gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification, biochemical characterization, and biological function of human esterase D. (1986)

Human esterase D (carboxylesterase; carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1), a genetic marker of retinoblastoma, was purified to biochemical homogeneity from erythrocytes. The purification scheme including carboxymethylcellulose, phenyl-Sepharose, chromatofocusing, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies resulted in a 10,000-fold purification of the enzyme with 15% recovery of total activity. The Km of esterase D was estimated to be 10 X 10(-6) M using 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate as substrate. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and HgCl2, suggesting an important role of SH group(s) in enzyme function. Specific rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies against esterase D were prepared and recognized either denatured or native human esterase D protein. Moreover, the polyclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated a polypeptide with a molecular mass of about 33-34 kDa from various cell lines of different mammalian species, indicating that the esterase D protein is highly conserved. The highest levels of this enzyme were found in liver and kidney. Furthermore, the expression of esterase D was enhanced 3-fold in a promonocytic cell line treated with phenobarbital but not with phorbol myristate acetate, suggesting that esterase D may have a role in detoxification. The availability of the homogeneous protein and its specific antibodies allows for cloning of the esterase D gene and facilitates studies of retinoblastomas.
A study on wafer level TSV build-up integration method (2013)

TSV (Through-Silicon Via) 3D packaging technology has been and continues to be investigated by many of the semiconductor manufacturer and research institute as a practical way to achieve higher performance and smaller form factors. Compared with conventional 2D packaging, this can increase packing density and reduce power consumption dramatically because of shorter interconnection by vertical directional stacking. So far 3D stacking technology based on W2W bonding has developed widely such as 3D Image sensor and 3D stacking memory because it has the advantage of easier alignment and higher throughput compared with chip-to-chip bonding. However, the wafer level 3D stacking method can be only applicable to products with high production yield because overall yield of 3D stacking chips depends on the yield of multiple stacked layers. In this paper, we suggested wafer level build-up stacking process using oxide bonding and molten metal filling newly, which temporary bonding process is unnecessary and demonstrated it through experiments. Thermal stress analysis was carried out to compare the structural reliability between conventional TSV and the proposed TSV model. The simulation results indicate that the proposed TSV model is more reliable than the conventional model with respect to stress in the stack chip.
A passive nonlinear digital filter design which facilitates physics-based sound synthesis of highly nonlinear musical instruments (1997)

Recent work has led to highly efficient physics-based computational models of wave propagation in strings, acoustic tubes, membranes, plates, and rooms using the digital waveguide filter, the 2-D digital waveguide mesh, and the 3-D tetrahedral digital waveguide mesh, all of which are suitable for real-time musical synthesis applications. A simple first-order nonlinear filter structure derived from a passive nonlinear impedance circuit is described which extends the usefulness of these models, and which avoids the difficulties of energy conservation when memoryless nonlinearities are inserted in resonant feedback systems.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced MAP kinase/NF-kB mediated severe sepsis (2015)

The life threatening disease of sepsis is associated with high mortality. Septic patient survivability with currently available treatments has failed to improve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced sepsis mortality and associated hepatic dysfunction can be prevented by cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) treatment in male Sprague Dawley rats. Here we provide the information about the methods processing of raw data related to our study published in Biomaterials (Selvaraj et al., Biomaterials, 2015, In press) and Data in Brief (Selvaraj et al., Data in Brief, 2015, In Press). The data present here provides confirmation of cerium oxide nanoparticle treatments ability to prevent the LPS induced sepsis associated changes in physiological, blood cell count, inflammatory protein and growth factors in vivo. In vitro assays investigation the treated of macrophages cells with different concentrations of cerium oxide nanoparticle demonstrate that concentration of cerium oxide nanoparticles below 1 µg/ml did not significantly influence cell survival as determined by the MTT assay.
151  kA/cm 2 peak current densities in Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes for high-power mixed-signal applications (2003)

