gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubility of NaCl, NaBr, and KCl in Water, Methanol, Ethanol, and Their Mixed Solvents (2004)

The solubilities of sodium chloride, sodium bromide, and potassium bromide in the solvents water, methanol, ethanol, and methanol + ethanol as well as those of sodium bromide in water + methanol and sodium bromide and potassium chloride in water + ethanol mixed solvents were measured in the range between 298.15 and 348.15 K using an analytical gravimetric method. When possible, the reliability of the method was checked by comparing the experimental data with literature values. The method proved to be very accurate, and the solubilities are generally reproducible when compared to the data reported in the literature.
High-dose immunoablation with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in aggressive multiple sclerosis: a single centre 10-year experience (2010)

There are multiple sclerosis patients who suffer from an aggressive course of the disease with severe relapses and rapid accumulation of disability despite adequate treatment. In such cases high-dose immunoablation with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) may be considered. Our objective was to report our experience with 26 multiple sclerosis patients treated with ASCT within the years 1998-2008. Twenty-six patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale 2.5-7.5 (median 6.0), multiple sclerosis duration 2-19 years (median 7)) with aggressive multiple sclerosis underwent autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem cells were mobilized by high-dose cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) was used for immunoablation. Patients were evaluated at baseline and every six months post ASCT for adverse events and clinical outcome. Follow-up period was 11-132 months (median 66). Progression-free survival was calculated using the Kaplan- Meier method. At 3 and 6 years of follow-up 70.8% and 29.2% of patients respectively were free of progression. Patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis course, disease duration <5 years and age <35 years had a more favourable outcome. There was no death within 100 days after ASCT. We conclude that ASCT represents a viable and effective treatment option for aggressive multiple sclerosis.
The Synthesis of 4′-<i>t</i>-Butylcarbamyl- and 4′-<i>p</i>-Toluenesulphonamidyl-2′,3′-Dideoxy Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues (1994)

Abstract The preparation of 4′-t-butylcarbamyl-2′,3′-dideoxy thymidine, uridine and 5-ethyl uridine nucleoside analogues and 4′-p-toluenesulphonamidyl-2′,3′-dideoxy thymidine and 5-ethyl uridine nucleoside analogues from L-pyroglutamic acid is reported.
A new fixation device for the Leksell stereotaxic system (1987)

A device is presented that permits several applications for the Leksell stereotaxic system. The patient is fixed in this new system by means of a rectangular instrument that connects to the standard Leksell stereotaxic coordinate frame and maintains spatial orientation after the frame itself is removed. Specific uses for this device include stereotaxic radiosurgery and stereotaxic guidance during microsurgery. Other attractive features of this device are its capability of being precisely reapplied, its compatibility with both computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the availability of an accessory device to adapt it for animal stereotaxis.
Applicability of Design System to White-Label Service Development (2020)

Design Systems are now widely recognized in industrial world as a system for designing digital products. Design systems have evolved in the intersection between art, technology and industry. They became quite trendy from the year 2016. Organizations have paved their pace of creation and innovation by creating their own design systems for designing and developing every small design their product consists of. The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the applicability of design system in developing white-label services. The aim of the work also explored the opportunity to bring the novel concept of design system to a researchable topic. There is a need to bring a common standard for defining the structure of design system. The empirical work laying foundation for a set of guidelines and practices will eventually take the Design system to such level that it will facilitate work for White-Label services as well. The findings have reflected that defining the structure of design system and providing setup to create one has not solved the issues of designers and developers struggling with inconsistencies in user interfaces and communication gap between design and development environment. To understand this problem deeper and to bring solution, this thesis proposes a conceptual UX Framework from which practitioners can advance their organization's work and future practices. This framework facilitates to bring user experience and design more closer to development process resulting in development of usable, useful and enjoyable products and services.
Health Sector Reform and the Role of Government (2001)

