gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A centralized acoustic echo canceller exploiting masking properties of the human ear (2004)

The design of a shared, centralized acoustic echo canceller (AEC) for use in modem digital communication networks faces new challenges. Specially, the performance of conventional approaches for AEC is severely degraded by vocoder nonlinearities along the transmission chain. In this paper, based on the analysis of the nonlinear echo path and the performance of the Wiener-type post-filter in the presence of vocoders, we propose a centralized AEC which incorporates a psychoacoustic post-filter. Computer experiments show that the proposed AEC is very promising for practical use in terms of high acoustic echo suppression, robust performance and ease of implementation.
The Effect of Antibody Fragments on CD25 Targeted Regulatory T Cell Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (2019)

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in immune suppression permitting tumors to evade immune surveillance. Depletion of intratumoral Treg cells can result in tumor regression. However, systemic depletion of Tregs may also induce autoimmune adverse events. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed cell-specific cancer therapy that locally kills specific cells in the tumor. Antibody-photoabsorber (IRDye700DX) conjugates (APC) are injected and bind to the tumor, and subsequent administration of NIR light to the tumor results in rapid cell death only in targeted cells. CD25-targeted NIR-PIT has been shown to induce spatially selective depletion of tumor-associated Treg cells. In this study, we compared the efficacy of an antibody fragment, anti-CD25-F(ab')<sub>2</sub>, and a full antibody, anti-CD25-IgG, as agents for NIR-PIT. Tumor-bearing mice were divided into four groups: (1) no treatment; (2) anti-CD25-IgG-IR700 i.v. only; (3) anti-CD25-F(ab')<sub>2</sub>-IR700 i.v. with NIR light exposure; and (4) anti-CD25-IgG-IR700 i.v. with NIR light exposure. Although both CD25-targeted NIR-PITs resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition, the anti-CD25-F(ab')<sub>2</sub>-IR700 based NIR-PIT was superior to the anti-CD25-IgG-IR700 NIR-PIT. The anti-CD25-F(ab')<sub>2</sub>-IR700 demonstrated faster clearance from the body than the anti-CD25-IgG-IR700. Sustained circulation of anti-CD25-IgG-IR700 may block IL-2 binding on the activated effector T-cells decreasing immune response. In conclusion, anti-CD25-F(ab')<sub>2</sub> based NIR-PIT was more effective in reducing tumor growth than anti-CD25-IgG based NIR-PIT. Absence of the Fc portion of the APC leads to faster clearance and therefore promotes a superior activated T cell response in tumors.
Successive-MFCW modulation for ultra-fast narrowband radar (2013)

Real time imaging radar requires short dwell time and low hardware complexity, limiting the application of many existing radar modulation methods. In this paper, we propose a novel Successive Multiple Frequency Continuous Wave (S-MFCW) modulation scheme to address these challenges. The S-MFCW signal model is formulated and the impact of noise is analyzed, leading to a very short dwell time and narrow signal bandwidth with excellent range and speed accuracy. From the numerical simulation of an automotive radar example, we show that S-MFCW achieves comparable range and speed performance, but orders of magnitude lower requirements on dwell time and bandwidth compared to the commonly used FMCW radar.
Stimulation of the cochlea using green laser light (2009)

