gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O1‐06‐03: IMMUNOTHERAPY‐TARGETING TAU BLOCKS TAU PATHOLOGY INDUCED BY ALZHEIMER'S HYPERPHOSPHORYLATED TAU IN TRIPLE‐TRANSGENIC AD MICE (2018)

Accumulating evidence indicates that tau pathology can spread from neuron to neuron by intake and coaggregation of the hyperphosphorylated tau seeds with the host neuron protein. Therefore, removal of tau seeds by immunization with tau antibodies could provide a potential therapeutic opportunity to block the spread of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Female, 11-12-month old 3×Tg-AD mice were intravenously immunized weekly with 15 μg/injection of mouse monoclonal antibody 43D targeting tau 6-18, or as control with mouse IgG for 6 weeks. AD P-tau isolated from a frozen autopsied AD brain was unilaterally injected into right hippocampus on the day of the second dose of immunization. Tau pathology was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Injection of AD P-tau into the hippocampus of 11-12-month old of 3×Tg-AD mouse induced tau aggregation as early as six weeks in the hippocampus after AD P-tau injection, and promotes the spread of tau pathology to the contralateral hippocampus. Tau pathology was thioflavin-S negative even in naïve 18-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice. However, tau pathology templated by AD P-tau exhibited thioflavin-S positive and was about 2-fold more in 13.5-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice than that seen in naïve 18-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice. Immunization with tau antibody 43D against tau 6-18 dramatically blocked AD P-tau seeding in the ipsilateral hippocampus and inhibited its propagation to the contralateral side in 3×Tg-AD mice. These studies indicate (1) that AD P-tau injected 3×Tg-AD mice represent a practical model to study the seeding and the spread of tau pathology and the effect of tau immunotherapy on tau pathology; and (2) that immunotherapy with 43D antibody against tau 6-18 can prevent the seeding and the spread of tau pathology, and represent a potential therapeutic treatment for AD and related tauopathies.
ITLinQ: A New Approach for Spectrum Sharing in Device-to-Device Communication Systems (2014)

We consider the problem of spectrum sharing in device-to-device communication systems. Inspired by the recent optimality condition for treating interference as noise, we define a new concept of information-theoretic independent sets (ITISs), which indicates the sets of links for which simultaneous communication and treating the interference from each other as noise is information-theoretically optimal (to within a constant gap). Based on this concept, we develop a new spectrum sharing mechanism, called information-theoretic link scheduling (ITLinQ), which at each time schedules those links that form an ITIS. We first provide a performance guarantee for ITLinQ by characterizing the fraction of the capacity region that it can achieve in a network with sources and destinations randomly located within a fixed area. Furthermore, we demonstrate how ITLinQ can be implemented in a distributed manner, using an initial two-phase signaling mechanism that provides the required channel state information at all the links. Through numerical analysis, we show that distributed ITLinQ can outperform similar state-of-the-art spectrum sharing mechanisms, such as FlashLinQ, by more than 100% of sum-rate gain, while keeping the complexity at the same level. Finally, we discuss a variation of the distributed ITLinQ scheme, which can also guarantee fairness among the links in the network and numerically evaluate its performance.
Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>receptors play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic cirrhosis (2006)

