gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-class latency-bounded Web services (2002)

Two recent advances have resulted in significant improvements in Web server quality of service. First, both centralized and distributed Web servers can provide isolation among service classes by fairly distributing system resources. Second, session admission control can protect classes from performance degradation due to overload. The goal of this work is to design a general "front-end" algorithm that uses these two building blocks to support a new Web service model, namely, multi-class services which control response latencies to within pre-specified targets. Our key technique is to devise a general service abstraction to adaptively control not only the latency of a particular class, but also to assess the inter-class relationships. In this way, we capture the extent to which classes are isolated or share system resources (as determined by the server architecture and system internals) and hence their effects on each other's QoS. For example, if the server provides class isolation (i.e., a minimum fraction of system resources independent of other classes), yet also allows a class to utilize unused resources from other classes, the algorithm infers and exploits this behavior without an explicit low level model of the server. Thus, as new functionalities are incorporated into Web servers, the approach naturally exploits their properties to efficiently satisfy the classes' performance targets. We validate the scheme with trace driven simulations.
Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of P(VDF−TrFE−CFE) with Partially Grafted Copper Phthalocyanine Oligomer (2005)

A new class of nanocomposites in which the high dielectric constant copper phthalocyanine oligomer (o-CuPc) was partially grafted to the poly(vinylidene fluoride−trifluoroethylene−chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF−TrFE−CFE)), a relaxor ferroelectric polymer, was developed. The new approach developed allowed for higher degree of grafting of o-CuPc to the polymer backbone and resulted in a nanocomposite [P(VDF−TrFE−CFE)-g-CuPc/CuPc] with o-CuPc inclusion size at about 60−100 nm. Compared with simple blend of the terpolymer and o-CuPc, a lower dielectric loss and higher breakdown field were achieved in the grafted nanocomposite which can be attributed to a more uniform distribution of o-CuPc particles in the polymer matrix as well as much reduced inclusion size. Moreover, the dielectric constant of the grafted nanocomposite at frequencies above 1 kHz is much higher than that of the simple blend, indicating an increased interface effect such as the exchange coupling which can enhance the dielectric response, as suggested recently by Li.28 It is also interesting to note that at high frequencies (∼1 MHz), in addition to the improved dielectric constant, the grafted nanocomposite also exhibits a much lower dielectric loss than the matrix.
Nanostructured surface topographies have an effect on bactericidal activity (2018)

The results obtained here suggests that the topographical effects including pillar density and pillar height inhomogeneity may have significant impacts on adhering pattern and stretching degree of bacterial cell membrane. A biophysical model is prepared to interpret the morphological changes of bacteria on these nanostructures.
High Birefringence Optical Fibre Pressure Sensor (1988)

A remote passive pressure sensor has been demonstrated using a high birefringence optical fibre. The principle is based upon a single fibre polarimetric interferometer and the technique for aligning the birefringence axes of the fibre. The design incorporates a temperature compensation and allows the use of low coherence sources.
The effect of surface spin disorder on the magnetism of γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>nanoparticle dispersions (2007)

The nanomagnetism of monodisperse 7 nm γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibits unique features due to a significant amount of surface spin disorder. To correctly characterize the superparamagnetism of a dilute dispersion requires including the effects of the magnetic anisotropy and a shell of disordered spins surrounding the ordered core. The nanoparticle shell's disordered spin structure is exchange coupled to that of the ordered core. This enables an exchange bias loop shift, Hex, when the nanoparticle dispersion is field cooled. The surface spin disorder also leads to an unusual exponential-like decrease of the nanoparticle's total saturation magnetization with increasing temperature.
Pluralism and Foundationalism in the Applied Sciences (2014)

