gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Binding Induces Dimerization of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Pif1 (2010)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pif1 is involved in a wide range of DNA transactions. It operates both in mitochondria and in the nucleus, where it has telomeric and non-telomeric functions. All of the activities of Pif1 rely on its ability to bind to DNA. We have determined the mode of Pif1 binding to different DNA substrates. While Pif1 is a monomer in solution, we show that binding of ssDNA to Pif1 induces protein dimerization. DNA-induced dimerization of Pif1 is also observed on tailed- and forked-dsDNA substrates, suggesting that on the latter formation of a Pif1 dimer prevents binding of additional Pif1 molecules. A dimer of Pif1 also forms on ssDNA of random composition and in the presence of saturating concentrations of nonhydrolyzable ATP analogues. The observation that a Pif1 dimer is formed on unwinding substrates in the presence of ATP analogues suggests that a dimeric form of the enzyme might constitute the pre-initiation complex leading to its unwinding activity.
Red light-induced formation of ubiquitin-phytochrome conjugates: Identification of possible intermediates of phytochrome degradation (1987)

Phytochrome is the photoreceptor that controls red light-mediated morphogenesis in higher plants. It exists in two photointerconvertible forms, a red light-absorbing form, Pr, and a far-red light-absorbing form, Pfr. Because photoconversion of Pr to Pfr by a brief light pulse decreases the in vivo half-life of this chromoprotein by a factor of approximately 100, this system offers a unique way to modulate the turnover rate of a specific protein and hence study the mechanisms responsible for selective protein degradation. In etiolated oat [Avena sativa (L.)] seedlings, degradation of phytochrome as Pfr follows zero-order kinetics as measured both spectrally and by ELISA, with 50% of Pfr lost in approximately 130 min at 27 degrees C. Immunoblot analysis of the destruction process with anti-oat phytochrome immunoglobulins reveals that degradation involves the loss of the 124-kDa phytochrome monomer and that proteolytic intermediates of apparent molecular mass lower than 124 kDa do not accumulate to detectable levels in vivo (<0.015% of total phytochrome). The latter observation suggests that proteolytic breakdown of the protein is extremely rapid. However, a series of polypeptides with higher apparent molecular mass and recognized by anti-phytochrome immunoglobulins (principally 129 and 134 kDa) appears after photoconversion to Pfr. These polypeptides represent no more than a few percent of the total immunologically detectable phytochrome pool and have incremental differences in apparent molecular mass of 5 kDa. They appear within 5 min after Pfr formation, reach maximal levels between 90 and 180 min, and decline thereafter. These polypeptides and others of apparent molecular mass up to 160 kDa are also detectable with immunoglobulins directed against either oat or human ubiquitin, indicating that they are ubiquitin-phytochrome conjugates. Since ubiquitin conjugation is involved in intracellular protein turnover and since formation and degradation of Pfr-ubiquitin conjugates coincide with the turnover of Pfr, these data suggest that the Pfr form of phytochrome is degraded via a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway.
High-Efficiency Promoter-Dependent Transduction by Adeno-Associated Virus Type 6 Vectors in Mouse Lung (2007)

The transduction efficiency of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in various somatic tissues has been shown to depend heavily on the AAV type from which the vector capsid proteins are derived. Among the AAV types studied, AAV6 efficiently transduces cells of the airway epithelium, making it a good candidate for the treatment of lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Here we have evaluated the effects of various promoter sequences on transduction rates and gene expression levels in the lung. Of the strong viral promoters examined, the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter performed significantly better than a human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter in the airway epithelium. However, a hybrid promoter consisting of a CMV enhancer, beta-actin promoter and splice donor, and a beta-globin splice acceptor (CAG promoter) exhibited even higher expression than either of the strong viral promoters alone, showing a 38-fold increase in protein expression over the RSV promoter. In addition, we show that vectors containing either the RSV or CAG promoter expressed well in the nasal and tracheal epithelium. Transduction rates in the 90% range were achieved in many airways with the CAG promoter, showing that with the proper AAV capsid proteins and promoter sequences, efficient transduction can be achieved.
Video Information Retrieval and Editing. Image-based Building Shadow Generation by Shape from Shadow Silhouette Technique. (2001)

The study on image-based method, such as image-based rendering, image-based object, promotes a new problem called Image-based Shadow Generation. Image-based shadow generation aims at generating new shadows from a few reference images. As a start of the image-based shadow generation problem, building, as a representative of man-made object, is chosen as our study object in this paper. To solve the problem of image-based building shadow generation, we propose a new technique called shape from shadow silhouette, which reconstructs 3D model of building. This technique consists of three steps : shadow extracting & transforming, shadow complementing, and shape modeling. By this technique, the rough 3D model of building can be recovered from several reference shadow images, then new shadow can be generated easily and quickly by this recovered model. The experimental results are given in this paper. The efficiency of our approach is demonstrated by the results.
Solution Synthesis of Nanoparticular Binary Transition Metal Antimonides (2011)

