gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a Silicon Photonic Transceiver for Polarization-Based Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution (2017)

We demonstrate a silicon photonic transceiver circuit to implement polarization encoding/decoding for DV-QKD. The circuit is capable of encoding BB84 states with >30 dB PER and decoding with >20 dB ER.
Drug Targeting of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Inhibits Metabolic Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in a Murine Model of Metabolic Syndrome (2020)

Pharmacological targeting of PAI-1 inhibits atherosclerosis in mice with obesity and metabolic syndrome, while inhibiting macrophage accumulation and cell senescence in atherosclerotic plaques, as well as obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. PAI-1 induces senescence of smooth muscle cells in an LRP1-dependent manner. These results help to define the role of PAI-1 in atherosclerosis formation and suggest a new plasma-lipid-independent strategy for inhibiting atherogenesis.
A gas phase chemical etchant for boron nitride films (1995)

We have demonstrated that boron nitride films deposited on silicon and tantalum can be etched in a hot filament environment with an input gas composition of 1% methane in hydrogen. Etching experiments were carried out at around 800 K on a tantalum foil and at somewhat higher temperatures on silicon substrates. If the etchant is atomic hydrogen or methyl radical, then we estimate etching efficiencies (atoms etched per collision) of ∼10−5 or 10−4 for these species, respectively.
Ultra-flexible production systems for automated factories (2016)

Conveyor based transportation systems are used in today manufacturing environments. The main concept we introduce in this paper is using mobile platforms to move parts, tools and fixtures between workstations in a manufacturing environment instead of conveyors. A conveyor-based production system is a fixed transportation system, hard mounted and not reconfigurable, any change in the conveyors path is costly, time-consuming and difficult. Mobile platforms allow for a more flexible manufacturing environment as it only requires a change in the software to reroute the transportations paths and accommodate the changes to the production flow and workstations. This concept paper addresses two objectives: 1) describe some of the existing mobile platform used in industry today 2) introduce the concepts and a simulation of the ultra-flexible production system.
8-Aza-immucillins as Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase and Nucleoside Hydrolases (2002)

The 8-aza-immucillins (8-aza-9-deazapurines linked from C9 to C1 of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoribitol) have been designed as transition-state analogues of the reactions catalyzed by purine nucleoside phosphorylase and nucleoside hydrolases. Syntheses of the 8-aza-immucillin analogues of inosine and adenosine are described. They are powerful inhibitors of the target enzymes with equilibrium dissociation constants as low as 42 pM.
ChemInform Abstract: Regeneration of Lithium Aluminum Hydride. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of Novel Micro-dystrophins with Enhanced Functionality (2019)

Gene therapies using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have advanced into clinical trials for several diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A limitation of AAV is the carrying capacity (∼5 kb) available for genes and regulatory cassettes (RCs). These size constraints are problematic for the 2.2-Mb dystrophin gene. We previously designed a variety of miniaturized micro-dystrophins (μDys) that displayed significant, albeit incomplete, function in striated muscles. To develop μDys proteins with improved performance, we explored structural modifications of the dystrophin central rod domain. Eight μDys variants were studied that carried unique combinations of between four and six of the 24 spectrin-like repeats present in the full-length protein, as well as various hinge domains. Expression of μDys was regulated by a strong but compact muscle-restricted RC (CK8e) or by the ubiquitously active cytomegalovirus (CMV) RC. Vectors were evaluated by intramuscular injection and systemic delivery to dystrophic mdx<sup>4cv</sup> mice, followed by analysis of skeletal muscle pathophysiology. Two μDys designs were identified that led to increased force generation compared with previous μDys while also localizing neuronal nitric oxide synthase to the sarcolemma. An AAV vector expressing the smaller of these (μDys5) from the CK8e RC is currently being evaluated in a DMD clinical trial.
Two-Step Ocean Velocity Data Assimilation in the Gulf of Mexico (2020)