Nancy Cartwright develops her scientific pluralism within <em>The Dappled World</em> and argues for its supremacy over foundationalism. Cartwright believes that the sciences should be applied for humane benefits and not for knowledge’s sake alone. However, Cartwright does not give enough credit to the practical applications produced by foundationalists. Cartwright’s goals are not hindered or detracted from when working with foundationalists. In fact foundationalism and pluralism offer complimentary means of practical application, the outcome of which is a bettered ability to apply our sciences towards practical concerns than either position offers alone. I will use exemplary cases demonstrating these isolated shortcomings and complimentary benefits to advance this position.
Non-Classic Disorder of Adrenal Steroidogenesis and Clinical Dilemmas in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Combined with Backdoor Androgen Pathway. Mini-Review and Case Report (2020)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in children and adolescents. It comprises several clinical entities associated with mutations in genes, encoding enzymes involved in cortisol biosynthesis. The mutations lead to considerable (non-classic form) to almost complete (classic form) inhibition of enzymatic activity, reflected by different phenotypes and relevant biochemical alterations. Up to 95% cases of CAH are due to mutations in <i>CYP21A2</i> gene and subsequent 21α-hydroxylase deficiency, characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis and adrenal androgen excess. In the past two decades an alternative ("backdoor") pathway of androgens' synthesis in which 5α-androstanediol, a precursor of the 5α-dihydrotestosterone, is produced from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, with intermediate products 3α,5α-17OHP and androsterone, in the sequence and with roundabout of testosterone as an intermediate, was reported in some studies. This pathway is not always considered in the clinical assessment of patients with hyperandrogenism. The article describes the case of a 17-year-old female patient with menstrual disorders and androgenization (persistent acne, advanced hirsutism). Her serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone were only slightly elevated, along with particularly high values for 5α-dihydrotestosterone. In 24 h urine collection, an increased excretion of 16α-OHDHEA-a dehydroepiandrosterone metabolite-and pregnanetriolone-a 17α-hydroxyprogesterone metabolite-were observed. The investigations that we undertook provided evidence that the girl suffered from non-classic 21α-hydroxylase deficiency with consequent enhancement of the androgen "backdoor" pathway in adrenals, peripheral tissues or both, using adrenal origin precursors. The paper presents diagnostic dilemmas and strategies to differentiate between various reasons for female hyperandrogenism, especially in childhood and adolescence.
Rapid High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis for the Quantitative Determination of Oleuropein in <i>Olea europaea</i> Leaves (2001)

Olea europaea (Oleaceae) leaves of 14 different cultivars have been studied by a new isocratic HPLC method. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of principal compounds were established for each cultivar. Oleuropein concentration was determined for each sampled tree, using coumarin as internal standard. Bid el Haman, Chemlali, Meski, Cailletier, Tanche, a Verdale-Picholine hybrid, and Lucques, in particular, had high oleuropein concentrations and could be useful sources for industrial extractions.
New Dimensions in Flavor Research (1989)

Herbs and spices are not only common household food ingredients but also integral parts of various flavor and fragrance creations. Most of the spices used day-to-day are either dried or aged, but few people are aware of the fact that live spices have different aroma properties from those that are dead. The chemical differences in the aroma profiles of "living" vs dead leafy spices have now been characterized. The methodology and analytical results for some common spices are presented.
Tankyrase inhibition promotes a stable human naïve pluripotent state with improved functionality (2016)

The derivation and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in stable naïve pluripotent states has a wide impact in human developmental biology. However, hPSCs are unstable in classical naïve mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) WNT and MEK/ERK signal inhibition (2i) culture. We show that a broad repertoire of conventional hESC and transgene-independent human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines could be reverted to stable human preimplantation inner cell mass (ICM)-like naïve states with only WNT, MEK/ERK, and tankyrase inhibition (LIF-3i). LIF-3i-reverted hPSCs retained normal karyotypes and genomic imprints, and attained defining mouse ESC-like functional features, including high clonal self-renewal, independence from MEK/ERK signaling, dependence on JAK/STAT3 and BMP4 signaling, and naïve-specific transcriptional and epigenetic configurations. Tankyrase inhibition promoted a stable acquisition of a human preimplantation ICM-like ground state via modulation of WNT signaling, and was most efficacious in efficiently reprogrammed conventional hiPSCs. Importantly, naïve reversion of a broad repertoire of conventional hiPSCs reduced lineage-primed gene expression and significantly improved their multilineage differentiation capacities. Stable naïve hPSCs with reduced genetic variability and improved functional pluripotency will have great utility in regenerative medicine and human disease modeling.
The Fortress Language Specification (2007)

