gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid Synthesis and Surfactant Turnover in the Lungs (1985)

The sections in this article are: 1 Lipid Composition of Lung Tissue 1.1 Parenchyma 1.2 Alveolar Type II Cells 1.3 Pulmonary Surfactant 1.3.1 Extracellular Surfactant Lipids 1.3.2 Lamellar Bodies 1.3.3 Apolipoproteins of Surfactant 2 Metabolic Pathways of Lipids in Lung Tissue 2.1 Phosphatidylcholine 2.2 Phosphatidylglycerol 2.3 Other Lipids in Surfactant 2.4 Enzymes of Lipid Synthesis 2.4.1 Choline Kinase 2.4.2 Cholinephosphate Cytidylyltransferase 2.4.3 Phosphatide Acid Phosphohydrolase 2.4.4 Cholinephosphotransferase 2.4.5 Phosphatidylcholine Remodeling Enzymes 3 Regulation of Surfactant Metabolism 3.1 Regulation of Synthesis and Storage of Surfactant Components 3.2 Regulation of Secretion of Surfactant Components 3.3 Regulation of Clearance of Surfactant Components 3.4 Relationship Between Protein and Lipid Metabolism 4 Compartmental Analysis in Studies of Surfactant Turnover
Automated tumor segmentation using kernel sparse representations (2012)

In this paper, we describe a pixel based approach for automated segmentation of tumor components from MR images. Sparse coding with data-adapted dictionaries has been successfully employed in several image recovery and vision problems. Since it is trivial to obtain sparse codes for pixel values, we propose to consider their non-linear similarities to perform kernel sparse coding in a high dimensional feature space. We develop the kernel K-lines clustering procedure for inferring kernel dictionaries and use the kernel sparse codes to determine if a pixel belongs to a tumorous region. By incorporating spatial locality information of the pixels, contiguous tumor regions can be efficiently identified. A low complexity segmentation approach, which allows the user to initialize the tumor region, is also presented. Results show that both of the proposed approaches lead to accurate tumor identification with a low false positive rate, when compared to manual segmentation by an expert.
True differential pyroelectric infrared detector with improved D* test results with analysis (2016)

Pyroelectric infrared detectors are used in many commercial and industrial applications. Typically these devices have been “single ended” and thus any electronic perturbation from a non-detector related noise source such as line frequency interference or microprocessor clock and other sources of electronic noise can be coupled onto the detector’s output signal. We have solved this problem by employing a rather unique connection which also provides an increase in the signal to noise of any pyroelectric detector by a factor of the square root of 2 or by about 1.41 times greater than devices not utilizing this connection. Many devices using this connection have been built, fully tested and the data analyzed which provide a true differential or double ended output and the increase in D* as predicted. This scheme will work with any pyroelectric material (LTO, DLATGS, PLZT, PVDF etc.) with current or voltage mode impedance conversion and configurations such as parallel or series with and without temperature fluctuation compensation and of course with standard single elements. This talk will present this data and conclusions regarding the approach.
Nonoxidized, Biologically Active Parathyroid Hormone Determines Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients (2013)

The predictive power of n-oxPTH and iPTH on the mortality of hemodialysis patients differs substantially. Measurements of n-oxPTH may reflect the hormone status more precisely. The iPTH-associated mortality is most likely describing oxidative stress-related mortality.
Source rendering on dynamic audio displays (2017)

We describe a design for an “audio display”, a loudspeaker that employs the bending vibrations of a panel, such as flat-panel television screen or projection surface, to render localized sound sources anywhere on the surface of the panel. The method employs a two-dimensional Fourier series reconstruction of the desired panel spatial vibration profile, and an array of force actuators affixed to the panel to selectively control its bending modes. The parameters of the signal filters required to drive the actuator array are based upon the intended panel spatial vibration profile and the resonant frequencies and quality factors of the panel modes. A computationally efficient method to dynamically control the locations of the audio sources on the audio display surface is described. Laser vibrometer measurements of a prototype show that the method can be used for real-time control of sound source locations, which allows audio sources and their corresponding video features to be spatially aligned to give viewers a greater sense of media immersion.
Distributed transforms for efficient data gathering in arbitrary networks (2011)

In this paper we present a simple distributed transform for data-gathering applications for arbitrary networks that achieves significant gains over raw data transmission, while requiring minimal coordination between nodes. In most spatial compression schemes some nodes (i.e., raw nodes) need to transmit raw data before spatial compression can be performed. Nodes that receive raw data (i.e., aggregating nodes) can then perform spatial compression. Thus, most spatial compression schemes require some raw-aggregating node assignment (RANA) to enable compression. Since transmitting raw data usually requires more bits than transmitting compressed data, we seek to find RANAs that select raw nodes in order to minimize overall energy consumption in the network. We formulate the problem of optimally selecting raw nodes as a set cover problem and propose distributed solutions for a variety of scenarios, including single-sink, multi-sink and gossip-based networks.
On-line signature verification with two-stage statistical models (2005)

