gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic CAD of meniscal tears on MR imaging: a morphology-based approach (2007)

Knee-related injuries, including meniscal tears, are common in young athletes and require accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention. Although with proper technique and skill, confidence in the detection of meniscal tears should be high, this task continues to be a challenge for many inexperienced radiologists. The purpose of our study was to automate detection of meniscal tears of the knee using a computer-aided detection (CAD) algorithm. Automated segmentation of the sagittal T1-weighted MR imaging sequences of the knee in 28 patients with diagnoses of meniscal tears was performed using morphologic image processing in a 3-step process including cropping, thresholding, and application of morphological constraints. After meniscal segmentation, abnormal linear meniscal signal was extracted through a second thresholding process. The results of this process were validated by comparison with the interpretations of 2 board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists. The automated meniscal extraction algorithm process was able to successfully perform region of interest selection, thresholding, and object shape constraint tasks to produce a convex image isolating the menisci in more than 69% of the 28 cases. A high correlation was also noted between the CAD algorithm and human observer results in identification of complex meniscal tears. Our initial investigation indicates considerable promise for automatic detection of simple and complex meniscal tears of the knee using the CAD algorithm. This observation poses interesting possibilities for increasing radiologist productivity and confidence, improving patient outcomes, and applying more sophisticated CAD algorithms to orthopedic imaging tasks.
Speech articulator measurements using low power EM-wave sensors (1998)

Very low power electromagnetic (EM) wave sensors are being used to measure speech articulator motions as speech is produced. Glottal tissue oscillations, jaw, tongue, soft palate, and other organs have been measured. Previously, microwave imaging (e.g., using radar sensors) appears not to have been considered for such monitoring. Glottal tissue movements detected by radar sensors correlate well with those obtained by established laboratory techniques, and have used to estimate a voiced excitation function for speech processing applications. The noninvasive access, coupled with the small size, low power, and high resolution of these new sensors, permit promising research and development applications in speech production, communication disorders, speech recognition and related topics.
Chaotic Digital Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Communication Systems (1997)

In this paper, the structure, principle and framework of chaotic digital code-division multiple access ((CD) 2 MA) communication systems are presented. Unlike the existing CDMA systems, (CD) 2 MA systems use continuous pseudo-random time series to spread the spectrum of message signal and the spread signal is then directly sent through a channel to the receiver. In this sense, the carrier used in (CD) 2 MA is a continuous pseudo-random signal instead of a single tone as used in CDMA. We give the statistical properties of the noise-like carriers. In a (CD) 2 MA system, every mobile station has the same structure and parameters, only different initial conditions are assigned to different mobile stations. Instead of synchronizing two binary pseudo-random sequences as in CDMA systems, we use an impulsive control scheme to synchronize two chaotic systems in (CD) 2 MA. The simulation results show that the channel capacity of (CD) 2 MA is twice as large than that of CDMA.
Self-consistent calibration of photoluminescence and photoconductance lifetime measurements (2005)

An experimental method is introduced by which relative photoluminescence or photoconductance signals can be converted into an absolute excess carrier concentration. This method is demonstrated by comparison of self-consistently calibrated quasi-steady-state photoluminescence measurements with transient photoluminescence and with transient and quasi-steady-state photoconductance measurements on silicon samples. The method simplifies photoluminescence lifetime measurements and the recently introduced Suns-photoluminescence technique as it allows these techniques to be used in a self-contained way, without the previous requirement for a separate experimental technique for calibration. Important experimental observations regarding photoconductance lifetime measurements are also discussed.
An Algorithm for Accurate Detection and Correction of Technical and Nontechnical Losses Using Smart Metering (2020)

Power losses in electric distribution systems are categorized into technical losses (TL) and nontechnical losses (NTL). TL refer to the heat losses in the distribution system components. NTL, however, refer to losses that come in different shapes and forms, such as tampering with smart meters, attacking the data transmitted from smart meters, malfunctioning of smart meters, and tapping service cables. To accurately detect and correct NTL, it is essential to first estimate the TL. Estimating TL requires knowledge of the network topology and cable impedances, which might not be readily available for the concerned utility company. This article proposes an algorithm with the following functions: remotely characterizing and updating the cable impedances, detecting and classifying the type of losses, estimating the TL and NTL when a smart meter is in error, estimating these losses due to tapping a power cable by a registered or an unregistered user, and estimating these losses due to a cyber-attack. Both active and reactive powers are considered. The proposed algorithm deploys a modified version of the Hamming code, which is originally used in the detection and correction of errors in binary data transmission. Simulation results verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Reliable broadcast scheme initiated by receiver in ad hoc networks (2004)

