gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A pillar-shaped via structure in a Cu-polyimide multilayer substrate (1990)

A pillar-shaped via structure in a Cu-polyimide multilayer substrate and its novel fabrication process are described. The process requires that a fine rectangular via conductor be formed by pattern electroplating using a thick positive photoresist. In addition, a flat polyimide dielectric is formed only by the photolithographic process using a photosensitive polyimide precursor. The resulting pillar-shaped via conductor is 30- mu m square and 25- mu m thick per layer. The area occupied by this via conductor is 25% smaller than that occupied by a conventional via not filled with copper conductor. Its signal line density is twice as high, and the thermal resistance is about 50% less than that of a conventional via. This structure is suitable for high-speed signal transmission in a Cu-polyimide multilayer substrate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tunable recombinant protein expression in E. coli: enabler for continuous processing? (2016)

Tuning of transcription is a powerful process technological tool for efficient recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. Many challenges such as product toxicity, formation of inclusion bodies, cell death, and metabolic burden are associated with non-suitable (too high or too low) levels of recombinant protein expression. Tunable expression systems allow adjusting the recombinant protein expression using process technological means. This enables to exploit the cell's metabolic capacities to a maximum. Within this article, we review genetic and process technological aspects of tunable expression systems in E. coli, providing a roadmap for the industrial exploitation of the reviewed technologies. We attempt to differentiate the term "expression tuning" from its inflationary use by providing a concise definition and highlight interesting fields of application for this versatile new technology. Dependent on the type of inducer (metabolizable or non-metabolizable), different process strategies are required in order to achieve tuning. To fully profit from the benefits of tunable systems, an independent control of growth rate and expression rate is indispensable. Being able to tackle problems such as long-term culture stability and constant product quality expression tuning is a promising enabler for continuous processing in biopharmaceutical production.
<title>Camera evidence: visibility analysis through a multicamera viewpoint</title> (1992)

A major criterion in the design of backhoes (and other heavy machinery) is the ability of the operator to see all critical portions of the vehicle and the surrounding environment. Computer graphics provides a method for analyzing this ability prior to the building of full-scale wooden models. By placing the computer graphic camera at the operator's eyepoint, designers can detect poor placement of supports, blind spots, etc. In this type of analysis, the camera becomes an active, yet somewhat imperfect, participant in our understanding of what an operator of the backhoe 'sees'. In order to simulate a backhoe operator's vision from within a cab, one needs to expand the angle of view of the camera to mimic unfocused, peripheral vision. A traditional wide-angle lens creates extreme distortions that are not present in 'natural' vision, and is therefore hardly an adequate representation. The solution we arrived at uses seven cameras fanned out horizontally in order to capture a relatively undistorted 155 degree angle of view. In addition, another camera displays and numerically analyzes the percentage of the loader bucket visible and blocked. These two views are presented simultaneously in order to address both the 'naturalistic' and quantitative needs of the designers, as well as to point to the incompleteness of any one representation of a scene. In the next phase of this project we will bring this type of analysis into a machine environment more conducive to interactivity: a backhoe simulator with levers to control the vehicle and bucket positions, viewed through a virtual reality environment.
Percutaneous or surgical tracheostomy (1999)

Percutaneous tracheostomy is associated with a higher prevalence of perioperative complications and, especially, perioperative deaths and cardiorespiratory arrests. Postoperative complication rates are higher with surgical tracheostomy.
Multiple neutral loss monitoring (MNM): A multiplexed method for post-translational modification screening (2006)

Post-translational modifications of proteins are involved in determining the activity of proteins and are essential for proper protein function. Current mass spectrometric strategies require one to specify a particular type of modification, in some cases also a particular charge state of a protein or peptide that is to be studied before the actual analysis. Due to these requirements, most of the modifications on proteins are not considered in such an experiment and, thus, a series of similar analyses need to be performed to ensure a more extensive characterization. A novel scan strategy has been developed, multiple neutral loss monitoring (MNM), allowing for the comprehensive screening of post-translational modifications (PTM) on proteins that fragment as neutral losses in a mass spectrometer. MNM method parameters were determined by performing product ion scans on a number of modified peptides over a range of collision energies, providing neutral loss energy profiles and optimal collision energies (OCE) for each modification, supplying valuable information pertaining to the fragmentation of these modifications and the necessary parameters that would be required to obtain the best analysis. As the optimal collision energy was highly dependent on the type of modification and the charge state of the peptide, the MNM scan was operated with a collision energy gradient. Autocorrelation analyses identified the type of modification, and convolution mapping analyses identified the associated peptide. The MNM scan with the new collision energy parameters was successfully applied to a mixture of four modified peptides in a BSA digest. The implementation of this technique will allow for comprehensive screening of all modifications that fragment as neutral losses.
Deformability‐based flow cytometry (2004)

