gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porous Amorphous Chalcogenides as Selective Adsorbents for Heavy Metals (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPorous Amorphous Chalcogenides as Selective Adsorbents for Heavy MetalsZohreh Hassanzadeh Fard, Saiful M. Islam, and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States*M. G. Kanatzidis. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 18, 6189–6192Publication Date (Web):September 3, 2015Publication History Received21 July 2015Revised3 September 2015Published online9 September 2015Published inissue 22 September 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02805https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02805rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1953Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amorphous materials,Chalcogenides,Ions,Materials,Mercury Get e-Alerts
Realization of those elastic behaviors that have compliant axes in compact elastic mechanisms (2002)

Abstract In this article, we address the synthesis and realization of a subset of spatial elastic behaviors, those with compliant axes, in compact parallel mechanisms. Using the procedures developed, a geometric description of the layout of a compact mechanism of springs connected in parallel is obtained. In each of these mechanisms, each spring axis is restricted to intersect a single point in space. The variation in the orientation of the intersecting spring axes is also restricted. The degree of restriction in axis orientation is determined by the number of “compliant axes” associated with the specified elastic behavior. Also, as part of this work, a physical appreciation of the different classes of stiffnesses that have compliant axes is identified and interpreted in different types of concurrent parallel mechanisms. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HDR videocompression with VPX (2016)

This paper present approaches to code HDR video using VP10, an open source video codec which is part of the WebM project developed by Google. Three techniques are developed in this paper: 1) An HDR video coding processing chain developed recently in standards committees (the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding, or JCT-VC, of ISO/IEC/ITU), but adapted to the VP10 codec, herein called HDR_VP10. 2) A modified version of HDR_VP10 with different intermediate color transforms and advanced sampling filters herein called FastVDO_ECHDR_VP10 and 3) FastVDO_HDR_VP10 that uses a new video data adaptive tuning process, which differs from the ST.2084 transfer function used in the anchor. HDR_VP10 is used as reference point for subjective and objective comparisons. Representative objective results for these systems include: (a) FastVDO_ECHDR_VP10, Overall results for RGB-PSNR, DE100, MD100, PSNRL100 were 8.0%, -3.5%, 46.2%, 2.9%; (b) FastVDO_HDR_VP10, Overall results for RGB-PSNR, DE100, MD100, PSNRL100 were -40.2%, -17.0%, -5.5% and -2.8% respectively. It is asserted (and for which there is appears to be fairly broad agreement) that such objective metrics are currently not very predictive of visual quality in HDR coding studies. FastVDO_HDR_VP10 shows a significant visual quality improvement on HDR_VP10.
Optical implementation of neural networks (1990)

In this paper, optical neural networks under development in our laboratory are reported, together with several novel devices for building advanced systems. This paper is divided into three parts. At first, neural network models which permit us to use commercially-available binary-operating devices are described, including both the feedback model and the feedforward model. Secondly, a GaAs/A1GaAs optical associative neuro-chip based on the feedback model, in which 32 neurons are implemented in an optical integrated structure, is introduced. Next a three-layered dynamic optical network which can recognize 26 characters of alphabet is described, using a spatial light modulator as the synaptic interconnection device. The emphasis is placed on the unique learning rule using the feed forward model. In the third part, fututre trend of optical neurochips is discussed.
Isotropic quantitative phase imaging with optimal differential phase contrast illumination scheme (2019)

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI), which provides unique imaging capabilities for optical thickness variation of living cells and tissues without the need for specific staining or exogenous contrast agents (e.g., dyes or fluorophores), has emerged as an invaluable optical tool for biomedical research. Differential phase contrast (DPC) is the most promising QPI approach to high resolution label-free cellular dynamic imaging because of its advantages of higher imaging efficiency, higher accuracy, and higher stability. Typically, illuminations in DPC systems are designed with 2-axis half-circle amplitude patterns, which however results in a non-isotropic phase transfer function (PTF). Furthermore, the frequency responses of the PTFs have not been fully optimized, leading to suboptimal phase contrast and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for phase reconstruction. In this paper, we derive the optimal illumination scheme to maximize the PTF response for both low and high frequencies (from 0 to 2NA<sub>obj </sub>), and meanwhile achieve perfectly isotropic PTF with only 2-axis intensity measurements. We present the theoretical analysis, simulations, and experimental results demonstrating that our optimal illumination scheme is a simple, efficient, and stable approach for label-free quantitative cell imaging with subcellular resolution.
En-face optical coherence tomography revival (2016)

