gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-D Upwinding for Multi Phase Transport in Porous Media (2009)

Abstract Multidimensional transport for reservoir simulation is typically solved by applying 1D numerical methods in each spatial coordinate direction. This approach is simple, but the disadvantage is that numerical errors become highly correlated with the underlying computational grid. In many real-field applications this can result in strong sensitivity to grid design for the computed saturation/composition fields, but also for critical integrated data such as breakthrough times. To increase robustness of simulators, especially for adverse mobility ratio flows that arise in gas injection and other EOR processes, it is therefore of much interest to design truly multi-D schemes for transport that remove, or at least strongly reduce, the sensitivity to grid design. We present a new upwind biased truly multi-D family of schemes for multi-phase transport capable of handling counter-current flow arising from gravity. The proposed family of schemes has four attractive properties: applicability within a variety of simulation formulations with varying levels of implicitness; extensibility to general grid topologies; compatibility with any finite volume flow discretization; and provable stability (monotonicity) for multi-phase transport. The family is sufficiently expressive to include several previously developed multi-D schemes, such as the narrow scheme, in a manner appropriate for general purpose reservoir simulation. A number of water flooding problems in homogeneous and heterogeneous media demonstrate the robustness of the method as well as reduced transverse (cross-wind) diffusion and grid orientation effects.
A New Device for Measuring Kinetics of Ruminal pH and Redox Potential in Dairy Cattle (2005)

A sampling and measuring device was set up to measure continuously the pH and the redox potential (Eh) of ruminal content in absence of any gaseous contamination (method 1). It was compared with a conventional suction device in which no precaution was taken to prevent air from coming into contact with the surface of collected samples (method 2). Two fistulated dry cows were used and fed a total mixed ration. Redox potential and pH measurements were performed repeatedly on collected samples using these 2 methods during a 9-h period; each period started 1 h before feeding. The partial pressure of oxygen (log fO2) was calculated from Nernst's equation using pH and Eh values. Results indicated that pH, Eh, and log f(O2) were affected by sampling method. In method 1, pH values ranged from 6.7 to 6.37 and Eh from -173.5 to -216.8 mV. In method 2, pH and Eh values varied, respectively, from 6.93 to 6.49 and from -111.3 to -139.5 mV. The partial pressure of oxygen was 10(6) times lower in samples that were continuously collected than in hand-samples. As a result, method 1 could make accurate measurements of pH and Eh of ruminal content.
MEMS mechanical logic units: characterization and improvements of devices fabricated with MicraGEM and PolyMUMPs (2005)

We are currently developing basic building blocks for creating digital logic units that are based on mechanical components. Transistors, which are semiconductor devices, rely on doping to change intrinsic semiconductor to extrinsic semiconductors. However, at low or high temperatures, that control is impossible as semiconductors revert to intrinsic behaviour. Also, semiconductors exhibit various complications under ionizing (radiation) environment. We have fabricated logic units using micro-mechanical relays using MEMS technology. The logic units consist of a micro-mechanical relay with three electrical gates. The mechanical relay is fabricated with a cantilever over an airgap, and is operated by applying voltage to the gate. The applied voltage creates an electric force between the gate and a cantilever structure. The electrostatic force arches the cantilever into electrical contact. Since the operation does not depend on controlling the type of charge carriers, the proposed method does not suffer from the limitations shared by semiconductors. With different input combinations applied to the gates of the device, development of MEMS mechanical logic, leading to general digital circuits, is possible. Characterization of the devices is performed, which includes operation times, operation voltages, and maximum currents. Design, fabrication and testing of these micro-mechanical logic elements will be presented in the paper.
Simulation of the Electromagnetic Response Characteristic of an Inductively Filtered HVDC Converter Transformer Using Field-Circuit Coupling (2011)

A field-circuit coupling computation method is proposed in this paper to reveal the special electromagnetic characteristic of a novel inductive filtering (IF) method applied in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter station. The new converter transformer is modeled by using 3-D finite-element method, and the surrounding fully tuned branches, for creating precondition of implementing the IF method, are modeled by using the coupled circuits. The harmonic characteristic of the load-side current is modeled by using mixed harmonic current sources. The parameter design of the coupled circuit is also performed for the coupling model. Following this, based on the established coupling model, the multiphysical characteristics (e.g., electric field, magnetic field, excitation characteristic, and core losses) are analyzed in detail. The system simulation and the experimental results validate the modeling method. All of the research results indicate that the IF method can greatly reduce the harmonic currents in the grid winding, can improve the excitation performance, can improve the electromagnetic environment, and can reduce the harmonic losses of the HVDC converter transformer.
Star Quality: Aggregating Reviews to Rank Products and Merchants (2010)

