gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Sesquiterpene Lactone Extract from Chicory (<i>Cichorium intybus</i> L.) Roots (2007)

A chicory root extract rich in sesquiterpene lactones significantly reduced inflammation in two animal models. In a rat paw edema model, chicory extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced inflammation by 58 and 76%, respectively, 24 h after carrageenan injection. In a mouse collagen induced arthritis model, chicory extract (200 mg/kg) reduced paw edema by 71% while the extract was being administered, and 31% 48 h after extract administration was discontinued. Two possible modes of action were investigated, pro-inflammatory gene expression and nitric oxide production by LPS-elicited macrophages. Chicory root extract down-regulated COX-2, TNF-α, IL1β, and iNOS expression and reduced nitric oxide production in a dose dependant manner. Several compounds were isolated from the chicory extract and tested in vitro to confirm activity. Dihydrolactucopicrin and 8-deoxylactucin showed particularly high nitric oxide inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 13 μM for both). Dihydrolactucopicrin also was shown to down-regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression. These data demonstrate that chicory extracts rich in sesquiterpene lactones have potent anti-inflammatory activity with potential therapeutic use.
Betulinic Acid and Dihydrobetulinic Acid Derivatives as Potent Anti-HIV Agents (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTBetulinic Acid and Dihydrobetulinic Acid Derivatives as Potent Anti-HIV Agents 1Yoshiki Kashiwada, Fumio Hashimoto, L. Mark Cosentino, Chin-Ho Chen, Patricia E. Garrett, and Kuo-Hsiung LeeView Author Information Natural Products Laboratory, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, Biotech Research Laboratories, 3 Taft Court, Rockville, Maryland 20850, Boston Biomedica, Inc., 375 West Street, West Bridgewater, Massachusetts 02379, and Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 5, 1016–1017Publication Date (Web):March 1, 1996Publication History Received19 December 1995Published online1 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jm950922qCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2236Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (107 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Assays,DNA replication,Inhibition,Modification,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Hybrid near-field acoustic holography (2003)

Hybrid near-field acoustical holography (NAH) is developed for reconstructing acoustic radiation from an arbitrary object in a cost-effective manner. This hybrid NAH is derived from a modified Helmholtz equation least squares (HELS) formula that expands the acoustic pressure in terms of outgoing and incoming waves. The expansion coefficients are determined by solving an overdetermined linear system of equations obtained by matching the assumed-form solution to measured acoustic pressures through the least squares. Measurements are taken over a conformal surface around a source at close range so that the evanescent waves can be captured. Next, the modified HELS is utilized to regenerate as much acoustic pressures on the conformal surface as necessary and take them as input to the Helmholtz integral formulation implemented numerically by boundary element method (BEM). The acoustic pressures and normal velocities on the source surface are reconstructed by using a modified Tikhnov regularization (TR) with its regularization parameter determined by generalized cross validation (GCV) method. Results demonstrate that this hybrid NAH combines the advantages of HELS and inverse BEM. This is because a majority of the input data are regenerated but not measured, thus the efficiency of reconstruction is greatly enhanced. Meanwhile, the accuracy of reconstruction is ensured by the Helmholtz integral theory and modified TR together with GCV method, provided that HELS converges fast enough on the measurement surface. Numerical examples of reconstructing acoustic quantities on the surface of a simplified engine block are demonstrated. [Work supported by NSF.]
Virus–Polymer Hybrid Nanowires Tailored to Detect Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (2012)

We demonstrate the de novo fabrication of a biosensor, based upon virus-containing poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires, that detects prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). This development process occurs in three phases: (1) isolation of a M13 virus with a displayed polypeptide receptor, from a library of ≈10(11) phage-displayed peptides, which binds PSMA with high affinity and selectivity, (2) microfabrication of PEDOT nanowires that entrain these virus particles using the lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE) method, and (3) electrical detection of the PSMA in high ionic strength (150 mM salt) media, including synthetic urine, using an array of virus-PEDOT nanowires with the electrical resistance of these nanowires for transduction. The electrical resistance of an array of these nanowires increases linearly with the PSMA concentration from 20 to 120 nM in high ionic strength phosphate-buffered fluoride (PBF) buffer, yielding a limit of detection (LOD) for PSMA of 56 nM.
Magnetic micropillar sensors for force sensing (2015)

