gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The synthesis and characterization of giant Calixarenes (2019)

Calixarenes are cyclic oligomers obtained by condensation of suitable p-functionalised phenols with formaldehyde, usually allowing for the synthesis of the well known small calixarenes (including up to eight phenolic subunits). We report here the discovery of much larger members of this family, exhibiting sizes up to 90 phenolic subunits: the giant calixarenes. These macrocycles are obtained according to simple, easily scalable processes, in yields up to 65%. We show that the formation of these giant macrocycles is favored by an oxygen-containing-group at the para-position of the starting phenol, high concentrations of heavy alkaline bases (rubidium or cesium hydroxides) and long reaction times. A mechanism is proposed to rationalize these observations. These giant macrocycles can also be obtained in the quasi-solid state, opening interesting perspectives in the field of calixarenes chemistry. Along with their intrinsic fundamental interest, these objects are also opening interesting applicative potentialities.
<title>High-performance type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes</title> (2001)

We report on the demonstration of high performance p-i-n photodiodes based on type-II InAs/GaSb superlattices operating in the very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) range at 80 K. Material is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb substrates with excellent crystal quality as evidenced by x- ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The processed devices with a 50% cutoff wavelength of (lambda) <SUB>c</SUB> equals 22 micrometers show a peak current responsivity about 5.5 A/W at 80 K. The use of binary layers in the superlattice has significantly enhanced the uniformity and reproducibility of the energy gap. The 90% to 10% cut-off energy width of these devices is on the order of 2 kT which is about four times smaller compared to the devices based on InAs/Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>In<SUB>x</SUB>Sb superlattices. Similar photovoltaic devices with cut-off wavelengths up to 25 micrometers have been measured at 80 K. Our experimental results shows excellent uniformity over a three inch wafer area, indicating the possibility of VLWIR focal plane arrays based on type-II superlattices.
Charge-noise-insensitive gate operations for always-on, exchange-only qubits (2016)

We introduce an always-on, exchange-only qubit made up of three localized semiconductor spins that offers a true ``sweet spot'' to fluctuations of the quantum dot energy levels. Both single- and two-qubit gate operations can be performed using only exchange pulses while maintaining this sweet spot. We show how to interconvert this qubit to other three-spin encoded qubits as a resource for quantum computation and communication.
Synthesis of thin films with highly tailored microstructures (2018)

We report a new methodology to synthesize thin films with exceptional microstructural control via systematic, in-situ seeding of nanocrystals into amorphous precursor films. When the amorphous films are subsequently crystallized by thermal annealing, the nanocrystals serve as preferential grain nucleation sites and control their micro/nanostructure. We demonstrate the capability of this methodology by precisely tailoring the size, geometry and spatial distribution of nanostructured grains in structural (TiAl) as well as functional (TiNi) thin films. This synthesis methodology is likely to be applicable to other amorphously grown materials and enables explicit microstructural control in a wide spectrum of thin films/coatings.IMPACT STATEMENTThis paper describes a novel synthesis methodology to precisely tailor the microstructure of thin films and reveals the mechanisms underlying this methodology using in-situ TEM annealing experiments.
Enzyme encapsulation in metal–organic frameworks for applications in catalysis (2017)

Various methods for encapsulating enzymes in metal–organic frameworks are discussed and the catalytic activity of biocomposites prepared using these methods is highlighted.
Nuclear-pumped lasers 2 (1979)

The two main research objectives of the contract were to demonstrate high power nuclear lasering (similar to kWatt) and demonstrate nuclear pumping with fission fragments from (U-235)F6. The progress made towards these objectives is discussed.
The parallel cylindrical mirror electron energy analyzer (2002)

An electrostatic energy analyzer is described that allows parallel acquisition of the energy spectrum of charged particles over a wide range of energies and over the complete range of azimuthal directions. The analyzer is similar to the cylindrical mirror analyzer except that a linear potential variation is applied in the axial direction to the outer cylinder. The analyzer can also be used in a second-order focusing mode to analyze a narrow range of energies with higher energy resolution. A position sensitive detector is required, the shape of which depends on the way in which the analyzer is used. Comparisons with existing electron energy analyzers are given.
Degree-of-interest trees (2002)

This paper proposes Degree-of-Interest trees. These trees use degree-of-interest calculations and focus+context visualization methods, together with bounding constraints, to fit within pre-established bounds. The method is an instance of an emerging "attention-reactive" user interface whose components are designed to snap together in bounded spaces.
Resolution of the Epiretinal Prosthesis is not Limited by Electrode Size (2011)