The success of conventional hearing aids and electrical cochlear implants have generally been limited to hearing in quiet situations, in part due to a lack of localized (i.e., frequency specificity) sensorineural activation and subsequent impaired speech discrimination in noise. Laser light is a source of energy that can be focused in a controlled manner and may provide more localized activation of the inner ear, the cochlea. Compound action potentials have been elicited using 2.12 µm laser pulses through activation of auditory nerve fibers (Izzo et al. 2006). Laser stimulation (813 nm) of the cochlea has shown to induce basilar membrane motion and cochlear microphonic potentials (Fridberger et al. 2006). We sought to assess if visible light (green, 532 nm, 10 ns pulses) could be used to consistently activate the cochlea. The laser parameters were selected based on our initial attempt to induce an optoacoustic effect as the energy transfer mechanism to the cochlea. Click evoked auditory brainstem responses (AABRs) were recorded preoperatively in ketamine-anesthetized guinea pigs to confirm normal hearing. The bulla and then the cochlea were exposed. Optically evoked ABRs (OABR) were recorded in response to laser stimulation with a 50 µm optical fiber (532 nm, 10 ns pulses, 500 repetitions, 10 pulses/s; Nd:YAG laser) at the round window (RW) directed towards the basilar membrane (BM). OABRs similar in morphology to acoustically evoked ABRs, except for shorter latencies, were obtained for stimulation through the RW with energy levels between 1.7-30 µJ/pulse. The OABRs increased with increasing energy level reaching a saturation level around 13-15 µJ/pulse. Furthermore the responses remained consistent across stimulation over time, including stimulation at 13 µJ/pulse for over 30 minutes, indicating minimal or no damage within the cochlea with this type of laser stimulation. Overall we have demonstrated that laser light stimulation with 532 nm has potential for a new type of auditory prosthesis that can activate the cochlea without any apparent functional damage. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal laser parameters and fiber placement locations for localized and tonotopic activation.
Millimeter Wave Frequency Synthesizer Based on Integrated Photonics (2020)

Stable and frequency tunable millimeter wave (MMW) signals are important for a variety of applications. MMW synthesizer is a powerful tool for generating high-frequency MMW signals traceable to a low-frequency reference. We introduce a MMW synthesizer design based on microresonator soliton dual-comb photomixing. Allan deviation of the 100 GHz to 300 GHz signals is below 3×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−12</sup> at 1 s averaging time. For example, 251 GHz MMW signal with signal-to-noise ratio of 73 dB is generated. We also demonstrate frequency tuning of 150 GHz signal with step of 1 GHz and 3 Hz. Finally, as the first step towards to on-chip integration, we design an integrated dual-comb generator. The proposed scheme may have great potential for future low-power chip-scale MMW synthesizers.
ChemInform Abstract: Halide Perovskites: Poor Man′s High‐Performance Semiconductors (2016)

Abstract Review: [145 refs.
Purification of α<sub>1</sub> Proteinase Inhibitor from Human Plasma Fraction IV‐1 by Ion Exchange Chromatography (1998)

The method described is an effective way of preparing large quantities of alpha 1 PI from fractionated plasma.
Immunochemical Techniques in Trace Residue Analysis (1990)

Immunoassays offer a sensitive, specific, cost-effective means of screening many samples for trace residues of toxic chemicals, their metabolites, and adducts. Antibodies can be used both as detectors to quantify the amount of a chemical present and in immunoaffinity chromatography to purify and concentrate material for subsequent analysis. Applications of these assays include detection of pesticide residues, mycotoxins, biomarkers of toxicity, and industrial chemicals.
Optimization of the Lactam Side Chain of 7-Azaindenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase I Inhibitors and Mechanism of Action Studies in Cancer Cells (2014)

Optimization of the lactam ω-aminoalkyl substituents in a series of 7-azaindenoisoquinolines resulted in new anticancer agents with improved Top1 inhibitory potencies and cancer cell cytotoxicities. The new compounds 14-17 and 19 exhibited mean graph midpoint cytotoxicity (GI50) values of 21-71 nM in the NCI panel of 60 human cancer cell cultures. Ternary 7-azaindenoisoquinoline-DNA-Top1 cleavage complexes that persist for up to 6 h were detected in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Ternary complexes containing 7-azaindenoisoquinolines were significantly more stable than those in which camptothecin was incorporated. DNA content distribution histograms showed S-phase block 3 h after drug removal. Drug-induced DNA damage in HCT116 cells was revealed by induction of the histone γ-H2AX marker. The 7-azaindenoisoquinolines were able to partially overcome resistance in several drug-resistant cell lines, and they were not substrates for the ABCB1 drug efflux transporter. Molecular modeling studies indicate that the 7-azaindenoisoquinolines intercalate at the DNA cleavage site in DNA-Top1 covalent complexes with the lactam side chain projecting into the major groove. Overall, the results indicate that the 7-azaindenoisoquinolines are promising anticancer agents that merit further development.
Improved Wide Operating Temperature Range of Li-Ion Cells (2013)

