gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian, Exemplar-Based Approach to Hierarchical Shape Matching (2007)

This paper presents a novel probabilistic approach to hierarchical, exemplar-based shape matching. No feature correspondence is needed among exemplars, just a suitable pairwise similarity measure. The approach uses a template tree to efficiently represent and match the variety of shape exemplars. The tree is generated offline by a bottom-up clustering approach using stochastic optimization. Online matching involves a simultaneous coarse-to-fine approach over the template tree and over the transformation parameters. The main contribution of this paper is a Bayesian model to estimate the a posteriori probability of the object class, after a certain match at a node of the tree. This model takes into account object scale and saliency and allows for a principled setting of the matching thresholds such that unpromising paths in the tree traversal process are eliminated early on. The proposed approach was tested in a variety of application domains. Here, results are presented on one of the more challenging domains: real-time pedestrian detection from a moving vehicle. A significant speed-up is obtained when comparing the proposed probabilistic matching approach with a manually tuned nonprobabilistic variant, both utilizing the same template tree structure.
Technique for registering 3D virtual CT images to endoscopic video (2002)

We present a multi-modal image registration technique that matches virtual surface renderings, derived from 3D medical data, to corresponding endoscopic video. Our efforts focus on the chest. The views of the two image sources arise from inside the major bronchial airways, as shown in 3D CT chest images and live endoscopic video. Our technique is part of a large system for two-stage assessment of lung cancer. Stage-1 involves 3D CT assessment, which gives planning data for endoscopy. Stage-2 involves live endoscopy, supplemented by CT-based guidance. The registration technique is a critical component of this assessment. The technique draws upon the concept of normalized mutual information (NMI) and works in near real time on standard PCs. An optimization procedure iteratively adjusts the virtual viewpoint rendering until it matches a given video frame's viewpoint. The optimization technique ends when the NMI is maximized. Results are given for phantom and human cases.
Evaluation methodologies for the NB-IOT system: Issues and ongoing efforts (2017)

The recently standardized Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IOT) is expected to become a disruptive technology in the IoT market. The low cost, manageability, and reliability offered by a Mobile Network Operator (MNO) can be the enabler for the widespread acceptance and deployment of IoT devices. In this market phase, network planning plays a crucial role in the possible services forecast, with obvious consequences on the market analysis by the MNO. Moreover, there are many possible improvements in the NB-IOT device management, which are intentionally left as implementation dependent elements. As a consequence, it is necessary to evaluate the performances of an NB-IOT system, both for scientific and deployment purposes. In this paper we will outline the various evaluation systems and the ongoing efforts to build a new and efficient NB-IOT simulation platform.
Gradient Descent Using Stochastic Circuits for Efficient Training of Learning Machines (2018)

Gradient descent (GD) is a widely used optimization algorithm in machine learning. In this paper, a novel stochastic computing GD circuit (SC-GDC) is proposed by encoding the gradient information in stochastic sequences. Inspired by the structure of a neuron, a stochastic integrator is used to optimize the weights in a learning machine by its “inhibitory” and “excitatory” inputs. Specifically, two AND (or XNOR) gates for the unipolar representation (or the bipolar representation) and one stochastic integrator are, respectively, used to implement the multiplications and accumulations in a GD algorithm. Thus, the SC-GDC is very area- and power-efficient. As per the formulation of the proposed SC-GDC, it provides unbiased estimate of the optimized weights in a learning algorithm. The proposed SC-GDC is then used to implement a least-mean-square algorithm and a softmax regression. With a similar accuracy, the proposed design achieves more than $30 \times $ improvement in throughput per area (TPA) and consumes less than 13% of the energy per training sample, compared with a fixed-point implementation. Moreover, a signed SC-GDC is proposed for training complex neural networks (NNs). It is shown that for a 784-128-128-10 fully connected NN, the signed SC-GDC produces a similar training result with its fixed-point counterpart, while achieving more than 90% energy saving and 82% reduction in training time with more than $50 \times $ improvement in TPA.
Activation of the Recombination Activating Gene 1 (RAG-1) Transcript in Bone Marrow of Senescent C57BL/6 Mice by Recombinant Interleukin-7 (1999)

