gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of stress in alcohol use, alcoholism treatment, and relapse. (1999)

Addiction to alcohol or other drugs (AODs) is a complex problem determined by multiple factors, including psychological and physiological components. Stress is considered a major contributor to the initiation and continuation of AOD use as well as to relapse. Many studies that have demonstrated an association between AOD use and stress have been unable to establish a causal relationship between the two. However, stress and the body's response to it most likely play a role in the vulnerability to initial AOD use, initiation of AOD abuse treatment, and relapse in recovering AOD users. This relationship probably is mediated, at least in part, by common neurochemical systems, such as the serotonin, dopamine, and opiate peptide systems, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Further exploration of these connections should lead to important pharmacological developments in the prevention and treatment of AOD abuse. Studies indicate that treatment techniques which foster coping skills, problem-solving skills, and social support play a pivotal role in successful treatment. In the future, individualized treatment approaches that emphasize stress management strategies in those patients in whom a clear connection between stress and relapse exists will become particularly important.
La investigación biográfico-narrativa o el desafío de descolonizar nuestra mirada (2012)

Se toman, como punto de partida, los aportes de la investigación biográfico - narrativa al conocimiento científico de la realidad educativa como una perspectiva alternativa que descoloniza el acento puesto en la tradición positivista y permite un acercamiento a la comprensión de los sujetos y procesos en las instituciones de existencia.En esa línea se analiza la investigación biográfico-narrativa bajo tres supuestos que fundamentan su elección, tanto desde una opción ideológica y epistemológica, como desde el punto de vista metodológico.El énfasis está puesto en la posición del formador de formadores, en su función de investigador en la narración y la biografía, con un recorte en el que se mencionan dos aspectos de fundamental importancia: la escucha en la alteridad y el manejo de la implicación en el informe narrativo para abocarse al conocimiento del sujeto y la institución contextualizada.Finalmente se plantea el aporte que la investigación narrativa puede realizar, desde la formación docente, en el contexto actual de universalización obligatoria de la educación y de las diferentes trayectorias escolares.
Stabilisation of edible oils with natural antioxidants (2001)

Natural antioxidants have recently gained increased interest because of the belief that natural food ingredients are better and safer than synthetic ones. The review presents the results on stabilisation of the main edible oils with different types of natural antioxidants. Sources of natural antioxidants are spices, herbs, teas, oils, seeds, cereals, cocoa shell, grains, fruits, vegetables, enzymes, proteins. Researchers concentrate on ascorbic acid, tocopherols and carotenoids as well as on plant extracts containing various individual antioxidants such as flavonoids (quercetin, kaemferol, myricetin), catechins or phenols (carnosol, rosmanol, rosamaridiphenol) and phenolic acids (carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid). Ascorbyl palmitate is regarded as a 'natural' antioxidant because it is hydrolysed in the body to ascorbic and palmitic acids. Among the herbs of the Lamiaceae family, rosemary has been more extensively studied and its extracts are the first marketed natural antioxidants. Oregano, which belongs to the same family, has gained the interest of many research groups as a potent antioxidant in lipid systems. The review concerns the following main topics: stabilisation of oil with individual natural antioxidants, interaction of antioxidants with synergists, stabilisation of oil with extracts or dry materials from different plant sources (e.g. herbs and spices), stabilisation at frying temperatures and in emulsions.
Dynamic polygon clouds: representation and compression for VR/AR (2018)

We introduce the polygon cloud, a compressible representation of three-dimensional geometry (including attributes, such as color), intermediate between polygonal meshes and point clouds. Dynamic polygon clouds, like dynamic polygonal meshes and dynamic point clouds, can take advantage of temporal redundancy for compression. In this paper, we propose methods for compressing both static and dynamic polygon clouds, specifically triangle clouds. We compare triangle clouds to both triangle meshes and point clouds in terms of compression, for live captured dynamic colored geometry. We find that triangle clouds can be compressed nearly as well as triangle meshes, while being more robust to noise and other structures typically found in live captures, which violate the assumption of a smooth surface manifold, such as lines, points, and ragged boundaries. We also find that triangle clouds can be used to compress point clouds with significantly better performance than previously demonstrated point cloud compression methods. For intra-frame coding of geometry, our method improves upon octree-based intra-frame coding by a factor of 5-10 in bit rate. Inter-frame coding improves this by another factor of 2-5. Overall, our proposed method improves over the previous state-of-the-art in dynamic point cloud compression by 33 or more.
Assessment of polyanion (BF<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> and PF<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup>) substitutions in hybrid halide perovskites (2014)

The incorporation of tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate in halide perovskites is found to result in substantial band gap widening.
Synthesis of 2.beta.-Acyl-3.beta.-aryl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and Their Binding Affinities at Dopamine and Serotonin Transport Sites in Rat Striatum and Frontal Cortex (1994)