Future NASA missions aimed at exploring the Moon, Mars, and the outer planets require rechargeable batteries that can operate over a wide temperature range (-60 to +60 C) to satisfy the requirements of various applications including landers, rovers, penetrators, CEV, CLV, etc. This work addresses the need for robust rechargeable batteries that can operate well over a wide temperature range. The Department of Energy (DoE) has identified a number of technical barriers associated with the development of Liion rechargeable batteries for PHEVs. For this reason, DoE has interest in the development of advanced electrolytes that will improve performance over a wide range of temperatures, and lead to long life characteristics (5,000 cycles over a 10-year life span). There is also interest in improving the high-voltage stability of these candidate electrolyte systems to enable the operation of up to 5 V with high specific energy cathode materials. Currently, the state-of-the-art lithium-ion system has been demonstrated to operate over a wide range of temperatures (-40 to +40 C); however, the rate capability at the lower temperatures is very poor. In addition, the low-temperature performance typically deteriorates rapidly upon being exposed to high temperatures. A number of electrolyte formulations were developed that incorporate the use of electrolyte additives to improve the high-temperature resilience, low-temperature power capability, and life characteristics of methyl propionate (MP)-based electrolyte solutions. These electrolyte additives include mono-fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium oxalate, vinylene carbonate (VC), and lithium bis(oxalate borate) (LiBOB), which have previously been shown to result in improved high-temperature resilience of all carbonate-based electrolytes. These MP-based electrolytes with additives have been shown to have improved performance in experiments with MCMB-LiNiCoAlO2 cells.
Characterization of the Pichia pastoris Protein-O-mannosyltransferase Gene Family (2013)

The methylotrophic yeast, Pichiapastoris, is an important organism used for the production of therapeutic proteins. However, the presence of fungal-like glycans, either N-linked or O-linked, can elicit an immune response or enable the expressed protein to bind to mannose receptors, thus reducing their efficacy. Previously we have reported the elimination of β-linked glycans in this organism. In the current report we have focused on reducing the O-linked mannose content of proteins produced in P. pastoris, thereby reducing the potential to bind to mannose receptors. The initial step in the synthesis of O-linked glycans in P. pastoris is the transfer of mannose from dolichol-phosphomannose to a target protein in the yeast secretory pathway by members of the protein-O-mannosyltransferase (PMT) family. In this report we identify and characterize the members of the P. pastoris PMT family. Like Candida albicans, P. pastoris has five PMT genes. Based on sequence homology, these PMTs can be grouped into three sub-families, with both PMT1 and PMT2 sub-families possessing two members each (PMT1 and PMT5, and PMT2 and PMT6, respectively). The remaining sub-family, PMT4, has only one member (PMT4). Through gene knockouts we show that PMT1 and PMT2 each play a significant role in O-glycosylation. Both, by gene knockouts and the use of Pmt inhibitors we were able to significantly reduce not only the degree of O-mannosylation, but also the chain-length of these glycans. Taken together, this reduction of O-glycosylation represents an important step forward in developing the P. pastoris platform as a suitable system for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins.
Optimization of Microspeaker Diaphragm Pattern Using Combined Finite Element–Lumped Parameter Models (2008)

Microspeakers in portable devices are expected to meet a number of conflicting requirements such as miniaturization, high output level, and good sound quality. In contrast to large loudspeakers, the structures of microspeakers are generally simplified by removal of the suspension. The diaphragm serves as not only a sound radiator but also the suspension. Thus, the pattern design of the diaphragm is crucial to the overall response and performance of a microspeaker. The traditional approach for modeling microspeakers using lumped parameter models is generally incapable of modeling flexural modes in high frequencies. In this paper, we present a hybrid approach that combines finite-element analysis (FEA) and electro-mechano-acoustical (EMA) analogous circuit to provide a more accurate model than the conventional approaches. In particular, the minute details of diaphragms are taken into account in calculating the mechanical impedance of the diaphragm-voice coil assembly using FEA. The mechanical impedance is then incorporated into the lumped parameter model. The responses can be simulated by solving the loop equations. On the basis of this simulation model, we optimize the pattern design of the diaphragm using the Taguchi method. In addition, we determine the optimal number of diaphragm corrugations by using sensitivity analysis.
Session Initiation Protocol Service Examples (2008)

