gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost Evaluation of Control Measures for Indoor Radon Progeny (1984)

Based on assumed conditions within a typical U.S. home, annualized costs for reducing indoor airborne radon progeny concentrations have been calculated for a variety of methods of control. These analyses were limited to methods for control in existing homes. Control through modified construction techniques was not evaluated. Methods assessed included increased air circulation, increased ventilation, particle removal using electrostatic precipitation and unipolar ion generation, and the application of sealants to room surfaces. Although surface sealants proved to be reasonably cost-effective per person- sievert dose reduction, such sealants are prone to cracking and the durability of their effectiveness is questionable. Use of ceiling fans for increased air circulation and particle deposition appears to be least cost-effective, but this method may be attractive in some cases for reasons of comfort. The use of unipolar ion generators appears to be the best approach from the standpoint of cost effectiveness. These devices are also easy to install and are esthetically readily acceptable.
Stochastic theory of minimal realization (1974)

In this paper it is shown that a natural representation of a state space is given by the predictor space, the linear space spanned by the predictors when the system is driven by a Gaussian white noise input with unit covariance matrix. A minimal realization corresponds to a selection of a basis of this predictor space. Based on this interpretation, a unifying view of hitherto proposed algorithmically defined minimal realizations is developed. A natural minimal partial realization is also obtained with the aid of this interpretation.
Cross-lingual and multi-stream posterior features for low resource LVCSR systems (2010)

We investigate approaches for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system for new languages or new domains using limited amounts of transcribed training data. In these low resource conditions, the performance of conventional LVCSR systems degrade significantly. We propose to train low resource LVCSR system with additional sources of information like annotated data from other languages (German and Spanish) and various acoustic feature streams (short-term and modulation features). We train multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) on these sources of information and use Tandem features derived from the MLPs for low resource LVCSR. In our experiments, the proposed system trained using only one hour of English conversational telephone speech (CTS) provides a relative improvement of 11% over the baseline system.
[Correlation between clinical pathologic factors and enzymatic activity of orotate Phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Thymidylate synthase (TS) in colorectal cancer]. (2006)

Orotate Phosphoribosyl Transferase (OPRT), Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Thymidylate synthase (TS) are initial key enzymes in the 5-FU metabolic pathway. In this study, we measured the activities of OPRT, DPD and TS. We also investigated the correlation between these 3 enzymatic activities and the clinical pathologic factors (Histological typing, extent of tumor invasion,extent of metastasis to the lymph nodes,stage, lymphatic invasion and venous invasion). We had surveyed 79 cases of colorectal cancers surgically removed. Poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a tendency to lower OPRT and higher DPD, as compared to moderately or well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. In case with metastasis to lymph nodes, OPRT showed a tendency to lower activities, but a significant difference was not noticed. TS showed no relation to any of these pathologic factors. In each application of 5-FU, measuring the activities of these three enzymes is important for estimation of the antitumoral effect. With poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, it is estimated that many cases would show high DPD and if the enzyme activities can not be measured, so administration of TS-1, which includes DPD inhibitor, may be considered.
Investigation of Spillover Mechanism in Palladium Decorated Hydrogen Exfoliated Functionalized Graphene (2011)

Porous activated carbon or nanostructured carbon materials have a promising future as hydrogen storage media. The hydrogen storage capacity of nanostructured carbon materials can be further enhanced by spillover of atomic hydrogen from a supported catalyst. In the present work, both of these factors have been put to test to study the hydrogen storage capacity of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles dispersed over the surface of functionalized hydrogen-exfoliated-graphene (Pd/f-HEG). The high-pressure hydrogen storage measurements of HEG and Pd/f-HEG show a hydrogen storage capacity of 0.5 and 1.76 wt % respectively at 25 °C and 2 MPa pressure. Functionalization of graphene facilitates uniform dispersion of Pd nanoparticles, which result in an increased hydrogen storage capacity of graphene by 69%. Heats of adsorption have been calculated for HEG and Pd/f-HEG that are consistent with the theoretical calculations from literature and provide an experimental evidence for the spillover effect.
Visible light crosslinking of methacrylated hyaluronan hydrogels for injectable tissue repair (2015)

