gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autologous Intervertebral Disc Cell Implantation (2002)

Data from 15 animals were obtained with engraftment resident in the animal for up to 33 weeks. Immunocytologic identification of engrafted cells showed that they integrated into the disc and were surrounded by normal matrix at time points up to 8 months postengraftment. Engrafted cells exhibited either a spindle-shaped morphology in the annulus or a rounded chondrocyte-like morphology in the nucleus. Although technically challenging, the authors' experience showed that autologous disc cell implantation can be successful and that the sand rat is a valuable model for autologous disc cell studies.
Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis (2023)

Uric acid lithiasis accounts for about 10% of all types of renal lithiasis. The most common causes of uric acid lithiasis are low urinary pH, followed by high concentration of urinary uric acid, and low diuresis. Treatment of patients consists of alkalinization of urine, reducing the consumption of purine-rich foods, and administration of xanthine oxidase inhibitors, because there are no established therapeutic inhibitors of uric acid crystallization. We recently found that theobromine inhibited uric acid crystallization in vitro, and that the increased urinary level of theobromine following its oral consumption was associated with the prevention of uric acid crystallization. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of theobromine metabolites and other methylxanthine-related compounds on uric acid crystallization. We also measured the urinary concentrations of theobromine and its metabolites in samples from healthy individuals and patients with uric acid stones and compared the extent of uric acid supersaturation and uric acid crystal formation in these different samples. Theobromine and other methylxanthines that lacked a substituent at position 1 inhibited uric acid crystallization, but other methylxanthines did not have this effect. Individuals with clinical parameters that favored uric acid crystallization did not develop uric acid crystals when theobromine and its metabolites were in the urine at high levels. Thus, theobromine and its metabolites reduced the risk of uric acid lithiasis.
OMD: Orthogonal Malware Detection using Audio, Image, and Static Features (2021)

With the growing number of malware and cyber attacks, there is a need for “orthogonal” cyber defense approaches, which are complementary to existing methods by detecting unique malware samples that are not predicted by other methods. In this paper, we propose a novel and orthogonal malware detection (OMD) approach to identify malware using a combination of audio descriptors, image similarity descriptors and other static/statistical features. First, we show how audio descriptors are effective in classifying malware families when the malware binaries are represented as audio signals. Then, we show that the predictions made on the audio descriptors are orthogonal to the predictions made on image similarity descriptors and other static features. Further, we develop a framework for error analysis and a metric to quantify how orthogonal a new feature set (or type) is with respect to other feature sets. This allows us to add new features and detection methods to our overall framework. Experimental results on malware datasets show that our approach provides a robust framework for orthogonal malware detection.
Strategies for Prevention of Toxicity Caused by Platinum‐Based Chemotherapy: Review and Summary of the Annual Meeting of the Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption Program, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, March 10, 2001 (2002)

The dose-limiting side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy are preventable, but questions about the effect of the protective agents on oncological efficacy remain. Strategies for prevention of chemotherapy-induced toxicity include temporal or anatomical separation of cisplatin or carboplatin from sodium thiosulfate, D-methionine, or N-acetyl-cysteine. Clinical application of these methods has begun. The mechanisms presumably involve free radicals or drug conjugation, or both. Understanding the role of free radicals in medicine is likely to become important in the future.
Low Loss, Tightly Coilable, Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers for Mid-IR Applications (2014)

We describe low loss (50dB/km at 3.3μm) and low bend sensitivity mid-IR hollow core-photonic bandgap fiber. Gas sensing applications are highlighted by a methane spectrum recorded in our fiber.
Effect of annealing on mechanical quality factor of fused quartz hemispherical resonator (2014)

