gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
논문 ; 영양 사료 : 사료급여방법이 제주재래마의 체성장 및 도체품질에 미치는 영향 (1993)

Nine Cheju Native Horses with an average weight of 169.2㎏ were used in a 238-d (34-wk) fattening trial designed to evaluate the effects of feeding method on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Horses were randomly alloted to three treatment groups: T₁ 6-wk (Former fattening period: FFP) + 28-wk (Latter fattening period: LFP), T₂, 9-wk (FFP) + 25-wk (LFP), T₃, 12-wk (FFP) + 22-wk (LFP). During the FFP, concentrate was restricted at approximately l.5% of their body weights but horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate during the subsequent LFP. The horses were individually penned in 2.5-m×3-m pipe stalls with front feeding gates. They were allowed 3 h of exercise in a pen (50-m×30-m) outside the barn monthly. Horses were weighed at 30-d intervals and feed consumption was measured daily. At the end of the 238-d fattening period, one horse in each treatment was selected randomly and slaughtered for meat quality evaluation. Results obtained from the present study were summarized as follows; during the overall fattening period, average daily gains (ADG) and nutrient intake (TDN) per ㎏ wt, gain were 0.59, 5.10(T₁), 0.51, 5.84(T₂) and 0.43, 6.37㎏(T₂), respectively. When horses were allowed ad libitum access to concentrate for 28 wk(T₁), ADG and feed efficiency(TDN) were improved by 37%(P$gt;.05) and20%(P$gt;.05)compared to those allowed concentrate free choice for 22 wk(T₃). Horse in T, group had an improved dressing percentage and carcass weight with good quality grades(intramuscular fat, meat color, fat color). Taste panelists(150 amateures) detected no difference from longissimus lumborum steaks between Cheju Native Horse and improved Cheju Native Cattle, but found juiciness and meat flavor were superior to those of beef.
Benzylic Arylation of 2-Methyl-5-membered Heterocycles Using TMP-Bases (2012)

A new general Pd-catalyzed arylation of various 2-methyl-5-membered heterocycles is reported. This novel method requires Li-, Mg-, or Zn-TMP bases and allows selective metalation of the benzylic position. Subsequent Negishi cross-coupling provides the corresponding arylated heterocycles.
Flow Boiling of n‐Hexane in Small Channels: Heat Transfer Measurements and Flow Pattern Observations (2007)

Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted to study flow boiling heat transfer to n‐hexane. Two different test sections were employed: a single 0.3 · 12.7 mm 2 rectangular microchannel and a 0.5 mm concentric annulus of 6 mm inner diameter. Both test sections were electrically heated. The examined parameter ranges were: mass fluxes between 50 and 400 kg/(m 2 s) and heat fluxes up to 106 kW/m 2 , at an outlet pressure of 0.1 MPa. Infrared thermography was employed to measure the outer wall temperatures of the rectangular channel and to determine the heat transfer coefficients. This measurement method was especially appropriate for the analysis of the transient behavior of boiling in microchannels, which has been often reported in the literature. In addition, flow visualization was carried out under comparable experimental conditions, using an inner heated circular annulus with a narrow gap.
Efficacy of copper and silver ions with iodine in the inactivation of <i>Pseudomonas cepacia</i> (1992)

Alternatives to chlorination of water have been sought for reasons which include trihalomethane formation, possible bacterial regrowth, the high concentrations of chlorine required in certain circumstances, and the taste, odour and bodily irritation in chlorine-treated water. Electrolytically generated Cu and Ag ions at low levels, in addition to very low chlorine concentrations, have been suggested as an alternative to routine chlorination. We have examined the combination of Cu and Ag ions with low levels of iodine. Pseudomonas cepacia was grown either in rich medium or under nutrient restriction prior to disinfection. Survival of the organism and its ability to regrow after treatment as well as the effects of varying buffers, metal ion and iodine concentrations were determined. Low concentrations of metal ions (100 ppb Cu and 11 ppb Ag) and iodine (200 ppb) were more effective than either metal ions or iodine alone against Ps. cepacia grown on rich agar or in low nutrient buffer. After iodination, buffer-grown suspensions recovered to their original cell concentrations within 7 d. When Cu and Ag ions were used with or without iodine, regrowth was prevented. The results show that low concentrations of Cu and Ag in combination with iodine permit effective disinfection of bacteria after cultivation on either rich media or under nutrient restriction. These results, along with published data, suggest that the combination of these metals with halogenation may have applications in the disinfection of both recreational and potable water.
Adrift in the community (1997)

