gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc Mesh Cathodic Protection Systems (2000)

Abstract Over the years several forms of sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems have been developed and successfully used to provide corrosion control in marine environments. For more than a century cast anodes have been used to protect ship hulls, propellers and other exposed metal objects from corrosion in a purely galvanic mode. However it was not until recently, in the past twenty years, did researchers begin evaluating the potential benefits of applying sacrificial cathodic protection to steel and steel reinforced concrete structures that are environmentally exposed to marine corrosion. In most cases, solid zinc in the form of an expanded metal mesh has been the primary anode material used for controlling corrosion in splash zones of substructures in marine environments. Zinc mesh anodes are manufactured using 99.99% pure special high grade zinc ingot and alloyed with small amounts of trace elements for improving anode performance and creating better formability (see Table 1). The relatively pure composition is essential for the electrochemical behavior of the anode to operate in a purely galvanic mode. The alloying elements are key to controlling intergranular corrosion behavior as well as creating a more workable substrate for processability to an end product. The most recent mesh configuration is a result of several studies related to optimizing critical anode mass and available surface area. The end result is a system that delivers long term, uninterrupted sacrificial cathodic protection to steel and steel reinforced concrete structures in marine environments. In many cases it has been very advantageous to incorporate zinc mesh anodes into basic concrete repair practices; such as integral pile jacketing, for a complete rehabilitation strategy. To date, this has been the most effective and economical way to restore concrete section loss and provide maintenance-free cathodic protection in a single operation. Since these systems operate in a galvanic mode, they are ideal for remote installation sites where maintenance, access and utility sources are not convenient or are unavailable. All the systems discussed in this paper amply supply in excess of 100 mV of polarization.
A potent analog of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> selectively induces bone formation (2002)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] is a principal regulator of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis through actions on intestine, kidney, and bone. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is not considered to play a significant role in bone formation, except for its role in supporting mineralization. We report here on the properties of 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) (2MD), a highly potent analog of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) that induces bone formation both in vitro and in vivo. Selectivity for bone was first demonstrated through the observation that 2MD is at least 30-fold more effective than 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in stimulating osteoblast-mediated bone calcium mobilization while being only slightly more potent in supporting intestinal calcium transport. 2MD is also highly potent in promoting osteoblast-mediated osteoclast formation in vitro, a process essential to both bone resorption and formation. Most significantly, 2MD at concentrations as low as 10(-12) M causes primary cultures of osteoblasts to produce bone in vitro. This effect is not found with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) even at 10(-8) M, suggesting that 2MD might be osteogenic in vivo. Indeed, 2MD (7 pmol/day) causes a substantial increase (9%) in total body bone mass in ovariectomized rats over a 23-week period. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (500 pmol three times a week) only prevented the bone loss associated with ovariectomy and did not increase bone mass. These results indicate that 2MD is a potent bone-selective analog of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) potentially effective in treating bone loss diseases.
Shock consolidation of diamond and graphite mixtures to fused polycrystalline diamond (1988)

The production of fused compacts of polycrystalline diamond was achieved by subjecting porous (35%–49% porosity) mixtures of diamond crystals plus graphite (13–16 wt. %) to dynamic shock pressures of 10–18 GPa. The recovered material from an initial mixture of 4–8-μm diamond crystals plus graphite revealed a very homogeneous texture with little evidence of original grain boundaries. The preconsolidation addition of graphite also allowed ultrafine (&lt;5 μm) diamond crystals to be consolidated; this was not previously possible with the use of diamond crystals alone. The results are consistent with calculations which suggest that a thin layer of graphite surrounding a diamond crystal delays thermal equilibrium between the surface and interior of the diamond crystal, thus allowing greater surface heating. Consolidation is also probably enhanced by conversion of graphite to diamond, possibly via the liquid state.
Molecular circuits of apoptosis regulation and cell division control: The survivin paradigm (2004)

The coupling of cell proliferation to cell death is thought to function as a pivotal crossroad, essential to preserve normal homeostasis and to eliminate dangerous cells before they divide. Survivin is a prototype molecule at this crossroad, intercalated in protection against mitochondrial cell death and orchestrating various aspects of cell division. Dramatically exploited in cancer and an unfavorable gene signature for disease outcome, the survivin pathway has now provided tangible opportunities for targeted, rational cancer therapy.
Growth of 2<i>H</i>-SiC on 6<i>H</i>-SiC by pulsed laser ablation (1994)

