gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, Its Tissue Inhibitor, and Nuclear Factor-κB by Losartan in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits (2002)

Upregulation of angiotensin II receptor, may be involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. To examine the contribution of AT1 receptor in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) in lipid-deposited arterial tissues, New Zealand white rabbits were given high-cholesterol chow (with losartan 25 mg/d or vehicle) for 10 weeks. Losartan reduced the areas of sudanophilia in the aorta of rabbits fed high-cholesterol diet (p < 0.01 vs. control). Losartan also significantly decreased the enhanced mRNA expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-2 in aortas of rabbits with high-cholesterol diet. Losartan-treated rabbits revealed a reduction in immunohistochemical expression of MMP-1, whereas TIMP-2 expression became localized to the intima. In addition, losartan treatment reduced the activation of NF-kappa B by inhibiting the degradation of its inhibitor I kappa-B alpha. These observations demonstrate that AT1 receptor blockade with losartan reduces lipid deposition and exerts potent inhibitory effects on NF-kappa B activation and modulates the expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-2 in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Extended life for blood serum analysis columns using dual zone chromatographic materials (1990)

Column lifetimes of novel dual zone material (DZM) adsorbents were evaluated by direct serum injection analysis for drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography. Porous silica was converted to DZMs in which the outer zone was enriched in an immobilized lipophobic moiety, the perfluorobutylethylenesilyl group, and the internal zone was enriched in a lipophilic octadecylsilyl group. Performance during repetitive serum analyses for phenobarbital and carbamezepine by reverse phase HPLC was compared to that of control adsorbents of the same composition but without the dual zone distribution. The DZM columns had lifetimes up to 4 times longer than the controls. Furthermore, under these conditions, even the control columns had considerably longer lifetimes than conventional but more retentive reverse phase columns. The DZM column lifetimes also appeared to be comparable to or better than those of the recently introduced Pinkerton packings and have much better adsorbent design flexibility and pH operating latitute.
High-performance circular TE/sub 01/-mode converter (2005)

This study presents the design and cold testing of a Ka-band TE/sub 01/-mode converter. A wave is efficiently converted from the TE/sub 10/ rectangular waveguide mode into the TE/sub 01/ circular waveguide mode. This converter comprises a power-dividing section and a mode-converting section. The field pattern and the working principle of each section are analyzed and discussed. A prototype was built and tested. Back-to-back transmission measurements exhibit excellent agreement to the results of computer simulations. The measured optimum transmissions are 97% with a 1-dB bandwidth of 5.8 GHz centered at 34.0 GHz. The angle-independent transmissions manifest high mode purity and the field pattern is directly demonstrated on a temperature-sensitive liquid-crystal sheet. In addition to exhibiting a high conversion efficiency, high mode purity, and broad bandwidth, this converter is also easy to construct and is structurally simple.
High Prevalence of Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Diabetic Youths (1983)

M-mode echocardiography was performed on 107 young insulin-dependent diabetic subjects aged 2-24 yr (mean +/- SE: 13.8 +/- 0.4 yr) and 636 age-group matched controls. All patients were normotensive and free of cardiorespiratory symptoms. Diabetic patients showed a high prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities that increased with age. Mean dimensions of the left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle (systolic and diastolic) were increased significantly in diabetic individuals (P less than 0.01). Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum was present in some patients older than 12 yr of age. Mean interventricular septum excursion was markedly decreased in diabetic individuals compared with controls (3.9 +/- 0.1 mm versus 5.6 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively; P less than 0.01). Fifteen percent of the diabetic patients but none of the controls had septal excursions less than 3 mm (2 SD below mean). Patients with decreased septal excursions showed a higher prevalence of other echocardiographic abnormalities than patients with normal septal excursions. Echocardiographic abnormalities did not correlate with either duration of diabetes or glucose control as assessed by hemoglobin A1c and plasma glucose concentrations at the time of echocardiographic testing. The results show a high prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in young diabetic subjects that may represent preclinical cardiomyopathy.
<title>Prefetching: PACS image management optimization using HIS/RIS information</title> (1991)

