gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salt-tolerant, Thermally-stable Rheology Modifier for Oilfield Drilling Applications (2011)

Abstract The enhanced performance of drilling fluids, especially High-Temperature, High-Pressure (HTHP) compatibility, will allow more efficient and safer drilling in challenging environments. A novel class of synthetic polymers has been developed as high performance rheology modifiers (viscosifiers) for water-based HTHP drilling fluids. The leading polymer candidate was shown to be an effective viscosifier, with excellent salt-tolerance and thermal stability compared to conventional viscosifiers used in water-based drilling fluids. This paper presents the basic characteristics of the newly developed polymeric rheology modifier as well as its rheological and thermal stability properties. The rheological properties of the polymers were studied in fresh water, in brines and in formulated drilling fluids. The novel polymer illustrated a similar thickening efficiency and rheological profile (i.e. shear thinning) to xanthan gum. After thermal aging up to 350~400°F (177~204°C) for 16 hours, drilling fluids based on this polymer were shown to maintain excellent rheology and suspension power.
Pulsed Load Modulation (PLM) Technique for Efficient Power Amplification (2008)

A new concept of pulsed load modulation (PLM) is introduced for efficient power amplification. The proposed technique allows the power amplifier (PA) to maintain maximum efficiency until the output power of the amplifier is backed off by 6 dB. The PLM amplifier contains two pulse-biased PAs connected with a lambda/4 transmission line and a high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> bandpass resonator. For maximum efficiency and linearity, the load impedance of the amplifier is digitally modulated using the switched-resonator concept. A prototype amplifier is implemented using two PAs and a diplexer for the 1.87-GHz band. The measured efficiency of the amplifier at peak output power is 51%. Compared with 25.5% of the conventional class-B amplifier, the PLM amplifier obtains an improved efficiency of 38% at 6-dB output power back-off.
Abstract 731: 4-Amino-substituted 5-resorcinol-isoxazole derivatives, a novel class of Hsp90 inhibitor: Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro activity (2010)

Abstract Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a component of a molecular chaperone complex, involved in the folding, maturation and stabilisation of key signalling molecules which control cell proliferation, survival and transformation. It works by a modulation of a set of cancer-associated proteins, collectively referred to as “clients”. Inhibition of Hsp90 causes simultaneous destabilization and eventual degradation of client proteins that result in suppression of tumor growth. This observation led to the idea, among pharmaceutical chemists, to consider Hsp90 as a potential target for a new strategy in human cancer therapy. After pioneering studies with natural products (geldamycin and radicicol), many selective Hsp90 inhibitors from various institutions have entered in clinical trials. One of these classes of inhibitors is the 4,5-diaryl-isoxazole with a resorcinol in position 5 and a second substituted aryl in position 4. This scaffold was considered a prerequisite for the activity on Hsp90. VER-52296/NVP-AUY922, currently in Phase II clinical trials, belongs to diaryl-isoxazole class. In our project, we systematically investigated - with in silico pre-screening, in concert with structural information from X-ray protein crystallography - all possible modifications to make on the isoxazole scaffold. We have mainly focused our attention on the importance of an amide portion at the 4 position. Now we have identified a new class of synthetic small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors, characterized by a 4-amino-substituted 5-monoaryl-isoxazole (5-resorcinol-isoxazole) scaffold. We turned our attention to the 4 position of isoxazole where unexpectedly, we have found that compounds possessing a nitrogen atom directly attached to the isoxazole ring are endowed of activity against Hsp90 similar or even better than the diaryl analogues. Here we describe design, synthesis and preliminary in vitro biological profile of a small library of these derivatives. Examples from this series of compounds have activities ranging from low to high nM against Hsp90 as measured in a fluorescence polarization (FP) competitive binding assay, and are active in human cancer cell lines where they inhibit cell proliferation and exhibit a characteristic profile of depletion of oncogenic proteins and concomitant elevation of Hsp72. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 731.
A Novel Passive RFID Temperature Sensor Using Liquid Crystal Elastomers (2018)

A passive RFID temperature sensor is presented. This sensor design utilizes a patch antenna integrated with a customized slot. Using a novel Liquid Crystal Elastomer (LCE) switch, the slot is shorted when the temperature reaches a specified threshold. When the temperature decreases below this threshold, the switch retracts to the original position. As a result, the antenna operates at one of two states corresponding to a controlled shift in frequency within the RFID band. Additionally, a single impedance matching network is designed to accommodate a favorable match between the two antenna states and the RFID IC.
Cloning and sequencing of the class B beta-lactamase gene (ccrA) from Bacteroides fragilis TAL3636 (1990)

Bacteroides fragilis TAL3636 produces a class B, Zn2(+)-requiring beta-lactamase. The gene, ccrA, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene was sequenced and shown to share greater than 33% identity with the metalloenzyme from Bacillus cereus 569/H.
Generation of High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) by Means of an Array of Micro- and Nano-Devices (2003)

