gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer supported ‘magnesium(anthracene)’: effective in forming benzylic Grignard reagents (via electron transfer reactions) (1988)

A polymer supported ‘magnesium(anthracene)’(4) has been prepared from the reaction in tetrahydrofuran (thf) of [Mg(anthracene)(thf)3](1) with polystyrene bearing –9-CH2SiMe2(C14H9) groups (3); the green paramagnetic solid, containing dianion and radical anion anthracene sites, yields Grignard reagents (>90%) with benzylic halides in thf via electron transfer reactions, as does the model compound for the dianion sites, viz.[Mg{9-PhCH2SiMe2(C14H9)}(thf)2](6).
Double-sideband heterogeneous pulse modulation method for distributed acoustic sensing (2018)

In this paper, a double-sideband heterogeneous with suppressed carrier (DSBH-SC) pulse modulation method for fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing is proposed. An electro-optic in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) modulator is used to realize carrier-suppressed double-sideband heterogeneous pulse modulation in which the positive and the negative optical sidebands can carry independent modulation signals. Due to the modulation curve of the electro-optic I/Q modulator irregularly, the factors that influence the performance of the DSBH-SC are analyzed from modulation amplitude and frequency. The analysis shows that the constant frequency modulation on the lower optical sideband while a stable wide band linear frequency chirping on the upper optical sideband can be obtain in appropriate modulation conditions. It presents a method of digital subcarrier modulation for distributed optical sensing.
ATP suppression of interleukin‐12 and tumour necrosis factor‐α release from macrophages (2000)

Immune cell activation releases ATP into the extracellular space. ATP-sensitive P2 purinergic receptors are expressed on immune cells and activation of these receptors alters immune cell function. Furthermore, ATP is metabolized by ectonucleotidases to adenosine, which has also been shown to alter cytokine production. In the present study, we investigated how extracellular ATP affects interleukin (IL)-12 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine peritoneal macrophages and we also examined whether extracellular ATP alters the production of the T helper 1 cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma. Pretreatment of the peritoneal macrophages with ATP or various ATP analogues decreased both IL-12 and TNF-alpha production induced by LPS (10 microgram ml(-1)). The effect of ATP was partially reversed by cotreatment with adenosine deaminase (0.1 - 1 u ml(-1)), suggesting that the suppressive effect of ATP on cytokine production is, in part, due to its degradation products. Immunoneutralization with an anti-IL-10 antibody demonstrated that although ATP increases IL-10 production, the inhibition of IL-12 and TNF-alpha production is independent of the increased IL-10. The effect of ATP was pretranslational, as it suppressed steady state levels of mRNAs for IL-12 (both p35 and p40). In spleen cells stimulated with either LPS (10 microgram ml(-1)) or anti-CD3 (2 microgram ml(-1)) antibody, ATP suppressed, in a concentration-dependent manner, the production of IFN-gamma. These results suggest that extracellular ATP has multiple anti-inflammatory effects and that release of ATP into the extracellular space may play a role in blunting the overactive immune response in autoimmune diseases.
Hand Gestures Expressing Numbers and Its Application to Personal Identification (2005)

This paper proposes a personal identification method to express numbers by using hand gestures. A new set of hand patterns has been devised to express each number to decrease the recognition errors and for each user to easily memorize them. The normalized correlation value between a registered grayscale image and an input grayscale image is used for recognizing each hand pattern. Threshold values are used to distinguish each number expressed by each hand pattern. FAR (False Acceptance Rate) and FRR (False Rejection Rate) are defined and calculated by using the experimental data and they can be used to decide a set of threshold values to judge each number and each person at the same time. Registration and identification procedures for personal identification are shown. A prototype for personal identification is implemented and evaluated. The identification scheme using a genetic algorithm is investigated. are defined as fo lows.A lnumbers are expressed by using only one hand,because if both hands are used simultaneously,the CCD camera’s photographicrange to obtain a hand image wi lbecome large.At the time of registration,a user chooses the left hand or the right hand. The easiness to simultaneouslyextend and /or bend one or more fingers is taken into consideration. The correspondence between eachdigit number and eachtotal number of one or more extended fingers is also taken into consideration.To reduce the difference of each hand gesture,the extended fingers are attached.W hen the thumbis not used,it is put on the palm.As for the number of five,the thumbis extended and attached to the index finger,and a lof the second joints of remainingfingers are bended.The proposed set of hand gestures to express numbers is shown in Fig.1. 1
The effect of similarity measures on the quality of query clusters (2004)

