gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIOSTASH: TRIPLE SECURITY FOR ENCODED MATCHING OF FINGERPRINT DATA IN THE CLOUD (2018)

Recently, biometric data plays an important role as an identity authentication technique. Biometric authentication considered a promising technology used across multiple systems to provide a reliable verification. However, designing a biometrics authentication system that are effectively secure in the cloud environment remains a research challenge. In this research, we aim to handle privacy and security issue of biometrics data (i.e. fingerprints) in the cloud by proposing BioStash algorithm. BioStash algorithm achieves high-level of security and privacy by applying triple security layers. First, BioStash algorithm transforms and encrypts user's fingerprint data. Then, BioStash embeds a shared secret key inside the encrypted fingerprint. At the final layer, BioStash algorithm distributes all the shares over multiple clouds. During fingerprint matching process, BioStash matches the fingerprints in their secure encoded form without decoding the data in order to preserve the privacy. In addition, BioStash uses multithreading to handle multi-shares over multiple clouds in parallel. The experimental results show that BioStash system has a faster matching time while achieves comparable accuracy compared to the baselines. Further, we proved that our proposed system provides a promising solution to improve privacy and security of fingerprint data in the cloud.
Thin Film Block Copolymer Assembly in Mixtures of Highly Selective Solvents (2013)

Perpendicular orientation of block copolymer (BCP) domains in thin films is generally preferred over parallel orientation for lithographic applications. [1] Thermal annealing can be used to promote this orientation, but often requires a top coat since one block will typically wet the air interface. [2] Solvent annealing is an attractive alternative for achieving perpendicular orientation of the domains by neutralizing the surface energy of the air interface. Many examples of using solvent annealing in BCP thin films exist in the literature, involving domain non-selective [3] and selective [4] solvents. Silicon-containing polymers are desirable for lithographic applications because their high chi-parameters and high etch selectivity allow them to self-assemble into small domains and be transferred easily into an underlying substrate by oxygen etching. [5,6] This paper describes the process used to solvent anneal a new silicon-containing polymer, poly(trimethylsilyl styrene-b-lactide) (PTMSS-b-PLA) using cyclohexane vapor, a solvent that preferentially swells the PTMSS domain.
Multiscale energy products for TOA estimation in IR-UWB systems (2005)

In this paper, we consider time of arrival estimation of ultra-wideband signals based on low-rate samples that are obtained after a square-law device. Signal conditioning techniques based on a bank of cascaded multi-scale energy collection filters and wavelets are introduced, where correlations across multiple scales are exploited for edge and peak enhancements towards a more accurate detection. The performances of the discussed algorithms are tested on IEEE 802.15.4a residential line-of-sight (LOS) channels.
Content-aware scrolling (2006)

Scrolling is used to navigate large information spaces on small screens, but is often too restrictive or cumbersome to use for particular types of content, such as multi-page, multi-column documents. To address this problem, we introduce content-aware scrolling (CAS), an approach that takes into account various characteristics of document content to determine scrolling direction, speed, and zoom. We also present the CAS widget, which supports scrolling through a content-aware path using traditional scrolling methods, demonstrating the advantages of making a traditional technique content-aware.
Energy harvesting using ionic electro-active polymer thin films with Ag-based electrodes (2010)

In this paper we employ the phenomenon of bending deformation induced transport of cations via the polymer chains in the thickness direction of an electro-active polymer (EAP)–metal composite thin film for mechanical energy harvesting. While EAPs have been applied in the past in actuators and artificial muscles, promising applications of such materials in hydrodynamic and vibratory energy harvesting are reported in this paper. For this, functionalization of EAPs with metal electrodes is the key factor in improving the energy harvesting efficiency. Unlike Pt-based electrodes, Ag-based electrodes have been deposited on an EAP membrane made of Nafion. The developed ionic metal polymer composite (IPMC) membrane is subjected to a dynamic bending load, hydrodynamically, and evaluated for the voltage generated against an external electrical load. An increase of a few orders of magnitude has been observed in the harvested energy density and power density in air, deionized water and in electrolyte solutions with varying concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) as compared to Pt-based IPMC performances reported in the published literature. This will have potential applications in hydrodynamic and residual environmental energy harvesting to power sensors and actuators based on micro-and nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) for biomedical, aerospace and oceanic applications.
Ultrasonic monitoring of photoresist processing (1999)

