gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomics in prevention of diabetic cardiovascular disease: utilization of the haptoglobin genotype in determining benefit from vitamin E (2007)

Numerous large clinical trials have been carried out over the past several years testing the ability of the antioxidant vitamin E to prevent diabetic cardiovascular disease. Meta-analysis of these studies has demonstrated that vitamin E does not provide any cardiovascular protection and may be associated with an increase in mortality. However, these studies did not address possible benefit to subgroups with increased oxidative stress. In this review we provide supporting clinical evidence and a mechanistic basis for utilizing a genetic marker, the haptoglobin genotype, in determining whether vitamin E therapy may or may not be beneficial for a given patient with diabetes.
Novel continuously tunable high spectral resolution optical filter for two-dimensional imaging (2001)

Despite the existence of a variety of optical filters for the separation of spectral components in a multicolor image, a filter that is both continuously wavelength tunable and capable of high spectral resolution while preserving the spatial integrity of a two-dimensional image is not currently available. We present, in this article, the introduction of a novel optical filtering concept that permits the development of such a system. Both the concept and its implementation in an optical-fiber-based prototype that converts two-dimensional images to a one-dimensional array followed by interconversion for image reconstruction are presented. The performance of the prototype is analyzed using both a xenon arc lamp as a standard broadband illumination source as well as He–Ne and Ar lasers as sources of coherent radiation. An unoptimized throughput efficiency of approximately 30% and a bandwidth of 6 Å without spectral leakage or spatial crosstalk is obtained over the entire investigated tuning range from 430 to 807 nm. Potential applications of such an optical filtration system, with wavelength tunability on the angstrom scale and potential spatial resolutions in the micrometer range, using suitable optical imaging are discussed.
A Machine Learning-Based Framework for Building Application Failure Prediction Models (2015)

In this paper, we present the Framework for building Failure Prediction Models (F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PM), a Machine Learning-based Framework to build models for predicting the Remaining Time to Failure (RTTF) of applications in the presence of software anomalies. F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PM uses measurements of a number of system features in order to create a knowledge base, which is then used to build prediction models. F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PM is application-independent, i.e. It solely exploits measurements of system-level features. Thus, it can be used in differentiated contexts, without the need for any manual modification or intervention to the running applications. To generate optimized models, F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PM can perform a feature selection to identify, among all the measured system features, which have a major impact in the prediction of the RTTF. This allows to produce different models, which use different set of input features. Generated models can be compared by the user by using a set of metrics produced by F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PM, which are related to the model prediction accuracy, as well as to the model building time. We also present experimental results of a successful application of F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PM, using the standard TPC-W e-commerce benchmark.
<i>Bacillus subtilis ilvB</i> operon: an intersection of global regulons (2005)

The genes of the major Bacillus subtilis operon (ilvB) for biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids are subject to multiple mechanisms of regulation. The global regulatory proteins CodY and TnrA bind upstream of the transcription start site and are likely to control transcription initiation, leucine-specific tRNA regulates transcriptional elongation, and unknown factors differentially cleave the full-length mRNA. Another global regulator, CcpA, known to be required for ilvB transcription, was shown here to act directly at the ilvB promoter by a novel mechanism. Although CcpA was able to bind to the ilvB promoter region, it stimulated transcription significantly only when CodY was present, suggesting that CcpA acts primarily by interfering with repression by CodY. Additionally, CcpA was shown to control indirectly the expression of other CodY-regulated target genes, apparently by altering the intracellular level of branched-chain amino acids.
Scientific lineage and object-based storage systems (2009)

The lineage of scientific data refers to the linkage of a data set with the input and algorithms used to generate it. The input data, the algorithms, and the output data can be represented by nodes in a lineage graph; the child node (the output data) is connected by uni-directional arcs to the parent nodes (the inputs and the algorithm). Lineage graphs provide reproducibility as well as navigation back to original inputs and algorithms. Storage system technologies can be tremendously helpful in the storage and management of data lineage information. Recent developments in the storage industry can assist in the creation of lineage graphs. Object-addressable storage (OAS) systems can unify data with its lineage; the eXtensible Access Method (XAM) can serve as an industry standard access method for manipulating these united objects. Object-addressable storage systems can be mounted as cloud storage devices. These devices are capable of providing lineage functionality to provenance-aware applications.
Rapid long-period grating formation in hydrogen-loadedfibrewith 157 nm F <sub>2</sub> -laser radiation (2000)

Long-period gratings were fabricated in hydrogen-loaded telecommunication fibre using 157 nm F2-laser radiation. A >20 dB attenuation peak at 1590 nm was induced with only 5.0 J/cm2 accumulated fluence, a value > 250-fold smaller in comparison with fluence requirements for 248 nm KrF-laser irradiation.
A simple and inexpensive membrane “lung” for small organ perfusion (1974)