Room-temperature I–V characteristics of epitaxially grown Si/SiGe resonant interband tunneling diodes (RITDs) with extremely high peak current densities are presented. By optimizing the physical design, doping concentrations, and post-growth anneal temperatures, RITDs having peak current densities over 150 kA/cm2, peak-to-valley current ratios (PVCRs) greater than 2, and an estimated speed index of 34 mV/ps have been obtained. The interplay among the conditions to achieve maximum current density and highest PVCR is discussed. This result demonstrates the high potential of this type of Si-based tunnel diode for high-power mixed-signal applications.
Initial Validation of a Novel Neuro-Ophthalmologic Set-Shifting Saccade Task (I13.007) (2016)

Objective: To validate a novel neuro-ophthalmologic set-shifting task in healthy subjects against current neuro-ophthalmologic tools used in the detection of concussion. Background: Saccade-based tasks evolved from the Pierce task, through the King-Devick (KD) Test, to the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test and are used for developmental assessment and concussion testing. Although the DEM test improves on both tasks by introducing reading direction in the horizontal and vertical orientation to deconvolve number naming automaticity from saccade performance, the majority of field testing continues to use the KD test and sensitivity of these tests can be further improved. Methods: The present study compared performance on the novel Cerora Saccade task (CST) to the KD test. The CST uses 2 vertical cards and 2 horizontal cards. Test card 1 and 3 contains numerals 0 - 9, whereas card 2 and 4 use a hexadecimal system (0-9 and capital A-F). The addition of letters incorporates a set-shifting component to the task. Set shifts are initially made between blocks of 5 elements then subsequently are made element wise. The CST and KD test were administered in a randomized cross-over design and performance was analyzed in a matched pairs analysis in JMP v11 (SAS, Cary, NC). Results: In a sample of N=31 collegiate subjects, we observed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.67 (p<0.0001) between the total task time (seconds) of the three KD test cards and the total time of the 4 CST card. Additional subjects will be recruited until the sample size approaches 100. Conclusions: The high degree of correlation between these two tasks begins to indicate that the CST is a valid measure of neuro-ophthalmologic assessment. Future studies will need to determine the sensitivity of this set-shifting saccade task to assess developmental abnormalities and concussion.
Analysis of total oil in soybeans: A new equilibrium extraction method and the effect of particle size (1988)

Abstract A new method of total oil analysis is proposed in which the solvent was equilibrated with dissolved oil inside and outside of soybean particles rather than exhaustively removing all oil. By filtering, evaporating, weighing and multiplying by a factor (based on total miscella volume/sample volume) a satisfactory analysis could be done. Particle size was found to have a profound effect on amounts of oil in soybeans extracted by a conventional procedure. Sieving ground, dehulled soybeans into three particle sizes gave 15.3, 21.9 and 24.8% oil for >40 mesh, 40–100 mesh and <100 mesh, respectively, and 23.1% oil for the unsieved sample. Evidence is presented to support the idea that the amount of oil found in the smallest particle size was the true oil content of the soybeans analyzed. Using the equilibrium method to analyze the <100 mesh particles led to a rapid and economical analysis procedure. A comparison of the equilibrium and exhaustive extraction methods showed the exhaustive extraction gave a consistently larger oil content but less than 1% larger. The difference could be attributed to phospholipid.
Broadband tuning of continuous wave quantum cascade lasers in long wavelength (> 10μm) range (2014)

Broadband spectral tuning in the long wavelength range (greater than 10 μm) was demonstrated with an external-cavity quantum cascade laser. The tunable wavelength of the laser ranged from 9.5 to 11.4 μm (176 cm(-1); corresponding to 18% of the center wavelength) in continuous wave (cw) operation at room temperature, without any anti-reflection coating. The gain chip based on the anti-crossed dual-upper-state (DAU) design provided a cw lasing up to 300 K, with a low threshold current density of 2.1 kA/cm2. The highly stable broadband spectral tuning and high laser performance were enabled by the spectrally homogeneous gain profile of the anti-crossed DAU active region.
Detection of Experimental Haemophilus influenzae Type b Bacteremia and Endotoxemia by Means of an Immunolimulus Assay (1991)

