gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dual emission fluorescent probe enables simultaneous detection of glutathione and cysteine/homocysteine (2014)

Many studies have shown that glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) / homocysteine (Hcy) levels are interrelated in biological systems. To unravel the complicated biomedical mechanisms by which GSH and Cys/Hcy are involved in various disease states, probes that display distinct signals in response to GSH and Cys/Hcy are highly desirable. In this work, we report a rhodol thioester (<b>1</b>) that responds to GSH and Cys/Hcy with distinct fluorescence emissions in neutral media. Probe <b>1</b> reacts with Cys/Hcy to form the corresponding deconjugated spirolactam via a tandem native chemical ligation (NCL) reaction. This intramolecular spirocyclization leads to the "quinone - phenol" transduction of rhodol dyes, and an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process between the phenolic hydroxyl proton and the aromatic nitrogen in the benzothiazole unit occurs upon photoexcitation, thus affording 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) emission (454 nm). In the case of the tripeptide GSH, only transthioesterification takes place removing the intramolecular photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process caused by the electron deficient 4-nitrobenzene moiety giving rise to a large fluorescence enhancement at the rhodol emission band (587 nm). The simultaneous detection of GSH and Cys/Hcy is attributed to the significantly different rates of intramolecular S,N-acyl shift of their corresponding thioester adducts derived from <b>1</b>. The utility of probe <b>1</b> has been demonstrated in various biological systems including serum and cells.
Mechanized Fluid Connector And Assembly Tool (1990)

In new tool-and-connector system, necessary to have access to only one side of pipe, access offset from centerline. Connections made or broken in confined spaces and with small external forces. Tool turns spur gear on externally threaded retainer on left member of connector. Retainer engages nut on right member of connector. Intended for assembly of pipes in proposed Space Station, tool and fitting used on Earth to make or break plumbing connections in crowded utility runs or other confined spaces where wrenches cannot be turned, where forces exerted by wrenches might cause damage, or where lack of good grip prevents technician from exerting sufficient torque on connector.
Precompensated excitation waveforms to suppress harmonic generation in MEMS electrostatic transducers (2004)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electrostatic-based transducers inherently produce harmonics as the electrostatic force generated in the transmit mode is approximately proportional to the square of the applied voltage signal. This characteristic precludes them from being effectively used for harmonic imaging (either with or without the addition of microbubble-based contrast agents). The harmonic signal that is nonlinearly generated by tissue (or contrast agent) cannot be distinguished from the inherent transmitted harmonic signal. We investigated two precompensation methods to cancel this inherent harmonic generation in electrostatic transducers. A combination of finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental results are presented. The first approach relies on a calculation, or measurement, of the transducer's linear transfer function, which is valid for small signal levels. Using this transfer function and a measurement of the undesired harmonic signal, a predistorted transmit signal was calculated to cancel the harmonic inherently generated by the transducer. Due to the lack of perfect linearity, the approach does hot work completely in a single iteration. However, with subsequent iterations, the problem becomes more linear and converges toward a very satisfactory result (a 18.6 dB harmonic reduction was achieved in FEA simulations and a 20.7 dB reduction was measured in a prototype experiment). The second approach tested involves defining a desired function [including a direct current (DC) offset], then taking the square root of this function to determine the shape of the required input function. A 5.5 dB reduction of transmitted harmonic was obtained in both FEA simulation and experimental prototypes test.
Isolated Single Stage AC-DC Converter Topologies with Regenerative Snubber Circuit for EV Application (2018)

Electric vehicle (EV) battery charging application requires power converters with higher efficiency and power density. Soft-switched single stage power converters can be suitable for this application as they require lesser number of active and passive components compared to the conventional two stage converters. This paper presents two isolated single phase single stage AC-DC converter topologies for EV application. These converters operate under zero current switching (ZCS) condition. A regenerative flyback based snubber circuit is also presented to mitigate voltage spikes resulted due to the leakage inductor of the high frequency link transformer. A detailed analysis of converter operation is presented in this paper. Key experimental results are shown to validate the performance of these converters in a 1 kW prototype.
The Structure of Leucanicidin, a Novel Insecticidal Macrolide Produced by<i>Streptomyces halstedii</i> (1984)

