gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of the venous pressure to the blood pressure signals measured by the electronic palpation method (2005)

It was shown, that in 52 percent of blood pressure measurements made with an inflating cuff, the linear increase in venous blood pressure was also increasing with palpated signal's amplitude linearly. It was found that the strong increase in venous pressure was not the reason for increased blood pressure amplitudes. The method for determining venous pressure by an electronic method was considered. The electronic palpation method can be used for venous pressure measurement if it is made with an inflating cuff and secondly with a deflating cuff. At the start of the measurements, blood pressure should be monitored in the absence of cuff pressure for determining the venous pressure at rest.
Amine-Linked Flavonoids as Agents against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (2021)

We have designed, synthesized, and characterized a library of 38 novel flavonoid compounds linked with amines. Some of these amine-linked flavonoids have potent <i>in vitro</i> activity against parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis, a tropical disease endemic in 80 countries worldwide. The most promising candidate, <b>FM09h</b>, was highly active with IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.3 μM against <i>L. amazonensis</i>, <i>L. tropica</i> and <i>L. braziliensis</i> amastigotes. It was metabolically stable (39% and 66% of <b>FM09h</b> remaining after 30-minute incubation with human and rat liver microsomes respectively). In <i>L. amazonensis</i> LV78 cutaneous leishmaniasis mouse model, intralesional injection of <b>FM09h</b> (10 mg/kg, once every 4 days for 8 times) demonstrated promising effect in reducing the footpad lesion thickness by 72%, displaying an efficacy comparable to SSG (63%).
Providing safe, user space access to fast, solid state disks (2012)

Emerging fast, non-volatile memories (e.g., phase change memories, spin-torque MRAMs, and the memristor) reduce storage access latencies by an order of magnitude compared to state-of-the-art flash-based SSDs. This improved performance means that software overheads that had little impact on the performance of flash-based systems can present serious bottlenecks in systems that incorporate these new technologies. We describe a novel storage hardware and software architecture that nearly eliminates two sources of this overhead: Entering the kernel and performing file system permission checks. The new architecture provides a private, virtualized interface for each process and moves file system protection checks into hardware. As a result, applications can access file data without operating system intervention, eliminating OS and file system costs entirely for most accesses. We describe the support the system provides for fast permission checks in hardware, our approach to notifying applications when requests complete, and the small, easily portable changes required in the file system to support the new access model. Existing applications require no modification to use the new interface. We evaluate the performance of the system using a suite of microbenchmarks and database workloads and show that the new interface improves latency and bandwidth for 4 KB writes by 60% and 7.2x, respectively, OLTP database transaction throughput by up to 2.0x, and Berkeley-DB throughput by up to 5.7x. A streamlined asynchronous file IO interface built to fully utilize the new interface enables an additional 5.5x increase in throughput with 1 thread and 2.8x increase in efficiency for 512 B transfers.
Vesamicol Receptor Mapping of Brain Cholinergic Neurons with Radioiodine- Labeled Positional Isomers of Benzovesamicol (1996)

Vesamicol receptor mapping of cholinergic nerve terminals in murine brain can be achieved with 5-IBVM (5) and less robustly with 6-IBVM (10), whereas the brain localization of 7-IBVM (14) reflects high-affinity binding to both vesamicol and delta-receptors.
CRF and CRF Receptors: Role in Stress Responsivity and Other Behaviors (2004)

Since corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was first characterized, a growing family of ligands and receptors has evolved. The mammalian family members include CRF, urocortinI (UcnI), UcnII, and UcnIII, along with two receptors, CRFR1 and CRFR2, and a CRF binding protein. These family members differ in their tissue distribution and pharmacology. Studies have provided evidence supporting an important role of this family in regulation of the endocrine and behavioral responses to stress. Although CRF appears to play a stimulatory role in stress responsivity through activation of CRFR1, specific actions of UcnII and UcnIII on CRFR2 may be important for dampening stress sensitivity. As the only ligand with high affinity for both receptors, UcnI's role may be promiscuous. Regulation of the relative contribution of the two CRF receptors to brain CRF pathways may be essential in coordinating physiological responses to stress. The development of disorders related to heightened stress sensitivity and dysregulation of stress-coping mechanisms appears to involve regulatory mechanisms of CRF family members.
Beamforming in the Time-domain using 3D-microphone arrays (2008)

