gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic Max-Min SINR Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted MISO Systems (2020)

This work focuses on the downlink of a single-cell multi-user system in which a base station (BS) equipped with M antennas communicates with K single-antenna users through a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) installed in the line-of-sight (LoS) of the BS. RIS is envisioned to offer unprecedented spectral efficiency gains by utilizing N passive reflecting elements that induce phase shifts on the impinging electromagnetic waves to smartly reconfigure the signal propagation environment. We study the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) achieved by the optimal linear precoder (OLP), that maximizes the minimum SINR subject to a given power constraint for any given RIS phase matrix, for the cases where the LoS channel matrix between the BS and the RIS is of rank-one and of full-rank. In the former scenario, the minimum SINR achieved by the RIS-assisted link is bounded by a quantity that goes to zero with K. For the high-rank scenario, we develop accurate deterministic approximations for the parameters of the asymptotically OLP, which are then utilized to optimize the RIS phase matrix. Simulation results show that RISs can outperform half-duplex relays with a small number of passive reflecting elements while large RISs are needed to outperform full-duplex relays.
Health Insurance Coverage and Its Impact on Medical Cost: Observations from the Floating Population in China (2014)

For the floating population, health insurance coverage needs to be improved. Policy interventions are needed so that health insurance can have a more effective protective effect on cost.
Splicing mutations of the polycystic kidney disease 1 (<i>PKD1</i>) gene induced by intronic deletion (1995)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease which frequently results in renal failure. The major ADPKD gene, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1), has recently been identified. In an attempt to understand better the aetiology of this disorder we have searched for mutations in the PKD1 gene. Analysis of three regions in the 3' part of the gene has revealed two mutations that occur by a novel mechanism. Both mutations are deletions (of 18 or 20 bp) within the same 75 bp intron and although these deletions do not disrupt the splice donor or acceptor sites at the boundary of the intron, they nevertheless result in aberrant splicing. Two different transcripts are produced in each case; one includes the deleted intron while the other has a 66 bp deletion due to activation of a cryptic 5' splice site. No normal product is generated from the deleted gene. Aberrant splicing probably occurs because the deleted intron is too small for spliceosome assembly using the authentic splice sites; this mechanism has previously only been described from in vitro studies of vertebrate genes. A 9 bp direct repeat has been identified within the intron, which probably facilitated deletion by promoting misalignment of sequence. The possible phenotypic implications of producing more than one aberrant PKD1 transcript in these cases are discussed.
Advances on molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions (2012)

Plants have established a complicated immune defense system during co-evolution with pathogens. The innate immune system of plants can be generally divided into two levels. One, named PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), is based on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors, which confers resistance to most pathogenic microbes. The other begins in cytoplasm and mainly relies on recognition of microbial effectors by plant resistance proteins in direct or indirect ways, which then initiates potent defense responses. This process, termed effector-triggered immunity (ETI), is necessary for defense against pathogens that can secret effectors to suppress the first level of immunity. Activation of these two layers of immunity in plant is based on distinguishing and recognition of "self" and "non-self" signals. Recognition of "non-self" signals can activate signal cascades, such as MAPK cascades, which will then induce defense gene expression and corresponding defense responses. In this review, we focused on underlying molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions and the latest advances of the PTI and ETI signaling network.
Assessment of Copy Number Status of Chromosomes 6 and 11 by FISH Provides Independent Prognostic Information in Primary Melanoma (2011)

Melanoma incidence has been rising steadily for decades, whereas mortality rates have remained flat. This type of discordant pattern between incidence and mortality has been linked to diagnostic drift in cancers of the thyroid, breast, and prostate. Ancillary tests, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), are now being used to help differentiate melanomas from melanocytic nevi. Multicolor FISH has been shown to distinguish between these 2 with 86.7% sensitivity and 95.4% specificity. To assess the ability of FISH to differentiate melanomas with metastatic or lethal potential from those with an indolent disease course, we performed FISH with probes targeting 6p25, centromere 6, 6q23, and 11q13 on 144 primary melanomas with a minimal tumor thickness of 2 mm and compared the development of metastatic disease and melanoma-specific mortality as well as relapse-free and disease-specific survival between FISH-positive and FISH-negative cases. Of the melanomas, 82% were positive by FISH according to previously defined criteria. The percentage was significantly higher (93%) in cases that developed systemic metastases (n=43) than in patients that did not (77%, n=101). FISH-positive primaries had a significantly increased risk of metastasis or melanoma-related death compared with FISH-negative cases odds ratio 4.11; confidence interval, 1.14-22.7 and odds ratio 7.0, confidence interval 1.03-300.4, respectively. FISH status remained an independent parameter when controlling for known prognostic factors. These data indicate that the group of melanomas diagnosed with routine histopathology that lack aberrations detected by FISH is enriched for melanomas with a more indolent disease course. This suggests that molecular techniques can assist in a more accurate identification of tumors with metastatic potential.
Delay valving in capillary driven devices based on dissolvable thin films (2014)

