gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stromal Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Mediates Prostatic Response to Androgen Ablation by Paracrine Wnt Activity (2008)

Mechanisms of androgen dependence of the prostate are critical to understanding prostate cancer progression to androgen independence associated with disease mortality. Transient elevation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) occurs after androgen ablation. To determine the role of TGF-beta on prostate response to androgen ablation, conditional TGF-beta type II receptor knockout mouse models of the epithelia (Tgfbr2(NKX3.1KO)) and stromal fibroblasts (Tgfbr2(fspKO)) were used. After castration, the prostates of Tgfbr2(NKX3.1KO) mice had apoptosis levels similar to those expected for control Tgfbr2(floxE2/floxE2) mice. Prostates of Tgfbr2(fspKO) mice, however, had reduced regression and high levels of proliferation associated with canonical Wnt activity throughout the glandular epithelia regardless of androgen status. In contrast, Tgfbr2(floxE2/floxE2) prostates had epithelial canonical Wnt activity only in the surviving proximal ducts after castration. In vitro studies showed that androgen antagonist, bicalutamide, transiently elevated both Tgfbr2(floxE2/floxE2) and Tgfbr2(fspKO) stromal expression of Wnt-2, Wnt-3a, and Wnt-5a. The neutralization of Wnt signaling by the expression of secreted frizzled related protein-2 (SFRP-2) resulted in decreased LNCaP prostate epithelial cell proliferation in stromal conditioned media transfer experiments. In vivo tissue recombination studies using Tgfbr2(fspKO) prostatic stromal cells in combination with wild-type or SV40 large T antigen expressing epithelia resulted in prostates that were refractile to androgen ablation. The expression of SFRP-2 restored the Tgfbr2(fspKO)-associated prostate responsiveness to androgen ablation. These studies reveal a novel TGF-beta, androgen, and Wnt paracrine signaling axis that enables prostatic regression of the distal ducts after androgen ablation while supporting proximal duct survival.
Antimicrobial activity of mint essential oils (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimicrobial activity of mint essential oilsAfroditi Sivropoulou, Stella Kokkini, Thomas Lanaras, and Minas ArsenakisCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 9, 2384–2388Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00057a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00057a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1996Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development and evaluation of a novel dosage form of diltiazem HCl using ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and sodium starch glycolate (<i>in vitro/in vivo</i> study) (2012)

Abstract The work aims at developing a CR formulation, with high encapsulation efficiency of diltiazem HCl, suitable for twice daily administration. Microparticles, using EVA copolymer, were prepared by coacervation‐phase separation technique, subjected to controlled extraction and vacuum freeze drying processes to generate and immobilize a non uniform initial drug concentration distribution, and evaluated in vitro and in animals. Effects of increasing initial drug concentration, varying polymer system, increasing porosity, and decreasing tortuosity, varying the size of the microparticles and the pH of the dissolution medium on the release rate were evaluated. The results indicated that the release rate from microparticles was constant (zero‐order) for an appreciable period of time but it was low for twice‐daily administration. It increased with increasing initial drug concentration, varying polymer system, increasing porosity, and decreasing tortuosity, and decreasing the size of the microparticles but the duration of constant release was shorter except for formulations containing 2.00 and 2.25% sodium starch glycolate. 10‐h duration of constant release was achieved and the zero‐order release rate was within the required rate to achieve the desired therapeutic level. The pH of the dissolution medium did not have any effect on the release rate. The results of the in vivo study indicated that in vitro dissolution correlated well with in vivo AUC 0‐10 and that there were no statistically significant differences in AUC 0‐10 and C max between the new CR formulation and Cardizem® CD. Accordingly, a new CR formulation that delivers diltiazem HCl at a constant rate, suitable for twice daily administration was developed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Moire technique for measuring liquid level (1982)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Livnat and O. Kafri, "Moire technique for measuring liquid level," Appl. Opt. 21, 2868-2870 (1982) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An Sp1/KLF binding site is important for the activity of a Polycomb group response element from the Drosophila engrailed gene (2005)

Polycomb-group response elements (PREs) are DNA elements through which the Polycomb-group (PcG) of transcriptional repressors act. Many of the PcG proteins are associated with two protein complexes that repress gene expression by modifying chromatin. Both of these protein complexes specifically associate with PREs in vivo, however, it is not known how they are recruited or held at the PRE. PREs are complex elements, made up of binding sites for many proteins. Our laboratory has been working to define all the sequences and DNA binding proteins required for the activity of a 181 bp PRE from the Drosophila engrailed gene. Here we show that one of the sites necessary for PRE activity, Site 2, can be bound by members of the Sp1/KLF family of zinc finger proteins. There are 10 Sp1/KLF family members in Drosophila, and nine of them bind to Site 2. We derive a consensus binding site for the Sp1/KLF Drosophila family members and show that this consensus sequence is present in most of the molecularly characterized PREs. These data suggest that one or more Sp1/KLF family members play a role in PRE function in Drosophila.
A Variational Approximation for Bayesian Networks with Discrete and Continuous Latent Variables (2013)

