gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trichothecene Production in Liquid Stationary Cultures of <i>Fusarium tricinctum</i> NRRL 3299 (Synonym: <i>F. sporotrichioides</i> ): Comparison of Quantitative Brine Shrimp Assay with Physicochemical Analysis (1985)

Stationary liquid cultures of Fusarium tricinctum NRRL 3299 (synonym: F. sporotrichioides) produce T-2 toxin, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, and HT-2 toxin when cultured on peptone-enriched Czapek Dox medium. At 15 and 27 degrees C, maximum T-2 toxin yield (265 and 50 mug/ml) was found after 10 to 14 and 7 days, respectively. The T-2 toxin in the culture medium was metabolized rapidly at 27 degrees C and slowly at 15 degrees C. Addition of 0.025% (wt/vol) sorbic acid to the medium resulted in an increased production of trichothecenes at 15 degrees C (400 mug of T-2 per ml after 14 days). Trichothecenes in the culture liquid were determined by the brine shrimp bioassay and physicochemical analysis. The brine shrimp assay was improved by using modern bioassay equipment, including tissue culture trays and multipipettes, and by a standardized approach with positive and negative controls. The physicochemical analysis was based on adsorption of the trichothecenes onto Amberlite XAD-2 columns, derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride followed by capillary gas chromatography, and identification by mass spectrometry (as many as 17 trichothecenes were detected in the culture medium). The brine shrimp assay offers an interesting monitoring system for the quantitation of T-2 toxin and should be useful for studies on production of this toxin in culture. Specific information on less toxic trichothecenes, however, requires a more time-consuming chemical analysis.
Contact Lenses Wettability In Vitro: Effect of Surface-Active Ingredients (2010)

The manufacturer-added surfactants affected wetting properties of all studied SCLs, although to different degrees.
X-ray phase-contrast imaging of the breast—advances towards clinical implementation (2014)

Breast cancer constitutes about one-quarter of all cancers and is the leading cause of cancer death in women. To reduce breast cancer mortality, mammographic screening programmes have been implemented in many Western countries. However, these programmes remain controversial because of the associated radiation exposure and the need for improvement in terms of diagnostic accuracy. Phase-contrast imaging is a new X-ray-based technology that has been shown to provide enhanced soft-tissue contrast and improved visualization of cancerous structures. Furthermore, there is some indication that these improvements of image quality can be maintained at reduced radiation doses. Thus, X-ray phase-contrast mammography may significantly contribute to advancements in early breast cancer diagnosis. Feasibility studies of X-ray phase-contrast breast CT have provided images that allow resolution of the fine structure of tissue that can otherwise only be obtained by histology. This implies that X-ray phase-contrast imaging may also lead to the development of entirely new (micro-) radiological applications. This review provides a brief overview of the physical characteristics of this new technology and describes recent developments towards clinical implementation of X-ray phase-contrast imaging of the breast.
Low power, tunable active inductor and its applications to monolithic VCO and BPF (2002)

A novel tunable active inductor for low power operation is presented. The DC power consumption of the proposed scheme is about 1/3 of conventional one with wider range of tunability and higher Q. The new bias scheme using the parallel and the series bias resistors reduces the number of bias pins and stabilizes the bias, effectively. This novel low power tunable active inductor is applied to wideband (35% tuning ratio) monolithic VCO and wide tunable (14% tuning ratio) monolithic BPF.
Quadcopter based technology for an emergency healthcare (2017)

Several thousands of people die day to day due to the time lag taken by the Ambulance service to reach the accident spot. This happens due to traffic jam, congestion in the city. A prototype of an emergency flying air ambulance or an ambulance drone which can reach the fatal cases faster than a normal ambulance which saves time is designed and it also measures the different health parameters using its measuring devices. When a phone call is given to the emergency number, the emergency operator tracks the location and navigate using global positioning system. The ambulance drone enters the scene in the instant time and real time commands are provided by the operator. The drone consist of a mini patient monitoring system which comprises of variant sensors which can be conveniently attached to the victim body and the important parameters is measured and it is immediately sent to the ambulance as well as to the nearby hospital using global positioning system and ZIGBEE. The particular result helps the paramedics as well as the doctors to evaluate the situation quicker with better diagnostic and therapeutic choices. Therefore, the goal is to develop an all purpose medical toolkit that can be flawn to any crisis situation and it is used to give the actual time situation results to the ambulance and the hospital team so that they will be ready to serve to the needs of the patients. This prototype helps to support the routine ambulance rather than replacing the normal ambulance.
Effects of high arterial oxygen tension on function, blood flow distribution, and metabolism in ischemic myocardium. (1992)

