gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Solution and Solid Phase Chemical Synthesis of Arabinonucleotides. (1989)

A fast and convenient procedure for the chemical synthesis of arabinonucleotides, which eliminates the multistep protection of the arabinonucleoside building blocks, is described. The results of these studies were successfully applied to the automated chemical synthesis of the hexanucleotide 5′-aUpaApaUpaApaUpaA-3′. Both solution and solid phase phosphite triester procedures are described. Keywords: arabinonucleotides, arabinophosphoramidites, automated chemical synthesis, protected arabinonucleosides.
Radon in Europe (1996)

There are still some governmental institutions, e.g., in Sweden and the United Kingdom, which promote the {open_quotes}official {close_quotes} dose and risk estimates for inhaled radon daughters in dwellings, with high numbers of {open_quotes}estimated{close_quotes} radon-induced lung cancers. In most other countries, the accumulating evidence that there are no demonstrable detrimental health effects of overground radon (with the possible exception of extremely high concentrations and predamaged bronchial tracts, in particular in heavy smokers), slowly finds its way into regulatory practice, with de facto intervention levels of 1000 Bq/m{sup 3} already being applied, for example in Switzerland and Germany.
Promises of Main Group Metal–Based Nanostructured Materials for Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction to Formate (2019)

Abstract Selective CO 2 reduction to formic acid or formate is the most technologically and economically viable approach to realize electrochemical CO 2 valorization. Main group metal–based (Sn, Bi, In, Pb, and Sb) nanostructured materials hold great promise, but are still confronted with several challenges. Here, the current status, challenges, and future opportunities of main group metal–based nanostructured materials for electrochemical CO 2 reduction to formate are reviewed. Firstly, the fundamentals of electrochemical CO 2 reduction are presented, including the technoeconomic viability of different products, possible reaction pathways, standard experimental procedure, and performance figures of merit. This is then followed by detailed discussions about different types of main group metal–based electrocatalyst materials, with an emphasis on underlying material design principles for promoting the reaction activity, selectivity, and stability. Subsequently, recent efforts on flow cells and membrane electrode assembly cells are reviewed so as to promote the current density as well as mechanistic studies using in situ characterization techniques. To conclude a short perspective is offered about the future opportunities and directions of this exciting field.
Fast embedded compression for video (1999)

An embedded coding algorithm creates a compressed bit stream that can be truncated to produce reduced resolution versions of the original image. Unfortunately, such algorithms are relatively slow. We introduce two new concepts in an effort to address this problem: adaptive embedding and cache-based zerotree processing.
A versatile, producible, digital FPA architecture (2006)

Advances in infrared (IR) focal plane arrays (FPA) have steadily encroached upon the limits of technology. Larger formats, smaller detectors, and higher operability have improved performance. The next step is an FPA that accepts photons and converts them into a corresponding digital word. This advancement reduces susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (EMI) at the interface and minimizes the complexity of the downstream electronics. Attempts to integrate this function in an FPA involved technical difficulties such as increased power, low resolution, and non-linearity. Santa Barbara Focalplane has successfully developed a number of different types of digital FPAs with improved performance and <i>lower power</i> than equivalent analog FPAs. These FPAs have been integrated into closed-cycle dewar-cooler assemblies (IDCA) and are being shipped in production quantities.
A real-time high data rate acoustic communications receiver demonstration system (2002)

This paper provides a review of the development of a real-time acoustic communications system based on efficient signal processing techniques capable of real-time operation at data throughput rates of up to 24 kbps with minimal re-synchronisation overhead. This system utilises passband open-loop and baseband closed-loop Doppler control to correct for inter platform movement. Novel attributes include implementation of an outboard 16 element array with digital telemetry to permit mid-channel array positioning and to allow mechanical de-coupling of receive platform heave motion. Baseband closed-loop Doppler control and low complexity complex-LMS decision feedback routines have been implemented to permit real-time operation. Results from sea-trials are presented which show robust real-time operation at various ranges and relative inter-platform velocities and with varying signal to noise levels. Descriptions of the various system architecture components are provided.
Vitamin A status and bladder cancer. (1986)

