gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Application Of Interference Microscopy To Integrated Circuit Inspection And Metrology (1987)

The results of recent research on synthetic electro-optic imaging using a Linnik interference microscope are presented. A new technique is used in which images are produced by calculating the degree of coherence between corresponding pixels in the object and reference image planes of the Linnik microscope. Each pixel in the synthetic image is a function of this degree of coherence. This amounts to what one might call "Coherence Probe Imaging." The images have the properties that all parts of the object which are out of focus appear dark, those in focus appear bright, and the depth of focus is very narrow. Three dimensional images can be produced by moving the object in the vertical direction and recording a number of optical sections of the image. Theoretical analyses and experimental results are presented. A model for the per-formance of the coherence probe microscope is first developed and then its performance is compared with that of a standard microscope and of a confocal laser scanning microscope within the context of this model. One figure shows the measured edge profile of a coherence probe microscope compared with a standard microscope for a clean edge of cleaved single crystal silicon. Another figure shows the measured z profile of the coherence probe microscope. Linewidth measurement algorithms are implemented on 3 dimensional images produced by the coherence probe microscope, and these measure the top width, the bottom width, and the height of the semiconductor lines independently. The amount of electronic hardware required for reasonable throughput is not prohibitive. Some results of comparison with Scanning Electron Microscopes are presented. Generally, the agreement is very good. Overall, the coherence probe microscope appears to have some promise for linewidth measurement applications. Several photographs show small defects on semiconductor devices as imaged by a coherence probe microscope and by a standard microscope, both illuminated with white light. Substantial resolution improvement is clearly discernable in these pictures suggesting that the coherence probe microscope may also be a promising imaging tool for defect detection.
Semi-Autonomous Control with Cyber-Pain for Artificial Muscles and Smart Structures (2010)

Abstract : Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEA) have characteristics that are the most similar to biological muscle, which is why they are also known as artificial muscles. The goal of this research was to establish the feasibility of using a cyber-pain signal to enable a DEA unit (comprising both an actuator and its local controller) to avoid some key failure modes. Our approach has built on our developments in dynamic self-sensing and realistic simulation of DEA electro-mechanics, including control circuits. The achievements of this project can be summarized as ? design of a test DEA that encapsulated the critical failure modes ? development of a novel monitoring circuit that incorporated our latest research into self-sensing algorithms ? measurement of leakage currents and discharges across the dielectric, both of which are indicators of the state or condition of the dielectric elastomer devices; and ? correlation of DEA quality with the frequency of partial discharges.
Selective epitaxial growth of organic molecules on patterned alkali halide substrates (1999)

Selective epitaxial growth of organic materials is found and analyzed. It is observed during the molecular beam epitaxy of organic molecules and charge transfer complexes on ionic surfaces. The selectivity comes from lattice matching condition on critical nuclei formation in contrast to compound semiconductors for which covalent chemical bonding plays essential roles. It can be utilized to fabricate micropatterns of crystalline organic materials accompanied by lithography processes of alkali halides using NH3 plasma. Feasibility of building three-dimensional microstructures has also been shown, which is readily applicable to make photonic crystals from optically functional organic materials.
P‐74: Tiled Optical Fiber Display (2005)

Abstract A new liquid crystal‐based tileable display for large size full colour display applications such as electronic posters has been developed. High efficiency and long life are achieved through the use of light emitting diode backlighting and a novel woven optical fiber image converter that eliminates the need for colour filters.
Generating Segment Durations in a Text-To-Speech System: A Hybrid Rule-Based/Neural Network Approach (1998)

A combination of a neural network with rule firing information from a rule-based system is used to generate segment durations for a text-to-speech system. The system shows a slight improvement in performance over a neural network system without the rule firing information. Synthesized speech using segment durations was accepted by listeners as having about the same quality as speech generated using segment durations extracted from natural speech.
Support vector machine based methods for non-intrusive identification of miscellaneous electric loads (2012)

Miscellaneous electric loads (MELs) currently consume more electricity than any other single major category of electric appliances. MELs provide valuable energy consumption and performance information which can be utilized to meet the raising needs and opportunities of energy saving, demand response, peak shaving, and building management. A reliable intelligent method to identify different MELs is a prerequisite of all purposes. A support-vector-machine (SVM) based hybrid identification method of MELs is proposed in this paper. Studies on applying only SVM as well as a combination of SVM and supervised Self-Organizing Map (SSOM) are presented. SSOM first cluster a large number of MELs into several classes. MELs with similar feature values fall into the same class. SVM is then utilized to identify similar MELs. The proposed method shows satisfactory accuracy in tests using real-world data.
Screening of Blood Donors for Human Parvovirus B19 and Characterization of the Results (1999)

