gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycosphingolipids Internalized via Caveolar-related Endocytosis Rapidly Merge with the Clathrin Pathway in Early Endosomes and Form Microdomains for Recycling (2003)

We have previously demonstrated that glycosphingolipids are internalized from the plasma membrane of human skin fibroblasts by a clathrin-independent, caveolar-related mechanism and are subsequently transported to the Golgi apparatus by a process that is dependent on microtubules, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Rab7, and Rab9. Here we characterized the early steps of intracellular transport of a fluorescent glycosphingolipid analog, BODIPY-lactosylceramide (LacCer), and compared this to fluorescent transferrin (Tfn), a well established marker for the clathrin pathway. Although these two markers were initially internalized into separate vesicles by distinct mechanisms, they became co-localized in early endosomes within 5 min. These results demonstrate that glycosphingolipid-containing vesicles derived from caveolar-related endocytosis fuse with the classical endosomal system. However, in contrast to Tfn, internalization and trafficking of LacCer was independent of Rab5a, a key regulator of transport to early endosomes. By taking advantage of the monomer/excimer properties of the fluorescent lipid analog, we were also able to visualize LacCer segregation into distinct microdomains of high (red emission) and low (green emission) concentrations in the early endosomes of living cells. Interestingly, the high concentration "red" microdomains co-localized with fluorescent Tfn upon exit from early endosomes and passed through Rab11-positive "recycling endosomes" prior to being transported back to the plasma membrane. These results together with our previous studies suggest that glycosphingolipids internalized by caveolar endocytosis are rapidly delivered to early endosomes where they are fractionated into two major pools, one that is transported via late endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and the other that is returned to the plasma membrane via the recycling compartment.
교육 목적으로서 “일반 능력” 설정에 대한 논의 고찰: 2015 개정 교육과정의 핵심역량과 교과 역량의 관계에 주는 함의 (2016)

본 연구의 목적은 교육 목적을 일반 능력으로 설정하는 것에 대한 이론적 논의를 고찰함으로써 2015 개정 교육과정의 핵심역량과 교과 역량의 관계에 대한 시사점을 도출하는 데에 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 교육 목적을 일반 능력의 함양으로 보는 형식도야이론에 대한 J. Dewey와 P. H. Hirst의 비판적 견해와 교육목적을 일반 능력의 함양으로 규정하는 것을 다소 긍정적인 관점에서 보는 E. Vallance의 견해를 비교하여 분석하였다. 교육 목적을 일반 능력의 함양으로 규정하는 다양한 견해를 비교ㆍ분석한 결과, 핵심역량과 교과역량의 관계는 교과 간 경계를 인정하는 관점과 교과 간 경계를 허무는 관점에서 양자의 관계를 설정할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 후자의 관점을 취할 때 교과 역량의 설정이 무의미한 것으로 나타날 가능성이 있다. 2015 개정 교육과정은 교과 간 경계를 인정하는 관점에서 핵심역량과 교과 역량의 관계를 설정하고 있는 것으로 보이지만, 과연 그러한지, 어떤 점에서 그러한지에 대한 심층적인 이론적 논의가 필요하며, 앞으로 우리나라 국가 교육과정에 핵심역량을 발전적으로 반영하기 위해서는 관련된 이론적 논의가 더욱 심도있게 이루어질 필요가 있다.
Nucleotide sequence of the Mycobacterium leprae katG region (1997)

Synthetic oligonucleotide primers based on the DNA sequence data of the Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycobacterium intracellulare katG genes encoding the heme-containing enzyme catalase-peroxidase were used to amplify and analyze the Mycobacterium leprae katG region by PCR. A 1.6-kb DNA fragment, which hybridized to an M. tuberculosis katG probe, was obtained from an M. leprae DNA template. Southern hybridization analysis with a probe derived from the PCR-amplified fragment showed that the M. leprae chromosome contains only one copy of the putative katG sequence in a 3.4-kb EcoRI-BamHI DNA segment. Although the nucleotide sequence of the katG region of M. leprae was approximately 70% identical to that of the M. tuberculosis katG gene, no open reading frame encoding a catalase-peroxidase was detectable in the whole sequence. Moreover, two DNA deletions of approximately 100 and 110 bp were found in the M. leprae katG region, and they seemed to be present in all seven M. leprae isolates tested. These results strongly suggest that M. leprae lacks a functional katG gene and catalase-peroxidase activity.
The Design and Development of an Irrigating Sucking Cutter for Neurosurgical Use (1986)

