gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of feed source in the hot water processing of Utah tar sand (1979)

The processing strategy for the effective separation of bitumen from low grade ( 10% by wt bitumen) Utah tar sands. Excellent separations (coefficient of separation = 0.9) can be achieved for high grade Utah tar sands by intense hot water digestion, followed by a modified froth flotation step. Such a technique is ineffective for low grade tar sands. In order to change the characteristics of the low grade tar sand, an attempt was made to enrich the bitumen content of the feed to < 10% by wt by recycle of bitumen concentration to the digestion stage. However, the quality of the separation was not improved under these circumstances. Similarly, feed enrichment by heat treating the low grade feed with recycled concentrate prior to digestion did not improve the separation. More successful separations of low grade Utah tar sands were finally achieved by modification of the viscosity of the low grade bitumen with controlled addition of diluent. 20 references.
HS601HP spin stabilization using a transverse wheel for any inertia ratio (1998)

Hughes recently launched the first of a series of satellites featuring a patented control strategy capable of stabilizing spin about a given S/C axis, regardless of spin-to-transverse inertia ratio. The control system, which functions during the ascent phase of the mission, makes use of on-station control hardware - a gyro and a transverse reaction wheel - to stabilize spin. This is believed to be the first instance of stabilization of spin with arbitrary inertia ratio using a single transverse wheel. For stability reasons, these satellites are the first Hughes satellites to spin negatively in transfer orbit. It is paradoxical that, for some inertia ratios, negative spin can be stabilized when positive spin cannot. It is also interesting to note that in such cases, even the negative spin, though stable, may be technically uncontrollable at one point in the mission. The paper discusses the history of active spin control and establishes some global principles for spin stabilization using a single wheel. It presents theory, design, and flight experience of the HS601HP active spin controller and contrasts it to prior solutions. Finally, ground simulations and flight telemetry are presented and compared.
Brillouin scattering properties of lanthano–aluminosilicate optical fiber (2014)

Utilizing measurements on a lanthano-aluminosilicate core optical fiber, the specific effects of lanthana (La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) on the Brillouin characteristics of silica-based oxide glass optical fibers are described. Lanthana is an interesting species to investigate since it possesses a wide transparency window covering the common fiber laser and telecom system wavelengths. As might be expected, it is found that the properties of lanthana are very similar to those of ytterbia (Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), namely, low acoustic velocity, wide Brillouin spectral width, and a negative photoelastic constant, with the latter two properties affording significant reductions to the Brillouin gain coefficient. However, lanthana possesses thermo-acoustic and strain-acoustic coefficients (acoustic velocity versus temperature or strain, TAC and SAC, respectively) with signs that are opposed to those of ytterbia. The lanthano-aluminosilicate (SAL) fiber utilized in this study is Brillouin-athermal (no dependence of the Brillouin frequency on temperature), but not atensic (is dependent upon the strain), which is believed to be, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of such a glass fiber utilizing a compositional engineering approach.
Changing the scan enable during shift (2004)

This paper extends the reconfigurable shared scan-in architecture (RSSA) to provide additional ability to change values on the scan configuration signals (scan enable signals) during the scan operation on a per-shift basis. We show that the extra flexibility of reconfiguring the scan chains every shift cycle reduces the number of different configurations required by RSSA while keeping test coverage the same. In addition a simpler analysis can be used to construct the scan chains. This is the first paper of its kind that treats the scan enable signal as a test data signal during the scan operation of a test pattern. Results are presented on some ISCAS as well as industrial circuits.
mQRCode (2019)