These results suggest that the RHA(+) RHA inhibition (+) sera were infectious in vitro. The combination of RHA and the RHA inhibition test is considered to be useful for the large-scale screening of infectious B19 virus in blood donors with high specificity.
Microbiopsy engineered for minimally invasive and suture-free sub-millimetre skin sampling (2013)

<ns4:p>We describe the development of a sub-millimetre skin punch biopsy device for painless and suture-free skin sampling for molecular diagnosis and research. Conventional skin punch biopsies range from 2-4 mm in diameter. Local anaesthesia is required and sutures are usually used to close the wound. Our microbiopsy is 0.50 mm wide and 0.20 mm thick. The microbiopsy device is fabricated from three stacked medical grade stainless steel plates tapered to a point and contains a chamber within the centre plate to collect the skin sample. We observed that the application of this device resulted in a 0.21 ± 0.04 mm wide puncture site in volunteer skin using reflectance confocal microscopy. Histological sections from microbiopsied skin revealed 0.22 ± 0.12 mm wide and 0.26 ± 0.09 mm deep puncture sites. Longitudinal observation in microbiopsied volunteers showed that the wound closed within 1 day and was not visible after 7 days. Reflectance confocal microscope images from these same sites showed the formation of a tiny crust that resolved by 3 weeks and was completely undetectable by the naked eye. The design parameters of the device were optimised for molecular analysis using sampled DNA mass as the primary end point in volunteer studies. Finally, total RNA was characterized. The optimised device extracted 5.9 ± 3.4 ng DNA and 9.0 ± 10.1 ng RNA. We foresee that minimally invasive molecular sampling will play an increasingly significant role in diagnostic dermatology and skin research.</ns4:p>
Demonstration of Dynamic Restoration in Segment Routing Multi-layer SDN Networks (2016)

Dynamic traffic recovery is designed and validated in a multi-layer network exploiting an SDN-based implementation of Segment Routing. Traffic recovery is locally performed from the node detecting the failure up to the destination node without involving the SDN controller. Experimental results demonstrate recovery time within 50 ms.
Advanced biochemical processes for geothermal brines: Current developments (1997)

A research program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) which deals with the development and application of processes for the treatment of geothermal brines and sludges has led to the identification and design of cost-efficient and environmentally friendly treatment methodology. Initially the primary goal of the processing was to convert geothermal wastes into disposable materials whose chemical composition would satisfy environmental regulations. An expansion of the r and D effort identified a combination of biochemical and chemical processes which became the basis for the development of a technology for the treatment of geothermal brines and sludges. The new technology satisfies environmental regulatory requirements and concurrently converts the geothermal brines and sludges into commercially promising products. Because the chemical composition of geothermal wastes depends on the type of the resource, the emerging technology has to be flexible so that it can be readily modified to suit the needs of a particular type of resource. Recent conceptional designs for the processing of hypersaline and low salinity brines and sludges will be discussed.
Distributed pressure sensors for a urethral catheter (2015)

A flexible strip that incorporates multiple pressure sensors and is capable of being fixed to a urethral catheter is developed. The urethral catheter thus instrumented will be useful for measurement of pressure in a human urethra during urodynamic testing in a clinic. This would help diagnose the causes of urinary incontinence in patients. Capacitive pressure sensors are fabricated on a flexible polyimide-copper substrate using surface micromachining processes and alignment/assembly of the top and bottom portions of the sensor strip. The developed sensor strip is experimentally evaluated in an in vitro test rig using a pressure chamber. The sensor strip is shown to have adequate sensitivity and repeatability. While the calibration factors for the sensors on the strip vary from one sensor to another, even the least sensitive sensor has a resolution better than 0.1 psi.
Real-time raman spectroscopy for non-invasive skin cancer detection - preliminary results (2008)

Raman spectroscopy is a non-invasive optical technique, which can assess molecular structures and conformations within biological tissue. The probability of Raman scattering is inherently low such that previous clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy have been limited by long data acquisition times. We have developed a rapid real-time Raman spectrometer system with measurement times of less than 1 second, paving the way for clinical application. In this presentation, we report preliminary clinical results for this real-time Raman system. To date 289 skin cancers and benign skin lesions have been measured. Using partial least squares regression and linear discriminant analysis to analyze the Raman spectra we found that skin cancers could be well differentiated from benign skin lesions (sensitivity 91% and specificity 75%) and malignant melanoma from benign pigmented lesions (sensitivity 97%, specificity 78%).
Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Biomimetic Catalysts for Localized and pH-Activated Biofilm Disruption (2019)

