gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PaintCopter: An Autonomous UAV for Spray Painting on Three-Dimensional Surfaces (2018)

This letter describes a system for autonomous spray painting using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), suitable for industrial applications. The work is motivated by the potential for such a system to achieve accurate and fast painting results. The PaintCopter is a quadrotor that has been custom fitted with an arm plus a spray gun on a pan-tilt mechanism. To enable long deployment times for industrial painting tasks, power and paint are delivered by lines from an external unit. The ability to paint planar surfaces, such as walls in single color, is a basic requirement for a spray painting system. But this work addresses more sophisticated operation that subsumes the basic task, including painting on three-dimensional (3D) structure, and painting of a desired texture appearance. System operation consists of (a) an offline component to capture a 3D model of the target surface, (b) an offline component to design the painted surface appearance and generate the associated robotic painting commands, and (c) a live system that carries out the spray painting. Experimental results demonstrate autonomous spray painting by the UAV, doing area fill and versatile line painting on a 3D surface.
<i>In Situ</i> Tissue Engineering Using Magnetically Guided Three-Dimensional Cell Patterning (2012)

Manipulation of cell patterns in three dimensions in a manner that mimics natural tissue organization and function is critical for cell biological studies and likely essential for successfully regenerating tissues--especially cells with high physiological demands, such as those of the heart, liver, lungs, and articular cartilage.(1, 2) In the present study, we report on the feasibility of arranging iron oxide-labeled cells in three-dimensional hydrogels using magnetic fields. By manipulating the strength, shape, and orientation of the magnetic field and using crosslinking gradients in hydrogels, multi-directional cell arrangements can be produced in vitro and even directly in situ. We show that these ferromagnetic particles are nontoxic between 0.1 and 10 mg/mL; certain species of particles can permit or even enhance tissue formation, and these particles can be tracked using magnetic resonance imaging. Taken together, this approach can be adapted for studying basic biological processes in vitro, for general tissue engineering approaches, and for producing organized repair tissues directly in situ.
Discoverer: automatic protocol reverse engineering from network traces (2007)

Application-level protocol specifications are useful for many security applications, including intrusion prevention and detection that performs deep packet inspection and traffic normalization, and penetration testing that generates network inputs to an application to uncover potential vulnerabilities. However, current practice in deriving protocol specifications is mostly manual. In this paper, we present Discoverer, a tool for automatically reverse engineering the protocol message formats of an application from its network trace. A key property of Discoverer is that it operates in a protocol-independent fashion by inferring protocol idioms commonly seen in message formats of many application-level protocols. We evaluated the efficacy of Discoverer over one text protocol (HTTP) and two binary protocols (RPC and CIFS/SMB) by comparing our inferred formats with true formats obtained from Ethereal [5]. For all three protocols, more than 90 % of our inferred formats correspond to exactly one true format; one true format is reflected in five inferred formats on average; our inferred formats cover over 95 % of messages, which belong to 30-40 % of true formats observed in the trace. 1
From medical image to automatic medical report generation (2015)

We present a novel method for automatic breast radiology report generation from image data. We formalize this problem as learning to map a set of diverse image measurements to a set of discrete semantic descriptor values that represent the standard radiology lexicon. We use a structured learning framework to model individual semantic descriptors and their relationships. The parameters of the learned model are efficiently learned based on a training set of images using the structured support vector machine (SVM). The output report for a new image is generated in the form of a set of radiological lexicon descriptors. If the proposed method is used in a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system, radiologists should be able to easily understand the diagnosis decision of the system since the system output is the standard radiological lexicon used to make a diagnosis. We applied the method to breast imaging modalities, sonography, and mammography. Our experiments indicate that our method generalizes better than competing approaches. Although the proposed method is tested for breast imaging report generation, it should be useful in general doctors' practice, wherein there is a predefined set of medical descriptors to be acquired by a doctor during image investigation.
Production of chemicals from food processing wastes using a novel fermenter separator. Technical progress report, September 27-December 31, 1985 (1985)

The objective of this project is to perform fundamental, engineering design and operational studies in the area of food processing waste fermentation. Studies addressing the fermentation kinetics and nutritional requirement of immobilized cells and examining different packing materials and energy efficient ethanol separation concentration and recovery methods are underway. These data will be used to develop process design models to aid in designing enery efficient and cost effective processes for conversion of food processing wastes into chemicals. This project focuses on using a novel immobilized cell reactor separator (ICRS) for the production of volatile chemicals from waste food sources such as whey lactose, glucose from waste starch, or any other sort of waste fermentable carbohydrate. 53 refs., 3 figs.
“Microfluidic drifting”—implementing three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing with a single-layer planar microfluidic device (2007)