In mobile ad hoc network, every link is wireless and every node is mobile. Those features make data lost easily as well as broadcasting inefficient and unreliable. Moreover, efficiency and reliability is conflicting with each other. Hence it is hard to achieve efficiency and reliability at the same time with just one scheme. In this paper, we present the scheme to improve the reliability and efficiency of the broadcast protocol in mobile ad hoc network. This scheme, unlike flooding which keeps reliability by sending excessive redundant packets, improves delivery rate with minimum overhead without degrading efficiency.
A New Approach to Essential Welding Variables in Girth Welding of High Strength Pipe Steels (2010)

In the narrow groove joints typically used for mechanized GMAW girth welding of high strength pipe, weldment properties are controlled by a large number of variables. The groove geometry, the bevel offset distance, the pass sequence and number of passes, the heat input per pass, the preheat and interpass temperatures, single vs. dual torch configuration, and the chemical composition of the consumable and the base pipe can all have an effect on the weldment properties. Determining the primary and secondary variables that control mechanical properties is a daunting task. Use of an integrated thermal-microstructural model has allowed virtual experiments to be conducted by varying the aforementioned welding variables to identify the primary and secondary drivers that control thermal behavior, microstructural evolution and ultimately weld and HAZ mechanical behavior. Outputs from this model have been used to correlate the essential process variables with weld hardness.
Prediction of Bioactive Compounds Using Computed NMR Chemical Shifts (2015)

NMR based chemical shifts are an important diagnostic parameter for structure elucidation as they capture rich information related to conformational, electronic and stereochemical arrangement of functional groups in a molecule which is responsible for its activity towards any biological target. The present work discusses the importance of computing NMR chemical shifts from molecular structures. The NMR chemical shift data (experimental or computed) was used to generate fingerprints in binary formats for mapping molecular fragments (as descriptors) and correlating with the bioactivity classes. For this study, chemical shift data derived binary fingerprints were computed for 149 classes and 4800 bioactive molecules. The sensitivity and selectivity of fingerprints in discriminating molecules belonging to different therapeutic categories was assessed using a LibSVM based classifier. An accuracy of 82% for proton and 94% for carbon NMR fingerprints were obtained for anti-psoriatic and anti-psychotic molecules demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach for virtual screening.
Gaseous trace analysis using pulsed photoacoustic Raman spectroscopy (1980)

A new method for trace analysis of gases, based on the pulsed photoacoustic Raman spectroscopy (PARS) technique, is described. The method has been applied to the analysis of mixtures of CH(4) in N(2), CO(2) in N(2), and N(2)O in N(2) at concentrations near 1 ppm. The apparatus used is described in some detail. Means of improving the method's sensitivity as well as sensitivity-limiting processes are evaluated. The analytical capabilities of this technique are compared with both direct (IR) absorption and other Raman techniques such as CARS and stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy (SRGS).
Quantifying Wettability Index Using NMR T2 Distributions of Water Phases Extracted with Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (2022)

Abstract The wettability of formation is a critically important factor for optimizing the hydrocarbon reservoir production. It is a complicated and challenging issue to quantify the wettability of rock at in-situ conditions. Because of its importance, various methods have been developed to quantify the rock wettability. However, each method has its strength and limitations. This paper presents a new wettability quantification method based on featured T2 distributions of water. We define a new wettability index to quantify the wettability using NMR T2 distributions of water in wetting and non-wetting phases. We apply the principal component analysis (PCA) method to determine the number of components of the T2 distributions inverted from NMR measurements at different pore pressures. The non-negative matrix factorization is conducted on the matrix of T2 distributions with the determined number of components. A window technique is applied to extract NMR T2 distributions of water in different phases to quantify the rock wettability with the newly defined wettability index. NMR measurements were conducted on sandstone samples of variant wettability to validate this proposed method. The samples were prepared at different saturation conditions that were achieved using core flooding techniques. The NMR measurements acquired at different saturated conditions of core plug samples were inverted to obtain T2 distributions, whose peak amplitudes and positions indicate sensitivities to saturations and wettability. The wettability indices for the flooded cores were computed in the new wettability quantification method and compared with those from the Amott-Harvey method. The validation and comparison results show that: Compared with the Amott-Harvey method, the newly defined wettability index can be used to more effectively quantify the altered wettability of a surfactant flooded coreThe PCA identifies that fluid displacement processes (water displacing oil or oil displacing water) result in the shape changes of the T2 distributions inverted from NMR T2 measurements for flooded core plug samples.The non-negative matrix factorization can be applied to extract the feature components of T2 distributions of a flooded core, which are related to the wettability of the core.The T2 distributions of the mobile waters in water-wet pores and oil-wet pores can be extracted from identified components of T2 distributions.
Novel III-N heterostructure devices for low-power logic and more (2016)

