gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRF Receptor Antagonist Astressin-B Reverses and Prevents Alopecia in CRF Over-Expressing Mice (2011)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways are involved in the stress response, and there is growing evidence supporting hair growth inhibition of murine hair follicle in vivo upon stress exposure. We investigated whether the blockade of CRF receptors influences the development of hair loss in CRF over-expressing (OE)-mice that display phenotypes of Cushing's syndrome and chronic stress, including alopecia. The non-selective CRF receptors antagonist, astressin-B (5 µg/mouse) injected peripherally once a day for 5 days in 4-9 months old CRF-OE alopecic mice induced pigmentation and hair re-growth that was largely retained for over 4 months. In young CRF-OE mice, astressin-B prevented the development of alopecia that occurred in saline-treated mice. Histological examination indicated that alopecic CRF-OE mice had hair follicle atrophy and that astressin-B revived the hair follicle from the telogen to anagen phase. However, astressin-B did not show any effect on the elevated plasma corticosterone levels and the increased weights of adrenal glands and visceral fat in CRF-OE mice. The selective CRF₂ receptor antagonist, astressin₂-B had moderate effect on pigmentation, but not on hair re-growth. The commercial drug for alopecia, minoxidil only showed partial effect on hair re-growth. These data support the existence of a key molecular switching mechanism triggered by blocking peripheral CRF receptors with an antagonist to reset hair growth in a mouse model of alopecia associated with chronic stress.
Interference management: A new paradigm for wireless cellular networks (2009)

We introduce a new interference management technique for wireless cellular networks when the base station (BS) has K antennas and there are M mobile stations (MS), each with a single antenna. Our interference management scheme takes advantage of multiuser diversity to transmit K independent data streams to K out of M mobile stations. The new approach achieves the dirty paper coding (DPC) capacity of K log log(M) as M tends to infinity. Surprisingly, the new scheme does not require full channel state information (CSI) and needs only close to K integers related to CSI are fed back to the transmitter. Moreover, the encoding and decoding of the new scheme is significantly simpler than existing MIMO schemes and is similar to point-to-point communications.
Synthesis of waveguide mode control devices based on aperiodic gratings (1996)

Various applications of the scattering optimization method for the design of mode control devices are presented. These include the design of a highly efficient (97.86%) and compact aperiodic grating for TE02- to TE01-mode conversion in a circular waveguide, the design of a waveguide transition or taper, and the design of an efficient mode filter. Dielectric waveguide applications of the method are also discussed.
Non-blinking and photostable upconverted luminescence from single lanthanide-doped nanocrystals (2009)

The development of probes for single-molecule imaging has dramatically facilitated the study of individual molecules in cells and other complex environments. Single-molecule probes ideally exhibit good brightness, uninterrupted emission, resistance to photobleaching, and minimal spectral overlap with cellular autofluorescence. However, most single-molecule probes are imperfect in several of these aspects, and none have been shown to possess all of these characteristics. Here we show that individual lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs)--specifically, hexagonal phase NaYF(4) (beta-NaYF(4)) nanocrystals with multiple Yb(3+) and Er(3+) dopants--emit bright anti-Stokes visible upconverted luminescence with exceptional photostability when excited by a 980-nm continuous wave laser. Individual UCNPs exhibit no on/off emission behavior, or "blinking," down to the millisecond timescale, and no loss of intensity following an hour of continuous excitation. Amphiphilic polymer coatings permit the transfer of hydrophobic UCNPs into water, resulting in individual water-soluble nanoparticles with undiminished photophysical characteristics. These UCNPs are endocytosed by cells and show strong upconverted luminescence, with no measurable anti-Stokes background autofluorescence, suggesting that UCNPs are ideally suited for single-molecule imaging experiments.
CapstanCrunch (2019)

