gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Infection with a Virulent Pneumoenteric Isolate of Bovine Coronavirus (1991)

Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is 1 of the important causes of scours in young calves. Although the role of BCV in respiratory tract infections has not been clearly defined, there is increasing evidence that it causes upper respiratory tract infection in addition to the intestinal disease. Focal involvement of lungs was recently reported in 2 of 16 calves experimentally infected with BCV, but the sequence of events including clinical signs has not been clearly described for pneumotropic BCV. The present report describes a consistent, diffuse lung involvement in calves experimentally infected with a field isolate of BCV. The details of the experimental design have been described. Briefly, newborn, colostrum-deprived, unvaccinated calves were infected orally at 5 days of age with either a virulent pneumoenteric isolate of BCV (Minnesota isolate, calves 2, 6, and 7) or with an attenuated strain of BCV (Mebus strain, calves 1 and 9). The virus suspension was fed slowly to the calves with a 20-ml syringe. Although direct inoculation of the virus into the nasal cavity was unlikely, it was not possible to control the carryover of virus to the nasal cavity via insertion of the tongue into the nostril. Four calves (calves 3, 4, 5, and 8), housed in separate rooms were included as uninfected controls. One of the uninfected controls (calf 3) developed a natural infection with BCV. Nasal cells were collected by inserting cotton swabs into the anterior nasal cavity of the calves. The swabs were rotated gently to dislodge the cells of the nasal cavity. Sufficient number of cells were collected without difficulty. The swabs were placed in Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) and immediately transported to the laboratory where they were vortexed for 1 minute to separate nasal cells from the swab and the mucus. The swab was removed from the tube and the resulting suspension was centrifuged at 650 x g for 5 minutes. The pellet (approx. 0.05 ml packed cells) was mixed with equal volume of HBSS and vortexed again. The cell suspension was placed on 8-well slides with 30 μ1/well and allowed to dry at room temperature. The slides were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, dried, and then fixed in acetone for 10 minutes. After drying again, the wells were covered with a drop of FITC-labeled bovine anti-BCV conjugate and incubated in a humid chamber for 1 hour. The conjugate was found to be specific for bovine coronavirus and did not react with uninfected Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells or with uninfected tissues from control calves (gut and lungs). The slides were washed with PBS (pH 8.5) and counterstained with Evan’s blue. The calves were kept under strict quarantine and were
Periodic-Zone Model Predictive Control for Diurnal Closed-Loop Operation of an Artificial Pancreas (2013)

The proposed PZMPC algorithm strategically prevents nocturnal hypoglycemia and is considered a significant step toward deploying APs into outpatient environments for extended periods of time in full closed-loop operation.
Effect of P-450scc inhibitors on corticosterone production by rat adrenal cells. (1985)

Suspensions of rat adrenocortical cells produce corticosterone as the major glucocorticoid. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage, the initial and rate-limiting step in the glucocorticoid biosynthetic pathway, is catalyzed by P-450scc. We have examined the effect of a variety of P-450scc inhibitors on corticosterone production by isolated rat adrenocortical cells. These inhibitors include reversible, noncovalently interacting inhibitors as well as mechanism-based inhibitors which irreversibly inactivate P-450scc in vitro. (20S)-22-nor-22-thiacholesterol and (22R)-22-aminocholesterol cause 50% inhibition of corticosterone production at 4 microM and 30 nM, respectively. Inhibition by these compounds was essentially not time-dependent. (20R)-20-(1-hexynyl)-pregn-5-en-3 beta, 20-diol and (20R)-20-(1,5-hexdiynyl)-pregn-5-en-3 beta, 20-diol at 10 microM inhibited corticosterone production in a time-dependent manner, resulting in 30% inhibition of corticosterone production during a 100-min incubation. (20S)-20-(2-trimethylsilyl ethyl)-pregn-5-en-3 beta, 20-diol inhibited in a strongly time-dependent manner. At 10 microM this compound irreversibly inhibited more than 90% of the side-chain cleavage capacity of the cell during a 40-min incubation. Cells treated with this steroid did not regain their capacity for side-chain cleavage after removal of free steroid. None of the inhibitors described above inhibited production of corticosterone by cells supplied with pregnenolone, the product of the P-450scc reaction. We suggest that the only significant effect of these compounds under these conditions is inhibition of the side-chain cleavage enzyme.
Real-time Modulation Classification Based On Maximum Likelihood (2008)

