gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of Xanthan Microgels by New Enzymatic Treatments (1983)

Abstract Polysaccharase and particularly combined polysac-charase/protease treatments offer new alternatives for clarifying aqueous xanthan gum dispersions. Each enzyme has its specific action—the proteases on the insoluble residual bacterial cells, and the polysaccharases primarily on the microgels. Preliminary tests of these enzymatic treatments for scheduled field applications show promising improvements in filterability, especially for solutions prepared from xanthan powders.
The state of the art of electrostatic discharge protection: physics, technology, circuits, design, simulation and scaling (2002)

This paper discusses state of the art electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in advanced semiconductor technologies and emerging technologies. ESD physics, semiconductor process issues, device and circuit simulation, circuits, and devices are examined.
A Tumor-Targeted Nanodelivery System to Improve Early MRI Detection of Cancer (2006)

The development of improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that would enhance sensitivity, leading to earlier detection of cancer and visualization of metastatic disease, is an area of intense exploration. We have devised a tumor-targeting, liposomal nanodelivery platform for use in gene medicine. This systemically administered nanocomplex has been shown to specifically and efficiently deliver both genes and oligonucleotides to primary and metastatic tumor cells, resulting in significant tumor growth inhibition and even tumor regression. Here we examine the effect on MRI of incorporating conventional MRI contrast agent Magnevist into our anti-transferrin receptor single-chain antibody (TfRscFv) liposomal complex. Both in vitro and in an in vivo orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer, we show increased resolution and image intensity with the complexed Magnevist. Using advanced microscopy techniques (scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy), we also established that the Magnevist is in fact encapsulated by the liposome in the complex and that the complex still retains its nanodimensional size. These results demonstrate that this TfRscFv-liposome-Magnevist nanocomplex has the potential to become a useful tool in early cancer detection.
Multimodal fusion using dynamic hybrid models (2014)

We propose a novel hybrid model that exploits the strength of discriminative classifiers along with the representational power of generative models. Our focus is on detecting multimodal events in time varying sequences. Discriminative classifiers have been shown to achieve higher performances than the corresponding generative likelihood-based classifiers. On the other hand, generative models learn a rich informative space which allows for data generation and joint feature representation that discriminative models lack. We employ a deep temporal generative model for unsupervised learning of a shared representation across multiple modalities with time varying data. The temporal generative model takes into account short term temporal phenomena and allows for filling in missing data by generating data within or across modalities. The hybrid model involves augmenting the temporal generative model with a temporal discriminative model for event detection, and classification, which enables modeling long range temporal dynamics. We evaluate our approach on audio-visual datasets (AVEC, AVLetters, and CUAVE) and demonstrate its superiority compared to the state-of-the-art.
Water-soluble metal-binding polymers with ultrafiltration: A technology for the removal, concentration, and recovery of metal ions from aqueous streams (1997)

The use of water-soluble metal-binding polymers coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) is a technology under development to selectively concentrate and recover valuable or regulated metal-ions from dilute process or waste waters. The polymers have a sufficiently large molecular size that they can be separated and concentrated using commercially available UF technology. The polymers can then be reused by changing the solution conditions to release the metal-ions, which are recovered in a concentrated form for recycle or disposal. Pilot-scale demonstrations have been completed for a variety of waste streams containing low concentrations of metal ions including electroplating wastes (zinc and nickel) and nuclear waste streams (plutonium and americium). Many other potential commercial applications exist including remediation of contaminated solids. An overview of both the pilot-scale demonstrated applications and small scale testing of this technology are presented.
Aquatic Plants Aid Sewage Filter (1985)

Method of wastewater treatment combines micro-organisms and aquatic plant roots in filter bed. Treatment occurs as liquid flows up through system. Micro-organisms, attached themselves to rocky base material of filter, act in several steps to decompose organic matter in wastewater. Vascular aquatic plants (typically, reeds, rushes, cattails, or water hyacinths) absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, other nutrients, and heavy metals from water through finely divided roots.
Optimized invariant representation of network traffic for detecting unseen malware variants (2016)