Tissue engineering hydrogels are primarily cured in situ using ultraviolet (UV) radiation which limits the use of hydrogels as drug or cell carriers. Visible green light activated crosslinking systems are presented as a safe alternative to UV photocrosslinked hydrogels, without compromising material properties such as viscosity and stiffness. The objective of this study was to fabricate and characterize photocrosslinked hydrogels with well-regulated gelation kinetics and mechanical properties for the repair or replacement of soft tissue. An anhydrous methacrylation of hyaluronan (HA) was performed to control the degree of modification (DOM) of HA, verified by (1) H-NMR spectroscopy. UV-activated crosslinking was compared to visible green light activated crosslinking. While the different photocrosslinking techniques resulted in varied crosslinking times, comparable mechanical properties of UV and green light activated crosslinked hydrogels were achieved using each photocrosslinking method by adjusting time of light exposure. Methacrylated HA (HA-MA) hydrogels of varying molecular weight, DOM, and concentration exhibited compressive moduli ranging from 1 kPa to 116 kPa, for UV crosslinking, and 3 kPa to 146 kPa, for green light crosslinking. HA-MA molecular weight and concentration were found to significantly influence moduli values. HA-MA hydrogels did not exhibit any significant cytotoxic effects toward human mesenchymal stem cells. Green light activated crosslinking systems are presented as a viable method to form natural-based hydrogels in situ. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1229-1236, 2016.
Broadband and Highly Accurate X-Band Vector-Sum Phase Shifter Using LC-Type Power Splitter (2018)

In recent years, for the realization of the low-cost and multi-band AP AA (Active Phased Array Antenna) system, broadband and highly accurate vector-sum phase shifter has attracted the attention. To realize such a vector-sum phase shifter, one of the difficulty arises from the trade-off between a bandwidth and an insertion loss of the PPF (Poly Phase Filter) which is deployed at the first stage inside the phase shifter and generates quadrature signals from a differential signal. In order to ease the trade-off of PPF, we propose the PPF using inductor and capacitor (LC-type) power splitter implemented in front of it. Simulation results with the proposed technique show the improvement of 2.7dB in the insertion loss, without degradation of the bandwidth. As a proof of concept, vector-sum phase shifter with the proposed PPF technique was fabricated using 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS process. Measurement results showed the 3dB gain bandwidth of 64% at X-band and the RMS phase error of less than 2.1°. This broadband and highly accurate results show that the proposed PPF technique is effective to realize multi-band AP AA system in the near future.
EFFECT OF THE IMPase INHIBITOR L690,330 ON SEA URCHIN DEVELOPMENT (1998)

A variety of concentrations of the IMPase inhibitor L690,330 were added to sea urchin embryos. Immediate arrest of development was obtained for concentrations from 7.5 mm on. Concentrations lower than 3.5 mm permitted gastrulation but inhibited skeletogenesis and disturbed elongation along the animal-vegetal axis. The latter results are similar to those obtained by counteracting lithium effect with myoinositol, which are suggested to be due to partial relief of IMPase inhibition.
Ghost Thread (2021)