Journal Article The Structure of Leucanicidin, a Novel Insecticidal Macrolide Produced by Streptomyces halstedii Get access Akira Isogai, Akira Isogai Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shohei Sakuda, Shohei Sakuda Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shogo Matsumoto, Shogo Matsumoto Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mitsuo Ogura, Mitsuo Ogura Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuo Furihata, Kazuo Furihata Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Haruo Seto, Haruo Seto Institute of Applied Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akinori Suzuki Akinori Suzuki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 48, Issue 5, 1 May 1984, Pages 1379–1381, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866328 Published: 01 May 1984 Article history Received: 21 December 1983 Published: 01 May 1984
Robot assisted upper limb rehabilitation training and clinical evaluation: Results of a pilot study (2017)

Rehabilitation robot is promising to be an effective therapy tool for post stroke patients, while the optimal robotic therapy paradigm is still unknown, which is partly because there is no standard method for performing clinical validation study of the rehabilitation robot. On the other hand, rehabilitation robots are normally equipped with several kinds of sensors, but there are few researches on analysing and fusing of the training information recorded by the robot. In this study, we introduce a novel upper limb rehabilitation robot with the force feedback ability and virtual reality training function, and a clinical trial is conducted by comparing the conventional therapy and robotic therapy. During the training, the robot records kinematic, kinetic and sEMG (surface electromyography) signals, and by analysing and fusing these data the recovery process are exploited from both short and long terms, small muscle activities and large limb movements.
Use of Spectral Radiance for Correcting In-season Fertilizer Nitrogen Deficiencies in Winter Wheat (1996)

Variable rate application technology based on spectral radiance has not previously been used for correcting in-season winter wheat nitrogen (N) deficiencies. Soil and yield mapping has been used to recommend variable amounts of applied fertilizer in crop production, however, both are restricted by the time required to obtain results and their utility is bound by the year in which they were generated. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between spectral radiance at specific wavelengths with wheat forage yield and forage N uptake, and to evaluate the potential use of spectral radiance measurements for correcting in-season wheat N deficiencies using sensor-based variable rate technology. Five studies were conducted, three in farmer fields where variable soil N deficiencies were present and two on Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station land. Spectral radiance readings for red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths were obtained in wheat between Feekes physiological stages 4 and 6 using photodiode-based sensors fitted with interference filters and interfaced to an embedded microcontroller. Correlation between a plant nitrogen spectral index (PNSI), a variation of the normalized-difference-vegetative-index (NDVI), and total N uptake in wheat forage was then established. Based on the PNSI readings, a variable 0 to 112 kg N ha1 topdress N rate was determined for 3 3 m plots and N as urea ammonium-nitrate (UAN) applied accordingly (variable rate). In addition to the variable rate treatment, a fixed rate and a check plot (no N applied) were evaluated in a randomized complete block experiment. The PNSI was highly correlated with estimates of wheat forage N uptake at all locations and stages of growth. Wheat grain yields increased significantly as a result of applying topdress N in both the fixed rate and variable rate treatments when compared to the check (no topdress N applied). However, no significant differences in wheat grain yield were found when comparing the fixed and variable rate treatments. Variable N rate treated plots (based on PNSI) resulted in a total N savings between 32 and 57 kg N ha1 when compared to the fixed topdress N rates. In addition to improving site-specific N use efficiency, this technology will likely decrease the risk that overfertilization poses to the environment.
The Development of a Novel Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli Shuttle Vector System Using pMyong2, a Linear Plasmid from Mycobacterium yongonense DSM 45126T (2015)

The Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector system, equipped with the pAL5000 replicon, is widely used for heterologous gene expression and gene delivery in mycobacteria. Despite its extensive use, this system has certain limitations, which has led to the development of alternative mycobacterial vector systems. The present study describes the molecular structure and expression profiles of a novel 18-kb linear plasmid, pMyong2, from Mycobacterium yongonense. Sixteen open reading frames and a putative origin of replication were identified, and the compatibility of the pMyong2 and pAL5000 vector systems was demonstrated. In recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis (rSmeg), the pMyong2 vector system showed a copy number that was approximately 37 times greater than that of pAL5000. Furthermore, pMyong2 increased the mRNA and protein expression of the human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (hMIF) over pAL5000 levels by approximately 10-fold and 50-fold, respectively, demonstrating the potential utility of the pMyong2 vector system in heterologous gene expression in mycobacteria. Successful delivery of the EGFP gene into mammalian cells via rSmeg carrying the pMyong2 vector system was also observed, demonstrating the feasibility of this system for DNA delivery. In conclusion, the pMyong2 vector system could be effectively used not only for the in vivo delivery of recombinant protein and DNA but also for mycobacterial genetic studies as an alternative or a complement to the pAL5000 vector system.
Spectroscopic Tags Using Dye-Embedded Nanoparticles and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2003)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering is capable of providing rich vibrational information at the level of single molecules and single nanoparticles, but the practical applications of this enormous enhancement effect are still a challenge. Here we report a new class of dye-embedded core-shell nanoparticles that are highly efficient for surface Raman enhancement and could be used as spectroscopic tags for multiplexed detection and spectroscopy. The core-shell particles contain a metallic core for optical enhancement, a reporter molecule for spectroscopic signature, and an encapsulating silica shell for protection and conjugation. A surprising finding is that organic molecules with an isothiocyanate (-N=C=S) group or multiple sulfur atoms are compatible with silica encapsulation. In comparison with fluorescent dyes and quantum dots, enhanced Raman probes contain a built-in mechanism for signal amplification and provide rich spectroscopic information under ambient experimental conditions.
Binary search schemes for fast IP lookups (2004)