Quite recently, we introduced a novel Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) method, termed as Master Slave OCT (MS-OCT), especially to deliver en-face images. MS-OCT operates like a time domain OCT, selecting signal from a selected depth only while scanning the laser beam across the sample. Time domain OCT allows real time production of an <i>en-face</i> image, although relatively slowly. As a major advance, the Master Slave method allows collection of signals from any number of depths, as required by the user. MS-OCT is an OCT method that does not require resampling of data and can be used to deliver <i>en-face </i>images from several depths simultaneously. However, as the MS-OCT method requires important computational resources, the number of multiple depth <i>en-face </i>images produced in real-time is limited. Here, we demonstrate that taking advantage of the parallel processing feature of the MS-OCT technology by harnessing the capabilities of graphics processing units (GPU)s, information from 384 depth positions is acquired in one raster with real time display of 40 <i>en-face</i> OCT images. These exhibit comparable resolution and sensitivity to the images produced using the traditional Fourier domain based method. The GPU facilitates versatile real time selection of parameters, such as the depth positions of the 40 images out of a set of 384 depth locations, as well as their axial resolution. Here, we present in parallel with the 40 <i>en-face</i> OCT images of a human tooth, a confocal microscopy lookalike image, together with two B-scan OCT images along rectangular directions.
All-fiber stimulated Brillouin ring laser with submilliwatt pump threshold (1982)

An all-fiber ring resonator, constructed from a single strand of single-mode optical fiber and a directional coupler, is shown to have a low threshold for stimulated Brillouin laser action. The 10-m-perimeter fiber ring resonator has a low round-trip loss of under 3.5% and an inherent pump-power enhancement of approximately 30. Lasing threshold for the 4.0-microm-core fiber occurred with a pump power of 0.56 mW at lambda = 6328 A and 1.74 mW at lambda = 5145 A.
Parametric Linear Variation of A Leakage Free Permanent Magnet Field Source. (1986)

Abstract : This patent application discloses a magnetic circuit with a remanence varying cylindrical magnet having a bore and a remanence varying cladding magnet circumscribing the cylindrical magnet creating a longitudinally increasing axial magnetic field within the bore. The cladding magnet has a radial magnetization transverse to the axial magnetization of the cylindrical magnet resulting in a constant magnetic potential along the outer exterior surface of the magnetic circuit.
Physiological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields on Human Neuronal Cells (2003)

The present investigation details the development of model systems for growing two- and three-dimensional human neural progenitor cells within a culture medium facilitated by a time-varying electromagnetic field (TVEMF). The cells and culture medium are contained within a two- or three-dimensional culture vessel, and the electromagnetic field is emitted from an electrode or coil. These studies further provide methods to promote neural tissue regeneration by means of culturing the neural cells in either configuration. Grown in two dimensions, neuronal cells extended longitudinally, forming tissue strands extending axially along and within electrodes comprising electrically conductive channels or guides through which a time-varying electrical current was conducted. In the three-dimensional aspect, exposure to TVEMF resulted in the development of three-dimensional aggregates, which emulated organized neural tissues. In both experimental configurations, the proliferation rate of the TVEMF cells was 2.5 to 4.0 times the rate of the non-waveform cells. Each of the experimental embodiments resulted in similar molecular genetic changes regarding the growth potential of the tissues as measured by gene chip analyses, which measured more than 10,000 human genes simultaneously.
Identification of Alpha Interferon-Induced Envelope Mutations of Hepatitis C Virus <i>In Vitro</i> Associated with Increased Viral Fitness and Interferon Resistance (2013)

Alpha interferon (IFN-α) is an essential component of innate antiviral immunity and of treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Resistance to IFN might be important for HCV persistence and failure of IFN-based therapies. Evidence for HCV genetic correlates of IFN resistance is limited. Experimental studies were hampered by lack of HCV culture systems. Using genotype (strain) 1a(H77) and 3a(S52) Core-NS2 JFH1-based recombinants, we aimed at identifying viral correlates of IFN-α resistance in vitro. Long-term culture with IFN-α2b in Huh7.5 cells resulted in viral spread with acquisition of putative escape mutations in HCV structural and nonstructural proteins. Reverse genetic studies showed that primarily amino acid changes I348T in 1a(H77) E1 and F345V/V414A in 3a(S52) E1/E2 increased viral fitness. Single-cycle assays revealed that I348T and F345V/V414A enhanced viral entry and release, respectively. In assays allowing viral spread, these mutations conferred a level of IFN-α resistance exceeding the observed fitness effect. The identified mutations acted in a subtype-specific manner but were not found in genotype 1a and 3a patients, who failed IFN-α therapy. Studies with HCV recombinants with different degrees of culture adaptation confirmed the correlation between viral fitness and IFN-α resistance. In conclusion, in vitro escape experiments led to identification of HCV envelope mutations resulting in increased viral fitness and conferring IFN-α resistance. While we established a close link between viral fitness and IFN-α resistance, identified mutations acted via different mechanisms and appeared to be relatively specific to the infecting virus, possibly explaining difficulties in identifying signature mutations for IFN resistance.
Autonomous patch-clamp robot for functional characterization of neurons in vivo: development and application to mouse visual cortex (2019)

