gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust x-ray tubes for use within magnetic fields of MR scanners (2005)

A hybrid system that combines an x-ray fluoroscopic system and a magnetic resonance (MR) system can provide physicians with the synergy of exquisite soft tissue contrast (from MR) and high temporal and spatial resolutions (from x ray), which may significantly benefit a number of image-guided interventional procedures. However, the system configuration may require the x-ray tube to be placed in a magnetic field, which can hinder the proper functioning of the x-ray tube by deflecting its electron beam. From knowledge of how the magnetic field affects the electron trajectories, we propose creating another magnetic field along the cathode-anode axis using either solenoids or permanent magnets to reduce the deflection of the electron beam for two cases: a strong and slightly misaligned field or a weak field that is arbitrary in direction. Theoretical analysis is presented and the electron beam is simulated in various external magnetic fields with a finite element modeling program. Results show that both correction schemes enhance the robustness of the x-ray tube operation in an externally applied magnetic field.
Measurement of subband electronic temperatures and population inversion in THz quantum-cascade lasers (2005)

We compare the electronic temperatures and the population inversion both below and above the lasing threshold in three quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) operating at 2.8THz, 3.2THz, and 3.8THz using microprobe band-to-band photoluminescence. In the lasing range, while the ground-state temperature remains close to the lattice one (90K–100K), the upper radiative state heats up to ∼200K. From the measured thermal resistance and the power dependence of the ground-state electronic temperature, we get a value of the electron-lattice energy relaxation rate comparable with that typical of midinfrared QCLs.
Structural Rationale for the Affinity of Pico- and Femtomolar Transition State Analogues of Escherichia coli 5′-Methylthioadenosine/S-Adenosylhomocysteine Nucleosidase (2005)

Immucillin and DADMe-Immucillin inhibitors are tight binding transition state mimics of purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNP). 5'-Methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) is proposed to form a similar transition state structure as PNP. The companion paper describes modifications of the Immucillin and DADMe-Immucillin inhibitors to better match transition state features of MTAN and have led to 5'-thio aromatic substitutions that extend the inhibition constants to the femtomolar range (Singh, V., Evans, G. B., Lenz, D. H., Mason, J., Clinch, K., Mee, S., Painter, G. F., Tyler, P. C., Furneaux, R. H., Lee, J. E., Howell, P. L., and Schramm, V. L. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 18265-18273). 5'-Methylthio-Immucillin A (MT-ImmA) and 5'-methylthio-DADMe-Immucillin A (MT-DADMe-ImmA) exhibit slow-onset inhibition with K(i)(*) of 77 and 2 pm, respectively, and were selected for structural analysis as the parent compounds of each class of transition state analogue. The crystal structures of Escherichia coli MTAN complexed with MT-ImmA and MT-DADMe-ImmA were determined to 2.2 A resolution and compared with the existing MTAN inhibitor complexes. These MTAN-transition state complexes are among the tightest binding enzyme-ligand complexes ever described and analysis of their mode of binding provides extraordinary insight into the structural basis for their affinity. The MTAN-MT-ImmA complex reveals the presence of a new ion pair between the 4'-iminoribitol atom and the nucleophilic water (WAT3) that captures key features of the transition state. Similarly, in the MTAN-MT-DADMe-ImmA complex a favorable hydrogen bond or ion pair interaction between the cationic 1'-pyrrolidine atom and WAT3 is crucial for tight affinity. Distance analysis of the nucleophile and leaving group show that MT-ImmA is a mimic of an early transition state, while MT-DADMe-ImmA is a better mimic of the highly dissociated transition state of E. coli MTAN.
A comparative study of electrical interfaces for tunable piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (2022)

Abstract The present work deals with tunable electrical interfaces able to enhance both the harvested power and bandwidth of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters. The aim of this paper is to propose a general, normalized, and unified performance evaluation (with respect to the harvested power and bandwidth) of the various electrical strategies that can tune the harvester’s frequency response. By mean of a thorough analysis, we demonstrate how such interfaces influence the electromechanical generator response through an electrically-induced damping and an electrically-induced stiffness. The choice of the strategy determines these two electrical quantities, and thus the achievable frequency response of the system. Thereafter, we introduce a collection of graphical and analytical tools to compare and analyze single- and multi-tuning electrical strategies, including a qualitative performance evaluation of existing strategies. Finally, we establish a unified comparison of single- and multiple-tuning strategies which is supported by the definition and evaluation of a new optimization criterion. This comparison reveals which strategy performs best depending on the electromechanical coupling of the piezoelectric harvester and on the losses in the electrical interface. Furthermore, it quantifies the power and bandwidth gain brought by single- and multi-tuning strategies. Such quantitative criterion provides guidance for the choice of a harvesting strategy in any specific applicative case.
The oxidation of exogenously added organic anions by platelets facilitates maintenance of pH during their storage for transfusion at 22 degrees C (1995)

