gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and properties of a soluble sialidase from the culture fluid of Chinese hamster ovary cells (1993)

A soluble sialidase that can degrade recombinant glycoproteins expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been isolated and purified to near homogeneity from the cell culture fluid of this host. Purification of approximately 34,000-fold was carried out using conventional purification techniques including sequential DEAE-Sepharose and S-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography with Phenyl-Toyopearl. Final purification was achieved by heparin-agarose and chromatofocusing chromatography. The minimum molecular weight of the sialidase on SDS-PAGE was approximately 43,000 Da. When the final preparation was examined under non-denaturing conditions, two major (pI = 6.8 and 7.0) and five minor electrophoretic forms with different isoelectric points were identified. The basis for the electrophoretic heterogeneity is not known, but it was not due to carbohydrate diversity since no carbohydrates were detected on the purified protein. The enzyme degraded a variety of sialyl-conjugate substrates, at a pH optimum of 5.9, including intact glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and gangliosides with a 4-fold preference for 2,3- versus 2,6-linked sialic acid residues. With ganglioside substrates, internally linked sialic acid residues were not cleaved by the enzyme. Delineation of this enzyme from the lysosomal and plasma membrane sialidases was made using inhibition studies with C-9 substituted 5-acetamido-2,6-anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2- enonic acid derivatives. The enzyme was identified in several CHO cell lines by immunoblotting using antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide based on amino acid sequence of a fragment derived by trypsin digestion of the purified sialidase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improving the Responsivity of Hybrid Graphene–Conductive Polymer Photodetectors via Nanowire Self-Assembly (2018)

By changing the morphology of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) conductive polymer via self-assembly from a planar thin film to a nanowire mesh mesostructure, we demonstrate hybrid graphene–conductive polymer photodetectors with an experimentally observed 600% improved photoresponsivity when compared to their analogous hybrid photodetectors based on graphene and a planar P3HT thin film of similar thickness. At least two reasons stand behind such a dramatic increase in photoresponsivity: (i) the polymer nanowire mesh architecture with unit cell dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light, which produces light scattering and increased light absorption in the polymer compared to the case of a planar polymer thin film of similar thickness, and (ii) the crystallization of P3HT molecules within the nanowires reduces the density of charge trap states, which in turn provides improved charge transport and charge transfer compared to a P3HT thin film.
Enhanced Cross-Component Linear Model for Chroma Intra-Prediction in Video Coding (2018)

Cross-Component Linear Model (CCLM) for chroma intra-prediction is a promising coding tool in Joint Exploration Model (JEM) developed by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). CCLM assumes a linear correlation between the luma and chroma components in a coding block. With this assumption, the chroma components can be predicted by the Linear Model (LM) mode, which utilizes the reconstructed neighbouring samples to derive parameters of a linear model by linear regression. This paper presents three new methods to further improve the coding efficiency of CCLM. First, we introduce a multi-model CCLM (MM-CCLM) approach, which applies more than one linear models to a coding block. With MM-CCLM, reconstructed neighbouring luma and chroma samples of the current block are classified into several groups, and a particular set of linear model parameters is derived for each group. The reconstructed luma samples of the current block are also classified to predict the associated chroma samples with the corresponding linear model. Second, we propose a multi-filter CCLM (MF-CCLM) technique, which allows the encoder to select the optimal down-sampling filter for the luma component with the 4:2:0 colour format. Third, we present a LM-angular prediction (LAP) method, which synthesizes the angular intra-prediction and the MM-CCLM intra-prediction into a new chroma intra coding mode. Simulation results show that 0.55%, 4.66% and 5.08% BD rate savings in average on Y, Cb and Cr components respectively, are achieved for All Intra (AI) configurations with the proposed three methods. MM-CCLM and MF-CCLM have been adopted into the JEM by JVET.
Strain sensors based on the electrical resistance change accompanying the reversible pull-out of conducting short fibers in a less conducting matrix (1995)

A new class of strain sensors has been discovered. These sensors are short-fiber composites. Their sensing ability is based on the electrical resistance change accompanying the reversible pull-out of conducting short fibers in a less conducting matrix. The fiber pull-out is associated with crack opening; the fiber push-in is associated with crack closing. The fiber pull-out, though slight, causes an increase in the fiber-matrix contact resistivity, thereby increasing the overall resistance of the composite. An example of these sensors is carbon fiber reinforced concrete.
Mapping Comfort with the SMART (Spherical Motion Average Radiant Temperature) Sensor (2017)

