gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Stable <i>trans</i>‐Cyclooctene Amino Acids for Live‐Cell Labeling (2015)

trans-Cyclooctene groups incorporated into proteins via non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) are emerging as specific handles for bioorthogonal chemistry. Here, we present a highly improved synthetic access to the axially and the equatorially linked trans-cyclooct-2-ene isomers (1 a,b). We further show that the axially connected isomer has a half-life about 10 times higher than the equatorial isomer and reacts with tetrazines much faster, as determined by stopped-flow experiments. The improved properties resulted in different labeling performance of the insulin receptor on the surface of intact cells.
Quantification of tumor cell injuryin vitro andin vivo using expression of green fluorescent protein under the control of theGADD153 promoter (2001)

The GADD153 gene is strongly transcriptionally activated by many types of cellular injury and the magnitude of the change in GADD153 expression is proportional to the extent of damage. We developed a novel reporter system in which a chimeric gene containing the GADD153 promoter linked to the coding region of an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was stably integrated into the genome of a clone of UMSCC10b head and neck carcinoma cells. Activation of the exogenous GADD153 promoter was quantified using flow cytometric measurement of EGFP expression following drug exposure. The exogenous GADD153 promoter in this clone was activated by N-methl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in a concentration-dependent manner with kinetics that closely paralleled perturbation of cell cycle phase distribution. EGFP expression was strongly activated by a variety of genotoxic agents including DNA cross-linking and methylating agents, oxygen free radicals, DNA intercalator, UV and gamma-radiation and hypoxia. When grown as a xenograft in nude mice, the stably transfected clone also demonstrated dose-dependent EGFP expression when measured 4 days after cisplatin treatment. The reporter system accurately categorized the relative potency of adducts produced by 6 related platinum-containing drugs. In conclusion, this reporter system can facilitate in vitro and in vivo screening for agents capable of producing cytotoxicity via a wide variety of different mechanisms, and can be utilized to investigate the relative potency of structurally related DNA adducts.
Additional all-optical decision element improving the performance of band-limited receivers in RZ systems (2005)

Benefits due to an all-optical decision element improving the performance of conventional band-limited receivers in RZ systems are investigated. BER measurements for different signal bandwidths and received signal-to-noise ratios confirm the effectiveness of the solution. (2 pages)
CIELAB to CMYK color conversion in the transform domain for JPEG compressed images (2008)

A new technique is described for color conversions of JPEG images. For each input block of each component, the conversion for the 63 AC coefficients is processed in the transform domain instead of the spatial domain. Only the DC coefficients for each input block of the color components are transformed to the spatial domain and then processed through the traditional lookup table to create color-converted output DC coefficients for each block. Given each converted DC value for each block, the remaining 63 AC coefficients are then converted directly in the transform domain via scaling functions that are accessed via a table as a function of only the DC term. For n-dimensional color space to m-dimensional color space conversion, n component blocks create m component blocks. An IDCT can then be applied to the m component blocks to create spatial domain data or these output blocks can be quantized and entropy encoded to create JPEG compressed data in the m-dimensional color space.
Design of non-magnetic optical cloak (2007)

We present the design and analysis of a non-magnetic cloak operating at optical frequencies. The general recipe for the implementation of such a device is provided. The cloaking performance is illustrated with finite-element simulations.
A click-and-release approach to CO prodrugs (2014)

Carbon monoxide belongs to the family of signaling molecules and has been shown to possess therapeutic effects. Similar to NO, safe delivery of CO is a key issue in developing CO-based therapeutics. Herein we report a "click and release" CO-prodrug approach, which allows the release of CO under physiological conditions without the need for light irradiation. The system releases CO in a triggered and controllable manner and possesses the potential of tunable release rates.
Monoclonal-antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Trichomonas vaginalis (1988)

Trichomonas vaginalis is estimated to infect 4 million women per year in the United States. The diagnosis of trichomoniasis is predominantly achieved by direct microscopic examination of vaginal exudates. This subjective diagnostic procedure is reported to be 75% sensitive under ideal circumstances. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of T. vaginalis directly from vaginal exudates. The ELISA employs a monoclonal antibody specific for a 65-kilodalton surface polypeptide of T. vaginalis as the capture antibody in a sandwich format. A polyclonal rabbit anti-T. vaginalis antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase serves as the probe. An evaluation of vaginal specimens from women attending clinics revealed a sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA of 89 and 97%, respectively, versus the culture technique. These results indicate the usefulness of this ELISA as an alternative to microscopic and culture methods for the detection of T. vaginalis in vaginal exudates.
Unexpected Bactericidal Activity of Poly(arginine)/Hyaluronan Nanolayered Coatings (2016)

