gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatal ruptured mycotic coronary artery aneurysm. (1982)

Sudden death in a 21 year old Papuan female was found to be due to a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the right coronary artery. Caseous mediastinal glands were present but without other evidence of tuberculosis. As the reaction observed in the walls of the aneurysm was granulomatous, it is probably that tuberculosis was the aetiology.
Protein dye affinity chromatography using immobilized tetraiodofluorescein. (1981)

The chromatographic behavior of a heterogeneous protein mixture and of a series of homogeneous proteins on the immobilized dye tetraiodofluorescein has been observed and analyzed. Less than 6%, of the millimolar concentration of dye immobilized to a porous agarose matrix is accessible to protein. The affinity of a protein for immobilized dye is dramatically increased by insertion of apolar spacer atoms between the dye and the matrix. Dye columns constructed with a 9-atom spacer can be used to advantage for the retention and competitive elution of proteins not found previously amenable to dye chromatography.
Risk of Breast Cancer and Changes in Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns Over Time (1998)

The relationship between sequential mammographic parenchymal patterns and breast cancer was estimated and the results were applied to selective screening. In a pilot screening program 4163 Finnish women aged 40-47 years at entry were invited to be screened every second year from 1982 to 1990. Mammographic parenchymal patterns (Wolfe's classification) were recorded at each screening round. The follow-up ended in 1993 and up until that time 68 new breast cancers were diagnosed. The age-adjusted relative risk of breast cancer was 2.5 (95% CI 1.5-4.0) among women with high-risk mammographic parenchymal patterns (P2,DY) at the screenings preceding cancer diagnosis compared with those with low-risk patterns (N1,P1). After further adjustment for body mass index, number of pregnancies and size of the breast, the relative risk increased to 2.8 (95% CI 1.7-4.9). The mammographic parenchymal pattern is an independent risk factor of breast cancer but not strong enough to be used as a criterion for selective screening.
Using SVM for user profiling for autonomous smartphone authentication (2015)

While we have all been warned about viruses attacking our computers and hackers stealing our private information, very few of us realize the similar threat to our phones. With the number of smartphones in use growing each day, we now find ourselves to be a society equipped with devices packed with personal information and small enough to be easily stolen or misplaced. Millions of smartphone users are reporting unauthenticated behavior on their phones, yet many refuse to use passcode protection. Our goal is to use information gathered from the phone, specifically app usage statistics, in order to determine if a user is the actual owner of the smartphone. For this project, we created an app that could record a variety of information from smartphones and their sensors and make simple decisions about whether the person using the phone was the actual owner and lock itself accordingly. Because of time constraints, we looked at data sets from Glasgow Caledonian University and LiveLab at Rice University rather than collecting our own data. We used the LIBSVM library to create two-class SVM models for each of the 34 users in the LiveLab datasets. We then constructed testing datasets of both owner and non-owner data and tested the accuracy of the models. Accuracy rates for all 34 users were for the most part over 85%, and while false positive (identifying the owner as non-owner) rates were sometimes high, these false positive diagnoses would not compromise the security of the phone.
A new doping method using metalorganics in chemical vapor deposition of 6H–SiC (1984)

Aluminum doping was performed using triethylaluminum as the dopant in chemical vapor deposition of 6H–silicon carbide (SiC). Measurements on the electrical and cathodoluminescent properties of the epilayers indicate that the doping concentration of aluminum can be easily controlled by the flow rate of metalorganics. Electroluminescence was also observed for the pn junctions prepared by the successive growth of a nondoped n layer and a p layer doped with aluminum using metalorganics.
Antiviral options for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (2006)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important cause of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Effective treatment can delay or prevent these outcomes. The decision to treat is based on the activity of liver disease and HBV replication status, and the likelihood of a long-term benefit. Approved therapies include standard and pegylated interferon-alfa and nucleoside analogues: lamivudine, adefovir and entecavir. Current therapies do not eradicate HBV so long-term treatment is usually required. Development of drug resistance is a major concern with long-term treatment. Even with successful therapy, patients remain at risk for reactivation of viral replication and require lifelong monitoring.
Noninvasive Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Sentinel Lymph Node Identification using Dye-Loaded Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles (2010)

The contrast mechanisms used for photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and fluorescence imaging differ in subtle, but significant, ways. The design of contrast agents for each or both modalities requires an understanding of the spectral characteristics as well as intra- and intermolecular interactions that occur during formulation. We found that fluorescence quenching that occurs in the formulation of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes in nanoparticles results in enhanced contrast for PAT. The ability of the new PAT method to utilize strongly absorbing chromophores for signal generation allowed us to convert a highly fluorescent dye into an exceptionally high PA contrast material. Spectroscopic characterization of the developed NIR dye-loaded perfluorocarbon-based nanoparticles for combined fluorescence and PA imaging revealed distinct dye-dependent photophysical behavior. We demonstrate that the enhanced contrast allows detection of regional lymph nodes of rats in vivo with time-domain optical and photoacoustic imaging methods. The results further show that the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging, which is less dependent on fluorescence intensity, provides a strategic approach to bridge the disparate contrast reporting mechanisms of fluorescence and PA imaging methods.
Finding Patterns in Noisy Crowds: Regression-based Annotation Aggregation for Crowdsourced Data (2017)

