gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbidopa abrogates <scp>L</scp>‐dopa decarboxylase coactivation of the androgen receptor and delays prostate tumor progression (2011)

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer progression to the castration-resistant (CR) lethal state. L-Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) is an AR coactivator that increases in expression with disease progression and is coexpressed with the receptor in prostate adenocarcinoma cells, where it may enhance AR activity. Here, we hypothesize that the DDC enzymatic inhibitor, carbidopa, can suppress DDC-coactivation of AR and retard prostate tumor growth. Treating LNCaP prostate cancer cells with carbidopa in transcriptional assays suppressed the enhanced AR transactivation seen with DDC overexpression and decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA levels. Carbidopa dose-dependently inhibited cell growth and decreased survival in LNCaP cell proliferation and apoptosis assays. The inhibitory effect of carbidopa on DDC-coactivation of AR and cell growth/survival was also observed in PC3 prostate cancer cells (stably expressing AR). In vivo studies demonstrated that serum PSA velocity and tumor growth rates elevated ∼2-fold in LNCaP xenografts, inducibly overexpressing DDC, were reverted to control levels with carbidopa administration. In castrated mice, treating LNCaP tumors, expressing endogenous DDC, with carbidopa delayed progression to the CR state from 6 to 10 weeks, while serum PSA and tumor growth decreased 4.3-fold and 5.4-fold, respectively. Our study is a first time demonstration that carbidopa can abrogate DDC-coactivation of AR in prostate cancer cells and tumors, decrease serum PSA, reduce tumor growth and delay CR progression. Since carbidopa is clinically approved, it may be readily used as a novel therapeutic strategy to suppress aberrant AR activity and delay prostate cancer progression.
A method for preamplifier‐decoupling improvement in quadrature phased‐array coils (2004)

One-dimensional quadrature phased arrays can be built even if the preamplifier is not integrated in the coil. If the combiner is placed between the coil and the preamplifiers, the butterflies should be on the high impedance side of the quadrature combiner. The loops should see the low input impedance of the preamplifiers.
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein regulates epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis via PDZ domain‐based interactions with plasma membranes (2007)

The tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein is localized at the plus ends of microtubules (MTs) at the migrating edges of cells. Here, we established Xenopus A6 epithelial cell transfectants expressing GFP-fused full-length APC (GFP-fAPC) or truncated APC lacking the COOH-terminal PDZ-binding motif TSV (GFP-APC(DeltaTSV)). Although both APC proteins were similarly accumulated at the MT ends, GFP-fAPC, but not GFP-APC(DeltaTSV), was associated with the basal and lateral plasma membranes and co-localized with a PDZ protein, DLG1. Stable over-expression of GFP-fAPC enforced cell-substrate attachment and thereby enhanced cell spreading on the substratum and induced polarized extension of lamellipodia and MTs during scratch-induced migration. Truncation of the PDZ-binding motif was sufficient to abolish these effects of GFP-fAPC. Furthermore, expression of GFP-APC(DeltaTSV) disturbed the establishment of a continuous epithelial monolayer. These results suggest that APC links MTs to plasma membranes through interactions with PDZ proteins, such that the migration and morphogenesis of epithelial cells can be properly regulated.
Blood Detoxification by Membrane Plasma Filtration (1986)

The recognition of macromolecule abnormalities in various metabolic or immunologic related disease states has led to the use of plasma exchange for therapeutics. Limitations of plasma exchange, however, exist. Membrane plasma filtration provides a practical alternative. Solute removal can be made selective by the choice of operating conditions as temperature and the selection of the membrane/module design. The optimal temperature range is a function of the plasma type, solute concentrations and membrane system. Operation at below physiologic temperature (cryofiltration) is particularly suited for the removal of cold aggregative solutes, while operation at near or above physiologic temperature is more suited for the separation of solutes having large size differences at normal physiologic temperature. Membrane filtration is simple and safe to perform, is more selective than plasma exchange, does not require plasma product infusion and is more versatile than selective sorption in its applications.
The genome sequence of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>infantis</i> reveals adaptations for milk utilization within the infant microbiome (2008)

