gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MULTI-PLAN RETRIEVAL AND ADAPTATION IN AN EXPERIENCE-BASED AGENT (1996)

To address these issues, we propose a theory of experience-based agency which specifies how an agent with the ability to richly represent and store its experiences could remember those experiences with a context-sensitive, asynchronous memory, incorporate the relevant portions of those experiences into its reasoning on demand w ith integration mechanisms, and direct memory and reasoning through the use of a utility-based control mechanism. We have implemented this theory in the NICOLE multistrategy reasoning system and are currently using it to explore the problem of merging multiple past planning experiences. N ICOLE’S control system allows memory and reasoning to proceed in parallel; the asyn chronous and context-sensitive nature of that memory system allows NICOLE to return a “best guess” retrie val immediately and then to update that retrieval whenever new cues become available. But solving the problem of merging planning experiences requires more than just memory and control. We need mechanisms to integrate new retrieved plans into the planner’s current reasoning context whenever they are found; to en sure that those new retr ieved plans are useful, we need ways to use the planner’s current context to generate new cues that can help guide the memory system’s search. To solve these subproblems, we have developed the Multi-Plan Adaptor (MPA) algorithm, a novel method for merging partial-order plans in the context of casebased least-commitment planning. MPA allows the merging of arbitrary numbers of plans at any point during the adaptation process; it achieves this by dynamically extracting relevant case subparts and splicing those subpart s into partially completed plan s. MPA can also help guide retrieval by extracting intermediate goal statements from partial plans. In this chapter, we briefly review the properties of the real world that present challenges for the design of intelligent agents, examining in particular the need to combine past planning experiences. We then review our theory of experience-based agency and its implementation in the NICOLE system. We present the MPA algorithm, illustrate how it supports the merging of plans at any point during the adaptation pro cess, and describe its foundations in leastcommitment case-based planning. We then discuss how MPA can be integrated into various
Modulating Neuromuscular Junction Density Changes in Botulinum Toxin–Treated Orbicularis Oculi Muscle (2010)

The return of function after botulinum toxin-induced muscle paralysis is due to terminal sprouting and formation of new neuromuscular junctions within the paralyzed muscles. Injection with CRF or anti-IGFIR after botulinum toxin treatment prevents this sprouting, which in turn should increase the duration of effectiveness of single botulinum toxin treatments. Future physiology studies will address this. Prolonging botulinum toxin's clinical efficacy should decrease the number of injections needed for patient muscle spasm relief, decreasing the risk of negative side effects and changes in drug effectiveness that often occurs over a lifetime of botulinum toxin exposure.
Bacterial toxin RelE induces apoptosis in human cells (2002)

The bacterial protein RelE severely restricts prokaryotic cell growth, probably by acting as a global inhibitor of translation. It is ubiquitous in prokaryotes as part of the RelE-RelB toxin-antitoxin system, and may be activated by nutritional stress. When the relE gene from Escherichia coli was expressed inducibly in a human osteosarcoma cell line, it was shown to retard growth and to lead to cell death by apoptosis. RelE is therefore unusual among bacterial toxins in possessing broad activity against both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, perhaps by acting on evolutionarily conserved components of the translation machinery.
Further evidence for the existence of a specific process for the membrane transport of anandamide (2004)

Indirect evidence for the existence of a specific protein-mediated process for the cellular uptake of endocannabinoids has been reported, but recent results suggested that such a process, at least for AEA [ N -arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide)], is facilitated uniquely by its intracellular hydrolysis by FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase) [Glaser, Abumrad, Fatade, Kaczocha, Studholme and Deutsch (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 4269-4274]. In the present study, we show that FAAH alone cannot account for the facilitated diffusion of AEA across the cell membrane. In particular, (i) using a short incubation time (90 s) to avoid AEA hydrolysis by FAAH, AEA accumulation into rat basophilic leukaemia or C6 cells was saturable at low microM concentrations of substrate and non-saturable at higher concentrations; (ii) time-dependent and, at low microM concentrations of substrate, saturable AEA accumulation was observed also using mouse brain synaptosomes; (iii) using synaptosomes prepared from FAAH-deficient mice, saturable AEA accumulation was still observed, although with a lower efficacy; (iv) when 36 AEA and N -oleoylethanolamine analogues, most of which with phenyl rings in the polar head group region, were tested as inhibitors of AEA cellular uptake, strict structural and stereochemical requirements were needed to observe significant inhibition, and in no case the inhibition of FAAH overlapped with the inhibition of AEA uptake; and (v) AEA biosynthesis by cells and sensory neurons was followed by AEA release, and this latter process, which cannot be facilitated by FAAH, was still blocked by an inhibitor of AEA uptake. We suggest that at least one protein different from FAAH is required to facilitate AEA transport across the plasma membrane in a selective and bi-directional way.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: Preliminary observations on the influences of dose, schedule, and route of administration in patients receiving cyclophosphamide and carboplatin (1992)

