gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Water-Soluble Zinc Ionophores (2008)

Several water-solubilized versions of the zinc ionophore 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione (ZnHPT), synthesized as part of the present study, have been found both to increase the intracellular concentrations of free zinc and to produce an antiproliferative activity in exponential phase A549 human lung cancer cultures. Gene expression profiles of A549 cultures treated with one of these water-soluble zinc ionophores, PCI-5002, reveal the activation of stress response pathways under the control of metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1), hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF-1), and heat shock transcription factors. Additional oxidative stress response and apoptotic pathways were activated in cultures grown in zinc-supplemented media. We also show that these water-soluble zinc ionophores can be given to mice at 100 micromol/kg (300 micromol/m(2)) with no observable toxicity and inhibit the growth of A549 lung and PC3 prostate cancer cells grown in xenograft models. Gene expression profiles of tumor specimens harvested from mice 4 h after treatment confirmed the in vivo activation of MTF-1-responsive genes. Overall, we propose that water-solubilized zinc ionophores represent a potential new class of anticancer agents.
Flat panel detector-based cone beam CT for dynamic imaging: system evaluation (2006)

The purpose of this study is to characterize a newly built flat panel detector (FPD)-based cone beam CT (CBCT) prototype for dynamic imaging. A CBCT prototype has been designed and constructed by completely modifying a GE HiSpeed Advantage (HSA) CT gantry, incorporating a newly acquired large size real-time FPD (Varian PaxScan 4030CB), a new x-ray generator and a dual focal spot angiography x-ray tube that allows the full coverage of the detector. During data acquisition, the x-ray tube and the FPD can be rotated on the gantry over Nx360 degrees due to integrated slip ring technology with the rotation speed of one second/revolution. With a single scan time of up to 40 seconds , multiple sets of reconstructions can be performed for dynamic studies. The upgrade of this system has been completed. The prototype was used for a series of preliminary phantom studies: different sizes of breast phantoms, a Humanoid chest phantom and scatter correction studies. The results of the phantom studies demonstrate that good image quality can be achieved with this newly built prototype.
Segmentation adaptive RX: an algorithm for spectral anomaly detection in a variety of measured-radiance conditions (2010)

Hyperspectral anomaly detection algorithms are well developed however their ability to account for illumination conditions is limited only to mild variations. We propose an approach specifically designed to handle shadows and poorly illuminated regions present in otherwise well-illuminated imagery without making any assumptions about shaded backgrounds or object signature evolution. The algorithm, Segmentation Adaptive RX (SARX), relies on panchromatic segmentation of the data into dark and bright clusters based on the illumination level. Bright cluster detection employs standard subspace RX and dark cluster detection subspace is limited by only few higher variance spectral dimensions to reflect diminished signal-to-noise ratio in shadows. Anomaly detection near the geographical border between the clusters utilizes Stochastic Mixing Model. We demonstrate experimentally superior ability of SARX to detect anomalous objects in variety of illumination conditions.
Tunable and amplified Raman gold nanoprobes for effective tracking (TARGET): in vivo sensing and imaging (2016)

We describe the development of a highly tunable, physiologically stable, and ultra-bright Raman probe, named as TARGET (Tunable and Amplified Raman Gold Nanoprobes for Effective Tracking), for in vitro and in vivo surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. The TARGET structure consists of a gold core inside a larger gold shell with a tunable interstitial gap similar to a "nanorattle" structure. The combination of galvanic replacement and the seed mediated growth method was employed to load Raman reporter molecules and subsequently close the pores to prevent leaking and degradation of reporters under physiologically extreme conditions. Precise tuning of the core-shell gap width, core size, and shell thickness allows us to modulate the plasmonic effect and achieve a maximum electric-field (E-field) intensity. The interstitial gap of TARGET nanoprobes can be designed to exhibit a plasmon absorption band at 785 nm, which is in resonance with the dye absorption maximum and lies in the "tissue optical window", resulting in ultra-bright SERS signals for in vivo studies. The results of in vivo measurements of TARGETs in laboratory mice illustrated the usefulness of these nanoprobes for medical sensing and imaging.
Compressed Encoding for Rank Modulation (2011)

Rank modulation has been recently proposed as a scheme for storing information in flash memories. While rank modulation has advantages in improving write speed and endurance, the current encoding approach is based on the "push to the top" operation that is not efficient in the general case. We propose a new encoding procedure where a cell level is raised to be higher than the minimal necessary subset - instead of all - of the other cell levels. This new procedure leads to a significantly more compressed (lower charge levels) encoding. We derive an upper bound for a family of codes that utilize the proposed encoding procedure, and consider code constructions that achieve that bound for several special cases.
Space–Time Codes for Wireless Communications (2003)