Following birth, the breast-fed infant gastrointestinal tract is rapidly colonized by a microbial consortium often dominated by bifidobacteria. Accordingly, the complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC15697 reflects a competitive nutrient-utilization strategy targeting milk-borne molecules which lack a nutritive value to the neonate. Several chromosomal loci reflect potential adaptation to the infant host including a 43 kbp cluster encoding catabolic genes, extracellular solute binding proteins and permeases predicted to be active on milk oligosaccharides. An examination of in vivo metabolism has detected the hallmarks of milk oligosaccharide utilization via the central fermentative pathway using metabolomic and proteomic approaches. Finally, conservation of gene clusters in multiple isolates corroborates the genomic mechanism underlying milk utilization for this infant-associated phylotype.
Constructive multi-phase test point insertion for scan-based BIST (2002)

This paper presents a novel test point insertion technique which, unlike the previous ones, is based on a constructive methodology. A divide and conquer approach is used to partition the entire test into multiple phases. In each phase a group of test points targeting a specific set of faults is selected. Control points within a particular phase are enabled by fixed values, resulting in a simple and natural sharing of the logic driving them. Experimental results demonstrate that complete or near-complete stuck-at fault coverage can be achieved by the proposed technique with the insertion of a few test points and a minimum number of phases.
Signalling Unnumbered Links in Resource ReSerVation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) (2003)

Current signalling used by Multi-Protocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (MPLS TE) does not provide support for unnumbered links. This document defines procedures and extensions to Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) for Label Switched Path (LSP) Tunnels (RSVP-TE), one of the MPLS TE signalling protocols, that are needed in order to support unnumbered links.
<i>Hd1</i>, a Major Photoperiod Sensitivity Quantitative Trait Locus in Rice, Is Closely Related to the Arabidopsis Flowering Time Gene <i>CONSTANS</i> (2000)

A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling response to photoperiod, Hd1, was identified by means of a map-based cloning strategy. High-resolution mapping using 1505 segregants enabled us to define a genomic region of approximately 12 kb as a candidate for Hd1. Further analysis revealed that the Hd1 QTL corresponds to a gene that is a homolog of CONSTANS in Arabidopsis. Sequencing analysis revealed a 43-bp deletion in the first exon of the photoperiod sensitivity 1 (se1) mutant HS66 and a 433-bp insertion in the intron in mutant HS110. Se1 is allelic to the Hd1 QTL, as determined by analysis of two se1 mutants, HS66 and HS110. Genetic complementation analysis proved the function of the candidate gene. The amount of Hd1 mRNA was not greatly affected by a change in length of the photoperiod. We suggest that Hd1 functions in the promotion of heading under short-day conditions and in inhibition under long-day conditions.
Optical anisotropy and light outcoupling in OLEDs (2014)

Organic Light Emitting Diodes consist of a stack of thin layers that have a high refractive index and may have anisotropic optical properties. The emission from such a planar structure depends on the layering of the OLED, the anisotropy of the different materials and the orientation of the dipole emitters in the organic layer. OLEDs are used in lighting and display devices and the requirements for both applications are very different.
Identification of Specific Inhibitors of Human RAD51 Recombinase Using High-Throughput Screening (2011)

RAD51 is a key protein of homologous recombination that plays a critical role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and interstrand cross-links (ICL). To better understand the cellular function(s) of human RAD51, we propose to develop specific RAD51 inhibitors. RAD51 inhibitors may also help to increase the potency of anticancer drugs that act by inducing DSBs or ICLs, e.g., cisplatin or ionizing radiation. In vitro, RAD51 promotes DNA strand exchange between homologous ss- and dsDNA. Here, we developed a DNA strand exchange assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer and used this assay to identify RAD51 inhibitors by high-throughput screening of the NIH Small Molecule Repository (>200,000 compounds). Seventeen RAD51 inhibitors were identified and analyzed for selectivity using additional nonfluorescent DNA-based assays. As a result, we identified a compound (B02) that specifically inhibited human RAD51 (IC(50) = 27.4 μM) but not its E. coli homologue RecA (IC(50) > 250 μM). Two other compounds (A03 and A10) were identified that inhibited both RAD51 and RecA but not the structurally unrelated RAD54 protein. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis allowed us to identify the structural components of B02 that are critical for RAD51 inhibition. The described approach can be used for identification of specific inhibitors of other human proteins that play an important role in DNA repair, e.g., RAD54 or Bloom's syndrome helicase.
Carbohydrate ingestion augments<scp>l</scp>-carnitine retention in humans (2006)

