gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal Analysis of Leaky Lamb Wave Spectra for NDE of Composites (1985)

A new way to analyze signals of leaky Lamb wave (LLW) spectra to perform nondestructive evaluation of fiber reinforced composite laminates has been investigated. Coupling to the Lamb waves is accomplished by mode conversion of an incident compressional wave in a fluid surrounding the plate, where a second transducer in the fluid detects the LLW. NDE applications of this excitation have been studied in graphite-epoxy plates using swept frequency RF tone bursts in the range of 0.5 to 10. MHz. To prevent insignificant spatial variations in either fiber volume fraction or plate thickness from obscuring the detection of important defects, a new scheme has been devised to analyze the ultrasonic reflection signals from the plate. Examples of two-transducer LLW C-scans of composite plates with seeded defects are presented, demonstrating improved discrimination and sensitivity of the new signal handling method.
A new approach to retinal tracking for image stabilization: initial results for the scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2000)

Imaging of the retina is an essential procedure in clinical diagnosis of disease, as well as in research to improve the understanding of ocular function. When the eye moves while retinal images are acquired or stimuli are presented, image quality and test accuracy suffer. Up to now, high-speed, low-cost, and direct retinal tracking technology has not been available. Research and development effort has been devoted largely to imaging enhancements, while no practical solution for the problem of retinal motion has been advanced. Physical Sciences Inc. has developed a new approach to direct retinal tracking. A fast, accurate analog retinal tracking device utilizes a very low power, eye-safe tracking beam that precisely locks onto small features of modest contrast. In the present work, a retinal tracking device was integrated into a scanning laser ophthalmoscope at the Schepens Eye Research Institute to stabilize the illumination raster on the retinas of human subjects. Stabilized fundus imaging was achieved for extended periods, despite the subjects' intentional eye movements.
Magnetic polymer nanocomposites for sensing applications (2014)

We report the fabrication and characterization of magnetic polymer nanocomposites for a wide range of sensing applications. The composites are made of magnetic nanowires (NWs) incorporated into polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or UV sensitive SU-8. The developed composites utilize the permanent magnetic behavior of the NWs, allowing remote operation without an additional magnetic field to magnetize the NWs, which simplifies miniaturization and integration in microsystems. In addition, the nanocomposite benefits from the easy patterning of the polymer leading to a corrosion resistant, highly elastic, and permanent magnetic material that can be used to develop highly sensitive systems. Nanocomposite pillars are realized and integrated on magnetic sensor elements to achieve highly sensitive and power efficient flow and tactile sensors. The developed flow sensor can detect air and water flow at a power consumption as little as 80 nW and a resolution up to 15 μm/s with easily modifiable performance. A tactile sensor element prototype is realized using the same concept, where a pressure range of 0-169 kPa is detected with a resolution of up to 1.3 kPa.
Toward Improved Therapy for Classic Galactosemia (2011)

Classic Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disorder (1/60,000 births) that is characterized by decreased production of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), an enzyme responsible for the conversion of galactose-1-phosphate (gal-1-p) to glucose-1-phosphate. The resulting elevated intracellular concentrations of gal-1-p are believed to be the major pathogenic mechanism in Classic Galactosemia that leads to a myriad of secondary symptoms and, if untreated, death of the patient. Galactokinase (GALK) is an upstream enzyme in the Leloir pathway that is responsible for conversion of galactose to gal-1-p. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the identification of a small-molecule inhibitor of GALK would act to decrease levels of gal-1-p and allow for a novel entry into therapies for this disorder. In collaboration with Professor Kent Lai of the University of Utah, a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) assay has been performed at the NIH Chemical Genomics Center (NCGC) and has identified a potent and selective inhibitor of GALK bearing a 1,4-dihydropyrimidine core. Several rounds of medicinal chemistry were performed and generated a small molecule capable of inhibiting GALK with an IC50 of 1.0μM. The probe ML152 (CID-664331; SID-87550830) is selective for GALK against CDP-ME, and thus represents an advancement over previously reported inhibitors. The probe was the best analog for inhibition of GALK in a purified enzyme assay. Its mechanism of action, as determined via substrate competition and kinetic assays, are consistent with it being ATP competitive.
Soluble P-tau217 reflects both amyloid and tau pathology in the human brain and mediates the association of amyloid with neocortical tau (2020)