These data demonstrate for the first time that increasing arterial PO2 to high levels during acute low-flow myocardial ischemia improves both function and flow distribution in the ischemic myocardium and decreases glycolytic metabolism in the ischemic zone. The degree of improvement in contractile function (5% absolute increase in systolic shortening or 25% change normalized to preischemic values) is consistent with the observed increase in subendocardial blood flow.
Extended Routes and Delayed Transitions Amongst 16‐19 Year Olds: National Trends and Local Contexts∗ (1990)

Abstract A decade or so ago, the choices facing British 16 year olds seemed relatively straightforward; either they stayed on in education or they left to enter the youth labour market. The subsequent rise in youth unemployment and the consequent series of government‐led responses have complicated the picture. But how complex has the post‐16 transition from school actually become? Does it still make sense to talk of the dominant ‘routes’ young people follow and, if so, how differentiated are they? The paper uses the detailed survey data from the four areas in the ESRC's 16‐19 Initiative and further data on large nationally‐representative samples of young people drawn from the Youth Cohort Study to explore the opportunity structures that have been emerging in Britain during the eighties.
Compressed Air Energy Storage offers flexibility for low cost providers of electricity (1995)

Compressed Air Energy Storage ({open_quotes}CAES{close_quotes}) offers generation and transmission operators important flexibility and operating cost advantages not available from conventional power generating equipment, as well as most of the same benefits as competing storage technologies. Major advances in CAES technology have greatly extended its applicability, offering significant operating and financial benefits beyond those of prior schemes. CAES showed operating savings in all of the configurations studied, and in many instances substantial savings beyond capital costs were demonstrated. In order to determine the extent to which CAES will enable a power producer or transmission company ({open_quotes}user{close_quotes}) to reduce its cost of energy and/or ancillary services, a detailed analysis of operating costs under current and expected conditions must be undertaken. This paper presents the results of several such analyses.
The Cell Biology of Synaptic Plasticity (2011)

Synaptic plasticity is the experience-dependent change in connectivity between neurons that is believed to underlie learning and memory. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular processes that are altered when a neuron responds to external stimuli, and how these alterations lead to an increase or decrease in synaptic connectivity. Modification of synaptic components and changes in gene expression are necessary for many forms of plasticity. We focus on excitatory neurons in the mammalian hippocampus, one of the best-studied model systems of learning-related plasticity.
Sensory substitution via cutaneous skin stretch feedback (2013)

Skin stretch is a novel haptic feedback method that can provide a human operator with information about the magnitude and direction of an applied force. To evaluate the potential for skin stretch feedback to be used as a sensory substitute for kinesthetic (force) feedback in robotic teleoperation systems, a study was conducted to measure the ability of users to discriminate environment stiffness using varying levels of fingerpad skin stretch instead of force feedback. A new, high-fidelity skin stretch feedback device was developed that imposes tangential fingerpad skin stretch in proportion to the intended level of force feedback. In psychophysical experiments, users received skin stretch feedback with magnitude proportional to the users' penetration depth into a virtual wall. Users' stiffness discrimination capability using skin stretch was comparable to that of using force feedback. Furthermore, larger skin stretch cues were perceived by users as portraying greater stiffness without any advance training, which indicates that skin stretch feedback would be an intuitive sensory substitute for force feedback. Thus, skin stretch feedback is a promising method for conveying kinesthetic force information in applications such as robot-assisted surgery, where high levels of force feedback may not be desirable due to stability or safety concerns.
Clock gating approaches by IOEX graphs and cluster efficiency plots (2010)

Clock Gating has been the most widely used method to reduce dynamic power for digital designs. Increasingly the need to assess the quality of a clock gating implementation has resulted in generation of various benchmarking criteria. These criteria however fail to provide a feel to the designer about quality of a current implementation and the scope available for further clock gating. Prior work has also reported various datapath based clock gating techniques to optimize for dynamic power. In this paper we present a new approach to analyze this problem through the IO Exclusivity (IOEX) graphs and Cluster Efficiency (CE) plots. The IOEX graph captures the datapath activity across the sequential elements normalized to the source clock. This exercise produces sequential elemental clusters or modules, which are amenable to clock gating. A CE plot then provides a visual insight into these fine grained implementations to aid the designer to further gate the given cluster. This additional gating can then be implemented either at synthesis or at the layout stages, depending on the design cycle time. Results from 65nm designs show that up to 20% dynamic power savings can be achieved with our approach over and above the industry standard low power synthesis solutions.
Interval based evidence sets (2002)

The relationship between set theory and the modeling of human categorization processes is the starting point of a discussion aiming at the definition of mathematical structures capable of better representing human categorization and linguistic capabilities. It is maintained that a theory of belief which acknowledges subjectivity and observed dependence, is imperative in any attempt to model cognitive categorization. A connection between the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence and Interval Valued Fuzzy Sets is proposed through the presentation of a structure called Evidence Set. This structure allows the introduction of all the recognized forms of uncertainty uncapturable by Fuzzy or Interval Valued Fuzzy Sets alone, as well as a representation of belief in a set arrangement.
Real-Time Driver-Drowsiness Detection System Using Facial Features (2019)

