gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antineoplastic Agents. 454. Synthesis of the Strong Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitors <i>trans</i>-Dihydronarciclasine and 7-Deoxy-<i>trans</i>-dihydronarciclasine (2009)

To further pursue the antineoplastic leads offered by our isolation of trans-dihydronarciclasine (1a) and 7-deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine (1c) from two medicinal plant species of the Amaryllidaceae family, a practical palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation procedure was developed for the synthesis of these isocarbostyrils from narciclasine (2a) and 7-deoxynarciclasine (2c).
The porous burner - concept, technique, and fields of application; Der Porenbrenner - Konzept, Technik und Anwendungsgebiete (1997)

In its efforts to optimize combustion processes, the Institute of Fluid Dynamics in Erlangen (LSTM-Erlangen) has succeeded in developing the technology of combustion in a porous medium. This novel technique stands out for its advantages that no other modern burner technology can show so far. These advantages can be summarized by an extremely high, infinitely variable power dynamic range combined with minimum waste gas emissions and a very compact size. The concept of porous burner technology is briefly described in the present article. Starting with general principles, the basic design as well as the structures and the properties of materials that are suitable for the combustion in porous media are described. Additionally, some important fields of application for this novel technology are outlined including a precompetitive latent heat gas boiler. Moreover, first studies showing the possibility of applying the porous burner technology in gas turbine furnaces or as radiation burners, respectively, were performed. (orig.) [Deutsch] Im Zuge der Optimierung von Verbrennungsprozessen gelang am LSTM-Erlangen die Entwicklung der neuartigen Porenbrennertechnologie, die sich durch Vorteile auszeichnet, welche derart zur Zeit keine andere moderne Brennertechnologie aufweist. Diese Vorteile koennen mit einer aeusserst kompakten Bauweise und einer extrem hohen, stufenlosen Leistungsdynamik bei gleichzeitig minimaler Schadstoffemission charakterisiert werden. Das Konzept der Porenbrennertechnik wird in dem vorliegenden Artikel kurz vorgestellt. Ausgehend von allgemeinen Grundlagen werden neben den konstruktiven Grundueberlegungen und den Arten und Eigenschaften poroeser Strukturen, die sich fuer die Verbrennung in poroesen Medien eignen, einige wichtige Anwendungsgebiete dieser neuartigen Technologie dargestellt. Im Bereich der Haushaltstechnik wird ein vorwettbewerblicher Brennwert-Gas-Wassererhitzer vorgestellt, der auf dem Porenbrennerkonzept basiert. Ebenso werden erste Arbeiten ueber die Nutzung der Porenbrennertechnik in Gasturbinenbrennkammern oder als Strahlungsbrenner vorgestellt. (orig.)
Abstract 326: MicroRNA-30c Reduces Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Lipid Synthesis and Lipoprotein Secretion (2012)

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for various cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Overproduction of lipoproteins, a process critically dependent on microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), can contribute to hyperlipidemia. We show that microRNA-30c (miR-30c) interacts with the 3’-untranslated region of the MTP mRNA and induces degradation leading to reductions in apolipoprotein B secretion in cells. Further, miR-30c reduces hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in Western diet fed mice by decreasing lipid biosynthesis as well as assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich apoB-containing lipoproteins without increasing either hepatic lipids or plasma transaminases. Therefore, miR-30c coordinately reduces lipid biosynthesis and lipoprotein secretion to control cellular and plasma lipid levels and might be useful in treating hyperlipidemia and associated disorders.
Bidirectional Contrast agent leakage correction of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI improves cerebral blood volume estimation and survival prediction in recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab (2016)

Accounting for T<sub>1</sub> and T2* leakage contamination in DSC-MRI using a two-compartment, bidirectional rather than unidirectional exchange model might improve post-bevacizumab survival stratification in patients with recurrent GBM. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1229-1237.
Multiparameter inversion for acoustic and elastic media (1989)

Inversion and imaging of an acoustic two-parameter medium and for a three-parameter isotropic elastic medium from seismic data are discussed. The inverse problem is linearized by considering the actual medium as a perturbation from a known background model. By using the single-scattering approximation, integral equations relating the singly scattered field linearly to the unknown parameters are obtained. Asymptotic solutions of the linearized inverse problem are derived using the generalized Radon transform. This method is closely related to methods of seismic migration. Spatially varying background parameters and an almost arbitrary source-receiver configuration are allowed. The computation is performed in the time domain. All available data are used even if redundant. Combinations of the parameters which can be reconstructed best and worst are identified. The data may be read just once and in an arbitrary order.
Equipment and Strategies for Signal Quality Monitoring for Digital Television Transmission Networks (1999)

