gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wave-Plate-Enhanced Retinal Birefringence Scanning for True Foveal Fixation Detection (2012)

We use spinning and fixed wave plates, optimized using an algorithm and related computer program, based on Müller-Stokes matrix calculus, to enhance foveal fixation detection while minimizing interference from corneal birefringence in retinal birefringence scanning.
Reduction of renal uptake of monoclonal antibody fragments by amino acid infusion. (1996)

The renal uptake of monoclonal antibody fragments in patients can be reduced significantly by amino acid infusion, even at considerably lower doses than those that were safe and effective in animals. As was found in animals, the mechanism seems to rely on an inhibition of the re-absorption of tubularly-filtered proteins by the proximal tubule cells. These results encourage further clinical trials to lower the renal uptake experienced in radioimmunodetection, as well as in therapeutic trials with antibody fragments and peptides.
Clock Synchronization Over Communication Paths With Queue-Induced Delay Asymmetries (2014)

Timing protocols such as the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol and the Network Time Protocol require an accurate measurement of the communication path delay between the time server (master) and the client (slave) in order to provide a precise timing synchronization. The precise time at the client's site is then estimated using an assumption that forward and backward delays due to physical propagation time through network are equal, or any difference between them is calibrated beforehand. Apart from physical link delays, a timing packet experiences queue-induced delay due to switching/routing devices on the path. This queuing delay is usually different in forward and backward directions, thus introducing the queue-induced asymmetry (QIA), which is a major contributor to the time error between master and slave clocks if physical asymmetries are calibrated. This letter proposes a new technique for QIA compensation that does not require any on-path timing support, thus is easily deployed with current network devices.
Automated analysis of reticulocytes using fluorescent staining with both acridine orange and an immunofluorescence technique (1983)

We have used an automated system to measure serial reticulocyte samples from phlebotomized rats and rats treated with the chemotherapeutic agent actinomycin-D. In performing the automated samples, we utilized two different methods. The first method employed a fluorescent dye, acridine orange, which stains RNA in a manner similar to supravital stains presently used in performing reticulocyte counts. The second method is unique in that we utilized an immunofluorescent assay with antitransferrin receptor antibody which identifies the transferrin receptor found on the cell surface of reticulocytes but not on mature red cells. Both methods gave reproducible values in estimating the increase in reticulocytes seen after phlebotomy and the initial reticulocytopenia followed by recovery of the peripheral blood reticulocyte count seen after treatment with actinomycin-D. Also, since the antitransferrin receptor antibody appears to recognize the more immature reticulocytes, both methods taken together may provide an estimate of the maturity of a population of reticulocytes.
Picture My Voice : Audio to Visual Speech Synthesis using Artificial Neural Networks (1999)

This paper presents an initial implementation and evaluation of a system that synthesizes visual speech directly from the acoustic waveform. An artifical neural network (ANN) was trained to map the cepstral coefficients of an individual&apos;s natural speech to the control parameters of an animated synthetic talking head. We trained on two data sets; one was a set of 400 words spoken in isolation by a single speaker and the other a subset of extemporaneous speech from 10 different speakers. The system showed learning in both cases. A perceptual evaluation test indicated that the system&apos;s generalization to new words by the same speaker provides significant visible information, but significantly below that given by a text-to-speech algorithm. 1. INTRODUCTION Persons find it hard to communicate when the auditory conditions are poor, e.g. due to noise, limited bandwidth, or hearing-impairment. Under such circumstances, face-to-face communication is preferable. The visual component of speech c...
A Modular Analog Architecture for Fuzzy Controllers (1994)

An analog circuit for function synthesis based on fuzzy logic is described. A modular architecture has been implemented: it allows to synthesize functions with the desired number of inputs, outputs and rules. A prototype with nine rules, two inputs and one output has been fabricated in a standard CMOS 1.5?m technology: the basic module featuring one rule requires a silicon area of 265?m × 140?m and the power consumption is below 350?W, using a 5V power supply. The rules are computed in parallel achieving a maximum measured delay response to a step input function of 600ns.
Uncooled thermopile infrared detector linear arrays with detectivity greater than 10/sup 9/ cmHz/sup 1/2//W (1998)

