gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Pluripotent Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells from Adult Human Tissues by Connexin-43 Enrichment (2013)

Identification and isolation of pluripotent stem cells in adult tissues represent an important advancement in the fields of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. For several years, research has been performed on the identification of biomarkers that can isolate stem cells residing in neural crest (NC)-derived adult tissues. The NC is considered a good model in stem cell biology as cells from it migrate extensively and contribute to the formation of diverse tissues in the body during organogenesis. Migration of these cells is modulated, in part, by gap junction communication among the cell sheets. Here we present a study in which, selection of connexin 43 (Cx43) expressing cells from human adult periodontal ligament yields a novel pluripotent stem cell population. Cx43⁺ periodontal ligament stem cells express pluripotency-associated transcription factors OCT4, Nanog, and Sox2, as well as NC-specific markers Sox10, p75, and Nestin. When injected in vivo into an immunodeficient mouse model, these cells were capable of generating teratomas with tissues from the three embryological germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Furthermore, the cells formed mature structures of tissues normally arising from the NC during embryogenesis such as eccrine sweat glands of the human skin, muscle, neuronal tissues, cartilage, and bone. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the human origin of the neoplastic cells as well as the ectodermal and endodermal nature of some of the structures found in the tumors. These results suggest that Cx43 may be used as a biomarker to select and isolate the remnant NC pluripotent stem cells from adult human tissues arising from this embryological structure. The isolation of these cells through routine medical procedures such as wisdom teeth extraction further enhances their applicability to the regenerative medicine field.
Issues in electrical impedance imaging (1995)

Electrical impedance imaging systems apply currents to the body's surface, measure the corresponding voltages, and use inverse methods to reconstruct the conductivity and permittivity in the interior from these data. Quick, accurate maps of these electrical parameters inside the body could improve the effectiveness of critical medical technologies.
High-power single-lobed surface-emitting photonic-crystal laser (2006)

High-power (46mW), single-lobed, surface-emitting operation is successfully achieved in a 2D photonic-crystal laser by optimizing the structure of the lattice points, under room temperature, continuous-wave conditions.
Silicon epitaxy at 650–800 °C using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition both with and without plasma enhancement (1985)

A system and a procedure using chemical vapor deposition of silane at very low pressures (&lt;10−2 Torr) have been developed for depositing uniform, specular silicon epitaxial films both with and without plasma enhancement at temperatures as low as 650 °C. In situ cleaning of the substrate surface that overlaps into the deposition is the most critical aspect of the procedure. Undoped films deposited on substrates heavily doped with antimony or boron have abrupt doping profiles. Preliminary measurements indicate that the hole mobility of epitaxial films obtained with this process is 90% of that in bulk silicon. Films oxidized and decorated with a Secco etch show twice as many defects as a similarly treated substrate. Nonplasma growth kinetics are sensitive to surface conditions such as crystallographic orientation, and surface diffusion of adsorbed species appears to be the rate-limiting step for depositing epitaxial films above 700 °C. Around 650 °C, the growth mechanism appears to change, possibly due to the increased presence of hydrogen on the surface. Finally, plasma enhances the growth rate, and plasma kinetics do not seem to be sensitive to surface conditions.
Classification of infrared spectra from skin tumors (2000)

The clinical differential diagnosis of skin tumors is an often-challenging task, to which the probing of skin with mid- and near-infrared (IR) light may be contributory. The development of objective methods for the analysis of IR spectra remains a major hurdle to developing clinically useful applications. The authors highlight different processing methods for IR spectra from skin biopsies and in-vivo skin tumors. Spectroscopic maps of biopsies of basal cell, squamous cell and melanocytic neoplasms were objectively grouped into distinct clusters that corresponded with tumor, epidermis, dermis, follicle and fat. Normal and abnormal skin components were located within maps using a search engine based upon linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In all instances, areas of tumor were distinct from normal tissue in biopsies. In-vivo, near-IR spectroscopy and LDA allowed discrimination between benign and malignant skin lesions with a high degree of accuracy. We conclude that IR spectroscopy has significant diagnostic promise in the skin cancer arena. The analytical methods described can now be used to create a powerful classification scheme in which to detect skin tumor cells within biopsied and living skin.
Yb<sub>14</sub>MnSb<sub>11</sub>:  New High Efficiency Thermoelectric Material for Power Generation (2006)

