gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor for Aerobic Whole-Cell Immobilization (1986)

Aerobically growing Escherichiacoli, Aspergillusniger and Norcardiamediterranei were immobilized in the interstitial space of a dual hollow-fiber bioreactor formed by a parallel arrangement of three microporous polypropylene hollow fibers contained within a silicone tubule. All three types of cells grew well and attained high densities to reach 550-600 g dry cell weight per liter of the cell containing volume. In the cultivation of E.coli, cell growth among the fibers was not uniform and leakage of cells through the fiber walls was observed. The unlimited growth of A.niger expanded the silicone fiber and compressed the inner fibers to reduce the substrate flow rates gradually to zero. Only Nocardiamediterranei was grown successfully to make possible long term operation of 50 days or more, producing antibiotics rifamycin B with a volumetric productivity of 125 μg/mL/h based on the volume occupied by the immobilized cells. This corresponds to a 30-fold increase over the productivity of a comparable batch system.
Synthesis and characterization of multiply‐tyrosinated, multiply‐iodinated somatostatin analogs (1999)

Radio-labeled somatostatin analogs have recently gained popularity as agents useful in intraoperative tumor localization, external scintigraphy and in situ radiotherapy. We have synthesized and characterized a series of novel N-terminally extended multiply-tyrosinated somatostatin analogs that possess high binding affinity for somatostatin receptors, exhibit biological activity comparable to the native peptide and retain these characteristics after iodination. These analogs can be radio-iodinated to high specific activities. Following radioiodination, these analogs exhibit minimal radiolysis and may be clinically useful for tumor localization, scanning and therapy.
Visual Odometry System Using Multiple Stereo Cameras and Inertial Measurement Unit (2007)

Over the past decade, tremendous amount of research activity has focused around the problem of localization in GPS denied environments. Challenges with localization are highlighted in human wearable systems where the operator can freely move through both indoors and outdoors. In this paper, we present a robust method that addresses these challenges using a human wearable system with two pairs of backward and forward looking stereo cameras together with an inertial measurement unit (IMU). This algorithm can run in real-time with 15 Hz update rate on a dual-core 2 GHz laptop PC and it is designed to be a highly accurate local (relative) pose estimation mechanism acting as the front-end to a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) type method capable of global corrections through landmark matching. Extensive tests of our prototype system so far, reveal that without any global landmark matching, we achieve between 0.5% and 1% accuracy in localizing a person over a 500 meter travel indoors and outdoors. To our knowledge, such performance results with a real time system have not been reported before.
Parametric Analysis of Vertically Oriented Metamaterials for Wideband Omnidirectional Perfect Absorption (2018)

Metamaterials provide a means to tailor the spectral response of a surface. Given the periodic nature of the metamaterial, proper design of the unit cell requires intimate knowledge of the parameter space for each design variable. We present a detailed study of the parameter space surrounding vertical split-ring resonators and planar split-ring resonators, and demonstrate widening of the perfect absorption bandwidth based on the understanding of its parameter space.
MATCHED MULTI‐TRACE WEIGHTED RMS GEOMETRY REPEATABILITY FOR TIME‐LAPSE SEISMIC (2016)

Abstract Time‐lapse, or 4D, seismic technology is a tool to monitor underground change for oil field maximum recovery or other purpose especially associated to human being activities. Repeatability is a key issue for time‐lapse seismic and geometry repeatability is a fundamental element to essentially affect the repeatability. There were many practices to improve repeatability during data processing, but geometry repeatability needs to be acquired during monitor data acquisition phase. Theory and practice shows that geometry repeatability determined in acquisition cannot be thoroughly improved in processing. Thus, geometry repeatability analysis is important. Multi‐trace geometry repeatability rises from practical situation. Multi‐trace geometry repeatability is important for overall geometry repeatability evaluation. The difference or repeatability of time‐lapse seismic data is evaluated by normalized RMS difference (NRMS). The definition of multi‐trace repeatability can be derived from NRMS for time‐lapse seismic/4D seismic data, showing that multi‐trace repeatability is weighted RMS of all single traces. Noting that the uncertainty of the match between monitor data and baseline data and that probable data size difference between monitor and baseline, the repeatability of the best baseline‐based match with imaginary data for mismatch was employed. Derived from previous researches, the linear model of relationship between seismic data repeatability and geometry repeatability was established, and the weighted RMS geometry repeatability of the best baseline‐based match with extrapolation for mismatch was obtained as the equivalent of the repeatability of the best baseline‐based match with imaginary data for mismatch. The weighting coefficient is determined on the basis of NMO and its stretch. Application study was also conducted based on real data to demonstrate that the new geometry repeatability can be utilized to valuate geometry repeatability during 4D monitor seismic data acquisition. The application study showed that one display of the multi‐trace geometry repeatability upon best baseline‐based match with extrapolation for mismatch can indicate repeatability and effect of fold of coverage simultaneously. The calculation in application was simplified for speed improvement, which is not yet the main point in this article.
<title>Holographic gunsight: the next generation</title> (2000)

Holographic gunsight was first conceived in the 1970s and prototypes were fabricated using a He-Ne laser as the illuminating source. The laser source was too costly and fragile and these prototype units were too bulky to be viable as a commercial product. With the advent of low cost laser diodes, EOTech introduced into the commercial market a compact holographic gunsight for small arms in 1996 which has since become one of the most popular gunsight in the U.S. and in Europe. In this paper, the design of the second generation holographic gunsight is described. The optical path travels predominantly in the vertical direction which reduces the length and the weight of the sight by a third. The optical design challenges include the generation of a stable holographic image with changes in the laser emission wavelength, circularization of the laser elliptical beam profile, and the production of high quality optics at low cost. The opto-mechanical design challenges include very fine angular adjustments, stability over large temperature range and the ability to withstand the recoil of powerful handguns.
Low-Temperature All-Solution-Derived Amorphous Oxide Thin-Film Transistors (2013)

We prepared thin-film transistors (TFTs) in which all the layers were fabricated using simple chemical solution-processed, vacuum-free routes, followed by thermal annealing at 400°C. A ruthenium oxide film prepared via low-temperature processing was used for both gate and source/drain electrodes. Amorphous lanthanum-zirconium oxide and zirconium-indium-zinc oxide films were used as the gate insulator and channel layer, respectively, which enabled the fabrication of a TFT with the desired performance at a sufficiently low temperature. The ultraviolet-ozone treatment was adopted to channel layer to facilitate precursor decomposition and condensation processes. As a result, the obtained ON/OFF ratio, subthreshold swing voltage, and channel mobility were ~ 6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> , 250 mV/decade, and 5.80 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , respectively. This result contributes to the development of sustainable completely printed inorganic electronics.
Chronic low-dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells. Toxicity blocked by memantine. (1996)

These data suggest that minor elevations in glutamate concentration can be toxic to ganglion cells if this elevation is maintained for 3 months. Furthermore, memantine is efficacious at protecting ganglion cells from chronic low-dose glutamate toxicity.
Monolithically integrated carbon nanotube bundle field emitters using a double-SOI process (2009)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters offer high energy efficiency and high current density needed for miniature analytical instruments for space exploration. This paper reports design and fabrication of monolithically gate-integrated carbon nanotube bundle field electron emitters using double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. While gate integration with CNT field emitters has been reported before, this process and its extension (as in many layered-SOI substrates) allow monolithic integration of multiple electrodes for electron beam shaping to produce a highly compact field emission electron gun. In addition, this process offers improved dimensional precision, and can be used to integrate gates with single CNT bundle or with an array as needed for an application.
Methods for the identification and analysis of l-altrose in bacterial polysaccharides (1988)

Methods for the detection, quantitation, and configurational analysis of altrose in bacterial polysaccharides were developed and are described. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is first used to qualitatively detect altrose and other monosaccharides in polysaccharide hydrolysates. Alditol acetates are then prepared from these hydrolysates and analyzed by either gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) or GLC-mass spectroscopy (GLC-MS), depending on the nature of the constituent sugars. These data allow the calculation of either the relative or absolute neutral sugar composition (using an internal standard) of a given polysaccharide. The absolute configuration of altrose and other constituent sugars in bacterial polysaccharides was easily determined by GLC analysis of acetylated diastereomeric glycosides prepared from chiral (-)-2-octanol and polysaccharide hydrolysates.
Fault modeling and test algorithm creation strategy for FinFET-based memories (2014)

FinFET transistors are playing an important role in modern technology that is rapidly growing. Embedded memories based on FinFET transistors lead to new defects that can require new embedded test and repair solution. To investigate FinFET-specific faults the existing models and detection techniques are not enough due to a special structure of FinFET transistors. This paper presents a new strategy for investigation of FinFET-specific faults. In addition to fault modeling, a new method is proposed for test algorithm synthesis. The proposed methodology is validated on several real FinFET-based embedded memory technologies. Moreover, new faults are identified that are specific only to FinFETs.
Energy-Aware Memory Mapping for Hybrid FRAM-SRAM MCUs in Intermittently-Powered IoT Devices (2017)