We have fabricated 63-element linear arrays of micromachined thermopile infrared detectors on silicon substrates. Each detector consists of a suspended silicon nitride membrane with 11 thermocouples of sputtered Bi-Te and Bi-Sb-Te films. At room temperature and under vacuum these detectors exhibit response times of 99 ms, zero frequency D* values of 1.4/spl times/ 10/sup 9/ cmHz/sup 1/2//W and responsivity values of 1100 V/W when viewing a 1000 K blackbody source. The only measured source of noise above 20 mHz is Johnson noise from the detector resistance. These results represent the best performance reported to date for an array of thermopile detectors. A test procedure is described that measures many of the relevant electrical, optical, and thermal properties of the detectors without specialized test structures.
Mercury Oxidation in Flue Gas Using Gold and Palladium Catalysts on Fabric Filters (2008)

The feasibility of oxidizing elemental mercury in coal combustion flue gas using catalytic material impregnated onto fabric filters was explored. TiO2, Au/TiO2, and Pd/Al2O3 were studied based on promising results in previous research. Several fabric coating methods were investigated to determine the best way to load a filter. A spray coat method was found to have the highest initial loading and had the lowest losses after simulated pulse-jet cleaning. The oxidation performance of the catalyst-coated filters was tested using a simulated flue gas in a bench-scale reactor under conditions similar to those found in a baghouse. Au/TiO2 and Pd/Al2O3 were effective, yielding mercury oxidation ranges of 40-60% and 50-80%, respectively. A 19 kW research combustor equipped with a baghouse was used to fire a range of coals and further test the performance of Pd/Al2O3. Results obtained warrant further development of this technique as a means of mercury pollution control.
Experimental evaluation of a distributed control system for chain-type self-reconfigurable robots (2004)

Self-reconfigurable robots are an instance of complex systems that can autonomously rearrange their modules. Recently, there has been a great interest in using these robots in different domains such as reconnaissance, rescue missions, and space applications for their versatility, fault tolerance, low cost of reproducibility, and efficiency in rough terrains. 
Because of their distributed nature, the control of self-reconfigurable robots is a challenging task. This dissertation contributes a totally distributed control architecture that unifies the control of self-reconfiguration, locomotion, and manipulation tasks in chain-type self-reconfigurable robots. 
DISTINCT, D-BEST, and FEATURE are three distributed algorithms that provide solutions to the problems of ‘Task Negotiation’, ‘Behavior Collaboration’, ‘Synchronization’ and ‘Autonomous Discovery and Functional Response to Topology Change’ which are fundamental in the field of self-reconfigurable robots control. All modules cooperate in problem solving process, which results a fault tolerant architecture. A special type of content-base messages, called ‘Digital Hormones’, have been used for communication among modules. 
These algorithms have been experimentally evaluated on real and simulated CONRO self-reconfigurable robots and the correctness and optimality of some algorithms have been shown. The results suggest that the proposed architecture is robust and capable of performing complex tasks.
Audio segmentation by feature-space clustering using linear discriminant analysis and dynamic programming (2004)

