gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curvature correction method based on subthreshold currents for bandgap voltage references (2012)

This work presents a curvature correction method using a subthreshold current generated by an NMOS transistor with its gate and source connected. The designed BGR, used as case study, achieves a simulated temperature coefficient of 5.9 ppm/°C, while the conventional circuit achieves only 17.5 ppm/°C - the triple of the output voltage variation in the temperature range from -40 to 125°C. If the proposed technique is used, the traditional first-order BGR can be simply modified to accomplish high-order temperature compensation with small area overhead and without an increase in power consumption.
The function of dendritic cells in modulating the host response (2017)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that capture, process, and present antigens to lymphocytes to initiate and regulate the adaptive immune response. DCs detect bacteria in skin and mucosa and migrate into regional lymph nodes, where they stimulate antigen-specific T and B lymphocyte activation and proliferation. DCs direct CD4 T cells to differentiate to T-cell subsets such as T helper cells types 1, 2, and 17, and regulatory T cells. The periodontium is chronically exposed to oral bacteria that stimulate an inflammatory response to induce gingivitis or periodontitis. DCs play both protective and destructive roles through activation of the acquired immune response and are also reported to be a source of osteoclast precursors that promote bone resorption. FOXO1, a member of the forkhead box O family of transcription factors, plays a significant role in the activation of DCs. The function of DCs in periodontal inflammation has been investigated in a mouse model by lineage-specific deletion of FOXO1 in these cells. Deletion of FOXO1 reduces DC protective function and enhances susceptibility to periodontitis. The kinase Akt, phosphorylates FOXO1 to inhibit FOXO activity. Hence the Akt-FOXO1 axis may play a key role in regulating DCs to have a significant impact on periodontal disease.
Preparation of chitosan–silica/PCL composite membrane as wound dressing with enhanced cell attachment (2017)

In the present study, the asymmetrical polycaprolactone membranes were synthesized using phase inversion method and modified by addition of Pluronic (F‐127) and sodium hydroxide treatment to improve the cell attachment. The chemical structure, physical properties and mechanical behavior of the membranes as well as cell attachment and proliferation on them were characterized and compared to determine the appropriate membrane used in wound dressing fabrication. Then, a composite membrane as wound dressing capable of drug controlled‐release was prepared composed of two merged layers: an asymmetrical poly(ε‐caprolactone) layer coated with a drug‐loaded chitosan – silica matrix. Drug release behavior and biocompatibility of the final system were evaluated. The results showed that the polycaprolactone modified membrane provides appropriate properties to expand fibroblast cell adhesion and proliferation. This in‐vitro study also showed that the controlled‐release composite wound dressing was developed with approximately 70% cumulative release rate, which provided a porous substrate to support skin cells. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach to analyze lysosomal dysfunctions through subcellular proteomics and lipidomics: the case of NPC1 deficiency (2017)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have mainly been used as cellular carriers for genes and therapeutic products, while their use in subcellular organelle isolation remains underexploited. We engineered SPIONs targeting distinct subcellular compartments. Dimercaptosuccinic acid-coated SPIONs are internalized and accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomes, while aminolipid-SPIONs reside at the plasma membrane. These features allowed us to establish standardized magnetic isolation procedures for these membrane compartments with a yield and purity permitting proteomic and lipidomic profiling. We validated our approach by comparing the biomolecular compositions of lysosomes and plasma membranes isolated from wild-type and Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) deficient cells. While the accumulation of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids is seen as a primary hallmark of NPC1 deficiency, our lipidomics analysis revealed the buildup of several species of glycerophospholipids and other storage lipids in selectively late endosomes/lysosomes of NPC1-KO cells. While the plasma membrane proteome remained largely invariable, we observed pronounced alterations in several proteins linked to autophagy and lysosomal catabolism reflecting vesicular transport obstruction and defective lysosomal turnover resulting from NPC1 deficiency. Thus the use of SPIONs provides a major advancement in fingerprinting subcellular compartments, with an increased potential to identify disease-related alterations in their biomolecular compositions.
Techniques for Controlling Airflow Distribution in Raised-Floor Data Centers (2003)

