gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of the mechanical behavior during programming of a non-volatile phase-change memory cell using a coupled electrical-thermal-mechanical finite-element simulator (2007)

During programming of a phase-change memory cell, the material is locally heated up to high temperatures (>600degC), to induce phase transitions as crystallization (SET) or amorphization by quenched cooling (RESET). In this work, the thermo-mechanical stresses induced in a line-type phase-change memory cell were examined using electrical-thermal-mechanical coupled finite-element simulation. Specific procedures are described, for implementing particular mechanical characteristics of the phase-change material, i.e. the volume change on crystallization, the relaxation and the phase-dependent Young moduli. Their respective effects during SET and RESET programming are investigated.
Intergeneric transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid killer plasmids, pGKl1 and pGKl2, from Kluyveromyces lactis into Saccharomyces cerevisiae by cell fusion (1981)

Two novel linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids, pGKl1 and pGKl2, were isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. K. lactis strains harboring the pGK1 plasmids killed a certain group of yeasts, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces italicus, Saccharomyces rouxii, K. lactis, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Kluyvermyces vanudenii, Torulopsis glabrata, Candida utilis, and Candida intermedia. In this experiment, the pGKl1 and pGKl2 plasmids were intergenerically transferred from a K. lactis killer strain into a non-killer (killer-sensitive) strain of S. cerevisiae by the use of a protoplast fusion technique. Both of the pGKl plasmids replicated autonomously and stably in the new host cells of S. cerevisiae and could coexist with the resident 2-micrometers deoxyribonucleic acid plasmid. The S. cerevisiae cells which accepted the pGKl plasmids expressed the same killer phenotype as that of the donor K. lactis killer and became resistant to the K. lactis killer. The pGKl plasmids existing in the S. cerevisiae cells were cured by treatment with ethidium bromide, and the killer and resistance characters were simultaneously lost. From there results, it was concluded that both the killer and the resistance genes are located on the pGKl plasmids.
Reply: ‘S’ means stop! Critical examination of capsular tension ring movements with Miyake-Apple video analysis (2021)

We thank Cho et al. for their interest in our article. Our research demonstrated that a capsular tension ring (CTR) will make predictable, cardinal movements during implantation. These observations were first made in surgery, then tested with Miyake-Apple video analysis. To summarize our findings, as the CTR exits the injector, the body of the CTR will be adjacent to the side of the injector lumen on the inner diameter of the ring while deployed. As the CTR makes contact with the capsular bag, it shifts across the lumen to the opposite side until fully deployed. These movements predictably occur with atraumatic implantations. Deviation from these movements may be an early indicator of a traumatic insertion. Cho et al. have suggested a maneuver that has been described in the literature; however, it is a good point and worth repeating.1,2 After the capsular bag is filled with an ophthalmic viscosurgical device, the CTR should make contact with the capsule at the lowest angle of incidence possible to minimize stress on the zonular fibers. For a clockwise insertion, the surgeon should direct the angle of the injector to the left within the incision. This maneuver will create a lower angle of incidence for the CTR as it approaches the fornix of the capsular bag, thus minimizing stress on the zonular fibers. To address the suggestion that at the first signs of “excessive zonular stress” to withdraw the injector slightly and angle it to “keep the CTR on adjacent to the side of the inner diameter of the lumen” throughout the implantation, we cannot confirm. Our surgical observations and experiments found that when the CTR is in contact with the capsular bag after a significant length of the CTR body is in contact with the capsular bag during deployment, it will shift to the opposite side of the lumen despite the angle of attack. However, this was not a specific objective of our research, and we did not isolate angle of attack as a variable for potential influence on the cardinal movements. Caution should be used regarding the suggestion to withdraw the injector from the eye in a case of suspected CTR entanglement. If the CTR is truly entangled, withdrawing the injector could damage the zonular fibers. If entanglement has occurred, one might consider first reversing the CTR back toward the injector to detangle it and add more ophthalmic viscosurgical devices before withdrawing the injector. In general, it is preferred to have as little of the injector tip in the eye as necessary for CTR deployment.
Si-CMOS compatible materials and devices for mid-IR microphotonics (2013)

