gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PROSTAGLANDIN LACTONES (1983)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Carbonsäuren (II).
Electron emission from diamond films seeded using kitchen-wrap polyethylene (2011)

Diamond has many potential electronic applications, but the diamond seeding methods are generally harsh on the substrates rendering them unsuitable for integration in electronics. We report a non-abrasive, scalable and economic process of diamond film seeding using kitchen-wrap polyethylene employing hot filament chemical vapour reaction of H 2 S/CH 4 /H 2 gas mixtures on Cu substrates. The fabricated diamond films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which confirm that the deposited film consists of a microcrystalline diamond of size in the range 0.5–1.0 µm. The synthesized diamond films exhibit a turn-on field of about 8.5 V µm −1 and long-term stability. Diamond film synthesis using polyethylene will enable the integration of diamond heat sinks into high-power and high-temperature electronic devices.
Automated lung nodule classification following automated nodule detection on CT: A serial approach (2003)

We have evaluated the performance of an automated classifier applied to the task of differentiating malignant and benign lung nodules in low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) scans acquired as part of a lung cancer screening program. The nodules classified in this manner were initially identified by our automated lung nodule detection method, so that the output of automated lung nodule detection was used as input to automated lung nodule classification. This study begins to narrow the distinction between the "detection task" and the "classification task." Automated lung nodule detection is based on two- and three-dimensional analyses of the CT image data. Gray-level-thresholding techniques are used to identify initial lung nodule candidates, for which morphological and gray-level features are computed. A rule-based approach is applied to reduce the number of nodule candidates that correspond to non-nodules, and the features of remaining candidates are merged through linear discriminant analysis to obtain final detection results. Automated lung nodule classification merges the features of the lung nodule candidates identified by the detection algorithm that correspond to actual nodules through another linear discriminant classifier to distinguish between malignant and benign nodules. The automated classification method was applied to the computerized detection results obtained from a database of 393 low-dose thoracic CT scans containing 470 confirmed lung nodules (69 malignant and 401 benign nodules). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the ability of the classifier to differentiate between nodule candidates that correspond to malignant nodules and nodule candidates that correspond to benign lesions. The area under the ROC curve for this classification task attained a value of 0.79 during a leave-one-out evaluation.
Impairing the radioresistance of cancer cells by hydrogenated nanodiamonds (2015)

Hydrogenated nanodiamonds (H-NDs) exhibit a negative electron affinity that confers a high reactivity with oxygen species and a positive charge in aqueous solutions. It allows electron emission from H-NDs following irradiation by photons and in consequence may enhance the effects of radiation on cancer cells. By using three human radioresistant cancer cell lines, we showed a potentialization of cytotoxicity after a co-exposure to H-NDs and irradiation; an event occurring through the induction of DNA damage and reactive oxygen species. This occurred together with a decrease in cell impedance, the activation of G1/S, an unlocking of G2 cell cycle check-points and early low cell death rate. At later stage of exposure, persistent increases in heterochromatinization, large γ-H2AX foci and β-galactosidase activity were detected providing evidence of cells' entrance into senescence. Similar potentialization was observed with neocarzinostatin (NCS), a radiomimetic drug. This original finding underlines a wide clinical potential of H-NDs to intensify radiation effects on radio-resistant cancer cells.
Single-step copying technique for multiplexed volume holograms (1991)

A novel technique for copying the index or absorption modulation of a multiplexed volume hologram (MVH) into a second volume holographic medium in a single-step exposure is presented. The technique assumes that the master MVH is angularly multiplexed, and the individual holograms are independent in that each reference beam can recall only the corresponding object beam. Independence of the individual holograms is preserved in the copy. The copying technique utilizes a set of coherent sources (one for each individual hologram) that are mutually incoherent; each source provides two reference beams, one for an individual hologram in the master MVH and one for the corresponding hologram in the copy. When all sources are activated, the set of holograms in the master MVH are recalled and are mutually incoherent. The set of object beam wavefronts are imaged in amplitude and phase onto the secondary medium, and interfere with the corresponding reference beams, pairwise. Mutual incoherence prevents the recording of crosstalk gratings between the holograms in the copy.
Dark-rim-free ungated first-pass perfusion CMR with 3-Slice end-systolic imaging: initial experience (2014)