A force sensor system consisting of bioinspired, magnetic and highly elastic micropillars integrated on a magnetic field sensing element is reported. The micro-pillars are made of a nanocomposite consisting of magnetic nanowires incorporated into polydimethylsiloxane. The permanent magnetic behavior of the nanowires allows remote operation without an additional magnetic field to magnetize the nanowires, which simplifies miniaturization and system integration. We demonstrate the potential of this concept by realizing a tactile sensing element. The developed sensor element operates at power consumption of 75 μW and has a detection range between 0-120 kPa and a resolution of 2.7 kPa, which can easily be tuned in a wide range.
Perspectives on clinical magnetic particle imaging (2013)

After realizing the worlds' first preclinical magnetic particle imaging (MPI) demonstrator, Philips is now realizing the worlds' first whole-body clinical prototype to prove the feasibility of MPI for clinical imaging. After a brief introduction of the basic MPI imaging process, this contribution presents an overview on the determining factors for key properties, i.e., spatial resolution, acquisition speed, sensitivity, and quantitativeness, and how these properties are influenced by scaling up from preclinical to clinical instrumentation. Furthermore, it is discussed how this scale up affects the physiological compatibility of the method as well as hardware parameters such as power requirements for drive field generation, selection and focus field generation, and the design of the receive chain of the MPI device.
435‐bp liver regulatory sequence in the liver fatty acid binding protein (L‐FABP) gene is sufficient to modulate liver regional expression in transgenic zebrafish (2003)

Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is a small protein that is thought to play an important role in the intracellular binding and trafficking of long chain fatty acids in the liver. Expression of the gene encoding the zebrafish liver fatty acid binding protein is regulated by a 435-bp distal region (-1944 to -1510) of the L-FABP promoter. The 435-bp sequence is sufficient for gene activation in the liver primordia (or bud) and continues to be active in the adult liver when positioned adjacent to the SV40 basal promoter and linked directly to green fluorescent protein. The 435-bp sequence region has two distinct liver regulatory elements, A (-1944 to -1623) and B (-1622 to -1510), and contains multiple putative consensus binding sites. The element A sequence includes two consensus HFH and one HNF-1alpha site and the element B sequence includes one consensus HNF-3beta site. Deletion of an internal 435-bp fragment (-1944 to -1510) including the A and B elements totally ablated the liver-specific activity of the zebrafish L-FABP gene promoter. Deletion of either of the two elements reduces the liver activity. Mutation of the HNF-1alpha site or either of the two HFH sites in the A element or the HNF-3beta site in the B element significantly altered specificity in the liver primordia of transient expression embryos. The importance of the HNF-1alpha consensus binding site in the A element and the HNF-3beta consensus binding site in the B element within the 435-bp distal region of the L-FABP promoter region suggests that combinatorial interactions between multiple regulatory factors are responsible for the gene expression of L-FABP in the liver.
Façade: virtual storage devices with performance guarantees (2003)

High-end storage systems, such as those in large data centers, must service multiple independent workloa&amp;. Workloa&amp; often require predictable quality of service, deslite the fact that they have to compete with other rapidly-changing workloads for access to common storage resources. We present a novel approach to providing performance guarantees in this highly-volatile scenario, in an efficient and cost-effective way. Facade, a virtual store controller, sits between hosts and storage devices in the network, and throttles individual I/0 requests from multiple clients so that devices do not saturate. We implemented a prototype, and evaluated it using real workloads on an enterprise storage system. We also instantiated it to the particular case of emulating commercial disk arrays. Our results show that Facade satisfies performance objectives while making efficient use of the storage resources---even in the presence of of failures and bursty workloads with stringent performance requirements.
Silicon-film™ solar cells by a flexible manufacturing system (1999)

AstroPower is developing a manufacturing process for the production of large-area Silicon-Film™ solar cells under an NREL-administered PVMaT cost-share program. Recent work has focused on new processes and equipment capable of handling very large Silicon-Film™ planks in a low-cost, high-throughput, production environment. New solar cell processes developed include continuous large-area junction diffusion and AR coating. Processes under development include metallization and chemical etching. Large area plank-based processes give a high degree of flexibility, allowing the fabrication of solar cells 100 cm2 to 900 cm2 on the same production line.
Memory efficient ray tracing with hierarchical mesh quantization (2010)