A high frequency ultrasonic technique has been developed to monitor photoresist processing in situ during semiconductor manufacturing. Photoresist pre-exposure bake and development have been monitored using the sensor, and the post-exposure bake has been studies as well. The in-situ glass transition temperature (T<SUB>g</SUB>) was determined during the prebake for I-line films down to 0.6micrometers as well as for chemically- amplified DUV resist of similar thicknesses. Using classical reflection theory, photoresist properties such as the density, thickness and acoustic velocity were determined during processing. This in situ parameter inversion method can be used to determine process endpoint if the optimal density, velocity, and thickness are predetermined. The T<SUB>g</SUB> for post-exposure bake of I-line resists is expected to be the T<SUB>g</SUB> of the novolac resin alone, without solvent present. Measurements using the described sensor have confirmed that the resin T<SUB>g</SUB> during postbake is 118 degrees C, the value of T<SUB>g</SUB> provided by Shipley. This provides a measurement of postbake as well as a confirmation that the sensor is measuring T<SUB>g</SUB> accurately. The development process was also monitored using this sensor. Results prove the usefulness of this sensor for in situ measurements of resist thickness changes during development. This was verified for different exposure doses and for resist coated on a wafer with circuit topography.
Thin Film Nitinol Microstent for Aneurysm Occlusion (2009)

Thin film nitinol produced by sputter deposition was used in the design of microstents intended to treat small vessel aneurysms. Thin film microstents were fabricated by "hot-target" dc sputter deposition. Both stress-strain curves and differential scanning calorimetry curves were generated for the film used to fabricate stents. The films used for stents had an A(f) temperature of approximately 36 degrees C allowing for body activated response from a microcatheter. The 10 microm film was only slightly radio-opaque; thus, a Td marker was attached to the stents to guide fluoroscopic delivery. Thin film microstents were tested in a flow loop with and without nitinol support skeletons to give additional radial support. Stents could be compressed into and easily delivered with <3 Fr catheters. Theoretical frictional and wall drag forces on a thin film nitinol small vessel vascular stent were calculated, and the radial force exerted by thin film stents was evaluated theoretically and experimentally. In vivo studies in swine confirmed that thin film nitinol microstents could be deployed accurately and consistently in the swine cranial vasculature.
Radiation crosslinked block copolymer blends with improved impact resistance. [non-elastomeric monovinylidene aromatic polymer and an elastomeric copolymer of conjugated diene and monovinylidene aromatic monomer] (1976)

Polymer blends having high impact resistance after mechanical working are produced by blending together a non-elastomeric monovinylidene aromatic polymer such as polystyrene with an elastomeric copolymer, such as a block copolymer of styrene and butadiene, in the form of crosslinked, colloidal size particles.
A two dimensional liquid crystal simulation for thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (1993)

Abstract A two-dimensional liquid crystal simulation, whose electrode configuration corresponds to that in a thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD), was carried out. Simulation results show that the lateral field between buslines and pixel electrode forms a reverse tilt domain. This reverse tilt domain leads to the disclination on the pixel electrode. The distance from the pixel electrode edge to this disclination location depends on the dielectric anisotropy and elastic constant for the liquid crystal. A small dielectric anisotropy or large elastic constant makes this distance small.
Rational Design of Non-Nucleoside, Potent, and Orally Bioavailable Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors: Predicting Enzyme Conformational Change and Metabolism (2005)

