gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Germacrene C synthase from Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT Cherry tomato: cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of the multiple product sesquiterpene cyclase (elemeneyterpenoid cyclaseysesquiterpene synthaseyfarnesyl diphosphate cyclization) (1998)

Germacrene C was found by GC-MS and NMR analysis to be the most abundant sesquiterpene in the leaf oil of Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT Cherry, with lesser amounts of germacrene A, guaia-6,9-diene, germacrene B, b-caryophyllene, a-humulene, and germacrene D. Soluble enzyme preparations from leaves catalyzed the divalent metal ion-dependent cyclization of (1- 3 H)farnesyl diphosphate to these same sesquiterpene olefins, as determined by radio-GC. To obtain a germacrene synthase cDNA, a set of degenerate primers was constructed based on conserved amino acid sequences of related terpenoid cyclases. With cDNA prepared from leaf epidermis-enriched mRNA, these primers amplified a 767-bp fragment that was used as a hybridization probe to screen the cDNA library. Thirty-one clones were evaluated for functional expression of terpenoid cyclase activity in Esche- richia coli by using labeled geranyl, farnesyl, and geranylgera- nyl diphosphates as substrates. Nine cDNA isolates expressed sesquiterpene synthase activity, and GC-MS analysis of the products identified germacrene C with smaller amounts of germacrene A, B, and D. None of the expressed proteins was active with geranylgeranyl diphosphate; however, one trun- cated protein converted geranyl diphosphate to the monoter- pene limonene. The cDNA inserts specify a deduced polypep- tide of 548 amino acids (Mr 5 64,114), and sequence compar- ison with other plant sesquiterpene cyclases indicates that germacrene C synthase most closely resembles cotton d-cadinene synthase (50% identity).
Lithium anode stable in air for low-cost fabrication of a dendrite-free lithium battery (2019)

Lithium metal, the ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries, suffers from the inherent limitations of sensitivity to the humid atmosphere and dendrite growth. Herein, low-cost fabrication of a metallic-lithium anode that is stable in air and plated dendrite-free from an organic-liquid electrolyte solves four key problems that have plagued the development of large-scale Li-ion batteries for storage of electric power. Replacing the low-capacity carbon anode with a safe, dendrite-free lithium anode provides a fast charge while reducing the cost of fabrication of a lithium battery, and increasing the cycle life of a rechargeable cell by eliminating the liquid-electrolyte ethylene-carbonate additive used to form a solid-electrolyte interphase passivation layer on the anode that is unstable during cycling. This solution is accomplished by formation of a hydrophobic solid-electrolyte interphase on a metallic-lithium anode that allows for handling of the treated lithium anode membrane in a standard dry room during cell fabrication.
A Comparison of the Modes of Actions of Human Salivary and Pancreatic α-Amylases on Modified Maltooligosaccharides (1988)

The actions of three isozymes of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) on phenyl alpha-maltopentaoside, phenyl alpha-maltotetraoside, and their derivatives which have an iodo, an amino, or a carboxyl group at their first or penultimate glucopyranosyl residue from the non-reducing-end were examined. The results revealed that there was no difference in the actions of the three isozymes on the modified substrates and suggested the presence of five subsites (S3, S2, S1, S1', and S2') and a hydrophobic amino acid residue at subsite S3 in the active site of HPA. As compared with the action of human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) on the same substrates, HPA had a tendency to release more phenyl alpha-glucoside from every substrate; however, an iodo, an amino, and a carboxyl group of the substrates had the same effects on the binding modes of the substrates to the active site of HPA as seen in the case of the salivary enzyme. This result indicates that the three-dimensional structures of the active sites of both alpha-amylases are quite similar except for some minor changes at subsites S3 and S2'.
A miniaturized low-cost ion mobility spectrometer for fast detection of trace gases in air (2008)

