gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving CART-Cell Therapy of Solid Tumors with Oncolytic Virus–Driven Production of a Bispecific T-cell Engager (2018)

T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CART) have shown significant promise in clinical trials to treat hematologic malignancies, but their efficacy in solid tumors has been limited. Oncolytic viruses have the potential to act in synergy with immunotherapies due to their immunogenic oncolytic properties and the opportunity of incorporating therapeutic transgenes in their genomes. Here, we hypothesized that an oncolytic adenovirus armed with an EGFR-targeting, bispecific T-cell engager (OAd-BiTE) would improve the outcome of CART-cell therapy in solid tumors. We report that CART cells targeting the folate receptor alpha (FR-α) successfully infiltrated preestablished xenograft tumors but failed to induce complete responses, presumably due to the presence of antigen-negative cancer cells. We demonstrated that OAd-BiTE-mediated oncolysis significantly improved CART-cell activation and proliferation, while increasing cytokine production and cytotoxicity, and showed an <i>in vitro</i> favorable safety profile compared with EGFR-targeting CARTs. BiTEs secreted from infected cells redirected CART cells toward EGFR in the absence of FR-α, thereby addressing tumor heterogeneity. BiTE secretion also redirected CAR-negative, nonspecific T cells found in CART-cell preparations toward tumor cells. The combinatorial approach improved antitumor efficacy and prolonged survival in mouse models of cancer when compared with the monotherapies, and this was the result of an increased BiTE-mediated T-cell activation in tumors. Overall, these results demonstrated that the combination of a BiTE-expressing oncolytic virus with adoptive CART-cell therapy overcomes key limitations of CART cells and BiTEs as monotherapies in solid tumors and encourage its further evaluation in human trials. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 605-16. ©2018 AACR</i>.
3.2: <i>Invited Paper</i> : High‐Performance OTFTs on Flexible Substrate (2005)

Abstract In this paper we address the issues related with OTFTs on plastic substrates: 1) the growth of organic semiconductors by organic chemical vapor deposition; 2) organic insulator; 3) electrodes for gate, source/drain; 4) island formation of organic semiconductor; 5) improvement of OTFT performance; 6) Bias‐stress effect; and 7) passivation effect. We achieved a field‐effect mobility of 1.8 cm 2 /Vs, threshold voltage of −7.5V and on/off current ratio of >10 8 for the pentacene OTFT on plastic
Building a Knowledge Graph from Natural Language Definitions for Interpretable Text Entailment Recognition (2018)

Natural language definitions of terms can serve as a rich source of knowledge, but structuring them into a comprehensible semantic model is essential to enable them to be used in semantic interpretation tasks. We propose a method and provide a set of tools for automatically building a graph world knowledge base from natural language definitions. Adopting a conceptual model composed of a set of semantic roles for dictionary definitions, we trained a classifier for automatically labeling definitions, preparing the data to be later converted to a graph representation. WordNetGraph, a knowledge graph built out of noun and verb WordNet definitions according to this methodology, was successfully used in an interpretable text entailment recognition approach which uses paths in this graph to provide clear justifications for entailment decisions.
Cell suspensions from collagenase digestion of bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens. (1989)

A technique for the extraction of cells from bone marrow trephine core biopsy specimens using collagenase digestion was assessed in 39 cases (33 diagnostic and six normal). Diagnostically useful numbers of cells were extracted from all marrows. Morphological assessment of cytocentrifuge preparations of these cells gave a correct diagnosis in 23 (60%) of cases compared with 27 (70%) for the corresponding aspirated marrow smears. Phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry showed persistence of a range of surface membrane antigens following collagenase digestion. Increased autofluorescence was a problem in some cases. Cytochemistry, bone marrow culture, and cytogenetic analysis could also be carried out on these cells. It is concluded that this technique has useful diagnostic applications in cases of dry taps.
Photostable Self-Cleaning Cotton by a Copper(II) Porphyrin/TiO<sub>2</sub> Visible-Light Photocatalytic System (2013)

