gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and molecular characterization of a soluble epoxide hydrolase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> that is related to mammalian microsomal epoxide hydrolase (1999)

Aspergillus niger strain LCP521 harbours a highly processive epoxide hydrolase (EH) that is of particular interest for the enantioselective bio-organic synthesis of fine chemicals. In the present work, we report the isolation of the gene and cDNA for this EH by use of inverse PCR. The gene is composed of nine exons, the first of which is apparently non-coding. The deduced protein of the A. niger EH shares significant sequence similarity with the mammalian microsomal EHs (mEH). In contrast to these, however, the protein from A. niger lacks the common N-terminal membrane anchor, in line with the fact that this enzyme is, indeed, soluble in its native environment. Recombinant expression of the isolated cDNA in Escherichia coli yielded a fully active EH with similar characteristics to the fungal enzyme. Sequence comparison with mammalian EHs suggested that Asp192, Asp348 and His374 constituted the catalytic triad of the fungal EH. This was subsequently substantiated by the analysis of respective mutants constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. The presence of an aspartic acid residue in the charge-relay system of the A. niger enzyme, in contrast to a glutamic acid residue in the respective position of all mEHs analysed to date, may be one important contributor to the exceptionally high turnover number of the fungal enzyme when compared with its mammalian relatives. Recombinant expression of the enzyme in E. coli offers a versatile tool for the bio-organic chemist for the chiral synthesis of a variety of fine chemicals.
Studies towards enantioselective surface imprinted polymers (2009)

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailor-made materials that can specifically rebind desired target molecules. Usually, the template is in solution with monomers that form a specific polymeric cavity around the template. Here, a model system with an amino acid (Fmoc-L-Histidine) is presented. This new approach entails the imprinting of templates that are bound to support materials. It is shown that the new approach leads to materials that exhibit symmetric peak shapes for both enantiomers under isocratic conditions.
Human homologs of the Xenopus oocyte cortical granule lectin XL35 (2001)

The cDNAs encoding two human homologs of the Xenopus oocyte lectin, XL35, were isolated from a small intestine cDNA library and termed HL-1 and HL-2. The deduced amino acid sequence of each homolog is about 60% identical and 80% similar to that of XL35, and none of these sequences contains the C-type lectin motif, although it is known that XL35 requires calcium for ligand binding. By Northern analysis, HL-1 transcripts are present at relatively high levels in heart, small intestine, colon, thymus, ovary, and testis. HL-2 transcripts, by contrast, are expressed only in small intestine. Immunocytochemistry using a polyclonal antibody produced against XL35 shows HL-1 protein to be localized exclusively in endothelial cells in colon, thymus, liver, and other tissues. Primary cultures of human aortic endothelial cells are positive for HL-1 expression by immunoblotting and by PCR analysis, but several other human cell types are not. HL-1 and -2 are both encoded at chromosome 1q23, the same locus that encodes the selectins. XL35, HL-1 and -2, and another mouse homolog are members of a new family of proteins whose members most likely perform diverse functions.
Color fringe correction based on image fusion (2014)

This paper proposes an image fusion based method for color fringe correction. Color fringes are frequently observed at high contrast edges, i.e., a brighter image has more color fringe than a darker image. The proposed color fringe correction method fuses pixel values of the normal-exposure image with color fringe and the under-exposure image with no color fringe. First, each of normal- and under-exposure images is transformed using a color difference model. Second, color fringe regions are detected and used for calculating fusion weights. Third, the color difference values are fused with the weights refined by guided filtering. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion-based method preserves better an original color in color fringe regions than existing methods.
Investigation of magnetic guidance of cochlear implants (2011)

This paper presents a sensor fusion between intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and magnetic trackers for constructing the virtual reality three dimensional models of the blood vessels. We propose this approach for vasculature modeling as part of a guidance system relying on augmented reality for assistance during aortic stent graft deploy. This guidance will facilitate the alignment of the holes on the stent graft walls with the renal and mesenteric arteries ramifications. First we studied the disturbances on the magnetic tracker measurements induced by IVUS emitter after assembling the two sensors together. Then we performed a scan with the hybrid probe inside a blood silicone model submerged into a water tank, captured and fused data from both sensors. The dispersion of samples increased less than 1mm in the evaluated locations while the IVUS was activated. This enabled the construction of a three-dimensional model in virtual reality of the blood vessel model relying on the sensor fusion.
Hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by liquid precursor plasma spraying: controlled dense and porous microstructures and osteoblastic cell responses (2010)

