gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Value of [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in diagnosis and localization of Cushing's disease. (2011)

18FDG PET/CT whole-body scan can exclude ectopic adrenocorticotropin-secreting tumors and localize the pituitary lesions with higher accuracy than MRI. Therefore, it is useful for suspected Cushing's disease, especially for patients their MRI and IPSS have negative or paradoxical results.
Efforts to improve carrier mobility in radio frequency sputtered aluminum doped zinc oxide films (2004)

This study addresses the electrical and optical properties of radio frequency magnetron sputtered aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) films. The main focus was on the improvement in carrier mobility μ to achieve simultaneously high transparency for visible and particularly near-infrared light and low resistivity. The influence of Al concentration in the target, film thickness, sputter power, deposition pressure, and substrate temperature on material properties was investigated. The structural, compositional, electrical and optical properties were studied using x-ray diffraction, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), room temperature Hall effect measurements and spectral photometry, respectively. All ZnO:Al films were polycrystalline and preferentially oriented along [002]. The grain size along the direction of growth increased with higher Al doping and with increasing film thickness. The SIMS measurements revealed that the Al concentration in the film was nearly the same as in the target. Carrier concentration N and mobility μ are determined by the target Al concentration. In addition μ is influenced by the film thickness and the sputter pressure. For each Al concentration, the highest μ was generally observed at low deposition pressures. By using a target with low Al2O3 concentration of 0.5 wt %, μ could be improved up to 44.2 cm2/V s while maintaining the electrical resistivity ρ as low as 3.8×10−4 Ω cm. For these films the transparency in the near-infrared wavelength range strongly improved which makes them particularly interesting for the application in optoelectronic devices like thin-film solar cells. The μ-N dependence for films deposited under diverse conditions was studied to identify a practical limit for μ.
Further Thoughts on the Recruitment of REC Lay Members (2007)

This article seeks to broaden the debate on the recruitment of REC lay members by arguing that the recruitment of good members requires that there is initially a need to heighten awareness among potential candidates of the nature of the lay contribution. The article offers a recruiting process model of: awareness; advocacy; characterization; recruitment, and training, and focuses on the first three steps in that process. The current position is that there is sparse awareness and advocacy of the role of the lay member at a time of rapid change, both in the ‘research ethics service’ and the lay contribution thereto. Thus it is seen as imperative that positive steps are taken to change this position, filling a lacuna that appears to exist. Given that the candidate pool can become larger and have a fuller understanding of the ‘research ethics service’, better recruitment and hence better-trained members should result. As a way forward, practical ways and means to do this are suggested, providing topics that will engender a wider debate and perhaps as an outcome, some new initiative.
Nanorough silica coatings by chemical vapor deposition (2014)

Control over the growth of nanoscale roughness on surfaces and interfaces is critical for applications ranging from tunable wettability to anti-reflective coatings. Herein, we investigate the growth of nanoscale roughness on silicon substrates. Nanoscale roughness is introduced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of tetraethoxysilane under mild conditions and quantified by scanning force microscopy. We study the dependence of nanoroughness on the surface properties of the substrate before CVD, in particular on annealing and plasma cleaning, while taking an untreated substrate as reference. Nanoroughness is highest on annealed samples and always increases over longer CVD time. Furthermore, we report the time-dependent growth of the thickness of the silica layer. These results contribute to understanding of the role of surface pretreatment in the context of growing silica on a substrate.
Long Noncoding RNAs in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling (2017)

A novel long noncoding RNA Chaer acts as noncoding epigenetic regulator at the onset of cardiac hypertrophy and enables an improved understanding about the complex mechanisms in cardiovascular disease.
Antibacterial Effect of Lanthanum Calcium Manganate (La<SUB>0.67</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.33</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB>) Nanoparticles Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (2010)

Nanotechnology based water purification system and treatment of human diseases are of higher priority in the immediate future for economic and undetermined health purpose. Nanoparticles offer the possibility of an efficient removal of pollutants and microbes in water treatment. Here we have used colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) materials, lanthanum calcium manganate (LCMO) and Eu3+ doped lanthanum calcium manganate (LECMO) nanoparticles, to determine the antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-ATCC 27853, a soil and water born pathogenic bacteria. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles was varied from 50 nm to 200 nm and X-ray diffraction pattern showed the formation of a single phase LCMO or LECMO of an orthorhombic crystal structure after annealing the precursor at 1000 degrees C for 2 h in air. The data revealed that LCMO nanoparticle have higher antibacterial activity compared to LECMO nanoparticle. Thus, LCMO nanoparticles can offer future applications as antimicrobial drug and in water purification technology.
Therapeutic value of a cardioprotective agent in patients with severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy (1990)