Crowdsourcing offers a convenient means of obtaining labeled data quickly and inexpensively. However, crowdsourced labels are often noisier than expert-annotated data, making it difficult to aggregate them meaningfully. We present an aggregation approach that learns a regression model from crowdsourced annotations to predict aggregated labels for instances that have no expert adjudications. The predicted labels achieve a correlation of 0.594 with expert labels on our data, outperforming the best alternative aggregation method by 11.9%. Our approach also outperforms the alternatives on third-party datasets.
Recurrent herpes zoster in a child with SLE. (2012)

A 12-year-old girl had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type IV lupus nephritis since three-and-a-half years. She was treated with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. She had first attack of herpes zoster (HZ) involving eighth and ninth thoracic segments on right side at the age of nine years. Second attack occurred on the same segments on same side at the age of twelve years. The second attack of herpes zoster was treated with oral acyclovir 400 mg five times a day for seven days plus analgesics and multi-vitamins. Most probably this is the first case of recurrent herpes zoster (RHZ) in a child in Indian literature.
Review) Green Fluorescent Proteins (2006)

Reviews the book:Green Fluorescent Protein: Properties, Applications, and Protocols. Second Edition. Methods of Biochemical Analysis, Volume 47. Edited by Martin Chalfie and Steven R Kain.Green Fluorescent Protein: Properties, Applications, and Protocols. Second Edition. Methods of Biochemical Analysis, Volume 47. Edited by Martin Chalfie and Steven R Kain. Hoboken (New Jersey): Wiley-Interscience. $89.95. xv + 443 p + 24 pl; ill.; index. ISBN: 0–471–73682–1. 2006.
A Spur-Frequency-Boosting PLL with a &#x2212;74dBc reference-spur rejection in 90nm digital CMOS (2011)

An architectural solution for designing a low-reference-spur PLL is presented. A spur frequency-booster block is inserted between the phase-frequency-detector and the charge pump to boost the charge pump's input frequency. Hence, the reference-spurs theoretically vanish. The proposed technique adds additional degrees of freedom in the design of PLLs to reduce the spur level without sacrificing neither the loop bandwidth nor the voltage-controlled oscillator's gain. A prototype is fabricated using UMC 90 nm digital CMOS technology and achieves -74 dBc reference-spur suppression along with (K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VCO</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> ) ratio of 17 at a (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BW</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> ) ratio of 1/20.
A Novel Cassette Method for Probe Evaluation in the Designed Biochips (2014)

A critical step in biochip design is the selection of probes with identical hybridisation characteristics. In this article we describe a novel method for evaluating DNA hybridisation probes, allowing the fine-tuning of biochips, that uses cassettes with multiple probes. Each cassette contains probes in equimolar proportions so that their hybridisation performance can be assessed in a single reaction. The model used to demonstrate this method was a series of probes developed to detect TORCH pathogens. DNA probes were designed for Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamidia trachomatis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes virus and these were used to construct the DNA cassettes. Five cassettes were constructed to detect TORCH pathogens using a variety of genes coding for membrane proteins, viral matrix protein, an early expressed viral protein, viral DNA polymerase and the repetitive gene B1 of Toxoplasma gondii. All of these probes, except that for the B1 gene, exhibited similar profiles under the same hybridisation conditions. The failure of the B1 gene probe to hybridise was not due to a position effect, and this indicated that the probe was unsuitable for inclusion in the biochip. The redesigned probe for the B1 gene exhibited identical hybridisation properties to the other probes, suitable for inclusion in a biochip.
The A‐C Conductivity of Polycrystalline LISICON, Li2 + 2x Zn1 − x GeO4, and a Model for Intergranular Constriction Resistances (1983)

The a‐c conductivity of a polycrystalline, Li+ ion conducting solid electrolyte, LISICON, , has been measured over the frequency range 10−3–107 Hz and attention focused on the methods of data analysis. The data show intragranular (bulk) and grain boundary effects in which, for a given sample, both effects are characterized by a similar activation energy; a constriction resistance model for the latter is proposed based on air gaps existing in polycrystalline sinters of less than theoretical density. The data only crudely fit a Debye‐like equivalent circuit, composed of frequency independent resistors and capacitors, but fit well an equivalent circuit that contains Jonscher elements, i.e., frequency dependent admittances, in addition to normal and elements. Two such Jonscher elements are needed, one for the grain boundary and one for the intragranular contribution. With this circuit, departures from ideality in, e.g., the cpmplex impedance, admittance, and electric modulus planes are accounted for.
Biological photocathodes. (1989)