Continuing care has changed dramatically over the past 10 to 15 years. Jane South reports on the findings of a study which suggest that there is unlikely to be a reversal of NHS withdrawal from the provision of longterm care
Automatic Camera Calibration Using Pattern Detection for Vision-Based Speed Sensing (2008)

Vision-based automatic traffic monitoring systems require a calibrated camera to measure the speeds of tracked vehicles. Typically this calibration is done by hand. An automatic technique was developed to calibrate the camera for typical viewpoints on highways using a real-time boosted cascade vehicle detector (BCVD). Image processing is used to estimate the two vanishing points, from which the camera height, focal length, and pan and tilt angles are calculated. The key contribution of the proposed approach is its applicability to a wide variety of environmental conditions. The technique does not rely on background subtraction, nor does it require scene-specific features such as pavement markings. As a result, it is unaffected by the presence of shadows, adverse weather conditions, headlight reflections, lack of ambient light, or spillover caused by low-mounted cameras. Speed estimation within 10% of ground truth is shown for sequences obtained during daylight, nighttime, and rain, and including shadows and severe occlusion.
Repeated Replication and a Prospective Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Chromosome 9p21.3 and Coronary Artery Disease (2008)

This broad replication provides unprecedented evidence for association between genetic variants at chromosome 9p21.3 and risk of CAD.
Thermoelectrochemical formation of Fe/Fe<sub>3</sub>C@hollow N-doped carbon in molten salts for enhanced catalysis (2020)

A low-temperature thermoelectrochemical coupling in molten salts converts Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>@polydopamine to Fe/Fe<sub>3</sub>C nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon with promising catalytic capability.
Different Phase Behavior and Packing of Ceramides with Long (C16) and Very Long (C24) Acyls in Model Membranes: Infrared Spectroscopy Using Deuterated Lipids (2014)

Ceramides (Cer) are the central molecules in sphingolipid metabolism that participate in cellular signaling and also prevent excessive water loss by the skin. Previous studies showed that sphingosine-based Cer with a long 16C chain (CerNS16) and very long 24C-chain ceramides (CerNS24) differ in their biological actions. Increased levels of long CerNS16 at the expense of the very long CerNS24 have been found in atopic dermatitis patients, and this change correlated with the skin barrier properties. To probe the membrane behavior of the long CerNS16 and the very long chain CerNS24, we studied their interactions with fatty acids and cholesterol in model stratum corneum membranes using infrared spectroscopy. Using Cer with deuterated acyls and/or deuterated fatty acids, we showed differences in lipid mixing, packing, and thermotropic phase behavior between long and very long Cer. These differences were observed in the presence of lignoceric acid or a heterogeneous fatty acid mixture (C16-C24), in the presence or absence of cholesterol sulfate, and at 5-95% humidity. In these membranes, very long CerNS24 prefers an extended (splayed-chain) conformation in which the fatty acid is associated with the very long Cer chain. In contrast, the shorter CerNS16 and fatty acids are mostly phase separated.
Next-generation comb generators for accurate modulated measurements (2013)

