gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stem/Progenitor Cells in Non-Lactating Versus Lactating Equine Mammary Gland (2012)

The mammary gland is a highly regenerative organ that can undergo multiple cycles of proliferation, lactation, and involution. Based on the facts that (i) mammary stem/progenitor cells (MaSC) are proposed to be the driving forces behind mammary growth and function and (ii) variation exists between mammalian species with regard to physiological and pathological functioning of this organ, we believe that studying MaSC from different mammals is of great comparative interest. Over the years, important data has been gathered on MaSC of men and mice, although knowledge on MaSC in other mammals remains limited. Therefore, the aim of this work was to isolate and characterize MaSC from the mammary gland of horses. Hereby, our salient findings were that the isolated equine cells met the 2 in vitro hallmark properties of stem cells, namely the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Moreover, the cells were immunophenotyped using markers for CD29, CD44, CD49f, and Ki67. Finally, we propose the mammosphere assay as a valuable in vitro assay to study MaSC during different physiological phases since it was observed that equine lactating mammary gland contains significantly more mammosphere-initiating cells than the inactive, nonlactating gland (a reflection of MaSC self-renewal) and, moreover, that these spheres were significantly larger in size upon initial cultivation (a reflection of progenitor cell proliferation). Taken together, this study not only extends the current knowledge of mammary gland biology, but also benefits the comparative approach to study and compare MaSC in different mammalian species.
Design and simulation of a quad rotor tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle (2010)

In this paper, we present the design and concept of a quad rotor tail-sitter UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). The designed UAV is composed of quad rotors and a fixed wing. It can hover like a helicopter, and can cruise like a fixed wing airplane. In order to verify this concept, a simulator of a quad rotor tail-sitter UAV is developed. Simulation results show the advantage in energy efficiency of the proposed UAV over a conventional quad rotor helicopter type UAV. This paper also describes the development of the quad rotor tail-sitter UAV.
<b>Modernity and the Global “Hindoo”:</b>The Concept of the Grand Tour in Colonial India (2008)

The ‘Grand Tour’, with its own ideological justifications, was essentially an 18th-century paradigm of travel in Europe. It referred to a journey very different from any other because it was predominantly elitist in character, and educative rather than exploratory in intention. Transposed to the imperial scenario of colonial India, however, the ‘Grand Tour’ took on a different character. In this context, this paper considers English educated ‘babu’ Bholanauth Chunder’s Travels of a Hindoo (1869) as an early attempt to formalize leisure or domestic travel. The endeavour is even more significant in a cultural environment in which the only socially sanctioned mode of travel was the pilgrimage. The paper also explores how this ‘Grand Tour’ in the context of the later 19th century enabled a visit by the colonized subject from India to Britain and London, a passage opened up by the spread of English education in the colony. This tour worked around expectations and assumptions that redefined the nature of the travel book and the character of the entries/observations made. The paradigm shift in the concept of the ‘Grand Tour’, where the observer becomes the observed, constituted a new development that challenged the primary ideology of the Tour by critiquing the very basis of the European civilizing mission. For the colonial subject, the ‘Grand Tour’ of London constituted the ambitions of the marginalized subject to critically observe the imperial rulers in the context of their own culture and learn lessons that would create an enabling socio-cultural environment for reconstituting themselves into a nation. [End Page 59]
Vaccines against human papillomavirusand perspectives for the prevention andcontrol of cervical cancer (2003)

Today, persistent infections by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are considered necessary for developing cervical cancer. Producing efficient vaccines against these viruses may eventually lead to a great reduction in incidence and mortality rates of this cancer. In the case of HPV, the production of traditional vaccines usually based in dead or attenuated viruses is not possible due in part to the lack of systems where large quantities of viral particles could be obtained. Fortunately, the expression of the late L1 protein alone, or in combination with L2, leads to the generation of structures resembling true virions that have been called virus-like particles (VLPs) and constitute excellent candidates as prophylactic vaccines. VLPs have shown to be very immunogenic, and have prevented development of natural or challenged infections in both animal systems and humans. Recently, HPV16 VLPs were shown to be very efficient to prevent the development of persistent infections, as determined by PCR assays, in a large group of vaccinated women. Therapeutic vaccines, on the other hand, are expected to have an impact on advanced lesions and residual illness, by taking advantaje of the fact that early E6 and E7 genes are thought to be constitutively expressed in cervical tumors and precursor lesions. Finally, DNA-based vaccines could represent a useful alternative for preventing infections by genital HPV. This paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/ index.html
BET bromodomain inhibitor birabresib in mantle cell lymphoma: in vivo activity and identification of novel combinations to overcome adaptive resistance (2018)

Our data provide the rationale to evaluate birabresib in patients affected by MCL.
Proposal of Acceptable Means of BOC(1,1) False Locks Mitigation for DFMC SBAS Equipment (2018)

