gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-α Agonist Treatment in a Transgenic Model of Type 2 Diabetes Reverses the Lipotoxic State and Improves Glucose Homeostasis (2003)

Abnormalities in insulin action are the characteristics of type 2 diabetes. Dominant-negative muscle-specific IGF-I receptor (MKR) mice exhibit elevated lipid levels at an early age and eventually develop type 2 diabetes. To evaluate the role of elevated lipids in the progression of the diabetic state, MKR mice were treated with WY14,643, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha agonist. WY14,643 treatment markedly reduced serum fatty acid and triglyceride levels within a few days, as well as muscle triglyceride levels, and subsequently normalized glucose and insulin levels in MKR mice. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analysis showed that WY14,643 treatment enhanced muscle and adipose tissue glucose uptake by improving whole-body insulin sensitivity. Insulin suppression of endogenous glucose production by the liver of MKR mice was also improved. The expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation was increased in liver and skeletal muscle, whereas gene expression levels of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes were decreased in WY14,643-treated MKR mice. WY14,643 treatment also improved the pattern of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the perfused pancreata of MKR mice and reduced the beta-cell mass. Taken together, these findings suggest that the reduction in circulating or intracellular lipids by activation of PPAR-alpha improved insulin sensitivity and the diabetic condition of MKR mice.
Regulation of HIV-1 Protease Activity through Cysteine Modification (1996)

The homodimeric protease of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 contains two cysteine residues per monomer which are highly conserved among viral isolates. However, these cysteine residues are not essential for catalytic activity which raises the question of why they are conserved. We have found previously that these cysteine residues are unusually susceptible to oxidation by metal ions, and this results in inhibition of protease activity. Recombinant protease mutants (C67A, C95A, and the double mutant C67A,C95A) were prepared to assess the possible role of these cysteines in redox regulation of the enzyme. Mixed disulfides were formed between the cysteine residues of the enzymes and low molecular weight thiols. Enzyme activity was lost when a mixed disulfide was formed between 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and cysteine 95, while the same mixed disulfide at cysteine 67 reduced activity by 50%. This effect was reversible as normal activity could be restored when the enzyme was treated with dithiothreitol. The cysteines could also be modified with the common cellular thiol glutathione. Modification with glutathione was verified by mass spectrometry of the protein peaks obtained from HPLC separation. Glutathiolation of cysteine 95 abolished activity whereas modification at cysteine 67 increased the k(cat) by more than 2-fold with no effect on K(m). In addition, glutathiolation at cysteine 67 markedly stabilized the enzyme activity presumably by reducing autoproteolysis. These results demonstrate one possible mechanism for regulation of the HIV-1 protease through cysteine modification and identify additional targets for affecting protease activity other than the active site.
서해 북방한계선(NLL)의 법적 정당성 (2014)

우리나라가 북한과 서해 NLL과 관련한 군사협상을 했던 시기인 2004년부터 지난 대선시기인 2012년 말까지 국내에서는 남남갈등이 심각했다. 당시에는 정부에서 법적 정당성을 제시하지 못했을 뿐만 아니라, 국민적 공감대를 형성하지도 못했다. 서해 NLL의 법적 정당성을 확인하기 위해서는 우리나라의 특수한 상황을 고려하여 한국정전협정, 남북기본합의서,...
Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein–Overexpressing Teniposide-Resistant Human Lymphomas Undergo Apoptosis by a Tubulin-Binding Agent (2008)

