gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Touch Sensors with Overlapping Signals: Concept Investigation on Planar Sensors with Resistive or Optical Transduction (2018)

Traditional methods for achieving high localization accuracy on tactile sensors usually involve a matrix of miniaturized individual sensors distributed on the area of interest. This approach usually comes at a price of increased complexity in fabrication and circuitry, and can be hard to adapt to non-planar geometries. We propose a method where sensing terminals are embedded in a volume of soft material. Mechanical strain in this material results in a measurable signal between any two given terminals. By having multiple terminals and pairing them against each other in all possible combinations, we obtain a rich signal set using few wires. We mine this data to learn the mapping between the signals we extract and the contact parameters of interest. Our approach is general enough that it can be applied with different transduction methods, and achieves high accuracy in identifying indentation location and depth. Moreover, this method lends itself to simple fabrication techniques and makes no assumption about the underlying geometry, potentially simplifying future integration in robot hands.
Two-way (true full-duplex) wireless (2013)

Current wireless systems are one-way (similar to walkie-talkies), meaning that disjoint time or frequency segments are used to transmit and to receive. Realization of two-way wireless has challenged the research community for many years. This article <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> establishes the theory and presents practical realization of two-way (true full-duplex) wireless. In contrast to the widely accepted beliefs, it is shown that two-way wireless is not only feasible, but is fairly simple, with virtually no degradation in signal-to-noise-ratio <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The innovation is in the antenna design and multiple levels for cancelling self-interference. Methods are developed to support Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) two-way transmission, and asynchronous two-way links (useful in networking applications). The developed hardware uses off-the-shelf components, antennas have a simple structure, are omnidirectional (can be directional, if needed), do not suffer from bandwidth limitations, have a small size/spacing, and the increase in overall complexity is minimal. It is shown that two-way wireless can do more than doubling the rate. In particular: 1) Facilitates wireless networking. In particular, the ability to handle asynchronous users enables superimposing a half-duplex, low bit rate, low power, easy to detect network for control signaling superimposed (physical overlay, rather than logical) on top of the network of primary full-duplex data links. The superimposed links are separated from the primary full-duplex data links in the code domain, and use time multiplexing plus Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) among themselves. However, the conventional problems of CSMA are avoided as control links operate in parallel with primary full-duplex data links. The physical layer of control links is designed such that full-duplex data links can detect and cancel the interference caused by the superimposed control links. 2) Enhances security through desirable jamming. 3) Provides the ground to realize unconditional security (beyond computational or information theoretical security), using a simple method introduced in this article. 4) Facilitates multi-node distributed & collaborative signaling, including realization of Network Information Theoretic setups, and cognitive wireless. 5) Exploiting feedback, it improves point-to-point throughput, and enables ultra low power transmission. 6) Doubles the point-to-point throughput.
Integration of enhancement and depletion‐mode AlGaN/GaN MIS‐HFETs by fluoride‐based plasma treatment (2007)

Abstract Enhancement‐mode AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor HFETs (MIS‐HFETs) are demonstrated by combining CF 4 plasma treatment technique and a two‐step Si 3 N 4 deposition process. The threshold voltage has been shifted from –4 to 2 V using this technique. A 15 nm Si 3 N 4 layer is inserted under the gate to provide additional isolation between the gate metal and AlGaN surface, which can lead to higher gate turn‐on voltage. The two‐step Si 3 N 4 deposition process is developed to reduce the gate coupling capacitances in the source and drain access regions, while assuring the plasma‐treated gate region being fully covered by the gate electrode. The forward gate turn‐on voltage can be as large as 6.8 V. By tuning the plasma treatment parameters, the threshold voltage of the enhancement‐mode MIS‐HFETs can be raised to as high as 4.3 V. By integrating with depletion‐mode MIS‐HFETs, a direct‐coupled FET logic inverter has been fabricated, with logic low and high noise margins of 2.1 and 2 V. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Encapsulated volumetric acoustic array in the shape of a towed body (2002)

An encapsulation assembly includes a housing having a nose end, a tail end, and a body portion between the nose end and the tail end. A plurality of acoustic transducers are positioned within the body portion of the housing, each of the plurality of acoustic transducers having a wiring connection attached thereto. A tow cable is connected to the nose end of the housing and is in communication with the wiring connection from each of the plurality of acoustic transducers. A characteristic of the assembly is that at least the body portion of the housing is entirely formed of a solid casting of plastic material thereby environmentally isolating the plurality of acoustic transducers within the body portion of the housing. This configuration prevents water intrusion into the transducer elements, and increases the cavitation threshold for the acoustic array, thereby allowing the array to be driven to higher acoustic intensities.
Radiating surface plasmon nano-optics (2003)