Previous studies of platelet metabolism during the storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) at 22 degrees C for transfusion have shown high rates of both oxygen consumption and aerobic glycolysis with little oxidation of pyruvate produced by glycolysis. During storage in plasma, free fatty acids are major oxidative fuels. Glutamine is also present as a potential fuel but relatively little is metabolized beyond glutamate. In synthetic media, acetate is oxidized and provides a poorly understood buffering function. In the current work, acetate and pyruvate (6 to 25 mmol/L, sometimes with their 14-C-labeled counterparts) were added to PCs stored in plasma. They were both vigorously metabolized, predominantly to CO2 (0.51 +/- 0.08 and 0.31 +/- 0.06 mmol/d/10(12) platelets for acetate and pyruvate, respectively). The metabolism of these exogenous substrates was associated with significantly increased oxygen consumption and decreased glucose consumption, fatty acid oxidation, and bicarbonate utilization for buffering. In a more limited number of studies, similar findings were observed with addition of beta-hydroxy-butyrate. Superior maintenance of pH in the presence of these additives could be attributed to the fact that the metabolism of an organic anion requires that a proton be brought with the anion into the metabolic pathway, thus providing an alkalinizing effect. Pyruvate (but not acetate) also stimulated the metabolism of glutamate. Studies with 14-C-labeled glucose suggested significant activity of the hexose-monophosphate shunt during PC storage and confirmed that little, if any, pyruvate derived from glucose was fully oxidized. Taken together, the results provide a relatively complete picture of the pathways of energy metabolism used by platelets during PC storage and suggest a strategy by which organic anions such as acetate can be used to improve the results of such storage.
The price is right (2011)

The performance and cost for tenants in today's datacenters depends on the location of their virtual machines within the datacenter. However, a tenant's location is a knob for the provider and is of no interest to the tenant. Hence, this paper argues for location independent tenant costs in datacenters. We show how a change in today's IaaS offerings, coupled with a simple pricing scheme, can achieve this. We discuss how such a pricing model can be implemented and show that the consequent increase in system throughput can lead to a win-win situation- tenant costs are location independent and lower while provider revenue increases too.
Randomized Trial of Acetylcysteine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2014)

As compared with placebo, acetylcysteine offered no significant benefit with respect to the preservation of FVC in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with mild-to-moderate impairment in lung function. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00650091.).
48.1: Advanced Liquid‐Crystal Materials for the Polymer‐Sustained Vertically Aligned (PS‐VA) Mode (2010)

Abstract The Polymer Sustained Vertically Aligned Mode (PS‐VA) is an advanced future technology based on the Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Mode. This innovative technology enables LCDs with higher transmission allowing for the use of less backlighting power for eco or green technology. The underlying key techniques are specified LC mixture development and reactive mesogen optimization. We will report the most recent material development.
New Advances on the Brightening Efficiency of Optical Brightening Agent (OBA) in HYP-containing Fine Papers (2010)

In recent years,the high yield pulp(HYP)has been found an increasing application in value-added paper grades due to its cost advantages and unique properties.However,the concern still remains on the negative effect of HYP on the optical properties of fine papers.optical brightening agents(OBA)can be used to diminish or offset the negative effects of HYP on the optical properties of fine paper.The brightening efficiency of OBA depends on its efficiency and retention in the paper sheets.In this paper,some parameters influencing the effectiveness and retention of OBA were discussed,such as HYP substitution ratio,HYP brightness,anionic trash and fines in HYP.The new advances on the brightening efficiency of OBA in HYP-containing papers were summarized.
Encapsulating light-emitting electrochemical cells for improved performance (2012)

We present a functional and scalable encapsulation of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), which results in a measured ambient operation of &gt;400 h at a brightness of &gt;300 cd/m2 with a maximum efficacy of 6 lm/W, and a linearly extrapolated ambient operation of ∼5600 h at &gt;100 cd/m2. Our findings suggest that previous studies have underestimated the practical stability of appropriately encapsulated LECs. We also report that the dominant ambient degradation for non-encapsulated LECs is water-induced delamination of the cathode from the active layer, while encapsulated LECs in contrast are found to decay from spatial variations in the active layer composition.
A Host–Vector System for a Cellulose-Producing<i>Acetobacter</i>Strain (1994)