We introduce CapstanCrunch, a force resisting, palm-grounded haptic controller that renders haptic feedback for touching and grasping both rigid and compliant objects in a VR environment. In contrast to previous controllers, Cap-stan¬Crunch renders human-scale forces without the use of large, high force, electrically power consumptive and ex-pensive actuators. Instead, CapstanCrunch¬ integrates a friction-based capstan-plus-cord variable-resistance brake mechanism that is dynamically controlled by a small inter-nal motor. The capstan mechanism magnifies the motor's force by a factor of around 40 as an output resistive force. Compared to active force control devices, it is low cost, low electrical power, robust, safe, fast and quiet, while providing high force control to user interaction. We describe the de-sign and implementation of CapstanCrunch and demon-strate its use in a series of VR scenarios. Finally, we evalu-ate the performance of CapstanCrunch in two user studies and compare our controller with an active haptic controller with the ability to simulate different levels of convincing object rigidity and/or compliance.
Integration and Long Distance Axonal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System from Transplanted Primitive Neural Stem Cells (2012)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in devastating motor and sensory deficits secondary to disrupted neuronal circuits and poor regenerative potential. Efforts to promote regeneration through cell extrinsic and intrinsic manipulations have met with limited success. Stem cells represent an as yet unrealized therapy in SCI. Recently, we identified novel culture methods to induce and maintain primitive neural stem cells (pNSCs) from human embryonic stem cells. We tested whether transplanted human pNSCs can integrate into the CNS of the developing chick neural tube and injured adult rat spinal cord. Following injection of pNSCs into the developing chick CNS, pNSCs integrated into the dorsal aspects of the neural tube, forming cell clusters that spontaneously differentiated into neurons. Furthermore, following transplantation of pNSCs into the lesioned rat spinal cord, grafted pNSCs survived, differentiated into neurons, and extended long distance axons through the scar tissue at the graft-host interface and into the host spinal cord to form terminal-like structures near host spinal neurons. Together, these findings suggest that pNSCs derived from human embryonic stem cells differentiate into neuronal cell types with the potential to extend axons that associate with circuits of the CNS and, more importantly, provide new insights into CNS integration and axonal regeneration, offering hope for repair in SCI.
Inactivation of Lipid‐Enveloped Viruses in Proteins by Caprylate (1991)

The use of caprylate for the inactivation of lipid-enveloped viruses in biologically active proteins both plasma derived and produced by cell culture was evaluated. Viruses consisted of herpes simplex virus type I, vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, and Sindbis virus. Utilizing the dissociation reaction and varying the concentration of the ionized form of caprylate, a specific amount of the nonionized form of caprylate was maintained over a wide pH range. Virus-spiked protein solutions contacted with caprylate provide rapid virus inactivation under a variety of conditions while maintaining the integrity of the respective protein or activity. With the exception of coagulation factor AHF, protein and biological activity yield were essentially quantitative. Caprylate is removed after treatment by size exclusion chromatography or anion/cation exchange adsorption of the protein, followed by buffer wash.
Engineering circular RNA for potent and stable translation in eukaryotic cells (2018)

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) has broad potential for application in biological systems. However, one fundamental limitation to its use is its relatively short half-life in biological systems. Here we develop exogenous circular RNA (circRNA) to extend the duration of protein expression from full-length RNA messages. First, we engineer a self-splicing intron to efficiently circularize a wide range of RNAs up to 5 kb in length in vitro by rationally designing ubiquitous accessory sequences that aid in splicing. We maximize translation of functional protein from these circRNAs in eukaryotic cells, and we find that engineered circRNA purified by high performance liquid chromatography displays exceptional protein production qualities in terms of both quantity of protein produced and stability of production. This study pioneers the use of exogenous circRNA for robust and stable protein expression in eukaryotic cells and demonstrates that circRNA is a promising alternative to linear mRNA.
Wires on Demand: Run-Time Communication Synthesis for Reconfigurable Computing (2007)

In systems typified by software defined radio, existing flows for run-time FPGA reconfiguration limit resource efficiency when constructing a variety of datapaths. Our approach allocates a sandbox region in which modules from a library can be flexibly placed and interconnected. An efficient run-time framework makes use of lightweight placement and routing techniques to respond on-demand to application requests. Compile time tools automate the task of adding interface wrappers to modules, insulating the designer from reconfiguration details.
A high brightness source of polarization entangled photons (2011)

We present a simple but highly efficient source of polarization entangled photons based on SPDC in bulk PPKTP. Utilizing the highest available nonlinear coefficient in a type 0 collinear configuration, as well as an optimized geometry of the setup, we expect to exceed the brightness achieved in current schemes by at least an order of magnitude.
Force balancing in mammographic compression (2016)

In mammographic breast compression, even small changes in the image receptor height can lead to a severe imbalance of the applied forces. This may make the procedure more painful than necessary and, in case the image receptor is set too low, may lead to image quality issues and increased radiation dose due to undercompression. In practice, these effects can be reduced by monitoring the force imbalance and actively adjusting the position of the image receptor throughout the compression.
Endocannabinoids Stimulate Human Melanogenesis via Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor (2012)

We show that a fully functional endocannabinoid system is present in primary human melanocytes (normal human epidermal melanocyte cells), including anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the respective target receptors (CB(1), CB(2), and TRPV1), and their metabolic enzymes. We also show that at higher concentrations AEA induces normal human epidermal melanocyte apoptosis (∼3-fold over controls at 5 μM) through a TRPV1-mediated pathway that increases DNA fragmentation and p53 expression. However, at lower concentrations, AEA and other CB(1)-binding endocannabinoids dose-dependently stimulate melanin synthesis and enhance tyrosinase gene expression and activity (∼3- and ∼2-fold over controls at 1 μM). This CB(1)-dependent activity was fully abolished by the selective CB(1) antagonist SR141716 or by RNA interference of the receptor. CB(1) signaling engaged p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases, which in turn activated the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein and the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Silencing of tyrosinase or microphthalmia-associated transcription factor further demonstrated the involvement of these proteins in AEA-induced melanogenesis. In addition, CB(1) activation did not engage the key regulator of skin pigmentation, cyclic AMP, showing a major difference compared with the regulation of melanogenesis by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone through melanocortin 1 receptor.
TFA: A Tunable Finite Automaton for Pattern Matching in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (2014)

