gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-Related Gelling of Pectins and Linking with Other Natural Compounds: A Review (2018)

Pectins are polysaccharides present commonly in dicotyledonous and non-grass monocotyledonous plants. Depending on the source, pectins may vary in molecular size, degrees of acetylation and methylation and contents of galacturonic acid and neutral sugar residues. Therefore, pectins demonstrate versatile gelling properties and are capable of forming complexes with other natural compounds, and as a result, they are useful for designing food products. This review focuses on the structure-related mechanisms of pectin gelling and linking with other natural compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, ferulic acid, proteins, starch, and chitosan. For each system, optimal conditions for obtaining useful functionality for food design are described. This review strongly recommends that pectins, as a natural biocomponent, should be the focus for both the food industry and the bioeconomy since pectins are abundant in fruits and may also be extracted from cell walls in a similar way to cellulose and hemicellulose. However, due to the complexity of the pectin family and the dynamic structural changes during plant organ development, a more intensive study of their structure-related properties is necessary. Fractioning using different solvents at well-defined development stages and an in-depth study of the molecular structure and properties within each fraction and stage, is one possible way to proceed with the investigation.
Multiple description source encoding of a Gaussian random variable: a geometric treatment (2002)

A geometric treatment of the multiple description source coding of Gaussian random variables is presented and the rate distortion region with mean-square error distortion criterion is re-derived.
Effects of twenty-three drugs on the metabolism of FK506 by human liver microsomes. (1993)

We investigated the effects of 23 drugs on the metabolism of FK506 by human liver microsomes. Acyclovir, amphotericin B, cefixime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, cyclosporin A, diltiazem, enoxacin, erythromycin, ethinyl estradiol, fluconazole, fosfomycin, kanamycin, lincomycin, loxoprofen, minocyclin, nifedipine, nilvadipine, norethindrone, ofloxacin, phenobarbital, prednisolone, or rifampicin was added to the reaction media at equimolar or at ten times an excess molar ratio of the substrate concentration; their effects on FK506 metabolism were examined. Drugs known to be the substrate of cytochrome P-450 3A inhibited the metabolism of FK506, and among the drugs tested, the inhibition by cyclosporin A and nifedipine was the strongest.
The effect of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and ammonia/ethylene plasma treatment on the interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (2007)

Abstract A nanoparticle dispersion is known to enhance the mechanical properties of a variety of polymers and resins. In this work, the effects of silica (SiO2) nanoparticle loading (0–2 wt%) and ammonia/ethylene plasma-treated fibers on the interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon fiber–epoxy composites were characterized. Single fiber composite (SFC) tests were performed to determine the fiber/resin interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Tensile tests on pure epoxy resin specimens were also performed to quantify mechanical property changes with silica content. The results indicated that up to 2% SiO2 nanoparticle loading had only a little effect on the mechanical properties. For untreated fibers, the IFSS was comparable for all epoxy resins. With ethylene/ammonia plasma treated fibers, specimens exhibited a substantial increase in IFSS by 2 to 3 times, independent of SiO2 loading. The highest IFSS value obtained was 146 MPa for plasma-treated fibers. Interaction between the fiber sizing and plasma treatment may be a critical factor in this IFSS increase. The results suggest that the fiber/epoxy interface is not affected by the incorporation of up to 2% SiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the fiber surface modification through plasma treatment is an effective method to improve and control adhesion between fiber and resin. Keywords: NANOCOMPOSITEPLASMA SURFACE MODIFICATIONINTERFACIAL SHEAR STRENGTHCARBON FIBERETHYLENE AMMONIA PLASMANANOPHASED EPOXYSILICA NANOPARTICLE
Lysosomal Stress in Obese Adipose Tissue Macrophages Contributes to MITF-Dependent Gpnmb Induction (2014)

