gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of highly conductive textile viscose yarns by chemical vapor deposition technique: a route to continuous process (2010)

Abstract An oxidative chemical vapor deposition (OCVD) process was used to coat flexible textile fiber (viscose) with highly conductive polymer, poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in presence of ferric (III) chloride (FeCl 3 ) oxidant. OCVD is a solvent free process used to get uniform, thin, and highly conductive polymer layer on different substrates. In this paper, PEDOT coated viscose fibers, prepared under specific conditions, exhibited high conductivity 14.2 S/cm. The effects of polymerization conditions, such as polymerization time, oxidant concentration, dipping time of viscose fiber in oxidant solution, and drying time of oxidant treated viscose fiber, were carefully investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT‐IR analysis revealed that polymerization of PEDOT on surface of viscose fiber has been taken place and structural analysis showed strong interactions between PEDOT and viscose fiber. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to investigate the amount of PEDOT in PEDOT coated viscose fiber and interaction of PEDOT with viscose fiber. The effect of PEDOT coating on the mechanical properties of the viscose fiber was evaluated by tensile strength testing of the coated fibers. The obtained PEDOT coated viscose fiber having high conductivity, could be used in smart clothing for medical and military applications, heat generation, and solar cell demonstrators. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collaborative Knowledge Base Embedding for Recommender Systems (2016)

Among different recommendation techniques, collaborative filtering usually suffer from limited performance due to the sparsity of user-item interactions. To address the issues, auxiliary information is usually used to boost the performance. Due to the rapid collection of information on the web, the knowledge base provides heterogeneous information including both structured and unstructured data with different semantics, which can be consumed by various applications. In this paper, we investigate how to leverage the heterogeneous information in a knowledge base to improve the quality of recommender systems. First, by exploiting the knowledge base, we design three components to extract items' semantic representations from structural content, textual content and visual content, respectively. To be specific, we adopt a heterogeneous network embedding method, termed as TransR, to extract items' structural representations by considering the heterogeneity of both nodes and relationships. We apply stacked denoising auto-encoders and stacked convolutional auto-encoders, which are two types of deep learning based embedding techniques, to extract items' textual representations and visual representations, respectively. Finally, we propose our final integrated framework, which is termed as Collaborative Knowledge Base Embedding (CKE), to jointly learn the latent representations in collaborative filtering as well as items' semantic representations from the knowledge base. To evaluate the performance of each embedding component as well as the whole system, we conduct extensive experiments with two real-world datasets from different scenarios. The results reveal that our approaches outperform several widely adopted state-of-the-art recommendation methods.
Effects of pH on responses to adenosine, CGS 21680, carbachol and nitroprusside in the isolated perfused superior mesenteric arterial bed of the rat (1995)

1. The receptors mediating the vasodilator responses to adenosine in the isolated mesenteric arterial bed of the rat were identified by use of selective agonists and antagonists and the involvement of the endothelium was examined. 2. Adenosine-mediated dilatation of the mesentery was potentiated by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM), but in contrast, removal of the endothelium substantially reduced the responses to adenosine. 3. The order of potency of adenosine receptor agonists was: 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) > 2-p-(-2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680) > 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyl-adenosine (CCPA) > or = adenosine, suggesting the presence of A2A receptors. 4. Adenosine-mediated dilatation was inhibited by the non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline (3 microM) and by the A2A receptor antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (500 nM), but was unaffected by the A1 receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX; 10 nM). 5. Reducing the pH of the perfusate to 6.8 potentiated the actions of both CGS 21680 and adenosine, but the vasodilator effects of carbachol were the same at both pH values. The adenosine response at the lower pH as at pH 7.4, was unaffected by DPCPX. The actions of the nitrovasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, were also potentiated at pH 6.8 relative to those at the higher pH value but smaller responses were obtained at the lower pH value with forskolin, a stimulator of adenylyl cyclase, than at pH 7.4. 6. It is concluded that the adenosine receptor mediating dilatation of the rat mesenteric arterial bed is of the A2A subtype, that the response, under the conditions used, is apparently partly dependent on the endothelium (but not due to the release of nitric oxide), and that the response to activation of this receptor is potentiated by a reduction in pH which is similar to that seen in ischaemic conditions.
Recognizing nodal marginal zone lymphoma: recent advances and pitfalls. A systematic review (2013)

