gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virulence Plasmid of<i>Rhodococcus equi</i>Contains Inducible Gene Family Encoding Secreted Proteins (2001)

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals. This facultative intracellular pathogen produces similar lesions in immunocompromised humans, particularly in AIDS patients. Virulent strains of R. equi bear a large plasmid that is required for intracellular survival within macrophages and for virulence in foals and mice. Only two plasmid-encoded proteins have been described previously; a 15- to 17-kDa surface protein designated virulence-associated protein A (VapA) and an antigenically related 20-kDa protein (herein designated VapB). These two proteins are not expressed by the same R. equi isolate. We describe here the substantial similarity between VapA and VapB. Moreover, we identify three additional genes carried on the virulence plasmid, vapC, -D, and -E, that are tandemly arranged downstream of vapA. These new genes are members of a gene family and encode proteins that are approximately 50% homologous to VapA, VapB, and each other. vapC, -D, and -E are found only in R. equi strains that express VapA and are highly conserved in VapA-positive isolates from both horses and humans. VapC, -D, and -E are secreted proteins coordinately regulated by temperature with VapA; the proteins are expressed when R. equi is cultured at 37 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C, a finding that is compatible with a role in virulence. As secreted proteins, VapC, -D, and -E may represent targets for the prevention of rhodococcal pneumonia. An immunologic study using VapA-specific antibodies and recombinant Vap proteins revealed no evidence of cross-reactivity despite extensive sequence similarity over the carboxy terminus of all four proteins.
Ground Reaction Forces and Kinematics in Distance Running in Older-Aged Men (2003)

The biomechanics of running is different between older- and younger-aged runners on several relevant parameters. The larger impact peak force and initial loading rate indicate a loss of shock-absorbing capacity in the older runners. This may increase their susceptibility to lower-extremity overuse injuries. Moreover, it emphasizes the focus on optimizing cushioning properties in the design and prescription of running shoes and suggests that older-aged runners should be cautious with running under conditions of high impact.
Efficient evolutionary image processing using genetic programming: Reducing computation time for generating feature images of the Automatically Construction of Tree-Structural Image Transformation (ACTIT) (2010)

Using well-established techniques of Genetic Programming (GP), we automatically optimize image feature filters over several inputs and within transformation images, improving the Automatic Construction of Tree-Structural Image Transformation (ACTIT) system. Our objective is to also produce optimal solutions in substantially less computation time than require for generating features of ACTIT. We improved the algorithm feature filters in the process through GP, which are expressed by trees in Automatic Construction of Tree-Structural Image Transformation, to reduce computation time. Through our experimentation, we show that our new approach is accurate and requires less computation time by maintaining the feature images in conjunction with the original images.
World-City Network: A New Metageography? (2000)

You cannot have a geography of anything that is unconnected
Analysis of Risk factors of Different Age Groups of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (2009)

Objective To explore the risk factors of different age groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods 135 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)were randomly selected.The risk factors between youth and middle-aged group(＜60y)and elderly group(≥60y)were compared and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results(1)The differences of smoking and drinking habits,positive family history,hypertension history and diabetes history between the two groups were significant(P＜0.05).(2)TG levels of the youth group were significantly higher than the elderly group(P＜0.05).Conclusion(1)Youth and middle-aged group patients with AMI were mainly males who have smoking and drinking habits,family history and high TG.(2)Elderly group with AMI has seen an obvious increase in female patients with hypertension and diabetes.(3)Bad life style and genetic predisposition can speed the development of CHD.

Key words: 
Acute myocardial infarction; Coronary heart disease; Risk factors
Traffic channel SIR estimation based on reverse pilot channel (2004)

Signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is a very important metric of communication link quality. For wireless cellular systems, several control mechanism, such as power control, rate control, and allocation of radio resource are based on SIR estimation. In previous research, most of researches concentrate on WCDMA system in which pilot symbol is time-multiplexed with data symbol, this method is not feasible for cdma2000 system where pilot symbol is code-multiplexed with data symbol. This paper first develops SIR estimators based on reverse pilot channel and then derives the approximate analytic expression for its mean squared error (MSE) function, the accuracy of which is validated through simulation. It is shown that the MSE of the new SIR estimator is significantly smaller than the MSE of other widely used SIR estimators, especially in low SIR case.
The Effect of the Angle of Suture Anchor Insertion on Fixation Failure at the Tendon–Suture Interface After Rotator Cuff Repair: Deadman's Angle Revisited (2009)

The angle of suture anchor insertion into the greater tuberosity during rotator cuff repair has an effect on the soft tissue fixation at the tendon-suture interface.
Increased number of suppressor T-cells and impaired IL-2 mediated T-cell function in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients. (1990)

