gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient join algorithms for large database tables in a multi-GPU environment (2020)

Relational join processing is one of the core functionalities in database management systems. It has been demonstrated that GPUs as a general-purpose parallel computing platform is very promising in processing relational joins. However, join algorithms often need to handle very large input data, which is an issue that was not sufficiently addressed in existing work. Besides, as more and more desktop and workstation platforms support multi-GPU environment, the combined computing capability of multiple GPUs can easily achieve that of a computing cluster. It is worth exploring how join processing would benefit from the adaptation of multiple GPUs. We identify the low rate and complex patterns of data transfer among the CPU and GPUs as the main challenges in designing efficient algorithms for large table joins. To overcome such challenges, we propose three distinctive designs of multi-GPU join algorithms, namely, the nested loop, global sort-merge and hybrid joins for large table joins with different join conditions. Extensive experiments running on multiple databases and two different hardware configurations demonstrate high scalability of our algorithms over data size and significant performance boost brought by the use of multiple GPUs. Furthermore, our algorithms achieve much better performance as compared to existing join algorithms, with a speedup up to 25X and 2.8X over best known code developed for multi-core CPUs and GPUs respectively.
Object Flow Integrity (2017)

Object flow integrity (OFI) augments control-flow integrity (CFI) and software fault isolation (SFI) protections with secure, first-class support for binary object exchange across inter-module trust boundaries. This extends both source-aware and source-free CFI and SFI technologies to a large class of previously unsupported software: those containing immutable system modules with large, object-oriented APIs---which are particularly common in component-based, event-driven consumer software. It also helps to protect these inter-module object exchanges against confused deputy-assisted vtable corruption and counterfeit object-oriented programming attacks.
Phosphorescent Nanocluster Light‐Emitting Diodes (2015)

Devices utilizing an entirely new class of earth abundant, inexpensive phosphorescent emitters based on metal-halide nanoclusters are reported. Light-emitting diodes with tunable performance are demonstrated by varying cation substitution to these nanoclusters. Theoretical calculations provide insight about the nature of the phosphorescent emitting states, which involves a strong pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion.
A Two‐step Procedure for the Purification of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) (1981)

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was purified by a simple, rapid, two-step procedure comprising chromatography on dextran sulfate-Sepharose 4B, followed by preparative rate zonal centrifugation on a sucrose gradient. A 230-fold purification of HBsAg was achieved with a yield of about 80%.
A Group of Genome-Based Biomarkers That Add to a Kattan Nomogram for Predicting Progression in Men with High-Risk Prostate Cancer (2009)

Thus, GEMCaP shows promise for predicting unfavorable outcomes for negative lymph node high-risk cases, where the nomogram falls short, and suggests that addition of GEMCaP to nomograms may be warranted.
Toward a Label-Free Electrochemical Impedance Immunosensor Design for Quantifying Cortisol in Tears (2019)

Cortisol is a viable biomarker for monitoring physiological, occupational, and emotional stress and is normally present in tear fluid at approximately 40 nM, or higher as a result of stress. We present characterization and quantification of cortisol via several electrochemical methods versus the standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, commonly known as ELISA. We also present a prototyped design of a disposable test strip and handheld sensor based on label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to quantify cortisol levels in tear fluid within approximately 90 seconds. Electrochemical characterization of the cortisol molecule was conducted using cyclic voltammetry, amperometric i-t, and square wave voltammetry. Lower limits of detection for these techniques were not sufficient to quantify cortisol and phycological tear ranges: 0.1 M, 0.23 M, and 193 M for cyclic voltammetry, amperometric i-t, and square wave voltammetry, respectively. However, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was to be the best mode of cortisol quantification and comparison to ELISA technique (detection range of ~ 138 pM - 552 nM). The initial EIS biosensor obtained a lower limit of detection of 59.76 nM with an approximate 10% relative standard deviation. The cortisol assay and tear collection prototype presented here offer a highly reproducible and ultra-low level of detection with a label-free and rapid response.
A Method for Using a Time Interval Counter to Measure Frequency Stability (1987)

