gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Novel Surface Proteins in <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i> and <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> (2002)

We have identified and sequenced the genes encoding the aggregation-promoting factor (APF) protein from six different strains of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus gasseri. Both species harbor two apf genes, apf1 and apf2, which are in the same orientation and encode proteins of 257 to 326 amino acids. Multiple alignments of the deduced amino acid sequences of these apf genes demonstrate a very strong sequence conservation of all of the genes with the exception of their central regions. Northern blot analysis showed that both genes are transcribed, reaching their maximum expression during the exponential phase. Primer extension analysis revealed that apf1 and apf2 harbor a putative promoter sequence that is conserved in all of the genes. Western blot analysis of the LiCl cell extracts showed that APF proteins are located on the cell surface. Intact cells of L. johnsonii revealed the typical cell wall architecture of S-layer-carrying gram-positive eubacteria, which could be selectively removed with LiCl treatment. In addition, the amino acid composition, physical properties, and genetic organization were found to be quite similar to those of S-layer proteins. These results suggest that APF is a novel surface protein of the Lactobacillus acidophilus B-homology group which might belong to an S-layer-like family.
Heat sealing of semicrystalline polymer films. I. Calculation and measurement of interfacial temperatures: Effect of process variables on seal properties (1994)

Abstract A finite element analysis (FEA) modeling technique was used to predict the interfacial temperature as a function of time during the sealing of semicrystalline polymer films. An experimental technique using micro‐thermocouples to measure rapidly changing interfacial temperatures during sealing was also developed. Agreement between predicted interfacial temperature profiles and measured values for polyethylene films was good except at temperatures substantially above the final melting point of the polymer. This deviation is caused by film‐thickness changes occurring during sealing that are not taken into account in the calculations. The effect of heat‐sealing process variables (seal bar temperature, dwell time, and pressure) on seal properties (seal strength, seal elongation, and seal energy) of polyethylene films has also been quantitatively determined. Seal properties are determined primarily by the maximum temperature achieved at the interface during heat sealing. Dwell time must be sufficiently long to bring the interfacial temperature to a desired level, but longer times at a given interfacial temperature do not improve seal properties at the conditions of our experiments. A slight pressure is helpful in bringing two microscopically uneven film surfaces into intimate contact, but higher pressure has no beneficial influence on seal properties. However, increased pressures and dwell times at temperatures above the final melting point of the polymer are detrimental to seal appearance due to material deformation in the sealing area. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bottom–Up Visual Saliency Estimation With Deep Autoencoder-Based Sparse Reconstruction (2016)

Research on visual perception indicates that the human visual system is sensitive to center-surround (C-S) contrast in the bottom-up saliency-driven attention process. Different from the traditional contrast computation of feature difference, models based on reconstruction have emerged to estimate saliency by starting from original images themselves instead of seeking for certain ad hoc features. However, in the existing reconstruction-based methods, the reconstruction parameters of each area are calculated independently without taking their global correlation into account. In this paper, inspired by the powerful feature learning and data reconstruction ability of deep autoencoders, we construct a deep C-S inference network and train it with the data sampled randomly from the entire image to obtain a unified reconstruction pattern for the current image. In this way, global competition in sampling and learning processes can be integrated into the nonlocal reconstruction and saliency estimation of each pixel, which can achieve better detection results than the models with separate consideration on local and global rarity. Moreover, by learning from the current scene, the proposed model can achieve the feature extraction and interaction simultaneously in an adaptive way, which can form a better generalization ability to handle more types of stimuli. Experimental results show that in accordance with different inputs, the network can learn distinct basic features for saliency modeling in its code layer. Furthermore, in a comprehensive evaluation on several benchmark data sets, the proposed method can outperform the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Natural Regulatory T Cells and De Novo-Induced Regulatory T Cells Contribute Independently to Tumor-Specific Tolerance (2007)

Thymus-derived, naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (nTregs) and Tregs induced in the periphery (iTregs) have both been implicated in regulating immune responses. However, the relationship between these populations in the same host, and their relative contribution to the overall Treg pool, has not been examined. Using a tumor-induced T cell tolerance model, we find that expansion of nTregs and de novo generation of iTregs both contribute to tumor-specific T cell tolerance. In this system in which the number of tumor-specific nTregs can be controlled, the efficiency of nTreg expansion significantly exceeds that of the induction of Tregs from uncommitted progenitors in the tumor-bearing host. However, pre-existing nTregs are neither required for the induction of Tregs nor measurably impact on the extent of their accumulation. Instead, induction of Ag-specific regulatory cells from naive cells is intrinsically influenced by the tumor microenvironment and the presence of tumor Ag.
A water soluble methanofullerene derivative: synthesis, micellar aggregation in aqueous solutions, and incorporation in sol–gel glasses for optical limiting applications (2000)