1. Adenosine is a potent endogenous regulator of inflammation and tissue repair. Adenosine, which is released from injured and hypoxic tissue or in response to toxins and medications, may induce pulmonary fibrosis in mice, presumably via interaction with a specific adenosine receptor. We therefore determined whether adenosine and its receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. 2. As in other tissues and cell types, adenosine is released in vitro in response to the fibrogenic stimuli ethanol (40 mg dl(-1)) and methotrexate (100 nM). 3. Adenosine A(2A) receptors are expressed on rat and human hepatic stellate cell lines and adenosine A(2A) receptor occupancy promotes collagen production by these cells. Liver sections from mice treated with the hepatotoxins carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) (0.05 ml in oil, 50 : 50 v : v, subcutaneously) and thioacetamide (100 mg kg(-1) in PBS, intraperitoneally) released more adenosine than those from untreated mice when cultured ex vivo. 4. Adenosine A(2A) receptor-deficient, but not wild-type or A(3) receptor-deficient, mice are protected from development of hepatic fibrosis following CCl(4) or thioacetamide exposure. 5. Similarly, caffeine (50 mg kg(-1) day(-1), po), a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, and ZM241385 (25 mg kg(-1) bid), a more selective antagonist of the adenosine A(2A) receptor, diminished hepatic fibrosis in wild-type mice exposed to either CCl(4) or thioacetamide. 6. These results demonstrate that hepatic adenosine A(2A) receptors play an active role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, and suggest a novel therapeutic target in the treatment and prevention of hepatic cirrhosis.
Optically-induced charge separation and terahertz emission in unbiased dielectrics (2011)

Charge separation mediated by linearly-polarized light in transparent insulators is analyzed numerically by integrating the equations of motion of a bound charge. It is shown that large static and transient dipole moments can be induced by the magnetic component of light at nonrelativistic intensities regardless of whether the pumplight is coherent or incoherent. Quantitative estimates show that efficient conversion of optical beams to electrical power is possible in lossless dielectric media and that THz radiation can be generated in unbiased materials through the use of transverse optical magnetism.
ERBB2/HER2-SPECIFIC NATURAL KILLER CELLS FOR ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY OF GLIOBLASTOMA (2014)

BACKGROUND: While EGFRvIII appears a logical target for immunotherapy, only a subpopulation of tumor cells express EGFRvIII and immune escape has been demonstrated. ErbB2 is overexpressed in a substantial proportion of glioblastomas and has been successfully utilized in immunotherapies. Natural killer (NK) cells are the first line of defense against viral infections and malignant cells. The continuously growing cytotoxic cell line NK-92 holds promise for cancer immunotherapy. Safety of infusion of high doses of NK-92 was established in previous phase I clinical trials utilizing irradiated cells to prevent permanent engraftment. METHODS: To provide NK-92 cells with pre-determined tumor-cell specificity, we generated a lentiviral second generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct (5.28.z) employing the ErbB2 (HER2)-specific scFv(FRP5) antibody fragment for target cell recognition, and human CD28-CD3 ζ as a composite signaling moiety. An ErbB2-specific single cell clone (NK-92/5.28.z) was isolated, which showed high and selective cytotoxicity towards ErbB2-expressing tumor cells of various origins in vitro. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of NK-93/5.28.z cells against a panel of glioblastoma cell lines and primary glioblastoma cultures with different levels of Erb2 expression in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: To provide NK-92 cells with pre-determined tumor-cell specificity, we generated a lentiviral second generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct (5.28.z) employing the ErbB2 (HER2)-specific scFv(FRP5) antibody fragment for target cell recognition, and human CD28-CD3 ζ as a composite signaling moiety. An ErbB2-specific single cell clone (NK-92/5.28.z) was isolated, which showed high and selective cytotoxicity towards ErbB2-expressing tumor cells of various origins in vitro. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of NK-93/5.28.z cells against a panel of glioblastoma cell lines and primary glioblastoma cultures with different levels of Erb2 expression in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Adoptive immunotherapy with application of ErbB2-specific NK-92/5.28.z cells may be a promising new immunotherapy approach for ErB2 positive glioblastoma. A phase I trial for glioblastoma patients with local injections of NK-92/5.28.z cells is in preparation. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics.
Inhibition of the mammalian .beta.-lactamase renal dipeptidase (dehydropeptidase-I) by Z-2-(acylamino)-3-substituted-propenoic acids (1987)

