gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adhesins Involved in Attachment to Abiotic Surfaces by Gram-Negative Bacteria (2015)

The ability of bacterial cells to adhere to and interact with surfaces to eventually form a biofilm is a crucial trait for the survival of any microorganism in a complex environment. As a result, different strategies aimed at providing specific or nonspecific interactions between the bacterial cell and the surface have evolved. While adhesion to abiotic surfaces is usually mediated by nonspecific interactions, adhesion to biotic surfaces typically requires a specific receptor-ligand interaction (1). In both cases, these interactions usually originate from the same fundamental physicochemical forces: covalent bonds, Van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, and acid-base interactions (2). Strong adhesion occurs if a bacterium and a surface are capable of forming either covalent, ionic, or metallic bonds, but weaker forces, such as polar, hydrogen bonding, or Van der Waals interactions, can also strengthen or achieve strong interactions when a high number of contacts are involved (2,3). Due the net negative charge of their cell envelopes, bacteria are subjected to repulsive electrostatic forces when approaching surfaces. Bacterial cells also encounter repulsive hydrodynamic forces near the surface in a liquid environment. To overcome these two repulsive barriers, bacteria typically use organelles, such as flagella or pili, which act either as an active propeller or a grappling hook (4–6). Once on the surface, the cell can enhance attachment to the surface via specific and/or nonspecific adhesins to eventually trigger irreversible attachment. This irreversible attachment is strongly influenced by environmental factors (i.e., pH, salinity, etc.) and the physicochemical properties of the surface (i.e., rugosity, hydrophobicity, charge, etc.) but also by the presence of the conditioning film, a layer of organic and inorganic contaminants adsorbed on the surface which changes its physicochemical properties (7). To achieve permanent adhesion under such variable conditions, bacterial cells have developed a series of adhesins able to facilitate adhesion under various environmental conditions (8,9). In this article, we will focus exclusively on nonspecific adhesins, which are primarily responsible for biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces. We will review the current knowledge of fimbrial, nonfimbrial, and discrete polysaccharide adhesins involved in adhesion to abiotic surfaces and cell aggregation in Gram-negative bacteria.
New Piericidin Antibiotics, 7-Demethylpiericidin A1 and 7-Demethyl-3'-rhamnopiericidin A1. (1996)

In the course of our screening program for new antitumor antibiotics, we have reported a new piericidin, 3' -rhamnopiericidin A1 (SN-198-C (4)) isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. SN-1981>2). Recently, two new piericidin family of antibiotics, and SN-198-B (2), were purified from fermentation broth of the same strain described above. This report is concerned with the isolation, structures and biological properties of these novel antibiotics. The producing microorganism was incubated at 27C
Self-mode-locking produced when a mirror which undergoes a metal-semiconductor phase transition is used as the modulator (1981)

A self-mode-locking regime obtained as a result of metal-semiconductor phase transition in a vanadium oxide film is reported. The initiation and relaxation times are given for the phase transition in the oxide film produced as a result of excitation by a short laser flash.
Giant Micellar Worms under Shear:  A Rheological Study Using SANS (2005)

Flow-SANS experiments were performed on viscoelastic aqueous solutions of erucyl bis(hydroxyethyl) methylammonium chloride in the presence of potassium chloride. This cationic surfactant has the ability to form very long and flexible wormlike micelles upon addition of salt. The effects of the key-parameters-shear rate, temperature, surfactant and salt concentration-on the ability of the micelles to align in the flow-field were investigated. The scattering data were analyzed in terms of an anisotropy factor (Af). It was found that the wormlike micelles aligned in the direction of the applied shear rate and that the anisotropy factor increased with shear rate. In addition, an increase in temperature caused a decrease of the anisotropy factor (Af) due to the formation of shorter worms. Furthermore, the branching of the micelles at high ionic strength caused the anisotropy factor to decrease in comparison with the values obtained from linear wormlike micelles, hence revealing that the formation of 3-way junctions restricts the alignment of the micelles in the shear-flow. Furthermore, the total surfactant concentration was found to affect the shear-induced patterns significantly, and different behaviors were observed depending on the ionic strength.
Uridine Prevents Fenofibrate-Induced Fatty Liver (2014)

Uridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside, can modulate liver lipid metabolism although its specific acting targets have not been identified. Using mice with fenofibrate-induced fatty liver as a model system, the effects of uridine on liver lipid metabolism are examined. At a daily dosage of 400 mg/kg, fenofibrate treatment causes reduction of liver NAD(+)/NADH ratio, induces hyper-acetylation of peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (ECHD) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and induces excessive accumulation of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) and very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA). Uridine co-administration at a daily dosage of 400 mg/kg raises NAD(+)/NADH ratio, inhibits fenofibrate-induced hyper-acetylation of ECHD, ACOX1, and reduces accumulation of LCFA and VLCFA. Our data indicates a therapeutic potential for uridine co-administration to prevent fenofibrate-induced fatty liver.
Pyridoxal Model Compounds. II. The Diels-Alder Reaction of 9-Substituted 2-Methoxyanthracenes (1976)

Abstract The Diels-Alder reactions of several 2-methoxyanthracenes with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD), and maleic anhydride (MA) were examined. TCNE gave charge-transfer complexes, but not an addition product in every case. MA gave one-to-one adducts with anthracenes, while DMAD afforded no adduct.
Amorphous Silicon Photoconductive Sensor (1982)

Photoconductive sensitivity and transient properties of non-doped and doped a-Si: H films were investigated. The non-exponential decays of photoconductivity were discussed using a dispersive diffusion limited recombination model. Doping effects on sensitivity and transient behaviors were also investigated. Phosphorus and boron dopings drastically reduced the pulsed light responsitivity. A photoconductive sensor array was fabricated and the performance was compared with that of CdS photosensors.
Superfolder GFP Is Fluorescent in Oxidizing Environments When Targeted via the Sec Translocon (2011)

The ability to study proteins in live cells using genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs) has revolutionized cell biology (1-3). Researchers have created numerous FP biosensors and optimized FPs for specific organisms and subcellular environments in a rainbow of colors (4,5). However, expressing FPs in oxidizing environments such as the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the bacterial periplasm can impair folding, thereby preventing fluorescence (6,7). A substantial fraction of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) oligomerizes to form non-fluorescent mixed disulfides in the ER (6) and EGFP does not fluoresce in the periplasm when targeted via the SecYEG translocon (7). To overcome these obstacles, we exploited the highly efficient folding capability of superfolder GFP (sfGFP) (8). Here, we report sfGFP does not form disulfide-linked oligomers in the ER and maltose-binding protein (MBP) signal sequence (peri)-sfGFP (9) is brightly fluorescent in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Thus, sfGFP represents an important research tool for studying resident proteins of oxidizing environments.
Induction of Morphologically Changed Petals from Mutagen-treated Apical Buds of Rose and Plant Regeneration from Varied Petal-derived Calli. (2001)

The apical buds of lateral branches asexually multiplied by cutting were treated with some chemical mutagens, and the growth and differentiation or morphological changes of the mutagen-treated buds were traced in developed flowers. As a result, the variations in size, shape, color and number of petals were detected most frequently in the flowers that were developed from apical buds treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine at 100μg ml-1. The variant petals were cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA and BAP for in vitro isolation and multiplication of morphologically altered rose plants. Embryogenic calli were obtained via adventitious roots induced from the petals and successfully differentiated to intact plants. Consequently, the regenerated plants produced the varied flower different from that originally used for tissue culture. Thus, the present study suggested that our approach would provide an effective method for easily and rapidly inducing variations in flowers of rose and for in vitro multiplication of their regenerants.
Molecular dynamics nano-scratching of aluminium: a novel quantitative energy-based analysis method (2012)

Atomistic models for friction su_er from the severe length- and time-scale restrictions of molecular dynamics. Even when they yield good qualitative results, it is di_cult to draw meaningful quantitative conclusions from them. In this paper, a novel approach to quantify the scratching work and the energy associated with the creation of plastic zones is presented. The approach is combined with a statistical criterion to determine the significance of simulation box size and sliding rate e_ects on the friction coe_cient. These two methods are applied to a large parametric molecular dynamics study of single-crystal single-asperity aluminium nano-scratch with varying simulation sizes, indentation depths and scratching speeds in order to analyse these size and rate e_ects. The results show that the simulation size e_ects are a considerable obstacle to understanding the atomistic origins of friction – using present-day computing hardware – as they have a strong influence on the core mechanisms of sliding friction. A motivation for the development of a new 3D multi-scale method for a hybrid nano- and micro-scale description of plasticity is formulated.
Size-Dependent Catalytic Activity of Supported Vanadium Oxide Species: Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane (2014)

