gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Head-Free, Remote Eye-Gaze Detection System Based on Pupil-Corneal Reflection Method With Easy Calibration Using Two Stereo-Calibrated Video Cameras (2013)

We have developed a pupil-corneal reflection method-based gaze detection system, which allows large head movements and achieves easy gaze calibration. This system contains two optical systems consisting of components such as a camera and a near-infrared light source attached to the camera. The light source has two concentric LED rings with different wavelengths. The inner and outer rings generate bright and dark pupil images, respectively. The pupils are detected from a difference image created by subtracting the bright and dark pupil images. The light source also generates the corneal reflection. The 3-D coordinates of the pupils are determined by the stereo matching method using two optical systems. The vector from the corneal reflection center to the pupil center in the camera image is determined as r. The angle between the line of sight and the line passing through the pupil center and the camera (light source) is denoted as θ. The relationship θ =k |r| is assumed, where k is a constant. The theory implies that head movement of the user is allowed and facilitates the gaze calibration procedure. In the automatic calibration method, k is automatically determined while the user looks around on the PC screen without fixating on any specific calibration target. In the one-point calibration method, the user is asked to fixate on one calibration target at the PC screen in order to correct the difference between the optical and visual axes. In the two-point calibration method, in order to correct the nonlinear relationship between θ and |r|, the user is asked to fixate on two targets. The experimental results show that the three proposed calibration methods improve the precision of gaze detection step by step. In addition, the average gaze error in the visual angle is less than 1° for the seven head positions of the user.
Synthesis-based texture coding for video compression with side information (2008)

This paper presents a synthesis-based texture coding technique that uses low-quality video as side information to control the output texture for video compression. As compared with the current pure synthesis algorithm, the proposed algorithm is generic, in the sense that the behavior and quality of the output texture can be adjusted by the amount of the side information and determined by the user. We develop an area-adaptive side information assignment technique to improve coding efficiency. Additionally, we present a fast-searching algorithm to reduce computational complexity. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed technique.
A floating-point fused dot-product unit (2008)

A floating-point fused dot-product unit is presented that performs single-precision floating-point multiplication and addition operations on two pairs of data in a time that is only 150% the time required for a conventional floating-point multiplication. When placed and routed in a 45 nm process, the fused dot-product unit occupied about 70% of the area needed to implement a parallel dot-product unit using conventional floating-point adders and multipliers. The speed of the fused dot-product is 27% faster than the speed of the conventional parallel approach. The numerical result of the fused unit is more accurate because one rounding operation is needed versus at least three for other approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Controlled Aliphatic C—H Oxidations with a Predictive Model for Site‐Selectivity. (2014)

ChemInformVolume 45, Issue 14 Preparative Organic Chemistry ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst-Controlled Aliphatic C—H Oxidations with a Predictive Model for Site-Selectivity. Paul E. Gormisky, Paul E. Gormisky Dep. Chem., Univ. Ill., Urbana, IL 61801, USASearch for more papers by this authorM. Christina White, M. Christina White Dep. Chem., Univ. Ill., Urbana, IL 61801, USASearch for more papers by this author Paul E. Gormisky, Paul E. Gormisky Dep. Chem., Univ. Ill., Urbana, IL 61801, USASearch for more papers by this authorM. Christina White, M. Christina White Dep. Chem., Univ. Ill., Urbana, IL 61801, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 March 2014 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201414028Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume45, Issue14April 8, 2014 RelatedInformation
Reciprocating optical modulation for millimeter-wave generation by using a dual-section fiber Bragg grating (2002)

We investigated reciprocating optical modulation (ROM) for millimeter-wave generation. The system was composed of an optical phase modulator and a pair of optical filters. A lightwave modulated by V-band millimeter waves was obtained from a 5-GHz electric signal. The spectrum linewidths of the generated 60-GHz millimeter wave was smaller than 300 Hz. By using mode-coupling equations, the spectra of the output lightwave were theoretically calculated. It was shown that the spectra depend on the optical path length between the two optical filters, so that harmonic generation and mixing with baseband signals can be obtained simultaneously. Intensity modulation of the generated millimeter wave was demonstrated by applying a baseband signal to the modulator without using another electric or optical modulator.
Rearrangement of the bcl-6 Gene as a Prognostic Marker in Diffuse Large-Cell Lymphoma (1994)

Rearrangement of the bcl-6 gene correlated with a favorable clinical outcome in DLLC and may thus serve as a prognostic marker in patients with this form of malignant lymphoma.
Enhanced Production of Extracellular Enzymes by Mutants of<i>Bacillus</i>That Have Acquired Resistance to Vancomycin and Ristocetin (1991)

