gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compression of hyperspectral imagery using the 3-D DCT and hybrid DPCM/DCT (1995)

Two systems are presented for compression of hyperspectral imagery which utilize trellis coded quantization (TCQ). Specifically, the first system uses TCQ to encode transform coefficients resulting from the application of an 8/spl times/8/spl times/8 discrete cosine transform (DCT). The second systems uses DPCM to spectrally decorrelate the data, while a 2D DCT coding scheme is used for spatial decorrelation. Side information and rate allocation strategies are discussed. Entropy-constrained code-books are designed using a modified version of the generalized Lloyd algorithm. These entropy constrained systems achieve compression ratios of greater than 70:1 with average PSNRs of the coded hyperspectral sequences exceeding 40.0 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Promoting the Delivery of Nanoparticles to Atherosclerotic Plaques by DNA Coating (2018)

Many nanoparticle-based carriers to atherosclerotic plaques contain peptides, lipoproteins, and sugars, yet the application of DNA-based nanostructures for targeting plaques remains infrequent. In this work, we demonstrate that DNA-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (DNA-SPIONs), prepared by attaching DNA oligonucleotides to poly(ethylene glycol)-coated SPIONs (PEG-SPIONs), effectively accumulate in the macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques following an intravenous injection into apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>) mice. DNA-SPIONs enter RAW 264.7 macrophages faster and more abundantly than PEG-SPIONs. DNA-SPIONs mostly enter RAW 264.7 cells by engaging Class A scavenger receptors (SR-A) and lipid rafts and traffic inside the cell along the endolysosomal pathway. ABS-SPIONs, nanoparticles with a similarly polyanionic surface charge as DNA-SPIONs but bearing abasic oligonucleotides also effectively bind to SR-A and enter RAW 264.7 cells. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging reveals evident localization of DNA-SPIONs in the heart and aorta 30 min post-injection. Aortic iron content for DNA-SPIONs climbs to the peak (∼60% ID/g) 2 h post-injection (accompanied by profuse accumulation in the aortic root), but it takes 8 h for PEG-SPIONs to reach the peak aortic amount (∼44% ID/g). ABS-SPIONs do not appreciably accumulate in the aorta or aortic root, suggesting that the DNA coating (not the surface charge) dictates in vivo plaque accumulation. Flow cytometry analysis reveals more pronounced uptake of DNA-SPIONs by hepatic endothelial cells, splenic macrophages and dendritic cells, and aortic M2 macrophages (the cell type with the highest uptake in the aorta) than PEG-SPIONs. In summary, coating nanoparticles with DNA is an effective strategy of promoting their systemic delivery to atherosclerotic plaques.
A WBG based three phase 12.5 kW 500 kHz CLLC resonant converter with integrated PCB winding transformer (2018)

The three phase resonant converter gains its popularity in high power areas like off-board charger due to its ability to reduce the current stress on devices and achieve higher efficiency. However, very few takes this advantage for the transformer integration to reduce the size of the magnetic components. In addition, by using wide-band-gap devices, the switching frequency of power electronics converters can be pushed to a much higher level, making it possible to implement Printed Circuit Board (PCB) transformer. In this paper, a novel 6-layer only PCB winding transformer is proposed for a three phase CLLC resonant converter. Not only all the resonant inductors are integrated into the transformer, but also the three phase transformers are integrated together so that the size of the magnetic component is significantly reduced. A 12.5 kW 500 kHz hardware prototype with over 97.3% efficiency and 155 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed structure.
Quantified elasticity mapping of retinal layers using synchronized acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (2018)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly (over the age of 60 years) in western countries. In the early stages of the disease, structural changes may be subtle and cannot be detected. Recently it has been postulated that the mechanical properties of the retina may change with the onset of AMD. In this manuscript, we present a novel, non-invasive means that utilizes synchronized acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) to measure and estimate the elasticity of cadaver porcine retina. Both regions near the optic nerve and in the peripheral retina were studied. An acoustic force is exerted on the tissue for excitation and the resulting tissue vibrations, often in the nanometer scale, are detected with high-resolution optical methods. Segmentation has been performed to isolate individual layers and the Young's modulus has been estimated for each. The results have been successfully compared and mapped to corresponding histological results using H&E staining. Finally, 64 elastograms of the retina were analyzed, as well as the elastic properties, with stiffness ranging from 1.3 to 25.9 kPa in the ganglion to the photoreceptor sides respectively. ARF-OCE allows for the elasticity mapping of anatomical retinal layers. This imaging approach needs further evaluation but has the potential to allow physicians to gain a better understanding of the elasticity of retinal layers in retinal diseases such as AMD.
Computer‐Assisted Modeling of Osseous Impingement and Resection in Femoroacetabular Impingement (2012)

