gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manganese(iii) meso-tetrakis(ortho-N-alkylpyridyl)porphyrins. Synthesis, characterization, and catalysis of O2˙− dismutation (2002)

A series of ortho isomers of meso-tetrakis(N-alkylpyridyl)porphyrins (alkyl being methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, and n-octyl) and their Mn(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, uv/vis spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and electrochemistry. An increase in the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains from 1 to 8 is accompanied by an increase in: (a) lipophilicity, as measured by the chromatographic retention factor, Rf; (b) metal-centered redox potential, E1/2 from +220 to +367 mV vs. NHE, and (c) proton dissociation constant, pKa2 from 10.9 to 13.2. A linear correlation was found between E1/2 and Rf of the Mn(III) porphyrins and between the pKa2 and Rf of the metal-free compounds. As the porphyrins become increasingly more lipophilic, the decrease in hydration disfavors the creation of charge, while enhancing the electron-withdrawing effect of the positively charged pyridyl nitrogen atoms. Consequently, E1/2 increases linearly with the increase in pKa2, a trend in porphyrin basicity opposite from the one we previously reported for other water-soluble Mn(III) porphyrins. All of these Mn(III) porphyrins are potent catalysts for superoxide dismutation (disproportionation). Despite the favorable increase of E1/2 with the increase in chain length, the catalytic rate constant decreases from methyl (log kcat = 7.79) to n-butyl, and then increases such that the n-octyl is as potent a SOD mimic as are the methyl and ethyl compounds. The observed behavior originates from an interplay of hydration and steric effects that modulate electronic effects.
Solution blow spinning: A new method to produce micro‐ and nanofibers from polymer solutions (2009)

Abstract A solution blow spinning technique was developed using elements of both electrospinning and melt blowing technologies as an alternative method for making non‐woven webs of micro‐ and nanofibers with diameters comparable with those made by the electrospinning process with the advantage of having a fiber production rate (measured by the polymer injection rate) several times higher. The diameters of fibers produced ranged from 40 nm for poly(lactic acid) to several micrometers for poly(methyl methacrylate). This solution blow spinning method uses a syringe pump to deliver a polymer solution to an apparatus consisting of concentric nozzles whereby the polymer solution is pumped through the inner nozzle while a constant, high velocity gas flow is sustained through the outer nozzle. Analysis of the process showed that pressure difference and shearing at the gas/solution interface jettisoned multiple strands of polymer solution towards a collector. During flight, the solvent component of the strands rapidly evaporates forming a web of micro and nanofibers. The effect of injection rate, gas flow pressure, polymer concentration, working distance, and protrusion distance of the inner nozzle was investigated. Polymer type and concentration had a greater effect on fiber diameter than the other parameters tested. Injection rate, gas flow pressure, and working distance affected fiber production rate and/or fiber morphology. Fibers were easily formed into yarns of micro‐ and nanofibers or non‐woven films that could be applied directly onto biological tissue or collected in sheets on a rotating drum. Indeed, virtually any type of target could be used for fiber collection. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Highly thermally conductive hexagonal boron nitride/alumina composite made from commercial hexagonal boron nitride (2016)

Abstract Hexagonal BN is an unusual material in that it is both highly thermally conductive as well as an electrical insulator. Additionally, hBN is also thermally stable in air. This unusual combination of properties makes hBN of significant interest for thermal management. Unfortunately, hBN is not easily consolidated into substrates without the addition of second phases which generally result in poorer thermal performance. This research investigates the potential to utilize this material to dissipate heat from high‐voltage, high‐power electrical devices. Specifically, a process to coat individual platelets of commercial hexagonal BN powder with a layer of amorphous aluminum oxide was developed. The coated hexagonal BN was then hot‐pressed to form a highly thermally conductive substrate. The process to coat hexagonal BN platelets with aluminum oxide was accomplished by mixing hexagonal BN with AlCl 3 containing some water, then evaporation of excess AlCl 3 to form a Al, Cl, and O layer on hexagonal BN . This product was then heated in air to convert the surface layer into aluminum oxide. Following hot pressing to 1950°C and 10 ksi, the consolidated composite has through‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivity of 14 and 157 W·(m·K) −1 , respectively, at room temperature.
Fluoroalkyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (F-POSS) Based Monomers and Polymers (2011)

