gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New amorphous semiconducting copolymers containing fluorene and thiophene moieties for organic thin-film transistors (2008)

New amorphous semiconducting materials consisting of fluorene-based thiophene copolymers, poly(2-(5-(9,9-dibutyl-9 H-fluoren-2-yl)-3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-5-(3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) P1 and poly(2-(5-(9,9-dibutyl-9 H-fluoren-2-yl)-4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)-5-(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) P2, have been successfully synthesized via a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) of P1 and P2 were found to be 18 300, and 15 800, respectively. These polymers dissolve in common organic solvents such as chloroform, chlorobenzene, and toluene. The UV-vis absorption maxima of P1 and P2 appeared at 436 and 427 nm in solution and 441 and 431 nm in the film state, respectively. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed no reflection peaks indicating amorphous collections of randomly oriented polymer chains. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of P1 and P2 showed amorphous film morphologies. Field-effect transistor mobilities of stable amorphous OTFTs of P1 and P2 under ambient conditions have been achieved up to 5.4 × 10−4 cm2V−1 s−1 and 1.6 × 10−4 cm2V−1 s−1, respectively. The high stability and mobility of fluorene-based thiophene copolymers in the amorphous state make them a new family of promising candidates for organic thin-film transistors.
High efficiency thermophotovoltaic microgenerators (2015)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Effects of a monounsaturated rapeseed oil and a polyunsaturated sunflower oil diet on lipoprotein levels in humans. (1992)

The effects of high oleic acid rapeseed oil compared with polyunsaturated fats on serum lipoprotein levels are largely unknown. Therefore, we fed 30 women and 29 men a baseline diet rich in saturated fat, which was followed by a diet rich in high oleic and low erucic acid rapeseed oil (total energy content of fat, 38%; saturates, 12.4%; monounsaturates, 16%; n-6 polyunsaturates, 6%; and n-3 polyunsaturates, 2%) and one rich in sunflower oil (total energy content of fat, 38%; saturates, 12.7%; monounsaturates, 10%; n-6 polyunsaturates, 13%; and n-3 polyunsaturates, 0%). The oils were incorporated into mixed natural diets that were dispensed in a random order for 3.5 weeks each in a blinded crossover design. The diet composition was confirmed by analysis of duplicate diets. Both test diets reduced serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels from baseline, the monounsaturated rapeseed oil diet more than the polyunsaturated sunflower oil diet (TC: -15% versus -12%, p less than 0.01; LDL cholesterol: -23% versus -17%, p less than 0.01). Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and total, VLDL, and LDL triglyceride levels were lower during the sunflower oil diet compared with the rapeseed oil diet. Total high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels remained unchanged by both diets. The consumption of rapeseed oil resulted in a more favorable HDL2 to LDL cholesterol ratio (0.43 +/- 0.19 versus 0.39 +/- 0.18, p less than 0.01) and an apolipoprotein A-I to B ratio (3.0 +/- 1.4 versus 2.4 +/- 1.6, p less than 0.001) than did the sunflower oil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Interactions Between hERG Potassium Channel and Blockers (2009)

The human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) potassium channel is critical to the QT interval in the human heart measured by the electrocardiogram (ECG). The blockade of hERG would induce undesired lethal arrhythmia, named torsades de pointes (TdP), a rare but life-threatening symptom. Although a large number of experimental studies on hERG have been conducted so far, knowledge of how known ligands bind to hERG still remains sketchy and has been a major hindrance in the effort to designing novel medicinal molecules devoid of hERG activity in the hope of improving drug safety. This review summarizes several studies on ligand-hERG interactions by in silico receptor-based and ligand-based modeling approaches during recent years. These efforts could aid tremendously in understanding the determinants of ligand binding to hERG channel and the molecular basis of hERG channel blockade, and offer a more rational approach for the prediction of QT-prolongation liability and for the development of novel and safe non-cardiac agents.
Survival of Avian Influenza Virus H7N2 in SPF Chickens and Their Environments (2003)