Hydroxyapatite coatings were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by a novel plasma spraying process, the liquid precursor plasma spraying (LPPS) process. X-ray diffraction results showed that the coatings obtained by the LPPS process were mainly composed of hydroxyapatite. The LPPS process also showed excellent control on the coating microstructure, and both nearly fully dense and highly porous hydroxyapatite coatings were obtained by simply adjusting the solid content of the hydroxyapatite liquid precursor. Scanning electron microscope observations indicated that the porous hydroxyapatite coatings had pore size in the range of 10-200 µm and an average porosity of 48.26 ± 0.10%. The osteoblastic cell responses to the dense and porous hydroxyapatite coatings were evaluated with human osteoblastic cell MG-63, in respect of the cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation, with the hydroxyapatite coatings deposited by the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) process as control. The cell experiment results indicated that the heat-treated LPPS coatings with a porous structure showed the best cell proliferation and differentiation among all the hydroxyapatite coatings. Our results suggest that the LPPS process is a promising plasma spraying technique for fabricating hydroxyapatite coatings with a controllable microstructure, which has great potential in bone repair and replacement applications.
Development of a Variable Electromotive-Force Generator for a Wind Turbine (2012)

To improve the power production and the overall operational range of a wind turbine, a modified generator called a variable electromotive-force generator (VEG), which has an adjustable overlap between the rotor and the stator, is proposed. Theoretical analysis of employing a VEG relies on numerous assumptions about the aerodynamic and electromagnetic models of a wind turbine drivetrain. In this work, a novel test stand for a VEG prototype, including a 12 V DC synchronous generator with an adjustable overlap between the rotor and the stator, a 700 W electric motor as the prime mover, and a stepper motor as the actuator for an active control system, is designed and fabricated. The performance of the VEG prototype is studied experimentally, and the active control system to adjust the overlap between the rotor and the stator based on the desired output power at different input speeds is developed. A variable factor is used to condition the desired and real output powers to improve the stability of the control system. The results show that decreasing the overlap between the rotor and the stator of the generator at low speeds results in decreasing the torque loss of the generator and increasing the rotational speed of the generator rotor. Having a VEG in a wind turbine operating under a lower input power than that of a regular generator means the VEG can start working at a lower wind speed than the current cut-in speed of the regular generator.
Ten Years of Gabor-Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (2019)

Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy (GDOCM) is a high-definition imaging technique leveraging principles of low-coherence interferometry, liquid lens technology, high-speed imaging, and precision scanning. GDOCM achieves isotropic 2 μm resolution in 3D, effectively breaking the cellular resolution limit of optical coherence tomography (OCT). In the ten years since its introduction, GDOCM has been used for cellular imaging in 3D in a number of clinical applications, including dermatology, oncology and ophthalmology, as well as to characterize materials in industrial applications. Future developments will enhance the structural imaging capability of GDOCM by adding functional modalities, such as fluorescence and elastography, by estimating thicknesses on the nano-scale, and by incorporating machine learning techniques.
Soft Robotics: Pneumatic Networks for Soft Robotics that Actuate Rapidly (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2014) (2014)

Four separate soft robotic fingers progressively curl to play notes on a keyboard. The finger-like actuators are made of a silicone elastomer molded from 3D printed parts by G. M. Whitesides and co-workers. On page 2163, these soft fingers are shown to be capable of bending fully in less than 50 ms, actuating over 1 million cycles, and bending along different paths based on their rate of pressurization.
Bioinspired polarization imager with high dynamic range (2018)

Polarization is one of the three fundamental properties of light, along with color and intensity, yet most vertebrate species, including humans, are blind with respect to this light modality. In contrast, many invertebrates, including insects, spiders, cephalopods, and stomatopods, have evolved to detect polarization information with high-dynamic-range photosensitive cells and utilize this information in visually guided behavior. In this paper, we present a high-dynamic-range polarization imaging sensor inspired by the visual system of the mantis shrimp. Our bioinspired imager achieves 140 dB dynamic range and 61 dB maximum signal-to-noise ratio across 384×288 pixels equipped with logarithmic photodiodes. Contrary to state-of-the-art active pixel sensors, where photodiodes in individual pixels operate in reverse bias mode and yield up to ∼60  dB dynamic range, our pixel has a logarithmic response by operating individual photodiodes in forward bias mode. This novel pixel circuitry is monolithically integrated with pixelated polarization filters composed of 250-nm-tall × 75-nm-wide aluminum nanowires to enable snapshot polarization imaging at 30 frames per second. This sensor can enable many automotive and remote sensing applications, where high-dynamic-range imaging augmented with polarization information can provide critical information during hazy or rainy conditions.
Coherent THz frequency radiation from shock waves: A new ultrafast strain wave detection mechanism (2007)

