gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
cDNA cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a plasminogen activator inhibitor from human placenta. (1987)

Two nearly full-length cDNAs for placental plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) have been isolated from a human placenta lambda gt11 cDNA library. One positive (lambda PAI-75.1) expressed a protein that could adsorb and purify anti-PAI antibodies. The expressed protein inhibited the activity of human urokinase in a fibrin autography assay, and formed a 79-kDa (reduced) covalent complex with 125I-urokinase that could be immunoprecipitated with anti-PAI. The cDNA insert of the longer isolate (lambda PAI-75.15) consisted of 1909 base pairs, including a 5'-noncoding region of 55 base pairs, an open reading frame of 1245 base pairs, a stop codon, a 3'-noncoding region of 581 base pairs, and a poly(A) tail. The size of the mRNA was estimated to be 2.0 kilobases by Northern blot analysis. The translated amino acid sequence consisted of 415 amino acids, corresponding to a 46.6-kDa protein. The sequence was related to members of the serpin gene family, particularly ovalbumin and the chicken gene Y protein. Like these avian proteins, placental PAI appears to lack a cleavable NH2-terminal signal peptide. Residues 347-376 were identical to the partial sequence reported recently for a PAI isolated from the human monocytic U-937 cell line. Placental PAI mRNA was apparently expressed at low levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but was not detectable in HepG2 hepatoma cells. It was present in U-937 cells and was inducible at least 10-fold by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Thus placental PAI is a unique member of the serpin gene family, distinct from endothelial-type PAI. It is probably identical to monocyte-macrophage PAI.
Plasma-Initiated Polymerization and Copolymerization of Liquid Vinyl Monomers (1979)

A series of vinyl monomers were polymerized via plasma initiation. 1Monomer-copolymer composition relationship for the plasma-initiated copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with styrene. Plasma-initiated polymerization: (•) NMR, ( ✗ ) elemental analysis. Thermal polymerization: (○) NMR, (▵) elemental analysis, (―) theoretical curve. rMMA = 0.46; rsty = 0.52.2NMR spectra of poly(methyl methacryhte-co-styrene) obtained by (1) plasma-initiated polymerization and (2) thermal polymerization. In 0.2% CDCl3; (A) monomer feed: MMA 0.6, sty 0.4; (B) monomer feed: MMA 0.8, sty 0.2.Table 2. Plasma-Initiated Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene*Table 3. Plasma-Initiated Copolymerization MMA with MAA3NMR spectra of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) obtained by (1) plasma-initiated polymerization and (2) thermal polymerization in 0.2% deuterated pyridine. Monomer feed: MMA 0.55, MMA 0.45. Monomers were frozen in ampules, evacuated and sealed. The ampule was then inserted between parallel plate electrodes, and plasma was generated in the vapor phase above the frozen monomer. Post-polymerization was carried out in the liquid state. Methyl methacrylate has been found to yield ultrahigh molecular weight polymers to high conversion. Methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, acrylamide and methacrylamide in aqueous solutions were also polymerized with high yields. However, styrene, α-methylstyrene and higher acrylic esters were not polymerizable via plasma initiation. Copolymerizations of methyl methacrylate with styrene and with methacrylic acid were also carried out. The copolymer composition diagrams are characteristic of those polymerized by free radical mechanism.
Analysis of the Cross-Reactivity of Various 56 kDa Recombinant Protein Antigens with Serum Samples Collected after Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection by ELISA (2011)

Orientia tsutsugamushi, the etiologic agent of scrub typhus, has a highly expressed and immunodominant 56-kD outer membrane protein. This protein is one of the leading candidates for diagnosis and vaccine development for scrub typhus. Previous studies using recombinant 56-kD protein (r56s) derived from Karp strain (Kpr56) in a mouse model have shown good homologous protection but only moderate to poor heterologous protection. We evaluated the cross-reactivity of recombinant 56-kD proteins from Karp, Kato, Gilliam, TA763, and three chimeric 56-kD proteins. Not all r56s are equally reactive with strain-specific serum samples. These data provide a first glance of how reactive these r56s are toward the antiserum of different strains and which r56 exhibits the broadest reactivity. A formulation of this combination has the potential to provide broad protection against the heterologous challenge and to be used in a highly sensitive diagnostic assay.
Synthesis of New Aromatic Polyenaminonitriles with Improved Processability and Thermal Stability (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of New Aromatic Polyenaminonitriles with Improved Processability and Thermal StabilityJ. A. Moore and Parag G. MehtaCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4, 854–859Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00108a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00108a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generation of Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses (2017)