Future ultra-scaled logic and low-power systems require fundamental advances in semiconductor device technology. Due to power constraints, device concepts capable of achieving switching slopes (SS) steeper than 60 mV/decade are essential if scaling of conventional computational architectures is to continue. Likewise, ultra low power systems also benefit from devices capable of maintaining performance under low-voltage operation. Towards this end, tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) are one promising alternative. While much work has been devoted to realizing TFETs in Si, Ge, and narrow-gap III-V materials, the use of III-N heterostructures and the exploitation of polarization engineering offers some unique opportunities. From physics-based simulations, performance of GaN/InGaN/GaN heterostructure TFETs appear capable of delivering average SS approaching 20 mV/decade over 4 decades of drain current, and on-current densities exceeding 100 μA/μm in aggressively scaled nanowire configurations. Experimental progress towards realizing III-N based TFETs includes demonstration of GaN/InGaN/GaN backward tunnel diodes by both MOCVD and MBE, and nanowires grown selectively by MBE and used as the basis for device fabrication.
Efficient Solar‐Thermal Distillation Desalination Device by Light Absorptive Carbon Composite Porous Foam (2019)

Solar-thermal driven desalination based on porous carbon materials has promise for fresh water production. Exploration of high-efficiency solar desalination devices has not solved issues for practical application, namely complicated fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Here, direct solar-thermal carbon distillation (DS-CD) tubular devices are introduced that have a facile fabrication process, are scalable, and use an inexpensive but efficient microporous graphite foam coated with carbon nanoparticle and superhydrophobic materials. The "black" composite foam serving as a solar light absorber heats up salt water effectively to produce fresh water vapor, and the superhydrophobic surface of the foam traps the liquid feed in the device. Two proof-of-principle distillation systems are adopted, i.e., solar still and membrane distillation and the fabricated devices are evaluated for direct solar desalination efficiency. For the solar still, nanoparticle and fluorosilane coatings on the porous surface increase the solar energy absorbance, resulting in a solar-steam generation efficiency of 64% from simulated seawater at 1 sun. The membrane distillation demonstrates excellent vapor production (≈6.6 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) with >99.5% salt rejection under simulated 3 sun solar-thermal irradiation. Unlike traditional solar desalination, the adaptable DS-CD can easily be scaled up to larger systems such as high-temperature tubular modules, presenting a promising solution for solar-energy-driven desalination.
DSL Crosstalk Coefficient Acquisition Using SNR Feedback (2008)

Rapid acquisition of accurate crosstalk estimates is a core requirement for effective preceding in digital subscriber line (DSL) systems. It is shown that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) reports provided by customer premises equipment (CPE) can be used to perform this task by "tuning" the precoder, i.e., iterating alternate steps of estimation and precoder adaptation. Such an approach has the advantage that it can be applied to legacy CPEs. Estimation algorithms are designed using techniques from stochastic control.
Anti-inflammatory Activities of New Succinic and Maleic Derivatives from the Fruiting Body of Antrodia camphorata (2008)

Six new compounds, trans-3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (1), trans-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione (2), cis-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutyldihydrofuran-2,5-dione (3), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (4), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutylfuran-2,5-dione (5), and dimethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-isobutylmaleate (6), together with one known compound, 3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]furan-2,5-dione (7), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia camphorata. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data. To investigate the immunomodulatory potential of the compounds, RAW264.7 macrophage cells were treated with the compounds. Compound 1 significantly increased spontaneous TNF-alpha secretion from unstimulated RAW264.7 cells but suppressed IL-6 production [50% inhibition concentration value (IC50) = 10 microg/mL] in LPS-stimulated cells. Compounds 3, 4, and 6 also suppressed IL-6 production with IC50 values of 17, 18, and 25 microg/mL, respectively, suggesting that these four compounds may have an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophage-mediated responses. Of the six compounds, compound 1 was the most effective, exerting both immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
Real time motion analysis toward semantic understanding of video content (2005)

Video motion analysis and its applications have been a classic research topic for decades. In this paper, we explore the problem of real time video semantics understanding based on motion information. The work can be divided into two segments: global / camera motion estimation and object motion analysis. The former involves optical flow analysis and semantic meaning parsing, and the latter involves object detection and tracking. Although each of these topics has been studied extensively in the literature, a thorough system combining all of them without human intervention, especially under a real time application scenario, is still worthy of further investigation. In this paper we develop our approach toward such a destination and propose an integral architecture. The usability and efficiency of the proposed system have been demonstrated through experiments. Results of this project have numerous applications in digital entertainment, such as video and image summarization, annotation, retrieval and editing.
Development and characterization of a CNS-penetrant benzhydryl hydroxamic acid class IIa histone deacetylase inhibitor (2018)