A 2H-SiC thin film has been grown on a 6H-SiC substrate by laser ablation using an excimer laser. The deposition of 2H-SiC film occurred in a high vacuum system (≊10−6 Torr) with the substrate temperature near 1200 °C. Plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to measure the lattice parameters and to identify the polytype. Cross-sectional TEM images clearly show the symmetry of the film as c-axis oriented 2H-SiC containing columnar grains with an average diameter of 20 nm and a length of 100 nm.
<title>Computer-aided diagnosis of lesions on multimodality images of the breast</title> (2001)

We have developed computerized methods for the analysis of lesions that combine results from different imaging modalities, in this case digitized mammograms and sonograms of the breast, for distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions. The computerized classification method -- applied here to mass lesions seen on both digitized mammograms and sonograms, includes: (1) automatic lesion extraction, (2) automated feature extraction, and (3) automatic classification. The results for both modalities are then merged into an estimate of the likelihood of malignancy. For the mammograms, computer-extracted lesion features include degree of spiculation, margin sharpness, lesion density, and lesion texture. For the ultrasound images, lesion features include margin definition, texture, shape, and posterior acoustic attenuation. Malignant and benign lesions are better distinguished when features from both mammograms and ultrasound images are combined.
Design and Analysis of an Axial Flux Magnetically Geared Generator (2016)

Axial flux magnetically geared machines offer the potential to achieve exceptional torque densities at high diameters. This paper proposes a topology for an axial flux magnetically geared machine, in which the electric machine is placed in the bore of the axial flux magnetic gear. This new topology offers the advantage of correctly matching the size of the electric machine to its required torque without increasing the volume of the system beyond that of the magnetic gear. A proof-of-concept prototype with a torque density of 7.8 kN · m/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> was designed, fabricated, and tested to evaluate the novel topology. A less conservative alternate design capable of achieving 60.6 kN · m/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> was also simulated to demonstrate the topology's potential for high torque densities, and even higher torque densities can be reached at larger scale designs.
Antibiotic production and biocontrol activity by Bacillus subtilis CL27 and Bacillus pumilus CL45 (1995)

Bacillus subtilis CL27 and B. pumilus CL45 showed similar activity against Botrytis cinerea in in vitro plate assays. In a seedling bioassay, however, B. subtilis CL27 had activity similar to a commercial fungicide while B. pumilus CL45 failed completely to prevent seedling damping-off caused by Bot. cinerea. Antibiotic production by the two Bacillus strains was found to depend on the growth substrate and highest antibiotic production was found on media based on homogenized cabbage tissue. Antibiotic activity was found to depend on the pH and nutrient concentration in the assay medium. Antifungal antibiotics produced by B. subtilis CL27 and B. pumilus CL45 in different fermentation media were separated by thin layer chromatography. As suspected from the activity spectrum, three antibiotics (one with activity against Alternaria brassicicola, one with activity against Botrytis cinerea and one with activity against both fungi) could be detected in the fermentation broth of CL27, but only one in the fermentation broth of CL45. The two antibiotics produced by strain CL27 with activity against A. brassicicola were identified as peptides since their bands on the TLC plates developed a green to blue/green colour after treatment with 4,4'-tetramethyldiamino-diphenylmethane (TDM) reagent. The third antibiotics produced by strain CL27 and antibiotic produced by CL45 had a similar Rf-value and appeared not to be peptides based on the reaction with TDM. However, they showed a slightly different activity spectrum when tested against a range of different fungi. Antibiotic production was clearly indicated as the mode of action of in vivo biocontrol by strain CL27 against damping off caused by Bot. cinerea of Astilbe micro-plants, because a u.v.-induced antibiotic negative mutant strain CL27b showed no activity in seedling bioassays in vivo. Also the mutant strain CL27a which produced the two peptide antibiotics but had lost the ability to produce the non-peptide antibiotic, showed greatly reduced in vivo activity.
Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals in Southern China (2003)

A novel coronavirus (SCoV) is the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SCoV-like viruses were isolated from Himalayan palm civets found in a live-animal market in Guangdong, China. Evidence of virus infection was also detected in other animals (including a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides) and in humans working at the same market. All the animal isolates retain a 29-nucleotide sequence that is not found in most human isolates. The detection of SCoV-like viruses in small, live wild mammals in a retail market indicates a route of interspecies transmission, although the natural reservoir is not known.
Trajectory modeling for automated en route air traffic control (AERA) (2005)

AERA (Automated En Route Air traffic control) is a continuing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) program to increase system capacity, safety, and the granting of user-preferred trajectories (e.g., direct routes) to airspace users. A cornerstone of AERA is its trajectory modeler: the model predictions may be displayed graphically to the controller on the AERA Future Situation Display, and are used to provide strategic (up to 20 min.) detection of aircraft-to-aircraft conflicts. This paper provides an overview of the AERA Trajectory Modeler, as currently envisaged for field implementation in the late 1990s. It is divided into 4 sections, dealing (in turn) with 1) initial trajectory construction, 2) the maintenance of the trajectory as the flight progresses, 3) sources of modeling error, and 4) the application to air traffic control.
Waiting for Act 2: what lies beyond organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays for organic electronics? (2020)

