gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of dual-bridge matrix converter operating under unbalanced source voltages (2004)

The dual-bridge matrix converter concept has been gaining recognition as a promising circuit alternative in recent years. A direct feed-forward unbalance control method with power factor adjustment ability is developed for a 9-switch dual-bridge matrix converter system. It firstly detects the line side source voltages. Then, after adjusting the switching functions of only the line side converter, the system can provide balanced output voltage with slightly distortion of line side current. Analysis demonstrates that the output voltage capacity and power factor adjustability is limited under unbalanced conditions. Theory analysis, simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of this control method.
<title>High-power source and illumination system for extreme ultraviolet lithography</title> (1999)

A clean, high-power Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) light source is being developed for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). The source is based on a continuous jet of condensable gas irradiated with a diode-pumped solid state laser producing a time-averaged output power of 1700 W at 5000 - 6000 Hz. An illumination system is being assembled to collect and deliver the EUV output from the source and deliver it to a reticle and projection optics box to achieve an EUV exposure rate equivalent to ten 300-mm wafers per hour.
Novel Peptidomimetics for Inhibition of <scp>HER</scp>2:<scp>HER</scp>3 Heterodimerization in <scp>HER</scp>2‐Positive Breast Cancer (2014)

The current approach to treating HER2-overexpressed breast cancer is the use of monoclonal antibodies or a combination of antibodies with traditional chemotherapeutic agents or kinase inhibitors. Our approach is to target clinically validated HER2 domain IV with peptidomimetics and inhibit the protein-protein interactions (PPI) of HERs. Unlike antibodies, peptidomimetics have advantages in terms of stability, modification, and molecular size. We have designed peptidomimetics (compounds 5 and 9) that bind to HER2 domain IV, inhibit protein-protein interactions, and decrease cell viability in breast cancer cells with HER2 overexpression. We have shown, using enzyme fragment complementation and proximity ligation assays, that peptidomimetics inhibit the PPI of HER2:HER3. Compounds 5 and 9 suppressed the tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, we have shown that these compounds inhibit PPI of HER2:HER3 and phosphorylation of HER2 as compared to control in tissue samples derived from in vivo studies. The stability of the compounds was also investigated in mouse serum, and the compounds exhibited stability with a half-life of up to 3 h. These results suggest that the novel peptidomimetics we have developed target the extracellular domain of HER2 protein and inhibit HER2:HER3 interaction, providing a novel method to treat HER2-positive cancer.
A low noise readout detector circuit for nano-ampere sensor applications (2002)

A readout detector integrated circuit (IC) has been developed which is capable of detecting nano-ampere photo-current signals of interest in a high (micro-ampere) background illumination or DC noise level (SNR=92 dB). The readout detector sensor IC processes transient signals of interest from a separate photodiode pixel array chip. Low noise signal conditioning, filtering, and signal thresholding implement smart sensor detection of only "active pixels". This detector circuit can also be used to perform signal conditioning for other sensor applications that require detection of very small signals in a high background noise environment.
When are transmission-line effects important for on-chip interconnections (2002)

Short, medium and long on-chip interconnections having line widths of 0.45-52 /spl mu/m are analyzed in a five-metal-layer structure. We study capacitive coupling for short lines, inductive coupling for medium-length lines, inductance and resistance of the current return path in the power buses and line resistive losses for the global wiring. Design guidelines and technology changes are proposed to achieve minimum delay and contain crosstalk for local and global wiring. Conditional expressions are given to determine when transmission-line effects are important for accurate delay and crosstalk prediction.
Microstructure and properties of two glass-ceramics: a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic nucleated by P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> and an apatite glass-ceramic (1999)

