gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normal and Leukemic CD34‐negative Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2001)

Considerable progress has been made in recent years in purifying human and murine hematopoietic stem cells. The essential marker identified is the sialomucin CD34, which is expressed on primitive cells and downregulated as they differentiate into more abundant mature cells. CD34 is not unique to stem cells, however, as it is also expressed on clonogenic progenitors and some endothelial cells. Nevertheless, all clinical and experimental protocols are targeted to CD34+ cells enriched by a variety of selection methods. Recent studies in both the murine and human systems have indicated that some stem cells capable of multilineage repopulation do not express detectable levels of cell surface CD34. These studies challenge the dogma that all human repopulating cells are found in the CD34+ subset. However, the precise relationship between CD34- and CD34+ stem cells is still not well understood. In this review, the results on the discovery of the CD34- repopulating cell are summarized and the impacts this discovery may have, both clinically and in our understanding of the organization of the human hematopoietic system, are examined.
Modulation of the phospholipid transfer protein-mediated transfer of phospholipids by diacylglycerols (2001)

Previous studies have shown that diacylglycerols (DAG) are formed during triglyceride hydrolysis in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), a process that is accompanied by an elevated phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP)-mediated transfer of phospholipids (PL) from VLDL to high density lipoprotein. Because PLTP has been also shown to transfer DAG, we hypothesized that DAG might modulate PL transfer through a mechanism of competition with respect to PLTP. To address this question we performed in vitro PL transfer assays using specifically designed PL donor particles. These were single bilayer vesicles (SBV) and large (EM-L) or small (EM-S) lipid emulsions, containing various proportions of DAG. The PLTP-mediated transfers of PL decreased as the volumes of the particle cores increased (SBV > EM-S > EM-L). In all cases, these transfers were inhibited by DAG in a concentration-dependent manner. We determined the core-to-surface distribution of DAG and we measured their relative affinity for PLTP by comparison with that of PL. From these parameters, we calculated the theoretical effects of DAG on PL transfers that would result from a competition mechanism. The experimental data showed that the inhibiting effects of DAG on PL transfers were much more important than those predicted from our calculations. Additional data showed that a large part of DAG effects was in fact due to their ability to increase the viscosity of the particle PL surfaces, as calculated from electron spin resonance experiments. These results show that DAG can modulate the PLTP-dependent PL transfers, both by competition with PL and by increasing the viscosity of the particle surfaces. These findings might be physiopathologically relevant in situations where elevated plasma concentrations of DAG might result from hypertriglyceridemia.-Lalanne, F., C. Motta, Y. Pafumi, D. Lairon, and G. Ponsin. Modulation of the phospholipid transfer protein-mediated transfer of phospholipids by diacylglycerols. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 142;-149.
[A SACRAL BEDSORE PLASTY, USING ROTATIONAL CUTANEO-FASCIAL GLUTEAL FLAPS]. (2015)

The method of rotational cutaneo-fascial plasty, applying preservation of perforating arteries in subfascial dissection with mobilization and subsequent rotation of the flaps was improved, guaranteeing preservation of blood flow from multiple perforating arteries in them. The method was successfully applied in 3 patients with a Grade IV sacral bedsores.
Adhesion and stiction: Mechanisms, measurement techniques, and methods for reduction (2003)