Biological surfaces emit electrons when subjected to UV light. This emission is increased greatly after exposure to cesium vapor. Increases from 2 to 3 orders of magnitude are observed, depending on the biochemicals present. Heme and chlorophyll exhibit unusually high photoemission currents, which are increased further after cesiation. Photoemission from proteins and lipids is much less but also is increased by exposure to cesium. The formation of photocathodes with cesium greatly increases the practical magnifications attainable in photoelectron microscopy of organic and biological specimens. Photoelectron micrographs taken at magnifications greater than or equal to X 100,000 of chlorophyll-rich thylakoid membranes and of colloidal gold-labeled cytoskeleton preparations of cultured epithelial cells demonstrate the improvement in magnification. The selectivity and stability of the photocathodes suggest the possibility of detecting chromophore binding proteins in membranes and the design of photoelectron labels for tagging specific sites on biological surfaces.
SOX9 is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the E3 ligase FBW7 in response to DNA damage (2016)

SOX9 encodes a transcription factor that governs cell fate specification throughout development and tissue homeostasis. Elevated SOX9 is implicated in the genesis and progression of human tumors by increasing cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We found that in response to UV irradiation or genotoxic chemotherapeutics, SOX9 is actively degraded in various cancer types and in normal epithelial cells, through a pathway independent of p53, ATM, ATR and DNA-PK. SOX9 is phosphorylated by GSK3β, facilitating the binding of SOX9 to the F-box protein FBW7α, an E3 ligase that functions in the DNA damage response pathway. The binding of FBW7α to the SOX9 K2 domain at T236-T240 targets SOX9 for subsequent ubiquitination and proteasomal destruction. Exogenous overexpression of SOX9 after genotoxic stress increases cell survival. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for SOX9 stability and uncover a unique function of SOX9 in the cellular response to DNA damage. This new mechanism underlying a FBW7-SOX9 axis in cancer could have implications in therapy resistance.
A simple implementation of distance-based location updates (2002)

Recent studies suggest that distance-based location update strategies combined with sequential paging could outperform other location management schemes in terms of saving radio resources. A problem has been though that distance-based strategies are in general difficult to implement. This paper proposes a simple implementation of distance-based location updates. The scheme is based on using neighbor cell information which is normally broadcast on common control channels to enable cell selection of mobile stations. The computational load placed on the mobile stations is small. A limitation of the scheme is that only distance-based strategies with small thresholds are implemented.
Finite element modelling of a residual lower-limb in a prosthetic socket: a survey of the development in the first decade (1998)

A review is presented of the existing finite element models developed from 1987 to 1996 for the biomechanics of lower-limb prostheses. Finite element analysis can be a useful tool in investigating the mechanical interaction between the residual limb and its prosthetic socket, and in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing of prosthetic sockets. Various assumptions and simplifications are made in these models to simplify the actual problem with complex geometry, material properties, boundary and interfacial conditions, as well as loading situations. The analyses can provide the information on the stress distribution at the stump/socket interface and within the residual limb tissues. More recently, nonlinear models have been developed taking into consideration the process of socket rectifications, the slip/friction conditions and material large deformation. The models so far developed have provided some basic understanding of the biomechanics. Comparison of the predictions of these models with experimental measurements indicated that the predicted stresses were within the ranges measured, although one-to-one correspondence was difficult to achieve. Further research is still required in order to improve these models to obtain higher precision in the results taking into account nonlinear and dynamic effects.
Microsecond duration optical pulses from a UV-preionized XeCl laser (1985)

XeCl laser pulse durations of 1.5 μs (full width at half-maximum) have been obtained using a recently developed UV-preionized magnetically induced pulser laser excitation scheme.
Long-Term Control of Paraffin Deposition. (1984)

ABSTRACT Paraffin-related problems occur in almost all oil producing areas throughout the world. These problems can be encountered in any part of the production system from the time the crude leaves the reservoir until it reaches the refinery. As a result, operators spend a large amount of time and money to correct paraffin-related problems. Traditionally, operators have been forced to remove paraffin deposits from downhole equipment, tubular goods and surface equipment using mechanical, thermal or chemical methods. In many cases, a combination of two or more methods are employed. The major disadvantage of these methods is that they treat paraffin-related problems after they have occured. The treatment of wells with dispersants and paraffin deposition inhibitors generally reduces or slows paraffin build-up. However, this inhibition is often very short-lived, because the well production quickly carries the chemicals to the surface. The addition of a long-term solid paraffin deposition inhibitor with the proppant during a hydraulic fracturing treatment has proven to extend this inhibition time. The solid paraffin inhibitor slowly releases the paraffin inhibitor chemical throughout the early production of a well. This paper will describe a laboratory simulation of paraffin deposition used to evaluate two paraffin inhibitors in nine etudes. The two paraffin inhibitors evaluated were: (1) a blend of crystal modifiers in a controlled-release matrix form and (2) a commiercially available ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer solid. One field evaluation presented compares the long-term effectiveness of both paraffin inhibitors. In a second field evaluation, the blend of crystal modifiers was used in two wells to successfully control paraffin deposition. In both field evaluations, the blend of crystal modifiers in a controlled-release matrix form has successfully prevented paraffin deposition.
Somatostatin-14 Mainly Binds the Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 in Human Neuroblastoma Tumors (1996)