The face, an important part of the body, conveys a lot of information. When a driver is in a state of fatigue, the facial expressions, e.g., the frequency of blinking and yawning, are different from those in the normal state. In this paper, we propose a system called DriCare, which detects the drivers' fatigue status, such as yawning, blinking, and duration of eye closure, using video images, without equipping their bodies with devices. Owing to the shortcomings of previous algorithms, we introduce a new face-tracking algorithm to improve the tracking accuracy. Further, we designed a new detection method for facial regions based on 68 key points. Then we use these facial regions to evaluate the drivers' state. By combining the features of the eyes and mouth, DriCare can alert the driver using a fatigue warning. The experimental results showed that DriCare achieved around 92% accuracy.
Estimating fugl-meyer clinical scores in stroke survivors using wearable sensors (2011)

Clinical assessment scales to evaluate motor abilities in stroke survivors could be used to individualize rehabilitation interventions thus maximizing motor gains. Unfortunately, these scales are not widely utilized in clinical practice because their administration is excessively time-consuming. Wearable sensors could be relied upon to address this issue. Sensor data could be unobtrusively gathered during the performance of motor tasks. Features extracted from the sensor data could provide the input to models designed to estimate the severity of motor impairments and functional limitations. In previous work, we showed that wearable sensor data collected during the performance of items of the Wolf Motor Function Test (a clinical scale designed to assess functional capability) can be used to estimate scores derived using the Functional Ability Scale, a clinical scale focused on quality of movement. The purpose of the study herein presented was to investigate whether the same dataset could be used to estimate clinical scores derived using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale (a clinical scale designed to assess motor impairments). Our results showed that Fugl-Meyer Assessment Test scores can be estimated by feeding a Random Forest with features derived from wearable sensor data recorded during the performance of as few as a single item of the Wolf Motor Function Test. Estimates achieved using the proposed method were marked by a root mean squared error as low as 4.7 points of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Test scale.
Neural Tree Indexers for Text Understanding (2017)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) process input text sequentially and model the conditional transition between word tokens. In contrast, the advantages of recursive networks include that they explicitly model the compositionality and the recursive structure of natural language. However, the current recursive architecture is limited by its dependence on syntactic tree. In this paper, we introduce a robust syntactic parsing-independent tree structured model, Neural Tree Indexers (NTI) that provides a middle ground between the sequential RNNs and the syntactic tree-based recursive models. NTI constructs a <i>full n-ary tree</i> by processing the input text with its node function in a bottom-up fashion. Attention mechanism can then be applied to both structure and node function. We implemented and evaluated a binary-tree model of NTI, showing the model achieved the state-of-the-art performance on three different NLP tasks: natural language inference, answer sentence selection, and sentence classification, outperforming state-of-the-art recurrent and recursive neural networks .
BIM기반 물량 및 내역정보 생성을 위한 내역서 개선방안 (2017)

It is very important to estimate accurate construction total cost needed early in the project. In the initial phase of the design, the project cost estimates are determined by total quantity from design documents and the variables that affect the calculation of the total cost of the project. In order to determine accurate total construction cost, the contractor has to produce detailed quantity information based on the drawings and specifications. The process of preparing quantification and cost estimation documents is still being worked out manually, and a lot of errors have been occurred in many cases. Recent advances in information technology have led to the BIM based quantity takeoff and cost estimation. However, there are some limits to the extent to which the current specifications for BoQ documents are computed from BIM model. This research analyze the current BoQ cases and analyze how to make quantity takeoff possible through BIM. The study defined five levels of quantity category that could be produced by BIM. Only about 40% or indirectly usable items can be used when information is extracted to BIM modelling. This is very insufficient to fill out the BoQ. The BoQ document structure quantity takeoff specifications should be simplified in order to BIM based cost estimation more efficiently.
Adoption of commercial cut flower production technology in Meerut. (2010)

In India the area under cultivation of different flowers is 103,000 ha. About 99 per cent of the flowers are cultivated in open condition and only 1 per cent under greenhouse condition. Postharvest management and value addition to cut flowers can enhance prices up to 5-10 times. Gladiolus and tuberose, two very popular cut flower crops in India are grown mainly in the temperate parts country. The study was conducted in Meerut and Ghaziabad districts of Uttar Pradesh. The majority of the cut flower cultivators were found to have high (31.3 per cent), very high (28.8 per cent) and medium (20 per cent) level of knowledge of cut flower cultivation technology. Majority of the respondents (80 %) were found to possess high to medium adoption in gladiolus production technology whereas 80 percent tuberose cultivators were found to possess medium to high adoption. In case of gladiolus, the adoption of commercial cut flower cultivation technology was found to be positively and significantly correlated with their education, social participation, and experience in flower cultivation, extension agency contact and mass media exposure. The adoption of commercial tuberose cultivation technology was found to be positively and significantly correlated with their education and mass media exposure, land holding and social participation, caste, family size, occupation, extension contact, economic motivation, risk orientation and experience in flower cultivation.
Bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics (1995)

