gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Telomerase Inhibitor Imetelstat Depletes Cancer Stem Cells in Breast and Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines (2010)

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are rare drug-resistant cancer cell subsets proposed to be responsible for the maintenance and recurrence of cancer and metastasis. Telomerase is constitutively active in both bulk tumor cell and CSC populations but has only limited expression in normal tissues. Thus, inhibition of telomerase has been shown to be a viable approach in controlling cancer growth in nonclinical studies and is currently in phase II clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the effects of imetelstat (GRN163L), a potent telomerase inhibitor, on both the bulk cancer cells and putative CSCs. When breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines were treated with imetelstat in vitro, telomerase activity in the bulk tumor cells and CSC subpopulations were inhibited. Additionally, imetelstat treatment reduced the CSC fractions present in the breast and pancreatic cell lines. In vitro treatment with imetelstat, but not control oligonucleotides, also reduced the proliferation and self-renewal potential of MCF7 mammospheres and resulted in cell death after <4 weeks of treatment. In vitro treatment of PANC1 cells showed reduced tumor engraftment in nude mice, concomitant with a reduction in the CSC levels. Differences between telomerase activity expression levels or telomere length of CSCs and bulk tumor cells in these cell lines did not correlate with the increased sensitivity of CSCs to imetelstat, suggesting a mechanism of action independent of telomere shortening for the effects of imetelstat on the CSC subpopulations. Our results suggest that imetelstat-mediated depletion of CSCs may offer an alternative mechanism by which telomerase inhibition may be exploited for cancer therapy.
Identification of <i>Dehalobacter</i> reductive dehalogenases that catalyse dechlorination of chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethane (2013)

Two novel reductive dehalogenases (RDases) that are highly similar to each other but catalyse distinct dechlorination reactions were identified from Dehalobacter-containing mixed cultures. These two RDases were partially purified from crude protein extracts of anaerobic dechlorinating enrichment cultures using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel slices were assayed for dechlorinating activity, and associated proteins were identified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with the metagenome of the parent culture as the reference database. The two RDases identified, annotated as CfrA and DcrA, share an amino acid identity of 95.2 per cent, but use different substrates: CfrA dechlorinates chloroform (CF) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), but not 1,1-dichloroethane; DcrA dechlorinates 1,1-dichloroethane, but not CF or 1,1,1-TCA. These two novel RDases share no more than 40 per cent amino acid identity to any other known or putative RDases, but both have a twin-arginine motif and two iron-sulfur binding motifs conserved in most RDases. Peptides specific to two putative membrane anchor proteins, annotated as CfrB and DcrB, were also detected in gel slices.
ATP-EMTP Investigation of a New Distance Protection Principle for Series Compensated Lines (2003)

Abstract – A new algorithm for the first zone of protective distance relays for transmission lines compensated by series capacitors, installed in the middle and at both ends, is pre-sented. The concept relies on determining two conditional impedances and comparing them with three characteristics specially shaped on the impedance plan. The conditional im-pedances are calculated from the fault loop quantities com-posed as for the classic distance relays, but in case of voltages additionally the compensation for the voltage drop across the bank (or banks) of series capacitors is performed. The sample fault cases and the evaluation results for the developed algo-rithm are presented. ATP-EMTP package has been used for simulation versatile faults and generating reliable fault data used in the evaluation of the algorithm. Keywords – series-compensated line, capacitor bank, non-linear circuit, distance algorithm, ATP-EMTP, simulation I. I NTRODUCTION Both, the technical and economical benefits resulting from using series capacitor compensation in power trans-mission lines are well-recognized and known [1]. At the same time such lines are considered as the power system items, which are extremely difficult for protecting them [2]-[7] as well as for locating faults [8]. In this paper a new distance protection principle for a transmission line compensated with a three phase capacitor bank installed in the middle (Fig. 1a), or with capacitor banks at both ends (Fig. 1b), is investigated. Series Capaci-tors (SCs) equipped with Metal-Oxide Varistors (MOVs) (Fig. 2a, b), when set on a transmission line, create certain problems for its protective devices. Under faults behind SCs&MOVs a fault loop becomes strongly nonlinear, and in consequence the nature of transients, as well as the steady state situation, is entirely different, when comparing with traditional lines. Operation of the thermal protection (TP) at the MOV sparks the associated air-gap and thus shunts the MOV. However, high speed tripping of the first zone algorithm is basically prior to operation of the TP and thus there is no need to reflect the TP within the consid-ered here distance algorithm. Direct application of the classic distance protection (de-signed for traditional lines) to the series-compensated lines results in considerable shortening of the first zone reach and also in poor transient behavior [1]. In order to over-come these difficulties the new distance protection princi-ple for the first zone has been developed.
A tool to evaluate universal Web accessibility (2000)

