gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Production of Green Feed from Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen (2014)

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to form hydrocarbons was conducted on two iron-based catalysts, prepared according to procedures described in the literature, and on a new iron spinel catalyst. The CO2 conversion measured in a packed-bed reactor was limited to about 60% because of excessive amounts of water produced in this process. Switching to a system of three packed-bed reactors in series with interim removal of water and condensed hydrocarbons increased CO2 conversion to as much as 89%. The pure spinel catalyst displayed a significantly higher activity and selectivity than those of the other iron catalysts. This process produces a product called green feed, which is similar in composition to the product of a high-temperature, iron-based Fischer–Tropsch process from syngas. The green feed can be readily converted into renewable fuels by well-established technologies.
Effects of curcumin on stem-like cells in human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines (2012)

Our results suggest that curcumin not only eliminates cancer cells but also targets CSCs. Therefore, curcumin may be an effective compound for treating esophageal and possibly other cancers in which CSCs can cause tumor recurrence.
A simple assay method for erythropoietin in vitro. (1983)

A simple in vitro assay method for erythropoietin, a plasma glycoprotein which stimulates erythroid differentiation, has been developed. In this method, a liver cell suspension from 13-day mouse fetus was planted in the wells of a flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plate and incubated for culturing. The formation of erythroid colonies, which were identified with benzidine staining, was dependent on added erythropoietin. Since this method is inexpensive, sensitive, simple, and only requires a small sample, it could be adopted for assaying the erythropoietin levels in blood, urine, and other materials.
Time-frequency analysis of a motion system with learning control (2004)

Iterative learning control (ILC) is a known technique for improving the performance of systems or processes that operate repetitively over a fixed time interval. ILC generates a feed-forward signal effective for providing good tracking control. Experience with ILC algorithm applied to the wafer stage of a wafer scanner motion system has shown that ILC has liability to deal with limited performance in the face of position dependent dynamics, with the fact that ILC does not account for setpoint trajectory changes and with stochastic effects. The goal of the research presented in this paper is to integrate ILC applied to the wafer stage motion system with time-frequency analysis. This provides insight into the above mentioned ILC shortcomings when the learning control technique is applied on the considered motion system. We examine the suitability of a time-frequency adaptive filtering design for the learned feed-forward when applied to the wafer stage setup.
Dasotraline Is Clinically Effective for Adults With ADHD (2015)

Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may benefit from an oral regimen of dasotraline, which inhibits reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. Deficiencies of both compounds have been associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial provided proof-of-concept for dasotraline use, and should prompt further clinical trials and dose optimization.
Lipa, B. et al. Tsunami Arrival Detection with High Frequency (HF) Radar. Remote Sens. 2012, 4, 1448-1461 (2012)

We neglected to state that the radar data from Tokushima and Anan is owned by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Shikoku Regional Development Bureau, Komatsushima port and airport office, Japan. Lipa et al. [1] describe results on tsunami detection using data measured by two radars located at Tokushima and Anan on the Kii channel. This data is owned by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Shikoku Regional Development Bureau, Komatsushima port and airport office, Japan. Locations of the radars are shown in Figure 4(a,c) [1]. Results of the data analysis are given in Section 3.1.2, plotted in Figure 6 and listed in Table 1 [1]. [...]
Glucose-oligosaccharides comprising (al?6) and (al?4) glycosidic bonds, use thereof , and methods for providing them (2010)

The invention relates to the field of poly- and oligosaccharides and their nutritional effects. In particular, it relates to the application of a-glucanotransferases in methods for preparing dietary fibers, including prebiotic oligosaccharides, and to novel oligosaccharides obtainable thereby. Provided is a method for producing a mixture of gluco-oligosaccharides having one or more consecutive (a1?6) glucosidic linkages and one or more consecutive (a1?4) glucosidic linkages, comprising contacting a poly- and/or oligosaccharide substrate comprising at least two (a1?4) linked D-glucose units with an ?-glucanotransferase capable of cleaving (a1?4) glucosidic linkages and making new (a1?4) and (a1?6) glucosidic linkages. Also provided are (isolated) gluco-oligosaccharides obtainable thereby, and their application in nutritional and cosmetic compositions.
PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ∞ AND METABOLIC DISEASE (2001)

■ Abstract The nuclear peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor∞ (PPAR∞ )i s a transcription factor that is activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites and is essential for fat cell formation. Although obesity is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases, potent PPAR∞ activators such as the glitazone drugs lower glucose and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and also have antiatherosclerotic and antihypertensive effects. We review recent studies providing insight into the paradoxical relationship between PPAR∞ and metabolic disease. We also review recent advances in understanding the structural basis for PPAR∞ activation by ligands. The unusual ligand-binding properties of PPAR∞ suggest that it will be possible to discover new chemical classes of receptor “modulators” with distinct pharmacological activities for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases.
Molecular self-assembly and applications of designer peptide amphiphiles (2010)

