gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systematic error-correcting codes for rank modulation (2012)

The rank modulation scheme has been proposed recently for efficiently writing and storing data in nonvolatile memories. Error-correcting codes are very important for rank modulation, and they have attracted interest among researchers. In this work, we explore a new approach, systematic error-correcting codes for rank modulation. In an (n, k) systematic code, we use the permutation induced by the levels of n cells to store data, and the permutation induced by the first k cells (k <; n) has a one-to-one mapping to information bits. Systematic codes have the benefits of enabling efficient information retrieval and potentially supporting more efficient encoding and decoding procedures. We study systematic codes for rank modulation equipped with the Kendall's τ-distance. We present (k + 2, k) systematic codes for correcting one error, which have optimal sizes unless perfect codes exist. We also study the design of multi-error-correcting codes, and prove that for any 2 ≤ k <; n, there always exists an (n, k) systematic code of minimum distance n-k. Furthermore, we prove that for rank modulation, systematic codes achieve the same capacity as general error-correcting codes.
Flip chip MEMS microphone package with large acoustic reference volume (2010)

MEMS microphones must be further miniaturized for use in mobile devices. So we developed packaging technologies for MEMS microphones using flip chip technology instead of wire bonding. The first two generations have the sound hole in a ceramic interposer at the bottom side of the package. Now a new flip chip microphone package with the sound hole on the top side has been developed. The new package technology combines a large acoustic reference volume for good signal to noise ratio with small size. Compared to other microphone packages the sensitivity is improved by 3 dB. The front volume is small to avoid resonances in the acoustic frequency range.
Peptidyl Thiophenols as Substrates for Nonribosomal Peptide Cyclases (2004)

Im kleinen Kreis: Kurze Peptide werden in der Natur spezifisch durch nichtribosomale Cyclasen (Thioesterasen, TEs) cyclisiert. Allerdings sind Versuche, künstliche N-Acetylcysteaminthioester(SNAC)-Mimetika als Substrate dieser Enzyme in vitro einzusetzen, bislang häufig fehlgeschlagen. Die vorgestellten aromatischen Peptidylthioester lösen dieses Problem durch selektive Acylierung des aktiven Zentrums der Cyclasen (siehe Schema).
High Resolution Frequency Comb Molecular Spectroscopy (2013)

Frequency combs serve as an extremely high accuracy reference across broad portions of the optical spectrum. Dual frequency combs harness this accuracy and allow for fast and highly fidelity molecular spectroscopy.
Novel Configuration and Transient Management Control Strategy for VSC-HVDC (2014)

This paper presents a novel system configuration for voltage source converter (VSC)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission connected to a large-scale offshore wind power plant (WPP). The proposed scheme is reconfigured at the onshore end to achieve shunt and series compensation, which is named as `Unified-VSC-HVDC' (U-VSC-HVDC). A mathematical model of the proposed configuration is derived to determine the rating of the employed series and shunt converters. To achieve a flexible control strategy for balanced and unbalanced fault conditions, the proposed transient management scheme employs positive and negative sequence controllers for the series compensation. The negative sequence voltage components are determined in such a way as to minimize power oscillations caused by asymmetrical faults, and hence to reduce DC link voltage overshoots. A test system comprised of a detailed representation of the proposed configuration is simulated and evaluated using PSCAD/EMTDC. A comprehensive study validates the capability of the proposed configuration and transient management scheme for achieving smooth power transfer and superior transient performance of the electrical grid. Also, it minimizes the possibilities of electrical network propagations in response to symmetrical and asymmetrical grid faults.
Identification of a Herpes Simplex Labialis Susceptibility Region on Human Chromosome 21 (2008)

Background. Most of the United States population is infected with either herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2, or both. Reactivations of HSV-1 infection cause herpes simplex labialis (HSL; cold sores or fever blisters), which is the most common recurring viral infection in humans.
Mechanical sensitivity enhancement of silicon based photonic crystal micro-pressure sensor (2010)