fill(f : I → E) : ReadableArrayJE, IK abstract fill(v :E) : ReadableArrayJE, IK abstract copy() : ReadableArrayJE, IK Create a fresh array structurally identical to the present one, but holding elements of type U . abstract replicaJUK() : ReadableArrayJU, IK opr =(self, other : HasRank): Boolean end trait ImmutableArrayJE, IK extends {ReadableArrayJE, IK } excludes {ArrayJE, IK } abstract opr [r : RangeJIK] : ImmutableArrayJE, IK abstract opr [ : OpenRangeJAnyK] : ImmutableArrayJE, IK abstract ivmapJRK(f : (I, E)→ R): ImmutableArrayJR, IK abstract mapJRK(f :E → R): ImmutableArrayJR, IK abstract shift(newOrigin : I) : ImmutableArrayJE, IK abstract init(i : I, v :E): () abstract fill(f : I → E) : ImmutableArrayJE, IK abstract fill(v :E) : ImmutableArrayJE, IK abstract copy() : ImmutableArrayJE, IK abstract replicaJUK() : ImmutableArrayJU, IK Thaw array (return mutable copy). abstract thaw() : ArrayJE, IK end trait ArrayJE, IK extends {ReadableArrayJE, IK,MutableIndexedJE, IK } abstract opr [r : RangeJIK] : ArrayJE, IK abstract opr [ : OpenRangeJAnyK] : ArrayJE, IK abstract ivmapJRK(f : (I, E)→ R): ArrayJR, IK abstract mapJRK(f :E → R): ArrayJR, IK abstract shift(newOrigin : I) : ArrayJE, IK abstract init(i : I, v :E): () abstract fill(f : I → E) : ArrayJE, IK abstract fill(v :E) : ArrayJE, IK abstract assign(f : I → E) : ArrayJE, IK abstract copy() : ArrayJE, IK abstract replicaJUK() : ArrayJU, IK Freeze array (return mutable copy). abstract freeze(): ImmutableArrayJE, IK end Factory for arrays that returns an empty 0-indexed array of a given run-time-determined size. arrayJEK(x :Z32) : ArrayJE,Z32K arrayJEK(x :Z32, y :Z32) :ArrayJE, (Z32,Z32)K arrayJEK(x :Z32, y :Z32, z :Z32) : ArrayJE, (Z32,Z32,Z32)K Factory for immutable arrays that returns an empty 0-indexed array of a given run-time-determined size.
Enhanced direct bandgap emission from germanium-based ring resonators (2008)

We report the room temperature enhancement of direct bandgap emission from germanium microcavities with wavelength-scale dimensions and high optical confinement. A decline in the emission enhancement with lower <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> s is attributed to the Purcell effect.
Early Effector T Lymphocytes Coexpress Multiple Inhibitory Receptors in Primary Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2016)

Clinical efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 targeting relies upon the reactivation of tumor-specific but functionally impaired PD-1<sup>+</sup> T cells present before therapy. Thus, analyzing early-stage primary tumors may reveal the presence of T cells that are not yet functionally impaired. In this study, we report that activated (HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>) T cells with an effector memory (T<sub>EM</sub>) profile are enriched in such lesions. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes coexpressed PD-1 with the inhibitory receptors TIM-3, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and TIGIT, but also displayed a recently activated, nonexhausted phenotype. We also identified a subset of CD8<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup>FOXP3<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes at the earliest phase of functional differentiation after priming, termed "early effector cells" (EEC), which also exhibited an activated nonexhausted phenotype, but was less differentiated and associated with coexpression of multiple inhibitory receptors. In response to autologous tumor, EECs upregulated CD107a, produced IL2 and IFNγ, and were competent for differentiation. The identification of EECs marked by inhibitory receptor expression at tumor sites will enable investigations of early stages of adaptive antitumor immunity, as well as support the rationale for administering immunotherapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. <i>Cancer Res; 77(4); 851-61. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Joint Source-Relay Optimization for Two-Path MIMO AF Relay System (2012)

