gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct estimation of multiple disparities for transparent multiple surfaces in binocular stereo (2002)

A closed-form single-shot stereo disparity estimation algorithm is proposed that can compute multiple disparities due to transparency directly from signal differences and variations on epipolar lines of a binocular image pair. The transparent stereo constraint equations have been derived by using a novel mathematical technique, the principle of superposition. A computationally tractable single-shot algorithm is derived by using the first-order approximation of the constraint equations with respect to disparities. The algorithm can compute multiple disparities from only two images, in contrast to the previous algorithms for motion transparency, which needed at least n+1 frames for n simultaneous motion estimates. The derived algorithm can be viewed as the SSD (sum of squared differences) for signal matching extended to deal with multiple disparities. However, the constraints are not dedicated solely to the SSD method and several other implementations are possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Loose tweets (2011)

Twitter has become one of the most popular microblogging sites for people to broadcast (or "tweet") their thoughts to the world in 140 characters or less. Since these messages are available for public consumption, one may expect these tweets not to contain private or incriminating information. Nevertheless we observe a large number of users who unwittingly post sensitive information about themselves and other people for whom there may be negative consequences. While some awareness exists of such privacy issues on social networks such as Twitter and Facebook, there has been no quantitative, scientific study addressing this problem.
Facile Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] (Spinel) Exhibiting Fast Li Insertion (2002)

Nanocrystalline (spinel) was prepared via a sol-gel route employing lithium ethoxide and Ti(IV) alkoxides as the starting reagents. The optimized materials contained less than 1% of anatase as the main impurity and, depending on the synthetic conditions, they exhibited the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas of Trace amounts of anatase in were conveniently determined by cyclic voltammetry of Li insertion. The lattice constant of the thus-prepared nanocrystalline was between 0.8297 and 0.8340 nm. After hydrothermal growth for 10 h at the lattice constant increased to 0.8366 nm. Thin-film electrodes (2-4 μm) from nanocrystalline exhibited excellent activity toward Li insertion, even at charging rates as high as 250C. This behavior compares favorably with that of microcrystalline made by the usual high temperature solid-state synthesis. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Cronbach's Alpha: A Tool for Assessing the Reliability of Scales (1999)

Summated scales are often used in survey instruments to probe underlying constructs that the researcher wants to measure. These may consist of indexed responses to dichotomous or multi-point questionnaires, which are later summed to arrive at a resultant score associated with a particular respondent. Usually, development of such scales is not the end of the research itself, but rather a means to gather predictor variables for use in objective models. However, the question of reliability rises as the function of scales is stretched to encompass the realm of prediction. One of the most popular reliability statistics in use today is Cronbach's alpha (Cronbach, 1951). Cronbach's alpha determines the internal consistency or average correlation of items in a survey instrument to gauge its reliability. This paper will illustrate the use of the ALPHA option of the PROC CORR procedure from SAS(R) to assess and improve upon the reliability of variables derived from summated scales.
Design and implementation of an open circuit voltage prediction mechanism for lithium-ion battery systems (2014)

This paper describes an open circuit voltage (OCV) prediction technique for lithium cells. The work contains an investigation to examine the charge and mixed state relaxation voltage curves, to analyse the potential for the OCV prediction technique in a practical system. The underlying principal of the technique described in this paper employs a simple equation paired with a polynomial to predict the equilibrated cell voltage after a small rest period. The polynomial coefficients are devised by the use of curve fitting and system identification techniques. The practical work detailed in this paper was conducted at the Centre for Automotive and Power System Engineering (CAPSE) battery laboratories at the University of South Wales. The results indicate that the proposed OCV prediction technique is highly effective and may be implemented with a simple battery management system.
Reaction of Fischer alkynylcarbene complexes with 1-azadiene derivatives: unexpected formation of 3,4-dihydropyridines (2001)

4-Amino-1-azabutadienes 2 underwent [3 + 3] cyclization with Fischer alkynylcarbene complexes of chromium and tungsten 1 to furnish high yields of substituted 3,4-dihydropyridines 3. The expected pyridine ring formation, which would result from cyclization/aromatization, does not take place. The process is thought to involve a 1,2-imidoyl group shift triggered by a 1,2-metal pentacarbonyl shift as the more characteristic steps. An X-ray diffraction experiment supports the proposed structure for the dihydropyridines.
Mortality among Finnish Doctors, 1953–1972 (1979)

