gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
7.5% Optical-to-Terahertz Conversion Efficiency through Use of Three-Dimensional Plasmonic Electrodes (2014)

We present a high-efficiency photoconductive terahertz source based on high-aspect ratio plasmonic contact electrodes. Terahertz radiation powers up to 105 µW are obtained at an optical pump power of 1.4 mW, exhibiting a record-high optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of 7.5%.
Video content and structure description based on keyframes, clusters and storyboards (2015)

In this paper we present a novel system to extract keyframes, shot clusters and structural storyboards for video content description, which can be used for a variety of summarization, visualization, classification, indexing and retrieval applications. The system automatically selects an appealing set of keyframes and creates meaningful clusters of shots. It further identifies sections that appear recurrently, which are called anchors, and typically divide television shows into different parts. This information about anchors can then be used to browse video content in a new fashion. Finally, our system creates a new type of interactive storyboard suitable to visualize and analyze the structure of the video in a novel way.
LEWIS: Latent Embeddings for Word Images and Their Semantics (2015)

The goal of this work is to bring semantics into the tasks of text recognition and retrieval in natural images. Although text recognition and retrieval have received a lot of attention in recent years, previous works have focused on recognizing or retrieving exactly the same word used as a query, without taking the semantics into consideration. In this paper, we ask the following question: can we predict semantic concepts directly from a word image, without explicitly trying to transcribe the word image or its characters at any point? For this goal we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a weighted ranking loss objective that ensures that the concepts relevant to the query image are ranked ahead of those that are not relevant. This can also be interpreted as learning a Euclidean space where word images and concepts are jointly embedded. This model is learned in an end-to-end manner, from image pixels to semantic concepts, using a dataset of synthetically generated word images and concepts mined from a lexical database (WordNet). Our results show that, despite the complexity of the task, word images and concepts can indeed be associated with a high degree of accuracy.
Using genomics to identify novel antimicrobials (2016)

There is a critical need in animal agriculture to develop novel antimicrobials and alternative strategies that will help to reduce the use of antibiotics and address the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. High-throughput gene expression analysis is providing new tools that are enabling the discovery of host-derived antimicrobial peptides. Examples of gene-encoded natural antibiotics that have gained attention include antimicrobial peptides such as human granulysin and its multi-species homolog, namely NK-lysin, which provide a protective response against a broad range of microbes and are a principal component of innate immunity in vertebrates. Both granulysin and NK-lysin are localised in cytolytic granules in natural killer and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Host-derived NK-lysins that were first described in mammals are also found in avian species, and they have been shown to have antimicrobial activities that could potentially be used to control important poultry pathogens. Morphological alterations observed following chicken NK-lysin binding to Eimeria sporozoites and Escherichia coli membranes indicate damage and disruption of cell membranes, suggesting that NK-lysin kills pathogenic protozoans and bacteria by direct interaction. Genotype analysis revealed that chicken NK-lysin peptides derived from certain alleles were more effective at killing pathogens than those derived from others, which could potentially affect susceptibility to diseases. Although the host-derived antimicrobial peptides described in this paper may not, by themselves, be able to replace the antibiotics currently used in animal production, their use as specific treatments based on their known mechanisms of action is showing promising results.
Dual-beam subpicosecond broadband infrared spectrometer (1994)

A method for obtaining broadband multichannel IR spectra with subpicosecond time resolution is described. Spectrally broad IR pulses, produced by difference-frequency mixing of two visible pulses in LiIO3, are split to make signal and reference pulses. After sample absorption, the IR pulses are upconverted by a second LiIO3 crystal to produce visible pulses that are dispersed on a CCD detector to yield transient spectra with 100-cm−1 bandwidth and 4-cm−1 resolution. With this dual-beam technique, spectra with sensitivities of 0.001 ΔOD are obtained.
Parity-Controlled <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:math> Josephson Effect Mediated by Majorana Kramers Pairs (2018)

We study a time-reversal-invariant topological superconductor island hosting spatially separated Majorana Kramers pairs, with weak tunnel couplings to two s-wave superconducting leads. When the topological superconductor island is in the Coulomb blockade regime, we predict that a Josephson current flows between the two leads due to a nonlocal transfer of Cooper pairs mediated by the Majorana Kramers pairs. Interestingly, we find that the sign of the Josephson current is controlled by the joint parity of all four Majorana bound states on the island. Consequently, this parity-controlled Josephson effect can be used for qubit readout in Majorana-based quantum computing.
A Cross-Domain Transferable Neural Coherence Model (2019)

Peng Xu, Hamidreza Saghir, Jin Sung Kang, Teng Long, Avishek Joey Bose, Yanshuai Cao, Jackie Chi Kit Cheung. Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2019.
Thickness and annealing dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin films on oxidized silicon and polycrystalline alumina substrates (1988)

