gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interstage gain proration technique for digital-domain multi-step ADC calibration (1994)

The interstage gain proration technique greatly simplifies the task of digitally calibrating multi-step analog-to-digital converters (ADC's) by reducing the number of error measurements and the memory size to store code errors. This technique also makes it feasible to move the calibration hardware into the digital domain, leaving only the switching function in the analog domain. Even though calibrating a multi-step ADC stage-by-stage gives rise to a range mismatch problem between stages, by digitally subtracting prorated interstage gain errors from the latter-stage code errors, the proposed technique corrects nonlinearities resulting from these inaccurate interstage gains. Simulated ADC examples based on a capacitor-array (C-array) multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) demonstrate a substantial saving in the number of code-error measurements. For example, when calibrating two stages of n/sub 1/ and n/sub 2/ bits each, the resulting number of code-error measurements is given in comparison to the straightforward single-stage calibration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A systematic hybrid analog/digital audio coder (2003)

This paper describes a signal coding solution for a hybrid channel that is the composition of two channels: a noisy analog channel through which a signal source is sent unprocessed and a secondary rate-constrained digital channel. The source is processed prior to transmission through the digital channel. Signal coding solutions for this hybrid channel are clearly applicable to the in-band on-channel (IBOC) digital audio broadcast (DAB) problem. We present the design of a perceptually-based subband audio coder, with complexity comparable to conventional coders, that exploits a signal at the receiver of the form y[n]=g[n]*x[n]+u[n], where x[n], g[n], and u[n] denote respectively the source, the impulse response of convolutional distortion, and additive Gaussian noise. Concepts from conventional subband coding, e.g. subband decomposition, quantization, bit allocation, and lossless signal coding, are tailored to exploit the analog signal at the receiver such that frequency-weighted mean-squared error is minimized.
Growth of Undoped ZnO Films with Improved Electrical Properties by Radical Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2001)

High-quality undoped ZnO epitaxial films with mobilities as high as 120 cm 2 V -1 s -1 and carrier concentrations as low as 7.6 ×10 16 cm -3 have been grown on (1120) a -sapphire substrates using low-temperature buffer layers, a slow substrate cooling process and a modified oxygen radical cell. Pole figure measurements reveal that a -plane sapphire substrates are effective for the elimination of 30° rotation domains, which usually appear in the case of ZnO growth on c -sapphire. The low-temperature buffer layers allow high-temperature growth, because initial ZnO growth does not occur with high initial growth temperature. The use of slow substrate cooling prevents the deterioration of the electrical properties of the ZnO films. Use of quartz insulators in the oxygen radical cell eliminates aluminum contamination, which is a serious problem when using conventional alumina insulators.
Implementation of BIC monitor in balanced analogueself-test (1996)

The authors present the design of a dynamic built-in current (BIC) monitor for a new on-chip analogue self-test methodology. This methodology uses dynarnic power supply current monitoring, and takes advantage of a redundancy in the structure of fully balanced circuits. The dynarnic BIC monitor is based on a second generation current conveyor CCII+, and offers accurate measurement of supply current with minimal degradation in power supply voltage.
MSRA-USTC-SJTU AT TRECVID 2007: HIGH-LEVEL FEATURE EXTRACTION AND SEARCH (2007)

We report and discuss the most significant findings confirming at immunohistochemical and clinical level the correlation between poor prognosis and expression of CEACAM1 on the cell surface of tumors.
Oligoclonal CD8 Lymphocytes from Persons with Asymptomatic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Infection Inhibit DIV-1 Replication (1995)

CD8 lymphocytes from asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected patients can suppress virus production from infected CD4 cells. Suppressive activity is separate and distinct from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) reactivities and is likely mediated by a soluble factor(s). The majority of HIV-1 suppression studies have been done in the context of bulk CD8 cell cultures. In this study, viral suppression was characterized by clonal populations of CD8 cells derived from HIV-1-infected patients. Most of the suppressive clones were devoid of detectable CTL reactivity against env-, gag-, pol-, and nef-expressing targets. Among the suppressive clones derived from an individual patient, a marked heterogeneity was evident with respect to phenotypic markers, cytokine production, and T cell receptor V beta expression. These results suggest that noncytolytic virus suppression is oligoclonal in nature. Clones provide tools for future studies aimed at understanding the mechanism of suppression and identifying the suppressive factor.
MEMS middle ear acoustic sensor for a fully implantable cochlear prosthesis (2007)