The design requirements, philosophy, and decisions are described for a new surgical instrument for the removal of tough, deeply-located tumours. Prototype development and surgical experience are described.
Antibacterial Activity of Some Flavonoids and Organic Acids Widely Distributed in Plants (2019)

Among natural substances widespread in fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants, flavonoids and organic acids belong to the promising groups of bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of 13 common flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones) and 6 organic acids (aliphatic and aromatic acids). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected plant substances were determined by the micro-dilution method using clinical strains of four species of pathogenic bacteria. All tested compounds showed antimicrobial properties, but their biological activity was moderate or relatively low. Bacterial growth was most strongly inhibited by salicylic acid (MIC = 250-500 μg/mL). These compounds were generally more active against Gram-negative bacteria: <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> than Gram-positive ones: <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. An analysis of the antibacterial effect of flavone, chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin showed that the presence of hydroxyl groups in the phenyl rings A and B usually did not influence on the level of their activity. A significant increase in the activity of the hydroxy derivatives of flavone was observed only for <i>S. aureus</i>. Similarly, the presence and position of the sugar group in the flavone glycosides generally had no effect on the MIC values.
Normal Marine, Shallow Subtidal Stromatolites in the Lower Miocene Chipola Formation, Alum Bluff, Liberty County, Florida (2014)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Solidification driven extrusion of spikes during laser melting of silicon pillars (2006)

We have observed the formation of nanoscale Si spikes atop mesoscopic Si pillars during laser irradiation at intensities sufficiently high to melt silicon. The spikes have a radius on the order of 100 nm (<50 nm at the tip) and up to several micrometres in length. Nanoscale clusters formed during laser ablation deposit on the surface of the melt and nucleate the solidification of a mantle. The spikes are extruded through a solid mantle that applies pressure to a molten core as the liquid fuses. The growth mechanism is shown to be the same as the mechanism for formation of centimetre-scale ice spikes formed from freezing pure water. This mechanism of spike formation scales from the macroscopic to the nanoscopic regime and should be completely general and applicable to any material that expands upon freezing.
The Early Write Back Scheme For Write-Back Cache (2009)

Generally, depth cache and pixel cache of 3D graphics are designed by using write-back scheme for efficient use of memory bandwidth. Also, there are write after read operations of same address or only write operations are occurred frequently in 3D graphics cache. If a cache miss is detected, an access to the external memory for write back operation and another access to the memory for handling the cache miss are operated simultaneously. So on frequent cache miss situations, as the memory access bandwidth limited, the access time of the external memory will be increased due to memory bottleneck problem. As a result, the total performance of the processor or the IP will be decreased, also the problem will increase peak power consumption. So in this paper, we proposed a novel early write back cache architecture so as to solve the problems issued above. The proposed architecture controls the point when to access the external memory as to copy the valid data block. And this architecture can improve the cache performance with same hit ratio and same capacity cache. As a result, the proposed architecture can solve the memory bottleneck problem by preventing intensive memory accesses. We have evaluated the new proposed architecture on 3D graphics z cache and pixel cache on a SoC environment where ARM11, 3D graphic accelerator and various IPs are embedded. The simulation results indicated that there were maximum 75% of performance increase when using various simulation vectors.
Prevalence and Genetic Profiling of Virulence Determinants of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing<i>Escherichia coli</i>Isolated from Cattle, Beef, and Humans, Calcutta, India (2002)

Umbilical cord blood transplantation has many potential advantages over Bone Marrow Transplantation using other donor sources to patients in need of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Collecting of Umbilical cord blood is a technically simple procedure that poses no foreseeable health risks to the mother or the fetus. The results achieved during the last 10 years of the European Transplantation Centers define this new technology as vanguard and perspective, alternative treatment of the patients obtained oncological disorders.
Towards data assurance and resilience in IoT using blockchain (2017)