Background First-pass perfusion (FPP) cardiac MR (CMR) imaging has been shown to have a high performance for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Reliability of FPP imaging, however, is hindered by dark-rim artifacts (DRAs) and the need for near-perfect ECG gating. The latter can be challenging in the presence of arrhythmias or heart-rate variations during stress. Moreover, endsystolic (ES) imaging has recently been shown to provide improved visualization of subendocardial defects [1]. We developed an innovative ungated FPP technique capable of simultaneously eliminating DRAs [2,3] and enabling reconstruction of all slices at ES. We hypothesized that the developed method achieves DRA-free imaging and high accuracy in patients with suspected CAD, using nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) as the reference. Methods Based on the so-called “Ungated Cine FPP” approach [4], a multi-slice magnetization-driven [5-7] method was developed for ungated FPP imaging. Figure 1 highlights the main differences of the proposed pulse sequence compared with the conventional FPP method. All scans were performed on a 3T clinical scanner using an ungated RF-spoiled GRE sequence with continuous golden-angle radial acquisition as in Figure 1b (flip angle = 21°, resolution: 1.7 × 1.7 × 10 mm). The reconstruction method used automatic self-gating and optimally apodized [3] compressed sensing for DRA-free accelerated reconstruction. Normal subjects (n = 6) were studied using both the proposed and conventional methods. Patients (n = 9) with suspected CAD on the basis of recent abnormal SPECT/PET MPI underwent adenosine stress/rest FFP CMR. Three patients returned for a second study using the conventional method. Results The ungated FPP studies in normal subjects were all of high quality and demonstrated normal perfusion. A representative patient study is shown in Figure 2. Stressinduced hypoperfusion was observed in the ES Ungated Cine FPP images, corresponding to a reversible defect on PET MPI (Figure 2b). Figure 2c shows the mid slice for the conventional FPP scan. Based on nuclear MPI studies, sensitivity and specificity of the developed method were 93% and 95%, respectively. The minor disagreements can be explained by the presence of subendocardial defects and possible artifacts on SPECT. All images were reviewed and no DRAs was detected on the Ungated Cine FPP images (2 readers, consensus). However, for the 3 studies using the conventional method, mild-moderate DRA was observed in 21% of the segments. Conclusions Conventional FPP methods are prone to DRAs, require accurate ECG gating, and do not provide the freedom to image all slices at ES. The developed method overcomes these challenges and is an attractive alternative with the advantage of simplicity (no gating), higher accuracy in the subendocardium (no DRAs, ES imaging), and thereby potentially improved reliability. Preliminary results in healthy volunteers and patients with suspected CAD were of high quality and showed high accuracy compared to nuclear MPI.
Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Analysis of Mannitol Dehydrogenase Gene mtlK from Lactobacillus brevis (2009)

The commercial production of mannitol involves high-pressure hydrogenation of fructose using a nickel catalyst, a costly process. Mannitol can be produced through fermentation by microorganisms. Currently, a few Lactobacillus strains are used to develop an efficient process for mannitol bioproduction; most of the strains produce mannitol from fructose with other products. An approach toward improving this process would be to genetically engineer Lactobacillus strains to increase fructose-to-mannitol conversion with decreased production of other products. We cloned the gene mtlK encoding mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.67) that catalyzes the conversion of fructose into mannitol from Lactobacillus brevis using genomic polymerase chain reaction. The mtlK clone contains 1328 bp of DNA sequence including a 1002-bp open reading frame that consisted of 333 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of about 36 kDa. The functional mannitol-2-dehydrogenase was produced by overexpressing mtlK via pRSETa vector in Escherichia coli BL21pLysS on isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside induction. The fusion protein is able to catalyze the reduction of fructose to mannitol at pH 5.35. Similar rates of catalytic reduction were observed using either the NADH or NADPH as cofactor under in vitro assay conditions. Genetically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum TF103 carrying the mtlK gene of L. brevis indicated increased mannitol production from glucose. The evaluation of mixed sugar fermentation and mannitol production by this strain is in progress.
Chromosome 14 and late-onset familial Alzheimer disease (FAD). (1993)

Familial Alzheimer disease (FAD) is genetically heterogeneous. Two loci responsible for early-onset FAD have been identified: the amyloid precursor protein gene on chromosome 21 and the as-yet-unidentified locus on chromosome 14. The genetics of late-onset FAD is unresolved. Maximum-likelihood, affected-pedigree-member (APM), and sib-pair analyses were used, in 49 families with a mean age at onset > or = 60 years, to determine whether the chromosome 14 locus is responsible for late-onset FAD. The markers used were D14S53, D14S43, and D14S52. The LOD score method was used to test for linkage of late-onset FAD to the chromosome 14 markers, under three different models: age-dependent penetrance, an affected-only analysis, and age-dependent penetrance with allowance for possible age-dependent sporadic cases. No evidence for linkage was obtained under any of these conditions for the late-onset kindreds, and strong evidence against linkage (LOD score < or = -2.0) to this region was obtained. Heterogeneity tests of the LOD score results for the combined group of families (early onset, Volga Germans, and late onset) favored the hypothesis of linkage to chromosome 14 with genetic heterogeneity. The positive results are primarily from early-onset families. APM analysis gave significant evidence for linkage of D14S43 and D14S52 to FAD in early-onset kindreds (P < .02). No evidence for linkage was found for the entire late-onset family group. Significant evidence for linkage to D14S52, however, was found for a subgroup of families of intermediate age at onset (mean age at onset > or = 60 years and < 70 years). These results indicate that the chromosome 14 locus is not responsible for Alzheimer disease in most late-onset FAD kindreds but could play a role in a subset of these kindreds.
Searching Live Meeting Documents "Show me the Action" (2015)

Live meeting documents require different techniques for effectively retrieving important pieces of information. During live meetings, people share web sites, edit presentation slides, and share code editors. A simple approach is to index with Optical Character Recognition (OCR) the video frames, or key-frames, being shared and let user retrieve them. Here we show that a more useful approach is to look at what actions users take inside the live document streams. Based on observations of real meetings, we focus on two important signals: text editing and mouse cursor motion. We describe the detection of text and cursor motion, their implementation in our WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication)-based system, and how users are better able to search live documents during a meeting based on these extracted actions.
Combustion exhaust measurements of nitric oxide with an ultraviolet diode-laser-based absorption sensor (2005)

A diode-laser-based sensor has been developed for ultraviolet absorption measurements of the nitric oxide (NO) molecule. The sensor is based on the sum-frequency mixing (SFM) of the output of a tunable, 395-nm external-cavity diode laser and a 532-nm diode-pumped, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser in a beta-barium borate crystal. The SFM process generates 325 +/- 75 nW of ultraviolet radiation at 226.8 nm, corresponding to the (v' = 0, v" = 0) band of the A2Sigma+-chi2II electronic transition of NO. Results from initial laboratory experiments in a gas cell are briefly discussed, followed by results from field demonstrations of the sensor for measurements in the exhaust streams of a gas turbine engine and a well-stirred reactor. It is demonstrated that the sensor is capable of fully resolving the absorption spectrum and accurately measuring the NO concentration in actual combustion environments. Absorption is clearly visible in the gas turbine exhaust even for the lowest concentrations of 9 parts per million (ppm) for idle conditions and for a path length of 0.51 m. The sensitivity of the current system is estimated at 0.23%, which corresponds to a detection limit of 0.8 ppm in 1 m for 1000 K gas. The estimated uncertainty in the absolute concentrations that we obtained using the sensor is 10%.
Anodic Formation of Titania Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Aspect Ratio (2008)

We report on the anodic formation of titania nanotubes with a uniform diameter of about and an aspect ratio over 1000:1 in an solution. The as-prepared product was obtained as an amorphous structure, which can be crystallized to a pure anatase structure with hollow characteristics remaining. The cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images of interfaces between the Ti substrate and titania indicate that the gradual structural transformation of titania induced by concentrated ion species via localized electrochemical reactions is the underlying mechanism for the formation of nanotubes.
Overexpression of β1-chain-containing laminins in capillary basement membranes of human breast cancer and its metastases (2005)

These results suggest that laminin-2, laminin-8, and laminin-10 are important components of tumor microvessels and may associate with breast tumor progression. Angiogenic switch from laminin-9 and laminin-11 to laminin-8 and laminin-10 first occurs in carcinomas in situ and becomes more pronounced with progression of carcinomas to the invasive stage. Similar to high-grade brain gliomas, the expression of laminin-8 (and laminin-10) in breast cancer tissue may be a predictive factor for tumor neovascularization and invasion.
Global Localization from Monocular SLAM on a Mobile Phone (2014)

We propose the combination of a keyframe-based monocular SLAM system and a global localization method. The SLAM system runs locally on a camera-equipped mobile client and provides continuous, relative 6DoF pose estimation as well as keyframe images with computed camera locations. As the local map expands, a server process localizes the keyframes with a pre-made, globally-registered map and returns the global registration correction to the mobile client. The localization result is updated each time a keyframe is added, and observations of global anchor points are added to the client-side bundle adjustment process to further refine the SLAM map registration and limit drift. The end result is a 6DoF tracking and mapping system which provides globally registered tracking in real-time on a mobile device, overcomes the difficulties of localization with a narrow field-of-view mobile phone camera, and is not limited to tracking only in areas covered by the offline reconstruction.
The development of novel Sigma-2 targeted alpha-emitting radioligand astatine-211-MM3 as a potential radiotherapeutic for breast cancer (2015)

