gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Quad Tree for low bitrate compression (2012)

Quad Tree algorithm is an efficient method for image compression at lower bit rates. It divides the image into four equal quadrants based on a threshold. The threshold is chosen from image characteristics using Otsu thresholding method. The image regions obtained from the Quad Tree decomposition are approximated by using a first order polynomial. Polynomial approximation coefficients now represent the pixel values. Its performance is better than JPEG at lower bitrates.
Toward strain resistant flexible organic thin film transistors (2009)

We suggest a molecular design for small molecules as polycrystalline organic semiconductors in flexible organic thin film transistor applications, providing an improved stability during substrate bending. A stable operation of alkyl-substituted sexithiophens was obtained under strain up to ±2.5%. The stability relates to the flexibility of the alkyl chain substitution, scales with their chain length, and outperforms those of pentacene devices. These findings were independent from the underlying dielectric layer.
Video coding for HDTV systems (2002)

The adoption of MPEG-2 (Motion Pictures Experts Group) by the FCC as the HDTV video compression and transport methodologies laid the foundation for merging multimedia, broadcasting and telecommunication applications. The MPEG-2 video standard, frozen in Nov. 93, supports data rates above 10 Mpbs, real-time transmission, and progressive and interlaced scan sources. This tutorial describes the basic components of an MPEG-2 based HDTV compression system including video formats, color space transformation and decimation, motion estimation and compensation, discrete cosine transform, and variable-length coding. The frame-based and field-based motion estimation schemes required for interlaced scan sources are described in detail. Also discussed is the specific profile and level targeting HDTV application in the MPEG-2 standard.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Understanding nMOSFET Characteristics after Soft Breakdown and Their Dependence on the Breakdown Location (2002)

Identical breakdown-position dependence of normalized currents in nFETs with 2.4 nm gate oxide is observed after soft and hard breakdowns. This suggests that electron energy is conserved in the soft breakdown path. It is concluded that the observed soft breakdown is best modeled by a lowered oxide barrier in the breakdown conduction path. The static behavior of an nFET immediately after SBD is discussed and tested using the MEDICI device simulator.
Meteorología y Geografía física del mar en la marina española del siglo XIX. Parte I (2015)

En abril de este ano 2015 se celebra en Londres el seminario Marine Climate Change and Variability: The Observational Legacy of Matthew Fontaine Maury for Climate Change and Variability, para revalorizar el legado y la labor pionera del militar americano “as the instigator of the global marine, surface and subsurface, observing system and as a marine climat e scientist”. Juan Perez de Rubin Feigl, oceanografo y divulgador de la historia maritima espanola no belica, autor del siguiente articulo, resultado de su investigacion sobre el particular desarrollo en nuestro pais de la meteorologia del mar ligada a la Marina Espanola, y la AME, con su publicacion dividida en dos partes, en este numero y en el siguiente de julio, nos sumamos a ese justo reconocimiento.
Analysis of the effect of charging needs on battery electric vehicle drivers’ route choice behaviour: A case study in the Netherlands (2019)

Electric travelling appears to dominate the transport sector in the near future due to the needed transition from internal combustion vehicles (ICV) towards Electric Vehicles (EV) to tackle urban pollution. Given this trend, investigation of the EV drivers’ travel behaviour is of great importance to stakeholders including planners and policymakers, for example in order to locate charging stations. This research explores the Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) drivers route choice and charging preferences through a Stated Preference (SP) survey. Collecting data from 505 EV drivers in the Netherlands, we report the results of estimating a Mixed Logit (ML) model for those choices. Respondents were requested to choose a route among six alternatives: freeways, arterial ways, and local streets with and without fast charging. Our findings suggest that the classic route attributes (travel time and travel cost), vehicle-related variables (state-of-charge at the origin and destination) and charging characteristics (availability of a slow charging point at the destination, fast charging duration, waiting time in the queue of a fast-charging station) can influence the BEV drivers route choice and charging behaviour significantly. When the state-of-charge (SOC) at the origin is high and a slow charger at the destination is available, routes without fast charging are likely to be preferred. Moreover, local streets (associated with slow speeds and less energy consumption) could be preferred if the SOC at the destination is expected to be low while arterial ways might be selected when a driver must recharge his/her car during the trip via fast charging.
Self‐Stabilized Nanoparticles of Intrinsically Conducting Copolymers from 5‐Sulfonic‐2‐Anisidine (2008)

