gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A REDUCTION MAMMAPLASTY WITH THE AREOLA-NIPPLE BASED ON AN INFERIOR DERMAL PEDICLE (1977)

The design of, and some results from, a mammaplasty with an inferior dermal pedicle is presented.
Mechanical properties of flax fibre reinforced epoxy composites (1999)

Flax fibre reinforced epoxy composites were prepared by autoclave moulding technique. Influence of various fibre parameters such as lignin content, pectin content and degree of polymerisation on the composite properties was investigated. Fibre surface modifications such as alkali treatment, silane treatment and isocyanate treatment were done to improve the fibre-matrix interactions. The modified fibre surface was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. It was found that treatment of fibre has significant influence on the mechanical properties of the composites. Morphological studies of the fracture surfaces were carried out using scanning electron microscopy.
A Novel Surface Antigen of Relapsing Fever Spirochetes Can Discriminate between Relapsing Fever and Lyme Borreliosis (2010)

In a previous immunoproteome analysis of Borrelia hermsii, candidate antigens that bound IgM antibodies from mice and patients infected with relapsing fever spirochetes were identified. One candidate that was identified is a hypothetical protein with a molecular mass of 57 kDa that we have designated Borrelia immunogenic protein A (BipA). This protein was further investigated as a potential diagnostic antigen for B. hermsii given that it is absent from the Borrelia burgdorferi genome. The bipA locus was amplified and sequenced from 39 isolates of B. hermsii that had been acquired from western North America. bipA was also expressed as a recombinant fusion protein. Serum samples from mice and patients infected with B. hermsii or B. burgdorferi were used to confirm the immunogenicity of the recombinant protein in patients infected with relapsing fever spirochetes. Lastly, in silico and experimental analysis indicated that BipA is a surface-exposed lipoprotein in B. hermsii. These findings enhance the capabilities of diagnosing infection with relapsing fever spirochetes.
Point of sampling detection of Zika virus within a multiplexed kit capable of detecting dengue and chikungunya (2017)

A kit, complete with a visualization device, is now available for point-of-sampling detection of Zika, chikungunya, and dengue. The assay output is read in ca. 30 min by visualizing (human eye) three-color coded fluorescence signals. Assay in dried format allows it to be run in low-resource environments.
Seismology with optical links: enabling a global network for submarine earthquake monitoring (2017)

Earthquake monitoring across the globe is currently achieved with networks of seismic stations. The data from these networks have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the Earth's interior structure and dynamic behaviour. However, almost all seismic stations are located on land and earthquakes of magnitude smaller than 4 at the bottom of the oceans remain largely undetected. Here we show that ordinary telecommunication optical fibre links can detect seismic events when combined with state-of-the-art frequency metrology techniques. We have detected earthquakes over terrestrial and submarine optical fibre links with length ranging from 75 to 535 km and a geographical distance from the earthquake's epicentre ranging from 25 to 18,500 km. In contrast to existing commercial reflectometry-based acoustic sensing methods used widely in the oil and gas industry, which are limited to only a few tens of kilometres, the technique presented here can be extended over thousands of kilometres, paving the way for detection of remote underwater earthquakes. By using the proposed technique on the existing extensive submarine optical fibre infrastructure, which already criss-crosses the seas and oceans, a global seismic network for real-time detection of underwater earthquakes could be implemented. The ability to detect off-shore earthquakes closer to the source could also enable a cost-effective solution for early detection of tsunamis.
Robustness: linking strain design to viable bioprocesses (2022)

Microbial cell factories are becoming increasingly popular for the sustainable production of various chemicals. Metabolic engineering has led to the design of advanced cell factories; however, their long-term yield, titer, and productivity falter when scaled up and subjected to industrial conditions. This limitation arises from a lack of robustness - the ability to maintain a constant phenotype despite the perturbations of such processes. This review describes predictable and stochastic industrial perturbations as well as state-of-the-art technologies to counter process variability. Moreover, we distinguish robustness from tolerance and discuss the potential of single-cell studies for improving system robustness. Finally, we highlight ways of achieving consistent and comparable quantification of robustness that can guide the selection of strains for industrial bioprocesses.
A plausible two-state model for cytochrome c oxidase. (1981)

