gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why are autism and the fragile-X syndrome associated? Conceptual and methodological issues. (1991)

Investigations of the association between autism and the fragile-X syndrome have yielded conflicting results with some studies indicating a strong correlation and others indicating no relation between the disorders. In this paper, we review the relevant research on this controversy and discuss the conceptual and methodological problems involved in such an inquiry. We conclude that autism and fragile X are associated and that this relation will prove fruitful in understanding the role of the X chromosome in a variety of behavior disorders and in unraveling various theoretical accounts on the etiology of autism.
Evaluation for Diaphragm's Deflection for Touch Mode MEMS Pressure Sensors (2011)

Abstract: In this paper, an analytical and simulation solution for touch mode Micro-electromechanical systems pressure sensor operating in harsh environment is proposed. The principle of the paper is to design, obtain analytical solution and compare the results with the simulation using finite elements analysis for a circular diaphragm deflection before and after touch point. By looking at MEMS devices, when the diaphragm starts touching the fixed electrode by applying loads, it will have a major effect on the overall performance of the device. Therefore, one should consider the effect of touch mode in the system to achieve good linearity, large operating pressure range and large overload protection at output. As of so far the effect of touch mode has not been evaluated efficiently in the literatures. The proposed touch mode MEMS capacitive pressure sensor demonstrated diaphragm with radius of 180 µ m, the gap depth of 0.5 µ m and the sensor exhibit a linear response with pressure from 0.05 Mpa to 2 Mpa.
Quadcopter-Projected In-Situ Navigation Cues for Improved Location Awareness (2018)

Every day people rely on navigation systems when exploring unknown urban areas. Many navigation systems use multimodal feedback like visual, auditory or tactile cues. Although other systems exist, users mostly rely on a visual navigation using their smartphone. However, a problem with visual navigation systems is that the users have to shift their attention to the navigation system and then map the instructions to the real world. We suggest using in-situ navigation instructions that are presented directly in the environment by augmenting the reality using a projector-quadcopter. Through a user study with 16 participants, we show that using in-situ instructions for navigation leads to a significantly higher ability to observe real-world points of interest. Further, the participants enjoyed following the projected navigation cues.
Stressing Mitosis to Death (2014)

The final stage of cell division (mitosis), involves the compaction of the duplicated genome into chromatid pairs. Each pair is captured by microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, aligned at the metaphase plate, and then faithfully segregated to form two identical daughter cells. Chromatids that are not correctly attached to the spindle are detected by the constitutively active spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Any stress that prevents correct bipolar spindle attachment, blocks the satisfaction of the SAC, and induces a prolonged mitotic arrest, providing the cell time to obtain attachment and complete segregation correctly. Unfortunately, during mitosis repairing damage is not generally possible due to the compaction of DNA into chromosomes, and subsequent suppression of gene transcription and translation. Therefore, in the presence of significant damage cell death is instigated to ensure that genomic stability is maintained. While most stresses lead to an arrest in mitosis, some promote premature mitotic exit, allowing cells to bypass mitotic cell death. This mini-review will focus on the effects and outcomes that common stresses have on mitosis, and how this impacts on the efficacy of mitotic chemotherapies.
Interaction Between Pulsed Laser and Materials (2011)

The research on laser-matter interaction can bridge the gap between practical problems and applications of lasers, which offers an important way to study material properties and to understand intrinsic microstructure of materials. The laser irradiation-induced effects on materials refer to numerous aspects, including optical, electromagnetic, thermodynamic, biological changes in material properties. The laser-matter interaction is an interdisciplinary and complicated subject When the material is irradiated with lasers, the laser energy will be firstly transformed into electronic excitation energy and then transferred to lattices of materials through collisions between electrons and lattices. The deposition of laser energy will produce a series of effects, such as temperature rise, gasification and ionization. The physical processes of interactions between lasers and matters can be grouped into linear and nonlinear responses of materials to laser pulses, namely thermal effects, nonlinear interactions, laser plasma effects and so forth This chapter aims at analyzing the abovementioned major effects due to laser irradiation.
Microwave response of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes (2004)