Abstract Space‐Time Coding is a new coding/signal processing framework for wireless communications systems with multiple transmit/receive antennas. This new framework offers the best tradeoff between spectral efficiency and power consumption by optimum combination of modulation, coding, and diversity gains over flat‐fading channels. Space‐time trellis codes offer the maximum possible diversity and coding gains without any sacrifice in transmission bandwidth. Their decoding requires a vector Viterbi algorithm. Alamouti‐type Space‐time block codes offer maximum diversity gain, much lower decoding complexity, and full rate transmission but sacrifice coding gain. The first part of this article reviews the fundamentals of space‐time coding for frequency‐flat fading channels. For frequency‐selective fading channels, we describe, in the second part of the article, several competitive joint equalization and decoding schemes for space‐time codes that further exploit the temporal diversity of the channel. Channel estimation issues are also discussed. Exploiting the rich structure of space‐time codes is critical in simplifying the channel estimation, equalization, and decoding schemes.
Five color CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;laser stabilization and switching (1982)

A CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser is described which may be actively stabilized in any of four different <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R/P</tex> line pairs in the 10.4 μ band. The laser may be caused to rapidly switch between line pairs. The degree of frequency stability achieved is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim1:10^{10}</tex> , 5 Hz and above, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim1:10^{8}</tex> , 0-5 Hz. The laser may be switched through the four line pairs in ∼100 ms.
Pressure and Flow Characterization for Different Idealized Models of Stenotic Coronary Arteries (2010)

Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. This year, an estimated 785,000 Americans will have a new coronary attack [1]. Treatment of coronary artery disease varies from medication alone to cardiovascular surgery. Treatment regimens depend on the number and hemodynamic significance of stenoses present. In this study, we created idealized models of stenotic coronary arteries with varying geometric properties and simulated flow and pressure in coronary stenoses using a novel computational method including a three-dimensional model of an idealized coronary artery coupled to a lumped parameter model of the heart at the inlet and a lumped parameter model of the distal coronary vasculature at the outlet.
Correlation of antenna charging and gate oxide reliability (1996)

Antenna structures are commonly used to study charging, and the resultant metal–oxide–semiconductor gate oxide damage, from plasma processing. Degradation of various device parameters, such as gate leakage and threshold voltage, have been correlated with high levels of charging. However, there has been little work done to correlate charging with reduced device reliability. In this study, we use antenna structures and accelerated life testing of application specific integrated circuit devices on the same wafers to show that oxide damage from charging measured by antennas does not necessarily correlate with reliability degradation. Depending on how the antenna is designed, the measured oxide damage results from a combination of process-induced charging and initial gate oxide quality. When initial oxide quality is high, then charging which does not degrade oxide reliability can occur. However, for initially defective oxide, the same process-induced charging can degrade reliability. As shown in this study, the key to distinguishing between the two is in the antenna design. Failures of simple antenna structures having a large antenna area ratio and small gate oxide area did not correlate with degraded oxide reliability. However, failures of antenna test structures having a relatively small antenna area ratio and a relatively large gate oxide area did correlate with reliability, probably by highlighting pre-existing defects in the gate oxide which induced the early reliability failures. Together, these two types of antenna structures can help differentiate between excessive plasma damage and intrinsic weakness in the gate oxide.
Inverting schema mappings (2007)

A schema mapping is a specification that describes how data structured under one schema (the source schema) is to be transformed into data structured under a different schema (the target schema). Although the notion of an inverse of a schema mapping is important, the exact definition of an inverse mapping is somewhat elusive. This is because a schema mapping may associate many target instances with each source instance, and many source instances with each target instance. Based on the notion that the composition of a mapping and its inverse is the identity, we give a formal definition for what it means for a schema mapping M′ to be an inverse of a schema mapping M for a class S of source instances. We call such an inverse an S- inverse . A particular case of interest arises when S is the class of all source instances, in which case an S-inverse is a global inverse. We focus on the important and practical case of schema mappings specified by source-to-target tuple-generating dependencies, and uncover a rich theory. When S is specified by a set of dependencies with a finite chase, we show how to construct an S-inverse when one exists. In particular, we show how to construct a global inverse when one exists. Given M and M′, we show how to define the largest class S such that M′ is an S-inverse of M.
Post-separation detection of nucleic acids and proteins by neutron activation. (1986)

