gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1999)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is being used to determine the concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses of different size. These subclasses have unequal associations with coronary heart disease. Nuclear magnetic resonance distinguishes among the subclasses on the basis of slight differences in the spectral properties of the lipids carried within the particles, which vary according to the diameter of the phospholipid shell. Studies using NMR spectroscopy have shown that individuals with elevated triglycerides are likely to have higher-risk lipoprotein subclass profiles. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins drive the metabolic reactions that produce LDL of abnormal size and cholesterol content. The quantities of these abnormal LDL particles and the associated risk of coronary heart disease are underestimated by conventional cholesterol measurements. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures lipoprotein subclasses directly and efficiently, and produces information that may improve the assessment and management of cardiovascular disease risk.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of piperidine derivatives with various heterocyclic rings at the 4-position. (1985)

A series of piperidine derivatives with various heterocyclic rings at the 4-position was prepared and tested for antihypertensive activity and other biological activities. The antihypertensive effects of the present compounds in the spontaneous hypertensive rat were less potent than those of previously reported compounds. However, among the compounds tested for antiulcer activity and antiinflammatory activity, some exhibited interesting properties.
Preparation of Chloroacetaldehyde Cyclic Trimer and Its Depolymerization (1992)

Abstract Chlorination of paraldehyde gave chloroacetaldehydes which were treated with concd sulfuric acid to afford cyclic trimer (3) of chloroacetaldehyde (CA). Depolymerization of 3 yielded pure CA satisfactory.
Effect of inlet conditions on the performance of a palladium membrane reactor (2002)

Palladium membrane reactors (PMR) are used to remove tritium and other hydrogen isotopes from impurities such as tritiated methane and tritiated water. This paper investigates the effect of inlet conditions on the performance of a PMR. A set of experiments were run to determine, independently, the effect of inlet compositions and residence time on performance. Also, the experiments were designed to determine if the injected form of hydrogen (CH/sub 4/ or H/sub 2/O) effects performance. Results show that the PMR operates at optimal hydrogen recovery with a broad range of inlet compositions and performance is shown to increase with increased residence time. PMR performance is shown to be independent of whether hydrogen is injected in the form of CH/sub 4/ or H/sub 2/O.
Reconfigurable optical null based on counter-rotating Zernike plates for test of aspheres (2014)

In off-axis subapertures of most aspheres, astigmatism and coma dominate the aberrations with approximately quadratic and linear increase as the off-axis distance increases. A pair of counter-rotating Zernike plates is proposed to generate variable amount of Zernike terms Z4 and Z6, correcting most of the astigmatism and coma for subapertures located at different positions on surfaces of various aspheric shapes. The residual subaperture aberrations are then reduced within the vertical dynamic range of measurement of the interferometer. The plates are fabricated with computer generated holograms and the experimental results show the variable aberration correction effect without ghost fringes. The same plates are reconfigurable by counter-rotating to enable near-null test of various aspheres flexibly.
Production of Motor Fuel Grade Alcohol by Concentration Swing Adsorption (1992)

Abstract A new cyclic process concept called “concentration swing adsorption” for separation of bulk binary liquid mixtures is described. The process carries out the primary separation by selective liquid-phase adsorption of one of the components of the feed mixture on an adsorbent. The adsorbed component is then desorbed by a desorbent liquid which is equally or more strongly adsorbed than the slectively adsorbed component of the feed mixture. The desorbent liquid is removed from the adsorbent by displacing it with the less strongly adsorbed component of the feed mixture so that the adsorbent can be resused. The process also includes a complementary step where the adsorbent is rinsed with the more strongly adsorbed component of the feed mixture so that two essentially pure products are produced from the feed mixture with high recoveries of both components. At least one simple distillation is also required by the process which separates the desorbent liquid from the less strongly adsorbed component of the feed mixture. The process can be used to separate liquid mixtures with close boiling components or azeotropic mixtures which require energy intensive distillation. A very efficient separation can be achieved in these cases by spending only a fraction of the distillation energy. An example of such an application, viz., separation of a bulk ethanol–water mixture for motor fuel grade alcohol production, is described. A local equilibrium model of the process is used to evaluate the performance of the process for that separation using an activated carbon as the adsorbent and acetone as the desorbent liquid. Experimentally measured equilibrium adsorption characteristics for ethanol–water, acetone–water, and acetone–ethanol binary liquid mixtures on the carbon as well as adsorption column dynamics for the steps of the process are reported.
In situ thermal parameter estimation for HIFU therapy planning and treatment monitoring (2005)

