gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of browning and flavan-3-ols during the storage of white sherry wines treated with different fining agents (2000)

White sherry wines were treated with three fining agents (activated charcoal, PVPP and Riduxhigh), in addition to an initial treatment with casein and bentonite, in four different combinations. The wines were stored at 20 or 30 °C for 1 year with a view to examining changes in their flavan-3-ol fraction and differences in their degree of sensitivity to browning. Flavan-3-ol monomers and dimers, as well as browning measured as absorbance at 420 nm, increased during storage in all the wines. After this period the wines treated with fining agents containing activated charcoal, PVPP and Riduxhigh exhibited less marked browning, with no significant differences among them at both 20 and 30 °C. However, taking into account the higher initial colour of bottled wines treated with Riduxhigh in relation to those treated with activated charcoal or PVPP, this fining agent showed higher capacity to control browning. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
PRISM: A Competitive Small Modular Sodium-Cooled Reactor (2012)

The Power Reactor Innovative Small Module (PRISM) designed by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy is a small, modular, sodium-cooled fast reactor. The PRISM core is located in a pool-type containment vessel and is fueled with metallic fuel. Each PRISM produces 311 MW of electricity. The PRISM is inherently safe due to its negative power reactivity feedback, large in-vessel coolant inventory, passive heat removal systems, below-grade siting, and atmospheric reactor vessel operating pressure. In NUREG-1368, “Preapplication Safety Evaluation Report for the Power Reactor Innovative Small Module (PRISM) Liquid-Metal Reactor,” the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission stated that “On the basis of the review performed, the staff, with the ACRS [Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards] in agreement, concludes that no obvious impediments to licensing the PRISM design have been identified.” PRISM is able to fission electrometallurgically recycled used nuclear fuel (UNF) from light water reactors as well as weapons-grade materials. PRISM, with the associated Nuclear Fuel Recycling Center, represents a safe, diversion resistant, commercially viable technology for recycling UNF with a small modular reactor.
Update: the twenty subtypes of HLA-B27 (2000)

HLA-B27 is a serologic specificity that encompasses 20 different alleles-HLA-B*2701 to B*2720. These alleles are also called subtypes of HLA-B27, and they have evolved from the B*2705 subtype, mostly from changes in exons 2 and 3 (which encode the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of the peptide binding groove, respectively). Occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or related spondyloarthropathy (SpA) has thus far been documented in subjects possessing any one of the first 10 subtypes. However, B*2706 in Southeast Asian and B*2709 in the Italian island population of Sardinia may have a relatively much weaker association with AS. The 10 most recent subtypes have not yet been studied for disease association. There may exist a hierarchical ranking, resulting, in part, from differences in other co-inherited genetic factors, or due to environmental factors; eg, B*2705 is clearly disease-associated throughout the world, but not among the West Africans of Senegal and Gambia. It is important to investigate whether certain subtypes show any preferential association with some of the clinical features or forms of AS and related SpA among the various ethnic/racial populations and geographic regions of the world. This may help to identify the polymorphic positions of HLA-B27 that may have a disease-predisposing role.
Targeting γ-Herpesvirus 68 Bcl-2-mediated Down-regulation of Autophagy (2014)

γ-herpesviruses (γHVs) are common human pathogens that encode homologs of the anti-apoptotic cellular Bcl-2 proteins, which are critical to viral reactivation and oncogenic transformation. The murine γHV68 provides a tractable in vivo model for understanding general features of these important human pathogens. Bcl-XL, a cellular Bcl-2 homolog, and the murine γHV68 Bcl-2 homolog, M11, both bind to a BH3 domain within the key autophagy effector Beclin 1 with comparable affinities, resulting in the down-regulation of Beclin 1-mediated autophagy. Despite this similarity, differences in residues lining the binding site of M11 and Bcl-XL dictate varying affinities for the different BH3 domain-containing proteins. Here we delineate Beclin 1 differential specificity determinants for binding to M11 or Bcl-XL by quantifying autophagy levels in cells expressing different Beclin 1 mutants and either M11 or Bcl-XL, and we show that a G120E/D121A Beclin 1 mutant selectively prevents down-regulation of Beclin 1-mediated autophagy by Bcl-XL, but not by M11. We use isothermal titration calorimetry to identify a Beclin 1 BH3 domain-derived peptide that selectively binds to M11, but not to Bcl-XL. The x-ray crystal structure of this peptide bound to M11 reveals the mechanism by which the M11 BH3 domain-binding groove accommodates this M11-specific peptide. This information was used to develop a cell-permeable peptide inhibitor that selectively inhibits M11-mediated, but not Bcl-XL-mediated, down-regulation of autophagy.
Methods for crosslinking and stabilization of chitosan structures for potential medical applications (2022)

