gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alignment of retention time obtained from multicapillary column gas chromatography used for VOC analysis with ion mobility spectrometry (2010)

Multicapillary column (MCC) ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) are increasingly in demand for medical diagnosis, biological applications and process control. In a MCC-IMS, volatile compounds are differentiated by specific retention time and ion mobility when rapid preseparation techniques are applied, e.g. for the analysis of complex and humid samples. Therefore, high accuracy in the determination of both parameters is required for reliable identification of the signals. The retention time in the MCC is the subject of the present investigation because, for such columns, small deviations in temperature and flow velocity may cause significant changes in retention time. Therefore, a universal correction procedure would be a helpful tool to increase the accuracy of the data obtained from a gas-chromatographic preseparation. Although the effect of the carrier gas flow velocity and temperature on retention time is not linear, it could be demonstrated that a linear alignment can compensate for the changes in retention time due to common minor deviations of both the carrier gas flow velocity and the column temperature around the MCC-IMS standard operation conditions. Therefore, an effective linear alignment procedure for the correction of those deviations has been developed from the analyses of defined gas mixtures under various experimental conditions. This procedure was then applied to data sets generated from real breath analyses obtained in clinical studies using different instruments at different measuring sites for validation. The variation in the retention time of known signals, especially for compounds with higher retention times, was significantly improved. The alignment of the retention time--an indispensable procedure to achieve a more precise identification of analytes--using the proposed method reduces the random error caused by small accidental deviations in column temperature and flow velocity significantly.
A 60GHz Radio Chipset Fully-Integrated in a Low-Cost Packaging Technology (2006)

We present a cost-effective plastic packaging technology for a fully-integrated 60GHz radio, used for communication in the 60GHz ISM band. The chipset supports 1-3 Gbps directional links using a ASK or PSK modulation, or it can be used in 500Mbps-1Gbps omni-directional links using an OFDM modulation. The antenna is integrated inside of the package and does not require any high-frequency external connection. The fabrication process of a direct-chip-attach (DCA) and surface mountable land-grid-array (LGA) package technology is presented. Both packages are robust against variations of the electrical properties of standard plastic mold materials
A Brain to Spine Interface for Transferring Artificial Sensory Information (2020)

Lack of sensory feedback is a major obstacle in the rapid absorption of prosthetic devices by the brain. While electrical stimulation of cortical and subcortical structures provides unique means to deliver sensory information to higher brain structures, these approaches require highly invasive surgery and are dependent on accurate targeting of brain structures. Here, we propose a semi-invasive method, Dorsal Column Stimulation (DCS) as a tool for transferring sensory information to the brain. Using this new approach, we show that rats can learn to discriminate artificial sensations generated by DCS and that DCS-induced learning results in corticostriatal plasticity. We also demonstrate a proof of concept brain-to-spine interface (BTSI), whereby tactile and artificial sensory information are decoded from the brain of an "encoder" rat, transformed into DCS pulses, and delivered to the spinal cord of a second "decoder" rat while the latter performs an analog-to-digital conversion during a sensory discrimination task. These results suggest that DCS can be used as an effective sensory channel to transmit prosthetic information to the brain or between brains, and could be developed as a novel platform for delivering tactile and proprioceptive feedback in clinical applications of brain-machine interfaces.
An investigation of the thermal stability of the interfacial oxide in polycrystalline silicon emitter bipolar transistors by comparing device results with high-resolution electron microscopy observations (1987)