This paper describes a likelihood test based modulation classification method for identifying the modulation scheme of a software-defined radio (SDR) in real-time without pilot symbols between transmitters and receivers. Unlike the prior art, the paper converts an unknown signal symbol to an address of the look-up table (LUT), loads the pre-calculated values of the test functions for the likelihood ratio test, and produces the estimated modulation scheme in real-time. The statistical performance of the LUT based classifier is studied. Simulation results are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Wearable ballistocardiography: Preliminary methods for mapping surface vibration measurements to whole body forces (2014)

The recent resurgence of ballistocardiogram (BCG) measurement and interpretation technologies has led to a wide range of powerful tools available for unobtrusively assessing mechanical aspects of cardiovascular health at home. Researchers have demonstrated a multitude of modern BCG measurement modalities, including beds, chairs, weighing scales, and wearable approaches. However, many modalities produce significant variations in the morphology of the measured BCG, creating confusion in the analysis and interpretation of the signals. This paper creates a framework for comparing wearable BCG measurements to whole body measurements--such as taken with a weighing scale system--to eventually allow the same analysis and interpretation tools that have been developed for whole body systems to be applied in the future to wearable systems. To the best of our knowledge, it represents the first attempt to morphologically compare vertical acceleration recordings measured on different locations on the torso to whole body displacements measured by BCG instrumentation.
Robust respiration rate estimation using adaptive Kalman filtering with textile ECG sensor and accelerometer (2016)

An adaptive Kalman filter-based fusion algorithm capable of estimating respiration rate for unobtrusive respiratory monitoring is proposed. Using both signal characteristics and a priori information, the Kalman filter is adaptively optimized to improve accuracy. Furthermore, the system is able to combine the respiration-related signals extracted from a textile ECG sensor and an accelerometer to create a single robust measurement. We measured derived respiratory rates and, when compared to a reference, found root-mean-square error of 2.11 breaths-per-minute (BrPM) while lying down, 2.30 BrPM while sitting, 5.97 BrPM while walking, and 5.98 BrPM while running. These results demonstrate that the proposed system is applicable to unobtrusive monitoring for various applications.
A multiple wavelength algorithm in color image analysis and its applications in stain decomposition in microscopy images (1996)

Stains have been used in optical microscopy to visualize the distribution and intensity of substances to which they are attached. Quantitative measures of optical density in the microscopic images can in principle be used to determine the amount of the stain. When multiple dyes are used to simultaneously visualize several substances to which they are specifically attached, quantification of each stain cannot be made using any single wavelength because attenuation from the several stain components contributes to the total optical density. Although various dyes used as optical stains are perceived as specific colors, they, in fact, have complex attenuation spectra. In this paper, we present a technique for multiple wavelength image acquisition and spectral decomposition based upon the Lambert-Beer absorption law. This algorithm is implemented based on the different spectral properties of the various stain components. By using images captured at N wavelengths, N components with different colors can be separated. This algorithm is applied to microscopy images of doubly and triply labeled prostate tissue sections. Possible applications are discussed.
Asymmetric synthesis of 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptanes: important motifs for modern drug discovery (2019)

Highly diastereoselective addition of ethyl cyclobutanecarboxylate anions to Davis-Ellman's imines is reported. This methodology afforded the preparation of enantiomerically and diastereomerically pure 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[3.3]heptanes. This three-step procedure proceeded efficiently (yield up to 90%) and diastereoselectively (dr values up to 98 : 2). This methodology is applicable to the synthesis of 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[3.4]octane and 1-substituted 2-azaspiro[3.5]nonane.
Antineoplastic Agents 293. The Exceptional Human Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitors Spongistatins 6 and 7 (1993)

