gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hard-X-Ray Phase-Difference Microscopy Using a Fresnel Zone Plate and a Transmission Grating (2009)

Novel hard x-ray phase imaging microscopy that simply uses an objective and a transmission grating is described. The microscope generated an image that exhibited twin features of a sample with an opposite phase contrast having a separation of a specific distance. Furthermore, the twin features were processed to generate an image mapping the x-ray phase shift through a simple algorithm. The presence of the grating did not degrade the spatial resolution of the microscope. The sensitivity of our microscope to light elements was about 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the absorption contrast microscope that was attained by simply removing the grating. Our method is attractive for easily appending a quantitative phase-sensitive mode to normal x-ray microscopies, and it has potentially broad applications in biology and material sciences.
Heterogeneous silicon photonics sensing for autonomous cars [Invited] (2019)

Heterogeneous silicon photonics is uniquely positioned to address the photonic sensing needs of upcoming autonomous cars and provide the necessary cost reduction for widespread deployment. This is because it allows for wafer-scale active/passive integration, including optical sources. We present our recent research and the development of interferometric optical gyroscopes and LiDAR sensors. More specifically, we show a fully integrated gyroscope front-end occupying an area of only 4.5 mm<sup>2</sup>. We also show the first dense pitch optical phased array using heterogeneous phase shifters. The 4 µm pitch heterogeneous phase shifters provide very low V<sub>2π</sub> of only 0.35-1.4 V across 200 nm, low residual amplitude modulation of only 0.1-0.15 dB for 2π phase shift, extremely low static power consumption (<3 nW), and high speed (> 1 GHz). All of these factors make them ideal for next-generation LiDAR systems that employ optical phased arrays.
MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) Source Label (2014)

A MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) label was originally defined to
identify a Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC). A packet is assigned to
a specific FEC based on its network layer destination address, and
optionally Class of Service. It's difficult or even impossible to
derive the source identity information from the label. For some
applications, source identification is a critical requirement. For
example, performance monitoring, where the monitoring node needs to
identify where a packet was sent from. This document introduces the
concept of Source Identifier (SI) that identifies the ingress Label
Switching Router (LSR) of a Label Switched Path (LSP). A SI is unique
within a domain that is referred to as Source Identifier
Administrative Domain (SIAD). This document also introduces the
concept of Source Label (SL) that is carried in the label stack and
carries the SI of the ingress LSR of an LSP. Source Label is preceded
by a Source Label Indicator (SLI) when included the label stack and is
not used for forwarding.
La Ley 5/2011, de 29 de marzo, de Economía Social (2011)

espanolSiguiendo los pasos de la reciente Ley 2/2011, de 4 de marzo, de Economia Sostenible, el pasado abril entro en vigor la Ley 5/2011, de 29 de marzo, de Economia Social. El objetivo es doble: crear un marco juridico comun de actuacion para las entidades y empresas que componen la economia social y dotarles de una mayor visibilidad y reconocimiento. EnglishFollowing the trail of Law 2/2011, of March 4, on Sustainable Economy, Law 5/2011 of March 29, on Social Economy entered into force the past April. The objective is twofold: to create a legal frame for the entities and companies which make up the social economy and to grant them more visibility and recognition.
LETTER (2003)

I am an American Cancer Society Navigator. Another staff member recently called my attention to Dr. Simone's article. Great article, great concept. I would like to mention one correction, though: On page 5, point #4 of “Options to Consider” reads: “Nonprofit agencies like the American Cancer Society currently are testing such an approach using trained volunteers.” In fact, the American Cancer Society employs both Regional Navigators and Health Systems Navigators in four states—Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and South Dakota. American Cancer Society Navigators have been serving cancer patients and their families since 1999. For additional information on the Navigator role within the American Cancer Society, please visit our Web site at www.cancer.org. Thank you for your deep passion and advocacy efforts regarding the Navigator concept. Trish Larson American Cancer Society Navigator Marshfield Clinic Cancer Care 3A2 Marshfield, Wisconsin
Millimeter-Wave Frequency Radio over Fiber Systems: A Survey (2013)

