gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ABA‐regulated and Golgi‐localized protein phosphatase controls water loss during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (2011)

It is known that a senescing leaf loses water faster than a non-senescing leaf and that ABA has an important role in promoting leaf senescence. However, questions such as why water loss is faster, how water loss is regulated, and how ABA functions in leaf senescence are not well understood. Here we report on the identification and functional analysis of a leaf senescence associated gene called SAG113. The RNA blot and GUS reporter analyses all show that SAG113 is expressed in senescing leaves and is induced by ABA in Arabidopsis. The SAG113 expression levels are significantly reduced in aba2 and abi4 mutants. A GFP fusion protein analysis revealed that SAG113 protein is localized in the Golgi apparatus. SAG113 encodes a protein phosphatase that belongs to the PP2C family and is able to functionally complement a yeast PP2C-deficient mutant TM126 (ptc1Δ). Leaf senescence is delayed in the SAG113 knockout mutant compared with that in the wild type, stomatal movement in the senescing leaves of SAG113 knockouts is more sensitive to ABA than that of the wild type, and the rate of water loss in senescing leaves of SAG113 knockouts is significantly reduced. In contrast, inducible over-expression of SAG113 results in a lower sensitivity of stomatal movement to ABA treatment, more rapid water loss, and precocious leaf senescence. No other aspects of growth and development, including seed germination, were observed. These findings suggest that SAG113, a negative regulator of ABA signal transduction, is specifically involved in the control of water loss during leaf senescence.
Production of transgenic <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> x <i>E. urophylla</i> using the sonication-assisted <i>Agrobacterium</i> transformation (SAAT) system (2002)

A method for genetic transformation of germinating seeds and seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophyllais described using the sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (SAAT) system. Seeds germinated for 2 d, and 15-d-old seedlings, sonicated for 30 s, had the highest percentage of β-glucuronidase (GUS) transient expression (21.7 and 37.4%, respectively). Pre-sonication greatly enhanced the efficiency of transformation. The differential transformation of tissues was also investigated, with seeds imbibed for 2 d having over 90% of the blue sectors localised in cotyledons and in the intersection of the hypocotyls and roots, whereas in 5-d-old seedlings, 70% of GUS activity was detected in cotyledons. However, 15-17-d-old seedlings had around 60% of transformed sectors localised in the first pair of leaves. The efficiency of the method was also assessed using a chimeric construct containing the Lhcb1*2 gene of the 28 kDa chlorophyll a/b binding pea protein from the LHCII antenna. Four stable transformants were confirmed by genomic blotting.
Motion estimation with entropy coding considerations in H.264/AVC (2008)

In many modern video encoders, motion estimation is usually formulated as a Lagrangian cost function that balances motion prediction accuracy and the rate to transmit motion vectors. In H.264/AVC video encoders, including the H.264 reference software, in an effort to reduce computational complexity, the motion vector rate is often estimated using a look-up table based on universal variable length coding regardless of the entropy coding method used. However, the estimated rate could be different from the actual rate used for encoding. In this paper we present an empirical study on the motion vector rate estimation mismatch caused by different entropy coding assumptions and discuss its impact on motion estimation and coding efficiency. We also present a more accurate motion vector rate estimation method for encoding with the context adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) method while still maintaining low computational complexity. The proposed motion vector rate estimation can provide up to 2.26% in rate savings for low bit rate applications when all modes are considered for the encoding. Results for single mode encoding, which can be useful for fast encoding applications, show that we can achieve benefits of up to 27.15% and 7.39% in rate savings for low and medium to high bit rate applications respectively.
Fundamental properties of perpendicular magnetic recording (1981)

A two dimensional computer simulation model of the magnetic recording process has been, developed to assess the fundamental properties of perpendicular magnetic recording. It was found that vertical anisotropy media are well suited to abrupt and closely spaced magnetic transitions. The demagnetizing fields support short transitions in the perpendicular mode as opposed to degrading transitions in the longitudinal mode. However, gapped heads may have difficulty in delivering high intensity vertical fields to saturate the medium. Novel write head designs might be required.
A Visual Analytics Framework for Contrastive Network Analysis (2020)

