gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The design and implementation of a distributed file system based on shared network storage (1997)

Distributed file systems allow users to access and share files from any computer connected to the distributed system. Distributed file systems typically do not achieve the same level of performance that local file systems provide due to the demands of resource sharing. For workloads with large storage capacity requirements, poor performance of distributed file systems often overshadows the benefits of transparent file sharing.
Traditional network and channel interfaces differ in performance, connectivity, and connection distance. By merging network and channel interfaces, resulting interfaces allow multiple computers to physically share storage devices. Computers service local file requests directly from network attached storage devices. Direct device access eliminates server machines as bottlenecks to performance and availability. Communication is unnecessary between computers, since each machine views storage as locally attached.
This dissertation presents a distributed file system design based on a shared network storage architecture. The architecture distributes user workloads and file system resources across the entire system. Functions once performed by server computers are redistributed to clients and storage devices. The design brings responsibilities, such as caching and consistency management, closer to hardware, so that these functions execute faster and more reliably.
The Global File System (GFS) is a distributed file system prototype built upon Fibre Channel networks. GFS is implemented in the Silicon Graphics IRIX operating system and is accessed using standard UNIX commands and utilities. GFS uses a consistency mechanism that is prototyped on Seagate disk drives and Ciprico disk arrays. This dissertation describes the architecture and implementation of the file system design. Performance analysis is given for the file system prototype in large data demand environments.
Inorganic cation exchange properties of ZSM-5 (1982)

The unique nature of ZSM-5 as a catalyst and as a zeolite has been well documented (1-3), as shown by the wide spectrum of chemistry it can catalyze as well as the wide range of morphologies and composition in which it can be synthesized. In addition, ZSM-5 exhibits ion exchange properties that, in some cases, are very different from other zeolites. Results from the study of these ion exchange characteristics have been used effectively in developing optimal methods for conversion of ZSM-5 into catalytic forms and in supplying information concerning the zeolite structure not discernible by other techniques that could lead to more active, selective and stable catalysts. The structure of ZSM-5 has been determined by Kokotailo et al. (4). Its framework contains a novel configuration of linked SiO/sub 2/ and A1/sub 2/O/sub 3/ tetrahedra as groups of five-membered rings. The skeletal diagrams of the (010) and (100) faces of a ZSM-5 unit cell are shown in Figures 1a and 1b revealing the two channels structures. The elliptical 10-membered ring apertures, shown in Figure 1a, are the entrances to the straight channels which run parallel to (010). The nearly circular 10 membered ring apertures, shown in Figure 1b, are themore » entrances to the sinusoidal channels which run parallel to (100). ZSM-5, in the as synthesized form, is not readily susceptible to ion exchange due to the hindrance from bulky quaternary cations and occluded organic materials which are believed to be located in the channel system. Incoming and outgoing ions all have to pass through the channels and apertures to complete the ion exchange process. Therefore, in order to obtain intrinsic ion exchange information, these bulky organics must be removed and replaced by smaller cations such as Na/sup +/ or NH/sub 4//sup +/. The method of removal of the organics used in this study was by thermal treatment although chemical treatment is also an effective mode of removal.« less
Large Size Straight-Tube Coriolis Flowmeters (2011)

Large size Coriolis flowmeters up to 10-inch (or DN250) have been developed using the latest twin straight-ttube technology. The development of the flow sensors employs a virtual prototyping approach based on numerical simulation. Design is optimised to achieve good flow and density measurement performance. Additional temperature sensors and strain gauges are also attached on the flow tube to provide correction information under non-reference conditions. A specially designed water flow rig is used by the manufacturer to calibrate large size Coriolis flowmeters according to weigh scales traceable to national standards. Extensive tests in the manufacturer's internal flow rigs and external flow rigs have been performed. The test results confirm the flowmeters' performance and prove their capability for custody transfer applications.
Synthesis of 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐5‐oxopyrido[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidine‐6‐carbonitriles and ‐6‐carboxylic acid esters (1975)

Abstract Dieckmann ring closure reactions of 4‐[(2‐cyanoethyl)substituted amino]‐2‐phenyl‐5‐pyrimidinecarboxylates (Ha‐f) afforded several 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐5‐oxo‐2‐phenylpyrido[2,3 ‐d] pyrimidine‐6‐ carbonitriles (IIIa‐f). The open‐chain intermediates (IIa‐f) were prepared by dechloroamination of 5‐carbethoxy‐4‐chloro‐2‐phenylpyrimidine (1a) with several 3‐substituted amino‐ propionitriles. Alkylation of the sodium salt of 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐8‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐pyrido[2,3 ‐d] pyrimidine‐6‐ carbonitrile (IIIa) with methyl iodide in DMF resulted in methylation at C‐6 to afford IV. Tosylation of IIIa in pyridine gave the corresponding tosyl ester (V) of the enolic form. Oxidative dehydrogenation at the 6,7‐position resulted when IIIa reacted with thionyl chloride, affording 5,8‐dihydro‐8‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐2‐phenylpyrido[2,3 ‐d] pyrimidine‐6‐ carbonitrile (VII). Dechloroamination of la or 5‐carbethoxy‐4‐chloro‐2‐methylthiopyrimidine (Ib) with ethyl 3‐ethylaminopropionate followed by Dieckmann cyclization of the resulting open‐chain intermediates gave the corresponding ethyl 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐5‐oxopyrido[2,3 ‐d] pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylates IX'a and IX'b, respectively. These exist predominately in the enol form and undergo alkylation and oxidation reactions similar to IIIa.
Ion liquid chromatography on-a-chip with beads-packed parylene column (2004)