There has been much substantive debate about the appropriate role of government during the past decade. While initially much of this debate took the form of a very polarised discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of government, in recent years the debate has become more nuanced. Analysts have explored the extent to which ownership alone can influence performance, and the extent to which a competitive environment or an effective regulatory framework affects the desirability of government involvement. Services have been broken down into constituent components, some more suitable than others for government provision. Current analyses of the role of government recognise that there are likely to be failures in both government and private markets. In the health sector, it is clear that while governments have made many significant achievements, including improving infant mortality rates, rapidly increasing trained local health staff and expanding health services to rural areas, there are also common negative aspects to government performance (Bennett, Russell and Mills 1996, Mills 1997a, World Bank 1987, World Bank 1993). Traditional public sector bureaucracies are often plagued by a multiplicity of problems which, in the health sector, manifest themselves in inefficient, inequitable, unresponsive and poor quality public health services.
Oncogenic Ras-induced secretion of IL6 is required for tumorigenesis (2007)

Ras is mutated to remain in the active oncogenic state in many cancers. As Ras has proven difficult to target therapeutically, we searched for secreted, druggable proteins induced by Ras that are required for tumorigenesis. We found that Ras induces the secretion of cytokine IL6 in different cell types, and that knockdown of IL6, genetic ablation of the IL6 gene, or treatment with a neutralizing IL6 antibody retard Ras-driven tumorigenesis. IL6 appears to act in a paracrine fashion to promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. Inhibiting IL6 may therefore have therapeutic utility for treatment of cancers characterized by oncogenic Ras mutations.
<i>STK11/LKB1</i> Mutations and PD-1 Inhibitor Resistance in <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma (2018)

<i>KRAS</i> is the most common oncogenic driver in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC). We previously reported that <i>STK11/LKB1</i> (KL) or <i>TP53</i> (KP) comutations define distinct subgroups of <i>KRAS</i>-mutant LUAC. Here, we examine the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in these subgroups. Objective response rates to PD-1 blockade differed significantly among KL (7.4%), KP (35.7%), and K-only (28.6%) subgroups (<i>P</i> < 0.001) in the Stand Up To Cancer (SU2C) cohort (174 patients) with <i>KRAS</i>-mutant LUAC and in patients treated with nivolumab in the CheckMate-057 phase III trial (0% vs. 57.1% vs. 18.2%; <i>P</i> = 0.047). In the SU2C cohort, KL LUAC exhibited shorter progression-free (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and overall (<i>P</i> = 0.0015) survival compared with <i>KRAS</i><sup>MUT</sup>;<i>STK11/LKB1</i><sup>WT</sup> LUAC. Among 924 LUACs, <i>STK11/LKB1</i> alterations were the only marker significantly associated with PD-L1 negativity in TMB<sup>Intermediate/High</sup> LUAC. The impact of <i>STK11/LKB1</i> alterations on clinical outcomes with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors extended to PD-L1-positive non-small cell lung cancer. In <i>Kras</i>-mutant murine LUAC models, <i>Stk11/Lkb1</i> loss promoted PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor resistance, suggesting a causal role. Our results identify <i>STK11/LKB1</i> alterations as a major driver of primary resistance to PD-1 blockade in <i>KRAS</i>-mutant LUAC.<b>Significance:</b> This work identifies <i>STK11/LKB1</i> alterations as the most prevalent genomic driver of primary resistance to PD-1 axis inhibitors in <i>KRAS</i>-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Genomic profiling may enhance the predictive utility of PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden and facilitate establishment of personalized combination immunotherapy approaches for genomically defined LUAC subsets. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(7); 822-35. ©2018 AACR.</i><i>See related commentary by Etxeberria et al., p. 794</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 781</i>.
BitTorrent Sync: First Impressions and Digital Forensic Implications (2014)

First Annual Digital Forensics Research Workshop Europe (DFRWS EU 2014), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 7 - 9 May 2014
Separation of (<b><i>Z</i></b>)‐ and (<b><i>E</i></b>)‐isomers of thioxanthene and dibenz[<b><i>b,e</i></b>]oxepin derivatives with calixarenes and resorcinarenes as additives in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (2003)

