gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Digital System Fundamentals (2023)

Electronic Digital Systems Fundamentals, 2nd Edition is an introductory text that provides coverage of the various topics in the field of digital electronics. The key concepts presented in this book are discussed using a simplified approach that greatly enhances learning. The use of mathematics is kept to the very minimum and is discussed clearly through applications and illustrations. Each chapter is organized in a step-by-step progression of concepts and theory. The chapters begin with an introduction, discuss important concepts with the help of numerous illustrations, as well as examples, and conclude with summaries. The overall learning objectives of this book include: Describe the characteristics of a digital electronic system. Explain the operation of digital electronic gate circuits. Demonstrate how gate functions are achieved. Use binary, octal, and hexadecimal counting systems. Use Boolean algebra to define different logic operations. Change a logic diagram into a Boolean expression and a Boolean expression into a logic diagram. Explain how discrete components are utilized in the construction of digital integrated circuits. Discuss how counting, decoding, multiplexing, demultiplexing, and clocks function with logic devices. Change a truth table into a logic expression and a logic expression into a truth table. Identify some of the common functions of digital memory. Explain how arithmetic operations are achieved with digital circuitry. Describe the operation of microcontrollers.
Thermal and Structural Simulation Techniques for Estimating Fatigue Life of an IGBT Module (2008)

Two techniques, one for estimating fatigue life of aluminum bonding wires and one for estimating fatigue life of solders under repeated thermal load, were developed. In one method, fracture mechanics with strain intensity factor (Delta <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">epsiv</sub> ) is used to estimate the fatigue life of aluminum bonding wires. In the other method, "electrical-thermal-structural coupled analysis" is used to estimate fatigue life of solders. The simulated crack propagation in aluminum bonding wires agrees well with the experimentally measured propagation. Moreover, the simulations show that fatigue life of aluminum bonding wires has a lower fatigue limit at a temperature-cycling range of 30degC.
A reduced component count single-stage electrolytic capacitor-less battery charger with sinusoidal charging (2017)

This paper proposes a new single-stage electrolytic capacitor-less ac-dc converter with sinusoidal charging for EV battery chargers. The proposed converter has simple circuit structure with reduced component count. It achieves ZVS turn-on of all switches and ZCS turn-off of all diodes. Requiring no input filter due to CCM operation and bulky electrolytic capacitors, and having no low frequency component in the transformer the proposed converter is able to achieve high power density. A 2-kW prototype of the proposed converter has been built and tested to verify the validity of the proposed operation.
A Recurrent Neural Network for Hand Gesture Recognition based on Accelerometer Data (2019)

For many applications, hand gesture recognition systems that rely on biosignal data exclusively are mandatory. Usually, theses systems have to be affordable, reliable as well as mobile. The hand is moved due to muscle contractions that cause motions of the forearm skin. Theses motions can be captured with cheap and reliable accelerometers placed around the forearm. Since accelerometers can also be integrated into mobile systems easily, the possibility of a robust hand gesture recognition based on accelerometer signals is evaluated in this work. For this, a neural network architecture consisting of two different kinds of recurrent neural network (RNN) cells is proposed. Experiments on three databases reveal that this relatively small network outperforms by far state-of-the-art hand gesture recognition approaches that rely on multi-modal data. The combination of accelerometer data and an RNN forms a robust hand gesture classification system, i.e., the performance of the network does not vary a lot between subjects and it is outstanding for amputees. Furthermore, the proposed network uses only 5 ms short windows to classify the hand gestures. Consequently, this approach allows for a quick, and potentially delay-free hand gesture detection.
Generalized Higher-Order Voronoi Diagrams on Polyhedral Surfaces (2007)

