gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pillared Layered Materials (1992)

The structure of several types of layered compounds which behave as ion exchangers will be described. These include clays, group 4 and 14 phosphates, titanates and antimonates. The techniques of pillaring used for each type will be presented along with a description of the structure and porous nature of the products. Potential applications as catalysts, sorbants and ion exchangers will be discussed and predictions for the future of this field of research will be presented.
The AIRSAR/TOPSAR integrated multi-frequency polarimetric and interferometric SAR processor (1997)

To really derive the maximum information content from SAR data, it is desirable to combine polarimetric and interferometric techniques, preferably at multiple frequencies. The NASA/JPL AIRSAR/TOPSAR system is capable of simultaneously acquiring interferometric (C- and/or L-band) and polarimetric data (C-, L- and P-band). The authors describe a processing approach that is used to process data acquired in these modes. This approach is different from that described by Madsen et al. (1993) in both the motion compensation approach, as well as in the sense that data are deskewed before interferograms are formed. Using this approach, the same basic SAR processor is used to process data acquired in any of the modes supported by the AIRSAR/TOPSAR system.
Continued Evaluation of The Hybrid Floating Brush Seal (HFBS) (2000)

The objective of this presentation is to increase thrust to weight ratio, decrease specific fuel consumption, and to eliminate wear of sealing components.
Wavelength allocation in regional access network with optical add-drop multiplexers (2002)

Optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) may cost-effectively provide regional nodes with large bandwidths. But, each dropped or added wavelength requires a costly TDM terminal. We discuss ways to decrease the number of TDM terminals in regional access networks (RANs) with OADMs, while ensuring high network utilization and sufficiently low probability of blocking new connection requests. We propose two wavelength assignment schemes that provide full-connectivity in RANs with fixed-tuned OADMs: (1) wavelengths are assigned to nodes according to the Hadamard code, and (2) bands of contiguous wavelengths are assigned to nodes. Simulation results show that on average, the Hadamard wavelength assignment schemes approach the performance of RANs with OADMs that add-drop all wavelengths, while saving 50% of the TDM terminals. The saving of TDM terminals by using wavelength tunable OADMs vary in different cases. Tunable OADMs are advantageous for lower traffic granularity and more interactions of a RAN with the outside network.
Nanofibers from Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites: Effect of Nanoclays on Molecular Structures (2006)

Poly(Lactic) acid (PLA) and its nanocomposite nanofibers have been successfully obtained via electrospinning from both solution and melt. Our results show that molecular structures of electrospun nanofibers are significantly influenced by both electrospinning conditions and the presence of nanoclays. Highly oriented structures of PLA, which give rise to the formation of a fibrillar β crystal form, are observed in electrospun fibers, and the formation of β crystal is enhanced by strongly aligned nanoclays. It is also found that due to rapid solidification, cold crystallization occurs between 100°C and 130°C, and the degree of cold crystallization becomes more prominent in electrospun nanofibers from melt. Annealing effect on fiber structures is also investigated by DSC and XRD.
Frequency reconfigurable Yagi‐like MIMO antenna system with a wideband reflector (2020)

A compact single layer frequency reconfigurable Yagi‐like multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is presented based on a half‐ring closed loop slot excitation. The traditional omnidirectional pattern of a slot antenna is made directional by using a single slot‐based complementary wideband reflector (CWBR) element. The proposed CWBR is compact in size, simple in construction, and is based on a single‐layer geometry unlike complex multi‐layer reflectors used in the literature. It improves the front‐to‐back ratio between 5 and 17 dB in the entire frequency range covering 2.5–4.5 GHz. The proposed reconfigurable MIMO antenna system covers the LTE and WiMAX bands with a minimum measured bandwidth of 200 MHz per covered bands. The frequency reconfigurability is achieved by reactively loading the slot loop with varactor diodes. The overall size of the proposed antenna system is , making it suitable for tablet handheld devices and access points. It has a maximum measured peak gain of 5 dBi and total measured radiation efficiency of 78%. The proposed MIMO antenna system has port isolation of 10 dB within the entire band of operation. The radiation patterns are isolated in space from each other and ensure very low envelope correlation coefficient.
An adaptive filtering approach to target tracking (2005)

A method is presented for augmenting an extended Kalman filter with an adaptive element. The resulting estimator provides robustness to parameter uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. The design of the adaptive element employs a linearly parameterized neural network. The network weights are adjusted on line using the filter error residuals. Boundedness of signals is proven using Lyapunov's direct method and a backstepping argument. Simulations illustrate the theoretical results.
3030 Development of Super-Low Friction Torque Tapered Roller Bearing : Part 2: Effect of Lubricating Oil Flow Behavior on Friction Torque (2007)