Maintaining hyperinsulinemia (approximately 150 mU/l) during steady-state hypercarnitinemia (approximately 550 micromol/l) increases skeletal muscle total carnitine (TC) content by approximately 15% within 5 h. The present study aimed to investigate whether an increase in whole body carnitine retention can be achieved through L-carnitine feeding in conjunction with a dietary-induced elevation in circulating insulin. On two randomized visits (study A), eight men ingested 3 g/day L-carnitine followed by 4 x 500-ml solutions, each containing flavored water (Con) or 94 g simple sugars (glucose syrup; CHO). In addition, 14 men ingested 3 g/day L-carnitine followed by 2 x 500 ml of either Con or CHO for 2 wk (study B). Carbohydrate ingestion in study A resulted in a fourfold greater serum insulin area under the curve when compared with Con (P < 0.001) and in a lower plasma TC concentration throughout the CHO visit (P < 0.05). Twenty-four-hour urinary TC excretion in the CHO visit was lower than in the Con visit in study A (155.0 +/- 10.7 vs. 212.1 +/- 17.2 mg; P < 0.05). In study B, daily urinary TC excretion increased after 3 days (65.9 +/- 18.0 to 281.0 +/- 35.0 mg; P < 0.001) and remained elevated throughout the Con trial. During the CHO trial, daily urinary TC excretion increased from a similar basal value of 53.8 +/- 9.2 to 166.8 +/- 17.3 mg after 3 days (P < 0.01), which was less than during the Con trial (P < 0.01), and it remained lower over the course of the study (P < 0.001). The difference in plasma TC concentration in study A and 24-h urinary TC excretion in both studies suggests that insulin augmented the retention of carnitine in the CHO trials.
Purification of a Mammalian Homologue of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Endonuclease III:  Identification of a Bovine Pyrimidine Hydrate-Thymine Glycol DNA-Glycosylase/AP Lyase by Irreversible Cross Linking to a Thymine Glycol-Containing Oligodeoxynucleotide (1996)

We purified a homologue of the Escherichia coli DNA repair enzyme endo nuclease III 5000-fold from calf thymus which, like endonuclease III, demonstrates DNA-glycosylase activity against pyrimidine hydrates and thymine glycol and AP lyase activity (DNA strand cleavage at AP sites via beta-elimination). The functional similarity between the enzymes suggested a strategy for definitive identification of the bovine protein based on the nature of its enzyme-substrate (ES) intermediate. Prokaryotic DNA glycosylase/AP lyases function through N-acylimine (Schiff's base) ES intermediates which, upon chemical reduction to stable secondary amines, irreversibly cross link the enzyme to oligodeoxynucleotides containing substrate modified bases. We incubated endonuclease III with a 32P- labeled thymine glycol-containing oligodeoxynucleotide in the presence of NaCNBH3. This resulted in an increase in the apparent molecular weight of the enzyme by SDS-PAGE. Phosphorimaging confirmed irreversible cross linking between enzyme and DNA. Identical treatment of the most purified bovine enzyme fraction resulted in irreversible cross linking of the oligodeoxynucleotide to a predominant 31 kDa species. Amino acid analysis of the 31 kDa species revealed homology to the predicted amino acid sequence of a Caenorhabditis elegans 27.8 kDa protein which, in turn, has homology to endonuclease III. The translated amino acid sequences of two partial 3' cDNAs, from Homo sapiens and Rattus sp., also demonstrate homology to the C. elegans and bovine sequences suggesting a homologous family of endonuclease III-like DNA repair enzymes is present throughout phylogeny.
Laser tissue welding: laser spot size and beam profile studies (1999)