Level IV, diagnostic study.
Level Reassignment: A Technique for Bit-Rate Reduction (1978)

Three techniques are described for reducing the entropy of a digitally coded monochrome picture signal by dynamically changing the input-output relationships of a single quantizer. This is done by reassigning the input levels of the quantizer to different representative output levels in such a way as to reduce the entropy of the quantized output, while keeping the visibility of the resultant quantization noise below a certain specified threshold. These techniques are simulated both in the pel and the transform domain for a simple differential pulse code modulation system and Hadamard transform coding system, respectively. It is found that they reduce the entropy by about 20 to 25 percent in the pel domain without noticeably sacrificing the picture quality. In the Hadamard transform domain, the entropy of the first transform coefficient can be decreased by about 23 percent with little change in picture quality.
Disposable Magnetically Levitated Centrifugal Blood Pump: Design and In Vitro Performance (2005)

A magnetically levitated (MagLev) centrifugal blood pump (CBP) with a disposable pump head has been designed to realize a safe, easy-to-handle, reliable, and low-cost extracorporeal blood pump system. It consisted of a radial magnetic-coupled driver with a magnetic bearing having a two-degree freedom control and a disposable pump head unit with a priming volume of 24 mL. The easy on-off disposable pump head unit was made into a three-piece system consisting of the top and bottom housings, and the impeller-rotor assembly. The size and weight of the disposable pump unit were 75 mm x 45 mm and 100 g, respectively. Because the structure of the pump head unit is easily attachable and removable, the gap between the electromagnets of the stator and the target material in the rotor increased to 1.8 mm in comparison to the original integrated bearing system of 1.0 mm. The pump performance, power requirements, and controllability of the magnetic bearing revealed that from 1400 to 2400 rpm, the pump performance remained fairly unchanged. The amplitudes of the X- and Y-axis rotor oscillation increased to +/- 24 microm. The axial displacement of the rotor, 0.4 mm, toward the top housing was also observed at the pump rpm between 1400 and 2400. The axial and rotational stiffness of the bearing were 15.9 N/mm and 4.4 Nm/rad, respectively. The MagLev power was within 0.7 Watts. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a disposable, magnetically suspended CBP as the safe, reliable, easy-to-handle, low-cost extracorporeal circulation support device.
Digital Predistortion of LTE-A Power Amplifiers Using Compressed-Sampling-Based Unstructured Pruning of Volterra Series (2014)

This paper presents a method for pruning power amplifier (PA) behavioral models and digital predistorters based on compressed sampling theory. Using this method, the number of coefficients required by behavioral models and predistorters can be significantly reduced while achieving comparable performance in terms of both modeling accuracy and suppressing distortions. Hardware measurements obtained for a Doherty PA driven by a five-carrier 100-MHz wide long-term evolution-advanced signal demonstrate the capability of the proposed method to linearize a highly nonlinear PA prototype using a minimal number of coefficients, revealing the attractive properties of the proposed method and its desirable performance. Using the proposed technique, predistorters achieving similar linearization performance while requiring significantly less coefficients than the traditional models were demonstrated.
A Hardware-Assisted Visibility-Ordering Algorithm With Applications To Volume Rendering (2001)

