gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Application of the Novel Linear Magnetic Actuator to Controllable Squeeze Film Damper (2008)

An enhancement of the dynamic behavior of the rotating shaft work at high operating speed by using Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) has been becoming an important part in changing the dynamic characteristics of machinery. In this paper, a new type Controllable Squeeze Film Damper (CSFD) is proposed, designed and fabricated by changing the clearance of the thin-film fluid. Both of the critical speed and critical amplitude are reduced with the suitable damping coefficient. A novel Linear Magnetic Actuator (LMA) is investigated and used to move the outer damper of the CSFD. The experiment results illustrate basically the concept of electromagnetic effect as well as the interaction force between electromagnet and permanent magnet. Furthermore, the PID and advanced (a self-tuning fuzzy PID) controllers are subsequently applied to controlling exactly the position of a novel LMA. The experimental results reveal that the vibration behavior of rotor dynamic response is affected effectively by changes of the clearance.
Environment‐Dependent Generation of Photoacoustic Waves from Plasmonic Nanoparticles (2011)

Nanoparticle-augmented photoacoustics is an emerging technique for molecular imaging. This study investigates the fundamental process of the photoacoustic signal generation by plasmonic nanoparticles suspended in a weakly absorbing fluid. The photoacoustic signal of gold nanospheres with varying silica shell thicknesses is shown to be dominated by the heat transfer between the nanoparticles and the surrounding environment. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
In vitro and in vivo protection of acetylcholinesterase against organophosphate poisoning by pretreatment with a novel derivative of 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane 2-oxide (1983)

Covalent molecular combinations of a cyclic phosphate (dioxaphosphorinane) and a potential leaving group, such as 3-(trimethylammonio)phenol iodide (TMPH), suggested the synthesis of O-[3-(trimethylammonio)phenyl]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane 2-oxide iodide (TDPI). TDPI inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (ki = 8.4 x 10(3) M-1 min-1) via the formation of an unstable covalent intermediate. TDPI-inhibited AChE hydrolyzed spontaneously with t1/2 approximately equal to 10 min. Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) was also inhibited by TDPI (ki = 1.8 x 10(4) M-1 min-1), but the inhibited BuChE was more stable (greater than 10 times) than the corresponding AchE-TDPI conjugate. Pretreatment of mice with TDPI conferred protection against 22 LD50's of paraoxon and 5 LD50's of soman, provided that treatment with anticholinergics and an oxime followed administration of these anticholinesterase poisons. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo observations suggests that the main protection of AChE conferred by TDPI results from temporary masking of the active site of the enzyme. The acute toxicity of TDPI was found to be 444 mg/kg (sc, mice), whereas analogous carbamates and a noncyclic phosphate also displaying antidotal properties are greater than 170 times more toxic.
High-efficiency scintillation detector for combined of thermal and fast neutrons and gamma radiation (2023)

A scintillation based radiation detector for the combined detection of thermal neutrons, high-energy neutrons and gamma rays in a single detecting unit. The detector consists of a pair of scintillators sandwiched together and optically coupled to the light sensitive face of a photomultiplier tube. A light tight radiation pervious housing is disposed about the scintillators and a portion of the photomultiplier tube to hold the arrangement in assembly and provides a radiation window adjacent the outer scintillator through which the radiation to be detected enters the detector. The outer scintillator is formed of a material in which scintillations are produced by thermal-neutrons and the inner scintillator is formed of a material in which scintillations are produced by high-energy neutrons and gamma rays. The light pulses produced by events detected in both scintillators are coupled to the photomultiplier tube which produces a current pulse in response to each detected event. These current pulses may be processed in a conventional manner to produce a count rate output indicative of the total detected radiation even count rate. Pulse discrimination techniques may be used to distinguish the different radiations and their energy distribution.
An efficient FFT processor for ADSL applications (2001)

Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) technology is a discrete multitone modulation (DMT) scheme that provides high data rate, broadband Internet access over traditional phone lines. This technology utilizes the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract data contained in the discrete frequency bins. Using the traditional FFT implementation for a G.dmt application is prohibitive in terms of the total execution time. Increasing the system clock speed proves costly both in terms of silicon area and power consumption. This paper presents a novel FFT approach that greatly reduces the execution cycle time. The new FFT architecture, called the complex FFT processor, incorporates design techniques such as real folding and merged arithmetic to achieve up to a factor of 4 improvement in performance with a factor of about 1.5 increase in silicon area.
Irak: Nueva víctima española (2004)

El comandante de la Guardia Civil, Gonzalo Perez Garcia, fue herido de maxima gravedad durante una operacion contraterrorista en la localidad de Al Hamza
Cloned avirulence gene of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>glycinea</i> determines race-specific incompatibility on <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr (1984)