This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Generalized Low-Density Parity-Check Codes Based on Hadamard Constraints (2007)

In this paper, we consider the design and analysis of generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes in AWGN channels. The GLDPC codes are specified by a bipartite Tanner graph, as with standard LDPC codes, but with the single parity-check constraints replaced by general coding constraints. In particular, we consider imposing Hadamard code constraints at the check nodes for a low-rate approach, termed LDPC-Hadamard codes. We introduce a low-complexity message-passing based iterative soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoding algorithm, which employs the a posteriori probability (APP) fast Hadamard transform (FHT) for decoding the Hadamard check codes at each decoding iteration. The achievable capacity with the GLDPC codes is then discussed. A modified LDPC-Hadamard code graph is also proposed. We then optimize the LDPC-Hadamard code ensemble using a low-complexity optimization method based on approximating the density evolution by a one-dimensional dynamic system represented by an extrinsic mutual information transfer (EXIT) chart. Simulation results show that the optimized LDPC-Hadamard codes offer better performance in the low-rate region than low-rate turbo-Hadamard codes, but also enjoy a fast convergence rate. A rate-0.003 LDPC-Hadamard code with large block length can achieve a bit-error-rate (BER) performance of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> at -1.44 dB, which is only 0.15 dB away from the ultimate Shannon limit (-1.592 dB) and 0.24 dB better than the best performing low-rate turbo-Hadamard codes
Placement‐insensitive flexible RFID antenna for ‘peel‐and‐stick’ applications (2016)

Radio‐frequency identification (RFID) systems with ‘peel‐and‐stick’ labels are currently limited to tracking items with nearly electromagnetically transparent material properties. This limitation stems from the antenna choice for these labels – a dipole variant. A ground plane edge treatment along with a feed slot with unique tuning capabilities is investigated as an alternative RFID antenna option. Ease of fabrication was maintained as a priority in all design decisions. The measured antenna displays true placement insensitivity with a constant impedance when attached to metal, lossy dielectric, or electromagnetically‐transparent objects.
Variants in CXCR4 associate with juvenile idiopathic arthritis susceptibility (2016)

Our results suggest the association of CXCR4 variants with JIA, implicating that this gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. However, because this locus is subjected to population stratification within the subjects of European ancestry, additional replication is still necessary for this locus to be considered a true risk locus for JIA. This cell-surface chemokine receptor has already been targeted in other diseases and may serve as a tractable therapeutic target for a specific subset of pediatric arthritis patients with additional replication and functional validation of the locus.
Downloading textual hidden web content through keyword queries (2005)

An ever-increasing amount of information on the Web today is available only through search interfaces: the users have to type in a set of keywords in a search form in order to access the pages from certain Web sites. These pages are often referred to as the Hidden Web or the Deep Web. Since there are no static links to the Hidden Web pages, search engines cannot discover and index such pages and thus do not return them in the results. However, according to recent studies, the content provided by many Hidden Web sites is often of very high quality and can be extremely valuable to many users.In this paper, we study how we can build an effective Hidden Web crawler that can autonomously discover and download pages from the Hidden Web. Since the only "entry point" to a Hidden Web site is a query interface, the main challenge that a Hidden Web crawler has to face is how to automatically generate meaningful queries to issue to the site. Here, we provide a theoretical framework to investigate the query generation problem for the Hidden Web and we propose effective policies for generating queries automatically. Our policies proceed iteratively, issuing a different query in every iteration. We experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of these policies on 4 real Hidden Web sites and our results are very promising. For instance, in one experiment, one of our policies downloaded more than 90% of a Hidden Web site (that contains 14 million documents) after issuing fewer than 100 queries.
Recombinant acellular pertussis vaccineâfrom the laboratory to the clinic: improving the quality of the immune response (1992)

