gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relating flame radiation to home ignition using modeling and experimental crown fires (2004)

Wildlandurban fire destruction depends on homes igniting and thus requires an examination of the ignition requirements. A physicaltheoretical model, based on severe case conditions and ideal heat transfer characteristics, estimated wood wall ignition occurrence from flame radiation heating and piloted ignition requirements. Crown fire experiments provided an opportunity for assessing model reliability. The crown fire experiments were specifically instrumented with wood wall sections and heat flux sensors to investigate direct flame heating leading to home ignition during wildland fires. The experimental results indicated that the flame radiation model overestimated the structure-to-flame distance that would result in wood wall ignition. Wall sections that ignited during the experimental crown fires did not sustain flaming after crown fire burnout. The experiments also revealed that the forest canopy attenuated the flame radiation as the crown fire spread within the forest plot. Ignition modeling and the associated crown fire experiments described the flame-to-structure distance scale associated with flame heating related to wall ignition.
Kinematic Survey of Clinton Lake Dam (1989)

Kinematic survey phase data are reduced using a standard double difference formulation when the initial integer values of the biases are known or determined. Two experimental results are presented. A byproduct of the reduction was the generation of a measure of success similar to the Geometrical Dilution of Precision (GDOP) familiar to those using measurements of pseudo ranges. This new measure is called RDOP for Relative Dilution of Precision.
Chest CT for Typical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia: Relationship to Negative RT-PCR Testing (2020)

Some patients with positive chest CT findings may present with negative results of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, the authors present chest CT findings from five patients with COVID-19 infection who had initial negative RT-PCR results. All five patients had typical imaging findings, including ground-glass opacity (five patients) and/or mixed ground-glass opacity and mixed consolidation (two patients). After isolation for presumed COVID-19 pneumonia, all patients were eventually confirmed to have COVID-19 infection by means of repeated swab tests. A combination of repeated swab tests and CT scanning may be helpful for individuals with a high clinical suspicion of COVID-19 infection but negative findings at RT-PCR screening.
On-Chip Optical Microresonators With High Electro-Optic Tuning Efficiency (2019)

Electro-optic tuning by using lithium niobate (LiNbO3) possesses the unique features of sub-picosecond response time, low power consumption, reduced thermal noise, and combination of nonlinear-optic applications. Here, we demonstrate a new device design and fabrication to realize on-chip electro-optically tunable LiNbO3 microresonators with high performance. This device design solves the problem of cancel-out of effective index variation induced by electro-optic effect in the microresonators made of anisotropic materials. Besides, it enables the device functions of high quality factor, polarization-selective electro-optic tuning, and large free spectral range simultaneously with few high-order modes. The microdisk structure with the air-bridge wiring produced by the standard semiconductor process facilitates the realization of integrated photonic circuits. The presented device achieves the electro-optic tuning rate up to 29.2 pm/V and the large free spectral range of 17.1 nm. The proposed device design offers highly-efficient platforms for nonlinear optics, cavity optomechanics, Kerr frequency comb generation, and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
50 Gb/s silicon QPSK modulator with single-drive push-pull traveling wave electrodes design (2014)

We demonstrate a silicon QPSK modulator consisting of two nested Mach-Zehnder interferometers with 3.5 mm long traveling-wave electrodes. 50 Gb/s QPSK modulation is achieved with power consumption of 9.3 pJ/bit.
Biogenesis of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Membrane Vesicles Provoked by Induction of PagC (2010)

