gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<p>The correlation of muscle thickness and pennation angle assessed by ultrasound with sarcopenia in elderly Chinese community dwellers</p> (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Sarcopenia is typically defined as the loss of muscle mass, strength and low physical performance with aging. Ultrasound is a safe and easy method for evaluating muscle mass and quality by muscle thickness (MT) and pennation angle (PA), respectively. Although the positive correlations between MT and muscle mass and handgrip strength were observed, the relationship between MT, PA and physical performance remains unclear. <b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to investigate the correlation of aforementioned ultrasound parameters with muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance and explore the utility of ultrasound in predicting sarcopenia. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A total of 265 elderly Chinese community dwellers were included. MT of both forearm and lower leg as well as PA of gastrocnemius was assessed by ultrasound. Muscle mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was measured by a Jamar hand dynamometer. Physical performance was assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). <b>Results:</b> Anterior radial MT in men and regional MTs except posterior fibula in women were negatively correlated with the age. No significant correlation was observed between PA and the age in both genders. Posterior tibial MT and posterior fibula MT were positively correlated with the relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men and women, respectively. Anterior ulnar MT was positively correlated with grip strength in both genders. Moreover, gastrocnemius medialis PA showed a positive association with gait speed and SPPB in women but not in men. <b>Conclusion:</b> A combination of posterior fibula MT, anterior ulnar MT and gastrocnemius medialis PA measured by muscle ultrasound is helpful for the assessment of sarcopenia in Chinese elderly women. In addition, a combination of posterior tibial MT and anterior ulnar MT measured by muscle ultrasound is helpful for the assessment of sarcopenia in Chinese elderly men.
Design of KDM4 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Effects in Cancer Models (2017)

Histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) play a vital role in the regulation of chromatin-related processes. Herein, we describe our discovery of a series of potent KDM4 inhibitors that are both cell permeable and antiproliferative in cancer models. The modulation of histone H3K9me3 and H3K36me3 upon compound treatment was verified by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay and by mass spectroscopy detection. Optimization of the series using structure-based drug design led to compound <b>6</b> (QC6352), a potent KDM4 family inhibitor that is efficacious in breast and colon cancer PDX models.
Metal‐containing coordination polymers. XIV. Relations between the structure and the melt viscosity of polyesters containing Mg ions (1983)

Abstract Rheological properties of coordination polymers formed in the reaction of low‐molecular‐weight (about 1000) polyesters with MgO were studied. The melt viscosity and activation energy of viscous flow were measured as functions of Mg content and temperature. Rheological behavior was discussed in view of the chemical structure of these systems and correlated with qualitative and quantitative conditions of the coordination bonds. Melts of Mg complexes of amorphous and semicrystalline polyesters showed identical rheological results.
Effects of the facial and racial features on gender classification (2010)

This paper presents an experimental study on examining the effects of facial and racial features on gender classification. In order to show which facial feature is the most influential for gender classification, parts of several face images, such as, forehead, eyebrows, eyes, nose, lip and chin were masked. For dimension reduction, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and for determination of gender, Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) algorithms were applied to masked face images. Moreover, the effects of racial features on gender classification were studied. Experimental results indicated that the nose is the most influential part for gender classification. Furthermore the gender of the Asian people is more easily distinguished than that of the people of African origin.
Effect of oblique sputtering on microstructural modification of ZnO thin films (1997)

The effects of oblique sputtering on microstructural modification of ZnO films were investigated. Surface morphologies of the films were profoundly modified with an incidence angle. By using pure Ar gas, etch pits, pyramids, ridge, and ledgelike structures were developed on the film surface. By using Ar/O2 mixture gas, large elongated grains, which aligned perpendicular to the direction of incidence vapor at incidence angle above 80°, were formed on the fine columnar matrix. The x-ray Schulz method showed that the (002) pole located away from the direction of incoming vapor at low incidence angles, while the (101) pole uniformly distributed as a concentric ring. For films deposited at high angles, the (002) pole inclined toward an incoming vapor, while the (101) pole moved to the central region. In this case, (110) poles had a tendency to align biaxially. The topological modification and crystallographic orientation change could be explained with an adatom mobility and crystallographic geometry contribution.
Evaluating Wildlife Response to Coastal Dune Habitat Restoration in San Francisco, California (2009)