Five acidic calix[4]arenes with carboxylic or sulfonic groups at either the upper or lower rim of the cavity and one resorc[4]arene were investigated to separate three thioxanthenes (flupentixol, clopenthixol, chlorprothixene) and a dibenz[b,e]oxepin derivative (doxepin) with cis-/trans-isomerism by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). Partial filling of the capillary with the UV-absorbing selectors led to a low detection limit and an advantageous signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). A sufficient electrophoretic mobility of the calixarenes towards the anode was necessary to outweigh the oppositely directed electroosmotic flow (EOF). This depended from the functional groups, the dissociation and the hydrodynamic radius of the cyclophanes. In contrast, the resorcinarene was useable only by addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) because only the complex of the two selectors had an anodic apparent electrophoretic mobility. p-Sulfonyl-calix[4]arene (ss-a1) was the most capable selector for all E/Z-isomers with maximal alpha-values ranging from 1.056 for doxepin to 1.224 for chlorprothixene. This was due to the sufficient migration in reversed direction to the EOF even at low pH* values of 3.0. Otherwise, electrostatic as well as hydrophobic interactions with the positively charged isomers seem to contribute to a superior recognition. Increasing the concentration up to 15 mM ss-a1 and using acidic media (pH* 5.0) led to high separation efficiency. Changing the organic solvent provides a powerful tool to improve selectivity with N,N-dimethylformamide-methanol (DMF-MeOH)-mixtures for thioxanthenes. Further electrophoretic parameters were optimized, such as the concentration of the electrolytes, the addition of SDS, the kind of electrolytes and the voltage. Distinct differences in selectivities were found between the derivatives with thioxanthene and dibenzo[b,e]oxepin ring system, respectively. Further, the different basic side chain was responsible for the different selectivity at higher pH* values. In contrast, the substitution at position 2 of the thioxanthenes played a secondary role. Based on the studies of single parameters a method for a simultaneous separation of the four pairs of isomers within 13 min was developed.
Indoor Localization Systems — <i>Tracking Objects and Personnel with Sensors, Wireless Networks and RFID</i> (2009)

Advances in ubiquitous mobile computing and rapid spread of information
systems have fostered a growing interest in indoor location-aware or location-based
technologies. In this paper we will introduce the primary technologies used in indoor
localization systems by classifying them in three categories: Non-RF technologies,
Active-RF technologies and Passive-RF technologies. Both commercialized products and
research prototypes in all categories are involved in our discussion. The Passive-RF
technologies are further divided into “Mobile tag” and “Mobile reader” systems. We
expect such classification can cover most of the indoor localization systems. Features of
these systems are briefly compared at the end of this paper.
Silica Monoliths in Solid‐Phase Extraction and Solid‐Phase Microextraction (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Extraction Process Extraction Platforms Applications Conclusion and Outlook References
A Well-behaved LTS for the Pi-calculus (2007)

The pi-calculus and its many variations have received much attention in the literature. We discuss the standard early labelled transition system (lts) and outline an approach which decomposes the system into two components, one of which is presented in detail. The advantages of using the decomposition include a more complete understanding of the treatment of bound outputs in Pi as well as an lts which is more robust with respect to the addition and removal of language features. The present paper serves as an overview of some of the techniques involved and some of the goals of the ongoing work.
Mechanical Design of Electric Motors (2014)

Rapid increases in energy consumption and emphasis on environmental protection have posed challenges for the motor industry, as has the design and manufacture of highly efficient, reliable, cost-effective, energy-saving, quiet, precisely controlled, and long-lasting electric motors.Suitable for motor designers, engineers, and manufacturers, as well
Temperature dependence of CsI(Tl) gamma-ray scintillation decay time constants and emission spectrum (1992)

