gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cavitation on the Nozzle Outlet Flow, Spray and Flame Formation in a Diesel Engine (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel injector nozzles with different geometries have been investigated, firstly to study the effect of cavitation on the flow at the exit of the nozzle, and secondly to see its effect on the spray and the consequent flame formation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The flow at the exit of the nozzle was characterized by measuring both the injection rate and the momentum flux for a wide range of typical engine's rail and cylinder pressures. The injection rate is directly affected by cavitation and it will become choked when this phenomenon appears. The measurement of the momentum flux can be combined with the injection rate to derive the velocity at the nozzle exit. The momentum flux does not seem to be influenced by the appearance of cavitation. Apart from this hydraulic characterization, the different nozzles have also been mounted on an engine with optical access to the combustion chamber. During these tests, the spray, its vaporization and combustion were visualized and recorded with a high resolution camera. Also tests have been carried out in a single cylinder engine to study the differences in combustion law between the different nozzle geometries.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">From the measurements it was possible to observe an important increase in the exit velocity, and a decrease of the flow density at the nozzle outlet, when cavitation occurred. The visualization on the optical engine allowed characterizing the effect of these exit velocity and density changes on the spray's liquid length and flame geometry. It was observed that cylindrical nozzles, as opposed to non-cavitating conical ones, show a significant decrease in liquid length when cavitation becomes stronger, due to the fact that the exit velocity increases and the aperture angle of the spray becomes larger. Studying the combustion law, showed that the cylindrical nozzle at non-cavitating conditions (low injection pressure) has a slower apparent combustion time, which is in agreement with the observations made from the visualization experiments.</div>
The guinea‐pig distal colon ‐ a sensitive preparation for the investigation of 5‐HT<sub>4</sub>receptor‐mediated contractions (1993)

1. Experiments were designed to characterize pharmacologically the contractile responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the guinea-pig isolated distal colon longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation (LMMP). 2. In the presence of methiothepin (100 nM) and granisetron (1 microM), 5-HT (10 pM-10 nM) produced concentration-dependent contractile responses of the guinea-pig distal colon LMMP, with a pEC50 of 9.2 +/- 0.08. 3. Responses to 5-HT were mimicked by a series of tryptamine analogues, with the following rank order of potency; 5-HT > 5-MeOT >> 5-CT > tryptamine > 2-Me-5-HT. All were found to be full agonists. 4. Responses to 5-HT were also mimicked by a series of substituted benzamide analogues. Their rank order of potency was 5-HT > renzapride > cisapride > (S)-zacopride > (R)-zacopride > metoclopramide. All were full agonists relative to 5-HT. 5. The benzimidazolone derivatives, BIMU 1 and BIMU 8 were approximately equipotent partial agonists (intrinsic activities of 0.8 +/- 0.07 and 0.5 +/- 0.08 respectively) in the guinea-pig distal colon. 6. Tropisetron produced a rightward displacement of the 5-HT concentration-effect curve, yielding an apparent pA2 of 6.4 +/- 0.1. The slope of the Schild plot (1.3 +/- 0.1) was significantly greater than unity. 7. SDZ 205,557 produced a concentration-dependent shift to the right of the 5-HT concentration-response curve, yielding an estimated pA2 of 7.8 +/- 0.1 and a slope which did not significantly deviate from unity. SDZ 205 557 produced similar pKB estimates (7.3-7.9) when tested against 5-MeOT,renzapride and 5-CT, indicating a common site of action.8. The pharmacological profile of the 5-HT-evoked contractions of the guinea-pig distal colon LMMPare consistent with activity at the 5-HT4 receptor. Furthermore, of the models of this receptor described in the literature, the guinea-pig distal colon appears to be the most sensitive model to date, making it a useful tool in the investigation of 5-HT4 receptor-mediated events.
New Saponins from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis. (1999)

Eight new acylated polyhydroxyoleanene triterpenoidal saponins, aesculiosides A-H (1-8), along with four known ones, have been isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. On the basis of extensive NMR studies, the structures of the new compounds were determined to be 21-O-tigloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]- beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl acid (1), 21-O-angeloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl acid (2), 21,22-O-ditigloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)][beta-d-glucopyranosyl- (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl acid (3), 21-O-tigloyl-22-O-angeloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl acid (4), 21,22-O-ditigloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-methyl beta-d-glucuronopyranosate (5), 21-O-tigloyl-22-O-angeloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-methy l beta-D-glucuronopyranosate (6), 21-O-tigloyl-28-O-acetylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-methy l beta-D-glucuronopyranosate (7) and 21-O-angeloyl-28-O-acetylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-methy l beta-D-glucuronopyranosate (8).
Snapshots March / April 2017 (2017)