The diagnosis of nodal marginal zone lymphoma is one of the remaining problem areas in hematopathology. Because no established positive markers exist for this lymphoma, it is frequently a diagnosis of exclusion, making distinction from other low-grade B-cell lymphomas difficult or even impossible. This systematic review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge on nodal marginal zone lymphoma, including clinical features, epidemiology and etiology, histology, and cytogenetic and molecular features. In particular, recent advances in diagnostics and pathogenesis are discussed. New immunohistochemical markers have become available that could be used as positive markers for nodal marginal zone lymphoma. These markers could be used to ensure more homogeneous study groups in future research. Also, recent gene expression studies and studies describing specific gene mutations have provided clues to the pathogenesis of nodal marginal zone lymphoma, suggesting deregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. Nevertheless, nodal marginal zone lymphoma remains an enigmatic entity, requiring further study to define its pathogenesis to allow an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment. However, recent data indicate that it is not related to splenic or extranodal lymphoma, and that it is also not related to lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Thus, even though the diagnosis is not always easy, it is clearly a separate entity.
Pyroelectric calorimeter for photothermal studies of thin films and adsorbates (1987)

A pyroelectric calorimeter for studies of radiation induced thermal transients in thin films and at surfaces is described. The signal generation and detection process, as well as design criteria are briefly reviewed. Detailed data are presented whereby our design, which has found extensive utility, can be fabricated. This device is compatible with standard Inficon quartz microbalance hardware and provides a sensitivity of several nanojoules at a time resolution of &lt;100 ns over a wide temperature and pressure range.
The metalloproteases meprin α and meprin β: unique enzymes in inflammation, neurodegeneration, cancer and fibrosis (2013)

The metalloproteases meprin α and meprin β exhibit structural and functional features that are unique among all extracellular proteases. Although meprins were discovered more than 30 years ago, their precise substrates and physiological roles have been elusive. Both enzymes were originally found to be highly expressed in kidney and intestine, which focused research on these particular tissues and associated pathologies. Only recently it has become evident that meprins exhibit a much broader expression pattern, implicating functions in angiogenesis, cancer, inflammation, fibrosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Different animal models, as well as proteomics approaches for the identification of protease substrates, have helped to reveal more precise molecular signalling events mediated by meprin activity, such as activation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. APP (amyloid precursor protein) is cleaved by meprin β in vivo, reminiscent of the β-secretase BACE1 (β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1). The subsequent release of Aβ (amyloid β) peptides is thought to be the major cause of the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, ADAM10 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 10), which is the constitutive α-secretase, was shown to be activated by meprin β, which is itself shed from the cell surface by ADAM10. In skin, both meprins are overexpressed in fibrotic tumours, characterized by massive accumulation of fibrillar collagens. Indeed, procollagen III is processed to its mature form by meprin α and meprin β, an essential step in collagen fibril assembly. The recently solved crystal structure of meprin β and the unique cleavage specificity of these proteases identified by proteomics will help to generate specific inhibitors that could be used as therapeutics to target meprins under certain pathological conditions.
Infrared detection of cocaine and street cocaine in saliva with a one-step extraction (2013)

We present a novel approach for the detection of cocaine in saliva using infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy combined with a simple one-step extraction. We demonstrate the performance of this technique with saliva collected from several test persons, spiked with cocaine and street cocaine after sampling. The high efficiency of the extraction yields a limit of detection (LOD) of ∼1 μg cocaine per ml of saliva. A further reduction of the LOD is easily achieved by pre-concentration enabling a limit of detection of a few 100 ng ml−1 of cocaine in saliva. The technique represents an important step towards a compact, easy-to-use, portable, quick and semi-quantitative screening device for on-road-side tests. The extraction method is also applicable to sample preparation for other optical sensor schemes.
Super High Impact Polystyrene Based on Polystyrene and Butadiene—Styrene Block Polymer Blends (1976)

A blend of a rubbery styrene-butadiene block polymer and commercial polystyrene has been prepared which can be injection molded into articles having high impact strength and most of the other desirable properties of high quality ABS. The impact strength of the molded articles depends on the particle size of the rubbery block polymer component, its composition, and molecular weight. Impact strength reaches a maximum when the average particle size of the rubbery compound is near 1 μm and when the styrene content of the block polymer is preferably in the range 50 ± 10%. A relatively high molecular weight, preferably ca. 250,000 Mn, is required to process successfully the blend while retaining the impact strength. When molecular weight is below 150,000 Mn, impact strength decreases with increased processing. Articles molded from this polymer blend have an impact strength, flexural modulus, heat distortion, hardness, and appearance comparable with high quality ABS.
Simple Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Double-Site Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Use in Malaria Drug Sensitivity Testing (2005)

A simple double-site sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Plasmodium falciparum in vitro drug sensitivity tests based on measuring histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) is presented. The ELISA uses two commercial monoclonal antibodies and provides a drastically cheaper alternative to the test kits previously used in the HRP2 drug sensitivity test. The assay is simple to establish and perform. The sensitivity is comparable and the drug sensitivity results very closely match those obtained with the commercial ELISA kits (R(2) = 0.979; P < 0.001; mean log difference at the 50% inhibitory concentration = 0.07).
Using Hidden Semi-Markov Models for Effective Online Failure Prediction (2007)

