gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience and Results with a New Automated MPD System while Drilling and Cementing Liner in an Onshore Depleted Gas Field (2010)

Abstract In their development of onshore gas fields in South Texas Shell has encountered margins in which the difference between dynamic ECD and static BHP is the difference between lost circulation and influx. Their solution to eliminate those problems included liner drilling and automated MPD. Those complementary technologies allowed Shell to extend static underbalanced drilling to extremely tight margins, eliminate losses and stuck pipe, and manage constant BHP during periods of high drill gas and cementing operations. An automated and modular MPD system was recently used in two wells to hold constant BHP in a very narrow window without a back pressure pump. In the first well, Shell used the system to drill-in 740 ft of 7-5/8” liner in an 8-1/2” hole with 15.0 ppg mud statically underbalanced relative to wellbore stability. In the second, the system was used to drill-in 700’ of 3-1/2” tubing in a 6-1/2” hole with a static mud of 15.7 and a dynamic ECD of 16.2 ppg. In that interval the upper limit was estimated to be a 16.5 ppg fracture gradient and the lower limit, a 15.8 ppg pore pressure. In the second well the level of drill gas rose to over 1400 units. However, even with such high levels of gas the new MPD system was able to maintain the BHP between +/− 0.2 ppg while making connections and trapping gas in the annulus. Shell was able to avoid the cost of a contingency 5-1/2” liner drilling operation and for the first time used an automated MPD system to manage constant BHP while cementing a drilled-in production tubing string. The small footprint and improved control capability of the new MPD system can provide onshore and offshore operators an efficient solution to improve drilling and cementing operations in mature depleted fields.
The real-life dangers of augmented reality (2015)

You know your cellphone can distract you and that you shouldn't be texting or surfing the Web while walking down a crowded street or driving a car. Augmented reality- in the form of Google Glass, Sony's SmartEyeglass, or Microsoft HoloLens- may appear to solve that problem. These devices present contextual information transparently or in a way that obscures little, seemingly letting you navigate the world safely, in the same way head-up displays enable fighter pilots to maintain situational awareness. (1) But can augmented reality really deliver on that promise? We ask this question because, as researchers at Kaiser Permanente concerned with diseases that impair mobility (Sabelman) and with using technology to improve patient care (Lam), we see dangers looming. (2) With augmented-reality gear barely on the market, rigorous studies of its effects on vision and mobility have yet to be done. But in reviewing the existing research on the way people perceive and interact with the world around them, we found a number of reasons to be concerned. Augmented reality can cause you to misjudge the speed of oncoming cars, underestimate your reaction time, and unintentionally ignore the hazards of navigating in the real world. And the worst thing about it: Until something bad happens, you won't know you're at greater risk of harm. The Real-Life Dangers of Augmented Reality SPECTRUM.IEEE.
Superior asymmetric supercapacitor based on Ni-Co oxide nanosheets and carbon nanorods (2014)

Nickel and cobalt (Ni-Co) binary oxide nanosheets with mesoporous structure are prepared by a facile approach based on the formation and disassociation of nickel/cobalt-citrate complex, and they show an ultra-high Faradaic capacitance up to 1846 F g(-1) and excellent rate capability. On this basic, advanced aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (AASs) are successfully built by using the Ni-Co oxide as the positive electrode and three kinds of activated carbons respectively as the negative electrode. As-made AASs are able to work reversibly in a full operated voltage region of 0-1.6 V and exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance. Among them, activated polyaniline-derived carbon (APDC)//Ni-Co oxide AASs shows the highest specific capacitance of 202 F g(-1), the maximum energy density of 71.7 Wh kg(-1), and superior combination of high energy and power density (a energy density of 41.6 Wh kg(-1) at a high power density of 16 kW kg(-1)).
Cycloaddition Reactions of Imines with 3-Thiosuccinic Anhydrides:  Synthesis of the Tricyclic Core of Martinellic Acid (2006)

Arylthio-substituted succinic anhydrides undergo cycloaddition reactions with imines to produce gamma-lactams in high yield and with high diastereoselectivity. The origin of the selectivity is proposed to result from anion-pi repulsion in the transition state. The utility of this technique is demonstrated in a synthesis of the carbon framework common to the alkaloids martinellic acid and martinelline in five steps.
Next Generation of Immunotherapy for Melanoma (2008)

The successes of cytokine and interferon therapy of melanoma, coupled with an array of new approaches, are generating new enthusiasm for the immunotherapy of melanoma.
KSL: a reflective object-oriented programming language (2003)