Forecasts project that by 2020, there will be around 50 billion devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT), most of which will operate untethered and unplugged. While environmental energy harvesting is a promising solution to power these IoT edge devices, it introduces new complexities due to the unreliable nature of ambient energy sources. In the presence of an unreliable power supply, frequent checkpointing of the system state becomes imperative, and recent research has proposed the concept of in-situ checkpointing by using ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), an emerging non-volatile memory technology, as unified memory in these systems. Even though an entirely FRAM-based solution provides reliability, it is energy inefficient compared to SRAM due to the higher access latency of FRAM. On the other hand, an entirely SRAM-based solution is highly energy efficient but is unreliable in the face of power loss. This paper advocates an intermediate approach in hybrid FRAM-SRAM microcontrollers that involves judicious memory mapping of program sections to retain the reliability benefits provided by FRAM while performing almost as efficiently as an SRAM-based system. We propose an energy-aware memory mapping technique that maps different program sections to the hybrid FRAM-SRAM microcontroller such that energy consumption is minimized without sacrificing reliability. Our technique consists of eM-map , which performs a one-time characterization to find the optimal memory map for the functions that constitute a program and energy-align , a novel hardware-software technique that aligns the system’s powered-on time intervals to function execution boundaries, which results in further improvements in energy efficiency and performance. Experimental results obtained using the MSP430FR5739 microcontroller demonstrate a significant performance improvement of up to 2x and energy reduction of up to 20% over a state-of-the-art FRAM-based solution. Finally, we present a case study that shows the implementation of our techniques in the context of a real IoT application.
Opportunities and Resistance to Signal-Targeted Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer: What Can we Learn from Proteomic Studies? (2018)

In metastatic pancreatic cancer patients non eligible to surgery, signal-targeted therapies so far failed to show a significant amelioration of survival. These therapeutic options were tested in Phase II/III clinical trials mostly in combination with the reference treatment Gemcitabine. These innovative therapies aim at annihilating the oncogene dependency; they also aim at renormalizing the tumoral stroma to allow immune cell function or re-vascularisation. Transcriptomics and genomics large scale analysis show the great heterogeneity of pancreatic cancers and failed to clearly delineate specific oncogene dependency besides oncogenic Kras. In this review, we will describe the most recent proteomic data in pancreatic tumors and its metastasis, which could help at identifying their major signalling dependencies, as well as explain why they are intrinsically resistant to signal-targeted therapies. We will also discuss why PI3K signalling, as a paradigm of pro-tumorigenic cell signalling and of tumoral adaptative resistance to drugs, is a relevant target in this context.
Ultrabright fluorescent mesoporous silica particles (2010)

Recent self-assembly of ultra-bright fluorescent colloidal mesoporous (nanoporous) silica particles is highlighted. The particles can be up to two others of magnitude brighter than polymeric particles of comparable size assembled with quantum dots. Comparing with the maximum fluorescence of free dye in the same volume, the particles can show fluorescence which is higher by more than three orders of magnitude. We discuss the nature of the high brightness of these particles, existing problems, potential applications and prospects.
Low-Density Lipoprotein-Mediated Delivery of Docosahexaenoic Acid Selectively Kills Murine Liver Cancer Cells (2014)

In summary, these findings indicate that LDL-DHA nanoparticles show great promise as a selective anticancer agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.
Synthesis, Reactivity, and Biological Activity of Gold(I) Complexes Modified with Thiourea-Functionalized Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2015)

Thiourea-modified 3-chloro-4-fluoroanilino-quinazoline derivatives have been studied as potential receptor-targeted carrier ligands in linear gold(I) complexes. The molecules mimic the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase-targeted inhibitor gefitinib. Thiourea groups were either directly attached to quinazoline-C6 (compounds 4, 5, and 7) or linked to this position via a flexible ethylamino chain (compound 9). Compound 7 acts as a thiourea-S/quinazoline-N1 mixed-donor ligand, giving the unexpected dinuclear complex [{Au(μ-7-S,N)}2]X2 (X = Cl(-), SCN(-)) (12a,b) (X-ray crystallography, electrospray mass spectrometry). Derivative 9 forms a stable linear complex, [Au(PEt3)(9-S)](NO3) (13). The biological activity of the carrier ligands and corresponding gold(I) complexes was studied in NCI-H460 and NCI-H1975 lung cancer cells. Compound 9 partially overcomes resistance to gefitinib in NCI-H1975, a lung cancer cell line characterized by a L858R/T790M mutation in EGFR (IC50 values of 1.7 and 30 μM, respectively). The corresponding gold complex (13) maintains activity in the low-micromolar concentration range similar to the metal-free carrier. Compound 9 and the corresponding [Au(PEt3)] complex, 13, inhibit EGFR kinase-mediated phosphorylation with sub-micromolar IC50 values similar to those observed for gefitinib under the same assay conditions. Potential mechanisms of action and reactions in biological media of this new type of hybrid agent, as well as shortcomings of the current design are discussed.
Peripheral Immunotype Correlates with Minimal Residual Disease Status and Is Modulated by Immunomodulatory Drugs in Multiple Myeloma (2018)

Data indicate reversal of immune dysfunction with active treatment; however, the precise contribution of specific immune effector and immune suppressor components to achieve a minimal residual disease (MRD) state and immunomodulatory drug-mediated immunomodulatory effects in multiple myeloma (MM) patients remains poorly understood. In this prospective proof-of-principle study we sought to determine the dynamic alterations in natural killer (NK), NK-T, and T cells, including maturation and activating/inhibitory repertoire associated with MRD<sup>pos</sup> versus MRD<sup>neg</sup> status after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and during lenalidomide-based maintenance therapy. Of the 46MM patients enrolled, 36 had bone marrow MRD assessment 60+ days post-ASCT, 30 had longitudinal blood immunotyping during maintenance (pretherapy and after cycles 1, 3, and 6), and 20 had both MRD assessment and longitudinal immunotyping. Multicolor flow cytometry was used for MRD and immunotyping. Although the absolute number of NK cells was significantly lower in patients with MRD<sup>pos</sup> response, phenotypically NK cells in these patients displayed higher expression of activating receptors KIRDS4 and decreased expression of inhibitory molecules NKG2A compared with the MRD<sup>neg</sup> group. Furthermore, we observed significantly lower frequencies of T cells displaying KIR3DL1 in MRD<sup>pos</sup> versus MRD<sup>neg</sup> patients. Longitudinal immunotyping during lenalidomide maintenance showed loss of mature NK effector function, augmentation of NK-T effector function, and acquisition of PD1 independent anergic state. Our findings also suggest skewing of T cells toward an exhausted state during the maintenance phase in MRD<sup>pos</sup> patients. Put together, these observations provide a distinctive signature for MRD<sup>neg</sup> and MRD<sup>pos</sup> groups. These data support exploration of immune profiling in prospective clinical trials according to MRD-defined responses to identify patients that may benefit from maintenance intensification/modification or maintenance withdrawal.
Task Trail: An Effective Segmentation of User Search Behavior (2014)

In this paper, we introduce “task trail” to understand user search behaviors. We define a task to be an atomic user information need, whereas a task trail represents all user activities within that particular task, such as query reformulations, URL clicks. Previously, web search logs have been studied mainly at session or query level where users may submit several queries within one task and handle several tasks within one session. Although previous studies have addressed the problem of task identification, little is known about the advantage of using task over session or query for search applications. In this paper, we conduct extensive analyses and comparisons to evaluate the effectiveness of task trails in several search applications: determining user satisfaction, predicting user search interests, and suggesting related queries. Experiments on large scale data sets of a commercial search engine show that: (1) Task trail performs better than session and query trails in determining user satisfaction; (2) Task trail increases webpage utilities of end users comparing to session and query trails; (3) Task trails are comparable to query trails but more sensitive than session trails in measuring different ranking functions; (4) Query terms from the same task are more topically consistent to each other than query terms from different tasks; (5) Query suggestion based on task trail is a good complement of query suggestions based on session trail and click-through bipartite. The findings in this paper verify the need of extracting task trails from web search logs and enhance applications in search and recommendation systems.
Slide-free histology via MUSE: UV surface excitation microscopy for imaging unsectioned tissue(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Widely used methods for preparing and viewing tissue specimens at microscopic resolution have not changed for over a century. They provide high-quality images but can involve time-frames of hours or even weeks, depending on logistics. There is increasing interest in slide-free methods for rapid tissue analysis that can both decrease turn-around times and reduce costs. One new approach is MUSE (microscopy with UV surface excitation), which exploits the shallow penetration of UV light to excite fluorescent signals from only the most superficial tissue elements. The method is non-destructive, and eliminates requirement for conventional histology processing, formalin fixation, paraffin embedding, or thin sectioning. It requires no lasers, confocal, multiphoton or optical coherence tomography optics. MUSE generates diagnostic-quality histological images that can be rendered to resemble conventional hematoxylin- and eosin-stained samples, with enhanced topographical information, from fresh or fixed, but unsectioned tissue, rapidly, with high resolution, simply and inexpensively. We anticipate that there could be widespread adoption in research facilities, hospital-based and stand-alone clinical settings, in local or regional pathology labs, as well as in low-resource environments.