Abstract Organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays are now poised to be the dominant mobile display technology and are at the heart of the most attractive televisions and electronic tablets on the market today. But this begs the question: what is the next big opportunity that will be addressed by organic electronics? We attempt to answer this question based on the unique attributes of organic electronic devices: their efficient optical absorption and emission properties, their ability to be deposited on ultrathin foldable, moldable and bendable substrates, the diversity of function due to the limitless palette of organic materials and the low environmental impact of the materials and their means of fabrication. With these unique qualities, organic electronics presents opportunities that range from lighting to solar cells to medical sensing. In this paper, we consider the transformative changes to electronic and photonic technologies that might yet be realized using these unconventional, soft semiconductor thin films.
A Phase-Based Audio Watermarking System Robust to Acoustic Path Propagation (2014)

Today, comparing audio watermarking systems remain a challenge due to the lack of publicly-available reference algorithms. In addition, robustness against acoustic path transmission is only occasionally evaluated. This jeopardizes the chances of digital watermarking to be adopted in the context of applications where such a feature is vital, e.g., second screen, audience measurement, and so on. In this paper, we introduce a rather simple audio watermarking algorithm, whose source code has been publicized for potential reuse by the watermarking community. We then complement this baseline system with three additional components, namely a psychoacoustic model, a resynchronization framework, and an improved correlation-based detector. Reported experimental results clearly demonstrate that the resulting high-fidelity audio watermarking system manages to survive the acoustic path.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of R(+)-FIDA2: a dopamine D2-like imaging agent. (1995)

These studies indicate that R(+)-FIDA2 may be a useful ligand for in vitro pharmacological characterization and in vivo imaging of CNS dopamine D2-like receptors.
Feature statistical retrieval applied to content-based copy identification (2005)

In many image or video retrieval systems, the search for similar objects in the database includes a spatial access method to a multidimensional feature space. This step is generally considered as a problem independent of the features and the similarity type. The well known multidimensional nearest neighbor search has also been widely studied by the database community as a generic method. We propose a novel strategy dedicated to pseudo-invariant features retrieval and more specifically applied to content based copy identification. The range of a query is computed during the search according to deviation statistics between original and observed features. Furthermore, this approximate search range is directly mapped onto a Hilbert space-filling curve, allowing an efficient access to the database. Experimental results give excellent response times for very large databases both on synthetic and real data. This work is used in a TV monitoring system including more than 13000 hours of video in the reference database.
Low-complexity high throughput VLSI architecture of soft-output ML MIMO detector (2010)

In this paper a VLSI architecture of a high throughput and high performance soft-output (SO) MIMO detector (the recently presented Layered ORthogonal Lattice Detector, LORD) is presented. The baseline implementation includes optimal (i.e. maximum-likelihood -- ML -- in the max-log sense) SO generation. A reduced complexity variant of the SO generation stage is also described. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed architecture is the first VLSI implementation of a max-log ML MIMO detector which includes QR decomposition and SO generation, having the latter a deterministic very high throughput thanks to a fully parallelizable structure, and parameterizability in terms of both the number of transmit and receive antennas, and the supported modulation orders. The two designs achieve a very high throughput making them particularly suitable for MIMO-OFDM systems like e.g. IEEE 802.11n WLANs: the most demanding requirements are satisfied at a reasonable cost of area and power consumption.
Innovative Head-Mounted System Based on Inertial Sensors and Magnetometer for Detecting Falling Movements (2020)

This work presents a fall detection system that is worn on the head, where the acceleration and posture are stable such that everyday movement can be identified without disturbing the wearer. Falling movements are recognized by comparing the acceleration and orientation of a wearer's head using prespecified thresholds. The proposed system consists of a triaxial accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer; as such, a Madgwick's filter is adopted to improve the accuracy of the estimation of orientation. Moreover, with its integrated Wi-Fi module, the proposed system can notify an emergency contact in a timely manner to provide help for the falling person. Based on experimental results concerning falling movements and activities of daily living, the proposed system achieved a sensitivity of 96.67% in fall detection, with a specificity of 98.27%, and, therefore, is suitable for detecting falling movements in daily life.
Azatides as Peptidomimetics: Solution and Liquid Phase Syntheses (2003)

