gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exceeding the inherent resolution limit of photo-detectors in pulse-shape measurements by implementing sparseness-based algorithms (2010)

We demonstrate experimentally pulse-shape reconstruction at resolution that significantly exceeds the photodiode inherent resolution limit. The knowledge that pulses are inherently sparse enables us to retrieve data that is otherwise hidden in the noise.
Current Injection Logic Gate with Four Josephson Junctions (1979)

A novel current switching Josephson logic gate in which four junctions are connected in a loop is described. This four-junction logic gate can reduce an inductance included in the loop as small as possible, so that the higher switching speed and the smaller device size is expected. The switching threshold and the switching characteristics of the gate are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Logic circuits based on the gates are also experimentally demonstrated.
Tracking and characterizing knocks atop large interactive displays (2005)

Purpose To describe the development of and experience with a system that tracks the position of knocks and taps atop a large sheet of glass for use as an inexpensive retrofit that can make large windows into interactive interfaces. Design/methodology/approach The structural‐acoustic wavefront coming from the impact is simultaneously recorded by four contact piezoelectric pickups mounted near the sheet's corners. A digital signal processor extracts relevant characteristics from these signals, such as amplitudes, frequency components, and differential timings, which are used to estimate the location of the hit and derive other parameters, including a degree of confidence in the position accuracy, the strike intensity and the nature of each hit (e.g. knuckle knock, metal tap, or fist bang – our system responds to any kind of impact). A set of heuristically‐guided rules are employed to compare the waveforms recorded by different sensors and determine the differential timing. Findings Across sensitive areas ranging up to 2×2 m, we have obtained position resolutions of σ =2.5 cm for 1/4 in. tempered glass and σ =3‐4 cm for 1 cm thick shatterproof glass. Our system delivers 65 ms latency, hence is essentially real time. The system has been installed in several public settings, and has proven to be very robust. Research limitations/implications Suggestions are given for doing everything in software and not using the DSP. Analytical compensation of the dispersion would probably yield better precision but require more computation time. Practical implications As this system requires only simple hardware, it needs no special adaptation of the glass pane, and allows all tracking transducers to be mounted on the inner surface, hence it is quite easy and inexpensive to deploy as a retrofit to existing windows. This opens many applications, such as an interactive storefront, with content controlled by knocks on the display window, an interactive museum display case, or a vending machine where one can select by tapping directly above the desired item. Originality/value As large displays become less costly and more common, systems like these can make them interactive. This paper details our approach.
Displacement-Invariant Cost Computation for Efficient Stereo Matching (2020)

Although deep learning-based methods have dominated stereo matching leaderboards by yielding unprecedented disparity accuracy, their inference time is typically slow, on the order of seconds for a pair of 540p images. The main reason is that the leading methods employ time-consuming 3D convolutions applied to a 4D feature volume. A common way to speed up the computation is to downsample the feature volume, but this loses high-frequency details. To overcome these challenges, we propose a \emph{displacement-invariant cost computation module} to compute the matching costs without needing a 4D feature volume. Rather, costs are computed by applying the same 2D convolution network on each disparity-shifted feature map pair independently. Unlike previous 2D convolution-based methods that simply perform context mapping between inputs and disparity maps, our proposed approach learns to match features between the two images. We also propose an entropy-based refinement strategy to refine the computed disparity map, which further improves speed by avoiding the need to compute a second disparity map on the right image. Extensive experiments on standard datasets (SceneFlow, KITTI, ETH3D, and Middlebury) demonstrate that our method achieves competitive accuracy with much less inference time. On typical image sizes, our method processes over 100 FPS on a desktop GPU, making our method suitable for time-critical applications such as autonomous driving. We also show that our approach generalizes well to unseen datasets, outperforming 4D-volumetric methods.
An on-chip tunable add-drop filter using a microtoroid resonator (2012)

We present an add-drop filter (ADF) with a drop efficiency of 57% and quality factor of 4.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> composed of an on-chip whispering gallery mode (WGM) ultra-high quality factor (Q) microtoroid resonator side coupled to two taper fibers. Different than the exisiting microtoroid based ADF designs, we fabricated reflowed silica side walls along the microtoroid resonators to support the fiber-taper waveguides, not only making the alignment process easier but also providing mechanical stability. As an additional benefit, we observe that the drop-wavelength can be tuned without compromising drop efficiency.
Method and apparatus for aerosol-particle absorption spectroscopy. [DOE patent application] (1981)