The level of the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG-1) mRNA in bone marrow cells decreases to a minimal level by the age of 10 months. Recominbant interleukin-7 (rIL-7) is a potent proliferative stimulus for B cell progenitors and upregulates RAG-1 expression in lymphocyte precursors. To investigate the stimulatory effect of rIL-7 on the expression of RAG-1 in old mice, we compared the level of RAG-1 message in short-term bone marrow cultures of cells from mice aged 1 month and 18 months. We found similar levels of RAG-1 mRNA in bone marrow cells of young mice before and after 24 hours of incubation. No RAG-1 mRNA was detected in bone marrow cell cultures prepared from old mice after 24 hours of incubation. However, when rIL-7 was added to the culture medium, RAG-1 mRNA was detected after 24 hours of incubation and its level was similar to that measured in cells from young mice. The expression of RAG-1 was dose-dependent, with 20 ng of rIL-7 per 10(6) old nucleated cells yielding the maximal response. Our results indicate that despite the low or no RAG-1 expression in bone marrow cultures of old mice, the potential to activate RAG-1 in B-cell precursors is still present, and immunoglobulin heavy chain (V(H)D(H)J(H)) rearrangement may be enhanced by rIL7.
High efficiency active cooling system (2002)

In this paper we present a new method of active cooling of microstructures. The method consists in controlling the active heat sink in relation to the dissipated power in the microstructure and a thermal model of the package. We intend to design an on-chip controller as an ASIC cell. The cell could be placed on the same silicon substrate together with a requiring cooling structure. A special silicon current sensor was designed to estimate the dissipated power in the structure. Simulation results of the active cooling with a new method are presented as well as a design of current sensor.
Design and Performance of Resonant-Cavity Parallel Baffles for Duct Silencing (1981)

Resonant-cavity parallel baffles, either empty or with a thin absorbent lining, have been investigated as an alternative to fiberglass-filled baffles commonly used to control noise emission from large ducts. A method for predicting silencer attenuation is described, and it is shown that the new type of baffle is characterized by an acoustic performance similar to that of fibrous baffles, while being virtually immune to such problems as clogging, erosion, or settling. The emphasis of the study is on insertion loss measurements in a 7 by 10 ft wind tunnel.
Current Trends in the Development of Microwave Reactors for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Industries: A Review (2018)

Microwave energy has been in use for many applications for more than 50 years, from communication, food processing, and wood drying to chemical reactions and medical therapy. The areas, where microwave technology is applied, include drying, calcination, decomposition, powder synthesis, sintering, and chemical process control. Before the year 2000, microwaves were used to produce ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, and inorganic materials; in next years, some new attempts were made as well. Nowadays, it has been found that microwave sintering can also be applied to sintered powder and ceramics and is more effective than conventional sintering. Particularly interesting is its use for the synthesis of nanomaterials. This review identifies the main sources of microwave generation, the delivery mechanisms of microwave energy, and the typical designs and configurations of microwave devices, as well as the measurement and construction material problems related to microwave technology. We focus our attention on the configurations, materials, optimized geometries, and solvents used for microwave devices, providing examples of products, especially nanoparticles and other nanomaterials. The identified microwave devices are divided into four groups, depending on the scale, the maximum pressure developed, the highest temperature for sintering, or other special multi-functions. The challenges of using microwave energy for the synthesis of nanopowders have been identified as well. The desirable characteristics of microwave reactors in the synthesis of nanostructures, as well as their superiority over conventional synthetic methods, have been presented. We have also provided a review of the commercial and self-designed microwave reactors, digestors, and sintering furnaces for technology for synthesis of nanomaterials and other industries.
Oncogenic Serine-Threonine Kinase Receptor-Associated Protein Modulates the Function of Ewing Sarcoma Protein through a Novel Mechanism (2006)

