gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ataxia-telangiectasia gene product, a constitutively expressed nuclear protein that is not up-regulated following genome damage (1997)

The product of the ataxia-telangiectasia gene (ATM) was identified by using an antiserum developed to a peptide corresponding to the deduced amino acid sequence. The ATM protein is a single, high-molecular weight protein predominantly confined to the nucleus of human fibroblasts, but is present in both nuclear and microsomal fractions from human lymphoblast cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. ATM protein levels and localization remain constant throughout all stages of the cell cycle. Truncated ATM protein was not detected in lymphoblasts from ataxia-telangiectasia patients homozygous for mutations leading to premature protein termination. Exposure of normal human cells to gamma-irradiation and the radiomimetic drug neocarzinostatin had no effect on ATM protein levels, in contrast to a noted rise in p53 levels over the same time interval. These findings are consistent with a role for the ATM protein in ensuring the fidelity of DNA repair and cell cycle regulation following genome damage.
All-optical log2(N, m, p) networks with wave-mixing frequency translation (2002)

We describe a general construction for space–wavelength log2(FW;m; p) networks
				capable of wave-mixing conversion, including previous designs proposed in the
				literature, where F is the number of fibers and W is the number of wavelengths per
				fiber. In these networks, a lightpath is converted through at most f log2W +min(m;
				log2 W)g cascaded conversions, with O(pF log2 W) converters. Therefore the new
				construction enables the design of rearrangeably and strictly nonblocking
				log2(FW;m;p) wavelength interchanging cross connects, respectively, with O[F log2
				W(FW)1=2=2m=2] and O[F log2 Wf(FW)1=2=2m=2+mg] wave-mixing converters. It also
				provides a trade-off between transmission impairments and converter
				requirements.
Imaging alveolar–capillary gas transfer using hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup> Xe MRI (2006)

Effective pulmonary gas exchange relies on the free diffusion of gases across the thin tissue barrier separating airspace from the capillary red blood cells (RBCs). Pulmonary pathologies, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and edema, which cause an increased blood-gas barrier thickness, impair the efficiency of this exchange. However, definitive assessment of such gas-exchange abnormalities is challenging, because no methods currently exist to directly image the gas transfer process. Here we exploit the solubility and chemical shift of (129)Xe, the magnetic resonance signal of which has been enhanced by 10(5) with hyperpolarization, to differentially image its transfer from the airspaces into the tissue barrier spaces and RBCs in the gas exchange regions of the lung. Based on a simple diffusion model, we estimate that this MR imaging method for measuring (129)Xe alveolar-capillary transfer is sensitive to changes in blood-gas barrier thickness of approximately 5 microm. We validate the successful separation of tissue barrier and RBC images and show the utility of this method in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis where (129)Xe replenishment of the RBCs is severely impaired in regions of lung injury.
EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS FOR FINGER ECG BIOMETRICS (2012)

Current Electrocardiographic (ECG) signal acquisition methods are generally highly intrusive, as they involve the use of pre-gelled electrodes and cabled sensors placed directly on the person, at the chest or limbs level. Moreover, systems that make use of alternative conductive materials to overcome this issue, only provide heart rate information and not the detailed signal itself. We present a comparison and evaluation of two types of dry electrodes as interface with the skin, targeting wearable and low intrusiveness applications, which enable ECG measurement without the need for any apparatus permanently fitted to the individual. In particular, our approach is targeted at ECG biometrics using signals collected at the hand or finger level. A custom differential circuit with virtual ground was also developed for enhanced usability. Our work builds upon the current stateof-the-art in sensoring devices and processing tools, and enables novel data acquisition settings through the use of dry electrodes. Experimental evaluation was performed for Ag/AgCl and Electrolycra materials, and results show that both materials exhibit adequate performance for the intended application.
A Computational Model of Peripheral Photocoagulation for the Prevention of Progressive Diabetic Capillary Occlusion (2016)

We developed a computational model of the propagation of retinal ischemia in diabetic retinopathy and analyzed the consequences of various patterns and sizes of burns in peripheral retinal photocoagulation. The model addresses retinal ischemia as a phenomenon of adverse local feedback in which once a capillary is occluded there is an elevated probability of occlusion of adjacent capillaries resulting in enlarging areas of retinal ischemia as is commonly seen clinically. Retinal burns of different sizes and patterns, treated as local oxygen sources, are predicted to have different effects on the propagation of retinal ischemia. The patterns of retinal burns are optimized with regard to minimization of the sum of the photocoagulated retina and computer predicted ischemic retina. Our simulations show that certain patterns of retinal burns are effective at preventing the spatial spread of ischemia by creating oxygenated boundaries across which the ischemia does not propagate. This model makes no statement about current PRP treatment of avascular peripheral retina and notes that the usual spot sizes used in PRP will not prevent ischemic propagation in still vascularized retinal areas. The model seems to show that a properly patterned laser treatment of still vascularized peripheral retina may be able to prevent or at least constrain the propagation of diabetic retinal ischemia in those retinal areas with intact capillaries.
iProbe: A lightweight user-level dynamic instrumentation tool (2013)

