gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadband dispersion extraction of borehole acoustic modes via sparse Bayesian learning (2013)

This paper considers broadband extraction of multiple strong/weak borehole acoustic modes in acoustic array waveforms by processing the data from multiple frequency points. We first formulate it as basis selection in a multiple measurement vector (MMV) model with varying overcomplete dictionaries and then, propose a generalized sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) method for the application-specified MMV model. The SBL method results in an iterative, hyperparameter-free algorithm to estimate the mode spectrum and update prior parameters. Specifically, the iteration can be implemented in either the fixed-point or expectation-maximization mechanism. Numerical validation with synthetic and field datasets confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method and its advantages over the narrowband (modified matrix pencil) approach.
Functional characterization of human sphingosine kinase‐1 (2000)

Sphingosine kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a novel lipid mediator with both intra- and extracellular functions. Based on sequence identity to murine sphingosine kinase (mSPHK1a), we cloned and characterized the first human sphingosine kinase (hSPHK1). The open reading frame of hSPHK1 encodes a 384 amino acid protein with 85% identity and 92% similarity to mSPHK1a at the amino acid level. Similar to mSPHK1a, when HEK293 cells were transfected with hSPHK1, there were marked increases in sphingosine kinase activity resulting in elevated SPP levels. hSPHK1 also specifically phosphorylated D-erythro-sphingosine and to a lesser extent sphinganine, but not other lipids, such as D,L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, N, N-dimethylsphingosine, diacylglycerol, ceramide, or phosphatidylinositol. Northern analysis revealed that hSPHK1 was widely expressed with highest levels in adult liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscle. Thus, hSPHK1 belongs to a highly conserved unique lipid kinase family that regulates diverse biological functions.
Surface Modelling from Scattered Geological Data (1997)

We present a surface representation format that is well suited for modelling geological horizons containing faults. The composite grid model is a blend of regular grid and triangulation based surface models. Finally, we show the improvement when using this composite grid compared to the use of a regular grid model when both are applied to the same real data set.
Integral colorimeter based on compound LED illumination (2014)

Traditional integral colorimeters use tungsten-halogen or xenon lamps for illumination, as well as correcting filters to make the instrument's spectral response meet the Luther condition. This structure causes the instruments to have relatively higher error and poor repeatability. Thus, this letter proposes a new measurement design that uses compound LEDs as the instrument's measurement light source. The new design adjusts the instrument's spectral response by modifying the spectra of the compound LEDs. A compound LED light source is designed for integral colorimeters, and an experiment is conducted to evaluate the performance of the integral colorimeter. Experiments show that the design effectively reduces the error of integral colorimeters.
Recognition and Response in Plant <scp>PAMP</scp> ‐Triggered Immunity (2012)

Abstract Pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI) describes the first events after pathogen invasion, whereby the plant identifies the presence of an invader and mounts a response. A race ensues in which the pathogen deploys its array of virulence molecules that act in opposition to host defence mechanisms and promote establishment of a pathogenic niche. Since the seminal work identifying the first pathogen receptor, FLAGELLIN‐SENSING 2 (FLS2), the field has worked to define receptor complexes and downstream signalling pathways. This article describes recent progress in this area. In addition, many pathogen effectors target the PTI machinery. Thus, identifying PTI components as effector targets helps to validate those molecules as components of the defence machinery. As such, early molecular interactions are key to the outcome of infection. Indeed it is thought that nonhost resistance, in which most plants species are resistant to most pathogens, is likely to be a result of the PTI system. Key Concepts: Plants have multilayered recognition systems which detect invading pathogens. The first line of recognition involves detection of PAMPs via host pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs are transmembrane receptor‐like kinases or receptor‐like proteins that perceive PAMPs at the cell surface. PRRs act as a major point of control for PTI. Biogenesis and localisation of PRRs to the plasma membrane requires the proteins are processed by the secretory pathway and individual PRRs have varying requirements for endoplasmic reticulum‐quality control pathways. Following PAMP perception, a series of downstream defence responses results in PTI. Attenuation of PRR signalling is necessary to restrict immune responses.
Automatic Detection of Red Lesions in Digital Color (2005)

The robust detection of red lesions in digital color fundus photographs is a critical step in the development of auto- mated screening systems for diabetic retinopathy. In this paper, a novel red lesion detection method is presented based on a hybrid approach, combining prior works by Spencer et al. (1996) and Frame et al. (1998) with two important new contributions. The first contribution is a new red lesion candidate detection system based on pixel classification. Using this technique, vasculature and red lesions are separated from the background of the image. After removal of the connected vasculature the remaining objects are considered possible red lesions. Second, an extensive number of new features are added to those proposed by Spencer-Frame. The detected candidate objects are classified using all features and a k-nearest neighbor classifier. An extensive evaluation was performed on a test set composed of images representative of those normally found in a screening set. When determining whether an image contains red lesions the system achieves a sensitivity of 100% at a specificity of 87%. The method is compared with several different automatic systems and is shown to outperform them all. Performance is close to that of a human expert examining the images for the presence of red lesions.
Full-color 3D prints and transparencies (1997)