Quick response (QR) codes are becoming pervasive due to their rapid readability and the popularity of smartphones with built-in cameras. QR codes are also gaining importance in the retail sector as a convenient mobile payment method. However, researchers have concerns regarding the security of QR codes, which leave users susceptible to financial loss or private information leakage. In this study, we addressed this issue by developing a novel QR code (called mQRCode), which exploits patterns presenting a specific spatial frequency as a form of camouflage. When the targeted receiver holds a camera in a designated position (e.g., directly in front at a distance of 30 cm from the camouflaged QR code), the original QR code is revealed in form of a Moire pattern. From any other position, only the camouflaged QR code can be seen. In experiments, the decryption rate of mQRCode was > 98.6% within 10.2 frames via a multi-frame decryption method. The decryption rate for cameras positioned 20° off axis or > 10cm away from the designated location dropped to 0%, indicating that mQRCode is robust against attacks.
Using component features for face recognition (2004)

We explore different strategies for classifier combination within the framework of component-based face recognition. In our current system, the gray values of facial components are concatenated to a single feature vector which is then fed into the face recognition classifier. As an alternative, we suggest to train recognition classifiers on each of the components separately and then combine their outputs using the following three strategies: voting, sum of outputs, and product of outputs. We also propose a novel Bayesian method which weighs the classifier outputs prior to their combination. In experiments on two face databases, we evaluate the different strategies and compare them to our existing recognition system.
Transoral robotic surgery: role in the management of upper aerodigestive tract tumors. (2012)

The toxicity associated with concomitant chemoradiation for the management of laryngeal and pharyngeal carcinoma has been well documented. Minimally invasive surgical techniques offer the potential to extirpate the malignancy as a single-modality therapy and provide essential information that may direct subsequent treatment. In selected patients, radiation doses may be reduced and systemic chemotherapy may be withheld after tumor extirpation. Transoral laser microsurgery has proven effective, although inability to manipulate and suture tissue by this modality limits ablation and reconstruction of extensive defects. Transoral robotic surgery is a relatively new technique that provides several unique advantages, which include a 3-dimensional magnified view, ability to see and work around curves or angles, and the availability of 2 or 3 robotic arms that can be used to reconstruct extensive defects using either local, regional, or free flaps. Preliminary data suggest that transoral robotic surgery may provide a technique for ablation and reconstruction of pharyngeal defects that may be superior to other transoral techniques. It may also provide a means for personalizing therapy for oropharyngeal and supraglottic carcinoma.
Dissimilarity representations in lung parenchyma classification (2009)

A good problem representation is important for a pattern recognition system to be successful. The traditional approach to statistical pattern recognition is feature representation. More specifically, objects are represented by a number of features in a feature vector space, and classifiers are built in this representation. This is also the general trend in lung parenchyma classification in computed tomography (CT) images, where the features often are measures on feature histograms. Instead, we propose to build normal density based classifiers in dissimilarity representations for lung parenchyma classification. This allows for the classifiers to work on dissimilarities between objects, which might be a more natural way of representing lung parenchyma. In this context, dissimilarity is defined between CT regions of interest (ROI)s. ROIs are represented by their CT attenuation histogram and ROI dissimilarity is defined as a histogram dissimilarity measure between the attenuation histograms. In this setting, the full histograms are utilized according to the chosen histogram dissimilarity measure. We apply this idea to classification of different emphysema patterns as well as normal, healthy tissue. Two dissimilarity representation approaches as well as different histogram dissimilarity measures are considered. The approaches are evaluated on a set of 168 CT ROIs using normal density based classifiers all showing good performance. Compared to using histogram dissimilarity directly as distance in a emph{k} nearest neighbor classifier, which achieves a classification accuracy of $92.9%$, the best dissimilarity representation based classifier is significantly better with a classification accuracy of 97.0% ($text{emph{p" border="0" class="imgtopleft"> = 0.046$).
Ultrasonic/sonic driller/corer as a hammer-rotary drill (2007)

