gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Cultivars of Several Dogwood Taxa to Powdery Mildew and Spot Anthracnose (1998)

Abstract Incidence of powdery mildew ( Microsphaera penicillata ) and spot anthracnose ( Elsinoe corni ) was assessed on 37 selections or cultivars of flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida ), kousa dogwood ( C. kousa ), hybrid dogwood ( C. kousa x florida and C. nuttallii x florida ) and giant dogwood ( C. controversa ). Across all cultivars, the flowering dogwood and C. nuttallii x florida ‘Eddie's White Wonder’ are more susceptible to powdery mildew and spot anthracnose than the kousa, C. kousa x florida hybrids and giant dogwood. Among the cultivars of flowering dogwood screened, ‘Cherokee Brave’, ‘Cherokee Chief’, ‘Welch's Bay Beauty’ and ‘Weaver's White’ were partially to highly resistant to both diseases. With few exceptions, the kousa dogwood and C. kousa x florida hybrids, and giant dogwood suffered very little powdery mildew or spot anthracnose-related damage.
Occlusion of the Carotid Artery Using Catheter with Detachable Balloon in Pigs (1979)

A new catheter with detachable balloon for vascular occlusion was successfully used for permanent occlusion of the internal carotid artery as well as branches of the external carotid artery in 5 pigs. The technique is intended for clinical use in man.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Devices of a Series of Alternating Copolymers for Solar Cells (2009)

In this study we report the synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic properties of a series of six conjugated polymers based on donor−acceptor−donor (DAD) structure. The polymers are obtained via Suzuki polymerization of different alkoxy-substituted DAD monomers together with a substituted fluorene or phenylene monomer. Application of polymers as light-harvesting and electron-donating materials in solar cells, in conjunction with both [60]PCBM and [70]PCBM as acceptors, show power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 2.9%, values obtained without extensive optimization work. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy and field-effect transistor (FET) mobility measurements of acceptor−polymer mixtures show that differences in substitution on the polymers affect morphology, mobility, and device performance. Within the series of polymers, all showing similar optical absorption and redox behavior, substituents play an important role in phase separation on a micrometer scale, which in turn has a large impact on device performance. The phase-separation behavior is clearly seen in [70]PCBM devices where the best-performing devices are obtained using the polymers with short alkoxy groups or no substituents together with a high speed of spin coating during device preparation.
Use of Chilled Die Lips to Improve Production Rates in Extrusion of PE (1989)

Abstract Extrusion rates of polyethylene are limited by the onset of surface defects in the extrudates, which are variously termed sharkskin, melt fracture and so on. Several expedients are effective in relieving this problem. We report here that extrudate surface distortion can be eliminated under some conditions by cooling the die, at normal melt extrusion temperatures. This technique appears to be generally effective for LLDPE and HDPE. The process has been patented [10] for polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions.
Experimental Babesia equi infection in mature horses. (1986)

Nine 4-year-old Arabian geldings were experimentally infected with Babesia equi of European origin. All horses developed detectable parasitemia an average of 30 days after they were inoculated, which was accompanied by a decrease in PCV. The infections were generally mild with no animal deaths. All horses became serologically positive by the indirect fluorescent antibody test within an average of 23 days after they were inoculated and by the complement-fixation test 30 days after they were inoculated.
Phase I/II and Phase II Studies of Targeted Gene Delivery In Vivo: Intravenous Rexin-G for Chemotherapy-resistant Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma (2009)

Rexin-G, a pathotropic nanoparticle bearing a cytocidal cyclin G1 construct was tested in a phase I/II study for chemotherapy-resistant sarcomas and a phase II study for chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma. Twenty sarcoma patients and 22 osteosarcoma patients received escalating doses of Rexin-G intravenously from 8 x 10(11) to 24 x 10(11) colony forming units (cfu)/cycle. Treatment was continued if there was <or= grade 1 toxicity. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed, and no vector DNA integration, replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) or vector-neutralizing antibodies were noted. In the phase I/II study, 3/6 patients had stable disease (SD) at the lowest dose; median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.2 months, and overall survival (OS), 3.3 months. At higher doses, 10/14 patients had SD; median PFS was 3.7 months and median OS, 7.8 months. In this phase I/II study, a dose-response relationship with Rexin-G dosage was observed for progression-free and OS times (P = 0.02 and 0.005, respectively). In the phase II study, 10/17 evaluable patients had SD, median PFS was >or=3 months and median OS, 6.9 months. These studies suggest that Rexin-G is safe, may help control tumor growth, and may possibly improve survival in chemotherapy-resistant sarcoma and osteosarcoma.
Crowding Induces Entropically-Driven Changes to DNA Dynamics That Depend on Crowder Structure and Ionic Conditions (2018)

