gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Range Resolution Ultrasonographic Vascular Imaging Using Frequency Domain Interferometry With the Capon Method (2011)

For high range resolution ultrasonographic vascular imaging, we apply frequency domain interferometry with the Capon method to a single frame of in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data acquired using a commercial ultrasonographic device with a 7.5 MHz linear array probe. In order to tailor the adaptive beam forming algorithm for ultrasonography we employ four techniques: frequency averaging, whitening, radio-frequency data oversampling, and the moving average. The proposed method had a range resolution of 0.05 mm in an ideal condition, and experimentally detected the boundary couple 0.17 mm apart, where the boundary couple was indistinguishable from a single boundary utilizing a B-mode image. Further, this algorithm could depict a swine femoral artery with a range beam width of 0.054 mm and an estimation error for the vessel wall thickness of 0.009 mm, whereas using a conventional method the range beam width and estimation error were 0.182 and 0.021 mm, respectively. The proposed method requires 7.7 s on a mobile PC with a single CPU for a 1×3 cm region of interest. These findings indicate the potential of the proposed method for the improvement of range resolution in ultrasonography without deterioration in temporal resolution, resulting in enhanced detection of vessel stenosis.
Inhibitory Action of a (l→6)-β-D-Glucan-Protein Complex (FIII-2-b) Isolated from Agaricus blazei Murili (“Himematsutake”) on Meth A Fibrosarcoma-Bearing Mice and Its Antitumor Mechanism (1994)

The effects of F III-2-b (Agaricus blazei Murill polysaccharide) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on immune responses were investigated in Meth A tumor-bearing and normal mice. The i.p. administration of F III-2-b (10 mg/kg/day x 30) moderately inhibited the growth of Meth A tumor cells implanted s.c. in mice. Development of implanted tumors was strongly inhibited by the combination of F III-2-b and 5-FU. The picryl chloride-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (PC-DTH) response in mice was depressed after the implantation of tumor and treatment with 5-FU. F III-2-b restored the suppression of PC-DTH by 5-FU, but did not increase the PC-DTH of normal mice. F III-2-b not only enhanced the degree of spleen cell-mediated sheep red blood cells (SRBC) hemolysis (quantitative hemolysis of SRBC), the indexes of the spleen and thymus, and the number of spleen cells but also restored the suppressive effect of 5-FU. In the group receiving F III-2-b, the percentages of splenic Thy1.2-, L3T4- and asialo GM1-positive cells were significantly increased as compared with the tumor-bearing mice treated with saline. Furthermore, the L3T4+/Lyt2+ ratio showed a tendency to increase, and the Lyt2+ ratio was markedly decreased. These results suggest that the antitumor effect of F III-2-b may be correlated with the changing pattern of the Thy1.2-, L3T4- and asialo GM1-positive cells.
Role of<i>PLB1</i>in Pulmonary Inflammation and Cryptococcal Eicosanoid Production (2003)

Cryptococcal phospholipase (PLB1) is a secreted enzyme with lysophospholipase hydrolase and lysophospholipase transacylase activities. To investigate the role of PLB1 in the evasion of host immune responses, we characterized pulmonary immune responses to the parental (H99), the plb1 mutant, and the plb1(rec) reconstituted mutant strains of Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. PLB1 was required for virulence during infection acquired via the respiratory tract. Mice infected with either H99 or the plb1(rec) strain generated a nonprotective inflammatory response with subsequent eosinophilia, while mice infected with the plb1 mutant generated a protective immune response that controlled the infection. Because PLB1 is believed to facilitate virulence through host cell lysis, we examined the interaction of these strains with macrophages. The plb1(rec) mutant exhibited decreased survival during coculture with macrophages. One factor which may be involved in the survival of yeast in the presence of macrophages is fungal eicosanoid production. Host eicosanoids have been shown to down-modulate macrophage functions. plb1 exhibited a defect in eicosanoid production derived from exogenous arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine, suggesting that PLB1 is required for the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids. These data suggest that cryptococcal PLB1 may act as a virulence factor by enhancing the ability to survive macrophage antifungal defenses, possibly by facilitating fungal eicosanoid production.
An adaptive array antenna using combined DFT and LMS algorithms (2002)