Serum retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), carotenoids, pre-albumin, zinc and copper were measured in a total of 111 patients. Of these 22 men and 9 women (mean age 68.4 years) had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 29 men and 6 women (mean age 68.8 years) had no recurrence of bladder cancer detected at cystoscopy and 24 men and 5 women presented with non-malignant urological diseases. A further group of 16 patients, 14 of whom had a malignancy at some other site, with a mean age of 73.1 years constituted a miscellaneous group. There were no significant differences between any of the groups in serum concentrations of any of the constituents measured. However, serum concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and RBP were significantly lower in a small group of patients with invasive bladder cancer than in patients with non-invasive disease. Similarly, serum concentrations of the same constituents were lower in patients with poorly differentiated tumours. Estimates of retinol and carotenoid intake made by questionnaire showed that these low values were not due to lower intake. The results of this study do not support the suggestion that high dietary intakes of retinol or carotenoid--containing foods are associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer. Furthermore, low serum levels of retinol and associated components were not found in patients with early transitional cell carcinoma. The finding of low serum levels of retinol, RBP and carotenoids in 4 patients with poorly differentiated invasive bladder tumours warrants further study.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐Based Donor–Acceptor Polymers for Selective Dispersion of Large‐Diameter Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes (2015)

Low-bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers are used for the selective dispersion of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs). Through rational molecular design to tune the polymer-SWCNT interactions, highly selective dispersions of s-SWCNTs with diameters mainly around 1.5 nm are achieved. The influences of the polymer alkyl side-chain substitution (i.e., branched vs linear side chains) on the dispersing yield and selectivity of s-SWCNTs are investigated. Introducing linear alkyl side chains allows increased polymer-SWCNT interactions through close π-π stacking and improved C-H-π interactions. This work demonstrates that polymer side-chain engineering is an effective method to modulate the polymer-SWCNT interactions and thereby affecting both critical parameters in dispersing yield and selectivity. Using these sorted s-SWCNTs, high-performance SWCNT network thin-film transistors are fabricated. The solution-deposited s-SWCNT transistors yield simultaneously high mobilities of 41.2 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and high on/off ratios of greater than 10(4) . In summary, low-bandgap DPP donor-acceptor polymers are a promising class of polymers for selective dispersion of large-diameter s-SWCNTs.
Hypoxia Inducible Factor Pathway Inhibitors as Anticancer Therapeutics (2013)

Hypoxia is a significant feature of solid tumor cancers. Hypoxia leads to a more malignant phenotype that is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, is more invasive and has greater metastatic potential. Hypoxia activates the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which mediates the biological effects of hypoxia in tissues. The HIF complex acts as a transcription factor for many genes that increase tumor survival and proliferation. To date, many HIF pathway inhibitors indirectly affect HIF but there have been no clinically approved direct HIF inhibitors. This can be attributed to the complexity of the HIF pathway, as well as to the challenges of inhibiting protein-protein interactions.
Leaping Multiple Headers in a Single Bound: Wire-Speed Parsing Using the Kangaroo System (2010)

More fundamental than IP lookups and packet classification in routers is the extraction of fields such as IP Dest and TCP Ports that determine packet forwarding. While parsing of packet fields used to be easy, new shim layers (e.g., MPLS, 802.1Q, MAC-in-MAC) of possibly variable length have greatly increased the worst-case path in the parse tree. The problem is exacerbated by the need to accommodate new packet headers and to extract other higher layer fields. Programmable routers for projects such as GENI will need such flexible parsers. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the Kangaroo system, a flexible packet parser that can run at 40 Gbps even for worst-case packet headers. Because conventional solutions that traverse the parse tree one protocol at a time are too slow, Kangaroo uses lookahead to parse several protocol headers in one step using a new architecture in which a CAM directs the next set of bytes to be extracted. The challenge is to keep the number of CAM entries from growing exponentially with the amount of lookahead. We deal with this challenge using a non-uniform traversal of the parse tree, and an offline dynamic programming algorithm that calculates the optimal walk. Our experiments on a NetFPGA prototype show a speedup of 2 compared to an architecture with a lookahead of 1. The architecture can be implemented as a parsing block in a standard 400 MHz ASIC at 40 Gbps using less than 1% of chip area.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Service Migration in Vehicular Networks (2019)

Mobile edge computing (MEC)-enabled vehicular networks can improve the quality of service (QoS) of vehicular networks, such as the round-trip time (RTT) and transmission control protocol (TCP) throughput. However, the high mobility of vehicles requires frequent service migrations among MEC servers to maintain the QoS. Frequent service migrations incur prohibitive migration cost. To achieve the tradeoff between the QoS and migration cost, this paper proposes a novel dynamic service migration scheme, which considers the effect of velocities of vehicles. The main idea is that the QoS and migration cost are modeled as the function of velocity, and then they are jointly considered economically. The system captures incomes from vehicles according to their QoS. The cost (expenditure) consists of the migration cost and service cost for the use of computing, communication and memory resources to provide service. The system utility is defined as the difference between incomes and costs. A novel deep reinforcement learning algorithm, i.e., deep Q-learning is employed to maximize the system utility, by designing dynamic service migration scheme. Simulation results show that compared with existing migration schemes, the proposed dynamic scheme can increase the system utility with various velocities. The system utility gain increases as the velocity increases, which reaches about 2 times when the velocity is larger than 30m/s. Moreover, it improves the QoS of vehicles with the higher mobility, where the RTT can be decreased by 2 times, and the TCP throughput can be increased by 1 time.
Mast cells are a major source of basic fibroblast growth factor in chronic inflammation and cutaneous hemangioma. (1995)

