gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Metabolomics Approach to Screening for Autism Risk in the Children's Autism Metabolome Project (2020)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is biologically and behaviorally heterogeneous. Delayed diagnosis of ASD is common and problematic. The complexity of ASD and the low sensitivity of available screening tools are key factors in delayed diagnosis. Identification of biomarkers that reduce complexity through stratification into reliable subpopulations can assist in earlier diagnosis, provide insight into the biology of ASD, and potentially suggest targeted interventions. Quantitative metabolomic analysis was performed on plasma samples from 708 fasting children, aged 18 to 48 months, enrolled in the Children's Autism Metabolome Project (CAMP). The primary goal was to identify alterations in metabolism helpful in stratifying ASD subjects into subpopulations with shared metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotypes). Metabotypes associated with ASD were identified in a discovery set of 357 subjects. The reproducibility of the metabotypes was validated in an independent replication set of 351 CAMP subjects. Thirty-four candidate metabotypes that differentiated subsets of ASD from typically developing participants were identified with sensitivity of at least 5% and specificity greater than 95%. The 34 metabotypes formed six metabolic clusters based on ratios of either lactate or pyruvate, succinate, glycine, ornithine, 4-hydroxyproline, or α-ketoglutarate with other metabolites. Optimization of a subset of new and previously defined metabotypes into a screening battery resulted in 53% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 48%-57%) and 91% specificity (95% CI, 86%-94%). Thus, our metabolomic screening tool detects more than 50% of the autistic participants in the CAMP study. Further development of this metabolomic screening approach may facilitate earlier referral and diagnosis of ASD and, ultimately, more targeted treatments. LAY SUMMARY: Analysis of a selected set of metabolites in blood samples from children with autism and typically developing children identified reproducible differences in the metabolism of about half of the children with autism. Testing for these differences in blood samples can be used to help screen children as young as 18 months for risk of autism that, in turn, can facilitate earlier diagnoses. In addition, differences may lead to biological insights that produce more precise treatment options. We are exploring other blood-based molecules to determine if still a higher percentage of children with autism can be detected using this strategy. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1270-1285. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Synthesis, Structure, and Applications of Pyridiniophosphines (2014)

A new family of cationic ligands, N-alkyl/aryl pyridiniophosphines, has been synthesized through a short, scalable, and highly modular route. Evaluation of their electronic properties evidenced weak σ-donor and quite strong π-acceptor character when used as ancillary ligands. These attributes confer a substantially enhanced π-acidity to the Pt(II) and Au(I) complexes thereof derived and, as result, they depict an improved ability to activate alkynes towards nucleophilic attack. This superior performance has been demonstrated along several mechanistically diverse Pt(II)- and Au(I)-catalyzed transformations.
Production of actinium-225 from a (n,p) reaction: Feasibility and pre-design studies (2021)

Abstract Actinium-225 is used in nuclear medicine for the treatment of malignant tumours. It can be applied to produce Bi-213 in a reusable generator or can be used alone as an agent for radiation therapy, in particular for targeted alpha therapy. However, the availability of Ac-225 for worldwide use, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, is limited. We present a feasibility study employing GATE, an open-source Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, on the production of Ac-225 from a neutron generator. This work suggests that a design consisting of three concentric cylinders, the innermost a Cf-252 neutron source, the middle nickel cylinder acting as a proton-producing target and the outer cylinder a RaCl 2 target may provide a feasible design outline for an Ac-225 generator.
HQK-1001 Is Well Tolerated and Augments Hemoglobin F and Hemoglobin Levels In Patients with Beta Thalassemia Intermedia (2010)

Abstract Abstract 4280 Beta thalassemia intermedia syndromes are serious conditions for which there is no satisfactory therapy to correct the underlying globin chain imbalance. Some agents that induce fetal globin gene expression have ameliorated anemia in thalassemia patients by reducing the imbalance in alpha: non-alpha globin synthesis, but none have been broadly accepted or are currently approved by regulatory authorities. HQK-1001 is an oral agent that targets the fetal globin gene promoter, thereby increasing fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression. It has been well tolerated in single dose and multiple dose escalation clinical studies in healthy volunteers. We now report the results of a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending dose Phase I/II trial in 21 adult patients with beta thalassemia intermedia (BTI), including 14 with HbE/ß0 thalassemia and 7 with ß+/ß0 thalassemia (including 12 different beta globin gene mutations). Study medication was taken as a single daily dose for 8 weeks. Four ascending dose levels (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day) were sequentially evaluated in 4 dose level cohorts after the preceding dose and schedule were determined safe by an independent and unblinded Safety Monitoring Committee. HQK-1001 was well-tolerated. Adverse events in treated subjects included headache, upper respiratory infection and nausea, but the rates of such events were not markedly different than those observed in the placebo-treated subjects. The 20 mg/kg dose was associated with a 10% mean increase above baseline in HbF, (p< 0.001). Total hemoglobin (Hgb) increased by a mean of 1.1 gram/dL in 3 of 6 treated BTI patients with Mediterranean mutations. F-cells increased over the study period with maximal increases often observed 2 weeks following therapy. Doses higher than 20 mg/kg were not associated with the same magnitude of pharmacodynamic effects. These observations indicate that HQK-1001 is well-tolerated at doses associated with favorable pharmacodynamic effects on Hgb and HbF. These findings with brief treatment provide a rationale for conducting larger and longer studies in BTI patients. Disclosures: Fuchareon: HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Honoraria, Research Funding. Inati:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Honoraria, Research Funding. Boosalis:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Equity Ownership, Research Funding. Thein:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Research Funding. Wallis:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Equity Ownership. Bobbitt:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. Thomson:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Johnson:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Berenson:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties. Perrine:HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.
A Non-VH1-69 Heterosubtypic Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Mice against H1N1 and H5N1 Viruses (2012)

