gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective photothermal self-excitation of mechanical modes of a micro-cantilever for force microscopy (2011)

We present an optomechanical scheme for selective self-excitation of a particular mechanical mode of a micro-cantilever. Depending on the slope of interference, the oscillation of the laser illuminated micro-cantilever can be either damped or enhanced by the retarded bolometric backaction. Selective self-excitation of the first two modes is achieved by positioning the laser spot on a specific region along the lever. A theoretical simulation has been performed to provide guidance in the photothermal self-excitation of higher-order modes. This efficient self-excitation technique offers a simple control scheme in force microscopy imaging with higher-order mechanical mode of micro-cantilever.
Visible light communication using mobile-phone camera with data rate higher than frame rate (2015)

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors are widely used in mobile-phone and cameras. Hence, it is attractive if these image sensors can be used as the visible light communication (VLC) receivers (Rxs). However, using these CMOS image sensors are challenging. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a VLC link using mobile-phone camera with data rate higher than frame rate of the CMOS image sensor. We first discuss and analyze the features of using CMOS image sensor as VLC Rx, including the rolling shutter effect, overlapping of exposure time of each row of pixels, frame-to-frame processing time gap, and also the image sensor "blooming" effect. Then, we describe the procedure of synchronization and demodulation. This includes file format conversion, grayscale conversion, column matrix selection avoiding blooming, polynomial fitting for threshold location. Finally, the evaluation of bit-error-rate (BER) is performed satisfying the forward error correction (FEC) limit.
A Modular Strategy Toward the Synthesis of Heparin-like Oligosaccharides Using Monomeric Building Blocks in a Sequential Glycosylation Strategy (2005)

A novel flexible assembly strategy is described for the modular synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfates. The reported strategy uses monomeric building blocks to construct the oligosaccharide chain to attain a maximum degree of flexibility. In the assembly, 1-hydroxyl glucosazido- and 1-thio uronic acid donors are combined in a sequential glycosylation protocol using sulfonium triflate activator systems. The key 1-thio uronic acids were obtained in an efficient manner from diacetone glucose employing a chemo- and regioselective oxidation of partially protected glucose and idose thioglycosides.
Counterions and Water in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers:  A Tale of Two Polycations (2006)

Attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared, ATR-FTIR, spectroscopy was used to compare the water uptake and doping within polyelectrolyte multilayers made from poly(styrene sulfonate), PSS, and a polycation, either poly(allylamine hydrochloride), PAH, or poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDADMAC. Unlike PDADMA/PSS multilayers, whose water content depended on the solution ionic strength, PAH/PSS multilayers were resistant to doping by NaCl to a concentration of 1.2 M. Using (infrared active) perchlorate salt, the fraction of residual counterions in PDADMA/PSS and PAH/PSS was determined to be 3% and 6%, respectively. The free energy of association between the polymer segments, in the presence of NaClO4, was about 5 kJ mol-1 and -10 kJ mol-1, respectively, for PDADMA/PSS and PAH/PSS, indicating the relatively strong association between the polymer segments in the latter relative to the former. Varying the pH of the solution in contact with the PAH/PSS multilayer revealed a transition to a highly swollen state, interpreted to signal protonation of PAH under much more basic conditions than the pKa of the solution polymer. The increase in the multilayer pKa suggested an interaction energy for PAH/PSS in NaCl of ca. 16 kJ mol-1.
Effect of imidazolium room-temperature ionic liquids on aggregation of amphotericin B: a circular dichroism study (2015)

The aggregate–monomer equilibrium of amphotericin B could be controlled by the structure of the room-temperature ionic liquid.
Diagnostic value of anti-CCP antibody and IgG-Rf in rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

Objective To explore the clinical value of the combined detection of anti - cyclic Cit-rullinated peptide(anti-CCP) antibody and rheumatoid factor (Rf) in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Anti- CCP antibody was measured by ELISA and IgG- Rf were detected by rate nephe-lometry. Results In 68 patients with RA the sensitivity for anti - CCP antibody and IgG - Rf were 57.4%and 69.1% respectively. In 61 non-RA patients the speciality for anti -CCP was 97. 6% ,and for IgG- Rfwas 89.7%. If combined the detection of anti -CCP antibody and IgG -Rf,the sensitivity reached 30.9% ,the speciality reached 100%. In 21 patients with negative IgG - Rf 6 cases were anti - CCP antibody positive, the positive rate was 28.6%. In 47 patients with positive IgG - Rf 42 cases were anti - CCP antibody positive, the positive rate was 89.4%. Conclusions Anti -CCP antibody could improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of RA. The combined detection of anti - CCP antibody and IgG - Rf could reduce the misdiagnosis of RA. Mean-time the speciality and the positive predicative value could be raised.

