gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric resonator filters with wide stopbands (1992)

Dielectric resonators used in filter networks present a model spectrum with undesired, or spurious, resonances in close proximity to the desired one. Through the use of evanescent mode bandpass irises tuned to the filter center frequency, the resonator spurious modes are suppressed, resulting in N-section filters with stopbands clean to at least (N-1) times the individual iris stopband levels. The problem of achieving a wide stopband is reduced to the problems of realizing the resonating capacitance required in an evanescent bandpass filter and computing the junction susceptance occurring at the interface between a larger evanescent section (the resonator enclosure) and the smaller iris opening. The technique results in high-Q resonator filters with stopbands clean to at least -55 dBc, out to at least 1.7 times the filter center frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure of Human Urokinase Plasminogen Activator in Complex with Its Receptor (2006)

The urokinase plasminogen activator binds to its cellular receptor with high affinity and initiates signaling cascades that are implicated in pathological processes including tumor growth, metastasis, and inflammation. We report the crystal structure at 1.9 angstroms of the urokinase receptor complexed with the urokinase amino-terminal fragment and an antibody against the receptor. The three domains of urokinase receptor form a concave shape with a central cone-shaped cavity where the urokinase fragment inserts. The structure provides insight into the flexibility of the urokinase receptor that enables its interaction with a wide variety of ligands and a basis for the design of urokinase-urokinase receptor antagonists.
THE ISOLATION OF THYMOPOIETIN (THYMIN)* (1975)

The isolation from bovine thymus of two closely related polypeptides, thymopoietin I and II, is described. These are considered to be thymic hormones, which physiologically induce the differentation of prothymocytes to thymocytes within the thymus. Ths isolation of the thymopoietins was monitored not by their differentiative effects, but by a presumably secondary effect on neuromuscular transmission. This was discerned in experimental studies related to the human disease myasthenia gravis in which it was suggested that autoimmune thymitis was regularly present. In an animal model, experimental autoimmune thymitis, the thymic disease was shown to result in the release of a substance that depressed neuromuscular transmission and this substance was shown to be also secreted in small amounts by the normal thymus. A bioassay was developed, this being the delayed appearance of neuromuscular impairment after in vivo injection of the active material, and this bioassay was used to monitor the fractionation of thymus extracts and isolate thymopoietin. Pure thymopoietin was active at subnanogram concentrations, both in producing its effect on neuromuscualr transmission and in inducing the differentiation of prothymocytes to thymocytes. This potency of activity of the purified polypeptide, as well as its specificity in inducing the differentiation of T-cells and not B-cells, support the consideration that thympoietin is a physiological inducing hormone produced by the thymus. This is further supported by the evidence that thymopoietin is only produced in the thymus: neuromuscular blocking effects are not present in extracts of other tissues and immunofluorescent localization of thymopoietin shows it to be present only in thymic epithelial cells.
Increasing hatchability of turkey eggs by injecting eggs with pyridoxine (1991)

1. In field trials, eggs from two flocks of Large White turkey hens were injected with about 0.2 ml saline solution containing 600 micrograms of pyridoxine hydrochloride in order to examine its effect on hatchability. 2. Also, in an aseptic laboratory trial, eggs from Large White turkey hens were injected with 0.2 ml of saline solution and 0.2 ml of saline solution containing 600 micrograms of pyridoxine hydrochloride. 3. In field trials, hatchability of pyridoxine-injected eggs was 4.6% higher (P less than 0.05) than the control (non-injected) eggs. 4. In the aseptic laboratory trial, hatchability of pyridoxine-injected eggs was 4.2% higher (P less than 0.05) than saline-injected and control (non-injected) eggs.
Mathematical Description of Dendrimer Structure (2004)

Characteristics of starburst dendrimers can be easily attributed to the multiplicity of the monomers used to synthesize them. The molecular weight, degree of polymerization, number of terminal groups and branch points for each generation of a dendrimer can be calculated using mathematical formulas incorporating these variables. Mathematical models for the calculation of degree of polymerization, molecular weight, and number of terminal groups and branching groups previously published were revised and elaborated on for poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, and introduced for poly(propyleneimine) (POPAM) dendrimers and the novel POPAM-PAMAM hybrid, which we call the POMAM dendrimer. Experimental verification of the relationship between theoretical and actual structure for the PAMAM dendrimer was also established.
Proposal of acoustic measures for automatic detection of vocal fry (2005)