Mast cells play an essential role during development of inflammation after chemical and immunological insults and have been implicated in tissue fibrosis and angiogenesis. The exact contribution of mast cells to these conditions is largely unknown. In this study, we found that a potent angiogenic and mitogenic polypeptide, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), is localized to the majority of mast cells from normal skin and lung and in tissue samples characterized by fibrosis, hyperplasia, and neovascularization. Using specific antibodies to mast cell tryptase, tissue macrophage, and bFGF, we demonstrate that cytoplasmic bFGF immunoreactivity is localized to 96.8 +/- 9.6% of tryptase-positive cells in human fibrotic lung tissue (n = 10), 82.3 +/- 6.9% of tryptase-positive cells in rheumatoid synovia (n = 6), and 93.1 +/- 4.8% of tryptase-positive cells in skin hemangioma (n = 5). Moreover, these tryptase-positive cells comprise a major portion (86 to 97%) of nonvascular cells exhibiting cytoplasmic bFGF staining in these tissues. In contrast, macrophage-like cells contribute less than 10% of the bFGF-positive cells in the same samples. The specificity of the immunostaining results was supported by the finding that cultured human mast cells (HMC-1) express both bFGF mRNA and protein. Our data indicate that mast cells, a primary source of heparin, also serve as a significant source of a heparin-binding growth factor, bFGF, in these disease processes. These observations suggest that mast cells may contribute to these pathological conditions by releasing this polypeptide.
Giant energy density and high efficiency achieved in bismuth ferrite-based film capacitors via domain engineering (2018)

Developing high-performance film dielectrics for capacitive energy storage has been a great challenge for modern electrical devices. Despite good results obtained in lead titanate-based dielectrics, lead-free alternatives are strongly desirable due to environmental concerns. Here we demonstrate that giant energy densities of ~70 J cm<sup>-3</sup>, together with high efficiency as well as excellent cycling and thermal stability, can be achieved in lead-free bismuth ferrite-strontium titanate solid-solution films through domain engineering. It is revealed that the incorporation of strontium titanate transforms the ferroelectric micro-domains of bismuth ferrite into highly-dynamic polar nano-regions, resulting in a ferroelectric to relaxor-ferroelectric transition with concurrently improved energy density and efficiency. Additionally, the introduction of strontium titanate greatly improves the electrical insulation and breakdown strength of the films by suppressing the formation of oxygen vacancies. This work opens up a feasible and propagable route, i.e., domain engineering, to systematically develop new lead-free dielectrics for energy storage.
A video-based image processing system for the automatic implementation of the eye involuntary reflexes measurements involved in the Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) (2008)

In order to detect drivers under the influence of substances such as alcohol or drugs, police officers use a standardized set of tests such as the Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) test, the eye convergence test and the pupil’s reaction to light test. These tests are part of the more complete Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) procedures and are essentially applied to the eyes of a driver. These procedures are performed manually by law enforcement officers. The present work describes a video-based image processing system implementing the HGN test, the convergence test and the pupil’s dark room examinations test. This system generates visual stimuli and captures video sequences of the eyes following and reacting to these visual stimuli. The video sequences are processed and analyzed using feature extraction techniques. In the present study, the video-based image processing system is used to detect alcohol related intoxication. This system was tested in an experiment involving 32 subjects dosed to a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in the interval of 0.04% to 0.22%. In order to demonstrate the effects of alcohol on eye signs comparisons are made between pre-dose and post-dose BAC.
Stable and all solution processable quantum dot light-emitting diodes (2023)

Embodiments of the invention are directed to quantum dot light emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) where the electron injection and transport layer comprises inorganic nanoparticles (I-NPs). The use of I-NPs results in an improved QD-LED over those having a conventional organic based electron injection and transport layer and does not require chemical reaction to form the inorganic layer. In one embodiment of the invention the hole injection and transport layer can be metal oxide nanoparticles (MO-NPs) which allows the entire device to have the stability of an all inorganic system and permit formation of the QD-LED by a series of relatively inexpensive steps involving deposition of suspensions of nanoparticles and removing the suspending vehicle.
Relationship of goat with some natural resource parameters in U.P. (2001)

