gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (2015)

In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves. Serum samples (n = 200) were collected from Holstein calves 1-11 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by the reference method of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, transmission IR (TIR) and ATR-IR spectroscopy-based assays. The mean IgG concentration measured by RID was 17.22 g/L (SD ±9.60). The mean IgG concentrations predicted by TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy methods were 15.60 g/L (SD ±8.15) and 15.94 g/L (SD ±8.66), respectively. RID IgG concentrations were positively correlated with IgG levels predicted by TIR (r = 0.94) and ATR-IR (r = 0.92). The correlation between 2 IR spectroscopic methods was 0.94. Using an IgG concentration <10 g/L as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the overall agreement between TIR and ATR-IR methods was 94%, with a corresponding kappa value of 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for identifying FTPI by TIR were 0.87, 0.97, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Corresponding values for ATR-IR were 0.87, 0.95, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Both TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopic approaches can be used for rapid quantification of IgG level in neonatal bovine serum and for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy calves.
A Smartphone Application Suite for Assessing Mobility (2016)

Modern smartphones integrate a growing number of inertial and environmental sensors that can enable the development of new mobile health applications. In this paper we introduce a suite of smartphone applications for assessing mobility in elderly population. The suite currently includes applications that automate and quantify the following standardized medical tests for assessing mobility: Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG), 30 Seconds Chair Stand Test (30SCS), and a 4-stage Balance Test (4SBT). For each smartphone application we describe its functionality and a list of parameters extracted by processing signals from smartphone's inertial sensors. The paper shows the results from studies conducted on geriatric patients for TUG tests and from studies conducted in the laboratory on healthy subjects for 30SCS and 4SBT tests.
Enhancement of picosecond ultrasonic signals through the use of an optical cavity (2007)

We report an experiment in which an optical cavity is employed to enhance picosecond ultrasonic signals. The optical cavity is a Fabry-Perot interferometer formed by a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and the sample to be studied. By adjusting the thickness of the air gap between the DBR and the sample, the optical cavity can be tuned to be most sensitive to the sound-induced surface displacement of the sample. It is demonstrated that in the presence of the optical cavity, the efficiency of both the generation and detection of sound is improved. We furthermore show that this technique provides an efficient method of detecting sound in materials in which the piezo-optic coefficients are close to zero.
ErbB2 regulates autophagic flux to modulate the proteostasis of APP-CTFs in Alzheimer’s disease (2017)

Proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) C-terminal fragments (CTFs) by γ-secretase underlies the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An RNA interference screen using APP-CTF [99-residue CTF (C99)]- and Notch-specific γ-secretase interaction assays identified a unique ErbB2-centered signaling network that was predicted to preferentially govern the proteostasis of APP-C99. Consistently, significantly elevated levels of ErbB2 were confirmed in the hippocampus of human AD brains. We then found that ErbB2 effectively suppressed autophagic flux by physically dissociating Beclin-1 from the Vps34-Vps15 complex independent of its kinase activity. Down-regulation of ErbB2 by CL-387,785 decreased the levels of C99 and secreted amyloid-β in cellular, zebrafish, and mouse models of AD, through the activation of autophagy. Oral administration of an ErbB2-targeted CL-387,785 for 3 wk significantly improves the cognitive functions of APP/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice. This work unveils a noncanonical function of ErbB2 in modulating autophagy and establishes ErbB2 as a therapeutic target for AD.
Feasibility of Outpatient Fully Integrated Closed-Loop Control (2013)

This study demonstrated that a contemporary smart phone is capable of running outpatient closed-loop control and introduced a prototype system (DiAs) for further investigation. Following this proof of concept, future steps should include equipping insulin pumps and sensors with wireless capabilities, as well as studies focusing on control efficacy and patient-oriented clinical outcomes.
Micro-gravity capacitive silicon-on-insulator accelerometers (2005)

In this paper, the implementation and characterization of high-sensitivity in-plane capacitive micro-gravity silicon-on-insulator (SOI) accelerometers with the readout circuitry are presented. The devices were implemented in 50 µm thick SOI substrates using a two-mask dry-release process. The fabricated accelerometers were interfaced to a low-noise low-power reference-capacitor-less switched-capacitor circuit. The integrated circuit (IC) was implemented in a 2.5 V 0.25 N-well CMOS process. The measured capacitive sensitivity is 0.3 pF g−1, equivalent to a gain of 0.75 V g−1. The measured resolution is 11 µg Hz−1/2 at 2 Hz and 0.2 µg Hz−1/2 at 100 Hz (resolution bandwidth = 1 Hz). The interface IC operates from a single 2.5 V supply and measures a power consumption of 4 mW with a sampling clock of 100 kHz. The core IC die size is 0.65 mm2.
Deletions and microdeletions of 22q11.2 in velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (1992)

Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS), an autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by cleft palate, cardiac defects, learning disabilities and a typical facial appearance. Less frequently, VCFS patients have manifestations of the DiGeorge complex (DGC) including hypocalcemia, hypoplastic or absent lymphoid tissue and T-cell deficiency suggesting that these 2 conditions share a common pathogenesis. Here, we report the results of cytogenetic and molecular studies of 15 VCFS patients. High-resolution banding techniques detected an interstitial deletion of 22q11.21-q11.23 in 3 patients. The remaining 12 patients had apparently normal chromosomes. Molecular analysis with probes from the DiGeorge Chromosome Region (DGCR) within 22q11 detected DNA deletions in 14 of 15 patients. In 2 families, deletions were detected in the affected parent as well as the propositus suggesting that the autosomal dominant transmission of VCFS is due to segregation of a deletion. Deletions of the same loci previously shown to be deleted in patients with DGC explains the overlapping phenotype of VCFS and the DGC and supports the hypothesis that the cause of these two disorders is the same.
Correlates of Respiratory Cycle-Related EEG Changes in Children with Sleep-Disordered Breathing (2004)

The RCREC may reflect brief but numerous microarousals that could help to explain neurobehavioral consequences of SDB.
Identification of novel CD44v6-binding peptides that block CD44v6 and deliver a pro-apoptotic peptide to tumors to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in mice (2020)

CD44v6, a splice variant of the cell surface glycoprotein CD44, acts as a co-receptor for c-Met and is upregulated in tumors with high metastatic potential. <b>Methods:</b> We screened a phage-displayed peptide library for peptides that selectively bind to CD44v6-overexpressing cells and exploited them to block CD44v6 and deliver a pro-apoptotic peptide to tumors for cancer therapy. <b>Results:</b> CNLNTIDTC (NLN) and CNEWQLKSC (NEW) peptides bound preferentially to CD44v6-high cells than to CD44v6-low cells. The binding affinities of NLN and NEW to CD44v6 protein were 253 ± 79 and 85 ± 18 nM, respectively. Peptide binding to CD44v6-high cells was inhibited by the knockdown of CD44v6 gene expression and competition with an anti-CD44v6 antibody. A pull-down assay with biotin-labeled peptides enriched CD44v6 from cell lysates. NLN and NEW induced CD44v6 internalization and inhibited hepatocyte growth factor-induced c-Met internalization, c-Met and Erk phosphorylation, and cell migration and invasion. In mice harboring tumors, intravenously administered NLN and NEW homed to the tumors and inhibited metastasis to the lungs. When combined with crizotinib, a c-Met inhibitor, treatment with each peptide inhibited metastatic growth more efficiently than each peptide or crizotinib alone. In addition, KLAKLAKKLAKLAK pro-apoptotic peptide guided by NLN (NLN-KLA) or NEW (NEW-KLA) killed tumor cells and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. No significant systemic side effects were observed after treatments. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that NLN and NEW are promising metastasis-inhibiting peptide therapeutics and targeting moieties for CD44v6-expressing metastases.
Retinal optical coherence tomography at 1    μ m with dynamic focus control and axial motion tracking (2016)

High-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal imaging is important to noninvasively visualize the various retinal structures to aid in better understanding of the pathogenesis of vision-robbing diseases. However, conventional OCT systems have a trade-off between lateral resolution and depth-of-focus. In this report, we present the development of a focus-stacking OCT system with automatic focus optimization for high-resolution, extended-focal-range clinical retinal imaging by incorporating a variable-focus liquid lens into the sample arm optics. Retinal layer tracking and selection was performed using a graphics processing unit accelerated processing platform for focus optimization, providing real-time layer-specific en face visualization. After optimization, multiple volumes focused at different depths were acquired, registered, and stitched together to yield a single, high-resolution focus-stacked dataset. Using this system, we show high-resolution images of the retina and optic nerve head, from which we extracted clinically relevant parameters such as the nerve fiber layer thickness and lamina cribrosa microarchitecture.
Selective Epitaxial Growth of 4H-SiC with SiO<sub>2</sub> Mask by Low-Temperature Halo-Carbon Homoepitaxial Method (2007)

Previously reported CVD epitaxial growth of 4H-SiC at temperatures down to and below 13000C using CH3Cl precursor offered a promise of new device applications that could benefit from lower-temperature growth process. In this work, selective epitaxial growth (SEG) of 4H-SiC mesas using conventional SiO2 low temperature mask is reported. Virtually no nucleation on the mask could be observed after SEG at 13000C. The mask could be easily removed after the growth, with no degradation of the surface of SiC substrate under the mask. For the growth conditions that normally resulted in growth rate of 2 /m/hr and defect-free epilayer morphology during regular full-wafer (non-SEG) epitaxy, the epilayer morphology during SEG was significantly degraded by the appearance of oriented triangular defects, while the growth rate increased more than three times in comparison to the blanket epitaxial growth due to the loading effect. The growth at optimized growth conditions and lower growth rate resulted in significant reduction of the surface defects, making this approach promising for obtaining device-quality mesas. The crystal quality of the mesas, defects at the mesa walls, formation of facets during SEG, and other effects are reported.
Early Biomarkers of Stroke (2003)

