gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analog CMOS implementation of Gallager's iterative decoding algorithm applied to a block turbo code (2003)

In this paper we present a full analog CMOS implementation of Gallager's iterative decoding algorithm applied to a relatively simple Block Turbo Code. The aim of our work is to investigate the potentiality of this approach in the construction of the analog decoding network, with respect to those based on the forward-backward algorithm on the trellis of the constituent codes. The work describes the design issues and the post-layout simulation results of a prototype which is going to be fabricated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The prototype implements a decoder for a rate 0.4, BTC code built from (7,4) Hamming constituent codes, with a 16-bit block length, and including on-chip I/O interfaces for serial input and parallel digital output. The simulated overall power consumption at 4.8 Mbit/s information (i.e. 12 Mbit/s channel) transmission rate was 11 mW.
Adaptive Beamforming by Phase Coherence Processing (2011)

As a final case example, speckle noise can be reduced by image compounding (spatial diversity), but this negatively affects resolution [Shankar & Newhouse, 1985].Frequency diversity methods have been also proposed [Newhouse et al., 1982], but they critically depend on the selected parameters to work properly [Gustafson & Stepinski, 1993].The conclusion is clear: there is no a universal method to improve the image quality by simultaneously addressing all the involved factors.This work is an exception to this rule, where simultaneous improvements in lateral resolution, side and grating lobe suppression, signal-to-noise ratio enhancement and artifacts cancellation, with the corresponding improvements on contrast and dynamic range, are obtained.This is achieved by a new ultrasound imaging concept: Adaptive Beamforming by Phase Coherence Processing.The idea behind this approach is to consider the aperture data phases explicitly in the image formation process [Camacho et al., 2009].Until now, this has not been applied in conventional ultrasonic imaging, whatever is the modality (phased array or synthetic aperture).Rather, the aperture data phases are only implicitly involved in the coherent sum, thus disregarding relevant information for the image formation.The aim of this work is to give the basis of the new technique and show its performances both, with simulated and experimental data.
Exploiting the bad eating habits of Ras-driven cancers (2013)

Oncogenic Ras promotes glucose fermentation and glutamine use to supply central carbon metabolism, but how and why have only emerged recently. Ras-mediated metabolic reprogramming generates building blocks for growth and promotes antioxidant defense. To fuel metabolic pathways, Ras scavenges extracellular proteins and lipids. To bolster metabolism and mitigate stress, Ras activates cellular self-cannibalization and recycling of proteins and organelles by autophagy. Targeting these distinct features of Ras-driven cancers provides novel approaches to cancer therapy.
Neural Networks with Local Converging Inputs (NNLCI) for Solving Conservation Laws, Part II: 2D Problems (2022)

In our prior work [arXiv:2109.09316], neural network methods with inputs based on domain of dependence and a converging sequence were introduced for solving one dimensional conservation laws, in particular the Euler systems. To predict a high-fidelity solution at a given space-time location, two solutions of a conservation law from a converging sequence, computed from low-cost numerical schemes, and in a local domain of dependence of the space-time location, serve as the input of a neural network. In the present work, we extend the methods to two dimensional Euler systems and introduce variations. Numerical results demonstrate that the methods not only work very well in one dimension [arXiv:2109.09316], but also perform well in two dimensions. Despite smeared local input data, the neural network methods are able to predict shocks, contacts, and smooth regions of the solution accurately. The neural network methods are efficient and relatively easy to train because they are local solvers.
Visual guidance for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles using feature tracking : application to power line inspection (2013)

This thesis presents novel vision based control solutions that enable fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to perform tasks of inspection over infrastructure including power lines, pipe lines and roads. This is achieved through the development of techniques that combine visual servoing with alternate manoeuvres that assist the UAV in both following and observing the feature from a downward facing camera. Control designs are developed through techniques of Image Based Visual Servoing to utilise sideslip through Skid-to-Turn and Forward-Slip manoeuvres. This allows the UAV to simultaneously track and collect data over the length of infrastructure, including straight segments and the transition where these meet.
A Partition-Based Framework for Building and Validating Regression Models (2013)

Regression models play a key role in many application domains for analyzing or predicting a quantitative dependent variable based on one or more independent variables. Automated approaches for building regression models are typically limited with respect to incorporating domain knowledge in the process of selecting input variables (also known as feature subset selection). Other limitations include the identification of local structures, transformations, and interactions between variables. The contribution of this paper is a framework for building regression models addressing these limitations. The framework combines a qualitative analysis of relationship structures by visualization and a quantification of relevance for ranking any number of features and pairs of features which may be categorical or continuous. A central aspect is the local approximation of the conditional target distribution by partitioning 1D and 2D feature domains into disjoint regions. This enables a visual investigation of local patterns and largely avoids structural assumptions for the quantitative ranking. We describe how the framework supports different tasks in model building (e.g., validation and comparison), and we present an interactive workflow for feature subset selection. A real-world case study illustrates the step-wise identification of a five-dimensional model for natural gas consumption. We also report feedback from domain experts after two months of deployment in the energy sector, indicating a significant effort reduction for building and improving regression models.
Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. Marrow transplantation for malignant diseases. (1983)

