gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rating Prediction via Graph Signal Processing (2018)

This paper develops new designs for recommendation systems inspired by recent advances in graph signal processing. Recommendation systems aim to predict unknown ratings by exploiting the information revealed in a subset of user-item observed ratings. Leveraging the notions of graph frequency and graph filters, we demonstrate that classical collaborative filtering methods, such as k -nearest neighbors (NN), can be modeled as a specific band-stop graph filter on networks describing similarities between users or items. We also demonstrate that linear latent factor (LF) models, such as low-rank matrix completion, can be viewed as bandlimited interpolation algorithms that operate in a frequency domain given by the spectrum of a joint user and item network. These new interpretations pave the way to new methods for enhanced rating prediction. For NN-based collaborative filtering, we develop more general band-stop graph filters, and present a novel predictor, called mirror filtering (MiFi), that filters jointly across user and item networks. For LF, we propose a low complexity method by exploiting the eigenvector of correlation matrices constructed from known ratings. The performance of our algorithms is assessed in the MovieLens 100 k dataset, showing that our designs reduce the root mean-squared error (up to a 6.85% for MiFi) compared to one incurred by the benchmark collaborative filtering approach.
Influence of Thermal Decomposition on the Mechanical Properties of Magnesia‐Stabilized Cubic Zirconia (1983)

Cubic magnesia‐stabilized zirconia was decomposed by isothermal heat treatment at 1100°C. The mechanical properties, including strength, fracture toughness, and hardness, were measured at various stages during the decomposition process. The strength initially decreased with aging but then recovered almost to its initial value. This strength decrease was associated with cracking of islands of the cubic phase in the matrix of monoclinic zirconia. The fracture toughness followed the strength although it was found that the monoclinic phase exhibited stable crack growth during notched beam fracture experiments or R ‐curve behavior. Measurements of the hardness indicated that the cubic phase was much harder than the monoclinic phase. In addition, X‐ray diffraction, optical, and transmission electron microscopy studies were made of the decomposition process.
Abstract 1468: Cerium oxide nanoparticles sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to radiation by modulating the JNK pathway (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal cancers, has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. Currently, the absence of effective therapies increases reliance on radiation therapy (RT) to treat pancreatic cancer. We have previously reported that Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CONPs) are selectively toxic to cancer cells and possess the ability to selectively sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to radiation-induced cell death. Radiation-induced H2O2 production was significantly increased in the presence of less than or equal to 10 µM of CONPs and radiation-induced ROS production was increased in human L3.6pl pancreatic cancer cells pre-treated with 10 µM CONPs, which correlated with a significant decrease in cell viability and clonogenicity as compared to radiation alone. Conversely, ROS production was decreased in normal hTERT-HPNE pancreatic cells without impacting cell viability. The volume of pancreatic tumors was reduced by 48% in mice treated with combination therapy compared to radiation alone. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis revealed that combination therapy resulted in a significant increase in tumor cell apoptosis. In the most recent study, we determined the mechanism responsible for the increase in apoptosis as a result of increased ROS levels. L3.6pl cells (radiation sensitive), PANC-1 (radiation resistant) and HPNE (normal pancreatic cells) were treated with 5 Gy radiation in the presence or absence of 10 µM CONPs. CONPs selectively increased RT-induced Thioredoxin (TRX) oxidation in the cancer cells (L3.6pl: 14.2%, p&lt;0.001; PANC-1: 23.5%, p&lt;0.005) which correlated with a 35-40% increase in ASK-1 phosphorylation in both cell lines. Excitingly, western blot analyses showed a selective increase in JNK phosphorylation in both radiation sensitive (L3.6pl: JNK1 at 15%, JNK2 at 20%) and radiation resistant (PANC-1: JNK1 at 36%, JNK2 at 37%) cells which correlated with an increase in Caspase 3/7 activity (L3.6pl: 36.4%, p&lt;0.05; PANC-1: 43.1%, p&lt;0.05) compared to radiation alone. Knockdown of JNK expression by siRNA resulted in abrogation of Caspase 3/7 activity and corresponding cell death. Combination therapy of CONPs and radiation in an orthotopic murine model produced significant increases in JNK phosphorylation and Caspase 3 cleavage shown by IHC analysis. These data suggest that CONPs may act as a radiosensitizer in treatment of pancreatic cancer through the induction of JNK activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1468. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1468
Growth Hormone Releasing Substances: Types and Their Receptors (1999)