Evaluates the effect of laser spot diameter and beam profile on the shape of the thermal denaturation zone produced during laser tissue welding, 2-cm-long full thickness incisions were made on the epilated backs of guinea pigs in vivo. India ink was used as an absorber and clamps were used to appose the incision edges. Welding was performed using continuous-wave 1.06-/spl mu/m, Nd:YAG laser radiation scanned over the incisions to produce /spl sim/100-ms pulses. Laser spot diameters of 1, 2, 4, and 6 mm were studied, with powers of 1, 4, 16, and 36 W, respectively. The irradiance remained constant at 127 W/cm/sup 2/. Monte Carlo simulations were also conducted to examine the effect of laser spot size and beam profile on the distribution of photons absorbed in the tissue. The laser spot diameter was varied from 1 to 6 mm, Gaussian, flat-top, dual Gaussian, and dual flat-top beam profiles were studied. The experimental results showed that 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6 mm-diameter spots produced thermal denaturation to an average depth of 570, 970, 1470, and 1900 /spl mu/m, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that the most uniform distribution of photon absorption is achieved using large diameter dual flat-top beams.
Efficient Rectification of Distorted Fingerprints (2017)

Recently, distortion rectification based on a single fingerprint image has been shown to be able to significantly improve the recognition rate of distorted fingerprints. However, the computational complexity of such a method is too high to be useful in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel method for the rectification of distorted fingerprints, whose speed is over 30 times faster than the existing method. This significant speedup is due to a Hough-forest-based two-step fingerprint pose estimation algorithm and a support vector regressor-based fingerprint distortion field estimation algorithm. Experimental results on public domain databases show that our method can achieve as good rectification performance as the existing method but meanwhile is significantly faster.
<i>trans</i>-1-[(2-Phenylcyclopropyl)methyl]-4-arylpiperazines:  Mixed Dopamine D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>4</sub> Receptor Antagonists as Potential Antipsychotic Agents (2000)

The dopaminergic receptor profile of a series of trans-1-[(2-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl]-4-arylpiperazines was examined. Aromatic substitution patterns were varied with the goal of identifying a compound having affinities for the D(2) and D(4) receptors in a ratio similar to that observed for the atypical neuroleptic clozapine. The compounds (1S, 2S)-trans-1-[(2-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl]-4-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)piperazine (5m) and (1S, 2S)-trans-1-[(2-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl]-4-(2, 4-dimethylphenyl)piperazine (5t) were selected for functional antagonists at D(2) and D(4) receptors and had a D(2)/D(4) ratio approximating that of clozapine; they proved inactive in behavioral tests of antipsychotic activity.
109 Highly Accurate Autonomous Flight Control of Small Unmanned Helicopter by using Optimal Control Theory (2003)

This paper presents a development of an autonomous small unmanned helicopter for hobby-class which weigh about 9 kg focusing velocity models and controller design. The simple SISO transfer function models are derived from brief kinematical analysis for each horizontal helicopter dynamics. The independent two controllers are respectively designed based on the derived models by using LQI optimal control theories. The models and control structure are verified by showing successful experimental result. Accurate position control, namely, the hovering control and trajectory following control is achieved by simple control algorism using designed velocity control structure. Robustness of the controller against wind is tested an experiment done on windy day. To verify the robustness against perturbation of physical parameters of helicopter, designed controller is applied to bigger size helicopter. To achieve accurate trajectory following control, optimal preview controller is designed. Finally circular trajectory is drawn by the designed preview controller.
Effect of Well Deviation on Slurry Friction Pressures (2003)