We present a lossily compressed acceleration structure for ray tracing that encodes the bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) and the triangles of a scene together in a single unified data structure. Total memory consumption of our representation is smaller than previous comparable methods by a factor of 1.7 to 4.8, and it achieves performance similar to the fastest uncompressed data structures. We store quantized vertex positions as local offsets to the leaf bounding box planes and encode them in bit strings. Triangle connectivity is represented as a sequence of strips inside the leaf nodes. The BVH is stored in a compact quantized format. We describe techniques for efficient implementation using register SIMD instructions (SSE). Hierarchical mesh quantization (HMQ) with 16 bits of accuracy achieves an average compression rate of 5.7: 1 in comparison to a BVH and an indexed face set. The performance impact is only 11 percent for packet tracing and 17 percent for single ray path tracing on average.
ChemInform Abstract: Neuroleptics from the 4a,9b‐trans‐2,3,4,4a,5,9b‐Hexahydro‐1H‐pyrido‐(4,3‐b)indole Series. Part 3. Carboxamidoalkyl Derivatives. (1987)

ChemInformVolume 18, Issue 11 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Neuroleptics from the 4a,9b-trans-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-Hexahydro-1H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indole Series. Part 3. Carboxamidoalkyl Derivatives. W. M. WELCH, W. M. WELCH Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. A. HARBERT, C. A. HARBERT Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this authorR. SARGES, R. SARGES Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. WEISSMAN, A. WEISSMAN Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this authorB. K. KOE, B. K. KOE Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this author W. M. WELCH, W. M. WELCH Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this authorC. A. HARBERT, C. A. HARBERT Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this authorR. SARGES, R. SARGES Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this authorA. WEISSMAN, A. WEISSMAN Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this authorB. K. KOE, B. K. KOE Dep. Med. Chem., Pfizer Central Res. Lab., Groton, CT 06340, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: March 17, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198711191AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume18, Issue11March 17, 1987 RelatedInformation
A new makeup remover prepared with a system comprising dual continuous channels (bicontinuous phase) of silicone oil and water (2005)

Removing makeup is considered to be the first step in the skincare process. Makeup that has served its purpose is a kind of impurity that should ideally be removed completely to maximize the effects of skincare products applied afterwards. However, the use of silicone resins has significantly improved the long‐lasting property of makeup with the result that makeup can hardly be removed efficiently either with surfactant‐type cleansers like soaps or with oil‐based cleansers like liquid crystalline cleansers. Furthermore, oil‐based makeup removers do not leave the skin feeling fresh but oily, and often have been used in combination with surfactant‐type cleansers. In other words, complete makeup removal and a fresh skin feel are considered to be incompatible in conventional formulation technologies. To obtain compatible systems, we investigated the applicability of a system known as the bicontinuous phase and eventually succeeded in developing a novel system for a makeup remover. This phase can be prepared with a specific composition with a complete hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance in an oil/surfactant/water system by using cyclo‐siloxane, which dissolves silicone resin well. The bicontinuous phase has an oil‐ and water‐continuous microstructure, showing affinity for both aqueous and oily substances. This bicontinuous phase was applied to the development of a novel makeup remover. Determination of remover cap‐ability and fresh skin feel revealed that the makeup could be completely removed and that the amount of oil remaining on skin surface after wash‐off was much less than with previous oil‐based removers. The results of the sensory test also supported the finding that the remover was far superior to conventional products. This makeup remover is the first example of the application of the bicontinuous phase technology to a cosmetic product and clearly seems to provide the best conditions for subsequent skin care, meaning that it is suitable for the first step in the skincare process.
Photoacoustic detection and localization of small gas leaks (1999)

Leak detection and localization are critical manufacturing quality-control processes. Many industrial and domestic machines use or convey pressurized gases or liquids. Unintended leaks from machine components may be detrimental to consumers, manufacturers, and the environment. This paper describes a leak detection technique based on photoacoustic sounds produced by the interaction of a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser tuned to 10.6 micrometers and a photoactive tracer gas, sulfur hexaflouride (SF6), emitted by calibrated leak sources. Acoustic signals generated by a high-speed scan of the laser beam through the cloud of tracer gas formed near the leak are recorded in a bandwidth from 3 to 52 kHz by multiple microphones. From the recorded signals, the presence or absence of a leak may be deduced by comparison with the background noise level at the signal frequencies, which occur at the harmonics of the scan rate. When a leak is present, its location is determined from a simple model of the acoustic environment and matched field processing (MFP). Current results show that a gas leak of 1 cm3 per day can be detected and localized to within +/- 3 mm in a few seconds using four microphones, placed 0.41 m from the leak location, and an incoherent average of the MFP ambiguity surfaces at eight signal frequencies. Comparisons of the Bartlett and minimum-variance-distortionless matched field processors are also presented.
Super SloMo: High Quality Estimation of Multiple Intermediate Frames for Video Interpolation (2017)

