gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of processing delay on function-parallel firewalls (2006)

Comprehensive security policies are an integral part of creating a secure network and commonly firewalls are used to accomplish this. Firewalls inspect and filter traffic arriving or departing a network by comparing packets to a set of rules and performing the matching rule action, which is accept or deny. Unfortunately, traffic inspection of this type can impose significant delays on traffic due to the complexity and size of policies. Therefore, improving firewall performance is important, given the next generation of high-speed networks.This paper investigates the performance of a function parallel firewall architecture that distributes the original policy across an array of firewalls. A packet is processed by all the firewalls simultaneously and a gate then makes a final decision (accept or deny) based on the results of the individual firewalls. Since the individual firewalls have fewer rules to process (only a portion of the original policy), the function parallel system has lower delays (e.g. 74% lower for a four firewall array) and a higher throughput than other data parallel (load-balancing) firewalls. However, the performance increase is dependent on the speed of the gate. The potential speed increase and the impact of the gate will be demonstrated empirically.
Spread spectrum communication method for power line (1992)

Abstract Spread spectrum (SS) communication is proposed as a high‐speed data transmission system which uses the power line as the transmission channel. However, the power line is not originally a transmission line, the quality of transmission is not guaranteed, and the characteristics are not ideal in general. Especially, the phase characteristics may fluctuate greatly and rapidly in synchronization with the power frequency. In the traditional SS system, the sequence inversion keying (SIK) and the synchronization control by digital lock loop (DLL) are employed. However, there is a problem in that the stable retaining tracking of the synchronization is not realized for such a channel, thereby preventing normal demodulation. Code shift keying (CSK) is proposed to replaced SIK. An effective synchronization method to replace DLL in the application to power line communication has not been proposed. This paper proposes the synchronization control method which can establish stable synchronization at the initial stage. Also, the stable synchronization tracking in the deteriorated transmission environment is realized with a fast phase characteristics fluctuation similar to that in the power line, in addition to the demodulation method which demodulates the information stably even if the correlation function is distorted. By an experiment using the artificial power line and an actual home, the effectiveness is verified and the practical usefulness is demonstrated well.
Cloning and Expression of a Human 5-HT1D Receptor (1991)

A gene encoding a serotonin 5-HT1D receptor was cloned from a human brain cDNA library and functionally expressed in a heterologous expression system. Radioligand binding experiments were used to evaluate the pharmacological properties of membrane fragments expressing this cloned human receptor. [3H]5-HT bound with high affinity (Kd = 4.3 nM); the site density was 5.2 pmoles/mg protein. Competition studies revealed the following affinities (Ki in nM): 5-CT = 0.67; 5-HT = 4.2; 5-methoxytryptamine = 4.7; yohimbine = 25; spiperone > 1000; pindolol > 1000; zacopride > 10,000. High affinity binding was sensitive to the addition of guanine nucleotides, indicating functional coupling to a G-protein. 5-HT was found to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in L-M(TK-) cells expressing the cloned receptor. These data are consistent with the assignment of the newly cloned gene as a 5-HT1D receptor. Since the deduced amino acid sequence of this gene exhibits only moderate homology to the 5-HT1A receptor and low homology to 5-HT2 receptor subfamily (5-HT2 and 5-HT1C receptors), the human 5-HT1D receptor apparently represents the first member of a new subfamily of serotonin receptor genes. Since subtypes of the 5-HT1D receptor have been hypothesized, this human 5-HT1D clone will facilitate the isolation of any additional 5-HT1D receptor subtypes in the human brain.
Characterization of γ‐linolenic acid in<i>Ribes</i> seed (1984)

Abstract The total lipid content of fruit seeds of the Ribes family ranges by weight from 18.3% in gooseberries ( Ribes uva Crispa ) to 30.5% in black currants ( Ribes nigrum ). Isolation procedures and analytical methods (gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, high performance thin layer chromatography and stereospecific analysis) demonstrate that the oils from Ribes seeds contain up to 19% by weight of γ‐linolenic acid (γ‐LA, C18∶3, n−6) in black currant oil. This last Ribes species thus constitutes one of the richest natural sources in γ‐LA yet described. These oils appear promising for critically ill patients who seem unable to convert linoleic acid into subsequent EFA fractions.
Modulating Antibacterial Immunity via Bacterial Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles (2015)

Synthetic nanoparticles coated with cellular membranes have been increasingly explored to harness natural cell functions toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein, we report on a unique bacterial membrane-coated nanoparticle system as a new and exciting antibacterial vaccine. Using Escherichia coli as a model pathogen, we collect bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and successfully coat them onto small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a diameter of 30 nm. The resulting bacterial membrane-coated AuNPs (BM-AuNPs) show markedly enhanced stability in biological buffer solutions. When injected subcutaneously, the BM-AuNPs induce rapid activation and maturation of dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of the vaccinated mice. In addition, vaccination with BM-AuNPs generates antibody responses that are durable and of higher avidity than those elicited by OMVs only. The BM-AuNPs also induce an elevated production of interferon gamma (INFγ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17), but not interleukin-4 (IL-4), indicating its capability of generating strong Th1 and Th17 biased cell responses against the source bacteria. These observed results demonstrate that using natural bacterial membranes to coat synthetic nanoparticles holds great promise for designing effective antibacterial vaccines.
An inverse methodology for high frequency RF head coil design with preemphasized B/sub 1/ field in MRI (2005)

An inverse methodology to assist in the design of radio-frequency (RF) head coils for high field MRI application is described in this work. Free space time-harmonic electromagnetic Green's functions and preemphasized B/sub 1/ field are used to calculate the current density on the coil cylinder. With B/sub 1/ field preemphasized and lowered in the middle of the RF transverse plane, the calculated current distribution can generate an internal magnetic field that can reduce the EM field/tissue interactions at high frequencies. The current distribution of a head coil operating at 4 T is calculated using inverse methodology with preemphasized B/sub 1/ fields. FDTD is employed to calculate B/sub 1/ field and signal intensity inside a homogenous cylindrical phantom and human head. A comparison with conventional RF birdcage coil is reported here and demonstrated that inverse-method designed coil with preemphasized B/sub 1/ field can help in decreasing the notorious bright region caused by EM field/tissue interactions in the human head images at 4 T.
Monitoring photovoltaic soiling: assessment, challenges, and perspectives of current and potential strategies (2021)

Soiling is the process whereby dirt, dust, and organic/inorganic contaminants deposit on the surface of a photovoltaic (PV) module. It causes significant economic losses and can have a substantial impact on the expansion of photovoltaic technologies for energy generation. The first step to address soiling adequately is monitoring, as soiling mitigation has to be tailored to the specific conditions of each PV system and no universally valid strategy exists. The main focus of this study is to assess the current state of the art in soiling monitoring, in order to help the community better understand the needs and the challenges in this area. The potentials and the limitations of each monitoring method are discussed thoroughly in the paper, with the support of original experimental data. An estimation of the future soiling monitoring market trends is also presented, with a forecasted need for tens of thousands of new soiling monitors every year.
Efficient Cavity-Dumped, Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser (1989)

New design expected to increase efficiency of cavity-dumped, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. Frequency doubled outside primary laser resonator, and portion of fundamental-frequency light not used by doubler returned to primary laser cavity to increase efficiency. Applications of laser foreseen in data communictions, laser ranging, studies of atmosphere, remote sensing, and laboratory studies.
A user-based frequency-dependent IP header compression architecture (2003)

Due to bandwidth constraints on the wireless link in an IP network, it is useful to compress the headers so as to maximize the utilization of the link. There exist Header compression algorithms that make use of the similarity in consecutive headers in a packet flow to compress these headers. We introduce a novel header compression scheme that makes use of the similarity in consecutive flows from or to a given mobile terminal to compress these headers. We also introduce an architecture to distribute the information necessary for our header compression scheme to the network entities participating in the header compression by means of context transfer. We evaluate our compression scheme with respect to an analytical model and to actual Internet data traces. Our scheme is complementary and the benefits are additional to the traditional approach to header compression.
Mask and mask-less injection molded solder (IMS) technology for fine pitch substrate bumping (2010)

We report the results of a new pre-solder bumping technology of injection molded solder (IMS) for fine pitch organic substrates. Pure molten solder is injected through a reusable film mask (mask IMS) or directly injected without a mask (mask-less IMS) on the pads of an organic substrate to overcome the limitation of current pre-solder bumping technologies such as solder paste stencil printing and micro-ball mounting. In the case of mask IMS, targeted solder height over the solder resist (SR) is designed into the mask which has desirable thickness and hole sizes. Three different solder bump heights such as 30, 50, and 70 microns over SR were demonstrated for commercial organic substrates which have a pitch of 150 μm for 5,000 area array pads. To show the extendibility of the mask IMS bumping method to very fine pitch applications, 100 μm pitch bumping of 10,000 pads and 80 μm pitch bumping of 15,000 pads were demonstrated. In mask-less IMS, the pure molten solder is directly filled into the opening volume of the SR. After the injection of molten solder, solidification of the solder under low oxygen leads to solder protrusions above the SR surface because 100 % pure solder is filled into the whole SR opening volume. For a 150 μm pitch commercial substrate, we demonstrated minimum bump heights of 15 μm over the 20 μm thick SR. Since there is no need to align mask and substrate, the maskless IMS method lowers process costs and makes the process more reliable. By manipulating the opening in the SR, it is possible to enable variations in the height of the solder bumps. Flux or formic acid is not needed during solder injection of both described processes, but a low oxygen environment must be maintained. In this paper, we will discuss laboratory scale processes and bump inspection data, along with the discussion of manufacturing strategies for IMS solder bumping technology for fine pitch organic substrates.
Molecular Analysis of the JAZF1-JJAZ1 Gene Fusion by RT-PCR and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Endometrial Stromal Neoplasms (2006)

Nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities of chromosomes 6, 7, and 17 have been reported within low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (LGESSs), and among these abnormalities, the t(7;17)(p15;q21) is the most common aberration described. Previously we had shown that this translocation joins 2 genes, JAZF1 and JJAZ1, located on chromosomes 7 and 17, respectively. To determine the frequency of the t(7;17), we analyzed 4 stromal nodules and 24 LGESS by both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, we examined 4 cases of highly cellular leiomyoma, a benign morphologic mimic of LGESS. Overall, evidence for the JAZF1-JJAZ1 fusion was found in 60% of endometrial stromal neoplasms analyzed (8/16 ESS and 4/4 stromal nodules). One LGESS demonstrated only rearrangement of 7p15 by FISH analysis and karyotypic analysis of this case showed t(6;7)(p21;p15). The fusion was not detected in any highly cellular leiomyomas. Our data suggest that the JAZF1-JJAZ1 fusion is a frequent, although nonuniform, feature of endometrial stromal neoplasia, irrespective of benign versus malignant classification and smooth muscle differentiation. In addition, the detection of the fusion by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or FISH for JJAZ1 at 7p15 may be diagnostically useful.
Face Recognition using Layered Linear Discriminant Analysis and Small Subspace (2010)

Face recognition has great demands in human recognition and recently it becomes one of the most important research areas of biometrics. In this paper, we present a novel layered face recognition method based on Fisher's linear discriminant analysis. The basic aim is to decrease FAR by reducing the face dataset to small size by applying layered linear discriminant analysis. Although, the computational complexity at the time of recognition is much higher than conventional PCA and LDA due to the weights computation for small subspace at the time of recognition, but on the other hand the layered LDA provides significant performance gain especially on similar face database. Layered LDA is insensitive to large dataset and also small sample size and it provides 93% accuracy on BANCA face database. Experimental and simulation results show that the proposed scheme has encouraging results for a practical face recognition system.
A new unambiguous BOC(n,n) signal tracking technique (2004)

International audience
Behavioral synthesis for low power (2002)

We present a behavioral synthesis method targeting low power consumption for data-dominated CMOS circuits. A study of how the high-level synthesis process affects power consumption is presented, based on, which we have developed the first allocation method for low power. We also present a method of optimizing the controller to reduce data path power dissipation. We consider loops, conditional branches, and scheduling constructs such as multicycling, chaining and structural pipelining. The techniques were implemented within the framework of an existing behavioral synthesis system. Experiments performed on various examples and benchmarks show that low power circuits can be synthesized by our method with very low or zero overheads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
U1 snRNP regulates cancer cell migration and invasion (2019)

Abstract Stimulated cells and cancer cells have widespread shortening of mRNA 3’-utranslated regions (3’UTRs) and switches to shorter mRNA isoforms due to usage of more proximal polyadenylation signals (PASs) in the last exon and in introns. U1 snRNA (U1), vertebrates’ most abundant non-coding (spliceosomal) small nuclear RNA, silences proximal PASs and its inhibition with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (U1 AMO) triggers widespread mRNA shortening. Here we show that U1 AMO also modulates cancer cells’ phenotype, dose-dependently increasing migration and invasion in vitro by up to 500%, whereas U1 over-expression has the opposite effect. In addition to 3’UTR length, numerous transcriptome changes that could contribute to this phenotype are observed, including alternative splicing, and mRNA expression levels of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors. These findings reveal an unexpected link between U1 regulation and oncogenic and activated cell states, and suggest U1 as a potential target for their modulation.
A CD31-derived peptide prevents angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis progression and aneurysm formation (2012)

CD31 peptides could represent a new class of drugs intended to prevent the inflammatory cell processes, such as those underlying progression of atherosclerosis and development of AAA.
A new instrumented approach for translating American Sign Language into sound and text (2004)

This work discusses an approach for capturing and translating isolated gestures of American Sign Language into spoken and written words. The instrumented part of the system combines an AcceleGlove and a two-link arm skeleton. Gestures of the American Sign Language are broken down into unique sequences of phonemes called poses and movements, recognized by software modules trained and tested independently on volunteers with different hand sizes and signing ability. Recognition rates of independent modules reached up to 100% for 42 postures, orientations, 11 locations and 7 movements using linear classification. The overall sign recognizer was tested using a subset of the American Sign Language dictionary comprised by 30 one-handed signs, achieving 98% accuracy. The system proved to be scalable: when the lexicon was extended to 176 signs and tested without retraining, the accuracy was 95%. This represents an improvement over classification based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) and neural networks (NNs).
The use of nonlinear element for signal enhancement in a grating based all-optical pattern recognition system (2001)

We demonstrate an elementary grating-based OCDMA code generation and - recognition system incorporating a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) within the receiver. We show that the NOLM can act as a nonlinear processing element capable of reducing both the pedestal associated with conventional matched-filtering, and the width of the associated code-recognition pulse. The pedestal rejection allows for an improved code recognition signal to noise ratio relative to simple matched filtering alone and reduced intra- and inter-channel interference noise due to code overlap. The system benefits of using the NOLM are experimentally demonstrated under both single and multi user operation within a variety of both 7- and 63-chip, 160 Gchip/s code generation, recognition and transmission experiments based on the use of bipolar SSFBG coding:decoding pairs. Incorporation of the NOLM is shown to allow error-free, penalty free operation at data rates as high as 2.5Gbit/s under single user operation, and to provide error-free performance with reduced power penalty in two-user experiments. The narrowed pulse recognition signature offers major advantages in terms of the further all-optical processing of decoded signals, such as code regeneration and recoding. In our experiments we used a fibre based NOLM however, semiconductor based nonlinear devices should offer similar benefits.
Characterization of prion protein (PrP)-derived peptides that discriminate full-length PrP <sup>Sc</sup> from PrP <sup>C</sup> (2007)

On our initial discovery that prion protein (PrP)-derived peptides were capable of capturing the pathogenic prion protein (PrP(Sc)), we have been interested in how these peptides interact with PrP(Sc). After screening peptides from the entire human PrP sequence, we found two peptides (PrP(19-30) and PrP(100-111)) capable of binding full-length PrP(Sc) in plasma, a medium containing a complex mixture of other proteins including a vast excess of the normal prion protein (PrP(C)). The limit of detection for captured PrP(Sc) was calculated to be 8 amol from a approximately 10(5)-fold dilution of 10% (wt/vol) human variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease brain homogenate, with >3,800-fold binding specificity to PrP(Sc) over PrP(C). Through extensive analyses, we show that positively charged amino acids play an important, but not exclusive, role in the interaction between the peptides and PrP(Sc). Neither hydrophobic nor polar interactions appear to correlate with binding activity. The peptide-PrP(Sc) interaction was not sequence-specific, but amino acid composition affected binding. Binding occurs through a conformational domain that is only present in PrP(Sc), is species-independent, and is not affected by proteinase K digestion. These and other findings suggest a mechanism by which cationic domains of PrP(C) may play a role in the recruitment of PrP(C) to PrP(Sc).
A plasma process monitor/control system (1998)

Sandia National Laboratories has developed a system to monitor plasma processes for the control of industrial applications. The system is designed to act as a fully automated, stand-alone process monitor during printed wiring board and semiconductor production runs. The monitor routinely performs data collection, analysis, process identification and error detection/correction without the need for human intervention. The monitor can also be used in research mode to allow process engineers to gather additional information about plasma processes. Because plasma processes have wide application in thin-film growth, the monitor could also be used to better understand and control myriad thin-film manufacturing processes. Surface interactions, thin-film interfaces, growth and stoichiometry are potential areas of impact. The plasma process monitor/control system consists of a computer running software developed by Sandia National Laboratories, a commercially available spectrophotometer equipped with a charge-coupled device camera, an input/output device and a fiber-optic cable. The tool is designed to be a versatile, multipurpose piece of equipment allowing automated process verification and error detection/correction, as well as a research tool. We have used the monitor for gauging the ‘state-of-health’ of plasma processes. System 1 has been at Texas Instruments in Austin, TX, since February 1996, monitoring the health of printed wiring board plasma desmear and etch-back. System 2 has been at Advanced Micro Devices in Austin, TX, since July 1996, monitoring integrated circuit multivariate oxide etch. These systems and possible benefits derived from in situ monitoring of plasma processes will be discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resolving Multi-path Interference in Time-of-Flight Imaging via Modulation Frequency Diversity and Sparse Regularization (2013)

Time-of-flight (ToF) cameras calculate depth maps by reconstructing phase shifts of amplitude-modulated signals. For broad illumination or transparent objects, reflections from multiple scene points can illuminate a given pixel, giving rise to an erroneous depth map. We report here a sparsity regularized solution that separates K-interfering components using multiple modulation frequency measurements. The method maps ToF imaging to the general framework of spectral estimation theory and has applications in improving depth profiles and exploiting multiple scattering.
ErbB2/Her2-specific NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy of glioblastoma (2014)

Meeting abstracts Significant progress has been made over the last decade towards realizing the potential of natural killer (NK) cells for cancer immunotherapy. NK cells can respond rapidly to transformed and stressed cells, and have the intrinsic potential to extravasate and reach their targets in