gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless power transfer optimization for nonlinear passive backscatter devices (2013)

We present a method for enhancing far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) to nonlinear, passive UHF RFID backscatter transponders using a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) base station. The proposed method does not require on-tag power measurements or on-tag channel estimation, either of which would add significant complexity and power consumption for microwatt-class wirelessly powered devices such as passive UHF RFID tags. We show in a measurement-based proof of concept that WPT optimization to nonlinear backscatter transponders is possible solely based on the backscatter signal, without knowledge of the incident power level at the tag or prior knowledge of the tag's characteristics. Using an 8×8 MIMO transceiver array to optimize power delivery, we observed an average WPT enhancement of 8.9 dB relative to an un-optimized 8-transmitter configuration across a 50m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> volume in an office/lab environment. We also show that power to a given tag can be selectively denied, with a notch depth of -106.4 dB (noise floor of the presented measurements). These results are comparable to values previously observed for linear backscatter transponders, and suggest that the use of MIMO interrogators could lead to improved forward-link performance and thus efficiently provide power for sensors or other new power-hungry functions on passive transponders.
Multi-scale photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS)(Conference Presentation) (2016)

We introduce a novel multi-scale photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) imaging system. Our system can provide optical resolution details for superficial structures as well as acoustic resolution for deep-tissue imaging down to 5 cm, in a non-contact setting. PARS system does not require any contact with the sample or ultrasound coupling medium. The optical resolution PARS (OR-OARS) system uses optically focused pulsed excitation with optical detection of photoacoustic signatures using a long-coherence interrogation beam co-focused and co-scanned with the excitation spot. In the OR-PARS initial pressures are sampled right at their subsurface origin where acoustic pressures are largest. The Acoustic resolution PARS (AR-PARS) picks up the surface oscillation of the tissue caused by generated photoacoustic signal using a modified version of Michelson interferometry. By taking advantage of 4-meters polarization maintaining single-mode fiber and a green fiber laser we have generated a multi-wavelength source using stimulated Raman scattering. Remote functional imaging using this multi-wavelength excitation source and PARS detection mechanism has been demonstrated. The oxygen saturation estimations are shown for both phantom and in vivo studies. Images of blood vessel structures for an In vivo chicken embryo model is demonstrated. The Phantom studies indicates ~3µm and ~300µm lateral resolution for OR-PARS and AR-PARS respectively. To the best of our knowledge this is the first dual modality non-contact optical and acoustic resolution system used for in vivo imaging.
Device pacing diagnostics overestimate effective cardiac resynchronization therapy pacing results of the hOLter for Efficacy analysis of CRT (OLÉ CRT) study (2017)

Current device pacing diagnostics overestimate the amount of CRT pacing actually delivered. The new algorithm quantifies ineffective CRT pacing, which enables clinicians to identify patients with this issue and to address the reasons behind suboptimal CRT delivery.
Design and implementation of recording and readout system for micro-holographic optical data storage (2010)

A lens design having constant working distance while having variable recording depth for micro holographic data storage system has been proposed. Variation of focal length is suppressed for the entire depth within 1% which enables focusing and tracking servoing without changing servo parameters.
Passing vehicle detection from dynamic background using robust information fusion (2005)

This work presents a robust method of passing vehicle detection. Obstacle detection algorithms that rely on motion estimation tend to be sensitive to image outliers caused by structured noise and shadows. To achieve a reliable vision system, we have developed two important techniques, motion estimation with robust information fusion and dynamic scene modeling. By exploiting the uncertainty of flow estimates, our information fusion scheme gives robust estimation of image motion. In addition, we also model the background and foreground dynamics of road scenes and impose coherency constraints to eliminate outliers. The proposed detection scheme is used by a single-camera vision system developed for driver assistance. Our test results have shown superior performance achieved by the new detection method.
Photoinduced Reduction of Pt<sup>IV</sup> within an Anti‐Proliferative Pt<sup>IV</sup>–Texaphyrin Conjugate (2014)

Abstract Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Jonathan Sessler at The University of Texas at Austin and Zahid Siddik at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. The cover picture depicts a tumor‐targeting texaphyrin platinum(IV) conjugate that undergoes controlled reduction and subsequent release of the platinum moiety that can then bind DNA. This conjugate is found to inhibit cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cell lines. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201403094 .
A bipartite system for the constitutive and inducible expression of high levels of foreign proteins in plants (2005)

We have developed combined transgene/virus vector systems for the expression of heterologous proteins in plants. The systems are based on the bipartite RNA plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), and involve the amplification of integrated copies of either full-length or deleted versions of RNA-2 carrying a foreign gene. In the case of plants transgenic for full-length versions of RNA-2 carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP), amplification can be achieved by supplying RNA-1 either exogenously or by crossing. This allows either inducible or constitutive expression of the foreign gene and results in an infection that can be passaged to further plants. Replication of deleted versions of RNA-2 harbouring GFP requires the presence of both RNA-1 and a suppressor of gene silencing, a function which we show can be supplied by HcPro from potato virus Y. Replication of the deleted versions of RNA-2 can be achieved by supplying the suppressor and RNA-1 either exogenously or by crossing, showing that this system can also be used in an inducible and constitutive format. The use of deleted forms of RNA-2 has the advantage that no infectious virus is produced, providing an effective method of biocontainment. The CPMV-based systems have advantages over existing plant expression systems in terms of the expression levels obtainable and the simplicity and flexibility of use, and should be of great practical benefit in the development of plants as bioreactors.
Longitudinal shear wave imaging for elasticity mapping using optical coherence elastography (2017)

Shear wave measurements for the determination of tissue elastic properties have been used in clinical diagnosis and soft tissue assessment. A shear wave propagates as a transverse wave where vibration is perpendicular to the wave propagation direction. Previous transverse shear wave measurements could detect the shear modulus in the lateral region of the force; however, they could not provide the elastic information in the axial region of the force. In this study, we report the imaging and quantification of longitudinal shear wave propagation using optical coherence tomography to measure the elastic properties along the force direction. The experimental validation and finite element simulations show that the longitudinal shear wave propagates along the vibration direction as a plane wave in the near field of a planar source. The wave velocity measurement can quantify the shear moduli in a homogeneous phantom and a side-by-side phantom. Combining the transverse shear wave and longitudinal shear wave measurements, this system has great potential to detect the directionally dependent elastic properties in tissues without a change in the force direction.
Design of a mid-IR immersion echelle grating spectrograph for remote sensing (1995)

We describe the design of a silicon immersion grating spectrograph for the remote detection of chemicals in the atmosphere. The instrument is designed to operate in the two atmospheric windows from 2.3 to 2.5 and 2.8 to 4.2 microns at a resolution of 0.1 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>. This is achieved by cross dispersing a high order silicon immersion echelle (13.5 grooves/mm) and a first order concave grating operating in a reflective configuration to generate a 2D spectrum in the image plane with diffraction limited performance.
TU-CD-207-11: Patient-Driven Automatic Exposure Control for Dedicated Breast CT (2015)

Purpose: To implement automatic exposure control (AEC) in dedicated breast CT (bCT) on a patient-specific basis using only the pre-scan scout views. Methods: Using a large cohort (N=153) of bCT data sets, the breast effective diameter (D) and width in orthogonal planes (Wa,Wb) were calculated from the reconstructed bCT image and pre-scan scout views, respectively. D, Wa, and Wb were measured at the breast center-of-mass (COM), making use of the known geometry of our bCT system. These data were then fit to a second-order polynomial “D=F(Wa,Wb)” in a least squares sense in order to provide a functional form for determining the breast diameter. The coefficient of determination (R2) and mean percent error between the measured breast diameter and fit breast diameter were used to evaluate the overall robustness of the polynomial fit. Lastly, previously-reported bCT technique factors derived from Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the tube current required for each breast diameter in order to match two-view mammographic dose levels. Results: F(Wa,Wb) provided fitted breast diameters in agreement with the measured breast diameters resulting in R2 values ranging from 0.908 to 0.929 and mean percent errors ranging from 3.2% to 3.7%. For all 153 bCT data sets used in this study, the fitted breast diameters ranged from 7.9 cm to 15.7 cm corresponding to tube current values ranging from 0.6 mA to 4.9 mA in order to deliver the same dose as two-view mammography in a 50% glandular breast with a 80 kV x-ray beam and 16.6 second scan time. Conclusion: The present work provides a robust framework for AEC in dedicated bCT using only the width measurements derived from the two orthogonal pre-scan scout views. Future work will investigate how these automatically chosen exposure levels affect the quality of the reconstructed image.
Transcriptome for Photobiological Hydrogen Production Induced by Sulfur Deprivation in the Green Alga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2008)

Photobiological hydrogen production using microalgae is being developed into a promising clean fuel stream for the future. In this study, microarray analyses were used to obtain global expression profiles of mRNA abundance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at different time points before the onset and during the course of sulfur-depleted hydrogen production. These studies were followed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and protein analyses. The present work provides new insights into photosynthesis, sulfur acquisition strategies, and carbon metabolism-related gene expression during sulfur-induced hydrogen production. A general trend toward repression of transcripts encoding photosynthetic genes was observed. In contrast to all other LHCBM genes, the abundance of the LHCBM9 transcript (encoding a major light-harvesting polypeptide) and its protein was strongly elevated throughout the experiment. This suggests a major remodeling of the photosystem II light-harvesting complex as well as an important function of LHCBM9 under sulfur starvation and photobiological hydrogen production. This paper presents the first global transcriptional analysis of C. reinhardtii before, during, and after photobiological hydrogen production under sulfur deprivation.
BRAVO—Biased Locking for Reader-Writer Locks (2018)