Several DNA- and microtubule-binding agents are used to manage hematologic malignancies in the clinic. However, drug resistance has been a challenge, perhaps due to a few surviving cancer stem cells. Toxicity is another major impediment to successful chemotherapy, leading to an impoverished quality of life. Here, we show that a semisynthetic nontoxic tubulin-binding agent, 9-bromonoscapine (EM011), effectively inhibits growth and regresses multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)-overexpressing teniposide-resistant T-cell lymphoma xenografts and prolongs longevity. As expected, teniposide treatment failed to regress teniposide-resistant xenografts, rather, treated mice suffered tremendous body weight loss. Mechanistically, EM011 displays significant antiproliferative activity, perturbs cell cycle progression by arresting mitosis, and induces apoptosis in teniposide-resistant lymphoblastoid T cells both in vitro and in vivo. EM011-induced apoptosis has a mitochondrially-mediated component, which was attenuated by pretreatment with cyclosporin A. We also observed alterations of apoptosis-regulatory molecules such as inactivation of Bcl2, translocation of BAX to the mitochondrial membrane, cytochrome c release, and activation of downstream apoptotic signaling. EM011 caused DNA degradation as evident by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling staining of the increased concentration of 3'-DNA ends. Furthermore, the apoptotic induction was caspase dependent as shown by cleavage of the caspase substrate, poly(ADP)ribose polymerase. In addition, EM011 treatment caused a suppression of natural survival pathways such as the phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase/Akt signaling. These preclinical findings suggest that EM011 is an excellent candidate for clinical evaluation.
Testing of a controller for an ETO-based STATCOM through controller hardware-in-the-loop simulation (2009)

The testing of a controller for a proposed 10 MVA STATCOM through hardware-in-the-loop experimentation is described in this paper. The electrical environment into which the STATCOM is to be inserted, including a significant portion of the utility network and a nearby wind farm are simulated using a large-scale digital real time electromagnetic transients simulator. The STATCOM controller is interfaced to the simulation, providing firing pulses to the simulated STATCOM and receiving feedback of system voltages and currents. Notional wind speed data is used to simulate realistic behavior of the wind farm. This paper presents preliminary results of the ongoing testing of the controller under the most realistic system conditions.
XIAP as a Target of New Small Organic Natural Molecules Inducing Human Cancer Cell Death (2019)

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is an emerging crucial therapeutic target in cancer. We report on the discovery and characterisation of small organic molecules from <i>Piper</i> genus plants exhibiting XIAP antagonism, namely erioquinol, a quinol substituted in the 4-position with an alkenyl group and the alkenylphenols eriopodols A-C. Another isolated compound was originally identified as gibbilimbol B. Erioquinol was the most potent inhibitor of human cancer cell viability when compared with gibbilimbol B and eriopodol A was listed as intermediate. Gibbilimbol B and eriopodol A induced apoptosis through mitochondrial permeabilisation and caspase activation while erioquinol acted on cell fate via caspase-independent/non-apoptotic mechanisms, likely involving mitochondrial dysfunctions and aberrant generation of reactive oxygen species. In silico modelling and molecular approaches suggested that all molecules inhibit XIAP by binding to XIAP-baculoviral IAP repeat domain. This demonstrates a novel aspect of XIAP as a key determinant of tumour control, at the molecular crossroad of caspase-dependent/independent cell death pathway and indicates molecular aspects to develop tumour-effective XIAP antagonists.
The Effect Of Semiconductor Processing Upon The Focusing Properties Of Fresnel Zone Plates Used As Alignment Targets (1984)