Journal Article Enhanced Production of Extracellular Enzymes by Mutants of Bacillus That Have Acquired Resistance to Vancomycin and Ristocetin Get access Susumu Ito, Susumu Ito Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yu-ichi Toyama, Yu-ichi Toyama Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masaharu Shimooka, Masaharu Shimooka Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mikio Takaiwa, Mikio Takaiwa Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Katsuya Ozaki, Katsuya Ozaki Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigehito Adachi, Shigehito Adachi Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Present address: Shinohara Water Treatment Co., Ltd., Saruyama, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kikuhiko Okamoto Kikuhiko Okamoto Tochigi Research Laboratories of Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai, Haga, Tochigi 321–34, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 55, Issue 9, 1 September 1991, Pages 2387–2391, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870982 Published: 01 September 1991 Article history Received: 26 April 1991 Published: 01 September 1991
Method of injecting fluid propellants into a rocket combustion chamber (1991)

A rocket injector is provided with multiple sets of manifolds for supplying propellants to injector elements. Sensors transmit the temperatures of the propellants to a suitable controller which is operably connected to valves between these manifolds and propellant storage tanks. Additional valves are opened to furnish propellants to more of the manifolds when cryogenic propellant temperatures are sensed. Only a portion of the valves are opened to furnish propellants to some of the manifolds when lower temperatures are sensed.
Stem Cell Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2010)

Human embryonic stem cells provide a useful source of material for studying basic human development and various disease states. However, ethical issues concerning their procurement limit their acceptance and possible clinical applicability. Recent advances in stem cell technology have provided an alternative source of pluripotent stem cells that does not require the use of an embryo. This review addresses the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from skin fibroblasts taken from various patient populations, with a specific focus on the pediatric disorder spinal muscular atrophy. These patient-derived cells may help researchers devise more appropriate therapies through a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie neuron dysfunction and death in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, they provide an ideal platform for small-molecule screening and subsequent drug development.
Image-rotating cavity designs for improved beam quality in nanosecond optical parametric oscillators (2001)

We show by computer simulation that high beam quality can be achieved in high-energy, nanosecond optical parametric oscillators by use of image-rotating resonators. Lateral walk-off between the signal and the idler beams in a nonlinear crystal creates correlations across the beams in the walk off direction, or equivalently, creates a restricted acceptance angle. These correlations can improve the beam quality in the walk-off plane. We show that image rotation or reflection can be used to improve beam quality in both planes. The lateral walk-off can be due to birefringent walk-off in type II mixing or to noncollinear mixing in type I or type II mixing.
Materials and Systems for Organic Redox Flow Batteries: Status and Challenges (2017)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are propitious stationary energy storage technologies with exceptional scalability and flexibility to improve the stability, efficiency, and sustainability of our power grid. The redox-active materials are the key component for RFBs with which to achieve high energy density and good cyclability. Traditional inorganic-based materials encounter critical technical and economic limitations such as low solubility, inferior electrochemical activity, and high cost. Redox-active organic materials (ROMs) are promising alternative “green” candidates to push the boundaries of energy storage because of the significant advantages of molecular diversity, structural tailorability, and natural abundance. Here, the recent development of a variety of ROMs and associated battery designs in both aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes are reviewed. The critical challenges and potential research opportunities for developing practically relevant organic flow batteries are discussed.
Fast Simulation of Inextensible Hair and Fur (2012)

In this short paper we focus on the fast simulation of hair and fur on animated characters. While it is common in films to simulate single hair strands on virtual humans and on furry animals, those features are either not present on characters in computer games or modeled with simplified textured meshes. The main difficulty of simulating hair in real time applications is the sheer number of hair strands and the fact that each hair is inextensible. Keeping thousands of deformable objects from being stretched is computationally expensive. In this paper, we present a robust method for simulating hair and fur that guarantees inextensiblity with a single iteration per frame. For an iteration count this low, existing methods either become unstable or introduce a substantial amount of stretching. Our method is geometric in nature and able to simulate thousands of inextensible hair strands in real time.
Characterization of a linear venetian-blind macroparticle filter for cathodic vacuum arcs (1999)

