gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-step preparation of Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+ fine powder phosphors for white light-emitting diodes (2008)

A simple methodology for producing yellow-emitting Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors for white light-emitting diodes has been developed, which consists of postsynthesis activation of fine α-SiAlON powders prepared by the gas-reduction-nitridation method. Phase-pure, fine Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors possessing the particle size ranging ∼0.9–2.8μm and high quantum efficiencies of ∼44%–55% under near-UV to blue light excitation are obtained as the process developed. The chromaticity coordinate of the synthesized Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+ can be tailored by simply controlling the activator concentration, enabling the creation of a broad range of warm-white light with the correlated color temperatures of ∼3500–2600K.
Inhibition of Pathogen Adhesion by Bacterial Outer Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles (2019)

Abstract Anti‐adhesion therapies interfere with the bacterial adhesion to the host and thus avoid direct disruption of bacterial cycles for killing, which may alleviate resistance development. Herein, an anti‐adhesion nanomedicine platform is made by wrapping synthetic polymeric cores with bacterial outer membranes. The resulting bacterium‐mimicking nanoparticles (denoted “OM‐NPs”) compete with source bacteria for binding to the host. The “top‐down” fabrication of OM‐NPs avoids the identification of the adhesins and bypasses the design of agonists targeting these adhesins. In this study, OM‐NPs are made with the membrane of Helicobacter pylori and shown to bind with gastric epithelial cells (AGS cells). Treatment of AGS cells with OM‐NPs reduces H. pylori adhesion and such anti‐adhesion efficacy is dependent on OM‐NP concentration and its dosing sequence.
Amplitude and Direction of Atrial Depolarization Using a Multipolar Floating Catheter: Principles for a Single Lead VDD Pacing (1991)

VDD stimulation using a single catheter for atrial sensing and ventricular sensing and pacing has become a reality. In order to compare the quality of the cavitary atrial electrogram (AEG) and to determine the intraatrial P wave direction and conduction time (CT), we compared, in an acute study, three different types of atrial electrode systems using four different leads, in 53 patients in sinus rhythm. The three electrode systems were: (1) one experimental system with quadripolar orthogonal electrodes using the Goldreyer concept; (2) one experimental system with quadripolar whole ring electrodes; (3) two systems with diagonally oriented half-ring electrodes, one experimental quadripolar and one bipolar CCS commercial (Polysafe A-Track lead). For the experimental systems, the four electrodes forming two independent bipolar pairs were situated on the intraatrial floating portion of a single lead and one supplemental electrode was distally positioned in the right ventricular apex. Bipolar AEGs were recorded at the high and at the low levels of the right atrium. For the CCS lead, the single bipolar AEG was recorded at the high level of the right atrium only. The highest AEG amplitude and the highest values for ventricular far-field rejection were provided by both diagonally oriented half-ring electrodes at the high atrial level and by the whole ring electrodes at the low atrial level. For both atrial levels, the orthogonal electrode system provided the smallest AEG amplitudes, the highest ventricular electrogram amplitudes, and therefore, the smallest values for ventricular far-field rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Machine Comprehension by Text-to-Text Neural Question Generation (2017)

Xingdi Yuan, Tong Wang, Caglar Gulcehre, Alessandro Sordoni, Philip Bachman, Saizheng Zhang, Sandeep Subramanian, Adam Trischler. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Representation Learning for NLP. 2017.
Encapsulation of Mammalian Cells in Nanoporous Silica Gels: Interactions at the Biointerface (2012)

Encapsulation of cells in nanoporous silica gels has shown great potential for the development of biotechnology applications such as biosensors, biocatalysis, bioremediation, energy conversion systems, and cellular therapies [1]. However, even though the inorganic matrix confers improved mechanical properties, chemical and thermal stability, and is resistant to microbial attacks, long-term viability and function after encapsulation remains as one of the principal setbacks of this technology [2].
Upgrade of Passive Optical Network using Raman Amplification (2013)

We have studied Raman amplification for upgrading the existing passive optical network (PON). We focus on the upgrading of 10G-EPON (also XG-PON) system. First of all, we investigate transmission properties using distributed Raman amplification both theoretically and experimentally. Then, we investigate hybrid amplification, Er-doped fiber amplifier and a lumped Raman amplifier. Finally, Raman amplification for 10G-EPON systems is discussed.
New approach on fluorescence spectroscopy for caries detection (1999)

