gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence-specific activation of TAK1-D by short double-stranded RNAs induces apoptosis in NCI-H460 cells (2008)

Short double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) are potent biological entities triggering a number of cellular effects. Most prominent among these is the post-transcriptional gene silencing of target genes by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In addition dsRNAs activate signal transduction processes through molecules like PKR or the Toll-like receptor important in viral defense and in explaining off target effects of siRNAs. Only a few of these dsRNA triggered pathways have been characterized yet. Here we show that the splicing variant D of the TAK1 gene is activated by short double-stranded RNAs in a sequence-specific manner. Activation of TAK1-D leads to the downstream activation of the p38 MAPK and of SAPK/JNK but not the NFkappaB pathway. In the human lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 the activation of these pathways leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that TAK1-D is activated by siRNAs of specific sequences, offering a new explanation for off target effects triggered by these molecules. In addition the dsRNA triggered activation of a cell death pathway in the human lung cancer cell line studied suggests that TAK1-D might be a new and promising therapeutic target for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Randomized controlled trial of 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips. (2005)

Vital bleaching with 10% hydrogen peroxide strips at one week was as effective as 6% hydrogen peroxide strips used for two weeks.
Microhollow cathode discharges as plasma cathodes for atmospheric pressure glow discharges in air (2003)

Summary form only given. One of the main obstacles for do operation of high-pressure glow discharges is the glow-to-arc transition, an instability that originates in the high field region of the discharge: the cathode fall. Reduction or even elimination of the cathode fall is possible by using a plasma cathode. A microhollow cathode discharge (MHCD) has been used as plasma cathode for a glow discharge in air, sustained between the hollow anode of the MHCD and a third electrode which was positively biased with respect to the MHCD anode. With this method we were able to obtain stable DC operation in air up to atmospheric pressure without reaching the threshold for glow-to-are transition. Current and voltage characteristics, axial electric field distribution and the visual appearance of this glow discharge and the MHCD were studied in air at atmospheric pressure. In order to obtain the stable air discharge the current in the MHCD needs to exceed a threshold value. Typical threshold currents for a 100 /spl mu/m diameter hollow cathode are 5-10 mA. Above the threshold, the current in the glow discharge is identical with the MHCD current and can be controlled by varying the MHCD voltage.
Molecular Basis of Imidazolinone Herbicide Resistance in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> var Columbia (1991)

Acetolactate synthase (ALS), the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of leucine, isoleucine, and valine, is inhibited by imidazolinone herbicides. To understand the molecular basis of imidazolinone resistance, we isolated the ALS gene from an imazapyr-resistant mutant GH90 of Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA sequence analysis of the mutant ALS gene demonstrated a single-point mutation from G to A at nucleotide 1958 of the ALS-coding sequence. This would result in Ser to Asn substitution at residue 653 near the carboxyl terminal of the matured ALS. The mutant ALS gene was introduced into tobacco using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Imidazolinone-resistant growth of transformed calli and leaves of transgenic plants was 100-fold greater than that of nontransformed control plants. The relative levels of imidazolinone-resistant ALS activity correlated with the amount of herbicide-resistant growth in the leaves of transgenic plants. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed the existence of transferred ALS gene in the transformant showing high imazapyr resistance. The results demonstrate that the mutant ALS gene confers resistance to imidazolinone herbicides. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of the molecular basis of imidazolinone resistance in plants.
A multi-kilowatt high-frequency AC-link inverter for conversion of low-voltage DC to utility power voltages (2008)

In this paper the results from a prototype low voltage DC input (<30 VDC) kilowatt class high frequency parallel-loaded resonant AC-link inverter is described. This system delivers utility grade voltage-source power at electronically selectable 50, 60, or 400 Hz. Cycle-by-cycle bidirectional current flow reduces the need for intermediate energy storage and allows for operation in a wide range of power factor with passive stability. The high frequency AC link and voltage boost stage is comprised of a zero voltage, zero current switching full-bridge inverter. This soft switching high frequency inverter is well suited for handling the large currents expected from a low voltage source. The output inverter is connected directly to this high frequency AC-link and zero voltage switching is employed in the output inverter to eliminate switching loss. A discretized sinusoidal carrier wave modulation (DSCWM) algorithm is used to control the high frequency boost inverter. The switching frequency of the DSCWM algorithm is fixed in relation to the frequency of the resonant high frequency AC link. The discretization of the modulation algorithm allows for the high frequency link to be discontinuous thus improving the zero voltage switching of the inverter. The elimination of a rectifier stage and reduction of the intermediate energy storage delivers a high power density design when compared to conventional dc-dc-ac methods. While switching loss has been greatly minimized, AC resistance due to high frequency operation and large peak currents present must be addressed in the interconnections and magnetic design.
Derivative measurement by frequency mixing (1976)

