gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPRESSION OF PORCINE GROWTH HORMONE GENE IN TRANSGENIC RABBITS AS REPORTED BY GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (2001)

Sperm-mediated gene transfer was used to produce transgenic rabbits that expressed the porcine growth hormone gene under the control of a metallothionein promoter. The gene that encodes the selectable marker green fluorescent protein (GFP) was inserted downstream of the transgene. After lipofectin-mediated gene transfer into sperm cells and after subsequent in vitro fertilization using the transfected sperm cells, 32% of the cultured blastocysts exhibited bright green fluorescence when stimulated with blue light. Of the 74 adult rabbits and five fetal rabbits (age, gestational day 15), 2 fetuses and 29 rabbits were GFP-positive as indicated by PCR analysis. Southern blot analysis of their genomic DNA showed that 13 of 21 GFP-positive rabbits were transgenic. GFP expression was observed in different tissues of transgenic rabbits and the growth rate of four GFP-positive rabbits was greater than that of controls. PCR analysis showed that one of six F1 offspring was transgenic. These results suggest that lipofectin-mediated gene transfer into sperm cells can be used to efficiently produce transgenic rabbits.
Reducing Area Overhead for Error-Protecting Large L2/L3 Caches (2008)

Due to increasing concern about various errors, current processors adopt error protection mechanisms for their on-chip components. Especially, protecting caches in current processors incurs as much as 12.5 percent area overhead due to error-correcting codes (ECCs). Considering large L2/L3 caches employed in current high-performance processors, the area overhead is very high, consuming a large number of on-chip transistors. As an attempt to reduce that overhead, this paper proposes an area-efficient error protection architecture for large L2/L3 caches. First, it selectively applies ECC to only dirty cache lines, and other clean cache lines are protected by using simple parity check codes. Second, the dirty cache lines are periodically cleaned by exploiting the generational behavior of cache lines in order not to increase traffic to the off-chip main memory. Experimental results show that the cleaning technique effectively reduces the average number of dirty cache lines per cycle. The ECCs of the reduced dirty cache lines can be confined in a small ECC array or ECC cache. Our proposed error protection architecture has been shown to reduce the area overhead of a 1-Mbyte L2 cache for error protection by 59 percent with less than 1 percent performance degradation, on the average, using SPEC2000 benchmarks running on a typical four-issue superscalar processor. A dirty cache line cleaning scheme is also beneficial for reducing the vulnerability of tag arrays to soft errors.
Dibenzothiophene/Oxide and Quinoxaline/Pyrazine Derivatives Serving as Electron‐Transport Materials (2006)

Abstract A series of 2,8‐disubstituted dibenzothiophene and 2,8‐disubstituted dibenzothiophene‐ S , S ‐dioxide derivatives containing quinoxaline and pyrazine moieties are synthesized via three key steps: i) palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction to form dialkynes; ii) conversion of the dialkynes to diones; and iii) condensation of the diones with diamines. Single‐crystal characterization of 2,8‐di(6,7‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐quinoxalinyl)‐5 H ‐5λ 6 ‐dibenzo[ b , d ]thiophene‐5,5‐dione indicates a triclinic crystal structure with space group P 1 and a non‐coplanar structure. These new materials are amorphous, with glass‐transition temperatures ranging from 132 to 194 °C. The compounds (Cpd) exhibit high electron mobilities and serve as effective electron‐transport materials for organic light‐emitting devices. Double‐layer devices are fabricated with the structure indium tin oxide (ITO)/Qn/Cpd/LiF/Al, where yellow‐emitting 2,3‐bis[4‐( N ‐phenyl‐9‐ethyl‐3‐carbazolylamino)phenyl]quinoxaline (Qn) serves as the emitting layer. An external quantum efficiency of 1.41 %, a power efficiency of 4.94 lm W –1 , and a current efficiency of 1.62 cd A –1 are achieved at a current density of 100 mA cm –2 .
A Physical Model for Fringe Capacitance in Double-Gate MOSFETs With Non-Abrupt Source/Drain Junctions and Gate Underlap (2010)

For the first time, the inner and outer components of the parasitic gate-source/drain (G-S/D) fringe capacitance in nanoscale double-gate (DG) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, with nonabrupt S/D-body junctions that define effective G-S/D underlap, are physically modeled in terms of the device structure. The model relates the fringe capacitance to the device short-channel effects as governed by the underlap and, hence, gives insights on the effective channel length. The model is verified by numerical simulations of DG devices with varying device parameters, including the dielectric constant of the G-S/D spacer.
Arbitrary orthogonal tiling of the time-frequency plane (1992)

LCAV
Southern Piceance Basin Model—Cozzette, Corcoran and Rollins Sandstones (1986)

Tight gas reservoirs occur in low-permeability, gas-bearing formations that are present to some extent in all gas-producing basins worldwide. This is the first volume to bring together data on tight reservoirs for a variety of basins and different geologic settings. The papers in this volume discuss characteristics of some of the most significant tight gas areas in the United States; however, these data are equally applicable to many other recognized and unrecognized tight gas provinces in other nations. In general, tight reservoirs in the United States are grouped into tight gas sandstones and eastern Devonian shales. The Devonian shale sequences are dominantly marine shale but include some siltstone and sandstone. Tight gas sandstone formations of other than Devonian age are present throughout the United States and consist primarily of fluvial and marine sandstones and siltstones. In addition, gas also occurs in low-permeability marine carbonate reservoirs. The 14 papers in this volume cover such topics as: coal-bed methane and tight gas sands interrelationships; gas-bearing shales in the Appalachian basin; exploration and development of hydrocarbons from low-permeability chalks; and geologic characterization of low-permeability gas reservoirs.
Nuclear data for production of<sup>117m</sup>Sn for biomedical application (1986)

Abstract The 117mSn(4+)DTPA has been shown to have high uptake in cortical bone with negligible soft-tissue deposition. The long half-life (14 d) of 117mSn and its emission of abundant short-range Auger and conversion electrons, make 117mSn(4+)DTPA an attractive therapeutic agent for bone tumors. The necessary nuclear data for production of clinical quantities of 117mSn using Sb(p,2pxn) reactions at BLIP was obtained. The excitation functions for 121Sb(p,2p3n) and 123Sb(p,2p5n) reactions in the regions of 43 ≤Ep≤60 MeV were measured and compared with predicted values obtained from semi-empirical formulae given by Silberberg and Tsao. 117mSn is routinely produced at ORNL by thermal neutron activation of 116Sn. We have investigated the possibility of improving the specific activity of the reactor-produced 117mSn by irradiating enriched 116Sn and 117Sn in the core of the HFBR. Our results indicate that, due to a strong absorption resonance at En110 eV, better specific activity for reactor-produced 117mSn can be obtained by irradiating natural tin in the core of a reactor.
Amino Acid Transporters Are Localized to Transfer Cells of Developing Pea Seeds (2000)

To determine the nature and cellular localization of amino acid transport in pea seeds, two cDNA clones belonging to the AAP family of H(+)/amino acid co-transporters (PsAAP1 and PsAAP2) were isolated from a cotyledon cDNA library of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Functional expression in the yeast amino acid uptake mutants 22Delta6AAL and 22Delta8AA showed that PsAAP1 mediates transport of neutral, acidic, and basic amino acids. RNA-blot analyses showed that PsAAP1 is expressed in seeds and vegetative organs, including amino acid sinks and sources, whereas PsAAP2 could not be detected. For developing seeds, transcripts of PsAAP1 were detected in coats and cotyledons, with seed coats giving a weak signal. In cotyledons, expression was highest in epidermal-transfer-cell-enriched tissue. RNA in situ hybridization analysis showed that PsAAP1 was predominantly present in epidermal transfer cells forming the outer surface of cotyledons, which abuts the seed coats. Overall, our observations suggest that this transporter, which is localized in transfer cells of cotyledons, might play a role in the uptake of the full spectrum of amino acids released from seed coats.
Syntheses of Azobenzene Derivatives Having Fluoroalkyl Chain and Their Monomolecular Film Formation at the Air/Water Interface (1992)

Abstract The compounds, 4-(nonafluorobutyl)aniline, 4-(tridecafluorohexyl)aniline, and 4-(heptadecafluorooctyl)aniline were prepared by the reaction of corresponding perfluoroalkyl iodide with 4-iodoaniline in the presence of copper bronze. Six azobenzene derivatives (4-(4-fluorophenylazo)phenol, F(C6H4)N=N(C6H4)OH (1) (C6H4 = p-phenylene), 4-(4-trifluoromethylphenylazo)phenol, CF3(C6H4)N=N(C6H4)OH (2), 4-(4-heptafluoropropylphenylazo)phenol, C3F7(C6H4)N=N(C6H4)OH (3), 4-(4-nonafluorobutylphenylazo)phenol, C4F9(C6H4)N=N-(C6H4)OH (4), 4-(4-tridecafluorohexylphenylazo)phenol, C6F13(C6H4)N=N(C6H4)OH (5), and 4-(4-heptadecafluorooctylphenylazo)phenol, C8F17(C6H4)N=N(C6H4)OH (6)) were prepared by the usual diazo coupling reactions using 4-(perfluoroalkyl)aniline and phenol. The monomolecular film formations of the azobenzene derivatives at the air/water interface were investigated by surface pressure measurements to be dependent on the fluoroalkyl chain length (n). The compounds 5 (n = 6) and 6 (n = 8) formed stable monomolecular films at the air/water interface.
A case of organophosphate poisoning presenting with seizure and unavailable history of parenteral suicide attempt (2011)

Organophosphate (OP) poisoning is common in India. Only few case reports of parenteral OP poisoning have been described. We report a case of self-injected methyl parathion poisoning, presenting after four days with seizure, altered sensorium, and respiratory distress which posed a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Despite nonavailability of history of OP poisoning, he was treated based on suspicion and showed a good clinical response to treatment trial with atropine and pralidoxime, and had a successful recovery. Atypical presentations may be encountered following parenteral administration of OP poison, and even a slight suspicion of this warrants proper investigations and treatment for a favorable outcome. Persistently low plasma cholinesterase level is a useful marker for making the diagnosis.
Dianion and Tetraanion Octalene (1979)

The reduction of octalene to anions is a challenging task since the structure of this (4n + 2)π-system permits several possible charges distributions in the anions. On treatment with lithium, octalene gives the dianion (1a) or (1b) and ultimately the tetraanion (2) which has a perimerer with π-bond delocalization resembling that of naphthalene.
Supramolecular chemistry of carbon nano-onions (2020)

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are concentric multi-layered fullerenes. Their shape, size and layer count depends on the method of preparation. Their low cytotoxicity allows for high applicability in the biomedical field, in particular, nanomedicine. However, an adequate dispersion of particles in aqueous media is required for the most effective use in this application. Given the hydrophobic nature of pristine CNOs, as is the case with most carbon nanomaterials, they show poor water solubility. Non-covalent functionalisation can be utilised to alter their dispersibility properties, without affecting the intrinsic properties of the sp2 nanomaterial. The use of CNOs in the field of nanomedicine also requires consideration of drug release at the target site. As covalent bonds are inadequate for this purpose, attention is brought towards non-covalent interactions as a viable option for targeted release. This minireview outlines the different methods and approaches for non-covalent modifications of CNOs reported in the literature.
Bridging Paxos and Blockchain Consensus (2018)

The distributed consensus problem has been extensively studied in the last four decades as an important problem in distributed systems. Recent advances in decentralized consensus and blockchain technology, however, arose from a disparate model and gave rise to disjoint knowledge-base and techniques than those in the classical consensus research. In this paper we make a case for bridging these two seemingly disparate approaches in order to help transfer the lessons learned from the classical distributed consensus world to the blockchain world and vice versa. To this end, we draw parallels between blockchain consensus and a classical consensus protocol, Paxos. We also survey prominent approaches to improving the throughput and providing instant irreversibility to blockchain consensus and show analogies to the techniques from classical consensus protocols. Finally, inspired by the central role formal methods played in the success of classical consensus research, we suggest more extensive use of formal methods in modeling the blockchains and smartcontracts.
Developing adaptive driving route guidance systems based on fuzzy neural network (2008)

With the advent of communication and information technologies, much information about route conditions and driver behaviours can be acquired by the mobile devices and used to guide drivers while driving vehicles to the destination. However, even though with the same starting and destination points, different drivers typically do not go through the same path as they make choices of routes based on different attributes and weighting of the attributes. Driving route guidance systems need to be able to adapt to various behaviours of drivers to generate routes teller-made for individual drivers. The perceptions of the drivers being fed back to the system are linguistic values which are vague. A neural fuzzy approach is used to learn the decision logic with vague attributes from the past driving records of the drivers to make the guidance system adaptive. The adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used so that the system can self-adjust without user intervention. By integrating this intelligent adaptive capability, a driving route guidance system is proposed in this paper which is capable of adapting to individual drivers gradually to provide different optimum routes automatically based on different preferences.
Melting transition of covalently closed DNA with supercoil-induced cruciforms (1985)

The melting curve for covalently closed supercoiled DNA has been studied by assuming the existence of cruciforms as significant structural perturbations in the pre-melting region. The statistical mechanical treatment used incorporates these cruciform structures through an appropriate sequence generating function. The variation of the effective hydrogen bond energy with temperature is taken into account by an empirical procedure. The results obtained are in close agreement with the corresponding experimental data in TEA solution where the effect of heterogeneity of the base pairs is minimized.
A Computer Code Using Exergy for Optimizing Thermal Plants (1991)

This paper presents an exergetic approach to reducing energy consumption in industrial plants. The minimum pinchpoint temperature difference is determined for several cases of heat exchange between hot and cold fluid streams with reduced thermal losses. The proposed method, designated TEXAS (Thermal and economic EXergetic Analysis of Systems), derives families of characteristic curves showing economic parameters versus exergetic efficiency in relation to factors such as heat transfer, surface, and scaling. As the method is highly affected by the economic parameter assumptions, the sensitivity of the variations in the parameters is also analyzed.
Learning Identity-Invariant Motion Representations for Cross-ID Face Reenactment (2020)

Human face reenactment aims at transferring motion patterns from one face (from a source-domain video) to an-other (in the target domain with the identity of interest).While recent works report impressive results, they are notable to handle multiple identities in a unified model. In this paper, we propose a unique network of CrossID-GAN to perform multi-ID face reenactment. Given a source-domain video with extracted facial landmarks and a target-domain image, our CrossID-GAN learns the identity-invariant motion patterns via the extracted landmarks and such information to produce the videos whose ID matches that of the target domain. Both supervised and unsupervised settings are proposed to train and guide our model during training.Our qualitative/quantitative results confirm the robustness and effectiveness of our model, with ablation studies confirming our network design.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Alkyl Complexes for the Olefin Polymerization (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multistrategy Learning for Information Extraction (1998)

Information extraction (IE) is the problem of filling out pre-defined structured summaries from text documents. We are interested in performing IE in non-traditional domains, where much of the text is often ungrammatical, such as electronic bulletin board posts and Web pages. We suggest that the best approach is one that takes into account many different kinds of information, and argue for the suitability of a multistrategy approach. We describe learners for IE drawn from three separate machine learning paradigms: rote memorization, term-space text classification, and relational rule induction. By building regression models mapping from learner confidence to probability of correctness and combining probabilities appropriately, it is possible to improve extraction accuracy over that achieved by any individual learner. We describe three different multistrategy approaches. Experiments on two IE domains, a collection of electronic seminar announcements from a university computer science de...
Reconstructing medical problem solving competence: MACCORD. (1993)

The building of medical knowledge-based systems involves the reconstruction of methodological principles and structures within the various subdomains of medicine. ACCORD is a general methodology of knowledge-based systems, and MACCORD its application to medicine. MACCORD represents the problem solving behavior of the medical expert in terms of various types of medical reasoning and at various levels of abstraction. With MACCORD the epistemic and cognitive processes in clinical medicine can be described in formal terminology, covering the entire diversity of medical reasoning. MACCORD is close enough to formalization to make a significant contribution to the fields of medical knowledge acquisition, medical didactics and the analysis and application of medical problem solving methods.
Targeted therapy for triple‐negative breast cancer: Where are we? (2012)

Breast cancers that are negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and HER2, using standard clinical assays, have been dubbed triple-negative (TN). Unlike other molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer, validated targeted therapies are currently unavailable for patients with TN breast cancer. Preclinical studies however, have identified several potential targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), SRC, MET and poly ADP ribose polymerase 1/2 (PARP1/2). Because of tumor heterogeneity, it is unlikely that any single targeted therapy will be efficacious in all patients with TN breast cancer. The rational way forward for treating these patients is likely to be biomarker-driven, combination targeted therapies or combination of targeted therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Rapid and Quantitative Measurement of Metabolic Stability without Chromatography or Mass Spectrometry (2011)

Metabolic stability measurements are a critical component of preclinical drug development. Available measurement strategies rely on chromatography and mass spectrometry, which are expensive and labor intensive. We have developed a general method to determine the metabolic stability of virtually any compound by quantifying cofactors in the mechanism of cytochrome P450 enzymes using fluorescence intensity measurements. While many previous studies have shown that simple measurements of cofactor depletion do not correlate with substrate conversion (i.e., metabolic stability) in P450 systems, the present work employs a reaction engineering approach to simplify the overall rate equation, thus allowing the accurate and quantitative determination of substrate depletion from simultaneous measurements of NADPH and oxygen depletion. This method combines the accuracy and generality of chromatography with the ease, throughput, and real-time capabilities of fluorescence.
Deriving texture feature set for content-based retrieval of satellite image database (2002)

In this paper, the performance of similarity retrieval from satellite image databases by using different sets of spatial and transformed-based texture features is evaluated and compared. A benchmark consisting of 37 satellite image clips from various satellite instruments is devised for the experiments. We show that although the proposed feature set perform only slightly better with the Brodatz set, its performance is far superior for the satellite images. The result indicates that more than 25% of the benchmark patterns can be retrieved with more than 80% accuracy by using normalized Euclidean distance. In contrast, less than 10% of the patterns are retrieved with more than 80% accuracy by using transformed-based feature sets (such as those based on Gabor filter or quadrature mirror filter (QMF)).
The genome and transcriptome of the pine saprophyte Ophiostoma piceae, and a comparison with the bark beetle-associated pine pathogen Grosmannia clavigera (2013)

This work makes available the second annotated genome of a softwood ophiostomatoid fungus, and suggests that O. piceae's tolerance to terpenes may be due in part to these chemicals being removed from the cells by an ABC transporter that is highly induced by terpenes. The data generated will provide the research community with resources for work on host-vector-fungus interactions for wood-inhabiting, beetle-associated saprophytes and pathogens.