Goat population was found significantly associated with barren land area, population of marginal farmers and agricultural labourers in U.P. Quin-quennial growth of goat population during 1961–1993 was studied for thirteen divisions of U.P. for the six period. Periods 1996–72 witnessed a negative growth of −17.54 percent of whole of U.P. except Agra and Meerut divisions. Jhansi, Varanasi, Gorakhpur, Lucknow, Faizahad, Kumaun and Kanpur divisions registered the maximum growth quring 1972–78 while Agra, Meerut, Morabadabad and Barielly divisions exhibited their maximum growth during 1978–82. Thereafter the growth had been with diminishing rate of stagnancy during rest of the later periods. Prediction equations were developed for getting future projections of goat population for different divisions. Linear regression model was found to be best fit to describe the population growth rate of goat in U.P.
Regulation of epileptiform activity by two distinct subtypes of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (2013)

Our studies suggest that extrasynaptic GABAA receptors play an important role in controlling hyperexcitatory activity, such as that during epileptogenesis, but a less prominent role in modulating a low level of basal activity. We propose that tonic inhibition may play a greater role under pathological conditions than in physiological conditions in terms of modulating neural network activity.
HiLive: real-time mapping of illumina reads while sequencing (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Human thymic epithelial primary cells produce exosomes carrying tissue‐restricted antigens (2015)

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space and have been shown to be present in thymic tissue both in mice and in humans. The source of thymic exosomes is however still an enigma and hence it is not known whether thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are able to produce exosomes. In this work, we have cultured human TECs and isolated exosomes. These exosomes carry tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs), for example, myelin basic protein and desmoglein 3. The presence of TRAs indicates a possible role for thymic epithelium-derived exosomes in the selection process of thymocytes. The key contribution of these exosomes could be to disseminate self-antigens from the thymic epithelia, thus making them more accessible to the pool of maturing thymocytes. This would increase the coverage of TRAs within the thymus, and facilitate the process of positive and negative selection.
Detecting privacy leaks in Android Apps (2014)

Abstract. The number of Android apps have grown explosively in re-cent years and the number of apps leaking private data have also grown. It is necessary to make sure all the apps are not leaking private data before putting them to the app markets and thereby a privacy leaks detection tool is needed. We propose a static taint analysis approach which leverages the control-flow graph (CFG) of apps to detect privacy leaks among Android apps. We tackle three problems related to inter-component communication (ICC), lifecycle of components and callback mechanism making the CFG imprecision. To bridge this gap, we ex-plicitly connect the discontinuities of the CFG to provide a precise CFG. Based on the precise CFG, we aim at providing a taint analysis approach to detect intra-component privacy leaks, inter-component privacy leaks and also inter-app privacy leaks.
Low-Temperature Conformal Atomic Layer Deposition of SiN<sub><i>x</i></sub> Films Using Si<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> Plasma (2015)

A plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) process was developed for the growth of SiNx thin films using Si2Cl6 and NH3 plasma. At substrate temperatures ≤400 °C, we show that this ALD process leads to films with >95% conformality over high aspect ratio nanostructures with a growth per cycle of ∼1.2 Å. The film growth mechanism was studied using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Our data show that on the SiNx growth surface, Si2Cl6 reacts with surface -NH2 groups to form surface -NH species, which are incorporated into the growing film. In the subsequent half cycle, radicals generated in the NH3 plasma abstract surface Cl atoms, and restore an NHx (x = 1,2)-terminated surface. Surface Si-N-Si bonds are also primarily formed during the NH3 plasma half-cycle. The infrared data and Rutherford backscattering combined with hydrogen forward scattering shows that the films contain ∼23% H atoms primarily incorporated as -NH groups.
The roles of the myofibroblast in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of sites of active extracellular matrix synthesis. (1991)

The synthesis of collagen and EIIIA-containing cellular fibronectin in certain forms of pulmonary fibrosis occurs in discrete locations: in the Masson bodies in bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and in focal clusters of fibroblasts (fibroblastic foci) within airspaces in usual interstitial pneumonia. These sites were examined by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against cytoskeletal markers and extracellular matrix components in biopsies from three patients with bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia and four patients with usual interstitial pneumonia. Fibroblasts of both Masson bodies and fibroblastic foci expressed vimentin and alpha smooth muscle actin but not desmin, distinguishing them from true smooth muscle. In both structures fibroblasts with well-formed actin filament bundles were aligned parallel to one another, enmeshed in a matrix of fibronectin-containing fibrils (microtendons) that linked cells and collagen bundles. Similar features characterize the phase of contraction during the healing of skin wounds. This suggests that active contractions of fibroblasts plays a role in the remodeling of the lung in pulmonary fibrosis.
Design of intelligent traffic light control system based on traffic flow (2010)

The article puts forward a design of intelligent traffic control system based on traffic flow, and proposes the intersection video image processing and traffic flow detection algorithm. Application of DSP technology, design the system hardware, write the corresponding software, and realize the intelligent control of traffic light at the intersection according to traffic flow, improving the intersection vehicle capacity of passage.