We present an algorithm for computing exact shortest paths, and consequently distances, from a generalized source (point, segment, polygonal chain or polygonal region) on a possibly non-convex polyhedral surface in which polygonal chain or polygon obstacles are allowed. We also present algorithms for computing discrete Voronoi diagrams of a set of generalized sites (points, segments, polygonal chains or polygons) on a polyhedral surface with obstacles. To obtain the discrete Voronoi diagrams our algorithms, exploiting hardware graphics capabilities, compute shortest path distances defined by the sites.
AN OFFLINE SIGNATURE RECOGNITION AND VERIFICATION SYSTEM BASED ON NEURAL NETWORK (2014)

Various techniques are already introduced for personal identification and verification based on different types of biometrics which can be physiological or behavioral. Signatures lies in the category of behavioral biometric which can distort or changed with course of time. Signatures are considered to be most promising authentication method in all legal and financial documents. It is necessary to verify signers and their respective signatures. This paper presents an Offline Signature recognition and verification system(SRVS). In this system signature database of signature images is created, followed by image preprocessing, feature extraction, neural network design and training, and classification of signature as genuine or counterfeit.
Creating Interactive Learning Environment in Physical Sciences Using Spreadsheet (2012)

Nowadays every desktop computer has a spreadsheet as bundled software with Ms-Office or Open Office. It is generally recognized as the software for accounting jobs. Scientists or teachers use it as an elementary statistical tool. In this article we shall show how a spreadsheet can be effectively utilized as an efficient calculator of different scientific functions and also as an elegant visualiser due to its brilliant graphics. An instructor can use this tool for simulation, effective demonstration and as an adept problem solver in a classroom.
Signaling schemes for revenue maximization (2012)

Signaling is an important topic in the study of asymmetric information in economic settings. In particular, the transparency of information available to a seller in an auction setting is a question of major interest. We introduce the study of signaling when conducting a second price auction of a probabilistic good whose actual instantiation is known to the auctioneer but not to the bidders. This framework can be used to model impressions selling in display advertising. We establish several results within this framework. First, we study the problem of computing a signaling scheme that maximizes the auctioneer's revenue in a Bayesian setting. We show that this problem is polynomially solvable for some interesting special cases, but computationally hard in general. Second, we establish a tight bound on the minimum number of signals required to implement an optimal signaling scheme. Finally, we show that at least half of the maximum social welfare can be preserved within such a scheme.
Digital signal processing techniques for compression of power quality disturbance events: new results (2005)

This paper addresses the compression of power quality disturbance events when the monitored signals are composed of several harmonics and transients. We propose the use of a new approach for amplitude, frequency, and phase estimations of multiple sinusoids along with a transform coding technique based on discrete wavelet transform for the compression of monitored signals. The new method can be considered as a modified version of the recently proposed enhanced data compression method (EDCM). Numerical results show that the new method not only provide almost the same performance as that of the EDCM when only the fundamental and transient signals are in the monitored signals, but also overcomes the limitation of the EDCM when applied for compression of the monitored signals composed of many harmonic and transient components.
Toward development of epigenetic drugs for central nervous system disorders: Modulating neuroplasticity <i>via</i><scp>H3K4</scp> methylation (2016)

The mammalian brain dynamically activates or silences gene programs in response to environmental input and developmental cues. This neuroplasticity is controlled by signaling pathways that modify the activity, localization, and/or expression of transcriptional-regulatory enzymes in combination with alterations in chromatin structure in the nucleus. Consistent with this key neurobiological role, disruptions in the fine-tuning of epigenetic and transcriptional regulation have emerged as a recurrent theme in studies of the genetics of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, environmental factors have been implicated in the increased risk of heterogeneous, multifactorial, neuropsychiatric disorders via epigenetic mechanisms. Aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression thus provides an attractive unifying model for understanding the complex risk architecture of mental illness. Here, we review emerging genetic evidence implicating dysregulation of histone lysine methylation in neuropsychiatric disease and outline advancements in small-molecule probes targeting this chromatin modification. The emerging field of neuroepigenetic research is poised to provide insight into the biochemical basis of genetic risk for diverse neuropsychiatric disorders and to develop the highly selective chemical tools and imaging agents necessary to dissect dynamic transcriptional-regulatory mechanisms in the nervous system. On the basis of these findings, continued advances may lead to the validation of novel, disease-modifying therapeutic targets for a range of disorders with aberrant chromatin-mediated neuroplasticity.
<i>In Vivo</i> Transcriptional Activation Using CRISPR/Cas9 in <i>Drosophila</i> (2015)

