gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cylindrical compound refractive x-ray lenses using plastic substrates (1999)

We have measured the intensity profile of x rays focused by compound refractive lenses (CRLs) fabricated using acrylic (Lucite) and polyethylene plastics. A linear array of closely spaced holes acts as multiple cylindrical lenses. The important parameters for this type of focusing are the focal length and absorption, and, for wavelengths shorter than 3 Å, low atomic number plastics are suitable. We have experimentally demonstrated that we can achieve one-dimensional focusing for photon energies between 9 and 19.5 keV with focal lengths between 20 and 100 cm. For example, using 12 keV x rays we have achieved focal full width at half maximum linewidths down to 21 μm at a distance of only 20 cm from the CRL. The x-ray source was a synchrotron emitter whose source size in the vertical dimension was 445 μm.
Plan recognition as planning revisited (2016)

Recent work on plan recognition as planning has shown great promise in the use of a domain theory and general planning algorithms for the plan recognition problem. In this paper, we propose to extend previous work to (1) address observations over fluents, (2) better address unreliable observations (i.e., noisy or missing observations), and (3) recognize plans in addition to goals. To this end, we introduce a relaxation of the plan-recognition-as-planning formulation that allows unreliable observations. That is, in addition to the original costs of the plan, we define two objectives that account for missing and noisy observations, and optimize for a linear combination of all objectives. We approximate the posterior probabilities of generated plans by taking into account the combined costs that include penalties for missing or noisy observations, and normalizing over a sample set of plans generated by finding either diverse or high-quality plans. Our experiments show that this approach improves goal recognition in most domains when observations are unreliable. In addition, we evaluate plan recognition performance and show that the high-quality plan generation approach should be preferred in most domains.
<title>Magnetic resonance reconstruction from projections using half the data</title> (1991)

The acquisition of radial lines in 2-D Fourier space (k space) allows the realization of the extremely short echo times useful in the imaging of short-T2 species and flow using Magnetic Resonance (MR). The disadvantage of this imaging method, which is also known as projection reconstruction, is that in order to prevent aliasing at a given resolution, (pi) times as many excitations are required as the conventional 2-D Fourier transform or spin-warp acquisition. The authors propose an acquisition and reconstruction method that halves the required number of radial lines and excitations by using the properties that projections are real or have slowly varying phase and that radial acquisition methods are over-sampled at the center of k space. This method preserves resolution while reducing imaging time at the expense of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This has been verified with both phantom and human subjects.
Palmitoylation of Cytoskeleton Associated Protein 4 by DHHC2 Regulates Antiproliferative Factor-mediated Signaling (2009)

Previously, we identified cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) as a major substrate of the palmitoyl acyltransferase, DHHC2, using a novel proteomic method called palmitoyl-cysteine identification, capture and analysis (PICA). CKAP4 is a reversibly palmitoylated and phosphorylated protein that links the ER to the cytoskeleton. It is also a high-affinity receptor for antiproliferative factor (APF), a small sialoglycopeptide secreted from bladder epithelial cells of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC). The role of DHHC2-mediated palmitoylation of CKAP4 in the antiproliferative response of HeLa and normal bladder epithelial cells to APF was investigated. Our data show that siRNA-mediated knockdown of DHHC2 and consequent suppression of CKAP4 palmitoylation inhibited the ability of APF to regulate cellular proliferation and blocked APF-induced changes in the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, and ZO-1 (genes known to play a role in cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis). Immunocytochemistry revealed that CKAP4 palmitoylation by DHHC2 is required for its trafficking from the ER to the plasma membrane and for its nuclear localization. These data suggest an important role for DHHC2-mediated palmitoylation of CKAP4 in IC and in opposing cancer-related cellular behaviors and support the idea that DHHC2 is a tumor suppressor.
Influence of induced decentered orthokeratology lens on ocular higher-order wavefront aberrations and contrast sensitivity function (2009)

