gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of annealing and prior history on enthalpy relaxation in glassy polymers. 3. Experimental and modeling studies of polystyrene (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of annealing and prior history on enthalpy relaxation in glassy polymers. 3. Experimental and modeling studies of polystyreneIan M. Hodge and G. S. HuvardCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 3, 371–375Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00237a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00237a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views568Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel E-Mode GaN-on-Si MOSHEMT Using a Selective Thermal Oxidation (2010)

A novel normally-off AIN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOSHEMT) on 100-mm Si substrates for high-power applications is demonstrated for the first time by means of a selective thermal oxidation of AIN. The formation of a high-quality insulating AION layer resulting from the dry thermal oxidation of AIN at 900 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}\hbox{C}$</tex></formula> in oxygen has been identified by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The AIN thermal oxidation appears to be highly selective toward the SiN cap layer allowing the local depletion of the 2-D electron gas (self-aligned to the gate) and thus the achievement of normally-off operation. Threshold voltage ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \hbox{V}_{\rm T}$</tex></formula> ) of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$+$</tex></formula> 0.8 V and drain leakage current at <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{V}_{\rm GS}$</tex></formula> = 0 V well below 1 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{A/mm}$</tex></formula> are obtained reproducibly over the wafer. The comparison of the fabricated MOSHEMTs with the control sample (identical but nonoxidized) reveals a drastic shift of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{V}_{\rm T}$</tex></formula> toward positive values and three to four orders of magnitude drain leakage current reduction.
What is wrong with electric power theory and how it should be modified (1999)

In this paper, conventional AC power theory is fundamentally investigated and a new concept is presented. It is shown that reactive power, defined as the peak value of one of the oscillatory components of the instantaneous power, cannot be obtained in the frequency domain. The discrepancy between frequency and time domain results is presented. It is also shown that in the new concept, reactive power is determined in both time and frequency domains as an imaginary DC value, and the method is consistent for all system topologies. Apparent power is independent of the reference point voltage.
Somatic mutations of the WAF1/CIP1 gene in primary prostate cancer. (1995)

The WAF1/CIP1 gene, a potential tumor suppressor gene, has recently been cloned and identified as a p53 mediator and an inhibitor for G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). We undertook this study to investigate the possible role of the WAF1/CIP1 gene in human prostatic carcinoma. Matched normal and cancer tissues from 18 patients with prostate cancer were screened for WAF1/CIP1 mutation by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformational polymorphism (RT-PCR/SSCP) and DNA sequencing. Shifted bands from three tumor, but not the matched normal specimens, were observed. Subsequent direct DNA sequencing of the PCR fragments identified four sequence alterations including a cytosine (C) to adenine (A) transversion and a guanine (G) to A transition and two A insertions. Our results demonstrated that mutations of the WAF1/CIP1 gene occur and may be important during the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer. This is the first report of WAF1/CIP1 mutation in a primary human cancer.
Endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic stroke: an exploration from hypothesis to therapy (2015)

As the population ages and lifestyles change in concordance, the number of patients suffering from ischemic stroke and its associated disabilities is increasing. Studies on determining the relationship between endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and ischemic stroke have become a new hot spot and have reported that EPCs may protect the brain against ischemic injury, promote neurovascular repair, and improve long-term neurobehavioral outcomes. More importantly, they introduce a new perspective for prognosis assessment and therapy of ischemic stroke. However, EPCs' origin, function, influence factors, injury repair mechanisms, and cell-based therapy strategies remain controversial. Particularly, research conducted to date has less clinical studies than pre-clinical experiments on animals. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the current understanding of basic characteristics, influence factors, functions, therapeutic strategies, and disadvantages of EPCs as well as the regulation of inflammatory factors involved in the function and survival of EPCs after ischemic stroke. Identifying potential therapeutic effects of EPCs in ischemic stroke will be a challenging but an incredibly important breakthrough in neurology, which may bring promise for patients with ischemic stroke.
Handbook of Single Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2006)