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. Recombinant DNA technologies have provided powerful new tools to develop vaccines that were previously impossible or difficult to make, and to improve the vaccines that were already available but had been developed using old technology. In the case of whooping cough, an effective vaccine (composed of killed bacterial cells) is available, but its use is controversial because of the many side effects that have been associated with it. An improved vaccine against this disease should contain pertussis toxin, a molecule that needs to be detoxified in order to be included in the vaccine. Classical methods of detoxification, such as formaldehyde treatment have been used to inactivate this toxin. We have used recombinant DNA technologies to clone the pertussis toxin gene, express it in bacteria, map the B and T cell epitopes of the molecule, and to identify the amino acids that are important for enzymatic activity and toxicity. Finally, we have used this information to mutate the gene in the chromosome of Bordetella pertussis in order to obtain a strain that produces a molecule that is already non-toxic. This genetically inactivated pertussis toxin was tested extensively in animal models and clinical trials and was found to induce an immune response that is superior in quality and quantity to that induced by the vaccines produced by conventional technologies.
Novel HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Derived from Quinolone Antibiotics (2006)

The viral enzyme integrase is essential for the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and represents a remaining target for antiretroviral drugs. Here, we describe the modification of a quinolone antibiotic to produce the novel integrase inhibitor JTK-303 (GS 9137) that blocks strand transfer by the viral enzyme. It shares the core structure of quinolone antibiotics, exhibits an IC50 of 7.2 nM in the strand transfer assay, and shows an EC50 of 0.9 nM in an acute HIV-1 infection assay.
Consistency-based service level agreements for cloud storage (2013)

Choosing a cloud storage system and specific operations for reading and writing data requires developers to make decisions that trade off consistency for availability and performance. Applications may be locked into a choice that is not ideal for all clients and changing conditions. Pileus is a replicated key-value store that allows applications to declare their consistency and latency priorities via consistency-based service level agreements (SLAs). It dynamically selects which servers to access in order to deliver the best service given the current configuration and system conditions. In application-specific SLAs, developers can request both strong and eventual consistency as well as intermediate guarantees such as read-my-writes. Evaluations running on a worldwide test bed with geo-replicated data show that the system adapts to varying client-server latencies to provide service that matches or exceeds the best static consistency choice and server selection scheme.
The effect of dietary lysine and valine fed during lactation on sow and litter performance. (1997)

Sows (98 first parity and 104 second parity) were used to determine the effects of dietary lysine and valine on lactation performance. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial with two levels of lysine (.80 or 1.20%) and three valine:lysine ratios (80, 100, or 120% of lysine). For all sows, increasing dietary lysine increased litter weaning weight (P < .001) and litter weight gain (P < .002) and reduced sow weight loss (P < .001). Litter weight gain tended (P = .22) to increase with increasing dietary valine, but the increase was not significant. Data were separated into two groups: sows that weaned 10 or more pigs and sows that weaned fewer than 10 pigs. For sows that weaned 10 or more pigs, litter weaning weight (P < .001) and litter weight gain (P < .001) increased and sow BW loss decreased (P < .001) when dietary lysine increased from .80 to 1.20%. For sows that weaned fewer than 10 pigs, increasing lysine had no effect (P < .77) on litter growth rate. For sows weaning 10 or more pigs, litter weaning weights (linear, P < .04; quadratic, P < .06) and litter weight gain increased (linear, P < .04; quadratic, P < .02) as dietary valine increased. For sows that weaned fewer than 10 pigs, maximum litter weight gain was observed at a valine:lysine ratio of 100% (quadratic, P < .13). These results demonstrate the need to increase dietary lysine and valine as litter weaning weights increase. High-producing sows that wean 10 or more pigs require increased dietary lysine and valine to maximize litter growth rate and minimize sow weight loss compared with sows weaning fewer than 10 pigs. The independent increases in litter weaning weights from adding lysine and valine suggest separate modes of action for these amino acids in high-producing sows.