gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Parametrization for Extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek Predictions of Functionalized Gold Nanosphere Stability (2015)

Surface chemistry variations on alkanethiol-modified gold nanoparticles (i.e., packing density, tilt angle, and composition) influence their function in nanotechnology-based applications. Accurate theoretical predictions of the stability of functionalized nanoparticles enable guided design of their properties but are often limited by the accuracy of the parameters used as model inputs. These parametrization limitations for the extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (xDLVO) theory are overcome using a size-dependent Hamaker constant for gold, interfacial surface potentials, and the tilt angles of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which improve the predictive power of xDLVO theory for modeling nanoparticle stability. Measurements of the electrical properties of gold nanoparticles functionalized with a series of thiolated acids of differing ligand lengths and SAM tilt angles validate the predictions of xDLVO theory using these new parametrizations, illustrating the potential for this approach to improve the design and control of the properties of functionalized gold nanoparticles in various applications.
A comparison on the performance of the FDD and TDD modes of B-CDMA communications (2002)

The performance of two modes of transmission power control of the broadband code division multiple access (B-CDMA) signals, the time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD), on a modified Rayleigh modeled channel; and their respective effectivity of diversity reception are compared in order to find the most efficient method to be adopted for the future personal land mobile telecommunications systems (FPLMTS) standards. Computer simulation results indicate that the user capacity of the TDD mode is slightly better for a single path (no diversity) B-CDMA system. The capacity is significantly increased for multipath selection diversity combining systems for both modes, where the user capacity of the TDD reverse link is again slightly better. In the forward link, however, the capacity is only similar if the FDD mobile receivers have a diversity reception capability. Otherwise, the TDD system has a higher user capacity of about 4 dB, because a pre-selection diversity combining technique allows the realisation of diversity reception at TDD mobile units without increasing their complexity. The effect of variable transmission power, resulting from the power control function is investigated. The average transmitted power is measured to find the level of interference on neighboring cells and the resulting change in user capacity.
Enhancement of CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Using CuO Nanoparticles Supported on Green Activated Carbon (2015)

At room temperature, dehydrating agent, concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) was used to form porous carbon (BAC) from bamboo waste shows good properties as CO 2 adsorbent. Selection of nano-CuO supported BAC produce composite materials with high total surface area and smaller pores size composite of 660.8 cm 2 /g and 2.7 nm. XRD data showed the support data to confirm the hydroxide phase formation as intermediate for carbonate and accelerate the CO 2 chemisorption reaction. Besides, the presence of BAC together with metal oxide can improve the CO 2 interaction physically on the surface and pores resulting the higher adsorption capability of 32.2 cm 3 of CO 2 per gram adsorbent. The combination of nano-CuO on BAC become a good adsorbent which can stimulate the CO 2 reduction programme as well as reduce the CO 2 emissions during BAC production.
Pharmacoproteomics: Advancing the Efficacy and Safety of Regenerative Therapeutics (2007)

Proteomic analyses encompass a suite of high-throughput technologies for large-scale separation and identification of proteins responsible for execution of physiological processes. As such, proteomics is ideally suited to dissecting developmental complexity and dynamics, an understanding of which is vital to the realization of regenerative therapeutic medicine. Pharmacoproteomics is increasingly targeting characterization of regenerative therapeutic strategies. A perspective on the application of proteomics to further our understanding of cardiac regenerative medicine, in concert with guided cardiogenic programming, is delineated herein.
Essential Fatty Acids (2000)

The history of the scientific documentation of the need for fat in the diet began with the early nineteenth-century work of Michel Eugene Chevreul (Mayer and Hanson 1960). He showed that lard contained a solid fat, which he termed stearine, and a liquid fat he called elaine (later shown to be the isomer of oleine), and in 1823, this work was published in a treatise, Chemical Investigations of Fats of Animal Origin. Chevreul also crystallized potassium stearate, naming it ‘mother-of-pearl’ and calling its acidified product “margarine” (from the Greek word for mother-of-pearl). In addition, Chevreul isolated various acids from fats and distinguished them on the basis of their melting points.
Therapeutic siRNA: state of the art (2020)

RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient biological mechanism used to defend against external invasion. It theoretically can silence any disease-related genes in a sequence-specific manner, making small interfering RNA (siRNA) a promising therapeutic modality. After a two-decade journey from its discovery, two approvals of siRNA therapeutics, ONPATTRO<sup>®</sup> (patisiran) and GIVLAARI™ (givosiran), have been achieved by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Reviewing the long-term pharmaceutical history of human beings, siRNA therapy currently has set up an extraordinary milestone, as it has already changed and will continue to change the treatment and management of human diseases. It can be administered quarterly, even twice-yearly, to achieve therapeutic effects, which is not the case for small molecules and antibodies. The drug development process was extremely hard, aiming to surmount complex obstacles, such as how to efficiently and safely deliver siRNAs to desired tissues and cells and how to enhance the performance of siRNAs with respect to their activity, stability, specificity and potential off-target effects. In this review, the evolution of siRNA chemical modifications and their biomedical performance are comprehensively reviewed. All clinically explored and commercialized siRNA delivery platforms, including the GalNAc (N-acetylgalactosamine)-siRNA conjugate, and their fundamental design principles are thoroughly discussed. The latest progress in siRNA therapeutic development is also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive view and roadmap for general readers working in the field.
Multi-object Tracking with Quadruplet Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

We propose Quadruplet Convolutional Neural Networks (Quad-CNN) for multi-object tracking, which learn to associate object detections across frames using quadruplet losses. The proposed networks consider target appearances together with their temporal adjacencies for data association. Unlike conventional ranking losses, the quadruplet loss enforces an additional constraint that makes temporally adjacent detections more closely located than the ones with large temporal gaps. We also employ a multi-task loss to jointly learn object association and bounding box regression for better localization. The whole network is trained end-to-end. For tracking, the target association is performed by minimax label propagation using the metric learned from the proposed network. We evaluate performance of our multi-object tracking algorithm on public MOT Challenge datasets, and achieve outstanding results.
Entrainment of heterogeneous glycolytic oscillations in single cells (2015)

Cell signaling, gene expression, and metabolism are affected by cell-cell heterogeneity and random changes in the environment. The effects of such fluctuations on cell signaling and gene expression have recently been studied intensively using single-cell experiments. In metabolism heterogeneity may be particularly important because it may affect synchronisation of metabolic oscillations, an important example of cell-cell communication. This synchronisation is notoriously difficult to describe theoretically as the example of glycolytic oscillations shows: neither is the mechanism of glycolytic synchronisation understood nor the role of cell-cell heterogeneity. To pin down the mechanism and to assess its robustness and universality we have experimentally investigated the entrainment of glycolytic oscillations in individual yeast cells by periodic external perturbations. We find that oscillatory cells synchronise through phase shifts and that the mechanism is insensitive to cell heterogeneity (robustness) and similar for different types of external perturbations (universality).
A control method for small‐scale DC power systems including distributed generators (2009)

Abstract This paper describes a DC micro‐grid system interconnecting distributed power generators. The system consists of five generation and control units: a solar‐cell generation unit, a wind‐turbine generation unit, a battery energy‐storage unit, a flywheel power‐leveling unit, and an AC grid‐interconnecting power control unit. The control method is proposed for suppressing the circulating current by detecting only the DC grid voltage. This method brings high reliability, high flexibility, and maintenance‐free operation to the system. The method pays attention to DC output voltage performance of each unit. Each of the power control units and the energy‐storage unit is controlled to act as a voltage source with imaginary impedance. On the other hand, each of the two generation units is controlled to act as a current source. The power‐leveling unit is controlled to act as a current source having the function of frequency selectivity like a high‐pass filter. A 10‐kW prototype system verifies experimentally the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control method for the DC‐grid system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 86–93, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20603
Design and evaluation of a variable aperture collimator for conformal radiotherapy of small animals using a microCT scanner (2007)

Treatment of small animals with radiation has in general been limited to planar fields shaped with lead blocks, complicating spatial localization of dose and treatment of deep-seated targets. In order to advance laboratory radiotherapy toward what is accomplished in the clinic, we have constructed a variable aperture collimator for use in shaping the beam of microCT scanner. This unit can image small animal subjects at high resolution, and is capable of delivering therapeutic doses in reasonable exposure times. The proposed collimator consists of two stages, each containing six trapezoidal brass blocks that move along a frame in a manner similar to a camera iris producing a hexagonal aperture of variable size. The two stages are offset by 30 degrees and adjusted for the divergence of the x-ray beam so as to produce a dodecagonal profile at isocenter. Slotted rotating driving plates are used to apply force to pins in the collimator blocks and effect collimator motion. This device has been investigated through both simulation and measurement. The collimator aperture size varied from 0 to 8.5 cm as the driving plate angle increased from 0 to 41 degrees. The torque required to adjust the collimator varied from 0.5 to 5 N x m, increasing with increasing driving plate angle. The transmission profiles produced by the scanner at isocenter exhibited a penumbra of approximately 10% of the collimator aperture width. Misalignment between the collimator assembly and the x-ray source could be identified on the transmission images and corrected by adjustment of the collimator location. This variable aperture collimator technology is therefore a feasible and flexible solution for adjustable shaping of radiation beams for use in small animal radiotherapy as well as other applications in which beam shaping is desired.
Rigorous diffraction theory (1999)