Both classes of adaptive algorithm based on temporal update, e.g. LMS and spatial spectral estimation, e.g. DFT have advantages and disadvantages relatively. In order to compensate for their problems while maintaining advantages, this paper proposes and investigates an adaptive array antenna using a combined DFT and LMS algorithm. The proposed combined algorithm can improve the convergence speed of the weight coefficients in the temporal updating algorithm and the accuracy of the weight coefficients in the spatial spectral estimation algorithm.
Ultrasonic C-Scan Inspection Of Composite Materials (1992)

Ultrasonic technique using an automated C-scan has been established as the primary inspection method for composite materials. In this paper, the principles of ultrasonic inspection, the type of defects that may be generated during fabrication and/or during service of fibre-reinforced composites and their detection using ultrasonic techniques are described. Emphasis is placed on the capabilities and limitations of ultrasonic techniques in testing composites. The material used in the present study was graphite/epoxy.
Templates, microformats and structured editing (2006)

Microformats and semantic XHTML add semantics to web pages while taking advantage of the existing (X)HTML infrastructure. This approach enables new applications that can be deployed smoothly on the web. But there is currently no way to describe rigorously this type of markup and authors of web pages have very little help for creating and encoding semantic markup. A language that addresses these issues is presented in this paper. Its role is to specify semantically rich XML languages in terms of other XML languages, such as XHTML. The language is versatile enough to represent templates that can capture the overall structure of large documents as well as the fine details of a microformat. It is supported by an editing tool for producing documents encoded in a semantically rich markup language, still fully compatible with XHTML.
Sports Ballistics (2014)

This review describes and classifies the trajectories of sports projectiles that have spherical symmetry, cylindrical symmetry, or (almost) no symmetry. This classification allows us to discuss the large diversity observed in the paths of spherical balls, the flip properties of shuttlecocks, and the optimal position and stability of ski jumpers.
View-based 3D object recognition with support vector machines (2003)

Support vector machines have demonstrated excellent results in pattern recognition tasks and 3D object recognition. We confirm some of the results in 3D object recognition and compare it to other object recognition systems. We use different pixel-level representations to perform the experiments, while we extend the setting to the more challenging and practical case when only a limited number of views of the object are presented during training. We report high correct classification of unseen views, especially considering that no domain knowledge is including into the proposed system. Finally, we suggest an active learning algorithm to reduce further the required number of training views.
Navigation Assistance for the Visually Impaired Using RGB-D Sensor With Range Expansion (2014)

Navigation assistance for visually impaired (NAVI) refers to systems that are able to assist or guide people with vision loss, ranging from partially sighted to totally blind, by means of sound commands. In this paper, a new system for NAVI is presented based on visual and range information. Instead of using several sensors, we choose one device, a consumer RGB-D camera, and take advantage of both range and visual information. In particular, the main contribution is the combination of depth information with image intensities, resulting in the robust expansion of the range-based floor segmentation. On one hand, depth information, which is reliable but limited to a short range, is enhanced with the long-range visual information. On the other hand, the difficult and prone-to-error image processing is eased and improved with depth information. The proposed system detects and classifies the main structural elements of the scene providing the user with obstacle-free paths in order to navigate safely across unknown scenarios. The proposed system has been tested on a wide variety of scenarios and data sets, giving successful results and showing that the system is robust and works in challenging indoor environments.
Structure‐based design of robust glucose biosensors using a <i>Thermotoga maritima</i> periplasmic glucose‐binding protein (2007)

