gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An energy-efficient true random number generator based on current starved ring oscillators (2017)

True random number generators (TRNGs) are pivotal in cryptography, Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, neural network simulation, industrial testing, gambling, etc., where deterministic pseudo-random number sequences are inadequate to produce satisfactory results. The demand for fast low-power TRNG is growing as such sophisticated applications are increasingly moving into mobile. This paper presents an energy-efficient on-chip TRNG design. Its random digital bits are extracted from the jitter noise of two free running current starved ring oscillators (ROs). The current starved ROs exhibit a larger jitter noise than the regular inverter based ROs because the jitter is boosted by lowering the oscillation frequency and the drain current of the transistors in the ROs. In addition, the jitter source ROs, which are the most power-hungry components of conventional oscillator based TRNGs, are biased in the subthreshold region in our proposed design to reduce their power consumption. Simulation results based on 65nm 1.2V CMOS technology show that the proposed TRNG consumes only 123 μW at a throughput rate of 96 Mbps. It outperforms the state-of-art on-chip TRNGs with a figure-of-merit of 1.28 pJ/bit. Its generated bit sequence passes all the fifteen randomness tests of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) statistical test suite.
Coordination of Adenosylmethionine to a Unique Iron Site of the [4Fe-4S] of Pyruvate Formate-Lyase Activating Enzyme:  A Mössbauer Spectroscopic Study (2002)

Pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme (PFL-AE) generates the catalytically essential glycyl radical of PFL. It is a member of the so-called “radical-SAM superfamily” of enzymes that use a [4Fe-4S] cluster and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet or SAM) to catalyze diverse radical-mediated reactions. Evidence suggests that this class of enzymes operate by common initial steps involving the generation of an AdoMet-derived adenosyl radical intermediate, of which the mechanism remains unresolved. The three-cysteine CX3CX2C cluster-binding motif common to all members of this superfamily suggests a unique Fe site in the [4Fe-4S] cluster, which presumably interacts with AdoMet to effect the reductive cleavage and radical generation. Here we employ a dual-iron-isotope (56Fe/57Fe) approach to demonstrate the existence of a unique Fe site in the [4Fe-4S] cluster of PFL-AE by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Coordination of AdoMet to this unique Fe site was made evident by the observation of a substantial increase in the isomer shift (δ) of the Mössbauer spectrum associated with the unique Fe site: δ = 0.42 mm/s in the absence of AdoMet increases to δ = 0.72 mm/s in the presence of AdoMet. Further, the Mössbauer data show that the binding of AdoMet to the unique Fe site occurs in the [4Fe-4S]2+ state, prior to the injection of the reducing equivalent required for catalysis. This observation indicates that AdoMet coordination is a necessary prerequisite to adenosyl radical generation.
Role of the tear film in the optical quality of the human eye (2007)

This paper reviews recent studies of the role of the tear film in the optical quality of the eye. Recent investigations focus on the dynamics of the tear film after a blink and its important role in the optical quality of the eye. The results in this review were used in an attempt to understand the optical and visual impact of tear-film breakup in normal eyes and dry eyes. It was noted that patients with dry-eye syndrome have large optical aberrations compared with those in normal eyes, which may be the cause of blurry vision associated with the syndrome. In addition, instillation of artificial tears reduces optical aberrations and thus improves the optical quality of vision in these patients.
Dynamic Taint Propagation for Java (2006)

Improperly validated user input is the underlying root cause for a wide variety of attacks on Web-based applications. Static approaches for detecting this problem help at the time of development, but require source code and report a number of false positives. Hence, they are of little use for securing fully deployed and rapidly evolving applications. We propose a dynamic solution that tags and tracks user input at runtime and prevents its improper use to maliciously affect the execution of the program. Our implementation can be transparently applied to Java classfiles, and does not require source code. Benchmarks show that the overhead of this runtime enforcement is negligible and can prevent a number of attacks
Electro-caloric effect in 0.45BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-0.55Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 single crystal (2013)

Electro-caloric effect in 0.45BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3-0.55Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 single crystal has been investigated and electro-caloric coefficient of ∼0.38 K mm/kV has been obtained near the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition. The value obtained is significantly higher than that for the lead-free ferroelectric materials reported so far.
A New Gallium Phosphate Templated by Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine: [Ga(HPO<sub>4</sub>)(PO<sub>4</sub>)(OH)].[(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N)<sub>3</sub>N].H<sub>2</sub>O (1997)