CMOS compatible mid-Infrared (mid-IR) microphotonics including (1) broadband SOUP (Silicon on Oxide Undercladding Pedestal) waveguides; and (2) mid-IR transparent chalcogenide glass (ChGs) waveguides monolithically integrated with a PbTe thin film photodetector; are demonstrated. Using a pedestal undercladding geometry we obtain an optical loss for our Si waveguide which is 10 dB/cm lower compared to other waveguides using planar SiO2 cladding at lambda = 5 mu m, and a fundamental mode is seen over a broad mid-IR spectral range. To realize a fully integrated mid-IR on-chip system, in parallel, we develop PbTe thin film detectors that can be deposited on various mid-IR platforms through a thermal evaporation technique, offering high photoresponsivity of 25 V/W from lambda = 1 mu m to 4 mu m. The detector can be efficiently integrated, using a suitable spacer, to an underlying Chalcogenide glass (ChGs) waveguide. Our results of low loss waveguides and integrated thin film detectors enable Si-CMOS microphotonics for mid-IR applications.
Photonic crystal fiber metalens enabled by geometric phase optical metasurfaces (2018)

We demonstrate an in-fiber chromatic metalens that can focus light upon exiting the fiber with numerical-aperture of 0.3714 at wavelength of 1550 nm by integrating geometric phase metasurface on the end-facet of photonic crystal fiber.
Azo polymers for reversible optical storage. 2. Poly[4'-[[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]ethylamino]-2-chloro-4-nitroazobenzene] (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzo polymers for reversible optical storage. 2. Poly[4'-[[2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]ethylamino]-2-chloro-4-nitroazobenzene]A. Natansohn, S. Xie, and P. RochonCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 20, 5531–5532Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00046a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00046a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diamond Deposition by Multi-cathode DC PACVD (1997)

Diamond deposition by multi-cathode DC PACVD has been investigated. Five cathodes were independently connected to their own DC power supplies. The voltage and current of each cathode were varied up to 700 V and 3.5 A, respectively. The plasma formation and the diamond deposition behaviour on a substrate of 3 inch in diameter were investigated by optical emission spectroscopy, SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The plasma formed by five cathodes was non-uniform, which was depended on the geometry of cathode array. The growth rate and the quality of diamond film were closely related to the spatial distribution of the plasma.
Analysis and Design of Hybrid Double-Absorption Cooling Systems for Low Grade Thermal Energy Applications (1981)

A hybrid double-absorption system using LiCL-H2O solution as a working fluid is proposed in this paper. This system can operate at low source temperature (55–80°C), requires lower blower power than a desiccant system, and has a higher system C.O.P. A modification of this system, a double absorption-evaporation system that provides even higher C.O.P. is also proposed. Both closed and open regeneration of the working fluid are considered in the system design. Performance equations for these hybrid systems are presented. A computer code HYBRID is written to do parametric analyses for these systems under steady-state conditions. The operating range and optimum design conditions are determined through both theoretical analysis and computer simulation. It is shown that these hybrid absorption systems have definite advantages over conventional absorption and desiccant systems for low grade thermal energy applications.
Sustained expression of microRNA-155 in hematopoietic stem cells causes a myeloproliferative disorder (2008)

Mammalian microRNAs are emerging as key regulators of the development and function of the immune system. Here, we report a strong but transient induction of miR-155 in mouse bone marrow after injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) correlated with granulocyte/monocyte (GM) expansion. Demonstrating the sufficiency of miR-155 to drive GM expansion, enforced expression in mouse bone marrow cells caused GM proliferation in a manner reminiscent of LPS treatment. However, the miR-155-induced GM populations displayed pathological features characteristic of myeloid neoplasia. Of possible relevance to human disease, miR-155 was found to be overexpressed in the bone marrow of patients with certain subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Furthermore, miR-155 repressed a subset of genes implicated in hematopoietic development and disease. These data implicate miR-155 as a contributor to physiological GM expansion during inflammation and to certain pathological features associated with AML, emphasizing the importance of proper miR-155 regulation in developing myeloid cells during times of inflammatory stress.
An Algorithm for Automatic Measurement of Stimulation Thresholds: Clinical Performance and Preliminary Results (1998)

