gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Motion-Compensated Orthogonal Transform with Energy-Concentration Constraint (2006)

This paper discusses a transform for successive pictures of an image sequence which strictly maintains orthogonality while permitting motion compensation between pairs of pictures. The well known motion-compensated lifted Haar wavelet maintains orthogonality only approximately. In the case of zero motion fields, the motion-compensated lifted Haar wavelet is known to be orthogonal. But for complex motion fields with many multi-connected and unconnected pixels, the motion-compensated lifted Haar wavelet cannot accurately maintain its transform property and, hence, suffers a performance degradation. The presented motion-compensated orthogonal transform strictly maintains orthogonality for any motion field. Further, the transform is designed with an energy-concentration constraint. The energy of the input pictures is accumulated in the temporal low-band while the temporal high-band is zero if the input pictures are identical up to a known single-connecting motion field. This constraint makes the transform suitable for coding applications
Characterization of Al rich oxide layers on austenitic stainless steels by fluorescence spectroscopy (2000)

An Al rich oxide passivation technique has been developed to improve the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel to ozone added ultra-pure water. Fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to the study on the selective oxidation of aluminum containing austenitic stainless steel in low oxygen atmosphere at 1,353K. It was found that in the thermal oxidation under low oxygen pressure, the minor alloying constitution of Al resulted in the formation of thin oxide layers. The frequency shifts of fluorescence spectra show that the compressive stresses exist in the oxide layers as a result of the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between substrate steels and α-Al2O3, and depends on the thickness of the oxide layers. It is confirmed that pure α-Al2O3 protective layers grown on the stainless steels, which remain stable and attached to the stainless steels in ozone added ultra-pure water. These act as a diffusion barrier and protect the stainless steels from the metal dissolution.
Inhibition of complement pathway activation with Pozelimab, a fully human antibody to complement component C5 (2020)

Complement is a key component of the innate immune system. Inappropriate complement activation underlies the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. Complement component 5 (C5) is a validated therapeutic target for complement-mediated diseases, but the development of new therapeutics has been limited by a paucity of preclinical models to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of candidate therapies. The present report describes a novel humanized C5 mouse and its utility in evaluating a panel of fully human anti-C5 antibodies. Surprisingly, humanized C5 mice revealed marked differences in clearance rates amongst a panel of anti-C5 antibodies. One antibody, pozelimab (REGN3918), bound C5 and C5 variants with high affinity and potently blocked complement-mediated hemolysis in vitro. In studies conducted in both humanized C5 mice and cynomolgus monkeys, pozelimab demonstrated prolonged PK and durable suppression of hemolytic activity ex vivo. In humanized C5 mice, a switch in dosing from in-house eculizumab to pozelimab was associated with normalization of serum C5 concentrations, sustained suppression of hemolytic activity ex vivo, and no overt toxicity. Our findings demonstrate the value of humanized C5 mice in identifying new therapeutic candidates and treatment options for complement-mediated diseases.
Global 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Levels Are Profoundly Reduced in Multiple Genitourinary Malignancies (2016)

Solid tumors are characterized by a plethora of epigenetic changes. In particular, patterns methylation of cytosines at the 5-position (5mC) in the context of CpGs are frequently altered in tumors. Recent evidence suggests that 5mC can get converted to 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5hmC) in an enzymatic process involving ten eleven translocation (TET) protein family members, and this process appears to be important in facilitating plasticity of cytosine methylation. Here we evaluated the global levels of 5hmC using a validated immunohistochemical staining method in a large series of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (n = 111), urothelial cell carcinoma (n = 55) and testicular germ cell tumors (n = 84) and matched adjacent benign tissues. Whereas tumor-adjacent benign tissues were mostly characterized by high levels of 5hmC, renal cell carcinoma and urothelial cell carcinoma showed dramatically reduced staining for 5hmC. 5hmC levels were low in both primary tumors and metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and showed no association with disease outcomes. In normal testis, robust 5hmC staining was only observed in stroma and Sertoli cells. Seminoma showed greatly reduced 5hmC immunolabeling, whereas differentiated teratoma, embryonal and yolk sack tumors exhibited high 5hmC levels. The substantial tumor specific loss of 5hmC, particularly in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and urothelial cell carcinoma, suggests that alterations in pathways involved in establishing and maintaining 5hmC levels might be very common in cancer and could potentially be exploited for diagnosis and treatment.
Searchable Encryption with Secure and Efficient Updates (2014)

