gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-Stimulation-Impaired Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Prevent Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice (2018)

Dendritic cells (DC) are important in the onset and severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Tolerogenic DC induce T-cells to become therapeutic Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs). We therefore asked if experimental IBD could be prevented by administration of bone marrow-derived DC generated under conventional GM-CSF/IL-4 conditions but in the presence of a mixture of antisense DNA oligonucleotides targeting the primary transcripts of CD40, CD80, and CD86. These cell products (which we call AS-ODN BM-DC) have demonstrated tolerogenic activity in preventing type 1 diabetes and preserving beta cell mass in new-onset type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse strain, in earlier studies. In addition to measuring efficacy in prevention of experimental IBD, we also sought to identify possible mechanism(s) of action. Weight, behavior, stool frequency, and character were observed daily for 7-10 days in experimental colitis in mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) following injection of the AS-ODN BM-DC. After euthanasia, the colons were processed for histology while spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were made into single cells to measure Foxp3+ Treg as well as IL-10+ regulatory B-cell (Breg) population frequency by flow cytometry. AS-ODN BM-DC prevented DSS-induced colitis development. Recipients of these cells exhibited significant increases in Foxp3+ Treg and IL-10+ Breg in MLN and spleen. Histological examination of colon sections of colitis-free mice remained largely architecturally physiologic and mostly free of leukocyte infiltration when compared with DSS-treated animals. Although DSS colitis is mainly an innate immunity-driven condition, our study adds to the growing body of evidence showing that Foxp3+ Treg and IL-10 Bregs can suppress a mainly innate-driven inflammation. The already-established safety of human DC generated from monocytic progenitors in the presence of the mixture of antisense DNA targeting the primary transcripts of CD40, CD80, and CD86 in humans offers the potential to adapt them for clinical IBD therapy.
Intravenous Arteriography Using Digital Subtraction Techniques (1982)

The application of digital computers to electronic x-ray imaging devices has rejuvenated interest in the field of intravenous arteriography. By utilizing computer image subtraction techniques, digital roentgenographic systems based on fluoroscopy or computed tomography (scanned projection radiography) provide significantly improved vascular imaging compared with conventional film subtraction methods. Digital subtraction angiography schemes isolate contrast media in the vessel by detecting differences in images obtained before and after the injection of contrast medium or changes in the relative attenuation of contrast media at different x-ray energies. Present applications include carotid and peripheral arteriography, thoracic and abdominal aortography, pulmonary arteriography, and ventriculography. Future applications may include intracerebral and coronary arteriography. These systems should provide low-risk outpatient screening arteriography.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐SUBSTITUTED 5,7‐DIMETHYLPYRAZOLO(1,5‐A)PYRIMIDINES, 3′,5′‐CYCLIC‐AMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS PART 1 (1974)

Abstract Die Kondensation der 3‐Amino‐pyrazole (I) mit Acetylaceton (II) liefert die Kondensationsprodukte (III), die in der angegebenen Weise modifiziert werden.
A Continuous Process to Produce Titanium Utilizing Metallothermic Chemistry (2010)

In the standard Kroll process reaction between the TiCl4 and Mg is at the reactor wall interface that limits the potential to design a continuous process. Many alternatives have been investigated over the past 70 years to engineer a continuous process utilizing metallothermic reduction of TiCl4. Approaches utilizing burner type architectures for continuous processing result in unacceptable very fine Ti powder. A unique process that operates continuously and produces controlled size powder that can be directly utilized in standard powder metallurgy, rapid manufacturing, or substituted for sponge will be discussed.
PREPARATION AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MoS2 NANOPARTICLE COATED GRAPHENE OXIDE/MANGANESE OXIDE COMPOSITE FOR ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATION (2020)

