gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate and product inhibition of hydrogen production by the extreme thermophile, <i>Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus</i> (2002)

Substrate and product inhibition of hydrogen production during sucrose fermentation by the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus was studied. The inhibition kinetics were analyzed with a noncompetitive, nonlinear inhibition model. Hydrogen was the most severe inhibitor when allowed to accumulate in the culture. Concentrations of 5-10 mM H(2) in the gas phase (identical with partial hydrogen pressure (pH(2)) of (1-2) x 10(4) Pa) initiated a metabolic shift to lactate formation. The extent of inhibition by hydrogen was dependent on the density of the culture. The highest tolerance for hydrogen was found at low volumetric hydrogen production rates, as occurred in cultures with low cell densities. Under those conditions the critical hydrogen concentration in the gas phase was 27.7 mM H(2) (identical with pH(2) of 5.6 x 10(4) Pa); above this value hydrogen production ceased completely. With an efficient removal of hydrogen sucrose fermentation was mainly inhibited by sodium acetate. The critical concentrations of sucrose and acetate, at which growth and hydrogen production was completely inhibited (at neutral pH and 70 degrees C), were 292 and 365 mM, respectively. Inorganic salts, such as sodium chloride, mimicked the effect of sodium acetate, implying that ionic strength was responsible for inhibition. Undissociated acetate did not contribute to inhibition of cultures at neutral or slightly acidic pH. Exposure of exponentially growing cultures to concentrations of sodium acetate or sodium chloride higher than ca. 175 mM caused cell lysis, probably due to activation of autolysins.
Laser Shock Peening for Suppression of Hydrogen-Induced Martensitic Transformation in Stress Corrosion Cracking (2017)

The combination of a susceptible material, tensile stress, and corrosive environment results in stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Laser shock peening (LSP) has previously been shown to prevent the occurrence of SCC on stainless steel. Compressive residual stresses from LSP are often attributed to the improvement, but this simple explanation does not explain the electrochemical nature of SCC by capturing the effects of microstructural changes from LSP processing and its interaction with the hydrogen atoms on the microscale. As the hydrogen concentration of the material increases, a phase transformation from austenite to martensite occurs. This transformation is a precursor to SCC failure, and its prevention would thus help explain the mitigation capabilities of LSP. In this paper, the role of LSP-induced dislocations counteracting the driving force of the martensitic transformation is explored. Stainless steel samples are LSP processed with a range of incident laser intensities and overlapping. Cathodic charging is then applied to accelerate the rate of hydrogen absorption. Using XRD, martensitic peaks are found after 24 h in samples that have not been LSP treated. But martensite formation does not occur after 24 h in LSP-treated samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis is also used for providing a description of how LSP provides mitigation against hydrogen enhanced localized plasticity (HELP), by causing tangling and prevention of dislocation movement. The formation of dislocation cells is attributed with further mitigation benefits. A finite element model predicting the dislocation density and cell formation is also developed to aid in the description.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Epidermal Growth Factor and Its Effect on Granulosa Cell Proliferation in Rat Ovary. (1995)

The localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the ovary and its effect on proliferation of granulosa cells were investigated in gonadotrophin-primed immature female rats. Immunoreactions with anti-rat EGF monoclonal antibody were observed sparsely in the granulosa layer and antrum of follicles, but not in the theca layer or stromal tissue. The EGF-positive cells were round or oval shaped and often larger than granulosa cells. The localization and morphological appearances of these cells in the follicles were in good agreement with those of macrophages. Although EGF alone did not promote granulosa cell growth in vitro, the labelling index with [3H]thymidine of granulosa cells cultured with 0.1 ng/ml EGF and 0.1 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor was significantly greater than that without the growth factors (18.4% vs. 15.8%, P < 0.01). These results suggest that macrophages in follicles may modulate follicular development through a paracrine mechanism by secreting EGF and other growth factors.
Modification of Ventricular Fibrillation Activation Patterns Induced by Local Stretching (2005)

Local stretching increases the electrophysiological heterogeneity of myocardium and accelerates and increases the complexity of VF in the stretched area, without significantly modifying the occurrences of the types of VF activation patterns in the nonstretched zone.
Parallel 'ATOM' switch architecture for high-speed ATM networks (2003)

The authors propose a parallel ATOM (asynchronous transfer mode output modular) switch architecture, capable of handling multi-gigabit per second lines. It is composed of distributors, a number of switch planes, and resequencers. A simple resequencing method is also proposed to keep sequence integrity for cells sent out from different switch planes. It is shown that the memory access speed requirement can be reduced dramatically, as the number of switch planes increases. With this architecture, for example, a 9.6 Gb/s per line 32 by 32 ATM switch can be achieved using 70 Mb/s BiCMOS technologies. Performance evaluations by computer simulation show that additional delay and buffer memories for resequencing are much smaller than for conventional methods, and that they pose no practical problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The application of neural networks to tactical and sensor data fusion problems (1989)

