gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Model Predictive Control for Redistributive Lithium-Ion Battery Balancing (2016)

Energy storage systems with Lithium-ion batteries require balancing due to individual cells having manufacturing inconsistencies, different self-discharge rates, internal resistances, and temperature variations. Nondissipative redistributive balancing further improves on the pack capacity and efficiency over a dissipative approach where energy is consumed across shunt resistors. This paper presents a high-level fast model predictive control (MPC) in continuous time. The optimization problem uses performance metrics to balance the state of charge (SoC) in the battery pack. It is shown in simulation that MPC achieves a single point convergence of the SoC when compared against a common rule-based algorithm. This improves the efficiency of the power electronics and prolongs the life of each battery cell since frequent switching between charging and discharging of intermediate cells is avoided. Experimental results are presented to show a redistributive battery balancing system that achieves a balanced state in the minimum amount of time by coupling the fast MPC with microcontrollers available on todays market.
The Global File System (1996)

The Global File System (GFS) is a prototype design for a distributed file system in which cluster nodes physically share storage devices connected via a network-like Fibre Channel. Networks and network-attached storage devices have advanced to a level of performance and extensibility so that the previous disadvantages of shared disk architectures are no longer valid. This shared storage architecture attempts to exploit the sophistication of storage device technologies whereas a server architecture diminishes a device&apos;s role to that of a simple component. GFS distributes the file system responsibilities across processing nodes, storage across the devices, and file system resources across the entire storage pool. GFS caches data on the storage devices instead of the main memories of the machines. Consistency is established by using a locking mechanism maintained by the storage devices to facilitate atomic read-modify-write operations. The locking mechanism is being prototyped on Seagate disk drives and Ciprico disk arrays. GFS is implemented in the Silicon Graphics IRIX operating system and is accessed using standard Unix commands and utilities.
Comparative statistical analysis of indoor positioning using empirical data and indoor radio channel models (2006)

Indoor geolocation using maximum likelihood algorithms applied to the measured reference radio map of the received signal strength (RSS) in indoor areas has attracted tremendous attention in the recent published literature. In this paper we examine generation of reference radio maps using two different radio propagation models to replace on site measurements for calibration of these indoor geolocation systems. The first model used for radio propagation is a statistical model recommended by the IEEE 802.11 standardization committee and the second model is a simple building-specific two dimensional ray tracing algorithm. The empirical reference radio map of the RSS from seven access points in 257 locations is collected in the first floor of the Atwater Kent Laboratory, Worcester Polytechnic Institute which represents a typical indoor office area. Using the empirical radio map and the radio map generated from the results of radio propagation modeling, the performance of the nearest neighbor and maximum likelihood location estimation techniques are compared.
Temperature-modulated fluorescence tomography: modulating tissue temperature using HIFU for high-resolution<i>in vivo</i>fluorescence tomography (2013)

Low spatial resolution due to strong tissue scattering is one of the main barriers that prevent the wide-spread use of fluorescence tomography. To overcome this limitation, we previously demonstrated a new technique, temperature modulated fluorescence tomography (TM-FT), which relies on key elements: temperature sensitive ICG loaded pluronic nanocapsules and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), to combine the sensitivity of fluorescence imaging with focused ultrasound resolution. While conventional fluorescence tomography measurements are acquired, the tissue is scanned by a HIFU beam and irradiated to produce a local hot spot, in which the temperature increases nearly 5K. The fluorescence emission signal measured by the optical detectors varies drastically when the hot spot overlays onto the location of the temperature dependent nanocapsules. The small size of the focal spot (~1.4 mm) up to a depth of 6 cm, allows imaging the distribution of these temperature sensitive agents with not only high spatial resolution but also high quantitative accuracy in deep tissue using a proper image reconstruction algorithm. Previously we have demonstrated this technique with a phantom study with nanocapsules sensitive to 20-25°C range. In this work, we will show the first nanocapsules optimized for in vivo animal imaging.
Evaluating Corneal Fluorescein Staining Using a Novel Automated Method (2017)

