gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genes Specific for the Biosynthesis of Clavam Metabolites Antipodal to Clavulanic Acid Are Clustered with the Gene for Clavaminate Synthase 1 in <i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i> (1999)

Portions of the Streptomyces clavuligerus chromosome flanking cas1, which encodes the clavaminate synthase 1 isoenzyme (CAS1), have been cloned and sequenced. Mutants of S. clavuligerus disrupted in cvm1, the open reading frame located immediately upstream of cas1, were constructed by a gene replacement procedure. Similar techniques were used to generate S. clavuligerus mutants carrying a deletion that encompassed portions of the two open reading frames, cvm4 and cvm5, located directly downstream of cas1. Both classes of mutants still produced clavulanic acid and cephamycin C but lost the ability to synthesize the antipodal clavam metabolites clavam-2-carboxylate, 2-hydroxymethyl-clavam, and 2-alanylclavam. These results suggested that cas1 is clustered with genes essential and specific for clavam metabolite biosynthesis. When a cas1 mutant of S. clavuligerus was constructed by gene replacement, it produced lower levels of both clavulanic acid and most of the antipodal clavams except for 2-alanylclavam. However, a double mutant of S. clavuligerus disrupted in both cas1 and cas2 produced neither clavulanic acid nor any of the antipodal clavams, including 2-alanylclavam. This outcome was consistent with the contribution of both CAS1 and CAS2 to a common pool of clavaminic acid that is shunted toward clavulanic acid and clavam metabolite biosynthesis.
Laboratory Studies Concerning the Enamel and Dentin Abrasion Properties of Common Dentifrice Polishing Agents (1968)

In view of the meager amount of information available concerning commercially available dentifrices, a study was conducted to evaluate 43 dentifrices with regard to abrasion to enamel and dentin and enamel polishing ability. The results indicated a wide range of abrasiveness and polishing ability.
Millimeter Long Grating Coupler with Uniform Spatial Output (2017)

We demonstrate a millimeter long grating coupler with uniform spatial output based on a platform formed by both silicon and Si3N4 and engineered grating duty cycle to match a desired profile of the output beam.
Solar cell. [array of cell on common substrate] (1978)

An improved solar cell designed for optimum efficiency is comprised of a plurality of series connected unit solar cells formed from a common substrate of semiconductor material. Each unit solar cell has spaced elongate sidewalls, and a dead space area between adjoining sidewalls of adjacent units is made substantially smaller than an active, light receiving area, extending between the opposite sidewalls of each individual unit. In addition, the width of the active area is concisely limited to ensure that radiation incident on the active area is incident at a point which is spaced from the p-n junction of each unit by no more than a predetermined optimum distance. Reducing the dead space area while concisely limiting the width of the active area provides improved solar cell performance without requiring focusing lenses.
2D focal plane steerable and scalable cortical filters [image sensor] (2003)

We describe a 25/spl times/25 pixel image sensor which spatially filters a set of input currents supplied by an array of phototransistors by two orientation selective image filters. The filters are similar to even and odd Gabor filters, which have been used to model the receptive fields of neurons in the visual cortex. The circuit architecture implementing the image filter consists of two resistive networks which are coupled by transconductance amplifiers. The tuned orientation can be steered and the filter response scaled by adjusting the conductances of the resistors and gains of the transconductance amplifiers. The architecture implemented here is a 2D extension of a previous 1D architecture with some modifications which enable one chip to implement filters of arbitrary orientation.
Evidence for rotation of V <sub>1</sub> -ATPase (2003)

