gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shaped Charge Liner Early Collapse Experiment Execution and Validation (2014)

Abstract A novel experiment developed for researching the initial collapse of an aluminum shaped charge liner was designed, executed, and validated. The experiment evolved from the need to recover shocked liner material to enable the analysis of relationships between microstructure and early liner collapse behavior. The research required material that had been shocked, yet was sufficiently intact to allow for metallurgical examination. Additionally, the experiment was designed to replicate the unique shock loading of shaped charge liners. Practically, the experiment had to be inexpensive to perform. The paper describes the experimental design, execution and validation and presents practical examples of the utility of the output. The experimental design is based on recreating a unique shock front, halting the deformation within a few microseconds and recovering material suitable for examination. Validation of the experiment employs a combination of available hydrocode modeling data and shaped charge liner collapse theory. The data collection supporting the validation was performed with computed tomography (CT) and laser generated 3D imagery. The output is recovered material valid for study.
Liquid phase ion mobility spectrometry (2011)

A novel analytical method, called Liquid Phase Ion Mobility Spectrometry (LiPIMS) was demonstrated, where aqueous phase analytes were ionized and introduced into non-aqueous liquids, transported by an external electric field from the point of generation to a collection electrode. Ions were produced from a unique liquid phase ionization process, called Electrodispersion Ionization. Spectra of analyte ions illustrated the potential of LiPIMS as a new separation technique. Experimental data showed that electrodispersion ionization was effective in generating nanoampere level of ion current in hexane and benzene from aqueous samples. By controlling the ionization voltage in relation to the sample flow rate, it was possible to operate the electrodispersion ionization source in both continuous and pulsed ionization modes. Unique LiPIMS spectra of aqueous samples of tetramethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide and bradykinin were presented and their respected liquid phase ion mobility values were determined.
Closed-loop adaptive-optics system with a liquid-crystal television as a phase retarder (1995)

We present a closed-loop adaptive-optics system that uses a liquid-crystal television (LCTV) as a phase retarder. The system consists of a LCTV inserted into one leg of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer so that one measures the wave-front function by analyzing the interferogram using a video CCD camera and a computer and corrects the wave-front distortion by placing the conjugate function on the LCTV. Experimental results are presented.
Bruton's tyrosine kinase is a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer (2015)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has mainly been studied in haematopoietic cells. We have investigated whether BTK is a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer. We find that BTK is expressed in prostate cells, with the alternate BTK-C isoform predominantly expressed in prostate cancer cells and tumors. This isoform is transcribed from an alternative promoter and results in a protein with an amino-terminal extension. Prostate cancer cell lines and prostate tumors express more BTK-C transcript than the malignant NAMALWA B-cell line or human lymphomas. BTK protein expression is also observed in tumor tissue from prostate cancer patients. Down regulation of this protein with RNAi or inhibition with BTK-specific inhibitors, Ibrutinib, AVL-292 or CGI-1746 decrease cell survival and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Microarray results show that inhibiting BTK under these conditions increases expression of apoptosis related genes, while overexpression of BTK-C is associated with elevated expression of genes with functions related to cell adhesion, cytoskeletal structure and the extracellular matrix. These results are consistent with studies that show that BTK signaling is important for adhesion and migration of B cells and suggest that BTK-C may confer similar properties to prostate cancer cells. Since BTK-C is a survival factor for these cells, it represents both a potential biomarker and novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
Quantitative SD-OCT Imaging Biomarkers as Indicators of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression (2014)

Our results demonstrate the potential ability of our model to identify those AMD patients at risk of progressing to exudative AMD from an early or intermediate stage.
SENSITIVE MEASURES OF CONDITION CHANGE IN EEG DATA (2000)

We present a new, robust, model-independent technique for measuring condition change in nonlinear data. We define indicators of condition change by comparing distribution functions (DF) defined on the attractor for time windowed data sets via L{sub 1}-distance and {chi}{sup 2} statistics. The new measures are applied to EEG data with the objective of detecting the transition between non-seizure and epileptic brain activity in an accurate and timely manner. We find a clear superiority of the new metrics in comparison to traditional nonlinear measures as discriminators of condition change.
The role of neurokinin B in pre-eclampsia (2001)

Pre-eclampsia, a life-threatening disease unique to pregnancy, has been called a disease of theories. To date, there has been no widely accepted predictive test or therapeutic intervention to prevent or delay pre-eclampsia. The discovery of a new placental hormone, neurokinin B, may finally help to answer some of the past mysteries.
Breast tomosynthesis reconstruction with a multi-beam x-ray source (2009)