This paper reports the experimental demonstration of Quality factor (Q-factor) improvement of fused quartz hemispherical resonators after post-fabrication annealing. Several identical fused quartz 3D hemispherical resonators, thickness 1 mm and diameter 10 mm were fabricated using micro-glassblowing process and tested before and after annealing. Results showed that annealing at 800 °C for 6 hours followed by slow overnight cooling significantly improved Q-factor, from 666×103 to 932×103 in our experiments. The annealing dependence was investigated by varying temperature from 500 °C to 800 °C. Change in Q-factor was observed to be minimal (<;10%), when annealed at 500 °C, for both n=2 and n=3 wineglass modes. Q-factor changes were ~40% when annealed at 800 °C. The experimental result on Q-factor enhancement is valuable for the development of very high Q fused quartz vibratory MEMS resonators for use in precision inertial sensing.
Structure estimation of a moving object using a moving camera: An unknown input observer approach (2011)

A state observer is designed for estimating the structure of a moving object with time-varying velocities seen by a moving camera. A nonlinear unknown input observer strategy is used where the object's velocity is considered as an unknown input to the perspective dynamical system. The object is assumed to be moving on a ground plane. The downward-looking camera observing the moving object is also moving (e.g., attached to an air vehicle) with known velocities. The developed method provides the first causal, observer-based structure estimation algorithm for a moving camera viewing a moving object with unknown time-varying object velocities.
ADVANCED VEHICLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS. COMPUTER APPLICATION, CONTROL AND AUTOMATION. CHAPTER 6. TRENDS IN TRACTION CONTROL FOR IMPROVED VEHICLE DYNAMICS (1997)

This chapter deals first with the history of traction control technology and examines the issues left unsolved. It then examines the latest traction control systems based on actual implementations of these systems. An overview is then given of the way in which the fundamental form of ideas for control have been introduced into traction control and how they have been used to test the role and patterns of current traction control systems in order to uncover their meaning. The hierachical structure which is inherent in the control logic of this fundamental form is also analysed to give an insight into the relationship between the control system on one hand and the driver and society on the other. Lastly it discusses how traction control systems have been incorporated into overall vehicle dynamics control technology and considers systems of the future. For the covering abstract see IRRD 889207.
Restricted Low‐Level Human Antibody Responses against Epstein‐Barr Virus (EBV)–Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1 in a Subgroup of Patients with EBV‐Associated Diseases (1999)

Human antibody responses to latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related disease syndromes were analyzed in detail. Only by immunoblot analysis with purified recombinant LMP1 and by IFA on recombinant LMP1-expressing insect cells could human antibodies directed against LMP1 be detected. Low serum levels of LMP1-directed antibodies could be detected in 3 of 8 EBV-positive Hodgkin's disease patients, 3 of 40 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, 2 of 23 Burkitt's lymphoma patients, and 1 of 27 non-Burkitt's lymphoma patients. No LMP1-directed antibodies could be detected in healthy EBV carriers, infectious mononucleosis patients, or patients with chronic EBV disease. All sera contained significant levels of EBV antibodies directed against the immunodominant EBV proteins and peptides. From this study, it can be concluded that LMP1 is a protein with a very low immunogenicity for the humoral immune response in humans.
Free-Space Terminals for Optical Two-Way Time-Frequency Transfer (2017)

Optical two-way time-frequency transfer (O-TWTFT) places stringent requirements on the free-space optical terminals used to transmit precise frequency comb pulses. We discuss a compact free-space terminal design that enables O-TWTFT over long, highly turbulent links.
Performance characteristics of a cascaded two-level converter (1999)

A cascaded two-level power converter is proposed which utilizes two six-transistor inverters and is capable of producing voltages which are identical to those of three-level and four-level converters. Since the machine voltages are the same, the converter performance is the same as is verified through laboratory tests. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed cascaded converter are explored. The proposed converter is simpler to construct and offers more nonredundant switching states per number of active semiconductors than standard multi-level converters.
High performance robust F-doped tin oxide based oxygen evolution electro-catalysts for PEM based water electrolysis (2013)

Identification and development of non-noble metal based electro-catalysts or electro-catalysts comprising compositions with significantly reduced amounts of expensive noble metal contents (e.g. IrO2, Pt) with comparable electrochemical performance to the standard noble metal/metal oxide for proton exchange membrane (PEM) based water electrolysis would signify a major breakthrough in hydrogen generation via water electrolysis. Development of such systems would lead to two primary outcomes: first, a reduction in the overall capital costs of PEM based water electrolyzers, and second, attainment of the targeted hydrogen production costs (<$3.00/gge delivered by 2015) comparable to conventional liquid fuels. In line with these goals, by exploiting a two-pronged theoretical first principles and experimental approach herein, we demonstrate for the very first time a solid solution of SnO2:10 wt% F containing only 20 at.% IrO2 [e.g. (Sn0.80Ir0.20)O2:10F] displaying remarkably similar electrochemical activity and comparable or even much improved electrochemical durability compared to pure IrO2, the accepted gold standard in oxygen evolution electro-catalysts for PEM based water electrolysis. We present the results of these studies.
5‐Fluoroorotate: a new liposome‐dependent cytotoxic agent (1985)

The potency of 5-fluoroorotate for inhibition of L929 or CV1-P cell growth is increased by encapsulation in negatively charged liposomes. The optimal liposome composition is dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol: cholesterol, 67:33. Unextruded large unilamellar liposomes are the optimal size for delivery. This compound is the second transport-negative drug which we have found to exhibit liposome-dependent delivery.
An Improved Metal Halide Lamp with High Color Rendering Properties (1983)

A metal halide lamp having a three-band spectrum has been developed which overcomes those obstacles which have hitherto prevented a successful design: (1) the necessity of a relatively high condensate without overloading the fused silica arc tube; (2) undesirable impurities inherent in halides; (3) the requirement of an electrode which maintains a stable discharge. The development effort has resulted in a lamp which features a contoured arc tube, a tailored set of exhaust procedures and integrated rod/coil electrode which is essential to lamp stability. Efficacies of 60LPW have been achieved with a CPI which exceeds that of a 2800 K incandescent source. The color contrast threshold (CCT) of this lamp is 3600K and the color is very stable.
Safer Weightlessness Simulator (1992)

System described in report simulates weightlessness of space for training of astronauts, without adverse effects of rapid decompression. As in previous simulators, trainee wearing space-suit performs training exercises while immersed in water. In new system, space-suit interior is not above atmospheric pressure. No need for trainee to undergo gradual decompression to prevent bends after lengthy exercise; nor is there need for medical team to be present.
C-reactive protein concentration in vaginal fluid as a marker for intra-amniotic inflammation/infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes (2005)

An elevated CRP concentration in vaginal fluid collected by polyester-tipped applicator is a risk factor for intra-amniotic inflammation/infection and impending preterm delivery in preterm PROM.
Comparative Efficacy of the B-1 and VG/GA Vaccine Strains against Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens (1993)

Groups of eight 1-day-old white rock chickens were vaccinated with either B-1 or VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by eyedrop instillation. Some of the chickens were vaccinated a second time at 17 days of age. Eight groups of chickens vaccinated either once or twice were challenged with the California 1083 strain of velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus (VVNDV) at 30 days of age by either intramuscular injection or eyedrop instillation. One group of unvaccinated control chickens was challenged by eyedrop instillation. All eight unvaccinated controls, two of the 16 B-1 vaccinates, and none of the 16 VG/GA vaccinates died following challenge. There were no obvious differences in pre-challenge serum antibody levels among the vaccinates. Only the twice-vaccinated chickens that were challenged by eyedrop and the unchallenged vaccinates failed to show a marked rise in serum antibody titers. The VG/GA strain of NDV provided protection against the mortality associated with VVNDV challenge similar to that provided by the B-1 strain within the conditions of this experiment.
Deep learning with orthogonal volumetric HED segmentation and 3D surface reconstruction model of prostate MRI (2017)

Automatic MR whole prostate segmentation is a challenging task. Recent approaches have attempted to harness the capabilities of deep learning for MR prostate segmentation to tackle pixel-level labeling tasks. Patch-based and hierarchical features-based deep CNN models were used to delineate the prostate boundary. To further investigate this problem, we introduce a Holistically-Nested Edge Detector (HED) MRI prostate deep learning segmentation and 3D surface reconstruction model that facilitate the registration of multi-parametric MRI with histopathology slides from radical prostatectomy specimens and targeted biopsy specimens. Application of this technique combines deep learning and computer aided design to provide a generalized solution to construct a high-resolution 3D prostate surface from MRI images in three orthogonal views. The performance of the segmentation is evaluated with MRI scans of 100 patients in 4-fold cross-validation. We achieve a mean Dice Similarity of 88.6%.
Electromagnetic Transmission Coefficient-Based Assessment of Tissue State During Microwave Ablation (2022)

Abstract Background: During microwave ablation (MWA), applicators are positioned within/around the target under image guidance, however, real-time monitoring of the ablation zone growth is limited. The tissue dielectric properties change with increasing temperature; therefore, changes in the complex-valued electromagnetic transmission coefficient (s21) between applicators may provide a parameter for ablation monitoring. Objective: To relate the physical state of tissue to the energy transmitted between a pair of directional MWA applicators. Method: We implemented a method for sequential measurement of broadband s21 between two directional MWA applicators operating at 2.45GHz. In each experiment, the input of each applicator was periodically switched between a microwave generator (“heating mode”) and a vector network analyzer (VNA, “monitoring mode”). S-parameters and tissue images after ablation were collected from 19 experiments in fresh ex vivo liver tissue for heating times 53-1200s. From gathered s21, we computed the average transmission coefficient (ATC) and group delay (GD) and related them to tissue state. Results: Both ATC and GD decrease with time and saturate towards the completion of ablation at ~75% and ~96% of the initial value respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated the potential of in-procedure tissue state assessment by monitoring s21 between two directional MWA applicators in ex vivo liver.
Polymer melt lubricated elongational flow (1994)

Use of lubricated skin/core flow of a polymer melt and a hyperbolic shaped converging die are shown to result in essentially pure elongational flow at a constant elongational strain rate. This behavior is demonstrated first by modeling a series of skin/core layered flows: power-law rectangular channel shearing flow; Newtonian fluid converging channel elongational flow; and power-law fluid converging channel elongational flow. Experimental measurements using tracer particles and an image analysis system confirm the predicted behavior and demonstrate the ability to achieve a constant elongational strain rate in the core layer. The constant value is controlled by the volumetric flow rate and die geometry in this confined flow. The viscosity ratio of the core polymer must be at least 100 times that of the core and the converging flow channel must have a specific hyperbolic shape. A Dowex low-density polyethylene skin and a Marlex polypropylene core were used for the experimental measurements and for the rheological parameters used in the modeling.
Direction-Aware Proximity on Graphs (2009)

In many graph mining settings, measuring node proximity is a fundamental problem. While most of existing measurements are (implicitly or explicitly) designed for undirected graphs; edge directions in the graph provide a new perspective to proximity measurement: measuring the proximity from A to B; rather than between A and B. (See Figure 1 as an example). In this chapter, we study the role of edge direction in measuring proximity on graphs. To be specific, we will address the following fundamental research questions in the context of direction-aware proximity: 1. Problem definitions: How to define a directionaware proximity? 2. Computational issues: How to compute the proximity score efficiently? 3. Applications: How can direction-aware proximity benefit graph mining?
Properties and Applications of Commercial Magnetorheological Fluids (1999)

The rheological and magnetic properties of several commercial magnetorheological (MR) fluids are presented and discussed. These fluids are compared using appropriate figures of merit based on conventional design paradigms. Some contemporary applications of MR fluids are discussed. These applications illustrate how various material properties may be balanced to provide optimal performance.
Low-power techniques for flexible channel decoders (2010)

This paper proposes a framework for a low-power design of flexible multi-standard channel decoders which are the most computational demanding blocks of modern communication systems. A power-efficient design envisages hardware level techniques to reduce static power consumption and algorithmic level technique to early stop the iterative decoding when the received information is estimated to be correct. Particularly, the paper focuses on two different stopping rules for Turbo codes which are well-suited for a multi-standard scenario. Simulation results indeed show an achievable power saving ranging from 50% to 80%.
ROS constitute a convergence nexus in the development of IGF1 resistance and impaired wound healing in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (2012)

An indolent non-healing wound and insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) resistance are cardinal features of diabetes, inflammation and hypercortisolemia. Little is known about why these phenomena occur in so many contexts. Do the various triggers that induce insulin and/or IGF1 resistance and retard wound healing act through a common mechanism? Cultured dermal fibroblasts from rats and full-thickness excisional wounds were used as models to test the premise that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a causal role in the development of IGF1 resistance and impaired wound healing under different but pathophysiologically relevant clinical settings, including diabetes, dexamethasone-induced hypercortisolemia and TNFα-induced inflammation. In normal fibroblasts, IGF1 initiated a strong degree of phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) (Tyr612) and Akt (Ser473), concomitantly with increased PI3K activity. This phenomenon seemed to be attenuated in fibroblasts that had phenotypic features of diabetes, inflammation or hypercortisolemia. Notably, these cells also exhibited an increase in the activity of the ROS-phospho-JNK (p-JNK)-p-IRS1 (Ser307) axis. The above-mentioned defects were reflected functionally by attenuation in IGF1-dependent stimulation of key fibroblast functions, including collagen synthesis and cell proliferation, migration and contraction. The effects of IGF1 on glucose disposal and cutaneous wound healing were also impaired in diabetic or hypercortisolemic rats. The ROS suppressors EUK-134 and α-lipoic acid, or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of JNK expression, restored IGF1 sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo, and also ameliorated the impairment in IGF1-mediated wound responses during diabetes, inflammation and hypercortisolemia. Our data advance the notion that ROS constitute a convergence nexus for the development of IGF1 resistance and impaired wound healing under different but pathophysiologically relevant clinical settings, with a proof of concept for the beneficial effect of ROS suppressors.
Intramuscular Migration of Myoblasts Transplanted after Muscle Pretreatment with Metalloproteinases (2000)

The effect of pretreatments of host muscles with metalloproteinases (MMPs) or with notexin on the migration of transplanted myoblasts was investigated. Transgenic TnILacZ mice in which the beta-galactosidase gene is under the control of a quail fast skeletal troponin I gene promoter were used as donors. A polyethylene microtube with four perforations was inserted in the tibialis anterior (TA) of CD1 mice. Both pretreatment substances and cells were slowly injected through that microtube. Muscles were pretreated 2 days before myoblast injection either with a mixture of collagenase, matrilysin, and notexin or with only collagenase and matrilysin or only notexin. As control for our experiments, TnILacZ and C2C12 myoblasts were also injected in TA muscles not pretreated. Comparison of short and long-term myoblast radial migration was performed using a dye (PKH26) and X-gal staining, respectively. The recipient mice were immunosuppressed with FK506. Two days after myoblast transplantation, the cell movement in muscles pretreated with collagenase, matrilysin, and notexin was slightly greater than in muscles pretreated only with collagenase and matrilysin but was about twice that observed in muscles treated with notexin alone. Almost no radial migration of TnILacZ myoblasts was observed in untreated muscles. The C2C12 myoblasts showed a four-to fivefold higher migration capacity than TnILacZ myoblasts. At 15 days after TnILacZ myoblast transplantation, the farthest positive beta-gal muscle fibers show a two- to threefold extension of the initial migration observed at 2 days, demonstrating the ability of myoblasts to continue the migration following all pretreatments and even in the untreated muscles. In addition, more muscle fibers expressed the beta-gal reporter gene in muscles pretreated only with MMPs. Our results clearly demonstrate that muscle pretreatments with MMPs increase myoblast migration and fusion with host muscle fibers after transplantation and that the C2C12 cell line producing MMPs has a higher migratory capacity.