gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of nonlinear optical polymer waveguides with InGaAs <i>p</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> photodiodes (1996)

Performance requirements for systems employing optical guided wave components may be satisfied more easily through the hybrid integration of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers and semiconductors. Reported in this letter, is the integration of NLO polymer waveguides with InGaAs p-i-n photodetectors at 1.3 μm, with coupling efficiencies greater than 99% and system responsivities of 0.84 A/W. An analysis of the structure using a two-dimensional beam propagation model was performed. Planarization was maintained and the design allows for further integration of optoelectronic components.
Extraction of P- and S-waves from the vertical component of the particle velocity at the sea floor (1995)

Abstract At the boundary between two solid media in welded contact, all three components of particle velocity and vertical traction are continuous through the boundary. Across the boundary between a fluid and a solid, however, only the vertical component of particle velocity is continuous while the horizontal components can be discontinuous. Furthermore, the pressure in the fluid is the negative of the vertical component of traction in the solid, while the horizontal components of traction vanish at the interface.Taking advantage of this latter fact, we show that total P- and S-waves can be computed from the vertical component of the particle velocity recorded by single component geophones planted on the sea floor. In the case when the sea floor is transversely isotropic with a vertical axis of symmetry, the computation requires the five independent elastic stiffness components and the density. However, when the sea floor material is fully isotropic, the only material parameter needed is the local shear wave velocity.The analysis of the extraction problem is done in the slowness domain. We show, however, that the S-wave section can be obtained by a filtering operation in the space-frequency domain. The P-wave section is then the difference between the vertical component of the particle velocity and the S-wave component.A synthetic data example demonstrates the performance of the algorithm.
Factors affecting center of pressure in older adults: the Framingham Foot Study (2013)

Foot function during gait was affected by sex, as well as by age and shoe-wear in women, but not by BMI or physical activity. Future work will evaluate possible relations between CPEI and outcomes such as falls, sarcopenia, and lower extremity function.
Runlength compression techniques for FPGA configurations (2003)

The time it takes to reconfigure FPGAs can be a significant overhead for reconfigurable computing. In this paper we develop new compression algorithms for FPGA configurations that can significantly reduce this overhead. By using runlength and other compression techniques, files can be compressed by a factor of 3.6 times. Bus transfer and decompression hardware are also discussed. This results in a single compression methodology which achieves higher compression ratios than existing algorithms in an off-line version, as well as a somewhat lower quality compression approach which is suitable for on-line use in dynamic circuit generation and other mapping-time critical situations.
Using linguistic phenomena to motivate a set of coherence relations (1994)

Abstract The notion that a text is coherent in virtue of the “relations” that hold between the elements of that text has become fairly common currency, both in the study of discourse coherence and in the field of text generation. The set of relations proposed in Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann & Thompson, 1987) has had particular influence in both of these fields. But the widespread adoption of “relational” terminology belies a certain amount of confusion about the relational constructs themselves: No two theorists use exactly the same set of relations, and often there seems no motivation for introducing a new relation beyond considerations of descriptive adequacy or engineering expedience. To alleviate this confusion, it is useful to think of relations not just as constructs with descriptive or operational utility, but as constructs with psychological reality, modelling real cognitive processes in readers and writers. This conception of coherence relations suggests a methodology for delineating a set of relations to work with. Evidence that a relation is actually used by speakers of a language can be obtained by looking at the language itself—in particular by looking at the range of cue phrases the language provides for signalling relations. It is to be expected that simple methods will have evolved for signalling the relations we find most useful. This article presents a bottom‐up methodology for determining a set of relations on the basis of the cue phrases that can be used to mark them in text. This methodology has the advantage of starting from concrete linguistic data, rather than from controversial assumptions about notions like “intention” and “semantics.”
MicroRNA 217 Modulates Endothelial Cell Senescence via Silent Information Regulator 1 (2009)

