gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-throughput molecular imaging screen to monitor therapeutic response in vivo (2006)

B77 Molecular imaging is revolutionizing medical science by improving drug discovery and development, and facilitating therapeutic efficacy monitoring. In this presentation we will demonstrate a high-throughput molecular imaging screen that will facilitate real-time efficacy monitoring in small animal models of colorectal cancer. We have prepared a panel of complementary NIR-based imaging probes aimed at measuring physiological processes relevant to therapeutic response. For example, we have developed probes to measure epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression (NIR-EGF), glucose metabolism (NIR-GLC), steroidogenesis (NIR-conPK11195), and apoptosis (NIR-Annexin-V). We have shown that our optical analogs such as NIR-conPK11195 and NIR-GLC mimic the translational probes 18 FDG and 11 C-PK11195 already in use in the clinic. To the battery of probes already in place, we are currently adding agents for measuring DNA replication (NIR-d-thymidine) and angiogenesis (NIR-VEGF). The optical imaging screen developed here is broadly applicable to small animal disease models and will be used to accelerate the pre-clinical evaluation of biological response modifiers (BRMs) and conventional therapeutics. Furthermore, the screen will speed translational intervention by guiding the optimization of delivery method, dose, timing, and order of administration. While the optical screen is intended for use in small animal disease models, clinical efficacy monitoring is feasible by preparing PET and/or SPECT analogs to the optical probes. Utilizing our novel Lanthanide chelate chemistry, we are currently preparing PET/SPECT versions of the optical probes not currently available, with the goal of translating the full efficacy screen to the clinic.
Immunosuppressive Properties of Monoclonal Antibodies and Human Polyclonal Alloantibodies to the R80K Protein of Trophoblast (1996)

Those IgG antibodies eluted from microvesicles which bound to K562, and one of the three monoclonals, BA11, inhibited NK killing. The antibodies react with the murine molecule, and BA11 inhibited abortion in all three mouse abortion models. This reinforces the thesis that interference with NK killing can influence abortion/resorption in mice, and the BA11 antibody may effect similar results in analogous human situations.
Methods for reducing microwave resonance asymmetry in coherent-population-trapping based frequency standards (2005)

The paper discusses the theory of microwave resonance-line asymmetry in coherent population trapping (CPT) based frequency standards. Frequency errors caused by the asymmetry, and techniques for reducing the errors are described (patent pending).
Comparison of soft and hard tissue ablation with sub-ps and ns pulse lasers (1996)

Tissue ablation with ultrashort laser pulses offers several unique advantages. The nonlinear energy deposition is insensitive to tissue type allowing this tool to be used for soft and hard tissue ablation. The localized energy deposition leads to precise ablation depth and minimal collateral damage. In this paper we will report on our efforts to study and demonstrate tissue ablation using an ultrashort pulse laser. The ablation efficiency, and extent of collateral damage for 0.3 ps and 1000 ps duration laser pulses will be compared. Temperature measurements of the rear surface of a tooth section will also be presented.
Resonant-cavity <i>p</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>n</i> photodetector utilizing an electron-beam evaporated Si/SiO2 microcavity (1993)

A new photodetector configuration consisting of an integrated Si/SiO2 microcavity on the light-collecting surface of an InGaAs photodetector is proposed and demonstrated. The resulting resonant cavity p-i-n (RC-PIN) detector exhibits a narrow spectral response of 14 nm width at a wavelength of 1350 nm, while reflecting all other wavelengths from 1100 to 1700 nm. The high degree of tailorability of spectral position, spectral detection width, and numerical aperature of efficient detection, as well as the ease of layer deposition make the RC-PIN attractive for use in wavelength de-multiplexing applications.
Induction by transforming growth factor‐β1 of the interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist and of its intracellular form in human polymorphonuclear cells (1994)

The aim of this study was to examine the expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1). TGF beta 1 induced IL-1ra transcripts in human circulating PMN and the induction was not blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors. Actinomycin D blocked induction by TGF beta 1 of IL-1ra transcripts, suggesting the involvement of gene transcription. The half life of IL-1ra transcripts was prolonged by TGF beta 1. By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, TGF beta 1 was found to augment the transcripts coding for both the intracellular (keratinocyte type) and the secreted form of IL-1ra. TGF beta 1 induced the production of IL-1ra in PMN. Induction of IL-1ra by TGF beta 1 in PMN may represent a further mechanism by which this molecule can counteract the potent pro-inflammatory properties of IL-1.
Low Temperature Sintering of Zn <sub>3</sub> Nb <sub>2</sub> O <sub>8</sub> Ceramics from Fine Powders (2006)