Although much is known about the oncogenic functions of chimeric Ewing sarcoma (EWS) fusion proteins that result from chromosomal translocations, the cellular role of the normal EWS protein is not well characterized. We have previously identified a WD domain-containing protein, serine-threonine kinase receptor-associated protein (STRAP), which inhibits transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling through interaction with receptors and Smad7 and promotes growth and enhances tumorigenicity. Here, we report the interaction between STRAP and EWS using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight and tandem mass spectrometry. Although STRAP is localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, nuclear STRAP colocalizes and associates specifically with EWS in the nucleus through its NH(2) and COOH termini. We have found that normal EWS protein is up-regulated in human cancers, which correlates with the up-regulation of STRAP in 71% of colorectal cancers and 54% of lung cancers, suggesting a cooperative role of these two proteins in human cancers. TGF-beta has no effect on STRAP and EWS interaction. However, EWS, like STRAP, attenuates TGF-beta-dependent transcription. STRAP inhibits EWS-dependent p300-mediated transactivation of EWS target genes, such as ApoCIII and c-fos, in a TGF-beta-independent manner. Interestingly, we have shown that STRAP blocks the interaction between EWS and p300, whereas the complex formation between STRAP and EWS is not affected by p300. These results suggest that STRAP inhibits the transactivation function of EWS by displacing p300 from the functional transcriptional complex. Thus, this study provides a novel TGF-beta-independent function of STRAP and describes a mechanism by which STRAP regulates the function of oncogenic EWS protein.
Two-Way Communication Protocol using Bluetooth Low Energy Advertisement Frames (2015)

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless personal area network technology designed to provide low-power connectivity to smartphones and wearable devices. To transmit bidirectional data, devices must first discover each other and then start a pairing process. Usually, the pairing process requires manual intervention that might result in undesirable user experiences. If security and privacy requirements allow, communication sessions could be limited to the advertisement channels only, without pairing the devices. Further, the use of only advertisement channels without pairing devices enables scenarios in which different radio systems can also join the communication. For example, the nRF24L01+ radio system can be programmed to communicate using the advertisement channels defined by BLE. This is relevant because the nRF24L01+ radio system is a popular technology for the Internet-of-Things and for location-based services with wearable devices in smart cities. This paper evaluates a two-way communication protocol between the nRF24L01+ and BLE devices, using only advertisement frames. We show a practical protocol implementation and use an experimental testbed to evaluate its performance. The evaluation shows that it is possible to build a simple and reliable communication protocol that works in both directions.
Biodegradable alginate microparticles developed by electrohydrodynamic spraying techniques for oral delivery of protein (2009)

In this study, alginate microparticles were prepared by cross-linking alginate with calcium chloride solution using an electrohydrodynamic spraying technique. The effects of alginate and calcium chloride concentration as well as electrical potential on particle size and shape were investigated. The results showed that 1 mg ml(-1) alginate medium viscosity (AMV), 2.5 mg ml(-1) CaCl(2), electrical potential 18 kV (F1) and 0.5 mg ml(-1) alginate low viscosity (ALV), 2.5 mg ml(-1) CaCl(2), electrical potential 20 kV (F2) yielded the spherical shape and small particles of 937 +/- 158 nm and 1556 +/- 51 nm, respectively. In bovine serum albumin (BSA) entrapment efficiency study, initial BSA of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60% w/w to polymer was incorporated into these alginate microparticles. The results revealed that F2 with initial BSA 10% w/w showed the highest entrapment efficiency of 49.70 +/- 0.01%. The result of BSA content revealed that F2' with the initial BSA of 20% w/w showed the highest amount of BSA content of 3.92 +/- 0.02 mg g(-1) of particles. F1 and F2 with the initial BSA of 5%, 20% and 40% w/w were chosen to evaluate for the release in PBS pH 7.4. It was found that F1 with the initial BSA of 40% w/w showed the slowest release rate and sustained release. The release of F1 in 0.1 N HCl solution (pH 1.2) was slower than that in pH 7.4. This electrohydrodynamic spray technique (EHDA) can be applied to prepare alginate in micro size and can encapsulate BSA. Alginate microparticles can further be optimized for oral delivery of several pharmaceutical peptides and proteins.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR FACE RECOGNITION USING GABOR FEATURE EXTRACTION (2013)