The title enzyme deactivates the potent carbapenem antibiotic imipenem in the kidney, producing low antibiotic levels in the urinary tract. A series of (Z)-2-(acylamino)-3-substituted-propenoic acids (3) are specific, competitive inhibitors of the enzyme capable of increasing the urinary concentration of imipenem in vivo. Many of the compounds were prepared in one step from an alpha-keto acid and a primary amide. The optimum R2 groups are 2,2-dimethyl, -dichloro, and -dibromocyclopropyl. With R2 = 2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl (DMCP), a wide variety of R3 groups including alkyl, oxa- and thiaalkyl, and alkyl groups containing acidic, basic, and neutral substituents give effective inhibitors with Ki values of 0.02-1 microM and a range of pharmacokinetic properties. By resolution of enantiomers and X-ray crystallography, the enzyme-inhibitory activity of the DMCP group was found to reside with the 1S isomer. The cysteinyl compound 176 (cilastatin, MK-0791) has the desired pharmacological properties and has been chosen for combination with imipenem.
Super-Stable Optical Comb and Pulse Generation Using Electro-Optic Modulation (2007)

We review a simple and highly-stable ultra-flat frequency comb generator employing a single-stage electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator. Synthesis of a picosecond/sub-picosecond pulse train from the frequency comb using linear/nonlinear pulse compression technique is also reported.
An Iterative Similarity based Adaptation Technique for Cross-domain Text Classification (2015)

Supervised machine learning classification algorithms assume both train and test data are sampled from the same domain or distribution. However, performance of the algorithms degrade for test data from different domain. Such cross domain classification is arduous as features in the test domain may be different and absence of labeled data could further exacerbate the problem. This paper proposes an algorithm to adapt classification model by iteratively learning domain specific features from the unlabeled test data. Moreover, this adaptation transpires in a similarity aware manner by integrating similarity between domains in the adaptation setting. Cross-domain classification experiments on different datasets, including a real world dataset, demonstrate efficacy of the proposed algorithm over state-of-theart.
Reference-free analysis of flash thermography data (2006)

Since its introduction 5 years ago, the Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR) method has become a widely accepted approach to processing and interpreting active thermography data. Although the technique generates a noise free replica of an experimental data sequence, it is the time derivatives of the replica that have proved to be most useful. In particular, the second derivative of the TSR signal offers increased sensitivity, noise and artifact suppression and reference-free evaluation and quantification of results. Unlike contrast methods, where a point is evaluated by comparison to a defect-free reference, the TSR second derivative of a single pixel indicates the presence of a subsurface defect, or in the absence of a defect, it can be used to measure the local thermal diffusivity.
Current saturation mechanisms in carbon nanotube field emitters (2000)

Recent studies have shown a current limiting effect in the field emission behavior of carbon nanotubes. In this letter, we demonstrate that an individual nanotube exhibits current saturation above 100 nA of emission current, and we show that this current saturation is a direct result of an adsorbate-enhanced field emission mechanism. Current saturation results from the displacement of adsorbates from configurations of tunneling enhancement as electric field and current are increased. Saturation is concurrent with rapid fluctuations in emission current and distinctive changes in the field emission patterns. At high fields, the adsorbate states are completely removed from the nanotube. A single, clean single-walled nanotube shows no evidence of current saturation for emission currents reaching 2 μA.
The effects of moderate thermal treatments under air on LiFePO4-based nano powders (2009)

The thermal behavior under air of LiFePO4-based powders was investigated through the combination of several techniques such as temperature-controlled X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopies. The reactivity with air at moderate temperatures depends on the particle size and leads to progressive displacement of Fe from the core structure yielding nano-size Fe2O3 and highly defective, oxidized LixFeyPO4 compositions whose unit-cell volume decreases dramatically when the temperature is raised between 400 and 600 K. The novel LiFePO4-like compositions display new electrochemical reactivity when used as positive electrodes in Li batteries. Several redox phenomena between 3.4 V and 2.7 V vs.Li were discovered and followed by in-situX-ray diffraction, which revealed two distinct solid solution domains associated with highly anisotropic variations of the unit-cell constants.
A Drug-Eluting Contact Lens (2009)

A prototype contact lens for sustained drug release consisting of a thin drug-PLGA film coated with pHEMA could be used as a platform for ocular drug delivery with widespread therapeutic applications.
Urine cell-based DNA methylation classifier for monitoring bladder cancer (2018)