Traditional beam forming systems with planar microphone arrays do not give comprehensive information about the sound sources inside a cavity such as car interior or an office room. Acoustic measurements inside any cavity are mostly conducted with a few number of microphones. By this means it is possible to gain information about frequencies, orders, sound pressures. However, a space selective analysis is nearly impossible and it is not feasible to find multiple sound sources positions in space in a practical way. Therefore, the constituents of the Acoustic Camera of the GFaI were extended by a spherical, acoustically transparent and omni directional array. A new option is to map onto a common 3D-CAD-models of the object of interest, for instance an office or class room. First of all the advantages and disadvantages of 2D- and 3D-mappings will be discussed in the paper. Furthermore, the important issue of positioning an array at first in the coordinate system of the 3D-model and second in the actual cavity which is to be measured will be addressed. The paper discusses the geometric and acoustic properties of microphone arrays which are applicable for complete 3D-measurements and mappings of cavities. A practicable way of determining the array’s position and direction related to the measurement object will be proposed. Several practical experiments will be displayed to underline the methods capability and reliability.
Ionic winds for locally enhanced cooling (2007)

Ionic wind engines can be integrated onto surfaces to provide enhanced local cooling. Air ions generated by field-emitted electrons or a corona discharge are pulled by an electric field and exchange momentum with neutral air molecules, causing air flow. In the presence of a bulk flow, ionic winds distort the boundary layer, increasing heat transfer from the wall. Experiments demonstrate the ability of ionic winds to decrease the wall temperature substantially in the presence of a bulk flow over a flat plate, corresponding to local enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient by more than twofold. Multiphysics simulations of the corona and flow describe the ability of the ionic wind to distort a bulk flow boundary layer and confirm the experimentally observed heat transfer enhancement trends.
Dynamic synapse: A new concept of neural representation and computation (1996)

Presynaptic mechanisms influencing the probability of neurotransmitter release from an axon terminal, such as facilitation, augmentation, and presynaptic feedback inhibition, are fundamental features of biological neurons and are cardinal physiological properties of synaptic connections in the hippocampus. The consequence of these presynaptic mechanisms is that the probability of release becomes a function of the temporal pattern of action potential occurrence, and hence, the strength of a given synapse varies upon the arrival of each action potential invading the terminal region. From the perspective of neural information processing, the capability of dynamically tuning the synaptic strength as a function of the level of neuronal activation gives rise to a significant representational and processing power of temporal spike patterns at the synaptic level. Furthermore, there is an exponential growth in such computational power when the specific dynamics of presynaptic mechanisms varies quantitatively across axon terminals of a single neuron, a recently established characteristic of hippocampal synapses. During learning, alterations in the presynaptic mechanisms lead to different pattern transformation functions, whereas changes in the postsynaptic mechanisms determine how the synaptic signals are to be combined. We demonstrate the computational capability of dynamic synapses by performing speech recognition from unprocessed, noisy raw waveforms of words spoken by multiple speakers with a simple neural network consisting of a small number of neurons connected with synapses incorporating dynamically determined probability of release. The dynamics included in the model are consistent with available experimental data on hippocampal neurons in that parameter values were chosen so as to be consistent with time constants of facilitative and inhibitory processes governing the dynamics of hippocampal synaptic transmission studied using nonlinear systems analytic procedures.
Efficient and simple methods for display tone‐response characterization (2007)