Influenza viruses are among the most important human pathogens and are responsible for annual epidemics and sporadic, potentially devastating pandemics. The humoral immune response plays an important role in the defense against these viruses, providing protection mainly by producing antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. However, their high genetic variability allows the virus to evade the host immune response and the potential protection offered by seasonal vaccines. The emergence of resistance to antiviral drugs in recent years further limits the options available for the control of influenza. The development of alternative strategies for influenza prophylaxis and therapy is therefore urgently needed. In this study, we describe a human monoclonal antibody (PN-SIA49) that recognizes a highly conserved epitope located on the stem region of the HA and able to neutralize a broad spectrum of influenza viruses belonging to different subtypes (H1, H2 and H5). Furthermore, we describe its protective activity in mice after lethal challenge with H1N1 and H5N1 viruses suggesting a potential application in the treatment of influenza virus infections.
Polarization controller for hollow-core fiber (2007)

We demonstrate a universal polarization controller for hollow-core fibers, a simple device consisting of three twisted fiber sections that makes use of the inherent birefringence of the air-core fiber. The device 5% bandwidth at 1550 nm is calculated from measured data to be approximately 13 nm.
Reverse wave-coupled ring lasers (1994)

Two approaches for phase locking of ring lasers by coupling via reverse waves are described. In one approach, coupling is accomplished by mutual injection of forward waves into reverse waves. Coupling of the forward and reverse waves in each laser is achieved with reverse-wave suppressors. In the alternate approach, the reverse-wave outputs are used for mutual coupling and partial suppressor mirrors are used to couple forward to reverse waves. The approaches to coupling are demonstrated with a CO/sub 2/ laser-coupling experiment with two UR90 resonators, giving a cavity-length locking range of one-sixth of a wavelength. A one-dimensional model of the coupling schemes is presented. Predictions of the theory are verified, including the variation of the piston-phase difference with resonator-length detuning for the forward-to-reverse and reverse to-forward approaches. Predictions for the performance of four coupled lasers are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrothermally stable molecular separation membranes from organically linked silica (2008)

A highly hydrothermally stable microporous network material has been developed that can be applied in energy-efficient molecular sieving. The material was synthesized by employing organically bridged monomers in acid-catalysed sol–gel hydrolysis and condensation, and is composed of covalently bonded organic and inorganic moieties. Due to its hybrid nature, it withstands higher temperatures than organic polymers and exhibits high solvolytical and acid stability. A thin film membrane that was prepared with the hybrid material was found to be stable in the dehydration of n-butanol at 150 °C for almost two years. This membrane is the first that combines a high resistance against water at elevated temperatures with a high separation factor and permeance. It therefore has high potential for energy-efficient molecular separation under industrial conditions, including the dehydration of organic solvents. The organically bridged monomers induce increased toughness in the thin film layer. This suppresses hydrolysis of Si–O–Si network bonds and results in a high resistance towards stress-induced cracking. The large non-hydrolysable units thus remain well incorporated in the surrounding matrix such that the material combines high (pore) structural and mechanical stability. The sol mean particle size was found to be a viable parameter to tune the thickness of the membrane layer and thus optimize the separation performance. We anticipate that other hybrid organosilicas can be made in a similar fashion, to yield a whole new class of materials with superior molecular sieving properties and high hydrothermal stability.
Clinical utility of a monoclonal direct fluorescent reagent specific for Legionella pneumophila: comparative study with other reagents (1985)

Twenty-four lower respiratory tract samples taken from patients with culture-confirmed Legionella pneumophila infection were examined with three different direct immunofluorescent antisera to L. pneumophila, as were 29 samples from similar sources taken from patients without Legionnaires disease. The reagents studied were Genetic Systems Corp. (GS) monoclonal L. pneumophila conjugate, which reacts with all known serogroups of L. pneumophila, BioDx polyvalent L. pneumophila serogroups 1 through 6 conjugate, and Centers for Disease Control polyvalent pool A L. pneumophila serogroups 1 through 4 conjugate. The specimens had been frozen at -70 degrees C for 0.5 to 5 years. Randomization was used in coding the samples, which were stained and read by an independent observer. All three conjugates correctly identified all positive and negative samples. No difference was noted among the conjugates in the absolute numbers of fluorescent L. pneumophila bacteria per sample. The GS conjugate had a much cleaner background than did the other two reagents. Mean staining intensity scores were 3.4, 3.9, and 3.7 for the GS, BioDx, and Centers for Disease Control conjugates, respectively. This study demonstrates that the diagnostic efficiency of all three conjugates is equivalent. Since the GS conjugate is easier to read, does not cross-react with non-L. pneumophila bacteria, and reacts with serogroups 1 through 10 of L. pneumophila, it appears to be preferable for use in diagnostic testing on nonhistopathologically processed specimens.
Effects of extrusion parameters and heat treatment on the mechanical properties of uranium-2. 4 weight percent niobium alloy (1981)

The mechanical properties of alpha-phase extruded (630/sup 0/C) uranium-2.4 weight percent niobium alloy are presented as a function of extrusion parameters for the as-extruded and stabilized heat-treated conditions of the alloy. Stabilizing heat treatments between 580 and 600/sup 0/C did not adversely affect the mechanical properties, which met the specifications for the alloy.
Reconfigurable Axial-Mode Helix Antennas Using Shape Memory Alloys (2011)

Reconfigurable structures based on smart materials offer a potential solution to realize adaptive antennas for emerging communication devices. In this paper, a reconfigurable axial mode helix antenna is studied. A shape memory alloy spring actuator is used to adjust the height of a helix antenna. With the total length of the helix wire fixed, the pitch spacing and pitch angle are varied as the height is varied. This in turn can alter the antenna pattern in order to adjust to altered operating conditions. In order to undertake the design, the Kraus equations for the axial mode helix are compared with simulation results, and their range of applicability is clarified. It is shown that based on these equations, antenna gain variation is possible by varying the height of the antenna, while keeping its conductor length fixed. We then show that a pattern can be reconfigured using a two-helix structure. Finally, a proof-of-concept helix antenna is implemented using a shape memory alloy actuator. Measurement results confirm that the pattern can reconfigure while maintaining a reasonable impedance match.
Development of a Home-based Fetal Electrocardiogram (ECG) Monitoring System (2021)

We develop a novel wearable fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) monitoring system consisting of an abdominal patch that communicates with a smart device. The system has two main components: the fetal patch and the monitoring app. The fetal patch has electronics and recording electrodes fabricated on a hybrid flexible-rigid platform while the Android app is developed for a wide range of applications. The patch collects the abdominal ECG (aECG) signals that are sent to the smart device app via secure Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication. The app software connects to a cloud server where processing and extraction algorithms are executed for real-time fECG extraction and fetal heartrate (fHR) calculation from the collected raw data. We have validated the algorithms and real-time data recordings on pregnant subjects yielding promising results. Our system has the potential to transform the currently used fetal monitoring system to an effective distanced and telematernity care.
Toward functional imaging using the optoacoustic 3D whole-body tomography system (2010)

In this report we demonstrate improved three-dimensional optoacoustic tomography in test samples. High quality tomographic data and images were obtained from phantom of mice being 2.5 cm in diameter. Capillaries filled with cupric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and nickel sulfate solutions, and immersed in a scattering medium were used for these tests. The brightness of reconstructed phantom images was found to match accurately the absorption profiles of test solutions. Hence, optoacoustic imaging can be applied in preclinical research to perform in vivo absorptivity measurements to deduce functional information on blood oxygen levels or concentration of contrast agents.
Document image binarization using the camera device in mobile phones (2005)

This paper proposes an adaptive binarization method for the document image binarization acquired by an imaging phone. The used algorithm determines the local thresholds with the information from the global trend as well as the local details. As a consequence, the proposed method is good not only for preserving the fine details of the character structure, but also for alleviating noise. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated using the results obtained with a Nokia imaging phone.
A broad-band coplanar waveguide to slotline transition (1992)

