gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhalation Gases or Gaseous Mediators As Neuroprotectants for Cerebral Ischaemia (2013)

Ischaemic stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While recombinant tissue plasminogen activator can be administered to produce thrombolysis and restore blood flow to the ischaemic brain, therapeutic benefit is only achieved in a fraction of the subset of patients eligible for fibrinolytic intervention. Neuroprotective therapies attempting to restrict the extent of brain injury following cerebral ischaemia have not been successfully translated into the clinic despite overwhelming pre-clinical evidence of neuroprotection. Therefore, an adequate treatment for the majority of acute ischaemic stroke patients remains elusive. In the stroke literature, the use of therapeutic gases has received relatively little attention. Gases such as hyperbaric and normobaric oxygen, xenon, hydrogen, helium and argon all possess biological effects that have shown to be neuroprotective in pre-clinical models of ischaemic stroke. There are significant advantages to using gases including their relative abundance, low cost and feasibility for administration, all of which make them ideal candidates for a translational therapy for stroke. In addition, modulating cellular gaseous mediators including nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulphide may be an attractive option for ischaemic stroke therapy. Inhalation of these gaseous mediators can also produce neuroprotection, but this strategy remains to be confirmed as a viable therapy for ischaemic stroke. This review highlights the neuroprotective potential of therapeutic gas therapy and modulation of gaseous mediators for ischaemic stroke. The therapeutic advantages of gaseous therapy offer new promising directions in breaking the translational barrier for ischaemic stroke.
Magnetic head fabricated by improved ion etching method (1979)

An improved ferrite ion etching technique and the characteristics of magnetic heads fabricated by this technique are reported. To improve the read/write characteristics of the head fabricated by ion etching, the optimum conditions have been investigated, under which the maximum etching rate ratio between ferrite sample and metal mask can be obtained. As a result, it has become possible to realize etching grooves deeper than 10 μm by sputter etching using a thin, high definition Ti or Al mask laminated with Cr. Using this improved ion etching technique, narrow track width magnetic heads can be fabricated with tolerances within ±1 μm and improved yield rate.
IL-12-induced activation of NK and T cells occurs in the absence of immediate-early activation gene expression (1996)

The responses of lymphocytes to IL-2 and IL-12, involving proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production, are only partially overlapping, and may depend on induced differential expression of specific sets of genes. Using reverse-transcription PCR differential display, we isolated an mRNA species expressed in IL-2- but not IL-12-stimulated NK cells. This was identified as the mRNA encoding the transcription factor egr-1, which is expressed with fast kinetics in T and NK cells upon IL-2, but not IL-12, stimulation. Analysis of the accumulation of mRNA-encoding members of the AP-1 transcription factor family demonstrated that c-fos and junB are also expressed upon stimulation of NK and T cells with IL-2, but not IL-12, whereas expression of c-jun and junD is not modified by either cytokine. Accordingly, increased AP-1 DNA-binding activity and AP-1-dependent transcriptional activity were detected exclusively in IL-2-stimulated cells. Analysis of the expression of genes reported to regulate cytokine-induced proliferation demonstrated that both IL-2 and IL-12 induce c-myc mRNA accumulation in NK and T cells, whereas only IL-2 induces bcl-2 expression. Our data provide the first demonstration that IL-12-mediated activation of T and NK cells does not involve expression of members of the immediate-early activation genes family (egr-1, c-fos, and junB), AP-1 transcriptional activity, or bcl-2 expression. This indicates that functional differences observed in IL-2- and IL-12-stimulated cells may depend, at least in part, on differential gene regulation.
Experimental Study on the Effects of EGR and Octane Number of PRF Fuel on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of HCCI Engines (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and octane number of PRF fuel on combustion and emission characteristics in HCCI operation were investigated. The results show that EGR could delay the ignition timing, slow down the combustion reaction rate, reduce the pressure and average temperature in cylinder and extend the operation region into large load mode. With the increase of the fuel/air equivalence ratio or the fuel octane number (ON), the effect of EGR on combustion efficiency improves. With the increase of EGR rate, the combustion efficiency decreases. The optimum indicated thermal efficiency of different octane number fuels appears in the region of high EGR rate and large fuel/air equivalence ratio, which is next to the boundary of knocking. In the region of high EGR rate, HC emissions rise up sharply as the EGR rate increases. With the increase of octane number, this tendency becomes more obvious. CO emissions have strong relationship with combustion temperature in cylinder. With the increase of EGR rate, CO emissions increase. In the ordinary operation region, NOx emissions are little and the influence of EGR on it is insensitive. NO<sub>X</sub> emissions increase abruptly as the knocking combustion occurs. The result also indicates that the operation region of the fuel with octane number 60 is largest in HCCI operation at the test condition.</div>
Evaluation and Management of Foot and Ankle Disorders: Present Problems and Future Directions (1995)