Key words: 
Anti -cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody; Rheumatoid factor;  Rheumatoid arthritis
Cervical Softening During Pregnancy: Regulated Changes in Collagen Cross-Linking and Composition of Matricellular Proteins in the Mouse1 (2011)

A greater understanding of the parturition process is essential in the prevention of preterm birth, which occurs in 12.7% of infants born in the United States annually. Cervical remodeling is a critical component of this process. Beginning early in pregnancy, remodeling requires cumulative, progressive changes in the cervical extracellular matrix (ECM) that result in reorganization of collagen fibril structure with a gradual loss of tensile strength. In the current study, we undertook a detailed biochemical analysis of factors in the cervix that modulate collagen structure during early mouse pregnancy, including expression of proteins involved in processing of procollagen, assembly of collagen fibrils, cross-link formation, and deposition of collagen in the ECM. Changes in these factors correlated with changes in the types of collagen cross-links formed and packing of collagen fibrils as measured by electron microscopy. Early in pregnancy there is a decline in expression of two matricellular proteins, thrombospondin 2 and tenascin C, as well as a decline in expression of lysyl hydroxylase, which is involved in cross-link formation. These changes are accompanied by a decline in both HP and LP cross-links by gestation Days 12 and 14, respectively, as well as a progressive increase in collagen fibril diameter. In contrast, collagen abundance remains constant over the course of pregnancy. We conclude that early changes in tensile strength during cervical softening result in part from changes in the number and type of collagen cross-links and are associated with a decline in expression of two matricellular proteins thrombospondin 2 and tenascin C.
Nitride Capacities in the CaO-base Ternary Slags at 1873 K. (1996)

Nitride capacities (CN=(mass%N)·PO23/4/PN21/2) in the CaO-Al2O3-MgO(ZrO2) and CaO-SiO2-MgO(TiOx) ternary slags were measured at 1873K by a gas-slag equilibration technique, using an Mo, Al2O3 or MgO crucible under controlled partial pressures of oxygen (log(PO2/atm)=-11--14) and nitrogen (PN2=0.9 atm). The CN values increased with increasing the contents of nitride former oxides. The CN values in the CaO-AlO1.5-MOx (MOx=MgO, SiO2, ZrO2, TiOx) slags at XCaO/XAlO1.5=0.4-0.7 increased in the order of MgO<SiO2<ZrO2<TiOx and those in the CaO-SiO2-MOx (MOx=MgO, AlO1.5, TiOx) slags at XCaO/XSiO2=1.0-1.5 increased in the order of MgO<AlO1.5<TiOx at a given MOx content.
A Case of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated by Repeated Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Using DC beads® Followed with Resection (2014)

In patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and no anti-cancer treatment, the prognosis is quite poor. But in some cases, repeated sessions of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) reduce the tumor size even to resectable, and post-TACE resection may prolong the survival time. We present a case of 50-year-old HBV carrier woman with abdominal distension. The diagnosis was huge HCC with intrahepatic metastasis. Repeated intra-arterial injections of adriamycin mixed lipiodol or DC beadsÂ® (100-300/300-500/500-700 Î¼m, Â©BIOCOMPATIBLES UK LTD) were instituted through ten sessions for 13 months. The tumor size became reduced with a partial response after 10th TACE and post-TACE resection was performed. No visible HCCs and decreased tumor markers were noted on the examinations 3 months after the resection.
Detection of pur operon-attenuated mRNA and accumulated degradation intermediates in Bacillus subtilis. (1988)

