gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lossless Source Coding in the Point-to-Point, Multiple Access, and Random Access Scenarios (2019)

This paper treats point-to-point, multiple access and random access lossless source coding in the finite-blocklength regime. A random coding technique is developed, and its power in analyzing the third-order coding performance is demonstrated in all three scenarios. Results include a third-order-optimal characterization of the Slepian-Wolf rate region and a proof showing that for dependent sources, the independent encoders used by Slepian-Wolf codes can achieve the same third-order- optimal performance as a single joint encoder. The concept of random access source coding, which generalizes the multiple access scenario to allow for a subset of participating encoders that is unknown a priori to both the encoders and the decoder, is introduced. Contributions include a new definition of the probabilistic model for a random access-discrete multiple source, a general random access source coding scheme that employs a rateless code with sporadic feedback, and an analysis demonstrating via a random coding argument that there exists a deterministic code of the proposed structure that simultaneously achieves the third- order-optimal performance of Slepian-Wolf codes for all possible subsets of encoders.
Charge transport polymers for organic electroluminescent devices (1994)

Abstract Triple‐layer‐type organic electroluminescent devices were fabricated using charge‐transporting poly( N ‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a hole‐transporting emitter layer. Electron‐transporting layers consisting of a triazole derivative (TAZ) and an aluminum complex (Alq) layer were used to maximize the carrier recombination efficiency. The EL device with a structure of glass substrate/indium‐tinoxide/PVK/TAZ/AIq/Mg:Ag showed bright blue emission from the PVK layer with a luminance of over 700 cd/m 2 . The emission color was tuned to a desirable color in the visible region through doping the PVK layer with fluorescent dyes. Bright white emission, in particular, was obtained for the first time at a high luminance level of over 3000 cd/m 2 by using three kinds of fluorescent dyes each emitting red, green or blue.
Changes in Polygalacturonase Isoenzymes and Converter in Tomatoes During Ripening (1986)

Abstract Tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Tropic’) were examined for changes during ripening in fruit firmness, water-soluble pectin, the 2 polygalacturonases (PG I and PG II), and polygalacturonase converter. The loss of fruit firmness and increase in water-soluble pectin at the turning stage of ripeness coincided with the appearance of PG activity. The initial activity was due exclusively to PG I, which continued to increase during ripening. PG I was the major polygalacturonase isoenzyme in extracts of tomatoes at all stages of ripeness, contrary to previous reports. PG II was first detected in pink fruit and increased markedly with ripening. Polygalacturonase converter was present in green tomatoes, but also began to increase at the turning stage. The results indicate that PG I may be formed during extraction of tomatoes from PG II and the converter as they are solubilized.
Effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor in the treatment of oral ulcer in children with hand-foot-mouth disease (2011)

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of recombinant human epidermal growth factor(geneitim) in the treatment of oral ulcer in children with Hand-foot-mouth disease.Methods: 200 children patients with Hand-mouth disease were classfied into 4 groups with 50 in each group.In control group,regular 3% H2O2 and normal saline were used to cross-rinse the ulcer,dicaine geal was daubed on the ulcer.In iodine glycerin group,iodine glycerin was daubed on the ulcer after regular cleaning.In Bin-Peng-San group,Bing-Peng-San was daubed on the ulcer after regular cleasing.In genetim group,genetim was sprayed on the ulcer after regular cleansing.The instant feeling,pain ease time,ulcer healing time and drug side effects were observed and analysed.Results: The overall treatment effectiveness rate was 48% in iodine glycerin group,54% in Bing-Peng-San group,94% in genetim group and 12% in control group(P0.01).The overall treatment effectiveness rate in genetim group was significantly higher than that in iodine glycerin group and Bing-Peng-San group(P0.01).Oral partically symptom improvement in the 3 treatment groups was significantly better than that in control group(P0.01).No side-effect was observed after medicine treatment in the groups.Conclusions: Recombinant human epidermal growth factor is effective in the treatment of oral ulcer in children with Hand-foot-mouth disease.
A Bayesian criterion for simplicity in inverse problem parametrization (2000)

