gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplierless Algorithm for Multivariate Gaussian Random Number Generation in FPGAs (2013)

The multivariate Gaussian distribution is used to model random processes with distinct pair-wise correlations, such as stock prices that tend to rise and fall together. Multivariate Gaussian vectors with length n are usually produced by first generating a vector of n independent Gaussian samples, then multiplying with a correlation inducing matrix requiring O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) multiplications. This paper presents a method of generating vectors directly from the uniform distribution, removing the need for an expensive scalar Gaussian generator, and eliminating the need for any multipliers. The method relies only on small read-only memories and adders, and so can be implemented using only logic resources (lookup-tables and registers), saving multipliers, and block-memory resources for the numerical simulation that the multivariate generator is driving. The new method provides a ten times increase in performance (vectors/second) over the fastest existing field-programmable gate array generation method, and also provides a five times improvement in performance per resource over the most efficient existing method. Using this method, a single 400-MHz Virtex-5 FPGA can generate vectors ten times faster than an optimized implementation on a 1.2-GHz graphics processing unit, and a hundred times faster than vectorized software on a general purpose quad core 2.2-GHz processor.
Exploration of a Series of 5-Arylidene-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones as Inhibitors of the Cytolytic Protein Perforin (2013)

A series of novel 5-arylidene-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones were investigated as inhibitors of the lymphocyte-expressed pore-forming protein perforin. Structure-activity relationships were explored through variation of an isoindolinone or 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinone subunit on a fixed 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one/thiophene core. The ability of the resulting compounds to inhibit the lytic activity of both isolated perforin protein and perforin delivered in situ by natural killer cells was determined. A number of compounds showed excellent activity at concentrations that were nontoxic to the killer cells, and several were a significant improvement on previous classes of inhibitors, being substantially more potent and soluble. Representative examples showed rapid and reversible binding to immobilized mouse perforin at low concentrations (≤2.5 μM) by surface plasmon resonance and prevented formation of perforin pores in target cells despite effective target cell engagement, as determined by calcium influx studies. Mouse PK studies of two analogues showed T1/2 values of 1.1-1.2 h (dose of 5 mg/kg i.v.) and MTDs of 60-80 mg/kg (i.p.).
3D Convolutional Neural Networks for Crop Classification with Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images (2018)

This study describes a novel three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural networks (CNN) based method that automatically classifies crops from spatio-temporal remote sensing images. First, 3D kernel is designed according to the structure of multi-spectral multi-temporal remote sensing data. Secondly, the 3D CNN framework with fine-tuned parameters is designed for training 3D crop samples and learning spatio-temporal discriminative representations, with the full crop growth cycles being preserved. In addition, we introduce an active learning strategy to the CNN model to improve labelling accuracy up to a required threshold with the most efficiency. Finally, experiments are carried out to test the advantage of the 3D CNN, in comparison to the two-dimensional (2D) CNN and other conventional methods. Our experiments show that the 3D CNN is especially suitable in characterizing the dynamics of crop growth and outperformed the other mainstream methods.
Associations and prognostic interactions between circulating levels of hepcidin, ferritin and inflammatory cytokines in primary myelofibrosis (2013)

Iron homeostasis is dysregulated in primary myelofibrosis (PMF), given the high prevalence of anemia, need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, and disease-associated inflammatory state. We measured plasma hepcidin levels in 203 consecutive PMF patients at the time of first referral; hepcidin levels were significantly higher as compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001), and were correlated with hemoglobin of <10 g/dL, RBC transfusion requirement, serum ferritin of >500 µg/L, higher dynamic international prognostic scoring system (DIPSS)-plus risk category, the presence of circulating blasts, age of >65 years, and leukocyte count of <4 × 10(9) /L. Increased hepcidin levels predicted for inferior survival independent of six out of the eight DIPSS-plus prognostic parameters (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; P = 0.02), but not when RBC transfusion requirement, hemoglobin of <10 g/dL, or increased serum ferritin were included in the Cox model. Multivariable analysis that considered the four overlapping prognostic variables revealed that increased hepcidin (HR = 1.9; P = 0.03) and increased ferritin (HR = 2.3; P = 0.04), but not hemoglobin of <10 g/dL or RBC transfusion requirement, independently retained their significance for predicting survival. Accordingly, increased levels of both hepcidin and serum ferritin (seen in 29% of patients) predicted inferior survival independent of DIPSS-plus or increased inflammatory cytokine levels (HR = 2.4; P = 0.002), and could be considered in future prognostic models for PMF.
Predictive Control in Power Electronics and Drives (2008)