This work presents passive time delay valves for micro channels in two different working modes for microfluidic on chip timing. The delay valve designs are compatible with conventional lamination t ...
Stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (2017)

We integrate spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) to enable simultaneously multiplexed spatial <i>and</i> spectral imaging with sensitivity to many endogenous biochemical species that play an important role in biology and medicine. The combined approach, termed SRS-SOCT, overcomes the limitations of each individual method. Ultimately, SRS-SOCT has the potential to achieve fast, volumetric, and highly sensitive label-free molecular imaging. We demonstrate the approach by imaging excised human adipose tissue and detecting the lipids' Raman signatures in the high-wavenumber region.
Low Resistance, Low-Leakage Ultrashallow p&lt;tex&gt;$^+$&lt;/tex&gt;-Junction Formation Using Millisecond Flash Anneals (2005)

Junction formation using solid phase epitaxial (SPE) regrowth has been gaining popularity due to its high activation and low thermal budget which results in lower diffusion. Recently, it was shown that by carrying out the SPE regrowth at 1050/spl deg/C using a single Flash from a millisecond annealing tool it is possible to obtain active concentrations as high as 6.5/spl times/10/sup 20//cm/sup 3/ (Flash SPE process)-much higher than low-temperature SPE-and near as implanted profiles. But the end-of-range (EOR) damage left beyond the amorphous-crystalline (a-c) interface results in poor leakage. We study the effect of a second Flash anneal at higher peak temperatures, and show that we can anneal out the EOR defects while causing minimal diffusion and deactivation of the B. This results in nearly two orders of magnitude reduction in leakage currents compared to a single Flash SPE.
Use of speech-to-text technology for documentation by healthcare providers. (2018)

Medical records are a critical component of a patient's treatment. However, documentation of patient-related information is considered a secondary activity in the provision of healthcare services, often leading to incomplete medical records and patient data of low quality. Advances in information technology (IT) in the health system and registration of information in electronic health records (EHR) using speechto- text conversion software have facilitated service delivery. This narrative review is a literature search with the help of libraries, books, conference proceedings, databases of Science Direct, PubMed, Proquest, Springer, SID (Scientific Information Database), and search engines such as Yahoo, and Google. I used the following keywords and their combinations: speech recognition, automatic report documentation, voice to text software, healthcare, information, and voice recognition. Due to lack of knowledge of other languages, I searched all texts in English or Persian with no time limits. Of a total of 70, only 42 articles were selected. Speech-to-text conversion technology offers opportunities to improve the documentation process of medical records, reduce cost and time of recording information, enhance the quality of documentation, improve the quality of services provided to patients, and support healthcare providers in legal matters. Healthcare providers should recognize the impact of this technology on service delivery.
TheHigh-Anti Conformation of 7-Halogenated 8-Aza-7-deaza-2′-deoxy-guanosines: A Study of the Influence of Modified Bases on the Sugar Structure of Nucleosides (1999)

The conformation of the 7-bromo- and 7-iodo-substituted 8-aza-7-deazapurine nucleosides 1 and 2 in the solid state and in aqueous solution was studied by single-crystal X-ray analyses and by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, both compounds display a high-anti conformation around the glycosylic bond, and their 2′-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranose moieties adopt an N-type sugar puckering. The orientation of the exocyclic C(4′)−C(5′) bond was found to be ap in both cases. In D2O solution, both compounds display i) an 8 – 10% higher N-conformer population than 2′-deoxyguanosine and ii) a preference of the −sc conformation about the C(4′)−C(5′) bond. A comparative study on the influence of modified bases on the sugar structure of nucleosides is made.
Selective decomposition of tetralin hydroperoxide catalysed by quaternary ammonium salts (1991)

E. Napadensky and Y. Sasson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 65 DOI: 10.1039/C39910000065
Topology-based signal separation (2004)

Traditional noise-filtering techniques are known to significantly alter features of chaotic data. In this paper, we present a noncausal topology-based filtering method for continuous-time dynamical systems that is effective in removing additive, uncorrelated noise from time-series data. Signal-to-noise ratios and Lyapunov exponent estimates are dramatically improved following the removal of the identified noisy points.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Conformationally Constrained Histamine H<sub>3</sub> Receptor Agonists (2003)