A novel entry to tropane analogs of cocaine was developed on the basis of the reaction of rhodium-stabilized vinylcarbenoids with pyrroles. These analogs were tested in binding to dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) transporters in membranes from rat striatum and frontal cortex. In all the analogs, the aryl group at the 3-position was directly bound to the tropane ring (as in WIN-35,428), and methyl or ethyl ketone moieties were present at the 2-position instead of the typical ester group. The series of analogs containing a 2-naphthyl group at the 3-position were most potent, with Ki values < 1 nM in binding to both dopamine and 5-HT transporters. Although the unsubstituted 2-naphthyl analog was nonselective at dopamine and 5-HT transport sites, other compounds were selective for either site. In general, compounds with relatively small substituents on the aromatic moiety (such as p-methyl or p-fluoro) were relatively selective for the dopamine transporters, while a p-isopropylphenyl derivative was selective for the 5-HT transport sites. This latter compound represents the first N-methyltropane derivative specific for 5-HT transporters. Resolution of two of the most significant analogs was achieved by HPLC on a chiral stationary phase; the active enantiomer of a 2-naphthyl analog exhibited Ki values of < 0.1 nM at both dopamine and 5-HT transporter sites.
Observation of an Intact Noncovalent Homotrimer of Detergent-solubilized Rat Microsomal Glutathione Transferase-1 by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Microsomal glutathione transferase-1 (MGST1) is a membrane-bound enzyme involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and the protection of cells against oxidative stress. The proposed active form of the enzyme is a noncovalently associated homotrimer that binds one substrate glutathione molecule/trimer. In this study, this complex has been directly observed by electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of active rat liver MGST1 reconstituted in a minimum amount of detergent. The measured mass of the homotrimer is 53 kDa, allowing for the mass of three MGST molecules in complex with one glutathione molecule. Collision-induced dissociation of the trimer complex resulted in the formation of monomer and homodimer ion species. Two distinct species of homodimer were observed, one unliganded and one identified as a homodimer.glutathione complex. Activation of the enzyme by N-ethylmaleimide through modification of Cys(49) (Svensson, R., Rinaldi, R., Swedmark, S., and Morgenstern, R. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 15144-15149) was monitored by the observation of an appropriate increase in mass in both the denatured monomeric and native trimeric forms of MGST1. Together, the data correspond well with the proposed functional organization of MGST1. These results also represent the first example of direct electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of a detergent-solubilized multimeric membrane protein complex in its native state.
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Peptide SS31 Prevents Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Apoptosis by Down-Regulating p66Shc in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells (2013)

This study revealed that SS31 pretreatment serves a protective role against H/R-induced apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells, and the mechanism is related to suppression of p66Shc.
Photolysis of chloroform and other organic molecules in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions (1991)

The photocatalytic degradation of chloroform has been\ninvestigated in aqueous suspensions of TiO_2 over the\nwavelength range of 310-380 nm. A detailed reaction\nmechanism has been proposed in which the rate-determining\nstep is the reaction of surface-bound *OH with\nadsorbed CHCl_3. A pH-stat titration technique was developed\nfor the measurement of the rates of degradation\nof chlorinated hydrocarbons. The quantum efficiency (Ф\n= 0.56 at ⋋ = 330 nm) of the degradation of CHCl_3, was\nfound to be inversely proportional to the square root of\nthe incident light intensity. This relationship can be explained in terms of a direct competition between a second-order recombination of surface-bound 'OH and the\nrate-determining reaction of surface-bound 'OH with\nCHCl_3. The rates of degradation of several electron donors\nhave been correlated with their computed surface speciation.\nThe results of this study show that the adsorption\nof electron donors and acceptors to the TiO_2 surface plays\na more important role in determining the rate of the\nphotocatalytic reactions than the effect of pH-dependent\nFermi-level shifts.
Video quality gradient measures for digital networks (2002)

Two of the most significant video quality degradations produced by digital compression in codecs are image blurring and distortion of edges in areas of motion. These degradations become more evident at reduced transmission rates. Two objective measures of video quality, one based on Laplacian and the other on Sobel gradient operators, are proposed. They are validated with desktop video teleconferencing (VTC) data for digital networks with sequences containing significant motion and complex detail. The measured results are compared over a range of transmission bit rates. The sensitivity and reliability of the measures are enhanced by determining the optimum Gray level thresholds for computing the measures. Both measures correlate well with transmission rate and subjective opinion of the video quality, particularly for blurring.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ordered Phase Formation in Concentrated Hydroxpropylcellulose Solutions (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrdered Phase Formation in Concentrated Hydroxpropylcellulose SolutionsRita S. Werbowyj and Derek G. GrayCite this: Macromolecules 1980, 13, 1, 69–73Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60073a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60073a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1219Altmetric-Citations298LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
iGPU: Exception support and speculative execution on GPUs (2012)

