gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of high-isolation and wideband RF switches in SiGe BiCMOS technology for radar applications (2012)

RF switches are an essential building block in numerous applications, including tactical radar systems, satellite communications, global positioning systems (GPS), automotive radars, wireless communications, radio astronomy, radar transceivers, and various instrumentation systems. For many of these applications the circuits have to operate reliably under extreme operating conditions, including conditions outside the domain of commercial military specifications. The objective of this thesis is to present the design procedure, simulation, and measurement results for Radio Frequency (RF) switches in 130 nm Silicon Germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS process technology. The novelty of this work lies in the proposed new topology of an ultrahigh-isolation single-pole, single-throw (SPST) and a single pole, four-throw (SP4T) nMOS based switch for multiband microwave radar systems. The analysis of cryogenic temperature effects on these circuits and devices are discussed in this work. The results shows that several key-figures-of-merits of a switch, like insertion loss, isolation, and power handling capability (P1dB) improve at cryogenic temperatures. These results are important for several applications, including space-based extreme environment application where FET based circuits would need to operate reliably across a wide-range of temperature.
Terpenoids (2006)

Abstract The terpenoids are a family of natural products defined as being those possessing a carbon skeleton based on isoprene units. This skeletal feature stems from their biosynthesis from mevalonic acid. They serve a wide range of functions in nature including defensive resins, pheromones, antioxidants, and the pigments responsible for vision. It is not surprising therefore that they are also of considerable importance commercially and find application as flavors, fragrances, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Volatile terpenoids, such as geraniol, linalool, citronellol, citral, and the ionones and damascones, are important in the flavor and fragrance industry. Campholenic aldehyde, the precursor for a range of sandalwood odored materials, is an example of a key terpenoid intermediate. Currently, the best‐known terpenoid pharmaceutical is probably the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Industrial routes to terpenoid compounds comprise an interesting mixture of extraction from nature, partial synthesis from natural feedstocks and total synthesis from petrochemicals. In many instances, two or even all three of these possibilities exist in technocommercial equilibrium. Principal feedstocks include α‐pinene, β‐pinene, myrcene, limonene, isoprene, isobutylene, acetone, and acetylene. In this article, a brief summary of the biosynthesis of terpenoids is followed by a description of the main industrial routes to those of commercial importance. The remainder comprises a series of monographs on the commercially more important members of the family including monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, carotenoids, and terpenoid degradation products, such as the ionones, damascones, and ambergris chemicals.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Properties of Biotin Sulfoxide Reductase (2001)

Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans biotin sulfoxide reductase catalyzes the reduction of d-biotin d-sulfoxide (BSO) to biotin. Initial rate studies of the homogeneous recombinant enzyme, expressed in Escherichia coli, have demonstrated that the purified protein utilizes NADPH as a facile electron donor in the absence of any additional auxiliary proteins. We have previously shown [Pollock, V. V., and Barber, M. J. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3355-3362] that, at pH 8 and in the presence of saturating concentrations of BSO, the enzyme exhibits, a marked preference for NADPH (k(cat,app) = 500 s(-1), K(m,app) = 269 microM, and k(cat,app)/K(m,app) = 1.86 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)) compared to NADH (k(cat,app) = 47 s(-1), K(m,app) = 394 microM, and k(cat,app)/K(m,app) = 1.19 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)). Production of biotin using NADPH as the electron donor was confirmed by both the disk biological assay and by reversed-phase HPLC analysis of the reaction products. The purified enzyme also utilized ferricyanide as an artificial electron acceptor, which effectively suppressed biotin sulfoxide reduction and biotin formation. Analysis of the enzyme isolated from tungsten-grown cells yielded decreased reduced methyl viologen:BSO reductase, NADPH:BSO reductase, and NADPH:FR activities, confirming that Mo is required for all activities. Kinetic analyses of substrate inhibition profiles revealed that the enzyme followed a Ping Pong Bi-Bi mechanism with both NADPH and BSO exhibiting double competitive substrate inhibition. Replots of the 1/v-axes intercepts of the parallel asymptotes obtained at several low concentrations of fixed substrate yielded a K(m) for BSO of 714 and 65 microM for NADPH. In contrast, utilizing NADH as an electron donor, the replots yielded a K(m) for BSO of 132 microM and 1.25 mM for NADH. Slope replots of data obtained at high concentrations of BSO yielded a K(i) for BSO of 6.10 mM and 900 microM for NADPH. Kinetic isotope studies utilizing stereospecifically deuterated NADPD indicated that BSO reductase uses specifically the 4R-hydrogen of the nicotinamide ring. Cyanide inhibited NADPH:BSO and NADPH:FR activities in a reversible manner while diethylpyrocarbonate treatment resulted in complete irreversible inactivation of the enzyme concomitant with molybdenum cofactor release, indicating that histidine residues are involved in cofactor-binding.
Duality and Existence of Optimal Policies in Generalized Joint Replenishment (2005)