The use of Fresnel Zone Plates as alignment targets for both x-rayl and optical2 lithography has generated a need for understanding their focusing properties after they have been exposed to semiconductor processing procedures. Semiconductor processing can result in variation of radial dimensions, variation of contrast, and in variation of topography, all of which can impact upon the focusing properties. In this paper we report our measurements and calculations of the axial and radial intensity distribution of monochromatic light on zone plates used for optical alignment purposes. Measurements of the axial and radial intensity distribution were made with a conventional metallurgical microscope with the white-light source replaced with a HeNe laser. Calculations were an approximate solution of the Fresnel-Kirchoff Integral and an exact solution of Maxwell's Equations. 2 For Fresnel Zone Plates exhibiting r2 symmetry where the radii are given by rm = mAfl, m = 1,2,3.....2N, where N= the number of periods and fl = the primary focus, theory indicates that equal intensities be observed at ± fl, Ã‚Â± f3, ± f5,.....where f3, f5, are the odd submultiple foci. Even submultiples are zero. The linewidth decreases as the submultiplier increases. For a Fresnel Zone Plate with f1 = 200 microns, N=4 and X = 632.8nm, we observe equal intensities at ± f1 and ± f3 and reduced intensity at ± f5. The linewidth at fl is about a factor of ten larger than at f3. With alteration of the r2 symmetry, even-valued submultiple foci appear first, and with continued variation a total redistribution of the light along the z-axis is observed. Variation of the reflectivity of the zones, variation of the thin-film thicknesses and variation of the optical path difference bewteen zones can result in large intensity variations at the primary focus. The superposition of photoresist with neither conformal nor planarizing topography can result in loss of intensity. However, if the photoresist thickness is properly chosen this loss is not significant. Several processing examples are given.
Dramatic 2015 excess mortality in Italy: a 9.1% increase that needs to be explained (2016)

The Italian National Institute of Statistics released mortality data for 2015 in February 2016. These data reported a 9.1% excess mortality compared with 2014, corresponding to 54,000 excess deaths, the highest reported mortality rate (10.7 per 1000 population) since the Second World War. These figures confirmed the alarming news of an estimated 11.3% increase in mortality for the first three months of 2015, which received much media coverage in December 2015. Analysis from other independent national and regional sources confirmed this trend and estimated the excess mortality to have mainly affected people aged ⩾65 years, with two seasonal … Language: en
A Decentralized Personal Data Store based on Ethereum: Towards GDPR Compliance (2019)

Sharing personal data with service providers is a fundamental resource for the times we live in. But data sharing represents an unavoidable issue, due to improper data treatment, lack of users' awareness to whom they are sharing with, wrong or excessive data sharing from end users who ignore they are exposing personal information. The problem becomes even more complicate if we try to consider the devices around us: how to share devices we own, so that we can receive pervasive services, based on our contexts and device functionalities. The European Authority has provided the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in order to implement protection of sensitive data in each EU member, throughout certification mechanisms (according to Art. 42 GDPR). The certification assures compliance to the regulation, which represent a mandatory requirement for any service which may come in contact with sensitive data. Still the certification is an open process and not constrained by strict rule. In this paper we describe our decentralized approach in sharing personal data in the era of smart devices, being those considered sensitive data as well. Having in mind the centrality of users in the ownership of the data, we have proposed a decentralized Personal Data Store prototype, which stands as a unique data sharing endpoint for third party services. Even if blockchain technologies may seem fit to solve the issue of data protection, because of the absence of a central authority, they lay to additional concerns especially relating such technologies with specifications described in the regulation. The current work offers a contribution in the advancements of personal data sharing management systems in a distributed environment by presenting a real prototype and an architectural blueprint, which advances the state of the art in order to meet the GDPR regulation. Address those arisen issues, from a technological perspective, stands as an important challenge, in order to empower end users in owning their personal data for real.
Droplet Departure Characteristics and Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer at Low Steam Pressure (2016)

Dropwise condensation has received significant attention due to its great potential to enhance heat transfer by the rapid droplet removal. In this work, droplet departure characteristics on a vertical surface, especially the droplet departure retention at low steam pressure and its effect on the heat transfer performance are investigated experimentally. The energy dissipation increases during droplet movement due to the increased viscosity at low pressure. Droplet oscillation caused by excess kinetic energy weakens and the dynamic contact angle (CA) hysteresis becomes apparent, which is not beneficial to droplet departure. Condensed droplets grow larger and fall more slowly at low pressure compared to that at atmospheric pressure. The droplet moves smoothly downward once it grows to departure size at atmospheric pressure while the droplet exhibits an intermittent motion at low pressure. Based on the droplet departure characteristics, a unified heat transfer model for dropwise condensation is developed by introducing the pressure-dependent departure velocity. The modified model very well predicts heat transfer performances at various pressures and the nonlinearity of heat flux varying with surface subcooling is quantitatively explained. This work provides insights into the heat transfer mechanism of dropwise condensation and offers a new avenue to further enhance heat transfer at low steam pressure.
Design and Simulation of a high performance Emergency data delivery Protocol (2007)

