gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basics of RF electronics (2011)

RF electronics deals with the generation, acquisition and manipulation of high-frequency signals. In particle accelerators signals of this kind are abundant, especially in the RF and beam diagnostics systems. In modern machines the complexity of the electronics assemblies dedicated to RF manipulation, beam diagnostics, and feedbacks is continuously increasing, following the demands for improvement of accelerator performance. However, these systems, and in particular their front-ends and back-ends, still rely on well-established basic hardware components and techniques, while down-converted and acquired signals are digitally processed exploiting the rapidly growing computational capability offered by the available technology. This lecture reviews the operational principles of the basic building blocks used for the treatment of high-frequency signals. Devices such as mixers, phase and amplitude detectors, modulators, filters, switches, directional couplers, oscillators, amplifiers, attenuators, and others are described in terms of equivalent circuits, scattering matrices, transfer functions; typical performance of commercially available models is presented. Owing to the breadth of the subject, this review is necessarily synthetic and non-exhaustive. Readers interested in the architecture of complete systems making use of the described components and devoted to generation and manipulation of the signals driving RF power plants and cavities may refer to the CAS lectures on Low-Level RF.
Efficacy of Combined Therapy with Amantadine, Oseltamivir, and Ribavirin In Vivo against Susceptible and Amantadine-Resistant Influenza A Viruses (2012)

The limited efficacy of existing antiviral therapies for influenza--coupled with widespread baseline antiviral resistance--highlights the urgent need for more effective therapy. We describe a triple combination antiviral drug (TCAD) regimen composed of amantadine, oseltamivir, and ribavirin that is highly efficacious at reducing mortality and weight loss in mouse models of influenza infection. TCAD therapy was superior to dual and single drug regimens in mice infected with drug-susceptible, low pathogenic A/H5N1 (A/Duck/MN/1525/81) and amantadine-resistant 2009 A/H1N1 influenza (A/California/04/09). Treatment with TCAD afforded >90% survival in mice infected with both viruses, whereas treatment with dual and single drug regimens resulted in 0% to 60% survival. Importantly, amantadine had no activity as monotherapy against the amantadine-resistant virus, but demonstrated dose-dependent protection in combination with oseltamivir and ribavirin, indicative that amantadine's activity had been restored in the context of TCAD therapy. Furthermore, TCAD therapy provided survival benefit when treatment was delayed until 72 hours post-infection, whereas oseltamivir monotherapy was not protective after 24 hours post-infection. These findings demonstrate in vivo efficacy of TCAD therapy and confirm previous reports of the synergy and broad spectrum activity of TCAD therapy against susceptible and resistant influenza strains in vitro.
DREM: ARCHITECTURAL SUPPORT FOR DETERMINISTIC REDUNDANT EXECUTION OF MULTITHREADED PROGRAMS (2009)

Recently there have been several proposals to use redundant execution of diverse replicas to defend against attempts to exploit memory corruption vulnerabilities. However, redundant execution relies on the premise that the replicas behave deterministically, so that if inputs are replicated to both replicas, any divergences in their outputs can only be the result of an attack. Unfortunately, this assumption does not hold for multithreaded programs, which are becoming increasingly prevalent -- the non-deterministic interleaving of threads can also cause divergences in the replicas. This thesis presents a method to eliminate concurrency related non-determinism between replicas. We introduce changes to the existing cache coherence hardware used in multicores to support deterministic redundant execution. We demonstrate that our solution requires moderate hardware changes and shows modest overhead in scientific applications.
Intermittent and continuous automatic train protection (2010)

This paper has been produced as part of the course material for the Railway Signalling and Control Systems Professional Development Course provided by the Institution of Engineering and Technology in June 2010. The paper provides an overview of the basic principles of train protection and cab signalling for mainline railways and explains how these principles have been applied to the ERTMS/ETCS train control system.
Topographic movie of intracranial ictal high-frequency oscillations with seizure semiology: Epileptic network in Jacksonian seizures (2010)

This combined movie showed the ictal HFO propagation corresponding to the ictal semiology in Jacksonian seizures and revealed the epileptic network involved in seizure initiation and progression. This method may advance understanding of neural network activities relating to clinical seizure generation and propagation.
Is it cubic? Ice crystallization from deeply supercooled water (2011)

Ice crystallized below 200 K has the diffraction pattern of a faulty cubic ice, and not of the most stable hexagonal ice polymorph. The origin and structure of this faulty cubic ice, presumed to form in the atmosphere, has long been a puzzle. Here we use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations with the mW water model to investigate the crystallization of water at 180 K and elucidate the development of cubic and hexagonal features in ice as it nucleates, grows and consolidates into crystallites with characteristic dimensions of a few nanometres. The simulations indicate that the ice crystallized at 180 K contains layers of cubic ice and hexagonal ice in a ratio of approximately 2 to 1. The stacks of hexagonal ice are very short, mostly one and two layers, and their frequency does not seem to follow a regular pattern. In spite of the high fraction of hexagonal layers, the diffraction pattern of the crystals is, as in the experiments, almost identical to that of cubic ice. Stacking of cubic and hexagonal layers is observed for ice nuclei with as little as 200 water molecules, but a preference for cubic ice is already well developed in ice nuclei one order of magnitude smaller: the critical ice nuclei at 180 K contain approximately ten water molecules in their core and are already rich in cubic ice. The energies of the cubic-rich and hexagonal-rich nuclei are indistinguishable, suggesting that the enrichment in cubic ice does not have a thermodynamic origin.
Effect of Alkaline Catalysts on Hydrothermal Conversion of Glycerin into Lactic Acid (2009)

Hydrothermal treatment of glycerin was carried out at 300 °C by using eight alkaline catalysts, including hydroxides of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, and aluminum. All alkaline catalysts promoted the formation of lactic acid or lactate salts from glycerin, except for Al(OH)3. The alkali-metal hydroxides were more effective than alkaline-earth-metal hydroxides on the catalysis of hydrothermal reactions. On the hydrothermal conversion of glycerin into lactic acid, the catalytic effectiveness followed the sequence of KOH > NaOH > LiOH for alkali-metal hydroxides, and Ba(OH)2 > Sr(OH)2 > Ca(OH)2 > Mg(OH)2 for alkaline-earth hydroxides. An excellent lactic acid yield of 90% was attained on hydrothermal conversion of glycerin at 300 °C with KOH or NaOH as a catalyst. KOH was superior to NaOH as a catalyst since it worked at a lower concentration or within a shorter reaction time to obtain the same lactic acid yield. The hydrothermal conversion of glycerin depended not only on the hydroxide ion concentration but also on the metal ions of catalysts.
India: In the Legal Arena, 1889–1922 (2008)

Every British magistrate in India is in a false position when he has to try a case in which European and native interests clash. In theory he is administering an impartial system of justice; in practice he is part of a huge machine which exists to protect British interests, and he has often got to choose between sacrificing his integrity and damaging his career. … Nevertheless, owing to the exceptionally high traditions of the Indian Civil Service, the law in India is administered far more fairly than might be expected.George Orwell, 1938
Identification of Novel Phosphorylation Sites on Xenopus laevis Aurora A and Analysis of Phosphopeptide Enrichment by Immobilized Metal-affinity Chromatography (2003)

Mass spectrometric analysis of proteolytically derived phosphopeptides has developed into a widespread technique for the identification of phosphorylated amino acids. Using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, 14 phosphorylation sites were identified on Xenopus laevis His6-Aurora A, a highly conserved regulator of centrosome maturation and cell division. These included seven novel phosphorylation sites, Ser-12, Thr-21, Thr-103, Ser-116, Thr-122, Tyr-155, and Thr-294, as well as the previously identified regulatory sites, Ser-53, Thr-295, and Ser-349. The identification of these novel phosphorylation sites will be important for future studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of Aurora A regulation by phosphorylation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a "kinase-inactive" mutant of Aurora A, K169R, still retains 10% of activity of the wild-type enzyme in vitro along with occupancy of Thr-295 and Ser-12. However, mutation of Asp-281 to Ala completely abolishes activity of the enzyme and should therefore be used preferentially as a genuine kinase-dead construct. Because of the abundance of phosphorylated residues on His6-Aurora A, we found this protein to be an ideal tool for the characterization of immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) as a method for phosphopeptide enrichment from complex mixtures. We present a detailed analysis of the binding and elution properties of both the phosphopeptides and unphosphorylated peptides of His6-Aurora A to Fe3+-IMAC before and after methyl esterification. Moreover, we demonstrate a significant difference in enrichment of phosphopeptides when different resins are used for Fe3+-IMAC and characterize the strengths and limitations of this methodology for the study of phosphoproteomics.
Delta-spectral cepstral coefficients for robust speech recognition (2011)