A disposable coil of thin-walled Silastic tubing, permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, functioned as a "lung" for perfusion of isolated rat liver. This "lung," which can be easily assembled from laboratory supplies, has a number of advantages over devices that utilize large air-liquid interfaces for gas exchange. Rates of hepatic lipoprotein triglyceride secretion, comparable to those obtained with more complex oxygenation systems, are achieved with this simple device.
Global Analysis of Short RNAs Reveals Widespread Promoter-Proximal Stalling and Arrest of Pol II in <i>Drosophila</i> (2009)

Emerging evidence indicates that gene expression in higher organisms is regulated by RNA polymerase II stalling during early transcription elongation. To probe the mechanisms responsible for this regulation, we developed methods to isolate and characterize short RNAs derived from stalled RNA polymerase II in Drosophila cells. Significant levels of these short RNAs were generated from more than one-third of all genes, indicating that promoter-proximal stalling is a general feature of early polymerase elongation. Nucleotide composition of the initially transcribed sequence played an important role in promoting transcriptional stalling by rendering polymerase elongation complexes highly susceptible to backtracking and arrest. These results indicate that the intrinsic efficiency of early elongation can greatly affect gene expression.
Computational studies of elementary steps relating to boron doping during diamond chemical vapour deposition (2005)

Density functional theory-based electronic structure computations on small models of the diamond {100} surface have enabled prediction of the energetics and activation parameters of a number of plausible mechanistic steps for boron incorporation into, and boron loss from, the growing diamond surface. Initial proving calculations for the carbon-only case show, as in previous work, that the rate-limiting step for diamond growth involves opening of a five-membered ring species, and subsequent closure to form six-membered rings as in bulk diamond. The five-membered ring intermediate arises following 2 x 1 reconstruction of the {100} surface, or at steps on the {111} surface. Diamond growth arises as a result of successful competition between the ring-opening step and a two-carbon loss step, both of which involve significant activation barriers. In the boron case, we find that BH(x) (x = 0-3) species can all bind to radical sites on the diamond {100} surface to form stable adducts. Interconversion between the surface bound BH, species is facile at the H and H2 number densities and temperatures typical for diamond CVD conditions. B incorporation can occur by a ring expansion mechanism, as in the all-carbon case, and by direct insertion of surface bound BH (and B) species into the C-C bond on the diamond {100} surface. BH(x) loss processes identified include release of surface bound BH3 and/or CH2BH species into the gas phase. Both B incorporation into, and B loss from, the diamond {100} surface are deduced to be significantly less energy demanding than the corresponding carbon addition and loss processes.
A Combined PD-1/C5a Blockade Synergistically Protects against Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis (2017)

Disruption of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) pathway with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. We hypothesized that combined inhibition of C5a/C5aR1 and PD-1 signaling may have a synergistic antitumor effect. The RMP1-14 antibody was used to block PD-1, and an L-aptamer was used to inhibit signaling of complement C5a with its receptors. Using syngeneic models of lung cancer, we demonstrate that the combination of C5a and PD-1 blockade markedly reduces tumor growth and metastasis and leads to prolonged survival. This effect is accompanied by a negative association between the frequency of CD8 T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells within tumors, which may result in a more complete reversal of CD8 T-cell exhaustion. Our study provides support for the clinical evaluation of anti-PD-1 and anti-C5a drugs as a novel combination therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.<b>Significance:</b> Using a variety of preclinical models of lung cancer, we demonstrate that the blockade of C5a results in a substantial improvement in the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies against lung cancer growth and metastasis. This study provides the preclinical rationale for the combined blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and C5a to restore antitumor immune responses, inhibit tumor cell growth, and improve outcomes of patients with lung cancer. <i>Cancer Discov; 7(7); 694-703. ©2017 AACR.</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653</i>.
Characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus activation of human B lymphocytes. (1981)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) will infect at least every third cell if exposed in vitro to an extensively purified B cell population from human peripheral blood. About 10% of such infected cells will be driven into immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion, as judged by the indirect protein A plaque assay. The appearance of EB nuclear antigen, de novo DNA synthesis, and immunoglobulin secretion are linked phenomena accompanying infection as judged by viral dilution experiments, which yield kinetics of a one-hit order. Induction of immunoglobulin secretion in B cells by EBV requires de novo synthesis of DNA, and consequently, nontransforming EBV (P3HR1) will not induce immunoglobulin secretion and will also specifically block such induction from subsequently added EBV. The termination of immunoglobulin induction by EBV in short-term cultures appears to be T cell dependent.
Developing Custom Chinese Hamster Ovary-host Cell Protein Assays using Acoustic Membrane Microparticle Technology (2011)