Query clustering is a process that can be used to discover common interests of online information seekers and to exploit their collective search experience for the benefit of others. Harnessing such search experiences facilitates collaborative querying that in turn may help users of digital libraries and other information systems to better meet their information needs. Since similarity is fundamental to the definition of a cluster, measures of similarity between two queries are essential to the query clustering procedure. In this paper, we examine the effectiveness of different similarity measures. A set of experiments was carried out to study the impact of different similarity measures on the quality of query clusters. The results show that different similarity measures outperform each other in different query cluster quality criteria. Implications for these findings are discussed.
Tutorial on Input Shaping/Time Delay Control of Maneuvering Flexible Structures (2002)

Precise position control and rapid rest-to-rest mo-tion is the desired objective in a variety of applica-tions. The desire for reducing the maneuver time requires reducing the inertia of the structure which subsequently results in low frequency dynamics. The requirement of precise position control im-plies that the residual vibration of the structure should be zero or near zero. This paper presents techniques to shape the input to the system so as to minimize the residual vibration. A second class of problems which includes design of input profiles for systems with rigid-body modes driven by actuators with finite control authority, is also presented. The common thread which connects all the techniques presented in this paper is related to the design of controllers which are robust to mod-eling uncertainties. The proposed techniques are illustrated by simulations and experiments. 1
Particle Image Velocimetry for Complex and Turbulent Flows (2011)

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has evolved to be the dominant method for velocimetry in experimental fluid mechanics and has contributed to many advances in our understanding of turbulent and complex flows. In this article we review the achievements of PIV and its latest implementations: time-resolved PIV for the rapid capture of sequences of vector fields; tomographic PIV for the capture of fully resolved volumetric data; and statistical PIV, designed to optimize measurements of mean statistical quantities rather than instantaneous fields. In each implementation, the accuracy and spatial resolution are limited. To advance the method to the next level, we need a completely new approach. We consider the fundamental limitations of two-pulse PIV in terms of its dynamic ranges. We then discuss new paths and developments that hold the promise of achieving a fundamental reduction in uncertainty.
Enantioselective Approaches to Rhodium Catalysed Aldol-Type Reactions (1993)

Abstract Homochiral catalysts, [Rh (norbornadiene)-(homochiral diphosphine)]+ X−/H2, were tested to assess possible enantiocontrol in the aldol-type coupling of activated vinyl components with aldehydes. A related approach, via in situ rhodium silyl enolates, was also investigated.
Label-free ultrarapid spheroid formation in microfluidic chip using magneto-Archimedes effect (2012)

This paper demonstrates formation of a spheroid array in a microfluidic chip with neither cell labeling nor a specific microchannel pattern. Label-free ultrarapid magnetic cell manipulation is made possible by adding a paramagnetic salt to the culture medium to enhance the diamagnetic property of the cells. The cells in the paramagnetic medium aggregate ultrarapidly on an array within a microchannel by applying a magnetic field and the cell aggregates become spheroids after one day of culture. The results suggest that this cell manipulation method is a promising approach to construct micro 3D tissues in a closed small space.
CovidArray: A Microarray-Based Assay with High Sensitivity for the Detection of Sars-Cov-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swabs (2021)

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused the current coronavirus disease (Covid-19) epidemic. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is used as the gold standard for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2. Under ideal conditions, RT-qPCR Covid-19 assays have analytical sensitivity and specificity greater than 95%. However, when the sample panel is enlarged including asymptomatic individuals, the sensitivity decreases and false negatives are reported. Moreover, RT-qPCR requires up to 3-6 h with most of the time involved in RNA extraction from swab samples. We introduce CovidArray, a microarray-based assay, to detect SARS-CoV-2 markers N1 and N2 in the nasopharyngeal swabs. The method is based on solid-phase hybridization of fluorescently-labeled amplicons upon RNA extraction and reverse transcription. This approach combines the physical-optical properties of the silicon substrate with the surface chemistry used to coat the substrate to obtain a diagnostic tool of great sensitivity. Furthermore, we used an innovative approach, RNAGEM, to extract and purify viral RNA in less than 15 min. We correctly assigned 12 nasopharyngeal swabs, previously analyzed by RT-qPCR. Thanks to the CovidArray sensitivity we were able to identify a false-negative sample. CovidArray is the first DNA microarray-based assay to detect viral genes in the swabs. Its high sensitivity and the innovative viral RNA extraction by RNAGEM allows the reduction of both the amount of false-negative results and the total analysis time to about 2 h.
Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives with uterine-relaxing, antibronchospastic, and cardiac-stimulating properties (1984)

A series of imidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazine derivatives was synthesized by condensation of alpha-halogenocarbonyl compounds and aminopyrazines. Various compounds resulted from competitive reactions or reagent isomerization and demonstrated in vitro uterine-relaxing and in vivo antibronchospastic activities. On isolated atria, 5-bromoimidazo-[1,2-alpha]pyrazine showed positive chronotropic and inotropic properties; the latter was associated with an increase in the cyclic AMP tissue concentration. Potentiation of the isoproterenol positive inotropic effect of 5-bromoimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazine and the lack of blockade of the 5-bromoimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyrazine positive inotropic effect by propranolol suggested phosphodiesterase-inhibiting properties.
Accelerating Deterministic Bit-Stream Computing with Resolution Splitting (2019)