We establish a duality theory for a broad class of deterministic inventory control problems on continuous spaces that includes the classical joint replenishment problem and inventory routing. Using this theory, we establish the existence of an optimal policy, which has been an open question. We show how a primal-dual pair of infinite dimensional linear programs encode both cyclic and noncyclic schedules, and provide various results regarding cyclic schedules, including an example showing that they need not be optimal.
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF SPICES<sup>1</sup> (1984)

There is a renewed interest in the antimicrobial properties of spices. In vitro activities of several ground spices, their water and alcohol extracts, and their essential oils have been demonstrated in culture media. Studies in the last decade confirm growth inhibition of gram positive and gram negative food borne bacteria, yeast and mold by garlic, onion, cinnamon, cloves, thyme, sage and other spices. Effects in foods are limited to observations in pickles, bread, rice, and meat products. In general, higher spice levels are required to effect inhibition in foods than in culture media. Fat, protein, and water contents in foods affect microbial resistance as does salt content. Very few studies report on the effect of spices on spores, and on microbial inhibition in conjunction with preservatives and food processes. Of the recognized antimicrobial components in spices, the majority are phenol compounds with a molecular weight of 150 to 160 containing a hydroxyl group. Eugenol, carvacrol and thymol have been identified as the major antimicrobial compounds in cloves, cinnamon, sage and oregano.
The Effects of Fixation and Dehydration on the Histological Quality of Undecalcified Murine Bone Specimens Embedded in Methylmethacrylate (2009)

Histological evaluation is a complex, multistep process culminating in tissue staining. All of the steps leading up to the staining affect the final quality, but too often the effects of these preparations are not given enough consideration. Fixatives in particular usually are chosen not for efficacy but for convenience and availability. This study attempts to create guidelines for selecting fixatives for bone tissue histological evaluation. We compared two of the most widely used fixatives, ethanol and formalin, in their use on mouse tibias embedded in methylmethacrylate and subsequently stained with toluidine blue, safranin O, or Von Kossa. Our results show that ethanol fixation (70%) and subsequent processing in methylmethacrylate gives better staining results for bone cell related elements than fixing in 10% neutral buffered formalin with the same processing and embedding techniques. Further we demonstrated than an additional acetone dehydration and clearing step allowed for even better visualization in bone specimens fixed with 70% ethanol. However, the additional acetone step did not enhance visualization in bone specimens fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin. Finally, marrow elements were more easily visualized when fixed with formalin as opposed to ethanol.
The cytotoxic activity of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> lethal factor is inhibited by leukotriene A4 hydrolase and metallopeptidase inhibitors (1996)

The lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis is central to the pathogenesis of anthrax. Its mechanism of action is still unknown. Recently, on the basis of sequence similarities, we suggested that lethal factor might act similarly to leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4), a bifunctional enzyme also endowed with a metallopeptidase activity. Here we show that some inhibitors of the LTA4 hydrolase and metallopeptidase activities of LTA4 hydrolase also affect the cytotoxicity of the anthrax lethal factor on macrophage cell lines, without interfering with the ability of the lethal factor to enter cells. These results support the proposal that anthrax lethal factor might display in the cytosol of intoxicated cells a peptidase activity similar to that of LTA4 hydrolase.
A Framework for Composition and Enforcement of Privacy-Aware and Context-Driven Authorization Mechanism for Multimedia Big Data (2015)

The proliferation of multimedia big data for dissemination and sharing of massive amounts of information raises important security and privacy concerns. One such concern is the composition and enforcement of privacy policies in order to securely manage access of multimedia big data. Several researchers have pointed out that for proper enforcement of privacy policies, the privacy requirements should be captured in access control systems. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach where privacy requirements are captured in an access control system and present a framework for composition and enforcement of privacy policies. The focus is to allow a user, not a system or security administrator to compose conflict free policies for their online multimedia data. An additional requirement is that such a policy be context-aware. We also present a methodology for verifying the privacy policy in order to ensure correctness and logical consistency. The verification process is also used to ensure that sensitive security requirements are not violated when privacy rules are enforced. A prototype, named Intelligent Privacy Manager (iPM), has been implemented for sharing of multimedia big data in a secure and private manner.
Secure software upload in an intelligent vehicle via wireless communication links (2005)