ON the basis of Maxwell's equations, together with standard boundary conditions, the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by an obstacle becomes a well-defined mathematical boundary-value problem. In the present chapter some aspects of the theory of diffraction of monochromatic waves are developed from this point of view, and in particular the rigorous solution to the classical problem of diffraction by a perfectly conducting half-plane is given in detail.
Medical Ethnomusicology and the Ontology of Oneness (2008)

Chapter 1 sets a new paradigm of research and applied practice based on the ontology of oneness; introduces medical ethnomusicology; lays a foundation for the study of music, health, and healing through the harmony of science and religion; introduces music-prayer-meditation dynamics, neuroplasticity, cognitive flexibility, entrainment, holistic embodiment (or embeingment), and the Human Certainty Principle as culture-transcendent processes and principles that undergird musical healing; challenges moral and cultural relativism, focusing on the importance of applied work to benefit the whole of humanity; introduces maddâh devotional music and the culture of Badakhshan, Tajikistan as the primary cultural example of musical healing. Core theoretical and philosophical frameworks are established that draw on local beliefs and practices, ethnomusicology, health science, neuro- and cognitive science, and quantum physics.
Actor-Attention-Critic for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Reinforcement learning in multi-agent scenarios is important for real-world applications but presents challenges beyond those seen in single-agent settings. We present an actor-critic algorithm that trains decentralized policies in multi-agent settings, using centrally computed critics that share an attention mechanism which selects relevant information for each agent at every timestep. This attention mechanism enables more effective and scalable learning in complex multi-agent environments, when compared to recent approaches. Our approach is applicable not only to cooperative settings with shared rewards, but also individualized reward settings, including adversarial settings, as well as settings that do not provide global states, and it makes no assumptions about the action spaces of the agents. As such, it is flexible enough to be applied to most multi-agent learning problems.
Porous Silicon Waveguides for Small Molecule Detection (2009)

A porous silicon resonant waveguide biosensor is demonstrated for the selective detection of DNA and other small molecules. Due to the large surface area of porous silicon and the enhanced interaction of target molecules with the electric field in the waveguide, porous silicon waveguides serve as the basis for efficient biosensing devices. In contrast to traditional evanescent wave sensors for which biomolecules are exposed to an exponentially decaying field, in the porous silicon waveguide sensor, biomolecules are infiltrated directly into the core of the waveguide where the electric field is most strongly concentrated. Experimental demonstrations of the selective detection of complimentary DNA oligos, with negligible response for both non-complementary DNA and buffer controls, have been performed.
Humoral immune response within the lung in HIV-1 infection (1997)

In order to study the humoral immune defences in the respiratory tract during HIV-1 infection, we measured the levels, local productions and anti-HIV and antibacterial activities of IgG and IgA in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of 61 adult patients with severe HIV infection and of 56 HIV- controls. Albumin was used as the serum transudation factor. The increase of immunoglobulin levels in the serum of HIV-infected patients was confirmed. The IgG level was also increased in epithelial lining fluid (ELF), whereas the total IgA level was unchanged and secretory IgA (SIgA) level was decreased. The ELF/serum immunoglobulin ratios suggested that the IgG present in ELF resulted mainly from transudation, in contrast to SIgA, which was synthesized locally in controls but greatly diminished in HIV-infected patients. IgG to HIV-1 could be detected in BALF of all the patients, but IgA to HIV-1 only in 30% of patients. BAL IgG reacted more consistently and with a broader array of HIV-1 antigens than did IgA. BAL IgA, when present in samples, reacted primarily with viral envelope antigens. Because IgA specificities to some HIV-1 antigens were detected more intensively by BAL than by serum immunoglobulins, we conclude that the mucosal immune response is distinct from that in serum. IgG antibody activity to Streptococcus pneumoniae was decreased in HIV-infected patients' sera, and IgA antibody activities to S. pneumoniae and to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were decreased in ELF in HIV-infected patients.
High-Resolution Quantum Sensing with Shaped Control Pulses (2017)