The cathodic vacuum are is a simple means of creating a highly ionized metal or carbon plasma, which can be used to produce a wide variety of metal and metal compound thin films. In order to produce smooth, defect-free films suitable for optical and electronic applications, the plasma needs to be filtered of micrometer-sized molten and solid cathode debris known as macroparticles. To date, most of the research effort on plasma filtering has been focused on development and optimization of magnetic filter designs based on curved solenoids. Ryabchikov et al. (1998) proposed and employed novel filter designs for a combined plasma and ion beam source. The new designs are based on a nested set of conical plates in one version and a set of angled plates ("venetian blind") in another. We report on a detailed characterization of the operation of a filter employing a linear venetian blind geometry. The effects of parameters such as plate and arc currents, as well as plate bias on the throughput and deposition profile are reported.
Threshold voltage of luminescence and electrical tree inception in low-density polyethylene (1988)

The characteristics of luminescence observed during the initiation of an electrical tree have been studied for polyethylene subjected to high electrical stresses. Use of a light detection system which is at least three orders-of-magnitude more sensitive than conventional partial discharge detectors shows that luminescence occurs during tree initiation and this luminescence is not due to partial discharges. Applying a constant high voltage to the polymer or interrupting the voltage several times does not change the behavior of luminescence. The light starts at about the same voltage and its intensity returns to the same value as before the interruption. This behavior is contrary to that observed for partial discharges. The luminescence inception voltage is the threshold voltage at which the polymer starts to degrade. Thus, it is important that the insulation of electrical equipment be protected from transient overvoltages which exceed the threshold level.
Expansion sequencing: Spatially precise in situ transcriptomics in intact biological systems (2021)

Methods for highly multiplexed RNA imaging are limited in spatial resolution and thus in their ability to localize transcripts to nanoscale and subcellular compartments. We adapt expansion microscopy, which physically expands biological specimens, for long-read untargeted and targeted in situ RNA sequencing. We applied untargeted expansion sequencing (ExSeq) to the mouse brain, which yielded the readout of thousands of genes, including splice variants. Targeted ExSeq yielded nanoscale-resolution maps of RNAs throughout dendrites and spines in the neurons of the mouse hippocampus, revealing patterns across multiple cell types, layer-specific cell types across the mouse visual cortex, and the organization and position-dependent states of tumor and immune cells in a human metastatic breast cancer biopsy. Thus, ExSeq enables highly multiplexed mapping of RNAs from nanoscale to system scale.
Role of a Disulfide-Bonded Peptide Loop within Human Complement C9 in the Species-Selectivity of Complement Inhibitor CD59 (1996)

CD59 antigen is a membrane glycoprotein that inhibits the activity of the C9 component of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex (MAC), thereby protecting human cells from lysis by human complement. The complement-inhibitory activity of CD59 is species-selective, and is most effective toward C9 derived from human or other primate plasma. The species-selective activity of CD59 was recently used to map the segment of human C9 that is recognized by this MAC inhibitor, using recombinant rabbit/human C9 chimeras that retain lytic function within the MAC [Husler, T., Lockert, D. H., Kaufman, K. M., Sodetz, J. M., & Sims, P. J. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270,3483-3486]. These experiments suggested that the CD59 recognition domain was contained between residues 334 and 415 in human C9. By analyzing the species-selective lytic activity of recombinant C9 with chimeric substitutions internal to this segment, we now demonstrate that the site in human C9 uniquely recognized by CD59 is centered on those residues contained between C9 Cys359/Cys384, with an additional contribution by residues C-terminal to this segment. Consistent with its role as a CD59 recognition domain, CD59 specifically bound a human C9-derived peptide corresponding to residues 359-384, and antibody (Fab) raised against this C9-derived peptide inhibited the lytic activity of human MAC. Mutant human C9 in which Ala was substituted for Cys359/384 was found to express normal lytic activity and to be fully inhibited by CD59. This suggests that the intrachain Cys359/Cys384 disulfide bond within C9 is not required to maintain the conformation of this segment of C9 for interaction with CD59.
Amino acid sequence of fibrolase, a direct‐acting fibrinolytic enzyme from <i>agkistrodon contortrix contortrix</i> venom (1992)

The complete amino acid sequence of fibrolase, a fibrinolytic enzyme from southern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) venom, has been determined. This is the first report of the sequence of a direct-acting, nonhemorrhagic fibrinolytic enzyme found in snake venom. The majority of the sequence was established by automated Edman degradation of overlapping peptides generated by a variety of selective cleavage procedures. The amino-terminus is blocked by a cyclized glutamine (pyroglutamic acid) residue, and the sequence of this region of the molecule was determined by mass spectrometry. Fibrolase is composed of 203 residues in a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 22,891, as determined by the sequence. Its sequence is homologous to the sequence of the hemorrhagic toxin Ht-d of Crotalus atrox venom and with the sequences of two metalloproteinases from Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom. Microheterogeneity in the sequence was found at both the amino-terminus and at residues 189 and 192. All six cysteine residues in fibrolase are involved in disulfide bonds. A disulfide bond between cysteine-118 and cysteine-198 has been established and bonds between cysteines-158/165 and between cysteines-160/192 are inferred from the homology to Ht-d. Secondary structure prediction reveals a very low percentage of alpha-helix (4%), but much greater beta-structure (39.5%). Analysis of the sequence reveals the absence of asparagine-linked glycosylation sites defined by the consensus sequence: asparagine-X-serine/threonine.
Absolute pressure measurements using ZrO2 electrochemical cells (1981)

