gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creep Rupture Ductility of Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels (2010)

Creep rupture strength and ductility of Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic steels of Grades 23, 91, 92 and 122 was investigated with particular emphasis on remarkable drop in the long-term. Large difference in creep rupture strength and ductility was observed on three heats of Grade 23 steels. Remarkable drop of creep rupture strength in the long-term of T91 was comparable to those of Grades 92 and 122. Remarkable drop in creep rupture ductility in a stress regime below 50% of 0.2% offset yield stress was observed on Grade T23 steel, however, that of Grade P23 steel did not indicate any degradation of creep rupture ductility. Higher creep rupture ductility of Grade P23 steel was considered to be caused by its lower creep strength than that of T23 steels. Creep rupture ductility of Grades 92 and 122 steels indicated rapid and drastic decrease with decrease in stress at 50% of 0.2% offset yield stress. Stress dependence of creep rupture ductility of Grades 92 and 122 steels was well described by a ratio of stress to 0.2% offset yield stress, regardless of temperature. On the other hand, large drop in creep rupture ductility of Grade 91 steel was observed only in the very low stress regime at 650°C. Alloying elements including impurities and changes in precipitates may influence on creep rupture ductility, however, remarkable drop in ductility of the steels cannot be explained by chemical composition and precipitates. High ductility in the high stress regime above 50% of 0.2% offset yield stress should be provided by easy plastic deformation, and it has been concluded that a remarkable drop in ductility in the low stress regime is derived from a concentration of creep deformation into a tiny recovered region formed at the vicinity of grain boundary.
Human p53‐p51 (p53‐Related) Fusion Protein: A Potent <i>BAX</i> Transactivator (1999)

We recently discovered human p51, a new gene structurally and functionally related to human p53. This gene encodes two major splicing variants, p51A and p51B, which differ in their carboxyl-terminal structure. However, p51A shows strong transactivation potential, while p51B has only weak potential. To clarify the reason for this difference, we made chimeric gene constructs expressing fusion proteins of p53-p51A and p53-p51B, having an N-terminus of p53 and a C-terminus of p51A or p51B, respectively. In a BAX promoter-luciferase assay using p53-deficient SAOS-2 cells, they exhibited up to 30-fold stronger transactivation potential than p53 and p51A themselves, suggesting that the C-terminus of p51B does not simply serve as a repressor. We obtained similar results with p21WAF1 promoter-reporter plasmids. These chimeras will be valuable tools for gene therapy.
Restoration of fertility in infertile mice by transplantation of cryopreserved male germline stem cells (2003)

This first successful application of frozen stem cell technology in the production of offspring by spermatogonial transplantation suggests the superiority of immature recipients for clinical applications. Thus, the combination of cryopreservation and transplantation of stem cells is a promising approach to overcome male infertility.
New quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis and biological activity of 7-(3,3- or 3,4-disubstituted-1-pyrrolidinyl)quinoline-3-carboxylic acids (1990)

A series of 7-(3-amino- or 3-aminomethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-o xo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids was synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. Unique to these quinolones was the presence of a methyl or phenyl group in the pyrrolidine ring. Although the in vitro activity of these agents was usually equal to or less than that of their unsubstituted counterparts, one quinolone, 7-[3-(aminomethyl)-3-methyl-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1-cyclopropyl-6,8-difluoro-1 ,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, displayed exceptional potency both in vitro and in vivo, particularly against Gram-positive organisms.
Computerized Mastery Testing With Nonequivalent Testlets (1992)

