gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Triggers of Skin Conductance Responses and Their Neural Correlates in the Primate Amygdala (2009)

The amygdala plays a crucial role in evaluating the emotional significance of stimuli and in transforming the results of this evaluation into appropriate autonomic responses. Lesion and stimulation studies suggest involvement of the amygdala in the generation of the skin conductance response (SCR), which is an indirect measure of autonomic activity that has been associated with both emotion and attention. It is unclear if this involvement marks an emotional reaction to an external stimulus or sympathetic arousal regardless of its origin. We recorded skin conductance in parallel with single-unit activity from the right amygdala of two rhesus monkeys during a rewarded image viewing task and while the monkeys sat alone in a dimly lit room, drifting in and out of sleep. In both experimental conditions, we found similar SCR-related modulation of activity at the single-unit and neural population level. This suggests that the amygdala contributes to the production or modulation of SCRs regardless of the source of sympathetic arousal.
Pacemakers charging using body energy (2010)

Life-saving medical implants like pacemakers and defibrillators face a big drawback that their batteries eventually run out and patients require frequent surgery to have these batteries replaced. With the advent of technology, alternatives can be provided for such surgeries. To power these devices, body energy harvesting techniques may be employed. Some of the power sources are patient's heartbeat, blood flow inside the vessels, movement of the body parts, and the body temperature (heat). Different types of sensors are employed, such as for sensing the energy from the heartbeat the piezoelectric and semiconducting coupled nanowires are used that convert the mechanical energy into electricity. Similarly, for sensing the blood flow energy, nanogenerators driven by ultrasonic waves are used that have the ability to directly convert the hydraulic energy in human body to electrical energy. Another consideration is to use body heat employing biothermal battery to generate electricity using multiple arrays of thermoelectric generators built into an implantable chip. These generators exploit the well-known thermocouple effect. For the biothermal device to work, it needs a 2°C temperature difference across it. But there are many parts of the body where a temperature difference of 5°C exists - typically in the few millimeters just below the skin, where it is planned to place this device. This study focuses on using body heat as an alternative energy source to recharge pacemaker batteries and other medical devices and prevent the possibility of life-risk during repeated surgery.
An asymmetric synthesis of vigabatrin (1996)

Enantiomerically pure vigabatrin is available in four steps and 59% overall yield from butadiene monoepoxide.
Pursuing failure (2001)

Observation-based testing calls for analyzing profiles of executions induced by potential test cases, in order to select a subset of executions to be checked for conformance to requirements. A family of techniques for selecting such a subset is evaluated experimentally. These techniques employ automatic cluster analysis to partition executions, and they use various sampling techniques to select executions from clusters. The experimental results support the hypothesis that with appropriate profiling, failures often have unusual profiles that are revealed by cluster analysis. The results also suggest that failures often form small clusters or chains in sparsely-populated areas of the profile space. A form of adaptive sampling called failure-pursuit sampling is proposed for revealing failures in such regions, and this sampling method is evaluated experimentally. The results suggest that failure-pursuit sampling is effective.
Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition and Characterization of Fluorine Doped Silicon Dioxide Films (1997)

Fluorine-doped silicon dioxide films were deposited using a dual frequency (DF) multi-station sequential deposition plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor. Fluorine-doped silicon dioxide films with various Si–F content were deposited using mixture of vaporized tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), O 2 and C 2 F 6 . The Si–F content, physical properties and gap filling capability of the F-doped films were characterized. The physical properties and gap filling capability were found to be dependent upon wafer temperature, pressure, gas phase reactant concentrations and rf power, but is predominantly dependent on Si–F content. Aspect ratios (AR) up to 1.64:1 with 0.5 µm spacing were filled with no observable seams and voids.
Bridging Theory and Algorithm for Domain Adaptation (2019)

This paper addresses the problem of unsupervised domain adaption from theoretical and algorithmic perspectives. Existing domain adaptation theories naturally imply minimax optimization algorithms, which connect well with the domain adaptation methods based on adversarial learning. However, several disconnections still exist and form the gap between theory and algorithm. We extend previous theories (Mansour et al., 2009c; Ben-David et al., 2010) to multiclass classification in domain adaptation, where classifiers based on the scoring functions and margin loss are standard choices in algorithm design. We introduce Margin Disparity Discrepancy, a novel measurement with rigorous generalization bounds, tailored to the distribution comparison with the asymmetric margin loss, and to the minimax optimization for easier training. Our theory can be seamlessly transformed into an adversarial learning algorithm for domain adaptation, successfully bridging the gap between theory and algorithm. A series of empirical studies show that our algorithm achieves the state of the art accuracies on challenging domain adaptation tasks.
Hyperspectral imaging for early detection of oxygenation and perfusion changes in irradiated skin (2012)