The mortality with respect to the total population of Finnish physicians during the period 1953 to 1972 has been analysed and compared with the corresponding statistics for the general Finnish population, for Finnish foundry workers, and for American physicians. It was found that the overall mortality was lower for male physicians than that for the general population or for foundry workers, but was clearly higher than that for American physicians. Male physicians did not exhibit any major differences from the general population with regard to cardiovascular diseases and suicide, but had a lower mortality from malignant neoplasms, accidents and "other diseases" (including infectious diseases). The explanation of cancer mortality being lower than expected among male physicians was mainly to be found in a deficit in lung cancer. Although female physicians had higher life expectancy than male physicians and the female general Finnish population, they did not show any clear deficit for cancer. In respect of all specialists, surgical specialists had the lowest mortality; general practitioners had the highest mortality. Most of these variations were attributable to differences in coronary mortality, but mortality from lung cancer was also remarkably low among surgeons. Differences of a similar type were also found between occupational sub-categories; private practitioners had the highest, and research workers and central hospital physicians the lowest mortality figures. The lower cancer mortality among male physicians, as contrasted with the general population, is probably attributable to differences in smoking habits; about 22% of male physicians smoked in 1973, whereas earlier studies by others have indicated that the corresponding proportion was about 50% in the general population. In contrast, the differences in mortality between different specialist categories probably arises from other factors, since Finnish physicians reportedly display a relatively homogeneous smoking pattern.
Evidence for secondary thrombotic microangiopathy in COVID-19 (2020)

The causes of coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 disease are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between markers of endothelial activation, intravascular hemolysis, coagulation, and organ damage in COVID-19 patients and study their association with disease severity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective study of 181 hospitalized COVID-19 patients randomly selected with equal distribution of survivors and non-survivors. Patients who died had significantly lower ADAMTS13 activity, significantly higher LDH, schistocytes and von Willebrand Factor levels compared to patients discharged alive. Only 30% of patients with an initial ADAMTS13 activity <43% survived vs. 60% with ADAMTS13 ≥43% who survived. In conclusion, COVID-19 may manifest as a TMA-like illness in a subset of hospitalized patients. Presence of schistocytes on admission may warrant a work-up for TMA. These findings indicate the need for future investigation to study the relationship between endothelial and coagulation activation and the efficacy of TMA treatments in COVID-19.
Natural Resistance to Intracellular Infections (2000)

Mutations at the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) locus cause susceptibility to infection with antigenically unrelated intracellular pathogens. Nramp1 codes for an integral membrane protein expressed in the lysosomal compartment of macrophages, and is recruited to the membrane of phagosomes soon after the completion of phagocytosis. To define whether Nramp1 functions as a transporter at the phagosomal membrane, a divalent cation-sensitive fluorescent probe was designed and covalently attached to a porous particle. The resulting conjugate, zymosan-FF6, was ingested by macrophages and its fluorescence emission was recorded in situ after phagocytosis, using digital imaging. Quenching of the probe by Mn(2+) was used to monitor the flux of divalent cations across the phagosomal membrane in peritoneal macrophages obtained from Nramp1-expressing (+/+) and Nramp1-deficient (-/-) macrophages. Phagosomes from Nramp1(+/+) mice extrude Mn(2+) faster than their Nramp(-/-) counterparts. The difference in the rate of transport is eliminated when acidification of the phagosomal lumen is dissipated, suggesting that divalent metal transport through Nramp1 is H(+) dependent. These studies suggest that Nramp1 contributes to defense against infection by extrusion of divalent cations from the phagosomal space. Such cations are likely essential for microbial function and their removal from the phagosomal microenvironment impairs pathogenesis, resulting in enhanced bacteriostasis or bactericidal activity.
The Performance of Alternative Threading Architectures for Parallel Communication Subsystems (1998)

A communication subsystem consists of protocol tasks and operating system mechanisms that support the configuration and execution of protocol stacks composed of protocol tasks. To parallelize a communication subsystem effectively, careful consideration must be given to the threading architecture. The threading architecture binds processing elements with the protocol tasks and the messages associated with protocol stacks in a communication subsystem. This paper makes two contributions to the study and application of threading architectures. First, it reports performance results from empirical comparisons of two protocol stacks (based on the connectionless and connection-oriented transport protocols UDP and TCP) using different threading architectures on a 20 CPU multi-processor platform. The results demonstrate how andwhy different threading architectures affect performance. Second, the paper provides guidelines based on these results that indicate when and how to apply appropriate thre...
Causality in Genetic Programming (1995)