Given two consecutive frames, video interpolation aims at generating intermediate frame(s) to form both spatially and temporally coherent video sequences. While most existing methods focus on single-frame interpolation, we propose an end-to-end convolutional neural network for variable-length multi-frame video interpolation, where the motion interpretation and occlusion reasoning are jointly modeled. We start by computing bi-directional optical flow between the input images using a U-Net architecture. These flows are then linearly combined at each time step to approximate the intermediate bi-directional optical flows. These approximate flows, however, only work well in locally smooth regions and produce artifacts around motion boundaries. To address this shortcoming, we employ another U-Net to refine the approximated flow and also predict soft visibility maps. Finally, the two input images are warped and linearly fused to form each intermediate frame. By applying the visibility maps to the warped images before fusion, we exclude the contribution of occluded pixels to the interpolated intermediate frame to avoid artifacts. Since none of our learned network parameters are time-dependent, our approach is able to produce as many intermediate frames as needed. We use 1,132 video clips with 240-fps, containing 300K individual video frames, to train our network. Experimental results on several datasets, predicting different numbers of interpolated frames, demonstrate that our approach performs consistently better than existing methods.
Measurement of a multi-layered tear film phantom using optical coherence tomography and statistical decision theory (2014)

To extend our understanding of tear film dynamics for the management of dry eye disease, we propose a method to optically sense the tear film and estimate simultaneously the thicknesses of the lipid and aqueous layers. The proposed method, SDT-OCT, combines ultra-high axial resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a robust estimator based on statistical decision theory (SDT) to achieve thickness measurements at the nanometer scale. Unlike conventional Fourier-domain OCT where peak detection of layers occurs in Fourier space, in SDT-OCT thickness is estimated using statistical decision theory directly on the raw spectra acquired with the OCT system. In this paper, we demonstrate in simulation that a customized OCT system tailored to ~1 µm axial point spread function (FWHM) in the corneal tissue, combined with the maximum-likelihood estimator, can estimate thicknesses of the nanometer-scale lipid and micron-scale aqueous layers of the tear film, simultaneously, with nanometer precision. This capability was validated in experiments using a physical phantom that consists of two layers of optical coatings that mimic the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film.
Transplantation of a tyrosine editing domain into a tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase variant enhances its specificity for a tyrosine analog (2008)

To guarantee specific tRNA and amino acid pairing, several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases correct aminoacylation errors by deacylating or "editing" misaminoacylated tRNA. A previously developed variant of Escherichia coli tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (iodoTyrRS) esterifies or "charges" tRNA(Tyr) with a nonnatural amino acid, 3-iodo-l-tyrosine, and with l-tyrosine less efficiently. In the present study, the editing domain of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) was transplanted into iodoTyrRS to edit tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) and thereby improve the overall specificity for 3-iodo-l-tyrosine. The beta-subunit fragments of the PheRSs from Pyrococcus horikoshii and two bacteria were tested for editing activity. The isolated B3/4 editing domain of the archaeal PheRS, which was exogenously added to the tyrosylation reaction with iodoTyrRS, efficiently reduced the production of tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr). In addition, the transplantation of this domain into iodoTyrRS at the N terminus prevented tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr) production most strongly among the tested fragments. We next transplanted this archaeal B3/4 editing domain into iodoTyrRS at several internal positions. Transplantation into the connective polypeptide in the Rossmann-fold domain generated a variant that efficiently charges tRNA(Tyr) with 3-iodo-l-tyrosine, but hardly produces tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr). This variant, iodoTyrRS-ed, was used, together with an amber suppressor derived from tRNA(Tyr), in a wheat germ cell-free translation system and incorporated 3-iodo-l-tyrosine, but not l-tyrosine, in response to the amber codon. Thus, the editing-domain transplantation achieved unambiguous pairing between the tRNA and the nonnatural amino acid in an expanded genetic code.
3D Printing: Embedded 3D Printing of Strain Sensors within Highly Stretchable Elastomers (Adv. Mater. 36/2014) (2014)

R. J. Wood, J. A. Lewis, and co-workers report on page 6307 a new method for fabricating strain sensors within highly conformal and extensible elastomeric matrices, known as embedded-3D printing. Credit: Y. Bai, J. Muth and J. Lewis, Harvard University.