The purpose of this project was to design a high performance data delivery protocol, capable of delivering data as quickly as possible to a base station or target node. This protocol was designed particularly for wireless network topologies, but could also be applied towards a wired system. An emergency is defined as any event with high priority that needs to be handled immediately. It is assumed that this emergency event is important enough that energy efficiency is not a factor in our protocol. The desired effect is for fast as possible delivery to the base station for rapid event handling.
How to sign multiple versions of digital documents (2017)

In some applications, it is useful to record multiple versions of digital documents, so that we can trace the history and changes applied to the documents. The creators of the documents are often required to sign the documents to protect the origin and integrity of the documents. A typical implementation of the signature method is by using a standard signature scheme (i.e. RSA) and storing the signature along with the document. The version numbers of the documents are appended to the documents before signing. The problem is, when we need to sign many versions of the documents, the signer should create the signature of each version, which is not efficient in term of the storage. In this paper, we propose a more efficient method to sign multiple version of digital document and show the security argument of the signature scheme.
Física y Energía (2013)

Este numero especial de la Revista Espanola de Fisica pretende en cierto modo ser una continuacion del publicado hace ahora dos anos. Asi como en aquel numero la tecnica energetica que recibio un tratamiento mas extenso fue la biomasa, en la edicion actual, el papel preponderante corresponde a la energia solar.
Silexan in anxiety disorders: Clinical data and pharmacological background (2017)

Silexan is a safe and effective treatment in anxiety disorders.
<b>Customer centred community application design</b> : Introduction of the means‐end chain framework for product design of community applications (2002)

Abstract This paper discusses the application of the means‐end chain (MEC) framework for investigating customers cognitive”; structure regarding community applications. It is argued that the understanding of customers cognition is crucial for the development of sustainable communities. MEC analysis is seen as a mean to support the community design tasks, especially concept development. The MEC analysis within concept development helps to improve the success rate of a newly designed community by the early integration of customer needs and benefits. Based on theoretical considerations about the MEC framework and its limitations a case study regarding an information community is illustrated. Data was collected conducting individual laddering interviews online at a major information portal in Germany. Dividing answers into attributes, consequences, and values and using content analysis hierarchical value maps (HVM) for both, messaging applications and information ‐portals, were constructed. To support concept development of a new information community, as a distribution platform for content, the findings of both HVMs were considered. Examples illustrate, that the MEC analysis helps to create a community concept that is focused on the targeted customers. It is supporting the creative process of finding community functions and features that are fitting or can be linked to the existing cognitive structures.
A latch-up-free CMOS RAM cell with well-source structure (1987)

A well-source structure that provides a design goal for enhancing latchup immunity in VLSI full CMOS RAM without additional fabrication steps and performance degradations is described. The key features are to supply a cell power charge from n-well and to arrange cell power lines in such a way as to prevent the parasitic p-n-p transistor from turning on. The availability of the well-source structure was examined by using test devices and 64-kb full-CMOS RAM chips fabricated with 2-/spl mu/m n-well technology. No latchup was induced in a cell array portion with the well-source structure. Sixfold increase in the latchup immunity was observed for the RAM with the well-source structure versus the RAM with the conventional cell design.
Modeling the Electrochemical Hydrogen Oxidation and Evolution Reactions on the Basis of Density Functional Theory Calculations (2010)

