gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short Peptide Nucleic Acids Bind Strongly to Homopurine Tract of Double Helical RNA at pH 5.5 (2010)

The important role that noncoding RNA plays in cell biology makes it an attractive target for molecular recognition. However, the discovery of small molecules that bind double helical RNA selectively and may serve as biochemical probes and potential drug leads has been relatively slow. Herein, we show that peptide nucleic acids, as short as six nucleobases, bind very strongly (K(a) > 10(7)) and sequence selectively to a homopurine tract of double helical RNA at pH 5.5. The isothermal titration calorimetry and circular dichroism experiments suggest that the binding mode may be a sequence selective triple helix formation. Our results have implications for development of biochemical probes to study function of noncoding RNAs and design of compounds with potential antibacterial and antiviral activity.
Field-Induced Phase Transition in an Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal (1992)

Field-induced antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition in an antiferroelectric liquid crystal 4-(1-trifluoromethylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl-4'-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate (TFMHPOBC) was studied by means of microscopic observation during the switching process and the measurement of the T-E hysteresis loops. It was clarified that the threshold voltage of the switching from the antiferroelectric state to the ferroelectric state and the transmittance at the threshold voltage depend on temperature, frequency and optical purity. The optical purity is an important factor for improving the contrast of display devices.
“Ideal” optical delay lines based on tailored-coupling and reflecting, coupled-resonator optical waveguides (2012)

We present a design of "ideal" optical delay lines (i.e., constant amplitude and constant group delay over the desired bandwidth). They are based on reflection from coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs). The inter-resonator coupling coefficients are tailored and decrease monotonically with the distance from the input to realize all-pass Bessel filters. The tailored coupling coefficients result in a frequency-dependent propagating distance which compensates for the group velocity dispersion of CROWs. We present a simple formalism for deriving the time-domain coupling coefficients and convert these coefficients to field coupling coefficients of ring resonators. The reflecting CROWs possess a delay-bandwidth product of 0.5 per resonator, larger than that of any kind of transmitting CROW. In the presence of uniform gain, the gain enhanced by slow light propagation and the constant group delay result in efficient and dispersion-free amplifiers.
Si-based tunnel field-effect transistors for low-power nano-electronics (2011)

For the Si-based TFET to beat the MOSFET performance and allow ultra-low voltage operation with re-use of a lot of the existing processing expertise, critical device optimization is needed whereby a combination of several performance boosters must be implemented. Heterostructures and an appropriate stress profile are necessary requirements. The largest design impact is expected from scaling the effective oxide thickness and the body thickness. Field-induced quantum confinement affects most theoretical predictions today and needs to be addressed in the design optimization. Overall, there are still significant challenges both in modeling, processing and characterization of the device. Progress in all three areas is required to uncover the full potential of the TFET.
Actions of the pyrethroid insecticides cismethrin and cypermethrin on house fly Vssc1 sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1998)

Voltage-sensitive sodium channels encoded by the Vssc1 gene of the house fly (Musca domestica) were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes in combination with the tipE gene product of Drosophila melanogaster and were characterized by two-electrode voltage clamp. Vssc1/tipE sodium channels expressed in oocytes were highly sensitive to tetrodotoxin; half-maximal inhibition of sodium currents by tetrodotoxin was obtained at a concentration of 2.4 nM. Cismethrin, a pyrethroid that produces Type I effects on intact nerve, slowed the inactivation of sodium currents carried by Vssc1/tipE channels during a depolarizing pulse and induced a tail current after repolarization that decayed with a first-order time constant of approximately 650 ms. The voltage dependence of activation and steady-state inactivation of cismethrin-modified channels were shifted to more negative potentials. Cypermethrin, a pyrethroid with Type II effects on intact nerve, also prolonged the inactivation of Vssc1/tipE sodium channels and induced a tail current. However, the cypermethrin-induced tail current was extremely persistent, decaying with a first-order time constant of approximately 42 s. Unlike cismethrin, the effect of cypermethrin was use dependent, requiring repeated depolarizing pulses for the full development of modified sodium currents. The divergent effects of cismethrin and cypermethrin on Vssc1/tipE sodium channels expressed in oocytes are consistent with the actions of these and related compounds on sodium channels in invertebrate and vertebrate nerve preparations and provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the production of Type I and II effects on neuronal excitability. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 38:126–136, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantum logic operations based on photon-exchange interactions (1999)

