gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2.6 mW/Gbps 12.5 Gbps RX With 8-Tap Switched-Capacitor DFE in 32 nm CMOS (2012)

A low-power receiver circuit in 32 nm SOI CMOS is presented, which is intended to be used in a source-synchronous link configuration. The design of the receiver was optimized for power owing to the assumption that a link protocol enables a periodic calibration during which the circuit does not have to deliver valid data. In addition, it is shown that the transceiver power and the effect of high-frequency transmit jitter can be reduced by implementing a linear equalizer only on the receive side and avoiding a transmit feed-forward equalizer (TX-FFE). On the circuit level, the receiver uses a switched-capacitor (SC) approach for the implementation of an 8-tap decision-feedback equalizer (DFE). The SC-DFE improves the timing margin relative to previous DFE implementations with current feedback, and leads to a digital-style circuit implementation with compact layout. The receiver was measured at data rates up to 13.5 Gb/s, where error free operation was verified with a PRBS-31 sequence and a channel with 32 dB attenuation at Nyquist. With the clock generation circuits amortized over eight lanes, the receiver circuit consumes 2.6 mW/Gbps from a 1.1 V supply while running at 12.5 Gb/s.
Structure—Activity Relationships of Analogues of NF449 Confirm NF449 as the Most Potent and Selective Known P2X<sub>1</sub> Receptor Antagonist. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Design and evaluation of side slip angle-based vehicle stability control scheme on a virtual test track (2006)

This paper describes the development of side slip angle-based vehicle stability control (VSC) schemes and the evaluation of the control schemes on a virtual test track. A differential braking control law based on vehicle planar motion has been designed using a three-degree-of-freedom yaw plane vehicle model. The control threshold for the VSC is designed based on the vehicle body side slip angle. Since VSC always works with the driver, the overall vehicle performance will depend not on how well the VSC works but rather on its interaction with the human driver. Vehicle behavior and interactions between the vehicle, the controller, and the human driver are investigated using a vehicle simulator on a virtual test track (VTT). The VTT consists of a real-time vehicle simulator, a visual animation engine, a visual display, and human-vehicle interfaces. The VTT has been developed and used for the evaluation of the VSC under various realistic conditions in the laboratory. In this paper, the effects of the different control threshold on the vehicle-driver-controller interaction for a novice and expert driver are compared. Test results obtained using the VTT establish the need for a variable control threshold. The VTT makes it possible to perform exhaustive design trials and evaluations in the laboratory without risk of injury before field testing and promises to significantly reduce development cost and cycle time.
[Detection for anti-Hantavirus IgM in patient serum with silver enhanced dot immunogold filtration assay]. (2000)

SEDIGFA is more simple and rapid for application to small medical laboratories. It can be applied for early diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).
Roughness and uniformity improvements on self-aligned quadruple patterning technique for 10nm node and beyond by wafer stress engineering (2017)

Dimension shrinkage has been a major driving force in the development of integrated circuit processing over a number of decades. The Self-Aligned Quadruple Patterning (SAQP) technique is widely adapted for sub-10nm node in order to achieve the desired feature dimensions. This technique provides theoretical feasibility of multiple pitch-halving from 193nm immersion lithography by using various pattern transferring steps. The major concept of this approach is to a create spacer defined self-aligned pattern by using single lithography print. By repeating the process steps, double, quadruple, or octuple are possible to be achieved theoretically. In these small architectures, line roughness control becomes extremely important since it may contribute to a significant portion of process and device performance variations. In addition, the complexity of SAQP in terms of processing flow makes the roughness improvement indirective and ineffective. It is necessary to discover a new approach in order to improve the roughness in the current SAQP technique. In this presentation, we demonstrate a novel method to improve line roughness performances on 30nm pitch SAQP flow. We discover that the line roughness performance is strongly related to stress management. By selecting different stress level of film to be deposited onto the substrate, we can manipulate the roughness performance in line and space patterns. In addition, the impact of curvature change by applied film stress to SAQP line roughness performance is also studied. No significant correlation is found between wafer curvature and line roughness performance. We will discuss in details the step-by-step physical performances for each processing step in terms of critical dimension (CD)/ critical dimension uniformity (CDU)/line width roughness (LWR)/line edge roughness (LER). Finally, we summarize the process needed to reach the full wafer performance targets of LWR/LER in 1.07nm/1.13nm on 30nm pitch line and space pattern.
An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of Substituted Thiazoles (1993)

The reaction between 3-amino-3-(dialkylamino)propenenitriles 1 and sodium thiocyanate in presence of bromine, provides an efficient route for the synthesis of 2-amino-5-cyano-4-(dialkylamino)thiazoles 3.
New method for magnetometers based orientation estimation (2010)

