gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Hydroplaning and Tire Traction on Snow Using CAE (2004)

This paper focused on application of fluid/structure interaction to tire analysis, such as hydroplaning and prediction of tire traction on snow. A three-dimensional prediction model has been developed. An explicit finite element method (FEM) and a finite volume method (FVM) were used to model tire and fluid, respectively. Fluid deformation was calculated by the Eulerian formulation to solve the complex interaction between fluid and tire tread pattern.Numerical modeling of snow was also studied in order to establish the prediction model. Snow was assumed to be an elasto-plastic material whose yield law was considered to be a single function of pressure.Predicted hydroplaning performance and tire traction on snow were compared with those of the experimental data. Results were shown to be in good qualitative agreement.
Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensing of Damage in Fiber Composites (2009)

Developments in the fabrication of materials and composites with nanoscale reinforcements that enable novel material properties have created new opportunities where additional functionality can be imparted to existing material systems. With advanced fiber composites being utilized more frequently in primary structural applications, there is a basic challenge to enhance performance while reducing maintenance. As a consequence there is increased scientific and technical interest in the development of health monitoring techniques for composite structures. In this research we employ conductive networks of carbon nanotubes that are formed in the matrix of a fiber composite and utilize the network of as in situ sensors for detecting the formation of cracks. Due to their nanoscale size, carbon nanotubes are able to impart new damage sensing functionality while being minimally invasive to the bulk properties of the composite.
<i>Ex situ</i>fabrication of MgB<sub>2</sub>/Al tapes with high critical current density (2006)

We have considerably improved the critical current density, Jc, in applied magnetic fields, B, of Al-sheathed MgB2 tape. Our MgB2/Al tape, made with MgB2 powder obtained from the core of an in situ powder-in-tube (PIT) processed tape, was fabricated via an ex situ PIT method without heat treatment and additive compounds. The highest Jc obtained at 10 T and 4.2 K was 880 A cm−2. This value exceeds that of conventional ex situ fabricated MgB2/Al tapes made from commercial MgB2 powder. The improvement in the Jc-B performance of this ex situ fabricated MgB2 tape is considered to be due to a significant improvement in the magnetic irreversibility field of the MgB2 cores. Both the MgB2 and the Al sheath show a low density and a low induced radioactivity. Our experimental data obtained using Al as the sheath material of the MgB2 tape indicate the great potential of the tape for specific applications, such as in fusion reactors and on-board magnets.
Requirement of Vascular Integrin α <sub>v</sub> β <sub>3</sub> for Angiogenesis (1994)

Angiogenesis depends on the adhesive interactions of vascular cells. The adhesion receptor integrin alpha v beta 3 was identified as a marker of angiogenic vascular tissue. Integrin alpha v beta 3 was expressed on blood vessels in human wound granulation tissue but not in normal skin, and it showed a fourfold increase in expression during angiogenesis on the chick chorioallantoic membrane. In the latter assay, a monoclonal antibody to alpha v beta 3 blocked angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and human melanoma fragments but had no effect on preexisting vessels. These findings suggest that alpha v beta 3 may be a useful therapeutic target for diseases characterized by neovascularization.
High Strength and Wear Resistant Aluminum Alloy for High Temperature Applications (2002)

Originally developed by NASA as high performance piston alloys to meet U.S. automotive legislation requiring low exhaust emission, the novel NASA alloys now offer dramatic increase in tensile strength for many other applications at elevated temperatures from 450 F (232 C) to about 750 F (400 C). It is an ideal low cost material for cast automotive components such as pistons, cylinder heads, cylinder liners, connecting rods, turbo chargers, impellers, actuators, brake calipers and rotors. It can be very economically produced from conventional permanent mold, sand casting or investment casting, with silicon content ranging from 6% to 18%. At high silicon levels, the alloy exhibits excellent thermal growth stability, surface hardness and wear resistant properties.
High-Performance Miniature Hygrometer (1994)

Relatively inexpensive hygrometer that occupies volume less than 4 in.(3) measures dewpoints as much as 100 degrees C below ambient temperatures, with accuracy of 0.1 degrees C. Field tests indicate accuracy and repeatability identical to those of state-of-the-art larger dewpoint hygrometers. Operates up to 100 times as fast as older hygrometers, and offers simplicity and small size needed to meet cost and performance requirements of many applications.
Reoxidation and Deactivation of Supported Cobalt Fischer−Tropsch Catalysts (1996)

