gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On effective criterion of path selection for delay testing (2003)

Since a logic circuit often has too many paths to test delay of all paths in the circuit, it is necessary for path delay testing to limit the number of paths to be tested. Paths to be tested should be ones with large delay that more likely cause a fault. In addition, a test set for the paths are required to detect other models of faults as many as possible. In this paper, we investigate criteria of path selection for path delay testing. We first define typical two criteria to be investigated here, and then experimentally show the feature of paths selected with each criterion, with respect to fault coverage of other delay fault models. From our experiments, we observe that test patterns for the longest paths cannot cover many other faults such as gate delay faults or segment delay faults.
2D anisotropic inversion of multicomponent induction logging data (2001)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 20012D anisotropic inversion of multicomponent induction logging dataAuthors: Zhiyi ZhangAlberto MezzatestaZhiyi ZhangBaker Atlas, Houston, Texas and Alberto MezzatestaBaker Atlas, Houston, Texashttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816618 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816618FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByElectromagnetic Tool for High-Resolution Logging: Theoretical and Experimental Studies16 October 2017Electromagnetic Tool for High-Resolution Logging: Theoretical and Experimental Studies (Russian)16 October 2017Fast 2D inversion of large borehole EM induction data sets with an efficient Fréchet-derivative approximationGong Li Wang, Carlos Torres-Verdín, Jesús M. Salazar, and Benjamin Voss31 December 2008 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 74, No. 1A 3D parametric inversion algorithm for triaxial induction dataAria Abubakar, Tarek M. Habashy, Vladimir Druskin, Leonid Knizhnerman, and Sofia Davydycheva12 January 2006 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 71, No. 1A data‐adaptive spatial resolution method for three‐dimensional inversion of triaxial borehole electromagnetic measurementsFaruk O. Alpak, Robert K. Mallan, Junsheng Hou, and Carlos Torres‐Verdín7 December 2005A three‐dimensional parametric inversion of multi‐component multi‐spacing induction logging dataAria Abubakar, Tarek M. Habashy, Vladimir Druskin, Sofia Davydycheva, Hanming Wang, Tom Barber, and Leonid Knizhnerman3 January 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2001 Pages: 2135 publication data© 2001 Copyright © 2001 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Zhiyi Zhang and Alberto Mezzatesta, (2001), "2D anisotropic inversion of multicomponent induction logging data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 365-368. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816618 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Studies on the Removal of Abnormal Prion Protein by Processes Used in the Manufacture of Human Plasma Products (2000)

Abstract Background and Objectives: To identify if any process steps used in plasma fractionation may have a capability of removing agents of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Materials and Methods: Sixteen fractionation steps were investigated separately by adding a preparation of hamster adapted scrapie 263K to the starting material at each process step and determining the distribution into resultant fractions of protease‐K‐resistant (abnormal) prion protein by Western blot analysis. Results: A number of process operations were found to remove abnormal prion protein to the limit of detection of the assay. These were cold ethanol precipitation of fraction IV (log reduction, LR, ≥3.0) and a depth filtration (LR ≥4.9) in the albumin process; cold ethanol fraction I+III precipitation (LR ≥3.7) and a depth filtration (LR ≥2.8) in the immunoglobulin processes and adsorption with DEAE‐Toyopearl 650M ion exchanger (LR ≥3.5) in the fibrinogen process. In addition, a substantial degree of removal of abnormal prion protein was observed across DEAE‐Toyopearl 650M ion exchange (LR = 3.1) used in the preparation of factor‐VIII concentrate; DEAE‐cellulose ion exchange (LR = 3.0) and DEAE‐sepharose ion exchange (LR = 3.0) used in the preparation of factor‐IX concentrates and S‐sepharose ion exchange (LR = 2.9) used in the preparation of thrombin. Conclusions: Plasma fractionation processes used in the manufacture of albumin, immunoglobulins, factor‐VIII concentrate, factor‐IX concentrates, fibrinogen and thrombin all contain steps which may be capable of removing causative agents of human TSEs.
Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation: A Novel Method of Resuscitation for Hemorrhagic Shock* (2019)

Trigeminal nerve stimulation was explored as a novel resuscitation strategy in an animal model of hemorrhagic shock. The results of this study showed that the stimulation of trigeminal nerve modulates both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity to activate an endogenous pressor response, improve cerebral perfusion, and decrease inflammation, thereby improving survival.
<title>Scene decomposition of MPEG-compressed video</title> (1995)

This paper presents the video processing techniques for indexing MPEG video sequences. Parameters encoded in P- and B-pictures are used to detect scene changes. In the MPEG format, P- and B-pictures consist of two types of information: difference matrix and motion vector(s) for every macroblock (MB). Different types of MBs indicate the relationship between the current picture and its reference picture(s). The proposed techniques take advantage of those parameters encoded in the MPEG video streams to detect some changes. Since motion information in the MPEG format is used, these novel techniques are reliable, accurate, and fast. Those techniques and algorithms are presented in detail and examples are provided.
Polyglot Application Auto Scaling Service for Platform as a Service Cloud (2015)