Predictive control is a very wide class of controllers that have found rather recent application in the control of power converters. Research on this topic has been increased in the last years due to the possibilities of today's microprocessors used for the control. This paper presents the application of different predictive control methods to power electronics and drives. A simple classification of the most important types of predictive control is introduced, and each one of them is explained including some application examples. Predictive control presents several advantages that make it suitable for the control of power converters and drives. The different control schemes and applications presented in this paper illustrate the effectiveness and flexibility of predictive control.
Continuous Simultaneous Detection in Mass Spectrometry (2007)

In mass spectrometry, several advantages can be derived when multiple mass-to-charge values are detected simultaneously and continuously. One such advantage is an improved duty cycle, which leads to superior limits of detection, better precision, shorter analysis times, and reduced sample sizes. A second advantage is the ability to reduce correlated noise by taking the ratio of two or more simultaneously collected signals, enabling greatly enhanced isotope ratio data. A final advantage is the elimination of spectral skew, leading to more accurate transient signal analysis. Here, these advantages are demonstrated by means of a novel Faraday-strip array detector coupled to a Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrograph. The same system is used to monitor elemental fractionation phenomena in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Size-Dependent Light-Driven Effect Observed for Azo Polymer Colloidal Spheres with Different Average Diameters (2009)

In this work, colloidal spheres with different average diameters were prepared by using azo polymers (BP-AZ-CA and BP-AZ-NT) and photoinduced deformation behavior of the colloidal spheres was studied. The colloidal spheres were prepared through gradual hydrophobic aggregation of the polymeric chains in THF/H2O media and characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The colloidal spheres with different average diameters were obtained by adjusting the polymer concentration and water-adding rate in the preparation processes. The photoinduced deformation behavior was studied by irradiating the colloidal spheres in the solid state with a linearly polarized Ar+ laser beam (488 nm, 80 mW/cm2). Upon being irradiated with light, the colloidal spheres were elongated along the polarization direction of the laser beam. Results show that the deformation rate, maximum deformation degree, and even deformed shape are closely related to the average diameters of the colloidal spheres. Under the same light irradiation condition, the colloidal spheres with average diameters in the range of 200-300 nm show the fastest deformation rate and largest deformation degree among the series. For colloids similar in size, the BP-AZ-CA colloidal spheres exhibit deformation rates significantly faster than those of the BP-AZ-NT colloidal spheres. The BP-AZ-CA colloidal spheres with an average diameter of 510 nm show more complicated "spindle-like" or "tadpole-like" shapes after light irradiation for 45-85 min. These results clearly indicate that the photoinduced deformation behavior is significantly dependent on the sizes of the colloidal spheres. The observation can shed some new light on the possible mechanism of the photoinduced colloid deformation.
Printer MIB v2 (2004)

This document provides definitions of models and manageable objects
for printing environments. The objects included in this MIB apply to
physical, as well as logical entities within a printing device. This
document obsoletes RFC 1759. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Measurements of Film-Substrate Bond Strength by Laser Spallation (1978)

Laser spallation is a technique for detaching thin films from substrates by impinging a pulsed, high-energy laser beam onto the back side of a substrate (made opaque in the case of transparent substrates). The explosive evaporation of absorbing material on the back side sends a recoil compressive shock wave through the substrate toward the film-substrate interface. The substrate then snaps back in tension. Threshold values for film detachment can yield information about the film-substrate bonds without contact with or disturbance of the film surface. Thus damage propagated to the interface from film surface disturbance is eliminated. In some cases it is possible to examine [for example, by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)] the spalled dot and the region of the substrate from which it was spalled to determine the locus of failure and to obtain information about interface formation.
Sorted and Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks for Transistor-Based Aqueous Chemical Sensors (2009)

Detecting trace amounts of analytes in aqueous systems is important for health diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and national security applications. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are ideal components for both the sensor material and active signal transduction layer because of their excellent electronic properties and high aspect ratio consisting of entirely surface atoms. Submonolayer arrays, or networks of SWNTs (SWNTnts) are advantageous, and we show that topology characteristics of the SWNT network, such as alignment, degree of bundling, and chirality enrichment strongly affect the sensor performance. To enable this, thin-film transistor (TFT) sensors with SWNTnts were deposited using a one-step, low-cost, solution- based method on a polymer dielectric, allowing us to achieve stable low-voltage operation under aqueous conditions. These SWNT-TFTs were used to detect trace concentrations, down to 2 ppb, of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) in aqueous solutions. Along with reliable cycling underwater, the TFT sensors fabricated with aligned, sorted nanotube networks (enriched with semiconductor SWNTs) showed a higher sensitivity to analytes than those fabricated with random, unsorted networks with predominantly metallic charge transport.
Humanized anti-CD123 antibody facilitates NK cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of Hodgkin lymphoma targets via ARF6/PLD-1 (2019)

