gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foiling covert channels and malicious classical post-processing units in quantum key distribution (2022)

The existing paradigm for the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) suffers from two fundamental weaknesses. First, covert channels have emerged as an important threat and have attracted a lot of attention in security research in conventional information and communication systems. Covert channels (e.g. memory attacks) can fatally break the security of even deviceindependent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD), whenever QKD devices are re-used. Second, it is often implicitly assumed that the classical post-processing units of a QKD system are trusted. This is a rather strong assumption and is very hard to justify in practice. Here, we propose a new paradigm for the security of QKD that addresses these two fundamental problems. Specifically, we show that by using verifiable secret sharing and multiple optical devices and classical post-processing units, one could re-establish the security of QKD. Our techniques are rather general and they apply to both DI-QKD and non-DI-QKD.
A password based authentication protocol for access control in WLAN (2006)

WLAN technologies are becoming popular and the device are widely used everywhere nowadays, so more attentions are paid to when it comes to wireless security. Since the current security protocol in IEEE 802.11 namely wired equivalent privacy is known to be quite insecure, the IEEE 802.1x and IEEE 802.11i were proposed to resolve some problems in 802.11. However, the 802.1x still have some drawbacks and could be hijacked through middle of communication session. In this paper, we proposed a password-based authentication and key exchange protocol suitable to construct a secure connection for regular communication security. To overcome the drawback of password-based protocols causing by short length and randomness of password, the proposed protocol uses the signature techniques of ECDSA and the authentication protocol SRP based on Diffie-Hellman key exchange method.
Pacemaker Syndrome Induced by the Mode Switching Algorithm of a DDDR Pacemaker (1999)

A patient with marked first-degree AV block and a DDDR pacemaker presented with a history of paroxysmal narrow QRS tachycardia, subsequently identified as sinus tachycardia (with a very long PR interval), causing a clinical problem similar to pacemaker syndrome because of loss of AV synchrony. The latter resulted from an excessively long postventricular atrial refractory period (PVARP) that prevented sensing of sinus P waves. The unfavorable hemodynamics caused reflex sinus tachycardia. The long PVARP was mandated by the mode switching algorithm of this particular device and was automatically set according to the selected tachycardia detection rate. The patient became asymptomatic when the mode switching function was turned off and the PVARP shortened.
A simplified system for the effective expression and delivery of functional mature microRNAs in mammalian cells (2019)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nucleotide noncoding RNAs that are involved in virtually all aspects of cellular process as their deregulations are associated with many pathological conditions. Mature miRNAs (mMIRs) are generated through a series of tightly-regulated nuclear and cytoplasmic processing events of the transcribed primary, precursor and mMIRs. Effective manipulations of miRNA expression enable us to gain insights into miRNA functions and to explore potential therapeutic applications. Currently, overexpression of miRNAs is achieved by using chemically-synthesized miRNA mimics, or shRNA-like stem-loop vectors to express primary or precursor miRNAs, which are limited by low transfection efficacy or rate-limiting miRNA processing. To overcome rate-limiting miRNA processing, we developed a novel strategy to express mMIRs which are driven by converging U6/H1 dual promoters. As a proof-of-concept study, we constructed mMIR expression vectors for hsa-miR-223 and hsa-Let-7a-1, and demonstrated that the expressed mMIRs effectively silenced target gene expression, specifically suppressed miRNA reporter activity, and significantly affected cell proliferation, similar to respective primary and precursor miRNAs. Furthermore, these mMIR expression vectors can be easily converted into retroviral and adenoviral vectors. Collectively, our simplified mMIR expression system should be a valuable tool to study miRNA functions and/or to deliver miRNA-based therapeutics.
Video-based Side-view Face Recognition for Home Safety (2012)

In this paper, we introduce a registration method for side-view face recognition that is suitable for home safety applications. We use cameras attached at door posts, and recognize people as they pass through doors to estimate their location in the house. First, we present a new database that is collected using this setup, where we use side cameras and ambient light. We recorded videos of 14 people that pass through doors in 18 different paths. Next, we propose our recognition method where we automatically find the profile to register the face images. By applying hierarchical clustering we detect the frames that include falsely detected profiles and pose variations, and automatically remove them from the video se-quence to improve our results. After registering, we find the nose tip, apply recognition based on profiles, and analyze our results. 1
Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin modified using poly(ether ether ketone) with pendent <i>tert</i>‐butyl groups (2007)