The Web Accessibility Visual Evaluator (WAVE) is a tool that, in addition to performing automated checks, helps users perform the human judgments essential for evaluating if a web page is universally accessible to people with and without disabilities. For example, the WAVE (a) inserts the information accessed by people who are blind (e.g. alternative text, structural markup, reading order) into the representation seen by people who are sighted; (b) flags audio content requiring equivalents for people who are deaf; and (c) flags objects requiring continuous motor control that require equivalent discrete access for people with motor disabilities; thus helping the user evaluate whether access by people with and without disabilities is functionally equivalent.
Raman spectroscopic analysis of breast cancer tissues: identifying differences between normal, invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma <i>in situ</i> of the breast tissue (2007)

Abstract A relatively non‐destructive method employing Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of histopathological specimens is described. Raman spectroscopy has allowed qualitative analysis of the same specimen used for histopathological evaluation. Breast cancer tissues have been analysed to demonstrate the feasibility of the chemical changes taking place in the biological tissue, which can be identified precisely, and the results are reproducible. Raman analysis of tissue sections provides distinct spectra that can be used to distinguish between the nuclear grades of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. Sixty cases of breast carcinoma including DCIS and IDC and seven cases of normal breast tissues were studied employing the Raman spectroscopic technique. This study reports for the first time spectral differences between DCIS grades. It is concluded that Raman spectroscopy can objectively distinguish between DCIS and IDC grades and is non‐destructive and reproducible. It should become possible in future to use Raman spectroscopy as an informative and quantitative method suitable for classification of grades and diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraction, identification and characterization of the water-insoluble proteins from tobacco biomass (2011)

Satisfying recovery of TBPs was achieved using a two-step organic solvent extraction. The hydrophobicity and protein-pectin interaction of TBPs explained for this result.
A novel approach to the 2-D blind deconvolution problem in medical ultrasound (2005)

The finite frequency bandwidth of ultrasound transducers and the nonnegligible width of transmitted acoustic beams are the most significant factors that limit the resolution of medical ultrasound imaging. Consequently, in order to recover diagnostically important image details, obscured due to the resolution limitations, an image restoration procedure should be applied. The present study addresses the problem of ultrasound image restoration by means of the blind-deconvolution techniques. Given an acquired ultrasound image, algorithms of this kind perform either concurrent or successive estimation of the point-spread function (PSF) of the imaging system and the original image. In this paper, a blind-deconvolution algorithm is proposed, in which the PSF is recovered as a preliminary stage of the restoration problem. As the accuracy of this estimation affects all the following stages of the image restoration, it is considered as the most fundamental and important problem. The contribution of the present study is twofold. First, it introduces a novel approach to the problem of estimating the PSF, which is based on a generalization of several fundamental concepts of the homomorphic deconvolution. It is shown that a useful estimate of the spectrum of the PSF can be obtained by applying a proper smoothing operator to both log-magnitude and phase of the spectra of acquired radio-frequency (RF) images. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach performs considerably better than the existing homomorphic (cepstrum-based) deconvolution methods. Second, the study shows that given a reliable estimate of the PSF, it is possible to deconvolve it out of the RF-image and obtain an estimate of the true tissue reflectivity function, which is relatively independent of the properties of the imaging system. The deconvolution was performed using the maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimation framework for a number of statistical priors assumed for the reflectivity function. It is shown in a series of in vivo experiments that reconstructions based on the priors, which tend to emphasize the "sparseness" of the tissue structure, result in solutions of higher resolution and contrast.
The Definition and Principles of Volunteering: What's All the Fuss About? (2005)

There is a wide range of unpaid activity that takes place in Australia, including volunteering, student placements, caring, unpaid work in the home and unpaid work trials. All of these may have some common elements but it is only volunteering that encompasses the definition of benefit to the community and self; activity that takes place through notfor- profit organisations; is without payment; is by choice and without coercion and occurs in volunteer designated positions. This article discusses the definition and principles of volunteering as articulated through consultation with government, business, the notfor- profit sector and volunteers.
Ion implantation technology in SiC for power device applications (2014)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a newly-emerging wide bandgap semiconductor, by which high-voltage, low-loss power devices can be realized owing to its superior properties. Because of its strong bonding energy and thermal stability, however, special cares must be paid to form high-quality junctions by ion implantation. This paper reviews present status and remaining issues of ion implantation technology in SiC. Requirements of hot implantation and high-temperature annealing are discussed in terms of electrical activation, defect generation, and junction characteristics. Furthermore, recent progress in junction termination for high-voltage SiC devices by using ion implantation is described.
From and to the Golgi – defining the Wilson disease protein road map (2019)