Deterministic approaches to stochastic computing (SC) have been recently proposed to produce completely accurate results with stochastic logic. Long processing time is the main limitation of these methods when a deterministic zero error rate output is expected. For instance, when multiplying two n-bit precision input values, a processing time of 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2n</sup> cycles is required. This long processing time makes the current deterministic approaches of SC inefficient for many applications. In this work, we propose an acceleration method based on resolution splitting to mitigate this long latency. The result is an exponential reduction in the processing time at the cost of some increase in the hardware area. The exponential reduction in the processing time results in a significant reduction in energy consumption. Synthesis results show that for the common 2-input multiplier, the proposed design decreases the energy consumption more than 2000× compared to the prior state-of-the-art deterministic bit-stream-based design.
An Authentication Framework for Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Based on Online/Offline Identity-Based Signature (2013)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is an emerging aircraft surveillance technology with which the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is being realized in air traffic networks. The future "e-enabled" aircrafts will be equipped with ADS-B devices in order to share precise surveillance and location data among the aircrafts, ground controllers and, possibly, other third parties. ADS-B is expected to reduce air traffic congestion and mitigate Air Traffic Control (ATC) inefficiencies significantly in shared airspace. In order to provide high accuracy and assurance for the ADS-B communications, a secure and reliable authentication mechanism is required. However, this task is challenging in that 1) using regular digital signatures, which was proposed in the literature as an authentication solution, requires management of complex Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and 2) generating signatures for messages exchanged frequently in Aircraft-to-Ground (A2G) and Aircraft-to-Aircraft (A2A) communication modes can create a computational bottleneck easily. In this paper, we take a fresh approach to this problem by introducing a new type of online/offline identity-based signature scheme. Our scheme will resolve the PKI management issues and achieve high level of efficiency that makes possible for e-enabled aircrafts to perform frequent signing generations.
Introduction: High Needs Schools - Preparing Teachers for Today's World (2016)

The subject of this Occasional Paper is the preparation of teachers for schools that—lacking sufficient resources, effective leadership, or vocal advocates—are failing to educate their students by any reasonable measures.
Improved holographic waveguide display system (2015)

An improved achromatic holographic waveguide display system with high efficiency is proposed, which is composed of an in-coupled planar hologram and an outcoupled volume hologram. The efficiency is improved, compared with the previous system proposed by Shi et al. (Appl. Opt.51, 4703–4078 [2012]10.1364/AO.51.004703APOPAI1559-128X), and the loss resulting from multiple exposures is reduced by the combination of the planar hologram and the volume hologram. The basic idea and principles are described, and the experiments are performed. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved system can achieve higher diffraction efficiency and reduce the experimental complexity of multiple exposures. It could be a potential method for improving the efficiency and correcting the chromatic dispersion in the waveguide display systems.
Basicity of the Amino Groups of the Aminoglycoside Amikacin Using Capillary Electrophoresis and Coupled CE−MS−MS Techniques (2001)

This paper describes the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE), and coupled CE and mass spectrometric techniques, to measure the values of the pKa of the amino groups of the aminoglycoside antibiotic amikacin and of its acetylated derivatives. These values of pKa (8.4, 6.7, 9.7, 8.4) were determined by measuring the electrophoretic mobilities of the molecules as a function of pH; they are within 0.7 unit of certain values reported in the literature (by 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopies) but resolved ambiguities left by these earlier studies. The range of values of pKa of amino groups also indicates the complex dependence of the acidity of a functional group (and thus the extent of ionization at a specified value of pH) on the molecular environment of that group.
Effectiveness and practical uses of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in healthy and special populations (2017)

Streptococcus pneumonia (S. pneumoniae) is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPV23) have been widely used for many years, but challenges are remaining in some respects, especially for its effectiveness among high-risk populations and older adults. This review aims to summarize recent clinical trials and studies of PPV23 vaccination among healthy people ≥ 2 years of age and those with high-risk conditions such as pregnant women, individuals with immunocompromising diseases and other chronic conditions, and provide health officials in China and other developing countries a comprehensive understanding of the current vaccination strategies for PPV23 and for the combined use of PPV23 and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in adults.
[Allopurinol induced pancytopenia in a patient with myeloproliferative disorder]. (1997)