Abstract Bisphenol‐A‐based difunctional epoxy resin was modified with poly(ether ether ketone) with pendent tert ‐butyl groups (PEEKT). PEEKT was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4,4′‐difluoro benzophenone with tert ‐butyl hydroquinone in N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. Blends with various amounts of PEEKT were prepared by melt‐mixing. All the blends were homogeneous in the uncured state. The glass transition temperature of the binary epoxy/PEEKT blends was predicted using several equations. Reaction‐induced phase separation was found to occur upon curing with a diamine 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone. The phase morphology of the blends was studied using scanning electron microscopy. From the micrographs, it was found that PEEKT‐rich phase was dispersed in a continuous epoxy matrix. The domain size increased with the amount of PEEKT in the blends. The increase in domain size was due to the coalescence of the domains after phase separation. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the blends gave two peaks corresponding to epoxy‐rich phase and thermoplastic‐rich phase. The tensile strength and modulus of the blends remained close to that of the unmodified resin, while the flexural properties decreased with the addition of PEEKT to epoxy resin. The fracture toughness of the epoxy resin increased with the addition of PEEKT. Investigation of the fracture surfaces revealed evidences for local plastic deformation of the matrix, crack pinning, crack path deflection, and ductile tearing of PEEKT‐rich phase. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the initial decomposition temperature of the blends were close to that of the unmodified resin. Finally, the properties of the blends were compared with other modified PEEK/epoxy blends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2481–2496, 2007
Intestinal Lesions Are Associated with Altered Intestinal Microbiome and Are More Frequent in Children and Young Adults with Cystic Fibrosis and Cirrhosis (2015)

CFCIR is associated with increased intestinal mucosal lesions, slower small bowel transit time and alterations in fecal microbiome. Abnormal intestinal permeability and elevated fecal calprotectin are common in all CF subjects. Disturbances in intestinal function in CF combined with changes in the microbiome may contribute to the development of hepatic fibrosis and intestinal lesions.
Chloroplast SRP54 Interacts with a Specific Subset of Thylakoid Precursor Proteins (1997)

Signal recognition particles (SRPs) have been identified in organisms as diverse as mycoplasma and mammals; in several cases these SRPs have been shown to play a key role in protein targeting. In each case the recognition of appropriate targeting signals is mediated by SRP subunits related to the 54-kDa protein of mammalian SRP (SRP54). In this study we have characterized the specificity of 54CP, a chloroplast homologue of SRP54 which is located in the chloroplast stroma. We have used a nascent chain cross-linking approach to detect the interactions of 54CP with heterologous endoplasmic reticulum-targeting signals. 54CP functions as a bona fide signal recognition factor which can discriminate between functional and non-functional targeting signals. Using a range of authentic thylakoid precursor proteins we found that 54CP discriminates between thylakoid-targeting signals, interacting with only a subset of protein precursors. Thus, the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, cytochrome f, and the Rieske FeS protein all showed strong cross-linking products with 54CP. In contrast, no cross-linking to the 23- and 33-kDa proteins of the oxygen-evolving complex were detected. The selectivity of 54CP correlates with the hydrophobicity of the thylakoid-targeting signal and, in the case of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, with previously determined transport/integration requirements. We propose that 54CP mediates the targeting of a specific subset of precursors to the thylakoid membrane, i.e. those with particularly hydrophobic signal sequences.
Reactive oxygen species signaling in plants under abiotic stress (2013)

Abiotic stresses like heavy metals, drought, salt, low temperature, etc. are the major factors that limit crop productivity and yield. These stresses are associated with production of certain deleterious chemical entities called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide radical (O₂(-)), hydroxyl radical (OH(-)), etc. ROS are capable of inducing cellular damage by degradation of proteins, inactivation of enzymes, alterations in the gene and interfere in various pathways of metabolic importance. Our understanding on ROS in response to abiotic stress is revolutionized with the advancements in plant molecular biology, where the basic understanding on chemical behavior of ROS is better understood. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in ROS generation and its potential role during abiotic stress is important to identify means by which plant growth and metabolism can be regulated under acute stress conditions. ROS mediated oxidative stress, which is the key to understand stress related toxicity have been widely studied in many plants and the results in those studies clearly revealed that oxidative stress is the main symptom of toxicity. Plants have their own antioxidant defense mechanisms to encounter ROS that is of enzymic and non-enzymic nature . Coordinated activities of these antioxidants regulate ROS detoxification and reduces oxidative load in plants. Though ROS are always regarded to impart negative impact on plants, some reports consider them to be important in regulating key cellular functions; however, such reports in plant are limited. Molecular approaches to understand ROS metabolism and signaling have opened new avenues to comprehend its critical role in abiotic stress. ROS also acts as secondary messenger that signals key cellular functions like cell proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis. In higher eukaryotes, ROS signaling is not fully understood. In this review we summarize our understanding on ROS and its signaling behavior in plants under abiotic stress.
An Anomalous Behavior Detection Method Using System Call Sequences for Distributed Application (2015)