Custom assays for unique proteins are often limited to time consuming manual detection and quantitation techniques such as ELISA or Western blots due to the complexity of development on alternate platforms. BioScale's proprietary Acoustic Membrane MicroParticle (AMMP) technology allows sandwich immunoassays to be easily developed for use on the ViBE platform, providing better sensitivity, reproducibility, and automated operation. Provided as an example, this protocol outlines the procedure for developing a custom Chinese Hamster Ovary- Host Cell Protein (CHO-HCP) assay. The general principles outlined here can be followed for the development of a wide variety of immunoassays. An AMMP assay measures antigen concentration by measuring changes in oscillation frequency caused by the binding of microparticles to the sensor surface to calculate. It consists of four major components: (1) a cartridge that contains a functionalized eight sensor chip (2) antibody labeled magnetic microparticles, (3) hapten tagged antibody that binds to the surface of the functionalized chip (4) samples containing the antigen of interest. BioScale's biosensor is a resonant device that contains eight individual membranes with separate fluidic paths. The membranes change oscillation frequency in response to mass accumulating on the surface and this frequency change is used to quantitate the amount of added mass. To facilitate use in a wide variety of immunoassays the sensor is functionalized with an anti-hapten antibody. Assay specific antibodies are modified through the covalent conjugation of a hapten tag to one antibody and biotin to the other. The biotin label is used to bind the antibody to streptavidin coupled magnetic beads which, in combination with the hapten-tagged antibody, are used to capture the analyte in a sandwich. The complex binds to the chip through the anti-hapten/hapten interaction. At the end of each assay run the sensors are cleaned with a dilute acid enabling the sequential analysis of columns from a 96-well plate. Here, we present the method for developing a custom CHO-HCP AMMP assay for bioprocess development. Developing AMMP assays or modifying existing assays into AMMP assays can provide better performance (reproducibility, sensitivity) in complex samples and reduced operator time. The protocol shows the steps for development and the discussion section reviews representative results. For a more in-depth explanation of assay optimization and customization parameters contact BioScale. This kit offers generic bioprocess development assays such as Residual Protein A, Product titer, and CHO-HCP.
Chemistry and biological activities of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) and transition metal complexes (2007)

The advent of CO as a small molecule that, in addition to NO, elicits essential biological functions has initiated the search for compounds and complexes capable of releasing CO in a well defined manner under physiological conditions. Since some pharmacological and therapeutic effects of CO have been established in preclinical studies, tailor-made CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) which could be utilized as pharmaceuticals could be of great benefit for many patients. Release of CO(2) is one of the most common features in chemistry and NO producing molecules are very well established but compounds with CO-releasing properties are rare. Some of the more promising candidates and molecules under study are discussed in this article. Furthermore, molecules that possess intrinsic features to serve as potential CO-RMs and merit in depth investigations are proposed. The focus is thereby on main group compounds and on transition element complexes. It should be emphasized that CORMs not only have encouraging prospects as therapeutic agents but may also be significant for synthetic pathways to novel complexes containing the CO ligand. To underline the prospects of CORMs, the chemical part is embedded in a biological and medicinal context.
Neuregulin-1 and Myelination (2006)

The trigger for the process of myelin formation during neural development has long been a mystery. Recent studies suggest that this trigger is the growth factor neuregulin-1, expressed on the surface of axons, which signals through ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors expressed on the surface of myelin-forming glia.
Recombination Between Repeated Genes In Microorganisms (1988)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
Polymorphism in the 2‐(4‐morpholinothio) benzothiazole (1978)

Abstract The existence of two conformational isomers (A and B) with different crystal structures in 2‐(4‐morpholinothio) benzothiazole is shown. The melting temperatures of the two conformers are 345° and 357° K, respectively. The difference between the values of the melting enthalpies and entropies gives an indication of the two isomers flexibility whose proportion depends on the thermal history of the sample.
Scalable dynamic binary instrumentation for Blue Gene/L (2005)