The gamma-ray excited, temperature dependent scintillation characteristics of CsI(Tl) are reported over the temperature range of -100 to +50 degree(s)C. The modified Bollinger-Thomas and shaped square wave methods were used to measure the rise and decay times. The emission spectra were measured using a monochromator and corrected for monochromator and photocathode spectral efficiency. The shaped square wave method was also used to determine the scintillation yield as was a current mode method. The thermoluminescence emissions of CsI(Tl) were measured using the same current mode method. At room temperature, CsI(Tl) was found to have two primary decay components with decay time constants of (tau) <SUB>1</SUB> equals 679 +/- 10 ns (63.7%) and (tau) <SUB>2</SUB> equals 3.34 +/- 0.14 microsecond(s) (36.1%) and to have emission bands at about 400 and 560 nm. The (tau) <SUB>1</SUB> luminescent state was observed to be populated by an exponential process with a resulting rise time constant of 19.6 +/- 1.9 ns at room temperature. An ultra-fast decay component with a < 0.5 ns decay time was found to emit about 0.2% (about 100 photons/MeV) of the total scintillation light. At -100 degree(s)C (tau) <SUB>2</SUB> was too long to be resolved and (tau) <SUB>1</SUB> was determined to be 3.52 +/- 0.39 microsecond(s) , while the 400 nm emission band was not observed. At +50 degree(s)C the decay constants were found to be 628 ns (70%) and 2.63 microsecond(s) (30%) and both emission bands are present. Four different commercially available CsI(Tl) crystals were used. Minimal variations in the measured scintillation characteristics were observed among these four crystals. Thermoluminescence emissions were observed to have peak yields at -90, -65, -40, +20, and possibly -55 degree(s)C. The relative magnitudes and number of thermoluminescence peaks were found to vary from crystal to crystal.
Subspace Interpolation via Dictionary Learning for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2013)

Domain adaptation addresses the problem where data instances of a source domain have different distributions from that of a target domain, which occurs frequently in many real life scenarios. This work focuses on unsupervised domain adaptation, where labeled data are only available in the source domain. We propose to interpolate subspaces through dictionary learning to link the source and target domains. These subspaces are able to capture the intrinsic domain shift and form a shared feature representation for cross domain recognition. Further, we introduce a quantitative measure to characterize the shift between two domains, which enables us to select the optimal domain to adapt to the given multiple source domains. We present experiments on face recognition across pose, illumination and blur variations, cross dataset object recognition, and report improved performance over the state of the art.
Convolution neural network for automatic facial expression recognition (2017)

Facial expression recognition is a hot research direction of pattern recognition and computer vision. It has been increasingly used in artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction and security monitoring in recent years. Convolution neural network (CNN) as a depth learning architecture can extract the essential features of the image, and in the case of large changes in shooting conditions, its effect is better than the traditional methods of Support Vector Machines(SVM) and Principal Component Analysis(PCA). Therefore, an improved method of facial expression recognition based on CNN is proposed in this paper. The purpose is to classify each facial image as one of the seven facial expressions considered in this study. According to the characteristics of facial expression recognition, a new convolution neural network structure is designed which uses convolution kernel to extract implicit features and max pooling to reduce the dimensions of the extracted implicit features. In comparison to AlexNet network, we can improve the recognition accuracy about 4% higher on the CK+ facial expression database by the aid of Batch Normalization (BN) layer to our network. A facial expression recognition system is constructed in this paper for the convenience of application, and the experimental results show that the system could reach the real-time needs.
Modeling the glass forming ability of metals (2007)