Nonlinear interactions between two photons are required for the construction of optical quantum logic gates, but those interactions are normally very weak due to the small magnitude of the electric field associated with a single photon. We note that exchange interactions can have a large effect even when there is no physical interaction between two particles, and we exploit this property for the construction of optical quantum logic gates. We show that the probability of there being two virtually-excited atoms in a medium can be a factor of 2 larger when two nonresonant photons propagate through the same medium as compared to the case in which they propagate through two separate media, in analogy with photon bunching. As a result, the application of one or more laser pulses will produce a nonlinear phase shift that can be used to construct an XOR quantum logic gate. This provides an example of a quantum control process in which one photon can control the state of another photon even when there is no sequence of physical interactions linking the two photons. From a classical point of view, it is not possible to identify a path for the flow of information or a specific cause for the outcome of the control process.
Direct Aryloxylation/Alkyloxylation of Dialkyl Phosphonates for the Synthesis of Mixed Phosphonates (2018)

Abstract A strategy for the direct functionalization strategy of inertial dialkyl phosphonates with hydroxy compounds to afford diverse mixed phosphonates with good yields and functional‐group tolerance has been developed. Mechanistic investigations involving both NMR studies and DFT studies suggest that an unprecedented highly reactive P V species (phosphoryl pyridin‐1‐ium salt), a key intermediate for this new synthetic transformation, is generated in situ from dialkyl phosphonate in the presence of Tf 2 O/pyridine.
Metastatic cutaneous melanoma promoted by ultraviolet radiation in mice with transgene-initiated low melanoma susceptibility. (1998)

An inbred-strain (C57BL/6) transgenic (Tyr-SV40E) mouse model of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced metastatic cutaneous melanoma was produced without the use of chemical carcinogens and without resulting in other skin malignancies. Expression of this transgene occurs specifically in melanocytic-lineage cells. In untreated hemizygous mice of transgenic line 12 there are no skin melanomas, and the oncogenic sequence, which is expressed at a very low level, functions solely as a weak initiating stimulus. UVR [including 65% ultraviolet B (280-320 nm wavelength)] supplied the necessary promoting stimulus leading to melanomas. Of various trial protocols, eight were successful and involved exposure of 112 mice for a limited time on each of 3-10 days starting at 2-3 days of age and totalling 1.1-3.7 J/cm2 UVR. Fourteen of these animals developed a total of 15 invasive skin melanomas on the head and body, arising between 37-115 weeks of age and, therefore, often after a relatively long latency. The tumors were melanotic and in five of the mice they yielded macrometastases in regional and distant sites. The single most favorable protocol (1.9 J/cm2 total UVR, at 0.38 J/cm2/day for 5 days starting at 3 days of age) led to the highest incidence of melanoma (5 of 19 mice) and one of the lowest mortality rates (2 of 19). No melanomas occurred in UVR-treated nontransgenic C57BL/6 controls. Benign skin keratoacanthomas arose and often regressed in treated transgenic as well as nontransgenic mice. This new transgenic mouse model introduces many novel possibilities for experimental analysis of the melanoma-promoting mechanisms of UVR and also of the ability of specific genetic changes to impede or facilitate the UVR effect.
Advanced development of fine coal desulfurization and recovery technology. Quarterly technical progress report, April 1, 1977--June 30, 1977 (1977)

The improvement and technical development of several promising methods for desulfurizing and recovering fine coal were continued. These methods include froth flotation, selective oil agglomeration, pelletization, and a chemical desulfurization process which involves leaching fine coal with a hot dilute solution of sodium carbonate containing dissolved oxygen or air under pressure. Numerous laboratory experiments and measurements were carried out to advance the state of this technology. It was shown that the chemical leaching process removed most of the inorganic sulfur from several high sulfur coals as well as a significant amount of organic sulfur from some of the coals. Higher temperatures and/or oxygen partial pressures resulted in more organic sulfur being removed in some instances. Also it was shown that the rate of conversion of pyrite to soluble sulfates depends on particle size and alkali concentration as well as oxygen partial pressure and flow rate. In addition the effectiveness of a chemical pretreatment step for improving the separation of coal and pyrite by oil agglomeration was demonstrated. Among various fuel oils tested for agglomerating coal, No. 1 or 2 provided greater sulfur reduction than No. 5 or 6. Also the lighter fuel oils seemed better suited to agglomerating finely ground coal. However, No. 6 fuel oil was adapted to the agglomeration of ball milled coal by diluting it with a lighter oil. Construction was started on a bench-scale flow system for demonstrating the beneficiation and recovery of fine-size coal by various methods. Furthermore the suitability of the ASTM method for determining pyritic sulfur in coal was confirmed for certain high volatile C bituminous coals. Confirmation was obtained by scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive x-ray analyses.
Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (1987)