We discover that strain waves of THz frequencies can coherently generate radiation when they propagate past an interface between materials with different piezoelectric coefficients. By considering AlN/GaN heterostructures, we show that the radiation is of detectable amplitude and contains sufficient information to determine the time‐dependence of the strain wave with potentially unprecedented nearly atomic time and space resolution. We demonstrate this phenomenon within the context of high amplitude THz frequency strain waves that spontaneously form at the front of shock waves in GaN crystals. We have performed proof of principle experiments that demonstrate THz signals that correlate with strain wave propagation times across Al thin films.
Imaging Fluorometer to Detect Pathological and Physiological Change in Plants (1995)

Fluorescence signals from plant leaves have considerable potential for improving agricultural investigations; however, to fully interpret these signals, which are distributed unevenly across the leaf, it is necessary to image the signal distribution. Leaf tissues generate complex, two-dimensional, changing, time-dependent patterns of fluorescence that occur immediately after illumination of a dark-adapted leaf. These patterns are very sensitive measures of plant photosynthetic function. Thus, we built a novel, fully computer-interfaced instrument which provides two-dimensional images of time-dependent fluorescence in photosynthetic tissue. The instrument was built with the use of parts of our recently constructed imaging spectrophotometer. This instrument employs a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, which can acquire spectra for 31,680 positions per sample. Two simple filters remove excitation emission overlap. Software based on a novel approximation allows imaging of time-dependent fluorescence of photosystem II across the surface of a leaf. A simple reconfiguration of this instrument to image at a distance of seven meters was used to test potential remote sensing applications. The instrument's use in agriculture is demonstrated by very early determination of freeze damage, herbicide effects, and invasion by fungal pathogens.
Optimal Textures: Fast and Robust Texture Synthesis and Style Transfer\n through Optimal Transport (2020)

This paper presents a light-weight, high-quality texture synthesis algorithm\nthat easily generalizes to other applications such as style transfer and\ntexture mixing. We represent texture features through the deep neural\nactivation vectors within the bottleneck layer of an auto-encoder and frame the\ntexture synthesis problem as optimal transport between the activation values of\nthe image being synthesized and those of an exemplar texture. To find this\noptimal transport mapping, we utilize an N-dimensional probability density\nfunction (PDF) transfer process that iterates over multiple random rotations of\nthe PDF basis and matches the 1D marginal distributions across each dimension.\nThis achieves quality and flexibility on par with expensive back-propagation\nbased neural texture synthesis methods, but with the potential of achieving\ninteractive rates. We demonstrate that first order statistics offer a more\nrobust representation for texture than the second order statistics that are\nused today. We propose an extension of this algorithm that reduces the\ndimensionality of the neural feature space. We utilize a multi-scale\ncoarse-to-fine synthesis pyramid to capture and preserve larger image features;\nunify color and style transfer under one framework; and further augment this\nsystem with a novel masking scheme that re-samples and re-weights the feature\ndistribution for user-guided texture painting and targeted style transfer.\n
Phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry at 193 nm (2000)

Phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry at the 193-nm wavelength suitable for highly accurate measurement of wave-front aberration is introduced. The interferometer preserves the advantages of the previously described extreme-ultraviolet phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer but offers higher relative efficiency. Wave-front measurement of an imaging system, operating at the 193-nm wavelength, is reported. Direct measurement of the refractive-index change in a deep-ultraviolet radiation-damaged fused-silica sample is also presented as an application.
Electronic control of a digital micromirror device for projection displays (2002)

Digital micromirror devices (DMDs), developed as spatial light modulators for video projection systems, have evolved to the hidden hinge concept. The DMD consists of a pair of torsion hinges that support a yoke assembly on which a mirror-supporting post and mirror are attached. Underlying electrodes supply the electromotive forces to rotate the mirrors about the axis of the torsion hinges. To tilt the mirror to a desired position, true and complementary data are applied to the two electrodes. The resultant electrostatic force tips the mirror toward the desired position. An additive bias voltage is applied to the mirror. The additional torque applied to the hinges by the bias EMF tilts the mirror to its mechanical stop. It is important to note that the mirror will remain electromechanically latched in this position, regardless of the electrode data, as long as the bias voltage is maintained. The time required for the mirror to transit from the "on" position to the "off" position is 20 /spl mu/s. This response allows the use of binary pulse-width modulation (PWM) to digitally control "on" versus "off" time. The observer of the display naturally integrates the binary optical stream to perceive continuous tones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of frequency multiplexing radiography based on multi-pixel x-ray technology (2007)

We have recently demonstrated the feasibility of frequency multiplexing radiography (FMR) technique based on the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) principle and the carbon nanotube field emission x-ray technology. The key component of the FMR technique is a multi-pixel carbon nanotube field emission x-ray source. The prototype multi-pixel x-ray source has a linear array of nine field emission x-ray pixels. By programming the control electronics, the multi-pixel x-ray source can generate spatially and temporally modulated x-ray radiation. During the multiplexing imaging process, all the x-ray pixels were turned on simultaneously with each beam modulated at different frequency. The superimposed x-ray signals generated by the multi-pixel x-ray source were captured using a high speed flat panel x-ray detector over a certain period of time. The collected composite images were then demultiplexed using a Fourier transform based algorithm to recover the original nine projection images from different view angles. The FMR technique can in principle increase the imaging speed and reduce the x-ray peak workload for applications such as computed tomography (CT). In this paper we evaluated the performance of this new radiographic imaging technique based on our simulation and experiment results. Imaging artifacts caused by the cross-talk among different frequency subchannels have been studied and the importance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been demonstrated.
Process For The Production Of Delta5-unsaturated Fatty Acids In Transgenic Organisms (Patent EP 2366781 A1) (2011)

A process for the production of ”5-unsaturated fatty acids in transgenic organisms comprises transforming an organism with nucleic acid encoding a ”5-desaturase.
Toward a practical ultrasound waveform tomography algorithm for improving breast imaging (2014)

Ultrasound tomography is an emerging modality for breast imaging. However, most current ultrasonic tomography imaging algorithms, historically hindered by the limited memory and processor speed of computers, are based on ray theory and assume a homogeneous background which is inaccurate for complex heterogeneous regions. Therefore, wave theory, which accounts for diffraction effects, must be used in ultrasonic imaging algorithms to properly handle the heterogeneous nature of breast tissue in order to accurately image small lesions. However, application of waveform tomography to medical imaging has been limited by extreme computational cost and convergence. By taking advantage of the computational architecture of Graphic Processing Units (GPUs), the intensive processing burden of waveform tomography can be greatly alleviated. In this study, using breast imaging methods, we implement a frequency domain waveform tomography algorithm on GPUs with the goal of producing high-accuracy and high-resolution breast images on clinically relevant time scales. We present some simulation results and assess the resolution and accuracy of our waveform tomography algorithms based on the simulation data.
Regional random number generator from a cross-coupled chaotic oscillator (2011)

A truly random number generator (TRNG) based on a cross-coupled chaotic oscillator is introduced which relies on generating non-invertible bit streams according to regional distributions of underlying chaotic signal. The effect of noise on the chaotic trajectory is analyzed, inclusion of which renders generated bit streams unpredictable, qualifying the proposed chaos based generator to be used as a truly random source. Simulation and experimental results verifying the feasibility and correct operation of the TRNG are given such that generated bit streams fulfill NIST-800-22 statistical test suite without further post-processing. Presented TRNG features much higher and constant throughput rates and allows for offset compensation.
Five‐year extended follow‐up status of 10 patients with Dravet syndrome treated with fenfluramine (2016)

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare and therapy-resistant epilepsy syndrome. A retrospective analysis of add-on fenfluramine treatment in 12 patients with DS was published in 2012 and provided evidence of a meaningful long-term response. Herein we present the results of a subsequent 5-year prospective observation of this original cohort. Ten patients with a mean current age of 24 years were followed prospectively from 2010 until 2014. The mean current dose of fenfluramine was 0.27 mg/kg/day, with a mean treatment duration of 16.1 years. Seizure frequency was derived from a seizure diary. Cardiac examinations and assessments of clinical effectiveness and adverse events were performed at least annually. Three patients were seizure-free for the entire 5 years, and an additional four patients experienced seizure-free intervals of at least 2 years. Fenfluramine was generally well-tolerated. Two patients had mild (stable) valve thickening on the last echocardiography that was deemed clinically insignificant. No patient had any clinical or echocardiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension. These findings support the long-term control of convulsive seizures by low-dose fenfluramine while being well tolerated in this cohort of patients with DS. After up to 27 years of treatment, no patient has developed any clinical signs or symptoms of cardiac valvulopathy or pulmonary hypertension.