From the user's point of view -- and that should be the starting point for the development of any information system -- a full-scale PACS has to do at least two things: (a) offer access to all available patient data, both the pictorial and the alphanumeric data, from the workstation, and (b) the response time related to the retrieval and display of these data must at least be acceptable. In order to be able to meet both requirements, the PACS must be linked with the HIS/RIS. For the first requirement, the HIS/RIS will in general be the main source for supplying alphanumeric patient data. The second demand can only be fulfilled if the PACS is able to manage its image database properly. A strategy which provides a way to optimize PACS image management using information generated elsewhere (e.g., by the HIS/RIS) is called prefetching. In this paper, a model of prefetching is presented, and a number of possible parameters for the prefetching algorithm are discussed. Finally, a method for evaluating the effectiveness of the algorithm is proposed and illustrated with the first results of a pilot study carried out in the Leiden University Hospital.
Different roles of ERK and p38 MAP kinases during tube formation from endothelial cells cultured in 3‐dimensional collagen matrices (2004)

In a two-dimensional (2D) culture dish, the major activity of endothelial cells is proliferation with limited morphological change. When cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen gel matrix, endothelial cells undergo a series of morphological changes starting with development of intracellular vacuoles and followed by cell elongation. Adjacent cells then coalesce to form tube-like structures. This process mimics the steps of capillary formation during angiogenesis. Using this model, we investigated the roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase (p38) in the tube formation from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Proliferating HUVEC gradually lost their ability to divide after being transferred to 3D collagen matrices, where differentiation became the dominant cellular activity. The transition from proliferation to the differentiation state was accompanied by a drastic reduction of cyclin-dependent kinases CDC2, CDK4, and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, but the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27kip1, was increased. Inhibition of p38 by SB203580 partially prevented these changes and increased the proliferation rate of HUVEC. However, cells under this condition exhibited unusually elongated cell bodies, and they were unable to coalesce to form tube structures. Inhibition of ERK neither affected the cell proliferation rate nor the expression levels of cell cycle regulators, but it completely blocked tube formation by inducing apoptosis, a finding different from the best-known role of ERK in cell proliferation in the 2D cell culture systems. We conclude that the major function of ERK is to maintain cell viability while p38 plays multiple roles in controlling cell proliferation, viability, and morphogenesis during tube formation.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE BRAIN CATHEPSIN D (1979)

Abstract— Bovine brain cathepsin D was purified 1774‐fold with a 19% recovery by affinity chromatography on immobilized pepstatin. Approximately 2 mg of enzyme protein were isolated from 150 g (wet weight) of bovine brain. The enzyme eluted from gel filtration as a single peak with a molecular weight of 40,000–42,000. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the predominant band migrated with a molecular weight of 48,000: however, less distinct bands were also present in the molecular weight ranges of 31,000 and 13,000. The isolated enzyme had isoelectric points over a range of pH 5–7 with 3 major peaks occurring at pH 5.6, 6.1, and 6.6. The amino acid composition of brain cathepsin D showed substantial differences from that reported for cathepsin D isolated from bovine spleen. Amino‐terminal sequence analysis revealed an Asp‐Val‐lle sequence by Edman degradation. With hemoglobin as the substrate the enzyme had an apparent K, of 60mM.
The role of high rates of glycolysis and glutamine utilization in rapidly dividing cells (1985)

The rates of utilization of both glucose and glutamine are high in rapidly dividing ceils such as enterocytes, lymphocytes, thymocytes, tumour cells; the oxidation of both glucose and glutamine is only partial, glucose to lactate and glutamine to glutamate, alanine or aspartate; and these partial processes are termed glycolysis and glutaminolysis respectively. Both processes generate energy and also provide precursors for important biosynthetic processes in such cells. However, the rates of utilization of precursors for macromolecular biosynthesis are very low in comparison to the rates oi partial oxidation, and energy generation per se may not be the correct explanation for high rates of glycolysis and glutaminolysis in these cells since oxidation is only partial and other fuels can be used to generate energy. Both the high fluxes and the metabolic characteristics of these two processes can be explained by application of quantitative principles of control as applied to branched metabolic pathway s (Crabtree & Newsholme, 1985). If the flux through one branch is greatly in excess of the other, then the sensitivity of the flux of the low-flux pathway to regulators is very high. Hence, it is suggested that, in rapidly dividing ceils, high rates of glycolysis and gtutaminolysis are required not for energy or precursor provision per se but for high sensitivity of the pathways involved in the use of precursors for macromolecular synthesis to specific regulators to permithigh rates of proliferation when required for example, in lymphocytes in response to a massive infection.
Mechanical properties at high strain rates (1994)

In the range of high strain rates, the mechanical behaviour of materials is characterized by an increased strain rate sensitivity, by increasing effects of mass inertia forces and by the adiabatic character of the deformation process. For the relation between stress, strain and strain rate, empirical formulae are now mostly replaced by material laws based on structural mechanical models, whose parameters are to be determined by adequate systematic methods. Also special effects such as the influence of strain rate on the strain at the lower yield point of bcc-metals can be quantitatively described by simple models. The fracture mode and ductility are highly affected by the strain rate. The elongation at fracture can be increased due to the stabilising effect of the strain rate sensitivity similar to the super plastic behaviour. On the other hand, it can be reduced by the thermal induced instability, by the increasing sensitivity for internal notches and by the multiaxial stress state caused by inertia forces. The strain rate affects also the ductile fracture conditions as well as the transition temperature to clearage fracture.
LSR defines cell corners for tricellular tight junction formation in epithelial cells (2011)

Epithelial cell contacts consist of not only bicellular contacts but also tricellular contacts, where the corners of three cells meet. At tricellular contacts, tight junctions (TJs) generate specialized structures termed tricellular TJs (tTJs) to seal the intercellular space. Tricellulin is the only known molecular component of tTJs and is involved in the formation of tTJs, as well as in the normal epithelial barrier function. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of how tTJs are formed and maintained remains elusive. Using a localization-based expression cloning method, we identified a novel tTJ-associated protein known as lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR). Upon LSR knockdown in epithelial cells, tTJ formation was affected and the epithelial barrier function was diminished. Tricellulin accumulation at the tricellular contacts was also diminished in these cells. By contrast, LSR still accumulated at the tricellular contacts upon tricellulin knockdown. Analyses of deletion mutants revealed that the cytoplasmic domain of LSR was responsible for the recruitment of tricellulin. On the basis of these observations, we propose that LSR defines tricellular contacts in epithelial cellular sheets by acting as a landmark to recruit tricellulin for tTJ formation.
<title>Graded-Index Surfaces And Films</title> (1983)

Reducing or eliminating reflectance of electromagnetic radiation from surfaces has important technical and commercial applications. Graded-index surfaces are of interest because they have low reflectivity over much broader spectral regions and angles of incidence than conventional thin film coatings. This paper reviews methods to calculate the reflectivity and to estimate the refractive-index profile of graded-index surfaces. Charactertistic properties and techniques to produce graded-index surfaces are reviewed. The results of recent measurements of laser-induced damage to graded-index surfaces are summarized.
Elasticity of a percolation system: silica smoke (1987)

Cab-O-Sil powder is a cluster aggregate of silica spheres formed from silica smoke. The fractal dimension of clusters of 14 nm diameter spheres is determined to be [Formula: see text], in good agreement with that calculated for the cluster-aggregate model, [Formula: see text]. Measurements of Young's modulus (Y) of packed 7 nm Cab-O-Sil powder, with an occupied volume fraction in the range 0.035 < f < 0.3, are well described by the percolation threshold f c = 0.017 ± 0.002 and an elasticity exponent τ = 2.9 ± 0.2. The measured exponent is larger than the calculated scalar Born (balls and springs) result, τ = 2.0, but smaller than the more realistic bond-bending result, τ > 3.55. The measured result is attributed to bond bending within a complex percolation structure.
Water-dispersible graphene paste for flexible conductive patterns and films (2016)

Flexible electronics has emerged as an independent field and matured over the past decades due to they can provide a lot of benefits as compared with traditional rigid printed circuit boards, such as better durability, lighter weight, higher space efficiency, and improved comfort. Graphene-based electronics provide new opportunities for flexible electronics because of their superior properties including high electrical conductivity, high mechanical flexibility, high carrier mobility, and so forth. In this work, a water-dispersible graphene paste (WGP) was used as raw materials to fabricate flexible conductive patterns and films on various substrates. The water dispersions have noteworthy advantages over those obtained in organic solvents, such as low cost, absence of solvent toxicity and capacity for green chemistry compatibility with hydrophilic substrates, also avoiding post-reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to obtain electrical conductivity. The microstructures and rheological properties of the WGP were firstly studied. Then, the WGP with a high concentration of 20 mg mL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> was directly printed on flexible substrates such as paper and PET film by a simple and low-cost stencil printing method to obtain various printed patterns. The electrical properties and durability of the printed patterns were investigated under different deformations such as bending and folding. The printed conductive patterns show a good conductivity and which can be visually demonstrated by lighting a LED bulb with a 3 V power source. The WGP conductive line on paper exhibits excellent electrical stability (~5% of relative change of resistance) after 1500 bending cycles. Moreover, after dilution of the WGP to a low concentration of 2 mg mL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , it can be used to fabricate a flexible conductive film on PET substrate by spray coating technology, and which shows a low sheet resistance of ~14.33 Ω sq <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> at a thickness of ~5 μm. The results reveal that the WGP possess outstanding electronic properties and have great potential for the convenient fabrication of flexible and low-cost graphene based electronics on various substrates including flexible paper and plastics, by using a simple stencil printing method or spray printing technology.
The Development of Normal Fear: A Review <sup>*</sup> (1987)

This review synthesizes literature on how human and other mammalian young develop fear. After an early attachment period there is a rise and fall of certain fears in an ontogenetic sequence. Observation and experiment show how experiential, maturational and genetic factors interact in fears of heights, novelty, strangers and separation.
Structural and thermal properties of poly(1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene terephthalate) containing isosorbide (2015)

Poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene isosorbide terephthalate) (PICT) copolymers were synthesized by melt condensation with various contents of the corn derived monomer isosorbide (ISB).
Inhibition of rupture of established atherosclerotic plaques by treatment with apolipoprotein A-I (2011)

Treatment with apoA-I has the potential to stabilize plaques and prevent plaque rupture in humans.
An Outdoor Recommendation System based on User Location History (2005)

Recommendation systems are now widely used in online shopping sites, but so far there have been few attempts of applying them to real-world shopping. In this paper we propose a novel real-world recommendation system, which recommends shops to users based on their individual preferences and needs, estimated by analyzing their past location history acquired using GPS. The system automatically figures out each user's frequently visited shops using a custom estimation algorithm, and makes recommendations by using the shops as input to the item-based collaborative filtering algorithm. Furthermore, to provide more timely recommendations, our system takes into account the user's usual shopping routes, and the ease of access from the user's current location to each shop. We have conducted an evaluation test using a prototype of our system at Daikanyama, Tokyo, and the results show great promise in the system's ability to make accurate recommendations.
Description of a digital AC ratiometric sensor conditioner (2002)

Ratiometric transducers such as strain gauge bridge transducers are commonly excited with AC sinusoidal waveforms. The transducer output must be amplified, demodulated and fil- tered in the process known as conditioning. Tradition- ally, sensor conditioning is accomplished using analog compo- nents for the functions of demodulation, zero suppression, ranging and filtering. An alternative is to sample and digitize the trans- ducer output as close to the transducer as possible, replacing the analog signal conditioning functions with digital processing. This article describes the design of a sensor conditioner that imple- ments AC excitation synthesis and signal conditioning using the digital signal processing techniques.
Biodegradation and biocompatibility of a guided tissue regeneration barrier membrane formed from a liquid polymer material (1998)

Biodegradable barrier films were made by coagulating a solution of poly(DL-lactide) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone on porous polyethylene pads wetted with saline solution. The semisolid films were cut into 10 × 10 mm barriers and implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. At monthly intervals, the polymer implant sites were compared histologically to those implanted with USP negative control plastic. The polymer films were retrieved from the surrounding tissue, dried, weighed, and the changes in molecular weight determined using gel permeation chromatography. The molecular weight of the polymer decreased at a relatively constant rate over 5 months; however, no significant mass loss occurred until 5 months postimplantation. Also, no distinct histological differences were noted between the polymer barrier and the control plastic sites until 6 months when histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells showed a modest increase around fragmented polymer films. Similar barrier films also were fitted over naturally occurring buccal dehiscence defects in beagle dogs and the tissue sites compared histologically at 6 months to sham-operated control sites. New bone and dense connective tissues closely approximated segments of the remaining polymer and demonstrated the biocompatibility of the biodegradable films. Histomorphometric analyses of treated sites compared to sham controls showed that the polymer barrier is effective in promoting bone and cementum regeneration in periodontal defects in dogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 303–311, 1998.