We describe here a sensor consisting of a line defect photonic crystal waveguide suspended over a silicon substrate. Under applied pressure, the photonic crystal waveguide is deflected toward the substrate, causing a decrease in optical transmission due to the coupling of the waveguide field to the silicon substrate. Bridge engineering can increase the mechanical sensitivity of the bridge: maintaining constant bridge footage, we are able to increase sensitivity by about 5.5 times.
Systemically Delivered Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Disseminate to Peripheral Artery Walls and Reduce Vasomotor Tone Through a CD11b+ Cell-Dependent Mechanism (2015)

Abstract Vasoactivity, an important aspect of tissue healing, is often compromised in disease and tissue injury. Dysfunction in the smaller vasoactive arteries is most impactful, given the role of these vessels in controlling downstream tissue perfusion. The adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a mix of homeostatic cells shown to promote tissue healing. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that autologous SVF cells therapeutically modulate peripheral artery vasoactivity in syngeneic mouse models of small artery function. Analysis of vasoactivity of saphenous arteries isolated from normal mice 1 week after intravenous injection of freshly isolated SVF cells revealed that pressure-dependent artery vasomotor tone was decreased by the SVF cell isolate, but not one depleted of CD11b+ cells. Scavenging hydrogen peroxide in the vessel wall abrogated the artery relaxation promoted by the SVF cell isolate. Consistent with a CD11b+ cell being the relevant cell type, SVF-derived F4/80-positive macrophages were present within the adventitia of the artery wall coincident with vasorelaxation. In a model of artery inflammation mimicking a common disease condition inducing vasoactive dysfunction, the SVF cells potentiated relaxation of saphenous arteries without structurally remodeling the artery via a CD11b+ cell-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that freshly isolated, adipose SVF cells promote vasomotor relaxation in vasoactive arteries via a hydrogen peroxide-dependent mechanism that required CD11b+ cells (most likely macrophages). Given the significant impact of small artery dysfunction in disease, we predict that the intravenous delivery of this therapeutic cell preparation would significantly improve tissue perfusion, particularly in diseases with diffuse vascular involvement.
Time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (2008)

This paper provides a tutorial review of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters. After explaining the impact of offset, gain, timing and other mismatches on converter performance, current solutions to the mismatch problems are presented. The paper concludes with a summary of the current-state-of-the art for time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters.
<i>N</i>-Phenyl-4-pyrazolo[1,5-<i>b</i>]pyridazin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-amines as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 with Good Cellular Efficacy (2004)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates glycogen synthase, the rate-determining enzyme for glycogen synthesis. Liver and muscle glycogen synthesis is defective in type 2 diabetics, resulting in elevated plasma glucose levels. Inhibition of GSK-3 could potentially be an effective method to control plasma glucose levels in type 2 diabetics. Structure-activity studies on a N-phenyl-4-pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-amine series have led to the identification of potent and selective compounds with good cellular efficacy. Molecular modeling studies have given insights into the mode of binding of these inhibitors. Since the initial leads were also potent inhibitors of CDK-2/CDK-4, an extensive SAR was performed at various positions of the pyrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazin core to afford potent GSK-3 inhibitors that were highly selective over CDK-2. In addition, these inhibitors also exhibited very good cell efficacy and functional response. A representative example was shown to have good oral exposure levels, extending their utility in an in vivo setting. These inhibitors provide a viable lead series in the discovery of new therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Ascorbato(1,2-diaminocyclohexane):platinum(II) complexes, a new series of water-soluble antitumor drugs. (1985)

Dichloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH):platinum(II), the prototype DACH:platinum complex, had good antitumor activity, was not cross-resistant with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP), but was, unfortunately, virtually insoluble in water and was, therefore, not evaluated clinically. This paper summarizes some of the chemical and biological attributes of a series of cis-bisascorbato-DACH:platinum(II) complexes (DAP). Although the primary emphasis has been placed on the DAP complex consisting of the isomeric mixture DACH, a series of complexes using the isomers of either DACH or ascorbic acid have also been synthesized. The synthetic procedure entailed reacting the water-soluble sulfato-DACH:platinum(II) with barium ascorbate, and the water-soluble product DAP was removed from the BaSO4 precipitate by filtration. Based upon elemental analysis, all the complexes had stoichiometric composition of one DACH:one platinum and two ascorbate monoanions. High-pressure liquid chromatography of cis-bisascorbato (mixed-isomer DACH):platinum revealed a series of platinum-containing, ultraviolet-absorbing peaks. All the DAP complexes had significant in vitro cytotoxicity against L1210 leukemia cells (L1210/0) with 50%-inhibitory dose values ranging from 2 to 5 micrograms/ml. None of the complexes was cross-resistant with DDP when tested in vitro against L1210 cells 50-fold resistant to DDP (L1210/DDP). The cis-bisascorbato (mixed-isomer DACH):platinum (DAP-1) was administered i.p. to C57BL X DBA/2 F1 mice inoculated i.p. with 10(6) L1210/0 cells. When administered on Days 1, 5, and 9, the DAP-1 complex consistently produced treated:control values in excess of 200% with several long-term survivors (alive 60 days after tumor inoculation). Further, the DAP-1 complex was totally non-cross-resistant with DDP when tested in vivo against a DDP-resistant L1210 line. Toxicological investigations revealed that DAP-1 was relatively nonnephrotoxic but did cause the expected bone marrow and gastrointestinal toxicity. In summary, the DAP complexes are highly water-soluble, nonnephrotoxic platinum complexes with sufficient antitumor activity to warrant further pharmacological, biochemical, and chemical investigations.
Characterization of an Exo‐Maltotetraose‐forming Amylase of<i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i>and Application in<i>p</i>‐Nitrophenyl β‐<scp>D</scp>‐Galactosyl‐α‐Maltooligosaccharides Production (1997)

Abstract Some kinetic characteristics and hydrolytic action patterns on various β‐ D ‐galactosyl‐maltooligosaccharides (Gal‐Gn), ranging in size from D.P. (degree of polymerization) 5 to 8, of an exo‐maltotetraose‐forming amylase of Pseudomonas stutzeri (G4‐amylase) were examined to produce a few p ‐nitrophenyl β‐ D ‐galactosyl‐α‐maltooligosaccharides (Gal‐GnP, n = 4,5). The relative hydrolytic reaction rates for larger Gal‐Gn by the enzyme were larger than those for smaller saccharides tough the values for unmodified linear maltooligosachharides were almost same. Michaelis constants ( K m) for hydrolysis of Gal‐G4, Gal‐G5, Gal‐G6 and Gal‐G7 by the enzyme were 1.3, 1.9, 1.3 and 1.3mM, and apparent molecular activities ( k o) for these saccharides were 5.9, 38, 91 and 126s −1 , respectively. The values of k o/ K m for them were remarkably smaller than those for unmodified linear maltooligosaccharides. The G4‐amylase cleaved 2 points of the α‐1,4‐glucosidic linkage in β‐1,4‐Gal‐G4 to give β‐1,4‐Gal‐G2 and ‐Gal‐G3 in the molar ratio of 3:1, whereas the enzyme attacked 3 points of the linkage in β‐1,4‐Gal‐G5, ‐Gal‐G6 and ‐Gal‐G7 to form β‐1,4‐Gal‐G2,‐Gal‐G3 and Gal‐G4 in the molar ratios of 2:5:1, 1:3:6 and 1:3:6, in the early stage of the reaction, respectively. On the other hand, the enzyme showed no action on β‐1,6‐Gal‐G4 and formed β‐1,6‐Gal‐G4 solely from β‐1,6‐Gal‐G5, and β‐1,6‐Gal‐G4 and ‐Gal‐G5 were from β‐1,6‐Gal‐G6 and ‐Gal‐G7 in the ratios of 8:1 and 2:1, respectively. The enzyme also catalyzed the transfer action to produce Gal‐G3P, Gal‐G4P and Gal‐G5P, of which the formation ratio was coincided well with the hydrolytic action pattern on each Gal‐Gn, from Gal‐Gn tested as a donor and p ‐nitrophenyl α‐glucoside (GP) as an acceptor in an aqueous solution containing 40% (v/v) methanol. By using this novel reaction, Gal‐G5P is now producing on an industrial scale to apply as a substrate for the assay of human α‐amylase.
A concept for energy harvesting from quasi-static structural deformations through axially loaded bilaterally constrained columns with multiple bifurcation points (2014)