Thin films of meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinato copper(II) (CuTCPP) in conjunction with anatase TiO2 have been formed on cotton fabric. Their self-cleaning properties have been investigated by conducting photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, coffee and wine stains under visible-light irradiation. CuTCPP/TiO2-coated cotton fabrics showed superior self-cleaning performance when compared to bare TiO2-coated cotton. Furthermore, CuTCPP/TiO2-coated fabrics showed significant photostability under visible-light as compared to free base TCPP/TiO2-coated fabrics. The fabrics were characterized by FESEM, XRD and UV-vis spectroscopy. An insight into the mechanistic aspects of the CuTCPP/TiO2 photocatalysis is also discussed. Visible-light driven self-cleaning cotton based on copper(II) porphyrin/TiO2 catalyst exhibits significant potential in terms of stability and reproducibility for self-cleaning applications.
Tunable Mesogens Based on Shape-Persistent Aromatic Oligoamides: From Lamellar, Columnar, to Nematic Liquid Crystalline Phase (2012)

Crescent aromatic oligoamides are shown to form thermotropic lamellar columnar, rectangular columnar, and discotic nematic mesophases according to structural variation, demonstrating their capability to serve as a new class of diverse mesogens of liquid crystals.
Strains in Si substrate induced by formation of Ge islands (2000)

Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements at different grazing angles for self-organized Ge dots grown on Si(001) are carried out by using synchrotron radiation as a light source. Deformation strains in the substrate underneath or surrounding the dots induced by formation of Ge quantum dots are investigated. Besides a tensile strain existing underneath the dots, a peak located at the higher angle side of Si(220) or Si(400) is observed for the first time, the origin of this peak is attributed to the near surface compressive strain in the peripheral substrate regions surrounding the Ge dots. This compressive strain corresponds to a -0.8% lattice constant change parallel to the interface.
Parallelism and the ARM instruction set architecture (2005)

Over the past few years, the ARM reduced-instruction-set computing (RISC) processor has evolved to offer a family of chips that range up to a full-blown multiprocessor. Embedded applications' demand for increasing levels of performance and the added efficiency of key new technologies has driven the ARM architecture's evolution. Throughout this evolutionary path, the ARM team has used a full range of techniques known to computer architecture for exploiting parallelism. The performance and efficiency methods that ARM uses include variable execution time, subword parallelism, digital signal processor-like operations, thread-level parallelism and exception handling, and multiprocessing. Leveraging parallelism on several levels, ARM's new chip designs could change how people access technology. With sales growing rapidly and more than 1.5 billion ARM processors already sold each year, software writers now have a huge range of markets in which their ARM code can be used.
Peptidase family U34 belongs to the superfamily of N‐terminal nucleophile hydrolases (2003)

Peptidase family U34 consists of enzymes with unclear catalytic mechanism, for instance, dipeptidase A from Lactobacillus helveticus. Using extensive sequence similarity searches, we infer that U34 family members are homologous to penicillin V acylases (PVA) and thus potentially adopt the N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) hydrolase fold. Comparative sequence and structural analysis reveals a cysteine as the catalytic nucleophile as well as other conserved residues important for catalysis. The PVA/U34 family is variable in sequence and exhibits great diversity in substrate specificity, to include enzymes such as choloyglycine hydrolases, acid ceramidases, isopenicillin N acyltransferases, and a subgroup of eukaryotic proteins with unclear function.
Path planning for minimal energy curves of constant length (2004)

In this paper we present a new path planning technique for a flexible wire. We first introduce a new parametrization designed to represent low-energy configurations. Based on this parametrization we can find curves that satisfy endpoint constraints. Next, we present three different techniques for minimizing energy within the self-motion manifold of the curve. We introduce a local planner to find smooth minimal energy deformations for these curves that can be used by a general path planning algorithm. Using a simplified model for obstacles, we can find minimal energy curves of fixed length that pass through specified tangents at given control points. Finally, we show that the parametrization introduced in this paper is a good approximation of true minimal energy curves. Our work has applications in surgical suturing and snake-like robots.
Scalability of fully-depleted SOI technology into 0.13 μm 1.2 V-1 V CMOS generation (2003)