CD123 (IL-3Rα) is frequently expressed by malignant Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cells. Naked monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against HL lack clinical benefit, partially due to absence of natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here we show that the combination of a fully humanized anti-CD123 mAb (CSL362) and high-affinity Fcγ-receptor NK-92 cells (haNK) effectively target and kill HL cells in vitro. First, we confirmed high expression of CD123 in 2 of the 3 HL cell lines (KM-H2 and L-428), and its absence in NK cells. Cytotoxicity of haNK cells against CD123-positive HL cells was significantly higher in the presence of CSL362. This was also shown with IL-15-activated primary NK cells, although haNK cells showed a 10.87-fold lower estimated half-maximal stimulatory effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>). CSL362 facilitated a significant increase in the expression of CD107a, intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α and enhanced expression of c-JUN, PLD-1, and ARF6 by NK cells. Inhibition of the ARF6-PLD-1 axis (NAV2729), but not of the MAPK pathway (U0126), completely abrogated CSL362-facilitated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in haNK and activated primary NK cells. Our results support CD123 as an immunotherapeutic target for HL and the combination of NK cells and CSL362 as a treatment strategy for HL.
A role for magnesium in the regulation of ruminal sodium transport (2006)

The ruminal epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium that has evolved to display functions essential for the unique ability of cows and sheep to ferment dietary components like carbohydrates and protein, and to selectively absorb nutrients and minerals for the production of milk.A characteristic property of this tissue is its pronounced ability to transport magnesium against an electrochemical gradient.Absorption of magnesium is reduced by dietary elevation of ruminal potassium, leading to hypomagnesaemia that can reach clinical significance.Studies of the intact tissue and of isolated cells suggest that cellular magnesium uptake is decreased by apical depolarization of the ruminal membrane, resulting in both a lower cytosolic concentration and transepithelial transport of the element.Another characteristic feature of this unusual epithelium is the expression of a sodium-conducting channel with functional properties that are clearly distinct from the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) found in most mammalian epithelia.Thus, it has not been possible to demonstrate direct regulation of ruminal sodium transport by aldosterone, and the effects of amiloride are clearly limited to an inhibition of the sodium proton exchanger (NHE3) expressed by this tissue.Studies at the level of the animal and the tissue suggest that sodium conductance is enhanced by depolarization of the apical membrane.Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that ruminal epithelial cells express non-selective cation channels in the apical membrane that are regulated by changes in cytosolic magnesium.We propose that the reduction in ruminal magnesium uptake observed after ingestion of high potassium fodder may be related to a role for magnesium in a signaling cascade that leads to an increase in the permeability of this non-selective cation channel for sodium, thus enhancing absorption of this ion from the rumen and restoring ruminal osmolarity, while contributing to the retention of potassium.
THIS1 is a putative lipase that regulates tillering, plant height, and spikelet fertility in rice (2013)

Proper branching and successful reproductive growth is of great importance for rice productivity. Substantial progress has been made in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying tillering control and spikelet sterility. However, rice tillering is developmentally controlled, and how it is regulated coordinately with reproductive growth remains unclear. This study characterized a rice mutant, the most obvious phenotypes of which are high tillering, reduced height, and infertile spikelets (named this1). Similarly to the high tiller number and dwarf mutants in rice, the increased tiller number of this1 plants is ascribed to the release of tiller bud outgrowth rather than to increased tiller bud formation. In the this1 mutant, however, the accelerated rate of branching was delayed until the stem elongation stage, while other mutants lost the ability to control branching at all developmental stages. The seed-setting rate of this1 was less than half that of the wild type, owing to defects in pollen maturation, anther dehiscence, and flower opening. Histological analyses showed that the mutation in this1 resulted in anisotropic cell expansion and cell division. Using a map-based cloning approach, This1 was found to encode a class III lipase. Homology searches revealed that THIS1 is conserved in both monocots and eudicots, suggesting that it plays fundamental role in regulating branch and spikelet fertility, as well as other aspects of developmental control. The relative change in expression of marker genes highlighted the possibility that This1 is involved in phytohormone signalling pathways, such as those for strigolactone and auxin. Thus, This1 provides joint control between shoot branching and reproductive development.
Survivin Reads Phosphorylated Histone H3 Threonine 3 to Activate the Mitotic Kinase Aurora B (2010)