Abstract— Color characterization is an important step towards achieving accurate color on displays. The characterization process typically uses colorimetric or spectrophotometric instruments to measure displayed colors, and relates these to digital values driving the device. Such measurements can be impractical for consumer applications. This paper presents two techniques for characterizing a display's tone response with no colorimetric or spectrophotometric measurements. The first is a visual technique applicable to devices that exhibit a “gamma” response, such as the cathode‐ray tube. The novelty lies in the replacement of the standard luminance matching with gray‐balancing for the blue channel. This approach substantially reduces observer variation in the gamma estimates for the blue channel. The second technique is applicable for the more general case of devices that do not conform to the gamma response, such as LCDs. The visual task is augmented with a consumer digital camera used as a color‐capture device. The camera tone response is first characterized via a visual task. The characterized camera is then treated as a colorimeter and used to generate a tone‐response characterization for the display. Experiments conducted on projection displays demonstrate that satisfactory quality can be achieved while eliminating the need for costly and tedious measurement.
Digitally-tunable mems filter using mechanically-coupled resonator array (2008)

This paper reports on the design of a bandwidth-tunable RF MEMS filter using a series-coupled array of dielectrically-transduced square-extensional mode resonators. The proposed digital tuning scheme provides channel-agility and bandwidth granularity for analog spectral processors and RF spectrum analyzers. The resonators and filters are fabricated on the 3 mum thick device layer of a heavily doped SOI wafer with a 100 nm thick silicon nitride film sandwiched between the polysilicon electrodes and the silicon device layer. A 511 MHz overtone square-extensional mode resonator is demonstrated with a quality factor (Q) of 1,800 in air and motional impedance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> ) of 1.1 kOmega. An array of four such resonators is coupled mechanically to form a channel-select filter with 1.4 MHz bandwidth at 509 MHz center frequency. By switching the DC-biasing scheme, the filter is split into narrower high and low sub-bands, each 700 kHz wide.
Copolymers of ethylene with butene‐1 and long chain α‐olefins, III. Hexadecene‐1 as long chain α‐olefin (1986)

Abstract Hexadecene‐1 was used as comonomer with ethylene in a slurry polymerization with Ziegler–Natta catalysts. Hexadecene contents remained at less than 4 wt % in ethylene/hexadecene‐1 copolymers. When butene‐1 was also present in the polymerization, hexadecene‐1 contents were significantly higher. With hexadecene content of 11 wt %, the terpolymer density was 910 g/dm 3 . The effect of butene addition was significantly smaller with less than 10 carbon atoms containing α‐olefins.
Pulsed, room temperature operation of a tunable NaCl color center laser (1987)

We report pulsed operation of a tunable color center laser based on the F2+ defect in NaCl. The laser has produced output energies exceeding 8 mJ in 20 nsec pulses. These energies are 4 times greater than those generated by previously reported pulsed color center lasers.1 More significantly, this performance has been achieved with a room temperature crystal. The laser has been operated for up to 40 hours but displays a fading of output power with time.
RADIANCE—A planning software for intra-operative radiation therapy (2015)

In the last decades accumulated clinical evidence has proven that intra-operative radiation therapy (IORT) is a very valuable technique. In spite of that, planning technology has not evolved since its conception, being outdated in comparison to current state of the art in other radiotherapy techniques and therefore slowing down the adoption of IORT. RADIANCE is an IORT planning system, CE and FDA certified, developed by a consortium of companies, hospitals and universities to overcome such technological backwardness. RADIANCE provides all basic radiotherapy planning tools which are specifically adapted to IORT. These include, but are not limited to image visualization, contouring, dose calculation algorithms-Pencil Beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC), DVH calculation and reporting. Other new tools, such as surgical simulation tools have been developed to deal with specific conditions of the technique. Planning with preoperative images (preplanning) has been evaluated and the validity of the system being proven in terms of documentation, treatment preparation, learning as well as improvement of surgeons/radiation oncologists (ROs) communication process. Preliminary studies on Navigation systems envisage benefits on how the specialist to accurately/safely apply the pre-plan into the treatment, updating the plan as needed. Improvements on the usability of this kind of systems and workflow are needed to make them more practical. Preliminary studies on Intraoperative imaging could provide an improved anatomy for the dose computation, comparing it with the previous pre-plan, although not all devices in the market provide good characteristics to do so. DICOM.RT standard, for radiotherapy information exchange, has been updated to cover IORT particularities and enabling the possibility of dose summation with external radiotherapy. The effect of this planning technology on the global risk of the IORT technique has been assessed and documented as part of a failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Having these technological innovations and their clinical evaluation (including risk analysis) we consider that RADIANCE is a very valuable tool to the specialist covering the demands from professional societies (AAPM, ICRU, EURATOM) for current radiotherapy procedures.
Punchthrough diode as the transient voltage suppressor for low-voltage electronics (1996)