Recent studies highlight the continued growth in the identification of a variety of cellular functions that involve the Golgi apparatus. Apart from well-known membrane sorting/trafficking and glycosylation machineries, the Golgi harbors molecular platforms operating in intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton organization, and protein quality control mechanisms. One of new emerging Golgi functions consists in the regulation of copper homeostasis by coordinating the relocation and activity of copper transporters. Of these, the Cu-transporting ATPase ATP7B (known as Wilson disease protein) plays a key role in the maintenance of the Cu balance in the body via the supply of essential Cu to the systemic circulation and via elimination of excess Cu into the bile. These activities require tightly regulated shuttling of ATP7B between the Golgi and different post-Golgi compartments. Despite significant progress over recent years, a number of issues regarding ATP7B trafficking remain to be clarified. This review summarizes current views on ATP7B trafficking pathways from and to the Golgi and underscores the challenges that should be addressed to define the ATP7B trafficking routes and mechanisms in health and disease.
Formulaçao híbrida do métodos dos elementos de contorno para problemas difusivo-advectivos (2006)

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A Case-Based Study with Radiologists Performing Diagnosis Tasks in Virtual Reality (2017)

In radiology diagnosis, medical images are most often visualized slice by slice. At the same time, the visualization based on 3D volumetric rendering of the data is considered useful and has increased its field of application. In this work, we present a case-based study with 16 medical specialists to assess the diagnostic effectiveness of a Virtual Reality interface in fracture identification over 3D volumetric reconstructions. We developed a VR volume viewer compatible with both the Oculus Rift and handheld-based head mounted displays (HMDs). We then performed user experiments to validate the approach in a diagnosis environment. In addition, we assessed the subjects' perception of the 3D reconstruction quality, ease of interaction and ergonomics, and also the users opinion on how VR applications can be useful in healthcare. Among other results, we have found a high level of effectiveness of the VR interface in identifying superficial fractures on head CTs.
Maximum Noble‐Metal Efficiency in Catalytic Materials: Atomically Dispersed Surface Platinum (2014)

Platinum is the most versatile element in catalysis, but it is rare and its high price limits large-scale applications, for example in fuel-cell technology. Still, conventional catalysts use only a small fraction of the Pt content, that is, those atoms located at the catalyst's surface. To maximize the noble-metal efficiency, the precious metal should be atomically dispersed and exclusively located within the outermost surface layer of the material. Such atomically dispersed Pt surface species can indeed be prepared with exceptionally high stability. Using DFT calculations we identify a specific structural element, a ceria "nanopocket", which binds Pt(2+) so strongly that it withstands sintering and bulk diffusion. On model catalysts we experimentally confirm the theoretically predicted stability, and on real Pt-CeO2 nanocomposites showing high Pt efficiency in fuel-cell catalysis we also identify these anchoring sites.
Hybrid seismic inversion: A reconnaissance tool for deepwater exploration (2000)

When exploring new areas, it is desirable to have a robust inversion methodology that can obtain reliable results in a reasonable time. In addition, it is also desirable that such inversion be run with or without any a priori well information. This is particularly important in deep water where well information is sparse and seismic data is the only information on which the initial exploration strategy can be based.
An in vitro patient-tailored model of human cerebral artery for simulating endovascular intervention (2005)

An in vitro patient-tailored reproduction model of cerebral artery, a hardware platform for simulating endovascular intervention for making diagnoses and surgical trainings is presented. 3-D configuration of vessel lumen is reproduced as vessel model with 13 μm modeling resolution, using CT and MRI information. Physical characteristics of cerebral artery, such as elastic modulus and friction coefficient, are also reproduced. We also propose a novel method to visualize stress condition on vessel wall using photoelastic effect. Consequently, it should be helpful for clinical applications, academic researches and other various purposes.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR OUTLIER REMOVAL FROM LIDAR DATA (2014)

Abstract. Outlier detection in LiDAR point clouds is a necessary process before the subsequent modelling. So far, many studies have been done in order to remove the outliers from LiDAR data. Some of the existing algorithms require ancillary data such as topographic map, multiple laser returns or intensity data which may not be available, and some deal only with the single isolated outliers. This is an attempt to present an algorithm to remove both the single and cluster types of outliers, by exclusively use of the last return data. The outliers will be removed by spatial analyzing of LiDAR point clouds in a hierarchical scheme that is uses a cross-validation technique. The algorithm is tested on a dataset including many single and cluster outliers. Our algorithm can deal with both the irregular LiDAR point clouds and the regular grid data. Experimental results show that the presented algorithm almost completely detects both the single and cluster outliers, but some inlier points are wrongly removed as outlier. An accuracy assessment indicated 0.018% Error α and, 0.352% Error β that are very satisfactory.
El acuerdo económico y de comercio global UE-Canadá (CETA): el impacto de las reglas de origen preferenciales (2016)