Chitosan is a well-known polymer widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, has antibacterial and osteoconductive properties. Chitosan is often used in the form of composites (with the participation of ceramic particles), membranes, hydrogels or nanoparticles. The problem with biomaterials is their low durability, rapid degradation, poor mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. Cross-linking or stabilization of such materials allows for solving these problems. It is important that the compounds used for this purpose exhibit limited or no toxicity. The presented article is a review and presents some methods of cross-linking/stabilization of chitosan structures. The analysis concerns low or non-cytotoxic cross-linking/stabilization methods. The discussed compounds used for the purpose of chitosan structure fixation are: cinnamaldehyde, genipin, L-aspartic acid, vanillin, sodium carbonate, sodium alginate, BGP, ethanol and TPP. There is discussed also a hydrothermal/dehydrothermal method which seems to be promising as it is more advantageous since no additional compounds are introduced into the structure.
Cation Exchange: A Versatile Tool for Nanomaterials Synthesis (2013)

The development of nanomaterials for next generation photonic, optoelectronic, and catalytic applications requires a robust synthetic toolkit for systematically tuning composition, phase, and morphology at nanometer length scales. While de novo synthetic methods for preparing nanomaterials from molecular precursors have advanced considerably in recent years, postsynthetic modifications of these preformed nanostructures have enabled the stepwise construction of complex nanomaterials. Among these postsynthetic transformations, cation exchange reactions, in which the cations ligated within a nanocrystal host lattice are substituted with those in solution, have emerged as particularly powerful tools for fine-grained control over nanocrystal composition and phase. In this feature article, we review the fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic basis for cation exchange reactions in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and highlight its synthetic versatility for accessing nanomaterials intractable by direct synthetic methods from molecular precursors. Unlike analogous ion substitution reactions in extended solids, cation exchange reactions at the nanoscale benefit from rapid reaction rates and facile modulation of reaction thermodynamics via selective ion coordination in solution. The preservation of the morphology of the initial nanocrystal template upon exchange, coupled with stoichiometric control over the extent of reaction, enables the formation of nanocrystals with compositions, morphologies, and crystal phases that are not readily accessible by conventional synthetic methods.
The Extremal Function Associated to Intrinsic Norms (2002)

Through the study of the degenerate complex Monge-Ampere equation, we establish the optimal regularity of the extremal function associated to intrinsic norms of Chern-Levine-Nirenberg and Bedford--Taylor. We prove a conjecture of Chern-Levine-Nirenberg on the extended intrinsic norms on complex manifolds and verify Bedford-Taylor's representation formula for these norms in general.
Carboxymethylcellulose derivatives with low hydrophilic properties (2003)

New kinds of cellulose derivatives have been obtained by modification of sodium and lithium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC and LiCMC, respectively) with commercial octadecylisocyanate (OctI) and hexamethylene-diisocyanate (HDI). The CMC samples were obtained from sugar cane bagasse pulps using sodium hydroxide and anthraquinone mixture. The structural changes of modified samples were observed using infrared spectroscopy (IR), solid state C-13 NMR and thermal analysis (TGA). The samples surfaces were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. The presence of characteristic urethane group absorption bands in the region of 1650-1720 cm(-1) in IR spectra and at 159 ppm in C-13 NMR spectra indicates the formation of the product.
Off-target toxicity is a common mechanism of action of cancer drugs undergoing clinical trials (2019)

Ninety-seven percent of drug-indication pairs that are tested in clinical trials in oncology never advance to receive U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval. While lack of efficacy and dose-limiting toxicities are the most common causes of trial failure, the reason(s) why so many new drugs encounter these problems is not well understood. Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis, we investigated a set of cancer drugs and drug targets in various stages of clinical testing. We show that-contrary to previous reports obtained predominantly with RNA interference and small-molecule inhibitors-the proteins ostensibly targeted by these drugs are nonessential for cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, the efficacy of each drug that we tested was unaffected by the loss of its putative target, indicating that these compounds kill cells via off-target effects. By applying a genetic target-deconvolution strategy, we found that the mischaracterized anticancer agent OTS964 is actually a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11 and that multiple cancer types are addicted to CDK11 expression. We suggest that stringent genetic validation of the mechanism of action of cancer drugs in the preclinical setting may decrease the number of therapies tested in human patients that fail to provide any clinical benefit.
Electroeluting DNA Fragments (2010)

