gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Singular Perturbation Method for Smart Building Temperature Control Using Occupant Feedback (2017)

Abstract In this work we propose a framework for incorporating occupant feedback towards temperature control of multi‐occupant spaces, and analyze it using singular perturbation theory. Such a system would typically have to accommodate occupants with different temperature preferences, and incorporate that with thermal correlation among multiple zones to obtain optimal control for minimization of occupant discomfort and energy cost. In current practice, an acceptable temperature set point for the occupancy level of the zone is estimated, and the control law is designed to maintain temperature at the corresponding set point irrespective of the changes in occupancy and the preferences of multiple occupants. Proposed algorithm incorporates active occupant feedback to minimize aggregate user discomfort and total energy cost. Occupant binary feedback in the form of hot/cold or thermal comfort preference input is used by the control algorithm. The control algorithm also takes the energy cost into account, trading it off optimally with the aggregate occupant discomfort. For convergence to the optimal, sufficient separation between the occupant feedback frequency and the temperature dynamics of system is necessary; in absence of which, the occupant feedback provided do not correctly reflect the effect of current control input value on occupant discomfort. Under sufficient time scale separation, using singular perturbation theory, we establish the stability condition of the system and show convergence of the proposed solution to the desired temperature that minimizes energy cost plus occupant discomfort. The occupants are only assumed to be rational in that they choose their own comfort range to minimize individual thermal discomfort. Optimization for a multi‐zone building also takes into account the thermal correlation among different zones. Simulation study with parameters based on our test facility, and experimental study conducted in the same building demonstrates performance of the algorithm under different occupancy and ambient conditions.
Nematogenic block copolymers via the yamazaki reaction (1982)

Abstract A novel extension of the Yamazaki reaction is used to prepare block copolymers having rigid blocks of poly‐( p ‐benzamide) (PBA) and semiflexible blocks of polyamide‐hydrazide. A PBA prepolymer having M ≅ 10,000 was synthesized by the usual Yamazaki reaction using triphenylphosphite. As previously reported, higher‐molecular‐weight PBA could be obtained using 4‐ N ‐(4′‐aminobenzamido)benzoic acid containing a preformed amide linkage. Addition of p ‐aminobenzhydrazide and terephthalic acid then led to formation of the polyamide‐hydrazide blocks using as the active reactant the diphenylphosphite formed as a by‐product in the first polymerization. Evidence that a block copolymer is produced includes an increase in inherent viscosity during the second step, differences in the solubility of the copolymer compared to the homopolymers, and comparison of the phase diagram of the block copolymer in N ‐methylpyrrolidone having 4% added LiCl with those of a random copolymer, and of mixtures of the two homopolymers. The critical concentration required to form a nematic phase in solutions of the block copolymers is correlated with the length (or axial ratio) of the rigid block, and with its proportion in the copolymer.
A collaborative search with query expansion and result re-ranking (2011)

Web Search Engines have become a resource pool for the people to gain information. They always aim at achieving the goal of delivering relevant information to the users. Due to the exponential growth of information and imprecise queries, Search engines could not meet the user's information requirements. Users have to reframe their queries until they get their desired information. Also results are not listed based on the users search context. Personalization is re-ordering of the search results that satisfies the needs of the user. This paper presents an approach to capture the user's preferences in order to provide query suggestions. Web search personalization using collaborative filtering adapts a generic search engine for the needs of a community of users. The main objective of this work is to improve the retrieval of information by expanding the user query and to rank the result list based on the users domain of interest.
New considerations in the design of clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of motor neurons. Its pathophysiology remains unknown, but progress has been made in understanding its genetic and biochemical basis. Clinical trialists are working to translate basic science successes into human trials with more efficiency, in the hope of finding successful treatments. In the future, new preclinical models, including patient-derived stem cells may augment transgenic animal models as preclinical tools. Biomarker discovery projects aim to identify markers of disease onset and progression for use in clinical trials. New trial designs are reducing study time, improving efficiency and helping to keep pace with the increasing rate of basic and translational discoveries. Ongoing trials with novel designs are paving the way for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical research.
Superior Capacitive Performance of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes in Ionic Liquids (2008)

Electrodes and electrolytes are two essential components of a supercapacitor and play important roles in determining the performance for the supercapacitor. In the present work, we investigated the electrochemical and capacitive behavior of aligned carbon nanotube electrodes in ionic liquid electrolytes to study the feasibility to develop high performance supercapacitors from these two components. Synthesis procedure of the carbon nanotubes and composition of the ionic liquids have been studied to achieve a high capacitance and fast charge/discharge process for the carbon nanotube electrode in the ionic liquid electrolyte.
Image-based computational quantification and visualization of genetic alterations and tumour heterogeneity (2016)