We introduce a novel fluid manipulation technique named "microfluidic drifting" to enable three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing with a simple single-layer planar microfluidic device.
A Live Attenuated H9N2 Avian Influenza Vaccine Prevents the Viral Reassortment by Exchanging the HA and NS1 Packaging Signals (2021)

The H9N2 avian influenza virus is not only an important zoonotic pathogen, it can also easily recombine with other subtypes to generate novel reassortments, such as the H7N9 virus. Although H9N2 live attenuated vaccines can provide good multiple immunities, including humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity, the risk of reassortment between the vaccine strain and wild-type virus is still a concern. Here, we successfully rescued an H9N2 live attenuated strain [rTX-NS1-128 (mut)] that can interdict reassortment, which was developed by exchanging the mutual packaging signals of HA and truncated NS1 genes and confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. The dynamic growth results showed that rTX-NS1-128 (mut) replication ability in chick embryos was not significantly affected by our construction strategy compared to the parent virus rTX strain. Moreover, rTX-NS1-128 (mut) had good genetic stability after 15 generations and possessed low pathogenicity and no contact transmission characteristics in chickens. Furthermore, chickens were intranasally immunized by rTX-NS1-128 (mut) with a single dose, and the results showed that the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers peaked at 3 weeks after vaccination and lasted at least until 11 weeks. The cellular immunity (IL-6 and IL-12) and mucosal immunity (IgA and IgG) in the nasal and trachea samples were significantly increased compared to inactivated rTX. Recombinant virus provided a good cross-protection against homologous TX strain (100%) and heterologous F98 strain (80%) challenge. Collectively, these data indicated that rTX-NS1-128(mut) lost the ability for independent reassortment of HA and NS1-128 and will be expected to be used as a potential live attenuated vaccine against H9N2 subtype avian influenza.
Modeling and Analysis of Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer Systems: A Network Approach (2018)

This paper introduces a two-port network based approach to model capacitive wireless power transfer systems. A simple, generic and unified model to describe capacitive WPT system, under variations has been developed. The behavioral model and methodology have been validated through simulations and experiments. A 75W experimental capacitive WPT prototype has been designed and examined for various operating conditions, at switching frequency of 1.55MHz. A very good agreement is obtained between the theoretical behavioral model predictions, simulations, and measured experimental results.
Bioavailability of the anti-clostridial bacteriocin thuricin CD in gastrointestinal tract (2013)

Thuricin CD is a two component narrow spectrum bacteriocin comprising two peptides with targeted activity against Clostridium difficile . This study examined the bioavailability of thuricin with a view to developing it as an effective antimicrobial against intestinal infection. One of the peptides, Trn-β, was found to be degraded by the gastric enzymes pepsin and α-chymotrypsin both in vitro and in vivo , whereas Trn-α was resistant to digestion by these enzymes and hence was detected in the intestinal porcine digesta following oral ingestion by pigs. In order to determine if spores of the producing organism Bacillus thuringiensis DPC 6431 could be used to deliver the bacteriocin to the gut, spores were fed to 30 mice (approx. 10 8 –2×10 8 per animal) and their germination, growth and production of thuricin in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the animals was monitored. Almost 99 % of the spores delivered to the GIT were excreted in the first 24 h and neither Trn-α nor Trn-β was detected in the gut or faecal samples of the test mice, indicating that ingestion of B. thuringiensis spores may not be a suitable vehicle for the delivery of thuricin CD. When thuricin CD was delivered rectally to mice ( n = 40) and C. difficile shedding monitored at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h post-treatment, there was a >95 % (>1.5 log units) reduction of C. difficile 027 in the colon contents of infected mice ( n = 10) 1 h post-treatment compared with the control group ( n = 10; P <0.001). Furthermore, 6 h post-treatment there was a further 1.5 log reduction in C. difficile numbers ( n = 10) relative to the control group ( n = 10; P <0.05). These results would suggest that rectal administration of thuricin may be a promising mode of delivery of thuricin CD to the colon.
A Methylene Group on C-2 of 24,24-Difluoro-19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> Markedly Increases Bone Calcium Mobilization in Vivo (2015)

Four side chain fluorinated analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D have been prepared in convergent syntheses using the Wittig-Horner reaction as a key step. Structures and absolute configurations of analogues 3 and 5 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All analogues showed high potency in HL-60 cell differentiation and vitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) transcription as compared to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1). Most important is that all of the 20S-configured derivatives (4 and 6) had high bone mobilizing activity in vivo. However, in the 20R series, a 2-methylene group was required for high bone mobilizing activity. A change in positioning of the 20R molecule in the vitamin D receptor when the 2-methylene group is present may provide new insight into the molecular basis of bone calcium mobilization induced by vitamin D.
Dual‐band CRLH branch‐line coupler in MIM technology (2006)

Abstract A dual‐band (DB) composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) branch‐line coupler implemented in metal–insulator–metal technology is presented. A simple and accurate circuit‐model design procedure for DB CRLH transmission lines is described and applied to the coupler. A prototype operating at 4.2 and 5.2 GHz is demonstrated in excellent agreement with both circuit and full‐wave simulations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48:2331–2333, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21948
Line power quality improvement for pulsed Electrostatic Precipitator systems (2010)

In this article the distortions caused by the pulsed operation of a group of power supplies (PS) feeding an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) are investigated, and means for improving the line quality are proposed. In order to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortions (THD) of the line current and also improve the loading balance between the phases, the pulses of the individual power supplies are scheduled and controlled together, so that the power consumption becomes more continuous. The proposed system optimization is experimentally verified with two commercially available ESP supplies, each having power capabilities of 120 kW. The study shows the advantages of the pulses scheduling strategy namely reduction of both reactive power consumption and line current peaks; better current THD; better power balance among mains phases; and better utilization of mains components.
A Fully Integrated Architecture for Fast and Accurate Programming of Floating Gates Over Six Decades of Current (2010)

This paper presents an on-chip system with digital serial peripheral interface (SPI) interface that enables accurate programming of floating gate arrays at a high speed. The main component allowing this speedup is a floating point current measuring analog-to-digital convertor (ADC). The ADC comprises a wide range logarithmic transimpedance amplifier (TIA) followed by a linear ramp ADC. The TIA operates over seven decades of current going down to sub-pA levels. It incorporates an adaptive biasing scheme to save power. The topology provides a relatively temperature independent measurement of the floating-gate voltage. The TIA-ADC combination operates over six decades at a thermal noise limited accuracy of 9.5 bits when average conversion time is around 500 μs. The system features level-shifters and selection circuitry at the periphery of the floating gate array, current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DACs) to set gate and drain voltages, and SPI for a microprocessor or field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Algorithms using either pulse-width modulation or drain voltage modulation can be implemented on this platform. We present data for this system from 0.5 μm AMI and 0.35 μ m TSMC processes.
A novel per‐oral insulin formulation: proof of concept study in non‐diabetic subjects (2004)

Insulin in combination with a novel delivery agent, SNAC, given orally, is absorbed through the GI tract in a biologically active form. This was demonstrated by a glucose lowering effect of the mixture as well as a suppression of an endogenous insulin secretion.
Analog placement based on novel symmetry-island formulation (2007)

In this paper, we present the first amortized linear-time packing algorithm for the placement with symmetry constraints. We first introduce the concept of a symmetry island which is formed by modules of the same symmetry group in a single connected placement. Based on this concept and the B*-tree representation, we propose automatically symmetric-feasible B*-trees (ASF-B*-trees) to directly model the placement of a symmetry island. Unlike the previous works that can handle only ID symmetry constraints, our ASF-B*-tree is the first in the literature to additionally consider 2D symmetry. We then present hierarchical B*-trees (HB*-trees) which can simultaneously optimize the placement with both symmetry islands and non-symmetry modules. Unlike the previous works, our approach can guarantee the close proximity of symmetry modules and significantly reduce the search space based on the symmetry-island formulation. In particular, the packing time for an ASF-B*- tree or an HB*-tree is the same as that for a plain B*-tree (only amortized linear) and much faster than previous works which need at least loglinear time. Experimental results show that our approach achieves the best published quality and runtime efficiency for analog placement.
Identification of a Key Determinant of Hepatitis C Virus Cell Culture Adaptation in Domain II of NS3 Helicase (2003)

Efficient replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicons in cell culture is associated with specific sequences not generally observed in vivo. These cell culture adaptive mutations dramatically increase the frequency with which replication is established in vitro. However, replicons derived from HCV isolates that have been shown to replicate in chimpanzees do not replicate in cell culture even when these adaptive mutations are introduced. To better understand this apparent paradox, we performed a gain-of-function screen to identify sequences that could confer cell culture replication competence to replicons derived from chimpanzee infectious HCV isolates. We found that residue 470 in domain II of the NS3 helicase is a critical determinant in cell culture adaptation. Substitutions in residue 470 when combined with the NS5A-S232I adaptive mutation are both necessary and sufficient to confer cell culture replication to otherwise inactive replicons, including those derived from genotype 1b HCV-BK and genotype 1a HCV-H77 isolates. The specific substitution at residue 470 required for replication is context-dependent, with R470M and P470L being optimal for the activity of HCV-BK and HCV-H77 replicons, respectively. Together these data indicate that mutations in the NS3 helicase domain II act in concert with previously identified adaptive mutations and predict that introduction of compatible residues at these positions can confer cell culture replication activity to diverse HCV isolates.
Optimally weighted wavelet transform based on supervised training for detection of microcalcifications in digital mammograms (1998)

We are developing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for detection of clustered microcalcifications in digital mammograms. The use of an empirically chosen wavelet and scale combination for detection of microcalcifications as an initial step of the CAD scheme has been reported by us previously. In this study, we developed a technique for optimizing the weights at individual scales in the wavelet transform to improve the performance of our CAD scheme based on the supervised learning method. In the learning process, an error function was formulated to represent the difference between a desired output and the reconstructed image obtained from weighted wavelet coefficients for a given mammogram. The error function was then minimized by modifying the weights for wavelet coefficients by means of a conjugate gradient algorithm. The Least Asymmetric Daubechies' wavelets were optimized with 297 regions of interest (ROIs) as a training set by a jackknife method. The performance of the optimally weighted wavelets was evaluated by means of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis by use of the above set of ROIs. The analysis yielded an average area under the ROC curve of 0.92, which outperforms the difference-image technique used in our existing CAD scheme, as well as the partial reconstruction method used in our previous study.
New camera module with thin structure, high resolution and distance-detection capability (2006)

Our new type of camera module has a four-lens-array and an imaging sensor. The imaging sensor is divided to four regions, and these four regions are aligned in one-to-one correspondence with the four lenses. Four color filters are placed over the four imaging regions. First region has a blue filter, second has a red, and the other two have green filters, and two regions with green filters are aligned diagonally. Diffraction gratings are formed on aspheric surfaces of the four lenses, and MTF characteristics of these lenses are improved. The four images taken through the different lenses have parallax, but these parallaxes can be calculated by comparison of the two green images. Pixel shifts of blue, red and green images are realized by rotating the four-lens-array slightly with respect to the imaging sensor. After correcting the parallaxes, the green image, the parallax-corrected blue image and the parallax-corrected red image are composed to generate the resultant color image with high resolution. Distances between objects and the four-lens-array are detected by use of the above parallaxes, and measurement error is less than 2.5% for near objects. With above configuration and functions, our camera module has realized smaller height, higher image resolution and distance-detection capability, and will be applied for cellular phones and automobile vehicles.
ThromboLUX - The First Routine Platelet Transfusion Quality Test (2010)

Prior to the ThromboLUX, no single in vitro test existed that could be used individually to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of platelet concentrates for transfusion. As hospitals cannot currently predict effective from ineffective transfusions prior to seeing patient responses, they purchase all platelet products. In North America every year over 3 million platelet transfusions are given to heart surgery, bleeding or cancer patients at a cost of at least 1.5 billion dollars. LightIntegra intends to make platelet quality testing a regular practice in blood banks around the world by making it accessible, affordable, reliable and fast. The ThromboLUX uses the principle of dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine the kind of particles in the platelet concentrate, how many of the particles exist, and how they respond to temperature stress. The temperature response of platelets was a breakthrough discovery and combined with state-of-the-art laser and optics technology the ThromboLUX addresses the market need to provide a safe, quick and simple diagnostic test for platelet quality and function. Provision of the ThromboLUX results prior to transfusion, will allow hospitals to reduce costs. As fewer ineffective transfusions will occur, and thus fewer repeat transfusions, hospitals will reduce platelet costs as they will only be purchasing ‘good’ platelet concentrates. Additionally, patient care will improve as physicians will no longer have the uncertainty of unsatisfactory transfusion outcome and patients will no longer be exposed to a huge, under-recognized risk. Patient costs will also decrease due to the reduction in the length of hospital stays. The significant cost reduction gained by eliminating the use of ineffective platelets, improved efficiency, and the correlation of the ThromboLUX test results with transfusion outcome are strong incentives for the adoption of ThromboLUX.