gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Awareness of Organizational Expertise (2002)

Abstract This article describes automated tools for increasing organizational awareness within a global enterprise. The MITRE Corporation is the context for this work; however, the tools and techniques are general and should apply to a wide variety of distributed, heterogeneous organizations. These tools provide awareness of team members and materials in virtual collaboration environments as well as support for automated discovery of distributed experts. The results are embodied in 3 systems: MITRE's Collaborative Virtual Workspace (CVW), Expert Finder, and XpertNet. CVW is a place-based collaboration environment that enables team members to find one another and work together. Expert Finder is an expert skill finder that exploits the intellectual products created within an organization to support automated expertise identification. XpertNet addresses the problem of detecting extant or emerging classes of expertise without a priori knowledge of their existence. Both Expert Finder and XpertNet combine to detect and track experts and expert communities within a complex work environment. After describing the background of knowledge management at MITRE, this article describes the architecture and use of collaboration and expert finder systems to enhance organizational awareness, provides some principles of expertise, and concludes with an outline of future research directions.
Continuous propionic acid fermentation by immobilized <i>Propionibacterium acidipropionici</i> in a novel packed‐bed bioreactor (1992)

Continuous propionic acid fermentations of lactate by Propionibacterium acidipropionici were studied in spiral wound fibrous bed bioreactors. Cells were imobilized by natural attachment to fiber surfaces and entrapment in the void volume within the fibrous matrix. A high cell density of approximately 37 g/L was attained in the reactor and the reactor productivity was approximately 4 times higher than that from a conventional batch fermentation. The bioreactor was able to operate continuously for 4 months without encountering any clogging, degeneration, or contamination problems. Also, the reactor could accept low-nutrient and low-pH feed without sacrificing much in reactor productivity. This new type of immobilized cell bioreactor is scalable and thus is suitable for industrial production of propionate.
Increased Neuron Number and Head Size in Autism (2011)

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Fuzzy Query Based on XML Element and Correlation (2012)

A new approach based on XML element and correlation was proposed to reflect users' fuzzy query intention. Based on the fuzzy sets theory, a fuzzy extension of XPath query expression was proposed, which can be expressed exploiting fuzzy predicates. Then fuzzy query relaxations were provided to get more querying results, which satisfy users' query requests. The proposed scoring method uses an extended vector space model, which considers the element correlation and inverse element frequency, when ranking these query results. According to the matching results, the elements whose scores are greater than the threshold are query results. Finally, the efficiency of the approach is demonstrated by experimental results.
Liraglutide and obesity: a review of the data so far (2015)

The prevalence of obesity worldwide has nearly doubled since 1980 with current estimates of 2.1 billion in 2013. Overweight and obesity lead to numerous adverse conditions including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain cancers. The worldwide spread of obesity and associated comorbidities not only threatens quality of life but also presents a significant economic burden. While bariatric surgery has proven to be a viable treatment option for the morbidly obese, there is clearly a need for less invasive alternatives. Recent research has suggested that long-acting analogs of the gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), may have potential as an antiobesity treatment. The GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide (trade name Saxenda), was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an obesity treatment option and shown in clinical trials to be effective in reducing and sustaining body weight loss. This review presents the basis for GLP-1-based therapies with a specific focus on animal and human studies examining liraglutide's effects on food intake and body weight.
<i>Fgf8</i>is required for pharyngeal arch and cardiovascular development in the mouse (2002)

