gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foot deformations under different load-bearing conditions and their relationships to stature and body weight (2009)

Footwear comfort is primarily determined by the fit between the foot and the shoe. Foot deformations that cannot be accommodated by the flexibility of the material of the shoe upper have to be dealt with by other adaptive means. The major purpose of this study was to determine foot deformations using nine foot dimensions—foot length, arch length, foot width, midfoot width, heel width, midfoot height, medial malleolus height of the most protruding point, lateral malleolus height of the most protruding point and ball girth—as well as the eversion/inversion of the foot while bearing weight. Each foot of 30 Hong Kong Chinese adults (15 males and 15 females) was laser scanned under the conditions of no body-weight (NWB), half body-weight (HWB) and full body-weight (FWB). The nine dimensions and foot rotation were determined with a computer program. The results show that the foot became significantly longer, wider, and reduced in height while everting with increased loading on the foot. The midfoot had relatively large changes in width and height when compared to the forefoot and rearfoot. Even though there were no obvious patterns between the left and right foot for both males and females, considerable differences did exist between the two feet of a few participants. Foot length as a percentage of stature changed from 14.94% to 15.10% to 15.13% in males as the load on the foot increased from NWB to HWB to FWB, respectively. These percentages were 14.56%, 14.72%, and 14.77% for females. Even though foot width was significantly correlated with the body weight of males, no such relationship exists in Hong Kong females.
Covalent Complexes Between Low Molecular Weight Heparin Fragments and Antithrombin III – Inhibition Kinetics and Turnover Parameters (1983)

Two high affinity heparin fragments (Mr 4,300 and Mr 3,200) were covalently coupled to antithrombin III (J. Biol. Chem. 1982; 257: 3401--3408) with an apparent 1:1 stoichiometry and a 30--35% yield. The purified covalent complexes inhibited factor Xa with second order rate constants very similar to those obtained for antithrombin III saturated with these heparin fragments and to that obtained for the covalent complex between antithrombin III and native high affinity heparin. The disappearance rates from plasma in rabbits of both low molecular weight heparin fragments and their complexes could adequately be represented by two-compartment mammillary models. The plasma half-life (t1/2) of both low Mr-heparin fragments was approximately 2.4 hr. Covalent coupling of the fragments to antithrombin III increased this half-life about 3.5 fold (t1/2 congruent to 7.7 hr), approaching that of free antithrombin III (t1/2 congruent to 11 +/- 0.4 hr) and resulting in a 30 fold longer life time of factor Xa inhibitory activity in plasma as compared to that of free intact heparin (t1/2 congruent to 0.25 +/- 0.04 hr).
Synthesis and Biological Evaluations of Novel Benzimidazoles as Potential Antibacterial Agents. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optical recording media with thermal coloration (1983)

Laser recording on novel optical recording media with thermal coloration is reported. The basic recording mechanism is thermally induced chemical reaction between a coloring reagent and a coupling reagent that are deposited in vacuum, separated by a light absorbing layer. Transmittance changes on a 1-μm size recording pit have been observed by writing with a laser diode at 830 nm. This medium is colored blue, red, or black by selecting a coloring reagent layer. It is applied to multicolor recording by accumulating units of media.
Interval anisotropic parameter estimation above the receiver array in walkaway and 3D VSP data (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for interval VTI anisotropic parameter estimation above VSP array. The method utilizes duplex downgoing multiples (multiples with two reflections: from the boundary and free surface) for estimation of a layered depth velocity model above the borehole receiver array. A three‐term NMO approximation function is used to estimate NMO velocity and a non‐hyperbolic parameter. Assuming that the interval vertical velocity is known from zero‐offset VSP data, Dix‐type inversion is applied to the three parameters to invert them to interval Thomsen anisotropic parameters ε, δ above the receivers. Modeling results show reasonable accuracy for the interval Thomsen parameter estimates above the VSP receiver array. For 3D or multi‐azimuthal walkaway survey, this approach is generalized for a model with horizontal homogeneous orthorhombic layers. Velocity gradient influence is analyzed analytically. It is shown that in many cases we can neglect its influence on anisotropy estimates.
Anticancer applications of allosteric inhibitors of proteasome. (2017)