New and unseen polymorphic malware, zero-day attacks, or other types of advanced persistent threats are usually not detected by signature-based security devices, firewalls, or anti-viruses. This represents a challenge to the network security industry as the amount and variability of incidents has been increasing. Consequently, this complicates the design of learning-based detection systems relying on features extracted from network data. The problem is caused by different joint distribution of observation (features) and labels in the training and testing data sets. This paper proposes a classification system designed to detect both known as well as previously-unseen security threats. The classifiers use statistical feature representation computed from the network traffic and learn to recognize malicious behavior. The representation is designed and optimized to be invariant to the most common changes of malware behaviors. This is achieved in part by a feature histogram constructed for each group of HTTP flows (proxy log records) of a user visiting a particular hostname and in part by a feature self-similarity matrix computed for each group. The parameters of the representation (histogram bins) are optimized and learned based on the training samples along with the classifiers. The proposed classification system was deployed on large corporate networks, where it detected 2,090 new and unseen variants of malware samples with 90% precision (9 of 10 alerts were malicious), which is a considerable improvement when compared to the current flow-based approaches or existing signature-based web security devices.
p73 is required for the apoptotic activity of an engineered nuclear BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase (2008)

2782 The BCR-ABL oncoprotein of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) localizes to the cell cytoplasm because its nuclear localization signals (NLS) are inactivated. In the cytoplasm, BCR-ABL activates several proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways leading to the development of CML.  We have previously reported that the NLS of BCR-ABL can be re-activated and that the nuclear BCR-ABL can trigger cell death. To clarify the molecular mechanisms responsible for the apoptosis induced by nuclear BCR-ABL, we investigated its possible interactions with the p53 family of proteins.  We engineered a BCR-ABLNuk construct that is capable of nuclear import while maintaining its constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. Immunofluorescence analysis and cell fractionation experiments confirmed that BCR-ABLNuk and its kinase defective counterpart BCR-ABLKDNuk both migrate to the cell nucleus. Furthermore, IP-Western experiments demonstrated that these constructs physically interact with p73 but not with p53 and p63. This interaction requires the SH3 domain of BCR-ABLNuk, since a BCR-ABLNuk construct devoid of the SH3 domain can no longer bind p73.  Following its association with BCR-ABLNuk, p73 is phosphorylated on tyrosines 99 and 121. This post-translational modification stabilizes the p73 protein and leads to the induction of cell death. These results were further confirmed in fibroblasts derived from p73-null mice. In this cellular context, BCR-ABLNuk was unable to elicit cell death. However, the reconstitution of these cells with wild-type p73 promptly reestablished an apoptotic response.  Our results identify p73 as a molecular target of nuclear BCR-ABL, suggesting that, in order to induce cell death, the oncoprotein requires binding and phosphorylation of p73.
A rapid synthetic method for organic polymer-based monoliths in a room temperature ionic liquid medium via microwave-assisted vinylization and polymerization (2010)

In this communication, we report a very efficient method of manufacturing polymer-based monolith in an ionic liquid reaction medium via microwave-assisted vinylization and polymerization. This novel approach took only 10 min to complete the whole process.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Oxaselenolane Nucleosides (2000)

As dioxolane and oxathiolane nucleosides have exhibited promising antiviral and anticancer activities, it was of interest to synthesize isoelectronically substituted oxaselenolane nucleosides, in which the 3'-CH(2) is replaced by a selenium atom. To study structure-activity relationships, various pyrimidine and purine oxaselenolane nucleosides were synthesized from the key intermediate, (+/-)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,2-oxaselenolane 5-acetate (6). Among the synthesized racemic nucleosides, cytosine and 5-fluorocytosine analogues exhibited potent anti-HIV and anti-HBV activities. It was of interest to obtain the enantiomerically pure isomers to determine if they have differential antiviral activities. However, due to the difficult and time-consuming nature of enantiomeric synthesis, a chiral HPLC separation was performed to obtain optical isomers from the corresponding racemic mixtures. Each pair of enantiomers of Se-ddC and Se-FddC was separated by an amylose chiral column using a mobile phase of 100% 2-propanol. The results indicate that most of the anti-HIV activity of both cytosine and fluorocytosine nucleosides resides with the (-)-isomers.
Novel 9-Alkyl- and 9-Alkylidene-Substituted 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> Analogues: Synthesis and Biological Examinations (2015)