Abstract The vast dune system that once dominated the entire western half of the San Francisco peninsula in California has been reduced to a few fragments that conserve locally threatened plant and animal species. We measured the effects of ongoing restoration efforts on wildlife abundance and diversity on one of the largest of these fragments, Fort Funston in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Efforts included removal of non-native species, active restoration of native dune vegetation, and restricted visitor use. We collected data regarding the composition and abundance of vegetation, birds, and ground-dwelling vertebrates on four treatments including an actively restored area with restricted visitor use, an unrestored area where visitor use had been restricted for ten years, an unrestored area where visitor use had been restricted for two years, and an unrestored area with unrestricted visitor use. Results indicated that the diversity and abundance of wildlife species, as well as the richness and cover of native plant species, were greater in the restored area than in all other sampled areas. Restricted visitor use alone had only modest positive effects on the abundance and diversity of wildlife and the richness and cover of native plant species.
An Optical Fiber Bundle Sensor for Tip Clearance and Tip Timing Measurements in a Turbine Rig (2013)

When it comes to measuring blade-tip clearance or blade-tip timing in turbines, reflective intensity-modulated optical fiber sensors overcome several traditional limitations of capacitive, inductive or discharging probe sensors. This paper presents the signals and results corresponding to the third stage of a multistage turbine rig, obtained from a transonic wind-tunnel test. The probe is based on a trifurcated bundle of optical fibers that is mounted on the turbine casing. To eliminate the influence of light source intensity variations and blade surface reflectivity, the sensing principle is based on the quotient of the voltages obtained from the two receiving bundle legs. A discrepancy lower than 3% with respect to a commercial sensor was observed in tip clearance measurements. Regarding tip timing measurements, the travel wave spectrum was obtained, which provides the average vibration amplitude for all blades at a particular nodal diameter. With this approach, both blade-tip timing and tip clearance measurements can be carried out simultaneously. The results obtained on the test turbine rig demonstrate the suitability and reliability of the type of sensor used, and suggest the possibility of performing these measurements in real turbines under real working conditions.
Chemical Recognition With Broadband THz Spectroscopy (2007)

THz science is developing rapidly in Europe as well as the rest of the world. There is a strong interest in the exploitation of optical technologies in the THz frequency range in virtually all fields of basic and applied sciences of physics, chemistry, biology as well as medicine. Commercial interest in this field has also been growing, spurred by the potential of THz tools in quality control and the biotechnology sector. We will review some contrast mechanisms, which form the basis for real-world applications of THz technology, in particular in the fields of applied chemistry and biotechnology. Whereas narrow bandwidth THz technology may become important for, e.g., real-time imaging at larger standoff distances, we will concentrate on broad bandwidth THz technologies for spectroscopic identification of various substances. It has recently been established that the 0.1-5 THz spectral range contains unique fingerprints of a very large number of crystalline materials, including explosives, illicit drugs as well as most other chemicals in powder form. Since many packaging materials are transparent to THz radiation this fundamental property of crystalline compounds allows remote (contact- free) sensing combined with chemical recognition. On the other hand, the THz spectrum of amorphous systems, including aqueous solutions, contains very little information about the detailed composition of the system. However, under certain conditions it is still possible to learn a great deal about amorphous systems with broadband THz spectroscopy. Amorphous systems of great biotechnological importance include DNA and proteins, both in aqueous solution and as dried matter. We will discuss methods for THz science and technology to attack the very complex problems involved in the extraction of useful new information, which may be difficult, expensive, or impossible to obtain with other methods, from minute amounts of biomaterial.
Troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonist, decreases tau phosphorylation in CHOtau4R cells (2006)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is activated by several compounds including the thiazolidinediones. In addition to being a target for diabetes, PPARgamma activation state has recently been shown to modulate beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) production in cellular models relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report the effect of troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, in cells expressing 4-repeat tau. A 24 h treatment with troglitazone significantly reduced phosphorylation of tau at Ser202 and Ser396/404, residues of early and later stages of neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Under the same experimental conditions the level of tau did not change. In our cellular model, troglitazone appeared to enhance 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) nuclear translocation, resulting in a decrease in cytosolic phosphorylated 70 kDa ribosomal protein kinase (p70S6) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor). Furthermore, PPARgamma transcriptional activity did not appear to be responsible for decreased phosphorylation of tau. Thus, we believe that the thiazolidinedione regulates tau phosphorylation through a PPARgamma-dependent/independent mechanism involving an Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3(GSK-3beta)-independent signalling cascade: PDK1/p70S6K/mTor.
SmartScanner: Know More in Walls with Your Smartphone! (2015)