We introduce a new hybrid instrumentation tool for dynamic application instrumentation called iProbe, which is flexible and has low overhead. iProbe takes a novel 2-stage design, and offloads much of the dynamic instrumentation complexity to an offline compilation stage. It leverages standard compiler flags to introduce “place-holders” for hooks in the program executable. Then it utilizes an efficient user-space “HotPatching” mechanism which modifies the functions to be traced and enables execution of instrumented code in a safe and secure manner. In its evaluation on a micro-benchmark and SPEC CPU2006 benchmark applications, the iProbe prototype achieved the instrumentation overhead an order of magnitude lower than existing state-of-the-art dynamic instrumentation tools like SystemTap and DynInst.
An efficient key scheme for layered access control of MPEG-4 FGS video (2005)

The recently proposed scalable multi-layer FGS (fine granularity scalability) encryption (SMLFE) encrypts an MPEG-4 FGS stream into multiple PSNR and bitrate quality layers for layered access control. Both layer types are supported simultaneously. A simple key scheme was used in SMLFE. We propose a novel key scheme for SMLFE that reduces the number of keys maintained and managed by a license server for each protected MPEG-4 FGS stream to two. The new key scheme needs only one key contained in a license to be sent to a consumer. This scheme is based on a cryptographic secure hash function and the Diffie-Hellman key agreement. It satisfies all the requirements of SMLFE and can be used to replace the original simple key scheme for SMLFE. The secure one-way hash and intractability of the Diffie-Hellman and the related problems of computing discrete logarithms ensure the security of the new key scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′,3′‐Dideoxyuridine via Deoxygenation of 2′,3′‐O‐(Methoxymethylene)uridine. (1989)

Abstract Uridine (I) and trimethyl orthoformate (II) produce the cyclic ortho ester (III) which reacts with acetic anhydride (IV) to give the O‐acetyl‐O‐methoxymethyleneuridine (V).
Equitable bandwidth allocation in content distribution networks (2010)

Abstract Applications for content distribution over networks, such as Video‐on‐Demand (VOD), are expected to grow significantly over time. Effective bandwidth allocation schemes that can be repeatedly executed must be deployed since new programs are often installed at various servers while other are deleted. We present a model for bandwidth allocation in a content distribution network that consists of multiple trees, where the root of each tree has a server that broadcasts multiple programs throughout the tree. Each network link has limited capacity and may be used by one or more of these trees. The model is formulated as an equitable resource allocation problem with a lexicographic maximin objective function that attempts to provide equitable service performance for all requested programs at the various nodes. The constraints include link capacity constraints and tree‐like ordering constraints imposed on each of the programs. We present an algorithm that provides an equitable solution in polynomial time for certain performance functions. At each iteration, the algorithm solves single‐link maximin optimization problems while relaxing the ordering constraints. The algorithm selects a bottleneck link, fixes various variables at their lexicographic optimal solution while enforcing the ordering constraints, and proceeds with the next iteration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010
Magnetic pulse generation for high-speed magneto-optic switching (2011)

In this article, the magnetic pulse characteristics needed to achieve high-speed magneto-optic (MO) switching are investigated. A fiber-based, MO, low-voltage optical switch capable of 200 ns switching is presented, along with the special circuit characteristics for magnetic field generation for high-speed switching. The switch consists of the optical system, the MO material (bismuth substituted iron garnet [(Bi1.1Tb1.9)(Fe4.25Ga0.75)O12]), and a high-speed magnetic field driving circuit. A Faraday rotator is placed within the interferometric loop of a fiber-optic Sagnac interferometer, and interference at the output ports is controlled by the applied field. The fast switching speed is accomplished via the special design of the magnetic pulse generation circuitry. The applied magnetic field overshoots the field necessary to achieve the desired Faraday rotation and then settles to a steady state field. If the duration of the overshoot is less than the time it takes the material to saturate, a fast optical switching time can be achieved without saturating the material. The effects of the overshoot amplitude and duration and steady-state amplitude on optical rise time (determined by domain wall velocity) are studied and experimental results are presented.
17beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 3 Inhibitors for theTreatment of Androgen Dependent Diseases (2003)