Studies examining acute oxygenation and perfusion changes in irradiated skin are limited. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), a method of wide-field, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, provides noninvasive, quantified measurements of cutaneous oxygenation and perfusion. This study examines whether HSI can assess acute changes in oxygenation and perfusion following irradiation. Skin on both flanks of nude mice (n=20) was exposed to 50 Gy of beta radiation from a strontium-90 source. Hyperspectral images were obtained before irradiation and on selected days for three weeks. Skin reaction assessment was performed concurrently with HSI. Desquamative injury formed in all irradiated areas. Skin reactions were first seen on day 7, with peak formation on day 14, and resolution beginning by day 21. HSI demonstrated increased tissue oxygenation on day 1 before cutaneous changes were observed (p<0.001). Further increases over baseline were seen on day 14, but returned to baseline levels by day 21. For perfusion, similar increases were seen on days 1 and 14. Unlike tissue oxygenation, perfusion was decreased below baseline on day 21 (p<0.002). HSI allows for complete visualization and quantification of tissue oxygenation and perfusion changes in irradiated skin, and may also allow prediction of acute skin reactions based on early changes seen after irradiation.
Accurate Template-Based Correction of Brain MRI Intensity Distortion With Application to Dementia and Aging (2004)

This paper examines an alternative approach to separating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) intensity inhomogeneity from underlying tissue-intensity structure using a direct template-based paradigm. This permits the explicit spatial modeling of subtle intensity variations present in normal anatomy which may confound common retrospective correction techniques using criteria derived from a global intensity model. A fine-scale entropy driven spatial normalisation procedure is employed to map intensity distorted MR images to a tissue reference template. This allows a direct estimation of the relative bias field between template and subject MR images, from the ratio of their low-pass filtered intensity values. A tissue template for an aging individual is constructed and used to correct distortion in a set of data acquired as part of a study on dementia. A careful validation based on manual segmentation and correction of nine datasets with a range of anatomies and distortion levels is carried out. This reveals a consistent improvement in the removal of global intensity variation in terms of the agreement with a global manual bias estimate, and in the reduction in the coefficient of intensity variation in manually delineated regions of white matter.
Is Neuroprotection a Viable Therapy for Glaucoma? (1999)

Treatment of glaucoma continues to be directed at lowering intraocular pressure to decrease the likelihood of disease progression. In the future intraocular pressure reduction might be augmented by other therapeutic approaches. Interest has been increasing in preventing progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy using approaches based on the premise that glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease. Neuroprotection of the glaucomatous optic nerve therefore would be an adjuctive therapeutic paradigm for use with conventional intraocular pressure-lowering treatments or by itself.
Study on the adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution on modified SBA-15 (2013)

Amino-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica was prepared, characterized, and used as an adsorbent for heavy metal ions. The organic - inorganic hybrid material was obtained by a grafting procedure using SBA-15 silica with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), respectively. The structure and physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by means of elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption - desorption, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and immersion calorimetry. The organic functional groups were successfully grafted onto the SBA-15 surface and the ordering of the support was not affected by the chemical modification. The behavior of the grafted solids was investigated for the adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The hybrid materials showed high adsorption capacity and high selectivity for zinc ions. Other ions, such as cooper and cobalt were absorbed by the modified SBA-15 material.
Cross‐linking reactions on polyamides by bis‐ and tris(maleimide)s (1995)

Abstract 12 bis‐ and tris(maleimide)s were synthesized and characterized and their reactions with polyamides in the melt were examined. It was found that the double bonds of the maleimides react with terminal amino groups of the polyamides to form elastomeric networks. The chemical and physical properties of these elastomers were examined. Mixtures of bis‐ and tris(maleimide)s with amino‐terminated polyamides can be applied as hot melt adhesives with high tensile and shear strength, with high thermal stability and high chemical resistance.
BubbleTalk (2018)

Despite the popularity of fish as pets, there is little knowledge available about the fishkeeping experience and the related interactions. In this regard, this study aims to look into the experience of fishkeeping by supporting people's actions through a tech-mediated system. Based on the results, an interactive system called BubbleTalk was developed to help people to convey their actions using bubbles into a fish tank. A user study was conducted with BubbleTalk, and the results showed that the interaction through BubbleTalk varied people's behavior, prolonged their interaction and thus reshaped their relationship with fish. Beyond the implications for fishkeeping, we believe that our findings could serve as insight and further motivation for overcoming interactions limited by this physically disconnected environment.
Role of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent K<sup>+</sup>Channels in Cerebral Vasodilatation Induced by Increases in Cyclic GMP and Cyclic AMP in the Rat (1996)

