gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO SULFUR IN THE SPIDER MITE PREDATOR <i>METASEIULUS OCCIDENTALS</i> (1982)

Metaseiulus (= Typhlodromus or Galendromus) occidentalis (Nesbitt), Acarina, Phytoseüdae, colonies collected from California vineyards are resistant to all formulations of sulfur tested. Colonies collected from apple, pear, or almond orchards are susceptible to sulfur. Resistant larvae survive to adulthood on treated leaves whereas susceptible larvae rarely survive to become protonymphs. In contrast, fecundity and longevity of resistant and susceptible adult females on sulfur‐treated leaves are not significantly different. Survival rates of reciprocal F 1 , F 2 , and backcross larvae fit a model in which sulfur resistance is determined by a major semidominant gene. Sons inherit their resistance genes from their mothers, supporting the parahaploidy model for M. occidentalis . An acquired resistance to sulfur has never before been demonstrated in a phytoseiid, or any other biological control agent. RÉSUMÉ Heridité de la résistance au soufre chez l'acarien prédateur , Metaseiulus occidentalis Des colonies de Metaseiulus occidentalis récoltées dans des vignobles de San Joaquin Valley (Californie) sont résistentes (R) à toutes les compositions de soufre utilisées tandis que les colonies récoltées dans des vergers d'amandiers, de poiriers ou de pommiers ainsi que sur mûres sauvages y sont sensibles (S). La résistance se manifeste chez les larves; les larves (R) donnent des adultes sur feuilles traitées tandis que les larves (S) y poursuivent rarement leur développement jusqu'au stade prénymphes. DL 50 est de 27 (12–56) grammes de soufre AI pour 100 litres d'eau pour la colonie de mûres sauvages de Berkeley (95 % CI). Le taux étiqueté est 480 grammes 80 WP/100 litres d'eau. La mortalité des larves de la colonie du vignoble Raven (R) plafonne à 22 %. soit à un quart du taux étiqueté; il n'y a aucune augmentation de la mortalité méme pour des doses correspondant à 32 fois le taux etiqueté. Ainsi, aucune valeur DL 50 ne peut être calculée pour les larves R. Les femelles adultes des colonies R et S ont une longevité et une productivité à peu près normales sur feuilles traitées au soufre. Les larves provenant de F1 de F2 ou de croisements en retour présentent des niveaux élevés de résistance. Dans ces conditions, la résistance de M. occidentalis au soufre correspond à un modèle pour lequel la résistance est provoquée par un gène majeur partiellement dominant. La proportion de descendance femelle survivant au soufre en F1, F2 et croisement retour est conforme au modèle génétique parahaploïde; les adultes mâles parahaploïdes sont supposés hériter leurs gènes R uniquement des mères. C'est la première fois qu'un prédateur phytoseïde, ou n'importe quel agent de lutte biologique, a pu présenter une résistance acquise au soufre.
A new flow cytometric method for quantitative assessment of lymphocyte mitogenic potentials. (1995)

A new flow cytometric method was developed to quantitatively assess lymphocyte proliferation simultaneously for different subsets. The cells were stained with a fluorescent dye, PKH-26 and were stimulated with mitogens. The fluorescence intensities (FL2) of proliferating cells were measured by flow cytometry; and each subset was identified by the use of a monoclonal antibody (Mab)-fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) (FL1). FL2 histograms were then analyzed by the cell proliferation model based on the ModFit software (Verity). This new method revealed information which could not be obtained by conventional mitogen assays. For example, the CD4+ and the CD4- T-subsets responded to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) quite differently from each other and it was indicated that activation of one population could significantly alter the response of the other. In addition, even within a subset, all activated cells did not proliferate uniformly. Some cells divided only once while others underwent further cellular division during the same time period. The method is, therefore, invaluable for studying the nature and the extent of interactions between different cellular subsets within a culture.
Picture the past from the present (2011)