The understanding of thermal comfort has improved significantly since the introduction of the Fanger comfort model (1970), yet Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and its adapted versions still are the predominantly used forms (Rupp et al., 2015). Out of the six variables contributing to the PMV values and occupant thermal comfort, Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) and radiant exchanges account for up to half of an occupant’s net heat loss. To better model the relationship between the human body and the radiant temperatures, a device to measure the MRT throughout an occupied space is required. This is a currently relevant piece of equipment as the number of radiant heating and cooling systems is increasing not only in the United States, but all around the world (Lin et al., 2016). We present the development and implementation of the SMART (Spherical Motion Average Radiant Temperature) Sensor as a means to improve available data and representation of comfort in building spaces.
A new resonant gate drive circuit with centre-tapped transformer (2005)

This paper presents a new resonant gate drive circuit for a pair of low side switches with 50% duty cycle or less, which is suitable for variable frequency resonant converter, push-pull converter and so on. A centre-tapped transformer is utilized to boost switches' gate voltage twice high as Vcc voltage. Charging and discharging the gate input capacitance by a constant current source increases MOSFETs switching transition speed. The theoretical analysis and simulation waveforms are provided. A prototype board working at 1 MHz is built and experimental results are also given
Human Visual and Auditory Information. Influence of the Frame in Stereoscopic Images on Vergence Eye Movement. (1999)

When a scene is represented in a binocular stereoscopic display, depth distortions are perceived at the edges of the images in front of the screen. In our previous research (Ishigure et al., ITE, 1996), we showed that adding a virtual frame with a crossed disparity relative to the objects in stereoscopic images can eliminate the distortion. In the present study, we investigated how the depth distortion affects vergence eye movements and whether a virtual frame plays a role. The experimental results show : (1) when subjects perceive a depth distortion, the eyes converge to a point closer to the disparity of the screen than that of the object, (2) when the shape of the distorted object changes, convergence also changes, and (3) when the virtual frame has a crossed disparity, the point of convergence is located at the position indicated by the disparity of the object. The results indicate that presenting a stereoscopic image with an accompanying virtual frame prevents an undesired shift in convergence.
Microwave photonic multiband filter with independently tunable passband spectral properties (2018)

Multiband RF filters with independently controllable passbands are an essential component in dynamic multiband RF communications. Unfortunately, even a fixed multiband RF filter without the capability to adjust the passband properties individually is very difficult to achieve using either RF electronics or microwave photonic technologies. In microwave photonic approaches, the critical limitation is the close relationship between passbands-the tuning of one passband leads to a change in another, hindering the ability to independently control each passband. In this Letter, a programmable microwave photonic multiband filter with full control of amplitude, frequency, bandwidth, group delay slope, and the spectral shape of each passband has been experimentally demonstrated. A multiband filter design algorithm has also been developed that considers each RF passband as an individual, then uses inverse Fourier transform and filter design rule to determine the corresponding optical parameters and combines a series of shaped cosine functions to achieve the desired RF properties.
A high-performance liquid chromatography based strategy for rapid, sensitive sequencing of N-linked oligosaccharide modifications to proteins in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel bands (2001)

The majority of biologically active proteins are glycosylated, therefore any approach to proteomics which fails to address the analysis of oligosaccharides is necessarily incomplete. To appreciate the structure of a glycoprotein fully, to understand the roles for the attached oligosaccharides and to monitor disease associated changes it is necessary to visualise the sugars as well as the protein. To achieve this aim when biological samples are available at the low microgram level or less has involved increasing the sensitivity of the technology for glycan analysis. Since one protein may have many different oligosaccharides attached to it (glycoforms) this is a major technical challenge. CD59, for example, has over 100 different sugars at one N-linked glycosylation site. Applications of recently developed technology suggest that it is now becoming realistic to extend the proteomics analysis of glycoproteins to include details of glycosylation. This is achieved by releasing the N-glycans from the protein in a gel by optimised peptide-N-glycosidase F digestion. The released glycans are then tagged with the fluorophore, 2-amino benzamide. The labelled glycan pools (containing 50–100 femtomoles of glycans) are resolved by predictive normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an amide based column or by reverse phase HPLC on a C18 column. Preliminary structural assignments are confirmed by exoglycosidase array digestions of the entire glycan pool. Complementary matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry, which requires 10–20 times as much sugar for a single run, can be used where there is sufficient material. This provides a composition analysis but not linkage information.
SLC26A9 Gene Is Associated With Lung Function Response to Ivacaftor in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis (2018)

