gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas Permeation Properties, Physical Aging, and Its Mitigation in High Free Volume Glassy Polymers (2018)

Hundreds of polymers have been evaluated as membrane materials for gas separations, but fewer than 10 have made it into current commercial applications, mainly due to the effects of physical aging and plasticization. Efforts to overcome these two problems are a significant focus in gas separation membrane research, in conjunction with improving membrane separation performance to surpass the Robeson upper bounds of selectivity versus permeability for commercially important gas pairs. While there has been extensive research, ranging from manipulating the chemistry of existing polymers (e.g., thermally rearranged or cross-linked polyimides) to synthesizing new polymers such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), there have been three major oversights that this review addresses: (1) the need to compare the approaches to achieving the best performance in order to identify their effectiveness in improving gas transport properties and in mitigating aging, (2) a common standardized aging protocol that allows rapid determination of the success (or not) of these approaches, and (3) standard techniques that can be used to characterize aging and plasticization across all studies to enable them to be robustly and equally compared. In this review, we also provide our perspectives on a few key aspects of research related to high free volume polymer membranes: (1) the importance of Robeson plots for membrane aging studies, (2) eliminating thermal history, (3) measurement and reporting of gas permeability and aging rate, (4) aging and storing conditions, and (5) promising approaches to mitigate aging.
Synthesis of Raspberry-like PMMA/SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite Particles via a Surfactant-Free Method (2004)

Waterborne raspberry-like PMMA/SiO2 nanocomposite particles were prepared via a free radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with 1-vinylimidazole (1-VID) in the presence of ultrafine aqueous silica sols. The strong acid−base interaction between hydroxyl groups (acidic) of silica surfaces and amino groups (basic) of 1-VID was strong enough for promoting the formation of long-stable PMMA/SiO2 nanocomposite particles when 10 mol % or more 1-VID as auxiliary monomer was used. The average particle sizes and the silica contents of the nanocomposite particles could range from 120 to 350 nm and 5 to 47%, respectively, depending upon reaction conditions. The influence of synthetic conditions, for instance, initial silica charge, reaction temperature, pH value, and 1-VID charge, on the particle properties was studied in detail. Stable nanocomposite particles could only be obtained at base conditions, and the silica content in the nanocomposite particles reached the maximum when pH value was 8.0. TEM and SEM indicated a raspberry-like morphology of the obtained nanocomposite particles. Zeta potential measurements confirmed that part of the 1-VID was located on the surface of the nanocomposite particles, which was consistent with the raspberry-like morphology. A possible formation mechanism of nanocomposite particles was proposed.
Laccase: A Review of Its Past and Its Future in Bioremediation (2011)

Laccases are multicopper proteins that use molecular oxygen to oxidize a broad spectrum of organic compounds by a radical-catalyzed reaction mechanism. Many articles over the past 15 years have touted the diverse potential applications of laccase in various biotechnological processes. This review covers the natural roles of the enzyme, its structural properties, substrates, reaction mechanism, and inhibitors, as well as its applications regarding the detoxification and bioremediation of polluted wastewaters and soils. Other applications are briefly covered as well. The authors critically assess the advantages, shortcomings, and future needs relating to laccase availability, effectiveness, and cost-efficiency, and also provide numerous references to the many divisions of research into this multifaceted enzyme.
Feasibility study of sulphone-based electrolytes for a medium-temperature reserve cell concept (2003)

The author describes a feasibility study on materials for a medium-temperature reserve primary cell, which is activated by melting a lithium-salt-sulphone mixture to provide electrical power. The aim was to define performance parameters for use as a high energy density battery capable of current density in the range 5 to 50 mA/cm/sup 2/. The cathode was silver chromate and vanadium oxide. The most promising test cell used a silver chromate carbon, di-p-tolylsulphone-lithium perchlorate, electrolyte and lithium-aluminum alloy anode. Maximum current capability was 40 mA/cm/sup 2/. It was observed that voltage drops were rather high due to the high internal resistance of some sulphone-based cells. These cells could power a heat sensor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using micro-patterned sensors and cell self-assembly for measuring the oxygen consumption rate of single cells (2010)

We present a method for self-assembling arrays of live single cells on a glass chip using a photopatternable polymer to form micro-traps.We have studied the single-cell self-assembly method and optimized the process to obtain a 52% yield of single-trapped cells.We also report a method to measure the oxygen consumption rate of a single cell using micro-patterned sensors.These molecular oxygen sensors were fabricated around each micro-trap allowing optical interrogation of oxygen concentration in the immediate environment of the trapped cell.Micromachined micro-wells were then used to seal the trap, sensor and cell in order to determine the oxygen consumption rate of single cells.These techniques reported here add to the collection of tools for performing 'singe-cell' biology.An oxygen consumption rate of 1.05 0.28 fmol min -1 was found for a data set consisting of 25 single A549 cells.
Off-label use of rituximab in 196 patients with severe, refractory systemic autoimmune diseases. (2010)

Although not yet licensed for this use, rituximab is currently used to treat severe, refractory systemic autoimmune diseases, with the most favourable results being observed in Sjögren's syndrome, inflammatory myopathies, systemic lupus erythematosus and cryoglobulinemia.
Predicting distributed retinal source activity from ERG data. II. Multiple stimulus approach (1988)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.35, no.11, p.941-7 (1988). The objective of this research is the noninvasive prediction of retinal cell activity; more specifically, the goal is to assess the healthiness of discrete regions of the retina. The authors describe a multiple-stimulus approach which involves a single-potential measurement of the cornea as is commonly done clinically at present, but which multiple-flash stimuli. The technique is ultimately dependent on the patient's ability to focus on the external flash stimulus pattern. The individual components of the ERG (electroretinogram), which are directly associated with specific parts of the stimulus pattern (and thus, localized regions on the retina), are stripped off of the composite ERG using signal-correlation techniques. At the heart of this approach is the requirement that the isolated stimuli are each individually uncorrelated to one another, i.e., they are random in time. An analytical ERG is constructed to test the efficacy of the use of single- and double-kernel correlations for predicting retinal impulse responses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimizing high-resolution Community Earth System Model on a heterogeneous many-core supercomputing platform (2020)

Abstract. With semiconductor technology gradually approaching its physical and thermal limits, recent supercomputers have adopted major architectural changes to continue increasing the performance through more power-efficient heterogeneous many-core systems. Examples include Sunway TaihuLight that has four management processing elements (MPEs) and 256 computing processing elements (CPEs) inside one processor and Summit that has two central processing units (CPUs) and six graphics processing units (GPUs) inside one node. Meanwhile, current high-resolution Earth system models that desperately require more computing power generally consist of millions of lines of legacy code developed for traditional homogeneous multicore processors and cannot automatically benefit from the advancement of supercomputer hardware. As a result, refactoring and optimizing the legacy models for new architectures become key challenges along the road of taking advantage of greener and faster supercomputers, providing better support for the global climate research community and contributing to the long-lasting societal task of addressing long-term climate change. This article reports the efforts of a large group in the International Laboratory for High-Resolution Earth System Prediction (iHESP) that was established by the cooperation of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Texas A&amp;M University (TAMU), and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), with the goal of enabling highly efficient simulations of the high-resolution (25 km atmosphere and 10 km ocean) Community Earth System Model (CESM-HR) on Sunway TaihuLight. The refactoring and optimizing efforts have improved the simulation speed of CESM-HR from 1 SYPD (simulation years per day) to 3.4 SYPD (with output disabled) and supported several hundred years of pre-industrial control simulations. With further strategies on deeper refactoring and optimizing for remaining computing hotspots, as well as redesigning architecture-oriented algorithms, we expect an equivalent or even better efficiency to be gained on the new platform than traditional homogeneous CPU platforms. The refactoring and optimizing processes detailed in this paper on the Sunway system should have implications for similar efforts on other heterogeneous many-core systems such as GPU-based high-performance computing (HPC) systems.
Workflow scheduling using multi-agent systems in a dynamically changing environment (2012)

The application of intelligent agent technologies is considered a promising approach to improve system performance in complex and changeable environments. Especially, in the case of unforeseen events, for example, machine breakdowns that usually lead to a deviation from the initial production schedule, a multi-agent approach can be used to enhance system flexibility and robustness. In this paper we apply this approach to revise and re-optimize the dynamic system schedule in response to unexpected events. We employ Multi-Agent System simulation to optimize the total system output (eg, number of finished products) for recovery from machine and/or conveyor failure cases. Diverse types of failure classes (conveyor and machine failures), as well as duration of failures are used to test a range of dispatching rules in combination with the All Rerouting re-scheduling policy, which showed supreme performance in our previous studies. In this context, the Critical Ratio rule, which includes the transportation time into the calculation for the selection of the next job, outperformed all other dispatching rules. We also analysed the impact of diverse simulation parameters (such as number of pallets, class of conveyor failure and class of machine failure) on the system effectiveness. Presented research also enlightens the economic interdependencies between the examined parameters and the benefits of using the agent paradigm to minimize the impact of the disrupting events on the dynamic system.
A Postmodernist Critique of Michaelides' The Silent Patient (2020)

