gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diamond Bio Electronics (2009)

The use of diamond for advanced applications has been the dream of mankind for centuries. Until recently this dream has been realized only in the use of diamond for gemstones and abrasive applications where tons of diamonds are used on an annual basis. Diamond is the material system of choice for many applications, but its use has historically been limited due to the small size, high cost, and inconsistent (and typically poor) quality of available diamond materials until recently. The recent development of high quality, single crystal diamond crystal growth via the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process has allowed physcists and increasingly scientists in the life science area to think beyond these limitations and envision how diamond may be used in advanced applications ranging from quantum computing, to power generation and molecular imaging, and eventually even diamond nano-bots. Because of diamond's unique properties as a bio-compatible material, better understanding of diamond's quantum effects and a convergence of mass production, semiconductor-like fabrication process, diamond now promises a unique and powerful key to the realization of the bio-electronic devices being envisioned for the new era of medical science. The combination of robust in-the-body diamond based sensors, coupled with smart bio-functionalized diamond devices may lead to diamond being the platform of choice for bio-electronics. This generation of diamond based bio-electronic devices would contribute substantially to ushering in a paradigm shift for medical science, leading to vastly improved patient diagnosis, decrease of drug development costs and risks, and improved effectiveness of drug delivery and gene therapy programs through better timed and more customized solutions.
Optimal Rebuilding of Multiple Erasures in MDS Codes (2016)

MDS array codes are widely used in storage systems due to their computationally efficient encoding and decoding procedures. An MDS code with $r$ redundancy nodes can correct any $r$ node erasures by accessing all the remaining information in the surviving nodes. However, in practice, $e$ erasures is a more likely failure event, for $1\le e
Large Scale Optical Cross-connect: architecture, performance analysis, and feasibility demonstration (2015)

A cost-effective and scalable photonic node architecture that interconnects small-scale optical cross-connect systems is presented. Its routing performance and technical feasibility are verified through numerical experiments and development of a prototype.
<title>Event-centric media management</title> (2007)

The management of the vast amount of media assets captured at every day events such as meetings, birthday parties, vacation, and conferences has become an increasingly challenging problem. Today, most media management applications are media-centric. This means, they put the captured media assets into the center of the management. However, in recent years it has been proposed that events are a much better abstraction of human experience and thus provide a more appropriate means for managing media assets. Consequently, approaches that include events into their media management solution have been explored. However, they typically consider events only as some more metadata that can be extracted from the media assets. In addition, today's applications and approaches concentrate on particular problems such as event detection, tagging, sharing, classification, or clustering and are often focused on a single media type. In this paper, we argue for the benefits of an event-centric media management (EMMa) approach that looks at the problem of media management holistically. Based on a generic event model, we specify a media event model for the EMMa approach. The single phases and processes of the EMMa approach are defined in a general process chain for an event-centric media management, the EMMa cycle. This cycle follows the event concept throughout all phases and processes of the chain and puts the concept of events in the center of the media management. Based on the media event model and EMMa cycle, we design a component-based architecture for the EMMa approach and conduct an implementation of the approach.
Cardiovascular Activity of 9-Hydroxy-ellipticine (1976)

The cardiovascular activity of 9-hydroxy-ellipticine (9-OH-E) has been studied on anaesthetized dogs. The drug has been administered intravenously in one dose ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg. The variations in the myocardial contractility, the systemic haemodynamics, the respiration and the general metabolism of the anaesthetized dogs were studied to make evident the mechanism of 9-OH-E cardiostimulating action. 9-OH-E from 5 mg/kg i.v. stimulates the contractility of myocardium and improves the cardiac performances of the anaesthetized dogs. This heart-stimulating action is long-lasting and is not accompanied by any modification in the arterial blood pressure. It is inhibited or at least strongly attenuated by beta-adrenergic blocking agents and by the depletion of catecholamines.
A multiple ion-exchange membrane design for redox flow batteries (2014)

A redox-flow-battery cell design with multiple ion-exchange membranes is provided to enable combinations of any redox pairs and supporting electrolytes.
Fault location for power lines with multiple sections (2012)

Fault location information is critical for operating and maintaining transmission and subtransmission networks. Some of the challenges in calculating accurate fault location include fault resistance, zero-sequence impedance variations, zero-sequence mutual coupling, load, system nonhomogeneity, and power lines composed of multiple sections with considerably different characteristics. This paper presents a fault location method that provides accurate fault location information for power lines with multiple sections. These sections can have different impedance characteristics. The proposed method is suitable for different types of power lines, including overhead lines, underground cables, and composite lines that include both overhead line and underground cable sections. Fault resistance, parallel-line mutual coupling, system nonhomogeneity, and load variations have minimal effect on the accuracy of the proposed fault location method. This paper compares fault location results calculated from event reports that were obtained from the field and from models of real power systems.
A Wearable Gait Monitor and Terrain Prediction System (2013)