The title compound, bis(μ-phosphato-O:O')bis[(hydrogenphosphato-O)(hydroxo)gallium] tris(2-aminoethyl)amine hydrate, was hydrothermally synthesized, in the presence of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren), from a non-aqueous mixture in which dimethyl sulfoxide was used as solvent (423 K, 24 h, autogeneous pressure). Its structure consists of isolated hexameric units composed of two GaO4 and four PO4 tetrahedra, these units being separated by the tren and water molecules.
Novel adaptive blind calibration technique of time‐skew mismatches for any channel time‐interleaved analogue‐to‐digital converters (2019)

This article presented a novel digital blind calibration technique of time‐skew mismatches for time‐interleaved analogue‐to‐digital converter (TI‐ADC). Based on the frequency‐shifted and derived operation, the spurious signals could be reconstructed and subtracted from the sampled signal adaptively. The main advantage of the proposed calibration technique is applicable to any channel TI‐ADC and could achieve higher performance in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐arts. Numerical simulations and experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed calibration technique could significantly improve the signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious‐free dynamic range (SFDR) of the TI‐ADC system.
Structure/Property Relationships in Irons and Steels (1998)

Abstract The properties of irons and steels are linked to the chemical composition, processing path, and resulting microstructure of the material. For a particular iron and steel composition, most properties depend on microstructure. Processing is a means to develop and control microstructure, for example, hot rolling, quenching, and so forth. This article describes the role of these factors in both theoretical and practical terms, with particular focus on the role of microstructure. It lists the mechanical properties of selected steels in various heat-treated or cold-worked conditions. In steels and cast irons, the microstructural constituents have the names ferrite, pearlite, bainite, martensite, cementite, and austenite. The article presents four examples that have very different microstructures: the structural steel has a ferrite plus pearlite microstructure; the rail steel has a fully pearlitic microstructure; the machine housing has a ferrite plus pearlite matrix with graphite flakes; and the jaw crusher microstructure contains martensite and cementite.
S-100<i>β</i>does not predict outcome after mild traumatic brain injury (2014)

Amongst MTBI patients, S-100β levels are not associated with prolonged post-concussive syndrome or the inability to RTWS.
Influence of dietary supplementation of modified tall oil, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine on bacon characteristics (1999)

Eighty crossbred (PIC) gilts were used to determine the influence of feeding modified tall oil (MTO, 0 or .5% of diet), chromium nicotinate (0 or 50 ppb), and L-carnitine (0 or 50 ppm) on bacon quality characteristics. Supplementation of MTO improved bacon slice firmness. Dietary additions of MTO, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine to diets for growing and finishing swine had minimal effects on other bacon characteristics. Therefore, producers probably can take advantage of any improvements in production or carcass cutability from these feed supplements without affecting bacon quality.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 1999
Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology (2002)

In recent years the development of ontologies—explicit formal specifications of the terms in the domain and relations among them (Gruber 1993)—has been moving from the realm of Artificial-Intelligence laboratories to the desktops of domain experts. Ontologies have become common on the World-Wide Web. The ontologies on the Web range from large taxonomies categorizing Web sites (such as on Yahoo!) to categorizations of products for sale and their features (such as on Amazon.com). The WWW Consortium (W3C) is developing the Resource Description Framework (Brickley and Guha 1999), a language for encoding knowledge on Web pages to make it understandable to electronic agents searching for information. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the W3C, is developing DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) by extending RDF with more expressive constructs aimed at facilitating agent interaction on the Web (Hendler and McGuinness 2000). Many disciplines now develop standardized ontologies that domain experts can use to share and annotate information in their fields. Medicine, for example, has produced large, standardized, structured vocabularies such as SNOMED (Price and Spackman 2000) and the semantic network of the Unified Medical Language System (Humphreys and Lindberg 1993). Broad general-purpose ontologies are
Physicochemical Concepts of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries (2020)

Developing reversible lithium metal anodes with high rate capability is one of the central aims of current battery research. Lithium metal anodes are not only required for the development of innovative cell concepts such as lithium-air or lithium-sulfur batteries, they can also increase the energy density of batteries with intercalation-type cathodes. The use of solid electrolyte separators is especially promising to develop well-performing lithium metal anodes, because they can act as a mechanical barrier to avoid unwanted dendritic growth of lithium through the cell. However, inhomogeneous electrodeposition and contact loss often hinder the application of a lithium metal anode in solid-state batteries. In this review, we assess the physicochemical concepts that describe the fundamental mechanisms governing lithium metal anode performance in combination with inorganic solid electrolytes. In particular, our discussion of kinetic rate limitations and morphological stability intends to stimulate further progress in the field of lithium metal anodes.
Web service conversation modeling: a cornerstone for e-business automation (2004)

Web services are emerging as a promising technology for effectively automating interorganizational interactions. However, despite the growing interest, several issues remain to be addressed to provide Web services with benefits similar to what traditional middleware brings to intraorganizational application integration. We identify a framework that builds on current standards to help developers define extended service models and richer Web service abstractions. The framework's main feature is a conversation metamodel derived from our analysis of e-commerce portal sites.
Human detection with video surveillance system (2002)