Thermoelectric materials provide a key solution to energy problems through the conversion of heat into electrical energy. We report that the complex Zintl compound, Yb14MnSb11, breaks a 2-decade stagnation in high-temperature (>900 K), p-type materials development for thermoelectric power generation. This material achieves quadrupled efficiency and virtually doubled figure of merit over the current state-of-the-art, SiGe, thus earmarking it superior for thermoelectric applications in segmented devices. Yb14MnSb11 represents the first complex Zintl phase with substantially higher figure of merit and efficiency than any other competing materials, opening a new class of thermoelectric compounds with remarkable chemical and physical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Non‐Peptide, Small Molecule Antagonists of α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors as Novel Analgesics for the Treatment of Neuropathic and Tonic Inflammatory Pain. (2011)

Abstract A series of azaaromatic quaternary ammonium analogues, e.g. (I) and (II), is discovered as potent and selective α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists.
A special parser for learning English composition - Error analysis &#x00026; learners' model for ILTS (2009)

By embedding the function of automatically correcting nearly free format English translations of given Japanese sentences, we have developed a new ILTS(intelligent language tutoring system) for improving English Writing Skills in a L2 tutoring environment. In addition to a diagnostic engine capable of identifying grammatical, lexical and word usage errors of students' input translations and returning error contingent feedback, we have developed a simple table look-up parser for displying the grammar trees. The table look-up parser parses a user input, which is always erronous, by simply matching the extended part-of-speech tag sequence of a closing sentence in a template of ILTS to the entries of a look-up-table, in which each extended part-of-speech tag array corresponds to one grammar tree. The complexity of the table look-up parser is O(n), where n denotes the length of a sentence. This shows a marked improvement over the general purpose parser of which the complexity is O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ).
Callatostatins: neuropeptides from the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria with sequence homology to cockroach allatostatins. (1993)

Five neuropeptides with C-terminal amino acid sequence homology to cockroach allatostatins have been identified in the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria. Three have the same pentapeptide C-terminal amino acid sequence as allatostatin 1 of the cockroach Diploptera punctata. A hexadecapeptide designated callatostatin 1, isolated from thoracic ganglia, brains, and heads, has the sequence Asp-Pro-Leu-Asn-Glu-Glu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Asn-Arg-Tyr-Gly-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2. Callatostatins 2 and 3 have been isolated from heads and thoracic ganglia, respectively; they comprise the last 14 and 8 residues of callatostatin 1. Callatostatin 4, isolated from thoracic ganglia, has the sequence Xaa-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2, where Xaa is either Asp or Asn. This peptide, with a serine substitution for glycine at position 5, has a C-terminal pentapeptide sequence identical to that of allatostatins 3 and 4 of D. punctata. Callatostatin 5, with the sequence Gly-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Asp-Phe-Gly-Met-NH2, was identified from whole flies. All five peptides inhibit juvenile hormone production by the corpora allata of D. punctata in vitro. Callatostatin 5 was the most potent allatostatin so far tested in this species, with maximum inhibition occurring at 1 nM. In contrast, none of the callatostatins or the allatostatins showed allatostatic activity in mature female C. vomitoria when tested at concentrations of 100 to 0.1 microM. In accordance with these results, immunoreactivity to an antiserum directed against the common C terminus of callatostatin 1 and allatostatin 1 was observed in the corpora allata of D. punctata but not in the corpus allatum of C. vomitoria, despite its presence in neurons of the brain. Neurons in the thoracic ganglion of C. vomitoria that are immunoreactive against this antiserum project to the hindgut, rectum, rectal papillae, and oviduct, suggestive of a function different from that of a true allatostatin.
Molecular Diffusion Calculations in Simulation of Gasfloods in Fractured Reservoirs (2017)

