gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Caching in an Object-Oriented System (1993)

Caching is an important technique for improving performance in distributed systems. However, in general, it has been performed on an ad-hoc basis, with each component of the system having to invent its own caching techniques. In the Spring operating system, we provide a unified caching architecture that can be used to cache a variety of different kinds of remote objects. For any given kind of object, this architecture lets different client processes within a single machine share a single cache for accessing remote objects. This caching is performed by a separate cacher process on the machine local to client processes, the caching is transparent to the clients, and the cached information is kept coherent. This architecture has been used to implement caching for files and for naming contexts.
Parametric Study Of Large-Scale Production Of Syngas Via High Temperature Co-Electrolysis (2007)

A process model has been developed to evaluate the potential performance of a largescale high-temperature co-electrolysis plant for the production of syngas from steam and carbon dioxide. The co-electrolysis process allows for direct electrochemical reduction of the steam – carbon dioxide gas mixture, yielding hydrogen and carbon monoxide, or syngas. The process model has been developed using the Honeywell UniSim systems analysis code. Using this code, a detailed process flow sheet has been defined that includes all the components that would be present in an actual plant such as pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, turbines, and the electrolyzer. Since the electrolyzer is not a standard UniSim component, a custom one-dimensional co-electrolysis model was developed for incorporation into the overall UniSim process flow sheet. The one dimensional co-electrolysis model assumes local chemical equilibrium among the four process-gas species via the gas shift reaction. The electrolyzer model allows for the determination of co-electrolysis outlet temperature, composition (anode and cathode sides); mean Nernst potential, operating voltage and electrolyzer power based on specified inlet gas flow rates, heat loss or gain, current density, and cell area-specific resistance. The one-dimensional electrolyzer model was validated by comparison with results obtained from a fully three dimensional computational fluid dynamics model developed using FLUENT, and by comparison to experimental data. This paper provides representative results obtained from the UniSim flow sheet model for a 300 MW co-electrolysis plant, coupled to a high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. The coelectrolysis process, coupled to a nuclear reactor, provides a means of recycling carbon dioxide back into a useful liquid fuel. If the carbon dioxide source is based on biomass, the overall process, from production through utilization, would be climate neutral.
Positive photosensitive polyimide synthesized by block-copolymerization for KrF lithography (2000)

We have developed photosensitive polyimides synthesized by block-copolymerization for KrF lithography. The polyimides were synthesized from aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and aliphatic diamines. Aliphatic rings have been introduced to reduce absorption at 248 nm (KrF). We have obtained line patterns of 0.17 micrometer at a dose of 170 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, and line and space patterns of 0.25 micrometer at a dose of 190 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.
Direct atomic-level insight into the active sites of a high-performance PGM-free ORR catalyst (2017)

Platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts have emerged as a promising alternative to their costly platinum (Pt)-based counterparts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) but still face some major challenges, including (i) the identification of the most relevant catalytic site for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and (ii) demonstration of competitive PEFC performance under automotive-application conditions in the hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>)-air fuel cell. Herein, we demonstrate H<sub>2</sub>-air performance gains achieved with an iron-nitrogen-carbon catalyst synthesized with two nitrogen precursors that developed hierarchical porosity. Current densities recorded in the kinetic region of cathode operation, at fuel cell voltages greater than ~0.75 V, were the same as those obtained with a Pt cathode at a loading of 0.1 milligram of Pt per centimeter squared. The proposed catalytic active site, carbon-embedded nitrogen-coordinated iron (FeN<sub>4</sub>), was directly visualized with aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, and the contributions of these active sites associated with specific lattice-level carbon structures were explored computationally.
Balancing energy, latency and accuracy for mobile sensor data classification (2011)

Sensor convergence on the mobile phone is spawning a broad base of new and interesting mobile applications. As applications grow in sophistication, raw sensor readings often require classification into more useful application-specific high-level data. For example, GPS readings can be classified as running, walking or biking. Unfortunately, traditional classifiers are not built for the challenges of mobile systems: energy, latency, and the dynamics of mobile.
Abstract A130: Fragment-based discovery and optimization of Rho kinase inhibitors. (2011)