The present study was designed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for suppressed T-cell immunity in gastric cancer patients. The peripheral blood T-cell functions in gastric cancer patients were evaluated by measuring responses to PHA and IL-2, and T-cell subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry. Both the PHA and IL-2 responses decreased in patients with gastric cancer, although the proportions of CD3+ and CD25+ cells were the same for gastric cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The PHA response, but not that of IL-2, was lower in patients with liver metastasis or peritoneal dissemination than in patients without these conditions. Single regression analysis showed that with lymph node involvement in the disease the IL-2 response was more strongly suppressed than PHA response. The serum level of IAP did not correlate with the response to either PHA or IL-2. The proportion of CD4+ cells was not affected by any factor related to gastric cancer, although CD4+/CD8+ and CD8+11b-/CD8+11b+ ratios did decrease in patients with distant lymph node involvement. These changes may be due to a comparative increase in suppressor cells. These results suggest that gastric cancer patients exhibit impaired IL-2 mediated T-cell function and that the number of suppressor cells may increase with progressive lymph node involvement. These two serial effects may be indeed responsible for the impaired blood T-cell function in patients with gastric cancer.
Scale-Up of Microwave-Promoted Reactions to the Multigram Level Using a Sealed-Vessel Microwave Apparatus (2008)

A range of synthetic transformations have been scaled up successfully using a sealed-vessel multimode microwave unit. These include metal-catalyzed couplings, synthesis of heterocycles, reactions under an atmosphere of reactive gas and two-step one-pot procedures. Also, observations have been made along the way that are of use to chemists addressing scale-up of microwave-promoted reactions.
Evolution of logic locking (2017)

The globalization of integrated circuit (IC) supply chain and the emergence of threats, such as intellectual property (IP) piracy, reverse engineering, and hardware Trojans, have forced semiconductor companies to revisit the trust in the supply chain. Logic locking is emerging as a popular and effective countermeasure against these threats. Over the years, multiple logic techniques have been developed. Moreover, a number of attacks have been proposed that expose the security vulnerabilities of these techniques. This paper highlights the key developments in the logic locking research and presents a comprehensive literature review of logic locking.
Real-Time Studies of Iron Oxalate-Mediated Oxidation of Glycolaldehyde as a Model for Photochemical Aging of Aqueous Tropospheric Aerosols (2016)

The complexation of iron(III) with oxalic acid in aqueous solution yields a strongly absorbing chromophore that undergoes efficient photodissociation to give iron(II) and the carbon dioxide anion radical. Importantly, iron(III) oxalate complexes absorb near-UV radiation (λ > 350 nm), providing a potentially powerful source of oxidants in aqueous tropospheric chemistry. Although this photochemical system has been studied extensively, the mechanistic details associated with its role in the oxidation of dissolved organic matter within aqueous aerosol remain largely unknown. This study utilizes glycolaldehyde as a model organic species to examine the oxidation pathways and evolution of organic aerosol initiated by the photodissociation of aqueous iron(III) oxalate complexes. Hanging droplets (radius 1 mm) containing iron(III), oxalic acid, glycolaldehyde, and ammonium sulfate (pH ∼3) are exposed to irradiation at 365 nm and sampled at discrete time points utilizing field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI-MS). Glycolaldehyde is found to undergo rapid oxidation to form glyoxal, glycolic acid, and glyoxylic acid, but the formation of high molecular weight oligomers is not observed. For comparison, particle-phase experiments conducted in a laboratory chamber explore the reactive uptake of gas-phase glycolaldehyde onto aqueous seed aerosol containing iron and oxalic acid. The presence of iron oxalate in seed aerosol is found to inhibit aerosol growth. These results suggest that photodissociation of iron(III) oxalate can lead to the formation of volatile oxidation products in tropospheric aqueous aerosols.
Activated Protein C Resistance in Ischemic Stroke Not Due to Factor V Arginine <sup>506</sup> →Glutamine Mutation (1996)

In Hispanic patients with ischemic stroke, the incidence (approximately 10%) of APC resistance is not caused by the factor V Arg506-->Gln mutation. APC resistance not caused by this factor V mutation may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke in this population.
Tip-Enhanced Thermal Expansion Force for Nanoscale Chemical Imaging and Spectroscopy in Photoinduced Force Microscopy (2018)