Transcription of the Bacillus subtilis pur operon is regulated independently by adenine and guanine nucleotides (Ebbole, D. J., and Zalkin, H. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8274-8287). Guanine nucleotides regulate transcription by a termination-antitermination mechanism in a 242-nucleotide, 5'-untranslated mRNA leader region. We have identified an apparently intact, terminated transcript of approximately 200 nucleotides in length, having a half-life of about 0.7 min. The terminated transcript is degraded in a series of discrete steps resulting in the accumulation of stable intermediates in vivo. We have used Northern blot analysis, primer extension, and nuclease S1 mapping to align the degradation intermediates with the nucleotide sequence and assign secondary structures that may contribute to the stability of the intermediates. Degradation is initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage of the approximately 200-nucleotide terminated transcript generating approximately 93- and approximately 97-nucleotide 5' and 3' moieties, respectively. The approximately 93-nucleotide 5' and approximately 97-nucleotide 3' intermediates are further degraded to approximately 88 and approximately 58 nucleotides, respectively. The 5'-end of pur operon mRNA and the attenuated transcript are degraded by different pathways.
Cutaneous allergic contact dermatitis responses are diminished in mice deficient in neurokinin 1 receptors and augmented by neurokinin 2 receptor blockage (2004)

Sensory neuropeptides such as neurokinin A (NKA) or particularly substance P (SP) by neurokinin receptor (NK-R) activation modulate skin and immune cells functions during neurogenic inflammation. In this study, we examined the relative importance of SP/NK-1Rs or NKA/NK-2Rs in a murine model for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and tested if the functional absence of NK-Rs will impair inflammatory response in vivo. Mice lacking NK-1Rs (C57BL/6J-NK-1R-/-) displayed a significantly reduced ACD inflammatory ear swelling response to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) with histological less edema and 50% fewer infiltrating leukocytes compared with the ACD response in wild-type (+/+) animals. In NK-1R+/+ mice, transient NK-1R inhibition impaired ACD sensitization. In vitro haptenized bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from NK-1R+/+ mice matured in the presence of an NK-1R antagonist displayed a reduced capability to induce T cell proliferation in vitro and ACD after adoptive transfer into naïve wild-type mice in vivo. By contrast, NK-2R inhibition significantly enhanced the ACD response in NK-1R null or in wild-type mice, whereas epicutaneous application of NK-2R agonists diminished the ACD inflammation. In conclusion, NK-1R and SP are required for antigen sensitization and a full inflammatory response to cutaneous allergens and NKA and the NK-2R mediate a contrasting anti-inflammatory role in ACD. Thus, SP, NKA, NK-1R, and NK-2R have important but differential roles in the regulation of cutaneous inflammatory responses.
HUME ON THE VIRTUES OF TESTIMONY (2001)

Etude de la conception du temoignage developpee par Hume dans l'«Essai sur l'entendement humain», concernant a la fois le domaine de la science et celui de la religion. Mesurant la credibilite du temoignage au sein de certaines communautes scientifiques, ainsi que le role de l'observation et de la convention dans son rapport a la verite, l'A. privilegie la position de Hume a celle, concurrente, de T. Reid.
Toxicity of pristine graphene in experiments in a chicken embryo model (2014)

Evaluation of the potential cytotoxicity of graphene is a key factor for medical applications, where flakes or a surface of graphene may be used as bioactive molecules, drug carriers, or biosensors. In the present work, effects of pristine graphene (pG) on the development of a living organism, with an emphasis on morphological and molecular states of the brain, were investigated using a chicken embryo model. Fertilized chicken eggs were divided into the control group and groups administered with pG suspended in milli-Q water at concentrations of 50 μg/L, 100 μg/L, 500 μg/L, 1,000 μg/L, 5,000 μg/L, and 10,000 μg/L (n=30 per group). The experimental solutions were injected in ovo into the albumin and then the eggs were incubated. After 19 days of incubation, the survival, weight of the body and organs, and blood serum biochemical indices were measured. The brain samples were collected for microscopic examination of brain ultrastructure and measurements of gene and protein expression. Survival of embryos was significantly decreased after treatment with pG, but the body and organ weights as well as biochemical indices were not affected. In all treatment groups, some atypical ultrastructures of the brain were observed, but they were not enhanced by the increasing concentrations of pG. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen at the messenger ribonucleic acid level was downregulated, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei was significantly reduced in the 500-10,000 μg/L groups compared with the control group, indicating a decreased rate of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the brain. The present results demonstrate some harmful effects of the applied pG flakes on the developing organism, including brain tissue, which ought to be considered prior to any medical applications.
지방정부의 공론화 사례 연구 - 전주시의 옛 대한방직 부지 관련 시민공론화 사례를 중심으로 - (2021)