Data assurance and resilience are crucial security issues in cloud-based IoT applications. With the widespread adoption of drones in IoT scenarios such as warfare, agriculture and delivery, effective solutions to protect data integrity and communications between drones and the control system have been in urgent demand to prevent potential vulnerabilities that may cause heavy losses. To secure drone communication during data collection and transmission, as well as preserve the integrity of collected data, we propose a distributed solution by utilizing blockchain technology along with the traditional cloud server. Instead of registering the drone itself to the blockchain, we anchor the hashed data records collected from drones to the blockchain network and generate a blockchain receipt for each data record stored in the cloud, reducing the burden of moving drones with the limit of battery and process capability while gaining enhanced security guarantee of the data. This paper presents the idea of securing drone data collection and communication in combination with a public blockchain for provisioning data integrity and cloud auditing. The evaluation shows that our system is a reliable and distributed system for drone data assurance and resilience with acceptable overhead and scalability for a large number of drones.
Prediction of sensory quality by near infrared reflectance analysis of frozen and freeze dried green peas (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) (1990)

Abstract Frozen, green peas (Pisum sativum L ) of different varieties and different levels of maturity were evaluated by sensory analysis using a panel of ten trained judges. Two texture variables (hardness and mealiness) and four flavour variables (pea flavour, sweetness, fruity flavour, off flavour) were considered. Near infiared reflectance ( N I R ) analysis was performed with the same material, on both the fiozen and fieeze dried peas. The N I R instrument was calibrated to predict the sensory variables using the multivariate analytical method of principal component regression. Tenderometer readings of the same peas were also calibrated to predict the sensory variables. N I R analysis on the fieeze dried peas showed relative ability of prediction (RAP) values for the sensory variables which were higher than those for the tenderometer readings. The sensory attributes pea flavour and hardness were predicted with higher RAP values by tenderometer readings than by N I R analysis on fiozen peas. For the rest of the attributes, N I R analysis on fiozen peas gave higher RAP values than tenderometer readings. N I R generally gave high RAP values, and this tentative study suggests that N I R analysis could be a useful tool in instrumentally assessing the quality of frozen peas.
SPAD-based flash LiDAR sensor with high ambient light rejection for automotive applications (2018)

LiDAR is a key sensor technology for future driving. For autonomous vehicles a fast and reliable three dimensional monitoring of the environment is essential for managing a wide variety of common traffic situations. Since these kinds of systems use typically light in the near infrared range, ambient light of the sun is a serious problem due to its high intensity compared to the laser source. Therefore, reducing the influence of ambient light on the distance measurement is very important. In this paper we present a 2 × 192 pixel SPAD-based direct time-of-flight line sensor for flash LiDAR applications with high ambient light rejection integrated in standard CMOS technology. Two commercially available 905 nm laser diodes emitting short pulses are employed for scene illumination. For time measurement an in-pixel timeto- digital-converter with a resolution of 312.5 ps and full range of 1.28 μs has been implemented. Each pixel uses four vertically arranged single SPADs for background light rejection based on the detection of temporal correlated photons. This technique allows the discrimination of the received laser pulse buried in the superimposed background light and, hence, to improve the measurement quality. Additionally, different parameters of the coincidence detection circuit, such as coincidence depth and time, can be varied during operation to enable a real time adjustment to the present ambient light condition, which is measured between each laser shot by operating the sensor in photon counting mode. By using this technique the sensor allows a reliable distance measurement at various ambient and target conditions.
A review on inkjet printing of nanoparticle inks for flexible electronics (2019)

The recent progress, challenges and promising future of design and synthesis of inks and device fabrication by inkjet printing are reviewed and discussed.
Suppression of collagenase gene expression by all‐trans and 9‐cis retinoic acid is ligand dependent and requires both RARs and RXRs (1995)