8 Objectives The Sigma-2 receptor is a unique therapeutic target in cancer due to its preferential expression in rapidly dividing cells, and to a lesser extent in dormant cells, compared to healthy tissue. Targeting the Sigma-2 receptor with an alpha emitting radioconjugate provides a new strategy for delivering high doses of radiation selectively to cancer cells with a potential lethality irrespective of cell cycle status unlike conventional therapies. In this work we report the pre-clinical evaluation of 211At-MM3 in breast cancer models. Methods 211At-MM3 was synthesized from stannylated precursor and was purified by HPLC. The dissociation constant (Kd) of 211At-MM3 was determined using live EMT-6 breast cancer cells. The therapeutic effect of 211At-MM3 was tested on EMT6, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, assessed by cell viability measured 72 hrs post treatment. In vivo biodistribution in balb/c mice bearing EMT6 xenografts was measured after intravenous administration of 10 microCuries 211At-MM3; animals were sacrificed at 5 minutes, 1 and 2 hours, after radiotracer administration. Results 211At-MM3 was produced in adequate quantities and cell binding assays showed high affinity for the Sigma-2 receptor and cytotoxicity was observed in all breast cancer cell lines tested. In vivo biodistribution resulted in high tumor targeting with an average of 4.93% injected dose/gram in the tumor at 2 hours and a tumor/muscle ratio of 4. Conclusions 211At-MM3 retains high affinity for the Sigma-2 receptor in vitro and in vivo with promising tumor targeting capabilities. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments reveal therapeutic efficacy across multiple breast cancer cell lines and collectively this work establishes the proof of concept for 211At-MM3 as a potential alpha-emitting radiotherapeutic meriting further exploration. Research Support Funding and Support: This research was supported by the Department of Energy DE-FOA-0001075 as part of the multi-disciplinary research and training program in Breast Cancer Molecular Imaging and Targeted Radiochemistry at the University of Pennsylvania.
Rgs16 is an early marker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (842.7) (2014)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths. Limited progress has been made in developing effective therapy for PDA. Compounding this challenge has been the lack of a systematic and robust in vivo screen for effective drug combinations. Kras mutations (e.g. Kras G12D ) are found in over 90% of human PDA and occur early in tumor progression. Protein kinase and G‐Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) signaling can initiate Ras activation. Regulators of G‐protein Signaling (RGS) proteins are coincidence detectors that can be induced by and integrate multiple inputs to feedback regulate GPCR signaling. We previously described Rgs16 expression during embryonic and postnatal pancreas development in pancreatic progenitors, endocrine cells and ductal‐associated cells. Here, we show that the Rgs16::GFP transgene is a Kras G12D dependent marker of all stages of neoplasia in the p48 Cre ; LSL‐Kras G12D ; Cdkn2a f/f PDA mice. Although Kras G12D is expressed in embryonic pancreas progenitor cells and in all mature acinar cells, Rgs16::GFP expression in tumors first emerges in ductal Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasms as early as 12 days post birth. The distribution and intensity of expression is proportional to and coincident with tumor burden. Rgs16::GFP expression in acinar cells of distal lobes initiates only after tumor occlusion of proximal ducts. The gene expression signature of primary PDA cells in culture obtained via RNA‐seq is closely related to embryonic progenitors of pancreatic ducts and endocrine cells. PDA cells in culture are highly sensitive to the chemotherapic drug gemcitabine mediated cell death. In a proof‐of‐principle for drug screens, we find PDA weanling mice treated with gemcitabine and Nab‐paclitaxel for two weeks have significantly lower Rgs16::GFP expression and reduced tumor size and occurrence. Rgs16::GFP is a novel in vivo reporter of PDA progression and sensitivity to new drug regimens that inhibit Kras mediated oncogenesis. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NCI‐CA161624.
Kinetic and Structural Characterization of Urease Active Site Variants<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Klebsiella aerogenes urease uses a dinuclear nickel active site to catalyze urea hydrolysis at >10(14)-fold the spontaneous rate. To better define the enzyme mechanism, we examined the kinetics and structures for a suite of site-directed variants involving four residues at the active site: His320, His219, Asp221, and Arg336. Compared to wild-type urease, the H320A, H320N, and H320Q variants exhibit similar approximately 10(-)(5)-fold deficiencies in rates, modest K(m) changes, and disorders in the peptide flap covering their active sites. The pH profiles for these mutant enzymes are anomalous with optima near 6 and shoulders that extend to pH 9. H219A urease exhibits 10(3)-fold increased K(m) over that of native enzyme, whereas the increase is less marked ( approximately 10(2)-fold) in the H219N and H219Q variants that retain hydrogen bonding capability. Structures for these variants show clearly resolved active site water molecules covered by well-ordered peptide flaps. Whereas the D221N variant is only moderately affected compared to wild-type enzyme, D221A urease possesses low activity ( approximately 10(-)(3) that of native enzyme), a small increase in K(m), and a pH 5 optimum. The crystal structure for D221A urease is reminiscent of the His320 variants. The R336Q enzyme has a approximately 10(-)(4)-fold decreased catalytic rate with near-normal pH dependence and an unaffected K(m). Phenylglyoxal inactivates the R336Q variant at over half the rate observed for native enzyme, demonstrating that modification of non-active-site arginines can eliminate activity, perhaps by affecting the peptide flap. Our data favor a mechanism in which His219 helps to polarize the substrate carbonyl group, a metal-bound terminal hydroxide or bridging oxo-dianion attacks urea to form a tetrahedral intermediate, and protonation occurs via the general acid His320 with Asp221 and Arg336 orienting and influencing the acidity of this residue. Furthermore, we conclude that the simple bell-shaped pH dependence of k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) for the native enzyme masks a more complex underlying pH dependence involving at least four pK(a)s.