gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of laser phase noise to intensity noise conversion by chromatic dispersion in intensity modulation and direct detection optical-fiber transmission (1990)

Laser phase noise conversion to intensity noise due to fiber chromatic dispersion is analyzed by deriving the noise power spectral density. Theory predicts that the phase-modulation-amplitude-modulation conversion noise is a principal limiting factor of the gigabit-per-second nonregenerative transmission using an external modulator when the linewidth of the laser transmitter is above several tens of megahertz and the total chromatic dispersion of fibers exceeds several thousand picoseconds per nanometer. This fact is confirmed by the 2.4-Gb/s transmission experiments using multiple inline Er-doped fiber amplifiers. The system penalty due to this noise in the intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) optical transmission using an external modulator is evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct quantification of fetal cells in maternal blood by real‐time PCR (2006)

We quantified the fetal cells in maternal blood without fetal cell enrichment procedures by TaqMan real-time PCR for a multi-copy DYS14 locus. Our assay is sensitive and also suitable for automation, and may be a useful tool for the determination of fetal-maternal cell trafficking, such as microchimerism.
A Shear Dilation Stimulation Model for Production Enhancement From Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (2002)

Summary This paper presents a model for an alternative stimulation technology for naturally fractured tight gas or hot dry rock (HDR) reservoirs in which conventional hydraulic fracturing is relatively inefficient. The model stochastically simulates field-representative natural fractures by processing field data from cores, logs, and other sources. Deformations of these fractures are formulated as functions of fluid pressure inside fractures and in-situ stresses. The permeability enhancement and reservoir growth pattern are then formulated as functions of fracture deformations. While verified, the capability of the model to simulate field representative natural fractures is found to be satisfactory. The model is also applied to central Australian reservoirs to investigate permeability enhancement behavior with respect to various fracture attributes. The production performance of the proposed stimulation technology is assessed, and its potential for applications to tight gas reservoirs is also found to be very high.
Prediction and Analysis of Telemetry Data Based on LSTM Network (2019)

Aiming at the complexity of telemetry sequence data and the long-term dependence on historical data, a method of telemetry data prediction based on LSTM network is proposed, which includes extracting, classifying, scaling and time slicing of raw data to minimize the prediction error. As a goal, from the change law of the data itself, the feature parameter sequence is combined with the original sequence data as the input of the LSTM network model, and the LSTM network model is trained and predicted. By comparing the prediction results of existing network prediction models on various types of parameter datasets, it is verified that the proposed LSTM prediction model has higher accuracy and strong applicability.
Analysis of Pulmonary Mechanics and the Factors for Coughing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2003)

Objective: To investigate the pathologic pulmonary mechanics and analyze the factors affecting cough ability in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Method: Thirty-one patients with DMD were investigated. The vital capacity (VC), maximum insufflation capacity (MIC), maximal inspiratory (MIP), and expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured. Unassisted peak cough flow (UPCF) and assisted PCF at three different conditions were evaluated. Results: The mean value of MICs (1,873644 cc) was higher than that of VCs (1,509640 cc). MIP and MEP were 48.821.4% and 29.519.5% of predicted normal value respectively. MIP was correlated with UPCFs as well as MEP. All of three assisted cough methods showed significantly higher value than unassisted method (p＜0.01). The manual assisted PCFs at MIC significantly exceeded those produced by manual assisted or PCFs at MIC. The positive correlation between the MIC-VC difference and PCF at MIC-UPCF difference was seen (p＜0.01). Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle strength and the preservation of pulmonary compliance is important for the development of effective cough as well as expiratory muscle power. Thus, the clinical implication of the inspiratory phase in assisting a cough should be emphasized.
Synthesis of Boron Nitride with Ordered Mesostructure (2005)

The preparation of ordered mesoporous boron nitride (BN) by using trimethylaminoborazine as a BN source and mesoporous carbon CMK-3 as a template is reported. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and pore size analysis show that the structure of the synthesized BN molecular sieves consists of a two-dimensional regular array of uniform mesopores approximately 4.4 nm in diameter (see Figure).
Side Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics: Extrapyramidal Symptoms and the Metabolic Syndrome (2006)

