gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design space exploration for reliable mm-wave wireless NoC architectures (2013)

The Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm is used as a scalable interconnection infrastructure for multi-core chips. To enhance the performance of conventional interconnect-based multi-core chips, on-chip wireless interconnect has emerged as a radically different technology. However, this emerging interconnect paradigm imposes significant challenges pertaining to reliable integration and design. In this paper, we focus on two types of mm-wave wireless NoC architectures. One is a hierarchical architecture with long-range wireless shortcuts and the other is a power-law connectivity based small-world network without any hierarchy. We demonstrate that though the hierarchical architecture offers more bandwidth with lower energy dissipation than the small-world-based counterpart, it has significantly more area overhead. Also, the power-law connectivity based small-world wireless NoC is more robust in presence of wireless link failures.
A planar variable reluctance magnetic micromotor with fully integrated stator and wrapped coils (2002)

A fully functional electrical excited planar variable reluctance magnetic micromotor has been demonstrated on a silicon wafer. The motor uses a micromachined nickel-iron rotor and a fully integrated stator, in which a toroidal-meander-type integrated inductive component is used for flux generation. To reduce the magnetic reluctance in the stator, a modified stator geometry that removes the yoke used in a conventional reluctance motor was adopted. Using polyimide as both an integral structural material and as an electroplating mold, a 40- mu m-thick nickel-iron rotor 500 mu m in diameter was microassembled onto a fully integrated nickel-iron stator 120- mu m thick. The speed and direction of the rotation can be adjusted by changing the frequency and phase firing order of the power supply, respectively. Continuous rotor rotation was observed at speeds up to 500 rpm; this limitation was solely due to the limitation of the maximum frequency of the controller used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Human Papillomavirus Type 45, a New Type 18-related Virus of the Genital Tract (1987)

DNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 45, a new HPV type 18-related papillomavirus of the genital tract, was cloned from a recurrent cervical lesion displaying mild to moderate dysplasia with koilocytosis. HPV-45 DNA was identified in paraffin sections of biopsies of both the initial and recurrent lesions of the patient, taken 7 months apart. HPV-45 DNA hybridized efficiently to that of many different HPV types under low and moderate stringency conditions (Tm - 37 degrees C to Tm - 25 degrees C) but with only HPV-18 DNA under high stringency conditions (Tm - 17 degrees C). HPV-45 DNA was distinguished from HPV-18 DNA by (i) differences in restriction enzyme digest patterns, (ii) lack of hybridization at Tm - 17 degrees C between HPV-18 and some fragments of HPV-45, (iii) a value of 25% in liquid reassociation kinetics between HPV-18 and HPV-45 and (iv) differences in intensities of hybridization with selected tissue DNAs. The prevalence of HPV-45 infection in the genital tract was low. In tests of over 600 tissue DNAs from female genital tract lesions, HPV-45 sequences were detected in three additional tissues, one each of invasive cervical carcinoma, condyloma, and normal cervical epithelium. HPV-45 is a newly recognized papillomavirus which rarely infects the genital tract and is associated with lesions across a wide histological spectrum.
Controlling the Vapor Transport Crystal Growth of Hg<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> Hard Radiation Detector Using Organic Polymer (2019)

The chalcohalide compound Hg3Se2I2 with a defect anti-perovskite structure has been demonstrated to be a promising semiconductor for room temperature X- and γ-ray detection. In this work, we use transport agents during the vapor growth of Hg3Se2I2 crystals under gradient temperature profiles to dramatically improve the size and yield of Hg3Se2I2 single crystals. Various growth conditions with combinations of organic polymer (polyethylene) with elemental Hg, Se, or I2 are compared. The largest single crystals (with size up to 7 × 5 × 3.5 mm3) were obtained using both polyethylene and excess I2 as the transport agents. The as-prepared detector devices based on these crystals have excellent photo response to a series of radiation sources, including low flux X-ray source, alpha particles, and γ-rays. The X-ray induced photocurrent of Hg3Se2I2 detectors is 3 orders of magnitude higher than the dark current, indicating excellent X-ray photosensitivity. Under 241Am α particle source (5.5 MeV), the best energy resolution obtained is ∼8.1%. The Hg3Se2I2 device also shows improved detector performance under 57Co and 137Cs γ-ray sources. The improved crystal growth and detector performance using this polymer additive during the vapor transport process further confirms the great potential for the development of Hg3Se2I2 for radiation detection.
Granulysin activates antigen-presenting cells through TLR4 and acts as an immune alarmin (2010)