Low cost magnetometers can be used for estimating the orientation with respect to the magnetic North. Although magnetometers work very well in clean magnetic environments like in the outdoors, they are strongly influenced by magnetic perturbations produced by manmade infrastructure in the indoors. Calibration techniques exist that can be used to compensate for these perturbations only if they are constant and associated with the navigation platform itself. But in the indoors, these perturbations vary spatially and render the previously available calibration techniques useless. In this paper, we present a new calibration technique that can be used to compensate for the varying magnetic perturbations on the host platform with better accuracy. Based on this new calibration algorithm, magnetic heading is estimated using multiple magnetometers mounted in a special geometric arrangement. Results show that the new calibration technique and heading computation successfully estimate the cumulative effects of perturbations and gives a better orientation estimate as compared with previous work.
<p>Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases</p> (2020)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of high morbidity and mortality globally. Preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures available for CVDs are not very useful, which demands promising alternative methods. Nanoscience and nanotechnology open a new window in the area of CVDs with an opportunity to achieve effective treatment, better prognosis, and less adverse effects on non-target tissues. The application of nanoparticles and nanocarriers in the area of cardiology has gathered much attention due to the properties such as passive and active targeting to the cardiac tissues, improved target specificity, and sensitivity. It has reported that more than 50% of CVDs can be treated effectively through the use of nanotechnology. The main goal of this review is to explore the recent advancements in nanoparticle-based cardiovascular drug carriers. This review also summarizes the difficulties associated with the conventional treatment modalities in comparison to the nanomedicine for CVDs.
Ataluren as an Agent for Therapeutic Nonsense Suppression (2012)

The interplay of translation and mRNA turnover has helped unveil how the regulation of gene expression is a continuum in which events that occur during the birth of a transcript in the nucleus can have profound effects on subsequent steps in the cytoplasm. Exemplifying this continuum is nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), the process wherein a premature stop codon affects both translation and mRNA decay. Studies of NMD helped lead us to the therapeutic concept of treating a subset of patients suffering from multiple genetic disorders due to nonsense mutations with a single small-molecule drug that modulates the translation termination process at a premature nonsense codon. Here we review both translation termination and NMD, and our subsequent efforts over the past 15 years that led to the identification, characterization, and clinical testing of ataluren, a new therapeutic with the potential to treat a broad range of genetic disorders due to nonsense mutations.
Active current limitation for cold-cathode field emitters (1994)

In this letter the effect of active current limitation on the reliability and performance of cold-cathode emitters produced using nanometric fabrication techniques is described. MOSFET limiters were compared along with resistor-limiters and unlimited field emission devices. It is shown that active limiters have the ability to quench discharges before serious damage occurs.
The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (1998)

From recent research it has become clear that at least two different possibilities for anaerobic ammonium oxidation exist in nature. 'Aerobic' ammonium oxidizers like Nitrosomonas eutropha were observed to reduce nitrite or nitrogen dioxide with hydroxylamine or ammonium as electron donor under anoxic conditions. The maximum rate for anaerobic ammonium oxidation was about 2 nmol NH4+ min-1 (mg protein)-1 using nitrogen dioxide as electron acceptor. This reaction, which may involve NO as an intermediate, is thought to generate energy sufficient for survival under anoxic conditions, but not for growth. A novel obligately anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process was recently discovered in a denitrifying pilot plant reactor. From this system, a highly enriched microbial community with one dominating peculiar autotrophic organism was obtained. With nitrite as electron acceptor a maximum specific oxidation rate of 55 nmol NH4+ min-1 (mg protein)-1 was determined. Although this reaction is 25-fold faster than in Nitrosomonas, it allowed growth at a rate of only 0.003 h-1 (doubling time 11 days). 15N labeling studies showed that hydroxylamine and hydrazine were important intermediates in this new process. A novel type of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase containing an unusual P468 cytochrome has been purified from the Anammox culture. Microsensor studies have shown that at the oxic/anoxic interface of many ecosystems nitrite and ammonia occur in the absence of oxygen. In addition, the number of reports on unaccounted high nitrogen losses in wastewater treatment is gradually increasing, indicating that anaerobic ammonium oxidation may be more widespread than previously assumed. The recently developed nitrification systems in which oxidation of nitrite to nitrate is prevented form an ideal partner for the Anammox process. The combination of these partial nitrification and Anammox processes remains a challenge for future application in the removal of ammonium from wastewater with high ammonium concentrations.
Generating databases for query workloads (2010)

To evaluate the performance of database applications and DBMSs, we usually execute workloads of queries on generated databases of different sizes and measure the response time. This paper introduces MyBenchmark, an offline data generation tool that takes a set of queries as input and generates database instances for which the users can control the characteristics of the resulting workload. Applications of MyBenchmark include database testing, database application testing, and application-driven benchmarking. We present the architecture and the implementation algorithms of MyBenchmark. We also present the evaluation results of MyBenchmark using TPC workloads.
The Utility of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Screening Instruments in Individuals Seeking Treatment for Substance Use Disorders (2012)

While all of the screening instruments were found to have adequate sensitivity and specificity, the CAARS outperformed the other instruments in regard to agreement with the CAADID and positive predictive values. However, the WURS, with the highest sensitivity in regard to the broadest range of ADHD cases, may be the single best instrument for preliminary screening purposes. Further, because the ASRS-V1.1 is the simplest and shortest instrument to administer, it may have advantages when a large number of patients need to be screened.
A NEW DEVICE FOR PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT OF PARTICLES (1972)

A new device has been developed to convey particles through a duct with air or gas. The pneumatic apparatus has an air box under a porous plate on which many inclined parallel plates are attached to orientate and convey particles from one cell to the next cell with air or gas. Thus, particles can be transported upwards as well as downwards. The average residence time or the apparent passing velocity of particles, the pressure drop of air or gas, and the power required to convey solids are investigated by applying the method of dimensional analysis. A minimum transport velocity of air is also evaluated, assuming a minimum voidage of particles mass within cells. As a result, they are expressed as functions of geometrical dimensions of the device, physical properties of particles, and of operational conditions such as the feed rate of particles, the inclination angle of the device and flow rate of air or gas. Experimental results verify the derived equations.
HAb18G/CD147 inhibits starvation‐induced autophagy in human hepatoma cell SMMC7721 with an involvement of Beclin 1 down‐regulation (2009)

HAb18G/CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in various types of malignant cells, mainly functions as an inducer of matrix metalloproteinases to promote tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. However, whether there are other mechanisms underlying the role of HAb18G/CD147 in tumor progression remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the functional effects of HAb18G/CD147 on autophagy in hepatoma cell line SMMC7721 using immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and transmission electronmicroscopy. Our data showed that specific small interference RNA (siRNA) considerably down-regulated the expression of HAb18G/CD147 in SMMC7721 cells at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. The down-regulation of HAb18G/CD147 significantly promoted starvation-induced autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Using trypan blue exclusion assay, we found that HAb18G/CD147 notably enhanced the survival of SMMC7721 cells through inhibiting starvation-induced autophagy. In addition, we demonstrated that HAb18G/CD147 down-regulated the expression of autophagy-regulating protein Beclin 1 in SMMC7721 cells. Furthermore, our data indicated that HAb18G siRNA-transfected SMMC7721 cells had a significantly decreased level of phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase B (pAkt) and the expression of Beclin 1 was inversely associated with the level of pAkt, suggesting that the Class I phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-Akt pathway may be involved in the down-regulation of Beclin 1 by HAb18G/CD147. Overall, we provide the first experimental evidence to show that HAb18G/CD147 may play an important role in the inhibitory regulation of autophagy. Therefore, our data suggest a new molecular mechanism for HAb18G-mediated hepatoma progression.
Safety of Cow's Milk-Derived Fortifiers used with an All Human Milk Base Diet in Very Low Birthweight Preterm Infants: Part II (2020)

Recently we published a meta-analyses of morbidity seen with the use of cow’s milk derived fortifier (CMDF) rather than human milk derived fortifier (HMDF) in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Here, we further analyse these data to estimate the annual population risk of CMDF-related major morbidity in the United States and Canada. The outcome used was a mortality/morbidity index which was positive if the infants had one or more of death, necrotising enterocolitis, sepsis retinopathy of prematurity or broncho- pulmonary dysplasia. Using the risk difference (RD) between the CMDF and HMDF groups we estimated, provisionally, that 4150 additional VLBW infants in the United States and Canada each year, or an additional infant approximately every 2 hours, may be expected to develop a positive mortality/morbidity index in relation to being fed CMDF – over and above the number of infants with a positive index if fed HMDF. We provide an in-depth discussion of the limitations of our estimate. This analysis provides preliminary evidence of the magnitude of population risk of major neonatal morbidity with use of CMDF versus HMDF in VLBW infants in current practice.
A bridgeless totem-pole interleaved PFC converter for plug-in electric vehicles (2016)