Two glass-ceramics, a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (sintered and hot-pressed) and an apatite glass-ceramics (sintered) are the materials of the new IPS Empress® 2 system. First, the sintered and hot-pressed glass-ceramic consists of lithium disilicate crystals (Li2Si2O5) as the main crystal phase and lithium orthophosphate (Li3PO4) as the secondary phase. The crystalline phases are homogenously embedded in a glassy matrix. The crystallinity of the glass-ceramic is more than 60 volume%. The hot-pressed IPS Empress® 2 glass-ceramic has a three-point flexural strength of 350±50MPa. The fracture toughness measures 3.2±0.2MPa√m. Second, the special sintered glass-ceramics have been specifically developed for the layering technique. These materials contain apatite crystals similar to those in natural teeth. The apatite glass-ceramics are sintered on the hot-pressed IPS Empress® 2 frame at 800°C. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the sintered glass-ceramics is conditioned with that of the pressed material. The scattering of light by the apatite crystals in the restorations is similar to that in natural dentition.
Molecular Imaging of Tumors Using a Quantitative T1 Mapping Technique via Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2015)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with molecular imaging agents would allow for the specific localization of brain tumors. Prior studies using T 1-weighted MR imaging demonstrated that the SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 molecular imaging agent labeled heterotopic xenograft models of brain tumors more intensely than non-specific contrast agents using conventional T 1-weighted imaging techniques. In this study, we used a dynamic quantitative T 1 mapping strategy to more objectively compare intra-tumoral retention of the SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 agent over time in comparison to non-targeted control agents. Our results demonstrate that the targeted SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 agent, a scrambled-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 control agent, and the non-specific clinical contrast agent Optimark(™) all enhanced flank tumors of human glioma cells with similar maximal changes on T 1 mapping. However, the retention of the agents differs. The non-specific agents show significant recovery within 20 min by an increase in T 1 while the specific agent SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 is retained in the tumors and shows little recovery over 60 min. The retention effect is demonstrated by percent change in T 1 values and slope calculations as well as by calculations of gadolinium concentration in tumor compared to muscle. Quantitative T 1 mapping demonstrates the superior binding and retention in tumors of the SBK2-Tris-(Gd-DOTA)3 agent over time compared to the non-specific contrast agent currently in clinical use.
Anthrax-protective effects of yeast beta 1,3 glucans. (2003)

These results demonstrate the potential for beta1,3-glucan immune modulators to provide a significant degree of protection against anthrax, a potential biological warfare (BW) agent in a mouse model of anthrax infection. Further studies are needed to optimize protection, evaluate activity in combination with other treatment options, demonstrate activity in a validated primate model of infection, and determine if protection is effective against other potential BW agents.
Oral immunization of broilers with chitosan nano-encapsulated extracellular and cell wall proteins of necrotic enteritis-induced <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (2020)

Abstract Currently, there is no commercial vaccine to control Clostridium perfringens (CP) or necrotic enteritis – a clinically and economically devastating disease. Two chitosan-nanoparticle encapsulated CP (CNP-CP) vaccines using extracellular proteins (ECP) and cell wall proteins (CWP) were synthesized: a CNP-CP ECP + CWP vaccine (SC vaccine) and a CNP-CP ECP + CWP surface-adsorbed CWP vaccine (SCC vaccine). The experiment comprised a complete randomized design of 3 treatments replicated 5 times: SC, SCC and nonimmunized control. Broilers orally gavaged with SC or SCC vaccine were primed and boosted with 70μg dose at 3- and 14-days post-hatch (dph). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed bands at 54.7 and 84.7 kDa in the ECP and 17 bands for CWP fraction. There were no differences in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate between treatments. At 17dph, serum of birds in the SC and SCC groups had higher neutralizing antibodies ( P <0.01) compared to the control group. At 17dph, there was an increase in bile anti-ECP IgA levels in the SC vaccinated birds and a non-significant increase in SCC vaccinated birds compared to control. At 17dph, bile specific anti-CP CWP IgA levels were greater ( P < 0.05 ) in both immunized groups compared to control. At 17 and 21dph, serum anti-ECP and anti-CP CWP IgY levels in SC and SCC birds were comparable to the control. At 21dph, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in SC and SCC vaccinated groups were elevated ( P ≤ 0.01 ) compared to control. At 17dph, SC and SCC vaccinated birds had a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.001) in α-toxin levels in caecal contents compared to control. Caecal α-toxin levels remained reduced at 21dph (P < 0.05) in SC birds and numerically reduced in SCC vaccinated birds compared to control. Jejunal CP load in SCC birds was significantly reduced by 1.4 Log 10 copy numbers of CP/g compared to control and no differences were observed in liver CP load between immunized and non-immunized birds. SC and SCC immunization did not alter TNF-α, IL-10, iNOS, IL-6 or IL-17 mRNA expression. At 17 and 21dph, SC and SCC immunized birds demonstrated greater sera bactericidal activity compared to control. CNP-SC and CNP-SCC immunization induced specific immune response against C. perfringens and reduced CP colonization via oral route of administration.
Parathyroid Hypertensive Factor and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1994)