Abstract A twenty year investigation of the South African marine sponge Spirastrella spinispirulifera (Carter, 1879) for antineoplastic constituents has now led to discovery of spongistatin 6 (1e) and 7 (2b) in 3.5 × 10−7% and 2.2 × 10−7% yields. Structural elucidations were based on detailed analyses of high field (400 and 500 MHz) 2D-NMR and high resolution mass spectra. Spongistatins 6 and 7 were exceptionally potent against a subset of human cancer cell lines in the NCI screening panel which are characteristically sensitive to cellular microtubule interactive antimitotics. Key Words: Spirastrella spinispirulifera spongistatinNCI human cancer cell linesantineoplastic
IgG FC GLYCOSYLATION CHANGES THROUGH LIFETIME (2013)

IgG Fc glycosylation modulates inflammation and through promotion or suppression of inflammation it may significantly contribute to the process of biological aging. By analysing IgG glycosylation in 5117 individuals from four European populations we have revealed very extensive and complex changes of IgG glycosylation with age. The index composed of only three IgG glycans (FA2B, FA2G2 and FA2BG2) that considerably change with age explained 58% of variance in chronological age. The remaining variance in these glycans strongly correlated with physiological parameters associated with biological age. Thus IgG glycosylation appears to be closely linked with both chronological and biological age. Considering the important role of IgG glycans in inflammation, and since the observed changes with age promote inflammation, changes in IgG glycosylation may actually represent a factor contributing to aging.
Target Track Classification for Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR) (2006)

The aim of this paper is to identify false tracks that arise from weather and biological targets, and to increase the air traffic security and safety level by detecting aircrafts lacking secondary surveillance radar (SSR) data. In this paper a single-source target classification after tracking using support vector machines (SVM) is introduced, which gives each track an updated probability value based on its likelihood behavior to conform to aircraft and non-aircraft targets. We introduce various features and evaluate different combinations in order to achieve the highest clustering index. The experimental classification results with real radar data provide good evidence that machine target classification is viable, with the capability of being implemented in real time.
Signal detection for large MIMO systems using block-iterative generalized decision feedback equalizers (BI-GDFE) (2005)

This paper studies the problem of signal detection for generic MIMO channels with large signal dimensions. We propose a block-iterative generalized decision feedback equalization (BI-GDFE) receiver to recover the transmitted symbols in a block-iterative manner. By exploiting the input-decision correlation (IDC), a measure for the reliability of the earlier-made decisions, we design the feed-forward equalizers (FFEs) and feedback equalizers (FBEs) in such a way that maximized signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is achieved for each iteration. We propose an IDC determination method to achieve fast and guaranteed convergence for the proposed receiver. Computer simulations are presented to illustrate the capability of the proposed receiver to achieve single user matched-filter bound for large MIMO channels with high SNR.
Simplified solid-phase membrane immunobead assay (MIA) with monoclonal anti-ciguatoxin antibody (MAb-CTX) for detection of ciguatoxin and related polyether toxins. (1998)

The development of a simplified and modified procedure for the assessment of ciguatoxin (CTX) and related polyethers from ciguateric contaminated fish tissues is presented in this study. The previous method, stick-enzyme immunoassay (S-EIA) used an organic correction fluid-coated bamboo paddle stick for the solid phase; this new procedure, membrane immunobead assay (MIA), uses a plastic stick with a synthetic membrane laminated onto one end. The membrane is hydrophobic and serves as the solid-phase receptor for the binding of methanol-extracted CTX or its related polyether lipids from fish tissues. Detection of the bound polyether toxin(s) on the membrane is carried out with colored polystyrene beads coated with monoclonal antibody to CTX (MAb-CTX). Intensity of the color on the membrane is proportional to the amount of toxic polyethers on the membrane. The MIA is compared with previous procedures developed for CTX detection (S-EIA and solid-phase immunobead assay, SPIA) using State of Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) implicated ciguateric fishes, and reef fishes from Hawaii and Kwajalein. The data presented show good correlation between the three test systems, especially with ciguatera implicated fish and toxic, routinely assessed fishes in the mouse toxicity (MT) bioassay. Variations between MT results and those of the S-EIA, SPIA, and MIA of routine fishes are generally attributable to diverse toxins present in the fish species examined. The MIA is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection method for CTX and its related polyethers, with no reported false negative results. The test is useful for field and personal use and can be adapted to the laboratory for large-scale screening of potentially ciguateric fishes.
Platelet GPIIb-IIIa: Molecular Variations and Alloantigens (1991)

Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology have made it possible to build upon previous serologic and biochemical studies of glycoproteins IIb and IIIa in important and exciting ways. In addition to providing a detailed basic understanding of the polymorphisms that are responsible for Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, and in other cases for eliciting an alloimmune response, the molecular characterization of platelet membrane glycoprotein polymorphisms is expected to have an increasingly large clinical impact. As the molecular basis of the remaining platelet antigen systems becomes known, our ability to design novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the care and management of patients with PTP and NATP should improve. For Glanzmann's disease, the future holds the promise of gene therapy to correct the platelet abnormality. Establishment of animal models for GT will be an important first step in this direction.
Estradiol-16α-carboxylic Acid Esters as Locally Active Estrogens (2001)

We attempted to design analogues of estradiol to act as locally active estrogens without significant systemic action. We synthesized a series of 16alpha-carboxylic acid substituted steroids and their esters and tested their action in several assays of estrogenic action, including estrogen receptor (ER) binding, estrogenic potency in Ishikawa cells (human endometrial carcinoma), rat uterine weight (systemic action), and mouse vaginal reductases (local action). All of the estradiol substituted carboxylic acids (formic, acetic and propionic acids) were devoid of estrogenic action. To the contrary, many of the esters had marked estrogenic potency in the receptor and the Ishikawa assays. The esters of the 16alpha-formic acid series had the highest ER affinity with little difference between the straight-chain alcohol esters (from methyl to n-butyl). However, estrogenic action in the Ishikawa assay decreased precipitously with esters longer than the ethyl ester. This decrease correlated well with the increased rate of esterase hydrolysis of longer esters as determined in incubations with rat hepatic microsomes. The most promising candidates, the methyl, ethyl, and fluoroethyl esters of the formate series, were tested for systemic and local action in the in vivo models. All three, especially the fluoroethyl ester, showed divergence between systemic and local estrogenic action. These metabolically labile estrogens will be extremely useful for the therapeutic treatment of the vaginal dyspareunia of menopause in women for whom systemic estrogens are contraindicated.
PEG cross-linking bioink method for 3d printing hydrogels of diverse cross-linking chemistries (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
A Procedure for Divorce Settlements (1996)

Adjusted Winner (AW), a dispute-resolution procedure applicable to two-party negotiations over the division of multiple items, is described and applied to divorce cases. AW involves the parties' allocating 100 points over the items to be divided, with a referee or mediator assigning them to each party after an “equitability adjustment,” which may involve splitting or sharing one item. AW can reduce posturing in disputes and lead to a more satisfying outcome for both parties. AW leaves lawyers and mediators with important roles to play in advising their clients on how best to use the procedure.
An interactive system using digital broadcasting and Quick Response code (2011)

This paper presents a novel method of creating synchronized interactive TV applications using Quick Response (QR) code, where QR code is used to tag the broadcasted TV content. The QR code is decoded at the receiver side to communicate with an Internet server for interactivity. The proposed technique can be used for both classical analog TV and digital TV. The method described here can also be applied on presently growing mobile TV and Over-the-Top (OTT) TV. It assumes Internet connectivity on the client. We present interactive TV based distance education as an example of a synchronized application using this system.
Abstract 19307: A Selective Tgfβ Ligand Trap Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension (2016)

