gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carboxyl-terminal domain of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen is highly immunogenic in man. (1985)

The carboxyl-terminal one-third of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) encoded by the BamHI restriction fragment K was synthesized in Escherichia coli by use of a high-expression plasmid. The resultant 28-kDa EBNA fusion polypeptide, comprising 5-10% of the total soluble bacterial protein, was purified to apparent homogeneity by phosphocellulose and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Both rabbit monospecific antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibodies against 28-kDa EBNA gave nuclear immunofluorescence staining on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines and recognized the appropriate intact EBNA polypeptide bands on immunoblots. An ELISA with the purified 28-kDa EBNA as antigen was used to quantitate anti-EBNA antibody in human serum samples. The ELISA method was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than the classical anticomplement immunofluorescence assay. Anti-EBNA antibody was detected in sera from 100% of normal individuals who were seropositive for the viral capsid antigen, and low anti-EBNA titers were detected in serum from most patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. The assay gave the expected pattern of titers in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Burkitt lymphoma, or nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thus confirming the validity of this purified reagent for assessing EBNA antibody status. Approximately 10% of normal individuals and rheumatoid arthritis patients had anti-EBNA titers as high as those seen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. In these high-titer individuals, greater than 1% of the total IgG are antibodies that recognize 28-kDa EBNA, which indicates that the carboxyl-terminal domain of EBNA is highly immunogenic.
Wide-Area Measurement Based Dynamic Stochastic Optimal Power Flow Control for Smart Grids With High Variability and Uncertainty (2012)

To achieve a high penetration level of intermittent renewable energy, the operation and control of power systems need to account for the associated high variability and uncertainty. Power system stability and security need to be ensured dynamically as the system operating condition continuously changes. A wide-area measurement based dynamic stochastic optimal power flow (DSOPF) control algorithm using the adaptive critic designs (ACDs) is presented in this paper. The proposed DSOPF control replaces the traditional AGC and secondary voltage control, and provides a coordinated AC power flow control solution to the smart grid operation in an environment with high short-term uncertainty and variability. The ACD technique, specifically the dual heuristic dynamic programming (DHP), is used to provide nonlinear optimal control, where the control objective is explicitly formulated to incorporate power system economy, stability and security considerations. The proposed DSOPF controller dynamically drives the power system to its optimal operating point by continuously adjusting the steady-state set points sent by the traditional OPF algorithm. A 12-bus test power system is used to demonstrate the development and effectiveness of the proposed DSOPF controller.
High-dispersion metal-free reflective immersed diffraction gratings (2003)

Metal-free reflection gratings are sought after for high-power applications for which absorption can lead to catastrophic results. Reflection gratings composed solely of dielectric material have been fabricated for high-power applications by adding a reflective dielectric stack to a dielectric transmission grating.1, For an immersed grating, it has been shown2 that if the grating profile is shaped such that incident light reflecting off any facet of the surface is reflected via total internal reflection (TIR), then high-efficiency diffraction can be attained without a metallic coating. We describe a new class of diffraction gratings that utilize the broader phenomenon of total internal reflection to generate high efficiency reflective diffraction. This new TIR grating allows for the fabrication of immersed gratings without the use of metallic coatings or dielectric layers, and without restriction on grating profile.
Multiresolution Coding Using Amplitude and Phase Modulations for Holographic Data Storage (2011)

A new data coding method using both amplitude and phase modulations is proposed for increasing the coding rate in a holographic memory. The phase modulation code has a lower resolution than the conventional sparse block code used as the amplitude modulation code. The phase modulation code can add more than 1 bit to the amplitude modulation code. We show that the coding rate can be increased up to 0.78 from 0.67 in the 3:9 amplitude modulation code when the binary phase code is added. We also show that the bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio in the amplitude data are improved by adding the phase modulation code in speckle shift multiplexing. The histogram of the phase distribution is also separated well.
An experimental study on the pulse combustor. (Characteristics of the pulse combustion for designing) (1985)

Pulse combustors have been remarked recently because of high combustion intensity, enhanced heat transfer, low NOx emission and so on. However, the lack of systematic experimental and theoretical data leads to poor designing procedure with trial and error method for developing combustors. In this paper, the characteristics of the pulse combustor for designing are discussed. The following results have been obtained. (1) The effect of decoupler's volume and shape on pulse combustion stability have been cleared. (2) Operating frequency will increase with increasing burning velocity. (4) Gas input rate and excess air ratio has a linear relationship approximately.
A Deletion in the Bovine FANCI Gene Compromises Fertility by Causing Fetal Death and Brachyspina (2012)