As a new three-dimensional breast imaging technique, breast tomosynthesis allows the reconstruction of an arbitrary set of planes in the breast from a limited-angle series of x-ray projection images. The breast tomosynthesis technique has been demonstrated as promising to improve early breast cancer detection. This paper represents a preliminary phantom study and computer simulation results of different breast tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithms with a novel carbon nanotube based multi-beam x-ray source. Five representative tomosynthesis reconstruction algorithms, including back projection (BP), filtered back projection (FBP), matrix inversion tomosynthesis (MITS), maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM), and simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) were investigated. Tomosynthesis projection images of a phantom were acquired with the stationary multi-beam x-ray tomosynthesis system. Reconstruction results from different algorithms were studied. A computer simulation study was further done to investigate the sharpness of reconstructed in-plane structures and to see how effective each algorithm is at removing out-of-plane blur with parallel-imaging geometries. Datasets with 9 and 25 projection images of a defined 3D spherical object were simulated with a total view angle of 50 degrees. Results showed that the multi-beam x-ray system is capable to generate 3D tomosynthesis images with faster speed compared with current commercial prototype systems. With simulated parallel-imaging geometry, MITS and FBP showed edge enhancement in-plane performance. BP, FBP and MLEM performed better at out-of-plane structure removal with larger number of projection images.
Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry at the Cyclotron Frequency (2017)

The phenomenon of ion cyclotron resonance allows for determining mass-to-charge ratio, m/z, of an ensemble of ions by means of measurements of their cyclotron frequency, ω <sub>c</sub> . In Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), the ω <sub>c</sub> quantity is usually unavailable for direct measurements: the resonant state is located close to the reduced cyclotron frequency (ω<sub>+</sub>), whereas the ω <sub>c</sub> and the corresponding m/z values may be calculated via theoretical derivation from an experimental estimate of the ω<sub>+</sub> quantity. Here, we describe an experimental observation of a new resonant state, which is located close to the ω <sub>c</sub> frequency and is established because of azimuthally-dependent trapping electric fields of the recently developed ICR cells with narrow aperture detection electrodes. We show that in mass spectra, peaks close to ω<sub>+</sub> frequencies can be reduced to negligible levels relative to peaks close to ω <sub>c</sub> frequencies. Due to reduced errors with which the ω <sub>c</sub> quantity is obtained, the new resonance provides a means of cyclotron frequency measurements with precision greater than that achieved when ω<sub>+</sub> frequency peaks are employed. The described phenomenon may be considered for a development into an FT-ICR MS technology with increased mass accuracy for applications in basic research, life, and environmental sciences. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
VoCCN (2009)

A variety of proposals call for a new Internet architecture focused on retrieving content by name, but it has not been clear that any of these approaches are general enough to support Internet applications like real-time streaming or email. We present a detailed description of a prototype implementation of one such application -- Voice over IP (VoIP) -- in a content-based paradigm. This serves as a good example to show how content-based networking can offer advantages for the full range of Internet applications, if the architecture has certain key properties.
Economic Optimization of Broiler Production (1986)

ABSTRACT Aprocedure to maximize economic return from broiler production was developed. This procedure formed the basis for an optimizing system that yields optimal economic return for any given housing type and arbitrary outside temperature variations. The optimization procedure begins after an initial 21 day brooding period. The method is dynamic, providing an inside set point temperature for current environmental and economic conditions. Several methods of optimization were investigated demonstrating the need to identify the appropriate unit of optimization ($/bird/unit time or $/unit weight of bird produced). The optimizing system was used for simulations over a broad range of outside temperautre, and three housing types, to evaluate its potention for savings. Minimum savings predicted were on the order of 0.5 cent/kg of liveweight produced with savings exceeding 2.5 cents/kg being predicted when compared to some management methods currently in use. It was clearly established that the optimal economic temperature depends on housing type and current outside temperature. Since current management methods use fixed sets of operating recommendations, this precludes their capability to provide maximum economic return. This paper represents the first time that a method has been presented that will control animal environment on a continuous basis to optimize economic return.
High gain, high power Nd3+ fiber laser at 1427 nm (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. W. Dawson, P. H. Pax, G. S. Allen, D. R. Drachenberg, V. V. Khitrov, L. S. Kiani, N. Schenkel, and M. J. Messerly, "High gain, high power Nd3+ fiber laser at 1427 nm," in Lasers Congress 2016 (ASSL, LSC, LAC), OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper ATu6A.5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Get Video Citation alert Save article
Optical measurement of a micro coriolis mass flow sensor (2009)

Haneveld [1,2] demonstrated a micro Coriolis mass flow sensor, operating in the measurement range of 0 to 1 g/hr achieving a resolution in the order of 10 mg/hr using a laser vibrometer. Equipped with an integrated capacitive [3] readout the measurement uncertainty amounted to 2% of the full scale range. We demonstrate a down-scalable and low-cost optical sensor system that measures the movement of the micro Coriolis mass flow tube with a high resolution. The noise level is measured to be 6 mg/hr at a 3s confidence interval.
Ultrasensitive, Mechanically Responsive Optical Metasurfaces <i>via</i> Strain Amplification (2018)

