gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a reliable multicast protocol (2002)

A multicast protocol that is independent of the subnetwork and can operate on the top of a basic datagram network is described. The protocol provides reliable communication among the members of a group nd guarantees that each message sent to a group G is delivered to all active, i.e. both correct and faulty, processes in G or to none of them, and that all the members of G consistently decide on the same progressive order to process messages. The focus is mainly on the design of the protocol. The protocol architecture to which it belongs is described, and some simulation results are given. An outline of the protocol algorithm, which uses a centralized approach based on the rotating coordinator paradigm, allows processes to asynchronously decide on a given value, and recovers processes from failures through history buffers, is also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure and function of nuclear hormone receptors. (1990)

Nuclear hormone receptors are a class of transcription factors whose activity depends on the binding of a ligand. The proteins are structurally and functionally related and include the receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormone and a number of vitamins, including the morphogen retinoic acid. The regions of the receptor responsible for ligand binding, nuclear localization, protein dimerisation, DNA binding and transcriptional transactivation have been identified and the functional domains are now being characterized. An aberrant form of the thyroid hormone receptor, v-erb A, is oncogenic in avian erythroid cells and androgens and oestrogens influence the growth of a number of common human cancers. Drugs that antagonise the action of these steroids are being developed and some of them are clinically useful.
A shot classification method of selecting effective key-frames for video browsing (1996)

Article Free Access Share on A shot classification method of selecting effective key-frames for video browsing Authors: Hisashi Aoki Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210, Japan Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210, JapanView Profile , Shigeyoshi Shimotsuji Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210, Japan Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210, JapanView Profile , Osamu Hori Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210, Japan Research and Development Center, Toshiba Corporation, 1, Komukai Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210, JapanView Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '96: Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on MultimediaFebruary 1997 Pages 1–10https://doi.org/10.1145/244130.244135Published:01 February 1997Publication History 46citation744DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations46Total Downloads744Last 12 Months34Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
ALS-associated mutant SOD1G93A causes mitochondrial vacuolation by expansion of the intermembrane space and by involvement of SOD1 aggregation and peroxisomes (2003)

These findings demonstrate that mutant SOD1, possibly by toxicity associated with its aggregation, causes mitochondrial degeneration by inducing extension and leakage of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and expansion of the intermembrane space. This could release the pro-cell death molecules normally residing in the intermembrane space and initiate motor neuron degeneration. This Mitochondrial Vacuolation by Intermembrane Space Expansion (MVISE) fits neither MPT nor autophagic vacuolation mechanisms, and thus, is a previously uncharacterized mechanism of mitochondrial degeneration in mammalian CNS.
Plasmonic Sensors for Disease Detection - A Review (2016)

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) have become powerful bio-sensing techniques. These techniques allow for rapid and ultra-sensitive detection of biological analytes with applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Plasmonic sensors are fabricated using metal nanoparticles, metal nanostructures or a combination of both. With major advancements in the area of nano synthesis, the development of plasmonic sensors has expanded significantly. Plasmonic platforms offer a viable substitute to detection techniques such as Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in some cases and complement them in many others. Most of the state-of-the-art plasmonic biosensors can measure binding affinity and kinetic rates in real time from any molecule that can change its refractive index. Other developments in plasmonics include the use of metamaterials that operate in the visible and infra-red region. In this review, we will briefly cover the developments in the last few years in plasmonics as it relates to disease detection.
Medical Management of Accommodative Esotropia (1983)

Cycloplegic drugs are the principal medications used in the diagnosis of accommodative esotropia. The same cycloplegics can be used as a "medical patch" in the treatment of amblyopia. Miotics may be as good as glasses in controlling accommodative esotropia but are almost never better. The response to miotics does not rule out the presence of accommodative esotropia. Miotics also may be used as a supplementary agent to glasses, bifocals, or surgery in the treatment of esotropia. The most widely used miotics today include phospholine iodide and DFP with iris cysts being the major local side effect in the eye with the use of miotics in children. Miotics and other drugs are valuable tools in the treatment of accommodative esotropia; however, the use must be correlated with other tools, including surgery, patching, glasses, and orthoptic exercises.
Activation and desensitization of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors in nucleated outside‐out patches from mouse neurones. (1992)