Nanoparticles of powder molybdenum sulphide (MoS2) are deposited on reduced graphene oxide-mesoporous manganese oxide nanocomposite which is represented as MoSGMn were prepared by feasible ultrasonic assisted deposition technique. The above prepared nanocomposite is further coated on Nickel foam substrate for direct application towards supercapacitor electrode fabrication. The detailed studies of thermal property and surface property such as thermal stability, surface structure and zeta potential measurements have been explained for all prepared nanocomposite samples. The thermal stability of as prepared sample stable upto 350 oC in oxygen atmosphere and negative zeta potential obtained for all prepared nanocomposite sample. The different amount of MoS2 nanoparticle (10mg -100 mg range) was utilized to study the effect of molybdenum sulphide addition on major mesoporous manganese oxide matrix. Increased quantity of MoS2 addition increase the electrochemical supercapacitance value of the nanocomposite coated nickel foam modified electrode.
Current understanding of PTX3 protective activity on<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>infection (2012)

Infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus remains a major therapeutic challenge in immunocompromised individuals. Innate immunity represents the first line of defense against pathogens. In the last 20 years, several proteins belonging to this arm of the immune system have been characterized as being endowed with antifungal activity. Among these, the prototype long pentraxin PTX3 has been identified as a non-redundant protective factor against infections caused by A. fumigatus. A number of relevant animal models of invasive aspergillosis have indicated that PTX3 exerts its protective activity in several conditions of immunosuppression. In this article, we review the current understanding of PTX3 mechanisms of action that might be of help in further exploration of the pharmacological activity of this protein against A. fumigatus.
Nanocarriers for Vascular Delivery of Antioxidants (2011)

Antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) detoxify harmful reactive oxygen species, but the therapeutic utility of AOEs is hindered by inadequate delivery. AOE modification by poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) and encapsulation in PEG-coated liposomes increases the AOE bioavailability and enhances protective effects in animal models. Pluronic-based micelles formed with AOEs show even more potent protective effects. Furthermore, polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs) based on PEG-copolymers protect encapsulated AOEs from proteolysis and improve delivery to the target cells, such as the endothelium lining the vascular lumen. Antibodies to endothelial determinants conjugated to AOEs or AOE carriers provide targeting and intracellular delivery. Targeted liposomes, protein conjugates and magnetic nanoparticles deliver AOEs to sites of vascular oxidative stress in the cardiovascular, pulmonary and nervous systems. Further advances in nanodevices for AOE delivery will provide a basis for the translation of this approach in the clinical domain.
Automated Anatomical Interpretation of Ion Distributions in Tissue: Linking Imaging Mass Spectrometry to Curated Atlases (2014)

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has become a prime tool for studying the distribution of biomolecules in tissue. Although IMS data sets can become very large, computational methods have made it practically feasible to search these experiments for relevant findings. However, these methods lack access to an important source of information that many human interpretations rely upon: anatomical insight. In this work, we address this need by (1) integrating a curated anatomical data source with an empirically acquired IMS data source, establishing an algorithm-accessible link between them and (2) demonstrating the potential of such an IMS-anatomical atlas link by applying it toward automated anatomical interpretation of ion distributions in tissue. The concept is demonstrated in mouse brain tissue, using the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas as the curated anatomical data source that is linked to MALDI-based IMS experiments. We first develop a method to spatially map the anatomical atlas to the IMS data sets using nonrigid registration techniques. Once a mapping is established, a second computational method, called correlation-based querying, gives an elementary demonstration of the link by delivering basic insight into relationships between ion images and anatomical structures. Finally, a third algorithm moves further beyond both registration and correlation by providing automated anatomical interpretation of ion images. This task is approached as an optimization problem that deconstructs ion distributions as combinations of known anatomical structures. We demonstrate that establishing a link between an IMS experiment and an anatomical atlas enables automated anatomical annotation, which can serve as an important accelerator both for human and machine-guided exploration of IMS experiments.
Evaluation of three types of reference image data for external beam radiotherapy target localization using digital tomosynthesis (DTS) (2007)

Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is a fast, low-dose three-dimensional (3D) imaging approach which yields slice images with excellent in-plane resolution, though low plane-to-plane resolution. A stack of DTS slices can be reconstructed from a single limited-angle scan, with typical scan angles ranging from 10 degrees to 40 degrees and acquisition times of less than 10 s. The resulting DTS slices show soft tissue contrast approaching that of full cone-beam CT. External beam radiotherapy target localization using DTS requires the registration of on-board DTS images with corresponding reference image data. This study evaluates three types of reference volume: original reference CT, exact reference DTS (RDTS), and a more computationally efficient approximate reference DTS (RDTSapprox), as well as three different DTS scan angles (22 degrees, 44 degrees, and 65 degrees) for the DTS target localization task. Three-dimensional mutual information (MI) shared between reference and onboard DTS volumes was computed in a region surrounding the spine of a chest phantom, as translations spanning +/-5 mm and rotations spanning +/-5 degrees were simulated along each dimension in the reference volumes. The locations of the MI maxima were used as surrogates for registration accuracy, and the width of the MI peaks were used to characterize the registration robustness. The results show that conventional treatment planning CT volumes are inadequate reference volumes for direct registration with on-board DTS data. The efficient RDTSapprox method also appears insufficient for MI-based registration without further refinement of the technique, though it may be suitable for manual registration performed by a human observer. The exact RDTS volumes, on the other hand, delivered a 3D DTS localization accuracy of 0.5 mm and 0.50 along each axis, using only a single 44 degrees coronal on-board DTS scan of the chest phantom.
Feature Emphasis and Contextual Cutaways for Multimodal Medical Visualization (2007)

Dense clinical data like 3D Computed Tomography (CT) scans can be visualized together with real-time imaging for a number of medical intervention applications. However, it is difficult to provide a fused visualization that allows sufficient spatial perception of the anatomy of interest, as derived from the rich pre-operative scan, while not occluding the real-time image displayed embedded within the volume. We propose an importance-driven approach that presents the embedded data such that it is clearly visible along with its spatial relation to the surrounding volumetric material. To support this, we present and integrate novel techniques for importance specification, feature emphasis, and contextual cutaway generation. We show results in a clinical context where a pre-operative CT scan is visualized alongside a tracked ultrasound image, such that the important vasculature is depicted between the viewpoint and the ultrasound image, while a more opaque representation of the anatomy is exposed in the surrounding area.
Analysis of Nonlinear Spring Arm for Improved Performance of Vibrational Energy Harvesting Devices (2013)

Recently, a number of attempts have been made to increase the operational bandwidth of the energy harvesting devices. Nonlinear mechanisms are one of them. In this paper, we report design and analytical formulation of stretching strain of an electromagnetic energy harvester on FR4 material under large deformation of the spring arms. It is found that nonlinearity has an inverse square dependence on thickness of the arms. Numerical solution of a monostable Duffing oscillator that governs the dynamics of such a large deformed nonlinear energy harvester showed that with decrease of load resistance, the average power output increases, where the output response depends strongly on the input force. For small input acceleration, the desired large amplitude vibration does not come into play and the response becomes linear. However, for higher input acceleration nonlinearity appears and the operational bandwidth increases, at the same time, output power level also increases.
Manufacturability Feedback and Model Correction for Additive Manufacturing (2014)

Additive manufacturing, or 3d printing, is the process of building three dimensional solid shapes by accumulating material laid out in sectional layers. Additive manufacturing has been recognized for enabling production of complex custom parts that are difficult to manufacture otherwise. However, the dependence on build orientation and physical limitations of printing processes invariably lead to geometric deviations between manufactured and designed shapes that are usually evaluated after manufacture. In this paper, we formalize the measurement of such deviations in terms of a printability map that simulates the printing process and partitions each printed layer into disjoint regions with distinct local measures of size. We show that manufacturing capabilities such as printing resolution, and material specific design recommendations such as minimal feature sizes may be coupled in the printability map to evaluate expected deviations before manufacture. Furthermore, we demonstrate how partitions with size measures below required resolutions may be modified using properties of the medial axis transform, and use the corrected printability map to construct a representation of the manufactured model. We conclude by discussing several applications of the printability map for additive manufacturing.
Lower-limb goniometry using stitched sensors (2014)

