gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dyskerin motif reactivates telomerase activity in X-linked dyskeratosis congenita and in telomerase-deficient human cells (2007)

Dyskerin gene is mutated in patients with X-linked dyskeratosis congenita (X-DC), which results in greatly reduced levels of telomerase activity. A genetic suppressor element (GSE) termed GSE24-2 has been isolated in a screening for cisplatin resistance. GSE24-2-expressing cells presented impaired telomerase inhibition following in vitro exposure to chemotherapies, such as cisplatin, or telomerase inhibitors. The promoter of the telomerase component hTERT was constitutively activated in GSE24-2 cells in a c-myc expression-dependent manner. Deletion analyses and mutagenesis of the human c-myc promoter demonstrated that the target sequence for activation was the nuclease hypersensitive element-III (NHEIII) site located upstream to the P1 region of the promoter. Further, expression of GSE24-2 in cell lines derived from patients with X-DC and in VA13 cells induced increased hTERT RNA and hTR levels and recovery of telomerase activity. Finally, expression of GSE24-2 was able to rescue X-DC fibroblasts from premature senescence. These data demonstrate that this domain of dyskerin plays an important role in telomerase maintenance following cell insults such as cisplatin treatment, and in telomerase-defective cells in patients with X-DC. The expression of this dyskerin fragment has a dominant function in X-DC cells and could provide the basis for a therapeutic approach to this disease.
Predicting Odor Pleasantness with an Electronic Nose (2010)

A primary goal for artificial nose (eNose) technology is to report perceptual qualities of novel odors. Currently, however, eNoses primarily detect and discriminate between odorants they previously "learned". We tuned an eNose to human odor pleasantness estimates. We then used the eNose to predict the pleasantness of novel odorants, and tested these predictions in naïve subjects who had not participated in the tuning procedure. We found that our apparatus generated odorant pleasantness ratings with above 80% similarity to average human ratings, and with above 90% accuracy at discriminating between categorically pleasant or unpleasant odorants. Similar results were obtained in two cultures, native Israeli and native Ethiopian, without retuning of the apparatus. These findings suggest that unlike in vision and audition, in olfaction there is a systematic predictable link between stimulus structure and stimulus pleasantness. This goes in contrast to the popular notion that odorant pleasantness is completely subjective, and may provide a new method for odor screening and environmental monitoring, as well as a critical building block for digital transmission of smell.
CMOS design for improved IC testability (2003)

Novel design-for-testability schemes are suggested to improve the detectability of transistor stuck-on faults, bridgings, and gate oxide shorts in CMOS digital circuits, with limited extra hardware and minimum degradation of circuit performance. One of the techniques makes analog faults detectable by observing the circuit outputs just as for stuck-ats. Also described is a technique in which the gates are modified with the insertion of n-channel FETs whose drains are the input of a ratioed NOR testing logic realized with n-channel drivers and a single resistive p-channel pull-up device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
North American Symposium on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NASLIBS): introduction to feature issue (2012)

This feature issue highlights the topics of the 2011 North American Symposium on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (NASLIBS). These include LIBS application to Security and Forensic, Biomedical and Environmental, Liquid Analysis and Fundamentals of LIBS, Instrumentation/Commercialization, Fusion with LIBS, and New Frontiers.
An Integrated Process for Biomolecule Isolation and Purification (1999)