Gram-negative bacteria ubiquitously release membrane vesicles (MVs) into the extracellular milieu. Although MVs are the product of growing bacteria, not of cell lysis or death, the regulatory mechanisms underlying MV formation remained unknown. We have found that MV biogenesis is provoked by the induction of PagC, a Salmonella-specific protein whose expression is activated by conditions that mimic acidified macrophage phagosomes. PagC is a major constituent of Salmonella MVs, and increased expression accelerates vesiculation. Expression of PagC is regulated at the posttranscriptional and/or posttranslational level in a sigmaS (RpoS)-dependent manner. Serial quantitative analysis has demonstrated that MV formation can accelerate when the quantity of the MV constituents, OmpX and PagC, rises. Overproduction of PagC dramatically impacts the difference in the relative amount of vesiculation, but the corresponding overproduction of OmpX was less pronounced. Quantitative examination of the ratios of PagC and OmpX in the periplasm, outer membrane, and MVs demonstrates that PagC is preferentially enriched in MVs released from Salmonella cells. This suggests that specific protein sorting mechanisms operate when MVs are formed. The possible role(s) of PagC-MV in host cells is discussed.
High-definition optical coherence tomography imaging of melanocytic lesions: a pilot study (2013)

High-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) is a non-invasive in vivo imaging technique with cellular resolution based on the principle of conventional optical coherence tomography. The objective of this study was to evaluate HD-OCT for its ability to identify architectural patterns and cytologic features of melanocytic lesions. All lesions were examined by one observer clinically and using dermoscopy. Cross-sectional HD-OCT images were compared with histopathology. En face HD-OCT images were compared with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Twenty-six melanocytic lesions of 26 patients were imaged. Identification of architectural patterns in cross-sectional mode and cytologic features of pigmented cells in the epidermis, dermo-epidermal junction, papillary dermis, and superficial reticular dermis in the en face mode was possible by HD-OCT. HD-OCT provides morphological imaging with sufficient resolution and penetration depth to discriminate architectural patterns and cytologic features of pigmented cells in epidermis and dermis. The method appears to offer the possibility of additional three-dimensional structural information complementary to that of RCM, albeit at a slightly lower lateral resolution. The diagnostic potential of HD-OCT regarding malignant melanoma is not high enough for ruling out a diagnosis of malignant melanoma.
The Effect of Lubricating Oil Parameters on PC-1 Type Heavy Duty Performance (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">For the past thirty years heavy duty diesel oil performance has been defined by the API CD category type tests. During this time the trend in CD oils has been toward lower ash and lower TBN. This has been largely due to the performance improvements of ashless components which now form a major part of today's HD formulations. PC-1 type category testing indicates that ashless components will continue to be effective in meeting these higher heavy duty diesel targets. As a result, lower ash PC-1 type formulations are feasible.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Oils have been developed using the dynamometer engine tests currently being worked with to define PC-1 to meet the target of improved oil consumption. These oils are also showing similar advantages in field performance testing over current CD/SF quality lubricants.</div>
A sensor-based dual-arm tele-robotic manipulation platform (2013)

This paper presents a novel telerobotic framework for human-directed dual-arm manipulation. Current telerobotic systems typically involve a single robot arm commanded by human through a joystick or a master arm. In contrast, our system involves a dual-arm robot manipulating a held object through human gestures without any mechanical coupling. Our experiment involves an industrial robot consisting of a torso, two seven degree-of-freedom arms, and two three-finger hands. We use the existing industrial robot controller, and only modify the position setpoint in the outer loop. The human interfaces to the robot using a set of gesture vocabulary. During object manipulation, the human gesture is interpreted as the desired configuration of the object. The robot performs autonomous vision-based target identification and alignment, grasp selection and force control, to ensure stable and robust object manipulation, with no demand on human for stable grasping. The heterogeneous components of the system are integrated through Robot Raconteur, a distributed communication and control software system. The system interfaces easily to powerful analysis and visualization tools, facilitating rapid algorithm development and prototyping. We envision that the integrated architecture will serve as the foundation for versatile, robust, and safe human-robot collaboration in increasingly complex sensing and manipulation tasks.
Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Mediates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Communication and Promotes Renal Fibrosis (2012)

