gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Benzyl Cyanide to Yield a Bis‐diazeniumdiolated Imidate. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A dynamic Jacobian estimation method for uncalibrated visual servoing (1999)

A dynamic Broyden's method is presented for use in a quasi-Newton control scheme for model-independent vision guided robotic control. Model independent visual servo control is defined as using visual feedback to control a robot without precisely calibrated kinematic and camera models. The control problem is formulated as a nonlinear least squares optimization. For the moving target case, this results in a time-varying objective function which is minimized using a dynamic Newton's method. The dynamic Jacobian estimation scheme is used to estimate the combined robot and image Jacobians. Experimental results for a two-degree-of-freedom system demonstrates the success of the algorithm.
Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy on ferromagnets (1999)

A straightforward approach to spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy based on the magnetotunnel effect between a ferromagnetic tip and a ferromagnetic sample is demonstrated. By periodically changing the magnetization of the tip in combination with a lock-in technique, topographic and spin-dependent parts of the tunnel current are separated and the topography and the magnetic structure of the sample are recorded simultaneously. Results are given for polycrystalline Ni and single crystalline Co(0001) surfaces, revealing a high spin contrast, low data acquisition times, and a resolution down to 10 nm. Potentials and limitations of this technique are discussed.
Maintaining the Feasibility of Hard Real–Time Systems with a Reduced Number of Priority Levels (2015)

Abstract When there is a mismatch between the cardinality of a periodic task set and the priority levels supported by the underlying hardware systems, multiple tasks are grouped into one class so as to maintain a specific level of confidence in their accuracy. However, such a transformation is achieved at the expense of the loss of schedulability of the original task set. We further investigate the aforementioned problem and report the following contributions: (i) a novel technique for mapping unlimited priority tasks into a reduced number of classes that do not violate the schedulability of the original task set and (ii) an efficient feasibility test that eliminates insufficient points during the feasibility analysis. The theoretical correctness of both contributions is checked through formal verifications. Moreover, the experimental results reveal the superiority of our work over the existing feasibility tests by reducing the number of scheduling points that are needed otherwise.
Answering web queries using structured data sources (2009)

In web search today, a user types a few keywords which are then matched against a large collection of unstructured web pages. This leaves a lot to be desired for when the best answer to a query is contained in structured data stores and/or when the user includes some structural semantics in the query.
Development of Novel Tumor‐Targeted Theranostic Nanoparticles Activated by Membrane‐Type Matrix Metalloproteinases for Combined Cancer Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Therapy (2013)

A major drawback with current cancer therapy is the prevalence of unrequired dose-limiting toxicity to non-cancerous tissues and organs, which is further compounded by a limited ability to rapidly and easily monitor drug delivery, pharmacodynamics and therapeutic response. In this report, the design and characterization of novel multifunctional "theranostic" nanoparticles (TNPs) is described for enzyme-specific drug activation at tumor sites and simultaneous in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of drug delivery. TNPs are synthesized by conjugation of FDA-approved iron oxide nanoparticles ferumoxytol to an MMP-activatable peptide conjugate of azademethylcolchicine (ICT), creating CLIO-ICTs (TNPs). Significant cell death is observed in TNP-treated MMP-14 positive MMTV-PyMT breast cancer cells in vitro, but not MMP-14 negative fibroblasts or cells treated with ferumoxytol alone. Intravenous administration of TNPs to MMTV-PyMT tumor-bearing mice and subsequent MRI demonstrates significant tumor selective accumulation of the TNP, an observation confirmed by histopathology. Treatment with CLIO-ICTs induces a significant antitumor effect and tumor necrosis, a response not observed with ferumoxytol. Furthermore, no toxicity or cell death is observed in normal tissues following treatment with CLIO-ICTs, ICT, or ferumoxytol. These findings demonstrate proof of concept for a new nanotemplate that integrates tumor specificity, drug delivery and in vivo imaging into a single TNP entity through attachment of enzyme-activated prodrugs onto magnetic nanoparticles. This novel approach holds the potential to significantly improve targeted cancer therapies, and ultimately enable personalized therapy regimens.
A control loop which ensures high side-mode-suppression ratio in a tunable DBR laser (1992)

The authors present a control loop which ensures single-mode operation of a tunable distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) laser. This control loop uses no external optics. The error signal is derived from an integrated detector which measures the light transmitted through the Bragg section. Using this signal to control the current to the Bragg section, the laser is tuned to where the side-mode-suppression ratio is high. This guarantees that the laser remains single-mode, even when modulated. This servo is capable of application in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on Alkyl-Terminated Tetrathiapentalene (TTP) Derivatives (2008)

