gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact adaptive optics line scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2009)

We have developed a compact retinal imager that integrates adaptive optics (AO) into a line scanning laser ophthalmoscope (LSLO). The bench-top AO-LSLO instrument significantly reduces the size, complexity, and cost of research AOSLOs, for the purpose of moving adaptive optics imaging more rapidly into routine clinical use. The AO-LSLO produces high resolution retinal images with only one moving part and a significantly reduced instrument footprint and number of optical components. The AO-LSLO has a moderate field of view (5.5 deg), which allows montages of the macula or other targets to be obtained more quickly and efficiently. In a preliminary human subjects investigation, photoreceptors could be resolved and counted within ~0.5 mm of the fovea. Photoreceptor counts matched closely to previously reported histology. The capillaries surrounding the foveal avascular zone could be resolved, as well as cells flowing within them. Individual nerve fiber bundles could be resolved, especially near the optic nerve head, as well as other structures such as the lamina cribrosa. In addition to instrument design, fabrication, and testing, software algorithms were developed for automated image registration, cone counting, and montage stitching.
Altered expression of the α7β1 integrin in human and murine muscular dystrophies (1997)

ABSTRACT The α7β1 integrin is the primary laminin receptor on skeletal myoblasts and adult myofibers. It has distinct functions during muscle development and contributes to muscle structural integrity. We have studied this integrin in cases where expression of dystrophin or laminin are compromised. Immunofluorescence demonstrates an increase in α7β1 in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in mdx mice that lack dystrophin. Analysis of RNA from mdx mice and from patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies indicates that the increase in the α7β1 integrin is regulated at the level of α7 gene transcription. In contrast, the levels of α7β1 integrin are severely diminished in patients with laminin α2 chain congenital dystrophy muscular dystrophy and in dy/dy mice that also do not make the α2 laminin chain. Analysis of RNA from the hindlimbs of dy/dy mice demonstrated that in the absence of laminin α7 gene transcription is inhibited and limited to specific alternatively spliced isoforms. We suggest that the increased expression of α7β1 integrin in the absence of dystrophin compensates for the reduced dystrophin-mediated linkage of fibers with the basal lamina and modulates the development of pathology associated with these diseases. The decrease in α7β1 integrin and its transcripts in the absence of laminin likely contributes to the severe myopathy that results from laminin α2 chain deficiency and suggests that laminin-2 regulates expression of the α7 integrin gene. The role of the α7β1 integrin in muscle integrity also suggests that compromised expression of this receptor may underlie as yet undefined myopathies.
Microfluidic Based Ka-Band Beam-Scanning Focal Plane Array (2013)

An eight-element 1-D Ka-band focal plane array (FPA) capable of beam scanning based on microfluidic principles is presented. The FPA is placed at the back surface of an 8-cm-diameter extended hemispherical Rexolite (ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =2.56, tanδ = 0.0026) lens and consists of interconnected microfluidic reservoirs and channels constructed by bonding polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =2.8, tanδ = 0.02) and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) (ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =2.9, tanδ = 0.0025) substrates. The antenna element of the array is a small volume (2.5 μL) of liquid metal residing inside a low-loss Fluorinert FC-77 (ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =1.9, tanδ = 0.0005) solution. The array beam is scanned by moving the liquid-metal antenna among the reservoirs using an external pump. The proximity-coupled feed network of the array is passive and designed strategically to accommodate the position variation of the liquid-metal antenna element. The array operates with measured 7° half-power beamwidth (HPBW), >21 dB realized gain, and 3.3% dB bandwidth and provides ±30° beam-scanning range. The presented microfluidic-based beam-scanning technique operates without resorting to RF switches. Consequently, it is promising for high-power handling and low-cost realization of millimeter-wave high-gain beam-scanning antenna arrays.
Uniform Quantization Theory-Based Linearity Calibration for Split Capacitive DAC in an SAR ADC (2016)