In this paper we present an optimized design of our miniaturized ion mobility spectrometer. It has significantly improved analytical capabilities compared to our previous prototypes, and it can be manufactured at low cost by simply stacking four easy-to-manufacture parts. Different gases were measured down to low ppb-level concentrations in air to demonstrate the analytical performance. The system was challenged with Dimethyl methylphosphonate, Diisopropyl methylphosphonate, Diethyl cyanophosphonate, 2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, Methyl caproate and 1-Octanol. The resolution of our miniaturized IMS is now sufficient to partly resolve different product ion peaks. However, substance identification by peak position is still difficult. Therefore, a simple pattern recognition algorithm is used for substance identification. Reliable identification of single substances is possible down to low ppb-level concentrations within 3 seconds.
Comparative study of sampling moiré and windowed Fourier transform techniques for demodulation of a single-fringe pattern (2018)

Phase measurement techniques using a single-shot carrier fringe pattern play an important role in optical science and technology and have been widely used for various applications. In this paper, we focus on the comparative study of two major fringe analysis techniques, the sampling moiré (SM) and the windowed Fourier transform (WFT). While SM converts a single-fringe pattern to multiple phase-shifted moiré fringe patterns to extract the phase information in the spatial domain, WFT obtains the phase information in the windowed Fourier domain; thus, the two methods look entirely different. We evaluate the phase extraction errors of SM and windowed Fourier ridges (WFRs) as a typical WFT method for both linear and nonlinear phases with/without noise against the reference Fourier transform (FT) technique. For the simulated fringe patterns with linear or nonlinear phase and different random noise level, all the methods have high phase extraction accuracies. For a real experiment with more complicated phase and discontinuities, SM and WFR, both local methods, yield quite similar results and outperform FT.
Charge Pump Gate Drive to Reduce Turn-ON Switching Loss of SiC MOSFETs (2020)

Turn-on loss is the dominant part of the switching loss for SiC MOSFETs in hard switching. Reducing turn-on loss with conventional voltage source gate drives (VSGs) is difficult because of the limited gate voltage rating and large internal gate resistance of SiC MOSFETs. A charge pump gate drive (CPG) that can reduce the turn-on loss is presented in this article. By precharging the charge-storage capacitor in the gate drive with a charge pump circuit, the gate drive output voltage is pumped up to provide higher gate current during the turn-on transient. As a result, the turn-on time and loss is decreased. Moreover, due to the charge transfer from the charge-storage capacitor to the MOSFET gate capacitance, the pumped output voltage can naturally drop back to a normal value that avoids gate overcharging. The structure of the gate drive is simple, and no additional control is needed. The operation of the proposed CPG is verified with double pulse tests based on SiC MOSFETs. The switching loss of the proposed CPG is reduced by up to 71.7% compared to the conventional VSG at full load condition.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF CYCLIC KETONES BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE CATALYZED BY GROUP 6 METAL PEROXO COMPLEXES (1979)

Abstract Die Oxidation der cyclischen Ketone (II) und (V) durch Wasserstoffperoxid wird durch Molybdän‐Komplexe, z.B. (I), katalysiert.
A Computer-Controlled Walking System (1986)

A system that was developed to enable paraplegics and quadriplegics to stand and walk is described in this paper. This system is a combination of the Louisiana State University (LSU) reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO) and functional electrical stimulation (FES). The system uses closed-loop control of the knee. Electrical stimulation of the hamstring muscles, quadriceps muscles, and gluteus maximus muscles was accomplished under computer control for standing, sitting, and walking in subjects in the RGO. The braces offer the advantages of postural stability and protection from injury if a fall were to occur. Electrical stimulation increases the efficiency and speed of movement, making a more practical system than use of the braces alone. Electrically conductive clothing can be used to stimulate the muscle transcutaneously and, thereby, eliminate the need for numerous wires. Consequently, a system can now be fabricated that is much easier to use, more cosmetic, and requires less maintenance than previous walking systems.
Green Synthesis of Hydrophobic Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with Plant Extract and Their Application as Petroleum Oil Spill Collectors (2018)