Recent large-scale genome analyses of human tissue samples have uncovered a high degree of genetic alterations and tumour heterogeneity in most tumour entities, independent of morphological phenotypes and histopathological characteristics. Assessment of genetic copy-number variation (CNV) and tumour heterogeneity by fluorescence in situ hybridization (ISH) provides additional tissue morphology at single-cell resolution, but it is labour intensive with limited throughput and high inter-observer variability. We present an integrative method combining bright-field dual-colour chromogenic and silver ISH assays with an image-based computational workflow (ISHProfiler), for accurate detection of molecular signals, high-throughput evaluation of CNV, expressive visualization of multi-level heterogeneity (cellular, inter- and intra-tumour heterogeneity), and objective quantification of heterogeneous genetic deletions (PTEN) and amplifications (19q12, HER2) in diverse human tumours (prostate, endometrial, ovarian and gastric), using various tissue sizes and different scanners, with unprecedented throughput and reproducibility.
Key Management in a Non-Trusted Distributed Environment (2015)

Despite the fact that the World Wide Web is an untrusted environment, increasing use is being made of this network (the Internet) in electronic commerce applications.To prevent attacks a strong security architecture is required.A fundamental part of such an architecture is a method for key management.This paper discusses the various components of cryptographic key management especially in relation to the World Wide Web environment.Issues and problems with key generation, key distribution and key storage are raised.An overview is presented of key management systems in several security architectures including SSL, Kerberos and Sesame.
Evidence for inactivation of cysteine proteases by reactive carbonyls via glycation of active site thiols (2006)

Hyperglycaemia, triose phosphate decomposition and oxidation reactions generate reactive aldehydes in vivo. These compounds react non-enzymatically with protein side chains and N-terminal amino groups to give adducts and cross-links, and hence modified proteins. Previous studies have shown that free or protein-bound carbonyls inactivate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with concomitant loss of thiol groups [Morgan, Dean and Davies (2002) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 403, 259-269]. It was therefore hypothesized that modification of lysosomal cysteine proteases (and the structurally related enzyme papain) by free and protein-bound carbonyls may modulate the activity of these components of the cellular proteolytic machinery responsible for the removal of modified proteins and thereby contribute to a decreased removal of modified proteins from cells. It is shown that MGX (methylglyoxal), GO (glyoxal) and glycolaldehyde, but not hydroxyacetone and glucose, inhibit catB (cathepsin B), catL (cathepsin L) and catS (cathepsin S) activity in macrophage cell lysates, in a concentration-dependent manner. Protein-bound carbonyls produced similar inhibition with both cell lysates and intact macrophage cells. Inhibition was also observed with papain, with this paralleled by loss of the active site cysteine residue and formation of the adduct species S-carboxymethylcysteine, from GO, in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of autolysis of papain by MGX, along with cross-link formation, was detected by SDS/PAGE. Treatment of papain and catS with the dialdehyde o-phthalaldehyde resulted in enzyme inactivation and an intra-molecular active site cysteine-lysine cross-link. These results demonstrate that reactive aldehydes inhibit cysteine proteases by modification of the active site cysteine residue. This process may contribute to the accumulation of modified proteins in tissues of people with diabetes and age-related pathologies, including atherosclerosis, cataract and Alzheimer's disease.
The Effectiveness of Arsenic Remediation from Groundwater in a Private Home (2010)

Private wells are the source of drinking water for approximately 15% of households in the United States, but these wells are not regulated or monitored by government agencies. The well waters can contain arsenic, a known carcinogen that occurs in groundwater throughout the nation at concentrations that can exceed the Maximum Contaminant Level defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (10 ppb). In order to reduce arsenic exposure, homeowners can either rely on bottled water for drinking or install in‐house water treatment systems for arsenic removal. Here, we document the arsenic levels associated with these options. We examined 24 different major bottled water brands and found that all have arsenic levels <1.5 parts per billion (ppb), and more than half have levels below our measurement detection limit of 0.005 ppb. For in‐house treatment systems, we examined the performance of arsenic removal by point‐of‐use reverse osmosis filtration, and by whole‐house and point‐of‐use filters containing granulated ferric oxide. Our results show that long‐term (2 years) filtration with granulated ferric oxide reduced arsenic in well water from an initial concentration of 4 to 9 ppb down to <0.005 ppb, validating this technology as an effective form of arsenic remediation for private homes.
Controlled Release of Tetracycline–HCl from Halloysite–Polymer Composite Films (2010)

The first direct comparison between two common methods for loading halloysite with a small molecule for controlled release is presented. While the methods differ in the degree of simplicity, they provide essentially the same level of loading and release kinetics. A tentative explanation of the "burst" effect often seen in the release of low molecular weight molecules from halloysite is provided. The ability of halloysite to mediate the release rate of a water soluble drug, tetracycline, from solution cast polyvinyl alcohol and polymethyl methacrylate films was evaluated. In some films, montmorillonite was also incorporated. The addition of montmorillonite to solutions used to cast tetracycline containing films significantly reduced the release rate from the dried films. The same overall effect was seen when the drug was loaded into halloysite prior to preparation of the films. In both cases, the release was best fit with the simple Higuchi model. However, when montmorillonite was added to solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and drug loaded halloysite the release profiles were better fit by the Ritgar-Peppas model for anomalous transport. Release from polymethyl methacrylate was reduced by a factor of three by incorporating the drug in halloysite prior to producing the films.
Cascaded Pyramid Network for Multi-person Pose Estimation (2018)

The topic of multi-person pose estimation has been largely improved recently, especially with the development of convolutional neural network. However, there still exist a lot of challenging cases, such as occluded keypoints, invisible keypoints and complex background, which cannot be well addressed. In this paper, we present a novel network structure called Cascaded Pyramid Network (CPN) which targets to relieve the problem from these "hard" keypoints. More specifically, our algorithm includes two stages: GlobalNet and RefineNet. GlobalNet is a feature pyramid network which can successfully localize the "simple" keypoints like eyes and hands but may fail to precisely recognize the occluded or invisible keypoints. Our RefineNet tries explicitly handling the "hard" keypoints by integrating all levels of feature representations from the GlobalNet together with an online hard keypoint mining loss. In general, to address the multi-person pose estimation problem, a top-down pipeline is adopted to first generate a set of human bounding boxes based on a detector, followed by our CPN for keypoint localization in each human bounding box. Based on the proposed algorithm, we achieve state-of-art results on the COCO keypoint benchmark, with average precision at 73.0 on the COCO test-dev dataset and 72.1 on the COCO test-challenge dataset, which is a 19% relative improvement compared with 60.5 from the COCO 2016 keypoint challenge. Code1 and the detection results for person used will be publicly available for further research.
Hierarchical semantic associative video model (2003)

Video data model is the most important issue in designing a video database system. This paper proposes a hierarchical semantic associative model. It describes video information in three levels: Hierarchical concept tree, scene network and semantic object net. The concept tree can be constructed under different applications, it assists to determine what objects are to be extracted. Time information of video is represented by the scene network which provides rough description of video information. The contents of video shots are represented by semantic objects and their relationships. Through semantic relations among objects which are in different shots, this model can express the semantic correlations between shots. We can retrieve video by time information and other semantic information. This paper also develops algorithms to process different types of video queries: temporal query, similar query, query by prototype.
Automatic detection of closed tumor contours in medical ultrasound images on the basis of level-dependent spatial summation (2002)

The development of a tumor may be monitored over a period of time on the basis of its contours in a series of B-mode ultrasound images. However, contour detection is hampered by specific noise and is therefore often performed manually. This paper proposes a new approach to the automatic estimation of closed contours of hypoechoic and hyperechoic tumors. First, local averaging of gray level information in the image is performed by Level-Dependent Spatial Summation. The filtered image exhibits reduced speckle contrast while the edges of macro structures are sufficiently well preserved to allow automatic contour detection. Second, an optimum threshold is automatically selected to segment the filtered image in "tumor" and "background". Using the resulting binary image, the tumor contour is estimated as the collection of tumor pixels that touch the background. Encouraging results are presented of the automatic detection of the contour of a hypoechoic breast tumor.
The DBG message understanding system (2003)

The DBG (Data Base Generator) message understanding system takes as input the text of military messages of various types and produces as output a representation of the content of the messages in the form of instantiated templates, which are frame structures specifying the properties of entities and events in particular domains. These structures can then be used to generate sets of data elements for specific downstream applications, such as automated knowledge base/database update from text. The authors summarize current capabilities and distinctive features of the system and describe the results of a test involving the generation of data vectors for a space situation assessment expert system from the text of space event messages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is a target for covalent adduct formation with the acyl glucuronide metabolite of the anti-inflammatory drug Zomepirac (1999)

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug zomepirac (ZP) is metabolised to a chemically reactive acyl glucuronide conjugate (ZAG) which can form covalent adducts with proteins. In vivo, such adducts could initiate immune or toxic responses. In rats given ZP, the major band detected in liver homogenates by immunoblotting with a polyclonal ZP antiserum was at 110 kDa. This adduct was identified as ZP-modified dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) by immunoblotting using the polyclonal ZP antiserum and monoclonal DPP IV antibodies OX-61 and 236.3. In vitro, ZAG, but not ZP itself, covalently modified recombinant human and rat DPP IV. Both monoclonal antibodies recognized DPP IV in livers from ZP- and vehicle-dosed rats. Confirmation that the 110 kDa bands which were immunoreactive with the ZP and DPP IV antibodies represented the same molecule was obtained from a rat liver extract reciprocally immunodepleted of antigens reactive with these two antibodies. Furthermore, immunoprecipitations with OX-61 antibody followed by immunolotting with ZP antiserum, and the reciprocal experiment, showed that both these antibodies recognised the same 110 kDa molecule in extracts of ZP-dosed rat liver. The results verify that DPP IV is one of the protein targets for covalent modification during hepatic transport and biliary excretion of ZAG in rats.
A Dual-Adsorbent Preconcentrator for a Portable Indoor-VOC Microsensor System (2001)

