gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous Balloon Delivery of S-dC28 Does Not Prevent Restenosis in the Porcine Coronary Artery Model of Balloon Injury (1999)

Phosphorothioate (PS) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through antisense and G-quartet aptameric mechanisms. PS-ODN such as the cytidine homopolymers, have been demonstrated to have non-G-quartet, nonsequence-specific inhibitory effects in a rat carotid balloon injury model of neointimal proliferation. We sought to test the efficacy of S-dC28, a cytidine homopolymer lacking G-quartets, on neointimal proliferation in the porcine coronary artery model of balloon injury. A total of 23 animals (11 controls, 12 treated) were subjected to balloon injury in a coronary artery, followed by infusion of control solution or S-dC28 via porous balloon, the Scimed Dispatch Coronary Infusion Catheter. After a mean interval of 49 days, the animals were killed, and the target coronary segments were examined histologically. S-dC28 did not significantly inhibit neointimal formation. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled S-dC28 was present in the intima and media immediately after administration but was present mainly within the adventitia 3 hours after administration. S-dC28, when delivered by a Scimed Dispatch Coronary Infusion Catheter (Maple Grove, MN), did not significantly affect neointimal proliferation after balloon injury in a porcine coronary artery model.
Enveloped virus inactivation using neutral arginine solutions and applications in therapeutic protein purification processes (2013)

For the manufacturing of recombinant protein therapeutics produced from mammalian cell culture, demonstrating the capacity of the purification process to effectively clear infectious viruses is a regulatory requirement. At least two process steps, using different mechanisms of virus removal and/or inactivation, should be validated in support of the regulatory approval process. For example, exposure of the product stream to low pH, detergents or solvent/detergent combinations is commonly incorporated in protein purification processes for the inactivation of lipid-enveloped viruses. However, some proteins have limited stability at low pH or in the presence of the detergents, and alternative techniques for achieving the inactivation of enveloped viruses would be beneficial. We present here an alternative and novel approach for the rapid inactivation of enveloped viruses using pH-neutral buffer solutions containing arginine. The implementation of this approach in a monoclonal antibody or Fc-fusion protein purification process is described and illustrated with several different therapeutic proteins. The use of the neutral pH arginine solution was able to effectively inactivate two enveloped model viruses, with no measurable effect on the product quality of the investigated proteins. Thus, the use of pH-neutral arginine containing buffer solutions provides an alternative means of virus inactivation where other forms of virus inactivation, such as low pH and/or solvent/detergent treatments are not possible or undesirable due to protein stability limitations.
Molecular detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus (2001)

Human papillomavirus infections are associated with the development of cervical neoplasia. Human papillomavirus is a group of heterogeneous viruses, comprising many genotypes, which can be divided into high-risk and low-risk types, depending on their association with disease. Therefore, accurate molecular diagnostic tools are required for detection and identification of human papillomavirus. Monitoring of human papillomavirus infection is necessary for adequate patient management and follow-up during treatment. This review describes the different molecular methods available for human papillomavirus detection and identification of genotypes.
Design of a noncooled fiber collimator for compact, high-efficiency fiber laser arrays (2016)

A high-power fiber laser collimator and array of collimators are described with optical architecture, allowing one to transmit almost 100% of the full power output from fiber facets. In the case of coherent beam combining, more than 70% of the full power can be focused into a diffraction limited spot determined by the diameter of the conformal aperture. The truncated-Gaussian beam tails are not trapped inside the array but are redirected through the output lenses and dispersed outside of the array along with the main collimated beam, thus eliminating the requirement for cooling the array. Detailed analysis is presented for the beam tail propagation geometry's dependence on array optical parameters, including the interior redirecting lenses. The parasitic scattering from imperfections of the interior lenses is estimated to be as small as a few watts when 1.5-2 kW is emitted by each fiber facet.
Development of Mid-Infrared-based Calibration Equations for Predicting Soil Nitrate, Phosphate, and Organic Matter Concentrations (2006)