The authors present the realization of an industrial system of video surveillance, that can differentiate human motion from other types of objects in motion. The advantages and the originalities of this system are that, in a single product, three steps have been implemented: image acquisition; signal processing; and decision. This low cost product can recognize a human and replaces infrared surveillance systems that cannot make such a difference.
Challenges in Administration of Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Addison’s Disease: A Case Study of Fludrocortisone Acetate (2017)

International audience
Schlumberger Optimizes Receiver Location for Automated Meter Reading (2004)

In its efforts to provide automated meter-reading services to the utility industry, Schlumberger faces the problem of deploying receivers efficiently. In a geographic region, the problem is to install the minimum number of receivers on existing utility poles so that all wireless meters in that region can transmit their readings to at least one. Schlumberger first encountered this large-scale problem in a project it ran for Illinois Power. It found solving this problem manually very time consuming, and it had no ability to evaluate the robustness of the resulting solution. We proposed and implemented an optimization-based approach that reduced the duration and cost of implementations. In addition, we gave planners the ability to answer what-if questions.
Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Signaling Attenuates Aortic Aneurysm in Mice Through ERK Antagonism (2011)

Angiotensin II (AngII) mediates progression of aortic aneurysm, but the relative contribution of its type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors remains unknown. We show that loss of AT2 expression accelerates the aberrant growth and rupture of the aorta in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome (MFS). The selective AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) losartan abrogated aneurysm progression in the mice; full protection required intact AT2 signaling. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) enalapril, which limits signaling through both receptors, was less effective. Both drugs attenuated canonical transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in the aorta, but losartan uniquely inhibited TGFβ-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), by allowing continued signaling through AT2. These data highlight the protective nature of AT2 signaling and potentially inform the choice of therapies in MFS and related disorders.
Cavity ringdown spectroscopy of NO with a cw single frequency quantum cascade laser (2001)

Summary form only given. Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRS) enables the measurements of very weak absorption introduced.into a high-finesse optical cavity. This method is based on measuring a decay time of the cavity mode. In this contribution we shall report the ultrasensitive detection of NO by its fundamental absorption at 5.2 /spl mu/m by CRS technique. A continuous wave quantum cascade distributed feedback (QC-DFB) laser was used as the spectroscopic source.
Transplantation immunology of the anterior chamber of the eye. II. Immune response to allogeneic cells. (1975)

The mechanism by which the anterior chamber of the eye extends immunologic privilege to allogeneic donor tissues has been studied in inbred rats. Inoculation of allogeneic lymphoid cells into the anterior chamber demonstrated that although the site lacks a lymphatic drainage, the afferent limb of the immunologic reflex arc is intact because the recipient can recognize and mount a specific immune response. In addition, host immunity was able to express itself within the anterior chamber when induced systemically, indicating that the efferent limb of the reflex arc is also intact. Therefore, it is suggested that the unique immunologic features of the anterior chamber may result from the obligate intravenous presentation of graft antigen to the host's systemic immunologic apparatus, a route that prejudices the host's response in the direction of tolerance and/or enhancement rather than cell-mediated, tissue destructive immunity.
Cyanobacterial daily life with Kai-based circadian and diurnal genome-wide transcriptional control in <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> (2009)

In the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, essentially all promoter activities are under the control of the circadian clock under continuous light (LL) conditions. Here, we used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to explore comprehensive profiles of genome-wide Synechococcus gene expression in wild-type, kaiABC-null, and kaiC-overexpressor strains under LL and continuous dark (DD) conditions. In the wild-type strains, >30% of transcripts oscillated significantly in a circadian fashion, peaking at subjective dawn and dusk. Such circadian control was severely attenuated in kaiABC-null strains. Although it has been proposed that KaiC globally represses gene expression, our analysis revealed that dawn-expressed genes were up-regulated by kaiC-overexpression so that the clock was arrested at subjective dawn. Transfer of cells to DD conditions from LL immediately suppressed expression of most of the genes, while the clock kept even time in the absence of transcriptional feedback. Thus, the Synechococcus genome seems to be primarily regulated by light/dark cycles and is dramatically modified by the protein-based circadian oscillator.
Genetic diagnosis of micrometastases in cervical lymph nodes of head and neck cancer. (1999)