This paper describes the application of neural network technology in the problem domain of tactical and sensor data fusion. The first section of this paper introduces and reviews the problems presented by data fusion and the modern naval environment is used as an example application domain. The tasks of target identification and task identification are highlighted as suitable areas for the application of neural network technology. A description is given of how a prototype target identification and target task identification system, based on integrated neural network technology, has been constructed using the Aberdeen Neural Development System. A description of the current system, Aberdeen Neural Tracking System, is given. 1 Background: The Data Fusion Problem The task of sensor data fusion involves integrating numerous data streams, originating from disparate sensors, into a consistent model that represents the pertinent high-level features of the tactical environment and then to pres...
Exosomes from metastatic cancer cells transfer amoeboid phenotype to non-metastatic cells and increase endothelial permeability: their emerging role in tumor heterogeneity (2017)

The goal of this study was to understand if exosomes derived from high-metastatic cells may influence the behavior of less aggressive cancer cells and the properties of the endothelium. We found that metastatic colon cancer cells are able to transfer their amoeboid phenotype to isogenic primary cancer cells through exosomes, and that this morphological transition is associated with the acquisition of a more aggressive behavior. Moreover, exosomes from the metastatic line (SW620Exos) exhibited higher ability to cause endothelial hyperpermeability than exosomes from the non metastatic line (SW480Exos). SWATH-based quantitative proteomic analysis highlighted that SW620Exos are significantly enriched in cytoskeletal-associated proteins including proteins activating the RhoA/ROCK pathway, known to induce amoeboid properties and destabilization of endothelial junctions. In particular, thrombin was identified as a key mediator of the effects induced by SW620Exos in target cells, in which we also found a significant increase of RhoA activity. Overall, our results demonstrate that in a heterogeneous context exosomes released by aggressive sub-clones can contribute to accelerate tumor progression by spreading malignant properties that affect both the tumor cell plasticity and the endothelial cell behavior.
Effects of Nitrogen on Amorphous Nitrogenated InGaZnO (a-IGZO:N) Thin Film Transistors (2016)

In this study, the role of nitrogen in the dc-sputtered amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO):N are explored extensively with a series of nitrogen gas flow rates during IGZO film deposition. The amorphous film structure and the evolution of chemical bondings were confirmed by X-ray diffractometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra analysis. Also, electrical performance and reliability of a-IGZO:N thin-film transistors (TFTs) formed with different nitrogen gas flow rates were analyzed to study the effects of nitrogen on TFT devices. The device performance of a-IGZO:N TFTs can be enhanced with a proper nitrogen doping concentration. However, with excess nitrogen incorporation in the a-IGZO:N channel layer, both electric characteristic and reliability are degraded due to the extra creation of oxygen deficiencies in a-IGZO:N film and easy formation of unstable interface between gate insulator and channel layer, which were confirmed by low-frequency noise measurement. This potential issue of a-IGZO:N TFT characteristics can be effectively released by introducing a post-treatment on the surface of gate dielectric layer. The optimized electrical characteristics of a-IGZO:N TFT can exhibit a carrier mobility of 19.21 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s, subthreshold swing of 0. 26 V/decade and threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ) of -0.74 V in this study.
Deoxyfluorination with Sulfonyl Fluorides: Navigating Reaction Space with Machine Learning (2018)

Through fine-tuning of reagent and base structure, sulfonyl fluorides can efficiently fluorinate diverse classes of alcohols. We show that machine learning can map the intricate reaction landscape and enable accurate prediction of high-yielding conditions for untested substrates.
Technique for real-time tissue characterization based on scanning multispectral fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy (ms-TRFS) (2015)

We report a novel technique for continuous acquisition, processing and display of fluorescence lifetimes enabling real-time tissue diagnosis through a single hand held or biopsy fiber-optic probe. A scanning multispectral time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (ms-TRFS) with self-adjustable photon detection range was developed to account for the dynamic changes of fluorescence intensity typically encountered in clinical application. A fast algorithm was implemented in the ms-TRFS software platform, providing up to 15 Hz continuous display of fluorescence lifetime values. Potential applications of this technique, including biopsy guidance, and surgical margins delineation were demonstrated in proof-of-concept experiments. Current results showed accurate display of fluorescence lifetimes values and discrimination of distinct fluorescence markers and tissue types in real-time (< 100 ms per data point).
Implementing security technique on generic database (2015)