In this study, the effect of lubricating oil flow behavior of tapered roller bearing on friction torque have been investigated to improve fuel efficiency of vehicle. As the result, the effect of oil flow route through the bearing and oil flow control on friction torque of tapered roller bearing have been cleared. It has been found that the oil flow that moves from the inside to the outside thorough the cage in the bearing effect on the friction torque of tapered roller bearing. Both of agitating resistance and rolling resistance can be reduced by restricting oil flow into the clearance between the cage and the front face rib of the cone. It has been found that it is more effective for the reduction in agitating resistance to reduce oil stagnation by rapidly discharging the oil from inside the bearing.
Type 3 lodothyronine deiodinase: cloning, in vitro expression, and functional analysis of the placental selenoenzyme. (1995)

Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the conversion of T4 and T3 to inactive metabolites. It is highly expressed in placenta and thus can regulate circulating fetal thyroid hormone concentrations throughout gestation. We have cloned and expressed a 2.1-kb human placental D3 cDNA which encodes a 32-kD protein with a Km of 1.2 nM for 5 deiodination of T3 and 340 nM for 5' deiodination of reverse T3. The reaction requires DTT and is not inhibited by 6n-propylthiouracil. We quantitated transiently expressed D3 by specifically labeling the protein with bromoacetyl [125I]T3. The Kcat/Km ratio for 5 deiodination of T3 was over 1,000-fold that for 5' deiodination of reverse T3. Human D3 is a selenoenzyme as evidenced by (a) the presence of an in frame UGA codon at position 144, (b) the synthesis of a 32-kD 75Se-labeled protein in D3 cDNA transfected cells, and (c) the presence of a selenocysteine insertion sequence element in the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA which is required for its expression. The D3 selenocysteine insertion sequence element is more potent than that in the type 1 deiodinase or glutathione peroxidase gene, suggesting a high priority for selenocysteine incorporation into this enzyme. The conservation of this enzyme from Xenopus laevis tadpoles to humans implies an essential role for regulation of thyroid hormone inactivation during embryological development.
Rapid generation of mature hepatocyte-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells by an efficient three-step protocol (2011)

We have established a rapid and efficient differentiation protocol that is able to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells from human iPSCs. This may offer an alternative option for treatment of liver diseases.
Efficiency of U.S. Tissue Perfusion Estimators (2016)

We measure the detection and discrimination efficiencies of conventional power-Doppler estimation of perfusion without contrast enhancement. The measurements are made in a phantom with known blood-mimicking fluid flow rates in the presence of clutter and noise. Efficiency is measured by comparing functions of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for Doppler estimators with those of the ideal discriminator, for which we estimate the temporal covariance matrix from echo data. Principal-component analysis is examined as a technique for increasing the accuracy of covariance matrices estimated from echo data. We find that Doppler estimators are <50% efficient at directed perfusion detection between 0.1 and 2.0 mL/min per 2 cm(2) flow area. The efficiency was 20%-40% for the task of discriminating between two perfusion rates in the same range. We conclude that there are reasons to search for more efficient perfusion estimators, one that incorporates covariance matrix information that could significantly enhance the utility of Doppler ultrasound without contrast enhancement.
Evaluation of an Inoculum Production and Delivery Technique for<i>Valdensinia heterodoxa</i>, a Potential Biological Control Agent for Salal (2004)

Inoculum production of Valdensinia heterodoxa Peyr. (isolate PFC 3027), a foliar pathogen of salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh.), was evaluated on various solid substrates. Incubation on salal leaf pieces resulted in the greatest number of discharged conidia, which is deemed a suitable indicator for sporulation and inoculum dispersal of V. heterodoxa. Subsequently, V. heterodoxa inoculum of two isolates (PFC 2761 and PFC 3027) was produced on salal leaf pieces using four different growth periods (0, 4, 8, or 12 days) and three different cold storage treatments (0, 4, or 8 weeks) following harvest of colonised leaf pieces. Overall, the maximum number of discharged conidia was obtained with a growth period of 4 or 8 days, whereas the effect of a cold storage treatment was inconclusive between the fungal isolates and various growth periods. Conidia discharge from salal leaf piece inoculum of V. heterodoxa (PFC 2761 and PFC 3027) applied on pot soil level resulted in 8-41% leaf damage of intact salal plants. Results from this study indicate the potential of salal plant tissue as both a growth substrate and a suitable delivery technique for V. heterodoxa to control salal.
New Algorithms for Improved Digital Pulse Arrival Timing With Sub-GSps ADCs (2017)

