gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The selective binding and transmigration of monocytes through the junctional complexes of human endothelium. (1988)

Human monocytes show a high affinity for vascular endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. To explore monocyte-endothelial interaction in greater detail, we have developed a new in vitro model for growth of human endothelial cells (EC). Human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) cultured upon collagen gels form confluent monolayers of EC that bind silver at their intercellular border similar to cells in situ. Intercellular junctional structures, both adherens and tight junctions, were identified. In contrast, HUVEC grown on plastic surfaces did not stain with silver. The silver-staining characteristic of EC-collagen monolayers was reversible and related to their in vitro maturation and senescence. Silver staining of EC borders provided a grid by which the location of monocyte binding to the luminal surface of individual EC could be assessed. Using this technique, we found that monocytes preferentially bound to the margins of EC, in approximation to the silver-staining junctions. These results suggest that EC determinants recognized by monocytes occur in a unique topographical distribution on the apical face of EC. After binding, monocytes migrated through the EC monolayers at high basal rates. The lack of penetration of collagen gels in the absence of an EC monolayer suggested the generation of EC-specific chemotactic signal(s). Monocytes were observed to pass between EC without evidence of disruption of the monolayer. Silver stain remained present during all phases of migration, and under transmission electron microscopy, junctional complexes were found proximal to monocytes that had just completed their passage through the monolayer. After orientation to the basal surface of the EC monolayer, monocytes migrated randomly into the underlying collagen gel. Monocyte adherence, penetration, migration, and long term survival can be studied under these conditions.
Flooding tolerance in interspecific introgression lines containing chromosome segments from teosinte (Zea nicaraguensis) in maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) (2013)

A flooding-tolerant genotype, IL#18, was identified; this genotype should be useful for maize breeding. In addition, because the chromosome segments of Z. nicaraguensis in the ILs cover nearly the entire genome and Z. nicaraguensis possesses several unique traits related to flooding tolerance, the ILs should be valuable material for additional QTL detection and the development of flooding-tolerant maize lines.
Hybrid color filter array demosaicking for effective artifact suppression (2006)

Color filter array (CFA) demosaicking is an essential process for restoring full-color images from incomplete color samples acquired by single-sensor digital cameras. We present two main contributions to CFA demosaicking. First, we analyze the causes of two main types of CFA demosaicking artifacts and examine the schemes that are effective in suppressing them, respectively. Second, by combining and extending the core merits of the schemes examined, we compose a new CFA demosaicking algorithm to suppress as many demosaicking artifacts as possible and obtain full-color images of high quality. Experiments using a large variety of test images have been conducted, and the results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods both visually and in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio.
Use of Microelectrodes for Electrochemiluminescent Detection in Microfluidic Devices (2009)

Microfluidic devices allow for fast detection with little reagent consumption. They also offer portability and the ability to mimic biological systems. Currently, many microfluidic devices are a hybrid of the microchip components, such as flow channels and wells, and larger instrumentation. There is a need to develop miniaturized detectors for lab-on-a-chip applications. Electrochemical detection methods have the advantage of ease of miniaturization. The electrochemical method, electrochemiluminescence, has the potential to be miniaturized and incorporated into a lab-on-a-chip device. As in other electrochemical methods, electrochemiluminescence is straightforward to miniaturize, but also possesses the sensitivity of a fluorescence detection method. In our laboratory, we have been developing carbon ink microelectrodes as the working electrode for a miniaturized electrochemiluminescence system. Since the signal is proportional to the electrode area, the challenge has been to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and maintain low detection limits as the electrode size decreases.
Trial Watch: Targeting ATM–CHK2 and ATR–CHK1 pathways for anticancer therapy (2015)