Smart fabrics allow for convenient wearable sensing solutions to monitor body movements during our daily life. However, garment-integrated sensing presents challenges for accurate sensing, due many variables including those presented by variability in garment and sensor dimensions due to cut-and-sew manufacturing processes, and those introduced by re-positioning of integrated sensors when the garment is donned and doffed. Here, we measure the effect of variability in garment positioning due to donning and doffing, garment dimension due to manufacturing tolerances, and sensor dimension due to manufacturing defects on the accuracy of a stitched goniometer used to measure flexion of the knee and hip. Results show that variability in garment positioning and garment dimension have a minimal effect on sensor accuracy, but sensor dimensions have a more significant influence on accuracy.
Discovery of relaxant flavonols without antioxidant activity (2008)

3′,4′‐dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) is an antioxidant and vasorelaxant that reduces injury after ischaemia and reperfusion. We synthesized a series of compounds based on DiOHF with pharmacophore modifications at the 3′ and 4′ positions on the B ring and examined the biological activity for the 18 novel flavonols [4′‐substituted flavonols (H; OH; OMe; Me; Cl; CF 3 ; C(CH 3 ) 3 ); 3′‐substituted flavonols (H; OH; OMe; Me; Cl; CF 3 ) and 4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐substituted flavonols (H; OH; OMe; Me; Br; CF 3 ; C(CH 3 ) 3 )]. Each flavonol was examined for its ability to relax rat isolated aortic rings precontracted with KCl (30 mM). The most active flavonols (Rmax>80%) were those with a hydroxy group at the 4′ position (eg, DiOHF, pEC 50 =5.30±0.07, Rmax=102±1%; 4′‐OH‐3′‐OCH 3 flavonol, 5.35±0.03, 98±2%; 4′‐OCH 3 flavonol, Rmax=37±4%). The antioxidant activity of each flavonol was then assessed by lucigenin‐enhanced chemiluminescence and assays to assess endothelial dysfunction due to oxidant stress. With the exception of DiOHF, none of these flavonols (at 10 ‐5 M) were able to significantly scavenge superoxide radical or prevent pyrogallol or xanthine/xanthine oxidase‐induced endothelial dysfunction. The discovery of vasorelaxant flavonols without antioxidant activity, such as 4′‐OH‐3′‐OCH 3 flavonol, will assist in investigating the mechanism of flavonol‐induced cardioprotection.
Static compaction using overlapped restoration and segment pruning (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Static compaction using overlapped restoration and segment pruning Authors: Surendra K. Bommu Computers & Communications Research Labs, NEC, Inc., Princeton, NJ Computers & Communications Research Labs, NEC, Inc., Princeton, NJView Profile , Srimat T. Chakradhar Computers & Communications Research Labs, NEC, Inc., Princeton, NJ Computers & Communications Research Labs, NEC, Inc., Princeton, NJView Profile , Kiran B. Doreswamy Computers & Communications Research Labs, NEC, Inc., Princeton, NJ Computers & Communications Research Labs, NEC, Inc., Princeton, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICCAD '98: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided designNovember 1998 Pages 140–146https://doi.org/10.1145/288548.288592Published:01 November 1998Publication History 17citation135DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations17Total Downloads135Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Plasma lens focusing of heavy ion beams utilizing a wall-stabilized discharge (1994)

At the german heavy ion accelerator facility GSI different types of plasma lenses have been developed and tested. The best results were achieved with a plasma lens utilizing a wall-stabilized discharge. This type of lens has proofen to work very efficient, stable, and reproducible. A wall-stabilized plasma lens has been extensively investigated at the GSI linear accelerator UNILAC with beam energies ranging from 5.6 to 15.4 MeV /u. Several beam tests with discharge currents of up to 25 kA have shown that the focusing is mainly limited by the beam emittance of typically 5 π mm mrad and that lens related aberrations are negligible small. The concept of this wall-stabilized plasma lens has recently been extended to discharge currents above 200 kA. A first test at the SIS heavy ion synchrotron with a beam energy of 300 MeV /u has shown the same favourable behaviour of the discharge as found in the low current regime.
A hybrid filter bank approach to analog-to-digital conversion (2002)