A number of approaches for Cas9-mediated transcriptional activation have recently been developed, allowing target genes to be overexpressed from their endogenous genomic loci. However, these approaches have thus far been limited to cell culture, and this technique has not been demonstrated in vivo in any animal. The technique involving the fewest separate components, and therefore the most amenable to in vivo applications, is the dCas9-VPR system, where a nuclease-dead Cas9 is fused to a highly active chimeric activator domain. In this study, we characterize the dCas9-VPR system in Drosophila cells and in vivo. We show that this system can be used in cell culture to upregulate a range of target genes, singly and in multiplex, and that a single guide RNA upstream of the transcription start site can activate high levels of target transcription. We observe marked heterogeneity in guide RNA efficacy for any given gene, and we confirm that transcription is inhibited by guide RNAs binding downstream of the transcription start site. To demonstrate one application of this technique in cells, we used dCas9-VPR to identify target genes for Twist and Snail, two highly conserved transcription factors that cooperate during Drosophila mesoderm development. In addition, we simultaneously activated both Twist and Snail to identify synergistic responses to this physiologically relevant combination. Finally, we show that dCas9-VPR can activate target genes and cause dominant phenotypes in vivo, providing the first demonstration of dCas9 activation in a multicellular animal. Transcriptional activation using dCas9-VPR thus offers a simple and broadly applicable technique for a variety of overexpression studies.
Efficacy and safety of lesogaberan in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a randomised controlled trial (2012)

In patients with GERD symptoms partially responsive to PPI therapy, lesogaberan was only marginally superior to placebo in achieving an improvement in symptoms.
The biopsychology of mood and arousal (1990)

Introduction Modern perspectives on mood Arousal: A basic element of mood and behaviour Daily rhythms of subjective energy and other biopsychological cycles Determinants of energetic and tense arousal, including cognitive-mood interactions The natural interaction of energetic and tense moods: A multidimensional arousal model Issues relating to formal and informal research on mood Toward an understanding of nonpathological mood states: Evidence, speculations, and applications Appendices References.
“街头”暗号：我爱运动 (2006)

逛街，每个人都会的常规动作！但如何逛街、怎样逛街却是一门学问。本栏目记者将带着大家一起去逛街、淘宝，欢迎“熊掌族”加入我们逛街的行列中来．尽情展示你的逛街心得！逛街热线6942862。
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 17/2008 (2008)

Front Cover: The cover picture is an artistic representation of a random blocky copolymer of polyethylene and polycarbonate prepared using segment interchange metathesis superimposed onto the resulting TEM. The chemically distinct polymer segments of the blocky copolymer spontaneously self‐assemble into microphase structures, which persist into the melt state. Further details can be found in the article by N. L. Wagner, * F. J. Timmers, D. J. Arriola, G. Jueptner, and B. G. Landes on page 1438.
Percutaneous Repair or Medical Treatment for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation (2018)

Among patients with severe secondary mitral regurgitation, the rate of death or unplanned hospitalization for heart failure at 1 year did not differ significantly between patients who underwent percutaneous mitral-valve repair in addition to receiving medical therapy and those who received medical therapy alone. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health and Research National Program and Abbott Vascular; MITRA-FR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01920698 .).
MicroRNA-223-3p suppresses leukemia inhibitory factor expression and pinopodes formation during embryo implantation in mice. (2016)

MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, which hybridizes the target mRNAs with complementary sequence and subsequently leads to translation repression or mRNA degradation. Online sequence alignment showed that there is a putative binding site of miR-223-3p on the 3'UTR of LIF, which is considered to be an important marker of endometrial receptivity. Thus, we hypothesized that miR-223-3p may affect embryo implantation by suppressing LIF expression. In this study, we found that miR-223-3p and LIF protein was inversely expressed in the endometrium of mice during implantation window. Then we proved that miR-223-3p directly binds to LIF 3'UTR with luciferase reporter assay and supresses the expression of LIF. To investigate whether miR-233-3p affects embryo implantation, miR-223-3p agonist was injected into the uteri of pregnant mice. The results demonstrated the suppressing effect of miR-223-3p on embryo implantation. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-223-3p was found to compromise pinopodes formation in the endometrium of mice. Taken all together, our findings revealed that miR-223-3p suppresses pinopodes formation and LIF protein expression, which may lead to diminished embryo implantation.
Physics of closed drift thrusters (1999)

Closed drift thrusters are reviewed. The publications on these thrusters constitute a large body of information. This article can therefore include only the most prominent theoretical and experimental features of closed drift thrusters. In some regards, this article is also an attempted synthesis of the differing views of these thrusters found in literature, as well as in our own work.
2ZrO <sub>2</sub> ·Y <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> Thermal Barrier Coatings Resistant to Degradation by Molten <scp>CMAS</scp> : Part <scp>II</scp> , Interactions with Sand and Fly Ash (2014)

Based on the application of OB considerations (Part I) to various major thermal barrier coating ( TBC ) compositions and two types of important calcium–magnesium–alumino–silicates ( CMAS )—desert sand and fly ash—the 2 ZrO 2 · Y 2 O 3 solid solution (ss) TBC composition, with high CMAS ‐resistance potential, is chosen for studying molten‐ CMAS / TBC interactions. It is demonstrated that 2ZrO 2 ·Y 2 O 3 (ss) air plasma sprayed ( APS ) TBC s are highly resistant to high‐temperature attack by both sand‐ CMAS and fly‐ash‐ CMAS . Despite the differences in the compositions of the two CMAS s, the overall CMAS ‐attack mitigation mechanisms in both cases appear to be similar, viz reaction between 2ZrO 2 ·Y 2 O 3 (ss) APS TBC and the CMAS , and the formation of main reaction products of Y‐depleted c ‐ ZrO 2 and nonstoichiometric Ca – Y apatite. Large differences in the OB s (ΔΛ) between the 2ZrO 2 ·Y 2 O 3 (ss) and the CMAS s are good predictors of ready reaction between this TBC and these CMAS s. While the details of the CMAS ‐mitigation mechanisms can depend critically on various other aspects, the OB difference (ΔΛ) calculations could be used for the initial screening of CMAS ‐resistant TBC compositions.
No functional impairment after Robodoc total hip arthroplasty (2002)

The Robodoc total hip replacement procedure requires a wider exposure of the proximal femur, especially of the greater trochanter, than the standard procedure. Moreover, the leg must be placed in a rigid leg-holder apparatus to obtain fixation in maximal hip adduction and external rotation. This may impair the hip abductors and reduce hip abduction in the mid- and terminal stance phase of the cycle. In this study we compared patients after Robodoc and conventional total hip arthroplasty with three-dimensional gait analysis (VICON System, Oxford Metrics, Oxford, U.K.) to assess the kinematics of the pelvis and hip. 25 patients underwent total hip replacement by means of the Robodoc total hip arthroplasty system, 25 patients were treated with conventional total hip replacement, and 40 healthy volunteers served as controls. None of the patients undergoing total hip replacement, robotic or conventional, obtained normal kinematic gait patterns 6 months after surgery. However, the reduction in hip abduction did not differ significantly in patients undergoing robotic or conventional total hip arthroplasty, which suggests that the robotic procedure did not impair hip abductor function more than the conventional method.
SCIENTIFIC OPINION Special measures to reduce the risk for consumers through Salmonella in table eggs - e.g. cooling of table eggs 1 Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards (2009)