In this article we examine the two major classes of side effects with atypical antipsychotics: extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and the metabolic syndrome (the triad of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, with associated obesity). We conclude that atypical antipsychotics continue to have notable risks of EPS, particularly akathisia, and that these agents also appear to increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome, though this effect seems most marked with clozapine and olanzapine. Novel conclusions based on this review are as follows: we provide a classification scheme based on low versus high D2 binding affinity (which is, to our knowledge, a new means of classifying atypical antipsychotics); we emphasize that the akathisia risk is likely equal among agents and that tardive dyskinesia is an early, and not late, risk in treatment (a common misconception); we make the methodological point that in randomized clinical trials, there is a high risk of false-negatives regarding side effects; we raise the issue of confounding bias in epidemiological studies of metabolic syndrome; and we stress the need to compare side effects in the same studies and not different studies. Future prospective observational cohort studies must target side effects and be designed to collect and analyze data on confounding factors.
Transmitter and translating receiver design for 64-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) (2010)

This paper explores the architecture and design of an optically-implemented 64-ary PPM transmitter and direct-translating receiver that effectively translates incoming electrically-generated bit streams into optical PPM symbols (and vice-versa) at > 1 Gb/s data rates. The PPM transmitter is a cascade of optical switches operating at the frame rate. A corresponding receiver design is more difficult to architect and implement, since increasing data rates lead to correspondingly shorter decision times (slot times and frame times). We describe a solution in the form of a time-to-space mapping arrayed receiver that performs a translating algorithm represented as a code map. The technique for generating the code map is described, and the implementation of the receiver as a planar lightwave circuit is given. The techniques for implementing the transmitter and receiver can be generalized for any case of <i>M</i>-ary PPM.
A honeycomb-like monolayer of HfO<sub>2</sub> and the calculation of static dielectric constant eliminating the effect of vacuum spacing (2018)

A novel dielectric material of monolayer 1T-HfO<sub>2</sub> has been investigated using first-principles calculations. The stability of 1T-HfO<sub>2</sub> has been proved by both phonon dispersions and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations, although its 2H structural counterpart is dynamically unstable. 1T-HfO<sub>2</sub> monolayer can be cleaved from the (111) facet of cubic HfO<sub>2</sub>. It is found that 1T-HfO<sub>2</sub> has a large band gap of 6.73 eV, exceeding the band gaps of h-BN (5.97 eV) and bulk HfO<sub>2</sub> (5.7 eV). From the microscopic perspective of dielectric polarization, we provide an explanation for the dependence of the dielectric constant directly calculated from the supercell of a two-dimensional (2D) system on the variable vacuum spacing, and we thus obtain a rational method for accurately evaluating the dielectric constants of 2D materials based on the calculated value obtained from a supercell to meet periodic conditions. Our derivation can be verified by the data fitting of a series of calculations with different vacuum spacings. The static dielectric constants of 1T-HfO<sub>2</sub> along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions are 27.35 and 4.80, respectively, higher than those of monolayer h-BN. The large band gap and high dielectric constant make 1T-HfO<sub>2</sub> a promising candidate as a dielectric layer in 2D field-effect transistors and heterojunctions.
The research of digital recognition technology based on bp neural network (2013)

BP neural network is widely used in nonlinear modeling, pattern recognition and forecasting etc. Based on principles of BP neural network to digit recognition, using several training functions prepared by the MATLAB neural network toolbox, the paper focus on training of the BP neural network, and uses the Smolensk neural networkmodeling to simulate it. The result shows that the BP neural network used for the digit recognition is capable for recognition to some extent, its algorithmoperated easily, and properly choosing relative variables can achieve better recognition effect of the system.
Growth hormone release after N-methyl-D,L-aspartate in sheep: dose response and effect of an opioid antagonist. (1990)