Abstract Analytical measurements at the single molecule level under ambient conditions have become almost routine in the past few years. The application of this technology to fundamental studies of heterogeneity in biomolecular structure and dynamics, chemical and biological reaction kinetics and photophysics provides a rich playground for molecular scientists. The potential use of single molecule detection for nanotechnology and quantum information processing is a new and almost unexplored area. This handbook is intended for those interested in a practical introduction to single molecule investigations using fluorescence techniques and places special emphasis on the practicalities of achieving single molecule resolution, analysing the resulting data and exploration of the applications in biophysics. It is ideal for graduate research students and others embarking on work in this exciting field.
Analysis of Requirements for a Modern PWM Controller IC for Space Applications (2019)

In this paper, the requirements for a modern rad-hard PWM Controller IC are discussed considering the constraints and possibilities of IC design, manufacturing and testability as well as specifications resulting from technology trends. The base for this analysis are a customer survey and face-to-face discussions performed by the authors. The influences to the interface provided to the application have been concluded.
Photocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide with Water into Methane: Platinum and Copper(I) Oxide Co‐catalysts with a Core–Shell Structure (2013)

Binary co-catalysts of Pt and Cu2O with a core–shell structure significantly enhance the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O to CH4 and CO. The Cu2O shell provides sites for the preferential activation and conversion of CO2, whereas the Pt core extracts the photogenerated electrons from TiO2. The deposition of Cu2O shell on Pt nanoparticles markedly suppresses the reduction of H2O to H2 (see picture). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
On Future-Dependent Block Coding for Input-Restricted Channels (1979)

Consider a restricted channel whose constraints may be characterized by a finite state machine model. Conventional coding techniques for such channels result in codes where the choice of a word to be transmitted is only a function of the current state and the information to be represented by this word. This paper develops techniques for constructing codes where the code word choice may also depend on future information to be transmitted. It is shown that such future-dependent codes exist for channels and coding rates where no conventional code may be constructed.
MPEG-2 to HEVC Video Transcoding With Content-Based Modeling (2013)

This paper proposes an efficient MPEG-2 to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) video transcoder. The objective of the transcoder is to migrate the abundant MPEG-2 video content to the emerging HEVC video coding standard. The transcoder introduces a content-based machine learning solution to predict the depth of the HEVC coding units. The proposed transcoder utilizes full re-encoding to find a mapping between the incoming MPEG-2 coding information and the outgoing HEVC depths of the coding units. Once the model is built, a switch to transcoding mode occurs. Hence, the model is content based and varies from one video sequence to another. The transcoder is compared against full re-encoding using the default HEVC fast motion estimation. Using HEVC test sequences, it is shown that a speedup factor of up to 3 is achieved, while reducing the bitrate of the incoming video by around 50%. In comparison to full re-encoding, an average of 3.9% excessive bitrate is encountered with an average PSNR drop of 0.1 dB. Since this is the first work to report on MPEG-2 to HEVC video transcoding, the reported results can be used as a benchmark for future transcoding research.
Replacement metal gate extendible to 11 nm technology (2012)

This paper describes novel Co-Al metal fill capable of filling sub-10nm trenches. Co-Al fill shows advantages in threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> ) variation. The conductivity of the fill was evaluated using a Co-Al alloy conductance model. By demonstrating better V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> variability, superior conductivity and gap fill, Co-Al shows extendibility to the 11nm metal gate and beyond.
The NIH BRAIN Initiative (2013)

The NIH BRAIN Initiative will build on recent successes in neuroscience to create and apply new tools for understanding brain activity.
Parallel Carbon Nanotube Stripes in Polymer Thin Film with Remarkable Conductive Anisotropy (2014)