Signature verification is a challenging task, because only a small set of genuine samples can be acquired and usually no forgeries are available in real application. In this paper, we propose a new two-stage statistical system for automatic on-line signature verification. Our system is composed of a simplified GMM model for global signature features, and a discrete HMM model for local signature features. To be practical, we introduce specific simplification strategies for model building and training. Our system requires only 5 genuine samples for new users and relies on only 3 global parameters for quick and efficient system tuning. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our system.
Automatic extraction of glossary terms from natural language requirements (2013)

We present a method for the automatic extraction of glossary terms from unconstrained natural language requirements. The glossary terms are identified in two steps - a) compute units (which are candidates for glossary terms) b) disambiguate between the mutually exclusive units to identify terms. We introduce novel linguistic techniques to identify process nouns, abstract nouns and auxiliary verbs. The identification of units also handles co-ordinating conjunctions and adjectival modifiers. This requires solving co-ordination ambiguity and adjectival modifier ambiguity. The identification of terms among the units adapts an in-document statistical metric. We present an evaluation of our method over a real-life set of software requirements' documents and compare our results with that of a base algorithm. The intricate linguistic classification and the tackling of ambiguity result in superior performance of our approach over the base algorithm.
Comparison of the Clinical Information Provided by the FreeStyle Navigator Continuous Interstitial Glucose Monitor Versus Traditional Blood Glucose Readings (2010)

While SMBG produces more accurate instantaneous glucose values than CGM, control of blood glucose involves a system in flux, and CGM provides more detailed insight into the dynamics of that system. In the normal and elevated glucose ranges, the additional information about the direction and rate of glucose change provided by the FreeStyle Navigator CGM System increases the ability to make correct clinical decisions when compared to episodic SMBG tests.
An Adenovirus Vaccine Expressing Ebola Virus Variant Makona Glycoprotein Is Efficacious in Guinea Pigs and Nonhuman Primates (2016)

A licensed vaccine against Ebola virus (EBOV) remains unavailable, despite >11 000 deaths from the 2014-2016 outbreak of EBOV disease in West Africa. Past studies have shown that recombinant vaccine viruses expressing EBOV glycoprotein (GP) are able to protect nonhuman primates (NHPs) from a lethal EBOV challenge. However, these vaccines express the viral GP-based EBOV variants found in Central Africa, which has 97.3% amino acid homology to the Makona variant found in West Africa. Our previous study showed that a recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-vectored vaccine expressing the Makona EBOV GP (MakGP) was safe and immunogenic during clinical trials in China, but it is unknown whether the vaccine protects against EBOV infection. Here, we demonstrate that guinea pigs immunized with Ad5-MakGP developed robust humoral responses and were protected against exposure to guinea pig-adapted EBOV. Ad5-MakGP also elicited specific B- and T-cell immunity in NHPs and conferred 100% protection when animals were challenged 4 weeks after immunization. These results support further clinical development of this candidate and highlight the utility of Ad5-MakGP as a prophylactic measure in future outbreaks of EBOV disease.
Adaptation of large vocabulary recognition system parameters (1992)

The authors report on a series of experiments in which the hidden Markov model baseforms and the language model probabilities were updated from spontaneously dictated speech captured during recognition sessions with the IBM Tangora system. The basic technique for baseform modification consisted of constructing new fenonic baseforms for all recognized words. To modify the language model probabilities, a simplified version of a cache language model was implemented. The word error rate across six talkers was 3.7%. Baseform adaptation reduced the average error rate to 3.5%, and using the cache language model reduced the error rate to 3.2%. Combining both techniques further reduced the error rate to 3.1%-a respectable improvement over the original error rate, especially given that the system was speaker-trained prior to adaptation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient Construction of a Recombinant Adenovirus Vector by an Improved In Vitro Ligation Method (1998)

An efficient method for constructing a recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vector, based on an in vitro ligation, has been developed. To insert the foreign gene into an adenoviral DNA, we introduced three unique restriction sites, I-CeuI, Swa I, and PI-SceI, into the E1 deletion site of the vector plasmid, which contains a complete E1, E3-deleted adenovirus type 5 genome. I-CeuI and PI-SceI are intron-encoded endonucleases with a sequence specificity of at least 9-10 and 11 bp, respectively. A shuttle plasmid, pHM3, containing multiple cloning sites between the I-CeuI and PI-SceI sites, was constructed. After the gene of interest was inserted into this shuttle plasmid, the plasmid for E1-deleted adenovirus vector could be easily prepared by in vitro ligation using the I-CeuI and PI-SceI sites. SwaI digestion of the ligation products prevented the production of a plasmid containing a parental adenovirus genome (null vector). After transformation into E. coli, more than 90% of the transformants had the correct insert. To make the vector, a PacI-digested, linearized plasmid was trans-fected into 293 cells, resulting in a homogeneous population of recombinant virus. The large number and strategic location of the unique restriction sites will not only increase the rapidity of production of new first-generation vectors for gene transfer but will allow for rapid further improvements in the vector DNA backbone.
Distributed Turbo Coding with Soft Information Relaying in Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

In this paper, we propose a novel distributed turbo coding (DTC) scheme for wireless sensor networks. In the proposed scheme, rather than making a decision on the transmitted information symbols at the relay as in the conventional DTC, the relay calculates and forwards the corresponding soft information. The proposed scheme can effectively overcome error propagation due to erroneous decoding at the relay, thus significantly outperforming the conventional DTC with imperfect decoding. At high signal to noise ratios (SNR), the proposed scheme can also approach the performance of the DTC with automatic repeat request (ARQ) and achieve much higher throughput than the latter.
In-Line Radiolabeling: A Novel Continuous-Flow System for Commercial-Scale Protein Labeling (2009)

Simple to construct, our system is already used to manufacture a radiolabeled antibody, both in the United States and in India, as part of clinical trials to treat glioblastoma multiforme. Modified, this system may be also applicable for nonradioactive labeling.
Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors to Krüppel-like Factor 10 (KLF10): Implications for Modulation of T Regulatory Cell Differentiation (2015)

The Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (KLFs) constitute a subfamily of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins with distinct cell-type expression patterns and regulate functional aspects of cell growth and differentiation, activation, or development. KLF10 has been previously shown to critically regulate the acquisition of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cell differentiation and function, an effect important to the maintenance of self-tolerance, immune suppression, and tumor immunosurveillance. To date, there are no selective pharmacological inhibitors to KLF10. Herein, we report on the discovery of first-in-class small molecule compounds that inhibit the KLF10-DNA interaction interface using computer-aided drug design (CADD) screens of chemical libraries. Interrogation of a "druggable" pocket in the second zinc finger of KLF10 revealed three small molecules, #48, #48-15, and #15-09, with similar scaffolds and binding patterns. Each of these small molecules inhibited KLF10-DNA binding and transcriptional activity, conversion of CD4+CD25- T cells to CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells, and KLF10 target gene expression. Taken together, these findings support the feasibility of using CADD with functional assays to identify small molecules that target members of the KLF subfamily of transcription factors to regulate biological functions in health and disease. We hope these novel compounds will serve as useful mechanistic probes for KLF10-mediated effects and T regulatory cell biology.
A 640 X 512-Pixel Portable Long-Wavelength Infrared Camera (2007)

A portable long-wavelength infrared electronic camera having a cutoff wavelength of 9 microns has been built around an image sensor in the form of a 640X512-pixel array of AlxGa(1-x)As/GaAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). This camera is an intermediate product of a continuing program to develop high-resolution, high-sensitivity infrared cameras.
Demonstration of a cavity-enhanced optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification system (2011)

The use of a low finesse enhancement cavity resonant with a low average power (<1 W) and a high repetition rate (78 MHz) pump source is shown to achieve 55% conversion efficiency into signal and idler from the coupled pump in an optical parametric process, whereas an equivalent amount of pump power in a single-pass configuration leads to negligible conversion. Careful comparison of the intracavity conversion process to the single-pass case is performed to assess the underlying impedance matching that yields the high conversion results.
An algorithm for multipath computation using distance-vectors with predecessor information (2003)

Routing algorithms in the IP Internet provide a single path between each source-destination pair and where more than one path is provided, they are paths of equal length. Single-path routing is inherently slow in responding to congestion and temporary traffic bursts; multiple paths are better suited to handle congestion. Also the paths provided in RIP and OSPF are not free of loops during times of network transition, which can be debilitating to network performance. We present a distributed routing algorithm for computing multiple paths that need not have equal length between each source-destination pair in a computer network such that they are loop-free at every instant - in steady state as well as during network transitions. The algorithm is scalable to large networks as it uses only one-hop synchronization which is unlike diffusing computations that require internodal synchronization spanning multiple hops. The safety and liveness properties of the algorithm are proven and its complexity is analyzed.
Generation of Coherent and Frequency-Locked Multi-Carriers Using Cascaded Phase Modulators for 10 Tb/s Optical Transmission System (2011)

