gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Appearance-based video clustering in 2D locality preserving projection subspace (2007)

In this paper we introduce an effective and unified approach to creating quality video abstractions. The research was motivated by a recently developed subspace learning method called 2D-LPP, or two-dimensional Locality Preserving Projection, which proved to be effective for dimensionality reduction and discriminating enough in 'appearance-based' image recognitions. By exploiting temporal constraints (sequential correlations / contextual content) inherent in a video (vs. random collection of static images) and the use of two 2D-LPP in tandem, an image in the original extremely high (m×n)-dimensional pixel-based image space Im×n is transformed into a point in the compact (d×d)-dimensional feature subspace fd×d, with (d ≪ m) and (d << n). This feature subspace has the desired property that visually similar images in Im×n stay close in fd×d and the intrinsic geometry and local structure of the original data are preserved. The feature subspace then lends itself easily to a conventional data clustering technique to identify suitably scattered but temporally connected clusters. If necessary, a global visual colour descriptor can also be used, so the distance metric in clustering incorporates both global and local characteristics. From the clusters, which satisfy some cluster-validity constraints and user requirements (e.g., the number of clusters, most stable or most dynamic content, etc), a summary storyboard of the video is created, comprising pertinent video frames whose features are closest to the centroid of each cluster, for content browsing and search purposes. Experiments on various videos show that the summarisation results are very encouraging when compared with manually acquired 'ground truth'.
Mode dependent DCT/DST for intra prediction in block-based image/video coding (2011)

In this paper, we present a mode-dependent transform scheme that applies either the conventional DCT or type-7 DST for all the video-coding intra-prediction modes: vertical, horizontal or oblique. Our approach is applicable to any block-based intra prediction scheme in a codec, that employs transforms along the horizontal and vertical direction separably. Previously Han, Saxena & Rose showed that for the intra-predicted residuals of horizontal and vertical modes, the DST is the optimal transform with performance close to KLT. Here we prove that this is indeed the case for the other oblique modes. The choice of using DCT/DST is based on intra-prediction modes, and requires no additional signaling information or Rate-Distortion search. Simulations are conducted for the DCT/DST algorithm in TMuC 0.9, the reference software for the ongoing HEVC standardization. Our results show that the DCT/DST scheme provides significant BD-Rate improvement over the DCT for intra prediction in video sequences.
Counterfactual-based Incrementality Measurement in a Digital Ad-Buying Platform (2017)

The problem of measuring the true incremental effectiveness of a digital advertising campaign is of increasing importance to marketers. With a large and increasing percentage of digital advertising delivered via Demand-Side-Platforms (DSPs) executing campaigns via Real-Time-Bidding (RTB) auctions and programmatic approaches, a measurement solution that satisfies both advertiser concerns and the constraints of a DSP is of particular interest. MediaMath (a DSP) has developed the first practical, statistically sound randomization-based methodology for causal ad effectiveness (or Ad Lift) measurement by a DSP (or similar digital advertising execution system that may not have full control over the advertising transaction mechanisms). We describe our solution and establish its soundness within the causal framework of counterfactuals and potential outcomes, and present a Gibbs-sampling procedure for estimating confidence intervals around the estimated Ad Lift. We also address practical complications (unique to the digital advertising setting) that stem from the fact that digital advertising is targeted and measured via identifiers (e.g., cookies, mobile advertising IDs) that may not be stable over time. One such complication is the repeated occurrence of identifiers, leading to interference among observations. Another is due to the possibility of multiple identifiers being associated with the same consumer, leading to "contamination" with some of their identifiers being assigned to the Treatment group and others to the Control group. Complications such as these have severely impaired previous efforts to derive accurate measurements of lift in practice. In contrast to a few other papers on the subject, this paper has an expository aim as well, and provides a rigorous, self-contained, and readily-implementable treatment of all relevant concepts.
Improved Yields of Factor VIII from Heparinized Plasma (1979)