Fertility is one of the most important traits in dairy cattle, and has been steadily declining over the last decades. We herein use state-of-the-art genomic tools, including high-throughput SNP genotyping and next-generation sequencing, to identify a 3.3 Kb deletion in the FANCI gene causing the brachyspina syndrome (BS), a rare recessive genetic defect in Holstein dairy cattle. We determine that despite the very low incidence of BS (<1/100,000), carrier frequency is as high as 7.4% in the Holstein breed. We demonstrate that this apparent discrepancy is likely due to the fact that a large proportion of homozygous mutant calves die during pregnancy. We postulate that several other embryonic lethals may segregate in livestock and significantly compromise fertility, and propose a genotype-driven screening strategy to detect the corresponding deleterious mutations.
Designing multichannel, multidimensional, arbitrary flip angle RF pulses using an optimal control approach (2008)

The vast majority of parallel transmission RF pulse designs so far are based on small-tip-angle (STA) approximation of the Bloch equation. These methods can design only excitation pulses with small flip angles (e.g., 30 degrees ). The linear class large-tip-angle (LCLTA) method is able to design large-tip-angle parallel transmission pulses through concatenating a sequence of small-excitation pulses when certain k-space trajectories are used. However, both STA and LCLTA are linear approximations of the nonlinear Bloch equation. Therefore, distortions from the ideal magnetization profiles due to the higher order terms can appear in the final magnetization profiles. This issue is addressed in this work by formulating the multidimensional multichannel RF pulse design as an optimal control problem with multiple controls based directly on the Bloch equation. Necessary conditions for the optimal solution are derived and a first-order gradient optimization algorithm is used to iteratively solve the optimal control problem, where an existing pulse is used as an initial "guess." A systematic design procedure is also presented. Bloch simulation and phantom experimental results using various parallel transmission pulses (excitation, inversion, and refocusing) are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the optimal control method in improving the spatial localization or homogeneity of the magnetization profiles.
Practical Data Location Obfuscation (2009)

Software running on an open architecture, such as the PC, is vulnerable to inspection and modification. This is a concern, as software may consist of or provide access to valuable information. As a result, several defenses against program understanding and modification have been proposed in literature. The approach discussed in this paper complements existing work and focuses on hiding the actual location of data throughout the execution of the program. To achieve this, we combine three techniques: (i) periodic reordering of the heap, (ii) migrating local variables from the stack to the heap and (iii) pointer scrambling. The techniques serve to complicate static data flow analysis and dynamic data tracking. Our prototype implementation compiles C programs into a binary for which every access to the heap is redirected through a memory management unit. In order to protect traditionally stack-based variables as well, a mechanism is provided to migrate them to the heap and to adapt all accesses to those variables. Finally, an option is provided to enable pointer scrambling. If this is turned on, the program can no longer operate directly on the pointers; therefore, pointer arithmetic is intercepted as well. Experimental evaluation on benchmarks from the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite illustrates the type of trade-off that needs to be made for this type of protection. Balance must be struck between comprehensive protection and cost in terms of execution time and (to a lesser extent) static and dynamic memory footprint.
A conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin elicits an enterotoxin-neutralizing antibody response in mice (1992)

A synthetic peptide homolog corresponding to the C-terminal 30 amino acids of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin (CPE) was conjugated to a thyroglobulin carrier and used to immunize mice. Conjugate-immunized mice produced antibodies which neutralized native CPE cytotoxicity, at least in part, by blocking enterotoxin binding. This peptide may be useful for the development of a vaccine to protect against CPE-mediated disease.
Composing hierarchical stochastic model from SysML for system availability analysis (2013)

Comprehensive analytic model for system availability analysis often confronts the largeness issue where a system designer cannot easily handle the model and the solution is not given in a feasible solution time. Hierarchical decomposition of a large state-space model gives a promising solution to the largeness issue when the model is decomposable. However, the decomposability of analytic model is not always manually tractable especially when the model is generated in an automated manner. In this paper, we propose an automated model composition technique from a system design to a hierarchical stochastic model which is the judicious combination of combinatorial and state-space models. In particular, from SysML-based system specifications, a top-level fault tree and associated stochastic reward nets are automatically generated in hierarchical manner. The obtained hierarchical stochastic model can be solved analytically considerably faster than monolithic state-space models. Through an illustrative example of three-tier web application system on a virtualized infrastructure, the accuracy and efficiency of the solution are evaluated in comparison to a monolithic state space model and a static fault tree.
Application of high-quality built-in test to industrial designs (2003)

This paper presents an approach for high-quality built-in test using a neighborhood pattern generator (NPG). The proposed NPG is practically acceptable because (a) its structure is independent of circuit under test, (b) it requires low area overhead and no performance degradation, and (c) it can encode deterministic test cubes, not only for stuck-at faults but also transition faults, with high probability. Experimental results for large industrial circuits illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Granular L1 FePt-B and FePt-B-Ag (001) thin films for heat assisted magnetic recording (2012)