This paper identifies the problems of objective assessment of signal quality on digital TV networks. It aims also to present equipment for automatic audio and video quality assessment designed in the Quovadis project. Monitoring of signals on digital TV networks sets specific technical constraints that have to be taken into account.
Stable Color Center Laser in K-doped NaCl Tunable from 1.48 μm to 1.76 μm (1985)

We have obtained cw operation of a color center laser based on what we have tentatively identified as the ( F 2 + ) A defect in additively-colored potassium-doped NaCl. The laser tunes smoothly from 1.46 to 1.76 μm when pumped with a cw Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.06 μm. To date the best cw power obtained from the laser has been 210 mW. Operation for periods up to 10 hours has been monitored with no observable fading or decrease in output power. Similar to lasers utilizing other known ( F 2 + ) A centers,1,2 the laser crystal must be exposed to an auxiliary light during laser operation to continually reionize the ( F 2 + ) A centers. The 365 nm line of a Hg arc lamp is a convenient source of this auxiliary light. Once additively colored, the crystals may be stored at room temperature with no degradation.
A novel adaptive bandwidth allocation: wavelet-decomposed signal energy approach (2002)

Traffic measurements are key in the development of robust resource management and scheduling algorithms. Bandwidth allocation methods are either static or they adaptively change the bandwidth assigned to applications. Adaptive algorithms predict the near future behavior of traffic based on average queue size and utilization information to update the allocated bandwidth. This work introduces a novel feedback mechanism that uses wavelets and measures the energy of a byte counting process at the output of each dyadic subband filter. The output is then used to predict short and long term fluctuations in the incoming traffic pattern and to readjust the bandwidth allocation accordingly.
Adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to anionic sites on the surface of renal epithelial cells (1996)

Adhesion of microcrystals to the apical surface of renal tubular cells could be a critical step in the formation of kidney stones. The role of membrane surface charge as a determinant of the interaction between renal epithelial cells (BSC-1 line) and the most common crystal in kidney stones, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), was studied in a tissue culture model system. Adhesion of COM crystals to cells was blocked by cationized ferritin. Other cations that bind to cells including cetylpyridinium chloride and polylysine, as well as cationic dyes such as Alcian blue, also inhibited adhesion of COM crystals, but not all polycations shared this effect. Specific lectins including Triticum vulgaris (wheat germ agglutinin) blocked crystal binding to the cells. Furthermore, treatment of cells with neuraminidase inhibited binding of crystals. Therefore, anionic cell surface sialic acid residues appear to function as COM crystal receptors that can be blocked by specific cations or lectins. In vivo, alterations in the structure, function, quantity, or availability of these anionic cell surface molecules could lead to crystal retention and formation of renal calculi.
Discovery of allelic variants of HOXA1 and HOXB1: Genetic susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders (2000)

Background Family studies have demonstrated that the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a major genetic etiologic component, but expression and penetrance of the phenotype are variable. Mice with null mutations of Hoxa1 or Hoxb1, two genes critical to hindbrain development, have phenotypic features frequently observed in autism, but no naturally occurring variants of either gene have been identified in mammals. Methods By sequencing regions of genomic DNA of patients with autism spectrum disorders, we detected a substitution variant at HOXA1 and an insertion variant at HOXB1, both in coding regions of the genes. Fifty-seven individuals ascertained for a diagnosis of an ASD, along with 166 of their relatives, were typed for these variants. Two non-ASD populations were typed, and the frequency of the newly identified alleles was determined in all groups. The genotypes of the ASD families were tested for conformation to Hardy-Weinberg proportions and Mendelian expectations for gene transmission. Results The frequency of the variants was 10–25% in persons of European or African origin. In the ASD families, there was a significant deviation from the HOXA1 genotype ratios expected from Hardy-Weinberg proportions (P = 0.005). Among affected offspring, a significant deviation from Mendelian expectation in gene transmission (P = 0.011) was observed. No statistically significant effects were detected when the same analyses were applied to the HOXB1 locus, but there was evidence of an interaction between HOXA1, HOXB1, and gender in susceptibility to ASDs. Conclusions The results support a role for HOXA1 in susceptibility to autism, and add to the existing body of evidence implicating early brain stem injury in the etiology of ASDs. Teratology 62:393–405, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A new design of membraneless microbial fuel cell: Anode and cathode share the same self-stratified electrolyte of urine (2015)