The survival or clearance of the avian influenza virus (AIV) of subtype H7N2 in its chicken host was evaluated using experimentally infected specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens of different age groups. Birds of different ages were successfully infected with infectious doses ranging between 10(4.7) and 10(5.7) ELD50 per bird. In infected birds, the infective virus was undetectable usually by the third week following exposure. The infectivity or inactivation time of the H7N2 AIV in various environmental conditions was studied using chicken manure, heat, ethanol, pH, and disinfectants. The H7N2 AIV was effectively inactivated by field chicken manure in less than a week at an ambient temperature of 15-20 degrees C. At a pH 2, heating at 56 degrees C, and exposure to 70% ethanol or a specific disinfectant, the AIV infectivity was destroyed in less than 30 min.
Iron and multiple sclerosis (2014)

Iron is essential for normal cellular functioning of the central nervous system. Abnormalities in iron metabolism may lead to neuronal death and abnormal iron deposition in the brain. Several studies have suggested a link between brain iron deposition in normal aging and chronic neurologic diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, it is still not clear whether iron deposition is an epiphenomenon or a mediator of disease processes. In this review, the role of iron in the pathophysiology of MS will be summarized. In addition, the importance of conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in the characterization of brain iron deposition in MS will be reviewed. Although there is currently not enough evidence to support clinical use of iron chelation in MS, an overview of studies of iron chelation or antioxidant therapies will be also provided.
DNA Vaccine Against Malaria: A Long Way To Go (2002)

Vaccination is the attempt to mimic certain aspects of an infection for the purpose of causing an immune response that will protect the individual from that infection. Malaria, a disease responsible for immense human suffering, is caused by infection with Plasmodium spp. parasites, which have a very complex life cycle--antigenically unique stages infect different tissues of the body. It is a parasitic disease for which no successful vaccine has been developed so far, despite considerable efforts to develop a subunit vaccine that offers protective immunity. Due to the spread of drug-resistant malaria, efforts to develop an effective vaccine have become increasingly critical. DNA vaccination provides a stable and long-lived source of protein vaccine capable of inducing both antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses to a wide variety of antigens. Injected DNA enters the cells of the host and makes the protein, which triggers the immune response. According to present needs, the flexibility of DNA vaccine technology permits the combination of multiple antigens from both the preerythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of malaria parasite. DNA vaccines with genes coding for different antigenic parts of malaria proteins have been created and presently some of these are undergoing field trials. The results from these trials will help to determine the likelihood of success of this technology in humans. This review presents an update of the studies carried out in malaria using DNA vaccine approach, the challenges, and the future prospects.
Planning techniques for airport ground operations (2003)

One of the main reasons for congestion in major airports is the taxi operation of aircraft between parking positions and runways. The development of tools to assist ground controllers in scheduling and selecting the best taxiway routes are a challenge for the future A-SMGCS (advanced surface movement, guidance and control systems) paradigm. In this work, two global optimization approaches were evaluated. A modified minimum-cost maximum-flow algorithm and a genetic algorithm are tested and discussed in order to maximize the ground airport capacity. Several operational conditions are simulated in a graph representation of Madrid-Barajas Int. Airport. Experiments show the algorithms' performance in representative ground operations. The analysis of the airport capacity and the possibility of online scheduling the airport surface operation are discussed in this work.
[Retrieval of leaf water content of winter wheat from canopy hyperspectral data using partial least square regression]. (2010)