A dual-frequency technique for electronically measuring high-order derivatives by frequency mixing is described. The technique utilizes an ac modulation at two distinct but synchronous frequencies to produce a derivative signal at a useful difference frequency which is unique to the order of the derivative being measured. By appropriate selection of the frequencies, significant experimental advantages are obtained compared to the conventional method in which derivatives are sensed at harmonics of a single frequency. The technique is illustrated with a practical measurement of the second derivative of the electrical characteristic of a silicon rectifier diode.
Neutron detection with large plastic scintillators for RPM applications (2015)

Homeland security requests the use Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) to detect and differentiate gamma and neutron radiation. Gamma detection is required for illicit transportation of radioactive matter detection. Neutron detection is important to control nonproliferation of enriched material. Manufacturers worldwide propose sensors based on 3He which give the actual state of art in term of neutron detection. The price fluctuations due to the announcement of the shortage of 3He forces manufacturers to find viable alternative. From 10 years sensors providers have the challenge to replace previous 3He detectors that are known to be the most commonly deployed neutron sensor. As 3He detectors can only detect neutron, they must be completed with gamma detector. The proposed approach is based on pulse time correlation between adjacent sensors from signal collected by EJ200 plastic scintillators to detect gamma and neutron. Results obtained during FP7 Scintilla project test campaigns show the system relevance for replacement of today's 3He detectors.
Carbon-on-Metal Films for Surface Plasmon Resonance Detection of DNA Arrays (2008)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging affords label-free monitoring of biomolecule interactions in an array format. A surface plasmon conducting metal thin film is required for SPR measurements. Gold thin films are traditionally used in SPR experiments as they are readily functionalized with thiol-containing molecules through formation of a gold-sulfur bond. The lability of this gold-thiol linkage upon exposure to oxidizing conditions and ultraviolet light renders these surfaces incompatible with light-directed synthetic methods for fabricating DNA arrays. It is shown here that applying a thin carbon overlayer to the gold surface yields a chemically robust substrate that permits light-directed synthesis and also supports surface plasmons. DNA arrays fabricated on these carbon-metal substrates are used to analyze two classes of biomolecular interactions: DNA-DNA and DNA-protein. This new strategy allows the combinatorial study of binding interactions directly from native, unmodified biomolecules of interest and offers the possibility of discovering new ligands in complex mixtures such as cell lysates.
Leaching of iron from copper tailings by sulfuric acid: behavior, kinetics and mechanism (2021)

Copper tailing is a widespread and intractable solid waste in copper production. Traditional leaching and recovery technology for copper tailing focuses on copper but neglects the leaching of iron. With the increase in applications and demands of iron-containing materials for environment, understanding the leaching behaviors of iron can promote the utilization of copper tailings. In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of the leaching of iron from copper tailings using sulfuric acid were studied. Under optimal conditions (40 °C, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.53 mol L<sup>-1</sup>, stirring speed of 400 rpm, solid/liquid ratio of 1 : 10 and leaching time of 120 min), 66.45% of Fe, along with 65.32% of Zn and 59.95% of Cu, were leached from the tailings. The leaching of iron was confirmed to be controlled by solid-film diffusion. The reaction orders for sulfuric acid concentration, solid/liquid ratio, and stirring speed were found to be 0.85, -0.70, and 0.40, respectively. Results from XRF, XRD, and SEM indicated that oxides (including CaO, CuO, and ZnO) were leached first, after which Fe<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> was preferentially reacted compared to Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The accumulation of CaSO<sub>4</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> inhibited the further leaching of iron.
Review on laparoscopic hysterectomy. (1995)

An increasing number of data on laparoscopic hysterectomy has become available since the procedure was introduced in 1989. This article reviews all published series till June 1995, totaling 4502 cases. Prior to this procedural evaluating strategy is addressed to highlight the short-comings of such a review. Most data are collected retrospectively in a lunited number of centers, all dedicated to the procedure. Laparoscopy Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) may cover a whole range of procedures, and a classification system is needed. It is suggested that classification systems based on the degree of anatomical dissection is clinically most relevant. During 76.1% of LAVH-procedures, the uterine artery is ligated laparoscopically, though the fraction of total laparoscopic hysterectomies is minimal (1.5%). Mean conversion rate is 2.5% and mean major complication rate is 3.24% (range 0-20%). Urinary tract lesions (1.42%), such as bladder perforation, and reintervention for haemorrhage (0.78%), are the most frequent complications. LAVH seems an efficacious procedure, more data on its effectiveness are urgently needed.
Aqueous pretreatment of polyetherimide to facilitate the bonding of electrolessly deposited metals. Part 2. Solubilizer-free systems (1992)

