gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Noise Charge-Coupled Device (1991)

Same quantity measured many times to reduce uncertainty. Skipper charge-coupled device (CCD) underlines development of new class of imaging detectors exhibiting exceptionally low readout noise. Operates on nondestructive-readout scheme combined with other advances in CCD technology to reduce average readout noise to less than 1 electron rms. Concept has potential for improving video images made at ultra-low light levels, involving only few incoming photons per picture element (pixel).
A Multi-Compartment Model Capturing the Pharmacokinetics of the Calcimimetic Cinacalce (2019)

The model compartments are physiological meaningful and can be easily adjusted to various conditions like impaired hepatic clearance or different drug administration regimens. Moreover, the model can be easily adapted to specific patient groups.
NMR of Reinforced Elastomers: Part II. The Influence of Carbon Black Dispersion (1982)

Abstract 1. NMR measurements can provide a fast and efficient monitor of the incorporation and dispersion of carbon black in a reinforced rubber compound. Tests can be carried out at all stages of processing, including masterbatch stock. 2. The technique provides a determination of the fraction of polymer which is bonded to the surface of the carbon black particles. Within a specific formulation, there is reasonably good correlation between the percentage of bonded polymer, determined by NMR, and the degree of dispersion of carbon black determined optically. 3. Bonded polymer formation is sensitive to carbon black type and to the nature of the host elastomer. In comparison of different formulations, there is no correlation between the fraction of bonded polymer and the dispersion of the black. However, carbon black-rubber attachments are fundamental to the phenomenon of reinforcement and, in this respect, NMR bonded-polymer measurements can provide a valuable probe for the investigation of reinforcement. 4. Samples taken from large internal mixers (capacity 200 kg) show that compound inhomogeneity on a gross scale necessitates multiple sampling in order to give an assessment of the average quality of the mix, irrespective of the technique used.
Instruction-based system-level power evaluation of system-on-a-chip peripheral cores (2002)

Various core-based power evaluation approaches for microprocessors, caches, memories and buses have been proposed in the past. We propose a new power evaluation technique that is targeted toward peripheral cores. Our approach is the first to combine for peripherals both gate-level-obtained power data with a system-level simulation model written in an object-oriented language. Our approach decomposes peripheral functionality into so-called instructions. The approach can be applied with three increasingly fast methods: system simulation, trace simulation or trace analysis. We show that our models are sufficiently accurate in order to make power-related system-level design decisions but at a computation time that is orders of magnitude faster than a gate-level simulation.
The eddy-current technique for nondestructive evaluation of generator retaining rings: Feasibility study: Interim report (1988)

An evaluation of the feasibility of using eddy current nondestructive inspection techniques to detect intergranular stress corrosion in generator rotor retaining rings was conducted by the EPRI NDE Center. Experiments were conducted using a bend-bar containing representative stress corrosion damage, a calibration block containing electrical discharge machined (EDM) notches, and four retired retaining rings containing EDM notches and stress corrosion damage. An eddy current transducer transport was designed and fabricated to interface with an existing computer-controlled, two-axis positioner and digital eddy current data acquisition system. Test results of experiments performed with this equipment on the retaining ring test-bed provided experimental validation of the eddy current method's feasibility as a retaining ring inspection method. Details are given of the system and its performance under laboratory and simulated service-inspection conditions. 9 refs., 47 figs.
A New Algorithm for Analysis of NMR Logging Data (1998)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging has become an important input to formation evaluation. T2 spectra calculated from pulse-echo trains are the basic building blocks for further analysis. This paper discusses the influence of acquisition parameters such as inter-echo spacing, echo train length, and noise on T2 resolution. The latest generation of pulse-echo logging tools allows to simultaneously record different NMR data for optimized wellsite efficiency. A new method is presented to merge these different raw echo trains into a single combined echo train. The result is a data set that is optimized with respect to T2 resolution. This echo train can be processed in an efficient way. This paper presents laboratory and field-test data, recorded with a new generation, multi-volume NMR logging tool, demonstrating that the new algorithm is fast, stable, and yields accurate results.
Optical implementation of systolic array processing (1981)

