gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a Continuous Detonation Wave Engine for Space Application (2006)

*† ‡ § ** The last years showed a renewed interest in space exploration with the announcement of new and ambitious space programs. The prospect of the near term return of manned missions to the moon or the development of clusters of small-size satellites imply that we need simple and affordable access to space. Detonation wave engines, thanks to their more efficient thermodynamic properties, are expected to exhibit a higher level of performance than more conventional propulsion system that rely on constant-pressure combustion processes. Nevertheless, it still has to be proved that this advantage is not superseded by the difficulties which could be encountered to practically define a real engine and to implement it in an operational flying system. Application of detonation wave propulsion to the liquid rocket engine could increase the specific impulse and improve the feasibility of a full rocket SSTO, but obtaining this result probably needs to radically change the concept of the vehicle in order to take all the advantage of the detonation wave process. During past years, MBDA performed some theoretical and experimental works, mainly in cooperation with the Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics in Novosibirsk. These studies aimed at obtaining a preliminary demonstration of the feasibility of a Continuous Detonation Wave Engine (CDWE) for air-breathing and rocket application. Compared to a Pulsed Detonation Engine, this design allows an easier operation in reducedpressure environment and an increase in engine mass flow rate and thrust-toweight ratio. Those studies were focused on global performance and understanding of the unsteady, three dimensional flow behind the detonation wave. Investigations were conducted to gain knowledge of the noise generated by a CDWE operating at several kiloHertz, heat fluxes (intensity, areas) and cooling strategies, composite materials (Carbon / Silicon Carbide) compatibility, engine thrust vectoring capability and pollution (for air-breathing application). Those results were used to validate 1-D and 2-D unsteady computations. Discrepancies between numerical results and analytical flow-solutions were found that highlight the difficulties of detonation waves simulations. On the basis of these results, a preliminary design of an operational engine is under progress taking into account all engine/airframe integration issues in order to optimize the benefit of detonation wave engine. The main options of this design will be presented and discussed in the paper before a global performance evaluation
Synthesis, characterization, and preclinical validation of a PET radiopharmaceutical for interrogating Aβ (β-amyloid) plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (2015)

These data offer a platform scaffold conducive to further optimization for developing new PET tracers to study Aβ pathophysiology in vitro and in vivo.
ON A REDUCTION OF PITCH SEARCHING TIME BY PREPROCESSING IN THE CELP VOCODER (1994)

Code Excited Linear Prediction(CELP) speech coders exhibit good performance at data rates below 4.8 kbps. This major drawback of CELP type coders is required much computation. In this paper, we propose a new pitch search method that preserves the quality of the CELP vocoder with reducing complexity. In the pitch searching, we detect the segments of high correlation by a simple preprocessing, and then carry out the pitch searching only for the segments obtained by the preprocessing. By using the proposed method, we can get approximately complexity reduction in the pitch search.
Unified Heterogeneous Networking Design (2013)

The Internet was designed under the assumption that end-hosts are stationary and have one interface. Current mobile devices have multiple network interfaces, such as Wi-Fi, LTE, WiMAX, and possibly Ethernet. Such diverse network connectivity can be used to increase both reliability and performance by running applications over multiple links sequentially, for a seamless user experience, or in parallel, for bandwidth and performance enhancements. Users are also consuming Internet services from multiple locations and devices, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and IP-enabled TVs. The existing networking stack, however, offers almost no support for intelligently exploiting such network, location and device diversity.
BIOACTIVE GLASS PARTICLES OF NARROW SIZE RANGE (1993)

A clinical trial to treat dental osseous lesions with bioactive glass granules of narrow size range (300 to 360 microns) has been conducted since early spring 1990. This study followed an animal study in which the osseous tissue repair properties of bioactive glass granules of narrow size range and hydroxyapatite granules were compared for up to 2 years of implantation. The therapeutic response to the bioactive glass material exceeded the response to the hydroxyapatite as evidenced by very extensive osteoconduction, as well as the capacity to cause differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells to osteoblasts. The clinical study was started by virtue of the bioactive glass granules of narrow size range eliciting expeditious bone tissue formation throughout a defect. In this clinical study 87 patients and 106 defects were treated. The indications selected were apical resection areas, cystic defects, extraction sites, and defects of the alveolar ridge due to surgery or resorption. After insertion, the particles remained well in place and only small changes in the contours of the restored defects were seen, at the most up to 2 months postinsertion. At 3 months the application sites had fully solidified. Radiographic analysis indicated that the material integrated into the bone tissue, and at 6 months any difference between glass particles and bone tissue had nearly disappeared. The few initial cases with limited clinical results were caused by factors unrelated to the glass granules, mostly the surgical technique. By adapting the surgical technique, no unfavorable clinical results were subsequently experienced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microstructural and Optical Evaluation of Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes and II–VI Distributed Bragg Reflectors Combined by Direct Wafer Bonding (2005)