This critique endeavors to analyze Alex Michaelides' novel The Silent Patient (2019) in the light of Lyotard's theoretical philosophy of postmodernism. Postmodernism is a contemporary movement that poses significant challenges to conventional assumptions of knowledge, rationality, truth, and objectivity. The concept of postmodernity also involves the discussion of a complex set of ideas and theoretical discourses which resist a fixed definition and final closure. Jean Francois Lyotard's theory of postmodern metanarratives versus mininarratives was proposed and published in his The Postmodern Condition (1979). For this study, textual analysis as a research method has been used to trace the presence of postmodern characteristics in certain words, dialogues and conversations between the characters. The research ends with findings and recommendations for future research.
Design of magnetic recording heads for high track densities (1985)

Head positioning accuracy may be the factor which most limits track densities in a magnetic recording system. Inaccurate head positioning results in coherent noise from adjacent and previously written tracks. We describe an approach to head design which minimizes noise from these sources, increasing the track density attainable from a given servo system. Tests are defined to evaluate heads by measuring the ratio of signal to noise from adjacent and previously written tracks. Expressions involving head read and write widths are derived for these two signal-to-noise ratios, and their predictions agree well with the test results. The two expressions are simultaneously maximized resulting in constraints on the head widths. Read and write widths of a dual gap thin film head can be adjusted to satisfy these constraints and achieve higher track densities.
Sensor Fusion of a Camera and 2D LIDAR for Lane Detection (2019)

This paper presents a novel lane detection algorithm based on fusion of camera and 2D LIDAR data. On the one hand, objects on the road are detected via 2D LIDAR. On the other hand, binary bird's eye view (BEV) images are acquired from the camera data and the locations of objects detected by LIDAR are estimated on the BEV image. In order to remove the noise generated by objects on the BEV, a modified BEV image is obtained, where pixels occluded by the detected objects are turned into background pixels. Then, lane detection is performed on the modified BEV image. Computational and experimental evaluations show that the proposed method significantly increases the lane detection accuracy.
Business Logic in the Presentation Layer - Design Patterns on the Implementation of Business Logic on the Client-Side. (2006)

As a general rule of thumb, business logic in a multi-layered information system should be implemented in a dedicated domain layer and be separated from the presentation layer. Although this rule has demonstrated its validity, it restricts the options for designing information systems. At times, there may be good reasons to deploy some types of business logic locally in the presentation layer. This paper presents a collection of design patterns that address the forces of implementing business logic in the presentation layer in the context of an object-oriented business domain layer.
Synthetic Biology Guides Biofuel Production (2010)

The advancement of microbial processes for the production of renewable liquid fuels has increased with concerns about the current fuel economy. The development of advanced biofuels in particular has risen to address some of the shortcomings of ethanol. These advanced fuels have chemical properties similar to petroleum-based liquid fuels, thus removing the need for engine modification or infrastructure redesign. While the productivity and titers of each of these processes remains to be improved, progress in synthetic biology has provided tools to guide the engineering of these processes through present and future challenges.
Experimental Assessment of Photon Fluence Rate Distributions in a Medium-Pressure UV Photoreactor (2017)

The performance of a medium-pressure (MP) mercury lamp photoreactor is strongly influenced by the spatial photon fluence rate (PFR) distributions which are wavelength-dependent. To address this issue, PFR distributions in an MP lamp photoreactor were measured using a 360-degree response microfluorescent silica detector (MFSD). To accurately express the optical behavior in an MP photoreactor, PFR, MFSD response PFR (PFR<sub>MFSD</sub>), and effective germicidal PFR (PFR<sub>GER</sub>) were defined and compared. The measured axial and radial PFR<sub>MFSD</sub> values agreed well with the corresponding results from a simulation model (UVCalc). The PFR and PFR<sub>GER</sub> were obtained from the measured PFR<sub>MFSD</sub> by using correction factors calculated by the UVCalc. Under identical UV transmittance (254 nm) conditions (75% and 85%), the weighted average PFR<sub>GER</sub> values were 13.3-18.7% lower than the corresponding PFR values, indicating that PFR<sub>GER</sub>, rather than PFR should be used in MP photoreactor design to meet disinfection standards. Based on measured lamp output, medium absorption spectrum, MFSD response, and microbial DNA response spectrum, the detailed relationships between the PFR, PFR<sub>MFSD</sub>, and PFR<sub>GER</sub> were elucidated. This work proposes a new method for the accurate description of wavelength-dependent PFR distributions in MP photoreactors, thus providing an important tool for the optimal design of these systems.
Miscibility of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with cellulose esters (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMiscibility of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with cellulose estersMariastella Scandola, Giuseppina Ceccorulli, and Maria PizzoliCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 24, 6441–6446Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00050a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views373Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (741 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Silencing of RUNX2 enhances gemcitabine sensitivity of p53-deficient human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells through the stimulation of TAp63-mediated cell death (2015)

