gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Feasibility Study of the Catalytic Reduction Method For Tritium Recovery from Tritiated Water Tritium Systems (1984)

Experimental and theoretical feasibility studies of a catalytic reduction method were carried out for application to the tritium recovery processes in fusion reactor systems. Experiments on the decomposition of water vapor were performed under the following conditions: temperatures of 350 to 650 K; an H2O vapor concentration of 103 to 104 ppm; a mole ratio of CO to H2O of 1 to 10; and a space velocity of 2 × 102 to 2 × 104 h−1. The catalyst used was a mixture of CuO, ZnO, and Cr2O3.It has been demonstrated that this method using the zinc-stabilized catalyst can be adapted to recover tritium from tritiated water with a high conversion ratio (>0.999 per one path) at comparatively low temperature (450 K). The catalytic rate equation and the rate constants determined by this work can be used for designing a practical catalytic reduction bed for the decomposition process of the tritiated water.
Unusual Antimicrotubule Activity of the Antifungal Agent Spongistatin 1 (1999)

Spongistatin 1, a macrocyclic lactone from the marine sponge Hyrtios erecta, has broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Since this compound is a potent antimicrotubule agent in mammalian cells, we examined its effects on the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans to determine if its antifungal effects are due to antimicrotubule activity. At 25 microg/ml (twice the MIC), spongistatin 1 caused a greater-than-twofold elevation of the chromosome and spindle mitotic indices. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that mitotic spindles were smaller and shorter than in control germlings. However, late-anaphase and telophase nuclei were seen occasionally, and this suggests that the spindles are capable of segregating chromosomes. Spongistatin 1 had more dramatic effects on cytoplasmic microtubules. At 30 min after initiation of treatment, 83% of germlings contained fragmented microtubules and after 2 h of treatment, microtubules had disappeared completely from 82% of germlings. In contrast, microtubules disappeared rapidly and completely from germlings treated with benomyl. We conclude that spongistatin 1 has antimicrotubule activity in A. nidulans and that its mechanism of action may involve a novel microtubule-severing activity.
Fe<sub>16</sub>N<sub>2</sub>: from a 40-year mystery of magnetic materials to one of promises for rare-earth-free magnets (2018)

Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is one of the most promising rare-earth-free magnet candidates with high magnetic energy product. Iron nitride magnet is of great interest as a magnetic material for applications at relatively low temperature $( \lt 150\,\,{}^{\circ}\mathrm {C})$ ranging from magnets in hard disk drives for data storage and in all kinds of electrical motors, wind turbines, and other power generation machines. A perspective review on our research work on bulk Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> compound permanent magnet in past years is presented on the aspects of material processing and magnetic characterizations. Specifically, we will introduce and discuss our effort to prepare bulk Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> compound permanent magnet by using three different approaches, including an ion implantation method, a ball milling method and a strained-wire method. A feasibility of free-standing iron nitride foils with magnetic energy product up to 20 MGOe was successfully demonstrated based on an ion implantation method. Based on our theoretical and experimental progress, we believe that Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> compound permanent magnet is currently in an accelerating step to be an alternative magnet candidate.
Knowledge Discovery from Citation Networks (2009)

Knowledge discovery from scientific articles has received increasing attentions recently since huge repositories are made available by the development of the Internet and digital databases. In a corpus of scientific articles such as a digital library, documents are connected by citations and one document plays two different roles in the corpus: \emph{document itself} and \emph{a citation of other documents}. In the existing topic models, little effort is made to differentiate these two roles. We believe that the topic distributions of these two roles are different and related in a certain way. In this paper we propose a \emph{Bernoulli Process Topic}~(BPT) model which models the corpus at two levels: \emph{document level} and \emph{citation level}. In the BPT model, each document has two different representations in the latent topic space associated with its roles. Moreover, the multi-level hierarchical structure of the citation network is captured by a generative process involving a Bernoulli process. The distribution parameters of the BPT model are estimated by a variational approximation approach. In addition to conducting the experimental evaluations on the document modeling task, we also apply the BPT model to a well known scientific corpus to discover the latent topics. The comparisons against state-of-the-art methods demonstrate a very promising performance.
Finger ECG signal for user authentication: Usability and performance (2013)

Over the past few years, the evaluation of Electrocardio-graphic (ECG) signals as a prospective biometric modality has revealed promising results. Given the vital and continuous nature of this information source, ECG signals offer several advantages to the field of biometrics; yet, several challenges currently prevent the ECG from being adopted as a biometric modality in operational settings. These arise partially due to ECG signal's clinical tradition and intru-siveness, but also from the lack of evidence on the permanence of the ECG templates over time. The problem of in-trusiveness has been recently overcome with the “off-the-person” approach for capturing ECG signals. In this paper we provide an evaluation of the permanence of ECG signals collected at the fingers, with respect to the biometric authentication performance. Our experimental results on a small dataset suggest that further research is necessary to account for and understand sources of variability found in some subjects. Despite these limitations, “off-the-person” ECG appears to be a viable trait for multi-biometric or standalone biometrics, low user throughput, real-world scenarios.
Helix Mimetics as Inhibitors of the Interaction of the Estrogen Receptor with Coactivator Peptides (2007)

