gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the expression of prostatic acid phosphatase in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells. (1993)

Human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP) is a prostate epithelium-specific differentiation antigen and its expression has been proposed to be regulated by androgens. Since cellular PAcP may function as a protein tyrosine phosphatase, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of its expression at different growth stages in LNCaP cells, the only cultured human prostate carcinoma cells that express an endogenous PAcP. Cells were plated at different densities to represent different stages of cellular growth for quantitating the expression of PAcP. In 4-d subconfluent cells, the cellular PAcP activity and protein level increased following the seeded cell density, consistent with mRNA levels. By day 7, all cultures had an approximately equal amount of total cellular proteins, indicating that cell growth approached to confluence, except the one that was plated at the lowest density. The cellular PAcP activity per cell was increased and corresponded to its protein level as observed in 4-d cultures. However, in 7-d cultured cells, although the PAcP protein level increased, its mRNA level declined. This increased PAcP protein level despite the decreased message was in part due to a prolonged half-life of the protein. Further, androgen effect on the PAcP mRNA level was also shown to be a cell density-dependent phenomenon. In low-density cultured cells, the PAcP mRNA level was elevated approximately 100% by 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulation. However, in high-density confluent cells the mRNA level was slightly decreased by DHT treatment. Further, treatments with various growth stimulators resulted in various degrees of inhibition on PAcP mRNA levels. In conclusion, the data indicate that the cellular level of PAcP activity is associated with the cell density/confluence of LNCaP cells. Further, cell density could modulate androgen effect on PAcP expression at the mRNA level.
Highly Conductive, Methanol Resistant Polyelectrolyte Multilayers (2008)

Highly conducting, methanol resistant thin films are fabricated using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly. Pairing a sulfonated aromatic polyether with amine-based polycations yields LBL films with ionic conductivity values up to 3.5 × 10−2 S cm−1. Uniformly coating traditional fuel cell membranes with these LBL films (see figure) improves the power output of a direct methanol fuel cell by over 50%.
Development of Advanced New Bio - Nanofibers from Wood Pulp - Preparation and Application of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers (2010)

Native cellulose forms hierarchical structures in plant cell walls from molecular chains to fibers and plant tissues through nano-sized and highly crystalline cellulose microfibrils. We have developed some methods to prepare individual cellulose nanofibers by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of native celluloses followed by gentle mechanical agitation in water. The cellulose nanofibers thus obtained have high crystallinity of 74%, almost uniform widths of 3-4 nm and lengths of at least a few micrometers. Because significant amounts of C6 carboxylate groups are selectively formed on the cellulose microfibril surfaces by the oxidation, bundles of cellulose microfibrils forming numerous hydrogen bonds between them can be converted to individual cellulose nanofibers dispersed in water by electric repulsions between highly anionic cellulose microfibrils, whose zeta potentials are around -80 mV. Transparent and flexible films with high strength and extremely low oxygen permeability were obtained by casting the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber/water dispersions on a PLA film. The new cellulose nanofiber films are expected to be used as transparent packaging materials with high oxygen barrier for foods and medicines, flexible display panels, electronic devices and others.
Detection of Acetaminophen Protein Adducts in Children With Acute Liver Failure of Indeterminate Cause (2006)

A small but significant percentage of children with acute liver failure of indeterminate cause tested positive for acetaminophen cysteine protein adducts, strongly suggesting acetaminophen toxicity as the cause of acute liver failure. An assay for the detection of acetaminophen cysteine protein adducts can aid the diagnosis of acetaminophen-related liver injury in children.
Fast Intelligent Battery Charging for Automotive Applications Using Neural-Fuzzy Technology (1996)

This paper focuses on a design of a super fast battery charger based on National`s proprietary neural network based NeuFuz technology. In this application, the authors have used a NiCd battery pack as the test vehicle. However, this technology can be extended to other chemistries. This technology allows the designer to accurately model the charge controller using a neural network, based on battery charge characteristics provided by the manufacturer. This approach continuously monitors the battery status, and modifies the charge current accordingly. It also eliminates the need for standard charge termination methods used in today`s conventional chargers.
A micromechanical ultrasonic distance sensor with &#x003E;1 meter range (2011)

Ultrasonic distance sensors based on piezoceramic transducers have >;1m range and millimeter accuracy but require the use of bulky transducers. Existing micromachined sensors deliver inferior performance, with maximum range in the tens of centimeters. We present theory, design equations, and measured results for a micromechanical ultrasonic distance sensor which approaches the performance of piezoceramic-based solutions. The sensor has a maximum range >;1300mm and random errors (3σ) of <;1.7mm at 1.3m.
An integrated multi-port driven radiating source (2013)

