gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraportal Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets Into Livers of Diabetic Rats: Reinnervation of Islets and Regulation of Insulin Secretion by the Hepatic Sympathetic Nerves (1994)

Two weeks after intraportal transplantation of 2,000 neonatal pancreatic islets, recipient rats completely recovered from streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The reversal of diabetes could be documented by the normalization of blood glucose levels, by a restored weight gain, by normal glucagon and insulin levels in blood, and by a disappearance of polyuria and polydipsia. The reversal remained stable for at least 9 months. This study determined whether intraportally transplanted pancreatic islets were reinnervated after transplantation and whether the secretion of insulin and glucagon from pancreatic islets might be modulated by the vegetative innervation of recipient livers. Predominantly catecholaminergic but also cholinergic nerve fibers were detected not only within the portal tracts around hepatic arteries, portal veins, and bile ducts, but also at the borderline of hepatocytes and beta-cells and in islet cell complexes between beta-cells. Corresponding electron micrographs showed beta-cells in close contact with axons of nonmyelinated nerve fibers. Isolated livers were single pass perfused via both the hepatic artery and the portal vein. An increase in glucose level from 5 to 14 mmol/l enhanced hepatic glucose uptake and increased insulin secretion from transplanted islets with a biphasic secretion profile but had no effect on glucagon output. Stimulation of the nerve plexus around the hepatic artery and the portal vein (7.5 Hz, 2 min), which activates primarily the sympathetic system, not only reduced glucose uptake and perfusion flow but also completely reversed the glucose-stimulated increase in insulin secretion. Nerve stimulation did not influence glucagon secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dual drug delivery device for chronic pain management using micromachined elastic metal structures and silicon microvalves (2008)

This paper describes a dual-chamber drug delivery microsystem that provides regulated flow from two spring- pressurized balloon reservoirs using independent microvalves. A preliminary prototype has been constructed with the primary components. Micromachined bulk metal springs (Co-Ni-Cr alloy), with an in-plane spring constant exceeding 300 N/m, are used in conjunction with 18.8 mL reservoirs, and provide 15 kPA pressure when the balloons are fully inflated. A piezoresistive pressure sensor that is embedded in the microvalves monitors reservoir pressure with a sensitivity of 250 ppm/kPa, and is used to regulate bolus delivery. Two control plans for the valve and their respective limitations are presented. In a demonstration of regulated bolus delivery, 1.5 mL bolus doses are delivered at different rates.
Exercise reduces plasma levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8 in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (2004)

The protective effect of exercise might in part be due to suppression of the inflammatory process.
IP fast rerouting for multi-link failures (2014)

The introduction of coherent optics and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in telecommunication networks has led to unprecedented gains in backbone capacity. The increase in optical layer capacity inadvertently exacerbates the problem of traffic loss due to optical component failures. IP networks are designed over optical backbone networks, where each IP link traverses a multihop optical lightpath. Therefore, the failure of optical components often lead to multiple link failures in the IP network. In this paper, we develop an IP fast reroute mechanism using rooted arc-disjoint spanning trees that guarantees recovery from (k-1) link failures in a k-edge-connected network. As arc-disjoint spanning trees may be constructed in sub-quadratic time in the size of the network, our approach offers excellent scalability. Through experimental results, we show that employing arc-disjoint spanning trees to recover from multiple failures reduces path stretch in comparison with previously known techniques.
Manufacture of diamond-coated cutting tools for micromachining applications (2003)

Micro- and nanomachining cutting tools are currently being developed in order to extend the range of manufacturing technologies available to the micro and nano engineer. Conventional diamond tools used for grinding operations have a number of problems associated with heterogeneity of the crystallites, decreased cutting efficiency and short life. Micromachining cutting tools are manufactured by imbedding diamond particles into the tip of the microtool using a suitable binder matrix material. The use of a diamond coating may offer an improvement in microtool technology. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of diamond coatings onto a cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrate is difficult. Generally, the adhesion of the diamond coating to cemented carbide substrates is poor. It is reported that binder materials such as cobalt can suppress diamond growth and enhance graphitic deposits, which cause poor adhesion and low diamond nucleation density. The effects of process parameters such as filament position, filament and substrate temperature and pretreated substrate material on the coating properties have been investigated using a number of experimental techniques.
Click Carving: Segmenting Objects in Video with Point Clicks (2016)