Abstract Using high concentration biochemical assays and fragment-based screening, we designed and optimized a novel class of Rho-kinase inhibitors. Ligand Efficiency (LE) was employed to assess the binding potential of the fragments and to guide the optimization process. In addition, molecular modeling was used to aide the design of potent inhibitors. A series of fragments as hinge binders were designed and synthesized, and screened using high concentration biochemical assays. Both the spacer length and isomeric tail molecules played key roles in both activity and selectivity. Structure activity relationship studies led to optimization of fragments that yielded potent and selective ROCK 1 and ROCK 2 inhibitors. For instance, compound 24 was highly potent and selective for ROCK 2 (IC50 = 100 nM) over ROCK 1 (IC50 = 1690 nM) whereas compound 18 was potent and selective for ROCK 1 (IC50 = 460 nM) over ROCK 2 (IC50 = 700nM). Compound 24 but not its inactive stereoisomer 23, and compound 18 but not its inactive analog 11 inhibited the phosphorylation of Rho Kinase substrates in intact human cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A130.
Estimating oxygen saturation of blood in vivo with MR imaging at 1.5 T (1991)

The use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is investigated for noninvasively estimating the oxygen saturation of human blood (%HbO2) in vivo by means of relaxation characteristics identified in earlier MR spectrometry studies. To this end, a sequence is presented for determining the T2 of vascular blood in regions in which motions of the body and of the blood itself present a major challenge. With use of this sequence on a commercial 1.5-T whole-body imager, the relationship between the T2 and %HbO2 of blood is calibrated in vitro for the conditions expected in vivo. T2 varies predictably from about 30 to 250 msec as %HbO2 varies from 30% to 96%. T2 values measured in situ for vascular blood in the mediastinum of several healthy subjects qualitatively reflected the behavior observed in vitro. Estimates of %HbO2 for these vessels obtained with the in vitro calibration appear reasonable, particularly for venous blood, although difficulties arise in selecting the appropriate calibration factors. These encouraging initial results support a more systematic study of potential sources of error and an examination of the accuracy of in vivo measurements by comparison with direct measurements of %HbO2 in vessels.
A highly reliable ferroelectric memory technology with SrBi/sub 2/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/-based material and metal covering cell structure (2001)

A multilevel metal process-based highly reliable ferroelectric memory (FeRAM) has been developed. Highly reliable characteristics have been attained by two techniques. One is a newly developed ferroelectric material with mixed superlattice crystal of SrBi/sub 2/(Ta/sub x/,Nb/sub 1-x/)/sub 2/O/sub 9/ and Bi/sub 2/ (Ta/sub x/,Nb/sub 1-x/)O/sub 6/. Which provides an elevated remnant polarization while keeping a low coercive voltage. The other is a metal covering memory cell structure which makes the use of plasma silicon nitride (p-SiN) passivation possible without reduction of the ferroelectric thin film by a hydrogen plasma during p-SiN deposition, which results in no B degradation of the characteristics of cell capacitors. The FeRAM cell capacitors with the above newly developed ferroelectric material and metal covering structure have been fabricated by using a 0.6-/spl mu/ double level metal process. The fabricated cell capacitors show highly reliable characteristics such as the ensured retention of data written at a low voltage of 2.4 V and humidity resistance for 10 y under a high temperature of 70/spl deg/C, which is promising for commercialization of FeRAM and its embedded LSIs.
Realistic and efficient rendering of free‐form knitwear (2001)

Abstract We present a method for rendering knitwear on free‐form surfaces. This method has three main advantages. First, it renders yarn microstructure realistically and efficiently. Second, the rendering efficiency of yarn microstructure does not come at the price of ignoring the interactions between the neighboring yarn loops. Such interactions are modeled in our system to further enhance realism. Finally, our approach gives the user intuitive control on a few key aspects of knitwear appearance: the fluffiness of the yarn and the irregularity in the positioning of the yarn loops. The result is a system that efficiently produces highly realistic rendering of free‐form knitwear with user control on key aspects of visual appearance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real-time continuous iris recognition for authentication using an eye tracker (2012)

The majority of today's authentication systems, including password and fingerprint scanners, are based on one-time, static authentication methods. A continuous, real-time authentication system opens up the possibility for greater security, but such a system must be unobtrusive and secure. In this work we studied whether a commercial eye tracker can be used for unobtrusive, continuous, real-time user authentication via iris recognition. In a user study, all 37 participants could be authenticated with 11% equal error rate (EER). For 14 of the 37 users, iris occlusion was sufficiently small to authenticate with 9% EER. When classified using a k-nearest neighbors algorithm and only the right iris, the same data set allowed 100% accuracy for k = 3. Although these error rates are too high for standalone use, iris recognition via an eye tracker might enable real-time continuous authentication when combined with other more reliable authentication means (e.g., a password). As eye trackers become widely available their capabilities for multiple factor, continuous authentication will become compelling.
Designing the optimal convolution kernel for modeling the motion blur (2011)

Motion blur acts on an image like a two dimensional low pass filter, whose spatial frequency characteristic depends both on the trajectory of the relative motion between the scene and the camera and on the velocity vector variation along it. When motion during exposure is permitted, the conventional, static notions of both the image exposure and the scene-toimage mapping become unsuitable and must be revised to accommodate the image formation dynamics. This paper develops an exact image formation model for arbitrary object-camera relative motion with arbitrary velocity profiles. Moreover, for any motion the camera may operate in either continuous or flutter shutter exposure mode. Its result is a convolution kernel, which is optimally designed for both the given motion and sensor array geometry, and hence permits the most accurate computational undoing of the blurring effects for the given camera required in forensic and high security applications. The theory has been implemented and a few examples are shown in the paper.
A 100 W multi-band four-way integrated Doherty amplifier (2016)

A four-way Doherty amplifier architecture with high integration is proposed to address the simultaneous challenges of multi-band capability and high back-off efficiency. Based on this approach, a compact 100 W LDMOS amplifier is designed and characterized in the 1.805 to 2.17 GHz frequency band. It achieves 13.4 dB maximum gain, together with 47 % efficiency at 8 dB back-off, and can be linearized to lower than -59 dBc ACPR level with a 20 MHz wide LTE signal. The fabricated amplifier features a compact size of 50 × 80 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Chemical Synthesis of All Phosphatidylinositol Mannoside (PIM) Glycans from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2008)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and problems with the BCG tuberculosis vaccine to protect humans against TB have prompted investigations into alternative approaches to combat this disease by exploring novel bacterial drug targets and vaccines. Phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) are biologically important glycoconjugates and represent common essential precursors of more complex mycobacterial cell wall glycolipids including lipomannan (LM), lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and mannan capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM). Synthetic PIMs constitute important biochemical tools to elucidate the biosynthesis of this class of molecules, to reveal PIM interactions with host cells, and to investigate the function of PIMs as potential antigens and/or adjuvants for vaccine development. Here, we report the efficient synthesis of all PIMs including phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylinositol mono- to hexa-mannoside (PIM1 to PIM6). Robust synthetic protocols were developed for utilizing bicyclic and tricyclic orthoesters as well as mannosyl phosphates as glycosylating agents. Each synthetic PIM was equipped with a thiol-linker for immobilization on surfaces and carrier proteins for biological and immunological studies. The synthetic PIMs were immobilized on microarray slides to elucidate differences in binding to the dendritic cell specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) receptor. Synthetic PIMs served as immune stimulators during immunization experiments in C57BL/6 mice when coupled to the model antigen keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH).
An Engineered Human-Antibody Fragment with Fentanyl Pan-Specificity that Reverses Carfentanil-Induced Respiratory Depression (2023)

The opioid overdose crisis primarily driven by potent synthetic opioids resulted in more than 500,000 deaths in the US over the last 20 years. Though naloxone, a short acting medication, remains the primary treatment option for temporarily reversing opioid overdose effects, alternative countermeasures are needed. Monoclonal antibodies present a versatile therapeutic opportunity that can be tailored for synthetic opioids and that can help prevent post-treatment renarcotization. The ultrapotent analog carfentanil, is especially concerning due to its unique pharmacological properties. With this in mind, we generated a fully human antibody through a drug-specific B cell sorting strategy with a combination of carfentanil and fentanyl probes. The resulting pan-specific antibody was further optimized through scFv phage display. This antibody, C10-S66K, displays high affinity to carfentanil, fentanyl, and other analogs, and reversed carfentanil-induced respiratory depression. Additionally, x-ray crystal structures with carfentanil and fentanyl bound provided structural insight into key drug:antibody interactions.
Properties of Dense PLZT Piezoelectrics (1993)

Perovskite PZT and PLZT ceramics have been hot- forged to densification > 98 % of their theoretical values. The piezoelectric d 33 coefficient in the PLZT dense ceramics exceeds 650 pC/N compared to 550 pC/N for conventionally sintered ceramics. In addition, the microstructure in these samples is much improved, and a substantial amount of grain orientation is observed. This combination of properties results in a substantial increase in fatigue life, and we expect the hot-forging technique to extend the fatigue life to over 10 9 cycles.
3-(Aminoalkyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-ones as potential anticholinergic bronchodilators (1989)

A series of 3-(aminoalkyl)benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-ones was prepared and tested as potential orally active anticholinergic bronchodilators. Inhibition of methacholine-induced collapse in guinea pigs and inhibition of pilocarpine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs served as in vivo models. Simultaneous measurement of salivary inhibition in the dog model allowed determination of a pulmonary selectivity ratio. The benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridin-5-one parent ring system was prepared by Pechman condensation of phenols with a piperidine beta-keto ester. Alkylation with aminoalkyl halides, or with 1-chloro-2-propanone followed by reductive amination, yielded the 3-substituted target compounds. Bronchodilator potency was related to the extent of steric crowding surrounding the side-chain terminal amine function. Addition of a methyl substituent on the carbon alpha to the terminal amine often increased potency or pulmonary selectivity. After secondary pharmacological evaluation, compound 7a, designated CI-923, was selected for clinical trial as a bronchodilator.
<title>Eyewear-based displays for personal electronics</title> (2000)

This paper addresses the development of eyewear based displays for portable, personal electronics. The personal electronic system applications include the wearable personal computer, portable digital video disk player, and the cellular telephone. We describe progress on integrated eyewear systems, as well as on clip-on systems that can attach to ordinary eyewear. We conclude with a short description of a system that will include a camera, display, and audio system.
A novel electron gun for inline MRI‐linac configurations (2014)

In this work, a specially designed electron gun was presented which can operate in the presence of axisymmetric strong magnetic fringe fields of MRI magnets. Computer simulations show that the electron gun can produce high quality beams which can be injected into a straight through linac such as Varian 600 C and accelerated with more efficiency in the presence of the external magnetic fields. Also, the new configuration allows linac displacements along the magnet axis in a range equal to the diameter of the imaging spherical volume of the magnet under consideration. The new electron gun-linac system can function in the fringe field of a MRI magnet if the field strength at the cathode position is higher than 0.11 T. The capture efficiency of the linac depends on the magnetic field strength and the field gradient. The higher the gradient the better the capture efficiency. The capture efficiency does not degrade more than 16%.
Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Parallel Minimanipulator (1994)

Six-degree-of-freedom parallel minimanipulator stiffer and simpler than earlier six-degree-of-freedom manipulators. Includes only three inextensible limbs with universal joints at ends. Limbs have equal lengths and act in parallel as they share load on manipulated platform. Designed to provide high resolution and high stiffness for fine control of position and force in hybrid serial/parallel-manipulator system.
LayoutGAN: Generating Graphic Layouts with Wireframe Discriminators (2019)

Layout is important for graphic design and scene generation. We propose a novel Generative Adversarial Network, called LayoutGAN, that synthesizes layouts by modeling geometric relations of different types of 2D elements. The generator of LayoutGAN takes as input a set of randomly-placed 2D graphic elements and uses self-attention modules to refine their labels and geometric parameters jointly to produce a realistic layout. Accurate alignment is critical for good layouts. We thus propose a novel differentiable wireframe rendering layer that maps the generated layout to a wireframe image, upon which a CNN-based discriminator is used to optimize the layouts in image space. We validate the effectiveness of LayoutGAN in various experiments including MNIST digit generation, document layout generation, clipart abstract scene generation and tangram graphic design.
Global Gene Expression Analysis of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Treated with Tobacco Condensates (2004)

Gene expression patterns were assessed in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells exposed to cigarette smoke condensates (CSC) from commercial cigarettes in order to develop a better understanding of the genomic impact of tobacco exposure, and to define biomarkers that can potentially discriminate tobacco-related effects and outcomes in a clinical setting. NHBE cells were treated with CSCs from two American brands for up to 12 hours in the presence of S9 microsomal fraction from Aroclor 1254-treated rats. High-density oligonucleotide microarrays coupled with a novel statistical analysis that relies on statistical significance levels rather than arbitrary fold-change differences was used to identify genes that undergo expression alterations upon treatment. Expression patterns of approximately 3700 genes were altered after CSC treatments. While a majority of these genes were affected by both CSCs, each condensate also affected a unique subset of approximately 1000 genes. An unexpected finding was that S9, required for metabolizing procarcinogens in CSCs to carcinogenic metabolites, also altered the expression of approximately 1700 genes. Exposure of NHBE cells to different CSCs alters the expression of a large set of genes that affect a common set of biological pathways including those relevant to carcinogenesis. Identification of CSC-affected genes and underlying biological processes may generate an atlas of molecular events that includes biomarkers of tobacco exposure and disease status in smokers. Finally, the finding that S9 affects the expression of a number of genes may have implications for various toxicogenetic assays currently used by regulatory agencies to evaluate harmful effects in exposed humans.
On the capacity of a cellular CDMA system (1991)

It is shown that, particularly for terrestrial cellular telephony, the interference-suppression feature of CDMA (code division multiple access) can result in a many-fold increase in capacity over analog and even over competing digital techniques. A single-cell system, such as a hubbed satellite network, is addressed, and the basic expression for capacity is developed. The corresponding expressions for a multiple-cell system are derived. and the distribution on the number of users supportable per cell is determined. It is concluded that properly augmented and power-controlled multiple-cell CDMA promises a quantum increase in current cellular capacity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>