Retinoic acids (RA) are active metabolites of vitamin A which affect the expression of many genes involved in embryonic development, cell differentiation, and homeostasis. One important target gene for RA is matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, collagenase), the only enzyme active at neutral pH that can degrade interstitial collagen, a major component of extracellular matrix. Using a cell line of normal rabbit synovial fibroblasts, HIG82 cells, as a model, we report that both all-trans- and 9-cis-RA inhibit collagenase synthesis. This inhibition occurs at a transcriptional level and is ligand-dependent. Constitutive levels of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) mRNA levels are low, but are increased by all-trans and by 9-cis RA. In contrast, constitutive levels of retinoid X receptor (RXR) mRNA are higher and are not affected by RA. To measure DNA/protein interactions, we used a gel mobility shift assay with oligonucleotides containing either an AP-1 site or a 40 bp region between -182/-141, nuclear extracts from RT-treated cells, and antibodies to RARs and RXRs. We found that both RARs and RXRs interact with these regions of the collagenase promoter, perhaps as part of a complex with other proteins. Our results suggest that heterodimers between RARs and RXRs mediate suppression of the collagenase gene by RA, and that RAR is a limiting factor in this negative regulation.
Haptic user interface design for students with visual impairments (2009)

Many students with visual impairments (VIs) study in public schools instead of special education programs. They should have equal opportunities of learning in competitive educational environments with the most appropriate assistive technology. Yet, today's assistive technology is less likely to support students with VIs in learning visually complex science concepts (e.g., heat and temperature). There is a need of a new means to facilitate their understanding. Haptic technology is considered a useful tool of effectively obtaining information because it enables students with VIs to directly interact with virtual objects and also access sensory cues to feel the objects' various characteristics. This paper aims to explore the haptic user interfaces (UIs) that help students easily understand the concepts of heat and temperature. Archival research and participatory design with teachers were performed to develop haptic UIs and educational contents. Archival research resulted in 44 misconceptions related to heat and temperature. A multimodal interaction was recommended to contribute to user's successful interacting with haptic UIs.
The crystal structure of 1,3-bis(2,6-diiso-propylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene)-dibromido-(1-methyl-1<i>H</i>-imidazole-κ<sup>1</sup>N)palladium(II) – ethyl acetate – water (1/1/1), C<sub>31</sub>H<sub>42</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub>Pd (2016)

Abstract C 31 H 42 Br 2 N 4 Pd, monoclinic, P 2 1 / c , a = 12.3093(14)Å, b = 15.2805(18) Å, c = 20.3205(17) Å, β = 112.213(5)°, V = 3538.5(7) Å 3 , Z = 4, R gt ( F ) = 0.0540, wR ref ( F 2 ) = 0.1528, T = 298(2)K.
Production and Properties of a Wire‐Arc Additive Manufacturing Part Made with Friction Extruded Wire (2015)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Systems, Parameter and Procedures Results Discussion
Dose proportionality of stavudine in hiv seropositive asymptomatic subjects: Application to bioequivalence assessment of various capsule formulations (1995)

The dose proportionality and bioequivalence of the capsule formulations used in clinical trials and the proposed commercial formulations of stavudine were assessed in an open-label, single-dose, randomized four-way crossover study in 16 asymptomatic HIV-infected males. One capsule of stavudine (5, 10, 20, or 40 mg) was administered orally to each subject in each of the four treatment periods. Serial blood samples were collected for 10 h after each dose and the plasma was assayed for intact stavudine by a validated radioimmunoassay method. The plasma concentration-time data were subjected to non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. For doses ranging from 5 to 40 mg, mean Cmax and AUC0-infinity values were in the range of 110.36-889.34 ng mL-1 and 246.46-1945.97 h ng mL-1 respectively. The mean Cmax and AUC0-infinity of stavudine increased in a dose-proportional manner. Irrespective of the dose, mean Cmax values were observed at a median tmax of 0.75 h or less. Mean t1/2 values were 1.97, 1.77, 1.67 and 1.66 h for the 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg capsules, respectively. For bioequivalence assessment, Cmax and AUC0-infinity values were normalized to the 10 mg dose since these parameters were dose proportional. The 10 mg capsule formulation used in phase-3 clinical trials was chosen as the reference. The relative bioavailability estimates and 90% confidence limits for the dose-normalized Cmax values with the 10 mg capsule as the reference were 86% (76%, 96%), 99% (88%, 110%), and 90% (80%, 100%) for the 5, 20, and 40 mg capsules, respectively. The differences in the point estimates of the dose-normalized AUC0-infinity values for the 5, 20, and 40 mg capsules relative to the 10 mg phase-3 capsule were 1% or less, and the 90% confidence limits were all within 95-106%. These results indicate that stavudine exhibits linear pharmacokinetics and that the 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg capsules of stavudine are bioequivalent.
Blue Whale Response to Underwater Noise from Commercial Ships (2011)