Our data pinpoint miR-217 as an endogenous inhibitor of SirT1, which promotes endothelial senescence and is potentially amenable to therapeutic manipulation for prevention of endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disorders.
A New Rapid Threshold Algorithm for Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry (2003)

SITA SWAP was much faster than the older SWAP strategies, and reproducibility did not differ. This implies that SITA SWAP could become a clinically useful method for the detection of early glaucoma. SWAP tests may also be applicable in larger groups of patients because of the increased dynamic range.
Language adaptation of multilingual phone models for vocabulary independent speech recognition tasks (2002)

This paper presents our new results on multilingual phone modeling and adaptation into a new target language which is not included in the trained multilingual models. The experiments were carried out with the SpeechDat(M) and MacroPhone databases including the languages of French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and American English. First, we constructed language-dependent and multilingual phone models. The recognition rate for an isolated word task decreased in average only by 3.2% using 95 multilingual instead of 232 language-dependent models. Second, we investigated adaptation techniques for cross-language transfer and showed that only 100 utterances from a new language were needed for adaptation. Using the MAP algorithm the recognition rate was improved from 79.9% to 84.3%. Finally, we defined a phonetic based dissimilarity measure between 2 languages and compared language-dependent and multilingual models for the purpose of cross-language transfer.
Acetylcholine–dopamine balance hypothesis in the striatum: An update (2010)

The imbalance between cholinergic activity and dopaminergic activity in the striatum causes a variety of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. During sensorimotor learning, the arrival of a conditioned stimulus reporting a reward evokes a pause response in the firing of the tonically active cholinergic interneurons in targeted areas of the striatum, whereas the same stimulus triggers an increase in the firing frequency of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The pause response of the cholinergic interneurons begins with an initial depolarizing phase followed by a pause in spike firing and ensuing rebound excitation. The timing of the pause phase coincides well with the surge in dopaminergic firing, indicating that a dramatic rise in dopamine (DA) release occurs while nicotinic receptors remain unbound by acetylcholine. The pause response begins with dopamine D5 receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in the cholinergic neurons and an increased GABAergic IPSP, which is followed by a long pause in firing through D2 and D5 receptor-dependent modulation of ion channels. Inactivation of muscarinic receptors on the projection neurons eventually yields endocannabinoid-mediated, dopamine-dependent long-term depression in the medium spiny projection neurons. Breakdown of acetylcholine-dopamine balance hampers proper functioning of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop circuits. In Parkinson's disease, dopamine depletion blocks autoinhibition of acetylcholine release through muscarinic autoreceptors, leading to excessive acetylcholine release which eventually prunes spines of the indirect-pathway projection neurons of the striatum and thus interrupts information transfer from motor command centers in the cerebral cortex.
The minority carrier lifetime of <i>n</i>-type 4H- and 6H-SiC epitaxial layers (1996)

The minority carrier lifetime has been measured on n-type 6H- and 4H-SiC epitaxial layers. We observe inherently longer lifetimes in 4H layers compared to 6H-SiC layers. A value as high as 2.1 μs has been measured at room temperature in 4H-SiC, however, large variations may be observed over the surface. The lifetime increases with temperature and at a typical operating temperature of a device the lifetime is close to 5 μs. The lifetime appears to be correlated with the morphology of the epitaxial film showing that the lifetime limiting defect may be related to a crystalline imperfection. A strong correlation can also be seen with the thickness of the epitaxial layers.
Cytolysin-dependent delay of vacuole maturation in macrophages infected with Listeria monocytogenes (2005)

