gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of nitrogen compounds from lubricating oils (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval of nitrogen compounds from lubricating oilsC. A. AudehCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 2, 276–279Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300010a022https://doi.org/10.1021/i300010a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A New Approach to Load Balance for Parallel Compositional Simulation Based on Reservoir Model Over-decomposition (2013)

Abstract The quest for efficient and scalable parallel reservoir simulators has been evolving with the advancement of high performance computing architectures. Among the various challenges of efficiency and scalability, load imbalance is a major obstacle that has not been fully addressed and solved. The reasons that cause load imbalance in parallel reservoir simulation are both static and dynamic. Robust graph partitioning algorithms are capable of handling static load imbalance by decomposing the underlying reservoir geometry to distribute a roughly equal load to each processor. However, these loads determined by a static load balancer seldom remain unchanged as the simulation proceeds in time. This so called dynamic imbalance can be further exacerbated in parallel compositional simulations. The flash calculations for equations of state in complex compositional simulations not only can consume over half of the total execution time but also are difficult to balance merely by a static load balancer. The computational cost of flash calculations in each grid block heavily depends on the dynamic data such as pressure, temperature, and hydrocarbon composition. Thus, any static assignment of grid blocks may lead to dynamic load imbalance in unpredictable manners. A dynamic load balancer can often provide solutions for this difficulty. However, traditional techniques are inflexible and tedious to implement in legacy reservoir simulators. In this paper, we present a new approach to address dynamic load imbalance in parallel compositional simulation. It over-decomposes the reservoir model to assign each processor a bundle of subdomains. Processors treat these bundles of subdomains as virtual processes or user-level migratable threads which can be dynamically migrated across processors in the run-time system. This technique is shown to be capable of achieving better overlap between computation and communication for cache efficiency. We employ this approach in a legacy reservoir simulator and demonstrate reduction in the execution time of parallel compositional simulations while requiring minimal changes to the source code. Finally, it is shown that domain over-decomposition together with a load balancer can improve speedup from 29.27 to 62.38 on 64 physical processors for a realistic simulation problem.
Experimental demonstration of 20  Gbit/s data encoding and 2  ns channel hopping using orbital angular momentum modes (2015)

We explore the use of the spatial domain as a degree of freedom for data encoding and channel hopping. We experimentally demonstrate data encoding at 20 Gbit/s using four possible orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. The influence of mode spacing and time misalignment between modal channels on the switching crosstalk and bit-error rates is investigated. We find that the use of adjacent modes with a mode spacing of one introduces an extra power penalty of 3.2 dB compared with a larger mode spacing. Moreover, we demonstrate reconfigurable hopping of a 100 Gbit/s quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) data channel between four OAM modes with a 2 ns switching guard time. The results show that the power penalties for different hopping rates and mode spacings are less than 5.3 dB.
Real-time<i>in situ</i>sensing of damage evolution in advanced fiber composites using carbon nanotube networks (2008)