Purified DNA fragments are used for different purposes in Molecular Biology and they can be prepared by several procedures. Most of them require a previous electrophoresis of the DNA fragments in order to separate the band of interest. Then, this band is excised out from an agarose or acrylamide gel and purified by using either: binding and elution from glass or silica particles, DEAE-cellulose membranes, "crush and soak method", electroelution or very often expensive commercial purification kits. Thus, selecting a method will depend mostly of what is available in the laboratory. The electroelution procedure allows one to purify very clean DNA to be used in a large number of applications (sequencing, radiolabeling, enzymatic restriction, enzymatic modification, cloning etc). This procedure consists in placing DNA band-containing agarose or acrylamide slices into sample wells of the electroeluter, then applying current will make the DNA fragment to leave the agarose and thus be trapped in a cushion salt to be recovered later by ethanol precipitation.
A Sparse-View CT Reconstruction Method Based on Combination of DenseNet and Deconvolution (2018)

Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) holds great promise for speeding up data acquisition and reducing radiation dose in CT scans. Recent advances in reconstruction algorithms for sparse-view CT, such as iterative reconstruction algorithms, obtained high-quality image while requiring advanced computing power. Lately, deep learning (DL) has been widely used in various applications and has obtained many remarkable outcomes. In this paper, we propose a new method for sparse-view CT reconstruction based on the DL approach. The method can be divided into two steps. First, filter backprojection (FBP) was used to reconstruct the CT image from sparsely sampled sinogram. Then, the FBP results were fed to a DL neural network, which is a DenseNet and deconvolution-based network (DD-Net). The DD-Net combines the advantages of DenseNet and deconvolution and applies shortcut connections to concatenate DenseNet and deconvolution to accelerate the training speed of the network; all of those operations can greatly increase the depth of network while enhancing the expression ability of the network. After the training, the proposed DD-Net achieved a competitive performance relative to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of streaking artifacts removal and structure preservation. Compared with the other state-of-the-art reconstruction methods, the DD-Net method can increase the structure similarity by up to 18% and reduce the root mean square error by up to 42%. These results indicate that DD-Net has great potential for sparse-view CT image reconstruction.
Exaggerated Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Response Is Important for Improved β-Cell Function and Glucose Tolerance After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

β-Cell function improves in patients with type 2 diabetes in response to an oral glucose stimulus after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. This has been linked to the exaggerated secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but causality has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GLP-1 in improving β-cell function and glucose tolerance and regulating glucagon release after RYGB using exendin(9-39) (Ex-9), a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)-specific antagonist. Nine patients with type 2 diabetes were examined before and 1 week and 3 months after surgery. Each visit consisted of two experimental days, allowing a meal test with randomized infusion of saline or Ex-9. After RYGB, glucose tolerance improved, β-cell glucose sensitivity (β-GS) doubled, the GLP-1 response greatly increased, and glucagon secretion was augmented. GLP-1R blockade did not affect β-cell function or meal-induced glucagon release before the operation but did impair glucose tolerance. After RYGB, β-GS decreased to preoperative levels, glucagon secretion increased, and glucose tolerance was impaired by Ex-9 infusion. Thus, the exaggerated effect of GLP-1 after RYGB is of major importance for the improvement in β-cell function, control of glucagon release, and glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Design and Implementation of a High-Performance Microprocessor Cache Compression Algorithm (2008)

Abstract Researchers have proposed using hardware data compression units within the memory hierarchies of microprocessors in order to improve performance, energy efficiency, and functionality. However, most past work, and in particular work on cache compression, has made unsubstantiated assumptions about the performance, power consumption, and area overheads of the required compression hardware. We present a lossless compression algorithm that has been designed for on-line memory hierarchy compression, and cache compression in particular. We reduced our algorithm to a register transfer level hardware implementation, permitting performance, power consumption, and area estimation. The results of experiments comparing our work to previous work are presented.
South Pacific Stories: A Photo Essay (1994)

This photographic essay records an encounter between colonial and postcolonial gazes. The medium for this exchange is a collection of 'South Sea native' postcards and photographs, popular among white Australians at the turn of the century. Such was the postcard craze that a major Sydney photographic firm, Kerry & Co., issued a travelling salesman's folio consisting of fifty sets of cards each with twelve prints. Among the Australian subjects were several South Pacific sets, representing a fin de Steele taste for the exotic. One, on 'Samoa', combined studio portraits with palmfringed views, and the publicity claimed that 'Kerry & Co. are the only publisher who can offer such a dainty line of South Sea pictures as postcards.' Their origins were diverse, being bought from a range of sources (missionaries, commercial studios, itinerant photographers based in the Islands) and then inscribed with the studio's name and a caption. The negatives from Kerry & Co.'s studio and another Sydney firm, Henry King, were acquired in the 1920s by James Tyrrell, a bookseller. He continued to sell this stock of 'Old Sydney, Australian Aborigines and South Sea Native Life', ensuring their circulaton half a century after they were originally taken, advertising the prints as valuable records of the fast disappearing native races'.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE POTENTIAL NEW ANTIDEPRESSANT, SIFAPRAZINE (1992)

