gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, analysis, and prototyping of axial flux-switching permanent magnet machine (2017)

This paper proposes the analytical design methods of axial flux-switching permanent magnet (AxFSPM) machines. The analytical design methods take the influences of electric and magnetic loadings into account to calculate the specific sizing of the AxFSPM machine. In addition, the winding functions are implemented to derive the self-, mutual-, and d-axis and q-axis inductance. The results of analytical design methods indicate that the magnetic loading significantly influences the stator dimensions of AxFSPM machines than the electric loading. The d- and q-axis inductances of the all-pole-wound AxFSPM machines are similar under the same number of slots and turns. A prototype is manufactured using the analytical design methods. The experimental results show that the prototype machine achieves target specification and the usefulness of the proposed design method is verified.
Broadband multiple-quantum nuclear magnetic resonance with frequency-modulated ‘‘chirp’’ pulses: Applications to pairs of scalar-coupled spin <i>I</i>=1/2 nuclei (1990)

It is shown by simulation and experiment that frequency-modulated ‘‘chirp’’ pulses are very effective for exciting multiple-quantum coherences over large bandwidths. Chirp pulses can be considered as an alternative to composite pulses to combat the effects of large offsets and tilted effective fields. By way of example, we discuss the excitation of double-quantum coherences for pairs of scalar-coupled spin I=1/2 nuclei over large ranges of chemical shifts. Refocusing of the phase dispersion of double-quantum coherence can be combined with suitable detection sequences to yield pure absorption two-dimensional double-quantum spectra. The idea of symmetrical excitation and detection by time reversal may be applied to obtain t1-modulated longitudinal magnetization, which may then be converted into observable single-quantum coherence by a chirp echo sequence. Similar approaches can be used for many other NMR experiments involving coherence transfer.
Longitudinally Coupled Resonator Filter Using Edge Reflection of Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu and Shear Horizontal Waves with Various Bandwidths Realized by Selecting Substrates (2001)

A conventional surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator filter requires reflectors with many grating fingers at both sides of the interdigital transducers (IDTs). On the other hand, a small-sized low-loss resonator filter without grating fingers can be realized by utilizing the reflection of a Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu (BGS) wave or a shear horizontal (SH) wave at the edge of a substrate. As a result, the authors have developed longitudinally coupled resonator filters using the reflection of BGS and SH waves at the edges of a substrate. Longitudinally coupled resonator filters on piezoelectric ceramic substrates for the first intermediate frequency (IF) stage have been realized to be low-loss, small-sized and extremely wide bandwidth (fractional bandwidth of 15%) filters as compared to the ordinary resonator filters, and they can have various kinds of bandwidths (2 to 15%) by employing ceramic substrates with various electromechanical coupling factors. On the other hand, the edge-reflection-type resonator filters on LiTaO 3 single crystal for various first IF stages have also been realized to be low-loss and small-sized filters. In spite of being a wire-bonding type of IF filter, the package size of this filter is the same as that of the radio frequency (RF) SAW filter.
U-turn caching optimization in IPTV networks (2009)

In an IPTV network, a large amount of unicast traffic from the Video Head Office (VHO) to subscribers requires significant BW and equipment resources in the network. Caching of video content allows reduction of bandwidth and IPTV network cost. In this paper, we consider a caching architecture in which part of the content is cached at the edge of the network (e.g., at DSLAMs), and the remaining part is stored in server(s) at the VHO. We assume that the community of subscribers subtended at each cache location (DSLAM) may have unique interests. Therefore, the list of cached items is customized for each cache location (e.g., individual DSLAM), and different cache locations should store different content. We consider U-turn caching where titles cached at a given DSLAM may serve the requests of subscribers that are subtended not only at this DSLAM but also from those subtended at neighboring DSLAMs. We discuss how the U-turn caching architecture allows increased cache effectiveness (hit rate) by sharing cache resources in the access nodes (DSLAMs).
Target-Based Screen Against a Periplasmic Serine Protease That Regulates Intrabacterial pH Homeostasis in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2014)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) maintains its intrabacterial pH (pHIB) near neutrality in the acidic environment of phagosomes within activated macrophages. A previously reported genetic screen revealed that Mtb loses this ability when the mycobacterial acid resistance protease (marP) gene is disrupted. In the present study, a high throughput screen (HTS) of compounds against the protease domain of MarP identified benzoxazinones as inhibitors of MarP. A potent benzoxazinone, BO43 (6-chloro-2-(2'-methylphenyl)-4H-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one), acylated MarP and lowered Mtb's pHIB and survival during incubation at pH 4.5. BO43 had similar effects on MarP-deficient Mtb, suggesting the existence of additional target(s). Reaction of an alkynyl-benzoxazinone, BO43T, with Mycobacterium bovis variant bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) followed by click chemistry with azido-biotin identified both the MarP homologue and the high temperature requirement A1 (HtrA1) homologue, an essential protein. Thus, the chemical probe identified through a target-based screen not only reacted with its intended target in the intact cells but also implicated an additional enzyme that had eluded a genetic screen biased against essential genes.
VOC gas leak detection using Pyro-electric Infrared sensors (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting and monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) gas leaks by using a Pyro-electric (or Passive) Infrared (PIR) sensor whose spectral range intersects with the absorption bands of VOC gases. A continuous time analog signal is obtained from the PIR sensor. This signal is discretized and analyzed in real time. Feature parameters are extracted in wavelet domain and classified using a Markov Model (MM) based classifier. Experimental results are presented.
Sequential fractionation of feruloylated hemicelluloses and oligosaccharides from wheat bran using subcritical water and xylanolytic enzymes (2017)

