gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pilot to Full-Field Polymer Application in One of the Largest Onshore Field in India (2014)

Abstract The paper discusses the full-field polymer flood implementation plan post successful pilot result in one of the largest onshore fields in India. Mangala field contains multi-Darcy sandstones that have high porosity and very low connate water saturation and low temperature (65 degC). The connate water salinity is low (~6500 total dissolved solids), The crude is waxy and viscous, which results in unfavorable mobility for water-flooding, Chemical flood was identified as a potential EOR method during a screening study. A normal 5 spot polymer flooding pilot has been conducted and results are encouraging in terms of additional oil recovery and reduction of water cut. Additionally much has been learnt about how to optimize the surface facility, polymer preparation, and polymer quality monitoring. Following the successful completion of the pilot, it is planned to implement a polymer flood for the fullfield. All the lab results and pilot learnings have been incorporated to minimize the uncertainty and risks. Different subsurface injection pattern concepts have been evaluated based on the reservoir characteristics. Various parameters like pattern and number of wells, polymer viscosity, tapered vs. fixed concentration, polymer slug sizes and other variables have been optimized and are discussed in the paper. Sensitivities to capture the impact of polymer adsorption, implementation schedule, conformance in injectors, visco-elastic effect of polymer, polymer shear thinning characteristics etc. on recovery have been studied. Learning from pilot has been used in selecting the surface facility, well design, pumping facility, selective completion for conformance control, surface pressure requirement, and designing to minimize the viscosity loss across the completion and sand face. Surface facilities concepts have been finalized to prepare concentrated polymer at a single location and pumping it to each well for injection. Polymer flooding has the potential to significantly improve the sweep efficiency in the field and to increase expected ultimate recovery (EUR). The project is one of the largest in the world in terms of scale, polymer usage, and related facility and logistics.
An Appeal to Heaven: The Language of Rights on the Eve of American Independence (2004)

The scene is numbingly familiar. In urban centers one encounters ordinary men and women pouring into the streets. They demand greater freedom, an end to political oppression, a recognition of human equality, and the establishment of democratic procedures. Throughout restless and unstable societies, nongovernment organizations speak in the name of the people, seizing authority from autocratic regimes that seem to have lost legitimacy. Protesters champion the language of rights. Without working out the philosophic niceties of their own claims for due process and toleration, the downtrodden assert that simply because they are human beings they deserve the same liberty enjoyed by others who happen to control power. A demonstration of this sort could occur anywhere in the modern world. What contemporary Americans often forget is that the description also captures their own revolution, a violent regime change that began as a colonial rebellion against an empire of unquestioned military superiority.
Avirulent Uracil Auxotrophs Based on Disruption of Orotidine-5′-Monophosphate Decarboxylase Elicit Protective Immunity to <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2010)

The orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC) gene, encoding the final enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, was deleted using Toxoplasma gondii KU80 knockouts to develop an avirulent nonreverting pyrimidine auxotroph strain. Additionally, to functionally address the role of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, the uridine phosphorylase (UP) salvage activity was knocked out and a double knockout of UP and OMPDC was also constructed. The nonreverting DeltaOMPDC, DeltaUP, and DeltaOMPDC DeltaUP knockout strains were evaluated for pyrimidine auxotrophy, for attenuation of virulence, and for their ability to elicit potent immunity to reinfection. The DeltaUP knockout strain was replication competent and virulent. In contrast, the DeltaOMPDC and DeltaOMPDC DeltaUP strains were uracil auxotrophs that rapidly lost their viability during pyrimidine starvation. Replication of the DeltaOMPDC strain but not the DeltaOMPDC DeltaUP strain was also partially rescued in vitro with uridine or cytidine supplementation. Compared to their hypervirulent parental type I strain, the DeltaOMPDC and DeltaOMPDC DeltaUP knockout strains exhibited extreme attenuation in murine virulence (approximately 8 logs). Genetic complementation of the DeltaOMPDC strain using a functional OMPDC allele restored normal replication and type I parental strain virulence phenotypes. A single immunization of mice with either the live critically attenuated DeltaOMPDC strain or the DeltaOMPDC DeltaUP knockout strain effectively induced potent protective immunity to lethal challenge infection. The avirulent nonreverting DeltaOMPDC and DeltaOMPDC DeltaUP strains provide new tools for the dissection of the host response to infection and are promising candidates for safe and effective Th1 vaccine platforms that can be easily genetically engineered.
Gaussian process dynamical models for nonparametric speech representation and synthesis (2012)

