gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Organophosphate Ethanolysis: Degradation of Phosphonothioate Neurotoxin by a Supported Molybdenum Peroxo Polymer (2017)

A polystyrene-supported molybdenum peroxo material [Mo-Y(s)] was applied toward the oxidative degradation of the organophosphate neurotoxin O,S-diethylphenyl phosphonothioate (1) through ethanolysis. In addition to the operational advantages of the heterogeneous reactivity, oxidative ethanolysis with a 10-fold excess of hydrogen peroxide yields only P-S bond scission to produce diethylphenyl phosphonate and ethyl sulfate. This is the first report of a molybdenum solid support that promotes the degradation of sulfur-containing organophosphate with the turnover benefits of heterogeneous catalysis. The activation parameters of 1 ethanolysis by Mo-Y(s) (E<sub>a</sub> = 57 ± 6 kJ/mol and ΔS<sup>⧧</sup> = -124 ± 21 J/mol·K) and by the model compound oxodiperoxo(pyridine-2-carboxylato)molybdate(VI) bis(pyridine-2-carboxylic acid) monohydrate (3; E<sub>a</sub> = 55 ± 5 kJ/mol and ΔS<sup>⧧</sup> = -154 ± 15 J/mol·K) are almost identical for the oxidation of thioanisole by 3. This suggests that the rate-determining step for 1 ethanolysis is sulfur oxidation to form an intermediate phosphonothioate S-oxide, which subsequently undergoes nucleophilic attack by the ethanol solvent to form diethylphenyl phosphonate and ethyl sulfate. Evidence for the formation of this S-oxide intermediate and the postulated ethanolysis mechanism is provided.
Desensitizing plant EPSP synthase to glyphosate: Optimized global sequence context accommodates a glycine-to-alanine change in the active site (2018)

5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyvinyl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to shikimate-3-phosphate and in plants is the target of the herbicide glyphosate. EPSPSs with high catalytic efficiency and insensitivity to glyphosate are of microbial origin, including the enzyme from <i>Agrobacterium</i> strain CP4, in which insensitivity is conferred by an active site alanine. In the sequence context of plant EPSPSs, alanine in place of glycine at the equivalent position interferes with the binding of both glyphosate and PEP. We show here that iterative optimization of maize EPSPS containing the G101A substitution yielded variants on par with CP4 in terms of catalytic activity in the presence of glyphosate. The improvement relative to G101A alone was entirely due to reduction in <i>K<sub>m</sub></i> for PEP from 333 to 18 μm, <i>versus</i> 9.5 μm for native maize EPSPS. A large portion of the reduction in <i>K<sub>m</sub></i> was conferred by two down-sizing substitutions (L97C and V332A) within 8 Å of glyphosate, which together reduced <i>K<sub>m</sub></i> for PEP to 43 μm Although the original optimization was conducted with maize EPSPS, contextually homologous substitutions conferred similar properties to the EPSPSs of other crops. We also discovered a variant having the known glyphosate-desensitizing substitution P106L plus three additional ones that reduced the <i>K<sub>m</sub></i> for PEP from 47 μm, observed with P106L alone, to 10.3 μm The improvements obtained with both Ala<sup>101</sup> and Leu<sup>106</sup> have implications regarding glyphosate-tolerant crops and weeds.
GraPS (2015)

Pub/sub is an elegant paradigm for disseminating information efficiently and anonymously among producers (publishers) and consumers (subscribers). However, with current topic and content-based pub/sub approaches it is difficult to formulate subscriptions that adequately and accurately express the interest of the consumers in a semantic information domain. In this paper we introduce GraPS, a pub/sub middleware that provides a publication model based on graphs. Points of interest in the information domain are mapped to nodes, and relationships between points of interest are mapped to edges. Consumers can effectively express their interest in publications by means of graph subscriptions that exploit the properties of nodes and the semantics of the edge relationships. Graph subscriptions do not require complete knowledge of the graph and can be updated whenever the consumer's interest changes. Furthermore, graph subscriptions are automatically updated whenever the information domain changes. We illustrate GraPS by means of three application scenarios and present a set of experiments with an implementation of GraPS based on standard pub/sub middleware.
Personalized Expertise Search at LinkedIn (2016)