The catalytic properties of pulsed and resting cytochrome c oxidase (ferrocytochrome c: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.9.3.1), expressed in terms of a minimal kinetic scheme and simulated by numerical computations, were successfully described. A two-state model, in which the relative amounts of the enzyme present in each conformation are regulated by the rates of electron flux and O2 binding on one side and the interconversion rates on the other, accounts for the activation of cytochrome c oxidase during turnover.
Probablity and simulation based design of fixed width multiplier (2017)

This paper proposes an error compensation circuit for fixed-width multiplier based on probability and computer simulation (PACS), whereas the solution provides highest accuracy, low power consumption with high speed. Being highly accurate, the proposed PACS approach is area-effective as compared to Multilevel conditional Probability (MLCP) method. The proposed 8×8 bit fixed width multiplier is designed using Xilinx. Significant reduction in FPGA resources, delay and power can be achieved using fixed width multiplier with PACS instead of MLCP method.
Stereoselective Incorporation of an Unsaturated Isoleucine Analogue into a Protein Expressed in <i>E. coli</i> (2006)

The unsaturated amino acid 2-amino-3-methyl-4-pentenoic acid (E-Ile) was prepared in the form of its (2S,3S),(2R,3R) and (2S,3R),(2R,3S) stereoisomeric pairs. The translational activities of SS-E-Ile and SR-E-Ile were assessed in an E. coli strain rendered auxotrophic for isoleucine. SS-E-Ile was incorporated into the test protein mouse dihydrofolate reductase (mDHFR) in place of isoleucine at a rate of up to 72 %; SR-E-Ile yielded no conclusive evidence for incorporation. ATP/PPi exchange assays indicated that SS-E-Ile was activated by the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase at a rate comparable to that characteristic of isoleucine; SR-E-Ile was activated approximately 100-times more slowly than SS-E-Ile.
Influence of invertase activity and glycerol synthesis and retention on fermentation of media with a high sugar concentration by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

In the past, the fermentation activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in substrates with a high concentration of sucrose (HSuc), such as sweet bread doughs, has been linked inversely to invertase activity of yeast strains. The present work defines the limits of the relationship between invertase activity and fermentation in hyperosmotic HSuc medium. Fourteen polyploid, wild-type strains of S. cerevisiae with different invertase levels gave a similar ranking of fermentation activity in HSuc and in medium in which glucose and fructose replaced sucrose (HGF medium). Thus, invertase is unlikely to be the most important determinant of fermentation in sweet doughs. Yeasts produce the compatible solute-osmoprotective compound glycerol when exposed to hyperosmotic environments. Under low sugar concentrations (and nonstressing osmotic pressure), there was no correlation between glycerol and fermentation activities. However, there was a strong correlation between the ability of yeasts to ferment in HSuc or HGF medium and their capacity to produce and retain glycerol intracellularly. There was also a strong correlation between intracellular glycerol and fermentation activity of yeasts in a medium in which the nonfermentable sugar alcohol sorbitol replaced most of the sugars (HSor), but the ability to produce and retain glycerol was greater when yeasts were incubated in HGF medium under the same osmotic pressure. The difference between the amounts of glycerol produced and retained in HSor and in HGF media varied with strains. This implies that high fermentable sugar concentrations cause physiological conditions that allow for enhanced glycerol production and retention, the degree of which is strain dependent. In conclusion, one important prerequisite for yeast strains to ferment media with high concentrations of sugar is the ability to synthesize glycerol and especially to retain it.
Transport and magnetic properties of HITPERM alloys (2003)