Recent research has raised serious concerns regarding the reliability and validity of the evaluation and treatment scheme proposed by Root et al. Although the Root et al theory is widely referenced in the physical therapy literature and commonly taught in continuing education courses, current issues of concern include: 1) measurement technique reliability, 2) the criteria proposed for normal foot alignment, and 3) the position of the subtalar joint between midstance and heel-off during walking. The intent of this paper is to review these three problem areas which have been identified with the Root et al theory as well as to propose the use of a "tissue stress model" which the authors have found to be an effective alternative for evaluating and treating foot disorders.
High frame-rate intravascular optical frequency-domain imaging in vivo (2013)

Intravascular optical frequency-domain imaging (OFDI), a second-generation optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology, enables imaging of the three-dimensional (3D) microstructure of the vessel wall following a short and nonocclusive clear liquid flush. Although 3D vascular visualization provides a greater appreciation of the vessel wall and intraluminal structures, a longitudinal imaging pitch that is several times bigger than the optical imaging resolution of the system has limited true high-resolution 3D imaging, mainly due to the slow scanning speed of previous imaging catheters. Here, we demonstrate high frame-rate intravascular OFDI in vivo, acquiring images at a rate of 350 frames per second. A custom-built, high-speed, and high-precision fiber-optic rotary junction provided uniform and high-speed beam scanning through a custom-made imaging catheter with an outer diameter of 0.87 mm. A 47-mm-long rabbit aorta was imaged in 3.7 seconds after a short contrast agent flush. The longitudinal imaging pitch was 34 μm, comparable to the transverse imaging resolution of the system. Three-dimensional volume-rendering showed greatly enhanced visualization of tissue microstructure and stent struts relative to what is provided by conventional intravascular imaging speeds.
The role of natriuretic peptide testing in guiding chronic heart failure management: Review of available data and recommendations for use (2012)

The care of patients with heart failure can be challenging, with few objective tools available to assist in therapy decision-making. Natriuretic peptides are powerfully prognostic biomarkers in patients with heart failure and may represent an objective target for therapy. Accordingly, the use of biomarker-guided care with either B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) has been recently explored. Over the past few years, a number of studies with heterogeneous inclusion criteria, methods and results have been performed. We have reviewed the available literature, summarizing the results of biomarker-guided heart failure trials and deriving recommendations for optimal application of biomarker-guided heart failure care based on the experience gained. In general, positive studies had low BNP or NT-proBNP target concentrations (∼100 pg/mL and ∼1000 pg/mL, respectively) and achieved lower natriuretic peptide concentrations compared with standard care. Patients in the biomarker-guided arms of the studies typically received more aggressive heart failure care and had no excess adverse outcomes. In the recent ProBNP Outpatient Tailored Chronic Heart Failure Therapy (PROTECT) study, patients treated with biomarker-guided care also had improved quality of life and significantly better reverse remodeling on echocardiography compared with patients who received standard care. In conclusion, heart failure therapy guided by a goal to reduce natriuretic peptide concentrations below prognostically-meaningful levels results in more aggressive heart failure care, is well tolerated and is associated with superior outcomes.
Spectrum Auctions Under Physical Interference Model (2017)

Spectrum auctions provide a platform for licensed spectrum users to share their underutilized spectrum with unlicensed users. Existing spectrum auctions either adopt the protocol interference model to characterize interference relationship as binary relationship or only lease channels that are not used by the primary user (PU) to secondary users (SUs). In this paper, we design spectrum auctions under the physical interference model, which allow PU and SUs to transmit simultaneously. Specifically, we consider both single-minded and multi-minded cases, and design auctions SPA-S and SPA-M, respectively. We prove that both auctions are truthful, individually rational, and computationally efficient. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that, these designed auctions achieve higher spectrum utilization, buyer satisfaction ratio, and revenue than a representative existing spectrum auction adapted for the physical interference model.
ANALISIS UJI TARIK LAS SMAW POSISI 3G UPHILL DENGAN VARIASI ARUS PENGELASAN (2023)

Arus pengelasan sangatlah penting karena dapat mempengaruhi kekuatan sambungan las. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan tarik baja karbon rendah ABS Grade A 12 mm dengan menggunakan variai arus las dan sifat mekanis. Penelitian ini menggunakan mesin las SMAW dengan posisi pengelasan 3G Uphill. Kampuh yang digunakan adalah kampuh X dengan Gepht 2 mm. Arus las yang digunakan 75A, 112A dan 160A. Hasil ultimate tensile strength raw material didapat nilai 443 Mpa, nilai ultimate tensile strength untuk arus 75A adalah 340,37 Mpa, mengalami penurunan dari niali ultimate tensile strength raw material. Nilai ultimate tensile strength untuk arus 112A adalah 481,56 Mpa, mengalami kenaikan 48,56 Mpa dari kelompok raw material. Nilai ultimate tensile strength pada arus 160A adalah 524,52 Mpa, mengalami kenaikan 81,52 Mpa. kekuatan tarik tertinggi terdapat pada arus las 160A dengan nilai kekuatan tarik 524,52 Mpa dan terendah pada arus pengelasan 75A dengan nilai kekuatan tarik 340,37 Mpa. Menunjukkan semakin besar arus las yang digunakan maka kekuatan tariknya semakin besar.
Learning Speaker Representations with Mutual Information (2019)

