gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CDP-choline: Effects of the procholine supplement on sensory gating and executive function in healthy volunteers stratified for low, medium and high P50 suppression (2014)

Diminished auditory sensory gating and associated neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been linked to altered expression and function of the alpha-7 nicotinic acetycholinergic receptor (α7 nAChR), the targeting of which may have treatment potential. Choline is a selective α7 nAChR agonist and the aim of this study was to determine whether cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), or citicoline, a dietary source of choline, increases sensory gating and cognition in healthy volunteers stratified for gating level. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design involving acute administration of low, moderate doses (500 mg, 1000 mg) of CDP-choline, 24 healthy volunteers were assessed for auditory gating as indexed by suppression of the P50 event-related potential (ERP) in a paired-stimulus (S1, S2) paradigm, and for executive function as measured by the Groton Maze Learning Task (GMLT) of the CogState Schizophrenia Battery. CDP-choline improved gating (1000 mg) and suppression of the S2 P50 response (500 mg, 1000 mg), with the effects being selective for individuals with low gating (suppression) levels. Tentative support was also shown for increased GMLT performance (500 mg) in low suppressors. These preliminary findings with CDP-choline in a healthy, schizophrenia-like surrogate sample are consistent with a α7 nAChR mechanism and support further trials with choline as a pro-cognitive strategy.
Indoor Positioning System Using Ultrasonic and RF (2017)

본 논문은 실내에서 위치를 측정하기 위해 초음파와 RF 기반의 실내 측위 시스템을 제안한다. 기존의 실내 측위 방안은 시간 동기화, 시스템의 복잡도, 측위의 정확성 등의 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 초음파와 무선주파수(RF)를 이용한 송수신 시스템을 제안한다. 송신시스템은 한 쌍의 초음파 송신기와 RF 송신기로 구성하고, 수신시스템은 복수의 초음파 수신기들과 하나의 RF 수신기로 구성한다. 또한, 제안된 시스템이 가질 수 있는 성능의 한계를 수학적으로 분석하였다. 제안된 시스템은 시뮬레이션뿐만 아니라 아두이노 모듈을 이용하여 실제 시스템을 제작하여 측위 성능을 평가하였다. 실내 공간 <TEX>$2m{\times}2m{\times}2m$</TEX>에서 25개 지점의 위치를 측정한 결과, 평균 6.1cm, 표준편차 1.6cm의 성능을 보였다. In this paper, we propose a ultrasonic and RF-based indoor localization system. In previous work, various systems were proposed for indoor localization, but they have limitation in applicability due to time-synchronization, complexity, or accuracy. To overcome such problems, an indoor localization system with ultrasonic and RF is proposed. A transmitting system is composed of a pair of ultrasonic and RF transmitters and the receiving system is composed of multiple ultrasonic receivers and one RF receiver. The theoretical performance limitation is also analyzed. To verify localization performance, we have implemented a receiving systems and a transmitting system using Arduino modules. Experiments were performed in <TEX>$2m{\times}2m{\times}2m$</TEX> space and the localization errors had a mean of 6.1cm and a standard deviation of 1.6cm.
Novel decoupling circuit enabling notable electromagnetic noise suppression and high-density packaging in a digital printed circuit board (2002)

This paper describes a novel decoupling circuit comprising magnetic materials and built-in choking coils which makes it possible to significantly suppress noise in a digital printed circuit board (PCB). It is well known that the common-mode current existing in the cables and chassis of digital equipment causes major radio frequency radiation from equipment. We found that the common-mode current in the digital PCB could be substantially reduced by enhancing the decoupling circuit of the DC supply line near the LSIs in the PCB. Experiments confirmed that use of the enhanced circuit greatly reduces the amount of radio frequency radiation emitted from digital equipment under normal circumstances.
Synthesis of surfactant-associated protein, 35,000 daltons, in fetal lung (1986)

The major human pulmonary surfactant-associated protein of 35,000 daltons (Da) (SAP-35), consists of a group of related proteins of 27,000-36,000 Da, with isoelectric points ranging from pH 4.6 to 5.2. SAP-35 precursors were identified by immunoprecipitation of protein products of in vitro translation of normal adult human poly(A)+ mRNA with human SAP-35 antiserum. The translation products nearly comigrated with the most basic components of alveolar SAP-35 (mol mass = 24,500-27,000 Da). Processing of the primary translation products by canine pancreatic microsomal membranes increased their apparent molecular weight to 29,000-30,000-Da forms, which were sensitive to endoglycosidase F, suggesting the addition of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides to the molecules. A smaller protein of 24,500 Da was generated during treatment with canine microsomal membranes likely representing cleavage of a signal peptide. SAP-35 was not detected in explants of [35S]methionine-labeled fetal lung (20-24 wk gestation) after 1 day of culture or immunoprecipitates of in vitro translated poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from fetal human lung. However, after 3-5 days of organ culture, synthesis of SAP-35 was readily detected by immunoprecipitation of [35S] methionine-labeled tissue. Fully sialylated (neuraminidase-sensitive forms) comigrated with fully glycosylated SAP-35 isolated from human surfactant. High mannose (endoglycosidase H-sensitive precursors) were also synthesized by the organ cultures and were distinct from the secreted form in surfactant. Synthesis of surfactant-associated SAP-35 and its precursors was induced in association with morphological maturation of the type II epithelial cell during organ culture of human fetal lung.
Lessons from applied large-scale pooling of 133,816 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests (2021)