Decentered treatment of orthokeratology resulted in decreased contrast sensitivity after treatment, showing that centration of the procedure is crucial to good outcomes.
Spirovesamicols: Conformationally Restricted Analogs of 2-(4-Phenylpiperidino)cyclohexanol (Vesamicol, AH5183) as Potential Modulators of Presynaptic Cholinergic Function (1994)

In an effort to develop selective inhibitors of vesicular acetylcholine storage, we have synthesized a series of semirigid vesamicol receptor ligands based on the structure of 2-(4-phenylpiperidino)-cyclohexanol (vesamicol, AH5183, 1). In these compounds, the planes of the phenyl and piperidyl moieties of the parent ligand 1 are held at right angles by vinyl, ethylene, and propylene bridges to form N-substituted derivatives of spiro[indene-1,4'-piperidine], 2,3-dihydrospiro[indene-1,4'-piperidine], and 3,4-dihydrospiro[naphthalene-1(2H),4'-piperidine], respectively. Preliminary evaluation of these compounds in electric organ synaptic vesicles revealed several potent vesamicol receptor ligands, such as 1'-(2-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-3-yl)spiro[1H-indene-1,4'-p iperidine (11b) and 1'-(2-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-3-yl)spiro[2-bromo-1H-in den e- 1,4'-piperidine] (14), which display subnanomolar affinity for this receptor. In general, the vinyl and ethylene bridges yielded the most potent analogs while the propylene-bridged analogs were among the least potent compounds. The increased rigidity of these spiro-fused compounds, relative to the corresponding simple 4-phenylpiperidine derivatives of vesamicol, is expected to confer greater selectivity for the vesamicol receptor.
RNA splicing capability of live neuronal dendrites (2005)

Dendrites are specialized extensions of the neuronal soma that contain components of the cellular machinery involved in RNA and protein metabolism. Several dendritically localized proteins are associated with the precursor-mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing complex, or spliceosome. Although some spliceosome-related, RNA-binding proteins are known to subserve separate cytoplasmic functions when moving between the nucleus and cytoplasm, little is known about the pre-mRNA splicing capacity of intact dendrites. Here, we demonstrate the presence and functionality of pre-mRNA-splicing components in dendrites. When isolated dendrites are transfected with a chicken delta-crystallin pre-mRNA or luciferase reporter pre-mRNA, splicing junctions clustered at or near expected splice sites are observed. Additionally, in vitro synaptoneurosome experiments show that this subcellular fraction contains a similar complement of splicing factors that is capable of splicing chicken delta-crystallin pre-mRNA. These observations suggest that pre-mRNA-splicing factors found in the dendroplasm retain the potential to promote pre-mRNA splicing.
Novel synthesis technique for zinc-silicate phosphors (1983)

A novel but simple synthesis technique for producing improved zinc-silicate phosphors with improved efficiency and persistence control as well as tight and uniform particle-size distribution is described. Silicic acid powder with a predetermined range of particle sizes is first coated with a solution containing manganese and arsenic ions and very fine zinc-oxide powder (100 A) and then fired in a wet nitrogen furnace at 1180°+/-50 C for 15+/-5 minutes. This method eliminates grinding and produces P1- and P39-type phosphors with cathodoluminescence performance superior to commercial samples.
Pulsed laser planarization of metal films for multilevel interconnects (1985)

Stable water isotopes are employed as hydrological tracers to quantify the diverse implications of atmospheric moisture for climate. They are widely used as proxies for studying past climate changes, e.g., in isotope records from ice cores and speleothems. Here, we present a new isotopic dataset of both near-surface vapour and ocean surface water from the North Pole to Antarctica, continuously measured from a research vessel throughout the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans during a period of two years. Our observations contribute to a better understanding and modelling of water isotopic composition. The observations reveal that the vapour deuterium excess within the atmospheric boundary layer is not modulated by wind speed, contrary to the commonly used theory, but controlled by relative humidity and sea surface temperature only. In sea ice covered regions, the sublimation of deposited snow on sea ice is a key process controlling the local water vapour isotopic composition.
miR-193a-3p regulates the multi-drug resistance of bladder cancer by targeting the LOXL4 gene and the Oxidative Stress pathway (2014)