Today the diagnosis of caries is based mainly on examinations by visual inspection, dental probe or by x- rays. All methods are very limited when either initial or undermining caries have to be found. For initial caries promising results have been demonstrated by fluorescence spectroscopy with excitation wavelengths in the (ultra-)violet to green spectral region, especially 406 nm or 488 nm. In our investigations, we extended the considered excitation wavelength range into red. As expected, total fluorescence yield is decreasing with increasing wavelength, but this decrease is much more pronounced for sound compared to carious enamel or dentin. For 640 nm or 655 nm excitation for example, integral (λ>680nm) fluorescence intensity of cares can exceed that of healthy tissue by about one order of magnitude. This allows to detect caries by fluorescence intensity rather than by spectral analysis. On the basis of these results we have built up a system using a diode laser as light source, and a photo diode combined with a long pass filter as detector. It provides quantitatively reproducible measurements and detection even through sound enamel of 1 mm thickness. Clinical applications include detection of undermining caries and monitoring of the decay process.
The macrophage chemotactic activity of <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> extracellular products (2008)

The chemoattractant capabilities of Edwardsiella tarda extracellular products (ECP) were investigated from two isolates, the virulent FL6-60 parent and less virulent RET-04 mutant. Chemotaxis and chemokinesis were assayed in vitro using blind well chambers with peritoneal macrophages obtained from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, 5 days following squalene injection. Non-purified ECP derived from both isolates stimulated predominantly chemokinetic migration of macrophages. Additionally, the ECP were semi-purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. The FL6-60 parent ECP yielded higher molecular weight components than did the ECP from the RET-04 mutant. The chemotactic activity of the macrophages for both the FL6-60 parent and RET-04 mutant semi-purified ECP was increased over the non-purified ECP and overall migration was primarily chemotactic. Exposure to ECP derived from virulent and less virulent E. tarda isolates promoted chemokinetic movement of macrophages that may be involved in inflammatory responses of Nile tilapia to E. tarda infection.
Synthesis of Overlapping Fibrin Citrullinated Peptides and their use for Diagnosing Rheumatoid Arthritis (2006)

With the aim of developing a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect autoantibodies in the sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients with a high sensitivity and specificity using synthetic citrullinated peptides of fibrin (which is abundant in rheumatoid synovium) as antigenic substract, peptides belonging to alpha- and beta-fibrin chains were selected by computer-aided prediction of antigenicity and epitope mapping and synthesized in solid phase. We analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 133 sera from patients with well-characterized rheumatic diseases, including 67 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The results of the immunoassays reported highlight the usefulness of fibrin-related peptides in rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis and, especially, the ability and specificity of the [Cit(621,627,630)]alpha-fibrin(617-631) (alpha fib617) peptide sequence to recognize the autoantibodies that are present in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Recovery of Copper from Motor Scrap Utilizing Ammonia Leaching Technique. Stuidies on the selective recovery of copper and iron from motor scrap. (2nd Report). (1993)

To develop a hydrometallurgical process for the selective recovery of copper and iron from motor scrap. the leaching of copper with Cu (II). ammine solution using a spray-type or an up-stream penetration type reaction tank has been examined, and a closed circuit process has been proposed for the copper recovery. Copper can be leached by either spray leaching or up-stream penetration leaching with large leaching rate, where the resultant Cu (I) is oxidized to Cu (II) with air during the circulation of leachant. The leaching rate is greater in the up-stream penetration leaching than that in the other, since the whole copper sample is submerged in the leachant in the up-stream penetration leaching. Copper is leached efficiently from motor scrap as well as copper wire. Copper can be recovered from motor scrap in the closed circuit process which consists of the Cu (II) ammine leaching, solvent extraction with Lix 84, and electrowinning of copper from the stripping solution.
Motion-compensated estimation of delivered dose during external beam radiation therapy: Implementation in Philips’ Pinnacle<sup>3</sup>treatment planning system (2011)

Purpose: Recent research efforts investigating dose escalation techniques for three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) have demonstrated great benefit when high-dose hypofractionated treatment schemes are implemented. The use of these paradigms emphasizes the importance of smaller treatment margins to avoid high dose to surrounding normal tissue or organs at risk (OARs). However, tighter margins may lead to underdosage of the target due to the presence of organ motion. It is important to characterize organ motion and possibly account for it during treatment delivery. The need for real-time localization of dynamic targets has encouraged the use and development of more continuous motion monitoring systems such as kilo-voltage/fluoroscopic imaging, electromagnetic tracking, and optical monitoring systems. Methods: This paper presents the implementation of an algorithm to quantify translational and rotational interfractional and intrafractional prostate motion and compute the dosimetric effects of these motion patterns. The estimated delivered dose is compared with the static plan dose to evaluate the success of delivering the plan in the presence of prostate motion. The method is implemented on a commercial treatment planning system (Pinnacle3, Philips Radiation Oncology Systems, Philips Healthcare) and is termed delivered dose investigational tool (DiDIT). The DiDIT implementation in Pinnacle3 is validated by comparisons with previously published results. Finally, different workflows are discussed with respect to the potential use of this tool in clinical treatment planning. Results: The DiDIT dose estimation process took approximately 5–20 min (depending on the number of fractions analyzed) on a Pinnacle3 9.100 research version running on a Dell M90 system (Dell, Inc., Round Rock, TX, USA) equipped with an Intel Core 2 Duo processor (Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The DiDIT implementation in Pinnacle3 was found to be in agreement with previously published results, on the basis of the percent dose difference (PDD). This metric was also utilized to compare plan dose versus delivered dose, for prostate targets in three clinically acceptable treatment plans. Conclusions: This paper presents results from the implementation of an algorithm on a commercially available treatment planning system that quantifies the dosimetric effects of interfractional and intrafractional motion in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) of prostate cancer. The implementation of this algorithm within a commercial treatment planning system such as Pinnacle3 enables easy deployment in the existing clinical workflow. The results of the PDD tests validate the implementation of the DiDIT algorithm in Pinnacle3, in comparison with previously published results.
Video streaming with SHVC to HEVC transcoding (2015)