The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) evades the antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages by escaping from vacuoles to the cytosol, through the action of the cytolysin listeriolysin O (LLO). Because of heterogeneities in the timing and efficiency of escape, important questions about the contributions of LLO to Lm vacuole identity and trafficking have been inaccessible. Expression of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-labelled endocytic membrane markers in macrophages along with a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-labelled indicator of Lm entry to the cytosol identified compartments lysed by bacteria. Lm escaped from Rab5a-negative, lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP1)-negative, Rab7-positive, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P]-positive vacuoles. Lm vacuoles did not label with YFP-Rab5a unless the bacteria were first opsonized with IgG. Wild-type Lm delayed vacuole fusion with LAMP1-positive lysosomes, relative to LLO-deficient Lm. Bacteria prevented from expressing LLO until their arrival into LAMP1-positive lysosomes escaped inefficiently. Thus, the LLO-dependent delay of Lm vacuole fusion with lysosomes affords Lm a competitive edge against macrophage defences by providing bacteria more time in organelles they can penetrate.
Adaptive Logging (2016)

By maintaining the data in main memory, in-memory databases dramatically reduce the I/O cost of transaction processing. However, for recovery purposes, in-memory systems still need to flush the log to disk, which incurs a substantial number of I/Os. Recently, command logging has been proposed to replace the traditional data log (e.g., ARIES logging) in in-memory databases. Instead of recording how the tuples are updated, command logging only tracks the transactions that are being executed, thereby effectively reducing the size of the log and improving the performance. However, when a failure occurs, all the transactions in the log after the last checkpoint must be redone sequentially and this significantly increases the cost of recovery. In this paper, we first extend the command logging technique to a distributed system, where all the nodes can perform their recovery in parallel. We show that in a distributed system, the only bottleneck of recovery caused by command logging is the synchronization process that attempts to resolve the data dependency among the transactions. We then propose an adaptive logging approach by combining data logging and command logging. The percentage of data logging versus command logging becomes a tuning knob between the performance of transaction processing and recovery to meet different OLTP requirements, and a model is proposed to guide such tuning. Our experimental study compares the performance of our proposed adaptive logging, ARIES-style data logging and command logging on top of H-Store. The results show that adaptive logging can achieve a 10x boost for recovery and a transaction throughput that is comparable to that of command logging.
Streetlight Management System Using LoRaWAN (2017)

기존에 개발된 스마트 가로등 관리 시스템은 도로에 설치된 가로등을 관리 및 유지보수하기 위해서 많은 시간과 비용이 필요하여 현재까지도 보급률이 매우 낮다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 가로등 관리 시스템들과 달리 장거리 통신이 가능하며 초기비용 및 유지비용이 상대적으로 저렴한 Long Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN)통신을 이용한 가로등 관리 시스템을 제안한다. 또한 가로등의 상태 및 가로등 주변의 환경을 GUI에서 실시간 모니터링 및 제어를 하여 설치된 가로등에 문제가 발생 시 빠른 시간 내에 이를 확인할 수 있다. 마지막으로 구현된 시스템의 LoRaWAN 통신 테스트 및 센서 정확도 테스트를 실시하여 시스템의 성능을 검증한다. Supply rate is very low because conventional smart system of streetlight management requires a lot of time and cost until now. In this paper, we demonstrated maintaining system for streetlight which uses LoRaWAN to solve following those reasons. Using LoRaWAN is subject to build long range and low power communication. Furthermore, it helps to make low initial and cost for maintenance. Detecting problem of streetlight in real time and controling streetlight based on situation and environment are additional benefits. This system on control part is carried by administrator in GUI environment. Finally, we verified the proposed system of performance for LoRaWAN communication and sensor accuracy.
Strongly Coupled Magnons and Cavity Microwave Photons (2014)

We realize a cavity magnon-microwave photon system in which a magnetic dipole interaction mediates strong coupling between the collective motion of a large number of spins in a ferrimagnet and the microwave field in a three-dimensional cavity. By scaling down the cavity size and increasing the number of spins, an ultrastrong coupling regime is achieved with a cooperativity reaching 12,600. Interesting dynamic features including classical Rabi-like oscillation, magnetically induced transparency, and the Purcell effect are demonstrated in this highly versatile platform, highlighting its great potential for coherent information processing.
Work Domain Analysis Workbench: Supporting Cognitive Work Analysis as a Systematic Practice (1999)

