gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faster Response Discrete-Time Networks under Update-Rate Limits (2019)

The response speed of a network impacts the efficacy of its actions to external stimuli. However, for a given bound on the update rate, the network-response speed is limited by the need to maintain stability. This work increases the network-response speed without having to increase the update rate by using delayed self-reinforcement (DSR), where each agent uses its already available information from the network to strengthen its individual update law. Example simulation results are presented that show more than an order of magnitude improvement in the response speed (quantified using the settling time) with the proposed DSR approach.
Pre-steady state beta-lactamase kinetics. Observation of a covalent intermediate during turnover of a fluorescent cephalosporin by the beta-lactamase of STaphylococcus aureus PC1. (1981)

The pre-steady state kinetics of the hydrolysis of sodium 3-dansylamidomethyl-7-beta (thienyl-2')-acetamidoceph-3-em-4-oate, catalyzed by the beta-lactamase of Staphylococcus aureus PC1, has been studied by the stopped flow method. Fluorescence measurements indicated the presence of two intermediate enzyme-substrate complexes, i.e. at least a three-step mechanism. The disappearance of the characteristic cephem chromophore, which reflects nucleophilic attack at the beta-lactam carbonyl group, correlated with the second step. These results show that an intermediate species with a covalently altered substrate occurs on the reaction path prior to the last step which includes release of product. This intermediate is most likely an acyl-enzyme. The data have been analyzed numerically and the derived rate constants are in accord with the steady state parameters.
VISIR-I: small vessels – least-time nautical routes using wave forecasts (2016)

Abstract. A new numerical model for the on-demand computation of optimal ship routes based on sea-state forecasts has been developed. The model, named VISIR (discoVerIng Safe and effIcient Routes) is designed to support decision-makers when planning a marine voyage. The first version of the system, VISIR-I, considers medium and small motor vessels with lengths of up to a few tens of metres and a displacement hull. The model is comprised of three components: a route optimization algorithm, a mechanical model of the ship, and a processor of the environmental fields. The optimization algorithm is based on a graph-search method with time-dependent edge weights. The algorithm is also able to compute a voluntary ship speed reduction. The ship model accounts for calm water and added wave resistance by making use of just the principal particulars of the vessel as input parameters. It also checks the optimal route for parametric roll, pure loss of stability, and surfriding/broaching-to hazard conditions. The processor of the environmental fields employs significant wave height, wave spectrum peak period, and wave direction forecast fields as input. The topological issues of coastal navigation (islands, peninsulas, narrow passages) are addressed. Examples of VISIR-I routes in the Mediterranean Sea are provided. The optimal route may be longer in terms of miles sailed and yet it is faster and safer than the geodetic route between the same departure and arrival locations. Time savings up to 2.7 % and route lengthening up to 3.2 % are found for the case studies analysed. However, there is no upper bound for the magnitude of the changes of such route metrics, which especially in case of extreme sea states can be much greater. Route diversions result from the safety constraints and the fact that the algorithm takes into account the full temporal evolution and spatial variability of the environmental fields.
Model for the field effect from layers of biological macromolecules on the gates of metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors (2005)

The potential diagram for field-effect transistors used to detect charged biological macromolecules in an electrolyte is presented for the case where an insulating cover layer is used over a conventional eletrolyte-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor (EIMOS) structure to tether or bind the biological molecules to a floating gate. The layer of macromolecules is modeled using the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for an ion-permeable membrane. Expressions are derived for the charges and potentials in the EIMOS and electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor structures, including the membrane and electrolyte. Exact solutions for the potentials and charges are calculated using numerical algorithms. Simple expressions for the response are presented for low solution potentials when the Donnan potential is approached in the bulk of the membrane. The implications of the model for the small-signal equivalent circuit and the noise analysis of these structures are discussed.
Document Score Distribution Models for Query Performance Inference and Prediction (2014)

Modelling the distribution of document scores returned from an information retrieval (IR) system in response to a query is of both theoretical and practical importance. One of the goals of modelling document scores in this manner is the inference of document relevance. There has been renewed interest of late in modelling document scores using parameterised distributions. Consequently, a number of hypotheses have been proposed to constrain the mixture distribution from which document scores could be drawn. In this article, we show how a standard performance measure (i.e., average precision) can be inferred from a document score distribution using labelled data. We use the accuracy of the inference of average precision as a measure for determining the usefulness of a particular model of document scores. We provide a comprehensive study which shows that certain mixtures of distributions are able to infer average precision more accurately than others. Furthermore, we analyse a number of mixture distributions with regard to the recall-fallout convexity hypothesis and show that the convexity hypothesis is practically useful. Consequently, based on one of the best-performing score-distribution models, we develop some techniques for query-performance prediction (QPP) by automatically estimating the parameters of the document score-distribution model when relevance information is unknown. We present experimental results that outline the benefits of this approach to query-performance prediction.
An electronic voting system based on homomorphic encryption and prime numbers (2015)