The purpose of this paper was to develop calibration equations for predicting nitrate,phosphate, and organic matter concentrations in soil pastes using mid-infrared attenuated totalreflection (ATR) spectroscopy. Wavelet analysis was used to locate a wavenumber at which theabsorbance was due to nitrate alone and not influenced by carbonate or other components in thesoil. The absorbance at this location was correlated to the nitrate content. Results of the fieldexperiments gave R2-values as high as 0.99 and standard errors as low as 8 ppm NO3-N forindividual experiments. Pooling the absorbance values from all eight laboratory and six field soilspectra together gave a R2-value of 0.98 suggesting that a unique calibration curve exists regardlessof soil type. Also, a filter-based, rugged, mid-infrared spectrometer capable of use in a fieldenvironment was utilized to develop similar calibration equations for predicting nitrate, phosphorus,and organic matter content in soils. These preliminary results are also presented in this paper.
<sup>99m</sup>Tc-Labeling and in Vivo Studies of a Bombesin Analogue with a Novel Water-Soluble Dithiadiphosphine-Based Bifunctional Chelating Agent (1999)

Recent progress in the synthesis of water-soluble phosphine ligand systems and their corresponding 99mTc complexes prompted the development of a new bifunctional chelating agent (BFCA) based on a tetradentate dithiadiphosphine framework (P2S2-COOH). The detailed synthesis of this new BFCA is described here. The corresponding 99mTc complex, 99mTc-P2S2-COOH, can be formed in >95% yield. To demonstrate the potential of this chelate to efficiently label peptides, 99mTc-P2S2-COOH was coupled to the N-terminal region of the truncated nine-amino acid bombesin analogue, 5-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 [BBN(7-14)], to form 99mTc-P2S2-BBN(7-14). Conjugation to the peptide was performed in borate buffer (pH 8.5) by applying the prelabeling approach in yields of >60%. In competitive binding assays, using Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells against [125I-Tyr4]bombesin, Re-P2S2-BBN(7-14) exhibited an IC50 value of 0.8 +/- 0.4 nM. The pharmacokinetic studies of 99mTc-P2S2-BBN(7-14) and its ability to target tissue expressing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors were performed in normal mice. The 99mTc-P2S2-BBN(7-14) exhibited fast and efficient clearance from the blood pool (0.6 +/- 0.1% ID, 4 h postinjection) and excretion through the renal and hepatobiliary pathways (56.4 +/- 8.2 and 28.1 +/- 7.9% ID, 4 h postinjection, respectively). Significant uptake in the pancreas was observed (pancreatic acini cells express bombesin/GRP receptors), producing pancreas:blood and pancreas:muscle ratios of ca. 22 and 80, respectively, at 4 h postinjection.
Technical considerations in MR angiography: An image‐based guide (2013)

As the complexity of the magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques grows, it becomes more difficult for the practicing radiologist to appreciate the physical principles underlying these studies. Nevertheless, such an understanding is requisite for improving clinical image quality. As radiologists are most accustomed to dealing with medical images in everyday practice, it seems natural that an image-based approach to teaching MRA physics, rather than complex mathematical equations or pulse sequence diagrams, would be preferable. This article adopts such an approach. Simple ways to improve MRA image quality are emphasized along with new technologies and their physical basis. The ultimate goal of the article is to facilitate the practicing radiologist becoming more aware of the variety of MR techniques available, being more confident in modifying sequence parameters to improve image quality and reduce contrast dose, and understanding the basis behind newer MRA techniques.
QoS-ocMPI: QoS-aware on-chip Message Passing Library for NoC-based Many-Core MPSoCs (2010)