The demand for drive-by-wire, telematics, entertainment, multimedia, pre-crash warning, highway guidance, remote diagnostic, etc. will significantly increase the complexity of a vehicle's software modules. From time to time, the vehicle's software may need to be updated due to many reasons such as the introduction of new features in vehicles, changing the navigation map, fixing software bugs, etc. Software updates must be done in secure modes to avoid any future disasters due to malfunctions of the vehicle. In this paper, we propose an architecture for secure software uploads in vehicles. We provide a detailed description of the secure software upload process.
Nucleotide sequence of<i>thrC</i>and of the transcription tennination region of the threonine operon in<i>Escherichia coli</i>K12 (1983)

The entire threonine operon (thrABC) of Escherichia coli K12 was cloned, and the nucleotide sequence of the thrC gene and its 3' flanking region was determined. The translation initiation codon was identified by sequencing the N-terminal part of threonine synthase, the thrC gene product. Analysis of the deduced protein sequence (428 amino acid residues) revealed a region of homology, 35 amino acids long, between the three enzymes encoded by the threonine operon. During examination of the nucleotide sequence of the 1045 base pair fragments following the thrC gene, we detected some potential rho-independent and rho-dependent transcription termination signals.
Peptide transport and chemotaxis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>: characterization of the dipeptide permease (Dpp) and the dipeptide‐binding protein (1991)

The dipeptide permease (Dpp) is one of three genetically distinct peptide-transport systems in enteric bacteria. Dpp also plays a role in chemotaxis towards peptides. We have devised three selections for dpp mutations based on resistance to toxic peptides (bacilysin, valine-containing peptides, and bialaphos). All dpp mutations mapped to a single chromosomal locus between 77 and 78 min in Salmonella typhimurium and at 79.2 min in Escherichia coli. Expression of dpp was constitutive in both species but the absolute level of expression varied widely between strains. At least in part this difference in expression levels is determined by cis-acting sequences. The dpp locus of E. coli was cloned. The first gene in the operon, dppA, encodes a periplasmic dipeptide-binding protein (DBP) required for dipeptide transport and chemotaxis. Downstream of dppA are other genes required for transport but not for chemotaxis. The dipeptide-binding protein was found to share 26.5% sequence identity with the periplasmic oligopeptide-binding protein OppA.
The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity (2020)

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolates encoding a D614G mutation in the viral spike (S) protein predominate over time in locales where it is found, implying that this change enhances viral transmission. We therefore compared the functional properties of the S proteins with aspartic acid (S <sup>D614</sup> ) and glycine (S <sup>G614</sup> ) at residue 614. We observed that retroviruses pseudotyped with S <sup>G614</sup> infected ACE2-expressing cells markedly more efficiently than those with S <sup>D614</sup> . This greater infectivity was correlated with less S1 shedding and greater incorporation of the S protein into the pseudovirion. Similar results were obtained using the virus-like particles produced with SARS-CoV-2 M, N, E, and S proteins. However, S <sup>G614</sup> did not bind ACE2 more efficiently than S <sup>D614</sup> , and the pseudoviruses containing these S proteins were neutralized with comparable efficiencies by convalescent plasma. These results show S <sup>G614</sup> is more stable than S <sup>D614</sup> , consistent with epidemiological data suggesting that viruses with S <sup>G614</sup> transmit more efficiently.
Automatic tagging and geotagging in video collections and communities (2011)

Automatically generated tags and geotags hold great promise to improve access to video collections and online communities. We overview three tasks offered in the MediaEval 2010 benchmarking initiative, for each, describing its use scenario, definition and the data set released. For each task, a reference algorithm is presented that was used within MediaEval 2010 and comments are included on lessons learned. The Tagging Task, Professional involves automatically matching episodes in a collection of Dutch television with subject labels drawn from the keyword thesaurus used by the archive staff. The Tagging Task, Wild Wild Web involves automatically predicting the tags that are assigned by users to their online videos. Finally, the Placing Task requires automatically assigning geo-coordinates to videos. The specification of each task admits the use of the full range of available information including user-generated metadata, speech recognition transcripts, audio, and visual features.
Functional disorders of the biliary tract and pancreas (1999)

