gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clozapine response and the 5HT2C Cys23Ser polymorphism (1996)

The presence of the 5HT2C receptor allele, Ser23, has recently been reported to predict favorable response to the antipsychotic drug, clozapine. This finding is of interest as Ser23, compared with the more abundant Cys23, alters pharmacological characteristics of the receptor and therefore may provide insights into the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. We determined 5HT2C receptor genotype at the Cys23Ser locus in 66 subjects participating in double-blind studies of clozapine. There was no relationship between Ser23 and clozapine response (p = 0.30, Fisher's exact) nor was there any effect of Ser23 upon absolute levels of psychiatric symptoms after 10 weeks of clozapine treatment (t = -0.57, p = 0.57). These data suggest that this 5HT2C receptor polymorphism is not associated with clozapine response.
Insight of Schema Theory into Interpretation Practice (2007)

Schema is an important concept in cognitive psychology, referring to how different types of information are connected in our brain, and the process of activating stored information. In view of modem schema theory, this paper focuses on its application in the three stages of interpretation practice. Schema plays a role in preparation before interpretation, which includes enhancing the interpreter's linguistic competence, and enlarging his storage of background information; schema influences performance during interpretation in terms of comprehension and note-taking; summary after interpretation is to supplement original schema. With the guidance of schema theory, interpretation practice can be carried out in an effective way.
Exosomes maintain cellular homeostasis by excreting harmful DNA from cells (2017)

Emerging evidence is revealing that exosomes contribute to many aspects of physiology and disease through intercellular communication. However, the biological roles of exosome secretion in exosome-secreting cells have remained largely unexplored. Here we show that exosome secretion plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in exosome-secreting cells. The inhibition of exosome secretion results in the accumulation of nuclear DNA in the cytoplasm, thereby causing the activation of cytoplasmic DNA sensing machinery. This event provokes the innate immune response, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent DNA damage response and thus induce senescence-like cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis in normal human cells. These results, in conjunction with observations that exosomes contain various lengths of chromosomal DNA fragments, indicate that exosome secretion maintains cellular homeostasis by removing harmful cytoplasmic DNA from cells. Together, these findings enhance our understanding of exosome biology, and provide valuable new insights into the control of cellular homeostasis.
Tomato-based Functional Food as Interferon Adjuvant in HCV Eradication Therapy (2004)

Results demonstrated that the authors' functional food reduces the severity of ribavirin-related anemia and improves the tolerance to the full dose of ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Effects of hypochlorite exposure on morphology and trace organic contaminant rejection by NF/RO membranes (2014)

The impacts of membrane degradation due to chlorine attack on the rejection of inorganic salts and trace organic contaminants by nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were investigated in this study. The rejection of trace contaminants was examined at environmentally relevant concentrations. Changes in the membrane surface morphology were observed as a result of chlorine exposure. A small increase in rejection was consistently observed with all four membranes selected in this study after being exposed to a low concentration of hypochlorite (100 ppm). In contrast, a higher concentration of hypochlorite (i.e., 2000 ppm) could be detrimental to the membrane separation capacity. Membranes with severe chlorine impact showed a considerable decrease in rejection over filtration time, possibly due to rearrangement of the polyamide chains under the influence of chlorine degradation and filtration pressure. The reported results indicate that loose NF membranes are more sensitive to chlorine exposure than RO membranes. The impact of hypochlorite exposure (both positive and negative) on rejection is dependent on the strength of the hypochlorite solution and is more significant for the neutral carbamazepine compound than the negatively charged sulfamethoxazole.
Correlation based model validity tests for non-linear models (1986)

Correlation based model validity tests are derived that detect omitted linear and non-linear dynamic terms in estimated models.
Gain-scheduled control using voltage controlled oscillator with variable gain for a LLC resonant converter (2014)

This paper proposes gain-scheduled control using voltage controlled oscillator with variable gain for a LLC resonant converter to improve the dynamic performance. Considering the effect of switching frequency to the gain function of a LLC resonant converter, control loop gain is scheduled by voltage controlled oscillator with a frequency-dependent gain. The effective gain function for VCO is proposed, and a design example is presented. Enhancement in dynamic performance with the proposed method is verified by the comparison of experimental results with the conventional control method.
Rotor Blade Heat Transfer of High Pressure Turbine Stage Under Inlet Hot-Streak and Swirl (2014)