Superconducting thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x in the thickness range of 0.2–0.9 μm were tested in this study. A zirconia buffer layer was used to minimize interdiffusion on oxidized silicon and polycrystalline alumina substrates. The highest zero resistance transition temperatures (85 K for oxidized silicon and 86 K for polycrystalline alumina) were obtained for the thicker films; these are the highest values reported for thin films of this superconductor on these substrates. The thickness and annealing dependence of the transition temperature suggests that interdiffusion limits the performance of the thinner samples.
MEBCIS: Multi-energy betatron-based cargo inspection system (2016)

The security market requirements for state-of-the-art mobile and portal radiography inspection systems include high imaging resolution (better than 5 mm line pair), penetration beyond 300 mm steel equivalent, material discrimination (three groups of Z) at speeds up to 16 km/h with 100% image sampling, low dose and small radiation exclusion zone. New research into radiography methods and systems has been actively pursued in order to achieve these challenging requirements. Recently, a significant portion of the R&D effort has been devoted to re-examining betatron based X-ray inspection systems. The advantages of the betatron-based inspection systems over conventional linac-based designs include small focal spot (which improves resolution), low weight and form-factor, a simpler control system and relatively low cost. A novel, low-dose Multi-Energy Betatron-based Cargo Inspection System, MEBCIS, presented in this paper relies on an innovative technique of extracting two X-ray pulses with lower-and higher-energies within a single betatron acceleration cycle (in contrast to conventional dual-energy betatrons with one X-ray pulse produced during separate betatron acceleration cycles). In addition to the new betatron, new types of fast X-ray Scintillation-Cherenkov detectors, rapid processing of detector signals, an adaptive detector feedback algorithm for control of the betatron, and algorithms for intelligent material discrimination are parts of the overall MEBCIS system. The key advantage of the MEBCIS concept is that the material discrimination data is acquired in a single scan line rather than two. Thus, for the same betatron pulse rate, the scan rate can be twice as fast (better throughput) or can be done with a lower dose, even without adaptive dynamic pulse adjustment. Application of these techniques will maximize material discrimination, penetration, and contrast resolution while simultaneously reducing dose to the environment, resulting in a smaller exclusion zone. Its minimal size and weight will allow MEBCIS to be placed on a lightweight truck chassis.
A novel piezohydraulic actuator as artificial muscle in robotic applications (2015)

Modern robotic applications involve close contact to the human and consequently, require apart from performance a high degree of safety from their actuators. Further, the dexterous manipulation abilities of a human are not yet inherently realized by technical media. In this work a novel piezohydraulic actuator is presented aiming at a) high power density, b) human-like force/velocity characteristic, c) intrinsic passive safety and low reflected inertia, and d) high robustness. It is shown why the piezohydraulic actuation principle is appropriate to mimic the behavior of a human muscle and, as a consequence, desirable for robotic applications. A model of the actuator is also presented together with simulation and experimental results.
Shared segmented upload in mobile networks using coordinated multipoint (2014)

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) networks have problems of low data rate for cell-edge users, as well as coverage gaps. Contemporary communication standards use different techniques to deal with these problems; one candidate technique is called Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP). In this context, we introduce Shared Segmented Upload (SSU), a novel method for uploading large files from a UE to multiple BSs in a CoMP communication sce-nario. We use the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism to model a mobile network using two approaches: SSU and a conventional non-cooperative algo-rithm. The simulation results show that, compared to the conventional method, the SSU algorithm improves cell edge users' uplink performance and reduces the latency for a User Equipment (UE) to upload its data to the network.
Intestinal Differentiation of Mouse ESCs (2013)

ES cells (ESCs) are pluripotent and offer a good tool to study early embryonic development. Intestinal cells are derived from the definitive endoderm. In contrast to adult tissue stem cells, embryonic development and differentiation from ES cells have not been as well investigated in the intestine. There are four differentiated cell types of non-proliferative epithelial cells: enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progenitor cells reside in crypts, proliferate vigorously, and function as the source of differentiated epithelial cells. Here, we describe a protocol, in which differentiated cell types of the intestine are derived from mouse ESCs. In this protocol, we describe a protocol to differentiate mouse ES cells into Cdx2-expressing intestinal endoderm efficiently by co-culturing with M15, a mouse mesonephric cell line, and treatment with two chemical compounds. The chemical compounds used are BIO and DAPT. BIO is a Gsk3 inhibitor, that activate Wnt signaling pathway, and DAPT is a-secretase inhibitor that inhibit Notch signaling pathway. BIO and DAPT treatment yielded all representative cell lineages, enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and paneth cells, to be derived from mouse ESCs.
A Palette of Fluorescent Probes with Varying Emission Colors for Imaging Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling in Living Cells (2010)