The term "dysfunction" defines the motor disorders of the gall bladder and the sphincter of Oddi (SO) without note of the potential etiologic factors for the difficulty to differentiate purely functional alterations from subtle structural changes. Dysfunction of the gall bladder and/or SO produces similar patterns of biliopancreatic pain and SO dysfunction may occur in the presence of the gall bladder. The symptom-based diagnostic criteria of gall bladder and SO dysfunction are episodes of severe steady pain located in the epigastrium and right upper abdominal quadrant which last at least 30 minutes. Gall bladder and SO dysfunctions can cause significant clinical symptoms but do not explain many instances of biliopancreatic type of pain. The syndrome of functional abdominal pain should be differentiated from gall bladder and SO dysfunction. In the diagnostic workup, invasive investigations should be performed only in the presence of compelling clinical evidence and after non-invasive testing has yielded negative findings. Gall bladder dysfunction is suspected when laboratory, ultrasonographic, and microscopic bile examination have excluded the presence of gallstones and other structural abnormalities. The finding of decreased gall bladder emptying at cholecystokinin-cholescintigraphy is the only objective characteristic of gall bladder dysfunction. Symptomatic manifestation of SO dysfunction may be accompanied by features of biliary obstruction (biliary-type SO dysfunction) or significant elevation of pancreatic enzymes and pancreatitis (pancreatic-type SO dysfunction). Biliary-type SO dysfunction occurs more frequently in postcholecystectomy patients who are categorized into three types. Types I and II, but not type III, have biochemical and cholangiographic features of biliary obstruction. Pancreatic-type SO dysfunction is less well classified into types. When non-invasive investigations and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanreatography show no structural abnormality, manometry of both biliary and pancreatic sphincter may be considered.
An Inverted Surface Plasmon Resonance (1993)

Abstract An inverted surface plasmon resonance is observed by measuring the internal reflectivity of a bilayer chromium-gold thin film deposited on a high index glass prism. With incident transverse magnetic radiation and suitable choice of chromium and gold thicknesses a strong resonance maximum is recorded which is nearly as narrow as the more commonly observed surface plasmon resonance minimum for gold. A peak reflectivity of order 40% has been recorded which with fine adjustment of the film thickness may be increased to perhaps 80% although it never approaches 100% because of the intrinsic absorption by the chromium. The angle dependent reflectivity data obtained are analysed using a multilayer Fresnel equation model and optical field and power loss profiles through the resonance are presented to illustrate its nature.
ACM IUI 2015 conference highlights (2015)

The 2015 ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (ACM IUI 2015) was a great success. A record number of submissions, an exciting program, a new cooperation with the ACM TiiS journal, and the southern hospitality of Atlanta all made it a memorable experience.
Compact inverse discrete cosine transform circuit for MPEG video decoding (2002)

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) and its inverse transform (IDCT) are essential computations in many signal processing applications. IDCT, specifically, is used to decompress MPEG video bitstreams and, therefore, needs to be computed inside cost-sensitive end-user units. This paper presents a very compact IDCT design based on digit-serial arithmetic techniques and the even/odd decomposition algorithm. This IDCT design has been synthesized in a 0.35 /spl mu/m gate array technology, and requires 4,600 gates plus 1,024 bits of memory. It processes 26 million pixels/sec, and has been simulated to meet the precision and dynamic range requirements of MPEG. Because of its digit-serial construction, the design can be scaled to produce efficient circuits to meet different data width and processing rate requirements.
Hemiasterlin Methyl Ester (1996)

The structure of the tripeptide hemiasterlin methyl ester, IUPAC name: methyl 2,5-dimethyl-4-{2-[3-methyl-2-methyl­amino-3-(N-methyl­benzo[b]pyrrol-3- ­yl)butanamido]-3,3-dimethyl-N-methyl­butanamido}-2-hexenoate., C31H48N4O4, has been determined by X-ray analysis. The absolute configuration is based on the chiralities determined by other methods for two of the three chiral centers. Weak hydrogen bonding influences the solid-state conformation.
Complex isomerization of ketoses: a carbon-13 NMR study of the base-catalyzed ring-opening and ring-closing rates of D-fructose isomers in aqueous solution (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplex isomerization of ketoses: a carbon-13 NMR study of the base-catalyzed ring-opening and ring-closing rates of D-fructose isomers in aqueous solutionWarren J. GouxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 14, 4320–4327Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00300a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00300a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views479Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue-Engineered Cartilage for Implantation and Grafting (1995)

Facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons are continually faced with the dilemma of what material to use for implantation and grafting. Tissue-engineered cartilage is a relatively new and exciting concept which utilizes chondrocytes and cultures them on a three-dimensional biodegradable template. This template/cell complex is first briefly incubated in vitro, then implanted into a recipient host. In situ the template resorbs and is replaced with new cartilage that is viable, compatible, and mature. This paper discusses the biochemical composition of cartilage, the concept of tissue engineering, advances in template quality, and cartilage immunogenicity. Future clinical applications of this type of graft research include microtia repair, facial reconstruction, rhinoplasty, and other facial cosmetic procedures.
Potential new urinary markers in the early detection of bladder cancer (2009)

The field of bladder cancer tumor markers remains a rapidly evolving area in which newer markers are constantly identified, evaluated, and often discarded if they do not add significantly to the urologists' armamentarium. Newer markers rely on genetic rearrangements, molecular changes, and cell-cycle-related proteins. Work is currently being done to identify the most promising markers.