A MEMS accelerometer is proposed as an implantable middle ear microphone for a future fully implantable cochlear prosthesis. Vibration characterization of human temporal bones indicates that a MEMS accelerometer needs to achieve a sensing resolution of 75 mug <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> /radicHz with a bandwidth of 10 kHz to detect normal conversation. A prototype MEMS accelerometer is designed and fabricated. The device exhibits a nominal capacitance value of 2.4 pF with a differential sensitivity of 4 fF/g. When interfaced with a low noise CMOS capacitance-to-voltage converter, the sensor achieves a sensing resolution of 78 mug <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> /radicHz at 500 Hz with a sensitivity of 11.5 mV/g and bandwidth of 6.4 kHz. The overall system attached on umbo demonstrates the capability of detecting normal conversation.
A Novel Low Power BPSK Demodulator (2007)

A novel low power binary phase shift keying (BPSK) demodulator architecture is presented. The design employs a phase frequency detector (PFD) based phase locked loop (PLL), which allows for low power consumption and a higher tracking and locking range compared to prior art. Using the proposed architecture, a 13.5 MHz BPSK demodulator has been designed and fabricated in a 0.5mum CMOS technology. Simulation and chip measurement result show that this BPSK demodulator provides low power operation and robust performance.
Extraction of multiple-bounce artifacts in tomographic imaging (2003)

This analysis develops an innovative image formation technique for reflection tomography based upon the extraction of multiple-bounce (MB) ghosting artifacts. The basic concept is that the time-of-flight between the transmission and reception of a waveform includes the realistic effects of MB interactions. An enhanced quality image can be constructed by utilizing only the single-bounce (SB) contributions of the measured phase history data. In addition, the MB ghosting artifacts are projected into a series of auxiliary images that can be applied to enhance the performance of object identification. These novel methods can be applied to the many domains of reflection tomography, including: (a) real aperture radar, (b) synthetic aperture radar (SAR), (c) inverse SAR (ISAR), (d) active sonar underwater acoustic mapping, (e) active geographic acoustic exploration, and (f) ultrasonic medical imaging.
DDDAS-based Joint Nonlinear Manifold Learning for Target Localization (2017)

The dynamic data-driven applications system (DDDAS) paradigm uses the controlled measurement data to update models. When big data streams are available, signal processing can be used for situation awareness. However, many times, the physical world prevents sensor measurements availability which provides an opportunity to use heterogeneous sensor information; but methods are needed for data normalization, sampling alignment, and data mining. In this paper, we highlight a joint nonlinear manifold learning approach to that incorporates advances in machine learning, data fusion, and model-based simulation propagators. The context of the situation monitoring includes a multiple moving targets, a video sensor, and distributed signal sensors. The challenge is to determine the moving emitter amongst a cluttered scene during an experiment with large data streams. Resolving the signature triangulation of the emitter with that of the video sensor is both a nonlinear tracking problem as well as data learning issue. The paper presents the joint nonlinear manifold learning approach that is theoretically developed such sensor models could not only be the tracking scenario; but that of structure health monitoring as well as internet of things (IoT) examples. The theoretical analysis, heterogeneous data set, machine learning, and results are presented to showcase the importance of real-time DDDAS modeling updates of kinematic models.
Velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (2006)

In pathologies in which slow or collateral flow conditions may exist, conventional arterial spin labeling (ASL) methods that apply magnetic tags based on the location of arterial spins may not provide robust measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF), as the transit delay for the delivery of blood to target tissues may far exceed the relaxation time of the tag. Here we describe current methods for ASL with velocity-selective (VS) tags (termed VSASL) that do not require spatial selectivity and can thus provide quantitative measures of CBF under slow and collateral flow conditions. The implementation of a robust multislice VSASL technique is described in detail, and data obtained with this technique are compared with those obtained with conventional pulsed ASL (PASL). The technical considerations described here include the design of VS pulses, background suppression, anisotropy with respect to velocity-encoding directions, and CBF quantitation issues.
Behaviours of Hydrogen Decrepitation in R-Fe-B Type Permanent Magnet Alloy. (1997)

The powder metallurgical process has been used to produce Nd-Fe-B sintered permament magnet. Therefore, fine magnetic powders (3-4 μm) are required to be pulverized from Nd-Fe-B casting alloy. At present, a combination of hydrogen decrepitation(HD) and mechanical milling has been applied to make fine powders efficently. In our previous work, the fundamental hydrogen absorbing mechanism into Nd-Fe-B alloy was successfully studied by using P-C-Tequipment. In this paper, the influences of both the hydrogen absorbing conditions and the alloy conditions. Le. chemical composition, microstructure, and crystalline size, on the hydrogen decrepitation of Nd-Fe-B alloy were investigated in terms of H/M, and the basic mechanism of decrepitation processes related with the hydrogen absorbing conditions was revealed.
Lensless Digital Holographic Microscopy for Microbe Detection (2016)