We have developed an algorithmic method for automatic determination of stimulation thresholds in both cardiac chambers in patients with intact atrioventricular (AV) conduction. The algorithm utilizes ventricular sensing, may be used with any type of pacing leads, and may be downloaded via telemetry links into already implanted dual-chamber Thera pacemakers. Thresholds are determined with 0.5 V amplitude and 0.06 ms pulse-width resolution in unipolar, bipolar, or both lead configurations, with a programmable sampling interval from 2 minutes to 48 hours. Measured values are stored in the pacemaker memory for later retrieval and do not influence permanent output settings. The algorithm was intended to gather information on continuous behavior of stimulation thresholds, which is important in the formation of strategies for programming pacemaker outputs. Clinical performance of the algorithm was evaluated in eight patients who received bipolar tined steroid-eluting leads and were observed for a mean of 5.1 months. Patient safety was not compromised by the algorithm, except for the possibility of pacing during the physiologic refractory period. Methods for discrimination of incorrect data points were developed and incorrect values were discarded. Fine resolution threshold measurements collected during this study indicated that: (1) there were great differences in magnitude of threshold peaking in different patients; (2) the initial intensive threshold peaking was usually followed by another less intensive but longer-lasting wave of threshold peaking; (3) the pattern of tissue reaction in the atrium appeared different from that in the ventricle; and (4) threshold peaking in the bipolar lead configuration was greater than in the unipolar configuration. The algorithm proved to be useful in studying ambulatory thresholds.
Progress on characterization and optimization of leaky-mode modulators for holographic video (2015)

We give a summary of the progress we have made in the fabrication of guided wave devices for use in holographic video displays. This progress includes identifying anisotropic leaky-mode modulators as a platform for holographic display, the development of a characterization apparatus to extract key parameters from leaky-mode devices, and the identification of optimized waveguide parameters for frequency-controlled color display.
HashCache: cache storage for the next billion (2009)

We present HashCache, a configurable cache storage engine designed to meet the needs of cache storage in the developing world. With the advent of cheap commodity laptops geared for mass deployments, developing regions are poised to become major users of the Internet, and given the high cost of bandwidth in these parts of the world, they stand to gain significantly from network caching. However, current Web proxies are incapable of providing large storage capacities while using small resource footprints, a requirement for the integrated multi-purpose servers needed to effectively support developing-world deployments. Hash-Cache presents a radical departure from the conventional wisdom in network cache design, and uses 6 to 20 times less memory than current techniques while still providing comparable or better performance. As such, Hash-Cache can be deployed in configurations not attainable with current approaches, such as having multiple terabytes of external storage cache attached to low-powered machines. HashCache has been successfully deployed in two locations in Africa, and further deployments are in progress. 1
High-voltage (2.1 V) integrated InGaAs photogenerator (1997)

The authors report a high-voltage (2.1 V) optical-to-electrical power converter, or photogenerator, operating in the wavelength range 1.0–1.65 µm. These devices will power simple electrical and optoelectronic circuits that may enable provisioning and protection at unpowered nodes in lightwave networks, thus increasing the functionality of the network in a cost-effective way. The photogenerators were used in system experiments to operate switches and micromotors at remote nodes located 100 km from the optical power source.
The feasibility of noninvasive image-guided treatments of brain disorders by focused ultrasound (2004)

Brain disorders, such as tumors, functional problems, etc., are difficult to treat and the invasive interventions often disturb surrounding brain tissue, resulting in complications. In addition, the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain via the blood supply is often impossible because the blood brain barrier protects the brain tissue from foreign molecules. Our hypothesis has been that transcranial therapeutic ultrasound exposures can be delivered with an optimized phased-array system. We have demonstrated that highly focused therapeutic ultrasound beams can be accurately delivered through an intact human skull noninvasively. Furthermore, we demonstrated using ex vivo human skulls that we can use CT-derived information to predict the phase shifts required for correcting the wave distortion. We have also developed a method to focally disrupt the blood brain barrier without damaging the neurons in the targeted tissue volume. This may allow delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents into image-specified locations. Successful transcranial delivery of ultrasound in a clinical setting may have a major impact on the treatment of brain disorders in the future.
A method for extending the dynamic range of flat panel imagers for use in cone beam computed tomography (2005)

We propose and experimentally test a method for extending the dynamic range of flat panel imagers (FPI) with a particular emphasis on their use in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Although promising results with using FPI's in CBCT have been reported, due to a saturation phenomenon that occurs at higher exposures, as well as their noise properties, their dynamic range is not sufficient for most tomographic tasks where a good low contrast resolution is needed. Our method for extending the dynamic range of FPI's is based on taking, at each angle, two correlated measurements having different exposures, and then combining the two scans appropriately. The method is tested experimentally using a CBCT test bench with a flat panel amorphous silicon (aSi:H) detector with a Lanex screen.
Automatic Interference Elimination Algorithm for Ultrasonic Multiple Access Method (2008)