When calibrating instrumentation used for measurements at RF and microwave frequencies, periodic pulse-shaped signals are used during phase calibration. However to support measurements of narrowband (a few % of the carrier frequency) signals, the repetition rate of the pulse-shaped signal has to be decreased dramatically from GHz to kHz. The signal-to-noise ratio required to measure such a signal is "more than a challenge" for state-of-the-art instrumentation. A new approach is presented which combines two dividers, a psseudo-random bit sequence (PRBS) generator and a logical "and" operation which triggers a pulse generating unit. These degrees of freedom allow to concentrate energy within a given bandwidth around a specified fundamental frequency and its harmonnics, supporting a frequency spacing in the order of kHz in combination with fundamental frequencies in the order of GHz. Another new "tone selective bit sequence" approach is also explained.
An efficiency and scalability model for heterogeneous clusters (2001)

Efficiency and scalability are two key concepts for analyzing the performance of parallel systems. Even though heterogeneous systems are becoming more common, there are no suitable definitions of similar concepts for studying their behaviour. This paper first presents a definition of efficiency that can be applied equally to heterogeneous and homogeneous systems. From that definition, the paper also presents an extension of the isoefficiency method that permits its application to heterogeneous environments as well. Finally the paper presents some experiments where the methods' usefulness and validity are shown.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β /Smad Signaling in Human Dermal Fibroblasts via AP-1 Activation (2000)

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the antagonistic activities of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) against transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is of utmost importance given the physiopathological implications of these cytokines. In this report, we demonstrate that TNF-alpha prevents TGF-beta-induced Smad-specific gene transactivation without inducing detectable levels of inhibitory Smad7 in human dermal fibroblasts. On the other hand, c-Jun and JunB, both induced by TNF-alpha, block Smad3-mediated transcription. Expression of antisense c-Jun mRNA prevents TNF-alpha inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad signaling whereas that of dominant-negative Ikappa-B kinase-alpha or antisense Smad7 does not. We provide evidence for off-DNA interactions between Smad3 and both c-Jun and JunB accompanied with reduced Smad3-DNA interactions. Finally, we show that overexpression of the transcriptional co-activator p300 prevents TNF-alpha/AP-1 inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad signaling. These data suggest that TNF-alpha interferes with Smad signaling through the induction of AP-1 components, the latter forming off-DNA complexes with Smad3 and preventing its binding to specific cis-element(s). In addition, Jun members compete with Smad3 for the common transcription co-activator p300. These two mechanisms are likely to act in concert to decrease Smad-specific transcription.
Pharmacogenomics of Human ABC Transporter ABCC11 (MRP8): Potential Risk of Breast Cancer and Chemotherapy Failure (2010)

Some genetic polymorphisms of human ABC transporter genes are reportedly related to the risk of certain diseases and patients' responses to medication. Human ABCC11 functions as an ATP-dependent efflux pump for amphipathic anions. One non-synonymous SNP 538G>A (Gly180Arg) has been found to greatly affect the function and stability of de novo synthesized ABCC11 (Arg180) variant protein. The SNP variant lacking N-linked glycosylation is recognized as a misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and readily undergoes proteasomal degradation. This ER-associated degradation of ABCC11 protein underlies the molecular mechanism of affecting the function of apocrine glands. On the other hand, the wild type (Gly180) of ABCC11 is associated with wet-type earwax, axillary osmidrosis, colostrum secretion from the mammary gland, and the potential susceptibility of breast cancer. Furthermore, the wild type of ABCC11 reportedly has ability to efflux cyclic nucleotides and nucleoside-based anticancer drugs. The SNP (538G>A) of the ABCC11 gene is suggested to be a clinical biomarker for prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy. Major obstacle to the successful chemotherapy of human cancer is development of resistance, and nucleoside-based chemotherapy is often characterized by inter-individual variability. This review provides an overview about the discovery and the genetic polymorphisms in human ABCC11. Furthermore we focus on the impact of ABCC11 538G>A on the apocrine phenotype, patients' response to nucleoside-based chemotherapy, and the potential risk of breast cancer.
Parameters determining the strength and toughness of particulate‐filled epoxy resins (1987)