Protection devices for future low-voltage electronics are needed. Performances of a new punchthrough transient voltage suppressor (TVS) are analyzed with two-dimensional device simulation. Compared with the available low-voltage TVS constructed with a Zener diode, the punchthrough diode shows far superior leakage current and capacitance. These punchthrough TVS devices are satisfactory for applications not only at 3 V but even at 1 V.
Dose‐Dependent, Therapeutic Potential of Angiotensin‐(1–7) for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2015)

The effects of the heptapeptide angiotensin‐(1–7) (Ang‐(1–7)), via its receptor Mas, oppose many of the effects of the classic angiotensin II signaling pathway, and pharmacological exploitation of this effect is currently actively pursued for a wide range of cardiovascular, neoplastic, or immunological disorders. On the basis of its vasodilatory and antiproliferative properties, Ang‐(1–7) has consequentially also been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In this study, we tested the effectiveness of Ang‐(1–7) and its stable, cyclic analog cAng‐(1–7) over a range of doses for their therapeutic potential in experimental PAH. In the monocrotaline (MCT) rat model of PAH, Ang‐(1–7) or cAng‐(1–7) were injected in doses of 30, 100, 300, or 900 μ g kg –1 day –1 , and effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular remodeling were assessed. Five weeks after MCT injection, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was significantly reduced for 3 dose groups treated with Ang‐(1–7) (100, 300, and 900 μ g kg –1 day –1 ) and for all dose groups treated with cAng‐(1–7), as compared to untreated controls, yet the total reduction of RVSP was >50% at best and thus markedly lower than that with a positive treatment control with ambrisentan. Medial‐wall thickness in pulmonary arterioles was only slightly reduced, without reaching significance, for any of the tested Ang‐(1–7) compounds and doses. The reported moderate attenuation of PAH does not confirm the previously postulated high promise of this strategy, and the therapeutic usefulness of Ang‐(1–7) may be limited in PAH relative to that in other cardiovascular diseases.
Using wavefront measurements to predict visual acuity (2004)

The traditional means of measuring visual acuity in human eyes relies on eye charts and the patient's perceptions. With the advent of wavefront-based technologies, it is now feasible to objectively determine optical resolution. This paper proposes a technique using a resolution spoke to accurately predict visual acuity based on wavefront measurements. Resolution rings are constructed using Rayleigh's criterion for the determination of optical acuity; subsequent cross correlation of the blurred resolution spoke with the un-blurred spoke is used to estimate decentration of the PSF. After laser refractive surgery, the visual acuity of 11 eyes (formerly myopic) was estimated using this technique. The predicted visual acuity was compared to the corresponding subjective measurements using 100% contrast. The correlation variance between predicted and measured acuity was about 74%, which shows that the optical acuity of human eyes can be measured objectively.
Characterization of Native Outer Membrane Vesicles from<i>lpxL</i>Mutant Strains of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>for Use in Parenteral Vaccination (2005)