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Plasma levels of phospho-tau217 (P-tau217) accurately differentiate Alzheimer’s disease dementia from other dementias, but it is unclear to what degree this reflects β-amyloid plaque accumulation, tau tangle accumulation, or both. In a cohort with post-mortem neuropathological data (N=88), both plaque and tangle density contributed independently to higher P-tau217. Several findings were replicated in a cohort with PET imaging (“BioFINDER-2”, N=426), where β-amyloid and tau PET were independently associated to P-tau217. P-tau217 correlated with β-amyloid PET (but not tau PET) in early disease stages, and with both β-amyloid and (more strongly) tau PET in late disease stages. Finally, P-tau217 mediated the association between β-amyloid and tau in both cohorts, especially for tau outside of the medial temporal lobe. These findings support the hypothesis that plasma P-tau217 is increased by both β-amyloid plaques and tau tangles and is congruent with the hypothesis that P-tau is involved in β-amyloid-dependent formation of neocortical tau tangles.
Microfluidic Genotyping by Rapid Serial PCR and High-Speed Melting Analysis (2014)

We demonstrate genotyping accuracy on a novel microfluidic platform with rapid serial PCR and HSM. The platform targets short turnaround times for multiple genetic variants in up to 8 samples. It is also designed to allow automatic and immediate reflexive or repeat testing depending on results from the streaming DNA. Rapid serial PCR provides a flexible genetic work flow and is nicely matched to HSM analysis.
High Performance Photonic-Plasmonic Optical Router: A Non-blocking WDM Routing Device for Optical Networks (2017)

Here we show the first hybrid photonic-plasmonic, non-blocking, broadband router with 250 μm2 footprints, 480 GHz response time and 82 fJ/bit energy efficiency. The router supports multi-wavelengths over 200 nm at 70 Tbps data capacity.
TEUS: high-brightness EUV LPP light source based on fast rotating target: product overview and specifications (2021)

We present performance metrics for the commercially available TEUS product line. TEUS-S is a high-brightness EUV LPP light source based on a fast rotating liquid metal target with EUV collection angle of 0.05sr. The TEUS-S100 and S400 models employing 100W and 400W of average laser power respectively have been characterized wi0th particular attention to the collector optics lifetime. It is estimated that 10% mirror reflectivity degradation will occur after 2 years for the TEUS-S100 and after 0.5 year for the TEUS-S400 in 24/7operation mode. The TEUS-S400 source provides more than 30 mW of in-band (±1%) EUV radiation after the debris mitigation system.
Pervaporation separation of water and dioxane mixtures with sodium alginate‐<i>g</i>‐polyacrylamide copolymeric membranes (2003)

Abstract Polyacrylamide (pAAm)‐ grafted sodium alginate (NaAlg) copolymeric membranes have been prepared and used in the pervaporation separation of dioxane mixtures containing10–70 mass % water. Three different polymeric membranes have been prepared: neat NaAlg, 46% grafted pAAm‐ g ‐NaAlg, and 93% grafted pAAm‐ g ‐NaAlg. For reduced brittleness and increased flexibility of the membranes, 10 mass % poly(ethylene glycol) and 5 mass % poly(vinyl alcohol) were added to all three membranes. With the transport data for the mixtures through the membranes, the permeation flux, selectivity, pervaporation separation index, swelling index, and diffusion coefficients have been calculated at 30°C. The Arrhenius activation parameters for the transport processes have been calculated for 10 mass % water in the feed mixture with flux and diffusion data obtained at 30, 40, and 50°C. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 300–305, 2003
Differential pair of optical thyristors as a generaloptical-interconnect device (1996)