The preparation of nanoengineered materials with controlled nanostructures, for example, with an anisotropic phase segregated structure or a regular periodicity rather than with a broad range of interparticle distances, has remained a synthetic challenge for intermetallics. Artificially structured materials, including multilayers, amorphous alloys, quasicrystals, metastable crystalline alloys, or granular metals, are mostly prepared using physical gas phase procedures. We report a novel, powerful solution-mediated approach for the formation of nanoparticular binary antimonides based on presynthesized antimony nanoparticles. The transition metal antimonides M–Sb (M = Co, Ni, Cu2, Zn) were obtained with sizes ranging from 20 and 60 nm. Through careful control of the reaction conditions, single-phase nanoparticular antimonides were synthesized. The nanophases were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction and (high resolution) electron microscopy. The approach is based on activated metal nanoparticles as precursors for the synthesis of the intermetallic compounds. X-ray powder diffraction studies of reaction intermediates allowed monitoring of the reaction kinetics. The small particle size of the reactants ensures short diffusion paths, low activation barriers, and low reaction temperatures, thereby eliminating solid–solid diffusion as the rate-limiting step in conventional bulk-scale solid-state synthesis.
Correlation between microstructure, electronic properties and flicker noise in organic thin film transistors (2008)

We report on observations of a correlation between the microstructure of organic thin films and their electronic properties when incorporated in field-effect transistors. We present a simple method to induce enhanced grain growth in solution-processed thin film transistors by chemical modification of the source-drain contacts. This leads to improved device performance and gives a unique thin film microstructure for fundamental studies concerning the effect of structural order on the charge transport. We demonstrate that the 1∕f flicker noise is sensitive to organic semiconductor thin film microstructure changes in the transistor channel.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Combined Sensible/Latent Thermal Energy Storage for High-Temperature Applications (2015)

Combined sensible/latent heat storage allows the heat-transfer fluid outflow temperature during discharging to be stabilized. A lab-scale combined storage consisting of a packed bed of rocks and steel-encapsulated AlSi(12) was investigated experimentally and numerically. Due to the small tank-to-particle diameter ratio of the lab-scale storage, void-fraction variations were not negligible, leading to channeling effects that cannot be resolved in 1D heat-transfer models. The void-fraction variations and channeling effects can be resolved in 2D models of the flow and heat transfer in the storage. The resulting so-called bypass fraction extracted from the 2D model was used in the 1D model and led to good agreement with experimental measurements.
Whole-transcriptome analysis of endothelial to hematopoietic stem cell transition reveals a requirement for Gpr56 in HSC generation (2014)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated via a natural transdifferentiation process known as endothelial to hematopoietic cell transition (EHT). Because of small numbers of embryonal arterial cells undergoing EHT and the paucity of markers to enrich for hemogenic endothelial cells (ECs [HECs]), the genetic program driving HSC emergence is largely unknown. Here, we use a highly sensitive RNAseq method to examine the whole transcriptome of small numbers of enriched aortic HSCs, HECs, and ECs. Gpr56, a G-coupled protein receptor, is one of the most highly up-regulated of the 530 differentially expressed genes. Also, highly up-regulated are hematopoietic transcription factors, including the "heptad" complex of factors. We show that Gpr56 (mouse and human) is a target of the heptad complex and is required for hematopoietic cluster formation during EHT. Our results identify the processes and regulators involved in EHT and reveal the surprising requirement for Gpr56 in generating the first HSCs.
Temperature characteristics of high-current UWBG enhancement and depletion mode AlGaN-channel MOSHFETs (2020)

We present the temperature-dependent electrical characteristics of high-current depletion (D-mode) and barrier-recessed enhancement-mode (E-mode) ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) AlxGa1−xN channel insulated gate heterojunction field-effect transistors fabricated on the same wafer. The key motivation is the higher Baliga figure of merit for devices with the UWBG AlGaN channel and their strong potential for use in high-power, high-temperature harsh environmental applications. Over a temperature range of 125 °C, the VTH shifted in the opposite direction for D- and E-mode devices with a rate of +13.5 mV/K and −23 mV/K, respectively, giving an overall shift of +1.7 V and −2.9 V. This was attributed to changes in the fixed and trapped charge densities in the dielectric and at the dielectric–AlGaN barrier interface. A single deep sub-bandgap trap level was sufficient to explain the threshold shifts in both devices. The effective channel mobility in the E-mode devices was argued to be limited by charge scattering, arising from the same charges introduced during barrier recessing that shifted VTH.
On‐line estimation of microbial specific growth‐rates: An illustrative case study (1988)