We report the design and engineering of a robust, reagentless fluorescent glucose biosensor based on the periplasmic glucose-binding protein obtained from Thermotoga maritima (tmGBP). The gene for this protein was cloned from genomic DNA and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, the identity of its cognate sugar was confirmed, ligand binding was studied, and the structure of its glucose complex was solved to 1.7 Angstrom resolution by X-ray crystallography. TmGBP is specific for glucose and exhibits high thermostability (midpoint of thermal denaturation is 119 +/- 1 degrees C and 144 +/- 2 degrees C in the absence and presence of 1 mM glucose, respectively). A series of fluorescent conjugates was constructed by coupling single, environmentally sensitive fluorophores to unique cysteines introduced by site-specific mutagenesis at positions predicted to be responsive to ligand-induced conformational changes based on the structure. These conjugates were screened to identify engineered tmGBPs that function as reagentless fluorescent glucose biosensors. The Y13C*Cy5 conjugate is bright, gives a large response to glucose over concentration ranges appropriate for in vivo monitoring of blood glucose levels (1-30 mM), and can be immobilized in an orientation-specific manner in microtiter plates to give a reversible response to glucose. The immobilized protein retains its response after long-term storage at room temperature.
Studies on"Inchinko."II. : Studies on the Compounds related to Capillarisin and Flavonoids (1976)

Four new 2-phenoxychromone derivatives were isolated from Artemisiae Capillaris Herba (Japanese name, "Inchinko" ?? 〓 ?? ). Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences as 2-(p-methoxyphenoxy)-6-methoxy-5, 7-dihydroxychromone (4'-methylcapillarisin), 6, 7-dimethoxy-2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)-5-hydroxychromone (7-methylcapillarisin) 2-(p-methoxyphenoxy)-5, 7-dihydroxychromone (6-demethoxy-4'-methylcapillarisin), and 2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)-5, 7-dihydroxychromone (6-demethoxycapillarisin), respectively. Four flavonoids, cirsilineol, cirsimaritin, genkwanin, and rhamnocitrin, were also isolated from this herb.
Anatomical and Biochemical Changes Associated with the Induction of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) Pod Dehiscence by Dasineura brassicae (Winn.) (1991)

Dehiscence of pods at an early stage of development is a characteristic of oilseed rape pods damaged by Dasineura brassicae (pod midge). Anatomical examination of pods exhibiting symptoms of infestation revealed a loss of cohesion between intact cells of the dehiscence zone, a narrow tissue of thin-walled cells present between the valve margins. Determination of hydrolytic enzyme activity in pericarp tissues of damaged siliquae showed localized enhancement of both polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) and cellulase (β1, 4 glucanase, EC 3.1.2.4) activity, positionally consistent with these factors being responsible for the observed cell wall degradation. Mechanistic similarities of midge-induced and maturation-associated pod dehiscence are discussed.
Invisible Surface Charge Pattern on Inorganic Electrets (2013)

We propose an easy method to pattern the surface charge of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> electrets without patterning the dielectric layer. By eliminating the use of metal guard electrodes, both the charge efficiency and the surface charge stability in humid environments improve. We apply the concept to a vibrational energy harvesting device, where a power output of 3 μW is successfully harvested at a low acceleration of 0.05 g and a resonant frequency of 414 Hz. No decay of the power output can be observed in a RH95% humidity test, which shows that the surface charge is stable and this is promising for application in harsh environments.
The rotational viscosity of nematic liquid crystal mixtures at low temperatures (1983)

An experimental setup is described for the determination of the rotational viscosity γ1 of nematic liquid crystals which operates at temperatures down to −60 °C. Using this setup we have determined γ1 of several liquid crystal mixtures over a wide temperature range and find significant deviations from Arrhenius behavior at lower temperatures.
38.6L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Advanced Coatable Polarizer Technology by Using Novel Liquid Crystalline Materials and Organic Dyes (2011)

Abstract We have demonstrated the feasibility of thin‐film coatable type polarizer for high contrast. New liquid crystalline materials were developed and the manufacturing process was optimized to achieve high performance polarization characteristics. We made a 9.7 inch XGA prototype with our newly developed polarizer, and obtained good image quality and high electro‐optical performance. More approaches to get higher polarization performance in terms of materials and manufacturing process were discussed.
August Halm (1869–1929) (2001)