President Tsai returns from Central America

President Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文) returned Jan. 15 to Taiwan from an official visit to Republic of China (Taiwan) diplomatic allies Honduras, Nicaragua, Guate...
The Production of a New MAGE-3 Peptide Presented to Cytolytic T Lymphocytes by HLA-B40 Requires the Immunoproteasome (2002)

By stimulating human CD8(+) T lymphocytes with autologous dendritic cells infected with an adenovirus encoding MAGE-3, we obtained a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone that recognized a new MAGE-3 antigenic peptide, AELVHFLLL, which is presented by HLA-B40. This peptide is also encoded by MAGE-12. The CTL clone recognized MAGE-3--expressing tumor cells only when they were first treated with IFN-gamma. Since this treatment is known to induce the exchange of the three catalytic subunits of the proteasome to form the immunoproteasome, this result suggested that the processing of this MAGE-3 peptide required the immunoproteasome. Transfection experiments showed that the substitution of beta5i (LMP7) for beta5 is necessary and sufficient for producing the peptide, whereas a mutated form of beta5i (LMP7) lacking the catalytically active site was ineffective. Mass spectrometric analyses of in vitro digestions of a long precursor peptide with either proteasome type showed that the immunoproteasome produced the antigenic peptide more efficiently, whereas the standard proteasome more efficiently introduced cleavages destroying the antigenic peptide. This is the first example of a tumor-specific antigen exclusively presented by tumor cells expressing the immunoproteasome.
Physiology of Plasminogen: With Special Reference to Activation and Degradation (1988)

Plasminogen is said to be synthesized in many organs, but the major source of its production is considered to be the liver. The production of plasminogen is observed in fetal life, but its plasma level is low in new born infants, rising rapidly to attain adult levels in about 13 weeks. The plasma levels do not change much with age. Although the fibrinolytic enzyme system is influenced by many factors such as hormones, exercise, emotion, age, sex, nutritional states etc., the plasma levels of plasminogen are relatively stable. In this presentation we would like to discuss three important subjects related to the physiology of plasminogen. The first subject is the activation pathway of the native form of plasminogen (Glu-plg) by various activators in the plasma or clotted plasma. Glu-plg was not easily activated by activators such as urokinase (UK) or tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), but activated very easily in the presence of fibrin clot. In the presence of purified clot, Glu-plg was partly activated by activators to Glu-plasmin, but also converted to Lys-plg by preformed plasmin, subsequently being activated to plasmin. Glu-plg I (containing two carbohydrate chains) changed conformation more easily upon interaction with fibrin than Glu-plg II (containing one carbohydrate chain) and Glu-plg I was also more easily activated by activators than Glu-plg II. Although Glu-plg was hardly activated by activators in the plasma, Glu-plg was activated easily in the presence of plasma clot. Results of immunoblotting experiments indicated that Glu-plg was mainly activated by activators directly to plasmin, not via Lys-plg in contrast to purified systems. The second subject is the degradation of plasminogen by elastase. Plasminogen may be degraded by proteolytic enzymes such as cathepsin or elastase. The degradation of plasminogen by elastase is shown to give rise to K1 to K3, K4, and mini-plg (containing K5). We have shown that the degradation rate to Glu-plg by elastase increased in the presence of tranexamic acid, indicating that the conformational change of Glu-plg in the presence of tranexamic acid resulted in the exposure of the hydrophobic regions connecting K3, K4 and K5, thus making them accessible to elastase. Consequently, Lys-plg or conformationally altered Glu-plg (possibly bound to fibrin or FDP) is more easily degraded in vivo. The last subject is relationship between plasma plasminogen levels and fibrinolytic activity in various ages. Although plasma plasminogen levels do not change with age, the fibrinolytic activity lowers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A system for systematically preparing atom-probe field-ion-microscope specimens for the study of internal interfaces (1990)