The Factor VIII procoagulant activity in plasma, cryoprecipitate, and their polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitates is markedly increased if blood is collected into heparin rather than into citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD). There is a 34% increase in the initial level of the Factor VIII activity in the heparinized plasma with 78% of this initial activity (184 U) recovered in the cryoprecipitated. As well, the stability of the Factor VIII activity is improved: after 24 h of incubation at 22 degrees C, 99% of the initial activity is retained in heparinized plasma whereas only 64% remains in CPD plasma. The cryoprecipitate prepared from heparinized plasma is equally stable after 24 h. The PEG concentrate prepared from the cryoprecipitate of heparinized plasma is increased to 128 U compared to only 54 U from CPD plasma. Relative recoveries were 531 U/l for heparinized plasma versus 215 U/l for CPD plasma. This represents a 147% increase in yield.
Combined effects of pulse pile-up and energy response in energy-resolved, photon-counting computed tomography (2011)

The very high x-ray flux rates employed in today's human computed tomography (CT) scanners in order to keep scanning times at a conveniently low level constitute the most challenging obstacle to the advent of clinical, photon-counting (spectral) CT. Even with most sophisticated, application-specific, energy-discriminating, photon-counting readout electronics, designed for room-temperature semi-conductor sensors like CdTe or CZT, the effects of spectral degradation due to pulse pile-up, i.e., count rate losses and gains will have to be taken into account in a clinical setting. The energy registered in a first-order pile-up event (superposition of two pulses) depends strongly on the energies of the two primaries involved, the difference in their arrival times and the spectral detector response behavior. We present an analytic model for the number of expected counts in binned photon-counting detectors, which is based on work by Wielopolski and Gardner and takes into account the combined effects of a spectral detector response function and 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> order pulse pile-up. The analytic model is validated by means of Monte-Carlo simulations and is applied to a simulation of a clinical spectral CT scenario in the context of K-edge imaging of a high-atomic number element as a contrast material. The artifacts in the reconstructed single-bin images and their manifestation in material-decomposed images are discussed and interpreted in terms of gains and losses of counts due to pile-up. Finally, we discuss the shortcomings of the model like the limitation to 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> order pile-up and the inherent restriction of the Wielopolski-Gardner model to peak pile-up.
Er:YAG laser-induced changes in skin in vivo and transdermal drug delivery (1997)

It has been shown that laser ablation of stratum corneum, in vitro, can result in an increased uptake of topically applied pharmaceuticals. We have performed measurements of drug permeation, using an in vitro model of human skin, that involves a portable Er:YAG laser used to ablate the stratum corneum. For the first time, this method of drug administration was tested in vivo in human volunteers, whereby a hydrocortisone blanching assay was used to assess the efficiency of the procedure. The results show that this is a safe and efficient way to ablate stratum corneum for the purpose of enhanced transcutaneous drug administration.
Microtesla SABRE Enables 10% Nitrogen-15 Nuclear Spin Polarization (2015)

Parahydrogen is demonstrated to efficiently transfer its nuclear spin hyperpolarization to nitrogen-15 in pyridine and nicotinamide (vitamin B(3) amide) by conducting "signal amplification by reversible exchange" (SABRE) at microtesla fields within a magnetic shield. Following transfer of the sample from the magnetic shield chamber to a conventional NMR spectrometer, the (15)N NMR signals for these molecules are enhanced by ∼30,000- and ∼20,000-fold at 9.4 T, corresponding to ∼10% and ∼7% nuclear spin polarization, respectively. This method, dubbed "SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei" or "SABRE-SHEATH", promises to be a simple, cost-effective way to hyperpolarize heteronuclei. It may be particularly useful for in vivo applications because of longer hyperpolarization lifetimes, lack of background signal, and facile chemical-shift discrimination of different species.
Validation of a Prognostic Model and the Impact of Mutations in Patients With Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2012)

Combining the LR-PSS and EZH2 mutation status identifies 29% of patients with lower-risk MDS with a worse-than-expected prognosis. These patients may benefit from earlier initiation of disease-modifying therapy.
A CMOS Digitally Programmable Universal Current-Mode Filter (2008)

A new digitally programmable universal current-mode biquad filter is proposed. The filter is based on digitally controlled current followers (DCCFs). It utilizes gains of the DCCFs to provide precise frequency and/or gain characteristics that can be digitally tuned over a wide range. All parameters of the proposed filter can be adjusted independently. Experimental results obtained from a 0.35-mum standard CMOS chip are provided.
An ultra‐high temperature flow‐through capillary device for bacterial spore lysis (2010)

