gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of SU-8 Frequency-Driven Scratch Drive Actuators (2013)

This paper presents the simulation of Scratch Drive Actuators (SDAs) for micro-robotic applications. SDAs use electrostatic forces to generate motion on top of an interdigitated electrode array. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate several design geometries and micro-actuator configurations using ConventorWare®'s finite element analysis module. The study performed investigates the SDAs modal and electrostatic behavior and the effects of linking two or more SDAs together in a micro- robot device. In addition, the interdigitated electrode array performance, used for power delivery, was studied by changing the thickness of its dielectric layer. We present our observations based on these studies, which will aid in the understanding and development of future SDA designs.
Peritoneal endometriosis is an inflammatory disease (2011)

Peritoneal endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by increased numbers of peritoneal macrophages and their secreted products. Inflammation plays a major role in pain and infertility associated with endometriosis, but is also extensively involved in the molecular processes that lead to peritoneal lesion development. Peritoneal oxidative stress is currently thought to be a major constituent of the endometriosis-associated inflammatory response. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species, secondary to peritoneal influx of pro-oxidants such as heme and iron during retrograde menstruation, may induce cellular damage and increased proinflammatory gene expression through nuclear factor-kappa B activation. In particular, prostaglandin biosynthetic enzyme expression is regulated by this transcriptional factor, and increased peritoneal prostaglandin concentrations have been demonstrated in endometriosis. In the light of available data collected from patient biopsies, as well as in vitro and in vivo studies, the respective involvement and potential molecular interactions of iron, nuclear factor-kappa B and prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of endometriosis are explored and discussed. The key role of peritoneal macrophages is emphasized and potential therapeutic targets are examined.
Release of paclitaxel from polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microparticles and discs under irradiation (2003)

Paclitaxel is a promising anti-cancer drug as well as a radiosensitizer for chemotherapy and radiotherapy applications. Because of the poor solubility of paclitaxel in water and most pharmaceutical reagents, it is usually formulated with an adjuvant called Cremophor EL, which causes severe side effects. This work develops new dosage forms of paclitaxel for controlled release application, which do not require the adjuvant and, thus, can avoid its associated side effects. Paclitaxel was encapsulated into the PLGA matrix with various additives such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), isopropyl myristate (IPM) and d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol (Vitamin E TPGS). These additives were used to enhance the release rate of paclitaxel from the polymer matrix. Spray-drying and an hydraulic press were used to prepare paclitaxel-PLGA microspheres and discs. The microspheres and discs were given different irradiation doses to investigate their effects on the surface morphology (characterized by SEM, AFM and XPS) and in vitro release properties. There seems to be a small effect of the ionizing radiation on various formulations. Although the irradiation did not cause observable changes on the morphology of the polymer matrix, the release rate can be enhanced by a few per cent. It was found that PEG has the highest enhancement effect for release rate among all the additives investigated in this study.
Modeling Thermal Contact Resistance: A Scale Analysis Approach (2004)

A compact analytical model is developed for predicting thermal contact resistance (TCR) of nonconforming rough contacts of bare solids in a vacuum. Instead of using probability relationships to model the size and number of microcontacts of Gaussian surfaces, a novel approach is taken by employing the “scale analysis method.” It is demonstrated that the geometry of heat sources on a half-space for microcontacts is justifiable for an applicable range of contact pressure. It is shown that the surface curvature and contact pressure distribution have no effect on the effective microthermal resistance. The present model allows TCR to be predicted over the entire range of nonconforming rough contacts from conforming rough to smooth Hertzian contacts. A new nondimensional parameter, i.e., ratio of the macro- over microthermal resistances, is introduced as a criterion to identify three regions of TCR. The present model is compared to collected TCR data for SS304 and showed excellent agreement. Additionally, more than 880 experimental data points, collected by many researchers, are summarized and compared to the present model, and relatively good agreement is observed. The data cover a wide range of materials, mechanical and thermophysical properties, micro- and macrocontact geometries, and similar and dissimilar metal contacts.
Efficacy of ibuprofen and paracetamol and diclofenac sodium and paracetamol combination on postoperative pain following root canal preparation in a randomized placebo-controlled study (2012)