A design protocol for the discovery of novel metallic glass compositions has been developed using a multi-model approach. By using a series of modeling criteria, all aspects of vitrification in metals can be simultaneously analyzed, and optimum compositions for metallic glass formation can be accurately determined. The modeling tools used focus on three aspects common among good glass forming alloy: compositional proximity to a deep eutectic, development of strong chemical interactions in the liquid state, and an ordered local topology in the amorphous state. It was shown that metallic glasses have the tendency to form two separate local topologies, that based on solvent-solute clustering, and that based on solute- solute clustering. A chemical short range order parameter model was used to evaluate constituent element interactions, and distinguish between these two structure types. In solvent-solute clusters, metallic glass design involves maximizing the packing density in the cluster structure; in the solute-solute cluster case, metallic glass design requires maximizing the elastic strain as a function of the solute composition. A quantification method, termed the a parameter, was developed to determine the depth of a eutectic, and rank alloy compositions among a large multi-dimensional composition space. This modeling approach was shown to accurately predict the wide range of metallic glass types represented in the literature. Furthermore, novel metallic glass compositions were developed according to this model. These novel compositions are among the most cost-effective bulk metallic glasses, which belong to three distinct alloy systems, Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B-W, Fe-Nb-Cr-B, and Ti-Ni-Cu-Si-Sn
Mode Volume, Energy Transfer, and Spaser Threshold in Plasmonic Systems with Gain (2017)

We present a unified approach to describe spasing in plasmonic systems modeled by quantum emitters interacting with resonant plasmon mode. We show that spaser threshold implies detailed energy transfer balance between the gain and plasmon mode and derive explicit spaser condition valid for arbitrary plasmonic systems. By defining carefully the plasmon mode volume relative to the gain region, we show that the spaser condition represents, in fact, the standard laser threshold condition extended to plasmonic systems with dispersive dielectric function. For extended gain region, the saturated mode volume depends solely on the system parameters that determine the lower bound of threshold population inversion.
A New Efficient Synthesis of 6-Nitroquipazine (1998)

A convenient and regioselective synthesis of 6-nitroquipazine from hydrocarbostyril in three steps is described.This synthetic route involved a nitration, a chlorination followed by aromatization, and an aromatic substitution reaction.Our interest in developing new neurotransmitters, which have good affinity to serotonin transporter in vivo, has led us to synthesis of 6-nitroquipazine (1) derivatives.6-Nitroquipazine has been known as one of the most potent and selective antagonist of 5-hydroxyltryptamine (Serotonin or 5-HT) transporter in ~i t r o ' , ~ and in v i ~o .~, ~ Recently, a comparative molecular field analysis (COMFA) and pharmacological evaluation of quipazine, one of arylpiperazine, with a subtype of serotonin receptor.5-HT3, were r e p ~r t e d .~. ~ Even though 6-nitroquipazine has a good binding affinity toward 5-HT transporter, the studies of structure-activity relationship of its derivatives are not sufficient.Surprisingly, the regioselective synthesis of 6-nitroquipazine has not been reported.The only synthesis of 6nitroquipazine itself was known as a patent by Hashimoto and Goromaru.'This process, however, was neither regioselective nor efficient.The final process of this patent is a nonregioselective nitration of quipazine and requires the isolation of the 6-nitro derivative from mixture of nitroquipazines.In our experiment, the direct nitration of quinaldine provided a
A dual function radar-communications system using sidelobe control and waveform diversity (2015)

In this paper, we develop a new technique for dual-function radar-communications in a transmit multi-sensor array where information embedding is achieved using sidelobe control in tandem with waveform diversity. A set of Q orthogonal waveforms is exploited to embed a sequence of Q bits during each radar pulse. All waveforms are transmitted simultaneously where one bit is embedded in each waveform. We design two transmit weight vectors to achieve two distinct transmit power distribution patterns which share the same main radar beam but have different sidelobe levels towards the communication direction. The receiver interprets the bit associated with a certain waveform as binary information based on whether that waveform is radiated over the transmit beam associated with the first or the second weight vector. The proposed technique enables information delivering to a single or multiple communication directions located outside the mainlobe of the radar. The communication message has low probability of intercept from directions other than the preassigned communication directions. Additionally, the waveform diversity enables the radar to operate in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mode. The performance of the proposed technique is investigated in terms of the bit error rate (BER).