In raised-floor data centers, the airflow rates through the perforated tiles must meet the cooling requirements of the computer servers placed next to the tiles. The data centers house a wide range of equipment, and the heat load pattern on the floor can be quite arbitrary and changes as the data center evolves. To achieve optimum utilization of the floor space and the flexibility for rearrangement and retrofitting, the designers and managers of data centers must be able to modify the airflow rates through the perforated tiles. The airflow rates through the perforated tiles are governed primarily by the pressure distribution under the raised floor. Thus, the key to modifying the flow rates is to influence the flow field in the plenum. This paper discusses a number of techniques that can be used for controlling airflow distribution. These techniques involve changing the plenum height and open area of perforated tiles, and installing thin (solid and perforated) partitions in the plenum. A number of case studies, using a mathematical model, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques.
A comparative study of sorting methods for Lithium-ion batteries (2014)

This paper presents a comparative study of five sorting methods for Lithium-ion batteries. The principle of each method and the feather of the sorting parameters are obviously described firstly. Then, optimized implement the experiment on LiFePO4/graphite cells. Sorting results are clearly analyzed subsequently. By analyzes the relationship among the parameters, there are strong correlation between impedance parameters measured by different methods, surface temperature rise and internal resistances. By methods comparison, dynamic characteristic consistency of cells is mainly determined by the consistency of cells' low frequency impedance. This paper has significance for battery-group and second-use technology.
A radioimmunoassay for a highly active luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue and relation between the serum level of the analogue and that of gonadotropin. (1980)

Antisera to an LH-RH analogue, des-Gly10-[D-Leu6]-LH-RH-ethylamide (TAP-144) were produced in 10 rabbits. By using these antisera, a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for TAP-144 was established. Sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay ranged from 5 to 100 per assay tube with these antisera. Lh, FSH, TRH, LH-RH, and the 1-6 fragment of TAP-144 did not practically cross-react with LH-RH analogues, though the degree of the cross-reactivity differed among individual sera. The average cross-reactivity of the 10 antisera showed low specificities to TAP-144 analogues which are altered at positions 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, but showed high specificities to those altered at positions 8 and 9. The antisera also showed low cross-reactivities to LH-RH analogues replaced at position 6 by D-amino acids and those altered at position 10 by alkylamines, but they showed fairly high cross-reactivities to analogues which are altered simultaneously at both positions 6 and 10. When TAP-144 was administered intraperitoneally to rats on the diestrous day, serum concentrations of TAP-144 increased dose-dependently but maximal serum concentrations of both LH and FSH were attained in response to higher doses of TAP-144. The peak LH and FSH concentrations appeared 70 to 110 min after the peak TAP-144 concentration had been reached. Similar delays in reaching the peak LH and FSH levels were also observed when TAP-144 was administered intravenously, subcutaneously and intramuscularly. When TAP-144 was administered intravaginally, a low but constant serum level of TAP-144 was maintained from 5 to 300 min after the administration, but serum LH and FSH levels declined to a low level from 180 min after the TAP-144 administration.
Improving Screening Mammography Outcomes Through Comparison With Multiple Prior Mammograms (2016)

Comparison with two or more prior mammograms resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the screening mammography recall rate and increases in the CDR and PPV1 relative to comparison with a single prior mammogram.
Effect of Konjac food on blood glucose level in patients with diabetes. (1990)