The ataxia telangiectasia mutated serine/threonine kinase (ATM)/checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2, best known as CHK2) and the ATM and Rad3-related serine/threonine kinase (ATR)/CHEK1 (best known as CHK1) cascades are the 2 major signaling pathways driving the DNA damage response (DDR), a network of processes crucial for the preservation of genomic stability that act as a barrier against tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Mutations and/or deletions of ATM and/or CHK2 are frequently found in tumors and predispose to cancer development. In contrast, the ATR–CHK1 pathway is often upregulated in neoplasms and is believed to promote tumor growth, although some evidence indicates that ATR and CHK1 may also behave as haploinsufficient oncosuppressors, at least in a specific genetic background. Inactivation of the ATM–CHK2 and ATR–CHK1 pathways efficiently sensitizes malignant cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATR and CHK1 inhibitors selectively kill tumor cells that present high levels of replication stress, have a deficiency in p53 (or other DDR players), or upregulate the ATR–CHK1 module. Despite promising preclinical results, the clinical activity of ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 inhibitors, alone or in combination with other therapeutics, has not yet been fully demonstrated. In this Trial Watch, we give an overview of the roles of the ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways in cancer initiation and progression, and summarize the results of clinical studies aimed at assessing the safety and therapeutic profile of regimens based on inhibitors of ATR and CHK1, the only 2 classes of compounds that have so far entered clinics.
Asymmetric acylation reactions of chiral imide enolates. The first direct approach to the construction of chiral .beta.-dicarbonyl synthons (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric acylation reactions of chiral imide enolates. The first direct approach to the construction of chiral .beta.-dicarbonyl synthonsD. A. Evans, M. D. Ennis, T. Le, N. Mandel, and G. MandelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4, 1154–1156Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00316a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00316a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2766Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Creator: new advanced concepts in concurrent simulation (1994)

Creator is a concurrent simulator for design verification and fault simulation of large circuits that highly integrates several traditional and innovative techniques. This is achieved by the introduction of a minimal information concept. Traditional techniques derived from previous works are Multiple List Traversal (MLT), trigger inhibition, fraternal event processing, list events, acid clock suppression, whereas the new ideas are function lists and evaluation functions, persistence time, positioning algorithm, evaluation triggering algorithm, combination of Single List Traversal (SLT) and MLT, and the implementation of transport delay in fault simulation. Generally the concurrent algorithm increases in complexity and the implementations grow in size and lose in performance as soon as higher abstraction levels are added beyond the gate one. To overcome this limitation, all the Creator's techniques are not related to a specific abstraction level and lead to an intrinsic multilevel concurrent fault simulator. Experimental results are reported to compare Creator with our previous simulator and the state-of-the-art commercial simulator Verifault-XL on several platforms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chapter 2 Mammalian Alkaloids II (1993)

This chapter discusses that endogenous mammalian alkaloids occur in tissues and fluids at very low levels, and none has ever been isolated in amounts sufficient to allow determination of optical properties by direct measurements. Biological testing in vitro and in vivo was performed almost entirely with racemic mixtures composed of optical isomers with different biological profiles. A recent report that optically active tetrahydroharmine racemized in the presence of acid suggests that TBCs are subjected to racemization during workup and afford partially racemized material. For this reason it is difficult to judge whether the biological data reported for mammalian alkaloids are real or unreliable owing to optical inhomogenity. This field of research, although exciting and important in connection with problems associated with alcohol addiction, drug abuse, and disorders originating from interference with dopamine and serotonin formation and metabolism will only mature and become meaningful when appropriate standards and controls are implemented. A close collaboration of biochemists and clinicians with organic chemists is highly recommended so that research can result in medically meaningful advances.
Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine (2019)

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or e-cigarettes have emerged as a popular recreational tool among adolescents and adults. Although the use of ENDS is often promoted as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes, few comprehensive studies have assessed the long-term effects of vaporized nicotine and its associated solvents, propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). Here, we show that compared with smoke exposure, mice receiving ENDS vapor for 4 months failed to develop pulmonary inflammation or emphysema. However, ENDS exposure, independent of nicotine, altered lung lipid homeostasis in alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. Comprehensive lipidomic and structural analyses of the lungs revealed aberrant phospholipids in alveolar macrophages and increased surfactant-associated phospholipids in the airway. In addition to ENDS-induced lipid deposition, chronic ENDS vapor exposure downregulated innate immunity against viral pathogens in resident macrophages. Moreover, independent of nicotine, ENDS-exposed mice infected with influenza demonstrated enhanced lung inflammation and tissue damage. Together, our findings reveal that chronic e-cigarette vapor aberrantly alters the physiology of lung epithelial cells and resident immune cells and promotes poor response to infectious challenge. Notably, alterations in lipid homeostasis and immune impairment are independent of nicotine, thereby warranting more extensive investigations of the vehicle solvents used in e-cigarettes.
Fas-L promotes the stem cell potency of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (2018)