We present here an analysis of cardiovascular and pharyngeal arch development in mouse embryos hypomorphic for Fgf8. Previously, we have described the generation of Fgf8 compound heterozygous (Fgf8(neo/-)) embryos. Although early analysis demonstrated that some of these embryos have abnormal left-right (LR) axis specification and cardiac looping reversals, the number and type of cardiac defects present at term suggested an additional role for Fgf8 in cardiovascular development. Most Fgf8(neo/-) mutant embryos survive to term with abnormal cardiovascular patterning, including outflow tract, arch artery and intracardiac defects. In addition, these mutants have hypoplastic pharyngeal arches, small or absent thymus and abnormal craniofacial development. Neural crest cells (NCCs) populate the pharyngeal arches and contribute to many structures of the face, neck and cardiovascular system, suggesting that Fgf8 may be required for NCC development. Fgf8 is expressed within the developing pharyngeal arch ectoderm and endoderm during NCC migration through the arches. Analysis of NCC development in Fgf8(neo/-) mutant embryos demonstrates that NCCs are specified and migrate, but undergo cell death in areas both adjacent and distal to where Fgf8 is normally expressed. This study defines the cardiovascular defects present in Fgf8 mutants and supports a role for Fgf8 in development of all the pharyngeal arches and in NCC survival.
Dopamine D3 Receptor Modulates l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia by Targeting D1 Receptor-Mediated Striatal Signaling (2015)

The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) belongs to the dopamine D2-like receptor family and is principally located in the ventral striatum. However, previous studies reported D3R overexpression in the dorsal striatum following l-DOPA treatment in parkinsonian animals. This fact has drawn attention in the importance of D3R in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Here, we used D3R knockout mice to assess the role of D3R in LID and rotational sensitization in the hemiparkinsonian model. Mice lacking D3R presented a reduction in dyskinesia without interfering with the antiparkinsonian l-DOPA effect and were accompanied by a reduction in the l-DOPA-induced rotations. Interestingly, deleting D3R attenuated important molecular markers in the D1R-neurons such as FosB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and histone-3 (H3)-activation. Colocalization studies in D1R-tomato and D2R-green fluorescent protein BAC-transgenic mice indicated that l-DOPA-induced D3R overexpression principally occurs in D1R-containing neurons although it is also present in the D2R-neurons. Moreover, D3R pharmacological blockade with PG01037 reduced dyskinesia and the molecular markers expressed in D1R-neurons. In addition, this antagonist further reduced dyskinetic symptoms in D1R heterozygous mice, indicating a direct interaction between D1R and D3R. Together, our results demonstrate that D3R modulates the development of dyskinesia by targeting D1R-mediated intracellular signaling and suggest that decreasing D3R activity may help to ameliorate LID.
Type I IFN signaling blockade by a PASylated antagonist during chronic SIV infection suppresses specific inflammatory pathways but does not alter T cell activation or virus replication (2018)

Chronic activation of the immune system in HIV infection is one of the strongest predictors of morbidity and mortality. As such, approaches that reduce immune activation have received considerable interest. Previously, we demonstrated that administration of a type I interferon receptor antagonist (IFN-1ant) during acute SIV infection of rhesus macaques results in increased virus replication and accelerated disease progression. Here, we administered a long half-life PASylated IFN-1ant to ART-treated and ART-naïve macaques during chronic SIV infection and measured expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) by RNA sequencing, plasma viremia, plasma cytokines, T cell activation and exhaustion as well as cell-associated virus in CD4 T cell subsets sorted from peripheral blood and lymph nodes. Our study shows that IFN-1ant administration in both ART-suppressed and ART-untreated chronically SIV-infected animals successfully results in reduction of IFN-I-mediated inflammation as defined by reduced expression of ISGs but had no effect on plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-6 and IL-8. Unlike in acute SIV infection, we observed no significant increase in plasma viremia up to 25 weeks after IFN-1ant administration or up to 15 weeks after ART interruption. Likewise, cell-associated virus measured by SIV gag DNA copies was similar between IFN-1ant and placebo groups. In addition, evaluation of T cell activation and exhaustion by surface expression of CD38, HLA-DR, Ki67, LAG-3, PD-1 and TIGIT, as well as transcriptome analysis showed no effect of IFN-I blockade. Thus, our data show that blocking IFN-I signaling during chronic SIV infection suppresses IFN-I-related inflammatory pathways without increasing virus replication, and thus may constitute a safe therapeutic intervention in chronic HIV infection.
Overlay of broadcasting signal in a WDM-PON (2006)