Solid–solid adhesion occurs at contacting asperities in two contacting solids. A thin liquid film with a small contact angle, present at the interface, can result in the so-called liquid-mediated adhesion. This may result in high adhesion during normal pull and high static friction during sliding, both commonly referred to as “stiction.” The problem of high stiction is especially important in an interface involving two very smooth surfaces under lightly loaded conditions. This article provides a critical and comprehensive review of mechanisms of adhesion and stiction, various measurement techniques, and methods used to reduce stiction in magnetic storage devices and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems.
Linkage between STAT Regulation and Epstein-Barr Virus Gene Expression in Tumors (2001)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines is regulated by EBNA2. However, the factors regulating viral expression in EBV-associated tumors that do not express EBNA2 are poorly understood. In EBV-associated tumors, EBNA1 and frequently LMP1 are synthesized. We found that an alternative latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) promoter, L1-TR, located within the terminal repeats is active in both nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin's disease tissues. Examination of the L1-TR and the standard ED-L1 LMP1 promoters in electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that both promoters contain functional STAT binding sites. Further, both LMP1 promoters responded in reporter assays to activation of JAK-STAT signaling. Cotransfection of JAK1 or v-Src or treatment of cells with the cytokine interleukin-6 upregulated expression from ED-L1 and L1-TR reporter plasmids. Cotransfection of a dominant negative STAT3 beta revealed that STAT3 is likely to be the biologically relevant STAT for EBNA1 Qp and LMP1 L1-TR promoter regulation. In contrast, LMP1 expression from ED-L1 was not abrogated by STAT3 beta, indicating that the two LMP1 promoters are regulated by different STAT family members. Taken together with the previous demonstration of JAK-STAT activation of Qp driven EBNA1 expression, this places two of the EBV genes most commonly expressed in tumors under the control of the same signal transduction pathway. Immunohistochemical analyses of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumors revealed that STAT3, STAT5, and STAT1 are constitutively activated in these tumors while STAT3 is constitutively activated in the malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease. We hypothesize that chronic or aberrant STAT activation may be both a necessary and predisposing event for EBV-driven tumorigenesis in immunocompetent individuals.
An object-oriented kernel for an integrated design and process planning system (1990)

An object-oriented kernel that integrates design and process planning in the domain of mechanical parts is presented. The kernel has identified and separated the integral elements of its domain from the elements that are associated with a particular design/manufacturing environment. Consequently, it can be customized to a wide range of environments and be used as a rapid prototyping tool. A prototype has been developed and implemented in Smalltalk-80.
A highway traffic simulator with Dedicated Short Range Communications based cooperative collision prediction and warning mechanism (2008)

Highway safety is always a critical issue. A variety of sensors are employed in a vehicle for reducing traffic accidents, but it is useful only within the sensor range of this single vehicle. The earlier the driver notices the dangerous situation, the longer the response time is available to the driver. Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) is a good medium for inter-vehicle communications to periodically exchange static and dynamic parameters, and for each vehicle to maintain a map of its surrounding vehicles. The cooperative collision prediction and warning mechanism (CCPWM) will inform the driver of any potential risk to prevent accidents. A Highway Traffic Simulator (HiTSim) with DSRC-based CCPWM equipped on each vehicle was developed for simulating highway traffic and evaluating the probability of accidents. The results demonstrate that the vehicle with DSRC-based CCPWM will increase the time available to the driver to respond and therefore the vehicular safety.
Cutting Edge: Rapid Boosting of Cross-Reactive Memory CD8 T Cells Broadens the Protective Capacity of the Flumist Vaccine (2013)

Memory CD8 T cells recognizing conserved proteins from influenza A virus (IAV), such as nucleoprotein, have the potential to provide protection in individuals who lack the proper neutralizing Abs. In this study, we show that the most potent CD8 T cell-inducing influenza vaccine on the market (Flumist) does not induce sufficient numbers of cross-reactive CD8 T cells to provide substantial protection against lethal nonhomologous IAV challenge. However, Flumist-primed CD8 T cells rapidly acquire memory characteristics and can respond to short-interval boosting to greatly enlarge the IAV-specific memory pool, which is sufficient to protect mice from nonhomologous IAV challenge. Thus, a current vaccine strategy, Flumist, may serve as a priming platform for the rapid induction of large numbers of memory CD8 T cells with the capacity for broad protection against influenza.
Frequency Conversion Materials From A Device Perspective (1987)