Epiretinal prostheses for the blind bypass diseased photosensitive cells in the retina, directly stimulating retinal neurons electrically and evoking signals that are relayed to the brain. Current clinical implants have few electrodes and provide limited visual acuity. Acuity may be improved by identifying electrode array design features and operational details that enhance or interfere with visual percept formation. We labeled all retinal ganglion cells in whole mount retina with a calcium reporter and then measured the number and pattern of cells responding, over a range of electrode diameters and stimulus durations. Span of the response scaled with electrode diameter for electrodes 60 μm and larger. Short stimulation pulse widths selectively activated cells nearest the electrode. Our measurements in the salamander retina suggest that the spatial resolution is 150 μm, which on a human retina is equivalent to 0.55(°) of human visual field and corresponding Snellen acuity of 20/660. Reading large print could be possible with such a prosthesis.
A hierarchical method based on active shape models and directed Hough transform for segmentation of noisy biomedical images; application in segmentation of pelvic X-ray images (2009)

The hierarchical algorithm described in this paper automatically detects and segments key structures from pelvic X-rays. Unlike various other x-ray segmentation methods, it does not require manual initialization or input. Moreover, it handles the inconsistencies between x-ray images in a clinical environment and performs successfully in the presence of fracture. This method and the segmentation results provide a valuable base for future work in fracture detection.
Communication-Optimal Proactive Secret Sharing for Dynamic Groups. (2015)

Proactive secret sharing (PSS) schemes are designed for settings where long-term con-dentiality of secrets has to be guaranteed, specically, when all participating parties may eventually be corrupted. PSS schemes periodically refresh secrets and reset corrupted parties to an uncorrupted state; in PSS the corruption threshold t is replaced with a corruption rate which cannot be violated. In dynamic proactive secret sharing (DPSS) the number of parties can vary during the course of execution. DPSS is ideal when the set of participating parties changes over the lifetime of the secret or where removal of parties is necessary if they become severely corrupted. This paper presents the rst DPSS schemes with optimal amortized, O(1), per-secret communication compared to O(n4) or exp(n) in number of parties, n, required by existing schemes. We present perfectly and statistically secure schemes with near-optimal threshold in each case. We also describe how to construct a communication-ecient dynamic proactively-secure multiparty computation (DPMPC) protocol which achieves the same thresholds.
Pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-9-ones: a new series of antiallergic agents (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-9-ones: a new series of antiallergic agentsJagadish C. Sircar, Thomas Capiris, Stephen J. Kesten, and David J. HerzigCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1981, 24, 6, 735–742Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00138a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views728Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (875 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High-Efficiency Longitudinal Diode Bar Pumping of Solid-State Lasers. (1994)

A longitudinal diode bar pumping scheme for a solid state laser has been conceived which can concentrate tens of watts of pump power into a 300 micrometers spot with 90 to 95% efficiency.
Partial stem and leaf resistance against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea in wild relatives of tomato (2006)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of many greenhouse crops that can be infected by the necrotrophic ascomycete Botrytis cinerea. Commercial cultivation of tomato is hampered by the lack of resistance. Quantitative resistance has been reported in wild tomato relatives, mostly based on leaf assays. We aimed to identify wild tomato relatives with resistance to B. cinerea based on quantitative assays both on leaves and stem segments, monitoring infection frequency and disease expansion rate as parameters. A quantitative tomato stem segment assay was developed. This stem assay and a previously described leaf assay were used to screen a collection of 22 Solanum accessions. Significant differences in disease parameters were observed among accessions. Resistance to B. cinerea was observed in a number of wild Solanum species, including accessions of S. chilense, S. habrochaites and S. neorickii, both in the leaf assay and the stem segment assay. A number of resistant and susceptible accessions were evaluated as adult plants under greenhouse conditions. The data obtained in greenhouse assays confirmed the leaf and stem disease data. The expression of several defence-related genes was studied in a subset of accessions. There was no apparent correlation between the expression levels of the genes tested and the quantitative resistance level to B. cinerea.
A handsome set of metrics to measure utterance classification performance in spoken dialog systems (2009)

We present a set of metrics describing classification performance for individual contexts of a spoken dialog system as well as for the entire system. We show how these metrics can be used to train and tune system components and how they are related to Caller Experience, a subjective measure describing how well a caller was treated by the dialog system.
Adaptive Pitch Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines (2007)

The aerodynamic efficiency of a variable-speed wind turbine operating in Region 2, or below-rated wind speeds, is greatly affected by the identification of accurate parameters for the controller. In particular, the power coefficient (Cp) surface must be well known for optimal efficiency to be achieved with a constant-gain controller. However, adaptive control can overcome the inefficiencies caused by inaccurate knowledge of the Cp surface. Previous work focused on adaptive torque gain control to cause a variable-speed turbine to operate, on average, at the tip-speed ratio λ* for which the maximum Cp occurs. This paper considers the effects of adaptive blade pitch angle control on a turbine’s aerodynamic efficiency. Computer simulations and tests on a field turbine are used to verify the adaptive pitch control scheme. Simulation and field test results demonstrate that the adaptive pitch controller causes the pitch angle to approach its optimal value. Adaptive pitch control can be used to seek the optimal pitch angle for energy capture in Region 2 operation. Additional field operation is required before a statistically significant improvement in energy capture can be demonstrated.
Pragmatic approach to soft-decision decoding of linear block codes (1995)

The complexity of algorithms to perform soft-decision decoding on block codes has impeded their use in practical systems. The authors investigate correlation decoding along with hard-decision decoding. The proposed method uses a hard-decision decoder that decodes to a codeword. Although this codeword may be in error, it is usually close in Hamming distance to the transmitted codeword. Correlation is then performed on only a small set of 'nearby' codewords. This pseudo maximum likelihood (PML) decoding method can approach the performance of true correlation decoding with a significant reduction in complexity.
MR angiography by multiple thin slab 3D acquisition (1991)

Multiple overlapping thin 3D slab acquisition is presented as a magnitude contrast (time of flight) technique which combines advantages from multiple thin slice 2D and direct 3D volume acquisitions to obtain high-resolution cross-sectional images of vessel detail. Details of implementation and example images are presented.
Changes in CT Radiomic Features Associated with Lymphocyte Distribution Predict Overall Survival and Response to Immunotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2019)

No predictive biomarkers can robustly identify patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies. Here, in a machine learning setting, we compared changes ("delta") in the radiomic texture (DelRADx) of CT patterns both within and outside tumor nodules before and after two to three cycles of ICI therapy. We found that DelRADx patterns could predict response to ICI therapy and overall survival (OS) for patients with NSCLC. We retrospectively analyzed data acquired from 139 patients with NSCLC at two institutions, who were divided into a discovery set (D<sub>1</sub> = 50) and two independent validation sets (D<sub>2</sub> = 62, D<sub>3</sub> = 27). Intranodular and perinodular texture descriptors were extracted, and the relative differences were computed. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier was trained with 8 DelRADx features to predict RECIST-derived response. Association of delta-radiomic risk score (DRS) with OS was determined. The association of DelRADx features with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density on the diagnostic biopsies (<i>n</i> = 36) was also evaluated. The LDA classifier yielded an AUC of 0.88 ± 0.08 in distinguishing responders from nonresponders in D<sub>1</sub>, and 0.85 and 0.81 in D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> DRS was associated with OS [HR: 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-2.21; <i>P</i> = 0.0011; C-index = 0.72). Peritumoral Gabor features were associated with the density of TILs on diagnostic biopsy samples. Our results show that DelRADx could be used to identify early functional responses in patients with NSCLC.
Ray-Based Haptic Rendering: Force and Torque Interactions between a Line Probe and 3D Objects in Virtual Environments (2000)

Virtual environments (VEs) that enable the user to touch, feel, and manipulate virtual objects through haptic interactions are expected to have applications in many areas such as medicine, CAD/CAM, entertainment, fine arts, and education. The current state of technology allows the human operator to interact with virtual objects through the probe (such as a thimble or a stylus) of a force-reflecting haptic interface. Most of the current haptic interaction algorithms model the probe as a single point and allow the user to feel the forces that arise from point interactions with virtual objects. In this paper, we propose a ray-based haptic-rendering algorithm that enables the user to touch and feel convex polyhedral objects with a line segment model of the probe. The ray-based haptic-rendering algorithm computes both forces and torques due to collisions of the tip and/or side of the probe with multiple virtual objects, as required in simulating many tool-handling applications. Since the real-time simulation of haptic interactions between a 3D tool and objects is computationally quite expensive, the ray-based rendering can be considered as an intermediate step toward achieving this goal by simplifying the computational model of the tool. To compare the ray- and point-based haptic interaction techniques in the haptic perception of 3D objects, we conducted perceptual experiments in which the participants were asked to identify the shape of four different 3D primitives (sphere, cone, cylinder, and cube) that were displayed in random order using both point-and ray-based techniques. The results of the study show that on average, 3D objects are recognized faster with ray-based rendering than with point-based rendering.
Wavelength self stabilisation of coupled-cavity semiconductor lasers (1984)

A simple wavelength control circuit is demonstrated that maintains single-longitudinal-mode operation of coupled-cavity semiconductor lasers over wide ranges of temperature. Photodetection properties of the lasing system itself are used for generating the discriminating signal for the feedback loop. No external optical elements like photodetectors or spectrometers are required.
PUMA gene delivery to synoviocytes reduces inflammation and degeneration of arthritic joints (2017)

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is the cause of chronic inflammation in joints and of joint damage. Delivery of the pro-apoptotic gene PUMA to FLS via human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV5) vectors has been tested as a therapeutic approach, but efficiency is hampered by low transduction, as FLS do not express HAdV5 receptors on the cell surface. Here we show that efficient transduction of PUMA in FLS can be achieved by conjugating HAdV5 to a baculovirus, which binds to the cell surface via the envelope glycoprotein Gp64. Intra-articular injection in an adjuvant-induced rat model of RA induces apoptosis of FLS, leading to significant decrease in joint inflammation, joint damage, and bone loss with improvement in joint function and mobility. Our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of PUMA gene therapy as a local treatment in various forms of arthritis in which abnormal FLS proliferation is implicated.Proliferation of synoviocytes contributes to joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Here the authors show that targeting of these cells by a vector, consisting of a baculovirus conjugated to an adenovirus carrying the pro-apoptotic gene PUMA, has therapeutic efficacy in a rat arthritis model.
Resiliency Analytics Framework for Service Delivery Organizations (2012)

Resiliency is a key word for a broad range of service delivery organizations. It is defined as the ability of an organization to rapidly adapt and effectively respond to the disruptions in its operations. A service delivery organization delivers a set of services which are essentially specified by their required set of resources. The organization sets up an infrastructural network of resources required for the service delivery and assigns to each service, its required set of resources. It also keeps sufficient residual capacity of the resources for the purpose of contingency planning. At the time of a disruptive incident, it reallocates the resources to the affected services from its residual capacity to keep the service running while the effects of the disruptions are reversed. Such actions of reallocating the resources to deal with disruptions to the original allocation are called recourse actions. We develop a framework that enables a data and analytics driven approach to achieve efficient recourse actions based resiliency. Our framework is based on abstractions of three important aspects of a service delivery organization, namely, the infrastructural network of resources, the set of services in terms of their requirements of resources, and the set of disruptive scenarios that an organization has to contend with. Our model also captures the different dependencies that exist within the infrastructure network. For instance, if the power supply is affected, our model allows us to infer all the other infrastructure resources which get affected as a consequence of the lack of power supply. There are no benchmark datasets to test the quality of resiliency analytics because of two reasons: nascency of research in this area and the classified nature of the organizational data required for such analytics. So, we have developed a simulation engine aimed at mimicking real-life organizations. We demonstrate how our framework can be used to proactively identify critical scenarios that could have adverse impact on the service delivery of an organization. We then show how such a knowledge can be used to make intelligent allocation of resources to the services so as to enable efficient recourse actions. These two analyses highlight that our framework can essentially serve as a decision support system for resiliency.
Cover Picture: Multilayer Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes: White‐Light Emission with High Efficiency (Adv. Mater. 17/2005) (2005)

Abstract White‐light‐emitting polymer diodes can be fabricated by solution processing using a blend of luminescent semiconducting polymers and organometallic complexes as the emission layer, and water‐soluble (or ethanol‐soluble) polymers and/or small molecules as the hole‐injection/transport layer (HIL/HTL) and the electron injection/transport layer (EIL/ETL), as reported on p. 2053 by Gong, Bazan, Heeger and co‐workers. Illumination‐quality light is obtained from these multilayer, high‐performance devices, with stable CIE coordinates, color temperatures, and high color‐rendering indices all close to those of “pure” white light. The cover illustration envisages the incorporation of the fabrication technique with low‐cost manufacturing technology in order to produce large areas of high‐quality white light.
Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Liver Fibrosis Staging (2014)

Fibroscan's usual binary cutoffs for cirrhosis diagnosis are not sufficiently accurate. Fibrosis classification should be preferred over binary diagnosis. A cirrhosis-specific blood test markedly attenuates the accuracy deficit for cirrhosis diagnosis of usual blood tests versus transient elastometry, and may offer better prognostication.