We consider the problem of segmenting an audio signal into characteristic regions based on feature-set similarities. In the proposed method, a feature-space representation of the signal is generated; then, sequences of feature-space samples are aggregated into clusters corresponding to distinct signal regions. The clustering of feature sets is improved via linear discriminant analysis (LDA); dynamic programming (DP) is used to derive optimal cluster boundaries. The method avoids the heuristics employed in various feature-space segmentation schemes and is able to derive an optimal segmentation once the LDA and DP cost metrics have been chosen. We demonstrate that the method outperforms typical feature-space approaches described in the literature. We focus on an illustrative example of the basic segmentation task; however, by judicious design of the feature set, the training set, and the dynamic program, the method can be tailored for various applications such as speech/music discrimination, segmentation of audio streams for smart transport, or song structure analysis for thumbnailing.
Comparative Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonism on Plasma Fibrinolytic Balance in Humans (1999)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition significantly decreases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) without altering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) during activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in humans. Because ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonists differ in their effects on angiotensin II formation and bradykinin degradation, the present study compared the effect of equivalent hypotensive doses of an ACE inhibitor and AT(1) antagonist on fibrinolytic balance. Plasma PAI-1 antigen, tPA antigen, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone were measured in 25 normotensive subjects (19 white, 6 black; 14 men, 11 women; mean age 38.5+/-1.8 years; mean body mass index 25.3+/-0.7 kg/m(2)) during low salt intake alone (10 mmol Na/d), low salt intake + quinapril (40 mg PO bid), and low salt intake + losartan (50 mg PO bid). Compared with low salt alone (systolic blood pressure [BP] 118.8+/-2.2 mm Hg), both quinapril (106.3+/-2.5 mm Hg, P<0.001) and losartan (105.4+/-2. 8 mm Hg, P<0.001) reduced BP. No statistical difference was found between quinapril and losartan in their BP lowering effect. Losartan (P=0.009), but not quinapril, lowered heart rate. Both drugs significantly lowered aldosterone (P<0.001 versus low salt alone for each); however, this effect was significantly greater for quinapril than for losartan (P<0.001 for quinapril versus losartan). Treatment with quinapril, but not with losartan, was associated with a decrease in both PAI-1 antigen (P=0.03) and activity (P=0.018). PAI-1 activity was lower during treatment with quinapril than with losartan (P=0.015). The average PAI-1 antigen concentration was 13. 0+/-2.0 ng/mL during low salt alone, 10.5+/-1.6 ng/mL during quinapril treatment, and 12.3+/-2.1 ng/mL during losartan treatment. In contrast, plasma tPA antigen concentrations were reduced during treatment with losartan (P=0.03) but not with quinapril. This study provides the first evidence that ACE inhibitors and AT(1) antagonists differ in their effects on fibrinolytic balance under conditions of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Further studies are needed to address the mechanism for the contrasting effects of these 2 classes of drugs on fibrinolysis and to define the clinical significance of these differences.
Application of constraint-based heuristics in collaborative design (2001)

Significant acceleration of todays complex collaborative design processes can be achieved if team members are able to apply search heuristics that consider the simultaneous effect of all design constraints. We present the Active approach to Design Process Management (ADPM), whereby designers receive constraint-based feedback that enables them to apply these search heuristics effectively. To evaluate ADPM, we developed a design process evaluation environment called TeamSim. Evaluation results suggest that ADPM can reduce costly design iterations at the expense of extra, less costly, verification tool executions.
Nondestructive Detection of Cartilage Degeneration Using Electromechanical Surface Spectroscopy (1994)

