gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LP-based optimization of storage and retrieval for distributed video-on-demand (2012)

In a distributed large-scale video-on-demand (VoD), a content provider often deploys local servers close to their users. A movie is partitioned into k segments which the servers collaboratively store and retrieve (k ≥ 1). A critical but challenging problem is how to minimize overall system deployment cost due to server bandwidth, server storage, and network traffic among servers. In this paper, we address this problem through jointly optimizing movie storage and retrieval in the server network. We first formulate the optimization problem to an integer program. To address its tractability, we propose a novel, effective and implementable heuristic. The heuristic, termed LP-SR, decomposes the problem into two computationally efficient linear programs (LPs) for segment storage and retrieval, respectively. The strength of LP-SR is that it is asymptotically optimal in terms of k, and k does not need to be high to achieve near optimality (around 5 to 10 in our study). Through extensive simulation study, LP-SR is shown to perform significantly the best as compared with other state-of-the-art and traditional schemes, reducing the deployment cost by a wide margin (by multiple times in many cases). It attains performance very close to the global minimum cost.
Quantum Infrared Photodetectors for Long Wavelength Infrared Imaging Applications (1998)

Long wavelength Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) cameras developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory demonstrate the potential of GaAs/A1xGa1-xAs QWIP technology for highly sensitive, low power, low cost, and highly uniform large format FPA imaging systems.
Abstract 131: Insulin Regulated Aminopeptidase Inhibitors are More Effective Than the ACE Inhibitor, Perindopril in Preventing Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Renal Fibrosis in Mice (2019)

New strategies are needed to combat pathological organ fibrosis that leads to end stage organ failure. We have identified the enzyme insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) as one such promising new target, with IRAP KO mice completely protected, and pharmacological inhibition of IRAP reversing, age-induced cardiac fibrosis. However, the effect of IRAP inhibition in renal fibrosis is unknown. Therefore the objective of this study was to: (1) compare anti-fibrotic efficacy of 2 chemically distinct IRAP inhibitors, HFI-419 and SJM4-164 to the ACE inhibitor, perindopril (PER) in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstructive (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis; and (2) investigate role of IRAP substrates in mediating ant-fibrotic effect of IRAP inhibitors. Male C57Bl/6J mice (8 weeks old) were assigned to one of the following 7 day protocols (n=6/gp): sham, UUO+Veh, UUO+HFI (0.72mg/kg/d), UUO+SJM (0.72mg/kg/d), or UUO+PER (1mg/kg/d). IRAP substrate involvement was determined using specific receptor blockers for the oxytocin receptor (OTR; Atosiban; 0.6mg/kg/d) or the AT2 receptor (AT2R; PD123319; 10mg/kg/d). Interstitial fibrosis was significantly increased in UUO+Veh-injured kidneys compared to sham (% positive staining: UUO=5.9±0.7 vs Sham=1.2±0.3; p<0.05). HFI and SJM treatment were equally effective in preventing UUO-induced increase in interstitial renal fibrosis (% positive staining: HFI=2.5±0.3, SJM=2.8±0.3, all p<0.05 vs UUO). PER had no effect on UUO-induced increase in interstitial renal fibrosis (PER=6.6±0.7), however it was as effective as the IRAP inhibitors in reducing markers of inflammation, including NFκB activation and macrophage infiltration. The anti-fibrotic effects produced with IRAP inhibition were prevented by OTR or AT2R blockade (% positive staining: OTR=5.0±0.55, AT2R=6±0.8). Overall, this study demonstrated greater reno-protection with IRAP inhibition compared to that achieved using an ACE inhibitor, with IRAP inhibitors exhibiting potent anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, for the first time we show that the anti-fibrotic effects of IRAP inhibition involve activation of receptors associated with endogenous IRAP substrates.
Identification of Intraday Metabolic Profiles during Closed-Loop Glucose Control in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (2009)