LinkedIn is the largest professional network with more than 350 million members. As the member base increases, searching for experts becomes more and more challenging. In this paper, we propose an approach to address the problem of personalized expertise search on LinkedIn, particularly for exploratory search queries containing {\it skills}. In the offline phase, we introduce a collaborative filtering approach based on matrix factorization. Our approach estimates expertise scores for both the skills that members list on their profiles as well as the skills they are likely to have but do not explicitly list. In the online phase (at query time) we use expertise scores on these skills as a feature in combination with other features to rank the results. To learn the personalized ranking function, we propose a heuristic to extract training data from search logs while handling position and sample selection biases. We tested our models on two products - LinkedIn homepage and LinkedIn recruiter. A/B tests showed significant improvements in click through rates - 31% for CTR@1 for recruiter (18% for homepage) as well as downstream messages sent from search - 37% for recruiter (20% for homepage). As of writing this paper, these models serve nearly all live traffic for skills search on LinkedIn homepage as well as LinkedIn recruiter.
Flow Induced Dispersion Analysis Quantifies Noncovalent Interactions in Nanoliter Samples (2010)

Flow Induced Dispersion Analysis (FIDA) is presented as a new approach to characterize noncovalent interactions. The new method only requires nanoliter samples, is easy to implement, and also provides diffusivities of the free analyte and the formed complex. The technique is based on signal analysis of temporal variances obtained for pressure driven flows in micrometer sized fused silica capillaries.
A New Model for Predicting Wormhole Structure and Formation in Acid Stimulation of Carbonates (2004)

Abstract We present a new averaged model for describing wormhole formation in carbonates. The model presented here captures the reaction and transport mechanisms at the pore scale and couples it to the Darcy scale through the use of two concentration variables, structure property correlations and mass transfer and dispersion coefficients. A salient feature of the model is that it captures both the reaction and mass transfer controlled regimes simultaneously, thus enabling the study of a wide range of stimulation fluids. Three important dimensionless parameters are identified in the model, namely, the Thiele modulus (pore scale parameter), Damköhler number (core scale parameter) and the acid capacity number that depends on the fluid/mineral system. Comparison of model predictions to experimental data shows good agreement. A preliminary analysis is presented on the factors that influence wormhole density.
Linear Beamforming with One-Way Cooperation for MISO Interference Channels (2013)

This paper considers transmitter one-way cooperation in an interference network. That is, backhaul connecting between transmitters is one way so that one transmitter, called helpee, provides data/channel information to the other transmitter, called helper, but not vice versa. Thanks to the one-way cooperative link, the helper can transmit data not only to its own receiver but also to the helpee's receiver, while the helpee transmits data only to its own receiver. Under the assumption of single-user detection in MISO interference channels, we investigate the efficacy of the one- way cooperation with linear beamforming and develop practical beamforming strategies. We observe that the one-way cooperative beamforming is cost- effective in that the performance of two-way cooperation is not proportionally better than that of one-way cooperation. Furthermore, we propose beamforming policies for the helpee and the helper, which perform quite close to the optimal for some circumstances and are capable of being practically implemented.
Close Linkage Between the<i>Cf-2/Cf-5</i>and<i>Mi</i>Resistance Loci in Tomato (1993)

Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tomato plants segregating for resistance to the fungus Cladosporium fulvum was used to localize the resistance genes Cf-2 and Cf-5 to the same region of chromosome 6. This region, between GP79 and Aps-1, is the same as that reported for the Mi gene, which confers resistance to root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.). Recombination values based on F2 populations from crosses between near-isogenic lines of L. esculentum 'Moneymaker' carrying Cf-2 or Cf-5 and Lycopersicon pennellii, indicate that this region occupies 4-5 centiMorgans (cM). However, in F2 populations from crosses between the L. esculentum stock LA1190 carrying yv and these lines, this value is 1-2 cM. The Cf-2 gene, introduced into L. esculentum from L. pimpinellifolium, is on an introgressed segment that extends from a point distal to GP79 to a point between TG232 and H2D1. The origin of Cf-5 was found to be L. esculentum var. cerasiforme rather than L. pimpinellifolium as previously reported. No RFLP markers and only one RAPD marker showed a polymorphism between Moneymaker and the near-isogenic line carrying Cf-5.
Molecular Tips for “Intermolecular Tunneling Microscopy” (2007)