2017년 신고리 5ㆍ6호기 공론조사가 성공적으로 마무리 되었다. 이후 중앙정부나 지방정부를 막론하고 공론화를 통해 결정하기 힘든 정책문제를 해결하는 기제로 활용하려고 하고 있다.
본 연구는 전주시가 2020년～2021년에 실시한 옛 대한방직 부지의 공론화 과정을 분석하였다. 이 부지의 용도변경 문제는 특혜시비가 발생할 수 있어 전주시는 다루기에 껄끄러운 문제이고, 지방정치인에게는 정치적 부담으로 작용하였다.
분석결과, 공론화의 주제가 부적합한 것이었음에도 불구하고, 공론화 과정은 비교적 잘 이루어져서 옛 대한방직 부지를 상업지역으로 용도변경해서 복합공간으로 개발해야 한다는 권고안을 도출하여 전주시에 전달하였다.
분석결과를 토대로 시사점을 도출하면 ①공론화의 주제가 적합해야 한다, ②대표성과 관련하여 형식적인 대표성보다는 실질적인 대표성을 확보하기 위해 노력해야 한다. ③공론화의 대상에 따라 공론화 방식을 달리해야 한다. ④공론화 최종단계에서 의견조사를 할 경우 얼마나 학습되어 있는 가의 정도를 파악할 필요가 있다 등이다.
Acquisition time distribution for spread-spectrum receivers (1990)

Serial search spread-spectrum code acquisition is analyzed. A modified flow graph is presented. It permits the use of a generalized lock strategy and allows the false alarm time to be treated as a random variable. The distribution of acquisition time is obtained directly by using an extended generalization of Bernoulli trials. Compared to recent work which uses a fixed penalty false alarm time, the analysis is more general and requires fewer assumptions and approximations. The analysis is suitable for both single dwell and multidwell systems. Examples are presented to show the effect on the acquisition time distribution of sequence length and normalized detection threshold.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prediction-capable data compression algorithms for improving transmission efficiency on distributed systems (2002)

Network bandwidth is a limited and precious resource in distributed computing environments. Insufficient bandwidth will severely degrade the performance of a distributed computing task in exchanging massive amounts of data among the networked hosts. A feasible solution to save bandwidth is to incorporate data compression during transmission. However blind, or unconditional, compression may only result in waste of CPU power and even slow down the overall network transfer rate, if the data to be transmitted are hard to compress. We present a prediction-capable lossless data compression algorithm to address this problem. By adapting to the compression speed of a host CPU, current system load, and network speed, our algorithm can accurately estimate the compression time of each data block given, and decide whether it should be compressed or not. Experimental results indicate that our prediction mechanism is both efficient and effective, achieving 93% of prediction accuracy at the cost of only 3.2% of the execution time of unconditional compression.
Altered phosphorylation of tau protein in heat-shocked rats and patients with Alzheimer disease. (1991)