Introduction: Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) ligands signal via type I and type II serine-threonine kinase receptors to regulate broad transcriptional programs. Excessive TGFβ-mediated signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), based in part on the ability of broad inhibitors of TGFβ/Activin/GDF/Nodal receptors ALK4/5/7 to attenuate experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). These broad inhibition strategies do not delineate the specific contribution of TGFβ vs. a multitude of other ligands, and their translation is limited by cardiovascular and systemic toxicity. Hypothesis: We tested whether or not TGFBRII-Fc, a selective TGFβ1/3 ligand trap, reverses PH and vascular remodeling in experimental PH models. Methods: Signaling studies utilized cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. PH was studied in monocrotaline-treated Sprague-Dawley rats, SUGEN/hypoxia-treated Sprague-Dawley rats and SUGEN/hypoxia-treated C57BL/6 mice. PH, cardiac function, vas...
Quantitative Trait Loci underlying Resistance to Three Soybean Cyst Nematode Populations in Soybean PI 404198A (2006)

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major pest of soybean [G lycine max (L.) Merr.] in the USA. Soybean plant introduction (PI) 404198A is one of the newly identified sources that can provide a broad spectrum of resistance to SCN. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to SCN races 1, 2, and 5 in PI 404198A. Linkage groups (LGs) G and A2 were found to be associated with resistance to race 1. QTL on LG G was located on the Satt309‐Satt688 region, and it explained a larger proportion of the total variation (20.2%). QTL on LG A2 was located at the Satt424‐Satt632‐Sat_406 region, and it accounted for a smaller proportion (9%). LGs G and B1 were shown to be associated with resistance to race 2. QTL on LG G was located on the Satt688‐Satt309‐Satt163 region, and it explained 12.5% of the total variation. Molecular marker Satt453 on LG B1 was found to be associated with resistance to race 2, and it explained 11% of the total variation. LGs G, B1, and N were found to be associated with resistance to race 5. QTL on LG G was located on the Satt688‐Satt309‐Satt163 region, and it explained 6.3% of the total variation. Molecular marker Satt453 on LG B1 was found to be associated with resistance to race 5, and it explained a larger proportion of the total variation (13%). QTL on LG N was mapped on the Satt584‐Sat_280‐Satt549, and it explained 9.5% of the total variation. In conclusion, soybean PI 404198A may carry rhg1 on LG G, Rhg4 on LG A2, and a QTL on LG B1. Further studies are needed to lend credibility for QTL on LG N.
Amelioration of Obesity and Glucose Intolerance in High-Fat-Fed C57BL/6 Mice by Anthocyanins and Ursolic Acid in Cornelian Cherry (<i>Cornus mas</i>) (2005)

Much attention has been focused on food that may be beneficial in preventing diet-induced body fat accumulation and possibly reduce the risk of diabetes and heart disease. Cornelian cherries (Cornus mas) are used in the preparation of beverages in Europe and also to treat diabetes-related disorders in Asia. In this study, the most abundant bioactive compounds in C. mas fruits, the anthocyanins and ursolic acid, were purified, and their ability to ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet was evaluated. Mice were initially fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and then switched to a high-fat diet containing anthocyanins (1 g/kg of high-fat diet) and ursolic acid (500 mg/kg of high-fat diet) for an additional 8 weeks. The high-fat diet induced glucose intolerance, and this was prevented by anthocyanins and ursolic acid. The anthocyanin-treated mice showed a 24% decrease in weight gain. These mice also showed decreased lipid accumulation in the liver, including a significant decrease in liver triacylglycerol concentration. Anthocyanin and ursolic acid treated mice exhibited extremely elevated insulin levels. Both treatments, however, showed preserved islet architecture and insulin staining. Overall, these data suggest that anthocyanins and ursolic acid purified from C. mas fruits have biological activities that improve certain metabolic parameters associated with diets high in saturated fats and obesity.