Aim: To compare the efficacy of two different oral analgesic combinations on postoperative pain following root canal preparation in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
 Materials and Methods: In this in-vivo study, 30 patients who were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in anteriors or premolars, having moderate to severe pain were divided randomly into three groups of 10 patients each. The two experimental groups received a single dose of either ibuprofen or paracetamol or diclofenac sodium and paracetamol combination while the control group received placebo medication, immediately after the first appointment where the pulp was extirpated and canals were fully prepared. The intensity of pain was recorded preoperatively and at 6hrs, 12hrs and 24hrs postoperatively using both Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS). The data was analyzed statistically.
 Result: At 6hrs, 12hrs and 24hrs postoperatively, the intensity of pain was significantly lower in experimental groups than in placebo group. Diclofenac sodium and paracetamol combination was more effective than ibuprofen and paracetamol combination in relieving postoperative pain.
 Conclusion: A single oral dose of diclofenac sodium and paracetamol and ibuprofen and paracetamol combination reduced postoperative pain following pulpectomy and root canal preparation of teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
Instant Mercury Ion Detection in Industrial Waste Water with a Microchip Using Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistors and a Portable Device (2019)

Mercury ion selective membrane (Hg-ISM) coated extended gate Field Effect transistors (ISM-FET) were used to manifest a novel methodology for ion-selective sensors based on FET's, creating ultra-high sensitivity (-36 mV/log [Hg<sup>2+</sup>]) and outweighing ideal Nernst sensitivity limit (-29.58 mV/log [Hg<sup>2+</sup>]) for mercury ion. This highly enhanced sensitivity compared with the ion-selective electrode (ISE) (10<sup>-7</sup> M) has reduced the limit of detection (10<sup>-13</sup> M) of Hg<sup>2+</sup> concentration's magnitude to considerable orders irrespective of the pH of the test solution. Systematical investigation was carried out by modulating sensor design and bias voltage, revealing that higher sensitivity and a lower detection limit can be attained in an adequately stronger electric field. Our sensor has a limit of detection of 10<sup>-13</sup> M which is two orders lower than Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), having a limit of detection of 10<sup>-11</sup> M. The sensitivity and detection limit do not have axiomatic changes under the presence of high concentrations of interfering ions. The technology offers economic and consumer friendly water quality monitoring options intended for homes, offices and industries.
An experimental model of post-traumatic osteomyelitis in rabbits. (1988)

An experimental model of a contaminated open fracture, using the tibia of male New Zealand white rabbits, is described. Post-traumatic osteomyelitis can be reliably induced in this model, with no systemic ill-effects. The characteristic bacteriological, radiological and histological findings are described. Inoculation of the fracture site with Staphylococcus aureus in a concentration of 10(6) bacteria caused osteomyelitis in two out of five rabbits. When the concentration of inoculum was increased to 10(7) organisms, osteomyelitis was seen in four out of five rabbits. No cases of infection were seen in the control animals. This is a simple and reliable model for studies into the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis.
Evaluation of Propidium Monoazide Real-Time PCR for Early Detection of Viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Clinical Respiratory Specimens (2014)

PMA real-time PCR is a useful approach for differentiating dead from live bacilli in AFB smear-positive sputum samples.
Erbium-doped GaN epilayers synthesized by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (2006)

The authors report on the synthesis of Er-doped GaN epilayers by in situ doping by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The optical and electrical properties of the Er-doped GaN epilayers were studied by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and van der Pauw–Hall method. Both above and below band gap excitation results in a sharp PL emission peak at 1.54μm. In contrary to other growth methods, MOCVD grown Er-doped GaN epilayers exhibit virtually no visible emission lines. A small thermal quenching effect, with only a 20% decrease in the integrated intensity of the 1.54μm PL emission, occurred between 10 and 300K. It was found that Er incorporation has very little effect on the electrical conductivity of the GaN epilayers and Er-doped layers retain similar electrical properties as those of undoped GaN.
Multicenter evaluation of the Paragon CZETM 2000 capillary zone electrophoresis system for serum protein electrophoresis and monoclonal component typing (1998)

Serum protein electrophoresis and typing of monoclonal components (MCs) are routine but time-consuming and technically demanding assays. We evaluated capillary electrophoresis (Paragon CZE 2000) for automation of the two assays. CZE and cellulose acetate electrophoresis gave similar data on 794 samples. Within-run and between-run CVs were < 2% for albumin and gamma-globulins and 4-7% for alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-globulins. Bilirubin, hemoglobin, triglycerides, and fibrinogen were found not to interfere. No carryover by capillaries was detected. The detection limit for MC was < 0.5 g/L. MC assessment by immunosubtraction on 403 samples identified the monoclonal type in all samples with peak concentrations > 10 g/L; only 50% of MCs that could not be quantified by densitometric scan were typed.
Addressing Horizontal Steam Injection Completions Challenges with Chevron's Horizontal Steam Test Facility (2010)