In recent years considerable attention has been devoted to the merging of radio frequency and optical fiber technologies aiming to the distribution of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signals. This effort has given birth to the field of Radio over Fiber (RoF) technologies and systems. This sort of systems have a great potential to support secure, cost-effective, and high-capacity vehicular/mobile/wireless access for the future provisioning of broadband, interactive, and multimedia wireless services. In this paper we present a comprehensive review of mm-wave frequency RoF systems. In our integral approach, we identified the most important figures of merit of an RoF system, which is divided into three main subsystems: Central Station (CS), Optical Distribution Network (ODN) and Base Station (BS). In each subsystem, the most promising technologies are classified: downlink transmission techniques at the CS, ODN architectures, and optical configurations of the BS. The impact of technology choice on the overall system performance is discussed, and the figures of merit are studied and used to assess the subsystem's performance. Finally, we suggest technological opportunities and future developments that should be attracting the attention of researchers and developers.
Application-oriented Networking through Virtualization and Service Composition (2011)

Future networks will face major challenges in accommodating emerging and future networked applications. These challenges include significant architecture and management issues pertaining to future networks. In this thesis, we study several of these challenges including issues such as configurability, application-awareness, rapid application-creation and deployment and scalable QoS management. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Application-Oriented Network (AON) architecture as a converged computing and communication network in which application providers are able to flexibly configure in-network resources on-demand. The resources in AON are virtualized and offered to the application providers through service-oriented approaches.\n\nTo enable large-scale experimentation with future network architectures and applications, in the second part of this thesis, we present the Virtualized Application Networking Infrastructure (VANI) as a prototype of an Application-Oriented Network. VANI utilizes a service-oriented control and management plane that provides flexible and dynamic allocation, release, program and configuration of resources used for creating applications or performing network research experiments from layer three and up. Moreover, VANI resources allow development of network architectures that require a converged network of computing and communications resources such as in-network processing, storage and software and hardware-based reprogrammable resources. We also present a Distributed Ethernet Traffic Shaping (DETS) system used in bandwidth virtualization in VANI and designed to guarantee the send and receive Ethernet traffic rates in VANI, in a computing cluster or a datacenter.\n\nThe third part of this thesis addresses the problem of scalable QoS and admission control in service-oriented environments where a limited number of instances of service components are shared among different application classes. We first use Markov Decision Processes to find optimal solutions to this problem. Next we present a scalable and distributed heuristic algorithm able to guarantee probability of successful completion of a composite application. The proposed algorithm does not assume a specific distribution type for services execution times and applications request inter-arrival times, and hence is suitable for systems with stationary or non-stationary request arrivals.\nWe use simulations and experimental measurements to show the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and algorithms in various parts of this thesis.
Construction and Reactivity Screening of a Surface Composition Gradient for Combinatorial Discovery of Electro-Oxidation Catalysts (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTConstruction and Reactivity Screening of a Surface Composition Gradient for Combinatorial Discovery of Electro-Oxidation CatalystsShrisudersan Jayaraman and Andrew C. HillierView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-2230 Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2004, 6, 1, 27–31Publication Date (Web):November 20, 2003Publication History Received16 July 2003Published online20 November 2003Published inissue 1 January 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc034030khttps://doi.org/10.1021/cc034030kbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrogen,Oxidation,Platinum,Reactivity Get e-Alerts
High-voltage positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (2017)

The ever-growing demand for advanced rechargeable lithium-ion batteries in portable electronics and electric vehicles has spurred intensive research efforts on high-voltage positive electrode materials over the past decade.
NIR-to-visible upconversion nanoparticles for fluorescent labeling and targeted delivery of siRNA (2009)