This paper describes a two-step 3D variational (3DVAR) analysis methodology for achieving velocity data assimilation in an ocean forecasting system. Two separate 3DVAR analyses are performed during each daily forecast cycle. The first 3DVAR analysis utilizes data streams of temperature, salinity, and sea surface height anomaly data in a traditional 3DVAR analysis. The second 3DVAR analysis performs velocity data assimilation using surface drifter data. The covariance model relates the errors between temperature and salinity with geopotential. Geostrophic coupling then relates geopotential to velocity. Steric height calculations convert temperature and salinity vertical error covariances into geopotential covariances. Thus, velocity innovations influence scalar quantities and visa versa. The ocean numerical model is baroclinic, hydrostatic, Boussinesq, has a free-surface, and for this experiment, runs at 4 km resolution with 50 vertical levels that are terrain following near shallow topography and z-levels everywhere else. The data assimilation component performs the two 3DVAR analyses on the same model grid, once per day with a 6-hour incremental insertion hindcast. For each daily cycle, the first 3DVAR analysis creates an analysis that becomes the background for the second 3DVAR analysis. Because the 3DVAR analysis system corrects mesoscales, the increments from the first analysis are added to the 9 three hourly forecast from the previous cycle. These modified forecasts are then averaged together as the background for the 2nd 3DVAR analysis. The surface drifter locations provide velocity trajectories. Positions are decimated to one observation per drifter per day, such that their trajectories represent “nearly” the average velocity for that drifter for each day in order to minimize the effects of inertial oscillations. Since both the observations and the background represent a daily average, the resulting innovations consistently represent daily variability. The approach approximates mesoscale velocity observations compatible with the horizontal length scales typically constrained in the 3DVAR analysis system. Validation compares forecasted speed and direction relative to the in situ drifter trajectory speed and direction. Comparisons of twin experiments with/without velocity data assimilation suggest that the two-step 3DVAR analysis with velocity data assimilation has superior skill.
Transfer-to-Transfer Learning Approach for Computer Aided Detection of COVID-19 in Chest Radiographs (2020)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has severely impacted lives across the globe. Respiratory disorders in COVID-19 patients are caused by lung opacities similar to viral pneumonia. A Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system for the detection of COVID-19 using chest radiographs would provide a second opinion for radiologists. For this research, we utilize publicly available datasets that have been marked by radiologists into two-classes (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19). We address the class imbalance problem associated with the training dataset by proposing a novel transfer-to-transfer learning approach, where we break a highly imbalanced training dataset into a group of balanced mini-sets and apply transfer learning between these. We demonstrate the efficacy of the method using well-established deep convolutional neural networks. Our proposed training mechanism is more robust to limited training data and class imbalance. We study the performance of our algorithm(s) based on 10-fold cross validation and two hold-out validation experiments to demonstrate its efficacy. We achieved an overall sensitivity of 0.94 for the hold-out validation experiments containing 2265 and 2139 marked as COVID-19 chest radiographs, respectively. For the 10-fold cross validation experiment, we achieve an overall Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.996 for COVID-19 detection. This paper serves as a proof-of-concept that an automated detection approach can be developed with a limited set of COVID-19 images, and in areas with scarcity of trained radiologists.
Design of the β3-Adrenergic Agonist Treatment in Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Heart Failure Trial (2020)

Combined pre-and post-capillary hypertension (CpcPH) is a relatively common complication of heart failure (HF) associated with a poor prognosis. Currently, there is no specific therapy approved for this entity. Recently, treatment with beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) agonists was able to improve pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular (RV) performance in a translational, large animal model of chronic PH. The authors present the design of a phase II randomized clinical trial that tests the benefits of mirabegron (a clinically available β3AR agonist) in patients with CpcPH due to HF. The effect of β3AR treatment will be evaluated on pulmonary hemodynamics, as well as clinical, biochemical, and advanced cardiac imaging parameters. (Beta3 Agonist Treatment in Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Heart Failure [SPHERE-HF]; NCT02775539).
EndoV/DNA ligase mutation scanning assay using microchip capillary electrophoresis and dual-color laser-induced fluorescence detection (2011)

We report the ability to detect with high sensitivity sporadic mutations using a mutation scanning assay, which employs thermostable endonuclease V (EndoV) and DNA ligase. The products of the mutation scanning assay were separated using microchip capillary electrophoresis (μCE) and detected with a dual-color laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector. PCR products from mutant and wild-type DNA of p53 exon 8 were generated using Cy3-labeled forward and Cy5-labeled reverse primers to allow LIF detection with μCE. EndoV recognizes and primarily cleaves heteroduplexed DNA one base 3′ to a mismatch and can nick matched sites at low levels as well. DNA ligase is used to reseal nicks generated at matched sites, which creates a highly sensitive and specific assay for analyzing sporadic mutations in genomic DNA. Heteroduplexed DNA samples were treated with EndoV alone and with both EndoV and DNA ligase and separated using a 4% (w/v) linear polyacrylamide gel constituted in 1x TTE buffer, 7 M urea, and 0.05% (w/v) methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, which was used to suppress the EOF in the microchip. Sizing of the bands appearing in the electropherogram revealed the approximate position of the mutation. In this study, mutations present in p53 exon 8 generated Cy3-labeled cleavage products of 158 nt and Cy5-labeled cleavage products of 195 nt. The DNA fragments were simultaneously monitored at their respective color using a dual-color LIF system with the 158 and 195 nt fragments detected along with heteroduplexed fragments of 350 nt. The microchip separation was completed within 7 min, almost ten-fold shorter time compared to conventional capillary gel electrophoresis.
Estimation of Mixed Layer Depth in the Gulf of Aden: A New Approach (2016)