In addition to a new mechanistic insight, our results provide a set of the essential genes in this newly identified miR-193a-3p/LOXL4/Oxidative Stress axis as the diagnostic targets for a guided anti-bladder cancer chemotherapy.
Enhancing the performances of ECR ion sources (2003)

The performances of ECR ion sources can be enhanced in the spatial domain by tailoring the central magnetic field so that it is uniformly distributed over a large plasma volume and is of magnitude so as to be in resonance with single frequency microwave radiation. Analogously, the performances of conventional minimum-B ECR ion sources can be enhanced in the frequency domain by injecting multiple discrete frequency or broadband microwave radiation into their plasma volumes. In this report, examples of both the spatial-and frequency-domain techniques will be given. For example, the design aspects of an all permanent-magnet "volume-type" (spatial-domain) ECR ion source will be described and the effects of injecting multiple frequencies (frequency-domain) on the charge-state-distributions extracted from a conventional minimum-B ECR ion source will be presented.
New Phenoxyketimine Titanium Complexes:  Combining Isotacticity and Living Behavior in Propylene Polymerization (2004)

A series of titanium bis(phenoxyketimine) olefin polymerization catalysts were synthesized and screened for propylene polymerization. The phenoxyketimine ligands contain pentafluorophenyl N-aryl groups and ortho-phenol substituents of varying size. Catalysts with ortho-phenol substituents of intermediate size produce living, substantially isotactic polypropylene. The living nature of these catalyst systems is demonstrated through the synthesis of block copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions.
Unified loop filter for high-performance video coding (2010)

In this paper, we propose a unified loop filter for high-performance video coding, which suppresses the quantization noise optimally and improves the objective and subjective quality of the reconstructed picture simultaneously. The proposed filter unifies nonlinear enhancement filter (for removing blocking and ringing artifacts) and linear restoration filter (for improving coding efficiency) within the classical optimization framework of least mean square error (LMSE). Experimental results show that the proposed unified loop filter achieves on average 11.53% objective coding gain in combination with better visual quality improvement around edges and textures, compared with H.264/AVC High Profile.
All‐Organic Battery Composed of Thianthrene‐ and TCAQ‐Based Polymers (2016)

An all‐organic battery consisting of two redox‐polymers, namely poly(2‐vinylthianthrene) and poly(2‐methacrylamide‐TCAQ) is assembled. This all‐organic battery shows excellent performance characteristics, namely flat discharge plateaus, an output voltage exceeding 1.3 V, and theoretical capacities of both electrodes higher than 100 mA h g −1 . Both organic electrode materials are synthesized in two respective three synthetic steps using the free‐radical polymerization technique. Li‐organic batteries manufactured from these polymers prove their suitability as organic electrode materials. The cathode material poly(2‐vinylthianthrene) (3) displays a discharging plateau at 3.95 V versus Li + /Li and a discharge capacity of 105 mA h g −1 , corresponding to a specific energy of about 415 mW h g −1 . The anode material poly(2‐methacrylamide‐TCAQ) (7) exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 130 mA h g −1 , corresponding to 94% material activity. The combination of both materials results in an all‐organic battery with a discharge voltage of 1.35 V and an initial discharge capacity of 105 mA h g −1 (95% material activity).
Room Temperature, Continuous-Wave Operation of Quantum Cascade Lasers with Single Phonon Resonance-Continuum Depopulation Structures (2007)

We propose a new quantum-cascade laser structure with single phonon resonance-continuum depopulation and demonstrate room temperature, CW operation of the proposed 7.9 mum quantum-cascade laser. The laser grown by MOVPE emits a CW output power of 36 mW at 30degC. The proposed structure may lead to successful commercial mass-production of the lasers.
Using Synthetic Data to Train an Accurate Real-World Fault Detection System (2006)

