gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radio link parameter based speech quality index-SQI (2003)

Measurement of cellular speech quality has applications from equipment installation to daily network maintenance and benchmarking. The area is under development, driven by cost and lead-time of subjective listening tests. Lately, field tests has shown usability for objective speech quality methods. The new SQI-measure, based on radio link parameters is one of these methods. It is independent of transmitted signal and can provide better performance than PSQM and much better performance then RxQual, when used for network tuning. In this paper, the SQI measure is described and categorized, performance comparison figures are presented, and a motivation that speech quality is possible to estimate given radio link status is given.
Spatiotemporal Relationship Reasoning for Pedestrian Intent Prediction (2020)

Reasoning over visual data is a desirable capability for robotics and vision-based applications. Such reasoning enables forecasting the next events or actions in videos. In recent years, various models have been developed based on convolution operations for prediction or forecasting, but they lack the ability to reason over spatiotemporal data and infer the relationships of different objects in the scene. In this letter, we present a framework based on graph convolution to uncover the spatiotemporal relationships in the scene for reasoning about pedestrian intent. A scene graph is built on top of segmented object instances within and across video frames. Pedestrian intent, defined as the future action of crossing or not-crossing the street, is very crucial piece of information for autonomous vehicles to navigate safely and more smoothly. We approach the problem of intent prediction from two different perspectives and anticipate the intention-to-cross within both pedestrian-centric and location-centric scenarios. In addition, we introduce a new dataset designed specifically for autonomous-driving scenarios in areas with dense pedestrian populations: the Stanford-TRI Intent Prediction (STIP) dataset. Our experiments on STIP and another benchmark dataset show that our graph modeling framework is able to predict the intention-to-cross of the pedestrians with an accuracy of 79.10% on STIP and 79.28% on Joint Attention for Autonomous Driving (JAAD) dataset up to one second earlier than when the actual crossing happens. These results outperform baseline and previous work. Please refer to <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">http://stip.stanford.edu/</uri> for the dataset and code.
Design of an agonist-antagonist active knee prosthesis (2008)

The majority of commercial prosthetic knees are passive in nature and therefore cannot replicate the positive mechanical work exhibited by the natural human knee in early and late stance. In contrast to traditional purely dissipative prosthetic knees, we propose a biomimetic active agonist-antagonist structure designed to reproduce both positive and negative work phases of the natural joint while using series elasticity to minimize net energy consumption. We present the design and physical implementation of the active knee prosthesis prototype.
Acoustic discrimination of Parkinsonian speech using cepstral measures of articulation (2012)

The effects of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) on speech include articulatory imprecision. We quantified articulation rate and range acoustically using cepstral coefficients to represent vocal tract settings. Cepstral coefficients were extracted from 10 sentences spoken by 76 talkers, half of which were diagnosed with IPD. Articulation range was estimated for each sentence as the sum across cepstral coefficients of the standard deviation of each coefficient, and articulation rate was estimated using the same procedure, replacing cepstral coefficients with delta coefficients. The mean ± standard deviation (N = 380 sentences) for the articulation measures of range (7.95 ± 0.50 vs. 6.66 ± 0.53) and rate (5.64 ± 0.56 vs. 4.40 ± 0.46) were significantly different (t-test, p &lt; 0.001) for normal vs. IPD speech, respectively. In a leave-one-talker-out classification experiment, range accuracy was 90.1%, rate accuracy was 88.8%, and accuracy was 92.9% using a combined model of articulation range and rate. The strengths of the articulation measures include 1) sensitivity to IPD speech, 2) reliance on cepstral coefficients which have been used for over 30 years to represent speech, 3) no segmentation requirements, 4) low sensitivity to speech material, and 5) effective with only 2 seconds of speech.
Intensified charge-coupled-device-based eyetracker and image stabilizer (1992)

An electro-optical eyetracker measures eye movement to stabilize a laser beam on the fundus in one dimension. Motion is detected by laser illumination of a fundus feature. The illuminated area is imaged on an intensified linear CCD. Electronics determine the intensity centroid of this image. Centroid motion on the CCD corresponds to eye movement in one dimension. Galvanometer-controlled mirrors reposition (at a 1-kHz rate) the illuminating beam on the fundus. The same mirrors reposition the centroid at the CCD center. Additional beams are also stabilized on the fundus. For typical fixational eye movement amplitudes and frequencies the beams follow the fundus feature within +/-10 microm.
Dose and Schedule Determine Distinct Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Efficacy of the p53–MDM2 Inhibitor HDM201 (2018)

Activation of p53 by inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction is being pursued as a therapeutic strategy in p53 wild-type cancers. Here, we report distinct mechanisms by which the novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of the p53-MDM2 interaction HDM201 elicits therapeutic efficacy when applied at various doses and schedules. Continuous exposure of HDM201 led to induction of p21 and delayed accumulation of apoptotic cells. By comparison, high-dose pulses of HDM201 were associated with marked induction of PUMA and a rapid onset of apoptosis. shRNA screens identified PUMA as a mediator of the p53 response specifically in the pulsed regimen. Consistent with this, the single high-dose HDM201 regimen resulted in rapid and marked induction of PUMA expression and apoptosis together with downregulation of Bcl-xL <i>in vivo</i> Knockdown of Bcl-xL was identified as the top sensitizer to HDM201 <i>in vitro</i>, and Bcl-xL was enriched in relapsing tumors from mice treated with intermittent high doses of HDM201. These findings define a regimen-dependent mechanism by which disruption of MDM2-p53 elicits therapeutic efficacy when given with infrequent dosing. In an ongoing HDM201 trial, the observed exposure-response relationship indicates that the molecular mechanism elicited by pulse dosing is likely reproducible in patients. These data support the clinical comparison of daily and intermittent regimens of p53-MDM2 inhibitors.<b>Significance:</b> Pulsed high doses versus sustained low doses of the p53-MDM2 inhibitor HDM201 elicit a proapoptotic response from wild-type p53 cancer cells, offering guidance to current clinical trials with this and other drugs that exploit the activity of p53. <i>Cancer Res; 78(21); 6257-67. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Breaking the buildup-time limit of sensitivity in avalanche photodiodes by dynamic biasing (2015)

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are the preferred photodetectors for direct-detection, high data-rate long-haul optical telecommunications. APDs can detect low-level optical signals due to their internal amplification of the photon-generated electrical current, which is attributable to the avalanche of electron and hole impact ionizations. Despite recent advances in APDs aimed at reducing the average avalanche-buildup time, which causes intersymbol interference and compromises receiver sensitivity at high data rates, operable speeds of commercially available APDs have been limited to 10Gbps. We report the first demonstration of a dynamically biased APD that breaks the traditional sensitivity-versus-speed limit by employing a data-synchronous sinusoidal reverse-bias that drastically suppresses the average avalanche-buildup time. Compared with traditional DC biasing, the sensitivity of germanium APDs at 3Gbps is improved by 4.3 dB, which is equivalent to a 3,500-fold reduction in the bit-error rate. The method is APD-type agnostic and it promises to enable operation at rates of 25Gbps and beyond.
Active Vibration Control of Gradient Coils to Reduce Acoustic Noise of MRI Systems (2008)

Lorentz-force-induced vibrations in MRI systems cause significant acoustic noise levels during scanning, the main acoustic noise source being the vibrating gradient coil. In this paper, a novel active vibration control technique is presented to reduce vibrations of the gradient coil, and hence, achieve a reduction of acoustic noise during scanning. The active vibration control technique uses seismic masses that are actuated by means of piezo actuators to create forces on the gradient coil counteracting its vibrations. Using four seismic mass actuators, a vibration reduction of 3-8 dB at resonance frequencies is achieved, giving an overall vibration reduction of 3 dB for a typical field gradient (FE)-echo planar imaging (EPI) gradient sequence, as substantiated by measurements. Using eight actuators, an overall vibration reduction of 5 dB is predicted for this sequence.
Process Control Techniques for Laser Peening of Metals (2003)

Laser Peening also known as LasershotSM and Laser ShockTM Peening, is a surface treatment which can induce compressive stresses in metals at depths exceeding 1 mm. This produces a more damage tolerant component, which resists fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) failures better than components treated with conventional shot peening. A new Laser Peening facility was brought on line in early 2002 by MIC in Livermore, CA. This facility utilizes a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) designed solid state laser employing Neodymium doped laser glass slabs and phase conjugation technology to enable high energy & high laser repetition rate combined with excellent beam quality. Laser Peening process parameters have been identified which will impact on the final depth of compressive stresses in a metal component. Process control techniques widely utilized in conventional shot peening have been adapted for use in Laser Peening with good success. As a result, Suppliers and Users of Laser Peening have a reliable method of monitoring the critical process parameters in a manner that will lead to consistency of production operation and repeatability of end results.
<title>Phase-signature based watermarking for multimedia authentication: analysis and design</title> (2005)

In this work, we address phase-signature based digital image watermarking. The signature is extracted from the Fourier phase information of the digital media. It is then embedded in the Fourier magnitude spectrum. The detection and/or authentication is based on the well established area of phase-only filter based correlation techniques in the optics community. We propose to analyze the distortion coming out of the embedding process, model it, and eventually parameterize it so that optimal embedding can be done by trading off with other aspects of watermarking. It will be shown why permutation like functions facilitate the signature embedding process by minimizing the embedding degradation.
The genetic determinants of the CYP3A5 polymorphism (2001)