Abstract Steam injection profile control is a significant challenge for thermal recovery of heavy oil with horizontal wells. There is no reliable commercially available method for controlling two-phase steam distribution in horizontal laterals. In fact, there is not even a commercial laboratory capable of testing such devices. To address this gap, Chevron constructed a surface horizontal steam injection test facility in the Kern River Field located outside of Bakersfield, California. This facility is used for testing commercial and proprietary devices for improving control of steam distribution along a lateral in a horizontal well. The horizontal steam injection test facility tests the capabilities of a wide range of full-sized downhole completion equipment (tubing and liner flow control devices, tubing/liner and annulus/liner isolation devices) at the surface under precise controlled conditions. This paper discusses the need for horizontal steam injection wells, steam distribution control, and the current "state-of-the-art" horizontal steam injection completions or, more accurately, the lack of steam profile controls currently available. Also discussed are the three areas critical for controlling the steam profile along a lateral: 1) liner-open hole, 2) liner, and 3) tubing-liner. The capabilities of the test facility, impact of flow regimes, initial test results, and a possible pathway to field deployment of promising technology are also addressed.
317 Fabrication of Porous Aluminum/Thin-Walled Pipe Composite Materials by Applying Friction Welding (2012)

In this study, porous aluminum core filled in hollow steel pipe composite materials (porous core pipe) was fabricated by applying friction welding. Al plates and blowing agent powder were put into the hollow steel pipe, and the rotating tool was pressed into the Al plates. Friction heat was generated and precursor of porous Al was fabricated by mixing Al plates and blowing agent powder by means of plastic flow. Porous core pipe with metal bonding was successfully fabricated by heating the precursor. The compression properties and deformation behavior of porous core pipe was obtained by the compression test. As a result, energy absorption per unit of volume of porous core pipe increased 1.5 times compare with the hollow pipe. But, the energy absorption per unit mass was slightly decreased.
Brain Region-Specific Mechanisms for Acute Morphine-Induced Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Modulation and Distinct Patterns of Activation during Analgesic Tolerance and Locomotor Sensitization (2003)

Opioid-receptor activation in cell lines results in phosphorylation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which contributes to agonist-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase signaling. In this study, morphine-induced MAPK modulation was examined in the mouse brain using antibodies against phosphorylated MAPK. Thirty minutes after systemic morphine, MAPK modulation was observed in brain areas associated with analgesia and reward. Activation of MAPK was increased in the anterior cingulate (Acc), somato-sensory and association cortices, and locus ceruleus (LC). In contrast, MAPK activation was decreased in the nucleus accumbens and central amygdala (CeA). Double-label confocal microscopy revealed that morphine-induced MAPK modulation occurred predominantly in cells not expressing mu-opioid receptors, with the exception of the LC. Furthermore, the NMDA receptor antagonist 3,3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonate blocked morphine-induced MAPK modulation in several cortical areas including the Acc. We then examined morphine-induced MAPK modulation during expression of either analgesic tolerance or locomotor sensitization, which were differentiated by two repeated morphine regimens. Analgesic tolerance was accompanied by tolerance to morphine-induced MAPK modulation in all of the brain areas examined except the CeA. Locomotor sensitization resulted in sensitization to morphine-induced MAPK activation in the posterior basolateral amygdala. Additionally, a pronounced instatement of morphine-induced MAPK activation was observed in CA3 hippocampal processes. This instatement was observed during expression of tolerance; however, it was not significant during sensitization. In summary, these results provide distinct, region-specific mechanisms for morphine-induced MAPK modulation in the mouse brain and give insight into the brain circuitry involved in acute and adaptive opioid behaviors.
Detecting DNA Folding with Nanocapillaries (2010)

We demonstrate for the first time the detection of the folding state of double-stranded DNA in nanocapillaries with the resistive pulse technique. We show that glass capillaries can be pulled into nanocapillaries with diameters down to 45 nm. We study translocation of lambda -DNA which is driven by an electrophoretic force through the nanocapillary. The resulting change in ionic current indicates the folding state of single lambda -DNA molecules. Our experiments prove that nanocapillaries are suitable for label-free analysis of DNA in aqueous solutions and viable alternatives to solid-state nanopores made by silicon nanotechnology.
Śāhajī (2020)

1684–1712 Maratha-Herrscher von Tanjore; bestieg den Thron mit zwölf Jahren; gilt als Herrscher par excellence; es wurde besungen, wie er mit seinem kleinen, verletzlichen Reich den großen Herrschern des Nordens Paroli bot; an seinem Hof herrschte eine rege literarische Tätigkeit, zumeist in Telugu und Sanskrit; Förderer und Schutzherr zahlreicher Dichter; Autor von Texten (Lieder, Dramen, musikwissenschaftliche Werke usw.) in Telugu, Sanskrit und mehreren anderen Sprachen.
Calibration of Surface Plasmon Resonance Refractometers Using Locally Weighted Parametric Regression (1997)