Summary To solve a geophysical inverse problem in practice means using noisy measurements to estimate a finite number of parameters. These parameters in turn describe a continuous spatial distribution of physical properties. (For example, the continuous solution may be expressed as the linear combination of a number of orthogonal functions; the parameters are the coefficients multiplying each of these functions.) As the solution is non-unique, estimating the parameters of interest also requires a measure of their uncertainty for the given data. In a Bayesian approach, this uncertainty is quantified by the posterior probability density function (pdf) of the parameters. This ‘parameter estimation’, however, can only be carried out for a given way of parametrizing the problem; choosing a parametrization is the ‘model selection’ problem. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a Bayesian model selection criterion that ranks different parametrizations from their posterior probability for the given set of geophysical measurements. This posterior probability is computed using Bayes’ rule and is higher for parametrizations that better fit the data, which are simple in that they have fewer free parameters, and which result in a posterior pdf that departs the least from what is expected a priori. Bayesian model selection is illustrated for a gravitational edge effect inverse problem, where the variation of density contrast with depth is to be inferred from gravity gradient measurements at the surface. Two parametrizations of the density contrast are examined, where the parameters are the coefficients of an orthogonal function expansion or the values at the nodes of a cubic spline interpolation. Bayesian model selection allows one to decide how many free parameters should be used in either parametrization and which of the two parametrizations is preferred given the data. While the illustration used here is for a simple linear problem, the proposed Bayesian criterion can be extended to the general non-linear case.
Supply and demand in smart grid: A closed-loop pricing strategy (2015)

How to design a dynamic pricing strategy in smart grid is an important but challenging problem due to the uncertainty of customers' demand and their reaction to the price. Most of the existing pricing strategies depend on the prediction of customers' demand and their reaction to the price, thus are not robust enough due to the prediction which may cause a high cost to the supplier. In this paper, we propose a closed-loop pricing algorithm (CPA), which can largely decrease the cost and result in both costing savings for customers and higher profit for the supplier, and thus achieves a win-win solution. We provide sufficient conditions to guarantee the win-win solution for customers and the supplier. We also prove that CPA can obtain a stable price. Extensive simulations confirm with our analysis and show that the combined cost saving and profit gain of both customers and the supplier can be 76% by the proposed algorithm compared with the prediction-based pricing algorithm.
Switch: A Planning Tool for Power Systems with Large Shares of Intermittent Renewable Energy (2012)

Wind and solar power are highly variable, so it is it unclear how large a role they can play in future power systems. This work introduces a new open-source electricity planning model--Switch--that identifies the least-cost strategy for using renewable and conventional generators and transmission in a large power system over a multidecade period. Switch includes an unprecedented amount of spatial and temporal detail, making it possible to address a new type of question about the optimal design and operation of power systems with large amounts of renewable power. A case study of California for 2012-2027 finds that there is no maximum possible penetration of wind and solar power--these resources could potentially be used to reduce emissions 90% or more below 1990 levels without reducing reliability or severely raising the cost of electricity. This work also finds that policies that encourage customers to shift electricity demand to times when renewable power is most abundant (e.g., well-timed charging of electric vehicles) could make it possible to achieve radical emission reductions at moderate costs.
An Effective Method for the Fabrication of Few‐Layer‐Thick Inorganic Nanosheets (2012)

Intercalation and exfoliation of lithium: Few-layer-thick inorganic nanosheets (BN, NbSe(2), WSe(2), Sb(2)Se(3), and Bi(2)Te(3)) have been prepared from their layered bulk precursors by using a controllable electrochemical lithium intercalation process. The lithium intercalation conditions, such as cut-off voltage and discharge current, have been systematically studied and optimized to produce high-quality BN and NbSe(2) nanosheets.
근거이론분석을 이용한 관광산업 여성종사원의 직업적응과정에 대한 연구: 경력확립기 및 유지기에 있는 2년 이상의 경력자를 중심으로 (2020)

This study aims to present solutions to female employees in the tourism industry by examining their vocational adaptation process through the ground-based theory analysis and studying what difficulties they are experiencing in the vocational adaptation process. To this end, a total of 40 people working in the tourism industry were interviewed for 40 minutes to one hour from November 2019 to March 2020. Studies have shown that female employees in the tourism industry, who have more than two years of careers, go through a vocational adaptation process in four stages. Expectations played an important role especially when choosing a job, and self-efficacy, such as encouragement and praise from people around them, and positive thinking and pleasure, played an important role in adapting to a job. In particular, as a result of the analysis of the types of paradigm models, there were two types of career development and self-realization, with those working in the MICE and casino sectors belonging to the career development type, while those working in the hotel and travel agencies were found to have high self-realization type. In response, companies should provide various job experience opportunities, such as various support and job circulation, so that they can be used as a venue for self-development without being bored to ensure employment feasibility for job adaptation and minimize job insecurity.
H-Ras Peptide and Protein Substrates Bind Protein Farnesyltransferase as an Ionized Thiolate (1998)

The zinc metalloenzyme protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) catalyzes the alkylation of a cysteine residue of protein substrates with a 15 carbon farnesyl group. We have developed fluorescence assays to directly measure the affinity of the enzyme for peptide and protein (Ras) substrates. A peptide corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of H-Ras binds to FTase in the microM range (KD = 4 microM) at physiological pH; however, the peptide affinity is enhanced approximately 70-fold in a ternary complex with an enzyme-bound farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) analogue, indicating that the two substrates bind synergistically. The pH dependence of substrate binding was also investigated, and two ionizations were observed: for the ternary complex, the pKa values are 8.1, reflecting ionization of the thiol of the free peptide, and 6.4. The pH dependence of the ligand-metal charge-transfer band in the optical absorption spectra of a Co2+-substituted FTase ternary complex suggests that a metal-coordinated thiol ionizes with a pKa of 6.3. These data indicate that metal coordination of the peptide sulfur with the zinc ion in FTase lowers the pKa of the thiol resulting in formation of a bound thiolate at physiological pH.
A Laboratory Phenotype/Genotype Correlation of 1167 French Patients From 670 Families With von Willebrand Disease (2016)