The number of nosocomial infections related to implants and medical devices increase alarmingly worldwide. New strategies based on the design of antimicrobial coatings are required to prevent such infections. Polyelectrolyte “multilayer” films constitute a powerful tool for nanoscale surface functionalization which allows addressing this issue. By investigating films built up with poly(arginine) (PAR) of various chain lengths (10, 30, 100, and 200 residues) and hyaluronic acid (HA), we demonstrate that exclusively films constructed with poly(arginine) composed of 30 residues (PAR30) acquire a strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria associated with infections of medical devices. This chain-size effect is extremely striking and is the first example reported where the length of the polyelectrolytes played a key-role in the functionality of the films. Moreover, this unexpected functionality of nanolayered polypeptide/polysaccharide PAR30/HA films occurs without adding any specific antimicrobial agent, such as antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides. PAR30/HA film inhibits bacteria through a contact-killing mechanism due to the presence of mobile PAR30 chains. These chains are assumed to diffuse toward the interface, where they interact with the bacteria with the consequence of killing them. This new coating with unique properties based on the association of a homopolypeptide of 30 residues with a polysaccharide constitutes a simple system to prevent implant-related infections with a reasonable production cost.
Spherical logarithmic quantization and its application for DPCM (2004)

A new method for efficient digitizing analog signals while preserving the original waveform as close as possible with respect to the relative quantization error is presented. Logarithmic quantization is applied to short vectors of samples represented in sphere coordinates. The resulting advantages, i.e. a constant Signal-to-Noise Ratio over a very high dynamic range at a small loss with respect to rate-distortion theory are discussed. In order to increase the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by exploitation of correlations within the source signal, a method of combining differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) with spherical logarithmic quantization is presented. The resulting technique achieves an efficient digital representation of waveforms with a high long term as well as segmental SNR at an extreme low delay of the signal.
5,6,7-Trisubstituted 4-Aminopyrido[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines as Novel Inhibitors of Adenosine Kinase (2003)

The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of 5,6,7-trisubstituted 4-aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as novel nonnucleoside adenosine kinase inhibitors is described. A variety of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl substituents were found to be tolerated at the C5, C6, and C7 positions of the pyridopyrimidine core. These studies have led to the identification of analogues that are potent inhibitors of adenosine kinase with in vivo analgesic activity.
Blood speed imaging with an intraluminal array (2000)

In applications in which Doppler processing is not possible, such as side-looking intravascular imaging systems, decorrelation methods can be used to estimate blood speed. Here, a method is presented measuring relative blood speed using an FIR filter bank to estimate temporal decorrelation rates. It can be implemented in a modern commercially available ultrasound imaging system with no additional hardware. Both simulations and experiments using an intraluminal scanner appropriate for coronary artery applications have tested the system. In this study, the FIR filter bank is contrasted with previous methods, and its utility is further demonstrated with real-time color flow images from a pig model.
High energy density capacitors using nano-structure multilayer technology (1992)

Today, many pulse power and industrial applications are limited by capacitor performance. While incremental improvements are anticipated from existing capacitor technologies, significant advances are needed in energy density to enable these applications for both the military and for American economic competitiveness. We propose a program to research and develop a novel technology for making high voltage, high energy density capacitors. Nano-structure multilayer technologies developed at LLNL may well provide a breakthrough in capacitor performance. Our controlled sputtering techniques are capable of laying down extraordinarily smooth sub-micron layers of dielectric and conductor materials. With this technology, high voltage capacitors with an order of magnitude improvement in energy density may be achievable. Well-understood dielectrics and new materials will be investigated for use with this technology. Capacitors developed by nano-structure multilayer technology are inherently solid state, exhibiting extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. The conceptual design of a Notepad capacitor is discussed to illustrate capacitor and capacitor bank design and performance with this technology. We propose a two phase R&D program to address DNA`s capacitor needs for electro-thermal propulsion and similar pulse power programs. Phase 1 will prove the concept and further our understanding of dielectric materials and design tradeoffs with multilayers. Nano-structure multilayer capacitors will be developed and characterized. As our materials research and modeling prove successful, technology insertion in our capacitor designs will improve the possibility for dramatic performance improvements. In Phase 2, we will make Notepad capacitors, construct a capacitor bank and demonstrate its performance in a meaningful pulse power application. We will work with industrial partners to design full scale manufacturing and move this technology to industry for volume production.
The Integrated CardioRespiratory Heart Function Monitoring System (2017)