We present a new family of fluorescent probes with varying emission colors for selectively imaging hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generated at physiological cell signaling levels. This structurally homologous series of fluorescein- and rhodol-based reporters relies on a chemospecific boronate-to-phenol switch to respond to H(2)O(2) over a panel of biologically relevant reactive oxygen species (ROS) with tunable excitation and emission maxima and sensitivity to endogenously produced H(2)O(2) signals, as shown by studies in RAW264.7 macrophages during the phagocytic respiratory burst and A431 cells in response to EGF stimulation. We further demonstrate the utility of these reagents in multicolor imaging experiments by using one of the new H(2)O(2)-specific probes, Peroxy Orange 1 (PO1), in conjunction with the green-fluorescent highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) probe, APF. This dual-probe approach allows for selective discrimination between changes in H(2)O(2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) levels in live RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, when macrophages labeled with both PO1 and APF were stimulated to induce an immune response, we discovered three distinct types of phagosomes: those that generated mainly hROS, those that produced mainly H(2)O(2), and those that possessed both types of ROS. The ability to monitor multiple ROS fluxes simultaneously using a palette of different colored fluorescent probes opens new opportunities to disentangle the complex contributions of oxidation biology to living systems by molecular imaging.
A pyro-electrohydrodynamic nanodispenser for biochemical applications (2010)

A new and simple method is presented here for dispensing liquid nano- and pico-droplets through a non-invasive electrode-less configuration using the electric field generated by the pyroelectric effect into a dielectric crystal. The results show how the system is potentially useful for delivering liquid samples of biochemical interest, avoiding cross contaminations and special nozzles.
Saliva MicroRNA Differentiates Children With Autism From Peers With Typical and Atypical Development (2019)

A Salivary miRNA Diagnostic Test for Autism; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT02832557.
Ethylene Insensitivity Conferred by the<i>Green-ripe</i>and<i>Never-ripe 2</i>Ripening Mutants of Tomato (2005)

The ripening of a fleshy fruit represents the summation of an array of biochemical processes that are regulated by interactions between developmental programs and environmental inputs. Analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) mutants and inhibitor studies indicate that ethylene is necessary for full development of the ripening program of climacteric fruit such as tomato, yet ethylene alone is not sufficient. This suggests that an interaction between ethylene and nonethylene (or developmental) pathways mediates ripening. In this study, we have examined the physiological basis for ripening inhibition of the dominant Green-ripe (Gr) and Never-ripe 2 (Nr-2) mutants of tomato. Our data suggest that this inhibition is due to ethylene insensitivity in mutant fruit. Further investigation of ethylene responses in Gr and Nr-2 plants also revealed weak ethylene insensitivity during floral senescence and abscission and, during inhibition of root elongation, a phenotype associated with the triple response. However, ethylene-induced inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and petiole epinasty are normal in Gr and Nr-2, suggesting that these loci regulate a subset of ethylene responses. We have mapped both dominant mutations to a 2-cM overlapping region of the long arm of chromosome 1 of tomato, a region not previously linked to any known ethylene signaling loci. The phenotypic similarity and overlapping map location of these mutations suggest Gr and Nr-2 may be allelic and may possibly encode a novel component of the ethylene response pathway.
Efficiency of a Ruthenium Catalyst in Metathesis Reactions of Sulfur‐Containing Compounds. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sand Cleanout with Coiled Tubing: Choice of Process, Tools, or Fluids? (2008)