Microwave response of individual multiwall carbon nanotubes was studied at low temperatures. With the irradiation of $75--94\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$ microwave, the slope of DC current--voltage characteristics change significantly, giving rise to enhanced linear-response conductance. The microwave power dependence of the linear conductance can be explained in terms of the photon-assisted transport. We have also observed some anomalous dip of the conductance at low microwave power.
Summary of the International Symposium and Workshop on Infections Due to Verocytotoxin (Shiga-Like Toxin)-Producing Escherichia coli (1988)

Journal Article Summary of the International Symposium and Workshop on Infections Due to Verocytotoxin (Shiga-Like Toxin)-Producing Escherichia coli Get access Robert Edelman, Robert Edelman Clinical and Epidemiological Studies Branch and the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Microbiology, University of Toronto, and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Robert Edelman, Building 31, Room 7A52, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mohamed A. Karmali, Mohamed A. Karmali Clinical and Epidemiological Studies Branch and the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Microbiology, University of Toronto, and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter A. Fleming Peter A. Fleming Clinical and Epidemiological Studies Branch and the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and the Department of Microbiology, University of Toronto, and the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 5, May 1988, Pages 1102–1104, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.5.1102 Published: 01 May 1988 Article history Received: 19 October 1987 Revision received: 30 November 1987 Published: 01 May 1988
Fatal feature (2018)

In response to James McKenzie's Transactions column "Fusion dreams" (July p16), in which he wonders whether a commercial approach will bring a practical fusion reactor to the market sooner.
Ensuring Fairness in Machine Learning to Advance Health Equity (2018)

Machine learning is used increasingly in clinical care to improve diagnosis, treatment selection, and health system efficiency. Because machine-learning models learn from historically collected data, populations that have experienced human and structural biases in the past-called protected groups-are vulnerable to harm by incorrect predictions or withholding of resources. This article describes how model design, biases in data, and the interactions of model predictions with clinicians and patients may exacerbate health care disparities. Rather than simply guarding against these harms passively, machine-learning systems should be used proactively to advance health equity. For that goal to be achieved, principles of distributive justice must be incorporated into model design, deployment, and evaluation. The article describes several technical implementations of distributive justice-specifically those that ensure equality in patient outcomes, performance, and resource allocation-and guides clinicians as to when they should prioritize each principle. Machine learning is providing increasingly sophisticated decision support and population-level monitoring, and it should encode principles of justice to ensure that models benefit all patients.
SPATIAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF FUSION OF DIFFERENT RESOLUTION IMAGES (2000)

Spatial quality and spectral quality are the two important indexes that are used to evaluate the quality of any fused image. Most of the existing methods for this purpose, however, considered only the spectral quality except for that proposed by Zhou et al., while the latter cannot be used to compare directly the spatial resolution between the fused image and original high-resolution. A new spatial quality assessment approach was presented in the paper based on the blur parameter estimation. It is based fact that the blur parameter, which is a measure of the spread of the sensor’s point spread function (PSF), characterizes the spatial resolution of the sensor image. The merged images derived from IHS, PCA, HPF, and AWL methods are compared in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed spatial quality measure. Experimental results demonstrate that the spatial quality measure based on the blur parameter is more efficient in judging spatial quality of the fused image. The blur parameter is an objective quality measure based on a basic optical mechanism and thus can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various processing or fusion schemes in terms of spatial quality of the fused image. It is also shown that the spatial resolution of the fused images can not completely match with the same spatial resolution of the high-resolution panchromatic image. The proposed approach is based upon simple concepts, easy to understand and easy to implement and use.
Fast rise of broadly cross-reactive antibodies after boosting long-lived human memory B cells primed by an MF59 adjuvanted prepandemic vaccine (2009)