Trimetazidine (TMZ) has been shown to have anti-ischaemic properties improving exercise tolerance without haemodynamic effects. A 6-month double-blind placebo-controlled study was carried out in 20 patients, mean age 59 +/- 6 years, to examine the benefit of adding 60 mg of TMZ vs placebo to the classical therapy, excluding those previously treated with calcium-antagonists, conversion enzyme inhibitors, vasodilators and antiplatelet agents. All patients had severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy, confirmed by coronary angiography; six were in NYHA class IV; 14 in NYHA class III; four had mild recurrent angina pectoris. assessment included clinical and biological evaluation, electrocardiography (ECG), 24-h ECG monitoring, cardiac volume evaluation with chest X-ray, left ventricular fractional shortening by echocardiography, left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide angiography. Baseline characteristics were similar in placebo (11 patients) and TMZ (nine patients) groups. Eighteen patients (nine in each group) were followed up for 6 months. In eight patients of the placebo group, treatment had to be modified (addition of calcium antagonists: four patients, conversion enzyme inhibitors: two patients; digitalics: one patient; diuretics: one patient). In the TMZ group, digitalic therapy was withdrawn in one patient and added in one patient (P less than 0.01). At 6 months, all TMZ group patients were free from angina; dyspnoea was improved in all TMZ patients and in only one placebo patient (P less than 0.001). Ejection fraction, increased by 9.3% in the TMZ group and decreased by 15.6% in the placebo group (P less than 0.018), CV decreased by 7% with TMZ, increased by 4% with placebo. (P = 0.034).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9‐(3‐Deoxy‐ and 2,3‐Dideoxy‐3‐fluoro‐β‐D‐xylofuranosyl) Guanines as Potential Antiviral Agents. (1990)

Abstract The nucleosides (XI) mentioned in the title are prepared as shown in the reaction scheme.
A Mixed-Signal Circuit Technique for Cancellation of Interferers Modulated by LO Phase-Noise in 4G/5G CA Transceivers (2018)

In RF transceivers operating in carrier-aggregation, spurs are generated on the transceiver chip which may down-convert any blocker signal located at the spur frequency into the receiver baseband. The blocker signal could either be the transceiver's own transmit signal when operating in frequency-division duplex, or a WiFi-related signal received by the antenna. This so-called modulated spur interference contains the phase-noise (PN) of the involved local oscillator harmonics which created the spur and leads to a degradation of the wanted RX signal. The presented mixed-signal circuit mimics the spur building law including the PN of the harmonics and is, therefore, able to provide a replica of the spur interference including PN modulated components. This replica is then used as a reference signal for the digital cancellation of the main and image modulated spur interference using a widely-linear (WL) cancellation structure. The proposed circuit technique is implemented in 28 nm LP CMOS technology, and measurement results show that the mixed-signal solution outperforms a digital-only WL cancellation with respect to PN cancellation even with high blocker power levels of -15 dBm at the input of the low-noise amplifier.
290 apartamentos en Zalmhaven: Rotterdam (Holanda) (2002)

When DWI with multiple b values is used to differentiate benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures, b values within the range of around 300 s/mm2 are recommended, taking into account both SNR and diffusion weighting of water molecules.
The reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer (review). (1993)

A brief review of the "state of the art" (1992) knowledge concerning various strategies and tactics to overcome multidrug resistance is presented. Multidrug resistance remains the main obstacle to long-term successful cancer chemotherapy; its prevention or elimination is probably one of the most promising avenues in cancer research.
A Real-Time Query Log Protection Method for Web Search Engines (2020)

Web search engines (e.g., Google, Bing, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo) may process a myriad of search queries per second. According to Internet Live Stats, Google handles more than two hundred million queries per hour, i.e., about two trillion queries per year. For monetization purposes, the queries can be stored and complemented with additional data, referred to as query logs. Together, they can correlate valuable information to build accurate user profiles. Before releasing the query logs to third parties (e.g., for profit purposes), the personal information contained in the query logs must be properly protected by the web search engines. Current regulations establish strict control, and require from provable anonymization processing (e.g., in terms of statistical disclosure) of any personally identifiable information. In this paper, we tackle this challenge. We propose a real-time anonymization solution to protect streams of unstructured data at the server side. Our approach is based on the use of a probabilistic k-anonymity technique. It allows probabilistic processing of personally identifiable attributes contained in the query logs, with provable privacy properties. Our solution handles limitations of traditional k-anonymity approaches with respect to unstructured data and real-time processing. We present the implementation of our solution and report experimental evaluation results. The evaluation is conducted in terms of privacy, utility, and scalability achievement. Results validate the feasibility of our proposal.
Cancer Survival in Sweden During Three Decades, 1961–1991 (1995)