A multi-port driven (MPD) antenna allows for the removal of RF blocks for impedance matching, power combining, and power delivery by enabling efficient radiation at the fundamental frequency from several output stages driving the antenna. A radiating source utilizing an 8-phase ring oscillator and eight power amplifiers to drive the MPD antenna at 161.4 GHz with a total radiated power of -2 dBm and a single element EIRP of 4.6 dBm is demonstrated in silicon with single lobe radiation patterns closely matching simulation.
Noisy hidden Markov models for speech recognition (2013)

We show that noise can speed training in hidden Markov models (HMMs). The new Noisy Expectation-Maximization (NEM) algorithm shows how to inject noise when learning the maximum-likelihood estimate of the HMM parameters because the underlying Baum-Welch training algorithm is a special case of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. The NEM theorem gives a sufficient condition for such an average noise boost. The condition is a simple quadratic constraint on the noise when the HMM uses a Gaussian mixture model at each state. Simulations show that a noisy HMM converges faster than a noiseless HMM on the TIMIT data set.
Face recognition using DCT-based feature vectors (2002)

Face recognition has many applications ranging from security access to video indexing by content. We describe an automatic face recognition system which is VQ-based and examine the effects of feature selection, feature dimensionality and codebook size on recognition performance in the VQ framework. In particular, we examine DCT-based feature vectors in such a system. DCT-based feature vectors have the additional appeal that the recognition can be performed directly on the bitstream of compressed images which are DCT-based. The system described consists of three parts: a preprocessing step to segment the face, the feature selection process and the classification. Recognition rates for a database of 500 images shows promising results.
New Methodology and Instrumentation for Follicular Unit Extraction (2006)

BACKGROUND Follicular unit extraction (FUE), as described in the literature for harvesting follicular units, is technically demanding, has limited patient candidacy, and can potentially result in high rates of follicle transection. Although FUE has potential advantages, such as faster surgical recovery, less postoperative pain, less noticeable scarring, and possible expansion of the donor area, the acceptance of the technique is limited by the problems noted above. The proposed methodology and instrumentation may allow widespread adoption of FUE. OBJECTIVE To present the SAFE (Surgically Advanced Follicular Extraction) System, a new methodology and novel instrumentation for FUE. This article presents the efficacy of this methodology and addresses patient candidacy. METHODS Twenty-two patients undergoing standard strip excision were enrolled in a pilot study to assess follicle transection rates using the SAFE System. Based on the success of the pilot study, an additional 37 patients receiving a total of 6,947 grafts were examined. Transection rates were recorded, and patients were examined for complications or adverse reactions. RESULTS The average follicle transection rate was 6.14%, with a range of 1.7 to 15%. The only adverse reaction was the occurrence of two buried grafts, resulting in inflammatory subcutaneous cysts requiring excision. CONCLUSION It appears that the SAFE System provides the methodology and instrumentation to enhance current FUE techniques and expand patient candidacy. The transection rate of this method compares favorably with traditional microscope graft dissection. Physicians with a modicum of technical skills can use the technique, and there does not appear to be a significant adverse reaction rate.
Isolation of Pure Disubstituted E Olefins through Mo-Catalyzed Z-Selective Ethenolysis of Stereoisomeric Mixtures (2011)

Monoaryloxide–pyrrolide (MAP) complexes of molybdenum were employed for the selective ethenolysis of 1,2-disubstituted Z olefins in the presence of the corresponding E olefins. Reactions were performed in the presence of 0.02–3.0 mol % catalyst at 22 °C under 20 atm ethylene. We have demonstrated that the Z isomer of an easily accessible E:Z mixture can be destroyed through ethenolysis and the E alkene thereby isolated readily in high yield and exceptional stereoisomeric purity.
Ultrathin thermoacoustic nanobridge loudspeakers from ALD on polyimide (2016)

The recent development of low-temperature (<200 °C) atomic layer deposition (ALD) for fabrication of freestanding nanostructures has enabled consideration of active device design based on engineered ultrathin films. This paper explores audible sound production from thermoacoustic loudspeakers fabricated from suspended tungsten nanobridges formed by ALD. Additionally, this paper develops an approach to lumped-element modeling for design of thermoacoustic nanodevices and relates the near-field plane wave model of individual transducer beams to the far-field spherical wave sound pressure that can be measured with standard experimental techniques. Arrays of suspended nanobridges with 25.8 nm thickness and sizes as small as 17 μm × 2 μm have been fabricated and demonstrated to produce audible sound using the thermoacoustic effect. The nanobridges were fabricated by ALD of 6.5 nm Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and 19.3 nm tungsten on sacrificial polyimide, with ALD performed at 130 °C and patterned by standard photolithography. The maximum observed loudspeaker sound pressure level (SPL) is 104 dB, measured at 20 kHz, 9.71 W input power, and 1 cm measurement distance, providing a loudspeaker sensitivity value of ∼64.6 dB SPL/1 mW. Sound production efficiency was measured to vary proportional to frequency f <sup>3</sup> and was directly proportional to input power. The devices in this paper demonstrate industrially feasible nanofabrication of thermoacoustic transducers and a sound production mechanism pertinent to submicron-scale device engineering.
Acoustic and psychoacoustic benefits of adaptive compression thresholds in hearing aid amplifiers that mimic cochlear function (2001)