Causality relates changes in the structure of an object with the effects of such changes, that is changes in the properties or behavior of the object. This paper analyzes the concept of causality in Genetic Programming (GP) and suggests how it can be used in adapting control parameters for speeding up GP search. We first analyze the effects of crossover to show the weak causality of the GP representation and operators. Hierarchical GP approaches based on the discovery and evolution of functions amplify this phenomenon. However, selection gradually retains strongly causal changes. Causality is correlated to search space exploitation and is discussed in the context of the exploration-exploitation tradeoff. The results described argue for a bottom-up GP evolutionary thesis. Finally, new developments based on the idea of GP architecture evolution (Koza, 1994a) are discussed from the causality perspective. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference (ICGA95) Morgan Kaufmann, San Franc...
<i>StarCraft</i> AI Competition: A Step Toward Human‐Level AI for Real‐Time Strategy Games (2016)

This article reviews the two most recent IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG) StarCraft Artificial Intelligence (AI) Competitions organized by the authors; these were the fourth and fifth in a series of annual competitions initiated in 2011. StarCraft AI Competitions have been hosted in conjunction with three different events: the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), CIG, and Student StarCraft AI Tournament (SSCAIT). The purpose of these competitions is to design bots that are able autonomously and successfully to play the StarCraft game by implementing real‐time strategies. Recent results reveal the promising use of AI techniques in creating successful AI entries, but there is room for improvement with respect to the bots' ability to adapt and learn to defeat humans and scripted AI bots.
In search of a standards-based approach to hybrid performance monitoring (1995)

SPItech (Standard Performance monitoring Instrumentation technology), a new multicomputer performance monitoring system, employs portable instrumentation technology and bridges the gap between emerging standard interfaces. Facilities support application-specific trace events, breakpoint-style debugging, online transmission of selected data, and dynamic acquisition-rate control. SPItech includes the SuperMSparc multicomputer and its associated performance monitoring hardware and software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three-dimensional photonic crystals based on double-angled etching and wafer-fusion techniques (2006)

We propose a method for the realization of three-dimensional photonic crystals by combining a wafer-fusion technique with a two-stage angled etching process. Etching at an angle of 45° to the substrate creates woodpile (or stacked striped) structures, and artificial defects and light emitters can then be introduced by the wafer-fusion technique, thereby considerably reducing the number of processes required. Here, we determine the required thickness of the photonic crystals by calculating the transmission properties and quality factors of point-defect cavities. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of angled etching using an inductively coupled plasma-etching system at cryogenic temperatures.
A multilumen catheter guide for difficult airway management (1994)

A multilumen catheter guide (jet stylet) with an adapter has been used for various manoeuvres in the upper airway. With the split length, procedures such as change of tracheal tube from oral to nasal nasal to oral position, are possible while the patient's lungs are ventilated by means of high frequency jet ventilation. During high frequency jet ventilation for longer periods of time, for example for microlaryngeal surgery, the central channel of the catheter is used as a conduit for jet delivery, whilst the other channels are used for continuous monitoring of airway pressure and concentration of carbon dioxide in the upper airway.
Adenovirus-Mediated Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Gene Therapy Reduces Neointima Formation in Balloon-Denuded Rabbit Aorta (2002)

The results suggest that EC-SOD gene transfer reduces restenosis and may be useful for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia after vascular manipulations.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADPH oxidase 4 control STAT3 activity in melanoma cells through a pathway involving reactive oxygen species, c-SRC and SHP2. (2015)

The data are consistent with a novel G6PD-NOX4-NADPH-ROS-c-SRC/SHP2 pathway controlling STAT3 activity in A375 melanoma cells.
Developmental Biochemistry of Cottonseed Embryogenesis and Germination (1981)

The synthesis of the principal cottonseed storage proteins during embryogenesis has been followed by analyses of stained protein gels and of fluorographs of protein synthesized in vivo and from purified RNA in vitro in the wheat germ system. The kinetics of in vivo labeling as well as immunochemical cross-reactivity indicate that the 52- and 48-kilodalton mature storage protein sets are derived from 70- and 67-kilodalton precursor protein sets that are abundant proteins in embryonic cotyledons and disappear in late embryogenesis. Identification of the initial translation products of the storage protein mRNA has not been clearly established although products of apparent molecular weights of 69,000 and 60,000 are the likely storage protein precursors.Storage protein synthesis falls off markedly in late embryogenesis simultaneously with the loss of a superabundant class of mRNAs (shown by cDNA:RNA reassociation) that are presumed to be those for the storage proteins. The synthesis of these proteins ceases abruptly when immature embryos are removed from the boll and allowed to germinate precociously or when this precocious germination is prevented by incubation in abscisic acid. Thus, abscisic acid is not implicated in the expression of the storage protein genes.A scheme involving co-translational processing into vesicles, glycosylation, and slow in situ cleavage to produce the mature storage proteins is proposed.
Synthèse de dérivés indoliques substitués in 7 (1981)

Abstract La synthèse et quelques aspects de la réactivité chimique d'acétyl‐7, de benzoyl‐7 et de bromo‐7 indoles sont décrits.
A comparison between heart rate and heart rate variability as indicators of cardiac health and fitness (2013)

Quantification of cardiac autonomic activity and control via heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) is known to provide prognostic information in clinical populations. Issues with regard to standardization and interpretation of HRV data make the use of the more easily accessible HR on its own as an indicator of autonomic cardiac control very appealing. The aim of this study was to investigate the strength of associations between an important cardio vascular health metric such as VO2max and the following: HR, HRV indicators, and HR normalized HRV indicators. A cross sectional descriptive study was done including 145 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 22 years. HRV was quantified by time domain, frequency domain and Poincaré plot analysis. Indirect VO2max was determined using the Multistage Coopers test. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to quantify the strength of the associations. Both simple linear and multiple stepwise regressions were performed to be able to discriminate between the role of the individual indicators as well as their combined association with VO2max. Only HR, RR interval, and pNN50 showed significant (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p = 0.03) correlations with VO2max. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that, when combining all HRV indicators the most important predictor of cardio vascular fitness as represented by VO2max, is HR. HR explains 17% of the variation, while the inclusion of HF (high frequency HRV indicator) added only an additional 3.1% to the coefficient of determination. Results also showed when testing the normalized indicators, HR explained of the largest percentage of the changes in VO2max (16.5%). Thus, HR on its own is the most important predictor of changes in an important cardiac health metric such as VO2max. These results may indicate that during investigation of exercise ability (VO2max) phenomena, quantification of HRV may not add significant value.
MOtoNMS: A MATLAB toolbox to process motion data for neuromusculoskeletal modeling and simulation (2015)

MOtoNMS fills the gap between motion analysis and neuromusculoskeletal modeling and simulation. Its support to several devices, a complete implementation of the pre-processing procedures, its simple extensibility, the available user interfaces, and its free availability can boost the translation of neuromusculoskeletal methods in daily and clinical practice.
Proposal for transfer error recovering on broadcasting network (2003)

We are now investigating the technology for constructing mobile multimedia system on the integrated communication/broadcasting network. Recently, with the progress of Digital Broadcasting Network, integration of broadcasting network and computer network will become more popular. In such environment, transfer error recovering will become more important. In this report, we will propose new method for transfer error recovering on broadcasting network, in which terminal of broadcasting network will recognize the transfer error and it will require the correct data to server through computer network.
Impact of Sampling Frequency on Harmonic Distortion for Modular Multilevel Converter (2010)

This paper applies nearest level control (NLC) to the modular multilevel converter (MMC). Since there are a number of submodules (SMs) in high-voltage applications of MMC and all SM voltages are required to be measured and sorted, if the uniform sampling frequency is not high enough, the SM will not be triggered as quickly as possible. Thus, the converter-output voltage levels and voltage harmonics will be affected. A method to systematically analyze the voltage harmonics is presented, considering the uniform sampling frequency. In order to select a proper sampling frequency, two critical values, which significantly influence the output voltage levels and voltage total harmonic distortions, are calculated. Simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC proved the validity of the proposed modulation scheme and the importance of a properly selected sampling frequency.
Software security in DevOps (2016)

In organizations that use DevOps practices, software changes can be deployed as fast as 500 times or more per day. Without adequate involvement of the security team, rapidly deployed software changes are more likely to contain vulnerabilities due to lack of adequate reviews. The goal of this paper is to aid software practitioners in integrating security and DevOps by summarizing experiences in utilizing security practices in a DevOps environment. We analyzed a selected set of Internet artifacts and surveyed representatives of nine organizations that are using DevOps to systematically explore experiences in utilizing security practices. We observe that the majority of the software practitioners have expressed the potential of common DevOps activities, such as automated monitoring, to improve the security of a system. Furthermore, organizations that integrate DevOps and security utilize additional security activities, such as security requirements analysis and performing security configurations. Additionally, these teams also have established collaboration between the security team and the development and operations teams.
Measurement of real-time aspects of Simatic/spl reg/ PLC operation in the context of physics experiments (2004)

Today, most slow control systems for physics experiments at Forschungszentrum Ju/spl uml/lich are implemented with Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology and fieldbus systems. In many cases, even deterministic response is required from the PLCs. This raises the question about the real-time performance that can be expected from a PLC. Response-time measurements of Simatic/spl reg/ PLCs-manufactured by the world market leader Siemens-are presented. Influence of program structure and hardware configuration on performance and deterministic behavior of a PLC is discussed.