Cancer survival in Sweden in 1961-1991 is presented as a comprehensive report from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The report shows both successes and failures, confirms some earlier published results and presents some new findings worth further analysis. Survival has increased for female breast cancer, malignant melanoma, cancers of the testis and thyroid gland, acute leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease. No improvements are found for multiple myeloma or cancers of the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Small increases are shown for colorectal cancer and cancers of the stomach, oesophagus, and kidney. Increases in postoperative survival are shown for sites dominated by histologically benign tumors, i.e., intracranial neurinoma, meningioma, and cancers of the endocrine glands such as parathyroid tumors. From 1970-1972 to 1980-1982 the 10-year relative survival rate (RSR) increased from 30% to 38% for males and from 44% to 51% for females. Hence, cancer survival for all cases combined has approached the survival of the general population somewhat. Most of the increases took place in the 1970's. Changes in the distribution of incidence towards cancer sites with better prognoses account for some 10-20% of the observed increases in RSR, whereas the aging of the cancer population reduces the upward trend in RSR for all cases combined by some 1-2%. Cancer patients have poorer survival than the population long after 5 years of follow-up. They reach the survival of the population after about 8-12 years for colorectal cancer, 10 years for cervical cancer, 7-10 years for malignant melanoma, 13-18 years for kidney cancer, and more than 19 years for female breast and prostate cancer. For patients diagnosed in 1970-1972 this occurred 16 years after diagnosis at 29% for males and 43% for females when all cancer cases were combined. The extended time until 'statistical cure' for most cancer forms clearly indicates the need to augment the commonly used 5-year RSR with other outcome measures. If cancers on average are discovered earlier today, the 5-year RSR gives an exaggerated impression of the improvement over time. In this case the change in the 10-year RSR is a less biased criterion.
Knowledge processes and ontologies (2001)

In this article, we present an approach for ontology-based knowledge management (KM) that includes a tool suite and a methodology for developing ontology-based KM systems. It builds on the distinction between knowledge processes and knowledge metaprocesses, and is illustrated by CHAR (Corporate History AnalyzeR), a KM system for corporate history analysis.
Phenotypic and functional profiling of human proinflammatory type-1 and anti-inflammatory type-2 macrophages in response to microbial antigens and IFN-γ- and CD40L-mediated costimulation (2005)

Macrophages (Mphi) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells with various immune and homeostatic functions. Recently, we have described type-1 and type-2 human monocyte-derived Mphi subsets. Although both support outgrowth of intracellular mycobacteria, Mphi-1 secretes interleukin (IL)-23/IL-12 and supports T helper cell type 1 (Th1) responses, whereas Mphi-2 fails to produce IL-23/IL-12, predominantly secretes IL-10, and inhibits Th1 function. Here, we further describe the phenotypic and functional profiles of Mphi-1 and Mphi-2 in response to microbial antigens and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and CD40L as costimulatory T cell back-talk signals. Activated IL-23(+)/IL-12(+) Mphi-1 secreted IL-1beta, IL-18, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), Mphi inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta), regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), Mphi-derived chemokine (MDC), and (low levels of) pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), corroborating their proinflammatory function. Regardless of the stimulus, Mphi-2 maintained their IL-10(+) signature cytokine profile and produced no or relatively low levels of IL-12p40, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, MDC, or TARC. It is remarkable that Mphi-2 secreted high levels of IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10, MIP-1beta, and RANTES, suggesting an active role for these cells in regulating cellular immunity and homeostasis. Mphi-1 and Mphi-2 expressed similar levels of Toll-like receptor and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin as microbial pattern recognition receptors. Mphi-2, unlike Mphi-1 but like other nonclassical Mphi described previously, expressed CD163 and down-modulated human leukocyte antigen and costimulatory molecules specifically upon activation. These findings demonstrate how Mphi-1/Mphi-2 polarization can differentially skew the host response toward pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses, respectively. This is likely to be relevant for host-pathogen interactions in chronic bacterial infections and provides a model for dissecting pro- and anti-inflammatory cascades.
Discovering Malicious Domains through Passive DNS Data Graph Analysis (2016)

Malicious domains are key components to a variety of cyber attacks. Several recent techniques are proposed to identify malicious domains through analysis of DNS data. The general approach is to build classifiers based on DNS-related local domain features. One potential problem is that many local features, e.g., domain name patterns and temporal patterns, tend to be not robust. Attackers could easily alter these features to evade detection without affecting much their attack capabilities. In this paper, we take a complementary approach. Instead of focusing on local features, we propose to discover and analyze global associations among domains. The key challenges are (1) to build meaningful associations among domains; and (2) to use these associations to reason about the potential maliciousness of domains. For the first challenge, we take advantage of the modus operandi of attackers. To avoid detection, malicious domains exhibit dynamic behavior by, for example, frequently changing the malicious domain-IP resolutions and creating new domains. This makes it very likely for attackers to reuse resources. It is indeed commonly observed that over a period of time multiple malicious domains are hosted on the same IPs and multiple IPs host the same malicious domains, which creates intrinsic association among them. For the second challenge, we develop a graph-based inference technique over associated domains. Our approach is based on the intuition that a domain having strong associations with known malicious domains is likely to be malicious. Carefully established associations enable the discovery of a large set of new malicious domains using a very small set of previously known malicious ones. Our experiments over a public passive DNS database show that the proposed technique can achieve high true positive rates (over 95%) while maintaining low false positive rates (less than 0.5%). Further, even with a small set of known malicious domains (a couple of hundreds), our technique can discover a large set of potential malicious domains (in the scale of up to tens of thousands).
The emotional context of information privacy (2015)

Why are ongoing legal, design, and policy debates around information privacy often divorced from the lived experience of everyday digital media use? This article argues that human emotion is a critical but undertheorized element in users' subjective sense of information privacy. The piece advocates for a greater attention to the phenomenology of feeling and to the concept of “visceral” design in information privacy scholarship, policy, and design practice.
TRDP: a Trusted Router Discovery Protocol (2007)

Router discovery allows a host to discover what routers exist on the link before communicating with nodes outside of the link. It is particularly easy to configure "rogue" routers on an unsecured link, and it is particularly difficult for a node to distinguish between valid and invalid access router information, because the newly-connected host cannot communicate off-link and cannot be responsible for searching information to help validate the routers. In this paper, a trusted router discovery protocol (TRDP) is presented to secure the router discovery process for a host. Compared with authorization delegation discovery process introduced in IETF SEND protocol, the proposed TRDP obviates the burdensome work for a host to parse the lengthy certification path, improves efficiency on network communication between the router and host during the router authentication process, and also reduces the exposure to attacks on both host and access router.
Abstract 18948: A Clinical and Biomarker Scoring System to Predict the Presence of Obstructive Peripheral Artery Disease: Results From the Catheter Sampled Blood Archive in Cardiovascular Diseases (CASABLANCA) Study (2017)

Introduction: Simple non-invasive tools to predict the presence of obstructive peripheral artery disease (PAD) may help reduce the need for imaging or invasive diagnostic testing. Hypothesis: In a prospective cohort of patients referred for diagnostic peripheral angiography, we hypothesized that a combination of clinical variables and biomarkers would identify patients with obstructive PAD. Methods: Among 258 patients referred for diagnostic peripheral angiography, predictors of ≥50% stenosis in at least one peripheral vessel were identified from over fifty clinical variables and 109 biomarkers, measured in blood obtained prior to angiography. Predictive models were generated using LASSO with logistic regression. A score derived from the final model was built with the entire population, and evaluated within the same population to predict obstructive PAD. Results: The scoring system consisted of clinical variables (body-mass index, history of hypertension) and 6 biomarkers (fetuin A, interleukin 8, kidney injury molecule 1, osteopontin, T cell specific protein RANTES and Tamm Horsfall urinary glycoprotein). The score had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 for obstructive PAD. At optimal cut-off, the score had 63% sensitivity, 75% specificity, 84% positive predictive value (PPV) and 50% negative predictive value (NPV) for obstructive PAD. When the score was divided into low risk (score of ≤3/10) and high risk (score of ≥7/10) groups, the score had a NPV of 67% and a PPV of 100% for obstructive PAD for each subgroup respectively. An elevated score predicted revascularization within 1 year follow up (hazard ratio: 2.13; p (Figure) . Conclusion: In a prospective cohort study, we derived a clinical and biomarker score with high accuracy for predicting the presence of anatomically significant PAD.
The Russian Economic Reform: Progress and Prospects (1992)

A senior CIA economist reviews and analyzes the progress and prospects of the economic reform in Russia. The focus is on developments from October 28, 1991, marked by Yel'tsin's address to the RSFSR Congress of People's Deputies, to the events of early May 1992. The author explores the obstacles that plague transition and identifies a number of accomplishments. Stages of the Yel'tsin-Gaydar reform, including a phase of acceleration, are systematically identified, and discussed. An assessment of near-term prospects and guarded prognosis take into account plans recently outlined by Russia to the IMF. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: P20, P27, P40.
Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids (2006)

Understanding the phase behavior of the various fluids present in a petroleum reservoir is essential for achieving optimal design and cost-effective operations in a petroleum processing plant. Taking advantage of the authors' experience in petroleum processing under challenging conditions, Phase Behavior of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids introdu