V(o)V(1)-ATPase is responsible for acidification of eukaryotic intracellular compartments and ATP synthesis of Archaea and some eubacteria. From the similarity to F(o)F(1)-ATP synthase, V(o)V(1)-ATPase has been assumed to be a rotary motor, but to date there are no experimental data to support this. Here we visualized the rotation of single molecules of V(1)-ATPase, a catalytic subcomplex of V(o)V(1)-ATPase. V(1)-ATPase from Thermus thermophilus was immobilized onto a glass surface, and a bead was attached to the D or F subunit through the biotin-streptavidin linkage. In both cases we observed ATP-dependent rotations of beads, the direction of which was always counterclockwise viewed from the membrane side. Given that three ATP molecules are hydrolyzed per one revolution, rates of rotation agree consistently with rates of ATP hydrolysis at saturating ATP concentrations. This study provides experimental evidence that V(o)V(1)-ATPase is a rotary motor and that both D and F subunits constitute a rotor shaft.
TCP performance improvement in mobile networks with coverage problems (2013)

Due to the evolution of mobile technology and the emergence of terminals like smart phones, Internet based applications mostly accessed over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) have become dominant on mobile platforms. However, since the TCP flow control mechanisms were designed for wired environments, short-term degradations on the air interface of radio access systems may lead to unnecessary performance drops. TCP freeze is a possible solution to improve such situations by triggering the persist mode of the TCP sender, preventing TCP timeouts and rate reductions during poor radio conditions. This paper investigates a network element based implementation of the TCP freeze mechanism, which has the advantage that it can accurately follow the radio conditions of the User Equipments (UE) while being completely transparent to the TCP sender and receiver. The possible performance gain of the solution was investigated by simulating a network with coverage holes. Results indicate that the network side freeze can considerably reduce the time the TCP connections spend in outage and thus it can increase the responsivity and data throughput provided by the system.
Noninvasive Detection of Thin-Liquid Aspiration Using Dual-Axis Swallowing Accelerometry (2012)

Aspiration (the entry of foreign contents into the upper airway) is a serious concern for individuals with dysphagia and can lead to pneumonia. However, overt signs of aspiration, such as cough, are not always present, making noninstrumental diagnosis challenging. Valid, reliable tools for detecting aspiration during clinical screening and assessment are needed. In this study we investigated the validity of a noninvasive accelerometry signal-processing classifier for detecting aspiration. Dual-axis cervical accelerometry signals were collected from 40 adults on thin-liquid swallowing tasks during videofluoroscopic swallowing examinations. Signal-processing algorithms were used to remove known sources of artifact and a classifier was trained to identify signals associated with penetration-aspiration. Validity was measured in comparison to blinded ratings of penetration-aspiration from the concurrently recorded videofluoroscopies. On a bolus-by-bolus basis, the accelerometry classifier had a 10 % false-negative rate (90 % sensitivity) and a 23 % false-positive rate (77 % specificity) for detecting penetration-aspiration. We conclude that accelerometry can be used to support valid, reliable, and efficient detection of aspiration risk in patients with suspected dysphagia.
Rugged SAR optronic SAR processing through wavefront compensation and its digital analogy (2012)

On-board SAR processing requires a certain level of ruggedness; that is, the processor must not only process the incoming raw data faster than it enters, but also correct for phase errors without slowing down the processing speed. The source and effects of phase errors have been well described in digital SAR processing theory. However, in the domain of optical SAR processing, phase errors give rise to variations in the propagating wavefront. Wavefront error compensation techniques may thus be used to produce an aberration-free wavefront that propogates to a diffraction-limited point at its focal plane. This paper discusses such a wavefront compensation technique that has been implemented in an optronic SAR processor prototype. As well, the analogy between wavefront compensation and digital phase correction is discussed.
GAN-based AI Drawing Board for Image Generation and Colorization (2020)

We propose a GAN(Generative Adversarial Networks)-based drawing board which takes the semantic (by segmentation) and color tone (by strokes) inputs from users and automatically generates paintings. Our approach is built on a novel and lightweight feature embedding which incorporates the colorization effects into the painting generation process. Unlike the existing GAN-based image generation models which take semantics input, our drawing board has the ability to edit the local colors after generation. Our method samples the color information from users’ strokes as extra input, then feeds it into a GAN model for conditional generation. We enable the creation of pictures or paintings with semantics and color control in real-time.
Selective-partial-update proportionate normalized least-mean-squares algorithm for network echo cancellation (2002)