Optical metasurfaces promise ultrathin, lightweight, miniaturized optical components with outstanding capabilities to manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light compared to conventional, bulk optics. The emergence of reconfigurable metasurfaces further integrates dynamic tunability with optical functionalities. Here, we report a structurally reconfigurable, optical metasurface constructed by integrating a plasmonic lattice array in the gap between a pair of symmetric microrods that serve to locally amplify the strain created on an elastomeric substrate by an external mechanical stimulus. The strain on the metasurface is amplified by a factor of 1.5-15.9 relative to the external strain by tailoring the microrod geometry. For the highest strain amplification geometry, the mechano-sensitivity of the optical responses of the plasmonic lattice array is a factor of 10 greater than that of state-of-the-art stretchable plasmonic resonator arrays. The spatial arrangement and therefore the optical response of the plasmonic lattice array are reversible, showing little hysteresis.
A Kinesthetic Washout Filter for Force-Feedback Rendering (2014)

Today haptic feedback can be designed and associated to audiovisual content (haptic-audiovisuals or HAV). Although there are multiple means to create individual haptic effects, the issue of how to properly adapt such effects on force-feedback devices has not been addressed and is mostly a manual endeavor. We propose a new approach for the haptic rendering of HAV, based on a washout filter for force-feedback devices. A body model and an inverse kinematics algorithm simulate the user's kinesthetic perception. Then, the haptic rendering is adapted in order to handle transitions between haptic effects and to optimize the amplitude of effects regarding the device capabilities. Results of a user study show that this new haptic rendering can successfully improve the HAV experience.
Dynamic Holographic Method of Imaging Phase Objects (1986)

We describe a new method of imaging phase objects using real-time dynamic holography. In the first step of this process, a volume hologram is produced in a single crystal of barium titanate by a coherent light beam being directed through a thin phase-distortion plate and then into the crystal. After the volume hologram forms, a second beam of short duration is sent into the crystal where it scatters off the hologram, producing a back-scattered beam. This beam, which is the phase conjugate of the original beam that produced the hologram, then passes through the phase-distortion plate after the plate has been shifted a small distance in a direction normal to the optical axis. This shift results in an imperfect removal of the phase aberration [1,2,3] in the back-propagating beam and hence, produces intensity variations in the optical field beyond the plate. These are images which show gradients in the phase object’s optical path length which occur along the direction of the shift. Although in principle these images can be obtained using the methods of off-axis holography, the process we use has no equivalent in conventional holography. In particular, by employing the self-phase-conjugating phenomenon in barium titanate [4,5,6] we are able to use a single beam and the rather simple arrangement shown in figure 1 to generate gradient images of different phase objects.
Identification of an Expressed Truncated Form of CD200, CD200tr, which is a Physiologic Antagonist of CD200-Induced Suppression (2008)

Taken together our data support the hypothesis that an expressed splice variant of CD200, CD200tr, is a physiologic antagonist of CD200.
Evaluation of a Novel Reporter Virus Neutralization Test for Serological Diagnosis of Zika and Dengue Virus Infection (2017)

Currently, the laboratory diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is primarily through the detection of ZIKV RNA or antibodies against ZIKV proteins. The detection of viral RNA is highly sensitive and specific, but periods of viremia and viruria are brief, limiting the utility of ZIKV RNA assays. Instead, most ZIKV infections are diagnosed serologically, using an IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) for screening, followed by a confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Typical turnaround times vary, due to assay incubation periods and a lack of clinical laboratories performing these tests. Recently, a novel luciferase-ZIKV- and -dengue virus (DENV)-based serological assay, which considerably improves the turnaround times and throughput for ZIKV diagnosis, was described. Using the traditional PRNT as a reference method, we evaluated the performance characteristics of the reporter virus neutralization test (RVNT) with 258 clinical serum specimens. The ZIKV RVNT produced primary ZIKV screening and secondary confirmation results in 4 days, with 100% reproducibility. As a screening assay, the ZIKV RVNT displayed excellent diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 98.2%, 100%, and 98.1%, respectively. As a confirmatory assay, the ZIKV RVNT titers displayed 93.1% agreement with the traditional ZIKV PRNT titers. Overall, the RVNT accurately and reliably detects neutralizing antibodies in patient serum specimens, with improved turnaround times, and can be used for the serological detection of ZIKV infections. Due to the homogeneous 96-well format, the RVNT has also significantly improved the assay throughput to allow testing of a large number of specimens in a single run.
A directed search method for test generation using a concurrent simulator (1989)

A description is given of the application of a concurrent fault simulator to automatic test vector generation. As faults are simulated in the fault simulator a cost function is simultaneously computed. A simple cost function is the distance (in terms of the number of gates and flip-flops) of a fault effect from a primary output. The input vector is then modified to reduce the cost function until a test is found. Experimental results are presented showing the effectiveness of this method in generating tests for combinational and sequential circuits. By defining suitable cost functions, it has been possible to generate: (1) initialization sequences; (2) tests for a group of faults; and (3) a test for a given fault. Even asynchronous sequential circuits can be handled by this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Marinobufagenin Levels in Preeclamptic Patients: A Preliminary Report (2011)

Preeclampsia is a disorder resulting in significant fetomaternal complications with no definitive pharmacological intervention. A bufadienolide, marinobufagenin, has been implicated in the etiology of preeclampsia. We investigated both the blood and urine levels of marinobufagenin in preeclamptic and control subjects. Preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women were recruited at various gestational age periods. Blood and urine specimens were obtained and analyzed for marinobufagenin levels and creatinine. The former determination was performed utilizing a new, novel chemifluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The marinobufagenin levels were higher in preeclamptics than in the controls in both serum and urine at various gestational age periods. Additionally, the mean level of marinobufagenin in the preeclamptic group was significantly greater than in controls in both blood and urine specimens ( P < 0.05). These data are consistent with a role for marinobufagenin in the etiology of preeclampsia. This study demonstrated comparable results in blood and urine samples. This suggests that subsequent studies on levels of marinobufagenin as a screening test for preeclampsia could be done utilizing urine samples, which are easier to obtain, less invasive, more cost-effective, and as accurate as the serological tests.
Compatibility of Nickel-Based Alloys with Supercritical Water Applications: Aging Effects on Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties (2006)

Corrosion-resistant Ni-based alloys are thought to be strong candidates as a structural material for chemical processes using supercritical water (SCW). In recent years, Cr was considered as the most important alloying element to improve corrosion resistance in SCW. However, high Cr content can cause a phase transformation in Ni-based alloys because of poor phase stability at elevated temperatures for SCW processes from 400°C up to 650°C. The change in the microstructure of the alloy can lead to degradation in corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In this study, thermal aging effects on corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of various Ni-based alloys were investigated through a corrosion test in SCW containing 0.01 mol/kg sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at 400°C/30 MPa and using Charpy impact tests. A reduction in impact toughness was observed for all the alloys tested, and the reduction in corrosion resistance was more significant for alloys with higher Cr content. The importance of susceptibility to thermal aging in materials selection for supercritical applications was discussed.
Human Metapneumovirus M2-2 Protein Inhibits Innate Cellular Signaling by Targeting MAVS (2012)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in pediatric populations globally, with no prophylactic or therapeutic measures. Recently, a recombinant hMPV lacking the M2-2 protein (rhMPV-ΔM2-2) demonstrated reduced replication in the respiratory tract of animal models, making it a promising live vaccine candidate. However, the exact nature of the interaction between the M2-2 protein and host cells that regulates viral infection/propagation is largely unknown. By taking advantage of the available reverse genetics system and ectopic expression system for viral protein, we found that M2-2 not only promotes viral gene transcription and replication but subverts host innate immunity, therefore identifying M2-2 as a novel virulence factor, in addition to the previously described hMPV G protein. Since we have shown that the RIG-I/MAVS pathway plays an important role in hMPV-induced signaling in airway epithelial cells, we investigated whether M2-2 antagonizes the host cellular responses by targeting this pathway. Reporter gene assays and coimmunoprecipitation studies indicated that M2-2 targets MAVS, an inhibitory mechanism different from what we previously reported for hMPV G, which affects RIG-I- but not MAVS-dependent gene transcription. In addition, we found that the domains of M2-2 responsible for the regulation of viral gene transcription and antiviral signaling are different. Our findings collectively demonstrate that M2-2 contributes to hMPV immune evasion through the inhibition of MAVS-dependent cellular responses.
Slim-panel holographic video display (2020)

Since its discovery almost 70 years ago, the hologram has been considered to reproduce the most realistic three dimensional images without visual side effects. Holographic video has been extensively researched for commercialization, since Benton et al. at MIT Media Lab developed the first holographic video systems in 1990. However, commercially available holographic video displays have not been introduced yet for several reasons: narrow viewing angle, bulky optics and heavy computing power. Here we present an interactive slim-panel holographic video display using a steering-backlight unit and a holographic video processor to solve the above issues. The steering-backlight unit enables to expand the viewing angle by 30 times and its diffractive waveguide architecture makes a slim display form-factor. The holographic video processor computes high quality holograms in real-time on a single-chip. We suggest that the slim-panel holographic display can provide realistic three-dimensional video in office and household environments.