Scalability of SOI technology into 0.13 /spl mu/m 1.2 V CMOS has been demonstrated for partially-depleted (PD) devices (Leobandung et al., 1998). Propagation delay versus active power can be greatly reduced by using fully-depleted (FD) devices, because threshold voltage (V/sub t/) and junction capacitance (increased by halo implant in case of bulk and PD devices) are lower. However, this advantage is possible only if transconductance is not degraded by high S/D resistance and if SCE and DIBL are well controlled, essentially by reducing silicon thickness. Furthermore, sensitivity of electrical parameters to silicon thickness (tsi) for FD devices is often mentioned as a critical process issue due to SOI substrate thickness nonuniformity. In this paper, we show (with both 2D simulations and measurements) that V/sub t/ control can be improved by a low energy S/D implant for enhancement-mode (EM) devices. S/D resistance can also be maintained at a low enough level by using a recessed-channel process, which allows the proper reduction of tsi exactly under the gate (Raynaud et al., 1998). Using a TiSi/sub 2/ salicide process on gate and elevated S/D regions, we have measured a maximum oscillation frequency f/sub max/ of 48 GHz at 0.9 V for 0.25 /spl mu/m NMOS. Finally, we show that, due to a balance between different physical effects, the distribution of critical parameters for digital applications (saturation and off currents, propagation delay and power consumption) is not degraded by silicon thickness nonuniformity.
T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma shows transcriptional features suggestive of a tolerogenic host immune response (2009)

The gene expression profile of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma, in comparison with that of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma, shows features suggestive of a distinct tolerogenic host immune response that may play a key role in the aggressive behavior of this lymphoma, and that may serve as a potential target for future therapy.
Lossy Ferrite Core-Dielectric Shell Structure for Miniature GHz Axial-Mode Helical Antenna (2019)

A lossy ferrite core/dielectric shell structure effectively miniaturizes an axial-mode helical antenna (AM-HA) without sacrificing the antenna gain in the range of 2.85–3.45 GHz. Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Z hexaferrite-glass composite was used as an inner core and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene as an outer shell. The volume of the AM-HA was reduced by 29% while maintaining realized gain of 9.0 dBic, compared to air-core AM-HA. The simulation also confirmed that further miniaturization of the AM-HA up to 43% is achievable with a slight decrease in realized gain from 9 to 8.7 dBic. The designed magnetic core/dielectric shell structure offers a vast selection of lossy ferrite for miniaturization of the AM-HA.
Multi-hop relay for next-generation wireless access networks (2009)

Recently, there has been an upsurge of interest in multi-hop relay in both academia and industry. By breaking a long distance low quality link into two or more high quality segments, multi-hop relay is introduced to enable traffic/signaling forwarding between the base station and mobile user. Coverage is effectively extended to heavily shadowed areas in the cell or other distant areas beyond cell range by multi-hop relay. Meanwhile, it also provides throughput enhancement, especially at the cell edge. This paper first reviews the key technical advances with multi-hop relay in cellular networks. Then, novel technical solutions and algorithms for multi-hop relay are introduced and analyzed, including the separation of control and data, effective signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)-based routing algorithms, and cooperative relay schemes. Through extensive system-level and link-level simulations, we present improvements in both capacity and coverage in multi-hop relay networks compared to the legacy cellular network.
Naphthyl and Thionaphthyl End‐Capped Oligothiophenes as Organic Semiconductors: Effect of Chain Length and End‐Capping Groups (2007)