We have identified a potent, cell permeable and CNS penetrant class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor 22, with >500-fold selectivity over class I HDACs (1,2,3) and ∼150-fold selectivity over HDAC8 and the class IIb HDAC6 isoform. Dose escalation pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that upon oral administration, compound 22 can reach exposure levels in mouse plasma, muscle and brain in excess of cellular class IIa HDAC IC<sub>50</sub> levels for ∼8 h. Given the interest in aberrant class IIa HDAC function for a number of neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, cardiac and oncology indications, compound 22 (also known as CHDI-390576) provides a selective and potent compound to query the role of class IIa HDAC biology, and the impact of class IIa catalytic site occupancy in vitro and in vivo.
Short wavelength magneto-optical recording in Co/Pt multilayer media (1992)

It is well established now that Co/Pt multilayers are new candidates for a magneto-optical recording medium. High signal-to-noise ratios are obtained, comparable to the commonly used rare-earth transition-metal (RE-TM) media. However, most of the recording experiments have been carried out at a wavelength of about 800 nm. One way to achieve a higher storage density is to reduce the wavelength of the laser, because shorter wavelengths enable smaller spot diameters, which in turn enable detection of smaller domains. Co/Pt multilayers show the advantageous property that the Kerr rotation almost doubles its value going from 800 to 400 nm, in contrast to most RE-TM alloys. However, little is yet known about the recording performance of Co/Pt at shorter wavelengths, also due to the lack of recorders operating at these wavelengths. In this paper we will present our results of a comparative study of the recording properties of both Co/Pt and GdTbFe media using three different magneto-optical test recorders; one with an AlGaAs diode laser emitting at 820 nm, one with a Krypton laser (647 nm) and one with an Argon laser (458 nm). The latter is depicted in Fig. 1.
Acoustic Measurement of the Mechanical Properties of Thin Material Specimens (1992)

An acoustic technique is presented which permits accurate measurement of the dynamic Poisson's ratio, and the Young's, shear, and bulk moduli for a specimen which exists as a thin (<10 mil) layer. This technique should prove especially useful in situations where a bulk specimen is either not readily available or would not properly reflect the properties of the material when configured as a thin layer. The report includes a detailed discussion of the theory underlying the technique. As a test, three materials which could be easily formed into both a thin specimen and a thick specimen were selected. The technique was then used to determine the Poisson's ratio and acoustic velocities of the material constituting each thin specimen. These values were then contrasted to those of the bulk specimens obtained in a more conventional manner. The technique, as presented, could be extended for a number of applications, including the cure monitoring of adhesives.
Central executive training for ADHD: Impact on organizational skills at home and school. A randomized controlled trial. (2023)

Results provide strong initial evidence that CET produces robust and lasting downstream improvements in school-based organizational skills for children with ADHD based on teacher report. These findings are generally consistent with model-driven predictions that ADHD-related organizational problems are secondary outcomes caused, at least in part, by underdeveloped working memory abilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Toward the Medical Application of Photoacoustic Imaging - Fusion of Ultrasound Imaging and Photoacoustic Imaging (2013)

Photoacoustic imaging is a novel imaging technique which can offer a high contrast tomographic image with ultrasound like resolution in depth of centimeters. Additionally, it has been studied well as functional imaging modality using absorption spectra. In this report, the evaluation results of technical potential were shown as a hybrid imaging which combined morphological image and functional image. Finally, I described research trend and future expectation about medical applications of photoacoustic imaging.
Purification and Characterization of an Endophytic Fungal Proteinase That Is Abundantly Expressed in the Infected Host Grass (1994)

A novel Acremonium typhinum proteinase that is expressed during endophytic infection of the grass Poa ampla Merr. was purified from endophyte-infected leaf sheath tissue. It is a thiol-containing serine alkaline endoproteinase with bound carbohydrate. In the infected host tissue, this proteinase is an abundant protein localized within fungal membrane vesicles and in the plant and/or fungal cell walls. This proteinase was not expressed constitutively during fungus culture. Rather, its expression appeared to be induced by nutrient depletion. Expression of an antigenically similar proteinase was detected in five other endophyte-infected Poa species. The regulated expression of the proteinase in culture and its abundance in infected plant tissue suggest that its expression may be involved in the symbiotic interaction of the plant and the fungus.