Short synthetic peptide amphiphiles have recently been explored as effective nanobiomaterials in applications ranging from controlled gene and drug release, skin care, nanofabrication, biomineralization, membrane protein stabilization to 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. This range of applications is heavily linked to their unique nanostructures, remarkable simplicity and biocompatibility. Some peptide amphiphiles also possess antimicrobial activities whilst remaining benign to mammalian cells. These attractive features are inherently related to their selective affinity to different membrane interfaces, high capacity for interfacial adsorption, nanostructuring and spontaneous formation of nano-assemblies. Apart from sizes, the primary sequences of short peptides are very diverse as they can be either biomimetic or de novo designed. Thus, their self-assembling mechanistic processes and the nanostructures also vary enormously. This critical review highlights recent advances in studying peptide amphiphiles, focusing on the formation of different nanostructures and their applications in diverse fields. Many interesting features learned from peptide self-organisation and hierarchical templating will serve as useful guidance for functional materials design and nanobiotechnology (123 references).
Angular-Domain Channel Model and Channel Estimation for MIMO System (2008)

A new MIMO channel model based on angular-domain, double-directional channel model is proposed. Angular domain is a more appropriate coordinate to describe the MIMO channel, since the incoming rays and outgoing rays appear in clusters in the real world. This model is developed based on linear space and sampling theory and is applicable to any practical antenna geometry and includes the actual radiation pattern of the antenna array. It is compared with other existing models, including i.i.d., Kronecker, virtual channel representation and eigenbeam model, using channel estimation based model validation. Both simulation and experimental results show that it outperforms other angular-domain based models in terms of channel estimation error. A more accurate channel model not only facilitates better performance analysis, but also channel estimation in practical communication system.
Controlled Porosity Ceramics for Bone Graft Applications (2000)

Abstract Significant research has already been done for the development of bioceramic materials with controlled microstructures using inert, bioactive and bioresorbable ceramics. Microporous implants with controlled pore size in the range of 100-600 μm have proven to be osteoconductive. A minimum pore size of 100 μm is necessary for tissue in-growth and to provide blood supply to the connective tissues to keep them viable and healthy. Bone in-growth takes place within the inter-connected pore channels near the surface and maintains its vascularity and long term viability, and the implant serves as a structural bridge or scaffold for bone formation. Controlled porosity ceramic scaffolds were fabricated using indirect fused deposition modeling (FDM), a commercially available rapid prototyping process, with alumina and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics. Pore size and pore volumes were varied by changing road width, road gap and slice thickness of the polymeric molds. Mechanical tests were conducted to understand the influence of porosity parameters on strength degradation. In vitro tests were carried out with human osteoblast (HOB) cells to understand the effects of porosity parameters on cell growth. The paper describes the effects of porosity on the biocompatibility and bio-mechanical properties of controlled porosity alumina and TCP scaffolds.
Development of a Dichotomous-Flow Quantitative Fit Test for Half-Mask and Full-Facepiece Respirators (1994)

A new method to quantitate the fit of elastomeric half-mask and full-facepiece air-purifying respirators was developed. In this method the two flows, cartridge flow and leak flow, are separate. The air-purifying cartridges of the respirator are attached to a reference respirator. A selected flow equivalent to the inhalation flow of the wearer is drawn through the cartridge pair: A feedback system consisting of a pressure controller and a control valve is used to set the pressure drop in the mask on the subject's face equal to the pressure drop in the reference mask. The faceseal leak flow is measured while the subject holds his or her breath for a short period of time. The ratio of total flow (cartridge flow+leak flow) to leak flow is a measure of fit and is defined as the flow fit factor. Aerosol fit factors and flow fit factors were determined using sampling probes in three mask locations: top, center, and bottom. A Kruskal-Wallis test showed that aerosol fit factors obtained from the three locations were significantly different from each other (p=0.0001) while the corresponding flow fit factors were not. Aerosol fit factors obtained with the center probe had the least variability. The coefficient of variation in aerosol fit factors ranged from 5.4% for the center probe to 19% for the bottom probe; the coefficient of variation in flow fit factors was much lower, ranging from 1.7% for the top probe to 2.2% for the center and bottom probes.
Multiuser MISO indoor visible light communications (2014)