In obesity, adipose tissue (AT) contains crown-like structures where macrophages surround nonviable adipocytes. To understand how AT macrophages (ATMs) contribute to development of insulin resistance, we examined their character in more detail. In silico analysis of F2 mouse populations revealed significant correlation between adipose glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (Gpnmb) expression and body weight. In obese mice and obese individuals, Gpnmb expression was induced in ATMs. Cultured RAW264.7 cells were used to obtain insight into the mechanism of Gpnmb regulation. Gpnmb was potently induced by lysosomal stress inducers, including palmitate and chloroquine, or Torin1, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These stimuli also provoked microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) translocation to the nucleus, and knockdown of MITF by short hairpin RNA indicated its absolute requirement for Gpnmb induction. In agreement with our in vitro data, reduced mTORC1 activity was observed in isolated ATMs from obese mice, which coincided with increased nuclear MITF localization and Gpnmb transcription. Aberrant nutrient sensing provokes lysosomal stress, resulting in attenuated mTORC1 activity and enhanced MITF-dependent Gpnmb induction. Our data identify Gpnmb as a novel marker for obesity-induced ATM infiltration and potentiator of interleukin-4 responses and point toward a crucial role for MITF in driving part of the ATM phenotype.
The sequence of cDNA encoding lipoprotein lipase. A member of a lipase gene family. (1987)

cDNA clones corresponding to the entire coding region of mature lipoprotein lipase were identified by antibody screening of a mouse macrophage library and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence indicates that the mature protein contains 447 amino acids with a molecular weight of 50,314. Comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequence with those of rat hepatic lipase and porcine pancreatic lipase reveals extensive homology among the enzymes, indicating that they are members of a gene family of lipases. Most striking is a conservation of five disulfide bridges in all three enzymes, strongly suggesting that the enzymes have similar overall folding patterns. Lipoprotein lipase is also shown to be extraordinarily conserved among mouse, human, and bovine species. The mRNA for lipoprotein lipase is abundant in heart and adipose tissue but is also present in a wide variety of other tissues. There are two major species of mRNA in mouse and human tissues examined, 3.6 and 3.4 kilobases (kb) in size. Rat tissues, on the other hand, contain only the 3.6-kb species while bovine tissues contain an additional 1.7-kb species.
Lipid–Lipid Interactions in Aminated Reduced Graphene Oxide Interface for Biosensing Application (2014)

A label-free biosensor based on antiapolipoprotein B 100 functionalized-aminated reduced graphene oxide interface has been fabricated for detection of low density lipoprotein (LDL or lipid) cholesterol. The aminated reduced graphene oxide (NH2-rGO) based electrode surface is covalently functionalized with antiapolipoprotein B 100 (AAB or lipid) using EDC/NHS coupling chemistry. The lipid-lipid interactions at the NH2-rGO electrode surface have been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopic technique. The structural and morphological investigations of NH2-rGO based immunosensor have been accomplished via transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible, and electrochemical techniques. The impedimetric response of the proposed immunosensor shows excellent sensitivity (612 Ω mg(-1) dL cm(-2)), a response time of 250 s, and a low detection limit of 5 mg/dL of LDL molecules. The association, dissociation, and equilibrium rate constants for this immunoelectrode are found to be 1.66 M(-1) s(-1), 0.6 s(-1), and 2.77 M(-1), respectively. The long-term stability and excellent reproducibility of the proposed immunosensor indicates a suitable platform for detection of LDL or lipid molecules. This immunosensor provides an efficient platform for analysis of the antigen-antibody interactions of lipid molecules.
Accelerated learning in multi-layer neural networks (2003)

The most popular training method for multi-layer feedforward networks has traditionally been the error backpropagation algorithm. This algorithm has proved to be slow in its convergence to the error minimum; thus, several methods of accelerating learning using backpropagation have been developed. These include using hyperbolic tangent activation functions, momentum, adaptive learning rates and fuzzy control of the learning parameters. These methods are looked at in this paper.
Implementation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Modem Using Radix-N Pipeline Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Processor (2003)