The historical development of antibiotic resistance, mechanisms of resistance, classification schemes for beta-lactamases, the clinical relevance of resistance, and approaches to overcoming resistance are reviewed. The promise of eradication of infectious diseases has not been fulfilled, in great part owing to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms. Although genes for bacterial resistance may have existed before the clinical use of antibiotics, selection of new resistant strains is driven by the widespread use of antimicrobials in humans and animals. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials in the United States are the beta-lactam antibiotics, and the most common mechanism of bacterial resistance to these agents is inactivation by beta-lactamase. The clinical and economic consequences of therapeutic failure and relapse--extended hospital stays, increased morbidity and mortality, and the use of potentially more toxic and costly antimicrobial agents--require new strategies to prevent the spread of resistant organisms and to limit future resistance.
Relation between Effective Radiation Dose and Outcome of Radioiodine Therapy for Thyroid Cancer (1983)

We used a combination of radioiodine scanning and quantitative radiation dosimetry to evaluate responses to therapeutic irradiation with 131I in 76 patients with thyroid adenocarcinoma. Fifty patients received 131I treatment for ablation of residual thyroid tissue after surgical thyroidectomy, and 26 had 131I treatment for metastatic thyroid cancer. Successful ablation was observed in patients receiving higher radiation doses to the thyroid--about 4.4 times those in patients whose lesions were not ablated--largely because of a longer effective half-life of 131I in residual thyroid tissue in the patients with ablated lesions. Patients with metastases that persisted after 131I therapy tended to have more advanced disease and received significantly lower radiation doses per millicurie of administered 131I than did persons whose lesions responded to treatment. Initial 131I treatment resulting in radiation doses of at least 30,000 rad to thyroid remnants and 8000 rad to metastases was associated with a significant increase in the rate of response to therapy.
Heartbeat Optical Coherence Tomography (2015)

__Abstract__\n\nCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis, a systemic inflammatory disease of\nthe arteries that causes the formation of plaques in the artery walls. Different plaques may give rise to\ndifferent symptoms: a gradual narrowing (stenosis) of the vessel by growth of a fibrous or calcific plaque\nwill cause chest pain (due to cardiac ischemia) upon exertion, a condition called stable CAD. Sudden\nonset of chest pain, or chest pain at rest, is a symptom of unstable CAD or acute coronary syndrome\n(ACS), which is associated with thrombus formation on plaques, mostly due to rupture of a lipid-core\nlesion. The most severe form of this disease may lead to a myocardial infarction or heart attack.
Silver potentiates aminoglycoside toxicity by enhancing their uptake (2017)

The predicted shortage in new antibiotics has prompted research for chemicals that could act as adjuvant and enhance efficacy of available antibiotics. In this study, we tested the effects of combining metals with aminoglycosides on Escherichia coli survival. The best synergizing combination resulted from mixing aminoglycosides with silver. Using genetic and aminoglycoside uptake assays, we showed that silver potentiates aminoglycoside action in by-passing the PMF-dependent step, but depended upon protein translation. We showed that oxidative stress or Fe-S cluster destabilization were not mandatory factors for silver potentiating action. Last, we showed that silver allows aminoglycosides to kill an E. coli gentamicin resistant mutant as well as the highly recalcitrant anaerobic pathogen Clostridium difficile. Overall this study delineates the molecular basis of silver's potentiating action on aminoglycoside toxicity and shows that use of metals might offer solutions for battling against increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: AUTOXIDATION OF ALKYL COMPOUNDS OF ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM (1981)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Metallchloride entweder mit Grignardreagenzien oder Organolithiumverbindungen werden die feuchtigkeitsempfindlichen, kristallinen Produkte (I) dargestellt.
Risk for rheumatic disease in relation to ethnicity and admixture. (2000)

Risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is high in west Africans compared with Europeans, and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is high in Native Americans compared with Europeans. These differences are not accounted for by differences in allele or haplotype frequencies in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region or any other loci known to influence risk of rheumatic disease. Where there has been admixture between two or more ethnic groups that differ in risk of disease, studies of the relationship of disease risk to proportionate admixture can help to distinguish between genetic and environmental explanations for ethnic differences in disease risk and to map the genes underlying these differences.