Abstract : Fluorinated Polyhedral Oligomeric SilSesquioxanes (F-POSS), which contain silicon-oxygen cores and a periphery of long chain fluorinated alkyl groups, were functionalized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylate (A) to produce F-POSS monomers (F-POSS-MMA and F-POSS-A). Structures were confirmed with multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, and 29Si) and found to be soluble in non-fluorinated solvents such as diethyl ether.
Self-Routing Photonic Switching Demonstration With Optical Control (1987)

The self-routing of optical information through a photonic switch using optically processed control is reported. Routing decisions are made on a bit-by-bit basis. Destination information is encoded in each data bit using optical spread spectrum techniques. Switching of 3.125 Mbits/s data is experimentally demonstrated. Extension of this Technique to a self-routing N x N switch is discussed.
Compensating for oblique ear-probe insertions in ear-canal reflectance measurements (2019)

Measurements of the ear-canal reflectance using an ear probe require estimating the characteristic impedance of the ear canal in situ. However, an oblique insertion of the ear probe into a uniform waveguide prevents accurately estimating its characteristic impedance using existing time-domain methods. This is caused by the non-uniformity immediately in front of the ear probe when inserted at an oblique angle, resembling a short horn loading, and introduces errors into the ear-canal reflectance. This paper gives an overview of the influence of oblique ear-probe insertions and shows how they can be detected and quantified by estimating the characteristic impedance using multiple truncation frequencies, i.e., limiting the utilized frequency range. Additionally, a method is proposed to compensate for the effects on reflectance of an oblique ear-probe insertion into a uniform waveguide. The incident impedance of the horn loading is estimated, i.e., were the uniform waveguide anechoic, which replaces the characteristic impedance when calculating reflectance. The method can compensate for an oblique ear-probe insertion into a uniform occluded-ear simulator and decrease the dependency of reflectance on insertion depth in an ear canal. However, more research is required to further assess the method in ear canals.
Determination of rat β<sub>2</sub>‐microglobulin in urine and in serum. II. Application of its urinary measurement to selected nephrotoxicity models (1986)

beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) was measured in the urine of rats by a specific immunoassay based on latex particles agglutination. The excretion of this protein was compared to the excretion of the enzyme beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), albumin and amino acids in rats treated with either a single dose of sodium chromate (5 and 10 mg kg-1), repeated doses of gentamicin (5 and 20 mg kg-1), or cadmium (1 mg kg-1), and in aging rats (from 2 to 20 months). All treatments resulted in an early increased excretion of beta 2-m indicative of functional alterations of the proximal tubular cells. An increased NAG excretion was observed only at the highest dose of chromate and in the cadmium model but the relative increases of beta 2-m were much larger (up to 200 times the control values against four times the control values for NAG). From 2 to 20 months of age, urinary beta 2-m increases by a factor of four. Aminoacids excretion showed little sensitivity in the various models. Albumin showed little variations in purely tubular or in the tubular phase of renal injury but the chronic progressive nephrosis of aging rats caused a 40-fold increase in its excretion between 2 and 20 months of age. Therefore urinary beta 2-m, albumin and albumin/beta 2-m ratio provide useful tools in the assessment of nephrotoxicity and of its mechanisms in various experimental models.
Laser-based electro-optic testing of multichip module structures (1998)

Laser-based electro-optic probing is a proven noninvasive technique for testing high-speed microwave circuits on substrates such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP). We have extended this technique to probe circuit structures on doped and poled polyimide substrates that are useful in high-density packaging applications such as multichip modules (MCMs). Our results demonstrate the potential to improve the testability of MCMs by probing circuit structures that are buried in the central layers of an MCM. In addition to direct, point-by-point electric field measurements in representative MCM structures, we have investigated the poled polyimide dielectric efficacy both as a dielectric circuit layer and as a suitable electro-optic material.
Optically induced anisotropy in photochromic glasses (1979)