We report on the structural and optical characteristics of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and n -type ZnSe-based II–VI distributed Bragg reflectors combined by direct wafer bonding. Reflectivity and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements were performed. The bonded sample exhibited a higher reflectivity at the wavelength of 510 nm than a control LED with an Al cap. Samples were bonded at 270°C for 60 min or at 650°C for 5 min. Cross-sectional TEM revealed a uniform wafer-bonded interface with no voids or cavities for the low temperature sample, while the sample bonded at a higher temperature was observed to have lens-shaped cavities at semiconductor interfaces.
Faithful expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transgenic zebrafish embryos under control of zebrafish gene promoters (1999)

Although the zebrafish has become a popular model organism for vertebrate developmental and genetic analyses, its use in transgenic studies still suffers from the scarcity of homologous gene promoters. In the present study, three different zebrafish cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced completely, and their expression patterns were characterized by whole-mount in situ hybridization as well as by Northern blot hybridization. The first clone encodes a type II cytokeratin (CK), which is specifically expressed in skin epithelia in early embryos and prominently expressed in the adult skin tissue. The second clone is muscle specific and encodes a muscle creatine kinase (MCK). The third clone, expressed ubiquitously in all tissues, is derived from an acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 (arp) gene. In order to test the fidelity of zebrafish embryos in transgenic expression, the promoters of the three genes were isolated using a rapid linker-mediated PCR approach and subsequently ligated to a modified green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene. When the three hybrid GFP constructs were introduced into zebrafish embryos by microinjection, the three promoters were activated faithfully in developing zebrafish embryos. The 2.2-kb ck promoter was sufficient to direct GFP expression in skin epithelia, although a weak expression in muscle was also observed in a few embryos. This pattern of transgenic expression is consistent with the expression pattern of the endogenous cytokeratin gene. The 1.5-kb mck promoter/gfp was expressed exclusively in skeletal muscles and not elsewhere. By contrast, the 0.8-kb ubiquitous promoter plus the first intron of the arp gene were capable of expressing GFP in a variety of tissues, including the skin, muscle, lens, neurons, notochord, and circulating blood cells. Our experiments, therefore, further demonstrated that zebrafish embryos can faithfully express exogenously introduced genes under the control of zebrafish promoters.
Design of Substrate-Based Inhibitors of Human β-Secretase (2001)

By use of the effectively cleaved β-secretase (BACE) substrate (1), incorporation of a statine in P1 resulted in a weak inhibitor 13 of the enzyme. Further substitution of P1‘-Asp by P1‘-Val in 13 results in a potent inhibitor 22 of BACE. Removal of the P10−P5 residues on the N-terminal part of inhibitor 22 resulted in no loss of potency (23). C-terminal truncations of inhibitor 22 generally led to significant loss of potency.
Abstract 16273: Cardiospheres Recapitulate a Niche-Like Microenvironment Rich in Stemness and Cell-Matrix Interactions, Rationalizing Their Enhanced Functional Potency for Myocardial Repair (2010)

Aims: Cardiac stem cells are promising candidates for use in myocardial regenerative therapy. We compared the functional effects and phenotypes of cardiac-derived cells cultured as three-dimensiona...
<sup>6</sup>LiF-Sr<inf>x</inf>Ca<inf>1&#x2212;x</inf>F<inf>2</inf> doped with Ce and Eu eutectic scintillator for neutron detection (2011)

Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% activated LiF-SrF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> eutectic scintillators were fabricated by the Bridgman method using <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Li enriched (95%) raw material. In α-ray induced radio luminescence spectra, Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> doped eutectic scintillators showed intense emission peak at 430 nm due to an emission from Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> 5d-4f transition of Eu:SrF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layers. When <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf neutrons were irradiated, they exhibited almost the same light yields of 5000-7000 ph/n with a typical decay times of several hundreds ns.
Identification of cell‐penetrating osteogenic peptide from copine‐7 protein and its delivery system for enhanced bone formation (2019)