A critical need has emerged for constant, vigilant heart function monitoring of patients in the clinic who are at risk due to heart failure (HF). A major indicator of HF is reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, more commonly known as ejection fraction (EF). Current clinical methods of measuring EF include echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radionuclide ventriculography, and radionuclide angiography. These methods are expensive, require the presence and support of expert technicians, and are not capable of continuous monitoring. \tOur mission has been to develop the first wearable heart function monitoring system with the following characteristics: it must be capable of real-time, continuous monitoring; it must provide accurate measurement of EF; it must be low-cost and easy to use. To achieve this objective, we have developed the Integrated CardioRespiratory (ICR) Heart Function Monitoring System, which utilizes the electrical signal of the heart, the electrocardiogram (ECG), and the acoustic signal of the heart, the phonocardiogram (PCG), to compute EF. It consists of ICR acoustic sensors, ECG sensor electrodes, a sensor application system, and the ICR patient monitor system. The system acquires ECG and PCG signals, upon which signal processing is performed. This is accompanied by advanced machine learning methods which provide accurate computation of EF. \tWe present several signal processing and machine learning methods in order to accomplish this. Noise suppression algorithms for both ECG and PCG signals are described. Novel methods are presented for identifying key events in the PCG signals, and extracting from them critical features regarding cardiac dynamics and function. We have also developed a neural network architecture to utilize these features in order to compute an EF value.\tThe deployment of the ICR system in a clinical trial is discussed, in which the accuracy of its EF computation ability is demonstrated.
"Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a trench gate structure " (1987)

This paper describes an improved IGBT with a trench gate structure, which demonstrates a low forward voltage drop of 1.4 volts at a forward conduction current density of 200A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This device structure was fabricated using a self-aligned process that permits closely spaced vertical trench gates with a unit cell of 8 µm. This allows for a remarkable increase of channel density and elimination of the parasitic JFET effect thus reducing the forward voltage drop significantly. A static latching current density of 2700A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been achieved in the UMOS IGBT. Two-dimensional computer simulations of the UMOS IGBT has been performed to identify the optimal cell design. This optimal design is predicted to increase the SOA current density by a factor of 4.2 over the state-of-the-art DMOS IGBT at the same forward voltage drop.
Catalytic combustion of low heat value gas. 1. Substoichiometric combustion with supported platinum catalysts (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic combustion of low heat value gas. 1. Substoichiometric combustion with supported platinum catalystsAjay M. Madgavkar, Roger F. Vogel, and Harold E. SwiftCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1981, 20, 4, 628–636Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300004a009https://doi.org/10.1021/i300004a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An all CMOS foveal image sensor chip (2002)

A foveal image sensor chip that uses a standard CMOS process is presented. A new photo charge normalization scheme and its associated circuitry for use with active pixel sensors has been developed. The pixels are assembled into a multi-resolution rectilinear foveal image sensor chip using a novel access scheme to reduce the number of analog RAM cells needed. Localized spatial resolution declines monotonically with offset from the imager's optical axis, analogous to biological foveal vision. A proof-of-concept chip has been fabricated and tested.
Blood Transcriptomics Predicts Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis and Associated Natural Killer Cells (2021)

<b>Rationale:</b> Disease activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains highly variable, poorly understood, and difficult to predict. <b>Objectives:</b> To identify a predictor using short-term longitudinal changes in gene expression that forecasts future FVC decline and to characterize involved pathways and cell types. <b>Methods:</b> Seventy-four patients from COMET (Correlating Outcomes with Biochemical Markers to Estimate Time-Progression in IPF) cohort were dichotomized as progressors (≥10% FVC decline) or stable. Blood gene-expression changes within individuals were calculated between baseline and 4 months and regressed with future FVC status, allowing determination of expression variations, sample size, and statistical power. Pathway analyses were conducted to predict downstream effects and identify new targets. An FVC predictor for progression was constructed in COMET and validated using independent cohorts. Peripheral blood mononuclear single-cell RNA-sequencing data from healthy control subjects were used as references to characterize cell type compositions from bulk peripheral blood mononuclear RNA-sequencing data that were associated with FVC decline. <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> The longitudinal model reduced gene-expression variations within stable and progressor groups, resulting in increased statistical power when compared with a cross-sectional model. The FVC predictor for progression anticipated patients with future FVC decline with 78% sensitivity and 86% specificity across independent IPF cohorts. Pattern recognition receptor pathways and mTOR pathways were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. Cellular deconvolution using single-cell RNA-sequencing data identified natural killer cells as significantly correlated with progression. <b>Conclusions:</b> Serial transcriptomic change predicts future FVC decline. An analysis of cell types involved in the progressor signature supports the novel involvement of natural killer cells in IPF progression.
High-Precision Guidance of Ablation Catheters to Arrhythmic Sites using Electrocardiographic Signals (2006)