A comparison is made between the results of high-resolution electron microscope observations and the electrical characteristics of polycrystalline silicon emitter bipolar transistors. Devices are fabricated with and without a deliberately grown interfacial oxide layer, and the thermal stability of this oxide layer is investigated by carrying out a preanneal at temperatures between 800 and 1100 °C after polysilicon deposition, but prior to emitter implant and 900 °C drive-in. The electron microscope observations show that the deliberately grown interfacial oxide is of uniform thickness ∼14 Å, but breaks up when annealed at ∼950 °C and above, with ‘‘balling-up’’ occurring at ∼1100 °C. This correlates with a transistor gain that decreases from ∼1400 to ∼40. The electron microscopy also shows that a thin interfacial oxide layer is present even when not deliberately grown. This oxide breaks up when annealed at ∼900 °C and above, with ‘‘balling-up’’ occurring at ∼1000 °C. This correlates with a transistor gain that decreases from ∼240 to ∼50. Calculations of the effect that such interfacial oxide layers will have on the characteristics of polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors are made, and these predictions correlate well with the measured characteristics.
Detrimental effect of modulation instability on distributed optical fiber sensors using stimulated Brillouin scattering (2005)

Modulation instability can limit the resolution and the range of distributed fibre sensors based on stimulated Brillouin scattering. In this paper we analyse this process and suggest adequate methods to overcome it.
Multi-camera parameter tracking (2001)

The quality of 3-D reconstructions with multi-camera acquisition systems is strongly influenced by the accuracy of the camera calibration procedure. In fact, when acquiring a long sequence of views, mechanical shocks, vibrations and thermal gradients could cause a significant drift of the camera parameters. The authors propose a method for tracking the camera parameters and, whenever possible, correcting them accordingly. This technique does not need any a priori knowledge or test objects to be positioned in the scene, as it exploits natural scene features. The approach is based on accurate detection, matching and back-projection of luminance corners and spots in the scene space. Such features are then tracked over time to detect unexpected parameter changes or drifts, and to apply corrections to them. Experimental results on real sequences are reported in order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed technique. It is shown that changes in the calibration parameter are correctly detected and, when this happens, the camera system can be re-calibrated with an accuracy that increases with the number of tracked feature points.
Severe Staphylococcal Sepsis in Adolescents in the Era of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

Severe staphylococcal infections in previously healthy adolescents without predisposing risk factors have presented more frequently at Texas Children's Hospital since September 2002. CA MRSA and clonally related CA MSSA characterized as USA300 and sequence type 8 have been isolated from these patients.
T2-dependent errors in MOLLI T1 values: simulations, phantoms, and in-vivo studies (2012)

Background Diffuse myocardial fibrosis occurs in various cardiomyopathies and can be indirectly assessed with blood and myocardial T1 mapping at baseline and after gadolinium administration. The widely used MOdified Look-Locker Inversion-recovery (MOLLI) [1] sequence is known to underestimate myocardial T1 at higher heart rates, but its dependence on T2 has not been explored. We investigate MOLLI’s T1 accuracy in phantoms and confirm with simulations and in-vivo studies. T1 values are further compared with a saturation-recovery T1 mapping sequence [2].
Modified ISFETs having an extended gate on the thick dielectric (2009)

Modified ISFETs having an extended gate on the thick dielectric has been developed to obtain the extremely high sensitivity. The capacitance of the extended gate is controlled to be very small via the thickness of the insulator layer so that it may be ignored when compared with the gate capacitance of the transistor. As the result, the gate voltage may be fully dependent on the surface charge of the extended gate. The surface immobilization of the monoclonal antibody of microalbumin (mab-MA) on the extended gate is confirmed by the specific binding test of modified Au nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in a high density Au nanoparticles of about 800 NPs/um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . When the microalbumin protein of 1 ng/ml on the mab-MA surface of the extended gate is injected, the extremely high sensitivity of 1800% is observed.
Cross-protective efficacy of dendritic cells targeting conserved influenza virus antigen expressed by Lactobacillus plantarum (2016)

Avian influenza virus (AIV) can infect birds and mammals, including humans, and are thus a serious threat to public health. Vaccination is vital for controlling AIV circulation. In this study, we generated a recombinant lactobacillus expressing the NP-M1-DCpep of H9N2 avian influenza virus and evaluated the activation effect of NC8-pSIP409-NP-M1-DCpep on dendritic cells (DCs) in a mouse model. The specific mucosal antibody responses and B and T cell responses in lymphoid tissues were also characterized. Importantly, we confirmed that specific CD8 T cells presented in vitro and antigen-specific cytotoxicity (activated the expression of CD107a) and in vivo antigen-specific cytotoxicity after vaccination. The adoptive transfer of NC8-pSIP409-NP-M1-DCpep-primed CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells into NOD-SCID mice resulted in effective protection against mouse-adapted AIV infection. In addition, we observed protection in immunized mice challenged with mouse-adapted H9N2 AIV and H1N1 influenza virus, as evidenced by reductions in the lung virus titers, improvements in lung pathology, and weight loss and complete survival. Our data are promising for the generation of effective, non-traditional influenza vaccines against AIVs.
White-light hydrotalcite-like compound emission from the incorporation of red-, green-, and blue-emitting metal complexes (2012)

A white-light hydrotalcite-like compound (Eu/Tb/Zn-HTlc) fabricated from Eu, Tb, and Zn complexes co-doped into magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite (MgAl-LDH) was prepared by a simple one-pot chemical method. The structural and luminescent properties of Eu/Tb/Zn-HTlc were investigated. Excited by 370 nm UV light, the simultaneous emission bands of this single-matrix material are located in the red, green, and blue regions, combined to give a pure white emission (CIE x = 0.346 and y = 0.3339). This research represents a new strategy for designing layered organic-inorganic hybrid materials for LED-pumped white light.
Asymmetric Hydrogenations (Nobel Lecture) Copyright© The Nobel Foundation 2002. We thank the Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, for permission to print this lecture. (2002)

The start of the development of catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation was the concept of replacing the triphenylphosphane ligand of the Wilkinson catalyst with a chiral ligand. With the new catalysts, it should be possible to hydrogenate prochiral olefins. Knowles and his co-workers were convinced that the phosphorus atom played a central role in this selectivity, as only chiral phosphorus ligands such as (R,R)-DIPAMP, whose stereogenic center lies directly on the phosphorus atom, lead to high enantiomeric excesses when used as catalysts in asymmetric hydrogenation reactions. This hypothesis was disproven by the development of ligands with chiral carbon backbones. Although the exact mechanism of action of the phosphane ligands is not incontrovertibly determined to this day, they provide a simple entry to a large number of chiral compounds.
Scoping Study on Research and Development Priorities for Distribution-System Phasor Measurement Units (2016)

This report addresses the potential use of phasor measurement units (PMUs) within electricity distribution systems, and was written to assess whether or not PMUs could provide significant benefit, at the national level. We analyze examples of present and emerging distribution-system issues related to reliability, integration of distributed energy resources, and the changing electrical characteristics of load. We find that PMUs offer important and irreplaceable advantages over present approaches. However, we also find that additional research and development for standards, testing and calibration, demonstration projects, and information sharing is needed to help industry capture these benefits.
An improved gate control scheme for snubberless operation of high power IGBTs (2002)

This paper proposes a new gate drive circuit for IGBTs which can actively suppress the voltage overshoot across the driven IGBT at turn-off and the voltage overshoot across the opposite IGBT at turn-on while preserving the most simple and reliable power circuit. The turn-off driving scheme has an adaptive feature to the amplitude of collector current, so that the overvoltage is limited much more effectively at the fault collector current. The turn-on scheme is used to decrease the rise rate of the collector current by increasing input capacitance during turn-on transients when the gate-emitter voltage is greater than the threshold voltage. Experimental results under various normal and fault conditions prove the effectiveness of the proposed circuit.
The modernisation of mental health day services: participatory action research exploring social networking (2010)