Immepip, a conformationally constrained analogue of the histamine congener imbutamine, shows high affinity and functional activity on the human H(3) receptor. Using histamine and its homologues as prototypes, other rigid analogues containing either a piperidine or pyrrolidine ring in the side chain were synthesized and tested for their activities at the human H(3) receptor and the closely related H(4) receptor. In the series of piperidine containing analogues, immepip was found to be the most potent H(3) receptor agonist, whereas its propylene analogue 13a was identified as a high-affinity neutral antagonist for the human H(3) receptor. Moreover, replacement of the piperidine ring of immepip by a pyrrolidine ring led to a pair of enantiomers that show a distinct stereoselectivity at the human H(3) and H(4) receptor.
Capture cross section and trap concentration of holes in silicon dioxide (1976)

Hole trapping in thermally grown silicon-dioxide films has been studied using optically induced hot-hole injection in p-channel polysilicon-SiO2-silicon field-effect-transistor structures. Analysis of the data assuming a uniform trap distribution and no detrapping gives 3.1×10−13 cm2 and 1.4×1018 cm−3 for the capture cross section and the trap concentration, respectively. Initial hole-trapping efficiency is almost 99% for a 1000-Å SiO2 film.
A CNN-Specific Integrated Processor (2009)

Integrated Processors (IP) are algorithm-specific cores that either by programming or by configuration can be re-used within many microelectronic systems. This paper looks at Cellular Neural Networks (CNN) to become realized as IP. First current digital implementations are reviewed, and the memoryprocessor bandwidth issues are analyzed. Then a generic view is taken on the structure of the network, and a new intra-communication protocol based on rotating wheels is proposed. It is shown that this provides for guaranteed high-performance with a minimal network interface. The resulting node is small and supports multi-level CNN designs, giving the system a 30-fold increase in capacity compared to classical designs. As it facilitates multiple operations on a single image, and single operations on multiple images, with minimal access to the external image memory, balancing the internal and external data transfer requirements optimizes the system operation. In conventional digital CNN designs, the treatment of boundary nodes requires additional logic to handle the CNN value propagation scheme. In the new architecture, only a slight modification of the existing cells is necessary to model the boundary effect. A typical prototype for visual pattern recognition will house 4096 CNN cells with a 2% overhead for making it an IP.
10 steps to successful human capital management (2005)

CEOs often talk about people being their best asset, but how good are they are measuring and managing it? Not very, according to Dr Stephen Young, deputy regional director of ISR Europe. Here, he offers a 10‐point plan to reaching HR’s “Holy Grail” – effective human capital measurement and management.
The importance ranking of trust attributes in e-Commerce website (2007)

The process of building consumer trust in e-Commerce is based on the presence of trust features or trust attributes in the websites. Trust attributes are usually presented to the consumer by some clues on the homepage. For example, the clue âcontact usâ will be linked to the trust attribute âcompany addressâ. Consumers may examine e-Commerce websites for the existence of trust attributes. However, to date, which trust attributes contribute to the websiteâs trustworthiness and which trust attributes give more value to consumers has not been adequately explored. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is: (1) to look for relevant trust attributes that should be placed in e-Commerce websites and (2) to identify the importance ranking of trust attributes that contribute to the trustworthiness of e-Commerce website. Five e-Commerce trust models were used for deriving the trust attributes. An online survey that received 1230 respondents was carried out to investigate the importance ranking of important trust attributes. This paper contributes to the discussion on how to build trust in e-Commerce for various stakeholders that include consumers, business organizations, system developers, and also to the researchers.
Interactive image analysis in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease (STGD) (2008)

The literature of the last three decades is replete with automatic methods for retinal image analysis. Acceptance has been limited due to post-processing or tuning requirements that may be just as time consuming as the original manual methods. The point of view herein is that by taking advantage of the human visual system and expert knowledge from the outset, the promised efficiencies of digital methods can be achieved in practice as well as in theory. Thus, simple labeling of regions of interest that is accepted and easily performed in a few moments by the human can provide enormous advantage to an already well-developed algorithm. Three examples are provided: drusen segmentation, image registration, and geographic atrophy segmentation, with applications to disease understanding.
A knowledge-based system for selecting test methodologies (1988)

A prototype knowledge-based system that helps select test methodologies for a particular type of logic structure is described. The system, called TDES, (testable design expert system), is a subsystem of Adam, an advanced design automation system. The system is being used to test programmable logic arrays, but its architecture is applicable to other types of structures such as RAMs, ROMs, and other combinational logic. It uses a divide-and-conquer (partitioning) strategy and works interactively with a user as an intelligent consultant and assistant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of fish oils containing different amounts of EPA, DHA, and antioxidants on plasma and brain fatty acids and brain nitric oxide synthase activity in rats (2009)

Both the EPA- and DHA-rich diets affected the blood lipids in a similarly positive manner, and they both had a large impact on plasma phospholipid fatty acids. It was only the unstable oil that increased in vivo lipid peroxidation. However, the intake of DHA was more important than that of EPA for brain phospholipid DHA enrichment and brain NOS activity, and the stability of the fish oil was also important for these effects.
Performance of turbo coded multicarrier CDMA with iterative multiuser detection and decoding (2002)