A key consideration in high pressure (HP) turbine designs is the heat load experienced by rotor blades. Impact of turbine inlet nonuniformity of combined temperature and velocity traverses, typical for a lean-burn combustor exit, has rarely been studied. For general turbine aerothermal designs, it is also of interest to understand how the behavior of lean-burn combustor traverses (with both hot-streak and swirl) might contrast with those for a rich-burn combustor (largely hot-streak only). In the present work, a computational study has been carried out on the aerothermal performance of a HP turbine stage under nonuniform temperature and velocity inlet profiles. The analyses are primarily conducted for two combined hot-streak and swirl inlets, with opposite swirl directions. In addition, comparisons are made against a hot-streak only case and a uniform inlet. The effects of three nozzle guide vane (NGV) shape configurations are investigated: straight, compound lean (CL) and reverse CL (RCL). The present results reveal a qualitative change in the roles played by heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and fluid driving (“adiabatic wall”) temperature, Taw. It has been shown that the blade heat load for a uniform inlet is dominated by HTC, whilst a hot-streak only case is largely influenced by Taw. However, in contrast to the hot-streak only case, a combined hot-streak and swirl case shows a role reversal with the HTC being a dominant factor. Additionally, it is seen that the swirling flow redistributes radially the hot fluid within the NGV passage considerably, leading to a much ‘flatter’ rotor inlet temperature profile compared to its hot-streak only counterpart. Furthermore, the rotor heat transfer characteristics for the combined traverses are shown to be strongly dependent on the NGV shaping and the inlet swirl direction, indicating a potential for further design space exploration. The present findings underline the need to clearly define relevant combustor exit temperature and velocity profiles when designing and optimizing NGVs for HP turbine aerothermal performance.
An Illumination Model for a Skin Layer Bounded by Rough Surfaces (2001)

In this paper we present a novel illumination model that takes into account multiple anisotropic scattering in a layer bounded by two rough surfaces. We compute the model by a discrete-ordinate solution of the equation of radiative transfer. This approach is orders of magnitude faster than a Monte Carlo simulation and does not suffer from any noisy artifacts. By fitting low order splines to our results we are able to build analytical shaders. This is highly desirable since animators typically want to texture map the parameters of such a shader for higher realism. We apply our model to the important problem of rendering human skin. Our model does not seem to have appeared before in the optics literature. Most previous models did not handle rough surfaces at the skins boundary. Also we introduce a simple analytical bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF) for an isotropic rough surface by generalizing the Cook-Torrance model.
NeuroPose: 3D Hand Pose Tracking using EMG Wearables (2021)

Ubiquitous finger motion tracking enables a number of exciting applications in augmented reality, sports analytics, rehabilitation-healthcare, haptics etc. This paper presents NeuroPose, a system that shows the feasibility of 3D finger motion tracking using a platform of wearable ElectroMyoGraphy (EMG) sensors. EMG sensors can sense electrical potential from muscles due to finger activation, thus offering rich information for fine-grained finger motion sensing. However converting the sensor information to 3D finger poses is non trivial since signals from multiple fingers superimpose at the sensor in complex patterns. Towards solving this problem, NeuroPose fuses information from anatomical constraints of finger motion with machine learning architectures on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Encoder-Decoder Networks, and ResNets to extract 3D finger motion from noisy EMG data. The generated motion pattern is temporally smooth as well as anatomically consistent. Furthermore, a transfer learning algorithm is leveraged to adapt a pretrained model on one user to a new user with minimal training overhead. A systematic study with 12 users demonstrates a median error of 6.24° and a 90%-ile error of 18.33° in tracking 3D finger joint angles. The accuracy is robust to natural variation in sensor mounting positions as well as changes in wrist positions of the user. NeuroPose is implemented on a smartphone with a processing latency of 0.101s, and a low energy overhead.
Augmented Responses to 5-HT2-Receptor-Mediated Vasoconstrictions in Atherosclerotic Rabbit Common Carotid Arteries (1995)

The vascular responses of isolated and perfused atherosclerotic rabbit common carotid arteries to 5-HT were investigated. Atherosclerotic lesions were produced by positioning a hollow silicone collar around the common carotid arteries of rabbits fed with an atherogenic diet for 4 weeks. After the period, we removed the vessels from operated and sham-operated rabbits fed with either the atherogenic diet or a normal diet for 4 weeks. The removed vessels were divided into four groups: a control group, a cuffed normal-diet-fed group, a sham-operated, cholesterol fed group, and a cuffed cholesterol-fed group. Vascular effects of 5-HT and its analogs (5-CT, a 5-HT1-like receptor agonist; alpha-methyl-5-HT, a 5-HT2 agonist; 8-OH-DPAT and TFMPP, 5-HT1 agonists) were investigated in each group. The vasoconstrictor responses to 5-HT, 5-CT and alpha-methyl-5-HT were enhanced in atherosclerotic vessels. Removal of the endothelium did not affect the vascular responses to 5-HT and its analogs. Because the responses were not enhanced in vessel from a cuffed normal-diet-fed group, we did not show the data of this group in figures and did not examine antagonism studies. Vasoconstrictor responses to these agonists were markedly inhibited in other three groups by ketanserin and spiperone (5-HT2 receptor antagonists), and methysergide (a 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist). 5-HT and its analogs did not show any vasodilatory action on phenylephrine-preconstricted preparations, which suggested that there were few functional 5-HT1 receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonvalue of cold enrichment of stools for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica serotypes 3 and 9 from patients (1980)

During an 8-year period 14,092 fecal specimens and 1,428 excised appendixes were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica, with different combinations of direct plating media and enrichment techniques. The combination of direct plating on SS agar and 2 days of enrichment in a modified Rappaport broth at room temperature resulted in the isolation of 100% of serotype 3 and 9 strains. Such strains were recovered from 3.7% of our fecal specimens. Cold enrichment in phosphate buffer further increased the isolation rate, but the additional isolates all belonged to biotype 1. Evidence is presented that biotype 1 strains, at least in Belgium, are not pathogenic for humans. There was a significant affinity of serotype 9 strains for patients suffering from an "appendicular syndrome."
High yield accelerated reactions in nonvolatile microthin films: chemical derivatization for analysis of single-cell intracellular fluid (2018)

The identification of trace components from biological media can require derivatization under mild conditions for successful analysis by mass spectrometry (MS). When aqueous droplets (<i>ca.</i> 500 nL) containing a sugar and an amine as reagents are allowed to evaporate they may form long-lasting microthin films in which derivatization reactions can occur fast relative to reaction rates in bulk solution. Evidence is presented that these reactions are heterogeneous in nature and comparisons are made with reactions in pastes and in neat reagent mixtures. Moreover, these thin film reactors can be made stable for the long periods of time that may be necessary to give high product yields. The situation is typified by imine formation from reducing sugars which have reaction times of much more than 1 hour provided that small concentrations (<i>e.g.</i> 20 ppm) of nonvolatile solvents are included. After evaporation of almost all the water, the reaction occurs at an approximately constant rate for the first hour. The rate is two orders of magnitude faster than the reaction in the corresponding homogeneous saturated bulk solution. Conversion of the reagent to the Schiff base product is 67% to 96% efficient in these long-lasting thin films, in sharp contrast to the corresponding derivatization efficiencies in the bulk of less than 1%. This method was used to chemically derivatize and thus to identify, using tandem mass spectrometry, 29 reducing sugars in <i>ca.</i> 1 nL of intracellular fluid from a single onion epidermis cell. A formal description of the kinetics of reversible and irreversible second order reactions in thin films is provided. The effects of thermodynamic and kinetic factors are separated and the measured apparent acceleration factor is shown to represent the ratio of intrinsic rate constants for the microthin film reactor relative to the bulk reaction.
Non-destructive evaluation of laminated composite plates using dielectrometry sensors (2009)

The use of composite materials in marine, aerospace and automotive applications is increasing; however, several kinds of damages of composite materials may influence its durability and future applications. In this paper, a methodology was presented for damage detection of laminated composite plates using dielectrometry sensors. The presence of damage in the laminated composite plate leads to changes in its dielectric characteristics, causing variation in the measured capacitance by the sensors. An analytical model was used to analyse the influence of different sensor parameters on the output signals and to optimize sensor design. Two-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations were performed to assess the validity of the analytical results and to evaluate other sensor design-related parameters. To experimentally verify the model, the dielectric permittivity of the composite plate was measured. In addition, a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminated plate containing pre-fabricated slots through its thickness to simulate delamination and water intrusion defects was inspected in a laboratory setting. Excellent agreements were found between the experimental capacitance response signals and those predicated from the FE simulations. This cost-effective technique can be used for rapid damage screening, regular scheduled inspection, or as a permanent sensor network within the composite system.
Electrodes for carbon nanotube devices by focused electron beam induced deposition of gold (2005)

Individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) often occur in randomly dispersed two-dimensional as well as three-dimensional configurations that make device fabrication difficult. Making electrical contact to such CNTs is of practical interest. To this end, we make contact to individual metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using the focused electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) of pure gold. The SWNTs are grown by chemical vapor deposition on a flat substrate, and the gold leads are made through FEBID using inorganic metallic precursor gas, chloro(trifluorophosphine)gold(I), or AuClPF3, in a high vacuum scanning electron microscope. The same scanning electron microscope is also used to image carbon nanotubes, allowing for simultaneous alignment. We find equivalent one-dimensional resistivities for the SWNTs of 10–15kΩ∕μm for both FEBID gold leads and leads deposited using conventional electron-beam lithography (EBL) and thermal evaporation of gold, suggesting similarly low contact resistances. We use electrostatic force microscopy to verify quantitatively similar contact resistances for one nanotube sample, 10(±6) and 54(±6)kΩ, for FEBID and EBL leads, respectively, with most voltage dropping across the long metallic SWNT.
Optical imaging using aperture synthesis (1979)

An optical stellar interferometer is described by means of which images may be obtained using the technique of aperture syntheisis. It consists of a number of mirrors and a single detector located at their common focus. Each mirror is endowed with a device to introduce a variable time delay in the optical path. By a suitable modulation of these time delays the cross correlations between the electric fields for each pair of mirrors can be deduced from different frequency components of the detector signal, these correlations being proportional to the Fourier transform of the intensity. It is possible to correct for “seeing” and instrumental errors.
Substrate integrated image guide (SIIG)-a planar dielectric waveguide technology for millimeter-wave applications (2006)

A synthesized version of the standard dielectric image guide, called the substrate integrated image guide (SIIG), is proposed and presented. It provides numerous advantages related to fabrication precision, design flexibility, and assembly cost, whereas it still retains the low-loss properties of its conventional counterpart in the millimeter-wave range. This is achieved by artificially lowering the effective dielectric permittivity around a guiding channel through cutting a periodic pattern of air holes in a single high-permittivity substrate. In this way, entire circuits including millimeter-wave components can be fabricated and assembled subsequently by a lamination process. Details on the propagation properties of the SIIG and design rules are presented. Two different simulation approaches, which have proven useful for analysis are described, and theoretical results are validated by measurements of fabricated prototypes. It is shown that guide attenuation values as low as 35 dB/m or 0.07 dB//spl lambda//sub g/ at 94 GHz can be obtained in practice with high-resistivity silicon as a substrate material.
Rising incidence and prevalence of primary biliary cirrhosis: a large population‐based study (2014)

Incidence and prevalence rates of PBC are increasing over time. PBC was not found to be associated with smoking, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy or number of pregnancies.
Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: a parametric analysis of factors affecting image quality (2004)

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging utilizes brief, high energy, focused acoustic pulses to generate radiation force in tissue, and conventional diagnostic ultrasound methods to detect the resulting tissue displacements in order to image the mechanical properties of tissue. The goal of this work was to perform a parametric analysis of the effect of system parameters and target characteristics on image quality. METHODS: FEM simulations and phantom experiments have been performed using varying system configurations and tissue properties to determine their impact on ARFI image quality. Phantom experimental results were utilized to validate the FEM models. RESULTS: Matched simulation and FEM experiments support the validity of the FEM model. Due to the dynamic nature of ARFI excitation, lesion contrast is temporally dependent. Contrast efficiencies (CE) were computed immediately after force cessation, prior to appreciable wave propagation. CE does not vary with applied force, increases with lesion stiffness, and increases as the forcing volume size decreases with respect to the size of the structure being imaged. CONCLUSIONS: The response of tissue to ARFI excitation is complex and depends upon tissue geometry, forcing function geometry, and tissue mechanical and acoustic properties. These studies indicate that improved contrast in ARFI images will be achieved as forcing volume size decreases relative to the structure being imaged. Frame rate and thermal considerations present tradeoffs with small load volume sizes for ARFI imaging.
Adhesion and surface forces in polymer tribology—A review (2018)

Polymer tribology is a fast growing area owing to increasing applications of polymers and polymer composites in industry, transportation, and many other areas of economy. Surface forces are very important for polymer contact, but the real origin of such forces has not been fully investigated. Strong adhesive interaction between polymers leads to an increase in the friction force, and hence, the asperities of the material may be removed to form wear particles or transfer layers on the counterface. The theory of polymer adhesion has not been completely elucidated yet and several models of adhesion have been proposed from the physical or chemical standpoints. This paper is focused on the research efforts on polymer adhesion with emphasis on adhesion mechanisms, which are very important in the analysis of polymer friction and wear.