gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Design in reservoir simulation: an integrated solution for uncertainty analysis, a case study (2012)

Quantification of uncertain parameters in oil reservoirs is one of the major issues of concern. In underdeveloped reservoirs, there are many uncertain parameters affecting production forecast which plays a main role in reservoir management and decision making in development plan. To study the effect of uncertain parameters on the behavior of a reservoir and to forecast the probabilistic production of the reservoir, the simulator has to be run too many times with different entries for uncertain parameters. To avoid this heavy and time-consuming process, Experimental Design methodology is used which chooses the values of uncertain parameters from their ranges in a way that the total uncertainty in the system is captured with the least number of simulator runs. In this study, Experimental Design methodology is used to observe the effect of uncertain parameters on the production of an underdeveloped oil reservoir, which is subjected to immiscible gas injection method, and to estimate the probabilistic production of the reservoir; therefore, the proper and unbiased decisions for oil reservoir development can be made. Experimental Design methodology, as a powerful and trusted method, makes it possible to choose simulator runs so as to obtain accurate probabilistic production diagrams using the least number of runs as well as to study the impact of uncertain parameters on the oil reservoir production profile, quickly.
A comparison of test-retest variability of caloric induced nystagmus in a normal population using an air stimulus presented via a standard and modified irrigating probe (1996)

The caloric test has traditionally been carried out using water. Air caloric techniques have been available for some time but one of the reported disadvantages is the high variability of response (Coats et al., 1976). The aim of this study was to compare the test-retest variability of the air caloric response using a normal irrigation probe and a modified probe. The modified probe allowed observation of the placement of the probe tip within the ear canal and could be used to observe the direction of air flow during the irrigation. It was found that the variability with the modified probe is smaller than with the normal probe.
Regulation of the Protein C Anticoagulant and Antiinflammatory Pathways (2010)

Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant serine protease zymogen in plasma which upon activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex down-regulates the coagulation cascade by degrading cofactors Va and VIIIa by limited proteolysis. In addition to its anticoagulant function, activated protein C (APC) also binds to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in lipid-rafts/caveolar compartments to activate protease- activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) thereby eliciting antiinflammatory and cytoprotective signaling responses in endothelial cells. These properties have led to FDA approval of recombinant APC as a therapeutic drug for severe sepsis. The mechanism by which APC selects its substrates in the anticoagulant and antiinflammatory pathways is not well understood. Recent structural and mutagenesis data have indicated that basic residues of three exposed surface loops known as 39-loop (Lys-37, Lys-38, and Lys-39), 60-loop (Lys-62, Lys- 63, and Arg-67), and 70-80-loop (Arg-74, Arg-75, and Lys-78) (chymotrypsin numbering) constitute an anion binding exosite in APC that interacts with the procoagulant cofactors Va and VIIIa in the anticoagulant pathway. Furthermore, two negatively charged residues on the opposite side of the active-site of APC on a helical structure have been demonstrated to determine the specificity of the PAR-1 recognition in the cytoprotective pathway. This article will review the mechanism by which APC exerts its proteolytic function in two physiologically inter-related pathways and how the structure- function insights into determinants of the specificity of APC interaction with its substrates in two pathways can be utilized to tinker with the structure of the molecule to obtain APC derivatives with potentially improved therapeutic profiles.
Determinants to optimize response to clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome (2010)

The inhibition of platelet function by antiplatelet therapy determines the improvement of the survival of patients with clinically evident cardiovascular disease. Clopidogrel in combination with aspirin is the recommended standard of care for reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, major adverse cardiovascular events including stent thrombosis occur in patients taking clopidogrel and aspirin. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that high post-treatment platelet reactivity on antiplatelet treatment is associated with increased risk of adverse clinical events. Clopidogrel requires conversion to active metabolite by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The active metabolite inhibits ADP-stimulated platelet activation by irreversibly binding to P2Y(12) receptors. Recently, the loss-of-function CYP2C19*2 allele has been associated with decreased metabolization of clopidogrel, poor antiaggregant effect, and increased cardiovascular events. In high risk vascular patients, the CYP2C19*2 polymorphism is a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular events and particularly of stent thrombosis. Prospective studies evaluating if an antiplatelet treatment tailored on individual characteristics of patients, CYP2C19*2 genotypes, platelet phenotype, drug-drug interaction, as well as traditional and procedural risk factors, are now urgently needed for the identification of therapeutic strategies providing the best benefit for the single subject.
An Intelligent Attempt to Export Files into Cloud in Handheld Devices through Gesture Recognition (2015)

