gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Three-degree-of-freedom flexure-based manipulator for high-resolution spatial micromanipulation</title> (1998)

Flexure-based compliant mechanism design enables the development of revolute joint manipulators without the backlash or Coulomb friction that impede precision position and especially force control. Additionally, due to scaling effects, the adverse consequences of Coulomb friction are exacerbated at small scales. Conventional approaches to compliant mechanism design impose several limitations, however, such as severely limited ranges of motion, poor kinematic behavior, and significant deformation under multi- axis loading. The authors have developed a new type of compliant mechanism that enables the implementation of spatially-loaded revolute joint manipulators with well- behaved kinematic characteristics and without the backlash and stick-slip behavior that would otherwise impede precision control. The primary innovation in the design is the split-tube flexure, a unique small-scale revolute joint that exhibits a considerably larger range of motion and significantly better multi-axis revolute joint characteristics than a conventional flexure. Specifically, the compliant manipulator has an approximately spherical workspace two centimeters in diameter, yet is structurally rigid along non-actuated axes. Data from the small-scale manipulator demonstrates that positioning resolution is limited by digital quantization and sensor noise, and not by more fundamental physical limitations, such as backlash or Coulomb friction.
Multiple scattering model for the penetration depth of low-coherence enhanced backscattering (2011)

Low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) is a depth-selective self-interference phenomenon that originates from light traveling time-reversed paths in a scattering medium. The depth selectivity of LEBS and its sensitivity to optical properties of the scattering medium has made it a promising technique for probing the structure of biological tissue with applications to disease diagnosis and, in particular, precancerous conditions. The ability to accurately predict the penetration depth of the LEBS signal is important in targeting an optimal tissue depth for detecting precancerous cells. This prediction is further complicated by the variation in optical properties of different tissue types. In this paper, the effects of the reduced scattering coefficient (μ(s)'), the phase function and the instrument spatial coherence length (L(sc)) on the LEBS penetration depth are quantified. It is determined that the LEBS penetration depth is primarily dependent on L(sc), μ(s)', and the anisotropy factor (g), but has minimal dependence on higher moments of the phase function. An empirical expression, having a similar form as the double scattering approximation for LEBS, is found to accurately predict the average penetration depth in the multiple scattering regime. The expression is shown to be accurate for a broad range of experimentally relevant optical properties and spatial coherence lengths.
Absolute Position Encoders With Vertical Image Binning (2005)

Improved optoelectronic patternrecognition encoders that measure rotary and linear 1-dimensional positions at conversion rates (numbers of readings per unit time) exceeding 20 kHz have been invented. Heretofore, optoelectronic pattern-recognition absoluteposition encoders have been limited to conversion rates <15 Hz -- too low for emerging industrial applications in which conversion rates ranging from 1 kHz to as much as 100 kHz are required. The high conversion rates of the improved encoders are made possible, in part, by use of vertically compressible or binnable (as described below) scale patterns in combination with modified readout sequences of the image sensors [charge-coupled devices (CCDs)] used to read the scale patterns. The modified readout sequences and the processing of the images thus read out are amenable to implementation by use of modern, high-speed, ultra-compact microprocessors and digital signal processors or field-programmable gate arrays. This combination of improvements makes it possible to greatly increase conversion rates through substantial reductions in all three components of conversion time: exposure time, image-readout time, and image-processing time.
<title>High-resolution real-time restoration of atmospherically distorted infrared images</title> (1994)

Restoration of thermal images distorted by the atmosphere, detected with a focal plane array (FPA) Pt-Si thermal imaging system, is presented. The restoration method is based upon atmospheric modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis. Using turbulence and aerosol MTF prediction models, atmospheric distortions and image degradation are modeled. Restoration results indicate significant improvement in image quality. However, it is critical to include the unique shape of aerosol MTF when modeling atmospheric MTF in order to obtain good restoration.
Anti-Cocaine Catalytic Antibodies—A Novel Approach to the Problem of Addiction (1997)

Cocaine reinforces its self-administration in relation to the magnitude of and rate of rise to the peak serum concentration of the drug. Catalytic antibodies are artificial enzymes which could reduce serum cocaine concentrations, deprive the abuser of cocaine's reinforcing effect and thus favor extinction of the addiction. Catalytic antibodies are elicited by immunization with a stable analog of a transition-state for a chemical reaction. Through our new method for synthesizing phosphonate monoesters, we constructed several phosphonate-based transition-state analogs of cocaine hydrolysis. Using these analogs, monoclonal antibodies were elicited and, thus far, nine anti-analog antibodies with hydrolytic activity against cocaine have been identified, cloned and studied. The activity of one of these antibodies, 15A10, is sufficient to commence preclinical studies.
Stationary Computed Tomography for Space and other Resource-constrained Environments (2018)