The mixed layer depth (MLD) in Gulf of Aden is analyzed using vertical high resolution (1m) profiles of both temperature and density. Firstly, we examined threshold and gradient methods for estimating the MLD. Close evaluation with individual profiles reveals the failure of both methods for most of the profiles. Furthermore, the curvature method, a relatively recent approach to define ocean MLDs, is established for open water profiles but for marginal seas, like the Gulf of Aden, it detects shallower depths than the actual MLD. These considerable differences motivated us to introduce a new approach of MLD identification, which is developed based on curvature method and is called segment method. Our segment method produces adequate MLD estimates for more than 95% of the profiles and overcomes major limitations of conventional methods. It is less biased and least scattered compared to other methods with a correlation coefficient > 0.95. The mixed layer in Gulf of Aden displays significant seasonal variability and is deeper in winter. Throughout the year, the western part of gulf experiences deeper mixed layer than the eastern part. Regional eddies dominate Gulf of Aden's MLD pattern during all seasons.
Improvement of Embedded Human-Machine Interfaces Combining Language, Hypothesis and Error Models (2011)

In this paper, a generic Symbol Input Correction Method for Human-Machine Interfaces, especially useful for embedded devices where the input subsystem is often size-constrained, combining a Language Model, the Input Hypothesis information and an Error Model is proposed. The approach can be seen as a flexible and efficient way to perform Stochastic Error-Correcting Language Modeling. We use Weighted Finite-State Transducers (WFSTs) to represent the Language Model, the complete set of symbol-input Hypotheses interpreted as a sequence of vectors of symbol probabilities, and an Error Model. This approach is different to other methods since it does not involve an explicit parsing process and also because it combines the practical advantages of a de-coupled (input-system + post-processor) model with the error-recovery power of a integrated approach where the capture and the interpretation are performed in the same element (e.g. in a HMM). The symbol-input subsystem can be a physical, "soft" (touch screen-based) or reduced (as in a mobile phone) keyboard, a speech or gesture-based recognizer, an Off-line or On-line OCR system or any other Human-Machine Interface consisting of a sequence of symbols conveying information belonging to a language where the segmentation of the input is known (although some segmentation errors can be recovered by the Error Model).
Effects of continuous negative airway pressure-related lung deflation on upper airway collapsibility (1993)

Continuous negative airway pressure (CNAP) causes a decrease in lung volume, which is known to increase upper airway resistance by itself. We studied how this lung volume change could modify upper airway collapsibility with five normal awake subjects. In a first trial, pressure in a nasal mask (Pm) was progressively decreased in 3- to 5-cmH2O steps (CNAP). In a second trial, changes in lung volumes resulting from CNAP were prevented by applying simultaneously an equivalent level of negative extrathoracic pressure into a poncho-type respirator [isovolumetric CNAP (CNAPisovol)]. For each trial, we examined the relationship between the maximal inspiratory airflow of each flow-limited inspiratory cycle and the corresponding Pm by least-squares linear regression analysis and determined the critical pressure. We also determined the Pm threshold corresponding to the first Pm value below which flow limitation occurred. Flow limitation was observed in each subject with CNAP but in only two subjects with CNAPisovol. In these two subjects, the Pm threshold values were -20 and -9 cmH2O with CNAP and -39 and -16 cmH2O with CNAPisovol, respectively. Critical pressures for the same two subjects were -161 and -96 cmH2O with CNAP and -202 and -197 cmH2O with CNAPisovol, respectively. We conclude that CNAP-induced decreases in lung volume increase upper airway collapsibility.
Adaptive evolution of heparanase in hypoxia-tolerant<i>Spalax</i>: Gene cloning and identification of a unique splice variant (2005)

