gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Dispersion Gels (CDG): Field Projects Review (2014)

Abstract Colloidal Dispersion Gels (CDG's) have been successfully tested in Argentina, China, USA, and recently in Colombia. However, questions remain whether CDG's can be injected in large volumes and propagate deep into the formation without reducing injectivity and also improve sweep efficiency. This paper summarizes 31 implemented and ongoing CDG projects in Argentina, Colombia and the U.S. since 2005. Project summary review includes main reservoir properties, operating conditions, pore volume of chemical injected, general project performance, and especially, a detailed analysis of injection logs addressing the injectivity of CDG. Additionally, a general approach for history matching CDG floods is described. CDG injection volumes in projects reviewed vary from a few thousand barrels to hundreds of thousands of barrels. Projects evaluated did not show injectivity reduction even after more than 600,000 barrels injected in one well. Polymer concentration and polymer: crosslinker ratios ranged from 250 to 1,200 ppm and 20:1 to 80:1, respectively. Aluminum citrate is the most common crosslinker used in field projects. However, chromium triacetate has been used in high salinity and hardness conditions. Key variables to sustain the injection of large volumes of CDG below maximum operating pressure are polymer: crosslinker ratios, polymer concentration, and injection rates to a lesser extent. CDG projects have evolved from small to large treatment volumes showing a positive impact on oil recoveries. Despite large volumes of CDG injected production of polymer in offset producers has rarely been detected. Wellhead pressure response, CDG viscosity, and adsorption/retention (RRF) represents the most important variables needed to match CDG floods. This study provides the status of the technology and field evidence that CDG's can be injected in large volumes and can propagate into the reservoir without injectivity constraints. This review will also provide guidance to successfully design and evaluate CDG pilot projects. Lessons learned from operating and modeling CDG projects will also be presented.
Recent advances in iterative reconstruction for clinical SPECT/PET and CT (2011)

Statistical iterative reconstruction is now widely used in clinical practice and has contributed to significant improvement in image quality in recent years. Although primarily used for reconstruction in emission tomography (both single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET)) there is increasing interest in also applying similar algorithms to x-ray computed tomography (CT). There is increasing complexity in the factors that are included in the reconstruction, a demonstration of the versatility of the approach. Research continues with exploration of methods for further improving reconstruction quality with effective correction for various sources of artefact.
In‐vivo‐Dearomatisierung des potenten Antituberkulose‐Wirkstoffs BTZ043 durch Bildung eines Meisenheimer‐Komplexes (2017)

Abstract Nitrobenzothiazinone gehören zu den potentesten Antituberkulose‐Wirkstoffen. Hier beschreiben wir eine In‐vivo‐Reduktion der beiden klinischen Kandidaten BTZ043 und PBTZ169, die zur Bildung von Meisenheimer‐Komplexen führt. Diese Reduktion ist reversibel, tritt in allen untersuchten Säugetierspezies auf und hat einen erheblichen Einfluss auf In‐vivo‐ADME‐Charakteristiken und signifikante Auswirkungen auf das Design und die Durchführung von klinischen Studien. Die Reduktion wurde durch chemische Untersuchungen verifiziert, die eine vollständige Charakterisierung des Meisenheimer‐Komplexes und dessen Folgechemie ermöglichten. Die Kombination von In‐vivo‐Studien mit chemischen Arbeiten, wie der LC‐MS‐basierten Charakterisierung und der Assay‐Entwicklung, bildet die Grundlage für eine rationale Leitstrukturoptimierung dieser vielversprechenden Klasse von Antituberkulose‐Wirkstoffen.
Abnormal Event Detection Using Recurrent Neural Network (2015)