Pooling multiple swab samples before RNA extraction and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis has been proposed as a strategy to reduce costs and increase throughput of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests. However, reports on practical large-scale group testing for SARS-CoV-2 have been scant. Key open questions concern reduced sensitivity due to sample dilution, the rate of false positives, the actual efficiency (number of tests saved by pooling), and the impact of infection rate in the population on assay performance. Here, we report an analysis of 133,816 samples collected between April and September 2020 and tested by Dorfman pooling for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. We spared 76% of RNA extraction and RT-PCR tests, despite the frequently changing prevalence (0.5 to 6%). We observed pooling efficiency and sensitivity that exceeded theoretical predictions, which resulted from the nonrandom distribution of positive samples in pools. Overall, our findings support the use of pooling for efficient large-scale SARS-CoV-2 testing.
Thin Film Structure and Defects (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Thin Film Nucleation and Growth Structure of Thin Films Thin Film Structure Zone Models
Video imaging for real-time performance monitoring of growing-finishing pigs (2012)

Visual image analysis (VIA) uses aerial-view images of animals to determine body surface dimensions and may be used for real-time monitoring of pig growth. The objectives were to assess the ability of Qscan, a European VIA system, to accurately estimate: (1) live body weight (BW) of individual pigs, and (2) mean BW for groups of pigs. Qscan is not recommended for predicting BW of individual pigs. Differences in accuracy were observed between and within trials. Qscan predicted mean pen BW on average within 2 kg of actual mean pen BW. Overall, video imaging of growing-finishing pigs appears promising for real-time monitoring of growth performance, but further evaluation is required. Future work should focus on improving the automated selection of appropriate images, identifying individual animals and developing specific algorithms to account for gender and genotypic effects on the relationship between body surface area and BW.
Diffuse excessive high signal intensity on term equivalent MRI does not predict disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020)

CRD42019130576.
FEATURE EXTRACTION AND MATCHING AS SIGNAL DETECTION (1994)

This paper discusses detection and matching of arbitrary image features or patterns. The common characteristics of feature extraction and matching are summarized which show that they can be considered as special cases of a more general problem—signal detection. However, the existing signal detection theories do not solve feature extraction and matching problems readily. Therefore, a general formulation of feature extraction and matching as a problem of signal detection is presented. This formulation unifies feature extraction and matching into a more general framework so that the two can be better integrated to form an automatic system for image matching or object recognition. Following this formulation, guidelines for designing algorithms for detection or matching of arbitrary image features or patterns which can be easily implemented or reconfigurated for many practical applications are derived. Sample algorithms resulting from this formulation and the associated experimental results with real image data are provided which demonstrate the performance and robustness of the methods.
Peptide alterations in autonomic diabetic neuropathy prevented by acetyl-L-carnitine. (1992)

Autonomic neuropathy and gastrointestinal problems are among the most common complications of diabetes. In this report it is shown that a possible correlation between the two disorders might exist, since diabetes causes a profound alteration of the peptidergic innervation of the gut. It is reported that 14 weeks after diabetes induction with alloxan the levels of substance P and methionine-enkephalin are markedly reduced throughout the intestine, while vasoactive intestinal polypeptide content is dramatically increased. Therefore the enteric innervation of diabetic animals is completely disorganized, with some systems undergoing atrophy and others undergoing hypertrophy. Treatment of diabetic animals with acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the onset of the marked peptide changes described above. The results suggest a potential for acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of autonomic neuropathies.
GRAPHICAL MODELING: A NEW RESPONSE TYPE FOR MEASURING THE QUALITATIVE COMPONENT OF MATHEMATICAL REASONING (1999)