We have constructed an electrokinetic surface probe capable of applying small sinusoidal currents to the surface of articular cartilage and measuring the resulting current-generated stress with a piezoelectric sensor. Using the probe, we have characterized the electromechanical response of excised discs of normal and chemically modified adult bovine femoropatellar groove cartilage. The measured stress amplitude was proportional to the applied current density and inversely proportional to the excitation frequency, consistent with a poroelastic model. As a function of bath pH, the stress amplitude exhibited a minimum in the range pH 2.4-2.8 and the phase underwent an abrupt 180 degrees transition in the same range, consistent with an electrokinetic mechanism as the origin of the current-generated mechanical stress. Digestion of the tissue with trypsin resulted in a progressive loss of highly charged proteoglycan molecules from the tissue, with a concomitant decrease in the measured stress amplitude. These results support the feasibility of surface measurements as a means of assessing electromechanical transduction in cartilage and of detecting subtle molecular-level degradative changes in the extracellular matrix. This technique of surface spectroscopy provides a new means of nondestructively measuring the material properties of cartilage on intact joints and detecting degradative changes such as those seen in the earliest stages of osteoarthritis.
An Active Quench Protection System for MRI Magnets (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An active quench protection system is developed to safely protect a 1.5 T superconducting MRI magnet. The protection system includes a digital quench detection controller, a set of quench heaters and voltage taps, a battery backed DC power supply and solid-state switches. The quench controller takes the voltage signals from the voltage taps over superconducting coils and monitor a quench onset. To distinguish a quench signal from operational signals, the quench controller uses a pre-determined moving average voltage over 50 ms as the threshold signal for quench detection. The threshold signal is more than 10 times larger than any of the normal operation signals to avoid false quenching. Once detected moving average voltage exceeds the threshold, the quench controller will close solid-state relays and power quench heaters to accelerate the quench propagation over the entire magnet. The system has been tested in a MRI magnet test module. </para>
New area detector for atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (2010)

A new area detector for atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is developed and tested. The circular detector is divided into 16 segments which are individually optically coupled with photomultiplier tubes. Thus, 16 atomic-resolution STEM images which are sensitive to the spatial distribution of scattered electrons on the detector plane can be simultaneously obtained. This new detector can be potentially used not only for the simultaneous formation of common bright-field, low-angle annular dark-field and high-angle annular dark-field images, but also for the quantification of images by detecting the full range of scattered electrons and even for exploring novel atomic-resolution imaging modes by post-processing combination of the individual images.
Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy for Label-Free Chemical Imaging (2009)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman techniques are increasing the utility of Raman scattering for chemical and biological diagnostics.
Abstract 5715: Modulation of Radiation Response after TGFβ signaling Blockade in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cell Carcinomas (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadliest malignancies worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is a major therapeutic modality for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There is substantial evidence that ionizing radiation triggers activation of TGFβ especially in lung, breast and liver tumor. TGFβ inhibition prior to IR inhibits the DNA damage response in epithelial cells via blockade of ATM kinase activity (Cancer Res 62:5627, 2002; Cancer Res 66:10861, 2006) and sensitizes radiation responses in breast cancer cell lines and tumors (Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:6754-6765.). The current studies test whether TGFβ blockade prior to irradiation modulates radiation response of NSCLC cell lines, NCI-H1299, NCI-H292, H460 and Lewis Lung Cancer (LLC), assessed in vitro and in vivo. All NSCLC cell lines responded to TGFβ by phosphorylation of Smad2, which was blocked by LY364947, a small molecule TGFβ type 1 receptor inhibitor. NCI-H1299 and LLC were insensitive to TGFβ growth inhibition in vitro. LY364947 increased radiosensitivity in NCI-H1299 and H460 in clonogenic assays. Consistent with increased clonogenic cell death, TGFβ inhibition also compromised radiation-induced phosphorylation of H2AX and ATM in NCI-H1299. Treatment of cultured LLC cells with either small molecule TGFβ type 1 receptor inhibitor or TGFβ neutralizing antibody, 1D11, significantly increased LLC radiosensitivity as measured by clonogenic assay. Furthermore, C57BL mice bearing subcutaneous LLC tumors treated before and after RT with 1D11 or 13C4 isotype control antibody (20 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in greater tumor growth delay compared to RT and control antibody. Together, these data indicate that TGFβ inhibition prior to radiation attenuates DNA damage responses, enhances clonogenic cell killing, and promotes tumor growth delay. Given the recognized role of radiation-induced TGFβ in lung fibrosis, the therapeutic index for RT could be significantly increased if circumstances are defined in which TGFβ inhibition during RT both enhances lung cancer radiosensitivity and protects normal lung. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5715. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5715
In Addition to SEC11, a Newly Identified Gene,SPC3, Is Essential for Signal Peptidase Activity in the Yeast Endoplasmic Reticulum (1997)

