gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary biology of anti-interleukin 5 antibodies (1997)

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a critical cytokine for the maturation of eosinophil precursors to eosinophils in the bone marrow and those eosinophils then accumulated in the lungs during asthma. We have studied anti IL-5 antibodies on allergic responses in mice, guinea pigs and monkeys and are extending this experiment into humans with a humanized antibody. In a monkey model of pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperreactivity, we found that the TRFK-5 antibody blocked both responses for three months following a single does of 0.3 mg/kg, i.v. This antibody also blocked lung eosinophilia in mice by inhibiting release from the bone marrow. To facilitate multiple dosing and to reduce immunogenicity in humans, we prepared Sch 55700, a humanized antibody against IL-5. Sch 55700 was also active against lung eosinophilia in allergic monkeys and mice and against pulmonary eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. Furthermore, as opposed to steroids, Sch 55700 did not cause immunosuppression in guinea pigs. Studies with this antibody in humans will be critical to establishing the therapeutic potential of IL-5 inhibition.
Design of concurrently testable microprogrammed control units (1982)

Four schemes for the design of concurrently testable microprogrammed control units are presented. In Schemes 1 and 2 the concept of path signatures is used for detection of malfunctions in the control unit. Two different methods for computation of signatures are given. In Schemes 3 and 4, a check-symbol is assigned to each microinstruction and the integrity of these check-symbols is checked concurrently. A deterministic approach is used for generation of check-symbols in Scheme 4. A comparative study of these schemes is done with respect to storage and time overhead, error coverage, and implementation complexity.
Interleukin-10 Prevents Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance by Attenuating Macrophage and Cytokine Response in Skeletal Muscle (2009)

These results demonstrate that IL-10 increases insulin sensitivity and protects skeletal muscle from obesity-associated macrophage infiltration, increases in inflammatory cytokines, and their deleterious effects on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of anti-inflammatory cytokine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Nonwoven Fabrics (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Raw Materials 2.1. Fibers 2.2. Binders 3. Production Processes 3.1. Web Formation 3.1.1. Dry Web Formation 3.1.2. Wet (Hydrodynamic) Web Formation 3.1.3. Spunbondeds 3.2. Bonding of Nonwovens 3.2.1. Mechanical Bonding 3.2.2. Adhesive Bonding 3.2.3. Thermal Bonding 3.3. Finishing and Posttreatment 4. Economic Aspects and Areas of Application 5. Testing
Development of citrullinated-vimentin-specific CAR for targeting Tregs to treat autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis (2018)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases that is characterized by an aberrant inflammation of the synovial membrane that causes irreversible joint and bone damage. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are defective in RA patients while adoptive transfer of expanded autologous Tregs efficiently reversed disease in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model of RA. These studies strongly suggest that Treg therapy may be effective in the treatment of RA patients by reducing joint inflammation and inducing immune tolerance. However, clinical treatment with polyclonal Tregs may lead to general immunosuppression. Thus, the development of precise RA Ag-specific Tregs would increase specific activity, promote selective migration to the site of the abnormal inflammation and enhance their function. Thus, we engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing Tregs specifically targeting an antigen present in the joint of RA patients to induce a localized and effective immunosuppressive response. We developed a single chain Fv directed against a posttranslational modified intermediate filament protein, citrullinated vimentin (CV), an antigen found, almost exclusively, in the extracellular matrix of the synovial tissue of the RA patients and implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. The scFv was grafted into a functional CAR construct, transduced into human Tregs and shown to react with CV expressed in RA patient synovial fluid and CV-expressing cells. Studies are underway to demonstrate the functional activity of these CAR-expressing Tregs in in vivo mouse models a validation step in the development of a promising therapeutic tool to treat RA and potentially other autoimmune disorders.
Induction and Enhancement of Cardiac Cell Differentiation from Mouse and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Cyclosporin-A (2011)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are novel stem cells derived from adult mouse and human tissues by reprogramming. Elucidation of mechanisms and exploration of efficient methods for their differentiation to functional cardiomyocytes are essential for developing cardiac cell models and future regenerative therapies. We previously established a novel mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) and iPSC differentiation system in which cardiovascular cells can be systematically induced from Flk1(+) common progenitor cells, and identified highly cardiogenic progenitors as Flk1(+)/CXCR4(+)/VE-cadherin(-) (FCV) cells. We have also reported that cyclosporin-A (CSA) drastically increases FCV progenitor and cardiomyocyte induction from mouse ESCs. Here, we combined these technologies and extended them to mouse and human iPSCs. Co-culture of purified mouse iPSC-derived Flk1(+) cells with OP9 stroma cells induced cardiomyocyte differentiation whilst addition of CSA to Flk1(+) cells dramatically increased both cardiomyocyte and FCV progenitor cell differentiation. Spontaneously beating colonies were obtained from human iPSCs by co-culture with END-2 visceral endoderm-like cells. Appearance of beating colonies from human iPSCs was increased approximately 4.3 times by addition of CSA at mesoderm stage. CSA-expanded human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes showed various cardiac marker expressions, synchronized calcium transients, cardiomyocyte-like action potentials, pharmacological reactions, and ultra-structural features as cardiomyocytes. These results provide a technological basis to obtain functional cardiomyocytes from iPSCs.
Synthesis, characterization and rheological behavior of pH sensitive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels (2013)

Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) poly(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization initiated by redox initiators of ammonium peroxodisulphate (APS) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl ethylene diamine (TEMED); N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS) was employed as a crosslinking agent. The copolymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic rheology and swelling measurements. Results indicated that the strong interaction in the hydrogels resulted in the formation of a more stable copolymer. The single glass transition temperature (Tg) in sample suggested that the two polymers into the hydrogel have a good miscibility. The elastic modulus (G′) and linear viscoelastic region increased with increase in PAAc concentration. The oscillation time sweep study of the hydrogels exhibited a flat G′ indicating a stable structure and good mechanical strength. In the swelling measurements, the gels exhibited appreciable water uptake and were highly sensitive to pH environment. So the poly(AAm-co-AAc) hydrogel will have promising application in pharmaceutical use and in biomaterials.
Color Stereoscopic Steps for Road Obstacle Detection (2006)

In this article, we present a fast and self-adaptive stereo vision system for road obstacle detection. Both calibration and processing are detailed. Concerning color calibration, it is verified and adjusted by changing chrominance and brightness of cameras. Steps of processing are as follows: first, vertical edges points are extracted using the operator color declivity. Then, vertical edges points are associated using dynamic programming based on geometric, non-reversal, uniqueness and color photometric constraints. Finally, 3D edges of obstacle are extracted and obstacles are bounded by boxes. Performance of segmentation, matching and obstacle detection are discussed. Experimental results are shown
Protective Effects of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Extract on KBrO<sub>3</sub>-Induced Kidney Damage in Mice (2007)

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent used as a food additive which causes kidney damage as a potent nephrotoxic agent, and the mechanism may be explained by the generation of oxygen free radicals. Our experiments showed that single intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg KBrO3 could induce serious kidney damage, with an increase in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. Five-day oral administration of bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg resulted in a reversal in serum BUN and creatinine to normal levels and decreased kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels. Also, bilberry extract improved oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) levels in kidney tissue, which showed that bilberry extract reduced the degree of oxidative stress and kidney damage induced by KBrO3. These findings demonstrate that the protective effect of bilberry extract is attributed to its free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect.
Dynamic Range and Complexity Optimization of Mixed-Signal Machine Learning Systems (2021)

Audio processing had been in demand throughout the electronic era. Recent advances in neural networks increased the demand on audio processing for speech recognition applications. In this work, a rigorous study on the dynamic range and system complexity optimization is presented for a mixed-signal keyword spotting system. The proposed system consists of an analog feature extractor and a neural network based keyword classifier. The results showed that with the proposed method, more than an order of magnitude power saving can be achieved in the analog feature extraction compared to the digital state-of-the-art counterpart.
Expression of catenins in human cancer cells and its regulation by n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. (1996)

Catenins (alpha, beta, and gamma) are a group of proteins linking E-cadherin with the cytoskeleton. Reduced expression of alpha catenin has been shown in some cancer lines and tissues and is related to the invasive nature of tumour cells. This study examined the effects of n-6 PUFAs on the expression of catenins in a range of human cancer cells by Western blotting. Although most of the cell lines expressed similar levels of beta and gamma catenins, a number of cell lines expressed low levels of alpha catenin. Treatment of cells with gamma linolenic acid (GLA) increased alpha catenin expression in most cell lines, while beta catenin levels were reduced, and gamma catenin expression was unchanged. Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid had not significant effects. We conclude that in human cancer cell lines, the expression of alpha and beta catenins can be regulated by gamma linolenic acid.
Deep Learning Application to 5G Physical Layer for Channel Estimation and CSI Feedback Improvement (2019)