From metabolic considerations and prediction of an inhibitor-induced conformational change, novel adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitors with improved activities and oral bioavailability have been developed on the basis of our originally designed non-nucleoside ADA inhibitors. They demonstrated in vivo efficacy in models of inflammation and lymphoma. Furthermore, X-ray crystal structure analysis has revealed a novel induced fit to ADA.
A low-noise/low-power preamplifier for capacitive microphones (2002)

A design for a microphone preamplifier for application in hearing aids is presented. The amplifier operates at a supply of 1-1.5 V, the current drain is 40 /spl mu/A. The maximum sound level allowed is more than 120 dB SPL (Sound Pressure Level), with a typical noise level of 25 dB(A) SPL (A-weighted). The amplifier is optimized for a capacitive microphone with a capacitance of 1.2 pF. The amplifier is fully integrated in a 0.7 /spl mu/m n-well CMOS technology. Design details concerning noise performance are analytically described.
Classes of Sub-Miniature Microwave Printed Circuit Filters with Arbitrary Passband and Stopband Widths (1982)

Four new classes of microwave bandpass filters are defined herein. They are realized in triplate stripline and are exceedingly small devices as a result of using transmission line elements which are a quarter-wavelength well above the frequency of the passband. Each filter corresponds to a bandpass S-plane prototype which is derived using exact synthesis procedures from a specification of transmission zero locations. Passband and stopband widths may be independently specified and an extremely high degree of selectivity can be achieved when necessary. The slope of a filter skirt can he chosen to be such that 60 dB of attenuation is reached at a frequency < 3 percent from the comer of the passband.
Iron Sulfide Inhibition: Field Application of an Innovative Polymeric Chemical (2015)

Abstract Iron sulfide scale is prevalent in the industry and its chemical prevention is an area of recent focus by several research groups. There are very few examples where true inhibitor chemistry has been effective at controlling the scale, rather stoichiometric amounts of chelating agents are required. Partial inhibition has been achieved using classic scale inhibitor species such as phosphonates or maleic acid or sulfonated copolymers. Efficacy of these classic inhibitors against sulfide scale is poor and often uneconomically high concentrations are required. This paper summarizes the work performed to deliver to the industry a true, high-performance sulfide scale inhibitor. This chemistry offers a true step-change in performance from existing technologies. An industry best-in-class rapid screening technique was used to systematically evaluate all current technologies in the market place and from this develop a detailed understanding on the structure-performance relationships of functional groups. By ranking the correlations, a range of novel polymeric chemistries were synthesized which provided significantly superior inhibition. Test methods are presented that mimic formation of these scales in the field and order of magnitude increases in performance over standard species are reported, thus representing a true step-change in the efficacy of sulfide scale inhibition. The paper is largely dedicated to a field trial of this novel chemistry in USA. A severe iron sulfide fouling issue was being experienced in the water handling system. Intense sampling was performed when trialing classic chemistries such as THPS and phosphonate scale inhibitors as well as the novel polymeric product. The results speak for themselves and show that threshold concentrations of the new chemistry controlled sulfide deposition whereas order of magnitude more of standard chemistries are required to achieve the same efficacy.
The physical dimensions of fundamental clay particles (1985)

Abstract The thickness, length, width, area and perimeter of 575 particles from 16 aqueously dispersed samples of a variety of interstratified clays, smectites and illite have been recorded using TEM techniques. Complete dispersion of the clay material was achieved by saturating the clay with either Na + or Li + , removal of excess ions by dialysis, and isolation of the <0·1 or <0·2 µ m fraction by centrifugation. The samples have mean maximum dimensions of 1900 to 90 nm and the dispersed system can be considered as colloidal in nature. The mean thickness of the clays is about 1 nm for smectites, corresponding to that of elementary 2:1 silicate layers, from 1·9 to 4·9 nm for the interstratified clays, and 9 nm for illite. From these data the volume, total surface area and other parameters have been calculated and compared with independent determinations of surface area and CEC. The total surface area by TEM, assuming a density of 2·6 g/cm 3 , varies from ∼675 m 2 /g for smectites to 86 m 2 /g for illite, and is inversely proportional to the mean particle thickness. The charge density of monovalent cation exchange sites on the surface of the particles as determined for nine of the samples varies from 0·54 to 1·16 nm 2 /site. The particle-thickness distribution data can be used to calculate interstratified XRD layer-sequence probabilities and composition parameters, and agree with XRD data for interstratified clay with <60% illite layers. The thickness data also provide a rationale for the interpretation of TEM lattice-fringe images. Relationships between the particle area, length, thickness and volume are shown to be potentially useful in assessing the mechanism(s) of crystal growth of these extremely small phyllosilicate particles.
An investigation into the potential for multiple rail railguns (1989)