Novel copolymer nanoparticles with inherent self-stability, narrow size distribution, and high electrical conductivity are facilely and productively synthesized by the oxidative precipitation polymerization of 5-sulfonic-2-anisidine and aniline in acidic medium without any external stabilizer. The structures of the copolymer particles are systematically characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser particle-size analysis, atomic force microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The comonomer ratio, oxidant/monomer ratio, and polymerization temperature and medium can be used to optimize the size and conductivity of the nanoparticles. It is found that the nanoparticles exhibit a minimal size and polydispersity index of around 53 nm and 1.045, respectively. Nanocomposite films of the nanoparticles with diacetyl and ethyl celluloses show good thermostability and a low percolation threshold of 0.08 wt%, at which the films retain 89% of the transparency, 96-98% of the strength, and 10(8) times the conductivity of the matrix film. The synthesis of sulfoanisidine copolymer nanoparticles is thus achieved without the use of external stabilizer, which opens up a simple and general route to the fabrication of nanostructured polymer materials with controllable size, narrow size distribution, intrinsic self-stability, strong dispersibility, high purity, and optimizable electroconductivity.
NET Windows forms in a nutshell (2003)

.NET Windows Forms in a Nutshell offers an accelerated introduction to this next-generation of rich user interface development. The book provides an all-inclusive guide for experienced programmers along with a compact but remarkably complete reference to the .NET Framework Class Library (FCL) Windows Forms namespaces and types. Included on CD is an add-in that will integrate the book's reference directly into the help files of Visual Studio .NET.
Complementary sequences 1700 nucleotides apart form a ribonuclease III cleavage site in Escherichia coli ribosomal precursor RNA. (1978)

The nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli DNA at both ends of the gene for 16S rRNA has been determined for two rRNA operons, rrnD and rrnX. The 400 nucleotides we have examined exhibit only one base change between rrnD and rrnX. Within the 160 nucleotides that precede mature 16S rRNA sequences are cleavage sites for several E. coli endonucleases, including RNase III. A 240-nucleotide segment encompassing the 16S 3' end contains another RNase III site and the point of presumed RNase P scission at the 5' end of tRNA1Ile, the first tRNA appearing in the 16-23S spacer region of rrnD and rrnX. Most importantly, the DNA sequences predict that regions flanking the 16S gene in the rRNA primary transcript extensively base pair to form a double-helical structure whose hairpin loop includes the entire mature 16S molecule; within this structure is a 26-base-pair stem containing the two sequences at which RNase III action generates the 5' and 3' ends of a previously characterized precursor to 16S rRNA. Although our proposed secondary structure for this RNase III site is superficially dissimilar to previously described cleavage sites in the T7 early mRNA precursor, certain common features may constitute signals for RNase III recognition. The suggestion that distant portions of an RNA molecule can form a secondary structure within which specific endonucleolytic cleavages occur may have mechanistic implications for the joining of noncontiguous portions of gene sequences evident in several eukaryotic mRNAs.
Supporting Remote Real-Time Expert Help: Opportunities and Challenges for Novice 3D Modelers (2018)