Deterministic finite automatons (DFAs) and nondeterministic finite automatons (NFAs) are two typical automatons used in the network intrusion detection system. Although they both perform regular expression matching, they have quite different performance and memory usage properties. DFAs provide fast and deterministic matching performance but suffer from the well-known state explosion problem. NFAs are compact, but their matching performance is unpredictable and with no worst case guarantee. In this paper, we propose a new automaton representation of regular expressions, called tunable finite automaton (TFA), to deal with the DFAs' state explosion problem and the NFAs' unpredictable performance problem. Different from a DFA, which has only one active state, a TFA allows multiple concurrent active states. Thus, the total number of states required by the TFA to track the matching status is much smaller than that required by the DFA. Different from an NFA, a TFA guarantees that the number of concurrent active states is bounded by a bound factor b that can be tuned during the construction of the TFA according to the needs of the application for speed and storage. Simulation results based on regular expression rule sets from Snort and Bro show that, with only two concurrent active states, a TFA can achieve significant reductions in the number of states and memory usage, e.g., a 98% reduction in the number of states and a 95% reduction in memory space.
Advanced Analysis Techniques for Cross-Product Coverage (2006)

Coverage analysis is used to monitor the quality of the verification process. Reports provided by coverage tools' help users identify areas in the design that have not been adequately tested. Because of their sheer size, the analysis of large coverage models can be an intimidating and time-consuming task. This paper presents several techniques for coverage analysis. These techniques range from highly interactive and dynamic analysis that allows users to focus on certain aspects or areas of interest in the coverage model to fully automated coverage analysis, which identifies uncovered or lightly covered areas. The proposed techniques provide additional means for extracting relevant, useful information, thereby improving the quality of the coverage analysis. A number of examples show how the proposed method improved the verification of actual designs
Novel Li<sub>3</sub>ClO based glasses with superionic properties for lithium batteries (2014)

Glassy electrolytes with superior ionic conductivity at room temperature, wide electrochemical stability window and impressive lifecycle in Li-metal cells were developed.
Continuously zoom imaging probe for the multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (2016)

In modern minimally invasive surgeries (MIS), standard laparoscopes suffer from the tradeoff between the spatial resolution and field of view (FOV). The inability of simultaneously acquiring high-resolution images for accurate operation and wide-angle overviews for situational awareness limits the efficiency and outcome of the MIS. A dual view multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL) which can simultaneously provide the surgeon with a high-resolution view as well as a wide-angle overview was proposed and demonstrated to have great potential for improving the MIS. Although experiment results demonstrated the high-magnification probe has an adequate magnification for viewing surgical details, the dual-view MRFL is limited to two fixed levels of magnifications. A fine adjustment of the magnification is highly desired for obtaining high resolution images with desired field coverage. In this paper, a high magnification probe with continuous zooming capability without any mechanical moving parts is demonstrated. By taking the advantages of two electrically tunable lenses, one for optical zoom and the other for image focus compensation, the optical magnification of the high-magnification probe varies from 2 × to 3 × compared with that of the wide-angle probe, while the focused object position stays the same as the wide-angle probe. The optical design and the tunable lens analysis are presented, followed by prototype demonstration.
Brain temporal complexity in explaining the therapeutic and cognitive effects of seizure therapy (2017)

Over 350 million people worldwide suffer from depression, a third of whom are medication-resistant. Seizure therapy remains the most effective treatment in depression, even when many treatments fail. The utility of seizure therapy is limited due to its cognitive side effects and stigma. The biological targets of seizure therapy remain unknown, hindering design of new treatments with comparable efficacy. Seizures impact the brains temporal dynamicity observed through electroencephalography. This dynamicity reflects richness of information processing across distributed brain networks subserving affective and cognitive processes. We investigated the hypothesis that seizure therapy impacts mood (depressive symptoms) and cognition by modulating brain temporal dynamicity. We obtained resting-state electroencephalography from 34 patients (age = 46.0 ± 14.0, 21 females) receiving two types of seizure treatments-electroconvulsive therapy or magnetic seizure therapy. We used multi-scale entropy to quantify the complexity of the brain's temporal dynamics before and after seizure therapy. We discovered that reduction of complexity in fine timescales underlined successful therapeutic response to both seizure treatments. Greater reduction in complexity of fine timescales in parieto-occipital and central brain regions was significantly linked with greater improvement in depressive symptoms. Greater increase in complexity of coarse timescales was associated with greater decline in cognition including the autobiographical memory. These findings were region and timescale specific. That is, change in complexity in occipital regions (e.g. O2 electrode or right occipital pole) at fine timescales was only associated with change in depressive symptoms, and not change in cognition, and change in complexity in parieto-central regions (e.g. Pz electrode or intra and transparietal sulcus) at coarser timescale was only associated with change in cognition, and not depressive symptoms. Finally, region and timescale specific changes in complexity classified both antidepressant and cognitive response to seizure therapy with good (80%) and excellent (95%) accuracy, respectively. In this study, we discovered a novel biological target of seizure therapy: complexity of the brain resting state dynamics. Region and timescale dependent changes in complexity of the brain resting state dynamics is a novel mechanistic marker of response to seizure therapy that explains both the antidepressant response and cognitive changes associated with this treatment. This marker has tremendous potential to guide design of the new generation of antidepressant treatments.
Real-Time Adaptive Models for the Personalized Prediction of Glycemic Profile in Type 1 Diabetes Patients (2011)