Abstract Molecular diffusion is a proven oil recovery mechanism in fractured reservoirs. Neglecting diffusion during the simulation of gas injections can lead to underestimated oil recoveries. This is particularly important in fractured reservoirs with low permeabilities. This paper presents the implementation of a diffusion model in a reservoir simulator. The implementation is verified with discrete fracture and dual-porosity model cases. The adopted diffusion model is based on irreversible thermodynamics. It uses full matrices of diffusion coefficients and chemical potential gradients as the driving force. To evaluate how much diffusion is dominant during fluid flow in fractured reservoirs, a form of the Péclet number is proposed as the ratio of characteristic times of diffusion to gravity drainage for a given reservoir and fluid properties. The incremental oil recovery from gas injection simulation results confirms the flow regime predicted by the Péclet number. This paper also examines the performance of simulations that involve diffusion by using various solution schemes, including explicit, fully implicit, and partially implicit methods. Optimal performance is achieved with the partially implicit method in which diffusion coefficients are updated at each timestep, while driving forces are updated inside Newton iterations. The simulation results also show that constant diffusivities might not provide a good representative for diffusion coefficients during gasflooding. They can cause oil recovery overestimation or underestimation. The authors demonstrate a technique to forgo diffusion calculations in the regions with convection-dominated flow regimes to help reduce computational time of the simulations involving diffusion. The speedup obtained for gas injection cases with a wide range of Péclet numbers is also examined.
Development of <sup>125</sup>I‐methylene blue for sentinel lymph node biopsy (2006)

The radiolabeled dye rapidly progresses through lymphatics to the draining nodes. Use of radiolabeled methylene blue may be an attractive alternative to current two-step sentinel node techniques, as it may be less painful, and may reduce the cost associated with the time-delay between the injection of the radioactive compound and surgery.
Fluid Flow in a Skewed Annulus (1996)

A novel, realistic treatment of annular flow in an oil well is developed. The fluid flow in an annuuls with an inclined or S-shaped inner pipe is considered. The model covers laminar and turbulent flow regimes and the results are experimentally verified. The study predicts axial and angular velocities and frictional pressure losses. The frictional pressure losses are shown to be higher than in the corresponding concentric annulus when the inner pipe is severely S-shaped. However, for typical drilling well geometries, the frictional pressure losses are found to approach the eccentric annular predictions asymptotically. Thus, the study finds the average eccentricity of a vertical or near vertical well, which is a difficult parameter for the engineer to estimate. The results of the study are of practical importance where high annular frictional pressure losses are encountered, such as in slim holes and coiled tubing operations. The frictional pressure losses in complex annular geometries are presented in an easily usable form.
Fully imidized soluble polyimides based on a novel dianhydride: 2,2′‐dichloro‐4,4′,5,5′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (1992)

Abstract We have synthesized a novel dianhydride, 2,2′‐dichloro‐4,4′,5,5′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DCBTDA). Polyimides were synthesized with DCBTDA or 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and several relatively rigid meta‐ and para‐ substituted mononuclear diamines. The BTDA based systems were insoluble in dipolar, aprotic solvents whereas the DCBTDA based polymers displayed enhanced solubility in these solvents. The thermal stability of these polyimides was excellent as measured by 5% weight loss decomposition. The T g 's of the polymers were all above 290°C.
<i>TMPRSS2:ETV4</i> Gene Fusions Define a Third Molecular Subtype of Prostate Cancer (2006)

Although common in hematologic and mesenchymal malignancies, recurrent gene fusions have not been well characterized in epithelial carcinomas. Recently, using a novel bioinformatic approach, we identified recurrent gene fusions between TMPRSS2 and the ETS family members ERG or ETV1 in the majority of prostate cancers. Here, we interrogated the expression of all ETS family members in prostate cancer profiling studies and identified marked overexpression of ETV4 in 2 of 98 cases. In one such case, we confirmed the overexpression of ETV4 using quantitative PCR, and by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, quantitative PCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, we show that the TMPRSS2 (21q22) and ETV4 (17q21) loci are fused in this case. This result defines a third molecular subtype of prostate cancer and supports the hypothesis that dysregulation of ETS family members through fusions with TMRPSS2 may be an initiating event in prostate cancer development.
A New Class of Photopolymer for Holographic Data Storage Media Based on Organometallic Matrix (2008)