Computed tomography (CT) is used to diagnose many emergent medical conditions, including stroke and traumatic brain injuries. Unfortunately, the size, weight, and expense of CT systems make them largely inaccessible for patients outside of major hospitals. We have designed a module containing multiple miniature x-ray sources that could allow for CT systems to be significantly lighter, smaller, and cheaper, and to operate without any moving parts. We have developed a novel photocathode-based x-ray source, created by depositing a thin film of magnesium on an electron multiplier. When illuminated by a UV LED, this photocathode emits a beam of electrons, with a beam current of up to 1 mA. The produced electrons are accelerated through a high voltage to a tungsten target. These sources are individually addressable and can be pulsed rapidly, through electronic control of the LEDs. Seven of these sources are housed together in a 17.5 degree arc within a custom vacuum manifold. A full ring of these modules could be used for CT imaging. By pulsing the sources in series, we are able to demonstrate x-ray tomosynthesis without any moving parts. With a clinical flat-panel detector, we demonstrate 3D acquisition and reconstructions of a cadaver swine lung.
Cold cathode electron emission properties of nanocrystalline diamond thin films (2002)

We have developed several methods for producing nanocrystalline diamond thin films with electron emission thresholds in the 2-5 volt/micron range. The films are grown in Ar-C/sub 60/-H/sub 2/, Ar-CH/sub 4/, Ar-CH/sub 4/-H/sub 2/, Ar-CH/sub 4/-N/sub 2/, and N/sub 2/-CH/sub 4/ microwave plasmas. Although they are all nanocrystalline, with grain sizes ranging from /spl sim/5 to 100 nm, they differ in details of their morphology and electronic properties. Photoemission yields and STM images indicate that topographically enhanced electric fields may play a role in the low thresholds observed for some of these films; however, for other films, the required field enhancement is much too large to be explained in terms of local surface topography on a diamond surface, but the observed low emission thresholds appear to be associated with enhanced interband state density.
2-Heptylcyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Disperses and Inhibits Bacterial Biofilms (2021)

Fatty-acid signaling molecules can inhibit biofilm formation, signal dispersal events, and revert dormant cells within biofilms to a metabolically active state. We synthesized 2-heptylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (2CP), an analog of <i>cis</i>-2-decenoic acid (C2DA), which contains a cyclopropanated bond that may lock the signaling factor in an active state and prevent isomerization to its least active <i>trans</i>-configuration (T2DA). 2CP was compared to C2DA and T2DA for ability to disperse biofilms formed by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. 2CP at 125 μg/ml dispersed approximately 100% of <i>S. aureus</i> cells compared to 25% for C2DA; both 2CP and C2DA had significantly less <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm remaining compared to T2DA, which achieved no significant dispersal. 2CP at 125 μg/ml dispersed approximately 60% of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilms, whereas C2DA and T2DA at the same concentration dispersed 40%. When combined with antibiotics tobramycin, tetracycline, or levofloxacin, 2CP decreased the minimum concentration required for biofilm inhibition and eradication, demonstrating synergistic and additive responses for certain combinations. Furthermore, 2CP supported fibroblast viability above 80% for concentrations below 1 mg/ml. This study demonstrates that 2CP shows similar or improved efficacy in biofilm dispersion, inhibition, and eradication compared to C2DA and T2DA and thus may be promising for use in preventing infection for healthcare applications.
Preparation and characterization of (R)-poly(.beta.-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(.epsilon.-caprolactone) and (R)-poly(.beta.-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactide) degradable diblock copolymers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of (R)-poly(.beta.-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(.epsilon.-caprolactone) and (R)-poly(.beta.-hydroxybutyrate)-poly(lactide) degradable diblock copolymersMichael S. Reeve, Stephen P. McCarthy, and Richard A. GrossCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5, 888–894Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00057a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00057a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Formal verification of correctness and performance of random priority-based arbiters (2009)

Arbiters play a critical role in the performance of electronic systems. In this paper, we describe a novel method to formally verify correctness and performance of random priority-based arbiters. We define a property of random number sequences, called Complete Random Sequence (CRS), to characterize bounded fairness properties of random number generators and random priority-based arbiters. We propose a three step verification method utilizing the notion of CRS to establish deadlock-free operation of the arbiters, and to accurately quantify the request-to-grant delays. The proposed verification method may additionally be leveraged to tune systems composed of random priority-based arbiters and pseudo-random number generators, such as linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs), for optimal performance. We have successfully applied the approach to verify a host of cache arbiters and interconnection network controllers of commercial microprocessors.
Representation of fuzzy finite state automata in continuous recurrent, neural networks (2002)