The ANN appears to be more appropriate for the prediction of glucose profile based on glucose and insulin data.
Fractionation of peptide with disulfide bond for quantum mechanical calculation of interaction energy with molecules (2003)

We present a computational study of a recently developed molecular fractionation with conjugated caps (MFCC) method for application to peptide/protein that has disulfide bonds. Specifically, we employ the MFCC approach to generate peptide fragments in which a disulfide bond is cut and a pair of conjugated caps are inserted. The method is tested on two peptides interacting with a water molecule. The first is a dipeptide consisting of two cysteines (Cys-Cys) connected by a disulfide bond and the second is a seven amino acid peptide consisting of Gly-Cys-Gly-Gly-Gly-Cys-Gly with a disulfide cross link. One-dimensional peptide-water potential curves are computed using the MFCC method at various ab initio levels for a number of interaction geometries. The calculated interaction energies are found to be in excellent agreement with the results obtained from the corresponding full system ab initio calculations for both peptide/water systems. The current study provides further numerical support for the accuracy of the MFCC method in full quantum mechanical calculation of protein/peptide that contains disulfide bonds.
Enzyme immunoassay for free thyroxin. (1982)

Abstract We describe a mathematical model for a single-tube enzyme immunoassay for free thyroxin (FT4), involving use of a thyroxin/horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) conjugate that does not interact with thyroxin-binding globulin. In the presence of serum two populations of unassociated, or free, immunologically active constituents are present: FT4 and the conjugate. The concentrations of the former are determined by the serum constituents and of the latter by the albumin concentration. When a small quantity of antibody is added, it reacts with the variable amount of FT4 and with the constant amount of the conjugate, thus giving a measure of the FT4. We constructed a mathematical model based on thermodynamic binding constants and adsorption data. The model gives satisfactory agreement with the experimental data under a variety of experimental conditions. Results for 19 patients' serum samples demonstrate the validity of the concept.
Specification and Diversification of Pericytes and Smooth Muscle Cells from Mesenchymoangioblasts (2017)

Elucidating the pathways that lead to vasculogenic cells, and being able to identify their progenitors and lineage-restricted cells, is critical to the establishment of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) models for vascular diseases and development of vascular therapies. Here, we find that mesoderm-derived pericytes (PCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) originate from a clonal mesenchymal progenitor mesenchymoangioblast (MB). In clonogenic cultures, MBs differentiate into primitive PDGFRβ<sup>+</sup>CD271<sup>+</sup>CD73<sup>-</sup> mesenchymal progenitors, which give rise to proliferative PCs, SMCs, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. MB-derived PCs can be further specified to CD274<sup>+</sup> capillary and DLK1<sup>+</sup> arteriolar PCs with a proinflammatory and contractile phenotype, respectively. SMC maturation was induced using a MEK inhibitor. Establishing the vasculogenic lineage tree, along with identification of stage- and lineage-specific markers, provides a platform for interrogating the molecular mechanisms that regulate vasculogenic cell specification and diversification and manufacturing well-defined mural cell populations for vascular engineering and cellular therapies from hPSCs.
Fiber coating optimization for interferometric acoustic sensors (1982)

The pressure sensitivity of the induced phase modulation in fiber optic acoustic sensors is studied both analytically and experimentally. The elastic parameters of commonly used coatings (thermoset plastics and acrylate based U. V. curable coatings), which govern the sensitivity, have been studied in bulk samples as a function of frequency (102–104 Hz) and temperature (0°–35 °C). The analysis, which takes into account the exact composition and geometry of multilayer fibers, is utilized to identify coatings which optimize the fiber acoustic sensitivity. The analytically predicted frequency dependence of the acoustic sensitivity is found to be in agreement with that obtained experimentally using fibers with various coatings.