An indigenous plasmid, named pAH4, was detected in a cellulose-producing Acetobacter strain. This plasmid, consisting of 4002 bp, contained an AT-rich region and encoded several open reading frames, as deduced by the complete nucleotide sequence. One of the putative open reading frames showed homology with replication proteins of other plasmids. A shuttle vector of Escherichia coli and this strain was constructed by connecting pAH4 to pUC18. Electroporation of the shuttle vector into the strain yielded 1.7 x 10(5) ampicillin resistant transformants per microgram DNA. The shuttle plasmid was very stably maintained in the strain.
Inhibitors of prenyl transferases (1997)

Because farnesylation of Ras is required for its cancer-causing activity, several classes of farnesyl transferase inhibitors have recently been developed as potential anticancer drugs. During the last 12 months, important advances have been made in this field. In this review, we focus on three topics: targets of farnesyl transferase inhibitors other than Ras, alternative prenylation of K-Ras by the closely related prenyl transferase, geranyl geranyl transferase I, and the effects of geranyl geranyl transferase I inhibitors on cell cycle, apoptosis, and human tumor growth.
Chromophore-Catalyst Assembly for Water Oxidation Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (2017)

Visible-light-driven water splitting was investigated in a dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) based on a photoanode with a phosphonic acid-derivatized donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) organic chromophore, 1, and the water oxidation catalyst [Ru(bda)(4-O(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>P(O<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-pyr)<sub>2</sub>], 2, (pyr = pyridine; bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate). The photoanode was prepared by using a layering strategy beginning with the organic dye anchored to an FTO|core/shell electrode, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a thin layer (<1 nm) of TiO<sub>2</sub>, and catalyst binding through phosphonate linkage to the TiO<sub>2</sub> layer. Device performance was evaluated by photocurrent measurements for core/shell photoanodes, with either SnO<sub>2</sub> or nanoITO core materials, in acetate-buffered, aqueous solutions at pH 4.6 or 5.7. The absolute magnitudes of photocurrent changes with the core material, TiO<sub>2</sub> spacer layer thickness, or pH, observed photocurrents were 2.5-fold higher in the presence of catalyst. The results of transient absorption measurements and DFT calculations show that electron injection by the photoexcited organic dye is ultrafast promoted by electronic interactions enabled by orientation of the dye's molecular orbitals on the electrode surface. Rapid injection is followed by recombination with the oxidized dye which is 95% complete by 1.5 ns. Although chromophore decomposition limits the efficiency of the DSPEC devices toward O<sub>2</sub> production, the flexibility of the strategy presented here offers a new approach to photoanode design.
The energetic efficiency of remote cutting in comparison to conventional fusion cutting (2011)

The remote cutting technique provides an enormous potential in terms of cutting speeds when working on thin sheets. Even on contour cutting speeds about 100 m/min are realizable [1]. Working without any cutting gas the material of the cutting kerf must be vaporized partially. It is evident that the energy input must be higher than for pure melting of the cutting kerf’s material. The amount of vaporized material went in the range from 20 to 40 percent [2]. In order to characterize laser cutting processes in terms of energetic efficiency the severance energy postulated by [3] can be used. This parameter depends on the necessary laser power to cut a defined sheet thickness at a certain cutting speed. Hitherto it was used to compare different laser cutting processes using different laser beam sources when cutting straight lines. In order to characterize different processes for cutting real contours, the geometry of the part to be cut is important, too. The complexity of a part can be characterized by the agility [4]. The target of this paper is to combine the severance energy and the agility in order to compare the remote cutting and the conventional fusion cutting energetically. It will be shown where remote cutting can be applied very efficiently to produce parts in a flexible and highly productive way and what the application area of conventional fusion cutting with fast axis is.
In Situ Investigation of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking Behavior in Linepipe Steel Under Different Environments (2022)

NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 provides the severity of a sour environment defined as a function of pH and H2S partial pressure for sulfide stress cracking. Although hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) is also a major issue of linepipes exposed to a sour environment, the severity diagram does not necessarily correspond to the HIC susceptibility. Recently, from the viewpoint of fitness-of-purpose, the severity diagrams for HIC have been proposed based on the concept of equal hydrogen concentration. From this concept, HIC susceptibility corresponds well to the steady-state hydrogen permeability obtained from the hydrogen permeation test method. In this study, in order to clarify the relationship between HIC susceptibility and hydrogen diffusion behavior, in situ crack inspection during the HIC test and finite element method analysis of hydrogen diffusion were performed. The in situ inspection technique using phased-array ultrasonic testing which can capture the time dependence of crack distribution, and HIC initiation and propagation behaviors were clearly visualized and investigated. It was found that crack initiation and propagation stabilize as hydrogen concentration reaches a steady-state value throughout the specimen and the result was considered evidence that the HIC susceptibility corresponded with the steady value of hydrogen permeability.
Proteo-Genomic Analysis Identifies Two Major Sites of Vulnerability on Ebolavirus Glycoprotein for Neutralizing Antibodies in Convalescent Human Plasma (2021)