Our observations suggest that GMCSF should be administered SC in doses of approximately 5 micrograms/kg every 12 hours for 10-14 days beginning the day after chemotherapy. Prechemotherapy priming with these same doses for four additional days (days -6 to -3) may additionally ameliorate postchemotherapy leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, but with increased risk of toxicity.
4D printing of shape memory polylactic acid (PLA) (2021)

Additive manufacturing has attracted much attention in the last decade as a principal growing sector of complex manufacturing. Precise layer-by-layer patterning of materials gives rise to novel designs and fabrication strategies that were previously not possible to realize with conventional techniques. Using suitable materials and organized variation in the printing settings, parts with time-dependent shapes that can be tuned through environmental stimuli can be realized. Given that these parts can either change their shape over time to a pre-programmed three-dimensional shape or revert to an initial design, this process has become referred to as four-dimensional (4D) printing. In this regard, the commonly-used polylactic acid (PLA) polymer has been recognized as a compelling material candidate for 4D printing as it is a biobased polymer with great shape memory behavior that can be employed in the design and manufacturing of a broad range of smart products. In this review, we investigate the material properties and shape memory behavior of PLA polymer in the first section. Then, we discuss the potential of PLA for 4D printing, including the principles underlying the strategy for PLA-based printing of self-folding structures. The resulting materials exhibit response to environmental stimulus as well as temperature, magnetic field, or light. We additionally discuss the impact of geometrical design and printing conditions on the functionality of the final printed products.
An Overview of Tuning Techniques for Frequency-Agile Antennas (2012)

Frequency-agile antennas can be designed to switch between a set of discrete frequencies, or to be tuned over a continuous range of frequencies. Methods for achieving discrete or continuous frequency tuning can be grouped into three categories: mechanical actuation, tunable materials, and integrated electronic devices. Example tuning techniques in each class are presented, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of each method.
CIT-1: A New Molecular Sieve with Intersecting Pores Bounded by 10- and 12-Rings (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCIT-1: A New Molecular Sieve with Intersecting Pores Bounded by 10- and 12-RingsRaul F. Lobo and Mark E. DavisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 13, 3766–3779Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00118a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00118a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1283Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
What You Submit Is Who You Are: A Multimodal Approach for Deanonymizing Scientific Publications (2014)

The peer-review system of most academic conferences relies on the anonymity of both the authors and reviewers of submissions. In particular, with respect to the authors, the anonymity requirement is heavily disputed and pros and cons are discussed exclusively on a qualitative level. In this paper, we contribute a quantitative argument to this discussion by showing that it is possible for a machine to reveal the identity of authors of scientific publications with high accuracy. We attack the anonymity of authors using statistical analysis of multiple heterogeneous aspects of a paper, such as its citations, its writing style, and its content. We apply several multilabel, multiclass machine learning methods to model the patterns exhibited in each feature category for individual authors and combine them to a single ensemble classifier to deanonymize authors with high accuracy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach that exploits multiple categories of discriminative features and uses multiple, partially complementing classifiers in a single, focused attack on the anonymity of the authors of an academic publication. We evaluate our author identification framework, deAnon, based on a real-world data set of 3894 papers. From these papers, we target 1405 productive authors that each have at least three publications in our data set. Our approach returns a ranking of probable authors for anonymous papers, an ordering for guessing the authors of a paper. In our experiments, following this ranking, the first guess corresponds to one of the authors of a paper in 39.7% of the cases, and at least one of the authors is among the top 10 guesses in 65.6% of all cases. Thus, deAnon significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art techniques for automatic deanonymization.
Biological and clinical significance of DNA damage in the male germ line (2008)

DNA damage is a common feature of human spermatozoa with purported links to poor rates of conception, impaired embryonic development, an increased incidence of miscarriage and the appearance of various kinds of morbidity in the offspring including childhood cancer. However, difficulties in interpretation arise, because these associations are not consistently observed across all data sets. Such inconsistency reflects the inherent complexity of the reproductive process, large variations in sample size, differences in patient selection, inadequate study design as well as inter-individual differences in the type of DNA damage being detected and the effectiveness of repair mechanisms in the oocyte. This review considers the type, source and measurement of DNA damage in human spermatozoa. It also addresses the clinical utility of the information generated in such studies, and highlights areas where further research is needed to bridge the gap between an intriguing biological phenomenon and the evidence-based clinical management of male patients characterized by high levels of DNA damage in their spermatozoa.
Increase urinary hepatocyte growth factor excretion in human acute renal failure. (1997)

