gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piglets Born from Vitrified Cloned Blastocysts Produced with a Simplified Method of Delipation and Nuclear Transfer (2007)

Successful cryopreservation of porcine embryos offers a promising perspective in the fields of agriculture, animal science, and human medical research. The objective of the present work was to establish a system facilitating the cryopreservation of porcine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Several key techniques including micromanipulator-based enucleation, noninvasive delipation, zona-free fusion, and activation were combined with high efficiency. After a partial zona digestion and high-speed centrifugation, 89.8+/-2.1% (mean+/-SEM) of enucleated oocytes were successfully delipated. Delipated cytoplasts were incubated for an additional 0.5 or 2 h before fusion with somatic cells. After activation and 6 days of in vitro culture, no significant difference in the rate of blastocysts per reconstructed embryo was observed between the two groups (33.1+/-1.8% and 26.0+/-4.3% for 0.5 and 2 h recovery time, respectively). Cryopreservation of the blastocysts was performed with a Cryotop device and factory-prepared vitrification and warming solutions. One hundred fifty-five vitrified SCNT embryos were transferred surgically into two recipient sows to test their developmental capacity in vivo. One recipient became pregnant and delivered six piglets. In conclusion, our simplified delipation and SCNT procedure resulted in viable piglets after vitrification and embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage.
<title>Quantitative evaluation of optical surfaces using an improved Foucault test approach</title> (1991)

Foucault knife edge testing has been the classic qualitative test method for optical surface and wavefront quality measurement for over one hundred years. We have developed an innovative method, using off the shelf CIigit.a1 microprocessors and a solid state camera, whereby quantitative evaluation of surfaces has been achieved. This paper will describe a method that upgrades the knife edge test from a qualitative test to a precise quantitative evaluation. The hardware is described and results are shown comparing the knife edge test with interferometric measurements.
Regulator-gating (2014)

Design-for-power has become one of the primary objectives with the continuous demand to improve the battery life of mobile devices or minimize the cooling costs of servers. To save power and mitigate thermal emergencies, circuits typically enter reduced power states when the workload is light. Voltage regulators, however, operate indifferently under varying workload conditions due to the lack of different operating modes. When a voltage regulator is optimized for a particular load current, significant power is dissipated during voltage conversion while delivering a different load current. Adaptive activity management of on-chip voltage regulators based upon the workload information is exploited in this paper to force each on-chip regulator to operate in its most power-efficient load current. In the proposed regulator-gating (ReGa) technique, regulators are adaptively turned on (off) when the current demand is high (low) to improve the voltage conversion efficiency. With the proposed ReGa technique, the overall voltage conversion efficiency from the battery or off-chip power supply to the output of on-chip voltage regulators is improved ~3x.
Drone-Based Quantum Key Distribution (2023)

Quantum networks between mobile platforms enable secure communication, distributed quantum sensors, and quantum computing networks. Here we present data from a quantum key distribution system between two aerial drones separated by 10 m.
Expression of melanoma-associated antigens in human dendritic cells pulsed with an interleukin-2 gene encoded vaccinia melanoma oncolysate (rIL-2VMO) (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) possess the unique abilities to initiate a primary immune response and to present antigens to naïve T lymphocytes. Recently, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the use of DCs in active specific immunotherapy (ASI) for the treatment of patients with cancer. In the present study, we determined the ability of DCs to express Melanoma-Associated Antigens (MAAs) from a polyvalent Melanoma Vaccine (DC-MelVac; Patent #11221/5) developed in our facility. The vaccine consists of a recombinant IL-2 gene-encoded vaccinia melanoma oncolysate (rIL-2VMO) derived from an established human melanoma cell line. Our results show that r-IL2VMO-pulsed DCs express MAAs presented by the Mel-2 melanoma cell line oncolysate used in this study. We believe that these promising results will prove useful as an active specific immunotherapeutic agent for patients with Stage III melanoma.
Digital Holographic Adaptive Optics for Retinal Imaging (2011)