A method and apparatus are described for determining the absorption spectra, and other properties, of aerosol particles. A heating beam source provides a beam of electromagnetic energy which is scanned through the region of the spectrum which is of interest. Particles exposed to the heating beam which have absorption bands within the band width of the heating beam absorb energy from the beam. The particles are also illuminated by light of a wave length such that the light is scattered by the particles. The absorption spectra of the particles can thus be determined from an analysis of the scattered light since the absorption of energy by the particles will affect the way the light is scattered. Preferably the heating beam is modulated to simplify the analysis of the scattered light. In one embodiment the heating beam is intensity modulated so that the scattered light will also be intensity modulated when the particles absorb energy. In another embodiment the heating beam passes through an interferometer and the scattered light reflects the Fourier Transform of the absorption spectra.
Activated Pregnenolone X-Receptor Is a Target for Ketoconazole and Its Analogs (2007)

These studies show that some azole compounds repress the coordinated activation of genes involved in drug metabolism by blocking PXR activation. Because loss of PXR maintains blood levels of paclitaxel upon chronic dosing, ketoconazole analogues may also serve to preserve paclitaxel blood levels on chronic dosing of drugs. Our observations may facilitate new strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of drugs and to reduce therapeutic side effects.
Tale of the unseen phage (2013)

Lactococcal phages are among the best characterized phages of Gram-positive bacteria and as such represent excellent models to promote our understanding of phage-host interactions. In recent years, microarray technology has been employed to define the transcriptional profile of phages during infection, while simultaneously uncovering the response of the host to the infection event. The responses to infection by a lytic and a temperate phage of Lactococcus lactis were analyzed, combined with an assessment of the host response to lysogenisation with the temperate phage, Tuc2009. Here, we discuss the lessons learned from such transcriptional profiling studies, focusing on studies relating to phages of Lactococcus lactis, and how this knowledge may be applied to future studies.
The application of RNA interference technology to modulate the expression of key enzymes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway (2006)

Lignification of secondary cell walls during plant development has been identified as the major factor limiting forage digestibility and thus animal performance. Lignins are complex phenolic polymers which are associated with the polysaccharides of the cell wall in specific plant cells primarily in mature stems. In alfalfa, the lignin polymer comprises guaiacyl (G) units and syringyl (S) units. Several recently published studies have demonstrated that transgenic plants with down regulated caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and caffeoyl CoA 3-Omethyltransferase (CCOMT) had reduced lignin content and altered lignin subunit composition. These studies all utilized antisense mediated technology to achieve gene suppression. While these studies have been successful in down regulating the target gene and producing transgenic alfalfa with significantly reduced lignin levels the efficiency is limited. Typically only 5-10% of the transgenic events in these studies exhibited significant levels of down regulation of the target enzyme and corresponding transcript. This limits our ability to identify plants that are suitable for commercial development.
Optimum design of the printed strip monopole (2005)

A monopole antenna, printed on low-cost laminate and fed by a microstrip line, is examined. These types of antennas are becoming popular in view of their broad bandwidth and low-profile structure, enabling easy integration as a terminal antenna. The move away from a classical ground plane (with normal radiator) is one of the attractive features of these antennas, but the full effects of the radiator and ground plane being on opposite sides of the same laminate are often not investigated. The effect of these ground planes on the impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern is investigated experimentally and numerically.
Probabilistic Approaches to Controversy Detection (2016)

Recently, the problem of automated controversy detection has attracted a lot of interest in the information retrieval community. Existing approaches to this problem have set forth a number of detection algorithms, but there has been little effort to model the probability of controversy in a document directly. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic framework to detect controversy on the web, and investigate two models. We first recast a state-of-the-art controversy detection algorithm into a model in our framework. Based on insights from social science research, we also introduce a language modeling approach to this problem.
DeepFont (2015)

We develop the DeepFont system, a large-scale learning-based solution for automatic font identification, organization and selection. In this proposed technical demonstration, we will give our audience a tour to the DeepFont system, with the focus on its impacts on real consumer products, including but not limited to: 1) a cloud-based iOS App for font recognition; 2) a web-based tool for font similarity evaluation and discovery.
Faceted Design of Microscale Channels for Electrokinetic Flows (2003)

A novel methodology for designing microfluidic channels for low-dispersion, electrokinetic flows is presented. The technique relies on trigonometric relations that apply for ideal electrokinetic flows, allowing faceted channels to be designed using common drafting software and a hand calculator. Flows are rotated and stretched along the abrupt interface between adjacent regions having differing specific permeability. Two-interface systems are used to eliminate hydrodynamic rotation of bands injected into channels. Regions bounded by interfaces form faceted flow “prisms” with uniform velocity fields that can be combined with other prisms to obtain a wide range of turning angles and expansion ratios. Lengths of faceted prisms can be varied arbitrarily, simplifying chip layout and allowing the ability to select time-of-flight for a given faceted prism. The method is tested using combined experimental and computational demonstrations of flow displacers. Designs are demonstrated using two-dimensional numerical solutions of the Laplace equation. Experimental flow visualization is performed using standard epi-fluorescence microscopy techniques.
Acquired Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors Associated with a Novel T854A Mutation in a Patient with <i>EGFR</i>-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma (2008)