Database maintenance has become an important issue in today's world. Addition or alteration of any field to an existing database schema cost high to a corporation. Whenever new data types are introduced or existing types are modified in a conventional relational database system, the physical design of the database must be changed accordingly. For this reason, it is desirable that a database should be flexible and allow for modification and addition of new types of data without having to change the physical database schema. The generic model is designed to allow a wide variety of data to be accommodated in a general purpose set of data structures. This generic mechanism for data storage has been used in various information systems such as banking, defense, e-commerce and especially healthcare domain. But, addressing security on generic databases is a challenging task. To the best of our knowledge, applying security on generic database has not been addressed yet. Various cryptographic security techniques, such as hashing algorithms, public and private key algorithms, have already been applied on a database. In this paper, we are proposing an extra layer of security to the existing databases, through Negative Database technique. The advantages of the negative database approach on generic database has been demonstrated and emphasized. Correspondingly, the complexity of the proposed algorithm has been computed.
Effect of topical fluoride and fluoride varnish on in vitro root surface lesions. (2005)

The control group had the deepest lesions and the daily gel group had the shallowest lesions. The weekly varnish group was found to have significantly shallower lesions than the weekly gel group. The varnish brushing subgroup had significantly deeper lesions than varnish non-brushing subgroup (P = 0.01). Remineralization bands were detectable in most lesions. There was no significant difference in band width between different groups (F = 0.634, P = 0.594). However, a significant difference was found when remineralization bands were calculated as percentage of lesion depth between different groups (F = 4.24, P = 0.001). The varnish non-brushing subgroup had significantly higher percentage than the control group, but daily gel non-brushing had the highest percentage. Brushing was a significant factor in the varnish group. Lesions were significantly shallower in the non-brushing varnish subgroup.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibit Firm Adhesion, Crawling, Spreading and Transmigration across Aortic Endothelial Cells: Effects of Chemokines and Shear (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and may be useful in the therapy of diseases such as arteriosclerosis. MSCs have some ability to traffic into inflamed tissues, however to exploit this therapeutically their migratory mechanisms need to be elucidated. This study examines the interaction of murine MSCs (mMSCs) with, and their migration across, murine aortic endothelial cells (MAECs), and the effects of chemokines and shear stress. The interaction of mMSCs with MAECs was examined under physiological flow conditions. mMSCs showed lack of interaction with MAECs under continuous flow. However, when the flow was stopped (for 10 min) and then started, mMSCs adhered and crawled on the endothelial surface, extending fine microvillous processes (filopodia). They then spread extending pseudopodia in multiple directions. CXCL9 significantly enhanced the percentage of mMSCs adhering, crawling and spreading and shear forces markedly stimulated crawling and spreading. CXCL9, CXCL16, CCL20 and CCL25 significantly enhanced transendothelial migration across MAECs. The transmigrated mMSCs had down-regulated receptors CXCR3, CXCR6, CCR6 and CCR9. This study furthers the knowledge of MSC transendothelial migration and the effects of chemokines and shear stress which is of relevance to inflammatory diseases such as arteriosclerosis.
High Pressure Synthesis of Diamond in the Systems of Grahpite-Sulfate and Graphite-Hydroxide (1990)

Diamonds were reproducively synthesized from graphite in the presence of Na2SO4, MgSO4, CaSO4·1/2H2O, Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 at high pressure of 7.7 GPa and a temperature of 2150°C. Although starting graphite was completely transformed to diamond in the presence of the sulfates or hydroxides, no transformation to diamond could be detected from graphite only at the same pressure and temperature condition. Therefore, we concluded that sulfates and hydroxides have a strong catalytic effect on the transformation of graphite to diamond.
Application framework for multi platform mobile application software development (2009)

A time-to-market of mobile application software is usually very short and it causes unstructured mobile application software. In this paper, we defined a common architecture for mobile application software which is named as Application Framework to support agile software development. The framework is defined following PIM (Platform Independent Model) in MDD (Model Driven Development)[1] to satisfy the need of supportability from one mobile application to various mobile platforms. Transformation rules each mobile platforms are also offered to generate Java source code for mobile platforms automatically (as PSM, Platform Specific Model) such as J2ME and WIPI.
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and mononuclear phagocyte function (1998)