<p>Regardless of architecture, microbial fuel cell technology requires a plurality of units to achieve exploitable electrical power. This implies that each unit needs a simple design allowing the production of the needed multiplicity. Here, we present a novel design of two membraneless MFC stacks in which the anode and cathode share the same electrolyte. This design relies on the self-stratification of a liquid under the natural activity of the microbial consortia thriving in the system. Results showed that individual stacks reached a power density of ∼20 W.m<sup>3</sup> at 390 mV under 40 Ω. Oxygen concentration showed that the oxycline was at 0.25-0.5 cm depth (total depth of 7.5 cm). Hence, oxygen was not the dominant electron acceptor in the liquid phase. In conclusion, this simple design of microbial fuel cell demonstrated that high power density was reached even if the anode and cathode shared the same electrolyte.</p>
Innovative Tools and Technology for Analysis of Single Cells and Cell–Cell Interaction (2016)

Heterogeneity in single-cell responses and intercellular interactions results from complex regulation of cell-intrinsic and environmental factors. Single-cell analysis allows not only detection of individual cellular characteristics but also correlation of genetic content with phenotypic traits in the same cell. Technological advances in micro- and nanofabrication have benefited single-cell analysis by allowing precise control of the localized microenvironment, cell manipulation, and sensitive detection capabilities. Additionally, microscale techniques permit rapid, high-throughput, multiparametric screening that has become essential for -omics research. This review highlights innovative applications of microscale platforms in genetic, proteomic, and metabolic detection in single cells; cell sorting strategies; and heterotypic cell-cell interaction. We discuss key design aspects of single-cell localization and isolation in microfluidic systems, dynamic and endpoint analyses, and approaches that integrate highly multiplexed detection of various intracellular species.
Gravimetric monitoring of gas production from the Troll field (2004)

Three surveys of relative gravity and depth measurements have been carried out over the Troll field during gas production. Due to several improvements in the methodology, precision (intra‐survey repeatability measured as standard deviation) has improved from 26 μGal to 11 μGal and 4 μGal in the latest survey. This will improve the reliability of future monitoring, and also opens the range of applications to smaller and deeper fields. There is no clear subsidence of the seafloor. The estimated average depth change above the reservoir is 0.5 to 0.8 cm, but this is not statistically significant. Time‐lapse gravity results show a change, significant at the 80 % confidence level, which is likely due to water influx into the reservoir. The result is in agreement with model expectations, and with time‐lapse seismic and well log observations. It demonstrates that the method is useful for constraining dynamic models.
Human performance regression testing (2013)

As software systems evolve, new interface features such as keyboard shortcuts and toolbars are introduced. While it is common to regression test the new features for functional correctness, there has been less focus on systematic regression testing for usability, due to the effort and time involved in human studies. Cognitive modeling tools such as CogTool provide some help by computing predictions of user performance, but they still require manual effort to describe the user interface and tasks, limiting regression testing efforts. In recent work, we developed CogTool Helper to reduce the effort required to generate human performance models of existing systems. We build on this work by providing task specific test case generation and present our vision for human performance regression testing (HPRT) that generates large numbers of test cases and evaluates a range of human performance predictions for the same task. We examine the feasibility of HPRT on four tasks in LibreOffice, find several regressions, and then discuss how a project team could use this information. We also illustrate that we can increase efficiency with sampling by leveraging an inference algorithm. Samples that take approximately 50% of the runtime lose at most 10% of the performance predictions.
Analysis of the axial transmission technique for the assessment of skeletal status (2000)

Ultrasonic wave propagation in human cortical bone has been investigated in vitro using the so-called axial transmission technique. This technique, which relies on velocity measurement of the first arriving signal, has been used in earlier investigations to study bone status during fracture healing or osteoporosis. Two quasi-point-source elements, one transmitter and one receiver (central frequency 0.5 MHz), were used to generate a wide ultrasonic beam, part of which strikes the sample surface at the longitudinal critical angle, and to receive the signals reflected from the sample surface. The analysis of the field reflected from a fluid-solid interface for an incident spherical wave predicts the existence of a lateral wave propagating along the sample surface at a velocity close to the longitudinal velocity, in addition to the ordinary reflected wave and vibration modes. The transducer-sample and the transmitter-receiver distances were chosen such that the lateral wave is the first arriving signal. Validation of the measuring technique was performed on test materials and was followed by experiments on human cortical bones. Experimental results (arrival time and velocity) strongly suggest that the first detected signal corresponds to the lateral wave predicted by theory.
Magnetic axial field measurements on a high resolution miniature scanning electron microscope (2000)

