gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic bandwidth allocation for ATM switches (1996)

We explore a dynamic approach to the problems of call admission and resource allocation for communication networks with connections that are differentiated by their quality of service requirements. In a dynamic approach, the amount of spare resources is estimated on-line based on feedbacks from the network's quality of service monitoring mechanism. The schemes we propose remove the dependence on accurate traffic models and thus simplify the tasks of supplying traffic statistics required of network users. In this paper we present two dynamic algorithms. The objective of these algorithms is to find the minimum bandwidth necessary to satisfy a cell loss probability constraint at an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch. We show that in both schemes the bandwidth chosen by the algorithm approaches the optimal value almost surely. Furthermore, in the second scheme, which determines the point closest to the optimal bandwidth from a finite number of choices, the expected learning time is finite.
Improved rheometry of yield stress fluids using bespoke fractal 3D printed vanes (2020)

To enable robust rheological measurements of the properties of yield stress fluids, we introduce a class of modified vane fixtures with fractal-like cross-sectional structures. A greater number of outer contact edges leads to increased kinematic homogeneity at the point of yielding and beyond. The vanes are 3D printed (3DP) using a desktop stereolithography machine, making them inexpensive (disposable), chemically compatible with a wide range of solvents, and readily adaptable as a base for further design innovations. To complete the tooling set, we introduce a textured 3DP cup, which attaches to a standard rheometer base. We discuss general design criteria for 3DP rheometer vanes, including consideration of sample volume displaced by the vanes, stress homogeneity, and secondary flows that constrain the parameter space of potential designs. We also develop a conversion from machine torque to material shear stress for vanes with an arbitrary number of arms. We compare a family of vane designs by measuring the viscosity of Newtonian calibration oils with error &lt;5% relative to reference measurements made with a cone-and-plate geometry. We measure the flow curve of a simple Carbopol yield stress fluid and show that a 24-armed 3DP fractal vane agrees within 1% of reference measurements made with a roughened cone-and-plate geometry. Last, we demonstrate use of the 24-armed fractal vane to probe the thixo-elastoviscoplastic response of a Carbopol-based hair gel, a jammed emulsion (mayonnaise), and a strongly alkaline carbon black-based battery slurry.
NF-κB is essential for the progression of KSHV- and EBV-infected lymphomas in vivo (2005)

Activated NF-kappaB is a critical mechanism by which lymphoma cells infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV/HHV-4) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) are protected from apoptotic stress. Selective pharmacologic inhibition of constitutive NF-kappaB activity induces apoptosis in KSHV- and EBV-infected lymphoma cells. In both tumor types, pharmacologic inhibition of NF-kappaB in vitro induced identical mitochondrially mediated apoptosis cascades. Assessment of gene regulation by microarray analysis revealed that the inhibition of NF-kappaB in tumor cells results in the down-regulation of a distinct group of prosurvival genes, including cIAP-1, cIAP-2, cFLIP, and IL-6. Using EBV- and KSHV-associated lymphomas in a murine system, we demonstrated that Bay 11-7082, a selective pharmacologic inhibitor of NF-kappaB, prevents or delays tumor growth and prolongs disease-free survival. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and tumor growth responses were further documented using a traceable reporter KSHV-positive cell line and in vivo imaging. These findings indicate that specific NF-kappaB-regulated survival factors work cooperatively to protect KSHV- and EBV-infected lymphoma cells from apoptosis such that they promote the establishment and progression of KSHV- and EBV-associated lymphomas in mice. They also support the use of selective NF-kappaB inhibitors in the treatment of herpesvirus-associated lymphomas.
Simultaneous measurement of chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and nucleosome phasing in single cells (2017)

Gaining insights into the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the transcriptional variation observed between individual cells necessitates the development of methods that measure chromatin organization in single cells. Here I adapted <i>N</i>ucleosome <i>O</i>ccupancy and <i>Me</i>thylome-sequencing (NOMe-seq) to measure chromatin accessibility and endogenous DNA methylation in single cells (scNOMe-seq). scNOMe-seq recovered characteristic accessibility and DNA methylation patterns at DNase hypersensitive sites (DHSs). An advantage of scNOMe-seq is that sequencing reads are sampled independently of the accessibility measurement. scNOMe-seq therefore controlled for fragment loss, which enabled direct estimation of the fraction of accessible DHSs within individual cells. In addition, scNOMe-seq provided high resolution of chromatin accessibility within individual loci which was exploited to detect footprints of CTCF binding events and to estimate the average nucleosome phasing distances in single cells. scNOMe-seq is therefore well-suited to characterize the chromatin organization of single cells in heterogeneous cellular mixtures.
Chemical Bonding Topology of Ternary Transition Metal-Centered Bismuth Cluster Halides:  From Molecules to Metals (2003)