Designers of modern reader-writer locks confront a difficult trade-off related to scalability. Locks that have a compact memory representation for active readers will typically suffer under high intensity read-dominated workloads when the reader indicator' state is updated frequently by a diverse set of threads, causing cache invalidation and coherence traffic. Other designs, such as cohort reader-writer locks, use distributed indicators, one per NUMA node. This improves reader-reader scalability, but also increases the size of each lock instance. We propose a simple transformation BRAVO, that augments any existing reader-writer lock, adding just two integer fields to the lock instance. Readers make their presence known to writers by hashing their thread's identity with the lock address, forming an index into a visible readers table. Readers attempt to install the lock address into that element in the table, making their existence known to potential writers. All locks and threads in an address space can share the visible readers table. Updates by readers tend to be diffused over the table, resulting in a NUMA-friendly design. Crucially, readers of the same lock tend to write to different locations in the array, reducing coherence traffic. Specifically, BRAVO allows a simple compact lock to be augmented so as to provide scalable concurrent reading but with only a modest increase in footprint.
Identification of the Enteropathogens <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>Campylobacter coli</i> Based on the <i>cadF</i> Virulence Gene and Its Product (1999)

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are common causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Infection with C. jejuni or C. coli is commonly acquired by eating undercooked chicken. The goal of this study was to develop specific detection assays for C. jejuni and C. coli isolates based on the cadF virulence gene and its product. The cadF gene from C. jejuni and C. coli encodes a 37-kDa outer membrane protein that promotes the binding of these pathogens to intestinal epithelial cells. A fragment of approximately 400 bp was amplified from 38 of 40 (95%) C. jejuni isolates and 5 of 6 (83.3%) C. coli isolates with primers designed to amplify an internal fragment of the cadF gene. PCR was then used to amplify Campylobacter DNA from store-bought chickens. A 400-bp band was amplified from 26 of the 27 chicken carcasses tested by the PCR-based assay. The CadF protein was detected in every C. jejuni and C. coli isolate tested, as judged by immunoblot analysis with a rabbit anti-C. jejuni 37-kDa serum. In addition, methanol-fixed samples of whole-cell C. jejuni and C. coli were detected with the rabbit anti-37-kDa serum by using an indirect-immunofluorescence microscopy assay. These findings indicate that the cadF gene and its product are conserved among C. jejuni and C. coli isolates and that a PCR assay based on the cadF gene may be useful for the detection of Campylobacter organisms in food products.
Identification of a Transcriptional Activator (ChnR) and a 6-Oxohexanoate Dehydrogenase (ChnE) in the Cyclohexanol Catabolic Pathway in <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp. Strain NCIMB 9871 and Localization of the Genes That Encode Them (1999)

We identified chnR, a gene encoding an AraC-XylS type of transcriptional activator that regulates the expression of chnB, the structural gene for cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) in Acinetobacter sp. strain NCIMB 9871. The gene sequence of chnE, which encodes an NADP(+)-linked 6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase, the enzyme catalyzing the fifth step of cyclohexanol degradation, was also determined. The gene arrangement is chnB-chnE-chnR. The predicted molecular masses of the three polypeptides were verified by radiolabeling by using the T7 expression system. Inducible expression of cloned chnB in Escherichia coli depended upon the presence of chnR. A transcriptional chnB::lacZ fusion experiment revealed that cyclohexanone induces chnB expression in E. coli, in which a 22-fold increase in activity was observed.
Novel detector systems for the Positron Emission Tomography (2013)

In this contribution we describe a novel solution for the construction of Positron Emission Tomograph. We present the device allowing for determination of the impact position as well as time and deph of interaction of the annihilation gamma quanta. The device is comprised of scintillation chamber consisting of organic scintillators surrounding the body of the patient. We discuss two possible solutions: (i) the tomograph built out of scintillator strips, and (ii) the tomograph built out of the scintillator plates. The application of the fast scintillators will enable to take advantage of the difference between time of the registration of the annihilation quanta. The invented method will permit to use a thick layers of detector material with the possibility of measuring the depth of the gamma quantum interaction (DOI) and the determination of their time of flight (TOF), and will allow for increasing the size of the diagnostic chamber without a significant increase of costs. The method is a subject of two patent applications which are based on the techniques used in the particle physics experiments.
A CTLA-4 Antagonizing DNA Aptamer with Antitumor Effect (2017)