In this paper, we introduce a simple but novel model to detect abnormal event in surveillance video using sparse autoencoder and recurrent neuron network. In this model, we first train a sparse autoencoder to extract features and use a sequence of temporal continuous features to train a recurrent neuron network to predict the subsequent features. We classify the frame as normal and abnormal based on the prediction error of recurrent neuron network. Experimental result on a crowd activity dataset verifies the effectiveness of our model and the implication of recurrent neural networks in abnormal detection is also discussed.
Design of nonvolatile on-chip memory using spin torque devices (2015)

The demand for fast, large-capacity, energy-efficient, and cost-effective memory in computing systems has led to intense research and development effort to find a memory technology that can present all the desired attributes of today's memories: speed of Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), density of Dynamic RAM (DRAM), and non-volatility of Flash. Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) has emerged as the leading candidate due to its non-volatility, superior scalability, and good compatibility with CMOS fabrication process. However, high write-current requirement in standard 1 Transistor -1 MTJ (1T1R) STT-MRAM presents a key challenge toward the achievement of low write-power, high integration density, and unlimited write endurance. Moreover, the shared read and write path severely limits the memory design space. The focus of this research is two-fold: 1) Investigation of the design issues in current MRAM technology and proposals of device- and circuit-level design solutions. First, we analyze asymmetric write currents in standard 1T-1R STT-MRAMs, and identify a potential for write power reduction. To that effect, we propose low-power circuit design techniques to balance out the asymmetric write currents and optimize the memory design from both write-power and reliability aspects. Next, we propose a novel MRAM device structure that exploits spin Hall effect (SHE) to create a differential memory cell for fast and energy-efficient memory applications. Then, we present new multi-level-cell design concepts for spin-orbit torque (SOT) MRAM to improve the integration density. 2) Investigation of spin-devices to implement specialized on-chip hardware, namely true random number generator, suitable for security and cryptography applications.
Color edge detector using jointly hue, saturation and intensity (2002)

In the hue saturation intensity (HSI) space, a hue difference taking into account the hue relevance is defined. A hue gradient operator is build up with this hue difference. Two color edge detectors are then proposed. These detectors mix in a different way H,S,I gradients. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calcium‐mediated modulation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) responses in cultured rat hippocampal neurones. (1993)

1. Agonist-independent (inactivation) and agonist-induced (desensitization) refractory states of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were studied on cultured rat hippocampal neurones using whole-cell and inside-out patch-clamp techniques and a fast perfusion system. 2. Shortly after whole-cell formation, application of 100 microM NMDA in the presence of 10 microM glycine and 0.2 mM [Ca2+]o induced membrane currents that desensitized by 23%. Repeated application of NMDA at 30 s intervals resulted in a progressive increase in the degree and rate of onset of NMDA receptor desensitization. 3. Test responses to NMDA recorded in the presence of 0.2 mM [Ca2+]o were reversibly inactivated by 60% following a train of ten 1 s applications of NMDA delivered at 0.5 Hz in the presence of 2 mM [Ca2+]o; similar results were obtained with 2 mM [Sr2+]o and 2 mM [Ba2+]o. In the presence of Ca2+ or Sr2+, desensitization during the train of responses to NMDA increased by 14 and 19% respectively, while with Ba2+ there was no increase in desensitization. 4. In the presence of 0.2 mM [Ca2+]o at a holding potential of -60 mV, or in the presence of 2 mM [Ca2+]o at a holding potential of +50 mV, a train of ten applications of NMDA failed to induce either inactivation or an increase in desensitization of test responses to NMDA. These results suggest an important role for [Ca2+]o in the induction of both inactivation and desensitization of NMDA receptors. 5. Increasing the intracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, via repeated activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, resulted in a reversible inactivation of test responses to NMDA by 35% but failed to increase desensitization. In neurones dialysed with intracellular solution containing 2.5 mM Ca2+ NMDA receptor desensitization was similar to that in neurones dialysed with 10 nM Ca2+. 6. Block of NMDA receptor-channels by 2 mM [Mg2+]o during the train application of NMDA prevented the induction of both inactivation and desensitization. In contrast 3 mM [Mg2+]i was ineffective. 7. The magnitude of both inactivation and desensitization of NMDA receptors was not affected by intracellular dialysis of ATP, the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue 5'-adenylylimido-diphosphate (AMP-PNP), different Ca2+ chelators (EGTA or BAPTA), the Ca(2+)-activated protease inhibitor (leupeptin), dithiothreitol, or the phosphatase inhibitors (okadaic acid and a calcineurin inhibitor). 8. Application of 2.5 mM Ca2+ to the cytoplasmic side of inside-out patches induced inactivation of NMDA responses similar in magnitude to the inactivation seen in whole-cell recording.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Developing of the anti-slip control of hydrostatic power transmission for forest tractor and optimisation of the power of diesel engine (2002)

