gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Horizon-based Splitting Intensity Analysis and Inversion for Anisotropic Characterization (2016)

Summary Analysing S-wave splitting has become a routine step in processing multicomponent data. Typically, this analysis leads to the determination of the principal directions of the anisotropic medium and to the time delays between the fast and slow S-waves. These parameters are estimated layer-by-layer from the top. Errors in layer stripping occurring in shallow layers might propagate to deeper layers. We propose a different approach that consists of inverting interval values of splitting intensity to obtain a model of anisotropic parameters that vary with time or depth. Splitting intensity is a robust measurement with respect to structural variations and is commutative, which means that it can be summed along a ray (or throughout a sensitivity kernel volume) and can be linearly related to anisotropic perturbations at depth. Therefore, it is possible to estimate anisotropic properties within a geological formation (e.g., the reservoir) by analysing the differences of splitting intensity measured at the top and at the bottom of the layer. This allows us to avoid layer stripping, in particular, for shallow layers where anisotropic parameters are difficult to estimate due to poor coverage, and it makes S-wave splitting analysis simpler to apply. We demonstrate the method on synthetic and real data.
Polymer modified and stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal materials for flat panel application (1995)

Abstract Polymer dispersions, even in very low concentrations, can improve the performance of cholesteric liquid crystal materials necessary for their application in flat panel displays. Normal scattering mode, reverse scattering mode and reflective mode cholesteric liquid crystal materials are described. The roll of the polymer in each of these display modes is reviewed as are the unique electro‐optic characteristics of the dispersions.
Real Time Detection and Intervention of Poorly Phrased Questions (2015)

Answer helpfulness in Intuit's TurboTax AnswerXchange can be predicted with reasonable accuracy based on the attributes of the question alone. The ability to predict the likelihood of a good answer provides an opportunity to help the asker craft better formulated questions. Towards this goal, this paper presents a new concept of question-asking experience that address the following business cases: (1) transforming a "knowledge" question into a "closed-ended" question, (2) converting a search query into a grammatically correct question, and (3) converting "unanswerable" and rhetorical questions to well-formed questions. We also present a "Question Optimizer" interface system that prompts the asker with personalized instructions created dynamically based on real time analysis of their question's structure and semantics.
Progress and perspectives of nonvolatile memory devices based on antiferromagnetic metals (2023)

We present recent advances in the development of magnetic memory devices based on antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials. We show strategies for electrical control of the magnetic order (i.e., writing of information) in AFM materials using spin-orbit torque, and discuss their experimental demonstration in devices based on multiple AFM metals [1, 2]. We then discuss perspectives for electrical readout of information from AFM materials, which, due to the absence of a net macroscopic magnetization, has long been considered impractical. This is a grand challenge requiring new approaches to the realization of large magnetoresistive (MR) effects in tunnel junctions involving AFM thin films, where electrical reading and writing operations can be integrated for memory and computing applications. We will discuss recent theoretical proposals and experimental progress in the development of such devices. [1] Shi et al., Nature Electron., 3, 92 (2020) [2] Arpaci et al., Nature Comm., 12, 3828 (2021)
Scalable video with background segmentation (2002)

Intelligent identification of background and foreground in video scenes is used for gain compression. This is implemented as a two layer object model in a software-only video compressor with a bit rate range from less than 10 kbps up to to 1.2 Mbps. Quadtree decomposition on an error metric between the input and transmitted images directs the coder towards a foreground layer of active image fragments. A rate buffering system limits the bandwidth by transmitting only the foreground blocks which most improve the image and are above some error threshold. A high fidelity background layer is identified and communicated to the decoder, which can be used to redraw background fragments as foreground objects move across them. Blocks can be coded by various methods, such as fractal transforms or truncated DCTs. This system can be implemented in RISC processors without the need for dedicated hardware. It is suitable for low bit rate applications with slowly varying backgrounds, such as personal video communications over packet networks, or closed circuit TV surveillance using fixed or wireless links.
An investigation into three visual characteristics of complex scenes that evoke human emotion (2017)

Prior computational studies have examined hundreds of visual characteristics related to color, texture, and composition in an attempt to predict human emotional responses. Beyond those myriad features examined in computer science, roundness, angularity, and visual complexity have also been found to evoke emotions in human perceivers, as demonstrated in psychological studies of facial expressions, dance poses, and even simple synthetic visual patterns. Capturing these characteristics algorithmically to incorporate in computational studies, however, has proven difficult. Here we expand the scope of previous computer vision work by examining these three visual characteristics in computer analysis of complex scenes, and compare the results to the hundreds of visual qualities previously examined. A large collection of ecologically valid stimuli (<i>i.e.</i>, photos that humans regularly encounter on the web), named the EmoSet and containing more than 40,000 images crawled from web albums, was generated using crowd-sourcing and subjected to human subject emotion ratings. We developed computational methods to the separate indices of roundness, angularity, and complexity, thereby establishing three new computational constructs. Critically, these three new physically interpretable visual constructs achieve comparable classification accuracy to the hundreds of shape, texture, composition, and facial feature characteristics previously examined. In addition, our experimental results show that color features related most strongly with the positivity of perceived emotions, the texture features related more to calmness or excitement, and roundness, angularity, and simplicity related similarly with both of these emotions dimensions.
Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood: No Mutations in the Second Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Gene<i>ATP1A2</i> (2004)

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare disorder mainly characterised by attacks of hemiplegia and mental retardation. AHC has often been associated with migraine. Previously, we have excluded the involvement of the familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) CACNA1A gene in four patients with AHC. A second gene for FHM was discovered recently: the ATP1A2 gene on chromosome 1q23, coding for the alpha 2 subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase. We performed a mutation analysis of the ATP1A2 gene in six patients, using direct sequencing, but found no mutations in any of the 23 exons. Other cerebral ion channel genes remain candidate genes for AHC.
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Strain A2 Has Multiple Sialyltransferases Involved in Lipooligosaccharide Sialylation (2002)

The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Haemophilus influenzae contains sialylated glycoforms, and a sialyltransferase, Lic3A, has been previously identified. We report evidence for two additional sialyltransferases, SiaA, and LsgB, that affect N-acetyllactosamine containing glycoforms. Mutations in genes we have designated siaA and lsgB affected only the sialylated glycoforms containing N-acetylhexosamine. A mutation in siaA resulted in the loss of glycoforms terminating in sialyl-N-acetylhexosamine and the appearance of higher molecular weight glycoforms, containing the addition of phosphoethanolamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Chromosomal complementation of the siaA mutant resulted in the expression of the original sialylated LOS phenotype. A mutation in lic3A resulted in the loss of sialylation only in glycoforms lacking N-acetylhexosamine and had no effect on sialylation of the terminal N-acetyllactosamine epitope. A double mutant in siaA and lic3A resulted in the complete loss of sialylation of the terminal N-acetyllactosamine epitope and expression of the higher molecular weight sialylated glycoforms seen in the siaA mutant. Mutation of lsgB resulted in persistence of sialylated glycoforms but a reduction in N-acetyllactosamine containing glycoforms. A triple mutant of siaA, lic3A, and lsgB contained no sialylated glycoforms. These results demonstrate that the sialylation of the LOS of H. influenzae is a complex process involving multiple sialyltransferases.
Display Provides Pilots with Real-Time Sonic-Boom Information (2013)

Supersonic aircraft generate shock waves that move outward and extend to the ground. As a cone of pressurized air spreads across the landscape along the flight path, it creates a continuous sonic boom along the flight track. Several factors can influence sonic booms: weight, size, and shape of the aircraft; its altitude and flight path; and weather and atmospheric conditions. This technology allows pilots to control the impact of sonic booms. A software system displays the location and intensity of shock waves caused by supersonic aircraft. This technology can be integrated into cockpits or flight control rooms to help pilots minimize sonic boom impact in populated areas. The system processes vehicle and flight parameters as well as data regarding current atmospheric conditions. The display provides real-time information regarding sonic boom location and intensity, enabling pilots to make the necessary flight adjustments to control the timing and location of sonic booms. This technology can be used on current-generation supersonic aircraft, which generate loud sonic booms, as well as future- generation, low-boom aircraft, anticipated to be quiet enough for populated areas.
Evaluation of reflectors for soft x-ray optics (1992)

It is necessary to characterize surface roughness in order to clarify the relation between reflectivity and roughness. A comparison between characterized roughness of direct measurement of surface and calculated roughness from measured reflectivity is made. Surface roughness was improved using the dual ion beam sputtering method as a parameter of assisting ion energy. As a result, those two roughnesses showed good agreement and the surface roughness becomes minimum at assisting ion energy of 50 eV.
Nanostructured Manganese Oxide Catalysts Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation (2004)

Introduction Recently, transition-metal oxides have attracted considerable interest because of their unique properties. In catalysis field, they have received attention as electrocatalyst for metal/air batteries and fuel cells, and it is reported that catalytic activity of transition-metal oxides depends on nanostructures and chemical compositions [1]. However, it is difficult to control both nanostructures and chemical compositions of transitionmetal oxides using thermal equilibrium chemical process. On the other hand, pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in background gases has advantages in the deposition of functional oxides, because interactions between ablated species and the background gases result in not only physical collisions but also chemical reaction control [2]. From this viewpoint, we apply the PLA process to the deposition of nanostructured manganese oxides (MnOx). We characterized the catalytic properties of MnOx to verify the potential for nano-catalyst.
Laser frequency stabilization using regenerative spectral hole burning (2000)

We demonstrate laser frequency stabilization using a continuously regenerated transient spectral hole in an inhomogeneously broadened resonance of a solid. Regenerative transient holes provide extreme stabilization for time scales appropriate for spectroscopy, signal processing, ranging, and interferometry. Stabilization to 20 Hz on a 10-ms time scale using spectral holes at 793 nm in ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}{:\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ gives substantial improvement in the reliability of stimulated photon echoes in the same material and enables the observation of a third population storage mechanism for hole burning in ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}{:\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}.$
Aircraft Noise Measurement with Ground Microphones: Effects of Noise Propagation Around and Under the Reflective Plate Edges (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4165.vid It is well known that aircraft noise measurements by ground plane microphones can deviate from the ideal “pressure doubling” case by an amount depending on both the impact angle of the sound wave and its wavelength. In the low to mid frequency range, this deviation is due to the absorbing characteristic of the ground around the finite-size reflecting plate and does not depend on the plate contour line design. In this paper, it is shown that ground plane microphone measurements can also be affected by the characteristics of the medium located under the reflecting plate. This effect is demonstrated based on measurements in semi-anechoic chamber and on predictions using the boundary-element method code ACTIPOLE. The agreement between predictions and measurements is excellent for all configurations studied. For the canonical configurations studied, the deviation in the excess attenuation spectra due to porous ground effects can reach up to 2dB in the 200Hz-800Hz range, and a significantly higher impact is observed in the case of a gap present all around the plate edges. Recommendations are also provided about ground plane microphone installation for use in outdoor aircraft noise tests.
Transparent TCP connection failover (2004)

Methods of transparent connection failover allowing a remote computer (i.e., a client), to continue to use a network connection to communicate with one of at least two or more other computers (i.e., the backup servers) over a network, when one of the other computers (i.e., the primary server) fails. With the mechanisms of this invention, there is no need for the client to establish a new connection to a backup server when the primary server fails. The failover is preferably executed within a bridge layer between the TCP layer and the IP layer of the server's TCP/IP stack. No modifications are required to the network infrastructure, the client's TCP/IP stack, the client application or the server application. The methods support active or semi­active replication of the server application, and do not require rollback of the application during failover. The invention also provides mechanisms for bringing up new backup servers.
Integrin-Linked Kinase Regulates Integrin Signaling in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2010)

This study suggests that cooperative α5β1/α4β1 integrin signaling may be regulated by ILK trans-dominantly and that alterations in ILK activity may affect actin cytoskeleton organization and contractility in the TM.
Independent detection of recycled flash memory: Challenges and solutions (2018)

Counterfeiting electronic components is a serious problem for the security and reliability of any electronic systems. Use of counterfeit or reused components not only impacts profit but also has a detrimental impact on several critical applications including aerospace, medical, and defense. To worsen the situation the number of counterfeiting components has increased considerably after the introduction of horizontal semiconductor supply chain. In this paper, we will focus on detecting recycled Flash memory, a major target of the counterfeiters because of its presence in the most electronic systems. Failure of the Flash memory in critical applications can have catastrophic effects. Detection of recycled Flash with high confidence i s challenging due to the variability among the different Flash chips caused by process variations. There is very few work on detecting recycled memory chips, and unfortunately, all of them require an extensive database to maintain which is impossible for several electronic systems. In this paper, we propose a new method for detecting fake Flash memory without the need for any prior database. Our method is based on statistical distribution of various Flash timing characteristics such as erase, program and read time on a fresh Flash IC. It has been found that timing characteristics are highly sensitive to memory usage (typically quantified as the program-erase count of a memory block) compared to the process variations. We demonstrate our method by characterizing the block to block timing variation on commercial off the shelf Flash ICs and compared it with the recycled or used one. Our method can identify a recycled IC of minimal usage (∼3.0%) with nearly 100% accuracy without requiring any prior database.
Supercrystalline Colloidal Particles from Artificial Atoms (2007)

In this paper, we report an approach for using solvophobic interactions to synthesize well-defined colloidal superparticles from nonpolar-solvent-dispersible Fe3O4 nanoparticle artificial atoms. These colloidal superparticles possess a “single-supercrystal” structure, of which Fe3O4 artificial atoms occupy the lattice points of a face-centered cubic superlattice. In addition, these superparticles exhibit superlattice fringes under a low-resolution TEM, providing an interesting analogue to the lattice fringes of colloidal nanocrystals under a high-resolution TEM. Moreover, these superparticles can be further assembled into close-packed solid structures, demonstrating their role as a new type of building block in nanoscience.
β‐Glucuronidase Activity in Saliva: Relationship to Clinical Periodontal Parameters (2003)

Highly significant correlations between salivary betaG activity and mean probing depth (MPD), mean gingival index (MGI), and the number of sites with probing depth > or = 5 mm were found. When subjects were divided into tertiles based on their MPD and MGI, elevated salivary betaG activity was detected in subjects in the 2 upper tertiles. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine which of the clinical or laboratory parameters were able to identify patients with at least 4 sites with PD > or = 5 mm. Salivary betaG activity > or = 100 produced an odds ratio (OR) of 3.77. In comparison, current and former smokers had an OR of 3.15 and 2.29, respectively. CONLCUSIONS: The results suggest that a significant association exists between periodontal clinical parameters and salivary betaG activity. Due to the non-invasive and simple nature of saliva collection, this association should be studied to determine its usefulness as a screening test for periodontitis, and a means of monitoring the response to treatment.
Expression of Bovine Cytochrome P450c21 and Its Fused Enzymes with Yeast NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1990)

Recombinant plasmids for expression of bovine cytochrome P450c21 (pA gamma 2), both P450c21 and yeast NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (pAR gamma 1), P450c21/yeast reductase fused enzymes (pAF gamma R1, pAF gamma R2, and pAF gamma R20), and yeast reductase/P450c21 fused enzymes (pAFR gamma 1 and pAFR gamma 2) were constructed by using expression vector pAAH5. The plasmids were each introduced into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 cells. The recombinant yeast strains AH22/pA gamma 2 (Y21) and AH22/pAR gamma 1 (Y21R) produced 2-3 X 10(3) molecules of P450c21 per cell. The cultures of both strains converted progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone into 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol, respectively. The 21-hydroxylase activity per cell of the strain Y21R was about three times higher than that of the strain Y21, probably due to overproduction of yeast reductase. The recombinant yeast strains AH22/pAF gamma R1 (Y21RF1), AH22/pAF gamma R2 (Y21RF2), and AH22/pAF gamma R20 (Y21RF20) produced about 1.1-2.0 X 10(4) molecules per cell of the corresponding P450c21/yeast reductase fused enzymes. The specific 21-hydroxylase activity toward 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone per cell of the strains Y21RF1, Y21RF2, and Y21RF20 was about 21, 28, and 49 times higher than that of the strain Y21, respectively. Thus, the fused enzymes were superior to P450c21 in the specific activity and in the expression level in the yeast. The Km values for 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone of P450c21 in the strains Y21 and Y21R, and of the fused enzymes in the strains Y21RF1 and Y21RF2 were 0.29, 0.30, 0.67, and 0.65 microM, respectively. The Vmax values of P450c21 in the strains Y21 and Y21R, and of the fused enzymes in the strains Y21RF1 and Y21RF2 were 28, 124, 151, and 222 moles/min.mole P450c21 or fused enzyme, respectively. These results indicated that the fused enzymes showed lower affinity for the substrate, probably due to structural modification and higher reaction rates through efficient intramolecular electron transfer as compared with those of P450c21. While the strain AH22/pAFR gamma 2 (YR21F2) produced about 3 X 10(4) molecules per cell of the reductase/P450c21 fused enzyme, the specific 21-hydroxylase activity of the fused enzyme toward 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was extremely low, suggesting that the structure of the fused enzyme might not be suited for electron transfer in yeast microsomes.
An efficient path delay fault coverage estimator (1994)

Abstract|W e propose a linear complexity method to estimate robust path dela y fault coverage in digital circuits. W e adopt a path counting scheme for a true-value simulator that uses ags for each signal line. These ags determine the new path delay faults detected by the simulated vector pair. Experimental results are presented to show the eectiveness of the method in estimating path delay fault coverage.
Plasmid DNA fermentation strain and process‐specific effects on vector yield, quality, and transgene expression (2010)

Industrial plasmid DNA manufacturing processes are needed to meet the quality, economy, and scale requirements projected for future commercial products. We report development of a modified plasmid fermentation copy number induction profile that increases gene vaccination/therapy vector yields up to 2,600 mg/L. We determined that, in contrast to recombinant protein production, secretion of the metabolic byproduct acetate into the media had only a minor negative effect on plasmid replication. We also investigated the impact of differences in epigenetic dcm methylase-directed cytosine methylation on plasmid production, transgene expression, and immunogenicity. While Escherichia coli plasmid production yield and quality are unaffected, dcm- versions of CMV and CMV-HTLV-I R promoter plasmids had increased transgene expression in human cells. Surprisingly, despite improved expression, dcm- plasmid is less immunogenic. Our results demonstrate that it is critical to lock the plasmid methylation pattern (i.e., production strain) early in product development and that dcm- strains may be superior for gene therapy applications wherein reduced immunogenicity is desirable and for in vitro transient transfection applications such as AAV production where improved expression is beneficial.