Face detection and recognition is the first step for many applications in various fields such as identification and is used as a key to enter into the various electronic devices, video surveillance, and human computer interface and image database management. This paper focuses on feature extraction in an image using Gabor filter and the extracted image feature vector is then given as an input to the neural network. The neural network is trained with the input data. The Gabor wavelet concentrates on the important components of the face including eye, mouth, nose, cheeks. The main requirement of this technique is the threshold, which gives privileged sensitivity. The threshold values are the feature vectors taken from the faces. These feature vectors are given into the feed forward neural network to train the network. Using the feed forward neural network as a classifier, the recognized and unrecognized faces are classified. This classifier attains a higher face deduction rate. By training more input vectors the system proves to be effective. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experimental results.
Hyperspectral lidar point cloud segmentation based on geometric and spectral information (2019)

Light detection and ranging (lidar) can record a 3D environment as point clouds, which are unstructured and difficult to process efficiently. Point cloud segmentation is an effective technology to solve this problem and plays a significant role in various applications, such as forestry management and 3D building reconstruction. The spectral information from images could improve the segmentation result, but suffers from the varying illumination conditions and the registration problem. New hyperspectral lidar sensor systems can solve these problems, with the capacity to obtain spectral and geometric information simultaneously. The former segmentation on hyperspectral lidar were mainly based on spectral information. The geometric segmentation method widely used by single wavelength lidar was not employed for hyperspectral lidar yet. This study aims to fill this gap by proposing a hyperspectral lidar segmentation method with three stages. First, Connected-Component Labeling (CCL) using the geometric information is employed for base segmentation. Second, the output components of the first stage are split by the spectral difference using Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). Third, the components of the second stage are merged based on the spectral similarity using Spectral Angle Match (SAM). Two indoor experimental scenes were setup for validation. We compared the performance of our mothed with that of the 3D and intensity feature based method. The quantitative analysis indicated that, our proposed method improved the point-weighted score by 19.35% and 18.65% in two experimental scenes, respectively. These results showed that the geometric segmentation method for single wavelength lidar could be combined with the spectral information, and contribute to the more effective hyperspectral lidar point cloud segmentation.
Unravelling the specificity and mechanism of sialic acid recognition by the gut symbiont Ruminococcus gnavus (2017)

Ruminococcus gnavus is a human gut symbiont wherein the ability to degrade mucins is mediated by an intramolecular trans-sialidase (RgNanH). RgNanH comprises a GH33 catalytic domain and a sialic acid-binding carbohydrate-binding module (CBM40). Here we used glycan arrays, STD NMR, X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis and binding assays to determine the structure and function of RgNanH_CBM40 (RgCBM40). RgCBM40 displays the canonical CBM40 β-sandwich fold and broad specificity towards sialoglycans with millimolar binding affinity towards α2,3- or α2,6-sialyllactose. RgCBM40 binds to mucus produced by goblet cells and to purified mucins, providing direct evidence for a CBM40 as a novel bacterial mucus adhesin. Bioinformatics data show that RgCBM40 canonical type domains are widespread among Firmicutes. Furthermore, binding of R. gnavus ATCC 29149 to intestinal mucus is sialic acid mediated. Together, this study reveals novel features of CBMs which may contribute to the biogeography of symbiotic bacteria in the gut.
A NEW NOISE REDUCTION (1991)

A video camera noise reduction system capable of an S/N improvement of 9 dl3 or difference signal is developed. In this system, the vid are transformed into spatial frequency component feedbacks are discriminatively applied.
Differences in propionate-induced inhibition of cholesterol and triacylglycerol synthesis between human and rat hepatocytes in primary culture (1995)