Possible reaction pathways for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane by vanadium oxide catalysts supported on silica are examined by density functional theory. Monomeric and dimeric vanadium oxide species are both considered and modeled by vanadyl-substituted silsesquioxanes. The reaction proceeds in two subsequent steps. In a first step, hydrogen abstraction from propane by a vanadyl (O═V) group yields a propyl radical bound to a HOV(IV) surface site. Propene is formed by a second hydrogen abstraction, either at the same vanadia site or at a different one. V(V)/V(IV) redox cycles are preferred over V(V)/V(III) cycles. Under the assumption of fast reoxidation, microkinetic simulations show that the first step is rate-determining and yields Arrhenius barriers that are lower for dimers (114 kJ/mol at 750 K) than for monomers (124 kJ/mol). The rate constants predicted for a mixture of monomers and dimers are 14% larger (750 K) than for monomers only, although the increase remains within experimental uncertainty limits. Direct calculations of energy barriers also yield lower values for dimeric species than for monomeric ones. Reactivity descriptors indicate that this trend will continue also for larger oligomers. The size distribution of oligomeric species is predicted to be rather statistical. This, together with the small increase in the rate constants, explains that turnover frequencies observed for submonolayer coverages of vanadia on silica do not vary with the loading within the experimental uncertainty limits.
Radio Resource Management for the Multi-User Uplink Using DFT-Precoded OFDM (2008)

In this paper we investigate resource allocation for an uplink DFT-precoded OFDMA system, a subset of which is agreed on to be used in the Third Generation Partnership Project-Long Term Evolution (3GPP-LTE) uplink. Different from the well studied OFDMA resource allocation problem, each user equipment (UE) is assigned a set of sub-carriers, within which individual power allocation per sub-carrier basis is unfavorable due to the additional added complexity and possibly high peak to average power ratio of the resulting waveform. We assume a widely used linear equalizer at the receiver with multiple antennas and formulate the problem as the sub-carrier allocation problem for OFDMA with equal gain power allocation. Furthermore, we present an optimum resource allocation algorithm for the single user case and a heuristic sub- optimum algorithm for the multi-user case that can efficiently allocate resources for DFT-precoded OFDMA system.
Combinational and sequential mapping with priority cuts (2007)

An algorithm for technology mapping of combinational and sequential logic networks is proposed and applied to mapping into K-input lookup-tables (K-LUTs). The new algorithm avoids the hurdle of computing all K-input cuts while preserving the quality of the results, in terms of area and depth. The memory and runtime of the proposed algorithm are linear in circuit size and quite affordable even for large industrial designs. For example, computing a good quality 6-LUT mapping of an AIG with 1 M nodes takes 150 Mb of RAM and 1 minute on a typical laptop. An extension of the algorithm allows for sequential mapping, which searches the combined space of all possible mappings and retimings. This leads to an 18-22% improvement in depth with a 3-5% LOT count penalty, compared to combinational mapping followed by retiming.
Joint optimization of linear predictors in speech (1989)

Formant and pitch predictors which are jointly optimized are discussed. The first configuration considered is a combination prediction error filter (in either a transversal or lattice form) that performs the function of both a formant and a pitch filter. Although a transversal combination filter outperforms the conventional F-P (formant followed by pitch) sequential solution, the combination filter exhibits a high incidence of nonminimum phase filters. For an F-P cascade connection, combined solutions and iterated sequential solutions are found. They yield high prediction gains than the conventional F-P sequential solution. Furthermore, a practical implementation of the iterated sequential solution is developed such that both the formant and pitch filters are minimum phase. This implementation leads to decoded speech of higher perceptual quality than the conventional sequential solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Moving vessel profiler (MVP) real time near vertical data profiles at 12 knots (2002)

The collection of vertical data profiles of the ocean from a moving vessel has been achieved through the use of a computer controlled winch and davit. The winch deploys a "free fall" fish that can be instrumented with a variety of sensors. To date, both sound velocity (SV) and CTD sensors have been installed and tested. The SV data has been used for correcting multi-beam soundings in hydrographic surveys. The CTD data has been collected for use by physical oceanographers. A system capable of profiling down to 100 meters at speeds to 12 knots has been operating since June, 1996. The current concept can be projected to reach a depth of 800 meters and, with the aid of a line puller, attain 1200 meters. The MVP will be used by oceanographers to collect physical, biological and chemical oceanographic data without stopping the vessel. It will continue to be used by hydrographers conducting multibeam surveys.
Improved dual AAV vectors with reduced expression of truncated proteins are safe and effective in the retina of a mouse model of Stargardt disease (2015)