espanolEl Acuerdo Economico y de Comercio Global (CETA) entre la UE y Canada no supondra un incremento significativo de los intercambios entre ambos mercados debido al caracter restrictivo de sus reglas de origen. El analisis de los mecanismos de acumulacion total y diagonal de estas reglas de origen revela que esa situacion podria cambiar con la eventual futura firma del TTIP, pero ese objetivo parece hoy mas lejano que nunca EnglishThe Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) will not increase dramatically the trade flows between the european and canadian markets. Its limited impact is a consequence of the restrictive character of the preferential rules of origin of the CETA. The analysis of the full and diagonal cumulation provisions reveals the possible change of this situation with the future conclusion of the TTIP, but this target looks far and away today.
Purification of ArcA and analysis of is specific interaction with the <i>pfl</i> promoter‐regulatory region (1995)

ArcA is one of several transcription factors required for optimal anaerobic induction of the pyruvate formatelyase (pfl) operon. To aid the study at the molecular level of the interaction of ArcA with the pfl promoter-regulatory region we developed a procedure for the isolation of ArcA. The purification of ArcA involved chromatography in heparin agarose, hydroxylapatite and Mono-Q matrices and delivered a protein that was > 95% pure. Gel retardation assays demonstrated that ArcA bound specifically to the pfl regulatory region. Three distinct ArcA-DNA complexes could be resolved depending on the ArcA concentration used. This finding suggested that either multiple ArcA-binding sites are present in the regulatory region or that ArcA can oligomerize at one or more sites. The DNA-binding activity of ArcA could be increased as estimated 10-fold by prior incubation of the protein with carbamoyl phosphate, suggesting that phosphorylation activates DNA binding or oligomerisation. DNase I footprint analyses identified four sites that were protected by ArcA from cleavage. Two of these sites spanned the transcription start site and -10 regions of promoters 6 and 7, while a third site partially overlapped the characterized binding site of integration host factor (IHF). ArcA exhibited the highest affinity for a stretch of DNA located between the IHF site and the transcription start site of promoter 7. These results are congruent with the hypothesis that a higher-order nucleoprotein complex comprising several proteins, including ArcA, is required to activate transcription from the multiple promoters of the pfl operon.
Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vectors: One Vector, Many Guises (2017)

Viruses have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms to transfer their genome efficiently into host cells. Viruses can be repurposed into viral vectors to achieve controlled gene transfer to desired cells. One of the most popular classes of vectors, lentiviral vectors (LVs), transduce mammalian cells efficiently. LVs are pseudotyped with various heterologous viral envelopes to alter their tropism. While the most common example is the envelope glycoprotein from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVG), many other viral proteins have also been used. Pseudotyping LVs with a diverse set of naturally occurring or engineered viral envelopes has allowed targeted transduction of specific cell types. Many exciting studies are further uncovering new specificities and shortcomings of pseudotyped LVs. These studies will expand the toolbox to make LVs that cater to the specific requirements of transduction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various viral envelope pseudotypes used with LVs, their specificities, advantages, and drawbacks.
Nucleation Parameters for Discrete Threshold Growth on Z<sup>2</sup> (1997)

Abstract Threshold Growth is a cellular automaton on an integer lattice in which the occupied set grows according to a simple local rule: a site becomes occupied if and only if it sees at least a threshold number of previously occupied sites in its prescribed neighborhood. We study the minimal number of sites that these dynamics need for persistent growth in two dimensions. Keywords: Threshold Growthnucleationcellular automata
A probabilistic replication and storage scheme for large wireless networks of small devices (2008)

Nodes in wireless ad hoc networks are often limited in terms of resources, such as storage, power, and bandwidth. A downside of this is the fact that local storage at one node cannot accommodate the vast amount of data contained in the network. In this paper, we present SharedState, a scheme for storage, replication, and distribution of common-interest data in wireless networks of resource-constrained devices (e.g. sensor nodes or embedded devices). SharedState works under the assumption that individual nodes would greatly benefit from having access to the wealth of information in the network, but are unable to store it locally at once. SharedState strives to make data available to every node by providing local access to a subset of the whole collection of data items in the network at any moment in time and ensuring that this subset is updated periodically. This is accomplished by probabilistic propagation and replication of data items, ensuring the availability and persistence of information in the face of changing network conditions. We evaluate the performance of SharedState by studying the effectiveness with which nodes can gather information from the network. In addition, we optimize the bandwidth usage of our proposed solution by minimizing unnecessary communication based on feedback from the local neighborhood.