The extent to which low-frequency noise from large vessels is a part of the coastal marine environment and the ramifications of this for blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) communication ranges and vocal behavior was investigated in the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC), a region off the coast of southern California. Analysis of noise from individual ships transiting the region, identified unique spectral characteristics, and radiated noise levels related to ship-type. Predicting radiated underwater noise from container ships under normal operating conditions proved to be challenging given the high dimensionality of the problem. Generalized additive models of radiated ship noise in relation to design characteristics, operational conditions, and oceanographic features revealed the most relevant parameters associated with ship noise. The statistical approach provided a comprehensive view of radiated ship noise in a coastal environment. Increased background noise levels from commercial ship traffic altered the low-frequency acoustic environment in which large whales are communicating. A comparison of long term averages of ambient noise at different sites revealed that blue whales utilizing this region are exposed to diverse acoustic environments and ranges at which they can communicate acoustically. A significant reduction in average noise levels in the SBC, related to changes in the economy and unintended consequences of an air quality improvement rule, was observed from 2007 to 2010. The decrease in ocean noise provided direct evidence for the impact on the ecosystem from the human activity and presented a unique opportunity to understand the magnitude of change necessary to improve the acoustic habitat quality for blue whales. Although the vocalizations of blue whales continued in the presence of ships, changes in call level and rate were observed. Understanding the interactions between human activity and the marine ecosystem is vital to its sustainability. The results of this research advance scientific understanding of human produced noise in the marine environment, and serves as a model for addressing noise pollution in a coastal region on both an ecosystem and individual species basis
First occurrence of Neastymachus luteus (Nikol'skaya, 1952) (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) for Western Europe in a new host, Aclerda berlesii (Buffa, 1897) (Hemiptera, Aclerdidae) (2011)

A new record of the encyrtid Neastymachus luteus Nikol'skaya (1952) (Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae, Encyrtinae), far from its known distribution area, is presented. Several individuals of this parasitic Hymenoptera were reared from Aclerda berlesii Buffa (1897) females on the large perennial grass Arundo donax Linnaeus (1753) in the province of Alicante, Spain. This is the first occurrence of this chalcidoid species for Western Europe; previously it was quoted from the West Palearctic (Algeria). The only insect host known until now for this parasitoid was Nipponaclerda turanica Borchsenius (1950) (Aclerdidae) on Phragmites vulgaris. The female of N. luteus is fully illustrated and described for the first time.
Stimulation of pancreatic islet beta-cell replication by oncogenes. (1988)

Although the growth potential of the pancreatic islet beta cells is limited, glucose, cAMP, and certain polypeptide growth factors have been reported by other workers to exert modest stimulatory effects on beta-cell replication. To further assess means through which beta-cell growth can be stimulated, selected oncogene constructs linked to a rat insulin promoter were introduced by means of electroporation into free islet cells prepared from fetal rats and adult hyperglycemic obese (ob/ob) mice. The uptake and expression of the added oncogenes were sufficiently efficient to exert effects on beta-cell physiology in short-term experiments (less than or equal to 4 days). Stimulation of islet cell [3H]thymidine incorporation was observed after transfection with src alone or the combination of myc and ras. The effect observed in the fetal islet cells with src was more pronounced than any effect previously reported. Transfection with the src oncogene resulted in phosphorylation of lipocortin I and was paralleled by an increased immunofluorescence against src-like immunoreactivity in a majority of the electroporated cells. It is concluded that electroporation can induce sufficiently efficient expression of added oncogene constructs to study their effects on cells that are not readily transformable into continuously growing cell lines. Furthermore, the results suggest that beta-cell replication might be manipulated extrinsically by inserting appropriate growth-promoting genes into these cells.