We demonstrate an overlay method for broadcasting signal transmission in a wavelength division multiplexed-passive optical network. We used a low noise broadband light source based on mutually injected Fabry-Perot laser diodes to increase the transmission capacity.
Characterization of the Glycoproteins of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (2002)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus is the cause of an important tick-borne disease of humans throughout regions of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Like other members of the genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae, the CCHF virus M genome RNA segment encodes the virus glycoproteins. Sequence analysis of the CCHF virus (Matin strain) M RNA segment revealed one major open reading frame that potentially encodes a precursor polyprotein 1,689 amino acids (aa) in length. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the M-encoded polyproteins of Nigerian, Pakistani, and Chinese CCHF virus strains revealed two distinct protein regions. The carboxyl-terminal 1,441 aa are relatively highly conserved (up to 8.4% identity difference), whereas the amino-terminal 243 to 248 aa are highly variable (up to 56.4% identity difference) and have mucin-like features, including a high serine, threonine, and proline content (up to 47.3%) and a potential for extensive O-glycosylation. Analysis of released virus revealed two major structural glycoproteins, G2 (37 kDa) and G1 (75 kDa). Virus protein analysis by various techniques, including pulse-chase analysis and/or reactivity with CCHF virus-specific polyclonal and antipeptide antibodies, demonstrated that the 140-kDa (which contains the mucin-like region) and 85-kDa nonstructural proteins are the precursors of the mature G2 and G1 proteins, respectively. The amino termini of the CCHF virus (Matin strain) G2 and G1 proteins were established by microsequencing to be equivalent to aa 525 and 1046, respectively, of the encoded polyprotein precursor. The tetrapeptides RRLL and RKPL are immediately upstream of the cleavage site for mature G2 and G1, respectively. These are completely conserved among the predicted polyprotein sequences of all the CCHF virus strains and closely resemble the tetrapeptides that represent the major cleavage recognition sites present in the glycoprotein precursors of arenaviruses, such as Lassa fever virus (RRLL) and Pichinde virus (RKLL). These results strongly suggest that CCHF viruses (and other members of the genus Nairovirus) likely utilize the subtilase SKI-1/S1P-like cellular proteases for the major glycoprotein precursor cleavage events, as has recently been demonstrated for the arenaviruses.
Q-measures: an efficient extension of the sugeno λ-measure (2003)

In this paper, we introduce a new class of fuzzy measures, referred to as q-measures, based on a modification of the definition of the well-known Sugeno /spl lambda/-measure. Our proposed definition of the q-measures not only includes the /spl lambda/-measure as a special case, but also preserves all desirable properties and avoids some of the limitations of the conventional /spl lambda/-measure. The q-measure approach provides a more flexible and powerful method for constructing various fuzzy measures. We provide an iterative algorithm for constructing an interesting sequence of q-measures and analytically prove its convergence as a distinguishing characteristic of the proposed formulation.
Colorization of gray scale natural still images by using ANN to predict the low frequency DCT components of the RGB channels (2015)

This paper presents a new algorithm for colorizing gray scale natural still images. The algorithm uses artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the low frequency discrete cosine transform (DCT) components of the RGB channels. A set of natural color images are used to train three ANNs. The trained networks estimates the RGB layers of the gray scale image that best match a set of training colored images. The ANN predicts only the low frequency components. The high frequency components of the gray scale image are mapped to the RGB channels. The performances of the new algorithm are analyzed using the peak signal to noise. Acceptable colors were obtained for a variety of still images.
Mixed Venous Oxygen Tension and Hyperlactatemia (1976)