Optical anisotropy and color adaptation are induced in certain silver-halide photochromic glasses by optical bleaching with polarized visible light. These induced optical effects have been found to be reversible and present after thermal fading. An explanation of the induced effects is given in terms of preferential optical bleaching of anisotropically shaped silver specks on the halide microcrystal. A simple model is presented which predicts the correct order of magnitude of the induced dichroic effect.
<title>Fiber optic sensors for active acoustics control</title> (2002)

In this paper, analytical and experimental investigations conducted into the design and use of fiber-tip based Fabry-Perot sensors for control of structural acoustics are presented. Noise is transmitted into the enclosure through a flexible boundary, and the fiber-tip sensors are designed for acoustic pressure and air particle velocity measurements inside and outside the enclosure as well as panel acceleration measurements. The benefits of these sensors for realizing zero spillover control schemes and other schemes are discussed.
Engineered Alginate Microcapsules for Molecular Therapy Through Biologic Secreting Cells (2019)

Continuous delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) at low concentrations may be helpful in the management of several chronic, especially autoimmune diseases. A possible approach to employ mAbs therapy <i>in vivo</i>, in the absence of <i>in vitro</i> manipulations, could be graft of microcapsules containing mAb-secreting hybridoma cells (HY). Sodium alginate (AG) is a polymeric saccharide that permits simple fabrication of microcapsules that are biocompatible and prevent immune recognition of encapsulated cells, upon graft, by the host's immune system. However, at present, AG-based microcapsules are usually impermeable to large molecules. The aim of this study was to engineer the membrane of AG-based microcapsules, to make it permeable to larger molecular weight classes of mAbs. To this end, we have prepared a new AG-based membrane, using standard reagents already in use, but following different coating procedures and molar ratios. In particular, we fabricated a new capsular membrane permeable to IgM synthesized by the HY cell line, G3C. Morphologic structural and ultrastructural analysis of the new membranes before and after intraperitoneal transplant, in conjunction with IgM outflow secretory kinetics underwent both, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assessments. While allowing immunoprotection of the enveloped HY, as demonstrated by the absence of any inflammatory response, the microcapsules permitted G3c mAb egress, on a regulated delivery kinetics. HY viability persisted, upon transplant, for long time periods. In summary, the new AG-based microcapsules allow delivery of big molecules out of the capsules, while protecting the enveloped HY from the host's immune system. These microcapsules could apply to implant cells producing fully active large molecules without the need of time- and cost expensive procedures to purify them.
Hardware architecture for lowering the error floor of LTE turbo codes (2016)

Turbo codes are well known error-correcting codes used in many communication standards. However, they suffer from error floors. Recently, a method - denoted as the flip and check algorithm - that lowers the error floor of turbo codes was proposed. This method relies on the identification of the least reliable bits during the turbo decoding process. Gains of about one order of magnitude were reached in terms of error rate performance. In this article, the first hardware implementation of the method is presented. The feasibility and hardware complexity are addressed by studying the impact of the algorithmic parameters of the technique. Synthesis results for FPGA implementations are reported and compared to turbo decoders implementations.
Remote activation of ICs for piracy prevention and digital right management (2007)

We introduce a remote activation scheme that aims to protect integrated circuits (IC) intellectual property (IP) against piracy. Remote activation enables designers to lock each working IC and to then remotely enable it. The new method exploits inherent unclonable variability in modern manufacturing for unique identification (ID) and integrate the IDs into the circuit functionality. The objectives are realized by replication of a few states of the finite state machine (FSM) and adding control to the state transitions. On each chip, the added control signals are a function of the unique IDs and are thus unclonable. On standard benchmark circuits, the experimental results show that the novel activation method is stable, unclonable, attack-resilient, while having a low overhead and a unique key for each IC.
Broadband Depth Imaging from Separated Wavefields (2012)