The rapid quantitation of bacteria in blood was achieved by using a novel assay method for gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, LPS). The assay involves the capture of specific LPS onto microtiter plates by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against the oligosaccharide region of the LPS, followed by detection of the bound LPS by a chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) system. This immunolimulus (IML) assay combines the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the sensitivity of the LAL system to achieve the first specific, sensitive quantitation of bioactive endotoxin in plasma. In the animal model tested, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteremia in infant rats, there was a strong correlation between IML results and the concentration of Hib colony-forming units in blood samples (r = .845, P less than .001). Using antibodies with appropriate specificities, this approach should be useful for rapid detection of a wide range of gram-negative bacteria and endotoxins in blood.
Real time image subtraction and ‘‘exclusive or’’ operation using a self-pumped phase conjugate mirror (1986)

Real time ‘‘exclusive or’’ operation with an interferometer using a self-pumped phase conjugate mirror is reported. Also, results of image subtraction and intensity inversion are shown.
Tissue reaction and immunity in swine immunized with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccines. (1995)

These studies were done to develop a subunit vaccine for swine that would protect against disease, but not create unacceptable tissue reactions at the immunization site. Swine were used to evaluate the local effects of subunit vaccines prepared from extracts of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 containing one of a wide variety of adjuvants. The antigen was an anionic fraction of a saline extract of A. pleuropneumoniae (ANEX). The adjuvants used were vegetable oils (peanut, sesame, canola, or corn oils, vitamin E, or Lipposyn II emulsion); mineral oil (Marcol-52) and other materials (aluminum hydroxide, polyethylene glycol, Quil-A, Amphigen, or Emulsigen-Plus). Two types of experiments were done. In the 1st set of experiments, pigs were given multiple simultaneous injections in different sites and euthanized on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, or 28. Tissues were examined for gross and histopathological lesions. In the 2nd set of experiments, 48 pigs were allocated to 6 groups and vaccinated twice with a vaccine containing ANEX antigen combined with one of various adjuvants. Antibody responses and protection from challenge were evaluated. Among the adjuvants that were tested, mineral oils induced protective immunity, although the mineral oil Marcol-52 resulted in severe tissue reactions. The vegetable oils induced little protective immunity, and some of them were quite irritating. The response to the other materials ranged from little irritation or protection induced by the vaccine containing aluminum hydroxide to effective protection without irritation after vaccination with ANEX/Amphigen or ANEX/Emulsigen-Plus combinations. In conclusion, swine were protected against disease by a subunit vaccine that did not create unacceptable tissue reaction at the immunization site.
Freeform vector graphics with controlled thin-plate splines (2011)

Recent work defines vector graphics using diffusion between colored curves. We explore higher-order fairing to enable more natural interpolation and greater expressive control. Specifically, we build on thin-plate splines which provide smoothness everywhere except at user-specified tears and creases (discontinuities in value and derivative respectively). Our system lets a user sketch discontinuity curves without fixing their colors, and sprinkle color constraints at sparse interior points to obtain smooth interpolation subject to the outlines. We refine the representation with novel contour and slope curves, which anisotropically constrain interpolation derivatives. Compound curves further increase editing power by expanding a single curve into multiple offsets of various basic types (value, tear, crease, slope, and contour). The vector constraints are discretized over an image grid, and satisfied using a hierarchical solver. We demonstrate interactive authoring on a desktop CPU.
Mebendazole and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas: results of a phase 1 clinical trial (2020)

Mebendazole at doses up to 200 mg/kg demonstrated long-term safety and acceptable toxicity. Further studies are needed to determine mebendazole's efficacy in patients with malignant glioma.
Experimental demonstration of a cooled silica fiber amplifier (2021)

We will report the first demonstration of an optically cooled fiber amplifier. The fiber was made of silica, had a core doped with Yb, and was core-pumped to achieve both gain and cooling in the core via anti-Stokes fluorescence. Gains larger than 10 dB were measured while maintaining a negative average temperature change along the fiber.
The limited-view problem in diffraction tomography (1989)