Mixed venous oxygen tension (PVo2), cardiac output (Q), and arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) were measured in 20 patients with severe cardiac or pulmonary disease or both to determine which of these variables would best predict hyperlactatemia and survival. There was no correlation between Pao2 and either hyperlactatemia or survival, possibly because all oxygen tensions were greater than 40 mm Hg. There was a good correlation between Q and both hyperlactatemia and survival, and a slightly better correlation between PVo2 and both hyperlactatemia and survival. Mixed venous oxygen tension, a reflection of both Pao2 and Q, was a better predictor of hyperlactatemia and death than either arterial Pao2 or Q alone. It is also more easily measured and, therefore, more clinically useful than either Q, as a predictor of anaerobiosis and survival, or blood lactate concentration, as a predictor of survival. A mixed venous oxygen tension below 28 mm Hg was usually associated with hyperlactatemia and was always associated with death.
Gold(<scp>i</scp>)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation and the subsequent ring enlargement of methylenecyclopropanes to cyclobutenes (2016)

Gold(<sc>i</sc>)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation and the ring enlargement of methylenecyclopropanes containing aryl propargyl ether to give 2<italic>H</italic>-chromene derivatives and the corresponding cyclobutenes.
Algorithmic Trading in the Global FX Market (2008)

As the role of hedge funds in the foreign exchange market continues to grow, algorithmic trading and technology are shaping the future of the market. A White Paper released by FXall, the world9s leading online foreign exchange platform, examines how the technology solutions and services provided by foreign exchange Electronic Communications Networks (ECNs) are evolving to meet the needs of this growing and rapidly developing market. The rise of hedge funds and algorithmic trading in FX is a key trend identified by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) in the preliminary results of its latest survey announced on 25 September. The BIS reported that the FX trading volumes of financial institutions grew by 30% compared with 11% for reporting dealers since its last survey in 2004. FXall9s White Paper, entitled ‘Algorithmic Trading In The Global FX Market: The Need For Speed, Transparency And Fairness‘, looks at the implications of this trend for the future of FX trading in terms of the ever more complex technological needs and increasing discernment of market participants in selecting trading venues. The article highlights how the foreign exchange market is following the trend that is now well advanced in the equities market, where the use of automated, complex trading strategies has helped fuel the rise of ECNs. Hedge funds are successfully applying algorithmic strategies to FX trading to generate alpha, using many of the same methods they have applied in the equities market and other asset classes. This trend has injected more liquidity into the FX market — the world9s largest financial market. The market is further evolving in 2007 as participants seek the optimum technology to implement their strategies, fuelling the growth of FX as an asset class in its own right. <b>TOPICS:</b>Exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, risk management, global
Carbon Nanotubes (1996)

Carbon is an extraordinary element, considering the diversity of materials it forms. Ranging from sparkling gems to sooty filth, these materials have been studied and used for centuries, and carbon science was long thought to be a mature field. So when a whole new class of carbon materials—the fullerenes, such as C60—appeared in the last decade, many scientists were surprised. The consequences have reached well beyond the fullerenes themselves to include major changes in our concepts and understanding of long-known carbon materials. It is in this context that the story of carbon nanotubes starts.
Evaluation of the electromechanical properties of the cardiovascular system after prolonged weightlessness (1977)

Devices and techniques for measuring and analyzing systolic time intervals and quantitative phonocardiograms were initiated during Apollo 17. The data show that the systolic time interval from Apollo 17 crewmen remained elevated longer postflight than the response criteria of heart rate, blood pressure, and percent change in leg volume all of which had returned to preflight levels by the second day postflight. Although the systolic time interval values were only slightly outside the preflight fiducial limits, this finding suggested that: the analysis of systolic time intervals may help to identify the mechanisms of postflight orthostatic intolerance by virtue of measuring ventricular function more directly and, the noninvasive technique may prove useful in determining the extent and duration of cardiovascular instability after long duration space flight. The systolic time intervals obtained on the Apollo 17 crewmen during lower body negative pressure were similar to those noted in patients with significant heart disease.
SCOTS: a reverse Hartmann test with high dynamic range for Giant Magellan Telescope primary mirror segments (2012)