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a genetic bleeding disease due to a defect of von Willebrand factor (VWF), a glycoprotein crucial for platelet adhesion to the subendothelium after vascular injury. VWD include quantitative defects of VWF, either partial (type 1 with VWF levels <50 IU/dL) or virtually total (type 3 with undetectable VWF levels) and also qualitative defects of VWF (type 2 variants with discrepant antigenic and functional VWF levels). The most bleeding forms of VWD usually do not concern type 1 patients with the mildest VWF defects (VWF levels between 30 and 50 IU/dL). The French reference center for VWD performed a laboratory phenotypic and genotypic analysis in 1167 VWD patients (670 families) selected by their basic biologic phenotype: type 3, type 2, and type 1 with VWF levels <30 IU/dL. In these patients indeed, to achieve an accurate diagnosis of VWD type and subtype is crucial for the management (treatment and genetic counseling). A phenotype/genotype correlation was present in 99.3% of cases; 323 distinct VWF sequence variations (58% of novel) were identified (missense 67% versus truncating 33%). The distribution of VWD types was: 25% of type 1, 8% of type 3, 66% of type 2 (2A: 18%, 2B: 17%, 2M: 19%, 2N: 12%), and 1% of undetermined type. Type 1 VWD was related either to a defective synthesis/secretion or to an accelerated clearance of VWF. In type 3 VWD, bi-allelic mutations of VWF were found in almost all patients. In type 2A, the most frequent mechanism was a hyper-proteolysis of VWF. Type 2B showed 85% of patients with deleterious mutations (distinct from type 2B New York). Type 2M was linked to a defective binding of VWF to platelet glycoprotein Ib or to collagen. Type 2N VWD included almost half type 2N/3. This biologic study emphasizes the complex mechanisms for both quantitative and qualitative VWF defects in VWD. In addition, this study provides a new epidemiologic picture of the most bleeding forms of VWD in which qualitative defects are predominant.
Performance optimization of Cuk converters by sliding-mode control (2003)

A novel approach to the design of sliding mode controllers for Cuk power converters is presented, which is valid for both complete status feedback (fourth-order controller) and reduced status feedback (second-order controller). According to the proposed design criteria, both control techniques ensure excellent static and dynamic performances, also resulting in simple control implementation and minimum size of the energy transfer capacitor. Experimental results are reported, and compared with those obtained with other popular control techniques. The proposed approach has three main advantages: control implementation is very simple; large-signal stability, nonoscillatory response of all state variables, and short settling time are ensured in any operating condition; and the transfer capacitor can become very small, since decoupling of input and output stages is not required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study on the Effect of Pueraria Injection on Thrombosis Formation,Cerebral Ischemia and Platelet Aggregation in Rats (2011)

Objective To study the effect of pueraria injection on thrombosis formation,cerebral ischemia and platelet aggregation in Rats.Method:The pueraria injection was given to the rats after randomization.The experimental model of thrombosis formation was established by the blood flow bypass between carotid artery and external jugular vein.The model of acute incompletecerebral ischemia was established by ligating the bilateral carotid artery.The model of platelet aggregation was induced by ADP.Result: The pueraria injection could decrease the wet weight and dry weight of thrombosis,reduce the area of cerebral infarction,cerebral index and cerebral water content,and inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by ADP.Conclusion: The pueraria injection could decrease thrombosis formation and protect cerebral ischemia through inhibiting the platelet aggregation.It provided the scientific data for the further application in clinical practices.
Research on android malware detection and interception based on behavior monitoring (2012)

Focusing on the sensitive behaviors of malware, such as privacy stealing and money costing, this paper proposes a new method to monitor software behaviors and detect malicious applications on Android platform. According to the theory and implementation of Android Binder interprocess communication mechanism, a prototype system that integrates behavior monitoring and intercepting, malware detection, and identification is built in this work. There are 50 different kinds of samples used in the experiment of malware detection, including 40 normal samples and 10 malicious samples. The theoretical analysis and experimental result demonstrate that this system is effective in malware detection and interception, with a true positive rate equal to 100% and a false positive rate less than 3%.
Surface functionalization of gold nanoparticles using hetero-bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) spacer for intracellular tracking and delivery (2006)