ABSTRACT This study investigated the psychometric functioning of Graphical Modeling (GM) – a new computer‐delivered response type for assessing mathematical reasoning that asks candidates to respond to a problem situation by creating a graphical representation. GM problems can be like the single‐best‐answer items currently found on the General Test or they can be more loosely defined, allowing for multiple correct responses. Two GM tests differing from one another in the manipulation of specific item features were randomly spiraled among study participants. Analyses were performed relating to internal consistency reliability, relations with external criteria, features that contribute to item difficulty, adverse gender impact, and examinee perceptions. Results showed that GM scores were very reliable and moderately related to the General Test's quantitative section, suggesting that the introduction of GM items on the General Test might help broaden the GRE quantitative construct. In exploratory analyses of difficulty, one of three manipulated item features, problem structure, had a significant effect. Our impact analyses detected no significant gender differences independent of those associated with the GRE quantitative section. Finally, while more participants preferred regular multiple‐choice graphical reasoning questions to GM items, more also thought GM was the fairer indicator of their ability to undertake graduate study.
New Spin-Crossover Compounds Containing the [Ni(mnt)] Anion (mnt = Maleonitriledithiolate) (2021)

Two novel salts containing the anion [Ni(mnt)2]− (mnt = maleonitriledithiolate) have been synthesized. The counter-ions, [Fe(II)(L1 or L2)2], are cationic complexes where L1 and L2 are methylated derivatives of 2,6-bis(pyazolyl)pyridine or pyrazine, which are similar to ligands found in a series of spin-crossover (SCO) complexes. Both salts are characterized by variable temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction and bulk magnetization measurements. Compound 1, [Fe(II)(L1)2][Ni(mnt)2]2 displays an incomplete and gradual SCO up to 300 K, followed by a more rapid increase in the high-spin fraction between 300 and 350 K. Compound 2, [Fe(II)(L2)2][Ni(mnt)2]2.MeNO2, shows a gradual, but more complete SCO response centered at 250 K. For compound 2, the SCO is confirmed by variable temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy. In both cases, the anionic moieties are isolated from each other and so no electrical conductivity is observed.
Simulation Platform to Investigate Safe Operation of Human-Robot Collaboration Systems (2016)

In industrial human-robot collaboration (HRC) the question, how can such systems be designed safely is paramount. In general, it is difficult to assess those systems with all their capabilities prior to commissioning. In this paper we propose specialized simulation tools as one potential solution to this issue. We use real-world geometrical data to investigate different algorithms and safety strategies. One strategy is the use of a genetic algorithm for collision avoidance to deal with amounts of data in short computing times. This is a solution to find a safe distance with adaptive speed in HRC assembly applications.
IBM single chip RISC processor (RSC) (2003)

A highly integrated single-chip microprocessor is described that combines a powerful RISC architecture and superscalar machine organization with system design optimizations appropriate for low cost workstation applications. This RISC single-chip (RSC) processor can dispatch up to two instructions per cycle and concurrently execute up to three instructions per cycle. The design integrates a fixed-point execution unit, a floating-point execution unit, an in-page branch unit, an 8-Kbyte unified cache, a memory management unit, a DMA controller, an interrupt controller, ECC on the memory interface, a real-time clock and decrementer, built-in self-test, and a versatile engineering support processor interface on a single die.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor underlying transitions between internalizing symptoms and aggressive behavior in early adolescents. (2014)

The high degree of comorbidity among mental disorders has generated interest in identifying transdiagnostic processes associated with multiple types of psychopathology. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema conceptualized rumination as one such transdiagnostic process associated with depression, anxiety, substance abuse, binge eating, and self-injurious behavior. The degree to which rumination accounts for the co-occurrence of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, however, has never been tested. We used a sample of early adolescents (N = 1,065) assessed at 3 time points spanning 7 months to examine (a) the reciprocal prospective associations between rumination and aggressive behavior in adolescents, (b) whether rumination explained the longitudinal associations of aggressive behavior with depression and anxiety symptoms, and (c) gender differences in these associations. Rumination predicted increases over time in aggressive behavior, and aggression was associated with increases in rumination over time only for boys. Rumination fully mediated the longitudinal association of aggression with subsequent anxiety symptoms and of both depression and anxiety symptoms with subsequent aggression in boys but not girls. Rumination did not explain the association between aggression and subsequent depressive symptoms for either boys or girls. These findings provide novel evidence for the role of rumination as a transdiagnostic factor underlying transitions between internalizing and externalizing symptoms among males during early adolescence. Interventions aimed at reducing rumination may have beneficial influences on multiple forms of psychopathology and on the development of comorbidity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).
Targeting the HGF-cMET Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2013)

Under normal physiological conditions, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, the MET transmembrane tyrosine kinase (cMET), are involved in embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound healing. The HGF-cMET axis promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion via modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the third most common cause of worldwide cancer-related mortality; advanced disease is associated with a paucity of therapeutic options and a five-year survival rate of only 10%. Dysregulation of the HGF-cMET pathway is implicated in HCC carcinogenesis and progression through activation of multiple signaling pathways; therefore, cMET inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment. The authors review HGF-cMET structure and function in normal tissue and in HCC, cMET inhibition in HCC, and future strategies for biomarker identification.
Language Guided Fashion Image Manipulation with Feature-wise Transformations (2018)