Homogeneous and heterogeneous NoC-based manycore MPSoCs are becoming widespread in many application areas. The diversity and spare network traffic characteristics generated by the IPs makes mandatory to provide certain Quality of Service (QoS) support for critical traffic streams on the system at application level even from the parallel programming model. In this paper, we present a hardware-software approach to enable QoS from the parallel programming model on the emerging NoC-based many-core MPSoCs. We designed NoC hardware QoS support, and the associated middleware API which enables runtime QoS on parallel programs. Additionally, a QoS-aware on-chip Message Passing Interface (ocMPI) stack is presented where QoS streams can be handled automatically on the system by means of task annotation on the ocMPI library, in order to distribute and balance workload under congestion, guaranteed throughput and latency bounds of critical processes and, in general to boost and meet QoS application requirements. Our experimental results during the execution of message passing parallel programs using prioritized and guaranteed services extensions on the QoS-aware ocMPI library show an average speedup of â15% and â35%, respectivelly.
Catalytic Asymmetric Ring-Opening Metathesis/Cross Metathesis (AROM/CM) Reactions. Mechanism and Application to Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentanes (2001)

Studies regarding the first examples of catalytic asymmetric ring-opening metathesis (AROM) reactions are detailed. This enantioselective cleavage of norbornyl alkenes is followed by an intermolecular cross metathesis with a terminal olefin partner; judicious selection of olefin is required so that oligomerization and dimerization side products are avoided. Results outlined herein suggest that the presence of suitably positioned heteroatom substituents may be critical to reaction efficiency. Mo-catalyzed tandem AROM/CM affords functionalized cyclopentyl dienes in >98% ee and >98% trans olefin selectivity; both secondary and tertiary ether products can be obtained. The examples provided include the catalytic synthesis of an optically pure cyclopentyl epoxide and dimethyl acetal. Mechanistic studies suggest that it is the more substituted benzylidene or silylated alkylidenes that are involved in the catalytic process (vs the corresponding Mo-methylidenes). Although electron rich benzylidenes react more efficiently, the derived electron poor Mo complexes promote AROM/CM transformations as well; alkylidenes that bear a boron substituent are unreactive.
Parameter tying in writer-dependent recognition of on-line handwriting (1996)

We describe experiments on a writer dependent large vocabulary (20000) handwriting recognition system. The goal was to investigate the effects of different degrees of tying (and hence, of the number) of parameters on the error rate. The system recognizes cursive, printed or any combination thereof of script in real time on small PC platforms. Baseline results for a writer independent system are also included. Since we are only interested in the shape models no language models were used.
Mid-dilution on-line haemodiafiltration in a standard dialyser configuration (2004)

Our preliminary results need confirmation in a prospective cross-over study. However, the Nephros MD 190 haemodiafilter promises to be a true technological step ahead in terms of improved beta2-microglobulin removal.
Quantitative information in decay curves obtained with a pulsed ion mobility spectrometer (2012)

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is well known for its very high sensitivity, and thus IMS spectra are commonly used in the identification of trace gases. Extracting quantitative information from IMS spectra is, in contrast, difficult, especially regarding the reproducibility due to the nature of the processes involved in the measurement of the spectra. Here we present data extracted from signal decay curves obtained with a pulsed IMS, which can support the determination of substance concentrations in the lower ppb range with good stability.
Computer-Aided Prescription of Communication Aids for the Non-Vocal Motor Handicapped (1982)

The problem of prescribing alternative communication systems for motor disabled non-vocal people is outlined. Attention is called to the diverse, multi-dimensional character of the human assessment problem. Techniques under development for finding the optimal match between descriptive profiles of patients and available devices are presented. Emphasis is given to the essential involvement of computers in the proposed methodologies.
Selective Picomolar Detection of Hexachlorobenzene in Water Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Thin Film (2003)

A molecular sensor for efficient and rapid recognition of hexachlorobenzene in water has been obtained by careful engineering of a thin, molecularly imprinted polymer thin film attached to a quartz crystal microbalance. Efficient imprinting was obtained in these films by controlling the heterogeneity of cross-linking in the polymer network and using appropriate electron-rich complements to the electron-deficient hexachlorobenzene. A comparison of the signals arising from two sensors, coated with imprinted and blank films respectively, unambiguously distinguishes hexachlorobenzene from small molecules of similar sizes and structures (anisole, benzene, chlorobenzene, and cyclohexane). The investigated sensors demonstrate both high selectivity and sensitivity (down to 10-12 mol L-1), while exhibiting an exceptionally fast response time (∼10 s).
Band offset induced threshold variation in strained-Si nMOSFETs (2003)