Algorithms for matrix vector multiplication are implemented using acousto-optic cells for multiplication and input data transfer and using charge coupled devices detector arrays for accumulation and output of the results. No two dimensional matrix mask is required; matrix changes are implemented electronically. A system for multiplying a 50 component nonnegative real vector by a 50 by 50 nonnegative real matrix is described. Modifications for bipolar real and complex valued processing are possible, as are extensions to matrix-matrix multiplication and multiplication of a vector by multiple matrices.
Low-Temperature Molten Sodium Batteries (2020)

Low-temperature molten sodium batteries show remarkable promise as the kind of low-cost, large-scale, reliable energy storage technology which is key to enabling a sustainable, safe, and resilient electric grid. Here, we describe a combination of cathode chemistry and engineered interfaces needed to reduce the molten sodium battery operating temperature from ∼300 °C to near 100 °C. This approach involves the development of a fully molten, inorganic sodium battery comprising a sodium anode, a NaSICON (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) solid electrolyte separator, and a sodium iodide/aluminum bromide liquid catholyte operated at 110 °C. Battery performance is greatly improved by the application of a Sn coating on the anode-facing side of the NaSICON electrolyte and by the activation of a carbon felt current collector, together enabling the low-temperature molten sodium battery to achieve 200 cycles at 110 °C. The advancement of the low operating temperature molten sodium battery shows promise as a low-cost, large-scale energy storage system.
Single-shot low coherence pointwise measuring interferometer with potential for in-line inspection (2016)

Low-coherence-interferometry (LCI) is a well-known optical metrology technique which offers high resolution and a low measurement uncertainty. For the inspection of dynamic and fast processes, single-shot point sensors can show their full capability. Therefore, a new approach of an interferometer is presented, allowing an single-shot acquisition of a LCI signal. The presented concept is based on tilted wavefronts to generate a spatial modulated interferogram. Using a three faceted mirror (TFM) in the reference path, a virtual field point is generated leading to a tilted planar reference wavefront in the pupil plane of the telecentric objective lens. Three mirror surfaces, which are diamond milled out of a monolithic copper cube, are applied to guarantee a stable TFM geometry, resulting in an invariant reference field point position.
High-efficiency secondary-electron emission from sputtered MgO–Au cermets (1973)

We have obtained high-efficiency secondary-electron emission from a new sputtered cermet system, MgO–Au. Peak yields of 8 and quantum gain for primary-electron energies as low as 17 eV have been achieved on thick films without the presence of surface charging. The very small insulator particle sizes (&lt; 50 Å) in the films permit removal of surface charge by tunneling to adjacent metallic regions. This type of emitter is potentially useful for secondary-emitting cathodes in high-power device applications as well as low-power electron multiplication.
UCSF/LLNL high resolution digital mammogram library (2002)

Several institutions have developed algorithms for detection of microcalcifications as indicators of possible malignancy in digital mammograms. Relative sensitivity and specificity of these different algorithms has been difficult to evaluate because they have been tested on a variety of mammograms of varying pixel resolution and pathology. We present a library of mammograms digitized at 35 micrometers for evaluating the relative performance of calcification detection programs. The goal is to have authors of various algorithms present their results at the IEEE/EMB conference next year.
Preparation of (R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) propionic acid by biotransformation (1996)