In this paper, a new Radix-N pipeline fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor for the implementation of IEEE 802.11a baseband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modem for wireless local area network (WLAN) is proposed. The newly proposed scheme has a simple control structure and multiplication block is designed based on canonic signed digit (CSD) with N/4 twiddle factors, which enables both hardware complexity and power consumption to be reduced as about less 33% and 66% respectively than the conventional Radix-4 pipeline and Radix-2 pipeline structures. In order to verify the real time operation, the IEEE802.11a baseband OFDM test-bed with the newly proposed Radix-N pipeline FFT processor is implemented using field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices.
Space-time super-resolution from multiple-videos (2012)

In this paper, a new method for reconstructing a video of higher spatial and temporal resolutions from multiple low-resolution video sequences is introduced. The proposed cost function includes a new space-time regularization term based upon Huber-Markov random field (HMRF) model which is convex but non-quadratic. However, this prior can be efficiently and accurately approximated by a quadratic form through an iterative process. This regularization form is a type of variational integral that exploits the piecewise smoothness nature of high-resolution images. We also address in detail the main reason for appearance of the so called “ghosting effect” in the temporal super-resolution reconstruction and explain how it can be resolved.
NDVI-based vegetation rendering (2007)

plain terrain with NDVI-based vegetation The area of terrain rendering has seen great improvements both in rendering performance and image quality. The latest terrain rendering algorithms efficiently utilize the capabilities of actual programmable graphics hardware in order to achieve real-time visualizations of large terrain models. Despite these advances, a remotely sensed dataset will not look realistic unless the terrain model also accounts for the vegetation. We present an extension of the C-LOD technique that is able to enrich large GIS scenes with forestal detail by rendering trees and bushes in a view-dependent way. The placement of the trees is derived automatically from real NDVI data. We also present a NDVI based texture splatting method in order to render the underlying grass layer in a realistic way.
A new implant-through-contact method for fabricating high-voltage TFTs (1988)

A process to fabricate offset-gate thin-film transistors for high-voltage (i.e. >60-V) large-area applications is demonstrated. In contrast to the conventional method where an additional masking step is applied to mask the channel and the offset regions, the n/sup +/ source-drain implant is performed in the present process only after contact is open, and is therefore self-aligned to the contact. The offset-gate transistors are achieved by proper transistor layout where the contact-to-gate distance equals the designed n/sup +/-to-gate offset. In addition to saving one masking count as compared with the conventional method, the implant-through-contact method also features a self-aligned field-plant structure and smaller transistor layout area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A packaging system for built-in microcircuits in multilayer substrates (2002)

This paper presents an approach to the development of a packaging system for incorporating passive components such as resistors and capacitors within multilayer substrates. The electrical characteristics of the embedded passive components within the multilayer substrates are analyzed and evaluated by their mathematical models. A heuristic routing algorithm was proposed for the interconnections of the embedded passive components within the multilayer substrates. Experimental results were provided to show that the present proposed system has better performance than a commercial routing tool.
Smooth, transparent and nonperfluorinated surfaces exhibiting unusual contact angle behavior toward organic liquids (2012)

Smooth, transparent and nonperfluorinated surfaces exhibiting unusual contact angle (CA) behavior toward various organic liquids have been prepared using a simple sol–gel solution containing decyltriethoxysilane (DTES) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). The insertion of co-condensed silica units derived from TMOS as a spacer between the neighboring alkyl (decyl) chains allows them to rotate freely and provide a surface with liquid-like properties. The resulting surfaces exhibit negligible CA hysteresis for probe liquids, allowing the droplets to move easily and roll off when only slightly tilted, without relying on conventional surface roughening and perfluorination.
Luminous Efficiency Improvements of Color Phosphors Used in Vacuum Fluorescent Displays (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The luminous efficiency of yellowish green and blue phosphor has been greatly improved. A luminance of 400 cd/m<sup>2</sup> can be obtained at 12V with the yellowish green phosphor, whose luminance efficiency increased to 130%. This improvement suggests that the yellowish green phosphor can be used in the 12V driven VFD for the automotive application as well as greenish yellow and yellowish orange (<span class="xref">1</span>)*, (<span class="xref">2</span>)*. With respect to the blue phosphor, the luminance efficiency has been increased up to 160%, thus reducing the input power down to about 63%. By the continuing improvement, the blue phosphor will also be available in the 12V driven VFD.</div>
Implantation metastasis after laparoscopic biopsy of bladder cancer. (1995)