The CFSi is easy to implement, provides higher interobserver consistency, and due to its continuous score can discriminate smaller differences in CFS. Reproducibility of the computer-based system is higher and, interestingly, the system allocates cases of epitheliopathy in different severity categories than clinicians do. The CFSi can be an alternative for objective CFS evaluation in the clinic and in clinical trials.
New stimulation strategy to improve the bladder function in paraplegics: chronic experiments in dogs (2005)

A neural electrical stimulation strategy, intended to recover the bladder functions, is proposed. Restoring urinary functions allows voluntary bladder voiding, and reduces or even suppresses hyperreflexia. The preliminary stimulation system is composed of subcutaneous implantable stimulators (an implant) and an external device. The implant includes the selective stimulation for bladder voiding, in addition to a new permanent stimulation technique to reduce (or cancel) the bladder hyperreflexia and so cures other related diseases. Permanent stimulation is a low frequency, low amplitude and all day long stimulation that needs to be battery powered. On the other hand, selective stimulation is a bi-frequency, punctual, precise and at a higher amplitude stimulation that is well controlled and powered from the outside. Eight prototypes of the stimulator have been used in an experimental evaluation in dogs to characterize the reliability and functionality of the new implant in-a real application environment. Preliminary results of the study show that the proposed stimulation system and the stimulation strategy provide significant improvement for bladder hyperreflexia curing while it confirmed the efficiency of the selective stimulation by means or high frequency blockage.
Plasmon-polariton modes guided by a metal film of finite width bounded by different dielectrics (2000)

The properties of some purely bound plasmon-polariton modes guided by an asymmetric waveguide structure composed of a thin lossy metal film of finite width supported by a dielectric substrate and covered by a different dielectric superstrate are presented for what is believed to be the first time. The mode spectrum supported by these structures is quite different from the spectrum supported by corresponding asymmetric slab structures or similar finite-width symmetric waveguides. Unlike these limiting cases, the dispersion with film thickness exhibits an unusual oscillatory character that is explained by a "switching" of constituent interface modes. This mode switching is unique to asymmetric finite-width structures. Above a certain cut-off film thickness, the structure can support a long-ranging mode and its attenuation decreases very rapidly with decreasing film thickness, more so than the long-ranging mode in symmetric structures. Also, the cutoff thickness of the long-ranging mode is larger than the cutoff thickness of the long-ranging mode in the corresponding asymmetric slab waveguide, which implies that propagation along finite-width films is more sensitive to the asymmetry in the structure than propagation along a similar slab structure. Both of these results are potentially useful for the transmission and control of optical radiation.
Nanoparticle-Supported Lipid Bilayers as an In Situ Remediation Strategy for Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Soils (2014)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent environmental organic contaminants due to their low water solubility and strong sorption onto organic/mineral surfaces. Here, nanoparticle-supported lipid bilayers (NP-SLBs) made of 100-nm SiO2 nanoparticles and the zwitterionic lipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) are investigated as constructs for removing PAHs from contaminated sites, using benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as an example. DMPC in the form of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) or DMPC-NP-SLBs with excess DMPC-SUVs to support colloidal stability, when added to saturated BaP solutions, sorb BaP in ratios of up to 10/1 to 5/1 lipid/BaP, over a 2-week period at 33 °C. This rate increases with temperature. The presence of humic acid (HA), as an analog of soil organic matter, does not affect the BaP uptake rate by DMPC-NP-SLBs and DMPC-SUVs, indicating preferential BaP sorption into the hydrophobic lipids. HA increases the zeta potential of these nanosystems, but does not disrupt their morphology, and enhances their colloidal stability. Studies with the common soil bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrate viability and growth using DMPC-NP-SLBs and DMPC-SUVs, with and without BaP, as their sole carbon source. Thus, NP-SLBs may be an effective method for remediation of PAHs, where the lipids provide both the method of extraction and stability for transport to the contaminant site.
Noncontact Monitoring of Blood Oxygen Saturation Using Camera and Dual-Wavelength Imaging System (2015)