An airborne tracking sunphotometer, mounted on the outside top surface of an aircraft has been developed to provide unrestricted viewing of the Sun. This instrument will substantially increase the data that scientists can gather for atmospheric studies. The instrument has six wavelength channels and an automatic data gathering system. The instrument's optical features, tracking capability, mechanical features, and data gathering system are described.
Joint bilateral upsampling (2007)

Image analysis and enhancement tasks such as tone mapping, colorization, stereo depth, and photomontage, often require computing a solution (e.g., for exposure, chromaticity, disparity, labels) over the pixel grid. Computational and memory costs often require that a smaller solution be run over a downsampled image. Although general purpose upsampling methods can be used to interpolate the low resolution solution to the full resolution, these methods generally assume a smoothness prior for the interpolation.
High-throughput asynchronous pipelines for fine-grain dynamic datapaths (2002)

This paper introduces several new asynchronous pipeline designs which offer high throughput as well as low latency. The designs target dynamic datapaths, both dual-rail as well as single-rail. The new pipelines are latch-free and therefore are particularly well-suited for fine-grain pipelining, i.e., where each pipeline stage is only a single gate deep. The pipelines employ new control structures and protocols aimed at reducing the handshaking delay, the principal impediment to achieving high throughput in asynchronous pipelines. As a test vehicle, a 4-bit FIFO was designed using 0.6 micron technology. The results of careful HSPICE simulations of the FIFO designs are very encouraging. The dual-rail designs deliver a throughput of up to 860 million data items per second. This performance represents an improvement by a factor of 2 over a widely-used comparable approach by T.E. Williams (1991). The new single-rail designs deliver a throughput of up to 1208 million data items per second.
Resolution-enhanced Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy (1975)

First Page
Corin, a Transmembrane Cardiac Serine Protease, as a Pro-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Convertase (2000)

P92 Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone that reduces high blood pressure by promoting salt excretion, decreasing blood volume and relaxing vessel tension. It is implicated in major cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and congestive heart failure. In cardiomyocytes, ANP is synthesized as a precursor, pro-ANP, that is converted to biologically active ANP by an unknown membrane-associated serine protease. Recently, we cloned a novel cardiac serine protease, corin, that has the predicted structure of a type II transmembrane protein. Northern and in situ hybridization detected corin mRNA in the heart where its expression was most abundant in cardiomyocytes of the atrium. Corin mRNA was also detected in developing kidney and bones. The overall expression pattern of corin mRNA was very similar to that of ANP, leading to our hypothesis that corin is the pro-ANP convertase. To test this hypothesis, we constructed expression vectors for both human corin and pro-ANP. Recombinant corin and pro-ANP were expressed in human 293 cells. Effects of corin on pro-ANP processing was examined by western analysis. The results showed that human corin, but not control proteases prothrombin and hepsin, converted pro-ANP to ANP in the cell-based experiments. To determine sequence specificity of corin-mediated cleavage in pro-ANP, we constructed a mutant pro-ANP R98G in which the predicted cleave site residue Arg98 was replaced with a Gly. In co-transfection experiments, corin processed wild-type pro-ANP but not mutant pro-ANP R98G, indicating that corin-mediated cleavage in pro-ANP is highly sequence specific. We also examined effects of protease inhibitors on processing of pro-ANP by corin. Our results showed that the activity of corin was inhibited by aprotinin, benzamidine and leupeptin but not soybean trypsin inhibitor. Similar effects of these proteases on pro-ANP processing were reported previously. Thus, corin matches all known characteristics of the long-sought pro-ANP convertase. Identification of corin as the pro-ANP convertase suggests a new regulatory mechanism for the ANP-mediated pathway that is important for controlling blood pressure.
Etching with atomic precision by using low electron temperature plasma (2017)

There has been a steady increase in sub-nm precision requirement for many critical plasma etching processes in the semiconductor industry. In addition to high selectivity and low controllable etch rate, an important requirement of atomic precision etch processes is no (or minimal) damage to the remaining material surface. It has traditionally not been possible to avoid damage in conventional radio-frequency (RF) plasma processing systems, even during layer-by-layer or 'atomic layer' etch. To meet these increasingly stringent requirements, it is necessary to have an accurate control over ion energy and ion/radical composition during plasma processing. In this work, a new plasma etch system designed to facilitate atomic precision plasma processing is presented. An electron sheet beam parallel to the substrate surface is used to produce a plasma in this system. This plasma has a significantly lower electron temperature Te ~ 0.3 eV and ion energy Ei < 3 eV (without applied bias) compared to inductively and capacitively coupled RF plasmas. Electron beam plasmas also have a higher ion–to–radical ratio compared to RF plasmas, so this plasma etch system employs an independent radical source for accurate control over relative ion and radical concentrations. A low frequency RF bias capability that allows control of ion energy in the 2–50 eV range is another important component of this plasma etch system. The results of etching of a variety of materials and structures in this low-electron temperature plasma system are presented in this study: (1) layer-by-layer etching of p-Si at Ei ~ 25–50 eV using electrical and gas cycling is demonstrated; (2) continuous etching of epi-grown µ-Si in Cl2-based plasmas is performed, showing that surface damage can be minimized by keeping Ei < 10 eV. Also presented are the results of molecular dynamics modeling of atomic precision etching at low Ei.
ActiveGuidelines: integrating Web-based guidelines with computer-based patient records. (2000)