A software configurable optical test system (SCOTS) based on fringe reflection was implemented for measuring the primary mirror segments of the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). The system uses modulated fringe patterns on an LCD monitor as the source, and captures data with a CCD camera and calibrated imaging optics. The large dynamic range of SCOTS provides good measurement of regions with large slopes that cannot be captured reliably with interferometry. So the principal value of the SCOTS test for GMT is to provide accurate measurements that extend clear to the edge of the glass, even while the figure is in a rough state of figure, where the slopes are still high. Accurate calibration of the geometry and the mapping also enable the SCOTS test to achieve accuracy that is comparable measurement accuracy to the interferometric null test for the small- and middle- spatial scale errors in the GMT mirror.
Update on the first phase I study of AGRO100 in advanced cancer (2005)

3064 Background: AGRO100 is an oligonucleotide that functions as an aptamer and binds to nucleolin, a protein found intranuclear in all cells, but uniquely expressed on the surface of tumor cells. Such binding leads to internalization of the complex, and a strong anti-proliferative response in the tumor cell. Objectives of this study are to (1) determine the maximum-tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity of AGRO100 in patients with advanced cancer; (2) determine the pharmacokinetic distribution and profile of AGRO100; (3) obtain preliminary evidence of clinical and biological responses to AGRO100 therapy. Methods: AGRO100 was administered as continuous intravenous infusion in the hospital. Dose level 1 was 1 mg/kg/day over 4 days. Patients were enrolled in cohorts of 3. If no toxicity was observed 28 days after therapy, the dose of AGRO100 was increased up to 10 mg/kg/day over 7 days. Toxicity was graded by the NCI CTCAE v3.0. Responses were assessed every 28 days by using the RECIST guidelines. Results: From September 2003 through July 2004, 17 patients with advanced cancer were enrolled. Prior to AGRO100 treatment, all patients had objective documentation of progressive metastatic disease after multiple therapies. Patient characteristics: median age 63 (30 - 74), PS ECOG 1 (0 - 2). Type of cancer: renal (3), colon (3), pancreatic (2), and lung, lymphoma, gastric, cervical, melanoma, prostate, synovial sarcoma, hemangiopericytoma (1 each). All patients are evaluable for toxicity and response. 22 cycles of AGRO100 have been administered (1–2 cycles/patient). Eight (50%) patients had stable disease at two months after treatment; disease was stable in these patients for 2 - 9 months before progression. One patient is maintaining a near complete response after more than 6 months. No toxicity of any type related to drug administration has been observed. AGRO100 was present in the serum during the entire infusion and the concentration was related to the dose. Conclusions: AGRO100 is the first nucleic acid aptamer ever tested for the treatment of cancer in humans. This non-toxic targeted cancer therapy is showing very promising responses. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aptamera
On the site-specificity of polycarbonyl complexes in Cu/zeolites: combined experimental and DFT study (2006)

The preferred Cu(+) sites and formation of mono-, di-, and tricarbonyl complexes in the Cu-FER were investigated at the periodic density functional theory level and by means of FTIR spectroscopy. The site-specificity of adsorption enthalpies of CO on Cu-FER and of vibrational frequencies of polycarbonyl complexes were investigated for various Cu(+) sites in Cu-FER. Large changes in the Cu(+) interaction with the zeolite framework were observed upon the formation of carbonyl complexes. The dicarbonyl complexes formed on Cu(+) in the main channel or on the intersection of the main and perpendicular channels are stable and both, adsorption enthalpies and CO stretching frequencies are not site-specific. The fraction of Cu(+) ions in the FER cage, that cannot form dicarbonyl can be determined from IR spectra (about 7% for the Cu-FER with Si/Al = 27.5 investigated here). The tricarbonyl complexes can be formed at the Cu(+) ions located at the 8-member ring window at the intersection of main and perpendicular channel. The stability of tricarbonyl complexes is very low (DeltaH degrees (0 K)>or=-4 kJ mol(-1)).
A topically applied quaternary ammonium compound exhibits analgesic effects for orthopedic pain. (1998)

A topical emulsion of a strong ammonium solution utilizing quaternary ammonium, enhanced with certain penetration enhancers, is effective for temporary relief of pain associated with arthritis, tendinitis, and bursitis.