An aqueous method for chemically pretreating polyetherimide substrates to promote adhesion to electrolessly deposited copper or nickel is described. The process consists of cleaning the polymer surface followed by surface normalization and debris removal. In contrast to previously developed processes, no separate adhesion promotion step is required. Peel strengths between 150-250 and 120-150 g/mm were achieved for copper and nickel, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to investigate changes in the polymer surface morphology and chemistry during processing. Possible candidates for the different steps are presented, as are analyses of the failure loci following peel strength assessment.
Driver authentication by quantifying driving style using GPS only (2020)

Driver authentication that is verifying a driver's identity constitutes an important aspect of modern day automobile. A driver gets access to drive a car based on his identity. Identity is normally verified with smart card or possession of key. Also there exist identity verification based on fingerprint, passcode and image based approach using camera mounted inside a car. However such approach do not consider driving style based authentication. In this paper, we present an approach that uses personalized statistical feature set extracted from the global positioning system (GPS) data to authenticate a driver. Such personalized feature set reduces computation, improves interpretability of features and accuracy. Proposed method is further enriched by determining and using the most suitable machine learning technique. Our approach is tuned to increase accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Overall mean area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) obtained is 0.9 which implies the robustness of this technique. Primary contribution of the paper is personalized feature set for driver authentication. We provide performance comparison of several machine learning algorithms such as SVM, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, MLP etc. for driver authentication.
Effective Distribution Coefficient of Silicon Dopants During Magnetic Czochralski Growth (1985)

Silicon crystals have been grown under axial magnetic fields of up to 0.2 T. At 0.05 T the field starts to interact with the melt and dopant incorporation becomes erratic. As the field is increased to 0.2 T the interaction becomes more controlled and it is seen that the effective distribution coefficient (keff) moves towards unity. A theory based on the analysis by Burton, Prim & Slichter of the dependence of the effective distribution coefficient (keff) on growth and crystal rotation rates in Czochralski growth is extended to include the effect of an imposed steady axial magnetic field. The flow fields incorporated into the theory are based on the analysis of the hydromagnetic flow at a rotating disc due to Kakutani (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn (1962) 17, 1496). It is shown that keff approaches unity as the field increases.
Theoretical anisotropic transverse resonance technique for the design of low‐profile wideband antennas (2016)

The authors derive an anisotropic transverse resonance technique enabling the design of a low profile, wideband radiating rectangular cavity. They calculate a tapered geometry that preserves an effective half wavelength resonance within a cavity partially loaded with an anisotropic medium. This design results in an antenna profile of λ o /24, with 1.4 octaves of bandwidth, and a realised gain of 3.3–7.2 dB from 210 to 505 MHz. Using an adaption of a coaxial line to waveguide transition, which utilises two flat rectangular probes as a two‐port matching network, as well as an external 180° hybrid coupler as a phase splitter, they achieve a voltage standing wave ratio of better than 2:1 across the whole band.
Performance and diagnostic measurements of a supersonic HCl chemical laser (1979)

A supersonic purely chemical continuous-wave HCl laser is described in which nonequilibrium concentrations of atomic chlorine are generated by the branch-chain reaction of NO with ClO2. The ClO2 is injected into a stream of NO in helium immediately upstream of the throat of a slit nozzle. The reacting gases then expand as a free jet into a low-pressure region where HI is added to rapidly form vibrationally excited HCl. A maximum HCl multiline output power of 35 W is obtained, which represents a chemical efficiency of ∼4.5% based on the total exothermicity of the pumping reaction and the limiting flow rate of HI. An efficient technique for visualizing the flow in the expanded region is described. This technique is based on the visible chemiluminescence resulting from the addition of H2S to the NO/ClO2 reaction system.
SmartMetals: a new method for metal identification based on fuzzy logic (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a method of searching, identifying and cross‐referencing metal alloys based on their chemical composition and/or mechanical properties, typically obtained by analysis and tests. The method uses a general pattern similar to the approach of a human expert, and relies on a classification of metals based on metallurgical expertise and fuzzy logic for identifying metals and comparing their chemical and mechanical properties. The algorithm has been tested and deployed in real applications for fast metal identification and finding of unknown equivalents, by the leading companies in the field. The same principles can also be used in other domains for similar problems, such as organic and inorganic materials identification and generic drugs comparison. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary Functional Diagnostic Imaging Using a Dynamic Flat-panel Detector: Comparison with Findings in Pulmonary Scintigraphy (2009)

