gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Learning: A Survey on Foundation, Tools and Applications (2018)

The quality and correct functioning of software components embedded in electronic systems are of utmost concern especially for safety and mission-critical systems. Model-based testing and formal verification techniques can be employed to enhance the reliability of software systems. Formal models form the basis and are prerequisite for the application of these techniques. An emerging and promising model learning technique can complement testing and verification techniques by providing learned models of black box systems fully automatically. This paper surveys one such state of the art technique called model learning which recently has attracted much attention of researchers especially from the domains of testing and verification. This survey paper reviews and provides comparison summaries highlighting the merits and shortcomings of learning techniques, algorithms, and tools which form the basis of model learning. This paper also surveys the successful applications of model learning technique in multidisciplinary fields making it promising for testing and verification of realistic systems.
Modifications of mitochondria in human tumor cells during anthracycline-induced apoptosis. (2001)

Adriamycin (ADR), one of the major antitumor agents used for the clinical treatment of a wide variety of human cancers and its glutathione(GSH)-conjugated adduct, ADRIGLU, induced apoptosis in K562 erythroleukemia and TVM-A12 clone 2 melanoma human cell lines. We have previously reported that ADR has nuclear localization and that ADRIGLU localizes exclusively in the cytoplasm. During ADR or ADRIGLU treatment, significant depletion of the cell energy state, demonstrated by a reduction in high-energy phosphates (ATP and GTP) and a decrease in energy charge potential (ECP), were recorded between 2 hours and 24 hours, by HPLC analysis. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed that between 2 hours and 24 hours of ADR or ADRIGLU treatment, mitochondria underwent evident morphological changes, from an initial "high amplitude swelling state" to a "shrinkage state" and finally, in early apoptotic cells, to an "abnormal shrinkage state", in which a marked accumulation of pycnotic mitochondria was also observed. Confocal microscopic analysis, using the potential-sensitive dye JC-1, showed that inhibition of cell energy metabolism was preceded by a rapid decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi m). With the progression of exposure time, the early depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane was followed by a transient reversion to normal delta psi m until, in apoptotic cells, almost all mitochondrial subpopulations appeared to be hyperpolarized. Our results indicated that mitochondria are actively involved in anthracycline-induced programmed cell death, suggesting a novel mechanism that may be common to all forms of apoptosis.
Crystal structure of human KRAS G12C covalently bound to a phthalazine inhibitor (2019)

KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> has emerged as a promising target in the treatment of solid tumors. Covalent inhibitors targeting the mutant cysteine-12 residue have been shown to disrupt signaling by this long-"undruggable" target; however clinically viable inhibitors have yet to be identified. Here, we report efforts to exploit a cryptic pocket (H95/Y96/Q99) we identified in KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> to identify inhibitors suitable for clinical development. Structure-based design efforts leading to the identification of a novel quinazolinone scaffold are described, along with optimization efforts that overcame a configurational stability issue arising from restricted rotation about an axially chiral biaryl bond. Biopharmaceutical optimization of the resulting leads culminated in the identification of AMG 510, a highly potent, selective, and well-tolerated KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitor currently in phase I clinical trials (NCT03600883).
Lithospheric stretching, detached normal faulting and footwall uplift (1987)

Summary Lithospheric stretching can successfully account for the overall evolution of many sedimentary basins, and detached normal faulting the detailed geometry of the upper crust. In an instantaneously stretched, isostatically compensated basin, the equations which describe these two processes can be combined to define a ‘notional depth to decollement’. Only at this level can the sole to the normal fault system maintain a constant depth below sea-level during extension. The notional depth to decollement depends primarily on the mean density of the basin fill and for a constant-density basin fill (e.g. sea water) coincides with the level of no vertical motion during stretching. In a sediment-filled basin, the notional depth to decollement will increase with the stretching factor β as early-deposited sediments are compacted and the mean density of the sediment column increases. In general, a physical sole fault will not lie at the notional depth to decollement, and must move vertically to maintain isostatic equilibrium: such movement precludes the use of balanced cross-section techniques to determine the physical depth to decollement. In typical crustal situations, uplift of the sole fault will be more common than subsidence and will in turn cause uplift of any residual, unfaulted basement blocks which rest upon it. Footwall uplift can also be modelled using area-balance constraints, referred to the notional depth to decollement rather than to the physical sole fault. The amount of uplift depends primarily on the initial fault spacing. Three fields can be distinguished: one in which footwalls subside at an increasing rate as β increases, one in which they are uplifted above sea-level then subside below sea-level, and one in which they are uplifted then subside, but always remain above sea-level. Similar relationships exist in an uncompensated basin, where the depth to the physical sole fault replaces the notional depth to decollement. Curves showing uplift and subsidence versus β have been constructed in dimensionless form (referred to depth to decollement) and for a model basin with an exponential sediment compaction relationship. They agree closely with uplift/subsidence histories inferred from seismic and well data for the North Sea, and with published descriptions of other areas (the Armorican margin, the Aegean Sea).
Enabling scalable online personalization on the Web (2000)