Nanocrystalline HITPERM alloys Fe44.6Co43.3X7.4B3.7Cu1 (X = Nb, Zr, Hf) prepared by crystallization of amorphous precursors are studied by magnetization and electrical resistivity measurements for the first time. Structural and magnetic components of the electrical resistivity are separated. The electrical resistivity of the nanocrystalline α' (FeCo) phase calculated using the Maxwell–Garnett relation proves strong electron scattering on the grain boundaries. The temperature variation of the crystalline fraction during the first crystallization stage is calculated for the Hf based alloy.
Wireless powering of single-chip systems with integrated coil and external wire-loop resonator (2008)

A procedure for inductive wireless powering of single-chip systems is presented. An integrated spiral coil is used as the power receiving component. An external resonator formed by a wire-loop inductor connected to a capacitor is placed in close proximity to the chip. The sinusoidal magnetic field generated at a distant transmitting loop is amplified by the resonator. The present approach enables delivering power in the order of tens of microwatts to a few milliwatts at distances longer than 10cm using a frequency of 13.5MHz. The integrated coil used here can be fabricated with any integrated circuit fabrication technology.
Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Controlled Delivery of Transforming Growth Factor-ß3 (2006)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) have been shown to differentiate into chondrocytes and form cartilage-like tissues when cultured with TGFbeta3 at 10 ng/ml. Previous attempts to engineer cartilage using hMSC have depended on in vitro pre-differentiation in order to form chondrogenic engineered constructs. Such techniques greatly increase the time of implant fabrication and suffer from loss of phenotype upon withdrawal from chondrogenic medium. The present study investigates a tissue engineered construct that includes sustained delivery of TGFbeta3 and induces differentiation of hMSC into chondrocytes in situ using injectable thermosensitive gels.
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY SOLUTIONS TO A MODELING ROUND-ROBIN EXERCISE. (1971)

Descriptions are given of eight problems included in a modeling round-robin exercise.Solutions to the problems obtained with the FM0DEL computer code are presented, with discussion of each individual pin.Assumptions made in obtaining the solutions are listed and discussed.Graphical and tabular comparisons between predicted performance and measured performance for two of the pins in the exercise are given and discussed.An appendix containing all the fabrication data and operating conditions provided the working group for this exercise is included.
Aerosols generation using Er,Cr:YSGG laser compared to rotary instruments in conservative dentistry: A preliminary study (2020)

The contaminated area during the procedure of class I cavity preparation, is reduced by 70% using Er,Cr:YSGG laser compared to high-speed turbine. A slightly higher contamination was observed between laser groups with 80% versus 40% water. The use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser in restorative dentistry can be a valid treatment alternative to reduce aerosols production compared to conventional high-speed rotary instruments. <b>Key words:</b>Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Aerosols, SARS-CoV-2, Rotary instruments, conservative dentistry.
Fast super-resolution from video data using optical flow estimation (2008)

Regularization-based and a fast non-iterative methods using optical flow estimation are suggested for video data super-resolution with correction of non-uniform illumination.
Markov Chain Sampling for Non-linear State Space Models Using Embedded Hidden Markov Models (2003)

I describe a new Markov chain method for sampling from the distribution of the state sequences in a non-linear state space model, given the observation sequence. This method updates all states in the sequence simultaneously using an embedded Hidden Markov model (HMM). An update begins with the creation of a ``pool'' of K states at each time, by applying some Markov chain update to the current state. These pools define an embedded HMM whose states are indexes within this pool. Using the forward-backward dynamic programming algorithm, we can then efficiently choose a state sequence at random with the appropriate probabilities from the exponentially large number of state sequences that pass through states in these pools. I show empirically that when states at nearby times are strongly dependent, embedded HMM sampling can perform better than Metropolis methods that update one state at a time.
Encoding rules and MIME type for Protocol Buffers (2012)

This document describes the encoding format for Protocol Buffers
encoded data and registers a MIME type associated with Protocol
Buffers encoded data.
Self-Avoiding molecular Recognition Systems (SAMRS) (2008)