We present a noncontact method to monitor blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). The method uses a CMOS camera with a trigger control to allow recording of photoplethysmography (PPG) signals alternatively at two particular wavelengths, and determines the SpO2 from the measured ratios of the pulsatile to the nonpulsatile components of the PPG signals at these wavelengths. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SpO2 value depends on the choice of the wavelengths. We found that the combination of orange (λ = 611 nm) and near infrared (λ = 880 nm) provides the best SNR for the noncontact video-based detection method. This combination is different from that used in traditional contact-based SpO 2 measurement since the PPG signal strengths and camera quantum efficiencies at these wavelengths are more amenable to SpO2 measurement using a noncontact method. We also conducted a small pilot study to validate the noncontact method over an SpO2 range of 83%-98%. This study results are consistent with those measured using a reference contact SpO2 device ( r = 0.936, ). The presented method is particularly suitable for tracking one's health and wellness at home under free-living conditions, and for those who cannot use traditional contact-based PPG devices.
FedV: Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning over Vertically Partitioned Data (2021)

Federated learning (FL) has been proposed to allow collaborative training of machine learning (ML) models among multiple parties where each party can keep its data private. In this paradigm, only model updates, such as model weights or gradients, are shared. Many existing approaches have focused on horizontal FL, where each party has the entire feature set and labels in the training data set. However, many real scenarios follow a vertically-partitioned FL setup, where a complete feature set is formed only when all the datasets from the parties are combined, and the labels are only available to a single party. Privacy-preserving vertical FL is challenging because complete sets of labels and features are not owned by one entity. Existing approaches for vertical FL require multiple peer-to-peer communications among parties, leading to lengthy training times, and are restricted to (approximated) linear models and just two parties. To close this gap, we propose FedV, a framework for secure gradient computation in vertical settings for several widely used ML models such as linear models, logistic regression, and support vector machines. FedV removes the need for peer-to-peer communication among parties by using functional encryption schemes; this allows FedV to achieve faster training times. It also works for larger and changing sets of parties. We empirically demonstrate the applicability for multiple types of ML models and show a reduction of 10%-70% of training time and 80% to 90% in data transfer with respect to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Time-Dependent Inhibition of Isoprenylcysteine Carboxyl Methyltransferase by Indole-Based Small Molecules (2006)

Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (Icmt) catalyzes the methylation of the C-terminal prenylcysteine found on prenylated proteins. Numerous studies have shown that the methylation step is important for the correct localization and function of many prenylated proteins, most notably GTPases in the Ras superfamily. We recently reported identification of a small molecule derived from an indole core as a potent, cell-active inhibitor of Icmt whose potency was increased upon preincubation with the enzyme [Winter-Vann, A. M., Baron, R. A., et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (12), 4336-41]. In the study presented here, we performed a kinetic characterization of this time-dependent inhibition of Icmt by 2-[5-(3-methylphenyl)-1-octyl-1H-indol-3-yl]acetamide (cysmethynil). These analyses revealed that cysmethynil is a competitive inhibitor with respect to the isoprenylated cysteine substrate and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to AdoMet, the methyl donor in the reaction. The Ki of cysmethynil for Icmt, which represents the dissociation constant of the initial complex with the enzyme, was 2.39 +/- 0.02 microM, and the Ki*, which is the overall dissociation constant of the inhibitor for the final complex, was 0.14 +/- 0.01 microM. The first-order rate constant for the conversion of the initial enzyme-inhibitor complex to the final high-affinity complex was 0.87 +/- 0.06 min-1, and that for the reverse process was 0.053 +/- 0.003 min-1; the latter rate constant corresponds to a half-life for the high-affinity complex of 15 min. Structure-activity relationships of a number of closely related indole compounds revealed that the hydrophobicity of the substituent on the nitrogen of the indole core was responsible for the manifestation of time-dependent inhibition. These findings markedly enhance our understanding of the mechanism of inhibition of Icmt by this indole class of compounds and should facilitate ongoing efforts to assess the potential of targeting this enzyme in anticancer drug design.
Cyclic Prefixed OQAM-OFDM and its Application to Single-Carrier FDMA (2011)