The development and testing of a miniature dual-adsorbent preconcentrator for a microsensor-based analytical system designed to determine complex volatile organic chemical (VOC) mixtures encountered in indoor working environments at low part-per-billion levels is described. Candidate adsorbents were screened for thermal-desorption bandwidth and breakthrough volume against 20 volatile organic vapors and subsets thereof as a function of several relevant variables. A glass capillary (1.1 mm i.d.) packed with 3.4 mg of Carbopack X and 1.2 mg of Carboxen 1000 provides sufficient capacity for a 1-L dry-air sample containing all 20 vapors at concentrations of 100 ppb as well as providing a composite half-height peak width of <3 s at a desorption temperature of 300 degrees C and a flow rate of 4 mL/min. Required adsorbent masses increase to 7.0 and 1.5 mg, respectively, for the same mixture at component concentrations of 1 ppm. Vapor breakthrough volumes for the Carbopack X are unaffected by humidity from 0 to 100%RH, but those for the Carboxen 1000 are significantly reduced, requiring an additional 0.9 mg of the latter to avoid premature breakthrough at the 100 ppb level. Good peak shapes, efficient chromatographic separation of preconcentrated sample mixture components, and detection limits in the low-parts-per-billion range using an integrated surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) sensor are achieved. Preconcentrator design and operating parameters are considered in terms of the vapor bed-residence times and breakthrough volumes in the context of the modified Wheeler equation.
A complete solution to the harmonic elimination problem (2003)

The problem of eliminating harmonics in a switching converter is considered. That is, given a desired fundamental output voltage, the problem is to find the switching times (angles) that produce the fundamental while not generating specifically chosen harmonics. In contrast to the well known work of Patel and Hoft (1973, 1974) and others, here all possible solutions to the problem are found. This is done by first converting the transcendental equations that specify the harmonic elimination problem into an equivalent set of polynomial equations. Then, using the mathematical theory of resultants, all solutions to this equivalent problem can be found. In particular, it is shown that there are new solutions that have not been previously reported in the literature. The complete solutions for both unipolar and bipolar switching patterns to eliminate the 5th and 7th harmonics are given. Finally, the unipolar case is again considered where the 5th 7th, 11th, and 13th harmonics are eliminated along with corroborative experimental results.
A 3D Fibrous Scaffold Inducing Tumoroids: A Platform for Anticancer Drug Development (2013)

The development of a suitable three dimensional (3D) culture system for anticancer drug development remains an unmet need. Despite progress, a simple, rapid, scalable and inexpensive 3D-tumor model that recapitulates in vivo tumorigenesis is lacking. Herein, we report on the development and characterization of a 3D nanofibrous scaffold produced by electrospinning a mixture of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and a block copolymer of polylactic acid (PLA) and mono-methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) designated as 3P. Cancer cells cultured on the 3P scaffold formed tight irregular aggregates similar to in vivo tumors, referred to as tumoroids that depended on the topography and net charge of the scaffold. 3P scaffolds induced tumor cells to undergo the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as demonstrated by up-regulation of vimentin and loss of E-cadherin expression. 3P tumoroids showed higher resistance to anticancer drugs than the same tumor cells grown as monolayers. Inhibition of ERK and PI3K signal pathways prevented EMT and reduced tumoroid formation, diameter and number. Fine needle aspirates, collected from tumor cells implanted in mice when cultured on 3P scaffolds formed tumoroids, but showed decreased sensitivity to anticancer drugs, compared to tumoroids formed by direct seeding. These results show that 3P scaffolds provide an excellent platform for producing tumoroids from tumor cell lines and from biopsies and that the platform can be used to culture patient biopsies, test for anticancer compounds and tailor a personalized cancer treatment.
Construction Techniques for Anti-Pasch Steiner Triple Systems (2000)

Four methods for constructing anti-Pasch Steiner triple systems are developed. The first generalises a construction of Stinson and Wei to obtain a general singular direct product construction. The second generalises the Bose construction. The third employs a construction due to Lu. The fourth employs Wilson-type inflation techniques using Latin squares having no subsquares of order 2. As a consequence of these constructions we are able to produce anti-Pasch systems of order v for v 31 or 7 (mod 18), for v ≡ 49 (mod 72), and for many other values of v.