Learning good representations is of crucial importance in deep learning. Mutual Information (MI) or similar measures of statistical dependence are promising tools for learning these representations in an unsupervised way. Even though the mutual information between two random variables is hard to measure directly in high dimensional spaces, some recent studies have shown that an implicit optimization of MI can be achieved with an encoder-discriminator architecture similar to that of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). In this work, we learn representations that capture speaker identities by maximizing the mutual information between the encoded representations of chunks of speech randomly sampled from the same sentence. The proposed encoder relies on the SincNet architecture and transforms raw speech waveform into a compact feature vector. The discriminator is fed by either positive samples (of the joint distribution of encoded chunks) or negative samples (from the product of the marginals) and is trained to separate them. We report experiments showing that this approach effectively learns useful speaker representations, leading to promising results on speaker identification and verification tasks. Our experiments consider both unsupervised and semi-supervised settings and compare the performance achieved with different objective functions.
Standardization of the PCR technique for the detection of delta toxin in Staphylococcus spp. (2005)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), components of the normal flora of neonates, have emerged as important opportunistic pathogens of nosocomial infections that occur in neonatal intensive care units. Some authors have reported the ability of some CNS strains, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, to produce a toxin similar to S. aureus delta toxin. This toxin is an exoprotein that has a detergent action on the membranes of various cell types resulting in rapid cell lysis. The objectives of the present study were to standardize the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique for the detection of the gene responsible for the production of delta toxin (hld gene) in staphylococcal species isolated from catheters and blood cultures obtained from neonates, and to compare the results to those obtained with the phenotypic synergistic hemolysis method. Detection of delta toxin by the phenotypic and genotypic method yielded similar results for the S. aureus isolates. However, in S. epidermidis, a higher positivity was observed for PCR (97.4%) compared to the synergistic hemolysis method (86.8%). Among CNS, S. epidermidis was the most frequent isolate and was a delta toxin producer. Staphylococcus simulans and S. warneri tested positive by the phenotypic method, but their positivity was not confirmed by PCR for the hld gene detection. These results indicate that different genes might be responsible for the production of this toxin in different CNS species, requiring highly specific primers for their detection. PCR was found to be a rapid and reliable method for the detection of the hld gene in S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
Human Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing Enzyme-catalytic Polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) Is Incorporated into HIV-1 Virions through Interactions with Viral and Nonviral RNAs (2004)

Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme-catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G) is a host cytidine deaminase that is packaged into virions and confers resistance to retroviral infection. APOBEC3G deaminates deoxycytidines in minus strand DNA to deoxyuridines, resulting in G to A hypermutation and viral inactivation. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virion infectivity factor counteracts the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by inducing its proteosomal degradation and preventing virion incorporation. To elucidate the mechanism of viral suppression by APOBEC3G, we developed a sensitive cytidine deamination assay and analyzed APOBEC3G virion incorporation in a series of HIV-1 deletion mutants. Virus-like particles derived from constructs in which pol, env, and most of gag were deleted still contained high levels of cytidine deaminase activity; in addition, coimmunoprecipitation of APOBEC3G and HIV-1 Gag in the presence and absence of RNase A indicated that the two proteins do not interact directly but form an RNase-sensitive complex. Viral particles lacking HIV-1 genomic RNA which were generated from the gag-pol expression constructs pC-Help and pSYNGP packaged APOBEC3G at 30-40% of the wild-type level, indicating that interactions with viral RNA are not necessary for incorporation. In addition, viral particles produced from an nucleocapsid zinc finger mutant contained approximately 1% of the viral genomic RNA but approximately 30% of the cytidine deaminase activity. The reduction in APOBEC3G incorporation was equivalent to the reduction in the total RNA present in the nucleocapsid mutant virions. These results indicate that interactions with viral proteins or viral genomic RNA are not essential for APOBEC3G incorporation and suggest that APOBEC3G interactions with viral and nonviral RNAs that are packaged into viral particles are sufficient for APOBEC3G virion incorporation.
Host-dependent Induction of Transient Antibiotic Resistance: A Prelude to Treatment Failure (2015)