Stargardt disease (STGD1) due to mutations in the large ABCA4 gene is the most common inherited macular degeneration in humans. We have shown that dual adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors effectively transfer ABCA4 to the retina of Abca4-/- mice. However, they express both lower levels of transgene compared with a single AAV and truncated proteins. To increase productive dual AAV concatemerization, which would overcome these limitations, we have explored the use of either various regions of homology or heterologous inverted terminal repeats (ITR). In addition, we tested the ability of various degradation signals to decrease the expression of truncated proteins. We found the highest levels of transgene expression using regions of homology based on either alkaline phosphatase or the F1 phage (AK). The use of heterologous ITR does not decrease the levels of truncated proteins relative to full-length ABCA4 and impairs AAV vector production. Conversely, the inclusion of the CL1 degradation signal results in the selective degradation of truncated proteins from the 5'-half without affecting full-length protein production. Therefore, we developed dual AAV hybrid ABCA4 vectors including homologous ITR2, the photoreceptor-specific G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 promoter, the AK region of homology and the CL1 degradation signal. We show that upon subretinal administration these vectors are both safe in pigs and effective in Abca4-/- mice. Our data support the use of improved dual AAV vectors for gene therapy of STGD1.
Atmospheric DC Glow Discharge Observed in Intersecting Miniature Gas Flows (2008)

In this paper, stable atmospheric DC glow microplasmas generated along two intersecting miniature gas flows through nozzle electrodes are observed. The intersecting angle was varied from 45deg to 135deg. If argon gas flow was used, striation structure can be noticed at the cathode side.
Full Surface Local Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements in a Model of an Integrally Cast Impingement Cooling Geometry (1996)

Cast impingement cooling geometries offer the gas turbine designer higher structural integrity and improved convective cooling when compared to traditional impingement cooling systems which rely on plate inserts. In this paper, it is shown that the surface which forms the jets contributes significantly to the total cooling. Local heat transfer coefficient distributions have been measured in a model of an engine wall cooling geometry using the transient heat transfer technique. The method employs temperature sensitive liquid crystals to measure the surface temperature of large scale perspex models during transient experiments. Full distributions of local Nusselt number on both surfaces of the impingement plate, and on the impingement target plate are presented at engine representative Reynolds numbers. The relative effects of the impingement plate thermal boundary condition and the coolant supply temperature on the target plate heat transfer has been determined by maintaining an isothermal boundary condition at the impingement plate during the transient tests. The results are discussed in terms of the interpreted flow field.
CO2-free high-purity ethylene from electroreduction of CO2 with 4% solar-to-ethylene and 10% solar-to-carbon efficiencies (2022)

C2H4 is an essential precursor for synthesis of a range of industrial chemicals while contributing ∼150 Mt of CO2e emissions per year. C2H4 synthesis via electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an attractive approach to reduce carbon emissions. The lower single-pass conversion (<10%) of the state-of-the-art CO2 electrolyzers contributes significantly to the cost of post-CO2RR separation of products, rendering even processes with high CO2RR current densities unfit for scaling up. Here, we develop an aqueous flow-through electrochemical cell to enhance the activity and selectivity of C2H4 on a three-dimensional (3D) Cu mesh electrode by applying square-wave oscillating potentials. A high C2H4 faradaic efficiency of ∼58%, C2H4 current density of 306 mA/cm2, and gaseous C2H4 purity of ∼52 wt % without CO2 in the product stream are obtained. Integrating the 3D Cu mesh catalyst in a photovoltaic (PV) electrolyzer yields a solar-to-carbon (STC) efficiency of ∼10% with a solar-to-C2H4 efficiency of ∼4%.
The effective leader: Understanding and applying emotional intelligence (2002)

Emotional intelligence can be misunderstood and misrepresented. But the bottom line is that the manager who can think about emotions accurately and clearly may often be better able to anticipate, cope with, and effectively manage change.
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the mouse: Computer-assisted mapping (1996)

The dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain play a role in cognition, affect and movement. The purpose of the present study was to map and quantify the number of DA neurons in the midbrain, within the nuclei that constitute cell groups A8, A9 and A10, in the mouse. Two strains of mice were used; the C57BL/6 strain was chosen because it is commonly used in neurobiological studies, and the FVB/N strain was chosen because it is used frequently in transgenic studies. DA neurons were identified, in every fifth 20-microns-thick coronal section, using an antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase. Cell locations were entered into a computer imaging system. The FVB/N strain has 42% more midbrain DA neurons than the C57BL/6 strain; on one side of the brain there were 15,135 +/- 356 neurons (mean +/- S.E.M.) in the FVB/N strain, and 10,645 +/- 315 neurons in the C57BL/6 strain. In both strains, approximately 11% of the neurons were located in nucleus A8 (the DA neurons in the retrorubral field), 38% in nucleus A9 (the DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, pars reticulata, and pars lateralis), and 51% in nucleus A10 (the DA neurons in midline regions such as the ventral tegmental area, central linear nucleus, and interfascicular nucleus). The number of midbrain DA cells, and their distribution within the three nuclear groups, is discussed with respect to findings in other species.