We propose a hardware-assisted visibility ordering algorithm. From a given viewpoint, a (back-to-front) visibility ordering of a set of objects is a partial order on the objects such that if object A obstructs object B, then B precedes A in the ordering. Such orderings are useful because they are the building blocks of other rendering algorithms such as direct volume rendering of unstructured grids. The traditional way to compute the visibility order is to build a set of visibility relations (e.g., B < p A), and then run a topological sort on the set of relations to actually get the partial ordering. Our technique instead works by assigning a layer number to each primitive, which directly determines the visibility ordering. Objects that have the same layer number are independent, and have no obstruction between each other. We use a simple technique which exploits a combination of the z- and stencil buffers to compute the layer number of each primitive. One application of our technique is to obtain a fast unstructured volume rendering algorithm. In this paper, we present our technique and its implementation in OpenGL. We also discuss its performance and some optimizations on some recent graphics hardware architectures.
Optimization of Delta-Sigma ADC for Column-Level Data Conversion in CMOS Image Sensors (2007)

A delta-sigma analog-to-digital-converter (ADC) is designed, optimized and simulated for column-level data conversion in a CMOS image sensor. For a 0.18μm process, the design achieves 80dB of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), including a 10dB margin for kTC noise not simulated, and consumes 210μW of power at a 50kHz sampling rate. Low power is realized mainly by using a first-order architecture and minimizing the capacitors. For the modulator, a boosted-folded-cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is optimized to achieve a gain of 90dB with a unity-gain bandwidth of 300MHz. The decimator is also optimized by placing part of the circuit at the chip level. Zero distortion is possible in the decimator due to the discrete-time nature of the input signal. The proposed ADC allows a reduction in the read-out nonlinearity of a CMOS image sensor, enabling a high SNR to be realized.
Application of zone plates to alignment in microlithography (1981)

Zone plates are patterned areas with imaging properties. When printed on masks and wafers and suitably illuminated, they form high contrast images which are useful for alignment in microlithography. As with holograms, defects in the pattern arising from variations in processing and linewidth control and poor edge definition degrade the image only marginally. This paper describes the use of zone plate alignment systems for die alignment in step and repeat cameras and for x-ray proximity printing. We find extended targets incoherently illuminated are suitable for manual alignment but better signal-to-noise ratios (important in automatic alignment) are obtained by using the zone plates to focus laser beams to nearly diffraction limited point sources. With zone plates approximately 100 μ in diameter and 300 μ focal length, we have obtained signal-to-noise ratios greater than 100 to 1 and alignment accuracy better than ±0.1 μ.
Covering all clinically significant areas of the colon surface in virtual colonoscopy (2002)

We have developed a method that automatically displays, places in sized order and allows viewing of the areas of the colon surface not visualized during initial endoscopic navigational viewing. While complete surface visualization is possible, we demonstrate that all of these missed patches do not have to be reviewed to detect clinically significant colon polyps. CT scans are performed on 147 patients and volunteers after bowel preparation and colon distention with CO<SUB>2</SUB>. After automatic segmentation and electronic cleansing of the colon lumen, the medial axis (centerline) is extracted. Volume rendering fly-through along the centerline is performed and visualized surfaces are marked. To simulate optical colonoscopy, the virtual camera is passed in the antegrade direction. For virtual colonoscopy, the camera is passed both antegrade and retrograde, and the combined visible surface voxel count is recorded. After both fly-throughs, the total visualized surface is recorded and all 'patches' of connected surface area not yet seen are identified, measured, sorted by size, and counted. Clinically significant patches, defined as smallest diameter being > 5mm, are sequentially visualized by stepping through the sorted list until reaching the patch diameter of 5 mm.. for each. By enabling endoscopic navigation in both antegrade and retrograde directions, virtual colonoscopy is able to evaluate behind haustral folds and around sharp bends, thereby visualizing significantly more surface area than optical colonoscopy. Furthermore, automatic marking of the visualized surface area and identifying and viewing unseen patches allows examination of all clinically significant surfaces of the colon.
Combining Hit Identification Strategies: Fragment-Based and in Silico Approaches to Orally Active 2-Aminothieno[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine Inhibitors of the Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone (2009)