We present a novel form of interactive video object segmentation where a few clicks by the user helps the system produce a full spatio-temporal segmentation of the object of interest. Whereas conventional interactive pipelines take the user's initialization as a starting point, we show the value in the system taking the lead even in initialization. In particular, for a given video frame, the system precomputes a ranked list of thousands of possible segmentation hypotheses (also referred to as object region proposals) using image and motion cues. Then, the user looks at the top ranked proposals, and clicks on the object boundary to carve away erroneous ones. This process iterates (typically 2-3 times), and each time the system revises the top ranked proposal set, until the user is satisfied with a resulting segmentation mask. Finally, the mask is propagated across the video to produce a spatio-temporal object tube. On three challenging datasets, we provide extensive comparisons with both existing work and simpler alternative methods. In all, the proposed Click Carving approach strikes an excellent balance of accuracy and human effort. It outperforms all similarly fast methods, and is competitive or better than those requiring 2 to 12 times the effort.
Dyspnea, Orthopnea, and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (1990)

Dyspnea refers to the sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing. It is a subjective experience perceived and reported by an affected patient. Dyspnea on exertion (DOE) may occur normally, but is considered indicative of disease when it occurs at a level of activity that is usually well tolerated. Dyspnea should be differentiated from tachypnea, hyperventilation, and hyperpnea, which refer to respiratory variations regardless of the patients subjective sensations. Tachypnea is an increase in the respiratory rate above normal; hyperventilation is increased minute ventilation relative to metabolic need, and hyperpnea is a disproportionate rise in minute ventilation relative to an increase in metabolic level. These conditions may not always be associated with dyspnea.Orthopnea is the sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position, relieved by sitting or standing. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a sensation of shortness of breath that awakens the patient, often after 1 or 2 hours of sleep, and is usually relieved in the upright position.Two uncommon types of breathlessness are trepopnea and platypnea. Trepopnea is dyspnea that occurs in one lateral decubitus position as opposed to the other. Platypnea refers to breathlessness that occurs in the upright position and is relieved with recumbency.
Tissue Distribution, Ontogeny, and Regulation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (Aldh) Enzymes mRNA by Prototypical Microsomal Enzyme Inducers in Mice (2007)

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (Aldhs) are a group of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of a wide spectrum of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Tissue distribution and developmental changes in the expression of the messenger RNA (mRNA) of 15 Aldh enzymes were quantified in male and female mice tissues using the branched DNA signal amplification assay. Furthermore, the regulation of the mRNA expression of Aldhs by 15 typical microsomal enzyme inducers (MEIs) was studied. Aldh1a1 mRNA expression was highest in ovary; 1a2 in testis; 1a3 in placenta; 1a7 in lung; 1b1 in small intestine; 2 in liver; 3a1 in stomach; 3a2 and 3b1 expression was ubiquitous; 4a1, 6a1, 7a1, and 8a1 in liver and kidney; 9a1 in liver, kidney, and small intestine; and 18a1 in ovary and small intestine. mRNAs of different Aldh enzymes were detected at lower levels in fetuses than adult mice and gradually increased after birth to reach adult levels between 15 and 45 days of age, when the gender difference began to appear. Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands induced the liver mRNA expression of Aldh1a7, 1b1, and 3a1, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activators induced Aldh1a1 and 1a7, whereas pregnane X receptor (PXR) ligands and NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators induced Aldh1a1, 1a7, and 1b1. Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) ligands induced the mRNA expression in liver of almost all Aldhs. The Aldh organ-specific distribution may be important in elucidating their role in metabolism, elimination, and organ-specific toxicity of xenobiotics. Finally, in contrast to other phase-I metabolic enzymes such as CYP450 enzymes, Aldh mRNA expression seems to be generally insensitive to typical microsomal inducers except PPAR alpha ligands.
Chlorophenol Hydroxylase Activity Encoded by<i>TfdB</i>from 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)-Degrading<i>Bradyrhizobium</i>sp. Strain RD5-C2 (2007)

