gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase-Sensitive Flow Cytometry: New Technology For Analyzing Biochemical, Functional, and Structural Features in Fluorochrome-Labeled Cells/Particles (1994)

Flow cytometry (FCM) instruments rapidly measure biochemical, functional, and cytological properties of individual cells and macromolecular components, e.g., chromosomes, for clinical diagnostic medicine and biomedical and environmental research applications. These measurements are based on labeling cells with multiple fluorochromes for correlated analysis of macromolecules, such as, DNA, RNA, protein, and cell-surface receptors. In addition to utilizing the spectral emission properties of fluorescent markers, i.e., different colors/intensities, to measure specific cellular features, the excited state lifetimes also can provide a means to discriminate among the different fluorochromes. A new FCM approach, based on phase-resolved fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy methods (Vesoelova et al , 1970, Lakowicz and Cherek, 1981), recently has been developed to provide unique capabilities for separating signals from multiple overlapping emissions in fluorochrome-labeled cells as they pass across a modulated laser excitation source (Steinkamp and Crissman, 1993). In addition, the measurement of fluorescence lifetime (Pinsky et al , 1993, Steinkamp et al , 1993) also is of importance because it provides information about fluorophore/cell interactions. An important advantage of lifetime measurements is that lifetimes in some case can be considered as absolute quantities. However, the lifetime of fluorophores bound to cellular macromolecules can be influenced by physical and chemical factors near the binding site, such as solvent polarity, cations, pH, energy transfer, excited-state reactions, and quenching. Thus, lifetime measurements can be used to probe the cellular environment, possibly including chemical and structure changes that occur in DNA and chromatin. Table I lists the lifetimes of some typical fluorochromes that are used to quantify cellular DNA, total protein, and antibody-labeling to cellular antigens.
BigBand: GHz-Wide Sensing and Decoding on Commodity Radios (2013)

The goal of this paper is to make sensing and decoding GHz of spectrum simple, cheap, and low power. Our thesis is simple: if we can build a technology that captures GHz of spectrum using commodity Wi-Fi radios, it will have the right cost and power budget to enable a variety of new applications such as GHz-widedynamic access and concurrent decoding of diverse technologies. This vision will change today s situation where only expensive power-hungry spectrum analyzers can capture GHz-wide spectrum. Towards this goal, the paper harnesses the sparse Fourier transform to compute the frequency representation of a sparse signal without sampling it at full bandwidth. The paper makes the following contributions. First, it presents BigBand, a receiver that can sense and decode a sparse spectrum wider than its own digital bandwidth. Second, it builds a prototype of its design using 3 USRPs that each samples the spectrum at 50 MHz, producing a device that captures 0.9 GHz -- i.e., 6x larger bandwidth than the three USRPs combined. Finally, it extends its algorithm to enable spectrum sensing in scenarios where the spectrum is not sparse.
Machine-learning Algorithm to Predict Hypotension Based on High-fidelity Arterial Pressure Waveform Analysis (2018)

The results demonstrate that a machine-learning algorithm can be trained, with large data sets of high-fidelity arterial waveforms, to predict hypotension in surgical patients' records.
Switching on a Signaling Pathway with an Organoruthenium Complex (2005)

Like an organic molecule! A chemically inert ruthenium complex acts as a metallopharmaceutic inhibitor of the protein kinase GSK-3 by targeting its ATP-binding site. It is shown to switch on the Wnt signal transduction pathway inside living cells and in Xenopus embryos, which developed a hyperdorsalized phenotype (see picture, top; bottom: control specimen) on administration of the complex. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z462501_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Novel algorithm for earth-fault location in compensated MV-networks (2013)

