gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video Extrapolation Using Neighboring Frames (2019)

With the popularity of immersive display systems that fill the viewer’s field of view (FOV) entirely, demand for wide FOV content has increased. A video extrapolation technique based on reuse of existing videos is one of the most efficient ways to produce wide FOV content. Extrapolating a video poses a great challenge, however, due to the insufficient amount of cues and information that can be leveraged for the estimation of the extended region. This article introduces a novel framework that allows the extrapolation of an input video and consequently converts a conventional content into one with wide FOV. The key idea of the proposed approach is to integrate the information from all frames in the input video into each frame. Utilizing the information from all frames is crucial because it is very difficult to achieve the goal with a two-dimensional transformation based approach when parallax caused by camera motion is apparent. Warping guided by three-dimensnional scene points matches the viewpoints between the different frames. The matched frames are blended to create extended views. Various experiments demonstrate that the results of the proposed method are more visually plausible than those produced using state-of-the-art techniques.
Design and Synthesis of Near-Infrared Peptide for in Vivo Molecular Imaging of HER2 (2015)

We report the development, characterization, and validation of a peptide specific for the extracellular domain of HER2. This probe chemistry was developed for molecular imaging by using a structural model to select an optimal combination of amino acids that maximize the likelihood for unique hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with HER2 domain 3. The sequence KSPNPRF was identified and conjugated with either FITC or Cy5.5 via a GGGSK linker using Fmoc-mediated solid-phase synthesis to demonstrate flexibility for this chemical structure to be labeled with different fluorophores. A scrambled sequence was developed for control by altering the conformationally rigid spacer and moving both hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids on the C-terminus. We validated peptide specificity for HER2 in knockdown and competition experiments using human colorectal cancer cells in vitro, and measured a binding affinity of kd = 21 nM and time constant of k = 0.14 min(-1) (7.14 min). We used this peptide with either topical or intravenous administration in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer to demonstrate specific uptake in spontaneous adenomas and to show feasibility for real time in vivo imaging with near-infrared fluorescence. We used this peptide in immunofluorescence studies of human proximal colon specimens to evaluate specificity for sessile serrated and sporadic adenomas. Improved visualization can be used endoscopically to guide tissue biopsy and detect premalignant lesions that would otherwise be missed. Our peptide design for specificity to HER2 is promising for clinical translation in molecular imaging methods for early cancer detection.
Method of reducing the energy consumption at the refining of cellulose containing material [Sätt att reducera energikonsumtionen vid raffinering av cellulosahaltigt material] (1987)

Method of reducing the energy consumption at the refining/beating of cellulose-containing material by the addition of alkali to the material for neutralizing acid groups bonded to the fibre wall. A ...
SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Purified Human Leucocyte Interferon and the Antiviral and Anticellular Activities of the Different Interferon Species (1980)

Human leucocyte interferon (HuLeIF) was purified by a series of techniques involving precipitation, gel filtration, Cu-chelate-, blue dextran- and antibody-affinity chromatography. The two major species of HuLeIF were identified in SDS-PAGE as two clearly separable and stainable proteins representing 85% of the biological activity. Three more species of HuLeIF representing 15% of the biological activity were also demonstrated. The specific activity of pure interferon proteins was approx. 10(9) IFU/mg protein. Recovery was about 50% and the purification factor exceeded 350000. All five species of HuLeIF had definite anticellular activities when tested with Daudi cells (inhibition of thymidine uptake).
Solar tracking system (1977)

This report describes an automated solar tracking system which is adaptable to most solar collectors which require alignment with the sun's radiation. The system uses partially shaded photovoltaic solar cells to produce error signals for both elevation and azimuth tracking with a high degree of accuracy. An electrical circuit processes the error signals and controls gearmotors to direct the solar collector toward the sun.
The molecular mechanism of interaction between sushi peptide and Pseudomonas endotoxin. (2006)