New photopolymer materials were prepared with a view to achieving holographic data storage media of large dynamic range. For this purpose, organometallic compounds of high refractive index were used as a matrix, and organic compounds as photosensitive monomers. The organometallic matrix was obtained from transition metal– and silicon–alkoxides by modifying the sol–gel process. The matrix was combined with low refractive index monomers, and then the mixture was filled between glass substrates to fabricate recording media. These media showed M-number (M/#) of about 42 to 64 (per 1 mm thickness) when evaluated by a plane-wave tester equipped with a 407 nm laser diode. As for the sample which gave M/# of approximately 42, a raw data density of 76 Gbit/in.2 was achievable upon multiplex page-data recording by a coaxial optical system, in which a page-data volume was 56.8 kbit/page. In another experimental result, optimization of monomer structures brought about a shrinkage ratio of 0.08% as a mechanical volume change.
Development of Cu-Ag alloys conductor for high field magnet (1994)

Highly conductive materials with high strength have been required for the development of high field magnets such as the pulsed magnet. Compared with Cu-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, Cu-Be, Cu-Cr and Cu-Nb alloys, Cu-Ag alloys are very useful because of easiness in melting and casting. In addition, the alloys exhibit high strength, high conductivity and uniform characteristics by the proper combination of cold-working and heat-treatment. We manufactured the Cu-Ag alloys conductor (4/spl times/6 mm in cross section). The conductor has a tensile strength of 1000 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 80% IACS at room temperature, and this conductor is suitable for the high field pulsed magnet. It is also easy to handle the conductor in making a coil with a diameter of about /spl phi/20 mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Writing to and reading from a nano-scale crossbar memory based on memristors (2009)

We present a design study for a nano-scale crossbar memory system that uses memristors with symmetrical but highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics as memory elements. The memory is non-volatile since the memristors retain their state when un-powered. In order to address the nano-wires that make up this nano-scale crossbar, we use two coded demultiplexers implemented using mixed-scale crossbars (in which CMOS-wires cross nano-wires and in which the crosspoint junctions have one-time configurable memristors). This memory system does not utilize the kind of devices (diodes or transistors) that are normally used to isolate the memory cell being written to and read from in conventional memories. Instead, special techniques are introduced to perform the writing and the reading operation reliably by taking advantage of the nonlinearity of the type of memristors used. After discussing both writing and reading strategies for our memory system in general, we focus on a 64 x 64 memory array and present simulation results that show the feasibility of these writing and reading procedures. Besides simulating the case where all device parameters assume exactly their nominal value, we also simulate the much more realistic case where the device parameters stray around their nominal value: we observe a degradation in margins, but writing and reading is still feasible. These simulation results are based on a device model for memristors derived from measurements of fabricated devices in nano-scale crossbars using Pt and Ti nano-wires and using oxygen-depleted TiO(2) as the switching material.
Co-Crystalization and In Vitro Biological Characterization of 5-Aryl-4-(5-Substituted-2-4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-Thiadiazole Hsp90 Inhibitors (2012)