Abstract Two series of oligothiophenes (OThs), NaTn and TNTn ( n = 2–6 represents the number of thiophene rings), end‐capped with naphthyl and thionaphthyl units have been synthesized by means of Stille coupling. Their thermal properties, optical properties, single crystal structures, and organic field‐effect transistor performance have been characterized. All oligomers display great thermal stability and crystallinity. The crystallographic structures of NaT2 , NaT3 , TNT2 , and TNT3 have been determined. The crystals of NaT2 and NaT3 are monoclinic with space group P 2 1 / C , while those of TNT2 and TNT3 are triclinic and orthorhombic with space groups P and P 2 1 2 1 2 1 , respectively. All oligomers adopt the well‐known herringbone packing‐mode in crystals with packing parameters dependent on the structure of the end‐capping units and the number of thiophene rings. The shorter intermolecular distance in NaT3 compared to NaT2 indicates that the intermolecular interaction principally increases with increasing molecular length. X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization indicate that the NaTn oligomers can form films with better morphology and high molecular order than TNTn oligomers with the same number of thiophene rings. The NaTn oligomers exhibit mobilities that are much higher than those for TNTn oligomers (0.028–0.39 cm 2 V –1 s –1 versus 0.010–0.055 cm 2 V –1 s –1 , respectively). In particular, the NaTn oligomers with n = 4–6 all show a mobility higher than 0.1 cm 2 V –1 s –1 . This device performance is among the best in aryl end‐capped OThs, and indicates that naphthyl is an effectual building block for designing high‐performance organic semiconducting materials.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,5-Dialkyl-3,5-dihydro-3,5-diphenyl-4<i>H</i>-pyrazol-4-ones (2005)

We report stereoselective five-step syntheses of cis-3-ethyl-3,5-dihydro-3,5-diphenyl-5-methyl-4H-pyrazol-4-one (cis-1b) and trans-3,5-diethyl-3,5-dihydro-3,5-diphenyl-4H-pyrazol-4-one (trans-1c). The key synthon was 1,3-diphenylpent-2-en-1-one (5b) synthesized in a new one-pot crossed aldol/dehydration reaction of acetophenone with propiophenone using titanium(IV) chloride/tributylamine, followed by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine.
What Strategy Do Less Proficient Learners Employ in Listening Comprehension?: A Reappraisal of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing. (2001)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the listening process of less proficient Japanese EFL learners. Specifically, it focuses on whether they tend to rely on bottom-up or on top-down processing, on which opinions are divided among researchers. In order to answer the question, four short passages were prepared and two different measures were taken: the idea unit analysis and the analysis by local and global question type. Participants included 91 university students (80 male and II female) in Tokyo. The results obtained indicate that the less proficient the listeners become, the more they tend to rely on bottom-up processing. It is assumed that the participants were not able to activate more cognitively demanding skills (top-down processing), simply because they preoccupy themselves with extracting information from the text instead of focusing globally on the whole story.
Speaker Identification and Verification by Combining MFCC and Phase Information (2011)

In conventional speaker recognition methods based on Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), phase information has hitherto been ignored. In this paper, we propose a phase information extraction method that normalizes the change variation in the phase according to the frame position of the input speech and combines the phase information with MFCCs in text-independent speaker identification and verification methods. There is a problem with the original phase information extraction method when comparing two phase values. For example, the difference in the two values of π-\mathtildeθ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and \mathtildeθ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> =-π+\mathtildeθ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> is 2π-2\mathtildeθ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> . If \mathtildeθ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ≈ 0, then the difference ≈ 2π, despite the two phases being very similar to one another. To address this problem, we map the phase into coordinates on a unit circle. Speaker identification and verification experiments are performed using the NTT database which consists of sentences uttered by 35 (22 male and 13 female) Japanese speakers with normal, fast and slow speaking modes during five sessions. Although the phase information-based method performs worse than the MFCC-based method, it augments the MFCC and the combination is useful for speaker recognition. The proposed modified phase information is more robust than the original phase information for all speaking modes. By integrating the modified phase information with the MFCCs, the speaker identification rate was improved to 98.8% from 97.4% (MFCC), and equal error rate for speaker verification was reduced to 0.45% from 0.72% (MFCC), respectively. We also conducted the speaker identification and verification experiments on a large-scale Japanese Newspaper Article Sentences (JNAS) database, a similar trend as NTT database was obtained.
Synthesis of Modified Peptidoglycan Precursor Analogues for the Inhibition of Glycosyltransferase (2012)

The peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (GTs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the polymerization of glycan chains of the bacterial cell wall from lipid II and thus constitute a validated antibacterial target. Their enzymatic cavity is composed of a donor site for the growing glycan chain (where the inhibitor moenomycin binds) and an acceptor site for lipid II substrate. In order to find lead inhibitors able to fill this large active site, we have synthesized a series of substrate analogues of lipid I and lipid II with variations in the lipid, the pyrophosphate, and the peptide moieties and evaluated their biological effect on the GT activity of E. coli PBP1b and their antibacterial potential. We found several compounds able to inhibit the GT activity in vitro and cause growth defect in Bacillus subtilis . The more active was C16-phosphoglycerate-MurNAc-(L-Ala-D-Glu)-GlcNAc, which also showed antibacterial activity. These molecules are promising leads for the design of new antibacterial GT inhibitors.
An Improved Method for Rapid and Accurate Scanning of Fibers on Tape (1981)

Abstract The use of adhesive tape to remove fibers transferred during contact between garments in criminal cases is standard forensic science practice. Problems associated with the recovery of “suspect” fibers from these tape strips are discussed. An aid to searching is suggested that eliminates these problems and provides an effective, accurate, and time-saving method for dealing with this routine task. It also allows more accurate quantitation of various fiber types present on tapes.
Identification of second harmonic optical effects from vaccine coated gold microparticles (2004)

This study investigates the optical effects observed from uncoated and protein vaccine coated gold microparticles while imaging with two-photon excitation in the Mie scattering regime. When observed with time correlated single photon counting fluorescence lifetime microscopy, the emission from the gold microparticles appeared as an intense instrument-limited temporal response. The intensity of the emission showed a second-order dependence on the laser power and frequency doubling of the emitted light was observed for fundamental light between 890 and 970 nm. The optical effect was attributed to two-photon induced second harmonic generation. The vaccine coated gold microparticles had a much weaker second harmonic signal than the uncoated gold microparticles. Chemical analysis of the surface of the gold microparticles revealed that the vaccine coating decreases the surface charge thereby diminishing the observed second harmonic signal. These optical properties can be exploited to identify both the location of the protein vaccine coating as well as the gold microparticles in vitro and potentially to investigate the vaccine delivery kinetics in vivo.
Copper Waveguide Cavities With Reduced Surface Loss for Coupling to Superconducting Qubits (2014)

Significant improvements in superconducting qubit coherence times have been achieved recently with 3-D microwave waveguide cavities coupled to transmon qubits. While many of the measurements in this direction have utilized superconducting aluminum cavities, other recent work has involved qubits coupled to copper cavities with coherence times approaching 0.1 ms. The copper provides a good path for thermalizing the cavity walls and qubit chip, although the substantial cavity loss makes conventional dispersive qubit measurements challenging. We are exploring various approaches for improving the quality factor of 3-D copper cavities, including electropolishing and coating with superconducting layers of tin. We have characterized these cavities on multiple cooldowns and found tin plating to be robust. In addition, we have performed coherence measurements on transmon qubits in these cavities and observed promising performance.
Generating Differentially Private Datasets Using GANs (2018)

In this paper, we present a technique for generating artificial datasets that retain statistical properties of the real data while providing differential privacy guarantees with respect to this data. We include a Gaussian noise layer in the discriminator of a generative adversarial network to make the output and the gradients differentially private with respect to the training data, and then use the generator component to synthesise privacy-preserving artificial dataset. Our experiments show that under a reasonably small privacy budget we are able to generate data of high quality and successfully train machine learning models on this artificial data.
RNA structure probing <i>dash seq</i> (2011)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.