Seventy-two type II diabetic subjects were given Konjac food for 65 days. The data analyzed by multiple F test indicate that the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and the 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) on the 30th and the 65th days after the food was ingested were significantly reduced (P = 0.001, P less than 0.001, respectively), as was the glycosylated hemoglobin level at the end of the trial (P less than 0.05). The final FBG and PBG of the subjects with initial FBG-O greater than 200 mg% decreased on the average by 51.8 and 84.6 mg%, respectively; those with FBG-O 150-200 mg% decreased by 24.1 and 68.7 mg%; and those with FBG-O less than 150 mg% decreased by 4.8 and 21.4 mg%. No significant changes in blood lipid indexes were observed, except that the triglyceride values of subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (greater than 200 mg%) significantly decreased by 118.7 mg%. It was concluded that Konjac food is very useful in the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia.
The formation of thermophilic spores during the manufacture of whole milk powder (2007)

A survey was undertaken at a whole milk powder manufacturing plant to determine the origin and the rate of spore formation of thermophilic bacteria. Spores were generally not detected (< 10 cfu/mL) in either the pasteurization process or the pasteurized milk directed into the powder plant. The predominant sites of spore formation were the preheater plate heat exchanger and the evaporator. Spores began to be detected approximately 9 h into an 18‐h manufacturing run. Spore isolates were identified as Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Geobacillus species. A. flavithermus predominated in the preheat section, whereas a mix of both organisms was present in the later manufacturing stages.
Efficient broadcasting in wormhole-routed multicomputers: a network-partitioning approach (1999)

In this paper, a network-partitioning approach for one-to-all broadcasting on wormhole-routed networks is proposed. To broadcast a message, the scheme works in three phases. First, a number of data-distributing networks (DDNs), which can work independently, are constructed. Then the message is evenly divided into submessages, each being sent to a representative node in one DDN. Second, the submessages are broadcast on the DDNs concurrently. Finally, a number of data-collecting networks (DCNs), which can work independently too, are constructed. Then, concurrently on each DCN, the submessages are collected and combined into the original message. Our approach, especially designed for wormhole-routed networks, is conceptually similar but fundamentally very different from the traditional approach of using multiple edge-disjoint spanning trees in parallel for broadcasting in store-and-forward networks. One interesting issue is on the definition of independent DDNs and DCNs, in the sense of wormhole routing. We show how to apply this approach to tori, meshes, and hypercubes. Thorough analyses and comparisons based on different system parameters and configurations are conducted. The results do confirm the advantage of our scheme, under various system parameters and conditions, over other existing broadcasting algorithms.
End-to-End Optimization of Chemical-Electric Orbit-Raising Missions (2004)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
ENHANCED MACROPHAGE CYTOTOXICITY AGAINST TUMOR CELLS TREATED WITH PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (1994)

In vitro treatment of human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 with photofrin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) resulted in the potentiation of macrophage-mediated killing of these cells assayed either by measuring 3H-thymidine release from the prelabeled target cells, or by determining the survival of A549 cells based on colony formation. The effector cells in these experiments were human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL60 induced to differentiate into macrophages. Very similar results were obtained with the murine squamous carcinoma SCCVII cells treated with PDT and subsequently admixed with mouse peritoneal macrophages. This effect increased with PDT dose and reached its maximum (i.e. complete or nearly complete release of the radioactive label) with the photodynamic treatment that was lethal to 40-50% of cells. In contrast, the PDT treatment of normal mouse kidney cells resulted in only a very limited enhancement of their cytolysis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. The exposure of A549 cells to X-ray irradiation had not affected the macrophage-mediated killing of these cells. The PDT survival curves of A549 cells cultured either alone or with the effector cells showed that the presence of macrophages even at very low effector: target cells ratios enhanced the PDT response of tumor cells. The enhancement ratio of 3.6 (at S = 0.01) was achieved with the effector: target cell ratio 2.5:1, which was the highest ratio tested with this assay. It is suggested that macrophages may recognize potentially repairable damage induced by PDT in tumor cells (presumably lipid fragments exposed in damaged cellular membranes), which helps them to identify the affected cells as their targets.
A 20 Mhz BiCMOS peak detect pulse qualifier and area detect servo demodulator for hard disk drive servo loop (2002)