Biomolecule isolation and purification from a fermentation broth usually involve centrifugation, filtration, adsorption, and chromatography steps. Each step contributes to the product cost and product loss. In this research, a cyclic process integrating commercially available ultrafiltration membranes and chromatographic resin beads was developed to achieve the same goal in one device. The device consisted of ion exchange beads on the shell side of a hollow fiber ultrafiltration module. Loading of proteins on the stationary phase on the shell side was carried out for a period of 5-20 min from the permeate on the shell side produced from tube-side feed in ultrafiltration. The eluent was then introduced either from the shell-side inlet or tube-side inlet; the chromatographic fractions were collected from the shell-side outlet. The column was regenerated/washed next to start a new cycle. Systems studied in this cyclic process include the following binary mixtures: myoglobin and beta-lactoglobulin; hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin; and myoglobin and alpha-lactalbumin. Excellent resolutions of the proteins were obtained. A yeast-based cellular suspension containing a mixture of myoglobin and alpha-lactalbumin was also applied to this device. The target proteins were recovered and purified successfully. The cyclic process-based device integrates clarification, concentration, and chromatographic purification of biomolecules and is suitable for both extracellular and intracellular products.
Transaldolase/Glucose-6-phosphate Isomerase Bifunctional Enzyme and Ribulokinase as Factors to Increase Xylitol Production from<scp>D</scp>-Arabitol in<i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> (2003)

Xylitol production from D-arabitol by the membrane and soluble fractions of Gluconobacter oxydans was investigated. Two proteins in the soluble fraction were found to have the ability to increase xylitol production. Both of these xylitol-increasing factors were purified, and on the basis of their NH2-terminal amino acid sequences the genes encoding both of the factors were cloned. Expression of the cloned genes in Escherichia coli showed that one of the xylitol-increasing factors is the bifunctional enzyme transaldolase/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and the other is ribulokinase. Using membrane and soluble fractions of G. oxydans, 3.8 g/l of xylitol were produced from 10 g/l D-arabitol after incubation for 40 h, and addition of purified recombinant transaldolase/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase or ribulokinase increased xylitol to 5.4 g/l respectively, confirming the identity of the xylitol-increasing factors.
Neurotropin Demonstrates Cytoprotective Effects in Lung Cells through the Induction of Thioredoxin-1 (2007)

Abstract Neurotropin, a nonprotein extract from inflamed rabbit skin inoculated with vaccinia virus, is well known as an analgesic drug, but its cytoprotective effects have not been explored. Because infection by viruses, such as human T-cell leukemia virus type I and Epstein-Barr virus, induces expression of the redox-regulating molecule, thioredoxin (TRX), we hypothesized that neurotropin would also be capable of regulating the redox balance and could be applied for the therapeutics of lung diseases caused by oxidative stress, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Neurotropin enhanced mRNA expression of the redox-regulating molecules, glutathione peroxidase and catalase and, particularly, TRX, in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Neurotropin also increased the cellular TRX content and regulated TRX release from cells. The cytoprotective effects of neurotropin against hydrogen peroxide and cigarette smoke extracts was demonstrated by an attenuation of lactate dehydrogenase release from oxidant-exposed A549 cells and the inhibition of apoptosis. This cytoprotection was linked with reduced activity of intracellular oxidants. Furthermore, neurotropin enhanced TRX expression in mouse lungs and ameliorated cigarette smoke–induced lung injury in mice, suggesting that its cytoprotective effects in lung epithelial cells are mediated through the induction of redox-regulating molecules that reduce intracellular oxidative activity.
A formalism and methodology for measurement and control of LINAC isocenter (2023)

We have presented a modular, practical framework for isocenter characterization and optimization based on physical isocenter, which is a stable and fixed reference point.
A Multi-Range Fiber-Optical Non-Contact Displacement Micrometer (2005)

A multi-fiber reflection displacement micrometer is developed. The device consists of a light source and a receiving fiber-array of identical fibers and photo detectors that detect the light reflected from the surface being measured. The differential output of each neighboring fiber pair is proportional to the surface displacement in a section of the total range. The light intensity variation of the source and the reflectance change of the surface are compensated when the differential output is divided by the summation output. A scale voltage is given to each output of neighboring fibers in order to shift each output to correspond to the actual displacement within the total range, which can be varied by selecting the number of fibers in the receiving fiber array. The micrometer offers the advantages of wide range, non-contact, no electrical interference, simplicity, and low cost. It can be used in medical experiments and laboratory instruments.
Proline catalyzed sequential α-aminooxylation or -amination/reductive cyclization of o-nitrohydrocinnamaldehydes: a high yield synthesis of chiral 3-substituted tetrahydroquinolines (2013)