This paper presents a novel earth-fault location algorithm, which enables the estimation of the earth-fault distance in compensated MV-networks. The novelty of the algorithm is that the fault location can be calculated with reduced number of settings compared to prior-art methods. This improves the practical usability and accuracy of the earthfault location. The key idea of the novel algorithm is to provide a set of equations based on an equivalent circuit valid for singlephase earth fault so that for the first time four unknown variables can be determined, that is, the fault distance and fault resistance, but also the conductance and susceptance parts of the shunt admittance of the protected line. Until now it has been mandatory to give the shunt admittance value of the protected line as a setting to enable impedance based fault location computation in compensated MV-networks. With the suggested algorithm the earth-fault distance can be estimated without setting the shunt admittance value, although its influence is included in the method. In the paper, the basic theory of modeling the phase-to-earth fault loop and the challenges related to it are shortly reviewed first. Secondly, the theory of the novel algorithm is introduced. Finally, the performance of the novel algorithm is compared to one of the prior-art solutions. This is done using data from comprehensive field tests conducted in a typical rural 20 kV overhead line network with central compensation. The results clearly demonstrate the significance of the shunt admittance parameter in providing meaningful results when the prior-art methods are used. The results also show that the novel algorithm extends the application of computational fault location in terms of fault resistance from solid earth faults into low-impedance earth faults. However, the practically achievable maximum fault resistance of an earth fault that can be located with adequate accuracy is limited e.g. by the practical measurement accuracy of the whole measurement chain including the measurement transformers and the IED.
Cannabidiol for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host-Disease after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Results of a Phase II Study (2015)

Graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is a major obstacle to successful allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotropic ingredient of Cannabis sativa, possesses potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. We hypothesized that CBD may decrease GVHD incidence and severity after alloHCT. We conducted a phase II study. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and a short course of methotrexate. Patients transplanted from an unrelated donor were given low-dose anti-T cell globulin. CBD 300 mg/day was given orally starting 7 days before transplantation until day 30. Forty-eight consecutive adult patients undergoing alloHCT were enrolled. Thirty-eight patients (79%) had acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome and 35 patients (73%) were given myeloablative conditioning. The donor was either an HLA-identical sibling (n = 28), a 10/10 matched unrelated donor (n = 16), or a 1-antigen-mismatched unrelated donor (n = 4). The median follow-up was 16 months (range, 7 to 23). No grades 3 to 4 toxicities were attributed to CBD. None of the patients developed acute GVHD while consuming CBD. In an intention-to-treat analysis, we found that the cumulative incidence rates of grades II to IV and grades III to IV acute GVHD by day 100 were 12.1% and 5%, respectively. Compared with 101 historical control subjects given standard GVHD prophylaxis, the hazard ratio of developing grades II to IV acute GVHD among subjects treated with CBD plus standard GVHD prophylaxis was .3 (P = .0002). Rates of nonrelapse mortality at 100 days and at 1 year after transplantation were 8.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Among patients surviving more than 100 days, the cumulative incidences of moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD at 12 and 18 months were 20% and 33%, respectively. The combination of CBD with standard GVHD prophylaxis is a safe and promising strategy to reduce the incidence of acute GVHD. A randomized double-blind controlled study is warranted. (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01385124).
On saliency enhancement of salient pole wound field synchronous machines (2016)

Salient pole wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs) share similar torque characteristics as permanent magnet (PM) machines, but are free of permanent magnet material since a wound rotor winding instead generates the required field flux. In addition to cost advantages, the rotor field flux is readily varied making these machines attractive for traction and generator applications. This paper introduces flux barrier structure on rotor design to improve the saliency and thus the torque production of a conventional synchronous machine. Analysis are done using both dq-equivalent circuit model and finite element (FE) calculations. Flux barrier width is carefully tuned in FE analysis. Comparison is made to a conventional salient pole structure whereby a steady state torque improvement is achieved at rated to high stator current, and total loss is reduced in field weakening region.
Three-dimensional prostate ultrasound and its application to cryosurgery. (1996)