Seeing through walls and knowing clearly what exist inside just like a superman are not only fantastic wishes for humans, but also of much practical significance. For example, you would like to know whether there are pipes, or rebars inside a wall before drilling into it. Moreover, knowing how pipes are configured in a wall before attempting to fix defects would definitely prevent unnecessary damages. Existing methods that intend to address this issue are either costly due to the use of high-end technology, or restrictive for reasons of some strong assumptions. However, in this paper, we present a novel system, SmartScanner, which is based on off-the-shelf sensors embedded in a smartphone. SmartScanner makes full use of in-built sensors, namely, the accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer to achieve this goal inexpensively and conveniently. Specifically, by combining these sensors, we are able to clearly distinguish certain objects inside a wall and map out the layout of an in-wall pipeline system. We implement SmartScanner on two smartphone platforms, namely iPhone 4 and Xiaomi Mi2S, and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate its performance. Experiments show that SmartScanner can achieve high accuracies in distinguishing objects in various scenarios. Meanwhile, as for layout mapping, 90 percent of length errors are limited to several centimeters for horizontal and vertical pipeline segments, respectively. Also, SmartScanner can achieve centimeter-level position errors of turning points in horizontal and vertical directions in the testbed.
The nucleocapsid protein of HIV1, a key viral factor involved in virus structure and replication (2001)

La proteine de nucleocapside (NC) des retrovirus est un peptide viral unique, present en abondance au cœur du virus, et recouvrant le genome ARN. En plus d'etre un des elements de structure du virus, elle assure des fonctions cles lors des phases precoces et tardives du cycle de replication des retrovirus, grâce a ses nombreuses interactions avec le genome d'une part, et les enzymes virales d'autre part. La NC du VIH peut etre consideree comme un paradigme d'etude pour plusieurs raisons : c'est un objet unique de recherche dans une perspective de ce qu'il est maintenant convenu d'appeler « genomique et proteomique fonctionnelles » ; c'est l'exemple type d'une proteine ayant des proprietes de chaperon d'acides nucleiques. La NC est une cible de choix pour des medicaments anti-VIH. Enfin les fortes analogies fonctionnelles observees entre la NC du VIH et de certains retrotransposons anciens comme le Ty3 de levure suscitent de nombreuses interrogations quant a l'origine tres ancienne de la NC et de ses relations avec les ARN (le RNA world ou l'ARN comme source originelle de la vie).
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 3/2013 (2013)

Front Cover: Supramolecular polymers as self-healing materials: noncovalent, transient bonds generate reversible, dynamic networks, able to heal a physically damaged site multiple times. Concepts and examples of self-healing polymers based on hydrogen bonds, π–π interactions, ionomers, and coordinative bonds are discussed. Further details can be found in the article by F. Herbst, D. Dohler, P. Michael, and W. H. Binder* on page 203.
[Lowering cholesterol with Anticholest--a high fiber guar-apple pectin drink]. (1992)

In order to determine the efficacy of Anticholest, an apple-pectin-guar soft-drink in reducing elevated cholesterol (c) levels, 33 participants (aged from 8 to 73 years) were divided into three groups of comparable age, body-mass index, total c, LDL-c, HDL-c, and triglycerides. They received this combined fiber product either (group 1) at dosages of 1 cup (17 g) every second day, or (group 2) of 1 cup a day or (group 3) of 2 cups a day. Anticholest significantly reduced total c, LDL-c and the total c/HDL-c ratio. In group 3 HDL-c was increased significantly (p less than 0.01). The average percentage decrease in total c was 10.0% for group 1, 10.7% for group 2, and 15.7% for group 3. LDL-c was lowered 14.4% in group 1, 13.8% in group 2 and 19.1% in group 3. The highest individual reduction amounted to more than 30% for total-c and LDL-c. A significant decrease was also detected in the triglycerides (tg) in group 3 (p less than 0.05). 7 patients were non-responders. Anticholest appears to be an appropriate treatment for patients at risk of coronary heart disease with insufficient or inadequate response to dietary measures, but where long-term pharmacotherapy is not yet indicated. The lack of side effects and its form of administration as a viscous drink are important determinants for long-term compliance, which is essential in the management of a chronic progressive disease such as atherosclerosis.
5.4 Ivytown: A 22nm 15-core enterprise Xeon® processor family (2014)

The next-generation enterprise Xeon <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> server processor has 15 dual-threaded 64b Ivybridge cores [1] and 37.5MB shared L3 cache. The system interface includes two on-chip memory controllers, each with two memory channels and supports multiple system topologies. The processor has 4.31B transistors in a high-κ metal-gate tri-gate 22nm CMOS technology with 9 metal layers [2]. The design supports a wide array of product offerings with thermal design power ranging from 40 to 150W and frequencies ranging from 1.4 to 3.8GHz. Fig. 5.4.1(a) shows the processor block diagram. The floorplan (Fig. 5.4.1(b)) is driven by the ring bus routability and latency, as well as the chop requirements to smaller core counts. The cores and associated L3 cache are organized in columns of five, with the ring bus segment embedded. The fully populated die has 15-cores in three columns. The 10-core chop removes the rightmost 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> column and its dedicated top and bottom IOs. CMOS muxes embedded in the ring bus are programmably operable in a 2-or-3-columns configuration. The 6-core chop removes the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> and 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> rows from the 10-core die.
Opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of human trichinellosis (2002)