A new adaptive optics retinal imaging system is presented that is based on the principles of digital holography and dispenses with the wavefront sensor and wavefront corrective element of the conventional adaptive optics system.
Synthesis of hexafluoroisopropylidene-containing polyimide-silver nanocomposite films evolving specularly reflective metal surfaces (2003)

Highly reflective surface-metallized flexible polyimide films have been prepared by the incorporation of the soluble silver ion complex (1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetonato)silver(I) into dimethylacetamide solutions of the poly(amic acid) prepared from 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (4-BDAF). Thermal curing to 300 °C of solution cast silver(I)poly(amic acid) films leads to cycloimidization of the amic acid with concomitant silver(I) reduction and formation of a reflective surface-silvered film from 6–13% weight percent silver. The reflective surfaces evolve only when the cure temperature reaches 300 °C. After achieving a maximum value the reflectivity abruptly drops with further heating at 300 °C and the polyimide suffers oxidation degradation. The metallized films are thermally stable and maintain mechanical properties similar to those of the parent polyimide. TEM reveals that the interior of the composite films have ca. 5–20 nanometer-sized silver particles. SEM shows surface silver particles from ca. 50–1000 nm whose size varies with cure time at 300 °C. Neither the bulk nor the surface of the films is electrically conductive. There is strong interfacial adhesion of metal to polyimide.
Separation of Chlorhexidine Breakdown Products Including 4-Chloroaniline in Surgical Scrubs Containing Chlorhexidine (1990)

Abstract Chlorhexidine is an effective antimicrobial agent used in surgical hand scrubs and patient pre-operative preps for skin disinfection. As these solutions age, chlorhexidine degrades to produce breakdown products including 4-chloroaniline. The determination of 4-chloroaniline is usually carried out by a cleanup protocol using chlorinated solvents for sample preparation and by gas chromatography for analysis. This procedure is tedious and requires special precautions.(2) Current HPLC methods(3–4) are unable to analyze the chlorhexidine breakdown products in surgical scrub solutions which contain surfactants, gelling agents, etc., that give rise to complications in the resolution of peaks. The method reported here overcomes these problems while preserving the overall simplicity of the current HPLC methods. The 4-chloroaniline peak is clearly resolved from the peaks of the other breakdown products.
Design of a Silicon Micromachined Artifact for Hybrid Dimensional Measurement (2006)

We are developing calibration artifacts for mesoscale metrology (especially vision probing) by using silicon bulk micromachining. We evaluate these artifacts on both high accuracy coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and on typical production vision-based measurement systems. This will improve the accuracy of vision-based measurement equipment used in production. Successful realization of these mesoscale artifacts will enhance both production metrology capabilities and reduce manufacturing costs.
Homogeneous, bioluminescent assays for proteasome activity (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

1361 

Protein degradation is mediated predominantly through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. The importance of the proteasome in regulating degradation of proteins involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis, and angiogenesis led to the recognition of the proteasome as a therapeutic target for cancer. The first generation proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, is now an approved drug for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Peptide-conjugated fluorophores are widely used as substrates for monitoring proteasome activity, but fluorogenic substrates can exhibit significant background and can be problematic for screening due to interference from test compounds. To address these issues, we developed a homogeneous, bioluminescent method that combines peptide-conjugated aminoluciferin substrates and a stabilized luciferase. We first developed this method for monitoring caspase activities and have now developed homogeneous, bioluminescent assays for all three proteasome activities. We use Suc-LLVY-aminoluciferin, Z-LRR-aminoluciferin, and Z-nLPnLD-aminoluciferin to monitor the chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and caspase-like activities of the proteasome, respectively. The luminogenic assays showed increased dynamic range and improved detection sensitivity compared to the analogous fluorogenic assays. In addition, the luminescent assays rapidly attained maximum signal and held stable light emission, allowing for assay flexibility. We have applied this technology to a cell-based assay using the Suc-LLVY-aminoluciferin substrate in combination with a selective membrane permeabilization step. The cell-based assay does not require lysate preparation and enables measurement of proteasome activity in a more physiologically relevant environment. The assay has been tested on numerous cell lines and has been shown to monitor proteasome activity that is inhibited by lactacystin and epoximicin. The proteasome assays are designed in a simple “add and read” format and have been tested in 96 and 384-well formats. The homogeneous, luminogenic protease assay format was at least 10-fold more sensitive than fluorogenic assays using comparable substrates for several proteases. The bioluminescent, coupled-enzyme format enables sensitive and rapid protease assays ideal for high-throughput screening.
HMGB1 and Its Hyperacetylated Isoform are Sensitive and Specific Serum Biomarkers to Detect Asbestos Exposure and to Identify Mesothelioma Patients (2016)

Our results are significant and clinically relevant as they provide the first biomarker of asbestos exposure and indicate that hyperacetylated HMGB1 is an accurate biomarker to differentiate malignant mesothelioma patients from individuals occupationally exposed to asbestos and unexposed controls. A trial to independently validate these findings will start soon. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3087-96. ©2016 AACR.
Automatic recognition of keywords in unconstrained speech using hidden Markov models (1990)

The modifications made to a connected word speech recognition algorithm based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) which allow it to recognize words from a predefined vocabulary list spoken in an unconstrained fashion are described. The novelty of this approach is that statistical models of both the actual vocabulary word and the extraneous speech and background are created. An HMM-based connected word recognition system is then used to find the best sequence of background, extraneous speech, and vocabulary word models for matching the actual input. Word recognition accuracy of 99.3% on purely isolated speech (i.e., only vocabulary items and background noise were present), and 95.1% when the vocabulary word was embedded in unconstrained extraneous speech, were obtained for the five word vocabulary using the proposed recognition algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interference Cancellation Receiver for Heavy-Traffic Aeronautical Mobile Environment (2006)

We present a simple and effective interference cancellation technique that can be implemented in radio receivers in order to achieve more efficient communication, especially for heavy-traffic aeronautical mobile communication applications. We show that multi-signal decoding, a capability not yet available in today's radios, is possible using this technique. The concept is simple because multi-user interference removal can be accomplished using only subtraction operation. Furthermore, this technique proves effective because it can successfully recover even the weak signals that might be completely buried inside much stronger cochannel interferers. As a result, the overall system performance is improved. Nonetheless, multi-signal decoding capability comes with penalties of several decibels in radio (modem) performance (measured in E/sub b//N/sub o/) and additional signal processing delay. The delay could be one of the subjects for future research.
On a class of low-reflection transmission-line quasi-gaussian low-pass filters and their lumped-element approximations (2003)

Gaussian-like filters are frequently used in digital signal transmission. Usually, these filters are made of lumped inductors and capacitors. In the stopband, these filters exhibit a high reflection, which can create unwanted signal interference. To prevent that, a new low-reflection ladder network is introduced that consist of resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The network models fictitious transmission lines with Gaussian-like amplitude characteristics. Starting from the analysis of this network, a procedure is developed for synthesis of a new class of lumped-element RLC filters. These filters have transmission coefficients similar to the classical Bessel filters. In contrast to the Bessel filters, the new filters exhibit a low reflection both in the stopband and passband, they have a small span of element parameters, and they are easy for manufacturing and tuning.
Cyclic Boronates Inhibit All Classes of β-Lactamase. (2017)

β-Lactamase-mediated resistance is a growing threat to the continued use of β-lactam antibiotics. The use of the β-lactam-based serine-β-lactamase (SBL) inhibitors clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam, and, more recently, the non-β-lactam inhibitor avibactam has extended the utility of β-lactams against bacterial infections demonstrating resistance via these enzymes. These molecules are, however, ineffective against the metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), which catalyse their hydrolysis. To date, there are no clinically available metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors. Co-production of MBLs and SBLs in resistant infections is, thus, of major clinical concern. The development of 'dual-action' inhibitors, targeting both SBLs and MBLs, is of interest, but these are considered difficult to achieve due to the structural and mechanistic differences between the two enzyme classes. We recently reported evidence that cyclic boronates can inhibit both serine- and metallo-β-lactmases. Here we report that cyclic boronates are able to inhibit all four classes of β-lactamase, including the class A extended spectrum β-lactamase, CTX-M-15, the class C enzyme, AmpC from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and class D OXA enzymes with carbapenem-hydrolysing capabilities. We demonstrate that cyclic boronates can potentiate the use of β-lactams against Gram-negative clinical isolates expressing a variety of β-lactamases. Comparison of a crystal structure of a CTX-M-15:cyclic boronate complex with structures of cyclic boronates complexed with other β-lactamases reveals remarkable conservation of the small molecule binding mode, supporting our proposal that these molecules work by mimicking the common tetrahedral anionic intermediate present in both serine- and metallo-β-lactamase catalysis.
Quadrature Spatial Modulation (2014)

This paper proposes a new multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technique called quadrature spatial modulation (QSM). QSM enhances the overall throughput of conventional SM systems by using an extra modulation spatial dimension. The current SM technique uses only the real part of the SM constellation, and the proposed method in this paper extends this to in-phase and quadrature dimensions. It is shown that significant performance enhancements can be achieved at the expense of synchronizing the transmit antennas. Additionally, a closed-form expression for the pairwise error probability (PEP) of generic QSM system is derived and used to calculate a tight upper bound of the average bit error probability (ABEP) over Rayleigh fading channels. Moreover, a simple and general asymptotic expression is derived and analyzed. Obtained Monte Carlo simulation results corroborate the accuracy of the conducted analysis and show the significant enhancements of the proposed QSM scheme.
Transmissive serial interferometric fiber sensor array (1989)

A transmissive serial array architecture for multiplexed interferometric fiber-optic sensors based on time division addressing is discussed. The configuration gives rise to intrinsic optical crosstalk between sensor elements of the system due to multiple cross-coupling of pulses between the series of sensor elements and the output fiber bus. This crosstalk is theoretically analyzed in detail, and compared to experimental results obtained with both three- and eight-sensor networks. Phase detection sensitivities as low as approximately 10 mu rad/ square root Hz at a signal frequency of 1 kHz are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Simple and rapid detection methods for campylobacters]. (2012)

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli have been leading cause of food poisoning in terms of both number of patients and cases in Japan. Therefore these bacteria are recognized as one of the most important food-borne pathogens. Since campylobacters are microaerobic, slow growing, biochemically unreactive, not only it takes some time but also there are several problems regarding isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. We found that cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes are ubiquitously present in C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus in species-specific manner and species-specific multiplex PCRs have been developed on the basis of species-specificity of the cdt genes. In this review, applicability of the cdt gene-based multiplex PCRs as a simple and rapid diagnostic method for clinical and food samples in comparison to the conventional culture methods is described.
Sparse touch sensing for capacitive touch screens (2012)

Improved capacitive touch screen responsiveness can be achieved at the expense of the touch screen controller analog hardware complexity and power consumption. This paper proposes a compressive sensing based approach to exploit the sparsity of simultaneous touches (e.g., 10 or less per person) with respect to the number of sensor nodes (e.g., 100s) to achieve similar levels of responsiveness with lower levels of analog complexity and power consumption. This is done by showing that the number of measurements required for touch detection is related to the number of touches rather than the number of nodes.
Small-signal modeling of a single-switch AC/DC power-factor-correction circuit (1999)

In this paper, a small-signal model for a new single-switch single-stage switched-mode power-factor-correction (PFC) converter is presented. The model is obtained by applying the small-signal perturbation technique to the circuit equations derived from the state-space averaging method. By applying the perturbation and averaging techniques over one switching cycle, the DC and small-signal equivalent circuit representations of this converter are derived. The result shows that this converter exhibits the transfer characteristics of a second-order low-pass system for the output-to-input transfer function and that of a combined second-order low-pass and band-pass system for the output-to-control transfer function. The validity of the proposed mathematical model was verified by the given experimental results for a specified design example.
Pegylated liposomal mitomycin C prodrug enhances tolerance of mitomycin C: a phase 1 study in advanced solid tumor patients (2015)

Mitomycin C (MMC) has potent cytotoxicity but cumulative toxicity limits widespread use. In animals, pegylated liposomal mitomycin C lipid-based prodrug (PL-MLP) was well tolerated and more effective than free MMC. We evaluated PL-MLP in patients with advanced cancer. Twenty-seven patients were treated in escalating dose cohorts of 0.5-3.5 mg/kg (equivalent to 0.15-1.03 mg/kg MMC) every 4 weeks for up to 12 cycles, unless disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Pharmacokinetics were assessed during cycles 1 and 3. Per protocol maximum tolerated dose was not reached at 3.5 mg/kg. However, prolonged thrombocytopenia developed after repeated doses of 3 mg/kg or cumulative doses of 10-12 mg/kg. Dose-related grade 3 or higher adverse events included fatigue, anemia, and decreased platelets. Cmax and AUC0-∞ increased linearly over the dose range 0.5-2.0 mg/kg, and greater than linearly from 2.5 to 3.5 mg/kg; there were no significant differences in clearance of MLP between cycles 1 and 3. Median t1/2 was 23 h among dose cohorts, with no trend by dose or cycle. One patient had a partial response. Stable disease was observed in 10 patients across all dose levels. PL-MLP has a long circulation time, was well tolerated, and can be administered to heavily pretreated patients at a single dose of 3.0 mg/kg and cumulative dose of 10-12 mg/kg before development of prolonged thrombocytopenia; this is nearly threefold the equivalent dose of MMC tolerated historically. This formulation may be active in a variety of tumor types and is better tolerated than free MMC.
Study on Surface Acoustic Wave Characteristics of SiO<sub>2</sub>/Interdigital-Transducer/ZnO/Diamond Structure and Fabrication of 2.5 GHz Narrow Band Filter (1998)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) characteristics of the SiO 2 /interdigital-transducer(IDT)/ZnO/diamond structure were studied theoretically and experimentally. It was found that the 2nd mode in this structure can provide a zero temperature coefficient of frequency ( T C F ) as well as high velocity of 10,000 m/s and a large electromechanical coupling coefficient of 1.4%. Utilizing this wave, a 2.5 GHz narrow-band SAW filter was successfully fabricated with IDTs of 0.9 µm finger width, which resulted in superior characteristics for a retiming filter with a small insertion loss of 6.7 dB, Q value of 660 and small frequency deviation of 100 ppm in the temperature range from -40 to 85°C. The insertion loss is smaller than any other retiming filters which have ever been reported with quartz, a conventional SAW material, and also the frequency deviation with temperature is smaller than that in the case of ST-cut quartz.
Fast automated stopping-time and edge-strength estimation for anisotropic diffusion (2008)

Anisotropic diffusion (ATD) is an edge-oriented, scale-space based, and iterative image-smoothing process. Two main challenges of ATD are how to automatically stop the iterative process, so to avoid blurring, and how to determine the scale (or edge-strength) parameter, so to best differentiate between edge and noise. In this paper, we propose 1) an automatic noise-adaptive stopping-time estimator and 2) a robust scale parameter (or edge strength) estimator. With these two novel estimators, our adaptive ATD method effectively reduces noise (high PSNR gain) and preserves structures (significantly less blurring) than conventional ATD.