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is a developmental signal cascade that plays an essential role in regulating embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Here, we investigated the potential role of Shh signaling in renal interstitial fibrogenesis. Ureteral obstruction induced Shh, predominantly in the renal tubular epithelium of the fibrotic kidneys. Using Gli1(lacZ) knock-in mice, we identified renal interstitial fibroblasts as Shh-responding cells. In cultured renal fibroblasts, recombinant Shh protein activated Gli1 and induced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin, fibronectin, and collagen I expression, suggesting that Shh signaling promotes myofibroblast activation and matrix production. Blockade of Shh signaling with cyclopamine abolished the Shh-mediated induction of Gli1, Snail1, α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen I. In vivo, the kidneys of Gli1-deficient mice were protected against the development of interstitial fibrosis after obstructive injury. In wild-type mice, cyclopamine did not affect renal Shh expression but did inhibit induction of Gli1, Snail1, and α-SMA. In addition, cyclopamine reduced matrix expression and mitigated fibrotic lesions. These results suggest that tubule-derived Shh mediates epithelial-mesenchymal communication by targeting interstitial fibroblasts after kidney injury. We conclude that Shh/Gli1 signaling plays a critical role in promoting fibroblast activation, production of extracellular matrix, and development of renal interstitial fibrosis.
SAMON: communication, cooperation and learning of mobile autonomous robotic agents (2003)

The Applied Research Laboratory Penn State University "Ocean SAmpling MObile network" (SAMON) Project is developing the simulation testbed for the oceanographic communities interactions through the Web interface and the simulation based design of Autonomous Ocean Sampling Program missions. In this paper, a current implementation of the SAMON is presented, and a formal model based on interactive automata is described. The basic model is extended by process algebra constructs to handle mobility, evolution and learning. To allow cooperation of heterogeneous vehicles a generic behavior message-passing language is presented.
One of the boys: female fans’ responses to the masculine and phallocentric nature of football stadiums in Zimbabwe (2014)

Studies of football fandom from across the world all highlight masculine and misogynistic tendencies amongst the fans, players and administrators who populate football stadiums. Domination of men's football spaces by men makes stadiums hostile environments for women who are often physically and verbally abused. This paper outlines the experiences of female fans who attend matches in Zimbabwe. It provides a nuanced analysis of female fans’ responses to the masculine and phallocentric nature of the football stadium. In Zimbabwe female fans are increasing in number, challenging the dominant belief that stadiums are no-go areas for women. Using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 40 female fans, the paper highlights how women react, negotiate and respond to misogynistic and vulgar songs and chants. This research in Zimbabwe brings to the fore the voices of female fans and how they construct the stadium experience. The paper draws from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to highlight how female fans cope with masculine nature of stadiums. Women use various strategies such as joining in the singing, remaining oblivious, sitting in quieter parts of the stadium and responding to abusers.
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase on Chromosome 10q Is a Susceptibility Gene for Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (2005)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. It is characterized by beta-amyloid (A beta) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and the degeneration of specifically vulnerable brain neurons. We observed high expression of the cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) gene in specifically vulnerable brain regions of AD patients. CH25H maps to a region within 10q23 that has been previously linked to sporadic AD. Sequencing of the 5' region of CH25H revealed three common haplotypes, CH25Hchi2, CH25Hchi3 and CH25Hchi4; CSF levels of the cholesterol precursor lathosterol were higher in carriers of the CH25Hchi4 haplotype. In 1,282 patients with AD and 1,312 healthy control subjects from five independent populations, a common variation in the vicinity of CH25H was significantly associated with the risk for sporadic AD (p = 0.006). Quantitative neuropathology of brains from elderly non-demented subjects showed brain A beta deposits in carriers of CH25Hchi4 and CH25Hchi3 haplotypes, whereas no A beta deposits were present in CH25Hchi2 carriers. Together, these results are compatible with a role of CH25Hchi4 as a putative susceptibility factor for sporadic AD; they may explain part of the linkage of chromosome 10 markers with sporadic AD, and they suggest the possibility that CH25H polymorphisms are associated with different rates of brain A beta deposition.
Mouse models to study angiogenesis in the context of cardiovascular diseases (2009)