Due to the offset in the valence band, strained-Si nMOSFETs exhibit a -100 mV threshold shift and 4% degradation of the subthreshold slope per each 10% increase of Ge content in the relaxed SiGe layer. The correlation between the threshold shift and strained layer thickness is investigated based on device simulations. In a certain range of the strained-Si layer thickness, the threshold and subthreshold slope change gradually, posing a concern of larger device parameter variation. A larger threshold distribution is observed in devices fabricated with a strained layer thickness comparable to the depletion depth.
Index-assisted hierarchical computations in main-memory RDBMS (2016)

We address the problem of expressing and evaluating computations on hierarchies represented as database tables. Engine support for such computations is very limited today, and so they are usually outsourced into stored procedures or client code. Recently, data model and SQL language extensions were proposed to conveniently represent and work with hierarchies. On that basis we introduce a concept of structural grouping to relational algebra, provide concise syntax to express a class of useful computations, and discuss algorithms to evaluate them efficiently by exploiting available indexing schemes. This extends the versatility of RDBMS towards a great many use cases dealing with hierarchical data.
Low-Dose Daily Subcutaneous Interleukin-2 in Combination with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV + Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2000)

Daily, low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 therapy in conjunction with HAART is safe and well tolerated and is effective in expanding lymphocyte cell types including NK cells and naive T cells in individuals who have <300 CD4+ T cells.
Programmable spectral interferometric microscopy (2005)

A programmable optical sensor is proposed based on spectrally programmable heterodyne optical interferometric confocal microscopy implemented via an ultrastable in-line acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) based interferometer using double anisotropic acousto-optic Bragg diffraction. The design uses a tunable laser as the light source and anisotropic diffractions in an AOTF to generate two near-collinear orthogonal linear polarization and slightly displaced beams that both pass via the test sample to deliver highly sensitive sample birefringence or material optical retardation measurements. A spherical lens is used to form focused spots for high resolution confocal spatial sampling of the test object. Thus the instrument also forms a classic interferometric confocal microscope via the use of single mode fiber optics for the receive light. The laser and AOTF tuning allows birefringence measurements taken at different wavelengths, one at a time with minimal interwavelength crosstalk. Experimental demonstration of the instrument is achieved using a 1550nm center 100nm band tunable laser and variable birefringence liquid crystal and fixed retardance birefringent materials, all showing accurate retardation measurements to within a 0.5° rf phase accuracy. The instrument shows a fiber-in to fiber-out loss of 8.5dB. An alternate design via a transmissive beam generation design provides collinear co-located beams on the sample plane for superaccurate measurements.
Two distinct dimerization interfaces differentially modulate target gene specificity of nuclear hormone receptors. (1996)

Several nuclear receptors including the all-trans retinoic acid receptor RAR, form heterodimers with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor, RXR. RXR-RAR heterodimers show an impressive flexibility in DNA binding and can recognize palindromic, inverted palindromes and direct repeats of the core half-site sequence AGGTCA. Dimerization interfaces in the DNA-binding domains of RXR, RAR, and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) that promote selective binding to strictly spaced direct repeats have previously been identified. However, an additional dimerization domain is present within the ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of these receptors. Here we localize a transferable 40-amino acid region within the LBDs of RXR, RAR, TR, and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor that is critical for determining identity in the heterodimeric interaction and for high-affinity DNA binding. This region overlaps almost perfectly with a helical segment in the RXR LBD crystal structure that was recently demonstrated to be part of the dimer interface. Our data suggest a sequential pathway for nuclear receptor dimerization whereby the LBD dimerization interface initiates the formation of solution heterodimers that, in turn, acquire the capacity to bind to a number of differently organized repeats. Formation of a second dimer interface within the DNA-binding domain (DBD) restricts receptors to direct repeat targets. Accordingly, the combination of an obligatory (LBD) and an optional (DBD) dimerization domain imparts a dynamic DNA-binding potential to the heterodimerizing receptors that both increases the diversity of the hormonal response as well as providing a restricted set of target sequences in direct repeat elements that ensures physiological specificity.
Trifluoromethoxylation of Arenes: Synthesis of <i>ortho</i>‐Trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives by OCF<sub>3</sub> Migration (2014)