Platform as a service (PaaS) is a cloud delivery model that provides software services and solution stacks to enable rapid development, deployment, and operations in many languages and run-times (polyglot). These applications require capabilities to rapidly grow and shrink the underlying resources to satisfy their workload needs. Auto scaling is a service that enables dynamic resource allocation and deal location to match application performance needs and service level agreements. In this paper we present the architecture and implementation of a polyglot auto scaling solution for IBM Blue mix PaaS. Our auto scaling service enables users to describe policies and set thresholds for scaling the applications based on CPU, memory and heap usage for applications developed in different languages (Java, Java Script, Ruby, etc). The auto scaling service consists of a set of monitoring agents, monitoring service, scaling service, and a persistence service. The service is developed with sharedmulti-tenancy model and offered as a managed cloud service. An application attached to the auto scaling service is monitored and its resources will be adjusted based on the auto scaling policies of the user and on the system conditions.
Growing the Family Tree: The Power of DNA in Reconstructing Family Relationships (2004)

The Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation is building the world’s largest database of correlated genetic and genealogical information to enable genealogical research to be performed using DNA analysis techniques. DNA samples with associated 4-generation pedigree charts have so far been collected from approximately 40,000 volunteers. Up to 170 regions of DNA are currently analyzed for each individual, and the corresponding pedigree chart is extended as far as genealogical databases allow, to currently include over 700,000 ancestral records. By combining these two sets of correlated data on an unprecedented scale, we are enabling progress for the first time into the new field of “molecular genealogy.” Molecular genealogy is the application of DNA analysis techniques and statistical population genetics to the task of reconstructing unknown genealogies from the genetic and genealogical information of living individuals. We address aspects of using DNA for genealogical research, including those of identification and differentiation of populations (with population boundaries defined not just by factors of demographic separation, but also by time periods), differences in inheritance models of the various types of genetic data, clustering, statistical reconstruction of ancestral trees, inference of ancestral genetic signatures, and inference of surname based on paternal-line DNA.
The design and optimization of RNA <i>trans</i>‐splicing molecules for skin cancer therapy (2013)

Targeting tumor marker genes by RNA trans-splicing is a promising means to induce tumor cell-specific death. Using a screening system we designed RNA trans-splicing molecules (RTM) specifically binding the pre-mRNA of SLCO1B3, a marker gene in epidermolysis bullosa associated squamous cell carcinoma (EB-SCC). Specific trans-splicing, results in the fusion of the endogenous target mRNA of SLCO1B3 and the coding sequence of the suicide gene, provided by the RTM. SLCO1B3-specific RTMs containing HSV-tk were analyzed regarding their trans-splicing potential in a heterologous context using a SLCO1B3 expressing minigene (SLCO1B3-MG). Expression of the chimeric SLCO1B3-tk was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell viability and apoptosis assays confirmed that the RTMs induced suicide gene-mediated apoptosis in SLCO1B3-MG expressing cells. The lead RTM also showed its potential to facilitate a trans-splicing reaction into the endogenous SLCO1B3 pre-mRNA in EB-SCC cells resulting in tk-mediated apoptosis. We assume that the pre-selection of RTMs by our inducible cell-death system accelerates the design of optimal RTMs capable to induce tumor specific cell death in skin cancer cells.
Coherent combining of a 4 kW, eight-element fiber amplifier array (2011)

Commercial 0.5 kW Yb-doped fiber amplifiers have been characterized and found to be suitable for coherent beam combining. Eight such fiber amplifiers have been coherently combined in a tiled-aperture configuration with 78% combining efficiency and total output power of 4 kW. The power-in-the-bucket vertical beam quality of the combined output is 1.25 times diffraction limited at full power. The beam-combining performance is independent of output power.
Development of a mass spectrometer using two rotating electric fields (2016)

The authors propose a new principle for a mass analyzer involving a pair of rotating electric fields (REFs). Its design is reviewed from the perspectives of electronics, ion optics, and operating principle. The use of REFs to separate ions by mass was demonstrated by introducing a Ga focused-ion-beam column directly into the REFs optical system. By optimizing the system phase contrast, the 69Ga+ ions were made to converge to the central axis while the 71Ga+ formed an annular pattern. Asymmetries in annular patterns are caused by nonuniformity in the alternating current voltage of each REF electrode. By varying the frequency, the locations of the 69Ga+ and 71Ga+ projections can be exchanged between the center and exterior.
A 1.3 GHz 100 kW Ultra-high Efficiency Klystron (2020)