A series of structurally diverse growth hormone (GH) releasing substances have been synthesized that are distinct from the naturally occurring GH releasing hormone (GHRH). These synthetic molecules range from the family of GH releasing peptides and mimetics such as MK-0677. The physiological importance of these molecules and their receptor is exemplified by studies in the elderly. For example, when MK-0677 was administered chronically to 70- to 90-year-old subjects, once daily, the age-related reduced amplitude of GH pulses was reversed to that of the physiological profile typical of young adults. In 1996, the synthesis of (35)S-MK-0677 was reported and used as a ligand to characterize a common receptor (GH secretagogue receptor [GHS-R]) for the GH releasing substances. The GHS-R is distinct from the GHRH receptor. Subsequently, the GHS-R gene was cloned and shown to encode a unique G-protein coupled receptor with a deduced protein sequence that was 96% identical in human and rat. Because of the physiological importance of the GHS-R, a search for family members (FMs) was initiated and its molecular evolution investigated. Three FMs GPR38, GPR39 and FM3 were isolated from human genomic libraries. To accelerate the identification of other FMs, a vertebrate organism with a compact genome distant in evolutionary terms from humans was exploited. The pufferfish (Spheroides nephelus) genome provides an ideal model for the discovery of human genes. Three distinct full-length clones encoding proteins of significant sequence identity to the human GHS-R were cloned from the pufferfish. Remarkably, the pufferfish gene with highest sequence homology to the human receptor was activated by the hexapeptide and non-peptide ligands. These intriguing results show that the structure and function of the ligand binding pocket of the human GHS-R has been highly conserved in evolution ( approximately 400 million years) and strongly suggests that an endogenous natural ligand has been conserved. This new information is consistent with a natural ligand for the GHS-R playing a fundamentally important and conserved role in physiology.
Phosphorus Ylides in the Coordination Sphere of Transition Metals: An Inventory (1983)

Abstract Phosphorus ylides are not only classical reagents in organic chemistry, but also play an increasingly important role as novel components in organometallic compounds. These metallic “ylide complexes” are either synthesized from “preformed ylides” and coordination compounds by addition or substitution, on the building block principle, or they are formed, in sometimes complicated reactions, from phosphanes, metal complexes, and C 1 substrates in the coordination sphere of the metals. The resulting metal‐carbon bonds are greatly modified in their properties by the immediate presence of the phosphonium center and often belong to the most stable of M‐C structural units. The metal can come from any group of the periodic table, including the lanthanoids and actinoids. Numerous preparative and structural studies are gradually enabling us to gain an overall picture of the scope of this area of research.
<title>Holostrain system: a powerful tool for experimental mechanics</title> (1992)

A portable holographic interferometer that can be used to measure displacements and strains in all kinds of mechanical components and structures is described. The holostrain system captures images on a TV camera that detects interference patterns produced by laser illumination. The video signals are digitized. The digitized interferograms are processed by a fast processing system. The output of the system are the strains or the stresses of the observed mechanical component or structure.
Design and testing of diffuse reflectance sensor for continuous monitoring of cutaneous blood perfusion (2009)

A dual-wavelength reflectance optical sensor for monitoring cutaneous blood perfusion is presented as a part of multisensor glucose monitoring system. A Monte-Carlo simulation of partial differential pathlengths has been used for the optimization of the distance from light source to detector. The simulation indicated that the light pathlength within the upper vascularised skin layers increases before reaching saturation at separation distances larger than 3 mm. Thus the sensor sensitivity does not benefit from larger source-detector distances. At the same time with a higher separation of the detector from the source, the intensity exponentially decreases while undesirable sensitivity to the muscle perfusion increases. The hardware prototype has been developed based on the simulation findings and tested in a laboratory setting and in a home use study by patients with diabetes. For both testing procedures the optical sensor demonstrated high sensitivity to perfusion changes. The effect of initial cutaneous blood increase under the sensor has been observed which can be associated with pressure-induced vasodilation as a response to the sensor application.
Amine-Cured Bisphenol-Linked Phthalonitrile Resins (1982)

Abstract Neat polymerization of bisphenol-linked phthalonitrile monomers, which contain no active hydrogen atoms, is extremely difficult and requires several days of continuous heating at 260–290°C before a viscosity increase becomes evident. In the presence of a nucleophilic compound such as an organic amine, the cure time and temperature can be greatly reduced. The amine-cured polymers are more thermally stable than their neat cured counterparts. Preliminary results indicate that the amine causes no significant changes in the mechanical properties of the cured polymer. The bisphenol-linked phthalonitrile resins are particularly appealing as matrices for composite formulations due to the projected low material cost, the greatly improved processability, and the nonreactivity of the prepolymer at ambient temperature.
Advanced Receiver Strategy for Co-Channel Interference in Multibeam Satellite Systems (2020)