Rock, soil, and ice penetration by coring, drilling or abrading is of great importance for a large number of space and earth applications. Proven techniques to sample Mars subsurface will be critical for future NASA astrobiology missions that will search for past and present life on the planet. The Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corer (USDC) has been developed as an adaptable tool for many of these applications [Bar-Cohen et al., 2001]. The USDC uses a novel drive mechanism to transform the ultrasonic or sonic vibrations of the tip of a horn into a sonic hammering of a drill bit through an intermediate free-flying mass. For shallow drilling the cuttings travel outside the hole due to acoustic vibrations of the bit. Various methods to enhance the drilling/coring depth of this device have been considered including pneumatic [Badescu et al., 2006] and bit rotation [Chang et al., 2006]. The combination of bit rotation at low speed for cuttings removal and bit hammering at sonic frequencies are described in this paper. The theoretical background and testing results are presented.
Potential of Cranberry Powder for Management of Hyperglycemia Using <i>In Vitro</i> Models (2010)

Aqueous solutions of two different cranberry powders (CP and CP-SAB) were evaluated for organic acids, sugars, total phenolics, antioxidant activity based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, and functionality such as in vitro inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) relevant for potential management of hyperglycemia and hypertension linked to type 2 diabetes. The total phenolics content was 11 and 51 mg/g of sample dry weight for CP and CP-SAB, respectively. p-Coumaric acid and quercetin derivatives were the main phenolic compounds identified in the cranberry powders. CP-SAB had α-glucosidase inhibitory activity that increased with increased dose (1-5 mg/mL) from 60% to 100% inhibition. There was limited amount of α-amylase inhibitory activity that reached a maximum of 40% inhibition at 5 mg/mL treatment. Significant ACE inhibitory activity was detected for CP-SAB at 100 and 200 mg/mL sample concentrations. These in vitro results indicate the potential of cranberry powders as dietary supplement and food-based strategies for potential hyperglycemia management. This biochemical rationale provides the basis for further design of animal and clinical studies using standardized extracts.
Folylpolyglutamyl Synthetase Gene Transfer and Glioma Antifolate Sensitivity in Culture and In Vivo (1999)

FPGS gene delivery enhances the antifolate sensitivity of several glioma cell lines and merits further evaluation as a therapeutic strategy.
A Multiple-Substream Unequal Error-Protection and Error-Concealment Algorithm for SPIHT-Coded Video Bitstreams (2004)

This paper presents a coordinated multiple-substream unequal error-protection and error-concealment algorithm for SPIHT-coded bitstreams transmitted over lossy channels. In the proposed scheme, we divide the video sequence corresponding to a group of pictures into two subsequences and independently encode each subsequence using a three-dimensional SPIHT algorithm. We use two different partitioning schemes to generate the substreams, each of which offers some advantages under the appropriate channel condition. Each substream is protected by an FEC-based unequal error-protection algorithm, which assigns unequal forward error correction codes to each bit plane. Any information that is lost during the transmission for any substream is estimated at the receiver by using the correlation between the substreams and the smoothness of the video signal. Simulation results show that the proposed multiple-substream UEP algorithm is simple, fast, and robust in hostile network conditions, and that the proposed error-concealment algorithm can achieve 2-3-dB PSNR gain over the case when error concealment is not used at high packet-loss rates.
Data from TOP2A and EZH2 Provide Early Detection of an Aggressive Prostate Cancer Subgroup (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Current clinical parameters do not stratify indolent from aggressive prostate cancer. Aggressive prostate cancer, defined by the progression from localized disease to metastasis, is responsible for the majority of prostate cancer–associated mortality. Recent gene expression profiling has proven successful in predicting the outcome of prostate cancer patients; however, they have yet to provide targeted therapy approaches that could inhibit a patient's progression to metastatic disease.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> We have interrogated a total of seven primary prostate cancer cohorts (<i>n</i> = 1,900), two metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer datasets (<i>n</i> = 293), and one prospective cohort (<i>n</i> = 1,385) to assess the impact of <i>TOP2A</i> and <i>EZH2</i> expression on prostate cancer cellular program and patient outcomes. We also performed IHC staining for TOP2A and EZH2 in a cohort of primary prostate cancer patients (<i>n</i> = 89) with known outcome. Finally, we explored the therapeutic potential of a combination therapy targeting both TOP2A and EZH2 using novel prostate cancer–derived murine cell lines.</p><p><b>Results:</b> We demonstrate by genome-wide analysis of independent primary and metastatic prostate cancer datasets that concurrent TOP2A and EZH2 mRNA and protein upregulation selected for a subgroup of primary and metastatic patients with more aggressive disease and notable overlap of genes involved in mitotic regulation. Importantly, TOP2A and EZH2 in prostate cancer cells act as key driving oncogenes, a fact highlighted by sensitivity to combination-targeted therapy.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Overall, our data support further assessment of TOP2A and EZH2 as biomarkers for early identification of patients with increased metastatic potential that may benefit from adjuvant or neoadjuvant targeted therapy approaches. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 7072–83. ©2017 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Application-layer multicast for mobile users in diverse networks (2004)