A proactive handling of faults requires that the risk of upcoming failures is continuously assessed. One of the promising approaches is online failure prediction, which means that the current state of the system is evaluated in order to predict the occurrence of failures in the near future. More specifically, we focus on methods that use event-driven sources such as errors. We use hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs)for this purpose and demonstrate effectiveness based on field data of a commercial telecommunication system. For comparative analysis we selected three well-known failure prediction techniques: a straightforward method that is based on a reliability model, dispersion frame technique by Lin and Siewiorek and the eventset-based method introduced by Vilalta et al. We assess and compare the methods in terms of precision, recall, F-measure, false-positive rate, and computing time. The experiments suggest that our HSMM approach is very effective with respect to online failure prediction.
Concise Reviews: Can Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Differentiate into Corneal Cells? A Systematic Review of Published Data (2014)

The majority of stem cell therapies for corneal repair are based upon the use of progenitor cells isolated from corneal tissue, but a growing body of literature suggests a role for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from noncorneal tissues. While the mechanism of MSC action seems likely to involve their immuno-modulatory properties, claims have emerged of MSC transdifferentiation into corneal cells. Substantial differences in methodology and experimental outcomes, however, have prompted us to perform a systematic review of the published data. Key questions used in our analysis included: the choice of markers used to assess corneal cell phenotype, the techniques used to detect these markers, adequate reporting of controls, and tracking of MSC when studied in vivo. Our search of the literature revealed 28 papers published since 2006, with half appearing since 2012. MSC cultures established from bone marrow and adipose tissue have been best studied (22 papers). Critically, only 11 studies used appropriate markers of corneal cell phenotype, along with necessary controls. Ten out of these eleven papers, however, contained positive evidence of corneal cell marker expression by MSC. The clearest evidence is observed with respect to expression of markers for corneal stromal cells by MSC. In comparison, the evidence for MSC conversion into either corneal epithelial cells or corneal endothelial cells is often inconsistent or inconclusive. Our analysis clarifies this emerging body of literature and provides guidance for future studies of MSC differentiation within the cornea as well as other tissues.
Super Junction LDMOS Transistors - Implementing super junction LDMOS transistors to overcome substrate depletion effects (2006)

The super junction (SJ) concept (Coe et al.) applied to power semiconductor devices is attractive due to its potential for reducing on-resistance at a given breakdown voltage. Discrete SJ vertical power devices have recently become available commercially. However, lateral SJ devices have not materialized for several years partly due to the fact that the lateral SJ structure, implemented on silicon substrates, suffers from substrate-assisted depletion effects which reduce the breakdown voltage. This article discusses the various device structures that have been proposed to eliminate the substrate-assisted depletion effects in SJ-lateral double diffused MOS LDMOS transistors (SJ-LDMOSTs). The concept of the SJ device and vertical and lateral SJ structure was summarized. The substrate-assisted depletion effects are described in detail. The alternative implementations proposed to suppress the substrate effects were then discussed. And the experimental implementation results are summarized and discussed to identify the most likely option for the implementation of lateral SJ-LDMOSTs
A Cytosolic Granzyme B Inhibitor Related to the Viral Apoptotic Regulator Cytokine Response Modifier A Is Present in Cytotoxic Lymphocytes (1996)

Using a polymerase chain reaction strategy we identified a serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) in human bone marrow that is related to the cellular serpin proteinase inhibitor 6 (PI-6) and the viral serpin cytokine response modifier A (CrmA). This serpin, proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9), has an unusual reactive center P1(Glu)-P1'(Cys), which suggests that it inhibits serine proteinases that cleave after acidic residues. The only known serine proteinase with this specificity is granzyme B, a granule cytotoxin produced by cytotoxic lymphocytes. To test the interaction of PI-9 with granzyme B we prepared recombinant hexa-histidine tagged PI-9 in a yeast expression system. Addition of the recombinant protein to native granzyme B resulted in an SDS-resistant complex typical of serpin-serine proteinase interactions. Further analysis showed that complex formation followed bimolecular kinetics with a second order rate constant of 1.7 +/- 0.3 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, which is in the range for a physiologically significant serpin-proteinase interaction. Recombinant PI-9 also completely abrogated granzyme B and perforin-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Examination of PI-9 mRNA distribution demonstrated that it is expressed in immune tissue, primarily in lymphocytes. The highest levels of PI-9 mRNA and protein were observed in natural killer cell leukemia cell lines and in interleukin-2 stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which also produce granzyme B. Like PI-6, PI-9 was shown to be a cytosolic protein that is not secreted. Fractionation of natural killer cells and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated that PI-9 is in a separate subcellular compartment to granzyme B. These results suggest that PI-9 serves to inactivate misdirected granzyme B following cytotoxic cell degranulation. This may explain why cytotoxic cells are not damaged by their own granzyme B during destruction of abnormal cells.
Xenorhabdus luminescens (DNA hybridization group 5) from human clinical specimens (1989)