The macrophage is the major differentiated cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system. This system comprises bone marrow monoblasts and promonocytes, peripheral blood monocytes and tissue macrophages. Macrophages are widely distributed in the body, displaying great structural and functional heterogeneity. The precursors of these cells originate in the bone marrow, from which incompletely differentiated monocytes enter the peripheral blood. Monocytes are 10 to 20 µm in diameter and have well developed Golgi apparatus, numerous lysosomal granules, evenly distributed mitochondria and a single kidney-shaped nucleus; their half life in the bloodstream is relatively short (< 70 h). Once they have settled in a tissue (such as connective tissue, liver, lung or the peritoneal cavity), monocytes mature and become macrophages. Macrophages are larger than monocytes (10 to 80 µm in diameter) and have an oval-shaped nucleus, a cytoplasm containing numerous dense granules, endocytic vesicles, mitochondria and lysosomes and many pseudopodia extending from the cell surface. In contrast to the short half life of monocytes, macrophages remain in tissues for many months, perhaps even years. Often they are named to designate specific locations; for example, in the central nervous system they are called microglia and in the vascular sinusoids of the liver they are called Kupffer cells. Macrophages sometimes stay relatively quiescent as resident cells; these are tissue macrophages that have not encountered foreign materials and have low functional activities.
The ¤influence of seed vigour on field performance and the evaluation of the applicability of the controlled deterioration vigour test in oil seed rape (Brassica napus) and pea (Pisum sativum) (1998)

12 rape seed lots (3 cultivars each of 4 lots) and 9 pea seed lots (3 cultivars each of 3 lots) of various ages were used in laboratory tests and field trials. Plants of older rape seed lots performed poorly throughout the growing season, and final seed yield was significantly lower compared to that of young seed lots. Germination percentage of rape seeds in a standard test correlated poorly with field performance, whereas germination after controlled deterioration for 24 hours correlated significantly with plant growth in both sowings and with final yield in one sowing. Mean germination time in the standard test and after controlled deterioration had highly significant correlations with field performance and seed yield for rape seed in both sowings ; the applicability of a vigour test for Brassica species based on germination rate is discussed. Seedlings produced by the older pea seed lots emerged more slowly than plants from the young seed lots, but differences in growth characteristics diminished throughout the growing season. Differences in seed yield were only slightly significant in one sowing. Controlled deterioration improved the correlation of germination percentage and the mean germination time for pea seeds with field performance, but overall the correlation with plant growth and yield was poor. The significance of these findings is discussed.
AER Building Blocks for Multi-Layer Multi-Chip Neuromorphic Vision Systems (2005)

A 5-layer neuromorphic vision processor whose components\ncommunicate spike events asychronously using the address-eventrepresentation\n(AER) is demonstrated. The system includes a retina\nchip, two convolution chips, a 2D winner-take-all chip, a delay line\nchip, a learning classifier chip, and a set of PCBs for computer\ninterfacing and address space remappings. The components use a\nmixture of analog and digital computation and will learn to classify\ntrajectories of a moving object. A complete experimental setup and\nmeasurements results are shown.
Review of the types, properties, advantages, and latest developments in insulating coatings on nonoriented electrical steels (2001)

Continuous efforts are directed at developing improved electrical steels with lower iron losses for energy-efficient transformers and motors. The core losses can be limited by insulating coatings, and various types of coatings have been developed for application to both fully processed and semiprocessed electrical steels. The primary and secondary properties of such coatings and the inefficacy in ultimately improving machine performance are discussed. This insight is vital to design engineers in making the correct decision on coating requirements. The latest advances made in electrical steel coating technology at European Electrical Steels (EES) are also discussed.
A Study on the Strategy of Win-win Growth between Broadcasting Industry and Manufacturing (2018)

현재까지 방송콘텐츠 수출 시 어떠한 콘텐츠와 소비재 품목이 동반진출 할 경우 해당국에서 더욱 효과적인지에 대한 체계적이고 전략적 논의는 매우 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 실증적 접근으로 상이한 방송시장과 제조업 환경에 놓인 국가들의 특성을 고려한 방송-제조업 해외 동반진출 전략의 탐색을 시도한다. 이를 위해 한국 방송콘텐츠의 주요 수입 국가인 중국, 일본 등 주요 5개국을 대상으로 이들 국가들의 산업연관표를 분석하고 비교했다. 세부적으로는 방송산업이 내수 산업에 미치는 파급효과를 국가별로 검증했으며, 더불어 해당 국가를 대상으로 개별적으로 산업연쇄효과를 확인해 방송콘텐츠와 동반 해외 진출할 수 있는 제조업 품목을 확인했다. 본 연구는 방송콘텐츠 수출의 전략 방향 설정과 방송과 제조업의 동반진출을 위한 맞춤형 실증논거를 제공했다는데 그 의의가 있다.There is no enough discussion related to strategic perspective by elaborating synergies between broadcasting contents and other export goods. This study attempts to explore win-win strategy to take advantage of the characteristics of countries in different broadcasting markets and manufacturing environments through empirical approach. To this end, we analyzed and compared the input-output tables of the five importing countries of Korean broadcasting contents. In detail, we confirmed the impact of the broadcasting industry on the domestic industry by country, and confirmed the effects of the industry chain on individual countries, confirming the broadcasting contents and manufacturing items that can enter the overseas market together. This study is meaningful in that it provided the direction of strategic direction of export of broadcasting contents and the simultaneous advancement of manufacturing industry.