Article Free Access Share on Enabling scalable online personalization on the Web Authors: Debra VanderMeer Georgia Institute of Technology and Chutney Technologies, Atlanta, GA Georgia Institute of Technology and Chutney Technologies, Atlanta, GAView Profile , Kaushik Dutta Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GAView Profile , Anindya Datta Georgia Institute of Technology and Chutney Technologies, Atlanta, GA Georgia Institute of Technology and Chutney Technologies, Atlanta, GAView Profile , Krithi Ramamritham View Profile , Shamkant B. Navanthe View Profile Authors Info & Claims EC '00: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM conference on Electronic commerceOctober 2000 Pages 185–196https://doi.org/10.1145/352871.352892Published:17 October 2000Publication History 30citation1,217DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations30Total Downloads1,217Last 12 Months62Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Clinical Evaluation of Routine Blood Sampling Practices in Patients With Diabetes (2014)

These results provide evidence across 8 lancing systems that challenge the current perceptions that patients with diabetes struggle to produce sufficient blood samples to fill most test strips, including those with 1-µL fill requirements, and that obtaining larger volumes of blood is more painful. These results are consistent with the previous literature suggesting that patients derive no real benefits from very low strip volumes and generally prefer a blood drop size that enables them to confidently fill their test strip.
Estimation of nitric oxide as an inflammatory marker in periodontitis (2009)

Nitric oxide (NO) is not only important in host defense and homeostasis but it is also regarded as harmful and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The presence of NO in periodontal disease may reflect the participation of an additional mediator of bone resorption responsible for disease progression. The aim of this study was to assess the level of NO in serum in chronic periodontitis, and correlate these levels with the severity of periodontal disease. Sixty subjects participated in the study and were divided into two groups. NO levels were assayed by measuring the accumulation of stable oxidative metabolite, nitrite with Griess reaction. Results showed subjects with periodontitis had significantly high nitrite in serum than healthy subjects. NO production is increased in periodontal disease, this will enable us to understand its role in disease progression and selective inhibition of NO may be of therapeutic utility in limiting the progression of periodontitis.
Colour and multispectral imaging for wound healing evaluation in the context of a comparative preclinical study (2013)

Accurate wound assessment is a critical task for patient care and health cost reduction at hospital but even still worse in the context of clinical studies in laboratory. This task, completely devoted to nurses, still relies on manual and tedious practices. Wound shape is measured with rules, tracing papers or rarely with alginate castings and serum injection. The wound tissues proportion is also estimated by a qualitative visual assessment based on the red-yellow-black code. Further to our preceding works on wound 3D complete assessment using a simple freehanded digital camera, we explore here the adaptation of this tool to wounds artificially created for experimentation purposes. It results that tissue uniformity and flatness leads to a simplified approach but requires multispectral imaging for enhanced wound delineation. We demonstrate that, in this context, a simple active contour method can successfully replace more complex tools such as SVM supervised classification, as no training step is required and that one shot is enough to deal with perspective projection errors. Moreover, involving all the spectral response of the tissue and not only RGB components provides a higher discrimination for separating healed epithelial tissue from granulation tissue. This research work is part of a comparative preclinical study on healing wounds. It aims to compare the efficiency of specific medical honeys with classical pharmaceuticals for wound care. Results revealed that medical honey competes with more expensive pharmaceuticals.
Foreign Object Detection for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging (2020)

Wireless power transfer technology is being widely used in electric vehicle wireless-charging applications, and foreign object detection (FOD) is an important module that is needed to satisfy the transmission and safety requirements. FOD mostly includes two key parts: metal object detection (MOD) and living object detection (LOD), which should be implemented during the charging process. In this paper, equivalent circuit models of a metal object and a living object are proposed, and the FOD methods are reviewed and analyzed within a unified framework based on the proposed FOD models. A comparison of these detection methods and future challenges is also discussed. Based on these analyses, detection methods that employ an additional circuit for detection are recommended for FOD in electric vehicle wireless-charging applications.
Synthesis of vinyl pyrophosphonate analogues of farnesyl pyrophosphate: New potential inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase (2002)