This paper proposes a bidirectional bridgeless totem-pole interleaved power-factor-correction (PFC) converter using SiC MOSFETs as the front-end stage of an onboard charger for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The proposed converter provides bidirectional operation enabling both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) ancillary services. The converter is suitable for efficient G2V V2G onboard charging due to its superiorities in terms of bidirectional operation, smaller current ripple, lower EMI, lower conduction losses and switching losses. A 3.3kW PFC converter is designed and developed, using Silicon-Carbide MOSFETs with fast recovery body diodes, for validation of and V2G operating modes. Utilizing SiC MOSFETs enables continuous current mode (CCM) operation of the totem-pole PFC converter in high-power applications. The converter is capable of converting 85Vac-265Vac line voltages into a regulated dc voltage in the range of 300V to 600V. The maximum efficiency of converter reaches up to 99.2% with 0.99 power factor.
Ultrasound-guided tissue fractionation by high intensity focused ultrasound in an in vivo porcine liver model (2014)

The clinical use of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy for noninvasive tissue ablation has been recently gaining momentum. In HIFU, ultrasound energy from an extracorporeal source is focused within the body to ablate tissue at the focus while leaving the surrounding organs and tissues unaffected. Most HIFU therapies are designed to use heating effects resulting from the absorption of ultrasound by tissue to create a thermally coagulated treatment volume. Although this approach is often successful, it has its limitations, such as the heat sink effect caused by the presence of a large blood vessel near the treatment area or heating of the ribs in the transcostal applications. HIFU-induced bubbles provide an alternative means to destroy the target tissue by mechanical disruption or, at its extreme, local fractionation of tissue within the focal region. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a recently developed approach to HIFU-induced ultrasound-guided tissue fractionation in an in vivo pig model. In this approach, termed boiling histotripsy, a millimeter-sized boiling bubble is generated by ultrasound and further interacts with the ultrasound field to fractionate porcine liver tissue into subcellular debris without inducing further thermal effects. Tissue selectivity, demonstrated by boiling histotripsy, allows for the treatment of tissue immediately adjacent to major blood vessels and other connective tissue structures. Furthermore, boiling histotripsy would benefit the clinical applications, in which it is important to accelerate resorption or passage of the ablated tissue volume, diminish pressure on the surrounding organs that causes discomfort, or insert openings between tissues.
A Novel Approach for the Detection of Inhomogeneities Affecting Climate Time Series (2011)

Abstract Sudden changes caused by nonclimatic factors (inhomogeneities) usually affect instrumental time series of climate variables. To perform robust climate analyses based on observations, a proper identification of such changes is necessary. Here, an approach (named the “GAHMDI” method, after its components and purpose) that is based on a genetic algorithm and hidden Markov models is proposed for detection of inhomogeneities caused by changes in the mean and variance. Simulated series and a case study (winter precipitation from a weather station located in Milan, Italy) are set up to compare GAHMDI with existing methodologies and to highlight its features. For the identification of a single changepoint, GAHMDI performs similarly to other methods (e.g., standard normal homogeneity test). However, for the identification of multiple inhomogeneities and changes in variance, GAHMDI returns better results than three widespread methods by avoiding overdetection. For future applications and research in the homogenization of climate datasets (temperature and precipitation) the use of GAHMDI is encouraged, preferably in combination with another detection procedure (e.g., the method of Caussinus and Mestre) when metadata are not available. Since GAHMDI is developed in the generic context of time series segmentation, it can be applied to series of generic variables—for instance, those related to economics, biology, and informatics.
VisTA: Integrating Machine Intelligence with Visualization to Support the Investigation of Think-Aloud Sessions (2019)

Think-aloud protocols are widely used by user experience (UX) practitioners in usability testing to uncover issues in user interface design. It is often arduous to analyze large amounts of recorded think-aloud sessions and few UX practitioners have an opportunity to get a second perspective during their analysis due to time and resource constraints. Inspired by the recent research that shows subtle verbalization and speech patterns tend to occur when users encounter usability problems, we take the first step to design and evaluate an intelligent visual analytics tool that leverages such patterns to identify usability problem encounters and present them to UX practitioners to assist their analysis. We first conducted and recorded think-aloud sessions, and then extracted textual and acoustic features from the recordings and trained machine learning (ML) models to detect problem encounters. Next, we iteratively designed and developed a visual analytics tool, VisTA, which enables dynamic investigation of think-aloud sessions with a timeline visualization of ML predictions and input features. We conducted a between-subjects laboratory study to compare three conditions, i.e., VisTA, VisTASimple (no visualization of the ML's input features), and Baseline (no ML information at all), with 30 UX professionals. The findings show that UX professionals identified more problem encounters when using VisTA than Baseline by leveraging the problem visualization as an overview, anticipations, and anchors as well as the feature visualization as a means to understand what ML considers and omits. Our findings also provide insights into how they treated ML, dealt with (dis)agreement with ML, and reviewed the videos (i.e., play, pause, and rewind).
Simultaneous Evaluation of Lung Anatomy and Ventilation Using 4D Respiratory‐Motion‐Resolved Ultrashort Echo Time Sparse MRI (2018)

2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:411-422.