It is shown how a commercial time interval counter can be used to measure the relative stability of two signals that are offset in frequency and mixed down to a beat note of about 1 Hz. To avoid the dead-time problem, the counter is set up to read the time interval between each beat note upcrossing and the next pulse of a 10 Hz reference pulse train. The actual upcrossing times are recovered by a simple algorithm whose outputs can be used for computing residuals and Allan variance. A noise floor-test yielded a delta f/f Allan deviation of 1.3 times 10 to the minus 9th power/tau relative to the beat frequency.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis and Equilibration of Methylamines on Sodium Mordenite. (1987)

Abstract Sodium mordenite catalyzes the sequential reactions of methanol and ammonia to give methylamine and dimethylamine, but little trimethylamine.
The Layout Consistent Random Field for Recognizing and Segmenting Partially Occluded Objects (2006)

This paper addresses the problem of detecting and segmenting partially occluded objects of a known category. We first define a part labelling which densely covers the object. Our Layout Consistent Random Field (LayoutCRF) model then imposes asymmetric local spatial constraints on these labels to ensure the consistent layout of parts whilst allowing for object deformation. Arbitrary occlusions of the object are handled by avoiding the assumption that the whole object is visible. The resulting system is both efficient to train and to apply to novel images, due to a novel annealed layout-consistent expansion move algorithm paired with a randomised decision tree classifier. We apply our technique to images of cars and faces and demonstrate state-of-the-art detection and segmentation performance even in the presence of partial occlusion.
Effect of ternary additions on the oxidation resistance of Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} (1995)

Refractory intermetallic silicides are receiving increasing consideration for use as high temperature structural materials. Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3}-based compositions are attractive due to their ability to incorporate a variety of interstitial ternary additions. These ternary additions present a unique opportunity to potentially tailor physical properties. Previous experimental work has shown that these additions significantly increase the otherwise poor oxidation resistance of undoped Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} above 700 C. Recent experimental work by the authors on the oxidation of small atom doped Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} is discussed. Interstitial additions of boron, carbon, and oxygen substantially improve the isothermal oxidation resistance of Ti{sub 5}Si{sub 3} at 1,000 C. In contrast, added nitrogen does not provide significant improvement. Even up to 1,306 C, interstitial oxygen imparts excellent oxidation resistance with a mass gain of 1.1 mg/cm{sup 2} after 240 hours.
Wireless Power Transfer along Oil Pipe Using Ferrite Materials (2016)

In this paper, a novel technique is proposed to improve the wireless power transfer efficiency for downhole logging environment. The method applies a soft ferrite layer on the oil pipe so that the magnetic coupling between the transmitter and the receiver is greatly enhanced. Power transfer efficiency is calculated via electromagnetic simulation using the finite element method. A prototype was built to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.
Quantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI of glioma using Image Downsampling Expedited Adaptive Least-squares (IDEAL) fitting (2017)

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI is sensitive to dilute metabolites with exchangeable protons, allowing tissue characterization in diseases such as acute stroke and tumor. CEST quantification using multi-pool Lorentzian fitting is challenging due to its strong dependence on image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), initial values and boundaries. Herein we proposed an Image Downsampling Expedited Adaptive Least-squares (IDEAL) fitting algorithm that quantifies CEST images based on initial values from multi-pool Lorentzian fitting of iteratively less downsampled images until the original resolution. The IDEAL fitting in phantom data with superimposed noise provided smaller coefficient of variation and higher contrast-to-noise ratio at a faster fitting speed compared to conventional fitting. We further applied the IDEAL fitting to quantify CEST MRI in rat gliomas and confirmed its advantage for in vivo CEST quantification. In addition to significant changes in amide proton transfer and semisolid macromolecular magnetization transfer effects, the IDEAL fitting revealed pronounced negative contrasts of tumors in the fitted CEST maps at 2 ppm and -1.6 ppm, likely arising from changes in creatine level and nuclear overhauser effects, which were not found using conventional method. It is anticipated that the proposed method can be generalized to quantify MRI data where SNR is suboptimal.
Novel approaches for high-efficiency InGaN quantum wells light-emitting diodes: device physics and epitaxy engineering (2011)