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), despite its undeniable utility in prostate imaging, employs a spatially flexible and variable 2-dimensional (2-D) imaging technique to visualize a 3-dimensional (3-D) disease process and anatomy. To circumvent some of the limitations of 2-D TRUS, 3-D TRUS was developed. The system consists of a motorized assembly (to hold a standard ultrasound transducer) and a computer with a video frame grabber. The microcomputer, using software developed in our laboratory, rapidly reconstructs a series of linear ultrasound images into a 3-D image. The 3-D TRUS technology has been incorporated into our program for cryoablation of the prostate. With intraoperative 3-D TRUS providing a unique coronal view, cryoprobe placement is facilitated to detect malalignment and avoid subsequent suboptimal cryoablation. In our use of 3-D TRUS guidance, in all 21 initial patients, probe malalignment, otherwise not apparent on standard 2-D TRUS, was detected and corrected before cryosurgery. With median follow-up of just < 1 year, only 2 of 44 biopsy cores (from the same site of 1 patient) were positive at 3 and 6 months. 3-D TRUS appears to be a valuable adjunctive tool in prostate imaging, especially in providing guidance for cryoblation of prostate cancer.
Fully automatic liver segmentation for contrast-enhanced CT images (2007)

Abstract. The need for fast and precise segmentation has increased recently due to the spread of systems for computer aided diagnosis and therapy planning. The manual segmentation of the liver is very time consuming, so it is desired to develop a method that can precisely segment the liver without any human interaction. In this paper we propose a fully automatic method for liver segmentation on contrast-enhanced (portal venous) CT images. Our method is essentially an advanced regiongrowing the result of that is improved by various pre- and post-processing steps, like intensity based ROI detection, separation of liver and heart, additional segmentation at the right lung lobe, vessel (IVC) removal, and cavity filling. According to our experiments the method can efficiently segment the liver parenchyma in many cases, however, in some cases the result may exclude very large lesions. 1
Blood Occludin Level as a Potential Biomarker for Early Blood Brain Barrier Damage Following Ischemic Stroke (2017)

Concern about intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the primary reason for withholding tPA therapy from patients with ischemic stroke. Early blood brain barrier (BBB) damage is the major risk factor for fatal post-thrombolysis ICH, but rapidly assessing BBB damage before tPA administration is highly challenging. We recently reported that ischemia induced rapid degradation of tight junction protein occludin in cerebromicrovessels. The present study investigates whether the cleaved occludin is released into the blood stream and how blood occludin levels correlate to the extent of BBB damage using a rat model of ischemic stroke. Cerebral ischemia induced a time-dependent increase of blood occludin with a sharp increase at 4.5-hour post-ischemia onset, which concurrently occurred with the loss of occludin from ischemic cerebral microvessels and a massive BBB leakage at 4.5-hour post-ischemia. Two major occludin fragments were identified in the blood during cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, blood occludin levels remained significantly higher than its basal level within the first 24 hours after ischemia onset. Our findings demonstrate that blood occludin levels correlate well with the extent of BBB damage and thus may serve as a clinically relevant biomarker for evaluating the risk of ICH before tPA administration.
Preactivated Oxazaphosphorines Designed for Isophosphoramide Mustard Delivery as Bulk Form or Nanoassemblies: Synthesis and Proof of Concept (2014)

Oxazaphosphorines are alkylating agents used in routine clinical practices for treatment of cancer for many years. They are antitumor prodrugs that require cytochrome P450 bioactivation leading to 4-hydroxy derivatives. In the case of ifosfamide (IFO), the bioactivation produces two toxic metabolites: acrolein, a urotoxic compound, concomitantly generated with the isophosphoramide mustard; and chloroacetaldehyde, a neurotoxic and nephrotoxic compound, arising from the oxidation of the side chains. To improve the therapeutic index of IFO, we have designed preactivated IFO derivatives with the covalent binding of several O- and S-alkyl moieties including polyisoprenoid groups at the C-4 position of the oxazaphosphorine ring to avoid cytochrome bioactivation favoring the release of the active entity and limiting the chloroacetaldehyde release. Thanks to the grafted terpene moieties, some of these new conjugates demonstrated spontaneous self-assembling properties into nanoassemblies when dispersed in water. The cytotoxic activities on a panel of human tumor cell lines of these novel oxazaphosphorines, in bulk form or as nanoassemblies, and the release of 4-hydroxy-IFO from these preactivated IFO analogues in plasma are reported.
Synthesis and physiochemical properties of sulfamate derivatives as topical antiglaucoma agents (1992)