We investigate the application of amplitude-shaped control pulses for enhancing the time and frequency resolution of multipulse quantum sensing sequences. Using the electronic spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond and up to 10 000 coherent microwave pulses with a cosine square envelope, we demonstrate 0.6-ps timing resolution for the interpulse delay. This represents a refinement by over 3 orders of magnitude compared to the 2-ns hardware sampling. We apply the method for the detection of external ac magnetic fields and nuclear magnetic resonance signals of ^{13}C spins with high spectral resolution. Our method is simple to implement and especially useful for quantum applications that require fast phase gates, many control pulses, and high fidelity.
Laser Photoradiation in Urologic Surgery (1984)

No AccessJournal of UrologyReview Article1 Apr 1984Laser Photoradiation in Urologic Surgery Joseph A. Smith, and John A. Dixon Joseph A. SmithJoseph A. Smith More articles by this author , and John A. DixonJohn A. Dixon More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)50554-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByRoth R and Aretz H (2018) Transurethral Ultrasound-Guided Laser-Induced Prostatectomy (Tulip Procedure): A Canine Prostate Feasibility StudyJournal of Urology, VOL. 146, NO. 4, (1128-1135), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1991.Stillwell T, Patterson D, Rife C and Farrow G (2018) Neodymium:YAG Laser Treatment of Cystitis GlandularisJournal of Urology, VOL. 139, NO. 6, (1298-1299), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1988.Smith J (2018) Treatment of Invasive Bladder Cancer with a Neodymium: Yag LaserJournal of Urology, VOL. 135, NO. 1, (55-57), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1986. Volume 131Issue 4April 1984Page: 631-635 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Joseph A. Smith More articles by this author John A. Dixon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Pressure Effect on the Formation of Ferroelectric SrBi<sub>2</sub>Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub> Thin Films (2000)

It has been found that the formation of a ferroelectric phase for the SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) thin films derived from sol–gel solution is dependent on the oxygen pressure during the heat-treatment process. Under an elevated oxygen pressure as high as 30 atm, the heat-treatment temperature inducing the ferroelectric SBT phase can be lowered to 650°C. Those films processed at 650°C present satisfactory ferroelectric properties, that is, the remanent polarization ( P r ) is 5.0 µC/cm 2 , and the coercive field ( E c ) is 43 kV/cm with 5 V application.
<title>GPS-aided retrotraverse for unmanned ground vehicles</title> (1996)

A computer controlled HMMWV automatically retraces a previously recorded path using navigation data, a process we have termed retrotraverse. A Kalman filter combines the output of two navigation systems, an inertial dead reckoning systems and a differential GPS both with and without carrier phase detection. During retrotraverse, the mobility controller uses a velocity controller and pure pursuit steering. Obstacles such as another vehicle can be detected with a laser range imaging device.
Low Cost Test Vector Compression/Decompression Scheme for Circuits with a Reconfigurable Serial Multiplier (2005)

Many chip designs contain one or more serial multipliers. A scheme is proposed to exploit this to compress the amount of data that needs to be stored on the tester and transferred to the CUT during manufacturing test. The test vectors are stored on the tester in a compressed format by expressing each test vector as a product of two numbers. While performing multiplication on these stored seeds in the Galois field modulo 2, GF(2), the multiplier states (i.e. the partial products) are tapped to reproduce the test vectors and fill the scan chains. In contrast with other test vector decompression schemes that add significant test specific hardware to the chip, the proposed scheme reduces hardware overhead by making use of existing functional circuitry. Experimental results demonstrate that a high encoding efficiency can be achieved using the proposed scheme.
<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Antitumor Activity of a Novel Alkylating Agent, Melphalan-Flufenamide, against Multiple Myeloma Cells (2013)

Our preclinical study supports clinical evaluation of mel-flufen to enhance therapeutic potential of melphalan, overcome drug-resistance, and improve multiple myeloma patient outcome.
Screening Multicomponent Reactions for X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis-Baculoviral Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Repeats Domain Binder (2011)

We report a second example of a general reaction screening approach to discover low molecular weight inhibitors of protein protein interactions. On the basis of the known pharmacophore model of SMAC mimetics, we predicted several inhibitors based on four different multicomponent reactions. The predicted inhibitors were subsequently synthesized, tested, and found to bind to the antiapoptotic protein X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and showed cellular activity. Also the compounds are currently not highly potent. They could form a starting point for future medicinal chemistry optimization.