With concentric data tracks separated radially by less than 10/spl mu/m, accurately detecting servo information on a magnetic disk is a crucial function of magnetic storage read channels. Valid servo Gray code confirms that the read/write head is in the servo sector. Servo bursts with different offsets from track centers provide vital track positioning information for the read/write head. The servo Gray code is a series of positive and negative pulses. The pulse qualifier outputs a RDS pulse for each pulse whose amplitude exceeds a user programmed threshold. Following the servo Gray code, the servo demodulator integrates over each servo burst, and outputs the magnitude of each integration. Trade-offs between power, area, and sensitivity to noise are considered in the servo demodulator architecture design. This implementation of a peak-detect pulse qualifier and an area detect servo demodulator is fabricated in 5V 0.8/spl mu/m BiCMOS. Total area of the two blocks is 2.15mm/sup 2/, and total power consumption of the two blocks is 130mW.
Inhaled ds <scp>RNA</scp> and rhinovirus evoke neutrophilic exacerbation and lung expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergic mice with established experimental asthma (2013)

dsRNA-induced exacerbation in mice with experimental asthma involved general inflammation, cytokines and interferons, in agreement with previous observations in exacerbating human asthma. Additionally, both dsRNA and RV1B infection increased lung TSLP exclusively at exacerbations. Our data suggest that dsRNA challenges superimposed on allergic inflammation are suited for pharmacological studies of asthma exacerbations including the regulation of lung tissue TSLP, TNF-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ.
Enhancing the immunogenicity and modulating the fine epitope recognition of antisera to a helical group A streptococcal peptide vaccine candidate from the M protein using lipid‐core peptide technology (2002)

A conserved helical peptide vaccine candidate from the M protein of group A streptococci, p145, has been described. Minimal epitopes within p145 have been defined and an epitope recognized by protective antibodies, but not by autoreactive T cells, has been identified. When administered to mice, p145 has low immunogenicity. Many boosts of peptide are required to achieve a high antibody titre (> 12 800). To attempt to overcome this low immunogenicity, lipid-core peptide technology was employed. Lipid-core peptides (LCP) consist of an oligomeric polylysine core, with multiple copies of the peptide of choice, conjugated to a series of lipoamino acids, which acts as an anchor for the antigen. Seven different LCP constructs based on the p145 peptide sequence were synthesized (LCP1-->LCP7) and the immunogenicity of the compounds examined. The most immunogenic constructs contained the longest alkyl side-chains. The number of lipoamino acids in the constructs affected the immunogenicity and spacing between the alkyl side-chains increased immunogenicity. An increase in immunogenicity (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titres) of up to 100-fold was demonstrated using this technology and some constructs without adjuvant were more immunogenic than p145 administered with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The fine specificity of the induced antibody response differed for the different constructs but one construct, LCP4, induced antibodies of identical fine specificity to those found in endemic human serum. Opsonic activity of LCP4 antisera was more than double that of p145 antisera. These data show the potential for LCP technology to both enhance immunogenicity of complex peptides and to focus the immune response towards or away from critical epitopes.
Feeding lactating primiparous sows to establish three divergent metabolic states: II. Effect on nitrogen partitioning and skeletal muscle composition. (1998)