A new sequential organocatalytic method for the synthesis of chiral 3-substituted (X = OH, NH2) tetrahydroquinoline derivatives (THQs) [ee up to 99%, yield up to 87%] based on α-aminooxylation or -amination followed by reductive cyclization of o-nitrohydrocinnamaldehydes has been described. This methodology has been efficiently demonstrated in the synthesis of two important bioactive molecules namely (-)-sumanirole (96% ee) and 1-[(S)-3-(dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-quinolin-1(2H)-yl]propanone (92% ee).
On the performance of the overlap-correlator synthetic-aperture technique (1991)

The overlap-correlator technique of passive synthetic-aperture array processing [S. Stergiopoulos and E. J. Sullivan, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 158–171 (1989)] is investigated. This method of providing an effective aperture greater than that of the physical array utilizes phase correction factors that are calculated by correlating overlapping space samples of the acoustic signal from successive measurements of the moving towed array. Given the criterion of minimizing the effect of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the phase correction factor error while achieving a fixed effective aperture length, the optimal overlap in number of hydrophones between these two successive measurements is derived. The conditions under which the calculated phase correction factor is equivalent to that of the desired phase correction factor are also studied.
A Probabilistic Approach to Syntax-based Reordering for Statistical Machine Translation (2007)

Inspired by previous preprocessing approaches to SMT, this paper proposes a novel, probabilistic approach to reordering which combines the merits of syntax and phrase-based SMT. Given a source sentence and its parse tree, our method generates, by tree operations, an n-best list of reordered inputs, which are then fed to standard phrase-based decoder to produce the optimal translation. Experiments show that, for the NIST MT-05 task of Chinese-to-English translation, the proposal leads to BLEU improvement of 1.56%. 1
Biological Activity of Azadirachtin., Three Derivatives., and Their Ultraviolet Radiation Degradation Products Against Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae (1989)

Azadirachtin and three of its derivatives were injected orally into mature (fifth instar) larvae of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Noctuidae). At the lowest dose tested (0.5 µg) azadirachtin, 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin, and 2′,3′,22,23-tetrahydroazadirachtin, but not 3-deacetylazadirachtin, were significantly active. At a dose of 1.0 µg, all four compounds were effective in preventing pupation of the fifth instar and in causing larval mortality. At higher doses (2.0 and 4.0 µg), all four compounds were equally effective, causing 100% larval mortality. The same four compounds were exposed to ultraviolet radiation and analyzed for structural degradation and concomitant loss of biological activity. Of the four compounds tested, 2′,3′,22,23-tetrahydroazadirachtin was the most stable to ultraviolet radiation, remaining structurally unaltered and retaining full biological activity following 200 h of exposure. 2′,3′,22,23-tetrahydroazadirachtin photo degraded by 15% following 400 h of exposure, resulting in a significant decrease in biological activity. Although very little azadirachtin, 3-deacetylazadirachtin, and 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin remained intact following only 90 h of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, all three retained full biological activity. At least 200 h of exposure to ultraviolet radiation was necessary to significantly reduce the biological activity of azadirachtin, and at least 400 h of exposure was required to reduce the biological activities of 3-deacetylazadirachtin and 22,23-dihydroazadirachtin. These results suggest that one or more of the photodegradation products, likely involving the tigloyl moiety, are at least as biologically active as the native molecules.
Improving Electrical Stability and Ideality in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors by the Addition of Fullerenes: Understanding the Working Mechanism (2017)