We reported a rare case of pancytopenia caused by allopurinol. A 61-year-old man was first admitted in May 1993, because of thrombocytosis. He had suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis. He was administered allopurinol for hyperuricemia from March 1993. On first admission the laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis (10,100/microliter) and thrombocytosis (971 x 10(3)/microliter) in the peripheral blood. Myelofibrosis was strongly suspected due to increased number of MgK and reticular fiber in the bone marrow. Two months later, he readmitted due to pancytopenia (WBC 1,300/microliter, Hb 6.2g/dl, Plt 10 x 10(3)/microliter). His bone marrow showed markedly hypocellular. Because we suspected that pancytopenia was induced by allopurinol, we discontinued allopurinol and administered oxymetholone, G-CSF, and EPO, WBC, RBC, and platelet count had been recovered about one and half months later. In vitro co-culture indicated that CFU-G, E, and Meg in the bone marrow cells after recovery from pancytopenia were markedly suppressed in the presence of patient's serum and oxipurinol. Pancytopenia due to allopurinol was reported to be rare, and some authors showed that it will sometimes be fatal. Because pancytopenia of this case had been recovered in a relatively short time with cytokine therapy, it was thought to be effective for pancytopenia due to drug like this case.
[Phenotypical curing of Streptococcus pneumoniae treated with amidase induced by the Dp-1 bacteriophage]. (1985)

A phage-associated murein hydrolase activity (PAL) induced in an autolysis-defective mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae infected with the bacteriophage Dp-1 has been recently isolated and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity as well as biochemically characterized as an endo-N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanine amidase (1, 3, 4). The PAL and the inactive form (E-form) of the host cell autolysin show a remarkable biochemical similarity, although they differ in their immunological characteristics. The PAL was adsorbed onto a live, defective mutant of pneumococcus (cwl) and such cells reverted to the wild type phenotype ("cured" cells) in some important characteristics present in the wild type strain (R6), as: i) lysis of the culture in the stationary phase, ii) protoplast formation by hypertonic sucrose, and iii) bacteriolytic response against the penicillin in contrast with the bacteriostatic response of the "non-cured" cwl. The adsorbed enzyme segregates during growth of the "cured" cells. Our results demonstrate that PAL acts in the phenotypically "cured" cells in a similar way to that previously described for the host enzyme, and also confirm the finding that the autolysins play a direct role in the irreversible effects produced in S. pneumoniae by the betalactamic antibiotics.
Heat‐Free Fabrication of Metallic Interconnects for Flexible/Wearable Devices (2019)

Abstract Exploiting interfacial excess ( Γ ), Laplace pressure jump (Δ P ), surface work, and coupling them to surface reactivity have led to the synthesis of undercooled metal particles. Metastability is maintained by a core–shell particle architecture. Fracture of the thin shell leads to solidification with concomitant sintering. Applying Scherer's constitutive model for load‐driven viscous sintering on the undercooled particles implies that they can form conductive traces. Combining metastability to eliminate heat and robustness of viscous sintering, an array of conductive metallic traces can be prepared, leading to plethora of devices on various flexible and/or heat sensitive substrates. Besides mechanical sintering, chemical sintering can be performed, which negates the need of either heat or load. In the latter, connectivity is hypothesized to occur via a Frenkel's theory of sintering type mechanism. This work reports heat‐free, ambient fabrication of metallic conductive interconnects and traces on all types of substrates.
Decreased muscle insulin receptor kinase correlates with insulin resistance in normoglycemic Pima Indians (1997)

Defects in insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity are present in insulin-resistant non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients and certain nondiabetic individuals, both lean and obese. However, the relationship between insulin receptor function, insulin action, and obesity is unclear. To address this issue, we have employed a new and highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure in vitro insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of immunocaptured muscle insulin receptors in a group of 25 normoglycemic Pima Indians. Insulin action, determined during two-step euglycemic insulin clamps, varied widely in these subjects. Maximal in vitro insulin stimulation of insulin receptor autophosphorylation strongly correlated with both low (Mlow)- and high (Mhigh)-dose insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (r = 0.62 and 0.51, P < 0.002 and 0.011, respectively). Insulin receptor autophosphorylation was inversely related to percent body fat (r = -0.52, P < 0.009). After control for percent body fat, receptor autophosphorylation remained correlated with Mlow (partial r = 0.49, P < 0.025). These data therefore suggest that defects in insulin receptor function are major contributors to insulin resistance in both lean and obese normoglycemic Pima Indians.
An extended march test algorithm for embedded memories (2002)

In this paper, an efficient test algorithm and BIST architecture for embedded memories are presented. The proposed test algorithm can fully detect stuck-at fault, transition fault, coupling fault. Moreover, the proposed test algorithm can detect neighborhood pattern sensitive fault, which could not be detected in previous march test algorithms. The proposed test algorithm performs testing for neighborhood pattern sensitive fault using background data, which has been used for word-oriented memory testing.