gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The state of phishing (2010)

When dealing with online crimes like phishing, spam and malware, it's important to understand where the biggest threats are and what works to defeat them. The latest Global Phishing Survey, published by the Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG), has new data that shows where phishing has been taking place, and in some cases how and why. The report indicates that, through the later part of 2009, a single gang of phishers – the ‘Avalanche’ operation – was responsible for two-thirds of all phishing attacks launched on the Internet. Greg Aaron, a director at Afilias, analyses the activities of the Avalanche group and asks what they tell us about the state of phishing today. Famous old-time bank robber Willie Sutton said, “Go where the money is … and go there often”. And that's what today's e-criminals are doing – they're going where the money is, and with startling frequency.
An overview of CO2 capture technologies (2010)

In this paper, three of the leading options for large scale CO2 capture are reviewed from a technical perspective. We consider solvent-based chemisorption techniques, carbonate looping technology, and the so-called oxyfuel process. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technology, listing advantages and disadvantages. Subsequently, a discussion of the level of technological maturity is presented, and we conclude by identifying current gaps in knowledge and suggest areas with significant scope for future work. We then discuss the suitability of using ionic liquids as novel, environmentally benign solvents with which to capture CO2. In addition, we consider alternatives to simply sequestering CO2—we present a discussion on the possibility of recycling captured CO2 and exploiting it as a C1 building block for the sustainable manufacture of polymers, fine chemicals, and liquid fuels. Finally, we present a discussion of relevant systems engineering methodologies in carbon capture system design.
Sequence Specific Modulation of DNA Restriction Enzyme Cleavage by Minor Groove Binders (1998)

The inhibition of restriction endonuclease cleavage by a series of bisquaternary ammonium derivatives (BQA-derivatives) which bind to the minor groove of DNA has been studied. The derivatives considered included six sequence-selective binders (SN 6570, SN 6999, SN 6050, SN 6132, SN 6131 and SN 18071) and four non-specific binders (SN 6113, SN 5754, SN 6324 and SN 4094) and can be distinguished by their activity on restriction endonucleases. Digestion experiments with pUC19 DNA were monitored electrophoretically using the transition of the covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA into the linear double stranded (lds) one. Only the sequence-specific binders inhibit the cleavage activity of restriction endonucleases EcoRI, SspI and DraI with four and six dAdT-base pairs within their restriction sites, while the activity of SalI and BamHI with less than four dAdT-sequences was unaffected. In contrast, the non-specific binding ligands were incapable of suppressing enzyme digestion. The inhibition of the restriction endonuclease PvuII indicates that ligand binding in close vicinity to the cleavage sites is also involved in the enzyme inhibition. The dAdT-content in proximity to the palindromic sequences of three DraI cutting sites in pUC19 DNA explains why the derivative SN 6053 protects these sequences in different manners. Gel shift experiments indicated that BQA-derivatives inhibit the DNA-enzyme complex formation if the ligand was added to the DNA before the enzyme. In contrast, complex formation between DNA and enzyme remained unchanged when the enzyme was added first.
Edge termination impact on clamped inductive turn-off failure in high-voltage IGBTs under overcurrent conditions (2011)

This work provides a physical insight into the failure of high-voltage IGBT modules for railway traction when an overload current event occurs during a clamped inductive turn-off. The inspection of failed IGBTs in power modules coming from the field reveals burnt-out points in the vicinity of the device edge termination. This physical signature has been also verified by experimental tests. To explore this result, physical TCAD simulations have been carried out considering, for the first time, the electro-thermal mismatch introduced by the edge termination. From simulation and experimental results, a destructive dynamic avalanche phenomenon at the last IGBT cell is identified as responsible for the observed failure.
Assessing the Field: An Oral History Interview (1992)

The launching of a new editorship seemed like an opportune time to assess past achievements, current questions, and future research agendas in the field of American studies. In the following interview, Associate Editor Bruce Tucker asked American Quarterly's editor, Gary Kulik, for his views on recent rends in American studies scholarship. Kulik's remarks primarily address American studies in the United States, but the interview raises questions for CRAS readers. Are there identifiable patterns to the practice of American studies scholarship in Canada? Have Canadian scholars replicated the same generational differences in scholarship as their American counterparts? As the Canadian Association for American studies prepares for its twenty-fifth anniversary in 1995, we invite readers to think about theses questions and send us their views.
Characterization of Prominin-2, a New Member of the Prominin Family of Pentaspan Membrane Glycoproteins (2003)