In this paper we present an electronic voting system based on homomorphic encryption to ensure privacy, confidentiality in the voting. Our proposal offers all the advantages of the multiplicatively homomorphic encryption cryptosystems. The proposed voting scheme is suitable for multi-candidate elections as well as for elections in which contains neutral votes.
Changes in ECG pattern with advancing age (2011)

In summary, the ECG in apparently healthy asymptomatic subjects identifies subgroups at high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the resting ECG is an office-based test capable of identifying symptomless heart disease and determining which patient should be referred for further non-invasive testing or cardiac catheterization.
The Multiple-Try Method and Local Optimization in Metropolis Sampling (2000)

Abstract This article describes a new Metropolis-like transition rule, the multiple-try Metropolis, for Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. By using this transition rule together with adaptive direction sampling, we propose a novel method for incorporating local optimization steps into a MCMC sampler in continuous state-space. Numerical studies show that the new method performs significantly better than the traditional Metropolis-Hastings (M-H) sampler. With minor tailoring in using the rule, the multiple-try method can also be exploited to achieve the effect of a griddy Gibbs sampler without having to bear with griddy approximations, and the effect of a hit-and-run algorithm without having to figure out the required conditional distribution in a random direction.
The Performance Analysis of Interference Detection Based on Energy Detection (2016)

In this paper the energy detection method will be applied to the jam detection of radio silence. Analyze and get the theoretical value of the detection probability and false-alarm probability in Gaussian channel and Rayleigh channel. Via Monte Carlo simulation, we prove the false detection probability of the energy detection in Gaussian channel is significantly lower than that of the Rayleigh channel. We get the detection probability-false alarm probability curve and detection probability-SNR curve, and analyze the influence of the false alarm probability and SNR. Then realize the single threshold and multi-threshold decision, and analyze the test results of energy detection, providing the reference and foundation for the application of energy detection in the jam detection.
Outcomes in a Population of Healthy Term and Near-Term Infants With Serum Bilirubin Levels of ≥325 μmol/L (≥19 mg/dL) Who Were Born in Nova Scotia, Canada, Between 1994 and 2000 (2008)

There was no increase in adverse effects reported previously to be associated with bilirubin toxicity. Associations with developmental delay, attention-deficit disorder, and autism were observed.
Patient perceptions of hospital care: building confidence, (1998)

More attention needs to be given to understanding the complex social and reflective process which underpin patient judgements about quality of care.
Acceptance Sampling Plans from Life Tests Based on Percentiles of Half Normal Distribution (2013)

The design of acceptance sampling plans is developed under truncated life testing based on the percentiles of half normal distribution. The minimum sample size necessary to ensure the specified life percentile is obtained under a given consumer’s risk. The operating characteristic values of the sampling plans as well as the producer’s risk are presented. The results are illustrated by examples.
Adaptive lattice methods for linear prediction (2005)

A general method for adaptive updating of lattice coefficients in the linear predictive analysis of nonstationary signals is presented. The method is given as one of two sequential estimation methods, the other being a block sequential estimation method. The fast convergence of adaptive lattice algorithms is seen to be due to the orthogonalization and decoupling properties of the lattice. These properties are useful in adaptive Wiener filtering. As an application, a new fast start-up equalizer structure is presented. In addition, a one-multiplier form of the lattice is presented, which results in a reduction of computations.
Efficacy and Safety of Intermittent Repeated Levosimendan Infusions in Advanced Heart Failure Patients: The LAICA Study (2021)

In our study, intermittent levosimendan in patients with AdHF produced a statistically non-significant reduction in the incidence of hospital readmissions for acute decompensated HF, a significantly lower cumulative incidence of acute decompensation of HF and/or death at 1 and 3 month of treatment and a significant improvement in survival during 12 months of treatment.
A New Animal Model for Assessing Cartilage Repair and Regeneration at a Nonarticular Site (2010)