Kurz und wellig: Ein neues α-HelixMimetikum auf der Grundlage eines Pyridylpyridongerüsts für die Bindung an den Östrogenrezeptor (ER) wurde entwickelt, indem die zentralen Leucinseitenketten der LXXLL-Boxen des Coaktivators (L=Leucin, X=beliebige Aminosäure) nachgeahmt wurden. Diese Inhibitoren konkurrieren mit den Coaktivatorpeptiden um die ER-Oberfläche und fungieren als niedermolekulare Inhibitoren der ER-Coaktivator-Wechselwirkung. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z700657_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Enhanced quantum efficiency of high-purity silicon imaging detectors by ultralow temperature surface modification using Sb doping (2005)

A low temperature process for Sb doping of silicon has been developed as a backsurface treatment for high-purity n-type imaging detectors. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is used to achieve very high dopant incorporation in a thin, surface-confined layer. The growth temperature is kept below 450°C for compatibility with Al-metallized devices. Imaging with MBE-modified 1k×1k charge coupled devices (CCDs) operated in full depletion has been demonstrated. Dark current is comparable to the state-of-the-art process, which requires a high temperature step. Quantum efficiency is improved, especially in the UV, for thin doped layers placed closer to the backsurface. Near 100% internal quantum efficiency has been demonstrated in the ultraviolet for a CCD with a 1.5nm silicon cap layer.
Sensitive Giant Magnetoresistive Sensor Using AC Bias Magnetic Field (1997)

A new sensitive magnetic sensor was developed by utilizing the giant magnetoresistance effect of spin-valve film. The sensor element was composed of a spin-valve layer patterned to a micro size, and a bias current layer which generates a square wave AC magnetic field. High sensitivity was attained using only the edge part of the step shape MR loop.
Minimum Ionizing Particle Detection by Secondary Electron Emission (1977)

The use of secondary electron emission to detect high energy particles is investigated. Low density KCl layers have been tested to detect MeV electrons, 400-750 MeV protons and high energy deuterons. The efficiency and the secondary electron spectrum are presented. The results justify the use of low-density KCl layer to detect minimum ionizing particles.
<title>Imaging through biological tissue with holography</title> (1992)

Various holographic methods of imaging through highly scattering media such as biological tissue are described. Experimental results are given.
Cystic Fibrosis: New Insights into Therapeutic Approaches (2019)

Since the identification of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as a disease in 1938 until 2012, only therapies to treat symptoms rather than etiological therapies have been used to treat the disease. Over the last few years, new technologies have been developed, and gene editing strategies are now moving toward a one-time cure. This review will summarize recent advances in etiological therapies that target the basic defect in the CF Transmembrane Receptor (CFTR), the protein that is mutated in CF. We will discuss how newly identified compounds can directly target mutated CFTR to improve its function. Moreover, we will discuss how proteostasis regulators can modify the environment in which the mutant CFTR protein is synthesized and decayed, thus restoring CFTR function. The future of CF therapies lies in combinatory therapies that may be personalized for each CF patient.
Design of a Magnetron with a Transparent Cathode for Experimental Demonstration of Fast Start of Microwave Oscillations (2007)

Summary form only given. To provide fast start microwave oscillatios in relativistic magnetrons, we proposed the transparent cathode, which is essentially a longitudinally slit cylindrical cathode comprising multiple strip electron emitters arranged in a circle. The fast start is achieved due to both cathode and magnetic priming, and the presence of strong electromagnetic field within the electron flow near the electron emitters. We have performed a comprehensive analysis of magnetron operation using computer simulations with the particle-in-cell code MAGIC that have showed the advantage of the transparent cathode implementation over the use of a conventional solid cylindrical cathode.
Polarization matching of wide angle conically scanned phased array beams (1983)

Multisatellite communication may require coverage of a segment of the geosynchronous arc as large as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60\deg</tex> . A properly oriented ground station antenna can cover the above segment by means of a beam whose axis traces a conical surface (i.e., conically scanned beam). The antenna consists of two linear arrays feeding an imaging reflector arrangement through a polarization diplexer. This diplexer separates the incoming wave into two orthogonal polarizations without loss. In general, the polarization of the wave reflected by the diplexer does not remain the same as that corresponding to the feed array as the beam is scanned (polarization mismatch). This mismatch can cause an appreciable degradation of the antenna gain when the feed array is scanned in certain directions. For example, a ground station located at Seattle, WA could experience 3.6 dB reduction in gain due to polarization mismatch when the antenna beam is scanned along a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60\deg</tex> segment of the geosynchronous satellite arc. The above polarization mismatch loss can be substantially reduced by the use of two properly inclined polarization rotators. These devices are sufficiently broadband to cover the entire 12/14 GHz satellite communication band. Design formulas for the inclination angle between the polarization rotators are presented. Applying these formulas we have reduced the above-mentioned polarization mismatch loss to less than 0.01 dB.
Hierarchical cache optimization in IPTV networks (2009)