Aryl trifluoromethoxylation by a two-step sequence of O-trifluoromethylation of N-aryl-N-hydroxylamine derivatives and intramolecular OCF3 migration is presented. This protocol allows easy access to a wide range of synthetically useful ortho-OCF3 aniline derivatives. In addition, it utilizes bench-stable reagents, is operationally simple, shows high functional-group tolerance, and is amenable to gram-scale as well as one-pot synthesis. A reaction mechanism of a heterolytic cleavage of the NOCF3 bond followed by recombination of the resulting nitrenium ion and trifluoromethoxide is proposed for the OCF3 -migration reaction.
Polyphenol Oxidase in Potato (A Multigene Family That Exhibits Differential Expression Patterns) (1995)

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants was high in stolons, tubers, roots, and flowers but low in leaves and stems. PPO activity per tuber continued to increase throughout tuber development but was highest on a fresh weight basis in developing tubers. PPO activity was greatest at the tuber exterior, including the skin and cortex tissue 1 to 2 mm beneath the skin. Flowers had high PPO activity throughout development, particularly in the anthers and ovary. Five distinct cDNA clones encoding PPO were isolated from developing tuber RNA. POT32 was the major form expressed in tubers and was found in all parts of the tuber and at all stages of tuber development. It was also expressed in roots but not in photosynthetic tissues. POT33 was expressed in tubers but mainly in the tissue near the skin. POT72 was detected in roots and at low levels in developing tubers. NOR333 was identical with the P2 PPO clone previously isolated from potato leaves (M.D. Hunt, N.T. Eannetta, Y. Haifeng, S.M. Newman, J.C. Steffens [1993] Plant Mol Biol 21: 59-68) and was detected in young leaves and in tissue near the tuber skin but was highly expressed in flowers. The results indicate that PPO is present as a small multigene family in potato and that each gene has a specific temporal and spatial pattern of expression.
X-14766A, a halogen containing polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces malachitofuscus subsp. downeyi ATCC 31547. Discovery, fermentation, biological properties and taxonomy of the producing culture. (1981)

X-14766A is a novel, chlorine containing polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces inalachitofuscus subsp. downeyi. The antibiotic is active in vitro gainst Gram-positive bacteria and is capable of complexing and transporting monovalent as well as divalent metal cations.
Resolution-aware network coded storage (2013)

In this paper, we show that coding can be used in storage area networks (SANs) to improve various quality of service metrics under normal SAN operating conditions, without requiring additional storage space. For our analysis, we develop a model which captures modern characteristics such as constrained I/O access bandwidth limitations. Using this model, we consider two important cases: single-resolution (SR) and multi-resolution (MR) systems. For SR systems, we use blocking probability as the quality of service metric and propose the network coded storage (NCS) scheme as a way to reduce blocking probability. The NCS scheme codes across file chunks in time, exploiting file striping and file duplication. Under our assumptions, we illustrate cases where SR NCS provides an order of magnitude savings in blocking probability. For MR systems, we introduce saturation probability as a quality of service metric to manage multiple user types, and we propose the uncoded resolution- aware storage (URS) and coded resolution-aware storage (CRS) schemes as ways to reduce saturation probability. In MR URS, we align our MR layout strategy with traffic requirements. In MR CRS, we code videos across MR layers. Under our assumptions, we illustrate that URS can in some cases provide an order of magnitude gain in saturation probability over classic non-resolution aware systems. Further, we illustrate that CRS provides additional saturation probability savings over URS.