Wheat bran is a major by-product of cereal production that still has limited use for advanced nutritional and material applications. A sequential process using subcritical water, membrane filtration and selective enzymatic treatments has been designed for the combined fractionation of functional high molar mass hemicelluloses (over 105 g mol−1) and oligosaccharides from wheat bran. This process not only offers increased total solid yield compared with conventional protocols based on alkaline extraction, but it also preserves the inherent functionalities of the phenolic groups that substitute the carbohydrate structures of the extracted hemicelluloses. Feruloylated arabinoxylans (F-AX) with high molar mass and significant radical scavenging activity can be isolated from the subcritical water extract. Structurally different oligosaccharides, including mixed-linkage β-D-glucan oligosaccharides (BGOs) and arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOs) can be recovered from the eluent after membrane filtration. The crosslinked residue after subcritical water extraction was further treated with xylanolytic enzymes to release valuable feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (FAXOs). The oligo- and polysaccharide fractions isolated from this sequential process show great potential for use as prebiotic or platform chemicals, and as polymeric matrices for carbohydrate-based materials with radical scavenging properties, respectively.
Image reconstruction and image quality evaluation for a 16-slice CT scanner (2003)

We present a theoretical overview and a performance evaluation of a novel approximate reconstruction algorithm for cone-beam spiral CT, the adaptive multiple plane reconstruction (AMPR), which has been introduced by Schaller, Flohr et al. [Proc. SPIE Int. Symp. Med. Imag. 4322, 113-127 (2001)] AMPR has been implemented in a recently introduced 16-slice CT scanner. We present a detailed algorithmic description of AMPR which allows for a free selection of the spiral pitch. We show that dose utilization is better than 90% independent of the pitch. We give an overview on the z-reformation functions chosen to allow for a variable selection of the spiral slice width at arbitrary pitch values. To investigate AMPR image quality we present images of anthropomorphic phantoms and initial patient results. We present measurements of spiral slice sensitivity profiles (SSPs) and measurements of the maximum achievable transverse resolution, both in the isocenter and off-center. We discuss the pitch dependence of image noise measured in a centered 20 cm water phantom. Using the AMPR approach, cone-beam artifacts are considerably reduced for the 16-slice scanner investigated. Image quality in MPRs is independent of the pitch and equivalent to a single-slice CT system at pitch p approximately 1.5. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the spiral SSPs shows only minor variations as a function of the pitch, nominal, and measured values differ by less than 0.2 mm. With 16 x 0.75 mm collimation, the measured FWHM of the smallest reconstructed slice is about 0.9 mm. Using this slice width and overlapping image reconstruction, cylindrical holes with 0.6 mm diameter can be resolved in a z-resolution phantom. Image noise for constant effective mAs is nearly independent of the pitch. Measured and theoretically expected dose utilization are in good agreement. Meanwhile, clinical practice has demonstrated the excellent image quality and the increased diagnostic capability that is obtained with the new generation of multislice CT systems.
Silicon micromachining technology for THz applications (2010)

Silicon micromachining technology is naturally suited for making THz components, where precision and accuracy are essential. We report here the development of a robust micromachining technology that has enabled us to make waveguide features in the 325 to 500 GHz range with nominal losses. Extension of this technology towards a wafer-level integrated submillimeter-wave receiver front-end is also discussed. This novel wafer-stacking architecture will enable ultra-compact two dimensional multi-pixel receiver front-ends in the THz range.
Temporal multiplexing to simulate multifocal intraocular lenses: theoretical considerations (2017)