e23066 Background: Proteasome as a hub protease of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway is an established anticancer drug target. Several drugs that inhibit proteasome are currently used to successfully treat aggressive blood cancers. These drugs are based on their competition with protein substrates of proteasome. However, efficacy of these drugs toward solid cancers is inadequate. Besides, the side effects and developing drug resistance are increasingly hampering the therapy. Therefore, there is an unmet challenge to develop new types of proteasome targeting compounds that are efficient against solid cancers and utilize other mechanisms to stop proteasome. Here we present a compound with a novel molecular mechanism, potentially bypassing limitations of the available drugs. Methods: We rationally designed and synthesized a series of small molecule “B” compounds, derivatives of a binding domain of seco-rapamycin that noncompetitively interfere with peptidase activities of proteasome. We tested effects of the compounds in vitro on purified proteasome, in cellulo with selected cancer cell lines and in a xenograft mouse model of prostate cancer. Results: We found that compound B1 binds to the catalytic core of proteasome far from the catalytic sites, destabilizes assembly of the 26S proteasome responsible for digest of polyUb substrates and allosterically inhibits its proteolytic activities. Molecularly, B1 impedes the gating mechanism responsible for substrate uptake as found with AFM. Tryptophan fluorescence indicates that B1 changes proteasome fold and the binding mode of competitive inhibitors. B1 substantially decreases viability of selected cancer cell lines and shifts their mechanical phenotype toward noncancerous status. B1 synergizes with bortezomib decreasing the IC50 5-10 fold. In a xenograft hormone resistant prostate cancer model, B1 treatment leads to shrinkage of the tumor size, decreases enumeration of aggressive, EpCAM+ CTCs and shifts the macrophage profile toward predator M1 type. Conclusions: B1 compounds constitute a new class of noncompetitive allosteric inhibitors of proteasome that could be useful to develop to treat aggressive prostate cancers alone or in synergy with competitive inhibitors.
Fault Analysis-based Logic Encryption (Preprint) (2013)

Abstract : Globalization of the integrated circuit (IC) design industry is making it easy for rogue elements in the supply chain to pirate ICs, overbuild ICs, and insert hardware trojans. Due to supply chain attacks, the IC industry is losing approximately $4 billion annually. One way to protect ICs from these attacks is to encrypt the design by inserting additional gates such that correct outputs are produced only when specific inputs are applied to these gates. The state - of - the - art logic encryption technique inserts gates randomly into the design but does not necessarily ensure that wrong keys corrupt the outputs. Our technique ensures that wrong keys corrupt the outputs. We relate logic encryption to fault propagation analysis in IC testing and develop a fault analysis - based logic encryption technique. This technique achieves 50% Hamming distance between the correct and wrong outputs (ideal case) when a wrong key is applied. Furthermore, this 50% Hamming distance target is achieved using a smaller number of additional gates when compared to random logic encryption.
Progress in fluorinated organically modified silicas (2015)

Abstract This perspective will highlight the significant advances in the field of fluorinated organically modified silicas occurring since 2014. After a brief introduction, an overview of the synthetic methods employed for obtaining these organic–inorganic hybrid materials with an emphasis on the lesser utilized and new synthetic methods will be given. Furthermore, novel applications beyond the more traditional non‐wetting coatings and surfaces will also be featured. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Short term cloud coverage prediction using ground based all sky imager (2014)

We have designed a system to predict the sun occlusion due to clouds. Prediction of solar irradiance is an important function in order to reduce the cost of power management when integrating solar energy. The study is towards solar irradiance prediction. We further assume that the solar irradiance is highly dependent on the cloud coverage. Using our system, we are able to predict the cloud coverage as far as 20 minutes and up to 15 minutes with the accuracy better than the baseline algorithms. Our system includes all sky images for database acquisition, optical flow based cloud tracking, sun location back propagation methods and cloud segmentation modules. We perform systematic evaluation of our system on wide range of sky images collected by using ground based all sky imager (fisheye lens). The performance analysis shows that the prediction using the proposed method reduces the prediction error compared to random prediction and prediction using persistent model. With the proposed sun occlusion prediction using back propagation model, we are able to predict the occlusion percentage with the error of around 6% for 1 minute interval and around 30% for 20 minutes interval.
Development of Hollow Ingot for Large Forging (1982)

A new method to make hollow ingots was developed to produce cylinder-type forgings economically.The key-point of this method is the structure of the core which, consisting mainly of outer and inner steel pipes and intermediate special refractory, can readily be constructed, set in the mold and pulled out from the ingot, and which enables to control the cooling from inner surface of the ingot, without such defects as inner-side cracks.Large hollow ingots up to 200t can be made by this method with less segregation than that of conventional ingots and with such small porosities that close and diminish at forging ratio of about 2.Thus, hollow ingots are utilized as materials for high grade forgings, such as pressure vessels, resulting in effective saving of production cost.Compared with conventional ingots, hollow ingots have following characteristics of solidification;(1) Total solidification time is short.(2) Minimum solidification rate is high.(3) Final solidification is not so rapia.(4) Solidification from inner surface is slow.Every feature in the internal quality of hollow ingot can be explained from these characteristics of solidification.
A Fusion-Inhibiting Peptide against Rift Valley Fever Virus Inhibits Multiple, Diverse Viruses (2013)

For enveloped viruses, fusion of the viral envelope with a cellular membrane is critical for a productive infection to occur. This fusion process is mediated by at least three classes of fusion proteins (Class I, II, and III) based on the protein sequence and structure. For Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), the glycoprotein Gc (Class II fusion protein) mediates this fusion event following entry into the endocytic pathway, allowing the viral genome access to the cell cytoplasm. Here, we show that peptides analogous to the RVFV Gc stem region inhibited RVFV infectivity in cell culture by inhibiting the fusion process. Further, we show that infectivity can be inhibited for diverse, unrelated RNA viruses that have Class I (Ebola virus), Class II (Andes virus), or Class III (vesicular stomatitis virus) fusion proteins using this single peptide. Our findings are consistent with an inhibition mechanism similar to that proposed for stem peptide fusion inhibitors of dengue virus in which the RVFV inhibitory peptide first binds to both the virion and cell membranes, allowing it to traffic with the virus into the endocytic pathway. Upon acidification and rearrangement of Gc, the peptide is then able to specifically bind to Gc and prevent fusion of the viral and endocytic membranes, thus inhibiting viral infection. These results could provide novel insights into conserved features among the three classes of viral fusion proteins and offer direction for the future development of broadly active fusion inhibitors.
Dyebath Application of Flame Retardants for Flame-Resistant Wool1 (1974)

Tetrabromophthalic anhydride and tetrabromophthalic acid can effectively flameproof a wide range of wool textile materials, e.g., hand-knitting yarn, carpet yarn, and airplane upholstery, when applied during the dyeing step. In addition, the treatment can be utilized on wool-nylon blends as well as all-nylon fabrics. Fabrics treated with these reagents, when heated, do not turn brown so readily as fabrics treated with certain other flame-retarding agents. Treated fabrics retain normal softness, are not irritating to the skin, and retain flame resistance after dry cleaning and gentle washing.
The superfluid Stirling refrigerator, a new method for cooling below 0. 5 K (1993)

A new subkelvin refrigerator, the superfluid Stirling cycle refrigerator, uses a working fluid of [sup 3]He-[sup 4]He mixture in a Stirling cycle. The thermodynamically active components of the mixture are the [sup 3]He, which behaves like a Boltzman gas, and the phonon-roton gas in the [sup 4]He. The superfluid component of the liquid is inert. Two refrigerators have been built and temperatures of 340 mK have been achieved.
Contourlet appearance model for facial age estimation (2011)