Propionate is a short-chain fatty acid formed in the colon and supposedly involved in the cholesterol-lowering effect of soluble fibre. To explore the underlying mechanism(s) of this fibre action, we have used human hepatocytes in primary culture to study the effects of propionate on hepatic lipid synthesis. Initial experiments with mevalonate and mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.88) were performed to evaluate basic regulatory mechanisms in these cells; results were compared with those obtained with rat hepatocytes. Incubation for 24 h with mevalonate caused a similar, concentration-dependent inhibition of [14C]acetate incorporation into cholesterol in human and rat hepatocytes. Likewise, mevinolin (100 mumol/l) inhibited the formation of cholesterol from radiolabelled acetate by about 80% in cells from both species. Propionate inhibited cholesterol as well as triacylglycerol synthesis from [14C]acetate with a similar concentration-dependency in rat hepatocytes. Fifty percent inhibition was obtained at a propionate concentration of only 0.1 mmol/l. This propionate-induced inhibition was not affected by a 100-fold excess of unlabelled acetate. Human hepatocytes were much less susceptible in this respect: propionate concentrations of 10-20 mmol/l were required to obtain similar inhibitory effects in these cells, i.e. values greatly exceeding reported portal propionate concentrations in humans. The results suggest the existence of differences in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol (and triacylglycerol) synthesis between human and rat liver cells. These results do not support the hypothesis that the fibre-induced decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration in man is mediated by a direct effect of propionate on hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
The Forkhead-associated Domain of Ki-67 Antigen Interacts with the Novel Kinesin-like Protein Hklp2 (2000)

The Ki-67 antigen (pKi-67) is widely used as a cell proliferation marker protein. Its actual role in the cell cycle progression, however, is presently unclear. Using a two-hybrid screening in yeast, a novel protein, termed Hklp2 (human kinesin-like protein 2), was identified and shown to interact with the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of pKi-67. Hklp2 has 1388 amino acids and shows a striking similarity (a 53% identity in amino acids) to Xklp2, a plus-end directed kinesin-like motor found in Xenopus. The interaction domain of Hklp2 was mapped to the portion that comprised residues 1017-1237 and that was phosphorylated in vitro by incubating with mitotic but not interphasic HeLa cell extracts. That the interaction was striking in the mitotic extract was also verified. In addition, immunofluorescence using specific antibodies revealed an association between pKi-67 and Hklp2 at the periphery of mitotic chromosomes, largely in close proximity to the centromeres. These findings suggest that pKi-67 is involved in the progression of mitosis via its interaction with Hklp2.
Interaction of Signals in Ferromagnetic Microwave Limiters (1977)

A weak secondary signal is partially absorbed in a ferromagnetic microwave limiter that is saturated by a strong primary signal; the absorption is greatest when the two signals are close in frequency. The width of this absorption is determined here, and is found to be proportional to the spin wave linewidth and to the square root of the excess power in the primary signal. The theory of this effect is presented and is found to agree well with experiment.
Parametric Fault Detection of Analogue Circuits Based on Optimized Support Vector Machine Classifier (2018)

Parametric faults in analogue circuits cause system performance degeneration and are hard to be detected. There are no clear boundaries between fault-free and faulty circuit output due to components tolerances. Therefore, a machine learning classifier needs to be learned to correctly classify circuit outputs. In this paper, the parametric fault detection method of analogue circuits based on the support vector machine (SVM) classifier is developed. The proper choice of kernel parameters for the SVM in the training process improves the classification accuracy. The penalty parameter and kernel function parameters for the radial basis function (RBF) kernel should be optimized. In addition, the Bayesian optimization methodology is used to select the hyperparameters for the SVM classifier. The Biquad filter, one of the benchmark circuits, is utilized to validate the proposed method and compare it with the other methods. Using downside minimum size detectable fault (DMSDF) and upside minimum size detectable fault (UMSDF) values, the method gives good enhancements in detecting faults due to minor changes in components values above or down the nominal component values.