We show how to use a variational approximation to the logistic function to perform approximate inference in Bayesian networks containing discrete nodes with continuous parents. Essentially, we convert the logistic function to a Gaussian, which facilitates exact inference, and then iteratively adjust the variational parameters to improve the quality of the approximation. We demonstrate experimentally that this approximation is faster and potentially more accurate than sampling. We also introduce a simple new technique for handling evidence, which allows us to handle arbitrary distributions on observed nodes, as well as achieving a significant speedup in networks with discrete variables of large cardinality.
Variable selection in large environmental data sets using principal components analysis (1999)

In many large environmental datasets redundant variables can be discarded without the loss of extra variation. Principal components analysis can be used to select those variables that contain the most information. Using an environmental dataset consisting of 36 meteorological variables spanning 37 years, four methods of variable selection are examined along with different criteria levels for deciding on the number of variables to retain. Procrustes analysis, a measure of similarity and bivariate plots are used to assess the success of the alternative variable selection methods and criteria levels in extracting representative variables. The Broken-stick model is a consistent approach to choosing significant principal components and is chosen here as the more suitable criterion in combination with a selection method that requires one principal component analysis and retains variables by starting with selection from the first component. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced capture of bacteria and endotoxin by antimicrobial WLBU2 peptide tethered on polyethylene oxide spacers (2017)

Severe sepsis is a life threatening immune response that may be caused by endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) in circulating bacterial cell wall fragments. Hemoperfusion through a sorbent column coated with the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B (PMB) is a promising treatment for sepsis. However, PMB is cytotoxic and neurotoxic, and is a membrane disruptor that may fragment endotoxin vesicles. In addition, the blood is not protected from nonspecific interactions with the synthetic surface of the solid support. These effects may be responsible for the variety of undesirable clinical outcomes, including nonspecific adsorption of proteins, blood cell damage, platelet activation, and a lack of clear evidence of efficacy of the current hemoperfusion products. An alternative endotoxin-binding agent is WLBU2, a synthetic cationic amphiphilic peptide that exhibits better selectivity for bacterial cell membranes and reduced host cell cytotoxicity. Tethering the peptide at the periphery of a hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) brush should also mask the underlying surface, preventing cell and protein adsorption, and is expected to increase the solvent accessibility and molecular mobility of the tethered peptides. WLBU2 tethered on pendant PEO chains exhibited significantly greater capture of intact bacterial cells and endotoxin than surface-immobilized WLBU2. Tethered WLBU2 also captured amounts of endotoxin comparable to PMB. These results suggest that PEO-tethered WLBU2 coatings may be safer and more effective than the state-of-the-art PMB-based technology.
EXPERIMENTAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (1972)

Arteriosclerotic lesions have been produced in monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) by selective removal of the vascular endothelium with an intra-arterial balloon catheter. Immediately after de-endothelialization a platelet layer covers the denuded area. This thrombus is gradually removed and by 7 days the vessel appears to be largely reendothelialized. Beginning at day 4, smooth muscle cells undergo modification and migrate through fenestrae in the internal elastic lamina into the intima where they proliferate. By 28 days, the intimal lesion consists of multiple layers of smooth muscle cells surrounded by collagen and elastic fibers and basement-like material. After 3 months the lesions are markedly hyperplastic and contain new extracellular connective tissue elements. In contrast, with no further injury after 6 months the lesion has decreased markedly in size suggesting that it may be reversible in the absence of continued endothelial injury. The importance of endothelial "injury" exposing medial smooth muscle to plasma constituents may be the principal factors associated with the migration and proliferation of the smooth muscle cells into the intima resulting in the lesion. The smooth muscle cells do not contain lipid. The similarities of this lesion to the fibromusculo-elastic lesion or preatherosclerotic intimal hyperplasia in man makes it a useful model for the further study of atherosclerosis.
Characterization of a computational grid as a complex system (2009)