Abstract The effects of such parameters as the filler volume fraction, particle size, aspect ratio, modulus and strength of filler, resin‐filler adhesion, and toughness of the matrix on the stiffness, strength, and toughness of particulate‐filled epoxy resins were evaluated. The mechanisms of crack initiation and subsequent crack propagation in these multiphase materials are discussed and illustrated by scanning electron microscopy of fracture surfaces.
KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA (“DRY EYE”) (2022)

Dry eye is an extremely common condition, which affects most people at some stage in their lives. It is also the most common ocular condition that is seen by eye care practitioners. 1 

In the past, dry eye treatment has always been palliative, in the form of tear substitutes. However, in recent years, numerous studies have suggested that dry eye seems to be caused by inflammation. This concept has led to a shift in its treatment. Nonetheless, conventional treatment still plays a fundamental role. 1
Single chip AWG-based Raman spectroscopy for continuous glucose monitoring (2016)

In this paper, we introduce an innovative proposal for a low cost micro Raman spectrometer for non-invasive glucose monitoring. In this design, an Array Waveguide Grating (AWG) chip integrated with PIN photodiodes and a prism coupling are proposed to replace fiber micro alignment in packaging and to reduce system cost. Experiments were designed and conducted to evaluate the impact of thickness of the waveguides and the incident angle of the laser beam on the efficiency of the prism coupling. Considerable light coupling was observed when the waveguide core is 2mm thick. An updated fabrication process was designed and test chip was also fabricated to determine the critical feature size to solve the problem of air bubble resulted in trench filling.
MCMC-based particle filtering for tracking a variable number of interacting targets (2005)

We describe a particle filter that effectively deals with interacting targets--targets that are influenced by the proximity and/or behavior of other targets. The particle filter includes a Markov random field (MRF) motion prior that helps maintain the identity of targets throughout an interaction, significantly reducing tracker failures. We show that this MRF prior can be easily implemented by including an additional interaction factor in the importance weights of the particle filter. However, the computational requirements of the resulting multitarget filter render it unusable for large numbers of targets. Consequently, we replace the traditional importance sampling step in the particle filter with a novel Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling step to obtain a more efficient MCMC-based multitarget filter. We also show how to extend this MCMC-based filter to address a variable number of interacting targets. Finally, we present both qualitative and quantitative experimental results, demonstrating that the resulting particle filters deal efficiently and effectively with complicated target interactions.
Medical image computing at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science in Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (2002)

The author reviews the history of medical image computing at his institute, summarizes the achievements, sketches some of the difficulties encountered, and draws conclusions that might be of interest especially to people new to the field. The origin and history section provides a chronology of this work, emphasizing the milestones reached during the past three decades. In accordance with the author's group's focus on imaging, the paper is accompanied by many pictures, some of which, he thinks, are of historical value.
Parthenolide-depleted Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) protects skin from UV irradiation and external aggression (2007)

The skin is under continual assault from a variety of damaging environmental factors such as ultraviolet irradiation and atmospheric pollutants, and as organisms age the cumulative damage exceeds the capacity of endogenous antioxidant defenses resulting in chronic inflammation and premature aging. Botanical extracts such as Feverfew containing naturally occurring antioxidants could replenish the depleted cutaneous stores and perhaps forestall these degenerative changes. A parthenolide-depleted extract of Feverfew (PD-Feverfew), which was free of sensitization potential, was found to possess free radical scavenging activity against a wide range of reactive oxygen species and with greater activity than Vitamin C. In vitro, PD-Feverfew restored cigarette smoke-mediated depletion of cellular thiols, attenuated the formation of UV-induced hydrogen peroxide and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In vivo, topical PD-Feverfew reduced UV-induced epidermal hyperplasia, DNA damage and apoptosis. In a clinical study PD-Feverfew treatment significantly reduced erythema versus placebo 24 h post-UV exposure. Through the ability to scavenge free radicals, preserve endogenous antioxidant levels, reduce DNA damage and induce DNA repair enzymes, which can help repair damaged DNA, parthenolide-depleted extract of Feverfew may protect skin from the numerous external aggressions encountered daily by the skin and reduce the damage to oxidatively challenged skin.
A CORBA-based remote monitoring system for factory automation (2002)