Accurate estimation of leaf water content (LWC) from remote sensing can assist in determining vegetation physiological status, and further has important implications for drought monitoring and fire risk evaluation. This paper focuses on retrieving LWC from canopy spectra of winter wheat measured with ASD FieldSpec Pro. The experimental plots were treated with five levels of irrigation (0, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mm) in growing season, and each treatment had three replications. Canopy spectra and LWC were collected at three wheat growth stages (booting, flowering, and milking). The temporal variations of LWC, spectral reflectance, and their correlations were analyzed in detail. Partial least square regression embedded iterative feature-eliminating was designed and employed to obtain diagnostic bands and build prediction models for each stage. The results indicate that LWC decreases quickly along with the winter wheat growth. The mean values of LWC for the three stages are respectively 338.49%, 269.65%, and 230.90%. The spectral regions correlated strongly with LWC are 1 587-1 662 and 1 692-1 732 nm (booting), 617-687 and 1 447-1 467 nm (flowering), and 1 457-1 557 nm (milking). As far as the LWC prediction models are concerned, the optimum modes of spectral data are respectively logarithmic, 1st order derivative and plain reflectance. The diagnostic bands detected by PLS are from SWIR, NIR, and SWIR. Retrieval accuracy at the flowering stage is the highest (R2(cv) = 0.889) due to the enhancement of leaf water information at canopy scale via multiple scattering. At the booting and milking stage, accuracies are relatively lower (R2(cv) = 0.750, 0.696), because the retrieval of LWC is negatively affected by soil background and dry matter absorption respectively. This research demonstrated clearly that the spectral response and retrieval of LWC has distinct temporal characteristics, which should not be neglected when developing remote sensing product of crop water content in the future.
A Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Hardjo Vaccine Induces a Th1 Response, Activates NK Cells, and Reduces Renal Colonization (2011)

Chronic infection of cattle with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo reduces animal production through reproductive failure and presents a persistent health threat to workers in the animal industry. Cattle are maintenance hosts for serovar Hardjo, and development of vaccines that establish long-term protective immunity has been problematic; induction of high titers of anti-serovar Hardjo antibody does not appear to be protective. Rather, development of an antigen-specific Th1 response appears to be critical for limiting renal colonization and urinary shedding of bacteria. In this study we compared two monovalent killed bacterial cell vaccines to assess long-term (12 months) protection against live serovar Hardjo challenge. Although neither vaccine prevented infection, renal colonization and urinary shedding of bacteria were reduced compared to those of control animals. Increased proliferation of CD4(+), CD8(+), and γδ T cells from vaccinated, but not control, animals was detected. In addition, NK cells from vaccinated animals and from all animals following infection, when exposed to antigen ex vivo, demonstrated a gamma interferon (IFN-γ) recall response. We propose that programming NK cells to respond quickly to L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo infection may be an important step toward developing protective immunity.
Femtosecond microscopy of localized and propagating surface plasmons in silver gratings (2007)

Localized and propagating surface plasmons excited with 10 fs, 400 nm laser pulses in silver gratings are imaged with a sub-wavelength spatial resolution. Microscopic images of two-photon photoemission from the nanostructured silver surface representing nonlinear maps of surface plasmon fields are recorded with a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). Tuning the laser wavelength into the resonance of a silver grating enhances the emission from the propagating mode and attenuates that from the localized modes. Time-resolved interferometric PEEM movies taken at 330 as/frame intervals reveal the dynamics of the oscillation and dephasing of individual localized surface plasmons.
An Architecture for Remote Guidance Service (2015)

Modern maintenance service requires better support for maintenance teams when local maintenance personnel do not have knowledge to manage complicated maintenance tasks, but needs to be guided by a remote expert. In this paper, a software architecture for a service enabling a remote expert to guide a maintenance person via video connection is proposed. The service allows maintenance technicians to send video stream from site to remote support center, where an expert can give feedback and instructions by adding virtual objects (e.g. pointers or 3D models of the object maintained) to the video stream. The maintenance technician can see the virtual objects in the live video stream on her mobile terminal. In the proposed service, a maintenance person has a mobile terminal equipped with screen and camera (such as smartphone or tablet, in a future Augmented Reality headset), capable for sending and receiving video stream. Remote expert has a standard computer with a modern browser. Both users are connected to an application server, running a WebRTC capable media server, such as open source Kurento platform. Augmenting the virtual objects into video stream is implemented on the media server. The manipulated stream is then rerouted to the users. Previous architectures are based on either proprietary technologies (e.g. Microsoft HoloLens or native mobile terminal apps) or restricted by capabilities of the mobile terminals (e.g. browser based Augmented Reality applications). Proposed architecture allows use of the best available video manipulation technologies even if they are not implemented in the mobile terminal used.
EFFECT ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF COLLAGEN FILM/FIBER COATED AZ31 MAGNESIUM ALLOY (2013)