The next generation of GNSS airborne equipment will use dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) signals augmented by modernized SBAS L5 signals. For Galileo and BeiDou constellations, it means that the L1 channels will have to process signals that are mainly composed of a BOC(1,1) signal, instead of BPSK(1) for legacy L1 GPS and SBAS signals. Although such signals present better performance than BPSK(1) in terms of reduction of the multipath error envelope, the counterpart is the risk of false lock on the side peaks of the correlation function, leading to a pseudorange bias of around ±150 m. Obviously, this bias exceeds the allocation for receiver noise and introduces hazardous misleading information if undetected by the equipment. Different approaches have been proposed in the literature to deal with these false locks (such as virtual sub-carrier tracking [1] or unambiguous correlation function [2]), but standards for future DFMC SBAS require that code tracking loops use “Early minus Late” discriminators only, with tight bounds on correlator spacing. Mitigation means such as RAIM/FDE or ARAIM/FDE are not designed to mitigate the risk of false lock, for which the probability is not known. The estimation of this probability necessitates the fine assessment of all conditions possibly leading to a false lock, like ground multipath, masking of the direct LOS signal, receiver clock anomaly, interference, etc. which make such analysis very difficult to carry out. Instead, this paper proposes and evaluates a solution for continuous monitoring, assuming false lock can occur even once in nominal tracking due to undetected disturbance. This solution is based on the “standard” and well-known monitoring implementing Very Early and Very Late correlators: these correlators, whose positions are selected to be close to the side peaks, have unbalanced powers when the code tracking loop is not locked on the main peak of the BOC(1,1) correlation function, and trigger the exclusion of the faulty measurement. The paper derives then the main characteristics of the proposed detector, and analyzes the probabilities of false alerts and missed detection with respect to airborne multipath scenarios.
Impact of Manifold Design on Flow Distribution of a Close-Coupled Catalytic Converter (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Moving the catalytic converter closer to the engine reduces its light-off time. However, temperature and pulsating flow have a stronger impact on a close-coupled catalytic converter than an under-floor. For close-coupled architecture, manifold design may play a major role by affecting flow distribution. Consequently, emission performance and durability of thin-wall substrates can be affected.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The study being carried out aims at highlighting the impact of manifold design on flow distribution focusing on different manifold configurations. Flow distribution results in hot wire probe measurements. Temperature measurements support the results. Experiments are finally confronted with CFD predictions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results obtained give trends to design both close-coupled catalytic converter and manifold for better emission performance and resistance to erosion.</div>
Channel estimation for WiMaX systems using fuzzy logic cognitive radio (2009)

This paper proposes a cognitive radio approach for WiMAX (CogMAX). The proposed system has all the capabilities of cognitive radio from monitoring to action, decision and learning. We use fuzzy logic (FL) reasoning as the core of the reasoning engine. The reasoning engine is used to determine different parameters that will be used by the WiMAX system. This work will focus on one of the main functions of the reasoning engine i.e. determination of the channel type and the number of pilots used for channel estimation. The number of pilots will depend on the type of channel which is determined by the cognitive engine. We examine two channel estimators, the least square (LS) and the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) along with 2D-Linear, averaging and constant coefficients interpolators. Evaluation is done using the minimum square error with the SNR of the channel. Numerical results reveal that changing the number of pilots can lead to better channel estimation.
Prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: Results of the ESCRS multicenter study and identification of risk factors (2007)

Use of intracameral cefuroxime at the end of surgery reduced the occurrence of postoperative endophthalmitis. Additional risk factors associated with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery included CCIs and the use of silicone IOLs.
Model and simulations of the epitaxial growth of graphene on non-planar 6H–SiC surfaces (2012)

Abstract We study step flow growth of epitaxial graphene on 6H–SiC using a one-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo model. The model parameters are effective energy barriers for the nucleation and propagation of graphene at the SiC steps. When the model is applied to graphene growth on vicinal surfaces, a strip width distribution is used to characterize the surface morphology. Additional kinetic processes are included to study graphene growth on SiC nano-facets. Our main result is that the original nano-facet is fractured into several nano-facets during graphene growth. This phenomenon is characterized by the angle at which the fractured nano-facet is oriented with respect to the basal plane. The distribution of this angle across the surface is found to be related to the strip width distribution for vicinal surfaces. As the terrace propagation barrier decreases, the fracture angle distribution changes continuously from two-sided Gaussian to one-sided power law. Using this distribution, it will be possible to extract energy barriers from experiments and interpret the growth morphology quantitatively.
A Solid-State 0.56 THz Near-Field Array for μM-Scale Surface Imaging (2018)