We report a case of tumor implantation in the abdominal wall following laparoscopic biopsy of a transitional cell tumor. Tumor seeding is a known risk in patients with transitional cell carcinoma and we recommend that laparoscopic biopsy of urothelial tumors be avoided.
New approaches to widely tunable semiconductor lasers (2006)

This work was made possible by JDSU (JDS Uniphase
Recombinant methioninase effectively targets a Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model (2017)

Methionine dependence is due to the overuse of methionine for aberrant transmethylation reactions in cancer. Methionine dependence may be the only general metabolic defect in cancer. In order to exploit methionine dependence for therapy, our laboratory previously cloned L-methionine α-deamino-γ-mercaptomethane lyase [EC 4.4.1.11]). The cloned methioninase, termed recombinant methioninase, or rMETase, has been tested in mouse models of human cancer cell lines. Ewing's sarcoma is recalcitrant disease even though development of multimodal therapy has improved patients'outcome. Here we report efficacy of rMETase against Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The Ewing's sarcoma was implanted in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Eight Ewing's sarcoma PDOX mice were randomized into untreated control group (n = 4) and rMETase treatment group (n = 4). rMETase (100 units) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) every 24 hours for 14 consecutive days. All mice were sacrificed on day-15, 24 hours after the last rMETase administration. rMETase effectively reduced tumor growth compared to untreated control. The methionine level both of plasma and supernatants derived from sonicated tumors was lower in the rMETase group. Body weight did not significantly differ at any time points between the 2 groups. The present study is the first demonstrating rMETase efficacy in a PDOX model, suggesting potential clinical development, especially in recalcitrant cancers such as Ewing's sarcoma.
Risk of Cancer in Patients with Dermatomyositis or Polymyositis (1992)

The risk of cancer is increased in patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis. In patients with dermatomyositis there is also a higher rate of mortality from cancer.
Induction of cyclin mRNA and cyclin-associated histone H1 kinase during liver regeneration. (1992)

Cyclins and cyclin-associated cdc kinases are key regulators of oocyte maturation (Maller, J. L. (1990) in The Biology and Medicine of Signal Transduction (Nishizuka, Y., Endo, M., and Tanaka, C., eds) pp. 323-328, Raven Press, New York), yeast cell cycles (Nurse, P. (1990) Nature 344, 503-508), DNA replication in cell-free systems (D'Urso, F., Marraccino, R. L., Marshak, R. R., and Roberts, J. M. (1990) Science 250, 786-791), and amphibian cell proliferative transitions (Hunt, T. (1991) Nature 350, 462-463). The extent to which these regulatory molecules participate in the growth control of differentiated epithelial cells like hepatocytes is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the expression of "G1" (E, C, and D) and "G2/M" (A, B1, and B2) cyclin mRNAs, the relative levels of cyclin A- and B1-associated histone H1-kinase activity, and the appearance of cyclin-associated kinases (p32/p33cdk2 and p33/p34cdc2) in regenerating rat liver and in control tissues from sham hepatectomized rats. To do this, we exploited a battery of human cyclin cDNAs and cyclin antisera that recognize rat molecules. The results suggest an apparent sequence of regeneration-specific changes: 1) elevated and induced expression of cyclins E (2.1 kilobases (kb)) and C (4 kb), and D mRNAs (4 kb), within 12 h, respectively; 2) induction of cyclins A (3.4 and 1.8 kb), B1 (2.5 and 1.8 kb), and B2 (1.9 kb) mRNAs at 24 h; 3) induction of cyclin A- and B1-associated nuclear histone H1 kinase at 24 h; and 4) enhanced levels of PSTAIRE-containing proteins of Mr approximately 32-33 and 33-34 kDa in nuclear extracts from 24-h regenerating liver that co-immunoprecipitate with cyclin A and B1 antisera, respectively. These observations provide an intellectual framework that unifies the biology of hepatocyte mitogenesis, proto-oncogene expression, and the machinery of the cell cycle.
Targeting Tumor Suppressor Networks for Cancer Therapeutics (2014)