A reduced-complexity, fast converging adaptive filtering algorithm is developed for network echo cancellation applications in sparse echo paths. The new algorithm—selective-partial-update proportionate NLMS—is based on the proportionate NLMS (PNLMS) algorithm and selective partial updating of the adaptive filter coefficients. PNLMS exploits the sparseness of the channel to speed up the initial convergence of the NLMS algorithm by weighting the regressor data proportionately with the estimated magnitude of the channel impulse response. Selective partial updating is essentially a data selection method to reduce the computational complexity. The performance of selective-partial-update PNLMS is compared with PNLMS for echo paths specified in ITU-T Recommendation G.168, and selective-partial-update PNLMS is observed to maintain the convergence speed of PNLMS at a reduced computational complexity.
A Novel Architecture of Delta-Sigma Modulator Enabling All-Digital Multiband Multistandard RF Transmitters Design (2008)

This paper proposes a new architecture of delta-sigma (DS) modulator suitable for RF digital transmitter design. This novel architecture considerably reduces the speed requirements of the digital signal processing block. The novelty lies in the implementation of a specific fully digital up-conversion in combination with a low-pass DS modulator to produce high-frequency digital-like signals, which can be used to drive highly efficient switching-mode power amplifiers. The proposed architecture is suitable for reconfigurable all-digital, multistandard and multiband wireless transmitters. The novel transmitter architecture has been validated using simulation and implemented on a field-programmable gate array development board for two different signals, code division multiple access and orthogonal frequency division multiplex.
Quantitative Analysis of Cereulide, an Emetic Toxin of <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, by Using Rat Liver Mitochondria (2005)

An emetic toxin cereulide, produced by Bacillus cereus, causes emetic food poisonings, but a method for quantitative measurement of cereulide has not been well established. A current detection method is a bioassay method using the HEp-2 cell vacuolation test, but it was unable to measure an accurate concentration. We established a quantitative assay for cereulide based on its mitochondrial respiratory uncoupling activity. The oxygen consumption in a reaction medium containing rat liver mitochondria was rapid in the presence of cereulide. Thus uncoupling effect of cereulide on mitochondrial respiration was similar to those of uncouplers 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and valinomycin. This method gave constant results over a wide range of cereulide concentrations, ranging from 0.05 to 100 microg/ml. The minimum cereulide concentration to detect uncoupled oxygen consumption was 50 ng/ml and increased dose-dependently to the maximum level. Semi-log relationship between the oxygen consumption rate and the cereulide concentration enables this method to quantify cereulide. The results of this method were highly reproducible as compared with the HEp-2 cell vacuolation test and were in good agreement with those of the HEp-2 cell vacuolation test. The enterotoxin of B. cereus or Staphylococcus aureus did not show any effect on the oxygen consumption, indicating this method is specific for the identification of cereulide as a causative agent of emetic food poisonings.
Fabrication of Porous Cast-Iron Bonded Diamond Grinding Wheels and Their Evaluation to Grind Hard-to-Grind Ceramics (1996)

Porous cast-iron bonded diamond grinding wheels were fabricated and tested. Diamond grains of #100/120 were used as abrasive grains. Atomized cast-iron of various grain-sizes and carbon contents was used as bonding material. The capsule-free hot isostatic press (HIP) method was employed to obtain high mechanical strength and high porosity. Grinding tests were conducted under constant pressure grinding (CPG) conditions to avoid influences of Young's modulus of different grinding wheels and stiffness of grinding machines. The grinding ratio, grinding force and specific grinding energy were evaluated for the new and other commercial grinding wheels. Alumina and silicon nitride were ground for the evaluation. Grinding wheels bonded by cast-iron of low carbon content, i.e., 3.11mass%, and finer grain size, i.e., less than 20μm, had higher grindability. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed evidence of reaction between the diamond grains and the cast-iron particles, i.e., and diffusion of carbon from the diamond grains to the cast-iron particles. The total volume of diffused carbon from diamond to cast-iron affected the grindability. The porous cast-iron bonded grinding wheels showed an extremely higher grinding ratio and lower specific grinding energy than commercial resinoid wheels, vitrified wheels, and non-porous cast-iron bonded wheels.
Real-time depth measurement in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry via differential interferometric profiling (2017)