A parylene-MEMS ion-exchange Liquid Chromatography (LC) chip is presented here. The chip is integrated with microfluidic I/O ports, a separation column, frits/filters, and a conductivity detector. The column is packed with conventional LC stationary phase support materials, i.e. micro-beads with surface functional groups. To withstand high pressure normally encountered in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a self-aligned, channel-anchoring technique is developed to increase the pressure rating of the parylene microfluidic devices from 30 to at least 800psi. On-chip injection, separation and detection of anions in water, with /spl sim/25 ppm concentration, have been successfully demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of microbeads-packed column ion liquid Chromatography (LC) on a chip.
Enhancement of nucleoside phosphorylation activity in an acid phosphatase (2002)

Escherichia blattae non-specific acid phosphatase (EB-NSAP) possesses a pyrophosphate-nucleoside phosphotransferase activity, which is C-5'-position selective. Current mutational and structural data were used to generate a mutant EB-NSAP for a potential industrial application as an effective and economical protein catalyst in synthesizing nucleotides from nucleosides. First, Gly74 and Ile153 were replaced by Asp and Thr, respectively, since the corresponding replacements in the homologous enzyme from Morganella morganii reduced the K(m) value for inosine and thus increased the productivity of 5'-IMP. We determined the crystal structure of G74D/I153T, which has a reduced K(m) value for inosine, as expected. The tertiary structure of G74D/I153T was virtually identical to that of the wild-type. In addition, neither of the introduced side chains of Asp74 and Thr153 is directly involved in the interaction with inosine in a hypothetical binding mode of inosine to EB-NSAP, although both residues are situated near a potential inosine-binding site. These findings suggested that a slight structural change caused by an amino acid replacement around the potential inosine-binding site could significantly reduce the K(m) value. Prompted by this hypothesis, we designed several mutations and introduced them to G74D/I153T, to decrease the K(m) value further. This strategy produced a S72F/G74D/I153T mutant with a 5.4-fold lower K(m) value and a 2.7-fold higher V(max) value as compared to the wild-type EB-NSAP.
Open Pinned-Phase CCD Technology (1989)

Multi-phase CCDs have traditionally exhibited very poor sensitivity in the UV, EUV and soft x-ray due to the absorbing polysilicon layers associated with the technology. To bypass the problem, CCD manufacturers have been forced to either thin and back illuminate the sensor or deposit UV sensitive organic phosphor coatings. Virtual-phase technology however has resolved the frontside QE dilemma by leaving half of the pixel "open" by employing a "virtual electrode" allowing photons to enter into the photosensitive bulk silicon unimpeded. Unfortunately, unlike multi-phase CCDs, virtual-phase detectors typically have limited usage in low signal-level applications because of CTE and readout noise impediments. To circumvent these problem areas, a novel CCD technology referred to as open pinned-phase (OPP) was invented, the subject of this paper. Discussion includes design and process features of an OPP-CCD that are focused to unite multi- and virtual phase technologies. The new CCD promises to deliver high frontside sensitivity in conjunction with ultra-low signal level performance.
An identity based encryption using elliptic curve cryptography for secure M2M communication (2012)

In this paper we discuss the suitability of Identity Based (IDB) Cryptosystems to solve privacy and security issues in Machine to Machine (M2M) communications for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Present day Information and Communication Technology is driven by smart digital devices connected to each other via Internet. The purpose of IoT is to control or access these smart digital devices through the Internet securely. So for this, we suggest IDB which is essentially certificate less. This interesting concept was first developed by Shamir [15] for Identity based signature scheme. Later on Boneh and Franklin et.al [11] extended this concept to develop schemes for encryption and decryption based on Weil pairing on elliptic curves. Presently IDB has emerged as an international standard (IEEE 1363.3).
Specific inhibition of serine/arginine-rich protein kinase attenuates choroidal neovascularization. (2013)