Hemodynamically unstable ventricular arrhythmias are frequently untreatable with radio-frequency ablation due to the difficulty of rapidly and accurately localizing the site of origin of an arrhythmia with current technologies. We demonstrate a new catheter guidance method that will direct the tip of an ablation catheter to the site of origin of an arrhythmia and reduce the time needed to locate the site such that a patient need only be maintained in the arrhythmia for a few beats. The algorithm, based on a single-equivalent moving dipole (SEMD) model, is used to identify the bioelectric dipole corresponding to a site of origin of an arrhythmia. If a current dipole is produced at the ablation catheter tip, the tip position may also be calculated using this algorithm, and the catheter can be guided towards the site of origin of the arrhythmia. We present a method to compensate for the effect of systematic non-idealities, such as boundary effects, on the accuracy of this algorithm. In simulations, this method is able to guide the catheter tip to within 1.5 mm of the arrhythmic site at any location within the model torso with almost 100% success and with a realistic number of movements of the ablation catheter. These results suggest that this method has great potential to direct radio-frequency ablation procedures, especially in the significant patient population that is currently untreatable
Multicore/Manycore Parallel Traversal of Large Forests of Regression Trees (2017)

Machine-learnt models based on additive ensembles of binary regression trees are currently considered one of the best solutions to address complex classification, regression, and ranking tasks. To evaluate these complex models over a continuous stream of data items with high throughput requirements, we need to optimize, and possibly parallelize, the traversal of thousands of trees, each including hundreds of nodes.Document ranking in Web Search is a typical example of this challenging scenario, where complex tree-based models are used to score query-document pairs and finally rank lists of document results for each incoming query (a.k.a. Learning-to-Rank). In this extended abstract, we briefly discuss some preliminary results concerning the parallelization strategies for QUICKSCORER – indeed the state-of-art scoring algorithm that exploits ensembles of decision trees – by using multicore CPUs (with SIMD coprocessors) and manycore GPUs. We show that QUICKSCORER, which transforms the traversal of thousands of decision trees in a linear access to array data structures, can be parallelized very effectively, by achieving very interesting speedups.
Sulphated Polymers are Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Various Enveloped Viruses, Including Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Toga-, Arena- and Retroviruses (1990)

The sulphated polymers, such as polyvinylalcohol sulphate (PVAS) and its co-polymer with acrylic acid (PAVAS), have proved to be potent inhibitors for herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Sindbis virus, Semliki Forest virus, Junin virus, Tacaribe virus, murine sarcoma virus and human immunodeficiency virus. They are not inhibitory to non-enveloped viruses, such as poliovirus and reovirus. The broad-spectrum antiviral effects of these compounds depend on their molecular weight and degree of sulphation. Pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits have indicated that after intravenous bolus injection the serum concentrations of these compounds decay biphasically, with an initial half-life of approximately 90–120 min.
Dynamic faceted search for discovery-driven analysis (2008)

We propose a dynamic faceted search system for discovery-driven analysis on data with both textual content and structured attributes. From a keyword query, we want to dynamically select a small set of "interesting" attributes and present aggregates on them to a user. Similar to work in OLAP exploration, we define "interestingness" as how surprising an aggregated value is, based on a given expectation. We make two new contributions by proposing a novel "navigational" expectation that's particularly useful in the context of faceted search, and a novel interestingness measure through judicious application of p-values. Through a user survey, we find the new expectation and interestingness metric quite effective. We develop an efficient dynamic faceted search system by improving a popular open source engine, Solr. Our system exploits compressed bitmaps for caching the posting lists in an inverted index, and a novel directory structure called a bitset tree for fast bitset intersection. We conduct a comprehensive experimental study on large real data sets and show that our engine performs 2 to 3 times faster than Solr.