Macromolecular crowding plays a principal role in a wide range of biological processes including gene expression, chromosomal compaction, and viral infection. However, the impact that crowding has on the dynamics of nucleic acids remains a topic of debate. To address this problem, we use single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and custom particle-tracking algorithms to investigate the impact of varying macromolecular crowding conditions on the transport and conformational dynamics of large DNA molecules. Specifically, we measure the mean-squared center-of-mass displacements, as well as the conformational size, shape, and fluctuations, of individual 115 kbp DNA molecules diffusing through various <i>in vitro</i> solutions of crowding polymers. We determine the role of crowder structure and concentration, as well as ionic conditions, on the diffusion and configurational dynamics of DNA. We find that branched, compact crowders (10 kDa PEG, 420 kDa Ficoll) drive DNA to compact, whereas linear, flexible crowders (10, 500 kDa dextran) cause DNA to elongate. Interestingly, the extent to which DNA mobility is reduced by increasing crowder concentrations appears largely insensitive to crowder structure (branched vs. linear), despite the highly different configurations DNA assumes in each case. We also characterize the role of ionic conditions on crowding-induced DNA dynamics. We show that both DNA diffusion and conformational size exhibit an emergent non-monotonic dependence on salt concentration that is not seen in the absence of crowders.
RUSBoost: Improving classification performance when training data is skewed (2008)

Constructing classification models using skewed training data can be a challenging task. We present RUSBoost, a new algorithm for alleviating the problem of class imbalance. RUSBoost combines data sampling and boosting, providing a simple and efficient method for improving classification performance when training data is imbalanced. In addition to performing favorably when compared to SMOTEBoost (another hybrid sampling/boosting algorithm), RUSBoost is computationally less expensive than SMOTEBoost and results in significantly shorter model training times. This combination of simplicity, speed and performance makes RUSBoost an excellent technique for learning from imbalanced data.
Direct MD Simulations of Terahertz Absorption and 2D Spectroscopy Applied to Explosive Crystals (2014)

A direct molecular dynamics simulation of the THz spectrum of a molecular crystal is presented. A time-dependent electric field is added to a molecular dynamics simulation of a crystal slab. The absorption spectrum is composed from the energy dissipated calculated from a series of applied pulses characterized by a carrier frequency. The spectrum of crystalline cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) were simulated with the ReaxFF force field. The proposed direct method avoids the linear response and harmonic approximations. A multidimensional extension of the spectroscopy is suggested and simulated based on the nonlinear response to a single polarized pulse of radiation in the perpendicular polarization direction.
Lightweight Unsupervised Domain Adaptation by Convolutional Filter Reconstruction (2016)

End-to-end learning methods have achieved impressive results in many areas of computer vision. At the same time, these methods still suffer from a degradation in performance when testing on new datasets that stem from a different distribution. This is known as the domain shift effect. Recently proposed adaptation methods focus on retraining the network parameters. However, this requires access to all (labeled) source data, a large amount of (unlabeled) target data, and plenty of computational resources. In this work, we propose a lightweight alternative, that allows adapting to the target domain based on a limited number of target samples in a matter of minutes rather than hours, days or even weeks. To this end, we first analyze the output of each convolutional layer from a domain adaptation perspective. Surprisingly, we find that already at the very first layer, domain shift effects pop up. We then propose a new domain adaptation method, where first layer convolutional filters that are badly affected by the domain shift are reconstructed based on less affected ones. This improves the performance of the deep network on various benchmark datasets.
Effects of As+ ion implantation on the Raman spectra of GaAs: ‘‘Spatial correlation’’ interpretation (1984)

We have studied Raman scattering from 〈100〉 GaAs samples implanted with 270-keV As+ ions with various fluences up to 3.2×1014 cm−2. In addition to phonon density of states effects, we observe a softening and asymmetric broadening of the allowed LO phonon while the small symmetry forbidden TO phonon remains almost unchanged. The behavior of the LO and TO modes can be explained quantitatively on the basis of a ‘‘spatial correlation’’ model related to q-vector relaxation induced by the damage. Our interpretation is quite general and makes it possible to use Raman spectra to evaluate an average size of undamaged regions in semiconductors.
Exploration of Vehicle Impact Speed – Injury Severity Relationships for Application in Safer Road Design (2016)