Fas-L is a TNF family member known to trigger cell death. It has recently become evident that Fas-L can transduce also non-apoptotic signals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are derived from various adult tissues. Although MSCs from different tissues display common properties they also display tissue-specific characteristics. Previous works have demonstrated massive apoptosis following Fas-L treatment of bone marrow-derived MSCs both in vitro and following their administration in vivo. We therefore set to examine Fas-L-induced responses in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Human ASCs were isolated from lipoaspirates and their reactivity to Fas-L treatment was examined. ASCs responded to Fas-L by simultaneous apoptosis and proliferation, which yielded a net doubling of cell quantities and a phenotypic shift, including reduced expression of CD105 and increased expression of CD73, in association with increased bone differentiation potential. Treatment of freshly isolated ASCs led to an increase in large colony forming unit fibroblasts, likely produced by early stem cell progenitor cells. Fas-L-induced apoptosis and proliferation signaling were found to be independent as caspase inhibition attenuated Fas-L-induced apoptosis without impacting proliferation, whereas inhibition of PI3K and MEK, but not of JNK, attenuated Fas-L-dependent proliferation, but not apoptosis. Thus, Fas-L signaling in ASCs leads to their expansion and phenotypic shift toward a more potent stem cell state. We speculate that these reactions ensure the survival of ASC progenitor cells encountering Fas-L-enriched environments during tissue damage and inflammation and may also enhance ASC survival following their administration in vivo.
Parallel high‐throughput accurate mass measurement using a nine‐channel multiplexed electrospray liquid chromatography ultraviolet time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry system (2003)

A nine-channel multiplexed electrospray (MUX) liquid chromatography ultraviolet time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/UV/TOFMS) system has been used to simultaneously measure accurate masses of eluting components from eight parallel gradient LC columns. Accuracies better than 5 and 10 ppm were achieved for 50 and 80% of samples, respectively, from a single batch analysis of ten plates (960 samples) of a Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH and reserpine mixture. Combinatorial library compounds were analyzed using this parallel high-throughput system in both positive and negative modes to rigorously verify expected products and identify side products. A mass accuracy of 10 ppm root mean square (RMS) is routinely obtained for combinatorial library samples from this high-throughput accurate mass LC/MS system followed by automated data processing. This mass accuracy is critical in revealing combinatorial synthesis problems that would be missed by unit mass measurement.
Tracking Quality Assurance Activity (1988)

The difficulty of gathering together, organizing, and collating hospital quality assurance information is a common problem for hospital quality assurance departments. Trying to assemble and compare quality data, appearing in multiple locations, from multiple sources, across a time-line often measured in months, may prevent recognition of care patterns indicative of real problems. We describe our development of PC- based software to help deal with collecting and col lating information from the medical records depart ment, infection control, medical audit committees, the medical staff, the nursing units, peer review organi zation data, and multiple other scattered sources. This paper explains how the quality monitors were se lected and the types of statistical reports that such software can generate.
Fake Face Detection Methods: Can They Be Generalized? (2018)

With advancements in technology, it is now possible to create representations of human faces in a seamless manner for fake media, leveraging the large-scale availability of videos. These fake faces can be used to conduct personation attacks on the targeted subjects. Availability of open source software and a variety of commercial applications provides an opportunity to generate fake videos of a particular target subject in a number of ways. In this article, we evaluate the generalizability of the fake face detection methods through a series of studies to benchmark the detection accuracy. To this extent, we have collected a new database of more than 53,000 images, from 150 videos, originating from multiple sources of digitally generated fakes including Computer Graphics Image (CGI) generation and many tampering based approaches. In addition, we have also included images (with more than 3,200) from the predominantly used Swap-Face application that is commonly available on smartphones. Extensive experiments are carried out using both texture-based handcrafted detection methods and deep learning based detection methods to find the suitability of detection methods. Through the set of evaluation, we attempt to answer if the current fake face detection methods can be generalizable.
Differential Privacy for Bayesian Inference through Posterior Sampling (2017)

Differential privacy formalises privacy-preserving mechanisms that provide access to a database. Can Bayesian inference be used directly to provide private access to data? The answer is yes: under certain conditions on the prior, sampling from the posterior distribution can lead to a desired level of privacy and utility. For a uniform treatment, we define differential privacy over arbitrary data set metrics, outcome spaces and distribution families. This allows us to also deal with non-i.i.d or non-tabular data sets. We then prove bounds on the sensitivity of the posterior to the data, which delivers a measure of robustness. We also show how to use posterior sampling to provide differentially private responses to queries, within a decision-theoretic framework. Finally, we provide bounds on the utility of answers to queries and on the ability of an adversary to distinguish between data sets. The latter are complemented by a novel use of Le Cam's method to obtain lower bounds on distinguishability. Our results hold for arbitrary metrics, including those for the common definition of differential privacy. For specific choices of the metric, we give a number of examples satisfying our assumptions. © 2017 C Dimitrakakis, B. Nelson, Z. Zhang, A. Mitrokotsa, B. I. P. Rubinstein.
Controlled Fabrication of Silicon Nanowires by Electron Beam Lithography and Electrochemical Size Reduction (2004)