Abstract Background: The diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke are limited by the lack of rapid diagnostic assays for use in an emergency setting. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is used to diagnose hemorrhagic stroke but is relatively ineffective (&lt;33% sensitive) in detecting ischemic stroke. The ability to correlate blood-borne protein biomarkers with stroke phenotypes would aid in the development of such rapid tests. Methods: ELISAs for &gt;50 protein biomarkers were developed for use on a high-throughput robotic workstation. These assays were used to screen plasma samples from 214 healthy donors and 223 patients diagnosed with stroke, including 82 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Marker assay values were first compared by univariate analysis, and then the top markers were subjected to multivariate analysis to derive a marker panel algorithm for the prediction of stroke. Results: The top markers from this analysis were S-100b (a marker of astrocytic activation), B-type neurotrophic growth factor, von Willebrand factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. In a panel algorithm in which three or more marker values above their respective cutoffs were scored as positive, these five markers provided a sensitivity of 92% at 93% specificity for ischemic stroke samples taken within 6 h from symptom onset. Conclusion: A marker panel approach to the diagnosis of stroke may provide a useful adjunct to CT scanning in the emergency setting.
Catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub>/epoxide copolymerisation (2010)

The article reviews recent developments (mostly since 2004 until June 2010) in catalysts for CO(2)/epoxide copolymerisation and in the properties of the polycarbonates.
Nanomagnetic Planar Magnetic Resonance Microscopy “Lens” (2005)

The achievement of three-dimensional atomic resolution magnetic resonance microscopy remains one of the main challenges in the visualization of biological molecules. The prospects for single spin microscopy have come tantalizingly close due to the recent developments in sensitive instrumentation. Despite the single spin detection capability in systems of spatially well-isolated spins, the challenge that remains is the creation of conditions in space where only a single spin is resonant and detected in the presence of other spins in its natural dense spin environment. We present a nanomagnetic planar design where a localized Angstrom-scale point in three-dimensional space is created above the nanostructure with a nonzero minimum of the magnetic field magnitude. The design thereby represents a magnetic resonance microscopy "lens" where potentially only a single spin located in the "focus" spot of the structure is resonant. Despite the presence of other spins in the Angstrom-scale vicinity of the resonant spin, the high gradient magnetic field of the "lens" renders those spins inactive in the detection process.
Continuous Separation of Particles Using Contactless Dielectrophoresis (2010)

One of the most crucial processes in many biomedical applications is the separation of cells and micro-particles from biological fluids3. Water quality analysis to detect viable pathogenic bacterium2, and rare circulating tumour cells (CTCs) isolation from biological samples to detect cancer at its early stage1 are some of the important examples. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), is a technique for sample handling, which employs the electrical signatures of particles in the presence of non uniform electric fields to separate specific cell types4, 5.
Human hepatocytes transplanted into genetically immunocompetent rats are susceptible to infection by hepatitis B virus <i>in situ</i> (2001)

Immune tolerance of human cells without generalized immunosuppression was created in groups of normal fetal rats at 17 days of gestation by inoculation ip with primary human hepatocytes in utero. One day after birth, suspensions of human hepatocytes were transplanted via intrasplenic injection and one week later groups of rats were inoculated with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Tolerized rats that were transplanted with human hepatocytes and subsequently infected with HBV produced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum beginning on day 3. Levels rose fivefold and remained stable at 0.75 pg/ml through at least 60 days. Of cells that stained positive for human serum albumin, approximately 30% were found to be also positive for HBsAg by immunohistochemistry. Serum HBV DNA was detectable from 1 to 15 weeks postinfection. Finally, covalently closed circular DNA, reflecting HBV replication, was found in liver and serum. Controls that were tolerized and not transplanted, but inoculated with HBV, as well as untreated controls, had no evidence of HBV gene expression or replication under identical conditions. The data support the conclusion that primary human hepatocytes transplanted into genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts, survive and maintain sufficient differentiation to produce human serum albumin and be infected by HBV.
All-Optical Magnetometer based on Magnetite Core-Polymer Shell Nanocomposite Material (2009)