Since the introduction of fully programmable vertex shader hardware, GPU computing has made tremendous advances. Exception support and speculative execution are the next steps to expand the scope and improve the usability of GPUs. However, traditional mechanisms to support exceptions and speculative execution are highly intrusive to GPU hardware design. This paper builds on two related insights to provide a unified lightweight mechanism for supporting exceptions and speculation on GPUs. First, we observe that GPU programs can be broken into code regions that contain little or no live register state at their entry point. We then also recognize that it is simple to generate these regions in such a way that they are idempotent, allowing their entry points to function as program recovery points and enabling support for exception handling, fast context switches, and speculation, all with very low overhead. We call the architecture of GPUs executing these idempotent regions the iGPU architecture. The hardware extensions required are minimal and the construction of idempotent code regions is fully transparent under the typical dynamic compilation framework of GPUs. We demonstrate how iGPU exception support enables virtual memory paging with very low overhead (1% to 4%), and how speculation support enables circuit-speculation techniques that can provide over 25% reduction in energy.
Validation of CT-video registration for guiding a novel ultrathin bronchoscope to peripheral lung nodules using electromagnetic tracking (2009)

The development of an ultrathin scanning fiber bronchoscope (SFB) at the University of Washington permits bronchoscopic examination of small peripheral airways inaccessible to conventional bronchoscopes. Due to the extensive branching in higher generation airways, a form of bronchoscopic guidance is needed. For accurate intraoperative localization of the SFB, we propose a hybrid approach, using electromagnetic tracking (EMT) and 2D/3D registration of bronchoscopic video images to a preoperative CT scan. Three similarity metrics were evaluated for CT-video registration, including normalized mutual information (NMI), dark-weighted NMI (dw-NMI), and a surface gradient matching (SGM) strategy. From four bronchoscopic sessions, CT-video registration using SGM proved to be more robust than NMI-based metrics, averaging 320 frames of tracking before failure as compared with 100 and 160 frame averages for NMI and dw-NMI metrics respectively. In the hybrid configuration, EMT and CT-video registration were blended using a Kalman filter to recursively refine the registration error between the EMT system and airway anatomy. As part of the implementation, respiratory motion compensation (RMC) was implemented by adaptively estimating respiratory phase-dependent deformation. With the addition of RMC, average hybrid tracking disagreement with a set of manually registered key frames was 3.36 mm as compared with 6.30 mm when RMC was not used. In peripheral airway regions that undergo larger respiratory-induced deformation, disagreement was only 2.01 mm with RMC on average, as compared with 8.65 mm otherwise.
Upregulation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor expression in estrogen-induced pituitary hyperplasia (2004)

Recent evidence shows that reexpression and upregulation of angiotensin II (ANG II) type 2 (AT2) receptor in adult tissues occur during pathological conditions such as tissue hyperplasia, inflammation, and remodeling. In particular, expression of functional AT2 receptors in the pituitary and their physiological significance and regulation have not been described. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic in vivo estrogen treatment, which induces pituitary hyperplasia, enhances local AT2 expression (measured by Western blot and RT-PCR) concomitantly with downregulation of ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptors. In vivo progesterone treatment of estrogen-induced pituitary hyperplasia did not modify either the ANG II receptor subtype expression pattern or octapeptide-induced and AT1-mediated calcium signaling. Nevertheless, an unexpected potentiation of the ANG II prolactin-releasing effect was observed in this group, and this response was sensitive to both AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists. These data are the first to document that ANG II can act at the pituitary level through the AT2 receptor subtype and that estrogens display a differential regulation of AT1 and AT2 receptors at this level.
Ad4BP/SF‐1, a transcription factor essential for the transcription of steroidogenic cytochrome P450 genes and for the establishment of the reproductive function (1996)

Ad4BP/SF-1 was identified as the steroidogenic tissue-specific transcription factor regulating the expression of the steroidogenic cytochrome P450 genes. In addition to the steroidogenic endocrine tissues such as adrenal cortex, testis, and ovary, the factor was found to be expressed in the pituitary gonadotroph and the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Considering the roles of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, it is reasonable to assume that Ad4BP/SF-1 is closely associated with the reproductive function of adult animals. Another fundamental role of Ad4BP/SF-1 in the fetal development was discovered by gene disruption studies. Serious structural and functional defects were observed in the Ad4BP/SF-1-positive tissues of the gene-disrupted mice. Based on the sexually dimorphic expression of Ad4BP/SF-1 in the fetal gonads, the factor is also likely to be involved in the gonadal sex differentiation. Because of this functional significance during the tissue differentiation, the regulatory mechanism of the Ad4BP/SF-1 gene, the mammalian Ftz-F1 gene, has been investigated. The gene is controlled by an autoregulatory mechanism in which Ad4BP/SF-1 functions as the dominant transcription factor.-Morohashi, K.-I., and Omura, T. Ad4BP/SF-1, a transcription factor essential for the transcription of steroidogenic cytochrome P450 genes and for the establishment of the reproductive function.
Plasma Treatment of Wood–Plastic Composites to Enhance Their Adhesion Properties (2008)