These findings suggest that dilatation of cerebral arterioles by receptor-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase and by direct activation of guanylate cyclase in the rat is mediated in large part by activation of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels.
The Arabidopsis <i>AMP1</i> Gene Encodes a Putative Glutamate Carboxypeptidase (2001)

Arabidopsis amp1 mutants show pleiotropic phenotypes, including altered shoot apical meristems, increased cell proliferation, polycotyly, constitutive photomorphogenesis, early flowering time, increased levels of endogenous cytokinin, and increased cyclin cycD3 expression. We have isolated the AMP1 gene by map-based cloning. The AMP1 cDNA encodes a 706;-amino acid polypeptide with significant similarity to glutamate carboxypeptidases. The AMP1 mRNA was expressed in all tissues examined, with higher expression in roots, stems, inflorescences, and siliques. Microarray analysis identified four mRNA species with altered expression in two alleles of amp1, including upregulation of CYP78A5, which has been shown to mark the shoot apical meristem boundary. The similarity of the AMP1 protein to glutamate carboxypeptidases, and in particular to N-acetyl alpha-linked acidic dipeptidases, suggests that the AMP1 gene product modulates the level of a small signaling molecule that acts to regulate a number of aspects of plant development, in particular the size of the apical meristem.
인더스트리 4.0 표준 분석 및 한국의 스마트공장 표준화 (2016)

최근 제조업은 정보통신기술(ICT)의 발전에 비례해서 제 4차 산업혁명이라 불리는 Industry 4.0 개념이 중심으로 자리 잡고 있다. Industry 4.0이란 CPS와 IoT 기술을 통해 생산기기와 생산품 간의 정보교환이 가능한 자동화 생산체계로써, 사물
인터넷에 의한 제품, 기기의 지능화를 통하여 과거의 경직된 중앙집중식 생산...
Properties of PZT thin films as a function of in-plane biaxial stress (1996)

The properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were characterized as a function of in-plane biaxial stress. Typical values of P/sub r/ and E/sub c/ for unstressed (i.e. no applied load) sol-gel films were measured using Pt/PZT/Pt/Ti/SiO/sub 2//Si test capacitors and are on the order of 28 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ and 63 kV/cm, respectively, Residual stresses in PZT/electrode stacks were found to be a function of the annealing condition for the Pt/Ti bottom electrode. Measured values of Pt/Ti stress for sputtered films consisting of 150 nm Pt and 20 nm Ti varied with temperature from -386 MPa in the as-received state to 718 MPa after heating to 700/spl deg/C. Experimental stress states (of test capacitors) were modified from the fabricated condition in a biaxial stress rig designed to provide uniform tensile or compressive load over the surface of a 3" substrate. The resulting applied stress state in the films ranged from -142 MPa to 212 MPa. Remnant polarization, coercive field strengths, capacitance, and tan /spl delta/ were then measured in situ and correlated to the state of stress in the PZT film.
Through-Wafer Electrical Interconnects Compatible with Standard Semiconductor Processing (2000)

The fabrication and characterization of high-density electrical through-wafer interconnects on silicon substrates are described. A 20 pm via is etched with a high-density plasma, followed by conformal oxide deposition, polysilicon deposition, and diffusion doping. The process uses high-temperature compatible materials and results in a filled via, making it suitable for standard semiconductor processing and wafer-handling equipment. Resistance (14 n), capacitance (0.6 pF) and noise measurements are presented.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2016)

Standard hemodynamic monitoring such as blood pressure and pulse oximetry may only provide a crude estimation of organ perfusion in the critical care setting. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is based on the same principle as a pulse oximeter and allows continuous noninvasive monitoring of hemoglobin oxygenation and deoxygenation and thus tissue saturation "StO2" This review aims to provide an overview of NIRS technology principles and discuss its current clinical use in the critical care setting. The study selection was performed using the PubMed database to find studies that investigated the use of NIRS in both the critical care setting and in the intensive care unit. Currently, NIRS in the critical care setting is predominantly being used for infants and neonates. A number of studies in the past decade have shown promising results for the use of NIRS in surgical/trauma intensive care units during shock management as a prognostic tool and in guiding resuscitation. It is evident that over the past 2 decades, NIRS has gone from being a laboratory fascination to an actively employed clinical tool. Even though the benefit of routine use of this technology to achieve better outcomes is still questionable, the fact that NIRS is a low-cost, noninvasive monitoring modality improves the attractiveness of the technology. However, more research may be warranted before recommending its routine use in the critical care setting.
Discrepancy between metrizamide CT and myelography in diagnosis of cervical disk protrusions. (1983)

