gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Merocyanine 540-Sensitized Photoirradiation as a Method for Purging Malarially Infected Red Cells from Blood (1991)

The photosensitizing dye merocyanine 540 (MC 540) was evaluated as a means for purging malarially infected red cells from murine blood using the rodent malarial pathogens, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei, as models of human malaria. Malarially infected red cells bound more MC 540 and were more sensitive to MC 540-sensitized photoirradiation than were noninfected erythroid cells. Extracorporeal exposure of infected red cells to the dye and white light prevented the transmission of the disease in a transfusion model. P. berghei-infected red cells were more resistant to the antimalarial activity of MC 540 than were P. yoelii-infected cells, presumably because P. berghei preferentially infects reticulocytes whereas P. yoelii infects mature red cells. The possibility of using photoirradiation sensitized by MC 540 or related dyes to purge malarially infected donor blood is discussed.
Relationship Between Hairiness and the Twisting Principles of Solospun and Ring Spun Yarns (2004)

In this paper, the twisting principles of Solospun and ring spinning are compared and analyzed. A geometric model is used to analyze the structure of Solospun yarns in order to determine why they are less hairy than ring spun yarns. Finally, a series of tests proves the conclusions.
The role of MMP-1 in breast cancer growth and metastasis to the brain in a xenograft model (2012)

Our results show that elevated expression of MMP-1 can promote the local growth and the formation of brain metastases by breast cancer cells.
Cellular uptake of octaarginine-conjugated tetraarylporphyrin included by per-O-methylated β-cyclodextrin (2013)

This paper describes the synthesis, structural characterization and cellular uptake of a supramolecular 1 : 2 inclusion complex of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin having an octaarginine peptide chain (R8-TPP) and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TMe-β-CD). R8-TPP was synthesized by 2 approaches: (1) on-resin conjugation of the N-terminal of octaarginine with 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, followed by cleavage from the resin, and (2) Michael addition reaction between 5-[4-(3-maleimidopropylamido)phenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin and cysteine-octaarginine peptide (Cys-Arg8). The R8-TPP obtained from both the approaches formed stable inclusion complexes with TMe-β-CD by which non-substituted phenyl groups at the 10- and 20-positions were included to form trans-type 1 : 2 inclusion complexes. The complexation prevented the self-aggregation of R8-TPP, which resulted in the solubilisation of R8-TPP in aqueous media. A cellular uptake study using HeLa cells showed that R8-TPP complexed with TMe-β-CD in a serum-free medium was efficiently taken up by the cells and uniformly dispersed in the cytosol. In the serum-containing medium, the R8-TPP-TMe-β-CD complex dissociated, and the serum protein bound R8-TPP. The R8-TPP-protein complex was localized in the endosomes of the cells. The cytosol-dispersed R8-TPP showed a higher photo-induced cytotoxicity than its endosome-trapped counterpart.
Comparative Binding Energy (COMBINE) Analysis of OppA−Peptide Complexes to Relate Structure to Binding Thermodynamics (2002)

The periplasmic oligopeptide binding component (OppA) of the oligopeptide permease found in Gram-negative bacteria acts as a receptor for peptide transport across the cell membrane and is a potential target for antibacterial drug design. OppA exhibits broad specificity, binding to diverse peptides of 2-5 amino acid residues length. Crystallographic and calorimetric measurements have been carried out by Tame et al. of the binding of 28 peptides of sequence K-X-K to OppA, where X is a natural or nonnatural amino acid. Despite this extensive experimental characterization, a clear relationship between structural and thermodynamic parameters could not be readily identified, with a complicating factor being the observation of varying numbers of water molecules at the binding interface in the different complexes. Consequently, we have applied COMparative BINding Energy (COMBINE) analysis to derive quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for these 28 OppA-tripeptide complexes. This is the first application of COMBINE analysis to predict binding enthalpies and entropies, and predictive QSAR models were obtained for these quantities as well as for binding free energies. These QSAR models highlight several protein residues and bound water molecules in the binding site, as well as the electrostatic desolvation energies of the protein and the peptides, as responsible for most of the differences in binding thermodynamics between the peptides studied. The QSAR models aid rationalization of the determinants of binding affinity of the OppA:peptide complexes and provide guides for further ligand design. This study also points to the general applicability of COMBINE analysis to estimating thermodynamic parameters for protein-peptide complexes.
Oxygen limitation and tissue metabolic potential of the African fish Barbus neumayeri: roles of native habitat and acclimatization (2011)