KSL (Knowledge Specification Language) is an object-oriented programming language that supports data abstraction, inheritance, and message-sending. KSL is also fully reflective, as a result of representing all of the language constructs as objects. Reflectivity allows the object paradigm to be applied to: the development, analysis, and translation of KSL; the extension of KSL to implement additional programming paradigms; and the development of applications that modify themselves. The authors provide an overview of KSL, its object representation, and how its reflectivity is achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ferromagnetic properties and structures of the Mn-implanted GaAs semiconductor (2000)

Submicron ferromagnets have been successfully incorporated into semi-insulating (001) GaAs crystals by Mn+ ion implantation and subsequent rapid annealing. Magnetization measurements reveal room-temperature ferromagnetism. The structural and compositional properties of crystallites have been analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersion x-ray spectrum, and electron microdiffraction. The results show that crystallites of MnGa and MnAs with a small amount of Ga are formed. Atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy images indicate that the single-domain magnetic state is dominant in submicron ferromagnets under our annealing conditions (750 °C–900 °C).
X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels, Obtained by Freezing and Thawing Techniques (2004)

The structure of physical poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels prepared by subjecting a PVA/D2O solution (11% w/w PVA) to freeze (−22 °C)/thaw (+25 °C) cycles has been systematically investigated by X-ray powder diffraction technique as a function of the number of cycles and aging time. The structural analysis has been extended to PVA “dried gels” and PVA hydrogels obtained by rehydrating the dried samples. The results of the present analysis confirm that highly stable PVA hydrogels, with a water uptake higher than 80%, may be obtained upon freeze/thaw cycles. The X-ray diffraction profiles of PVA hydrogels have been interpreted in terms of three components: “free water”, crystalline PVA aggregates, and swollen amorphous PVA. The degree of crystallinity and the size of the crystals increase with increasing the number of freeze/thaw cycles and the aging time. Our results support the hypothesis that PVA hydrogels have a porous structure, with pores mainly occupied by water. The porous walls consist of swollen amorphous PVA while the crystalline domains act as knots of the gel network. The presence of crystalline knots ensures a high dimensional stability of the gel and induces elastic properties. Long time aging in sealed vials at room temperature induces large variations in the structure of freeze/thaw PVA hydrogels. The porous structure formed during freeze/thaw cycles in PVA hydrogels, instead, is not greatly altered upon drying and during the successive rehydration step; rehydrated gels, indeed, recover almost completely volume, shape, and physical properties of the as-formed freeze/thaw PVA hydrogels. Thus, the outstanding physical and mechanical properties of freeze/thaw PVA/hydrogels in the as-prepared state, may be preserved even for a long time, drying the samples immediately after the preparation and then restored when needed, upon rehydration of the dried samples.
Virtual Technical Trainer: Learning How to Use Milling Machines with Multi-Sensory Feedback in Virtual Reality (2006)

This paper describes the use and characteristics of a virtual reality system called the virtual technical trainer (VTT). This system is dedicated to vocational training courses on using and programming numerically-controlled milling machines. It aims at replacing the conventional mechanical milling machines which are currently used in such vocational training courses. VTT proposes an interactive manipulation of a cutter of a virtual milling machine, with visual, audio and haptic (force) feedback. VTT uses a haptic device which was specifically designed for the purpose of our pedagogical application. When the virtual cutter mills a piece of material, a plastic deformation algorithm is used and the material is progressively carved. Trainees can feel the cutting effort thanks to a force feedback which varies as a function of different simulation parameters (rotation speed of the tool, type of material to carve, etc). Realistic audio feedback (which was recorded in real situations) and additional visual assistance may be added, in order to increase the perception and understanding of the milling task. A preliminary evaluation of VTT showed that this simulator could be used by vocational trainers successfully. It could help them to teach the basic principles of machining at the first stages of vocational training courses on numerically-controlled milling machines.
Universal rewriting in constrained memories (2009)

A constrained memory is a storage device whose elements change their states under some constraints. A typical example is flash memories, in which cell levels are easy to increase but hard to decrease. In a general rewriting model, the stored data changes with some pattern determined by the application. In a constrained memory, an appropriate representation is needed for the stored data to enable efficient rewriting.
In Vivo Generation of CAR T Cells Selectively in Human CD4+ Lymphocytes (2020)