Prominin/CD133 is a 115/120-kDa integral membrane glycoprotein specifically associated with plasma membrane protrusions in epithelial and non-epithelial cells including neuroepithelial and hematopoietic stem cells. Here we report the identification as well as molecular and cell biological characterization of mouse, rat, and human prominin-2, a 112-kDa glycoprotein structurally related to prominin (referred to as prominin-1). Although the amino acid identity between prominin-2 and prominin-1 is low (<30%), their genomic organization is strikingly similar, suggesting an early gene duplication event. Like prominin-1, prominin-2 exhibits a characteristic membrane topology with five transmembrane segments and two large glycosylated extracellular loops. Upon its ectopic expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells as a green fluorescent protein fusion chimera, prominin-2 was also found to be associated with plasma membrane protrusions, as revealed by its co-localization with prominin-1, suggesting a related role. Consistent with this, prominin-2 shows a similar tissue distribution to prominin-1, being highly expressed in the adult kidney and detected all along the digestive tract as well as in various other epithelial tissues. However, in contrast to prominin-1, prominin-2 was not detected in the eye, which perhaps explains why a loss-of function mutation in the human prominin-1 gene causes retinal degeneration but no other obvious pathological signs. Finally, we present evidence for the existence of a family of pentaspan membrane proteins, the prominins, which are conserved in evolution.
Growth of Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants From 0 to 18 Months: The DARLING Study (1992)

Anthropometric data were collected monthly from birth to 18 months as part of the Davis Area Research on Lactation, Infant Nutrition and Growth study, which followed infants who were either breast-fed or formula-fed during the first 12 months. The two cohorts were matched for parental socioeconomic status, education, ethnic group, and anthropometric characteristics and for infant sex and birth weight, and neither group was given solid foods before 4 months. While mean weight of formula-fed infants remained at or above the National Center for Health Statistics median throughout the first 18 months, mean weight of breast-fed infants dropped below the median beginning at 6 to 8 months and was significantly lower than that of the formula-fed group between 6 and 18 months. In contrast, length and head circumference values were similar between groups. Weight-for-length z scores were significantly different between 4 and 18 months, suggesting that breast-fed infants were leaner. The groups had similar weight gain during the first 3 months, but breast-fed infants gained less rapidly during the remainder of the first year: cumulative weight gain in the first 12 months was 0.65 kg less in the breast-fed group. Length gain was similar between groups. These results indicate that weight patterns of breast-fed infants, even in a population of high socioeconomic status, differ from current reference data and from those of formula-fed infants. Thus, new growth charts based on breast-fed infants are needed.
The Effect of Porosity and Biomaterial on the Healing and Long-term Mechanical Properties of Vascular Prostheses (1988)

Continuing efforts in vascular prosthetic design are focused on understanding the characteristics required for function of small internal diameter and low-flow prostheses. The pioneers of vascular surgery developed large diameter textile prostheses for successful reconstruction of the aortoiliac vessels, but fabric grafts function poorly in diameters less than six millimeters. Major advances in small vessel reconstruction include the use of autogenous vessels for coronary artery lesions and microvascular surgery of digital and cerebral vessels. The author believes that future advances in graft design will enable prosthetic repair of two to four millimeter arteries and reconstruction of veins. This manuscript discusses the development of improved synthetic blood compatible surfaces with detailed consideration of prosthetic design factors such as pore size, biomaterial mechanical properties and thrombogenicity of the blood flow surface.
Command data compensation for real-time tele-driving system on lunar rover: Micro-5 (2002)

We discuss a tele-driving system for distant driving of a lunar rover, and describe our newly developed small, lightweight lunar rover called Micro-5 and its visual sensor system. The operator uses a virtual world simulator to make command path. The virtual environment of this simulator is constructed with measurement data from the rover on the moon. However, there is a communication delay between the earth and the moon. So, there is a difference between the old map data which the operator used for path planning and the new data which the rover is tracking. The operator's path command is thus less reliable to avoid obstacles and to reach the goal. Therefore, to achieve a highly reliable operator's command, we propose a command-data compensation approach which compensates this difference as the distortion of the environmental map.
Earned Value Project Management Method and Extensions (2003)

The earned value project management method integrates three critical elements of project management: scope management, cost management, and time management. It requires the periodic monitoring of actual expenditures and physical scope accomplishments, and allows calculation of cost and schedule variances, along with performance indices. It allows forecasting of project cost and schedule at completion and highlights the possible need for corrective action. This paper shows the major aspects of the earned value method and presents graphical tools for assessing project performance trends. It provides logical extensions and useful simplifications to enhance the effective application of this important method in project management.
3-D Measurements Using Conoscopy And Application To Ophthalmology (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Electrophoretic Purification of Radioiodinated Follicle-Stimulating Hormone for Radioligand Receptor Assay and Radioimmunoassay* (1986)

