gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Antigen Reactive to an Anti-White Pine Blister Rust Fungal Monoclonal Antibody (Mab 7) Is a Homologue of 70-kDa Heat Shock Proteins (A BiP Protein) (2001)

The production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to the white pine blister rust (WPBR) fungus (Cronartium ribicola) were described by Ekramoddoullah and Taylor (1996). One of the monoclonal antibodies, Mab 7, detected a major mycelial antigen on blister rust This monoclonal antibody did not cross-react with proteins from the white pine host or with proteins from other fungal species that were known to infect western white pine. As part of our ongoing work on the potential use of Mab 7 as a plantibody for engineering WPBR-resistant white pine, we report here on the cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding the antigen reactive to Mab 7. Five rounds of immunoscreening of a Uni-ZAP expression cDNA library from poly (A) + mRNA of C. ribicola mycelia with Mab 7 led to the identification of three positive clones. One of them was completely sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated an open reading frame of 2010 bases encoding a protein (designated as Cro r II) of 669 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 72.9 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.0. Two-dimensional silver-stained gels and 2-D Western analyses detected multiple spots with the same molecular mass and slightly different pI around pH 5.0, suggesting isoforms of Cro r II. A BLAST search of the NCBI database with the deduced Cro r II protein sequence indicated homology with a group of 70-kDa heat shock proteins. Southern blot hybridizations indicated that the C. ribicola genome contained at least one copy of the Cro r II gene. Western immunoblot analyses revealed that the Cro r II protein was present in mycelial culture, in the infected white pine tissues, in the alternate infected Ribes stage, and in the five different spore stages, suggesting a constitutive role for Cro r II in the fungus.
Detection of a novel fimbrial structure on the surface of Salmonella enteritidis by using a monoclonal antibody (1990)

A fimbrialike structure expressed on the surface of Salmonella enteritidis was identified by using a monoclonal antibody (69/25) produced against intact S. enteritidis cells. Fimbriae were less than 5 nm in diameter and carried a protein consisting of subunits with a molecular weight of 14,300. No hemagglutinating activity associated with the fimbriae was detected. An epitope on the fimbrial antigen identified by monoclonal antibody 69/25 was expressed by all 58 S. enteritidis strains, 12 of 36 S. dublin strains, and a single strain of S. moscow examined. None of 169 other isolates tested from 17 salmonella serogroups expressed this epitope.
Microfluidics: a transformational tool for nanomedicine development and production (2016)

Microfluidic devices are mircoscale fluidic circuits used to manipulate liquids at the nanoliter scale. The ability to control the mixing of fluids and the continuous nature of the process make it apt for solvent/antisolvent precipitation of drug-delivery nanoparticles. This review describes the use of numerous microfluidic designs for the formulation and production of lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and polymer nanoparticles to encapsulate and deliver small molecule or genetic payloads. The advantages of microfluidics are illustrated through examples from literature comparing conventional processes such as beaker and T-tube mixing to microfluidic approaches. Particular emphasis is placed on examples of microfluidic nanoparticle formulations that have been tested in vitro and in vivo. Fine control of process parameters afforded by microfluidics, allows unprecedented optimization of nanoparticle quality and encapsulation efficiency. Automation improves the reproducibility and optimization of formulations. Furthermore, the continuous nature of the microfluidic process is inherently scalable, allowing optimization at low volumes, which is advantageous with scarce or costly materials, as well as scale-up through process parallelization. Given these advantages, microfluidics is poised to become the new paradigm for nanomedicine formulation and production.
Characterization of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis iniBAC</i> Promoter, a Promoter That Responds to Cell Wall Biosynthesis Inhibition (2000)

The cell wall provides an attractive target for antibiotics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Agents such as isoniazid and ethambutol that work by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis are among the most highly effective antibiotics against this pathogen. Although considerable progress has been made identifying the targets for cell wall active antibiotics, little is known about the intracellular mechanisms that are activated as a consequence of cell wall injury. These mechanisms are likely to have an important role in growth regulation and in the induction of cell death by antibiotics. We previously discovered three isoniazid-induced genes (iniB, iniA, and iniC) organized in tandem on the M. tuberculosis genome. Here, we investigate the unique features of the putative iniBAC promoter. This promoter was specifically induced by a broad range of inhibitors of cell wall biosynthesis but was not inducible by other conditions that are toxic to mycobacteria via other mechanisms. Induction required inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and could be detected only in actively growing cells. Analysis of the iniBAC promoter sequence revealed both a regulatory element upstream and a potential repressor binding region downstream of the transcriptional start site. The induction phenotype and structure of the iniBAC promoter suggest that a complex intracellular response occurs when cell wall biosynthesis is inhibited in M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.
Amino Acid Substitution at the Dimeric Interface of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (2004)