Developments in producing nanostructured materials with novel properties have opened up new opportunities in which unique functionality can be added to existing material systems. As advanced fiber composites are utilized more frequently in primary structural applications there is a key challenge to enhance the performance and reliability while reducing maintenance. As a consequence there is tremendous scientific and technical interest in the development of techniques for monitoring the health of composite structures where real-time sensing can provide information on the state of microstructural damage. In this research we utilize electrically conductive networks of carbon nanotubes as in situ sensors for detecting damage accumulation during cyclic loading of advanced fiber composites. Here we show that, by combining load and strain measurements in real-time with direct current electrical resistance measurements of the carbon nanotube network, insight can be gained toward the evolution and accumulation of damage. The resistance/strain relations show substantial hysteresis due to the formation and opening/closing of cracks during cyclic loading. Through interpreting the resistance response curves we identify a parameter that may be utilized as a quantitative measure of damage.
Production of transgenic canine embryos using interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (2011)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has emerged as an important tool for producing transgenic animals and deriving transgenic embryonic stem cells. The process of SCNT involves fusion of in vitro matured oocytes with somatic cells to make embryos that are transgenic when the nuclear donor somatic cells carry 'foreign' DNA and are clones when all the donor cells are genetically identical. However, in canines, it is difficult to obtain enough mature oocytes for successful SCNT due to the very low efficiency of in vitro oocyte maturation in this species that hinders canine transgenic cloning. One solution is to use oocytes from a different species or even a different genus, such as bovine oocytes, that can be matured easily in vitro. Accordingly, the aim of this study was: (1) to establish a canine fetal fibroblast line transfected with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene; and (2) to investigate in vitro embryonic development of canine cloned embryos derived from transgenic and non-transgenic cell lines using bovine in vitro matured oocytes. Canine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with constructs containing the GFP and puromycin resistance genes using FuGENE 6®. Viability levels of these cells were determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Interspecies SCNT (iSCNT) embryos from normal or transfected cells were produced and cultured in vitro. The MTT measurement of GFP-transfected fetal fibroblasts (mean OD = 0.25) was not significantly different from non-transfected fetal fibroblasts (mean OD = 0.35). There was no difference between transgenic iSCNT versus non-transgenic iSCNT embryos in terms of fusion rates (73.1% and 75.7%, respectively), cleavage rates (69.7% vs. 73.8%) and development to the 8-16-cell stage (40.1% vs. 42.7%). Embryos derived from the transfected cells completely expressed GFP at the 2-cell, 4-cell, and 8-16-cell stages without mosaicism. In summary, our results demonstrated that, following successful isolation of canine transgenic cells, iSCNT embryos developed to early pre-implantation stages in vitro, showing stable GFP expression. These canine-bovine iSCNT embryos can be used for further in vitro analysis of canine transgenic cells and will contribute to the production of various transgenic dogs for use as specific human disease models.
Near single carrier-type multiplication in a multiple graded-well structure for a solid-state photomultiplier (1986)

We report the observation of very large ionization rate ratios (β/α) in multiple graded-well Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.48</inf> In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.52</inf> As/Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> As avalanche photodiodes, grown by MBE. Avalanche multiplication occurs when holes heated by the field in the barrier layers impact ionize thermally-generated holes dynamically stored in the wells over the valence band-edge discontinuity. Since electrons are not confined in the graded structure, there is no multiplication of electrons by this process. This is the first observation of near single carrier-type multiplication in a III-V material.
Adipic acid production from lignin (2014)

Biological funneling is used to convert lignin-derived species to muconic acid, which is separated and catalytically upgraded to adipic acid.
Dynamic Indentation Hardness and Rate Sensitivity in Metals (1999)

An experimental technique for determining the dynamic indentation hardness of materials is described. Unlike the traditional static hardness measurements, the dynamic hardness measurements can capture the inherent rate dependent material response that is germane to high strain rate processes such as high speed machining and impact. The dynamic Vickers hardness (DHV) of several commonly used engineering materials is found to be greater than the static Vickers hardness (HV). The relationship between the hardness and yield stress under static conditions, i.e., HV =3σy, is also found to be valid under dynamic conditions. It is suggested that this simpler technique can be used to assess the rate sensitive nature of engineering materials at moderate strain rates in the range of around 2000/s.
<title>Compact optical sensors for measuring linear and angular velocities</title> (1999)

In this paper, we present a suite of novel speckle based displacement sensors. A laser beam illuminates the optically rough object and the light scattered off the object is collected and processed by various optical elements and, finally, the speckle pattern is detected. A new theoretical tool has been developed in which the speckle dynamics at the detector plane is described for an arbitrary complex optical system simply by means of the ABCD ray-transfer matrix elements for the optical system. Armed with the general theoretical tool, this paper discusses the correlation between object displacement and the speckle dynamics observed at the detector. In particular, the general theoretical tool allows trade-of analyses that are very important for industrial applications. As an example, all the sensors presented here are designed such that they are independent on variations in object distance. A new method is introduced in which rapid prototype optical sensors can be realized with standard optical elements. This facilitates a way of rapid realization of very compact optical sensors.
A novel split-resonator high power HTS planar filter (2002)