Near-infrared (NIR)-to-visible upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles were synthesized and used for imaging and targeted delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to cancer cells. Silica-coated NaYF(4) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs) co-doped with lanthanide ions (Yb/Er) were synthesized. Folic acid and anti-Her2 antibody conjugated UCNs were used to fluorescently label the folate receptors of HT-29 cells and Her2 receptors of SK-BR-3 cells, respectively. The intracellular uptake of the folic acid and antibody conjugated UCNs was visualized using a confocal fluorescence microscope equipped with an NIR laser. siRNA was attached to anti-Her2 antibody conjugated UCNs and the delivery of these nanoparticles to SK-BR-3 cells was studied. Meanwhile, a luciferase assay was established to confirm the gene silencing effect of siRNA. Upconversion nanoparticles can serve as a fluorescent probe and delivery system for simultaneous imaging and delivery of biological molecules.
Neuronal Leucine-rich Repeat Protein-3 Amplifies MAPK Activation by Epidermal Growth Factor through a Carboxyl-terminal Region Containing Endocytosis Motifs (2002)

Neuronal leucine-rich repeat protein-3 (NLRR-3) belongs to the LRR superfamily. Expression of rat NLRR-3 gene isolated from c-Ha-ras transgenic rat tumor is regulated mainly through the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway. NLRR-3 was found to enhance phosphorylation of MAPK when COS-7 cells were transfected with NLRR-3 and stimulated with a low concentration (0.01 ng/ml) of epidermal growth factor (EGF), but the amplification of MAPK phosphorylation by NLRR-3 was no longer observed when the carboxyl-terminal 30 amino acid stretch containing clathrin-mediated endocytosis motifs was deleted. A green fluorescent protein-tagged NLRR-3 localized at the plasma membrane was efficiently internalized in COS-7 cells, but internalization of a carboxyl-terminal-deleted version (NLRRDeltaC) was less efficient. The presence of clathrin-adaptor protein complexes containing NLRR-3 in brain lysate was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, and affinity column chromatography revealed that the carboxyl-terminal region of NLRR-3 interacts with beta-adaptin. We propose that NLRR-3 potentiates Ras-MAPK signaling by facilitating internalization of EGF in clathrin-coated vesicles.
Hands-on electronics : a one-semester course for class instruction or self-study (2003)

Packed full of real circuits to build and test, Hands-On Electronics is a unique introduction to analog and digital electronics theory and practice. Ideal both as a college textbook and for self-study, the friendly style, clear illustrations and construction details included in the book encourage rapid and effective learning of analog and digital circuit design theory. All the major topics for a typical one semester course are covered including RC circuits, diodes, transistors, op-amps, oscillators, TTL logic, counters, D/A converters and more. There are also chapters explaining how to use the equipment needed for the examples (oscilloscope, multimeter and breadboard) together with pin-out diagrams and manufacturers' specifications for all the key components referred to in the book
Changes in the thickness of leg muscles before and after laparotomy (2005)

In order to establish an objective and convenient technique to assess postoperative recovery following laparotomy, in particular activities of daily living, we measured the thickness of muscle tissues by ultrasound sonography. In the present study, the following four muscular compartments were selected: rectus femoris, biceps femoris, extensor digitorum longus, and soleus. These account for a large portion of the systemic skeletal musculature and are important for locomotion. Subjects were 28 patients who underwent moderately invasive surgery for stomach or colon cancer. The results showed that muscle thickness decreased significantly in all four compartments. Rectus femoris exhibited the greatest reduction in thickness and was most affected by short-term or long-term recumbency. Furthermore, for soleus, the tendency was that the longer the recumbency, the greater the wasting. These findings suggest that, of the four areas of the lower limb, rectus femoris is most affected by short-term recumbency and is most suited for objectively assessing postoperative recovery. The results of the present study suggest that it would be effective to design a recovery program focused on maintaining the femoral extensor muscles, which are most affected by short-term recumbency following laparotomy.
Characterization of zebrafish caspase-3 and induction of apoptosis through ceramide generation in fish fathead minnow tailbud cells and zebrafish embryo (2001)