Use of the World Wide Web provides an efficient means to disseminate guidelines, but integrating them into the workflow at the point of care remains elusive. We developed a method, ActiveGuidelines (AGL), of integrating web-based guidelines with computer-based patient record (CPR) systems. An ActiveGuideline is an HTML document containing special tags that are interpreted by a CPR as actions (e.g., medication order, test order, referral, patient instructions). In our usage scenario, the CPR automatically displays ActiveGuidelines relevant to the current patient context. After reviewing the guideline, the user selects recommended orders directly from the ActiveGuideline. The selected orders are automatically transmitted to the CPR and executed as regular orders. An ActiveGuideline editor facilitates easy conversion of existing HTML-formatted guidelines into ActiveGuidelines. We believe that integrating patient-specific ActiveGuidelines within a CPR system will improve utilization of clinical guidelines in routine patient care.
Synchronization of Lorenz-based chaotic circuits with applications to communications (1993)

A circuit implementation of the chaotic Lorenz system is described. The chaotic behavior of the circuit closely matches the results predicted by numerical experiments. Using the concept of synchronized chaotic systems (SCS's), two possible approaches to secure communications are demonstrated with the Lorenz circuit implemented in both the transmitter and receiver. In the first approach, a chaotic masking signal is added at the transmitter to the message, and at the receiver, the masking is regenerated and subtracted from the received signal. The second approach utilizes modulation of the coefficients of the chaotic system in the transmitter and corresponding detection of synchronization error in the receiver to transmit binary-valued bit streams. The use of SCS's for communications relies on the robustness of the synchronization to perturbations in the drive signal. As a step toward further understanding the inherent robustness, we establish an analogy between synchronization in chaotic systems, nonlinear observers for deterministic systems, and state estimation in probabilistic systems. This analogy exists because SCS's can be viewed as performing the role of a nonlinear state space observer. To calibrate the robustness of the Lorenz SCS as a nonlinear state estimator, we compare the performance of the Lorenz SCS to an extended Kalman filter for providing state estimates when the measurement consists of a single noisy transmitter component.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A feasible linker transformation strategy towards the formation of Cu<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticles for immobilization in hierarchical CuBTC for adsorption desulfurization (2020)

A powerful strategy, called linker transformation, can create mesopores and Cu<sub>2</sub>O nanoparticles in CuBTC simultaneously.
Free .alpha.-Oxiranyl Amino Acids (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree .alpha.-Oxiranyl Amino AcidsDavid B. Berkowitz and Michelle L. PedersenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 17, 5368–5369Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00122a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (292 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Production and preliminary testing of multianalyte imaging sensor arrays (1994)

This report covers the production and preliminary testing of fiber optic sensors that contain a discrete array of analyte specific sensors on their distal ends. The development of the chemistries associated with this technology is covered elsewhere.
III-V MOSFET Fabrication and Device (Fabrication process of e.g. group III-V MOSFET for nano complementary metal oxide semiconductor application, involves heat treating metal contact structure to produce alloy region within semiconductor substrate) (2009)

A semiconductor fabrication process includes forming a gate dielectric layer (120) overlying a substrate (101) that includes a III-V semiconductor compound. The gate dielectric layer is patterned to produce a gate dielectric structure (121) that has a substantially vertical sidewall (127), e.g., a slope of approximately 45.degree. to 90.degree.. A metal contact structure (130) is formed overlying the wafer substrate. The contact structure is laterally displaced from the gate dielectric structure sufficiently to define a gap (133) between the two. The wafer (100) is heat treated, which causes migration of at least one of the metal elements to form an alloy region (137) in the underlying wafer substrate. The alloy region underlies the contact structure and extends across all or a portion of the wafer substrate underlying the gap. An insulative or dielectric capping layer (140,150) is then formed overlying the wafer and covering the portion of the substrate exposed by the gap.