Dynamic binary instrumentation for performance analysis on new, large scale architectures such as the IBM Blue Gene/L system (BG/L) poses new challenges. Their scale---with potentially hundreds of thousands of compute nodes---requires new, more scalable mechanisms to deploy and to organize binary instrumentation and to collect the resulting data gathered by the inserted probes. Further, many of these new machines don't support full operating systems on the compute nodes; rather, they rely on light-weight custom compute kernels that do not support daemon-based implementations.We describe the design and current status of a new implementation of the DPCL (Dynamic Probe Class Library) API for BG/L. DPCL provides an easy to use layer for dynamic instrumentation on parallel MPI applications based on the DynInst dynamic instrumentation mechanism for sequential platforms. Our work includes modifying DynInst to control instrumentation from remote I/O nodes and porting DPCL's communication to use MRNet, a scalable data reduction network for collecting performance data. We describe extensions to the DPCL API that support instrumentation of task subsets and aggregation of collected performance data. Overall, our implementation provides a scalable infrastructure that provides efficient binary instrumentation on BG/L.
Clustering Word Pairs to Answer Analogy Questions (2008)

Abstract. We focus on answering word analogy questions by using clustering techniques. The increased performance in answering word similarity questions can have many possible applications, including question answering and information retrieval. We present an analysis of clustering algorithms ’ performance on answering word similarity questions. This paper’s contributions can be summarized as: (i) casting the problem of solving word analogy questions as an instance of learning clusterings of data and measuring the effectiveness of prominent clustering techniques in learning semantic relations; (ii) devising a heuristic approach to combine the results of different clusterings for the purpose of distinctly separating word pair semantics; (iii) answering SAT-type word similarity questions using our technique. 1
Control of an optimized power flow in wind power plants with doubly-fed induction generators (2004)

The doubly-fed induction generator machine is one of the most widely used generator in the MW-class windmills producing a considerable amount of energy from wind. Its control through the rotor slip-rings with a back-to-back converter enables, together with the maximum active power flow, the distribution of the required reactive power between stator, rotor, and mains. This splitting can be chosen in order to minimise the system losses and avoid overloading the system components. Hence an optimised efficiency of high power windmills using this kind of generator brings a significant improvement on the yearly energy production.
[Immunotherapy in the treatment of cancers]. (1996)

The recent discovery of the molecular structure of tumor antigens expressed by melanoma cells has contributed to the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at stimulating anti-tumor immunity. The first clinical trials in patients with cancer involved systemic administration of interleukin 2 alone or in combination with alpha-interferon or other chemotherapy agents. Objective clinical responses were observed in 15 to 25% of the patients with melanomas or renal cell cancer. In order to improve these encouraging early results, different clinical protocols are being evaluated with the goal of increasing intra-tumoral concentrations of the administered cytokines. Better optimization of methods for immunizing against specific tumor antigens naturally leads to the transition from non-specific stimulation of the human immune system to tumor antigen specific immunotherapy.
Developing a Millifluidic Platform for the Synthesis of Ultrasmall Nanoclusters: Ultrasmall Copper Nanoclusters as a Case Study (2012)

The future of lab-on-a-chip devices for the synthesis of nanomaterials hinges on the successful development of high-throughput methods with better control over their size. While significant effort in this direction mainly focuses on developing "difficult to fabricate" complex microfluidic reactors, scant attention has been paid to the "easy to fabricate" and simple millifluidic systems that could provide the required control as well as high throughput. By utilizing numerical simulation of fluids within the millifluidic space at different flow rates, the results presented here show velocity profiles and residence time distributions similar to the case of microfluidics. By significantly reducing the residence time and residence time distribution, a continuous flow synthesis of ultrasmall copper nanoclusters (UCNCs) with exceptional colloidal stability is achieved. In-situ synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal that the as-prepared clusters are about 1 nm, which is further supported by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy studies. The clusters reported here are the smallest ever produced using a lab-on-a-chip platform. When supported on silica, they are found to efficiently catalyze C-H oxidation reactions, hitherto unknown to be catalyzed by Cu. This work suggests that a millifluidic platform can be an inexpensive, versatile, easy-to-use, and powerful tool for nanoparticle synthesis in general, and more specifically for ultrasmall nanoclusters (UNCs).
Miniaturized W slot ultra wide band microstrip antenna for short distance communication (2017)

UWB is an emerging technology and has numerous applications in different fields in this digital era. As we know that the range of UWB exist are 3.1GHz-10.6 GHz but some narrow band applications also exist in this range and causes interference to Ultra Wideband applications. In this proposed work a novel UWB antenna is integrated with W shape notch to reduce interference which mainly occurs at 5 GHz due to WLAN (IEEE 802.11a) and it also cover U-NII band (5.15-5.85 GHz). The proposed antenna is designed using FR-4 substrate, size of proposed antenna is 25×20 mm2 which makes it very compact and thickness is 1.6mm and fed through micro strip line to achieve better impedance matching. The range of proposed antenna is 3.4 GHz to 11 GHz and return loss of 36 dB at resonant frequency is 4.4 GHz observed for the proposed antenna and achieve VSWR <;2. The proposed antenna is well suited for the wireless USB.