As multicast services become prevalent, it is important to find viable solutions for multicasting to mobile nodes. This problem is complicated by the necessity to support multicast services over existing backbone and access networks which may have varying network and/or link layer multicasting capabilities. While most work on supporting multicast services focuses on the IP layer solution, we propose an application-layer approach for providing multicast services to mobile users traversing networks with diverse multicast capabilities. We propose placing multicast proxies in the backbone and access networks to support several multicast-related functions at the application layer including the creation of virtual networks for dynamically tunneling through non-multicast-capable networks. We describe our proposed application-layer multicast architecture and its advantages to third-party service providers for multicasting to mobile users in diverse networks.
Improved Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems with Synchronization Errors and Back-Off (2006)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, synchronization errors in the receiver cause a linear phase rotation at the output of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) block. The correlation between the channel coefficients at different subcarriers is weakened due to this phase rotation. As a result, the performance of minimum mean-square error (MMSE) channel estimation degrades significantly. In this paper, we propose two novel algorithms to improve MMSE channel estimation under synchronization errors. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the proposed algorithms with that of the conventional algorithm.
Quantitative Analysis of Uranium in Aqueous Solutions Using a Semiconductor Laser-Based Spectroscopic Method (2013)

A simple analytical method based on the simultaneous measurement of the luminescence of hexavalent uranium ions (U(VI)) and the Raman scattering of water, was investigated for determining the concentration of U(VI) in aqueous solutions. Both spectra were measured using a cw semiconductor laser beam at a center wavelength of 405 nm. The empirical calibration curve for the quantitative analysis of U(VI) was obtained by measuring the ratio of the luminescence intensity of U(VI) at 519 nm to the Raman scattering intensity of water at 469 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) in the parts per billion range and a dynamic range from the LOD up to several hundred parts per million were achieved. The concentration of uranium in groundwater determined by this method is in good agreement with the results determined by kinetic phosphorescence analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Anticancer Cyclometalated [Au<sup>III</sup><sub><i>m</i></sub>(C<sup>∧</sup>N<sup>∧</sup>C)<sub><i>m</i></sub>L]<sup><i>n</i>+</sup> Compounds: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Properties (2006)

