gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i>adhesion of human dermal fibroblasts on iron cross-linked alginate films (2009)

We evaluated the potential of alginate film incorporating ferric ions as a gelling agent (Fe-alginate) in comparison with that incorporating calcium ions (Ca-alginate) as a scaffold for culturing normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). NHDF adhered to Fe-alginate and proliferated well, but no growth of the cells was observed on Ca-alginate. Since vitronectin and fibronectin play pivotal roles in cellular adhesion, their participation in NHDF behavior on alginate surfaces was investigated. We found that vitronectin was a critical element for initial attachment and spreading of NHDF on Fe-alginate. The surface properties of both alginate films were characterized in terms of protein adsorption ability and surface wettability, and it was revealed that Fe-alginate film adsorbed a significantly higher amount of proteins, including vitronectin and fibronectin, and had a higher surface hydrophobicity than Ca-alginate film. Moreover, under serum-free conditions, only a small number of NHDF were able to attach to the surface of Fe-alginate. Fe-alginate appeared to provide an appropriate surface for cellular attachment by adsorption of serum proteins such as vitronectin. These results suggest that Fe-alginate can serve as a scaffold for human fibroblasts and may be useful for tissue engineering research and other biomedical applications.
Potential mechanisms of avian sex manipulation (2003)

The aim of this review is to consider the potential mechanisms birds may use to manipulate the sex of their progeny, and the possible role played by maternal hormones. Over the past few years there has been a surge of reports documenting the ability of birds to overcome the rigid process of chromosomal sex determination. However, while many of these studies leave us in little doubt that mechanisms allowing birds to achieve this feat do exist, we are only left with tantalizing suggestions as to what the precise mechanism or mechanisms may be. The quest to elucidate them is made no easier by the fact that a variety of environmental conditions have been invoked in relation to sex manipulation, and there is no reason to assume that any particular mechanism is conserved among the vast diversity of species that can achieve it. In fact, a number of intriguing proposals have been put forward. We begin by briefly reviewing some of the most recent examples of this phenomenon before highlighting some of the more plausible mechanisms, drawing on recent work from a variety of taxa. In birds, females are the heterogametic sex and so non-Mendelian segregation of the sex chromosomes could conceivably be under maternal control. Another suggestion is that follicles that ultimately give rise to males and females grow at different rates. Alternatively, the female might selectively abort embryos or 'dump lay' eggs of a particular sex, deny certain ova a chance of ovulation, fertilization or zygote formation, or selectively provision eggs so that there is sex-specific embryonic mortality. The ideas outlined in this review provide good starting points for testing the hypotheses both experimentally (behaviourally and physiologically) and theoretically.
Agrobacterium－mediated transformation and assessment of factors influencing transgene expression in loblolly pine（Pinus taeda L.） (2001)

This investigation reports a protocol for transfer and expression of foreign chimeric genes in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Transformation was achieved by co-cultivation of mature zygotic embryos with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 which harbored a binary vector (pBI121) including genes for 3-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTI1). Factors influencing transgene expression including seed sources of loblolly pine, concentration of bacteria, and the wounding procedures of target explants were investigated. The expression of foreign gene was confirmed by the ability of mature zygotic embryos to produce calli in the presence of kanamycin, by histochemical assays of GUS activity, by PCR analysis, and by Southern blot. The successful expression of the GUS gene in different families of loblolly pine suggests that this transformation system is probably useful for the production of the genetically modified conifers.
Quantitative analysis of faults and failures in a complex software system (2000)

The authors describe a number of results from a quantitative study of faults and failures in two releases of a major commercial software system. They tested a range of basic software engineering hypotheses relating to: the Pareto principle of distribution of faults and failures; the use of early fault data to predict later fault and failure data; metrics for fault prediction; and benchmarking fault data. For example, we found strong evidence that a small number of modules contain most of the faults discovered in prerelease testing and that a very small number of modules contain most of the faults discovered in operation. We found no evidence to support previous claims relating module size to fault density nor did we find evidence that popular complexity metrics are good predictors of either fault-prone or failure-prone modules. We confirmed that the number of faults discovered in prerelease testing is an order of magnitude greater than the number discovered in 12 months of operational use. The most important result was strong evidence of a counter-intuitive relationship between pre- and postrelease faults; those modules which are the most fault-prone prerelease are among the least fault-prone postrelease, while conversely, the modules which are most fault-prone postrelease are among the least fault-prone prerelease. This observation has serious ramifications for the commonly used fault density measure. Our results provide data-points in building up an empirical picture of the software development process.
Microring resonator-assisted Fourier transform spectrometer with enhanced resolution and large bandwidth in single chip solution (2019)