Native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV) of Neisseria meningitidis consist of intact outer membrane and contain outer membrane proteins (OMP) and lipooligosaccharides (LOS) in their natural conformation and membrane environment. NOMV have been safely used intranasally in P1 studies with encouraging results, but they are too toxic for parenteral vaccination. We now report the preparation and characterization of lpxL mutants that express LOS with reduced toxicity, and the evaluation of the potential of NOMV from these strains for use as a parenteral vaccine. A series of deletion mutants were prepared with knockouts of one or more of the lpxL1, lpxL2, or synX genes. The deltalpxL2 mutants had a reduced growth rate, reduced level of LOS expression, and increased sensitivity to surfactants. In addition, deltasynX deltalpxL2 double mutants had reduced viability in stationary phase. The deltalpxL1 deltalpxL2 double mutant behaved essentially the same as the deltalpxL2 single mutant. LOS from both lpxL mutant strains exhibited altered migration on polyacrylamide gels. The LOS of deltalpxL2 mutants of L3,7 strains were fully sialylated. NOMV prepared from lpxL2 mutants was about 200-fold less active than wild-type NOMV in rabbit pyrogen tests and in tumor necrosis factor alpha release assays. Bactericidal titers induced in animals by deltalpxL2 mutant NOMV were lower than those induced by deltalpxL1 or wild-type NOMV. However, immunogenicity could be largely restored by use of an adjuvant. These results provide evidence that NOMV from deltalpxL2 mutant strains will be safe and immunogenic in humans when given parenterally.
Canning Of Powdered Metal For Hot Isostatic Pressing (1989)

Quality of specimen enhanced by improved canning process. Method developed for canning specimens for hot isostatic pressing. Specimen placed inside refractory-metal ring, then sandwiched between two refractory-metal face sheets. Assembly placed inside die, then positioned in vacuum hot press. Heated to set temperature at prescribed vacuum to burn off all of binder in specimen. Advantages: powder-metallurgy composite totally purged of binder sealed in can in single operation, maintains size, shape, and uniformity of specimen. Weld region does not recrystallize, and little possibility of cracking.
Acid Phosphatase-1 from Nematode Resistant Tomato (1991)

Aps-1 encodes acid phosphatase-1, one of the many acid phosphatases present in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Aps-1 is closely linked to Mi, a gene conferring resistance against nematodes. Thus, a clone of Aps-1 would provide access to the region of the genome containing Mi. Acid phosphatase-1 was purified from tomato suspension culture cells. Fragmentary amino acid sequences were derived from the purified protein and from its proteolytic and chemical digestion products. One of these amino acid sequences was used to design an oligodeoxyribonucleotide probe expected to hybridize to acid phosphatase-1 cDNA. This probe identified, in a cDNA library, a clone encoding the carboxyl-terminal sequence of a protein that is very similar, but not identical, to acid phosphatase-1. Using this clone, we discovered a second cDNA clone that corresponds in its carboxyl terminal sequence to acid phosphatase-1 but, surprisingly, retains sequences of an Aps-1 intron. The second cDNA clone was used to detect both a cDNA clone and a genomic clone corresponding to Aps-1. The identity of these clones was confirmed by sequence analysis and by the correlation of a restriction fragment length polymorphism with two Aps-1 alleles in a segregating tomato population. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Aps-1 open reading frame predicts a hydrophobic animoterminal signal sequence and a mature protein with a molecular weight of 25,000. The amino acid sequence of this protein has a strong similarity in size and sequence to a vegetative storage protein of soybean.
Cave Plots: A Graphical Technique for Comparing Time Series (1994)

Abstract Cave plots are a good way to compare data from two or more time series, even if the two series are observed at irregular times. Cave plots can show thousands of measurements, but they are readily understood, preserve individual values, highlight short-term, long-term, and periodic fluctuations, and make correlation (or lack of correlation) between two time series apparent. We have used a page of cave plots to show millions of measurements on network reliability and tens of thousands of measurements on air quality. The plots highlight features of the data that warrant a closer look.