The process by which High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGW) are generated by means of the time rate of change of the acceleration of a mass or masses, termed a “jerk” or a “shake,” is develope d. Arrays of micro - and nano-devices, termed energizing and energizable elements, are utilized to generate a train of coherent gravitational waves. As the waves progress along the axis of such devices they are reinforced by the energizable elements, under the control of a computer logic system in order to be modulated for applications such as communication. Starting with a theoretical non-rotating, but ratcheting or jerking rim or ring, linear devices, such as a stack of ratcheting rims or rings, evolve. These devices emulate a rotating rim. But the changing centrifugal force vector of a rotating rim or ring, which is tangent to rim and represents a jerk, is replaced by the electromagnetically, reciprocally jerked energizable elements of a non-rotating rim that do not involve large g loads. Two specific devices are described to illustrate the concept: the first such device involves a barrel or stacks of concentric rims whose surface or edges are covered with an array of ultra -small micromagnets (energizable elements) surrounded by a sheath of ultra -small microcoils (energizing elements); it generates approximately 380 kW of HFGW . The second is much smaller, 18 mm in length, and through use of a superconducting lens delivers a flux of 6.3x10 -7 watts per square meter at a 7 km distant receiver – about that of a handheld radio transceiver. Other HFGW generators utilizing nanowire lattices for a high-frequency nanomechanical resonators and parallel current-carrying plates are also investigated and the question of null GW generation for symmetrical systems is considered. The problem, which all of the devices discussed in this paper solve, is to cause a system of masses, which could be mini-magnets, micro-devices, nano-devices, individual molecules, submicroscopic particles, or individual electrons (as in a superconductor), under computer logic control, to move in concert with a jerk in order to build up (generate) HFGW with either planar or cylindrical wave propagation. Such jerking masses produce a very long sequence of HFGW pulses having significant average power and ability to carry information without generating incapacitating heat, causing disruptive g loads, or producing overpowering EM radiation.
Association of Phosphodiesterase 4D Polymorphisms With Ischemic Stroke in a US Population Stratified by Hypertension Status (2006)

These data are consistent with an association of the PDE4D gene with stroke in a non-Icelandic sample and suggest an effect of hypertension status.
Confining Metal–Organic Framework Nanocrystals within Mesoporous Materials: A General Approach via “Solid-State” Synthesis (2017)

Here we report the selective growth of well-dispersed metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals within mesoporous materials via novel “solid-state” synthesis. The ability to control and direct the growth of MOFs on confined surfaces (pores) paves the way for new prospective applications of such hybrid systems and could unlock the full potential of these materials. As confirmed by a combination of different characterization techniques, an outstanding high loading of mesoporous cavities (≤40 wt %) by the smallest MOF crystals yet reported (4.5 ± 1 nm) leads to several improved properties, including diffusion, attrition resistance, and handling.
Protein Phosphorylation Regulates Relative Utilization of Processing Pathways for Alzheimer β/A4 Amyloid Precursor Protein<sup>a</sup> (1993)

The Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a phosphoprotein, and the phosphorylation state of APP at Ser655 can be regulated by protein kinase C, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and okadaic acid-sensitive protein phosphatases. Other enzymes may also play a role at Ser655 of APP and, perhaps, at other residues. Signal transduction via protein phosphorylation regulates APP metabolism. In particular, APP processing via the nonamyloidogenic secretory cleavage pathway is increased following the activation of protein kinase C or the inactivation of okadaic acid-sensitive protein phosphatases. The mechanism(s) by which protein phosphorylation regulates APP secretory cleavage include (among others): substrate activation, substrate redistribution, protease activation and/or protease redistribution. Current experimental evidence will be discussed, addressing the relative importance of each of these possibilities and the implications for these events in the modulation of beta/A4-amyloidogenesis.
Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride followed by primaquine for treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand (1999)

Journal Article Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride followed by primaquine for treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand Get access S. Looareesuwan, S. Looareesuwan 1Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Wilairatana, P. Wilairatana 1Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Glanarongran, R. Glanarongran 1Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K.A. Indravijit, K.A. Indravijit 1Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Supeeranontha, L. Supeeranontha 1Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Chinnapha, S. Chinnapha 2Glaxo Wellcome (Thailand) Ltd, 89 Soi Wat Suan Plu, New Road, Bangkok 10500, Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T.R. Scott, T.R. Scott 3Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.D. Chulay J.D. Chulay 3Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Five Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA Address for correspondence: Jeffrey D. Chulay, Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Five Moore Drive, P. O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA; phone +1 919 483 1117, fax +1 919 315 0377. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 93, Issue 6, November-December 1999, Pages 637–640, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(99)90079-2 Published: 01 November 1999 Article history Received: 22 April 1999 Revision received: 16 July 1999 Accepted: 19 July 1999 Published: 01 November 1999
Partial-Order Methods for the Verification of Concurrent Systems: An Approach to the State-Explosion Problem (1996)