The aim of this study was to improve the forest tractor by developing a method for preventing the slide of the drawing wheels run properties so that the better controllability of the tractor would be reached in assignments of different types compared to the present forest tractors. The aim was to develop for the forest tractor a the hydrostatic power transmission system equipped with slow-speed radial piston motor which is based on adapting the following techniques: active anti-slip control that has been carried out with fuzzy logic connection of the integrated control technique and of the fuzzy adjustment to the control of the multi-motor system using a quick local bus and interactive user interface in control of the slide blocking. Furthermore, the aim of this work was to develop an energy efficiently optimised digital control for a forest tractor that operates in the whole speed range of the hydrostatic power transmission of the vehicle. The digital control is carried out with PC computer which guarantees the easy testing of the algorithms and offers a uniform environment for the realisation of other control systems of the work machine also. The control system must identify also the operation of the anti-slip control the speed to correspond to the measured speed of the vehicle at the slide moment and must restrict the set value. This is important so also from the point of view of an energy efficiency as the anti-slip control which functions with the brakes and the load of which an attempt must be made to minimise to prevent excessive warming and wearing out.
Afferent Innervation of the Rat Pancreas (1998)

This study was undertaken to determine the segmental organization of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells that give rise to pancreatic afferents containing a certain neuropeptide in the rat. These cells were examined using retrograde tracing combined with immunohistochemistry. Injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the pancreas resulted in the labeling of cells in bilateral T5-L2 DRGs, with most labeled cells lying at T10-T11. Injection into the duodenal (right), splenic (left), and entire lobes consistently produced more labeled cells significantly in the right, left, and right DRGs, respectively. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-, substance P (SP)-, somatostatin (SOM)-, and galanin (GAL)-immunoreactive (IR) cells in the DRGs (T9-T12) were found in -52, 17, 8, and 6%, respectively, but neuropeptide Y- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-IR cells were not found. About 88% of HRP-labeled cells in DRGs (T9-T12) contained CGRP, and approximately 16% of them contained SP. Although SOM- and GAL-IR cells were localized in the DRGs, these cells innervating the pancreas could not be found. In brief, these results show that bilateral (not similar in cell number on each side) DRG cells innervate the duodenal or splenic pancreas, and the majority of these cells that project to the pancreas contain CGRP and SP.
Functional Characterization of Ribozymes Expressed Using U1 and T7 Vectors for the Intracellular Cleavage of ANF mRNA (1994)