CYP3A proteins comprise a significant portion of the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) protein and they metabolize around 50% of drugs currently in use. The dissection of the individual contributions of the four CYP3A genes identified in humans to overall hepatic CYP3A activity has been hampered by sequence and functional similarities. We have investigated the expression of CYP3A5 and its genetic determinants in a panel of 183 Caucasian liver samples. CYP3A5 expression is increased in 10% of livers in this ethnic group. Using a high density map of CYP3A5 variants, we searched for genetic markers of the increased CYP3A5 expression. In agreement with an independent, recent study, we report that a SNP within intron 3 (g.6986G>A) is the primary cause of the CYP3A5 protein polymorphism. The frequencies of the g.6986A variant which allow for normal splicing of CYP3A5 transcripts are 5% in Caucasians, 29% in Japanese, 27% in Chinese, 30% in Koreans and 73% in African-Americans. In the last ethnic group, the expression of CYP3A5 in some individuals who carry the g.6986A variant is affected adversely by a frame shift mutation (CYP3A5*7, D348., q = 0.10). In summary, these results should add to efforts to identify clinically relevant, CYP3A5-specific reactions and to further elucidate traits responsible for variable expression of the entire CYP3A family.
A New Resonant Gate Driver with Two Half Bridge Structures for Both Top Switch and Bottom Switch (2007)

To reduce gate driving losses caused by high switching frequency operation, a new resonant gate driver for driving both top switch and bottom switch is presented in this paper. This new gate drive circuit has a simple two-half-bridge structure. A coupled inductor is used for energy circulation between gates of switches and also works as a voltage-boost transformer. It is more interesting that it also can be extended to drive two MOSFETs with common ground. Theoretical and simulation results prove operation and driving loss saving efficiency of the proposed resonant gate drive circuit.
Neutron TOF Experiments Using Transparent Rubber Sheet Type Neutron Detector with Dispersed Small Pieces of LiCaAlF6 Scintillator (2014)

We developed a new type of neutron detector using a transparent rubber sheet in which small pieces of Eu doped LiCaAlF6 scintillator are dispersed. We demonstrate that the proposed rubber sheet type neutron detector can show a clear neutron absorption peak in the pulse height spectrum and can easily eliminate gamma-ray events with pulse height discrimination in neutron TOF experiments at the 45 MeV electron Linac facility of Hokkaido University.
Molecular and Physiological Evidence for Glutamate (Umami) Taste Transduction via a G Protein‐Coupled Receptor<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Recent molecular analyses have demonstrated that a metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR4, is expressed in taste buds from rat circumvallate and foliate papillae. Behavioral studies demonstrated that L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4), an agonist for mGluR4 and related receptors, mimics the taste of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in rats. mGluR4 is known to signal through inhibition of the cyclic adenosine-5',3'-monophosphate (cAMP) cascade. Circumvallate and foliate taste buds exhibit decreases of cAMP levels following stimulation with MSG, and the response is potentiated by 5'-inosine monophosphate, suggesting that it is related to umami taste. Further, experiments on mice with the mGluR4 gene knocked out support the interpretation that mGluR4 is a key component in glutamate taste. Glutamate may also stimulate taste buds through an ionotropic receptor pathway. In patch-clamp studies, glutamate evokes two types of currents, similar to those elicited by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and L-AP4. We speculate upon the significance of two glutamate receptor pathways in taste buds.
Electrical impedance tomography with compensation for electrode positioning variations (1998)

Ideally electrical impedance tomography (EIT) should not be oversensitive to electrode positions, but this conflicts with efforts to produce high-resolution images. Two procedures are presented that balance reducing the sensitivity to electrode position errors with generating practicable EIT images. The first provides a criterion based on electrode sensitivity for regularizing the reconstruction through spectral expansion. The main consequences of this are that smoother images are produced and the number of artefacts and their magnitude are generally reduced. The second modification uses the recorded data to compensate for electrode movements that have occurred after the reference data were measured. Image smoothness is used as the criterion for the readjustment. Computer simulation tests have shown that this modification produces improved image fidelity.
On the Placement of Internet Taps in Wireless Neighborhood Networks (2003)

Recently there has emerged a novel application of wireless technology that enables home users to connect to the Internet by creating a multi-hop wireless network over a neighborhood region. In such a network, a small number of Internet TAPs (ITAPs) are deployed across the neighborhood, serving as gateways to the Internet; houses are equipped with low-cost antennas, and form a multi-hop wireless network among themselves to cooperatively route traffic to the Internet using the ITAPs. A similar application also exists in sensor networks, where sensors collect measurement data and send it through a multi-hop wireless network to the servers on the Internet via ITAPs. For both applications, placement of ITAPs is a critical determinant of system performance and resource usage. However there has been little work on this subject. In this paper, we explore the ITAP placement problem under three wireless link models. For each link model, we develop placement algorithms to make informed placement decisions based on neighborhood layouts, user demands, and wireless link characteristics. We also extend our algorithms to provide fault tolerance and to handle significant workload variation. We evaluate our placement algorithms through both analysis and simulation. Our results show that our algorithms yield close to optimal solutions over a wide range of scenarios we have considered.
Enabling exact delay synthesis (2017)