Our results suggest that the influence of site of origin and hypoxic acclimatization in determining enzyme activity differs among enzymes and tissues, but both factors contribute to higher glycolytic capacity and lower aerobic capacity in B. neumayeri under naturally-occurring conditions of oxygen limitation.
Oxidation State Dependent Conformational Changes of HMGB1 Regulate the Formation of the CXCL12/HMGB1 Heterocomplex (2019)

High-mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant protein present in all mammalian cells and involved in several processes. During inflammation or tissue damage, HMGB1 is released in the extracellular space and, depending on its redox state, can form a heterocomplex with CXCL12. The heterocomplex acts exclusively via the chemokine receptor CXCR4 enhancing leukocyte recruitment. Here, we used multi-microsecond molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the effect of the disulfide bond on the structure and dynamics of HMGB1. The results of the MD simulations show that the presence or lack of the disulfide bond between Cys23 and Cys45 modulates the conformational space explored by HMGB1, making the reduced protein more suitable to form a complex with CXCL12.
Role of pronase-resistant peptide segments of the antitumor protein antibiotics, auromomycin and macromomycin, in stabilizing cytocidal activity of the chromophore moieties to carcinoma cells. (1983)

The free chromophores isolated from the antitumor protein antibiotics, auromomycin (AUR) and macromomycin (MCR), were rapidly inactivated by incubation in serum-containing medium at 37 degrees C in the dark with respect to cytocidal activity to human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Under the same conditions, the intact antibiotics, their pronase-hydrolysates and reconstituents from the chromophores and apo-proteins were stable. Intact and reconstituted AUR and MCR were more resistant to pronase digestion than the apo-proteins. The analyses of the pronase-hydrolysates of AUR and MCR by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultrafiltration showed that the antibiotics (13 kilodaltons (kDa] were degraded to produce peptide fragments (1-3 kDa) in which most cytotoxicity of the pronase-hydrolysates resided. The pronase-hydrolysates exhibited a differential cytocidal activity to normal diploid fibroblasts (WI38), their SV40-transformants (VA13) and carcinoma cells (A549) of human lung origin as was observed for the intact antibiotics. These results indicate that specific interaction between the chromophores and the pronase-resistant peptide segments (1-3 kDa) of the protein moiety stabilizes the cytocidal activity of the chromophores and also protects the peptide segments from pronase digestion.
Conceptual framework of a remote wireless health monitoring system for large civil structures (1998)

Recent advances in smart materials and structures sensor technology offer many unique opportunities to assess the structural integrity of large civil structures. However, the remote operational environment of large civil structures, such as highways, buildings and bridges, makes condition-based health monitoring for damage assessment difficult in the event of a natural disaster. During such disasters, electrical power is lost and cellular phone lines are under heavy usage. This limits the retrieval of very important sensor data. However, recent rulings by the Federal Communication Commission coupled with advances in wireless communication products have now made it possible to circumvent existing wired and cellular infrastructure to retrieve data from smart sensors remotely and more economically. This paper discusses a novel approach using smart sensors and wireless communication technology to monitor the health of large civil structures remotely. Specifically, a remote health monitoring system for large civil structures is developed using spread spectrum wireless modems, data communication software and conventional strain sensors. This system is used to monitor the loads on a laboratory test specimen with a bolted lap joint from as far away as one mile. Commands are issued from a notebook personal computer to instruct the health monitoring system to either excite the structure or acquire data from sensors mounted externally to the structure. Data from measurements made on the structure are then transmitted wirelessly back to a notebook computer for processing and analysis using damage detection algorithms.
Memristor Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing (2019)

Neuromorphic computing, which imitates the principle behind biological synapses with a high degree of parallelism, has recently emerged as a promising candidate for novel and sustainable computing technologies. The first step toward realizing a massively parallel neuromorphic system is to develop an artificial synapse capable of emulating synapse functionality, such as analog modulation, with ultralow power consumption and robust controllability. We begin this chapter with a simple description of neuromorphic systems and memristor synapses. Further, we introduce and evaluate the state-of-the-art neuromorphic hardware technology in terms of novel functional materials and device architectures toward the implementation of fully neuromorphic computers, which have been extensively explored in recent years. Finally, we briefly describe artificial neural networks based on memristor synapse in forms of crossbar arrays.
How to fight antimicrobial resistance (2006)