In this paper, we consider the inter-relay interference (IRI) problem in a two-path successive amplify-and-forward (AF) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay system. First, a new interference cancellation algorithm employed at the relays is proposed to fully remove the IRI with an arbitrary number of antennas. Second, the transmit beamforming matrix at the source, relays and destination are jointly designed to maximize the capacity under the power constraint. Third, we analyze the relation among duplex-gain, diversity-gain, and the multiplex-gain in the different antennas number and SNR, respectively. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are also given to verify the good performance of the proposed algorithm.
Strategy for Overcoming Full Reversibility of Intermolecular Radical Addition to Aldehydes: Tandem C–H and C–O Bonds Cleaving Cyclization of (Phenoxymethyl)arenes with Carbonyls to Benzofurans (2018)

An intermolecular addition of carbon radicals enabled by a cascade radical coupling strategy is developed. It includes an intermolecular alkyl radical addition to a carbonyl group followed by an intramolecular alkoxy radical addition to haloarenes and produces substituted benzofurans in high yields. The radical nature of this reaction is explored by radical trapping experiments and EPR analysis. The mechanism is investigated by KIE experiments and control experiments. This method could provide rapid and practical access to the key intermediate of TAM-16, a safe and potent antibacterial agent for treating tuberculosis, and, therefore, is of great importance for organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry.
A new construction of UEP QC-LDPC codes (2010)

In this paper, a new construction of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes for unequal error protection (UEP) is proposed. We first give a new class of UEP block codes. QC-LDPC codes with binomial-term parity-check matrices which can avoid girths less than 8 and achieve an enlarged upper bound on the minimum distance are also introduced. An effective UEP scheme based on the proposed UEP block codes and QC-LDPC codes which can provide flexible choice of protection levels is then presented. Simulation results show that the new QC-LDPC codes can achieve good performance and low error floors. The bits with different designed protection levels can indeed have unequal bit-error-rate performance.
On universal search strategies for multi-criteria optimization using weighted sums (2011)

We develop a stochastic local search algorithm for finding Pareto points for multi-criteria optimization problems. The algorithm alternates between different single-criterium optimization problems characterized by weight vectors. The policy for switching between different weights is an adaptation of the universal restart strategy defined by [LSZ93] in the context of Las Vegas algorithms. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on multi-criteria quadratic assignment problem benchmarks and prove some of its theoretical properties.
Resource-Cost Analysis for Massively Multiplayer Online Games (2008)

In this paper, an approach for modelling and analysis of massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) is proposed. By using our models, based on Markov process and queuing theory, we can investigate the impact of various factors, such as game types, the number of players, the intensity of players or NCPs interaction, the number of regions in a game world, avatar region-transition rate, and network configuration, on the system performance. A number of resource-cost functions are defined, which map the system resource consumed to the cost during a game play. We choose the federated peer-to-peer architecture as a target for this study, since it is a typical and potential architecture proposed recently and attracting more attention.
Promotion of RAD51-Mediated Homologous DNA Pairing by the RAD51AP1-UAF1 Complex (2016)

