gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly[3,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl) oxetane]—an analog of cellulose: Synthesis, characterization, and properties (1989)

Abstract Poly[3,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane], PBHMO, was prepared in high molecular weight (η inh up to 5.2) by polymerizing the trimethylsilylether of 3,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl)oxetane with the i ‐Bu 3 Al–0.7 H 2 O cationic catalyst at low temperature, followed by hydrolysis. PBHMO is crystalline, very high melting (314°C) and highly insoluble, much like its analog, cellulose. It is soluble in 75% H 2 SO 4 at 30°C, being 65% converted to the acid sulfate ester; these conditions are useful for viscosity measurement, since the degradation rate is low and at least an order of magnitude less than for cellulose in this solvent. PBHMO can be prepared as oriented films and fibers using the lower melting diacetate (184°C) which can be melt or solution (CHCl 3 ) fabricated and then the oriented forms saponified to oriented PBHMO. BHMO can be directly polymerized to low molecular weight, perhaps somewhat branched, PBHMO (η inh 0.1) with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid catalyst at room temperature. Poly(3‐methyl‐3‐hydroxymethyloxetane), (PMHMO), prepared in high molecular weight (η inh up to 3.8) by the same method used for PBHMO, is more soluble and lower melting (165°C) than PBHMO, appears to be atactic and can be compression molded at 195°C to a tough, clear film which is readily oriented. Copolymers of BHMO with MHMO are crystalline over the entire composition range with a linear variation of T m with composition, a new example of isomorphism in the polymer area.
<title>W-coating for MEMS</title> (1999)

The integration of miniaturized mechanical components has spawned a new technology known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Surface micromachining, defined as the fabrication of micromechanical structures from deposited thin films, is one of the core technological processes underlying MEMS. Surface micromachined structures have a large ratio of surface area to volume which makes them particularly vulnerable to adhesion to the substrate or adjacent structures during release on in use- a problem is called stiction. Since microactuators can have surfaces in normal or sliding contact, friction and wear are critical issues for reliable operation of MEMS devices. Surface modifications are needed to reduce adhesion and friction in micromechanical structures. In this paper, we will present a process used to selectively coat MEMS devices with Tungsten using a CVD process. We will discuss the effect of wet and vapor phase cleans along with different process variables. Endurance of the W coating is important, especially in applications where wear due to repetitive contacts with the film may occur. Further, tungsten is hard and chemically inert. Tungsten CVD is used in the integrated-circuit industry, which makes this approach manufacturable.
EMAPII Monoclonal Antibody Ameliorates Influenza A Virus-Induced Lung Injury (2018)

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a major worldwide health threat, especially to high-risk populations, including the young and elderly. There is an unmet clinical need for therapy that will protect the lungs from damage caused by lower respiratory infection. Here, we analyzed the role of EMAPII, a stress- and virus-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic factor, in IAV-induced lung injury. First, we demonstrated that IAV induces EMAPII surface translocation, release, and apoptosis in cultured endothelial and epithelial cells. Next, we showed that IAV induces EMAPII surface translocation and release to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mouse lungs, concomitant with increases in caspase 3 activity. Injection of monoclonal antibody (mAb) against EMAPII attenuated IAV-induced EMAPII levels, weight loss, reduction of blood oxygenation, lung edema, and increase of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF alpha. In accordance with the pro-apoptotic properties of EMAPII, levels of caspase 3 activity in BALF were also decreased by mAb treatment. Moreover, we detected EMAPII mAb-induced increase in lung levels of M2-like macrophage markers YM1 and CD206. All together, these data strongly suggest that EMAPII mAb ameliorates IAV-induced lung injury by limiting lung cell apoptosis and shifting the host inflammatory setting toward resolution of inflammation.
Photoacoustic microscopy with submicron resolution (2010)

We show that it is possible to obtain high optical contrast photoacoustic images of tissue with 0.55 μm transverse resolution. To achieve high sensitivity, we used a high NA (0.85), 125 MHz spherically focused ultrasonic transducer in a confocal arrangement with a high resolution optical objective (NA=0.6). Laser pulses of a few nJ in pulse energy with durations of 1.5 ns at a 20 KHz pulse repetition rate were used to generate photoacoustic waves. Although the penetration depth is limited to hundreds of microns by both optical scattering and ultrasonic absorption, the developed technique can compete with optical microscopy, for example, in quantitative spectral measurements, in microcirculation research, or in nanoparticle detection.
The Use of Ethylene/Styrene Interpolymers in Crosslinked Foams for the Footwear Industry (2002)

Ethylene/Styrene Interpolymers (ESI) currently under development by The Dow Chemical Company can be effectively crosslinked using current commercial equipment to produce extruded sheets, bun foams, and injection molded foams (IMF) for footwear parts providing properties that enhance and/or outperform current foams of crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA). Crosslinked EVA foams with density ranging from 0.12 to 0.35 g/cc are becoming increasingly popular in many athletic, ladies high heel, and casual shoes for the fabrication of insoles, midsoles, and unisoles, where light weight, comfort, aesthetics, low cost, and performance are the key. ESIs can be blended with EVA or used pure to give light weight, softer foams with better compression set while maintaining or improving on resiliency, heat shrinkage, and split tear.
Spin-Polarized Light-Emitting Diode Based on an Organic Bipolar Spin Valve (2012)

The spin-polarized organic light-emitting diode (spin-OLED) has been a long-sought device within the field of organic spintronics. We designed, fabricated, and studied a spin-OLED with ferromagnetic electrodes that acts as a bipolar organic spin valve (OSV), based on a deuterated derivative of poly(phenylene-vinylene) with small hyperfine interaction. In the double-injection limit, the device shows ~1% spin valve magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) response, which follows the ferromagnetic electrode coercive fields and originates from the bipolar spin-polarized space charge-limited current. In stark contrast to the response properties of homopolar OSV devices, the MEL response in the double-injection device is practically independent of bias voltage, and its temperature dependence follows that of the ferromagnetic electrode magnetization. Our findings provide a pathway for organic displays controlled by external magnetic fields.
6-Methylergoline-8-carboxylic acid esters as serotonin antagonists: N1-substituent effects on 5HT2 receptor affinity (1987)

Three series of 6-methylergoline-8-carboxylic acid esters with various alkyl substituents in the N1-position were prepared and their 5HT2 receptor affinities measured. Some overlap occurred in the 5HT2 receptor affinities of the different ester series, indicating that both the ester side chain and the indole substituent influenced 5HT2 receptor affinity. While 5HT2 receptor affinity was affected by the structure of the ester side chain, the N1-substituent played a more crucial role in determining 5HT2 receptor affinity. When the ester side chain was held constant, maximal 5HT2 receptor affinity for that series of esters was obtained when the N1-substituent was isopropyl. Smaller substituents in the N1-position resulted in reduced 5HT2 receptor affinity. Groups C4 or larger in the N1-position resulted in a further decline in 5HT2 receptor affinity. The importance of the N1-substituent in determining 5HT2 receptor affinity was further substantiated when several 2-methyl-3-ethyl-5-(dimethylamino)indoles with various N1-substituents were tested. Again, maximal 5HT2 receptor affinity was obtained when the N1-substituent was isopropyl.
Synthesis, Antitumor Activity, and Mechanism of Action of Benzo[<i>a</i>]pyrano[3,2-<i>h</i>]acridin-7-one Analogues of Acronycine (2006)

Twenty-two derivatives belonging to the cis-1,2-diacyloxy-6-methoxy-3,3,14-trimethyl-1,2,3,14-tetrahydro-7H-benzo[a]pyrano[3,2-h]acridin-7-one series were synthesized in nine steps starting from 3,5-dimethoxyacetanilide (5) and 2-methoxy-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (7). Most of them exhibited submicromolar cytotoxicity when tested against murine leukemia (L1210) and human epidermoid carcinoma (KB-3-1) cell lines. The cytotoxic activity correlated strongly with the ability of the compounds to form covalent adducts with purified DNA. Among the most active compounds, 25, with IC50 values of 0.7 and 0.15 microM against L1210 and KB-3-1, respectively, was selected for evaluation in vivo against Colon 38 adenocarcinoma implanted in mice. This compound was active at 3 mg/kg i.v. (day 12 and 24) with 3/7 tumor free mice by day 80.
Structural Characterization of the Thermally Tolerant Pectin Methylesterase Purified from Citrus sinensis Fruit and Its Gene Sequence (2013)

Despite the longstanding importance of the thermally tolerant pectin methylesterase (TT-PME) activity in citrus juice processing and product quality, the unequivocal identification of the protein and its corresponding gene has remained elusive. TT-PME was purified from sweet orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] finisher pulp (8.0 mg/1.3 kg tissue) with an improved purification scheme that provided 20-fold increased enzyme yield over previous results. Structural characterization of electrophoretically pure TT-PME by MALDI-TOF MS determined molecular masses of approximately 47900 and 53000 Da for two principal glycoisoforms. De novo sequences generated from tryptic peptides by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS matched multiple anonymous Citrus EST cDNA accessions. The complete tt-pme cDNA (1710 base pair) was cloned from a fruit mRNA library using RT- and RLM-RACE PCR. Citrus TT-PME is a novel isoform that showed higher sequence identity with the multiply glycosylated kiwifruit PME than to previously described Citrus thermally labile PME isoforms.
Demonstration of Bit Rate Variable ROADM functionality on an Optical OFDM Superchannel (2010)

We demonstrate a bit rate variable add- and drop function performed on an optical OFDM superchannel signal by optical filtering and superposition of OFDM subbands and the application of different modulation formats for dynamic networks.
Modular trigger generator for an over-voltage triggered Marx generator (2011)

Over-voltage triggering of a spark gap enables a synchronized operation of several Marx generators in repetitive operation without an increased wear of the electrodes. In order to generate the trigger pulses and apply them to one spark gap of a Marx generator a modular semiconductor-based pulse generator in combination with a transformer has been developed. As the power required for triggering depends on stage voltage and stray capacitances of the Marx generator, a modular set-up enables an easy adaptation of the trigger generator design to different types of Marx generators. The paper describes the new design of the trigger generator.
Calcium-dependent properties of CIB binding to the integrin αIIb cytoplasmic domain and translocation to the platelet cytoskeleton (1999)

The alphaIIbbeta3 integrin receives signals in agonist-activated platelets, resulting in its conversion to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen, thereby mediating platelet aggregation. Fibrinogen binding to alphaIIbbeta3 subsequently induces a cascade of intracellular signalling events. The molecular mechanisms of this bi-directional alphaIIbbeta3-mediated signalling are unknown but may involve the binding of proteins to the integrin cytoplasmic domains. We reported previously the sequence of a novel 22-kDa, EF-hand-containing, protein termed CIB (calcium- and integrin-binding protein) that interacts specifically with the alphaIIb cytoplasmic domain in the yeast two-hybrid system. Further analysis of numerous tissues and cell lines indicated that CIB mRNA and protein are widely expressed. In addition, isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that CIB binds to an alphaIIb cytoplasmic-domain peptide in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, with moderate affinity (K(d), 700 nM) and 1:1 stoichiometry. In aggregated platelets, endogenous CIB and alphaIIbbeta3 translocate to the Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeleton in a parallel manner, demonstrating that the cellular localization of CIB is regulated, potentially by alphaIIbbeta3. Thus CIB may contribute to integrin-related functions by mechanisms involving Ca(2+)-modulated binding to the alphaIIb cytoplasmic domain and changes in intracellular distribution.
An Online Failure Detection Method of the Glucose Sensor-Insulin Pump System: Improved Overnight Safety of Type-1 Diabetic Subjects (2012)

Sensors for real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and pumps for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) have opened new scenarios for Type-1 diabetes treatment. However, occasional failures of either CGM or CSII may expose diabetic patients to possibly severe risks, especially overnight (e.g., inappropriate insulin administration). In this contribution, we present a method to detect in real time such failures by simultaneously using CGM and CSII data streams and a black-box model of the glucose-insulin system. First, an individualized state-space model of the glucose-insulin system is identified offline from CGM and CSII data collected during a previous monitoring. Then, this model, CGM and CSII real-time data streams are used online to obtain predictions of future glucose concentrations together with their confidence intervals by exploiting a Kalman filtering approach. If glucose values measured by the CGM sensor are not consistent with the predictions, a failure alert is generated in order to mitigate the risks for patient safety. The method is tested on 100 virtual patients created by using the UVA/Padova Type-1 diabetic simulator. Three different types of failures have been simulated: spike in the CGM profile, loss of sensitivity of glucose sensor, and failure in the pump delivery of insulin. Results show that, in all cases, the method is able to correctly generate alerts, with a very limited number of false negatives and a number of false positives, on average, lower than 10%. The use of the method in three subjects supports the simulation results, demonstrating that the accuracy of the method in generating alerts in presence of failures of the CGM sensor-CSII pump system can significantly improve safety of Type-1 diabetic patients overnight.
Numerical deconvolution of gas chromatograph peaks using Jansson's method (1987)

Abstract Severely overlapped gas chromatographic peaks can be resolved using Jansson's method. Jansson's method is an iterative nonlinear deconvolution technique and consists of Van Cittert's algorithm with the relaxation factor a function of the k th estimate of the peak shape. The maximum peak amplitude of the instrument and peak non‐negativity serve as constraints to improve the peak estimate. Super‐resolution is achieved without significantly degrading the chromatogram signal‐to‐noise ratio. The method only requires a knowledge of the instrument impulse response function and maximum peak height.
Fine Grain Barium Ferrite Thin Films With Perpendicular C-axis Orientation (1997)

Perpendicular barium hexaferrite thin films were fabricated using ex-situ and in-situ annealing. Our experimental results suggest that there are two different types of nucleation processes during the ex-situ annealing of the amorphous barium ferrite thin films. The nucleation within the film “bulk” tends to form crystallites with random c-axis orientations, whereas the nucleation at the interface(s) with the substrates or underlayers forms crystallites with the c-axis predominantly perpendicularly oriented. A Pt underlayer was shown to promote the interface nucleation which results in better perpendicular orientation. The barium ferrite films with Ba content higher than stoichiometry which were previously shown to have finer grain size, however, tend to grow grains of random orientation even on Pt underlayers due to the much enhanced “bulk” nucleation. Nearly perfect perpendicular orientation can be achieved in the high Ba content films if the films are made to be thin < 300 Å, and a two-step annealing is used. The films using in-situ annealing showed self-epitaxial growth of grains with perpendicular orientation, which can also be improved by using a Pt underlayer.
Cellphone-based hand-held microplate reader for point-of-care ELISA testing(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a microplate format has been a gold standard first-line clinical test for diagnosis of various diseases including infectious diseases. However, this technology requires a relatively large and expensive multi-well scanning spectrophotometer to read and quantify the signal from each well, hindering its implementation in resource-limited-settings. Here, we demonstrate a cost-effective and handheld smartphone-based colorimetric microplate reader for rapid digitization and quantification of immunoserology-related ELISA tests in a conventional 96-well plate format at the point of care (POC). This device consists of a bundle of 96 optical fibers to collect the transmitted light from each well of the microplate and direct all the transmission signals from the wells onto the camera of the mobile-phone. Captured images are then transmitted to a remote server through a custom-designed app, and both quantitative and qualitative diagnostic results are returned back to the user within ~1 minute per 96-well plate by using a machine learning algorithm. We tested this mobile-phone based micro-plate reader in a clinical microbiology lab using FDA-approved mumps IgG, measles IgG, and herpes simplex virus IgG (HSV-1 and HSV-2) ELISA tests on 1138 remnant patient samples (roughly 50% training and 50% testing), and achieved an overall accuracy of ~99% or higher for each ELISA test. This handheld and cost-effective platform could be immediately useful for large-scale vaccination monitoring in low-infrastructure settings, and also for other high-throughput disease screening applications at POC.
QA/QC OF GAMMA-GAMMA GEOPHYSICAL WELL LOGGING DATA APPLIED TO THE CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH DENSITY ROCK MASSES (2016)

ABSTRACT. This paper proposes a set of procedures for quality control of gamma-gamma geophysical well logging data applied to the study of high density rock masses, which: (1) linearity verification between different spaced gamma-gamma...Keywords: geophysical well logging, gamma-gamma density, quality control. RESUMO. O presente trabalho propõe um conjunto de procedimentos para controle de qualidade de dados de perfilagem geofísica gama-gama aplicados ao estudo de maciços rochosos de alta densidade,..Palavras-chave: perfilagem geofísica, densidade gama-gama, controle de qualidade.
Process variation tolerant SRAM array for ultra low voltage applications (2008)

In this work, we propose a Schmitt Trigger (ST) based differential sensing SRAM bitcell that can operate at ultra-low supply voltage. The proposed Schmitt Trigger SRAM cell addresses the fundamental conflicting design requirement of read versus write operation of a conventional 6T cell. Schmitt Trigger operation gives better read-stability and as well as better writeability compared to the standard 6T cell. The proposed ST bitcell incorporates a built-in feedback mechanism, achieving process variation tolerance - a must for future nano-scaled technology nodes. Measurements on 10 test-chips fabricated in 130nm technology show that the proposed Schmitt Trigger bitcell gives 58% higher read Static Noise Margin (SNM), 2X higher writetrip-point and 120mV lower read Vmin compared to the conventional 6T cell. The ST SRAM array is operational at 150mV of supply voltage.
A Super-Precise CTE Evaluation Method for Ultra-Low-Expansion Glasses Using the LFB Ultrasonic Material Characterization System (2005)

A super-precise method of evaluating the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of ultra-low-expansion glasses for future extreme ultra-violet lithography (EUVL) systems was developed using the line-focus-beam ultrasonic material characterization (LFB-UMC) system. Evaluation was demonstrated for two commercial glasses, TiO 2 -SiO 2 glass (C-7971) and Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass ceramic (Zerodur). For the C-7971 specimens, the sensitivity and resolution in the velocity measurement of leaky surface acoustic waves (LSAWs) for the CTE were estimated to be 4.40 (ppb/K)/(m/s) and ±0.77 ppb/K for ±2σ (σ: standard deviation). LSAW velocity differences caused by different TiO 2 concentrations and distributions or striae in each specimen were successfully detected and evaluated. For the Zerodur specimens, LSAW velocity differences associated with the chemical compositions and crystallization conditions were observed among different ingots and specimens. This ultrasonic method is expected to be an extremely useful and effective CTE evaluation technology and to contribute to improving and developing EUVL-grade glass materials.
An improved UDP protocol for video transmission over Internet-to-wireless networks (2001)

Packet video will become a significant portion of emerging and future wireless/Internet traffic. However, network congestion and wireless channel error yields tremendous packet loss and degraded video quality. In this paper, we propose a new complete user datagram protocol (CUDP), which utilizes channel error information obtained from the physical and link layers to assist error recovery at the packet level. We propose several maximal distance separable (MDS) code-based packet level error control coding schemes and derive analytical formulas to estimate the equivalent video frame loss for different versions of user datagram protocol (UDP). We validate the proposed packet coding and CUDP protocol using MPEG-coded video under various Internet packet loss and wireless channel profiles. Theoretic and simulation results show that the video quality can be substantially improved by utilizing the frame error information at UDP and application layer.
Optical properties of spherical fiber optic diffuser (1994)

The spherical fiber optic diffuser is for producing a spherical scattering light field. A uniform light intensity distribution is the most desired pattern for many medical applications. This paper presents a theoretical model for describing the surface irradiance and the far-field intensity distribution, which are expressed as a function of scattering coefficient, radius of the diffuser, and the maximum semi-angle of the output beam from fiber end. Experimental results are given and compared with the theoretical model.
Design and implementation of a dynamic protocol framework (2005)

Future distributed applications are expected to be deployed in an environment that is more dynamic and heterogeneous than ever before. The environment features are difficult to predict beforehand due to their variations. To cope with such variations, it is important that the protocol stack is adaptable to changing requirements. This paper proposes a component-based dynamical protocol framework (DPF) for multimedia applications. DPF dynamically builds an adaptive protocol stack by automatic discovery of protocol components and runtime configuration/reconfiguration of the protocol stack. Performance measurement shows that compared with directly using interfaces provided by JMF, using DPF to set up a dynamic protocol stack incurs slight overhead in unicast, and the similar condition is observed in multicast. This is the trade-off for the abilities to configure/reconfigure protocol stack during stream set-up and run time.