Tetrathiapentalene (TTP) derivatives capped with alkyl groups are synthesized by a contracting-coupling reaction of two TTP molecules. These compounds have reduced donor ability in comparison with tetrathiafulvalenes (TTF) and work as organic semiconductors in high-performance organic field-effect transistors.
A small wideband multimode antenna (2008)

This paper presents a multi-resonant spherical antenna with a normalized size ka~0.54 and excellent bandwidth performance (k is the wavenumber and a is the radius of the sphere circumscribing the maximum dimension of the antenna). The spherical geometry is chosen in order to establish a baseline Q-factor against which to compare the bandwidth: a Q at 1.5x the lower bound is known to be achievable for optimized small, single resonance spherical antenna designs. The antenna presented here is designed to support two natural resonances, one low-Q and one high-Q . It postulates that the high-Q mode acts in a manner analogous to a higher-order matching circuit.
Two gates are better than one [double-gate MOSFET process] (2003)

A planar self-aligned double-gate MOSFET process has been implemented where a unique sidewall source/drain structure (S/D) permits self-aligned patterning of the back-gate layer after the S/D structure is in place. This allows coupling the silicon thickness control inherent in a planar, unpatterned layer with VLSI self-alignment techniques and also gives independently controlled front and back gates. The demanding structure led to process innovations primarily in front-end CMP, where planarity within 5 nm was achieved on an 8-in diameter wafer as well as in silicided silicon source/drain sidewalls, with minimal encroachment of the silicide. Double-gate FET (DGFET) operation is demonstrated, with good transport at both interfaces. Dense circuit layouts are achieved with multifinger devices, and logic inverters with back-gate-controlled load current as well as NOR logic using the two gates of a single transistor as inputs are demonstrated.
A signal integrity-based link performance simulation platform (2006)

This paper embodies a methodology used to create high-speed transceiver behavior models employed within a signal integrity-based link simulation platform. This tool includes routines for the optimization of transmitter pre-emphasis and equalization. This platform was created using MATLAB, qualified against Agilent's ADS SI suite, and correlated with measurements. This paper also describes the practical uses of such a simulator developed at Altera to predict link performance over backplanes.
Disubstituted tetrahydrofurans and dioxolanes as platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists (1991)

A new series of disubstituted tetrahydrofuran and dioxolane derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their PAF antagonist activity in the PAF-induced in vitro platelet-aggregation and in vivo hypotension tests. Several of these compounds exhibited more potent activity than the structurally related 2-[N-acetyl-N-[[[[2-methoxy-3-[(octadecylcarbamoyl) oxy]propoxy]carbonyl]amino]methyl]-1-ethylpyridinium chloride (CV-6209, 3) in the in vitro assay, whereas all showed less potency in the in vivo test. The role of both the substituent nature and the placement and number of oxygen atoms in the ring are discussed. A quantitative SAR study carried out on these nuclei.
Immunological Characterization of Antigens Encoded by the RD1 Region of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Genome (2001)

Development of immunoassays specific for the diagnosis of tuberculosis requires antigens unique to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In a search for such antigens we tested six proteins encoded by RD1, a region present in M. tuberculosis and virulent M. bovis genomes but missing from the DNA of all substrains of M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The six proteins (Rv3871, Rv3872, Rv3873, MTSA-10, ESAT-6 and Rv3878) were purified to near-homogeneity from recombinant Escherichia coli. When tested for the ability to elicit antibody responses and delayed type hypersensitivity in tuberculous guinea pigs, only two of six antigens, ESAT-6 and MTSA-10, elicited strong skin reactions, while vigorous antibody responses were observed to all six proteins. When antibody responses to RD1 antigens were evaluated in sera from patients having pulmonary tuberculosis and from control subjects (patients having mycobacterioses other than tuberculosis, and healthy persons), a sizeable proportion (25%) of tuberculosis patients but none of the control subjects, had antibodies against MTSA-10 and/or ESAT-6. We conclude that MTSA-10 and ESAT-6 are promising candidates for immunodiagnostic assays specific for tuberculosis.
NATURE (2006)

Recent progress on nanodevices, such as carbon nanotubes and nanowires, points to promising directions for future circuit design. However, nanofabrication techniques are not yet mature, making implementation of such circuits, at least on a large scale, in the near future infeasible. However, if photo-lithography could be used to implement circuits using these nanodevices, then hybrid nano/CMOS chips could be fabricated and the benefits of nanotechnology could be utilized immediately. A startup company, called Nantero, has developed and implemented a non-volatile nanotube random-access memory (NRAM) using photo-lithography that is considerably faster and denser than DRAM, has much lower power consumption than DRAM or flash, has similar speed to SRAM and is highly resistant to environmental forces (temperature, magnetism). In this paper, we propose a novel high performance reconfigurable architecture, called NATURE, that utilizes CMOS logic and NRAMs. Use of the highly-dense NRAMs allows large on-chip configuration storage, enabling fine-grain run-time reconfiguration and temporal logic folding of a circuit before being mapped to the architecture. This can significantly increase the logic density of NATURE (by over an order of magnitude for larger circuits) while remaining competitive in performance. Compared to traditional reconfigurable architectures, NATURE also allows the designer the flexibility to adjust the level of logic folding in order to improve performance or perform area-performance trade-offs. Experimental results establish its efficacy and give comparisons with today's mainstream FPGA technology which does not allow logic folding.
Diversity and Multiplexing Switching in 802.11n MIMO Systems (2006)