Proactive priming before the next pandemic could induce immune memory responses to novel influenza antigens. In an open-label study, we analyzed B cell memory and antibody responses of 54 adults who received 2 7.5-microg doses of MF59-adjuvanted A/Vietnam/1194/2004 clade 1 (H5N1) vaccine. Twenty-four subjects had been previously primed with MF59-adjuvanted or plain clade 0-like A/duck/Singapore/1997 (H5N3) vaccine during 1999-2001. The prevaccination frequency of circulating memory B cells reactive to A/Vietnam/1194/2004 was low in both primed and unprimed individuals. However, at day 21 after boosting, MF59-adjuvanted primed subjects displayed a higher frequency of H5N1-specific memory B cells than plain-primed or unprimed subjects. The immune memory was rapidly mobilized by a single vaccine administration and resulted in high titers of neutralizing antibodies to antigenically diverse clade 0, 1, and 2 H5N1 viruses already at day 7. In general, postvaccination antibody titers were significantly higher in primed subjects than in unprimed subjects. Subjects primed with MF59-adjuvanted vaccine responded significantly better than those primed with plain vaccine, most notably in early induction and duration of cross-reacting antibody responses. After 6 months, high titers of cross-reactive antibody remained detectable among MF59-primed subjects. We conclude that distant priming with clade 0-like H5N3 induces a pool of cross-reactive memory B cells that can be boosted rapidly years afterward by a mismatched MF59-adjuvanted vaccine to generate high titers of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies rapidly. These results suggest that pre-pandemic vaccination strategies should be considered.
Effect of Trace Elements on the Electrolytic Production of  NF 3 (1997)

The effects of metallic impurities added and dissolved from the structure of the cell on the current efficiencies for formation and the overall generation of anode gas, and on the consumption of the nickel anode were studied in molten at 120°C by galvanostatic electrolysis. A mixed gas composed of and with a small amount of , and was liberated at the nickel anode during electrolysis at 25 mA/cm2. The current efficiencies for formation and the overall generation of anode gas under steady‐state conditions depended on the structural material, i.e., the current efficiency of the copper cell was high compared with those of the steel and nickel cells. On the other hand the current loss caused by the anodic dissolution of nickel in the copper cell was larger than that in the steel and nickel cells Water in the melt retarded not only the anode consumption but also the current efficiency for formation. Although the addition of complexes such as and in the melt was effective for minimizing the anode consumption, the formation was affected seriously. Therefore, we estimate that the allowable contents of and in the melt should be no more than 0.06 and 0.03 mole percent, respectively.
Helper T-cell clones that recognize autologous insulin are stimulated in nonresponder mice by pork insulin. (1988)

Murine antibody responses to various species of insulin are under major histocompatibility complex-linked Ir gene control. Beef insulin differs from pork insulin by only two amino acids in the A-chain loop, yet strain C57BL/10 (B10) mice produce insulin-specific antibodies after immunization with beef insulin and fail to produce antibody after stimulation with pork insulin. Nevertheless, pork insulin primes helper T cells in B10 mice that can be demonstrated if insulin-specific Lyt-1-, -2+ suppressor T cells are removed. Not only do the pork insulin-primed helper and suppressor T cells cross-react with autologous insulin, but also rat insulin (the amino acid sequence of which is identical to mouse insulin) elicits functionally identical helper and suppressor T cells. In this report, we demonstrate that in B10 mice the frequency of helper T cells stimulated by pork insulin is equivalent to that stimulated by beef insulin and that helper T-cell clones induced by beef and pork insulin are major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cells that proliferate, produce lymphokines, and provide helper activity after activation. These helper T-cell clones exhibit different antigenic fine specificities: beef insulin-induced clones respond to beef insulin but not pork or autologous insulin, whereas pork insulin-induced clones cross-react with all species of insulin tested, including rat insulin. In addition, the helper activity of cloned pork insulin-specific T cells is abrogated by pork insulin-primed suppressor T cells. These data support the hypotheses that Ir gene control of antibody responses to certain antigens involves mechanisms used for maintenance of self-tolerance.
The role of dormant sites in propene polymerization using methylalumoxane activated metallocene catalysts (1995)