This article presents magnetic axial field measurements for a high resolution miniature scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results correlate well with simulation predictions. The SEM has a total height of less than 55 mm. Based upon measured axial field distributions, the on-axis spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients for a 1 keV primary beam are predicted to be 0.36 and 0.6 mm, respectively, for a working distance of 7.5 mm. These aberrations are an order of magnitude smaller than those for conventional SEMs with comparable working distance conditions. The SEM design uses an in-specimen chamber permanent magnet objective lens that lies outside vacuum and can easily be replaced.
A Prognostic Sensor for Voltage Regulated Switch-Mode Power Supplies (2007)

This paper outlines a non-invasive method for the detection of failure precursors for optical isolators used in switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). The method relies on the transfer characteristics of the closed loop operation of the power supply circuit to evaluate gain, rather than direct measurement of current at the isolator terminals. With voltage regulation, a power supply will continue to operate within specifications well beyond the onset of opto-isolator wear, but then fail suddenly when the damage accumulation reaches a threshold. We show that it is possible to detect the onset of degradation of the isolator before performance is adversely affected, and track the progression of a fault to provide greater lead time for field replacement. The method presented is simple to implement on many commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) supplies, and offers the advantage of longer maintenance cycles at lower cost. We show how this method can improve the accuracy of remaining useful life (RUL) prediction, reduce the occurrence of No Trouble Found (NTF), and improve manufacturing of highly reliable SMPS.
Set Containment Joins: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (2000)

Efficient support for set-valued attributes is likely to grow in importance as object-relational database systems, which either support set-valued attributes or propose to do so soon, begin to replace their purely relational predecessors. One of the most interesting and challenging operations on set-valued attributes is the set containment join, because it provides a concise and elegant way to express otherwise complex queries. Unfortunately, evaluating these joins is difficult, and naive approaches lead to algorithms that are very expensive. In this paper, we develop a new partition based algorithm for set containment joins: the Partitioning Set Join Algorithm (PSJ), which uses a replicating multi-level partitioning scheme based on a combination of set elements and signatures. We present a detailed performance study with a complete implementation in the Paradise object-relational database system. Our results show that PSJ outperforms previously proposed set join algorithms over a wide range of data sets.
pH Tunable and Divalent Metal Ion Tolerant Polymer Lipid Nanodiscs (2017)

The development and applications of detergent-free membrane mimetics have been the focus for the high-resolution structural and functional studies on membrane proteins. The introduction of lipid nanodiscs has attracted new attention toward the structural biology of membrane proteins and also enabled biomedical applications. Lipid nanodiscs provide a native lipid bilayer environment similar to the cell membrane surrounded by a belt made up of proteins or peptides. Recent studies have shown that the hydrolyzed form of styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) has the ability to form lipid nanodiscs and has several advantages over protein or peptide based nanodiscs. SMA polymer lipid nanodiscs have become very important for structural biology and nanobiotechnological applications. However, applications of the presently available polymer nanodiscs are limited by their instability toward divalent metal ions and acidic conditions. To overcome the limitations of SMA nanodiscs and to broaden the potential applications of polymer nanodiscs, the present study investigates the tunability of SMA polymer nanodiscs by systematically modifying the maleic acid functional group. The two newly developed polymers and subsequent lipid nanodiscs were characterized using solid-state NMR, FT-IR, TEM, and DLS experiments. The pH dependence and metal ion stability of these nanodiscs were studied using static light scattering and FTIR. The reported polymer nanodiscs exhibit unique pH dependent stability based on the modified functional group and show a high tolerance toward divalent metal ions. We also show these tunable nanodiscs can be used to encapsulate and stabilize a polyphenolic natural product curcumin.
IT-008. OVERCOMING BRAIN TUMOR IMMUNE-EVASION BY DISRUPTING THE CD47-SIRPa INTERACTION AXIS TO TREAT HIGH GRADE PEDIATRIC AND ADULT BRAIN TUMORS (2013)

INTRODUCTION: Adult and pediatric brain tumors are among the most fatal cancers. Current standard treatments are palliative at best and in children cause long-term neurocognitive impairments, which necessitates developing new therapeutic modalities. One of the key tumor features facilitating its gro