State-space exploration techniques are increasingly being used for debugging and proving correct finite-state concurrent reactive systems. The reason for this success is mainly the simplicity of these techniques. Indeed, they are easy to understand, easy to implement and, last but not least, easy to use: they are fully automatic. Moreover, the range of properties that they can verify has been substantially broadened thanks to the development of model-checking methods for various temporal logics. The main limit of state-space exploration verification techniques is the often excessive size of the state space due, among other causes, to the modeling of concurrency by interleaving. However, exploring all interleavings of concurrent events is not a priori necessary for verification: interleavings corresponding to the same concurrent execution contain related information. One can thus hope to be able to verify properties of a concurrent system without exploring all interleavings of its concu...
Asymmetric Synthesis of α-(Diarylmethyl) Alkyl Amines through Regioselective Lithiation of α-Diarylmethanes and the Diastereoselective Addition to Ellman’s Imines (2018)

A highly regio- and diastereoselective lithiation/addition of α-diarylmethanes to N-tert-butanesulfinylimines is reported. This methodology also affords the preparation of enantiomerically pure α-(diarylmethyl) alkyl amines bearing quaternary centers.
A New Approach to Name-Based Link-State Routing for Information-Centric Networks (2015)

The Link State Content Routing (LSCR) protocol is presented, which supports routing over multiple paths to named content using link-state information. LSCR uses two types of link-state advertisements (LSAs): a RouterLSA that contains information about links connected to each router, and an AnchorLSA that carries information regarding a name prefix and the router that advertises being attached to that name prefix, also called an anchor of the prefix. AnchorLSAs are propagated selectively based on a diffusing mechanism. In contrast to prior content routing solutions based on link- state information, LSCR allows routers to establish multiple routes to name prefixes, without requiring each router to know about all the instantiations of each prefix. LSCR is shown to avoid permanent routing loops and to have better performance compared to traditional link-state routing protocols when a name prefix is replicated at multiple sites in the network.
Identification of bottlenecks in the accumulation of cyclic fatty acids in camelina seed oil (2017)

Modified fatty acids (mFA) have diverse uses; for example, cyclopropane fatty acids (CPA) are feedstocks for producing coatings, lubricants, plastics and cosmetics. The expression of mFA-producing enzymes in crop and model plants generally results in lower levels of mFA accumulation than in their natural-occurring source plants. Thus, to further our understanding of metabolic bottlenecks that limit mFA accumulation, we generated transgenic Camelina sativa lines co-expressing Escherichia coli cyclopropane synthase (EcCPS) and Sterculia foetida lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (SfLPAT). In contrast to transgenic CPA-accumulating Arabidopsis, CPA accumulation in camelina caused only minor changes in seed weight, germination rate, oil accumulation and seedling development. CPA accumulated to much higher levels in membrane than storage lipids, comprising more than 60% of total fatty acid in both phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) versus 26% in diacylglycerol (DAG) and 12% in triacylglycerol (TAG) indicating bottlenecks in the transfer of CPA from PC to DAG and from DAG to TAG. Upon co-expression of SfLPAT with EcCPS, di-CPA-PC increased by ~50% relative to lines expressing EcCPS alone with the di-CPA-PC primarily observed in the embryonic axis and mono-CPA-PC primarily in cotyledon tissue. EcCPS-SfLPAT lines revealed a redistribution of CPA from the sn-1 to sn-2 positions within PC and PE that was associated with a doubling of CPA accumulation in both DAG and TAG. The identification of metabolic bottlenecks in acyl transfer between site of synthesis (phospholipids) and deposition in storage oils (TAGs) lays the foundation for the optimizing CPA accumulation through directed engineering of oil synthesis in target crops.
Development of an Antenna Material Based on Rubber that has Flexibility and High Impact Resistance (2008)

Recently, the markets have been dramatically expanding in the field of equipment for high-frequency wireless LAN, RFID (radio frequency identification), UWB, GPS, terrestrial digital broadcasting and home network, etc. In this context, a diversity of dielectric antennas are currently used. A material of dielectric antenna used for these applications is preferably needed to feature a higher dielectric constant and a lower dielectric loss tangent. By using a highly dielectric material for an antenna, a compact antenna can be designed thanks to frequency shortening effect of wave that is transmitted in the dielectric material. Incidentally, use of a material of low dielectric loss tangent will help suppress heat generation-induced energy loss and can improve antenna performance. Conventional antennas have often been consisted of a ceramic material, and the relative dielectric constant for a ceramic material cannot be arbitrarily selected. Consequently, degree of freedom in designing antenna is low. As an antenna material capable of arbitrary selection of relative dielectric constant, resin type 1) (composite material containing ceramic powder) is available. However, these materials have involved drawbacks that include 1 surface treatment is needed to improve adhesiveness for electrode strips, and 2 injection-forming with a high dielectric material having a larger portion of ceramic powder is difficult. Furthermore, these conventional antenna materials are hard and brittle,
High resolution CdZnTe pixel detectors with VLSI readout (2000)