We describe herein the concept, principle, and experimental results of molecular tips for chemically selective scanning tunneling microscopy. It has been shown that molecular tips allow chemically selective imaging to recognize particular functional groups or chemical species on the basis of the hydrogen bond, metal coordination, and charge-transfer interactions between the sample and tip molecules. The selectivity can be tailored upon designing functional groups of the tip molecules. Furthermore, the molecular tips were successfully applied to differentiate nucleobases. This technique may be coined "intermolecular tunneling microscopy" from its principle, and is of general significance for novel molecular imaging of chemical identities on membrane and solid surfaces.
Platelet Tau Pattern Correlates with Cognitive Status in Alzheimer's Disease (2012)

Platelets are major reservoirs of circulating amyloid-β and amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and have been postulated as a reliable source for biological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have recently demonstrated that tau is also present in platelets, and that there are differences in the electrophoretic patterns of platelet tau forms in AD subjects with respect to controls. Here, we demonstrate that modifications in platelet tau forms occur independently of age in a broad population of 104 neurologically healthy individuals. More interesting, a strong correlation of platelet markers with the degree of cognitive impairment was evidenced in a group of 47 AD patients in comparison with 19 cognitive healthy subjects. In our series, platelet tau forms ratio had a sensitivity of 75.7% and specificity of 73.7%, respectively. We also found that platelet tau displays a significantly higher correlation with the presence of AD than the analyses of platelet AβPP.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>—LiMnPO<sub>4</sub> Composite Cathode Material for Lithium‐ion Batteries. (2013)

Abstract Carbon coated title composite cathodes for lithium ion batteries are mechanochemically prepared from mixtures of Mn 2 V 2 O 7 , Li 2 CO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 PO 4 , and sucrose, followed by firing at 800 °C for 10 h in a flowing 5% H 2 /Ar gas stream.
Bioimaterials: “Tissue Papers” from Organ‐Specific Decellularized Extracellular Matrices (Adv. Funct. Mater. 34/2017) (2017)

In article number 1700992, Ramille N. Shah and co-workers investigate “Tissue Papers” (TPs) created directly from decellularized bovine and porcine tissues and organs. The researchers create a series of topographical maps illustrating the collagen distribution and surface profiles for six different tissues. Top row from left to right: Cardiac TP, Kidney TP, Liver TP. Bottom row from left to right: Muscle TP, Ovary TP, Uterus TP.
Identification of RFID Tags in Framed-Slotted ALOHA with Robust Estimation and Binary Selection (2007)

In RFID systems, tag collision resolution is significantly important for fast tag identification. In this letter, we propose an accurate and robust tag estimation method and an effective tag anti-collision protocol. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed estimation and anti-collision algorithm consumes 10-15% less time slots than the binary tree protocol and dynamic framed slotted ALOHA (DFSA). The proposed algorithm has also tolerance to the inaccuracy of tag estimation
Fabrication of a monolithic microdischarge-based pressure sensor for harsh environments (2014)

This paper presents a 6-mask monolithic fabrication process for a pressure sensor that uses a differential microdischarge signal to sense diaphragm deflection. Microdischarge-based transduction is potentially advantageous for device miniaturization and harsh environments because of inherently large signals and immunity to temperature. This work reports a monolithic fabrication process that successfully addresses a number of challenges for microdischarge-based pressure sensors, such as three-dimensional (3D) electrical connection by electroplating laser-drilled through-glass vias (TGVs), and backside terminals for appropriate packages. The device has an exterior volume of 585×540×200 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (0.05 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ). Preliminary results show an estimated average sensitivity equivalent to 9,800 ppm/MPa over 0–40 MPa pressure range.
Positron storage in micro-traps with long aspect ratio: results of computer simulations (2011)