In this study, an easy, rapid and eco-friendly method was used successfully to synthesize the magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). In order to fine-tune the synthesized MNPs for the collection of heavy crude oil spills, the particles' surface was modified with green hydrophobic biocomponents that were extracted from <i>Anthemis</i> <i>pseudocotula</i> (AP). The surface modified reaction carried with that of the MNPs in the presence of <i>n</i>-hexane extract (APH) resulted in the formation of APH-MNPs, while in the presence of chloroform extract (APC), resulted in APC-MNPs formation. The as-formed MNPs were thoroughly characterized using transmittance electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermogravimetric analysis. The efficiency of the surface-modified MNPs for the collection of oil spills in the presence of an external magnetic field was evaluated by taking different ratios of MNPs:crude oil. From the analysis of the results, we found that the APH-MNPs particles have higher efficiency in the collection of heavy crude oil than the corresponding APC-MNPs.
Distributed User-Centric Clustering and Precoding Design for CoMP Joint Transmission (2015)

This paper addresses distributed interference management in downlink of multi-cell multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) time division duplex (TDD) networks. Each user is associated with a user-centric cluster of base stations (BSs), which cooperatively serve the user through CoMP joint transmission. Clusters of different users possibly share some BSs such that they may overlap, being coupled by interference and transmit power constraints at each BS. Our objective is the design of BSs clustering and precoding matrices per-user in order to maximize the weighted sum-rate of the system by controlling the interference and the power spent at BSs. In contrast to previous works where all channel matrices in the system are needed, we propose a distributed procedure whereby only channel matrices towards a limited number of candidate BSs per user are required while interference is still controlled by using the signal received from an uplink transmission. For an LTE-compliant dense deployment of 2×2 MIMO BSs/users, results show gains of 6-16% in terms of sum-rate and 49-84% in terms of 5%-tile per-user rate (depending on the maximum cluster size) as compared to distributed BS-disjoint clustering schemes.
Photoinduced Phase Transfer of Luminescent Quantum Dots to Polar and Aqueous Media (2012)

We report a new strategy for the photomediated phase transfer of luminescent quantum dots, QDs, and potentially other inorganic nanocrystals, from hydrophobic to polar and hydrophilic media. In particular, we demonstrate that UV-irradiation (λ < 400 nm) promotes the in situ ligand exchange on hydrophobic CdSe QDs with lipoic acid (LA)-based ligands and their facile QD transfer to polar solvents and to buffer media. This convenient method obviates the need to use highly reactive agents for chemical reduction of the dithiolane groups on the ligands. It maintains the optical and spectroscopic properties of the QDs, while providing high photoluminescence yield and robust colloidal stability in various biologically relevant conditions. Furthermore, development of this technique significantly simplifies the preparation and purification of QDs with sensitive functionalities. Application of these QDs to imaging the brain of live mice provides detailed information about the brain vasculature over the period of a few hours. This straightforward approach offers exciting possibilities for expanded functional compatibilities and reaction orthogonality on the surface of inorganic nanocrystals.
Analysis of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Reactivity Index Electronic Monitoring Methods (2011)

Pressure reactivity index (PRx), which is a moving linear correlation (or Pearson's correlation) between slow waves of ABP and ICP is used as an estimator of the human brain cerebrovascular autoregulation state. Slow ICP and IBP waves were modeled and PRx was calculated by widely used calculation method. It was shown, that existing PRx calculation method gives non- linear PRx distortions comparing  with phase shift of ABP and ICP slow waves. It was proposed PRx calculation method, which eliminates non-linear phase demodulator (Pearson's correlation coefficient calculator), brought in monitoring of human brain cerebrovascular autoregulation. Ill. 7, bibl. 18 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.114.8.687
Cucurbit[<i>n</i>]uril Analogues:  Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies (2005)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of cucurbit[n]uril analogues (18, 19, (+/-)-20, 33, 34, 35, 36, and 37) is presented. These CB[5], CB[6], and CB[7] analogues all contain bis(phthalhydrazide) walls that are incorporated into the macrocycle. The tailor-made synthesis of these CB[n] analogues proceeds by the condensation of the appropriate bis(electrophile) (4, 7, or 9) with bis(phthalhydrazide) (17), which delivers the CB[6] and CB[7] analogues in good yield, whereas the CB[5] analogue is formed in low yield. To improve the solubility characteristics of the CB[n] analogues for recognition studies in water or organic solution, the CO2Et groups were transformed to CO2H and CO2(CH2)9CH3 groups. On the basis of the results of product resubmission experiments, we conclude that these macrocycles are kinetic products. To help rationalize the good yields obtained in the CB[6] and CB[7] analogue macrocyclization reactions, we performed mechanistic studies of model methylene bridged glycoluril dimers, which suggest an intramolecular isomerization during CB[n] analogue formation.
Effective NY-ESO-1–specific MHC II–restricted T cell receptors from antigen-negative hosts enhance tumor regression (2018)