Single chip integrated spectrometers are critical to bring chemical and biological sensing, spectroscopy, and spectral imaging into robust, compact and cost-effective devices. Existing on-chip spectrometer approaches fail to realize both high resolution and broad band. Here we demonstrate a microring resonator-assisted Fourier-transform (RAFT) spectrometer, which is realized using a tunable Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) cascaded with a tunable microring resonator (MRR) to enhance the resolution, integrated with a photodetector onto a single chip. The MRR boosts the resolution to 0.47 nm, far beyond the Rayleigh criterion of the tunable MZI-based Fourier-transform spectrometer. A single channel achieves large bandwidth of ~ 90 nm with low power consumption (35 mW for MRR and 1.8 W for MZI) at the expense of degraded signal-to-noise ratio due to time-multiplexing. Integrating a RAFT element array is envisaged to dramatically extend the bandwidth for spectral analytical applications such as chemical and biological sensing, spectroscopy, image spectrometry, etc.
Variable to fixed-length codes for Markov sources (1987)

<p>Petry's efficient and optimal variable to fixed-length source code for discrete memoryless sources was described by Schalkwijk. By extending this coding technique we are able to give an algorithm for Markov sources that is easy to implement. We can bound the loss of efficiency as a function of the code complexity and the mismatch between the source and the code. Rates arbitrarily close to the source entropy are shown to be achievable. In this sense the codes introduced are optimal.</p>
Visualization methods for sustainable planning (2012)

In urban planning, both measuring and communicating sustainability are among the most recent concerns. Therefore, the primary emphasis of this thesis concerns establishing metrics and visualization techniques in order to deal with indicators of sustainability. 
First, this thesis provides a novel approach for measuring and monitoring two indicators of sustainability - urban sprawl and carbon footprints – at the urban neighborhood scale. By designating different sectors of relevant carbon emissions as well as different household categories, this thesis provides detailed information about carbon emissions in order to estimate impacts of daily consumption decisions and travel behavior by household type. Regarding urban sprawl, a novel gridcell-based indicator model is established, based on different dimensions of urban sprawl. 
Second, this thesis presents a three-step-based visualization method, addressing predefined requirements for geovisualizations and visualizing those indicator results, introduced above. This surface-visualization combines advantages from both common GIS representation and three-dimensional representation techniques within the field of urban planning, and is assisted by a web-based graphical user interface which allows for accessing the results by the public.
In addition, by focusing on local neighborhoods, this thesis provides an alternative approach in measuring and visualizing both indicators by utilizing a Neighborhood Relation Diagram (NRD), based on weighted Voronoi diagrams. Thus, the user is able to a) utilize original census data, b) compare direct impacts of indicator results on the neighboring cells, and c) compare both indicators of sustainability visually.
Kinect-Based Virtual Game for the Elderly that Detects Incorrect Body Postures in Real Time (2016)

Poor posture can result in loss of physical function, which is necessary to preserving independence in later life. Its decline is often the determining factor for loss of independence in the elderly. To avoid this, a system to correct poor posture in the elderly, designed for Kinect-based indoor applications, is proposed in this paper. Due to the importance of maintaining a healthy life style in senior citizens, the system has been integrated into a game which focuses on their physical stimulation. The game encourages users to perform physical activities while the posture correction system helps them to adopt proper posture. The system captures limb node data received from the Kinect sensor in order to detect posture variations in real time. The DTW algorithm compares the original posture with the current one to detect any deviation from the original correct position. The system was tested and achieved a successful detection percentage of 95.20%. Experimental tests performed in a nursing home with different users show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
The synthesis and properties of a cation‐exchange resin prepared by the pyrolysis of starch in the presence of phytic acid (1995)

Abstract A black charcoal‐like material having cation exchange and adsorption properties was prepared by the controlled pyrolysis of starch in the presence of a commercial phytic acid solution. Resins with binding capacities of 0.7–5.7 meq/g of calcium were prepared by varying the phytic acid to starch ratio, the temperature, or the duration of heating of the reaction mixture. SEM photomicrographs of some of these new materials showed that they are composed of particles similar in size and shape to the starting starch granules. These resins also removed atrazine from aqueous solutions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This article is a US Government work and , as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Synthesis and Characterization of Neodymium(III) and Gadolinium(III)‐Substituted Hydroxyapatite as Biomaterials (2008)

Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , substituted with gadolinium(III) (Gd 3+ ) and neodymium(III) (Nd 3+ ) in different mole ratios (M added /Ca added = X M , 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2), was synthesized by an ion‐exchange method. All samples had the single phase of HA except for X M =0.2, which displayed the second phase of M(OH) 3 . All were B‐type carbonated HA. The nanoparticles were elongated spheroids of around 70 nm, and the shape and size did not change significantly with an increase of X M . The M(III)‐doped HA had higher electrical conductivity compared with pure HA. A cytotoxicity test showed all were noncytotoxic except for X Gd =0.2.
A Localization Method for First and Second Heart Sounds Based on Energy Detection and Interval Regulation (2015)

The present study suggests a localization method for the first (S<sub>1</sub>) and the second (S<sub>2</sub>) feature of heart sounds, based on an algorithm involving frequency filtering, energy detection, and interval regulation. Localization accuracy was evaluated by comparing the algorithm with the traditional Hilbert transform-based localization method. Results show that the sensitivity and the positive predictivity value of proposed method, respectively, were 97.27 % and 99.94 % in S<sub>1</sub> detection and 94.99 % and 100 % in S<sub>2</sub> detection.
Validation of Terahertz Coating Thickness Measurements Using X-ray Microtomography (2012)

Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) is a recently developed nondestructive and noncontact method to measure the coating thickness of coated pharmaceutical tablets. The method requires no calibration in order to resolve the coating structure of tablets. The relative coating thickness over a tablet surface or between different tablets of the same batch can be determined with high precision. However, in order to determine the absolute coating thickness accurately the refractive index, n, of the coating layer needs to be known. For all published studies to date the value of n was based on estimates or bulk measurements, which were based on the assumption that n is constant for a given coating formulation. We have developed a measurement technique using X-ray microtomography to independently quantify the coating thickness. These data were then used to validate the terahertz imaging results, and we found that the intertablet variation of n for coating layers of 25-270 μm thickness is less than 4% and that there is less than 3% intratablet variation in n. Based on our results we estimate that, depending on the pigment content, the absolute value of n in a typical pharmaceutical coating formulation will be in the range of 1.45 < n < 2.01. We conclude that TPI is a robust technique and that, due to its very simple measurement principle, it is an ideal measurement technique to quantify the coating thickness in process control and quality monitoring applications.
LiReD: A Light-Weight Real-Time Fault Detection System for Edge Computing Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

Monitoring the status of the facilities and detecting any faults are considered an important technology in a smart factory. Although the faults of machine can be analyzed in real time using collected data, it requires a large amount of computing resources to handle the massive data. A cloud server can be used to analyze the collected data, but it is more efficient to adopt the edge computing concept that employs edge devices located close to the facilities. Edge devices can improve data processing and analysis speed and reduce network costs. In this paper, an edge device capable of collecting, processing, storing and analyzing data is constructed by using a single-board computer and a sensor. And, a fault detection model for machine is developed based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks. The proposed system called LiReD was implemented for an industrial robot manipulator and the LSTM-based fault detection model showed the best performance among six fault detection models.
Synthesis of renierone, antimicrobial metabolite from a marine sponge Reniera sp.. (1981)

Renierone, a unique isoquinolinequinone antimicrobial metabolite produced from a marine sponge Reniera sp., was synthesized.
Giving robots some feelings towards interaction with humans in ubiquitous environment (2007)

There were many successful milestones that researchers had passed achieving dasiahumanoid robotspsila, that are little closer to humans but not at whole. Although, the expectation level of the intelligence of these new systems is still unknown, it can be fairly assumed that reaching a goal at least up to an intelligence level of a human baby, may be a big success. In order to be more close to the human, it is necessary to analyze the behavioral patterns of humans in order to apply them for the AI machines. Humans being emotional creatures have feelings on their own as well as many towards the others. These emotions get into effect in all the dealings they performed. Some of the topics that this research project discusses are, is there anything these feelings can do to improve robots, will there be any change to robot by having them, etc. In this research work authors are analyzing some dasiaface emotionspsila based on dasiapersonal spacepsila to enhance the human-robot interactions in ubiquitous environments.
<title>Intelligent robot trends for 1998</title> (1998)