Peptidomimetics have become immensely important for both organic and medicinal chemists (1). The alteration of peptides to peptidomimetics has included peptide side chain manipulations, amino acid extensions (2), deletions (3), substitutions (1a,b), and most recently backbone modifications (4). It is this latter development that has been exploited for the synthesis of biomimetic polymeric structures. Such progress has been fueled by the suggestion that peptidomimetics may provide novel scaffolds for the generation of macromolecules with new properties of both biological and chemical interest (4).
<title>Minimizing the influence of fundus pigmentation on retinal vessel oximetry measurements</title> (2001)

The goal of making calibrated oxygen saturation measurements of blood in retinal arteries and veins via a noninvasive spectroscopic technique has nearly been realized. Semi-continuous advancement in the field of retinal vessel oximetry over the last three decades has resulted in several technologies that seem poised for commercialization. In this paper, we present our instrumentation and technique for making well-calibrated saturation measurements of the blood in retinal vessels. The Eye Oximeter (EOX) is a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope capable of acquiring multi-spectral images. Analysis of these spectral vessel images allows spectroscopic determination of the oxygen saturation of blood within each vessel. The primary emphasis of this paper is to illustrate the effect of fundus pigmentation on these oximetric measurements. We show that decreasing fundus reflectivity is mathematically similar to decreasing the vessel thickness. The apparent decreased vessel thickness is a direct consequence of scattering by red blood cells. We present in vitro and in vivo measurements that demonstrate an instrument calibration that is nearly independent of vessel diameter and fundus reflectivity.
Media Independent Pre-authentication supporting fast-handoff in PMIPv6 (2007)

This document describes a proactive mechanism to provide fast-
handover involving PMIPv6. In particular, it describes how one can
achieve fast handoff for PMIPv6 using Media-independent Pre-
Authentication (MPA) technique. It discusses the need for a fast-
handoff for PMIPv6 environment. It then describes how MPA techniques
could be used during different steps involving both intra-domain and
inter-domain handoff for PMIPv6. MPA-based fast-handover takes
advantage of the pre-authentication mechanism so that the mobile can
perform the access authentication while in the previous local mobility
(PMA) domain and thus would be able to complete many of the handoff
related operations while still in the previous network.
Forecasting Cycles of Seizure Likelihood (2019)

SUMMARY Objective Seizure unpredictability is rated as one of the most challenging aspects of living with epilepsy. Seizure likelihood can be influenced by a range of environmental and physiological factors that are difficult to measure and quantify. However, some generalizable patterns have been demonstrated in seizure onset. A majority of people with epilepsy exhibit circadian rhythms in their seizure times and many also show slower, multiday patterns. Seizure cycles can be measured using a range of recording modalities, including self-reported electronic seizure diaries. This study aimed to develop personalized forecasts from a mobile seizure diary app. Methods Forecasts based on circadian and multiday seizure cycles were tested pseudo-prospectively using data from 33 app users (mean of 103 seizures per subject). Individual’s strongest cycles were estimated from their reported seizure times and used to derive the likelihood of future seizures. The forecasting approach was validated using self-reported events and electrographic seizures from the Neurovista dataset, an existing database of long-term electroencephalography that has been widely used to develop forecasting algorithms. Results The validation dataset showed that forecasts of seizure likelihood based on self-reported cycles were predictive of electrographic seizures. Forecasts using only mobile app diaries allowed users to spend an average of 62.8% of their time in a low-risk state, with 16.6% of their time in a high-risk warning state. On average, 64.5% of seizures occurred during high-risk states and less than 10% of seizures occurred in low-risk states. Significance Seizure diary apps can provide personalized forecasts of seizure likelihood that are accurate and clinically relevant for electrographic seizures. These results have immediate potential for translation to a prospective seizure forecasting trial using a mobile diary app. It is our hope that seizure forecasting apps will one day give people with epilepsy greater confidence in managing their daily activities.
Enhanced Electroluminescence from Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with an Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Host Layer (2018)

The development of host materials with high performance is essential for fabrication of efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although host materials used in OLEDs are typically organics, in this study, it is shown that the organic-inorganic perovskite CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbCl<sub>3</sub> (MAPbCl<sub>3</sub> ) can be used as a host layer for OLEDs. Vacuum-evaporated MAPbCl<sub>3</sub> films have a wide band gap of about 3 eV and very high and relatively balanced hole and electron mobilities, which are suitable for the host material. Photoluminescence and electroluminescence take place through energy transfer from MAPbCl<sub>3</sub> to an organic emitter in films. Incorporation of an MAPbCl<sub>3</sub> host layer into OLEDs leads to a reduction of driving voltage and enhancement of external quantum efficiency as compared to devices with a conventional organic host layer. Additionally, OLEDs with an MAPbCl<sub>3</sub> host layer demonstrate very good operational stability under continuous current operation. These results can be extensively applied to organic- and perovskite-based optoelectronics.