gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Joint motion estimation and segmentation for very low bit rate video coding</title> (1995)

Motion estimation is a key issue in video coding. In very low bitrate applications, the amount of the side information for the motion field presents an important portion of the total bitrate. This paper presents a joint motion estimation, segmentation and coding technique, which tries to reduce the segmentation and motion side information, while providing a similar or smaller prediction error when compared to more classical motion estimation techniques. The main application in mind is a region based coding approach in which the consecutive frames of the video are divided into regions having similar motion vectors with simple shapes, easy to encode.
Synthesis of Potent and Orally Active HIV‐Protease Inhibitors (1996)

A series of potent HIV-protease inhibitors has been prepared. Several of the newly synthesized compounds showed high plasma even after oral administration to animals. Based on the overall biological profile, CGP 61755 was chosen for further preclinical evaluation. For this compound, a 10 step synthesis potentially suitable for large scale production was developed.
Multiplex strand displacement amplification (SDA) and detection of DNA sequences from<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>and other mycobacteria (1994)

Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA) is an isothermal, in vitro method of amplifying a DNA target sequence prior to detection [Walker et al (1992) Nucleic Acids Res., 20, 1691-1693]. Here we describe a multiplex form of SDA that allows two target sequences and an internal amplification control to be co-amplified by a single pair of primers after common priming sequences are spontaneously appended to the ends of target fragments. Multiplex SDA operates at a single temperature, under the same simple protocol previously developed for single-target SDA. We applied multiplex SDA to co-amplification of a target sequence (IS6110) that is specific to members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex and a target (16S ribosomal gene) that is common to most clinically relevant species of mycobacteria. Both targets are amplified 10(8)-fold during a 2 hour, single temperature incubation. The relative sensitivity of the system was evaluated across a number of clinically relevant mycobacteria and checked for crossreactivity against organisms that are closely related to mycobacteria.
Three‐Dimensional Printed Prosthesis for Repair of Superior Canal Dehiscence (2015)

Outcomes following repair of superior canal dehiscence (SCD) are variable, and surgery carries a risk of persistent or recurrent SCD symptoms, as well as a risk of hearing loss and vestibulopathy. Poor outcomes may occur from inadequate repair of the SCD or mechanical insult to the membranous labyrinth. Repair of SCD using a customized, fixed-length prosthesis may address current operative limitations and improve surgical outcomes. We aim to 3-dimensionally print customized prostheses to resurface or occlude bony SCD defects. Dehiscences were created along the arcuate eminence of superior semicircular canals in cadaveric temporal bones. Prostheses were designed and created using computed tomography and a 3-dimensional printer. The prostheses occupied the superior semicircular canal defect, reflected in postrepair computed tomography scans. This novel approach to SCD repair could have advantages over current techniques. Refinement of prosthesis design and materials will be important if this approach is translated into clinical use.
Synchrophasor estimation algorithm using Legendre polynomials (2014)

Synchronized phasor measurement and Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have gained global acceptance and wide application in modern power systems. Accordingly, novel synchrophasor algorithms and PMU test systems are drawing increasing attentions. Right now, Taylor-Fourier Method for synchrophasor estimation has presented obvious advantages over traditional DFT Method, especially during dynamic signal inputs. However, the precision of the method is not high enough for an application in the second generation PMU test system, or PMU Calibrator. The algorithm proposed in the paper greatly improves the precision of Taylor-Fourier Method presented in the existing papers, by using the Legendre polynomials with higher degree, while maintaining a reasonable computational effort. Extensive simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm exhibits high accuracy and efficiency. Besides, the method has been implemented on NI PXI based PMU Calibrator platform to sample and extract the synchrophasors of power signals and is subject to future revision.
Gate Dielectric Microstructural Control of Pentacene Film Growth Mode and Field‐Effect Transistor Performance (2007)

Organic semiconductor/dielectric interfacial characteristics play a critical role in influencing organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) performance characteristics (see figure). Clear correlations between pentacene film deposition temperature, estimated polymer dielectric surface microstructural mobility, and the corresponding film growth mode, semiconductor phase composition, and carrier mobilities are established.
A Novel Traceless Resin-Bound Guanidinylating Reagent for Secondary Amines To Prepare <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Disubstituted Guanidines (2001)

[reaction: see text]. We report the development of a solid support-linked guanidinylating reagent. This reagent consists of a urethane-protected triflyl guanidine attached to the resin via a carbamate linker. It allows for rapid synthesis of guanidines from a variety of amines. It provides access to N-alkyl/aryl- or N,N-dialkylguanidines under mild conditions. Cleavage with 50% TFA produces target molecules in high yields and purity. The ability to guanidinylate secondary amines is a significant feature of this guanidinylating reagent.
Next Generation Dry Powder Inhalation Delivery Systems (2006)