Automatic gain control of linear amplifiers dominates advanced hearing aid design, and has been extensively studied [Levitt et al., IEEE (1980); Dillon, Ear Hear. 17, 287–307 (1996)]. The normal cochlea uses essentially nonlinear, rapidly compressive amplification under efferent control [Kiang et al., Hear. Res. 22, 171–182 (1986); Robles et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 1364–1374 (1986)], whose salient characteristics have been modeled [Goldstein, Hear. Res. 49, 39–60 (1990)] and are presently adopted for multichannel hearing aids. Signal transduction in each channel is linear at low and high sound pressure levels (SPL), and smoothly joined by a compressive range. The transition from linear to compressive response at low SPL is controlled by an adaptive compression threshold, whose quiescent level provides the gain needed for weak sounds. For sustained sounds at higher SPL the compression threshold adapts upwards, providing effectively linear response and better acoustic quality for speech in noise. Pilot psychoacoustic experiments with a design simulation demonstrated that both normal and impaired hearing subjects perceive the improved quality, and comprehend speech in noise at least as well as with advanced hearing aids [Valente et al., J. Am. Acad. Audiol. 9, 342–360 (1998)]. [Work supported by NIDCD.]
KnoWeb-a knowledge web for large-scale, evolving distributed knowledge resources (2002)

In order for knowledge based systems to continue advancing into the mainstream of computing technology, they must become capable of addressing large and complex problems. An architecture concept has been developed that integrates a potentially large number of otherwise independent knowledge modules into a rich knowledge environment supporting users in broad fields of endeavor. A network of cooperating intelligent agents mediates user interactions with the knowledge resources and manages mutual distributed inferencing to solve problems for users. The current effort is focused on a prototype implementation of the agents and distributed inferencing processes, which will provide interfaces for multiple users and distributed knowledge repositories.
28pm3-E-3 Detection of Heartbeat and Respiration Functions by Using MEMS Catheter Flow Sensor (2015)

A part of kinetic heartbeat signal will transmit to lung mechanics, because they are contacted to each other. It means that it might be overlapped to breathing signals, and output as the airflow at the mouth. Thus, we challenged to detect both heartbeat and respiration kinetic signals from the airflow at the mouth. A rat under heavy anesthetic condition was experimentally used to confirm the above phenomenon, and a catheter flow sensor with outer diameter of 1.8 mm was fabricated by MEMS technologies. An electrocardiogram (ECG) was also used as a standard of heartbeat detection. The flow sensor was inserted into a rat's airway, and the airflow dominated mostly by lung breathings was measured. The heartbeat signals caused by physical heart movement was extracted from the airflow waveform by analyzing it with discrete Fourier transform, and its frequency was confirmed to coincident to electrical signal frequency obtained in ECG. We finally concluded that we can simultaneously measure both heartbeat and respiration kinetic functions from the airflow at the mouth.
Dynamic configuration steering for a reconfigurable superscalar processor (2006)

A new dynamic vector approach for the selection and management of the configuration of a reconfigurable superscalar processor is proposed. This new method improves on previous work that used steering vectors to guide the selection of functional units to be loaded into the processor. Dependencies among instructions in the instruction buffer are analyzed to enable a new scoring method. The dynamic vector technique is shown to reduce the amount of reconfiguration required while preserving execution resources. Simulation results reveal that, given enough configurable space, the configuration of the processor approaches a stable state.
Tungstate Decreases Weight Gain and Adiposity in Obese Rats through Increased Thermogenesis and Lipid Oxidation (2005)

The increasing worldwide incidence of obesity and the limitations of current treatments raise the need for finding novel therapeutic approaches to treat this disease. The purpose of the current study was first to investigate the effects of tungstate on body weight and insulin sensitivity in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Second, we aimed to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying its action. Oral administration of tungstate significantly decreased body weight gain and adiposity without modifying caloric intake, intestinal fat absorption, or growth rate in obese rats. Moreover, the treatment ameliorated dislipemia and insulin resistance of obese rats. These effects were mediated by an increase in whole-body energy dissipation and by changes in the expression of genes involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and mitochondrial uncoupling in adipose tissue. Furthermore, treatment increased the number of small adipocytes with a concomitant induction of apoptosis. Our results indicate that tungstate treatment may provide the basis for a promising novel therapy for obesity.
Enhancing Cell Adhesion and Confinement by Gradient Nanotopography (2007)