We investigate how novice 3D modelers can remotely leverage real-time expert help to aid their learning tasks. We first carried out an observational study of remote novice-expert pairs of 3D modelers to understand traditional chat-based assistance in the context of learning 3D modeling. Next, we designed MarmalAid, a web-based 3D modeling tool with a novel real-time, in-context help feature that allows users to embed real-time chat conversations at any location within the 3D geometry of their models. Our user study with 12 novices who used both MarmalAid's real-time, in-context chat and an external chat tool to seek help, showed that novices found the real-time, in-context chat to be more useful and easier to use, and that experts asked for fewer clarifications, allowing the novices to ask more task-related questions. Our findings suggest to several design opportunities to utilize and extend the real-time, in-con-text heln concept in 3D modeline aoolications and bevond.
A charge recycling TCAM with Checkerboard Array arrangement for low power applications (2008)

A low power and low noise Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) architecture is proposed. A TCAM is a powerful engine for search and sort processing, but it has serious power consumption and power line noise problems. To solve these problems, we have developed a charge recycling scheme for match lines, search lines and a Checkerboard Array arrangement. By using these technologies, TCAM power and power line noise can be reduced by 50 % when compared with conventional designs.
Microcarrier culture of hepatocytes in whole plasma for use in liver support bioreactors. (1992)

Contact activation of plasma clotting may limit the use of some microcarrier types for hepatocyte attachment in a liver assist device. Activation by seven microcarrier types was studied in plasma containing 2-500 units heparin/mL. Clotting was activated by dextran (Cytodex 1 and 2) and collagen-coated (Cytodex 3) microcarriers at 2-25 units/mL (Cytodex 1) and 2-100 units/mL (Cytodex 2 and 3). There was no activation by polystyrene, gelatin, glass or fibronectin-coated polystyrene microcarriers. Compared with culture medium, incubation of HepG2 cells in plasma did not affect cell viability but increased cell number (56.4 versus 65.1 x 10(4) cells; P less than 0.05) and incorporation of [3H]-amino acids into protein (204913 versus 279624 dpm; P less than 0.05). Polystyrene-attached cells demonstrated time-linear protein synthesis, glucose and 7-ethoxycoumarin metabolism. We conclude that polystyrene-attached hepatocytes maintain viability and metabolic activity in plasma and are of potential use in a liver support bioreactor.
Ketonization of Carboxylic Acids by Decarboxylation: Mechanism and Scope (2005)

Abstract In the ketonic decarboxylation process, a ketone is formed from two moles of carboxylic acid; water and carbon dioxide are produced as side‐products. At present, the mechanism of this reaction remains under debate; it has been proposed as a radical mechanism, a mechanism involving a ‐keto acid as intermediate, or a concerted mechanism. This paper demonstrates that the latter mechanism is the most likely one and that weak bases may play the role of promoters. Different processes are reviewed for the syntheses of the following ketones: symmetrical ketones, such as acetone or 3‐pentanone, cyclic ketones, such as cyclopentanone (parent compound and substituted derivatives), fatty ketones, and some unsymmetrical ketones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
EVIDENCE Securing Attendance of Witnesses and Production and Preservation of Evidence: Allow Depositions of Physicians to Preserve Testimony in Criminal Child Abuse and Molestation Proceedings (1995)

The Act expands the scope of the parties’ right to take depositions of witnesses in criminal matters when a defendant has been charged with an offense of child molestation, aggravated child molestation, or physical or sexual abuse of a child. The Act permits counsel for the defendant or the prosecuting attorney to preserve by deposition the testimony of any physician whose testimony is relevant to the crime charged. Upon motion by either party, the court having jurisdiction to try the charged offense may order the taking of a deposition.
Eco‐Molding: <i>More Power for Less Energy</i> (2015)

Plastics Engineering is the official publication of the Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE). We provide plastics professionals with a wealth of information about machinery, technological advances, materials innovations, sustainability, and more.
Distributed Multi-Robot Algorithms for the TERMES 3D Collective Construction System (2011)

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Unidirectionally optical coupling from free space into silicon waveguide with wide flat-top angular efficiency (2012)