The modernisation of mental health day services has been shaped by concerns about the social exclusion of people with enduring mental health problems. Initiatives have emphasised the use of mainstream facilities and an individualised approach. In contrast, service users have sought to safeguard opportunities for peer support in safe places. This participatory action research brought together service users, staff and others involved, to explore how these different views could be transformed into modernised services. The research took place in an outer London borough from 2003‐2007, using varied methods to explore social networking, including a visual method, action research groups and individual interviews. The research was designed and adapted to enable the involvement of people with different capacities and interests. Each stage generated findings for local modernisation, pointing to the importance of a safe space, service user knowledge of social and recreational activities and how self‐help groups develop and thrive. The final reconfiguration of local services reflected these research outcomes. Credible and useful outcomes can be achieved from collaborative research, allowing time and creating opportunities to shape interpretations of policy. Emerging initiatives are more likely to reflect service user perspectives and receive their support.
[The status of the progeny of male rats subjected to low-dose external gamma irradiation exposure]. (1997)

In studies on 120 mature males of Wistar rats and 252 female rats of the same line, 20-day-old fetuses and 974 young rats of the first generation, anomalies of antenatal and postnatal development were found after exposure of spermatids and spermatozoa to gamma-radiation in doses 0.25-1.0 Gy. After exposure of male rats to radiation in dose 0.25 Gy, reliable delay of pelvic bone ossification was observed as compared to the control.
Potent Inhibitors of <i>Plasmodium</i> Phospholipid Metabolism with a Broad Spectrum of In Vitro Antimalarial Activities (2003)

We characterized the potent in vitro antimalarial activity and biologic assessment of 13 phospholipid polar head analogs on a comparative basis. There was a positive relationship between the abilities of the drugs to inhibit parasite growth in culture and their abilities to specifically inhibit phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Maximal activity of G25 was observed for the trophozoite stage of the 48-h erythrocytic cycle (50% inhibitory concentration, 0.75 nM), whereas the schizont and ring stages were 12- and 213-fold less susceptible. The compounds exerted a rapid nonreversible cytotoxic effect, with complete clearance of parasitemia after 5 h of contact with the mature stages. The compounds were highly specific against P. falciparum, with much lower toxicity against three other mammalian cell lines, and the in vitro therapeutic indices ranged from 300 to 2,500,000. Finally, the monoquaternary ammonium E10 and two bis-ammonium salts, G5 and G25, were similarly active against multiresistant strains and fresh isolates of P. falciparum. This impressive selective in vitro toxicity against P. falciparum strongly highlights the clinical potential of these quaternary ammonium salts for malarial chemotherapy.
Highly Sensitive and Wearable In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanoribbon Transistor Biosensors with Integrated On-Chip Gate for Glucose Monitoring in Body Fluids (2018)

Nanoribbon- and nanowire-based field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors have stimulated a lot of interest. However, most FET biosensors were achieved by using bulky Ag/AgCl electrodes or metal wire gates, which have prevented the biosensors from becoming truly wearable. Here, we demonstrate highly sensitive and conformal In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoribbon FET biosensors with a fully integrated on-chip gold side gate, which have been laminated onto various surfaces, such as artificial arms and watches, and have enabled glucose detection in various body fluids, such as sweat and saliva. The shadow-mask-fabricated devices show good electrical performance with gate voltage applied using a gold side gate electrode and through an aqueous electrolyte. The resulting transistors show mobilities of ∼22 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in 0.1× phosphate-buffered saline, a high on-off ratio (10<sup>5</sup>), and good mechanical robustness. With the electrodes functionalized with glucose oxidase, chitosan, and single-walled carbon nanotubes, the glucose sensors show a very wide detection range spanning at least 5 orders of magnitude and a detection limit down to 10 nM. Therefore, our high-performance In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoribbon sensing platform has great potential to work as indispensable components for wearable healthcare electronics.
Isotope labelling of macromolecules for structural determinations. (1997)

The combination of stable isotope labelling and advanced multinuclear NMR technologies has opened up new avenues for the structural determination of biological macromolecules.
Experimental and kinetic studies of coal–CO<sub>2</sub> gasification in isothermal and pressurized conditions (2017)

This study is to explicate the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of high-pressure char CO<sub>2</sub> gasification <italic>via</italic> a joint experimental and model simulation approach.
Manipulation of passivated gold clusters on graphite with the scanning tunneling microscope (1998)