The tfdB gene encoding chlorophenol hydroxylase and its homolog were found in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading strain RD5-C2, which belongs to Bradyrhizobium sp. of alpha-Proteobacteria. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identities of the two genes, designated tfdBa and tfdBb, were 60% and 57% respectively. Their nucleotide sequences most closely matched those of previously reported tfdB, which consisted of those from 2,4-D-degrading beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria and Sphingomonas sp. in alpha-Proteobacteria, with 61-67% identity. The TfdBa expressed in Escherichia coli showed the highest activity for 2,4-dichlorophenol but a narrower range of activity for the other chlorophenols than previously reported TfdBs. In the case of TfdBb, however, no observable activity for any chlorophenols or phenol was detected, although production of a protein with an appropriate molecular size was observed. Based on codon usage patterns and the GC content of the genes, it probable that the tfdBa genes in the 2,4-D-degrading Bradyrhizobium sp. were obtained through horizontal gene transfer.
Sputter Deposition Of TiNi And TiNiPd Films Displaying The Two Way Shape Memory Effect (2005)

SUMMARY TiNi, TiNiPd, and TiPd films exhibiting one-way and two-way effect have been prepared by d.c. magnetron sputtering onto unheated substrates followed by annealing and training processes. In the case of TiNi, films could be prepared showing R-phase transition which important feature is its small hysteresis of about 1 K. By the Ni-Pd substitution the transition temperatures (Austenite- and martensite- finish temperatures) could be increased from 32C/-3SoC for the binary NiTi-alloy to the maximum of 57OoC/498C for TiPd films, which represent the highest values ever realized for sputtered shape memory films. The films have been subject to further microstructuring for developing micro-actuators displaying the two way shape memory effect.
Signal peptidase I: Cleaving the way to mature proteins (2011)

Signal peptidase I (SPase I) is critical for the release of translocated preproteins from the membrane as they are transported from a cytoplasmic site of synthesis to extracytoplasmic locations. These proteins are synthesized with an amino-terminal extension, the signal sequence, which directs the preprotein to the Sec- or Tat-translocation pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the SPase I cleaves preproteins as they emerge from either pathway, though the steps involved are unclear. Now that the structure of many translocation pathway components has been elucidated, it is critical to determine how these components work in concert to support protein translocation and cleavage. Molecular modeling and NMR studies have provided insight on how the preprotein docks on SPase I in preparation for cleavage. This is a key area for future work since SPase I enzymes in a variety of species have now been identified and the inhibition of these enzymes by antibiotics is being pursued. The eubacterial SPase I is essential for cell viability and belongs to a unique group of serine endoproteases which utilize a Ser-Lys catalytic dyad instead of the prototypical Ser-His-Asp triad used by eukaryotes. As such, SPase I is a desirable antimicrobial target. Advances in our understanding of how the preprotein interfaces with SPase I during the final stages of translocation will facilitate future development of inhibitors that display a high efficacy against SPase I function.
A study based on real-time data acquisition system of intelligent seismometers in two dimension seismic prospecting (2012)

Considering such problems as the complex coalmining geological conditions, deprivation of test data for two dimension seismic prospecting, the low sensibility and poor stability as well as repeatability for traditional seismometers in many Yunnan coalfield places, this paper puts forward a method for carrying out two dimension seismic prospecting based on the real-time data acquisition system of intelligent seismometers. Coal seams and rocks wave-form data of collected high-precision and high reliability are verified by analysing those extractive geological samples via a series of misering engineering, so this method is confirmed to be able to ascertain accurate occurrence conditions and structural development situations of underground coal seams. Also, the data can optimize mine design, lay out roadways and working faces, and furthermore, increase safety factor of underground mining as well.
Micellar Solubilization of Biopolymers in Hydrocarbon Solvents III. Empirical Definition of an Acidity Scale in Reverse Micelles (1980)