Continuing the structure-activity relationship studies in the vitamin D area, we designed and synthesized novel C-9 substituted calcitriol analogues, possessing different nonpolar groups at this position. 9α-Methyl-1α,25-(OH)2D3, both epimers of 9-methylene-10,19-dihydro-1α,25-(OH)2D3 as well as the parent vitamin with the "reversed" triene system, 9-methylene-19-nor-1α,25-(OH)2D3, were obtained from the previtamin D precursors, constructed by either Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira, or Stille couplings of the corresponding A- and C,D-ring fragments. An alternative synthetic path, leading to the latter vitamin and its homologue with 9-ethylidene group, involved formation of dienynes as precursors of the respective 19-norprevitamin D compounds. 9β-Methyl-19-nor-1α,25-(OH)2D3 was prepared by homogeneous hydrogenation with Wilkinson catalyst, and this analogue was found to be the most active in vitro. Moreover, 9α-methyl-1α,25-(OH)2D3 and 9-methylene-19-nor-1α,25-(OH)2D3 showed some in vitro activity, however, the in vivo assays indicated only weak calcemic potency of these compounds in the intestinal calcium transport.
Spectrally Fragmented Electrical Dispersion Compensation for High-Speed Microstrip Traces in Data Centers Connections (2016)

The frequency-dependent dispersion impairment of high-speed printed analog traces in next-generation pluggable modules is studied. This frequency dependence is considered for the first time in optical fiber communication systems. Transmission of ultra-broadband electrical signals over such traces dramatically enhances the frequency-dependent dispersion effect. Here, for the first time, an extended model of the ultrabroadband signal transmission that includes this frequency-dependent dispersion effect of the printed analog traces is proposed. Additionally, a novel approach to compensate for this frequency-dependent dispersion impairment is introduced. Inclusive analysis reveals that a significant performance improvement of up to 4 dB is achieved by using the proposed symbol-spaced sampling and reduced-complexity digital signal processing technique.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i> binary toxin (CDT) is recognized by the TLR2/6 heterodimer to induce an NF-κB response (2020)

Abstract Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents a significant burden on the health care system, one that is exacerbated by the emergence of binary toxin (CDT)-producing hypervirulent C. difficile strains. Previous work from our lab has shown that TLR2 recognizes CDT to induce inflammation. Here we explore the interactions of CDT with TLR2 and the impact on host immunity during CDI. We found that the TLR2/6 heterodimer, not TLR2/1, is responsible for CDT recognition, and that gene pathways including NF-κB and MAPK downstream of TLR2/6 are upregulated in mice with intact TLR2/6 signaling during CDI.
Session Description Protocol (SDP) Simple Capability Declaration (2002)

This document defines a set of Session Description Protocol (SDP) attributes that enables SDP to provide a minimal and backwards compatible capability declaration mechanism. Such capability declarations can be used as input to a subsequent session negotiation, which is done by means outside the scope of this document. This provides a simple and limited solution to the general capability negotiation problem being addressed by the next generation of SDP, also known as SDPng.
Solid state heat capacity disk laser (1998)

This paper describes a solid state laser concept that scales to MW levels of burst power and MJ of burst energy and burst durations measured in seconds. During lasing action, waste heat is purposely stored in the heat capacity of the active medium. The paper outlines the principal scaling laws of key operational features and arrives at a conceptual design example of the laser head as well as a mobile laser system.
Gas‐phase‐assisted surface polymerization of methyl methacrylate with Fe(0)/TsCl initiator system (2006)

Abstract To obtain a high polymer coated Fe(0) surface, gas‐phase‐assisted surface polymerization (GASP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was investigated using a zero‐valent iron (Fe(0))/ p ‐toluene sulfonylchloride (TsCl) initiator system, resulting in successful high polymer production on the solid surface. GASP was found to be initiated by radical species that might have been generated via redox reactions with Fe(0), Fe(II), Fe(III), and TsCl. From 1 H‐NMR analysis, the p ‐toluene sulfonyl group was found at one end of the polymer chain. The molecular weight of obtained PMMA drastically decreased with increase in the composition ratio of Fe(0) in the initiator system, and increased with increase in polymer yield. From the results, it was assumed that the physically controlled polymerization of MMA proceeded by immobilized active species at gas–solid interfaces. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1879–1886, 2007
Nonsymmetric cyclic sulfamide HIV-1 protease inhibitors with sidechains spanning from P2/P2' to P1/P1' (2005)

Ten years ago, the first protease inhibitor targeting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was approved for clinical use. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which combined protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, quickly became the standard therapy for treating patients infected with HIV and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Nevertheless, last year the AIDS pandemic reached its highest level ever. Many infected patients, mainly in the developing countries, are still without treatment. Among those patients who receive treatment, an increase in drug resistance and new-infection with drug-resistant strains are seen. To come to terms with these problems, new drugs that are efficient against resistant strains and can be produced at low cost are needed.In this study, we have focused our research efforts on cyclic sulfamides active as HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Distinctive to this compound class, as compared to the inhibitors so far approved for clinical use, was the incorporation of a water mimic that displaces the structural water (W301) observed in the X-ray crystal co-complexes. The first part of the study was aimed at understanding the rationale behind the nonsymmetric binding mode that the inhibitor adopted when bound to the enzyme. Symmetric and nonsymmetric inhibitors were synthesized and the structure-activity relationships and preferable binding modes were rationalized with the help of Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA).In the second part of the study, an attempt was made to reduce the size of these inhibitors. As a result, the traditional P1/P1' substituents were removed, while the P2/P2' substituents were elongated in an attempt to reach between the binding sites. The design hypothesis was shown to be successful and inhibitors possessing nanomolar activity were identified.
Renin inhibitors. Design of angiotensinogen transition-state analogs containing novel (2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-2-isopropyl-7-methyloctanoic acid (1987)

A highly stereoselective synthesis of 2(R)-[5(R)-[1(S)-[(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino]-3-methylbutyl]-2,2- dimethyl-4(R)-dioxolanyl]-3-methylbutanoic acid is described. This is a suitably protected carboxylic acid useful as an intermediate for the preparation of renin inhibitory peptides. Angiotensinogen analogues such as peptides IX and X that contain the dipeptide isostere (2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-amino-3,4-dihydroxy-2-isopropyl-7-methyloctanoic acid residue at the scissile site are shown to be potent inhibitors of human plasma renin. The glycol moiety in this novel acid, dihydroxyethylene isostere, is suggested to act as a transition-state analogue and mimics the tetrahedral intermediate formed during the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the peptidic bond.
Leveraging 2D and 3D cues for fine-grained object classification (2016)

Objects in fine-grained categories always share a high degree of shape similarity, making both “localizing discriminative parts” and “learning appearance descriptors” extremely difficult. We propose a framework to leverage 2D+3D cues to handle above two challenges. Towards the goal of image alignment to localize discriminative parts, traditional methods rely on either manual part annotation or image segmentation. Instead, our framework leverages each image's 3D camera pose estimation to align images; Towards the goal of “learning appearance descriptors” confined with small training data and memory/computation cost, we propose an unsupervised Convolutional Sparse Coding (CSC) + manifold learning that significantly reduces model complexity, but still successfully produces highly diverse feature filters like deep neural network. Our experimental results attest the advocated framework's accuracy is comparable to a deep network, demonstrating its great potential on mobile devices.
SurVaxM with standard therapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: Phase II trial update. (2019)