The clinical diagnosis of trichinellosis is difficult because there are no pathogenic signs or symptoms and in diagnosing the infection epidemiological data are of great importance. Trichinellosis usually begins with a sensation of general discomfort and headache, increasing fever, chills and sometimes diarrhoea and/or abdominal pain. Pyrexia, eyelid or facial oedema and myalgia represent the principal syndrome of the acute stage, which can be complicated by myocarditis, thromboembolic disease and encephalitis. High eosinophilia and increased creatine phosphokinase activity are the most frequently observed laboratory features and the parasitological examination of a muscle biopsy and the detection of specific circulating antibodies will confirm the diagnosis. The medical treatment includes anthelmintics (mebendazole or albendazole) and glucocorticosteroids. Mebendazole is usually administered at a daily dose of 5 mg/kg but higher doses (up to 20 - 25 mg/kg/day) are recommended in some countries. Albendazole is used at 800 mg/day (15 mg/kg/day) administered in two doses. These drugs should be taken for 10 - 15 days. The use of mebendazole or albendazole is contraindicated during pregnancy and not recommended in children aged < 2 years. The most commonly used steroid is prednisolone, which may alleviate the general symptoms of the disease. It is administered at a dose of 30 - 60 mg/day for 10 - 15 days.
Exposure of Mouse Embryos to Ethanol During Preimplantation Development: Effect on DNA Methylation in the H19 Imprinting Control Region1 (2009)

In the present study, it was hypothesized that disruption of imprinting control in the H19/Igf2 domain may be a mechanism of ethanol-induced growth retardation-a key clinical feature of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). To test this prediction, genomic bisulphite sequencing was carried out on 473 bp of the H19 imprinting control region in DNA obtained from midgestation F(1) hybrid mouse embryos (C57BL/6 x Mus musculus castaneus) exposed to ethanol during preimplantation development. Although ethanol-exposed placentae and embryos were severely growth retarded in comparison with saline-treated controls, DNA methylation at paternal and maternal alleles was unaffected in embryos. However, paternal alleles were significantly less methylated in ethanol-treated placentae in comparison with saline-treated controls. Partial correlations suggested that the relationship between ethanol and placental weight partly depended on DNA methylation at a CCCTC-binding factor site on the paternal allele in placentae, suggesting a novel mechanism of ethanol-induced growth retardation. In contrast, partial correlations suggested that embryo growth retardation was independent of placental growth retardation. Relaxation of allele-specific DNA methylation in control placentae in comparison with control embryos was also observed, consistent with a model of imprinting in which 1) regulation of allele-specific DNA methylation in the placenta depends on a stochastic interplay between silencer and enhancer chromatin assembly factors and 2) imprinting control mechanisms in the embryo are more robust to environmental perturbations.
Planetary gear train for robotics (2005)

A recursive matrix model concerning the geometric analysis, kinematics and dynamics of a Bendix wrist planetary bevel-gear train for robotics is established in this paper. The prototype of this mechanism is a three-degree-of-freedom system with seven links and four bevel gear pairs. Controlled by electric motors, three active elements of the robot have three independent rotations. Supposing that the position and the rotational motion of the platform are known, an inverse dynamic problem is developed using the virtual power approach. Finally, some recursive matrix relations and some graphs for the torques of the actuators are determined.
Effect of Wettability on Sessile Drop Freezing: When Superhydrophobicity Stimulates an Extreme Freezing Delay (2014)

An increasing number of studies directed at supercooling water droplets on surfaces with different wettabilities have appeared in recent years. This activity has been stimulated by the recognition that water supercooling phenomena can be effectively used to develop methods for protecting outdoor equipment and infrastructure elements against icing and snow accretion. In this article, we discuss the nucleation kinetics of supercooled sessile water droplets on hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and superhydrophobic surfaces under isothermal conditions at temperatures of -8, -10, and -15 °C and a saturated water vapor atmosphere. The statistics of nucleation events for the ensembles of freezing sessile droplets is completed by the detailed analysis of the contact angle temperature dependence and freezing of individual droplets in a saturated vapor atmosphere. We have demonstrated that the most essential freezing delay is characteristic of the superhydrophobic coating on aluminum, with the texture resistant to contact with ice and water. This delay can reach many hours at T = -8 °C and a few minutes at -23 °C. The observed behavior is analyzed on the basis of different nucleation mechanisms. The dissimilarity in the total nucleation rate, detected for two superhydrophobic substrates having the same apparent contact angle of the water drop but different resistivities of surface texture to the contact with water/ice, is associated with the contribution of heterogeneous nucleation on external centers located at the water droplet/air interface.