Ivacaftor is a drug used to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) patients carrying specific gating <i>CFTR</i> mutations. Interpatient variability in the lung response has been shown to be partly explained by rs7512462 in the Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 9 (<i>SLC26A9</i>) gene. In an independent and larger cohort, we aimed to evaluate whether <i>SLC26A9</i> variants contribute to the variability of the lung phenotype and if they influence the lung response to ivacaftor. We genotyped the French CF Gene Modifier Study cohort (<i>n</i> = 4,840) to investigate whether <i>SLC26A9</i> variants were involved in the lung phenotype heterogeneity. Their influence in the response to ivacaftor was tested in the 30 treated patients who met the inclusion criteria: older than 6 years of age, percent-predicted forced expiratory volume measured in 1 s (FEV<sub>1pp</sub>) in the 3 months before treatment initiation ranging between 40 and 90%. Response to treatment was determined by the change in FEV<sub>1pp</sub> from baseline, averaged in 15-75 days, and the 1st-year post-treatment. We observed that <i>SLC26A9</i> variants were not associated with lung function variability in untreated patients and that gain of lung function in patients treated with ivacaftor was similar to clinical trials. We confirmed that rs7512462 was associated with variability in ivacaftor-lung response, with a significant reduction in lung function improvement for patients with the C allele. Other <i>SLC26A9</i> SNPs also contributed to the ivacaftor-response. Interindividual variability in lung response to ivacaftor is associated with <i>SLC26A9</i> variants in French CF patients. Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine will soon be part of CF patient care.
Serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis by using a recombinant form of the 54-kilodalton rhoptry antigen expressed in Escherichia coli (1993)

A 330-residue carboxy-terminal antigenic fragment of the Toxoplasma gondii 54-kDa rhoptry protein (ROP2) was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion polypeptide containing a 48-amino-acid sequence derived from phage lambda protein Cro and E. coli protein LacI followed by six consecutive histidyl residues. Metal chelate affinity chromatography provided an easy way to isolate the recombinant product in a highly purified form (> 95%). When this material was used to develop an immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, the test reached a sensitivity of 89%. The sensitivity of the assay was similar whether the sera contained T. gondii-specific IgM or were devoid of such IgM. It was also found that ROP2 is a conserved antigen since antibodies against the recombinant antigen could be detected in mice experimentally infected with 11 independent T. gondii isolates originating from infected human tissues tested. Thus, the 54-kDa rhoptry antigen could advantageously complement other previously described T. gondii antigens for the development of more-sensitive and more-informative recombinant antigen-based tests for toxoplasmosis diagnosis.
Structure−Activity Relationships at Human and Rat A<sub>2B</sub> Adenosine Receptors of Xanthine Derivatives Substituted at the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 8-Positions (2002)

In the search for improved selective antagonist ligands of the A2B adenosine receptor, which have the potential as antiasthmatic or antidiabetic drugs, we have synthesized and screened a variety of alkylxanthine derivatives substituted at the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 8-positions. Competition for 125I-ABOPX (125I-3-(4-amino-3-iodobenzyl)-8-(phenyl-4-oxyacetate)-1-propylxanthine) binding in membranes of stably transfected HEK-293 cells revealed uniformly higher affinity (<10-fold) of these xanthines for human than for rat A2B adenosine receptors. Binding to rat brain membranes expressing A1 and A2A adenosine receptors revealed greater A2B selectivity over A2A than A1 receptors. Substitution at the 1-position with 2-phenylethyl (or alkyl/olefinic groups) and at N-3 with hydrogen or methyl favored A2B selectivity. Relative to enprofylline 2b, pentoxifylline 35 was equipotent and 1-propylxanthine 3 was >13-fold more potent at human A2B receptors. Most N-7 substituents did not enhance affinity over hydrogen, except for 7-(2-chloroethyl), which enhanced the affinity of theophylline by 6.5-fold to 800 nM. The A2B receptor affinity-enhancing effects of 7-(2-chloroethyl) vs 7-methyl were comparable to the known enhancement produced by an 8-aryl substitution. Among 8-phenyl analogues, a larger alkyl group at the 1-position than at the 3-position favored affinity at the human A2B receptor, as indicated by 1-allyl-3-methyl-8-phenylxanthine, with a K(i) value of 37 nM. Substitution on the 8-phenyl ring indicated that an electron-rich ring was preferred for A2B receptor binding. In conclusion, new leads for the design of xanthines substituted in the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 8-positions as A2B receptor-selective antagonists have been identified.
Identification and expression of eight novel mutations among non-Jewish patients with Canavan disease. (1996)

Canavan disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait that is caused by the deficiency of aspartoacylase (ASPA). The majority of patients with Canavan disease are from an Ashkenazi Jewish background. Mutations in ASPA that lead to loss of enzymatic activity have been identified, and E285A and Y231X are the two predominant mutations that account for 97% of the mutant chromosomes in Ashkenazi Jewish patients. The current study was aimed at finding the molecular basis of Canavan disease in 25 independent patients of non-Jewish background. Eight novel and three previously characterized mutations accounted for 80% (40/50) of mutant chromosomes. The A305E missense mutation accounted for 48% (24/50) of mutant chromosomes in patients of western European descent, while the two predominant Jewish mutations each accounted for a single mutant chromosome. The eight novel mutations identified included 1- and 4-bp deletions (32 deltaT and 876 deltaAGAA, respectively) and I16T, G27R, D114E, G123E, C152Y, and R168C missense mutations. The homozygous 32 deltaT deletion was identified in the only known patient of African-American origin with Canavan disease. The heterozygosity for 876 deltaAGAA mutation was identified in three independent patients from England. Six single-base changes leading to missense mutations were identified in patients from Turkey (D114E, R168C), The Netherlands (I16T), Germany (G27R), Ireland (C152Y), and Canada (G123E). A PCR-based protocol is described that was used to introduce mutations in wild-type cDNA. In vitro expression of mutant cDNA clones demonstrated that all of these mutations led to a deficiency of ASPA and should therefore result in Canavan disease.
From machine control to drilling control (2012)