In an IPTV network, Video on Demand and other video services generate a large amount of unicast traffic from the Video Hub Office (VHO) to subscribers and, therefore, require additional bandwidth and equipment resources in the network. To reduce this traffic and overall network cost, a portion of the video content (the most popular titles) may be stored in caches closer to subscribers, e.g., in a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM), a Central Office (CO), or in an Intermediate Office (IO). The problem is where and how much cache memory should be allocated in order to achieve maximum cost effectiveness. In this paper, we consider two approaches to solve this problem and analyze the factors that affect this solution. The analysis shows that hierarchical distributed caching can save significant network cost.
Performance Comparison of a Laterally-Fed Membrane Chromatography (LFMC) Device with a Commercial Resin Packed Column (2019)

The use of conventional membrane adsorbers such as radial flow devices is largely restricted to flow-through applications, such as virus and endotoxin removal, as they fail to give acceptable resolution in bind-and-elute separations. Laterally-fed membrane chromatography or LFMC devices have been specifically developed to combine high-speed with high-resolution. In this study, an LFMC device containing a stack of strong cation exchange membranes was compared with an equivalent resin packed column. Preliminary characterization experiments showed that the LFMC device had a significantly greater number of theoretical plates per metre than the column. These devices were used to separate a ternary model protein mixture consisting of ovalbumin, conalbumin and lysozyme. The resolution obtained with the LFMC device was better than that obtained with the column. For instance, the LFMC device could resolve lysozyme dimer from lysozyme monomer, which was not possible using the column. In addition, the LFMC device could be operated at lower pressure and at significantly higher flow rates. The devices were then compared based on an application case study, i.e., preparative separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants. The LFMC device gave significantly better separation of these variants than the column.
Reconstitution of Human Urothelium From Monolayer Cultures (1997)

We established a 3-dimensional organ culture model of urinary tract tissue in which to study the effects of seeding cultured urothelial cells onto de-epithelialized urothelial stroma.Normal human urinary tract tissues were placed in organ culture or used to establish urothelial cell cultures. At passage 2 cell cultures were harvested and used to reconstitute autologous organ cultures by seeding onto de-epithelialized stroma. Organ cultures were harvested at intervals and analyzed by immunohistology with a panel of antibodies against differentiation associated antigens, cytokeratins, cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix components and proliferation associated antigens.Human urothelial tissues were maintained in organ culture for at least 18 weeks and they retained a transitional epithelial morphology with expression of normal in situ antigenic characteristics. Within 2 weeks of reconstitution recombined organ cultures formed a stratified, polarized, transitional-like neo-epithelium that expressed many of the phenotypic and differentiated characteristics of normal tissue. Basement membrane formed at sites of direct contact between urothelial cells and stroma. After an initial stabilization period the proliferation rate of the urothelium of intact and reconstituted organ cultures decreased to the low turnover rate characteristic of normal urothelium in situ, indicating that the cells were responsive to normal growth regulatory controls.Normal human urothelial cells, which express a proliferative nondifferentiated phenotype in monolayer culture, retain the capacity to differentiate and reform a slow turnover, stratified transitional epithelium.
Reducing grating lobes due to subarray amplitude tapering (1985)

Subarray amplitude tapering is a simple, lower cost method to generate low sidelobes in an antenna's far-field pattern. Unfortunately, this simple technique also generates unwanted grating lobes. Placing the exact amplitude taper at the element outputs produces the desired far-field pattern, but the feed architecture is complicated and expensive. An alternative to these two techniques is described. A trade-off exists between sidelobe performance and simplicity of design. This trade-off consists of amplitude tapering the subarray outputs and the element outputs in such a way that the element amplitude tapers are identical for every subarray. In this way, the amplitude taper approximates the desired taper much better than subarray tapering alone, yet all the subarrays are identical. Thus, the feed design remains very simple.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrogen Permeable Nb-Based Alloys (2010)