We developed an <italic>in situ</italic> measurement technique implemented on a Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES) instrument, which provides the depth information during the profiling process.
Acute reperfusion intramyocardial hemorrhage leads to regional chronic iron deposition in the heart (2013)

Intramyocardial hemorrhage commonly occurs in large reperfused myocardial infarctions. However, its long-term fate remains unexplored. We hypothesized that acute reperfusion intramyocardial hemorrhage leads to chronic iron deposition.
Evaluation of Different Stationary Phases in the Separation of Inter-Cross-Linked Peptides (2019)

Chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is becoming a routinely and widely used technique for depicting and constructing protein structures and protein interaction networks. One major challenge for cross-linking/MS is the determination of informative low-abundant inter-cross-linked products, generated within a sample of high complexity. A C18 stationary phase is the conventional means for reversed-phase (RP) separation of inter-cross-linked peptides. Various RP stationary phases, which provide different selectivities and retentions, have been developed as alternatives to C18 stationary phases. In this study, two phenyl-based columns, biphenyl and fluorophenyl, were investigated and compared with a C18 phase for separating BS<sup>3</sup> (bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate) cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA) and myoglobin by bottom-up proteomics. Fractions from the three columns were collected and analyzed in a linear ion trap (LIT) mass spectrometer for improving detection of low abundant inter-cross-linked peptides. Among these three columns, the fluorophenyl column provides additional ion-exchange interaction and exhibits unique retention in separating the cross-linked peptides. The fractioned data was analyzed in pLink, showing the fluorophenyl column consistently obtained more inter-cross-linked peptide identifications than both C18 and biphenyl columns. For the BSA cross-linked sample, the identified inter-cross-linked peptide numbers of the fluorophenyl to C18 column are 136 to 102 in "low confident" results and 11 to 6 in "high confident" results. The fluorophenyl column could potentially be a better alternative for targeting the low stoichiometric inter-cross-linked peptides.
Energy Harvesting From Hydraulic Pressure Fluctuations (2012)

State-of-the-art hydraulic hose and piping systems employ integral sensor nodes for structural health monitoring in order to avoid catastrophic failures. These systems lend themselves to energy harvesting for powering sensor nodes. The foremost reason is that the power intensity of hydraulic systems is orders of magnitude higher than typical energy harvesting sources considered to date, such as wind turbulence, water flow, or vibrations of civil structures. Hydraulic systems inherently have a high energy intensity associated with the mean pressure and flow. Accompanying the mean pressure is what is termed dynamic pressure ripple caused by the action of pumps and actuators. Pressure ripple is conducive to energy harvesting as it is a deterministic source with an almost periodic time domain behavior. Pressure ripple generally increases in magnitude with the mean pressure of the system, which in turn increases the power that can be harvested. The harvested energy in hydraulic systems could enable self-powered wireless sensor nodes for applications such as energy-autonomous structural health monitoring and prognosis. An energy harvester prototype was designed for generating low-power electricity from dynamic pressure ripples. The prototype employed an axially-poled off-the-shelf piezoelectric stack. A housing isolated the stack from the hydraulic fluid while maintaining mechanical coupling to the system to allow for dynamic pressure induced deflection of the stack. The system exhibits an attractive off-resonance energy harvesting problem since the fundamental resonance of the piezoelectric stack is much higher than the frequency content of ripple. Although the energy harvester is not excited at resonance, the high energy intensity of the ripple results in significant electrical power output. The prototype provided a maximum output of 1.2 mW at 120Ω. With these results, it is clear that the energy harvester provides non-negligible power output suitable for powering sensors and other low power components. This work also presents electromechanical model simulations for predicting the piezoelectric power output in terms of the force transmitted from the pressure ripple as well as experimental characterization of the power output as a function of the force from the ripple.
Characterization of Nitrile Hydratase Genes Cloned by DNA Screeing from<i>Rhodococcus erythropolis</i> (1993)