Given a set of reviews of products or merchants from a wide range of authors and several reviews websites, how can we measure the true quality of the product or merchant? How do we remove the bias of individual authors or sources? How do we compare reviews obtained from different websites, where ratings may be on different scales (1-5 stars, A/B/C, etc.)? How do we filter out unreliable reviews to use only the ones with ``star quality''? Taking into account these considerations, we analyze data sets from a variety of different reviews sites (the first paper, to our knowledge, to do this). These data sets include 8 million product reviews and 1.5 million merchant reviews. We explore statistic- and heuristic- based models for estimating the true quality of a product or merchant, and compare the performance of these estimators on the task of ranking pairs of objects. We also apply the same models to the task of using Netflix ratings data to rank pairs of movies, and discover that the performance of the different models is surprisingly similar on this data set.
From the eyes and the heart: a novel eye-gaze metric that predicts video preferences of a large audience (2015)

Eye-tracking has been extensively used to quantify audience preferences in the context of marketing and advertising research, primarily in methodologies involving static images or stimuli (i.e., advertising, shelf testing, and website usability). However, these methodologies do not generalize to narrative-based video stimuli where a specific storyline is meant to be communicated to the audience. In this paper, a novel metric based on eye-gaze dispersion (both within and across viewings) that quantifies the impact of narrative-based video stimuli to the preferences of large audiences is presented. The metric is validated in predicting the performance of video advertisements aired during the 2014 Super Bowl final. In particular, the metric is shown to explain 70% of the variance in likeability scores of the 2014 Super Bowl ads as measured by the USA TODAY Ad-Meter. In addition, by comparing the proposed metric with Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices, we have associated the metric with biological processes relating to attention allocation. The underlying idea behind the proposed metric suggests a shift in perspective when it comes to evaluating narrative-based video stimuli. In particular, it suggests that audience preferences on video are modulated by the level of viewers lack of attention allocation. The proposed metric can be calculated on any narrative-based video stimuli (i.e., movie, narrative content, emotional content, etc.), and thus has the potential to facilitate the use of such stimuli in several contexts: prediction of audience preferences of movies, quantitative assessment of entertainment pieces, prediction of the impact of movie trailers, identification of group, and individual differences in the study of attention-deficit disorders, and the study of desensitization to media violence.
Congenital bladder diverticulum presenting as bladder outflow obstruction and obstructive uropathy-report of 6 cases and review of literature. (2002)

ABSTRACT: In this series (from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2000), we encountered 6 cases of congental bladder diverticula (including 1 bilateral diverticula) which were not secondary to any neurogenic bladder dysfunction or bladder outflow obstruction. The diverticula had caused varying degree of bladder outflow obstruction, vesicureteral reflux (VUR) and probably ureteral obstruction leading to obstructive uropathy. Out of 6 cases, 5 had bilateral mild to moderate hydrouretoronephrosis, 3 had ipsilateral VUR and 5 showed mild to moderately raised urea and creatinine levels. All cases had plenty of pus cells in the urine with positive culture report. Presenting features in all cases were UTI with urinary retention, dribbling (chronic retention in 5 and acute in 1) and a palpable bladder; 5 cases had symptomatic urinary tract infection. Diagnosis and evaluation was done by voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), ultrasonography (USG), renal biochemistry and routine urine examination with culture and sensitivity. All the cases were subjected to diverticulectomy and ureteric reimplantation. Postoperatively the patients recovered uneventfully. Follow up USG and VCUG showed resolving hydronephrosis and no VUR.
HelpfulMed: Intelligent searching for medical information over the internet (2003)

Abstract Medical professionals and researchers need information from reputable sources to accomplish their work. Unfortunately, the Web has a large number of documents that are irrelevant to their work, even those documents that purport to be “medically‐related.” This paper describes an architecture designed to integrate advanced searching and indexing algorithms, an automatic thesaurus, or “concept space,” and Kohonen‐based Self‐Organizing Map (SOM) technologies to provide searchers with fine‐grained results. Initial results indicate that these systems provide complementary retrieval functionalities. HelpfulMed not only allows users to search Web pages and other online databases, but also allows them to build searches through the use of an automatic thesaurus and browse a graphical display of medical‐related topics. Evaluation results for each of the different components are included. Our spidering algorithm outperformed both breadth‐first search and PageRank spiders on a test collection of 100,000 Web pages. The automatically generated thesaurus performed as well as both MeSH and UMLS—systems which require human mediation for currency. Lastly, a variant of the Kohonen SOM was comparable to MeSH terms in perceived cluster precision and significantly better at perceived cluster recall.
A comparison of low‐frequency radio noise amplitude probability distribution models (2000)