This paper presents a novel approach to high-speed, high-resolution analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion using a hybrid filter bank with an array of slower speed A/D converters (ADCs). The hybrid filter bank is a new class of filter bank that employs continuous-time analysis filters to allocate a frequency band to each ADC in the array and discrete-time synthesis filters to reconstruct the digitized signal. The filter bank improves the speed and resolution of the A/D conversion by reducing the effects of mismatches between the ADCs in the array. This paper presents a filter design algorithm which minimizes mean-squared reconstruction error for the M-channel hybrid filter bank. A near-perfect-reconstruction, two-channel hybrid filter bank which introduces 0.00095 dB average deviation from 0 dB distortion and -108 dB average aliasing is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feasibility of a Clutchless Dual-Shaft Hybrid Transmission System for Performance Applications (2016)

A novel hybrid-electric transmission concept was sought that yields higher acceleration and smoother gear-shifts compared to existing dual-clutch systems while improving the energy efficiency of the vehicle. After evaluating a range of strategies, the elimination of the clutch was identified as a viable method for reducing the vehicle’s effective inertia and viscous losses. The proposed architecture implements a single electric motor, and two separate shafts for odd and even gears, to replace the functions of a clutch. High acceleration rates can be achieved using the electric motor when launching the vehicle. Furthermore, the torque from the electric motor (EM) and internal combustion engine (ICE) can be simultaneously delivered through the two shafts to sustain this high acceleration. A 0 to 100 km/hr time of 3.18 s was simulated for a 1600 kg vehicle using a 180 kW EM and 425 kW ICE. In addition, the EM can be used to match the speeds of consecutive gears on the two shafts to reduce jerk while shifting. Shift durations were found to vary between 0.2 and 0.9 s using this strategy. Other benefits include regenerative braking and the removal of the reverse gear since the EM can rotate in either direction. It was also found that the vehicle can be operated on only electric power in urban settings — represented by the NEDC driving cycle — if the battery is recharged through regenerative braking, and by the ICE the vehicle is stopped.
Definition of Brucella A and M epitopes by monoclonal typing reagents and synthetic oligosaccharides (1989)

The paradigm that Brucella A and M epitopes are simultaneously expressed on single cells and within one antigen molecule was reinvestigated by using polysaccharide-specific murine monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies were generated to the M antigen of Brucella melitensis 16M. Chemically defined lipopolysaccharides and O polysaccharides from Brucella abortus 1119-3, B. melitensis 16M, and Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 were used to dissect the binding profiles of the B. melitensis antibodies and an additional set of antibodies available from a B. abortus fusion experiment. Binding specificities were rationalized in terms of prototype A- and M-antigen structures, an interpretation supported by competitive binding studies with O polysaccharides and synthetic oligosaccharide analogs of the A and M antigens. Three binding patterns were characterized. Antibodies specific for the A antigen required five contiguous alpha 1,2-linked 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-D-mannopyranosyl residues, while antibodies with equal affinities for A or M epitopes were effectively inhibited by alpha 1,2-linked tri- or tetrasaccharides. Specificity for the M epitope correlated with binding of a critical disaccharide element alpha-D-Rha4NFo(1----3)alpha-D-Rha4NFo bracketed by alpha 1,2-linked residues. The binding profiles of Brucella monoclonal antibodies were consistent with the concept of simultaneous expression of A and M epitopes within a single molecule. A epitopes were present in the M antigen, and the discovery of isolated alpha 1,3 linkages in the A antigen suggests that M epitopes occur in all A antigens. Three monoclonal antibodies are proposed as standard reagents for the detection and identification of Brucella A and M antigens.