The side chains of His30 and Tyr166 from adjacent subunits in the homotetramer human manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) form a hydrogen bond across the dimer interface and participate in a hydrogen-bonded network that extends to the active site. Compared with wild-type Mn-SOD, the site-specific mutants H30N, Y166F, and the corresponding double mutant showed 10-fold decreases in steady-state constants for catalysis measured by pulse radiolysis. The observation of no additional effect upon the second mutation is an example of cooperatively interacting residues. A similar effect was observed in the thermal stability of these enzymes; the double mutant did not reduce the major unfolding transition to an extent greater than either single mutant. The crystal structures of these site-specific mutants each have unique conformational changes, but each has lost the hydrogen bond across the dimer interface, which results in a decrease in catalysis. These same mutations caused an enhancement of the dissociation of the product-inhibited complex. That is, His30 and Tyr166 in wild-type Mn-SOD act to prolong the lifetime of the inhibited complex. This would have a selective advantage in blocking a cellular overproduction of toxic H2O2.
A Touchscreen as a Biomolecule Detection Platform (2011)

Touchscreen testing: A biomolecular detection platform is presented that utilizes a capacitive touchscreen to measure DNA concentration. The technology is ready for integration into touchscreen-equipped smart phones or smart pads, and should truly accelerate the realization of personalized portable biosensors.
An All‐Organic Non‐aqueous Lithium‐Ion Redox Flow Battery (2012)

Abstract A non‐aqueous lithium‐ion redox flow battery employing organic molecules is proposed and investigated. 2,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐1,4‐bis(2‐methoxyethoxy)benzene and a variety of molecules derived from quinoxaline are employed as initial high‐potential and low‐potential active materials, respectively. Electrochemical measurements highlight that the choice of electrolyte and of substituent groups can have a significant impact on redox species performance. The charge‐discharge characteristics are investigated in a modified coin‐cell configuration. After an initial break‐in period, coulombic and energy efficiencies for this unoptimized system are ∼70% and ∼37%, respectively, with major charge and discharge plateaus between 1.8‐2.4 V and 1.7‐1.3 V, respectively, for 30 cycles. Performance enhancements are expected with improvements in cell design and materials processing.
Spatially distributed delay line interferometer based on transmission Bragg scattering (2019)

A novel approach for a delay line interferometer (DLI) based on transmission Bragg scattering is proposed. We have numerically and experimentally demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a Bragg grating (BG) can deliver the functionality of a DLI in its transmission mode along a single common interfering optical path, instead of the conventional DLI implementation with two interfering optical paths. As a proof of concept, phase-modulated fiber BGs have been designed and fabricated, showing the desired functionality in the transmission mode of the BG. The proposed approach is applicable to any kind of BG technology, such as volume BGs, dielectric mirrors, silicon photonics, and other optical waveguide-based Bragg structures.
A theoretical analysis of spatial/temporal modulation-based systems for prevention of illegal recordings in movie theaters (2008)

This document proposes a convenient theoretical analysis of light modulation-based systems for prevention of illegal recordings in movie theaters. Although the works presented in this paper do not solve the problem of camcorder piracy, people in the security community may find them interesting for further work in this area.
Radiometric imaging by double exposure and gain calibration (2017)

Due to low cost and small size, uncooled microbolometer-based thermal focal plane arrays are very attractive for radiometry. However, being non-cooled, they suffer from temporally and spatially dependent changes that require constant calibration. While the gain calibration can be reasonably realized by two-point correction, the offset due to internal radiation loads poses a complicated calibration scheme. We present a new computational optics approach that simplifies the essential calibration for temperature offset. Using two successive images of the object taken with different known blur levels, one can eliminate the object term from the image-formation equation, resulting in an equation for the unknown sensor offset. A general algebraic model is presented for the space-variant case followed by solutions using both direct inverse method and iterative solver. The new scheme allows restoration of the radiometric value within 1% error with the direct method, and 0.2% error with the iterative scheme. Account of the influence of realistic lens positioning error on restoration accuracy was given. Results using direct inverse methods for restoring the radiometric values yield restoration error with a good average error of 3.7% and less.
Optimization of acoustic coupling for bottom actuated scattering based subsurface scanning probe microscopy (2019)