The complexity of drilling operations is constantly increasing. By changing the perspective of automation from a pure machine control mindset to a drilling control one, it is possible to provide proactive assistance to the drilling crew during drilling operations. This needs to take in use physical models of the drilling process. Such mechanical, hydraulic and heat transfer models are dependent on physical quantities that can be derived from real-time sensors. The correlation between the existing measurements and the physical model parameters needs to be analyzed in order to extract which corrections need to be applied on the measurement to extract the required physical values and whether the total sensory system, at the rig site, is complete and robust.
OCCIPITAL CERVICAL STABILIZATION USING OCCIPITAL CONDYLES FOR CRANIAL FIXATION (2009)

Craniocervical stabilization using occipital condyle screws as the sole cephalad fixation points is a feasible option and can be used safely without neurovascular complication in the treatment of craniocervical instability.
A Molecular Description of Cellulose Biosynthesis (2015)

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, and certain organisms from bacteria to plants and animals synthesize cellulose as an extracellular polymer for various biological functions. Humans have used cellulose for millennia as a material and an energy source, and the advent of a lignocellulosic fuel industry will elevate it to the primary carbon source for the burgeoning renewable energy sector. Despite the biological and societal importance of cellulose, the molecular mechanism by which it is synthesized is now only beginning to emerge. On the basis of recent advances in structural and molecular biology on bacterial cellulose synthases, we review emerging concepts of how the enzymes polymerize glucose molecules, how the nascent polymer is transported across the plasma membrane, and how bacterial cellulose biosynthesis is regulated during biofilm formation. Additionally, we review evolutionary commonalities and differences between cellulose synthases that modulate the nature of the cellulose product formed.
Image-based global registration system for bronchoscopy guidance (2011)

Previous studies have shown that bronchoscopy guidance systems improve accuracy and reduce skill variation among physicians during bronchoscopy. In the past, we presented an image-based bronchoscopy guidance system that has been extensively validated in live bronchoscopic procedures. However, this system cannot actively recover from adverse events, such as patient coughing or dynamic airway collapses. After such events, the bronchoscope position is recovered only by moving back to a previously seen and easily identifiable bifurcation such as the main carina. Furthermore, the system requires an attending technician to closely follow the physician's movement of the bronchoscope to avoid misguidance. Also, when the physician is forced to advance the bronchoscope across multiple bifurcations, the system is not able to detect faulty maneuvers. We propose two system-level solutions. The first solution is a system-level guidance strategy that incorporates a global-registration algorithm to provide the physician with updated navigational and guidance information during bronchoscopy. The system can handle general navigation to a region of interest (ROI), as well as adverse events, and it requires minimal commands so that it can be directly controlled by the physician. The second solution visualizes the global picture of all the bifurcations and their relative orientations in advance and suggests the maneuvers needed by the bronchoscope to approach the ROI. Guided bronchoscopy results using human airway-tree phantoms demonstrate the potential of the two solutions.
Transplantation of Human Myoblasts in SCID Mice as a Potential Muscular Model for Myotonic Dystrophy (1999)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM), the most frequent hereditary myopathy in adults, is characterized clinically by muscle weakness, myotonia, and systemic symptoms. Although the specific genetic basis for DM has been established, less is known about the cellular defects responsible for its pleiotropic manifestations. DM pathogenesis studies are presently limited due to the absence of animal models. In the present study, we transplanted myoblasts of DM patients into the Tibialis anterior of Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) mice to determine whether this approach could reproduce the muscular characteristics of DM. One to 4 months after transplantation, a variable number of innervated human muscle fibers, recognized by an antibody specific for the human dystrophin, were found in the transplanted muscles. The CTG expansion was retained in human muscle fibers as determined by Southern blot analysis. Although the histological characteristics of DM were absent in these fibers, electromyographic recording showed typical myotonic discharges in muscles transplanted with DM myoblasts. The specificity of the myotonic runs was demonstrated by its inhibition by apamin, a drug that specifically blocks DM myotonia. We conclude that transplantation of myoblasts from DM patients into SCID mice represents a potential in vivo model for basic studies of this disease.