Septic shock is caused by Gram-negative bacterial infection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the bioactive molecule present on the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria. It is generally thought that LPS interacts with sensors on the host cell membrane to activate the intracellular signaling pathway resulting in the overproduction of cytokines such as TNF-alpha. This causes inflammation and ultimately, septic shock. Lipid A is the pharmacophore of the LPS molecule. Thus, developing bio-molecules which are capable of binding LPS at high affinity, especially to the lipid A moiety is an efficient way to neutralize the LPS toxicity. Factor C, a serine protease in the horseshoe crab ameobocytes, is sensitive to trace levels of LPS. We have derived Sushi peptides from the LPS-binding domains of Factor C. Our earlier study showed that the Sushi peptides inhibit LPS-induced septic shock in mice. Here, we demonstrate that the molecular interaction between LPS and Sushi 1 peptide is supported by the hydrophobic interaction between the lipid tail of LPS and Sushi 1 peptide. Furthermore, in the presence of LPS, the peptide transitions from a random structure into an alpha-helical conformation and it disrupts LPS aggregates, hence, neutralizing the LPS toxicity.
Advances in smart antennas - Cooperative wireless communications: a cross-layer approach (2006)

This article outlines one way to address these problems by using the notion of cooperation between wireless nodes. In cooperative communications, multiple nodes in a wireless network work together to form a virtual antenna array. Using cooperation, it is possible to exploit the spatial diversity of the traditional MIMO techniques without each node necessarily having multiple antennas. Multihop networks use some form of cooperation by enabling intermediate nodes to forward the message from source to destination. However, cooperative communication techniques described in this article are fundamentally different in that the relaying nodes can forward the information fully or in part. Also the destination receives multiple versions of the message from the source, and one or more relays and combines these to obtain a more reliable estimate of the transmitted signal as well as higher data rates. The main advantages of cooperative communications are presented.
Fluoride and Osteoporosis (1989)

There is substantial evidence that fluoride could play a major role in the treatment of established osteoporosis. If properly applied, this treatment could augment vertebral bone mass and inhibit fractures.
Glass-ceramic hermetic seals to high thermal expansion metals (1987)

A process for forming glass-ceramic materials from an alkaline silica-lithia glass composition comprising 60-72 mole-% SiO/sub 2/, 18-27 mole-% Li/sub 2/O, 0-5 mole-% Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, 0-6 mole-% K/sub 2/O, 0-3 mole-% B/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and 0.5-2.5 mole-% P/sub 2/O/sub 5/, which comprises heating said glass composition at a first temperature within the 950-1050/degree/C range for 5-60 minutes, and then at a devitrification temperature within the 700-900/degree/C range for about 5-300 minutes to obtain a glass-ceramic having a thermal expansion coefficient of up to 210 x 10/sup /minus/7///degree/C. These ceramics form strong, hermetic seals with high expansion metals such as stainless steel alloys. An intermediate nucleation heating step conducted at a temperature within the range of 675-750/degree/C for 10-120 minutes may be employed between the first stage and the devitrification stage. 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Oxidation of levulinic acid for the production of maleic anhydride: breathing new life into biochemicals (2015)

Advanced biofuels have to date failed to compete with their petrochemical equivalents. Herein, we explore alternative, emerging opportunities in commodity chemical markets by presenting a novel bio-based approach for the production of maleic anhydride.
Recent progress in nonpolar LEDs as polarized light emitters (2008)

Abstract The present article provides an overview of developments in nonpolar‐oriented GaN‐based materials as polarized light emitters over the past 15 years. The strong interest in nonpolar materials emerged around 1996, but nonpolar‐oriented light‐emitting diodes were not demonstrated until 2004. The later technological key achievement was the commercialization of nonpolar‐oriented bulk GaN substrates; it is now feasible to discuss the electronic band structure of such high‐quality nonpolar GaN as well as device applications of polarized light emitters. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fast reconstruction with uniform noise properties in halfscan computed tomography (2000)