Abstract This paper deals with the problem of defining, and measuring, the pH inside the water pool (which we define as pH wp ) of reverse micelles, i.e. micelles formed by surfactants dissolved in apolar solvents in the presence of minimal amounts of water. The conceptual and experimental difficulties are discussed, and it is argued that no absolute determination of pH wp is possible, mostly because water in the water pools of reverse micelles is a new solvent, for which no standardization of acidity is available. The problem can be approached only on the basis of an empirical acidity scale. An empirical acidity scale for water pools in reverse micelles of bis (2‐ethyl‐hexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) in isooctane has been defined by measuring the 31 P‐chemical shifts of phosphate buffers. The chemical shifts in bulk water were compared to those found in reverse micelles under the assumption that the pK of phosphate ion is the same in the two systems. It was found that in most cases there was little difference (less than 0.4 pH units) between pH wp and the pH of the starting buffer in bulk water (which we define as pH st ). However, this difference between pH wp and pH st may become much larger in certain cases. The difference (pH wp –pH st ) is measured under a variety of conditions, and this permits the determination of an operational acidity in the micelle water pools as a function of the pH st with which the aqueous micelles are prepared. The significance of such data for interpreting the behaviour of enzymes confined in the micelles water pool is discussed. Based on the pH wp scale, the apparent p K a of phenol‐red and 4‐nitrophenol were determined in reverse micelles containing different buffers and different water content. The p K a values obtained were rather sensitive to changes of both these factors, which was taken to signify that organic dies have only a very limited applicability to measure the acidity of the water pools of reverse micelles.
Omacetaxine mepesuccinate for patients with higher-risk MDS and CMML after failure of hypomethylating agents: A phase II clinical trial. (2018)

7066 Background: Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are the standard of care for patients (pts) with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML); however, outcomes after HMA failure are poor. We designed a phase II trial to evaluate omacetaxine mepesuccinate (OM) in pts with MDS and CMML after HMA failure. Methods: Eligible pts were > 18 years of age, and had intermediate-1- or higher-risk MDS or CMML by the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and/or bone marrow (BM) blasts 5-30%, that had not responded to, progressed on, or relapsed after HMA therapy. OM was given at 1.25 mg/m2 SQ every 12 hours for 3 days on a 28-day cycle, until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS). Results: From 6/2015 to 11/2017, 42 pts were enrolled. Median age was 76 years (range, 61-87); 8 pts (19%) had CMML. 17 pts (40%) had adverse-risk cytogenetics, and 19 pts (45%) had received 2 or more prior therapies. Median BM blasts was 10% (range, 2-20%). The median duration of follow-up was 25 months, and the median number of cycles of OM received was 3 (range, 1-23). The ORR was 33%; 3 pts achieved CRp, 10 achieved CRi and 1 achieved HI with a median number of cycles to best response of 2 (range, 1-9 cycles). Response rates for pts with MDS and CMML were 35% (12/34) and 25% (2/8), respectively. Response rates for pts with diploid and adverse-risk cytogenetics were 58% (7/12) and 24% (4/17), respectively (P = 0.057). Of the 14 responders, 5 remain on study, 6 relapsed, 2 died while in response, and 1 was lost to follow-up. The median OS was 7.5 months, and the 1-year OS rate was 25%. The median RFS was 4.9 months, and the 1-year RFS rate was 14%. Two pts are alive with ongoing response after ≥2 years of treatment; both had MDS with diploid cytogenetics and a RUNX1 mutation. Overall, the treatment was well-tolerated. Among 39 pts who received ≥2 cycles of OM, 8 (21%) required dose reduction. The 30-day and 60-day mortality rates were 10% and 14%, respectively. Conclusions: In patients with MDS and CMML with prior HMA failure, OM resulted in an ORR of 33% with a median OS of 7.5 months. Some pts had long-term responses to OM. Clinical trial information: NCT02159872.
Android Smartphone based body area network for monitoring and evaluation of medical parameters (2014)