PLANAS, J M; CARTHEUSER, C F; GIL, M; PRINCEP, M; SACRISTAN, A; ORTIZ, J A Author Information
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors. I. Hydroxylamine: A Potent Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation (1972)

Platelets have been known to function in the formation of thrombi and plug, and thekey role of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as an important initiator of platelet aggregation hasbeen well docum. ented. A wide variety of compounds that inhibit platelet aggregationhave been extensively investigated. Among them inhibitors of several enzymes such asmonoiodoacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethyl maleimide and methyl mercuric nitrate, have been shown to inhibit ADP-induced platelet reaction. This paper describes strongalteration in the ability of platelets to agglutinate with ADP, collagen and thrombin, whenrabbit platelets were treated with hydroxylamine, a kind of enzyme inhibitors.
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION AT REST OF ROUGH SURFACES (2023)

At present, the process of designing dry friction units for mechanical engineering and some other structures is becoming more and more laborious, forcing designers to make more and more efforts in this work. A significant complication of the work performed gives the random nature of the roughness of both contacting surfaces and this circumstance forces the designers to look for new ways to solve existing problems. In this paper, we consider the contact interaction of two rough parts, the roughness of which is modeled by spherical surfaces. The proposed friction pair model makes it possible to estimate the interaction forces of contacting rough surfaces acting between the considered surfaces. It should be emphasized that this paper considers the interaction of contacting bodies with an applied external force capable of starting the relative movement / sliding of the considered bodies with rough surfaces.
Comparison of receiver equalization using first-order and second-order Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer in 45 nm process technology (2012)

The gap between on-chip and off-chip communication speed has become wider as the IC process technology continues to shrink in order to increase the chip performance. The speed of on-chip circuit has outperformed the off-chip communication speed. Therefore, the performance threshold of a system which consists of multiple IC's is limited by the off-chip communication speed. I/O interfaces such as PCI-Express, USB 3.0, and DDR3 are designed to bridge the gap by introducing high-speed transceiver system which typically operates at Giga-Hertz range. However, legacy copper interconnect on a motherboard backplane cannot support data rate. As a result, integrity of the signal is impaired with nonideal effects introduced by the channel. Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer (CTLE) is used at the receiver front-end to compensate the high-frequency losses introduced by the channel. The implementation of CTLE is normally limited to first-order. Second-order CTLE offers the advantage of incremental peaking gain when dealing with channel of high losses. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics and theoretical circuit analysis of first-order and second-order CTLEs are presented. Both equalizers are designed to address a 5-Gb/s data rate transmission. An arbitrary 20-inch channel is used as test bench to compare the performance of the two equalizers. Simulation results show improvement in receive eye voltage opening and insertion loss for second-order CTLE but with degradation in terms of receive eye time opening, jitter, and amplitude noise.
GABA-Induced Cl<sup>−</sup>Current in Cultured Embryonic Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons (1999)

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated channels in embryonic (5-8 wk old) human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in dissociated culture were characterized by whole cell and single-channel techniques. All DRG neurons when held at negative holding membrane potentials displayed inward current to micromolar concentrations of GABA applied by pressure pulses from closely positioned micropipettes. The current was directly proportional to the concentration of GABA (EC50, 111 microM; Hill coefficient, 1.7). DRG neurons also responded to micromolar concentrations of pentobarbital and alphaxalone but not to cis-4-aminocrotonic acid (CACA), glycine, or taurine. Baclofen (100 microM) affected neither the holding currents nor K+ conductance (when patch pipettes were filled with 130 mM KCl) caused by depolarizing pulses. Whole cell GABA-currents were blocked by bicuculline, picrotoxin, and t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS; all at 100 microM). The reversal potential of whole cell GABA-currents was close to the theoretical Cl- equilibrium potential, shifting with changes in intracellular Cl- concentration in a manner expected for Cl--selective channels. The whole cell I-V curve for GABA-induced currents demonstrated slight outward rectification with nearly symmetrical outside and inside Cl- concentrations. Spectral analysis of GABA-induced membrane current fluctuations showed that the kinetic components were best fitted by a triple Lorentzian function. The apparent elementary conductance for GABA-activated Cl- channels determined from the power spectra was 22.6 pS. Single-channel recordings from cell-attached patches with pipettes containing 10 microM GABA indicated that GABA-activated channels have a main and a subconductance level with values of 30 and 19 pS, respectively. Mean open and closed times of the channel were characterized by two or three exponential decay functions, suggesting two or three open channel states and two closed states. Single channels showed a lack of rectification. The actions of GABA on cultured human embryonic DRG neurons are mediated through the activation of GABAA receptors with properties corresponding to those found in the CNS of human and other mammalian species but differing from those of cultured human adult DRG neurons.