The characterization of buried nanoscale structures nondestructively is an important challenge in a number of applications, such as defect detection and metrology in the semiconductor industry. A promising technique is Subsurface Scanning Probe Microscopy (SSPM), which combines ultrasound with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Initially, SSPM was used to measure the viscoelastic contrast between a subsurface feature and its surrounding medium. However, by increasing the ultrasonic frequency to >1 GHz, it has been shown that SSPM can also measure acoustic impedance based contrasts. At these frequencies, it becomes difficult to reliably couple the sound into the sample such that the AFM is able to pick up the scattered sound field. The cause is the existence of strong acoustic resonances in the sample, the transducer, and the coupling layer-the liquid layer used to couple the sound energy from the transducer into the sample-in combination with the nonlinearity of the tip-sample interaction. Thus, it is essential to control and measure the thickness of the coupling layer with nanometer accuracy. Here, we present the design of a mechanical clamp to ensure a stable acoustic coupling. Moreover, an acoustic method is presented to measure the coupling layer thickness in real-time. Stable coupling layers with thicknesses of 700 ± 2 nm were achieved over periods of 2-4 h. Measurements of the downmixed AFM signals showed stable signal intensities for >1 h. The clamp and monitoring method introduced here makes scattering based SSPM practical, robust, and reliable and enables measurement periods of hours.
Autonomous Airborne Multi-Rotor UAS Delivery System (2020)

Within current combat environments, there is a demand for rapid and extremely precise re-supply missions. Typical combat airdrops require long periods of planning and can produce a large signature in an operating environment which relies on stealth for various mission sets. Team Hermes, made up of four members from the West Point graduating class of 2019, offers a new re-supply method to answer this demand. The design will allow for the delivery of a quadcopter carrying 1.5 pounds of cargo within a 5-meter radius of an impact point on the ground. Each quadcopter is first transported via a wooden dispenser which is linked to the Air Force's Joint Precision Airdrop System (JPADS). JPADS is executed with a C-130. The dispenser payload is loaded into the back of the aircraft, and upon command, is dropped to route toward the impact point. JPADS descends and the dispenser releases the drones once it reaches a target altitude and proximity. The team worked through an extensive design process and developed a system capable of achieving the mission with autonomy. Through calculated testing procedures, Team Hermes achieved success and proved the capability to autonomously deliver the microlight payload to within 5 meters of a waypoint on the ground.
Abstract 410: Expression of class 3 semaphorins in prostate cancer and modulation by hypoxia (2010)

Abstract Class 3 semaphorins are secreted proteins that act as guidance cues for migrating cells via their transmembrane receptors, plexins. Semaphorins have a role in cancer affecting tumour growth both directly and indirectly, by affecting angiogenesis. The aims of this study were to determine if semaphorins have a potential role in prostate cancer and if their expression is regulated by hypoxia. Here we show that semaphorins and their transmembrane receptors, plexins and neuropilins, are widely expressed in prostate cancer cell lines and tissue with a significant overexpression of Sema3E in tumour tissue. Co-expression of semaphorins and their receptors by tumour cells suggests that semaphorins may act through an autocrine or paracrine mechanism in prostate cancer cells and have a direct effect on prostate tumour progression. We found that Sema3E affected integrin-mediated adhesion to fibronectin of prostate cancer cells, either enhancing or inhibiting adhesion, depending on cellular context. Sema3E also inhibited the migration of prostate cancer cells. As well as affecting tumour progression directly, class 3 semaphorins act as angiogenesis factors. We found that expression of several semaphorin genes is affected by growth in hypoxic conditions. Notably, expression of sema3C is upregulated and Sema3A and Sema3E are down regulated by hypoxia in prostate and colon cancer cells. The down-regulation of sema3A and 3E by hypoxia is consistent with a role for Sema3A and 3E as anti-angiogenic factors in prostate cancer. These results indicate a potential role for Sema3E in prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 410.
Accelerated Maturation of Human Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Progenitor Cells into Insulin-Secreting Cells in Immunodeficient Rats Relative to Mice (2015)

Pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential source of transplantable cells for treating patients with diabetes. To investigate the impact of the host recipient on hESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cell maturation, cells were transplanted into immunodeficient SCID-beige mice or nude rats. Following the transplant, basal human C-peptide levels were consistently higher in mice compared with rats, but only rats showed robust meal- and glucose-responsive human C-peptide secretion by 19-21 weeks. Grafts from rats contained a higher proportion of insulin:glucagon immunoreactivity, fewer exocrine cells, and improved expression of mature β cell markers compared with mice. Moreover, ECM-related genes were enriched, the collagen network was denser, and blood vessels were more intricately integrated into the engrafted endocrine tissue in rats relative to mice. Overall, hESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells matured faster in nude rats compared with SCID-beige mice, indicating that the host recipient can greatly influence the fate of immature pancreatic progenitor cells post-transplantation.
Electro-optical effects in liquid crystals with dielectric dispersion (2008)

