gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Emergency Management of Adult Bacterial Meningitis (2004)

Over the last decade, new protein-conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (MenC) have had a dramatic effect on the epidemiology of childhood meningitis in the United Kingdom. Amongst adults, bacterial meningitis remains an important cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Clinicians need to remain vigilant for the possibility of this infection. The identification of the one patient with meningitis out of many with trivial viral infections remains a difficult task. Even once the diagnosis is made clinically, the subsequent investigation and management of the patient remains controversial, with strong opinions often influenced by one or two adverse experiences. Potential improvements in the way we identify and manage meningitis patients have been identified in recent years. This review will focus on those areas relevant to the emergency care specialist. Meningitis in the immunocompromised patient often has a different clinical and epidemiological pattern and is beyond the scope of this review.
QUARTERLY TECHNICAL REPORT FOR IN-MINE (IM) SYSTEM (2001)

A circuit that had been earlier lab-tested to eliminate multi-antenna interference in the In-mine (IM) system was fabricated, implemented and tested successfully in a system setting. An adaptive, tracking comb-filter for the through-the-earth (TTE) communications system was designed and implemented. This resulted in noticeable noise reduction. Studies for multi-channel transmission have begun.
Group tracking using genetic algorithms (2003)

A surveillance system needs to accurately locate and identifjt not only single targets, but also groups of targets engaged in a common activity. Most existing tracking systems are capable of tracking individual targets quite accurately; however, they fail to use information related to group behavior in order to improve these estimates. Additionally, in wide area surveillance situations a military operator is required to sort through hundreds to thousands of individual targets in order to develop an understanding of the situation. Having the ability to collapse the behavior of individual targets into a common, coordinated motion can greatly enhance the productively and situational awareness of the operator. Our long-term approach to solving this problem is to develop an understanding of how to dejine a group and then to understand the inter-relationships between the various characteristics that describe a group. Then using this information, we will be able to partition the set of target into groups that can be aggregated over the entire military force hierarchy. This goal of this paper is to describe an approach that is based upon genetic algorithms for solving the military force hierarchy problem. This paper will describe the underlying genetic algorithm, scoring firnction, and some initial results.
IL-8 expression in malignant melanoma: implications in growth and metastasis. (2000)

This review article has described briefly studies supporting the concept that IL-8 expression and its regulation by inflammatory cytokines like IL-1 may play an important role in controlling the phenotypes associated with melanoma progression and metastasis. It is clear from the experiments presented here that IL-8 is an important autocrine multifunctional cytokine that modulates melanoma/cell proliferation, migration by induction of extracellular matrix degradation enzymes and induces neovascularization, all of which are critical for melanoma growth and metastasis. In addition, their expression in melanoma tumor specimens suggests an association between IL-8 expression and tumor aggressiveness. Further, inflammatory cytokines produced by either tumor cells or stromal cells may regulate IL-8 expression, which can control melanoma growth and enhance our current knowledge regarding melanoma progression and metastasis. Understanding these events and their significance will allow us to design novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of melanoma.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Proteins in Neuropathogenesis of HIV Dementia (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the nervous system is unique when compared with other viral encephalitides. Neuronal cell loss occurs in the absence of neuronal infection. Viral proteins, termed "virotoxins," are released from the infected glial cells that initiate a cascade of positive feedback loops by activating uninfected microglial cells and astrocytes. These activated cells release a variety of toxic substances that result in neuronal dysfunction and cell loss. The virotoxins act by a hit and run phenomenon. Thus, a transient exposure to the proteins initiates the neurotoxic cascade. High concentrations of these proteins likely occur in tight extracellular spaces where they may cause direct neurotoxicity as well. The emerging concepts in viral protein-induced neurotoxicity are reviewed as are the neurotoxic potential of each protein. Future therapeutic strategies must target common mechanisms such as oxidative stress and dysregulation of intracellular calcium involved in virotoxin-mediated neurotoxicity.
Off-label abuse of antibiotics by bacteria (2014)

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance made news on several fronts in the past year. Many public health organizations, including the CDC, used terms such as "crisis", "catastrophic consequences", and "nightmare scenario" to highlight the rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. A report from the Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production, on the fifth anniversary of the publication of its landmark 2008 report, noted that state and federal legislative efforts to limit non-therapeutic use of antibiotics in animal production were thwarted by drug and food animal industries. In its lobbying disclosures, the Farm Bureau stated that such efforts to limit use of animal antibiotics were "based on emotion and no credible peer reviewed science." Meanwhile, there have been inexorable advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which antibiotics induce diversity and resistance in bacteria. This article reviews one study that probed the role of the bacterial general stress response in sub-inhibitory antibiotic-induced mutagenesis and antibiotic resistance.
Sales training basics (1992)