Biofilms are surface-attached bacterial communities embedded within an extracellular matrix that create localized and protected microenvironments. Acidogenic oral biofilms can demineralize the enamel-apatite on teeth, causing dental caries (tooth decay). Current antimicrobials have low efficacy and do not target the protective matrix and acidic pH within the biofilm. Recently, catalytic nanoparticles were shown to disrupt biofilms but lacked a stabilizing coating required for clinical applications. Here, we report dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles termed nanozymes (Dex-NZM) that display strong catalytic (peroxidase-like) activity at acidic pH values, target biofilms with high specificity, and prevent severe caries without impacting surrounding oral tissues in vivo. Nanoparticle formulations were synthesized with dextran coatings (molecular weights from 1.5 to 40 kDa were used), and their catalytic performance and bioactivity were assessed. We found that 10 kDa dextran coating provided maximal catalytic activity, biofilm uptake, and antibiofilm properties. Mechanistic studies indicated that iron oxide cores are the source of catalytic activity, whereas dextran on the nanoparticle surface provided stability without blocking catalysis. Dextran-coating facilitated NZM incorporation into exopolysaccharides (EPS) structure and binding within biofilms, which activated hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) for localized bacterial killing and EPS-matrix breakdown. Surprisingly, dextran coating enhanced selectivity toward biofilms while avoiding binding to gingival cells. Furthermore, Dex-NZM/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment significantly reduced the onset and severity of caries lesions (vs control or either Dex-NZM or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> alone) without adverse effects on gingival tissues or oral microbiota diversity in vivo. Therefore, dextran-coated nanozymes have potential as an alternative treatment to control tooth decay and possibly other biofilm-associated diseases.
Near-infrared simultaneous Stokes imaging polarimeter (2009)

We have designed a new near-IR imaging polarimeter which generates the complete Stokes' vector estimation simultaneously. The design is based on our first generation division of amplitude polarimeter where four images are folded on to a single focal plane detector. This gives rise to a small compact rigid instrument. The design operation wavelength is 632.8 nanometers. The new second generation design operates at a wavelength of 1550 nanometers and has three improvements over the first generation: 1) the design of the Beam-Splitter Assembly (BSA) is based on an optimization scheme where the Measurement (instrument) matrix is optimized for Stokes' vector estimation with noisy data, 2) the four individual focusing lenses positioned after the BSA have been replaced by a single lens in front of the BSA reducing differential image distortion, and 3) a reticle is placed at an intermediate image plane, providing a fiducial mark in each of the images for precise registration.
Using deep learning to predict beam‐tunable Pareto optimal dose distribution for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (2020)

Treatment planners who use our models will be able to use deep learning to control the trade-offs between the PTV and OAR weights, as well as the beam number and configurations in real time. Our dose prediction methods provide a stepping stone to building automatic IMRT treatment planning.
Flash Pyrolysis of Oleaginous Biomass in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor (2017)

In this study, flash pyrolysis was performed using milled soybean as a model substrate to assess the production of liquid fuels from oleaginous biomass feedstocks. A laboratory-scale fluidized-bed flash pyrolysis reactor that allowed rapid heat transfer to the biomass along with short vapor residence time was designed and constructed. Pyrolysis was performed between 250 and 610 °C with a vapor residence time between 0.2 and 0.3 s. At 550 °C or higher, nearly 70% of the initial feed mass as well as feed carbon was recovered in bio-oil. In addition, 90% of the feedstock lipids were recovered in the bio-oil at these pyrolysis conditions. The high liquid products yields were attributed to (1) the low secondary degradation of bio-oils due to the short vapor residence time and (2) the high recovery of liquids in a novel dry ice packed-bed condenser that provided a high surface area for condensation/aggregation of dilute bio-oil vapors/aerosols that were entrained in the carrier gas. The bio-oil from this study had higher C and H content, higher calorific value, and lower oxygen and water content than bio-oil from wood. These results show that high-quality bio-oil at high yield can be obtained from flash pyrolysis of oleaginous feedstock.
Self-Immolative Nitrogen Mustards Prodrugs Cleavable by Carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) Showing Large Cytotoxicity Differentials in GDEPT (2003)