The UAF1-USP1 complex deubiquitinates FANCD2 during execution of the Fanconi anemia DNA damage response pathway. As such, UAF1 depletion results in persistent FANCD2 ubiquitination and DNA damage hypersensitivity. UAF1-deficient cells are also impaired for DNA repair by homologous recombination. Herein, we show that UAF1 binds DNA and forms a dimeric complex with RAD51AP1, an accessory factor of the RAD51 recombinase, and a trimeric complex with RAD51 through RAD51AP1. Two small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-like domains in UAF1 and a SUMO-interacting motif in RAD51AP1 mediate complex formation. Importantly, UAF1 enhances RAD51-mediated homologous DNA pairing in a manner that is dependent on complex formation with RAD51AP1 but independent of USP1. Mechanistically, RAD51AP1-UAF1 co-operates with RAD51 to assemble the synaptic complex, a critical nucleoprotein intermediate in homologous recombination, and cellular studies reveal the biological significance of the RAD51AP1-UAF1 protein complex. Our findings provide insights into an apparently USP1-independent role of UAF1 in genome maintenance.
Ebola Virus Aptamers: From Highly Efficient Selection to Application on Magnetism-Controlled Chips (2019)

Aptamers for Ebola virus (EBOV) offer a powerful means for prevention and diagnostics. Unfortunately, few aptamers for EBOV have been discovered yet. Herein, assisted by magnetism-controlled selection chips to strictly manipulate selection conditions, a highly efficient aptamer selection platform for EBOV is proposed. With highly stringent selection conditions of rigorous washing, manipulation of minuscule amounts of magnetic beads, and real-time evaluation of the selection effectiveness, the selection performance of the platform was improved significantly. In only three rounds of selection, the high-performance aptamers for EBOV GP and NP proteins were obtained simultaneously, with dissociation constants ( K<sub>d</sub>) in the nanomolar range. The aptamer was further applied to the detection of EBOV successfully, with a detection limit of 4.2 ng/mL. The whole detection process that consisted of sample mixing, separation, and signal acquisition was highly integrated and conducted in a magnetism-controlled detection chip, showing high biosafety and great potential for point-of-care detection. The method may open up new avenues for prevention and control of EBOV.
A user-centric multi-PaaS application management solution for hybrid multi-Cloud scenarios (2013)

Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a rapidly growing IT paradigm which enables software developers to deploy applications without the burden of software platform maintenance. Currently, the PaaS market is dominated by a few providers that promote incompatible standards. This introduces adoption barriers that prevent the interoperability between heterogeneous PaaS offerings, so software developers are not able to manage distributed applications spanning multiple public/private clouds. In this paper we present a multi-PaaS application management solution as a result of the Cloud4SOA European project that addresses these challenges. To clarify this approach a distributed deployment and cloud bursting scenarios are used.
Spinal cord stimulation improves gait in patients with Parkinson's disease previously treated with deep brain stimulation (2016)

Spinal cord stimulation at 300 Hz was well tolerated and led to a significant improvement in gait. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside Protects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice (2012)

This study was performed to examine the hepatoprotective effect of isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (Compositae), against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle or isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) 30 min before and 2 h after CCl4 (20 μl/kg) injection. Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic level of malondialdehyde were significantly higher after CCl4 treatment, and these increases were attenuated by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. CCl4 markedly increased serum tumor necrosis factor-α level, which was reduced by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein and their mRNA expression levels were significantly increased after CCl4 injection. The levels of HO-1 protein and mRNA expression levels were augmented by isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, while isorhamnetin- 3-O-galactoside attenuated the increases in iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression levels. CCl4 increased the level of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38, and isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside reduced these increases. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activating protein-1, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were signifi cantly increased after CCl4 administration. Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside attenuated the increases of NF-κB and c-Jun nuclear translocation, while it augmented the nuclear level of Nrf2. These results suggest that isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside ameliorates CCl4-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the anti-oxidative defense system and reducing the inflammatory signaling pathways.
Spectral Filtering for General Linear Dynamical Systems (2018)

We give a polynomial-time algorithm for learning latent-state linear dynamical systems without system identification, and without assumptions on the spectral radius of the system's transition matrix. The algorithm extends the recently introduced technique of spectral filtering, previously applied only to systems with a symmetric transition matrix, using a novel convex relaxation to allow for the efficient identification of phases.