Abstract Increase in friction pressure with the onset of proppant stages in a hydraulic fracturing treatment is a known phenomenon. With the introduction of proppant, the hydrostatic pressure due to the column of proppant-laden slurry increases and causes a reduction in surface pressure. However, it has been consistently observed that the apparent decrease of the surface pressure is less than the value calculated on the basis of increase in hydrostatic pressure alone, indicating that the excess is due to the additional friction imparted by the solids in the slurry. When hydraulic fracturing treatments are carried out in deviated wells, the contribution of hydrostatic pressure to overall reduction of surface pressure may not be very significant, depending on the well deviation. The effect of well deviation on slurry friction is rarely reported in literature. As a result, a few correlations are available to predict slurry friction losses in deviated wells. To study the effect of inclination on proppant-laden slurry, bottom hole pressure (BHP) data are needed. Therefore, in the present study over 400 hydraulic fracturing treatments were selected, and around 100 of those with BHP data were analyzed. Results from the analyses indicated that the friction pressure observed in the slurry stages of deviated wells were significantly higher than those in vertical wells. Based on the observations, a new correlation is developed to incorporate the contribution of well deviation on slurry friction. Variables in the correlation include: proppant concentration, flow rate, tubular diameter and angle of deviation. The developed correlation was then used to predict proppant friction in other wells, which were not considered in the study. The correlation predictions were also compared with other correlations currently used in the industry. The comparison shows a better prediction from the developed correlation. The correlation is easy to use and is being incorporated into the fracturing treatment simulator for field usage.
Application of the nucleophilic substitution reaction to the synthesis of No‐carrier‐added [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorobenzene and other <sup>18</sup>F‐labeled aryl fluorides (1984)

Abstract No‐carrier‐added (NCA) [ 18 F]fluorobenzene was prepared in a multistep synthesis with a radiochemical yield of 20‐30%. A series of NCA and CA 18 F‐labeled aryl fluorides which are important precursors of 18 F‐labeled butyrophenone neuroleptics have also been synthesized in radiochemical yields of 30–50%. The direct synthesis of [ 18 F]spiroperidol and [ 18 F]benperidol from the parent compounds and/or nitro and/or chloro compound using the nucleophilic substitution reactions were also investigated.
An advanced silver/tin oxide contact material (1994)

A new silver/tin oxide contact material is presented which is based on the utilization of tin oxide powders produced with the aid of the so-called "spray roasting" or "reaction spray" process, The contact properties of this new material were tested in a model switch as well as in commercially available contactors of different sizes and designs. The investigations carried out comprise tests of service life for different utilization categories, thermal behavior under continuous current, and welding on make. It was found, that by varying additives and production parameters in the "reaction spray" process for the tin oxide powders contact materials can be produced, which are superior in performance to conventionally manufactured p.m. type silver/tin oxide materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigating Early Events in Sjogren’s Disease (135.8) (2010)

Abstract Little is known about the early events in Sjogren’s disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that interleukin 14 alpha transgenic mice (IL14aTG) replicate the clinical and immunological features of Sjogren’s disease (Clin. Immunol. 130:304, 2009). Salivary gland function is lost before lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands. The current studies were designed to investigate the early events involved with salivary gland injury. Western blot studies demonstrated lymphotoxin (LTA) in the salivary gland secretions of IL14aTG mice, while salivary gland function was being lost. IL14aTG mice lacking LTA maintained normal salivary gland structure and function, although autoantibodies were deposited in the salivary glands. Because IL-14aTG mice produce high levels of interferon-a (INF-a) and INF-a can induce production of LTA, we investigated IL14aTG mice lacking the α/β interferon receptor. These mice retained normal salivary gland function, although mild lymphocytic infiltration was noted in the lachrymal glands. Because IL14aTG mice have increased numbers of B1 cells, we produced IL14aTG mice lacking btk. Interestingly, these mice maintained normal salivary gland function despite lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands. Thus cytokine injury involving LTA and IFN-a are necessary for the development of salivary gland injury in Sjogren’s disease. The roles of particular autoantibodies and lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands need to be elucidated.
Potential of fungal-feeding nematodes for the control of soilborne plant pathogens. (2005)

This chapter describes the mass production (i.e. on solid and semi-solid substrates), formulations (dry formulations in used solid medium or filter papers, or with inert materials) of fungal-feeding nematodes; efficacy of fungal-feeding nematodes for the control of fungal diseases in sterilized and non-sterilized soils; inhibition of plant parasitic nematode root penetration by fungal-feeding nematodes; and control of soilborne fungal pathogens and insect pests by fungal-feeding nematodes applied with entomopathogenic nematodes and other microbial control agents. Studies on Aphelenchus avenae are covered.