The paper presents a noninvasive method of estimating the bioheat transfer equation (BHTE) parameters (namely, thermal diffusivity, K, and the normalized local heat source, Q) in situ during HIFU therapy. The method analyses the raw acoustic backscatter data using novel signal processing techniques. First, a heat exposure at sub-ablative intensities is performed to determine K, followed by another at therapeutic intensities to obtain Q. In vitro experiments, performed in a tissue-mimicking alginate phantom, demonstrate that the noninvasive estimates of K and Q are in good agreement with those obtained independently using established methods. The results show potential for the applicability of these techniques in therapy planning and monitoring for therapeutic dose optimization using real-time temperature feedback.
The Health Benefits of Modified Citrus Pectin (2006)

Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is a dietary supplement derived from citrus pectin, which has been modified to produce a product of low molecular weight and low esterification. In contrast, extracted, unmodified citrus pectin contains molecules of many varying lengths and is highly esterified. Fragmented pectin of low molecular weight is more readily absorbed into the blood stream. Dietary supplement grade MCP is designed to provide these more absorbable pectins in order to deliver greater health benefits. Although clinical indications and effectiveness of MCP is still being studied, recent research suggests that MCP may have significant health benefits. In vitro, animal studies and human clinical trials have demonstrated applications in the prevention and treatment of cancer in reducing solid tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Recent research also indicates that MCP may play an important therapeutic role as a chelator of heavy metals. The health benefits, including clinical indications, preclinical research, clinical data, dosage and safety of MCP are discussed in this review.
Analysis of a <i>Y</i>-junction semiconductor laser array (1986)

An analysis of a new type of high power semiconductor laser array is presented. The array consists of parallel, uncoupled waveguides linked at Y junctions in one region. We show that for the lowest threshold array mode all the waveguides oscillate in phase and all (except possibly the outermost) have equal amplitudes. The array mode should be stable above threshold and it radiates in a single-lobe far-field pattern if the individual waveguide mode width is comparable to the guide separation.
A change would do you good (2019)

We consider the application of a genetic algorithm (GA) to the problem of hiding information in program executables. In a nutshell, our approach is to re-order instructions in a program in such way that aims to maximize the amount of data that can be embedded while, at the same time, ensuring the functionality of the executable is not altered. In this work, we focus on the problem of identifying a large set of instructions which may be re-ordered, and some initial results on the IA-64 architecture are then presented that illustrate the potential benefit of such an approach.*
New Enzyme Immunoassays for the Serologic Detection of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection (1993)

The woodchuck and the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) have been used as a model of hepatitis B virus infection and its disease sequelas. Serologic responses to WHV infection have been described in previous reports from this laboratory by using virus-specific radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for WHV surface antigen, antibody to WHV core antigen, and antibody to WHsAg. In this study, we developed and evaluated new enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for these WHV serologic markers. Relative to the established RIAs, the EIAs were either improved or comparable in their sensitivity and specificity, and in their utility for monitoring experimental WHV infection and classifying woodchucks into serological diagnostic categories. These EIA systems are amenable to the quantitative titration of antibodies and quantitation of WHV antigens in serum, and ultimately should allow improved resolution of virologic and humoral immune responses of woodchucks to WHV infection.
New Ultrathin-walled Endotracheal Tube with a Novel Laryngeal Seal Design (1996)

The novel, no-pressure seal design of the new ETT is highly effective in preventing air leak and aspiration. It causes no significant tracheal injury.
A Consistency-Specificity Trade-Off to Select Source Behavior in Information Fusion (2014)

Combining pieces of information provided by several sources without or with little prior knowledge about the behavior of the sources is an old yet still important and rather open problem in the belief function theory. In this paper, we propose an approach to select the behavior of sources based on a very general and expressive fusion scheme, that has the important advantage of making clear the assumptions made about the sources. The selection process itself relies on two cornerstones that are the notions of specificity and consistency of a knowledge representation, and that we adapt to the considered fusion scheme. We illustrate our proposal on different examples and show that the proposed approach actually encompasses some important existing fusion strategies.
Convenient and Efficient Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Catalyzed by a Palladium/Diazabutadiene System (2001)

[structure: see text]. A Pd(OAc)2/diazabutadiene system has been developed for the catalytic cross-coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids. A combination of the diazabutadiene DAB-Cy (1, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-1,4-dizabutadiene) and Pd(OAc)2 was found to form an excellent catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of various aryl bromides and activated aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids.
Direct Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Corresponding Aldehydes Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes (2001)

Abstract A variety of carboxylic acids can be directly hydrogenated into the corresponding aldehydes in high yields by using homogeneous catalysts such as [Pd(PPh3)4] or combination of Pd(OAc)2 with tertiary phosphines in the presence of an excess amount of 2,2-dimethylpropionic anhydride (pivalic anhydride). As a typical example, octanoic acid can be converted into octanal in 99% yield in 3 h at 80 °C under 3.0 MPa of H2 in acetone in the presence of pivalic anhydride and a catalyst system composed of Pd(OAc)2 + 5P(p-tol)3. Such hydrogenation is widely applicable to various aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic carboxylic acids as well as to di- and tribasic carboxylic acids. The process allows the presence of other functional groups such as ketonic carbonyl, nitrile, and ester groups and even internal C=C bonds. Heterogeneous palladium catalyst such as palladium on carbon also showed some catalytic activities.
Full-Field Swept Source Master-Slave Optical Coherence Tomography (2015)