Im Jahre 1920 veröffentlichte August Halm Drei Sonaten für die Geige allein; sie erschienen im Rahmen der Hausmusik-Reihe des Zwißler-Verlages, die von Fritz Jöde im Sinne der Jugendmusikbewegung herausgegeben wurde. Diese Sonaten zählen somit weniger zum Konzertrepertoire der Weimarer Republik, sondern sind primär zu der großen Gruppe von Kompositionen für musikalische Laien zu rechnen, die in den Jahren nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg entstanden. Doch obgleich sich ihr Anspruch an Virtuosität aus diesem Grunde wesentlich von demjenigen unterscheidet, den beispielsweise Paul Hindemith und Ernst Krenek als Grundlagen ihrer Kompositionen für Violine solo voraussetzten, muss die innere Logik der Melodiegestaltung und der kompositorische Anspruch auch in einer solchen Laienkomposition vollgültig verwirklicht sein. Lee A. Rothfarb stellt Halms kompositorisches Schaffen gar unter die Prämisse: Wichtiger als Originalität für sich selbst war ihm [Halm] aber, wie er Faul Sacher 1927 erklärte, Musik zu komponieren, die attraktiv für Musiker war und sie anzog.1
Automating tissue bank annotation from pathology reports - comparison to a gold standard expert annotation set. (2005)

Surgical pathology specimens are an important resource for medical research, particularly for cancer research. Although research studies would benefit from information derived from the surgical pathology reports, access to this information is limited by use of unstructured free-text in the reports. We have previously described a pipeline-based system for automated annotation of surgical pathology reports with UMLS concepts, which has been used to code over 450,000 surgical pathology reports at our institution. In addition to coding UMLS terms, it annotates values of several key variables, such as TNM stage and cancer grade. The object of this study was to evaluate the potential and limitations of automated extraction of these variables, by measuring the performance of the system against a true gold standard - manually encoded data entered by expert tissue annotators. We categorized and analyzed errors to determine the potential and limitations of information extraction from pathology reports for the purpose of automated biospecimen annotation.
Novel detection of conics using 2-D Hough planes (1995)

The authors present a new approach to the use of the Hough transform for the detection of ellipses in a 2-D image. In the proposed algorithm, the conventional 5-D Hough voting space is replaced by four 2-D Hough planes which require only 90 kbytes of memory for a 384*256 image. One of the main differences between the proposed transform and other techniques is the way to extract feature points from the image under question. For the accumulation process in the Hough domain, an inherent property of the suggested algorithm is its capability to effect verification. Experimental results from the authors' work on real and synthetic images show that a significant improvement of the recognition is achieved as compared to other algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is applicable to the detection of both circular and elliptical objects concurrently.
Estimation of clinical trial success rates and related parameters (2017)

Previous estimates of drug development success rates rely on relatively small samples from databases curated by the pharmaceutical industry and are subject to potential selection biases. Using a sample of 406 038 entries of clinical trial data for over 21 143 compounds from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2015, we estimate aggregate clinical trial success rates and durations. We also compute disaggregated estimates across several trial features including disease type, clinical phase, industry or academic sponsor, biomarker presence, lead indication status, and time. In several cases, our results differ significantly in detail from widely cited statistics. For example, oncology has a 3.4% success rate in our sample vs. 5.1% in prior studies. However, after declining to 1.7% in 2012, this rate has improved to 2.5% and 8.3% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. In addition, trials that use biomarkers in patient-selection have higher overall success probabilities than trials without biomarkers.
Realization of p-type gallium nitride by magnesium ion implantation for vertical power devices (2019)

Implementing selective-area p-type doping through ion implantation is the most attractive choice for the fabrication of GaN-based bipolar power and related devices. However, the low activation efficiency of magnesium (Mg) ions and the inevitable surface decomposition during high-temperature activation annealing process still limit the use of this technology for GaN-based devices. In this work, we demonstrate successful p-type doping of GaN using protective coatings during a Mg ion implantation and thermal activation process. The p-type conduction of GaN is evidenced by the positive Seebeck coefficient obtained during thermopower characterization. On this basis, a GaN p-i-n diode is fabricated, exhibiting distinct rectifying characteristics with a turn-on voltage of 3 V with an acceptable reverse breakdown voltage of 300 V. Electron beam induced current (EBIC) and electroluminescent (EL) results further confirm the formation of p-type region due to Mg ion implantation and subsequent thermal activation. This repeatable and uniform manufacturing process can be implemented in mass production of GaN devices for versatile power and optoelectronic applications.
Natural Amyloid-Beta Oligomers Acutely Impair the Formation of a Contextual Fear Memory in Mice (2012)