Peptide and proteins are recognized as highly selective and therapeutically active biomaterials, as well as relatively safe in clinical application. A calcium phospholipid-binding protein, copine 7 (CPNE7), has been recently identified to induce hard tissue regeneration, including bone and dentin by internalizing into the cells. However, the clinical application of the full length of CPNE7 has limited due to its large size with short half-life. Herein, as an alternative to CPNE7, six bioactive synthetic peptides are designed from CPNE7 (CPNE7-derived peptides, CDP1-CDP6) and investigated their osteogenic potential. Among the CDPs, CDP4 have the highest level of cell-penetrating activity as well as osteogenic efficiency in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). CDP4 increased the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins, which was comparable to that by BMP-2. The cell penetration capacity of CDP4 may synergistically induce the osteogenic potential of DPSCs. Moreover, the implantation of the mixture of CDP4 with injectable collagen gel increased bone formation with recovery in the mouse calvarial defect model, comparable to full-length CPNE7 and even BMP-2. In conclusion, these results suggest that our synthetic peptide, CDP4, can be applied in combination with biomaterial to provide high osteogenic efficacy in the field of bone tissue engineering.
Bounded Query Rewriting Using Views (2016)

A query Q has a bounded rewriting using a set of views if there exists a query Q' expressed in the same language as Q, such that given a dataset D, Q(D) can be computed by Q' that accesses only cached views and a small fraction DQ of D. We consider datasets D that satisfy a set of access constraints, a combination of cardinality constraints and associated indices, such that the size |DQ| of DQ and the time to identify DQ are independent of |D|, no matter how big D is.
Catch the wave to electricity (2008)

The ocean are largely an untapped source of energy. However, compared to other energies, power fluctuations for ocean waves are small over longer periods of time. This paper present a grid-oriented approach to electricity production from ocean waves, utilizing a minimal amount of mechanical components.
Coordinated Backup and Recovery between Database Management Systems and File Systems (2001)

Abstract: We consider a network of computers consisting of file servers and a Database Management System (DBMS) where a linkage is maintained, with referential integrity, between data in the DBMS and files in the file servers which are external to the DBMS. We present algorithms for performing backup and recovery of the DBMS data in a coordinated fashion with the files on the file servers. When a file is associated (linked) with a record in the DBMS, certain constraints are applied to support referential integrity, access control, and coordinated backup and recovery as if the file is stored in the DBMS. Backup of a referenced file is initiated when the file is linked. The file backup is performed asynchronously to the linking process so that the linking transaction is not delayed. In a typical scenario, when a database backup operation starts, all unfinished file backups are ensured to be completed before the database backup is declared successful. When a database is recovered to a state which includes references to files in one or more file servers, the DBMS ensures that the referenced files are also restored to their correct state in those file servers. However, since database backup and recovery are critical for database availability, the presence of an unavailable file server is tolerated during the database backup and recovery operations. Our algorithms for coordinated backup and recovery have been implemented in the IBM DB2/DataLinks product. The DataLinks concept is also part of the ISO SQL/MED standard [ISO00]. 1.
A New Anthropometric Phantom for Calibrating in Vivo Measurements of Stable Lead in the Human Leg Using X-Ray Fluorescence (2000)

A new anthropometric phantom has been developed for calibrating in vivo measurements of stable lead deposited in bone using x-ray fluorescence. The phantom reproduces the shape of the mid shaft of the adult human leg and is fabricated using polyurethanes and calcium carbonate to produce materials that exhibit the same density, energy transmission, and calcium content as cortical bone, bone marrow, and muscle. The phantom includes a removable tibia fabricated using simulants for cortical bone and bone marrow to which a precise amount of stable lead has been added to cortical bone. The formulations used in fabricating the new anthropometric phantom are much more uniform in density and composition than the conventional phantom made from Plexiglas cylinders filled with plaster-of-Paris. The energy spectrum from an x-ray fluorescence measurement of the phantom using a 109Cd source is indistinguishable from an in vivo x-ray fluorescence measurement of the human leg, demonstrating that the materials used in the phantom exhibit the same radiological properties as human tissue. Likewise, results from x-ray fluorescence measurements of the phantom exhibit the same positional dependency as the human leg and vary by approximately 36% when, for example, the phantom containing 54 ppm of stable lead in the tibia was rotated by only 15 degrees. The detection limit for a 30 min 109Cd K shell x-ray fluorescence in vivo measurement is approximately 20 ppm determined from a background measurement using the new phantom containing no added lead in the muscle, bone, or bone marrow. The new anthropometric phantom significantly improves in vivo x-ray fluorescence calibration measurements by (1) faithfully reproducing the anatomy of the human leg, (2) having components that exhibit radiological properties similar to that of human tissue, and (3) providing a realistic calibration standard that can be used for in vivo x-ray fluorescence intercomparison measurements.
Novel devices in ESD protection (2007)

ESD protection circuits are part of any electronic circuit to ensure robustness against electrical surges. The choice of the ESD protection concept strongly depends on the IO devices. The integration of devices like DeMOS for high voltage interfaces in system on chip applications and multigate FETs in advanced CMOS requires new process optimization strategies taking into account the high current behavior of these devices. The specific thermal behavior of fin structures and the base push out in DeMOS devices during an ESD event are found to be detrimental. However, by the presented process and design modifications the initially very low ESD robustness of < 0.1 mA/mum can be raised to levels which are compliant with IC design constraints.
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Performance of S. cerevisiae strains on spruce and bagasse slurries (2010)

Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) is considered to be the most preferred option for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic raw materials. It is a process where enzymatic hydrolysis of water insoluble solids (WIS) in a slurry and fermentation of hydrolyzed sugars takes place simultaneously. It is possible to achieve high final ethanol concentrations and a high overall ethanol yield by having high WIS content in a SSF process. A wide variety of lignocellulosic materials such as softwood, hardwood and grasses are available as options for raw materials and their compositions show huge diversity. Subsequently, the fermentation performance of yeast show large variations in these varied raw materials. The present work demonstrates the performance of two strains of S. cerevisiae (parental strain and RKU903) in a SSF process using spruce and bagasse slurries at 7.5% and 11% WIS content. Enzyme mixture from Novozymes (NS-22074) at 5 FPU/g WIS is used for saccharification with an initial cell concentration of 3 g dry weight/l. The process is maintained at pH 5.0 and 35 °C for a period of 96h. The analysis of SSF show that both strains perform well at 7.5% WIS spruce and no major differences observed between the strains in terms of consumption of sugars and ethanol production. However, at 11% WIS spruce both strains were not able to completely convert HMF and resulted in lower ethanol yields compared to SSF at 7.5% WIS spruce. On the other hand, at 7.5% WIS bagasse the parental strain displayed poor consumption of sugars despite low levels of HMF and furfural. This indicates the presence of other inhibitors which might limit the utilization of sugars by yeast cells. Analyses also show that considerable amounts of residual xylose were present at the end of SSF. The results from SSF experiments also suggests that for a complete characterization of yeast strains SSF at higher WIS contents in varied raw materials are needed to be performed.
GRADIENT FLOW BROADBAND BEAMFORMING AND SOURCE SEPARATION (2001)

We present and demonstrate a method for blind separation and bearing estimation of broadband traveling waves, impinging on a sensor array with dimensions smaller than the shortest wavelength in the sources. By sensing spatial and temporal gradients of the received signal, the problem of separating mixtures of time-delayed sources reduces to that of separating instantaneous mixtures of the gradient components of the sources using conventional tools of independent component analysis. Experimental results demonstrate real-world separation of speech in outdoors and indoors environments, using a planar array of four microphones within a 5 mm radius and analog circuits computing spatial and temporal derivatives. 1.
Network Coding for Wireless Applications: A Brief Tutorial (2005)

Abstract — The advent of network coding promises to change many aspects of networking. Network coding moves away from the classical approach of networking, which treats networks as akin to physical transportation systems. We overview some of the main features of network coding that are most relevant to wireless networks. In particular, we discuss the fact that random distributed network coding is asymptotically optimal for wireless networks with and without packet erasures. These results are extremely general and allow packet loss correlation, such as may occur in fading wireless channels. The coded network lends itself, for multicast connections, to a cost optimization which not only outperforms traditional routing tree-based approaches, but also lends itself to a distributed implementation and to a dynamic implementation when changing conditions, such as mobility, arise. We illustrate the performance of such optimization methods for energy efficiency in wireless networks and propose some new directions for research in the area. I.
Adhesion measurement of thin films to a porous low dielectric constant film using a modified tape test (2002)

10.1163/156856102760099906
Leightweight Document Clustering (2000)

Accurate methods to predict the binding affinities of compounds for target molecules are powerful tools in structure-based drug design (SBDD). A recently developed method called massively parallel computation of absolute binding free energy with a well-equilibrated system (MP-CAFEE) successfully predicted the binding affinities of compounds with relatively similar scaffolds. We investigate the applicability of MP-CAFEE for predicting the affinity of compounds having more diverse scaffolds for the target p38α, a mitogen-activated protein kinase. The calculated and experimental binding affinities correlate well, showing that MP-CAFEE can accurately rank the compounds with diverse scaffolds. We propose a method to determine the optimal number of sampling runs with respect to a predefined level of accuracy, which is established according to the stage in the SBDD process being considered. The optimal number of sampling runs for two key stages-lead identification and lead optimization-is estimated to be five and eight or more, respectively, in our model system using Cochrans sample size formula.
Memristor-based divider designs (2018)

This chapter presents completed work in the design and implementation of memristor-based dividers. IMPLY, hybrid-CMOS, threshold-gate, and MAD approaches to binary-restoring, SRT, and Goldschmidt dividers are described and analyzed in terms of complexity and delay. Completed schematics and simulations are also given.