Dry powder inhalers have been through a number of periods of development over the last half century. The first period of the 1960s and 1970s saw early passive inhalation devices, which lacked sophistication and performed poorly, using the patients’ inspiratory flow to disperse the drug, as alternatives to the then dominant propellant-driven metered dose inhaler (MDI) products. In the 1980s and 1990s, sophisticated passive inhalers and active systems, the latter using applied energy for dispersion of drug, were developed. These products were unique in that they were, in some cases, first market entry products for asthma compounds or were developed for the new market for systemic delivery of drugs. Early indications, from the recent introduction of combination products, are that dry powder inhalers may supersede MDIs and potentially dominate the inhaled drug market. Since the beginning of the millennium, new strategies have emerged to improve dry powder inhaler performance and it is anticipated that the next generation of devices will be suitable for the treatment of a variety of diseases in a technologically efficient and clinically effective manner.
Vertical electrical interconnection of compound semiconductor thin-film devices to underlying silicon circuitry (1992)

A three-dimensional integration technology that electrically connects an independently optimized thin-film device layer to a Si circuitry layer is reported. An epitaxial liftoff GaAs thin-film optical detector is integrated directly on top of Si amplifier circuitry with a planarizing, insulating layer of polymide between the detector and the circuitry. The detector is virtually connected to the circuitry below through an electrical via in the insulator. This integration technology enables monolithic, massively parallel vertical interconnection between two independently optimized device layers. Systems such as image processing arrays should significantly benefit from this massively parallel integration technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving software through automatic untangling of cyclic dependencies (2014)

Cyclic dependencies among software components are considered an architectural problem that increases the development time and prevents proper reuse. One cause for the existence of such dependencies is the improper organization of elements into components.
Improved, Easier-To-Use Tunneling Infrared Sensors (1995)

Designs of electron-tunneling infrared sensors and micromachining processes used to fabricate them modified to increase sensitivity and to simplify operation, adjustment, and associated circuitry. Corrugations, pinholes, and standard packaging incorporated into design. Deflection voltages reduced, and thermal drifts eliminated. Performances exceed those of other commercially available, uncooled infrared sensors. Operation of sensors simplified to such extent, now feasible to ship them to nonexpert users for routine testing and evaluation in their laboratories.
Blind Source Separation of Many Signals in the Frequency Domain (2006)

This paper describes the frequency-domain blind source separation (BSS) of convolutively mixed acoustic signals using independent component analysis (ICA). The most critical issue related to frequency domain BSS is the permutation problem. This paper presents two methods for solving this problem. Both methods are based on the clustering of information derived from a separation matrix obtained by ICA. The first method is based on direction of arrival (DOA) clustering. This approach is intuitive and easy to understand. The second method is based on normalized basis vector clustering. This method is less intuitive than the DOA based method, but it has several advantages. First, it does not need sensor array geometry information. Secondly, it can fully utilize the information contained in the separation matrix, since the clustering is performed in high-dimensional space. Experimental results show that our methods realize BSS in various situations such as the separation of many speech signals located in a 3-dimensional space, and the extraction of primary sound sources surrounded by many background interferences
Structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies targeting C-terminal Ser<sup>404</sup> region of phosphorylated tau protein. (2019)

Targeting tau with immunotherapies is currently the most common approach taken in clinical trials of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The most prominent pathological feature of tau is its hyperphosphorylation, which may cause the protein to aggregate into toxic assemblies that collectively lead to neurodegeneration. Of the phospho-epitopes, the region around Ser<sup>396</sup>/Ser<sup>404</sup> has received particular attention for therapeutic targeting because of its prominence and stability in diseased tissue. Herein, we present the antigen-binding fragment (Fab)/epitope complex structures of three different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the pSer<sup>404</sup> tau epitope region. Most notably, these structures reveal an antigen conformation similar to a previously described pathogenic tau epitope, pSer<sup>422</sup>, which was shown to have a β-strand structure that may be linked to the seeding core in tau oligomers. In addition, we have previously reported on the similarly ordered conformation observed in a pSer<sup>396</sup> epitope, which is in tandem with pSer<sup>404</sup>. Our data are the first Fab structures of mAbs bound to this epitope region of the tau protein and support the existence of proteopathic tau conformations stabilized by specific phosphorylation events that are viable targets for immune modulation.
Fabrication of horizontal current bipolar transistor (HCBT) (2003)