We describe approaches to neutron activation analysis and their application to post-separation autoradiographic detection of biological compounds. Specifically, we have extended the use of a "direct-labeling" method to the post-separation detection of DNA after gel electrophoresis and to the detection of nucleotides separated by TLC. In addition, we describe a more generally applicable "indirect-labeling" method in which separated compounds of interest are selectively bound to ligands containing highly neutron-activatable elements, such as manganese (55Mn), europium (151Eu), or dysprosium (164Dy), and then irradiated with thermal neutrons. This method is illustrated with nucleotides separated by TLC and with proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to the direct-labeling approach, the indirect-labeling method can be adapted to detect any class of substances for which a highly neutron-activatable, selectively binding ligand is available. The theoretically achievable sensitivity of the indirect-labeling method is in the attomole (10(-18) mol) range.
Synthesis and field-emission testing of carbon nanoflake edge emitters (2004)

A nanometer-edged carbon structure [carbon nanoflake (CNF)] has been synthesized on 50–150-nm-diameter nickel arrays. The Ni dot arrays are patterned using a polystyrene nanosphere lithography technique capable of creating arrays of regularly spaced nanometer-diameter structures of Ni. The flake-like morphology was formed by an inductively coupled rf plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, with H2 as the carrier gas and CH4 as the carbon source. Typical deposition conditions are: substrate temperature of 680 °C, chamber pressure of 70–90 mTorr, overall gas flow rate of 10 sccm, and CH4 concentration in the range of 10%–40%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows CNF preferentially growing on the Ni dots, with the irregular carbon flakes standing vertically on the substrate. The flake edge widths are ∼10 nm and the interflake spacing on a given Ni dot is on the order of 15–100 nm. Experiments show that the density, height, and interspacing of the flakes are controllable by varying patterning and deposition parameters. The structures show no degradation or vibration under small-spot SEM imaging, indicating good thermal stability. Raman spectra show a typical carbon feature with D and G peaks at 1350 and 1580 cm−1, respectively. Intensity ratio of these two peaks, I(D)/I(G), increases with CH4 concentration. The work function of this structure determined by Kelvin probe measurement is about 4.3 eV, which is near that of graphitic carbon. Preliminary results of I–V curve testing indicate that this structure could act as a conductive, robust, edge emitter.
Frequency modulation spectroscopy with second harmonic detection (1985)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Gary Janik, Clint Carlisle, and Thomas F. Gallagher, "Frequency modulation spectroscopy with second harmonic detection," Appl. Opt. 24, 3318-3319 (1985) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
14.4: Polychromatic High‐Frequency Steady‐State Visual Evoked Potentials for Brain‐Display Interaction (2013)

Abstract An oncoming interactive platform integrated with LCD provides another option not only for handicapped but public to make our daily lives more convenient. Steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are human brain responses to visual stimulation at specific light flashing frequencies. With the improvement of brain‐computer interface (BCI) applications in mind, this paper proposed effective and comfortable SSVEP stimuli of high‐frequency and polychromatic encoded lights with tunable duty cycles and phases.
Lean print manufacturing: operations simulation and analysis of digital printer (2010)

Print manufacturing is a make-to-order process; it converts customers' print demands into shipped print products such as books, calendars, and stationeries. Its service level objectives are usually dominated by the on-time delivery constraint. Given the existing resource makeup, the business objective of the print service providers is to drive up the throughput to dilute the fixed cost and maximize the profit while guarantees the quality of service.The print manufacturing process outlined above, in particular on-demand digital print, cannot be simply treated as a standard manufacturing activity. The highly variable and dynamic nature of the job mix combined with personalized customer requirements results in numerous combinations of factory configuration and business philosophy. This has been identified as a key reason that hinders the print productivity growth. In this paper we report our recent development of a simulation platform of digital print manufacturing operations adopting an open-source electronic design automation tool, and shed light into paths towards implementing a lean print manufacturing paradigm.
Isolation of JFH-1 Strain and Development of an HCV Infection System (2009)

Detailed analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate viral culture system and small animal models of infection. My group and others have recently reported the production of infectious virus after full-length HCV RNA transfection into Huh-7 cells. This system depends primarily on isolation of a JFH-1 strain from a patient with fulminant hepatitis. The JFH-1 strain belongs to genotype 2a and has high colony-formation efficiency when tested with a subgenomic replicon system. Here, I describe various protocols for isolation of the JFH-1 strain and construction of the HCV infection system. The HCV infection system contributes to our understanding of HCV virology and may permit development of novel antiviral strategies.
Video-rate terahertz interferometric and synthetic aperture imaging (2009)

Experimental results from a video-rate terahertz interferometric imaging system are presented. The source emits continuous narrow bandwidth radiation at 0.1 THz. The 2D image of a point source is reconstructed at a rate of 16 ms per frame with a four-element detector array. The image resolution and quality are affected by the number of detectors, the configuration of the detection array, and how well the baselines are calibrated. Details of the hardware system and video-rate terahertz image are presented.
Analysis of new high-voltage bipolar Silicon-On-Insulator transistor with fully depleted collector (1995)