Objective: The idea is to upload files into cloud using gestures. A “Gesture” is a form of movement of part of a body, especially the hand or the head, to express an action. Waving of the hand over the phone is used as a gesture to export files into the cloud. Methods/Analysis: The type of the file to be uploaded into the cloud can be either a picture or a video. This is accomplished using an application similar to gallery. To perform the task, the application is invoked to view a picture or video, when the hand is waved over the phone. The gesture is recognized and the currently viewed file is uploaded into the cloud. The cloud service used here for uploading is Dropbox. The size of the media files is generally large and uploading it will take time, so the size is reduced through a compression algorithm. There is a buffer which tracks the uploading part and will see to that, that the entire media file is uploaded into the cloud. Findings: Through this application the file can be uploaded into the cloud through a gesture easily and effectively. Also, it is found that the application developed is found to be stable in tough testing conditions. Application/Improvements: This app reduces the human effort to a large scale and most importantly it does not occupy more space in the handheld device.The same app can be further ported to IOS for apple phones and IPads. Keywords: Cloud, Data Compression, Dropbox, Efficient and Easier Interaction,Wave Gesture
Ebola Virus Disease 2013-2014 Outbreak in West Africa: An Analysis of the Epidemic Spread and Response (2015)

The Ebola virus epidemic burst in West Africa in late 2013, started in Guinea, reached in a few months an alarming diffusion, actually involving several countries (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Senegal, and Mali). Guinea and Liberia, the first nations affected by the outbreak, have put in place measures to contain the spread, supported by international organizations; then they were followed by the other nations affected. In the present EVD outbreak, the geographical spread of the virus has followed a new route: the achievement of large urban areas at an early stage of the epidemic has led to an unprecedented diffusion, featuring the largest outbreak of EVD of all time. This has caused significant concerns all over the world: the potential reaching of far countries from endemic areas, mainly through fast transports, induced several countries to issue information documents and health supervision for individuals going to or coming from the areas at risk. In this paper the geographical spread of the epidemic was analyzed, assessing the sequential appearance of cases by geographic area, considering the increase in cases and mortality according to affected nations. The measures implemented by each government and international organizations to contain the outbreak, and their effectiveness, were also evaluated.
Synthesis of polymer-supported transition metal catalysts via phosphido linkages: heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds under mild conditions (1985)

R. A. Jones and M. H. Seeberger, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 373 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000373
New Design of ZnO Nanorod- and Nanowire-Based NO<sub>2</sub> Room-Temperature Sensors Prepared by Hydrothermal Method (2019)

Room-temperature gas sensors are attracting attention because of their low power consumption, safe operation, and long-term stability. Herein, ZnO nanorods (NRs) and nanowires (NWs) were on-chip grown via a facile hydrothermal method and used for room-temperature NO 2 gas sensor applications. The ZnO NRs were obtained by a one-step hydrothermal process, whereas the NWs were obtained by a two-step hydrothermal process. To obtain ZnO NW sensor, the length of NRs was controlled short enough so that none of the nanorod-nanorod junction was made. Thereafter, the NWs were grown from the tips of no-contact NRs to form nanowire-nanowire junctions. The gas-sensing characteristics of ZnO NRs and NWs were tested against NO 2 gas at room temperature for comparison. The gas-sensing characteristics of the sensors were also tested at different applied voltages to evaluate the effect of the self-activated gas-sensing performance. Results show that the diameter of ZnO NRs and NWs is the dominant parameter of their NO 2 gas-sensing performance at room temperature. In addition, self-activation by local heating occurred for both sensors, but because the NWs were smaller and sparser than the NRs, local heating thus required a lower applied voltage with maximal response compared with the NRs.
Wafer-recyclable, environment-friendly transfer printing for large-scale thin-film nanoelectronics (2018)

Transfer printing of thin-film nanoelectronics from their fabrication wafer commonly requires chemical etching on the sacrifice of wafer but is also limited by defects with a low yield. Here, we introduce a wafer-recyclable, environment-friendly transfer printing process that enables the wafer-scale separation of high-performance thin-film nanoelectronics from their fabrication wafer in a defect-free manner that enables multiple reuses of the wafer. The interfacial delamination is enabled through a controllable cracking phenomenon in a water environment at room temperature. The physically liberated thin-film nanoelectronics can be then pasted onto arbitrary places of interest, thereby endowing the particular surface with desirable add-on electronic features. Systematic experimental, theoretical, and computational studies reveal the underlying mechanics mechanism and guide manufacturability for the transfer printing process in terms of scalability, controllability, and reproducibility.
Photonic crystal microring resonator for label-free biosensing (2017)

A label-free optical biosensor based on a one-dimensional photonic crystal microring resonator with enhanced light-matter interaction is demonstrated. More than a 2-fold improvement in volumetric and surface sensing sensitivity is achieved compared to conventional microring sensors. The experimental bulk detection sensitivity is ~248nm/RIU and label-free detection of DNA and proteins is reported at the nanomolar scale. With a minimum feature size greater than 100nm, the photonic crystal microring resonator biosensor can be fabricated with the same standard lithographic techniques used to mass fabricate conventional microring resonators.
Analysis of chemical and metabolic components in traditional Chinese medicinal combined prescription containing Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Panax notoginseng by LC‐ESI‐MS methods (2007)