A primer for those new to selling. You'll explore the psychology of selling, questioning techniques, closing a sale, telephone selling, and more. Through a series of lively exercises you'll learn techniques of selling and the importance of a positive attitude and self-image. Coverage includes- To explain characteristics of successful salespeople To give tips on how to sell successfully To discuss specific selling situations
In vitro bone formation on a bone-like apatite layer prepared by a biomimetic process on a bioactive glass-ceramic (2000)

In this study we have investigated the behavior of fetal rat osteoblasts, cultured up to 23 days, on a bioactive apatite-wollastonite (AW) glass-ceramic and on the same material on which a carbonated apatite layer had been formed by a biomimetic process (AWa). At the last day of culture, the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase activity, as determined biochemically, was about 30% greater on AWa compared with AW disks. After the cell layers had been scraped off, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations of the materials' surfaces revealed that mineralized bone nodules remained attached to both surfaces but in larger amounts on AWa. X-ray microanalysis indicated the presence of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the bone tissue throughout the AWa surface and Ca, P, and silicon (Si) on the AW surface. The AW/ and AWa/bone interfaces also were analyzed after fracturing of the disks. The interfacial analysis showed firm bone bonding to the AW and AWa surfaces, confirmed by the X-ray microanalytic mappings. These results indicate the importance of surface composition in supporting differentiation of osteogenic cells and the subsequent apposition of bone matrix, which allows a strong bond of the bioactive materials to the bone. Furthermore, prefabrication of a biologic apatite layer by a method that mimics biomineralization could find application to bone-repairing materials.
<title>Target detection and intelligent image compression</title> (2000)

This novel approach uses automatic target detection together with compression techniques to achieve intelligent compression by exploiting knowledge of the image content. Two techniques have been experimented with one using horizontal-vertical (HV) partitioned quadtrees the other a variant of entropy called approximate entropy. The object masks that are generated using either of the techniques (or indeed other feature detectors) effectively cue potential areas of interest for subsequent encoding using two 'intelligent' image compression techniques. In the first approach, lossless compression algorithms can be applied to regions of interest within the images so that their statistical properties can be preserved to allow detailed analysis or further processing while the remainder of the image can be compressed with lossy algorithms. The degree of lossy compression is dependent both on the information content as well as the bandwidth requirement. In the second approach a wavelet-based decomposition is applied in which selective destruction of wavelet coefficients is performed outside the cued areas of interest (in effect concentrating the wavelets in required areas) prior to the encoding with a version of the progressive SPIHT encoder. Results will illustrate how both these approaches can be used for the detection and compression of airborne reconnaissance imagery.
Addition of ascorbate during cryopreservation stimulates subsequent embryo development (2002)

These data indicate that the addition of 0.1 mmol/l ascorbate to the cryopreservation solutions for the mammalian embryo would be of significant value.
A Novel Method to Fabricate Polymer Porous Membrane by Hot-Pressing Process (2014)

A novel method called hot-pressing method of preparing porous membrane was firstly reported in this paper. Compared with other method such as none-solvent induced phase separation method, melt-spinning and cold-stretching method, the hot-pressing method was simple, easy to operate, environment-friendly. First, a silica needle arrays (SNA) template with a hexagonal close-packed structure was prepared by TAFE method. Then the SNA template was used to press into the plastic wrap in order to form the uniform pores. After that, a uniform porous membrane was prepared. The diameter of the porous membrane was affected by the pressure of hot-pressing as well as the hot-pressing temperature.
The use of once-daily dosing of gentamicin in obstetrics and gynecology (1998)

Gentamicin is a widely-used antimicrobial agent for obstetric and gynecologic infections. Renewed excitement in this antibiotic has arisen from recent information supporting less frequent dosing. In this symposium, we will describe the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and review new information advocating the use of once-daily administration of gentamicin.
Difficulty of selecting among multilevel models using predictive accuracy (2015)

As a simple and compelling approach for estimating outof-sample prediction error, cross-validation naturally lends itself to the task of model comparison. However, even with moderate sample size, it can be surprisingly difficult to compare multilevel models based on predictive accuracy. Using a hierarchical model fit to large survey data with a battery of questions, we demonstrate that even though cross-validation might give good estimates of pointwise out-of-sample prediction error, it is not always a sensitive instrument for model comparison.
Method for Decellularizing Skeletal Muscle Without Detergents or Proteolytic Enzymes (2010)