A procedure for determining the effect of testlet nonequivalence on the operating characteristics of a testlet-based computerized mastery test (CMT) is introduced. The procedure involves estimating the CMT decision rule twice—once with testlets treated as equivalent and once with testlets treated as nonequivalent. In the equivalent testlet mode, the likelihood functions (LFS) estimated for specific number-correct (NC) scores are assumed to be con stant across testlets and a single set of cutscores is estimated for all testlets. In the nonequivalent testlet mode, the LFS estimated for specific NC scores are allowed to vary from one testlet to another and a different set of cutscores is estimated for each permutation of testlet presentation order. Small differences between the estimated operating characteristics of the equivalent testlet decision rule and the nonequivalent testlet decision rule indicate that the assumption of equivalent testlets was war ranted. This procedure is demonstrated with data from the Architect Registration Examination.
In Vitro Maintenance of Spermatogenesis in Xenopus Laevis Testis Explants Cultured in Serum-Free Media1 (1987)

Spermatogenesis has been maintained for extended periods in Xenopus laevis testis explants cultured in serum-free media supplemented with bovine serum albumin, insulin, transferrin, follicle-stimulating hormone, dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, retinol, ascorbate, and tocopherol. The organization of the testis fragments was maintained for 28 days, and all stages of development were present throughout the culture period. 3H-Thymidine-labeled secondary (Type B) spermatogonia developed in 28 days into spermatids at the acrosomal vesicle stage whereas labeled zygotene spermatocytes became mature spermatids in 28 days. Spermatogonial proliferation also continued in vitro for 28 days. Germ cell differentiation was not dependent upon exogenous testosterone, ascorbate, or tocopherol since 3H-labeled spermatogonia became mature spermatids in testes cultured 35 days in media lacking these supplements. Autoradiography demonstrated that 55% of the luminal sperm present in explants cultured 10 days had differentiated in vitro. Sperm from testes cultured 10-35 days were similar to sperm from freshly dissected testes with regard to motility and fecundity, and eggs fertilized with sperm from explant cultures developed normally into swimming tadpoles. The results demonstrate the feasibility of maintaining vertebrate spermatogenesis in culture and suggest that in vitro analysis of Xenopus spermatogenesis using defined media may provide important insights into the evolution of regulatory mechanisms in spermatogenesis.
Direct Actions of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor on Human Neuronal and Monocytic Cell Lines (P1.242) (2014)

Objective: The aim of the study was to elucidate cellular mechanism(s) of G-CSF action by direct application to neuronal and monocytic cell lines. Background: Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration produces beneficial effects in rodent models of stroke, trauma and neurodegenerative diseases by acting on both bone marrow-derived and neuronal cells. Methods: Cell culture models of monocytes (THP-1) and neurons (SH-SY5Y) cells were incubated with G-CSF. The following parameters were measured: G-CSF receptor binding kinetics; DNA synthesis; signal transduction, in particular expression of alternatively spliced protein kinase C (PKCδVIII) and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2; changes in adhesiveness and migratory properties induced by G-CSF in the monocytic cells. Results: G-CSF receptor binding kinetics in the two lines differed, with Kd in the neuronal line being significantly higher than that of the monocytic cells. Despite higher affinity of G-CSF for receptors on the monocytic cells, G-CSF treatment increased Bcl- 2 expression in the neuronal line at lower concentrations than that required in the monocytic cell line. G-CSF did not increase either cellular adhesiveness or migration through a semi-permeable membrane, whereas monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP- 1) significantly improved migration. Conclusions: The cellular and molecular responses to G-CSF treatment of monocytic cells suggest that neither changes in adhesiveness nor migratory capacity are responsible for the beneficial effects of G-CSF administration in models of neurologic diseases. G-CSF induction of anti-apoptotic signaling in neurons is an important component of its neuroprotective effects in models of brain injury.
MFAP4 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Migration, Proliferation and Accelerates Neointima Formation (2015)

MFAP4 regulates integrin αVβ3-induced VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as monocyte chemotaxis, and accelerates neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury.
Continuous Catalytic Conversion of Acetylene to Higher Hydrocarbons over a Metal Modified Shape Selective Zeolite Catalyst (1993)