The recently discovered parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF) has been shown to increase intracellular free calcium levels. High intracellular calcium can cause insulin resistance, as seen in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. We therefore compared plasma PHF activity in NIDDM patients and nondiabetic control subjects using a rat bioassay. More NIDDM patients (65%) than non-diabetic controls (33.3%) had detectable PHF activity. When injected into rats, plasma of 185 NIDDM patients caused an average increase of 4.89 +/- 0.68 mm Hg in rat mean arterial pressure (MAP). This change was significantly greater than a slight drop of 0.42 +/- 0.96 mm Hg (mean +/- SE) for the 127 nondiabetic control subjects (Student's t test, p < 0.001). A higher percentage of the NIDDM patients than of the non-diabetic patients were hypertensive. However, a stratified analysis showed that diabetic patients consistently had significantly higher PHF levels than did nondiabetic patients, regardless of being hypertensive or not. PHF activity did not correlate with age, sex, body mass index, or the type of hypoglycemic agent taken. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a positive correlation between cholesterol and PHF level among the diabetic patients (p = 0.03), but such a correlation did not exist among the non-diabetic controls. Our data indicate that elevated PHF may be responsible for insulin resistance in a fraction of NIDDM patients and suggest that PHF may be related to serum cholesterol levels in NIDDM.
Synthesis and immunochemical evaluation of a novel Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A tetrasaccharide and its conjugate (2017)

A tetrameric repeating unit of capsular polysaccharide of <italic>Neisseria meningitidis</italic> serogroup A was synthesized which mimicked natural polysaccharide in immunochemical analysis.
<title>Recent advances in EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometry</title> (1999)

The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) was developed and implemented at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to meet the significant measurement challenge of characterizing EUV projection lithography optics. The PS/PDI has been in continuous use and under ongoing development since 1996. Here we describe recent improvements made to the interferometer, and we summarize metrology results from state-of-the-art 10x-reduction EUV projection optics.
The transamination of l-cystathionine, l-cystine and related compounds by a bovine kidney transaminase (1986)

An enzyme which actively transaminates L-cystathionine, L-cystine, L-lanthionine and S-aminoethyl-L-cysteine has been purified from bovine kidney. The transaminase appears to be pure up to 90% and probably consists of two subunits of similar molecular mass of about 47 kDa. The enzymatic products arising from the transamination of L-cystathionine and related compounds spontaneously cyclize into ketiminic structures, which are the immediate precursors of unusual imino acids recovered in biological materials. The specificity towards other amino acid and oxo acid acceptors is similar to the specificity exhibited by rat kidney glutamine transaminase. This suggests that the sulfur amino acid transaminations that have been described could be performed by the bovine kidney glutamine transaminase.
Molecular cloning and characterization of genes expressed in shoot apical meristems. (1991)