Inhibitors of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone are showing considerable promise as potential molecular therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Here we describe novel 2-aminothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine ATP competitive Hsp90 inhibitors, which were designed by combining structural elements of distinct low affinity hits generated from fragment-based and in silico screening exercises in concert with structural information from X-ray protein crystallography. Examples from this series have high affinity (IC50 = 50-100 nM) for Hsp90 as measured in a fluorescence polarization (FP) competitive binding assay and are active in human cancer cell lines where they inhibit cell proliferation and exhibit a characteristic profile of depletion of oncogenic proteins and concomitant elevation of Hsp72. Several examples (34a, 34d and 34i) caused tumor growth regression at well tolerated doses when administered orally in a human BT474 human breast cancer xenograft model.
Frequency of KCNC3 DNA Variants as Causes of Spinocerebellar Ataxia 13 (SCA13) (2011)

Mutations in KCNC3 are a rare cause of spinocerebellar ataxia with a frequency of less than 1%. The p.Arg423His mutation is recurrent in different populations and associated with early onset. In contrast to previous p.Arg423His mutation carriers, we now observed seizures and mild mental retardation in one individual. This study confirms the wide phenotypic spectrum in SCA13.
Therapeutic potential of AGS-PSCA: A fully human monoclonal antibody to prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) for the treatment of prostate and pancreatic cancers (2005)

4722 Background: PSCA is a 123 amino acid GPI-linked surface antigen that is expressed in approximately 80% of prostate cancers and 50% of pancreatic and bladder cancers (Reiter et al., PNAS, 95:1753, 1998; Amara et. al., Cancer Res. 61: 4660, 2001; Argani et. al., Cancer Res. 61: 4320, 2001). In human prostate cancers elevated PSCA levels are correlated with advanced disease and androgen independence, including high expression in bone metastases (Gu et al., Oncogene 19: 1288, 2000). Previous studies with a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) demonstrated the therapeutic potential of PSCA MAbs in prostate cancer xenograft models and provided the rationale for developing fully human MAb to treat localized and metastatic prostate cancers in man (Saffran et. al. PNAS 98: 2658, 2001). Methods and Results: XenoMouse technology was employed to identify a therapeutic antibody product candidate, AGS-PSCA, a high affinity (Kd = 1.6 x 10-10M) fully human IgG1κ antibody. Our studies show that AGS-PSCA can significantly inhibit the growth of established LAPC9 androgen-independent tumors grown subcutaneously and established LAPC9 androgen-dependent tumors grown orthotopically. In the orthotopic models, AGS-PSCA significantly increased the lifespan and cured tumors in a subset of mice. To further evaluate the efficacy of AGS-PSCA in a clinically relevant setting, experiments were performed with AGS-PSCA in combination with Docetaxol using patient-derived prostate tumor xenografts. Enhanced activity was demonstrated when AGS-PSCA was administered in combination with Docetaxol to established LAPC9 androgen-independent prostate tumors. In addition, AGS-PSCA significantly inhibited the growth of pancreatic tumors grown subcutaneously and orthotopically. Conclusions: These data provide strong evidence for the anti-tumor activity of AGS-PSCA as a monotherapy and in combination with an approved chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic prostate and pancreatic cancers. Activities are underway to progress this promising antibody product candidate into human clinical trials. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Agensys Agensys
In vitro and in vivo anticancer action of Saquinavir-NO, a novel nitric oxide-derivative of the protease inhibitor saquinavir, on hormone resistant prostate cancer cells (2011)