Vocal fry is a voice quality that often appears in relaxed voices indicating low tension, or in pressed voices expressing attitudes/feelings of surprise, admiration and suffering. We propose a set of acoustic measures for automatically detecting vocal fry segments in speech utterances. In order to deal with vocal fry utterances with very low fundamental frequencies, where classic short-term analysis methods become problematic, a glottal pulse synchronized method is proposed. The acoustic measures are based on power, periodicity and similarity properties of vocal fry signals. The basic idea is to scan for power peaks in a “very short-term” power contour, check for periodicity properties and evaluate a similarity measure between power peaks for deciding the possibility of vocal fry pulses. Sub-harmonic properties are also taken into account in the periodicity analysis. Evaluation of the proposed measures in automatic detection resulted in 73.3 % correct detection, with an insertion error rate of 3.9 %.
Chemotherapy-Response Monitoring of Breast Cancer Patients Using Quantitative Ultrasound-Based Intra-Tumour Heterogeneities (2022)

<p>Anti-cancer therapies including chemotherapy aim to induce tumour cell death. Cell death introduces alterations in cell morphology and tissue micro-structures that cause measurable changes in tissue echogenicity. This study investigated the effectiveness of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parametric imaging to characterize intra-tumour heterogeneity and monitor the pathological response of breast cancer to chemotherapy in a large cohort of patients (n = 100). Results demonstrated that QUS imaging can non-invasively monitor pathological response and outcome of breast cancer patients to chemotherapy early following treatment initiation. Specifically, QUS biomarkers quantifying spatial heterogeneities in size, concentration and spacing of acoustic scatterers could predict treatment responses of patients with cross-validated accuracies of 82 ± 0.7%, 86 ± 0.7% and 85 ± 0.9% and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.75 ± 0.1, 0.80 ± 0.1 and 0.89 ± 0.1 at 1, 4 and 8 weeks after the start of treatment, respectively. The patients classified as responders and nonresponders using QUS biomarkers demonstrated significantly different survivals, in good agreement with clinical and pathological endpoints. The results form a basis for using early predictive information on survival-linked patient response to facilitate adapting standard anti-cancer treatments on an individual patient basis.</p> <p><br></p>
Development of a Colorimetric, Second Generation Nucleic Acid Hybridization Method For Detection of Salmonella in Foods and a Comparison With Conventional Culture Procedure (1990)

ABSTRACT A new, highly specific colorimetric DNA hybridization method (cDNAH) for detection of Salmonella in foods was developed. It detected 355/362 strains representing 206/213 serovars of Salmonella , and showed no cross‐reactivity with 32 different non‐Salmonella species, including a variety of Enterobacter and Citrobacter species. The cDNAH method was compared with the BAM/AOAC culture method in two studies: (1) with 20 different inoculated and uninoculated foods overall agreement between the two methods was 99%. (2) with naturally contaminated foods at two independent sites agreement with culture was 99.8% where 9/404 samples were positive for Salmonella.
A Light‐Blue Phosphorescent Dendrimer for Efficient Solution‐Processed Light‐Emitting Diodes (2005)

Abstract We describe the preparation of a dendrimer that is solution‐processible and contains 2‐ethylhexyloxy surface groups, biphenyl‐based dendrons, and a fac ‐tris[2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridyl]iridium( III ) core. The homoleptic complex is highly luminescent and the color of emission is similar to the heteroleptic iridium( III ) complex, bis[2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridyl]picolinate iridium( III ) (FIrpic). To avoid the change in emission color that would arise from attaching a conjugated dendron to the ligand, the conjugation between the dendron and the ligand is decoupled by separating them with an ethane linkage. Bilayer devices containing a light‐emitting layer comprised of a 30 wt.‐% blend of the dendrimer in 1,3‐bis( N ‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) and a 1,3,5‐tris(2‐ N ‐phenylbenzimidazolyl)benzene electron‐transport layer have external quantum and power efficiencies, respectively, of 10.4 % and 11 lm W –1 at 100 cd m –2 and 6.4 V. These efficiencies are higher than those reported for more complex device structures prepared via evaporation that contain FIrpic blended with mCP as the emitting layer, showing the advantage of using a dendritic structure to control processing and intermolecular interactions. The external quantum efficiency of 10.4 % corresponds to the maximum achievable efficiency based on the photoluminescence quantum yield of the emissive film and the standard out‐coupling of light from the device.
Characterization of the Human Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Promoter: Identification of a GATA-2 Binding Element Required for Optimal Transcriptional Activity (1997)

Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is a 130-kD member of the Ig gene superfamily that is expressed on platelets, endothelial cells, and certain leukocyte subsets. To examine the factors controlling vascular-specific expression of PECAM-1, we cloned the 5'-flanking region of the PECAM-1 gene and analyzed its transcriptional activity. 5'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'-RACE) analysis showed that transcription initiation occurred at several closely spaced nearby sites originating approximately 204 bp upstream from the translation start site. Analysis of the sequence immediately upstream from the transcription initiation site (TIS) showed no canonical TATA or CAAT elements, however an initiator element commonly found in TATA-less promoters encompassed the TIS. 5'-serially truncated PECAM-1 promoter segments cloned in front of a luciferase reporter drove transcription in both a lineage- and orientation-specific manner. Putative cis-acting control elements present within a 300-bp core promoter included two ets sites, an Sp1 site, tandem E-box domains, two GATA-associated sites (CACCC), an AP-2 binding site, and a GATA element at -24. Mutational analysis showed that optimal transcriptional activity required the GATA sequence at position -24, and gel-shift assays further showed that the GATA-2 transcription factor, but not GATA-1, bound to this region of the PECAM-1 promoter. Understanding the cis- and transacting factors that regulate the tissue-specific expression of PECAM-1 should increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which vascular-specific gene expression is achieved.
Silica-Based Bioactive Glasses and Their Applications in Hard Tissue Regeneration: A Review (2021)

Regenerative medicine is a field that aims to influence and improvise the processes of tissue repair and restoration and to assist the body to heal and recover. In the field of hard tissue regeneration, bio-inert materials are being predominantly used, and there is a necessity to use bioactive materials that can help in better tissue-implant interactions and facilitate the healing and regeneration process. One such bioactive material that is being focused upon and studied extensively in the past few decades is bioactive glass (BG). The original bioactive glass (45S5) is composed of silicon dioxide, sodium dioxide, calcium oxide, and phosphorus pentoxide and is mainly referred to by its commercial name Bioglass. BG is mainly used for bone tissue regeneration due to its osteoconductivity and osteostimulation properties. The bioactivity of BG, however, is highly dependent on the compositional ratio of certain glass-forming system content. The manipulation of content ratio and the element compositional flexibility of BG-forming network developed other types of bioactive glasses with controllable chemical durability and chemical affinity with bone and bioactivity. This review article mainly discusses the basic information about silica-based bioactive glasses, including their composition, processing, and properties, as well as their medical applications such as in bone regeneration, as bone grafts, and as dental implant coatings.
Clinical Emergence of Entecavir-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus Requires Additional Substitutions in Virus Already Resistant to Lamivudine (2004)