Fast tunable lenses allow an effective design of a portable simultaneous vision simulator (SimVis) of multifocal corrections. A novel method of evaluating the temporal profile of a tunable lens in simulating different multifocal intraocular lenses (M-IOLs) is presented. The proposed method involves the characteristic fitting of the through-focus (TF) optical quality of the multifocal component of a given M-IOL to a linear combination of TF optical quality of monofocal lenses viable with a tunable lens. Three different types of M-IOL designs are tested, namely: segmented refractive, diffractive and refractive extended depth of focus. The metric used for the optical evaluation of the temporal profile is the visual Strehl (VS) ratio. It is shown that the time profiles generated with the VS ratio as a metric in SimVis resulted in TF VS ratio and TF simulated images that closely matched the TF VS ratio and TF simulated images predicted with the M-IOL. The effects of temporal sampling, varying pupil size, monochromatic aberrations, longitudinal chromatic aberrations and temporal dynamics on SimVis are discussed.
Mpls fast reroute and optical mesh protection: a comparative analysis of the capacity required for packet link protection (2004)

Emerging IP/MPLS-based services, such as voice, require high availability. This could be provided either by the underlying optical network or by the packet network itself. Choosing which layer will apply protection is a key network design decision. Two methods are compared from the point of view of the bandwidth required: MPLS fast reroute and optical mesh protection. A packet and an optical network are co-modelled and analyzed using capacity assignment, flow assignment, and survivability algorithms provided by an integrated tool called NetCalc. Results show that for router-to-router link protection, optical mesh protection requires less bandwidth than MPLS fast reroute.
Polyampholyte polymer as a stabiliser for subgrade soil (2016)

This study evaluates the potential of selected ionic polymers to act as pavement subgrade binders. Investigations were based on their relative performance with a Qatari soil which was selected as typical of a pavement subgrade to be found in the Middle East and North African region. The polymeric binders chosen were three synthetic ionic variations of polyacrylamide: cationic poly(acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (designated PAMTAC), anionic hydrolysed poly(acrylamide) (HPAM) and the ampholitic terpolymer poly(acrylamide-co-sodiumacrylate-co-(3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (TPAM). The polymers were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). The comparative performance of the polymer-treated soil was judged on the basis of results obtained from selected standard mechanical test data: specifically, the unconfined compressed strength, the stiffness modulus and the toughness. It is concluded that a 50% w/w aqueous solution of the ampholitic terpolymer applied at a dosage of 2.0% by dry weight of the soil gives the best subgrade stabilisation. Of some significance, it is further noted that this ampholitic polymer was superior as a binding agent to the traditional standard, Portland cement, judged under equivalent but nonstandard conditions. Modifying the polymer to act as a binder for subgrade soils in general is also discussed.
Artificial-Intelligence Technology Predicts Relative Permeability of Giant Carbonate Reservoirs (2007)

Abstract Determination of relative permeability data is required for almost all calculations of fluid flow in petroleum reservoirs. Water-oil relative permeability data play important roles in characterizing the simultaneous two-phase flow in porous rocks and predicting the performance of immiscible displacement processes in oil reservoirs. They are used, among other applications, for determining fluid distributions and residual saturations, predicting future reservoir performance, and estimating ultimate recovery. Undoubtedly, these data are considered probably the most valuable information required in reservoir simulation studies. Estimates of relative permeability are generally obtained from laboratory experiments with reservoir core samples. Because the laboratory measurement of relative permeability is rather delicate, expensive and time consuming, empirical correlations are usually used to predict relative permeability data, or to estimate them in the absence of experimental data. However, developing empirical correlations for obtaining accurate estimates of relative permeability data showed limited success and proved difficult especially for carbonate reservoir rocks. Artificial neural network (ANN) technology has proved successful and useful in solving complex structured and nonlinear problems. This paper presents a new modeling technology to predict accurately water-oil relative permeability using ANN. The ANN models of relative permeability were developed using experimental data from waterflood core tests samples collected from carbonate reservoirs of giant Saudi Arabian oil fields. Three groups of data sets were used for training, verification, and testing the ANN models. Analysis of results of the testing data set show excellent agreement with the experimental data of relative permeability. In addition, error analyses show that the ANN models developed in this study outperform all published correlations. The benefits of this work include meeting the increased demand for conducting special core analysis, optimizing the number of laboratory measurements, integrating into reservoir simulation and reservoir management studies, and providing significant cost savings on extensive lab work and substantial required time.
Layer-Dependent Bit Error Variation in 3-D NAND Flash Under Ionizing Radiation (2020)

In this article, we studied the total ionization dose (TID) effects on the multilevel-cell (MLC) 3-D NAND flash memory using Co-60 gamma radiation. We found a significant page-to-page bit error variation within a physical memory block of the irradiated memory chip. Our analysis showed that the origin of the bit error variation is the unique vertical layer-dependent TID response of the 3-D NAND. We found that the memory pages located at the upper and lower layers of the 3-D stack show higher fails compared to the middle-layer pages of a given memory block. We confirmed our findings by comparing radiation response of four different chips of the same specification. In addition, we compared the TID response of the MLC 3-D NAND with that of the 2-D NAND chip, which showed less page-to-page variation in bit error within a given memory block. We discuss the possible application of our findings for the radiation-tolerant smart memory controller design.
Whole-Body PET/MR Imaging: Quantitative Evaluation of a Novel Model-Based MR Attenuation Correction Method Including Bone (2015)

The novel MR-based AC method for whole-body PET/MR imaging, combining Dixon-based soft-tissue segmentation and model-based bone estimation, improves PET quantification in whole-body hybrid PET/MR imaging, especially in bony tissue and nearby soft tissue.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane Followed by Ethane Pyrolysis (1989)

Abstract When mixtures of methane, ethane and oxygen are cofed over oxidative coupling of methane catalysts, oxygen is preferentially consumed for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane, resulting in low methane conversions and high carbon monoxide production. If, however, ethane is added to the post-oxidation zone of the reactor, methane conversion remains high and the calories generated from this exothermic reaction can be used for the endothermic pyrolysis of ethane to form ethylene plus hydrogen.
Identification of Pro-MMP-7 as a Serum Marker for Renal Cell Carcinoma by Use of Proteomic Analysis (2008)

Proteomics technology combined with serology led to the identification of serum pro-MMP-7 as a marker of RCC and represents a powerful tool in searching for candidate proteins as biomarkers.
Isoniazid prophylaxis differently modulates T-cell responses to RD1-epitopes in contacts recently exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a pilot study (2007)

These data suggest that the effect of INH prophylaxis on RD1-specific T-cell responses may be different based on the population of subjects enrolled (recent infection versus re-infection) and, to a minor extent, on the reagents used.
Method for Forming Cu Metal Wires by Microdispensing Pattern, Part I: Self Assembly Treatment &amp; The Ink-Jet Process (2004)

In this paper, we successfully combined three processes: selfassembled polyelectrolytes, catalyst ink-jet printing, and electroless metal plating technologies for the fabrication of electronic circuits. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) are primarily layer-bylayer adsorbed on the substrate. An inkjet-deposuted catalyst pattern binds by ion exchange to topped-surface PAH and forms metal nanoparticles. Finally, the electroless plating process form the electronic circuit on the pattern of catalyst. Besides, the process of immersing in acidic aqueous environments causes the microporous transformation. Therefore, due to the higher surface area and the microporous structure, these self-assembled polyelectrolyte layers are of great benefit to the absorption of the catalyst used for metal deposition. Hence, the above processes form excellent metal pattern for various substrate, like PET, Glass, PI, FR-4 etc.
<i>In Situ</i> Preparation of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Thin Films for Improved Light-Emitting Devices (2017)

Hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite semiconductors are attractive candidates for optoelectronic applications, such as photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. Perovskite nanocrystals are of particular interest, where electrons and holes can be confined spatially, promoting radiative recombination. However, nanocrystalline films based on traditional colloidal nanocrystal synthesis strategies suffer from the use of long insulating ligands, low colloidal nanocrystal concentration, and significant aggregation during film formation. Here, we demonstrate a facile method for preparing perovskite nanocrystal films in situ and that the electroluminescence of light-emitting devices can be enhanced up to 40-fold through this nanocrystal film formation strategy. Briefly, the method involves the use of bulky organoammonium halides as additives to confine crystal growth of perovskites during film formation, achieving CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> and CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite nanocrystals with an average crystal size of 5.4 ± 0.8 nm and 6.4 ± 1.3 nm, respectively, as confirmed through transmission electron microscopy measurements. Additive-confined perovskite nanocrystals show significantly improved photoluminescence quantum yield and decay lifetime. Finally, we demonstrate highly efficient CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> red/near-infrared LEDs and CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbBr<sub>3</sub> green LEDs based on this strategy, achieving an external quantum efficiency of 7.9% and 7.0%, respectively, which represent a 40-fold and 23-fold improvement over control devices fabricated without the additives.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL TYPE OF AUDIBLE TRAFFIC SIGNAL FOR THE BLIND AND VISUALLY IMPAIRED PEDESTRIANS AND COMPARISON OF ITS ACOUSTIC GUIDING FUNCTION WITH THE PRESENTLY USED AUDIBLE TRAFFIC SIGNAL (1997)

The authors have analyzed the performance of the blind and visually impaired pedestrians crossing intersections at which audible traffic signals (ATS) were equipped and found that they seem to have severe difficulties in taking direction at the starting point of the crosswalk and to maintain direction toward the opposite side of the crosswalk. A type of ATS has been developed that provides the acoustic clue to walk toward the destination. In principle, the new ATS emits sounds alternately from two speakers positioned on both ends of the crosswalk. By using this ATS, it is inferred that blind pedestrians are able to walk at any point on the crosswalk using sound clues emitted from the opposite side of the road. In comparison with the present ATS system, it was found that the new ATS is able to indicate a certain direction to walk while the effect was almost negligible in the present ATS. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.