We investigate the tip-enhanced thermal expansion force for nanoscale chemical imaging and spectroscopy in the tip-sample junction. It is found, both theoretically and experimentally, that the tip-enhanced absorption of the near-field at the tip followed by sample expansion shows characteristic behaviors with respect to the sample thickness and the incident laser pulse width. The van der Waals interaction plays a major role in exerting a force on the tip from the thermally expanded sample. The force behavior of the photoinduced force microscope (PiFM) is compared with that of the existing photothermal-induced resonance technique (PTIR) to unravel the ambiguous thermal expansion force mechanism. The present study opens up new opportunities for enhancing the performance of optical nanoscopy and spectroscopy such as chemical imaging of nanobiomaterials and the local field mapping of photonic devices, including surface polaritons on van der Waals materials with the assistance of the thermal expansion of a functionalized tip.
Cavernous malformations: Results of imageguided resection (1995)

With increased use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diagnosis of cavernous malformations (CMs) has become straightforward. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for these lesions. These malformations, though, are often small and can be difficult to localize during surgery. In these cases, stereotactic resection with a frame-based system is recommended to aid in localization of the malformation. However, use of these frame-based systems can be time consuming for the surgeon and onerous for the patient. With the advent of frameless stereotactic systems, these problems can be circumvented. Therefore, stereotactic resection of 17 CMs was performed for 15 patients over the course of 2 years at our institution during an investigative trial of a frameless stereotactic device. Eight patients presented with seizures, five patients with hemorrhage, and two patients with progressive headaches. Twelve of fifteen patients had normal neurological examination results on presentation, whereas three patients had deficits resulting from intracranial hemorrhages. All patients underwent diagnostic MRI preoperatively. Fourteen lesions were found to be cortical and subcortical; the other three lesions were in the basal ganglia, lateral ventricle, and pons. Following resection, 11 of 15 patients improved. Two patients developed postoperative deficits shortly after resection. One patient with a preoperative neurological deficit remained unchanged, and one patient had a recurrence of a deficit several months following resection. Image-guided stereotactic resection provides for easy localization of small malformations without requiring the use of a stereotactic frame or retractor and is well suited for resection of cavernous malformations.
Topic identification for fine-grained opinion analysis (2008)

Within the area of general-purpose fine-grained subjectivity analysis, opinion topic identification has, to date, received little attention due to both the difficulty of the task and the lack of appropriately annotated resources. In this paper, we provide an operational definition of opinion topic and present an algorithm for opinion topic identification that, following our new definition, treats the task as a problem in topic coreference resolution. We develop a methodology for the manual annotation of opinion topics and use it to annotate topic information for a portion of an existing general-purpose opinion corpus. In experiments using the corpus, our topic identification approach statistically significantly outperforms several non-trivial baselines according to three evaluation measures.
Lectures in plasma diagnostics (2022)

This paper discusses the following topics on plasma diagnostics: Electric probes in flowing and magnetized plasmas; Electron cyclotron emission absorption; Magnetic diagnostics; Spectroscopy; and Thomson Scattering.
A one-carbon homologation of carbonyl compounds to carboxylic acids, esters, and amides (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA one-carbon homologation of carbonyl compounds to carboxylic acids, esters, and amidesStephen E. Dinizo, Robert W. Freerksen, W. Edward Pabst, and David S. WattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 1, 182–186Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00443a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00443a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1048Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New application of peptide cyclization on an oxime resin (the PCOR method): preparation of lanthionine peptides (1993)

Peptides containing an orthogonally protected lanthionine amino acid unit at the N-terminus, prepared on a Kaiser-oxime resin using Boc-chemistry and the BOP peptide coupling method, have been cyclized via peptide cyclization on an oxime resin.
CommandTalk (1997)

CommandTalk is a spoken-language interface to battlefield simulations that allows the use of ordinary spoken English to create forces and control measures, assign missions to forces, modify missions during execution, and control simulation system functions. CommandTalk combines a number of separate components integrated through the use of the Open Agent Architecture, including the Nuance speech recognition system, the Gemini natural-language parsing and interpretation system, a contextual-interpretation module, a "push-to-talk" agent, the ModSAF battle-field simulator, and "Start-It" (a graphical processing-spawning agent). Commano Talk is installed at a number of Government and contractor sites, including NRaD and the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center. It is currently being extended to provide exercise-time control of all simulated U.S. forces in DARPA'S STOW 97 demonstration.
Cytoplasmic intron retention, function, splicing, and the sentinel <scp>RNA</scp> hypothesis (2013)

Cytoplasmic splicing represents a newly emerging level of transcriptional regulation adding to the molecular diversity of mammalian cells. As examples of this noncanonical form of transcript processing are discovered, the evidence of its importance to normal cellular function grows. Work from a number of groups using a variety of cell types is steadily identifying a large number of transcripts (and soon to be even larger as genome-wide analyses of retained introns across a number of cellular phenotypes are currently underway) that undergo some level of regulated endogenous extranuclear splicing as part of their normal biosynthetic pathway. Here, we review the existing data covering cytoplasmic retained intron sequences and suggest that such sequences may be a component of 'sentinel RNA' that serves to generate transcript variants within the cytoplasm as well as a source for RNA-based secondary messages.
Transparent actuator made with few layer graphene electrode and dielectric elastomer, for variable focus lens (2013)

A transparent dielectric elastomer actuator driven by few-layer-graphene (FLG) electrode was experimentally investigated. The electrodes were made of graphene, which was dispersed in N-methyl-pyrrolidone. The transparent actuator was fabricated from developed FLG electrodes. The FLG electrode with its sheet resistance of 0.45 kΩ/sq (80 nm thick) was implemented to mask silicone elastomer. The developed FLG-driven actuator exhibited an optical transparency of over 57% at a wavenumber of 600 nm and produced bending displacement performance ranging from 29 to 946 μm as functions of frequency and voltage. The focus variation was clearly demonstrated under actuation to study its application-feasibility in variable focus lens and various opto-electro-mechanical devices.
Preclinical Formulations: Insight, Strategies, and Practical Considerations (2014)

A lot of resources and efforts have been directed to synthesizing potentially useful new chemical entities (NCEs) by pharmaceutical scientists globally. Detailed physicochemical characterization of NCEs in an industrial setup begins almost simultaneously with preclinical testing. Most NCEs possess poor water solubility posing bioavailability issues during initial preclinical screening, sometimes resulting in dropping out of an NCE with promising therapeutic activity. Selection of right formulation approach for an NCE, based on its physicochemical properties, can aid in improving its solubility-related absorption and bioavailability issues. The review focuses on preclinical formulations stressing upon different preclinical formulation strategies and deciphers the understanding of formulation approaches that could be employed. It also provides detailed information related to a vast pool of excipients available today, which is of immense help in designing preclinical formulations. Few examples mentioned, throw light on key aspects of preclinical formulation development. The review will serve as an important guide for selecting the right strategy to improve bioavailability of NCEs for academic as well as industrial formulation scientists.
Elder fish means more microplastics? Alaska pollock microplastic story in the Bering Sea (2023)

Marine microplastics are an increasingly big concern. We analyze the occurrence of microplastics in Alaska pollock (<i>Gadus chalcogrammus</i>) across 2+ to 12+ ages sampled from the Bering Sea. Results show that 85% of the fish have ingested microplastics and elder fish ingest more with over a third of microplastics in the 100- to 500-micrometer size range, indicating the prevalence of microplastics in Alaska pollock distributed in the Bering Sea. A positive linear relationship is obtained between fish age and microplastic size. Meanwhile, the number of polymer types increases in elder fish. The link between microplastic characteristics in Alaska pollock and the surrounding seawater suggests an extended spatial impact of microplastics. The impact of age-related microplastic ingestion on the population quality of Alaska pollock is still unknown. Therefore, we need to further investigate the potential impact of microplastics on marine organisms and the marine ecosystem, taking age as an important factor.
Object-Based Features for House Detection from RGB High-Resolution Images (2018)

Automatic building extraction from satellite images, an open research topic in remote sensing, continues to represent a challenge and has received substantial attention for decades. This paper presents an object-based and machine learning-based approach for automatic house detection from RGB high-resolution images. The images are first segmented by an algorithm combing a thresholding watershed transformation and hierarchical merging, and then shadows and vegetation are eliminated from the initial segmented regions to generate building candidates. Subsequently, the candidate regions are subjected to feature extraction to generate training data. In order to capture the characteristics of house regions well, we propose two kinds of new features, namely edge regularity indices (ERI) and shadow line indices (SLI). Finally, three classifiers, namely AdaBoost, random forests, and Support Vector Machine (SVM), are employed to identify houses from test images and quality assessments are conducted. The experiments show that our method is effective and applicable for house identification. The proposed ERI and SLI features can improve the precision and recall by 5.6% and 11.2%, respectively.
A New Miniaturized Type of Three-Dimensional SiGe 90° Hybrid Coupler at 20 GHz using The Meandering TFMS and Stripline Shunt Stub Loading (2007)

This paper proposes a new scheme for realizing a compact 3-D 90° hybrid coupler based on the compact meandered thin-film microstrip (TFMS) transmission line and stripline shunt stub loading, and successfully demonstrated by using the multi-layer 0.35 μm SiGe HBT Jazz process. The proposed coupler takes advantage of the multi-level metallization processes offered in SiGe technology. The intrinsic area of the fabricated 3-D hybrid coupler is significantly reduced and has shown a size reduction of 92% in circuit area at 20 GHz compared to that of a conventional hybrid coupler using the TFMS configuration. Experimental results are presented in support of the novel miniature coupler.