The hybrid algorithms developed recently for the reconstruction of fan-beam images possess computational and noise properties superior to those of the fan-beam filtered backprojection (FFBP) algorithm. However, the hybrid algorithms cannot be applied directly to a halfscan fan-beam sinogram because they require knowledge of a fullscan fan-beam sinogram. In this work, we developed halfscan-hybrid algorithms for image reconstruction in halfscan computed tomography (CT). Numerical evaluation indicates that the proposed halfscan-hybrid algorithms are computationally more efficient than are the widely used halfscan-FFBP algorithms. Also, the results of quantitative studies demonstrated clearly that the noise levels in images reconstructed by use of the halfscan-hybrid algorithm are generally lower and spatially more uniform than are those in images reconstructed by use of the halfscan-FFBP algorithm. Such reduced and uniform image noise levels may be translated into improvement of the accuracy and precision of lesion detection and parameter estimation in noisy CT images without increasing the radiation dose to the patient. Therefore, the halfscan-hybrid algorithms may have significant implication for image reconstruction in conventional and helical CT.
Hidden features of the catalyst nanoparticles favorable for single-walled carbon nanotube growth (2007)

Combining in situ studies of the catalyst activity during single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth by mass spectrometry with differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy results, the authors expose the favorable features of small catalyst for SWCNT growth and their relationship with synthesis parameters. The sequential introduction of C12 and C13 labeled hydrocarbon reveals the influence of catalyst composition on its lifetime and the growth termination path. Ab initio and molecular dynamics simulations corroborate “V”-shape liquidus line of metal-carbon nanoparticle binary phase diagram, which explains observed carbon-induced solid-liquid-solid phase transitions during nanotube growth.
MUSE: A Methodology for Quantifying Spectrum Usage (2016)

Dynamic spectrum sharing paradigm is envisaged to meet the growing demand for the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. There exist several technical, regulatory, and business impediments for adopting the new paradigm. To address these challenges, we need the ability to characterize and quantify the use of spectrum. In this paper, we propose MUSE, a methodology to characterize and quantify the use of spectrum in the space, time, and frequency dimensions. MUSE characterizes the use of spectrum by a transmitter at a point in terms of the RF power occupied by the transmitter. It characterizes the use of spectrum by a receiver at a point in terms of the constraints on the RF-power that can be occupied by any of the transmitters in the system in order to ensure successful reception. It divides the spectrum-space into discrete unit-spectrum-spaces and quantifies the spectrum used by the individual transceivers in the discretized spectrum space. To bring in simplicity, precision, and efficiency to dynamic spectrum sharing, we emphasize on articulating, defining, and enforcing the quantified spectrum-access rights in the discretized spectrum-space.
Frequency combs enable rapid and high-resolution multidimensional coherent spectroscopy (2017)

Dual laser frequency combs can rapidly measure high-resolution linear absorption spectra. However, one-dimensional linear techniques cannot distinguish the sources of resonances in a mixture of different analytes, nor can they separate inhomogeneous and homogeneous broadening. Here, we overcame these limitations by acquiring high-resolution multidimensional nonlinear coherent spectra with frequency combs. We experimentally differentiated and assigned the Doppler-broadened features of two naturally occurring isotopes of rubidium atoms (<sup>87</sup>Rb and <sup>85</sup>Rb) according to the placement of their hyperfine energy states in a two-dimensional spectrum.
Region Competition via Local Watershed Operators (2005)

In this paper, we propose a segmentation algorithm which combines the ideas from local watershed transforms and the region based deformable models. Traditionally, watersheds are computed in the whole image and then some region merging techniques are applied on them to reach the segmentation of structures. We propose that watershed regions can be used as operators in region-based deformable models. These regions are computed only when the deformable models reach them. Then, they are added to (or subtracted from) the deformable models via a measure computed from two terms: (i) statistical fit of regions to the models, region competition; (ii) smoothness of such fits, smoothness constraint. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient because it operates on regions instead of pixels. In addition, this algorithm allows better boundary localization due to the edge information brought by watersheds. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can handle topological changes, e.g., split or merge, during the evolutions without an additional embedded surface as in the case of level set formulation. Furthermore, structure-based smoothness of segmented objects is obtained by using the smoothness term computed from the alignment of regions. We illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique on several medical data such as MRA and CTA data.
Macroscopic optical imaging technique for wide-field estimation of fluorescence depth in optically turbid media for application in brain tumor surgical guidance (2015)

A diffuse imaging method is presented that enables wide-field estimation of the depth of fluorescent molecular markers in turbid media by quantifying the deformation of the detected fluorescence spectra due to the wavelength-dependent light attenuation by overlying tissue. This is achieved by measuring the ratio of the fluorescence at two wavelengths in combination with normalization techniques based on diffuse reflectance measurements to evaluate tissue attenuation variations for different depths. It is demonstrated that fluorescence topography can be achieved up to a 5 mm depth using a near-infrared dye with millimeter depth accuracy in turbid media having optical properties representative of normal brain tissue. Wide-field depth estimates are made using optical technology integrated onto a commercial surgical microscope, making this approach feasible for real-world applications.
Dihydroartemisinin Is Cytotoxic to Papillomavirus-Expressing Epithelial Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> (2005)

Nearly all cervical cancers are etiologically attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and pharmaceutical treatments targeting HPV-infected cells would be of great medical benefit. Because many neoplastic cells (including cervical cancer cells) overexpress the transferrin receptor to increase their iron uptake, we hypothesized that iron-dependent, antimalarial drugs such as artemisinin might prove useful in treating HPV-infected or transformed cells. We tested three different artemisinin compounds and found that dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and artesunate displayed strong cytotoxic effects on HPV-immortalized and transformed cervical cells in vitro with little effect on normal cervical epithelial cells. DHA-induced cell death involved activation of the mitochondrial caspase pathway with resultant apoptosis. Apoptosis was p53 independent and was not the consequence of drug-induced reductions in viral oncogene expression. Due to its selective cytotoxicity, hydrophobicity, and known ability to penetrate epithelial surfaces, we postulated that DHA might be useful for the topical treatment of mucosal papillomavirus lesions. To test this hypothesis, we applied DHA to the oral mucosa of dogs that had been challenged with the canine oral papillomavirus. Although applied only intermittently, DHA strongly inhibited viral-induced tumor formation. Interestingly, the DHA-treated, tumor-negative dogs developed antibodies against the viral L1 capsid protein, suggesting that DHA had inhibited tumor growth but not early rounds of papillomavirus replication. These findings indicate that DHA and other artemisinin derivatives may be useful for the topical treatment of epithelial papillomavirus lesions, including those that have progressed to the neoplastic state.
Development of Heparin Antagonists with Focused Biological Activity (1999)

Heparin, a complex glycosaminoglycan, has long been used to temporarily render the blood incoagulable during extracorporeal circulation, cardiovascular surgery, and other arterial interventions. But bleeding complications are especially common when the arterial tree is violated, occurring in as many as 10-15% of cases. For cardiovascular surgery and many related interventions, protamine has long been the standard antagonist when acute and complete neutralization of heparin s anticoagulant effect is necessary. Protamine s efficacy is related in part to its total net cationic charge, but unfortunately so is its toxicity. For these reasons, there is renewed interest in developing heparin antagonists which will replace the use of protamine. At Commonwealth Biotechnologies, Inc., we have used a rationale design approach for the preparation of a family of low molecular weight helix peptides which bind heparin with high affinity. For each of the new compounds, we have assessed their ability to bind heparin using isothermal titration calorimetry and circular dichroism spectrometry and have examined potential complexes formed with the anticoagulant pentasaccharide unit of heparin using molecular modeling techniques. The biological potencies of these compounds were assessed in ex vivo experiments where their ability to compete with antithrombin for binding heparin was determined. The best of the compounds, designated HepArrestTM, is highly effective in reversing heparin-mediated and HepArrest is a safer drug than protamine because of reduced adverse hemodynamic side effects compared with those associated with protamine. HepArrest binds low molecular weight heparins and causes reversal of anticoagulation by low molecular weight heparins, as determined by activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, or factor Xa neutralization assays. These highly promising preclinical results indicate that HepArrest is a novel heparin neutralizing agent that may well fill a substantial unmet need for vascular surgeons and cardiac anesthesiologists who perform coronary artery bypass grafts and several other major vascular surgeries, as well as for cardiologists and interventional radiologists.
InP/InGaAs buried-structure avalanche photodiodes (1984)