Cache-based side channel attacks pose a serious threat to computer security. Numerous cache attacks have been demonstrated, highlighting the need for effective and efficient defense mechanisms to shield systems from this threat. In this paper, we propose a novel application-level protection mechanism, called Ghost Thread. Ghost Thread is a flexible library that allows a user to protect cache accesses to a requested sensitive region to mitigate cache-based side channel attacks. This is accomplished by injecting random cache accesses to the sensitive cache region by separate threads. Compared with prior work that injects noise in a modified OS and hardware, our novel approach is applicable to commodity OS and hardware. Compared with other user-space mitigation mechanisms, our novel approach does not require any special hardware support, and it only requires slight code changes in the protected application making it readily deployable. Evaluation results on an Apache server show that Ghost Thread provides both strong protection and negligible overhead on real-world applications where only a fragment requires protection. In the worst-case scenario where the entire application requires protection, Ghost Thread still incurs negligible overhead when a system is under utilized, and moderate overhead when a system is fully utilized.
Mouse IL-1 receptor antagonist isoforms: complementary DNA cloning and protein expression of intracellular isoform and tissue distribution of secreted and intracellular IL-1 receptor antagonist in vivo (1997)

IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of IL-1 to IL-1R. IL-1Ra refers to two different proteins derived from the same gene by alternate splicing of two different first exons. One protein contains a leader sequence and is secreted (sIL-1Ra), whereas the other remains intracellular (icIL-1Ra). We describe the cloning of mouse icIL-1Ra cDNA, the expression of the recombinant mouse icIL-1Ra protein, and the tissue distribution of sIL-1Ra and icIL-1Ra mRNA and of icIL-1Ra protein in control and LPS-injected mice. As described in the human and the rabbit, mouse icIL-1Ra protein differs from mature mouse sIL-1Ra protein by seven amino acids at the amino terminus. In addition, human and mouse icIL-1Ra are 77% identical. Regulation of IL-1Ra isoforms was examined in normal mice and after LPS injection. Circulating levels were undetectable in control mice, but were strongly increased 4 h after LPS injection. Using a ribonuclease protection assay (RPA), we found that icIL-1Ra mRNA was expressed constitutively in skin and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Consistent with the RNA studies, Western blot analysis showed that murine icIL-1Ra protein was constitutively expressed in skin and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In contrast, sIL-1Ra mRNA was not detected by RPA in tissues of control mice, but was strongly up-regulated in the lung, spleen, and liver after LPS injection. Using RPA, primer extension assay and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we were able to demonstrate the presence of different transcription start sites for murine sIL-1Ra mRNA.
Culture of human T cells in stirred bioreactors for cellular immunotherapy applications: Shear, proliferation, and the IL-2 receptor (2000)

Ex vivo expansion of T cells is a key step of many cellular immunotherapy protocols, which require large numbers of immune cells to eradicate malignant or virally infected cells. The use of stirred culture systems for T cell expansion offers many potential advantages over the static culture systems commonly used today, including homogeneity of culture conditions, ease of sampling, and implementation of control systems. Primary human T cells as well as the transformed TALL103/2 T cell line were cultured in 100-mL spinner flasks as well as 2-L bioreactors to investigate the effects of shear forces produced by agitation and sparging-based aeration on the expansion of T cells. Primary T cells could be successfully grown at agitation rates of up to 120 rpm in the spinner flasks and to 180 rpm in the bioreactors with no immediate detrimental effects on proliferation. Exposure to agitation and sparging did, however, cause a significantly increased rate of downregulation of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), resulting in lower overall expansion potential from a single stimulation as compared to static controls, with faster IL-2R downregulation occurring at higher agitation rates. For the primary T cells, no significant effects of agitation were found on expression levels of other key surface receptors (CD3, CD28, or CD62L) examined. No significant effects of agitation were observed on primary T cell metabolism or levels of cellular apoptosis in the cultures. The TALL103/2 T cell line was found to be extremely sensitive to agitation, showing severely reduced growth at speeds above 30 rpm in 100-mL spinner flasks. This unexpected increased fragility in the transformed T cell line as compared to primary T cells points out the importance of carefully selecting a model cell line which will accurately represent the characteristics of the cell system of interest.
Graph Analysis for Detecting Fraud, Waste, and Abuse in Health‐Care Data (2016)