The Safe System vision (known as Vision Zero, or Sustainable Safety in Europe) aspires to minimise death and serious injury as an outcome of road travel for all road users. The road engineering contribution to this vision focusses on impact elimination, or where this is not possible, on limiting kinetic energy passed to a road user in case of an impact. Impact kinetic energy is typically limited through vehicle speed management (e.g. speed limits, enforcement or geometric road design), as vehicle mass is difficult to effectively control by public road agencies. This paper reviews available international research on relationships between impact velocity change (delta-v), impact speeds and the probability of fatal and serious injury (MAIS3+) across a range of common crash scenarios. Based on the best identified relationships, and with assumption of equal mass and vehicle speeds, right--angle and head-on impact speeds of approximately 30 km/h are likely to produce MASI3+ injury probability of approximately 10%, considered a critical threshold in Safe System discussions. For pedestrians, the threshold is likely to be even lower, approximately 20 km/h. In rear-end crashes, the critical impact speed was found to be approximately 55 km/h. Some practical applications of these findings are discussed. The paper discusses the assumptions and limitations behind the available evidence, and outlines the proposed research to strengthen it.
Adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitors. 2. 3-Substituted 5,7-dialkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (1975)

A number of 3-bromo-, 3-nitro-, and 3-ethoxycarbonyl-5,7-dialkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were synthesized and screened as in vitro cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The condensation of 3-aminopyrazole with symmetrical beta-diketones (acetylacetone, heptane-3,5-dione, etc.) afforded symmetrical dialkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (5). The reaction of 3-aminopyrazole with unsymmetrical beta-diketones (hexane-2,4-dione, heptane-3,5-dione, etc.) gave a mixture of 5-methyl-7-alkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (3) and 5-alkyl-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (4). The technique for the separation of 3 from 4 is described. The inhibition constants, alpha (the ratio of the molar I50 of theophylline to the molar I50 of the test compounds), were subjected to a Hansch correlation analysis. The results indicated that PDE isolated from beef heart tissue was most sensitive to changes in the length of the alkyl group in the 5 position of the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring, whereas the PDE isolated from rabbit lung tissue was more sensitive to changes in the length of the 7-alkyl group. Experimentally and theoretically, the n-propyl group was found to approximate the ideal size for the alkyl group in both the 5 and 7 positions;5,7-di-n-propyl-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (5e) was the most potent inhibitor of both lung and heart PDE.
Quorum-sensing in Gram-negative bacteria (2001)

It has become increasingly and widely recognised that bacteria do not exist as solitary cells, but are colonial organisms that exploit elaborate systems of intercellular communication to facilitate their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The languages by which bacteria communicate take the form of chemical signals, excreted from the cells, which can elicit profound physiological changes. Many types of signalling molecules, which regulate diverse phenotypes across distant genera, have been described. The most common signalling molecules found in Gram-negative bacteria are N-acyl derivatives of homoserine lactone (acyl HSLs). Modulation of the physiological processes controlled by acyl HSLs (and, indeed, many of the non-acyl HSL-mediated systems) occurs in a cell density- and growth phase-dependent manner. Therefore, the term 'quorum-sensing' has been coined to describe this ability of bacteria to monitor cell density before expressing a phenotype. In this paper, we review the current state of research concerning acyl HSL-mediated quorum-sensing. We also describe two non-acyl HSL-based systems utilised by the phytopathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris.
Some Aspects of Sensory Properties of Food That Relate to Food Habits and Associated Problems of Elderly Consumers (1989)

A questionnaire was developed and administered to 30 elderly consumers to explore perceptions about sensory properties of food that relate to food habits and food-related problems. Fifty percent of the survey sample believed that their food habits had changed considerably in the past 10 years, and 47% believed that health problems influenced their food selection. Few reported changes in food preparation because of mastication problems. Approximately half believed that foods smelled and tasted as good to them now as foods did when the consumers were young. Sensory properties of food were significantly (p less than or equal to .05) more important than several other factors in making purchase decisions for food preparation in three specific social contexts.
A tasking deadlock detector for Ada programs (2002)

A tasking deadlock detector for Ada programs is presented. The software tool works by monitoring the tasking behavior of a target program and operating a task-wait-for graph for the program. It can detect all types of tasking deadlocks in a class of Ada programs. The authors describe the principle of detecting tasking deadlocks dynamically, present their implementation of the tool, and give a real example of using the tool to detect a complex taking deadlock.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Large-area ZnO films grown by photo-MOCVD and their application to a-Si solar cells (2002)

Large-area ZnO films with high-transparency and high-conductivity were successfully grown on the 10/spl times/10 cm/sup 2/ substrates by the photo-MOCVD technique at a very low temperature of 135/spl deg/C. The films have a good uniformity in thickness, resistivity and crystallinity with a deviation level of 5%. The obtained ZnO films were applied to a-Si solar cells as a TCO and a conversion efficiency of as high as 12.0% (AM-1.5, area 3 mm/spl times/3 mm) was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast Inverse Reflector Design (FIRD) (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a new inverse reflector design method using a GPU‐based computation of outgoing light distribution from reflectors. We propose a fast method to obtain the outgoing light distribution of a parametrized reflector, and then compare it with the desired illumination. The new method works completely in the GPU. We trace millions of rays using a hierarchical height‐field representation of the reflector. Multiple reflections are taken into account. The parameters that define the reflector shape are optimized in an iterative procedure in order for the resulting light distribution to be as close as possible to the desired, user‐provided one. We show that our method can calculate reflector lighting at least one order of magnitude faster than previous methods, even with millions of rays, complex geometries and light sources.
Serum phospholipid fatty acid pattern is associated with bone mineral density in children, but not adults, with cystic fibrosis (2006)