The title compds. [I; R1, R2 = (un)substituted (hetero)aryl,
(hetero)arylakyl; R3 = H, OH, alkoxy, alkyl, provided that when
X = N, R3 is not OH or alkoxy; R4, R5, R7, R8 = H, OH, alkyl,
etc.; R6 = COR15, SO2R15; R9, R10 = H, F, CF3, etc.; R15 =
alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, etc.; X, Z = C, N] which are useful as
inhibitors of Type 3 17.beta.-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,
were prepd. Thus, treating the amine II.2HCl [X = H]
(multi-step synthesis given) with TMSNCO in the presence of TEA
in CH2Cl2 afforded 61% II [X = CONH2]. Compds. I have a range
of 17.beta.-hydrosteroid dehydrogenase type 3 binding activity
from about 0.005 nM to about > 100 nM.
Dealumination of Zeolite β via Dicarboxylic Acid Treatment (1996)

It is demonstrated that zeolite β and zeolite β containing catalysts can be dealuminated to very low acidity levels using a novel oxalic acid treatment without reducing zeolite integrity. The effect of the oxalic acid treatment has been studied over a wide range of treatment conditions for both silica-bound and unbound zeolite β catalysts. Greater than 90% dealumination is observed with a concomitant reduction in n-hexane-cracking activity as measured by the alpha (α) test. Removal of framework aluminum occurs via a two-step hydrolysis/chelation mechanism, with the oxalic acid acting both as an acid and as a chelating agent. Framework aluminum removal is accompanied by the formation of internal silanol groups. Water soluble aluminum oxalates are present in the extracted solutions. Silanol groups are annealed with extended oxalic acid treatment. Oxalic acid treatment results in a unique contraction of the zeolite β lattice structure not observed for mineral acid treated or steamed zeolite β catalysts.
Molecular cloning of an orphan transporter A new member of the neurotransmitter transporter family (1995)

A complementary DNA clone predicted to encode a novel transporter was isolated from rat brain and the localization of its mRNA was examined. The cDNA, designated rB21a, predicts a protein with 12 putative transmembrane domains that exhibits significant sequence homology with neurotransmitter transporters. Expression studies have not yet identified the endogenous substrate for this transporter, but the presence of rB21a mRNA within the leptomeninges of the brain suggests the transporter may regulate CSF levels of its substrate. The cloning of rB21a provides the means to determine its physiological functions and the potential to design novel, transporter-based therapeutic agents for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Array-based comparative genomic hybridization in clinical diagnosis (2005)

The sequencing of the human genome and development of high-throughput microarray technologies have enhanced the detection of copy number alterations in cancer research and the study of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) has integrated molecular and traditional cytogenetics and has begun to impact the clinician's approach to medical genetics. Clinical applications of array CGH may define new genetic syndromes, expand the phenotype of existing syndromes and characterize a genomic signature of some cancers. As array CGH becomes the initial diagnostic approach for the investigation of constitutional and acquired chromosomal abnormalities, the combination of bioinformatics, robotics and microarray technology will set the stage for a new generation of high-resolution and high-throughput tools for genetic analysis, diagnosis and gene discovery.
Silo: exploiting JavaScript and DOM storage for faster page loads (2010)

A modern web page contains many objects, and fetching these objects requires many network round trips— establishing each HTTP connection requires a TCP handshake, and each HTTP request/response pair requires at least one round trip. To decrease a page’s load time, designers try to minimize the number of HTTP requests needed to fetch the constituent objects. A common strategy is to inline the page’s JavaScript and CSS files instead of using external links (and thus separate HTTP fetches). Unfortunately, browsers only cache externally named objects, so inlining trades fewer HTTP requests now for greater bandwidth consumption later if a user revisits a page and must refetch uncacheable files. Our new system, called Silo, leverages JavaScript and DOM storage to reduce both the number of HTTP requests and the bandwidth required to construct a page. DOM storage allows a web page to maintain a key-value database on a client machine. A Silo-enabled page uses this local storage as an LBFS-style chunkstore. When a browser requests a Silo-enabled page, the server returns a small JavaScript shim which sends the ids of locally available chunks to the server. The server responds with a list of the chunks in the inlined page, and the raw data for chunks missing on the client. Like standard inlining, Silo reduces the number of HTTP requests; however, it facilitates finer-grained caching, since each chunk corresponds to a small piece of JavaScript or CSS. The clientside portion of Silo is written in standard JavaScript, so it runs on unmodified browsers and does not require users to install special plugins. 1
The Use of Increased Wheel Flexibility to Improve Chatter Performance in Grinding (1982)