Cancer is a consequence of mutations in genes that control cell proliferation, differentiation and cellular homeostasis. These genes are classified into two categories: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Together, overexpression of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressors are the dominant driving forces for tumorigenesis. Hence, targeting oncogenes and tumor suppressors hold tremendous therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. In the last decade, the predominant cancer drug discovery strategy has relied on a traditional reductionist approach of dissecting molecular signaling pathways and designing inhibitors for the selected oncogenic targets. Remarkable therapies have been developed using this approach; however, targeting oncogenes is only part of the picture. Our understanding of the importance of tumor suppressors in preventing tumorigenesis has also advanced significantly and provides a new therapeutic window of opportunity. Given that tumor suppressors are frequently mutated, deleted, or silenced with loss-of-function, restoring their normal functions to treat cancer holds tremendous therapeutic potential. With the rapid expansion in our knowledge of cancer over the last several decades, developing effective anticancer regimens against tumor suppressor pathways has never been more promising. In this article, we will review the concept of tumor suppression, and outline the major therapeutic strategies and challenges of targeting tumor suppressor networks for cancer therapeutics.
Novel Synthesis of Borane Complexes of Cyclic Phosphanes Using Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis (2000)

Grubbs' catalyst [Cl2Ru{P(C6H11)3}2=CHPh] can be used to synthesize borane complexes of cyclic phosphanes by ring-closing metathesis reactions. This strategy has been applied, for example, to the preparation of a borane-protected bisphosphanes [Eq. (1)].
Barosinusitis: Comprehensive Review and Proposed New Classification System (2017)

Barosinusitis is a common but potentially overlooked condition that is primed by shifts in the ambient pressure within the paranasal sinuses. The pathophysiology of barosinusitis has disparate causes, which likely contribute to its misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. Available literature compelled our proposed modifications to existing classification schemes, which may allow for improved awareness and management strategies for barosinusitis.
Hypoxia Inducible Factor Stabilization As a Novel Strategy to Treat Anemia (2013)

Anemia, one of the most common blood disorders, globally affecting ~1.62 billion people, occurs when the level of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) or/and hemoglobin in the body becomes too low. It can cause a variety of complications to human body, some of which are potentially very serious and carry significant risk factors, thus representing a big burden for social and economic development. Current therapeutic methods are efficient in controlling this disease but associated with many problematic issues. One way to circumvent these issues is by targeting HIF-PH (Hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases) pathway. HIF is an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor that enables aerobic organisms to adapt to hypoxia through the transcriptional activation of up to 200 genes, many of which are critical to cell survival. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that stabilization of HIF can up-regulate erythropoietin (EPO) expression and in turn increase count of RBCs potentially without causing drug resistance and cardiovascular diseases commonly seen with other therapies, rendering HIF stabilization a promising way to treat anemia. In this review, we highlight the biology of HIF-PH pathway, as well as the recent advances of HIF stabilizers of a natural or synthetic origin and concerns regarding drug development in this field.
Composition of phenolic acids in sea buckthorn (<i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> L.) berries (2005)

Abstract The composition of phenolic acids in several varieties of sea buckthorn berries was determined by GC and MS. In six cultivars the total content of phenolic acids ranged from 3570±282 to 4439±405 mg per kg of berries, on a dry basis. Seventeen phenolic acids were tentatively identified in the berries. Salicylic acid was the principal phenolic acid in sea buckthorn berries, accounting for 55 to 74.3% of the total phenolic acids present. The phenolic acids liberated from esters and glycosidic bonds were the major fractions of phenolic acids in the berries, whereas free phenolic acids constituted only up to 2.3% of total phenolic acids present.