We established an experimental model to study nitrogen (N) partitioning in lactating primiparous sows alimented to three levels of nutrient intake. Thirty-six sows fitted with a gastric cannula and fed a 15.4 MJ DE/kg and 18.6% CP diet were allocated to one of three treatments after farrowing: 1) ad libitum-fed; 2) restricted-fed to 55% of the ad libitum feed intake; and 3) superalimented to at least 125% of the ad libitum feed intake. These feed intakes were successfully achieved throughout lactation. Nitrogen balance was studied for three 5-d periods starting on d 2, 11, and 19 of lactation, and a triceps muscle biopsy was taken on d 26. For all treatments, N intake increased, milk N production increased, urinary N losses decreased, but fecal N losses increased as the 28-d lactation progressed. Restricted-fed sows had the lowest fecal N and urinary losses and mobilized the most maternal protein (-23.0 vs -7.4 +/- 6.5 g N/d for ad libitum-fed sows) during lactation. As a consequence of these economies, and extensive protein mobilization, restricted-fed sows were able to maintain milk N production similar to that of sows on the other treatments. Superalimented sows did not mobilize protein, had the poorest protein digestibility, directed the least digestible N toward milk (40.1 vs 78.3% in restricted-fed sows), and produced amounts of milk N similar to those produced by sows on the other treatments. The treatment differences in N retention measured by N balance were reflected in differences in skeletal muscle variables and urinary creatinine. Skeletal muscle cell size (protein:DNA ratio) and protein synthetic capacity (RNA:DNA ratio) increased in response to feed intake. The protein:DNA ratio increased (P < .01) linearly and the RNA:DNA ratio increased (P < .05) in a curvilinear manner. These data suggest that primiparous sows partition additional retained N toward their maternal reserves rather than milk N. They also suggest that sows fed inadequate N intakes maintain milk production by mobilizing maternal protein reserves. Such sows also conserve maternal N during lactation, possibly by reducing muscle protein synthesis.
Pneumothorax and other lung diseases: effect of altered resolution and edge enhancement on diagnosis with digitized radiographs. (1988)

Prior studies have shown that pneumothorax is one of the more difficult entities to diagnose with digitized radiography. This study was designed to test whether increasing resolution from 1.25 to 2.5 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm) and image processing (edge enhancement from unsharp masking) would increase accuracy and confidence in the diagnosis of pneumothorax, as well as normal cases and other forms of lung disease. Conventional radiographs were digitized with use of a laser reader and then reformatted as film hard copy. Eleven observers read 35 cases reformatted in three different ways (1.25 lp/mm, 2.5 lp/mm, 1.25 lp/mm unsharp mask). The images with finer resolution (2.5 lp/mm) and unsharp mask images were superior to those with coarser resolution (1.25 lp/mm) for the diagnosis of pneumothorax. There was no difference in diagnostic accuracy for normal patients. For abnormalities other than pneumothorax, the unsharp mask images were significantly worse. Confidence in the diagnosis of pneumothorax and other abnormalities was highest with the finest resolution (2.5 lp/mm).
<i>In vitro</i> Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of Triterpenes from the Red Sea Sponge, <i>Siphonochalina siphonella</i> (2015)

Purpose: To study the phytochemical composition of Siphonochalina siphonella sponge from the western coast of the Red Sea and to evaluate the isolates for possible in vitro cytotoxic, antibacterial and antiviral activities.Methods: The compounds obtained were isolated and purified by different chromatographic means. Their structures were established by means of spectral analysis including 1D 1H and 13C and 2D correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HR-MS). Crystal violet staining method (CVS) was used for the assessment of the cytotoxic activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 human cell lines, while agar-well diffusion method was employed to measure antimicrobial activity against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. The antiviral activity was determined by the inhibition of cytopathic effect (CPE) in susceptible mammalian cells.Results: Four triterpenes, possessing two different skeletons, were isolated and identified as sipholenone A, sipholenol A, neviotine A and sipholenol L. All four compounds were significantly cytotoxic to MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 (the inhibitory concentration required to reduce cell survival by 50 %) in range 2.8 - 19.2 μg/mL. The highest antibacterial activity was observed for neviotine A (Compound 3) against Bacillis subtilis (17.2 ± 0.58). On the other hand, all the compounds showed moderate to weak anti-viral activity.Conclusion: The findings reveal the strong cytotoxic activity of all the isolated triterpenes from the Red Sea Sponge, S. siphonella. Sipholenone A (Compound 1) displayed significant cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 = 3.0 and 2.8 μM, respectively.Keywords: Red Sea Sponge, Siphonochalina siphonella, Triterpenes, Cancer cells, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, Antiviral