This paper proposes an efficient Scalable High efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) transcoder, which can reduce the transcoding complexity significantly, and provide a desired trade-off between the transcoding complexity and the transcoded video quality. To reduce the transcoding complexity, some of coding information, such as coding unit (CU) depth, prediction mode, merge mode, motion vector information, intra direction information and transform unit (TU) depth information, in the SHVC bitstream are mapped and transcoded to single layer HEVC bitstream. One major difficulty in transcoding arises when trying to reuse the motion information from SHVC bitstream since motion vectors referring to inter-layer reference (ILR) pictures cannot be reused directly in transcoding. Reusing motion information obtained from ILR pictures for those prediction units (PUs) will reduce the complexity of the SHVC transcoder greatly but a significant reduction in the quality of the picture is observed. Pictures corresponding to the intra refresh pictures in the base layer (BL) will be coded as P pictures in enhancement layer (EL) in the SHVC bitstream; and directly reusing the intra information from the BL for transcoding will not get a good coding efficiency. To solve these problems, various transcoding technologies are proposed. The proposed technologies offer different trade-offs between transcoding speed and transcoding quality. They are implemented on the basis of reference software SHM-6.0 and HM-14.0 for the two layer spatial scalability configuration. Simulations show that the proposed SHVC software transcoder reduces the transcoding complexity by up to 98-99% using low complexity transcoding mode when compared with cascaded re-encoding method. The transcoder performance at various bitrates with different transcoding modes are compared in terms of transcoding speed and transcoded video quality.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering of pulses in optical fibers (2014)

We derive analytic expressions for the Brillouin thresholds of square pulses in optical fibers. The equations are valid for pulse durations in the transient Brillouin scattering regime (less than 100 nsec), as well for longer pulses, and have been confirmed experimentally. Our analysis also gives a firm theoretical prediction that the Brillouin gain width increases dramatically for intense pulses, from tens of MHz to one GHz or more.
Aliphatic propargylamines: New antiapoptotic drugs (1997)

Two series of drugs, the aliphatic-N-methyl propargylamines and the aliphatic propargylamines, have been synthesised and shown to be specific, irreversible, and potent monoamine oxidase B inhibitors and neural rescue agents. In the latter case, an absolute stereochemical requirement for the R isomer exists. Both series of compounds have been shown, in numerous in vitro and in vivo experimental paradigms, to be effective neuronal rescue agents. Candidates from both series exhibit excellent bioavailability and pharmacokinetics and offer opportunities for treating neurodegenerative disorders and stroke and cognitive decline in companion animals. Drug Dev. Res. 42:150–156, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Role of TGF-beta 1 in experimental glomerulonephritis. (1991)

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix within the damaged glomeruli. We have shown that TGF-beta 1 is unique in regulating the production of proteoglycans and matrix glycoproteins by glomerular cells in vitro. In an experimental model of glomerulonephritis in rats we found increased proteoglycan and fibronectin synthesis by cultured nephritic glomeruli, which was greatly reduced by addition of antiserum to TGF-beta 1. Conditioned media from glomerular cultures induced elevated proteoglycan synthesis when added to normal cultured mesangial cells. This stimulation was blocked by addition of TGF-beta antiserum. Glomerular histology showed mesangial matrix expansion with a time course that roughly paralleled that of the elevated proteoglycan synthesis by the nephritic glomeruli was increased. Administration of anti-TGF-beta 1 at the time of induction of glomerulonephritis suppressed the elevated extracellular matrix production and dramatically attenuated histological manifestations of the disease. Our results provide direct evidence for a causal role of TGF-beta 1 in the pathogenesis of the experimental disease and suggest a new approach to the therapy of glomerulonephritis.
Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry at Trial by Metabo-Ring: Effective Electrophoretic Mobility for Reproducible and Robust Compound Annotation (2020)

Capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a mature analytical tool for the efficient profiling of (highly) polar and ionizable compounds. However, the use of CE-MS in comparison to other separation techniques remains underrepresented in metabolomics, as this analytical approach is still perceived as technically challenging and less reproducible, notably for migration time. The latter is key for a reliable comparison of metabolic profiles and for unknown biomarker identification that is complementary to high resolution MS/MS. In this work, we present the results of a Metabo-ring trial involving 16 CE-MS platforms among 13 different laboratories spanning two continents. The goal was to assess the reproducibility and identification capability of CE-MS by employing effective electrophoretic mobility (μ<sub>eff</sub>) as the key parameter in comparison to the relative migration time (RMT) approach. For this purpose, a representative cationic metabolite mixture in water, pretreated human plasma, and urine samples spiked with the same metabolite mixture were used and distributed for analysis by all laboratories. The μ<sub>eff</sub> was determined for all metabolites spiked into each sample. The background electrolyte (BGE) was prepared and employed by each participating lab following the same protocol. All other parameters (capillary, interface, injection volume, voltage ramp, temperature, capillary conditioning, and rinsing procedure, etc.) were left to the discretion of the contributing laboratories. The results revealed that the reproducibility of the μ<sub>eff</sub> for 20 out of the 21 model compounds was below 3.1% vs 10.9% for RMT, regardless of the huge heterogeneity in experimental conditions and platforms across the 13 laboratories. Overall, this Metabo-ring trial demonstrated that CE-MS is a viable and reproducible approach for metabolomics.
Diagnostic Instrumental Speech Quality Assessment in a Super-Wideband Context (2010)

Speech quality models usually estimate the integral quality of the degraded speech files.Such quality values do not inform system developers and telephone service providers on the perceived degradation introduced by the system under study.This paper describes a new intrusive speech quality model, called Diagnostic Instrumental Assessment of Listening quality (DIAL), providing diagnostic information in both narrow-band and super-wideband contexts.Contrary to previous methods, this model estimates scores on four perceptual quality dimensions, Directness/Frequency content, Continuity, Noisiness and Loudness.These four dimensions are assumed to define the whole speech quality space.
Boosting the performance of flow-sensitive points-to analysis using value flow (2011)

Points-to analysis is a fundamental static analysis technique which computes the set of memory objects that a pointer may point to. Many different applications, such as security-related program analyses, bug checking, and analyses of multi-threaded programs, require precise points-to information to be effective. Recent work has focused on improving the precision of points-to analysis through flow-sensitivity and great progress has been made. However, even with all recent progress, flow-sensitive points-to analysis can still be much slower than a flow-insensitive analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIMYCOTIC IMIDAZOLES. 5. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMYCOTIC PROPERTIES OF 1‐((2‐ARYL‐4‐(ARYLALKYL)‐1,3‐DIOXOLAN‐2‐YL)METHYL)‐1H‐IMIDAZOLES (1982)

Abstract Die Ketalisierung der Bromacetophenone (I) mit den Diolen (II) ergibt die Bromketale (III), die mit Imidazol (IV) zu den Verbindungen (V) substituiert werden.
Novel Secreted Antigens of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as Serodiagnostic Biomarkers for Johne's Disease in Cattle (2013)

Johne's disease is a chronic gastroenteritis of cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that afflicts 40% of dairy herds worldwide. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle can remain asymptomatic for years while transmitting the pathogen via fecal contamination and milk. Current serodiagnosis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) fails to detect asymptomatic M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle due to the use of poorly defined antigens and knowledge gaps in our understanding of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis components eliciting pathogen-specific immune responses. We set out to (i) define a subset of proteins that contain putative antigenic targets and (ii) screen these antigen pools for immunogens relevant in detecting infection. To accomplish our first objective, we captured and resolved M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-secreted proteins using a 2-step fractionation method and reverse-phase liquid chromatography to identify 162 unique proteins, of which 66 had not been previously observed in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis culture filtrates. Subsequent screening of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-secreted proteins showed four antigens, of which one or more reacted on immunoblotting with individual serum samples from 35 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cows. Moreover, these novel antigens reacted with sera from 6 low M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis shedders and 3 fecal-culture-positive cows labeled as ELISA seronegative. The specificity of these antigens was demonstrated using negative-control sera from uninfected calves (n = 5) and uninfected cows (n = 5), which did not react to any of these antigens in immunoblotting. As three of the four antigens are novel, their characterization and incorporation into an ELISA-based format will aid in detecting asymptomatic cattle in early or subclinical stages of disease.