Detection of fraud, waste, and abuse (FWA) is an important yet challenging problem. In this article, we describe a system to detect suspicious activities in large health‐care data sets. Each healthcare data set is viewed as a heterogeneous network consisting of millions of patients, hundreds of thousands of doctors, tens of thousands of pharmacies, and other entities. Graph‐analysis techniques are developed to find suspicious individuals, suspicious relationships between individuals, unusual changes over time, unusual geospatial dispersion, and anomalous network structure. The visualization interface, known as the network explorer, provides a good overview of data and enables users to filter, select, and zoom into network details on demand. The system has been deployed on multiple sites and data sets, both government and commercial, and identified many overpayments with a potential value of several million dollars per month.
Discovering Motifs in Biological Sequences Using the Micron Automata Processor (2015)

Finding approximately conserved sequences, called motifs, across multiple DNA or protein sequences is an important problem in computational biology. In this paper, we consider the (l, d) motif search problem of identifying one or more motifs of length l present in at least q of the n given sequences, with each occurrence differing from the motif in at most d substitutions. The problem is known to be NP-complete, and the largest solved instance reported to date is (26,11). We propose a novel algorithm for the (l,d) motif search problem using streaming execution over a large set of non-deterministic finite automata (NFA). This solution is designed to take advantage of the micron automata processor, a new technology close to deployment that can simultaneously execute multiple NFA in parallel. We demonstrate the capability for solving much larger instances of the (l, d) motif search problem using the resources available within a single automata processor board, by estimating run-times for problem instances (39,18) and (40,17). The paper serves as a useful guide to solving problems using this new accelerator technology.
Selective targeting and photodynamic destruction of intimal hyperplasia by scavenger-receptor mediated protein-chlorin e6 conjugates. (1998)

Mal-BSA/Cle6 is taken up efficiently by a scavenger pathway, localizes in areas of intimal hyperplasia, and functions as a photosensitizer for PDT.
Chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion monitoring for RZ-DPSK signals based on asynchronous amplitude-histogram evaluation (2006)

The authors demonstrate in-service channel monitoring of a chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) for a return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) signals based on the asynchronous amplitude-histogram evaluation (AAHE) technique. The waveform evolution of the RZ-DPSK signal under the effects of the CD and PMD is investigated analytically and numerically. The CD leads to a power level splitting at the valley of the waveform before demodulation. The intensities of these two levels further increase due to the PMD. By tracking the intensities of these levels using the AAHE method, the CD and PMD can be measured. The principle of a simultaneous monitoring of the CD and PMD is demonstrated experimentally for 10-Gb/s RZ-DPSK signals. The effects of the signal's optical signal-to-noise ratio and the number of the sampling points on the accuracy of the monitoring results are also presented.
Electrochemical Analyses of Etchants Used to Detect Sensitization in Marine-Grade 5XXX Aluminum-Magnesium Alloys (2012)

The 5XXX series aluminum-magnesium alloys (AA5XXX) are susceptible to intergranular corrosion (IGC) in marine environments due to the preferential precipitation and dissolution of the -phase (Al 3 Mg 2 ) at grain boundaries. Detecting sensitization, or the presence and extent of grain boundary precipitation, contributes to the determination of IGC susceptibility and the prediction of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) propagation in IGC-susceptible materials. Etchants such as concentrated nitric acid, 40 vol% phosphoric acid, and acidified ammonium persulfate are used to detect sensitization in AA5XXX via selective attack of the phase. The objective of this work was to characterize the selectivity of these etchants by assessing the corrosion behaviors of the bulk alloy (AA5083) and pure -phase during etchant exposure. Methods used to analyze corrosion behavior included open circuit potential (OCP) etching, 24-hour mass loss tests according to ASTM G67, and anodic polarization scans.
An investigation of how fungal infection influences drug penetration through onychomycosis patient’s nail plates (2016)