Rapid and specific characterization of bacterial endospores is dependent on the ability to rupture the cell wall to enable analysis of the intracellular components. In particular, bacterial spores from the bacillus genus are inherently robust and very difficult to lyze or solubilize. Standard protocols for spore inactivation include chemical treatment, sonication, pressure, and thermal lysis. Although these protocols are effective for the inactivation of these agents, they are less well suited for sample preparation for analysis using proteomic and genomic approaches. To overcome this difficulty, we have designed a simple capillary device to perform thermal lysis of bacterial spores. Using this device, we were able to super heat (195 degrees C) an ethylene glycol lysis buffer to perform rapid flow-through rupture and solubilization of bacterial endospores. We demonstrated that the lysates from this preparation method are compatible with CGE as well as DNA amplification analysis. We further demonstrated the flow-through lysing device could be directly coupled to a miniaturized electrophoresis instrument for integrated sample preparation and analysis. In this arrangement, we were enabled to perform sample lysis, fluorescent dye labeling, and protein electrophoresis analysis of bacterial spores in less than 10 min. The described sample preparation device is rapid, simple, inexpensive, and easily integratable with various microfluidic devices.
Debris mitigation and cleaning strategies for Sn-based sources for EUV lithography (2005)

The EUV source is an essential part of an EUV lithography exposure tool. All EUVL sources, and especially Sn-based sources, not only generate the desired radiation at a wavelength of 13.5 nm but also produce debris that limits the lifetime of the collecting optics in the lithographic system. In order to increase the lifetime of these optics we have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of both debris mitigation and cleaning strategies. In this paper, we show the experimental results for different debris mitigation schemes as performed in cooperation with Philips Extreme UV. We performed our experiments under realistic conditions: samples that closely resemble the optics in the EUV lithography set-up and positioned at realistic distances and orientation to the Sn-based EUV source. Using these schemes we were able to suppress both atomic debris and Sn-particles generated by the Sn-based EUV source with 4-5 orders of magnitude. Based on our experiments, we found a significant improvement in the lifetime of the EUV optics. In addition to avoiding the contamination of EUV optics, one can also clean the contaminated EUV optics. To do this, we have developed a technology for removing Sn (and C) using atomic hydrogen. We demonstrated Sn removal at a rate >200 nm/hour under a variety of experimental conditions (temperature, pressure). Our results demonstrate that combining debris mitigation schemes with cleaning schemes could lead to an EUV lithography system with acceptable operational lifetimes.
A Coarse-To-Fine Framework For Video Object Segmentation (2017)

In this study, we develop an unsupervised coarse-to-fine video analysis framework and prototype system to extract a salient object in a video sequence. This framework starts from tracking grid-sampled points along temporal frames, typically using KLT tracking method. The tracking points could be divided into several groups due to their inconsistent movements. At the same time, the SLIC algorithm is extended into 3D space to generate supervoxels. Coarse segmentation is achieved by combining the categorized tracking points and supervoxels of the corresponding frame in the video sequence. Finally, a graph-based fine segmentation algorithm is used to extract the moving object in the scene. Experimental results reveal that this method outperforms the previous approaches in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Fire- and heat-resistant laminating resins based on maleimido-substituted aromatic cyclotriphosphazenes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFire- and heat-resistant laminating resins based on maleimido-substituted aromatic cyclotriphosphazenesDevendra Kumar, George M. Fohlen, and John A. ParkerCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 8, 1250–1257Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00242a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00242a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views591Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Ocular Hypotensive Effects of Prostaglandin F <sub>2α</sub> Ester Prodrugs and Receptor Selective Prostaglandin Analogs (1994)

The use of natural prostaglandins (PG), such as PGD2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2, for treating glaucoma is limited by their ocular side effects. One approach to achieve the required separation of ocular hypotensive activity from side effects is to employ ester prodrugs. From a novel series of 11- and 15-mono and 11,15-diacyl esters of PGF2 alpha we identified prodrugs where PGF2 alpha formation rates in the iris-ciliary body exceeded those in the conjunctiva, sclera, and corneal endothelium. Compared to PGF2 alpha-1-isopropyl ester the ocular tissue hydrolysis rates of the 11-monopivaloyl, the 11,15-dipivaloyl ester and the 1,11-lactone were up to 1000 fold less. Despite this large disparity in hydrolysis rates, the pivaloyl esters and the 1,11-lactone were potent ocular hypotensives in our animal models. In studying prostaglandin analogs, we found that a diverse variety of prostanoid receptor selective agonists lowered intraocular pressure in dogs and/or monkeys. These included DP-, EP1-, EP2-, EP3-, and FP-receptor selective compounds. These findings were surprising and prompted us to re-examine the receptor selectivity of these agonists by radioligand binding studies. Using radiolabelled PGE2, 17-phenyl PGF2 alpha, and sulprostone we were able to confirm the selectivity of the agonists currently used for receptor characterization directly by radioligand binding competition studies. It appears that multiple prostanoid receptor subtypes may be involved in regulating intraocular pressure.
Protein surface recognition with targeted fluorescent molecular probes (2016)