Abstract The synthesis of new bioisosteric analogues of farnesyl pyrophosphate where a vinyl pyrophosphonate replaced the pyrophosphate moiety is described. These compounds have been prepared using a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons procedure and a modified Michelson reaction. They have been evaluated for the inhibition of farnesyl protein transferase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:654–661, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10081
New type of x-ray source for lensless laboratory nano-CT with 50-nm resolution (2010)

Most X-ray systems are limited in spatial resolution by the x-ray source performance. In laboratory sources, x-rays are generated by the interaction of an electron beam with a metal target. Bulk target sources produce a spot size in the micron range. Thin layer targets allow a spot size improvement down to hundreds of nanometers, but with a significant flux reduction. Until now a spatial resolution under 100 nm could only be achieved by imaging with Fresnel zone plates with limited depth of focus, typically - several microns. This is acceptable for imaging of flat objects, but it creates a problem for tomography, which requires all parts of a bulk object to be in focus. To overcome the limitations, we invented an x-ray source with a new type of target. Because x-ray cameras can only collect photons from a small angle, the new emitter is physically shaped in such way that the camera can see it as a small dot, but it has a big length along the direction perpendicular to the camera creating a significant flux without compromising the resolution. Evaluation shows that structures down to 50 nm can be distinguished while maintaining a significant x-ray flux and infinite depth of focus required for nano-tomographical reconstruction.
The Reporting and Sustainable Business Marketing (2015)

Companies have to communicate to be noticed on the market, to promote their services and products, and to give assurances that they are a credible partner in the relationship with stakeholders. In this article, starting from the importance of marketing communication in business, an index of sustainability communication was created for the companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange for the period 2008–2009, during the financial crisis, seeking to show the awareness of the difficult moment and the use of communication. Then, based on the relevance of accounting information model, we study the relationship between the index of sustainability communication and the share price, basically its influence on the future performance of the company. The regression analysis emphasizes the positive influence of the index of sustainability communication on the share price.
Gaining respect from the top table - a challenge for trainers (2011)

One of the common complaints I hear from both experienced trainers and HR professionals is that they find it difficult to get senior management to take them seriously. While it is a common, almost cliched, expression to hear top management talk about people being their organisation's greatest asset, the reality is that training is often one of the first casualties when times get tough.
Effect of Genetic Testing for Risk of Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

Genetic testing can be considered a complex variant of diagnostic testing. If the results are not actionable, the findings may lead to anxiety or even life-disrupting actions with little offsetting benefit. Even if the results are actionable, the anxiety or actions resulting from disclosure may outweigh any benefit. Because the benefits of genetic testing are often modest, and the tests themselves are often imprecise in identifying risk, consideration must be given to potential harm in revealing the test results. A test that discloses an elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease — a fearsome condition involving memory loss, personality change, and physical . . .
A Low-Cost Solution For Excavator Simulation With Realistic Visual Effect (2008)

A low-cost excavator simulator has been developed in this paper for training human operators and evaluating control strategies for heavy-duty hydraulic machines. In such a system, the operator controls a virtual excavator by means of a joystick while experiencing realistic operating feelings through force feedback, graphical displays, and sound effects in virtual operating environments. A GPU (graphics processing unit)-based, terrain-rendering methodology is adopted to create a realistic visual appearance of different operation regions on terrain such as excavated areas and dumped soil during the excavator simulation. The kinematic relationships of the excavator's rotary joints are described, and the 3D coordinate of the bucket tip are calculated as the basis of a dynamic interaction between the excavator and the virtual terrain. A simplified mathematical model of the excavator's digging volume is proposed, and a surface of excavated soil is constructed using the Bezier patch and is deformed by manipulating its control points along a pre-defined path so as to provide visually meaningful soil bucket interaction information to the simulator.
Influence of mismatched and bulged nucleotides on SNP-preferential RNase H cleavage of RNA-antisense gapmer heteroduplexes (2017)

This study focused on determining design rules for gapmer-type antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), that can differentiate cleavability of two SNP variants of RNA in the presence of ribonuclease H based on the mismatch type and position in the heteroduplex. We describe the influence of structural motifs formed by several arrangements of multiple mismatches (various types of mismatches and their position within the ASO/target RNA duplex) on RNase H cleavage selectivity of five different SNP types. The targets were mRNA fragments of APP, SCA3, SNCA and SOD1 genes, carrying C-to-G, G-to-C, G-to-A, A-to-G and C-to-U substitutions. The results show that certain arrangements of mismatches enhance discrimination between wild type and mutant SNP alleles of RNA in vitro as well as in HeLa cells. Among the over 120 gapmers tested, we found two gapmers that caused preferential degradation of the mutant allele APP 692 G and one that led to preferential cleavage of the mutant SNCA 53 A allele, both in vitro and in cells. However, several gapmers promoted selective cleavage of mRNA mutant alleles in in vitro experiments only.
Chemistry of Hydroxymethyl Phosphorus Compounds (1982)