Abstract In this study, the adhesion properties of adhesives and paints on wood–plastic composites (WPCs) after plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure and ambient air were investigated. Surface energy determination by means of contact angle measurements according to the Owens–Wendt approach and atomic force microscopy to detect changes in surface topography were carried out. An increase in the polar component of surface energy and an increase in surface roughness after plasma treatment were detected, indicating enhanced bond strength. To confirm these results, bond strength tests were conducted. By tensile bond strength tests, increased adhesion of waterborne, solventborne and oil-based paints on plasma treated surfaces was found. Furthermore, by shear bond strength tests, an increase in bond strength of plasma treated WPCs bonded with poly(vinyl acetate) and polyurethane adhesives was ascertained. Keywords: ADHESIONATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (AFM)BOND STRENGTHPLASMA (DBD)ROUGHNESSSURFACE ENERGYWOOD–PLASTIC COMPOSITE (WPC)
Gearing ratios of a magnetic gear for wind turbines (2009)

The wind turbine industry is growing at an incredible rate as numerous governments demand an increase in renewable energy generation capacity. The great multitude of turbines on windfarms throughout the world range from ones which are controlled mechanically with gears to ones which are controlled with power electronics and no gears. A drivetrain for a wind turbine which eliminates the problems of a mechanical gearbox and avoids the size and weight issues of directly-driven wind turbines is desired. A magnetic gear is proposed to reduce the size of the generator and achieve similar torque reduction provided by a mechanical gearbox, without the maintenance and breakdown issues. A magnetic gearbox, of the concentric planetary type will be studied for the high-torque, low-speed requirements of a wind turbine hub. Torque ripple is investigated across multiple models to determine acceptable torque transfer performance.
Miniature non-mechanical zoom camera using deformable MOEMS mirrors (2012)

We present a miniature non-mechanical zoom camera using deformable MOEMS mirrors. Bridger Photonics, Inc. (Bridger) in collaboration with Montana State University (MSU), has developed electrostatically actuated deformable MEMS mirrors for use in compact focus control and zoom imaging systems. Applications including microscopy, endomicroscopy, robotic surgery and cell-phone cameras. In comparison to conventional systems, our MEMS-based designs require no mechanically moving parts. Both circular and elliptical membranes are now being manufactured at the wafer level and possess excellent optical surface quality (membrane flatness < λ/4). The mirror diameters range from 1 - 4 mm. For membranes with a 25 μm air gap, the membrane stroke is 10 μm. In terms of the optical design, the mirrors are considered variable power optical elements. A device with 2 mm diameter and 10 μm stroke can vary its optical power over 40 diopters or 0.04mm<sup>∧</sup>(-1). Equivalently, this corresponds to a focal length ranging from infinity to 25 mm. We have designed and demonstrated a zoom system using two MOEMS elements and exclusively commercial off-the-shelf optical components to achieve an optical zoom of 1.9x with a 15° full field of view. The total optical track length of the system is 36 mm. The design is approximately 30 mm x 30 mm x 20 mm including the optomechanical housing and image sensor. With custom optics, we anticipate achieving form factors that are compatible with incorporation into cell phones.
XPS studies of in situ plasma-modified polymer surfaces (1993)

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to study the chemical effects of both inert (argon) and reactive (oxygen, nitrogen, and mixed gas) plasma treatments done in situ on a variety of polymer surfaces. Inert gas plasma treatments introduce no new detectable chemical species onto the polymer surface but can induce degradation and rearrangement of the polymer surface. However, plasma treatments with reactive gases create new chemical species which drastically alter the chemical reactivity of the polymer surface. These studies have also shown that the surface population of chemical species formed after plasma treatment is dependent on both the chemical structure of the polymer and the plasma gas. The effects of direct and radiative energy-transfer processes in a plasma have also been studied. Polymers containing certain functional groups were found to be more susceptible to damage via radiative energy transfer. Ageing studies of plasma-modified polymer surfaces exposed to the atmosphere have shown that the ageing process consists of two distinct phases. The initial phase, which occurs rapidly, involves adsorption of atmospheric contaminants and, in some cases, specific chemical reactions. The second phase, which occurs slowly, is due to surface reorganization. Keywords: Adhesiondegradationin situplasmapolymerstabilitysurface modificationXPS