Reported here is a "Self-Avoiding Molecular Recognition Systems" (SAMRS), a species of DNA that can bind via simple rules to natural DNA but cannot bind to other members of the same SAMRS species. A system having these properties has been achieved with 2-aminopurine-2'-deoxyriboside (A*), 2'-deoxy-2-thiothymidine (T*), 2'-deoxyinosine (G*) and N4-ethyl-2'-deoxycytidine. These were designed to form more stable base pairs with natural complements than with SAMRS complements, based on the number of hydrogen bonds. Thermal melting studies were performed using duplexes containing SAMRS components. All SAMRS species, A*, T*, G* and C*, formed more stable base pairs with natural complements, T, A, C and G than with SAMRS complements, T*, A*, C* and G* respectively. This property of SAMRS would be useful for avoiding to be produced undesired products derived from intra- and intermolecular interaction between primers in multiplexed polymerase chain reactions.
E2E NLG Challenge: Neural Models vs. Templates (2018)

E2E NLG Challenge is a shared task on generating restaurant descriptions from sets of key-value pairs. This paper describes the results of our participation in the challenge. We develop a simple, yet effective neural encoder-decoder model 1 which produces fluent restaurant descriptions and outperforms a strong baseline. We further analyze the data provided by the organizers and conclude that the task can also be approached with a template-based model developed in just a few hours.
Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry of ruthenium and palladium complexes with oligonucleotides (1999)

Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to characterise complexes formed in reactions betweenruthenium or palladium compounds and oligonucleotides containing eight bases.ESI mass spectra of reactions involving cis-or trans-[RuCl 2 (DMSO) 4 ] showed in-source fragmentation of the reaction products.In contrast, spectra obtained from reactions involving cis-[Ru(bipy) 2 Cl 2 ], mer-[Ru(terpy)Cl 3 ] or [Pd(en)Cl 2 ] were consistent with the chelating ligands remaining bound to metaloligonucleotide products.The most abundant complex formed when cis-[Ru(bipy) 2 Cl 2 ] reacted with 5′-GGCTAGCC-3′ comprised one Ru(bipy) 2 unit bound to the oligonucleotide.Smaller amounts of a complex in which two Ru(bipy) 2 units were bound were detected in reactions containing excess ruthenium.Mer-[Ru(terpy)Cl 3 ] reacted more slowly with oligonucleotides than cis-[Ru(bipy) 2 Cl 2 ] under otherwise identical conditions.However, the rates of reactions involving mer-[Ru(terpy)Cl 3 ] were increased by addition of the reducing agent ascorbate.[Pd(en)Cl 2 ] reacted more extensively with 5′-GGCTAGCC-3′ than the ruthenium complexes, since ESI mass spectra showed ions arising from complexes containing two, three and four Pd(en) moieties bound to the oligonucleotide.Mass spectra obtained after purifying the reaction mixture by HPLC indicated that the major complex contained only two Pd(en) units bound to the oligonucleotide, suggesting that ions containing three or four Pd(en) units were formed predominantly by gas-phase chemistry in the ion source.
Low‐Temperature PECVD of Transparent SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>C<sub><i>y</i></sub>H<sub><i>z</i></sub> Thin Films (2007)

Abstract Hybrid organic/inorganic SiO x C y H z thin films are prepared on Cu, Si(100), and SiO 2 substrates by plasma‐enhanced (PE)CVD using tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) as the precursor compound. Depositions are performed from Ar plasmas at temperatures as low as 60 °C, avoiding the use of oxidizing reagents in view of possible film application as protective coatings against substrate oxidation. In situ monitoring of deposition processes is performed using laser reflection interferometry (LRI), which provides valuable information on the growth rate as a function of the adopted synthesis conditions. The obtained film thickness values are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which is also used to investigate the film morphology and its adhesion to the substrate. The chemical structure and composition are investigated in detail by a combined use of energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Glancing incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) and UV‐vis spectroscopy are used for the study of the structural and optical properties of the system. Finally, nanoindentation measurements permit the evaluation of the hardness of the synthesized coatings. Amorphous layers with a silica‐like network incorporating covalently bonded methyl and methoxy groups are obtained under very mild synthesis conditions. Furthermore, the coatings are characterized by good substrate conformal coverage and remarkable optical transparency.
Stemrechtloze aandelen bij de Flex-BV (2013)