Metabolic models used in developing and comparing closed-loop insulin delivery algorithms will need to explicitly describe intraday variation in metabolic parameters, but the model itself need not be comprised by a large number of compartments or differential equations.
A point mutation leads to an unpaired cysteine residue and a molecular weight polymorphism of a functional platelet beta 3 integrin subunit. The Sra alloantigen system of GPIIIa. (1994)

Recently, we described a low frequency platelet alloantigen on human platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIIa, termed Sra, that was involved in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. To identify the molecular nature of the Sra alloantigen, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of polymerase chain reaction-amplified GPIIIa mRNA, and found a C2004-->T substitution in seven Sra positive individuals which results in an Arg636-->Cys polymorphism within the cysteine-rich region of GPIIIa. Analysis of allele-specific recombinant forms of GPIIIa that differed only at amino acid residue 636 showed that anti-Sra alloantibodies reacted with the Cys636, but not the Arg636, recombinant form of GPIIIa. Interestingly, under reducing conditions, the Cys636 form of GPIIIa migrated with a slightly increased apparent molecular weight compared with the Arg636 form. Following treatment with Endoglycosidase H, both allelic forms of GPIIIa exhibited the same mobility, however the Sra epitope was lost. Sra positive platelets express the same number of GPIIb-IIIa complexes on their surface as wild-type Sra negative platelets, and also aggregate normally in response to a variety of platelet agonists. Based upon these results, we conclude that 1) GPIIIa residue 636 specifically controls the formation and expression of the Sra alloantigenic determinant, and 2) an unpaired cysteine residue alters the N-linked glycosylation pattern of the extracellular domain of GPIIIa, but affects neither the degree of surface expression nor the adhesive function of the GPIIb-IIIa complex.
A planar‐vector based color space for graphic arts color analysis and reproduction (1989)

Abstract A new color space is developed, based on a model of a trigonally symmetric, planar arrangement of three response vectors, which first separates a visual stimulus via tristimulus values into achromatic and chromatic components and then recombines them. Because three visual response vectors are mutually opposed, the model is called the mutually opposed, trichromatic response (MOTR) model. The MOTR model does not introduce any new visual concepts but rather uses established concepts in an empirically different way. The MOTR model directly represents a color as a combination of two chromatic primaries and one achromatic primary. It is, therefore, particularly useful for halftone color reproduction based on two primary colors plus black, sometimes referred to as 100% GCR (gray component replacement). It is useful also because of its linearity properties between lightness and the chromatic and achromatic contents. The MOTR model's color space is applicable to existing color‐order systems and provides a graphic representation often better than CIELAB and CIELUV do. The MOTR model is also consistent with many known visual characteristics such as unique hues, illuminant adaptation, wavelength discrimination, and defective color vision. The model as described herein is limited to the comparison of related colors under a given photopic luminance.
The Strength‐Duration Relationship of Monophasic Waveforms with Varying Capacitance Sizes in External Defibrillation (2003)

The shape of the shock waveform influences defibrillation efficacy. However, the optimal combination between capacitance size and truncation/tilt which can determine monophasic waveform's shape, has not been determined for external defibrillation. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of varying capacitance and tilt on external defibrillation using exponential monophasic waveforms. In a pig model of external defibrillation (n = 10, 30 +/- 6 kg), nine exponential monophasic waveforms combining three capacitance values (30 microF, 60 microF, and 120 microF) and three tilt values (55%, 75%, and 95%) were tested randomly. The energy and leading edge voltage at 50% defibrillation success (E50 and V50) were used to evaluate defibrillation efficacy. E50 and V50 were determined by the Bayesian technique. The lowest stored E50 for the 30microF, 60 microF, and 120 microF waveforms were 90 +/- 12 J (95% tilt), 106 +/- 45 J (55% tilt), and 107 +/- 52 J (75% tilt), respectively. The lowest V50 for the 30 microF, 60 microF, and 120 microF waveforms were 2,439 +/- 166 V (95% tilt), 1,849 +/- 375 V (55% tilt), and 1,301 +/- 322 V (75% tilt), respectively. The average current at external defibrillation threshold demonstrated a strength versus pulse duration relationship similar to that seen with pacing. Reducing capacitance has the same effect as truncating the waveform. The E50 is more sensitive to tilt values changes in larger capacitance waveforms. This study suggests that the optimal combination between capacitance and tilt may be 120 microF and 55%-75% for external defibrillation.
Tesla inspired pump and microfliudic gradient realized with lithography based additive manufacturing (2017)