The NO-derivative of the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir (Saq-NO) is a nontoxic variant of the parental drug with enhanced anticancer activity on several cell lines. However, it is still unclear whether the p53 status of the target cell might influence the sensitivity to Saq-NO. In this study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of Saq-NO on the p53-deficient hormone resistant prostate cancer PC-3 cells. We demonstrate that the absence of functional p53 is not essential for the capacity of Saq-NO to reduce prostate cancer cell growth. In contrast to its previously described cytostatic action in B16 and C6 cell lines, Saq-NO exerted cytotoxic effects in PC-3 cells leading to dominant induction of apoptosis and enhanced production of proapoptotic Bim. In addition, differently from saquinavir, Saq-NO restored TRAIL sensitivity that was correlated with increased expression of DR5 independent from ROS/RNS production and YY1 repression. NF-κB activation may be responsible of the Saq-NO induced DR5 expression. Moreover, Saq-NO but not saquinavir, exerted synergistic activity with conventional cytostatic therapy. In agreement with these in vitro studies, Saq-NO inhibited the in vivo growth of PC-3 cells xenotransplants to a greater extent than the parental compound. Taken together, these data indicate that Saq-NO possesses powerful and suitable in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic potential to be further studied as a novel drug for the treatment of prostate cancer in the clinical setting.
Effect of lipopolysaccharide from periodontal pathogens on the production of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 by human gingival fibroblasts (2001)

Both tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) are important proteolysis factors present in inflamed human periodontal tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the synthesis of t-PA and PAI-2 by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). LPS from different periodontal pathogens including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were extracted by the hot phenol water method. The levels of t-PA and PAI-2 secreted into the cell culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The mRNA for t-PA and PAI-2 were measured by RT-PCR. The results showed t-PA synthesis was increased in response to all types of LPS studied and PAI-2 level was increased by LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum, but not P. gingivalis. When comparing the effects of LPS from non-periodontal bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis) with the LPS from periodontal pathogens, we found that the ratio of t-PA to PAI-2 was greater following exposure of the cells to LPS from periodontal pathogens. The highest ratio of t-PA to PAI-2 was found in those cells exposed to LPS from P. gingivalis. These results indicate that LPS derived from periodontal pathogens may cause unbalanced regulation of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor by HGF and such an effect may, in part, contribute to the destruction of periodontal connective tissue through dysregulated pericellular proteolysis.
Steam drying lumber above atmospheric pressure (1981)

The high cost of fossil fuel and soaring interest rates have encouraged people in the wood industry to look for faster and more energy-efficient methods to dry lumber. At our laboratories in Carbondale, Illinois, we have been looking at a new approach to dry lumber called pressure steam drying. In this method lumber is dried at a pressure above one atmosphere and a temperature above 212°F. In this paper we discuss the principles of steam drying lumber, present data from a prototype dryer, and compare the cost of conventional kiln with that of pressure steam drying.
RFID (2004)

A radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag is a small, inexpensive wireless device that emits an identifier in response to interrogation from a nearby reader. The price of basic RFID tags promises to drop to the range of several cents per unit in the next several years, offering a viable and versatile successor technology to the optical barcode. In this and many other guises, RFID is poised to play an important role in the commercial world. RFID will also increasingly enter the hands of consumers in the form of payment devices and physical access tokens, and at some point as item-specific barcodes.In spreading information about the whereabouts of physical objects, RFID will add a beneficial new layer of awareness to computing networks. The flip side, however, will be a host of new privacy and security problems. With their exceedingly frugal computing resources, basic RFID tags pose an especial challenge to security architects. True cryptographic functionality will likely remain beyond the reach of these devices for some time to come. RFID therefore calls for specially adapted security techniques.Keeping such facts in sight, this talk explores some emerging technical approaches to privacy and security for RFID systems.