The bismuth polyhedra in ternary transition metal-centered bismuth cluster halides may form discrete molecules or ions, infinite chains, and/or infinite layers. The chemical bonding in many of these diverse structures is related to that in deltahedral boranes exhibiting three-dimensional aromaticity by replacing the multicenter core bond in the boranes with two-center two-electron (2c-2e) bonds from the central transition metal to the nearest neighbor bismuth vertices. Examples of discrete molecules or ions include octahedral MBi(6)(micro-X)(12)(z)()(-) (X = Br, I; M = Rh, Ir, z = 3; M = Ru, z = 4) with exclusively 2c-2e bonds and pentagonal bipyramidal RhBi(7)Br(8) with a 5c-4e bond in the equatorial pentagonal plane indicative of Möbius aromaticity. The compound Ru(3)Bi(24)Br(20) contains a more complicated discrete bismuth cluster ion Ru(2)Bi(17)(micro-Br)(4)(5+), which can be dissected into a RuBi(5) closo octahedron and a RuBi(8) nido capped square antiprism bridged by a Ru(2)Bi(4)(micro-Br)(4) structural unit. In RuBi(4)X(2) (X = Br, I), the same Ru(2)Bi(4)(micro-Br)(4) structural unit bridges Bi(4) squares similar to those found in the known Zintl ion Bi(4)(2)(-) to give infinite chains of Ru(2)Bi(4) octahedra. The electron counts of the RuBi(5), RuBi(8), and Ru(2)Bi(4) polyhedra in these structures follow the Wade-Mingos rules. A different infinite chain structure is constructed from fused RhBi(7/2)Bi bicapped trigonal prisms in Rh(2)Bi(9)Br(3). This Rh(2)Bi(9)Br(3) structure can alternatively be derived from alternating Rh(2/2)Bi(4) octahedra and Rh(2/)(2)Bi(5) pentagonal bipyramids with electron counts obeying the Wade-Mingos rules. Related chemical bonding principles appear to apply to more complicated layer structures such as Pt(3)Bi(13)I(7) containing Kagomé nets of PtBi(8/2) cubes and Ni(4)Bi(12)X(3) containing linked chains of NiBi(6/3)Bi capped trigonal prisms.
Tutorial on magnetic tunnel junction magnetoresistive random-access memory (2004)

Magnetic tunnel junction magnetoresistive random-access memory (MTJ-MRAM) appears to be in an advanced stage of development at several companies, including Motorola Inc., IBM Corporation, Infineon Technologies and Cypress Semiconductor Corp. MRAM has the potential to become a universal memory technology, with the high speed of SRAM, the nonvolatility of flash memory (but with much greater write-erase endurance than flash memory), and with storage densities that could approach those of DRAM. MRAM is embeddable in conventional CMOS processes with as few as four additional masks. We briefly review early MRAM technologies such as anisotropic MRAM, spin valve MRAM, and pseudo spin valve MRAM. Then we survey both conventional MTJ-MRAM and the recently-developed read-before-write toggle-mode MTJ-MRAM.
Expertise, extraversion and group interaction styles as performance indicators in virtual teams (2004)

This study investigates how a personality trait and expertise affect virtual teams interaction, and how that interaction leads to different levels of performance (e.g., solution quality, solution acceptance, cohesion). Teams have been shown to exhibit constructive, aggressive/defensive, or passive/defensive interaction styles that affect communication and thus team performance by facilitating or hindering the exchange of information among group members. These styles reflect an aggregation of the behaviors exhibited by individual team members, which are rooted in their individual personalities. The effects of interaction style on team performance have been well established in face-to-face and virtual teams. Generally, constructive interaction styles produce positive outcomes whereas passive/defensive styles beget negative ones. Aggressive/defensive teams produce solutions that are correlated with the expertise of those that have wrested control of the group but there is often little support for those solutions. The current work explores how different constellations of extraversion and expertise manifest themselves into group interaction styles and, ultimately, outcomes. The study involves 248 professional managers from executive MBA and professional development programs in 63 virtual teams that performed an intellective task. Results show that expertise and extraversion to be curvilinearly related to group interactions and performance, and high levels of extraversion and higher variations in extraversion between team members lead to less constructive and more passive/defensive interaction styles within teams. Results show that although expertise is the best predictor of task performance, it is primarily group interaction styles that predict contextual outcomes (e.g., solution acceptance, cohesion, effectiveness) in virtual teams.
Generating Hypotheses by Discovering Implicit Associations in the Literature: A Case Report of a Search for New Potential Therapeutic Uses for Thalidomide (2003)