Nearly one million people in 2009 were discharged from the hospital with stroke as the primary diagnosis [1]. One of the many lasting side effects of a stroke can be foot drop, or an inability to dorsiflex the foot. In order to remedy this, many people wear an ankle-foot orthotic (AFO) post-stroke. Interviews with AFO users revealed that they frequently have difficulty walking on stairs and ramps, because the AFO limits the plantarflexion that is natural in navigating those ground types. An active AFO that adapts to changing ground terrain would provide a more natural gait pattern for these individuals, if it could be designed to respond appropriately to upcoming terrain. In order to respond to terrain, the device must first identify the terrain. This paper outlines a system [2] that simultaneously predicts the type of terrain a user is approaching as they walk, and captures information about that user’s walking activity. Such a system can be used as the control system for an active orthotic or prosthetic device. Additionally, this system can be used as a stand-alone gait and terrain monitor to aid in rehabilitation monitoring in between patient visits with a clinician.
Identification of a Common Protein Association Region in the Neuronal Cdk5 Activator (2000)

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (Cdk5) depends on the association with neuronal Cdk5 activator (Nck5a) for kinase activity. A variety of cellular proteins have been shown to undergo high affinity association with Nck5a, including three novel proteins, C42, C48, and C53 found by a yeast two-hybrid screen (Ching, Y. P., Qi, Z., and Wang, J. H. (2000) Gene 242, 285-294). The three proteins show competitive binding to Nck5a suggesting that they bind at a common site. The binding site has been mapped to a region of 26 amino acid residues (residues 145 to 170) at the N-terminal boundary of the kinase activation domain of Nck5a. This region of Nck5a contains an amphipathic alpha-helix whose hydrophobic face is involved in Cdk5 activation (Chin, K. T., Ohki, S, Tang, D., Cheng, H. C., Wang, J. H. , and Zhang, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 7120-7127). Several lines of evidence suggest that Nck5a interacts with the binding proteins at the hydrophilic face of the amphipathic alpha-helix. First, the Nck5a-(145-170) peptide can bind Cdk5 and Nck5a-binding proteins simultaneously. Second, the association of Nck5a-(145-170) to C48 can be markedly reduced by high ionic strength whereas the interaction between Nck5a and Cdk5 is not affected. Third, substitution of Glu(157) by glutamine in Nck5a-(145-170) abolishes the peptide's ability to bind to the three Nck5a-binding proteins without diminishing its Cdk5 binding activity.
A constant voltage power plant that uses batteries as its emergency source of power (2002)

Described is a system that regulates voltage to the load. It is also efficient and incurs some economic benefits. It is explained how this power system provides more effective use of battery back-up power for more capacity, faster recharge after discharge, longer life, and less investment; has, during normal (not emergency) operation, rectifiers that are more efficient, have less connected load for emergency generator sizing, and are used more efficiently for battery recharging and float, and provides voltage regulation that does not cause inefficiencies during normal plant operation, causes only minimal inefficiencies during emergency operation (and then only for a short time), and is within 0.10 volts whether normal or emergency conditions exist.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-voltage organic electro-optic modulators using transparent conducting oxides as electrodes (2005)

In this paper, we present a novel device structure for organic electro-optic modulators using transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) as electrodes to substantially reduce the switching voltage, and describe their fabrication. We report two different types of device geometry, a top conducting and a side conducting geometry, and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. We discuss how the voltage and speed performance of such modulators are dependant on the conductivity/optical loss ratio of the TCO electrodes. Our device simulation shows that by appropriately engineering the high TCO conductivity/optical loss ratio, 4-6x lower switching voltage can be achieved while still maintaining high modulation frequencies and low optical loss. We show that certain new TCO materials are capable of achieving the high conductivity/optical loss required for efficient modulation in the 1300-1550 nm wavelength range. We summarize the optical loss characteristics at 1300 nm of different types of thin-film TCO materials grown using different deposition techniques. TCO electrodes based on different types of materials, such as In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ZnO, and ITO have been investigated for our device structures. Fabrication issues associated with the deposition of TCO electrodes directly on organic EO materials and our approach to addressing them are discussed. Initial results for organic EO modulators fabricated with TCOs as electrodes are presented, and the performance of these modulators are compared with theoretical modeling results. The new device structures presented here will enable next generation low-voltage organic EO modulators targeting RF photonics applications.
Inhibition of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins Elevates Brain Anandamide Levels and Produces Analgesia (2014)

The endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) is an antinociceptive lipid that is inactivated through cellular uptake and subsequent catabolism by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular carriers that deliver AEA and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) to FAAH for hydrolysis. The mammalian brain expresses three FABP subtypes: FABP3, FABP5, and FABP7. Recent work from our group has revealed that pharmacological inhibition of FABPs reduces inflammatory pain in mice. The goal of the current work was to explore the effects of FABP inhibition upon nociception in diverse models of pain. We developed inhibitors with differential affinities for FABPs to elucidate the subtype(s) that contributes to the antinociceptive effects of FABP inhibitors. Inhibition of FABPs reduced nociception associated with inflammatory, visceral, and neuropathic pain. The antinociceptive effects of FABP inhibitors mirrored their affinities for FABP5, while binding to FABP3 and FABP7 was not a predictor of in vivo efficacy. The antinociceptive effects of FABP inhibitors were mediated by cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and FABP inhibition elevated brain levels of AEA, providing the first direct evidence that FABPs regulate brain endocannabinoid tone. These results highlight FABPs as novel targets for the development of analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
An Absolute Optical Encoder using Modulated-Photo-Diode Arrays. (2001)

In this paper, a compact absolute optical linear encoder is proposed. The index scale of the proposed encoder has the two track (80 μm and 2 mm pitches), which consist of the pitch-modulated grating and slit-width-modulated grating, respectively. Using the modulated gratings, the harmonic noises of the encoder signals are decreased. Moreover, the respective lines of the slit-width-modulated grating are divided and re-distributed in the index scale to suppress the sensing error due to the contamination on the scale. By fabricating the index scale with silicon photodiode arrays, the proposed advantages are confirmed experimentally.
Delay and slew metrics using the lognormal distribution (2003)

For optimizations like physical synthesis and static timing analysis, efficient interconnect delay and slew computation is critical. Since one cannot often afford to run AWE[12], constant time solutions are required. This work presents the first complete solution to closed form formulae for both delay and slew. Our metrics are derived from matching circuit moments to the lognormal distribution. From a single table, one can easily implement the metrics for delay and slew for both step and ramp inputs. Experiments validate the effectiveness of the metrics for nets from a real industrial design.
Abstract 18845: Induced Cardiac Progenitor Cells Differentiate Into Cardiac Lineage Cells in vivo and Improve Survival in Mice post Myocardial Infarction (2015)

Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts (Fibs) to induced cardiomyocytes, and we have recently reprogrammed mouse Fibs to induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs), which may be more favorable for cardiac repair because of their expandability and multipotency. Adult cardiac (AC), lung and tail-tip Fibs from an Nkx2.5-EYFP reporter mouse were reprogrammed using a combination of five defined factors into iCPCs. Transcriptome and immunocytochemistry analysis revealed that iCPCs were cardiac mesoderm-restricted progenitors that expressed CPC markers including Nkx2.5, Gata4, Irx4, Tbx5, Cxcr4, Flk1 etc. iCPCs could be extensively expanded (over 30 passages) while maintaining multipotency to differentiate in vitro into cardiac lineage cells including cardiomyocytes (CMs), smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. iCPC derived CMs upon co-culture with mESC-derived CMs formed intercellular gap junctions, exhibited calcium transients, and contractions. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo potency of iCPCs. Given that the Nkx2.5-EYFP reporter identifies embryonic CPCs, we first tested the embryonic potency of iCPCs using an ex vivo whole embryo culture model injecting cells into the cardiac crescent (CC) of E8.5 mouse embryos and culturing for 24 to 48 hours. GFP labeled AC Fibs were first tested and live imaging revealed that after 24 hours these cells were rejected from the embryo proper and localized to the ecto-placental cone. In contrast, iCPCs reprogrammed from AC Fibs when injected into the CC localized to the developing heart tube and differentiated into MLC2v, αMHC and cardiac actin expressing CMs. Further we injected iCPCs into infarcted adult mouse hearts and determined their regenerative potential after 1-4 wks. The iCPCs significantly improved survival (p<0.01 Mantel-Cox test) in treated animals (75%) as compared to control (11%). Immunohistochemistry revealed that injected iCPCs localized to the scar area and differentiated into cardiac lineage cells including CMs (cardiac actin). These results indicate that lineage reprogramming of adult somatic cells into iCPCs provides a scalable cell source for cardiac regenerative therapy as well as drug discovery and disease modeling.
Intracranial Pressure Telemetry System Using Semicustom Integrated Circuits (1986)

A new generation of implantable, telemetric transmitters for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements have been developed. A unique technique used in packaging the silicon piezoresistive pt essure transducer provides excellent long-term stability. Pulse code modulation is used for data transmission over a radio frequency (RF) link. To minimize the component count, two semicustom, bipolar integrated circuits are used. The transmitter electronics are housed inside a 29 ×20 ×7 mm titanium package along with the pressure transducer and two lithium batteries. Even though the transmitter consumes less than 0.4 mW of power, it is turned on remotely via RF signal transduction only on demand in order to extend the lifetime of the batteries to years. The pressure input of the transmitter has a dynamic range of -100- +200 mmHg with a 0.3 mmHg resolution and a 1 mmHg accuracy. Long-term in vitro and in vivo pressure baseline stabilities of better than 1 and 2 mmHg per month, respectively, have been achieved.
Thin-film superconducting inductors for power electronics (1993)

Superconducting thin-film inductors promise to be key elements in high-frequency, high-power density, high-efficiency power supplies. A thin-film (0.6 mu m-thick) YB/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ inductor capable of handling currents up to 12 A DC was found to have a Q value of 1300 at 260 MHz and 77 K, a factor of 20 higher than an identical inductor made of 15 mu m thick Cu; this improvement factor is shown to be >64 at lower frequencies (a few MHz).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inflorescence Commitment and Architecture in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1997)

Flowering plants exhibit one of two types of inflorescence architecture: indeterminate, in which the inflorescence grows indefinitely, or determinate, in which a terminal flower is produced. The indeterminate condition is thought to have evolved from the determinate many times, independently. In two mutants in distantly related species, terminal flower 1 in Arabidopsis and centroradialis in Antirrhinum, inflorescences that are normally indeterminate are converted to a determinate architecture. The Antirrhinum gene CENTRORADIALIS (CEN) and the Arabidopsis gene TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) were shown to be homologous, which suggests that a common mechanism underlies indeterminacy in these plants. However, unlike CEN, TFL1 is also expressed during the vegetative phase, where it delays the commitment to inflorescence development and thus affects the timing of the formation of the inflorescence meristem as well as its identity.
Automated detection of near falls: algorithm development and preliminary results (2010)

These findings suggest that tri-axial accelerometers may be used to successfully distinguish near falls from other gait patterns observed in the gait laboratory and may have the potential for improving the objective evaluation of fall risk, perhaps both in the lab and in at home-settings.
An analytic model for microseismic event location estimate accuracy (2011)

Jonathan S. Abel, Sean Coffin, Yoomi Hur and Scott Taylor offer a framework for studying issues with microseismic source location estimation accuracy and provide new geometric intuitions and quantitative relationships that aid in the understanding of this problem.
Diode-Pumped, Self-Frequency Doubled Red Nd:YCOB Laser (2001)

The first diode-pumped cw red laser through self-frequency doubling is demonstrated in 5% Nd:YCOB crystal cut along phase matching direction. 13.5 mW red output at 666 nm has been generated with 950 mW diode pump power absorbed in the crystal.
A Systematic Review of Monogenic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2021)

Monogenic IBD cases, although rare, have varied extraintestinal comorbidities and limited treatment options including surgery and transplant. Early identification and improved understanding of the characteristics of the genes and underlying disease processes in monogenic IBD is important for effective management.
Desulfurization of coal by chlorinolysis. [10 refs] (1976)

A simple method of chlorinolysis of coal in an organic solvent at a moderate temperature and atmospheric pressure has been proved to be effective in removing sulfur, particularly the organic sulfur, from coal. Preliminary experimental results of a high sulfur (4.77 percent S) bituminous coal show that up to 60 percent organic sulfur, 90 percent pyritic sulfur and 30 percent sulfate sulfur can be removed. This method also proved to be effective for another bituminous coal with high organic sulfur. The treated coal is dechlorinated by heating at a moderately high temperature. The presence of moisture helps to remove organic sulfur. However, no effect on sulfur removal has been observed by the addition of AlCl/sub 3/ as catalyst in the system. During chlorination the gain in sulfate sulfur in coal is equal to losses in pyritic and organic sulfur. An optional extraction step at 25/sup 0/C of treated coal with tetrahydrofuran yields more than 20 percent extract suitable for liquid fuel synthesis. Preliminary study of the chemistry and kinetics involved in this process of coal chlorinolysis is attempted.
A New Protection Scheme for HVDC Converters Against DC-Side Faults With Current Suppression Capability (2014)

Two-level voltage-source converters and half-bridge modular multilevel converters are among the most popular types of HVDC converters. One of their serious drawbacks is their vulnerable nature to dc-side faults, since the freewheeling diodes act as a rectifier bridge and feed the dc faults. The severity of dc-side faults can be limited by connecting double thyristor switches across the semiconductor devices. By turning them on, the ac current contribution into the dc side is eliminated and the dc-link current will freely decay to zero. The main disadvantages of this method are: high dv/dt stresses across thyristors during normal conditions, and the absence of bypassing for the freewheeling diodes during dc faults since they are sharing the fault current with thyristors. This paper proposes combining and connecting the double thyristor switches across the ac output terminals of the HVDC converter. The proposed protection scheme provides advantages, such as lower dv/dt stresses and lower voltage rating of thyristor switches in addition to providing full segregation between the converter semiconductor devices and ac grid during dc-side faults. A simulation case study has been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.