Heparan sulfate (HS) side chains of HS proteoglycans bind to and assemble extracellular matrix proteins and play important roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. HS chains bind a multitude of bioactive molecules and thereby function in the control of multiple normal and pathological processes. Enzymatic degradation of HS by heparanase, a mammalian endoglycosidase, affects the integrity and functional state of tissues and is involved in, among other processes, inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Here, we report the cloning of heparanase from four Israeli species of the blind subterranean mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies), 85% homologous to the human enzyme. Unlike its limited expression in human tissues, heparanase is highly expressed in diverse Spalax tissues. Moreover, we have identified a unique splice variant of the Spalax enzyme lacking 16 aa encoded by exon 7. This deletion resulted in a major defect in trafficking and processing of the heparanase protein, leading to a loss of its enzymatic activity. Interspecies variation was noted in the sequence and in the expression of the splice variant of the heparanase gene in blind mole rats living under different ecogeographical stresses, indicating a possible role in adaptation to stress in Spalax evolution.
Efficiency Optimization in Capillary Electrophoretic Chiral Separations Using Dynamic Mobility Matching (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficiency Optimization in Capillary Electrophoretic Chiral Separations Using Dynamic Mobility MatchingYasir Y. Rawjee, Robert L. Williams, and Gyula. VighCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 21, 3777–3781Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00093a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00093a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perfect tracking control using a phase plane for a wheeled inverted pendulum under hardware constraints (2017)

A wheeled inverted pendulum cannot balance without control, and it is important to save motion in a control range. In some situations, however, to avoid a collision, the maximum acceleration and deceleration must be applied. A motion-planning method for a wheeled inverted pendulum (“body” hereafter)-which uses full performance from all attitudes under hardware constraints-was developed. The developed method involves two steps. First, a linear combination of zeroth to fourth differentials of parameters based on the motion equation of a wheeled inverted pendulum is obtained. Second, the arbitrary attitude of the wheeled inverted pendulum and hardware constraints are expressed on a phase plane containing angular rate of body motion and an angular inclination of the body. By executing these two steps, a motion plan can be expressed on the phase plane. A simulation based on a model confirmed that the movement plan formulated by this technique can be followed with no error.
Recent Advances of Table-Top Soft x-ray Lasers (2010)

We review recent advances in the development of high repetition rate table-top soft X-ray lasers that includes their extension to wavelengths down to 10.9 nm and the first demonstration of an all-diode-pumped soft x-ray laser.
A novel self-routing scheme for all-optical packet switched networks with arbitrary topology (2002)

Due to limited available photonic devices, optical networks in the near future will likely employ routing schemes that do not require sophisticated processing of optical packets. In this paper, we propose a novel self-routing scheme for all-optical packet networks that can be applied to networks with arbitrary topology. The proposed routing scheme requires only single bit processing and can be implemented with existing technologies.
CityGuide: A Seamless Indoor-Outdoor Wayfinding System for People With Vision Impairments (2021)

GPS accuracy is poor in indoor environments and around buildings. Thus, reading and following signs still remains the most common mechanism for providing and receiving wayfinding information in such spaces. This puts individuals who are blind or visually impaired (BVI) at a great disadvantage, and thus, there remains a great need to provide a low-cost, easy to use, and reliable wayfinding system within indoor and outdoor spaces that complements existing satellite-based systems. This work designs, implements, and evaluates a wayfinding system and smartphone application called CityGuide that can be used by BVI individuals to navigate their surroundings beyond what is possible with just a GPS-based system. CityGuide enables an individual to query and get turn-by-turn shortest route directions from an indoor location to an outdoor location. CityGuide leverages recently developed indoor wayfinding solutions in conjunction with GPS signals to provide a seamless indoor-outdoor navigation and wayfinding system that guides a BVI individual to their desired destination through the shortest route. Evaluations of CityGuide with BVI human subjects navigating between an indoor starting point to an outdoor destination within an unfamiliar university campus scenario showed it to be effective in reducing end-to-end navigation times and distances of almost all participants.
<title>Design and performance of a small two-axis high-bandwidth steering mirror</title> (1991)

A two-axis, high-bandwidth, small-aperture steering mirror called the High Bandwidth Steering Mirror (HBSM) has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The mirror/mechanism prototype functions within a servo loop either scanning a field of view or tracking a radiation source. The design focused on elements making up the beam-steering mechanism: mirror, restoring flexures, actuators, position sensors, and encompassing housing, and the part each component plays in making a mechanical system suitable for high-bandwidth operation. Inclusion of a novel flexural support allows one-degree peak-to-peak angular stroke (shaft space) at low frequencies and a small-signal closed-loop bandwidth of up to 10 kHz without the usual mechanical resonance-induced loop instabilities. This increased bandwidth allows substantial rejection of a disturbance spectrum in the 10-1000 Hz range and execution of fast, complex scan patterns. Pointing accuracies of 0.2 micronrad have been achieved in the laboratory. Details of the mechanical design and fabrication issues as well as the control-loop implementation are discussed. Test data are presented along with reports of the mirror's performance in use as an extended sensor.