The aim of this study was to establish a critical-sized nonjoint chondral defect animal model and to evaluate its feasibility for testing cartilage regeneration strategies. Dermal biopsy punches 1-4 mm in diameter were used to create cylindrical full-thickness defects in the center of athymic rat xiphoids. The 3 and 4 mm defects remained unhealed 35 days postsurgery, with a large area in the center that had low proteoglycan content based on contrast-enhanced microCT (EPIC-microCT), radiographic, and histological analyses. In a second step, tissue-engineered cartilage was synthesized by culturing primary bovine articular chondrocytes on poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) scaffolds in a perfusion-shear bioreactor for 28 days. These chondrocyte/PLA constructs or primary bovine chondrocytes were implanted into 3-mm-diameter defects. Empty defects and defects implanted with empty PLA scaffolds were used as controls. Xiphoids were harvested 28 days after surgery and examined with faxitron, microCT, and histology using hematoxylin and eosin and safranin-O staining. Both chondrocyte/PLA constructs and chondrocytes alone formed neocartilage. The results indicate that a 3 mm cylindrical defect in a rat xiphoid is an economic, feasible, and reproductive model to evaluate the potential of various constructs for nonjoint cartilage repair.
TDD-based mobile communication solutions for high-speed railway scenarios (2013)

Mobile communication solutions for highspeed railway scenarios aim at providing seamless coverage, high system capacity and a high data rate for end users, which in turn face the challenges of Doppler frequency shift, penetration loss, mobility management and system capacity planning. Because the scarcity of frequency resources and increasing wireless broadband requirements have become very serious problems worldwide, increasing attention has been focused on time-division duplexing based technology, on which we focus in this article. Time-division synchronous code-division multiple access based and time-division Long Term Evolution based solutions are introduced with appropriate technology analysis. The experimental results of TD-SCDMA-based solutions in the Shanghai maglev high-speed network environment and the simulation results of TD-LTE-based solutions are presented. Finally, to improve performance, we discuss an enhanced solution based on mobile relays with performance evaluation, which is considered as a more comprehensive solution for high-speed railway scenarios.
Cost/benefit analysis of advanced materials technologies for future aircraft turbine engines (1976)

The cost/benefits of advance commercial gas turbine materials are described. Development costs, estimated payoffs and probabilities of success are discussed. The materials technologies investigated are: (1) single crystal turbine blades, (2) high strength hot isostatic pressed turbine disk, (3) advanced oxide dispersion strengthened burner liner, (4) bore entry cooled hot isostatic pressed turbine disk, (5) turbine blade tip - outer airseal system, and (6) advance turbine blade alloys.
Process chain for the fabrication of hardenable aluminium-zirconium micro-components by deep drawing (2018)

Today, micro components are used in various industrial sectors such as electronics engineering and medical applications. The final quality of such parts depends on each individual step of the production chain from the manufacturing of semi-finished parts to the post-processing. In this study, magnetron sputtering is used to manufacture thin (15-30 μm) aluminium-zirconium alloy foils for the deep drawing of high strength and hardenable micro cups, which can be, for example, employed as micro valve caps. The development of a novel process chain for the production of these parts includes four different steps, beginning with the production of Al-Zr foils by magnetron sputtering. Secondly, tensile tests are performed with the foils in order to estimate their mechanical properties. Subsequently, micro deep drawing is used to produce the cup’s shape, and finally, a heat treatment in a drop-down tube furnace adjusts the cup’s hardness during fall. It is shown in particular that Al-Zr foils produced by magnetron sputtering have an attractive cold forming and hardening potential due to a microstructure consisting essentially of an oversaturated solid solution of zirconium in the aluminium matrix. This material state enables adequate formability and simplifies the heat treatment process since no solution annealing is required.
Hyperspectral Visualization of Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data (2012)

The acquisition of localized molecular spectra with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has a great, but as yet not fully realized, potential for biomedical diagnostics and research. The methodology generates a series of mass spectra from discrete sample locations, which is often analyzed by visually interpreting specifically selected images of individual masses. We developed an intuitive color-coding scheme based on hyperspectral imaging methods to generate a single overview image of this complex data set. The image color-coding is based on spectral characteristics, such that pixels with similar molecular profiles are displayed with similar colors. This visualization strategy was applied to results of principal component analysis, self-organizing maps and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. Our approach for MSI data analysis, combining automated data processing, modeling and display, is user-friendly and allows both the spatial and molecular information to be visualized intuitively and effectively.
The PERK Arm of the Unfolded Protein Response Regulates Mitochondrial Morphology during Acute Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2018)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is transmitted to mitochondria and is associated with pathologic mitochondrial dysfunction in diverse diseases. The PERK arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) protects mitochondria during ER stress through the transcriptional and translational remodeling of mitochondrial molecular quality control pathways. Here, we show that ER stress also induces dynamic remodeling of mitochondrial morphology by promoting protective stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion (SIMH). ER-stress-associated SIMH is regulated by the PERK arm of the UPR and activated by eIF2α phosphorylation-dependent translation attenuation. We show that PERK-regulated SIMH is a protective mechanism to prevent pathologic mitochondrial fragmentation and promote mitochondrial metabolism in response to ER stress. These results identify PERK-dependent SIMH as a protective stress-responsive mechanism that regulates mitochondrial morphology during ER stress. Furthermore, our results show that PERK integrates transcriptional and translational signaling to coordinate mitochondrial molecular and organellar quality control in response to pathologic ER insults.
Fully online clustering of evolving data streams into arbitrarily shaped clusters (2016)