Nineteen novel potential self-immolative prodrugs and their corresponding drugs have been synthesized for gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) with carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) as the activating enzyme. The compounds are derived from o- and p-amino and p-methylamino aniline nitrogen mustards. Their aqueous stability, kinetics of drug release by CPG2, and cytotoxicity in the colon carcinoma cell line WiDr, expressing either surface-tethered CPG2 (stCPG2(Q)3) or control beta-galactosidase, are assessed. The effect of various structural features on stability, kinetics of activation, and biological activity is discussed. The p-methylamino prodrugs are the most stable compounds from this series, with the largest cytotoxicity differentials between CPG2-expressing and nonexpressing cells. The most potent compounds in all series are prodrugs of bis-iodo nitrogen mustards. 4-[N-[4'-Bis(2' '-iodoethyl)aminophenyl]-N'-methylcarbamoyloxymethyl]phenylcarbamoyl-l-glutamic acid, compound 39b, is 124-fold more cytotoxic to WiDr cells expressing CPG2 than to cells expressing beta-galactosidase. An additional six compounds show better cytotoxicity differential than the published N-[4-[(2-chloroethyl)(2-mesyloxyethyl)amino]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid (CMDA) prodrug.
Improved Dielectric Films For Capacitors (1994)

Dielectric films made from blends of some commercially available high-dielectric-constant cyanoresins with each other and with cellulose triacetate (CTA) have both high dielectric constants and high breakdown strengths. Dielectric constants as high as 16.2. Films used to produce high-energy-density capacitors.
Absence of BRAF-V600E in the human cell lines BONNA-12, ESKOL, HAIR-M, and HC-1 questions their origin from hairy cell leukemia (2012)

To the editor:

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) shows distinct clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and gene expression features.[1][1][⇓][2]–[3][3] We previously identified the BRAF -V600E mutation as the disease-defining genetic event in HCL.[4][4] This mutation is present in virtually all cases of
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Metal‐Based Catalysts for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Containing Five‐Membered Rings (2015)

Abstract Review: [107 refs.
Long-term maintenance of dystrophin expression and resistance to injury of skeletal muscle in gene edited DMD mice (2022)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has been used to correct DMD mutations in animal models at young ages. However, the longevity and durability of CRISPR/Cas9 editing remained to be determined. To address these issues, we subjected ΔEx44 DMD mice to systemic delivery of AAV9-expressing CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing components to reframe exon 45 of the dystrophin gene, allowing robust dystrophin expression and maintenance of muscle structure and function. We found that genome correction by CRISPR/Cas9 confers lifelong expression of dystrophin in mice and that corrected skeletal muscle is highly durable and resistant to myofiber necrosis and fibrosis, even in response to chronic injury. In contrast, when muscle fibers were ablated by barium chloride injection, we observed a loss of gene edited dystrophin expression. Analysis of on- and off-target editing in aged mice confirmed the stability of gene correction and the lack of significant off-target editing at 18 months of age. These findings demonstrate the long-term durability of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing as a therapy for maintaining the integrity and function of DMD muscle, even under conditions of stress.
Tightly-coupled self-debugging software protection (2016)

Existing anti-debugging protections are relatively weak. In existing self-debugger approaches, a custom debugger is attached to the main application, of which the control flow is obfuscated by redirecting it through the debugger. The coupling between the debugger and the main application is then quite loose, and not that hard to break by an attacker. In the tightly-coupled self-debugging technique proposed in this paper, full code fragments are migrated from the application to the debugger, making it harder for the attacker to reverse-engineer the program and to deconstruct it into the original unprotected program to attach a debugger or to collect traces. We evaluate a prototype implementation on three complex, real-world Android use cases and present the results of tests conducted by professional penetration testers.
Single-molecule decoding of combinatorially modified nucleosomes (2016)

Deciphering the histone code Regulatory information is stored both in DNA sequences and in the chromatin proteins that package the genome. The covalent modification of histones plays a critical role in signaling whether a gene or genomic region should be active or inactive. Shema et al. used high-throughput single-molecule imaging to reveal the different combinations of modifications on millions of individual nucleosomes. Single-molecule DNA sequencing determined the exact location of these modified nucleosomes in the genome. Science , this issue p. 717
Measuring apparatus for the automatic measurement of speed, travelled distance and directional changes of a movable body (1985)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Joachim Rott, Wolfgang Thelen, Bernd Hesselbrock; Measuring apparatus for the automatic measurement of speed, travelled distance and directional changes of a movable body. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 October 1985; 78 (4): 1450. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.392882 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search