Three clinically relevant ebolaviruses – Ebola (EBOV), Bundibugyo (BDBV), and Sudan (SUDV) viruses, are responsible for severe disease and occasional deadly outbreaks in Africa. The largest Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic to date in 2013-2016 in West Africa highlighted the urgent need for countermeasures, leading to the development and FDA approval of the Ebola virus vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo ® ) in 2020 and two monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics (Inmazeb ® [atoltivimab, maftivimab, and odesivimab-ebgn] and Ebanga ® (ansuvimab-zykl) in 2020. The humoral response plays an indispensable role in ebolavirus immunity, based on studies of mAbs isolated from the antibody genes in peripheral blood circulating ebolavirus-specific human memory B cells. However, antibodies in the body are not secreted by circulating memory B cells in the blood but rather principally by plasma cells in the bone marrow. Little is known about the protective polyclonal antibody responses in convalescent plasma. Here we exploited both single-cell antibody gene sequencing and proteomic sequencing approaches to assess the composition of the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP)-reactive antibody repertoire in the plasma of an EVD survivor. We first identified 1,512 GP-specific mAb variable gene sequences from single cells in the memory B cell compartment. Using mass spectrometric analysis of the corresponding GP-specific plasma IgG, we found that only a portion of the large B cell antibody repertoire was represented in the plasma. Molecular and functional analysis of proteomics-identified mAbs revealed recognition of epitopes in three major antigenic sites - the GP head domain, the glycan cap, and the base region, with a high prevalence of neutralizing and protective mAb specificities that targeted the base and glycan cap regions on the GP. Polyclonal plasma antibodies from the survivor reacted broadly to EBOV, BDBV, and SUDV GP, while reactivity of the potently neutralizing mAbs we identified was limited mostly to the homologous EBOV GP. Together these results reveal a restricted diversity of neutralizing humoral response in which mAbs targeting two antigenic sites on GP – glycan cap and base – play a principal role in plasma-antibody-mediated protective immunity against EVD.
Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization—a technique to develop biofunctional coatings (2009)

The initial formation of initiating sites for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on various polymer surfaces and numerous inorganic and metallic surfaces is elaborated. The subsequent ATRP grafting of a multitude of monomers from such surfaces to generate thin covalently linked polymer coatings is discussed briefly in order to provide a readily accessible survey. The potential for achieving a range of well-defined biofunctionalities, such as inhibition of non-specific fouling, immobilization of biomolecules, separation of proteins, adsorbents for proteins or cells, antibacterial activity, and encapsulation of drugs in particular provided by these surface-grafted polymers is described.
Fast Screening of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Using Chip-Based Temperature Gradient Capillary Electrophoresis (2006)

Recently, the analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms has attracted much attention. Although many techniques have been reported, new methods with high resolving power, low-cost and fast speed are still in demand. We present a fast SNP detection scheme using chip-based temperature gradient capillary electrophoresis to separate the homoduplex and heteroduplex PCR products which contain one or two SNP sites. The total time of a single run was only 8 minutes.
Data from Integrated Classification of Prostate Cancer Reveals a Novel Luminal Subtype with Poor Outcome (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Prostate cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease with variable molecular alterations underlying cancer initiation and progression. Despite recent advances in understanding prostate cancer heterogeneity, better methods for classification of prostate cancer are still needed to improve prognostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we computationally assembled a large virtual cohort (<i>n</i> = 1,321) of human prostate cancer transcriptome profiles from 38 distinct cohorts and, using pathway activation signatures of known relevance to prostate cancer, developed a novel classification system consisting of three distinct subtypes (named PCS1–3). We validated this subtyping scheme in 10 independent patient cohorts and 19 laboratory models of prostate cancer, including cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models. Analysis of subtype-specific gene expression patterns in independent datasets derived from luminal and basal cell models provides evidence that PCS1 and PCS2 tumors reflect luminal subtypes, while PCS3 represents a basal subtype. We show that PCS1 tumors progress more rapidly to metastatic disease in comparison with PCS2 or PCS3, including PSC1 tumors of low Gleason grade. To apply this finding clinically, we developed a 37-gene panel that accurately assigns individual tumors to one of the three PCS subtypes. This panel was also applied to circulating tumor cells (CTC) and provided evidence that PCS1 CTCs may reflect enzalutamide resistance. In summary, PCS subtyping may improve accuracy in predicting the likelihood of clinical progression and permit treatment stratification at early and late disease stages. <i>Cancer Res; 76(17); 4948–58. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>