A genomic library of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea race 6 DNA was constructed in the mobilizable cosmid vector pLAFR1 and maintained in Escherichia coli HB101. Completeness of the library was estimated by assaying clones for the expression of ice-nucleating activity in E. coli. Ice-nucleation activity was represented approximately once in every 600 clones. Six hundred eighty random race 6 cosmid clones were mobilized from E. coli by plasmid pRK2013 in individual conjugations to a race 5 strain of P. s. glycinea. A single clone (pPg6L3) was detected that changed the race specificity of race 5 from virulent (compatible) to avirulent (incompatible) on the appropriate soybean cultivars. The clone was also mobilized from E. coli into race 1 and race 4 strains of P. s. glycinea, and it conferred on these transconjugants the same host range incompatibility as the wild-type race 6 strain. The cosmid clone was mapped by restriction endonucleases, and two adjacent EcoRI fragments were identified by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis to be important in determining race specificity. Southern blot analysis showed that the two EcoRI fragments are unique to race 6 and are not present in the other races tested. The cosmid clone pPg6L3 was also mobilized to Pseudomonas fluorescens and Rhizobium japonicum. However, neither these isolates nor E. coli harboring pPg6L3 elicited a hypersensitive reaction in soybean leaves.
Efficient self-aligning multibeam coupling into a single-mode fiber (1995)

We present and demonstrate a method for efficient coupling of many beams into a single-mode fiber. Using the phase conjugating property for mutually incoherent beams of the double phase conjugate mirror (DPCM), we achieved coupling for a full 6/spl times/6 matrix of beams into a single-mode fiber. In principle, this number of input channels can be increased manyfold beyond the 36 used in our experiment. Of the phase conjugate generated by the DPCM in the direction of the fiber, over 97% (Fresnel corrected) entered the fiber, thus giving a highly accurate coupling. The DPCM transmission efficiency itself was measured at 40% (Fresnel corrected), thus giving an overall coupling efficiency of 39%. By optimizing the DPCM parameters, a significantly higher overall coupling could be achieved. An additional advantage of this method is that the DPCM will reconfigure if there are small changes in the system, thus making the system very robust. This multichannel coupling method can be of importance in the coupling of the output beams of a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) into a single-mode fiber where each channel may carry independently modulated information. This technique can be further generalized to a bidirectional multisingle-mode fiber interconnection system, of which a basic 3/spl times/2 system is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complete fractionation of saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass (1992)

Summary A procedure for fractionation of baker's yeast was developed, based on an induced cell autolysis. After this procedure it was possible to obtain simultaneously 156 kg of yeast extract, 576 mkat of invertase, 0.7 kg of ergosterol (with 97% purity), 0.8 kg of phospholipids (with 70% purity) and finally 10.3 kg of glucan from 1000 kg of compressed baker's yeast (28% dw/w). All isolated preparations were also tested in their respective fields of application with satisfactory results.
Gradient and scattering forces in photoinduced force microscopy (2014)

A theoretical and experimental analysis of the dominant forces measured in photoinduced force microscopy is presented. It is shown that when operated in the noncontact and soft-contact modes, the microscope is sensitive to the optically induced gradient force (${F}_{g}$) and the scattering force (${F}_{sc}$). The reconstructed force-distance curve reveals a tip-dependent scattering force in the 30--60 pN range. Whereas the scattering force is virtually insensitive to the nanoscopic tip-sample distance, the gradient force shows a ${z}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ dependence and is manifest only for tip-sample distances of a few nm. Measurements on glass, gold nanowires, and molecular clusters of silicon naphtalocyanine confirm that the gradient force is strongly dependent on the polarizability of the sample, enabling spectroscopic imaging through force detection. The nearly constant ${F}_{sc}$ and the spatially dependent ${F}_{g}$ give rise to a complex force-distance curve, which varies from point to point in the specimen and dictates the image contrast observed for a given set point of the cantilevered tip.
Continuous Measurement of Cerebral Oxygenation by Near Infrared Spectroscopy During Induction of Anesthesia (1999)

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures tissue oxygenation continuously at the bedside.Major disturbances of cerebral oxygenation can be detected by using NIRS, but the ability to observe smaller changes is poorly documented. Although anesthetics generally depress cerebral metabolism and enhance oxygen delivery, the administration of etomidate has been associated with cerebral desaturation. We used this difference to study the ability of NIRS to detect the small changes associated with the onset of anesthesia. Thirty-six healthy patients were randomly allocated to have anesthesia induced with either etomidate, propofol, or thiopental. We found that there was a temporal association between the onset of anesthesia and NIRS-derived indices of cerebral oxygenation. Etomidate was associated with a decrease in cerebral oxygenation, whereas propofol and thiopental were associated with an increase in cerebral oxygenation. We conclude that NIRS is capable of detecting the small changes in cerebral oxygenation associated with the induction of general anesthesia and shows promise as a bedside investigational tool for the noninvasive assessment of cerebral oxygenation. Implications: We conclude that near infrared spectroscopy is capable of detecting the small changes in cerebral oxygenation associated with the induction of general anesthesia and shows promise as a bedside investigational tool for the noninvasive assessment of cerebral oxygenation. (Anesth Analg 1999;88:554-8)
Mercuric iodide room temperature gamma-ray detectors (1989)

