gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameters Extracted From Arterial Pulse Waves as Markers of Atherosclerotic Changes: Performance and Repeatability (2017)

Arterial diseases are significant and increasing cause of mortality and morbidity. In this study, we analyze and compare the discrimination capability of different arterial pulse wave (PW) based indices, both earlier proposed and novel ones, for describing the vascular health. The repeatability of the indices is also evaluated. Both volume PWs and dynamic pressure PWs are recorded by using photoplethysmographic and electromechanical film (EMFi) sensors connected to a wireless body sensor network. The study population consists of 82 subjects, 30 atherosclerotic patients, and 52 control subjects. In addition, day-to-day variability of the derived indices is studied with ten test subjects examined on three different days. The results are evaluated in terms of statistical tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves as well as coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Altogether 24 out of the evaluated 40 PW parameters showed statistical differences ( or less) between controls and atherosclerotic patients. Maximum area under curve was 0.88. Most of the indices had ICCs higher than 0.8 and average CVs less than 0.1. The study shows that the amplitude ratios and time intervals between different PW peaks could be a useful additional tool for the detection of atherosclerosis. The results encourage us for further studies in this field. Up to our knowledge, the performance and the repeatability of different PW derived indices have previously not been studied and compared with each other this extensively. Our findings also provide evidence for the utility of PW measurements for the detection of atherosclerotic changes.
A 32-kilodalton protein binds to AU-rich domains in the 3' untranslated regions of rapidly degraded mRNAs. (1991)

An AU-rich sequence present within the 3' untranslated region has been shown to mark some short-lived mRNAs for rapid degradation. We demonstrate by label transfer and gel shift experiments that a 32-kDa polypeptide, present in nuclear extracts, specifically interacts with the AU-rich domains present within the 3' untranslated region of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, c-fos, and c-myc mRNAs and a similar domain downstream of the poly(A) addition site of the adenovirus IVa2 mRNA. Competition experiments and partial protease analysis indicated that the same polypeptide interacts with all four RNAs. A single AUUUA sequence in a U-rich context was sufficient to signal binding of the 32-kDa polypeptide. Insertion of three copies of this minimal recognition site led to markedly reduced accumulation of beta-globin RNA, while the same insert carrying a series of U-to-G changes had little effect on RNA levels. Steady-state levels of beta-globin-specific nuclear RNA, including incompletely processed RNA, and cytoplasmic mRNA were reduced. Cytoplasmic mRNA containing the AU-rich recognition sites for the 32-kDa polypeptide exhibited a half-life shorter than that of mRNA with a mutated insert. We suggest that binding of the 32-kDa polypeptide may be involved in the regulation of mRNA half-life.
Fucoxanthin, Tetraprenylated Toluquinone and Toluhydroquinone Metabolites from Sargassum heterophyllum Inhibit the in vitro Growth of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum (2008)

In the course of our search for antimalarial leads from marine algae, four metabolites, sargaquinoic acid, sargahydroquinoic acid, sargaquinal and fucoxanthin, were isolated from the South African alga Sargassum heterophyllum. Fucoxanthin and sargaquinal showed good antiplasmodial activity toward a chloroquine-sensitive strain (D10) of Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 1.5 and 2.0 microM, respectively), while sargaquinoic acid and sargahydroquinoic acid were only moderately active (IC50 12.0 and 15.2 microM, respectively).
Small molecule KDM4s inhibitors as anti-cancer agents (2018)

Histone demethylation is a vital process in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. A number of histone demethylases are present to control the methylated states of histone. Among these enzymes, KDM4s are one subfamily of JmjC KDMs and play important roles in both normal and cancer cells. The discovery of KDM4s inhibitors is a potential therapeutic strategy against different diseases including cancer. Here, we summarize the development of KDM4s inhibitors and some related pharmaceutical information to provide an update of recent progress in KDM4s inhibitors.
Diffusion and Flow Mechanisms of Shale Gas through Matrix Pores and Gas Production Forecasting (2013)