In our previous study ( Mao et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013 , 4 , 43 - 47 ), we proposed a novel method, that is, the shear-flow-induced hierarchical self-assembly of two-dimensional fillers (octadecylamine-functionalized graphene) into the well-ordered parallel stripes in a polymer matrix, to fabricate the anisotropic conductive materials. In this study, we extend this method to one-dimensional multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Under the induction of shear flow, the dispersed poly(styrene ethylene/butadiene-styrene) (SEBS) phase and MWCNTs can spontaneously assemble into well-ordered parallel stripes in the polypropylene (PP) thin film. The electrical measurements indicate that the electrical resistivity in the direction parallel to the stripes is almost 6 orders of magnitude lower than that in the perpendicular direction, which is by far the most striking conductive anisotropy for the plastic anisotropic conductive materials. In addition, it is found that the size of the MWCNT stripe as well as the electrical property of the resulting anisotropic conductive thin film can be well-controlled by the gap of the shear cell.
Ro 19-4603, A BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR INVERSE AGONIST, ATFENUATES VOLUNTARY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION IN RATS SELECTIVELY BRED FOR HIGH ETHANOL PREFERENCE (1990)

The effect of Ro 19-4603, a novel potent partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors, on voluntary ethanol intake was examined in a rat line selectively bred for ethanol preference (Sardinian ethanol preferring, sP, rats). Ro 19-4603, 1 mg/kg i.p., three times daily, reduced voluntary ethanol consumption by about 40% during 7 days of treatment, but failed to reduce water intake. The results suggest that the GABA/BZ receptor complex may play a role in the reinforcing property of ethanol.
CRISPRi and CRISPRa Screens in Mammalian Cells for Precision Biology and Medicine (2017)

Next-generation DNA sequencing technologies have led to a massive accumulation of genomic and transcriptomic data from patients and healthy individuals. The major challenge ahead is to understand the functional significance of the elements of the human genome and transcriptome, and implications for diagnosis and treatment. Genetic screens in mammalian cells are a powerful approach to systematically elucidating gene function in health and disease states. In particular, recently developed CRISPR/Cas9-based screening approaches have enormous potential to uncover mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for human diseases. The focus of this review is the use of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) for genetic screens in mammalian cells. We introduce the underlying technology and present different types of CRISPRi/a screens, including those based on cell survival/proliferation, sensitivity to drugs or toxins, fluorescent reporters, and single-cell transcriptomes. Combinatorial screens, in which large numbers of gene pairs are targeted to construct genetic interaction maps, reveal pathway relationships and protein complexes. We compare and contrast CRISPRi and CRISPRa with alternative technologies, including RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR nuclease-based screens. Finally, we highlight challenges and opportunities ahead.
Rescue of Glaucoma-Causing Mutant Myocilin Thermal Stability by Chemical Chaperones (2010)

Mutations in myocilin cause an inherited form of open angle glaucoma, a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder associated with increased intraocular pressure. Myocilin forms part of the trabecular meshwork extracellular matrix presumed to regulate intraocular pressure. Missense mutations, clustered in the olfactomedin (OLF) domain of myocilin, render the protein prone to aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum of trabecular meshwork cells, causing cell dysfunction and death. Cellular studies have demonstrated temperature-sensitive secretion of myocilin mutants, but difficulties in expression and purification have precluded biophysical characterization of wild-type (wt) myocilin and disease-causing mutants in vitro. We have overcome these limitations by purifying wt and select glaucoma-causing mutant (D380A, I477N, I477S, K423E) forms of the OLF domain (228-504) fused to a maltose binding protein (MBP) from E. coli . Monomeric fusion proteins can be isolated in solution. To determine the relative stability of wt and mutant OLF domains, we developed a fluorescence thermal stability assay without removal of MBP and provide the first direct evidence that mutated OLF is folded but less thermally stable than wt. We tested the ability of seven chemical chaperones to stabilize mutant myocilin. Only sarcosine and trimethylamine N-oxide were capable of shifting the melting temperature of all mutants tested to near that of wt OLF. Our work lays the foundation for the identification of tailored small molecules capable of stabilizing mutant myocilin and promoting secretion to the extracellular matrix, to better control intraocular pressure and to ultimately delay the onset of myocilin glaucoma.
Epitaxial Growth and Properties of Silicon on Crystalline Rare-Earth-Metal Oxide for SOI-Applications (2009)