Microbial life on ocean worlds can be searched for with microscopes capable of tracking 3-dimensional particle motion. Here we discuss several lensless digital holographic microscope designs that can enable micron-scale resolution in very compact packages.
Adaptive stack algorithm in document image decoding (2003)

The stack algorithm, which is a best-first search algorithm widely used in speech recognition, is modified for application to the problem of recognizing machine printed text in the document image decoding (DID) framework. An iterative scheme is described wherein successively more stringent stack searches are performed, each time using a model of the image that is updated on the basis of what was discovered on the previous iteration. In this way, the algorithm can adapt to realistic degradation patterns that are irregular and perhaps not well described by stationary models. The contribution of this work is twofold: (1) it represents a reliable method of estimating suitable parameter values for stack decoding in DID, and (2) as a means of handling nonstationary degradation, it presents an alternative to another recently developed approach that is described elsewhere, the iterated complete path algorithm, at potentially lower computational cost. Preliminary results are presented on text line images with simulated nonstationary noise.
High-Performance, Large-Volume THM CdZnTe Detectors for Medical Imaging and Homeland Security Applications (2006)

High-quality large single crystals of Cd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.9</sub> Zn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.1</sub> Te (> 7 inch <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) have been consistently produced by the THM (solution growth) method. Various large-volume X-ray and gamma-ray detector configurations fabricated from this THM CZT material have produced detectors with excellent performance. A room-temperature mean energy resolution of 4.3% for a Co-57 source (122 keV) and uniform pixel-to-pixel response have been demonstrated on monolithic 20times20times5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> pixellated detectors useful for imaging applications. In addition, energy resolution of <1% FWHM @ Cs-137 (662 keV) has been measured on virtual Frisch-Grid 4times4times11 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> devices useful for homeland security applications. Additional characterization techniques such as mu-tau measurements, infrared microscopy, X-ray topography and ODLTS have demonstrated the superior quality of this THM CZT. The results of material characterization measurements and detector tests will be presented.
Evaluation of a Second-Generation Ultra-Fast Energy-Resolved ASIC for Photon-Counting Spectral CT (2013)

A second-generation ultra-fast energy-resolved application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) has been developed for photon-counting spectral computed tomography (CT). The energy resolution, threshold dispersion and gain of the ASIC were characterized with synchrotron radiation at Diamond Light Source. The standard deviation of threshold offsets at zero keV is 0.89 keV. An RMS energy resolution of 1.09 keV has been demonstrated for 15 keV photon energy at a count rate of 40 kcps, and it deteriorates at a rate of 0.29 keV/Mcps with the increase of output cout rate. The count rate performance of the ASIC has also been evaluated with 120 kV polychromatic x-rays produced by a tungsten anode tube and the results are presented.
A Transposable Partitioning Locus Used To Stabilize Plasmid-Borne Hydrogen Oxidation and Trifolitoxin Production Genes in a <i>Sinorhizobium</i> Strain (1998)

Improved nitrogen-fixing inoculum strains for leguminous crops must be able to effectively compete with indigenous strains for nodulation, enhance legume productivity compared to the productivity obtained with indigenous strains, and maintain stable expression of any added genes in the absence of selection pressure. We constructed a transposable element containing the tfx region for expression of increased nodulation competitiveness and the par locus for plasmid stability. The transposon was inserted into tetA of pHU52, a broad-host-range plasmid conferring the H2 uptake phenotype. The resulting plasmid, pHUTFXPAR, conferred the plasmid stability, trifolitoxin production, and H2 uptake phenotypes in the broad-host-range organism Sinorhizobium sp. strain ANU280. The broad applications of a transposon conferring plasmid stability are discussed.
Applications of stimulated Brillouin scattering in high power solid state lasers (1994)

Phase conjugation via stimulated Brillouin scattering is a simple method for dynamically correcting the aberrations in laser amplifying media and represents a powerful technique for scaling the brightness of such devices. The match between SBS and solid state lasers is a particularly ideal one because Q-switching provides the high peak powers (typically > MW) needed to exceed SBS threshold, and unlike gaseous or liquid media, other options for cleaning aberrations such as flowing the medium are not available in solid state media. As a result, the highest brightness solid state lasers demonstrated to date have been ones using SBS phase conjugation.1–3 SBS can also be used to coherently combine multiple apertures in parallel,4 further enhancing its utility as a method for scaling energy/power.
Improved efficiency and lifetime study of InP/CdS solar cells (1975)