A simple numerical technique for determining current distribution and inductance in parallel conductor geometries is outlined. Interim results of an ongoing study which applies this technique to analyze and compare two- and multirail railgun geometries are presented. Multirail candidates were compared to comparably sized two-rail counterparts. The railguns were compared on their ability to produce projectile force, while current density was restricted to a specified peak value. Interim conclusions are drawn on the performance of square-bore and X-bore multirail guns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiple drug resistance gene atrD of Aspergillus nidulans (X-11766) (1997)

The invention provides isolated nucleic acid compounds encoding a multiple drug resistance protein of Aspergillus nidulans. Vectors and transformed host cells comprising the multiple drug resistance-encoding DNA of Aspergillus nidulans atrD are also provided. The invention further provides assays which utilize these transformed host cells
Transparent Displays Enabled by Resonant Nanoparticle Scattering (2014)

We create a transparent display by projecting monochromatic images onto a polymer film embedded with nanoparticles that selectively scatter light at the projected wavelength. This approach features simplicity, wide viewing angle, scalability, and low cost.
Blind Estimation of Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets (2007)

Multiple carrier-frequency offsets (CFO) arise in a distributed antenna system, where data are transmitted simultaneously from multiple antennas. In such systems the received signal contains multiple CFOs due to mismatch between the local oscillators of transmitters and receiver. This results in a time-varying rotation of the data constellation, which needs to be compensated for at the receiver before symbol recovery. This paper proposes a new approach for blind CFO estimation and symbol recovery. The received base-band signal is over-sampled, and its polyphase components are used to formulate a virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) problem. By applying blind MIMO system estimation techniques, the system response is estimated and used to subsequently transform the multiple CFOs estimation problem into many independent single CFO estimation problems. Furthermore, an initial estimate of the CFO is obtained from the phase of the MIMO system response. The Cramer-Rao lower bound is also derived, and the large sample performance of the proposed estimator is compared to the bound.
Low-threshold vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers with metallic reflectors (1990)

Continuous-wave room-temperature operation is reported for the first time of vertical cavity current injection semiconductor lasers with a metallic reflector. The GaAs/(AlGa)As lasers have low-threshold currents of 8 mA for 8-μm-diam contacts and threshold current densities of 9.5 kA/cm2. Single longitudinal mode and bimodal operation are obtained for short and long Fabry–Perot étalons, respectively. The spectral width of the single-mode laser line is 0.1 Å. The laser structures have a very small series resistance which results in a voltage drop of 1.8 V along the diodes at lasing threshold.
On the I/O Costs in Repairing Short-Length Reed-Solomon Codes (2019)

Minimizing the repair bandwidth, i.e., the amount of information from the helper nodes needed for recovering the content of one failed node in an erasure-coded distributed storage system, has been the focus of many works in the literature. We investigate another important performance metric, namely the I/O cost, which specifies the amount of information that needs to be read by the helper nodes during the repair process of one failed node. We analyze the I/O costs of a few known repair schemes for Reed-Solomon codes of various lengths, in contrast to the previous works in this direction, which only studied the I/O costs in repairing full-length Reed-Solomon codes.
All-optical, wavelength and bandwidth preserving, pulse delay based on parametric wavelength conversion and dispersion (2005)