In recent times there has been an increase in data availability in continuous data streams and clustering of this data has many advantages in data analysis. It is often the case that these data streams are not stationary, but evolve over time, and also that the clusters are not regular shapes but form arbitrary shapes in the data space. Previous techniques for clustering such data streams are either hybrid online / offline methods, windowed offline methods, or find only hyper-elliptical clusters. In this paper we present a fully online technique for clustering evolving data streams into arbitrary shaped clusters. It is a two stage technique that is accurate, robust to noise, computationally and memory efficient, with a low time penalty as the number of data dimensions increases. The first stage of the technique produces micro-clusters and the second stage combines these micro-clusters into macro-clusters. Dimensional stability and high speed is achieved through keeping the calculations both simple and minimal using hyper-spherical micro-clusters. By maintaining a graph structure, where the micro-clusters are the nodes and the edges are its pairs with intersecting micro-clusters, we minimise the calculations required for macro-cluster maintenance. The micro-clusters themselves are described in such a way that there is no calculation required for the core and shell regions and no separate definition of outer micro-clusters necessary. We demonstrate the ability of the proposed technique to join and separate macro-clusters as they evolve in a fully online manner. There are no other fully online techniques that the authors are aware of and so we compare the technique with popular online / offline hybrid alternatives for accuracy, purity and speed. The technique is then applied to real atmospheric science data streams and used to discover short term, long term and seasonal drift and their effects on anomaly detection. As well as having favourable computational characteristics, the technique can add analytic value over hyper-elliptical methods by characterising the cluster hyper-shape using Euclidean or fractal shape factors. Because the technique records macro-clusters as graphs, further analytic value accrues from characterising the order, degree, and completeness of the cluster-graphs as they evolve over time.
Neuroprotection by <i>S</i> ‐nitrosoglutathione of brain dopamine neurons from oxidative stress (1998)

The proposed anti- and pro-oxidant effects of nitric oxide (NO) derivatives, such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and peroxynitrite, were investigated in the rat nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Intranigral infusion of freshly prepared GSNO (0-16.8 nmol, i.n.) prevented iron-induced (4.2 nmol, i.n.) oxidative stress and nigral injury, reflected by a decrease in striatal dopamine levels. This neuroprotective effect of GSNO was verified by ex vivo imaging of brain dopamine uptake sites using 125I-labeled RTI-55. In addition, in vitro data indicate that GSNO concentration-dependently inhibited iron-evoked hydroxyl radical generation and brain lipid peroxidation. In this iron-induced oxidant stress model, GSNO was approximately 100-fold more potent than the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Light-exposed, NO-exhausted GSNO produced neither antioxidative nor neuroprotective effects, which indicates that NO may mediate at least part of GSNO's effects. Moreover, GSNO completely (and GSH only partially) inhibited the weak pro-oxidant effect of peroxynitrite, which produced little injury to nigral neurons in vivo. This study provides relevant in vivo evidence suggesting that nanomol GSNO can protect brain dopamine neurons from iron-induced oxidative stress and degeneration. In conclusion, S-nitrosylation of GSH by NO and oxygen may be part of the antioxidative cellular defense system.
Tissue‐specific expression of <i>Arabidopsis AKT1</i> gene is consistent with a role in K<sup>+</sup> nutrition (1996)

AKT1, a putative inwardly directed K+ channel of Arabidopsis, restores long-term potassium uptake in a yeast mutant defective in K+ absorption. In this paper, the expression pattern of the gene encoding AKT1 is described. Northern blots indicate that AKT1 transcripts are preferentially accumulated in Arabidopsis roots. Owing to the difficulties in producing large quantities of Arabidopsis roots under hydroponic conditions, experiments were undertaken with Brassica napus, a related species. Potassium starvation experiments on B. napus plants show that changes in the K+ status of the organs do not modify AKT1 mRNA accumulation. Western blot analysis of B. napus proteins confirms the presence of AKT1 at the root plasma membrane. Tissue-specific expression directed by the Arabidopsis AKT1 gene promoter was investigated by analysis of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic Arabidopsis containing an AKT1-GUS gene fusion. As determined by fluorimetric and histochemical tests, the AKT1 promoter directs preferential expression in the peripheral cell layers of root mature regions. The discrete activity found in leaves relates to leaf primordia and to small groups of cells, hydathodes, found on toothed margins of the Arabidopsis leaf lamina. These data are discussed with regard to a possible role of AKT1 in K+ nutrition of plants.