With Beauveria bassiana Lu 700 as biocatalyst an ecologically beneficial process has been developed for the production of (R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) propionic acid. The fungal strain used in this process, B. bassiana Lu 700, is also a very suitable catalyst for the selective monohydroxylation of other aromatic carboxylic acids.
Isolation and functional characterization of a cotton ubiquitination-related promoter and 5'UTR that drives high levels of expression in root and flower tissues (2011)

uceA1.7 is a strong constitutive regulatory sequence composed of a promoter (uceApro2) and its 5'UTR that will be useful in genetic transformation of dicots, having high potential to drive high levels of transgene expression in crops, particularly for traits desirable in flower and root tissues.
Abstract 1880: PDL1-targeted CD28 costimulatory bispecific antibodies enhance T cell activation in solid tumors (2021)

Abstract T cells in the tumor micro-environment require TCR/MHC engagement and co-stimulatory receptor engagement to achieve complete activation. Tumor cells lack expression of CD28 ligands, so we hypothesized that activation of CD28 signaling at the T cell/tumor cell interface could enhance anti-tumor activity. We designed PDL1 x CD28 bispecific antibodies that conditionally costimulate CD28 only in the presence of PDL1 and TCR engagement. As PD(L)1 signaling has been shown to directly inhibit CD28 costimulation, this novel bispecific modality has potential to promote CD28 costimulation while simultaneously preventing the suppression of the same signal. We designed a set of stability-optimized anti-CD28 antibodies that can be paired with anti-PDL1 antibodies to engage both PDL1 and CD28 monovalently using Xencor's XmAb® 1+1 bispecific antibody platform. In vitro T cell activation with these bispecifics was measured by T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity, in co-cultures of human cancer cell lines mixed with primary human CD3-stimulated T cells. In vitro activity was validated in a CMV recall assay measuring CMV+ T cell proliferation of CMV+ PBMC co-cultured with cancer cell lines ectopically treated with pp65-derived NLV-peptide. In vivo activity was determined with hCD28 humanized mice inoculated with MC38 tumors stably expressing hPDL1-antigen. Finally, safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics of PDL1 x CD28 were determined in cynomolgus monkeys. PDL1 x CD28 bispecifics were generated by incorporating an anti-PDL1 mAb capable of blocking PDL1-PD1 interaction and anti-CD28 scFv covering a range of affinities. Multiple PDL1 x CD28 antibodies enhanced T cell degranulation, cytokine secretion, and cancer cell cytotoxicity in concert with CD3 stimulation only in the presence of PDL1. PDL1 x CD28 enhanced proliferation of CMV+ T cells recognizing cancer cells loaded with pp65-derived NLV peptide. In hCD28 mice inoculated with MC38 tumors expressing hPDL1, PDL1 x CD28 inhibited tumor growth significantly greater than an anti-PDL1 antibody alone. PDL1 x CD28 was well tolerated in cynomolgus monkeys. PDL1 x CD28 bispecific antibodies show promising anti-tumor activity and warrant further development. Citation Format: Gregory L. Moore, Veronica Zeng, Juan Diaz, Christine Bonzon, Kendra N. Avery, Ruschelle Love, Matthew Dragovich, Rumana Rashid, Michael Hackett, Irene W. Leung, Jing Qi, Charles G. Bakhit, Umesh S. Muchhal, Norman J. Barlow, John R. Desjarlais, Michael Hedvat. PDL1-targeted CD28 costimulatory bispecific antibodies enhance T cell activation in solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1880.
MPEG-4 AVC Video Traffic Smoothing for Broadband Cable Networks (2008)

This paper presents a new rate-limited traffic smoothing algorithm for MPEG-4 AVC video traffic suitable for switched digital video cable deployments. It will be shown that the algorithm reduces bit rate variability and offers high buffer utilization. Such a smoothing algorithm can also minimize packet losses due to buffer overflows at the STB.
Iron Homeostasis Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Acute Kidney Injury (2018)

To avoid damage from iron-mediated oxidative injury or ferroptosis, multiple defense mechanisms exist including iron binding proteins and robust glutathione-dependent intracellular pathways. Hepcidin, through its ability to sequester iron within macrophages and induce H-ferritin, serves as an endogenous protective molecule against ferroptosis. Key Messages: Recent studies have demonstrated the protective role of hepcidin in both ischemic reperfusion injury and heme-mediated models of acute kidney injury (AKI). Ferroptosis-inhibiting drugs and hepcidin offer exciting novel prospects to treat AKI.
Lumii (2016)