Marrow grafting, once undertaken only after failure of all other forms of therapy, is now the preferred therapy for some malignant diseases. Chemoradiotherapy and marrow grafting for patients with acute leukemia who have failed chemotherapy results in cure rates of 10%-30%. For patients under the age of 50 with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia transplanted in first remission, the cure rate is approximately 50% with better results in younger patients. Marrow grafting is now being explored in a variety of types of malignant diseases having in common a steep dose-response curve to therapy, therapy limited by marrow toxicity, and the availability of a suitable marrow donor. Current research in the field of marrow transplantation is reviewed and provides a basis for a reasonable expectation that results of marrow transplantation will continue to improve. The use of partially matched family members or phenotypically histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-identical unrelated donors will make marrow grafting available to a larger fraction of patients. Marrow grafting, developed for the treatment of malignant disease, has found an important application to nonmalignant diseases, including immunodeficiency syndromes, aplastic anemia, and thalassemia and other genetic disorders of hematopoiesis.
A mechanism for glucocorticoid toxicity in the hippocampus: increased neuronal vulnerability to metabolic insults (1985)

Glucocorticoids appear capable of damaging or destroying hippocampal neurons. There is a progressive loss of such neurons with age, and the process can be prevented by adrenalectomy at mid-age or accelerated by prolonged exposure to high circulating titers of glucocorticoids. The present study examines possible mechanisms for this steroid action. Rats were either adrenalectomized, intact, or treated with corticosterone (CORT) sufficient to produce prolonged elevations of titers in the high physiological range. After 1 week, unilateral hippocampal microinfusions were made with either kainic acid (KA) or 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP). Doses of these hippocampal neurotoxins were chosen to produce small-sized lesions. Treatment with CORT exacerbated the extent of damage following neurotoxin infusion, whereas adrenalectomy attenuated the damage. Additional studies eliminated some potential mechanisms for this phenomenon. CORT did not directly alter the intrinsic toxicity of the compounds but, rather, altered the sensitivity of target cells to them. As evidence, no potentiation of damage in CORT-treated animals occurred in KA-sensitive brain regions lacking CORT receptors. Since CORT did not increase the diffusion or binding of [3H]KA in the hippocampus, it appears unlikely that CORT potentiated toxin-induced damage by influencing the specific mechanism of action of any toxin. Finally, the general nature of the CORT potentiation of damage was supported by the markedly different postulated mechanisms of toxicity of KA and 3-AP. We hypothesize that CORT exerts its extensive catabolic effects upon target cells to produce generalized metabolic vulnerability in hippocampal neurons possessing high concentrations of CORT receptors, thereby sensitizing them to varied metabolic insults.
Nonlinear numerical analysis and experimental testing for an electrothermal SU-8 microgripper with reduced out-of-plane displacement (2017)

This paper reports the results of numerical nonlinear electro-thermo-mechanical analysis and experimental testing of a polymeric microgripper designed using electrothermal actuators. The simulation work was carried out using a finite element method (FEM) and a commercial software (Coventorware 2014). The biocompatible SU-8 polymer was used as structural material for the fabrication of the microgripper. The metallic micro-heater was encapsulated in the polymeric actuation structures of the microgripper to reduce the undesirable out-of-plane displacement of the microgripper tips, and to electrically isolate the micro-heater, and to reduce the mechanical stress as well as to improve the thermal efficiency. The electro- thermo-mechanical analysis of the actuator considers the nonlinear temperature-dependent properties of the SU-8 polymer and the gold thin film layers used for the micro-heater fabrication. An optical characterisation of the microgripper based on an image tracking approach shows the thermal response and the good repeatability. The average deflection is ~11 µm for an actuation current of ~17 mA. The experimentally obtained tip deflection and the heater temperature at different currents are both shown to be in good agreement with the nonlinear electro-thermo-mechanical simulation results. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of the microgripper by capture and manipulation of cotton fibres.
Polarity Related Influence Maximization in Signed Social Networks (2014)