This paper describes the catalytic conversion of C2H2 to higher hydrocarbons. The continuous conversion of C2H2 is achieved using a bifunctional nickel modified ZSM-5 shape selective zeolite catalyst which combines catalytic activity of the added Ni with the acidic/shape selectivity properties of the ZSM-5. Additionally, the successful conversion process requires the addition of an added reactant (e.g., H2O) to the C2H2 stream. Dependent on reaction conditions employed, significant variations in the hydrocarbon product distributions are observed with respect to the relative amounts of paraffins, olefins and aromatics produced. Evidence is obtained for the intermediate formation of CH3CHO (i.e., from C2H2 + H2O) which is believed to react further with C2H2 to provide the hydrocarbon plus CO product yields observed.
Conversion of Solid Carbonaceous Fuels in a Fluidized Bed Fuel Cell (2007)

A fluidized bed direct carbon fuel cell was employed to achieve direct conversion of solid fuels into electricity. Power was generated from pulverized Lower Kittanning (bituminous) coal, synthetic carbon, and biomass in a single process step. Current-voltage characteristics exhibited typical fuel cell behavior. Fluidization in flowing overcomes the difficulty of attaining solid fuel-to-anode contact and generates CO in situ via the Boudouard reaction. A mechanistic reaction pathway is proposed for anodic oxidation of the solid fuel. Conversion was verified by gas analysis of oxidation products in the flue stream and by oxygen mass balance.
Wide field-of-view lens-free fluorescent imaging on a chip (2010)

We demonstrate an on-chip fluorescent detection platform that can simultaneously image fluorescent micro-objects or labeled cells over an ultra-large field-of-view of 2.5 cm x 3.5 cm without the use of any lenses, thin-film filters and mechanical scanners. Such a wide field-of-view lensless fluorescent imaging modality, despite its limited resolution, might be very important for high-throughput screening applications as well as for detection and counting of rare cells within large-area microfluidic devices.
Optimized timing error detector for DS-CDMA applications in multipath scenarios (2002)

An extension to the timing error detector (TED) for timing/code tracking loops used inside RAKE receivers in CDMA systems is presented. In contrast to the conventional TED, it is well suited for the case of multipath propagation channels. In order to accomplish this task, the conventional early-late TED is replaced by an FIR filter which is optimized for the instantaneous multipath scenario. This optimization minimizes the overall distortions inside the timing tracking loop of each of the fingers of the RAKE receiver. The filter coefficients are calculated using the knowledge on the relative delays of all paths and their respective powers. An optimization becomes necessary whenever closely spaced paths have to be tracked. This fact makes this algorithm a favorable candidate for indoor scenarios where individual paths can be spaced even more closely than one chip. The performance of the scheme is assessed by means of simulation.
Developing an Acidic Residue Reactive and Sulfoxide-Containing MS-Cleavable Homobifunctional Cross-Linker for Probing Protein–Protein Interactions (2016)

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has become a powerful strategy for defining protein-protein interactions and elucidating architectures of large protein complexes. However, one of the inherent challenges in MS analysis of cross-linked peptides is their unambiguous identification. To facilitate this process, we have previously developed a series of amine-reactive sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable cross-linkers. These MS-cleavable reagents have allowed us to establish a common robust XL-MS workflow that enables fast and accurate identification of cross-linked peptides using multistage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)). Although amine-reactive reagents targeting lysine residues have been successful, it remains difficult to characterize protein interaction interfaces with little or no lysine residues. To expand the coverage of protein interaction regions, we present here the development of a new acidic residue-targeting sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable homobifunctional cross-linker, dihydrazide sulfoxide (DHSO). We demonstrate that DHSO cross-linked peptides display the same predictable and characteristic fragmentation pattern during collision induced dissociation as amine-reactive sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable cross-linked peptides, thus permitting their simplified analysis and unambiguous identification by MS(n). Additionally, we show that DHSO can provide complementary data to amine-reactive reagents. Collectively, this work not only enlarges the range of the application of XL-MS approaches but also further demonstrates the robustness and applicability of sulfoxide-based MS-cleavability in conjunction with various cross-linking chemistries.
Optimization of fire blocking layers for aircraft seating (1982)