Mobile multimedia computing and services can enhance the ways people live, work, play and travel. In this paper, we present an application of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) technology to retrieving historical images for enhancing the experience of tourists visiting historical attractions. We adapt a video object retrieval approach and use images taken with modern cameras or smartphones as query examples to find other images of the same place from an online historical photograph collection containing over 80,000 images recording the history of the local communities of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire in England over the last hundred years. We present preliminary results to show that advanced video object retrieval technology can be potentially very useful for delivering mobile multimedia services to enable visitors to explore the visual history of attractions.
Enantioselective Addition of Boronates to <i>o</i>-Quinone Methides Catalyzed by Chiral Biphenols (2012)

Chiral biphenols were found to catalyze the enantioselective asymmetric addition of aryl- or alkenylboronates to o-quinone methides. Substituted 2-styryl phenols were obtained in good yields (up to 95%) with high enantiomeric ratios (up to 98:2) in the presence of 10 mol % 3,3'-Br(2)-BINOL. A two-step synthesis of (S)-4-methoxydalbergione in good yield and selectivity was achieved.
Movement of the Helical Domain of the ε Subunit Is Required for the Activation of Thermophilic F1-ATPase (2000)

The inhibitory effect of epsilon subunit in F(1)-ATPase from thermophilic Bacillus PS3 was examined focusing on the structure-function relationship. For this purpose, we designed a mutant for epsilon subunit similar to the one constructed by Schulenberg and Capaldi (Schulenberg, B., and Capaldi, R. A. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 28351-28355). We introduced two cysteine residues at the interface of N-terminal beta-sandwich domain (S48C) and C-terminal alpha-helical domain (N125C) of epsilon subunit. The alpha(3)beta(3)gammaepsilon complex containing the reduced form of this mutant epsilon subunit showed suppressed ATPase activity and gradual activation during the measurement. This activation pattern was similar to the complex with the wild type epsilon subunit. The conformation of the mutant epsilon subunit must be fixed and similar to the reported three-dimensional structure of the isolated epsilon subunit, when the intramolecular disulfide bridge was formed on this subunit by oxidation. This oxidized mutant epsilon subunit could form the alpha(3)beta(3)gammaepsilon complex but did not show any inhibitory effect. The complex was converted to the activated state, and the cross-link in the mutant epsilon subunit in the complex was efficiently formed in the presence of ATP-Mg, whereas no cross-link was observed without ATP-Mg, suggesting the conformation of the oxidized mutant epsilon subunit must be similar to that in the activated state complex. A non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP, 5'-adenylyl-beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate, could stimulate the formation of the cross-link on the epsilon subunit. Furthermore, the cross-link formation was stimulated by nucleotides even when this mutant epsilon subunit was assembled with a mutant alpha(3)beta(3)gamma complex lacking non-catalytic sites. These results indicate that binding of ATP to the catalytic sites induces a conformational change in the epsilon subunit and triggers transition of the complex from the suppressed state to the activated state.
New physical layer features of 3GPP LTE release-13 [Industry Perspectives] (2015)

The worldwide proliferation of versatile mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers) over the last few years have clearly changed people's lifestyles. In parallel, the ever increasing demands of mobile broadband Internet have catalyzed a huge market growth of fourth-generation (4G) cellular services, which is mainly facilitated by radio access technologies including Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE), as well as its enhanced version, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). Generally speaking, LTE-A is referred to as Release-10 of 3GPP standards, and its achievable performance makes it a true 4G technology according to the definitions given by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Genetics and Epidemiology of Adult-type Hypolactasia (1994)