Decellularized skeletal muscle is a promising model that can be used to study cell-matrix interactions and changes that occur in muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) in myopathies and muscle wasting diseases. The goal of this study is to develop a novel method to decellularize skeletal muscle that maintains the native biochemical composition and structure of the ECM. This method consists of sequential incubation of mouse tibialis anterior muscles in latrunculin B, high ionic strength salt solution, and DNase I and avoids use of proteases or detergents that degrade the ECM. Characterization of the decellularized muscles using hematoxylin and eosin staining along with DNA quantification suggested complete removal of DNA, whereas biochemical analyses indicated no loss of collagens and only a slight reduction in glycosaminoglycans. Western blot analysis of decellularized tissues showed removal of the vast majority of the contractile proteins actin and myosin, and morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy suggested removal of myofibers from decellularized muscle tissues. Passive mechanical testing of decellularized muscle bundles revealed the typical nonlinear behavior, similar to that of intact muscle. Together, these results suggest that the protocol developed successfully decellularizes skeletal muscle without altering its composition and mechanical function.
Adaptive mesh generation applied to switched-reluctance motor design (1992)

The design of switched-reluctance motors (SRMs) requires the calculation of the phase flux linkage of the motor as a function of rotor position and exciting current. The authors describe a new method to establish this variation using finite element techniques. The mesh preparation, boundary source and material data, equation solution, and extraction of machine data from the solution are all done completely automatically. The designer is thus removed from the numerical analysis chores that, formerly, greatly reduced effectiveness. The method has also been applied to flux linkage against position determination in permanent magnet machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distributed Consensus Filtering in Sensor Networks (2009)

In this paper, a new filtering problem for sensor networks is investigated. A new type of distributed consensus filters is designed, where each sensor can communicate with the neighboring sensors, and filtering can be performed in a distributed way. In the pinning control approach, only a small fraction of sensors need to measure the target information, with which the whole network can be controlled. Furthermore, pinning observers are designed in the case that the sensor can only observe partial target information. Simulation results are given to verify the designed distributed consensus filters.
A Pulse Amperometric Sensor for the Measurement of Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide (1996)

Gaseous H(2)O(2) is sampled through a Nafion membrane diffusion scrubber while 1 mM HCl is maintained stationary in the scrubber. After a preselected preconcentration time (typically, 5-10 min), a valve is opened to allow the scrubber liquid to flow by gravity over an electrochemical H(2)O(2) sensor for a brief period. The miniature flow-over sensor consists of a Pt/Rh wire working electrode and a Pt wire counter electrode wound respectively on separate segments of a Nafion solid polymer electrolyte tubing supported on a Ag/AgCl wire reference electrode. A simple electronic interface and a personal computer are used to control and record the electrochemical measurement. The liquid phase detection limit for this sensor is ∼30 nM H(2)O(2) in the anodic oxidation mode. For a 9 min gas sample preconcentration period, the LOD (S/N = 3 criterion) is 0.11 ppbv H(2)O(2)(g). Ambient H(2)O(2) data obtained with this instrument were in excellent agreement with those obtained by an established fluorometric technique in a blind intercomparison.
Exploring and analyzing documents with OLAP (2012)

When faced with a document collection of substantial size, it is difficult for users to explore and analyze the information contained in it. Tagging has been used to improve the organization of documents in a collection, but it has various limitations. We propose to improve the analysis and exploration of tagged document collections by organizing the documents into clusters and allowing users to perform online analytical processing on the clusters. However, supporting OLAP on clusters of documents poses various challenges that need to be addressed. These challenges include providing efficient representations for cluster centroids and document positions inside the clusters, dealing with overlapping clusters, efficient and accurate aggregation of clusters, providing functionality for helping users find representative documents for a cluster, and determining the strength of relationship between clusters.
A Newly Developed Immunoisolated Bioartificial Pancreas with Cell Sheet Engineering (2008)