The successful translation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blockade has revolutionized the concept of cancer immunotherapy. Although monoclonal antibody therapeutics remain the mainstream in clinical practice, aptamers are synthetic oligonucleotides that encompass antibody-mimicking functions. Here, we report a novel high-affinity CTLA-4-antagonizing DNA aptamer (dissociation constant, 11.84 nM), aptCTLA-4, which was identified by cell-based SELEX and high-throughput sequencing. aptCTLA-4 is relatively stable in serum, promotes lymphocyte proliferation, and inhibits tumor growth in cell and animal models. Our study demonstrates the developmental pipeline of a functional CTLA-4-targeting aptamer and suggests a translational potential for aptCTLA-4.
A high-voltage, low-temperature molten sodium battery enabled by metal halide catholyte chemistry (2021)

Despite its promise as a safe, reliable system for grid-scale electrical energy storage, traditional molten sodium (Na) battery deployment remains limited by cost-inflating high-temperature operation. Here, we describe a high-performance sodium iodide-gallium chloride (NaI-GaCl3) molten salt catholyte that enables a dramatic reduction in molten Na battery operating temperature from near 300°C to 110°C. We demonstrate stable, high-performance electrochemical cycling in a high-voltage (3.65 V) Na-NaI battery for >8 months at 110°C. Supporting this demonstration, characterization of the catholyte physical and electrochemical properties identifies critical composition, voltage, and state of charge boundaries associated with this enabling inorganic molten salt electrolyte. Symmetric and full cell testing show that the catholyte salt can support practical current densities in a low-temperature system. Collectively, these studies describe the critical catholyte properties that may lead to the realization of a new class of low-temperature molten Na batteries.
Reverberation Reduction for Better Speech Recognition (2005)

In this paper we present a dereverberation algorithm for improving automatic speech recognition (ASR) results with minimal CPU overhead. As the reverberation tail hurts ASR the most, late reverberation is reduced via gain-based spectral subtraction. We use a multi-band decay model with an efficient method to update it in realtime. In reverberant environments the multi-channel version of the proposed algorithm reduces word error rates (WER) up to one half of the way between those of a microphone array only and a close-talk microphone. The four channel implementation requires less than 2% of the CPU power of a modern computer.
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay. iii. an automated system for therapeutic drug determination. (1981)

A fully automated system for performing fluorescence polarization immunoassay has been developed. Reagents for each assay are contained in coded reagent packs, and no reagent reconstitution is required. A common buffer is used for all assays, minimizing changeover and set-up times for each assay. A single sample may be assayed in 5 min, or 20 samples in 10 min. A single-tube blank subtraction for each sample results in highly precise polarization values and obviates sample interferences. We have used this method for assays of gentamicin, theophylline, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. CVs are 1-4%, and the results correlate well with those by other methods. Because of the instrument design and the stability of the reagents, daily calibration is not required; samples may therefore be run immediately upon receipt or batched as desired.
The Evolution of Real-time Parking Data (2012)

This presentation will cover technologies used for collecting real-time parking space availability information including traditional loops and barriers as well as more recent developments such as sensor mesh networks. The talk will also include uses of real-time parking availability data in areas such as traffic management and urban mobility as well as the distribution of this data to drivers. The presentation will conclude with case studies that highlight the benefits of real-time availability data for car park operators, municipalities and drivers.
An architecture for a radix-4 modular pipeline fast Fourier transform (2004)

We present a radix-4 modular pipeline architecture for computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). For an N-point DFT, two conventional pipeline /spl radic/N-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) modules are joined by a specialized center element. The center element contains memories, coefficient ROMs, multipliers, and control logic. Compared with a standard N-point pipeline FFT, the modular FFT significantly reduces the number of delay lines to 2/spl radic/N. Further, the coefficient storage is concentrated within the center element, thereby reducing the ROM requirement within the pipeline FFT modules. The centralized memory and address generator provide data storage and reordering. The architecture has been analyzed through simulation and compared to the conventional pipeline FFT. The throughput of a standard radix-4 pipeline FFT is maintained with a slightly higher end-to-end latency. A reduction in power is achieved because the modular pipeline exhibits N/2 bit transitions on each clock as compared to y bit transitions in the conventional pipeline.
Achieving clinically viable 12-CM readout distance from micromachined implantable intraocular pressure sensor using a standard clinical slit lamp (2016)

Achieving a practical readout distance for implantable intraocular pressure (IOP) sensors is an essential step toward commercialization yet has remained as a major challenge. Using the Zeiss SL-30 slit lamp — a standard ophthalmic scope widely used by clinicians, we have demonstrated an optical readout distance of 12 cm from a micromachined IOP sensor implanted in an ex-vivo rabbit eye. We show that we have achieved this readout distance by (1) redesigning the sensing area of the IOP sensor and its fabrication steps to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio; and (2) incorporating a novel robust detection algorithm, which includes a much-improved opto-mechanical model, that allows us to remove the background noise and instantaneously map the sensor's optical signal to the corresponding IOP value. A significant increase in readout distance accomplished using a well established ophthalmic clinical scope makes our IOP system a more clinically viable choice.