On the grid log data of more than 28 million jobs collected during 20 months, we use statistical and data mining methods to examine the relations primarily between users, computing elements and jobs in the network. The results of the large-scale analysis are used for building probabilistic models of the system behaviour. Bayesian Networks are constructed on historical data and are proven to be able to accurately predict abortion and lengths of newly arriving jobs.
Optimizing Plasmid-Based Gene Transfer for Investigating Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function (2005)

Intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA is a less cytotoxic alternative to viral vectors for delivering genetic material to skeletal muscle in vivo. However, the low efficiency of plasmid-based gene transfer limits its potential therapeutic efficacy and/or its use for many experimental applications. Current strategies to enhance transfection efficiency (i.e., electroporation) can cause significant muscle damage, confounding physiological assessments such as muscle contractility. Optimizing protocols to limit damage is critical for accurate physiological, biochemical, and molecular measurements. Following extensive testing, we developed an electroporation protocol that enhances transfection efficiency in skeletal muscles without causing muscle damage. Pretreating mouse tibialis anterior muscles with hyaluronidase and electroporation at 75 V/cm (using 50% vol/vol saline as a vehicle for plasmid DNA) resulted in 22 +/- 5% of the muscle fibers expressing a reporter gene. This protocol did not compromise contractile function of skeletal muscles assessed at both the intact (whole) muscle and the cellular (single fiber) level. Furthermore, ectopic expression of insulin-like growth factor I to levels that induced muscle fiber hypertrophy without causing tissue damage or compromising muscle function highlights the therapeutic potential of these methods for myopathies, muscle wasting disorders, and other pathophysiologic conditions.
<i>In Vitro</i> Selection of Calli Resistant to a Triazole Cytochrome-P-450-Obtusifoliol-14-Demethylase Inhibitor from Protoplasts of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. cv Xanthi (1990)

The selection of biochemical mutants has been undertaken in order to elucidate regulatory and functional aspects of sterol biosynthesis in plants. 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1-(1H-1,2,4- triazol-1-yl)-2,3-oxidopropane (LAB170250F), an experimental fungicide of the triazole family, was used as a selective agent. Indeed, this compound is a strong inhibitor of the cytochrome-P-450-obtusifoliol-14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis. The selection strategy consisted of screening large populations of microcalli derived from ultraviolet-mutagenized protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi for resistance to a lethal concentration of LAB170250F. The best selective conditions were first determined, i.e. strength of the selection pressure as well as the time and duration of its application in the developmental process from protoplast to whole plant. Selection experiments resulted in the recovery of 40 resistant calli. These calli were divided into three classes according to the modification of their sterol content in response to LAB170250F. Some of these calli might be impaired in sterol biosynthesis, but most have a sterol profile identical to that of the control calli. This suggests that the toxic properties of LAB170250F are due to the parallel inhibition of sterol biosynthesis and of at least one additional unidentified target in the plant cell.
Diverting intracellular trafficking of<i>Salmonella</i>to the lysosome through activation of the late endocytic Rab7 by intracellular delivery of muramyl dipeptide (2002)

Previously, we showed that live Salmonella-containing phagosomes (LSP) recruit early acting Rab5 and promote fusion with early endosomes, thus avoiding transport to the lysosomes. Therefore, live Salmonella survive in a specialized compartment. Here we show that scavenger-receptor-mediated intracellular delivery of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) to macrophages leads to efficient killing of Salmonella both in vitro and in vivo. To understand the intracellular trafficking modulation of Salmonella by delivery of MDP, we investigated the levels of endocytic Rab proteins, which are the major regulators of vesicular transport. Western blot analysis reveals reduced Rab5 and enhanced Rab7 content in the maleylated bovine serum albumin-MDP (MBSA-MDP)-treated cells. The reduced content of Rab5 in the treated cells and on phagosomes inhibits the fusion of Salmonella-containing phagosomes with early endosomes, and the enhanced Rab7 content in these cells facilitated targeting of LSP to lysosomes, which contain cathepsin D and vacuolar ATPase, for killing. In vitro reconstitution of lysosomal transport demonstrated that a reduced content of Rab5 and an enhanced level of Rab7 in MBSA-MDP-treated cells is primarily responsible for targeting Salmonella to lysosomes. Intracellular delivery of MDP thus offers a general strategy against macrophage-associated infections caused by intracellular pathogens that survive in the host cell by resisting transport to lysosomes.
Word identification method for Japanese text-to-speech conversion system (2005)