The objectives of our experiments were 1) to determine the effect of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA), an agonist of the neuroexcitatory amino acids aspartate and glutamate, on growth hormone (GH) release in ovariectomized ewes, and 2) to determine the effect of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on the GH response to NMA. Jugular blood was collected via venipuncture at 12-min intervals for 2 h before and 2 h after i.v. injection of NMA. In Exp. 1, ewes received either 0, 6, 12 or 24 mg NMA/kg BW dissolved in .9% saline solution (n = 4 per treatment). Growth hormone concentrations were similar (P greater than .1) between groups prior to injection (9.8 +/- .7 ng/ml; mean +/- SEM) and were unaffected (P greater than .1) by saline treatment. In contrast, 6, 12 or 24 mg NMA/kg BW increased mean GH concentration by 210% (P less than .04), 273% (P less than .02) and 234% (P less than .02), respectively. In Exp. 2, ewes received NMA (6 mg/kg BW) 5 min after either saline (n = 4) or naloxone (1 mg/kg BW; n = 4) pretreatment. Serum GH concentrations averaged 7.0 +/- 1.1 ng/ml before pretreatment and increased similarly (238%; P greater than .1) in both groups following NMA. In summary, NMA increased GH concentrations in ovariectomized ewes by some mechanism that does not involve opioid receptors that are antagonized by naloxone.
Trilacunary Heteropolytungstates Functionalized by Organometallic Ruthenium(II), [(RuC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)<sub>2</sub>XW<sub>9</sub>O<sub>34</sub>]<sup>6-</sup> (X = Si, Ge) (2005)

The benzene-Ru(II)-supported trilacunary heteropolytungstates [(RuC6H6)2XW9O34]6- (X = Si, 1; Ge, 2) have been synthesized and characterized by multinuclear solution NMR (183W, 13C, 1H, 29Si), UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and elemental analysis. Single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out on Rb2Na4[(RuC6H6)2SiW9O34].21H2O (RbNa-1), which crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P, with a = 11.9415(2) A, b = 13.3123(2) A, c = 19.4927(4) A, alpha = 96.6460(10) degrees , beta = 95.1570(10) degrees , gamma = 98.2560(10) degrees , and Z = 2 and on Cs2Na4[(RuC6H6)2GeW9O34].19.5H2O (CsNa-2), which crystallizes also in the triclinic system, space group P, with a = 11.930(4) A, b = 13.353(4) A, c = 19.586(6) A, alpha = 95.982(5) degrees , beta = 95.414(6) degrees , gamma = 98.142(5) degrees , and Z = 2. The novel polyanion structure consists of two (RuC6H6) units linked to a trilacunary (XW9O34) Keggin fragment via Ru-O(W) and Ru-O(X) bonds resulting in an assembly with Cs symmetry. Polyanions 1 and 2 were synthesized by reaction of [RuC6H6Cl2]2 with [A-alpha-XW9O34]10- in aqueous buffer medium (pH 6.0). Both 1 and 2 are stable in solution as indicated by the expected 5-line pattern (2:1:2:2:2) in the 183W NMR and the expected (3C, 1H, and 29Si spectra. Descriptions of the respective electrochemical behaviors of the W centers and the Ru centers in 1 and 2 are given in media where these processes are clearly defined. In a pH = 3 acetate medium, the cyclic voltammetry of the W centers shows the known fingerprint of the trilacunary alpha-[XW9O34]n- (X = Ge, Si) moieties. The presence of the (RuC6H6) substituents imparts a good stability to these fragments in solution. Stepwise oxidation of the Ru centers was suspected in pH = 5 acetate medium, but only the first step was well-separated from a large current composite wave. The stepwise oxidation was finally observed clearly in a DMF-water (90/10 v/v) mixture and shows two well-behaved Ru oxidation processes. A short comparison is made with DMSO-bearing Ru polyoxometalates.
Low power CMOS clock buffer (2002)

Modern high speed CMOS processors using on-chip phase-locked-loops often require a clock buffer with stringent specifications on the signal's rise time and fall time rather than on the buffer's delay time. For these applications, we propose a low power CMOS clock buffer that momentarily tri-states its output to minimize its power dissipation and its area requirement below those that are achievable by the traditional tapered CMOS buffers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The use of graduated scenarios to facilitate the learning of complex and difficult-to- describe concepts (2009)

There are many complex concepts in higher education learning that are difficult to convey to learners in words. Some examples are reflective learning; critical thinking; clinical reasoning; processes of evaluation (e.g. in art and design subjects) and professional practice (e.g. teaching itself). These are important concepts that evade straightforward uses of language that might explain how to do them and how then to do them better or at a deeper level and so on. This article explores a method that has been developed to facilitate the learning of such concepts the graduated scenario technique. The article describes the initial development of the method with respect to the concept of reflective learning. Graduated scenarios are based on two practices first, the use of examples and demonstrations that show learners in this case how to write reflectively. Second, they demonstrate the characteristics of deep reflection as opposed to superficial and descriptive reflection. This demonstration is made explicit at the end of the exercise, in a framework for, in this case, reflective learning. The assumption is made that better quality learning emanates from deeper reflection (e.g. Hatton and Smith 1995). The article goes on to discuss the application of the graduated scenario technique to critical thinking. It then moves to a more generic approach, considering why such a technique appears to be helpful and it provides examples of other areas of learning in which it could be used.
Abstract 4983: T cells expressing chimeric PD1 receptors that contain a Dap10 costimulatory domain are a potential treatment for multiple types of cancer (2017)