A very sensitive differential pair of GaAs optical thyristors can be slightly modified to accomodate optoelectronic and electrooptic conversion. This allows interfacing with silicon standard CMOS VLSI circuitry, for the purpose of parallel optical interconnects. The authors conduct a theoretical study to assess this possibility and demonstrate that the degradation of the performance of the thyristor pair, as a result of electrically probing its state, can be kept reasonably small, even at high frequencies.
On Value Recomputation to Accelerate Invisible Speculation (2021)

Recent architectural approaches that address speculative side-channel attacks aim to prevent software from exposing the microarchitectural state changes of transient execution. The Delay-on-Miss technique is one such approach, which simply delays loads that miss in the L1 cache until they become non-speculative, resulting in no transient changes in the memory hierarchy. However, this costs performance, prompting the use of value prediction (VP) to regain some of the delay. However, the problem cannot be solved by simply introducing a new kind of speculation (value prediction). Value-predicted loads have to be validated, which cannot be commenced until the load becomes non-speculative. Thus, value-predicted loads occupy the same amount of precious core resources (e.g., reorder buffer entries) as Delay-on-Miss. The end result is that VP only yields marginal benefits over Delay-on-Miss. In this paper, our insight is that we can achieve the same goal as VP (increasing performance by providing the value of loads that miss) without incurring its negative side-effect (delaying the release of precious resources), if we can safely, non-speculatively, recompute a value in isolation (without being seen from the outside), so that we do not expose any information by transferring such a value via the memory hierarchy. Value Recomputation, which trades computation for data transfer was previously proposed in an entirely different context: to reduce energy-expensive data transfers in the memory hierarchy. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of value recomputation in relation to the Delay-on-Miss approach of hiding speculation, discuss the trade-offs, and show that we can achieve the same level of security, reaching 93% of the unsecured baseline performance (5% higher than Delay-on-miss), and exceeding (by 3%) what even an oracular (100% accuracy and coverage) value predictor could do.
Phase‐contrast MR angiography with reduced acquisition time: New concepts in sequence design (1991)

A new acquisition scheme for three-dimensional (3D) phase-contrast MR angiography reduces by 33% the measurement time for a data set sensitive to flow in all three orthogonal directions. Background suppression is achieved by acquiring a flow-compensated data set and three data sets flow encoded in the three orthogonal directions, with subsequent complex subtraction. The data are acquired in an interleaved fashion, eliminating misregistration artifacts due to patient motion between measurements sensitive to different flow directions. A standard maximum-intensity-projection algorithm is applied to the combined 3D data set to obtain angiographic projections sensitive to all three orthogonal flow directions. The theory and implementation of the method are described and examples of its application to the intracranial and abdominal circulation are provided.
Routing and Spectrum Assignment for Super-channels in Flex-grid Optical Networks (2012)

Two novel routing and spectrum assignments (RSAs) are proposed for super-channels accounting for sub-carriers dynamicity. The proposed RSAs obtain low blocking probability and reduce the number of required super-transponders.
Compressive imaging via a rotating coded aperture (2016)

Compressive sensing has been used to increase the resolution of sensor arrays, allowing high-resolution images to be obtained from low-resolution or even single pixel sensors. This paper introduces a rotating coded aperture for compressive imaging that has advantages over other sensing strategies. The design of the code geometry is motivated by constraints imposed by the imager's rotation. The block-unblock code pattern is optimized by minimizing the mutual coherence of the sensing matrix. Simulation results are presented, using the final code design to successfully recover high-resolution images from a very small sensor array.
Retrofitting an atomic force microscope with photothermal excitation for a clean cantilever response in low Q environments (2012)

It is well known that the low-Q regime in dynamic atomic force microscopy is afflicted by instrumental artifacts (known as "the forest of peaks") caused by piezoacoustic excitation of the cantilever. In this article, we unveil additional issues associated with piezoacoustic excitation that become apparent and problematic at low Q values. We present the design of a photothermal excitation system that resolves these issues, and demonstrate its performance on force spectroscopy at the interface of gold and an ionic liquid with an overdamped cantilever (Q < 0.5). Finally, challenges in the interpretation of low-Q dynamic AFM measurements are discussed.
Portable electronic device (2008)