We demonstrate that electrochemical size reduction can be used for precisely controlled fabrication of silicon nanowires of widths approaching the 10 nm regime. The scheme can, in principle, be applied to wires defined by optical lithography but is here demonstrated for wires of approximately 100-200 nm width, defined by electron beam lithography. As for electrochemical etching of bulk silicon, the etching can be tuned both to the pore formation regime as well as to electropolishing. By in-situ optical and electrical characterization, the process can be halted at a certain nanowire width. Further electrical characterization shows a conductance decreasing faster than dimensional scaling would predict. As an explanation, we propose that charged surface states play a more pronounced role as the nanowire cross-sectional dimensions decrease.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF PILL USING FEATURE EXTRACTION IN IMAGE MINING (2015)

With the help of image mining techniques, an automatic pill identification system was investigated in this study for matching the images of the pills based on its several features like imprint, color, size and shape. Image mining is an inter-disciplinary task requiring expertise from various fields such as computer vision, image retrieval, image matching and pattern recognition. Image mining is the method in which the unusual patterns are detected so that both hidden and useful data images can only be stored in large database. It involves two different approaches for image matching. This research presents a drug identification, registration, detection and matching, Text, color and shape extraction of the image with image mining concept to identify the legal and illegal pills with more accuracy. Initially, the preprocessing process is carried out using novel interpolation algorithm. The main aim of this interpolation algorithm is to reduce the artifacts, blurring and jagged edges introduced during up-sampling. Then the registration process is proposed with two modules they are, feature extraction and corner detection. In feature extraction the noisy high frequency edges are discarded and relevant high frequency edges are selected. The corner detection approach detects the high frequency pixels in the intersection points. Through the overall performance gets improved. There is a need of segregate the dataset into groups based on the query image’s size, shape, color, text, etc. That process of segregating required information is called as feature extraction. The feature extraction is done using Geometrical Gradient feature transformation. Finally, color and shape feature extraction were performed using color histogram and geometrical gradient vector. Simulation results shows that the proposed techniques provide accurate retrieval results both in terms of time and accuracy when compared to conventional approaches.
DLF visual handicap package (1995)

MADAM — The Disabled Living Foundation is now researching and developing a short information / training package on visual handicap, which is designed for home helps. It is hoped that the package will also be useful to family aids, home care assistants and wardens of sheltered accommodation. Any comments and suggestions on the possible content of the package would be welcomed Please contact Mrs Astrid Klemz, The Disabled Living Foundation, 380 Harrow Road, London W9 2HU. Tel: 01-289 6111.
Chronic Dry Eye Symptoms after LASIK: Parallels and Lessons to be Learned from other Persistent Post-Operative Pain Disorders (2015)

Laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a commonly performed surgical procedure used to correct refractive error. LASIK surgery involves cutting a corneal flap and ablating the stroma underneath, with known damage to corneal nerves. Despite this, the epidemiology of persistent pain and other long-term outcomes after LASIK surgery are not well understood. Available data suggest that approximately 20-55% of patients report persistent eye symptoms (generally regarded as at least 6 months post-operation) after LASIK surgery. While it was initially believed that these symptoms were caused by ocular surface dryness, and referred to as "dry eye," it is now increasingly understood that corneal nerve damage produced by LASIK surgery resembles the pathologic neuroplasticity associated with other forms of persistent post-operative pain. In susceptible patients, these neuropathological changes, including peripheral sensitization, central sensitization, and altered descending modulation, may underlie certain persistent dry eye symptoms after LASIK surgery. This review will focus on the known epidemiology of symptoms after LASIK and discuss mechanisms of persistent post-op pain due to nerve injury that may be relevant to these patients. Potential preventative and treatment options based on approaches used for other forms of persistent post-op pain and their application to LASIK patients are also discussed. Finally, the concept of genetic susceptibility to post-LASIK ocular surface pain is presented.