gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lung ultrasound in the critically ill (2014)

Lung ultrasound is a basic application of critical ultrasound, defined as a loop associating urgent diagnoses with immediate therapeutic decisions. It requires the mastery of ten signs: the bat sign (pleural line), lung sliding (yielding seashore sign), the A-line (horizontal artifact), the quad sign, and sinusoid sign indicating pleural effusion, the fractal, and tissue-like sign indicating lung consolidation, the B-line, and lung rockets indicating interstitial syndrome, abolished lung sliding with the stratosphere sign suggesting pneumothorax, and the lung point indicating pneumothorax. Two more signs, the lung pulse and the dynamic air bronchogram, are used to distinguish atelectasis from pneumonia. All of these disorders were assessed using CT as the "gold standard" with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 90% to 100%, allowing ultrasound to be considered as a reasonable bedside "gold standard" in the critically ill. The BLUE-protocol is a fast protocol (<3 minutes), which allows diagnosis of acute respiratory failure. It includes a venous analysis done in appropriate cases. Pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pneumothorax yield specific profiles. Pulmonary edema, e.g., yields anterior lung rockets associated with lung sliding, making the "B-profile." The FALLS-protocol adapts the BLUE-protocol to acute circulatory failure. It makes sequential search for obstructive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and distributive shock using simple real-time echocardiography (right ventricle dilatation, pericardial effusion), then lung ultrasound for assessing a direct parameter of clinical volemia: the apparition of B-lines, schematically, is considered as the endpoint for fluid therapy. Other aims of lung ultrasound are decreasing medical irradiation: the LUCIFLR program (most CTs in ARDS or trauma can be postponed), a use in traumatology, intensive care unit, neonates (the signs are the same than in adults), many disciplines (pulmonology, cardiology…), austere countries, and a help in any procedure (thoracentesis). A 1992, cost-effective gray-scale unit, without Doppler, and a microconvex probe are efficient. Lung ultrasound is a holistic discipline for many reasons (e.g., one probe, perfect for the lung, is able to scan the whole-body). Its integration can provide a new definition of priorities. The BLUE-protocol and FALLS-protocol allow simplification of expert echocardiography, a clear advantage when correct cardiac windows are missing.
Specific binding of collagen type IV to Streptococcus pyogenes (1989)

Many strains of Streptococcus pyogenes are capable of binding type IV collagen. In the present study, all 50 S. pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute glomerulonephritis showed high or moderate affinity for radiolabelled type IV collagen. A majority of strains of other sources, such as reference strains of various M-types and strains isolated from patients with pharyngeal infections also bound type IV collagen; however, a number of weak binders or non-binders were found among those. The collagen type IV binding component(s) on S. pyogenes were susceptible to proteinase K digestion, partially sensitive to trypsin but insensitive to pepsin treatment at pH 5.5. According to tests with three M-positive strains and their M-negative derivatives, the binding was not dependent on M-protein. The binding was saturable with time and inhibited by unlabelled type IV collagen. Partially inhibition was found with type II collagen, gelatin and fibrinogen but not with a number of other serum proteins.
Automatic Generation of Authentication Questions from Private Messages (2015)

In this paper, we propose a method of automatically generating authentication questions in social network services (SNSs) and mail account services. When a malicious user obtains a password of some SNS or mail account, the user can access private messages posted/sent to or from the account. If it is an SNS account, the user can also access messages posted in closed SNS groups the account participates in. In order to prevent it, many systems pose additional questions when a suspicious user tries to login to an account or tries to access messages in a closed group. Our method automatically generates such authentication questions for an account or group by using the messages in that account or group. Our method shows one of the messages with substituting one noun with a blank, and ask the accessing user what word was there. To detect fake users, we need to select a noun that is easy enough for the authentic user to remember but is sufficiently difficult for fake users to infer based on general knowledge and information on the Web. We select a noun based on two factors. First, for each candidate noun, we compute its co-occurrence degrees on the Web with other words in the same message. If a noun has high co-occurrence degrees with other words in the message, the noun must be easy for fake users to infer. Second, our system collects coordinate terms (co-hyponyms) of each candidate noun, and calculate the same co-occurrence degrees of them. If there are coordinate terms that have higher co-occurrence degrees than a candidate noun, we expect that the noun is difficult for fake users to infer because those coordinate terms seem to fake users more likely to be the answer. We developed four methods of noun selection based on these two factors. Our preliminary experiment shows that the selection only based on the former factor produces more difficult questions than the selection based on the both factors, but it often chooses uncommon words that are difficult to remember even for authentic users. On the other hand, the selection based on the both factors often chooses more common words, but it sometimes chooses words that even fake users can easily guess.
HOX proteins and leukemia. (2008)