A locally weighted parametric regression (LWPR) method has been developed and applied to the calibration of wavelength-modulated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) refractometers. This calibration method combines locally weighted regression (LWR) and nonlinear principal components regression (NPCR). It is shown that LWPR provides a calibration model that is more robust to random errors than traditional minima hunt calibration methods applied to SPR sensors. It is further shown that LWPR permits accurate and reliable calibration with low-resolution (32 nm) SPR data when the traditional methods fail.
Stochastic particle acceleration in solar flares (1985)

It is proposed that particles during the second phase of solar flares are accelerated by stochastic resonant scattering off hydromagnetic waves and first order Fermi acceleration in shock waves generated in the impulsive phase of the flare. Solutions allow arbitrary power law momentum dependences of the momentum diffusion coefficient as well as the momentum diffusion coefficient as well as the momentum loss time. The acceleration time scale to a characteristic energy approximately 100 keV for protons can be as short as 5s. The resulting electron spectra show a characteristic double power law with a transition around 200 keV and are correlated to the proton spectra evaluated under equal boundary conditions, indicating that electrons and protons are accelerated by the same mechanism. The correlation between the different spectral indices in the electron double power law and between electron and proton spectra are governed by the ratio of first to second order acceleration and therefore allow a determination of the Alfven Mach number of the shock wave.
A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Rofecoxib in the Treatment of Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis (2003)

To our knowledge this study is the first to evaluate rofecoxib versus placebo in patients with prostatitis and the first large multicenter treatment study to use the NIH-CPSI. Subjective assessment with patient global questions may be more sensitive to change than the NIH-CPSI and, therefore, may be a better tool to use in future therapeutic trials. Although 6 weeks of rofecoxib treatment appear to benefit many men diagnosed with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome further studies are needed.
Bioequivalence of Sandoz methylphenidate osmotic‐controlled release tablet with Concerta<sup>®</sup> (Janssen‐Cilag) (2015)

The aim was to assess the bioequivalence of Sandoz methylphenidate osmotic-controlled release (OCR) tablets (Sandoz [Methylphenidate[ MPH OCR) with Concerta®, a methylphenidate formulation indicated for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Four open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-way crossover bioequivalence studies were conducted in healthy subjects: three fasting studies with 54-, 36- and 18-mg doses of methylphenidate, and one fed study with the 54-mg dose. The d- and l-threo-methylphenidate plasma levels were quantified using liquid chromatographic methods with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS). Bioequivalence of the formulations was accepted if the 90% geometric confidence intervals of the ratio of least-squares means of Sandoz MPH OCR to Concerta® of ln-transformed area under the curve (AUC0-t ) and C max were within the acceptance range of 80-125%. All studies met the bioequivalence criteria, and 90% geometric confidence intervals for AUC0-t and C max were within the predefined range. All plasma concentration time curves for Sandoz MPH OCR under fasting conditions showed a biphasic profile comparable with Concerta®, confirmed by bioequivalence of the partial metrics AUC0-2h, AUC2-24 h, C max(0-2 h) and C max(2-24 h). Both products were well tolerated and no relevant differences in the safety profiles were observed. It was concluded that Sandoz MPH OCR is bioequivalent to Concerta® in terms of rate and extent of absorption when administered as a single dose of one extended-release tablet of 54, 36, or 18 mg under fasting conditions and at a dose of 54 mg under fed conditions.
Prognostic significance of systemic immune-inflammation index and platelet-albumin-bilirubin grade in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing radical surgery (2022)

SII was a promising prognostic biomarker in PC. And PALBI grade also showed predictive value for patients with pancreatic head cancer. Therefore, it can help predict the treatment outcomes in these patients.
Positive charge trapping in SOI materials (2002)

It is well known that unwanted charge in the Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) buried-oxide (BOX) can adversely affect integrated circuit (IC) yield (back-gate threshold location), IC performance (controlling vertical isolation), and IC reliability (hot electron effects). Although previous studies have shown that the concentration of electron traps in the Separation-by-IMpIanatation-of-OXygen (SIMOX) BOX depends on the conditions used to fabricate the SIMOX wafer, there has been little success in reducing positive charge trapping in the BOX, which is predominantly from hole trapping. In this work we report our measurements of X-ray induced positive charge trapping in the BOX of wafers fabricated using various SOI technologies, and in bulk thermal oxides. We find that for similar oxide thicknesses the SOI material has a trapping sensitivity 10 to 100 times larger than thermal oxides. We also find that annealing finished SIMOX wafers in oxygen appears to successfully reduce some positive charge trapping in the BOX.