Influence maximization in social networks has been widely studied motivated by applications like spread of ideas or innovations in a network and viral marketing of products. Current studies focus almost exclusively on unsigned social networks containing only positive relationships (e.g. friend or trust) between users. Influence maximization in signed social networks containing both positive relationships and negative relationships (e.g. foe or distrust) between users is still a challenging problem that has not been studied. Thus, in this paper, we propose the polarity-related influence maximization (PRIM) problem which aims to find the seed node set with maximum positive influence or maximum negative influence in signed social networks. To address the PRIM problem, we first extend the standard Independent Cascade (IC) model to the signed social networks and propose a Polarity-related Independent Cascade (named IC-P) diffusion model. We prove that the influence function of the PRIM problem under the IC-P model is monotonic and submodular Thus, a greedy algorithm can be used to achieve an approximation ratio of 1-1/e for solving the PRIM problem in signed social networks. Experimental results on two signed social network datasets, Epinions and Slashdot, validate that our approximation algorithm for solving the PRIM problem outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
An Improved Image Enhancement Approach Based on Retinex Theory (2013)

Using the reflectance component of images directly as the output of Retinex enhancement lacks adjustability and removing illuminance completely from the non-uniform image leads to the lack of coordination between gray scales and the visual effects is unsatisfactory. In this paper we propose an improved Retinex grayscales transformation enhancement approach. First, we decompose the image to be enhanced into reflectance component and illuminance component. Secondly, the reflectance component of the image is three-linearly transformed according to actual needs. Thirdly, the non-uniform illuminance component of the image is filtered. Finally, we combine the transformed reflectance component and the corrected illuminance component to be the output of the enhancement. The experiment result shows that the proposed enhancement approach has high-performance.
Alkylation of Staurosporine to Derive a Kinase Probe for Fluorescence Applications (2016)

The natural product staurosporine is a high-affinity inhibitor of nearly all mammalian protein kinases. The labelling of staurosporine has proven effective as a means of generating protein kinase research tools. Most tools have been generated by acylation of the 4'-methylamine of the sugar moiety of staurosporine. Herein we describe the alkylation of this group as a first step to generate a fluorescently labelled staurosporine. Following alkylation, a polyethylene glycol linker was installed, allowing subsequent attachment of fluorescein. We report that this fluorescein-staurosporine conjugate binds to cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the nanomolar range. Furthermore, its binding can be antagonised with unmodified staurosporine as well as ATP, indicating it targets the ATP binding site in a similar fashion to native staurosporine. This reagent has potential application as a screening tool for protein kinases of interest.
Learning to rank for spatiotemporal search (2013)

In this article we consider the problem of mapping a noisy estimate of a user's current location to a semantically meaningful point of interest, such as a home, restaurant, or store. Despite the poor accuracy of GPS on current mobile devices and the relatively high density of places in urban areas, it is possible to predict a user's location with considerable precision by explicitly modeling both places and users and by combining a variety of signals about a user's current context. Places are often simply modeled as a single latitude and longitude when in fact they are complex entities existing in both space and time and shaped by the millions of people that interact with them. Similarly, models of users reveal complex but predictable patterns of mobility that can be exploited for this task. We propose a novel spatial search algorithm that infers a user's location by combining aggregate signals mined from billions of foursquare check-ins with real-time contextual information. We evaluate a variety of techniques and demonstrate that machine learning algorithms for ranking and spatiotemporal models of places and users offer significant improvement over common methods for location search based on distance and popularity.
Clinicopathological analysis of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign in lower-grade gliomas (2020)

T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is known as a highly specific imaging marker of IDH-mutant astrocytomas. This study was intended to clarify what the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign represents by pathological analysis of lower-grade gliomas rediagnosed in accordance with the WHO 2016 classification. We retrospectively analyzed the records of 64 patients diagnosed with WHO grade II and III diffuse gliomas between June 2009 and November 2018. T2-FLAIR mismatch sign was found in 10 (45%) out of 22 patients with IDH-mutant astrocytoma, 1 (5%) out of 20 with oligodendroglioma, and 1 (5%) out of 22 with IDH-wild-type astrocytoma. T2-FLAIR mismatch sign as a marker of IDH-mutant astrocytomas showed positive predictive value of 83%. Among 22 patients with IDH-mutant astrocytomas, microcystic change was found in eight, of which seven showed T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. Microcystic change was significantly associated with T2-FLAIR mismatch sign (P < 0.01). From multi-sampling in a patient, abundant microcysts were observed upon HE staining of specimens from the T2-FLAIR mismatched region, while microcysts were hardly observed from the T2-FLAIR matched one. All three protoplasmic astrocytomas among our IDH-mutant astrocytomas presented T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. In conclusion, T2-FLAIR mismatch sign may reflect microcyst formation in IDH-mutant astrocytomas and be common in IDH-mutant protoplasmic astrocytoma.
Model-based transcriptome engineering promotes a fermentative transcriptional state in yeast (2016)