A hallmark of mitosis is the appearance of high levels of histone phosphorylation, yet the roles of these modifications remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that histone H3 phosphorylated at threonine 3 is directly recognized by an evolutionarily conserved binding pocket in the BIR domain of Survivin, which is a member of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). This binding mediates recruitment of the CPC to chromosomes and the resulting activation of its kinase subunit Aurora B. Consistently, modulation of the kinase activity of Haspin, which phosphorylates H3T3, leads to defects in the Aurora B-dependent processes of spindle assembly and inhibition of nuclear reformation. These findings establish a direct cellular role for mitotic histone H3T3 phosphorylation, which is read and translated by the CPC to ensure accurate cell division.
The role of software processes and communication in offshore software development (2002)

Offshore software development is a new trend in the information technology (IT) outsourcing field, fueled by the globalization of IT and the improvement of telecommunication facilities. Countries such as India, Ireland, and Israel have established a significant presence in this market. In this article, we discuss how software processes affect offshore development projects. We use data from projects in India, and focus on three measures of project performance: effort, elapsed time, and software rework.
Twentieth-Century Sea Surface Temperature Trends (1997)

An analysis of historical sea surface temperatures provides evidence for global warming since 1900, in line with land-based analyses of global temperature trends, and also shows that over the same period, the eastern equatorial Pacific cooled and the zonal sea surface temperature gradient strengthened. Recent theoretical studies have predicted such a pattern as a response of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system to an exogenous heating of the tropical atmosphere. This pattern, however, is not reproduced by the complex ocean-atmosphere circulation models currently used to simulate the climatic response to increased greenhouse gases. Its presence is likely to lessen the mean 20th-century global temperature change in model simulations.
Carbon Dioxide Capture From Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Using Temperature Swing Adsorption (2019)

In order to reduce the CO2 emissions in the transportation sector, one can electrify the vehicle, switch to biofuel, or capture and store CO2 on board. In this study, integration of an on board CO2 capture and storage unit with an internal combustion engine has been proposed. The technology can be applied for various internal combustion or Stirling engines with targeted applications in the transportation sector. Truck transport for goods delivery is used as an example for on board CO2 capture and storage system design. The investigated system integrates a temperature swing adsorption system for CO2 capture with a turbo-compressor system to compress and liquefy the captured CO2 using the waste heat of the exhaust gases of the engine. Energy and exergy analyses of the proposed CO2 captured system are studied in details. The CO2 capture system for engine exhaust stream (car, truck, bus, ship or train) can capture 90% of the emitted CO2, without any energy penalty. This system can be integrated into overall mobility system (fuel-engine-CO2-fuel), where captured CO2 can be recycled as conventional liquid or gaseous fuels produced from renewable energy sources. Keywords: Carbon Dioxide Capture; Internal Combustion Engine; Exergy Analysis; Temperature Swing Adsorption; System Design and Integration; Heat Exchanger Network.
Endothelial progenitor cell therapy for the treatment of coronary disease, acute MI, and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Current perspectives (2007)

Since their identification in 1997, bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been studied for their role in the endogenous maintenance and repair of endothelium and their potential regenerative capacity beyond the endothelium. In particular, EPCs have been tested in cell therapy approaches with the aim of developing novel therapies for conditions currently lacking effective treatment options. In this review, we discuss the scientific background and clinical experience using EPC delivery or mobilization for the treatment of post-angioplasty restenosis, acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although these approaches are safe, efficacy has yet to be proven in large randomized clinical trials. Unfortunately, the biology of EPCs is still poorly understood. The success of future clinical trials depends on a better understanding of EPC biology and intelligent design.
Nitric oxide synthase II suppresses the growth and metastasis of human cancer regardless of its up-regulation of protumor factors (2005)

Inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) II has been implicated in macrophage-mediated antitumor activity. However, use of the NOS II gene in cancer therapy is problematic because of the double-edged nature of NO action. Herein we show that adenoviral vectors mediated effective NOS II gene transfer into various human tumors. Production of NO significantly up-regulated multiple angiogenic molecules. However, the NO-producing tumor cells did not form tumors or metastases in ectopic or orthotopic xenograft nude mouse models. The dramatic loss of malignancy was due to NO-mediated apoptosis. We also generated a series of adenoviral vectors harboring mutant NOS II genes that expressed mutant NOS II proteins with defined levels of enzymatic activity. Tumor cells transduced with these NOS II genes produced NO at different levels, which directly correlated with the antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo . This demonstration using a relevant biological system shows that NO produces dose-dependent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo , regardless of its up-regulation of protumor factors.