The above-ground portion of a plant develops from the shoot apical meristem. An abundant source of apical meristems was obtained from cauliflower heads. Meristematic cDNAs were identified by differential screening and used to isolate corresponding Arabidopsis thaliana genes. Transcriptional promoters from Arabidopsis clones were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and introduced into plants, and GUS expression was used to analyze temporal and spatial regulation of the promoters. One promoter (meri-5) directed GUS expression in the meristematic dome and not the surrounding leaf primordia. The meri-5 promoter also directed GUS expression at branching points in the shoot and root. A second meristematic gene was found to be a histone (H3) gene. The H3 promoter was isolated and fused to GUS. Expression of the H3-GUS fusion in transgenic tobacco showed preferential expression in the peripheral zone and a lack of noticeable staining in the central zone.
Rapid unit selection from a large speech corpus for concatenative speech synthesis (1999)

Concatenative Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems such as those described by Hunt and Black [6] can select at synthesis time from a very large number of recorded units. The selected units are chosen to minimize a combination of target and join costs for a given sentence. However, the join costs, in particular, can be quite expensive to compute, even when this computation has been optimized. If possible, we would avoid this computation by precomputing and caching all the possible join costs, but their number is prohibitive. Although the search space of possible joins is large, we have found that only a small fraction are selected in practice. By synthesizing a large quantity of text and logging the units actually selected, we were able to gather usage statistics and construct a practical and efficient cache of concatenation costs. Use of this cache dramatically decreased the runtime of the AT&T Next-Generation TTS system [1] with negligible effect on speech quality. Experiments show that by caching 0.7% of the possible joins, 99% of the join cost computations can be avoided.
SCATTER: Selective Context Attentional Scene Text Recognizer (2020)

Scene Text Recognition (STR), the task of recognizing text against complex image backgrounds, is an active area of research. Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods still struggle to recognize text written in arbitrary shapes. In this paper, we introduce a novel architecture for STR, named Selective Context ATtentional Text Recognizer (SCATTER). SCATTER utilizes a stacked block architecture with intermediate supervision during training, that paves the way to successfully train a deep BiLSTM encoder, thus improving the encoding of contextual dependencies. Decoding is done using a two-step 1D attention mechanism. The first attention step re-weights visual features from a CNN backbone together with contextual features computed by a BiLSTM layer. The second attention step, similar to previous papers, treats the features as a sequence and attends to the intra-sequence relationships. Experiments show that the proposed approach surpasses SOTA performance on irregular text recognition benchmarks by 3.7\% on average.
Development and Testing of a Multitransducer System for Measuring Height of Condensed Water in Steam Pipes With Steady-State and Turbulent Flow Conditions (2018)

A system consisting of a multiplexer and multiple ultrasonic probes was developed for in situ monitoring of the water condensation height in steam pipes under steady-state and turbulent flow conditions. The measurement method, the signal processing techniques, the experimental setup, and the test results are presented in this paper. The feasibility and efficiency of the developed multitransducers and signal processing algorithms were demonstrated. The measured water height and wave pattern in dynamic surface conditions inside the pipe were verified through the snapshot of the recorded video images. The developed methodology built the framework for the use of multiple transducers array ultrasonic system for practical application to in situ monitor the water height in steam pipes.
Maternal urine hyperglycosylated hCG in pregnancies with Down syndrome (1999)

Stored maternal urine samples were used to determine the distribution of hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotrophin (H-hCG) levels in pregnancies with Down syndrome. A total of 349 samples from singleton pregnancies, including 45 with Down syndrome, were tested at 10-19 weeks' gestation. Urinary concentration was allowed for by expressing H-hCG in ng per mmol creatinine. The median level in Down syndrome was 3.63 multiples of the gestation-specific median in unaffected pregnancies (p<0.0001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, two-tail). However, creatinine levels were relatively low in cases and creatinine did not fully correct for concentration. When this bias was allowed for, the median level was 3.34 multiples of the normal median (MoM). The H-hCG elevation in affected pregnancies was more marked at 14 weeks' gestation or later: a median of 4.64 MoM and allowing for creatinine bias 4.46 MoM.
Responsiveness of G protein-coupled odorant receptors is partially attributed to the activation mechanism (2015)