The optimization of nonlinear optical devices such as frequency doublers is discussed. A nonlinear material will convert efficiently if the laser brightness (P/Q2, where P is the peak power, and Q is the number of times diffraction-limited the pulse is) exceeds a material parameter called the threshold power. The conversion efficiency is shown to be independent of the beam aperture. Thus surmounting optical damage requires only that the beam aperture be large enough. Data on the threshold powers of common nonlinear materials is presented.
Serological Markers (Anti- <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Mannan Antibodies and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnostic Utility and Phenotypic Correlation (2005)

We have evaluated the utility of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies for distinguishing Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis and other diarrheal illnesses by evaluating sera from 396 patients. Sensitivity, specificity, and phenotypic correlations were investigated. The implications of our findings for implementing these tests in routine clinical testing are discussed.
Ein Sicherheitskonzept für verteilte Systeme (1993)

Bei der Übertragung, Speicherung und Abfrage von Daten treten immer häufiger Forderungen nach Datensicherheit in den Vordergrund. Neben Vertraulichkeit und Integrität der Daten muß dabei zumeist auch gewährleistet werden daß Ursprung und Ernpränger der. Daten authentisch sind. Berücksichtigt man außerdem die Forderung nach einem Sendenachweis (Einschreiben), einem Empfangsnachweis (Emschreiben mit Rückschein) und einer Möglichkeit zur Delegation von Rechten, so kann dies von elementaren Sicherheitsmechanismen bereits rucht mehr erfüllt werden. Am Modell einer „vertraulichen und authentischen Dokumentenverwaltung“ in einem Verbundprojekt wird ein Konzept zur Realisierung der angeführten Forderungen vorgestellt.
Negative-strand RNA transcripts are produced in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells and patients by a novel promoter downregulated by Tat (1994)

Current understanding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription is based on unidirectional expression of transcripts with positive-strand polarity from the 5' long terminal repeat. We now report HIV-1 transcripts with negative-strand polarity obtained from acutely and chronically infected cell lines by use of a template orientation-specific reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. These findings were confirmed in natural infection by analysis of RNA derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 15 HIV-1-infected patients. A cDNA derived from a 2.3-kb polyadenylated HIV-1 RNA with negative-strand polarity which encodes a highly conserved 189-amino-acid open reading frame antiparallel to the envelope gene was isolated from acutely infected A3.01 cells. Through use of reporter gene constructions, we further found that a novel negative-strand promoter functions within the negative response element of the 3' long terminal repeat, which is downregulated by coexpression of Tat. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that NF-kappa B I and USF sites are crucial for negative-strand promoter activity. These data extend the coding capacity of HIV-1 and suggest a role for antisense regulation of the viral life cycle.
Characterization of a Hamamatsu R7600 multi-anode photomultiplier tube with single photon signals (2010)

We present measurements aimed to characterize the Hamamatsu R7600 multi anode Photon Multiplier Tube (PMT), in view of its application for a new generation of Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors at LHCb. Single photon signals were used as tools for characterization. A commercial blue LED slightly forward biased was the main source of photon light. Spectra obtained with this source coincided with those obtained with the Cherenkov light from a PbF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> crystal and a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na gamma source. Dark current and cross-talk performances were measured. PMT response was studied for single photon signals as a function of the dynodes bias level ratio and magnetic field. Results obtained so far showed that the R7600 PMTs are adequate for the LHCb RICH detectors at high luminosity.
Learning what and where to attend (2018)

Most recent gains in visual recognition have originated from the inclusion of attention mechanisms in deep convolutional networks (DCNs). Because these networks are optimized for object recognition, they learn where to attend using only a weak form of supervision derived from image class labels. Here, we demonstrate the benefit of using stronger supervisory signals by teaching DCNs to attend to image regions that humans deem important for object recognition. We first describe a large-scale online experiment (ClickMe) used to supplement ImageNet with nearly half a million human-derived "top-down" attention maps. Using human psychophysics, we confirm that the identified top-down features from ClickMe are more diagnostic than "bottom-up" saliency features for rapid image categorization. As a proof of concept, we extend a state-of-the-art attention network and demonstrate that adding ClickMe supervision significantly improves its accuracy and yields visual features that are more interpretable and more similar to those used by human observers.
Relation between global velocity and local torque optimization of redundant manipulators (1994)