Patch clamping is the gold standard measurement technique for cell-type characterization in vivo, but it has low throughput, is difficult to scale, and requires highly skilled operation. We developed an autonomous robot that can acquire multiple consecutive patch-clamp recordings in vivo. In practice, 40 pipettes loaded into a carousel are sequentially filled and inserted into the brain, localized to a cell, used for patch clamping, and disposed. Automated visual stimulation and electrophysiology software enables functional cell-type classification of whole cell-patched cells, as we show for 37 cells in the anesthetized mouse in visual cortex (V1) layer 5. We achieved 9% yield, with 5.3 min per attempt over hundreds of trials. The highly variable and low-yield nature of in vivo patch-clamp recordings will benefit from such a standardized, automated, quantitative approach, allowing development of optimal algorithms and enabling scaling required for large-scale studies and integration with complementary techniques. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In vivo patch-clamp is the gold standard for intracellular recordings, but it is a very manual and highly skilled technique. The robot in this work demonstrates the most automated in vivo patch-clamp experiment to date, by enabling production of multiple, serial intracellular recordings without human intervention. The robot automates pipette filling, wire threading, pipette positioning, neuron hunting, break-in, delivering sensory stimulus, and recording quality control, enabling in vivo cell-type characterization.
Serration Design Methodology for Wind Turbine Noise Reduction (2016)

Trailing edge serrations are today an established method to reduce the aeroacoustic noise from wind turbine blades. In this paper, a brief introduction to the aerodynamic and acoustic design procedure used at LM Wind Power is given. Early field tests on serrations, retrofitted to the turbine blades, gave preliminary indication of their noise reduction potential. However, a multitude of challenges stand in the way of any proof of concept and a viable commercial product. LM undertook a methodical test and validation procedure to understand the impact of design parameters on serration performance, and quantify the uncertainties associated with the proposed designs. Aerodynamic and acoustic validation tests were carried out in number of wind tunnel facilities. Models were written to predict the aerodynamic, acoustic and structural performance of the serrations. LM serration designs have evolved over the period of time to address constraints imposed by aero performance, structural reliability, manufacturing and installation. The latest LM serration offering was tested in the field on three different wind turbines. A consistent noise reduction in excess of 1.5 dB was achieved in the field for all three turbines.
Hierarchical Online Problem Classification for IT Support Services (2011)

The overwhelming amount of various monitoring and log data generated in multitier IT systems makes problem determination one of the most expensive and labor-intensive tasks in IT Services arena. Particularly the initial step of problem classification is complicated by error propagation making secondary problems surfacing on multiple dependent resources. In this paper, we propose to automate the process of problem classification by leveraging machine learning. The main focus is to categorize the problem a user experiences by recognizing the real root cause specificity leveraging available training data such as monitoring and logs across the systems. We transform the structure of the problem into a hierarchy using an existing taxonomy. We then propose an efficient hierarchical incremental learning algorithm which is capable of adjusting its internal local classifier parameters in realtime. Comparing to the traditional batch learning algorithms, this online solution decreases the computational complexity of the training process by learning from new instances on an incremental fashion. Our approach significantly reduces the memory required to store the training instances. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach by learning hierarchical problem patterns for several issues occurring in distributed web applications. Experimental results show that our approach substantially outperforms previous methods.
A low cost dual-band adaptive antenna tuning module for mobile phones (2010)

This paper presents a simple, low cost adaptive antenna tuning module that is used in conjunction with a typical mobile phone antenna. It is shown that the transmit and receive VSWR can be substantially improved over the frequency ranges 824-960 and 1710-2170 MHz with and without the effect of the user's head and hand.
Significance of NS5B Substitutions in Genotype 1b Hepatitis C Virus Evaluated by Bioinformatics Analysis (2018)

To evaluate the effects of HCV NS5B amino acid substitutions on treatment outcome in Ledipasvir (LDV)/Sofosbuvir (SOF) for Japanese patients with genotype 1b HCV infection, NS5B sequences were examined in i) seven patients experiencing virologic failure after LDV/SOF in real-world practice, ii) 109 SOF-naïve patients, iii) 165 patients enrolled in Phase-3 LDV/SOF trial. A218S and C316N were detected in all patients with viral relapse; the percentages of these substitutions in SOF-naïve patients were 64.2% and 55.0%, respectively. Genotype 1b HCV strains with NS5B-C316N mutation were located in the leaves different from those in which HCV strains without such substitutions were present on the phylogenetic tree. Structural modeling revealed that amino acid 218 was located on the surface of the NTP tunnel. Free energy analysis based on molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the free energy required to pass through the tunnel was larger for triphosphate SOF than for UTP in NS5B polymerase carrying A218S, but not in wild-type. However, no susceptibility change was observed for these substitutions to SOF in replicon assay. Furthermore, the SVR rate was 100% in patients enrolled the Phase-3 trial. In conclusion, NS5B A218S and C316N were detected in all patients who relapsed following LDV/SOF in real-world practice. These substitutions did not impact the overall SVR rate after LDV/SOF, however, further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of these substitutions.
Electrochemical DNA Detection at Novel Nanoelectrodes (2004)

Novel DNA detection strategies are needed for the diagnosis of infectious and genetic diseases. Most high-throughput methods currently available rely on optical readout methods, and existing technologies are not suitable for clinical diagnostic applications and pharmaceutical research. Electrochemical nucleic acids detection assays at the nanoscale level may afford superior detection technologies. We are investigating the potential biosensing applications of DNA covalently bound to nanoelectrodes (NEEs). A highly sensitive electrocatalytic process is used for the detection of the hybridization events (1). Significant sample amplification is achieved at NEEs, indicating that adapting DNA detection methods to this platform will have significant utility. Moreover, template assisted growth process of NEE ensembles allows for variation of working electrode surface area and shape. NEEs are also amenable to multiplexed DNA detection allowing for possible implementation in high-throughput clinical diagnosis.
Transplantation of neural progenitor and stem‐like cells as a strategy for gene therapy and repair of neurodegenerative diseases (1995)

Abstract Potential new approaches to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction have been created by the convergence of neural progenitor and stem cell biology with gene therapy and repair. Neural progenitors can be maintained in a proliferative state in vitro through retroviral transduction of an immortalizing gene. The immobilized progenitors then appear to behave much like normal CNS stem cells and hence have been termed stem‐like cells. The ability to transplant clonally related neural progenitors that self‐renew in culture but, after transplantation to the brain, differentiate appropriately into neurons and gila, may not only facilitate developmental inquiries, but also circumvent the limitations of primary fetal tissue for neural grafting. These cells are homogenous, abundant, and well‐characterized. They may express therapeutic gene products intrinsically or be readily engineered ex vivo to do so their ability to integrate efficiently into germinal zones and to migrate make possible transplant techniques that ensure widespread engraftment. Exploiting the inherent properties of neural progenitors, which allow them to become integral members of normal structures throughout the host brain, may allow foreign gene products to be delivered in a sustained, direct, and perhaps regulated fashion without disturbing other neurobiological processes. Transplants of such stem‐like cells may make possible new strategies for gene therapy and repair of the CNS, including the replacement of degenerated cells, the engineering of donor cells to be resistant to toxins, the delivery of missing metabolic or other gene products, to the over‐expression of molecules, and the substitution of alternate metabolic pathways. These approaches appear to be successful in various mouse models of neurodegeneration. Such observation may also provide a paradigm for the therapeutic use of stem cells from other organ systems. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immune evasion pathways and the design of dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines. (2016)

Emerging data is suggesting that the process of dendritic cell (DC) tolerization is an important step in tumorigenesis. Our understanding of the networks within the tumor microenvironment that functionally tolerize DC function is evolving while methods for genetically manipulating DC populations in situ continue to develop. A more intimate understanding of the paracrine signaling pathways which mediate immune evasion by subverting DC function promises to provide novel strategies for improving the clinical efficacy of DC-based cancer vaccines. This will likely require a better understanding of both the antigen expression profile and the immune evasion network of the tumor and its associated stromal tissues.