Single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has appeared to be a promising technique for high data rate uplink communications. Aimed at SC-FDMA applications, a cyclic prefixed version of the offset quadrature amplitude modulation based OFDM (OQAM-OFDM) is first proposed in this paper. We show that cyclic prefixed OQAM-OFDM (CP-OQAM-OFDM) can be realized within the framework of the standard OFDM system, and perfect recovery condition in the ideal channel is derived. We then apply CP-OQAM-OFDM to SC-FDMA transmission in frequency selective fading channels. Signal model and joint widely linear minimum mean square error (WLMMSE) equalization using a prior information with low complexity are developed. Compared with the existing DFTS-OFDM based SC-FDMA, the proposed SC-FDMA can significantly reduce envelope fluctuation (EF) of the transmitted signal while maintaining the bandwidth efficiency. The inherent structure of CP-OQAM-OFDM enables low-complexity joint equalization in the frequency domain to combat both the multiple access interference and the intersymbol interference. The joint WLMMSE equalization using a prior information guarantees optimal MMSE performance and supports Turbo receiver for improved bit error rate (BER) perform BER) performance. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed SC-FDMA in terms of EF (including peak-to-average power ratio, instantaneous-to-average power ratio and cubic metric) and BER performances.
Immobilization of Retinoic Acid by Cationic Polyelectrolytes (1997)

Retinoic acid was immobilized by precipitating its complexes with cationic polyelectrolytes from aqueous solution. Polyelectrolytes with different architectures, such as poly(ionene-6,3 bromide), poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride), and poly(N-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium chloride), form self-assembling complexes containing retinoic acid (70% (w/w)). All these complexes are thermodynamically stable and can be processed into mesomorphously ordered films with interesting physical properties. In contrast to the brittle crystalline retinoic acid the complexes with polyelectrolytes are highly deformable viscoelastic materials. All materials show lamellar mesophase structures; their Tg value strongly depends on the polyelectrolyte. It is suggested that these materials have great potential as pharmaceutical agents as well as models for the investigation and the mimicking of chromophores in visual pigments and photosynthetic bacteria. The properties of the complexes are examined by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, polarization optical microscopy, UV−vis spectroscopy, and stress−strain measurements.
Prediction of oxidoreductase-catalyzed reactions based on atomic properties of metabolites (2006)

Classifiers reported here can be used freely for noncommercial purposes via a Java program available upon request.
Directed evolution of cytochrome c for carbon–silicon bond formation: Bringing silicon to life (2016)

Enzymes that catalyze carbon-silicon bond formation are unknown in nature, despite the natural abundance of both elements. Such enzymes would expand the catalytic repertoire of biology, enabling living systems to access chemical space previously only open to synthetic chemistry. We have discovered that heme proteins catalyze the formation of organosilicon compounds under physiological conditions via carbene insertion into silicon-hydrogen bonds. The reaction proceeds both in vitro and in vivo, accommodating a broad range of substrates with high chemo- and enantioselectivity. Using directed evolution, we enhanced the catalytic function of cytochrome c from Rhodothermus marinus to achieve more than 15-fold higher turnover than state-of-the-art synthetic catalysts. This carbon-silicon bond-forming biocatalyst offers an environmentally friendly and highly efficient route to producing enantiopure organosilicon molecules.
A review of thin film media for magnetic recording (1986)

Thin film materials and deposition techniques used for the manufacturing of high density magnetic recording disks are reviewed. Novel metal alloys and oxide thin films developed for high density horizontal and vertical recording technologies are listed, and their manufacturing processes are compared. Electroless and electrolytic plating, and sputter deposition techniques are briefly described with emphasis on the advantages and limitations of each technology. A discussion of research areas with potential for future developments in materials for storage applications is also presented.
Demonstration of in-line monitoring and dynamic broadband compensation of polarization dependent loss (2002)

We demonstrate in-line monitoring and dynamic broadband compensation of polarization dependent loss (PDL) for an 800-km optical link with 2.4-dB average PDL and 14-ps average polarization mode dispersion (PMD). The 2% power penalty tail of 10-Gb/s, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals is reduced from 6.5 dB <2 dB within a 6-nm PDL compensation bandwidth.
Preparation of Amorphous Boron Nitride and Its Conversion to a Turbostratic, Tubular Form (1993)

Amorphous boron nitride, BN, is obtained from the reaction of B-trichloroborazine, (BCINH)(3), with cesium metal. The amorphous product is converted to a turbostratic form upon heating to 1100 degrees C. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a previously unreported morphology composed of hollow tubular structures. The largest of these appear to be approximately 3 micrometers in external diameter and 50 to 100 micrometers in length. Transmission electron microscopy and selected-area electron diffraction also indicate the tube walls to be turbostratic in nature. The mechanism by which the tubes form is not known, although apparent sites of incipient tube growth have been observed.
Transcutaneous measurement and spectrum analysis of heart wall vibrations (1996)

For the noninvasive diagnosis of heart disease based on the acoustic and elastic characteristics of the heart muscle, it is necessary to transcutaneously measure small vibration signals, including components with an amplitude of less than 100 /spl mu/m, from various parts of the heart wall continuously for periods of more than several heartbeats in a wide frequency range up to 1 kHz. Such measurement, however, has not been realized by any ultrasonic diagnostic methods or systems to date. By introducing the constraint least-square approach, this paper proposes a new method for accurately tracking the movement of the heart wall based on both the phase and magnitude of the demodulated signal to determine the instantaneous position of the object so that the vibration velocity of the moving object can be accurately estimated. By this method, small vibrations of the heart wall with small amplitudes less than 100 /spl mu/m on the motion resulting from a heartbeat with large amplitude of 10 mm can be successfully detected with sufficient reproducibility in the frequency range up to several hundred Hertz continuously for periods of about 10 heartbeats. The resultant small vibration is analyzed not only in the time domain, but also in the frequency domain. As confirmed by the preliminary experiments herein reported, the new method offers potential for research in acoustical diagnosis of heart disease.
Highly Selective, Novel Analogs of 4-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]- 1-benzylpiperidine for the Dopamine Transporter:  Effect of Different Aromatic Substitutions on Their Affinity and Selectivity (1997)

Several analogs of the potent and selective dopamine transporter (DAT) ligand 4-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-1-benzylpiperidine, 1a, were prepared and biologically evaluated at the dopamine and serotonin transporter (SERT) sites. Several substituents were introduced in the aromatic rings to evaluate the influences of electronic and steric interactions in their binding to the DAT. All the novel analogs showed preferential interaction at the DAT compared with the SERT. Different aromatic substitutions in the phenyl ring of the N-benzyl part of the molecule played a key role in the selectivity. In general, compounds with strong electron-withdrawing substituents were most active and selective at the DAT. Thus, compounds 5a (R = F) and 11b (R = NO2) were among the most potent (IC50 = 17.2 and 16.4 nM, respectively) and most selective (SERT/DAT = 112 and 108, respectively) and were far more selective than GBR 12909 (SERT/DAT = 6). Bioisosteric replacement of one of the phenyl rings of the diphenylmethoxy moiety by a thiophene ring was tolerated well and produced the most potent compound 13b (IC50 = 13.8 nM) in the series. Our current structure-activity studies of these piperidine analogs resulted in the generation of second generation of GBR-type compounds, and all of these new compounds reported here were more selective than GBR 12909 in interacting with the DAT over the SERT.