Memory loss is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been proposed that soluble amyloid-beta (Abeta) oligomers acutely impair neuronal function and thereby memory. We here report that natural Abeta oligomers acutely impair contextual fear memory in mice. A natural Abeta oligomer solution containing Abeta monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers was derived from the conditioned medium of 7PA2 cells, a cell line that expresses human amyloid precursor protein containing the Val717Phe familial AD mutation. As a control we used 7PA2 conditioned medium from which Abeta oligomers were removed through immunodepletion. Separate groups of mice were injected with Abeta and control solutions through a cannula into the lateral brain ventricle, and subjected to fear conditioning using two tone-shock pairings. One day after fear conditioning, mice were tested for contextual fear memory and tone fear memory in separate retrieval trials. Three experiments were performed. For experiment 1, mice were injected three times: 1 hour before and 3 hours after fear conditioning, and 1 hour before context retrieval. For experiments 2 and 3, mice were injected a single time at 1 hour and 2 hours before fear conditioning respectively. In all three experiments there was no effect on tone fear memory. Injection of Abeta 1 hour before fear conditioning, but not 2 hours before fear conditioning, impaired the formation of a contextual fear memory. In future studies, the acute effect of natural Abeta oligomers on contextual fear memory can be used to identify potential mechanisms and treatments of AD associated memory loss.
Clustering of Network Link Characteristic for Detector Placement of Macroscopical Prewarning (2006)

Network-based and distributed intrusion detection system is aroused by the burst-outs of large-scale abnormal events. How to place detection instruments is the key to the detections. The paper turned the problem of detector placement to that of the clustering of topology graph. A novel bidirectional hierarchical clustering algorithm is put forward, which decreases the amount of result clusters by integration of initial marker selection method based on node out-degree. The simulation results demonstrate that our clustering approaches effectively by comparison on the three evaluations metric, diameter stability, average advantage ratio and average coefficient of variation
Análisis reflexivo de la importancia de la Tecnología en el Crecimiento Económico de los Países (2014)

La necesidad de un manejo eficiente y efectivo de la economia de los paises resulta imperativo para su crecimiento economico.  La busqueda de soluciones al respecto es vital.  El acelerado proceso de innovacion tecnologico que han experimentado y continuan experimentando economias avanzadas durante los ultimos anos, junto con los efectos de la globalizacion economica y el cambio en los patrones de consumo, define una nueva economia que se caracteriza por una inclusion progresiva de la informacion y el conocimiento. (Rocco, Gallagher y Perez-Prado, 2003).
Self-assembled arrays of ZnO nanoparticles and their application as varistor materialsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD plots and FESEM images. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b4/b400927d/ (2004)

Linear arrays of ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by a simple sol–gel condensation reaction involving chemical modifiers, followed by drying (80 °C) and calcination (500 °C). The calcined material (nano-array ZnO) is composed of approximately spherical nanoparticles of average diameter 21 ± 3 nm, self-assembled to form arrays extending in length to 2–4 µm. The morphology of the ZnO is found to depend sensitively on the amounts of chemical modifiers present. In their absence the ZnO produced (nano-ZnO) is an unstructured agglomerate of nanoparticles. The mechanism for formation of these linear arrays has been investigated by examining the intermediates formed at 80 °C and 250 °C using XRD and TEM and by following the decomposition reactions using TGA and DSC. Varistors prepared from the nano-array ZnO by sintering (1050 °C) with appropriate mixtures of metal oxides showed a breakdown voltage of 786 ± 30 V mm−1, which is substantially higher than that of samples prepared under similar conditions from either micron-sized commercial ZnO (507 ± 30 V mm−1) or from nano-ZnO (683 ± 30 V mm−1).