SUMMARY Following a request from the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on special measures to reduce the risk for consumers through Salmonella in table eggs, e.g. cooling of eggs.
Pilot study of the safety and efficacy of Myobloc™ (botulinum toxin type B) for treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis (2005)

Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B) proved to be safe and efficacious for the treatment of bilateral axillary hyperhidrosis. More studies are needed to assess the duration of response using different doses of Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B).
Experimental Investigation of Proppant Diagenesis (2014)

Abstract Comparative role of mechanisms such as proppant crushing, embedment, diagenesis and fines migration is not well understood regarding hydraulic fracture conductivity. In this study, we have measured the long term permeability changed in the proppant pack under downhole conditions of temperature, confining pressure, pore pressure and fluid salinity. Major part of this study investigates proppant diagenesis and its role in hydraulic fracture conductivity reduction. Diagenesis is defined as any change in the proppant/shale material after proppant placement. Proppant indentation on the shale surface was also studied along with changes in chemical composition of the exit brine. Diverse types of secondary growths were observed both on the proppant as well as the shale surface. Most of the secondary growth using the quartz proppant and low flow rate was observed near the shale edges where the brine velocity was low. Ceramic proppant showed the most secondary growth, while resin coated proppant showed no growth. The pH of the exit fluid of several tests show dependence on carbonate content of shale. Significant permeability change that was observed with high flow rate tests was not observed at low flow rates. For quartz proppant, considerable amount of proppant breakage and indentation was observed. Fines generation causing permeability reduction was observed in tests conducted with quartz and ceramic proppants but not resin coated proppants. Indentation depth showed dependence on proppant type and distribution. Introduction Hydraulic fracturing is conducted to create a pathway for the hydrocarbons to flow into the wellbore from the reservoir. Fracturing fluid under very high pressure is pumped along with proppants during this procedure. While the high hydraulic pressure helps in fracture initiation and propagation, the proppant helps in keeping the fracture open after pressure removal for easy flow of hydrocarbons. Economic production from shales is attributed mainly to hydraulic fracturing. Shales exhibit very low permeability, usually in the range of 10-1000 nanodarcies. At such low permeability, the use of multistage hydraulic fracturing is inevitable. Proppants are pumped during the hydraulic fracturing process. Their interaction with the shale matrix and the surrounding liquid is important to understand because this governs the long term permeability of the fracture. This paper discusses the results of long term studies conducted at simulated reservoir conditions to study the proppant behavior and associated fracture permeability.
A modified method of mixed lymphocyte reaction: Establishment of the assay system and its application to extracts of fungal cultures. (1993)

A modified mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was developed to screen immunosuppressive agents. In the MLR, irradiation of splenocytes with UV light was employed for the preparation of stimulator cells, and the highest response was observed with the combination of splenocytes of C3H/He mice as a stimulator and those of C57BL/6 as a responder. The blastogenesis of the responder cells was quantified by a colorimetric method using MTT in 96-well microculture plates. For screening immunosuppressive substances, the MLR in combination with a cytotoxicity test can distinguish immunosuppressors from cytotoxic agents. The applications of this assay system to extracts of fungal culture was also described.
Acoustic landmine detection using laser scanning vibrometer (1999)

Airborne acoustic waves that couple into the surface of the ground excite Biot compressional and shear waves. If a minelike target is present below the surface, the ground surface vibrational velocity will show distinct changes due to reflection and scattering of these waves. Taking advantage of a noncontact measurement technique, the surface vibrational velocity is detected with a laser Doppler vibrometer. Sound waves with a wavelength comparable to the object size are suitable for recognizing geometrical shapes of targets, while true wavelike acoustic scattering phenomena can be observed with a shorter acoustic wavelength. In the present contribution, both shape/size recognition and scattering phenomena of buried mines detected by the laser Doppler based acoustic detection will be visualized in terms of a number of 2-D and 3-D animations. [The work is supported by U. S. Army Communications-Electronics Command.]