Among the three characterized subunits comprising the signal peptidase complex of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sec11p, Spc1p, and Spc2p), only Sec11p is essential for cell growth, signal peptide cleavage, and signal peptidase-dependent protein degradation. Here we report the cloning of the SPC3 gene encoding the homolog to mammalian signal peptidase subunit SPC22/23. We find that Spc3p is also required for cell growth and signal peptidase activity within the yeast endoplasmic reticulum.
Native Resolution Detection of Video Sequences (2015)

We present a method to detect the lowest resolution that a video sequence segment has undergone before being rendered and presented at some higher resolution. The method is based on extracting homogenous regions within a given video sequence, performing Discrete Fourier Transform on each one of the color components (Y/Cb/Cr) for each video frame, normalizing the magnitude of the spectrum such that the total AC energy is one and then taking its logarithm. Average log-magnitude spectra demonstrate certain patterns that are typical of re-sampling techniques that video frames are undergone during post-production. The method is demonstrated on a few video sequences, showing typical up-sampling of video content, as a result of inherent camera resolution limitations, special effects overlaying at lower than the natural video scene footage and chroma subsampling.
An Evaluation of Beta Titanium Alloys for Use in Orthodontic Appliances (1979)

A beta titanium alloy was evaluated for use in orthodontic appliances. Standard mechanical tests and a specially designed spring test were used. Two particular thermo-mechanical treatments resulted in titanium springs with 1.8 times the extension of comparable stainless steel springs, and a 2.2 fold reduction in force per unit displacement.
The <i>abp</i> locus of <i>Streptococcus uberis</i> encodes a protein homologous to polar amino acid and opine binding proteins of Gram-negative bacteria (1998)

A gene locus abp was identified immediately upstream of the CAMP factor gene cfu in Streptococcus uberis. An open reading frame capable of coding for a 277-residue protein was identified. On the basis of sequence characteristics, the abp gene product is potentially a polar amino acid and opine binding component of an ATP-binding cassette type (ABC-type) transport system similar to those of Gram-negative bacteria. This membrane protein is likely lipid modified at its amino terminus and was present in five S. uberis strains and one Streptococcus parauberis strain examined.
An Etalon based Optoelectronic Oscillator (2010)

A 10.287 GHz optoelectronic oscillator is demonstrated which uses a 1000 finesse Fabry-Perot etalon as the mode selector instead of an RF filter. The new OEO has higher RF frequency stability and lower phase noise.
Object Surface Estimation from Radar Images (2020)

In this paper we develop a deep neural network (DNN) method for estimating the object surface from radar 2D image (azimuth-range). The DNN is designed to maintain the input image angular resolution and produces two outputs per each angle, which are a classification bit and a regression value. The classification bit determines whether there is a reflection point per each angle, and the regression value is the estimated reflection range. We have developed a statistical simulation model that approximates the statistics of the radar image, and trained the network with synthetically generated examples from the simulation model. The network showed good performance on radar images that were obtained from real radar measurements, and also showed to outperform the common CFAR reference method.
Asymmetric dual-gate multi-fin keeper bias options and optimization for low power and robust FinFET domino logic (2008)

A variable threshold voltage keeper circuit technique using independent-gate FinFET technology is proposed in this paper for simultaneous power reduction and speed enhancement in domino logic circuits. The threshold voltage of a keeper transistor is dynamically modified during circuit operation to reduce contention current without sacrificing noise immunity. The optimum independent-gate keeper gate bias conditions are identified for achieving maximum savings in delay and power consumption while maintaining identical noise immunity as compared to the standard tied-gate FinFET domino circuits. With the variable threshold voltage asymmetric double-gate keeper circuit technique the evaluation speed is enhanced by up to 49% while reducing the power consumption by up to 46% as compared to a standard domino logic circuit designed for similar noise margin in a 32 nm FinFET technology.