A common network analysis task is comparison of two networks to identify unique characteristics in one network with respect to the other. For example, when comparing protein interaction networks derived from normal and cancer tissues, one essential task is to discover protein-protein interactions unique to cancer tissues. However, this task is challenging when the networks contain complex structural (and semantic) relations. To address this problem, we design ContraNA, a visual analytics framework leveraging both the power of machine learning for uncovering unique characteristics in networks and also the effectiveness of visualization for understanding such uniqueness. The basis of ContraNA is cNRL, which integrates two machine learning schemes, network representation learning (NRL) and contrastive learning (CL), to generate a low-dimensional embedding that reveals the uniqueness of one network when compared to another. ContraNA provides an interactive visualization interface to help analyze the uniqueness by relating embedding results and network structures as well as explaining the learned features by cNRL. We demonstrate the usefulness of ContraNA with two case studies using real-world datasets. We also evaluate ContraNA through a controlled user study with 12 participants on network comparison tasks. The results show that participants were able to both effectively identify unique characteristics from complex networks and interpret the results obtained from cNRL.
Macrocyclic polymers. 2. Synthesis of poly(amide crown ethers) based on bis(5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)-32-crown-10. Network formation through threading (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrocyclic polymers. 2. Synthesis of poly(amide crown ethers) based on bis(5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)-32-crown-10. Network formation through threadingYadollah Delaviz and Harry W. GibsonCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 19, 4859–4862Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00045a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00045a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views584Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiwatts narrow linewidth fiber Raman amplifiers (2008)

Up to 4.8 W, approximately 10 MHz, 1178 nm laser is obtained by Raman amplification of a distributed feedback diode laser in standard single mode fibers pumped by an 1120 nm Yb fiber laser. More than 10% efficiency and 27 dB amplification is achieved, limited by onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering. The ratio of Raman to Brillouin gain coefficient of a fiber is identified as a figure of merit for building a narrow linewidth fiber Raman amplifier.
Method for increasing the measurement information from a transmission electron microscope and a transmission electron device (Australian Patent Application No. 2001234318) (2002)

Method for increasing the measurement information from a transmission electron microscope and a transmission electron device (Australian Patent Application No. 2001234318)
Synthesis and Characterization of Gyroidal Mesoporous Carbons and Carbon Monoliths with Tunable Ultralarge Pore Size (2013)

Ordered mesoporous carbons with high pore accessibility are of great interest as electrodes in energy conversion and storage applications due to their high electric and thermal conductivity, chemical inertness, and low density. The metal- and halogen-free synthesis of gyroidal bicontinuous mesoporous carbon materials with uniform and tunable pore sizes through bottom-up self-assembly of block copolymers thus poses an interesting challenge. Four double gyroidal mesoporous carbons with pore sizes of 12, 15, 20, and 39 nm were synthesized using poly(isoprene)-block-poly(styrene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (ISO) as structure-directing triblock terpolymer and phenol-formaldehyde resols as carbon precursors. The highly ordered materials were thermally stable to at least 1600 °C with pore volumes of up to 1.56 cm(3) g(-1). Treatment at this temperature induced a high degree of sp(2)-hybridization and low microporosity. Increasing the resols/ISO ratio led to hexagonally packed cylinders with lower porosity. A single gyroid carbon network with high porosity of 80 vol % was obtained using a similar synthesis strategy. Furthermore, we present a method to fabricate monolithic materials of the gyroidal carbons with macroscopic shape and thickness control that exhibit an open and structured surface with gyroidal features. The gyroidal materials are ideally suited as electrode materials in fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors as their high, three-dimensionally connected porosity is expected to allow for good fuel or electrolyte accessibility and to prevent total pore blockage.
Abstract 20290: Spectrum and Contribution of Mutations in Minor Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)-Susceptibility Genes in Patients Referred for FAMILION(R) LQTS Genetic Testing (2010)

Background: Inherited long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially lethal arrhythmogenic syndrome marked by significant genetic heterogeneity. In recent years, several new genetic substrates for LQTS h...
Mutational analysis of morphologic differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1995)

A genetic analysis was undertaken to investigate the mechanisms controlling cellular morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sixty mutant strains exhibiting abnormally elongated cell morphology were isolated. The cell elongation phenotype in at least 26 of the strains resulted from a single recessive mutation. These mutations, designated generically elm (elongated morphology), defined 14 genes; two of these corresponded to the previously described genes GRR1 and CDC12. Genetic interactions between mutant alleles suggest that several ELM genes play roles in the same physiological process. The cell and colony morphology and growth properties of many elm mutant strains are similar to those of wild-type yeast strains after differentiation in response to nitrogen limitation into the pseudohyphal form. Each elm mutation resulted in multiple characteristics of pseudohyphal cells, including elongated cell shape, delay in cell separation, simultaneous budding of mother and daughter cells, a unipolar budding pattern, and/or the ability to grow invasively beneath the agar surface. Mutations in 11 of the 14 ELM gene loci potentiated pseudohyphal differentiation in nitrogen-limited medium. Thus, a subset of the ELM genes are likely to affect control or execution of a defined morphologic differentiation pathway in S. cerevisiae.
Uplink interference management techniques for 3G femtocells (2011)