The generation of coherent and frequency-locked optical multi-carriers by using cascaded phase modulators and recirculating frequency shifter (RFS) based on an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) loop has been investigated theoretically and experimentally for a multi-terabit optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) superchannel transmission. The phase and amplitude relationship between RF driving signals of two cascaded phase modulators and the impact of EDFA gain are analyzed. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The 112 coherent and frequency-locked subcarriers obtained after tilt filtering exhibit a tone-to-noise ratio of larger than 26 dB, a power fluctuation of less than 5 dB, and a frequency spacing of 25 GHz giving a 22.6 nm-wide optical OFDM signal spectrum. By using this method, we have successfully generated a 10-Tbit/s (112 × 100 Gbit/s) single optical OFDM polarization-division-multiplexing QPSK (PDM-QPSK) superchannel with an optical signal to noise ratio per OFDM subchannel greater than 20 dB at 0.1 nm bandwidth, and it has been transmitted over a 640-km SMF-28 and EDFA-only link with BER less than 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> .
Intestinal removal of free fatty acids from hosts by <i>Lactobacilli</i> for the treatment of obesity (2015)

Recent findings on the association of gut microbiota with various diseases, including obesity, prompted us to investigate the possibility of using a certain type of gut bacteria as a safe therapeutic for obesity. Lactobacillus mutants with enhanced capacity in absorption of free fatty acids (FFAs) were isolated to show reduced absorption of FFAs by the administered host, attributing to inhibition of body weight gain and body fat accumulation as well as amelioration of blood profiles. Consequently, high throughput screening of natural FFAs-absorbing intestinal microbes led to the isolation of Lactobacillus reuteri JBD30 l. The administration of Lactobacillus JBD30l lowered the concentration of FFAs in the gut fluid content of small intestine, thus reducing intestinal absorption of FFAs whereas promoting fecal excretion of FFAs. Animal data also confirmed that the efficacy of Lactobacillus JBD30l on body weight similar to that of orlistat, an FDA-approved pharmaceutical for long-term use to treat obesity. In a subsequent random, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (KCT0000452 at Clinical Research Information Service of Korea), there was a statistically significant difference in the percentage change in body weight between the Lactobacillus JBD301 and the placebo group (P = 0.026) as well as in the BMI (P = 0.036) from the 0-week assessment to the 12-week assessment. Our results show that FFA-absorbing Lactobacillus JBD301 effectively reduces dietary fat absorption, providing an ideal treatment for obesity with inherent safety.
Effective interprocedural resource leak detection (2010)

Garbage collection relieves programmers from the burden of explicit memory management. However, explicit management is still required for finite system resources, such as I/O streams, fonts, and database connections. Failure to release unneeded system resources results in resource leaks, which can lead to performance degradation and system crashes.
Magnetic susceptibility imaging for nondestructive evaluation (using SQUID magnetometer) (1993)

High-resolution superconducting magnetometers such as MicroSQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) have been shown to be effective for nondestructive evaluation. MicroSQUID can also be used with a room-temperature magnet to image the magnetic susceptibility of materials. A diamagnetic or paramagnetic sample is scanned in the applied field, and the local perturbations are measured. For thin samples, such as plates, sheets, or thin sections of rock, the data are deconvolved to generate two-dimensional susceptibility images. Three-dimensional structures can be imaged with magnetic susceptibility tomography: deconvolution of a large data set obtained by applying the field and scanning in multiple orientations. Extremely small surface defects on nonmagnetic or weakly magnetic samples are imaged by decorating the sample with paramagnetic microspheres prior to scanning. Magnetic susceptibility imaging demonstrates the feasibility of SQUID nondestructive evaluation on materials that could previously be examined only with X-rays or ultrasound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Novel high-performance dispersion-compensating fiber design</title> (1998)

We propose a novel dispersion compensating fiber design consisting of two highly asymmetric concentric cores. We show that the fundamental mode of the proposed fiber can have very large negative dispersion values (~ —5100 ps/(nm.km)) with larger mode field diameter (~ 9/µm) relative to the existing dispersion compensating fibers.
Protocol to Access White-Space (PAWS) Databases: Use Cases and Requirements (2013)

Portions of the radio spectrum that are assigned to a particular use
but are unused or unoccupied at specific locations and times are
defined as space. The concept of allowing additional
transmissions (which may or may not be licensed) in white space is a
technique to unlock existing spectrum for new use. This document
includes the problem statement for the development of a protocol to
access a database of white-space information followed by use cases and
requirements for that protocol. Finally, requirements associated with
the protocol are presented.