Ablative materials are used to provide thermal protection for heat sensitive substrates against large jet fuel fires. The present investigation is concerned with the possibility to increase the available egress time for passengers, from a transport aircraft, in which the flexible polyurethane seating is exposed to the action of a large pool fire. Suitable approaches for providing sufficient ablative protection for polyurethane cushioning are considered. The efficiency of any fire blocking layer is defined as the ratio of the incident radiant heating rate, to the rate of production of combustible gas produced per unit area per second, generated by the pyrolysis of the substrate polyurethane foam. It is found that adequate fire blocking protection can be achieved through replacement of cotton batting slip covers with a wide variety of fire blocking layers. Metallized high temperature resistant char forming ablatives appear to provide optimum protection.
State-Trajectory Control With Single-Cycle Response for Point-of-Load Converters (2019)

A popular variable-frequency control used for point-of-load (POL) converter application is the constant on-time (COT) control. COT control is able to improve light-load efficiency and reduce the amount of output capacitors with high-bandwidth designs, but the transient response of COT control is limited by the fixed on-time nature of the control. In this paper, a state-trajectory-based control with single-cycle transient response is proposed for POL converters. With the proposed control, the converter will follow the natural state trajectory of the converter for the duration of the detected load step-up transient, which can ensure a very fast transient response. Experimental results are presented to not only demonstrate the proposed idea but also the control's ability to further reduce the amount of output capacitors and save board footprint.
THE SYNERGISTIC SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF RADIUM FROM ALKALINE NITRATE MEDIA BY DICYCLOHEXANO-21-CROWN-7 COMBINED WITH 2-METHYL-2-HEPTYL NONANOIC ACID EQUtUBRIUM REACTIONS AND METAL ION COMPETITION∗ (1989)

ABSTRACT The equilibria in the solvent extraction of radium from aqueous sodium nitrate/sodium hydroxide solutions by toluene solutions of dicyclohexano-21-crown-7 (DC21C7). 2-methyl-2-heptylnonanioc acid (HMHN). and mixtures of the two reagents are examined. The mixed reagents are synergistic in the extraction of radium and selective for radium over other alkali and alkaline earth elements. The dependencies of the extraction on pH and reagent concentration were utilized in computer modeling to estimate the stochiometry of the extracted complexes and equilibria involved the extraction. Three organic-phase species were identified in the extraction under basic (pH 11-13) conditions. With A = MHN−. B = DC21C7 and assuming NaA is a 10-fold aggregate they are. RaA2B.NaA. Log K = 3.57: RaA NaA. Log K = 0.99: and B 2NaA. Log K = − 0.41. The effect of the presence of various concentrations of sodium
In situ Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Graphene Composite Gel Electrolytes for Highly Stable Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2015)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with long-term stability are produced using polymer-gel electrolytes (PGEs). In this study, we introduce the formation of PGEs using in situ gelation with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles and graphene fillers that are pre-deposited on the counter electrodes. We obtain a high concentration PMMA-based PGEs (i.e., over 10 wt%). A DSC composed of a PMMA/graphene composite PGEs exhibits an 8.49% photon-to-electric conversion efficiency, which is comparable to conventional liquid electrolyte DSCs. This finding is attributed to increased ion diffusivity and conductivity of the PMMA-based PGEs resulting from the incorporation of graphene nanofillers. The PMMA-based PGE DSCs exhibit highly stable long-term efficiencies, maintaining up to 90% of their initial efficiency during thermal soaking, whereas the efficiencies of liquid electrolyte cells decrease significantly, by up to 60%.
Quadrant Avalanche Photodiode. (1981)