If cognitive engineering is to become accepted as part of engineering practice and to make contributions throughout the system life cycle, its concepts and techniques need to be clarified. Methods and criteria need to be available to ensure that an analysis is adequate. In this paper we focus on the prospects for Cognitive Work Analysis (Rasmussen et al., 1994; Vicente, 1999) to become more systematic and we hypothesize that software tools may help. We have developed a prototype software environment to support the first step in CWA, Work Domain Analysis. The Work Domain Analysis Workbench (WDAW) lets users enter, edit, visualise, manipulate, and query certain kinds of work domain structures. The WDAW supports discovery during analysis, facilitates creation of a work domain representation, and helps ensure analytic adequacy and consistency. We provide examples of the WDAW in use with existing data sets.
Channel estimation for EGPRS modems (2002)

We examine the applicability of different channel estimation techniques for EGPRS (enhanced global packet radio system) modems. Correlation and least squares (LS) techniques are analyzed and compared. The LS technique is presented as the candidate for EGPRS. Finally, possible modifications of the LS algorithm are discussed.
Semi-supervised Skin Detection by Network with Mutual Guidance (2019)

In this paper we present a new data-driven method for robust skin detection from a single human portrait image. Unlike previous methods, we incorporate human body as a weak semantic guidance into this task, considering acquiring large-scale of human labeled skin data is commonly expensive and time-consuming. To be specific, we propose a dual-task neural network for joint detection of skin and body via a semi-supervised learning strategy. The dual-task network contains a shared encoder but two decoders for skin and body separately. For each decoder, its output also serves as a guidance for its counterpart, making both decoders mutually guided. Extensive experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our network with mutual guidance, and experimental results show our network outperforms the state-of-the-art in skin detection.
Fiber-Optic Frequency Shifting of THz-Range WDM Signal Using Orthogonal Pump-Signal Polarization Configuration (2018)

We propose a nonlinear fiber-based optical frequency shifter using two CW pumps orthogonally polarized to signals and demonstrate THz-range error-free frequency shifting of 1.6-Tb/s DP-16QAM WDM signal without guard-band midway through 160 km transmission.
Corrosion of Steel in Brick Masonry (1985)

Under present design standards steel ties, anchors, fasteners, joint reinforcement, reinforcing bars, and structural steel lintels and shelf angles in exterior masonry walls corrode at a rate which gives them a life expectancy of 5 to 70 years. Implementation of recommendations for improved design standards could double their life expectancy. Seventy references are cited.
Neutrophil degranulation detected by right angle light scattering: spectroscopic methods suitable for simultaneous analyses of degranulation or shape change, elastase release, and cell aggregation. (1984)

We have used simultaneous spectrometric analysis of right angle scattering and elastase release from human neutrophils to demonstrate the similarity of these two measures of degranulation. Both responses depend on the presence of cytochalasin B, and are similar in kinetics, dose-response, and dependence on receptor occupancy at the formyl peptide receptor. This scattering response is shown to be largely independent of cell aggregation. In the absence of cytochalasin B, a rapid and transient right angle scatter response of a different character, probably associated with cell ruffling, is detected. Either right angle response can be detected by flow cytometry.
Determination of the dielectric tensor in anisotropic materials (1995)

We demonstrate a new approach to determine the dielectric tensor of anisotropic materials using a rotating polarizer (or analyzer) ellipsometer. The dependence of the ellipsometric parameters as a function of azimuthal angle shows characteristic patterns very sensitive to the magnitude of the dielectric tensor and its orientation with respect to the sample surface. These patterns are in general nonsinusoidal and depend strongly on the angle setting of the fixed analyzer (or polarizer). We illustrate the method with results obtained on a generic crystallographic face of a uniaxial material, namely, a single crystal of the electron-doped high-temperature superconductor Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−δ .
Mesenchymal stem cells and management of COVID-19 pneumonia (2020)