A grating coupling scheme from free-space light into silicon waveguide with a remarkable property of wide flat-top angular efficiency is proposed and theoretically investigated. The coupling structure is composed of two cascaded gratings with a proper distance between their peak angular efficiencies. A quantitative semi-analytical theory based on coupled-mode models is developed for performance prediction and validated with the fully vectorial aperiodic Fourier modal method (a-FMM). With the theory, wide flat-top angular response is achieved and the conditions are pointed out. Proof-of-principle demonstrations show that the -1 dB angular width, a figure of merit to evaluate the flat-top performance, is broadened to almost 3 to 4 times, and meanwhile the -3 dB angular width, i.e., angular-full-width-half-maximum (AFWHM), is widened to nearly more than twice, compared with the reference gratings composed of the same number of periodic defects. We believe this work will find applications in biological or chemical sensing and novel optical devices.
Unveiling Revised North Korean English Textbooks: Language, Ideology, and Internationalisation (2022)

This study examines the visual and textual representations of three revised national junior middle English textbooks as part of Kim Jong Un’s educational reform and aims to answer three questions: To what extent have the revised English textbooks i) fulfilled their proposed goal of improving North Koreans’ practical English skills? ii) remained ideologically driven propaganda tools and iii) how the internationalisation of English is presented in these textbooks. The results indicate that these textbooks powerfully reinforce the notion of the superiority of North Korea and promote the cult system of the Kims. The textbooks are highly localised and absent of international content. This study highlights that North Korean English textbooks are not designed to teach international communication in English but to equip students with certainty about the superior status of North Korea. Although this study focuses on North Korea, it can prompt a critical re-examination of the biases contained in international English textbooks, which sensationalise a “bright” view of Western societies. Keywords: North Korea; English education; English textbooks; internationalisation; ideology
Biology and Molecular Epidemiology of Diphtheria Toxin and the<i>tox</i>Gene (2000)

Diphtheria toxin (DT) is an extracellular protein of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that inhibits protein synthesis and kills susceptible cells. The gene that encodes DT (tox) is present in some corynephages, and DT is only produced by C. diphtheriae isolates that harbor tox+ phages. The diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) is a global regulatory protein that uses Fe2+ as co-repressor. Holo-DtxR represses production of DT, corynebacterial siderophore, heme oxygenase, and several other proteins. Diagnostic tests for toxinogenicity of C. diphtheriae are based either on immunoassays or on bioassays for DT. Molecular analysis of tox and dtxR genes in recent clinical isolates of C. diphtheriae revealed several tox alleles that encode identical DT proteins and multiple dtxR alleles that encode five variants of DtxR protein. Therefore, recent clinical isolates of C. diphtheriae produce a single antigenic type of DT, and diphtheria toxoid continues to be an effective vaccine for immunization against diphtheria.
Photoluminescence properties of Yb<sup>2+</sup> ions doped in the perovskites CsCaX<sub>3</sub> and CsSrX<sub>3</sub> (X = Cl, Br, and I) – a comparative study (2016)

The Yb(2+)-doped perovskite derivatives CsMX3 (M = Ca and Sr; X = Cl, Br, and I) are ideal systems for obtaining a detailed insight into the structure-luminescence relationship of divalent lanthanides. The investigation of the respective photoluminescence properties yielded two emission bands in the violet and blue spectral range for all compounds, which are assigned to the spin-allowed and spin-forbidden 5d-4f transitions, respectively. The impact on their energetic positions is dependent on both the covalency of the Yb(2+)-halide bond and the corresponding bond length in agreement with expectations. The excitation spectra provide a detailed fine structure at low temperatures and can be partly interpreted separating the 4f(13) core from the 5d electron in the excited state. The local crystal field in CsSrI3:Yb(2+) provides a special case due to the trigonal distortion induced by the crystal structure that is clearly evident in the luminescence features of Yb(2+). The structure-property relationship of several spectroscopic key quantities of Yb(2+) in this series of halides is analyzed in detail and parallels the properties of Eu(2+) ions doped in the given perovskites.
Reversible MRI lesions (1996)