Mammals detect and discriminate numerous odors via a large family of G protein-coupled odorant receptors (ORs). However, little is known about the molecular and structural basis underlying OR response properties. Using site-directed mutagenesis and computational modeling, we studied ORs sharing high sequence homology but with different response properties. When tested in heterologous cells by diverse odorants, MOR256-3 responded broadly to many odorants, whereas MOR256-8 responded weakly to a few odorants. Out of 36 mutant MOR256-3 ORs, the majority altered the responses to different odorants in a similar manner and the overall response of an OR was positively correlated with its basal activity, an indication of ligand-independent receptor activation. Strikingly, a single mutation in MOR256-8 was sufficient to confer both high basal activity and broad responsiveness to this receptor. These results suggest that broad responsiveness of an OR is at least partially attributed to its activation likelihood.
Double Pass Laser Amplifiers (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Keith A. Brueckner, Siebe Jorna, and Kent Moncur, "Double Pass Laser Amplifiers," Appl. Opt. 13, 2183-2183 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Signal-to-Noise and Resolution Enhancement in Ion Mobility Spectrometry Using Correlation Gating Techniques: Barker Codes (2007)

Ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) is a technology that is ideally suited for the detection of very low levels of analyte due to its extreme sensitivity and ability to speciate. Detection of common military and industrial explosives using IMS is an ideal application, since IMS can be tailored to be sensitive to compounds that form negative ions such as nitrate-laden explosives. However, realization of a miniaturized IMS-based detection system for explosives has been hampered by limitations in resolution of miniaturized IMS tubes and by the need to preconcentrate explosive samples and then rapidly desorb them creating a transient chemical concentration. We have demonstrated a new gating and data processing technique that takes advantage of pulse compression approaches developed for modern radar systems for decreasing granularity in target identification. We will show that closely spaced peaks can be isolated by adding discriminating codes to the gating signal. We will then employ matched filtering for the received ion current signal greatly improving instrument performance. This scheme is most advantageous to small geometry IMS drift cells that suffer from lack of resolution due to their small size but would improve sensitivity and peak location uncertainty in any geometry IMS tube. Specifically, we have demonstrated a 13 fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio and have effectively decreased the uncertainty in the location of the signal peak by a factor of 4.4 using a 13-bit Barker coding pattern to operate our IMS gating.
Self-gated MRI of multiple beat morphologies in the presence of arrhythmias (2016)

Self-gated imaging can reconstruct images during ectopy and allowed for quantification of hemodynamic function of different beat morphologies. Magn Reson Med 78:678-688, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Structure Based Design of a Grp94-Selective Inhibitor: Exploiting a Key Residue in Grp94 To Optimize Paralog-Selective Binding (2018)

Grp94 and Hsp90, the ER and cytoplasmic hsp90 paralogs, share a conserved ATP-binding pocket that has been targeted for therapeutics. Paralog-selective inhibitors may lead to drugs with fewer side effects. Here, we analyzed 1 (BnIm), a benzyl imidazole resorcinylic inhibitor, for its mode of binding. The structures of 1 bound to Hsp90 and Grp94 reveal large conformational changes in Grp94 but not Hsp90 that expose site 2, a binding pocket adjacent to the central ATP cavity that is ordinarily blocked. The Grp94:1 structure reveals a flipped pose of the resorcinylic scaffold that inserts into the exposed site 2. We exploited this flipped binding pose to develop a Grp94-selective derivative of 1. Our structural analysis shows that the ability of the ligand to insert its benzyl imidazole substituent into site 1, a different side pocket off the ATP binding cavity, is the key to exposing site 2 in Grp94.