Pathological angiogenesis is a hallmark of various ischemic diseases (insufficient vessel growth) but also of cancer and metastasis, inflammatory diseases, blindness, psoriasis or arthritis (excessive angiogenesis). In response to ischemia (reduced blood flow and oxygen supply), new blood vessels form in order to compensate for the lack of perfusion. This natural process could protect them from the consequences of atherosclerotic diseases (myocardial angina, infarction, hindlimb arteriopathy or stroke). However, neovessel formation is altered in many patients. A better understanding of the mechanisms of functional vessel formation is a pre-requisite to improving the treatment of ischemic pathologies. To this end, it is essential to create easily accessible animal models in which vessel formation can be both manipulated and studied. In this review, we will describe different angiogenic mouse models in the context of cardiovascular diseases, either in an ischemic context (hindlimb ischemia, heart ischemia, skin model) or in a non-ischemic context (plug and eye assay, wound healing, ovarian model). We will also discuss quantitative techniques for assessing angiogenesis in these assays.
Investigation of Basal Plane Dislocations in the 4H-SiC Epilayers Grown on {0001} Substrates (2005)

In this paper, we investigated the density of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) in 4H-SiC epilayers grown on (0001) and (000-1). Re-polishing of the substrate surface, in-situ H2 etching and off-cut angle were found to influence the propagation of BPDs into the epilayers. The epitaxial growth on (000-1) substrates yields a relatively low density of BPDs compared to growth on (0001). The electrical characteristics of pn diodes were also investigated, and the suppressed forward degradation and high-voltage blocking performance were obtained in the use of the (000-1) epilayers.
The Development of Novel Near-Infrared (NIR) Tetraarylazadipyrromethene Fluorescent Dyes (2013)

Novel structures of an near-infrared (NIR) tetraarylazadipyrromethene (aza-BODIPY) series have been prepared. We designed the core structure containing two amido groups at the para-position of the aromatic rings. The amido group was incorporated to secure insensitivity to pH and to ensure a bathochromic shift to the NIR region. Forty members of aza-BODIPY compounds were synthesized by substitution of the acetyl group with commercial amines on the alpha bromide. The physicochemical properties and photostability were investigated and the fluorescence emission maxima (745~755 nm) were found to be in the near infrared (NIR) range of fluorescence.
Phosphorus-Boron Interaction in Nickel-Base Superalloys (1996)

The effect of B on the properties of superalloys has been known for many years and is well documented in the literature. There is, however, very little published information on the effect of P content in Ni-base superalloys. This paper describes the results of an experimental program to study the effects of P content in Allvac 718 and Waspaloy, particularly as it interacts with B content.
Extraction of previously deployed stent by an entrapped cutting balloon due to the blade fracture (2002)

During treatment for in-stent restenosis, entrapment of cutting balloon occurred because of the blade fracture. Removal of the balloon caused stent extraction, inducing acute occlusion of the coronary artery. Application of cutting balloon for in-stent restenosis requires every caution against such type of complications.
Real-time 3D shape measurement system based on single structure light pattern (2010)

The objective of this paper is to propose a robust one shot structured light pattern for real time 3D shape inspection system. To reduce the influence of inspected part reflectance property and ambient light, the pattern is constructed by using monochromatic light. The corner of the chessboard is utilized as the primitive of the pattern since it can provide highly accurate position. Additionally, the orientation of the corner is used to encode the primitive of the pattern. Compared with ordinary two dimensional patterns, the pattern is developed in one dimension, along the epipolar line so that the search of the corresponding pixels between the projector and the camera is speeded up. Last, experiments were conducted to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the inspection system using the proposed pattern. The results demonstrate that the system has high accuracy performance.
Skeletal defects in<i>ringelschwanz</i>mutant mice reveal that Lrp6 is required for proper somitogenesis and osteogenesis (2004)