Magnesium is actively investigated for biodegradable implant materials because of nontoxicity and similar mechanical properties of bone. The problem of biodegradable magnesium implant is its high corrosion rate in vivo. Magnesium might be corroded and lost mechanical integrity before new bone is regenerated. The corrosion behavior of magnesium and its alloys in electrolytic physiological environment is extremely poor and it is essential to improve this limitation for their use in orthopedic applications. This paper explored collagen film/fiber coating to increase corrosion resistance and improve biocompatibility of magnesium alloy stent. This study has successfully spun-coated collagen on the magnesium surface and corrosion inhibition properties were well characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical methods. DC polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that corrosion rate of electrospun collagen coated magnesium is lower than the corrosion rate of dip-coated magnesium and blank magnesium.
Lymphokine-activated killer cell plus recombinant interleukin-2 therapy of erythroleukemia in mice. (1989)

The antileukemic effects of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells plus recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) therapy were assessed in mice with Friend virus (FV)-induced erythroleukemia. LAK cells were generated by incubating normal spleen cells for 72 hr in the presence of rIL-2 (1000 units/ml). At the time of injection, the LAK cells were cytotoxic in vitro against FV-infected fibroblasts and NK-sensitive and -resistant tumor targets but not normal controls. To determine in vivo activity, fully leukemic mice (spleen weight greater than 0.75 g) were injected with either PBS or LAK cells (10(8) cells/mouse IV at 14 and 17 days post virus) and rIL-2 (10,000 units/mouse IP every 8 hr on days 14 through 18 post virus). More than 70% of the progressively leukemic mice experienced permanent leukemia regressions (disease-free for greater than 100 days) following LAK cell plus rIL-2 therapy. Regressions were characterized by return of spleen and liver weights to normal and elimination of virus-infected erythroid (CFU-E) and macrophage (CFU-C) progenitor cells from spleen and marrow. Leukemic animals treated with either LAK cells alone or IL-2 alone experienced only transient leukemia regressions. These results demonstrate that LAK cell plus rIL-2 treatment can induce permanent regressions in progressively leukemic mice and provide a responsive and manipulable model system to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this form of immunotherapy.
Antagonism of Sexual Behavior in Female Rats by Ventromedial Hypothalamic Implants of Antiestrogen (1987)

The present experiments sought to identify brain regions in which implants of an antiestrogen would antagonize the ability of a systemic estradiol treatment to activate sexual behavior in female rats. In experiment 1, ovariectomized female rats were implanted subcutaneously with 5-mm Silastic capsules containing a 5% concentration of estradiol and injected with 500 micrograms progesterone 2 days later, 4-5 h before testing for sexual behavior. Bilateral intracranial implants of 1% crystalline concentrations of the high-affinity antiestrogens monohydroxytamoxifen (TAM) or keoxifene placed into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VM) 24 h prior to estradiol treatment significantly reduced lordosis responsivity compared with control females receiving empty cannulae. Implants of 1% TAM into the medial preoptic area or medial amygdala 24 h prior to estradiol that no significant effect on lordosis. Similarly, implants of 1% TAM into the VM 12 h after estradiol had no effect on lordosis. In experiment 2, lordosis was activated by subcutaneous implants of Silastic capsules containing 1% estradiol plus 500 micrograms progesterone. In this experiment, implants of 1% TAM into the VM 24 h prior to estradiol significantly reduced lordosis only if both cannulae tips were in, or adjacent to, the VM. Females receiving intracranial 1% TAM, but whose cannulae (even unilaterally) were outside the VM, had levels of lordosis equivalent to those of control females. Increasing the concentration of intracranial TAM to 10% virtually eliminated lordosis in females with bilateral implants in the VM, whereas females receiving intracranial 10% TAM in the region of, but outside, the VM showed no evidence of a lordosis deficit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experimental Study on Cold Source Insulation Method for Gas Hydrates with Dry Ice Sublimation Hole Bottom Freezing Sampler (2009)