Given (i) a Boolean function, (ii) a set of arrival times at the inputs, and (iii) a gate library with associated delay values, the exact delay synthesis problem asks for a circuit implementation which minimizes the arrival time at the output(s). The exact delay synthesis problem, with given input arrival times, relates to computing the communication complexity of a Boolean function, which is an intractable problem. Input arrival times are variable and can take any value, thereby making the exact delay synthesis search space infinite. This paper presents theory and algorithms for exact delay synthesis. We introduce the theory of equioptimizable arrival times, which allows us to partition all arrival time patterns into a finite set of equivalence classes. Thanks to this new theory, we create for the first time exact delay circuit databases covering all Boolean functions up to 5 variables and all possible arrival time patterns. We describe further arrival time compression techniques which enable the creation of larger databases. We propose an enhanced delay synthesis flow capable of dealing with large circuits, combining exact delay logic rewriting and Boolean optimization techniques, attaining unprecedented results. We improve 9/10 of the best known results in the EPFL arithmetic delay synthesis competition, outperforming previous best results up to 3x. Embedded in a commercial EDA flow for ASICs, our exact delay synthesis techniques reduce the total negative slack by 12.17%, after physical implementation, at negligible area and runtime costs.
Countermeasure Against Quantum Hacking Using Detection Statistics (2021)

Detector blinding attacks have been proposed in the last few years, and they could potentially threaten the security of quantum key distribution systems. Even though such attacks are technically challenging to implement, it is important to consider countermeasures to avoid information leakage. In this paper, we present a countermeasure against these kinds of attacks based on the use of multipixel detectors. We show that with this method, we are able to estimate an upper bound on the information an eavesdropper could have on the key exchanged. Finally, we test a multipixel detector based on superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to show it can fulfill all the requirements for our countermeasure to be effective.
A Segmented Bloom Filter Algorithm for Efficient Predictors (2008)

Bloom Filters are a technique to reduce the effects of conflicts/interference in hash table-like structures. Conventional hash tables store information in a single location which is susceptible to destructive interference through hash conflicts. A Bloom Filter uses multiple hash functions to store information in several locations, and recombines the information through some voting mechanism. Many microarchitectural predictors use simple single-index hash tables to make binary 0/1 predictions, and Bloom Filters help improve predictor accuracy. However, implementing a true Bloom Filter requires k hash functions, which in turn implies a k-ported hash table, or k sequential accesses. Unfortunately,the area of a hardware table increases quadratically with the port count, increasing costs of area, latency and power consumption. We propose a simple but elegant modification to the Bloom Filter algorithm that uses banking combined with special hash functions that guarantee all hash indexes fall into non-conflicting banks. We evaluate several applications of our Banked Bloom Filter (BBF) prediction in processors: BBF branch prediction, BBF load hit/miss prediction, and BBF last-tag prediction. We show that BBF predictors can provide accurate predictions with substantially less cost than previous techniques.
A simplified technique for detecting mechanical faults using stator current in small induction motors (2002)

This paper shows that mechanical faults in small induction machines can be detected with adequate sensitivity by merely monitoring the RMS value of the stator current over a certain frequency range. Furthermore, a simple technique for mechanical fault detection using stator current is presented for the case wherein spectral monitoring is necessary. Experimental results for different types of mechanical faults, namely, rotor unbalances and shaft misalignments, are shown.
Vancomycin Penetration Into Biofilm Covering Infected Prostheses And Effect On Bacteria (1994)

To evaluate the adequacy of penetration of antibiotics into biofilm, a novel in vitro model for prosthesis-related infection was developed. Sterile stainless steel orthopedic nuts were incubated with slime-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis. Biofilm-covered nuts were exposed to varying concentrations of vancomycin; then biofilms were harvested. Vancomycin levels in biofilm, as measured by fluorescent polarization immunoassay, far exceeded the MIC and MBC of vancomycin for the organism. Bacterial growth in biofilm was inversely related to vancomycin concentration in biofilm, but even extremely high drug concentrations did not eradicate bacteria embedded in biofilm. The MICs and MBCs for bacteria recovered from biofilm did not differ from those for incubating organisms. Thus, failure of glycopeptide antibiotics to cure prosthesis-related infection is not due to poor penetration of drugs into biofilm but likely due to diminished antimicrobial effect on bacteria in the biofilm environment.