1. Activation and desensitization of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were studied in large outside-out patches excised from cultured embryonic neurones dissociated from mouse forebrain. The patches were exposed to rapid changes of NMDA or L-glutamate concentrations in the presence of glycine at concentrations (10-20 microM) saturating the modulatory site of the NMDA receptor. 2. Immediately after formation of the patch the responses to NMDA and L-glutamate showed a slow and small desensitization, even with high concentrations of agonist. During the following hour, the peak response either decreased or remained relatively stable, but in all cases the desensitization increased and accelerated until it stabilized. In this 'stabilized' state, the desensitization produced by high concentrations of NMDA (1 mM) or L-glutamate (300 microM) had an exponential time course, with a time constant of about 30 ms. The ratio of the peak over the steady-state current was in the order of 40 for NMDA and about 30 for L-glutamate. 3. Concentration-response curves were built for the peak and the plateau responses, for NMDA and for L-glutamate. The comparison of these curves indicated that (i) the EC50 of the peak (K(app) was always higher than the EC50 of the plateau (Kss); (ii) the two EC50 values for NMDA (K(app) and Kss) were higher than those for L-glutamate; (iii) the Hill coefficient was close to 1.4 for each of the four curves. 4. The application of NMDA or L-glutamate at a low concentration for 3 s periods reduced the response to a subsequent application of the same agonist at a saturating concentration. The IC50 of this 'predesensitization', termed Kpre, was lower than the EC50 of the steady-state response, Kss. 5. The onset rates of desensitization increased with the concentration of agonist. The EC50 of this relation was close to the value of K(app). 6. The decay of the currents at the end of a 3 s application of agonist was usually well described by the sum of two exponentials both of which were faster for NMDA than for L-glutamate. 7. The recovery from desensitization after a long (3 s) pulse of agonist was approximately exponential, with a time constant of about 0.5 s for NMDA and about 3.5 s for L-glutamate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ketoconazole inhibition of triazolam and alprazolam clearance: Differential kinetic and dynamic consequences* (1998)

For triazolam, an intermediate-extraction compound, impaired clearance by ketoconazole has more profound clinical consequences than those for alprazolam, a low extraction compound.
Pulmonary Permeability Assessed by Fluorescent-Labeled Dextran Instilled Intranasally into Mice with LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury (2014)

In conclusion, the measurement of FITC-Dextran in plasma after intranasal instillation is a simple, reliable, and reproducible method to evaluate lung permeability alterations in vivo. The concentration of FITC-Dextran in the plasma may be useful as a potential peripheral biomarker of ALI in experimental clinical studies.
Effects of scatter and attenuation correction on quantitative assessment of regional cerebral blood flow with SPECT. (1998)

This study shows little loss in accuracy results from assuming uniform mu map. However, scatter correction is required for the quantitative rCBF values and gray-to-white ratios to approach those of PET.
Material and Energy Balances (2017)

Perhaps the most common of all the calculations that chemical engineers will need to perform during their careers are balances over entire processes or parts of processes. Material balances allow engineers to work out not only how much of each product will be produced per tonne of feed, but also the composition and amount of every stream within the process. Energy balances allow a knowledge of the energy flowing into and out of a system, together with energy generated or consumed through chemical reactions, to calculate the temperatures of every stream throughout a process. They also permit engineers to determine the amount of energy that must be either added to, or removed from, a process to ensure that the system operates at safe temperatures. This chapter introduces the reader to balance calculations, starting with simple systems that take place without chemical reactions, to more complex processes in which a number of chemical reactions occur simultaneously, consuming and producing various compounds and heat. Worked examples are extensively used throughout the chapter.
RNA interference in mammals: behind the screen (2011)

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) and the development of technologies exploiting its biology have enabled scientists to rapidly examine the consequences of depleting a particular gene product in a cell or an animal. The availability of genome-wide RNAi libraries targeting the mouse and human genomes has made it possible to carry out large scale, phenotype-based screens, which have yielded seminal information on diverse cellular processes ranging from virology to cancer biology. Today, several strategies are available to perform RNAi screens, each with their own technical and monetary considerations. Special care and budgeting must be taken into account during the design of these screens in order to obtain reliable results. In this review, we discuss a number of critical aspects to consider when planning an effective RNAi screening strategy, including selecting the right biological system, designing an appropriate selection scheme, optimizing technical aspects of the screen, and validating and verifying the hits. Similar to an artistic production, what happens behind the screen has a direct impact on its success.
Plasmonic Nanostructures:  Artificial Molecules (2006)