Several imidazolylphenyl sulfamate and (imidazolylphenoxy)alkyl sulfamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Water solubility, pKa, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, and partition coefficient for the compounds were measured. Sulfamic acid 2-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenoxy]ethyl ester monohydrochloride (16) has the best combination of properties and showed excellent topical activity in lowering the intraocular pressure in New Zealand white rabbits.
Synthesis, Affinity for Complementary RNA and DNA, and Enzymatic Stability of Triazole-Linked Locked Nucleic Acids (t-LNAs) (2018)

Dinucleoside phosphoramidites containing a triazole internucleotide linkage flanked by locked nucleic acid (LNA) were synthesized and incorporated into oligonucleotides (ONs). ONs bearing both LNA and triazole at multiple sites were obtained and their biophysical properties including enzymatic stability and binding affinity for RNA and DNA targets were studied. t-LNAs with four incorporations of a dinucleoside monomer having LNA on either side of the triazole linkage bind to their RNA target with significantly higher affinity and greater specificity than unmodified oligonucleotides, and are remarkably stable to nuclease degradation. A similar but reduced effect on enzymatic stability and binding affinity was noted for LNA only on the 3'-side of the triazole linkage. Thus, by combining unnatural triazole linkages and LNA in one unit (t-LNA), we produced a promising class of ONs with reduced anionic charge and potential for antisense applications.
Unified Messaging using SIP and RTSP (2000)

Traditional answering machines and voice mail services are closed systems, tightly coupled to a single end system,the local PBX or local exchange carrier. Even simple services, such as forwarding voice mail to another user outside the local system, are hard to provide. With the advent of Internet telephony, we need to provide voice and video mail services. This also offers the opportunity to address some of the shortcomings of existing voice mail systems. We list general requirements for a multimedia mail system for Internet telephony. We then propose an architecture using SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) and compare various alternative approaches to solving call forwarding, reclaiming and retrieval of messages. We also briefly describe our prototype implementation.
Holographic velocimeter for the detection of high amplitude vibrations on rough surfaces (2003)

We present a new holographic vibrometer based on dynamic holograms written in a GaAs crystal. It measures the instantaneous velocity of a vibrating target even with a rough surface. It is adapted to the measurement of high amplitude (as high as some mm) low frequency (until some 10 kHz) vibrations.
A novel process for methanol synthesis. [Concurrent sythesis of methly formate and methanol] (1992)

A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol (MeOH) by a novel process. In previous reports, we provided evidence for a two-step reaction in series, the carbonylation reaction taking place mainly in a non-equilibrium region in the vicinity of the copper chromite surface, and the hydrogenolysis reaction taking place on the surface of the copper chromite. Interaction between the two catalysts enhances the rate of methanol formation. In this quarter, we investigated the effect of pore diffusion on reaction rate and obtained an expression for the rate of reaction for the methanol/methyl formate concurrent synthesis.
Purification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae surface L-antigen (1977)

A purified preparation of the L-antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a 40-fold increase of antigenic activity over the crude extract was prepared. The antigen was extracted from the cell envelope by mild treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and purified by Sepharose 4B, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and diethyl-(2-hydroxypropyl)aminoethyl (QAE)-Sephadex column chromatography. The purified antigen was heat labile and trypsin sensitive. The smallest antigenically active subunit appeared to have a molecular weight of 38,500, as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the product incubated with sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Real time speaking rate monitoring system (2011)