We demonstrate a fully-integrated 0.56 THz 128-pixel near-field 1-D sensor array with 10-12 μm lateral resolution. The sensing elements are based two parallel cross-bridged split-ring resonators that utilize a 3-D topology to exhibit high field confinement in the sensing spot. The sensor comprises a scalable excitation scheme that is designed to maximize the fill factor of the imager for large 1-D arrays. The THz front-end is co-integrated with a digital-read out chain. This enables rapid THz near-field image acquisition of planar and soft surfaces. Furthermore, the imager can be operated as a standalone device that is only powered with a USB cable. As an exemplary application, this work demonstrates THz near-field sensing as a tool for biometric fingerprint reading for the first time.
Gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile fibers with medium molecular weight (2010)

Abstract A new gel‐spinning method was employed to prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers from a PAN spinning solution with dimethylsulfoxide and water as a mixed solvent. Aging at 25 °C for 120 min brought the spinning solution to the sol–gel transition and a three‐dimensional gel formed before entering the coagulation bath. The as‐spun fibers from the solution at the sol–gel transition and in the gel state possess a circular cross‐section. Compared with dry‐jet wet‐spun fibers, the gel‐spun fibers have a more compact structure, fewer voids and better mechanical properties after a three‐stage drawing. Moreover, the gel‐spun fibers obtained from the extraction bath have a more homogeneous microstructure and better packed supermolecular structure. The physical properties of the extracted gel‐spun fibers are also better than those of coagulated gel‐spun fibers. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Local Drug Delivery for Treatment of Coronary and Peripheral Artery Disease (2010)

Local drug delivery (LDD), the direct application of a therapeutic agent to a focal location, has been used in cardiovascular interventions to prophylactically reduce neointimal hyperplasia and relieve clot burden. LDD allows targeted use of drugs whose toxicities inhibit their systemic use while stent delivery allows for consistent and prolonged delivery. Stents eluting limus family drugs or paclitaxel inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and migration and clinical use of such stents have reduced restenosis rates after percutaneous coronary procedures. However, associated with the increased efficacy is an increased rate of late stent thrombosis associated with death and myocardial infarction. Recent innovations, including bioabsorbable polymers and completely bioabsorbable stents may expand the use of drug-eluting stents. In this review, we discuss the development, the clinical use, and the effects of LDD from balloon and stent-based platforms in the treatment of restenosis and thrombus.
The influence of BF/sub 2/ and F implants on the 1/f noise in SiGe HBTs with a self-aligned link base (2001)

A study is made of 1/f noise in SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) fabricated using selective growth (SEG) of the Si collector and nonselective growth (NSEG) of the SiGe base and Si emitter cap. The transistors incorporate a self-aligned link base formed by BF/sub 2/ implantation into the field oxide below the p/sup +/ polysilicon extrinsic base. The influence of this BF/sub 2/ implant on the 1/f noise is compared with that of a F implant into the polysilicon emitter. Increased base current noise S/sub IB/ and base current are seen in transistors annealed at 975/spl deg/C, compared with transistors annealed at 950 or 900/spl deg/C. At a constant collector current, both the BF/sub 2/ and F implants reduce S/sub IB/, whereas at a constant base current, only the BF/sub 2/ implant reduces S/sub IB/. This result indicates that the BF/sub 2/ implant decreases the intensity of the base current noise source whereas the F implant decreases the base current. The proposed explanation for the increased 1/f noise is degradation of the surface oxide by viscous flow at 975/spl deg/C under the influence of stress introduced during selective Si epitaxy. The influence of the BF/sub 2/ implant on the noise is explained by the relief of the stress and hence the prevention of viscous oxide flow.
α2β1 Integrin Is Not Recognized by Rhodocytin but Is the Specific, High Affinity Target of Rhodocetin, an RGD-independent Disintegrin and Potent Inhibitor of Cell Adhesion to Collagen (2001)