The treatment of onychomycosis remains problematic even though there are several potent antifungal agents available for patient use. The aim of this investigation was to understand whether the structural modifications that arise when a patient's nail become infected plates influences the permeation of drugs into the nail following topical application. It was hoped that through improving understanding of the nail barrier in the diseased state, the development of more effective topical treatments for onychomycosis could be facilitated. The permeation of three compounds with differing hydrophobicities, caffeine, terbinafine and amorolfine (clogD at pH 7.4 of -0.55, 3.72 and 4.49 respectively), was assessed across both healthy and onychomycosis infected, full thickness, human nail plate sections. Transonychial water loss (TOWL) measurements performed on the healthy and diseased nails supported previous observations that the nail behaves like a porous barrier given the lack of correlation between TOWL values with the thicker, diseased nails. The flux of the more hydrophilic caffeine was twofold greater across diseased in comparison with the healthy nails, whilst the hydrophobic molecules terbinafine and amorolfine showed no statistically significant change in their nail penetration rates. Caffeine flux across the nail was found to correlate with the TOWL measurements, though no correlation existed for the more hydrophobic drugs. These data supported the notion that the nail pores, opened up by the infection, facilitated the passage of hydrophilic molecules, whilst the keratin binding of hydrophobic molecules meant that their transport through the nail plate was unchanged. Therefore, in order to exploit the structural changes induced by nail fungal infection it would be beneficial to develop a small molecular weight, hydrophilic antifungal agent, which exhibits low levels of keratin binding.
Novel Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Free Radical Scavenging (2007)

CeO(2) nanoparticles synthesized from this route are demonstrated to be effective free radical scavengers within betaTC-tet cells. Furthermore, it is shown that CeO(2) nanoparticles provide an effective means to improve cellular survival in settings wherein cell loss due to oxidative stress limits native function.
The Development of Jelly Roll Deformation in 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries at Low State of Charge (2020)

In this paper, the origin of the jelly roll deformation in 18650 lithium-ion batteries is examined in more detail by combining volume expansion measurements, accelerated lifetime testing, and CT imaging. Based on the presented research, a theory is developed to determine the cause of the jelly roll deformation at low states of charge (0%–20% SOC). The diameter of the cell is increasing during ageing, which reflects the increase of the internal pressure. Continuously growing cover layers of chemical degradation explain the latter. It is concluded that for releasing internal pressure, the jelly roll starts to deform. This deformation accelerates the ageing processes by electrically isolating active material from the current collector and the formation of fresh SEI. In addition, the CT images are used to determine the time of the deformation. Conclusively, it is shown that the jelly roll deformation is driven by cyclic ageing. Due to the correlation of the mean diameter change and the capacity curve, the deformation of the jelly roll and thus the sudden cell death can be predicted by measuring the mean diameter change of the battery.
THE DECOLORIZATION OF LONG CHAIN DIBASIC ACID BROTH BY USING ADSORPTION RESIN (2003)

The decolorization of long chain dibasic acid broth by using adsorption resin is better than by using activated carbon, reaching a high capacity of above 9 BV, at the flow velocity of 1BV/hr and temperature of 30℃. 1mol/L NaOH (containing 10% ethanol) was selected as the eluent. After 10-cycle uses, the capacity of the resin was decreased slightly and stable at 9.2 BV.
Modeling and Optimization of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles System Architecture Alternatives (2014)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems have already been used in civilian activities, although very limitedly. Confronted different types of tasks, multi UAVs usually need to be coordinated. This can be extracted as a multi UAVs system architecture problem. Based on the general system architecture problem, a specific description of the multi UAVs system architecture problem is presented. Then the corresponding optimization problem and an efficient genetic algorithm with a refined crossover operator (GA-RX) is proposed to accomplish the architecting process iteratively in the rest of this paper. The availability and effectiveness of overall method is validated using 2 simulations based on 2 different scenarios.
Medicaid and indigent care, providers issue brief: border/migrant health. (2000)

To craft health care policy that betters the health conditions of millions of border residents and migrant laborers, both state and federal policymakers must understand the barriers that this population faces when trying to obtain health care services.