The rate at which we speak has a bearing on its comprehensibility and is important in recent times with mushrooming call center operations. An optimal speaking rate is one that is neither too fast not it is too slow. A fast spoken speech makes conversation unintelligible while a slower speaking rate speech makes the conversation boring. Speaking rate definitely varies depending on the emotional state of the person when s/he is speaking but more specifically regional and cultural influences the speaking rate. With the growth in call centers, especially the ones that cater to a different geography, it has become important to have systems that can continuously and in real time monitor the speaking rate of a call center agent when s/he is in conversation. A constant monitoring assists in the agent speaking at the desired rate with a customer in a different geography. In this paper, we develop a speaking rate monitoring system that can assist the agent to speak at an optimal speaking rate.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a recombinant Histoplasma capsulatum antigen for antibody-based diagnosis of human histoplasmosis (1997)

Immunological cross-reactivity among fungi has hampered the development of specific serodiagnostic assays for histoplasmosis. We report the molecular cloning and characterization of a Histoplasma capsulatum cDNA (GH17) that encodes an antigen with immunodiagnostic potential. GH17 is an 810-bp cDNA which encodes a protein of 211 amino acid residues. The GH17 sequence has almost no significant homology with other sequences in GenBank. Southern blot analysis suggests that GH17 is confined to a single location in the genomic DNA of H. capsulatum. Immunoblots indicated that the protein product of GH17 (expressed as a 140-kDa beta-galactosidase fusion protein) was recognized by antibodies in 18 of 18 sera from histoplasmosis patients, but not by antibodies in sera from patients or animals infected with other fungi. GH17 was expressed in a prokaryotic expression vector, pPROEX-1, and recombinant protein was purified by preparative electrophoresis. Antibodies raised to this protein bound to a 60-kDa native antigen in immunoblots of H. capsulatum yeast antigen extract. These results suggest that GH17 encodes an H. capsulatum antigen that may be useful for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in humans.
Oligo(lactic acid)<sub><i>n</i></sub>-Paclitaxel Prodrugs for Poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>block</i>-poly(lactic acid) Micelles: Loading, Release, and Backbiting Conversion for Anticancer Activity (2016)

Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) micelles are nanocarriers for poorly water-soluble anticancer agents and have advanced paclitaxel (PTX) to humans due to drug solubilization, biocompatibility, and dose escalation. However, PEG-b-PLA micelles rapidly release PTX, resulting in widespread biodistribution and low tumor exposure. To improve delivery of PTX by PEG-b-PLA micelles, monodisperse oligo(l-lactic acid), o(LA)8 or o(LA)16, has been coupled onto PTX at the 7-OH position, forming ester prodrugs: o(LA)8-PTX and o(LA)16-PTX, respectively. As expected, o(LA)n-PTX was more compatible with PEG-b-PLA micelles than PTX, increasing drug loading from 11 to 54%. While in vitro release of PTX was rapid, resulting in precipitation, o(LA)n-PTX release was more gradual: t1/2 = 14 and 26 h for o(LA)8-PTX and o(LA)16-PTX, respectively. Notably, o(LA)8-PTX and o(LA)16-PTX in PEG-b-PLA micelles resisted backbiting chain end scission, based on reverse-phase HPLC analysis. By contrast, o(LA)8-PTX and o(LA)16-PTX degraded substantially in 1:1 acetonitrile:10 mM PBS, pH 7.4, at 37 °C, generating primarily o(LA)2-PTX. The IC50 value of o(LA)2-PTX was ∼2.3 nM for A549 human lung cancer cells, equipotent with PTX in vitro. After weekly IV injections at 20 mg/kg as PEG-b-PLA micelles, o(LA)8-PTX induced tumor regression in A549 tumor-bearing mice, whereas PTX delayed tumor growth. Surprisingly, o(LA)8-PTX caused less toxicity than PTX in terms of change in body weight. In conclusion, o(LA)n acts as a novel promoiety, undergoing backbiting conversion without a reliance on metabolizing enzymes, and o(LA)n-PTX improves PTX delivery by PEG-b-PLA micelles, providing a strong justification for clinical evaluation.