We apply the principle of master-slave (MS) interferometry to a full-field swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) setup equipped with a fast 2-D camera. MS interferometry does not involve Fourier transformations and, therefore, eliminates the need for spectrum data resampling required by the conventional spectral domain OCT. Using this method in a full-field OCT setup, en face images are acquired in vivo from finger skin, Drosophila melanogaster larvae, and pupae, with no spectrum resampling and no mechanical scanning. The signal processing is based on a comparison operation of the shapes of channeled spectra for each camera pixel, with a set of reference signals (masks). In this way, en face OCT images can be obtained with no need for the volumetric assembly and software cutting the en face images from an image volume, which are required by the conventional spectral domain OCT method. We demonstrate that the sensitivity and axial resolution of the MS method in a full-field swept source OCT setup are similar to the values obtained using the conventional Fourier-transformation-based swept source OCT method in a full-field setup. Multiple en face images can be produced in parallel by using multiple stored shapes of channeled spectra for the depths of interest. The full-field MS-OCT method presented here opens the possibility of parallel processing for all image points in a 3-D volume of the object.
A humanized knockin mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and its correction by CRISPR-Cas9 therapeutic gene editing (2022)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the X-linked dystrophin (<i>DMD</i>) gene. Exon deletions flanking exon 51, which disrupt the dystrophin open reading frame (ORF), represent one of the most common types of human DMD mutations. Previously, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) gene editing to restore the reading frame of exon 51 in mice and dogs with exon 50 deletions. Due to genomic sequence variations between species, the single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) used for DMD gene editing are often not conserved, impeding direct clinical translation of CRISPR-Cas therapeutic gene-editing strategies. To circumvent this potential obstacle, we generated a humanized DMD mouse model by replacing mouse exon 51 with human exon 51, followed by deletion of mouse exon 50, which disrupted the dystrophin ORF. Systemic CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing using an sgRNA that targets human exon 51 efficiently restored dystrophin expression and ameliorated pathologic hallmarks of DMD, including histopathology and grip strength in this mouse model. This unique DMD mouse model with the human genomic sequence allows <i>in vivo</i> assessment of clinically relevant gene editing strategies as well as other therapeutic approaches and represents a significant step toward therapeutic translation of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for correction of DMD.
Resolved 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-3H-benz[e]indol-8-amine: central dopamine and serotonin receptor stimulating properties (1989)

The enantiomers of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-3H-benz[e]indol-8- amine (1a) were prepared and tested for their actions on central dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) receptors. The dopaminergic effects were shown to reside in the (1)-R enantiomer. It was shown that compound 1a and its (+)-R enantiomer possess potent central 5-HT1A receptor stimulating properties.
Injectable Silk Foams for Soft Tissue Regeneration (2014)

Soft tissue fillers are needed for restoration of a defect or augmentation of existing tissues. Autografts and lipotransfer have been under study for soft tissue reconstruction but yield inconsistent results, often with considerable resorption of the grafted tissue. A minimally invasive procedure would reduce scarring and recovery time as well as allow the implant and/or grafted tissue to be placed closer to existing vasculature. Here, the feasibility of an injectable silk foam for soft tissue regeneration is demonstrated. Adipose-derived stem cells survive and migrate through the foam over a 10-d period in vitro. The silk foams are also successfully injected into the subcutaneous space in a rat and over a 3-month period integrating with the surrounding native tissue. The injected foams are palpable and soft to the touch through the skin and returning to their original dimensions after pressure is applied and then released. The foams readily absorb lipoaspirate making the foams useful as a scaffold or template for existing soft tissue filler technologies, useful either as a biomaterial alone or in combination with the lipoaspirate.
Permanent or reversible conjugation of 2′-O- or 5′-O-aminooxymethylated nucleosides with functional groups as a convenient and efficient approach to the modification of RNA and DNA sequences (2011)