The ability to measure pulse times of arrival with resolutions at or below 100 ps is becoming increasingly desirable in various fields, typically for signals originating from photon detectors such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) or silicon photo-multipliers. Achieving the best results has typically required digitizing signals at rates between 4 and 20 giga-samples/second (GSps), followed by off-line processing, since such in-line processing technologies as digital signal processors and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) cannot handle the data rates. For multichannel applications, the cost of GSps digitizers also becomes an issue. In this paper, we present two new methods for achieving similar time resolutions that are designed for FPGA in-line implementations operating with digitizers running at 250-500 mega-samples/second (MSps), approximately a factor of ten times slower. The first method uses a modified sinc function to interpolate the arriving pulse twice, once to precisely estimate its maximum M and once on its leading edge to locate the constant fraction point $f \cdot M$ as the pulse's arrival time. The second method takes the ratio of two points captured from a rapidly changing region of the pulse, either on its leading edge or near its peak, and uses this ratio with a preconstructed lookup table to generate the arrival time. We examine the algorithms' improved timing capability by comparing their coincidence timing resolutions to those from three standard algorithms, all applied to three data sets of pulses with different characteristics. At 500 MSps, the interpolation technique achieves about 7-ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for an analog trigger pulse split between two ADC channels; for a fast laser pulse illuminating two ADIT L25D19 PMTs, better than 50-ps FWHM, and at 250 MSps, for two $\phi ~25$ mm $\times25$ mm LaBr3 crystals exposed to <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sup> Co, 137-ps FWHM for gamma rays in a 0.95- and 1.33-MeV window.
An <i>in vitro</i> human skin test for assessing sensitization potential (2015)

Sensitization to chemicals resulting in an allergy is an important health issue. The current gold-standard method for identification and characterization of skin-sensitizing chemicals was the mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA). However, for a number of reasons there has been an increasing imperative to develop alternative approaches to hazard identification that do not require the use of animals. Here we describe a human in-vitro skin explant test for identification of sensitization hazards and the assessment of relative skin sensitizing potency. This method measures histological damage in human skin as a readout of the immune response induced by the test material. Using this approach we have measured responses to 44 chemicals including skin sensitizers, pre/pro-haptens, respiratory sensitizers, non-sensitizing chemicals (including skin-irritants) and previously misclassified compounds. Based on comparisons with the LLNA, the skin explant test gave 95% specificity, 95% sensitivity, 95% concordance with a correlation coefficient of 0.9. The same specificity and sensitivity were achieved for comparison of results with published human sensitization data with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. The test also successfully identified nickel sulphate as a human skin sensitizer, which was misclassified as negative in the LLNA. In addition, sensitizers and non-sensitizers identified as positive or negative by the skin explant test have induced high/low T cell proliferation and IFNγ production, respectively. Collectively, the data suggests the human in-vitro skin explant test could provide the basis for a novel approach for characterization of the sensitizing activity as a first step in the risk assessment process.
Dual-mode helical resonators (2000)

High performance and compact size are the most important criteria in filter-based products for satellite communication systems. Succeeding the superconducting and dielectric resonators, the conventional single-mode helical resonator ranks favorably on its high unloaded-Q per volume. Improvement of the performance has been demonstrated by operating the helical resonator at a higher order (n>0) mode. In addition, these resonators can also be fabricated onto a high dielectric-constant material to further reduce the size of the filter structure. Detailed design considerations of the dual-mode wire-wound helical resonator filter, as well as implementation of the dual-mode dielectrically loaded helical resonator filter structure, are presented in this paper.
A Multi-Stage Strategy to Perspective Rectification for Mobile Phone Camera-Based Document Images (2007)

Document images captured by a mobile phone camera often have perspective distortions. Efficiency and accuracy are two important issues in designing a rectification system for such perspective documents. In this paper, we propose a new perspective rectification system based on vanishing point detection. This system achieves both the desired ef- ficiency and accuracy using a multi-stage strategy: at the first stage, document boundaries and straight lines are used to compute vanishing points; at the second stage, text base- lines and block aligns are utilized; and at the last stage, character tilt orientations are voted for the vertical vanish- ing point. A profit function is introduced to evaluate the reliability of detected vanishing points at each stage. If van- ishing points at one stage are reliable, then rectification is ended at that stage. Otherwise, our method continues to seek more reliable vanishing points in the next stage. We have tested this method with more than 400 images includ- ing paper documents, signboards and posters. The image acceptance rate is more than 98.5% with an average speed of only about 60ms.
Immunological and Physicochemical Characterization of Heat-Labile Enterotoxins Isolated from Two Strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1982)