A comparison was made of FePt-B and FePt-B-Ag thin films having different volume contents of boron, which were RF sputtered with in-situ heating at 425–575 °C onto Si substrates with 20 nm thick (002) MgO. By introducing boron into FePt and varying the sputtering conditions, films with grain sizes ranging from 2.5 to 10 nm were produced. The boron promoted columnar growth, but made ordering more difficult. However, by adding Ag into FePt-B, ordering improved while coercivity increased from 7 to 11 kOe with no significant impact on the microstructure. We obtained films with grain sizes down to 2.5 nm with center-to-center spacing of 3.1 nm. The reduced grain size, columnar microstructure and increase in ordering and coercivity by adding Ag into the FePt-B thin films are favorable for application in heat assisted magnetic recording.
RF Photonic Equalization Using Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (2018)

We present a wideband and arbitrarily reconfigurable photonic solution to RF equalization using the nonlinear optical phenomenon of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). In this work, we equalize an RF photonic downconverter with optical signal processing to achieve a gain flatness of over 500 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth.
Performance Evaluation of Multiterminal Backhaul Compression for Cloud\n Radio Access Networks (2013)

In cloud radio access networks (C-RANs), the baseband processing of the\navailable macro- or pico/femto-base stations (BSs) is migrated to control\nunits, each of which manages a subset of BS antennas. The centralized\ninformation processing at the control units enables effective interference\nmanagement. The main roadblock to the implementation of C-RANs hinges on the\neffective integration of the radio units, i.e., the BSs, with the backhaul\nnetwork. This work first reviews in a unified way recent results on the\napplication of advanced multiterminal, as opposed to standard point-to-point,\nbackhaul compression techniques. The gains provided by multiterminal backhaul\ncompression are then confirmed via extensive simulations based on standard\ncellular models. As an example, it is observed that multiterminal compression\nstrategies provide performance gains of more than 60% for both the uplink and\nthe downlink in terms of the cell-edge throughput.\n
Biomarker detection for disease diagnosis using cost-effective microfluidic platforms (2015)

Early and timely detection of disease biomarkers can prevent the spread of infectious diseases, and drastically decrease the death rate of people suffering from different diseases such as cancer and infectious diseases. Because conventional diagnostic methods have limited application in low-resource settings due to the use of bulky and expensive instrumentation, simple and low-cost point-of-care diagnostic devices for timely and early biomarker diagnosis is the need of the hour, especially in rural areas and developing nations. The microfluidics technology possesses remarkable features for simple, low-cost, and rapid disease diagnosis. There have been significant advances in the development of microfluidic platforms for biomarker detection of diseases. This article reviews recent advances in biomarker detection using cost-effective microfluidic devices for disease diagnosis, with the emphasis on infectious disease and cancer diagnosis in low-resource settings. This review first introduces different microfluidic platforms (e.g. polymer and paper-based microfluidics) used for disease diagnosis, with a brief description of their common fabrication techniques. Then, it highlights various detection strategies for disease biomarker detection using microfluidic platforms, including colorimetric, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and electrochemical detection. Finally, it discusses the current limitations of microfluidic devices for disease biomarker detection and future prospects.
Query Performance Prediction for Multifield Document Retrieval (2020)

The goal of the query performance prediction (QPP) task is to estimate retrieval effectiveness in the absence of relevance judgments. We consider a novel task of predicting the performance of multifield document retrieval. In this setting, documents are assumed to consist of several different textual descriptions (fields) on which the query is being evaluated. Overall, we study three predictor types. The first type applies a given basic QPP method directly on the retrieval's outcome. Building on the idea of reference-lists, the second type utilizes several pseudo-effective (PE) reference-lists. Each such list is retrieved by further evaluating the query over a specific (single) document field. The third predictor is built on the assumption that, a high agreement among the single-field PE reference-lists attests to a more effective retrieval. Using three different multifield document retrieval tasks we demonstrate the merits of our extended QPP methods. Specifically, we show the important role that the intrinsic agreement among the single-field PE reference-lists plays in this extended QPP task.
Improvement in daytime sleepiness with clarithromycin in patients with GABA-related hypersomnia: Clinical experience (2013)

The macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin can enhance central nervous system excitability, possibly by antagonism of GABA-A receptors. Enhancement of GABA signaling has recently been demonstrated in a significant proportion of patients with central nervous system hypersomnias, so we sought to determine whether clarithromycin might provide symptomatic benefit in these patients. We performed a retrospective review of all patients treated with clarithromycin for hypersomnia, in whom cerebrospinal fluid enhanced GABA-A receptor activity in vitro in excess of controls, excluding those with hypocretin deficiency or definite cataplexy. Subjective reports of benefit and objective measures of psychomotor vigilance were collected to assess clarithromycin's effects. Clinical and demographic characteristics were compared in responders and non-responders. In total, 53 patients (38 women, mean age 35.2 (SD 12.8 years)) were prescribed clarithromycin. Of these, 34 (64%) reported improvement in daytime sleepiness, while 10 (19%) did not tolerate its side effects, and nine (17%) found it tolerable but without symptomatic benefit. In those who reported subjective benefit, objective corroboration of improved vigilance was evident on the psychomotor vigilance task. Twenty patients (38%) elected to continue clarithromycin therapy. Clarithromycin responders were significantly younger than non-responders. Clarithromycin may be useful in the treatment of hypersomnia associated with enhancement of GABA-A receptor function. Further evaluation of this novel therapy is needed.
A high frame-rate and low-cost Elastography system by generating shear waves through continuous vibration of the ultrasound transducer (2015)

Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) utilizes the propagation of induced shear waves to characterize the shear modulus of soft tissue. Many methods rely on an acoustic radiation force (ARF) push beam to generate shear waves. However, specialized hardware is required to generate the push beams, and the thermal stress that is placed upon the ultrasound system, transducer, and tissue by the push beams currently limits the frame-rate to about 1 Hz. This paper presents Probe Oscillation Shear Elastography (PROSE) as an alternative method to measure tissue elasticity, by generating shear waves using a continuous mechanical vibration of an ultrasound transducer, while simultaneously detecting motion with the same transducer under pulse-echo mode. Motion of the transducer during detection produces a compression strain artifact that is coupled with the observed shear waves. A novel symmetric sampling scheme is proposed such that pulse-echo detection events are acquired when the ultrasound transducer returns to the same physical position, allowing the shear waves to be decoupled from the compression artifact. Full field-of-view (FOV) two-dimensional (2D) shear wave speed (SWS) images were obtained by applying a local frequency estimation (LFE) method, capable of generating a 2D map from a single frame of shear wave motion, allowing for an imaging frame rate comparable to the vibration frequency. PROSE was able to produce smooth and accurate shear wave images from three homogeneous phantoms with different moduli, with an effective frame rate of 300Hz. An inclusion phantom study showed that increased vibration frequencies improved the accuracy of inclusion imaging, and allowed targets as small as 6.5 mm to be resolved with good contrast (contrast-to-noise ratio ≥19 dB) between the target and background.
Toward Long Distance Tabletop Hand-Document Telepresence (2019)

In a telepresence scenario with remote users discussing a document, it can be difficult to follow which parts are being discussed. One way to address this is by showing the user's hand position on the document, which also enables expressive gestural communication. An important practical problem is how to capture and transmit the hand movements efficiently with high resolution document images. We propose a tabletop system with two channels that integrates document capture with a 4K video camera and hand tracking with a webcam, in which the document image and hand skeleton data are transmitted at different rates and handled by a lightweight Web browser client at remote sites. To enhance the rendering, we employ velocity based smoothing and ephemeral motion traces. We tested our prototype over long distances from USA to Japan and to Italy, and report on latency and jitter performance. Our system achieves relatively low latency over a long distance in comparison with a tele-immersive system that transmits mesh data over much shorter distances.
Slicing long-running queries (2010)

The ability to decompose a complex, long-running query into simpler queries that produce the same result is useful for many scenarios, such as admission control, resource management, fault tolerance, and load balancing. In this paper we propose query slicing as a novel mechanism to do such decomposition. We study different ways to extend a traditional query optimizer to enable query slicing and experimentally evaluate the benefits of each approach.
Design and testing of a high temperature superconducting current lead (1990)

The high critical temperature and low thermal conductivity of the ceramic superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O were utilized to reduce the Joule heating and the heat leak in a vapor-cooled current lead design of nominally 1-kA capacity. The lead consists of a lower superconducting part and an upper normal metal (copper) part. The superconducting part is an assembly of 20 rectangular bars fabricated from a composite of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Ag (15% vol.). This part is designed to operate below the critical temperature of the ceramic superconductor. The copper part, consisting of 20 copper wires, extends outside of the cryostat and interfaces to the room-temperature power supply. The lead was successfully tested in a liquid-helium cryostat for currents up to 2 kA. At the optimum operating currents of 1.7-1.8 kA, the helium boil-off measurements show heat leak reduction of approximately 40% from the conventional designs. Details of the design, fabrication issues, and the testing are presented.