This brief presents a uniform quantization theory (UQT)-based digital-to-analog converter (DAC) linearity calibration for a successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter. According to the uniform quantization noise property, the nonlinearity due to the parasitics in an LSB array of the split-DAC structure is estimated and corrected in the digital domain. The calibration requires that the characteristic of the input signal must fulfill the prerogative of the quantization theory. The advantages lie in its low design complexity with no additional analog circuit modification. The proposed calibration is verified by both behavioral simulations and measured results in an SAR ADC. The measurements are based on a prototype implemented with large nonlinear split-DACs, which demonstrate that the UQT-based linearity calibration can effectively improve the Signal to Noise and Distortion (SNDR) from 56.9 to 63.3 dB at dc input with a sampling frequency of 120 MS/s.
Optical parametric generation of high-energy femtosecond pulses in the 1-3 μm spectral range using BiB 3 O 6 (2007)

We analyze the phase-matching properties of the monoclinic nonlinear crystal BiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (BIBO) for optical parametric amplification of femtosecond pulses when pumped near 800 nm by Ti:sapphire based laser systems. BIBO possesses higher figure of merit than &bgr;-BaB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (BBO) and extremely large parametric gain bandwidth for collinear interaction. Experimentally, we compare type-II BIBO and BBO in a double pass optical parametric amplifier (OPA), pumping by amplified 80-fs pulses near 800 nm at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The conversion efficiency obtained with BIBO is higher and a total energy output (signal + idler) of about 80 &mgr;J is obtained in the plateau region of the tunability curve (1-3 &mgr;m) with an uncoated sample, for a total pump energy of 375 &mgr;J. Shorter pulse durations were obtained with BIBO: e.g. 120 fs (FWHM) near 3 &mgr;m for the idler pulses. Substantial power scaling of such a femtosecond OPA is possible using a large aperture BIBO crystal in the second stage and we demonstrate a total energy output (signal + idler) exceeding 1 mJ, corresponding to an intrinsic conversion efficiency of ≈32% for the second stage, using a specially designed high-power Ti:sapphire pump system operating at 1 kHz. The tunability extends in this case from 1.1 to 2.9 &mgr;m. The high parametric gain and broad amplification bandwidth of type-I BIBO allow the maintenance of the pump pulse duration, leading to pulse lengths less than 140 fs, both for the signal and idler pulses, even at such high output levels.
Estimating Available Bandwidth Using Multiple Overloading Streams (2006)

Available bandwidth measurement is essential to applications running on the best-effort Internet. In this paper, we propose an available bandwidth measurement technique named MoSeab. The idea behind MoSeab is a direct probing technique based on a statistical model for network data transmissions. Differing from the other direct probing techniques, MoSeab does not require any a priori knowledge of network path. It has proven valid even when there are multiple bottlenecks. Simulation and real Internet experiments demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of MoSeab, and show its advantages over Spruce, PathChirp, and IGI. Moreover, its probing traffic control mechanism makes MoSeab a non-intrusive solution suitable to be integrated into various network applications.
Enhanced Motor Protection With the Slip-Dependent Thermal Model: A Case Study (2008)

Protection of induction motors can be enhanced with today's microprocessor-based protective relays and a slip-dependent thermal model. This paper briefly introduces the concept of the thermal model and explains how to apply a slip-dependent thermal model to better protect motors in retrofit applications, where very little data are available. In such cases, assumptions must be made to estimate safe locked-rotor times based on historical motor starting times and electromechanical relay settings. These assumptions are then checked by reviewing motor start report data collected on the initial starts of the motor. Thermal capacity measured during start is used to validate the improved protection and settings may then be revised without the risk of a trip on normal starts. The motor start reports from multiple motors will be presented, along with the protection settings produced in this manner. The paper describes how microprocessor-based protection is successfully provided for all conditions in this application, replacing the thermal overload protection, which had been blocked for two minutes during starting because of the difficulties in starting high-inertia loads.
Negative refractive index metamaterials in the visible spectrum based on MgB2∕SiC composites (2009)

An isotropic three-dimensional negative refractive index metamaterial has been fabricated and characterized in the visible regime. The metamaterial is based on a structure consisting of polycrystalline magnesium diboride (MgB2) as the host, providing negative permittivity, and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles embedded randomly within the host, providing negative permeability. The metamaterial was fabricated using hot isostatic pressing to produce a fully dense solid with well-dispersed SiC nanoparticles. The properties of the resulting bulk metamaterial were evaluated using surface plasmon excitation, which showed coupling of both magnetic and electric plasmons, signifying both negative permeability and permittivity at 632nm.
Hyperosmolar sucrose treatment of acid‐induced lung injury in FRNK‐transfected mice (2007)

We reported that in rat, transient plasma hyperosmolarity induced by hyperosmolar sucrose protects against pulmonary edema due to intra‐tracheal acid instillation ( AJRCCM 2005; 172 :–7). To determine the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), we expressed the FAK inhibitor, FRNK (FAK‐related non kinase) in the lung vasculature. Thus, in mice we intravenously infused GFP‐FRNK‐cDNA, or GFP‐vector. After 48h, FRNK expression was evident by vascular GFP fluorescence and PCR evidence for exogenous FRNK. Next, we instilled saline, or HCl (2 ml/kg, 0.1N) in GFP‐vector‐(V) and GFP‐FRNK (F)‐expressing mice (n=4 in each group). After 30 min we gave an intravenous infusion of hyperosmolar sucrose to increase plasma osmolarity by 50 mosm for 20 min. Subsequently 2 h later, we determined the blood‐free extra‐vascular lung water (EVLW). For saline instillation, EVLWs of V and F mice were similar at 4.3±0.1 g/g dry. For acid instillation, the corresponding EVLWs were 6.4±0.1 and 6.5±0.1 g/g dry, indicating pulmonary edema formation (P<0.05). For acid instillation followed by hyperosmolar sucrose infusion, EVLW was 4.3±0.3 for V mice, indicating inhibition of injury (P<.05), but 5.4 ±0.2 for F mice, indicating that sucrose infusion failed to inhibit edema formation in FRNK‐expressing lungs. We conclude, hyperosmolar sucrose activates FAK to protect against pulmonary edema of acid aspiration (Support: HL36024, HL57556).
<title>Ultrashort-pulse, ultrahigh-peak-power Ti:sapphire lasers</title> (1996)

Techniques for the production of multiterawatt, sub-20-fs, optical pulses via chirped pulse amplification are discussed. Regenerative pulse shaping is used to control gain narrowing during amplification and an optimized, quintic-phase-limited, dispersion compensation scheme is used to control higher order phase distortions over a bandwidth of approximately 100 nm. Transform-limited, 18-fs pulses of 4.4-TW peak power have been produced in a Ti:sapphire- based, chirped pulse amplification system at a repetition rate of 50 Hz. Extensions to shorter durations and peak powers approaching 100 TW are also described.
The High-Affinity Glutamate Transporter Family (1997)

Extensive studies of glutamate uptake in neurons, glial cells, and epithelial cells, using a variety of preparations, revealed the existence of several transporter subtypes with distinct tissue distributions and kinetic and pharmacologic properties. High-affinity (K0.5 = 1−50 µM) and low-affinity (K0.5 > 100 µM) Na+- and K+-dependent glutamate transporters were identified in brain, kidney, and intestine (17,19,25,26,50,58,77,82,98). Similar systems were also described in epithelial cells of kidney and intestine. Despite the far-reaching physiologic importance of these excitatory neurotransmitter transporters, progress in this field has been slow until recently, and there was limited information available about the molecular properties and physiological roles of these proteins. The focus of this chapter is on the recent insights into the structure, in vivo functional roles, and pathological implications of high-affinity Na+- and K+-dependent glutamate transporters in the central nervous system. We also discuss hypothetical kinetic models addressing the complex transport mechanisms of glutamate transporters that are coupled to the cotransport of Na+ and H+, and the countertransport of K+. We furthermore review recent advances in Boning and characterizing a new group of neutral amino acid transporters that are structurally related to glutamate transporters.
Optical Sensor Developments for Measuring the Surface Strains in Prestressed Concrete Members (2009)

Abstract: Conventionally, transfer‐length strain measurements are performed using mechanical gauges such as the Whittemore gauge, or demountable mechanical (DEMEC) strain gauges, and others devices using ‘contact’ measuring principles. These methods involve tedious surface preparation, and are also prone to significant human errors and inaccuracies. Furthermore, these mechanical sensors can only detect lateral displacements. This paper presents a new optical sensor of measuring prestress concrete surface strains. It makes use of the laser‐speckle displacement that is detected by cross correlating the associated optical signals from a Charged‐Coupled Device (CCD) sensor. The sensor was designed to be able to measure the surface displacement components without being affected by other surface motions that are generally present during the concrete detensioning process. Experiments were conducted on a compressed concrete beam and a real prestressed concrete member during the manufacturing process. The results from the optical strain sensor showed good consistency with contact measurements made by using both a foil strain gauge and a Whittemore gauge.
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. From discovery to antihypertensive drugs. (1991)

Some simple N-benzylimidazoles, originally described by Takeda Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan), were characterized to be very weak but selective nonpeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists with a competitive mode of action. Chemical modifications of these led to EXP6155 and EXP6803, which showed approximately 10- and 100-fold higher affinity, respectively, but were orally ineffective. Oral activity was obtained for the biphenyl carboxylic acid derivatives EXP7711 and especially EXP9654. A further advance in the design of nonpeptide Ang II receptor antagonists was provided by DuP 753, an analogue of EXP7711 in which the carboxylic acid function is replaced by its tetrazol-5-yl equivalent. DuP 753 (2-n-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)bi phe nyl-4- yl)methyl]imidazole, potassium salt) displaces radiolabeled Ang II from its specific binding sites in various tissues, affording IC50 values of approximately 20 nM. DuP 753 competitively antagonizes Ang II-induced responses in various in vitro and in vivo preparations but does not influence those to KCl, norepinephrine, vasopressin, and others, nor does it affect converting enzyme and renin. In high renin animal models of elevated arterial blood pressure, intravenous and oral administrations of DuP 753 produce a sustained decrease in pressure without influencing heart rate. Marked antihypertensive effects are observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but no efficacy is noticed in deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertensive animals. DuP 753 showed no agonistic properties in any of the above test systems and has been chosen to undergo clinical trials for the treatment of hypertension. In rats, the 5-carboxylic acid (EXP3174) represents a major metabolite of DuP 753.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vertically coupled whispering-gallery-mode resonator waveguide (2005)

We theoretically describe a novel configuration of a vertically coupled whispering-gallery-mode resonator waveguide. The waveguide is formed as a chain of doughnut-shaped low-contrast ripples on the surface of a vertical cylinder made from an optically transparent material. One can manipulate the properties of the waveguide by changing the shape of the resonators and the separation distance between them. Application of the structure as an optical delay line is discussed.
Neural Rerendering in the Wild (2019)

We explore total scene capture --- recording, modeling, and rerendering a scene under varying appearance such as season and time of day. Starting from Internet photos of a tourist landmark, we apply traditional 3D reconstruction to register the photos and approximate the scene as a point cloud. For each photo, we render the scene points into a deep framebuffer, and train a deep neural network to learn the mapping of these initial renderings to the actual photos. This rerendering network also takes as input a latent appearance vector and a semantic mask indicating the location of transient objects like pedestrians. The model is evaluated on several datasets of publicly available images spanning a broad range of illumination conditions. We create short videos that demonstrate realistic manipulation of the image viewpoint, appearance, and semantic labels. We also compare results to prior work on scene reconstruction from Internet photos.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Fusaric Acid-resistance Gene from Pseudomonas cepacia. (1991)

Fusaric acid-resistance genes (fus) were isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia. The nucleotides of the 5437 base pairs containing the fus genes were sequenced.
Vehicle Re-Identification by Deep Hidden Multi-View Inference (2018)

Vehicle re-identification (re-ID) is an area that has received far less attention in the computer vision community than the prevalent person re-ID. Possible reasons for this slow progress are the lack of appropriate research data and the special 3D structure of a vehicle. Previous works have generally focused on some specific views (e.g., front); but, these methods are less effective in realistic scenarios, where vehicles usually appear in arbitrary views to cameras. In this paper, we focus on the uncertainty of vehicle viewpoint in re-ID, proposing two end-to-end deep architectures: the Spatially Concatenated ConvNet and convolutional neural network (CNN)-LSTM bi-directional loop. Our models exploit the great advantages of the CNN and long short-term memory (LSTM) to learn transformations across different viewpoints of vehicles. Thus, a multi-view vehicle representation containing all viewpoints' information can be inferred from the only one input view, and then used for learning to measure distance. To verify our models, we also introduce a Toy Car RE-ID data set with images from multiple viewpoints of 200 vehicles. We evaluate our proposed methods on the Toy Car RE-ID data set and the public Multi-View Car, VehicleID, and VeRi data sets. Experimental results illustrate that our models achieve consistent improvements over the state-of-the-art vehicle re-ID approaches.
United States Patent: Method and System for Estimating the Tenderness of a Meat Product (1999)

A method for estimating the tenderness of a meat product is provided. The method includes determining the stress relaxation coefficient of a meat sample. One or more physical parameters of the meat sample are then determined from the stress relaxation coefficient. Diagnostic sensory characterization data, such as a numerical estimation of the meat's overall tenderness, is then determined for the meat sample. The physical parameters are then correlated to the diagnostic sensory characterization data, to allow the diagnostic sensory characterization data to be estimated solely from the measured physical parameters.
Regulation of the Human High Affinity IgE Receptor β-Chain Gene Expression Via an Intronic Element (2003)

The high affinity IgE receptor, FcepsilonRI, is a key regulatory molecule in the allergic reaction. By screening for cis-acting elements over the entire region of the human FcepsilonRI beta-chain gene, a sequence located in the fourth intron was revealed to serve as a repressor element. This element was recognized by a transcription factor, myeloid zinc finger protein 1 (MZF-1). Introduction of MZF-1 antisense inhibited the suppressive effect of the element on the beta-chain promoter and increased the mRNA for the beta-chain in KU812 cells, indicating that MZF-1 repressed human FcepsilonRI beta-chain gene expression via the element in the fourth intron. Furthermore, it was suggested that a cofactor binding with MZF-1, whose expression level was different among the cell types, was required for transcriptional repression by MZF-1.
A digital LDO with transient enhancement and limit cycle oscillation reduction (2016)

A digital low dropout regulator (D-LDO) manages to operate at low voltage and scale with process. But, the tradeoff between current efficiency and transient response speed limits its applications. In this work, a coarse-fine-tuning technique with burst-mode operation is employed to advance this trade-off. Once the output voltage under/overshoot is detected, the power MOS array changes with x16 unit size at 500 MHz sampling frequency for a fixed time, comparing with x1 size and 50 MHz in steady state. The limit cycle oscillation (LCO) in steady state is reduced by a feed-forward compensation zero with negligible power and area overheads. The proposed D-LDO is simulated in a 65 nm CMOS process, achieving a 60 mV voltage undershoot and 0.36 ps FOM of speed with a 60 μA quiescent current, and mode-1 LCO in steady state.
Luminaire Reference Points (LRP) in Visible Light Positioning using Hybrid Imaging-Photodiode (HIP) Receivers (2019)

Visible Light Positioning (VLP) is an exciting new technology that has the potential to provide indoor positioning in a myriad of applications. Typically, VLP uses LED luminaires for positioning beacons and, like other positioning technologies, there is a requirement that sufficient beacons are available in the field of view (FOV) for triangulation. This can be challenging in many environments due to the luminaire placement and size. In this paper we investigate the use of luminaire reference points (LRPs) and hybrid imaging-photodiode (HIP) receivers to improve the reliability and robustness of VLP. LRPs are precisely defined points on a luminaire that can be recognised by the imaging sensor in a HIP receiver. We show that, by associating multiple LRPs with a single luminaire, it is possible to achieve positioning when only one luminaire is in the FOV of the receiver. We demonstrate, using the geometric dilution of precision, that low positioning errors can be achieved even when luminaire geometry and spacing is non-ideal.