A method is described for electrophoretic purification of [125I]human (h) FSH after radioiodination that improves radioligand binding to FSH membrane receptors. Lactoperoxidase-iodinated hFSH was separated from reaction products by electrophoresis on 7.5% polyacrylamide tube gels (PAGE). Material eluted from 3-mm gel slices was analyzed for incorporation of 125I and binding to antibody (RIA) or receptor (RRA), and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE for protein composition. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE analysis of individual PAGE fractions demonstrated that iodinated proteins, both higher and lower in apparent mol wt than intact FSH, were separated by PAGE, but not by gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-25). PAGE purification of radioligand resulted in significantly greater (compared to gel filtration) RRA sensitivity and specificity. Maximum binding of PAGE-purified [125I]hFSH to excess calf tests membrane receptors was 45%, with a specific activity of approximately 26 microCi/micrograms, as determined by the method of self-displacement. Maximum binding to excess hFSH antisera (NIH anti-hFSH 4) was 80-85%. This allowed a useful final dilution of 1:120,000, thereby facilitating development of a sensitive and specific RIA with this antiserum. These data indicate that PAGE separation of intact [125I]hFSH from other iodinated proteins results in improved radioligand binding, assay sensitivity, and assay specificity. In addition, PAGE-purified lactoperoxidase-iodinated hFSH is suitable for use in both RIA and RRA.
Control of Copolymer Properties in a Semibatch Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Acrylate Copolymerization Reactor by Using a Learning-Based Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (2004)

This paper is concerned with the production of copolymers with uniform copolymer composition and desired weight-average molecular weight by using a learning-based nonlinear model predictive control (NLMPC). For an effective control in a semibatch copolymerization system, the successive linearization method used in NLMPC is modified. The nonlinear model for the copolymerization system is linearized by using the previous batch data within the prediction horizon in such a way that the linear time-varying model is obtained as a function of the increment of the inputs between the two consecutive batches. The learning algorithm is incorporated into the controller by virtue of the model structure, and the effectiveness of the proposed controller is shown by comparison with a conventional nonlinear model predictive controller as well as a linear model-based learning controller. Through the implementation of the controller to a semibatch methyl methacrylate/methyl acrylate copolymerization reactor, it is proven that copolymers with desired properties are produced effectively using the algorithm proposed in this study.
The SlideReactor—A Simple Hollow Fiber Based Bioreactor Suitable for Light Microscopy (2005)

Most bioartificial liver support systems are based on hollow fiber capillaries within modified dialysis cartridges or more sophisticated bioreactor constructions. Due to their design microscopic follow-up of reorganization and growth of tissue between the hollow fibers is not possible. The SlideReactor is a simple hollow fiber based bioreactor construction suitable for light microscopy and time-lapse video observation. The SlideReactor offers a cell compartment separated from a medium inflow and outflow compartment. Cell compartment access ports enable easy filling of the cell compartment with cell suspension, as well as fixation of the tissue. For more complex procedures or full access to all the cells, the bioreactor can be opened easily by cutting the silicone seal with a scalpel. Due to its simple design and the utilization of standard materials, it could serve as a suitable, cost-efficient tool to evaluate the behavior of cells cultured between hollow fiber capillaries. The paper describes the production process: similar to open source projects in software engineering, we would like to propose the concept as an open platform to anyone interested in hollow fiber based cell culture.
SNAP-25a and -25b isoforms are both expressed in insulin-secreting cells and can function in insulin secretion (1999)

The tSNARE (the target-membrane soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor, where NSF is N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein) synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is expressed in pancreatic B-cells and its cleavage by botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E) abolishes stimulated secretion of insulin. In the nervous system, two SNAP-25 isoforms (a and b) have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. Here it is shown, using reverse transcriptase PCR, that messages for both SNAP-25 isoforms are expressed in primary pancreatic B and non-B cells as well as in insulin-secreting cell lines. After transfection, both isoforms can be detected at the plasma membrane as well as in an intracellular perinuclear region in the insulin-secreting cell line, HIT. To test for the functional role of the two isoforms in insulin secretion, mutant forms of SNAP-25a and b resistant against cleavage by BoNT/E were generated. Such mutant SNAP-25, when expressed in HIT cells, is not inactivated by BoNT/E and its ability to restore insulin secretion can thus be investigated. To obtain the toxin-resistant mutant isoforms, the sequence around the BoNT/E cleavage site (R176QIDRIM182) was changed to P176QIKRIT182. This is the sequence of the equivalent region of human SNAP-23 (P187-T194), which has been shown to be resistant to BoNT/E. The mutant SNAP-25 was resistant to BoNT/E in vitro and in vivo and both mutant isoforms were able to reconstitute insulin secretion from toxin-treated HIT cells.
Mitosis-specific Activation of LIM Motif-containing Protein Kinase and Roles of Cofilin Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation in Mitosis (2002)