Current antibiotic testing does not include the potential influence of host cell environment on microbial susceptibility and antibiotic resistance, hindering appropriate therapeutic intervention. We devised a strategy to identify the presence of host-pathogen interactions that alter antibiotic efficacy in vivo. Our findings revealed a bacterial mechanism that promotes antibiotic resistance in vivo at concentrations of drug that far exceed dosages determined by standardized antimicrobial testing. This mechanism has escaped prior detection because it is reversible and operates within a subset of host tissues and cells. Bacterial pathogens are thereby protected while their survival promotes the emergence of permanent drug resistance. This host-dependent mechanism of transient antibiotic resistance is applicable to multiple pathogens and has implications for the development of more effective antimicrobial therapies.
Rls-Adapted Polynomial For Nonlinear Acoustic Echo Canceling (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Scene Simulation Platform Based on Data Fusion of Multiple Format 3D Models (2009)

Scene simulation technology has been the basal component for building 3D simulation application now. Constructing a general scene simulation platform based on multiple format 3D models can greatly speed developing process of simulation application and promote developing efficiency. According to the idea above, a method of building scene simulation platform based on models data fusion is put forward. With this method, multiple 3D model data format such as FLT, 3DS, X, WRL and GLS are fused and driven by OpenGL API. The layered structure and framework based on HLA are also presented to design the platform. Key technologies involving model data fusion and simulation driving are detailed. Finally, challenges associating with realization of the platform named plug-in framework and simulation examples based on the platform are brought forward. It shows greatest traits on building similar large-scale simulation application system.
Energy efficient scheduling with QoS guarantee for IEEE 802.16e broadband wireless access networks (2007)

This paper proposes three energy efficient scheduling approaches for 802.16e broadband wireless networks. Instead of considering a single Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS) as most of the current researchers do, multiple MSSs are considered in our work. The constant bit rate traffic with QoS delay constraint is considered in this paper. The proposed approaches address both energy efficiency and bandwidth utilization. We reuse the idle fragmentation of the allocated OFDM frames to balance power saving and bandwidth utilization. Simulation results show that our proposed approaches benefit with more sleep time and higher bandwidth utilization. Furthermore, we give a QoS scheduling mechanism to find the maximum sleeping time for single MSS, called Minimum Wakeup Time (MWT) scheduler. Even though we don't know whether exists a feasible scheduling to satisfy all MSSs with MWT, it will serve as an upper bound for the power-saving scheduling in IEEE 802.16e.
Abstract 1703: Discovery and validation of 20 novel breast cancer methylation biomarkers: A new workflow for methylation biomarker development (2012)

Abstract Methylation is a process of regulation of gene expression. Methylation pattern changes are implicated in the pathology of cancer and other disorders but at the same time they can be used as biomarkers for clinical disease management. There are four primary fields of use for biomarkers in clinical disease management: diagnosis, prognosis/prediction, prevention, pharmacoepigenomics. Methylation biomarkers have already been shown to fulfill the requirements of each of the above categories. Therefore, a lot of research in the field is currently focused on discovery and validation of methylation biomarkers for clinical use. The process of biomarker development can be subdivided into five steps workflow: discovery of the biomarker, initial clinical biomarker validation, retrospective biomarker validation, prospective validation and the use of the marker in clinical practice. Following the above workflow, we have combined the Roche/NimbleGen Methylation arrays and Methylation Sensitive High Resolution Melting (MS-HRM) (ref: 1, 2), into one platform for methylation biomarker development and validation. Our approach allowed us, firstly to discover 20 novel loci undergoing aberrant methylation during breast cancer development. Subsequently the biomarkers were subjected to initial clinical validation. This procedure aimed to evaluate to what extent the biomarkers can distinguish 274 breast tumor samples (disease) from 78 breast normal tissue samples (healthy). Our results show that the specificity of almost all of the novel biomarkers except for one was above 80%, with four of these showing hypermethylation only in tumor tissue, which corresponds to 100% specificity. The odds ratio (OR, interpreted as the probability with which our new biomarker can distinguish a tumor sample from a non-malignant sample) for our novel biomarkers was in the extraordinary range from 4(2; 7) to 563(166; 1902), Overall our results clearly illustrate the exceptional accuracy of the chosen approach for methylation biomarker discovery and development. All the biomarkers that successfully completed initial clinical validation are now undergoing retrospective validation (see above) based on almost 1200 archival breast cancer samples with detailed clinical follow up. This procedure will allow investigating the clinical management field of use for each of the novel biomarkers. References: 1. Wojdacz, T.K., Dobrovic, A. & Hansen, L.L. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting. Nature Protocols 3 (2008). 2. Wojdacz, T.K. & Dobrovic, A. Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM): a new approach for sensitive and high-throughput assessment of methylation. Nucleic Acids Res 35, e41 (2007). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1703. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1703