The challenges and approaches for high-efficiency InGaN quantum wells (QWs) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are presented. The studies include designs, growths, and device characteristics of 1) InGaN-based QWs LEDs with enhanced matrix element for realizing green-emitting LEDs with high internal quantum efficiency, and 2) InGaN QW LEDs device structure with lattice-matched AlInN-barrier to suppress efficiency-droop in nitride LEDs. Other approaches to improve the efficiency of the nitride LEDs will be discussed as follow: 1) surface plasmon LEDs, 2) new growth approach for dislocation density reduction in GaN, and 3) novel approaches for light extraction efficiency improvement of III-Nitride LEDs.
A New Power Combining and Outphasing Modulation System for High-Efficiency Power Amplification (2011)

This paper describes a new power combining and outphasing system that provides both high efficiency and linear output control. Whereas conventional outphasing systems utilize two power amplifiers, the system introduced here combines power from four or more amplifiers. The proposed technique overcomes the loss and reactive loading problems of previous outphasing systems. It provides ideally lossless power combining, along with resistive loading of the individual power amplifiers over a very wide output power range. A conceptual development illustrating the operating principles of the system is provided, along with a representative design, detailed analysis, and supporting simulations. The relation of the proposed technique to multi-level resistance compression is also described. It is anticipated that the new power combining and outphasing modulation approach will find widespread use in applications where both high linearity and high efficiency are desired.
Oxidation of tunnel barrier metals in magnetic tunnel junctions (2005)

The oxidation of an ultrathin metal layer (&lt;1nm) to form an oxide tunnel barrier is of critical importance for the fabrication of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with low product of resistance and area (R×A). Nonuniform and excessive or insufficient oxidation will occur by using conventional plasma, air, or O2 and noble gas mixtures as oxidation methods. An oxidation method was investigated to oxidize only an ultrathin layer of metal (such as Y) without oxidizing adjacent ferromagnetic thin film layers. We have now demonstrated that a gas mixture of H2O∕H2 with a fixed chemical potential of oxygen determined by the relative amounts of the two gases can oxidize Y and Ta thin layers while simultaneously keeping a Co ferromagnetic layer completely unoxidized. This universal method can be used to preferentially oxidize a host of other metals with high tendency to form oxides, such as Zr, Hf, Nb, rare earth metals, etc. and may allow us to access the feasible lower limit of barrier thickness in MTJs.
Low temperature waste heat power recovery using refrigeration equipment. (2003)

The paper describes the development of a bottoming cycle system enhancing the efficiency of distributed gas power generation equipment such as micro turbines and recipe engine gensets. This so-called Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a vapour power cycle with refrigerant (an organic fluid) instead of water/steam as the working fluid. Functionally it resembles the steam cycle power plant: a pump increases the pressure of condensed liquid refrigerant. This liquid is vaporized in an evaporator/boiler by extracting waste heat from the turbine or engine exhaust. The high-pressure refrigerant vapour expands in a turbine, producing power. The low-pressure vapour leaving the turbine is condensed before being sent back to the pump to restart the cycle. For refrigerants with certain properties, commercially available air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment with its proven reliability and performance record can be used cost-effectively in a power producing ORC system.
Deception Detection on the Internet (2010)

This chapter provides an overview of techniques and tools to detect deception on the Internet. A classification of state-of-the-art hypothesis testing and data mining based deception detection methods are presented. A psycho-linguistics based statistical model for deception detection is also described in detail. Passive and active methods for detecting deception at the application and network layer are discussed. Analysis of the pros and cons of the existing methods is presented. Finally, the inter-play between psychology, linguistics, statistical modeling, network layer information and Internet forensics is discussed along with open research challenges.
Highly conducting linear stacked polymers: iodine-doped fluoroaluminum and fluorogallium phthalocyanines (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly conducting linear stacked polymers: iodine-doped fluoroaluminum and fluorogallium phthalocyaninesRonald S. Nohr, Paul M. Kuznesof, Kenneth J. Wynne, Malcolm E. Kenney, and P. G. SiebenmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 15, 4371–4377Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00405a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00405a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speaker identification enhancement under Co-channel conditions using sinusoidal model-based usable speech detection (2005)