Supporting rapid response to changing customer requirements, reduction in both time and cost of manufacturing process, and integration within a heterogeneous wide area networked enterprise are necessary to increase worldwide competitiveness in manufacturing. We propose a CORBA based architecture to realize that manufacturing environment. We have developed an ORB for PLC to realize that architecture. And we have developed two prototypes of a remote monitoring system for factory automation, which are a manufacturing line monitoring system and a remote PLC monitoring system which uses a Web browser, to examine feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed architecture. According to experiments with these prototypes, we show the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed CORBA based architecture.
Miniaturized devices for point of care molecular detection of HIV (2016)

The HIV pandemic affects 36.7 million people worldwide, predominantly in resource-poor settings. Nucleic acid-based molecular detection of HIV plays a significant role in antiretroviral treatment monitoring for HIV patients, as well as diagnosis of HIV infection in infants. Currently available molecular diagnostic methods are complex, time-consuming and relatively expensive, thus limiting their use in resource-poor settings. Recent advances in microfluidics technology have made possible low-cost integrated miniaturized devices for molecular detection and quantification of HIV at the point of care. We review recent technical advances in molecular testing of HIV using microfluidic technology, with a focus on assays based on isothermal nucleic acid amplification. Microfluidic components for sample preparation, isothermal amplification and result detection are discussed and compared. We also discuss the challenges and future directions for developing an integrated "sample-to-result" microfluidic platform for HIV molecular detection.
Chronic Ethanol Feeding Alters Hepatocyte Memory Which is not Altered by Acute Feeding (2009)

The results support the concept that chronic ethanol ingestion induces altered gene expression as a result of changes in epigenetic mechanisms, where acetylation and methylation of histones were altered.
Multiterminal DC Wind Farm Collection Grid Internal Fault Analysis and Protection Design (2010)

The multiterminal dc wind farm is a promising topology with a voltage-source inverter (VSI) connection at the onshore grid. Voltage-source converters (VSCs) are robust to ac-side fault conditions. However, they are vulnerable to dc faults on the dc side of the converter. This paper analyzes dc faults, their transients, and the resulting protection issues. Overcurrent faults are analyzed in detail and provide an insight into protection system design. The radial wind farm topology with star or string connection is considered. The outcomes may be applicable for VSCs in the multi-VSC dc wind farm collection grid and VSC-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) offshore transmission systems.
A two codebook format for robust quantization of line spectral frequencies (1995)

An important problem in speech coding is the quantization of linear predictive coefficients (LPCs) with the smallest possible number of bits while maintaining robustness to a large variety of speech material and transmission media. Since direct quantization of LPCs is known to be unsatisfactory, the authors consider this problem for an equivalent representation, namely, the line spectral frequencies (LSFs). To achieve an acceptable level of distortion a scalar quantizer for LSFs requires a 36 bit codebook. The authors derive a 30 bit two-quantizer scheme which achieves a performance equivalent to this scalar quantizer. The two-quantizer format consists of both a vector and a scalar quantizer such that for each input, the better quantizer is used. The vector quantizer is designed from a training set that reflects the joint density (for coding efficiency) and which ensures coverage (for robustness). The scalar quantizer plays a pivotal role in dealing better with regions of the space that are sparsely covered by its vector quantizer counterpart. A further reduction of 1 bit is obtained by formulating a new adaptation algorithm for the vector quantizer and doing a dynamic programming search for both quantizers. The method of adaptation takes advantage of the ordering of the LSFs and imposes no overhead in memory requirements. The dynamic programming search is feasible due to the ordering property. Subjective tests in a speech coder reveal that the 29 bit scheme produces equivalent perceptual quality to that when the parameters are unquantized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Challenges of T cell therapies for virus-associated diseases after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2010)

Reconstitution of HSCT recipients with antigen-specific T cells, produced either by allodepletion or in vitro reactivation, can offer an effective strategy to provide both immediate and long-term protection without harmful alloreactivity.