Tremendous interest in multimedia applications such as wireless video streaming drives the need for high throughput WLAN communications. Spatial multiplexing and diversity techniques (such as space-time coding and delay diversity) are adopted in the IEEE 802.11n draft specification to fully exploit the benefit of MIMO channel. In this paper, we propose an efficient and simple algorithm that switches between these modes based on the instantaneous channel state information. The post- detection constellation-coding SNR is calculated at the receiver for each mode and is used to derive the switching criterion. The algorithm is designed for practical 802.11n systems with linear receiver and outer forward error correction codes, and does not require complicated eigen-decomposition. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our switching algorithm.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in myxobacteria: different PUFA synthases and their product diversity (2014)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly the omega-3 long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are well known for their beneficial health effects. The obvious limitation of the present EPA/DHA key source, fish oil, demands for alternative and sustainable PUFA resources and several biotechnological approaches addressing this problem are currently under development. Different marine microorganisms are known to produce PUFAs de novo under strictly anaerobic conditions employing polyketide synthase (PKS)-like enzymes known as PUFA synthases. Here, we report for the first time the characterization of such PUFA synthases from terrestrial origin. Two distinct types of PUFA biosynthetic gene clusters were discovered, originating from linoleic acid producing myxobacteria of the genus Sorangium as well as from species of the recently discovered myxobacterial genus Aetherobacter, that turned out to be prolific producers of EPA and DHA. The identified biosynthetic pathways differ significantly from the marine systems in terms of gene organization, catalytic domain arrangement, and sequence identity of the encoded PUFA synthases. Notably, a unique domain, which most likely acts as 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase, was identified in these myxobacterial PUFA synthases. As the native producer strains grow slowly, are difficult to handle, and genetic modification has proven difficult, synthetic biotechnology approaches were applied to establish a heterologous production platform in the myxobacterial model strain Myxococcus xanthus.
Method for Accurately Calibrating a Spectrometer Using Broadband Light (2011)

A novel method has been developed for performing very fine calibration of a spectrometer. This process is particularly useful for modern miniature charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrometers where a typical factory wavelength calibration has been performed and a finer, more accurate calibration is desired. Typically, the factory calibration is done with a spectral line source that generates light at known wavelengths, allowing specific pixels in the CCD array to be assigned wavelength values. This method is good to about 1 nm across the spectrometer s wavelength range. This new method appears to be accurate to about 0.1 nm, a factor of ten improvement. White light is passed through an unbalanced Michelson interferometer, producing an optical signal with significant spectral variation. A simple theory can be developed to describe this spectral pattern, so by comparing the actual spectrometer output against this predicted pattern, errors in the wavelength assignment made by the spectrometer can be determined.
Nucleocapsid- and virus-like particles assemble in cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses or vaccinia viruses expressing the M and the S segments of Hantaan virus (1995)

The formation of Hantaan (HTN) virus nucleocapsid-like structures (NLS) or virus-like particles (VLP) from expressed gene products was investigated in two eukaryotic systems. Baculovirus expression of the HTN virus small segment (S), which encodes the viral nucleocapsid protein, resulted in assembly of NLS inside infected insect cells. The NLS and authentic ribonucleocapsids, prepared by detergent disruption of HTN virions, had similar sedimentation characteristics and morphologies, and were recognized by HTN virus N-specific antibodies. Co-expression of S and the medium segment (M), which encodes the two viral envelope glycoproteins (G1 and G2), did not efficiently generate VLP in the baculovirus-insect cell system, but VLP were observed in lysates and supernatants of cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus co-expressing HTN virus M and S. The VLP sedimented in sucrose to densities consistent with HTN virions, and some of them bore a striking resemblance to Hantaan virions when examined by immunoelectron microscopy.
Process boundaries of irreversible scCO<sub>2</sub>‐assisted phase separation in biphasic whole‐cell biocatalysis (2015)