Granulysin (GNLY), an antimicrobial protein present in the granules of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, is produced as an intact 15-kDa form that is cleaved to yield a 9-kDa form. Alarmins are endogenous mediators that can induce recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and consequently promote the generation of immune response. We hypothesized that GNLY might function as an alarmin. Here, we report that both 9- and 15-kDa forms of recombinant GNLY-induced in vitro chemotaxis and activation of both human and mouse dendritic cells (DCs), recruited inflammatory leucocytes, including APCs in mice, and promoted antigen-specific immune responses upon coadministration with an antigen. GNLY-induced APC recruitment and activation required the presence of Toll-like receptor 4. The observed activity of recombinant GNLY was not due to endotoxin contamination. The capability of the supernatant of GNLY-expressing HuT78 cells to activate DC was blocked by anti-GNLY antibodies. Finally we present evidence that supernatants of degranulated human NK92 or primary NK cells also activated DCs in a GNLY- and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner, indicating the physiologic relevance of our findings. Thus, GNLY is the first identified lymphocyte-derived alarmin capable of promoting APC recruitment, activation, and antigen-specific immune response.
Towards the synthetic all-optical computer: science fiction or reality? (2004)

The global race for the optically integrated photonic chip is driven by the prospective that miniaturization of optical devices and enhanced chip functionality may revolutionize the manufacture of optical circuits, and the futuristic dream of the all-optical computer may come true. The aim of this article is to take a brief yet critical look at some developments in microsphere self-assembly of colloidal photonic crystals and their technological potential from the perspective of research results that have recently emerged from our materials chemistry group. The focus of the discussion centers on the provocative vision of the “colloidal photonic crystal micropolis”, Fig. 1, which depicts the direction in which the colloidal photonic crystal research of our materials chemistry group is heading. It is intended to bring to the forefront the pointed question of whether the most recent versions of colloidal photonic crystals and their integration on chips, developed in our laboratory, can rise to the stringent specifications of structural perfection and optical quality, functionality and complexity that will be demanded for photonic crystal optical devices and optical circuits touted for next generation all-optical chip and telecommunication technologies.
Water-Solubilization of P(V) and Sb(V) Porphyrins and Their Photobiological Application (2015)

Porphyrins have been widely utilized as biochemical and biological functional chromophores which can operate under visible-light irradiation. Water-soluble porphyrins have been used as the drug for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic inactivation (PDI). Although usual water-solubilization of porphyrins has been achieved by an introduction of an ionic group such as ammonium, pyridinium, sulfonate, phosphonium, or carboxyl to porphyrin ring, we proposed the preparation of water-soluble P and Sb porphyrins by modification of axial ligands. Alkyl (type A), ethylenedioxy (type E), pyridinium (type P), and glucosyl groups (type G) were introduced to axial ligands of Sb and P porphyrins to achieve water-solubilization of Sb porphyrin and P porphyrins. Here, we review their water-soluble P and Sb porphyrins from the standpoints of preparation, bioaffinity, and photosensitized inactivation.
Carbohydrate-controlled serine protease inhibitor (serpin) production in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum (2021)

The Serine Protease Inhibitor (serpin) protein has been suggested to play a key role in the interaction of bifidobacteria with the host. By inhibiting intestinal serine proteases, it might allow bifidobacteria to reside in specific gut niches. In inflammatory diseases where serine proteases contribute to the innate defense mechanism of the host, serpin may dampen the damaging effects of inflammation. In view of the beneficial roles of this protein, it is important to understand how its production is regulated. Here we demonstrate that Bifidobacterium longum NCC 2705 serpin production is tightly regulated by carbohydrates. Galactose and fructose increase the production of this protein while glucose prevents it, suggesting the involvement of catabolite repression. We identified that di- and oligosaccharides containing galactose (GOS) and fructose (FOS) moieties, including the human milk oligosaccharide Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), are able to activate serpin production. Moreover, we show that the carbohydrate mediated regulation is conserved within B. longum subsp. longum strains but not in other bifidobacterial taxons harboring the serpin coding gene, highlighting that the serpin regulation circuits are not only species- but also subspecies- specific. Our work demonstrates that environmental conditions can modulate expression of an important effector molecule of B. longum, having potential important implications for probiotic manufacturing and supporting the postulated role of serpin in the ability of bifidobacteria to colonize the intestinal tract.
Distribution of cardiac myosin isozymes in cardiomyopathy. Immunohistochemical and gene analysis. (1987)