Searchable (symmetric) encryption allows encryption while still enabling search for keywords. Its immediate application is cloud storage where a client outsources its files while the (cloud) service provider should search and selectively retrieve those. Searchable encryption is an active area of research and a number of schemes with different efficiency and security characteristics have been proposed in the literature. Any scheme for practical adoption should be efficient -- i.e. have sub-linear search time --, dynamic -- i.e. allow updates -- and semantically secure to the most possible extent. Unfortunately, efficient, dynamic searchable encryption schemes suffer from various drawbacks. Either they deteriorate from semantic security to the security of deterministic encryption under updates, they require to store information on the client and for deleted files and keywords or they have very large index sizes. All of this is a problem, since we can expect the majority of data to be later added or changed. Since these schemes are also less efficient than deterministic encryption, they are currently an unfavorable choice for encryption in the cloud. In this paper we present the first searchable encryption scheme whose updates leak no more information than the access pattern, that still has asymptotically optimal search time, linear, very small and asymptotically optimal index size and can be implemented without storage on the client (except the key). Our construction is based on the novel idea of learning the index for efficient access from the access pattern itself. Furthermore, we implement our system and show that it is highly efficient for cloud storage.
Automatic color image segmentation by dynamic region growth and multimodal merging of color and texture information (2008)

Image segmentation is a fundamental task in many computer vision applications. In this paper, we present a novel unsupervised color image segmentation algorithm that utilizes color gradients, dynamic thresholding and texture modeling algorithms in a split and merge framework. To this effect, pixels without edges are clustered and labeled individually to identify the preliminary image content. Pixels that contain higher gradients are further classified by utilizing an iterative dynamic threshold generation technique and an appropriate entropy based texture model. The proposed algorithm was demonstrated successfully on an extensive database of images and benchmarked favorably against prior art.
Glypican-1 as a novel immunotherapeutic target in prostate cancer. (2018)

174 Background: New effective therapies for men with prostate cancer are desperately needed. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an important new treatment strategy for prostate cancer and for castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Multiple studies have identified the heparan sulfate proteoglycan-1 Glypican 1 (GPC-1) as being overexpressed in different cancers, and also as being a possible marker of poor prognosis in several solid tumor cancers. GPC-1 has been recently identified as a potential marker for prostate cancer. The MIL-38 monoclonal antibody detects GPC-1 and an IgG1 chimeric version of this antibody has been developed for preclinical studies. Here we sought to examine MIL-38 binding to a panel of prostate cancer cell lines and examine its feasibility as a novel immunotherapeutic agent targeting GPC-1 in prostate cancer Methods: Expression of GPC-1 in CRPC cell lines was examined by Flow cytometry and Western Blotting using MIL-38 as the detector antibody. The competency of GPC-1 as an immunotherapeutic target was assessed via chimeric MIL-38 induced Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC) using high affinity Natural Killer cells (haNKs) in vitro . Results: Flow cytometry and Western blot assessments of normal prostatic epithelial cells (i.e. RWPE-1) and cells from prostate cancer cell lines (i.e. PC-3, 22RV1, DU-145, VCaP, LNCaP, CWR-R1, and LAPC-4) revealed that only cancer cells expressed GPC-1. Enzalutamide resistant cell lines demonstrated higher expression of GPC-1 than their respective parental line. ADCC assays demonstrated enhanced haNK – prostate cancer cell cytotoxicity in the presence of chimeric MIL-38 anti-GPC-1 antibody, while the IgG1 isotype control had no effect. Conclusions: GPC-1 protein was expressed by most prostate cancer cell lines, including enhanced expression by enzalutamide resistant cells. Preliminary in vitro ADCC assay results revealed the potential utility of GPC-1 as an immunotherapeutic target in prostate cancer.
SiC-Based Gas Sensor Development (2000)