Here, we present evidence that Lrp6, a coreceptor for Wnt ligands, is required for the normal formation of somites and bones. By positional cloning, we demonstrate that a novel spontaneous mutation ringelschwanz (rs) in the mouse is caused by a point mutation in Lrp6, leading to an amino acid substitution of tryptophan for the evolutionarily conserved residue arginine at codon 886 (R886W). We show that rs is a hypomorphic Lrp6 allele by a genetic complementation test with Lrp6-null mice, and that the mutated protein cannot efficiently transduce signals through the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Homozygous rs mice, many of which are remarkably viable, exhibit a combination of multiple Wnt-deficient phenotypes, including dysmorphologies of the axial skeleton, digits and the neural tube. The establishment of the anteroposterior somite compartments, the epithelialization of nascent somites, and the formation of segment borders are disturbed in rs mutants, leading to a characteristic form of vertebral malformations, similar to dysmorphologies in individuals suffering from spondylocostal dysostosis. Marker expression study suggests that Lrp6 is required for the crosstalk between the Wnt and notch-delta signaling pathways during somitogenesis. Furthermore, the Lrp6 dysfunction in rs leads to delayed ossification at birth and to a low bone mass phenotype in adults. Together, we propose that Lrp6 is one of the key genetic components for the pathogenesis of vertebral segmentation defects and of osteoporosis in humans.
States of Biological Components in Bacteria and Bacteriophages during Inactivation by Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharges (2008)

Abstract Atmospheric DBD has been applied to the wet state of Escherichia coli and bacteriophage‐ λ . Upon DBD treatment, both E.coli and λ phage were immediately inactivated. The states of different biological components were monitored during the course of inactivation. Only minor and slow degradation of proteins, DNA, and membranes was observed, a remarkable degradation was seen only after the completion of sterilization. Analysis of GFP recombinantly introduced into E.coli cells proved that the DBD has a prominent protein denaturation activity without affecting peptide bonds. The irreversible denaturation of proteins, seen in the early stage of DBD application, may play a central role in inactivation of both the bacteria and bacteriophages. magnified image
In pursuit of the functions of the <i>Wnt</i> family of developmental regulators: Insights from <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (1993)

Wnts are a recently described family of secreted glycoproteins related to the Drosophila segment polarity gene, wingless, and to the proto-oncogene, int-1. Wnts are thought to function as developmental modulators, with signalling distances of only a few cell diameters. In Xenopus, at least six Wnts, including Xwnts-1, -3A, and -4, are expressed initially in the developing central nervous system, with some regions expressing multiple Xwnts. Xwnt-8 is expressed by mid-blastula stage, in ventral and lateral mesoderm. Xwnt-5A mRNAs are stored in the egg, and later are expressed throughout the embryo in both ectoderm and mesoderm, but with a pronounced enrichment in the head and tail. Recent studies in Xenopus have pursued the diverse roles of Xwnts in early development, the mechanisms by which Xwnts signal information between cells, and the cell physiological responses to Xwnt signals.
Dissolution and Characterization of Boron Nitride Nanotubes in Superacid (2017)

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are of interest for their unique combination of high tensile strength, high electrical resistivity, high neutron cross section, and low reactivity. The fastest route to employing these properties in composites and macroscopic articles is through solution processing. However, dispersing BNNTs without functionalization or use of a surfactant is challenging. We show here by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy that BNNTs spontaneously dissolve in chlorosulfonic acid as disentangled individual molecules. Electron energy loss spectroscopy of BNNTs dried from the solution confirms preservation of the sp<sup>2</sup> hybridization for boron and nitrogen, eliminating the possibility of BNNT functionalization or damage. The length and diameter of the BNNTs was statistically calculated to be ∼4.5 μm and ∼4 nm, respectively. Interestingly, bent or otherwise damaged BNNTs are filled by chlorosulfonic acid. Additionally, nanometer-sized synthesis byproducts, including boron nitride clusters, isolated single and multilayer hexagonal boron nitride, and boron particles, were identified. Dissolution in superacid provides a route for solution processing BNNTs without altering their chemical structure.