The formation of stable emulsions in biphasic biotransformations catalyzed by microbial cells turned out to be a major hurdle for industrial implementation. Recently, a cost-effective and efficient downstream processing approach, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2 ) for both irreversible emulsion destabilization (enabling complete phase separation within minutes of emulsion treatment) and product purification via extraction has been proposed by Brandenbusch et al. (2010). One of the key factors for a further development and scale-up of the approach is the understanding of the mechanism underlying scCO2 -assisted phase separation. A systematic approach was applied within this work to investigate the various factors influencing phase separation during scCO2 treatment (that is pressure, exposure of the cells to CO2 , and changes of cell surface properties). It was shown that cell toxification and cell disrupture are not responsible for emulsion destabilization. Proteins from the aqueous phase partially adsorb to cells present at the aqueous-organic interface, causing hydrophobic cell surface characteristics, and thus contribute to emulsion stabilization. By investigating the change in cell-surface hydrophobicity of these cells during CO2 treatment, it was found that a combination of catastrophic phase inversion and desorption of proteins from the cell surface is responsible for irreversible scCO2 mediated phase separation. These findings are essential for the definition of process windows for scCO2 -assisted phase separation in biphasic whole-cell biocatalysis.
Propagation of an infertile hermaphrodite mouse lacking germ cells by using nuclear transfer and embryonic stem cell technology (2004)

Animals generated by systematic mutagenesis and routine breeding are often infertile because they lack germ cells, and maintenance of such lines of animals has been impossible. We found a hermaphrodite infertile mouse in our colony, a genetic male with an abnormal Y chromosome lacking developing germ cells. We tried to clone this mouse by conventional nuclear transfer but without success. ES cells produced from blastocysts, which had been cloned by using somatic cell nuclear transfer (ntES cells) from this mouse, were also unable to produce offspring when injected into enucleated oocytes. Although we were able to produce two chimeric offspring using these ntES cells by tetraploid complementation, they were infertile, because they also lacked developing germ cells. However, when such ntES cells were injected into normal diploid blastocysts, many chimeric offspring were produced. One such male offspring transmitted hermaphrodite mouse genes to fertile daughters via X chromosome-bearing sperm. Thus, ntES cells were used to propagate offspring from infertile mice lacking germ cells.
Spatial control of photonic nanojets (2016)

For a long time, light focusing from microspheres has been intensively researched. The microsphere has been shown to be capable of generating a high intensity beam with sub-wavelength width, known as a photonic nanojet (PNJ). In this article, we present a detailed report on the properties of a new asymmetrical microstructure, consisting of a supporting stage and a spherical cap, and demonstrate precise engineering of the PNJ characteristics by simply selecting its geometrical dimensions. More importantly, we find that a single asymmetrical microstructure can generate an ultra-elongated PNJ on the shadow side and the cascade of two asymmetrical elements can generate a PNJ with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) waist down to 0.27λ. In addition, because of the presence of energy convergence regions within the second element, an ultra-narrow PNJ can be generated even when the length of the second element in the cascade is many orders of magnitude greater than the wavelength or deviates somewhat from the optimal dimensions. This offers design flexibility and manufacturing tolerance, which has not been demonstrated in the conventional microsphere design or its derivatives. We believe that these remarkable performance features make the asymmetrical structure and its cascade attractive in numerous applications.
Identification of a geldanamycin dimer that induces the selective degradation of HER-family tyrosine kinases. (2000)

Geldanamycin (GM) is a natural antibiotic that binds Hsp90 and induces the degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases, steroid receptors, and Raf. It is a potent inhibitor of cancer cells that overexpress HER-kinases, but its effects on other important proteins may cause significant toxicity and limit its clinical use. We report the synthesis and identification of a GM dimer, GMD-4c, which had selective activity against HER-kinases. Selectivity was a function of linker length and required two intact GM moieties. GMD-4c is a potent inducer of G1 block and apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines that overexpress HER2, but does not appreciably inhibit the growth of 32D cells that lack HER-kinases. GMD-4c could be useful in the treatment of carcinomas dependent on HER-kinases.
A single-polarization fiber (1983)

We report an oPtical fiber which guides only one polarization. This fiber polarizer utilizes high modal birefringence ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4.7 \times 10^{-4}</tex> ) to split the two polarizations of the fundamental mode and an ellipitcal depressed-index cladding to provide a steep wavelength-dependent tunneling loss to the fast axis mode. The stress-induced birefringence is created by an elliptical SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> inner cladding. A 4.7-m length of polarizer fiber exhibits an extinction ratio of 34 dB at a wavelength of 633 nm, with polarizing behavior over a bandwidth of 50 nm. Insertion loss of less than 1 dB has been observed for the guided linear-polarization mode. The polarizing band may be shifted from 620 to 525 nm by bending the fiber to a radius of 0.67 cm. Such fiber polarizers should find a variety of applications in fiber sensors, attenuators, isolators, wavelength filters, and tuners.