Amphiphilic methanofullerene derivative 1 is water soluble and micellar aggregation has been evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering measurements and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Thanks to the high solubility of 1 in polar solvents widely used in sol–gel processing, successful inclusion of 1 in the sol–gel could be easily achieved. The optical limiting properties of the doped sol–gel samples have been evaluated and a fast S1–S0 relaxation has been observed for these samples. This observation appears to be consistent with the presence of micellar aggregates of 1 in the sol–gel. Indeed, the interactions between the fullerene spheres of neighbouring molecules in the clusters may be at the origin of this fast S1–S0 relaxation as already shown in solid C60-films.
특집 : 2011년도 검정통과 일본 역사교과서의 문제점 ; 총론-2011년도 일본 중학교 역사교과서 검정의 특징과 문제점 (2011)

I pointed out the followings as the problems of Japanese history textbook that passed 2011 screening. Firstly, the content that denies Dokdo as Korean territory became to be described in the history textbook. Describing the contents that assert Dokdo, clearly inherent Korean territory, as Japanese territory in the textbook violates the territorial sovereignty of Korea. Secondly, it describes premodern East-Asian history of relation based on the colonial view of history. Especially, the part that emphasized the heteronomy of Korean history has not been improved, or even worsened, which is very unfortunate. Thirdly, justifying the invasion into Korea and rationalizing colonial rule. Fourthly, beautification of aggressive war and covering up war crimes. Fifthly, ignoring Neighboring Country Clause, which had been guaranteed by Japanese government itself. Sixthly, emphasis on patriotism, local patriotism and traditional culture. This trend of description was probably influenced by Japanese School Education Law and Curriculum guidelines.
Effective Tcl/Tk Programming: Writing Better Programs with Tcl and Tk (1997)

Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1: Building Tcl/Tk Applications Application-building process * A small application * Designing the application * Designing the screen * Prototyping the screen * Library analysis * Adding behavior to the program * Adding finishing touches * Testing the program * Packaging the program Chapter 2: Packing, Gridding, and Placing Windows Using the pack command * Cavity-based model * Packing options * Packing order * Hierarchical packing * Compressing windows * Enlarging windows * Unpacking widgets * Using the grid command * Grid-based model * Gridding options * Resizing windows * Mixing grid and pack * Using the place command * Coordinate-based model * Custom geometry managers Chapter 3: Handling Events The event loop * Keyboard focus * Forcing updates * Handling long-running bindings * Execution scope * Quoting and the event loop * Simple examples using bind * Selecting an item from a listbox * Automatic button help * Class bindings * Syntax of the bind command * The event specification * Percent substitutions * More complex events * Click, drag, drop * Customizing widget behavior * Binding tags * Default binding tags * Using break to interrupt event processing * Inventing binding tags for groups of bindings * Binding to a toplevel widget * Debugging bindings * Displaying bindings * Monitoring events * Animation * Animating items on a canvas * Debugging after events * Library procedures for animation Chapter 4: Using the Canvas Widget Understanding the canvas widget * Scrolling * Display list model * Using tags * Canvas bindings * Scrollable form * Progress gauge * HSB color editor * Tabbed notebook * Calendar * Handling size changes * Sensors and callbacks * Monitoring variables * Simple drawing package * Drawing items * Selecting items * Moving and deleting items * Configuring items * Resizing items * Entering text * Printing a drawing * Saving a drawing * Loading a drawing Chapter 5: Using the Text Widget Understanding the text widget * Indexing model * Scrolling * Using tags * Text bindings * Using marks * Wrap modes * Tab stops * Simple text editor * Read-only text display * Appointment editor * Using tags to apply styles * Embedded windows * Changing text bindings * Retrieving appointments * Hierarchical browser * Hierarchical data * Creating the hierarchical browser * Using tags and marks Chapter 6: Top-level Windows Toplevel widgets * Setting the widget class * Communicating with the window manager * Window placement * Window size * Simple dialogs * Modal dialogs * Controlling access to dialogs * Create/destroy strategy * Help from the window manager * Show/hide strategy * Unmanaged windows * Introductory placard * Balloon help Chapter 7: Interacting with Other Programs Executing other programs * Execution pipelines * Building commands and handling errors * Collecting output from long-running programs * Driving other programs without temporary files * Working aroun
Activities of Alkoxyalkyl Esters of Cidofovir (CDV), Cyclic CDV, and ( <i>S</i> )-9-(3-Hydroxy-2-Phosphonylmethoxypropyl)Adenine against Orthopoxviruses in Cell Monolayers and in Organotypic Cultures (2006)

The potencies of several alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against vaccinia virus and cowpox virus were evaluated in cell monolayers and three-dimensional epithelial raft cultures. Prodrugs were at least 20-fold more active than their parent compounds. Octadecycloxyethyl-(S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine emerged as the most potent derivative.
GNSS Over-the-Air Testing Using Wave Field Synthesis (2013)