The dielectric dispersion in uniaxial nematic liquid crystals creates a "dielectric memory" effect whereby the polarization induced by the electric field decays exponentially with time rather than instantaneously, as in materials without dispersion. The induced polarization couples linearly with the electric field. This linear coupling allows one to accelerate the director relaxation towards the "off" state by a specially designed electric pulse of a proper polarity and duration We show theoretically and experimentally the possibility of electrically driving the director towards the off state, thereby decreasing the switching time.
Stereochemical Studies of the Monocyclic Agouti-Related Protein (103−122) Arg-Phe-Phe Residues:  Conversion of a Melanocortin-4 Receptor Antagonist into an Agonist and Results in the Discovery of a Potent and Selective Melanocortin-1 Agonist (2004)

The agouti-related protein (AGRP) is an endogenous antagonist of the centrally expressed melanocortin receptors. The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is involved in energy homeostasis, food intake, sexual function, and obesity. The endogenous hAGRP protein is 132 amino acids in length, possesses five disulfide bridges at the C-terminus of the molecule, and is expressed in the hypothalamus of the brain. We have previously reported that a monocyclic hAGRP(103-122) peptide is an antagonist at the melanocortin receptors expressed in the brain. Stereochemical inversion from the endogenous l- to d-isomers of single or multiple amino acid modifications in this monocyclic truncated hAGRP sequence resulted in molecules that are converted from melanocortin receptor antagonists into melanocortin receptor agonists. The Asp-Pro-Ala-Ala-Thr-Ala-Tyr-cyclo[Cys-Arg-DPhe-DPhe-Asn-Ala-Phe-Cys]-Tyr-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu peptide resulted in a 60 nM melanocortin-1 receptor agonist that is 100-fold selective versus the mMC4R, 1000-fold selective versus the mMC3R, and ca. 180-fold selective versus the mMC5R. In attempts to identify putative ligand-receptor interactions that may be participating in the agonist induced stimulation of the MC4R, selected ligands were docked into a homology molecular model of the mMC4R. These modeling studies have putatively identified hAGRP ligand DArg111-mMC4RAsn115 (TM3) and the hAGRP DPhe113-mMC4RPhe176 (TM4) interactions as important for agonist activity.
Low Temperature Molten Sodium-Based Batteries for Large Scale Electrical Energy Storage (2019)

Despite the tremendous advances in batteries for portable electronics and vehicle electrification, truly effective battery technologies for large scale energy storage remain relatively underdeveloped. These systems have distinct requirements as safe, low-cost, reliable systems, critical to robust and agile energy distribution, integration of renewable energy, effective emergency response, and even emerging national defense initiatives. Here, we describe a promising new class of molten sodium-halide batteries that show exciting potential as safe, cost-effective, long-lived batteries for large-scale applications. These Na-NaI batteries comprise a molten sodium anode and a molten NaI-based halide salt catholyte, separated by highly conductive solid-state sodium-ion conducting membrane. This NaI-based system offers a higher voltage (>3V) than traditional molten sodium batteries and enables the use of fully molten catholytes desired for long cycle life. By engineering the materials chemistry of these batteries, we have driven down operating temperature to near 100°C, utilizing chemistries that avoid potential problems with thermal runaway or flammable organic electrolytes that often plague other battery technologies. This dramatic reduction of operating temperature (compared to ~300°C typical of traditional molten sodium batteries) opens the door to valuable reduction in costs and extension of battery life. This presentation will discuss specific advances in molten catholyte composition and electrochemistry, the performance of the solid-state separators at these reduced temperatures, and the efficient cycling behavior of laboratory-scale prototypes. The encouraging performance of these innovative “low” temperature molten salt batteries promises new opportunities to address the widespread need for safe, reliable, and cost-effective large scale energy storage solutions. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
Recovering handset MIMO capacity with polarization-agile antennas (2007)

This work demonstrates that the typical assumption of a receiver with fixed orientation is very inaccurate for predicting the capacity of handheld MIMO wireless devices. It corrects the standard MIMO normalization with the more appropriate reference array normalization for antenna comparisons. It demonstrates significant recovery of the capacity and diversity losses from parallel array element designs through switchable polarization-agile elements.
Giant magnetoelectric effect in laminate composites (2003)

It has been found that laminate composites of longitudinally magnetized magnetostrictive and transversely poled piezoelectric layers (an L–T laminate composite) have a giant magnetoelectric (ME) effect. Relatively high ME coupling, that is significant exchange between magnetization and polarization, is demonstrated.
Musical tone forming device by fm technology (1981)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Teruo Hiyoshi, Akira Nakada, Shigeru Yamada; Musical tone forming device by fm technology. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 July 1981; 70 (1): 271–272. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.386594 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search