The T854A mutation is the second reported second-site acquired resistance mutation that is within contact distance of gefitinib and erlotinib. These data suggest that acquired resistance to ATP-mimetic EGFR kinase inhibitors may often be associated with amino acid substitutions that alter drug contact residues in the EGFR ATP-binding pocket.
Efficient Block-Based Foreground Object Detection for Outdoor Scenes on Embedded SoC Platforms (2012)

Foreground object detection is one of crucial techniques for image surveillance systems. This paper presents a block-based foreground detection algorithm that possesses fast processing and low memory requirement to be performed on the embedded system for real-time operations. The gray distribution of each block is analyzed, and then the major gray pixels are selected to construct the block background model. Because of using gray image, our proposed approach can save up to 94 % memory consumption under the requirement of reasonable object detection, when comparing to other existing methods. Besides, this algorithm can improve objection detection speed. At last, the proposed approach for the moving object detection has been implemented on the TI DaVinci platform. It can achieve 25 frames per second for the benchmark video with image size 640×480.
A new capacitor-less LED drive (2016)

In this paper a new capacitor-less LED drive is proposed. The design is based on the utilization of the internal capacitance of the LED to replace the smoothing capacitor. LED lighting systems usually have many LEDs for better illumination that can reach multiple tens of LEDs. Such configuration can be utilized to enlarge the total internal capacitance and hence minimize the output ripple. In addition, the switching frequency is selected such that minimum ripple appears at the output. The functionality of the proposed design is confirmed experimentally and the efficiency of the drive is 85% at full load.
Expression of Mangrove Allene Oxide Cyclase Enhances Salt Tolerance in Escherichia coli, Yeast, and Tobacco Cells (2002)

To analyze the mechanisms of salt tolerance in the mangrove plant, Bruguiera sexangula, functional screening for cDNAs encoding proteins essential for salt tolerance was performed using Escherichia coli as the host organism. A transformant expressing a protein homologous to Lycopersicon (tomato) allene oxide cyclase (AOC) displayed enhanced salt tolerance. However, this unusual trait is not conferred by Lycopersicon AOC or its Arabidopsis homolog. Analysis of the functional region revealed a sequence of only 70 amino acids, which contains an unusual sequence that is essential for the salt-tolerant phenotype. On the basis of its unusual function, the mangrove AOC homolog is designated "mangrin". Furthermore, expression of mangrin driven by the GAL1 promoter and the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tobacco cell lines, respectively, also gave rise to enhanced salt tolerance. Mangrin transcripts increased in cultured B. sexangula cells in response to salt stress. We propose that mangrin plays an important role in the salt-tolerance mechanism of B. sexangula, and that the biosynthesis of mangrin might be an effective means of enhancing salt tolerance in higher plants.
Heartbeat OCE: Corneal biomechanical response to simulated heartbeat pulsation (2020)

The biomechanical properties of the cornea can be an important biomarker for assessing tissue health. In this work, we evaluated cornea biomechanical properties during intraocular pressure fluctuation simulating heartbeat induced corneal pulse. This method results in a more physiologically relevant assessment of tissue mechanics, and thus diverges from typical elastography techniques that rely on externally induced deformation. Optical coherence tomography is used to detect displacements in the cornea as IOP is cycled. The axial strains within the cornea are calculated from these displacements, so that dynamic changes in stiffness can be determined. The results indicate a gradient in axial displacement within the cornea and illustrate a distinct difference in strain between the untreated and crosslinked tissues. This suggests that heartbeat OCE may be a useful technique in assessing stiffness of the cornea.
Pet image reconstruction: GPU-accelerated particle filter framework (2011)

In this paper, we explore the usage of graphics processing units (GPU)-accelerated particle filter strategies for the estimation of activity map in tomographic PET imaging. The proposed framework formulates the physiological model of the imaging tissues through state space evolution equations and the photon counting statistics through observation equations, and then reconstruction is performed using particle filter estimation. For fast reconstruction, the calculations are implemented using highly-parallel GPU. Experiments show that the image quality is improved through particle filter. Furthermore, thanks to the computing power of graphics hardware, reconstruction times are practical for clinical applications.
An active circulator-gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (1984)