Density functional theory calculations have been performed for the three elementary steps−Tafel, Heyrovsky, and Volmer−involved in the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and its reverse, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). For the Pt(111) surface a detailed model consisting of a negatively charged Pt(111) slab and solvated protons in up to three water bilayers is considered and reaction energies and activation barriers are determined by using a newly developed computational scheme where the potential can be kept constant during a charge transfer reaction. We determine the rate limiting reaction on Pt(111) to be Tafel−Volmer for HOR and Volmer−Tafel for HER. Calculated rates agree well with experimental data. Both the H adsorption energy and the energy barrier for the Tafel reaction are then calculated for a range of metal electrodes, including Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, Ir, Rh, Co, Ru, Re, W, Mo, and Nb, different facets, and step of surfaces. We compare the results for different facets of the Pt electrode to experimental data. Our results suggest that the most important parameter for describing the HOR or the HER activity of an electrode is its binding free energy of H. We present a detailed kinetic model based entirely on the density functional theory calculations reactions and show that the exchange current follows a volcano curve when plotted against the H adsorption free energy in excellent agreement with experimental data.
Improved Methodology for Turbine Engine Emission Measurements (2002)

Whether the intended application of a gas turbine engine is aero-propulsion or power production, the engine exhaust gas emissions must comply with all applicable air quality regulations. For an aircraft gas turbine engine, the current range of certifiable operating conditions includes the landing and takeoff cycle. For a stationary, power-producing engine the range of operating conditions is narrow, but there is increasing interest in measurements of speciated hydrocarbons and other species that pose health and environmental hazards. Existing emission measurement methodologies are time consuming and expensive. An engine emissions survey was performed on a JT-12 engine at Middle Tennessee State University using a new integrated rapid sampling, measurement, and analysis system. Improved methodologies should be considered for turbine engine emissions certification.
Enhancing plant growth and fiber production by silencing GA 2-oxidase (2010)

Enhancing plant height and growth rates is a principal objective of the fiber, pulp, wood and biomass product industries. Many biotechnological systems have been established to advance that task with emphasis on increasing the concentration of the plant hormone gibberellin, or on its signalling. In this respect, the most studied gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme is the GA 20-oxidase which catalyses the rate limiting step of the pathway. Overexpression of the gene resulted in an excessively high activity of the gibberellin deactivating enzyme, GA 2-oxidase. Consequently, this feedback regulation limits the intended outcome. We assume that silencing GA 2-oxidase transcription would abolish this antithetical effect, thereby allowing greater gibberellin accumulation. Here, we show that silencing the gibberellin deactivating enzyme in tobacco model plants results in a dramatic improvement of their growth characteristics, compared with the wild type and GA 20-oxidase over-expressing plants. Moreover, the number of xylem fiber cells in the silenced lines exceeded that of GA 20-oxidase over-expressing plants, potentially, making GA 2-oxidase silencing more profitable for the wood and fiber industries. Interestingly, crossing GA 20-oxidase over-expressing plants with GA 2-oxidase silenced plants did not yield consequential additive effects. Our findings unveil the benefits of silencing GA 2-oxidase to substantially increase tobacco growth and fiber production, which suggest using this approach in cultivated forest plantations and industrial herbaceous plants, worldwide.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty of an Acetabular Cup with Acetabular Bone Defects (2011)

Recently, the incidence of revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) has increased following primary THA. Bone stock deficiency presents the major challenge in acetabular reconstruction during revision hip arthroplasty. The reasons for such acetabular defects include osteolysis, bone resportion following cup loosening, iatrogenic damage resulting from cup or cement removal during revision THA, and cup migration. The pre-operative assessment of acetabular bone stock, including the amount and location of pelvic osteolysis before revision surgery, is a critical preoperative preparation for the treatment of bone deficiency. In cases with mild acetabular defects, a variety of surgical options are available for treating. However, in cases with severe segmental, cavitary, or combined acetabular defects, controversies have existed so far about the most optimal treatment. Thereby, we tend to introduce the most commonly-adopted classification system of acetabular defects and management options using high hip center cups, oblong cups, structural allografts, morselized allografts with bipolar cups, morselized allografts with cementless cups, morselized allografts with acetabular reinforcement devices, and revisions with trabecular metal augmentations.