The metal removal rates attainable during grinding may often be limited by the onset of an unstable vibration, commonly called regenerative chatter. Chatter is a self-induced vibration which leads to increased power consumption, a poor, generally unacceptable, ***workpiece surface finish, uneven wear of the grinding wheel and, in some cases, actual damage to the wheel. It is known that chatter is more likely to occur when the grinding wheel is hard and for this reason chatter often develops when grinding with diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheels, whose chief characteristic is that they are very hard-wearing. This paper describes the development of a technique for suppressing chatter which is particularly applicable to the use of diamond and CBN wheels. It has been predicted theoretically and confirmed by experiment that chatter may be suppressed, or even eliminated, by increasing the radial flexibility of a grinding wheel, whilst at the same time maintaining high values of the wheel's natural frequency and damping. It has been shown that the increased flexibility may be achieved by mounting the abrasive rim of the wheel via a flexible coupling, or by manufacturing a wheel by conventional means but with a flexible hub material. Both techniques are successful and diamond and CBN wheels, manufactured to these designs, have performed substantially better than conventional ultra-hard abrasive wheels currently marketed. It is considered that the problem of chatter when using diamond or CBN wheels has been solved. Since this problem has represented one of the major obstacles to the acceptance of CBN wheels by industry, it is anticipated that these wheels will now enjoy a much more widespread usage.
Colored Radiative Cooler under Optical Tamm Resonance (2019)

We propose a colored radiative cooler assisted by optical Tamm resonance, which features the high-performance cooling effect and high-purity subtractive primary colors (CMY) simultaneously. By developing the design method and evaluation methodology for the colored radiative cooler, we accurately balance the conflict between the cooling effect and the color displaying. Compared with our designed conventional radiative cooler, the thermal emissivity of the colored radiative cooler in the atmospheric transparent window is remarkably enhanced after introducing the desired colors; moreover, only a steady-state temperature of ∼30% is sacrificed to enable the color displaying. Our results demonstrate that the cooling power densities of the radiative coolers with three subtractive primary colors at ambient temperature can reach about 44–52 W/m2, with their temperatures being reduced by 5–6 °C when hc = 6 W/m2/K. In addition, we also numerically analyze the angular performance and the effect of environmental situations on the cooling performance. The proposed colored radiative coolers show the potential applications in the temperature-sensitive electronic/optoelectronic devices and personal thermal management fields.
Overall survival and competing risks of death in patients with <scp>W</scp>aldenström macroglobulinaemia: an analysis of the<scp>S</scp>urveillance,<scp>E</scp>pidemiology and<scp>E</scp>nd<scp>R</scp>esults database (2014)

Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a rare and incurable lymphoma. Given that the survival of WM patients can be prolonged, our objective was to describe trends in overall survival (OS) and analyse competing risks of death in patients with WM. The analysis included 5784 patients diagnosed with WM between 1991 and 2010 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Multivariate hazard models for OS and cumulative incidence of death were fitted according to epoch of diagnosis (1991-2000 vs. 2001-10) while adjusting for age, sex, race, histology, site of involvement and registry. Median OS for the 1991-2000 and the 2001-10 cohorts was 6 and 8 years, respectively (P < 0·001). In the multivariate analysis, better OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0·73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·67-0·79; P < 0·001] was seen in the 2001-10 cohort. Survival benefits were identified, for the 2001-10 cohort, in almost every stratum analysed, with the exception of patients aged <50 years and blacks. In the multivariate competing-risk analysis, the 2001-10 cohort experienced lower rates of WM-related (HR 0·57, 95% CI 0·49-0·66; P < 0·001) and non-WM-related deaths (HR 0·72, 95% CI 0·66-0·79; P < 0·001). In conclusion, there have been significant improvements in OS, WM-related and non-WM-related mortality in patients with WM diagnosed in the last decade.
An Electrically Small, Vertically Polarized Ultrawideband Antenna With Monopole-Like Radiation Characteristics (2014)

We present an electrically small, low-profile, ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with monopole-like radiation characteristics. The antenna is composed of a monopole bow-tie antenna reactively loaded with a cascaded system of top hats, two shorting arms, and a ring slot cut into the ground plane. The reactive loads are used to introduce two additional resonances close to each other and below the lowest resonant frequency of the bow-tie. This results in a very compact, ultrawideband antenna that utilizes the available volume inside the Chu's sphere rather efficiently. At the lowest frequency of operation, the proposed antenna has electrical dimensions of 0.085λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ×0.189λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> ×0.189λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> , where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> is the free-space wavelength. The antenna demonstrates a VSWR of 2.2:1 and consistent monopole-like, omnidirectional radiation patterns over a 5.5:1 bandwidth. A prototype of the antenna, which operates in the 0.6-3.2-GHz band, is fabricated and characterized using a multiprobe spherical near-field system.