Abstract : This document describes a quadrant avalanche photodiode with large surface areas is made using photolithographic planar technology. The use of proton bombardment creates semi-insulating material around the quadrants. Semiinsulating material prevents cross-talk between quadrants. The Schottky barrier quadrant detectors were fabricated using GaAs(1-x) Sb(x) ternary alloys grown epitaxially on heavily doped GaAs substrates.
High-Brightness and Continuously Tunable Terahertz-Wave Generation (2018)

One of the interesting frequency regions lies in the “frequency gap” region between millimeter wave and infrared, terahertz (THz) wave. Although new methods for generating terahertz radiation have been developed, most sources cannot generate high-brightness (high-peak-power and narrow-linewidth) and continuously tunable terahertz waves. Here, we introduce the generation of high-brightness and continuously tunable terahertz waves using parametric wavelength conversion in a nonlinear crystal; this is brighter than many specialized sources such as far-infrared free-electron lasers. We revealed novel optical parametric wavelength conversion using stimulated Raman scattering in lithium niobate as a nonlinear crystal without stimulated Brillouin scattering using recently developed microchip Nd:YAG laser. Furthermore, we show how to optimize the tuning curve by controlling the pumping and seeding beam. These are very promising for extending applied research into the terahertz region, and we expect that this source will open up new research fields such as nonlinear optics in the terahertz region
Influence of Initial Condition on Wandering Spur Pattern in a MASH-Based Fractional-<i>N</i> Frequency Synthesizer (2020)

A Multi-stAge noiSe sHaping Digital Delta-Sigma Modulator (MASH DDSM) is commonly employed as the divider controller in a fractional-N frequency synthesizer. Previous work has considered a time-varying pattern of spurious tones, called wandering spurs, which originate in the DDSM. Two cases have been considered, namely when the fractional part of the division ratio is (i) close to zero or (ii) close to a simple fraction. In both cases, the wandering spur pattern is independent of the initial state of the modulator. This brief considers a third case where the pattern of wandering spurs depends explicitly on the initial state. The phenomenon is explained analytically and simulation results are presented. Theoretical predictions are confirmed with spectral measurements from a representative commercial monolithic fractional-N frequency synthesizer.
High-power and single-frequency quantum cascade lasers for gas sensing (2004)

The quantum cascade laser is an unipolar semiconductor laser source emitting in the mid-infrared range between 3.5 and 25 μm. During the past ten years after their invention, this technology has reached the level of maturity required for commercialization, and QC lasers have thus become very attractive for a large number of applications, including gas sensing, pollution detection, atmospheric chemistry, detection of compounds, non-invasive medical diagnostics, free-space optical data transmission or even LIDAR. Most common requirements are single-mode operation on thermoelectric cooler, high power and/or continuous-wave. Nowadays several high-power single-mode QC lasers are available at Alpes Lasers in the range from 4.3 to 16.5 μm, with a side-mode suppression ratio larger than 30 dB. We present here a specific high-average power Fabry-Perot quantum cascade laser and a distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser operating near 8 μm.
EFab domain substitution as a solution to the light-chain pairing problem of bispecific antibodies (2018)

Bispecific antibody therapeutics can expand the functionality of a conventional monoclonal antibody drug because they can bind multiple antigens. However, their great potential is counterbalanced by the challenges faced in their production. The classic asymmetric bispecific containing an Fc requires the expression of four unique chains - two light chains and two heavy chains; each light chain must pair with its correct heavy chain, which then must heterodimerize to form the full bispecific. The light-chain pairing problem has several solutions, some of which require engineering and optimization for each bispecific pair. Here, we introduce a technology called EFab Domain Substitution, which replaces the Cε2 of IgE for one of the CL/CH1 domains into one arm of an asymmetric bispecific to encourage the correct pairing of the light chains. EFab Domain Substitution provides very robust correct pairing while maintaining antibody function and is effective for many variable domains. We report its effect on the biophysical properties of an antibody and the crystal structure of the EFab domain substituted into the adalimumab Fab (PDB ID 6CR1).