In this emerging technology demonstration, we show that computational display methods can be used to create hologram-like 3D images on thin, printed surfaces using standard inkjet processes. Participants will receive a light field print of their own 3D-scanned face, created on-site using an inkjet printer. The computed patterns used in creating the print will also be made available to attendees, who will be able to create additional copies at home. The demonstration uses methods that represent a major step forward in the lineage of results presented previously at SIGGRAPH regarding the close integration of light field displays and optimization methods, which have previously been shown to outperform holograms as well as lens-based discretized light field displays in complexity and cost. The enabling innovation behind the demonstration is an improvement in both resolution and pop-out-to-thickness ratio, which allows for printed light field display surfaces that are a fraction of the thickness of the virtual image being displayed.
Efficient Synthesis of Ganglioside GM2 for Use in Cancer Vaccines (1997)

A target antigen for cancer immunotherapy, ganglioside GM2, is expressed on the cell surface of several human cancer types. An efficient chemical synthesis can now make available ample amounts of a structurally well-defined synthetic GM2, free of biological contaminants. This greatly facilitates the systematic construction of safe and efficient GM2 cancer vaccines.
Dip pen nanolithography and its potential for nanoelectronics (2005)

Dip pen nanolithography (DPN/spl trade/) is a patterning technique for nanoscale science and engineering based on scanning probe microscopy. Its main advantages are very high resolution, the unique capability to deposit many different materials directly onto a substrate and low cost of ownership. We present here new research and development efforts that demonstrate the potential of DPN as a tool to produce nanoelectronic devices and circuits. We show the direct deposition of electronic materials as well as the use of external accessories to accelerate the development phase of nanoelectronic components.
Silver--zinc electric storage cells. [semipermeable membrane as separator] (1974)

A rechargeable silver--zinc electric storage cell is described which comprises a casing enclosing a silver electrode and a zinc electrode, a separator comprising an imperforate semi-permeable membrane disposed between the electrodes, and an electrolyte. The membrane is sealed to the casing so that the only ion path between the electrodes is through the membrane. The imperforate semi-permeable membrane comprises a laminate of plies of semipermeable oriented foil material bonded together with the electrolyte, with some of the plies arranged cross-wise relative to another ply of the membrane.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS. PYRIDO(4,3‐B)(1,4)OXAZINES AND PYRIDO(4,3‐B)(1,4)THIAZINES (1984)

Abstract Durch Hydrolyse des Pyridinderivats (I) zum entsprechenden Hydroxypyridin und dessen anschließende Hydrierung erhält man das Aminohydroxy‐pyridin (l1), das mit den Halogenketonen (III) zu den Heterocyclen (IV) cyclisiert.
Experiences and future plans in monitoring the inter-area power oscillation damping (2008)

This paper first describes what kind of inter-area oscillations there exist in the Nordic power system and in what kind of situations they affect the power transfer capacity. The paper also describes the actions already taken in order to improve the damping of the oscillations and the efforts at online-monitoring of the damping level. The results of a two yearpsilas monitoring period imply that one should have different approaches to frequent small and infrequent large power oscillations. The first one of these is more difficult in nature and requires system-wide synchronised phasor measurements combined with a solid mathematical method to reliably calculate the damping level. Some plans are presented that are based on using several input signals measured from different points of the grid and using a known probing signal to excite oscillations during the normal operation of the power system.
Environmentally Responsive Core/Shell Particles via Electrohydrodynamic Co‐Jetting of Fully Miscible Polymer Solutions (2008)