An unusual isolate from a human leg wound was identified as Xenorhabdus luminescens. This finding led to the discovery or isolation of four additional strains, two from blood and two from wounds. Three of the five strains were from patients in San Antonio, Tex. Three strains were studied by DNA-DNA hybridization (S1 nuclease-trichloroacetic acid method) and were 77 to 100% related to each other, 34% related to the type strain of X. luminescens, 35 to 40% related to three of Grimont's other DNA hybridization groups of X. luminescens, and 9% related to the type strain of Xenorhabdus nematophilus. The new group of five strains was designated X. luminescens DNA hybridization group 5. All five strains were very inactive biochemically and fermented only D-glucose and D-mannose. The key reactions for recognizing this new organism are yellow pigment production, negative test for nitrate reduction to nitrite, weak bioluminescence (10 to 15 min of dark adaptation is required to see the weak light produced), and a unique hemolytic reaction on sheep blood agar plates incubated at 25 degrees C. Two case histories of strains from wounds are given; these suggest that X. luminescens DNA hybridization group 5 may be a new bacterial agent that causes wound infections. The two cases of wound infection, along with the two blood isolates, suggest that the new organism is clinically significant.
Transfilter induction of kidney tubules as a function of the extent and duration of intercellular contacts (1978)

The kinetics of kidney tubule induction were examined in transfilter experiments by varying the time of transfilter apposition, the porosity and pore size of the filters, and the culture conditions. Transfilter contact between the interacting cells is established within an hour when cytoplasmic processes emerge through the interposed filter; then a further 16-24 h are needed for completion of induction. This lag is a function of thickness and pore size of the filter, and is not reduced by precultivation of the inductor on the filter. Material that accumulates on the far side of the filter during such cultivation displays no morphogenetic activity. The intensity of the mesenchymal response was roughly quantified and shown to be a function of pore size, pore density and duration of transfilter contact.
A function-blocking PAR4 antibody is markedly antithrombotic in the face of a hyperreactive PAR4 variant (2018)

Thrombin activates human platelets via 2 protease-activated receptors (PARs), PAR1 and PAR4, both of which are antithrombotic drug targets: a PAR1 inhibitor is approved for clinical use, and a PAR4 inhibitor is in trial. However, a common sequence variant in human PAR4 (rs773902, encoding Thr120 in place of Ala120) renders the receptor more sensitive to agonists and less sensitive to antagonists. Here, we develop the first human monoclonal function-blocking antibody to human PAR4 and show it provides equivalent efficacy against the Ala120 and Thr120 PAR4 variants. This candidate was generated from a panel of anti-PAR4 antibodies, was found to bind PAR4 with affinity (K<sub>D</sub> ≈ 0.4 nM) and selectivity (no detectable binding to any of PAR1, PAR2, or PAR3), and is capable of near-complete inhibition of thrombin cleavage of either the Ala120 or Thr120 PAR4 variant. Platelets from individuals expressing the Thr120 PAR4 variant exhibit increased thrombin-induced aggregation and phosphatidylserine exposure vs those with the Ala120 PAR4 variant, yet the PAR4 antibody inhibited these responses equivalently (50% inhibitory concentration, 4.3 vs 3.2 µg/mL against Ala120 and Thr120, respectively). Further, the antibody significantly impairs platelet procoagulant activity in an ex vivo thrombosis assay, with equivalent inhibition of fibrin formation and overall thrombus size in blood from individuals expressing the Ala120 or Thr120 PAR4 variant. These findings reveal antibody-mediated inhibition of PAR4 cleavage and activation provides robust antithrombotic activity independent of the rs773902 PAR4 sequence variant and provides rationale for such an approach for antithrombotic therapy targeting this receptor.
Mechanisms and Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Poly(ε-caprolactone) (2001)

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) simultaneously coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was developed as an original technique to study the thermal modification/degradation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) through in depth analysis of the evolved gas. Perfectly well-defined PCL samples with controlled end groups, predictable molecular weight, and narrow molecular weight distribution were synthesized by living "coordination-insertion" ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone initiated by aluminum triisopropoxide. TGA analyses carried out on purified PCL samples, deprived from any residual catalyst or monomer, highlighted a two-step thermal degradation. Evolved gas analysis by both MS and FTIR showed that the first process implies a statistical rupture of the polyester chains via ester pyrolysis reaction. The produced gases were identified as H(2)O, CO(2), and 5-hexenoic acid. The second step leads to the formation of epsilon-caprolactone (cyclic monomer) as result of an unzipping depolymerization process. The influence of parameters such as polyester molecular weight, nature of the PCL end groups, and presence of catalytic residues as well as the type of purge gas were investigated. The activation energy of the thermal degradation was also studied.