For the development of surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles as cellular probes and delivery agents, we have synthesized hetero-bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, MW 1500) having a thiol group on one terminus and a reactive functional group on the other for use as a flexible spacer. Coumarin, a model fluorescent dye, was conjugated to one end of the PEG spacer and gold nanoparticles were modified with coumarin-PEG-thiol. Surface attachment of coumarin through the PEG spacer decreased the fluorescence quenching effect of gold nanoparticles. The results of cellular cytotoxicity and fluorescence confocal analyses showed that the PEG spacer-modified nanoparticles were essentially non-toxic and could be efficiently internalized in the cells within 1 hour of incubation. Intracellular particle tracking using a Keck 3-D Fusion Microscope System showed that the functionalized gold nanoparticles were rapidly internalized in the cells and localized in the peri-nuclear region. Using the PEG spacer, the gold nano-platform can be conjugated with a variety of biologically relevant ligands such as fluorescent dyes, antibodies, etc in order to target, probe, and induce a stimulus at the target site.
Contamination suppression of coupling glass during vacuum laser welding (2022)

In vacuum laser welding, a laser beam is irradiated into a chamber through a coupling glass exposed to contamination. A conical protective system for the coupling glass is suggested, and contamination is analysed via simulation and experiments based on the conical component height and the gas flow rate. Stable descending flow is a key to suppressing the contamination, which affects the particle ascending velocity, horizontal deflection of particles and number of residual particles. The laser transmission area can be protected using a gas flow rate of 1.0 L min −1 or a cone height of 90 mm for the conical component. The conical protective system demonstrates excellent contamination suppression capability. The simulation-based approach can provide an effective design for the protective system.
Approximation of the Hunt94 color appearance model by means of feed-forward neural networks (2002)

The authors define here an approximation of the combination of the forward and reverse Hunt94 color appearance models by means of feed-forward neural networks trained with a back-propagation algorithm on a rather small, standard training set. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the approach.
Tapered transmission line technique based graded matching layers for thickness mode piezoelectric transducers (2009)

Conventionally, in order to acoustically match thickness mode piezoelectric transducers to a low acoustic impedance load medium, multiple quarter wavelength (QW) matching layers are employed at the front face of the device. Typically a number of layers, 2-4 in number, are employed resulting in discrete impedance steps within the acoustic matching scheme. This can result in impedance matching with limited bandwidth characteristics. This paper investigates the application of tapered transmission line filter theory to implement a graded impedance profile, through the thickness of the matching layer scheme, to solve the impedance mismatch problem whilst accounting for enhanced transducer sensitivity and bandwidth.
Nuclear genes involved in chloroplast gene expression (1996)

Abstract Chloroplast biogenesis depends on the concerted action of two distinct genetic systems located in the nucleus and in the plastids. While the informational content of chloroplasts is well known from the complete sequences of several plastid genomes (1,2,3,4; Chapter 3), the role of nuclear genes involved in this process is less understood and appears to be rather complex. A large number, most likely over 1000 nuclear genes, are involved in chloroplast biogenesis. Many of these genes encode components of the photosynthetic apparatus and of the chloroplast genetic and protein synthesizing systems. Others encode polypeptides from the stroma and from the plastid envelope, and several participate in various chloroplast metabolic processes.
Sensitivity and correlation of hypervariable regions in 16S rRNA genes in phylogenetic analysis (2016)

Our results suggest that V4-V6 might be optimal sub-regions for the design of universal primers with superior phylogenetic resolution for bacterial phyla. A potential relationship between function and the evolution of 16S rRNA is also discussed.
Angiotensin II and III Metabolism and Effects on Steroid Production in the HAC15 Human Adrenocortical Cell Line (2012)

Aldosterone is synthesized in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex under primary regulation by the renin-angiotensin system. Angiotensin II (A-II) acts through the angiotensin types 1 and 2 receptors (AT1R and AT2R). A-II is metabolized in different tissues by various enzymes to generate two heptapeptides A-III and angiotensin 1-7, which can then be catabolized into smaller peptides. A-II was more potent than A-III in stimulating aldosterone secretion in the adrenocortical cell line HAC15, and A-II, but not A-III, stimulated cortisol secretion. A-II stimulated mRNA expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2, whereas A-III stimulated 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2 but decreased the expression of CYP17A1 required for cortisol synthesis. The stimulation of aldosterone secretion by A-II and A-III was blocked by the AT1R receptor blocker, losartan, but not by an AT2R blocker. A-II was rapidly metabolized by the HAC15 cells to mainly to angiotensin 1-7, but not to A-III, and disappeared from the supernatant within 6 h. A-III was metabolized rapidly and disappeared within 1 h. In conclusion, A-II was not converted to A-III in the HAC15 cell and is the more potent stimulator of aldosterone secretion and cortisol of the two. A-III stimulated aldosterone secretion but not cortisol secretion.