Hammerhead ribozymes targeted to various GUC or GUA sites on rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA were developed. The catalytic activity of ribozymes to four of these sites, synthesized by transcription off synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes, was studied in detail. In vitro, ribozyme-mediated cleavage was highly Mg(2+)-dependent, and at concentrations approaching those found intracellularly, the rate but not the extent of cleavage was markedly reduced. To test for cellular activity, synthetic genes encoding the ribozymes were cloned between the initiation and termination sequences of the U1snRNA gene or between the T7RNA polymerase promoter and terminator sequences in pSP64. Both constructs had defined initiation and termination sequences to minimize transcript size and for message stability. In vitro the addition of T7 or U1 terminator sequences had variable effects on catalytic activity, presumably due to structural interactions between the ribozyme and the added sequence. The ribozyme-encoding plasmids were cotransfected with an expression plasmid containing a rat ANF cDNA into COS-1 cells using a liposome method, which provided high-level transfection efficiency. Quantitation of ANF mRNA by RNase protection showed marked decreases in ANF transcript levels with both the U1- and the T7-expressed ribozymes directed at three of the four sites on ANF mRNA. With all constructs, target accessibility, determined in vitro, was a more important determinant of intracellular ANF mRNA cleavage than catalytic activity per se. ANF mRNA cleavage was not merely due to an antisense effect, since a mutant construct that was catalytically inactive but could still bind produced less cleavage than the corresponding wild-type ribozyme construct. These findings indicate that both U1 and T7 vector systems provide efficient ribozyme expression for the intracellular cleavage of target mRNA.
NHC‐Stabilized Bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphido Complexes of Pd<sup>II</sup> and Ni<sup>II</sup> (2015)

Abstract Halidometal complexes bearing monodentate N‐heterocyclic carbenes [MX 2 (R 2 ‐bimy) 2 ] {bimy = benzimidazole‐2‐ylidene; R = i Pr, M = Pd or Ni, X = I; R = n Bu, M = Pd, X = I and R = n Bu, M = Ni, X = Br ( 1 )} react under mild conditions with Li[P(SiMe 3 ) 2 ], in a 1:1 ratio, to provide the halido(silylphosphido)metal complexes [PdI( i Pr 2 ‐bimy) 2 {P(SiMe 3 ) 2 }] ( 2 ), [PdI( n Bu 2 ‐bimy) 2 {P(SiMe 3 ) 2 }] ( 3 ), [NiI( i Pr 2 ‐bimy) 2 {P(SiMe 3 ) 2 }] ( 4 ) and [NiBr( n Bu 2 ‐bimy) 2 {P(SiMe 3 ) 2 }] ( 5 ). Cleavage of the P–Si bonds in 3 and 5 with benzoyl chloride leads to the formation of the new (dibenzoylphosphido)halidometal complexes [PdI( i Pr 2 ‐bimy) 2 P{C(O)Ph} 2 ] ( 6 ) and [NiI( i Pr 2 ‐bimy) 2 {P(C(O)Ph) 2 }] ( 7 ), respectively. NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography and mass spectrometry are used to analyze these coordination complexes.
A 3-phase buck-boost converter for lowering the input current distortion of a voltage source-inverter drive (2002)

This paper presents a three-phase buck-boost switchmode power converter that lowers the input harmonics drawn by a voltage source PWM inverter drive. The buck-boost power converter examined, rated with a 0.26 per-unit current and drawing 6% of the total drive input power, is connected in parallel with the drive's main diode bridge and LC filter. 94% of the drive power is drawn through the diode rectifier. The low electrical stresses associated with the buck-boost power converter, in addition to the small number of high frequency switching components, makes the drive topology robust, conducive to soft-switching techniques and lowers the generation of EMI-RFI. The rectifier topologies are suitable for regulating the DC voltage rails for 2-level and 3-level inverters. For 3-level inverter drives using a centre-tapped capacitor DC-rail, the proposed rectifiers can compensate for load imbalances and maintain equal voltage drops across the two DC-rails. Since the buck-boost switchmode power converter is separate from the main drive diode rectifier, the drive can continue to operate satisfactorily even if the buck-boost converter fails. This same feature makes the buck-boost converter unit suitable as a drive option or for retrofitting. The drive configurations examined in the paper are verified with experimental results and Spice simulations.
A molecular signature for the “master” heart cell (2007)

