gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and Isolation of <i>Epichloë</i> Species, Fungal Endophytes of Grasses (2015)

Epichloë species (including former Neotyphodium species) are endophytic fungi that significantly affect fitness of cool-season grass hosts, potentially by increasing nutrient uptake and resistance to drought, parasitism and herbivory. Epichloë species are obligately biotrophic, living in the intercellular spaces of their plant hosts, and spreading systemically throughout host aerial tissues. The reproduction of Epichloë species is versatile; some strains have both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction, but others are restricted to one or the other mode. The reproduction mode determines the dissemination mechanism, and the asexual species most important to agriculture are strictly seed-borne, cause no signs or symptoms, and are undetectable except by specialized microscopic, molecular or antigenic procedures. These procedures can be used to identify endophytes in a variety of plant tissues. Similar protocols can be modified to detect less common symbionts, such as the penicillate "p-endophytes," when they occur by themselves or together with Epichloë species.
Significant Selective Head Cooling Can be Maintained Long-Term After Global Hypoxia Ischemia in Newborn Piglets (2002)

This study using our piglet HI model shows that it is possible by means of a head-cooling cap to cool the brain more than the body for a 24-hour period while keeping the core temperature mildly hypothermic. However, we were unable to predict temperatures inside the brain using surface temperature probes on the head.
Isostructural Molecular and Surface Mimics of the Active Sites of the Industrial WO<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Metathesis Catalysts (2015)

In classical, ill-defined WO3/SiO2 alkene metathesis catalysts, isolated, silica-supported tungsten oxo alkylidene species are suspected to represent the catalytically active species. Here, we report the synthesis and the characterization of molecular and supported isostructural mimics of these active sites. The good activities at room temperature of these well-defined oxo alkylidene complexes indicate that the lower activity of WO3/SiO2, even after preactivation, is likely due to the difficulty to generate active alkylidene sites from W oxo species in the classical system.
Renal tubular antigens in kidney tumors (1972)

Two antisera reacting respectively with the brush border region of proximal renal tubules (BB) and Tamm-Horsfall protein in distal tubules (TH) were employed for immunofluorescence studies of these antigens in 31 human kidney tumors of different types. All 15 cortical adenomas and 10 of 11 carcinomas contained the BB antigen but not the TH antigen. One anaplastic carcinoma studied lacked the BB antigen and together with one granular cell carcinoma showed weak TH antigenicity. The two Wilms' tumors examined contained both antigens. The findings provide additional evidence that the adenomas and carcinomas arise from proximal tubular epithelium and Wilms' tumors from more primitive metanephric cells.
An efficient hidden-line removal method based on Z-buffer algorithm (2002)

We describe an efficient hidden-line removal method which is based on the general Z-buffer hidden-surface removal algorithm. This method can be used for effective visualization of three-dimensional wire-frame modelled objects, especially on computers where the Z-buffer algorithm is provided at either hardware or software level. This algorithm has been applied successfully to our human face modelling system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A power-efficient method to mitigate the EMI of Switched-Mode Power Supplies (2011)

Modern microprocessors are predominately powered by the Switched-Mode Power Supplies. Fast switching of the power MOSFETs causes high-frequency voltage and current oscillations in the loop formed by the input decoupling and the MOSFETs. Such oscillations generate significant and broadband EMI noise. Conventional techniques to suppress this noise such as using snubbers, increasing MOSFET gate resistance or employing smaller MOSFETs result in higher power loss, shorter batter life and expensive cooling. This paper proposes an alternative approach to mitigate the EMI based on careful design of input decoupling. The paper shows how input decoupling can be optimized to provide low resistance path for low frequency ripple of the input current, while forcing high-frequency current to flow through a high resistance path. This method effectively increases the decay rate of the oscillations, which in turn decreases the EMI. This method was verified on two laptop designs and the experimental results showed 6dB of EMI reduction with no measurable degradation in the power efficiency.
Aberrant Cellular Behavior of Mutant TorsinA Implicates Nuclear Envelope Dysfunction in DYT1 Dystonia (2004)