Studies in animals suggest that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is an important mediator of kidney development, compensatory growth and tubule repair following acute injury, however, evidence for HGF action in human renal disease is scant. To determine whether increased renal production of HGF occurs in man, urine HGF excretion rate was measured in normals and in patients with a variety of acute and chronic renal diseases. Urine samples were collected from 9 healthy individuals, 25 individuals with acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 20 individuals with chronic glomerular disease, 9 patients with polycystic kidney disease and 10 individuals with severe chronic renal failure not yet receiving renal replacement therapy. Samples were initially frozen and then HGF content measured by ELISA and factored for creatinine concentration measured by autoanalyzer. Detectable but low levels of HGF were found in the urine of normals and in patients with chronic glomerular or polycystic disease. Levels were also not increased in patients with advanced, chronic renal insufficiency. In contrast, a marked increase in urine HGF was observed in patients with acute renal failure. In addition, HGF excretion tended to correlate with disease severity as higher levels were observed in patients with oliguric ATN. Urine HGF levels declined to control values in patients recovering from ATN, generally within one week. These findings are consistent with a role for HGF in promoting tubule cell proliferation, differentiation and recovery from acute tubular injury in man.
On Arc Connectivity of Direct‐Product Digraphs (2012)

Four natural orientations of the direct product of two digraphs are introduced in this paper. Sufficient and necessary conditions for these orientations to be strongly connected are presented, as well as an explicit expression of the arc connectivity of a class of direct‐product digraphs.
Structural Features of Li <scp>PON</scp> Glasses Determined by 1D and 2D <sup>31</sup> P <scp>MAS NMR</scp> (2015)

The relationships between structure and electrical properties of nitrided lithium phosphate glasses (Li PON ) used as electrolytes for lithium batteries are key issues for better understanding and design of these materials. For the first time, the effect of nitrogen introduction in the structure of lithium phosphorus oxynitride glasses, formulated over a wide range of composition 38–55 mol.% of Li 2 O, has been studied through 31 P 1D/2D MAS NMR experiments. Information obtained from 2D 31 P/ 31 P correlation maps has been used to deconvolute the 1D 31 P NMR spectra and allowed establishing the percentage of oxide phosphate groups ( PO 4 ) and phosphorus species with nitrogen (P(O,N) 4 ) as well as the connectivity scheme of the phosphate network. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the lithium content affects the structural changes induced by the introduction of nitrogen. In particular, the lower the lithium content is, the lower the total percentage of nitrided P(O,N) 4 species is.
Use of Highly Active Pozzolans for Reducing Expansion in Concretes Containing Reactive Aggregates (1976)

Since it takes only a small amount of reactive aggregate to cause deterioration of concrete due to the alkali-silicate reaction, vast deposits of aggregates throughout the world are in danger of being rejected as undesirable for use in concrete unless acceptable corrective measures are found. Although addition of commonly available pozzolans can effectively reduce the expansion associated with the alkali-silicate reaction, the quantity of pozzolan needed for this purpose is generally large enough to influence adversely the water demand and thereby the concrete quality. In this study the use of a highly active pozzolan, namely, rice hull ash, is compared with a normal pozzolan for reducing the alkali-silicate expansion. Whereas 25 percent of the latter by weight of the cementing material was required to reduce the expansion in the ASTM Test for Effectiveness of Mineral Admixtures in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (C 441-69) mortar by 90 percent, only 10 percent of the former was sufficient to obtain the same degree of effectiveness in reducing the expansion. Laboratory tests on concrete mixes containing the corresponding proportions of the pozzolans showed that, when compared with the control concrete, the mix containing the rice hull ash did not show strength loss at three and seven days whereas the mix containing the normal pozzolan showed severe strength loss at early ages.
The biology of ovarian cancer. (1998)

The biology of ovarian cancer broadly defined covers essentially all aspects of the disease from how it arises to how it responds to chemotherapy, often becomes refractory to treatment, and ultimately kills the patient. In this article, we take the liberty of discussing many of these issues to some degree in context of the "natural/clinical" history/biology of the disease. We focus on concepts of how the disease develops, efforts to identify histologic changes that may precede the development of overt ovarian cancer, efforts to define how the growth and function of the normal ovarian surface epithelium are regulated to gain insights into how aberrant function of these pathways may contribute to the initiation of the disease, molecular biological studies on clinical ovarian cancer specimens, efforts to experimentally induce the malignant transformation of ovarian surface epithelial cells, and efforts to understand why ovarian cancer is often initially responsive to chemotherapy but ultimately becomes refractory.
Cyclooxygenase-2 induction and prostaglandin E2 accumulation in squamous cell carcinoma as a consequence of epidermal growth factor receptor activation by imatinib mesylate. (2004)

Imatinib mesylate is a novel anti-tumor agent useful in the clinical management of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors with minimal toxicity relative to other forms of cancer therapy. Its clinical activity and minimal toxicity are related to specific inhibition of cellular targets including BCR-ABL, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and c-kit kinases, resulting in the collapse of downstream signaling cascades important for transformation. In some patients, unexpected toxicities arise that are not associated with inhibition of any known cellular imatinib target. In this report, we investigated the effects of imatinib on squamous carcinoma cell signaling. Imatinib induced expression of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner with concomitant accumulation of prostaglandin E2. COX-2 induction by imatinib was initiated through epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase activation and downstream signaling through mitogenic-activated protein kinase. COX-2 induction by imatinib was blocked by MEK1 or EGF receptor inhibition. Imatinib did not activate stressor cytokine-signaling pathways (p38 kinase, nuclear factor-kB nuclear translocation) or affect COX-1 expression. Imatinib failed to activate EGF receptor signals in other tumor types, suggesting that COX-2 induction in imatinib-treated cells is mediated through release of autocrine factors expressed or activated in squamous tumors. COX-2 induction by imatinib in squamous tumors derived from the head and neck region is unique with respect to other target-specific agents and may represent one of the unintended toxic effects of imatinib described in some patients.
The platelet componentof hemostasis in aortic surgery. (2005)

The lack of significant changes in the count and function of platelets in aortic surgery without use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) confirms that factors of extracorporeal circulation exert a remarkable adverse action on the platelet component of hemostasis. In operations performed under hypothermic perfusion or circulatory arrest, disorders of the platelet component even in case of the use of 2 mln. CIU trasylol (aprotinin) are most pronounced which gives rise to excessive postoperative blood loss in the given patient group. It may be assumed that the increase of the dose of trasylol up to 6 mln. CIU will allow, owing to its cytoprotective action, preserve as well as possible the quantitative and qualitative properties of platelets.
Neither Whole Inactivated Virus Immunogen nor Passive Immunoglobulin Transfer Protects Against SIVagm Infection in the African Green Monkey Natural Host (1995)

Attempts to protect against infection with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac grown in rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using whole inactivated virus immunogen or passive transfer of antibody have so far universally failed. However, such experiments have succeeded in the closely related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2/cynomolgus system. To determine whether the failure in the SIVmac system is typical of primate lentiviruses we performed vaccination and passive transfer experiments using SIVagm (genetically distinct from SIVmac and HIV-2) in the natural African green monkey (AGM) host. To maximize the chances of success, both immunogen and challenge material were prepared using the molecular SIVagm3 clone. Two AGMs were immunized four times with whole inactivated SIVagm3 in RIBI adjuvant and two received intravenously a high dose of immunoglobulin (Ig) purified from a mixture of plasma from AGM, either naturally infected or infected with the homologous SIVagm3 clone. All were challenged with 20 median minimum infective doses of the SIVagm3 grown in AGM PBMCs and previously titrated in AGMs. Despite a strong humoral immune response in all monkeys at the time of challenge, including measurable neutralizing and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity antibodies, none were protected from infection.
The energy requirements of a developed world (2016)

Through history, special attention has been paid to the study of the relationship between the energy use of a country and its level of development. While the interest of this research area is unquestionable, the energy indicators commonly used (e.g. total primary energy) are problematic. In the current context of globalization, the energy used by a country is not anymore a suitable indicator for measuring the total energy requirements associated with its level of development; the significant variable is the energy consumed worldwide to produce the goods and services demanded by that country, i.e. its energy footprint. In this study, we compare the human development index of 40 countries with their total primary energy demand and total primary energy footprint for the period 1995–2008. The results show that the total primary energy demand underestimates the energy required to maintain a high level of development, since a significant part of the energy used by emerging countries is being increasingly devoted to sustain the welfare of developed countries by means of international trade. We also find that the minimum total primary energy footprint per capita to achieve a high level of development is 33% higher than current world's per capita energy use.