Chemically passivated gold nanoclusters deposited on the surface of graphite have been manipulated with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in ultrahigh vacuum. The controlled clearing of a definite shape in a cluster layer is demonstrated. Clusters embedded in a close-packed array could not be removed from the surface, apparently because of the attractive interaction between neighboring ligand chains. A minority channel of cluster fragmentation has been identified and leads to the creation of platelets which can be further manipulated by the STM tip.
Nationwide real-time monitoring system for electrical quantities and power quality of the electricity transmission system (2011)

In this study, a nationwide real-time monitoring system has been developed to monitor all electrical quantities and power quality (PQ) parameters of the electricity transmission network including its interfaces with the generation and distribution systems. The implemented system is constituted of extended PQ analysers (PQ+ analysers), a national monitoring center for power quality (NMCPQ), and the PQ retrieval and analysis software suite. The PQ+ analyser is specifically designed for multipurpose usage such as event recording and raw data collection, in addition to the usual PQ analysis functions. The system has been designed to support up to 1000 PQ+ analysers, to make the electricity transmission system and its interfaces completely observable in the future. The remote monitoring, analysis and reporting interface, the map-based interface, and the real-time monitoring interface, as well as the Web applications run on the NMCPQ servers, can be accessed by the utility, large industrial plants, distribution companies and researchers, to the extent of the authorisation given by the transmission system operator. By activating sufficient number of analogue and digital outputs of PQ+ analysers, and equipping the NMCPQ with necessary hardware, analysis and decision making software, the proposed system can serve as an advanced supervisory control and data acquisition system in the future. The proposed monitoring concept can be extended to serve the needs of the modern electricity markets, by making various regulations, codes and instructions implementable.
WebRTC Forward Error Correction Requirements (2021)

This document provides information and requirements for how Forward
Error Correction (FEC) should be used by WebRTC implementations.
Erythromycin is a motilin receptor agonist (1989)

Erythromycin A (EMA) is a potent stimulator of gastrointestinal motor activity. In vitro studies suggest that it mimics motilin, a peptide that stimulates motor activity in human and in rabbit via smooth muscle receptors. We have compared the in vitro contractile effect of EMA and two derivatives, 8,9-anhydro-EMA-6,9-hemiketal (EM201) and EMA N-oxide, on rabbit duodenal smooth-muscle strips with their ability to displace iodinated motilin bound to crude smooth-muscle membrane fractions. The concentrations required to induce 50% of the maximum contractile response to a supramaximal dose of acetylcholine were 5.0 x 10(-8), 2.0 x 10(-6), and 1.0 x 10(-4) M for, respectively, EM201, EMA, and EMA N-oxide. The concentrations required to displace 50% of the labeled motilin were, in the same order, 1.0 x 10(-8), 1.3 x 10(-7), and 4.0 x 10(-6) M. Both parameters were well correlated. The dose-response curve of the EMA was parallel to that of motilin and the effects of motilin and EMA were additive. Contractions induced by EMA were insensitive to pretreatment with tetrodotoxin or atropine. EMA had no effect on muscle strips of rat or dog duodenum but did induce contractions in human strips. EMA was totally ineffective on ileal preparations, which are also unresponsive to motilin and in which motilin binding is absent. EMA has therefore the same regional and species specificity as motilin. We conclude that EMA is a motilin receptor agonist.
Skeletonization using SSM of the Distance Transform (2007)

This paper proposes a new approach for skeletonization based on the skeleton strength map (SSM) caculated by Euclidean distance transform of a binary image. After the distance transform and gradient are computed, isotropic diffusion is performed on the gradient vector field and the skeleton strength map is computed from the diffused vector field. A critical point set is then selected from local maxima of the SSM. The critical points are located on significant visual parts of the object. The skeleton is obtained by connecting the critical points with geodesic paths. This approach overcomes intrinsic drawbacks of distance transform based skeletons, since it yields stable and connected skeletons without losing significant visual parts.