The fabrication and characterization of very compact horizontal current bipolar transistor (HCBT) is presented. The active transistor region is processed in the sidewalls of the n-hill, which makes this structure attractive for the integration with pillar-like CMOS with minimum process additions. HCBT technology is simple with 5 lithography masks. The active n-hills are isolated by newly developed chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) and etch back of oxide. The <110> substrate is used for HCBT fabrication utilizing <111> crystal planes as the active sidewalls. This enables the use of crystallographic dependent etchants for the minimization of the sidewall roughness and dry etching defects, as well as increases the controllability and repeatability of intrinsic transistor doping process. The active transistor regions are processed by angled ion implantation in self-aligned manner. The processed structures result in a cutoff frequency-breakdown voltage (f/sub T/BV/sub CEO/) product of 69.5 GHzV and current gain-Early voltage (/spl beta/V/sub A/) of 4800 V. The high-frequency characteristics are limited by the wide extrinsic base due to the coarse lithography resolution used for fabrication. It is shown by simulations that the improvement of (f/sub T/) and maximum oscillation frequency (f/sub max/) up to 24 and 50 GHz, respectively, can be achieved with finer lithography employed.
Evaluation of HIV 2-LTR formation models using monotone system theory (2014)

An important question in HIV research is whether the combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) is capable of fully suppressing the replication of HIV virus. Recent experiments have tested whether this is the case by perturbing the virus dynamics in patients with apparently suppressed HIV replication, as measured by blood viremia levels, by adding an integrase inhibitor raltegravir to the existing cART regimen. Following the addition of raltegravir, a consistent spike followed by decay was observed in the concentrations of a HIV DNA artifact marker, the 2-LTR circle. In previous work, we have shown that a model of ongoing HIV replication explains this behavior, while a model of controlled or absent HIV replication does not. A recent paper by Angeli and Sontag (2012) describes a method of invalidating biological models with sign-definite interactions by considering the monotonicity of the observed outputs relative to the monotonicity of the network description of the model. In this paper, we use this method to evaluate alternative explanations of the observed 2-LTR behavior. We show via monotone system theory that models consistent with the observed non-monotonic response in measured 2-LTR are either biologically infeasible or contain ongoing viral replication.
High-throughput jet and flash imprint lithography for advanced semiconductor memory (2014)

Imprint lithography has been shown to be an effective technique for replication of nano-scale features. Jet and Flash Imprint Lithography (J-FIL) involves the field-by-field deposition and exposure of a low viscosity resist deposited by jetting technology onto the substrate. The patterned mask is lowered into the fluid which then quickly flows into the relief patterns in the mask by capillary action. Following this filling step, the resist is crosslinked under UV radiation, and then the mask is removed, leaving a patterned resist on the substrate. Non-fill defectivity must always be considered within the context of process throughput. Processing steps such as resist exposure time and mask/wafer separation are well understood, and typical times for the steps are on the order of 0.10 to 0.20 seconds. To achieve a total process throughput of 20 wafers per hour (wph), it is necessary to complete the fluid fill step in 1.0 seconds, making it the key limiting step in an imprint process. Recently, defect densities of less than 1.0/cm2 have been achieved at a fill time of 1.2 seconds by reducing resist drop size and optimizing the drop pattern. There are several parameters that can impact resist filling. Key parameters include resist drop volume (smaller is better), system controls (which address drop spreading after jetting), Design for Imprint or DFI (to accelerate drop spreading) and material engineering (to promote wetting between the resist and underlying adhesion layer). In addition, it is mandatory to maintain fast filling, even for edge field imprinting. This paper addresses the improvements made with reduced drop volume and enhanced surface wetting to demonstrate that fast filling can be achieved for both full fields and edge fields. By incorporating the changes to the process noted above, we are now attaining fill times of 1 second with non-fill defectivity of ~ 0.1 defects/cm2.
VE-VMI: High-Performance Virtual Machine Introspection Based on Virtualization Exception (2021)

Virtual machine introspection (VMI) mostly relies on memory virtualization mechanisms to enforce access restrictions on certain areas of the virtual machine (VM)’s physical memory, including the page tables managed by the guest OS. Consequently, the CPU will generate exceptions on any in-VM memory access not complying with the restrictions imposed by the VMI, switching from the VM to the hypervisor (HV) (in a so-called “VM-exit”), giving the VMI module the possibility to analyze the faulty memory access and take the needed decision to protect the VM. Such a protection strategy could suffer significant performance penalties, as a large number of VM-exits could be generated, though most of them being irrelevant to VMI, like changes of accessed or dirty bits made by the hardware page-table walker. We propose an approach to consistently reduce the number of irrelevant memory-related VM-exits: by using the Intel virtualization exception (#VE) extension, the faulty memory accesses can be handled directly inside the VM, filtering out the ones irrelevant for the VMI, while calling the HV (i.e. generate VM-exits) only for the remaining ones. The in-guest filtering agent is protected against attacks from a compromised VM, by isolating it inside a separate guest physical address space, different by and inaccessible from the one used by the VM while running its own code. We implemented our #VE-based solution in the Xen hypervisor, obtaining performance improvements between 30% and 80% for the applications protected by our VE-VMI module.
Experimental Demonstration of Quantum Source Coding (2003)