Silicon on isolator technology decreases effects of parasitic capacitance and leakage between the circuit components that limit the density of transistors in the conventional bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor technology. There are several methods for fabrication of SOI substrates. Additional fabrication costs for SOI substrates limit application of this technology for production of main stream chips. New technological solutions and materials are needed. Two new approaches for fabrication of silicon on isolator structure with crystalline gadolinium oxide as buried oxide are studied. The first approach is based on the formation of a template single crystalline Si-layer and combines encapsulated solid-phase epitaxy of silicon on rare-earth-metal-oxide layer (developed for fabrication of oxide/silicon/oxide heterostructures), subsequent chemical etching of the second oxide layer, followed by vapor-phase epitaxial growth of silicon on the template-silicon layer. In the second method, crystalline single oriented silicon islands serve as seed for further epitaxial growth of a crystalline Si layer on gadolinium oxide. Structural investigations show that the overgrown silicon layer is structurally coherent with the template silicon layer with no distinguishable difference at the interface. Silicon-substrate/oxide/silicon heterostructure exhibits transition of the substrate crystalline structure with A/B/A twinning relationship and in A/B/B relationship in some regions. The initial stage of deposition of the template silicon is crucial for its structural quality.
A beat-by-beat analysis of electrocardiograms from cardiac transplant recipients (1991)

A software system is described for producing a beat-by-beat analysis of the electrocardiograms from patients after heart transplantation. Pacemaker spikes are automatically detected and eliminated from the signals. R waves are located by a robust and accurate two-step algorithm. Based on the variable length of single heart beats, the Fourier coefficients of three orthogonal surface leads and of two intracardiac leads are calculated beat-by-beat. Power spectra are then obtained by combining contributions from the variable fundamental frequency and its multiples (harmonics) into fixed frequency classes of 1 Hz width and averaging over 60-120 cardiac cycles. Additionally, averaged beat-by-beat power spectra are calculated for windowed QRS complexes and T waves. As by-products, single beat quantities, such as R-R and R-T intervals, averaged signals for all leads, and the orientational autocorrelation function of the electrical vector of the heart, are obtained. Following beat-by-beat evaluation, mean values and standard deviations are obtained for all quantities.
An Apparatus to Measure the Shape Memory Properties of Nitinol Tubes for Medical Applications (1995)

A new apparatus has been developed to characterize the shape memory properties of Nitinol tubes and stents. In tests run on this apparatus, the samples are deformed in the radial direction in the martensitic state to a prescribed outer-fiber strain. Recovery strain and force are monitored continuously on heating. Values of properties as measured on this apparatus are compared to corresponding values from three-point and four-point bending tests, as well as DSC. We have found that this is a fast and reliable system to test transformation temperatures and recovery forces of tubes and stents.
Tri-level-cell phase change memory (2013)

There are several emerging memory technologies looming on the horizon to compensate the physical scaling challenges of DRAM. Phase change memory (PCM) is one such candidate proposed for being part of the main memory in computing systems. One salient feature of PCM is its multi-level-cell (MLC) property, which can be used to multiply the memory capacity at the cell level. However, due to the nature of PCM that the value written to the cell can drift over time, PCM is prone to a unique type of soft errors, posing a great challenge for their practical deployment. This paper first quantitatively studied the current art for MLC PCM in dealing with the resistance drift problem and showed that the previously proposed techniques such as scrubbing or error correction mechanisms have significant reliability challenges to overcome. We then propose tri-level-cell PCM and demonstrate its ability to achieving 10 5 x lower soft error rate than four-level-cell PCM and 1.33 x higher information density than single-level-cell PCM. According to our findings, the tri-level-cell PCM shows 36.4% performance improvement over the four-level-cell PCM while achieving the soft error rate of DRAM.
A Tutorial on Satellite Graphics Systems (1976)

Satellite graphics terminals, which include a micro or minicomputer to perform interactive processing, present a number of advantages–not the least of which are accessibility and responsiveness. This paper describes two basic types of satellites and outlines techniques for best exploiting their capabilities.