A potential therapeutic strategy for targeting cancer that has gained much interest is the inhibition of the ATP binding and ATPase activity of the molecular chaperone Hsp90. We have determined the structure of the human Hsp90α N-terminal domain in complex with a series of 5-aryl-4-(5-substituted-2-4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazoles. The structures provide the molecular details for the activity of these inhibitors. One of these inhibitors, ICPD 34, causes a structural change that affects a mobile loop, which adopts a conformation similar to that seen in complexes with ADP, rather than the conformation generally seen with the pyrazole/isoxazole-resorcinol class of inhibitors. Competitive binding to the Hsp90 N-terminal domain was observed in a biochemical assay, and these compounds showed antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis in the HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. These inhibitors also caused induction of the heat shock response with the upregulation of Hsp72 and Hsp27 protein expression and the depletion of Hsp90 clients, CRAF, ERBB2 and CDK4, thus confirming that antiproliferative activity was through the inhibition of Hsp90. The presence of increased levels of the cleavage product of PARP indicated apoptosis in response to Hsp90 inhibitors. This work provides a framework for the further optimization of thiadiazole inhibitors of Hsp90. Importantly, we demonstrate that the thiadiazole inhibitors display a more limited core set of interactions relative to the clinical trial candidate NVP-AUY922, and consequently may be less susceptible to resistance derived through mutations in Hsp90.
Nutrient Imbalances in Depressive Disorders Possible Brain Mechanismsa (1989)

We examined the utility of d-fenfluramine, a serotonin-releasing drug previously shown to diminish carbohydrate craving and weight gain in obese people, in treating patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a variant of depression that occurs each fall and winter and is usually associated with hyperphagia and carbohydrate craving. Eighteen patients participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 1986-1987, each receiving, in random order, d-fenfluramine (15 mg p.o. twice daily) or a placebo for four weeks, separated by a two-week washout period. Symptoms of SAD were assessed before and after each treatment period using clinical interviews by a psychiatrist, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDS) with a special SAD addendum (ADD). Subjects were also weighed. Patients' depression scores (mean +/- SEM) were identical before treatment with drug (20.9 +/- 1.3, HDS: 13.3 +/- 0.8 ADD) or placebo (21.4 +/- 1.2, HDS; 13.2 +/- 0.6 ADD). During placebo treatment, HDS scores declined by 22.6% (p less than 0.02) and ADD scores by 9% (p greater than 0.2). During d-fenfluramine treatment, HDS scores fell by 71% (p less than 0.0001) and ADD scores by 73% (p less than 0.0001). Thirteen of the subjects (72%) demonstrated complete reversal of their abnormal test scores on d-fenfluramine. In two others, test scores fell to normal levels with both the drug and its placebo; one subject responded only to placebo; and two failed to show therapeutic responses to either drug or placebo treatment. The group as a whole lost weight (1.2 kg) on d-fenfluramine (p less than 0.033) but not on placebo. A subsequent study on nine of the responders showed that improvements persisted for the full three-month duration of the SAD season. These results indicate that d-fenfluramine, a drug not previously identified as an antidepressant, may be useful in treating SAD. Moreover, since d-fenfluramine acts specifically to enhance serotonin-mediated neurotransmission, the data further suggest that serotonin is involved in both the affective and appetitive symptoms of SAD. Indeed, the carbohydrate craving of these patients may constitute a kind of substance abuse in which the nutrient is eaten precisely for its serotonin-mediated psychotropic effects.
Generation of Antitumor T Cells For Adoptive Cell Therapy With Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (2019)

Adoptive cell therapy with ex vivo expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or gene engineering T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is a promising treatment for cancer patients. This production utilizes T-cell activation and transduction with activation beads and RetroNectin, respectively. However, the high cost of production is an obstacle for the broad clinical application of novel immunotherapeutic cell products. To facilitate production we refined our approach by using artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) with receptors that ligate CD3, CD28, and the CD137 ligand (CD137L or 41BBL), as well as express the heparin binding domain (HBD), which binds virus for gene-transfer. We have used these aAPC for ex vivo gene engineering and expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and CAR T cells. We found that aAPCs can support efficacious T-cell expansion and transduction. Moreover, aAPCs expanded T cells exhibit higher production of IFN-γ and lower traits of T-cell exhaustion compared with bead expanded T cells. Our results suggest that aAPC provide a more physiological stimulus for T-cell activation than beads that persistently ligate T cells. The use of a renewable cell line to replace 2 critical reagents (beads and retronectin) for CAR T-cell production can significantly reduce the cost of production and make these therapies more accessible to patients.