An intelligent robot is a remarkably useful combination of a manipulator, sensors and controls. The use of these machines in factory automation can improve productivity, increase product quality and improve competitiveness. This paper presents a discussion of recent technical and economic trends. Technically, the machines are faster, cheaper, more repeatable, more reliable and safer. The knowledge base of inverse kinematic and dynamic solutions and intelligent controls is increasing. More attention is being given by industry to robots, vision and motion controls. New areas of usage are emerging for service robots, remote manipulators and automated guided vehicles. Economically, the robotics industry now has a 1.1 billion-dollar market in the U.S. and is growing. Feasibility studies results are presented which also show decreasing costs for robots and unaudited healthy rates of return for a variety of robotic applications. However, the road from inspiration to successful application can be long and difficult, often taking decades to achieve a new product. A greater emphasis on mechatronics is needed in our universities. Certainly, more cooperation between government, industry and universities is needed to speed the development of intelligent robots that will benefit industry and society.
High-Transmittance Liquid-Crystal Tunable Terahertz Phase Shifter Using Novel Transparent Electrodes (2013)

Based on the ITO nanowhiskers (NWhs) as transparent electrodes, we demonstrate the new scheme of terahertz (THz) phase shifter which can be applied at the pretty low driving voltage, and with outstanding transmittance.
Recent Progress in Silicon-Based Slow-Light Electro-Optic Modulators (2022)

As an important optoelectronic integration platform, silicon photonics has achieved significant progress in recent years, demonstrating the advantages on low power consumption, low cost, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. Among the different silicon photonics devices, the silicon electro-optic modulator is a key active component to implement the conversion of electric signal to optical signal. However, conventional silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators and silicon micro-ring modulators both have their own limitations, which will limit their use in future systems. For example, the conventional silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators are hindered by large footprint, while the silicon micro-ring modulators have narrow optical bandwidth and high temperature sensitivity. Therefore, developing a new structure for silicon modulators to improve the performance is a crucial research direction in silicon photonics. Meanwhile, slow-light effect is an important physical phenomenon that can reduce the group velocity of light. Applying slow-light effect on silicon modulators through photonics crystal and waveguide grating structures is an attractive research point, especially in the aspect of reducing the device footprint. In this paper, we review the recent progress of silicon-based slow-light electro-optic modulators towards future communication requirements. Beginning from the principle of slow-light effect, we summarize the research of silicon photonic crystal modulators and silicon waveguide grating modulators in detail. Simultaneously, the experimental results of representative silicon slow-light modulators are compared and analyzed. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and development directions of silicon-based slow-light electro-optic modulators for the practical applications.
Expression of individual immunoglobulin genes occurs in an unusual system consisting of multiple independent loci (2004)

Humoral immunity is effected through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes in individual somatic cells committed to the B lymphocyte lineage. Haplotype or allelic exclusion restricts B lymphocytes to the expression of a single Ig receptor that can sustain further somatic modification. In most species, a specific Ig chain is encoded at a single genetic locus. However, in cartilaginous fish, hundreds of independent Ig heavy- (IgH) and Ig light-chain (IgL) gene loci are present, many of which are joined in the germ line. Ig gene transcripts have been amplified from single peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria) using reverse-transcription PCR, and a single productive IgH transcript was detected in the majority of cells analyzed. Similarly, only a single IgL transcript was detected in over half of the individual cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that a mechanism for haplotype exclusion arose early in the evolution of antibody diversity and is independent of a single genetic locus.
Stem Cell Challenges in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease (2011)

Neurodegenerative diseases result from the gradual and progressive loss of neural cells and lead to nervous system dysfunction. The rapidly advancing stem cell field is providing attractive alternative options for fighting these diseases. Results have provided proof of principle that cell replacement can work in humans with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, three clinical studies of cell transplantation were published that found no net benefit, while patients in two of the studies developed dyskinesias that persisted despite reductions in treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have major potential advantages because patient-specific neuroblasts are suitable for transplantation, avoid immune reactions, and can be produced without the use of human ES cells (hESC). Although iPSCs have not been successfully used in clinical trials for PD, patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were treated with autologous stem cells and, though they had some degree of decline one year after treatment, they were still improved compared with the preoperative period or without any drug therapy. In addition, neural stem cells (NSCs), via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been shown to ameliorate complex behavioral deficits associated with widespread Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in a transgenic mouse model of AD. So far, the FDA lists 18 clinical trials treating multiple sclerosis (MS), but most are in preliminary stages. This article serves as an overview of recent studies in stem cell and regenerative approaches to the above chronic neurodegenerative disorders. There are still many obstacles to the use of stem cells as a cure for neurodegenerative disease, especially because we still don't fully understand the true mechanisms of these diseases. However, there is hope in the potential of stem cells to help us learn and understand a great deal more about the mechanisms underlying these devastating neurodegenerative diseases.