Almost all current automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems conventionally append delta and double-delta cepstral features to static cepstral features. In this work we describe a modified feature-extraction procedure in which the time-difference operation is performed in the spectral domain, rather than the cepstral domain as is generally presently done. We argue that this approach based on "delta-spectral" features is needed because even though delta-cepstral features capture dynamic speech information and generally greatly improve ASR recognition accuracy, they are not robust to noise and reverberation. We support the validity of the delta-spectral approach both with observations about the modulation spectrum of speech and noise, and with objective experiments that document the benefit that the delta-spectral approach brings to a variety of currently popular feature extraction algorithms. We found that the use of delta-spectral features, rather than the more traditional delta-cepstral features, improves the effective SNR by between 5 and 8 dB for background music and white noise, and recognition accuracy in reverberant environments is improved as well.
Spatial and temporal activation of brain regions in hibernation: <i>c‐fos</i> expression during the hibernation bout in thirteen‐lined ground squirrel (2007)

Hibernation results in dramatic changes in body temperature and metabolism; however, the central nervous system remains active during deep torpor. By cloning c-fos cDNA from the 13-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) and using squirrel c-fos mRNA probe for in situ hybridization histochemistry, we systematically analyzed and identified specific brain regions that were activated during six different phases of the hibernation bout. During entrance into torpor, we detected activation of the ventrolateral subdivision of the medial preoptic area ('thermoregulatory center'), and the reticular thalamic nucleus, which is known to inhibit the somatomotor cortex. During torpor, c-fos expression in the cortex was suppressed while the reticular thalamic nucleus remained uniformly active. Throughout torpor the suprachiasmatic nucleus ('biological clock') showed increasing activity, likely participating in phase-change regulation of the hibernation bout. Interestingly, during torpor very strong c-fos activation was seen in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and in tanycytes at the third ventricle, both peaking near the beginning of arousal. In arousal, activity of the suprachiasmatic and reticular thalamic nuclei and choroid epithelial cells diminished, while ependymal cells in the lateral and fourth ventricles showed stronger activity. Increasing body temperature during arousal was driven by the activation of neurons in the medial part of the preoptic area. In interbout awake animals, we demonstrated the activation of hypothalamic neurons located in the arcuate nucleus and the dorsolateral hypothalamus, areas involved in food intake. Our observations indicate that the hibernation bout is closely regulated and orchestrated by specific regions of the central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:443-458, 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Transcription Inhibition of Heat Shock Proteins: A Strategy for Combination of 17-Allylamino-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin and Actinomycin D (2009)

The heat shock protein (HSP) 90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is currently in clinical trials because of its unique mechanism of action and antitumor activity. However, 17-AAG triggers the transcription and elevation of antiapoptotic HSP90, HSP70, and HSP27, which lead to chemoresistance in tumor cells. We hypothesized that inhibiting HSP90, HSP70, and HSP27 transcription may enhance 17-AAG-induced cell death in multiple myeloma cell lines. Actinomycin D (Act D), a clinically used agent and transcription inhibitor, was combined with 17-AAG. The concentrations for 17-AAG and Act D were selected based on the target actions and plasma levels during therapy. Inducible and constitutive HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 mRNA and protein levels were measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and immunoblot assays. Compared with no treatment, Act D alone decreased HSP mRNA levels in MM.1S and RPMI-8226 cell lines. Combining Act D with 17-AAG did not attenuate 17-AAG-mediated increases in transcript levels of inducible HSP70; however, constitutive HSP mRNA levels were decreased. In contrast to its effect on mRNA levels, Act D was able to abrogate 17-AAG-mediated increases in all HSP protein levels. The cytotoxicity of combined Act D and 17-AAG was assessed. Treatment with Act D alone caused <40% cell death, whereas the combination of 17-AAG and Act D resulted in an increase of cell death in both multiple myeloma cell lines. In conclusion, these results indicate that 17-AAG-mediated induction of HSP70 and HSP27 expression can be attenuated by Act D and therefore can potentially improve the clinical treatment of multiple myeloma.
Flurbiprofen 8.75 mg Lozenges for Treating Sore Throat Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2016)

Multiple doses of flurbiprofen lozenges provide effective relief of sore throat pain intensity as well as difficulty swallowing and swollen throat.
Functions of polyamine acetylation (1987)

Acetylation is a means to decrease the net positive charge of the polyamines and thus liberate polyamines from anionic binding sites. The acetyl derivatives can be removed from the cells by transport and catabolism. Intracellular polyamine metabolism can be formulated as a cyclic process, which explains the transformation of one polyamine into another. As a net result, this pathway metabolizes (in an energy-requiring manner) methionine to 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine and beta-alanine, and thus appears to be futile. It is suggested that the cyclic process is necessary for the precise control of cellular polyamine concentrations, as it allows relatively rapid spermine and spermidine concentration changes, in spite of a slow basal turnover rate. For the regulation of cellular polyamine metabolism, two decarboxylases, L-ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase; the cytosolic acetyl-CoA:spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase; and a polyamine transport system are required. The activity of the nuclear acetyltransferase is assumed to be the rate-limiting enzyme of nuclear polyamine turnover. The complexity and high level of sophistication of polyamine regulation is strong evidence for the important functional significance of the natural polyamines.
<title>Rate control for MPEG video coding</title> (1995)

ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Test Model 5 (TM5) describes a rate control method which consists of three steps: bit allocation, rate control and modulation. There are basically two problems with the TM5 rate control. First, the quantization parameter for a macroblock is fully dependent upon the channel buffer fullness. Hence, macroblocks in a picture may not all be treated equally because of variations in buffer fullness, which may result in nonuniform picture quality. Secondly, the TM5 rate control does not handle scene changes properly because the target bit rate for a picture is determined based only on the information obtained from encoding of the pervious pictures. This paper presents a rate control approach which addressed these two problems associated with the TM5 rate control. A single quantization parameter is used for each picture, which guarantees that all the macroblocks in a picture are treated equally. To address the impact of scene changes on picture quality, we propose to code the first scheduled P picture after scene change as an I picture and the I picture in the following group of picture as a P picture. The simulation results demonstrate that a significant improvement is obtained using the proposed rate control.
Targeting the Delivery of Glycan-Based Paclitaxel Prodrugs to Cancer Cells via Glucose Transporters (2008)

This report describes the synthesis of four novel paclitaxel based prodrugs with glycan conjugation (1-4). Glycans were conjugated using an ester or ether bond as the linker between 2'-paclitaxel and the 2'-glucose or glucuronic acid moiety. These prodrugs showed good water solubility and selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, but showed reduced toxicity toward normal cell lines and cancer cell lines with low expression levels of GLUTs. The ester conjugated prodrug 1 showed the most cytotoxicity among the prodrugs examined and could be transported into cells via GLUTs. Fluorescent and confocal microscopy demonstrated that targeted cells exhibited morphological changes in tubulin and chromosomal alterations that were similar to those observed with paclitaxel treatment. Therefore, these glycan-based prodrugs may be good drug candidates for cancer therapy, and the glycan conjugation approach is an alternative method to enhance the targeted delivery of other drugs to cancer cells that overexpress GLUTs.
O trabalho da memória: entre a história e o testemunho (2023)

O propósito deste trabalho é partir de estudos sobre a fisiologia da memória para chegar à literatura. Em um primeiro momento, esta área de pesquisa nos auxilia a entender os modos de funcionamento da memória, bem como suas formas de armazenar informações. O contraponto será feito, inicialmente, com o conhecimento dos gregos e dos romanos sobre a arte da memória e com a concepção de Benjamin sobre a história aberta. Finalmente, os limites entre história e ficção serão problematizados a partir da literatura de testemunho.
A late fusion approach for harnessing multi-cnn model high-level features (2017)

The high-level feature representation of deep convo-lutional neural networks (ConvNets) has proven to be superior to hand-crafted low-level features. Thus, this study investigates the effect of fusing such high-level features from multi-deep ConvNets under an application of visual object/scene categorization. In which, three pre-trained ConvNets are exploited as feature extractors, a single hidden layer is adopted to transform the highlevel representations to a low dimensional feature space and that are fused to harness the rich cues of the individual features. The experimental outcomes on six benchmark databases demonstrate that regardless of variation in visual statistics and tasks the fusion of multi-ConvNets' high-level features can meliorate the classification accuracy compared with a single modality, different ConvNets contain complementary cues of visual contents, and the fusion is capable of producing a very competitive performance to the state-of-the-art methods. Besides that, this fusion approach can be an effective complement to the ConvNets.
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial<subtitle>Twenty-Four–Month Update</subtitle> (2000)

Analysis of visual acuity data from patients enrolled in the IONDT at 24 months of follow-up confirms that there is no benefit of ONDS compared with careful follow-up in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:793-798
Hohlraum-Driven Mid-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>SiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>) Double-Shell Implosions on the Omega Laser Facility and Their Scaling to NIF (2009)

High-convergence, hohlraum-driven implosions of double-shell capsules using mid-Z (SiO2) inner shells have been performed on the OMEGA laser facility [T. R. Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. These experiments provide an essential extension of the results of previous low-Z (CH) double-shell implosions [P. A. Amendt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 065004 (2005)] to materials of higher density and atomic number. Analytic modeling, supported by highly resolved 2D numerical simulations, is used to account for the yield degradation due to interfacial atomic mixing. This extended experimental database from OMEGA enables a validation of the mix model, and provides a means for quantitatively assessing the prospects for high-Z double-shell implosions on the National Ignition Facility [Paisner, Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)].