Abstract In this article, the relation between the global optimization of joint velocity and local optimization of joint torque is investigated. The local minimization of the weighted joint torques can be matched to the global optimization of the corresponding weighted joint velocities when the weighted matrices satisfy certain sufficient conditions. A straightforward matching is obtained using the local optimization of the inertia inverse weighted dynamic torque and the global minimization of the kinetic energy. Another easy solution can be found, as will be shown later, if the inertia matrix is a constant and gravity is neglected. Based on that, it can be seen why a Cartesian robot, which has a constant inertia matrix, is always stable. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The distinct roles of the nucleus and nucleus-cytoskeleton connections in three-dimensional cell migration (2012)

Cells often migrate in vivo in an extracellular matrix that is intrinsically three-dimensional (3D) and the role of actin filament architecture in 3D cell migration is less well understood. Here we show that, while recently identified linkers of nucleoskeleton to cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes play a minimal role in conventional 2D migration, they play a critical role in regulating the organization of a subset of actin filament bundles - the perinuclear actin cap - connected to the nucleus through Nesprin2giant and Nesprin3 in cells in 3D collagen I matrix. Actin cap fibers prolong the nucleus and mediate the formation of pseudopodial protrusions, which drive matrix traction and 3D cell migration. Disruption of LINC complexes disorganizes the actin cap, which impairs 3D cell migration. A simple mechanical model explains why LINC complexes and the perinuclear actin cap are essential in 3D migration by providing mechanical support to the formation of pseudopodial protrusions.
A Total Lightning Trending Algorithm to Identify Severe Thunderstorms (2009)

Abstract An algorithm that provides an early indication of impending severe weather from observed trends in thunderstorm total lightning flash rates has been developed. The algorithm framework has been tested on 20 thunderstorms, including 1 nonsevere storm, which occurred over the course of six separate days during the spring months of 2002 and 2003. The identified surges in lightning rate (or jumps) are compared against 110 documented severe weather events produced by these thunderstorms as they moved across portions of northern Alabama and southern Tennessee. Lightning jumps precede 90% of these severe weather events, with as much as a 27-min advance notification of impending severe weather on the ground. However, 37% of lightning jumps are not followed by severe weather reports. Various configurations of the algorithm are tested, and the highest critical success index attained is 0.49. Results suggest that this lightning jump algorithm may be a useful operational diagnostic tool for severe thunderstorm potential.
1583 Evaluation of Brassica carinata meal as a protein supplement for growing beef heifers (2016)

Brassica carinata is a new oilseed crop in Florida with the potential of producing high-quality biodiesel for use as jet biofuel. A high-protein meal is obtained as a byproduct of oil extraction; however, this meal has not been tested as a potential supplement for growing beef cattle. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of supplementation with B. carinata meal (BCM) on animal performance, attainment of puberty, and blood profile in growing beef heifers consuming grass hay. Thirty-two Angus crossbred heifers (271 ± 42 kg initial BW) were stratified by initial BW and randomly allocated to a total of 10 pens in 2 BW blocks. Within block, pens were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 0 (CTL) or 0.3% of BW/d (as fed) of BCM pellets. All heifers had ad libitum access to bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) hay and water, and BCM pellets were supplemented daily in the pen. Body weight and blood samples were collected every 7 d for a duration of 70 d, before the daily supplementation. Plasma was collected for analysis of progesterone and blood urea nitrogen concentrations and glucose. Data were analyzed as a generalized randomized block design including block in the model as a random variable. Progesterone data were analyzed using the LIFETEST procedure of SAS to determine the effect of treatment on time to attainment of puberty. There was a difference (P = 0.02) in ADG between CTL (0.28 kg/d) and BCM (0.49 kg/d). Time to attainment of puberty did not differ between treatments (P = 0.36). Supplementing B. carinata meal at 0.3% of BW/d in growing heifers consuming bahiagrass hay is a viable option for increasing ADG without negatively affecting their interval to attainment of puberty.
Neural Style Transfer: A Review (2019)