Pd-Ag alloy shows high hydrogen permeability and excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, so it is used to separate the products of methane steam reforming to achieve high purity hydrogen. However, Pd is very expensive; therefore it is eagerly desired to develop no-Pd based alloys with low cost and high hydrogen permeation performance. In order to find out Nb-Ti-Ni alloy with higher hydrogen permeability, the Nb-Ti-Ni alloys located at the straight line connecting the primary (Nb, Ti) of Nb40Ti30Ni30 and the eutectic {(Nb,Ti)+TiNi} phases in the Nb-Ti-Ni trinary diagram were prepared. Results show that the alloys located at the straight line consists of the primary (Nb, Ti) and the eutectic {(Nb,Ti)+TiNi} phases, and their hydrogen permeability increase with increasing of Nb content or volume fraction of the primary (Nb,Ti). Moreover, the Nb content increases to 68 mol%. The Nb68Ti17Ni15 alloy, consisting of 74 vol% primary (Nb, Ti) phase and 26 vol% eutectic {(Nb,Ti)+TiNi} phase, show the highest Phi(673K) of 4.91 x 10(-8) mol H(2)m(-1)s(-1)Pa(-0.5), which is 2.5 times as high as that of the Nb40Ti30Ni30, and 3.5 times as high as that of the pure Pd.
Resonant-cavity infrared detectors with high quantum efficiency and very thin absorbers at 4.0 microns (2019)

We report resonant-cavity infrared detectors with absorbers that consist of only five quantum wells, but exhibiting 34% external quantum efficiency at room temperature at the resonant wavelength of 4.0 μm. The FWHM linewidth is 46 nm, and the peak absorption is enhanced by nearly a factor of 30 over that for a single pass through the absorber. Although the Shockley-Read lifetime in the current material is much shorter than the state of the art, the dark current density is at the level of HgCdTe detectors as quantified by “Rule 07”. The Johnson-noise limited detectivity (D*) at 21°C is 7 × 10<sup>9</sup> cm Hz<sup>½</sup>/W. We expect that future improvements in the device design and material quality will lead to higher quantum efficiency, as well as a significant reduction of the dark current density consistent with the very thin absorber.
Equipment Simulation of Selective Tungsten Deposition (1992)

This paper presents the numerical modeling of a cold wall reactor for selective tungsten chemical vapor deposition. In a two dimensional simulation the mass and heat transfer equations were solved considering the five chemical species ,, , , and . Detailed models for multicomponent diffusion and for the autocatalytic tungsten nucleation process were implemented. Model results are in good agreement with experimental findings. The simulations are used to study the impact of reactor design on selectivity.
MRI Detection of Shear Wave Propagation: Remote Palpation with Focused Ultrasound (1998)

Analysis of the material of 5,955 patients revealed a number of quantitative data which assisted in the analysis of the epidemiological situation of this group of diseases - necessary for the planning of highly specialized treatment and rehabilitation. The greatest needs in terms of admissions to the ŚRC concerned the group of adolescents aged 14-18. The results of combined rehabilitation indicated the full use of places in the Świętokrzyskie Rehabilitation Center and also indicated the need for similar provincial and even regional centres.
MISO Broadcast Channel with Imperfect and (Un)matched CSIT in the Frequency Domain: DoF Region and Transmission Strategies (2013)

In this contribution, we focus on a frequency domain two-user Multiple-Input-Single-Output Broadcast Channel (MISO BC) where the transmitter has imperfect and (un)matched Channel State Information (CSI) of the two users in two subbands. We provide an upper-bound to the Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) region, which is tight compared to the state of the art. By decomposing the subbands into subchannels according to the CSI feedback qualities, we interpret the DoF region as the weighted-sum of that in each subchannel. Moreover, we study the sum \emph{DoF} loss when employing sub-optimal schemes, namely Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Zero-Forcing Beamforming (ZFBF) and the $S_3^{3/2}$ scheme proposed by Tandon et al. The results show that by switching among the sub-optimal strategies, we can obtain at least 80% and 66.7% of the optimal sum \emph{DoF} performance for the unmatched and matched CSIT scenario respectively.
In vivo cellular visualization of the human retina using optical coherence tomography and adaptive optics (2006)

The interaction of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) major DNA-binding protein, infected-cell polypeptide 8 (ICP8), with nucleic acids has been examined by a filter-binding assay and electron microscopy. Filter-binding assays done over a broad pH range indicated that the optimum pH for the protein-DNA interaction is approximately 7.6. Heat inactivation studies showed that ICP8 is stable at temperatures up to 40 degrees C with a rapid loss of binding activity on incubation at 45 degrees C and above. Competition binding experiments have established the following relative affinities of ICP8 for the following nucleic acids: single-stranded HSV-1 DNA congruent to bacteriophage fd DNA greater than polyriboadenylate much greater than double-stranded HSV-1 DNA congruent to d(pCpT)5. Observation of negatively stained ICP8-single-stranded DNA complexes indicated that ICP8 binds along the length of the DNA in a regular repeating fashion. The average width of these complexes is 9.3 +/- 0.8 nms. Finally. Finally, addition of purified ICP8 to HSV-1 DNA polymerase reactions resulted in a stimulation of the viral polymerase activity.