Abstract Propene polymerization of methylalumoxane (MAO) activated rac ‐Me 2 Si(Benz[e]Indenyl) 2 ZrCl 2 ( BI ) and rac ‐Me 2 Si(2‐Me‐Benz[e]Indenyl) 2 ZrCl 2 ( MBI ) was studied to investigate the influence of the ligand substitution pattern and the role of dormant sites. Poly(propene) end group composition as well as regio‐ and stereoirregularities were examined by means of 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. Dormant sites, resulting from 2, 1‐propene insertion, were reactivated either by β‐hydrogen transfer to propene, yielding 2‐butenyl end groups, or by 1, 2‐insertion of propene, yielding regioirregularities. Propene polymerization in the presence of hydrogen gave n‐butyl end groups and less regioirregularities as expected for hydrogenolysis of such dormant sites. Methyl substitution in 2‐position of the benz[e]indenyl ligand suppressed β‐hydrogen transfer to propene, and increased molecular weight with increasing propene concentration. Also, activation energy increased from 30 kJ/mol ( BI /MAO) to 59 kJ/mol ( MBI /MAO). For both catalysts activity depended on propene concentration. The order of reaction relative to propene was 1.7.
Amplification strategies in MR imaging: Activation and accumulation of sensing contrast agents (SCAs) (2006)

We review new strategies for the development of Gd3+-based T1-relaxation agents and paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) "sensing" contrast agents (SCAs) designed specifically to detect small molecules or enzymatic activity in living systems. The first class of agents exhibits molecular "sensing" properties as a result of water coordination sphere effects, cleavage, or synthesis of reactive precursor compounds that recombine with macromolecules with the resultant formation of immobilized or rotationally constrained paramagnetic cations. This effect results in changes of water proton relaxation times. The second class (PARACEST) comprises a family of lanthanide-based paramagnetic compounds suitable for CEST imaging. The need for both types of MR agents is justified by efforts to utilize magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize fine structures in living tissue, and to increase the molecular specificity of MRI.
A single chip radix-2 FFT butterfly architecture using parallel data distributed arithmetic (1984)

It is shown how distributed arithmetic techniques can be applied in parallel-data arithmetic computations to achieve highly regular and efficient VLSI structures on silicon. Two individual arithmetic processor chips are described as examples of the technique. The chips described, which are intended primarily for computation of the FFT butterfly, each contain the functional equivalence of two parallel pipelined multipliers. The first chip is an 8-bit prototype device which has been designed and fabricated on a standard 5-/spl mu/m silicon-gate n-channel MOS process. The second chip is a 16-bit CMOS-SOS design which uses a modified architecture to achieve higher clocking rates and improved versatility in systems use.
Capsaicin Is a Novel Blocker of Constitutive and Interleukin-6–Inducible STAT3 Activation (2007)

Overall, these results suggest that capsaicin is a novel blocker of the STAT3 activation pathway, with a potential role in the prevention and treatment of multiple myeloma and other cancers.
القوة الناعمة لبرامج التلفزيون الحوارية في تهديد السلم الاهلي (2022)