We describe the preparation of full-color stereoscopic hardcopy from digital 3-D records. Digital image records may be produced directly in digital cameras, CAD systems and by various instrumental outputs, or they may be acquired by scanning and digitizing photographic images. To produce the stereoscopic image we render the component images in terms of degree of polarization, orienting the polarization axes of the left- and right-eye images at 90 degrees to one another. We print the two images on opposite surfaces of specially prepared substrates, using dichroic inks in otherwise standard desktop inkjet printers. Software provides accurate stereoscopic registration of the paired images. The process produces 3-D images as reflection prints or as transparencies. Observers view the superimposed image pair through standard 3- D polarizing glasses. Alternatively, autostereoscopic display apparatus permits viewing without glasses. The color gamut of a typical image is shown. Image resolution depends primarily on the printer used. Applications include molecular modeling, microscopy, data visualization, entertainment, and pictorial photography.
High density near-field optical recording (invited) (abstract) (1993)

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) has been used to image and record domains in thin-film magneto-optic (MO) materials (e.g., a Co/Pt multilayer). In this technique, a subwavelength-sized source or detector of visible light is placed in close proximity to a sample and raster scanned to read or write data on a scale inaccessible to traditional lens based systems. The technique, therefore, represents a hybridization of conventional magnetic and MO storage technologies. In the imaging mode, resolution of 30–50 nm has been consistently obtained, whereas in the recording mode, domains down to −60 nm have been written reproducibly. Data densities of −45 Gbits/in.2 have been achieved, well in excess of current magnetic and MO methods. A brief analysis of speed and other issues indicates that the technique may represent a viable alternative to these and other methods for anticipated high density data storage needs.
Reduction of off-flavors in food materials with acetic acid bacteria. (1987)

(1) A. acetiを脱脂豆乳や小麦粉ドウに添加すると,それらの素材に含まれる不快臭(n-ヘキサナール等の中鎖アルデヒドに由来するもの)が低減し,官能面, GC分析面からでも顕著な効果がみられ,酢酸菌は各種食品素材に含まれる不快臭を低減するのに有効であることがわかった. (2) A. acetiはC2～C10の直鎖状の脂肪族アルデヒドをよく酸化し,とくにC4～C8の中鎖アルデヒド類をよく酸化した.分枝鎖の脂肪族アルデヒドは直鎖状の脂肪族アルデヒドに比べて酸化されにくかった. (3) A. acetiがn-ヘキサナール等のアルデヒドを酸化する場合の作用温度は0～70°Cで,最大反応速度は50～60°Cにみられた.作用pHは2～8にみられ,最大反応速度はpH 5付近にあった. (4) A. acetiがn-ヘキサナールを酸化する場合,ショ糖や食塩は0.1～5.0%濃度範囲では全く阻害を示さなかった.
A New Amorphous Aluminum-Silicate : High Performance Adsorbent for Water Vapor and Carbon Dioxide (2009)

An efficient adsorbent made of hydroxyl aluminum-silicate has been developed for a desiccant air conditioning system and a carbon dioxide capture system. The XRD pattern shows that this adsorbent is amorphous, and the 29Si and 27Al NMR spectra show that the chemical species of Al and Si in some part of this adsorbent is similar to allophane and/or imogolite and those in the other part is similar to layered clay minerals. The amount of water-vapor adsorbed on this adsorbent is 36 wt% when the relative water-vapor pressure is at 0.6. This value is 1.4 times larger than the amount of water-vapor adsorbing on zeolite A, which is now used for the desiccant air conditioning system. Our newly developed hydroxyl aluminum-silicate is better than zeolite A for the adsorbent used in the desiccant air conditioning system because it adsorbs water-vapor in a wide humidity range and can desorb at the temperature as low as 80℃. The amorphous aluminum-silicate also adsorbs much carbon dioxide. The amount of adsorbed carbon dioxide on this material is 11.1 wt% when the pressure of carbon dioxide is raised from 100kPa to 900kPa. This value is 2.1 times larger than the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbing on zeolite X, which is now used for a carbon dioxide capture system. If the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system can be operated more than the atmospheric pressure by using this material, the newly developed materials can collect carbon dioxide with low cost compared with the present system.
A dynamic storage scheme for conflict-free vector access (1989)