Avoidance of unscheduled downtime and costly secondary damage make the accurate prediction of equipment remaining useful life of enormous economic benefit to industry. The detection of faults is an important first step in building a prognostic reasoner. This paper describes an approach for improving the performance of fault detection systems that operate on time series data. The method generates synthetic data that closely matches the characteristics of the raw data. These synthetic data are used to develop and evaluate classification systems in the common situation where real labeled data is quite scarce. The real data can then be preserved for use as a test set to assess the performance of the classification system. Data collected from aircraft engine/airframe systems is used to assess the performance of the resulting classification system
Synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F] 4‐amino‐<i>N</i>‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐<i>N′</i>‐hydroxy‐1,2,5‐oxadiazole‐3‐carboximidamide (IDO5L): a novel potential PET probe for imaging of IDO1 expression (2015)

To synthesize (18) F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) ligands, reliable labeling techniques inserting (18) F into a target molecule are necessary. The (18) F-fluorobenzene moiety has been widely utilized in the synthesis of (18) F-labeled compounds. The present study utilized [(18) F]-labeled aniline as intermediate in [(18) F]-radiolabeling chemistry for the facile radiosynthesis of 4-amino-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N'-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboximidamide ([(18) F]IDO5L) as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) targeted tracer. IDO5L is a highly potent inhibitor of IDO1 with low nanomolar IC50 . [(18) F]IDO5L was synthesized via coupling [(18) F]3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline with carboximidamidoyl chloride as a potential PET probe for imaging IDO1 expression. Under the optimized labeling conditions, chemically and radiochemically pure (>98%) [(18) F]IDO5L was obtained with specific radioactivity ranging from 11 to 15 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis within ~90 min, and the decay-corrected radiochemical yield was 18.2 ± 2.1% (n = 4).
Microfluidic—based sperm sorting & analysis for treatment of male infertility (2018)

Microfluidics technology has emerged as an enabling technology for different fields of medicine and life sciences. One such field is male infertility where microfluidic technologies are enabling optimization of sperm sample preparation and analysis. In this chapter we review how microfluidic technology has been used for sperm quantification, sperm quality analysis, and sperm manipulation and isolation with subsequent use of the purified sperm population for treatment of male infertility. As we discuss demonstrations of microfluidic sperm sorting/manipulation/analysis, we highlight systems that have demonstrated feasibility towards clinical adoption or have reached commercialization in the male infertility market. We then review microfluidic-based systems that facilitate non-invasive identification and sorting of viable sperm for <i>in vitro</i> fertilization. Finally, we explore commercialization challenges associated with microfluidic sperm sorting systems and provide suggestions and future directions to best overcome them.
Nanoscale modules with full spin-wave interconnectivity (2007)

In this paper, we present two nanoscale architectures with full spin-wave interconnectivity. The first architecture is a fully interconnected cluster in which each node can simultaneously broadcast to all other nodes, and can concurrently receive and process multiple data. The second architecture is a crossbar interconnected with ferromagnetic buses that, while requiring the same number of switches and buses as the standard crossbar, is capable of simultaneously transmitting multiple waves at different frequencies on each of the spin-wave buses. The significance of these designs is that the communication between the nodes can be done in constant time, which is a noteworthy improvement considering the Ω(log N) lower-bound on the time delay for implementing such networks in VLSI using traditional electrical interconnects. In these architectures, unlike traditional spin-based architectures that transmit charge, the information is encoded into the phase of spin waves. As a result of this, the presented nanoscale designs may have low power consumption.
CEIL: a scalable, resolution limit free approach for detecting communities in large networks (2015)

Real world networks typically exhibit non uniform edge densities with there being a higher concentration of edges within modules or communities. Various scoring functions have been proposed to quantify the quality of such communities. In this paper, we argue that the popular scoring functions suffer from certain limitations. We identify the necessary features that a scoring function should incorporate in order to characterize good community structure and propose a new scoring function, CEIL (Community detection using External and Internal scores in Large networks), which conforms closely with our characterization. We also demonstrate experimentally the superiority of our scoring function over the existing scoring functions.