Developing techniques for editing an outfit image through natural sentences and accordingly generating new outfits has promising applications for art, fashion and design. However, it is considered as a certainly challenging task since image manipulation should be carried out only on the relevant parts of the image while keeping the remaining sections untouched. Moreover, this manipulation process should generate an image that is as realistic as possible. In this work, we propose FiLMedGAN, which leverages feature-wise linear modulation (FiLM) to relate and transform visual features with natural language representations without using extra spatial information. Our experiments demonstrate that this approach, when combined with skip connections and total variation regularization, produces more plausible results than the baseline work, and has a better localization capability when generating new outfits consistent with the target description.
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of pharmacological therapy in osteoarthritis of the hip. (1997)

NSAID trials in patients with OA of the hip appear to be weakened by the lack of standardization of case definition of OA, and also by the lack of standardization of outcome assessments. No recommendations for the choice of specific NSAID therapy in hip OA can be offered based on this analysis.
International Coercion and the Diffusion of Regulatory Data Protection (2016)

Prior to 1990, regulatory data protection existed only in 14 highly developed countries. Since then, 60 additional countries have adopted regulatory data protection. New adopters include a large number of countries with no domestic pharmaceutical industry. These countries will face higher pharmaceutical prices as a result of offering regulatory data protection. Why would countries that stand to lose from offering regulatory data protection choose to do so? The author argues that the global diffusion of regulatory data protection can be directly traced to international coercion from the United States and the European Union (EU). The US coerces weaker trading partners into adopting regulatory data protection by requiring such protection as a condition of concluding trade agreements or bilateral intellectual property agreements. Meanwhile, the EU coerces applicants by demanding that they adopt such rights during EU accession negotiations, on average four years prior to accession. He tested these claims using a multi‐method research design that combines event history analysis with evidence from leaked US diplomatic cables and public EU accession documents. His findings demonstrate that coercive diffusion can take place by means of threats, and that countries often actively oppose adopting intellectual property rights, but nevertheless adopt them due to international coercion.
Systematic Design of Space-Time Trellis Codes for Diversity and Coding Advantages (2002)

The emerging need for high data rate wireless services has raised considerable interest in space-time coding. In this work, we propose a systematic code construction method that jointly considers diversity advantage and coding advantage for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas and any memoryless constellation. Our approach is to directly assign channel symbols to transmit antennas at different states by exploiting the properties of the state transitions in the trellis. The code construction problem is reduced to a combinatorial optimization problem and a computationally efficient suboptimal solution is proposed. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated by designing space-time trellis codes for QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK, asymmetric QPSK and 4ASK constellations. Space-time code construction for a large number of transmit antennas (6, 8, and 10) is also considered. The simulations show that our design procedure results in codes that outperform the ones constructed by previously existing methods. The achievable performance gain is governed by the distance structure of the chosen constellation.
Antipruritic Effects of the Fruits of Chaenomeles sinensis (2003)

A 35% EtOH extract of the fruits of Chaenomeles sinensis, long utilized as a folk medicine for cough, significantly inhibited the pruritogenic agent compound 48/80 (COM)-induced scratching behavior in mice. Antipruritic activity-guided fractionation and purification yielded active quercetin, apigenin, and catechin derivatives, which exhibited significant inhibitory effects on COM-induced scratching behavior. To the best of our knowledge, apigenin (5), apigenin 7-glucronide (6), and apigenin 4'-methoxy-7-glucronide (acacetin 7-glucronide) (7) were isolated from the fruits of C. sinensis for the first time. The active fraction and these compounds also inhibited serotonin-, platelet activating factor-, and prostaglandin E(2)-induced scratching behavior, but did not inhibit histamine-induced scratching behavior or locomotive behavior. This study also showed that the fruits of C. sinensis could be used to treat allergic itching sensation.
Dynamic filamentation and beam quality of quantum-dot lasers (2004)

We present a comparative study of numerical simulations and experiments on the spatiotemporal dynamics and emission characteristics of quantum-well and quantum-dot lasers of identical structure. They show that, in the quantum-dot laser, the strong localization of carrier inversion and the small amplitude–phase coupling enable a significant improvement of beam quality compared to quantum-well lasers of identical geometry. Near-field profiles and beam quality (M2) parameters calculated on the basis of time-dependent effective Maxwell–Bloch equations into which the physical properties of the active media are included via space-dependent material parameters, effective time constants, and matrix elements are fully confirmed by experimental measurements. Together they indicate that, in the quantum-dot laser, the strong localization of carrier inversion and the small amplitude–phase coupling enable a significant improvement of beam quality compared with quantum-well lasers of identical geometry.