The problem of reconstructing the complex index of refraction of a weakly scattering object from a limited data set is addressed within the framework of diffraction tomography (DT). This problem is cast into a form that includes the well studied limited-view problem of conventional computed tomography (CT) as a special case, obtained in the limit of vanishing wavelength. The theory is developed in detail for the case of plane-wave probes (parallel-beam case) in a manner completely parallel to that usually employed in studies of the limited-view problem in CT. An integral equation formulation is employed that leads directly to a number of results that include a theorem that states that any reconstruction that is convolutionally related to the exact object function can always be implemented in the form of a filtered backpropagation algorithm.
Multilevel Si doping in GaAs using a single AsCl3:SiCl4 doping source (1982)

Multilevel Si-doped GaAs epitaxial layers with abrupt interfaces can be grown using a single AsCl3:SiCl4 liquid doping source with a constant doping flow rate in an AsCl3/H2/Ga chemical vapor deposition system. Doping variations are achieved by adjustments in the HCl to H2 partial pressure ratios. The H2 is injected between the source and substrate to vary the HCl partial pressure. Si concentrations in these layers vary inversely as approximately the cube of the H2 to HCl partial pressure ratio for a fixed SiCl4 inlet flow.
51.3: 2.1‐inch QCIF+ Dual Emission AMOLED Display having Transparent Cathode Electrode (2004)

Abstract We have developed 2.1‐inch Dual Emission AMOLED Display having a transparent cathode electrode. An image can be seen from both the top and bottom sides of the display with the same brightness. By combining with optical films, the display has high contrast of 400 under room lighting.
Retrograde solubility of formamidinium and methylammonium lead halide perovskites enabling rapid single crystal growth (2015)

Here we show the retrograde solubility of various hybrid perovskites through the correct choice of solvent(s) and report their solubility curves. Retrograde solubility enables to develop inverse temperature crystallization of FAPbX3 (FA = HC(NH2)2(+), X = Br(-)/I(-)). FAPbI3 crystals exhibit a 1.4 eV bandgap--considerably narrower than their polycrystalline counterparts.
Oil-in-Water-in-Oil Multinanoemulsions for Templating Complex Nanoparticles (2016)

Complex nanoemulsions involving nanodroplets with a defined inner structure have great potential for encapsulation and templating applications. We report a method to form novel complex oil-in-water-in-oil nanoemulsions using a combination of high-energy processing with mixed nonionic surfactants that simultaneously achieve ultralow interfacial tension and frustrated curvature of the water-oil interface. The method produces multinanoemulsions possessing morphologies resembling water-swollen reverse vesicles with core-shell and multicore-shell morphologies of water in cyclohexane. A combination of macroscopic and microscopic characterization conclusively verifies and quantifies the complex morphologies, which vary systematically and reproducibly with water content for water volume fractions between 0.01 and 0.10. The complex morphologies are stable tens of hours, providing a route for their use as liquid templates for internally structured nanoparticles. As a demonstration, we test the complex nanoemulsions' ability to template complex polymer nanogels.
Developmental Pathway of the MPER-Directed HIV-1-Neutralizing Antibody 10E8 (2016)

Antibody 10E8 targets the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41, neutralizes >97% of HIV-1 isolates, and lacks the auto-reactivity often associated with MPER-directed antibodies. The developmental pathway of 10E8 might therefore serve as a promising template for vaccine design, but samples from time-of-infection-often used to infer the B cell record-are unavailable. In this study, we used crystallography, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and functional assessments to infer the 10E8 developmental pathway from a single time point. Mutational analysis indicated somatic hypermutation of the 2nd-heavy chain-complementarity determining region (CDR H2) to be critical for neutralization, and structures of 10E8 variants with V-gene regions reverted to genomic origin for heavy-and-light chains or heavy chain-only showed structural differences >2 Å relative to mature 10E8 in the CDR H2 and H3. To understand these developmental changes, we used bioinformatic sieving, maximum likelihood, and parsimony analyses of immunoglobulin transcripts to identify 10E8-lineage members, to infer the 10E8-unmutated common ancestor (UCA), and to calculate 10E8-developmental intermediates. We were assisted in this analysis by the preservation of a critical D-gene segment, which was unmutated in most 10E8-lineage sequences. UCA and early intermediates weakly bound a 26-residue-MPER peptide, whereas HIV-1 neutralization and epitope recognition in liposomes were only observed with late intermediates. Antibody 10E8 thus develops from a UCA with weak MPER affinity and substantial differences in CDR H2 and H3 from the mature 10E8; only after extensive somatic hypermutation do 10E8-lineage members gain recognition in the context of membrane and HIV-1 neutralization.
Battery-free RFID heart rate monitoring system (2016)