Modularity, a very popular scoring function, exhibits resolution limit, i.e., one cannot find communities that are much smaller in size compared to the size of the network. In many real world networks, community size does not grow in proportion to the network size. This implies that resolution limit is a serious problem in large networks. Modularity is still very popular since it offers many advantages such as fast algorithms for maximizing the score, and non-trivial community structures corresponding to the maxima. We show analytically that the CEIL score does not suffer from resolution limit. We also modify the Louvain method, one of the fastest greedy algorithms for maximizing modularity, to maximize the CEIL score. We show that our algorithm gives the expected communities in synthetic networks as opposed to maximizing modularity. We also show that the community labels given by our algorithm matches closely with the ground truth community labels in real world networks. Our algorithm is on par with Louvain method in computation time and hence scales well to large networks.
Trans-abdominal monitoring of fetal arterial blood oxygenation using pulse oximetry (2000)

Pulse oximetry (oxygen saturation monitoring) has markedly improved medical care in many fields, including anesthesiology, intensive care, and newborn intensive care. In obstetrics, fetal heart rate monitoring remains the standard for intrapartum assessment of fetal well being. Fetal oxygen saturation monitoring is a new technique currently under development. It is potentially superior to electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (cardiotocography) because it allows direct assessment of both the fetal oxygen status and fetal tissue perfusion. Here we present the analysis for determining the most optimal wavelength selection for pulse oximetry. The wavelengths we chose as the most optimal are the first in the range of 670-720 nm and the second in the range of 825-925 nm. Further, we discuss the possible systematic errors during our measurements and their contribution to the obtained saturation results. We present feasibility studies for fetal pulse oximetry, monitored noninvasively through the maternal abdomen. Our preliminary experiments show that the fetal pulse can be discriminated from the maternal pulse and thus, in principle, the fetal arterial oxygen saturation can be obtained. We present the methodology for obtaining these data, and discuss the dependence of our measurements on the fetal position with respect to the optode assembly.
Multiplexed phase-conjugate holographic data storage with a buffer hologram (2000)

We describe and demonstrate a volume holographic storage system in which a phase-conjugate object beam is reconstructed by the same reference beam that was used for recording. An intermediate hologram is used as a temporary buffer, recorded with its own reference beam and the data-bearing object beam. Reading this buffer hologram with the phase conjugate of its reference beam reconstructs the phase conjugate of the object beam, which can then be recorded into the desired volume hologram for long-term storage. This method combines the immunity to lens aberrations provided by phase-conjugate readout with the simplicity of using the same multiplexed reference beam for both recording and readout. Only a single pair of phase-conjugate reference beams is required. Experimental results are shown with a single LiNbO(3):Fe crystal used as both buffer and storage holograms and a self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror in BaTiO(3) that provides the pair of phase-conjugate reference beams.
Label-free bio-aerosol detection and classification using a virtual impactor and deep learning (Conference Presentation) (2023)

We present a computational mobile imaging device that captures holograms of aerosols through a virtual impactor, a flow-based device designed to detect aerosols. A differential detection scheme localizes all the flowing particles in air, and their auto-focused holograms are used to classify them using a trained neural network without any labels/stains. To test this cost-effective mobile device, we aerosolized different types of pollen (Bermuda, Elm, Oak, Pine, Sycamore, and Wheat) and achieved a blind testing classification accuracy of 92.91%. This cost-effective mobile system can be used as a long-term air quality monitor to automatically count/sense particulate matter and various allergens.
Chirped-Pulse Terahertz Spectroscopy for Broadband Trace Gas Sensing (2011)

Author Institution: National Institute of Standards And Technology, Optical Technology Division, Gaithersburg, Md 20899
Methylsulfonylpyrazolyl Oxadiazoles and Thiadiazoles as Potent, Orally Bioavailable Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Obesity (2009)

The structure-activity relationship studies to optimize pyrazole substituents as well as 1,3,4-oxadiazole or 1,3,4-thiadiazole rings led to four novel CB1 antagonists with IC(50) values of approximately 1 nM for the rat CB1 receptor binding. Among these derivatives, we identified trifluoromethylcyclobutyl analogues 19e and 19l as promising precandidates for the development as anti-obesity agents.