The availability of scientific bibliographies through online databases provides a rich source of information for scientists to support their research. However, the risk of this pervasive availability is that an individual researcher may fail to find relevant information that is outside the direct scope of interest. Following Swanson's ABC model of disjoint but complementary structures in the biomedical literature, we have developed a discovery support tool to systematically analyze the scientific literature in order to generate novel and plausible hypotheses. In this case report, we employ the system to find potentially new target diseases for the drug thalidomide. We find solid bibliographic evidence suggesting that thalidomide might be useful for treating acute pancreatitis, chronic hepatitis C, Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis, and myasthenia gravis. However, experimental and clinical evaluation is needed to validate these hypotheses and to assess the trade-off between therapeutic benefits and toxicities.
An Efficient Elephant Flow Detection with Cost-Sensitive in SDN (2015)

The software defined networking (SDN) allows separating control and data plane, which provides better network management and higher utilization for data center network. Among these topical applications in SDN, such as traffic engineering, QoS and network management, there is significant interest on classifying the flows and predict future traffic. Classification plays an important role in SDN, especially for elephant flow detection. However, how to efficiently detect all kinds of flows with low cost still remains a challenge task in current researches. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose to introduce cost-sensitive learning method to define a real-time elephant flow detection strategy and the subsequent metric in flow detection. Then we apply our strategy to train and evaluate cost-sensitive decision trees in SDN. Extensive experiments on different settings and data sets have been performed, showing that our strategy is good at detecting elephant flow with high detection rates and low overhead.
Rate parameters for the two-step photofragmentation of aromatic endoperoxides in solution (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate parameters for the two-step photofragmentation of aromatic endoperoxides in solutionK. Jesse and F. J. ComesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 3, 1311–1315Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100156a051https://doi.org/10.1021/j100156a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
New Directions in International Psychotherapy (2012)

This paper develops some ideas about international psychotherapy, what it is, what it does, and what it could become. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Digital Images to spread Executable Code on Internet. (2010)

Abstract.. Steganography is defined as covered writing and it has been used to achieve confidentiality. Most of research in this domain has focused in just sending plain data. In this paper we use steganography as a way to spread ex-ecutable code instead of just communicating a secret message. The application of our proposal may contrast, could be using for spreading malicious code or for protecting software copyright like a water marking alive. We present our implementation of this scheme with a developed tool and hence look in a direc-tion that has not looked at detail so far. 1
Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression, regulation, and activity in human lung epithelial cells. (1994)

Histochemical activity and immunoreactivity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS, EC 1.14.13.39) have been recently demonstrated in human lung epithelium. However, the molecular nature of NOS and the regulation and function of the enzyme(s) in the airway is not known. A549 cells (human alveolar type II epithelium-like), BEAS 2B cells (transformed human bronchial epithelial cells), and primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells all exhibited constitutive NOS activity that was calcium dependent and inhibitable by the NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Nitric oxide production by epithelial cells was enhanced by culture in the presence of interferon gamma, interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and lipopolysaccharide; the NOS activity expressed under these conditions showed less dependence on calcium, reminiscent of other inducible forms of NOS. Two distinct NOS mRNA species, homologous to previously identified constitutive brain (type I) and inducible hepatic (type II) NOS, were demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in all cell lines. Northern analysis confirmed the expression of inducible NOS mRNA. Cell culture with epidermal growth factor, a principal regulator of epithelial cell function, decreased inducible NOS activity by posttranscriptional action but did not affect constitutive NOS activity. The coexistence of constitutive and inducible NOS in human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells is consistent with a complex mechanism evolved by epithelial cells to protect the host from microbial assault at the air/surface interface while shielding the host from the induction of airway hyperreactivity.
Analysis of Scores, Datasets, and Models in Visual Saliency Prediction (2013)

Significant recent progress has been made in developing high-quality saliency models. However, less effort has been undertaken on fair assessment of these models, over large standardized datasets and correctly addressing confounding factors. In this study, we pursue a critical and quantitative look at challenges (e.g., center-bias, map smoothing) in saliency modeling and the way they affect model accuracy. We quantitatively compare 32 state-of-the-art models (using the shuffled AUC score to discount center-bias) on 4 benchmark eye movement datasets, for prediction of human fixation locations and scan path sequence. We also account for the role of map smoothing. We find that, although model rankings vary, some (e.g., AWS, LG, AIM, and HouNIPS) consistently outperform other models over all datasets. Some models work well for prediction of both fixation locations and scan path sequence (e.g., Judd, GBVS). Our results show low prediction accuracy for models over emotional stimuli from the NUSEF dataset. Our last benchmark, for the first time, gauges the ability of models to decode the stimulus category from statistics of fixations, saccades, and model saliency values at fixated locations. In this test, ITTI and AIM models win over other models. Our benchmark provides a comprehensive high-level picture of the strengths and weaknesses of many popular models, and suggests future research directions in saliency modeling.
Histological Analysis of Î³Î´ T Lymphocytes Infiltrating Human Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas (2014)