CdZnTe pixel detectors with a custom VLSI readout, are being developed at Caltech/JPL for use in focusing hard X-ray telescopes. We have recently tested several prototype detector assemblies, each consisting of a 2 mm thick CdZnTe pixel detector indium bump bonded to our VLSI readout chip. A complete pulse height analysis chain is located directly below each 680 by 650 /spl mu/m pixel and includes a preamplifier, shaping amplifiers, and a peak stretcher/discriminator. Here we report on the first fully functional operation of these detector/VLSI hybrids. Using an /sup 241/Am source, collimated to illuminate a single pixel, excellent energy resolution of 670 eV FWHM was measured for the 59.5 keV line at -10 C, with electronic noise of only 340 eV FWHM. Illumination with an uncollimated /sup 241/Am source was performed to assess the uniformity of pixel response and to exercise the readout chip's ability to process multiple pixel events arising from X-rays interacting above pixel boundaries. The imaging capability of the detector was demonstrated using a tungsten slit mask.
Quasi‐2D Hybrid Perovskite Formation Using Benzothieno[3,2‐<i>b</i>]Benzothiophene (BTBT) Ammonium Cations: Substantial Cesium Lead(II) Iodide Black Phase Stabilization (2022)

Abstract 3D hybrid perovskites (APbX 3 ) have made a significant impact on the field of optoelectronic materials due to their excellent performance combined with facile solution deposition and up‐scalable device fabrication. Nonetheless, these materials suffer from environmental instability. To increase material stability, the organic cation (A) is substituted by the non‐volatile cesium cation. However, the desired photoactive cesium lead(II) iodide black phase is metastable in ambient conditions and spontaneously converts into the photo‐inactive yellow δ‐phase. In this work, the black phase is stabilized by the formation of a quasi‐2D perovskite containing a benzothieno[3,2‐ b ]benzothiophene (BTBT) large organic ammonium cation. Thermal analysis shows that degradation of the butylammonium (BA)‐based quasi‐2D perovskite (BA) 2 CsPb 2 I 7 sets in at ≈130 °C, while (BTBT) 2 CsPb 2 I 7 is phase‐stable until ≈230 °C. Additionally, the (BTBT) 2 CsPb 2 I 7 film does not show any sign of degradation after exposure to 77% Relative Humidity in the dark for 152 days, while (BA) 2 CsPb 2 I 7 degrades in a single day. Photoconductor‐type detectors based on (BTBT) 2 CsPb 2 I 7 demonstrate an increased external quantum efficiency and a similar specific detectivity compared to the BA‐based reference detectors. The results demonstrate the utility of employing a BTBT cation within the organic layer of quasi‐2D perovskites to significantly enhance the stability while maintaining the optoelectronic performance.
Highly immunogenic prime–boost DNA vaccination protects chickens against challenge with homologous and heterologous H5N1 virus (2014)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause huge economic losses in the poultry industry because of high mortality rate in infected flocks and trade restrictions. Protective antibodies, directed mainly against hemagglutinin (HA), are the primary means of protection against influenza outbreaks. A recombinant DNA vaccine based on the sequence of H5 HA from the H5N1/A/swan/Poland/305-135V08/2006 strain of HPAIV was prepared. Sequence manipulation included deletion of the proteolytic cleavage site to improve protein stability, codon usage optimization to improve translation and stability of RNA in host cells, and cloning into a commercially available vector to enable expression in animal cells. Naked plasmid DNA was complexed with a liposomal carrier and the immunization followed the prime–boost strategy. The immunogenic potential of the DNA vaccine was first proved in broilers in near-to-field conditions resembling a commercial farm. Next, the protective activity of the vaccine was confirmed in SPF layer-type chickens. Experimental infections (challenge experiments) indicated that 100% of vaccinated chickens were protected against H5N1 of the same clade and that 70% of them were protected against H5N1 influenza virus of a different clade. Moreover, the DNA vaccine significantly limited (or even eliminated) transmission of the virus to contact control chickens. Two intramuscular doses of DNA vaccine encoding H5 HA induced a strong protective response in immunized chicken. The effective protection lasted for a minimum 8 weeks after the second dose of the vaccine and was not limited to the homologous H5N1 virus. In addition, the vaccine reduced shedding of the virus.