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. is developing a high efficiency, 1.3 GHz, 100 kW klystron for driving accelerators. A design with an efficiency of 79% has been realized and a device is being fabricated. Details of the design and available test results will be presented.
A Combined TOA/MDF Technology Upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (1998)

The U.S. National Lightning Detection Network TM (NLDN) has provided lightning data covering the continental United States since 1989. Using information gathered from more than 100 sensors, the NLDN provides both real‐time and historical lightning data to the electric utility industry, the National Weather Service, and other government and commercial users. It is also the primary source of lightning data for use in research and climatological studies in the United States. In this paper we discuss the design, implementation, and data from the time‐of‐arrival/magnetic direction finder (TOA/MDF) network following a recent system‐wide upgrade. The location accuracy (the maximum dimension of a confidence region around the stroke location) has been improved by a factor of 4 to 8 since 1991, resulting in a median accuracy of 500 m. The expected flash detection efficiency ranges from 80% to 90% for those events with peak currents above 5 kA, varying slightly by region. Subsequent strokes and strokes with peak currents less than 5 kA can now be detected and located; however, the detection efficiency for these events is not quantified in this study because their peak current distribution is not well known.
Simultaneous transmit and receive with digital phased arrays (2016)

A new architecture is proposed for achieving Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) with a digital phased array. We demonstrate how digital beamforming and cancellation enables adjacent transmitting and receiving sub-arrays to operate simultaneously in the same frequency band without a significant reduction in performance. Our approach uses only digital signal processing techniques and does not require custom radiators or analog cancelling circuits that can increase front-end losses and add significant size, weight and cost to the array. Simulated results are presented for a 50-element array that achieves more than 160 dB of effective isolation between transmit and receive beams over a 100 MHz instantaneous band centered at 2.45 GHz.
Relevance of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of exemestane and synergism with sulforaphane for disease prevention (2013)

Exemestane (6-methyleneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione) is a synthetic steroidal inhibitor of the aromatase reaction that catalyzes the terminal and rate-limiting step of the biosynthesis of estrogens. It is active clinically in preventing, delaying progression of, and treating mammary cancers, many of which are estrogen receptor-positive. A striking feature of the structure of exemestane is an extended system of conjugated Michael reaction functions, which is also characteristic of inducers of a broad network of chemoprotective genes regulated by the Keap1 (Kelch-like ECA-associated protein)/Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2)/ARE (antioxidant response element) signaling system. These genes are largely involved in xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidative and anti-inflammatory protection, as well as the synthesis and reduction of glutathione. We show here that exemestane transcriptionally activates NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), typical chemoprotective gene products, in a wide variety of mouse, rat, and human cells. It protects several cell lines against oxidative toxicity of tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 4-hydroxynonenal, against free radical damage arising from hypoxia-reoxygenation, and against UVA radiation damage. Exemestane also inhibits the inflammatory increases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mouse macrophages exposed to LPS (lipopolysaccharide), thereby resembling the isothiocyanate sulforaphane derived from broccoli. Remarkably, combinations of exemestane and sulforaphane act highly synergistically, and this property is also displayed by several other phytochemicals. Thus, exemestane has a wide range of previously unrecognized protective activities, probably unrelated to aromatase inhibition. Its potential for reducing the risk, not only of breast cancer, but also of other chronic diseases that arise from inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA-damaging electrophiles, requires exploration, particularly in view of the synergism with other phytochemicals.
Photo-acid generator comonomer turns pH-responsive into photo-responsive hydrogels (2016)

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric networks that can absorb and retain large quantities of water in relation to their physical size. By incorporating stimuli-responsive units into the gel structure, hydrogel materials can be actuated by external stimuli such as photo[1], thermal, electro and pH, respectively. In this study, pH responsive hydrogels were studied by using copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (Am) in a 50:50 molar ratio. At pH values above the pKa of AA (pH>4.5) the AA dissociates to the more hydrophilic acrylate anion form (A-) triggering swelling of the hydrogel. In contrast, at pH < 4.5, the hydrogel contracts due to the formation of the less hydrophilic AA form in the polymer backbone, which triggers release of water from the gel. \nIn order to turn this pH response into a photo-response, a reversible photo-acid generator, namely spiropyran acrylate (SP-A), was copolymerised in the polymer backbone using a 10:10:1 molar ratio of AA: Am: SP-A. In acidic environments, the SP-A will spontaneously convert to the protonated hydrophilic merocyanine (MC-H+) form and switch back to the hydrophobic SP-A when exposed to white light, expelling a proton in the process. The switching between these two forms can be used to trigger a localised pH change around the polymer backbone, leading to photo-controlled swelling/contraction due to photo-induced protonation/deprotonation of the AA comonomer. \nIn DI water under dark conditions (A-, MC-H+) the polymer chains are more hydrophilic allowing the hydrogel to expand. However, when exposed to white light, the MC-H+ is converted back to the SP-A form (colourless) expelling a proton, and therefore decreasing the local pH, which in turn causes protonation of the AA making the polymer chains less hydrophilic. The SP-A comonomer acts as a reversible photo-acid generator resulting in a photo-induced change of the local pH, which in turn determines the ratio of AA/A- and therefore the hydrophilic character of the polymer backbone. In this case, photo-contraction of over 15% in diameter is achieved within 90 seconds of white light irradiation followed by reswelling to ~98% of its fully hydrated size after further ~30 seconds in the dark. \nReferences\n[1]\tter Schiphorst, J.; Coleman, S., Stumpel, J.E., Ben Azouz, A., Diamond, D. and Schenning, A.P., Chemistry of Materials, 2004, 27(17), 5925-5931.
Cobalt Protoporphyrin Regulates Body Weight in Beagle Dogs: Induction of Weight Loss in Normal Animals of Stable Adult Weight (1991)