The combination of the three-gene methylation classifier and cytology results has high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in a real clinical scenario (PFBC). The proposed classifier is a useful test for predicting BC recurrence and decrease the number of cystoscopies in the follow-up of BC patients. If only patients with a positive combined classifier result would be cystoscopied, 36% of all cystoscopies can be prevented.
Use of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Covalent Attachment of Nanotubes to Silicon (2012)

The purpose of the invention is to covalently attach functionalized carbon nanotubes to silicon. This step allows for the introduction of carbon nanotubes onto all manner of silicon surfaces, and thereby introduction of carbon nano - tubes covalently into silicon-based devices, onto silicon particles, and onto silicon surfaces. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersed as individuals in surfactant were functionalized. The nano - tube was first treated with 4-t-butylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate to give increased solubility to the carbon nanotube; the second group attached to the sidewall of the nanotube has a silyl-protected terminal alkyne that is de-protected in situ. This gives a soluble carbon nanotube that has functional groups appended to the sidewall that can be attached covalently to silicon. This reaction was monitored by UV/vis/NJR to assure direct covalent functionalization.
vCacheShare: automated server flash cache space management in a virtualization environment (2014)

Server Flash Cache (SFC) is increasingly adopted in virtualization environments for IO acceleration. Deciding the optimal SFC allocation among VMs or VM disks is a major pain-point, dominantly handled manually by administrators. In this paper, we present vCacheShare, a dynamic, workload-aware, policy-driven framework for continuous and automated optimization of SFC space partitioning. Its decision-making is based on multiple IO access characteristics. In particular, vCacheShare adopts a cache utility model that captures both longer-term locality behavior and transient locality spikes.

This paper validates the growing applicability of analytical programming techniques to solve real-time resource management problems, traditionally addressed using heuristics. We designed vCacheShare to coordinate with typical VM mobility events and implemented it within the widely used ESXi hypervisor. We performed extensive evaluation using 13 representative enterprise IO workloads, one IO benchmark, and two end-to-end deployment test cases targeting Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) and data warehousing scenarios respectively. Our results verified the advantage of vCacheShare over implicit management schemes such as global LRU, and confirmed its self-adaptive capability.
Variation of Asphaltene Onset Pressure Due to Reservoir Fluid Disequilibrium (2014)

Abstract Reservoir fluids in a single compartment can be in a state of gross thermodynamic disequilibrium. The equilibration of reservoir fluids is a slow process in part mediated via diffusion, an inherently very slow process. When reservoir fluids are subjected to other, faster processes, equilibration can be precluded. A common event in reservoirs especially in deepwater is a late gas charge into an oil-filled reservoir. In this case, the gas can quickly migrate to the top of the reservoir through fault planes without mixing with the existing reservoir fluid. This newly charge gas can then diffuse down into the oil column thereby creating very large gradients of many fluid properties such as gas-oil ratio (GOR) and bubble point pressures. In addition, asphaltene solubility is highly sensitive to GOR (as shown in the Flory-Huggins-Zuo Equation of State (FHZ EoS)), thus very large gradients of asphaltene content can likewise be established. Where solution gas is high, asphaltene instability is expected and Flow Assurance problems can occur. Gravity segregation of asphaltenes due to redistribution of the colloidal speciation of the asphaltenes in accordance with the Yen-Mullins Model can occur and results in asphaltene gravity currents. This process can result in significant variations in asphaltene concentration throughout the column. This convective process can yield large asphaltene concentrations at the base of the column thereby producing corresponding Flow Assurance concerns at the base. The combination of all these processes associated with gas charge into black oil can create a large gradient in asphaltene onset pressure (AOP). Such cases if not properly analyzed can give rise to mismanagement of Flow Assurance concerns. In this paper, we discuss case studies that exhibit such potentially problematic fluid columns. Simulated cases are also modeled to provide guidance for optimal management of AOP variations. The relationships of these Flow Assurance problems with other production problems are clarified. The ability to model asphaltene gradients with the FHZ EoS is seen to help significantly in understanding of asphaltene phase behavior of reservoir fluids.
Asymmetric-Waveguide Laser Diode for High-Power Optical Pulse Generation by Gain Switching (2009)