We characterized cardiac myosin isoforms by immunohistochemical approaches using monoclonal antibodies and demonstrated the existence of a distinctive type of cardiac myosin heavy chain which predominates in the fetal stage but is depressed during postnatal development. Furthermore, we showed that this type of cardiac myosin heavy chain was markedly expressed in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The results suggested that the pathologic process involved in dilated cardiomyopathy affects myocardial differentiation by the inhibition of the myosin gene switching that normally occurs during muscle maturation. However, we could not find any polymorphism in myosin gene in our population sample of dilated cardiomyopathy. The pathophysiological role of fetal type cardiac myosin expression in dilated cardiomyopathy will be clarified by the characterization of the myosin near future.
Bombyx Mori Strains Useful for Efficient Recombinant Protein Production Using a Baculovirus Vector (2012)

The silkworm-baculovirus expression system is known as one of the most efficient methods for mass production of recombinant eukaryotic proteins. Many protein species, such as secretory, membrane, and nuclear proteins, are successfully expressed in this system and used for scientific research and industry. Several recent studies have greatly contributed to reducing the amount of time and labor required to generate recombinant viruses. Additionally, modifications of virus vectors have made this system a more attractive alternative for protein scientists. However, there are few reports on the screening and improvement of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as a host insect. In this review, we describe an overview of the silkworm-baculovirus expression system and the improvement of silkworm as a host insect by the screening of silkworm bioresources and transgenic silkworm technology.
Digital holography and 3D imaging: introduction to feature issue (2012)

This feature issue of Applied Optics on Digital Holography and 3D Imaging is the sixth of an approximately annual series. Forty-seven papers are presented, covering a wide range of topics in phase-shifting methods, low coherence methods, particle analysis, biomedical imaging, computer-generated holograms, integral imaging, and many others.
An effective BIST architecture for sequential fault testing in array multipliers (2003)

Sequential fault testing approaches for array multipliers proposed in the past target only external testing and impose significant hardware overhead due to excessive DFT modifications. In this paper we present, for the first time, a BIST architecture which does not require any DFT modifications in the multiplier structure and provides a fault coverage larger than 99% for a comprehensive sequential fault model (RS-CFM) for any multiplier size. Both robust and non-robust testing are considered. The applicability of the BIST architecture is further justified considering the case of the transistor stuck-open fault model, where a fault coverage larger than 99% is also achieved in any case.
User and device localization using probabilistic device log trilateration (2011)

This paper describes a method to learn demand models and find relative locations of users and devices based on usage logs only. It therefore allows the monitoring and optimization of infrastructures using a signal that is often already available. Absolute positions can be obtained by combining the usage logs with a small number of hand-labeled positions of users and/or devices. The method exploits the characteristic that each time a user uses the infrastructure he typically interacts with the device that is closest to his physical position. This gives information about closest pairs. Special jobs that cannot be performed on all devices, the temporary unavailability of devices, or other reasons that prevent users from using the closest device, allow relative locations to be determined based on relationships beyond pairs, hence breaking the symmetries and ambiguities that would remain if only pairs could be used. This procedure is similar in spirit to the process of trilateration: a geometric method for determining the intersections of spheres given their centers and radii. Experiments show that a probabilistic model combined with Bayesian inference makes it possible to infer user and device locations relatively accurately in many settings and gives sensible descriptions of uncertainty in cases the logs do not provide enough information.
HIGH-PERFORMANCE INTERBAND CASCADE LASERS FOR λ = 3-4.5 μ<font>m</font> (2012)

We discuss the single-mode performance characteristics of midwave-infrared interband cascade lasers. Broad-area devices with 5 active stages display pulsed threshold current densities as low as 375 A/cm 2 and threshold power densities as low as 920 W/cm 2 at room temperature, owing in part to the suppression of Auger recombination. Narrow ridges were processed using optical lithography to incorporate a periodically-corrugated pattern into the sidewalls. The corrugations are intended to suppress lasing in higher-order lateral modes, and also provide a 4 th -order grating for distributed feedback. A corrugated-sidewall device operating at T = -20° C produced more than 46 mW of cw output in a single spectral mode, with a peak wallplug efficiency of 7.6%. The device maintains single-mode operation at current densities up to 10 times the lasing threshold, and the single-mode tuning range is 26 nm if both current and temperature are varied. Another device operating at -23°C produces up to 31 mW of single-mode power in the 3.3142-3.3164 μm range that spans several of the strongest absorption signature lines for methane.
A New Wellbore Position Calculation Method (2002)