A versatile system has been designed and fabricated to prepare atom-probe field-ion-microscope (APFIM) specimens in a systematic manner, such that internal interfaces can be positioned in the tips of these wire specimens for subsequent analysis of their chemical composition. This system incorporates both beaker electrolytic and zone electrolytic cell configurations, a specially constructed power supply, and a special transmission electron microscope holder for wires. The power supply enables ac electroetching or dc electropolishing in the automated or manual modes. The ac wave forms available are sine (0.002 Hz–200 kHz) or square (10 Hz–20 kHz). Triggering and gating are performed manually or with a pulse generator. The dc output is gated manually to produce a continuous output or with a pulse generator to produce single pulses with widths in the range 50 μs–1 s. A counter indicates the number of periods of voltage applied, and the total charge transferred in the electrolytic cell is integrated in the range 10 μA s–1 kA s. The power supply provides 0 to ±48 V peak at 1 A peak. A double-tilt stage for an Hitachi H-700H 200 kV transmission electron microscope (TEM) was radically modified to hold APFIM specimens; this stage is vibrationless at 310 000× magnification. It has a tilting range of ±30° and ±27° for the x and y tilts, respectively. Examples are given of the controlled backpolishing of W-3 at. % Re, W-25 at. % Re, Mo-5.4 at. % Re, and Fe-3 at. % Si specimens, and their observation by TEM, to selectively place grain boundaries in the tip region. The analysis of the chemical composition of a grain boundary, which is first located in a W-25 at. % Re specimen via TEM, by the APFIM technique is presented.
A 1.5V 200MS/s 13b 25mW DAC with Randomized Nested Background Calibration in 0.13¿m CMOS (2007)

Time-domain randomization of the unit current-cell refresh period converts the tonal behavior of cyclic background calibration into noise. Together with nested calibration of all DAC-segments a low-frequency SFDR of 83.7dB is achieved. The chip is fabricated in a standard 0.13mum CMOS process. Clocked at 200MHz, it consumes 25mW from a 1.5V supply.
Real-Time Traffic Light Detection with Frequency Patterns Using a High-Speed Camera (2020)

LEDs are widely employed as traffic lights. Because most LED traffic lights are driven by alternative power, they blink at high frequencies, even at twice their frequencies. We propose a method to detect a traffic light from images captured by a high-speed camera that can recognize a blinking traffic light. This technique is robust under various illuminations because it can detect traffic lights by extracting information from the blinking pixels at a specific frequency. The method is composed of six modules, which includes a band-pass filter and a Kalman filter. All the modules run simultaneously to achieve real-time processing and can run at 500 fps for images with a resolution of 800 × 600. This technique was verified on an original dataset captured by a high-speed camera under different illumination conditions such as a sunset or night scene. The recall and accuracy justify the generalization of the proposed detection system. In particular, it can detect traffic lights with a different appearance without tuning parameters and without datasets having to be learned.
Aluminum Nanoantenna Complexes for Strong Coupling between Excitons and Localized Surface Plasmons (2015)

We study the optical dynamics in complexes of aluminum nanoantennas coated with molecular J-aggregates and find that they provide an excellent platform for the formation of hybrid exciton-localized surface plasmons. Giant Rabi splitting of 0.4 eV, which corresponds to ∼10 fs energy transfer cycle, is observed in spectral transmittance. We show that the nanoantennas can be used to manipulate the polarization of hybrid states and to confine their mode volumes. In addition, we observe enhancement of the photoluminescence due to enhanced absorption and increase in the local density of states at the exciton-localized surface plasmon energies. With recent emerging technological applications based on strongly coupled light-matter states, this study opens new possibilities to explore and utilize the unique properties of hybrid states over all of the visible region down to ultraviolet frequencies in nanoscale, technologically compatible, integrated platforms based on aluminum.
Calibration of Reference Thromboplastins and Standardisation of the Prothrombin Time Ratio (1983)

Thromboplastins vary in their sensitivity to the haemostatic defect induced by oral anticoagulants. To provide a means of standardising prothrombin time tests, the World Health Organization adopted in 1977 a scheme for calibrating thromboplastins in terms of an International Reference Preparation. Unfortunately, the model on which this scheme was based does not always hold. A revised calibration model has therefore been developed and this has been tested in a recent collaborative study. The revised model, which retains fundamentally the same principle for standardising prothrombin time tests, has proved suitable for calibrating thromboplastins of different species and types and, moreover, has certain statistical advantages over its predecessor. In September 1982, the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization adopted the revised model. This paper explains the nature and rationale of this change and considers its practical implications.
La enseñanza de la epistemología y estrategias de abordaje para el aula (2018)

Fil: Fil: Alarcón, Natalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina
Methotrexate and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Evidence Regarding Subcutaneous Versus Oral Routes of Administration (2016)

Alfa Wassermann.
Electrochemically induced flowerlike gold nanoarchitectures and their strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering effect (2006)

The authors report the fabrication of gold flowerlike nanoarchitectures (FNs) on indium tin oxide coated glass substrate using a low-cost electrochemical strategy at a proper current density and polyvinylpyrrolidone concentration in electrolyte. The FNs are grown and built with the blocks of two-dimensional flakelike nanostructures. Importantly, such FNs show strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect associated with their geometries, which is much stronger than that from other particle films. The minimum concentration of detectable rhodamine 6G molecules can be down to 10−12M. These FNs with strong SERS effect could be used in chemical analysis, biosensors, and nanodevices with molecule-level detection.
Session guarantees with raft and hybrid logical clocks (2019)

Eventual consistency is a popular consistency model for geo-replicated data stores. Although eventual consistency provides high performance and availability, it can cause anomalies that make programming complex for application developers. Session guarantees can remove some of these anomalies while causing much lower overhead compared with stronger consistency models. In this paper, we provide a protocol for providing session guarantees for NuKV, a key-value store developed for services with very high availability and performance requirements at eBay. NuKV relies on the Raft protocol for replication inside datacenters, and uses eventual consistency for replication among datacenters. We provide modified versions of conventional session guarantees to avoid the problem of slowdown cascades in systems with large numbers of partitions. We also use Hybrid Logical Clocks to eliminate the need for delaying write operations to satisfy session guarantees. Our experiments show that our protocol provides session guarantees with a negligible overhead when compared with eventual consistency.
Aerodynamics of a Covered Trailing Edge Vane: Effects of Blowing Rate, Reynolds Number, and External Turbulence (2009)

A covered trailing edge vane was developed by opening a fully loaded incompressible vane to accept an internal flow passage. The internal passage was filled with a high solidity internal cooling scheme. Exit survey measurements were acquired downstream from a large scale low speed linear cascade test section using a 5-hole cone probe at 1/4 axial chord downstream from the vane trailing edge. Exit survey measurements detailed total pressure loss, turning angle and secondary velocities. Exit survey measurements were conducted across a range of blowing rates (25% to 150% design), Reynolds numbers (500,000, 1,000,000 and 2,000,000) and turbulence levels [low (0.7%), grid (8.5%) and aero-combustor (13.5%)]. Losses for a thickened baseline vane (no blowing, same profile) were also acquired across the Reynolds number range and turbulence conditions. Vane midspan pressure and heat transfer distributions were acquired to help document the state of the boundary layers developing on the vane surface. Measurements are presented in terms of total pressure loss contours with secondary velocities and spanwise distributions of circumferentially averaged losses and turning angles. Overall loss values have been compared with measurements taken using the original base vane and a conventional gill slot vane. Comparisons between the base vane and the covered base vane show an incremental increase in total pressure losses of about 0.95% due the thicker trailing edge. Comparisons between the gill slot (pressure side cutback) and the covered trailing edge vane at comparable flow conditions show a much smaller loss penalty. Loss data for the gill slot vane suggest that both separation off the gill slot lip and the discharge of low momentum fluid are responsible for significant incremental losses above the base vane. The covered trailing edge vane has no additional surface with separation losses which penalizes the aerodynamics. Heat transfer rates for the internal cooling scheme are documented in a separate paper [1].
Retrospective correction of surface coil MR images using an automatic segmentation and modeling approach (1997)

The use of surface coils in magnetic resonance imaging offers significant improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio over volume coils for many applications. However, the inhomogeneous reception profile of surface coils hampers their usefulness by introducing significant nonuniformities or intensity variations which can vary by greater than six-fold across the sample. In this study, we evaluated an automatic technique for retrospective correction of intensity variations observed in a high-resolution surface coil MR image of the rat brain obtained using an adiabatic magnetic resonance imaging sequence. The images are shown to have a coefficient of variation less than 12% following application of this correction algorithm. This image intensity correction technique can be applied retrospectively to all data sets and corrects both sample/patient dependent effects (e.g. attenuation of overlying tissue) or sample independent effects (e.g. coil geometry or position). This approach should also prove valuable in improving regions of interest analysis, volume histograms and thresholding techniques.
Music and Spirituality (2024)

The composer Sir James MacMillan has often referred to music as ‘the most spiritual of the arts’, and for many people, regardless of religious affiliation, this rings true. In listening to music, we are drawn to dimensions of human experience beyond the material. This collection brings together leading scholars from various disciplines – including Christian theology, musicology, and psychology and neuroscience – to interrogate the intimate relationship between music and spirituality. Organised in three parts – theological approaches, empirical methods, and Christian worship – the volume covers a vibrant array of topics. From examining how the Covid-19 pandemic has reshaped the profile of contemporary worship to investigating the spiritual effects of bodily positioning in liturgical spaces, from exploring spiritual experience through heart and breathing activity, electrodermal activity, and saliva samples to comparing the spiritual experiences of British Methodists with Welsh sporting fans, these essays attend to the lived reality of people’s perceived spiritual experiences through music. This collection will be an invaluable resource for scholars in the growing field of Christian theology and music, and will serve as a cornerstone for future research at the intersection of theology, music, and psychology and neuroscience. It will also appeal to anyone curious about why music consistently, across cultures, occupies a unique space bridging the material and spiritual dimensions of human life.