Heat-labile enterotoxins from Escherichia coli strains of human and porcine origins had identical subunit composition, arrangement, and size in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunological differences recently described by others were shown to reside exclusively in the B subunits.
A New Vaccine against Tuberculosis Affords Greater Survival after Challenge than the Current Vaccine in the Guinea Pig Model of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2003)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an enormous global health problem, and a new vaccine against TB more potent than the current inadequate vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, is urgently needed. We describe a recombinant BCG vaccine (rBCG30) expressing and secreting the 30-kDa major secretory protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the primary causative agent of TB, that affords greater survival after challenge than parental BCG in the highly demanding guinea pig model of pulmonary TB. Animals immunized with rBCG30 and then challenged by aerosol with a highly virulent strain of M. tuberculosis survived significantly longer than animals immunized with conventional BCG. The parental and recombinant vaccine strains are comparably avirulent in guinea pigs, as they display a similar pattern of growth and clearance in the lung, spleen, and regional lymph nodes. The pMTB30 plasmid encoding the 30-kDa protein is neither self-transmissible nor mobilizable to other bacteria, including mycobacteria. The pMTB30 plasmid can be stably maintained in Escherichia coli but is expressed only in mycobacteria. The recombinant and parental strains are sensitive to the same antimycobacterial antibiotics. rBCG30, the first vaccine against TB more potent than nearly century-old BCG, is being readied for human clinical trials.
High-power xenon fluoride laser (1975)

High-power laser emission has been observed from xenon fluoride (XeF) at 351.1 and 353.1 nm. A peak laser power of 0.5 MW was obtained by using a mixture of Ar, Xe, and NF3 in the ratio of 250 : 25 : 1 at a total pressure of 1.7 atm. The laser gas was excited by a 1-MeV 20-kA electron beam for a pulse duration of 20 nsec. Energy deposited in the gas by the electron beam was estimated to be 1 J which gives a laser efficiency of 0.5%. Using a coaxial electron gun, an 80-mJ 100-nsec pulse was obtained with an efficiency of 3%.
160-Gb/s, 16-Channel Full-Duplex, Single-Chip CMOS Optical Transceiver (2007)

We report a single-chip CMOS optical transceiver incorporating sixteen 10-Gb/s transmitter and receiver channels for a 160 Gb/s aggregate bit rate. The transceiver consumes 15.6 mW/Gb/s with an area efficiency of 9.4 Gb/s/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per link.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence Properties of a Blue‐Emitting Phosphor: (Sr<sub>1‐x</sub>Eu<sub>x</sub>)Si<sub>9</sub>Al<sub>19</sub>ON<sub>31</sub> (0 < x ≤ 1). (2013)

Abstract The blue‐emitting title phosphors are synthesized from mixtures of AlN, α‐Si 3 N 4 , SrCO 3 , and Eu 2 O 3 (1 MPa N 2 , 1800 °C, 2 h).
A High Bit-Rate Shared Key Generator with Time-Frequency Features of Wireless Channels (2017)

Although pre-shared key schemes are popularly used in securing communication systems, they are impractical in some applications such as ad-hoc communications. This paper proposes a new method for secret key generation between wireless endpoints. In contrast to previous studies, the present method utilizes a joint time-frequency multiscale features of wireless channels, thus yields higher bit-rate and/or larger secret key, as demonstrated in the numerical evaluations and experiments.
A fast statistical mixture algorithm for on-line handwriting recognition (1994)

The automatic recognition of online handwriting is considered from an information theoretic viewpoint. Emphasis is placed on the recognition of unconstrained handwriting, a general combination of cursively written word fragments and discretely written characters. Existing recognition algorithms, such as elastic matching, are severely challenged by the variability inherent in unconstrained handwriting. This motivates the development of a probabilistic framework suitable for the derivation of a fast statistical mixture algorithm. This algorithm exhibits about the same degree of complexity as elastic matching, while being more flexible and potentially more robust. The approach relies on a novel front-end processor that, unlike conventional character or stroke-based processing, articulates around a small elementary unit of handwriting called a frame. The algorithm is based on (1) producing feature vectors representing each frame in one (or several) feature spaces, (2) Gaussian K-means clustering in these spaces, and (3) mixture modeling, taking into account the contributions of all relevant clusters in each space. The approach is illustrated by a simple task involving an 81-character alphabet. Both writer-dependent and writer-independent recognition results are found to be competitive with their elastic matching counterparts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Real-time pose determination and reality registration system</title> (2000)

We have developed and demonstrated a vision-based pose determination and reality registration system for identifying objects in an unstructured visual environment. A wire-frame template of the object to be identified is compared to the input images form one or more cameras. If the object is found, an output of the object's position and orientation is computed. The placement of the template can be performed by a human in-the-loop, or through an automated real-time front end system. The three steps for classification and pose determination are comprised of two estimation modules and a module which refines the estimates to determine an answer. The first module in the sequence uses input images and models to generate a coarse pose estimate for the object. The second module in the sequence uses the estimates from the coarse pose estimation module, input images, and the model to further refine the pose. The last module in the sequence uses the fine pose estimation, the images, and the model to determine an exact match between the model and the image.