gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(AF)<sup>2</sup>-S3Net: Attentive Feature Fusion with Adaptive Feature Selection for Sparse Semantic Segmentation Network (2021)

Autonomous robotic systems and self driving cars rely on accurate perception of their surroundings as the safety of the passengers and pedestrians is the top priority. Semantic segmentation is one of the essential components of road scene perception that provides semantic information of the surrounding environment. Recently, several methods have been introduced for 3D LiDAR semantic segmentation. While they can lead to improved performance, they are either afflicted by high computational complexity, therefore are inefficient, or they lack fine details of smaller object instances. To alleviate these problems, we propose (AF) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -S3Net, an end-to-end encoder-decoder CNN network for 3D LiDAR semantic segmentation. We present a novel multibranch attentive feature fusion module in the encoder and a unique adaptive feature selection module with feature map re-weighting in the decoder. Our (AF) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -S3Net fuses the voxel-based learning and point-based learning methods into a unified framework to effectively process the potentially large 3D scene. Our experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches on the large-scale nuScenes-lidarseg and SemanticKITTI benchmark, ranking 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> on both competitive public leaderboard competitions upon publication.
Session 4: Open Access (2019)

The video of two of the presentations and roundtable panel in Session 4, as well as the corresponding slides
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27<sup>Kip1</sup> is upregulated by hypoxia via an ARNT dependent pathway (2003)

Expression of cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27(Kip1), which blocks cell cycle progression from G(1) to S phase, can be regulated via multiple mechanisms including transcription, protein degradation, and translation. Recently, it was shown that p27(Kip1) plays an important role in the cellular response to hypoxia. However, the mechanisms involved in the hypoxia-induced regulation of p27(Kip1) expression are still not clear. In this study, we compare the expression of p27(Kip1) in two related murine hepatoma cell lines, Hepa-1 and c4. Hepa-1 produces functional aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). c4 cells are derived from Hepa-1, but are ARNT deficient. Interestingly, we observed cell line-dependent effects of hypoxia on the expression of p27(Kip1). The level of p27(Kip1) protein in Hepa-1 cells is enhanced by hypoxia, but is reduced by hypoxia in c4 cells. Further investigation demonstrated that hypoxia-induced, ARNT-mediated, transactivation of the p27(Kip1) gene in Hepa-1 cells is responsible for the increase in p27(Kip1) protein. Once c4 cells were stably transfected with the wild type ARNT gene, a hypoxia-induced increase in p27(Kip1) mRNA was observed and reduction of p27(Kip1) protein caused by hypoxia was blocked. Hence, our data indicate that ARNT is involved in transcriptional upregulation of the p27(Kip1) gene under hypoxic conditions.
Cardioprotective Role of the VIP Signaling System (2005)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide that belongs to a family of structurally related peptide hormones including pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). These hormones are widely distributed in the nervous system, where they act as neurotransmitters. Their biological effects are mediated by specific receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which have comparable affinity for VIP and PACAP, and PAC1, which binds VIP with 1,000-fold lower affinity than PACAP. Both peptides are involved in autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, where they exert positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and cause coronary vasodilatation. Additionally, PACAP inhibits proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial fibrosis, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension, have been found to be associated with changes in myocardial VIP concentration or with alteration of affinity, density and physiological responsiveness of VIP/PACAP receptors. Application of the peptides or their agonists has beneficial effect in hypertension, heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. Taken together, VIP and PACAP have beneficial effects in various pathological conditions.
Pain Sensitivity Mediates The Relationship between Stress and Headache Intensity in Chronic Tension‐Type Headache (2012)

The results of the present study support the central model for CTH, which posits that stress contributes to headache, in part, by aggravating existing hyperalgesia in CTH sufferers. Implications for the mechanisms and treatment of CTH are discussed.
Fused Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 3. 4‐Oxo‐1‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazo[1,5‐a]quinoxalines. A Retrosynthetic Approach. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Correction of a Deletion Mutant by Gene Targeting with an Adenovirus Vector (1993)

The usefulness of adenovirus type 5 as a vector for homologous recombination was examined in CHO cells by using the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) gene. Infection of a hemizygous CHO APRT- cell line containing a 3-bp deletion in exon 5 of the aprt gene with a recombinant adenovirus containing the wild-type gene resulted in restoration of the APRT+ phenotype at a frequency of 10(-5) to 10(-6) per infected cell. A relatively high frequency (approximately 6 to 20%) of the transductants appears to result from a homologous recombination event. The mutation on the chromosomal aprt gene is corrected in the homologous recombinants, and APRT expression is restored to a normal hemizygous level. Neither adenovirus nor exogenous promoter sequences are detected in the homologous recombinants. The remaining transductants result from random integration of the aprt gene with the adenovirus sequence. A number of adenovirus vectors containing different promoter sequences linked to the hamster aprt gene were constructed. A possible role for the promoter region in the homologous recombination event was indicated by the lack of homologous recombination in constructs lacking an active promoter.
In Situ NMR Spectroscopy of Combustion (2003)

The first successful in situ studies of free combustion processes by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy are reported, and the feasibility of this concept is demonstrated. In this proof-of-principle work, methane combustion over a nanoporous material is investigated using hyperpolarized (hp)-xenon-129 NMR spectroscopy. Different inhomogeneous regions within the combustion cell are identified by the xenon chemical shift, and the gas exchange between these regions during combustion is revealed by two-dimensional exchange spectra (EXSY). The development of NMR spectroscopy as an analytical tool for combustion processes is of potential importance for catalyzed reactions within opaque media that are difficult to investigate by other techniques.
Growth of normal human T lymphocytes induced by monoclonal antibody to the T cell antigen receptor (1985)

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) called 30-3D6 has been raised against the T cell antigen receptor analogue on a human T cell leukemia cell line HPB-ALL. This mAb comodulates the T3 molecule on HPB-ALL and precipitates the heterodimeric structure previously described as a T cell idiotypic receptor analogue on this cell line. 30-3D6 reacts with a variable percentage of normal T cells (up to 6%) depending on the donor and this number is stable on repeated sampling and is not affected by the temperature of the reaction. When normal T cells from a high frequency donor are stimulated with 30-3D6 and interleukin 2 in vitro the idiotype-positive (Id+) population can be expanded. Large numbers of greater than 90% Id+ T cells can be generated. Id cells are present in both the helper and cytotoxic suppressor subsets.
Negative Feedbacks by Isoprenoids on a Mevalonate Kinase Expressed in the Corpora Allata of Mosquitoes (2015)

AaMVK exhibited efficient inhibition by GPP and FPP (Ki less than 1 μM), and none by isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethyl allyl pyrophosphate (DPPM). These results suggest that GPP and FPP might act as physiological inhibitors in the synthesis of isoprenoids in the CA of mosquitoes. Changing MVK activity can alter the flux of precursors and therefore regulate juvenile hormone biosynthesis.
The effects of the endothelin ET<sub>A</sub> receptor antagonist, FR 139317, on infarct size in a rabbit model of acute myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (1994)

1. The effects were investigated of the ETA receptor antagonist, FR 139317, on endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced coronary vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused heart of the rabbit. In addition, this study examined whether FR 139317 reduced infarct size in a rabbit model of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. 2. In the rabbit isolated perfused heart, ET-1 (1-100 pmol) elicited a dose-dependent increase in coronary perfusion pressure (CPP). For example, 30 pmol ET-1 caused CPP to rise by 22 +/- 8 mmHg and 100 pmol ET-1 by 47 +/- 10 mmHg (n = 8). Infusion of FR 139317 (1 microM) significantly attenuated the increase in CPP caused by ET-1 (30 pmol: 3 +/- 1 mmHg, 100 pmol: 8 +/- 2 mmHg; n = 8). 3. In the anaesthetized rabbit, infarct size (expressed as a percentage of the area at risk) after 45 or 60 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion was 47 +/- 6% (n = 6) and 55 +/- 7% (n = 5), respectively. A continuous infusion of FR 139317 (0.2 mg kg-1 min-1 preceded by a loading dose of 1.0 mg kg-1, i.v.; n = 5-6) had no effect on the extent of the myocardial infarct size (45 min: 47 +/- 6%; 60 min: 49 +/- 7%). Even a three-times higher dose (0.6 mg kg-1 min-1 preceded by a loading dose of 3 mg kg-1, i.v.; n = 4) of FR 139317 had no effect on myocardial infarct size (48 +/- 5%) after 45 min occlusion of the antero-lateral branch of the left coronary artery (LAL) and 2 h reperfusion.4. In a separate group of experiments, the LAL was occluded for 60 min and subsequently reperfused for 6 h. FR 139317 (0.6 mg kg-1 min-1 preceded by a loading dose of 3 mg kg-1, i.v.; n =4) had no significant effect on infarct size even in this long reperfusion model (control: 48 +/- 3%, FR 139317:61 +/- 6%).5. Thus, the vasoconstrictor effects elicited by ET-1 in the coronary vasculature of the rabbit are primarily mediated via the ETA receptor, for they were inhibited by the ETA receptor antagonist, FR 139317. However, an enhanced formation of endogenous ET-1 does not play a major role in ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the rabbit heart, for FR 139317 had no effect on infarct size.
Comparison of spectral index, semi-vectorial finite difference and vector finite element methods for the modal analysis of semiconductor optical rib waveguides (1991)

Semiconductor rib waveguides, a typical example of which is illustrated, now have various important applications in the field of integrated optics as passive and active devices such as bends, tapers, splitters, routing switches, laser cavities, and modulators. Since the early 1980s, the UK has seen considerable progress in the modal analysis of such waveguiding structures (including directional couplers) by the use of the vector H-field finite element (VFE) method, the semi-vectorial E-field and H-field finite difference (SVFD) methods, and the spectral index (SI) methods. The SI methods, which have been implemented on mainframes and 80286-based PCs (with and without coprocessors), have far more economical computer memory and CPU time requirements than the VFE and SVFD methods which are mainly suitable for use on mainframes, powerful workstations and 80486-based PCs.
Synthesis of a Highly Hindered Hydrindanone via α-Carbonyl Radical Cyclization:  Enantiospecific Formal Syntheses of (−)-Pinguisenol and (−)-α-Pinguisene (2003)

An enantiospecific synthesis of Schinzer's ketone 3 from (R)-(+)-pulegone via alpha-carbonyl radical cyclization was accomplished. This work also constitutes an enantiospecific formal syntheses of (-)-pinguisenol and (-)-alpha-pinguisene. The intermediate ketone 4 would be useful for the synthesis of other pinguisane-type sesquiterpenes.
Direct reductive amination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with primary/secondary amines via Ru-complex catalyzed hydrogenation (2014)

A general direct reductive amination of bio-based 5-HMF with amines is catalyzed by a Ru-complex in ethanol solution under H<sub>2</sub> pressure.
Optical Communications in Japan (1972)

This paper reviews research and developmental activities in optical communications currently under way in Japan. Three major systems: 1) atmospheric optical communication systems, 2) optical-cable systems, and 3) lens-waveguide systems, using various types of lasers and newly developed optical devices and components, have been extensively studied at the Electrical Communication Laboratories of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) and other electronic manufacturing companies in Japan.
Optical networking and real-time provisioning: an integrated vision for the next-generation Internet (2001)

This article considers the problem of real-time provisioning of optical channels in hybrid IP-centric DWDM-based networks. First, we present an overview of the emerging architectural alternatives for IP over optical networks, namely, the overlay, the peer, and the augmented models. Then lightpath provisioning issues are detailed for route selection, with a particular focus on the "routing and wavelength assignment" (RWA) problem. In particular, a broad overview is presented, with methodologies and associated algorithms for dynamic lightpath computation being outlined. Additionally, two broad constraint-based RWA algorithms for dynamic provisioning of the optical channels are presented and evaluated. Finally, the implications of implementing the proposed RWA schemes for the lightpath provisioning aspects for each of the three emerging IP over optical network interconnection models are examined.
Intelligent Edge-Assisted Crowdcast with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Personalized QoE (2019)

Recent years have seen booming development and great success in interactive crowdsourced livecast (i.e., crowdcast). Different from traditional livecast services, crowdcast is featured with tremendous video contents at the broadcaster side, highly diverse viewer side content watching environments/preferences as well as viewers' personalized quality of experience (QoE) demands (e.g., individual preferences for streaming delays, channel switching latencies and bitrates). This imposes unprecedented key challenges on how to flexibly and cost-effectively accommodate the heterogeneous and personalized QoE demands for the mass of viewers. In this paper, we propose DeepCast, an edge-assisted crowdcast framework, which makes intelligent decisions at edges based on the massive amount of real-time information from the network and viewers to accommodate personalized QoE with minimized system cost. Given the excessive computation complexity in this context, we propose a data-driven deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based solution that can automatically learn the best suitable strategies for viewer scheduling and transcoding selection. To our best knowledge, DeepCast is the first edge-assisted framework that applies the advance of DRL to explicitly accommodate personalized QoE optimization for crowdcast services. We collect multiple real-world datasets and evaluate the performance of DeepCast using trace-driven experiments. The results demonstrate the superiority of our DeepCast framework and its DRL-based solution.
Dynamic Spherical Cavity-Expansion in a Compressible Elastic-Plastic Solid (1988)

We developed an analytical model for the elastic-plastic response of a compressible material from the uniform expansion of a spherically symmetric cavity. Previous models consider the material as incompressible. Numerical results from both models showed the effect of compressibility.
Neutron and Gamma Ray Pulse Shape Discrimination with Polyvinyltoluene (2012)

The goal of this was research effort was to test the ability of two poly vinyltoluene research samples to produce recordable, distinguishable signals in response to gamma rays and neutrons. Pulse shape discrimination was performed to identify if the signal was generated by a gamma ray or a neutron. A standard figure of merit for pulse shape discrimination was used to quantify the gamma-neutron pulse separation. Measurements were made with gamma and neutron sources with and without shielding. The best figure of merit obtained was 1.77; this figure of merit was achieved with the first sample in response to an un-moderated 252Cf source shielded with 5.08 cm of lead.
Machine learning and the physical sciences (2019)

In October 2018 an APS Physics Next Workshop on Machine Learning was held in Riverhead, NY. This article reviews and summarizes the proceedings of this very broad, emerging field.This needs to be a placard in the left-hand column, with a custom tag.
Structure of the Chloroplast Ribosome: Novel Domains for Translation Regulation (2007)

Gene expression in chloroplasts is controlled primarily through the regulation of translation. This regulation allows coordinate expression between the plastid and nuclear genomes, and is responsive to environmental conditions. Despite common ancestry with bacterial translation, chloroplast translation is more complex and involves positive regulatory mRNA elements and a host of requisite protein translation factors that do not have counterparts in bacteria. Previous proteomic analyses of the chloroplast ribosome identified a significant number of chloroplast-unique ribosomal proteins that expand upon a basic bacterial 70S-like composition. In this study, cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction were used to calculate the structure of the chloroplast ribosome to a resolution of 15.5 A. Chloroplast-unique proteins are visualized as novel structural additions to a basic bacterial ribosome core. These structures are located at optimal positions on the chloroplast ribosome for interaction with mRNAs during translation initiation. Visualization of these chloroplast-unique structures on the ribosome, combined with mRNA cross-linking, allows us to propose a model for translation initiation in chloroplasts in which chloroplast-unique ribosomal proteins interact with plastid-specific translation factors and RNA elements to facilitate regulated translation of chloroplast mRNAs.
A multipath relay transport control method for real-time video service (2015)

Multipath relay transport system supports end-to-end media multipath transmission through relay controller and relay server. The performance of multipath transport not only depends on path quality, but also depends on end-to-end multipath transport control mechanism and protocol. Analyzing the features of real-time video service and requirement of multipath transport control, this work proposes a model to evaluate the quality of service (QoS) weight of path. It designs a load distribution algorithm based on the features of service and the QoS weight. It also designs a subflow reassembling algorithm based on dynamic receiver buffer. Finally, OMNeT++ simulations were conducted to verify the rationality and feasibility of the model and algorithm.
A Multikilowatt Polyphase AC/DC Converter with Reversible Power Flow and without Passive Low-Frequency Filters (1981)

An efficient ac-to-dc converter with reversible power flow, which embodies an active, low-frequency filter, is presented. A nondissipatively controlled, nonlinear resonant oscillator is used to extract electric energy directly from the phase pairs of the polyphase supply line and to generate a mixed amplitude-and frequency-modulated carrier. The demodulated carrier and the resulting 20-kHz pulse train produces, after being processed by a high-frequency filter, an active, low-frequency filtering effect for attenuation of the 360-Hz ripple of the apparently ``rectified'' three-phase supply line. The system is governed by means of a pulse area control mechanism with a verified response time of one 10-kHz cycle, or 100 µs. The customary dc link between the three-phase line and the converter's 20-kHz pulse-processing mechanism in the form of a common rectifier-filter is completely eliminated. Data obtained from the test of a 3-kW feasibility model are analyzed in support of the presentation of the significant aspects of design and technology.
DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH INHIBITION AND INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS BY GOSSYPOL BETWEEN HCT116 AND HCT116/BAX<sup>−/–</sup> COLORECTAL CANCER CELLS (2007)

1. Bax is a very important pro-apoptosis molecule. HCT116/Bax(-/-) cells do not express the pro-apoptosis Bcl-2 family member, Bax. In the present study, the anticancer effects of gossypol on HCT116 and HCT116/Bax(-/-) cells were compared in terms of inhibition of cell growth, inhibition of colony formation and induction of apoptosis. 2. Following treatment with concentrations more than 20 micromol/L gossypol, only slight differences (not significant) were seen between HCT116 and HCT116/Bax(-/-) cells in terms of the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. No difference was seen in the inhibition of colony formation. Gossypol had no effect at concentrations < 2 micromol/L. The only effective concentration of gossypol to result in differences between HCT116 and HCT116/Bax(-/-) cells was 5 micromol/L. However, even at this concentration, Bax deficiency did not result in complete abolition of gossypol-induced growth inhibition or apoptosis. Exposure of cells to 5 micromol/L gossypol for 24 h did not cause any significant difference in the activation of caspase 2 between HCT116 and HCT116/Bax(-/-) cells; however, activation of caspase 3, 8 and 9 was significantly elevated in HCT116 cells, with the effect on caspase 3 activation being the greatest, compared with HCT116/Bax(-/-) cells. 3. These findings suggest that the contribution of Bax to gossypol-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis is dose dependent and that gossypol-induced apoptosis requires activation of caspase 3, 8, and 9.