This work reports the design and use of a gradient nanotopography to enhance the resistance of mammalian cell adhesion on surfaces. The gradient nanotopography is prepared by depositing gold films on a glass microscope slide in a single azimuthal direction, but with continuous increase in the angle between the incidence of gold atoms and the normal of the surface. By forming patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols into cell-adhesive regions (HS(CH2)14CH3) surrounded by cell-resistant areas (HS(CH2)12(OCH2CH2)3OH) on the gold film, the adhesion and confinement of albino 3T3 fibroblasts along the topographic gradient are studied. At the early stage of cell culture, cells adhere faster and reach confluency sooner on higher topographic regions (gold deposited at large incident angle) than on lower topographic regions (gold deposited at small incident angle). After cells proliferate to reach confluency within the patterns, the cells are confined in the high topographic regions up to 25 days, which is about 4 times longer than on gold films prepared on a rotating planetary. Overall, introducing nanostructured topography in gold films significantly enhances the bioinert chemistry of tri(ethylene glycol)-terminated SAMs that resist the adhesion of mammalian cells.
Entangled Photons: Generation, Observation, and Characterization (2007)

Entanglement is one of the essential resources of quantum information and communication technology. Photons are the most popular and promising media to manipulate entanglement. In this review article, concepts and progress in the generation, observation, and characterization of entangled photons are presented. Starting from underlying theoretical concepts, a historical review on the generation of entangled photons is given. Particularly, recent results on the generation of polarization-entangled photons from semiconductor sources are reviewed and discussed.
Optical Detection Of Flameout In A Combustor (1994)

Fuel supply shut down in time to prevent explosion. Optical flameout detector designed to signal control system of facility to cut off supply of fuel into combustion chamber if flame goes out. which optical flameout detector designed burns methane in air to provide hot gases for 8-ft high-temperature test chamber. flameout detector for same combustor described in Acoustical Detection of Flameout in Combustor (LAR-14900). Fiber optic probes mounted to fuel-spray bar upstream of flame. No focusing optics used, and probes aimed across flow of gases at spot on combustion chamber wall downstream from spray bar. Arrangement enables flameout detection system to respond quickly to potential loss of flame since it detects movement of flame front away from spray bar face. Overall response time of detection system under 10 milliseconds.
Wavelength selection-based nonlinear calibration for transcutaneous blood glucose sensing using Raman spectroscopy (2011)

While Raman spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for noninvasive and real time diagnostics of biological samples, its translation to the clinical setting has been impeded by the lack of robustness of spectroscopic calibration models and the size and cumbersome nature of conventional laboratory Raman systems. Linear multivariate calibration models employing full spectrum analysis are often misled by spurious correlations, such as system drift and covariations among constituents. In addition, such calibration schemes are prone to overfitting, especially in the presence of external interferences that may create nonlinearities in the spectra-concentration relationship. To address both of these issues we incorporate residue error plot-based wavelength selection and nonlinear support vector regression (SVR). Wavelength selection is used to eliminate uninformative regions of the spectrum, while SVR is used to model the curved effects such as those created by tissue turbidity and temperature fluctuations. Using glucose detection in tissue phantoms as a representative example, we show that even a substantial reduction in the number of wavelengths analyzed using SVR lead to calibration models of equivalent prediction accuracy as linear full spectrum analysis. Further, with clinical datasets obtained from human subject studies, we also demonstrate the prospective applicability of the selected wavelength subsets without sacrificing prediction accuracy, which has extensive implications for calibration maintenance and transfer. Additionally, such wavelength selection could substantially reduce the collection time of serial Raman acquisition systems. Given the reduced footprint of serial Raman systems in relation to conventional dispersive Raman spectrometers, we anticipate that the incorporation of wavelength selection in such hardware designs will enhance the possibility of miniaturized clinical systems for disease diagnosis in the near future.
Inhibition of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism by 3-substituted thiolane 1-oxides (1985)

3-Substituted thiolane 1-oxides (methyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, and phenyl) were prepared and tested as inhibitors of horse, monkey, and rat liver alcohol dehydrogenases and of ethanol metabolism in rats. These compounds inhibit alcohol oxidation in an uncompetitive manner with respect to ethanol as a varied substrate. Lengthening the alkyl substituent increased the inhibitory potency because of tighter binding in the hydrophobic substrate binding pocket of the alcohol dehydrogenases. Thus, the 3-hexyl derivative was the most potent inhibitor of the purified rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase, with a Kii value of 0.13 microM. The 3-butyl derivative was the best inhibitor of ethanol metabolism in rats, with a Kii value of 11 mumol/kg. The acute toxicity in mice of the butyl derivative was 1.4 mmol/kg. Since high concentrations of alcohol do not prevent the inhibitory effects of these compounds, they may be particularly useful for preventing poisoning by methanol or ethylene glycol.