The ability to rationally manipulate the transcriptional states of cells would be of great use in medicine and bioengineering. We have developed an algorithm, NetSurgeon, which uses genome-wide gene-regulatory networks to identify interventions that force a cell toward a desired expression state. We first validated NetSurgeon extensively on existing datasets. Next, we used NetSurgeon to select transcription factor deletions aimed at improving ethanol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures that are catabolizing xylose. We reasoned that interventions that move the transcriptional state of cells using xylose toward that of cells producing large amounts of ethanol from glucose might improve xylose fermentation. Some of the interventions selected by NetSurgeon successfully promoted a fermentative transcriptional state in the absence of glucose, resulting in strains with a 2.7-fold increase in xylose import rates, a 4-fold improvement in xylose integration into central carbon metabolism, or a 1.3-fold increase in ethanol production rate. We conclude by presenting an integrated model of transcriptional regulation and metabolic flux that will enable future efforts aimed at improving xylose fermentation to prioritize functional regulators of central carbon metabolism.
XML Views as Integrity Constraints and Their Use in Query Translation (2005)

The SQL queries produced in XML-to-SQL query translation are often unnecessarily complex, even for simple input XML queries. In this paper we argue that relational systems can do a better job of XML-to-SQL query translation with the addition of a simple new constraint, which we term the "lossless from XML" constraint. Intuitively, this constraint states that a given relational data set resulted from the shredding of an XML document that conformed to a given schema. We illustrate the power of this approach by giving an algorithm that exploits the "lossless from XML" constraint to translate path expression queries into efficient SQL, even in the presence of recursive XML schemas. We argue that this approach is likely to be simpler and more effective than the current state of the art in optimizing XML-to-SQL query translation, which involves identifying and declaring multiple complex relational constraints and then reasoning about relational query containment in the presence of these constraints.
Maturation of prepulse inhibition (<scp>PPI</scp>) in childhood (2011)

It is known that sensorimotor gating measured by the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) matures during childhood. Since certain disorders in children, for example, enuresis, show a significant loss in PPI, the PPI as a tool for investigating brainstem reflex control mechanism gains in importance. Therefore, it is crucial to know the natural course of PPI maturation in childhood. A total of 122 healthy children aged from 3-10 years and 10 healthy adults were examined. PPI was initiated by a 120 ms and a 60 ms prepulse and was measured by the EMG of M. orbicularis oculi. For the respective prepulse intervals, the PPI level in each age group increased from 3 to 9 or 10 years and showed a similar course. The findings confirm and extend knowledge about the maturation of PPI during childhood and emphasize the importance of age-dependent standard values when investigating PPI in children.
Implanted antenna for biomedical applications (2008)

In this paper we present the design, realization and measurements of a first prototype of a complete implantable device. The RF system, working over the medical implanted communication systems (MICS) bandwidth and composed of the antenna, the battery, the transceiver for the data communication and the insulation material, has been designed and realized in order to be integrated with an implanted glucose sensor.
The design space of register renaming techniques (2000)

Register renaming is a technique to remove false data dependencie-write after read (WAR) and write after write (WAW)-that occur in straight line code between register operands of subsequent instructions. By eliminating related precedence requirements in the execution sequence of the instructions, renaming increases the average number of instructions that are available for parallel execution per cycle. This results in increased IPC (number of instructions executed per cycle). The identification and exploration of the design space of register-renaming lead to a comprehensive understanding of this intricate technique. As this article shows, the design space of register renaming is spanned by four main dimensions: the scope of register renaming, the layout of the rename buffers, the method of register mapping, and the rename rate. Relevant aspects of the design space give rise to eight basic alternatives for register-renaming. In addition, the kind of operand fetch policy significantly affects how the processor carries out the rename process, which duplicates the eight basic alternatives to 16 possible implementation schemes. The article indicates which basic implementation scheme is used in relevant superscalar processors. As register renaming is usually implemented in conjunction with shelving, the underlying microarchitecture is assumed to employ shelving.
Staged inertial microfluidic focusing for complex fluid enrichment (2015)

Microfluidic inertial focusing reliably and passively aligns small particles and cells through a combination of competing inertial fluid forces. The equilibrium behavior of inertially focused particles in straight channels has been extensively characterized and has been shown to be a strong function of channel size, geometry and particle size. We demonstrate that channels of varying geometry may be combined to produce a staged device capable of high throughput particle and cell concentration and efficient single pass complex fluid enrichment. Straight and asymmetrically curved microchannels were combined in series to accelerate focusing dynamics and improve concentration efficiency. We have investigated single and multiple pass concentration efficiency and results indicate that these devices are appropriate for routine cell handling operations, including buffer exchange. We demonstrate the utility of these devices by performing a ubiquitous fluorescence staining assay on-chip while sacrificing very little sample or processing time relative to centrifugation. Staged concentration is particularly desirable for point of care settings in which more conventional instrumentation is impractical or cost-prohibitive.