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of uplink interference management for 3G femtocell deployments. Focusing on co-channel deployment, where both femtocells and macrocells operate on the same carrier, femto-to-macro, macro-to-femto and inter-femto uplink interference scenarios are identified. To effectively control uplink interference in residential and enterprise femtocell deployments, Macro Aware noise Rise Setting (MARS) and Controlled LImit on uplink Power (CLIP) algorithms are introduced. MARS maximizes the femto's tolerance to out-of-cell interference by properly setting the femto noise rise threshold based on the location of the femto in the macrocell. CLIP dynamically limits the femto user Tx power or rate to control the interference to macrocell. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated via detailed system-level simulations for enterprise and residential femtocell deployments.
Planar small radiator for short range applications (2008)

This work discloses a new radiator for small planar antennas. The proposed radiator takes advantage of its unique topology in order to reduce a size under the given bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, and polarization purity. Practical example of UHF antenna with proposed radiator demonstrates notable size and good electrical performances.
Spin‐locked balanced steady‐state free‐precession (slSSFP) (2009)

A spin-locked balanced steady-state free-precession (slSSFP) pulse sequence is described that combines a balanced gradient-echo acquisition with an off-resonance spin-lock pulse for fast MRI. The transient and steady-state magnetization trajectory was solved numerically using the Bloch equations and was shown to be similar to balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) for a range of T(2)/T(1) and flip angles, although the slSSFP steady-state could be maintained with considerably lower radio frequency (RF) power. In both simulations and brain scans performed at 7T, slSSFP was shown to exhibit similar contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency to bSSFP, but with significantly lower power.
An adaptive and progressive approach for efficient Gradient-based multiresolution color image segmentation (2009)

We propose an image segmentation methodology which exploits gradient information in a multiresolution framework. The proposed algorithm commences with a wavelet decomposition procedure to obtain a pyramidal representation of the input image, accompanied by an adaptive threshold generation scheme required for segregating regions of varying gradient densities. At low (coarse) resolution levels, progressive region growth, texture characterization, and region merging modules are integrated together to provide interim segmentations. These interim results are transferred from one resolution level to another as a-priori information, until the final result at the highest (original) resolution is achieved. Performance evaluation on several hundred images demonstrates that our algorithm computationally outperforms various published techniques, with superior segmentation quality.
Well-width dependence of photoluminescence emission from <i>a</i>-plane GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells (2004)

This work investigates the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of nonpolar GaN/(∼100 Å Al0.16Ga0.84N) multiple quantum wells (MQWs) in comparison to c-plane structures as a function of GaN quantum well width. 10-period a-plane and c-plane MQW structures were simultaneously regrown on the appropriate GaN/sapphire template layers via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with well widths ranging from 20 to 70 Å. The PL emission energy from a-plane MQWs followed a square well trend modeled using self-consistent Poisson–Schrödinger calculations while the c-plane MQW emission showed a significant redshift with increasing well width which is attributed to the quantum-confined Stark effect. Despite a higher dislocation density, the a-plane MQWs exhibit enhanced recombination efficiency as compared to the c-plane wells since well emission is no longer observed for c-plane wells wider than 50 Å. Optimal PL emission intensity was obtained for 52 Å a-plane wells compared to 28 Å c-plane wells, revealing the effects of internal fields on quantum well emission.
Ganglioside Molecular Mimicry and Its Pathological Roles in Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Related Diseases (2006)

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in humans, occurring with an annual incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 people. In recent years, studies have shed new light on a number of disease aspects that have enhanced the understanding of the pathogenic
Fabricating Conducting Polymer Electrochromic Devices Using Ionic Liquids (2004)

Electrolytes play an important role in determining the performance of conducting polymer electrochromic devices. Good electrolytes should have high conductivity, large electrochemical windows, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and negligible evaporation. Room-temperature ionic liquids are ideal electrolytes to satisfy these requirements. In the present work, we explored the applications of ionic liquids as electrolytes in electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers, in electrochemical and electrochromic characterization of both electrochemically and chemically synthesized conducting polymers and in fabrication of conducting polymer electrochromic devices. In ionic liquids, highly stable electroactivity has been obtained for polyaniline in a wide potential range covering its entire redox process of for >1,000,000 cycles. During the fabrication of electrochromic devices, electrochemically synthesized polymers were employed for displays, while chemically synthesized polymers (via spin-coating) were preferable for large-area electrochromic windows. We have successfully fabricated the prototypes of alphanumeric displays and large-area electrochromic windows. High device performance of low operation voltages (<1.5 V), high coloration contrast (>50%), fast coloration speed (<100 ms), and high coulombic efficiency (>98%) has been realized. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Severity of Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Related Symptoms Predicts Clinical Response to the Nonsystemic Antibiotic Rifaximin (2008)