Based on previous work on encoding deterministic finite-state automata (DFA) in discrete-time, second-order recurrent neural networks with sigmoidal discriminant functions, we propose an algorithm that constructs an augmented recurrent neural network that encodes fuzzy finite-state automata (FFA). Given an arbitrary FFA, we apply an algorithm which transforms the FFA into an equivalent deterministic acceptor which computes the fuzzy string membership function. The neural network can be constructed such that it recognizes strings of fuzzy regular languages with arbitrary accuracy.
Hierarchical Image Segmentation of Remotely Sensed Data using Massively Parallel GNU-LINUX Software (2003)

A hierarchical set of image segmentations is a set of several image segmentations of the same image at different levels of detail in which the segmentations at coarser levels of detail can be produced from simple merges of regions at finer levels of detail. In [1], Tilton, et a1 describes an approach for producing hierarchical segmentations (called HSEG) and gave a progress report on exploiting these hierarchical segmentations for image information mining. The HSEG algorithm is a hybrid of region growing and constrained spectral clustering that produces a hierarchical set of image segmentations based on detected convergence points. In the main, HSEG employs the hierarchical stepwise optimization (HSWO) approach to region growing, which was described as early as 1989 by Beaulieu and Goldberg. The HSWO approach seeks to produce segmentations that are more optimized than those produced by more classic approaches to region growing (e.g. Horowitz and T. Pavlidis, [3]). In addition, HSEG optionally interjects between HSWO region growing iterations, merges between spatially non-adjacent regions (i.e., spectrally based merging or clustering) constrained by a threshold derived from the previous HSWO region growing iteration. While the addition of constrained spectral clustering improves the utility of the segmentation results, especially for larger images, it also significantly increases HSEG s computational requirements. To counteract this, a computationally efficient recursive, divide-and-conquer, implementation of HSEG (RHSEG) was devised, which includes special code to avoid processing artifacts caused by RHSEG s recursive subdivision of the image data. The recursive nature of RHSEG makes for a straightforward parallel implementation. This paper describes the HSEG algorithm, its recursive formulation (referred to as RHSEG), and the implementation of RHSEG using massively parallel GNU-LINUX software. Results with Landsat TM data are included comparing RHSEG with classic region growing.
Incremental Frequent Subgraph Mining on Large Evolving Graphs (2017)

Frequent subgraph mining is a core graph operation used in many domains, such as graph data management and knowledge exploration, bioinformatics, and security. Most existing techniques target static graphs. However, modern applications, such as social networks, utilize large evolving graphs. Mining these graphs using existing techniques is infeasible, due to the high computational cost. In this paper, we propose IncGM+, a fast incremental approach for continuous frequent subgraph mining on a single large evolving graph. We adapt the notion of “fringe” to the graph context, that is the set of subgraphs on the border between frequent and infrequent subgraphs. IncGM+ maintains fringe subgraphs and exploits them to prune the search space. To boost the efficiency, we propose an efficient index structure to maintain selected embeddings with minimal memory overhead. These embeddings are utilized to avoid redundant expensive subgraph isomorphism operations. Moreover, the proposed system supports batch updates. Using large real-world graphs, we experimentally verify that IncGM+ outperforms existing methods by up to three orders of magnitude, scales to much larger graphs and consumes less memory.
Monolithic dual-mode distributed feedback semiconductor laser for tunable continuous-wave terahertz generation (2009)

We report on a monolithic dual-mode semiconductor laser operating in the 1550-nm range as a compact optical beat source for tunable continuous-wave (CW) terahertz (THz) generation. It consists of two distributed feedback (DFB) laser sections and one phase section between them. Each wavelength of the two modes can be independently tuned by adjusting currents in micro-heaters which are fabricated on the top of the each DFB section. The continuous tuning of the CW THz emission from Fe(+)-implanted InGaAs photomixers is successfully demonstrated using our dual-mode laser as the excitation source. The CW THz frequency is continuously tuned from 0.17 to 0.49 THz.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery Rescues a Neonatal Lethal Murine Model of <i>mut</i> <sup>0</sup> Methylmalonic Acidemia (2007)