A recent experiment demonstrated that wide-band amplification of millimeter waves is feasible by using a tapered gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) of the reflection type. In this paper, we show that the difficult problem of input/output coupling in such a reflection amplifier may be solved simply by the use of an almost square waveguide, with or without a dielectric lining. An input signal in the form of TE\min{01}\max_{\square} mode, say, is injected from the downstream of the electron beam of the gyro-TWA. It propagates upstream and is reflected by the constriction of the tapered waveguide. By a judicious choice of the waveguide dimensions and of the magnetic field profile, we find that it is possible for the reflected wave to be strongly amplified in the TE\min{10}\max_{\square} mode, which has a polarization orthogonal to the input mode, thereby permittting easy separation of the input and the output signal. This novel device thus performs the dual function of an amplifier and of a circulator with wide bandwidth and good power handling capabilities at millimeter wavelengths. This optimism is based on the numerical studies presented in this paper. Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of the TE\min{01}\max_{\square} and TE\min{10}\max_{\square} modes is found to strengthen the beam-circuit interaction. All of the known advantages of the reflection gyro-TWA, such as the lack of the 9-dB launching loss and the insensitivity to the beam velocity spread, are expected to be preserved in this device. The effects of reflection from the load is considered in some detail. A Proof-of-Principle experiment is suggested.
Out-phased array linearized signaling (OPALS): A practical approach to physical layer encryption (2015)

Traditional methods of securing communications rely on methods, such as encryption, which require coordination between the transmitter and the receiver. Physical layer encryption techniques propose exploiting transmit arrays to cover the transmitted signal with beamformed noise or to generate directional modulation to provide security without requiring coordination a priori between the transmitter and receiver. These techniques suffer from implementation difficulties such as high computational requirements and higher amplifier linearity requirements. In this paper we propose out-phased array linearized signaling (OPALS) which provides a practical approach to physical-layer encryption through spatial masking. Our approach modifies just the transmitter to employ the outphasing amplifier design to generate a unique masking signal to each element of an antenna array. This approach improves the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitter, provides a high degree of confidentiality, and requires no coordination with or modification to the intended receiver.
Multi-kernel polar codes: Proof of polarization and error exponents (2017)

In this paper, we investigate a novel family of polar codes based on multi-kernel constructions, proving that this construction actually polarizes. To this end, we derive a new and more general proof of polarization, which gives sufficient conditions for kernels to polarize. Finally, we derive the convergence rate of the multi-kernel construction and relate it to the convergence rate of each of the constituent kernels.
MVDR based feature extraction for robust speech recognition (2002)

Describes a robust feature extraction method for continuous speech recognition. Central to the method is the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) method of spectrum estimation and a feature trajectory smoothing technique for reducing the variance in the feature vectors. The above method, when evaluated on continuous speech recognition tasks in a stationary and moving car, gave an average relative improvement in WER of greater than 30%.
Detection of unamplified HCV RNA in serum using a novel two metallic nanoparticle platform (2013)

The developed colorimetric dual nanoparticles HCV RNA assay is simple and inexpensive and can be used for rapid detection of unamplified HCV RNA in serum. Similar sensing platforms can be developed to detect other nucleic acid targets.
Investigation of a New Lead Free Solder Alloy Using Thin Strip Specimens (1999)

The thermomechanical behaviors of a new lead free solder and eutectic 63Sn37Pb are investigated in this paper. A series of tests including tensile, creep, and fatigue, are carried out on a computer controlled 6-axis mini-fatigue tester. The thin strip specimen is used in this research, which is specially designed and verified to be suitable for the testing of solder alloys and comparable to the data from the literature. Based on the experimental study, the new lead free solder alloy shows very attractive characteristics and may have potential applications in electronics packaging products.
Enhanced Link Adaptation Methods for Wireless Multi-Carrier Systems (2007)

This work describes a family of low feedback, high performance link adaptation algorithms for multi-carrier systems. The methods include the use of the exponential effective SNR mapping (EESM) method as part of the modulation/coding selection process. The drawbacks of current link adaptation algorithms are reviewed, and means of combating the effect of Doppler and fading gain variation are proposed. In addition, a method enabling conventional SNR feedback reports to be converted to the effective SNR domain is described. This allows the effect of variable power allocation on coded BER to be more accurately estimated. Simulation results show that the proposed methods are effective.
A physiological approach for treating endometriosis by recombinant pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) (2013)

The endometriosis therapeutic potency of PEDF that is exerted reciprocally to VEGF and does not compromise reproductive parameters offers a rational for using PEDF as a treatment for endometriosis with a potential of treating other reproductive angiogenic-related pathologies.