The invention provides a portable electronic device wherein a first case has a first sound radiating hole formed in the front wall thereof and positioned as opposed to a speaker and a second sound radiating hole formed in the rear wall thereof and positioned as opposed to the speaker. The two cases are rotatably joined by a hinge mechanism. The second case has a second knuckle constituting the hinge mechanism and provided with a strip member for opening or closing the second sound radiating hole with the closing or opening movement of the second case. The strip member has a free end portion to be wound up by the second knuckle to open the second sound radiating hole when the two cases are in a closed state or to be paid out to close the second sound radiating hole when the two cases are in an opened state.
Quantum-cascade-laser active regions on metamorphic buffer layers (2015)

Strained-layer superlattice (SL) structures have been grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on metamorphic buffer layers (MBLs) for application in intersubband-transition devices, such as quantum cascade lasers. Using the MBL as an adjustable lattice-parameter platform, we have designed relatively-low-strain quantum-cascade-laser structures that will emit in the 3.0-3.5 μm wavelength range while suppressing carrier leakage from the upper laser level. Thick (10-12 μm) compositionally-graded, hydride-vapor-phase-epitaxy (HVPE)-grown MBL structures are employed. To improve the planarity of the MBL surface, we employ chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) followed by wet chemical etching prior to the growth of the SL/device structures. We find that the wet-chemical etching step is crucial to remove residual damage introduced during CMP. 20-period In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As (wells)/Al<sub>y</sub>In<sub>1-y</sub>As (barriers) SLs grown on the MBLs are characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Intersubband electroluminescence emission is observed in the 3.5 μm wavelength range from devices employing such SL structures.
Automatic Detection of Endotracheal Intubation During the Anesthesia Procedure (2016)

This paper is concerned with the mathematical modeling and detection of endotracheal (ET) intubation in children under general anesthesia during surgery. In major pediatric surgeries, the airway is often secured with an endotracheal tube (ETT) followed by initiation of mechanical ventilation. Clinicians utilize auscultation of breath sounds and capnography to verify correct ETT placement. However, anesthesia providers often delay timely charting of ET intubation. This latency in event documentation results in decreased efficacy of clinical decision support systems. In order to target this problem, we collected real inpatient data and designed an algorithm to accurately detect the intubation time within the clinically valid range; the results show that we are able to achieve high accuracy in more than 96% of the cases. Automatic detection of ET intubation time would thus enhance better real-time data capture to support future improvement in clinical decision support systems.
Evaluation of an image-based tracking workflow with Kalman filtering for automatic image plane alignment in interventional MRI (2013)

Recently, a workflow for magnetic resonance (MR) image plane alignment based on tracking in real-time MR images was introduced. The workflow is based on a tracking device composed of 2 resonant micro-coils and a passive marker, and allows for tracking of the passive marker in clinical real-time images and automatic (re-)initialization using the microcoils. As the Kalman filter has proven its benefit as an estimator and predictor, it is well suited for use in tracking applications. In this paper, a Kalman filter is integrated in the previously developed workflow in order to predict position and orientation of the tracking device. Measurement noise covariances of the Kalman filter are dynamically changed in order to take into account that, according to the image plane orientation, only a subset of the 3D pose components is available. The improved tracking performance of the Kalman extended workflow could be quantified in simulation results. Also, a first experiment in the MRI scanner was performed but without quantitative results yet.
Selective ablation of arterial plaque with pulsed dye lasers (1986)

One limitation on laser surgery has been excessive damage to normal tissue adjacent to the targeted diseased sites. For example, in laser angioplasty, investigators have caused perforations, aneurysms, spasms, and other forms of inadvertent damage to the arterial wall using cw argon, CO2, and Nd:YAG lasers to ablate obstructions (primarily atherosclerotic plaque). The use of pulsed lasers can reduce thermal diffusion damage; however, they can still cause ablation when accidentally directed at normal tissue. In this study, a selective laser ablative technique is demonstrated by using wavelengths at which there is preferential absorption in the plaque.
Transition Metal Polysulfides as Battery Cathodes (1988)