A semiconductor laser with a strongly asymmetric waveguide structure and a relatively thick (~0.1 mum) active layer, resulting in an extremely large equivalent spot size, is proposed and analyzed for the purpose of generating high-power single-optical pulses by gain switching. An improvement in obtainable single-pulse energies of about an order of magnitude over conventional laser structures is predicted.
Synthesis of Deuterated Benzopyran Derivatives as Selective COX-2 Inhibitors with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties (2014)

We designed a series of specifically deuterated benzopyran analogues as new COX-2 inhibitors with the aim of improving their pharmacokinetic properties. As expected, the deuterated compounds retained potency and selectivity for COX-2. The new molecules possess improved pharmacokinetic profiles in rats compared to their nondeuterated congeners. Most importantly, the new compounds showed pharmacodynamic efficacy in several murine models of inflammation and pain. The benzopyran derivatives were separated into their enantiomers, and the activity was found to reside with the S-isomers. To streamline the synthesis of the desired S-isomers, an organocatalytic asymmetric domino oxa-Michael/aldol condensation reaction was developed for their preparation.
Lame-mode quartz crystal resonators (2002)

A quartz crystal resonator of Lame-mode is available for realization of a frequency over approximately 3 MHz because its frequency constant has a value of 360 kHz/spl middot/cm at a cut angle /spl phi/=36/spl deg/ and its frequency is dependent upon contour dimensions of the resonator. In this paper relationships of frequency constant (f/spl middot/2z/sub 0/), frequency temperature coefficients /spl alpha/, /spl beta/ and a capacitance ratio r versus cut angle /spl phi/, and also frequency temperature behavior are shown theoretically and experimentally. The calculated values agree well with the measured ones, and a quartz crystal resonator of Lame-mode is successfully obtained with a zero temperature coefficient at room temperature, a small series resistance R/sub 1/ and a small capacitance ratio r.
Fast and Distributed High Resolution Brillouin Based Fiber Optic Sensor (2013)

We present a fast and distributed high-resolution Brillouin sensor. A sensing speed of hundreds Hz with 5cm spatial resolution is experimentally demonstrated. A comparison between Bragg and Brillouin based sensing methods is also presented.
Advanced Fire Detection Using Multi-Signature Alarm Algorithms (1999)

Abstract The objective of this work was to assess the feasibility of reducing false alarms while increasing sensitivity through the use of combined conventional smoke detectors with carbon monoxide (CO) sensors. This was accomplished through an experimental program using both real (fire) and nuisance alarm sources. A broad selection of sources was used ranging from smoldering wood and flaming fabric to cooking fumes. Individual sensor outputs and various signal-conditioning schemes involving multiple sensors were explored. The results show that improved fire-detection capabilities can be achieved over standard smoke detectors by combining smoke measurements with CO measurements in specific algorithms. False alarms can be reduced while increasing sensitivity (i.e., decreasing the detection time for real fires). Patented alarm criteria were established using algorithms consisting of the product of smoke obscuration and the change in CO concentration. Alarm algorithms utilizing ionization detector smoke measurements proved to be more effective than measurements from photoelectric detectors.
β‐Diketo Acids with Purine Nucleobase Scaffolds: Novel, Selective Inhibitors of the Strand Transfer Step of HIV Integrase. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nanometer-scale ablation with a table-top soft x-ray laser (2006)

Ablation of holes with diameters as small as 82 nm and very clean walls was obtained in poly(methyl methacrylate) focusing pulses from a Ne-like Ar 46.9 nm compact capillary-discharge laser with a freestanding Fresnel zone plate diffracting into third order. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using focused soft x-ray laser beams for the direct nanoscale patterning of materials and the development of new nanoprobes.