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, is most often caused by mutations in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT). Severely affected patients typically present with metabolic crisis in the early neonatal period and can perish despite intervention. Survivors follow an unstable course and can require elective liver transplantation to prevent life-threatening metabolic decompensation. Therapeutic alternatives to liver transplantation such as hepatocyte-directed gene and cell therapies lack experimental validation. We have used a murine model of mut0 MMA to assess the efficacy of virus-mediated gene therapy to rescue the neonatal lethality seen in the Mut(-/-) mice. Affected pups and control littermates received either intramuscular or intrahepatic injections of adenovirus carrying the Mut gene expressed under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. All of the Mut(-/-) pups injected via the intramuscular route perished within the first 48 hr of birth. However, more than 50% of the Mut(-/-) pups that received intrahepatic injections survived beyond weaning (day 15). The treated mutants expressed methylmalonyl-CoA mutase mRNA and protein, and displayed decreased metabolite levels compared with uninjected Mut(-/-) mice. The results demonstrate that adenovirus-mediated, hepatic methylmalonyl-CoA mutase expression can rescue Mut(-/-) pups from neonatal mortality and provide proof-of-principle evidence for the efficacy of liver-directed gene delivery in methylmalonic acidemia.
Effect of Mixed Ration Nutrient Density on Milk of Cows Transferred from High Production Group (1985)

Sixty cows beyond peak production were fed individually total mixed rations balanced for 31.8 kg of milk. Cows were changed abruptly when their average milk production for 6 days dropped below 27.2 kg to one of the following treatments (20 cows/each) for 4 wk: high ration balanced for 27.2 kg; medium, 22.7 kg; or low, 18.2 kg of milk production. After 4 wk all groups were changed abruptly to a total mixed ration balanced for 22.7 kg of milk production (medium) for an additional 4 wk.
Localization of multiple sound sources with two microphones (2000)

This paper presents a two-microphone technique for localization of multiple sound sources. Its fundamental structure is adopted from a binaural signal-processing scheme employed in biological systems for the localization of sources using interaural time differences (ITD). The two input signals are transformed to the frequency domain and analyzed for coincidences along left/right-channel delay-line pairs. The coincidence information is enhanced by a nonlinear operation followed by a temporal integration. The azimuths of the sound sources are estimated by integrating the coincidence locations across the broadband of frequencies in speech signals (the "direct" method). Further improvement is achieved by using a novel "stencil" filter pattern recognition procedure. This includes coincidences due to phase delays of greater than 2pi, which are generally regarded as ambiguous information. It is demonstrated that the stencil method can greatly enhance localization of lateral sources over the direct method. Also discussed and analyzed are two limitations involved in both methods, namely missed and artifactual sound sources. Anechoic chamber tests as well as computer simulation experiments showed that the signal-processing system generally worked well in detecting the spatial azimuths of four or six simultaneously competing sound sources.
Magnetic resonance elastography: A review (2010)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a rapidly developing technology for quantitatively assessing the mechanical properties of tissue. The technology can be considered to be an imaging-based counterpart to palpation, commonly used by physicians to diagnose and characterize diseases. The success of palpation as a diagnostic method is based on the fact that the mechanical properties of tissues are often dramatically affected by the presence of disease processes, such as cancer, inflammation, and fibrosis. MRE obtains information about the stiffness of tissue by assessing the propagation of mechanical waves through the tissue with a special magnetic resonance imaging technique. The technique essentially involves three steps: (1) generating shear waves in the tissue, (2) acquiring MR images depicting the propagation of the induced shear waves, and (3) processing the images of the shear waves to generate quantitative maps of tissue stiffness, called elastograms. MRE is already being used clinically for the assessment of patients with chronic liver diseases and is emerging as a safe, reliable, and noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy for staging hepatic fibrosis. MRE is also being investigated for application to pathologies of other organs including the brain, breast, blood vessels, heart, kidneys, lungs, and skeletal muscle. The purpose of this review article is to introduce this technology to clinical anatomists and to summarize some of the current clinical applications that are being pursued.
CO chain-reaction chemical laser (1975)

The operation of a CO chemical laser fueled by carbon monosulfide (CS) and oxygen and pumped by a chain-reaction mechanism is reported. For CS-to-CS2 mole ratios of 2.0, the chain length is 8.5. The optical performance of this chain-reaction laser, producing specific energies of 67 kJ/lbm, is superior to the performance of previous CO chemical lasers.
Two-photon spectroscopy of symmetric donor/acceptor substituted conjugated molecules (2003)

Summary form only given. The design of two-photon absorbing chromophores for applications such as optical limiting, fluorescence imaging and microfabrication, relies on the availability of detailed structure-property relationships for the two-photon response. In this presentation we will discuss the two-photon absorption spectra for donor-/spl pi/-donor (D-/spl pi/-D), donor-/spl pi/-acceptor-/spl pi/-donor (D-A-D) and acceptor-/spl pi/-donor-/spl pi/-acceptor (A-D-A) molecules (where /spl pi/ is a biphenyl, a polyenic-type or bis(styryl)benzene-type /spl pi/-bridge), which have been measured using the two-photon induced fluorescence method.