Preliminary work suggests a deformability-based cell sorter similar to current fluorescence-based flow cytometry without the need for specific labeling. This could be used for the diagnosis of all diseases, and the investigation of all cellular processes, that affect the cytoskeleton.
Grape Seed-Derived Procyanidins Have an Antihyperglycemic Effect in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and Insulinomimetic Activity in Insulin-Sensitive Cell Lines (2004)

Flavonoids are functional constituents of many fruits and vegetables. Some flavonoids have antidiabetic properties because they improve altered glucose and oxidative metabolisms of diabetic states. Procyanidins are flavonoids with an oligomeric structure, and it has been shown that they can improve the pathological oxidative state of a diabetic situation. To evaluate their effects on glucose metabolism, we administered an extract of grape seed procyanidins (PE) orally to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This had an antihyperglycemic effect, which was significantly increased if PE administration was accompanied by a low insulin dose. The antihyperglycemic effect of PE may be partially due to the insulinomimetic activity of procyanidins on insulin-sensitive cell lines. PE stimulated glucose uptake in L6E9 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Like insulin action, the effect of PE on glucose uptake was sensitive to wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositol 3-kinase and to SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK. PE action also stimulated glucose transporter-4 translocation to the plasma membrane. In summary, procyanidins have insulin-like effects in insulin-sensitive cells that could help to explain their antihyperglycemic effect in vivo. These effects must be added to their antioxidant activity to explain why they can improve diabetic situations.
Enteroviral Infections of the Central Nervous System (1995)

Infections of the CNS with the nonpolio enteroviruses are common and important causes of morbidity in both children and adults. Studies have recently defined the short-term and long-term outcomes of aseptic meningitis due to the enteroviruses. Focal encephalitis is increasingly recognized as a complication of enterovirus infection. Patients at greatest risk for sequelae of CNS enteroviral disease include neonates and those who are immunocompromised. The clinical presentation may mimic that of bacterial or other viral CNS infections, a circumstance making laboratory diagnosis of paramount importance for reducing unnecessary hospitalization and therapy. Recent advances in PCR technology, including its adaptation to a colorimetric microwell plate format, promise to greatly facilitate diagnosis of enteroviral infections. Promising antiviral drugs for CNS disease and other serious manifestations of enteroviral infections are under development.
Robust WLAN Device-free Passive motion detection (2012)

WLAN Device-free Passive (DfP) localization is an emerging technology that uses the widely deployed WiFi networks for detecting and localizing human presence within indoor environments. This paper presents an accurate and low-overhead technique for detecting human presence based on non-parametric statistical anomaly detection. This technique constructs profiles capturing the signal strength characteristics when no human is present within the area of interest and uses these profiles to identify any anomalies in the signal strength due to human motion activity. To adapt to changes in the environment, the constructed profiles are regularly updated by signal strength readings with low anomaly probability. Exponential smoothing is then used to reduce the effect of noisy readings in order to enhance the detection accuracy. Our work proved to be more robust and accurate than other DfP detection techniques, achieving a high detection accuracy of 4.7% miss detection rate and 3.8% false alarm rate, while requiring minimal deployment overhead.
Performance evaluation of space-time-frequency block codes over frequency selective fading channels (2003)

Space-time block coded OFDM (ST-OFDM) has been proposed as an attractive solution for a high bit rate data transmission in a multipath fading environment. Space-frequency block coded OFDM (SF-OFDM) has been also proposed as another solution. These two systems utilize the STBC with the 2/spl times/2 transmission matrix, using two transmit antennas. If we apply the STBC with the 4/spl times/4 transmission matrix to OFDM, using four transmit antennas, we can expect the performance improvement. In addition, applying the STBC with the 4/spl times/4 transmission matrix to OFDM, we can form block codes over the space, time, and frequency domains, that is, we can implement the space-time-frequency block coded OFDM (STF-OFDM). In this paper, we apply the STBC with the 4/spl times/4 transmission matrix to OFDM and compare the performance of the three systems (ST-OFDM, SF-OFDM, STF-OFDM). We show that the best system with respect to the error rate performance differs in the different channel conditions.
Involvement of ER Stress in Dysmyelination of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease with PLP1 Missense Mutations Shown by iPSC-Derived Oligodendrocytes (2014)

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a form of X-linked leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene. Although PLP1 proteins with missense mutations have been shown to accumulate in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in disease model animals and cell lines transfected with mutant PLP1 genes, the exact pathogenetic mechanism of PMD has not previously been clarified. In this study, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two PMD patients carrying missense mutation and differentiated them into oligodendrocytes in vitro. In the PMD iPSC-derived oligodendrocytes, mislocalization of mutant PLP1 proteins to the ER and an association between increased susceptibility to ER stress and increased numbers of apoptotic oligodendrocytes were observed. Moreover, electron microscopic analysis demonstrated drastically reduced myelin formation accompanied by abnormal ER morphology. Thus, this study demonstrates the involvement of ER stress in pathogenic dysmyelination in the oligodendrocytes of PMD patients with the PLP1 missense mutation.
Expression of the hMICL in acute myeloid leukemia—a highly reliable disease marker at diagnosis and during follow‐up (2011)

These data identify hMICL as a myeloid leukemia-associated antigen and establishes its applicability for diagnosis and follow-up of AML patients in a standard FCM setting.
Improving the routing and addressing of IP (1993)

Simple mechanisms for introducing hierarchy into the interdomain routing system, making it practical to route a truly large Internet, are described. It is shown that addresses need to be assigned along network topological lines to maximise the reduction in routing overhead. Simplifying the mechanisms for changing hot addresses makes it possible to renumber a network so that it has a topologically significant address when the site changes position within the routing system. These proposals make it possible to significantly increase the utilization of addresses and extend the time the Internet can use the Internet Protocol (IP) Version 4.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study on the competitiveness of the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry based on Porter's typology (2002)

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate how the strategies chosen by the firms inserted in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry within the period 1995-1998 have influenced their strategic positioning and consequently affected their performance. Based on Michael Porter's theory on competitive strategies, the study presents the pertinent strategies for firms operating in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry and identifies the strategic groups formed by the firms components of the industrial segment under analysis. The research was implemented by means of gathering a data bank comprising 50 laboratories. The database contains information on the strategic behavior of those firms based on eleven variables concerning the strategies pursued as well as on four variables concerning performance. Data were then statistically analyzed through the use of the following tools: factor analysis; cluster analysis; and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results obtained suggest that the differences in the average performance among the strategic groups identified may be explained by the different strategic decisions taken by each firm of the sample.
Embedded DRAM design and architecture for the IBM 0.11-µm ASIC offering (2002)

This paper presents an overview of the macro design, architecture, and built-in self-test (BIST) implementation as part of the IBM third-generation embedded dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) for the IBM Blue Logic® 0.11-µm application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) design system (CU-11). Issues associated with embedding DRAM in an ASIC design are identified and addressed, including fundamental DRAM core function, user interface, test, and diagnosis. Macro operation and organization are detailed and contrasted with traditional DRAM designs. The use of BIST, a key enabler for embedded DRAM, is discussed while highlighting innovations required by the embedded DRAM.
Towards microbe-targeted photosensitizers: Synthesis, characterization and <i>in vitro</i> photodynamic inactivation of the tuberculosis model pathogen <i>M. smegmatis</i> by porphyrin-peptide conjugates (2019)

Porphyrin-peptide conjugates have a breadth of potential applications, including use in photodynamic therapy, boron neutron capture therapy, as fluorescence imaging tags for tracking subcellular localization, as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positive-contrast reagents and as biomimetic catalysts. Here, we have explored three general routes to porphyrin-peptide conjugates using the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen-Medal-Sharpless 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of peptide-containing azides with a terminal alkyne-containing porphyrin, thereby generating porphyrin-peptide conjugates (PPCs) comprised of a cationic porphyrin coupled to short antimicrobial peptides. In addition to characterizing the PPCs using a variety of spectroscopic (UV-vis, [Formula: see text]H- and [Formula: see text]C-NMR) and mass spectrometric methods, we evaluated their efficacy as photosensitizers for the in vitro photodynamic inactivation of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model for the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Difficulties that needed to be overcome for the efficient synthesis of PPCs were the limited solubility of the quaternized pyridyl porphyrin in common solvents, undesired (de)metallation and transmetallation, and chromatographic purification. Photodynamic inactivation studies of a small library of PPCs against Mycobacterium smegmatis confirmed our hypothesis that the porphyrin-based photosensitizer maintains its ability to efficiently inactivate bacteria when conjugated to a small peptide by upwards of 5–6 log units (99.999[Formula: see text]%) using white light illumination (400–700 nm, 60 mW/cm[Formula: see text], 30 min). Further, hemolysis assays revealed the lack of toxicity of the PPCs against sheep blood at concentrations employed for in vitro photodynamic inactivation. Taken together, the results demonstrated the ability of PPCs to maintain their antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation efficacy when possessing a short cationic peptides for enabling the potential targeting of pathogens in vivo.
UV Raman detection of 2,4-DNT in contact with sand particles (2006)

Deep Ultra Violet Raman Spectroscopy (DUV-RS) is an emerging tool for vibrational spectroscopy analysis and can be used in Point Detection mode to detect explosive components of landmines and Improvised Explosive Devices (IED). Interactions of explosives with different substrates can be measured by using quantitative vibrational signal shift information of scattered Raman light associated with these interactions. In this research, grounds were laid for detection of explosives using UV-Raman Spectroscopy equipped with 244 nm laser excitation line from a 488 nm frequency doubled Coherent FreD laser. In other experiments, samples of 2,4-DNT were allowed to interact with Ottawa Sand and were studied using DUV-RS. Characteristic vibrational signals of energetic compounds were analyzed in the ranges: 400-1200 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 1200-1800 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 2800-3500 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In addition these Raman spectra were compared with dispersive spectra that were acquired using Raman Microscopy equipped with 514.5 nm (VIS) 785 nm (NIR) and 1064 nm (NIR) excitation lasers.
Coupled Congestion Control for Multipath Transport Protocols (2011)

Often endpoints are connected by multiple paths, but communications are usually restricted to a single path per connection. Resource usage within the network would be more efficient were it possible for these multiple paths to be used concurrently. Multipath TCP is a proposal to achieve multipath transport in TCP.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐ and 5,7‐Substituted Indole Derivatives. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Soft Demapping and Iterative Decoding for Satellite Communications (2007)

In this paper an original detection strategy for satellite digital broadcasting communications is defined; particularly, we consider the DVB-S2 system, which is proposed as a development of the DVB systems and exploits iterative decoding and higher order modulation. The proposed approach relies on the use of the information which can be obtained by proper soft demapping schemes. Moreover, we introduce an original receiver which is based on iterative demapping and decoding. The adoption of these strategies permits a remarkable performance gain and an improvement of the system throughput.
1019 (2012)

Introduction: Given the multitude of thrombocytopenia etiologies in critically ill patients, the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is often difficult to make. The purpose of this study is to determine if a modified scoring system impacts diagnostic accuracy. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a modified 3T (m3T) scoring system, which omits clinical evaluation of other thrombocytopenic etiologies, is as effective for the clinical diagnosis of HIT in the ICU when compared to the 4T score. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of critically ill adults who had an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay HIT antibody (ELISA HIT Ab) ordered and were identified as HIT positive (optical density [OD]? 0.40) or HIT negative (OD < 0.40) based on the ELISA HIT Ab. Both 4T and m3T scores were retrospectively calculated for patients and the diagnostic accuracy was compared using paired receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). The number of HIT positive to HIT negative patients was represented by a 1:3 ratio to detect at least a 10% difference in the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) for the 4T and m3T scores. Results: A total of 1487 adult ICU patients with an ELISA HIT Ab ordered between January 2007 and December 2009 were eligible for study enrollment. Application of either exclusion criteria or random selection yielded a total of 232 patients included for analysis (58 HIT positive patients and 174 HIT negative). The majority patients were admitted into surgical ICUs and were primarily exposed to unfractionated heparin. Patients that were HIT positive had a median OD value of 0.61 (IQR 0.47 – 0.92), whereas the median OD value was 0.07 (IQR 0.05 – 0.11) in HIT negative patients (p < 0.001). The AUC for the 4T and m3T scores were 0.683 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.604-0.762) and 0.680 (95% CI, 0.600-0.758), respectively (p = 0.065). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the 4T and m3T scoring systems for the diagnosis of HIT in critically ill patients. Further prospective studies should be conducted to validate the m3T scoring system.
Discovery, Structure−Activity Relationships, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of Glucokinase Activator (2<i>R</i>)-3-Cyclopentyl-2-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-<i>N</i>-thiazol-2-yl-propionamide (RO0281675) (2010)

Glucokinase (GK) is a glucose sensor that couples glucose metabolism to insulin release. The important role of GK in maintaining glucose homeostasis is illustrated in patients with GK mutations. In this publication, identification of the hit molecule 1 and its SAR development, which led to the discovery of potent allosteric GK activators 9a and 21a, is described. Compound 21a (RO0281675) was used to validate the clinical relevance of targeting GK to treat type 2 diabetes.