SRPIN340, a specific inhibitor of SRPK, suppressed Vegf expression and attenuated CNV formation. Our data suggest the possibility that SRPIN340 is applicable for neovascular age-related macular degeneration as a novel chemical therapeutics.
Effect of Inlet Flow Angle on Gas Turbine Blade Tip Film Cooling (2007)

The influence of incidence angle on film cooling effectiveness is studied for a cutback squealer blade tip. Three incidence angles are investigated — 0° at design condition and ± 5° at off-design conditions. Based on mass transfer analogy, the film cooling effectiveness is measured with pressure sensitive paint (PSP) techniques. The film cooling effectiveness distribution on pressure side near tip region, squealer cavity floor and squealer rim tip is presented for the three incidence angles at varying blowing ratios. The average blowing ratio is controlled to be 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0. One row of shaped holes are provide along the pressure side just below the tip; two rows of cylindrical film cooling holes are arranged on the blade tip in such a way that one row offset to the suction side profile and the other row is along the camber line. The pressure side squealer rim wall is cut near the trailing edge to allow the accumulated coolant in the cavity to escape and cool the tip trailing edge. The internal coolant-supply passages of the squealer tipped blade are modeled similar to those in the GE-E3 rotor blade. Test is done in a five-blade linear cascade in a blow down facility with a tip gap clearance of 1.5% of the blade span. The Mach number and turbulence intensity level at the cascade inlet was 0.23 and 9.7%, respectively. It is observed that the incidence angle affects the coolant jet direction on the pressure side near tip region and blade tip. The film cooling effectiveness distribution is altered. The peak of laterally averaged effectiveness is shifted to upstream or downstream depending on the off-design incidence angles. The film cooling effective inside the tip cavity can be increased up to 25% with the positive incidence angle. However, in general, the overall area averaged film cooling effectiveness is not significantly changed by the incidence angles in the range of study.
Design and performance of a distributed aperture millimeter-wave imaging system using optical upconversion (2009)

Passive imaging using millimeter waves (mmWs) has many advantages and applications in the defense and security markets. All terrestrial bodies emit mmW radiation and these wavelengths are able to penetrate smoke, blowing dust or sand, fog/clouds/marine layers, and even clothing. One primary obstacle to imaging in this spectrum is that longer wavelengths require larger apertures to achieve the resolutions typically desired in surveillance applications. As a result, lens-based focal plane systems tend to require large aperture optics, which severely limit the minimum achievable volume and weight of such systems. To overcome this limitation, a distributed aperture detection scheme is used in which the effective aperture size can be increased without the associated volumetric increase in imager size. However, such systems typically require high frequency (~ 30 - 300 GHz) signal routing and down conversion as well as large correlator banks. Herein, we describe an alternate approach to distributed aperture mmW imaging using optical upconversion of the mmW signal onto an optical carrier. This conversion serves, in essence, to scale the mmW sparse aperture array signals onto a complementary optical array. The optical side bands are subsequently stripped from the optical carrier and optically recombined to provide a real-time snapshot of the mmW signal. In this paper, the design tradeoffs of resolution, bandwidth, number of elements, and field of view inherent in this type of system will be discussed. We also will present the performance of a 30 element distributed aperture proof of concept imaging system operating at 35 GHz.
Discovery and Development of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Vericiguat for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure (2022)

Vericiguat belongs to a novel class of drugs termed soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators. Upon binding to sGC these drugs lead to concentration dependent production of the second messenger cGMP. Since nitric oxide (NO)/sGC signaling is impaired in heart failure and other cardiovascular (CV) diseases, vericiguat can restore this dysfunctional NO/sGC signaling. Preclinical and clinical data strongly suggest that vericiguat as confirmed in the recent VICTORIA phase 3 trial does improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure and maybe other CV diseases. This chapter describes the medicinal chemistry journey toward vericiguat in detail and also summarizes preclinical and clinical studies conducted.
<title>Analog autofocus circuit design for scanning microscopy</title> (1997)

The description of an analog autofocus circuit design, developed for a scanning microscope, is presented. The analog circuit measures the degree of focus directly from the video signal of the microscope CCD camera. The circuit then returns an index to the host computer for the purpose of adjusting the position of the objective lens to bring the object in focus. Best focus is found by comparing indices at several different vertical positions. The criterion adopted for determining the degree of focus is derived from the energy distribution of the video signal spectrum. The high frequency energy of the video spectrum is a maximum at best focus and as the optics defocus, the distribution shifts to lower frequencies. A previous digital autofocus implementation required dedicated real time image processing hardware. Real time autofocus is an order of magnitude less expensive with the analog circuitry described here than it was with the dedicated digital pipeline image processing. The characteristics of the analog design and its performance are compared to that of the previous digital implementation.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ENTEROBACTIN VIA AN ORGANOTIN TEMPLATE (1983)