The depth imaging of conventional marine seismic data is affected by the source and receiver ghosts. Dual-sensor towed streamer data has recently been used to improve the depth image resolution by using receiver-side separated wavefields. In this work we show how the depth image resolution can be further improved by using dual-sensor streamer data from multiple simultaneous sources of a specific depth distribution. This approach effectively removes the source and receiver ghosts from the depth image. We introduce the depth imaging approach based on a simple model and validate it by processing a field data example from the Norwegian Sea.
Optimum Signal Constellation Design and Mapping Rule for Few-Mode Fiber based LDPC-Coded CO-OFDM (2013)

We propose an OSCD-based LDPC-coded mode-multiplexed CO-OFDM system as multi-Tb/s enabling technology, and demonstrate that 16-OSCD with optimized mapping rule outperforms the 16-QAM by 0.9dB over 1000km of few-mode fiber in strong coupling regime.
Atmospheric and ionospheric coupling phenomena related to large earthquakes (2016)

Abstract. This paper explores multi-instrument space-borne observations in order to validate physical concepts of Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) in relation to major seismic events. In this study we apply already validated observation to identify atmospheric and ionospheric precursors associated with some of recent most destructive earthquakes: M8.6 of March 25, 2005 and M8.5 September 15, 2007 in Sumatra, and M7.9 May 12, 2008 in Wenchuan, China. New investigations are also presented concerning these three earthquakes and for the M7.3 March 2008 in the Xinjiang-Xizang border region, China (the Yutian earthquake). It concerns the ionospheric density, the Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) of the Total Electron Content (TEC), the Thermal Infra-Red (TIR) anomalies, and the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data. It is shown that all these anomalies are identified as short-term precursors, which can be explained by the LAIC concept proposed by Pulinets and Ouzounov (2011).
Coded modulation schemes with turbo and list detection for high-order partial response channels (2001)

Structured Set Partition (SSP) of PR channel output words was proved to be a useful tool to increase linear densities when combined with multilevel concatenated coding. In this paper, we describe a method for constructing SSP's with good spectra of minimum Euclidean distances using multiple embedded linear subspaces and their cosets. Examples of some simple SSP precoders are provided. Bit-error-rate (BER) performances of various partial responses and multilevel modulation schemes are compared using bit-by-bit simulations. Partial responses are defined by the classical and modified target polynomials, while multilevel modulation schemes include (1) an SSP, (2) a set of conventional block codes with different error correcting capabilities, and (3) a variety of iterative decoders such as the List Trellis Decoder (LTD), the BCJR algorithm, and soft decoders for low-density parity check codes. Simulation results show that the ME/sup 2/PR4 channel with two iterations of LTD using only two paths in the list gives gains of 3.3 dB and 3.8 dB at BER 10/sup -6/ compared to the 16/17 (0,6/6) coded E/sup 2/PR4 channel for linear densities 2.5 and 3.0, respectively. The LTD scheme does not use soft decisions or additional distance-enhancing constraints, like d=1, maximum-transition-run (MTR), or quasi-MTR codes. An additional coding gain of 0.5-1.0 dB can be achieved by combining the BCJR algorithm (instead of LTD) with the soft decoding of low density parity check codes.
Semi-automatic object geometry estimation for image personalization (2010)

Digital printing brings about a host of benefits, one of which is the ability to create short runs of variable, customized content. One form of customization that is receiving much attention lately is in photofinishing applications, whereby personalized calendars, greeting cards, and photo books are created by inserting text strings into images. It is particularly interesting to estimate the underlying geometry of the surface and incorporate the text into the image content in an intelligent and natural way. Current solutions either allow fixed text insertion schemes into preprocessed images, or provide manual text insertion tools that are time consuming and aimed only at the high-end graphic designer. It would thus be desirable to provide some level of automation in the image personalization process. We propose a semi-automatic image personalization workflow which includes two scenarios: text insertion and text replacement. In both scenarios, the underlying surfaces are assumed to be planar. A 3-D pinhole camera model is used for rendering text, whose parameters are estimated by analyzing existing structures in the image. Techniques in image processing and computer vison such as the Hough transform, the bilateral filter, and connected component analysis are combined, along with necessary user inputs. In particular, the semi-automatic workflow is implemented as an image personalization tool, which is presented in our companion paper.1 Experimental results including personalized images for both scenarios are shown, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.
Lack of linkage disequilibrium between serotonin transporter protein gene (SLC6A4) and bipolar disorder (2000)