Protein surface recognition by fluorescent molecular sensors poses an immense challenge in supramolecular recognition chemistry owing to the immense difficulty of selectively targeting these large, relatively flat and non-contiguous domains. The fact that protein surfaces can exhibit different charges, topologies, and posttranslational modifications that can be found in other proteins in the mixture is an additional factor that complicates targeting and therefore, sensing specific protein surface modifications. A recent report, however, shows that the difficulty of sensing changes that occur on the surface of specific proteins could be circumvented by attaching a relatively non-specific synthetic receptor to a specific protein binder. The latter brings the receptor near the target protein and enhances its affinity toward its surface. Modifying the synthetic receptor with an environmentally sensitive fluorescent reporter along with suitable recognition elements enables such systems to target specific regions on protein surfaces and consequently, track modifications that result from conformational changes or binding interactions.
Frog skin opioid peptides: a case for environmental mimicry. (1994)

Naturally occurring environmental substances often mimic endogenous substances found in mammals and are capable of interacting with specific proteins, such as receptors, with a high degree of fidelity and selectivity. Narcotic alkaloids and amphibian skin secretions, introduced into human society through close association with plants and animals through folk medicine and religious divination practices, were incorporated into the armamentarium of the early pharmacopoeia. These skin secretions contain a myriad of potent bioactive substances, including alkaloids, biogenic amines, peptides, enzymes, mucus, and toxins (noxious compounds notwithstanding); each class exhibits a broad range of characteristic properties. One specific group of peptides, the opioids, containing the dermorphins (dermal morphinelike substances) and the deltorphins (delta-selective opioids), display remarkable analgesic properties and include an amino acid with the rare (in a mammalian context) D-enantiomer in lieu of the normal L-isomer. Synthesis of numerous stereospecific analogues and conformational analyses of these peptides provided essential insights into the tertiary composition and microenvironment of the receptor "pocket" and the optimal interactions between receptor and ligand that trigger a biological response; new advances in the synthesis and receptor-binding properties of the deltorphins are discussed in detail. These receptor-specific opioid peptides act as more than mimics of endogenous opioids: their high selectivity for either the mu or delta receptor makes them formidable environmentally derived agents in the search for new antagonists for treating opiate addiction and in the treatment of a wide variety of human disorders.
Solar Cogeneration of Electricity with High-Temperature Process Heat (2020)

Side-by-side installations of flat plate photovoltaics and parabolic trough collectors consume significant space and have high system losses; by using an all-in-one, spectrum-splitting hybrid receiver, electricity and high-temperature heat can be generated with a single efficient system. Here, the performance of a transmissive concentrator photovoltaic/thermal (tCPV/T) system is demonstrated on-sun, with a total energy efficiency of 85.1% ± 3.3%, 138 W electric power at 304 suns (with average cell temperatures <110°C), 903 W hot water output (average 34°C and 1.7 bar, peak temperatures to 56°C), and 1,139 W high-temperature steam output (average 201°C and 45 bar, peak temperatures up to 248°C). The spectrum-splitting hybrid receiver uses a sparse array of III–V triple-junction solar cells on GaAs substrates contained within a transparent microchannel water cooling stack, followed by a structured flow path thermal receiver cooled with pressurized water. System economics based on a 2.72-m2 prototype performance is shown to be at or near market competitiveness to natural-gas-produced process heat for a variety of locations, with a levelized cost of heat of 0.03 $/kWth for an installation in San Diego, California.
A power system includes an engine, a motor/generator operatively connected to the engine, and a starter operatively connected to at least one of the engine and the motor/generator. (2008)

A power system includes an engine, a motor/generator operatively connected to the engine, and a starter operatively connected to at least one of the engine and the motor/generator.