High resolution mercuric iodide room temperature gamma‐ray detectors have excellent potential as an essential component of space instruments to be used for high energy astrophysics. Mercuric iodide detectors are being developed both as photodetectors used in combination with scintillation crystals to detect gamma‐rays, and as direct gamma‐ray detectors. These detectors are highly radiation damage resistant. The list of applications includes gamma‐ray burst detection, gamma‐ray line astronomy, solar flare studies, and elemental analysis.
Optical Properties and Application of a Reactive and Bioreducible Thiol-Containing Tetramethylrhodamine Dimer (2009)

Thiolated dimeric tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) was synthesized in a straightforward procedure utilizing commercially available 5(6)-succinimidyl TAMRA and cystamine hydrochloride. The thiol-containing TAMRA dimer displayed distinct spectral properties in reduced and oxidized forms; covalent dimer formation produced greater effects on the spectral properties than previously reported for noncovalent TAMRA dimers or dimers formed with shorter carbon spacers. The resulting TAMRA disulfide dimer exhibited a hypsochromic shift of 34 nm relative to the reduced monomer species and an isosbestic point at 532 nm between reduced monomeric and oxidized dimeric forms. Molar extinction coefficients of the monomer and dimer relative to moles of TAMRA were similar (6.61 x 10(4) M(-1) cm(-1) and 6.42 x 10(-4) M(-1) cm(-1), respectively). However, fluorescence emission was altered with >93% of dye fluorescence quenched in phosphate buffered saline upon dimer formation. A 520:554 nm absorbance intensity ratio of 2.64 was observed for the oxidized ssTAMRA dimer, almost twice as high as values reported for noncovalent TAMRA dimers. The resulting disulfide dye was easily reduced using both soluble and agarose gel immobilized tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine and fresh cell lysate from cultured RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Absorbance intensity ratios at 554 and 520 nm were used to determine the oxidation half-life of a 1.2 x 10(-5) M solution of reduced TAMRA stored in ambient atmosphere to be approximately 50 h at 22 degrees C. The free thiol dye was further reacted with maleimide-derivatized poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylamide) to yield the dye-labeled polymer conjugate. This dye derivative should prove useful as a dithiol reduction-sensitive fluorescent probe in cellular tracking systems, as well as a thiol-based dye-labeling reagent due to its easy preparation from readily available materials, environmental sensitivity, and simple activation to produce distinct spectral states. The enhanced spectral properties of the covalent TAMRA dimer described here could be useful to prepare more advanced reporter molecules and bioconjugates.
A Low-Power Gateable Vernier Ring Oscillator Time-to-Digital Converter for Biomedical Imaging Applications (2015)

In this paper, a high resolution, high precision and ultra-low power consumption time-to-digital converter (TDC) is presented. The proposed TDC is based on the gateable Vernier ring oscillator architecture. Fine resolution is achieved through two ring oscillators arranged in the Vernier configuration. This TDC employs a single-transition end-of-conversion detection circuit and turns off the ring oscillators whenever the conversion is completed to reduce power consumption. The prototype chip is fabricated in a standard 130 nm digital CMOS process and its area is only 0.03 mm(2). Using a 1.2 V supply, the TDC achieves a resolution of 7.3 ps, a single-shot precision of 1.0LSB, and an average power consumption of 1.2 mW. A root-mean-square integral nonlinearity (INL) of 1.2 LSB is obtained with the help of an INL look-up-table calibration. Compared to previously reported ring-oscillator based TDCs, the proposed design achieves the lowest power consumption to date.
Graphene-Based Flexible Supercapacitors: Pulse-Electropolymerization of Polypyrrole on Free-Standing Graphene Films (2011)