We propose Gaussian process dynamical models (GPDMs) as a new, nonparametric paradigm in acoustic models of speech. These use multidimensional, continuous state-spaces to overcome familiar issues with discrete-state, HMM-based speech models. The added dimensions allow the state to represent and describe more than just temporal structure as systematic differences in mean, rather than as mere correlations in a residual (which dynamic features or AR-HMMs do). Being based on Gaussian processes, the models avoid restrictive parametric or linearity assumptions on signal structure. We outline GPDM theory, and describe model setup and initialization schemes relevant to speech applications. Experiments demonstrate subjectively better quality of synthesized speech than from comparable HMMs. In addition, there is evidence for unsupervised discovery of salient speech structure.
<title>Polarization-based microscopy using a fiber optic spectral polarimeter</title> (2002)

We present a fiber optic spectral polarimeter, an instrument that allows measurement of the spectrally resolved Stokes parameters. The instrument consists of a pair of polarization maintaining (PM) fibers spliced at 45 degree(s) with respect to each other in line with a polarizer module whose transmission axis is aligned to the fast axis of the first PM fiber. The generated spectrum is composed of three quasi- cosinusoidal components, which carry information required to reconstruct the spectrally resolved Stokes parameters of incident light. Fourier transform of the measured spectrum provides the significant parameters for determination of the spectrally resolved Stokes parameters of light. The performance of the fiber optic spectral polarimeter is demonstrated by the computer simulation and experiments with input light of known polarization states. A unique characteristic of this instrument is that the spectrally resolved polarization state of incident light can be determined from one spectral measurement without any mechanical movement. Moreover, the instrument can be incorporated into a tomographic imaging system such as a conventional microscopy system. Polarization based microscopy combined with a fiber optic spectral polarimeter will provide measurements that allow better understanding of depolarization process of light passing through biological materials for diagnostic imaging.
Control of Brain Volume During Hyperosmolar and Hypoosmolar Conditions (1993)

The brain is particularly vulnerable to disturbances of body fluid osmolality. Studies in animals indicate that brain adaptation to osmotic stresses is a very complex process involving transient changes in water content and sustained changes in electrolyte and organic osmolyte contents. Appreciation of the nature of the adaptation process enables a better understanding of the marked variations in neurological sequelae that characterize hyper- and hypoosmolar states and provides a basis for more rational therapy.
Opportunities and Reality of Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries (2020)

Abstract Despite the dominance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in today's battery market, they are not flawless. Accordingly, the battery community is striving to strengthen the global battery portfolio with alternative systems. One branch of this effort is research into aqueous rechargeable batteries (ARBs). The simplicity of this concept, as well as rising safety concerns in commercial LIBs, has attracted numerous ARB‐related investigations in the past decade. Such heightened interest calls for a critical assessment of the field, especially with respect to its current state and potential opportunities. This essay examines the reality of ARBs in terms of their current socio‐technological context, which has been formed through a long history of battery research and development, often intertwined with social demands of the time. Attention is directed toward rechargeable batteries, briefly discussing their history, chemistry, and applications. The emergence of LIBs and their quick rise to market dominance with the concurrent fall of primitive ARBs serves as context for evaluating the current reality for newly emerging ARBs. Assessing their current position in academia and the battery market allows us to identify future opportunities and hurdles for incorporating ARBs into the global battery portfolio.
Temperature measurement method using temperature coefficient timing for resistive or capacitive sensors (2023)

A method and apparatus for temperature measurement especially suited for low cost, low power, moderate accuracy implementation. It uses a sensor whose resistance varies in a known manner, either linearly or nonlinearly, with temperature, and produces a digital output which is proportional to the temperature of the sensor. The method is based on performing a zero-crossing time measurement of a step input signal that is double differentiated using two differentiators functioning as respective first and second time constants; one temperature stable, and the other varying with the sensor temperature.
Analog circuitry for the van der Pol and FitzHugh-Nagumo equations (1983)

An analog circuit for the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations is given that uses readily available integrated circuitry. The mathematical model for this circuit is derived, and simple analysis is given, to show how the circuit works. Specifications for a reliable and easily built analog neuron are given with components that cost only a few dollars. The circuit is useful as a research and educational device.
The Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2007)

Great progress in the understanding of the molecular genetics of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been made over the last 10 years. Strong epidemiological evidence, based initially on concordance data in twin/family studies, led to the application of genome-wide linkage analysis involving multiply affected families and the identification of a number of susceptibility loci. Further characterization of the IBD1 locus on chromosome 16 led to the discovery of the NOD2/CARD15 gene as the first susceptibility gene in Crohn's disease for 2001. This landmark finding has led to a redirection of basic research in IBD with interest focused principally on regulation of the innate immune response and mucosal barrier function. Within the last year, the use of genome-wide association studies has provided new insights into primary pathogenetic mechanisms; several new genes such as the Interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) and ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1) genes are strongly implicated. Overall, these studies promise to change our fundamental understanding of IBD pathophysiology and to have implications for clinical practice.
Photothermal Therapy Generates a Thermal Window of Immunogenic Cell Death in Neuroblastoma (2018)

A thermal "window" of immunogenic cell death (ICD) elicited by nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) in an animal model of neuroblastoma is described. In studies using Prussian blue nanoparticles to administer photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) to established localized tumors in the neuroblastoma model, it is observed that PBNP-PTT conforms to the "more is better" paradigm, wherein higher doses of PBNP-PTT generates higher cell/local heating and thereby more cell death, and consequently improved animal survival. However, in vitro analysis of the biochemical correlates of ICD (ATP, high-motility group box 1, and calreticulin) elicited by PBNP-PTT demonstrates that PBNP-PTT triggers a thermal window of ICD. ICD markers are highly expressed within an optimal temperature (thermal dose) window of PBNP-PTT (63.3-66.4 °C) as compared with higher (83.0-83.5 °C) and lower PBNP-PTT (50.7-52.7 °C) temperatures, which both yield lower expression. Subsequent vaccination studies in the neuroblastoma model confirm the in vitro findings, wherein PBNP-PTT administered within the optimal temperature window results in long-term survival (33.3% at 100 d) compared with PBNP-PTT administered within the higher (0%) and lower (20%) temperature ranges, and controls (0%). The findings demonstrate a tunable immune response to heat generated by PBNP-PTT, which should be critically engaged in the administration of PTT for maximizing its therapeutic benefits.
DONATIVO AL ARCHIVO HISTÓRICO DE LA UNAM (1989)

LA LICENCIADA ESTHER MONTERO HERN NDEZ DONO AL ARCHIVO HISTORICO DE LA UNAM UN IMPORTANTE TESTIMONIO DOCUMENTAL -CARTELES, VOLANTES, FOTOGRAFIAS Y ARTICULOS DE PRENSA- SOBRE EL MOVIMIENTO ESTUDIANTIL DE 1968. EL ACTO TUVO VERIFICATIVO EN EL AUDITORIO DEL CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS SOBRE LA UNIVERSIDAD (CESU).
Low-cost cavity-dumped femtosecond Cr:LiSAF laser producing >100 nJ pulses (2010)

We report a low-cost cavity-dumped Cr:colquiriite laser for generating enhanced pulse energies. Four single-mode laser diodes were used to pump a Cr:LiSAF laser, which was mode locked with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. Cavity dumping at 10 kHz repetition rate, the laser generated approximately 120 fs pulses at approximately 825 nm, with 112 nJ pulse energies and approximately 0.93 MW of peak power, using only approximately 600 mW of incident pump power. At higher dumping rates of up to 1 MHz, reduced pulse energies of 62 nJ could be generated. Two-photon absorption in the saturable absorber mirror limits pulse durations, while Q-switching instabilities limit pulse energy extraction.
Composite MLCCs with X7R characteristics (2002)

The low-sintering composite multilayer ceramic capacitors (CMLCCs) having K-value in excess of 7200 with X7R characteristics (-55/spl sim/+125/spl deg/C, /spl plusmn/15%) have been successfully developed. The CMLCCs incorporate four PMN-PNN-PT or PMN-PT based ceramics with different Curie temperatures as the principal components. The green tapes and inner electrodes are stacked during green printing according to a certain order and cofired to prepare this kind of multi-material multilayer chip component. According to the parallel-connecting model of capacitance, the dielectric constant (K) of CMLCC can be approximately determined by the proportion of four dielectrics with different Curie temperatures. The small difference between the calculative curve and testing curve can be explained by the mutual diffusion among different dielectrics via the inner electrode. The research results show that it is feasible to produce chip components with high performance by cofiring multi-phases materials.
Investigation on Laser-annealing and Subsequent Laser-nanotexturing of Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Films for Photovoltaic Application (2010)

3+ :YAG laser is reported. The technique involved is laser annealing and subsequent laser nano texturing by over lapping the laser spot by 50% and 90% of the diameter. Experimental investigations were per- formed using third (355 nm), second (532 nm) and fundamental harmonics (1064 nm) of the pulsed Nd 3+ :YAG laser. To investigate the texturization AFM measurement was performed. Absorbance and photoconductivity measurements were performed to analyze the photovoltaic properties of thin films. The process was theoretically analyzed using a 3-D heat transformation model in FEMLAB software. 355 nm laser assisted nano-texturing with 90% overlap showed an improvement in crys- talline property and improved textured surface with a higher absorbance as compared to that of 50% overlap.
A Multi-Phase Mud Filtrate Invasion and Wellbore Filter Cake Formation Model (1994)

ABSTRACT Mathematical modeling for prediction of the distribution and mixing of mud filtrates in the reservoir formation surrounding a well being drilled and the filter cake build-up and its effect on the mud filtrate invasion into the formation, as well as the resulting formation damage effects is presented. The model can simulate the single and two-phase flow situations in the formation with water or oil based drilling mud cases. External particle invasion during the early period of filter cake initiation and its effect on the formation damage by particle migration and retention is considered. An application involving radial flow is given. This model is a useful tool for accurate interpretation of oil-mud-fluid system saturations and resistivity profiles which are essential for the development of efficient well-log interpretation.
In vitro Activities of A-Gliadin-Related Synthetic Peptides Damaging Effect on the Atrophic Coeliac Mucosa and Activation of Mucosal Immune Response in the Treated Coeliac Mucosa (1996)

Our results suggest that 31-43 and 44-55 A-gliadin peptides are both active, even if to different extents. In vitro systems remain essential tools to screen material to be subsequently tested in vivo.
Stimulation of murine natural killer (NK) cells by a monoclonal antibody specific for the NK1.1 antigen. IL-2-activated NK cells possess additional specific stimulation pathways (1991)