Abstract The transport mechanism of gas moving through matrix pores is the bottleneck of conquering the difficulties in shale gas development. The matrix pores can be divided into organic and inorganic matrix pores. The transport mechanism of shale gas in organic and inorganic matrix pores is different. However, the present gas transport model only focused on the gas transport in organic matrix pores, in addition, the impact of organic and inorganic mass ratio has been largely neglected by shale gas transport models in the literature, leading to an unclear recognition of shale gas production discipline and large derivation between prediction results by the present models and actual performance of shale gas wells. In this paper, both the pore size distribution and water distribution in shale matrix pores are investigated. Furthermore, a new diffusion-slippage-flow model in combination with the gas transport mechanism is proposed. Also, the organic content effect is considered and the range of Knudsen number is quantified. Finally, a gas production model based on this gas transport mechanism is derived and employed to reveal the discipline of shale gas production. The preliminary results illustrate that Knudsen diffusion is not suitable for shale gas reservoirs. This is because Knudsen number is generally less than 10, especially for such shale gas reservoirs with higher initial reservoir pressure. Gas moving through shale matrix pores to fractures is mainly divided into two forms: in organic matrix pores, both slip effect and transition diffusion mechanism are dominant; in inorganic matrix pores, the gas-water two-phase flow controls the gas transport mechanism because of the presence of water in these pores. The efforts of this work will provide a more accurate technique for forecasting shale gas production, and also give some insights into scientific evidence to the rational development of shale gas reservoirs.
Toward automatic proof generation for information flow policies in third-party hardware IP (2015)

The proof carrying hardware intellectual property (PCHIP) framework ensures trustworthiness by developing proofs for security properties designed to prevent introduction of malicious behaviors via third-party hardware IP. However, converting a design to a formal representation and developing proofs for the desired security properties is a cumbersome task for IP developers and requires extra knowledge of formal reasoning methods, proof development and proof checking. While security properties are generally specific to each design, information flow policies are a set of policies which ensure that no secret information is leaked through untrusted channels, and are mainly applicable to the designs which manipulate secret and sensitive data. In this work, we introduce the VeriCoq-IFT framework which aims to (i) automate the process of converting designs from HDL to the Coq formal language, (ii) generate security property theorems ensuring information flow policies, (iii) construct proofs for such theorems, and (iv) check their validity for the design, with minimal user intervention. We take advantage of Coq proof automation facilities in proving the generated theorems for enforcing these policies and we demonstrate the applicability of our automated framework on two DES encryption circuits. By providing essential information, the trustworthiness of these circuits in terms of information flow policies is verified automatically. Any alteration of the circuit description against information flow policies causes proofs to fail. Our methodology is the first but essential step in the adoption of PCHIP as a valuable method to authenticate the trustworthiness of third party hardware IP with minimal extra effort.
Coupling to an ’’edge metal-oxide-metal’’ junction via an evaporated long antenna (1979)

The observation of planar long-antenna coupling to a metal-oxide-metal (edge configuration) has been demonstrated at λ=118 μm. The two major lobes of an 11λ antenna are coupled to via a superstrate prism. Insufficient data is presently available to identify with certainty the mechanism of detection.
Performance-Aware Corner Model for Design for Manufacturing (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present a methodology to generate performance-aware corner models (PAMs). Accuracy is improved by emphasizing electrical variation data and reconciling the process and electrical variation data. PAM supports corner (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm \sigma$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm \hbox{2}\sigma$</tex></formula>) simulation and Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, PAM supports the practice of application-specific corner cards, for example, for gain-sensitive applications. </para>
Dynamic control modification techniques in teleoperation of a flexible manipulator (1991)

The objective of this research is to reduce the end-point vibration of a large, teleoperated manipulator while preserving the usefulness of the system motion. A master arm is designed to measure desired joint angles as the user specifies a desired tip motion. The desired joint angles from the master arm are the inputs to an adaptive PD control algorithm that positions the end-point of the manipulator. As the user moves the tip of the master, the robot will vibrate at its natural frequencies which makes it difficult to position the end-point. To eliminate the tip vibration during teleoperated motions, an input shaping method is presented. The input shaping method transforms each sample of the desired input into a new set of impulses that do not excite the system resonances. The method is explained using the equation of motion for a simple, second-order system. The impulse response of such a system is derived and the constraint equations for vibrationless motion are presented. To evaluate the robustness of the method, a different residual vibration equation from Singer's is derived that more accurately represents the input shaping technique. The input shaping method is shown to actually increase the residual vibration in certain situations when the system parameters are not accurately specified. Finally, the implementation of the input shaping method to a system with varying parameters is shown to induce a vibration into the system. To eliminate this vibration, a modified command shaping technique is developed. The ability of the modified command shaping method to reduce vibration at the system resonances is tested by varying input perturbations to trajectories in a range of possible user inputs. By comparing the frequency responses of the transverse acceleration at the end-point of the manipulator, the modified method is compared to the original PD routine. The control scheme that produces the smaller magnitude of resonant vibration at the first natural frequency is considered the more effective control method.
Periodontal Changes in Children and Adolescents With Diabetes (2006)