The goal of this research was to design an RFID based wearable platform capable of continuous heart rate monitoring for infants. Two TechnikTex P180+B conductive fabric electrodes with interconnects were integrated onto a baby onesie and connected to an RFID heart rate detection circuit that used an on-off keying modulation scheme to transmit heart rate data. The quality of the output signals obtained from the TechnikTex P180+B electrodes had 98.90% correlation with that obtained from a standard MediTrace-230 foam electrode. An antenna connected to an RFID reader captured the RFID tag information and fed the data into a Raspberry Pi processor that was programmed to compute the heart rate. The real time heart rate was calculated by using a four-heartbeat moving average window with an acceptable error rate of 3 bpm. The calculated heart rate was then communicated to a mobile app via Bluetooth. The app displayed the heart rate as a discrete value and also as a real time graph. A local alarm system integrated with the Raspberry Pi was used as an emergency backup system to alert in case the baby’s heart rate was not in the range of 80 bpm to 180 bpm and/or in case there was a communication failure between the RFID tag, RFID reader, processor or the mobile device.
Partial oxidation of methane to liquid hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 catalyst (1991)

D. E. Walsh, S. Han and R. E. Palermo, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 1259 DOI: 10.1039/C39910001259
Repurposing ciclopirox as a pharmacological chaperone in a model of congenital erythropoietic porphyria (2018)

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare autosomal recessive disease produced by deficient activity of uroporphyrinogen III synthase, the fourth enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. The disease affects many organs, can be life-threatening, and currently lacks curative treatments. Inherited mutations most commonly reduce the enzyme's stability, altering its homeostasis and ultimately blunting intracellular heme production. This results in uroporphyrin by-product accumulation in the body, aggravating associated pathological symptoms such as skin photosensitivity and disfiguring phototoxic cutaneous lesions. We demonstrated that the synthetic marketed antifungal ciclopirox binds to the enzyme, stabilizing it. Ciclopirox targeted the enzyme at an allosteric site distant from the active center and did not affect the enzyme's catalytic role. The drug restored enzymatic activity in vitro and ex vivo and was able to alleviate most clinical symptoms of congenital erythropoietic porphyria in a genetic mouse model of the disease at subtoxic concentrations. Our findings establish a possible line of therapeutic intervention against congenital erythropoietic porphyria, which is potentially applicable to most of deleterious missense mutations causing this devastating disease.
Advanced module packaging method (2004)

An intermediate solution between conventional printed circuit board technology and wafer level packaging, WLP, is to fabricate interconnection circuits and flip chip assembly structures on large glass substrates using LCD manufacturing equipment. Trace widths of 5 microns and a trace pitch of 10 microns are achievable on flexible substrates as large as 1800/spl times/1500 mm. Back planes for displays and keyboards can also utilize thin film transistors, TFTs, as developed for LCDs and enhanced for flexible assemblies (200/spl deg/C processing). A flexible circuit is built on a glass carrier with an intermediate release layer. The carrier is discarded after all processing is complete, including interconnection circuits, IC chip assembly, test and rework. The assembly method uses gold stud bumps on IC chips, and corresponding wells filled with solder on the motherboard 100-micron pad pitch is achievable for IC chips, module cables, and test connections. Avoidance of epoxy under layers contributes to a robust capability for reworking defective IC chips. The methods are applicable to a wide range of products, from cell phones to blade servers.