This paper presents an over-the-air (OTA) wave ﬁeld synthesis (WFS) system for test and certification of GNSS receivers. We discuss its application with respect to jammers, spoofers and classified signals and compare it to the state-of-the-art in GNSS receiver testing. Having outlined the OTA WFS system architecture, different test cases are described. We verify the emulated OTA environment on one selected test case in an experiment emulating a realistic GNSS signal and artificial jammers, while employing a 2x2 GNSS array antenna with a 4 channel receiver as device under test. The results in terms of direction of arrival estimation and jammer mitigation are ﬁnally presented to proof the concept and feasibility of the multi-directional over-the-air testbed. Moreover these results show the need for accurate jammer propagation modelling.
Peripheral blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells reflect disease status in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2016)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibroproliferative disease with irreversible lung function loss and poor survival. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are associated with poor prognosis in cancer, facilitating immune evasion. The abundance and function of MDSC in IPF is currently unknown. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was performed in 170 patients (IPF: n=69; non-IPF interstitial lung disease (ILD): n=56; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): n=23; healthy controls: n=22) to quantify blood MDSC and lymphocyte subtypes. MDSC abundance was correlated with lung function, MDSC localisation was performed by immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA levels were analysed by qRT-PCR. We detected increased MDSC in IPF and non-IPF ILD compared with controls (30.99±15.61% versus 18.96±8.17%, p≤0.01). Circulating MDSC inversely correlated with maximum vital capacity (r= −0.48, p≤0.0001) in IPF, but not in COPD or non-IPF ILD. MDSC suppressed autologous T-cells. The mRNA levels of co-stimulatory T-cell signals were significantly downregulated in IPF PBMC. Importantly, CD33 + CD11b + cells, suggestive of MDSC, were detected in fibrotic niches of IPF lungs. We identified increased MDSC in IPF and non-IPF ILD, suggesting that elevated MDSC may cause a blunted immune response. MDSC inversely correlate with lung function only in IPF, identifying them as potent biomarkers for disease progression. Controlling expansion and accumulation of MDSC, or blocking their T-cell suppression, represents a promising therapy in IPF.
Nitric Oxide and Cancer: The Emerging Role of S-Nitrosylation (2011)

Nitric oxide (NO˙) is a short-lived, endogenously produced gas that is highly diffusible across cell membranes and acts as a signaling molecule in the body. The redox state and chemistry of NO˙ facilitate its interaction with various proteins thus regulating various intracellular and intercellular events. One of the key mechanisms by which NO˙ regulates the function of various target proteins is through the coupling of a nitroso moiety from NO-derived metabolites to a reactive cysteine leading to the formation of a S-nitrosothiol (SNO), a process commonly known as S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation signaling events within the cell have led to the discovery of many other physiological functions of NO˙ in many other types of cells including cancer cells. Only recently are the diverse roles of S-nitrosylation in cancer beginning to be understood. In the present review we discuss the recent evidence for the diverse roles of NO˙/SNO-related mechanisms in cancer biology and therapy, including the participation of NO˙ in the pathogenesis of cancer, its duality in protecting against or inducing cancer cell death and the contribution of NO˙ to metastatic processes. In addition, NO˙ can be therapeutically used in the reversal of tumor cell resistance to cytotoxic drugs and as a sensitizing agent to chemo- and radiotherapy. Finally, recent studies providing evidence for NO-related mechanisms of epigenetic gene expression regulation will also be discussed. Undoubtedly, new exciting results will contribute to this rapidly expanding area of cancer research.
Polymerization of diphenylacetylenes having very bulky silyl groups and polymer properties (1998)

Polymerization and polymer properties of 1-phenyl-2-[4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene (pPh3SiDPA) and 1-phenyl-2-[4-(triisopropylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene (piPr3SiDPA), which have very bulky silyl groups, were examined. These monomers polymerized in good yields in the presence of TaCl5-based catalysts. The highest weight-average molecular weights of poly(pPh3SiDPA) and poly(piPr3SiDPA) reached about 1 × 106 and 4.8 × 106, respectively. The polymers were yellow to orange-colored solids which were soluble in toluene, chloroform, etc., and provided free-standing films by solution casting. The onset temperatures of weight loss of poly(pPh3SiDPA) and poly(piPr3SiDPA) in TGA in air were 430 and 270°C, respectively. The oxygen permeability coefficients of poly(pPh3SiDPA) and poly(piPr3SiDPA) at 25°C were 3.8 and 20 barrers, respectively, and relatively small. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 2721–2725, 1998
Promotion of the High-Quality Development of Data Element Markets by Competition Law (2021)

At present, Chinese data element market construction has entered a period of rapid development, which has become an important part of promoting the development of socialist market economy and deepening the reform of factor marketization. Competition mechanism is one of the basic mechanisms of market economy. The realization of the core connotation of high-quality development of data element markets needs the promotion of competition mechanism. However, there are problems in the operation of China’s data element markets at present in enterprise （operator） behavior, market structure and state （government） intervention: Firstly, the new unfair competition and monopoly behavior of enterprises in data element markets have an impact on the market competition order; secondly, the construction of regional data trading platform has the possibility of cutting off the regional market; thirdly, the government’s improper intervention in data element markets is likely to breed administrative monopoly. Therefore, how to maintain the competition order of data element markets according to its own characteristics, and then realize the scientific and efficient data circulation, has become an urgent problem to be solved. Therefore, we should solve the problems in three aspects, and promote the establishment of benign competition ecosystem of data element markets: Firstly, for the new types of unfair competition and monopoly behavior in data element markets, we should promote the identification standard of unfair competition behavior, the relevant market definition of monopoly behavior and the improvement of anti-competitive effect evaluation system, so as to build a dynamic, flexible and efficient system of competition law; secondly, we should speed up the construction of domestic unified data element markets, break the regional market barriers, and promote the construction of national data element markets, so as to realize the cross regional flow of data; thirdly, for the problem of administrative monopoly in the process of data element market construction, we should strengthen the standardization of government administrative behavior, implement the fair competition review system, improve or abolish the policies that have a negative impact on competition, accelerate the promotion of government data opening, and improve the quantity and quality of government data opening, so as to avoid the improper interference of administrative power from damaging the competition mechanism. Through the solution of the three problems, we should coordinate the interests of various parties and balance the needs of multiple values, create a scientific and reasonable competition order in data element markets, promote the effective competition , and create a data element markets.
Cross-lingual query classification (2008)

The non-English Web is growing at breakneck speed, but available language processing tools are mostly English based. Taxonomies are a case in point: while there are plenty of commercial and non-commercial taxonomies for the English Web, taxonomies for other languages are either not available or of very limited quality. Given that building taxonomies in all non-English languages is prohibitively expensive, it is natural to ask whether existing English taxonomies can be leveraged, possibly via machine translation, to enable information processing tasks in other languages. Preliminary results presented in this paper indicate that the answer is affirmative with respect to query classification, a task which is essential both for understanding the user intent and thus provide better search results, and for better targeting of search-based advertising, the economic underpinning of commercial Web search engines. We propose a robust method for classifying non-English queries against an English taxonomy and classifier using widely available, off-the-shelf machine translation systems. In particular, we show that by viewing the search results in the query's original language as independent sources of information, we can alleviate the impact of poor quality or erroneous machine translations. Empirical results for Chinese queries show that we achieve remarkably encouraging results.
Flavonifractor (Eubacterium) plautii bloodstream infection following acute cholecystitis (2018)

<i>Flavonifractor plautii</i> (formerly <i>Eubacterium plautii</i>) is an anaerobic gram positive rod shaped bacterium belonging to the family of <i>Clostridiales,</i> and a common member of the human gut microbiome. However, it is very rarely isolated from clinical human specimens, so data about its clinical significance are scarce. Here we report of a bloodstream infection due to <i>F. plautii</i> following gangrenous cholecystitis in a 69 year old man. After cholecystectomy and empirical antimicrobial treatment with ceftriaxone and metronidazole the patient recovered. <i>F. plautii</i> was the only bacterium detected in blood culture, suggesting that it might have been causative for cholecystitis. Antimicrobial resistance testing identified decreased susceptibilities against linezolid and penicillin indicating that a targeted therapy might be necessary. <i>F. plautii</i> can be considered a potential pathogen for cholecystitis.
SPOTOS: A Safe Point Detector for Online Patching Commodity OS (2010)

For high availability systems, it is desirable to fix discovered operating system security holes and other bugs, and do performance improvements without rebooting. However, the way that commodity operating systems are implemented sometimes makes online patching rather difficult, especially when the code to be updated is frequently used by the kernel. For commodity OS, hot update may have to be aborted due to not finding a safe point, even if there do exist occasions that those codes are not in use. After analyzing the difficulties faced when detecting a commodity OS' quiescent state, this article proposes using reference counting copy to dynamically monitor the code execution status, which can trigger the online patching whenever safe point is reached. In principle, the proposed approach is applicable to all the legacy operating systems that support dynamically loading kernel modules, while minor changes will improve the performance and decrease implementation complexity. Based on Ksplice, a working prototype, SPOTOS, is implemented on Linux 2.6. SPOTOS has the advantage of dynamically monitoring the execution status of all the functions that are to be updated. Experiments on network communication are conducted, and the results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.