Our findings suggest that periodontal destruction can start very early in life in diabetes and becomes more prominent as children become adolescents. Programs designed to promote periodontal disease prevention and treatment should be provided to young patients with diabetes.
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Copper by Sequential Steps Involving Oxidation and Exposure to Hexafluoroacetylacetone (2018)

We describe an atomic layer etching (ALE) method for copper that involves cyclic exposure to an oxidant and hexafluoroacetylacetone (Hhfac) at 275°C. The process does not attack dielectrics such as SiO2 or SiNx, and the surface reactions are kinetically self-limiting to afford a precise etch depth that is spatially uniform. Exposure of a copper surface to molecular oxygen, O2, a weak oxidant, forms a ∼0.3 nm thick layer of Cu2O, which is removed in a subsequent step by exposure to Hhfac. The etch reaction involves disproportionation of Cu(hfac) intermediates, such that ∼0.09 nm copper is removed per cycle. Exposure of copper to ozone, a stronger oxidant, affords ∼15 nm of CuO; when this oxidized surface is exposed to Hhfac, 8.4 nm of copper is removed per cycle. The etch products, Cu(hfac)2 and H2O, are efficiently pumped away; H2O, a poor oxidant, does not attack the bare Cu surface. The roughness of the copper surface increases slowly over successive etch cycles. Thermochemical and bulk etching data indicate that this approach should work for a variety of other metals.
OptQuest software tutorial: portfolio optimization for capital investment projects (2002)

The new portfolio optimization engine, OptFolio™, simultaneously addresses financial return goals, catastrophic loss avoidance, and performance probability. The innovations embedded in OptFolio enable users to confidently design effective plans for achieving financial goals, employing accurate analysis based on real data. Traditional analysis and prediction methods are based on mean variance analysis -- an approach known to be faulty. OptFolio takes a much more sophisticated and strategic direction. State-of-the-art technology integrates optimization and simulation techniques and a new surface methodology based on linear programming into a global system that guides a series of evaluations to reveal truly optimal investment scenarios. OptFolio is currently being used to optimize project portfolio performance in oil and gas applications and in capital allocation and budgeting for investments in technology.
St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Regional Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project : environmental management framework (2016)

The objective of the Regional Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project for Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is to reduce disaster related vulnerabilities as well as other social vulnerabilities. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: alternative routes to be identified in the instance of extended road works or road blockages; the public to be notified of all disturbances to their normal routes; signposting, warning signs, barriers and traffic diversions must be clearly visible and the public warned of all potential hazards; provision must be made for the safe passages and crossings for all pedestrians where construction traffic interferes with their normal route; there must be active traffic management by trained and visible staff at the site or along roadways as required to ensure safe and convenient passage for the vehicular and pedestrian public; during operations, the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed, and equipment placed as far away from residential areas as possible; the records of waste disposal will be maintained as proof for proper management as designed; and whenever feasible the contractor will reuse and recycle appropriate and viable materials (except asbestos or other hazardous material).
Blood and blood substitutes: current practice. (1979)

We have seen that the vast majority of previously healthy patients can tolerate a significant reduction in red cell mass without adverse effect on oxygen consumption. For these patients, volume replenishment with electrolyte solutions will adequately restore blood volume and cardiac output. Colloid solutions offer no advantage over electrolyte solutions, certainly are more expensive and may even be harmful. For patients who need restoration of oxygen-carrying capacity, washed, packed red cell administration is the therapy of choice, and frozen, thawed red cells represent optimal utilization of a scarce commodity. Other components, such as fresh frozen plasma, factor VIII or IX concentrates and platelets, are not indicated unless a specific deficiency exists. Autologous blood, using one of the techniques described above, is a safe and effective means of replacing lost red cells in special circumstances. The use of these techniques, combined with realistic ordering of homologous blood for elective surgical procedures, should act in concert to relieve shortages of blood.
Advances in Islet Cell Transplantation: Is Science Closer to a Diabetes Cure? (1990)

RECENT ADVANCES in islet cell transplantation research may provide some encouragement for the long-held hope that a cure for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus someday may be possible. As has been pointed out by Gordon C. Weir, MD, and colleagues (<i>Diabetes</i>. 1990;39:401-405), "the lack of any successful human islet transplants has been very frustrating for participants and observers." Probably the most promising advance in this regard has been the recent achievement of at least temporary insulin independence in two patients in pilot studies at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Mo. At the 50th Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association, in Atlanta, Ga, David W. Scharp, MD, associate professor of surgery at Washington University, reported that the latest patient with diabetes to undergo islet transplantation at his center continued to be insulin independent several weeks after receiving the transplant. That patient is still free from having
Synthesis and Diels-Alder Reactions of Dienophiles with Pentafluoro-λ<sup>6</sup>-sulfanyl (SF<sub>5</sub>) Moiety (2006)