The seminal work of Gatys et al. demonstrated the power of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in creating artistic imagery by separating and recombining image content and style. This process of using CNNs to render a content image in different styles is referred to as Neural Style Transfer (NST). Since then, NST has become a trending topic both in academic literature and industrial applications. It is receiving increasing attention and a variety of approaches are proposed to either improve or extend the original NST algorithm. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress towards NST. We first propose a taxonomy of current algorithms in the field of NST. Then, we present several evaluation methods and compare different NST algorithms both qualitatively and quantitatively. The review concludes with a discussion of various applications of NST and open problems for future research. A list of papers discussed in this review, corresponding codes, pre-trained models and more comparison results are publicly available at: https://osf.io/f8tu4/.
Inflammasome activation by oxidative stress in ARPE‐19 cells (2012)

Abstract Purpose It is known that oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with the age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are responsible for the immune defense of retina, and they are constantly exposed to oxidative stress, a condition where the amount of intracellular oxidizing agents becomes increased with a concurrent decline in the cell´s defensive systems. Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes which become activated by danger signals encountered by the cell. They play a major role in innate immunity responses but their detailed contribution has still largely remained to be elucidated. In the present study, we have examined the association of oxidative stress with the inflammasome activation in human ARPE‐19 cells. Methods The cells were pre‐treated or not treated with the bacterial endotoxin LPS, and thereafter exposed to the lipid peroxidation end product 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE). Results Our data show that HNE significantly increased the production of proinfammatory cytokines IL‐1beta and IL‐18 but LPS by itself did not. Pretreatment of the cells with LPS, however, further enhanced the HNE‐stimulated cytokine production. PCR analysis revealed that HNE induced a significant increase in the amount of the receptor component NLRP3 mRNA compared to control cells. The amount of NLRP1 mRNA remained unchanged. Conclusion Our results suggest that LPS provided the first signal needed for the inflammasome activation. Thereafter, HNE triggered the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex.
Processing aids for mixing and extrusion of silica–natural rubber compounds (1992)

Abstract This paper explores the use of silica as a major component, 67% and 100%, of total filler content in natural rubber, carbon black being the minor component. In order to overcome the mixing difficulty, a coupling agent was used. A previous study dealt with the causes of difficulty in extruding high‐silica and all‐silica compounds. A premature reaction of the coupling agent with natural rubber resulted in wavy extrudates. In the case of a 100% silica compound, the filler dispersion and distribution were not satisfactory in spite of the presence of the coupling agent. The compound was too stiff to be extrudable. In the present work, metal carbonates were added to the formulation. They included calcium, zinc, magnesium, and lead carbonates. These additives significantly facilitated the incorporation, distribution, and dispersion of the filler. The resulting compounds were soft enough to be extruded. The extrudate surfaces were smooth to slightly wavy. Decreasing the amount of the coupling agent to 75% of the original recipe still allowed the compounds to be extruded, although the waviness of the extrudates increased somewhat.
Smith-Purcell radiation at optical wavelength using field-emitter array (2004)

In this paper explained about the Smith-Purcell radiation and it was examined by field emitter array (FEA) at optical wavelength of 350-750 nm range.
Shock tube for investigating high-temperature MHD generators (1976)

A shock tube is described in which the total energy stored in the driving gas is up to 10 MJ at a maximum pressure of up to 500 atm. The setup can be used to study MHD flows with a gas temperature up to 1.5x10/sup 4/ degreeK, thermal power up to 10/sup 8/--10/sup 9/ W, and efflux time 10/sup -3/-10/sup -2/ sec in a magnetic field up to 4 T. (AIP)