This unit describes how to infect cells with vaccinia virus and then transfect them with a plasmid-transfer vector or PCR fragment to generate a recombinant virus. Selection and screening methods used to isolate recombinant viruses and a method for the amplification of recombinant viruses are described. Finally, a method for live immunostaining that has been used primarily for detection of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is presented. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High voltage floating gate array transistors (1990)

A new high voltage field-effect transistor is described. It features an array of uncontacted gate elements between the main gate and the drain which float so as to inhibit avalanche breakdown. Good agreement is obtained between model predictions and the performance of experimental devices fabricated in Si–TaSi2 semiconductor–metal eutectic material. Transistors are demonstrated which hold off up to 1000 V, compared with the avalanche breakdown potential of 300 V or less expected for conventional devices made with similarly doped silicon.
Energy-sensitive cryogenic detectors for high-mass biomolecule mass spectrometry (1999)

Energy-sensitive calorimetric detectors that operate at low temperatures ("cryogenic detectors") have recently been applied for the first time as ion detectors in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to conventional, ionization-based detectors, which rely on secondary electron formation or the charge created in a semiconductor, cryogenic detectors measure low-energy solid state excitations created by a particle impact. This energy sensitivity of cryogenic detectors results in several potential advantages for TOF-MS. Cryogenic detectors are expected to have near 100% efficiency even for very large, slow-moving molecules, in contrast to microchannel plates whose efficiency drops considerably at large mass. Thus, cryogenic detectors could contribute to extending the mass range accessible by TOF-MS and help improving detection limits. In addition, the energy resolution provided by cryogenic detectors can be used for charge discrimination and studies of ion fragmentation, ion-detector interaction, and internal energies of large molecular ions. Cryogenic detectors could therefore prove to be a valuable diagnostic tool in TOF-MS. Here, we give a general introduction to the cryogenic detector types most applicable to TOF-MS including those types already used in several TOF-MS experiments. We review and compare the results of these experiments, discuss practical aspects of operating cryogenic detectors in TOF-MS systems, and describe potential near future improvements of cryogenic detectors for applications in mass spectrometry.
Patterned Soft Underlayers for Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (2006)

This paper will present an unconventional way to answer the above questions. In contrast to the conventional flat geometry of SUL, it is proposed to use a patterned SUL. FEM-based simulations will be performed to illustrate many key benefits of the use of a patterned SUL.
Bandwidth and low-frequency effects on Brillouin precursors (2015)

It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that Brillouin precursor arises when an ultrawideband (UWB) electromagnetic wave propagates through a dispersive media under certain conditions. It is further verified experimentally that the Brillouin precursor attenuates algebraically as compared to the exponential decay experienced by the carrier. This property of the precursor field can be exploited to design remote sensing system for imaging through dispersive medium that can reach longer propagation distances due to the lower power attenuation.
Roles of RabGEF1/Rabex-5 domains in regulating FcϵRI surface expression and FcϵRI-dependent responses in mast cells (2007)

RabGEF1/Rabex-5, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the endocytic pathway regulator, Rab5, contains a Vps9 domain, an A20-like zinc finger (ZnF) domain, and a coiled coil domain. To investigate the importance of these domains in regulating receptor internalization and cell activation, we lentivirally delivered RabGEF1 mutants into RabGEF1-deficient (-/-) mast cells and examined Fc epsilon RI-dependent responses. Wild-type RabGEF1 expression corrected phenotypic abnormalities in -/- mast cells, including decreased basal Fc epsilon RI expression, slowed Fc epsilon RI internalization, elevated IgE + Ag-induced degranulation and IL-6 production, and the decreased ability of -/- cytosol to support endosome fusion. We showed that RabGEF1's ZnF domain has ubiquitin ligase activity. Moreover, the coiled coil domain of RabGEF1 is required for Rabaptin-5 binding and for maintaining basal levels of Rabaptin-5 and surface Fc epsilon RI. However, mutants lacking either of these domains normalized phenotypic abnormalities in IgE + antigen-activated -/- mast cells. By contrast, correction of these -/- phenotypes required a functional Vps9 domain. Thus, Fc epsilon RI-mediated mast cell functional activation is dependent on RabGEF1's GEF activity.
Magneto-optical photonic crystal-based three-port circulators with low symmetry (2015)

Three-port circulators based on magneto-optical resonators in 2D photonic crystals with low symmetry are investigated. We consider different geometries of the circulators in photonic crystals with triangular and square unit cells. All of the three-ports possess only one specific element of symmetry named antiplane of symmetry. The theoretical part of our paper concerns scattering matrix analysis for different regimes of circulation. In particular, we define the scattering matrices of ideal circulator and a special type of conditions which allow one to transform the nonreciprocal three-port in ideal circulator. One case of non-ideal circulators is considered as well. Finally, one example of the circulator simulations with calculated frequency responses in photonic crystals based on triangular unit cells is presented.
Interpretation of respiratory input impedance in healthy infants (1996)

Respiratory input impedance (Zin) is a potentially informative test of pulmonary function in infants who are unable to perform standard tests commonly performed in children and adults Analysis of Zin in dogs using the six-element model of DuBois et al. (J Appl Physiol 8:587, 1956) provides estimates of airways resistance separate from tissue resistance, as well as an estimate of thoracic gas volume. However, reliable estimates of these parameters can only be obtained when Zin displays a distinct antiresonance that is associated with the tissue inertance and alveolar gas compression compliance. To determine whether infants have such an antiresonance. Zin was measured in nine healthy infants (4 < f < 160 Hz). An antiresonance was found at 112.8-10.4 Hz, and the six-element model fit these data well, but the resulting parameters were physiologically unrealistic. We hypothesized that the antiresonance in the measured Zin is the result of shunt compliance proximal to alveolar gas compression compliance. Gas compression in the face mask and nonrigid upper airway walls could provide such a shunt compliance. We investigated another model with four parameters, a single shunt compliance (Cim) representing gas compression in the face mask in parallel with the infant's total respiratory resistance (Rrs) inertance (Irs), and compliance (Crs). This model fits the data well, and the estimated R, (19.3, 4.2 cmH O/L/s) was physiologically reasonable. However, Crs (Crs 1.03-0.58 mL cmH2O) was one order of magnitude smaller than reported Crs. The value for Cim was slightly larger than that based on the estimated volume of gas in the face mask, suggesting an additional influence of upper airway wall shunting. Computer simulations using a model that includes the face mask and upper airway walls confirmed that Cim and the upper airway wall properties significantly influence Zin data over this frequency range. Nevertheless, these simulations suggest that the Rrs estimated from the four-element model is related to airway resistance.
Open Port Probe Sampling Interface for the Direct Coupling of Biocompatible Solid-Phase Microextraction to Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2017)

In recent years, the direct coupling of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and mass spectrometry (MS) has shown its great potential to improve limits of quantitation, accelerate analysis throughput, and diminish potential matrix effects when compared to direct injection to MS. In this study, we introduce the open port probe (OPP) as a robust interface to couple biocompatible SPME (Bio-SPME) fibers to MS systems for direct electrospray ionization. The presented design consisted of minimal alterations to the front-end of the instrument and provided better sensitivity, simplicity, speed, wider compound coverage, and high-throughput in comparison to the LC-MS based approach. Quantitative determination of clenbuterol, fentanyl, and buprenorphine was successfully achieved in human urine. Despite the use of short extraction/desorption times (5 min/5 s), limits of quantitation below the minimum required performance levels (MRPL) set by the world antidoping agency (WADA) were obtained with good accuracy (≥90%) and linearity (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99) over the range evaluated for all analytes using sample volumes of 300 μL. In-line technologies such as multiple reaction monitoring with multistage fragmentation (MRM<sup>3</sup>) and differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) were used to enhance the selectivity of the method without compromising analysis speed. On the basis of calculations, once coupled to high throughput, this method can potentially yield preparation times as low as 15 s per sample based on the 96-well plate format. Our results demonstrated that Bio-SPME-OPP-MS efficiently integrates sampling/sample cleanup and atmospheric pressure ionization, making it an advantageous configuration for several bioanalytical applications, including doping in sports, in vivo tissue sampling, and therapeutic drug monitoring.
RNA Interference against Animal Viruses: How Morbilliviruses Generate Extended Diversity To Escape Small Interfering RNA Control (2011)

Viruses are serious threats to human and animal health. Vaccines can prevent viral diseases, but few antiviral treatments are available to control evolving infections. Among new antiviral therapies, RNA interference (RNAi) has been the focus of intensive research. However, along with the development of efficient RNAi-based therapeutics comes the risk of emergence of resistant viruses. In this study, we challenged the in vitro propensity of a morbillivirus (peste des petits ruminants virus), a stable RNA virus, to escape the inhibition conferred by single or multiple small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against conserved regions of the N gene. Except with the combination of three different siRNAs, the virus systematically escaped RNAi after 3 to 20 consecutive passages. The genetic modifications involved consisted of single or multiple point nucleotide mutations and a deletion of a stretch of six nucleotides, illustrating that this virus has an unusual genomic malleability.
A planar InP/InGaAsP heterostructure avalanche photodiode (1982)

A new guard-ring structure for InP/InGaAsP heterostructure avalanche photodiodes (APD's) is presented. The guard ring consists of a linearly graded junction formed by beryllium ion implantation and two-step InP layers having different carrier concentrations (n <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</inf> and n-layers grown on an InGaAsP layer). A planar InP/InGaAsP avalanche photodiode having this guard ring has a maximum avalanche gain of 110 at an initial photocurrent of 0.35 µA. The effectiveness of the guard ring is clearly discernible from the spot-scanned photoresponse of the diode.
Estimating Audience Interest Distribution based on Audience Web Behavior (2013)

The increasing availability of massive data on users' online behavior presents exciting opportunities for business analytics. In particular, if we could model the distributions of interests of visitors to webpages (or websites), we could apply the result to applications including site optimization, advertisement targeting, content creation, internal offer merchandizing, sponsorship, and general customer analytics. We first present a two-stage generative model for estimating audience interest distributions (AID) for websites, based in part on estimating individual (anonymized) user interest distributions from their observed visitation patterns to labeled websites. The model yields the following interpretation: the AID is the expected interest distribution of a visitor to the website. Estimating AID is important for several reasons: (i) contextual categorization of websites is expensive and/or error prone at large scale, (ii) even under favorable assumptions, contextual categorization provides only a narrow view of user interests, and (iii) certain sorts of sites (image, video, social) do not lend themselves to easy/accurate contextual categorization. The paper then demonstrates and evaluates the model on a massive set of (anonymized) data from a large online advertising company. We show two main findings. (1) In a predictive modeling-style evaluation, for sites where user interests are (partially) known, the model predicts them well. (2) For pages where con- textual categorization does not estimate user interests well (specifically, image pages), the model does estimate them well. We also provide qualitative results demonstrating how the model can reveal interests that are not apparent from contextual categorization.
Generation of Recombinant Arenavirus for Vaccine Development in FDA-Approved Vero Cells (2013)

The development and implementation of arenavirus reverse genetics represents a significant breakthrough in the arenavirus field 4. The use of cell-based arenavirus minigenome systems together with the ability to generate recombinant infectious arenaviruses with predetermined mutations in their genomes has facilitated the investigation of the contribution of viral determinants to the different steps of the arenavirus life cycle, as well as virus-host interactions and mechanisms of arenavirus pathogenesis 1, 3, 11 . In addition, the development of trisegmented arenaviruses has permitted the use of the arenavirus genome to express additional foreign genes of interest, thus opening the possibility of arenavirus-based vaccine vector applications 5 . Likewise, the development of single-cycle infectious arenaviruses capable of expressing reporter genes provides a new experimental tool to improve the safety of research involving highly pathogenic human arenaviruses 16 . The generation of recombinant arenaviruses using plasmid-based reverse genetics techniques has so far relied on the use of rodent cell lines 7,19 , which poses some barriers for the development of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed vaccine or vaccine vectors. To overcome this obstacle, we describe here the efficient generation of recombinant arenaviruses in FDA-approved Vero cells.
Active damage interrogation system for structural health monitoring (1997)

An integrated and automated smart structures approach for in situ damage assessment has been implemented and evaluated in a laboratory environment for health monitoring of a realistic aerospace structural component. This approach, called Active Damage Interrogation (ADI), utilizes an array of piezoelectric transducers attached to or embedded within the structure for both actuation and sensing. The ADI system, which is model independent, actively interrogates the structure through broadband excitation of multiple actuators across the desired frequency range. Statistical analysis of the changes in transfer functions between actuator/sensor pairs is used to detect, localize, and assess the severity of damage in the structure. This paper presents the overall concept of the ADI system and provides experimental results of damage assessment studies conducted for a composite structural component of the MD-900 Explorer helicopter rotor system. The potential advantages of this approach include simplicity (no need for a model), sensitivity, and low cost implementation. The results obtained thus far indicate considerably promise for integrated structural health monitoring of aerospace vehicles, leading to the practice of condition-based maintenance and consequent reduction in life cycle costs.
Integrating Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Scaffolding Tissue Engineering Approach for Bone Regeneration (2013)

Tissue engineering (TE) as an interdisciplinary field of research aims at restoring, maintaining, or improving tissue function through applying the principles of biology, medicine, and engineering science. Cells, scaffolds, and growth-stimulating bioactive factors are generally referred to as the three key components of engineered tissues in TE. A common strategy in TE is combining cells, biodegradable scaffolds, and bioactive factors to replicate natural processes of tissue regeneration and development. The interactions among these components are imperative to achieve biologically functional engineered tissue. This chapter reviews the bone TE strategies involved in preparation of scaffolds and briefly discusses the drawbacks and advantages of these strategies. The major challenge of integration of bottom-up techniques with more traditional top-down approaches is to create more complex tissues than are currently achievable using either approach alone by optimizing the advantages of each technique.