An absolute pressure sensor is reported that uses electrochemical pumping of oxygen. Sensor operation uses the pressure dependence of O2 diffusion in a host gas. The device is unusual because no reference pressure or vacuum is required for absolute measurements. The main features of device operation are in agreement with calculation.
High Performance and Sub-Ambient Silicon Microchannel Cooling (2006)

High performance single-phase Si microchannel coolers have been designed and characterized in single chip modules in a laboratory environment using either water at 22°C or a fluorinated fluid at temperatures between 20 and −40°C as the coolant. Compared to our previous work, key performance improvements were achieved through reduced channel pitch (from 75 to 60 microns), thinned channel bases (from 425 to 200 microns of Si), improved thermal interface materials, and a thinned thermal test chip (from 725 to 400 microns of Si). With multiple heat exchanger zones and 60 micron pitch microchannels with a water flow rate of 1.25 lpm, an average unit thermal resistance of 15.9 C-mm2/W between the chip surface and the inlet cooling water was demonstrated for a Si microchannel cooler attached to a chip with Ag epoxy. Replacing the Ag epoxy layer with an In solder layer reduced the unit thermal resistance to 12.0 C-mm2/W. Using a fluorinated fluid with an inlet temperature of −30°C and 60 micron pitch microchannels with an Ag epoxy thermal interface layer, the average unit thermal resistance was 25.6 C-mm2/W. This fell to 22.6 C-mm2/W with an In thermal interface layer. Cooling >500 W/cm2 was demonstrated with water. Using a fluorinated fluid with an inlet temperature of −30°C, a chip with a power density of 270 W/cm2 was cooled to an average chip surface temperature of 35°C. Results using both water and a fluorinated fluid are presented for a range of Si microchannel designs with a channel pitch from 60 to 100 microns.
The antiguiding parameter in mid-infrared optically pumped semiconductor lasers (2010)

We describe measurements of the antiguiding parameter, α, for several optically pumped semiconductor lasers. Three laser structures were investigated; two of the lasers utilize W-quantum wells (QWs) in which 14 InAs/In0.4 GaSb/InAs QWs are imbedded in lattice-matched In0.25 GaAsSb layers. The emission wavelengths of the W lasers were ∼3.5 and 4.5 μm, respectively. The other laser, a double heterostructure (DH) design, contained a ∼1.5 μm InAsSb active region embedded in ∼2.5 μm thick AlAsSb clad regions. The emission wavelength of the DH was λ∼3.8 μm. We employed the Hakki–Paoli method [B. W. Hakki and T. L. Paoli, J. Appl. Phys., 44, 4113, (1973)] in conjunction with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to measure subthreshold gain and index variations as a function of pump intensity. To reduce errors associated with incoherent background emission a full spectral curve fit was used to determine the differential gain and index. The results reveal the antiguiding factor in the W lasers to be low with α∼1.0. The antiguiding factor for the DH was markedly larger with α=9.4±1.3. We attribute the low α for the W lasers to the higher QW gain as well as to inhomogeneous broadening induced by the 14 QWs. The differing well widths and the independent optical pumping of the wells, leads to a net gain spectrum that is symmetrical about the gain peak. This symmetry, in turn, leads to small differential index shifts at the gain peak; the result of the small differential index and large differential gain is low antiguiding
No-reference bit stream model for video quality assessment of h.264/AVC video based on packet loss visibility (2011)

In this paper, a no reference bit stream model for quality assessment of SD and HD H.264/AVC video sequences based on packet loss visibility is proposed. The method considers the impact of network impairments on human perception and uses the visibility of packet losses to predict objective scores. Also, a new subjective experiment has been designed to provide insight into the perceptual effect of degradations caused by transmission errors. The proposed algorithm extracts a set of features from the received bit stream. Then, the visibility of each packet loss event is determined by classifying the extracted features using a Support Vector Machines classifier. Finally, analytical expressions are developed to account for visual degradation due to compression and channel induced distortion based on the outcome of the visibility classifier. The evaluation demonstrates the validity of the proposed method.