Planar InP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with a new guardring structure have been designed and fabricated. The diodes had a buried n-InP layer and an n−-InP multiplication region under p-n junctions. A successful guardring effect was obtained. The diode exhibited a uniform multiplication over the active region, a maximum multiplication factor of 30, low dark currents of around 20 nA at 90% of breakdown voltage and a flat frequency response up to 1 GHz. Multiplication noise was measured up to a multiplication factor of 17.
Modifications of cellulose synthase confer resistance to isoxaben and thiazolidinone herbicides in <i>Arabidopsis Ixr1</i> mutants (2001)

In many higher plants, cellulose synthesis is inhibited by isoxaben and thiazolidinone herbicides such as 5-tert-butyl-carbamoyloxy-3-(3-trifluromethyl) phenyl-4-thiazolidinone. Semidominant mutations at the IXR1 and IXR2 loci of Arabidopsis confer isoxaben and thiazolidinone resistance. Isolation of the IXR1 gene by map-based cloning revealed that it encodes the AtCESA3 isoform of cellulose synthase. The two known mutant alleles contain point mutations that replace glycine 998 with aspartic acid, and threonine 942 with isoleucine, respectively. The mutations occur in a highly conserved region of the enzyme near the carboxyl terminus that is well separated from the proposed active site. Although the IXR1 gene is expressed in the same cells as the structurally related RSW1 (AtCESA1) cellulose synthase gene, these two CESA genes are not functionally redundant.
Functionalization of poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (1993)

Bromomethyl and dibromomethyl substituted poly(aryl ether ether ketone) have been prepared from methyl poly(aryl ether ether ketone) by bromination with bromine. These brominated polymers are intermediates that can be further functionalized by: hydrolysis, oxidation, substitution etc. A series of new functionalized PEEK polymers has been prepared. The functional group includes -CH{sub 2}OH, -CH{sub 2}OCH{sub 3}, -CHO, -COOH, -COOCH{sub 3}, -CH{sub 2}CN, -CH{sub 2}COOH, -CH{sub 2}OCOCH{sub 3}, -CH{sub 2}N{sup +}H(CH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}){sub 2}Br{sup {minus}}, -CH{sub 2}N(CH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}){sub 2}, -CH{sub 2}N{sup +}H(CH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}){sub 3}Br{sup {minus}}.
Biomarkers for progression from latent to active tuberculosis identified in multiplexed proteomic assay (SOMAscan™) of human plasma (MPF6P.657) (2015)

Abstract Background: Biomarkers of progression from latent to active tuberculosis (TB) would be very useful for targeted treatment or priority enrollment in TB vaccine trials. Methods:A highly multiplexed proteomic assay (SOMAscan) was used to measure over 3000 human proteins in plasma from adolescents infected with M. tuberculosis.We compared proteomic data in longitudinally collected samples (six-month intervals over two years) from 97 individuals, 29 of whom developed active TB (progressors) and 68 matched controls who remained healthy. Bioinformatics algorithms were applied to discover biomarkers of TB risk. Results:Among the top host biomarkers distinguishing progressors from controls were 17 proteins, and these factors were used for model building to predict TB risk. An 8-marker model gave a cross-validated performance of 76% sensitivity and 86% specificity (AUC=0.86). The individual markers had variable responsiveness at time-points closer to TB diagnosis. The model identified progressors up to 540 days prior to TB diagnosis, with elevated logOdds for developing active TB. In contrast, a previously obtained host response signature for active pulmonary TB detected progressors up to 180 days prior to diagnosis. Conclusions:The discovery of TB-risk biomarkers indicates that subjects who eventually progress to TB disease can be identified well before clinical diagnosis of TB, and thus enables potential triage for targeted treatment or priority enrollment in TB vaccine trials.