The serotonin transporter (5HTT) gene appears to be of particular interest as 5HTT is the selective site of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that successfully treat bipolar depression (BP). The 5HTT gene is located on chromosome 17q11.1-q12 and has a 44 bp deletion/insertion functional polymorphism in the promoter region (SLC6A4). Results from association studies on SLC6A4 and BP disorder are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to investigate for the presence of linkage disequilibrium between SLC6A4 and BP disorder. One hundred thirty-three Bipolar I or Bipolar II probands with their living parents were recruited. Diagnoses were assessed by the structured interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition [DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association, 1994] (SCID-I). Genotyping was performed with standard procedures and data were analyzed using the Transmission Disequilibrium Test [TDT, Spielman et al., 1993: Am J Hum Genet 52: 506-516]. One hundred two triads were informative for the analysis. Each of the two alleles of the SLC6A4 was transmitted at the same rate to bipolar probands (chi(2) = 0.692, df = 1, P = NS). Thus, it appears unlikely that the SLC6A4 plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of BP disorder. However, further studies focusing on the role of the 5HTT gene in predicting the response to SSRIs in BP patients might be worthwhile.
Foam Processing with Rigid Polyvinylchloride (1989)

Abstract Rheological and processing studies have been performed on the extrusion of neat and expandable polyvinylchloride (PVC) compounds. Processing additives greatly change both rheological and physical properties. In the normal PVC processing temperature range, the neat compound exhibits very small values of power-law index, which increase with temperature. The usual usage level of dioctylphthalate (DOP), a plasticizer, and Acryloid K-125, a processing aid based on polymethylmethacrylate, increases the power-law index, whereas BTA, an impact modifier based on terpolymer of methylmethacrylate-butadiene-styrene, decreases it. DOP normally decreases viscosity and first normal stress difference. On the other hand, Acryloid K-125 and BTA increase them. Plotting first normal stress difference against shear stress, however, eliminates the effect of DOP and BTA level. Inclusion of a blowing agent increases the powerlaw index, and produces a substantial reduction in viscosity. At high shear rates, all the viscosity data of the expandable PVC compounds fall onto the single viscosity curve of the neat PVC compound. Two blowing agents, azodicarbonamide (ADCA) and sodium bicarbonate (SBC), yield similar reduction of the torque on a screw, but ADCA brings about much larger viscosity reduction than SBC. Further, ADCA shows more rapid bubble expansion rate on leaving the die exit and produces more uniform cells. On the other hand, SBC requires induction time for bubble expansion after leaving the die exit and gives a wider cell size distribution. Particularly in the foaming process with SBC, skin formation is considerably promoted by incorporating small quantities of DOP along with BTA, suggesting a strong potential for manufacturing rigid PVC structural foams with thicker skins by a single extrusion process.
THE PHASEGUIDE PARADIGM: PRIMING AND EMPTYING OF MONOLITHIC POLYMER CHIPS (2011)

Phaseguide technology gives complete control over olling and emptying of any type of micro ?uidic structures, independent of the chamber and channel geometry. The technique is based on a step-wise advancement of the liquid–air interface over passive capillary pressure barriers, typically in the form of ridges in the channels or chambers. The fluid will align itself to a phaseguide and completely fill the deligned area before jumping over to the next area. Phaseguides control fluid flow for complete filling and emptying of glass-hybrid or monolithic polymer chips.