We report an experimental demonstration of Schumacher's quantum noiseless coding theorem. Our experiment employs a sequence of single photons, each of which represents three qubits in terms of eight spatial and polarization modes. We initially prepare each photon in one of a set of eight nonorthogonal code word states corresponding to the value of a block of three binary letters. We use quantum coding to compress this quantum data into a two-qubit quantum channel and then uncompress the two-qubit channel to restore the original data with a fidelity approaching the theoretical limit.
Evidence-based hearing aid algorithms (2007)

Hearing aid (HA) algorithms contain a large number of tuning parameters that need to be optimized with respect to the expected patient satisfaction. Here we report on a new fitting-engineering approach where patient measurements (audiogram, listening tests etc.) are transferred without loss of information to optimal values for HA tuning parameters. Our approach is rooted in Bayesian decision theory and takes properly account of inconsistencies in the measured patient data. The presented approach is envisioned to assist the experienced HA dispenser in the challenging task of tting a HA algorithm to a specific patient in a limited time.
Aromatic Amino Acids Required for Pili Conductivity and Long-Range Extracellular Electron Transport in Geobacter sulfurreducens (2013)

Extracellular electron transfer by Geobacter species plays an important role in the biogeochemistry of soils and sediments and has a number of bioenergy applications. For example, microbial reduction of Fe(III) oxide is one of the most geochemically significant processes in anaerobic soils, aquatic sediments, and aquifers, and Geobacter organisms are often abundant in such environments. Geobacter sulfurreducens produces the highest current densities of any known pure culture, and close relatives are often the most abundant organisms colonizing anodes in microbial fuel cells that harvest electricity from wastewater or aquatic sediments. The finding that a strain of G. sulfurreducens that produces pili with low conductivity is limited in these extracellular electron transport functions provides further insight into these environmentally significant processes.
P2‐489: Research and development of anti‐Abeta oligomers antibodies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2011)

Amyloid beta oligomers (AbOs) are a promising target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) because they are considered as major pathogenic factor of AD. One of the hopeful therapeutic approaches targeted to AbOs is passive immunotherapy using anti-AbOs specific antibody. This approach has two merits, which are efficient therapeutic effect and decrease of side effects, because the antibody does not bind to amyloid precursor protein (APP) nor naturally existed Abeta. We generated a number of anti-AbOs antibodies and performed screening to select the best one by in vitro tests and in vivo test using AD model mouse. These results will be presented. Anti-AbOs antibodies were generated by immunization of antigens prepared by our original method to mouse. The initial screening was performed by ELISA and dotblot assay. The amino acid sequences of all positive clones were analyzed and sequence-redundant clones were eliminated. Then, antibodies that have higher selectivity to AbOs were selected by competitive ELISA using Abeta monomer or AbOs as competitors. Next, antibodies that displayed non-binding property to normal human tissue array were chosen. Then, their affinities to AbOs were measured by SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) analysis, following that the antibodies were divided into high or low affinity groups. Finally, passive immunization test using Tg2576 mouse was performed in several antibodies from each group. Behavioral tests and biochemical analysis were used for the evaluation. 184 antibodies were obtained in the results of first screening and subsequent determination of amino acid sequence. Then, 49 antibodies which have higher selectivity to AbOs were selected by the competitive ELISA. Moreover, dozens of antibodies were chosen from 49 antibodies by their non-binding feature to normal human tissue array. Next, these antibodies were divided into high and low affinity groups by SPR analysis. Finally, in vivo efficacy in several antibodies in each groups were examined by passive immunization test by using Tg2576 mouse. The results showed that high affinity antibodies have better efficacy of improvement of learning memory than low affinity ones. And also there were difference in clearance of Abeta in the brains among the high affinity antibodies. The screening to select the best antibody, which has high specificity and affinity to AbOs and also has in vivo efficacy, was finished.
Novel Pyridine-Based Poly(ether sulfones) and their Study in High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells (2008)

Novel pyridine-based aromatic copolymers containing 4,4′-biphenol or hydroquinone groups in the main chain were synthesized and characterized as polymer electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Depending on the copolymer composition and pyridine monomer content in most cases soluble and high molecular weight copolymers were obtained. Flexible membrane films were prepared by casting N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solutions of copolymers. 1H NMR and size exclusion chromatography were used to characterize the structures of the copolymers. High glass transition temperatures (Tgs) and decomposition temperatures (Tds) were observed using dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry, respectively. The oxidative stability of the membranes was examined with Fenton′s test. The doping ability and the proton conductivity of the membranes were also studied and the new copolymers can be potential candidates as new polymeric electrolyte materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Finally, membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were constructed and tested in 25 cm2 single cell at different temperatures showing promising performance.