Abstract A method is described for combining multiple wellbore surveys to obtain a single composite, more accurate, well position. Established methods for defining the wellbore position, and its associated uncertainty, rely upon accepting the position obtained from the most accurate survey instrument used in each section of the wellbore. This position is then assigned an uncertainty based on the information from this single survey instrument run. Today, when a modern wellbore is constructed, each section may be surveyed for position many times using one or more magnetic, gyroscopic or inertial survey instruments. By statistically combining the wellbore positions obtained from all of the survey instruments run in a given section of the wellbore a new position, designated the ‘Most Accurate Position’ (MAP), is calculated. The main advantage of the MAP is that its uncertainty is smaller than the uncertainty of any of the constituent surveys. The major benefits of this technique will be to facilitate the drilling of smaller targets at greater distances, allow the drilling of new wellbores in closer proximity to existing wellbores while maintaining accepted safety clearance rules, and improved reservoir delineation.
Autonomous Vehicle Dynamic Model-Based Navigation for Small UAVs (2016)

NAVIGATION is a quarterly journal published by the Institute of Navigation. The journal publishes original, peer-reviewed articles on all aspects of positioning, navigation, and timing. The journal also publishes selected technical notes and survey articles, as well as papers of exceptional quality drawn from the Institute’s conference proceedings.
Studies of ion beam generation efficiency with reflex tetrodes. Interim report (1978)

The unidirectionality of the ion current in a reflex tetrode has as a result the efficient generation of pulsed, ion beams. Experimental results are reported on the dependence of the ion generation efficiency, in a reflex tetrode, upon the applied voltage, total current, anode-anode and anode-cathode separations and applied magnetic field.
Design of novel capacitive type torque sensor for robotic applications (2016)

This paper introduces a novel capacitive type torque sensor. The developed torque sensor measures single axis torque value by using two capacitance transducing cells. To make a linear relation between the capacitance and the deformation, the shape of flexure hinge is considered to be deformed constantly. Also, the nonlinear curve fitting method is used to fit the capacitance linearly. Finally, the performance of the sensor is verified in reference to a commercial torque sensor
Loss-of-Function Mutations in Chitin Responsive Genes Show Increased Susceptibility to the Powdery Mildew Pathogen <i>Erysiphe cichoracearum</i> (2005)

Chitin is a major component of fungal walls and insect exoskeletons. Plants produce chitinases upon pathogen attack and chito-oligomers induce defense responses in plants, though the exact mechanism behind this response is unknown. Using the ATH1 Affymetrix microarrays consisting of about 23,000 genes, we examined the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings to chito-octamers and hydrolyzed chitin after 30 min of treatment. The expression patterns elicited by the chito-octamer and hydrolyzed chitin were similar. Microarray expression profiles for several genes were verified via northern analysis or quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. We characterized T-DNA insertion mutants for nine chito-oligomer responsive genes. Three of the mutants were more susceptible to the fungal pathogen, powdery mildew, than wild type as measured by conidiophore production. These three mutants included mutants of genes for two disease resistance-like proteins and a putative E3 ligase. The isolation of loss-of-function mutants with enhanced disease susceptibility provides direct evidence that the chito-octamer is an important oligosaccharide elicitor of plant defenses. Also, this study demonstrates the value of microarray data for identifying new components of uncharacterized signaling pathways.
Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor or Related Factors Promote the Differentiation of Neuronal and Astrocytic Precursors within the Developing Murine Spinal Cord (1996)

Previously we have shown that leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) potentiates the development of murine spinal cord neurons in vitro, suggesting that it, or related factors, may play an important regulatory role in neuronal development. We have further investigated this role and show here that the generation of neurons in cultures of embryonic day 10 spinal cord cells is inhibited by antibodies to the beta subunit of the LIF receptor. Since there are more undifferentiated precursors in antibody-treated cultures than in control and LIF-treated cultures, it is concluded that the primary action of LIF, or related molecules, is to promote neuronal differentiation, not precursor survival. In addition, the failure of LIF to support neuronal survival in the period immediately following differentiation suggests that the increased numbers of neurons generated with LIF are not attributable to its neurotrophic action. By selecting neuronal precursors on the basis of their inability to express class 1 major histocompatibility complex molecules, it was shown that LIF acted directly upon these cells and not via an intermediary cell. LIF also appears to be involved in regulating the differentiation of astrocytes, since it increases the number of glial fibrillary protein (GFAP)-positive cells present in the cultures and since the spontaneous production of GFAP-positive cells is blocked by antibodies to the LIF beta receptor. These findings suggest that LIF or related factors promote the differentiation of neural precursors in the spinal cord, but that they are not involved in preferentially promoting precursors down a specific differentiation pathway.
Processing top k queries from samples (2006)

Top-k queries are desired aggregation operations on data sets. Examples of queries on network data include the top 100 source AS's, top 100 ports, or top Domain names over IP packets or over IP flow records. Since the complete dataset is often not available or not feasible to examine, we are interested in processing top-k queries from samples.