Amorphous polysulfides of iron, nickel, and cobalt were prepared and characterized. The resulting compounds, ,, , and were evaluated as cathode materials in organic electrolyte lithium batteries. The cobalt compounds in particular delivered very high capacities of 1–1.2 A‐h/g at voltages around 1.8V. The resulting cells possessed high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities.
A cartilage derived novel compound DDP (2,6-dimethyldifuro-8-pyrone): isolation, purification, and identification. (2002)

2,6-dimethyldifuro-8-pyrone (DDP) is a novel cartilage-specific compound that could have potential application as a unique biochemical marker in joint diseases involving articular cartilage degradation.
Mio (2004)

Real-time graphics hardware continues to offer improved resources for programmable vertex and fragment shaders. However, shader programmers continue to write shaders that require more resources than are available in the hardware. One way to virtualize the resources necessary to run complex shaders is to partition the shaders into multiple rendering passes. This problem, called the "Multi-Pass Partitioning Problem" (MPP), and a solution for the problem, Recursive Dominator Split (RDS), have been presented by Eric Chan et al. The O(n3) RDS algorithm and its heuristic-based O(n2) cousin, RDSh, are robust in that they can efficiently partition shaders for many architectures with varying resources. However, RDS's high runtime cost and inability to handle multiple outputs per pass make it less desirable for real-time use on today's latest graphics hardware. This paper redefines the MPP as a scheduling problem and uses scheduling algorithms that allow incremental resource estimation and pass computation in O(n log n) time. Our scheduling algorithm, Mio, is experimentally compared to RDS and shown to have better run-time scaling and produce comparable partitions for emerging hardware architectures.
<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Responses of Advanced Prostate Tumors to PSMA ADC, an Auristatin-Conjugated Antibody to Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (2011)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane protein that is overexpressed manifold in prostate cancer and provides an attractive target for therapy. PSMA ADC is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that consists of a fully human anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody conjugated to monomethylauristatin E through a valine-citrulline linker. In this study, the antitumor activity of PSMA ADC was evaluated against a panel of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in a novel in vivo model of taxane-refractory human prostate cancer. In vitro cell killing was efficient for cells with abundant PSMA expression (>10(5) molecules/cell; IC(50) ≤ 0.022 nmol/L) and 1,000-fold less efficient for cells with undetectable PSMA (IC(50) > 30 nmol/L). Intermediate potency (IC(50) = 0.80 nmol/L) was observed for cells with approximately 10(4) molecules of PSMA per cell, indicating a threshold PSMA level for selective cell killing. Similar in vitro activity was observed against androgen-dependent and -independent cells that had abundant PSMA expression. In vitro activity of PSMA ADC was also dependent on internalization and proper N-glycosylation/folding of PSMA. In contrast, less potent and nonselective cytotoxic activity was observed for a control ADC, free monomethylauristatin E, and other microtubule inhibitors. PSMA ADC showed high in vivo activity in treating xenograft tumors that had progressed following an initial course of docetaxel therapy, including tumors that were large (>700 mm(3)) before treatment with PSMA ADC. This study defines determinants of antitumor activity of a novel ADC. The findings here support the clinical evaluation of this agent in advanced prostate cancer.
Enabling enterprise mashups over unstructured text feeds with InfoSphere MashupHub and SystemT (2009)

Enterprise mashup scenarios often involve feeds derived from data created primarily for eye consumption, such as email, news, calendars, blogs, and web feeds. These data sources can test the capabilities of current data mashup products, as the attributes needed to perform join, aggregation, and other operations are often buried within unstructured feed text. Information extraction technology is a key enabler in such scenarios, using annotators to convert unstructured text into structured information that can facilitate mashup operations.