We demonstrate an all-optical tunable delay in fiber based on wavelength conversion, group-velocity dispersion, and wavelength reconversion. The device operates near 1550 nm and generates delays greater than 800 ps. Our delay technique has the combined advantages of continuous control of a wide range of delays from picoseconds to nanoseconds, for a wide range of signal pulse durations (ps to 10 ns), and an output signal wavelength and bandwidth that are the same as that of the input. The scheme can potentially produce fractional delays of 1000 and is applicable to both amplitude- and phase-shift keyed data.
A novel bit alterable 3D NAND flash using junction-free p-channel device with band-to-band tunneling induced hot-electron programming (2013)

We demonstrate a novel p-channel 3D stackable NAND Flash that uses completely new programming and erasing methods. The p-channel 3D NAND avoids the disadvantage of GIDL induced hole erase of floating body n-channel NAND, giving a highly efficient -FN hole erasing and negligible disturb on the SSL and GSL devices. The p-channel NAND structure enables a novel -FN erase selection method, providing a unique feature of bit alterable erase that facilitates small-unit random code overwrite without block erase. Furthermore, the band-to-band tunneling induced hot-electron programming method provides lower operation voltage and is good for peripheral CMOS scaling. The device concept is demonstrated on a 37.5nm half-pitch 3D vertical gate (VG) junction-free NAND architecture.
A new technique for the measurement of surface shear stress vectors using liquid crystal coatings (1994)

Research has recently shown that liquid crystal coating (LCC) color-change response to shear depends on both shear stress magnitude and direction. Additional research was thus conducted to extend the LCC method from a flow-visualization tool to a surface shear stress vector measurement technique. A shear-sensitive LCC was applied to a planar test surface and illuminated by white light from the normal direction. A fiber optic probe was used to capture light scattered by the LCC from a point on the centerline of a turbulent, tangential-jet flow. Both the relative shear stress magnitude and the relative in-plane view angle between the sensor and the centerline shear vector were systematically varied. A spectrophotometer was used to obtain scattered-light spectra which were used to quantify the LCC color (dominant wavelength) as a function of shear stress magnitude and direction. At any fixed shear stress magnitude, the minimum dominant wavelength was measured when the shear vector was aligned with and directed away from the observer; changes in the relative in-plane view angle to either side of this vector/observer aligned position resulted in symmetric Gaussian increases in measured dominant wavelength. Based on these results, a vector measurement methodology, involving multiple oblique-view observations of the test surface, was formulated. Under present test conditions, the measurement resolution of this technique was found to be +/- 1 deg for vector orientations and +/- 5% for vector magnitudes. An approach t o extend the present methodology to full-surface applications is proposed.
Gene Transfer and Hepatic Overexpression of the HDL Receptor SR-BI Reduces Atherosclerosis in the Cholesterol-Fed LDL Receptor–Deficient Mouse (2000)

HDL cholesterol levels in humans are inversely correlated with the risk of atherosclerosis. The class B scavenger receptor type I (SR-BI) is the first molecularly well-defined HDL receptor, and hepatic overexpression of SR-BI in normal mice has been shown to result in decreased plasma HDL cholesterol levels. To determine whether SR-BI overexpression is proatherogenic or is protective against atherosclerosis, LDL receptor-deficient mice were placed on a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 2 or 12 weeks to induce atherosclerotic lesions of different stages and then were injected with a recombinant adenovirus encoding murine SR-BI. Transient hepatic overexpression of SR-BI in mice with both early and advanced lesions significantly decreased atherosclerosis. SR-BI expression was associated with markedly decreased HDL cholesterol and either unchanged or only modestly reduced non-HDL cholesterol levels; in all experiments, the mean HDL cholesterol levels were significantly correlated with atherosclerotic lesion size. These data suggest that interventions that promote HDL cholesterol transport and lower plasma HDL cholesterol levels can suppress atherosclerosis, even when initiated after significant lesion development. Thus, stimulation of hepatic SR-BI activity may provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.