Abstract Cleaning sand from wellbores is a major part of the coiled tubing (CT) industry. The process is a function of multiple variables including fluid properties, flow velocities, hole size and deviation, pipe eccentricity, particle properties and fill penetration rate and wiper trip speed. It becomes even more challenging to successfully remove fill from wells with low bottom hole pressure (BHP) especially if the well is completed with smaller diameter production tubulars which reduce circulation flow cross-section and choke flow. The problem is further compounded by high deviation or horizontal well trajectories especially in large diameter wellbores. Several cleanout options have been developed in the past, employing a variety of different approaches. CT or conventional jointed pipe often incorporates high circulation rates, special fluids, wiper trip, or reverse circulation mode to remove solids. Many of these conventional sand cleanout methods often apply excess hydrostatic pressure on the formation, resulting in lost circulation in low formation pressure reservoirs. The conventional solution to overcome excess hydrostatic has been to include nitrogen to reduce fluid density and thus lessen the hydrostatic head. Sand vacuuming technology combines a concentric coiled tubing (CCT) string with a downhole jet pump to remove fills without placing hydrostatic loads on the reservoir. This paper reviews the individual sand cleanout systems and discusses the advantages and limitations related to each method. Compared with other processes, cleaning sand using a wiper trip has become the most common and efficient mehtod. However, it needs an appropriate pump rate and reservoir pressure to maintain a proper return flow rate to carry the sands to the surface. For a depleted reservoir and especially for horizontal heavy oil wells, a sand vacuuming system can be used to efficiently remove the debris without circulating nitrogen and without high pump rates. The main application for the reverse circulation technique is cleaning sand from large diameter wellbores and when the necessary pump rates for conventional "forward" circulation are not achievable. Fluids with high solids suspension capability (under shear conditions) may be an economic option when the debris cannot be removed from a large diameter deviated wellbores using more conventional, but lower cost, cleanout fluids. The venturi junk bailer is often used to retrieve larger material or junk which is typically not circulated out by any other methods. Field cases are provided, demonstrating how to select the proper cleaning method and how to efficiently remove sands from a wellbore based on both operational and logistical conditions.
Incentive Design for Lowest Cost Aggregate Energy Demand Reduction (2010)

We design an optimal incentive mechanism offered to energy customers at multiple network levels, e.g., distribution and feeder networks, with the aim of determining the lowest-cost aggregate energy demand reduction. Our model minimizes a utility's total cost for this mode of virtual demand generation, i.e., demand reduction, to achieve improvements in both total systemic costs and load reduction over existing mechanisms. We assume the utility can predict with reasonable accuracy the average load reduction response of end-users with respect to rebates by observing and learning from their past behavior. Within a single period formulation, we propose a heuristic policy that segments the customers according to their likelihood of reducing load. Within a multi-period formulation, we observe that customers who are more willing to reduce their aggregate demand over the entire horizon, rather than simply shifting their load to off-peak periods, tend to receive higher incentives, and vice versa.
Microjet cooling devices for thermal management of electronics (2003)

This research is an effort to demonstrate the applicability of miniaturized synthetic jet (microjet) technology to the area of thermal management of microelectronic devices. Synthetic jets are jets which are formed from entrainment and expulsion of the fluid in which they are embedded. Design issues of microjet cooling devices are discussed along with characterization of excitation elements and the turbulent synthetic jets produced thereby. Geometrical parameters of the microjet cooling devices were empirically optimized with regards to cooling performance. The cooling performance of the optimized microjets was compared with previous theoretical and empirical studies of conventional jet impingement. The cooling performance of the microjet devices has been investigated in an open environment as well as in a vented and closed case environment. In such experiments, the synthetic jet impinges normal to the surface of a packaged thermal test die, comprising a heater and a diode-based temperature sensor. This test assembly allows simultaneous heat generation and temperature sensing of the package, thereby enabling assessment of the performance of the synthetic jet. Using microjet cooling devices, a thermal resistance of 30.1/spl deg/C/W has been achieved (when unforced cooling is used, thermal resistance is 59.6/spl deg/C/W) when the test chip is located at 15mm spacing from the jet exit plane. In order to more directly compare and scale the cooling results, a preliminary study on heat transfer correlations of the microjet cooling device has been performed. Finally, a comparison of the performance of the microjet cooler with standard cooling fans is given.
A MEANS TO REDUCE FORMATION OF PRECURSORS OF 2-TRANS-NONENAL IN BREWING* (1977)

A method is described whereby the precursors of 2-trans-nonenal may be estimated in worts and beers. Treatment of malt grist or malt with a variety of polar substances is shown to reduce or eliminate the production of nonenal precursors during mashing. Beers made from worts so treated have enhanced flavour stability over those made conventionally.
Reconciling Similar Sets of Data (2019)

In this paper, we consider the problem of synchronizing two sets of data where the size of the symmetric difference between the sets is small and, in addition, the elements in the symmetric difference are related through the Hamming distance metric. Upper and lower bounds are derived on the minimum amount of information exchange. Furthermore, explicit encoding and decoding algorithms are provided for many cases.
Low core loss rotating flux transformer (1988)

A rotating magnetic induction at saturation generates no hysteresis losses. In addition, because domain walls are absent, there are no anomalous eddy current losses. Thus, only classical eddy current losses are present. In materials with high resistivity such as ferrites or materials fabricated into thin sheets such as amorphous metals, these classical losses are small. A transformer has been designed which utilizes this principle. It consists of a hollow toroidal core with toroidal windings wrapped outside the core and poloidal windings wrapped through the interior channel. When these windings are energized by currents 90 electrical degrees apart or, with suitable winding schemes, by three-phase currents, rotating flux is generated throughout the core volume.