An approach for designing a broadband coplanar waveguide (CPW) to slotline transition is presented. A slotline hollow patch creates open circuit conditions on one arm of the CPW and resonates the transition so that maximum power transfer may occur. Excellent performance is observed over a 5:1 bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aspects of Optimisation of Mechanical Pulp Bleaching with Hydrogen Peroxide (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to show the influence of various parameters on the result of mechanical pulp bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. First, known parameters such as consistency, temperature and retention time, as well as alkali and hydrogen peroxide concentration are revisited. Second, the importance of sodium silicate addition to achieve top brightness is supported by laboratory trials. The presence of sodium silicate is especially critical, if caustic soda is used and the process is run at elevated temperature. Nowadays, short water loops result in increasing temperatures, which impact the balance between a reasonable thermal acceleration of the reaction, i.e. activation of the bleaching reaction, and thermal decomposition of the bleaching agent, hydrogen peroxide. Above about 75 C, the thermal decomposition increases significantly, thus the bleaching effect decreases. Sometimes mechanical pulp bleach plants cannot use sodium silicate, e.g., if their process water system is connected to the recovery system of a Kraft pulp mill. This paper gives recommendations how to best control the bleaching process under those conditions. Also, alternatives to sodium silicate such as organic polymers are discussed. Third, advantages and disadvantages of alternative alkali sources to caustic soda such as magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide (lime) and sodium carbonate are presented. For example, laboratory trials have shown that higher brightness can be gained with caustic soda compared to lime or magnesium hydroxide. On the other hand, with calcium or magnesium hydroxide a significantly lower COD load is observed in comparison to caustic soda, which also means higher yield. Whereas this effect has little impact on the mechanical properties of mechanical pulp for softwood (spruce or pine), the use of magnesium hydroxide in the bleaching of hardwood (poplar or aspen) helps to maintain the fibre volume. Thus, mechanical pulps with top brightness can be obtained, which can be used, for example, for production of high bulk board. The peculiarity of sodium carbonate or bicarbonate as a potential alkali source will be explained as well.
Contribution of IL-18 to atopic-dermatitis-like skin inflammation induced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> product in mice (2006)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Cutaneous infection with microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus and/or skin cleansing with detergent exacerbates clinical AD. Here, we generated an AD animal model by destroying skin barrier function with detergent and subsequent topical application of protein A from S. aureus (SpA). NC/Nga mice, which genetically have reduced skin barrier function, and BALB/c mice having intact skin barrier function, were susceptible to this combination and developed severe and moderate AD, respectively, associated with dermal accumulation of eosinophils and mast cells. Both types of mice showed an increase in serum levels of IL-18, but not IgE. The epidermis of the NC/Nga mice rapidly expressed T helper type 1 (Th1)-associated chemokines, including ligands for CXCR3 and CCR5, after application of both SpA and detergent, but not after application of detergent alone. Although treatment with detergent induced moderate Th1 cell response, additional SpA treatment was a prerequisite for induction of the differentiation of naive T cells toward unique Th1 cells, termed "super Th1 cells," capable of producing both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and T helper type 2 cytokine (IL-13), as well as IL-3, and expressing CXCR3 and CCR5. Induction of super Th1 cells required IL-18 stimulation. Blockade of IL-18 prevented AD development, whereas blockade of IL-3 partially prevented AD development, suggesting a contribution of IL-18-dependent IL-3 production to AD with cutaneous mastocytosis. il18-/-BALB/c mice similarly evaded SDS/SpA-induced AD. Thus, IL-18 might be important for the development of infection-associated AD by induction of IL-3 from super Th1 cells.
Spiral-tube parylene intraocular pressure sensor (2005)

This paper presents the first biocompatible, all-mechanical, micromachined pressure sensor with a high-aspect-ratio spiral-tube structure fabricated through a one-layer parylene process. This passive sensor has zero power consumption and indicates the pressure variation by changes of in situ in-plane spiral rotation, which can be gauged externally by a direct and convenient optical observation. A 1 mm-radius device with a 10-turn spiral has demonstrated a 0.22 degree/mmHg sensitivity in liquid. This device is designed for eye implantation and the intraocular spiral rotation can be recorded from outside of the eye. Such a sensing technology is proposed to monitor the intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.
BN-183B, a new antitumor antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas. Taxonomy, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (1980)

BN-183B is a new antitumor antibiotic with chlorine in its molecule found in the culture broth of Pseudomonas sp. BN-183. The compound was weakly basic and isolated as a hydrochloride in a pure state. The molecular formula of its free base was determined as C14H20N2O6Cl2. The antibiotic showed not only strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also marked activity toward experimental tumors such as lymphoid leukemia L-1210 and lymphocytic leukemia P-388 in mice. No mutagenicity of BN-183B was noted.
Case Studies of the Impedance Adjustment with Phase Control in a Transformer Circuit (2019)

Recently, there was a report on a new set of equations for a transformer circuit which considers the attenuation and the phase change of the flux that occur as it propagates through the magnetic core. By controlling the amount of phase change, the impedance can be adjusted. To determine the effect of the added phase factor in the impedance, simple cases are examined in this study: the cases of zero power factor, zero resistance, negative resistance, and positive power difference.