2'-O-Aminooxymethyl ribonucleosides are prepared from their 3',5'-disilylated 2'-O-phthalimidooxymethyl derivatives by treatment with NH(4)F in MeOH. The reaction of these novel ribonucleosides with 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde results in the efficient formation of stable and yet reversible ribonucleoside 2'-conjugates in yields of 69-82%. Indeed, exposure of these conjugates to 0.5 M tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in THF results in the cleavage of their iminoether functions to give the native ribonucleosides along with the innocuous nitrile side product. Conversely, the reaction of 5-cholesten-3-one or dansyl chloride with 2'-O-aminooxymethyl uridine provides permanent uridine 2'-conjugates, which are left essentially intact upon treatment with TBAF. Alternatively, 5'-O-aminooxymethyl thymidine is prepared by hydrazinolysis of its 3'-O-levulinyl-5'-O-phthalimidooxymethyl precursor. Pyrenylation of 5'-O-aminooxymethyl thymidine and the sensitivity of the 5'-conjugate to TBAF further exemplify the usefulness of this nucleoside for modifying DNA sequences either permanently or reversibly. Although the versatility and uniqueness of 2'-O-aminooxymethyl ribonucleosides in the preparation of modified RNA sequences is demonstrated by the single or double incorporation of a reversible pyrenylated uridine 2'-conjugate into an RNA sequence, the conjugation of 2'-O-aminooxymethyl ribonucleosides with aldehydes, including those generated from their acetals, provides reversible 2'-O-protected ribonucleosides for potential applications in the solid-phase synthesis of native RNA sequences. The synthesis of a chimeric polyuridylic acid is presented as an exemplary model.
Influence of Connectivity and Porosity on Ligand-Based Luminescence in Zinc Metal−Organic Frameworks (2007)

Applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) require close correlation between their structure and function. We describe the preparation and characterization of two zinc MOFs based on a flexible and emissive linker molecule, stilbene, which retains its luminescence within these solid materials. Reaction of trans-4,4'-stilbene dicarboxylic acid and zinc nitrate in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded a dense 2-D network, 1, featuring zinc in both octahedral and tetrahedral coordination environments connected by trans-stilbene links. Similar reaction in N,N-diethylformamide (DEF) at higher temperatures resulted in a porous, 3-D framework structure, 2. This framework consists of two interpenetrating cubic lattices, each featuring basic zinc carboxylate vertices joined by trans-stilbene, analogous to the isoreticular MOF (IRMOF) series. We demonstrate that the optical properties of both 1 and 2 correlate with the local ligand environments observed in the crystal structures. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements reveal that the stilbene linkers in the dense structure 1 exhibit a small degree of interchromophore coupling. In contrast, the stilbenoid units in 2 display very little interaction in this low-density 3-D framework, with excitation and emission spectra characteristic of monomeric stilbenes, similar to the dicarboxylic acid in dilute solution. In both cases, the rigidity of the stilbene linker increases upon coordination to the inorganic units through inhibition of torsion about the central ethylene bond, resulting in luminescent crystals with increased emission lifetimes compared to solutions of trans-stilbene. The emission spectrum of 2 is found to depend on the nature of the incorporated solvent molecules, suggesting use of this or related materials in sensor applications.
Bridged Bicyclic Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists with V<sub>2</sub>‐Selective or Dual V<sub>1a</sub>/V<sub>2</sub> Activity. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery and Characterization of Novel Nonsubstrate and Substrate NAMPT Inhibitors (2017)

Cancer cells are highly reliant on NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent processes, including glucose metabolism, calcium signaling, DNA repair, and regulation of gene expression. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD<sup>+</sup> salvage from nicotinamide, has been investigated as a target for anticancer therapy. Known NAMPT inhibitors with potent cell activity are composed of a nitrogen-containing aromatic group, which is phosphoribosylated by the enzyme. Here, we identified two novel types of NAM-competitive NAMPT inhibitors, only one of which contains a modifiable, aromatic nitrogen that could be a phosphoribosyl acceptor. Both types of compound effectively deplete cellular NAD<sup>+</sup>, and subsequently ATP, and produce cell death when NAMPT is inhibited in cultured cells for more than 48 hours. Careful characterization of the kinetics of NAMPT inhibition <i>in vivo</i> allowed us to optimize dosing to produce sufficient NAD<sup>+</sup> depletion over time that resulted in efficacy in an HCT116 xenograft model. Our data demonstrate that direct phosphoribosylation of competitive inhibitors by the NAMPT enzyme is not required for potent <i>in vitro</i> cellular activity or <i>in vivo</i> antitumor efficacy. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1236-45. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Inhibition of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice (2023)

<p>MCA doesn't affect while sTNF exclusion decreases frequency of macrophages. Experimental groups were set up as described in Fig. 3 legend. Splenocytes were simultaneously stained with anti-CD45R-FITC and anti-F4/80-PE antibodies, and examined by two-color flow cytometry. (A) Gating strategies: Gate 1, single cells; Gate 2, mononuclear cells; and Gate 3, CD45+ and F4/80+ mononuclear cells showing all individual data. (B) Bar-graph presents CD45-F4/80+ splenic macrophages showing individual and mean (2-3 replicates) + SD percentages of positive cells.</p>