gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A handheld Electrical Impedance Myography probe for the assessment of neuromuscular disease (2008)

Electrical Impedance Myography (EIM) is a non-invasive, painless clinical technique for the diagnosis and monitoring of a variety of neuromuscular diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and focal nerve injuries. It involves the application of a low-intensity alternating current to a muscle group and the measurement of the consequent surface voltage patterns. This paper presents a system for the rapid and accurate acquisition of data employing an interrogating signal composed of multiple tones with frequencies between 10 kHz and 4 MHz. The use of this composite signal makes possible measurement of impedance at multiple frequencies simultaneously. In addition, this system takes impedance measurements at multiple orientations with respect to the muscle fibers by means of an electronically reconfigurable electrode array and utilizes the linearity of muscle tissue to reduce the required measurement time. Testing of the EIM system on beef has established the capability of this system to rapidly detect the anisotropic conductive properties of muscle tissue at multiple frequencies.
Multi-beam pulsed laser deposition: new method of making nanocomposite coatings (2015)

Huge number of new photonic devices, including light emitters, chemical sensors, and energy harvesters, etc. can be made of the nanocomposite coatings produced by the new multi-beam pulsed laser deposition (MB-PLD) process. We provide a short review of the conventional single-beam PLD method and explain why it is poorly suitable for making nanocomposite coatings. Then we describe the new MB-PLD process and system, particularly the multiple-beam matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MB-MAPLE) version with laser beam scanning and plume direction control. The latter one is particularly designed to make organic (polymer) - inorganic functionalized nanocomposite coatings. Polymer film serves as a host for inorganic nanoparticles that add a specific functionality to the film. We analyze the properties of such coatings using the examples of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films impregnated with the nanoparticles of rare-earth (RE) upconversion phosphors. They demonstrated the preservation of microcrystalline structure and bright upconversion emission in visible region of the phosphor nanoparticles after they were transferred in the polymer matrix during the MB-MAPLE process. The proposed technology has thus proven to serve its purpose: to make functionalized polymer nanocomposite coatings for a various potential applications.
Independent prognostic value of plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in colorectal cancer: A prospective validation study (2008)

11072 Background: Introduction of independent prognostic markers may play a significant role in future treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) is a glycoprotein, which acts as an inhibitor of all active matrix metalloproteinases. TIMP-1 can be measured in plasma, and it has previously been shown to carry independent prognostic value in patients with primary CRC. The purpose of the present study was to validate TIMP-1 as a prognostic marker in patients undergoing operation for primary CRC. Methods: In the present prospective study plasma samples were collected before surgery from 323 patients with primary CRC between 2000 and 2003. After collection of all samples TIMP-1 was determined using a thoroughly validated, in-house ELISA method. Recurrence and survival were registered and the association to plasma TIMP-1 levels was studied in a Cox multivariate model including age, disease stage, differentiation, lymphatic and vascular vessel invasion calculating hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR (95%CI)) for overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Results: Three local recurrences and 50 distant metastases were registered in stage I-III patients after a median follow-up time of 5.5 (4–7.5) years. No recurrences were observed in stage I (n=44), while 13 were recorded in stage II (n=134) and 38 in stage III (n=94). Scoring TIMP-1 as a continuous variable on a logarithmic scale, plasma TIMP-1 displayed independent prognostic information for the whole cohort in a multivariable statistical analysis: OS: HR 2.35 (1.51–3.66) and DFS: HR 1.86 (1.12–3.08). Conclusions: Plasma TIMP-1 levels carry strong independent prognostic information for patients with primary CRC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Abbott Laboratories Abbott Laboratories
Emission Ratiometric Imaging of Intracellular Zinc:  Design of a Benzoxazole Fluorescent Sensor and Its Application in Two-Photon Microscopy (2003)

Zinc and calcium are ubiquitous intracellular metals, and while a variety of quantitative probes have been developed for measuring intracellular changes in calcium concentration, the same is not true of zinc. We describe here the design, synthesis, and properties of the benzoxazole-based, ratiometric zinc probe, Zinbo-5. This bright fluorescent reporter has a quantum yield of 0.1 in the zinc-form, exhibits a Kd for Zn2+ in the nanomolar range, and shows significant changes in both excitation and emission maxima upon zinc binding. The utility of this cell permeable probe is demonstrated in fluorescence microscopy emission ratio imaging experiments on mammalian cells. We further show that Zinbo-5 is well suited for two-photon excitation microscopy ratio imaging and can readily reveal changes in intracellular zinc concentration within optical planes of single cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of two-photon excitation microscopy applied to ratio imaging of zinc. These methods can be applied to real-time emission or excitation ratio imaging studies of zinc physiology in living cells.
Cloning and Characterization of IL-1HY2, a Novel Interleukin-1 Family Member (2001)