The performance of a turbo coded MC-CDMA uplink with iterative multiuser detection is evaluated. Optimal likelihood ratios are computed based on the maximum a posteriori criterion using the multiuser signal structure and a priori information of code bits of all other users available from channel decoders. Combining turbo coding and multiuser detection in MC-CDMA has shown performance close to the single user bound with a few iterations of joint detection and decoding. Additionally, a suboptimal approach using soft interference cancellation is also implemented for the uplink transmission and compared with the conventional methods. Simulation results are presented in a Rayleigh multipath fading environment for a typical data transmission scheme.
Windows in the intensive therapy unit (1980)

Retrospective surveys were carried out on two groups of patients who had survived a stay of at least 48 h in an Intensive Therapy Unit. One group had been kept in a unit without windows, and the other in a similar unit with translucent but not transparent windows. Survivors from the windowless unit had a less accurate memory of the length of their stay, and were less well orientated in time during their stay. The incidence of hallucinations and delusions was more than twice as high in the windowless unit. The phenomenon of depersonalisation in the face of life-threatening danger is described and discussed.
Functional components for a security manager within future inter-cloud environments (2011)

Especially in the public sector, great efforts can be seen towards the Inter-Cloud (e.g., USA Federal Government's Cloud Computing Initiative). In order to make a contribution towards the challenges of security management in Cloud Computing respectively Inter-Cloud, this paper focuses on the identification of functional components for a Security Manager. Therefore, we present identified functional components (basic function and process components) for a Security Manager architecture. These components together with identified security data artifacts will support the Cloud provider community to implement a security management system, and facilitate the adoption of this results in the private and public sector. As a first step towards this, we present a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the security management functional components within current Cloud approaches, which can serve as a basis for future developments towards Inter-Cloud environments.
Autotrophic Metabolism of Formate by Thiobacillus Strain A2 (1979)

Summary: Thiobacillus A2 grew on formate as its sole source of carbon and energy. Growth was autotrophic: formate and carbon dioxide were equivalent as carbon sources during growth on formate. Carbon dioxide was fixed by the Calvin cycle in formate- or thiosulphate-grown bacteria which contained comparable high specific activities of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase. Formate incorporated by bacteria growing heterotrophically or on thio- sulphate showed more restricted metabolism, particularly providing carbon for purines. Bacteria growing on formate or thiosulphate assimilated acetate but showed disproportionately high incorporation into glutamate, proline, arginine, leucine, pyrimidines and lipid. Growth kinetics on formate were studied using extended cultures held at constant formate concentrations at pH 7·8. Yield was a function of substrate concentration and growth rate, which were linearly related in the range 4 to 40 mm-formate. Formate was an inhibitory substrate at higher concentrations. A computer analysis of the inhibited growth kinetics indicated K s and K i values of 26·5 and 187 mm-formate, respectively, and a true μ max of 0·299 h−1.
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2011)

This review, comprised of our own data and that of others, provides a summary overview of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition on intestinal inflammation as well as inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis. Experimental colitis in mice represents an excellent in vivo model to define the specific cell populations and target tissues modulated by inhibitors of HDAC. Oral administration of either suberyolanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) or ITF2357 results in an amelioration in these models, as indicated by a significantly reduced colitis disease score and histological score. This effect was paralleled by suppression of proinflammatory cytokines at the site of inflammation as well as specific changes in the composition of cells within the lamina propria. In addition, tumor number and size was significantly reduced in two models of inflammation-driven tumorigenesis, namely interleukin (IL)-10-deficient mice and the azoxymethane-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model, respectively. The mechanisms affected by HDAC inhibition, contributing to this antiinflammatory and antiproliferative potency will be discussed in detail. Furthermore, with regard to the relevance in human inflammatory bowel disease, the doses of ITF2357 considered safe in humans and the corresponding serum concentrations are consistent with the efficacious dosing used in our in vivo as well as in vitro experiments. Thus, the data strongly suggest that HDAC inhibitors could serve as a therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel disease.
A novel study of screening and confirmation of modafinil, adrafinil and their metabolite modafinilic acid under EI-GC-MS and ESI-LC-MS-MS ionization (2009)

The results show that adrafinil, modafinil and their major metabolite modafinilic acid could be detected as a single artifact without differentiation under EI-GC-MSD analysis. However, all drugs could be detected and differentiated under ESI-LCMS/MS analysis without any artifaction. The GC-MSD analysis gives a single artifact for both the drugs without differentiation and thus can be used as a marker for screening purposes. Further, the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) method developed under LC-MS/MS is fit for the purpose for confirmation of suspicious samples in routine sports testing and in forensic and clinical analysis.