頸部リンパ節への微小転移を reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 法により検出し, その信頼性を検討した。ケラチン (K) 13, K19, SCC抗原を, 微小転移の指標としての候補遺伝子とした。組織学的に転移を認めなかった141リンパ節中K13は16.3%, K19は63.1%, SCC抗原は22.7%に発現していた。準連続切片による形態学的観察では, 9リンパ節 (7.7%) に微小転移巣が確認された。K19はリンパ組織からの illegitimate gene expression や迷入唾液腺からの遺伝子発現があり, 頸部リンパ節転移の指標には適さないこと, また, K13とSCC抗原の共発現は微小転移の指標となることが示唆された。
Morphology and properties of PBT/SEBS and PBT/SEBS-G-MAH blends (2016)

A series of poly (butylene terephthlate) (PBT)/ styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) and PBT/ (styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene)-G-(Maleic anhydride) (SEBS-G-MAH) blends were prepared by melt blending method. And the morphology, mechanical properties were studied to identify the effect of SEBS or SEBS-G-MAH weight fraction on the properties of blends. SEM show that the minor phase was hardly distinguishable in the blend of PBT/SEBS-G-MAH as the result of the improvement in dispersibility, compared with PBT/SEBS blends. These results lead to the different mechanical properties between PBT/SEBS and PBT/SEBS-G-MAH blends.
Cloning and Characterization of MST4, a Novel Ste20-like Kinase (2001)

MST4, a novel member of the germinal center kinase subfamily of human Ste20-like kinases, was cloned and characterized. Composed of a C-terminal regulatory domain and an N-terminal kinase domain, MST4 is most closely related to mammalian Ste20 kinase family member MST3. Both the kinase and C-terminal regulatory domains of MST4 are required for full activation of the kinase. Northern blot analysis indicates that MST4 is ubiquitously distributed, and the MST4 gene is localized to chromosome Xq26, a disease-rich region, by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although some members of the MST4 family function as upstream regulators of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, expression of MST4 in 293 cells was not sufficient to activate or potentiate extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or p38 kinase. An alternatively spliced isoform of MST4 (MST4a) was isolated by yeast two-hybrid interaction with the catalytic domain of Raf from a human fetal brain cDNA library and also found in a variety of human fetal and adult tissues. MST4a lacks an exon encoding kinase subdomains IX-XI that stabilizes substrate binding. The existence of both MST4 isoforms suggests that the MST4 kinase activity is highly regulated, and MST4a may function as a dominant-negative regulator of the MST4 kinase.
Manufacture and properties of chitosan/<i>N,O</i>‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers (2002)

Abstract Chitosan/ N,O ‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers (CNVFs) were prepared by blending chitosan emulsion, N,O ‐carboxymethylated chitosan ( N,O ‐CMC), and viscose rayon together for spinning. The fibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM micrographs showed that chitosan microparticles dispersed uniformly along the oriented direction with the mean size ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μm. DSC spectra of these fibers showed that no significant change in thermal property was caused by adding chitosan and N,O ‐CMC into the viscose rayon. TGA spectra showed that the good moisture retentivity was not affected by the addition of chitosan and N,O ‐CMC. Both DSC and TGA suggested that the decomposing tendency of the viscose rayon above 250°C seemed to be weakened by the chitosan. The fibers' mechanical properties and antibacterial activities against Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were measured. Although the addition of chitosan slightly reduced the mechanical properties, the antibacterial fibers' properties were obtained and were found to meet commercial requirements. CNVF exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The antibacterial activity increased along with the chitosan concentration and was not greatly affected by 15 washings in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of bacteria cells incubated together with the antibacterial or reference fibers. SEM micrographs demonstrated that greater amounts of bacteria could be adsorbed by the antibacterial fiber than by the reference fiber; these bacteria were overwhelmingly destroyed and killed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2049–2059, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10501
Bidirectional effect of Wnt signaling antagonist DKK1 on the modulation of anthrax toxin uptake (2014)

LRP6, a co-receptor for the morphogen Wnt, aids endocytosis of anthrax complexes. Here we report that Dickkopf1 (DKK1) protein, a secreted LRP6 ligand and antagonist, is also a modulator of anthrax toxin sensitivity. shRNA-mediated gene silencing or TALEN-mediated gene knockout of DKK1 reduced sensitivity of cells to PA-dependent hybrid toxins. However, unlike the solely inhibitory effect on Wnt signaling, the effects of DKK1 overexpression on anthrax toxicity were bidirectional, depending on its endogenous expression and cell context. Fluorescence microscopy and biochemical analyses showed that DKK1 facilitates internalization of anthrax toxins and their receptors, an event mediated by DKK1-LRP6-Kremen2 complex. Monoclonal antibodies against DKK1 provided dose-dependent protection to macrophages from killing by anthrax lethal toxin (LT). Our discovery that DKK1 forms ternary structure with LRP6 and Kremen2 in promoting PA-mediated toxin internalization provides a paradigm for bacterial exploitation of mechanisms that host cells use to internalize signaling proteins.