Breaking the barrier of Terabit-per-second connectivity in multibeam satellite systems is impeded by the scarcity of frequency spectrum. Aggressive frequency reuse can overcome spectrum limitations but at the expense of inducing harsh cochannel interference (CCI). This problem is further compounded by memory effects of CCI, arising when co-channel signals combine asynchronously. To avoid exponential increase in complexity, state-of-the-art user-terminal receivers assume memoryless CCI, thus harming their performance. First, we provide analytical characterization of CCI accounting for memory, a formulation that captures synchronization impairments. Then, low-complexity receivers are developed to compensate for spatial and temporal CCI profiles, with computational complexity increasing only linearly in the memory span. This is achieved by our novel soft-in soft-out, iterative divide-and-conquer (IDAC) strategy, decomposing interference into smaller sets depending on intensity. A set is created from weak interferers which are not decoded but considered as thermal noise. The interferers which are decoded are further split into a set that subtracts strong ones and another set addressing intense interferers in an optimal-Bayesian fashion. Extensive numerical studies reveal that the IDAC architecture offers lossless compensation of dominant CCI with memory, when rate coordination is guided by network information theory, offering beam-edge user terminals an edgeless quality-of-service.
Neutralization-sensitive epitopes are exposed on the surface of infectious <i>Cryptosporidium Parvum</i> sporozoites (1989)

Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease of humans, calves, and other mammals caused by the coccidian parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. Immune bovine serum and two surface-reactive antisporozoite mAb with neutralizing activity were used to identify sporozoite surface Ag by radioimmunoprecipitation/SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. When isolated sporozoites were incubated with mAb 18.44, 12 to 25 times the ID50 for mice was completely neutralized. This mAb binds diffusely to the sporozoite surface and recognizes a sporozoite surface Ag that eluted in the void volume of a Bio Gel A column with an exclusion limit of 500,000 daltons. The Ag recognized by mAb 18.44 was not radiolabeled with 125I or [35S] methionine, migrated with the dye front in SDS-PAGE, and was insensitive to proteinase K digestion, suggesting a non-protein composition. mAb 17.41 significantly neutralized 25 times the ID50 of sporozoites for mice. This mAb binds multifocally to the sporozoite surface and recognizes [35S] methionine-labeled sporozoite surface Ag of 28,000 m.w., 55,000 m.w., and 98,000 m.w. Immune bovine serum immunoprecipitated [35S] methionine- or 125I-labeled sporozoite Ag ranging from less than 14,300 m.w. to greater than 200,000 m.w., including surface Ag of 28,000 m.w. and 55,000 m.w. The results indicate that two different molecules capable of inducing neutralizing antibody are exposed on the surface of C. parvum sporozoites.
Self-adaptive biasing technique for microwave bipolar amplifier linearisation (2007)

A novel linearised bipolar amplifier topology, integrating both reduction of baseband distortion and self-adaptive biasing techniques, is presented. The linearising circuit suppresses more than 25 dB of the spectral regrowth for the first-order sidelobes and reduces up to 36% DC bias power of the amplifying transistor.
Cyclic current-voltage characterization applied to edge damage evaluation in gate definition plasma etching (1997)

A simple two-terminal cyclic current-voltage (I-V) measuring approach is used to monitor damage in gate definition plasma etching of poly-Si gate 70 /spl Aring/ oxide MOS structures. This new technique is used to identify the presence of trapping and near-surface silicon substrate generation lifetime changes due to edge exposure.
Discovery of the First Selective M<sub>4</sub> Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonists with <i>in Vivo</i> Antiparkinsonian and Antidystonic Efficacy (2021)

Nonselective antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) that broadly inhibit all five mAChR subtypes provide an efficacious treatment for some movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease and dystonia. Despite their efficacy in these and other central nervous system disorders, antimuscarinic therapy has limited utility due to severe adverse effects that often limit their tolerability by patients. Recent advances in understanding the roles that each mAChR subtype plays in disease pathology suggest that highly selective ligands for individual subtypes may underlie the antiparkinsonian and antidystonic efficacy observed with the use of nonselective antimuscarinic therapeutics. Our recent work has indicated that the M<sub>4</sub> muscarinic acetylcholine receptor has several important roles in opposing aberrant neurotransmitter release, intracellular signaling pathways, and brain circuits associated with movement disorders. This raises the possibility that selective antagonists of M<sub>4</sub> may recapitulate the efficacy of nonselective antimuscarinic therapeutics and may decrease or eliminate the adverse effects associated with these drugs. However, this has not been directly tested due to lack of selective antagonists of M<sub>4</sub>. Here, we utilize genetic mAChR knockout animals in combination with nonselective mAChR antagonists to confirm that the M<sub>4</sub> receptor activation is required for the locomotor-stimulating and antiparkinsonian efficacy in rodent models. We also report the synthesis, discovery, and characterization of the first-in-class selective M<sub>4</sub> antagonists VU6013720, VU6021302, and VU6021625 and confirm that these optimized compounds have antiparkinsonian and antidystonic efficacy in pharmacological and genetic models of movement disorders.
Symbolic quick error detection using symbolic initial state for pre-silicon verification (2018)