Starting from the last decades of the 20th century, Machine Learning has been widely applied in many engineering fields, such as communications, speech and image processing, computer vision and robotics, resulting particularly effective and useful in contexts where a rigorous mathematical model of the problem is too hard to be elaborated. Focusing on wireless communication systems, in recent years Machine Learning applications to the upper layers have been minutely explored for various purposes, like the deployment of cognitive radio and Self Organized Networks or the resource management, while its application to the physical layer has been somehow overlooked. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the potential use of neural networks for the optimization of specific physical layer blocks in a communication system, taking into account the peculiar characteristics of the emerging radio technologies based on 5G standard (e.g. massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, beamforming, millimeter Waves) and all their related challenges. In particular, the analysis focuses on channel estimation and Channel State Information feedback reporting blocks, providing data and statistics that are representative of how Machine Learning algorithms introduction affects radio link performance, in terms of BLock Error Rate and throughput.
A new route to 4-hydroxytetralones and 1-naphthols (1981)

The lithium salts, derived from position 3 of phthalides by treatment with hindered bases, participate in Michael addition reactions with a variety of conjugated olefins. For singly-activated olefins the conjugate anion reacts intramolecularly with the lactone group to produce 4-hydroxytetralones in moderate to good yield. Dehydration of these hydroxytetralones, by brief treatment with acid, produces the corresponding α-naphthol. Substituted phthalides react similarly making the method a general one for the production of substituted α-naphthols.
Imidazolium Ion-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au:  Effects of Counteranions on Surface Wettability (2003)

Self-assembled monolayers presenting imidazolium ions at the tail ends (SAMIMs) having different counteranions have been prepared on Au, and the measurement of water contact angles of the surfaces proved to be an extremely valuable simple technique for quantifying the effects of counteranions on hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of SAMIMs, which will be extrapolated to the water miscibility of the related ionic liquids.
Cooled microwave transrectal applicator with adjustable directional beam for prostate treatment (1995)

A new intracavitary applicator design for microwave hyperthermia, particularly for transrectal prostate treatment, is presented. It includes an exchangeable multisection antenna that enables us to create a required longitudinal heating pattern, a cooling system to shift the maximum temperature away from the surface and a microwave reflecting system embedded in the cooling system that allows one to shape the irradiation beam in a transverse direction. Independent control of the longitudinal and transverse irradiation patterns of the applicator along with the cooling system, enable precise heating of selected tissues. Results of SAR measurements, E-field measurements and steady state temperature distributions, in solid and liquid tissue-equivalent phantoms are presented. Clinical performance of this applicator was evaluated earlier in patients heated intraoperatively and in a phase I clinical study. The applicator was found capable of effectively heating a tissue volume extending radially 3-25 mm from the applicator surface, angularly defined by configuration of reflecting system and longitudinally determined by specific choice of the multisection antenna.
Synthesis of 4,5 Disubstituted 2-Chloronicotinates (1993)

Abstract Vilsmeier Haack reagent was found to react with alkylidenecyanoacetate to afford in one step 4.5 disubstituted 2-chloronicotinates.
Hypothyroidism prolongs and increases <i>mdx</i> muscle precursor proliferation and delays myotube formation in normal and dystrophic limb muscle (1995)

Hypothyroidism (induced by 8 weeks of oral 0.05% propylthiouracil) heightened the phenotype of mdx mouse dystrophin-deficient myopathy to more closely resemble human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle repair after crush injury to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in hypothyroid mdx mice showed decreased myotube formation and delayed debris removal. To investigate whether reduced muscle precursor cell proliferation can account for the effects of hypothyroidism on repair from injury, immunocytochemistry for neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) on muscle precursor cells and autoradiography to detect DNA synthesis were performed in control and mdx TA. The proportions of labelled polymorphonuclear leukocyte nuclei (PMN), myotube nuclei (MN), and total mononuclear cell nuclei (TLN, the majority being muscle precursors) were counted in defined areas of regenerating TA after 2 and 4 days recovery. MN and the numbers of activated satellite cell nuclei on intact fibers were counted in surviving areas. In the same muscle, earlier phases of regeneration were observed in areas distal than proximal to the injury. At 2 days of regeneration, labelled PMN were increased in treated compared with untreated mdx TA. In distal areas at 4 days, fewer muscle precursors had recently fused to myotubes in treated than in untreated mdx. In proximal areas 4 days (relatively late in repair), TLN data suggested that muscle precursor proliferation was greater in hypothyroid compared with untreated mdx TA. NCAM immunostaining was consistent with proliferation data and confirmed that there were more muscle precursors in mdx than in control regenerating muscle. These results suggest that hypothyroidism prolongs and increases the phase of replication by mdx muscle precursors and delays precursor fusion into myotubes in regeneration.
Vitamin D Receptor:  Ligand Recognition and Allosteric Network (2006)