Ultrasonic sensing systems are currently used in automobiles and mobile robots. Recently, under conditions of multiple ultrasonic sensing systems operating in a small area, we proposed an ultrasonic multiple access method (UMAM) based on the spectrum-spread technology using M-sequence code. However, the effect of the UMAM depends on the preset threshold level. In this paper, we consider an automatic interference elimination algorithm for UMAM. Under conditions with a known interference-signal ratio, the normalized correlation function between two microphones can be used to investigate the effect of the threshold level in UMAM, and further, the optimal threshold level can be obtained from the maximum value of the normalized correlation function. Using a set of suitable training examples, the approximation function between the optimal threshold and the interference-signal ratio can be obtained. From the experimental results, the automatic interference elimination algorithm is a useful tool.
Controlled Human Malaria Infections by Intradermal Injection of Cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites (2012)

Controlled human malaria infection with sporozoites is a standardized and powerful tool for evaluation of malaria vaccine and drug efficacy but so far only applied by exposure to bites of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)-infected mosquitoes. We assessed in an open label Phase 1 trial, infection after intradermal injection of respectively 2,500, 10,000, or 25,000 aseptic, purified, vialed, cryopreserved Pf sporozoites (PfSPZ) in three groups (N = 6/group) of healthy Dutch volunteers. Infection was safe and parasitemia developed in 15 of 18 volunteers (84%), 5 of 6 volunteers in each group. There were no differences between groups in time until parasitemia by microscopy or quantitative polymerase chain reaction, parasite kinetics, clinical symptoms, or laboratory values. This is the first successful infection by needle and syringe with PfSPZ manufactured in compliance with regulatory standards. After further optimization, the use of such PfSPZ may facilitate and accelerate clinical development of novel malaria drugs and vaccines.
<title>In-vivo measurement of the retinal birefringence with regard to corneal effects using an electro-optical ellipsometer</title> (1996)

The phase retardation of light induced by the birefringent parts of the human retina in vivo is measured with an electro-optical ellipsometer using the principle of confocal imaging. A scanning unit allows to examine an area of 25 degrees by 12.5 degrees on the retina with a resolution of 256 by 128 points with both, incident and exit beam transmitting the cornea at a fixed position. Due to this fixed beam position the Muellermatrix of the cornea can be calculated using light which is specularly reflected on blood vessels lying above the nerve fiber layer of the retina. The obtained images show a homogenous radial distribution of the retinal retardation around the fovea without the appearance of the so called Haidinger brushes. The areas with the thickest nerve fiber layers, the arcuate bundles, appear in their typical arc and were measured quantitatively. In addition, an alternative method for the compensation of corneal birefringence is evaluated by focusing the light beam onto the surface of the lens. Hereby, the measured area in the center of the cornea is 3 X 0.75 mm<SUP>2</SUP>.
UNIVERSAL CALIBRATION METHOD FOR MICROWAVE MOISTURE SENSING IN GRANULAR MATERIALS (2001)

A feasibility study of a universal calibration method for nondestructive realtime sensing of moisture content ingranular materials is described. The principle is based on measurement of the dielectric properties of granular materials atmicrowave frequencies and the use of a calibration function that is expressed in terms of these properties to predict moisturecontent from a single moisture calibration equation. Effectiveness of this method is shown for three granular materialsexhibiting significant structural and compositional differences: wheat, oats, and soybeans. The resulting single moisturecalibration equation, based on measurements of the dielectric properties at 9.46 GHz and 24C, provides moisture contentin all three materials with a standard error of calibration of 0.46% moisture content, wet basis.
EVALUATION OF A NEW NONTHROMBOGENIC NITRIC OXIDE RELEASING POLYMER (2001)

Purpose: We have reported the nonthrombogenic properties of surface NO in a system which leached the active molecule. A new polymer, which releases only NO, relies on a surface-bound diamino-cross linking agent (DACA) onto which NO has been coupled. We evaluated this surface in our standard model. Methods: Unheparinized New Zealand white rabbits were cannulated in the superior vena cava. Venovenous extracorporeal circulation was carried out for 4 hours at flow rates of 100–120ml/min. Three silicone rubber surfaces were evaluated: untreated (n=2), DACA coated alone (n=4), and DACA loaded with NO (n=3). Platelet counts and fibrinogen were measured hourly. The experiment concluded at the end of 4 hours or upon thrombosis of the circuit. The circuits were rinsed and preserved for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: No circuit thrombosis or platelet consumption occurred in the NO-releasing tubing. SEM's of these circuits showed adherent but morphologically normal, non-activated platelets. All control circuits caused significant platelet consumption and displayed greater platelet aggregates with fibrin stranding on SEM. All four DACA coated controls thrombosed prior to the conclusion of the experiment. Fibrinogen consumption occurred irrespective of surface type. This polymer has the nonthrombogenic properties of NO release without leaching other molecules.