A novel microstrip filter design employing split-resonators and inserted I/O line coupling structures is proposed for high power high-temperature-superconductive (HTS) thin film filters. The use of split-resonators together with the inserted I/O coupling helps to redistribute the current more evenly over the resonators. The inserted line coupling structure also eliminates the sharp corners and narrow gaps associated with conventional I/O coupling structures. A 3-pole HTS filter was designed and tested. Excellent measurement results were obtained which demonstrate the advantages of the proposed design.
<title>Thin silicon nitride films to increase resolution in e-beam lithography</title> (1993)

A physical method of reducing feature size and proximity effects in sub-quarter micron e- beam lithography is described. A thin layer (50 - 300 nm) of silicon nitride deposited on a semiconductor substrate, prior to resist deposition, has been found to enhance the resist resolution. The samples were patterned with a 50 keV, 15 nm diameter probe generated by a JEOL JBX-5DII e-beam lithography system. Point spread function measurements in 60 nm thick SAL-601 on Si are shown to illustrate the resolution enhancement in the nanolithographic regime (sub-100 nm). The technique has been applied to lithography on 400 nm thick W films, such as would be used in x-ray mask fabrication. 200 nm of SAL-601 was spun onto W film samples, which were half coated with 200 nm of silicon nitride. Identical lithographic patterns were written on each half of the sample. On examination of the samples after post exposure processing and development, reduced feature sizes and proximity effects were seen on the sample half with the silicon nitride intermediary layer. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on a CM-200 Connection Machine. The results show a large number of fast secondary electrons are generated within a 50 nm radius of the incident electron beam. The implications of fast secondary electrons on resolution in e-beam lithography is discussed. The total number of fast secondary electrons entering the resist is greatly reduced by the silicon nitride layer. Simulations compare the thin layer technique to a bilayer resist technique, used to improve resolution at larger dimensions.
Indentation quantification for in-liquid nanomechanical measurement of soft material using an atomic force microscope: Rate-dependent elastic modulus of live cells (2013)

In this paper, a control-based approach to replace the conventional method to achieve accurate indentation quantification is proposed for nanomechanical measurement of live cells using atomic force microscope. Accurate indentation quantification is central to probe-based nanomechanical property measurement. The conventional method for in-liquid nanomechanical measurement of live cells, however, fails to accurately quantify the indentation as effects of the relative probe acceleration and the hydrodynamic force are not addressed. As a result, significant errors and uncertainties are induced in the nanomechanical properties measured. In this paper, a control-based approach is proposed to account for these adverse effects by tracking the same excitation force profile on both a live cell and a hard reference sample through the use of an advanced control technique, and by quantifying the indentation from the difference of the cantilever base displacement in these two measurements. The proposed control-based approach not only eliminates the relative probe acceleration effect with no need to calibrate the parameters involved, but it also reduces the hydrodynamic force effect significantly when the force load rate becomes high. We further hypothesize that, by using the proposed control-based approach, the rate-dependent elastic modulus of live human epithelial cells under different stress conditions can be reliably quantified to predict the elasticity evolution of cell membranes, and hence can be used to predict cellular behaviors. By implementing the proposed approach, the elastic modulus of HeLa cells before and after the stress process were quantified as the force load rate was changed over three orders of magnitude from 0.1 to 100 Hz, where the amplitude of the applied force and the indentation were at 0.4-2 nN and 250-450 nm, respectively. The measured elastic modulus of HeLa cells showed a clear power-law dependence on the load rate, both before and after the stress process. Moreover, the elastic modulus of HeLa cells was substantially reduced by two to five times due to the stress process. Thus, our measurements demonstrate that the control-based protocol is effective in quantifying and characterizing the evolution of nanomechanical properties during the stress process of live cells.
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation as a novel approach for water treatment in marine and freshwater aquaculture recirculating systems (2006)