A possibility to produce microwave (MW) dielectric materials by liquid‐phase sintering of fine particles was investigated. Zn 3 Nb 2 O 8 powders with a grain size 50–300 nm were obtained by the thermal decomposition of freeze‐dried Zn–Nb hydroxides or frozen oxalate solutions. The crystallization of Zn 3 Nb 2 O 8 from amorphous decomposition products was often accompanied by the simultaneous formation of ZnNb 2 O 6 . Maximum sintering activity was observed for single‐phase crystalline Zn 3 Nb 2 O 8 powders obtained at the lowest temperature. The sintering of as‐obtained powders with CuO–V 2 O 5 sintering aids results in producing MW dielectric ceramics with a density 93%–97% of the theoretical, and a Q × f product up to 36 000 GHz at sintering temperature ( T s )≥680°C. The high level of MW dielectric properties of ceramics was ensured by intensive grain growth during the densification and the thermal processing of ceramics.
Idempotent processor architecture (2011)

Improving architectural energy efficiency is important to address diminishing energy efficiency gains from technology scaling. At the same time, limiting hardware complexity is also important. This paper presents a new processor architecture, the idempotent processor architecture, that advances both of these directions by presenting a new execution paradigm that allows speculative execution without the need for hardware checkpoints to recover from mis-speculation, instead using only re-execution to recover. Idempotent processors execute programs as a sequence of compiler-constructed idempotent (re-executable) regions. The nature of these regions allows precise state to be reproduced by re-execution, obviating the need for hardware recovery support. We build upon the insight that programs naturally decompose into a series of idempotent regions and that these regions can be large. The paradigm of executing idempotent regions, which we call idempotent processing, can be used to support various types of speculation, including branch prediction, dependence prediction, or execution in the presence of hardware faults or exceptions.
and Compensation of Ultrasonic Distortion Using a Blind System (2002)

A common random input filter model is de- scribed for estimation and correction of wavefront aberra- tion in ultrasonic b-scan imaging. In the model, aberration between the focus and the transducer elements is repre- sented by the response of a linear filter bank to a com- mon random signal. The response of each filter in the bank is found using a two-level extension of an existing sub- space method for blind system identification. The receive waveforms are compensated using an inverse filter, and the transmit waveforms are predistorted using time reversal. To test the model, experiments were conducted using a two- dimensional array system to obtain echoes from a point re- flector and from a random medium in each case through an aberrator. The aberrator is a phantom that mimics wave- front distortion produced by human abdominal wall, and the random medium is made to mimic ultrasonic charac- teristics of human liver. The results indicate the method can improve both the transmit and the receive focus and can outperform time-shift estimation and compensation as well as the method of backpropagation followed by time- shift estimation and compensation.
Fatty acid transport proteins: targeting FATP2 as a gatekeeper involved in the transport of exogenous fatty acids (2016)

The fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) are classified as members of the Solute Carrier 27 (Slc27) family of proteins based on their ability to function in the transport of exogenous fatty acids. These proteins, when localized to the plasma membrane or at intracellular membrane junctions with the endoplasmic reticulum, function as a gate in the regulated transport of fatty acids and thus represent a therapeutic target to delimit the acquisition of fatty acids that contribute to disease as in the case of fatty acid overload. To date, FATP1, FATP2, and FATP4 have been used as targets in the selection of small molecule inhibitors with the goal of treating insulin resistance and attenuating dietary absorption of fatty acids. Several studies targeting FATP1 and FATP4 were based on the intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase activity of these proteins and not on transport directly. While several classes of compounds were identified as potential inhibitors of fatty acid transport, <i>in vivo</i> studies using a mouse model failed to provide evidence these compounds were effective in blocking or attenuating fatty acid transport. Studies targeting FATP2 employed a naturally occurring splice variant, FATP2b, which lacks intrinsic acyl CoA synthetase due to the deletion of exon 3, yet is fully functional in fatty acid transport. These studies identified two compounds, 5'-bromo-5-phenyl-spiro[3H-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,3'-indoline]-2'-one), now referred to as Lipofermata, and 2-benzyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one, now called Grassofermata, that are effective fatty acid transport inhibitors both <i>in vitro</i> using a series of model cell lines and <i>in vivo</i> using a mouse model.
Measuring ultra-precision freeform surfaces using a robust form characterization method (2006)

Ultra-precision freeform surfaces are complex surfaces that possess non-rotational symmetry and are widely used in advanced optics applications. However, there is a lack of a surface characterization method that measures the form accuracy of the ultra-precision freeform surfaces with micrometre to sub-micrometre form accuracy. Due to the high precision requirement of the ultra-precision freeform surfaces, this inevitably involves the outliers in the measured data that would significantly affect the accuracy and the performance of the form characterization method. Although some research work has been found in the development of the form characterization method, most workers have not considered the influence of outliers. It is vital to incorporate robust estimation in the surface characterization method for catering for the influence of outliers. In this paper, a robust form characterization method (RFCM) is presented to characterize the form accuracy of the ultra-precision freeform surfaces. A series of computer simulation and experimental analyses were undertaken to verify the RFCM. The theoretical results agree well with the simulation and experimental results.
An Antibody Specific for the Dog Leukocyte Antigen DR (DLA-DR) and Its Novel Methotrexate Conjugate Inhibit the Growth of Canine B Cell Lymphoma (2019)

Canine B-cell lymphoma (CBL) is an incurable, spontaneous lymphoid malignancy constituting an accurate animal model for testing novel therapeutic strategies in human medicine. Resources of available species-specific therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting CBL are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of mAb B5, specific for the dog leukocyte antigen DR (DLA-DR) and its antibody-drug conjugate with methotrexate (B5-MTX). B5 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of DLA-DR-expressing canine B cell lymphoma/CLBL1 and CLB70 leukemia lines, but not the GL-1 line not expressing DLA-DR. The cytotoxicity of B5-MTX to sensitive cells was further potentiated by a payload of MTX, but without any substantial off-target effects. The infusion of B5 and B5-MTX in a murine model of disseminated, advanced canine lymphoma, mediated >80% and >90% improvement in survival, respectively, and was well tolerated by the animals. Interestingly, the concentrations of soluble DLA-DR (sDLA-DR) antigens present in the blood serum of tumor-bearing mice were found proportional to the tumor burden. On this basis, sDLA-DR levels were evaluated as a potential biomarker using samples from canine lymphoma patients. In summary, the action of B5 and B5-MTX holds promise for further development as an alternative/complementary option for the diagnosis and treatment of canine lymphoma.
A system for obstacle detection during rotorcraft low altitude flight (1996)

An airborne vehicle such as a rotorcraft must avoid obstacles like antennas, towers, poles, fences, tree branches, and wires strung across the flight path. Automatic detection of the obstacles and generation of appropriate guidance and control actions for the vehicle to avoid these obstacles would facilitate autonomous navigation. The requirements of an obstacle detection system for rotorcraft in low-altitude Nap-of-the-Earth (NOE) flight based on various rotorcraft motion constraints is analyzed here in detail. It is argued that an automated obstacle detection system for the rotorcraft scenario should include both passive and active sensors to be effective. Consequently, it introduces a maximally passive system which involves the use of passive sensors (TV, FLIR) as well as the selective use of an active (laser) sensor. The passive component is concerned with estimating range using optical flow-based motion analysis and binocular stereo. The optical flow-based motion analysis that is combined with on-board inertial navigation system (INS) to compute ranges to visible scene points is described. Experimental results obtained using land vehicle data illustrate the particular approach to motion analysis.
Selective and efficient infrared detection by plasmonically heated vanadium-dioxide nanowire (2020)

Phase-changing materials are promising due to their sharp temperature dependent characteristics and have high potential of being integrated in optical switching and sensing techniques. Among such materials, vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) is the most utilitarian because of its transition temperature being close to the room-temperature. VO2-based bolometers utilize the material’s large temperature coefficient of resistivity to detect infrared radiation. However, to achieve large sensitivity, the active radiation absorption area needs to be large enough that allows sufficient temperature buildup from incident radiation absorbed by VO<sub>2</sub>, thus requiring large pixel dimen- sion and degrading the spatial resolution of bolometric sensing. Moreover, the absorption by the VO<sub>2</sub> material is not optimized for a specific frequency band in most of the applications. On the other hand, plasmonic nanos- tructures can be tuned and designed to selectively and efficiently absorb a specific band of the incident radiation for local heating and thermal imaging. In this work, we propose to incorporate plasmonic nanostructures with VO<sub>2</sub> nanowires that amplifies the slope of impedance change due to the thermal variations to achieve a higher sensitivity. We present the numerical analysis of the mid-infrared electromagnetic radiation absorption by the proposed detector showing near-perfect absorption by the plasmonic absorbers. Besides, the thermal buildup and the nanowire resistance change is predicted for different substrate, as the substrate plays a big role in heat distribution. We show high sensitivity and ultra-low noise equivalent temperature difference (NEDT) by our novel bolometric detector. We also discuss the fabrication of the VO<sub>2</sub>.
Cost-aware replication for dataflows (2012)

In this work we are concerned with the cost associated with replicating intermediate data for dataflows in Cloud environments. This cost is attributed to the extra resources required to create and maintain the additional replicas for a given data set. Existing data-analytic platforms such as Hadoop provide for fault-tolerance guarantee by relying on aggressive replication of intermediate data. We argue that the decision to replicate along with the number of replicas should be a function of the resource usage and utility of the data in order to minimize the cost of reliability. Furthermore, the utility of the data is determined by the structure of the dataflow and the reliability of the system. We propose a replication technique, which takes into account resource usage, system reliability and the characteristic of the dataflow to decide what data to replicate and when to replicate. The replication decision is obtained by solving a constrained integer programming problem given information about the dataflow up to a decision point. In addition, we built a working prototype, CARDIO of our technique which shows through experimental evaluation using a real testbed that finds an optimal solution.
Ubiquitous Stereo Vision for Controlling Safety on Platforms in Railroad Station (2004)

Dozens of people are killed every year when they fall off of train platforms, making this an urgent issue to be addressed by the railroads, especially in the major cities. This concern prompted the present work that is now in progress to develop a Ubiquitous Stereo Vision based system for safety management at the edge of rail station platforms. In this approach, a series of stereo cameras are installed in a row on the ceiling that are pointed downward at the edge of the platform to monitor the disposition of people waiting for the train. The purpose of the system is to determine automatically and in real-time whether anyone or anything is in the danger zone at the very edge of the platform, whether anyone has actually fallen off the platform, or whether there is any sign of these things happening. The system could be configured to automatically switch over to a surveillance monitor or automatically connect to an emergency brake system in the event of trouble.
Static and dynamic test sequence compaction methods for acyclic sequential circuits using a time expansion model (2003)

Test sequences for acyclic sequential circuits can be generated using a time expansion model. The test sequences have features that: (1) the length of each test sequence for each target fault is uniform, and (2) positions of 'don't cares' (X) of each test sequence for each target fault are independent of any target fault. In this paper, focusing on the features, we present two test sequence compaction methods: static compaction and dynamic compaction. The static test sequence compaction method uses a template. The dynamic test sequence compaction method uses a reverse transformation fault simulation: a fault simulation for a time expansion model with test patterns into which test sequences are reversely transformed after the static compaction. Experimental results for some acyclic sequential circuits show that the compaction methods reduce the number of test patterns by 66% to 81%.
Fluorinated smart micelles as enzyme-responsive probes for <sup>19</sup>F-magnetic resonance (2015)

Labeling of smart PEG-dendron hybrids with fluorinated groups transformed their assemblies into enzyme-responsive micellar probes for <sup>19</sup>F-magnetic resonance (MR). Two distinct labeling approaches were used to study the ability of these smart hybrids to be turned OFF at the assembled micellar state and to turn ON their <sup>19</sup>F-MR signal upon enzymatic activation.
Interferometric SAR signal analysis in the presence of squint (2000)

This paper develops an analysis of the SAR impulse response function from the interferometric point of view, with the intention of studying its phase behavior in the presence of high squint angle values. It will be pointed out that in this case, a phase ramp is present in the range direction, which, in combination with a certain degree of misregistration between the two images induces an offset in the generated interferometric phase. This behavior, if not compensated, imposes strong limits on the performance of the interferometric techniques in a squinted case, especially for airborne SAR systems. The article proposes two new techniques, which are appropriate to correct the phase bias coming from this source. The first one is based on a modification of the azimuth compression filter, which cancels the phase ramp of the range impulse response function for one specific squint value. In case the SAR processing is performed with variable squint over range, the authors propose a second method oriented to estimating the expected misregistration and thus, the phase bias by means of an iterative approach. Simulated data as well as real corner reflector responses are used to show that the correct topography can be recovered precisely even in the presence of phase bias coming from the squinted geometry.
Development and Characterization of High Bandwidth Micro-Actuator (2008)

This paper describes an experimental study conducted at the Advanced Aero Propulsion Laboratory (AAPL) on the design and development of actuator systems capable of producing high bandwidth, high momentum microjet arrays for active flow control applications. Using a simple geometry of a cavity with arrays of micro nozzles at the bottom end along with a primary source jet, highly unsteady microjets were produced in a frequency range of 6–60 kHz. The unsteady microjets, which are supersonic, have a mean velocity in the range of 300–400 m/sec with an unsteady component between 50–100 m/sec. Such actuators show considerable promise for flow control applications, especially in the supersonic domain. Notable characteristics of this design are its simplicity and the flexibility in controlling the frequency and amplitude suitable for the application of interest. The influence of feedback loop driven shear layer instability and other possible resonant mechanisms on the micro-actuator frequency response are outlined in the present paper. The location of cavity orifice within the Region of Instability (ROI), which is found to be the pressure recovery region of first shock cell of the source jet, plays a very important role in the output frequency and amplitude of the actuator. The length of the actuator cavity is another parameter that strongly influences the frequency of the actuator output. By using high resolution Micro-Schlieren images it was found that the frequency variation with Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) is related to the shock cell properties of primary jet. As a result of this study, we have a better understanding of the geometric and flow parameters governing the unsteady properties of the actuator flow; an understanding that will be used to specifically tailor actuator design for various applications.