Caspase-3 was cloned from zebrafish embryos and its properties were characterized to identify the biological implications of caspase in embryogenesis and apoptosis in zebrafish, which is a model organism in vertebrate developmental biology and genetics. The predicted amino acid sequence, totalling 282 amino acid residues, consisted of the prodomain and large and small subunits. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the cloned zebrafish caspase was a member of the caspase-3 subfamily with approx. 60% identity with caspase-3 from Xenopus, chicken and mammals. In addition, recombinant zebrafish caspase hydrolysed acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide, and exhibited similar substrate specificity to the mammalian caspase-3 subfamily. Therefore this caspase was designated zebrafish caspase-3. Overexpression of zebrafish caspase-3 induced apoptosis and increased ceramide levels in fish fathead minnow tailbud cells and zebrafish embryos. Both ceramide generation and apoptosis induction were inhibited by treatment with a caspase inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone. Moreover, zebrafish caspase-3 mRNA was present in early embryos up to the 1000-cell stage as a maternal factor, and was then expressed throughout the body after the gastrula stage by zygotic expression. These findings indicate that the isolated caspase-3 plays an important role in the induction of ceramide generation as well as apoptosis in fish cells and the zebrafish embryo, and suggest that caspase-3 functions as a modulator of the pro-apoptotic signal in development.
Chemical Studies on Antioxidant Mechanism of Curcumin:  Analysis of Oxidative Coupling Products from Curcumin and Linoleate (2001)

As a part of a research project on the antioxidant mechanism of natural phenolics in food components, curcumin, a turmeric antioxidant, was investigated in the presence of ethyl linoleate as one of the polyunsaturated lipids. During the antioxidation process, curcumin reacted with four types of linoleate peroxyl radicals. Six reaction products were observed in the reaction and subsequently isolated. Their structures were determined by physical techniques, revealing that they have novel tricyclic structures, including a peroxyl linkage. On the basis of the formation pathway for their chemical structures, an antioxidant mechanism of curcumin in polyunsaturated lipids was proposed, which consisted of an oxidative coupling reaction at the 3'-position of the curcumin with the lipid and a subsequent intramolecular Diels--Alder reaction.
Back-end compatibility of bonding and thinning processes for a wafer-level 3D interconnect technology platform (2004)

A previously proposed wafer-level 3D IC technology platform has been extensively evaluated for compatibility with conventional IC packaging. Results demonstrate that the dielectric glue bonding using benzocyclobutene (BCB) is compatible with conventional wafer sawing techniques, and that the bond adhesion strength is unaffected by die-level autoclave and thermal shock testing. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) results show that the stress levels in 70 nm or 140 nm thick silicon SOI layers had no appreciable change after BCB bonding and wafer-thinning.
Effects of anti-VISTA mAb and its combination therapy in antitumor immunity (TUM2P.1035) (2015)

Abstract [Purpose] V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immune checkpoint molecule that regulate T-cell activation. VISTA is expressed on both T cells and antigen-presenting cells. In this study, we generated a new mAb against VISTA (MIH63) and examined effects of monotherapy and combined therapy with either CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade in murine SCCVII and CT26 tumor models. [Results] In a SCCVII tumor model, VISTA was expressed on all TIL and regional lymph node (rLN) T cells, whereas CTLA-4 was selectively induced in all CD8⁺ TIL and LN cells and PD-1 was induced on some T cells. Monotherapy with MIH63 did not clearly affect the growth of SCCVII and CT26, but significantly elevated CD8+ T cell activation assessed by CD25, IFN-g and TNF-a expression. MIH63 significantly reduced the number of CD8+ T cells. Monotherapy of CTLA-4 blockade efficiently reduced the tumor growth and a combination therapy with MIH63 further decreased the tumor growth. Consistently, MIH63 in the combination therapies enhanced CD8+ T cell activation, but decreased the ratio of CD8+ T cells. Blockade of FcγR by 2.4G2 restored the depletion of CD8+ T cells by MIH63, but not the CD8+ T cell activation. [Discussion] Our results suggest that MIH63 mainly acts as an antagonistic mAb to interfere regulatory function of VISTA, but in some part, induce CD8+ T cell-depletion via FcγR-mediated ADCC. The use of non-depleting anti-VISTA mAb may develop more effective results in the VISTA blockade.
<i>CUL7</i> Is a Novel Antiapoptotic Oncogene (2007)

Using an expression cloning approach, we identify CUL7, a member of the cullin family, as a functional inhibitor of Myc-induced apoptosis. Deregulated expression of the Myc oncogene drives cellular proliferation yet also sensitizes cells to undergo p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis. Here, we report that CUL7 exerts its antiapoptotic function through p53. CUL7 binds directly to p53, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CUL7 results in the elevation of p53 protein levels. This antiapoptotic role of CUL7 enables this novel oncogene to cooperate with Myc to drive transformation. Deregulated ectopic expression of c-Myc and CUL7 promotes Rat1a cell growth in soft agar, and knockdown of CUL7 significantly blocks human neuroblastoma SHEP cell growth in an anchorage-independent manner. Furthermore, using public microarray data sets, we show that CUL7 mRNA is significantly overexpressed in non-small cell lung carcinoma and is associated with poor patient prognosis. We provide experimental evidence to show CUL7 is a new oncogene that cooperates with Myc in transformation by blocking Myc-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner.
Cloning, mutagenesis, and physiological effect of a hydroxypyruvate reductase gene from Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 (1992)

The gene encoding the serine cycle hydroxypyruvate reductase of Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 was isolated by using a synthetic oligonucleotide with a sequence based on a known N-terminal amino acid sequence. The cloned gene was inactivated by insertion of a kanamycin resistance gene, and recombination of this insertion derivative with the wild-type gene produced a serine cycle hydroxypyruvate reductase null mutant. This mutant had lost its ability to grow on C-1 compounds but retained the ability to grow on C-2 compounds, showing that the hydroxypyruvate reductase operating in the serine cycle is not involved in the conversion of acetyl coenzyme A to glycine as previously proposed. A second hydroxypyruvate-reducing enzyme with a low level of activity was found in M. extorquens AM1; this enzyme was able to interconvert glyoxylate and glycollate. The gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase was shown to be located about 3 kb upstream of two other serine cycles genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and malyl coenzyme A lyase.
Catalytic hydrogenation of soybean oil with Rh(l) dihydride complexes as catalysts (1981)

Abstract Cationic rhodium(I) complexes of the type [NBD Rh L 2 ] + [C1O 4 ] − (NBD = norbornadiene and L = diphenylphosphinoethane or triphenylphosphine) have been studied as catalysts for the hydrogenation of soybean oil. These catalysts give a good yield of products with cis‐configuration. Indeed, hydrogenation could be performed under mild conditions (30 C, 1 atm hydrogen pressure) to an iodine value of 80 with not more than 12% of trans monoenes and only 5% conjugated isomers formed. The results obtained are interpreted on the basis of the equilibrium H 2 RhL n + ⇌HRhL n +H + . By the addition of acid (HClO 4 ) the bishydrido form of the catalyst could be studied. With this system only small amounts of trans monoenes were formed and no other trans isomers could be detected. By the addition of a base such as triethylamine, the monohydridic form of the catalyst could be studied. In contrast to the bishydrido complex, this system gave large amounts of trans monoenes, together with cis‐trans and trans‐trans forms of the 18:2 acid. With both forms of the catalyst system, conjugated isomers were formed.