High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) methods were developed for the analysis of chemical and metabolic components in traditional Chinese medicinal combined prescription containing Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Panax notoginseng (commonly known as Fufang Danshen prescription, FDP). The HPLC experiments used a reversed-phase Zorbax C(18) column with the column temperature at 30 degrees C and a binary mobile phase system consisting of aqueous formic acid (0.1%, v/v) and acetonitrile using a gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The ESI-MS was operated with a single-quadrupole mass spectrometer in both negative and positive ion modes. 36 major chromatographic peaks of FDP, including 14 saponins, 13 phenolic acids and nine diterpenoid quinones were characterized by their MS spectra and in comparison with some of the reference standards. In addition, after oral administration of extraction of FDP, the rat's plasma, urine and feces were also analyzed; 53 metabolic components including 30 original components and 23 transformative components of FDP were detected, and possible metabolic pathways of some components in FDP were given. The analysis of chemical and metabolic components in FDP by HPLC-MS methods could be a useful means of identifying the multi-components of FDP and to hint at their possible metabolic mechanism of action in the body.
Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes Survey (2006)

The present edition of IK Notes asks the reader to provide feedback, and assess the contribution the publication has made to their related work. The intention is to learn about perceptions of IK Notes, and the role of Indigenous Knowledge in development. The survey is divided into two parts; both consist of short segments with multiple-choice responses. The first part covers the issue of how to evaluate IK Notes, and asks about the role it plays in the reader's work. The second part of the survey asks to provide an assessment of the importance of Indigenous Knowledge in development processes. The survey aims at learning about the role IK plays in the reader's work, and, places questions such as: Do you integrate indigenous practices in your work? And if so, did it change the outcome of your work?
IBIS, A STANDARDIZED INTEGRATED VEHICLE-BORNE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR TRAMCARS AND BUSES AS BASIS FOR CONTINUOUS INFORMATION TRANSFER IN PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS (1988)

PROVIDING INFORMATION TO PASSENGER INFORMATION DISPLAYS IN VEHICLES AND TO TICKET MACHINES AND DRIVERS
Driving Cessation in Older Men with Incident Dementia (2000)

Incident dementia is a major cause of driving cessation. Based on these data, we estimate that approximately 4% of male drivers aged 75 years and older nationwide (about 175,000 men) have dementia. This number will increase with the projected growth of drivers aged 75 years and older.
Epigenetics and bipolar disorder: New opportunities and challenges (2003)

Despite significant effort, understanding of the molecular causes and mechanisms of bipolar disorder (BD) remains a major challenge. Numerous molecular genetic linkage and association studies have been conducted over the last two decades; however, the data are quite inconsistent or even controversial. This article develops an argument that molecular studies of BD would benefit significantly from adding an epigenetic (epiG) perspective. EpiG factors refer to modifications of DNA and chromatin that "orchestrate" the activity of the genome, including regulation of gene expression. EpiG mechanisms are consistent with various non-Mendelian features of BD such as the relatively high degree of discordance in monozygotic (MZ) twins, the critical age group for susceptibility to the disease, clinical differences in males and females, and fluctuation of the disease course, including interchanges of manic and depressive phases, among others. Apart from the phenomenological consistency, molecular epiG peculiarities may shed new light on the understanding of controversial molecular genetic findings. The relevance of epigenetics for the molecular studies of BD is demonstrated using the examples of genetic studies of BD on chromosome 11p and the X chromosome. A spectrum of epiG mechanisms such as genomic imprinting, tissue-specific effects, paramutagenesis, and epiG polymorphism, as well as epiG regulation of X chromosome inactivation, is introduced. All this serves the goal of demonstrating that epiG factors cannot be ignored anymore in complex phenotypes such as BD, and systematic large-scale epiG studies of BD have to be initiated.
Partial inverse regression (2007)

In regression with a vector of quantitative predictors, sufficient dimension reduction methods can effectively reduce the predictor dimension, while preserving full regression information and assuming no parametric model. However, all current reduction methods require the sample size <it>n</it> to be greater than the number of predictors <it>p</it>. It is well known that partial least squares can deal with problems with <it>n</it> < <it>p</it>. We first establish a link between partial least squares and sufficient dimension reduction. Motivated by this link, we then propose a new dimension reduction method, entitled partial inverse regression. We show that its sample estimator is consistent, and that its performance is similar to or superior to partial least squares when <it>n</it> < <it>p</it>, especially when the regression model is nonlinear or heteroscedastic. An example involving the spectroscopy analysis of biscuit dough is also given.
Emerging applications of peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates: bioactive scaffolds, self-assembling systems, and hybrid nanomaterials (2018)

Peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) are covalent constructs that link a molecule like DNA to a synthetic peptide sequences. These materials merge the programmable self-assembly of oligonucleotides with the bioactivity and chemical diversity of polypeptides. Recent years have seen the widespread use of POCs in a range of fields, driven the by relative advantages of each molecular type. In this review, we will present an overview of the synthesis and application of POCs, with an emphasis on emerging areas where these molecules will have a unique impact. We first discuss two main strategies for synthesizing POCs from synthetic monomers such as phosphoramidites and functionalized amino acids. We then describe four key fields of research in POCs: (1) biomaterials for interfacing with, and controlling the behavior of cells; (2) hybrid self-assembling systems that balance peptide and oligonucleotide intermolecular forces; (3) template-enhanced coupling of POCs into larger molecules; and (4) display of peptides on self-assembled oligonucleotide scaffolds. We also highlight several promising areas for future applications in each of these four directions, and anticipate ever increasing uses of POCs in interdisciplinary research.
Säureabbau von Stärke unter semi‐dry Bedingungen (1997)

Abstract Bei der Anwendung des semi‐dry Prozesses zur Säuremodifizierung der Stärke wird die granuläre Substanz in einem Mischer mit Säure in katalytischer Konzentration besprüht, danach kurzzeitig im Mikrowellenfeld gezielt erhitzt, anschließend durch Aufsprühen einer Sodalösung neutralisiert und gleichzeitig gekühlt. Im Verlauf der milden Säurehydrolyse werden unspezifisch glycosidische Bedingungen der Glucosepolymere gespalten, wovon die Amylopektinfraktion zunächst stärker betroffen ist als die Amylose. Durch die Variation der Modifizierungsbedingungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Katalysatormenge und der Erhitzung, ließen sich unterschiedliche Typen dünnkochender Stärke mit variablen Gelbildungseigenschaften bis hin zu reversibel gelbildenden Dextrinen herstellen, die sich gut als Fettreplacer eignen. Der semi‐dry Prozeß ist besonders umweltfreundlich und bietet gegenüber dem gebräuchlichen Slurry‐Verfahren entscheidende Vorteile: eine kleinere Chemikalienmenge, eine kürzere Reaktionsdauer, kein Auswaschen, kein Abwasser, kein Substanzverlust.
Proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion by dual silencing of VEGF and Survivin in human osteosarcoma (2018)

Simultaneous silencing of multiple upregulated genes is an attractive and viable treatment strategy for many incurable diseases including cancer. Herein we used a dual gene-targeted siRNA conjugate composed of VEGF and Survivin siRNA sequences in the same backbone to inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis in two human osteosarcoma cell lines. We synthesized siRNA sequences targeting the VEGF and Survivin genes individually (VEGF siRNA and Survivin siRNA) or simultaneously (one-chain-double-target siRNA: dual siRNA). VEGF and Survivin mRNA and protein expression levels in human osteosarcoma MG-63 and Saos-2 cells were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. VEGF and Survivin protein location and expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. MG-63 and Saos-2 cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were detected by scratch test, MTT assay, flow cytometry, and capillary tube assay respectively. The dual siRNA induced similar downregulation of VEGF and Survivin mRNA and protein levels, compared with VEGF siRNA or Survivin siRNA alone. The dual siRNA caused greater suppression of MG-63 and Saos-2 cell migration, proliferation and angiogenesis, and promoted more cell apoptosis than VEGF siRNA or Survivin siRNA alone, suggesting that the effects of the dual siRNA on inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis and promoting apoptosis were superior to those of the single-target siRNAs. Simultaneous silencing of VEGF and Survivin using the dual siRNA may be an advantageous alternative for the development of therapeutic strategies against human osteosarcoma.
Optimizing Vibration Isolation of Flex Circuits in Hard Disk Drives (2004)

A “flex circuit” is a laminate of polyimide substrate, adhesive, and copper conductors that is used to connect the stationary electronic components in a computer hard disk drive to the rotating arm that positions read/write heads above the disks. The flex circuit’s transverse and longitudinal vibrations couple with the arm, and those motions, although seemingly small, degrade performance during seek operations from one data track to another. The flex circuit and arm mechanism is defined by a number of geometric parameters, and some latitude is available at the design stage for choosing dimensions and angles so as to minimize vibration transmission from the flex circuit to the arm. In this paper, the results of parameter, optimization, and experimental studies are discussed with a view toward improving isolation of the arm from vibration of the flex circuit in one or several modes. Particularly for the mechanism’s odd modes, the flex circuit’s free length and the relative attachment angle between the arm’s centerline and the circuit can each be chosen to significantly reduce vibration transmission. A genetic algorithm was applied to minimize a metric of vibration coupling in several vibration modes, and, in the case study examined, vibration isolation was improved by over 80%.