Abstract Adoptive transfer of tumor-reactive T cells is a promising anti-tumor therapy for many cancers. To enhance tumor recognition by T cells, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) consisting of signaling domains fused to receptors that recognize tumor antigens can be created and expressed in T cells. One receptor that is a prospective target for a new chimeric antigen receptor is PD1 because the ligands for the PD1 receptor are expressed on many cancer types. Therefore we developed a murine chimeric PD1 receptor (chPD1) consisting of the PD1 receptor extracellular ligand recognition domain and the activation domain of CD3 zeta. In addition, current chimeric antigen receptor therapies utilize various costimulatory domains to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. Therefore, we also compared the inclusion of CD28, Dap10, 41BB, GITR, ICOS, or OX40 costimulatory domains in our chPD1 receptor to determine which costimulatory domain induced optimal anti-tumor immunity. To determine if this novel CAR could potentially target a wide variety of tumors, the anti-tumor efficacy of chPD1 T cells against murine lymphoma, melanoma, kidney, pancreatic, liver, and colon cancer cell lines was measured. Of the ten cell lines tested, all expressed PD1 ligands on their cell surface, making them potential targets for chPD1 T cells. Regardless of the costimulatory domain in the CAR, all of the chPD1 T cells induced similar levels of T cell proliferation and tumor cell lysis. However, differences were observed in the cytokine secretion profiles depending on which costimulatory receptor was included in the CAR. While most of the chPD1 T cell receptor combinations secreted both pro-inflammatory (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, GM-CSF, IL-17, and IL-21) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-5) as determined by ELISA and LegendPlex analysis, chPD1 T cells containing a Dap10 costimulatory domain secreted high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but did not secrete a significant amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, adoptive transfer of chPD1 T cells could be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat multiple types of cancer and inclusion of the Dap10 costimulatory domain in chimeric antigen receptors may induce a preferential cytokine profile for anti-tumor therapies. Citation Format: Kelsey Deal, Emily Nylen, Amorette E. Barber. T cells expressing chimeric PD1 receptors that contain a Dap10 costimulatory domain are a potential treatment for multiple types of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4983. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4983
LL-37-Derived Peptides Eradicate Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Thermally Wounded Human Skin Equivalents (2014)

Burn wound infections are often difficult to treat due to the presence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and biofilms. Currently, mupirocin is used to eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from colonized persons; however, mupirocin resistance is also emerging. Since we consider antimicrobial peptides to be promising candidates for the development of novel anti-infective agents, we studied the antibacterial activities of a set of synthetic peptides against different strains of S. aureus, including mupirocin-resistant MRSA strains. The peptides were derived from P60.4Ac, a peptide based on the human cathelicidin LL-37. The results showed that peptide 10 (P10) was the only peptide more efficient than P60.4Ac, which is better than LL-37, in killing MRSA strain LUH14616. All three peptides displayed good antibiofilm activities. However, both P10 and P60.4Ac were more efficient than LL-37 in eliminating biofilm-associated bacteria. No toxic effects of these three peptides on human epidermal models were detected, as observed morphologically and by staining for mitochondrial activity. In addition, P60.4Ac and P10, but not LL-37, eradicated MRSA LUH14616 and the mupirocin-resistant MRSA strain LUH15051 from thermally wounded human skin equivalents (HSE). Interestingly, P60.4Ac and P10, but not mupirocin, eradicated LUH15051 from the HSEs. None of the peptides affected the excretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8) by thermally wounded HSEs upon MRSA exposure. In conclusion, the synthetic peptides P60.4Ac and P10 appear to be attractive candidates for the development of novel local therapies to treat patients with burn wounds infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Quater‐, Quinque‐, and Sexithiophene Organogelators: Unique Thermochromism and Heating‐Free Sol–Gel Phase Transition (2005)