Pulmonary ventilation and circulation dynamics are reflected on dynamic chest radiographs as changes in X-ray translucency,i.e., pixel values. The present study was performed to develop a pulmonary functional evaluation method based on the changes in pixel value, and to investigate the clinical usefulness of our method. Sequential chest radiographs of 20 subjects (abnormal,n=12; normal,n=8) during respiration were obtained with a dynamic flat-panel detector (FPD) system. The average pixel value in each local area was measured tracking the same area. To facilitate visual evaluation, the results were mapped on the original image using a grayscale in which small changes were shown in black and large changes were shown in white. In our clinical evaluation in comparison with a pulmonary scintigraphy, pulmonary ventilation disorder was indicated as a reduction of changes in pixel values. In many patients, there was a correlation between our result and a pulmonary scintigraphy (0.7<r, 4 cases; 0.4<r<or=0.7, 6 cases; 0.2<r<or=0.4, 1 case; 0<r<or=0.2, 1 case). The present method with real-time computer analysis is expected to be a rapid and simple method for evaluating pulmonary function and as an additional examination in conventional chest radiography.
How to deal with bot scum in MMORPGs? (2010)

Nowadays, bots are becoming a critical issue for the online gaming world. Bots give unfair advantages, and are then considered as cheating and undesirable on game servers. Currently, CAPTCHA and human controls are the most commonly chosen strategies to catch bots. However, these methods are intrusive and complicated have proven to be inefficient due to the large servers' populations. Researchers have proposed various kinds of automated detection scheme. Yet, these proposals exhibit unpractical features, such as complexity or scalability issues, making the deployment on real systems problematic. We propose to study bots' and humans' client-server communication patterns, focusing on a one of most famous MMORPG called World of Warcraft. Intuiting that, for sake of efficiency and human-looking behavior, bots cannot constrain both packet timing and sizes, we propose a detection scheme that combines both parameters. We propose an online algorithm that processes our scheme on the fly as packets arrive. We evaluate the proposed scheme with real packet trace and observe that it can detect bots with small false alarm probability.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebral cortex (1988)

Surgical resection of the epileptic focus is an effective treatment for otherwise uncontrollable epileptic seizures. Localization of cerebral function in the region of the epileptic focus is a mandatory part of the presurgical evaluation. Development of magnetic stimulation for evaluation of speech and memory is technically feasible and will lead to safer, more efficient, noninvasive evaluation of seizure surgery patients. Strategies for predicting an optimum excitation circuit and field configurations are discussed. The goal is to maximize the rate of change of the magnetic field for a minimum of 20 mu s while not exceeding reasonable power requirements. The induced field level must be repeated at 15-20 Hz to maintain constant brain stimulation during the period of the test.< <ETX>></ETX>
MLMD: Maximum Likelihood Mixture Decoupling for Fast and Accurate Point Cloud Registration (2015)

Registration of Point Cloud Data (PCD) forms a core component of many 3D vision algorithms such as object matching and environment reconstruction. In this paper, we introduce a PCD registration algorithm that utilizes Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and a novel dual-mode parameter optimization technique which we call mixture decoupling. We show how this decoupling technique facilitates both faster and more robust registration by first optimizing over the mixture parameters (decoupling the mixture weights, means, and co variances from the points) before optimizing over the 6 DOF registration parameters. Furthermore, we frame both the decoupling and registration process inside a unified, dual-mode Expectation Maximization (EM) framework, for which we derive a Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) solution along with a parallel implementation on the GPU. We evaluate our MLE-based mixture decoupling (MLMD) registration method over both synthetic and real data, showing better convergence for a wider range of initial conditions and higher speeds than previous state of the art methods.
Efficient and Uniform Planar‐Type Perovskite Solar Cells by Simple Sequential Vacuum Deposition (2014)

A novel sequential layer-by-layer sub-100 °C vacuum-sublimation method to fabricate planar-type organometal halide perovskite solar cells is developed. Very uniform and highly crystalline perovskite thin films with 100% surface coverage are produced. The cells attain maximum and average efficiencies up to 15.4% and 14%, respectively. This low- temperature, all-vacuum process is suitable for a wide variety of rigid and flexible applications.
Forensic discrimination of vaginal epithelia by DNA methylation analysis through pyrosequencing (2016)

The accurate identification of body fluids from crime scenes can aid in the discrimination between criminal and innocent intent. This research aimed to determine if the levels of DNA methylation in the locus PFN3A could be used to discriminate vaginal epithelia from other body fluids. In this work we bisulfite-modified and amplified DNA samples from blood, saliva, semen, and vaginal epithelia using primers for PFN3A. Through pyrosequencing we were able to show that vaginal epithelia present distinct methylation levels when compared to other body fluids. Mixtures of different body fluids present methylation values that correlate with single-source body fluid samples and the primers for PFN3A are specific for primates. This report successfully demonstrated that the analysis of methylation in the PFN3A locus can be used for vaginal epithelia discrimination in forensic samples.