A simple method has been implemented to create flexible, uniform graphene–polypyrrole composite films using a pulsed electropolymerization technique for supercapacitor electrodes. Applying the pseudocapacitive contribution of conformal redox-active polypyrrole to graphene supercapacitor electrodes results in high performance while still maintaining the inherent flexibility of graphene films. Specific capacitances as high as 237 F/g were obtained for a moderate total deposition time of only 120 s, which is approximately four times higher than the blank scaffold, graphene films. This flexible supercapacitor film exhibited very high energy and power densities with values of ∼33 Wh/kg and ∼1184 W/kg, respectively, at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s. This increase was attributed to the favorable nucleation of new polymer chains at defects on the graphene surface, which become less favorable as defect sites are occupied by existing polymer nanoparticles.
A tubular flux-switching permanent magnet machine (2008)

The paper describes a novel tubular, three-phase permanent magnet brushless machine, which combines salient features from both switched reluctance and permanent magnet machine technologies. It has no end windings and zero net radial force and offers a high power density and peak force capability, as well as the potential for low manufacturing cost. It is, therefore, eminently suitable for a variety of applications, ranging from free-piston energy converters to active vehicle suspensions.
Indoor scene segmentation using a structured light sensor (2011)

In this paper we explore how a structured light depth sensor, in the form of the Microsoft Kinect, can assist with indoor scene segmentation. We use a CRF-based model to evaluate a range of different representations for depth information and propose a novel prior on 3D location. We introduce a new and challenging indoor scene dataset, complete with accurate depth maps and dense label coverage. Evaluating our model on this dataset reveals that the combination of depth and intensity images gives dramatic performance gains over intensity images alone. Our results clearly demonstrate the utility of structured light sensors for scene understanding.
Synthesis and characterization of novel 4-(1-(4-(4-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzenamine fluorescent dye for protein binding (2012)

Novel 4-(1-(4-(4-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzenamine fluorescent dye was synthesized by multistep synthesis from cyanuric chloride and phenyl acetonitrile. It has absorption at 360 nm with single emission at 497 nm having fairly good quantum yield (0.379). The intermediates and the dye were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectral analysis. Its utility as biocompatible fluorescent dye was explained by conjugation with bovine serum albumin. The method is based on direct fluorescence detection of fluorophore labelled protein before and after conjugation. Purified fluorescent conjugates were subsequently analyzed by fluorimetry. The analysis showed that the tested conjugation reaction yielded fluorescent conjugates of the dye through carbodiimide chemistry.
The Study on the Effect of Oriental Music Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Patients Classified by Sasang Constitutional Medicine (2006)

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the regional cerebral blood-flow(r-CBF) difference between OMT(Oriental Music Therapy) group and control group using brain SPECT, to evaluate the effect of OMT in ischemic stroke patients Classified by Sasang Constitutional. 2. Methods We selected 10 ischemic storke patients, classified groups into OMT group or control group. r-CBF of two groups were examined by brain SPECT. in all group we applied SCM(Sasang constitutional medicine)treatment for 4-5 weaks, and additionally in OMT group We applied OMT for 4-5 weaks. after that all the r-CBF of two groups took brain SPECT again. r-CBF difference and change before and after SCM treatment and OMT were quantified and analyzed using SPM. 3. Results r-CBF of OMT groups were increased compared to control groups. 4. Conclusions This study demonstrated that Sasang Constitutional OMT increased regional cerebral blood perfusion to the corresponding brain areas in ischemic stroke patients.
A tutorial on calculating source impedance ratios for determining line length (2015)

Classifying the length of a line is an important step in determining the transmission line protection philosophy and relay settings. The length of a line can be defined by physical distance, impedance, or its source impedance ratio (SIR). The SIR is the ratio of the source impedance, Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> , to the line impedance, Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> . The SIR is well established in the industry as the preferred method for classifying the electrical length of a line for the purpose of setting protective relays. Many references discuss setting criteria and performance specifications relative to the SIR. However, very few references define the proper method for calculating the source impedance to use in the ratio. The transmission system is a complex network with many sources and branches, and the topology of the network can have a major effect on the results, depending on the method used. This paper analyzes several methods in common usage and presents a simple method that provides a better result. The effect of the SIR on line relay settings and examples of various transmission network topologies are discussed.
Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Hollow Octahedral NiO (2007)

We have successfully fabricated single-crystalline hollow NiO crystals with well-defined octahedral morphology. With detailed investigations by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, we propose a growth mechanism of the hollow octahedra. It is the first report that hollow octahedral materials can be synthesized via a template-assisted carbothermal method. During the process, carbon templates appear to be necessary for the formation of single-crystalline hollow NiO octahedra. The proposed facile strategy can be extended to synthesize other polyhedral materials such as metal oxides (Co3O4, etc.).
Chemical and microbiological characteristics of Ititu (1991)

Determines the microbiological and chemical composition of Ititu, a concentrated fermented milk utilized by pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia, using 20 Ititu samples randomly collected from individual households from Borana region and transported under refrigeration for analysis; chemical and microbial counts were performed as well as electrophoresis and amino acid analyses.