Abstract Enterobactin (V) läßt sich ausgehend von L‐N‐Tritylserin (I) durch Kondensation von (II) mit dem Stann‐ "oxan (III) gemäß Formelschema in wenigen Reaktionsschritten darstellen.
Cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) mutations associated with the domestic cat AB blood group (2007)

Mutations in type B cats likely disrupt the gene function of CMAH, leading to a predominance of NeuAc. Type AB concordant variants were not identified, however, cDNA species suggest an alternative allele that activates a downstream start site, leading to a CMAH protein that would be altered at the 5' region. The cat AB blood group system is proposed to be designated by three alleles, A > aab > b. The A and b CMAH alleles described herein can distinguish type A and type B cats without blood sample collections. CMAH represents the first blood group gene identified outside of non-human primates and humans.
Non-convex prior image constrained compressed sensing (NC-PICCS) (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new image reconstruction algorithm for dynamic data, termed non-convex prior image constrained compressed sensing (NC-PICCS). It generalizes the prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) algorithm with the use of non-convex priors. Here, we concentrate on perfusion studies using computed tomography examples in simulated phantoms (with and without added noise) and in vivo data, to show how the NC-PICCS method holds potential for dramatic reductions in radiation dose for time-resolved CT imaging. We show that NC-PICCS can provide additional undersampling compared to conventional convex compressed sensing and PICCS, as well as, faster convergence under a quasi-Newton numerical solver.
Fabrication, Characterization and Applications of Crystalline Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators (2007)

We review recent progress in fabrication, characterization, and applications of ultra-high-Q crystalline whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators. We report on the experimental observations of power-dependent, non-exponential decay of light stored in WGMs caused by stimulated Raman scattering in the resonator host material. We show that a proper thermal annealing leads to a significant increase of the quality factors of the resonators. Finally, we demonstrate optical continuous wave parametric oscillations in lithium niobate WGM resonators.
Applying machine learning to automated information graphics generation (2002)

Information graphics, which include graphs, charts, and diagrams, are visual illustrations that facilitate human comprehension of information. In this paper, we present our work on applying machine learning to the automated generation of information graphics. Our approach is embodied in a hybrid graphics generation systemIMPROVISE*, which uses both rule-based and example-based generation engines. We discuss the use of machine learning to support such systems from three aspects. First, we introduce an object-oriented, integrated hierarchical feature representation for annotating information graphics. Second, we describe how to use decision-tree learning to automatically extract design rules from a set of annotated graphic examples. Our results demonstrate that we can acquire, with quantitative confidence, concise rules that are difficult to obtain in handcrafted rules. Third, we present a case-based learning method to retrieve matched graphic examples based on user requests. Specifically, we use a semantics-based, quantitative visual similarity measuring algorithm to retrieve the top-k matched examples from a visual database. To help users browse a graphics database and understand the inherent relations among different examples, we combine our similarity measuring model with a hierarchical clustering algorithm to dynamically organize our graphic examples based on user interests.
Velocity estimation from monocular video for automotive applications using convolutional neural networks (2017)

We aim to determine the speed of ego-vehicle motion from a video stream. Previous work by Konda et al. [1] has shown that motion can be detected and quantified with the help of a synchrony autoencoder, which has multiplicative gating interactions introduced between its hidden units, and hence, across video frames. In this work we modify their synchrony autoencoder method to achieve a ”real time” performance in a wide variety of driving environments. Our modifications led to a model which is 1.5 times faster and uses only half of the total memory by comparison with the original. We also benchmark the speed estimation performance against a model based on CaffeNet. CaffeNet is known for visual classification and localization but we employ its architecture with a little tweak for speed determination using sequential video frames and blur patterns. We evaluate our models on self-collected data, KITTI, and other standard sets.
Achromatic and Uncoupled Medical Gantry (2015)

One of the functions of a medical gantry is to irradiate a tumor from different angles to reduce the dose received by the healthy tissue which surrounds the tumor. The rotation of the gantry rotates also its quadrupoles that focus the beam, as a result the beam is “coupled” in the sense that the horizontal motion of the beam particles is affected by the vertical motion and vice-versa therefore the beam spot size at the tumor may vary with the angular orientation of the gantry. Although such a beam-coupling is inevitable in a rotated gantry in which the horizontal plane is not the symmetry plane of the quadrupoles, it is possible to find a solution that the optics of the gantry“appears uncoupled” at any angular orientation of the gantry. As we show in the paper, the condition of an uncoupled gantry is equivalent to an uncoupled linear-beam-transport-matrix which is independent of the angular orientation of the gantry, therefore the beam spot size at the location of the tumor is independent of the orientation of the gantry. In this paper we present the theoretical basis to generate the beam optics for a gantry which is constrained to provide uncoupled and also achromatic beamtransport to the location of the tumor. In addition we present the layout of the magnetic elements and the optics of a medical gantrywhich satisfies the achromaticity and uncoupled conditions.