Visible light communications is an energy efficient and cost effective solution for indoor wireless connectivity. In this paper we explore algorithms for supporting many users concurrently by optimizing the use of individual LEDs in each luminary. The directionality of LEDs is considered when assigning multiple LEDs to a user, forming a multiple input single output (MISO) system. Exploiting the spatial separation of detectors, MISO techniques using code division multiple access and minimum mean square error detection can offer high performance to simultaneous users while preserving the properties of the lighting system, such as spatially and temporally continuous dimmable illumination.
A Mixed-Signal Technique for TX-Induced Modulated Spur Cancellation in LTE-CA Receivers (2018)

A mixed signal transmit (TX)-interference cancellation technique targeting Long Term Evolution (LTE) carrier aggregation (CA) receivers is proposed. The introduced architecture aims for the mitigation of TX modulated spur interference, a newly arisen issue in LTE-CA receivers. The resulting technique directly senses the TX leakage within the receiver and generates a reference signal to cancel the TX interference in the digital domain. This architecture benefits from combining the robustness of digital cancellation and the simplicity of analog cancellation. A widely linear least mean squares filter based digital cancellation architecture is proposed to compensate both the main and image spur interference. For a proof of concept, the proposed technique is evaluated on a hardware demonstrator comprising an RFIC with an LTE-CA receiver. Measurement results show that the TX modulated spur interference is suppressed significantly, thereby improving the noise figure (NF) of the receiver by 11.2 dB. The proposed cancellation restores the NF of the receiver to values within 0.1 dB from its value in the absence of the modulated spur.
Extracorporeal CO2 removal by hemodialysis: in vitro model and feasibility (2017)

When the bench top data is scaled up, the system removes a therapeutic amount of CO<sub>2</sub> standard intermittent hemodialysis flow rates. The zero bicarbonate dialysate did not cause acidosis in the post-dialyzer blood. These results demonstrate that, with further development, respiratory hemodialysis can be a minimally invasive extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal treatment option.
Deterministic Nanoassembly of Quasi-Three-Dimensional Plasmonic Nanoarrays with Arbitrary Substrate Materials and Structures (2019)

Guided manipulation of light through periodic nanoarrays of three-dimensional (3D) metal-dielectric patterns provides remarkable opportunities to harness light in a way that cannot be obtained with conventional optics yet its practical implementation remains hindered by a lack of effective methodology. Here we report a novel 3D nanoassembly method that enables deterministic integration of quasi-3D plasmonic nanoarrays with a foreign substrate composed of arbitrary materials and structures. This method is versatile to arrange a variety of types of metal-dielectric composite nanoarrays in lateral and vertical configurations, providing a route to generate heterogeneous material compositions, complex device layouts, and tailored functionalities. Experimental, computational, and theoretical studies reveal the essential design features of this approach and, taken together with implementation of automated equipment, provide a technical guidance for large-scale manufacturability. Pilot assembly of specifically engineered quasi-3D plasmonic nanoarrays with a model hybrid pixel detector for deterministic enhancement of the detection performances demonstrates the utility of this method.
Broadband Multifunctional Efficient Meta-Gratings Based on Dielectric Waveguide Phase Shifters (2015)

Molding the wavefront of light is a basic principle of any optical design. In conventional optical components such as lenses and waveplates, the wavefront is controlled via propagation phases in a medium much thicker than the wavelength. Metasurfaces instead typically produce the required phase changes using subwavelength-sized resonators as phase shift elements patterned across a surface. This "flat optics" approach promises miniaturization and improved performance. Here we introduce metasurfaces which use dielectric ridge waveguides (DRWs) as phase shift elements in which the required phase accumulation is achieved via propagation over a subwavelength distance. By engineering the dispersive response of DRWs, we experimentally realize high resolving power meta-gratings with broadband (λ = 1.2-1.7 μm) and efficient routing (splitting and bending) into a single diffraction order, thus overcoming the limits of blazed gratings. In addition, we demonstrate polarization beam splitting capabilities with large suppression ratios.
FLUCTUATION-ENHANCED GAS SENSING BY SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE DEVICES (2002)

This paper presents a new method for the detection, identification and quantitative analysis of gas molecules and their mixtures. The enhanced sensitivity and selectivity of this method allows the detection and identification of gases in amounts not previously detectable. This method is based on the spectral analysis of the dynamics of adsorbed molecules on surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay lines and resonators.
Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Heterocycle C−H Bonds (2007)

A new method for the direct, copper-catalyzed arylation of heterocycle C−H bonds by aryl halides has been developed. In addition to electron-rich five-membered heterocycles, electron-poor pyridine oxides can also be arylated. The best results are obtained by using a combination of lithium tert-butoxide base, aryl iodide coupling partner, and copper iodide catalyst.
Optimal dispersion maps for wavelength-division-multiplexed soliton transmission (1998)