Electrical instability and nonideality due to undesirable electron injection are often‐encountered problems for high‐mobility organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with low‐bandgap polymer semiconductors. Due to electron trapping and the resulting accumulation of negative charges on the silicon dioxide dielectric, transfer curves deviate from ideality characteristics and double‐slopes are observed as the devices are operated for extended periods of time. One way to circumvent those is to use an electron‐acceptor additive, such as fullerene and its derivatives. This work interprets the mechanisms of how fullerene derivatives suppress electron transport and electrical instability while maintaining high hole mobility in p‐type OFETs. This study shows that hole transport of the active layer is uninterrupted upon the addition of the electron acceptors. Most importantly, the added fullerene derivatives out‐compete SiO 2 to acquire electrons that are injected into the polymers. Electrical instability and double‐slope induced from electron trapping at SiO 2 surface are thereby suppressed.
High-Performance Nanostructured Inorganic−Organic Heterojunction Solar Cells (2010)

We report all solid-state nanostructured inorganic-organic heterojunction solar cells fabricated by depositing Sb(2)S(3) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on the surface of a mesoporous TiO(2) layer, where Sb(2)S(3) acts as an absorbing semiconductor and P3HT acts as both a hole conductor and light absorber. These inorganic-organic light harvesters perform remarkably well with a maximum incident-photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) of 80% and power conversion efficiency of 5.13% under air-mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G) illumination with the intensity of 100 mW cm(-2). These devices are highly stable under room light in air, even without encapsulation. The present findings offer novel directions for achieving high-efficiency solid-state solar cells by hybridization of inorganic-organic light harvesters and hole transporters.
A class of silicon micromachined metasurface for the design of high-gain terahertz antennas (2016)

We explore the use of a class of metasurface (MTS), which consists of metalized cylinders arranged in a square lattice and placed on a ground plane, for the realization of antennas at terahertz (THz) frequencies. This MTS is particularly appropriate for being micromachined out of a silicon wafer by means of deep reactive ion etching (DRIE).
Provenance query evaluation (2009)

While provenance has been extensively studied in the literature, the efficient evaluation of provenance queries remains an open problem. Traditional query optimization techniques, like the use of general-purpose indexes, or the materialization of provenance data, fail on different fronts to address the problem. Therefore, the need to develop provenance-aware access methods becomes apparent. This paper starts by identifying some key requirements that are to a large extent specific to provenance queries and are necessary for their efficient evaluation. The first such property, called duality, requires that a single access method is used to evaluate both backward provenance queries (which input items of some analysis generate an output item) and forward provenance queries (which outputs of some analysis does an input item generate). The second property, called locality, guarantees that provenance query evaluation times should depend mainly on the size of the provenance query results and should be largely independent of the total size of provenance data. Motivated by the above, we identify proper data structures with the aforementioned properties, we implement them, and through a detailed set of experiments, we illustrate their effectiveness on the evaluation of provenance queries.
Recovery of AIDS-Associated Retroviruses from Patients with AIDS or AIDS-Related Conditions and from Clinically Healthy Individuals (1985)

Lymphocytopathic retroviruses have been recovered from the peripheral mononuclear cells of over 160 individuals in all segments of the population known to be at risk for developing AIDS. They have not been isolated from individuals coming from outside the risk groups. Virus has been cultured from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related conditions and from clinically healthy individuals. Some of these AIDS-associated retroviruses (ARV) have been selected to be studied for differences in biologic and molecular features. The results support the role of this virus in AIDS and its associated diseases.
Sorbents for mercury removal from flue gas (1998)

A review of the various promoters and sorbents examined for the removal of mercury from flue gas is presented. Commercial sorbent processes are described along with the chemistry of the various sorbent-mercury interactions. Novel sorbents for removing mercury from flue gas are suggested. Since activated carbons are expensive, alternate sorbents and/or improved activated carbons are needed. Because of their lower cost, sorbent development work can focus on base metal oxides and halides. Additionally, the long-term sequestration of the mercury on the sorbent needs to be addressed. Contacting methods between the flue gas and the sorbent also merit investigation.
Detection of interproximal demineralized lesions on human teeth in vitro using frequency-domain infrared photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (2007)

Frequency-domain photothermal radiometry (FD-PTR or PTR) is used to detect mechanical holes and demineralized enamel in the interproximal contact area of extracted human teeth. Thirty-four teeth are used in a series of experiments. Preliminary tests to detect mechanical holes created by dental burs and 37% phosphoric acid etching for 20 s on the interproximal contact points show distinct differences in the signal. Interproximal contact areas are demineralized by using a partially saturated acidic buffer system. Each sample pair is examined with PTR before and after micromachining or treating at sequential treatment periods spanning 6 h to 30 days. Dental bitewing radiographs showed no sign of demineralized lesion even for samples treated for 30 days. Microcomputer tomography (micro-CT), transverse microradiography (TMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses are performed. Although micro-CT and TMR measured mineral losses and lesion depths, only SEM surface images showed visible signs of treatment because of the minimal extent of the demineralization. However, the PTR amplitude increased by more than 300% after 80 h of treatment. Therefore, PTR is shown to have sufficient contrast for the detection of very early interproximal demineralized lesions. The technique further exhibits excellent signal reproducibility and consistent signal changes in the presence of interproximal demineralized lesions, attributes that could lead to PTR as a reliable probe to detect early interproximal demineralization lesions. Modulated luminescence is also measured simultaneously, but it shows a lower ability than PTR to detect these interproximal demineralized lesions.
Multi-antenna techniques for enabling passive RFID tags and sensors at microwave frequencies (2012)

Multi-antenna techniques are typically avoided in passive RFID because of the large footprints required. However, the smaller footprints required at microwave frequencies such as the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band allow the use of multiple antennas. Two new multi-antenna technologies are featured in this paper to provide power and communications to a passive wireless tag in the 5.8 GHz ISM band. A four-layer FR-4 PCB is presented, which uses a staggered-pattern charge collector (SPCC) and a retrodirective array phase modulator (RAPM). An SPCC is an energy harvester that has two independent antenna arrays. These arrays provide increased gain and beamwidth over a single-antenna source. A RAPM backscatters the reader-transmitted signal directly back to the reader and provides quadrature phase-shift keyed (QPSK) signaling.
THE OPHTHALMETRON, PRINCIPLES AND OPERATION (1972)

The Ophthalmetron is an electro-optical instrument designed to determine the refractive state of an eye. The output is in the form of a graph which gives the refractive state for each meridian. The principle upon which its operation is based is described, and illustrations of its components and graphical output are shown.
AN ANTIGENIC POLYPEPTIDE FRAGMENT ISOLATED FROM TETANUS TOXIN: CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION, BINDING TO GANGLIOSIDES AND RETROGRADE AXONAL TRANSPORT IN VARIOUS NEURON SYSTEMS (1977)

Abstract— The isolation and purification of an antigenic polypeptide fragment from tetanus toxin is described. The main physico‐chemical, chemical, immunological, and pharmacological characteristics of this fragment, designated as B‐II b fraction, are reported. It is a polypeptide with a molecular weight close to 46,000. Its amino acid composition is on the whole comparable with that of the toxin. It contains one disulphide link and two free sulphhydryl groups which are not directly available for reaction. Tyrosine and lysine were found to be the two N ‐terminal groups. However, that B‐II b fraction has a subchain structure is still to be demonstrated. There is some evidence that B‐II b fraction may consist of ‘isofragments’. This toxin fragment shows a cross‐reaction with intact toxin and a specific flocculating activity of about three times that of the latter. In contrast, however, B‐II b fraction exhibits a specific toxicity approximately one hundred thousand times lower than the intact toxin. Although practically atoxic, this toxin fragment is still able to bind to gangliosides with an affinity which is even greater than that of the toxin. It is also capable of migrating towards the central nervous system by a mechanism of retrograde axonal transport as shown in peripheral adrenergic, sensory and motoneurons. These unique features of B‐II b fraction are discussed in relation to the use of such fragments both for competing in vivo with the attachment of the toxin in the central nervous system and for specifically carrying therapeutic and pharmacological drugs into the central nervous system by neural route.