Summary form only given. We have shown that nonilluminated metal surfaces away from the periodically arranged holes shine into the far-field. We identified the radiating SP mode, which is essentially the half wavelength standing wave as an extremely efficient mode of transmission. The dominance of this mode is a direct consequence of the constructive interference of multiply Bragg scattered surface plasmons and explains much of the previously debated puzzles.
Phase I clinical trial using escalating single-dose infusion of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (IDEC-C2B8) in patients with recurrent B-cell lymphoma (1994)

The B-cell antigen CD20 is expressed on normal B cells and by nearly all B-cell lymphomas. This nonmodulating antigen provides an excellent target for antibody-directed therapies. A chimeric anti-CD20 antibody (IDEC-C2B8), consisting of human IgG1-kappa constant regions and variable regions from the murine monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody IDEC- 2B8, has been produced for clinical trials. It lyses CD20+ cells in vitro via complement and antibody-dependent cell-mediated lysis. Preclinical studies have shown that the chimeric antibody selectively depletes B cells in blood and lymph nodes in macaque monkeys. In this phase I clinical trial, 15 patients (3 per dose level) with relapsed low-grade B-cell lymphoma were treated with a single dose (10, 50, 100, 250, or 500 mg/m2) of antibody administered intravenously. Treatment- related symptoms correlated with the number of circulating CD20 cells and grade II events consisted of fever (5 patients); nausea (2), rigor (2), orthostatic hypotension (2), bronchospasm (1), and thrombocytopenia (1). No significant toxicities were observed during the 3 months of follow-up. Serum C3, IgG, and IgM levels, neutrophils, and T cells were largely unchanged. At the three higher dose levels, pharmacokinetics of the free antibody showed a serum half-life of 4.4 days (range, 1.6 to 10.5). Levels greater than 10 micrograms/mL persisted in 6 of 9 patients for more than 14 days. No quantifiable immune responses to the infused antibody have been detected. CD20+ B cells were rapidly and specifically depleted in the peripheral blood at 24 to 72 hours and remained depleted for at least 2 to 3 months in most patients. Two-week postinfusion tumor biopsies showed the chimeric antibody bound to tumor cells and a decrease in the percentage of B cells. Tumor regressions occurred in 6 of 15 patients (2 partial and 4 minor responses). The results of this single-dose trial have been used to design a multiple-dose phase I/II study.
Computer‐aided detection of clustered microcalcifications in multiscale bilateral filtering regularized reconstructed digital breast tomosynthesis volume (2014)

MBSF regularized SART reconstruction enhances MCs. The enhancement in the signals, in combination with properly designed adaptive threshold criteria, effective MC feature analysis, and false positive reduction techniques, leads to a significant improvement in the detection of clustered MCs in DBT.
Abstract 1789: Auristatin-based antibody-drug conjugates are synergistic in combination with PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors in hematologic malignancies and carcinoma (2011)

Abstract Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that couple the potent anti-mitotic agents monomethyl auristatin E or F (MMAE or MMAF) to tumor antigen specific monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models. We report that the combination of auristatin-based ADCs with inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway improves cytotoxic activity in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line models. Implicated in tumor cell growth and survival, the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is frequently hyperactivated in carcinomas and hematologic malignancies with elevated AKT activity reported in ∼64% of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells and 25-52% of primary patient diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. We produced dose response curves for auristatin ADCs and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors, alone and in combination, and then performed combination index (CI) analysis using the Chou-Talalay method. The CD30-targeting ADC brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) and the CD19-targeting ADC (SGN-19A) were synergistic (CI &lt; 0.7) with the allosteric mTORC1 inhibitors sirolimus and temsirolimus in panel of lymphoma cell lines. Similarly, a CD70 targeting ADC (SGN-75) was synergistic with sirolimus and temsirolimus in RCC cell lines. Unconjugated MMAE drug was synergistic in combination with sirolimus and temsirolimus, proving the auristatin component of the ADC is responsible for enhanced combinatorial activity. Next, we found that brentuximab vedotin, SGN-19A, and SGN-75 were each synergistic with NVP-BEZ235, a dual specificity PI3K and mTORC1/2 catalytic site inhibitor. Therefore, the synergy observed with auristatin ADCs is generalizable to inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and not unique to rapamycin analogs. Finally, the brentuximab vedotin combination with temsirolimus was evaluated in a L428 mouse xenograft model of B-like HL. Temsirolimus and brentuximab vedotin alone showed antitumor activity in the L428 model; however, the brentuximab vedotin plus temsirolimus combination had significantly greater (P-value = 0.001) antitumor activity than either drug alone. The mechanism for the synergy observed in these combinations may involve reduced expression of antiapoptotic proteins by mTOR pathway inhibitors, which sensitizes cancer cells to auristatin ADCs. Collectively, these data suggest the potential for auristatin ADC plus mTOR inhibitor cotherapy in PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway hyperactivated lymphomas and carcinomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1789. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1789
Design and optimization of electrostatic fluid accelerators (2006)

Electrostatic air propulsion is a promising technology with such potential applications as energy-efficient ventilation, air sterilization, cooling of electronics, and dehumidification. The challenges of existing designs include the need to increase air speed, backpressure, energy efficiency, and heat exchange capability. The ultimate goal of this direction of research is to create multi-channel energy efficient ionic pumps. In the described project, a single cell analysis is conducted in this study as a building block of future designs. This paper presents the numerical simulation and experimental results of electrostatic fluid accelerators. This study was conducted for the purpose of optimizing device characteristics through the control of the electric field distribution. Simulations were performed for multiple collector electrode voltage distributions. A method to quantify the change in pump performance between different voltage distributions is presented. The influence of space charge on pump performance is also discussed. A significant improvement of air velocity generated by optimized electrostatic fluid accelerators has been achieved using the proposed approach.
Implementing variable valve actuation on a diesel engine at high-speed idle operation for improved aftertreatment warm-up (2019)

Aftertreatment thermal management is critical for regulating emissions in modern diesel engines. Elevated engine-out temperatures and mass flows are effective at increasing the temperature of an aftertreatment system to enable efficient emission reduction. In this effort, experiments and analysis demonstrated that increasing the idle speed, while maintaining the same idle load, enables improved aftertreatment “warm-up” performance with engine-out NOx and particulate matter levels no higher than a state-of-the-art thermal calibration at conventional idle operation (800 rpm and 1.3 bar brake mean effective pressure). Elevated idle speeds of 1000 and 1200 rpm, compared to conventional idle at 800 rpm, realized 31%–51% increase in exhaust flow and 25 °C–40 °C increase in engine-out temperature, respectively. This study also demonstrated additional engine-out temperature benefits at all three idle speeds considered (800, 1000, and 1200 rpm, without compromising the exhaust flow rates or emissions, by modulating the exhaust valve opening timing. Early exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 50 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder via an early blowdown of the exhaust gas. This early blowdown of exhaust gas also reduces the time available for particulate matter oxidization, effectively limiting the ability to elevate engine-out temperatures for the early exhaust valve opening strategy. Alternatively, late exhaust valve opening realizes up to ~51% increase in exhaust flow and 91 °C increase in engine-out temperature relative to conventional idle operation by forcing the engine to work harder to pump in-cylinder gases across a smaller exhaust valve opening. In short, this study demonstrates how increased idle speeds, and exhaust valve opening modulation, individually or combined, can be used to significantly increase the “warm-up” rate of an aftertreatment system.
<title>3D SAR approach to IF SAR processing</title> (2000)

Interferometric SAR (IFSAR) can be shown to be a special case of 3-D SAR image formation. In fact, traditional IFSAR processing results in the equivalent of merely a super- resolved, under-sampled, 3-D SAR image. However, when approached as a 3-D SAR problem, a number of IFSAR properties and anomalies are easily explained. For example, IFSAR decorrelation with height is merely ordinary migration in 3-D SAR. Consequently, treating IFSAR as a 3-D SAR problem allows insight and development of proper motion compensation techniques and image formation operations to facilitate optimal height estimation. Furthermore, multiple antenna phase centers and baselines are easily incorporated into this formulation, providing essentially a sparse array in the elevation dimension. This paper shows the Polar Format image formation algorithm extended to 3 dimensions, and then proceeds to apply it to the IFSAR collection geometry. This suggests a more optimal reordering of the traditional IFSAR processing steps.
ZOZZLE: fast and precise in-browser JavaScript malware detection (2011)

JavaScript malware-based attacks account for a large fraction of successful mass-scale exploitation happening today. Attackers like JavaScript-based attacks because they can be mounted against an unsuspecting user visiting a seemingly innocent web page. While several techniques for addressing these types of exploits have been proposed, in-browser adoption has been slow, in part because of the performance overhead these methods incur. In this paper, we propose ZOZZLE, a low-overhead solution for detecting and preventing JavaScript malware that is fast enough to be deployed in the browser. Our approach uses Bayesian classification of hierarchical features of the JavaScript abstract syntax tree to identify syntax elements that are highly predictive of malware. Our experimental evaluation shows that ZOZZLE is able to detect JavaScript malware through mostly static code analysis effectively. ZOZZLE has an extremely low false positive rate of 0.0003%, which is less than one in a quarter million. Despite this high accuracy, the ZOZZLE classifier is fast, with a throughput of over one megabyte of JavaScript code per second. 1
Influence of prerandomization (baseline) variables on mortality and on the reduction of mortality by enalapril : veterans affairs comperative study on vasodilator therapy of heart failure (V-HeFT II) (1993)

Background. The effects of hydralazine plus isosorbide dinitrate were compared with those of enalapril in 804 men receiving digoxin and diuretic therapy for chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) in the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Vasodilator-Heart Failure Trial (V-HeFT II). Methods and Results. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg of enalapril or 300 mg of hydralazine plus 160 mg of isosorbide dinitrate daily. At 2 years, treatment with enalapril resulted in a significant (28%) reduction in mortality relative to the active control treatment. Baseline variables were examined to determine their impact on risk of mortality and on relative response to treatment
Piezoelectric properties in (K<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO <sub>3</sub>-(Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO <sub>3</sub> lead-free ceramics (2007)

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) x(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-y(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-zBaTiO3 [x + y + z = 1; y:z = 2:1] were synthesized using conventional, solid-state processing. Dielectric maximum temperatures of 280 degrees C and 262 degrees C were found for tetragonal 0.79(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.14(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.07BaTiO3 (BNBK79) and MPB composition 0.88(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.08(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.04BaTiO3 (BNBK88), with depolarization temperatures of 224 degrees C and 162 degrees C, respectively. Piezoelectric coefficients d33 were found to be 135 pC/N and 170 pC/N for BNBK79 and BNBK88, and the piezoelectric d31 was determined to be -37 pC/N and -51 pC/N, demonstrating strong anisotropy. Coercive field values were found to be 37 kV/cm and 29 kV/cm for BNBK79 and BNBK88, respectively. The remanent polarization of BNBK88 (approximately 40 microC/cm2) was larger than that of BNBK79 (approximately 29 microC/cm2). The piezoelectric, electromechanical, and high-field strain behaviors also were studied as a function of temperature and discussed.
Complementary DNA cloning of a novel epithelial cell marker protein, HME1, that may be down-regulated in neoplastic mammary cells. (1992)

A full-length complementary DNA clone from a normal human mammary epithelial cell (strain 184) encoding a 25-kilodalton protein, HME1, was isolated. Expression of HME1 RNA appears to be limited to epithelial cells. The HME1 sequence has extensive sequence homology with bovine 14-3-3 protein, which is an activator of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase. However, the tissue distribution, arrangement of charged amino acids, and location of potential phosphorylation sites of HME1 differ from those of 14-3-3. Compared with normal mammary epithelial cells, expression of HME1 RNA was dramatically low in two cell lines derived from human mammary carcinoma that were examined, and in a line of normal mammary epithelial cells transformed by oncogenes. HME1 therefore appears to be a cellular differentiation marker that may be down-regulated during neoplastic transformation.
[Derivatives of 3-hydrazinopyridazine. II. Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of new 3-hydrazino-6-monoalkylaminopyridazines]. (1978)

The synthesis of some 3-hydrazino-6-monoalkylaminopyridazines (VIII) by reaction of 3,6-dichloropyridazine with various N-monoalkylbenzylamines, followed by reaction with hydrazine and final debenzylation in an acidic medium, is described. The new compounds were evaluated as antihypertensive agents and exhibited the same or higher activity than hydralazine, but lower activity than propildazine (ISF 2123).
<title>Self-calibrated interferometric/intensity-based optical fiber sensors</title> (1998)

Self-calibrated interferometric/intensity-based (SCIIB) fiber sensors are describe in this paper. The sensor operates on the absolute detection of signals form a Fabry- Perot interferometric cavity. The incorporation of coherence-sliced self-calibration allows compensation for all unwanted factors, such as source power variations and fiber loss changes. Pressure sensors with various dynamic ranges were designed and fabricated based on the SCIIB scheme. Experimental results indicate that the novel sensor scheme offers excellent resolution and accuracy with absolute measurement and self-calibration function.
Human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells improve cognitive function and physical activity in ageing mice (2013)

Brain ageing leads to atrophy and degeneration of the cholinergic nervous system, resulting in profound neurobehavioral and cognitive dysfunction from decreased acetylcholine biosynthesis and reduced secretion of growth and neurotrophic factors. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) were intravenously (1 × 10(6) cells) or intracerebroventricularly (4 × 10(5) cells) transplanted into the brains of 18-month-old mice once or four times at 2-week intervals. Transplantation of ADMSCs improved both locomotor activity and cognitive function in the aged animals, in parallel with recovery of acetylcholine levels in brain tissues. Transplanted cells differentiated into neurons and, in part, into astrocytes and produced choline acetyltransferase proteins. Transplantation of ADMSCs restored microtubule-associated protein 2 in brain tissue and enhanced Trk B expression and the concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor. These results indicate that human ADMSCs differentiate into neural cells in the brain microenvironment and can restore physical and cognitive functions of aged mice not only by increasing acetylcholine synthesis but also by restoring neuronal integrity that may be mediated by growth/neurotrophic factors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.