T cells modified with CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) result in significant clinical benefit for leukemia patients but constitute a challenge for manufacturing. We have recently demonstrated the in vivo generation of CD19-CAR T cells using the CD8-targeted lentiviral vector (CD8-LV). In this study, we investigated the in vivo generation of CD4<sup>+</sup> CAR T cells using CD4-targeted LV (CD4-LV). Administration of CD4-LV into NSG mice transplanted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) led to 40%-60% of human CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes being CAR positive while CD8<sup>+</sup> cells remained CAR negative. CAR<sup>+</sup> T cells displayed a T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 phenotype, which was accompanied by CD19<sup>+</sup> B cell elimination. Intravenous administration of CD4-LV into NSG mice reconstituted with human CD34<sup>+</sup> cells induced CAR expression and B cell elimination within 2-3 weeks post-injection. Preclinical analysis in a tumor mouse model revealed that mice administered CD4-LV exhibited faster and superior tumor cell killing compared to mice injected with CD8-LV alone or as a mixture with CD4-LV. Further analysis suggests that CD4<sup>+</sup>CAR<sup>+</sup> cells may outperform CD8<sup>+</sup>CAR<sup>+</sup> cells, especially at a high burden of target antigen, mainly since CD8 cells are more prone to exhaustion. This first description of in vivo-generated CD4<sup>+</sup> CAR T cells supports their importance for cellular therapy.
Larger is better (2008)

Seed selection is of significant importance for the biased PageRank algorithms such as TrustRank to combat link spamming. Previous work usually uses a small seed set, which has a big problem that the top ranking results have a strong bias towards seeds. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the result bias and the number of seeds. Furthermore, we experimentally show that an automatically selected large seed set can work better than a carefully selected small seed set.
Imaging complex structures with diffuse light (2008)

We use diffuse optical tomography to quantitatively reconstruct images of complex phantoms with millimeter sized features located centimeters deep within a highly-scattering medium. A non-contact instrument was employed to collect large data sets consisting of greater than 10(7) source-detector pairs. Images were reconstructed using a fast image reconstruction algorithm based on an analytic solution to the inverse scattering problem for diffuse light.
A Personalised Online Travel Time Prediction Model (2013)

Congestion slows road traffic. This has become a prominent urban road traffic problem. For commuters about to travel, or on route, accurate travel forecasts enable them to choose the right routes in a timely manner to avoid travel delays. In this paper, a personalised online travel time prediction model is proposed. The novelty of the work is threefold. First, commuters' travel status according to their movement status, OD (origin-destination) status and plan status can be identified. Second, a traffic data critical factor evaluator system is proposed to extract critical factors from raw traffic data that can predict travel time episodically. Third, travel information can be personalised to the individual commuter's current travel status. The evaluation of the proposed model is conducted with a Google Android mobile application prototype and traffic data from the city of Enschede. The results suggest that the model can provide commuters with accurate travel time prediction (>93%) by leveraging machine learning techniques such as a M5 tree model.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of enzyme controlling sugar metabolism during coffee bean development [S19-14] (2003)

In green coffee beans, the carbohydrate fraction represents about half of the dry weight, and participates in the extensive chemical changes associated during coffee roasting. Among these carbohydrates, sucrose is considered as the major precursor of coffee flavour and aroma, because it is rapidly degraded during the roasting or by steam treatment. Sucrose breakdown during roasting leads to anhydro-sugars (like 1,6 anhydro-glucose, arabinose, glyoxal), which then react in a number of ways leading to a wide range of compounds (i.e. aliphatic acids, hydroxymethyl furfural and other furans, pyrazine and carbony compounds). Despite these important effects, little is known about sugar metabolism (gene and protein expression/regulation) in coffee, particularly during the long phase of the bean development. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to increase our basic knowledge about sugar metabolism in coffee, mainly to understand the sink-source relationships during the development of coffee bean and their effects on the coffee bean size. To achieve these goals, cDNA sequences of invertase (EC 3.2.1.26), sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) were cloned in our laboratories or identified from the Coffee Genome Project database (http://arara.lbi.ic.unicamp.br/cafe/). The use of this sequences to investigate their expression throughout coffee bean development via northern analysis and RT-PCR experiments is presented. At the biochemical level, kinetic characteristics and preliminary results of invertase and sucrose synthase enzymatic activities detected during the coffee bean development will be also presented and discussed in relation to evolution of tissues and sugar content. In addition, branches bearing fruits were fed with 14CO2 and the radioactivity distribution determined in the different tissues of the fruits. (Texte intégral)
PepperGram with interactive control (2016)

A peppergram allows a user to experience a visual image floating in the air. This paper explores how to add interactive controls to a peppergram. An investigation was conducted to explore the suitability of two different integrative methods for navigating a peppergram as a multimedia presentation tool; a Myo armband, and touch screen input. These methods were used with prototype 3D visual images experienced on a high-resolution mobile tablet device. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the user experience. We found that using freehand gesture input with the Myo could be one way to provide interaction with peppergram virtual content without requiring any touch input. These results could be used as the basis for further development of interactive peppergram displays.
Isolation of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from Bacillus subtilis. (1983)

Bacillus subtilis is regarded as one of the most important bacteria in the food industry. Next to Mycobacterium lepraemurium, B. subtilis (IFO 3022) is the best bacterial producer of superoxide dismutase. The B. subtilis superoxide dismutase was purified 40-fold to homogeneity from a cellfree extract using ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Toyopearl and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 45, 000 and consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight. The enzyme, which exhibits absorption maxima at 280 and 470nm, contains 1.13g atoms of Mn per mol of enzyme as the catalytically active metal.
Comparison of computationally efficient forms of FDTS/DF against PR4-ML (1991)

The authors compare the error-rate performance and circuit complexity of fixed-delay tree search with decision-feedback (FDTS/DF) to that of Class IV partial response equalization followed by Viterbi detection (PR4-ML). The impact of realistic impulse responses, misequalization, phase errors, and offtrack interference on both detection strategies is explored. Two computationally efficient methods for implementing FDTS/DF are presented. These FDTS/DF architectures avoid explicit multiplication-one uses a RAM-based table lookup and the other uses binary equalization over the tree-depth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deepwater drilling in the Arctic Ocean's permanent sea ice (2006)

A fundamentally new multiple-vessel approach was developed under the auspices of the Ocean Drilling Program and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) to drill and recover deeply buried sediments in the Arctic Ocean.This approach overcame the difficulty of maintaining position over a drill site and recovering sediments in waters that are covered in moving ice floes.In August 2004, a convoy of three icebreakers met at the ice edge, northwest of Franz Josef Land, and headed north to begin the Arctic Coring Expedition, IODP Expedition 302.This expedition successfully recovered core at depths >400 meters below seafloor in 9/ 10 ice-covered water depths ranging from 1100 to 1300 m.Expedition 302 involved >200 people, including scientists, technical staff, icebreaker experts, ice management experts, ships' crew, and educators.At the drill site, temperatures hovered near 0C and occasionally dropped to -12C.Ice floes 1-3 m thick blanketed 90% (i.e., >9/10 ice cover) of the ocean surface, and ice ridges, several meters high, were encountered where floes converged.The ice drifted at speeds of up to 0.3 kt and changed direction over short time periods, sometimes within 1 h.A Swedish diesel-electric icebreaker, the Vidar Viking was converted to a drill ship for this expedition by adding a moonpool and a geotechnical drilling system capable of suspending >2000 m of drill pipe through the water column and into the underlying sediments.Two other icebreakers, a Russian nuclear vessel, the Sovetskiy Soyuz, and a Swedish diesel-electric vessel, the Oden protected the Vidar Viking by circling "upstream" in the flowing sea ice, breaking the floes into smaller pieces that wouldn't dislodge the drilling vessel >75 m from a fixed position.Despite thick and pervasive ice cover, the fleet and ice management teams successfully enabled the drilling team to recover cores from three sites.Ice conditions became unmanageable only twice, forcing the fleet to retrieve the pipe and move away until conditions improved.The scientific results from this drilling will significantly advance our understanding of Arctic and global climate. BackgroundThe Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), which operated from 1968 to 2003, were the first scientific efforts to sample the deep subsurface of much of the global Deepwater drilling in the Arctic Ocean's permanent sea ice 1
Intelligent Hierarchical Intrusion Detection System for VANETs (2021)

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) allow road entities to communicate with each other and with the infrastructure, enabling the development of more complex scenarios and applications. However, due to their nature and intrinsic characteristics, they are very attractive for attackers. Thus, the implementation of security measures is imperative. However, the more traditional solutions based on cryptography that aim to prevent attacks are not always enough. Some attacks may bypass the security measures, and, in some cases, security can even increase the consequences of the attacks. This paper proposes an Intelligent Hierarchical Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that divides the network into four levels and, each of them, into multiple clusters, enabling the usage of different Machine Learning (ML) based detection techniques. Thus, each level may use an algorithm that more suits its needs. The datasets used in this research work are publicly available and easily accessible, enabling the verification and comparison of the obtained results. However, these did not originate from real-world data but from simulation. The communications between all the hierarchy entities are secured using Vehicular Ad hoc Network Public Key Infrastructure and Attribute-Based Encryption with Identity Manager Hybrid (VPKIbrID). This hybrid model takes advantage of multiple techniques to fulfill several communication requisites for secure VANET communications. More precisely, the VPKIb-rID Attribute-Based Encryption (VPKIbrID-ABE) mode allows ciphering data to various targets without the need to cipher individually for each one of them.
Shadowfax (2011)

Systems with specialized processors such as those used for accel- erating computations (like NVIDIA's graphics processors or IBM's Cell) have proven their utility in terms of higher performance and lower power consumption. They have also been shown to outperform general purpose processors in case of graphics intensive or high performance applications and for enterprise applications like modern financial codes or web hosts that require scalable image processing. These facts are causing tremendous growth in accelerator-based platforms in the high performance domain with systems like Keeneland, supercomputers like Tianhe-1, RoadRunner and even in data center systems like Amazon's EC2.