Human coronavirus, hCoV-19, is highly pathogenic with severe pneumonia associated with rapid virus replication. Arising in Wuhan China December 2019, the current COVID-19 epidemic has rapidly grown with person-to-person infection expanding to become a global health emergency now on pandemic scale. Governments will not be able to minimise both deaths from COVID-19 and the economic impact of viral spread in mitigation of this current COVID-19 pandemic, according to Anderson et al. 2020 [1], Keeping mortality as low as possible will be the highest priority for individuals; hence governments must put in place measures to ameliorate the inevitable economic downturn. The current global picture shows small chains of transmission in many countries and large chains resulting in extensive spread in a few countries, such as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan. Most countries are likely to have spread of COVID-19, at least in the early stages, before any mitigation measures have an impact. The scale of the problem is massive. Here I consider new approaches to improve patient's biological resistance to COVID-19 using stem cells, and how benefit might be scaled and simplified using synthetic stem cells to meet logistical needs within a short time frame.
Mycobacteria Other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Review of Microbiologic and Clinical Aspects (1987)

The rate of isolation of mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) has increased over the past several years; in some areas the isolation rate for Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare has surpassed that for M. tuberculosis. Simultaneously, the spectrum of clinical manifestations with the various species has widened. Outbreaks of disease due to Mycobacterium chelonae have occurred in renal dialysis patients. New species have been described: Mycobacterium malmoense is primarily a pulmonary pathogen, and Mycobacterium haemophilum has been recovered from cutaneous lesions in immunosuppressed patients. In addition, reports of disease due to species generally considered saprophytic have become more numerous. In this review, the epidemiologic, pathologic, and clinical features of the individual MOTT species are discussed. A brief summary of mycobacteria isolated at the Cleveland Clinic foundation between 1982 and 1985 is also presented.
Bootstrap confidence intervals: when, which, what? A practical guide for medical statisticians (2000)

Since the early 1980s, a bewildering array of methods for constructing bootstrap confidence intervals have been proposed. In this article, we address the following questions. First, when should bootstrap confidence intervals be used. Secondly, which method should be chosen, and thirdly, how should it be implemented. In order to do this, we review the common algorithms for resampling and methods for constructing bootstrap confidence intervals, together with some less well known ones, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. We then present a simulation study, a flow chart for choosing an appropriate method and a survival analysis example.
Synthesis and Application of a Fluorous Lawesson's Reagent:  Convenient Chromatography-Free Product Purification (2006)

[reaction: see text] A fluorous analogue of Lawesson's reagent for thionation of carbonyl compounds has been developed and its use demonstrated on a series of amides, esters, and ketones. The separation of the Lawesson's reagent-derived byproducts can be achieved by a simple fluorous solid-phase extraction.
An Exploratory Study on Vocabulary Size of Korean High School EFL Learners (2022)

The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate vocabulary size of Korean high school learners of English. The relationship between their vocabulary size and performance on English tests was also explored. With 97 Korean high school students of 10th and 11th grades, the Vocabulary Size Test (Nation & Beglar, 2007) was employed to measure their vocabulary size. Their performance on English tests was assessed through a school’s English reading test and the Preliminary College Scholastic Ability Test. Results revealed that 10th and 11th graders knew an average of 3,282 and 3,733 word-families, respectively. These two groups showed a 451 word-family difference in vocabulary size, suggesting that high school students, at least for participants of the current study, gained around 451 word-families over a year. While a large number of students achieved a vocabulary size of 4,000 to 6,000 word-families, a significant number of students seemed to have difficulty in learning the most frequent 2,000 word-families. The study found that the vocabulary size played a crucial role in learners’ English academic performance, most markedly in reading comprehension, in line with previous L2 vocabulary research.