In diabetes, macrophages and inflammation are increased in the islets, along with β-cell dysfunction. Here, we demonstrate that galectin-3 (Gal3), mainly produced and secreted by macrophages, is elevated in islets from both high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and diabetic db/db mice. Gal3 acutely reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cell lines and primary islets in mice and humans. Importantly, Gal3 binds to calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 1 (CACNG1) and inhibits calcium influx via the cytomembrane and subsequent GSIS. β-Cell CACNG1 deficiency phenocopies Gal3 treatment. Inhibition of Gal3 through either genetic or pharmacologic loss of function improves GSIS and glucose homeostasis in both HFD-fed and db/db mice. All animal findings are applicable to male mice. Here we show a role of Gal3 in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and Gal3 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Narrative Review: Initial Management of Newly Diagnosed, Early-Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2006)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is one of the most common malignant lymphoid diseases in the western world and is frequently diagnosed by internists. There have been clinically significant changes in method of diagnosis, prognostic tools, supportive care, and treatment over the past 2 decades. Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia now have Rai stage 0 or I disease at diagnosis. Patients with early-stage disease are a heterogeneous group: Approximately 30% to 50% will have accelerated disease progression, and the remainder may live for decades and possibly never require therapy. Recent insights into the biological characteristics of leukemic B cells have led to the discovery of new prognostic tools (immunoglobulin variable-region heavy chain gene mutation status, cytogenetic abnormalities assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization, and Z-chain-associated protein kinase-70 protein expression) that can identify patients with early-stage disease who are at high risk for early disease progression. These tools allow physicians to individualize counseling, follow-up, and management on the basis of disease risk. In addition, new treatments developed over the past 2 decades (purine nucleoside analogues, monoclonal antibodies, and combination chemoimmunotherapy regimens) have dramatically improved response rates and appear to prolong survival. In this review, the authors discuss the current work-up of lymphocytosis and highlight how to use recently identified prognostic tools to stratify risk in patients with newly diagnosed, early-stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Recommendations for patient counseling, follow-up, supportive care, and initial treatment are presented for each risk category.
Pushing the Envelope in Graph Compression (2014)

We improve the state-of-the-art method for the compression of web and other similar graphs by introducing an elegant technique which further exploits the clustering properties observed in these graphs. The analysis and experimental evaluation of our method shows that it outperforms the currently best method of Boldi et al. by achieving a better compression ratio and retrieval time. Our method exhibits vast improvements on certain families of graphs, such as social networks, by taking advantage of their compressibility characteristics, and ensures that the compression ratio will not worsen for any graph, since it easily falls back to the state-of-the-art method.
Higher-order chromatin domains link eQTLs with the expression of far-away genes (2013)

Distal expression quantitative trait loci (distal eQTLs) are genetic mutations that affect the expression of genes genomically far away. However, the mechanisms that cause a distal eQTL to modulate gene expression are not yet clear. Recent high-resolution chromosome conformation capture experiments along with a growing database of eQTLs provide an opportunity to understand the spatial mechanisms influencing distal eQTL associations on a genome-wide scale. We test the hypothesis that spatial proximity contributes to eQTL-gene regulation in the context of the higher-order domain structure of chromatin as determined from recent Hi-C chromosome conformation experiments. This analysis suggests that the large-scale topology of chromatin is coupled with eQTL associations by providing evidence that eQTLs are in general spatially close to their target genes, occur often around topological domain boundaries and preferentially associate with genes across domains. We also find that within-domain eQTLs that overlap with regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers are spatially more close than the overall set of within-domain eQTLs, suggesting that spatial proximity derived from the domain structure in chromatin plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression.