gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Do non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase colonic permeability? (1991)

Urinary excretion of orally administered lactulose and 51 chromium labelled ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (51Cr-EDTA) was measured in 12 healthy adult subjects and in six patients with ileostomies to assess intestinal permeability. In normal subjects, 24 hour urinary recovery of 51Cr-EDTA was significantly greater than that of lactulose (mean (SEM) 2.27 (0.15) v 0.50 (0.08)% oral dose; p less than 0.001), but in ileostomy patients recovery of the two markers was the same. In normal subjects, therefore, the difference between the two markers may arise from bacterial break-down of lactulose but not of 51Cr-EDTA in the distal bowel, urinary excretion of lactulose representing small intestinal permeation and that of 51Cr-EDTA representing both small and large intestinal permeation. The markers were then given simultaneously to nine patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The 24 hour urinary recovery of 51Cr-EDTA in the patients was significantly greater than normal (4.64 (1.20) v 2.27 (0.15)% oral dose; p less than 0.01), but that of lactulose was not significantly affected. Moreover, the increase in 51Cr-EDTA recovery was most noticeable in the later urine collections. Both of these findings suggest that NSAIDs may increase colonic permeability.
Continuously coupled transcription‐translation system for the production of rice cytoplasmic aldolase (1995)

A continuously coupled cell-free transcription-translation system was developed for the production of rice cytoplasmic aldolase, an enzyme involved in both glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways in eukaryotic cells. The system works with a continuous flow of feeding solution containing nucleoside triphosphates and amino acids into a 1-mL reactor containing wheat-germ extract, plasmid DNA, and transcription enzyme, and continuous removal of translation product through an ultrafiltration membrane fitted in the reactor. Addition of free nucleotide primer, m(7)G(5')ppp(5')G, to this reactor was necessary for efficient transcription, thus producing biologically active mRNA for translation. The rate of aldolase synthesis was constant during the continuous translation reaction. It was observed that from 3 h onward only aldolase was synthesized by the system. After 30 h, the total amount of protein synthesized reached 205.6 microg, which is comparable with the amount synthesized (255.6 microg) in the translation system only where separately prepared capped mRNAs were added to the reactor for translation. Autoradiogram and Western blot analyses of the translated product showed a distinct band corresponding to the calculated molecular weight of the protein. These results have shown the establishment of a continuously coupled eukaryotic transcription-translation system for the expression of genes from eukaryotic cells.
Interhemispheric plasticity is mediated by maximal potentiation of callosal inputs (2019)

Central or peripheral injury causes reorganization of the brain's connections and functions. A striking change observed after unilateral stroke or amputation is a recruitment of bilateral cortical responses to sensation or movement of the unaffected peripheral area. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are described in a mouse model of unilateral whisker deprivation. Stimulation of intact whiskers yields a bilateral blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI response in somatosensory barrel cortex. Whole-cell electrophysiology demonstrated that the intact barrel cortex selectively strengthens callosal synapses to layer 5 neurons in the deprived cortex. These synapses have larger AMPA receptor- and NMDA receptor-mediated events. These factors contribute to a maximally potentiated callosal synapse. This potentiation occludes long-term potentiation, which could be rescued, to some extent, with prior long-term depression induction. Excitability and excitation/inhibition balance were altered in a manner consistent with cell-specific callosal changes and support a shift in the overall state of the cortex. This is a demonstration of a cell-specific, synaptic mechanism underlying interhemispheric cortical reorganization.
Effects of Textured Socks on Balance Control During Single-leg Standing in Healthy Adults (2014)

Balance is important in many activities of daily living and sports movements. Texture, added to shoe insole material, has been shown to improve balance in young, older and pathological populations. The aim of this study was to develop and test textured socks, which might have several potential benefits over insole use including: they can be worn without, or transferred between, shoes, and texture can be applied to areas of the foot other than the plantar surface. Prototypes socks were made with nodules (5 mm diameter) sewn onto socks on: 1) the plantar surface, 2) the dorsal surface, 3) sides of the foot and 4) covering the entire surface. Participants (n=13) performed three single-legged stance trials, standing on a force platform. with eyes open and eyes closed, whilst wearing each of the prototype socks and a control sock. Balance was quantified using the postural time-to- boundary measure. Results revealed a trend towards improved balance in the Sides sock condition (eyes open d = 0.62, eyes closed d = 0.51) conditions. This finding supported previous data from studies showing benefits of wearing insoles with plastic tubing around the perimeter of the foot, suggesting that textured socks might be useful as an intervention to improve balance.
Detection of Isoflavones in Seedling Subterranean Clover (1991)

Reproductive disorders in sheep ( Ovis ones ) have been linked to ingestion of subterranean clovers ( Trifolium brachycalycinum Katzn. & Morley, T. subterraneum L., and T. yanninicum Katzn. & Morley) containing high levels of the phytoestrogenic isoflavones formononetin (7‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyisoflavone; FM), genistein (5,7,4‐trihydroxyisoflavone; GE), and biochanin A (5,7‐dihydroxy‐4‐methoxyisoflavone; BA). Breeding programs involving subterranean clovers should include selection for low isoflavone concentrations. Our objective was to develop a seedling assay that would predict field levels of FM, GE, and BA in subterranean clover. Five subterranean clover cultivars were grown in the field at Overtoil, TX, over a 3‐yr period (1985, 1986, and 1987); leaf samples were analyzed for FM, GE, and BA. The same cultivars were used to test potential seedling assays. Six seedling growth stages were used: ungerminated seed (UGS), swelled seed (SWS), seedlings after 48 h germination with testa removed (2DAYS), seedlings grown in distilled water for 8 d (8DAYS), seedlings grown in the greenhouse for 42 d (42DAYS), and regrowth harvested 21 d later (REGRO). Tissue samples were extracted with methanol (7 d at 5 °C) and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography HPLC techniques. Field‐grown samples of each of the cultivars were consistent with previously known values for FM, GE, and BA. Only trace amounts of isoflavones were detected in the UGS and SWS treatments. The 2DAYS and 8DAYS seedling treatments were highly variable and inconsistent in regard to isoflavone content compared with field data for the cultivars. Regression equations using the 42DAYS and REGRO treatments were accurate in their prediction of FM, BA, and total isoflavones in field‐grown subterranean clover. The 42DAYS and REGRO treatments for determining isoflavone content of subterranean clover seedlings could be used to rank germplasm for potential phytoestrogen effects.
The Nuclear Dawn (1990)

In a book entitled Wonders of the World, published in 1959, the British nuclear power plant at Calder Hall was listed as "one of the seven wonders of the modern world." Although not the first nuclear energy reactor, it was the world's first large-scale electric-generating station powered by atomic energy to supply power for industrial and domestic purposes.
Platform 2015: Intel ® Processor and Platform Evolution for the Next Decade (2005)

Summary This article and the accompanying paper has outlined an ambitious vision which, in some respects, is a wide departure from present-day processors and platforms. But in reality, this vision is based on a continued evolution of Intel’s drive for increased parallelism, and our proven investment, research, development, manufacturing and unparalleled ecosystem enabling capability that, when taken together, will continue to lead us into an era of more powerful, versatile and efficient processing engines and platforms containing those engines. Ultimately, this evolution is driven by usage—what people want from technology and what they do with it. And though no one can precisely predict the future course of technology, the developments now underway point to some likely outcomes. Based on current requirements and trends, we at Intel believe that processor and platform architecture needs to move toward a virtualized, reconfigurable CMP architecture with a large number of cores, a rich set of built-in processing capabilities, large on-chip memory subsystem and sophisticated microkernel. This architectural evolution, delivered with volume computing economics and an adherence to maintaining compatibility with thousands of already existing applications, will ensure that Intel processors and platforms will continue to power a breathtaking array of sophisticated new applications over the coming years, transforming business and daily life in ways we can only begin to imagine.
Solid-state supercapacitors with rationally designed heterogeneous electrodes fabricated by large area spray processing for wearable energy storage applications (2016)

Supercapacitors are in demand for short-term electrical charge and discharge applications. Unlike conventional supercapacitors, solid-state versions have no liquid electrolyte and do not require robust, rigid packaging for containment. Consequently they can be thinner, lighter and more flexible. However, solid-state supercapacitors suffer from lower power density and where new materials have been developed to improve performance, there remains a gap between promising laboratory results that usually require nano-structured materials and fine-scale processing approaches, and current manufacturing technology that operates at large scale. We demonstrate a new, scalable capability to produce discrete, multi-layered electrodes with a different material and/or morphology in each layer, and where each layer plays a different, critical role in enhancing the dynamics of charge/discharge. This layered structure allows efficient utilisation of each material and enables conservative use of hard-to-obtain materials. The layered electrode shows amongst the highest combinations of energy and power densities for solid-state supercapacitors. Our functional design and spray manufacturing approach to heterogeneous electrodes provide a new way forward for improved energy storage devices.
Molecular Machinery Mediating Vesicle Budding, Docking and Fusion. (1996)

A general machinery buds and fuses transport vesicles which connect intracellular compartments with each other and allow communication with the extracellular environment. Cytoplasmic coat proteins deform membranes to bud vesicles and interact directly or indirectly with cargo molecules. Compartment-specific SNAREs on vesicles and target membranes dock vesicles and provide a scaffolding for the general fusion machinery to initiate lipid bilayer fusion.
Regulated gene expression in cultured type II cells of adult human lung (2010)

Alveolar type II cells have multiple functions, including surfactant production and fluid clearance, which are critical for lung function. Differentiation of type II cells occurs in cultured fetal lung epithelial cells treated with dexamethasone plus cAMP and isobutylmethylxanthine (DCI) and involves increased expression of 388 genes. In this study, type II cells of human adult lung were isolated at approximately 95% purity, and gene expression was determined (Affymetrix) before and after culturing 5 days on collagen-coated dishes with or without DCI for the final 3 days. In freshly isolated cells, highly expressed genes included SFTPA/B/C, SCGB1A, IL8, CXCL2, and SFN in addition to ubiquitously expressed genes. Transcript abundance was correlated between fetal and adult cells (r = 0.88), with a subset of 187 genes primarily related to inflammation and immunity that were expressed >10-fold higher in adult cells. During control culture, expression increased for 8.1% of expressed genes and decreased for approximately 4% including 118 immune response and 10 surfactant-related genes. DCI treatment promoted lamellar body production and increased expression of approximately 3% of probed genes by > or =1.5-fold; 40% of these were also induced in fetal cells. Highly induced genes (> or =10-fold) included PGC, ZBTB16, DUOX1, PLUNC, CIT, and CRTAC1. Twenty-five induced genes, including six genes related to surfactant (SFTPA/B/C, PGC, CEBPD, and ADFP), also had decreased expression during control culture and thus are candidates for hormonal regulation in vivo. Our results further define the adult human type II cell molecular phenotype and demonstrate that a subset of genes remains hormone responsive in cultured adult cells.
Adjusting step length for rough terrain locomotion (1991)

The task of controlling step length in the context of a dynamic biped robot that actively balances itself as it runs is discussed. Three methods for controlling step length, each of which adjusts a different parameter of the running cycle, are discussed. The adjusted parameters are forward running speed, running height, and duration of ground contact. All three control methods are successful in manipulating step length in laboratory experiments, but the method that adjusted forward speed provided the widest range of step lengths with accurate control of step length. The three methods for controlling step length manipulated the dynamics of the system so the feet could be placed on the available footholds without disturbing the system's balance. An alternative approach which ignores balance for a single step, placing the foot directly on the desired foothold, and recovering balance later is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interface Strength of Low-Dimensional Nano-Components (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Technical Efficiency of Vegetable Production in Kerala: A Frontier Production Function Approach (2006)

This study is confined to the Nemmara block of Palakkad district in Kerala, one of the major vegetable growing tracts in the district. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was adopted, and a sample of 180 growers-60 farmers each for bitter-gourd, snake-gourd and ivy-gourd-was selected for the study, during 2004-05. The stochastic production function of the Cobb-Douglas form was used to determine the technical efficiency. The Mean Technical Efficiency (MTE) was worked out as the ratio of the production of ith farm to the frontier production of the same farm. For bitter-gourd, snake-gourd and ivy-gourd, the mean technical efficiencies were 0.85, 0.91 and 0.58, respectively. Technical efficiency of the individual farms varied widely between 30% and 100%.
Designing Polyolefin Separators to Minimize the Impact of Local Compressive Stresses on Lithium Ion Battery Performance (2018)

ISSN:0013-4651
Development of Highly Efficient Resolutions of Racemic Tramadol Using Mandelic Acid (2002)

Two methods for the resolution of tramadol are described. One uses the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), tramadol hydrochloride as input material. The other utilises the crude free base obtained from the Grignard reaction on tramadol Mannich base. Both resolutions use mandelic acid; the cost and process implications of each approach are discussed.
Hydrogen bonds prevent obtaining high molar mass <scp>PHU</scp>s (2017)

ABSTRACT Poly(hydroxyurethane)s (PHUs) are desired to replace PolyUrethanes (PUs) which are synthesized using harmful isocyanates. Nevertheless, the synthesis of PHUs starting from cyclocarbonates and amines displays two major drawbacks: the low reactivity observed during the opening of (poly)cyclocarbonates by (poly)amines and the low molar masses of polymers obtained. Currently, intensive work is carried out in order to increase the efficiency of the aminolysis of cyclocarbonates reaction but very few is dedicated to explaining the limitations of molar masses of PHUs. This article aims at demonstrating that the low molar masses can be explained by the existence of side reactions and the incomplete conversion of monomers during the polymerization. These conclusions were obtained after complete DSC and NMR studies that evidence that the incomplete conversion of monomers and therefore the low molar masses are caused mainly by hydrogen bonding and partly by the formation of urea. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44958.
On-line design of LUT controllers based on desired closed loop plant: Vertex Placement Principle (2012)

This paper presents a systematic approach to perform an on-line global design of look up table (LUT) controllers. This paper uses Vertex Placement Principle to design a controller for an initially unknown objective plant (P) based on a desired plant (DP) model. Both the desired plant and the objective plant are approximated with piecewise bilinear (PB) models. After the on-line identification of the initially unknown plant (P), the LUT-controller (C) is designed so as to make the closed loop plant (CP) behave like a desired plant.
Magnesium alcoholates as precursors for magnesia (1995)

The synthesis, structural aspects and thermal behaviour of six different magnesium alcoholates are reported. The magnesium oxides obtained by decomposition of the alkoxides show different particle morphologies, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism of the thermal decomposition of magnesium methanolate was studied in detail. The substance decomposed in three steps at 90, 330–350 and 360–400 °C. Two intermediates were characterized by elementary analysis (C, H) and IR spectroscopy.
Amphiregulin regulates the activation of ERK and Akt through epidermal growth factor receptor and HER3 signals involved in the progression of pancreatic cancer (2010)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER3, Akt, and amphiregulin have been recognized as targets for pancreatic cancer therapy. Although gemcitabine + erlotinib has been the recommended chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer, the prognosis is extremely poor. The development of molecularly targeted therapies has been required for patients with pancreatic cancer. To assess the validation of amphiregulin as a target for pancreatic cancer therapy, we examined its expression in pancreatic cancer using real-time PCR analyses and ELISA. We also measured the apoptotic cell rate using TUNEL assays. In addition, alterations in signaling pathways were detected by immunoblotting analyses. Treatment with gemcitabine, which reduced the cell viability and augmented the cell apoptotic rate, activated and subsequently attenuated ERK and EGFR signals. However, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, or cisplatin treatment enhanced the Akt activation, heterodimer formation of EGFR with HER3, and secretion of amphiregulin, indicating that the presence of gemcitabine promoted the activity of targeted molecules including amphiregulin, Akt, and HER3 for pancreatic cancer therapy. Combined treatment with an inhibitor for amphiregulin and gemcitabine, paclitaxel, or cisplatin induced synergistic antitumor effects, accompanied by the suppression of Akt and ERK activation. Blockade of amphiregulin suppressed the activities of EGFR, HER3, and Akt and the expression of amphiregulin itself. According to this evidence, combination chemotherapy of conventional anticancer drugs plus an inhibitor for amphiregulin would allow us to provide more favorable clinical outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Evolutionary and functional classification of the CARF domain superfamily, key sensors in prokaryotic antivirus defense (2020)

CRISPR-associated Rossmann Fold (CARF) and SMODS-associated and fused to various effector domains (SAVED) are key components of cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling systems (CBASS) that sense cyclic oligonucleotides and transmit the signal to an effector inducing cell dormancy or death. Most of the CARFs are components of a CBASS built into type III CRISPR-Cas systems, where the CARF domain binds cyclic oligoA (cOA) synthesized by Cas10 polymerase-cyclase and allosterically activates the effector, typically a promiscuous ribonuclease. Additionally, this signaling pathway includes a ring nuclease, often also a CARF domain (either the sensor itself or a specialized enzyme) that cleaves cOA and mitigates dormancy or death induction. We present a comprehensive census of CARF and SAVED domains in bacteria and archaea, and their sequence- and structure-based classification. There are 10 major families of CARF domains and multiple smaller groups that differ in structural features, association with distinct effectors, and presence or absence of the ring nuclease activity. By comparative genome analysis, we predict specific functions of CARF and SAVED domains and partition the CARF domains into those with both sensor and ring nuclease functions, and sensor-only ones. Several families of ring nucleases functionally associated with sensor-only CARF domains are also predicted.
A RAS oncogene imparts growth factor independence to myeloid cells that abnormally regulate protein kinase C: a nonautocrine transformation pathway. (1990)

The factor-dependent cell line FDC-P1 has been utilized as a model of interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent myeloid cell proliferation. However, it has been recently observed that active phorbol esters (e.g., phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) may entirely replace IL-3 to promote its proliferation. These observations reveal abnormal regulation of protein kinase C (pkC) (absence of downregulation or overexpression). This property allowed a test of the hypothesis that the T24 RAS (codon 12) oncogene acts by constitutive and persistent pkC activation, driving proliferation. FDC-P1 cells were transfected by electroporation with the T24 RAS-containing vector pAL 8, or with a control vector pSVX Zip Neo, and neomycin-resistant clones were selected. Multiple RAS-transfectant clones were categorized for their growth factor requirement and incorporation of the 6.6-kb human mutant H-RAS genome. IL-3-independent clones had incorporated multiple (more than two) copies of the entire 6.6-kb RAS genome. The incorporation of multiple 6.6-kb RAS genomes was correlated with high-level p21 RAS expression. No evidence for autostimulatory growth factor production by clones containing the RAS oncogene was observed. Thus, acquisition of growth factor independence in myeloid cells by abundant expression of a RAS oncogene is linked, in part, to abnormal regulation of pkC, which acts as a collaborating oncogene.