A series of quater-, quinque-, and sexithiophene derivatives bearing two cholesteryl groups at the alpha-position, which are abbreviated as 4 T-(chol)(2), 5 T-(chol)(2), and 6 T-(chol)(2), respectively, have been synthesized. It has been found that these oligothiophene derivatives act as excellent organogelators for various organic fluids and show the unique thermochromic behaviors through the sol-gel phase transition. It was shown on the basis of extensive investigations, performed with UV-visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), that these gelators self-assemble into the one-dimensional structures in the organogels, in which the pi-block moieties of the oligothiophenes are stacked in an H-aggregation mode. Surprisingly, an AFM image shows that 4 T-(chol)(2) forms unimolecular fibers in a left-handed helical sense, whereby one pitch of the helical fiber is constructed by 400-540 4 T-(chol)(2) molecules. Very interestingly, the conformational change in the oligothiophene moieties can be visually detected: for example, 6 T-(chol)(2) shows a specific absorption maximum in the gel (lambda(max) = 389 nm) and in the solution (lambda(max) = 439 nm). In addition, a sol-gel phase transition of the 6 T-(chol)(2) gel was implemented by addition of oxidizing and reducing reagents such as FeCl(3) and ascorbic acid, respectively. The stimuli-responsive functionality of the oligothiophene-based organogels makes them promising candidates for switchable opto- and electronic soft materials.
Development of unique cytotoxic chimeric antigen receptors based on human scFv targeting B7H6 (2017)

As a stress-inducible natural killer (NK) cell ligand, B7H6 plays a role in innate tumor immunosurveillance and is a fairly tumor selective marker expressed on a variety of solid and hematologic cancer cells. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new family of single chain fragment variable (scFv) molecules targeting the human B7H6 ligand. Through directed evolution of a yeast surface displayed non-immune human-derived scFv library, eight candidates comprising a single family of clones differing by up to four amino acid mutations and exhibiting nM avidities for soluble B7H6-Ig were isolated. A representative clone re-formatted as an scFv-CH1-Fc molecule demonstrated specific binding to both B7H6-Ig and native membrane-bound B7H6 on tumor cell lines with a binding avidity comparable to the previously characterized B7H6-targeting antibody, TZ47. Furthermore, these clones recognized an epitope distinct from that of TZ47 and the natural NK cell ligand NKp30, and demonstrated specific activity against B7H6-expressing tumor cells when expressed as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in T cells.
PLS 기법을 이용한 임파워링 리더십과 심리적 주인의식 및 지방정부 고객접점 관료들의 고객지향 경계확장행동간 구조적 관계분석 (2016)

노동집약적인 조직구조와 행정 서비스를 제공하는 지방정부의 특성상 고객접점 관료들(customer contact employees)의 행동은 대주민 서비스의 질적 수준을 높여 지방정부조직의 경쟁력과 잠재력에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 이를 위해서는 고객접점 관료들의 자발적이고 주도적인 고객지향 경계확장행동이 요구되지만 상관의 지시나 명령에 소극적으로 대응하는 경직화된 조직문화의 속성을 가지고 있는 지방정부에서 관료들의 주인의식에 기반한 자발적인 고객 서비스를 기대하기는 쉽지 않다. 그동안 공공기관 관료들의 대고객서비스 강화를 위한 많은 연구가 있었지만 임파워링 리더십과 심리적 주인의식(psychological ownership)과 같은 관료들의 심리 및 정서적 변인들과 관련된 연구는 찾기가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구는 권한과 책임감 부여 및 리더와 구성원간 사회적 연결망을 중시하는 임파워링 리더십은 고객접점 영역에 있는 관료들의 조직 및 직무에 대한 소유의식을 자극하여 자기 주도적 결정성을 통해 고객지향 경계확장행동 의지를 더욱 고양시킬 수 있을 것이라는 가정하에 이들 변인들간 구조적 관계를 경험적으로 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 분석 결과, 임파워링 리더십은 심리적 주인의식과 고객지향 경계확장행동의 중요한 영향변인으로 확인되었으며, 동시에 심리적 주인의식은 임파워링 리더십과 고객지향 경계확장행동간 관계에서 부분적인 매개기능도 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 기존리더십 이론과 조직시민행동 이론의 확장에 기여하는 등의 학문적 공헌은 물론 향후 대고객 서비스 강화를 위한 지방정부 조직운영 방향에도 기여한다는 측면에서 실무적 시사성도 기대된다.