Route lookup is becoming a very challenging problem due to the increasing size of routing tables. To determine the outgoing port for a given address, the longest matching prefix among all the prefixes, needs to be determined. This makes the task of searching in a large database quite difficult. Our paper describes binary search schemes that allow fast address lookups. Binary search can be performed on the number of entries or on the number of mutually disjoint prefixes. Lookups can be performed in O(N) time, where N is number of entries and the amount of memory required to store the binary database is also O(N). These schemes scale very well with both large databases and for longer addresses (as in IPv6).
Surface Coil FALSH Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Fasting and Secretin-Stimulated Pancreas (1990)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the pancreas to secretin stimulation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using the Siemens 1.0 T Magnetom and a Helmholtz surface coil, single breath FLASH-MRI of the normal fasting pancreas was performed in the prone position, both before and after a 20-minute period after intravenous (IV) bolus injection of secretin (2 cu/kg). T2*-weighted fast low-angle shot sequences (TR = 150 mseconds; TE = 30 mseconds; flip angle = 10 degrees; matrix = 256 X 256; acquisitions = 2) demonstrated an immediate response manifested by a significant distension of the duodenum with fluid secreted by the pancreas, as well as a gradual decline of the pancreas/muscle signal intensity (SI) ratio over time. Twenty minutes after secretin administration, the mean percent decrease of the pancreas/muscle SI ratio in six volunteers was 11.6 +/- 6.4 (1-STD). This is statistically significant (P less than .003) given a mean percent increase of the pancreas/muscle SI ratio of 1.6 +/- 4.8 (1-STD) in five volunteers 20 minutes after bolus injection of saline (control). Although significant duodenal distension is easily demonstrated after secretin administration, the decrease of the relative pancreatic SI over time is visually subtle. Further work is needed to enhance imaging of the physiologic response of the pancreas using even more rapid imaging techniques.
Non-invasive thrombolysis induced by histotripsy pulsed cavitation ultrasound therapy (2008)

Current thrombolytic techniques have significant drawbacks including risks of excessive bleeding and infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histotripsy as a new method of thrombolysis. Histotripsy uses short, intense ultrasound pulses to fractionate soft tissue through controlled cavitation. Histotripsy was applied to clots in-vitro using a 1-MHz focused transducer, 5-cycle pulses at a pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz and peak negative pressures between 2-12 MPa. An ultrasound imaging transducer was used for targeting and monitoring of treatment. Backscatter of the therapy pulse was recorded to detect initiation of a cavitation cloud. Debris size distributions were measured using filter paper and a Coulter Counter. Histotripsy was able to break down clots weighing > 300 mg within 300 seconds of treatment. Thrombolysis was only observed at peak negative pressures >= 6 MPa, with the initiation of a cavitation bubble cloud at the transducer focus. Over 96% of the debris weight was < 5 mum diameter. During ultrasound application, it was observed that clot fragments were spontaneously attracted to and trapped near the transducer focus, and further broken down. This phenomenon may be applicable as a means to prevent embolism during histotripsy and other procedures.
Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>‐ and AlO(OH)‐based cocatalysts for metallocene complexes in alkene polymerization reactions (2004)

Alternative cocatalysts for metallocene complexes: combinations of AlMe3 and one of the two inorganic aluminum compounds, Al(OH)3 and AlO(OH).
The foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase gene is not required for viral replication (1995)

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader (L) proteinase has only two known functions: (i) autocatalytic removal from the N terminus of the viral polyprotein and (ii) cleavage of the p220 subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex, which helps to shut off host protein synthesis. Cleavage of p220 appears to be important for picornavirus replication, since rhinoviruses and enteroviruses utilize a different proteinase (2A) to cleave p220. To explore the role of L in FMDV replication, we generated synthetic FMDV genomes lacking the L gene and tested their viability in cells. Genomes were constructed with the N-terminal Gly codon of VP4 positioned directly following either the first (Lab) or second (Lb) Met codon of the L protein. Cells transfected with synthetic RNAs lacking L and initiating with the Lab Met codon failed to produce viable virus, but cells transfected with RNAs that utilized the second AUG to drive translation of the viral polyprotein produced viable viruses. These leader-deleted viruses produced plaques on BHK cells that were slightly smaller than those produced by wild-type (WT) virus, grew to slightly lower titers than WT virus in BHK cells, shut off host protein synthesis more slowly than WT virus, and were slightly attenuated in mice. These studies indicate that the L proteinase is not essential for FMDV replication and show that in the cells and animals tested the L gene has a limited effect on virus replication.
Using tickets to enforce the serializability of multidatabase transactions (1994)

To enforce global serializability in a multidatabase environment the multidatabase transaction manager must take into account the indirect (transitive) conflicts between multidatabase transactions caused by local transactions. Such conflicts are difficult to resolve because the behavior or even the existence of local transactions is not known to the multidatabase system. To overcome these difficulties, we propose to incorporate additional data manipulation operations in the subtransactions of each multidatabase transaction. We show that if these operations create direct conflicts between subtransactions at each participating local database system, indirect conflicts can be resolved even if the multidatabase system is not aware of their existence. Based on this approach, we introduce optimistic and conservative multidatabase transaction management methods that require the local database systems to ensure only local serializability. The proposed methods do not violate the autonomy of the local database systems and guarantee global serializability by preventing multidatabase transactions from being serialized in different ways at the participating database systems. Refinements of these methods are also proposed for multidatabase environments where the participating database systems allow schedules that are cascadeless or transactions have analogous execution and serialization orders. In particular, we show that forced local conflicts can be eliminated in rigorous local systems, local cascadelessness simplifies the design of a global scheduler, and that local strictness offers no significant advantages over cascadelessness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identifying unknown nanocrystals by fringe fingerprinting in two dimensions and free-access crystallographic databases (2005)

New needs to determine the crystallography of nanocrystals arise with the advent of science and engineering on the nanometer scale. Direct space high-resolution phase-contrast transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomic resolution Z-contrast scanning TEM (Z-STEM), when combined with tools for image-based nanocrystallography possess the capacity to meet these needs. This paper introduces such a tool, i.e. fringe fingerprinting in two dimensions (2D), for the identification of unknown nanocrystal phases and compares this method briefly to qualitative standard powder X-ray diffractometry (i.e. spatial frequency fingerprinting). Free-access crystallographic databases are also discussed because the whole fingerprinting concept is only viable if there are comprehensive databases to support the identification of an unknown nanocrystal phase. This discussion provides the rationale for our ongoing development of a dedicated free-access Nano-Crystallography Database (NCD) that contains comprehensive information on both nanocrystal structures and morphologies. The current status of the NCD project and plans for its future developments are briefly outlined. Although feasible in contemporary HRTEMs and Z-STEMs, fringe fingerprinting in 2D (and image-based nanocrystallography in general) will become much more viable with the increased availability of aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopes. When the image acquisition and interpretation are, in addition, automated in such microscopes, fringe fingerprinting in 2D will be able to compete with powder X-ray diffraction for the identification of unknown nanocrystal phases on a routine basis. Since it possesses a range of advantages over powder X-ray diffractometry, e.g., fringe fingerprint plots contain much more information for the identification of an unknown crystal phase, fringe fingerprinting in 2D may then capture a significant part of the nanocrystal metrology market.
A dual-secondary column comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph for the analysis of volatile organic compound mixtures (2001)

A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatograph has been developed that splits the primary column effluent into two secondary columns. The resulting technique, dual-secondary column comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×2GC), produces a pair of two-dimensional chromatograms for each run. Differential flow modulation has been used to couple the primary column to the secondary columns. This study examines the use of a 6% cyanopropylphenyl, 94% dimethyl polysiloxane primary column, a polyethylene glycol secondary column, and a trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane secondary column. The polyethylene glycol column interacts strongly with compounds having high levels of hydrogen bond acidity, whereas the trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane secondary column interacts strongly with compounds having large dipole moments. A collection of 130 volatile organic compounds were analyzed using the GC×2GC instrument. The data demonstrate that the dual secondary column configuration greatly facilitates compound identification and increases the separation efficiency of mixtures containing organic compounds with electronegative functional groups (e. g., alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, etc.).