HOX and three amino acid loop extension (TALE) proteins cooperate to induce transformation in mouse leukemia models, and are dysregulated in a variety of human leukemias. Despite decades of research, the mechanism of action for Hox proteins in embryogenesis and hematopoiesis remains unclear. Recent studies on the roles of Hoxa9 and Meis1 in leukemia has led to a wealth of new data, but their molecular mechanisms of action and synergy remain obscure. Advances in genome-wide technologies offer new avenues for understanding how homeodomain-containing transcription factors exert their programs in normal and neoplastic development.
Unsupervised anomaly detection with compact deep features for wind turbine blade images taken by a drone (2019)

Abstract Detecting anomalies in wind turbine blades from aerial images taken by drones can reduce the costs of periodic inspections. Deep learning is useful for image recognition, but it requires large amounts of data to be collected on rare abnormalities. In this paper, we propose a method to distinguish normal and abnormal parts of a blade by combining one-class support vector machine, an unsupervised learning method, with deep features learned from a generic image dataset. The images taken by a drone are subsampled, projected to the feature space, and compressed by using principle component analysis (PCA) to make them learnable. Experiments show that features in the lower layers of deep nets are useful for detecting anomalies in blade images.
Lycopene from heat-induced<i>cis</i>-isomer-rich tomato sauce is more bioavailable than from all-<i>trans</i>-rich tomato sauce in human subjects (2007)

Lycopene is present mainly as cis-isomers in human serum and tissues whereas all-trans-lycopene predominates in tomato products, suggesting that all-trans-lycopene is isomerised in the body or is less bioavailable. The objectives of the present study were to develop processing conditions for tomatoes to obtain products with different cis-trans-lycopene isomer distribution and to assess their bioavailability. Healthy adult subjects (n 12) were recruited for this randomised cross-over trial. Each intervention was preceded by a 2-week washout period. Two tomato sauces, one rich in all-trans-lycopene (32.5 mg total lycopene/100 g sauce; 5 % cis-isomers), the other high in cis-lycopene (26.4 mg total lycopene/100 g sauce; 45 % cis-isomers), were produced by different heat-processing techniques. Each sauce (150 g) was served in a standardised meal at 08.00 hours after overnight fasting. Plasma TAG-rich lipoprotein fractions over 9.5 h following test-meal consumption as a measure of lycopene absorption were obtained and expressed as baseline-corrected area under the concentration v. time curves (AUC), using HPLC-electrochemical detection. AUC values adjusted for the amount lycopene consumed showed that total, total cis-, and all-trans-lycopene responses were significantly higher from the cis-isomer-rich sauce, compared with the all-trans-rich sauce, being 7.30 (sem 1.45) v. 4.74 (sem 1.08) nmol x h/l (P = 0.002), 3.80 (sem 0.76) v. 1.98 (sem 0.37) nmol x h/l (P = 0.0005) and 3.50 (sem 0.76) v. 2.76 (sem 0.76) nmol x h/l (P = 0.01), respectively. The present study demonstrates significant lycopene bioavailability from cis-lycopene-rich tomato sauce and highlights the importance of considering isomer-distribution for lycopene bioavailability. Furthermore, processing parameters can be controlled to alter isomer patterns of tomato products and influence lycopene bioavailability.
A Contemporary Look at the Evaluation and Treatment of Adult Borderline and Frank Hip Dysplasia (2019)

Adult hip dysplasia is most commonly diagnosed based on the LCEA; however, the LCEA is an unreliable sole marker for dysplasia, and additional radiographic parameters should be utilized. Furthermore, specific pathology identified on imaging and/or during hip arthroscopy can provide clues to a surgeon when the diagnosis is inconclusive according to history and physical examination alone. While the data support that patients with frank dysplasia are best treated with PAO, there is no such preferred treatment for patients with BHD, who have a wide spectrum of instability. Selective use of arthroscopic labral and capsular treatment alone may provide good results in carefully chosen patients with BHD, while some may end up requiring a bony realignment procedure.
Electric-field tunable magnetic-field-sensor based on CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junction (2014)

We demonstrate an electric-field-tunable magnetic-field-sensor based on CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junction with interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). From the dynamic lock-in measurements, we show that an applied electric-field induces a peak in sensor voltage (VSENSOR) around the free layer magnetization switching regime in response to external a.c. magnetic field. Detailed measurements of VSENSOR as functions of free layer thickness, a.c. magnetic field amplitude and frequency reveal that the sensitivity of the sensor can be up to 80.8 V cm−1 Oe−1 under −0.5 V, which can be controlled by the strength and polarity of the applied electric-field via electric-field controlled PMA. We discuss the origin of our observations based on the oscillations in the tunnel magnetoresistance, and this may trigger the development of magnetoelectrically controlled magnetic-field-sensor based on magnetic tunnel junctions.
Expression of breast cancer resistance protein in blast cells from patients with acute leukemia (2000)

Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a novel member of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette superfamily of transport proteins. Transfection and enforced expression of BCRP in drug-sensitive cells confer resistance to mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and topotecan. We studied blast cells from 21 acute leukemia patients (20 acute myeloid leukemia, 1 acute lymphocytic leukemia) for the expression of BCRP mRNA using a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. BCRP mRNA expression varied more than 1000-fold among the samples tested, with low or barely detectable expression in half of the samples. Seven samples (33%) had relatively high expression of BCRP mRNA. High expression of BCRP did not correlate strongly with high expression of P-glycoprotein, suggesting that BCRP may cause resistance to certain antileukemic drugs in P-glycoprotein-negative cases. High expression of BCRP mRNA is sufficiently frequent in AML to warrant more extensive investigations to determine the relation of disease subtype and treatment outcome to BCRP expression and function.
New results from the use of bisphosphonates in cancer patients (2009)

The roles of bisphosphonates in metastatic bone disease and the prevention of cancer treatment induced bone loss have been defined. However, results from ongoing metastasis prevention trials are required before routine adjuvant bisphosphonates can be recommended.
Fully convolutional networks for building and road extraction: Preliminary results (2016)

Available big geoscientific data and modern powerful computation hardware have laid a solid foundation for the prevailing deep learning models in the field of image classification, detection and segmentation. In these models, fully convolutional networks achieve unprecedented success in image segmentation tasks [6]. In this paper, we apply the contemporary image segmentation models in the context of extracting buildings and roads from high spatial resolution imagery. We estimate the influence of filter stride, learning rate, input data size, training epoch and fine-tuning on model performance. Selected Massachusetts road and building datasets are used for training, validation, and testing the performance of the models with different parameters. As a result of combining shallow fine-grained pooling layer outputs with the deep final-score layer or abandoning coarse-grained pooling layers, the extraction precision rate of the best modified model improves significantly to over 78%.
Single-cell epigenomics: Recording the past and predicting the future (2017)

Single-cell multi-omics has recently emerged as a powerful technology by which different layers of genomic output-and hence cell identity and function-can be recorded simultaneously. Integrating various components of the epigenome into multi-omics measurements allows for studying cellular heterogeneity at different time scales and for discovering new layers of molecular connectivity between the genome and its functional output. Measurements that are increasingly available range from those that identify transcription factor occupancy and initiation of transcription to long-lasting and heritable epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation. Together with techniques in which cell lineage is recorded, this multilayered information will provide insights into a cell's past history and its future potential. This will allow new levels of understanding of cell fate decisions, identity, and function in normal development, physiology, and disease.
Programming with proofs and explicit contexts (2008)

This paper explores a new point in the design space of functional programming: functional programming with dependently-typed higher-order data structures described in the logical framework LF. This allows us to program with proofs as higher-order data. We present a decidable bidirectional type system that distinguishes between dependently-typed data and computations. To support reasoning about open data, our foundation makes contexts explicit. This provides us with a concise characterization of open data, which is crucial to elegantly describe proofs. In addition, we present an operational semantics for this language based on higherorder pattern matching for dependently typed objects. Based on this development, we prove progress and preservation
The identification and partial characterization of the fibroblast growth factor receptor of baby hamster kidney cells. (1985)

The binding of biologically active, 125I-labeled basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to baby hamster kidney-derived cell line cells (BHK-21) was studied at 4 degrees C. Unlabeled FGF displaced cell surface bound 125I-FGF, but platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin, or transferrin did not. Binding was saturable both as a function of time and as a function of increasing 125I-FGF concentrations. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed the presence of about 1.2 X 10(5) binding sites/cell with an apparent KD of 270 pM. The number of the binding sites was down-regulated following preincubation of the cells with FGF. The density of binding sites/cell also decreased as an inverse function of cell density. When 125I-FGF binding was studied in a BHK-21 cell membrane preparation, it was found that the membranal binding site displayed a lower KD of 21 pM. 125I-FGF was covalently cross-linked to its cell surface receptor on intact BHK-21 cells using the homobifunctional agent disuccinimidyl suberate. Two macromolecular species with an apparent molecular weight of 145,000 and 125,000, respectively, were labeled under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. Unlabeled FGF competed with 125I-FGF for binding to both macromolecular species. The labeling of the macromolecules was also inhibited by heparin. No labeling was observed in the absence of the cross-linkers or when heat-inactivated 125I-FGF was used instead of radiolabeled, biologically active FGF.
Wagner–Meerwein-Type Rearrangements of Germapolysilanes - A Stable Ion Study (2015)

The rearrangement of tris(trimethylsilyl)silyltrimethylgermane <b>1</b> to give tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)germane <b>2</b> was investigated as a typical example for Lewis acid catalyzed Wagner-Meerwein-type rearrangements of polysilanes and polygermasilanes. Direct <sup>29</sup>Si NMR spectroscopic evidence is provided for several cationic intermediates during the reaction. The identity of these species was verified by independent synthesis and NMR characterization, and their transformation was followed by NMR spectroscopy.
Local DNA features affect RNA‐directed transcriptional gene silencing and DNA methylation (2007)

Transcription of a nopaline synthase promoter (pNOS) inverted repeat provides an RNA signal that can trigger transcriptional gene silencing and methylation of pNOS promoters in trans. The degree of silencing is influenced by the local DNA features close to the target promoter integration sites. Among 26 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines harbouring single copies of a T-DNA including a pNOS-NPTII reporter gene at different chromosomal loci, NPTII RNA levels showed limited variation. When challenged by the silencer transgene providing the pNOS RNA signal, reduction of the NPTII RNA levels in the F(1) generation varied by more than 100-fold, ranging from no reduction to reduction to <1% of the non-silenced level. Silencing was generally correlated with proportional DNA methylation in the pNOS region, except for one target transgene showing substantial DNA methylation without adequate silencing. Silencing was progressive through generations. Differences in the degree of silencing among the target transgenes were transmitted at least to the F(3) generation, and seemed to be influenced by transgene-flanking sequences. Apparently, close-by repeats promoted, whereas close-by functional genes diminished, the response to the silencing signal.
Inhaled Antibiotics for Lower Airway Infections (2014)

Inhaled antibiotics have been used to treat chronic airway infections since the 1940s. The earliest experience with inhaled antibiotics involved aerosolizing antibiotics designed for parenteral administration. These formulations caused significant bronchial irritation due to added preservatives and nonphysiologic chemical composition. A major therapeutic advance took place in 1997, when tobramycin designed for inhalation was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Attracted by the clinical benefits observed in CF and the availability of dry powder antibiotic formulations, there has been a growing interest in the use of inhaled antibiotics in other lower respiratory tract infections, such as non-CF bronchiectasis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mycobacterial disease, and in the post-lung transplant setting over the past decade. Antibiotics currently marketed for inhalation include nebulized and dry powder forms of tobramycin and colistin and nebulized aztreonam. Although both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency have approved their use in CF, they have not been approved in other disease areas due to lack of supportive clinical trial evidence. Injectable formulations of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, ceftazidime, and amphotericin are currently nebulized "off-label" to manage non-CF bronchiectasis, drug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and post-transplant airway infections. Future inhaled antibiotic trials must focus on disease areas outside of CF with sample sizes large enough to evaluate clinically important endpoints such as exacerbations. Extrapolating from CF, the impact of eradicating organisms such as P. aeruginosa in non-CF bronchiectasis should also be evaluated.
Stokes shift spectroscopy pilot study for cancerous and normal prostate tissues (2012)

Stokes shift spectroscopy (S3) is an emerging approach toward cancer detection. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the S3 technique for the detection and characterization of normal and cancerous prostate tissues. Pairs of cancerous and normal prostate tissue samples were taken from each of eight patients. Stokes shift spectra were measured by simultaneously scanning both the excitation and emission wavelengths while keeping a fixed wavelength interval Δλ=20  nm between them. The salient features of this technique are the highly resolved emission peaks and significant spectral differences between the normal and cancerous prostate tissues, as observed in the wavelength region of 250 to 600 nm. The Stokes shift spectra of cancerous and normal prostate tissues revealed distinct peaks around 300, 345, 440, and 510 nm, which are attributed to tryptophan, collagen, NADH, and flavin, respectively. To quantify the spectral differences between the normal and cancerous prostate tissues, two spectral ratios were computed. The findings revealed that both ratio parameters R1=I297/I345 and R2=I307/I345 were excellent diagnostic ratio parameters giving 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity for distinguishing cancerous tissue from the normal tissue. Our results demonstrate that S3 is a sensitive and specific technique for detecting cancerous prostate tissue.
Anti‐rheumatic activities of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors <i>in vivo</i> in collagen‐induced arthritis in rodents (2007)

This study strongly supported HDACi as an innovative therapeutic strategy for RA.
Genome-wide association with bone mass and geometry in the Framingham Heart Study (2007)

The FHS 100K SNP project offers an unbiased genome-wide strategy to identify new candidate loci and to replicate previously suggested candidate genes for osteoporosis.
A survey of process migration mechanisms (1988)

We define process migration as the transfer of a sufficient amount of a process's state from one machine to another for the process to execute on the target machine.This paper surveys proposed and implemented mechanisms for process migration. We pay particular attention to the designer's goals, such as performance, load-balancing, and reliability. The effect of operating system design upon the ease of implementation is discussed in some detail; we conclude that message-passing systems simplify designs for migration.