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family members play an important role in the process of inflammation and host defense. We describe here the identification and characterization of a novel member of the IL-1 family, IL-1HY2. The human IL-1HY2 protein shares significant amino acid sequence similarity (37%) with the IL-1 receptor antagonist and has a predicted three-dimensional structure similar to that of the IL-1 receptor antagonist. The IL-1HY2 gene is located in close proximity to other IL-1 family genes on human chromosome 2, and the genomic organization of the IL-1HY2 gene is highly conserved with other IL-1 family members. IL-1HY2 protein is secreted from mammalian cells, and the purified recombinant IL-1HY2 protein binds soluble IL-1 receptor type I. IL-1HY2 is expressed in human skin, spleen, and tonsil. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the IL-1HY2 protein is expressed in the basal epithelia of skin and in proliferating B cells of the tonsil. These data suggest that IL-1HY2 is a novel IL-1 family member and that it may participate in a network of IL-1 family members to regulate adapted and innate immune responses.
CLAW (2018)

CLAW is a handheld virtual reality controller that augments the typical controller functionality with force feedback and actuated movement to the index finger. Our controller enables three distinct interactions (grasping virtual object, touching virtual surfaces, and triggering) and changes its corresponding haptic rendering by sensing the differences in the user's grasp. A servo motor coupled with a force sensor renders controllable forces to the index finger during grasping and touching. Using position tracking, a voice coil actuator at the index fingertip generates vibrations for various textures synchronized with finger movement. CLAW also supports a haptic force feedback in the trigger mode when the user holds a gun. We describe the design considerations for CLAW and evaluate its performance through two user studies. The first study obtained qualitative user feedback on the naturalness, effectiveness, and comfort when using the device. The second study investigated the ease of the transition between grasping and touching when using our device.
Implementing Resonant Enhanced Pulsed Micro-Actuators for the Control of Supersonic Impinging Jets (2012)

Recent work at the Advanced Aero-Propulsion Laboratory (AAPL) at Florida State University has produced a micro-actuator design utilizing micro scale cavity resonance phenomena for active control of various high-speed flowfields such as supersonic impinging jets and cavity flows. These micro-scale actuators are capable of producing pulsed supersonic microjets over a wide range of design frequencies which can be chosen depending on the frequencies that are relevant to the application. Pulsed microjet control has the potential to produce improved flow and/or noise control as has been shown with steady microjet control, while introducing less mean momentum into the system by actuating at the natural frequency of the system. This study focuses on the design, characterization, and implementation of these actuators into the STOVL impinging jet flowfield. The results of this implementation are compared to the no control case, steady control, and the first generation implementation of pulsed microjets into our STOVL facility. By operating these pulsed microjet actuators at 6.1 kHz, impinging tones were reduced by up to 23 dB, and overall sound pressure levels were reduced by up to 7 dB as compared to the baseline flow. Compared to steady microjet control, pulsed control showed improved reduction of discrete tones of about 5 dB and overall sound pressure levels within 2 dB of those found in the steady case. Additionally, this second generation implementation does not exhibit the new peaks generated by first generation control, and further reduces OASPL by about 5 dB.
Fat quantification in skeletal muscle using multigradient-echo imaging: Comparison of fat and water references (2015)

The precision of fat quantification in muscle tissue can be increased with maintained accuracy using a larger flip angle, if a fat reference instead of a water reference is used.
<title>Determination of biological tissue optical coefficients from the spatial or temporal scattered profile of a collimated pulsed light source</title> (1995)

A method has been developed to evaluate the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of slabs of turbid materials, biological tissues in particular, with a one step procedure. The biological tissue is transilluminated by a collimated source and the transmitted part of the signal is detected. The spatial intensity profile of the light is collected by a linear CCD. The temporal profile of an ultrashort laser pulse is measured with an ultrafast photodiode. The spatial or temporal profiles are compared to the results of Monte-Carlo simulations in order to predict the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of the investigated tissue. The validity of our photon migration model has been carefully assessed by experiments on microspheres suspensions, where exact scattering coefficient and the associated phase function have been derived from Mie theory. These results have allowed us to determine the accuracy of the method. The method has been applied to determine locally the optical coefficients of several selected slabs of biological tissues, and the validity of this approach has been verified.
Detection of<i>APC</i>Mutations in Fecal DNA from Patients with Colorectal Tumors (2002)

APC mutations can be detected in fecal DNA from patients with relatively early colorectal tumors. This feasibility study suggests a new approach for the early detection of colorectal neoplasms.
Neural-Guided Deductive Search for Real-Time Program Synthesis from Examples (2018)