Torsion dystonia-1 (DYT1) dystonia, the most common inherited form of dystonia, is caused by a three base pair deletion that eliminates a single amino acid from the disease protein, torsinA. TorsinA is an “AAA” protein thought to reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), yet both its cellular function and the basis for neuronal dysfunction in DYT1 remain unknown. A clue to disease pathogenesis is the fact that mutant, but not wild-type, torsinA forms membranous inclusions in cell culture. To explore the pathobiology of DYT1 dystonia, we generated PC12 neural cell lines that inducibly express wild-type or mutant torsinA. Although in this model torsinA displays some properties consistent with ER localization, mutant torsinA also accumulates in the nuclear envelope (NE), a structure contiguous with cytoplasmic ER. Consistent with this, membranous inclusions formed by mutant torsinA are shown to derive not from the ER, as thought previously, but from the NE. We demonstrate further that torsinA forms different disulfide-linked complexes that may be linked functionally to subcellular localization in the NE versus cytoplasmic ER. Despite mutant TA accumulation in NE structures, nucleocytoplasmic transport of a reporter protein was unaffected. These findings, together with parallel studies failing to demonstrate perturbation of ER function, implicate the NE as a primary site of dysfunction in DYT1. DYT1 dystonia can be added to the growing list of inherited neurological disorders involving the NE.
Performance of Chemical Heat Pump Packed with A New Adsorption Material (2002)

A newly developed material IMPEX, a monolithic adsorbent for NH_3 adsorption/desorption, is applied for residual heat recovery in chemical heat pump. Experimental studies have been made on the enhancement of heat transfer using IMPEX. Reaction rates of the SrCl_2-NH_3 system under several operating conditions are measured to explore the effect of the reaction driving force on the rate. The experiment has shown that IMPEX can greatly improve the heat conductivity in the reactor. It is also shown that SrCl_2-NH_3 is a proper adsorption/desorption system for residual heat recovery.
Automatic Inspection of Foreign Particles on Patterned Sample by Means of Polarized Laser (1981)

Most of the defects of the semi-conductor patterns are caused by the foreign particles on the wafers. We developed an automatic machine which detects the foreign particles (their diameters are larger than 2∼3μm) on a wafer, whether it has patterns or not. The pattern sizes are usually 3∼5μm wide, 1μm high.We illuminate the small area on a wafer by means of the polarized laser obliquelly, and detect the light, which is scattered by the pattern or the foreign particle on the wafer, from right above the wafer. We can find the foreign particles only, by detecting the scattered light of which the angle of palarization is changed. By the use of this machine, we can know quantitatively the number of foreign particles in the making process of a small pattern like that on LSI.
Mechanisms of Iron Porphyrin Reactions with Peroxynitrite (1998)