The accuracy of present day speaker identification systems (SID) is degraded in adverse acoustical environments. The idea of usable speech is to identify and extract those portions of degraded speech which are considered useful for SID. Recently, a usable speech extraction system was proposed to classify cochannel speech as usable speech and unusable speech for SID. Speech segments can be declared usable based upon a target-to-interferer energy ratio (TIR). By considering only usable speech for SID instead of the corrupted cochannel speech, it is seen that there is an increase in the accuracy. A novel usable speech detection measure using the sinusoidal model of speech and ESPRIT (estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique), spectral estimation is proposed and investigated, which resulted in 82% correct detection of usable speech segments based on TIR. The usable speech frames extracted using ESPRIT when tested with the SID system, resulted in 84% accuracy in detecting speaker identity as compared to using entire co-channel speech which resulted in only 45% accuracy.
A scanning SQUID microscope with 200 MHz bandwidth (2014)

We developed a scanning DC SQUID microscope with novel readout electronics capable of wideband sensing RF magnetic fields from 50 to 200 MHz and simultaneously providing closed-loop response at kHz frequencies. To overcome the 20 MHz bandwidth limitation of traditional closed-loop SQUIDs, a flux-modulated closed loop simultaneously locks the SQUID quasi-static flux and flux-biases the SQUID for amplification of the RF flux up to $\Phi_0/4$ in amplitude. Demodulating the SQUID voltage with a double lock-in technique yields a signal representative of both the amplitude and phase of the RF flux. This provides 80 dB of a linear dynamic range with the flux noise density of 4 $\mu \Phi_0/\sqrt{Hz}$ at 200 MHz for $YBa_2Cu_3O_7$ bi-crystal SQUID at 77 K. We describe the electronics performance and present images for RF magnetic field of the travelling wave in a coplanar waveguide, the standing wave in an open-circuited microstrip, and a surface mounted device antenna.
CMOS Compatible Process Integration of SOT-MRAM with Heavy-Metal Bi-Layer Bottom Electrode and 10ns Field-Free SOT Switching with STT Assist (2020)

This paper demonstrates a CMOS compatible process integration of spin-orbit torque (SOT) device with a unique bi-layer SOT bottom electrode. An effective spin-Hall angle of 0.27, a median tunneling magneto-resistance ratio of 127% at electrical CD of 57 nm, and a 96% resistance-based MTJ yield on 300 mm scale were achieved. We experimentally validated the two-pulse field-free SOT switching scheme with spin-transfer torque assist at 10 ns. Unlike conventional field-free SOT switching schemes, the demonstrated scheme adds no complexity to process integration.
CuRTAIL: ChaRacterizing and Thwarting AdversarIal deep Learning (2017)

Recent advances in adversarial Deep Learning (DL) have opened up a largely unexplored surface for malicious attacks jeopardizing the integrity of autonomous DL systems. With the wide-spread usage of DL in critical and time-sensitive applications, including unmanned vehicles, drones, and video surveillance systems, online detection of malicious inputs is of utmost importance. We propose DeepFense, the first end-to-end automated framework that simultaneously enables efficient and safe execution of DL models. DeepFense formalizes the goal of thwarting adversarial attacks as an optimization problem that minimizes the rarely observed regions in the latent feature space spanned by a DL network. To solve the aforementioned minimization problem, a set of complementary but disjoint modular redundancies are trained to validate the legitimacy of the input samples in parallel with the victim DL model. DeepFense leverages hardware/software/algorithm co-design and customized acceleration to achieve just-in-time performance in resource-constrained settings. The proposed countermeasure is unsupervised, meaning that no adversarial sample is leveraged to train modular redundancies. We further provide an accompanying API to reduce the non-recurring engineering cost and ensure automated adaptation to various platforms. Extensive evaluations on FPGAs and GPUs demonstrate up to two orders of magnitude performance improvement while enabling online adversarial sample detection.
Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. XLIV. Formation of isoindoles by the ring contraction of 1-alkyl-1,4-benzodiazepines (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. XLIV. Formation of isoindoles by the ring contraction of 1-alkyl-1,4-benzodiazepinesR. Ian Fryer, J. V. Earley, and L. H. SternbachCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 3, 649–654Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01255a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01255a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts