gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gecko-inspired climbing behaviors on vertical and overhanging surfaces (2008)

The adhesive and frictional properties of dry adhesive materials can be described by a three-dimensional limit surface in the space of normal and tangential contact forces at the feet. We present the empirically derived limit surface for directional adhesive pads and illustrate its application to controlling the forces at the feet of a robot climbing on arbitrary slopes, including overhanging surfaces. For the directional adhesive patches that we have developed, the limit surface is convex, which permits efficient computation of the desired internal and external forces among the feet to maximize a safety margin with respect to disturbance forces on the robot. The limit surface also intersects the origin in force space, which enables efficient climbing without wasting energy in attaching and detaching the feet. These insights are applied to an experimental climbing platform demonstrating the proper use of directional adhesion and mimicking the climbing behavior seen in geckos.
Key aroma compounds identified in Cheddar cheese with different ripening times by aroma extract dilution analysis, odor activity value, aroma recombination, and omission (2020)

To determine the odor-active compounds in Cheddar cheeses with different ripening times (6, 10, and 14 mo), 39 potent odorants of Cheddar cheeses were identified with a flavor dilution factor range between 1 and 512 by aroma extract dilution analysis. To further determine their contribution to the overall aroma profile of Cheddar cheeses, odor activity values of 38 odorants with flavor dilution factors ≥1 were calculated. A Cheddar cheese matrix was developed to determine the concentrations and the odor thresholds of these key aroma compounds. The result of the aroma recombinant experiment prepared by mixing the key aroma compounds in the concentrations in which they occurred in Cheddar cheeses showed that the overall aroma profile of the recombinant sample was very similar to that of Cheddar cheese. The main different compounds in Cheddar cheese with different ripening time were acetic acid, butanoic acid, dimethyl trisulfide, methional, hexanal, (E)-2-nonenal, acetoin, 1-octen-3-one, δ-dodecalactone, furaneol, hexanoic acid, heptanal, and ethyl caproate. This study could provide important information for researching and developing Cheddar cheese-related products.
Trajectory Synchronization between air and ground trajectory predictors (2011)

Trajectory Based Operations is a key concept of future air traffic management systems in both the United States and Europe. An overarching goal of Trajectory Based Operations is to reduce the uncertainly associated with the prediction of an aircraft's future location through the use of an accurate 4-Dimensional Trajectory. This is not realizable without improving the coordination and interoperability of air and ground systems. By leveraging GE's Flight Management System and aircraft expertise with Lockheed Martin's Air Traffic Control domain expertise including the En Route Automation Modernization system, a research effort has been undertaken to explore and evaluate Trajectory Synchronization and Negotiation concepts that bring airspace operations closer to the business- optimal goal in a safe and efficient manner. This paper focuses on different aspects of Trajectory Synchronization concepts, including existing gaps and shortfalls, and potential approaches to resolve them. An analysis of trajectory synchronization use cases and an air-ground trajectory synchronization algorithm are presented. The simulation infrastructure incorporating actual Flight Management System and En Route Automation Modernization system trajectory predictors is discussed, including simulation results from a trajectory synchronization case study. The cases studied show that consistent trajectory predictions can be achieved between the air and ground systems through trajectory data exchange via Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications uplink and downlink messages as well as the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract service, including the Extended Projected Profile application.
Directional pedestal-free laser Doppler velocimetry without frequency biasing Part 1 (1981)

The spatial structure of the optical field on the detector of a laser Doppler velocimeter is examined. It is shown that for sufficiently small scatterers, the optical field is a traveling wave of shape determined by the detector optics alone. The direction of travel of the optical field reflects that of the scattering particle. Thus, the direction of motion of the particle is determined by temporal correlation of photocurrents from two spatially offset detector arrays. The arrays also eliminate the Doppler pedestal as shown by Ogiwara (1979). In this paper, the theory of the new method is described; experimental implementation will be described in a complementary paper.
254 Time Constants of Controllers and Control Performance of a Magnetic Suspension and Balance System (2005)

Characteristics of two time constants in a control system of a magnetic suspension and balance system (MSBS) are investigated in detail in this study. Influences of the time constants on control performance are also investigated and a performance index to optimize the time constants is proposed. The performance index includes deviation of step response and influence of disturbance, then the time constants can be optimized in consideration of the system stability and the disturbance response. Furthermore, a weight coefficient in the performance index can be used as a criterion between the stability performance and the disturbance rejection performance.
Cell-penetrating TIR BB loop decoy peptides (2007)

Toll-like receptors (TLR), a family of closely related type I, transmembrane, signal transducing proteins, sense invading pathogens early in the immune response to infection and deliver intracellular signals to the cell. Both TLRs and their adapter proteins possess a conserved region, the Toll/IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain. A subregion of approximately 14 amino acids within the TIR domain, the BB loop, enables interactions between certain TLRs or between certain TLRs and their adapter molecules. Use of cell-penetrating decoy peptides composed of the sequence of the Drosophila antennapedia peptide (16 amino acids) juxtaposed to a specific TIR BB loop 14 amino acid sequences enables an evaluation of the relative efficacy of such BB loop peptides to inhibit TIR-TIR interactions and signaling. Moreover, failure of specific BB loop peptides to inhibit signaling suggests that this region of a particular TIR domain is likely to not be involved in signaling. This review discusses cell-penetrating decoy peptides as a new tool to further understanding of the molecular interactions required for TLR signaling and evaluates the potential of this approach for the creation of therapeutic agents.
Nanocarpets for Trapping Microscopic Particles (2004)

Nanocarpets that is, carpets of carbon nanotubes are undergoing development as means of trapping microscopic particles for scientific analysis. Examples of such particles include inorganic particles, pollen, bacteria, and spores. Nanocarpets can be characterized as scaled-down versions of ordinary macroscopic floor carpets, which trap dust and other particulate matter, albeit not purposefully. Nanocarpets can also be characterized as mimicking both the structure and the particle-trapping behavior of ciliated lung epithelia, the carbon nanotubes being analogous to cilia. Carbon nanotubes can easily be chemically functionalized for selective trapping of specific particles of interest. One could, alternatively, use such other three-dimensionally-structured materials as aerogels and activated carbon for the purposeful trapping of microscopic particles. However, nanocarpets offer important advantages over these alternative materials: (1) Nanocarpets are amenable to nonintrusive probing by optical means; and (2) Nanocarpets offer greater surface-to-volume ratios.
Assessment of infant cry: Acoustic cry analysis and parental perception (2005)

Infant crying signals distress to potential caretakers who can alleviate the aversive conditions that gave rise to the cry. The cry signal results from coordination among several brain regions that control respiration and vocal cord vibration from which the cry sounds are produced. Previous work has shown a relationship between acoustic characteristics of the cry and diagnoses related to neurological damage, SIDS, prematurity, medical conditions, and substance exposure during pregnancy. Thus, assessment of infant cry provides a window into the neurological and medical status of the infant. Assessment of infant cry is brief and noninvasive and requires recording equipment and a standardized stimulus to elicit a pain cry. The typical protocol involves 30 seconds of crying from a single application of the stimulus. The recorded cry is submitted to an automated computer analysis system that digitizes the cry and either presents a digital spectrogram of the cry or calculates measures of cry characteristics. The most common interpretation of cry measures is based on deviations from typical cry characteristics. Another approach evaluates the pattern across cry characteristics suggesting arousal or under-arousal or difficult temperament. Infants with abnormal cries should be referred for a full neurological evaluation. The second function of crying--to elicit caretaking--involves parent perception of the infant's needs. Typically, parents are sensitive to deviations in cry characteristics, but their perception can be altered by factors in themselves (e.g., depression) or in the context (e.g., culture). The potential for cry assessment is largely untapped. Infant crying and parental response is the first language of the new dyadic relationship. Deviations in the signal and/or misunderstanding the message can compromise infant care, parental effectiveness, and undermine the budding relationship. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2005;11:83-93.
<title>Surface-geometry measurement using an untracked range-sensor head</title> (2001)

12 The demand to provide greater flexibility in surface- geometry measurement of free-form objects, has led to range sensors which are permitted continuous free motion. However, most devices employ mechanical linkages instrumented with position sensors, or optical or magnetic tracking sensors to determine the position and orientation of the moving range- sensor head. These additional sensors limit the working volume, impede the free movement of the range sensor, or restrict the material allowed in the work environment. This paper presents a method of surface-geometry measurement by a laser-camera range sensor head, which is permitted continuous motion in space, without the need to track its position and orientation by additional sensors.
Efficient MIMO equalization for downlink multi-code CDMA: complexity optimization and comparative study (2005)

We present an efficient LMMSE chip equalizer to suppress the interference caused by the multipath fading channel in the MIMO multi-code CDMA downlink. The block-Toeplitz structure in the correlation matrix is approximated with a block circulant matrix. An FFT-based algorithm is applied to avoid the direct-matrix-inverse (DMI) in the system equation. Hermitian optimization is proposed to further reduce the complexity. A comparative study in both performance and complexity with the conjugate-gradient (CG) algorithm is then presented. The simulation shows very promising results for the FFT-based equalizer compared with both the DMI and CG algorithms.
Limits on Learning Machine Accuracy Imposed by Data Quality (1994)

Random errors and insufficiencies in databases limit the perfor-mance of any classifier trained from and applied to the database. In this paper we propose a method to estimate the limiting perfor-mance of classifiers imposed by the database. We demonstrate this technique on the task of predicting failure in telecommunication paths. 1
Adociasulfates 1−6, Inhibitors of Kinesin Motor Proteins from the Sponge <i>Haliclona</i> (aka <i>Adocia</i>) sp. (1999)

Adociasulfates 1−6 (1−6) were isolated from an extract of the Palauan sponge Haliclona (aka Adocia) sp. that inhibited the transport of stabilized microtubules by the motor protein kinesin, which was immobilized on a microscope slide. The structures of adociasulfates 1−6, the relative stereochemistry of adociasulfates 1, 2, 5, and 6, and the relative stereochemistry of subunits of adociasulfates 3 and 4 were determined by interpretation of spectroscopic data. In a quantitative assay that measures ATP hydrolysis by kinesin, adociasulfates 2 and 6 were the most active.
Immunization of rats with heat-labile enterotoxin provides uniform protection against heterologous serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (1981)

Rats immunized with Escherichia coli heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin, either in the form of the holotoxin derived from a transformed K-12 strain or the polymyxin-release form obtained from human strains which produce LT toxin alone (LT+/ST- [ST is heat-stable toxin)] or together with ST toxin (LT+/ST+), were challenged with viable organisms of 10 different serotypes, 5 LT+/ST- and 5 LT+/ST+. The serum antitoxin response was monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the degree of protection was determined by challenge in ligated ileal loops. Immunization with the holotoxin provided a strong antitoxin response and protection against all 10 challenge strains. Immunization with toxin from the LT+/ST+ strain provided equally strong protection against all strains, but immunization with toxin from the LT+/ST- strain yielded only a weak antitoxin response, moderate protection against challenge with LT+/ST- strains, and no protection against LT+/ST- strains, increasing by fivefold the immunization dosage of the LT+/ST- toxin failed to enhance protection. These observations (i) establish the fact that immunization with the LT holotoxin provides uniformly strong protection against heterologous serotypes and (ii) indicate that, for reasons which remain to be determined, the immunogenicity of the polymyxin-release LT from an LT+/ST+ strain differs from that of an LT+/ST- strain.
<title>Application of smart submunition technology to agribusiness</title> (1993)

A range-image sensor for controlling an agricultural spraying system and the military range- image technology upon which the sensor is based are discussed. Initial testing in an orange grove in Orlando, Florida indicates that sensor control optimizes the chemical spraying process and reduces environmental pollution.
Application of Characteristic Modes and Non-Foster Multiport Loading to the Design of Broadband Antennas (2009)

A conceptual framework is proposed to systematically design antennas with broadband impedance and pattern characteristics using multiple reactive loads. Antennas of arbitrary geometry can have their bandwidths expanded using this technique. The technique is applied to a narrow band thin wire dipole antenna to demonstrate its main features. It is shown that the loaded antenna resonates a desired current over a wide frequency band. The loads are shown to require non-Foster elements when realized. Simulations demonstrate the broadband characteristics of both the dipole input impedance and radiation pattern.
Highly Stable Near-Unity Photoluminescence Yield in Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> by Fluoropolymer Encapsulation and Superacid Treatment (2017)

Recently, there has been considerable research interest in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for future optoelectronic applications. It has been shown that surface passivation with the organic nonoxidizing superacid bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (TFSI) produces MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub> monolayers whose recombination is at the radiative limit, with a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of ∼100%. While the surface passivation persists under ambient conditions, exposure to conditions such as water, solvents, and low pressure found in typical semiconductor processing degrades the PL QY. Here, an encapsulation/passivation approach is demonstrated that yields near-unity PL QY in MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub> monolayers which are highly stable against postprocessing. The approach consists of two simple steps: encapsulation of the monolayers with an amorphous fluoropolymer and a subsequent TFSI treatment. The TFSI molecules are able to diffuse through the encapsulation layer and passivate the defect states of the monolayers. Additionally, we demonstrate that the encapsulation layer can be patterned by lithography and is compatible with subsequent fabrication processes. Therefore, our work presents a feasible route for future fabrication of highly efficient optoelectronic devices based on TMDCs.
Ribozyme-Mediated Cleavage of the Estrogen Receptor Messenger RNA and Inhibition of Receptor Function in Target Cells (1999)

Estrogen receptor (ER) functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor for estrogen-regulated genes. Because of the critical role of the ER in the proliferation of certain estrogen-dependent cancer cell types such as the mammary tumor, inhibitors of estrogen action at the level of receptor function are of major clinical interest. Here we describe developments of two ribozymes that can selectively degrade the human ER mRNA and inhibit trans-activation of an artificial promoter containing the estrogen response element. Two ribozymes, designated RZ-1 and RZ-2, cleave the human ER alpha mRNA at nucleotide positions +956 and +889, respectively. These cleavage sites lie within the coding sequence for the DNA-binding domain of the receptor protein. Both RZ-1 and RZ-2 were also effective in inhibiting the progression of quiescent MCF-7 breast cancer cells to the S phase of the cell cycle after their exposure to 17beta-estradiol (10(-9) M). These results provide a new avenue for inhibition of estrogen action by selective mRNA degradation with its potential therapeutic application through targeted gene delivery vectors.
Real time chemical vapor detection and enhancement utilizing aerosol adsorption (1999)

A new trace gas detection system, using the high surface area properties of an aerosol to adsorb specific gas species and the high sensitivity and near real time capabilities of the infrared aerosol analyzer, has been successfully demonstrated. A new technique is described that allows certain chemical vapor species to be detected in time frames on the order of 2 min. The technique uses aerosols of selected materials to adsorb the vapor from an air sample, concentrating the vapor onto the surface of the aerosol, then depositing the particles onto a substrate for infrared analysis. For 1 min sample collection times, discernable signals were observed for SO2 levels as low as 2.3 ppm and NH3 concentrations as low as 1.5 ppm. Dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) vapors from a room temperature container were also detected. Preliminary results indicate that the measured absorbance is a monotonic function of the quantity of the trace gas injected, which gives encouraging evidence that a quantitative determination of the amounts of trace gases present in the atmosphere can be made in many cases. Trace gas detection is dependent upon the aerosol material chosen as the absorbent. For this work, copper (II) chloride and copper (II) sulfate were found to adsorb NH3, SO2, and DMMP. The copper compounds did not absorb NO or NO2. This enables the system to reduce the myriad potential interferences that can exist when sampling the atmosphere. The ammonia complex detected by this technique could be one of many such complexes that can be formed by properly matching the aerosol material and trace gas. As such, the process could be tailored to specific gas/aerosol combinations that could be used to unambiguously identify gaseous effluents of interest.
${K}_{a}$–Band All-Resonant Photonic Microwave Receiver (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We demonstrate a microwave photonic receiver operating at 35-GHz carrier frequency with a sensitivity exceeding <emphasis emphasistype="italic"><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex></formula></emphasis>70 dBm in a 3-MHz frequency band and possessing more than 40-dB dynamic range when operated in the direct detection mode. The receiver is based on a lithium niobate optical whispering gallery mode resonator coupled to a microwave strip line resonator. We theoretically analyze the performance of the receiver and estimate its optimal achievable sensitivity and dynamic range. </para>
Plug-and-play electronic capacitor for VRM applications (2016)

This paper introduces a new plug-and-play transient suppression unit (TSU) to enhance the performance and reduce the overall volume of voltage regulator modules (VRMs). The TSU acts as an electronic capacitor that is realized by switched-capacitor technology, mimics an increased capacitance during load transients. The unit connects in parallel to any existing tightly-regulated power supply without affecting the performance, and does not require any changes or interference in the design of the VRM. The resultant dynamic performance for load transients is significantly improved while the steady-state precision of the original design is intact. Furthermore, the unit is fully independent and is connected at the load-side of the converter, and as a result does not affect the input filter. The operation of the electronic capacitor is verified on a 30W, 12V-to-5V commercial buck converter evaluation module, demonstrating a near-ideal transient recovery with reduced output voltage deviation and settling time.
10.1162/15324430152748236 (2000)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The antibody 2B4 directed against the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) detects MAGE‐4: implications for studies on the EBV association of human cancers (2006)

We have previously developed two monoclonal antibodies against the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1), designated 1H4 and 2B4. Both detect EBNA1 by in situ staining in established EBV-positive tumours, e.g. Hodgkin's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. An association of EBV with other tumours, notably breast carcinomas, has been reported but remains controversial. Using the antibody 2B4, a nuclear protein has been detected in breast carcinomas that were EBV-negative by other methods, suggesting cross-reactivity with a cellular protein. Furthermore, an association of EBV with various other carcinomas has been reported on the basis of 2B4 immunohistochemistry. Here we show that 2B4 also binds to MAGE-4, a cancer testis antigen expressed in a variety of tumour cells, including breast carcinoma, seminoma and EBV-negative cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma. We conclude that the 2B4 antibody is not suitable for the detection of EBV infection but that additional techniques, particularly in situ hybridization for the detection of the EBV-encoded RNAs (EBERs), should be employed to confirm the presence of EBV. Our results add to the evidence indicating that breast cancer is not an EBV-associated disease.