Adoptive transfer of T cell receptor-engineered (TCR-engineered) T cells is a promising approach in cancer therapy but needs improvement for more effective treatment of solid tumors. While most clinical approaches have focused on CD8+ T cells, the importance of CD4+ T cells in mediating tumor regression has become apparent. Regarding shared (self) tumor antigens, it is unclear whether the human CD4+ T cell repertoire has been shaped by tolerance mechanisms and lacks highly functional TCRs suitable for therapy. Here, TCRs against the tumor-associated antigen NY-ESO-1 were isolated either from human CD4+ T cells or from mice that express a diverse human TCR repertoire with HLA-DRA/DRB1*0401 restriction and are NY-ESO-1 negative. NY-ESO-1-reactive TCRs from the mice showed superior recognition of tumor cells and higher functional activity compared with TCRs from humans. We identified a candidate TCR, TCR-3598_2, which was expressed in CD4+ T cells and caused tumor regression in combination with NY-ESO-1-redirected CD8+ T cells in a mouse model of adoptive T cell therapy. These data suggest that MHC II-restricted TCRs against NY-ESO-1 from a nontolerant nonhuman host are of optimal affinity and that the combined use of MHC I- and II-restricted TCRs against NY-ESO-1 can make adoptive T cell therapy more effective.
Observing Biosynthetic Activity Utilizing Next Generation Sequencing and the DNA Linked Enzyme Coupled Assay (2016)

Currently, the identification of new genes drastically outpaces current experimental methods for determining their enzymatic function. This disparity necessitates the development of high-throughput techniques that operate with the same scalability as modern gene synthesis and sequencing technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate the versatility of the recently reported DNA-Linked Enzyme-Coupled Assay (DLEnCA) and its ability to support high-throughput data acquisition through next-generation sequencing (NGS). Utilizing methyltransferases, we highlight DLEnCA's ability to rapidly profile an enzyme's substrate specificity, determine relative enzyme kinetics, detect biosynthetic formation of a target molecule, and its potential to benefit from the scales and standardization afforded by NGS. This improved methodology minimizes the effort in acquiring biosynthetic knowledge by tying biochemical techniques to the rapidly evolving abilities in sequencing and synthesizing DNA.
The Efficacy of the GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide in the Treatment of Short Bowel Syndrome (2007)

Purpose: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a serious medical problem resulting in severe diarrhea and nutritional deprivation. The symptoms result from lack of absorptive surface and loss of the braking mechanisms controlling the proximal gut. One of the missing, distally produced, peptides that control the proximal gut is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). In this study we test the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exenatide, on short bowel syndrome. Methods: SBS subjects were selected based on clinical symptoms and greater than 50% distal small bowel resection. Before beginning exenatide treatment, each patient completed a questionnaire documenting stool frequency and consistency. In addition, SBS symptoms, CBC, chemistries and BMI were also obtained. An antroduodenal manometry study was performed during fasting, after exenatide, and after a subsequent test meal. Each patient was then started on exenatide 5 to 10 mcg subcutaneously twice a day. Over the following month the baseline parameters measured were repeated. Results: The subjects consisted of 4 males and 1 female, ages 46 to 69 (mean: 57.2). At baseline, all patients had severe diarrhea that ranged from 7 to 15 bowel movements per day, often occurring within 15 minutes of eating. After exenatide, all 5 patients had an immediate improvement in bowel frequency and form. In the most severely affected patient, the bowel movements reduced from 15 watery bowel movements per day to 2–3 formed stool. In all subjects, bowel movements were no longer meal related and often occurred hours after any meal. At baseline nutritional parameters were stable due to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in most cases (N = 3). However, after exenatide, all 3 patients no longer needed TPN. Despite the lack of TPN, no weight loss or biochemical nutritional deterioration was observed in any case. Previous attempts at ceasing TPN had resulted in immediate and life-threatening dehydraton and malnutrition. Using normal bowel function as a goal, subjects described their improvement with exenatide as 65–100% improved. Antroduodenal manometry in 2 out of 5 subjects demonstrated continuous low amplitude gastric contractions during fasting which completely normalized after exenatide. Conclusion: Exenatide is a novel and safe treatment option for SBS. It normalizes bowel function and maintains nutritional status. Successful treatment with exenatide may significantly reduce the need for parenteral nutrition.
Two flux weakening schemes for surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous drives. Design and transient response considerations (2003)

Two recently published flux weakening schemes for surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous (SMPMS) motor drives have offered estimable advantages over previous solutions. The first scheme uses values of the voltage reference to generate an adequate flux weakening component of the stator current, whereas the second method detects an increase of the tracking error in torque-producing current component and uses the error signal for the flux weakening control. The viability of the algorithms has been demonstrated and the schemes have been compared and analyzed in steady-state operation. The transient behavior is very important for electric vehicles and other high-performance applications. Here, the authors analyze the transient response characteristics of both schemes when a sudden change in the torque reference is received. The paper also describes an approach to practical regulator design and parameter selection for the flux weakening control section.
A computer algorithm for differentiating valid from distorted pulse oximeter waveforms in neonates (1995)

Current pulse oximeter technology is fraught with a significant false alarm rate. This is mainly due to motion artifacts at the sensor site which distort the pulse waveform and render the computation of SaO2 invalid. If the pulse waveform could be automatically recognized as either normal or distorted, then only valid SaO2 values would be displayed. We observed that the systolic upstroke time (Sy) of the pulse waveform has a narrow and consistent range in normal appearing pulses. The systolic upstroke time (Sy) is the time from the onset of systole to the peak of the pulse waveform. Comparison of a preset range of Sy was made against Sy obtained by computer analysis of each pulse waveform. Visual examination of 14,090 pulses was carried out to determine the sensitivity and false positive rate of the algorithm. Sensitivity of computer detection of valid pulses was 92% with a positive predictive value of 92%. When used on line for continuous recording of SaO2 in patients, this simple algorithm has the potential to decrease the false alarm rate of pulse oximeters and improve the accuracy of long-term SaO2 recordings.
Guessing random additive noise decoding with symbol reliability\n information (SRGRAND) (2019)

The design and implementation of error correcting codes has long been\ninformed by two fundamental results: Shannon's 1948 capacity theorem, which\nestablished that long codes use noisy channels most efficiently; and Berlekamp,\nMcEliece, and Van Tilborg's 1978 theorem on the NP-hardness of decoding linear\ncodes. These results shifted focus away from creating code-independent\ndecoders, but recent low-latency communication applications necessitate\nrelatively short codes, providing motivation to reconsider the development of\nuniversal decoders.\n We introduce a scheme for employing binarized symbol soft information within\nGuessing Random Additive Noise Decoding, a universal hard detection decoder. We\nincorporate codebook-independent quantization of soft information to indicate\ndemodulated symbols to be reliable or unreliable. We introduce two decoding\nalgorithms: one identifies a conditional Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding; the\nother either reports a conditional ML decoding or an error. For random\ncodebooks, we present error exponents and asymptotic complexity, and show\nbenefits over hard detection.\n As empirical illustrations, we compare performance with majority logic\ndecoding of Reed-Muller codes, with Berlekamp-Massey decoding of\nBose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes, with CA-SCL decoding of CA-Polar codes, and\nestablish the performance of Random Linear Codes, which require a universal\ndecoder and offer a broader palette of code sizes and rates than traditional\ncodes.\n