Distributed applications are composed of multiple nodes, which exchange information with individual nodes through message passing. Compared with traditional applications, distributed applications have more complex behavior patterns because a large number of interactions and concurrent behaviors exist among their distributed nodes. Thus, it is difficult to detect anomalous behaviors and determine the location and scope of abnormal nodes, and some attacks and misuse cannot be detected. To address this problem, we introduce a method for detecting anomalous behaviors based on process algebra. We specify the architecture of the behavior detection model and the detection algorithm. The anomalous behavior detection and analysis demonstrate that our method is a good discriminator between normal and anomalous behavior characteristics of distributed applications. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed method enhances efficiency without security degradation.
Liver X receptor agonists decrease ENaC-mediated sodium transport in collecting duct cells (2012)

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that regulate cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism in various tissues. However, the renal action of LXRs is not well understood. Here we investigated the effects of LXR-activating ligands on modulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-mediated sodium transport in collecting duct cells. Exposure of the M1 cells to the synthetic LXR agonists T0901317 and GW3965 or the natural ligand 22R-hydroxycholesterol for 24 h decreased amiloride-sensitive sodium transport, corresponding with an increase of transepithelial resistance. The inhibition of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport after incubation with T0901317 or GW3965 was not mediated by a reduction of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase-mediated basolateral sodium transport. On the other hand, T0901317 and GW3965 decreased mRNA abundance and membrane expression of ENaC. Preincubation the monolayer with GW3965 attenuated aldosterone-induced stimulation sodium transport. In primary cultures of collecting duct cells, T0901317 and GW3965 similarly inhibited ENaC transport function as in M1 cells. This is the first evidence showing LXR-activating ligands modulate ENaC-mediated sodium transport in collecting duct cells. These results suggest that LXRs may represent a novel therapeutic target for treatment of conditions with dysregulation of ENaC such as hypertension.
Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Synthesis and Applications (2002)

Conjugated polyelectrolytes are conjugated polymers that feature ionic side groups which render the materials soluble in water and other polar solvents. In this review we summarize recent work which has been carried out to synthesize a variety of new conjugated polyelectrolyte structures, including those with poly(paraphenylene), poly(phenylene vinylene) and poly(phenylene ethynylene) backbone structures. Work that has examined the optical, photophysical and solution properties of these materials is also reviewed. Finally, a brief survey of novel applications of conjugated polyelectrolytes to the fabrication of optoelectronic devices and fluorescent sensors is provided.
Recent developments in the treatment of sepsis (2003)

Despite advances in supportive care, septic shock remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. With the identification of the systemic inflammatory response as a major component in the pathogenesis of the septic shock syndrome, much of the recent work has focused on modulating this response. This includes antiendotoxin therapies in patients with Gram-negative sepsis, and therapies to modulate the pro-inflammatory mediators produced in response to infection, such as TNF-α, platelet-activating factor and complement. High-flow haemofiltration has the potential advantage of clearing both endotoxin and pro-inflammatory mediators. Antithrombotic strategies have been investigated and have yielded the first major success in the treatment of sepsis with activated protein C. Nitric oxide produces the cardiovascular features of sepsis and investigators have looked at both reducing its production and mopping up the excess. Attempts to reduce apoptosis have been a new focus in the treatment of sepsis. There have also been recent developments in supportive care suggesting a role for vasopressin and replacement corticosteroid therapy.
GaN-Based Trench Gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Fabricated with Novel Wet Etching (2008)

A novel method for fabricating trench structures on GaN was developed. A smooth non-polar (1100) plane was obtained by wet etching using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as the etchant. A U-shape trench with the (1100) plane side walls was formed with dry etching and the TMAH wet etching. A U-shape trench gate metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was also fabricated using the novel etching technology. This device has the excellent normally-off operation of drain current–gate voltage characteristics with the threshold voltage of 10 V. The drain breakdown voltage of 180 V was obtained. The results indicate that the trench gate structure can be applied to GaN-based transistors.
miR-146a-5p circuitry uncouples cell proliferation and migration, but not differentiation, in human mesenchymal stem cells (2013)

Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has the potential to ameliorate degenerative disorders and to repair damaged tissues. The homing of transplanted MSCs to injured sites is a critical property of engraftment. Our aim was to identify microRNAs involved in controlling MSC proliferation and migration. MSCs can be isolated from bone marrow and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (BM-MSCs and WJ-MSCs, respectively), and WJ-MSCs show poorer motility yet have a better amplification rate compared with BM-MSCs. Small RNA sequencing revealed that miR-146a-5p is significantly overexpressed and has high abundance in WJ-MSCs. Knockdown of miR-146a-5p in WJ-MSCs inhibited their proliferation yet enhanced their migration, whereas overexpression of miR-146a-5p in BM-MSCs did not influence their osteogenic and adipogenic potentials. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12), together with SIKE1, which is an I-kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKKε) suppressor, is a direct target of miR-146a-5p in MSCs. Knockdown of miR-146a-5p resulted in the down-regulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activity, which is highly activated in WJ-MSCs and is known to activate miR-146a-5p promoter. miR-146a-5p is also downstream of CXCL12, and a negative feedback loop is therefore formed in MSCs. These findings suggest that miR-146a-5p is critical to the uncoupling of motility and proliferation of MSCs. Our miRNome data also provide a roadmap for further understanding MSC biology.
Matrix Multiplication on GPUs with On-Line Fault Tolerance (2011)

Commercial graphics processing units (GPUs) prove their attractive, inexpensive in high performance scientific applications. However, a recent research through Folding@home demonstrates that two-thirds of tested GPUs on Folding@home exhibit a detectable, pattern-sensitive rate of memory soft errors for GPGPU. Fault tolerance has been viewed as critical to the effective use of these GPUs. In this paper, we present an on-line GPU error detection, location, and correction method to incorporate fault tolerance into matrix multiplication. The main contribution of the paper is to extend the traditional algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT) from offline to online and apply it to matrix multiplication on GPUs. The proposed on-line fault tolerance mechanism detects soft errors in the middle of the computation so that better reliability can be achieved by correcting corrupted computations in time. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly efficient.
Cosmetic Microbiology: A Practical Handbook (1997)

General Concerns and Basic Sanitation: History of Cosmetic Microbiology. Biology of Microbes. Microbial Environment of the Manufacturing Plant. Cosmetic Microbiology Testing Methods: Preservative Challenge, Microbial Content, and Disinfectant Testing. Validation of Methods. Preservation of Cosmetics: Preservative Development. Mode of Action of Cosmetic Biocides. Regulatory and Toxicology Concerns: Consumer Safety Considerations Associated with the Microbial Preservation of Cosmetics. Laws and Enforcement. Appendix I: Selected References for Cosmetic Microbiology. Appendix II: Preservatives Commonly Used.
1D Conduction Code (2005)

The user part is problem dependent. Therefore, the two files in this part are used to specify the problem to be solved. In contrast, the library part is problem independent. Thus, the LIB1D.FOR file remains unaltered for all problems. In this sense, the library part may be called the solver whereas the user part may be called the pre- and postprocessor.
Image Sensor Based Visible Light Communication and Its Application to Pose, Position, and Range Estimations (2014)

This study introduces an image sensor based visible light communication (VLC) and its application to pose, position, and range estimations. There are two types of visible-light receiver: a photodiode and an image sensor. A photodiode is usually used as a reception device of VLC, and an image sensor consisting of a large number of pixels can also be used as a VLC reception device. A photodiode detects the signal intensity of incoming light, while an image sensor not only detects the incoming signal intensity but also an accurate angle of arrival of light emitted from a visible light transmitter such as a white LED light. After angles of arrival of light are detected by an image sensor, positioning and data reception can be performed. The ability of an image sensor to detect an accurate angle of arrival will provide attractive applications of VLC such as pose, position calculation, and range estimation. Furthermore, because the image sensor has the ability to spatially separate sources, outdoor positioning even with strong sunlight is possible by discarding the associated pixels of noise sources.
Managing computer networks using peer-to-peer technologies (2005)

Peer-to-peer systems and network management are usually related to each other because the traffic loads of P2P systems have to be controlled to avoid regular network services becoming unavailable due to network congestion. In this context, from a network operation point of view, P2P systems often mean problems. In this article we take a different perspective and look at P2P technologies as an alternative to improve current network management solutions. We introduce an approach where P2P networks are used as flexible interdomain distributed management systems able to provide facilities often absent in traditional management systems. We present three examples of P2P-based network management: how managed network views can be shared in a P2P network, how P2P-based application layer routing can improve connectivity between management entities, and how groups of peers can be used to process management tasks in a balanced way. Our main goal is to show that P2P technologies are a feasible tool for network management, and thus motivate further investigations on the subject.