The role of water in the deactivation of Al2O3-supported cobalt Fischer−Tropsch catalysts has been studied at different water partial pressures. In addition, model studies at nonreacting conditions using H2O/H2 feeds were carried out in order to study the possible reoxidation of cobalt by water. High-pressure gravimetry, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used as characterization methods in the model studies. The kinetic studies showed significant deactivation when water was added to the feed in fixed-bed reactor experiments. In the model studies, a large extent of bulk cobalt reoxidation was only observed in the absence of H2. Only a small amount of reoxidation could be observed when H2 was present, even at high H2O/H2 ratios. However, XPS studies indicated significant surface oxidation of cobalt at a lower H2O/H2 ratio. Surface oxidation or oxidation of highly dispersed cobalt phases is therefore concluded to be responsible for the observed deactivation. The possibility of changes in the phase distribution of the catalysts caused by the presence of high water partial pressures is discussed on the basis of TPR studies of H2O/H2- and H2O/He-treated catalysts.
240-km CWDM transmission using cascaded SOA Raman hybrid amplifiers with 70-nm bandwidth (2005)

We demonstrate the cascading of broad-band semiconductor optical amplifier-Raman hybrid amplifiers which provide nearly flat gain over 70 nm. A coarse-wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission system consisting of three spans of 80 km shows uniform performance and <1-dB power penalty.
A New Highly Fluorescent and Symmetric Pyrrole–BF<sub>2</sub> Chromophore: BOPHY (2014)

The new fluorescent chromophore BOPHY can be readily synthesized in two steps from commercially available reagents via the coupling of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde with hydrazine followed by reaction with BF3. The resultant symmetric and dimeric tetracycle is composed of two BF2 units in six-membered chelate rings appended with pyrrole units on the periphery. The quantum yields of fluorescence for the unmodified compound and the tetramethyl variant are near unity, with values of 95 and 92%, respectively, in CH2Cl2. We have probed the electronic structure of this compound via cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory analysis.
Dynamic peer-assisted DASH framework using dynamic updates and prioritization scheme (2016)

In this paper, we present a dynamic framework for P2P video streaming using dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH). DASH is a very popular standard and is expected to dominate the adaptive streaming market. Our proposed framework defines several components; DASH Session Coordinator (DSC), Intelligent Content Server (ICS), and Adaptive Streaming Client (ASC). Each component has a defined set of rules as well as a simple messaging framework. In addition, all components work together to achieve optimized QoE for all clients streaming the same content. The proposed framework is customized for DASH and provides higher priority for P2P streaming over direct streaming thus allowing clients to share downloading content instead of competing for higher bandwidth and consequently improve network utilization and client QoE. Results of our proposed technique showed an increase in client download rate by approximately 60% which is directly related to the QoE perceived by the client. In addition, a reduction of 87% in the number of playback stalls and pauses was achieved due to the elimination of bandwidth competition among clients.
An Automated System for Quality Control of Compaction Operations: Receiver Tests & Algorithms (1999)

An Automated System for Quality Control of Compaction Operations: Receiver Tests & Algorithms Amr A. Oloufa, Won-seok Do, H. Randolph Thomas Pages 67-71 (1999 Proceedings of the 16th ISARC, Madrid, Spain, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: When other conditions such as roller frequency, wheel load, and compactor speed are the same, the density of asphalt pavement is dependent on the number of coverages of the compactor. If the mat is compacted with less than the determined number of passes, there may be a large volume of air voids leading to a low density. On the other hand, if the mat is overly compacted, the aggregates will be crushed further and the attributes of the mix will be changed leading to a reduction in density. For this reason, monitoring the exact number of coverages over the entire surface of the pavement mat is desired. This paper reports on research that started three years ago to develop an automated system for mapping compaction equipment using global positioning system technology (GPS). This paper describes the system along with tests devised to evaluate GPS performance under various conditions. Keywords: Quality Control; Pavements; Asphalt; GPS; Receivers DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC1999/0010 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Selective disassembly: representation and comparative analysis of wave propagation abstractions in sequence planning (2003)

This paper analyses the problem of removing one or more components of an assembly, defined as selective disassembly, and presents geometric abstractions and representations for automated selective disassembly analysis of geometric models. Based on the number of target components to be disassembled from an assembly (A) of n components, the selective disassembly (SD) problem is categorized into three classes: 1) single component disassembly (1-SD); 2) disassembling s(1<s/spl Lt/n) components from A (defined as s-SD); and 3) disassembling S (S/spl rarr/n) components from A (defined as S-SD). Some preliminary results of a prototype system, assembly-disassembly in three dimensions, implementing the SD abstractions, and analysis of the abstractions for different classes of SD problems, are presented.
Low shear rate viscosity of fresh blood (1980)

A capillary viscosmeter is described which allows measurement of the shear rate dependency of fresh blood viscosity at low shear rates. The instrument has been used in a preliminary study to evaluate differences between fresh and EDTA anticoagulated
Disruption of matrix metalloproteinase 2 binding to integrin α <sub>v</sub> β <sub>3</sub> by an organic molecule inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> (2000)

Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) can associate with integrin α v β 3 on the surface of endothelial cells, thereby promoting vascular invasion. Here, we describe an organic molecule (TSRI265) selected for its ability to bind to integrin α v β 3 and block α v β 3 interaction with MMP2. Although disrupting α v β 3 /MMP2 complex formation, TSRI265 has no effect on α v β 3 binding to its extracellular matrix ligand vitronectin and does not influence MMP2 activation or catalytic activity directly. However, TSRI265 acts as a potent antiangiogenic agent and thereby blocks tumor growth in vivo . These findings suggest that activated MMP2 does not facilitate vascular invasion during angiogenesis unless it forms a complex with α v β 3 on the endothelial cell surface. By disrupting endothelial cell invasion without broadly suppressing cell adhesion or MMP function, the use of compounds such as TSRI265 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for diseases associated with uncontrolled angiogenesis.
Prototype implementation of a visual communication system employing video imagery (2013)

Information transmission through the use of video imagining systems has the potential to build upon the success of imaging communication systems, such as QR Codes and 2D Barcodes. Video communication systems add a temporal dimension to image-based information transmission systems, greatly expanding the amount of data that can be transferred. Such a system allows for secure transfer of data through the use of a line-of-sight (LOS) visual channel, making it attractive for several applications, including in-store purchases, banking, and stealth military missions. The nature of the LOS visual channel also reduces interference from other applications, making it a very attractive option for implementing short range communications systems from a cell phone, computer, tablet, or other device. This paper investigates how a video imaging system can be used for information transmission. A prototype system has been designed and implemented as a proof of concept, and the performance of the prototype is evaluated.
Power-Factor-Corrected Single-Stage Inductive Charger for Electric Vehicle Batteries (2007)

A novel power-factor-corrected single-stage alternating current/direct current converter for inductive charging of electric vehicle batteries is introduced. The resonant converter uses the current-source characteristic of the series-parallel topology to provide power-factor correction over a wide output power range from zero to full load. Some design guidelines for this converter are outlined. An approximate small-signal model of the converter is also presented. Experimental results verify the operation of the new converter
A new redox flow battery using Fe/V redox couples in chloride supporting electrolyte (2011)

A new redox flow battery using Fe2+/Fe3+ and V2+/V3+ redox couples in chloride-supporting electrolyte was proposed and investigated for potential stationary energy storage applications. The Fe/V redox flow cell using mixed reactant solutions operated within a voltage window of 0.5–1.35 V with a nearly 100% utilization ratio and demonstrated stable cycling with energy efficiency around 80% at room temperature. Stable performance was also achieved in the temperature range between 0 °C and 50 °C. The improved stability and electrochemical activity over a broader temperature range over the current technologies (such as Fe/Cr redox chemistry) potentially eliminate the necessity of external heat management and use of catalysts, making the Fe/V redox flow battery a promising option as a stationary energy storage device to enable renewable integration and stabilization of the electrical grid.
Fast high-temperature superconductor switch for high current applications (2013)

Reversible operation of a high current superconductor switch based on the quench of high-resistance second generation high temperature superconducting wire is demonstrated. The quench is induced by a burst of an ac field generated by an inductively coupled radio-frequency coil. The switch makes a superconducting-to-normal transition within 5 ms and also has a rapid recovery to the superconducting state. The device has potential applications as an active current limiter or as a storage switch for superconducting magnetic energy storage systems. Operation in a full flux penetration/flow regime can effectively minimize the detrimental effects of the intrinsic conductor non-uniformity.
Recognizing cursive Arabic text: Using statistical features and interconnected mono-HMMs (2011)

This paper presents a cursive Arabic text recognition system. The system decomposes the document image into text line images and extracts a set of simple statistical features from a one-pixel width window which is sliding a cross that text line. It then injects the resulting feature vectors to Hidden Markov Models. The proposed system is applied to a data corpus which includes Arabic text of more than 600 A4-size sheets typewritten in multiple computer-generated fonts.
Fuse-pull-and-taper monomode-fiber directional-couplers: coupling mechanisms and pull signature diagnostics (1987)

Directional couplers fabricated by the fuse-pull-and-taper technique can be made from either two identical fibers or two dissimilar (in diameter and refractive-index profile) fibers.1 The latter device is termed a tuned-port coupler and has interesting wavelength-selective properties.2 We present evidence that the power-transfer mechanism in the dissimilar fiber splitter reported in Ref. 1 is due to a new coupling mechanism. We also report the automated manufacture and characterization of fused directional couplers and the application of the characteristic curve of power transfer vs coupler length (i.e., its pull signature) to the optimization of the fabrication process.
Cloning and molecular characterization of two genes encoding adhesion proteins involved in <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> cytoadherence (1995)

Cytoadherence to the vaginal epithelium is a critical step in infection by the eukaryotic flagellate Trichomonas vaginalis. Four trichomonad surface proteins (AP65, AP51, AP33 and AP23) mediate cytoadherence. The cDNA encoding the AP65 adhesin was isolated from a phagemid cDNA expression library by screening with antiserum and monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against the purified trichomonad AP65 protein. Two clones, F11.2 and F11.5, coded for immuno-crossreactive recombinant proteins that possessed functional properties equal to the T. vaginalis AP65 adhesin. Analysis of full-length sequences corresponding to the F11.2 and F11.5 cDNAs revealed that both contained 1701-base open reading frames (ORFs) that encoded proteins of 63 281 daltons and 83 087 daltons, respectively. Comparison of the full-length sequences showed 87% identity at the nucleotide level and 91% identity at the protein level. Restriction-enzyme mapping and Southern analysis reaffirmed the distinctness of the F11.2 and F11.5 cDNAs, indicating that two different AP65 genes (now called ap65-1 and ap65-2) are present in the T. vaginalis genome in at least two copies each. Northern analysis detected high levels of transcript of approximately 1.8 kb for both ap65-1 and ap65-2 genes in trichomonads grown only in high-iron medium, confirming the transcriptional regulation of adhesin synthesis by iron. Homology searches revealed significant similarity (38% amino acid identity and 54% nucleotide identity) to malic enzymes. However, purified malic enzyme and mAb to AP65 crossreactive with malic enzyme neither inhibited cytoadherence of T. vaginalis to host cells nor prevented binding of the trichomonad AP65 to HeLa cells in a ligand assay.
Microhexcavity Plasma Panel Detectors (2017)

Plasma panel detectors are a variant of micropattern detectors that are sensitive to ionizing radiation. They are motivated by the design and operation of plasma display panels. The detectors consist of arrays of electrically and optically isolated pixels defined by metallized cavities embedded in a dielectric substrate. These are hermetically sealed gaseous detectors that use exclusively non-hydrocarbon gas mixtures. The newest variant of these closed-architecture detectors is known as the Microhexcavity plasma panel detector ($μ$Hex) consisting of 2 mm wide, regular close-packed hexagonal pixels each with a circular thick-film anode. The fabrication, staging, and operation of these detectors is described. Initial tests with the $μ$Hex detectors operated in Geiger mode yield Volt-level signals in the presence of ionizing radiation. The spontaneous discharge rate in the absence of a source is roughly 3-4 orders of magnitude lower compared to the rates measured using low energy betas.
Efficient array illuminator using binary-optics phase plates at fractional-Talbot planes (1990)

We describe a phase plate based on the fractional-Talbot effect that converts a single expanded laser beam into a regular array of uniformly illuminated apertures with virtually 100% efficiency. The size, spacing, and fill factor of the illuminated aperture grid can be freely chosen to interface with a variety of electro-optic devices. A binaryoptics phase plate is demonstrated that converts uniform illumination into an array of square illumination cells with a fill factor of 1/16.
Contribution of STAT3 to Inflammatory and Fibrotic Diseases and Prospects for its Targeting for Treatment (2018)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 plays a central role in the host response to injury. It is activated rapidly within cells by many cytokines, most notably those in the IL-6 family, leading to pro-proliferative and pro-survival programs that assist the host in regaining homeostasis. With persistent activation, however, chronic inflammation and fibrosis ensue, leading to a number of debilitating diseases. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the role of STAT3 and its targeting in diseases marked by chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis with a focus on those with the largest unmet medical need.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A NOVEL CLASS OF PENICILLINS‐ DL‐5,6‐DEHYDROPENICILLINS (1977)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Triäthylamin erhält man aus den 4‐Thioxo‐2‐azetidinonen (I) unter intramolekularer Alkylierung die Dehydropenicilline (II).
Super-Channel Optical Parameters GMPLS Signaling Extensions (2013)

This document builds on [6][7] and defines GMPLS signaling extensions
to carry super-channel optical parameters for efficient spectrum
assignment on flexible grid networks.
Theory of the magnetisation process in ferromagnets and its application to the magnetomechanical effect (1984)

A theory of the magnetisation process in ferromagnets, based on existing ideas of domain rotation and domain wall motion is presented. This has been developed via a consideration of the various energy terms into a mathematical description of the process leading to an equation of state for a ferromagnet. The differential equation has been solved and a solution containing terms up to the second order presented, showing the essential features of ferromagnetic hysteresis. The theory has then been used to explain the effects of stress on magnetisation. It has been found that the magnetisation approaches the anhysteretic curve when a ferromagnet is subjected to stress and this is the underlying principle behind such changes in magnetisation. The change of magnetisation with stress can not be predicted solely on the basis of the magnetostriction coefficient except in special cases when the initial (zero stress) conditions of magnetisation lie on the anhysteretic. This condition is also approximately satisfied at higher fields.