اصبح لوسائل الاعلام دور حيوي واساسي في محاكاة واقع الحياة بمجملها ومنها الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية ، اذ تعتمد معطيات التطور التكنولوجي المتسارع للوسائل الاعلامية على توظيف برمجيات التواصل الاجتماعي ومواقع شبكة المعلومات العالمية والبث الفضائي التلفزيوني ،التي تتجاوز حدود الزمان والمكان والمساهمة في بناء الرأي العام و توجهاته مع تبني معالجات اعلامية ، تعتمد الاقناع والامتاع الفكري كرؤى استباقية بأثر ذو حدين بالسلب والايجاب توظف فيها القوة الناعمة ودعايتها في تهديدها للسلم الاهلي المجتمعي ، اذ تعد وعاءا لحمل رؤى فلسفية وفكرية تعالج فنيا وجماليا لتوظيف المعطيات المتعددة وادواتها لصنع اهداف منتقاة ممنهجة لقدرتها على حيازة خصائص تقنية ومعرفية وفكرية تمنحها القدرة على الغور والتتبع تعبيريا وادراكيا ، بالتعاضد مع معطيات عناصر الصورة السينماتوغرافية المميزة بأبعاد تمنح الدلالات التعبيرية والجمالية ، في تحقيق الهدف للمتلقي . وتتمثل اشكالية البحث في كيفيات معالجة الدلالات في برامج التلفزيون الحوارية عبر وسائط التعبير لتحقيق معطيات القوة الناعمة الاستباقية في تهديدها السلم الاهلي ؟ وتتمثل أهمية البحث في موضوع يتبوأ مكانة متقدمة كونه أداة بناء بمغزى وهدف وفقا لمعالجات توظيف البرامج التلفزيونية الحوارية وعناصر الوسيط ، كقوة ناعمة تهدد السلم الاهلي و يهدف إلى التعرف على آلياتها ومعطياتها الاستباقية وخلص البحث بعد تحليل عيناته وفقا لمؤشرات الاطار النظري لنتائج ومنها تتجسد العلاقة بين البناء السردي للبرنامج التلفزيوني الحواري خلال علاقة ضمنية كمجموعة من المتجاورات والاتجاهات المتبادلة تسهم في ان تكون قوة ناعمة مهددة للسلم الاهلي المجتمعي او داعمة له.
Crystal Structure Revision and Identification of Li<sup>+</sup>-Ion Migration Pathways in the Garnet-like Li<sub>5</sub>La<sub>3</sub>M<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (M = Nb, Ta) Oxides (2004)

Bond valence sums for the ion positions in single-crystal structure data of the garnet-like fast lithium ion conductors Li5La3M2O12 (M = Nb, Ta) exhibit unusually large deviations from the ideal valences. The root-mean-square bond valence mismatch (commonly termed “global instability index” GII) and the chemical plausibility of the structure model can be significantly improved by optimizing the light atoms (oxygen and lithium) positions using a bond valence mismatch minimization procedure in the previously suggested space group I213 or its centrosymmetric counterpart Ia3̄. Possible pathways for lithium ion migration in Li5La3M2O12 are identified by a bond valence analysis. Li-bond valence mismatch isosurface models for Li+-ion transport pathways are found to be nearly the same in both compounds Li5La3Nb2O12 and Li5La3Ta2O12. The characteristic feature of the three-dimensional Li+-ion pathway network is a nonplanar square of partially occupied Li sites.
Mode-converters for rectangular-core fiber amplifiers to achieve diffraction-limited power scaling (2012)

A rectangular-core (ribbon) fiber that guides and amplifies a single higher-order-mode (HOM) can potentially scale to much higher average powers than what is possible in traditional circular-core large-mode-area fibers. Such an amplifier would require mode-conversion at the input to enable interfacing with seed sources that typically output TEM(00) mode radiation and at the output to generate diffraction-limited radiation for end-user applications. We present the first simulation and experimental results of a mode conversion technique that uses two diffractive-optic-elements in conjugate Fourier planes to convert a diffraction limited TEM(00) mode to the HOM of a ribbon fiber. Mode-conversion-efficiency is approximately 84% and can theoretically approach 100%. We also demonstrate a mode-converter system that converts a single HOM of a ribbon fiber back to a diffraction-limited TEM(00) mode. Conversion efficiency is a record 80.5%.