An all-optical magnetometer has been constructed based on magnetite core polymer shell nanocomposite material. A noise equivalent magnetic field sensitivity of 5 nT/√Hz was observed using a 1 μT 500 Hz control magnetic field.
Synthesis of dibenzyl glycosyl phosphites using dibenzyl N,N-diethylphosphoramidite as phosphitylating reagent: an effective route to glycosyl phosphates, nucleotides, and glycosides (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of dibenzyl glycosyl phosphites using dibenzyl N,N-diethylphosphoramidite as phosphitylating reagent: an effective route to glycosyl phosphates, nucleotides, and glycosidesMui Mui Sim, Hirosato Kondo, and Chi Huey WongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 6, 2260–2267Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00059a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00059a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3340Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrostatic Contribution in the Catalysis of O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si10.gif"><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mo>·</mml:mo><mml:mo>_</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math>Dismutation by Superoxide Dismutase Mimics (2003)

The Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (Mn(III)TE-2-PyP(5+)) is a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic in vitro and was beneficial in rodent models of oxidative stress pathologies. Its high activity has been ascribed to both the favorable redox potential of its metal center and to the electrostatic facilitation assured by the four positive charges encircling the metal center. Its comparison with the non-alkylated, singly charged analogue Mn(III) beta-octabromo meso-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrin (Mn(III)Br(8)T-2-PyP(+)) enabled us to evaluate the electrostatic contribution to the catalysis of O(2)() dismutation. Both compounds exhibit nearly identical metal-centered redox potential for Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox couple: +228 mV for Mn(III)TE-2-PyP(5+) and +219 mV versus NHE for Mn(III)Br(8)T-2-PyP(+). The eight electron-withdrawing beta pyrrolic bromines contribute equally to the redox properties of the parent Mn(III)T-2-PyP(+) as do four quaternized cationic meso ortho pyridyl nitrogens. However, the SOD-like activity of the highly charged Mn(III)TE-2-PyP(5+) is >100-fold higher (log k(cat) = 7.76) than that of the singly charged Mn(III)Br(8)T-2-PyP(+) (log k(cat) = 5.63). The kinetic salt effect showed that the catalytic rate constants of the Mn(III)TE-2-PyP(5+) and of its methyl analogue, Mn(III)TM-2-PyP(5+), are exactly 5-fold more sensitive to ionic strength than is the k(cat) of Mn(III)Br(8)T-2-PyP(+), which parallels the charge ratio of these compounds. Interestingly, only a small effect of ionic strength on the rate constant was found in the case of penta-charged para (Mn(III)TM-4-PyP(5+)) and meta isomers (Mn(III)TM-3-PyP(5+)), indicating that the placement of the positive charges in the close proximity of the metal center (ortho position) is essential for the electrostatic facilitation of O(2)() dismutation.
Bonsai: Rapid Bounding Volume Hierarchy Generation using Mini Trees (2015)

We present an algorithm, called Bonsai, for rapidly building bounding volume hierarchies for ray tracing. Our method starts by computing midpoints of the triangle bounding boxes and then performs a rough hierarchical top-down split using the midpoints, creating triangle groups with tight bounding boxes. For each triangle group, a mini tree is built using an improved sweep SAH method. Once all mini trees have been built, we use them as leaves when building the top tree of the bounding volume hierarchy. We also introduce a novel and inexpensive optimization technique, called mini-tree pruning, that can be used to detect and improve poorly built parts of the tree. We achieve a little better than 100% in ray-tracing performance compared to a "ground truth" greedy top-down sweep SAH method, and our build times are the lowest we have seen with comparable tree quality.
Experience with protein A-immunoadsorption in treatment-resistant adult immune thrombocytopenic purpura (1992)

Extracorporeal immunoadsorption of plasma to remove IgG and circulating immune complexes (CIC) was evaluated as a therapy for adults with treatment-resistant immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Seventy-two patients with initial platelet counts less than 50,000/microL who had failed at least two other therapies were studied. They received an average of six treatments of 0.25 to 2.0 L plasma per procedure over a 2- to 3-week period using columns of staphylococcal protein A-silica (PROSORBA immunoadsorption treatment columns; IMRE Corp, Seattle, WA). The treatments caused an acute increase in the platelet count to greater than 100,000/microL in 18 patients and to 50,000 to 100,000/microL in 15 patients. The median time to response was 2 weeks. Responses were transient (less than 1 month duration) in seven of those patients (10%), but no additional relapses were reported over a follow-up period of up to 26 months (mean of 8 months). Clinical responses were associated with significant decreases in specific serum platelet autoantibodies (including anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa), platelet-associated Ig, and CIC. Thirty percent of treatments were associated with transient mild to moderate side effects usually presenting as a hypersensitivity-type reaction. Continued administration of failed therapies for ITP, which always included low-dose corticosteroids (less than or equal to 30 mg/d), had no demonstrable influence on the effectiveness of immunoadsorption treatment but did depress the incidence and severity of side effects. The degree of effectiveness of protein A immunoadsorption therapy in patients with treatment-resistant ITP is promising and further controlled studies in this patient population are warranted.