Purpose: Symptom-based criteria are used for enrolling patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in clinical trials. These criteria are broad and often lead to enrollment of individuals with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, despite the possibility that patients with severe IBS symptoms may respond differently to therapeutic intervention compared with individuals with moderate complaints. In a recent study of rifaximin vs placebo in patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), a supplemental analysis examined the association between severity of baseline IBS symptoms and clinical response to rifaximin. Methods: The primary comparison involved 2 groups of adult patients with IBS-D (Rome II) who received rifaximin 550 mg twice daily or placebo for 14 days, followed by an additional 14 days of placebo in both groups. The coprimary endpoints assessed weekly yes/no responses to questions regarding adequate relief of global IBS symptoms and IBS-associated bloating. Clinical response was defined as adequate relief for ≥2 of the final 3 treatment weeks (wk 2, 3, or 4). Severity of baseline IBS symptoms was evaluated as a potential confounder of clinical response and was categorized as mild/moderate or severe based on a mean score of ≤4 versus > 4 (on a 7-point scale [0 = not bothersome; 6 = very bothersome]) for bloating and abdominal pain. Results: A significantly larger percentage of patients who received rifaximin vs placebo reported adequate relief of global IBS symptoms (52% vs 44%, respectively; P= 0.03) and bloating (46% vs 40%, respectively; P= 0.04). In patients with mild/moderate abdominal pain, rifaximin produced a greater degree of improvement vs placebo in symptoms of IBS (50% vs 39%, respectively; P= 0.04) and bloating (44% vs 35%, respectively; P= 0.09). In patients with mild/moderate bloating, rifaximin also achieved greater improvement vs placebo in global symptoms of IBS (56% vs 41%, respectively; P= 0.006) and bloating (47% vs 36%, respectively; P= 0.03). However, rifaximin did not significantly improve global IBS symptoms or bloating versus placebo in patients who had severe baseline abdominal pain or bloating. Conclusion: Severity of baseline symptoms of abdominal pain and bloating influenced the response to rifaximin 1100 mg/d for 14 days. Patients with mild/moderate IBS symptoms had a greater likelihood of relief of global IBS-related symptoms with rifaximin treatment vs individuals with severe IBS symptoms. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of IBS therapies should account for baseline symptom severity because of the potential impact of these symptoms on therapeutic efficacy. Extension of severity assessments to clinical practice may improve treatment success in patients with IBS.
Further Structural Exploration of Trisubstituted Asymmetric Pyran Derivatives (2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-2-Benzhydryl-5-benzylamino-tetrahydropyran-4-ol and Their Corresponding Disubstituted (3<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>) Pyran Derivatives:  A Proposed Pharmacophore Model for High-Affinity Interaction with the Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine Transporters (2006)

In our previous report, we described a novel series of asymmetric pyran derivatives (2S,4R,5R)-2-benzhydryl-5-benzylamino-tetrahydropyran-4-ol and their enantiomers as blockers of monoamine transporters in the brain. In this report, we describe the further exploration of this series of molecules by incorporating functional groups in the molecular template, which should promote the formation of H bonds with the transporters. In addition, a new synthetic scheme for the asymmetric synthesis of disubstituted cis-(6-benzhydryl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl)-benzylamine analogues and their biological characterization is reported. All synthesized derivatives were tested for their affinities for the dopamine transporter (DAT), serotonin transporter (SERT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the brain by measuring their potency in inhibiting the uptake of [(3)H]DA, [(3)H]5-HT, and [(3)H]NE, respectively. The compounds were also tested for their binding potency at the DAT by their ability to inhibit binding of [(3)H]WIN 35, 428. The results indicated that the presence of functional groups, such as -OH, -NH(2), and the bioisosteric 5-substituted indole moiety in both di and trisubstituted compounds, significantly increased their potencies for the SERT and NET, especially for the NET. Among the trisubstituted compounds, (-)-4b exhibited the highest potency for the NET and the SERT (K(i) of 2.13 and 15.3 nM, respectively) and was a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Compound (-)-4a exhibited the highest selectivity for the NET. Among the disubstituted compounds, a number of compounds, such as (-)-9a, (+)-9b, (-)-9b, and (+)-9d, exhibited significant low-nanomolar potencies for the SERT and the NET. Interestingly, compound (-)-9d exhibited appreciable potencies at all three transporters. On the basis of our present and past findings, we propose a qualitative model for the interaction of these compounds with monoamine transporters, which will be refined further in the future.