Previous investigations into data storage schemes have focused on finding a storage scheme that permits conflict-free access for a set of frequently encountered access patterns. This paper considers an alternative approach. Rather than forcing a single storage scheme to be used for all access patterns, conflict-free accesses of any constant stride can be made by selecting a storage scheme for each vector based on the accessing patterns used with that vector. By factoring the stride into two components, one a power of 2 and the other relatively prime to 2, a storage scheme can be synthesized which allows conflict-free access to the vector using the specified stride. All such schemes are based on a variation of the row rotation mechanism proposed by Budnik and Kuck[1]. Each storage scheme is based on two parameters, one describes the type of rotation to perform and the other describes the amount of memory to be rotated as a single block. Hardware required to implement this storage scheme is efficient. The performance of the memory under access strides other than the stride used to specify the storage scheme is also considered. This models a vector being accessed with multiple strides, in particular the row/column access of a matrix, and situations when the stride can not be determined prior to initializing the vector. Simulation results show that if a single buffer is added to each memory port then the average performance of the dynamic scheme surpasses that of the interleaved scheme for arbitrary stride accesses. For dynamic storage schemes to be effective, the compiler must be able to detect information about the stride of vector accesses. In general, this is within the capabilities of current vectorizing compilers. Dynamic storage schemes also may allow more flexibility in program transformation performed by vectorizing compilers during optimization.
Classification of Penetration--Aspiration Versus Healthy Swallows Using Dual-Axis Swallowing Accelerometry Signals in Dysphagic Subjects (2013)

Swallowing accelerometry is a promising noninvasive approach for the detection of swallowing difficulties. In this paper, we propose an approach for classification of swallowing accelerometry recordings containing either healthy swallows or penetration-aspiration (entry of material into the airway) in dysphagic patients. The proposed algorithm is based on the wavelet packet decomposition of swallowing accelerometry signals in combination with linear discriminant analysis as a feature reduction method and Bayes classification. The proposed algorithm was tested using swallowing accelerometry signals collected from 40 patients during the regularly scheduled videoflouroscopy exam. The participants were instructed to swallow several 5-mL sips of thin liquid barium in a head neutral position. The results of our numerical analysis showed that the proposed algorithm can differentiate healthy swallows from aspiration swallows with an accuracy greater than 90%. These results position swallowing accelerometry as a valid approach for the detection of swallowing difficulties, particularly penetration-aspiration in patients suspected of dysphagia.
Optical path cross-connect demonstrator designed to achieve 320 Gbit/s (1996)

We have developed an optical path cross-connect demonstrator designed to achieve a 320-Gbit/s throughput. Measured performance confirms the viability of 320-Gbit/s throughput from a full scale implementation. Planar lightwave circuit technologies were exploited to yield compact size AWG-demultiplexers. Performance tests confirmed the design validity of the system, and thus the feasibility of the 320 Gbit/s OPXC. This achievement is a significant step toward the realization of optical path networks.
Alternatives to tropical fats based on high‐stearic sunflower oils (2012)

Abstract New high‐oleic high‐stearic sunflower lines produce oils that could be a source of disaturated triacylglycerol alternatives to tropical fats. These oils can be fractionated to produce stearins enriched in stearic acid with physical properties similar to cocoa butter and other confectionary fats without hydrogenation or transesterification. These fats can be produced in temperate countries from a well‐established crop like sunflower, and represent a healthy source of saturated fatty acids.
Synthesis of some substituted guanidinopyrimidines and their structural assignment by <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>1</sup>H NMR (1982)

Abstract A series of substituted 2‐ and 4‐guanidinopyrimidines were prepared by reaction of halopyrimidines with guanidine; alkylamino and amino substituents were introduced by subsequent halogen replacement by primary amines or ammonia or the catalytic reduction of nitro groups. Structural assignments were made on the basis of 13 C and 1 H nmr. A guanidinopteridine and a bispyrimidinylguanidine were also synthesized. Some unsuccessful reactions illustrated the low nucleophilic reactivity and thermal instability of the guanidine group.
Protective Immunization of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) against Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Infestation (2021)

Vaccination against salmon lice (<i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i>) is a means of control that averts the negative effects of chemical approaches. Here, we studied the immunogenicity and protective effect of a vaccine formulation (based on a salmon lice-gut recombinant protein [P33]) against <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i> infestation in Atlantic salmon in a laboratory-based trial. Our findings revealed that P33 vaccine can provide a measure of protection against immature and adult salmon lice infestation. This protection seemed to be vaccine dose-dependent, where higher doses resulted in lower parasitic infestation rates. We also provide immunological evidence confirming that P33-specific immune response can be triggered in Atlantic salmon after P33 vaccination, and that production of P33-specific antibodies in blood can be detected in vaccinated fish. The negative correlation between P33-specific IgM in salmon plasma and salmon lice numbers on vaccinated fish suggests that protection against lice can be mediated by the specific antibody in salmon plasma. The success of P33 vaccination in protecting salmon against lice confirms the possibility of employing the hematophagous nature of the parasite to deliver salmon-specific antibodies against lice-gut proteins.
Energy-Efficient Cooling of Liquid-Cooled Electronics Having Temperature-Dependent Leakage (2013)