The bladeless turbine was demonstrated by Nichola Tesla in 1913, though limited by its difficulty to maintain laminar flow between rotor disks and a lack of applications for the characteristically smooth flow outputs. These aforementioned limits are addressable by scaling to the microfluidic flow regime. Demonstrated here is a microscale Tesla pump designed and fabricated using a Digital Light Processing (DLP) based 3D printer. The miniaturized pump is characterized by low Reynolds number of 1000 and a flow rate of up to 12.6 mL/min at 1200 rpm, outputting 53 μW pump power. Coupling to a Tesla-valve based mixer network, the combination represents an all Tesla-inspired microfluidics system, Figure 1.
The isomerization kinetics of lactose to lactulose in the presence of borate (1994)

Abstract The kinetics of the isomerization of lactose to lactulose in the presence of boric acid and NaOH was studied. A first order equation fits the data for the rate controlling reaction—the formation of a boric acid–lactulose complex. Since the reaction is optimum at a molar ratio of boric acid to lactose of 1·0 and pH 11, a model was developed for application at these reaction conditions.
Joint Label Inference in Networks (2018)

We consider the problem of inferring node labels in a partially labeled graph where each node in the graph has multiple label types and each label type has a large number of possible labels. Existing approaches such as Label Propagation fail to consider interactions between the label types. Our proposed method, called EdgeExplain, explicitly models these interactions, while still allowing scalable inference under a distributed message-passing architecture. On a large subset of the Facebook social network, collected in a previous study, EdgeExplain outperforms label propagation for several label types, with lifts of up to $120%$ for [email protected] and 60% for [email protected]
Multinozzle Emitter Arrays for Nanoelectrospray Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Mass spectrometry (MS) is the enabling technology for proteomics and metabolomics. However, dramatic improvements in both sensitivity and throughput are still required to achieve routine MS-based single cell proteomics and metabolomics. Here, we report the silicon-based monolithic multinozzle emitter array (MEA), and demonstrate its proof-of-principle applications in high-sensitivity and high-throughput nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Our MEA consists of 96 identical 10-nozzle emitters in a circular array on a 3-inch silicon chip. The geometry and configuration of the emitters, the dimension and number of the nozzles, and the micropillar arrays embedded in the main channel, can be systematically and precisely controlled during the microfabrication process. Combining electrostatic simulation and experimental testing, we demonstrated that sharpened-end geometry at the stem of the individual multinozzle emitter significantly enhanced the electric fields at its protruding nozzle tips, enabling sequential nanoelectrospray for the high-density emitter array. We showed that electrospray current of the multinozzle emitter at a given total flow rate was approximately proportional to the square root of the number of its spraying-nozzles, suggesting the capability of high MS sensitivity for multinozzle emitters. Using a conventional Z-spray mass spectrometer, we demonstrated reproducible MS detection of peptides and proteins for serial MEA emitters, achieving sensitivity and stability comparable to the commercial capillary emitters. Our robust silicon-based MEA chip opens up the possibility of a fully-integrated microfluidic system for ultrahigh-sensitivity and ultrahigh-throughput proteomics and metabolomics.
Novel distributed-feedback surface-emitting laser design (1990)