A series of cyclometalated gold(III) compounds [Au(m)(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)mL]n+ (m = 1-3; n = 0-3; HC(wedge)N(wedge)CH = 2,6-diphenylpyridine) was prepared by ligand substitution reaction of L with N-donor or phosphine ligands. The [Au(m)(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)mL]n+ compounds are stable in solution in the presence of glutathione. Crystal structures of the gold(III) compounds containing bridging bi- and tridentate phosphino ligands reveal the presence of weak intramolecular pi pi stacking between the [Au(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)]+ units. Results of MTT assays demonstrated that the [Au(m)(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)mL]n+ compounds containing nontoxic N-donor auxiliary ligands (2) exert anticancer potency comparable to that of cisplatin, with IC50 values ranging from 1.5 to 84 microM. The use of [Au(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)(1-methylimidazole)]+ (2 a) as a model compound revealed that the gold(III)-induced cytotoxicity occurs through an apoptotic cell-death pathway. The cell-free interaction of 2 a with double-stranded DNA was also examined. Absorption titration showed that 2 a binds to calf-thymus DNA (ctDNA) with a binding constant of 4.5 x 10(5) dm3 mol(-1) at 298 K. Evidence from gel-mobility-shift assays and viscosity measurements supports an intercalating binding mode for the 2 a-DNA interaction. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that 2 a causes S-phase cell arrest after incubation for 24 and 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of 3 b-g toward cancer cells (IC50 = 0.04-4.3 microM) correlates to that of the metal-free phosphine ligands (IC50 = 0.1-38.0 microM), with [Au2(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)2(mu-dppp)]2+ (3 d) and dppp (dppp = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) being the most cytotoxic gold(III) and metal-free compounds, respectively. Compound 3 d shows a cytotoxicity at least ten-fold higher than the other gold(III) analogues; in vitro cellular-uptake experiments reveal similar absorptions for all the gold(III) compounds into nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (SUNE1) (1.18-3.81 ng/cell; c.f., 3 d = 2.04 ng/cell), suggesting the presence of non-gold-mediated cytotoxicity. Unlike 2 a, both gold(III) compounds [Au(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)(PPh3)]+ (3 a) (PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) and [Au2(C(wedge)N(wedge)C)2(mu-dppp)]2+ (3 d) interact only weakly with ctDNA and do not arrest the cell cycle.
Electromicrobial Reduction Using Yeasts (1983)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983 , 463. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198304630
Immunoreactive adrenomedullin in human plasma (1994)

A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for adrenomedullin has been developed. Half-maximal inhibition of binding of radioiodinated adrenomedullin was observed at 4 fmol/tube. The radioimmunoassay recognized the entire adrenomedullin molecule and has little crossreactivity with adrenomedullin fragment peptides. Adrenomedullin-like immunoreactivity was found to circulate in human plasma at considerable concentration (3.3 +/- 0.39 fmol/ml). The immunoreactivity of adrenomedullin was eluted at almost the same position as synthetic adrenomedullin on gel-filtration chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, suggesting that circulating adrenomedullin recognized by the present radioimmunoassay is identical or very similar to authentic adrenomedullin. Plasma immunoreactive adrenomedullin significantly increased in patients with hypertension, with a progressive rise proportionate to disease severity.
Elastic properties of modified pbtio<sub>3</sub>ceramics with zero temperature coefficients (1982)

Abstract Lead titanate PbTiO3 ceramics, with a zero temperature coefficient of surface acoustic wave delay time (TCD), have been developed by substituting appropriate amounts of Nd, Mn and In. The elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants, and their temperature coefficients, are measured for these ceramics using resonance methods. The TCD is numerically analyzed using the measured data. It is found that their temperature coefficients of elastic stiffness constants, C E 11 C E 12, C E 13, and C E 33 are all positive, though that of C E 44 is a small negative value. It is also found that these unusual temperature characteristics cause the TCD to reduce to zero.
Highly linear and efficient asymmetrical Doherty power amplifiers with adaptively bias-controlled predistortion drivers (2009)

A highly linear and efficient asymmetrical Doherty power amplifier (ADPA) with adaptively bias-controlled predistortion drivers (PDDs) is represented for 2.14-GHz wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) repeater systems. The ADPA shows the extended efficiency range by using unequal saturation powers of the main carrier and peaking cells. The driving carrier and peaking cells are used as the PDDs with the adaptive gate bias control to improve the linearity of the ADPA. To verify the proposed method, two 2-W GaN HEMTs and two 20-W GaN HEMTs are used as the driving and main cells, respectively. For a one-carrier WCDMA signal, the ADPA with PDDs produces an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of -51.5 dBc with a total drain efficiency of 27.9% and a total gain of 28.7 dB by adaptively controlling the gate biases of PDDs. For the asymmetrical class-F DPA with PDDs, an ACLR of -38.2 dBc is achieved the total drain efficiency of 37.2 % and a total gain of 26.5 dB.