2016 Background: SVN53-67/M57-KLH (SurVaxM) is a novel cancer vaccine designed to stimulate an immune response targeting the tumor-specific antigen survivin. A multi-center, single-arm phase 2 clinical trial of SurVaxM in survivin-positive newly diagnosed glioblastoma (nGBM, NCT02455557) is now fully enrolled and data updated. Methods: Patients (n = 63) with nGBM were enrolled at 5 US cancer centers and followed for safety, 6-month progression-free survival (PFS6), 12-month overall survival (OS12) and immunologic response. All patients underwent craniotomy with near-total resection ( < 1 cm 3 residual contrast enhancement), TMZ chemoradiation, adjuvant TMZ and SurVaxM. Patients received 4 doses of SurVaxM (500 mcg) in Montanide with sargramostim (100 mcg) biweekly, followed by maintenance SurVaxM with adjuvants every 12 weeks until tumor progression. Immunogenicity of SurVaxM was assessed by detection of survivin-specific antibody (IgG) and CD8+ T-cell levels. Results: Median age was 60 yrs (range, 20-82), 53% methylated MGMT, 46% unmethylated MGMT (1 N/A) and 60% were male. Survivin expression ranged from 1-40% (median 12%) by immunohistochemistry. Median time to first immunization was 3.0 mo (1.9-4.0 mo) from diagnosis. There have been no RLT or grade ≥ 3 SAE attributable to SurVaxM. The most common AE was grade 1-2 injection site reactions. OS12 was 86% from first immunization and 93.4% from diagnosis. OS12 for meMGMT was 93.1% and unMGMT was 78% from first immunization. Median time to tumor progression (mPFS) was 13.9 months from diagnosis. Median OS has not yet been reached. SurVaxM produced an increase in survivin-specific IgG titre from pre-vaccine baseline to ≥ 1:10,000 in 67% of pts and ≥ 1:100,000 in 27%. CD8+ T cell responses were observed. Anti-survivin IgG and OS were correlated. Conclusions: SurVaxM immunotherapy generated encouraging efficacy and immunogenicity in nGBM and has minimal toxicity. A randomized, prospective trial of SurVaxM in nGBM is planned. Clinical trial information: NCT024455557.
Objective Consumer Device Photo Quality Evaluation (2015)

We propose an approach to no-reference image quality evaluation that is consumer-centric and targets real consumer-type images with realistic distortions and realistic quality ranges. We show that the state-of-the-art approaches to no-reference image quality assessment do not perform as well on real consumer-type images, and propose an approach which is simple, efficient, easily interpretable, and achieves high prediction performance on a dataset of images with real non-simulated distortions.
Direct solution heat treatment process for austenitic stainless steel wire rods. (1985)

An in-line direct solution heat treatment process for austenitic stainless steel wire rods has been developed. This process utilizes the rolling sensible heat of wire rods. The results of the fundamental research on the recrystallization and the growth of austenite grains after hot rolling are described. The direct solution heat treatment line designed and built on the basis of the results of this fundamental study is outlined, and the quality of wire rods treated by the line is summarized. In the direct solution heat treatment process, the wire rod finish rolled at a high speed and a high temperature is first held in a high-temperature furnace for a short time and then cooled rapidly in a water box. These treatments are continuously performed in a short time in-line with the wire rod mill. The quality of wire rods thus treated is better than that of off-line annealed wire rods, enabling the elimination of solution heat treatment prior to drawing into wire.
Dual-band frequency reconfigurable MIMO antenna with continuous tuning range (2017)

A 2-element dual-band frequency reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented. Consisting of meandered slot antennas as the elements, the proposed antenna is planar and provides large and smooth frequency transition in two bands from 1.35-1.62 GHz and 1.95-2.2 GHz. The frequency reconfigurability is achieved through varactor diode loading across the slot. Isolation between antenna elements is improved by etching out an isolation structure in the ground plane which results in a minimum 20 dB isolation in the entire operating band. The antenna is analyzed for MIMO evaluation parameters and shows good performance.