Six hours after heat shocking 2- to 3-month-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at 42 degrees C for 15 min, we analyzed tau protein immunoreactivity in SDS extracts of cerebrums and peripheral nerves by using immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry with the anti-tau monoclonal antibody Tau-1, which recognizes a phosphate-dependent non-phosphorylated epitope, and with 125I-labeled protein A. In the cerebral extracts, we found altered phosphorylation of tau in heat-shocked females, characterized by a marked reduction in the amount of nonphosphorylated tau, a doubling of the ratio of total (phosphorylated plus nonphosphorylated) tau to nonphosphorylated tau, and the appearance of the slowest moving phosphorylated tau polypeptide (68 kDa). Similar, but milder, changes were observed in male rats. These changes progressively increased in females from 3 to 6 h after heat shocking. In contrast, both phosphorylated tau and nonphosphorylated tau were reduced in peripheral nerves after heat shocking. In immunoblots of SDS extracts from Alzheimer disease-affected brain, the two slowest moving phosphorylated tau polypeptides (62 kDa and 66 kDa, respectively) were detected by Tau-1 after dephosphorylation and by Tau-2 (an anti-tau-monoclonal antibody that recognizes a phosphate-independent epitope) without prior dephosphorylation only in regions that contained tau immunoreactivity in histologic preparations. In addition, quantitative immunoblot analysis of cortex and the underlying white matter with Tau-1 and 125I-labeled protein A showed that the amount of phosphorylated tau progressively increased in the Alzheimer disease-affected cerebral cortex, while concurrently a proportionally lesser amount of tau entered the white matter axons. The similar findings for the rat heat-shock model and Alzheimer disease suggest that life stressors may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.
A NOVEL HEMIGRAMICIDIN-TEMPO CONJUGATE HAS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO. (2006)

Macias, Carlos A; Killeen, Meaghan E; Singh, Devinder; Delude, Russell L; Fink, Mitchell P; Wipf, Peter Author Information
The lethal multiple congenital anomaly syndrome of polydactyly, sex reversal, renal hypoplasia, and unilobular lungs. (1986)

Three cases are reported of a lethal multiple congenital anomaly syndrome. The infants had moderate limb shortening, joint contractures, polydactyly, and the two with male karyotypes had female external genitalia. Internal anomalies included unilobular lungs, hypoplasia of the anterior portion of the tongue, and renal hypoplasia.
Multi-Terabyte and multi-Gbps information centric routers (2014)

One of the main research directions along which the future Internet is evolving can be identified in the paradigmatic shift from a network of hosts toward a network of caches. Yet, several questions remain concerning the scalability of individual algorithms (e.g., name based lookup and routing) and components (e.g., caches) of these novel Information Centric Networking (ICN) architectures. Exploiting a peculiar characteristics of ICN (i.e., the fact that contents are split in chunks), and the nature of video streaming (which dominates Internet traffic), this paper proposes a novel two-layers caching scheme that allows multi-Terabyte caches to sustain content streaming at multi-Gbps speed. We model the system as an extension, to the case of chunked contents, of the well known Che approximation, that has the advantage of being very simple and accurate at the same time. Simulations under synthetic and realistic trace-driven traffic confirm the accuracy of the analysis and the feasibility of the proposed architecture.
Nano-Electromechanical Displacement Sensing Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

We present a nano-electromechanical system based on an individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) demonstrating their potential use for future displacement sensing at the nanoscale. The fabrication and characterization of the proposed nanoscaled transducer, consisting of a suspended metal cantilever mounted on top of the center of a suspended SWNT, is presented and discussed. The displacement of the nanoscale cantilever is detected via the electromechanically induced change in conductance of the strained SWNT. A relative differential resistance sensitivity (for a metallic SWNT) of up to 27.5%/nm was measured and a piezoresistive gauge factor of a SWNT of up to 2900 was extracted.
Linewidth effect and phase control in Ni fully silicided gates (2006)

The scalability of Ni fully silicided (FUSI) gate processes to short gate lengths was studied for NiSi, Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Si, and Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31 </sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> . It is shown that the control of the deposited Ni-to-Si ratio is not effective for phase and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> control at short gate lengths. A transition to Ni-richer phases at short gate lengths was found for nonoptimized NiSi and Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Si processes with excessive thermal budgets, resulting in significant V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> shifts for devices on HfSiON consistent with the difference in work function among the Ni silicide phases. Linewidth-independent phase control with smooth V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> rolloff characteristics was demonstrated for NiSi, Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Si, and Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12 </sub> FUSI gates by controlling the Ni-to-Si reacted ratio through optimization of the thermal budget of silicidation (prior to selective Ni removal). Phase characterization over a wide temperature range indicated that the process windows for scalable NiSi and Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Si are less than or equal to 25 degC, whereas a single-phase Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> is obtained over an ~200degC temperature range