We propose an advantageous dispersion-management scheme for wavelength-division-multiplexed soliton transmission in which optimal launch points are obtained whose locations are independent of the fibers' dispersion parameters. Inasmuch as using such optimal launch points minimizes dispersively shed radiation, it is possible to optimize the transmission simultaneously in several different channels. For the particular case of a two-step dispersion map we demonstrate that this result can be achieved by proper choice of the fiber lengths.
Metabolomics Beyond Spectroscopic Databases: A Combined MS/NMR Strategy for the Rapid Identification of New Metabolites in Complex Mixtures (2015)

A novel strategy is introduced that combines high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with NMR for the identification of unknown components in complex metabolite mixtures encountered in metabolomics. The approach first identifies the chemical formulas of the mixture components from accurate masses by MS and then generates all feasible structures (structural manifold) that are consistent with these chemical formulas. Next, NMR spectra of each member of the structural manifold are predicted and compared with the experimental NMR spectra in order to identify the molecular structures that match the information obtained from both the MS and NMR techniques. This combined MS/NMR approach was applied to Escherichia coli extract, where the approach correctly identified a wide range of different types of metabolites, including amino acids, nucleic acids, polyamines, nucleosides, and carbohydrate conjugates. This makes this approach, which is termed SUMMIT MS/NMR, well suited for high-throughput applications for the discovery of new metabolites in biological and biomedical mixtures, overcoming the need of experimental MS and NMR metabolite databases.
Quantum cascade lasers: between intersubband physics and applications (2000)

Recent developments in the research in quantum cascade laser technology in university of Neuchatel are reviewed. We report operation of quantum cascade lasers at high temperature (up to 10 mW peak power at 90 degrees Celsius) and of distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers with single-mode surface emission. New results in the investigation of mid-IR emission from InGaN/GaN LED's are also discussed.
Robust mouse tracking in complex environments using neural networks (2019)

The ability to track animals accurately is critical for behavioral experiments. For video-based assays, this is often accomplished by manipulating environmental conditions to increase contrast between the animal and the background in order to achieve proper foreground/background detection (segmentation). Modifying environmental conditions for experimental scalability opposes ethological relevance. The biobehavioral research community needs methods to monitor behaviors over long periods of time, under dynamic environmental conditions, and in animals that are genetically and behaviorally heterogeneous. To address this need, we applied a state-of-the-art neural network-based tracker for single mice. We compare three different neural network architectures across visually diverse mice and different environmental conditions. We find that an encoder-decoder segmentation neural network achieves high accuracy and speed with minimal training data. Furthermore, we provide a labeling interface, labeled training data, tuned hyperparameters, and a pretrained network for the behavior and neuroscience communities.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Streptococcus mutans antigenic determinants I/II, I, II, and III and their serotype specificities (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) were developed to four protein components of Streptococcus mutans serotype c, some of which are significant in the protection against dental caries. The six McAb used in this investigation support the identities of streptococcal antigens (SA) I/II, I, II, and III. The specificities of these antigenic determinants were established both by direct binding and inhibition with the pure SA with a solid-phase radioassay. Whereas conventional antisera to S. mutans serotype c cross-react with serotypes c, e, and f (and g), McAb to serotype c-derived SA I/II react predominantly with serotype c and show some low-titer reactivity with serotype f. The slight cross-reactivity between S. mutants cells of serotypes c and f could be further differentiated by absorption of any of the three McAb to SA I/II with cells of serotype c. Parallel studies of McAb with cells of S. mutans and their ammonium sulfate-precipitated culture supernatants suggest that some SA determinants are retained predominantly on the cell surface, but others are readily shed into the culture medium, so that they are detected both on the cell surface and culture medium. Unlike polyclonal antibodies, McAb are capable of discriminating single antigenic determinants and can be applied to the study of shedding of antigens from microorganisms into the environment, such as the gut or gingival sulcus.
Advanced embedded control and data acquisition systems for laser-based quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (2007)

This work describes the development of low-power embedded systems for miniature quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) laser based trace gas sensors. Such sensors must address the following functions simultaneously: 1) laser current control, 2) laser temperature control, 3) multi-harmonic quadrature lock-in amplification, and 4) digital data processing. Currently used methods for control and acquisition result in shoebox sized sensors requiring 3 to 4W of electrical power consumption, which is too high for portable energy harvesting powered monitoring. In order to improve sensors to meet required size and cost demands of portable health monitors and environmental sensor networks, we have consolidated and minimized the necessary processing resources for QEPAS sensors. Our processing system has been reduced to a single 10cm × 6.5cm circuit board constructed entirely from low-cost off-the-shelf components, and achieves power consumption of 0.2W.