Silicon carbide based Schottky diode gas sensors are being developed for applications such as emission measurements and leak detection. The effects of the geometry of the tin oxide film in a Pd/SnO2/SiC structure will be discussed as well as improvements in packaging SiC-based sensors. It is concluded that there is considerable versatility in the formation of SiC-based Schottky diode gas sensing structures which will potentially allow the fabrication of a SiC-based gas sensor array for a variety of gases and temperatures.
Fast Connection Turn-Up with Path-Based Dummy Light (2018)

We examine a path-based dummy light scheme that supports fast optical channel reconfiguration operations, stabilizing EDFA behaviours without requiring ubiquitous deployment of dummy light sources. The latter property may be useful in network cost-reduction, evolution or element failure scenarios.
Design and Implementation of a Hybrid Single T-Type Double H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (STDH-MLI) Topology (2019)

Multilevel inverters are proficient in achieving a high-quality staircase output voltage waveform with a lower amount of harmonic content. In this paper, a new hybrid multilevel inverter topology based on the T-type and H-bridge module is presented. The proposed topology aims to achieve a higher number of levels utilizing a lower number of switches, direct current (dc) voltage sources, and voltage stresses across different switches. The basic unit of the proposed single T-type and double H-bridge multilevel inverter (STDH-MLI) produces 15 levels at the output using three dc voltage sources. The proposed topology can be extended by connecting a larger number of dc voltage sources in the T-type section. The nearest level control (NLC) switching technique is used to generate gate pulses for switches to achieve a high-quality output voltage waveform. In addition, a simplified way to achieve NLC is also described in the paper. A detailed comparison with other similar topologies is provided to set the benchmark of the proposed topology. Finally, experimental work is carried out to validate the performance of the proposed topology.
An intestinal mucin is the target substrate for a baculovirus enhancin (1997)

An invertebrate intestinal mucin (IIM) was identified from a lepidopterous insect, Trichoplusia ni. The IIM is a major protein constituent of the peritrophic membrane that facilitates the digestive process, as well as protecting invertebrate digestive tracts from microbial infections. The IIM demonstrated biochemical characteristics similar to vertebrate mucins, but exhibited strong association with the chitin-containing peritrophic membrane matrix. We have demonstrated that a baculovirus enhancin, which is encoded and carried by specific baculoviruses, has mucin-degrading activity both in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo degradation of IIM by enhancin was correlated with the enhancement of baculovirus infections in insects. These findings have shown that viruses have evolved a novel strategy to overcome intestinal mucinous barriers against microorganisms by utilizing a mucin-degrading enzyme.
Root analog zirconia implants: true anatomical design for molar replacement--a case report. (2012)

Replacement of lost teeth using oral implants is an accepted treatment modality with well-documented high long-term success rates. Conventional screw- or threaded cylinder-type implants have been used almost exclusively. Their incongruence with the extraction socket necessitates the use of a barrier membrane or bone augmentation to prevent down-growth of connective tissue or epithelium between the implant and socket. Although some minor changes in implant design have been made, the neck and abutment connection areas have not changed much in the past 30 years. Custom-made root analog implants have been employed clinically in rare instances; however, they yielded failure rates of up to 96% at 1 year of follow-up. So far, ovoid implants are the closest in design regarding resemblance to the natural tooth anatomy. Root analog zirconia implants with macroretentions were developed and produced for immediate single-stage replacement of missing or hopeless teeth. This article discusses the treatment and 3-year follow-up of a patient with such an implant for replacement of a maxillary molar.
Model-based Learning for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (2020)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that estimates magnetic susceptibility of tissue from Larmor frequency offset measurements. The generation of QSM requires solving a challenging ill-posed field-to-source inversion problem. Inaccurate field-to-source inversion often causes large susceptibility estimation errors that appear as streaking artifacts in the QSM, especially in massive hemorrhagic regions. Recently, several deep learning (DL) QSM techniques have been proposed and demonstrated impressive performance. Due to the inherent non-existent ground-truth QSM references, these DL techniques used either calculation of susceptibility through multiple orientation sampling (COSMOS) maps or synthetic data for network training. Therefore, they were constrained by the availability and accuracy of COSMOS maps, or suffered from performance drop when the training and testing domains were different. To address these limitations, we present a model-based DL method, denoted as uQSM. Without accessing to QSM labels, uQSM is trained using the well-established physical model. When evaluating on multi-orientation QSM datasets, uQSM achieves higher levels of quantitative accuracy compared to TKD, TV-FANSI, MEDI, and DIP approaches. When qualitatively evaluated on single-orientation datasets, uQSM outperforms other methods and reconstructed high quality QSM.
Systematic Mutagenesis of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Reveals an Essential Role in Nematode Resistance  (2017)

<i>Rhg4</i> is a major genetic locus that contributes to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistance in the Peking-type resistance of soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>), which also requires the <i>rhg1</i> gene. By map-based cloning and functional genomic approaches, we previously showed that the <i>Rhg4</i> gene encodes a predicted cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (GmSHMT08); however, the novel gain of function of <i>GmSHMT08</i> in SCN resistance remains to be characterized. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified an allelic series of <i>GmSHMT08</i> mutants that shed new light on the mechanistic aspects of <i>GmSHMT08</i>-mediated resistance. The new mutants provide compelling genetic evidence that Peking-type <i>rhg1</i> resistance in cv Forrest is fully dependent on the <i>GmSHMT08</i> gene and demonstrates that this resistance is mechanistically different from the PI 88788-type of resistance that only requires <i>rhg1</i> We also demonstrated that <i>rhg1-a</i> from cv Forrest, although required, does not exert selection pressure on the nematode to shift from HG type 7, which further validates the bigenic nature of this resistance. Mapping of the identified mutations onto the SHMT structural model uncovered key residues for structural stability, ligand binding, enzyme activity, and protein interactions, suggesting that GmSHMT08 has additional functions aside from its main enzymatic role in SCN resistance. Lastly, we demonstrate the functionality of the <i>GmSHMT08</i> SCN resistance gene in a transgenic soybean plant.
Energy and Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Porphyrin−Fullerene Dyads (1996)

Time-resolved fluorescence and absorption techniques have been used to investigate energy and photoinduced electron transfer in a covalently linked free-base porphyrin-fullerene dyad and its zinc analog. In toluene the porphyrin first excited singlet
HybridFS — A High Performance and Balanced File System Framework with Multiple Distributed File Systems (2017)

In the big data era, the distributed file system is getting more and more significant due to the characteristics of its scale-out capability, high availability, and high performance. Different distributed file systems may have different design goals. For example, some of them are designed to have good performance for small file operations, such as GlusterFS, while some of them are designed for large file operations, such as Hadoop distributed file system. With the divergence of big data applications, a distributed file system may provide good performance for some applications but fails for some other applications, that is, there has no universal distributed file system that can produce good performance for all applications. In this paper, we propose a hybrid file system framework, HybridFS, which can deliver satisfactory performance for all applications. HybridFS is composed of multiple distributed file systems with the integration of advantages of these distributed file systems. In HybridFS, on top of multiple distributed file systems, we have designed a metadata management server to perform three functions: file placement, partial metadata store, and dynamic file migration. The file placement is performed based on a decision tree. The partial metadata store is performed for files whose size is less than a few hundred Bytes to increase throughput. The dynamic file migration is performed to balance the storage usage of distributed file systems without throttling performance. We have implemented HybridFS in java on eight nodes and choose Ceph, HDFS, and GlusterFS as designated distributed file systems. The experimental results show that, in the best case, HybridFS can have up to 30% performance improvement of read/write operations over a single distributed file system. In addition, if the difference of storage usage among multiple distributed file systems is less than 40%, the performance of HybridFS is guaranteed, that is, no performance degradation.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate production in recombinant<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