Surface-emitting semiconductor lasers are attractive for applications in optical computing, coherent communications, high-power two-dimensional arrays, and integrated opto-electronics. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting structures are especially promising because of their simplicity compared with other surface-emitting lasers, which use gratings or inclined mirrors to deflect the output from horizontal (in-plane) active region. Recently, the advantages of the resonant-periodic-gain (RPG) medium have been demonstrated in vertical-cavity structures. 1 , 2 Here we describe a new concept for a vertical-cavity distributed-feedback (DFB) surface-emitting laser that incorporates an RPG active region. In this design, a vertical resonator with highly reflective mirrors is created by a stack of alternating high- and low-refractive-index quarter-wave layers that form a DFB medium. An RPG active region is interspersed within this medium. Each element of the RPG active region consists of a single or multiple quantum well whose position coincides with the antinodes of a standing wave at a design wavelength. The elements of the embedding DFB medium form spacers between active regions. This design eliminates the need for the end reflectors in previous RPG structures by interlacing the quarter-wave multilayer high reflectors with the gain medium, thus reducing the total thickness of the device. In the same instance, the characteristic features of the RPG medium (enhancement of gain in vertical direction, wavelength selectivity, and suppression of amplified spontaneous emission) are retained. Examples of cavity calculations for the novel structure will be given, and various configurations will be discussed.
Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies and Aptamers against Major Antigens of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i> (2007)

ABSTRACT Specific antibodies, available in unlimited quantities, have not been produced against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis , the bacterium that causes Johne's disease (JD). To fill this gap in JD research, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were produced from BALB/c mice immunized with a whole-cell extract of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis . A total of 10 hybridomas producing MAbs to proteins ranging from 25 to 85 kDa were obtained. All MAbs showed some degree of cross-reactivity when they were analyzed against a panel of whole-cell protein lysates comprising seven different mycobacterial species. The MAbs were characterized by several methods, which included isotype analysis, specificity analysis, epitope analysis, reactivity in immunoblot assays, and electron microscopy. The identities of the antigens that bound to two selected MAbs were determined by screening an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis lambda phage expression library. This approach revealed that MAb 9G10 detects MAP1643 (isocitrate lyase) and that MAb 11G4 detects MAP3840 (a 70-kDa heat shock protein), two proteins present in high relative abundance in M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis . The epitopes for MAb 11G4 were mapped to the N-terminal half of MAP3840, whereas MAb 9G10 bound to the C-terminal half of MAP1643. Aptamers, nucleic acids that bind to specific protein sequences, against the hypothetical protein encoded by MAP0105c were also generated and tested for their binding to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis as well as other mycobacteria. These detection reagents may be beneficial in many JD research applications.
Towards bandwidth guarantee in multi-tenancy cloud computing networks (2012)

To efficiently utilize their infrastructure and thus increase their revenue, cloud providers need mechanisms to provide resource allocation and performance isolation for different tenants in the shared platform. In particular, network bandwidth sharing is a critical yet still an open problem to most cloud providers. In this paper, we study the problem of virtual machine (VM) allocation under the consideration of providing bandwidth guarantees. We first propose an online allocation algorithm for tenants with homogeneous bandwidth demand, which improves on the accuracy of existing algorithms. Subsequently, we extend it to handle heterogeneous bandwidth demand. Extensive simulations show that our algorithm makes much more efficient utilization of the network resource than existing algorithms, and performs close to the optimal offline allocation.
Integrated active power filter auxiliary power modules for electrified vehicle applications with single-phase on-board chargers (2015)

In single-phase on-board charger for the electrified vehicles, second-order harmonic currents and corresponding ripple voltages exist on the dc bus. The low-frequency harmonic current is normally filtered using a bulk film capacitor or additional active power filter (APF) circuit. This presents an obstacle for improving the power density as well as reducing the cost. This paper presents a new method for reducing the bulk capacitor in the single-phase charger. It applies the low voltage (LV) battery charger auxiliary power module (APM) as an APF to filter the low-frequency harmonic currents in the high voltage (HV) battery charger when the HV battery is charging. Hence, the integrated APM can achieve the APF function without extra power switches, heat sinks and corresponding gate drivers. Therefore, the proposed method can reduce the cost and volume for the dual-voltage charging system in the electrified vehicle applications. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation results.
Numerical tissue characterization in MS via standardization of the MR image intensity scale (2000)