Essential fatty acids (EFA) have proved to be important for normal bone mineral density (BMD) and bone growth in animal studies. Patients with cystic fibrosis often have low serum EFA levels, and low BMD has also been reported in patients with normal anthropometry. The aim of the present study was to analyse if BMD during a 2-year period was related to fatty acid status in patients with cystic fibrosis. Fifty-four patients, aged 6-33 years, were studied prospectively. BMD was measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry, and fatty acid concentrations in serum phospholipids were determined with capillary GLC. The cystic fibrosis patients showed low linoleic acid concentration and a high arachidonic acid (AA):DHA ratio in serum. The high eicosatrienoic acid:AA ratio, an indicator of EFA deficiency, increased further over 2 years, as did the total concentration of saturated fatty acids. In the adults there were no significant changes in fatty acids during the study. In the children, positive correlations were found between palmitic acid and bone mineral content in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The lumbar spine BMD Z score correlated negatively with the AA:DHA ratio. No correlation was seen in adults except for a positive correlation between EFA deficiency index and the areas of lumbar spine and femoral neck. The present results imply that fatty-acid status influenced BMD in cystic fibrosis children, but not in adults, indicating that fatty-acid status would be important for bone growth.
Estimating fusion weights of a multi-camera eye tracking system by leveraging user calibration data (2016)

Cross-ratio (CR)-based eye tracking has been attracting much interest due to its simple setup, yet its accuracy is lower than that of the model-based approaches. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, a multi-camera setup can be exploited rather than the traditional single camera systems. The overall gaze point can be computed by fusion of available gaze information from all cameras. This paper presents a real-time multi-camera eye tracking system in which the estimation of gaze relies on simple CR geometry. A novel weighted fusion method is proposed, which leverages the user calibration data to learn the fusion weights. Experimental results conducted on real data show that the proposed method achieves a significant accuracy improvement over single camera systems. The real-time system achieves 0.82° of visual angle accuracy error with very few calibration data (5 points) under natural head movements, which is competitive with more complex model-based systems.
漫谈毛泽东的“新”字情结 纪念毛泽东题写《新湘评论》刊名55周年 (2015)

1960年3月，毛泽东主席在湖南视察时，应时任省委书记张平化的请求，为湖南省委机关刊圈定了刊名并题写了“新湘评论”四个大字。当时，有人提到毛泽东1919年在长沙主办过《湘江评论》，他不失幽默地回答说，“我那个东西是资产阶级的”。（见《我的人生足迹》P252、253，李振祥著，湖南人民出版社）言下之意，《新湘评论》要“青出于蓝而胜于蓝”，以马克思主义为指导，办出新中国、新湖南“党刊姓党”的新气象。
Site-specific N-glycan characterization of human complement factor H (2007)

Human complement factor H (CFH) is a plasma glycoprotein involved in the regulation of the alternative pathway of the complement system. A deficiency in CFH is a cause of severe pathologies like atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). CFH is a 155-kDa glycoprotein containing nine potential N-glycosylation sites. In the current study, we present a quantitative glycosylation analysis of CFH using capillary electrophoresis and a complete site-specific N-glycan characterization using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESIMS/MS). A 17.9-kDa mass decrease, observed after glycosidase treatment, indicated that N-glycosylation is the major post-translational modification of CFH. This mass difference is consistent with CFH glycosylation by diantennary disialylated glycans of 2204 Da on eight sites. CFH was not sensitive to endoglycosidase H (Endo H) deglycosylation, indicating the absence of hybrid and oligomannose structures. Quantitative analysis showed that CFH is mainly glycosylated by complex, diantennary disialylated, non-fucosylated glycans. Disialylated fucosylated and monosialylated non-fucosylated oligosaccharides were also identified. MS analysis allowed complete characterization of the protein backbone, verification of the glycosylation sites and site-specific N-glycan identification. The absence of glycosylation at Asn199 of the NGSP sequence of CFH is shown. Asn511, Asn700, Asn784, Asn804, Asn864, Asn893, Asn1011 and Asn1077 are glycosylated essentially by diantennary disialylated structures with a relative distribution varying between 45% for Asn804 and 75% for Asn864. Diantennary monosialylated glycans and triantennary trisialylated fucosylated and non-fucosylated structures have also been identified. Interestingly, the sialylation level along with the amount of triantennary structures decreases from the N- to the C-terminal side of the protein.