Southern hybridization analysis using the genes encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. N-774 as probe suggested that two R. erythropolis strains, JCM6823 and JCM2892, among 31 strains mainly from Japan Culture of Microorganisms (JCM) have NHase genes. Restriction analysis of DNA fragments showing positive hybridization showed that each fragment carried a nucleotide sequence very similar to that of the NHase genes from Rhodococcus sp. N-774. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the DNA fragment cloned from R. erythropolis JCM6823 showed the presence of the genes encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of NHase, which show 94.7% and 96.2% identity in amino acid sequence to those of Rhodococcus sp. N-774, respectively, as well as a C-terminal portion of the amidase gene upstream from these genes. Despite the extremely high amino acid sequence similarity in both NHases and amidases from R. erythropolis JCM6823 and Rhodococcus sp. N-774, the NHases and amidases from R. erythropolis strains showed broader substrate specificity when compared to those from Rhodococcus sp. N-774. This suggests that a very limited number of amino acid residues are responsible for the difference in substrate specificity. Although the NHase of Rhodococcus sp. N-774 are constitutively produced, the NHases of both R. erythropolis strains were inducibly produced by addition of epsilon-caprolactam as an inducer.
Identification of eNAP-1, an antimicrobial peptide from equine neutrophils (1992)

Endogenous, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides known as defensins are prominent components of human, rabbit, and rat neutrophils, yet little is known about their occurrence in other mammalian species. Although we did not detect mature (i.e., processed) defensins in equine neutrophil granules, we found that these granules contained small amounts of other cysteine-rich peptides with antimicrobial activity. One of these, eNAP-1, was purified by a combination of gel permeation and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography from acid extracts prepared from the cytoplasmic granules of equine neutrophils. The molecular mass of eNAP-1 was approximately 7.2 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Amino acid analysis revealed that eNAP-1 had an unusually high cysteine content and that it was relatively enriched in alanine, glycine, lysine, and proline residues. The partial (N-terminal) amino acid sequence of eNAP-1 was DVQCGEGHFCHDXQTCCRASQGGXACCPYSQGVCCADQRHCCPVGF. Thirty-six of these residues (78.3%) were identical to those of a recently cloned human neutrophil peptide of unknown function and belonging to the granulin family. Homologous peptides have also been noted in rat bone marrow cells and rat kidney epithelins. We tested the ability of eNAP-1 to kill several equine uterine pathogens. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was killed most effectively, sustaining a greater than 99.8% decrease in CFU per milliliter after a 2-h exposure to 100 micrograms of eNAP-1 per ml (approximately 15 microM). Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were somewhat less susceptible, manifesting 87.0 and 87.1% mean decreases in CFU per milliliter, respectively, after incubation for 2 h with 200 micrograms of eNAP-1 per ml. Klebsiella pneumoniae numbers were not significantly reduced after exposure to eNAP-1. These antimicrobial properties suggest that eNAP-1 may contribute to phagocyte-mediated host defense against equine infections.
Compatible 8.5-Gbyte double-layer recordable DVD disc (2004)

A single-sided double-layer recordable DVD disc with a storage capacity of 8.5 Gbyte has been developed. Backwards compatibility with the existing DVD read-only format has been achieved through the use of organic dye recording layers that have intrinsically low absorption at laser's wavelength used for recording and reading. We describe the disc technology that we have developed, present recording results for both layers, and discuss double-layer effects. We demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of a compatible double-layer recordable DVD disc.
Generalized resource allocation for the cloud (2012)

Resource allocation is an integral, evolving part of many data center management problems such as virtual machine placement in data centers, network virtualization, and multi-path network routing. Since the problems are inherently NP-Hard, most existing systems use custom-designed heuristics to find a suitable solution. However, such heuristics are often rigid, making it difficult to extend them as requirements change.