A new word identification method is proposed to determine text readings and their accentuation for Japanese text-to-speech conversion system. Since Japanese writing characteristics results in an enormous number of word candidates, a technique of reducing the number of identification trials is introduced employing a dynamic programming method. Moreover, plausibility evaluation functions are utilized in the identification algorithm to reflect Japanese writing characteristics : grammatical word transition tendency, phrase number minimization principle, longest matching advantage and unusual kana(Japanese syllabary) expression penalty. Applying this method to 299 Japanese sentences consisting of 6867 words, 95.2% of the words were correctly identified. Further precise analysis confirms that about two-thirds of the errors can be easily corrected by revising the word transition networks and by enriching the word dictionaries. The remaining errors however can be recovered only by fine semantic analysis. Through this experiment, the proposed word identification method is shown to be useful in a Japanese text-to-speech conversion system.
SInC: an accurate and fast error-model based simulator for SNPs, Indels and CNVs coupled with a read generator for short-read sequence data (2014)

We have come up with a user-friendly multi-variant simulator and read-generator tools called SInC. SInC can be downloaded from http://sourceforge.net/projects/sincsimulator.
Situational Interviews and Job Performance: The Results in One Public Agency (1991)

This article describes a recent effort by the Mississippi Department of Corrections to choose higher quality employees through a situational interview format. A comparison of correctional officers chosen through the situational interview to those chosen through traditional selection procedures reveals little difference between the two groups. The situational interview is not associated with systematic improvements in job performance scores, absenteeism rates, or attitudes toward management as might be expected. Hence the value of this technique in terms of its predictive validity is brought into question.
Sensing Materials for Surface Acoustic Wave Chemical Sensors (2016)

Online real‐time monitoring of gases requires a miniaturized, passive, and accurate gas sensor. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices possess these properties which make them suitable for gas‐sensing applications. They have shown remarkable results in sensing of different gases in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response, and recovery times. One of the important prerequisites a designer should know is to have knowledge on the different types of sensing material suitable for gas‐sensing applications, prior to design and fabrication of the sensor. Different sensing materials, including metal oxides, polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanocomposites, etc. have been used for SAW gas sensors. In this article, different sensing materials for SAW gas sensors will be discussed.
Streetlights and Shadows: Searching for the Keys to Adaptive Decision Making (2009)

In making decisions, when should we go with our gut and when should we try to analyze every option? When should we use our intuition and when should we rely on logic and statistics? Most of us would probably agree that for important decisions, we should follow certain guidelines—gather as much information as possible, compare the options, pin down the goals before getting started. But in practice we make some of our best decisions by adapting to circumstances rather than blindly following procedures. In Streetlights and Shadows, Gary Klein debunks the conventional wisdom about how to make decisions. He takes ten commonly accepted claims about decision making and shows that they are better suited for the laboratory than for life. The standard advice works well when everything is clear, but the tough decisions involve shadowy conditions of complexity and ambiguity. Gathering masses of information, for example, works if the information is accurate and complete—but that doesn't often happen in the real world. (Think about the careful risk calculations that led to the downfall of the Wall Street investment houses.) Klein offers more realistic ideas about how to make decisions in real-life settings. He provides many examples—ranging from airline pilots and weather forecasters to sports announcers and Captain Jack Aubrey in Patrick O'Brian's Master and Commander novels—to make his point. All these decision makers saw things that others didn't. They used their expertise to pick up cues and to discern patterns and trends. We can make better decisions, Klein tells us, if we are prepared for complexity and ambiguity and if we will stop expecting the data to tell us everything. A Bradford Book
Microfluidic Chips for In Vivo Imaging of Cellular Responses to Neural Injury in Drosophila Larvae (2012)

With powerful genetics and a translucent cuticle, the Drosophila larva is an ideal model system for live imaging studies of neuronal cell biology and function. Here, we present an easy-to-use approach for high resolution live imaging in Drosophila using microfluidic chips. Two different designs allow for non-invasive and chemical-free immobilization of 3(rd) instar larvae over short (up to 1 hour) and long (up to 10 hours) time periods. We utilized these 'larva chips' to characterize several sub-cellular responses to axotomy which occur over a range of time scales in intact, unanaesthetized animals. These include waves of calcium which are induced within seconds of axotomy, and the intracellular transport of vesicles whose rate and flux within axons changes dramatically within 3 hours of axotomy. Axonal transport halts throughout the entire distal stump, but increases in the proximal stump. These responses precede the degeneration of the distal stump and regenerative sprouting of the proximal stump, which is initiated after a 7 hour period of dormancy and is associated with a dramatic increase in F-actin dynamics. In addition to allowing for the study of axonal regeneration in vivo, the larva chips can be utilized for a wide variety of in vivo imaging applications in Drosophila.