With the advent of the relatively safe water-soluble contrast medium metrizamide, cervical myelography followed by metrizamide computed tomography (CT) can be performed easily. Sixteen patients with cervical disk protrusions (eight central and eight posterolateral) were studied by both procedures to evaluate the diagnostic value of each. In 75% of the posterolateral disk protrusions, myelography was as diagnostic as metrizamide CT. Metrizamide CT was definitely superior to myelography in 75% of the central disk protrusions with delineation of compressed cord. Information provided by metrizamide CT is detailed enough to allow the selection of a definitive anterior approach without delay.
Design of Surface Permanent Magnet-type Vernier Motor (2013)

In this paper, the authors designed a surface permanent magnet (SPM)-type vernier motor whose maximum output is more than 5.2 kW, whose power factor at 4 kW is more than 90%, and whose efficiency at 4 kW is 85% under the conditions that the operating voltage, frequency, and synchronous speed are 400 V, 50 Hz, and 100 min-1, respectively.
Comprehensive subtyping of Parkinson’s disease patients with similarity fusion: a case study with BioFIND data (2021)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with diverse clinical manifestations. To better understand this disease, research has been done to categorize, or subtype, patients, using an array of criteria derived from clinical assessments and biospecimen analyses. In this study, using data from the BioFIND cohort, we aimed at identifying subtypes of moderate-to-advanced PD via comprehensively considering motor and non-motor manifestations. A total of 103 patients were included for analysis. Through the use of a patient-wise similarity matrix fusion technique and hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis, three unique subtypes emerged from the clustering results. Subtype I, comprised of 60 patients (~58.3%), was characterized by mild symptoms, both motor and non-motor. Subtype II, comprised of 20 (~19.4%) patients, was characterized by an intermediate severity, with a high tremor score and mild non-motor symptoms. Subtype III, comprised of 23 (~22.3%) patients, was characterized by more severe motor and non-motor symptoms. These subtypes show statistically significant differences when looking at motor (on and off medication) clinical features and non-motor clinical features, while there was no clear difference in demographics, biomarker levels, and genetic risk scores.
Purification and Characterization of an Extracellular Poly( <scp>l</scp> -Lactic Acid) Depolymerase from a Soil Isolate, <i>Amycolatopsis</i> sp. Strain K104-1 (2001)

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA)-degrading Amycolatopsis sp. strains K104-1 and K104-2 were isolated by screening 300 soil samples for the ability to form clear zones on the PLA-emulsified mineral agar plates. Both of the strains assimilated >90% of emulsified 0.1% (wt/vol) PLA within 8 days under aerobic conditions. A novel PLA depolymerase with a molecular weight of 24,000 was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of strain K104-1. The purified enzyme degraded high-molecular-weight PLA in emulsion and in solid film, ultimately forming lactic acid. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 9.5, and the optimum temperature was 55 to 60 degrees C. The PLA depolymerase also degraded casein and fibrin but did not hydrolyze collagen type I, triolein, tributyrin, poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate), or poly(epsilon-caprolactone). The PLA-degrading and caseinolytic activities of the enzyme were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but were not significantly affected by soybean trypsin inhibitor, N-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, and Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. Thus, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1 excretes the unique PLA-degrading and fibrinolytic serine enzyme, utilizing extracellular polylactide as a sole carbon source.
Phase-conjugate wavefront generation via real-time holography in Bi_12SiO_20 crystals (1979)

Continuous-wave phase-conjugate wavefront generation via real-time holography in Bi12 SiO20 crystals is presented. The efficiency of the device is analyzed in terms of wavefront reflectivity. Electro-optic configurations allowing gain in the reflected wave intensity are considered. Applications include real-time imaging through phase-disturbing media, optical processing, and interferometry.
Selective ion isolation/rejection over a broad mass range in the quadrupole ion trap (1991)

Techniques are presented for mass-selective ion manipulation over a wide mass range in a three-dimensional quadrupole. The methods use an auxiliary, low-amplitude radio-frequency signal applied to the endcap electrodes. This signal is either held at a single frequency as the fundamental radio-frequency trapping amplitude is ramped or swept over a frequency range while the fundamental radio-frequency trapping amplitude is held at a fixed level. Ion isolation and ejection are demonstrated for ions formed within the ion trap using electron ionization and for ions injected into the ion trap formed either by an air-sustained glow discharge or by electrospray. Mass-selective ion ejection is used to reduce matrix-ion-induced space charge during ion injection, thereby producing signal enhancement for the detection of 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene in air. Mass-selective isolation of ions with mass-to-charge ratios above the normal operating range (m / z 650) for the ion trap is also demonstrated after injection of myoglobin ions formed via electrospray.