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer for which a cure is elusive for most children with disseminated disease. Neuroblastomas possess receptors for somatostatin (SS). Some SS analogues can inhibit their proliferation. In addition, when SS analogues were used as agents for scintigraphy, neuroblastoma tumor sites can be localized with high efficiency. In this study, to better characterize the SS receptor subtype(s) (sst1-5) present in primary tumors and metastases of neuroblastoma, we show that: (1) The ligand 125I-Tyr11-SS-14 binding on membrane proteins from primary tumors and metastases of neuroblastoma cell line IGR-N-91 developed in nude mice shows similar values of Kd (in order of 0.1 nM) and Bmax (in order of fmol/mg) by filter-retention assay. These data are close to those measured on two other neuroblastoma cell lines: SK-N-SH and IGR-N-835 or to that measured on the rat cerebral cortex. (2) The IGR-N-91 sublines derived from primary tumor and metastases show one major complex of 57 kD by the chemical cross-linking assay using the ligands: 125I-SS-14 and 125I-BIM23014. One similar major complex of 57 kD was also detected in SK-N-SH and IGR-N-835 or in the cerebral cortex. (3) Addition of excess nonlabeled peptides selective for sst2 (BIM23014, BIM23060, BIM23068) suppressed the formation of the complex 57 kD whereas addition of BIM23052 or BIM23056 (sst5 and sst3 selective respectively) does not. This pharmacological profile corresponds to sst2. (4) Only RNA message of sst2 gene is detected in IGR-N-91 cells and its metastases derived sublines by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Northern hybridization in keeping with the presence of sst2. (5) In human biopsies, the complex of 57 kD corresponding to sst2 is consistently detected in three samples of the histological subset of the disease: benign ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma and immature neuroblastoma. Therefore, the sst2 should be considered as the primary target to develop more potent SS analogues for neuroblastoma therapy or/and scintigraphy.
All-<i>Trans</i>-Retinoic Acid Pharmacology and Its Impact on the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (1996)

The approach to the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has changed dramatically over the past decade and, as a result, the long-term event-free survival for patients has improved significantly. The addition of the vitamin A derivative, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), to treatment regimens has been responsible for this improvement in survival. Although ATRA is a potent remission induction agent in APL, continuous administration of ATRA as a single agent does not maintain patients in remission. Although lower plasma concentrations were initially noted at the time of relapse in patients with APL, subsequent studies have demonstrated that the decline in plasma drug concentrations occurs within one to two weeks of initiation of treatment, and possibly as early as three days. The inability to maintain adequate plasma concentrations of ATRA because of rapid upregulation of its catabolism is an attractive hypothesis to explain the inevitable recurrences in patients with initially responsive disease, but more recent data suggest that this mechanism alone is unlikely to be responsible for drug resistance. Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABPs) play a critical role in regulating the amount of free retinoic acid capable of reaching and activating nuclear receptors. Recent studies using leukemic blasts obtained at the time of relapse have demonstrated a shift in the ATRA dose-response curve in vitro. In addition, there is an upregulation in the expression of CRABP in leukemic blasts obtained at relapse. These observations suggest that ATRA resistance is not simply an inability to maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations of drug, but rather may be linked to the intracellular regulation of drug. The intricate nature of the homeostatic mechanisms that maintain tight control over retinoids, combined with the multiplicity of retinoid receptors and signaling pathways, leave open the possibility of a yet-to-be-defined mechanism of resistance that is independent of the clinical pharmacology of ATRA.
Power Extraction from Ambient Vibration (2001)

Autonomous devices such as sensors for personal area networks need a long battery lifetime in a small volume. The battery size can be reduced by incorporating micro-power generators based on ambient energy. This paper describes a new approach to the conversion of mechanical to electrical energy, based on charge transportation between two parallel capacitors. The polarization of the device is handled by an electret. A largesignal model was developed, allowing simulations of the behavior of any circuit based on this generator for any mechanical input signal. A small-signal model was derived in order to quantify the output power as a function of the design parameters. A layout was made based on a standard SOI-technology, available in a MPW. With this layout it is possible to generate 100 mW at 1200 Hz.