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) has been considered to be one of master regulators for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Recently, we have described that RUNX2 attenuates p53/TAp73-dependent cell death of human osteosarcoma U2OS cells bearing wild-type p53 in response to adriamycin. In this study, we have asked whether RUNX2 silencing could enhance gemcitabine (GEM) sensitivity of p53-deficient human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells. Under our experimental conditions, GEM treatment increased the expression level of p53 family TAp63, whereas RUNX2 was reduced following GEM exposure, indicating that there exists an inverse relationship between the expression level of TAp63 and RUNX2 following GEM exposure. To assess whether TAp63 could be involved in the regulation of GEM sensitivity of AsPC-1 cells, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TAp63 was performed. As expected, silencing of TAp63 significantly prohibited GEM-dependent cell death as compared with GEM-treated non-silencing cells. As TAp63 was negatively regulated by RUNX2, we sought to examine whether RUNX2 knockdown could enhance the sensitivity to GEM. Expression analysis demonstrated that depletion of RUNX2 apparently stimulates the expression of TAp63, as well as proteolytic cleavage of poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) after GEM exposure, and further augmented GEM-mediated induction of p53/TAp63-target genes, such as p21 (WAF1) , PUMA and NOXA, relative to GEM-treated control-transfected cells, implying that RUNX2 has a critical role in the regulation of GEM resistance through the downregulation of TAp63. Notably, ablation of TAp63 gave a decrease in number of γH2AX-positive cells in response to GEM relative to control-transfected cells following GEM exposure. Consistently, GEM-dependent phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein was remarkably impaired in TAp63 knockdown cells. Collectively, our present findings strongly suggest that RUNX2-mediated repression of TAp63 contributes at least in part to GEM resistance of AsPC-1 cells, and thus silencing of RUNX2 may be a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of GEM in p53-deficient pancreatic cancer cells.
Game Theory Lecture Notes By (2012)

Note: This is a only a draft version, so there could be flaws. If you find any errors, please do send email to
Combined Nitritation–Anammox: Advances in Understanding Process Stability (2011)

Efficient nitrogen removal from wastewater containing high concentrations of ammonium but little organic substrate has recently been demonstrated by several full-scale applications of the combined nitritation-anammox process. While the process efficiency is in most cases very good, process instabilities have been observed to result in temporary process failures. In the current study, conditions resulting in instability and strategies to regain efficient operation were evaluated. First, data from full-scale operation is presented, showing a sudden partial loss of activity followed by recovery within less than 1 month. Results from laboratory-scale experiments indicate that these dynamics observed in full scale can be caused by partial inhibition of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), while anammox inhibition is a secondary effect due to temporarily reduced O(2) depletion. Complete anammox inhibition is observed at 0.2 mg O(2) · L(-1), resulting in NO(2)(-) accumulation. However, this inhibition of anammox is reversible within minutes after O(2) depletion. Thus, variable AOB activity was identified as the key to reactor stability. With appropriate interpretation of the online NH(4)(+) signal, accumulation of NO(2)(-) can be detected indirectly and used to signal an imbalance of O(2) supply and AOB activity (no suitable online NO(2)(-) electrode is currently available). Second, increased abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB; competing with anammox for NO(2)(-)) is known as another cause of instability. Based on a comparison of parallel full-scale reactors, it is suggested that an infrequent and short-term increased O(2) supply (e.g., for maintenance of aerators) that exceeds prompt depletion of oxygen by AOB may have caused increased NOB abundance. The volumetric air supply as a proxy for O(2) supply thus needs to be linked to AOB activity. Further, NOB can be washed out of the system during regular operation if the system is operated at a sludge age in the range of 45 days and by controlling the air supply according to the NO(3)(-) concentration in the treated effluent. Early detection of growing NOB abundance while the population is still low can help guide process operation and it is suggested that molecular methods of quantifying NOB abundance should be tested.