In this paper we propose a novel Contourlet Appearance Model (CAM) that is more accurate and faster at localizing facial landmarks than Active Appearance Models (AAMs). Our CAM also has the ability to not only extract holistic texture information, as AAMs do, but can also extract local texture information using the Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT). We demonstrate the efficiency of our method by applying it to the problem of facial age estimation. Compared to previously published age estimation techniques, our approach yields more accurate results when tested on various face aging databases.
The effect of Hb F and α‐thalassemia on the red cell indices in sickle cell anemia (1986)

Abstract This study examines the effect of different levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and the presence or absence of genes for α‐thalassemia on the red cell indices and degree of anemia among 102 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease (S/S) between the ages of 15 and 62 years. Patients were divided into those with an average Hb F of < 10 gm/L („low”︁ Hb F group) and those with > 10 gm/L („high”︁ Hb F group). α‐Thalassemia was assessed by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA by the Southern blotting technique. Homozygosity for the β s gene was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA using the enzyme Mst II. There were 51 patients with four α‐globin genes, 28 of whom had „high”︁ and 23 „low”︁ Hb F levels. Fifty‐one patients had α‐thalassemia, 38 of whom were heterozygous and 13 homozygous for the 3. 7 kb α‐thalassemia deletion. Nine had „high”︁ and 31 had „low”︁ Hb F. Irrespective of α‐globin genotype, patients in the high Hb F group had a higher mean Hb, Hct, MCV, and MCH than those in the low HB F group. In patients without α‐thalassemia Hb F was positively correlated with MCV and MCH (p < 0.001), patients with high Hb F levels having macrocytosis confirmed by microhematocrit studies. Patients with α‐thalassemia had a lower MCHC than patients with four α‐globin genes and this was not significantly affected by the level of Hb F. The combination of α‐thalassemia and high levels of Hb F appears to result in a distinctive S/S phenotype that is similar to the type of S/S disease described in Southern India.
Exploration of Thermoelectric Oxides by Combinatorial Chemistry (2003)

It has been reported that single crystals of CoO2-based oxides with layered structures show good p-type thermoelectric properties. In order to realize thermoelectric power generation, n-type oxides possessing thermoelectric properties as good as CoO2-based oxides are indispensable. We are exploring new n-type oxides using a combinatorial technique, in which 1000 samples can be prepared and evaluated their thermoelectric properties a day. Aqueous solutions of metal nitrates were used as starting materials. In an hour, a single library of 100 samples can be prepared on a 100 × 100 mm alumina plate for heat treatment. Evaluation of Seebeck coefficient was performed using a "Seebeck tester" at a rate of 600 samples/h. In the binary system, the Nd-Ni-O libraries are found out to show n-type thermoelectric properties.
Reliability-Based Incremental Redundancy With Convolutional Codes (2005)

Incremental redundancy, or Hybrid type-II ARQ (HARQ), algorithms use a combination of forward error correction and retransmissions to guarantee reliable packet data communications. In this work, we propose a HARQ algorithm that exploits received packet reliability to improve system performance. Specifically, the receiver uses the average magnitude of the log-likelihood ratios of the information bits as the packet reliability metric, which is then used to determine the sizes of subsequent retransmissions. The proposed retransmission strategy attempts to maximize user throughput while satisfying a maximum packet delay constraint. The performance of our reliability-based HARQ algorithm is evaluated in static and time-varying channels through simulations. Furthermore, analytical results on the relationship between the reliability metric, the code rate and the block error rate are presented.
Formation of empty B19 parvovirus capsids by the truncated minor capsid protein (1994)

We previously reported that empty capsids of B19 parvovirus were formed by the major capsid protein (VP2) alone expressed in a baculovirus system, but the minor capsid protein (VP1), longer by 227 amino acids, alone did not form empty capsids. We report here further investigations of the constraints on capsid formation by truncated versions of VP1. Studies were performed with recombinant baculoviruses expressed in Sf9 cells. Severely shortened VP1, extended beyond the VP2 core sequence by about 70 amino acids of the unique region, formed capsids normal in appearance; longer versions of VP1 also formed capsids but did so progressively less efficiently and produced capsids of more markedly dysmorphic appearance as the VP1-unique region was lengthened.
An MLEM method for joint tissue activity distribution and photon attenuation map reconstruction in PET (2013)

A Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) method is proposed for joint tissue activity distribution and photon attenuation map reconstruction from Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data. It is based on a new set of latent random variables, similar to the ones used by Lange and Carson for CT [JCAT, 1984]. It results in a separable likelihood function, which simplifies maximization. The proposed method is consistent with the methods of Krol et al. for SPECT [TMI, 2001] and Shepp and Vardi for PET [TMI, 1982].
Antibody‐mediated immunity induced by engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> OMVs carrying heterologous antigens in their lumen (2014)

The efficiency of antigen delivery to the vesicular lumen via periplasmic expression, and the surprisingly high immunogenicity and protective activity of OMVs carrying internalized recombinant antigens further strengthens the potential of OMVs as vaccine platform.
Self-coherent phase reference sharing for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (2017)

We develop a comprehensive framework to model and optimize the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) with a local local oscillator (LLO), when phase reference sharing and QKD are jointly implemented. We first analyze the limitations of the only existing approach, called LLO-sequential, and show that it requires high modulation dynamics and can only tolerate small phase noise. Our main contribution is to introduce two designs to perform LLO CV-QKD, respectively called LLO-delayline and LLO-displacement, and to study their performance. Both designs rely on a self-coherent approach, in which phase reference information and quantum information are coherently obtained from a single optical wavefront. We show that these designs can lift some limitations of the existing LLO-sequential approach. The LLO-delayline design can in particular tolerate much stronger phase noise and thus appears to be an appealing alternative to LLO-sequential in terms of network integrability. We also investigate, with the LLO-displacement design, how phase reference information and quantum information can be multiplexed within a single optical pulse. By studying the trade-off between phase reference recovery and phase noise induced by displacement, we, however, demonstrate that this design can only tolerate low phase noise. On the other hand, the LLO-displacement design has the advantage of minimal hardware requirements and provides a simple approach to multiplex classical and quantum communications, opening a practical path towards the development of ubiquitous coherent classical-quantum communications systems compatible with next-generation network requirements.
High-efficiency nebulizer for argon inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (1994)

A new pneumatically driven, high-efficiency nebulizer (HEN) is explored for argon inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Ar ICP-MS) for elemental analysis of aqueous samples. The new nebulizer operates at very low solution uptake rates (10–100 µl min–1). Analytical performance indices for nebulization with the HEN are presented for three Ar ICP-MS systems in terms of detection limits, precision, ratio of doubly charged-to-singly charged ion, oxide ion-to-analyte ion ratio and ion kinetic energies. These characteristics also are compared with those of typical conventional pneumatic nebulizers (PN) that function at higher solution uptake rates (1–2 ml min–1). Detection limits (ppt) similar to those realized by conventional PNs are obtained for aqueous solution introduction. In general, short-term and long-term precision of the HEN for Ar ICP-MS are better than the results for the conventional PNs.
<title>Steganalysis based on JPEG compatibility</title> (2001)

In this paper, we introduce a new forensic tool that can reliably detect modifications in digital images, such as distortion due to steganography and watermarking, in images that were originally stored in the JPEG format. The JPEG compression leaves unique fingerprints and serves as a “fragile watermark ” enabling us to detect changes as small as modifying the LSB of one randomly chosen pixel. The detection of changes is based on investigating the compatibility of 8×8 blocks of pixels with JPEG compression with a given quantization matrix. The proposed steganalytic method is applicable to virtually all steganographic and watermarking algorithms with the exception of those that embed message bits into the quantized JPEG DCT coefficients. The method can also be used to estimate the size of the secret message and identify the pixels that carry message bits. As a consequence of our steganalysis, we strongly recommend avoiding using images that have been originally stored in the JPEG format as cover-images for spatial-domain steganography.