Abstract This paper deals with the on‐line estimation of the specific growth rate in a fermentation process in the case when a soluble product is measured on‐line. The proposed algorithm belongs to a larger class of on‐line estimation algorithms which present the following advantages: they do not require any analytical expressions for the specific growth rate; their theoretical stability and convergence have been emphasized; since their structure includes a filtering effect, the estimation results exhibit less erratic values for the specific growth rate than when obtained by direct calculation from the biomass concentration equation. Real‐life results on an ethanol producing process are presented. Finally. it is shown how estimation results can be used for modelling purposes.
Wettability and thermal analysis of hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica nanocomposites (2017)

Hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica layers on the glass support activated with plasma were obtained. Wettability was investigated from the contact angle measurements and surface free energy estimation by means of using contact angle hysteresis approach. The thermal analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica films was conducted on a STA 449 Jupiter F1, Netzsch in temperature range of 30–950℃. It was found that the thermal stability of the poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica films decreases with increasing poly(methyl methacrylate) amount in the sample. Morphology of the obtained nanocomposites was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy. The addition of silanized silica to the poly(methyl methacrylate) solution leads to obtaining the film with more hydrophobic properties, the contact angle value over 90°, and the apparent surface free energy lower than 30 mJ/m 2 . The most hydrophobic film was obtained in the case of silica with Θ = 0.63 (Θ – surface fraction coverage with trimethylsilyl groups). Silica particles were well dispersed in the polymer solution which was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy analysis.
Novel control strategy for grid-connected dc-ac converters with load power factor and MPPT control (1995)

This paper presents a modeling, analysis and design of a PWM voltage source inverter (VSI) to be connected between a dc source and the ac grid. The control algorithm of the PWM-VSI applies the concept of the instantaneous p-q (real-imaginary) power theory and the converter dc source is supplied by a photovoltaic array (PC). The objective is to show that with an adequate control the converter can transfer the dc energy from PV array and improve the power factor of the electrical system. Some design considerations are also discussed. The feasibility of the proposed control method was verified by a digital simulation and measurements on a small prototype model. (author) 5 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.
Efficient Discovery of Abnormal Event Sequences in Enterprise Security Systems (2017)

Intrusion detection system (IDS) is an important part of enterprise security system architecture. In particular, anomaly-based IDS has been widely applied to detect single abnormal process events that deviate from the majority. However, intrusion activity usually consists of a series of low-level heterogeneous events. The gap between low-level process events and high-level intrusion activities makes it particularly challenging to identify process events that are truly involved in a real malicious activity, and especially considering the massive 'noisy' events filling the event sequences. Hence, the existing work that focus on detecting single events can hardly achieve high detection accuracy. In this work, we formulate a novel problem in intrusion detection - suspicious event sequence discovery, and propose GID, an efficient graph-based intrusion detection technique that can identify abnormal event sequences from massive heterogeneous process traces with high accuracy. We fully implement GID and deploy it into a real-world enterprise security system, and it greatly helps detect the advanced threats and optimize the incident response. Executing GID on both static and streaming data shows that GID is efficient (processes about 2 million records per minute) and accurate for intrusion detection.
Laser Direct Write Doping and Metallization Fabrication of Silicon Carbide PIN Diodes (2006)

A novel laser direct write doping and electrical property conversion technique has been used to fabricate prototype SiC PIN diodes on n-type 4H-SiC wafers. Two different diode structures are fabricated: (1) a laser aluminum doped top p + /p region on a n-type 4H-SiC wafer segment with a low doped n-type SiC epitaxial layer; and (2) the same laser doped top p - /p region on the same substrate and a laser heavily nitrogen doped n' region at the bottom. A simple Schottky diode fabricated on the same substrate medium was used for a comparison. In the laser doped n + region conductors are directly fabricated by the formation of electrically conductive surface carbon rich phase. The results show that laser fabrication of PIN diodes, having a 10 μm epilayer, exhibits higher dopant concentrations and indicate promising breakdown voltages and forward voltage drops without edge tcrmination.
MEMS-based propulsion with solid propellant for micro satellite (2006)

In this paper we develop a micro thruster of MEMS propulsion with solid propellant thruster responding to the spatial constraints and MEMS characteristics. The micro thruster has low power and energy thresholds for ignition and no moving parts, so they are expected to be highly reliable. Fabrication and assembly of array of 36 micropropulsion units proved the technological feasibility and the functioning performances. The electro-thermal process and gas dynamic characteristic of the micropropulsion is modeled and analyzed,. Eventually, a test platform is designed for micro-Newton second impulse bit. The initial test shows that the impulse is 4-11 /spl mu/Ns.
Real-time DNA detection using Pt nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistors (2011)

A large-area, continuous, few-layer reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin film has been fabricated on a Si/SiO(2) wafer using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method followed by thermal reduction. After photochemical reduction of Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) on rGO, the obtained PtNPs/rGO composite is employed as the conductive channel in a solution-gated field effect transistor (FET), which is then used for real-time detection of hybridization of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with high sensitivity (2.4 nM). Such a simple, but effective method for fabrication of rGO-based transistors shows great potential for mass-production of graphene-based electronic biosensors.
Reversible and non-reversible photo-enhanced luminescence in CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (2005)

We report on optical enhancement of the 655 nm photoluminescence (PL) band intensity in the core-shell CdSe/ZnS nano-particles (quantum dots) under a laser illumination. Kinetic curves and 80 K-to-room temperature dependences of the PL intensity reveal two parallel processes: a reversible enhancement when the PL intensity is recovered after the laser illumination is turned off, and a non-reversible permanent increase of the PL output. Experimental data evidence that the PL enhancement is attributed to the light-activated increase of the energy barrier for photo-generated carriers to escape quantum dot levels. A trap recharging and/or photo-chemical bond restructure play a possible role in the luminescence photo-enhancement.
“Quick and click” assembly of functionalised indole rings via metal-promoted cyclative tandem reactions (2014)

An efficient and convenient synthesis of a variety of decorated indoles using a three-component tandem metal-catalysed process is described.
Microaggregate blood filtration and the febrile transfusion reaction (1983)

Seventy-four patients with chronic transfusion requirements and histories of repetitive febrile reactions were transfused with 1138 units of microaggregate-filtered red cells. The filtered blood was prepared using either a direct interception or a depth filter. One-half of the units were centrifuged immediately prior to filtration. Microaggregate filtration reduced the overall incidence of febrile transfusion reactions by 77 percent. The centrifugation-filtration protocol reduced the rate of reactions by 98 percent. There were no differences between the ability of the different filters to reduce the reaction rate; however, red cell loss was twice as large with the depth filter as with the direct interception filter. The numerical criterion for "leukocyte-poor blood" was met in all units processed by centrifugation-filtration. Only units processed during the last 2 weeks of shelf-life fulfilled this criterion when centrifugation was omitted from the procedure. The majority of the latter units were clinically tolerated well due to their reduced granulocyte content.
144. Image Quality Evaluation of a Newly Developped DF System. : Evaluation of a 1 million pixel CCD camera in resolution. (1994)

1. CCDカメラの解像特性は, 方向・入射光量に依存しない.2. CCDカメラは, 周辺部の解像度低下が小さい.3. CCDカメラは定量評価に適したカメラと考える.
Low Thermal Budget Processing for Sequential 3-D IC Fabrication (2007)

Laser annealing can be used for electrical activation of dopants without excessively heating the material deeper within the work piece. The authors demonstrate that laser annealing could be used for activating the dopants in the upper levels of an exemplary 3-D integrated circuit structure without affecting the operation of the devices below. We then use a 450 degC low-temperature oxide deposition process for forming the gate oxide and laser annealing for activating the dopants at the source/drain and gate regions to fabricate CMOS transistors. This process can be used to fabricate the transistors on the upper levels of a general 3-D IC structure without affecting the quality of the devices below
Implementation and verification of a flexible optical tracker (2015)

Despite being demonstrably better than conventional surgical techniques with regards to implant alignment and outlier reduction, computer navigation systems have not faced widespread adoption in surgical operating rooms. We believe that one of the reasons for the low uptake stems from the bulky design of the optical tracker assemblies. These trackers must be rigidly fixed to a patient’s bone and they occupy a significant portion of the surgical workspace, which makes them difficult to use. In this thesis we introduce the design for a new optical tracker system, and subsequently we evaluate the tracker’s performance. The novel tracker consists of a set of low-profile flexible pins that can be placed into a rigid body and individually deflect without greatly affecting the pose estimation. By relying on a pin’s stiff axial direction while neglecting lateral deviations, we gain sufficient constraint over the underlying body. We used an unscented Kalman filter based algorithm as a recursive body pose estimator that can account for relative marker displacements. We assessed our tracker’s performance through a series of simulations and experiments inspired by a total knee arthroplasty. We found that the flexible tracker performs comparably to conventional trackers with regards to accuracy and precision, with tracking errors under 0.3mm for typical operating conditions. The tracking error remained below 0.5mm during pin deflections of up to 40mm. Our algorithm ran at computation speeds greater than real-time at 30Hz which means that it would be suitable for use in real-time applications. We conclude that this flexible pin concept provides sufficient accuracy to be used as a replacement for rigid trackers in applications where its lower profile, its reduced invasiveness and its robustness to deflection are desirable characteristics.