Herein it is demonstrated that electrohydrodynamic co-jetting is not limited to Janus-type particles, but can also be used for the preparation of core/shell particles. Using side-by-side flow of miscible polymer solutions, electrohydrodynamic co-jetting offers an elegant and scalable route towards preparation of core/shell particles with otherwise difficult-to-prepare particle architectures, including particles with hydrophilic shell and core. Throughout this study, electrohydrodynamic co-jetting of aqueous solutions consisting of a mixture of PAAm-co-AA and PAA is used, and a range of different types of particles with distinct compartments are observed. Transition from Janus particles to core/shell particles appears to be caused by changes in the relative conductivity of the two jetting solutions. After crosslinking, the core/shell particles are stable in aqueous solution and exhibit reproducible swelling behavior while maintaining the original core/shell geometry. In addition, the pH-responsiveness of the particles is demonstrated by repeatedly switching the environmental pH between 1.3 and 12. Moreover, the core/shell particles show surprising uptake selectivity. For instance, a 450% increase in uptake of 6-carboxyfluorescein over rhodamine B base is found.
Crizotinib‐Resistant Mutants of EML4‐ALK Identified Through an Accelerated Mutagenesis Screen (2011)

Activating gene rearrangements of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) have been identified as driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, and other cancers. Crizotinib, a dual MET/ALK inhibitor, has demonstrated promising clinical activity in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors harboring ALK translocations. Inhibitors of driver kinases often elicit kinase domain mutations that confer resistance, and such mutations have been successfully predicted using in vitro mutagenesis screens. Here, this approach was used to discover an extensive set of ALK mutations that can confer resistance to crizotinib. Mutations at 16 residues were identified, structurally clustered into five regions around the kinase active site, which conferred varying degrees of resistance. The screen successfully predicted the L1196M, C1156Y, and F1174L mutations, recently identified in crizotinib-resistant patients. In separate studies, we demonstrated that crizotinib has relatively modest potency in ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines. A more potent ALK inhibitor, TAE684, maintained substantial activity against mutations that conferred resistance to crizotinib. Our study identifies multiple novel mutations in ALK that may confer clinical resistance to crizotinib, suggests that crizotinib's narrow selectivity window may underlie its susceptibility to such resistance and demonstrates that a more potent ALK inhibitor may be effective at overcoming resistance.
Organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2011)

Abstract We describe the organocatalytic depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), using a commercially available guanidine catalyst, 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD). Postconsumer PET beverage bottles were used and processed with 1.0 mol % (0.7 wt %) of TBD and excess amount of ethylene glycol (EG) at 190 °C for 3.5 hours under atmospheric pressure to give bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) in 78% isolated yield. The catalyst efficiency was comparable to other metal acetate/alkoxide catalysts that are commonly used for depolymerization of PET. The BHET content in the glycolysis product was subject to the reagent loading. This catalyst influenced the rate of the depolymerization as well as the effective process temperature. We also demonstrated the recycling of the catalyst and the excess EG for more than 5 cycles. Computational and experimental studies showed that both TBD and EG activate PET through hydrogen bond formation/activation to facilitate this reaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Sample Fourth-order Cumulant Tensor Denoising for DOA Estimation with Coprime L-shaped Array (2021)

Tensor-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using sparse arrays suffers performance loss from noise perturbations which are twofold, namely, the noise power embedded in the auto-correlation-based covariance statistics, and the noise introduced by sample statistical calculation. In this paper, a fourth-order cumulant tensor-based DOA estimation method for a specially designed coprime L-shaped array is proposed, where both noise perturbations are effectively addressed. The proposed method utilizes the cross-correlation statistics to avoid generating the noise power, based on which a fourth-order cumulant tensor is formulated for coarray signal processing. Then, to attenuate the sample fourth-order noise, its statistical property is investigated for an adaptive noise attenuation threshold design. Finally, a dual directional concatenation approach is developed to obtain a denoised fourth-order structural coarray tensor for underdetermined DOA estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations.