gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of coformycin, an unusual nucleoside of microbial origin (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of coformycin, an unusual nucleoside of microbial originHikaru Nakamura, Gunji Koyama, Yoichi Iitaka, Masaji Ohno, Naomasa Yagisawa, Shinichi Kondo, Kenji Maeda, and Hamao UmezawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 13, 4327–4328Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00820a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00820a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extracting heart rhythm information during CPR using wavelet transform methods (2006)

We report on a novel signal analysis technique for the ECG designed to monitor the state of the myocardium during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in defibrillation devices. The technique uses wavelet transform-based methods to analyse the signal in order to: (1) identify the underlying rhythm during CPR; (2) indicate the efficacy of the ongoing CPR, and (3) predict the outcome of subsequent defibrillation therapy during CPR. (4 pages)
The Development of Magnetic Molecules for the Selective Removal of Contaminants (2006)

'Magnetic molecules' are a new type of decontaminant for removing dilute dissolved contaminants from solution. Magnetic molecules have a specific ion exchange function to selectively react with a particular type of ionic contamination in a liquid solution. The magnetic molecules also have a very small magnetic ferritin core (ferritin is an iron-III mammalian storage protein having about 10 nm diameter), which enables the magnetic molecule to be removed from solution by magnetic filtration. The ion exchange function is attached to the magnetic ferritin core by organic reaction sequences. The ion exchange function selectively bonds to a specific type of contaminant ion. For example, ion exchange functions can selectively target radioactive contaminant ions such as cobalt, cesium and plutonium. The procedure for decontamination is that the appropriate magnetic molecule (which targets the contaminant which it is desired to remove) is added to the solution and the solution is then passed through a magnetic filter. The contaminant binds to the magnetic molecule and is then removed by the magnetic filter. The magnetic molecule/contaminant can then be recovered from the magnetic filter by back-washing. Work has been undertaken towards the development of magnetic molecules for use as radioactive decontaminants for radioactive waste managementmore » purposes. Previously we have reported on the functionalization of ferritin with the chelating agent DTPA and have shown that this can be used to bind Ca(II) in solution and separate it from Na(I) ions by the process of equilibrium dialysis. Approximately 100 DTPA molecules could be bound to the surface of the ferritin molecule. Synthetic conditions have been optimised, and which will be reported here, ferritin has been functionalized with approximately 1200 DTPA molecules per mole of ferritin and used successfully to achieve a quantitative separation of Co(II) from Cs(I) ions by equilibrium dialysis. This separation has been carried out over a range of pH values from 5 to 9. Further selective groups are now being added to the basic magneto-ferritin structure and separations achieved. (authors)« less
Monoclonal antibody antagonists of hypothalamic FGFR1 cause potent but reversible hypophagia and weight loss in rodents and monkeys (2006)

We generated three fully human monoclonal antibody antagonists against fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) that potently block FGF signaling. We found that antibodies targeting the c-splice form of the receptor (FGFR1c) were anorexigenic when administered intraperitoneally three times weekly to mice, resulting in rapid, dose-dependent weight loss that plateaued (for doses>4 mg/kg) at 35-40% in 2 wk. Animals appeared healthy during treatment and regained their normal body weights and growth trajectories upon clearance of the antibodies from the bloodstream. Measurements of food consumption and energy expenditure indicated that the rapid weight loss was induced primarily by decreased energy intake and not by increased energy expenditure or cachexia and was accompanied by a greater reduction in fat than lean body mass. Hypophagia was not caused through malaise or illness, as indicated by absence of conditioned taste aversion, pica behavior, and decreased need-induced salt intake in rats. In support of a hypothalamic site of action, we found that, after intraperitoneal injections, anti-FGFR1c (IMC-A1), but not a control antibody, accumulated in the median eminence and adjacent mediobasal hypothalamus and that FGFR1c is enriched in the hypothalamus of mice. Furthermore, a single intracerebroventricular administration of 3 microg of IMC-A1 via the 3rd ventricle to mice caused an approximately 36% reduction in food intake and an approximately 6% weight loss within the ensuing 24 h. Our data suggest that FGF signaling through FGFR1c may play a physiological role in hypothalamic feeding circuit and that blocking it leads to hypophagia and weight loss.
Four‐dimensional inverse treatment planning with inclusion of implanted fiducials in IMRT segmented fields (2009)

The purpose of this study is to develop a 4D inverse planning strategy capable of controlling the appearance of the implanted fiducial(s) in segmented IMRT fields for cine MV or combined MV/kV image-guided IMRT. This work is focused on enhancing the visibility of the implanted fiducial(s) in 4D IMRT inverse planning, whose goal is to derive a set of time-resolved (or phase-tagged) MLC segments to cater for the motion of the patient anatomy extracted from the emerging 4D images. The task is to optimize the shapes and weights of all the segments for each incident beam, with the fiducial(s) being forced/encouraged to be inside the segmented fields. The system is modeled by a quadratic objective function with inclusion of a hard/soft constraint characterizing the authors' level of preference for the fiducial(s) to be included in the segmented fields. A simulated annealing algorithm is employed to optimize the system. The proposed technique is demonstrated using two clinical cases. A segment-based inverse planning framework for 4D radiation therapy, capable of providing tempospatially optimized IMRT plans, has been established. Furthermore, using the described 4D optimization approach, it is demonstrated that the MLC blockage of the implanted fiducial(s) during the segmented delivery is avoided without severely compromising the final dose distribution. The visibility of implanted fiducials in 4D IMRT can be improved without significantly deteriorating final dose distribution. This is a foundation for the authors to use cine MV or combined MV/KV to effectively guide the 4D IMRT delivery.
Nanostructured Hybrid Transparent Conductive Films with Antibacterial Properties (2012)

Here, we demonstrate that the assembly of nanostructures with different dimensionalities yields "multicomponent hybrid" transparent conductive films (TCFs) with sheet resistance and optical transmittance comparable to that of indium tin oxide (ITO) films. It was shown that sheet resistance of single-component Ag nanowire (NW) films can be further decreased by introducing gold-decorated reduced graphene oxide (RG-O) nanoplatelets that bridge the closely located noncontacting metal NWs. RG-O nanoplatelets can act as a protective and adhesive layer for underneath metal NWs, resulting in better performance of hybrid TCFs compared to single-component TCFs. Additionally, these hybrid TCFs possess antibacterial properties, demonstrating their multifunctional characteristics that might have a potential for biomedical device applications. Further development of this strategy paves a way toward next generation TCFs composed of different nanostructures and characterized by multiple (or additional) functionalities.
Spotlight Processing of E-SAR Stripmap Data (1999)

This paper presents the Frequency Scaling algorithm for spotlight. The algorithm is able to process raw data with dechirp on receive and with low azimuth sampling during the processing. The range cell migration correction is performed without interpolation. The azimuth processing is performed by a combination of subaperture processing, SPECAN and Azimuth Scaling. Raw data from the E-SAR system of DLR have been processed to show the correctness of the algorithm.
Multiple-channel spectrally encoded imaging (2010)

Spectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) uses miniature diffractive optics to encode space with wavelength, allowing video-rate three-dimensional imaging through sub-millimeter, flexible endoscopic probes. Here we present a new approach for SEE in which the illumination and the collection channels are separated in space, and spectral encoding is present only in the collection channel. Bench-top experiments using spatially incoherent white light illumination reveal significant improvement in image quality and considerable reduction of speckle noise compared to conventional techniques, and show that the new system is capable of high sensitivity fluorescence imaging of single cells. The presented new approach would allow improved functionality and usability of SEE.
Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) inhibits lytic replication of gamma oncogenic herpesviruses in vitro (2004)

THC specifically targets viral and/or cellular mechanisms required for replication and possibly shared by these gamma herpesviruses, and the endocannabinoid system is possibly involved in regulating gamma herpesvirus latency and lytic replication. The immediate early gene ORF 50 promoter activity was specifically inhibited by THC. These studies may also provide the foundation for the development of antiviral strategies utilizing non-psychoactive derivatives of THC.
Multi-corner multi-voltage domain clock mesh design (2013)

This paper introduces a novel multi-voltage domain clock mesh design methodology that is effective under multiple process corners. In multi-voltage designs, a single clock mesh that spans multiple voltage domains is infeasible due to the incompatibility of voltage levels of the clock drivers on the electrically-shorted mesh-each voltage domain requires a separate mesh. The skew among these isolated meshes need to be matched and a novel premesh tree synthesis is required to tolerate the impact of PVT variations exacerbated due to the separation of clock meshes for multiple voltage levels. The experiments performed with the largest three ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits operating at 500 MHz, 90 nm technology and 3 process corners show that: 1) The multi-voltage domain clock mesh can achieve up to 42% lower power on average with 39.04 ps skew, as low as ≈1.95% of the clock period, on average over a typical single voltage domain clock mesh, and 2) multi-corner optimized multi-voltage domain clock mesh can decrease the global skew of all corners by 190.42 ps on average over a multi-voltage domain clock mesh optimized for a single corner with a 15% degradation in power consumption necessary for variation-tolerance.
Complexity of EBV homologous DNA in continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines. (1976)

The complexity of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) homologous DNA in 11 EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines which have been passaged for several years in culture was determined by hybridization of lymphoblastoid cell DNA to DNA extracted from EBV purified from HR-1 cells and labeled in vitro. Five of the cell lines analyzed contained no early (EA) or viral capsid (VCA) antigens which have been associated with the replication of EBV. Two other cell lines contained EA but not VCA. Of the seven VCA-negative cell lines, those which contained some early antigen or in which early antigen could be induced with IUDR had 56, 48, and 25 copies per diploid cell genome of more than 90% of the sequences of EBV DNA. Five cell lines which did not contain EA even after induction had 23, 8, 8, 6, and 2 copies per cell of the EBV genome. The data indicate that there is a correlation between the number of copies of EBV DNA in nonpermissive cells and the ability of these cells to express EA. Three of the five EA and VCA negative nonpermissive cell lines contained DNA homologous to more than 90% of the sequences of EBV DNA. The kinetics of hybridization of the DNA of two other nonpermissive cell lines, Namalwa and SKL, which contain two and eight copies, respectively, of some EBV DNA sequences, suggest but do not prove that these cell lines may contain incomplete viral genomes. The retention of the full complexity of viral DNA in most nonpermissive lymphoblastoid cell lines may be related to the relatively large number of copies of the viral genome in these cells.
Work function of Ni3Si2 on HfSixOy and SiO2 and its implication for Ni fully silicided gate applications (2007)

The effective work function (WF) of Ni3Si2 was evaluated on HfSixOy and SiO2 dielectrics. Ni3Si2 forms, in thin film Ni–Si diffusion couples with Ni to Si composition ratios between 1 and 2, after formation of a Ni2Si∕NiSi stack and by its reaction at moderate thermal budgets (comparable to those used in back end processing of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits). Ni3Si2 formation limits, on the Ni-rich side, the process window for NiSi fully silicided (FUSI) gates (NiSi at interface with dielectric) to reacted Ni–Si ratios &lt;1.5. The WF of Ni3Si2 was found to have similar values and behavior to that of NiSi, both on SiO2 (showing similar modulation with dopants) and on HfSixOy, in contrast to Ni-richer silicides such as Ni2Si and Ni31Si12 which do not exhibit significant WF modulation with dopants on SiO2 and have considerably higher WF on HfSixOy. This suggests that the chemistry and structure of the original NiSi/dielectric interface are not modified significantly by the subsequent growth of Ni3Si2 and implies that its formation may be tolerable when targeting NiSi FUSI gates, thereby expanding the process window for this application.
Compressing rectilinear pictures and minimizing access control lists (2007)

We consider a geometric model for the problem of minimizing access control lists (ACLs) in network routers, a model that also has applications to rectilinear picture compression and figure drawing in common graphics software packages. Here the goal is to create a colored rectilinear pattern within an initially white rectangular canvas, and the basic operation is to choose a subrectangle and paint it a single color, overwriting all previous colors in the rectangle. Rectangle Rule List (RRL) minimization is the problem of finding the shortest list of rules needed to create a given pattern. ACL minimization is a restricted version of this problem where the set of allowed rectangles must correspond to pairs of IP address prefixes. Motivated by the ACL application, we study the special cases of RRL and ACL minimization in which all rectangles must be strips that extend either the full width or the full height of the canvas (strip-rules). We provide several equivalent characterizations of the patterns achievable using strip-rules and present polynomial-time algorithms for optimally constructing such patterns when, as in the ACL application, the only colors are black and white (permit or deny). We also show that RRL minimization is NP-hard in general and provide O(min(n1/3, OPT1/2))-approximation algorithms for general RRL and ACL minimization by exploiting our results about strip-rule patterns.
Radiation mitigating properties of the lignan component in flaxseed (2013)

Dietary FLC given early post-XRT mitigated radiation effects by decreasing inflammation, lung injury and eventual fibrosis while improving survival. FLC may be a useful agent, mitigating adverse effects of radiation in individuals exposed to incidental radiation, inhaled radioisotopes or even after the initiation of radiation therapy to treat malignancy.
Accessible Chiral Linker to Enhance Potency and Selectivity of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors (2013)

The three important mammalian isozymes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Inhibitors of nNOS show promise as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Eight easily-synthesized compounds containing either one (<b>20a,b</b>) or two (<b>9a-d; 15a,b</b>) 2-amino-4-methylpyridine groups with a chiral pyrrolidine linker were designed as selective nNOS inhibitors. Inhibitor <b>9c</b> is the best of these compounds, having a potency of 9.7 nM and dual selectivity of 693 and 295 against eNOS and iNOS, respectively. Crystal structures of nNOS complexed with either <b>9a</b> or <b>9c</b> show a double-headed binding mode, where each 2-aminopyridine head group interacts with either a nNOS active site Glu residue or a heme propionate. In addition, the pyrrolidine nitrogen of <b>9c</b> contributes additional hydrogen bonds to the heme propionate, resulting in a unique binding orientation. In contrast, the lack of hydrogen bonds from the pyrrolidine of <b>9a</b> to the heme propionate allows the inhibitor to adopt two different binding orientations. Both <b>9a</b> and <b>9c</b> bind to eNOS in a single-headed mode, which is the structural basis for the isozyme selectivity.
Optimal Textures: Fast and Robust Texture Synthesis and Style Transfer through Optimal Transport (2020)

This paper presents a light-weight, high-quality texture synthesis algorithm that easily generalizes to other applications such as style transfer and texture mixing. We represent texture features through the deep neural activation vectors within the bottleneck layer of an auto-encoder and frame the texture synthesis problem as optimal transport between the activation values of the image being synthesized and those of an exemplar texture. To find this optimal transport mapping, we utilize an N-dimensional probability density function (PDF) transfer process that iterates over multiple random rotations of the PDF basis and matches the 1D marginal distributions across each dimension. This achieves quality and flexibility on par with expensive back-propagation based neural texture synthesis methods, but with the potential of achieving interactive rates. We demonstrate that first order statistics offer a more robust representation for texture than the second order statistics that are used today. We propose an extension of this algorithm that reduces the dimensionality of the neural feature space. We utilize a multi-scale coarse-to-fine synthesis pyramid to capture and preserve larger image features; unify color and style transfer under one framework; and further augment this system with a novel masking scheme that re-samples and re-weights the feature distribution for user-guided texture painting and targeted style transfer.
The effect of IrO<sub>2</sub>-IrO<sub>2</sub>-Hf-LaAlO<sub>3</sub> gate dielectric on the bias-temperature instability of 3-D GOI CMOSFETs (2005)

We have studied the bias-temperature instability of three-dimensional self-aligned metal-gate/high-κ/Germanium-on-insulator (GOI) CMOSFETs, which were integrated on underlying 0.18 μm CMOSFETs. The devices used IrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -IrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Hf dual gates and a high-κ LaAlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate dielectric, and gave an equivalent-oxide thickness (EOT) of 1.4 nm. The metal-gate/high-κ/GOI p-and n-MOSFETs displayed threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) shifts of 30 and 21 mV after 10 MV/cm, 85°C stress for 1 h, comparable with values for the control two-dimensional (2-D) metal-gate/high-κ-Si CMOSFETs. An extrapolated maximum voltage of -1.2 and 1.4 V for a ten-year lifetime was obtained from the bias-temperature stress measurements on the GOI CMOSFETs.
Validation Study of a Noninvasive Urine Test for Diagnosis and Prognosis Assessment of Bladder Cancer: Evidence for Improved Models (2013)

This validation study confirms the accuracy of the 12 + 2 gene signature as a noninvasive tool for assessing bladder cancer. We present improved models with fewer genes that must be validated in future studies.
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (2003)

The theory of phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) flow imaging is discussed. A formula for the velocity-induced phase shift is given. When bipolar gradient-pulses are added to a conventional 2-D MR imaging procedure and differences between acquisitions are determined using opposite-polarity flow-encoding pulses, the stationary signal is effectively cancelled and a flow image is obtained. An example is given in which the arteries and veins of the head and neck of a healthy volunteer are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intrinsic resonance stabilization in depletion-type silicon micro-ring modulators (2017)

A method is proposed for locking the resonance of a high-bandwidth, silicon micro-ring modulator using intrinsic-defect-mediated-photon-absorption. The photo-signal is generated by the modulator, and thus the need for a waveguide tap is negated. A digital PID loop is used for stabilization.
Complement-Protected Amphotropic Retroviruses from Murine Packaging Cells (1999)

The application of retroviruses generated from murine cells for in vivo gene therapy is restricted primarily because of the rapid inactivation of these viruses by the human complement system. To circumvent this disadvantageous property of murine retroviruses we have generated infectious amphotropic retroviruses that exhibit strong protection against human complement attack. The membrane of these viruses contains a fusion protein, DAFF2A, that is composed of the catalytic domain of the human complement regulatory protein (CRP) decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and the envelope protein of the amphotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) 4070A (EnvA). The fusion of two other CRPs, MCP and CD59, to the same amphotropic Env moiety did not lead to equivalent results. The fusion protein DAFF2A was stably expressed in mouse NIH 3T3-based helper cells and independently identified with either alpha-DAF MAb or alpha-Env PAb on the cell membrane. Western blot analysis confirmed the expected molecular weight of the fusion protein. Viral titers obtained from NIH 3T3 helper cell pools were 5 x 10(5) CFU for wild-type amphotropic EnvA virus and 1 x 10(5) CFU for DAFF2A virus, respectively. By blocking the catalytic domain of DAF by pretreatment with alpha-DAF MAb DAFF2A, recombinant virions could be converted to wild-type with respect to sensitivity against human serum. Since the method for producing virions that are protected against human serum should be applicable to any cell type it offers a novel tool for human in vivo gene therapy.