One of the most commonly modeled statistics in atmospheric radio noise studies is the noise envelope voltage amplitude probability distribution (APD). Although a number of models have been introduced to characterize atmospheric noise envelope APDs, the quantity of real data that exist to verify their accuracy is somewhat limited, especially in the ELF and VLF bands. This paper presents the results of a statistical analysis in which thousands of hours of ELF/VLF noise are processed to derive APDs, which are then compared with various APD models to determine which of the models is most accurate. The error criterion used to find the optimal parameters of each APD model, as well as to compare the models against each other, is the expected value of the log error squared (where the log error is the difference in decibels between the data histogram and the model histogram). This criterion provides a means by which the models may be evaluated and compared numerically. The most accurate model is found to depend on geographic location, time of year and day, bandwidth, and center frequency, but two of the simplest models (i.e., each with only two parameters) are found to give extremely good performance in general. These are the Hall and alpha‐stable (or α‐stable) models, both of which approximate the Rayleigh distribution for low‐amplitude values but decay with an inverse power law for high‐amplitude values. This paper concludes that the Hall model is the optimal choice in terms of accuracy and simplicity for locations exposed to heavy sferic activity (e.g., lower latitudes) and the α‐stable model is best for locations relatively distant from heavy sferic activity (e.g., the polar regions).
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Express GARP/LRRC32 on Their Surface: Effects on Their Biology and Immunomodulatory Capacity (2014)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising tool for therapy in regenerative medicine, transplantation, and autoimmune disease due to their trophic and immunomodulatory activities. However, we are still far from understanding the mechanisms of action of MSCs in these processes. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in MSC migration, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Recently, glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) was shown to bind latency-associated peptide (LAP)/TGF-β1 to the cell surface of activated Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and megakaryocytes/platelets. In this manuscript, we show that human and mouse MSCs express GARP which presents LAP/TGF-β1 on their cell surface. Silencing GARP expression in MSCs increased their secretion and activation of TGF-β1 and reduced their proliferative capacity in a TGF-β1-independent manner. Importantly, we showed that GARP expression on MSCs contributed to their ability to inhibit T-cell responses in vitro. In summary, we have found that GARP is an essential molecule for MSC biology, regulating their immunomodulatory and proliferative activities. We envision GARP as a new target for improving the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs and also as a novel MSC marker.
Single-polarization operation in birefringent all-solid hybrid microstructured fiber with additional stress applying parts (2009)

We demonstrate single-polarization (SP) operation in a birefringent all-solid hybrid microstructured fiber that has additional boron-doped stress-applying parts (SAPs). The stress from the SAPs is added to the stress from the highly germanium-doped high-index regions, and SP operation with more than a 25 nm bandwidth was achieved at the shorter wavelength edge of the second bandgap.
Iris liveness detection methods in the mobile biometrics scenario (2014)

Biometrie systems based on iris are vulnerable to direct attacks consisting on the presentation of a fake iris to the sensor (a printed or a contact lenses iris image, among others). The mobile biometrics scenario stresses the importance of assessing the security issues. The application of countermeasures against this type of attacking scheme is the problem addressed in the present paper. Widening a previous work, several state-of-the-art iris liveness detection methods were implemented and adapted to a less-constrained scenario. The proposed method combines a feature selection step prior to the use of state-of-the-art classifiers to perform the classification based upon the "best features". Five well known existing databases for iris liveness purposes (Biosec, Clarkson, NotreDame and Warsaw) and a recently published database, MobBIOfake, with real and fake images captured in the mobile scenario were tested. The results obtained suggest that the automated segmentation step does not degrade significantly the results.
Super low noise HEMT using focused ion beam lithography (1988)

Focused ion beam lithography is applied for the first time to low noise HEMTs for delineating a mushroom shaped quarter micron gate. The very low noise performance obtained, which is of 0.68 and 0.83 dB minimum noise figure at 12 and 18 GHz respectively, shows that focused ion beam lithography is very promising for super low noise HEMT applications.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of oestrogen and progesterone receptors: correlation of standards achieved on in house tumours with that achieved on external quality assessment material in over 150 laboratories from 26 countries (2000)

The significant positive correlation between the results obtained on the UK NEQAS tumours and the in house tumours provides evidence for the view that results achieved on EQA material are accurate indicators of in house laboratory performance. Although most laboratories adequately detected tumours with high receptor expression, a large proportion of in house tumours classified initially by participants' staining as being of low or medium ER expression had a higher degree of expression when stained by the UK NEQAS-ICC centre. The efficiency of the organising centre's routine IHC method for ER and PR in optimally demonstrating participants in house breast tumours shows that variations in fixation and tissue preparation are not limiting factors preventing a different laboratory achieving optimal demonstration.
Porous Crystalline Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks (2019)

The first unsubstituted olefin-linked covalent organic framework, termed COF-701, was made by linking 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine (TMT) and 4,4'-biphenyldicarbaldehyde (BPDA) through Aldol condensation. Formation of the unsubstituted olefin (-CH═CH-) linkage upon reticulation is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and solid-state <sup>13</sup>C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR spectroscopy of the framework and of its <sup>13</sup>C-isotope-labeled analogue. COF-701 is found to be porous (1715 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) and to retain its composition and crystallinity under both strongly acidic and basic conditions. The high chemical robustness is attributed to the unsubstituted olefin linkages. Immobilization of the strong Lewis acid BF<sub>3</sub>·OEt<sub>2</sub> in the pores of the structure yields BF<sub>3</sub>⊂COF-701. In the material, the catalytic activity of the guest is retained, as evidenced in a benchmark Diels-Alder reaction.
β-Synuclein Regulates Akt Activity in Neuronal Cells (2004)

Recent studies have shown that the neurodegenerative process in disorders with Lewy body formation, such as Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, is associated with alpha-synuclein accumulation and that beta-synuclein might protect the central nervous system from the neurotoxic effects of alpha-synuclein. However, the mechanisms are unclear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the potential involvement of the serine threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B) signaling pathway in the mechanisms of beta-synuclein neuroprotection. For this purpose, Akt activity and cell survival were analyzed in synuclein-transfected B103 neuroblastoma cells and primary cortical neurons. Beta-synuclein transfection resulted in increased Akt activity and conferred protection from the neurotoxic effects of rotenone. Down-regulation of Akt expression resulted in an increased susceptibility to rotenone toxicity, whereas transfection with a lentiviral vector encoding for beta-synuclein was protective. The effects of beta-synuclein on the Akt pathway appear to be by direct interaction between these molecules and were independent of upstream signaling molecules. Taken together, these results indicate that the mechanisms of beta-synuclein neuroprotection might involve direct interactions between beta-synuclein and Akt and suggest that this signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for neurological conditions associated with parkinsonism and alpha-synuclein aggregation.
Nickel foam and stainless steel mesh as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and overall water splitting in alkaline media (2019)

In this work, several commonly used conductive substrates as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions were studied, including nickel foam (Ni foam), copper foam (Cu foam), nickel mesh (Ni mesh) and stainless steel mesh (SS mesh). Ni foam and SS mesh are demonstrated as high-performance and stable electrocatalysts for HER and OER, respectively. For HER, Ni foam exhibited an overpotential of 0.217 V at a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> with a Tafel slope of 130 mV dec<sup>-1</sup>, which were larger than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, but smaller than that of the other conductive substrates. Meanwhile, the SS mesh showed the best electrocatalytic performance for OER with an overpotential of 0.277 V at a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and a Tafel slope of 51 mV dec<sup>-1</sup>. Its electrocatalytic performance not only exceeded those of the other conductive substrates but also the commercial RuO<sub>2</sub> catalyst. Moreover, both Ni foam and SS mesh exhibited high stability during HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, in the two-electrode system with Ni foam used as the cathode and SS mesh used as the anode, they enable a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at a small cell voltage of 1.74 V. This value is comparable to or exceeding the values of previously reported electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. In addition, NiO on the surface of Ni foam may be the real active species for HER, NiO and FeO <sub><i>x</i></sub> on the surface of SS mesh may be the active species for OER. The abundant and commercial availability, long-term stability and low-cost property of nickel foam and stainless steel mesh enable their large-scale practical application in water splitting.
A Blind-Mixing Scheme for Bitcoin based on an Elliptic Curve Cryptography Blind Digital Signature Algorithm (2015)

To strengthen the anonymity of Bitcoin, several centralized coin-mixing providers (mixers) such as BitcoinFog.com, BitLaundry.com, and Blockchain.info assist users to mix Bitcoins through CoinJoin transactions with multiple inputs and multiple outputs to uncover the relationship between them. However, these mixers know the output address of each user, such that they cannot provide true anonymity. This paper proposes a centralized coin-mixing algorithm based on an elliptic curve blind signature scheme (denoted as Blind-Mixing) that obstructs mixers from linking an input address with an output address. Comparisons among three blind signature based algorithms, Blind-Mixing, BlindCoin, and RSA Coin-Mixing, are conducted. It is determined that BlindCoin may be deanonymized because of its use of a public log. In RSA Coin-Mixing, a user's Bitcoins may be falsely claimed by another. In addition, the blind signature scheme of Blind-Mixing executes 10.5 times faster than that of RSA Coin-Mixing.
Extraction of Isothermal Condition and Thermal Network in UTBB SOI MOSFETs (2012)

In this letter, we present a thermal network extraction methodology to characterize self-heating effect using two-port RF measurements. We show the technique of determining isothermal condition using only the self-heating (thermal) dominated range of the spectrum. We use a self-consistent self-heating extraction scheme using both the real and imaginary parts of drain port admittance parameters. Appropriate thermal network is investigated, and a large amount of temperature rise due to self-heating is confirmed for short channel silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs with ultrathin body and buried oxide.