Synthesizing user-intended programs from a small number of input-output examples is a challenging problem with several important applications like spreadsheet manipulation, data wrangling and code refactoring. Existing synthesis systems either completely rely on deductive logic techniques that are extensively hand-engineered or on purely statistical models that need massive amounts of data, and in general fail to provide real-time synthesis on challenging benchmarks. In this work, we propose Neural Guided Deductive Search (NGDS), a hybrid synthesis technique that combines the best of both symbolic logic techniques and statistical models. Thus, it produces programs that satisfy the provided specifications by construction and generalize well on unseen examples, similar to data-driven systems. Our technique effectively utilizes the deductive search framework to reduce the learning problem of the neural component to a simple supervised learning setup. Further, this allows us to both train on sparingly available real-world data and still leverage powerful recurrent neural network encoders. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by evaluating on real-world customer scenarios by synthesizing accurate programs with up to 12× speed-up compared to state-of-the-art systems.
The Accuracy of a New Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Algorithm: An Analysis (2010)

In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Keenan and colleagues used archival data from the STAR 1 clinical trial (Medtronic Diabetes) to support the claim that the new Veo calibration algorithm improves the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring, particularly in the critical hypoglycemic range. Extensive data analyses are presented to support this claim; the results are convincing, and the estimated improvement in hypoglycemic detection from 55% for the standard calibration to 82% for the Veo is particularly impressive. We can therefore conclude that the Veo algorithm has the potential to improve the accuracy of hypoglycemia alarms and ultimately contribute to closed-loop control. However, the presented results should be interpreted cautiously because they are based on retrospective analysis and are heavily dependent on the distribution of blood glucose levels observed in a particular data set.
Protein-Remodeling Factors As Potential Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disease (2017)

Protein misfolding is implicated in numerous neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. A unifying feature of patients with these disorders is the accumulation of deposits comprised of misfolded protein. Aberrant protein folding can cause toxicity through a loss or gain of protein function, or both. An intriguing therapeutic approach to counter these disorders is the application of protein-remodeling factors to resolve these misfolded conformers and return the proteins to their native fold and function. Here, we describe the application of protein-remodeling factors to alleviate protein misfolding in neurodegenerative disease. We focus on Hsp104, Hsp110/Hsp70/Hsp40, NMNAT, and HtrA1, which can prevent and reverse protein aggregation. While many of these protein-remodeling systems are highly promising, their activity can be limited. Thus, engineering protein-remodeling factors to enhance their activity could be therapeutically valuable. Indeed, engineered Hsp104 variants suppress neurodegeneration in animal models, which opens the way to novel therapeutics and mechanistic probes to help understand neurodegenerative disease.
Gene Therapy That Safely Targets and Kills Tumor Cells Throughout the Body (2006)

The authors studied the therapeutic value of Sindbis vectors for advanced metastatic cancer by using a variety of clinically accurate mouse models and demonstrated through imaging, histological, and molecular data that Sindbis vectors systemically and specifically infect/detect and kill metastasized tumors in vivo, leading to significant suppression of tumor growth and enhanced survival. Use of two different bioluminescent genetic markers for the IVIS Imaging System (Xenogen Corp., Alameda, CA) permitted demonstration of an excellent correlation between vector delivery and metastatic locations in vivo. Sindbis tumor specificity is not attributable to a species difference between human tumor and mouse normal cells. Sindbis virus is known to infect mammalian cells using the Mr 67,000 laminin receptor, which is elevated in tumor versus normal cells, and downregulated expression of laminin receptor with small interfering RNA significantly reduces the infectivity of Sindbis vectors. Tumor overexpression of the laminin receptor may explain the specificity and efficacy that Sindbis vectors demonstrate for tumor cells in vivo. Laser capture microdissection of mouse tumor implants showed equivalent laminin receptor expression levels in the different tumor metastases in the peritoneal cavity. Incorporation of antitumor cytokine genes such as interleukin-12 and interleukin-15 genes enhances the efficacy of the vector. These results suggest that Sindbis viral vectors may be promising agents for both specific detection and growth suppression of metastatic ovarian cancer.
Pacing and Defibrillation: Clinically Relevant Basics for Practice (2012)

A number of factors affect the heart's response to electrical stimulation, including the strength and duration of the stimulus, the type of waveform used, and the types of leads. The same holds true for the ability of a device to properly sense cardiac electrical activity. This chapter reviews the basics of pacing, sensing, and defibrillation to provide the foundation needed for clinical use of pacemakers, defibrillators, and resynchronization devices. The type of testing performed at implant, and basics regarding measuring shock dose and use of antitachycardia pacing are discussed. The effect of drugs on cardiac stimulation is also discussed.
[Quantitative determination method of nucleic acids by enzymatic amplification (PCR method) to saturation]. (1992)