<h3>Objectives</h3> This study aims to explore the prevalence and clinical features of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and its correlation with large opacities on CT scans. <h3>Methods</h3> This retrospective study collected 235 patients with PMF, and 199 were eligible for analysis. The probability of PH development was estimated based on tricuspid regurgitation velocity measured by echocardiogram. The size and the location of large opacities on chest CT were recorded. Potential risk factors for PH secondary to PMF were analysed using regression analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of a high or intermediate probability of PH was 39.7% in patients with PMF. Type C of large opacities (OR 6.99, 95% CI 2.34 to 23.00, p<0.001) and central type of the large opacities (OR 8.12, 95% CI 2.89 to 24.71, p<0.001) were identified as the risk factors for PH secondary to PMF. Over a median follow-up of 32.8 months, the survival rate was 73.3% in the PH group, significantly lower than that in the non-PH group (96.6%, p<0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Over one-third of patients with PMF developed PH. The increased size and the central distribution of large opacities were identified as the risk factors.
A design of a GP-GPU based stream processor for an image processing (2015)

Mobile devices provide a more realistic image processing and various high spec features to satisfy users. So, mobile devices have been developing in the direction of computing acceleration by using a strong parallelism of GP-GPU processing. In this paper, a GP-GPU architecture is proposed based on stream processing architecture which has the advantage of high parallelism to enhance the image processing capability. The proposed GP-GPU architecture consists of 8 stream processors and has multi-banked cache memory structure. The results of verification shows that the proposed stream processor improves the performance of the integral image generation : 24.5%, 3×3 Gaussian filer mask : 4.7%, 5×5 Gaussian filter mask : 1.3% in comparison with ARM Cortex-A15 quad core.
Development of a motion capture system for a hand using a magnetic three dimensional position sensor (2006)

No abstract available.
Self-Assembled Nanoparticles of Glycyrrhetic Acid-Modified Pullulan as a Novel Carrier of Curcumin (2014)

Glycyrrhetic acid (GA)-modified pullulan nanoparticles (GAP NPs) were synthesized as a novel carrier of curcumin (CUR) with a degree of substitution (DS) of GA moieties within the range of 1.2-6.2 groups per hundred glucose units. In the present study, we investigated the physicochemical characteristics, release behavior, in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of the particles. Self-assembled GAP NPs with spherical shapes could readily improve the water solubility and stability of CUR. The CUR release was sustained and pH-dependent. The cellular uptake of CUR-GAP NPs was confirmed by green fluorescence in the cells. An MTT study showed CUR-GAP NPs with higher cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells than free CUR, but GAP NPs had no significant cytotoxicity. GAP is thus an excellent carrier for the solubilization, stabilization, and controlled delivery of CUR.
Disease Expression and Ecophysiological Yield Components in Sunflower Isohybrids with and without <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> Resistance (2007)

ABSTRACT Verticillium wilt ( Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) is an important disease affecting sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) in most production areas in Argentina, Canada, and the United States. Estimation of yield losses produced by the disease is difficult because of the absence of highly efficient chemical control and resistant hybrids of comparable yield potential. In this work nine pairs of isohybrids with and without resistance to V. dahliae were sown at five different locations and evaluated under natural infection to determine disease induced yield reductions across environments with varying V. dahliae incidence. The effects of the disease on physiological components of growth were studied in a separate trial with three pairs of isohybrids. Disease incidence and severity for resistant isohybrids (R) were zero or nearly zero independently of their genetic background in all locations, indicating the isohybrids were highly resistant or immune. In the most severe environments, grain and oil yield of susceptible isohybrids (S) were nearly 30% less than those of the resistance couterparts. The incorporated resistance resulted in an increased percent radiation interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE). However, the effect of the disease on crop growth rate was evident after flowering. Up to that phenological stage, leaf expansion, radiation interception and photosynyhetic rate did not differ between R and S isohybrids.