A feasibility study of a non–conventional Penning-Malmberg trap is presented. The study is based on simulations performed by the WARP code. [1,2] Comparisons with previous simulations done with the Charged Particle Optics (CPO) programs [3] are presented under homogeneous magnetic field conditions; however, real B fields do not have a significant effect.. The analysis has been carried out on micro-traps of radii ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers and length of 126 mm. Different configurations of the applied electric fields have been considered and an axial uniform magnetic field of 7 T was used in most of the simulations. For the final device, the microtraps should be combined into a multiple parallel tube array. Results from the simulations with the WARP and CPO codes indicate that decreasing the microtrap radius allows an increase in the total number of positrons per macrotrap. This is due to the increased number of micro-tubes when reducing the beam radius.
Robust bifunctional aluminium–salen catalysts for the preparation of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides (2015)

Two new one-component aluminium-based catalysts for the reaction between epoxides and carbon dioxide have been prepared. The catalysts are composed of aluminium-salen chloride complexes with trialkylammonium groups directly attached to the aromatic rings of the salen ligand. With terminal epoxides, the catalysts induced the formation of cyclic carbonates under mild reaction conditions (25-35 °C; 1-10 bar carbon dioxide pressure). However, with cyclohexene oxide under the same reaction conditions, the same catalysts induced the formation of polycarbonate. The catalysts could be recovered from the reaction mixture and reused.
NOREM wear-resistant, iron-based hard-facing alloys: Final report (1989)

Wear-resistance cobalt-free hardfacing alloys are needed to replace the cobalt-base alloys used to hardface nuclear valves in order to reduce the exposure of maintenance personnel. Some thirty heats of cast iron-base alloys were prepared and characterized. Selected heats were prepared and applied as hardfacing overlays on austenitic steel substrates using both GTA and PTA welding processes. Some of the iron-base alloys exhibited galling wear resistance as high as that of cobalt-base standards both in the cast condition and in the PTA overlays. Hardness, mechanical properties, and galling wear resistance were determined on weld overlays and on cast alloys. Dilution and thermal expansivity were determined for weld overlays. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the alloys' microstructures. Other commercially available alloys were tested for galling wear resistance and compared to iron-base alloys. 7 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Intercity quantum networking without repeaters(Conference Presentation) (2016)

It has long been known that quantum networks will enable a whole new range of communication tasks to be undertaken. The simplest is quantum key distribution (QKD) and are commercially available but currently only operate securely over distances around 100 km. A significant advance has been the development of mdiQKD, a scheme where Alice and Bob send one photon at a time to an intermediate node where a Bell measurement is performed. This Bell measurement can only succeed when both Alice and Bob photons arrive at the same time and so the key rate is limited by the exponential losses in both fibres. It limits the practical distance keys can be generated to less than 400km. Spatial or temporal multiplexing is a natural solution to this where one stores the photons that independently arrive from Alice and Bob. Only when the immediate node has both does it perform the Bell measurement. This means we are effectively only limited by fibres losses in one half of the channel. It however means one requires quantum memories at this immediate node, a technically challenging feat and one that changes the general resources used in QKD schemes. In our spatial multiplexed approach, we propose the use of an “all photonic non-destructive measurement (QND)” to herald whether the photon has arrived successfully from either Alice or Bob. Optical switches can them be used to route these photons to the Bell measurement, meaning that we are only limited by the channel loss between either Alice and the immediate node or Bob and the intermediate node, but not both. Further this can achieved without the use of quantum memories at all. Only optical switches, single-photon sources, photon detectors, and passive feed-forward techniques are required. Our approach can be applied naturally to entanglement distribution and so has applications beyond QKD.
Photoconductive terahertz antenna with radial symmetry (2005)

The use of coaxial waveguides with terahertz pulses is hindered by the difficulty in exciting the radially polarized fundamental mode. We propose a radially symmetric terahertz antenna and present simulations predicting the generation of a radially polarized beam.
Control of Plasma Nitric Oxide Bioactivity by Perfluorocarbons (2004)