Image intensity standardization is a recently developed postprocessing method that is capable of correcting the signal intensity variations in MR images. We evaluated signal intensity of healthy and diseased tissues in 10 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients based on standardized dual fast spin-echo MR images using a numerical postprocessing technique. The main idea of this technique is to deform the volume image histogram of each study to match a standard histogram and to utilize the resulting transformation to map the image intensities into standard scale. Upon standardization, the coefficients of variation of signal intensities for each segmented tissue (gray matter, white matter, lesion plaques, and diffuse abnormal white matter) in all patients were significantly smaller (2.3–9.2 times) than in the original images, and the same tissues from different patients looked alike, with similar intensity characteristics. Numerical tissue characterizability of different tissues in MS achieved by standardization offers a fixed tissue-specific meaning for the numerical values and can significantly facilitate image segmentation and analysis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:715–721. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electrowetting Heat Pipes for Heat Transport Over Extended Distances (2015)

The heat transport capacity of the conventional heat pipes over extended distances is limited by the maximum condensate flow that their wicks can sustain. This paper introduces and analyzes a new planar heat pipe technology, which can transport ultrahigh heat loads (>1 kW) over extended distances (>1 m). The concept of an electrowetting heat pipe (EHP) is based on replacing the adiabatic wick section of a conventional heat pipe with EW-based pumping. EW is a well-developed fluid handling technique to carry out various microfluidic operations, such as droplet pumping, and is based on the electrical modulation of surface tension. The EHP relies on EW pumping of the condensate to the evaporator in the form of discrete droplets. EHPs are not subject to the capillary limit on heat transport capacity. The first-order models predict that EHPs with a cross section footprint of 10 cm × 4 mm (width × thickness) can transport 1.5 kW over extended distances (>1 m) using water as the working fluid. Other benefits include ultralow power consumption (microwatts), opportunities for active control of heat pipes, selection of a wide range of working fluids, and the absence of moving parts. The heat transport capacity and the thermal resistance of an EHP are compared with four other devices of similar dimensions: 1) a sintered powder heat pipe; 2) an axial groove heat pipe; 3) a loop heat pipe; and 4) a thermosyphon. The EHP can transport more than twice the maximum heat capacity of other devices while offering a low thermal resistance of 0.01 K/W. Thus, EW is an enabling technology for the development of long, high-capacity heat pipes.
Structured Illumination Phase Microscopy for Super Resolution Phase Imaging (2013)

We extend structured illumination microscopy to allow enhanced-resolution phase imaging. We interfere coherent beams at the sample and use the interference pattern to alias high-resolution information through the system. These components are interferometrically imaged and detected.
Pharmacokinetics of Stereoisomeric Dipeptide Prodrugs of Acyclovir following Intravenous and Oral Administrations in Rats: A study Involving in vivo corneal Uptake of Acyclovir following Oral Dosing (2009)

LDACV increased both the oral bioavailability and subsequent in vivo corneal uptake of ACV. Hence, LDACV can be considered as the most promising drug candidate for delivery of ACV, in treatment of both genital herpes and ocular herpes keratitis after oral administration.
Experimental and theoretical light scattering profiles from spherical and nonspherical particles (1996)

A laser light scattering instrument has been designed to allow an investigation of the wide angle spatial intensity distribution, or scattering profile, of light scattered by individual airborne particles constrained within a laminar flow sample airstream, with a view to providing a means of classifying the particles in terms of their shape and size. Such an instrument may find application in areas of environmental monitoring such as studies of cloud interstitial aerosol or the detection of small concentrations of potentially hazardous particles such as respirable fibers. The instrument has been challenged with both spherical and nonspherical particle types and appropriate theoretical comparisons have been made with the experimental profiles using either Mie theory or a simple treatment based on the Rayleigh‐Gans formalism. Both experimental and theoretical scattering data are presented, showing good agreement for all particle types examined.