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a major cytotoxic agent that has been implicated in a host of pathophysiological conditions; it is therefore important to develop therapeutic agents to detoxify this potent biological oxidant, and to understand the modes of action of these agents. Water-soluble iron porphyrins, such as 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4‘-pyridyl)porphinatoiron(III) [Fe(III)TMPyP] and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-sulfonatophenyl)porphinatoiron(III) [Fe(III)TMPS], have been shown to catalyze the efficient decomposition of ONOO- to NO3- and NO2- under physiological conditions. However, the mechanisms of ONOO- decomposition catalyzed by these water-soluble iron porphyrins have not yet been elucidated. We have shown that there are two different pathways operating in the catalytic decomposition of ONOO- by FeTMPyP. Fe(III)TMPyP reacts rapidly with ONOO- to produce oxoFe(IV)TMPyP and NO2 (k ≈ 5 × 107 M-1 s-1). The oxoFe(IV) porphyrin, which persisted throughout the catalytic decomposition of ONOO-, was shown to be relatively unreactive toward NO2 and NO2-. This oxoFe(IV) porphyrin was also shown to react with ONOO- (k = 1.8 × 106 M-1 s-1), and it was this oxoFe(IV)-ONOO- reaction pathway that predominated under conditions of excess ONOO- with respect to Fe(III)TMPyP. The competition between the two pathways explains the highly nonlinear relationship observed for kcat with respect to ONOO- concentration. Fe(III)TMPyP is also known to catalyze the dismutation of the ONOO- precursor superoxide (O2-•), and using stopped-flow spectrophotometry, the rate of Fe(III)TMPyP-catalyzed O2-• dismutation has been determined to be 1.9 × 107 M-1 s-1 by direct measurement. A detailed mechanistic understanding of how iron porphyrins function in the catalytic decomposition of both ONOO- and O2-• may prove essential in the exploration of the chemistry and biology of these reactive oxygen species, and in understanding the biological activity of these metalloporphyrins.
Cost-Effectiveness of the Influenza Vaccine in a Healthy, Working-Age Population (1997)

To determine if the influenza vaccine can reduce absenteeism and the cost of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) in healthy adults in the workplace, a prospective, non-randomized, non-placebo control trial was done in six North Carolina textile plants. One hundred thirty-one vaccinated employees were compared with 131 age- and gender-matched non-vaccines from different plants. Twenty-six (20%) of the vaccinated and 64 (49%) of the unvaccinated group had ILI (P = 0.0000008). Fifteen (11%) of the vaccinated and 31 (24%) of the unvaccinated employees missed work because of ILI (P = 0.01). There were 43 lost workdays in vaccinated and 93 in unvaccinated employees (P = 0.00004). The "cost per saved lost workday" was $22.36, for a company savings of $2.58 per dollar invested in the vaccination program. We concluded that the influenza vaccine can give significant reductions in incidence, absenteeism, and cost associated with ILJ in the workplace.
Path Generation for a Class of Survivable Network Design Problems (2008)

In this paper we address link dimensioning and routing problems related to the area of resilient network design. We present two network design problems that assume different flow restoration schemes used to cope with network failures. In both cases we allow bifurcation of traffic flows in the normal (failure-less) network state. In the case of a failure, we assume that affected primary flows (i.e., flows applied in the normal state) are restored using assigned protection paths and that the primary flows are restored (also in a bifurcated manner) in a separate pool of (protection) capacity, distinct from the basic capacity used in the normal network operation state. The two presented models differ in the way protection paths are used to protect primary flows against different failure states. The first model, called state-independent flow restoration, assumes that once the backup path is assigned it must be used in every state in which the protected primary path fails. The second model allows different protection paths to be used in different network failure states and is called state-dependent flow restoration. The considered problems are formulated as linear programming (LP) problems using link-path (L-P) notation of multi-commodity flow network optimization. As the L-P notation is useful only when an effective column generation scheme is known, we discuss the applicability of this method on the basis of the theory of duality of LP. The paper presents and compares three different approaches and evaluates their usefulness for solving problem instances of practical size.
A quantum sense for dark matter (2022)

By harnessing the strange rules of the subatomic realm, quantum sensors could solve one of the universe's biggest mysteries.
An Unsupervised Learning Based Approach for Mining Attribute Based Access Control Policies (2018)

An Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) model provides a flexible and promising approach for large, dynamic systems/applications and helps overcome the limitations of other prevalent AC approaches. However, the cost of migrating to an ABAC based system is a significant obstacle for organizations. Many large enterprises/applications need to grant access privileges to a huge number of users distributed across disparate computing environments and applications including legacy systems. Each of these applications may have its own access control model. Manual development of a single access control policy through a set of attribute-based policy rules is expensive and time consuming. In this paper, we present a methodology for automatically learning ABAC policy rules from access logs in a system to facilitate the AC policy development process. The proposed approach uses an unsupervised learning-based technique for detecting patterns in a set of access records and extracting ABAC policy rules from these patterns. We present two algorithms, rule pruning, and policy refinement, to improve the quality of the mined policy. Policy refinement algorithms are useful in ABAC policy maintenance, as well. We evaluate our proposed approach on three different sample policies as well as a randomly synthesized policy to show its effectiveness.
Intake of black-vinegar-mash-garlic enhances salivary release of secretory IgA: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study (2016)

Several previous studies have provided evidence that suggests the beneficial effects of garlic and black vinegar on human health, including benefits to immune function. The preliminary study indicated that the intake of black-vinegar-mash-garlic-containing food, created from aged garlic pickled in the mash of black vinegar, enhanced the release of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the saliva. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the food in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. The trial was conducted in subjects aged between 30 and 60 years whose rate of salivary sIgA release was moderately low. Subjects consumed 2.49 g of placebo or black-vinegar-mash-garlic-containing food (active food) daily for 8 weeks. The data obtained with 54 eligible subjects (n=28 and 26 for placebo and active, respectively) were analyzed for efficacy. The rates of salivary sIgA release in the active food group (35.9±84.6 and 47.9±123.4 µg/min at weeks 4 and 8 of intake; changes from pretrial value) were higher compared to the respective rates in the placebo food group (-12.3±72.1 and -3.2±85.9 µg/min, P=0.028 and 0.082, respectively). These findings indicate that intake of black-vinegar-mash-garlic-containing food enhanced the intraoral immune response. There was no adverse event associated with the intake of active food.
Optical self-homodyne DPSK transmission at 1 and 2 Gbit/s over 86 km of fibre (1987)

Optical self-homodyne DPSK transmission has been achieved at 1 and 2 Gbit/s data rates with respective receiver sensitivities of −34.4 dBm and −32.4 dBm at 10−9 BER. No dispersion penalty was observed after transmission through 86 km of optical fibre with 17 ps/μm/km dispersion at the operating wavelength of 1.53 μm.
A Novel Fusion Power Concept Based on Molten-Salt Technology: PACER Revisited (1990)

Modifications to an old concept for using peaceful nuclear explosions to achieve practical fusion power are discussed. With this concept, useful energy and materials are obtained by repetitively setting off nuclear explosions in an underground cavity. This proposal, which is based on molten-salt technology, involves two modifications:1. Line the cavity with steel to make it engineerable and predictable rather than relying on an unsupported earthen cavity such as a cavity excavated in a salt dome.2. Use molten salt rather than steam. More than 70% of the energy released is then absorbed by liquid-salt evaporation, and the pressure to be contained for a given yield can be reduced by a factor of 3 or more.These modifications result in several improvements in the safety and feasibility of the contained fusion concept:1. The tritium produced, being insoluble in the molten salt, can easily be pumped away and purified when all the vaporized salt condenses, rather than being mixed with steam.2. The tritium inventory is substantially reduced, effectively reducing the large hazard in case of accidental venting to the atmosphere.3. Reducing the yield used in the older studies could reduce the cost of the cavity considerably.These improvements may make the concept practical today, and a reexamination of the concept appears in order.
Expectancies, not aroma, explain impact of lavender aromatherapy on psychophysiological indices of relaxation in young healthy women (2007)

Objectives In aromatherapy, lavender aroma is reputed to assist with relaxation. However, while there is much anecdotal evidence to that effect, the empirical literature is very inconsistent. Failure to employ adequate placebos, proper blinding, objective measures, or screening of prior beliefs about aromatherapy means that many previous findings could have been influenced by expectancy biases. The present study sought to establish whether lavender aroma and/or expectancies affect post‐stress relaxation. Design A double‐blind, 3 (aroma)×3 (instruction)×10 (time in minutes) mixed‐factorial placebo‐controlled trial. Method In a laboratory, 96 healthy undergraduate women were exposed to lavender, placebo, or no aroma during physiologically assessed relaxation after an arousing cognitive task. Where an aroma was presented, an instructional priming procedure was used to manipulate participants' expectancies about the aroma's likely impact on their ability to relax. Results Results showed no effect of aroma on galvanic skin response during relaxation. However, the nature of instructional prime was associated with relaxation patterns: when expecting the aroma to inhibit them, participants relaxed more; when expecting facilitation, participants relaxed less. The effect was not seen with regard to self‐reported relaxation (as represented by changes in state anxiety) and was independent of ratings of attitudes towards aromatherapy. Conclusions The findings imply that the previous associations of lavender aroma with assisted relaxation may have been influenced by expectancy biases, and that the relevant expectancies are easily manipulable.
Detecting and Understanding the Roles of Nitric Oxide in Biology (2010)

We are pursuing a dual strategy for investigating the chemistry of nitric oxide as a biological signaling agent. In one approach, metal-based fluorescent sensors for the detection of NO in living cells are evaluated, and a sensor based on a copper fluorescein complex has proved to be a valuable lead compound. Sensors of this class permit identification of NO from both inducible and constitutive forms of nitric oxide synthase and facilitate investigation of different NO functions in response to external stimuli. In the other approach, we employ synthetic model complexes of iron-sulfur clusters to probe their reactivity toward nitric oxide as biomimics of the active sites of iron-sulfur proteins. Our studies reveal that NO disassembles the Fe-S clusters to form dinitrosyl iron complexes.
Medina® Embolization Device for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Safety and Angiographic Effectiveness at 6 Months (2017)

The MED is a new generation device combining the design of a detachable coil and an intrasaccular flow disruption device. According to our early experience, this device is safe and provides a satisfactory occlusion rate at angiographic follow-up of 6 mo.
A Multivalent and Cross-Protective Vaccine Strategy against Arenaviruses Associated with Human Disease (2009)

Arenaviruses are the causative pathogens of severe hemorrhagic fever and aseptic meningitis in humans, for which no licensed vaccines are currently available. Pathogen heterogeneity within the Arenaviridae family poses a significant challenge for vaccine development. The main hypothesis we tested in the present study was whether it is possible to design a universal vaccine strategy capable of inducing simultaneous HLA-restricted CD8+ T cell responses against 7 pathogenic arenaviruses (including the lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Lassa, Guanarito, Junin, Machupo, Sabia, and Whitewater Arroyo viruses), either through the identification of widely conserved epitopes, or by the identification of a collection of epitopes derived from multiple arenavirus species. By inoculating HLA transgenic mice with a panel of recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVACVs) expressing the different arenavirus proteins, we identified 10 HLA-A02 and 10 HLA-A03-restricted epitopes that are naturally processed in human antigen-presenting cells. For some of these epitopes we were able to demonstrate cross-reactive CD8+ T cell responses, further increasing the coverage afforded by the epitope set against each different arenavirus species. Importantly, we showed that immunization of HLA transgenic mice with an epitope cocktail generated simultaneous CD8+ T cell responses against all 7 arenaviruses, and protected mice against challenge with rVACVs expressing either Old or New World arenavirus glycoproteins. In conclusion, the set of identified epitopes allows broad, non-ethnically biased coverage of all 7 viral species targeted by our studies.
Characterization of GaAs devices by a versatile pulsed I-V measurement system (2002)

The authors build and utilized a pulsed I-V system which is capable of reaching any current-voltage point of three-terminal devices from any arbitrarily chosen DC bias point. The system, which can be used on wafer, serves as an invaluable tool for device modeling and process diagnostics. Direct dependence of the pulsed I-V curves on the DC bias was found in GaAs MESFETs and HEMTs (high-electron mobility transistors).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacological activity of some pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. (1979)

The paper reports the pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo of a series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. Some of these compounds have proved to be active in decreasing the body temperature. They are also very active inhibitors of the guinea-pig lung prostaglandin-sintetase.