The present study reveals a physiologically significant pool of endogenous plasma NO and underscores the crucial role of the circulating hydrophobic phase in modulating its bioactivity. The results also establish PFC as a conceptually new pharmacological tool for various cardiovascular complications associated with NO imbalance.
Absorption holograms made with mode-stabilized laser diodes for use in a satellite communications link (1987)

An experimental technique is presented for constructing absorption holograms in IR-sensitive material with mode-stabilized laser diodes. The combination of an extremely sensitive recording medium and high power available from the diode is exploited to permit minimum exposure times. This prevents the inherent modal instability of the laser diode from becoming a problem while the interference pattern is recorded. Diffraction efficiencies into the first order were measured to be greater than 14% for small construction angles, indicating some phase effects. These absorption holograms will be used as the first step in a two-step process to produce holographic optical elements for use with laser diodes in a satellite communications link.
High Gain and Low Cost Differentially Fed Circularly Polarized Planar Aperture Antenna for Broadband Millimeter-Wave Applications (2015)

This paper presents a novel circularly polarized (CP) planar aperture antenna for cost-sensitive millimeter-wave, particularly fifth generation (5G), applications. The proposed antenna, which is a differential one, has high gain and wide bandwidth and can be built on a single-layer laminate using standard printed-circuit board (PCB) technology. This makes the antenna both low cost and easy to integrate with common differential circuits. The antenna consists of an opening cavity formed by metalized vias, which encloses a set of loop-like strips that are fed differentially. The strips carry traveling wave current which together with the aperture's E-fields distribution give rise to CP radiation. The aperture size of the antenna can be extended for higher gain by adopting a dual- or quadruple-loop-like strips configuration enclosed by a larger opening cavity. The fabricated quadruple-loop-like strips-based antenna prototype designed to operate at 60-GHz band could achieve 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 16.7% (56-66.2 GHz) within its -10-dB impedance bandwidth and stable right-handed CP (RHCP) gain throughout the operating bandwidth with a peak of 14.6 dBi.
A Polystyrene-Water Calorimeter (1983)

The paper describes a new type of calorimeter that can be quickly put into operation for determining absorbed dose at a point in polystyrene. It also describes a unique method of decreasing drifts in electrical signals caused by temperature gradients. Two calibrated thermistors were placed close together between sandwiched polystyrene discs that were immersed in water. The assembly was irradiated with gamma rays from a cobalt-60 source. The dose rate was about 14 mGy/s and exposure times were about 100 s. The standard deviation for a daily set of measurements was about 0.7%. A zero heat defect for polystyrene was assumed. A calculation converted the measurements to absorbed dose in water. The dose in water determined in this way, and with a graphite calorimeter, is 3-4% lower than that measured in an all-water calorimeter previously reported. Drifts in electrical signals are eliminated by a resistance-capacitance circuit placed across a Wheatstone bridge. The rate of potential change across the bridge (caused by the circuit) is adjusted to have an opposite effect to the drifts in electrical signals produced by temperature gradients within the calorimeter. The method can be applied to other calorimeters.
Supplementary material from Analysis of ROR1 Protein Expression in Human Cancer and Normal Tissues (2023)

<p>Supplementary Figure 1: IHC staining using previously published ROR1 antibodies on control and ROR1 transfected K562 cells, CLL and MCL lymph nodes and tonsil tissue. Supplementary Figure 2: Development of mAb 6D4 Supplementary Figure 3: Representative images of IHC scoring of ROR1+ tumors. Supplementary Figure 4: ROR1 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas using mAb 6D4. Supplementary Figure 5: ROR1 staining in absent in normal human cerebrum, cerebellum, heart, lung, spleen and liver. Scale bar represents 100μm. Supplementary Figure 6: Immunoblot validation of ROR1 expression in normal tissues. Supplementary Figure 7: Transcript expression of Ror1 variant 1 in CLL PBMC, differentiated adipocytes and normal human gastrointestinal tissues.</p>