The prevalence of adult-type hypolactasia varies from less than 5% to almost 100% between different populations of the world. The lowest prevalence has been found in northwestern Europe, around the North Sea, and the highest prevalence in the Far East. The reason for the variation is that selective (primary) hypolactasia is genetically determined by an autosomal recessive single gene. It is assumed that thousands of years ago all people had hypolactasia in the same way as most mammals do today. At that time in cultures where milk consumption was started after childhood, lactase persistence had a selective advantage. Those people with lactase persistence were healthier and had more children than people with hypolactasia, and the frequency of the lactase persistence gene started to increase. The present prevalence of hypolactasia can be explained fairly well by this culture historical hypothesis. This article reviews the evidence for the inheritance of adult-type hypolactasia and the occurrence of hypolactasia in different countries and populations of the world.
Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide level predicts kidney prognosis in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (2012)

Elevation of BNP level is associated with an increased risk for accelerated progression of CKD ultimately to ESKD. Monitoring the BNP level could be helpful in the management of combined heart and kidney disease.
Depolarization Alters Phenotype, Maintains Plasticity of Predifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2013)

Although adult stem cell transplantation has been implemented as a therapy for tissue repair, it is limited by the availability of functional adult stem cells. A potential approach to generate stem and progenitor cells may be to modulate the differentiated status of somatic cells. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of how the differentiated phenotype of mature cells is regulated. We hypothesize that bioelectric signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of the differentiated state, as it is a functional regulator of the differentiation process in various cells and tissues. In this study, we asked whether the mature phenotype of osteoblasts and adipocytes derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) could be altered by modulation of their membrane potential. hMSC-derived osteoblasts and adipocytes were depolarized by treatment with ouabain, a Na(+)/K(+) ATPase inhibitor, or by treatment with high concentrations of extracellular K(+). To characterize the effect of voltage modulation on the differentiated state, the depolarized cells were evaluated for (1) the loss of differentiation markers; (2) the up-regulation of stemness markers and stem properties; and (3) differences in gene expression profiles in response to voltage modulation. hMSC-derived osteoblasts and adipocytes exhibited significant down-regulation of bone and fat tissue markers in response to depolarization, despite the presence of differentiation-inducing soluble factors, suggesting that bioelectric signaling overrides biochemical signaling in the maintenance of cell state. Suppression of the osteoblast or adipocyte phenotype was not accompanied by up-regulation of genes associated with the stem state. Thus, depolarization does not activate the stem cell genetic signature and, therefore, does not induce a full reprogramming event. However, after transdifferentiating the depolarized cells to evaluate for multi-lineage potential, depolarized osteoblasts demonstrated improved ability to achieve correct adipocyte morphology compared with nondepolarized osteoblasts. The present study thus demonstrates that depolarization reduces the differentiated phenotype of hMSC-derived cells and improves their transdifferentiation capacity, but does not restore a stem-like genetic profile. Through global transcript profiling of depolarized osteoblasts, we identified pathways that may mediate the effects of voltage signaling on cell state, which will require a detailed mechanistic inquiry in future studies.
18F-FDG PET in characterizing adrenal lesions detected on CT or MRI. (2001)

FDG PET showed excellent diagnostic performance in differentiating adrenal lesions detected on CT or MRI. Because FDG PET has the additional advantage of evaluating the primary lesions as well as metastases, it could be cost-effective and the modality of choice for the characterization of adrenal lesions, especially in patients with malignancy.
Feasibility of creating compression‐molded biocomposite boards from berry fruit pomaces (2009)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the feasibility of creating biocomposite boards from berry fruit pomaces on the basis of a crosslinking mechanism. Blueberry, cranberry, and wine grape pomaces were ground, dried, and mixed with soy flour (SF) or pectin and xanthan gum mixture at a ratio of 1 : 1 and with the addition of 15% glycerol (w/w of pomace and SF). Blueberry pomace (BP) was also blended with NaOH‐modified soy flour (MSF) at pomace/MSF ratios of 1 : 1, 4 : 1, and 9 : 1 and with 5, 10, or 15% glycerol. The mixtures were compression‐molded at 130–140°C into biocomposite boards to evaluate their mechanical and thermal properties, water absorption and solubility, and microstructure. Among the three pomaces, the BP board was the stiffest, whereas the wine grape pomace board was the most flexible. The breaking strength and modulus of elasticity of the BP/MSF boards increased with increasing MSF concentration but decreased with increased glycerol concentration. Mixing the pomace and glycerol into SF shifted the endothermic peaks and initial degradation to lower temperatures compared to that of SF alone. Increasing the glycerol concentration decreased the water absorption but increased the water solubility of the BP/MSF board. The pomace/MSF ratio in the board did not affect ( P > 0.05) the water absorption, but the water solubility increased with increasing pomace concentration. Glycerol addition in the BP/MSF board smoothed the fracture surface, as shown by scanning electron microscopy images. This study may provide an approach to reducing fruit pomace disposal through the development of new value‐added biodegradable products for industrial applications, such as nursery pots and egg cartons. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Ultra-tightly Coupled Vision/GNSS for Automotive Applications (2016)

Global navigation satellite systems have revolutionized the way people are navigating vehicles in unknown environments, and improved the driving experience in complex traffic areas. Satellite based navigation systems however experience their limitations in densely developed areas with high buildings, as satellite signals get attenuated, blocked and reflected by objects in the line of sight between the user and the satellite. Unfortunately, areas with degraded satellite conditions correlate well with areas of more complex navigation requirements, leading to less reliable navigation capabilities where it is needed most. Current in-dash navigation systems integrate additional sensors such as inertial and wheel sensors, with the drawback of vehicle-specific, inaccurate and often biased measurements. With the recent introduction of advanced driver assistance systems, optical systems become attractive additional sensors. Although cost-effective visible light cameras can provide useful measurements, their usage in combination with satellite navigation systems has not attracted much interest up to this date. This research reached the goal of accurate navigation in urban environments by deeply integrating vision sensors with satellite navigation systems, while intentionally omitting inertial sensors. The proposed system was tailored specifically for road vehicles, where the test vehicle was post-equipped with a stereo camera and a custom multi-constellation satellite navigation receiver. The error characteristics of the visual sensor system were simulated in software and tested in a laboratory environment. Furthermore, extensive testing in challenging environments was performed, which shows the advantages and limitations of the proposed system in real environments. The navigation performance of different GNSS only, GNSS/INS and GNSS/vision implementations was compared. The GNSS/vision system provided a continuously available navigation solution, and despite the fact that the used IMU was of cost-intensive tactical grade, the integrated GNSS/vision system consistently outperformed all other systems.
Robust surface registration using salient anatomical features in image-guided liver surgery (2006)

A successful surface based image-to-physical space registration in image-guided liver surgery (IGLS) is critical to provide reliable guidance information and pertinent surface displacement data for use in deformation correction algorithms. The current protocol used to perform the image-to-physical space registration involves an initial pose estimation provided by a point based registration of anatomical landmarks identifiable in both the preoperative tomograms and the intraoperative presentation. The surface based registration is then performed via a traditional iterative closest point algorithm between the preoperative liver surface, segmented from the tomographic image set, and an intra-operatively acquired point cloud of the liver surface provided by a laser range scanner. Using the aforementioned method, the registration accuracy in IGLS can be compromised by poor initial pose estimation as well as tissue deformation due to the liver mobilization and packing procedure performed prior to tumor resection. In order to increase the robustness of the current surface-based registration method used in IGLS, we propose the incorporation of salient anatomical features, identifiable in both the preoperative image sets and intra-operative liver surface data, to aid in the initial pose estimation and play a more significant role in the surface based registration via a novel weighting scheme. The proposed surface registration method will be compared with the traditional technique using both phantom and clinically acquired data. Additionally, robustness studies will be performed to demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to converge to reasonable solutions even under conditions of large deformation and poor initial alignment.
Functionalized graphene/silicon chemi-diode H<sub>2</sub> sensor with tunable sensitivity (2014)

A reverse bias tunable Pd- and Pt-functionalized graphene/Si heterostructure Schottky diode H2 sensor has been demonstrated. Compared to the graphene chemiresistor sensor, the chemi-diode sensor offers more than one order of magnitude higher sensitivity as the molecular adsorption induced Schottky barrier height change causes the heterojunction current to vary exponentially in reverse bias. The reverse bias operation also enables low power consumption, as well as modulation of the atomically thin graphene's Fermi level, leading to tunable sensitivity and detection of H₂ down to the sub-ppm range.
Characteristics and Applications of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) Films (2017)

Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) films have several unique characteristics, high-hardness, wear resistances, low friction, and good chemical stability. Thus, their applications are widely spread, for example, automotive and mechanical sliding parts, cutting tools, and molding dies. In this paper, we describe their deposition processes, film structures, characteristics and mechanical properties, and their applications. Finally, we mention some recent developments and possibilities.
Efficacy of EMLA Cream to Reduce Fear and Pain Associated with Interferon Beta-1a Injection in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (2006)

Fear of pain from injections may affect adherence to needed drug therapy. A single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of EMLA cream in reducing the fear and pain associated with intramuscular (IM) injection during administration of interferon beta-1a to patients with multiple sclerosis. Patients rated fear of injection on a visual analog scale before the injection and rated injection pain following the injection. With the application of EMLA cream, the mean pain-of-injection score was found to be significantly lower than the mean fear-of-injection score. The 18 patients who completed the study experienced a statistically significant decrease in both scores. This study suggests that the use of EMLA cream may reduce the pain and fear associated with IM injections.
Methane Hydrate Drilling Technology (2005)

Abstract Most of the world's resources of hydrocarbons energy remain in the form of methane hydrates or clathrates. These exist naturally as frozen crystalline lattice consisting of molecules of water that have formed an open, cage-like lattice that encloses molecules of methane. For example, if one percent of the methane hydrates deposits in the Gulf of Mexico were to be commercially drillable and produce able, the United States would not be dependent upon foreign imports of oil and gas for the foreseeable future. However, and it must be mentioned early on, methane hydrates present a litany of drilling-related challenges to the conventional methods. To a great degree, this explains why there have been only a few attempts to drill for commercial quantities. Much has been discussed and learned about where methane hydrates of "commercial quantities" are located, reservoir thickness and depth, etc. Commercial quantities have been quantified onshore typically in artic permafrost regions and offshore on the slopes of continental shelves where pressure and temperatures are suitable and methane and water co-exist. Scientific expeditions such as those conducted by the Integrated Offshore Drilling Program (Texas A&M) have extensively mapped and quantified huge deposits, globally. However, little has been written about technologies that exist that appear to have unique potential to enable the safe and effective drilling and production of commercial quantities. In addition to hydrates being only quasi-stable, the crystalline structure packs methane so efficiently, depending upon the purity of the hydrate, it can contain between 70 and 164 times the volume of free gas at standard temperature and pressure vs. the volume of the hydrate prior to dissociation. Because hydrates will dissociate or release free gas upon a decrease of pressure, increase of temperature, or combinations thereof, premature dissociation around the wellbore and within annulus returns to the surface must be avoided during the drilling process. A primary purpose of this paper is to suggest that Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) technology may be uniquely applicable to the successful drilling for commercial quantities. "MPD is an adaptive drilling process used to more precisely control the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore. The objectives are to ascertain the downhole pressure environment limits and to manage the annular hydraulic pressure profile accordingly." Add to this IADC definition of Managed Pressure Drilling an ability to avoid a premature increase in temperature within the wellbore annulus - summarizes the context of this presentation. Given the "size of the prize" and with encouragement by the U.S. Department of Energy, the President of the United States, Japan and others that have announced commitments to developing the technology base to allow commercial production of methane from hydrates deposits by the year 2015, a purpose of this endeavor is to assist in launching serious discussion about methane hydrate drilling technology. MPD has been practiced onshore for at least the past two decades with good success.