Ammonia waste removal in recirculating aquaculture systems is typically accomplished via the action of nitrifying bacteria in specially designed biofilters that oxidize ammonia to produce nitrate. In the majority of these systems nitrate is discharged to the environment through frequent water exchanges. As environmental considerations have made it necessary to eliminate nitrate release, new strategies for nitrate consumption are being developed. In the funding period we showed that ammonia removal from wastewater could take place by an anaerobic ammonia oxidation process carried out by bacterial Planctomycetessp. Referred to as “anammox”, this process occurs in the absence of an organic source and in the presence of nitrite (or nitrate) as an electron acceptor as follows: NH₃ + HNO₂ -> N₂ + 2H₂O. Annamox has been estimated to result in savings of up to 90% of the costs associated with was wastewater treatment plants. Our objective was to study the applicability of the anammox process in a variety of recirculating aquaculture systems to determine optimal conditions necessary for efficient ammonia waste removal. Both seawater and freshwater systems operated with either conventional aerobic treatment of ammonia to nitrate (USA) or, in addition, denitrifying biofilters as well as anaerobic digestion of sludge (Israel) were tested. Molecular tools were used to screen and monitor different treatment compartments for the presence of Planctomycetes. Optimal conditions for the enrichment of the anammox bacteria were tested using laboratory scale biofilters as well as a semi-commercial system. Enrichment studies resulted in the isolation of some unique heterotrophic bacteria capable of plasmid-mediated autotrophic growth in the presence of ammonia and nitrite. Our studies have not only demonstrated the presence and viability of Planctomycetes spp. in recirculating marine and freshwater systems biofilter units but also demonstrated the applicability of the anammox process in these systems. Using our results we have developed treatment schemes that have allowed for optimizing the anammox process and applying it to recirculating systems.
763. HIV-Specific T Cells Can Be Expanded from Virus-Naive Donors to Target a Range of Viral Epitopes: Implications for a Cure Strategy After Allogeneic HSCT (2016)

Background: Adoptive T cell therapy has been successful in boosting viral-specific immunity post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), preventing viral rebound of CMV and EBV. However, the therapeutic use of T cells to boost HIV-specific T cell immunity in HIV+ patients has been met with limited success. Despite multiple attempts to eradicate HIV infection with allogeneic HSCT, the Berlin patient remains the only case of functional HIV cure. Previous infusions of HIV-specific T cells have resulted in immune escape from single epitope specificity and limited persistence of the T cell product. Our approach to address these limitations is to expand HIV-specific T cells derived from virus-naïve donors including umbilical cord blood, employing a non-HLA restricted approach for HIV+ patients receiving allogeneic HSCT for HIV-associated hematologic malignancies. Design: We have developed a robust, reproducible platform that can expand HIV-specific T cells (HXTCs) from the naïve pool in the allogeneic setting. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from virus-naïve donors are used to generate dendritic cells and T cells. T cells are stimulated with antigen presenting cells pulsed with HIV-pepmix and a combination of cytokines that promote proliferation and differentiation. T cells were tested for: (1) specificity against HIV antigens and individual peptides, (2) pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to stimulation with HIV peptides, and (3) ability to suppress HIV replication in vitro. Results: We successfully expanded (75.705 mean fold expansion) HXTCs recognizing HIV antigens from virus naïve donors. IFNg ELISPOT showed HXTCs (n=8) were specific against Gag (mean=331.25 SFC/1e5 cells) and Nef (mean=242.63 SFC/1e5 cells) vs Irrelevant (mean=13 SFC/1e5 cells). HXTCs produced significantly pro-inflammatory responses (p less than 0.05) to stimulation by gag/nef, as determined by levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and perforin (n=3). Importantly, HXTCs (n=4) were able to suppress HIV replication more than non-specific CD8+ T cells when co-cultured with autologous CD4+ T cells infected with HIV SF162 (HXTC 78.62% viral suppression compared to CD8+ T cell 34.19% viral suppression). HXTCs showed both HLA Class I or II specificity for individual HIV epitopes, as determined by HLA blocking and IFNg ELISPOT. Conclusion: This is the first report demonstrating generation of functional, multi-HIV antigen specific T-cells from HIV-negative donors, which has implications for using allogeneic HSCT as a functional HIV cure. The low frequency of circulating HXTCs post-infusion suggests these HXTCs could have a significant effect on preventing viral rebound. The generation of HXTCs from cord blood could provide a further advantage to increase the donor pool.