gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RASTA processing of speech (1994)

Performance of even the best current stochastic recognizers severely degrades in an unexpected communications environment. In some cases, the environmental effect can be modeled by a set of simple transformations and, in particular, by convolution with an environmental impulse response and the addition of some environmental noise. Often, the temporal properties of these environmental effects are quite different from the temporal properties of speech. We have been experimenting with filtering approaches that attempt to exploit these differences to produce robust representations for speech recognition and enhancement and have called this class of representations relative spectra (RASTA). In this paper, we review the theoretical and experimental foundations of the method, discuss the relationship with human auditory perception, and extend the original method to combinations of additive noise and convolutional noise. We discuss the relationship between RASTA features and the nature of the recognition models that are required and the relationship of these features to delta features and to cepstral mean subtraction. Finally, we show an application of the RASTA technique to speech enhancement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iterative decoding and multiuser communication using sparse space codes for MIMO channels (2013)

We propose a new decoding algorithm for sparse space codes (SSC) transmission in an open-loop under-determined MIMO channel. The basis pursuit detector algorithm is combined with the sum-product algorithm to facilitate an iterative decoding using the LDPC based outer codes and the SSC based inner codes. In addition, a novel idea on multiuser detection using SSC codes is presented for an uplink MIMO channel.
SAT-Sweeping Enhanced for Logic Synthesis (2020)

SAT-sweeping is a powerful method for simplifying logic networks. It consists of merging gates that are proven equivalent (up to complementation) by running simulation and SAT solving in synergy. SAT-sweeping is used in both verification and synthesis applications within EDA. In this paper, we focus on the development of a highly efficient, synthesis-oriented, SAT-sweeping engine. We introduce a new algorithm to guide initial simulation, which strongly reduces the number of false candidates for merge, thus increasing the computational efficiency of the sweeper. We revisit the SAT-sweeping flow in light of practical considerations for synthesis, with the aim of proving all valid merges and ensuring fast execution. Experimental results confirm remarkable speedup deriving from our methodology, up to 10× for large combinational networks, and better QoR as compared to previous SAT-sweeping implementation. Embedded in a commercial synthesis flow, our proposes SAT-sweeper enables area and power savings of 1.98% and 1.81%, respectively, with neutral timing at negligible runtime overhead, over 36 testcases.
Color image semantics for digital libraries (2003)

Color is the most frequently used feature in image analysis and retrieval. Over the years color features have been significantly improved, advancing from simple histogram-based descriptors to address more complex features such as dominant colors, important regions and spatial relationships. However, no matter how sophisticated, most of the proposed representations are still unable to cross the well-known <i>semantic gap</i> and when applied to diverse image collections seldom produce satisfactory results. This work analyzes the shortcomings of “traditional” color retrieval approach, and provides a new framework for “capturing” the elementary aspects of image semantics. Our approach is based on the observation that the words we use to describe images and their content represent a true link between the pictorial (low-level) representation and higher-level semantics derived by observers. Following previous experimental findings on the role of color in the perception of basic semantic templates (people, nature, indoor/outdoor, etc.), we propose a new feature representation based on color names. We also address several important steps needed to construct such representation: design of a color-name vocabulary and syntax, design of computational model and color naming metric, and the application to complex images. We also include some results that provide a good match to human judgments, thus validating the use color names to develop semantic descriptors.
GaAs double quantum well laser diode with short-period (AlGaAs)<i>m</i>(GaAs)<i>n</i> superlattice barriers (1989)

A short-period (AlGaAs)m(GaAs)n superlattice has been applied to the barrier layers in a single and a multiple quantum well structure prepared by molecular beam epitaxy in order to improve the interface quality. With a 38 Å thin GaAs quantum well without employing aluminum, a low threshold current density of 260 A/cm2, a high characteristic temperature (T0) of 205 K, and a high differential quantum efficiency of 75% have been achieved in a double quantum well ridge waveguide laser diode emitting at 780 nm.
Optimization of <scp>d</scp>-Peptides for Aβ Monomer Binding Specificity Enhances Their Potential to Eliminate Toxic Aβ Oligomers (2017)

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers are thought to be causative for the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Starting from the Aβ oligomer eliminating d-enantiomeric peptide D3, we developed and applied a two-step procedure based on peptide microarrays to identify D3 derivatives with increased binding affinity and specificity for monomeric Aβ(1-42) to further enhance the Aβ oligomer elimination efficacy. Out of more than 1000 D3 derivatives, we selected seven novel d-peptides, named ANK1 to ANK7, and characterized them in more detail in vitro. All ANK peptides bound to monomeric Aβ(1-42), eliminated Aβ(1-42) oligomers, inhibited Aβ(1-42) fibril formation, and reduced Aβ(1-42)-induced cytotoxicity more efficiently than D3. Additionally, ANK6 completely inhibited the prion-like propagation of preformed Aβ(1-42) seeds and showed a nonsignificant tendency for improving memory performance of tg-APPSwDI mice after i.p. application for 4 weeks. This supports the hypothesis that stabilization of Aβ monomers and thereby induced elimination of Aβ oligomers is a suitable therapeutic strategy.
Ultrafast directional beam switching in coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2001)

We propose a strategy to performing ultrafast directional beam switching using two coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The proposed strategy is demonstrated for two VCSELs of 5.6 μm in diameter placed about 1 μm apart from the edges, showing a switching speed of 42 GHz with a maximum far-field angle span of about 10°.
Nitro-Oleic Acid (NO <sub>2</sub> -OA) Release Enhances Regional Angiogenesis in a Rat Abdominal Wall Defect Model (2017)

Ventral hernia is often addressed surgically by the placement of prosthetic materials, either synthetic or from allogeneic and xenogeneic biologic sources. Despite advances in surgical approaches and device design, a number of postsurgical limitations remain, including hernia recurrence, mesh encapsulation, and reduced vascularity of the implanted volume. The in situ controlled release of angiogenic factors from a scaffold facilitating abdominal wall repair might address some of these issues associated with suboptimal tissue reconstruction. Furthermore, a biocomposite material that combines the favorable mechanical properties achievable with synthetic materials and the bioactivity associated with xenogeneic tissue sources would be desirable. In this report, an abdominal wall repair scaffold has been designed based on a microfibrous, elastomeric poly(ester carbonate)urethane urea matrix integrated with a hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine dermis (extracellular matrix [ECM] gel) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres loaded with nitro-oleic acid (NO<sub>2</sub>-OA). NO<sub>2</sub>-OA is an electrophilic fatty acid nitro-alkene derivative that, under hypoxic conditions, induces angiogenesis. This scaffold was utilized to repair a rat abdominal wall partial thickness defect, hypothesizing that the nitro-fatty acid release would facilitate increased angiogenesis at the 8-week endpoint. The quantification of neovascularization was conducted by novel methodologies to assess vessel morphology and spatial distribution. The repaired abdominal wall defects were evaluated by histopathologic methods, including quantification of the foreign body response and cellular ingrowth. The results showed that NO<sub>2</sub>-OA release was associated with significantly improved regional angiogenesis. The combined biohybrid scaffold and NO<sub>2</sub>-OA-controlled release strategy also reduced scaffold encapsulation, increased wall thickness, and enhanced cellular infiltration. More broadly, the three components of the composite scaffold design (ECM gel, polymeric fibers, and PLGA microparticles) enable the tuning of performance characteristics, including scaffold bioactivity, degradation, mechanics, and drug release profile, all decisive factors to better address current limitations in abdominal wall repair or other soft tissue augmentation procedures.
FPGA-based SAT solver architecture with near-zero synthesis and layout overhead (2000)

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) has shown itself to be a promising application for configurable computing and an interesting testbed for new configurable computing compilation techniques. In this work we have developed a new and novel SAT solver architecture that addresses three fundamental hurdles that remain before reconfigurable-hardware-based acceleration of SAT can be widely used. These hurdles are: first, the time overhead for compiling the instance-specific circuit to hardware; secondly, the limited sophistication of the hardware algorithm; and thirdly, the slow clock speeds. The main enabling idea in our work is to implement the communication between literals and clauses by means of a time multiplexed pipelined bus architecture rather than hardwiring it using on-FPGA routing resources. This allows the circuits for different instances of the SAT problem to be identical except for small local differences. Thus, the incremental synthesis and place-and-route effort required for each instance of the problem becomes negligible compared to the time to actually solve the SAT problem. Interestingly, the time multiplexing feature also allows us to incorporate the dynamic addition of clauses into the SAT solver algorithm, since the compilation/configuration time is negligible. Finally, since the proposed architecture is highly pipelined, with very few long wires, and no wires crossing FPGA boundaries, high clock speeds are possible. The authors present the overall architecture and detailed circuits for it in the paper. They also present experimental results showing the performance of the architecture relative to earlier efforts on hardware acceleration of SAT and relative to software implementations.
Resistance to Elsinoë Ampelina and Expression of Related Resistant Genes in Vitis Rotundifolia Michx. Grapes (2011)

Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx) are considered as excellent genetic resources for grape breeding programs as they are known for their hardiness and resistance to pests and diseases. However, contrary to popular belief, our study indicated that not all muscadine cultivars are resistant to anthracnose disease. In order to identify a source of genetic tolerance towards anthracnose among muscadine cultivars, a series of in-situ and ex-situ experiments were conducted through strict and sensitive screening processes. Two consecutive years of field evaluation of 54 grape cultivars showed various levels of anthracnose incidence among the cultivars between a scale of 0 (tolerant) to 5 (highly-susceptible). Resistance bioassay by inoculation of different spore densities of Elsinoë ampelina on 40 cultivars presented similar results and was consistent with those obtained from the field test. A real-time PCR analysis was conducted to investigate differences of gene expression between susceptible and tolerant cultivars and to confirm results by phenotypic identification. Expression of genes encoding chalcone synthase, stilbene synthase, polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, chitinase and lipid transfer-protein was only detected in tolerant cultivars. Resistant muscadine cultivars identified in this study could be excellent candidates for grape disease resistance breeding programs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tuneable Porous Carbonaceous Materials from Renewable Resources (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data from Blocking Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Function via Anti-DC-HIL/GPNMB Antibody Restores the <i>In Vitro</i> Integrity of T Cells from Cancer Patients (2023)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>Blocking the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. Having shown DC-HIL/GPNMB to be the T-cell-inhibitory receptor mediating the suppressor function of MDSCs, we evaluated the potential of anti-DC-HIL mAb as an MDSC-targeting cancer treatment.</p>Experimental Design:<p>Patients with metastatic cancer (<i>n</i> = 198) were analyzed by flow cytometry for DC-HIL or PDL1 expression on blood CD14<sup>+</sup>HLA-DR<sup>no/lo</sup> MDSCs. Their suppressor function was assessed by <i>in vitro</i> coculture with autologous T cells, and the ability of anti-DC-HIL or anti-PDL1 mAb to reverse such function was determined. Tumor expression of these receptors was examined histologically, and the antitumor activity of the mAb was evaluated by attenuated growth of colon cancers in mice.</p>Results:<p>Patients with metastatic cancer had high blood levels of DC-HIL<sup>+</sup> MDSCs compared with healthy controls. Anti-DC-HIL mAb reversed the <i>in vitro</i> function in ∼80% of cancer patients tested, particularly for colon cancer. Despite very low expression on blood MDSCs, anti-PDL1 mAb was as effective as anti-DC-HIL mAb in reversing MDSC function, a paradoxical phenomenon we found to be due to upregulated expression of PDL1 by T-cell-derived IFNγ in cocultures. DC-HIL is not expressed by colorectal cancer cells but by CD14<sup>+</sup> cells infiltrating the tumor. Finally, anti-DC-HIL mAb attenuated growth of preestablished colon tumors by reducing MDSCs and increasing IFNγ-secreting T cells in the tumor microenvironment, with similar outcomes to anti-PDL1 mAb.</p>Conclusions:<p>Blocking DC-HIL function is a potentially useful treatment for at least colorectal cancer with high blood levels of DC-HIL<sup>+</sup> MDSCs.</p><p><i>See related commentary by Colombo, p. 453</i></p></div>
Numerical analysis of switching in the IGBT triggered thyristor (2002)

A monolithic power switching device structure for a MOS-controlled thyristor, called the IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) triggered thyristor (ITT), is presented. In this device, a thyristor element is integrated into an IGBT structure and the minority carriers of the IGBT supply the trigger current of the thyristor. The target of this device is to achieve lower forward voltage than an IGBT without drastic deterioration of the turn-off characteristics. Numerical results on the ITT performance, and the on-state and the turn-off characteristics under inductive loads are described as compared with a conventional IGBT. Two-dimensional simulation results indicate that the forward voltage drop is lower than that of the IGBT and the MOS-gate turn-off capability is retained under inductive loads. The forward voltage drop at an on-state current of 100 A/cm/sup 2/ is 1.5 V, which is about 0.5 V lower than that of the IGBT, and the turn-off time is 0.19 mu s, which is a little longer than that of the IGBT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel automated drug simulant recognition system for naturalistic real-time medical simulation. (2012)

The ability for a medical simulator to automatically recognize and respond to a "drug" injected during a training exercise offers powerful capabilities for objective assessment and real-time interaction. To address some of the limitations of available mannequin drug recognition systems, we developed a novel sensing system that recognizes an IV-injected agent based on an inherent property of the fluid. Our system uses varying concentrations of saline to represent different drugs and identification is made via conductivity measurement. The system also determines the volume administered and the time over which the dose is injected. Simulant solutions in IV bags (e.g., simulated Hextend or crystalloids) can be identified even if the bag is placed at a distance from the body. The system may offer advantages for field training exercises, as no external components need to be attached to the syringe or IV bag.
Imaging the Full Dispersive Modes of Scholte waves by Adding Independent SGP Processing to Eliminate the Truncation Effects of Dispersive Guided-P waves (2022)

The inversion of Scholte wave dispersion curves is one of the most important methods employed in the detection of marine sedimentary structures. The measurement methods of Scholte wave dispersion are primarily developed from terrestrial geophysical exploration technologies. Unlike terrestrial seismic source excitation methods, marine exploration typically uses air guns to generate seismic waves in seawater, which will result in strongly dispersed Guided-P waves. We found that the Guided-P waves will truncate the higher-mode dispersive Scholte waves at their lower cutoff frequency. However, a simple individual preprocess of suppressing Guided-P procedure (SGP) before extracting dispersion curves can significantly increase the frequency band and image the full dispersive modes of Scholte waves. The wider frequency band and higher-mode Scholte wave dispersion curves can effectively improve the constraints on the submarine shear wave velocity structure. Based on this, we highly recommend adding this simple step to Scholte wave dispersion imaging.
Immune Protection against Trypanosoma cruzi Induced by TcVac4 in a Canine Model (2015)

Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in southern parts of the American continent. Herein, we have tested the protective efficacy of a DNA-prime/T. rangeli-boost (TcVac4) vaccine in a dog (Canis familiaris) model. Dogs were immunized with two-doses of DNA vaccine (pcDNA3.1 encoding TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 antigens plus IL-12- and GM-CSF-encoding plasmids) followed by two doses of glutaraldehyde-inactivated T. rangeli epimastigotes (TrIE); and challenged with highly pathogenic T. cruzi (SylvioX10/4) isolate. Dogs given TrIE or empty pcDNA3.1 were used as controls. We monitored post-vaccination and post-challenge infection antibody response by an ELISA, parasitemia by blood analysis and xenodiagnosis, and heart function by electrocardiography. Post-mortem anatomic and pathologic evaluation of the heart was conducted. TcVac4 induced a strong IgG response (IgG2>IgG1) that was significantly expanded post-infection, and moved to a nearly balanced IgG2/IgG1 response in chronic phase. In comparison, dogs given TrIE or empty plasmid DNA only developed high IgG titers with IgG2 predominance in response to T. cruzi infection. Blood parasitemia, tissue parasite foci, parasite transmission to triatomines, electrocardiographic abnormalities were significantly lower in TcVac4-vaccinated dogs than was observed in dogs given TrIE or empty plasmid DNA only. Macroscopic and microscopic alterations, the hallmarks of chronic Chagas disease, were significantly decreased in the myocardium of TcVac4-vaccinated dogs. We conclude that TcVac4 induced immunity was beneficial in providing resistance to T. cruzi infection, evidenced by control of chronic pathology of the heart and preservation of cardiac function in dogs. Additionally, TcVac4 vaccination decreased the transmission of parasites from vaccinated/infected animals to triatomines.
Membraneless Fuel Cell Based on Laminar Flow (2003)

An increasing societal demand for a wide range of small, often portable devices that can operate for an extended period of time without recharging has resulted in a surge of research in micropower sources. Most efforts in this area focus on downscaling of existing fuel cell technology such as the well-known proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Here we study a novel concept for fuel cells: the use of laminar flow instead of a physical barrier such as a PEM to separate the fuel and oxidant streams. Laminar flow, i.e. low Reynolds number flow, is a property of fluid flow at the microscale: one or more liquid streams that are brought together under low Reynolds number conditions flow in parallel and contact with each other without turbulent mixing. Mass transport transverse to the direction of flow takes place by diffusion only. In our laminar flow-based fuel cell a fuel-containing stream and an oxidant-containing stream are brought together in laminar flow conditions with the electrodes placed on opposite walls within the channel. In un-optimized fuel cell configurations, current densities as high as 10 mA/cm2 are obtained at room temperature using different fuels such as methanol or formic acid vs. oxygen saturated solvents or other oxidants.
Sensor fault detection and diagnosis for autonomous systems (2013)

Autonomous systems are usually equipped with sensors to sense the surrounding environment. The sensor readings are interpreted into beliefs upon which the robot decides how to act. Unfortunately, sensors are susceptible to faults. These faults might lead to task failure. Detecting these faults and diagnosing a fault's origin is an important task that should be performed quickly online. While other methods require a high fidelity model that describes the behavior of each component, we present a method that uses a structural model to successfully detect and diagnose sensor faults online. We experiment our method with a laboratory robot Robotican1 and a flight simulator FlightGear. We show that our method outperforms previous methods in terms of fault detection and provides an accurate diagnosis.
Electrical Design Space Exploration for High Speed Servers (2007)

Today's high-speed systems are characterized by a multitude of electrical design parameters due to their complexity. Therefore, performing a thorough design space exploration is computationally exhaustive. This is primarily the result of the number of variables (electrical parameters) needed to do a comprehensive analysis. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization method is described as a solution to address the above problem. Traditional statistical approaches like design of experiments (DoE) are explained along with their advantages and limitations that the GA based approach improves upon.
Structural engineering of porphyrin-based small molecules as donors for efficient organic solar cells (2016)

Three A–D–A porphyrin-based small molecules are employed as donors in bulky heterojunction organic solar cells. Striking a delicate balance between solubility, morphology and device fabrication, leads to PCEs of up to 7.7%.