This Account describes a new paradigm for the relationship between the geometry of metallic nanostructures and their optical properties. While the interaction of light with metallic nanoparticles is determined by their collective electronic or plasmon response, a compelling analogy exists between plasmon resonances of metallic nanoparticles and wave functions of simple atoms and molecules. Based on this insight, an entire family of plasmonic nanostructures, artificial molecules, has been developed whose optical properties can be understood within this picture: nanoparticles (nanoshells, nanoeggs, nanomatryushkas, nanorice), multi-nanoparticle assemblies (dimers, trimers, quadrumers), and a nanoparticle-over-metallic film, an electromagnetic analog of the spinless Anderson model.
Structure and Expression of Endogenous Retroviral Sequences in the Permanent LMH Chicken Cell Line (1995)

From DNA mapping data, four endogenous proviral loci have been observed in the chicken permanent cell line LMH. The locus corresponding to endogenous virus (ev) ev1 is present in duplicate whereas the locus corresponding to ev3 is present in one copy. The other loci are probably ev6 and a solitary long terminal repeat. A RNA Northern blot analysis revealed both ev3 and ev6 transcripts but no ev1 transcript was detected. Using avian leukosis virus (ALV)-based vectors, transcomplementing assays were performed. They demonstrate the correct expression and maturation of endogenous env proteins and the absence of production of functional gag and pol components, indicating that these cells are not competent for viral production.
Faraday-effect magnetic field sensors based on substituted iron garnets (1991)

The class of ferrimagnetic materials known as substituted iron garnets display characteristics which make them suitable for applications of magnetometry requiring high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, or high speed. Diamagnetic substitution, in which specific iron ions are replaced by diamagnetic ions, reduces the saturation magnetization and increases the sensitivity. We find that the sensitivity of a composition of gallium-substituted yttrium iron garnet is six times greater than of pure yttrium iron garnet. The noise-equivalent magnetic field for a sample of this material has been measured as approximately 100 pT/THz.
Approximate Re-Analysis of Dynamic Systems (1994)

Abstract Dynamic analysis of a mechanical system is extremely time consuming. It may be desirable for a designer to approximate the state variables at a new design if state and sensitivity information at previous designs are already available. In this paper, several approximate re-analysis schemes have been explored. These include Taylor’s series of first and second order, weighted sum of state variables and weighted sum of Taylor’s series. The results show that Taylor’s series of second order can predict state variables quite well if the perturbation in design is relatively small. Weighted sum approximation based on state variables can generally give acceptable results, while weighted Taylor’s series is generally unsatisfactory if the perturbation is large.
Learning programs by learning from failures (2021)

Abstract We describe an inductive logic programming (ILP) approach called learning from failures . In this approach, an ILP system (the learner) decomposes the learning problem into three separate stages: generate , test , and constrain . In the generate stage, the learner generates a hypothesis (a logic program) that satisfies a set of hypothesis constraints (constraints on the syntactic form of hypotheses). In the test stage, the learner tests the hypothesis against training examples. A hypothesis fails when it does not entail all the positive examples or entails a negative example. If a hypothesis fails, then, in the constrain stage, the learner learns constraints from the failed hypothesis to prune the hypothesis space, i.e. to constrain subsequent hypothesis generation. For instance, if a hypothesis is too general (entails a negative example), the constraints prune generalisations of the hypothesis. If a hypothesis is too specific (does not entail all the positive examples), the constraints prune specialisations of the hypothesis. This loop repeats until either (i) the learner finds a hypothesis that entails all the positive and none of the negative examples, or (ii) there are no more hypotheses to test. We introduce Popper, an ILP system that implements this approach by combining answer set programming and Prolog. Popper supports infinite problem domains, reasoning about lists and numbers, learning textually minimal programs, and learning recursive programs. Our experimental results on three domains (toy game problems, robot strategies, and list transformations) show that (i) constraints drastically improve learning performance, and (ii) Popper can outperform existing ILP systems, both in terms of predictive accuracies and learning times.
Abstract C38: Iroquois homeobox gene 3 is temporally regulated in response to vascular endothelial growth factor and modulates endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Differences in tumor-induced angiogenesis contributes to cancer-related health disparities. Understanding the transcriptional regulation of angiogenesis within endothelial cells (ECs) is essential to the development of anti-angiogenic therapies. Here we report that the homeobox gene, Irx3 is expressed in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and modulates their migration and ability to form networks during angiogenesis. Methods: To test the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on Irx3 expression, HMECs were treated with VEGF for 0 to 48 hours followed by extraction of total RNA and protein. Irx3 mRNA and protein expression were determined using qRT-PCR and western immunoblot respectively. Wound-healing and transwell migration assays were performed to investigate the role of Irx3 on EC migration in response to VEGF. For migration experiments, HMECs were transduced with adenoviral vectors resulting in the loss-of (Ad.mirIrx3-GFP) or gain-of (Ad.Irx3-V5) Irx3 function. We conducted a 672 transcription factor (TF) siRNA screen to identify transcriptional regulators of Irx3 expression in response to VEGF. HMECs were reverse-transfected with siRNAs and treated with VEGF for 12 hours. Total RNA was extracted for RT-PCR to determine Irx3 expression. Finally, we performed in vitro endothelial cell tubulogenesis assays using HMECs transduced with Ad.Irx3-V5, Ad.mirIrx3-GFP and their respective controls to study changes in endothelial tube formation as a result of differential Irx3 expression. Results: VEGF treatment increases Irx3 expression at the mRNA and protein levels, with peak expression at 12 hours. HMECs transduced with Ad.mirIrx3-GFP exhibited decreased migration at 12 hours compared to HMECs transduced with Ad.Irx3-V5. Furthermore, when HMECs are transduced with Ad.Irx3-V5, they exhibit increased migration and invasiveness in transwell migration assays and form more complex networks during tube formation. The siRNA screen suggests that Irx3 is regulated by HEY1, a known transcriptional regulator of angiogenesis. Conclusion: Our results provide compelling evidence that the homeobox gene Irx3 regulates EC migration, and is directly regulated by TFs known to govern transcriptional signaling during angiogenesis. Grant Support: This work was supported in part by the following grants; the CVRI Center of Excellence Grant, NIH/NCRR/RCMI G12-RR03034, and the MBRS/RISE Program 2R25GM058268. Citation Format: Kisha A. Scarlett, Vaishnavi Pattabiraman, Leonard M. Anderson. Iroquois homeobox gene 3 is temporally regulated in response to vascular endothelial growth factor and modulates endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C38.
Logic-Compatible Multilevel Gain-Cell-Based DRAM for VLSI-SoCs (2010)

Increasing need for embedded memories in VLSI SoCs and ASICs Many systems require only short retention times Skip refresh cycles Compromise retention time for higher storage density SoC Consumer Portable Design Complexity Trends [ITRS'09].
PKI Scalability Issues (2004)

This report surveys different PKI technologies such as PKIX and SPKI and the issues of PKI that affect scalability. Much focus is spent on certificate revocation methodologies and status verification systems such as CRLs, Delta-CRLs, CRS, Certificate Revocation Trees, Windowed Certificate Revocation, OCSP, SCVP and DVCS.
Cluster membership probabilities from proper motions and multi-wavelength photometric catalogues (2014)

Context. With the advent of deep wide surveys, large photometric and astrometric catalogues of literally all nearby clusters and associations have been produced. The unprecedented accuracy and sensitivity of these data sets and their broad spatial, temporal and wavelength coverage make obsolete the classical membership selection methods that were based on a handful of colours and luminosities. We present a new technique designed to take full advantage of the high dimensionality (photometric, astrometric, temporal) of such a survey to derive self-consistent and robust membership probabilities of the Pleiades cluster. Aims. We aim at developing a methodology to infer membership probabilities to the Pleiades cluster from the DANCe multidimensional astro-photometric data set in a consistent way throughout the entire derivation. The determination of the membership probabilities has to be applicable to censored data and must incorporate the measurement uncertainties into the inference procedure. Methods. We use Bayes’ theorem and a curvilinear forward model for the likelihood of the measurements of cluster members in the colour–magnitude space, to infer posterior membership probabilities. The distribution of the cluster members proper motions and the distribution of contaminants in the full multidimensional astro-photometric space is modelled with a mixture-of-Gaussians likelihood. Results. We analyse several representation spaces composed of the proper motions plus a subset of the available magnitudes and colour indices. We select two prominent representation spaces composed of variables selected using feature relevance determination techniques based in Random Forests, and analyse the resulting samples of high probability candidates. We consistently find lists of high probability (p > 0.9975) candidates with ≈1000 sources, 4 to 5 times more than obtained in the most recent astro-photometric studies of the cluster. Conclusions. Multidimensional data sets require statistically sound multivariate analysis techniques to fully exploit their scientific information content. Proper motions in particular are, as expected, critical for the correct separation of contaminants. The methodology presented here is ready for application in data sets that include more dimensions, such as radial and/or rotational velocities, spectral indices, and variability.