In order to improve the cold insulation effect of dry ice cold source of sampler,double-layer cold insulation method for dry ice cold source was put forward.It was proved by experiment that double layer cold insulation method for dry ice cold source could greatly prolong preservation time of dry ice in the hole bottom,and this method can be applied in the sampler design.
Fully automated method for QT interval measurement in ECG (2006)

Fully automated method for QT interval measurement is presented. It includes ours: QRS detection algorithm and ECG signals preprocessing allowing suppression of power-line interference, electromyographic noise and baseline drift guaranteeing accurate preservation of the QRS-onset and T-end locality. Representative heart beat is automatically selected at the smallest difference between two consecutive RR intervals. Our method for automatic detection of QRS-onset and T-end is based on the minimum value of the angle between two segments having a common mid point and equal lengths of 10 ms. The minimum of the angle is searched in defined time intervals delineated separately for the Q and T. The method is developed with a feedback to published experts ’ markings for Q and T. The mean and standard deviations of the QT differences between our method and the experts ’ markings are 3.86‒12.52 ms. The score 25.19 for the Challenge 2006 is the second best in Division 3 1.
Thickness dependence on the thermal stability of silver thin films (2002)

This study investigates the dependence of Ag resistivity on film thickness during temperature ramping as a means to access thermal stability. In situ van der Pauw four-point probe analysis is used to determine the onset temperature; the temperature when the electrical resistivity deviates from linearity during the temperature ramp. At that point, the silver thin films become unstable due to void formation and growth during thermal annealing. The thermal stability of Ag thin films on SiO2 in a vacuum is greatest when thicknesses are greater than 85 nm. Using an Arrhenius relation in terms of onset temperature and film thickness, an activation energy (0.32±0.02 eV) for the onset of agglomeration in Ag thin films on SiO2 ramped at a rate of 0.1 °C/s is determined. This value is consistent with the activation energy for surface diffusion of silver in a vacuum, which is believed to be the dominant mechanism for agglomeration of silver thin film.
Prediction-Guided Performance-Energy Trade-off with Continuous Run-Time Adaptation (2016)

Recent work has demonstrated that prediction-guided DVFS control can significantly improve the energy efficiency of interactive applications with little to no impact on user experience when running in isolation. In this work, we propose to add an on-line learning capability to the execution-time predictor, which enables the predictor to automatically adapt to changes in the environment such as interference from other applications and be easily applied across diverse platforms. This paper introduces several techniques to address the overhead of performing on-line learning, including incremental training based on QR decomposition and explicit change detection for fast adaptation. In addition to the DVFS control, we show that the proposed prediction model can be used to intelligently select a core in a heterogeneous system. Experimental results on the ARM big.LITTLE platform show that our DVFS controller and core scheduler can effectively remove deadline misses even under significant interference from competing processes while consuming far lower energy compared to traditional schemes.
Cognitive Impairment Associated With Atrial Fibrillation (2013)

Evidence suggests that AF is associated with a higher risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, with or without a history of clinical stroke. Further studies are required to elucidate the association between AF and subtypes of dementia as well as the cause of cognitive impairment.
Photodissociation of B–N Lewis Adducts: A Partially Fused Trinaphthylborane with Dual Fluorescence (2014)

The synthesis of a planarized trinaphthylborane with partially fused structure is presented. This compound shows not only high chemical and thermal stability but also sufficient Lewis acidity to form Lewis adducts with pyridine derivatives in solution. The B-N Lewis adducts exhibit unprecedented photodissociation behavior in the excited state, reminiscent of the photogeneration of carbenium ions from triarylmethane leuco dyes. Consequently, these B-N Lewis adducts exhibit dual fluorescence emission arising from the initial tetracoordinate B-N adducts and the photodissociated tricoordinate boranes.