Adult male beagle dogs were treated with 10 weekly intramuscular injections of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP; 2 mumol/kg body weight). Treated dogs progressively lost weight to the extent of 20-30% at the end of the treatment period. Weight loss was accompanied by decreased food consumption. Following cessation of therapy with CoPP animal weights returned to pretreatment values within 5 weeks. These treatments were tolerated without detectable adverse side effects, and clinical, laboratory and histopathological analyses were normal. This study extends the spectrum of animals which decrease their body weight in response to CoPP administration from those which gain weight throughout life to those which maintain a stable body weight in adulthood.
Interferometric measurement of convex aspheres using holographic test plates (1994)

A new interferometric test for convex aspheric optics that uses a spherical test plate with a circular computer-generated hologram is described.
Automatic Gap Closing for Freehand Drawing (1994)

This technical sketch explains how we solve the gap detection and closing problem in TicTacToon&apos;s cel coloring application. Artists draw with a pressure sensitive pen on a digitizing tablet, as in fig. 1. Using a new curve fitting method [2], the digitized points are used to compute a variable width stroke whose centerline and boundary is described by Bézier curve paths. Fig. 1: A cel.
Identification of New Carbohydrate and Membrane Protein Antigens in Cardiac Xenotransplantation (2010)

The identified proteins include key EC functions and suggest that non-Gal antibody responses may compromise EC functions and thereby contribute to DXR. Recovery of the porcine β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase 2 suggests that an antibody response to a SD-like carbohydrate may represent a new carbohydrate moiety involved in xenotransplantation. The identification of these porcine gene products may lead to further donor modification to enhance resistance to DXR and further reduce the level of xenograft antigenicity.
Bacterial Causes of Digital Dermatitis (DD) in Dairy Cattle (2015)

Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle throughout the world. Despite 35 years of research, the definitive cause of the disease process is still unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated that multiple bacterial species are associated with lesions, with spirochetes being the most reliably identified organism. This study utilized total DNA sequencing of 48 staged DD biopsy specimens collected during a 3-year longitudinal study of disease progression in dairy cattle. Over 175 million sequences were obtained and used to identify the bacterial species that were present in the biopsies. There was no evidence of a fungal or DNA viral causes. The bacterial communities present in the biopsy specimens was found to progress through a systematic series of changes that correlate with the novel visual lesion scoring system developed as part of this project. Although Treponema spp. predominated in the advanced lesions, they were in relatively low abundance in the newly described early lesions that are associated with the initiation of the disease process. The results of this study support the hypothesis that DD is a polybacterial disease process and provide unique insights into the temporal changes in bacterial populations throughout lesion development. These insights are expected to be critical in the development of new treatment strategies and the potential development of effective vaccines. In addition, the development and validation of a lesion scoring system will assist with determining the prognosis of a lesion.
Ultrathin low cost Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) materials as UHF RFID tag substrate (2006)

Passive UHF (ultra high frequency) RFID (radio frequency identification) is a promising technology for products tracking in logistics. However, the UHF RFID tag is greatly affected by backside goods especially metallic objects. In this paper, we introduce a new technique to insulate the UHF RFID tag from backside objects. An electromagnetic band gap (EBG) material which is a good electromagnetic wave insulator is prepared as RFID tag substrate. With this substrate, the measurement results shows that the UHF RFID tag still can be read with high speed even on the metallic objects within a short range (0.5 m).
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism within the Novel Sex-Linked Testis-Specific Retrotransposed PGAM4 Gene Influences Human Male Fertility (2012)

These results suggest that PGAM4, an X-linked retrogene, is a fundamental gene in human male reproduction and may escape meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. These findings provide fresh insight into elucidating the mechanisms of male infertility.