The term "immunoisolation" refers to the encapsulation of a graft in a selectively permeable membrane. Encapsulation of cellular grafts may provide a way to protect the graft from immune attack without the need for immunosuppressive agents. Although numerous types of artificial materials have been used for encapsulating membranes, their incomplete biocompatibility causes foreign body reaction against the membranes. A new technique has been developed, called cell sheet engineering using temperature-responsive culture dishes, that allows the use of living cells as an immunoisolating membrane in this study. Using this method, the cultured cells can be easily harvested in the shape of a sheet by a simple change of the temperature without the use of proteolytic enzymes. A cell sheet can be created with three-dimensional structure by making multiple cell sheet layers. In this study, a new technique of macroencapsulation (bioartificial organs) has been developed using chondrocyte sheets. Among the various candidate cells, pancreatic islet cells were selected for a bioartificial organ in this study. A chondrocyte sheeting immunodelusive immunoisolated bioartificial pancreas (CSI-BAP) was manufactured by means of cell sheet engineering. An auricular cartilage, which is a histologically elastic cartilage from dogs (beagle), was used as a source of immunoisolating membrane. CSI-BAP was made by multilayering the chondrocyte sheets, and the donor's islets were located between each sheet. Islets were isolated and prepared from the dog (ALLO-model) and Brown Norway (BN) rat (XENO-model). The CSI-BAP was cultured for 83 days and the cultured medium was collected every 24 h to measure the insulin concentrations. The CSI-BAP was examined histologically using hematoxyhin and eosin (H&E), and azan dye staining. In addition, immunohistochemical staining was performed to demonstrate the insulin production of CSI-BAP. Insulin secretion of CSI-BAP on day 16 was reduced to 21.4% of the insulin secretion level of day 10, which was the start point of measurement. Although a gradual reduction was observed, insulin secretion was maintained for 3 months. The CSI-BAP was capable of secreting insulin to the culture medium during the observation period. Histological evaluations demonstrated the good viability of the islets, and immunohistochemistry showed the positive staining of insulin. This novel technology may be used for other kinds of endocrine cells or hepatocytes, which may become the models for immunoisolated bioartificial organs in the near future.
4G Wireless Video Communications (2009)

A comprehensive presentation of the video communication techniques and systems, this book examines 4G wireless systems which are set to revolutionise ubiquitous multimedia communication.4G Wireless Video Communications covers the fundamental theory and looks at systems descriptions with a focus on digital video. It addresses the key topics associated with multimedia communication on 4G networks, including advanced video coding standards, error resilience and error concealment techniques, as well as advanced content-analysis and adaptation techniques for video communications, cross-layer design and optimization frameworks and methods. It also provides a high-level overview of the digital video compression standard MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 that is expected to play a key role in 4G networks. Material is presented logically allowing readers to turn directly to specific points of interest. The first half of the book covers fundamental theory and systems, while the second half moves onto advanced techniques and applications. This book is a timely reflection of the latest advances in video communications for 4G wireless systems. One of the first books to study the latest video communications developments for emerging 4G wireless systems Considers challenges and techniques in video delivery over 4G wireless systems Examines system architecture, key techniques and related standards of advanced wireless multimedia applications Written from both the perspective of industry and academia
Facile fabrication of a near-infrared responsive nanocarrier for spatiotemporally controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy (2014)

Remote-controlled nanocarriers for drug delivery are of great promise to provide timely, sensitive and spatiotemporally selective treatments for cancer therapy. Due to convenient and precise manipulation, deep penetration through tissues and excellent biocompatibility, near-infrared (NIR) irradiation is a preferred external stimulus for triggering the release of loaded drugs. In this work, for spatiotemporally controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy, a NIR responsive nanocarrier was fabricated using reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rNGO) decorated with mesoporous silica shell and the subsequent functionalization of the thermoresponsive polymer brushes (pNIPAM-co-pAAm) at the outlet of the silica pore channels. rNGO, which combined with the mesoporous silica shell provide a high loading capacity for anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, DOX), was assigned to sense NIR irradiation for the manipulation of pNIPAM-co-pAAm valve to control the diffusion of loaded DOX. Under NIR irradiation, rNGO would generate heat, which could not only elevate the surrounding temperature over the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of pNIPAM-co-pAAm to open the thermoresponsive polymer valve and promote the diffusion of DOX, but also kill the cancer cells through the hypothermia effect. By manipulating NIR irradiation, the nanocarrier exhibited efficiently controlled release of loaded DOX both in the buffer and in living HeLa cells (the model cancer cells), providing powerful and site-targeted treatments, which can be attributed to synergistic effects of chemo-photothermal therapy. To sum up, this novel nanocarrier is an excellent drug delivery platform in remote-controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy via NIR irradiation.
Data services on PCN (1995)

Personal communication networks (PCNs) are already operating in the UK and a few other countries, and new PCNs are planned for commencement of service during the next two or three years in several countries around the world. These networks operate according to the DCS-1800 standard developed by ETSI members. This paper provides a brief overview of the data services which can be supported by PCNs, and goes into a more detailed description of the operation and applications for the data messaging services known as Short Message Service and Cell Broadcast Service. >