The vertebrate heart comprises a variety of cell types, the majority of which are cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Their origin is still an intriguing research topic and the question is whether these cells derive from a common or from multiple distinct progenitor cell(s). Three recent publications not only suggest the existence of a single progenitor cell that can give rise to cardiovascular lineages but additionally uncovered, at least in part, the molecular identity of such a multipotent precursor cell. These findings constitute major progress in the quest for stem-cell therapies for cardiac diseases.
Graph Transformation in Relational Databases (2005)

We present a novel approach to implement a graph transformation engine based on standard relational database management systems (RDBMSs). The essence of the approach is to create database views for each rules and to handle pattern matching by inner join operations while negative application conditions by left outer join operations. Furthermore, the model manipulation prescribed by the application of a graph transformation rule is also implemented using elementary data manipulation statements (such as insert, delete, update).
Prognostic value of miR-96 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2014)

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1434808553949498.
African American and European American Mothers' Beliefs About Negative Emotions and Emotion Socialization Practices (2012)

OBJECTIVE: Mothers' beliefs about their children's negative emotions and their emotion socialization practices were examined. DESIGN: Sixty-five African American and 137 European American mothers of 5-year-old children reported their beliefs and typical responses to children's negative emotions, and mothers' emotion teaching practices were observed. RESULTS: African American mothers reported that the display of negative emotions was less acceptable than European American mothers, and African American mothers of boys perceived the most negative social consequences for the display of negative emotions. African American mothers reported fewer supportive responses to children's negative emotions than European Americans and more nonsupportive responses to children's anger. African American mothers of boys also reported more nonsupportive responses to submissive negative emotions than African American mothers of girls. However, no differences were found by ethnicity or child gender in observed teaching about emotions. Group differences in mothers' responses to negative emotions were explained, in part, by mothers' beliefs about emotions. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in beliefs and practices may reflect African American mothers' efforts to protect their children from discrimination.
An LXR Agonist Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Death through Inhibition of an EGFR/AKT/SREBP-1/LDLR–Dependent Pathway (2011)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal of all cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (EGFRvIII) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) hyperactivation are common in GBM, promoting tumor growth and survival, including through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1)-dependent lipogenesis. The role of cholesterol metabolism in GBM pathogenesis, its association with EGFR/PI3K signaling, and its potential therapeutic targetability are unknown. In our investigation, studies of GBM cell lines, xenograft models, and GBM clinical samples, including those from patients treated with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, uncovered an EGFRvIII-activated, PI3K/SREBP-1-dependent tumor survival pathway through the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Targeting LDLR with the liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965 caused inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL)-mediated LDLR degradation and increased expression of the ABCA1 cholesterol efflux transporter, potently promoting tumor cell death in an in vivo GBM model. These results show that EGFRvIII can promote tumor survival through PI3K/SREBP-1-dependent upregulation of LDLR and suggest a role for LXR agonists in the treatment of GBM patients.
Ethical Research Protocols for Social Media Health Research (2017)

Social media have transformed datadriven research in political science, the social sciences, health, and medicine. Since health research often touches on sensitive topics that relate to ethics of treatment and patient privacy, similar ethical considerations should be acknowledged when using social media data in health research. While much has been said regarding the ethical considerations of social media research, health research leads to an additional set of concerns. We provide practical suggestions in the form of guidelines for researchers working with social media data in health research. These guidelines can inform an IRB proposal for researchers new to social media health research.
Periodisme i literatura : Aurora Bertrana (2008)

Aquest article s'inscriu dins del projecte Concepcions i discursos sobre la modernitat en la literatura catalana dels segles XIX i XX, del Grup d'Estudis de Literatura Catalana Contemporània de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (referència HUM2005-01109 del MEC), i neix de dos estudis anteriors (Real 2006a i 2006b), als quals remeto per a una explicació més detallada tant amb relació a Bertrana com al context cultural del moment, en especial pel que fa a la literatura d'autora.
Factors associated with quitting status of smoking in Koreanmen with and without chronic kidney disease: A nationalpopulation-based study (2022)

Exercise was the only factor associated with quitting smoking in the CKD group.