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women and the second most common cancer worldwide after lung cancer. The remarkable heterogeneity of breast cancers influences numerous diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic factors. Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBCs) lack expression of HER2 and the estrogen and progesterone receptors and often contain lymphocytic infiltrates. Most of TNBCs are invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) with poor prognosis, whereas prognostically more favorable subtypes such as medullary breast carcinomas (MBCs) are somewhat less frequent. Infiltrating T-cells have been associated with an improved clinical outcome in TNBCs. The prognostic role of γδ T-cells within CD3(+) tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes remains unclear. We analyzed 26 TNBCs, 14 IDCs, and 12 MBCs, using immunohistochemistry for the quantity and patterns of γδ T-cell infiltrates within the tumor microenvironment. In both types of TNBCs, we found higher numbers of γδ T-cells in comparison with normal breast tissues and fibroadenomas. The numbers of infiltrating γδ T-cells were higher in MBCs than in IDCs. γδ T-cells in MBCs were frequently located in direct contact with tumor cells, within the tumor and at its invasive border. In contrast, most γδ T-cells in IDCs were found in clusters within the tumor stroma. These findings could be associated with the fact that the patient's prognosis in MBCs is better than that in IDCs. Further studies to characterize these γδ T-cells at the molecular and functional level are in progress.
Adrenomedullin Signaling Pathway Polymorphisms and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (2013)

Consistent with studies of plasma adrenomedullin and adverse pregnancy outcomes, we found associations between variants in the adrenomedullin signaling pathway and birth weight, glycemic regulation, and preeclampsia.
PC Cell–Derived Growth Factor Stimulates Proliferation and Confers Trastuzumab Resistance to Her-2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells (2006)

These data suggest that PCDGF/GP88 confers Trastuzumab resistance in erbB2-overexpressing cells. Thus, the increase in PCDGF/GP88 levels may indicate Trastuzumab unresponsiveness in breast cancer patients.
Elements of system design optimization in service quality management (2010)

Services Quality is an area of opportunity for IT service providers to innovate and deliver outstanding results to their customers. The objective is to minimize the variance of key quality indicators and deliver predictable capabilities. In this paper we adopt the Lean Sigma methodology from the manufacturing domain as a quality control framework and propose an optimized system model for managing predictability and reducing cost in the IT incident management process. The model establishes guidelines for receiving, classifying and distributing work in a service delivery organization. It defines metrics, controls and management objectives. Using simulation, we conduct an extensive numerical study to show how the model behaves under different operational scenarios that reflect a diverse skill base, the presence of service level objectives, and incoming work with varying levels of complexity. In addition, we provide managerial insight into what drives performance and illustrate the trade-offs between different service delivery designs.
Design and Synthesis of New Immonium‐Type Coupling Reagents (2006)

Abstract A new family of immonium‐type coupling reagents is described here. The differences in the carbocation skeletons of these reagents can be correlated with differences in stability and thus reactivity. The dihydroimidazole derivatives are highly unstable to air, whereas the salts derived from dimethylamine are the most stable and the pyrrolidino derivatives are of intermediate stability. These results should be taken into account mainly when coupling reagents are deposited in open vessels, such in some automatic synthesizers. As regards both coupling yield and retention of configuration, HOAt derivatives have been confirmed to be superior to those of HOBt in all cases. For peptides containing hindered residues, fluoroformamidinium salts are more convenient than the HOAt‐based reagents. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Sensitive force transducers using a single amorphous core multivibrator bridge (1979)

New sensitive linear-type force transducers are presented using a single amorphous core multivibrator bridge with a dc output. These amorphous-core transducers, in which annealed Metglas 2605A ribbon-wound cores with lumped windings are used, have high linearity (0.5 %FS), high stability against temperature variation (0.02 %FS/°C), high maximum operating temperature (200°C), and high output voltage (350 mV) compared with conventional unbonded resistance wire strain gages and semiconductor transducers. The amorphous-core force transducers are considered to be suitable for application in industrial automatic control under high temperature and high noise level conditions.
Interface-induced warping in hybrid two-dimensional materials (2015)

二维的混合材料由异构的领域组成兴趣大。用实验分子的动态模拟，我们证明如此的混合 2D 材料的形态学能经由强壮的变弯延续到第三种尺寸对在域之间的接口内在。变弯的接口与一个更大的格子常数在领域源自压缩压力并且甚至渗透进拉长的领域。基于经典的板理论，我们经分解确定振幅，波长和作为格子的函数变弯的接口的穿入深度错配，与模拟完成好同意。而且，我们建议周期性地把五边形七边形脱臼放沿着接口能消除在 2D 材料变弯，如此的有缺点的接口能是比在一种批评领域尺寸上的弄歪的那个更有利的，它与最近的试验性的观察一致。我们的结果建议在 2D 混血儿材料变弯的接口应该在进一步探索他们的有希望的性质被考虑。