Entecavir (ETV) exhibits potent antiviral activity in patients chronically infected with wild-type or lamivudine (3TC)-resistant (3TC(r)) hepatitis B virus (HBV). Among the patients treated in phase II ETV clinical trials, two patients for whom previous therapies had failed exhibited virologic breakthrough while on ETV. Isolates from these patients (arbitrarily designated patients A and B) were analyzed genotypically for emergent substitutions in HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) and phenotypically for reduced susceptibility in cultures and in HBV polymerase assays. After 54 weeks of 3TC therapy, patient A (AI463901-A) received 0.5 mg of ETV for 52 weeks followed by a combination of ETV and 100 mg of 3TC for 89 weeks. Viral rebound occurred at 133 weeks after ETV was started. The 3TC(r) RT substitutions rtV173L, rtL180M, and rtM204V were present at study entry, and the additional substitutions rtI169T and rtM250V emerged during ETV-3TC combination treatment. Reduced ETV susceptibility in vitro required the rtM250V substitution in addition to the 3TC(r) substitutions. For liver transplant patient B (AI463015-B), previous famciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet, and 3TC therapies had failed, and RT changes rtS78S/T, rtV173L, rtL180M, rtT184S, and rtM204V were present at study entry. Viral rebound occurred after 76 weeks of therapy with ETV at 1.0 mg, with the emergence of rtT184G, rtI169T, and rtS202I substitutions within the preexisting 3TC(r) background. Reduced susceptibility in vitro was highest when both the rtT184G and the rtS202I changes were combined with the 3TC(r) substitutions. In summary, infrequent ETV resistance can emerge during prolonged therapy, with selection of additional RT substitutions within a 3TC(r) HBV background, leading to reduced ETV susceptibility and treatment failure.
Single-Sized CdSe Nanocrystals with Bandgap Photoemission via a Noninjection One-Pot Approach (2009)

The manuscript addresses the synthesis and characterization of one colloidal CdSe single-sized nanocrystal ensemble exhibiting bandgap absorption and emission peaking at 463 and 465 nm, respectively, with full width at half-maximum of ca. 8 nm. This ensemble is called Family 463; also, these single-sized quantum dots (QDs) are termed as magic-sized quantum dots (MSQDs). A magic-sized quantum dot (MSQD) ensemble is similar to a regular quantum dot (RQD) ensemble but consisting of single-sized nanocrystals; meanwhile, MSQDs do not grow in size any more with longer reaction periods or higher temperature, after their well development during synthesis. The CdSe MSQDs were synthesized via a noninjection one-pot approach with long reaction periods at elevated temperature, with cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd(OAc)2·2H2O) and elemental selenium as Cd and Se sources, respectively, one long-chain fatty acid as ligands, and 1-octadecene (ODE) as a reaction medium. Different carboxylic acids with the carbon-chain length ranging from C2 to C24, the number of which refers to the total number of carbons, were investigated. Deficient acid feed amount with respect to Cd is crucial for the formation of the CdSe MSQDs, leading to the resulting Cd precursor Cd(OAc)x(OOC−(CH2)n−CH3)2-x (with tunable activity). It was also found that the fatty acids of C12−C18, with low acid-to-Cd and high Cd-to-Se feed molar ratios and the growth temperature of 200−240 °C, are optimum for MSQD Family 463, regarding the yield, purity, and their bandgap photoluminescent (PL) efficiency. Interestingly, in the initial stage of the formation at the growth temperature of 140−160 °C, there may be an “isomer competing” process. 13C solid-state cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) indicates that the capping carboxylate groups are firmly attached to the nanocrystals, which allows cross-polarization from 1H of the alkyl chains to 113Cd. Thus 113Cd NMR is able to distinguish surface (422 ppm) bonding to both −COO and Se and bulk (680 ppm) Cd species bonding to Se only. The CdSe MSQD Family 463 possesses long shelf-storage stability. The synthetic approach introduced here is ready and reproducible, featuring large-scale production. The present study on the growth kinetics of CdSe MSQD Family 463 brings insights for rational design strategies toward various MSQD ensembles with different sizes, via the choice of acids and their feed amount affecting the activity of the resulting Cd precursor.
Phase-aberration correction using near-field signal redundancy: correcting phase aberrations caused by medium-velocity and array-pitch errors (2002)

Phase aberration is one of the important factors which limit improvement to the lateral resolution of ultrasound imaging systems. Several methods have been developed during the last decade to correct for phase aberration errors. Recently, we have developed a near-field signal-redundancy algorithm and have tested it successfully on phantom and in vivo tissue data. In this algorithm, common midpoint signals are dynamically corrected before they are cross-correlated for phase-aberration measurement. This dynamic correction can reduce the difference between common midpoint signals caused by the near-field effect. The values of the array pitch and the average velocity in the medium, which are used in the dynamic near-field correction as well as in the image-formation process, are subject to errors. In this paper, the influences of these errors on the near-field signal redundancy algorithm and the image formation process are analyzed. It is found that the aberration profile derived from incorrectly assumed average velocity and pitch values can be used to correct for the phase aberration caused by velocity and pitch errors in the image formation process. It highlights the important role of the dynamic near-field correction in the signal-redundancy algorithm for targets in the near field.
Relative versus absolute rises in T/QRS ratio by ST analysis of fetal electrocardiograms in labour: A case-control pilot study (2019)

Relative ST analysis seems to be a promising method to detect impending fetal acidaemia during labour. Further studies are required to determine the diagnostic accuracy.
Polyurethane elastomers based on novel polyether macrodiols and MDI: Synthesis, mechanical properties, and resistance to hydrolysis and oxidation (1992)

Abstract Novel polyurethane elastomers based on 4,4′‐diphenylmethanediisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol, and polyether macrodiols that have 6, 8, or 10 methylene groups between the ether oxygens were prepared by two‐step solution polymerization. Their mechanical properties and degradation resistance were compared with poly(tetramethylene oxide)‐based polyurethanes. The new polyurethanes were more resistant to hydrolysis and to hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidation than were the poly(tetramethylene oxide) ‐based materials. The poly(octamethylene oxide) ‐based polyurethane displayed good resistance to sodium hypochlorite. 1,2‐Diaminoethane chain‐extended polyurethane–ureas were also prepared using the macrodiols poly(hexamethylene oxide) and poly(octamethylene oxide). They were not thermally processable or solvent‐castable. Bulk synthesis of novel polyether polyurethanes yielded, in some cases, materials with improved mechanical properties compared with their solution‐polymerized counterparts. The outcome of the bulk syntheses was highly dependent, however, on reaction conditions and stoichiometry.
The Carver‐Greenfield Process: Dehydration/solvent extraction technology for waste treatment (1996)

Abstract A combination dehydration/solvent extraction treatment technology, the proprietary Carver‐Greenfield (C‐G) Process, can be used to separate solid/liquid waste materials into three separate product streams convenient for reuse or disposal: clean, dry solids suitable for fixation of non‐hazardous landfilling; water virtually free of solids and oils which can be processed in an industrial or public wastewater treatment facility; and, oil indigenous to the feed, a mixture of extracted hydrocarbon‐soluble compounds which typically includes any hazardous contaminants which are present. As normally practiced, this dehydration/solvent extraction technology involves slurrying water‐wet waste in a hydrocarbon solvent which extracts indigenous oil from contaminated solid particles and concentrates it in the solvent phase. Dehydration also takes place during the treatment; water is evaporated and condensed as a separate product. Dry solids are reslurried in fresh solvent one or more additional times depending on the degree of extraction required. Extracted solids are centrifuged away from the solvent and residual solvent in the centrifuge cake vaporized off the final product solids stream in a desolventizer. Indigenous oil from the waste is separated from the solvent by distillation with recovered solvent being recycled to the process. For commercial applications, this process is very flexible in its ability to be efficiently adapted to waste processability and treatment objectives. For example, if the contaminants are very heavy organics like PCB's, they may be further concentrated in a portion of the indigenous oil such that only a very small highly concentrated contminant stream need be disposed of and uncontaminated oil may be recovered for a process credit. In some cases where the feed has a high water concentration, the dry solids need not be separated from the indigenous oil but they can be recovered/disposed of together. This dehydration/solvent extraction technology has been licensed to over 80 facilities over the past 30 years to solve waste disposal problems in a wide variety of fields. More than half of the plants were designed to dry and deoil slaghterhouse wastes (in rendering plants). The other units are used to evaporate water and extract indigenous oil from a broad spectrum of other materials, including municipal and industrial sewage sludges, wool scouring wastes, petrochemical sludges, wood‐pulp waste, pharmaceutical wastes, dairy and food products, textile wastes and animal manure. This paper discusses the C‐G Process flexibility and economics as applied to various hazardous waste examples including PCB contaminated sediments, soils and sludges, spent drilling fluids (U.S. EPA SITE Program), refinery wastes, manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites, etc.