The bacterial species Escherichia coli has proven to be a powerful tool in the molecular analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. In addition, E. coli holds promise as a source for economical PHA production. Using this microorganism, clones have been developed in our laboratory which direct the synthesis of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) to levels as high as 95% of the cell dry weight. These clones have been further enhanced by the addition of a genetically mediated lysis system that allows the PHB granules to be released gently and efficiently. This paper describes these developments, as well as the use of an E. coli strain to produce the copolymer poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB-co-3-).
Saframycin S, a new saframycin group antibiotic. (1981)

Saframycin S, structurally the decyano-saframycin A and biosynthetically the precursor of saframycin A, is a new antibiotic and is assumed to be the active principle for the formation of the antibiotic-DNA complex to manifest its activity. In the present study on the biological activity of saframycin S, the antibiotic showed a marked activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor with the doses of 0.5 to 0.75 mg/kg/day for 10 days, and the rate of 40-day survivors was 80 to 90%. However, this antibiotic was less effective against P388 leukemia than saframycin A at the doses tested. Saframycin S also showed the highest antimicrobial activity, in particular against gram-positive bacteria, among the saframycin group antibiotics identified to date. the LD50 of saframycin S was 3.2 mg/kg (i.p.) for ddY mice. The biological activity and toxicity of saframycin S in relation to its structure were described.
Abstract 13522: Annexin-A1 Bioactive Peptide Ameliorates Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (CSA-AKI) in Rats by Upregulating the Sirtuin6/FoxO3 Pathway (2015)

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and prognostically important complication of cardiac surgery. The complex multifactorial pathogenesis and lack of appropriate animal models to recapitulate the clinical insults leading to CSA-AKI have been implicated in the failure of multiple pharmacologic renoprotective strategies. We have reported anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects of a novel Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) tripeptide (Ac-QAW) in a rodent model of experimental cardiac surgery. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Ac-QAW attenuates CSA-AKI by upregulating Sirtuin6 and Forkhead box protein O3 (SIRT6/FoxO3), key players in stress resistance, cell survival, and life span. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 75 min of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with 45 min of cardioplegic arrest (CA). Animals were treated (iv) with 1 mg/kg Ac-QAW (n = 6), the commercially available ANXA1 peptide Ac2-26 (as a positive control; n = 5), or vehicle (n = 6) at 1 h before CPB, during CA, and 1 h after CPB. At 24 h post-reperfusion, renal levels of activated caspase-3, ANXA1, SIRT6, and FoxO3 were determined by Western blot; renal and plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined by ELISA. Results: At 24 hours post-reperfusion following CPB/CA, rats treated with Ac-QAW showed a) reduced renal caspase-3 activity (P < 0.05); b) decreased MPO in both blood and kidney; and c) increased renal levels of ANXA1 (P < 0.05), SIRT6, and FoxO3 (P < 0.01) (Figure). Conclusions: Using a clinically relevant animal model, we provide preliminary translatable evidence that administration of Ac-QAW attenuates CSA-AKI. This may result from action by Ac-QAW to 1) reduce inflammation by increasing inflammation-resolving molecule ANXA1; 2) inhibit neutrophil transmigration; and 3) promote pro-survival mechanisms by increasing SIRT6/FoxO3 expression. More Ac-QAW studies are needed to define its exact mechanism of action and its impact on long-term functional outcomes.
Incretin combination therapy for the treatment of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (2020)

GCGR and GIPR agonism provide additional, body weight-independent improvements on top of GLP-1R agonism in a murine model of manifest NASH with fibrosis.