We have recombinantly expressed a soluble form of human alpha(2)beta(1) integrin that lacks the membrane-anchoring transmembrane domains as well as the cytoplasmic tails of both integrin subunits. This soluble alpha(2)beta(1) integrin binds to its collagen ligands the same way as the wild-type alpha(2)beta(1) integrin. Furthermore, like the wild-type form, it can be activated by manganese ions and an integrin-activating antibody. However, it does not bind to rhodocytin, a postulated agonist of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin from the snake venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma, which elicits platelet aggregation. Taking advantage of the recombinantly expressed, soluble alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, an inhibition assay was established in which samples can be tested for their capability to inhibit binding of soluble alpha(2)beta(1) integrin to immobilized collagen. Thus, by scrutinizing the C. rhodostoma snake venom in this protein-protein interaction assay, we found a component of the snake venom that inhibits the interaction of soluble alpha(2)beta(1) integrin to type I collagen efficiently. N-terminal sequences identified this inhibitor as rhodocetin, a recently published antagonist of collagen-induced platelet aggregation. We could demonstrate that its inhibitory effect bases on its strong and specific binding to alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, proving that rhodocetin is a disintegrin. Standing apart from the growing group of RGD-dependent snake venom disintegrins, rhodocetin interacts with alpha(2)beta(1) integrin in an RGD-independent manner. Furthermore, its native conformation, which is stabilized by disulfide bridges, is indispensibly required for its inhibitory activity. Rhodocetin does not contain any major collagenous structure despite its high affinity to alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, which binds to collagenous molecules much more avidly than to noncollagenous ligands, such as laminin. Blocking alpha(2)beta(1) integrin as the major collagen receptor on platelets, rhodocetin is responsible for hampering collagen-induced, alpha(2)beta(1) integrin-mediated platelet activation, leading to hemorrhages and bleeding disorders of the snakebite victim. Moreover, having a widespread tissue distribution, alpha(2)beta(1) integrin also mediates cell adhesion, spreading, and migration. We showed that rhodocetin is able to inhibit alpha(2)beta(1) integrin-mediated adhesion of fibrosarcoma cells to type I collagen completely.
A bright and responsive europium probe for determination of pH change within the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells (2013)

A ratiometric Eu(III) complex has been developed that localises selectively within the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells. Careful calibration, using a time-gated spectral imaging microscope, allows the intensity ratio of emission bands and the variation of excited state lifetime to be used for pH determination, with a pKa of 7.15.
High operating temperature XBn-InAsSb bariode detectors (2011)

A bariode is a new type of "diode-like" semiconductor photonic device, in which the transport of majority carriers is blocked by a barrier in the depletion layer, while minority carriers, created thermally or by the absorption of light, are allowed to pass freely across the device. In an n-type bariode, also known as an XB<sub>n</sub>n structure, both the active photon absorbing layer and the barrier layer are doped with electron donors, while in a p-type bariode, or XB<sub>p</sub>p structure, they are both doped with electron acceptors. An important advantage of bariode devices is that their dark current is essentially diffusion limited, so that high detector operating temperatures can be achieved. In this paper we report on MWIR n-type bariode detectors with an InAsSb active layer and an AlSbAs barrier layer, grown on either GaSb or GaAs substrates. For both substrate types, the bariodes exhibit a bandgap wavelength of ~ 4.1 μm and operate with Background Limited Performance (BLIP) up to at least 160K at F/3. Different members of the XBnn device family are investigated, in which the contact layer material, "X", is changed between n-InAsSb and p-GaSb. In all cases, the electro-optical properties of the devices are similar, showing clearly the generic nature of the bariode device architecture. Focal Plane Array detectors have been made with a pitch of 15 or 30μm. We present radiometric performance data and images from our Blue Fairy (320×256) and Pelican (640×512) detectors, operating at temperatures up to 180K. We demonstrate for both GaSb and GaAs substrates that detector performance can be achieved which is close to "Rule 07", the benchmark for high quality, diffusion limited, Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) devices.
Interactions of human prostatic epithelial cells with bone marrow endothelium: binding and invasion (2001)

Prostate cancer shows a propensity to form secondary tumours within the bone marrow. Such tumours are the major cause of mortality in this disease. We have developed an in vitro system to study the binding of prostate epithelial cells to bone marrow endothelium (BME) and stroma (BMS). The metastatic prostate cancer cell line, PC3 (derived from a bone metastasis), was seeded onto confluent layers of BME and its binding characteristics compared to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), lung endothelium (Hs888Lu) and BMS. The PC3 cell line showed significantly increased binding to BME (P< 0.05) compared to endothelium derived from HUVEC and lung or BMS with maximal binding occurring at 1 h. Following pre-incubation with a beta1 integrin antibody PC3 binding to BME was inhibited by 64% (P< 0.001). Antibodies directed against the integrins beta4, alpha2, alpha4, alpha5 and the cellular adhesion molecules P-selectin, CD31, VCAM-1 and sialy Lewis X showed no effect on blocking PC3 binding. Primary prostatic epithelial cells from both malignant (n = 11) and non-malignant tissue (n = 11) also demonstrated equivalent levels of increased adhesion to BME and BMS compared to HUVEC, peaking at 24 h. Further studies examined the invasive ability of prostate epithelial cells in response to bone marrow endothelium using Matrigel invasion chamber assays. In contrast to the previous results, malignant cells showed an increase (1000 fold) in invasive ability, whilst non-malignant prostate epithelia did not respond. We have shown that both malignant and non-malignant prostate epithelial cells can bind at equivalent levels and preferentially to primary human bone marrow endothelium in comparison to controls. However, only malignant prostate epithelia show increased invasive ability in response to BME.