The chemistry of the hydroxymethyl phosphonium salts and their derivatives is reviewed, with major emphasis on reactions in which the quaternary structure of the phosphonium salts is preserved.
Computation of plate columns for NO<sub>x</sub> absorption by a new stage‐to‐stage method (1990)

Abstract A new stage‐to‐stage method has been developed for the calculation of NX x absorption columns. Each stage of the absorption column is simulated as a combination of a bubble column reactor (absorption) and an adiabatic plug for reactor (oxidation). The bubble column reactor is modelled as two single stirred tank reactors, one as a gas‐phase and one as a liquid‐phase reactor, both coupled by mass and heat transfer. In this hydrodynamic model, a dynamic approach is adopted, in which the gas‐phase transport of N 2 O 4 is the limiting step for the absorption. A gas‐phasepseudo‐enhancement for factor for N 2 O 4 is therefore introduced. The balance equations for a single phase of the bubble column are solved with a Newton‐Raphson algorithm. The entire column calculation is divided into a gas and a liquid side. On both sides, the stage‐to‐stage method is applied in such way that the overall calculation is performed as a loop process. The direction of the loop calculation follows that of the flow: gas‐side upwards and liquid‐side downwards.
An object-based programming model for shared data (1992)

The classical object model supports private data within objects and clean interfaces between objects, and by definition does not permit sharing of data among arbitrary objects. This is a problem for real-world applications, such as advanced financial services and integrated network management, where the same data logically belong to multiple objects and may be distributed over multiple nodes on the network. Rather than give up the advantages of encapsulated objects in modeling real-world entities, we propose a new object model that supports shared data in a distributed environment. The key is separating distribution of computation units from information-hiding concerns. Minimal units of data and control, called facets , may be shared among multiple objects and are grouped into processes . Thus, a single object, or information-hiding unit, may be distributed among multiple processes, or computation units. In other words, different facets of the same object may reside in different address spaces on different machines. We introduce our new object model, describe a motivating example from the financial domain, and then explain facets, objects, and processes, followed by timing and synchronization concerns.
Measurement of acoustic impedance using a capillary: An attempt to achieve optimization (1986)

The choice of the dimensions of capillary tubes used for acoustic impedance measurements (with applications to wind musical instruments or materials) depends on the frequency and impedance ranges. It is shown that there is an optimum range for the ratio of the length of the tube to its area, in order to have a flat amplitude response over a wide range of frequency. Several shapes of capillaries, in particular a narrow slit with arbitrary shape, such as a hexagon inscribed in a circle, using an approximate theory of viscothermal effect are studied. The upper limit of frequency does not depend on the shape, but only on the length of the capillary. Therefore, the choice of the dimensions starts with the frequency range, and our study allows one to deduce successively the length, the transverse dimension related to the width of the slit, and finally, from the impedance range, the transverse dimension related to the number of capillaries.
Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis (2009)

Regular use of nebulised hypertonic saline by adults and children over the age of 12 years with CF results in an improvement in lung function after four weeks (very low-quality evidence from three trials), but this was not sustained at 48 weeks (low-quality evidence from one trial). The review did show that nebulised hypertonic saline reduced the frequency of pulmonary exacerbations (although we found insufficient evidence for this outcome in children under six years of age) and may have a small effect on improvement in quality of life in adults.Evidence from one small cross-over trial in children indicates that rhDNase may lead to better lung function at three months; qualifying this we highlight that while the study did demonstrate that the improvement in FEV<sub>1</sub> was greater with daily rHDNase, there were no differences seen in any of the secondary outcomes.Hypertonic saline does appear to be an effective adjunct to physiotherapy during acute exacerbations of lung disease in adults. However, for the outcomes assessed, the quality of the evidence ranged from very low to at best moderate, according to the GRADE criteria.
13.5 MHz class-S modulator for an EER transmitter (2005)

An integrated 13.5MHz class-S modulator for an EER transmitter is described. The modulator uses 3.3 V supply voltage and was fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The measured output power was 22.8 dBm for a 10 MHz rectangle pulse input signal with 50% Ye duty cycle. The chip area is 1.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .