gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Multi-Robot Task Allocation Algorithm (2018)

In modern warehouses, robots are being deployed to perform complex tasks such as fetching a set of objects from various locations in a warehouse to a docking station. This requires a careful task allocation along with route planning such that the total distance traveled (cost) is minimized. The number of tasks that can be performed by a robot on a single route depends on the maximum capacity of the robot and the combined weight of the objects it picks on the route. This task allocation problem is an instance of the Capacity-constrained Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), which is known to be NP-hard. Although, there exist a number of heuristics that provide near-optimal solutions to a CVRP instance, they do not scale well with the task size (number of nodes). In this paper, we present a heuristic, called nearest-neighbor based Clustering And Routing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(nCAR)$</tex> , which has better execution time compared to the state-of-the-art heuristics. Also, our heuristic reduces cost of the solutions when there are a large number of nodes. We compare the performance of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$nCAR$</tex> with the Google OR-Tools and found a speedup of 6 in runtime when task size is 2000. Though OR-Tools provides a low-cost solution for small number of tasks, it's execution time and number of routes is 1.5 times that of nCAR.
Thrombolysis with human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator in dogs with femoral vein thrombosis. (1982)

Extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator (plasminogen activator) was isolated either as a single-chain or as a two-chain molecule from the culture medium of a human melanoma cell line. The thrombolytic activity of both molecular forms of activator was investigated in beagle dogs with an experimental femoral vein thrombosis and compared with that of urokinase. The 125I-fibrinogen-labeled thrombus was formed in an isolated 4-cm segment of the vein, aged for 30 min, and the thrombolytic substances were infused over a 4-h period. The degree of thrombolysis was measured 2 h later as the difference between the injected and recovered 125I. In six control animals with a saline infusion the extent of thrombolysis was 16.3 +/- 3.8% (mean +/- SEM), in five dogs receiving 100,000 IU urokinase, 17.4 +/- 3.7% (P less than 0.4) and in four dogs with 1,000,000 IU urokinase 40.6 +/- 4.8% (P less than 0.001). Infusion of 100.000 IU single-chain plasminogen activator in five dogs resulted in 3.5 +/- 7.8% lysis (P less than 0.05) and of 100,000 IU two-chain plasminogen activator in five dogs in 60.1 +/- 10.8% (P less than 0.001). Infusion of 300,000 IU one-chain plasminogen activator yielded 57.5% lysis and of the same amount of two-chain plasminogen activator 72.9%. Significant activation of plasminogen, consumption of alpha 2-antiplasmin, and fibrinogen breakdown in plasma was only observed in animals receiving the high doses of urokinase but not in the saline, plasminogen activator, or the low-dose urokinase groups. It is thus concluded that in this thrombosis model human extrinsic plasminogen activator has a higher specific thrombolytic effect that urokinase. Plasminogen activator also appears to induce thrombolysis without systemic fibrinolytic activation and fibrinogen breakdown.
Estimation of cognitive load based on the pupil size dilation (2017)

Cognitive load corresponds to the amount of working memory demanded while performing a certain task. Estimation of cognitive load is crucial to many domains and the usage of pupil size dilation to accomplish this is widely researched. However, existing approaches suffer severely as they are largely based on the raw pupil size. In this study, we aim to use the frequency domain analysis of the pupil size variations to get an insight of the load imposed. We propose a cognitive load metric based on the power and frequency relations at the mean frequency of the variation in pupil size. The stimulus used is a mental addition task which is designed in a manner to induce low and high cognitive loads on the participants. Results show good separation in the metric for the tasks inducing low and high mental workloads in contrast to the state of the art methods.
An auxiliary quasi-resonant tank soft-switching inverter (2002)

An auxiliary quasi-resonant DC tank (AQRDCT) inverter is presented for achieving soft-switching. An AQRDCT circuit is coupled directly across a DC bus to the inverter to generate a quasi-resonant DC bus voltage. It consists of two auxiliary switches connected in the common phase leg fashion as an auxiliary switch leg, two resonant capacitors connected in series as a resonant leg, a pair of DC capacitors connected in series as a DC tank, and a resonant inductor in series with the lower device of the auxiliary switch leg. The AQRDCT circuit resonantly brings the DC bus voltage to zero in order to provide a zero-voltage switching interval for the main inverter to switch, then quickly rebounds back to the DC tank voltage after the main inverter changes state. The auxiliary switches are turned on and off softly as well. The AQRDCT circuit absorbs only ripples of the inverter DC bus current, thus having less current stress. In addition, since the AQRDCT circuit is coupled in parallel with the DC power supply and the inverter for merely assisting soft-switching of the inverter without participating in real DC power transmission and power conversion, malfunction and failure of the tank circuit will not affect the functional operation of the inverter. Thus a highly reliable inverter system is expected. A 100 kW (150 kVA) continuous power AQRDCT inverter has been built, fully tested, and put into a 22-foot electric bus for traction drive applications. Tested results showed good efficiency, reduced EMI, and reliable operation. This paper describes the operating principle and control and reports the test results.
Analysis of non-adhesive pathogenic mechanisms of BAD1 on<i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i> (2005)

The adhesin BAD1 is required for virulence of Blastomyces dermatitidis in a pulmonary model of infection. Herein, we explored mechanisms by which BAD1 enhances pathogenicity of the fungus. Isogenic strains with and without BAD1 exhibited similar phenotypic differences in virulence by pulmonary and intravenous routes of infection, indicating that BAD1 may exert virulence beyond adherence to respiratory lining cells. Non-adhesive mechanisms including maintenance of intrinsic resistance of yeast against phagocyte responses and products were excluded. A shift in the balance of type 1 and 2 cytokines and in the cellular profile of the inflammatory response after the first week of pulmonary infection was associated with BAD1. By the second week of infection, infection with wild-type yeast was associated with less IL-12 and IFN-gamma, and more IL-10, and an influx of inflammatory cells rich in neutrophils and poor in T-cells, when compared to infection with the BAD1 null strain. Taken together with previously reported BAD1 perturbations of TNF-gamma and TGF-beta, these data suggest that BAD1 contributes significantly to the pathogenicity of B. dermatitidis by also deviating host adaptive immunity, and leukocyte responses.
Face Recognition across Time Lapse Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Time lapse, characteristic of aging, is a complex process that affects the reliability and security of biometric face recognition systems. This paper reports the novel use and effectiveness of deep learning, in general, and convolutional neural networks (CNN), in particular, for automatic rather than hand-crafted feature extraction for robust face recognition across time lapse. A CNN architecture using the VGG-Face deep (neural network) learning is found to produce highly discriminative and interoperable features that are robust to aging variations even across a mix of biometric datasets. The features extracted show high inter-class and low intra-class variability leading to low generalization errors on aging datasets using ensembles of subspace discriminant classifiers. The classification results for the all-encompassing authentication methods proposed on the challenging FG-NET and MORPH datasets are competitive with state-of-the-art methods including commercial face recognition engines and are richer in functionality and interoperability than existing methods as it handles mixed biometric datasets, e.g., FG-NET and MORPH.
Improved Damping and Stiffness in Composite Structures Using Geometric Fiber Wave Patterns (1996)

Abstract The use of continuous wave geometric patterns in carbon fiber reinforced plastics for improved structural damping is investigated. This method uses viscoelastic materials that are co-cured with and embedded between fiber layers having continuous wave-like patterns to improve both damping and stiffness in the structure. The result is a practical and more production worthy method of structural damping.
Positive inotropic and lusitropic effects of HNO/NO <sup>−</sup> in failing hearts: Independence from β-adrenergic signaling (2003)

Nitroxyl anion (HNONO(-)), the one-electron reduced form of nitric oxide (NO), induces positive cardiac inotropy and selective venodilation in the normal in vivo circulation. Here we tested whether HNO/NO(-) augments systolic and diastolic function of failing hearts, and whether contrary to NO/nitrates such modulation enhances rather than blunts beta-adrenergic stimulation and is accompanied by increased plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). HNO/NO(-) generated by Angelis' salt (AS) was infused (10 microg/kg per min, i.v.) to conscious dogs with cardiac failure induced by chronic tachycardia pacing. AS nearly doubled contractility, enhanced relaxation, and lowered cardiac preload and afterload (all P < 0.001) without altering plasma cGMP. This contrasted to modest systolic depression induced by an NO donor diethylamine(DEA)NO or nitroglycerin (NTG). Cardiotropic changes from AS were similar in failing hearts as in controls despite depressed beta-adrenergic and calcium signaling in the former. Inotropic effects of AS were additive to dobutamine, whereas DEA/NO blunted beta-stimulation and NTG was neutral. Administration of propranolol to nonfailing hearts fully blocked isoproterenol stimulation but had minimal effect on AS inotropy and enhanced lusitropy. Arterial plasma CGRP rose 3-fold with AS but was unaltered by DEA/NO or NTG, supporting a proposed role of this peptide to HNO/NO(-) cardiotropic action. Thus, HNO/NO(-) has positive inotropic and lusitropic action, which unlike NO/nitrates is independent and additive to beta-adrenergic stimulation and stimulates CGRP release. This suggests potential of HNO/NO(-) donors for the treatment of heart failure.
Ultrasound research scanner for real-time synthetic aperture data acquisition (2005)

Conventional ultrasound systems acquire ultrasound data sequentially one image line at a time. The architecture of these systems is therefore also sequential in nature and processes most of the data in a sequential pipeline. This often makes it difficult to implement radically different imaging strategies on the platforms and makes the scanners less accessible for research purposes. A system designed for imaging research flexibility is the prime concern. The possibility of sending out arbitrary signals and the storage of data from all transducer elements for 5 to 10 seconds allows clinical evaluation of synthetic aperture and 3D imaging. This paper describes a real-time system specifically designed for research purposes. The system can acquire multichannel data in real-time from multi-element ultrasound transducers, and can perform some real-time processing on the acquired data. The system is capable of performing real-time beamforming for conventional imaging methods using linear, phased, and convex arrays. Image acquisition modes can be intermixed, and this makes it possible to perform initial trials in a clinical environment with new imaging modalities for synthetic aperture imaging, 2D and 3D B-mode, and velocity imaging using advanced coded emissions. The system can be used with 128-element transducers and can excite 128 transducer elements and receive and sample data from 64 channels simultaneously at 40 MHz with 12-bit precision. Two-to-one multiplexing in receive can be used to cover 128 receive channels. Data can be beamformed in real time using the system's 80 signal processing units, or it can be stored directly in RAM. The system has 16 Gbytes RAM and can, thus, store more than 3.4 seconds of multichannel data. It is fully software programmable and its signal processing units can also be reconfigured under software control. The control of the system is done over a 100-Mbits/s Ethernet using C and Matlab. Programs for doing, e.g., B-mode imaging can be written directly in Matlab and executed on the system over the net from any workstation running Matlab. The overall system concept is presented along with its implementation and examples of B-mode and in vivo synthetic aperture flow imaging.
Germination of Perennial Ryegrass and Annual Bluegrass Seeds Subjected to Hydration‐Dehydration Cycles (1993)

Seeds that encounter widely fluctuating water conditions during germination could die, become dormant, lose hydration‐dependent steps toward radicle emergence through dehydration, or incrementally accumulate events required for radicle emergence. These alternatives were evaluated with seeds of perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) and annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L. var. annua ) exposed to repeated hydration‐dehydration episodes. Seeds were cycled between liquid (hydration phase, Ψ = 0 MPa)and vapor (dehydration phase, Ψ = − 4 or − 10 MPa) environments for up to 16.5 cycles or 328 h, with phase durations of 8, 16, or 24 h. Cycling generally resulted in delayed, but more uniform germination. Cycled seeds required fewer hours in contact with liquid water to germinate than did continuously hydrated seeds and were not killed by repeated dehydration for up to 24 h at −10 MPa. Coleorhiza tissue that emerged from perennial ryegrass seeds following accumulation of 24 hydration‐phase hours retracted during dehydration, but this did not negatively affect radicle emergence upon subsequent rehydration. Annual bluegrass seeds were prevented from germinating by 8‐h hydration phases coupled with 16‐ or 24‐h dehydration phases at − 10 MPa. Upon transfer to continuous hydration, however, seeds germinated within 36 h. These data support the hypothesis that seeds of perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass can progress toward germination with intermittent hydration.
A gain-flattened ultra wide band EDFA for high capacity WDM optical communications systems (2002)

An 84 nm gain-flattened ultra wide band erbium-doped silica fiber amplifier for high capacity WDM optical communication systems is demonstrated with a noise figure of 6 dB and an output power of 25 dBm. We demonstrated an ultra wide band EDFA with a two-section, split band structure. The total 3dB bandwidth is 84.3 nm, which should be able to support 100 WDM channels with 100 GHz channel spacing or 200 WDM channels with 50 GHz channel spacing. The split bands allow independent optimization of each band for dispersion compensation and span loss variations.
NetClinic: Interactive visualization to enhance automated fault diagnosis in enterprise networks (2010)

Diagnosing faults in an operational computer network is a frustrating, time-consuming exercise. Despite advances, automatic diagnostic tools are far from perfect: they occasionally miss the true culprit and are mostly only good at narrowing down the search to a few potential culprits. This uncertainty and the inability to extract useful sense from tool output renders most tools not usable to administrators. To bridge this gap, we present NetClinic, a visual analytics system that couples interactive visualization with an automated diagnostic tool for enterprise networks. It enables administrators to verify the output of the automatic analysis at different levels of detail and to move seamlessly across levels while retaining appropriate context. A qualitative user study shows that NetClinic users can accurately identify the culprit, even when it is not present in the suggestions made by the automated component. We also find that supporting a variety of sensemaking strategies is a key to the success of systems that enhance automated diagnosis.
An Evaluation of Selected Methods for Determining Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine in Urine (1977)

Four analytical techniques, chromatographic and immunologic, were evaluated for their ability to detect cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine in human urine. Each of the methods had advantages end limitations and was suited for specific laboratory requirements. The study showed that gas-liquid chromatography was the most precise method; thin-layer chromatography, the most applicable for determining a number of drugs simultaneously; and enzyme immunoassay, the method with the best turn-around time for analyzing small numbers of specimens. Radioimmunoassay was significantly the most sensitive method for both cocaine and benzoylecgonine and the most efficient for the analysis moderate to large numbers of specimens. Comprehensive evaluation studies were performed with a radioimmunoassay technique that has only recently been made available.
Spatial domain filtering for fast modification of the tradeoff between image sharpness and pixel noise in computed tomography (2003)

In computed tomography (CT), selection of a convolution kernel determines the tradeoff between image sharpness and pixel noise. For certain clinical applications it is desirable to have two or more sets of images with different settings. So far, this typically requires reconstruction of several sets of images. We present an alternative approach using default reconstruction of sharp images and online filtering in the spatial domain allowing modification of the sharpness-noise tradeoff in real time. A suitable smoothing filter function in the frequency domain is the ratio of smooth and original (sharp) kernel. Efficient implementation can be achieved by a Fourier transform of this ratio to the spatial domain. Separating the two-dimensional spatial filtering into two subsequent one-dimensional filtering stages in the x and y directions using a Gaussian approximation for the convolution kernel further reduces computational complexity. Due to efficient implementation, interactive modification of the filter settings becomes possible, which can completely replace the variety of different reconstruction kernels.
Self-scanning-line electro-elastic NDE technique (1983)

A contactless self-scanning-line electro-elastic nondestructive testing technique is described capable of determining in real time the presence, location, number, and size of defects present along a linear path on the surface of a conductive material under test. In one embodiment, the NDE probe consists of a magnetostrictive delay line placed in close proximity with the surface to be inspected. A current carrying wire placed adjacent and parallel to the delay line is used to induce eddy currents in the material. The presence of a crack creates transverse eddy currents interacting locally with the magnetostrictive delay line launching elastic waves in the delay line. The elastic waves are generated only at the crack edge locations along the delay line. Spatial information regarding crack edge locations is preserved in the time information. An ultrasonic receiver coupled to the delay line is used to detect the elastic waves traveling in the delay line. The self-scanning-line electro-elastic NDE probe is not susceptible to the presence of elastic waves propagating in the material under test. The new concept is applicable to flat and curved surfaces including pipe inspection. Conventional eddy current techniques are not self scanning along a linear path giving only an integrated response, indicating only the presence and not the location and number of defects. Application of the concept to automation will be discussed.
Novel anionic phosphine transition metal hydride complexes and their application to the catalytic hydrogenation of polar organic compounds (1980)

Potassium tris(triphenylphosphine) ruthenium hydride complexed with diethyl ether and naphthalene was an effective homogeneous catalyst in the hydrogenation, under mild conditions (85/sup 0/-90/sup 0/C and 620 kPa hydrogen), of acetone to isopropanol, propanol to n-propanol, acrolein to allyl alcohol (and propionaldehyde), activated carboxylic acid esters, e.g., methyl trifluoroacetate and dimethyl oxalate, to corresponding alcohols, and acetonitrile to ethylamine. In most reactions, the selectivity for the hydrogenated products was above 90 per cent.
Improved Noise Power Spectrum Density Estimation for Binaural Hearing Aids Operating in a Diffuse Noise Field Environment (2009)

The current generation of digital hearing aids allows the implementation of advanced noise reduction schemes. However, most current noise reduction algorithms are monaural and are therefore intended for only bilateral hearing aids. Recently, binaural in contrast to monaural noise reduction schemes have been proposed, targeting future high-end binaural hearing aids. Those new types of hearing aids would allow the sharing of information/signals received from both left and right hearing aid microphones (via a wireless link) to generate an output for the left and right ear. This paper presents a novel noise power spectral density estimator for binaural hearing aids operating in a diffuse noise field environment, by taking advantage of the left and right reference signals that will be accessible, as opposed to the single reference signal currently available in bilateral hearing aids. In contrast with some previously published noise estimation methods for hearing aids or speech enhancement, the proposed noise estimator does not assume stationary noise, it can work for colored noise in a diffuse noise field, it does not require a voice activity detection, the noise power spectrum can be estimated during speech activity or not, it does not experience noise tracking latency and most importantly, it is not essential for the target speaker to be in front of the binaural hearing aid user to estimate the noise power spectrum, i.e., the direction of arrival of the source speech signal can be arbitrary. Finally, the proposed noise estimator can be combined with any hearing aid noise reduction technique, where the accuracy of the noise estimation can be critical to achieve a satisfactory de-noising performance.
Reduction of Landing Gear Noise Using Meshes (2010)

Acoustic and resistance measurements were performed in NLR's Small Anechoic Wind Tunnel on a large number of meshes intended for landing gear noise reduction. The meshes were tested on generic bluff bodies which simulated single and combined landing gear struts. An out-of-flow microphone array was used to localize and quantify the noise sources on the model. It is found that the meshes yield a drastic broadband noise reduction for a wide range of mesh materials and mesh shapes. The noise reduction occurs for all tested angles of attack and for all tested models. For the combined bodies it is found to be sufficient to treat only the upstream component with a mesh.