A major obstacle limiting the development of deployable sensing and actuation solutions is the scarcity of power. Converted energy from ambient loading using piezoelectric scavengers is a possible solution. Most of the previously developed research focused on vibration-based piezoelectric harvesters which are typically characterized by a response with a narrow natural frequency range. Several techniques were used to improve their effectiveness. These methods focus only on the transducer?s properties and configurations, but do little to improve the stimuli from the source. In contrast, this work proposes to focus on the input deformations generated within the structure, and the induction of an amplified amplitude and up-converted frequency toward the harvesters? natural spectrum. This paper introduces the concept of using mechanically-equivalent energy converters and frequency modulators that can transform low-amplitude and low-rate service deformations into an amplified vibration input to the piezoelectric transducer. The introduced concept allows energy conversion within the unexplored quasi-static frequency range (?1?Hz). The post-buckling behavior of bilaterally constrained columns is used as the mechanism for frequency up-conversion. A bimorph cantilever polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric beam is used for energy conversion. Experimental prototypes were built and tested to validate the introduced concept and the levels of extractable power were evaluated for different cases under varying input frequencies. Finally, finite element simulations are reported to provide insight into the scalability and performance of the developed concept.
A trace-driven emulation framework to predict scalability of large clusters in presence of OS Jitter (2008)

Various studies have pointed out the debilitating effects of OS jitter on the performance of parallel applications on large clusters such as the ASCI Purple and the Mare Nostrum at Barcelona Supercomputing Center. These clusters use commodity OSes such as AIX and Linux respectively. The biggest hindrance in evaluating any technique to mitigate jitter is getting access to such large scale production HPC systems running a commodity OS. An earlier attempt aimed at solving this problem was to emulate the effects of OS jitter on more widely available and jitter-free systems such as BlueGene/L. In this paper, we point out the shortcomings of previous such approaches and present the design and implementation of an emulation framework that helps overcome those shortcomings by using innovative techniques. We collect jitter traces on a commodity OS with a given configuration, under which we want to study the scaling behavior. These traces are then replayed on a jitter-free system to predict scalability in presence of OS jitter. The application of this emulation framework to predict scalability is illustrated through a comparative scalability study of an off-the-shelf Linux distribution with a minimal configuration (runlevel 1) and a highly optimized embedded Linux distribution, running on the IO nodes of BlueGene/L. We validate the results of our emulation both on a single node as well as on a real cluster. Our results indicate that an optimized OS along with a technique to synchronize jitter can reduce the performance degradation due to jitter from 99% (in case of the off-the-shelf Linux without any synchronization) to a much more tolerable level of 6% (in case of highly optimized BlueGene/L IO node Linux with synchronization) at 2048 processors. Furthermore, perfect synchronization can give linear scaling with less than 1% slowdown, regardless of the type of OS used. However, as the jitter at different nodes starts getting desynchronized, even with a minor skew across nodes, the optimized OS starts outperforming the off-the-shelf OS.
STUDIES ON REVERSE OSMOSIS FOR CONCENTRATION OF FRUIT JUICES (1974)

ABSTRACTS Data are presented for the osmotic pressures of commercially available lime, lemon, prune, carrot and salted and unsalted tomato juices and their concentrates. Similar data are presented for sucrose‐water and glucose‐sucrose (mole ratio 10:1)‐water solutions in the temperature range 7.5–25°C. The effects of the temperature on parameters of process design show that by operation at a lower temperature it is possible to obtain a higher recovery of aroma compounds in the concentrate in the second stage reverse osmosis treatment of fruit juice water obtained from the first stage treatment. This possibility is confirmed by the experimental results at 7.5°C and 25°C.
Robust Egocentric Photo-realistic Facial Expression Transfer for Virtual Reality (2022)

Social presence, the feeling of being there with a “real” person, will fuel the next generation of communication systems driven by digital humans in virtual reality (VR). The best 3D video-realistic VR avatars that minimize the uncanny effect rely on person-specific (PS) models. However, these PS models are time-consuming to build and are typically trained with limited data variability, which results in poor generalization and robustness. Major sources of variability that affects the accuracy of facial expression transfer algorithms include using different VR headsets (e.g., camera configuration, slop of the headset), facial appearance changes over time (e.g., beard, make-up), and environmental factors (e.g., lighting, backgrounds). This is a major drawback for the scalability of these models in VR. This paper makes progress in overcoming these limitations by proposing an end-to-end multi-identity architecture (MIA) trained with specialized augmentation strategies. MIA drives the shape component of the avatar from three cameras in the VR headset (two eyes, one mouth), in untrained subjects, using minimal personalized information (i.e., neutral 3D mesh shape). Similarly, if the PS texture decoder is available, MIA is able to drive the full avatar (shape + texture) robustly outperforming PS models in challenging scenarios. Our key contribution to improve robustness and generalization, is that our method implicitly decouples, in an unsupervised manner, the facial expression from nuisance factors (e.g., headset, environment, facial appearance). We demonstrate the superior performance and robustness of the proposed method versus state-of-the-art PS approaches in a variety of experiments.
Optimization of orbital trajectory for frequency modulated gyroscope (2014)

We present the detailed analysis of the orbital trajectory of Frequency Modulated (FM) gyroscopes, and the impact of this on the differential frequency output. The FM approach is based on tracking the resonant frequency split between two, high Q-factor mechanical modes of a Rate Integrating Gyroscope, for the purpose of producing a frequency-based measurement of the input angular rate. We show that the output of FM gyroscopes have a strong dependency on the orbital trajectory. For some orbital trajectories, FM gyroscopes provide inherent self-calibration against common-mode influences, such as temperature and stress, while for other trajectories the gyroscope loses these advantages.
Occam’s Inversion of 3-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (1999)

Summary Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) images the electrical properties of the subsurface from dc resistivity measurements between surface and borehole electrodes. We experiment with 3-D inversion of ERT using finite-element forward solution and a conjugate-gradient inverse routine. The algorithm finds the smoothest model (Occam’s inversion) that fits the data to a given prior error level. The algorithm takes 10 to 20 iterations to converge but requires only a single forward solution per iteration and does not require direct solution of a large system of equations. Inversion of data from two sites is shown. The first site tests the ability of ERT to monitor leaks around large metal tanks at the Hanford Reservation in Washington State. Data were collected and inverted from 16 wells placed around a circular tank. The tank is of heavy-gauge steel covered with concrete, is 15 m in diameter, and extends 2 m below the ground surface. The 3-D algorithm was modified to allow the smoothness operator to be decreased at the tank boundary. The 3-D inversion was necessary to produce an accurate picture of the leak. At a second site, ERT was used to monitor the injection of air from a vertical well at a shallow petroleum remediation site. Using a cone penetrometer, three electrode strings were placed in the ground on the corners of a right triangle. The background of the site was assumed to be layered. Results of 3-D and 2-D inversion agreed well when the regions of interest were approximately 2-D. Air injection caused large changes in resistivity. At early times, these were confined to an area near the injection point. Later, the changes were along a dipping, tabular region. At the latest times, there is evidence of mixing of brackish water at the depth of the injection point with freshwater in a shallower aquifer on the site. This mixing would have decreased the resistivity and thus the apparent size and magnitude of the zone of influence of sparging.
Hybridization of optical plasmonics with terahertz metamaterials to create multi-spectral filters (2013)

Multi-spectral imaging systems typically require the cumbersome integration of disparate filtering materials in order to work simultaneously in multiple spectral regions. We show for the first time how a single nano-patterned metal film can be used to filter multi-spectral content from the visible, near infrared and terahertz bands by hybridizing plasmonics and metamaterials. Plasmonic structures are well-suited to the visible band owing to the resonant dielectric properties of metals, whereas metamaterials are preferable at terahertz frequencies where metal conductivity is high. We present the simulated and experimental characteristics of our new hybrid synthetic multi-spectral material filters and demonstrate the independence of the metamaterial and plasmonic responses with respect to each other.