We describe here conditions under which the enzymatic amplification of DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is quantitative, even when the amplification reaction is run to saturation. DNA in the sample to analyze is co-amplified with known quantities of an internal standard, namely a DNA molecule whose sequence or length differs from that of the sample DNA by only a few base pairs. The two amplification products are detected as run-off products elongated from one or several additional labelled, primers. The ratio between the two signals provides a precise estimate of the amount of specific DNA in the sample to analyze.
A fast liquid-metal droplet switch using EWOD (2007)

A novel liquid-metal (LM) droplet switch is presented, which addresses the switching speed limitation of previously reported LM switches. An actuation technique based on electrowetting-ondielectric (EWOD) gives contact line speeds of 50 cm/s. High accuracy positioning by placing the droplet inside a micro-frame allows us to fabricate devices with switching gaps as small as ˜10 μm. We report switches with switch-on latency of 60 μs and switch-off latency of 150 μs. The rise and fall time for the switched signal was measured to be below 5 μs. In preliminary tests, 1 W of power was hotswitched for 10’s of cycles without any visual degradation. Combining with the RF performance results and the inherent contact reliability of LM, we are developing microswitches for RF applications.
Absolute head media spacing measurement in situ (2006)

For the nanometer-spaced head disk interface, the demand for precision flying height (FH) measurement increases. The conventional optical FH testing technology is facing physical challenges, and the industry is seeking the alternative technology for nanometer FH test. This work proposes to use logarithmic harmonic ratio of reproduced waveform versus testing frequency to derive absolute head media spacing (HMS) in situ. The linearization process on logarithmic harmonic ratio is conducted to eliminate the gap loss term. After linearization, the calculated spacing is measured from the sensor surface to the bottom of the recording layer. If the fixed spacing between head and media is known, the physical FH can be measured through this method.
Plasma-assisted combustion in a miniature microwave plasma torch applicator (2006)

Summary form only given. A compact microwave plasma torch has been designed and experimentally evaluated for operation in both plasma-only and plasma-assisted combustion modes. The torch is designed to be light and to operate at atmospheric pressure with a torch discharge size of less than 0.5 mm in diameter. The potential applications of the torch are materials synthesis, material cutting and welding, and various surface treatments. The operation of the torch in a combustion mode with hydrocarbon gases burning with oxygen is investigated with microwave power applied to modify the combustion process. The objective of this investigation is to quantify the changes in the combustion process as microwave power is applied to create or intensify the discharge. This torch employs an open-ended coaxial structure with the discharge located at the 12 mm outer diameter tip of the 5 mm diameter center conductor. Microwave power at 2.45 GHz is coupled into the torch applicator at power levels of 10-100 watts. The discharge is formed at atmospheric pressure where the feed gas flows through a nozzle hole of 200-500 mum diameter located at the end of the center conductor. The torch is experimentally evaluated with a variety of feed gas mixtures including argon, mixtures of argon with hydrogen, argon with nitrogen, methane and oxygen, and selected other hydrocarbon gases mixed with oxygen. This torch maintains discharges over a wide range of flows from diffusion flow for gentle surface processing to high velocity flow approaching supersonic velocities. Diagnostic measurements performed include (1) gas temperature measured by optical emission spectroscopy, (2) discharge power densities (3) discharge volume and size, and (4) atomic radical species produced by the plasma-assisted combustion mode. These measurements are made versus absorbed microwave power, gas flow rate, and gas mixture composition
Thermal effects on a passive wireless antenna sensor for strain and crack sensing (2012)

For application in structural health monitoring, a folded patch antenna has been previously designed as a wireless sensor that monitors strain and crack in metallic structures. Resonance frequency of the RFID patch antenna is closely related with its dimension. To measure stress concentration in a base structure, the sensor is bonded to the structure like a traditional strain gage. When the antenna sensor is under strain/deformation together with the base structure, the antenna resonance frequency varies accordingly. The strain-related resonance frequency variation is wirelessly interrogated and recorded by a reader, and can be used to derive strain/deformation. Material properties of the antenna components can have significant effects on sensor performance. This paper investigates thermal effects through both numerical simulation and temperature chamber testing. When temperature fluctuates, previous sensor design (with a glass microfiber-reinforced PTFE substrate) shows relatively large variation in resonance frequency. To improve sensor performance, a new ceramic-filled PTFE substrate material is chosen for re-designing the antenna sensor. Temperature chamber experiments are also conducted to the sensor with new substrate material, and compared with previous design.