NK cells lyse certain tumor cell targets but the effector cell surface molecules responsible for this reactivity remain uncertain. The allotypic NK1.1 Ag is the most specific serologic marker on murine cells that display non-MHC-restricted cytolysis of tumor cell targets, but no function has been previously ascribed to this Ag. In this report, we demonstrate that, in the presence of a mAb specific for the NK1.1 Ag (mAb PK136), freshly isolated and IL-2-activated NK cells from C57BL/6 mice can be induced to lyse an otherwise resistant target cell, Daudi. This phenomenon is effector and mAb specific because NK cells derived from BALB/c mice do not express the NK1.1 Ag and cannot be triggered by mAb PK136. We demonstrate that IL-2 activated but not freshly isolated NK cells express the Ly-6 and VEA Ag, originally described as T cell activation Ag. Moreover, mAb specific for Ly-6 and VEA induce target cell lysis by IL-2 activated but not freshly isolated NK cells. These mAb effects are specific, concentration dependent, and display kinetics that are similar to spontaneous cytolysis of NK-sensitive targets. The Fc portion of the activating antibodies and only FcR bearing target cells participate in mAb-induced activation, consistent with the mechanism of redirected lysis. Finally, analysis of Daudi cells transfected with beta 2-microglobulin gene demonstrate that the expression of MHC class I Ag by the target cell does not affect its sensitivity to mAb-induced lysis by NK cells. These data demonstrate that the NK1.1 Ag is functionally active on both freshly isolated and IL-2-activated NK cells and that IL-2-activated NK cells possess additional pathways of specific stimulation.
Logistic map: A possible random-number generator (1995)

The logistic map is one of the simple systems exhibiting order to chaos transition. In this work we have investigated the possibility of using the logistic map in the chaotic regime (logmap) for a pseudorandom-number generator. To this end we have performed certain statistical tests on the series of numbers obtained from the logmap. We find that the logmap passes these tests satisfactorily and therefore it possesses many properties required of a pseudorandom-number generator.
Text Segmentation in Colour Posters from the Spanish Civil War Era (2009)

The extraction of textual content from colour documents of a graphical nature is a complicated task. The text can be rendered in any colour, size and orientation while the existence of complex background graphics with repetitive patterns can make its localization and segmentation extremely difficult. Here, we propose a new method for extracting textual content from such colour images that makes no assumption as to the size of the characters, their orientation or colour, while it is tolerant to characters that do not follow a straight baseline. We evaluate this method on a collection of documents with historical connotations: the posters from the Spanish Civil War.
국제여행알선업의 경영합리화 방안에 관한 연구 (1982)

1. Preface 1. The purpose of this study is to look into the function and role at international Travel Agencies, that is, the leading industry of service industries, to discover problems through the present situation analysis, and to suggest the plan of rearing International Travel Agencies in Korea. 2. The method of this study is based upon the studies on its related document, the interviews with managers and working inert of 24 International Travel Agencies, my working experience in International Travel Agency, and recognition through my Precedent study. II. Function and Role of International Travel Agencies 1. Function : to create the demand of travel. 2. Role : to promote the generalization of travel. III. Present Situation Analysis and Problems of International Travel Agencies. 1. Present Situation Analysis 1) general present situation analysis. 2) Financial present situation analysis. 2. Problems 1) Insufficiency in systematic personnel and organization management. 2) Weakness in financial structure. 3) T/o system and inducement obligation. 4) Region preponderance and small-scale capital. 5) Insufficiency in planning and production system. 6) Instability in personnel supply-demand and lackness in professional employers. 7) Insufficiency of tourist development fund support. IV. Counterplan in rearing International Travel Agencies. 1. Systematic personnel and organization management. 2. Improvement of` Financial Structure. 3. Development of subsidiary enterprise. 4. Classification of whole Baler and retailer. 5. Specialization of commodities and regions. 6. Development of new commodities. 7. Rearing professional employers. 8. Tourist development fund support and a support by a taxation system. 9. Inducement on joint investment. V. Conclusion So far travel agencies have concentrated their efforts on mass-production and low price, but from now on the: equipment of basic qualities as service industries, like improvement of product contents facing supply-diversification, improvement of human services, etc, is required.