Actin filament dynamics play a critical role in mitosis and cytokinesis. LIM motif-containing protein kinase 1 (LIMK1) regulates actin reorganization by phosphorylating and inactivating cofilin, an actin-depolymerizing and -severing protein. To examine the role of LIMK1 and cofilin during the cell cycle, we measured cell cycle-associated changes in the kinase activity of LIMK1 and in the level of cofilin phosphorylation. Using synchronized HeLa cells, we found that LIMK1 became hyperphosphorylated and activated in prometaphase and metaphase, then gradually returned to the basal level as cells entered into telophase and cytokinesis. Although Rho-associated kinase and p21-activated protein kinase phosphorylate and activate LIMK1, they are not likely to be involved in mitosis-specific activation and phosphorylation of LIMK1. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses using an anti-phosphocofilin-specific antibody revealed that the level of cofilin phosphorylation, similar to levels of LIMK1 activity, increased during prometaphase and metaphase then gradually declined in telophase and cytokinesis. Ectopic expression of LIMK1 increased the level of cofilin phosphorylation throughout the cell cycle and induced the formation of multinucleate cells. These results suggest that LIMK1 is involved principally in control of mitosis-specific cofilin phosphorylation and that dephosphorylation and reactivation of cofilin at later stages of mitosis play a critical role in cytokinesis of mammalian cells.
Fast-neutron imaging spectrometer based on liquid scintillator loaded capillaries (2012)

A fast-neutron imaging detector based on micrometric glass capillaries loaded with high refractive index liquid scintillator has been developed Neutron energy spectrometry is based on event-by-event detection and reconstruction of neutron energy from the measurement of the knock-on proton track length and the amount of light produced in the track. In addition, the detector can provide fast-neutron imaging with position resolution of tens of microns. The detector principle of operation, simulations and experimental results obtained with a small detector prototype are described. We have demonstrated by simulation energy spectrum reconstruction for incident neutrons in the range of 4–20 MeV. The energy resolution in this energy range was 10–15%. Preliminary experimental results of detector spectroscopic capabilities are presented
Hexagon voltage manipulating control (HVMC) for AC motor drives operating at voltage limits (2014)

This paper proposes a hexagon voltage manipulating control (HVMC) method for ac motor drives operating at voltage limits. The command output voltage can be simply determined by the torque command and the hexagon voltage boundary in the absence of PI control gains, additional MTPV tracking controllers, and observers for closed-loop control. These attributes reduce the time and effort required for the calibration of the controller in the nonlinear voltage-limited region. The proposed hexagon voltage manipulating controller (HVMC) accomplishes the “true” maximum available voltage utilization, allowing a higher efficiency than that of the current vector controller (CVC) alone in the MTPV domain. Model-based voltage control (MVC) or CVC can be performed under the MTPA region and control authority is handed automatically over to the proposed HVMC in the voltage shortage region. Successful application of the control approach has been corroborated by a graphical and analytical analysis. The proposed control approach is potentially applicable to a broad family of control designs for ac drives.
Activation of miR-17-92 by NK-like homeodomain proteins suppresses apoptosis via reduction of E2F1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2009)

The NK-like family of homeobox genes includes TLX1, TLX3 and NKX2-5, which are ectopically activated in distinct subsets of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. Here we analysed their effect on the miR-17-92 cluster overexpressed in several types of cancer, including T-ALL. The pri-miR-17-92 polycistron encodes micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which decrease E2F1 protein expression, regulating proliferation and/or apoptosis. Quantification of pri-miR-17-92 in T-ALL cell lines suggested an implication of the NK-like homeodomain proteins in transcriptional regulation. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of NKX2-5 in the T-ALL cell line MOLT-4 consistently resulted in increased miR-17-92 pri-miRNA levels and decreased amounts of E2F1 protein. Induction of apoptosis by treating miR17-92 or E2F1 transduced T-ALL cells with etoposide led to reduced or enhanced cell viability, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of pri-miR-17-92 in T-ALL patients indicated elevated expression in those bearing TLX1/3 positive cells. These data support an activatory effect of NK-like homeodomain proteins on pri-miR-17-92 expression and concomitantly reduced E2F1 protein levels, thereby enhancing survival of leukemic T-cells.
Comparison of whole genome amplification techniques for human single cell exome sequencing (2017)

In this study four commercial kits for WGA (AMPLI1, MALBAC, Repli-G and PicoPlex) were used to amplify human single cells. The WGA products were exome sequenced together with non-amplified bulk samples from the same source. The resulting data was evaluated in terms of genomic coverage, allelic dropout and SNP calling.