Driven by the demand for highly customizable processor cores for IoT and related applications, there is a renewed interest in effective but low-cost techniques for verifying systems-on-chip (SoCs). This paper revisits the problem of processor verification and presents a radically different approach when compared to the state of the art. The proposed approach is highly automated and leverages recent progress in the field of post-silicon validation by the method of Quick Error Detection (QED) and Symbolic Quick Error Detection (SQED). In this paper, we modify SQED by incorporating a symbolic initial state in its BMC-based analysis and generalize the approach into the S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> QED method. As a first advantage, S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> QED can separate logic bugs from electrical bugs in QED-based postsilicon validation. Secondly, it also makes a strong contribution to pre-silicon verification by proving that the execution of each instruction is independent of its context in the program. The manual efforts for the proposed approach are orders of magnitude smaller than for conventional property checking. Our experimental results demonstrate the potential of S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> QED using the Aquarius open-source processor example.
A compact optical spectrometer based on a single-grating Fresnel diffractive optical element (2012)

Recently, we have demonstrated a hybrid diffractive optical element that combines the dispersion function of a grating and the focusing function of a Fresnel lens (G-Fresnel) into a single device. The G-Fresnel promises a low f-number enabling miniaturization of a spectrometer system while maintaining high spectral resolution. A proof-of-concept G-Fresnel based spectrometer is demonstrated, yielding sub-nanometer resolution. Due to its compactness and low-cost fabrication technique, the G-Fresnel based spectrometer has the potential for use in mobile platforms such as lab-on-a-chip microfluidic devices and other mobile spectrometer applications.
High resolution SAR imaging using random pulse timing (2011)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a fundamental technology with significant impact in remote sensing applications. SAR relies on the motion of the radar platform to synthesize a large aperture, and achieve high resolution imaging of a large area. However, current strip-map SAR designs, relying on uniform pulsing, suffer from a fundamental trade-off between the azimuth resolution and the range coverage length. In this paper we overcome this trade-off using a randomized pulsing scheme combined with non-linear compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction. Our experimental results demonstrate significant improvement in the azimuth resolution using the proposed approach, without compromise on the range length of the imaged area.
Mapping the fluorescence yield on turbid media (2000)

In this letter, we introduce a combined polarization and fluorescence imaging technique for the measurement of fluorescence yield on the surface of turbid media. We use the cross-polarization method to reject the specular reflection and enhance the diffusive backscattering from the turbid media. It has been found that the ratio image of fluorescence versus cross-polarized reflection is not sensitive to the geometry of fluorescence excitation and illumination, and provides a map of fluorescence yield on the surface of imaged subject. The technique reported in this letter may potentially solve the problem for imaging of early cancers which usually start from the superficial layer of tissue and have the fluorescence yield lower than surrounding normal tissue.
Fabrication and Critical Current Properties of MgB2 Tapes using Nanometer-sized Mg Powder (2004)

It is necessary to increase the Jc values when developing practical MgB2 superconducting wire. High Jc values even in high magnetic fields were achieved using nanometer-sized Mg powder. The highly pure nanometer-sized Mg powder was fabricated using the thermal plasma method. In addition, doping with a small amount of SiC was tried for the purpose of enhancing Jc properties. The MgB2 superconducting wires were MgB2/Fe tapes prepared from a mixture of nanometer-sized Mg, commercial amorphous B and SiC, which were fabricated using the in-situ PIT method. The Jc values of the non-doped and 10 at% SiC-doped tapes reached 90 and 250 A/mm2 at 4.2 K and 10 T, respectively. In regard to the temperature dependence of Jc, it reached at 160 A/mm2 at 20 K and 4 T which nears the practical application level.
Selective profiling of java applications using dynamic bytecode instrumentation (2004)

Instrumentation-based profiling provides a number of benefits, but can also cause high performance overhead. The negative impact of this overhead could be mitigated considerably if only a small part of the target application (e.g. one that has previously been identified as a bottleneck) is instrumented, possibly for a short time only, while the rest of the application code runs at full speed. In this paper we present an experimental profiling system called JFluid, which includes a modified Java/spl trade/ VM and a GUI tool, and addresses both of the above issues. Our tool supports dynamic instrumentation of a group of methods defined as an arbitrary "root" method plus all methods that it calls (a call subgraph). Methods that belong to a call subgraph are revealed and instrumented lazily, to minimise the number of methods instrumented unnecessarily. Measurements that we obtain when performing full and partial program profiling show that the overhead can be reduced substantially using this technique, and that it is more beneficial when used for large server-side Java applications as opposed to small benchmarks.