The p-InP/n-CdS solar cell, made of inexpensive raw materials and chemically stable components, is a candidate for large scale applications. Cells with initial efficiencies between 8 and 12.5% (the previously reported maximum) are improved to 14% by a 15 minute anneal in 15% H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> + 85% N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> at 550 to 600°C. The main effect of this anneal is to increase the open circuit voltage, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf> , to 0.72 V. We find that the cell characteristics do not change during 15 minute anneals in air up to 400°C. At higher temperatures V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf> goes up as in the forming gas anneals, but the conductivity of the CdS drops. Starting with these observations we have begun a lifetime study.
Antitumor efficacy of a human major histocompatibility complex nonrestricted cytotoxic T-cell line (TALL-104) in immunocompetent mice bearing syngeneic leukemia. (1996)

The human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic T-cell line TALL-104 displays potent tumoricidal activity both in vitro and in animals bearing either spontaneous or induced tumors. In the present study, we used B6D2F1 mice engrafted with the syngeneic pre-B leukemia cell line 7OZ as a model system to investigate the mechanisms by which TALL-104 cells display antitumor activity in an immunocompetent host. In vitro studies indicated that 7OZ cells are resistant to TALL-104 cell-induced necrotic death, as measured in 51Cr release assays, but can be killed by the xenogeneic effectors via apoptotic mechanisms. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that 70% of cyclosporin A-treated mice that received multiple i.p. injections of gamma-irradiated (nonproliferating) TALL-104 cells at an early or intermediate stage of disease did not develop any clinical or molecular signs of leukemia. If the same treatment was initiated at an advanced disease stage, it doubled the survival of the animals. Importantly, 100% of the treated mice that remained disease-free in a 4-month follow-up period rejected a further challenge of high-dose 7OZ cells; these mice had developed tumor-specific Immoral and cellular responses. In another set of experiments, marrows from leukemic mice containing </= 10% 7OZ cells were purged ex vivo with irradiated TALL-104 cells and engrafted into sublethally irradiated B6D2F, mice; up to 80% of the recipients failed to develop leukemia, and 40% of them were protected against a 7OZ rechallenge 4 months later. TALL-104 purging efficacy was lower if the marrows were infiltrated by >/= 30%. Ex vivo purging with a human lymphokine-activated killer cell preparation in the same conditions proved to be less effective. The overall data indicate the potent antileukemic effects of TALL-104 cells in vivo and provide evidence that xenogeneic effectors can induce tumor regression via a dual mechanism of direct tumoricidal activity and recruitment of endogenous antitumor immunity.
Automatic detection of abnormalities in chest radiographs using local texture analysis (2002)

A fully automatic method is presented to detect abnormalities in frontal chest radiographs which are aggregated into an overall abnormality score. The method is aimed at finding abnormal signs of a diffuse textural nature, such as they are encountered in mass chest screening against tuberculosis (TB). The scheme starts with automatic segmentation of the lung fields, using active shape models. The segmentation is used to subdivide the lung fields into overlapping regions of various sizes. Texture features are extracted from each region, using the moments of responses to a multiscale filter bank. Additional "difference features" are obtained by subtracting feature vectors from corresponding regions in the left and right lung fields. A separate training set is constructed for each region. All regions are classified by voting among the k nearest neighbors, with leave-one-out. Next, the classification results of each region are combined, using a weighted multiplier in which regions with higher classification reliability weigh more heavily. This produces an abnormality score for each image. The method is evaluated on two databases. The first database was collected from a TB mass chest screening program, from which 147 images with textural abnormalities and 241 normal images were selected. Although this database contains many subtle abnormalities, the classification has a sensitivity of 0.86 at a specificity of 0.50 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.820. The second database consist of 100 normal images and 100 abnormal images with interstitial disease. For this database, the results were a sensitivity of 0.97 at a specificity of 0.90 and an area under the ROC curve of 0.986.
Ljuddämparanordning och motorfordon innefattande en sådan ljuddämparanordning : Silencer device for piston compressor of motor vehicle has resonator with an inlet aperture set in a wall of a throughflow duct, and has a cross-sectional area larger than or equal to that of the throughflow duct (2011)

The invention relates to a silencer device (10) for connection to a piston compressor of a motor vehicle, which device comprises - a housing (11) with an inlet (12) intended for connection to a suc ...