To investigate the allosteric effects of ligands in the function of nuclear receptors, we performed exhaustive alanine scanning mutational analysis (ASMA) of the residues lining the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of the human vitamin D receptor. The effects of ligands were examined in this system (termed two-dimensional (2D) ASMA) using 10 structurally and biologically characteristic ligands that included agonists, partial agonists, and a full antagonist. The results clearly revealed the role and importance of all the amino acid residues lining the LBP and the relationships between ligand binding and transcriptional potency. 2D ASMA indicated ligand-specific ligand-protein interactions, which have key importance in determining the transactivation potency of the ligand. Taking the results as a whole, we suggest a ligand-mediated allosteric network through which information from ligands is transmitted to the interfaces with protein cofactors and which was shown to be linked to part of the network found by statistical coupling analysis.
Agarose/collagen composite scaffold as an anti-adhesive sheet (2007)

The objective of this work was to find a new material or new technology to achieve satisfactory post-surgery anti-adhesion. An agarose/collagen composite sheet was developed to prevent mesenchymal cells and extracellular matrix from adhering on the lesion site, in which agarose formed uniaxial channels that hindered penetration and intercommunication of cells among pores in a 3D sheet. The tensile strength of the composite sheet in the designed ratio of agarose and collagen was over 17 MPa in dry and 2 MPa in wet, which was suitable and convenient to be sewed or operated on in other general surgery. In vitro and in vivo experimental results showed that fibroblasts, adult-derived adipose stem cells, could not penetrate into the sheet and formed a 3D tissue, and agarose did not degrade in three weeks. The demonstration that this sheet can prevent mesenchymal cells from penetrating in 3D and forming a tissue warrants the agarose-based composite for an anti-adhesive membrane.
Muscle Pathway Geometry in the Heart Wall (1983)

Muscle fiber pathways in the heart wall are described. Procedures are introduced which permit data to be standardized from cadaver and animal hearts fixed at different points of the cardiac cycle or obtained in vivo from patients with different ejection fractions and heart masses. Design criteria are also developed here to construct a hypothetical standard left ventricle to compare the data from different hearts. The equations allow the nested set of toroidal fiber-shells to be depicted with typical muscle fiberpaths. With this formulation the heart wall and typical elements in it can be shown computergraphically as they move from the contracted state to the distended. Man-made fiber structures that simulate the fail-safe shockload absorbing features of the heart can now be designed and tested computergraphically by use of the mathematical procedures described here.
Vitamin C-Induced Oxalate Nephropathy (2011)

Although a multitude of syndromes have been thoroughly described as a result of vitamin deficiencies, over consumption of such substances may also be quite dangerous. Intratubular crystallization of calcium oxalate as a result of hyperoxaluria can cause acute renal failure. This type of renal failure is known as oxalate nephropathy. Hyperoxaluria occurs as a result of inherited enzymatic deficiencies known as primary hyperoxaluria or from exogenous sources known as secondary hyperoxaluria. Extensive literature has reported and explained the mechanism of increased absorption of oxalate in malabsorptive syndromes leading to renal injury. However, other causes of secondary hyperoxaluria may also take place either via direct dietary consumption of oxalate rich products or via other substances which may metabolize into oxalate within the body. Vitamin C is metabolized to oxalate. Oral or parenteral administration of this vitamin has been used in multiple settings such as an alternative treatment of malignancy or as an immune booster. This article presents a clinical case in which ingestion of high amounts of vitamin C lead to oxalate nephropathy. This article further reviews other previously published cases in order to illustrate and highlight the potential renal harm this vitamin poses if consumed in excessive amounts.
A Human Face Shaped Ultra Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth (2019)

This paper presents a human face shaped ultrawideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna that can operate from 3 GHz to 14.7 GHz with a notch from 5 GHz to 6.3 GHz. The notch helps to reject the WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) 5 - 6 GHz bands which causes interference within the ultra-wide band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The antenna has a human face shaped patch, partial ground plane and is fed by 50ω microstrip line. The bandwidth is enhanced by having triangular and rectangular defects in the ground plane which are referred as defected ground structures (DGS). The antenna is designed, simulated and optimized using CST microwave studio. Various antenna parameters such as reflection coefficient, radiation patterns, gain, efficiency etc are presented and discussed in this paper. It is evident that the antenna is well suitable for UWB applications from the simulation and measured results. The proposed antenna is simple in configuration and has wide bandwidth, high gain, high efficiency, less reflection coefficient and is compact in size.