A new type of high voltage bipolar transistor for implementation in SOI material (Silicon-On-Insulator) has been developed. It is shown by measurements on fabricated structures and by numerical device simulations that the current drive capability of such a transistor is comparable to what has been achieved in a conventional transistor with buried layer and plug or in any optimized lateral transistor with buried emitter and collector layers. The new type of transistor designed in a few micrometer thick silicon layer has a breakdown voltage BV/sub CEO/ in excess of several hundreds volts and also a remarkably high Early voltage of about 400 volts. This unique Early voltage is also explained in detail by a new analytical model. The transistor is expected to have a strong impact on the feasibility to realize mixed analog and digital signal circuits with high and low voltage functions on the same chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cross-Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Iron Group Metals and <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbenes via Nonconventional Reaction Mechanisms (2011)

New cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by iron or iron group metals (IGMs), consisting of Fe, Co, and Ni with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), are described in this report. Highly selective biaryl cross-coupling reactions between aryl halides and aryl Grignard reagents were achieved by using a combination of fluoride salts of IGMs and NHCs. In the course of the study, an unexpected alkenylative cross-coupling between alkyl aryl sulfides and aryl Grignard reagents was found, in which a typical Ni/NHC catalyst displayed unprecedented reactivity toward sulfide substrates. Theoretical studies suggest that the biaryl coupling and the alkenylative coupling reactions proceed via two nonconventional mechanisms, which are substantially different from the widely-accepted cross-coupling mechanism: In the biaryl cross-coupling, treatment of the catalyst mixtures of IGM fluorides and NHCs with an excess amount of the aryl Grignard reagent results in the generation of organometalate complexes, [Ar1MIIF2]MgBr (M=Fe, Co, and Ni). These organometalate species undergo oxidative addition of aryl halide substrates to form intermediates in a high oxidation state (most likely a+IV state) possessing two different aryl groups, Ar1Ar2MIVF2. The heteroleptic diaryl organometallic intermediates collapse easily to afford unsymmetrical biaryls in a highly selective manner. On the other hand, the alkenylative coupling reaction using a Ni/NHC catalyst involves formation of a low-oxidation-state Ni(0)-thioaldehyde complex, which is transformed to an alkenylnickel species via α-deprotonation of the thioaldehyde and subsequent C-S bond cleavage of the resulting enethiolate intermediate. The alkenylnickel species undergoes transmetalation with an aryl Grignard reagent to form alkenyl/aryl coupling products via reductive elimination. The present cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by IGMs with NHC ligands provide highly selective Csp2-Csp2 coupling methods for the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls and styrene derivatives, offering an opportunity to gain new mechanistic insights into IGM-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.
Automatic image retargeting (2005)

We present a non-photorealistic algorithm for retargeting large images to small size displays, particularly on mobile devices. This method adapts large images so that important objects in the image are still recognizable when displayed at a lower target resolution. Existing image manipulation techniques such as cropping works well for images containing a single important object, and down-sampling works well for images containing low frequency information. However, when these techniques are automatically applied to images with multiple objects, the image quality degrades and important information may be lost. Our algorithm addresses the case of multiple important objects in an image. The retargeting algorithm segments an image into regions, identifies important regions, removes them, fills the resulting gaps, resizes the remaining image, and re-inserts the important regions. Our approach lies in constructing a topologically constrained epitome of an image based on a visual attention model that is both comprehensible and size varying, making the method suitable for display-critical applications.
Studies on extracellular ATP: nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase from Streptomyces adephospholyticus. IV. Structure and some properties of the new nucleotides (adenosine pentaphosphate, guanosine tetraphosphate and inosine pentaphosphate) synthesized by nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase. (1975)

ATP: nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase transfers two phosphates of ATP to adenine nucleotide, guanine nucleotide and hypoxanthine nucleotide and produces a new nucleotide with two additional phosphates. For example, adenosine pentaphosphate, A5P, (guanosine tetraphosphate, G4P) was synthesized from ATP (GDP) by this enzyme. Chemical properties, enzymatic hydrolysis and NMR spectroscopic analysis of the new nucleotides were studied. As a result of these examinations, the conclusion was reached that A5P and G4P are adenosine-5'-triphosphate-3'-diphosphate and guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate, respectively. For all new nucleotides synthesized by this enzyme, it can be reasonably assumed that pyrophosphate was transferred to the position of 3' as in the case of A5P and G4P.