This paper describes a convenient and efficient synthesis of new dienophiles containing a pentafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl moiety. These compounds react readily with both cyclic and aliphatic electron-releasing dienes, leading to the formation of Diels-Alder cycloadducts.
A Novel Virtual Anchor Node-Based Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

The accuracy of localization is a significant criterion to evaluate the practical utility of localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks. In mostly localization algorithms, one of the main methods to improve localization accuracy is to increase the number of anchor nodes. But the number of anchor nodes is always limited because of the hardware restrict, such as cost, energy consumption and so on. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm with small extra logical overhead, which uses the shortest-hop path scheme to upgrade virtual anchor nodes, while the real number of physical anchors is the same as before. This algorithm firstly chooses out some special nodes from all the unknown ones to figure out more accurate positions of them, and then makes these ones as new virtual anchor nodes assist other unknowns in localizing together with the real anchors. The simulation results illustrate our algorithm has improved the accuracy of localization greatly.
Evaluation of shear bonding and reflective crack propagation in a geocomposite reinforced overlay (2017)

Geocomposites can be employed with an asphalt overlay to improve the service life of pavements and reduce reflective cracks. However, similar to other geosynthetic solutions, geocomposites can cause de-bonding between asphalt layers, thus reducing pavement longevity. This research focuses on factors that influence the initiation and propagation of shear bonding and reflective cracks in an asphalt overlay. Laboratory double-shear and pull-out tests are conducted, and the shear bonding and pull-out strength of geocomposites in asphalt specimens are calculated. The performance of each specimen in terms of reflective crack initiation and propagation are investigated. A power law model that relates crack propagation to the number of loadings is developed and verified. Observations of geocomposite sliding on the asphalt layer reveal that this phenomenon contributes less than 40% to the overall shear bonding. Analyses reveal that the number of required loading cycles to initiate reflective cracking and crack propagation varies exponentially with the shear bonding between the overlay and the existing layer. Therefore, overlay longevity declines rapidly with decreasing shear bond strength. The exponential relationship is valid irrespective of whether or not the normal load is applied on the interlayer surface. Moreover, the results indicate that temperature is the parameter with most influence on the shear bonding between the layers and the initiation and propagation of reflective cracks, while the tack-coat application rate and geocomposite grid size are less critical. Finally, this study reveals that the decrease in shear bonding between layers both increases the stress relief ability in the interlayer zone and decreases the reinforcement capacity of geocomposite grids. Increased shear bonding between the overlay and existing pavement increases the resistance to reflective cracking.
Continuous kinetic resolution catalysed by cross-linked enzyme aggregates, ‘CLEAs’, in supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2006)

We report the use of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs®) to catalyse the kinetic resolution of tetralol and 1-phenylethanol in a continuous supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) system. We describe the performance of the CLEA from Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) and compare this to the catalytic activity of Novozym 435 (CALB immobilised on a macroporous acrylic resin). In addition, we report a two-stage reaction with the kinetic resolution of 1-phenylethanol performed in series with the metal (Pd) catalysed hydrogenation of acetophenone. Reactions performed in series have a potential economic advantage as the second, and subsequent reactions do not require additional expenditure of energy for re-pressurization of solvent.
The development of laminar morphology during extrusion of polymer blends (1995)

Abstract Studies of the microstructure and permeability of extruded ribbons of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and polyethylene (PE)/polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) blends have shown that it is possible to control the flow‐induced morphology to generate discontinuous overlapping platelets of EVOH or PA‐6 dispersed phase in a PP or HDPE matrix phase. The effects of the following factors on morphology development and blend properties were considered: blending sequence, melt temperature, composition, compatibilizer level, die design, screw type, and cooling conditions. The impact properties and interfacial adhesion of laminar blends of PP and EVOH were improved without diminishing the barrier properties. The oxygen and toluene permeability of extruded samples with EVOH content of 25 vol% resembled values obtained with multilayer systems. Processing conditions had a major influence on the morphology of blends of high density polyethylene and polyamide‐6 (HDPE/PA‐6), and, under special processing conditions, laminar morphology was obtained in this system. The toluene permeability of extruded ribbons of HDPE/PA‐6 blends was in the range obtained with multilayer systems.
Activated protein C versus protein C in severe sepsis (2001)

The limited data available indicate that lower levels of protein C in sepsis occur in the absence of appreciable conversion to APC. These observations indicate that treatment with APC may be more efficacious than protein C in severe sepsis, where generalized endothelial dysfunction may impair conversion of protein C to APC. Additional research is required to confirm these observations.