Energy conservation in data centers with liquid-cooled electronics is considered, taking into account the combined power consumption of both the electronics and the associated cooling equipment, particularly chillers. The energy-saving technique called “free cooling,” which is most effective at minimizing or eliminating the need for chillers when the temperature of the coolant delivered to the electronics is high, is shown to be at odds with the electronics itself, because of subthreshold leakage in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, which is minimized when coolant temperature is low. A mathematical model is developed to investigate this trade-off, to discover what liquid-coolant temperature is optimal overall, and thereby to determine what combination of free cooling and traditional chiller cooling should be used for minimal overall power consumption. As an example of how to apply the mathematical model, parameters are chosen in accordance with experimental measurements on an early prototype of a state-of-the-art, water-cooled computer (International Business Machines's (IBM) BlueGene/Q). Results for total data-center power (computer + cooling equipment) are obtained as a function of coolant temperature, the computational state of the computer (which affects CMOS leakage), and weather (which affects the ability to employ free cooling). For the type of system considered, the optimal coolant temperature is found to be a discontinuous function of the other parameters, and traditional chiller cooling is found sometimes to be more energy efficient than free cooling.
Objective Stereo Image Quality Assessment Model based on Matrix Decomposition (2014)

Stereo image quality assessment (SIQA) is a key issue of stereo image processing. Image pixels have strong correlation and highly structured features, according to that an image quality mainly depends on the structure information distortion of the image, an objective stereo image quality assessment (OSIQA) model based on matrix decomposition is proposed. Firstly, the concavity and convexity maps of image are extracted through Hessian matrix decomposition, which reflects complexity of image, and the left-right image quality assessment (LR-IQA) value is gained by judging loss severity of concavity and convexity map, which is adopting singular value decomposition in the left and right images. Secondly, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the absolute difference map that is the absolute differential value between the left image and right image in stereo image are extracted. Eigenvalues can reflect image energy of some directions, and eigenvectors can reflect the directionality of image. Depth perception quality assessment (DP-QA) value is gained by calculating the degree of the structure distortion under the edge and non-edge regions. Finally, OSIQA value is obtained through nonlinearly fitting of LR-IQA value and DP-QA value. Experimental results show that the proposed OSIQA model have a good consistency with subjective perception. The correlation coefficient and spearman rank order correlation coefficient between OSIQA model and subjective perception are more than 0.92, and rooted mean squared error is lower than 6.5. Index Terms—Stereo image quality assessment, left-right image quality assessment, depth perception quality assessment, Hessian matrix
Molecular Subtyping of<i>Treponema pallidum</i>in an Arizona County with Increasing Syphilis Morbidity: Use of Specimens from Ulcers and Blood (2001)

A molecular-based subtyping system for Treponema pallidum was used during an investigation of increasing syphilis in Maricopa County, Arizona. Genital ulcer or whole blood specimens from patients with syphilis were assayed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a T. pallidum DNA polymerase I gene. Positive specimens were typed on the basis of PCR amplification of 2 variable genes. In all, 41 (93%) of 44 of ulcer specimens and 4 (27%) of 15 blood specimens yielded typeable T. pallidum DNA. Twenty-four (53%) of 45 specimens were subtype 14f; other subtypes identified included 4f, 4i, 5f, 12a, 12f, 14a, 14d, 14e, and 14i. Only 2 specimens were from epidemiologically linked patients. This investigation demonstrates that multiple subtypes of T. pallidum can be found in an area with high syphilis morbidity, although 1 subtype (14f) was predominant. Four typeable specimens were from blood, a newly identified specimen source for subtyping.
Multivalent Display of Quinic Acid Based Ligands for Targeting E-Selectin Expressing Cells (2009)

The site-specific expression of molecular markers on endothelial cells of blood vessels during inflammatory response and angiogenesis provides an opportunity to target drugs and imaging molecules to the vascular endothelium of diseased tissues. This paper describes an innovative strategy for selective delivery of polymer conjugates to E- and P-selectin expressing cells using a series of quinic acid (Qa) based non-carbohydrate analogues of the natural ligand sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)) as targeting moieties. We demonstrate that such analogues antagonize the adhesion of sLe(x) expressing HL-60 cells to both E- and P-selectin. Significantly, the apparent avidity of polymer conjugates carrying multiple Qa copies has increased by 3 orders of magnitude relative to their monomeric forms. Furthermore, we found that the major mechanism of copolymer entry and delivery into E-selectin expressing cells is endocytosis. These selectin-targetable copolymers provide the foundation to support controlled delivery of anticancer drugs and imaging agents to tumor vasculature for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.