Antimicrobial misuse results in the development of resistance and superbugs. Over recent decades, resistance has been increasing despite continuing efforts to control it, resulting in increased mortality and cost. Many authorities have proposed local, regional and national guidelines to fight against this phenomenon, and the usefulness of these programmes has been evaluated. Multifaceted intervention seems to be the most efficient method to control antimicrobial resistance. Monitoring of bacterial resistance and antibiotic use is essential, and the methodology has now been homogenized. The implementation of guidelines and infection control measures does not control antimicrobial resistance and needs to be reinforced by associated measures. Educational programmes and rotation policies have not been evaluated sufficiently in the literature. Combination antimicrobial therapy is inefficient in controlling antimicrobial resistance.
Localized Spin-Torque Effect in CPP-GMR Sensor With Current-Screen Layer (2010)

Spin-torque effect in a CPP-GMR sensor with a current-screen layer was investigated via bias voltage dependence of a MR ratio. Unique behavior related to the current-screen layer structure was observed. The bias voltage dependence of the MR ratio in the current-screen-type CPP-GMR sensor was nearly constant with the variation of the free layer thickness. This appears to be due to the finite exchange transmission length of the tilted magnetic moments in the free layer. The finite exchange transmission length originates from the geometric effect in the current-screen layer.
Interaction of tubulin and cellular microtubules with the new antitumor drug MDL 27048 (1989)

We have characterized the binding of trans-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2-methyl-2- propen- 1-one (MDL 27048) to purified procine brain tubulin, and the inhibition of microtubule assembly by this compound in vitro and using cultured cells. Binding measurements were performed by difference absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. MDL 27048 binds to one site/tubulin heterodimer with an apparent equilibrium constant Kb = (2.8 +/- 0.8) X 10(6) M-1 (50 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, 1 mM [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM GTP buffer, pH 6.7, at 25 degrees C). Podophyllotoxin displaced the binding of MDL 27048, suggesting an overlap with the colchicine-binding site. Assembly of purified tubulin into microtubules was inhibited by substoichiometric concentrations of MDL 27048, which also induced a slow depolymerization of preassembled microtubules. The cytoplasmic microtubules of PtK2 cells were disrupted in a concentration and time-dependent manner by MDL 27048, as observed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Maximal depolymerization took place with 2 X 10(-6) M MDL 27048 in 3 h. When the inhibitor was washed off from the cells, fast microtubule assembly (approximately 8 min) and complete reorganization of the cytoplasmic microtubule network (15-30 min) were observed. MDL 27048 also induced mitotic arrest in SV40-3T3 cell cultures. Due to all these properties, this anti-tumor drug constitutes a new and potent microtubule inhibitor, characterized by its specificity and reversibility.
Circadian Regulation of the PhCCD1 Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase Controls Emission of <i>β</i>-Ionone, a Fragrance Volatile of Petunia Flowers (2004)

Abstract Carotenoids are thought to be the precursors of terpenoid volatile compounds that contribute to flavor and aroma. One such volatile, β-ionone, is important to fragrance in many flowers, including petunia (Petunia hybrida). However, little is known about the factors regulating its synthesis in vivo. The petunia genome contains a gene encoding a 9,10(9′,10′) carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase, PhCCD1. The PhCCD1 is 94% identical to LeCCD1A, an enzyme responsible for formation of β-ionone in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; Simkin AJ, Schwartz SH, Auldridge M, Taylor MG, Klee HJ [2004] Plant J [in press]). Reduction of PhCCD1 transcript levels in transgenic plants led to a 58% to 76% decrease in β-ionone synthesis in the corollas of selected petunia lines, indicating a significant role for this enzyme in volatile synthesis. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that PhCCD1 is highly expressed in corollas and leaves, where it constitutes approximately 0.04% and 0.02% of total RNA, respectively. PhCCD1 is light-inducible and exhibits a circadian rhythm in both leaves and flowers. β-Ionone emission by flowers occurred principally during daylight hours, paralleling PhCCD1 expression in corollas. The results indicate that PhCCD1 activity and β-ionone emission are likely regulated at the level of transcript.
Factor H interferes with the adhesion of sickle red cells to vascular endothelium: a novel disease-modulating molecule (2019)

Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic red cell disorder with a worldwide distribution. Growing evidence suggests a possible involvement of complement activation in the severity of clinical complications of sickle cell disease. In this study we found activation of the alternative complement pathway with microvascular deposition of C5b-9 on skin biopsies from patients with sickle cell disease. There was also deposition of C3b on sickle red cell membranes, which is promoted locally by the exposure of phosphatidylserine. In addition, we showed for the first time a peculiar "stop-and-go" motion of sickle cell red blood cells on tumor factor-α-activated vascular endothelial surfaces. Using the C3b/iC3b binding plasma protein factor Has an inhibitor of C3b cell-cell interactions, we found that factor H and its domains 19-20 prevent the adhesion of sickle red cells to the endothelium, normalizing speed transition times of red cells. We documented that factor H acts by preventing the adhesion of sickle red cells to P-selectin and/or the Mac-1 receptor (CD11b/CD18), supporting the activation of the alternative pathway of complement as an additional mechanism in the pathogenesis of acute sickle cell related vaso-occlusive crises. Our data provide a rationale for further investigation of the potential contribution of factor H and other modulators of the alternative complement pathway with potential implications for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
A 1062Mpixels/s 8192×4320p High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265) encoder chip (2013)

A single-chip HEVC (H.265) 8192×4320p encoder is implemented on a 25mm2 die with 28nm process. It dissipates 708mW at 312MHz for 8192×4320p encoding. Frame-level pipelining reduces 8.90 GB/s external memory bandwidth and improve CABAC rate by 50%. A 7.14MB three-level memory hierarchy is designed to support internal 43.38 GB/s bandwidth and 13-port accesses, and reduces external reference frame bandwidth down to 2.97 GB/s. High complexity mode decision is supported with CFBAC rate estimator.
Multiple sclerosis: Serum anti-CNS autoantibodies (2017)

Serum anti-CNS autoantibodies of diverse specificities are common in MS patients. The same anti-CNS autoantibodies are not uncommon in patients with other neurological diseases. The findings provide no support for the proposition that myelin breakdown in MS is caused by exposure of intact myelin sheaths or oligodendrocytes to a pathogenic serum anti-myelin or anti-oligodendrocyte autoantibody.
Prevalence of Fracture and Fragment Embolization of Bard Retrievable Vena Cava Filters and Clinical Implications Including Cardiac Perforation and Tamponade (2010)

The Bard Recovery and Bard G2 filters had high prevalences of fracture and embolization, with potentially life-threatening sequelae.
Nanomaterial-Enabled Neural Stimulation (2016)

Neural stimulation is a critical technique in treating neurological diseases and investigating brain functions. Traditional electrical stimulation uses electrodes to directly create intervening electric fields in the immediate vicinity of neural tissues. Second-generation stimulation techniques directly use light, magnetic fields or ultrasound in a non-contact manner. An emerging generation of non- or minimally invasive neural stimulation techniques is enabled by nanotechnology to achieve a high spatial resolution and cell-type specificity. In these techniques, a nanomaterial converts a remotely transmitted primary stimulus such as a light, magnetic or ultrasonic signal to a localized secondary stimulus such as an electric field or heat to stimulate neurons. The ease of surface modification and bio-conjugation of nanomaterials facilitates cell-type-specific targeting, designated placement and highly localized membrane activation. This review focuses on nanomaterial-enabled neural stimulation techniques primarily involving opto-electric, opto-thermal, magneto-electric, magneto-thermal and acousto-electric transduction mechanisms. Stimulation techniques based on other possible transduction schemes and general consideration for these emerging neurotechnologies are also discussed.
Mutasynthesis of Fluorosalinosporamide, a Potent and Reversible Inhibitor of the Proteasome (2008)

A knockout result: Fluorine substituents give drugs beneficial properties. By using a rational combination of genetic engineering and precursor-directed biosynthesis, fluorosalinosporamide (see scheme) was generated in a fermentation-based approach. The anticancer lead compound and marine natural product salinosporamide A is chlorinated. A comparison of the biological activity of these proteasome inhibitors is presented. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z800177_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
CD19-targeted CAR regulatory T cells suppress B cell pathology without GvHD (2020)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play essential roles in maintaining immunological self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. The adoptive transfer of antigen-specific Tregs has been expected to be a potent therapeutic method for autoimmune diseases, severe allergy, and rejection in organ transplantation. However, effective Treg therapy has not yet been established because of the difficulty in preparing a limited number of antigen-specific Tregs. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been shown to be a powerful therapeutic method for treating B cell lymphomas, but application of CAR to Treg-mediated therapy has not yet been established. Here, we generated CD19-targeted CAR (CD19-CAR) Tregs from human PBMCs (hPBMCs) and optimized the fraction of the Treg source as CD4+CD25+CD127loCD45RA+CD45RO-. CD19-CAR Tregs could be expanded in vitro while maintaining Treg properties, including high expression of the latent form of TGF-β. CD19-CAR Tregs suppressed IgG antibody production and differentiation of B cells via a TGF-β-dependent mechanism. Unlike conventional CD19-CAR CD8+ T cells, CD19-CAR Tregs suppressed antibody production in immunodeficient mice that were reconstituted with hPBMCs, reducing the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Therefore, the adoptive transfer of CD19-CAR Tregs may provide a novel therapeutic method for treating autoantibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.