Body area network (BAN) is a promising technology for monitoring different physiological parameters of the patients in real time. Particularly, when the body area network integrated with wireless technologies provides the complete telemedical infrastructure. Android is the most popular operating system in the smartphone. The wireless body area network (BAN) combined with an Android based Smartphone offers a large functionality. Various medical parameters can be analyzed, store and visualized using the GUI of an Android application designed for the end user. The different sensors placed on the body of the patient acquire physiological data from patient. This acquired data is then, gone through signal processing and data analysis and results are sent to coordinator node. The physiological data is transferred, via Bluetooth to an Android based Smartphone. The physiological parameters of the patients are continuously monitored by the system and if any variation occurred, then it sends alert messages to the doctor. The alert is of two types, SMS alert and email alert. Using this alert system the emergency situation can be handled effectively and the patient will get the medical care as soon as possible.
Aqueous gelation of ionic liquids: reverse thermoresponsive ion gels (2010)

The aqueous gelation of a quaternary ammonium oligo(propylene oxide)-based ionic liquid yields ion gels with a reverse thermoresponsive behavior (i.e., mechanical moduli and viscosity increase with temperature) and enhanced ionic conductivities.
Beta-lactams and their potential use as novel anticancer chemotherapeutics drugs (2004)

The discovery of natural and synthetic antibiotics is one of the most important medical breakthroughs in human history. Many diseases, such as bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia, are now curable with the use of antibiotics. Antibiotics are efficacious, generally well tolerated in patients, and have a low toxicity level. It is for these reasons antibiotics remain an attractive target for drug discovery. Traditional beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, penems, cephalosporins) have a bicyclic ring structure that is conformationally rigid and functions to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. In addition to the bactericidal action of antibiotics, it has been discovered that many antibiotics are capable of inhibiting tumor cell growth. There are currently many antitumor antibiotics approved for cancer therapy, which work to inhibit tumor cell growth by DNA intercalation. The use of beta-lactams as prodrugs has also met with success by aiding delivery of the chemotherapeutic directly to tumor sites. Recently, a novel class of N-thiolated monobactams, so termed because they possess a monocyclic ring instead of the bicyclic ring, has been found to induce apoptosis potently and specifically in many tumor cell lines but not in normal, non-transformed cell lines. Other beta-lactams, such as the polyaromatics, have been found to slow or inhibit tumor cell growth, and the 4-alkylidene beta-lactams are capable of inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases and leukocyte elactase activity. These data indicate that synthesis and evaluation of beta-lactams are a promising area for further development in anticancer research.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK DI INDONESIA. (PUTUSAN NO. 02/PID.SUS.ANAK/2015/PN-UNR.KAB.SEMARANG) (2016)

Anak adalah titipan Tuhan kepada kedua orangtua, masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara sebagai generasi penerus dalam mencapai cita-cita dan eksistensi suatu Negara. Berkenaan dengan yang dimaksud dengan anak sesuai dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang No 11 tahun 2012 pasal 1 angka 3 yaitu :“Anak yang berkonflik  dengan  hukum  yang  selanjutnya  disebut  anak  adalah anak  yang  telah berumur 12 (dua belas) tahun, tetapi  belum  berumur 18 (delapan belas) tahun yang diduga melakukan tindak pidana”. Dalam konvensi-konvensi internasional telah mengatur mengenai Perlindungan Anak dan cara pelaksanaan penyelesaian permasalahan anak dalam proses Peradilan Pidana. Negara berkewajiban memenuhi  hak setiap anak atas kelangsungan hidup,tumbuh dan berkembang, perlindungan dari tindak kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Selain pemerintah, masyarakat dan keluarga bertanggung jawab dalam memberikan perlindungan. Negara Indonesia berdasarkan isi Undang-Undang No 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak  pelaksanaan Perlindungan Anak pada proses Peradilan Pidana Anak tercantum pada  UUSPPA Pasal 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61, dan 62 berkenaan dengan tindak pidana yang dilakukan anak diatur pada KUHP pasal 363 ayat 1 ke-5. Dalam pertanggung jawaban tindak pidana, anak tidak seluruhnya berupa pemidanaan. Dalam menjalani proses pemidanaan anak diberikan hak-hak yang sebagaimana di atur pada Pasal 4 butir (a) sampai (g) Undang-Undang No 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan pidana Anak.