gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic text mining (2006)

We discuss our experiences in analyzing customer-support issues from the unstructured free-text fields of technical-support call logs. The identification of frequent issues and their accurate quantification is essential in order to track aggregate costs broken down by issue type, to appropriately target engineering resources, and to provide the best diagnosis, support and documentation for most common issues. We present a new set of techniques for doing this efficiently on an industrial scale, without requiring manual coding of calls in the call center. Our approach involves (1) a new text clustering method to identify common and emerging issues; (2) a method to rapidly train large numbers of categorizers in a practical, interactive manner; and (3) a method to accurately quantify categories, even in the face of inaccurate classifications and training sets that necessarily cannot match the class distribution of each new month's data. We present our methodology and a tool we developed and deployed that uses these methods for tracking ongoing support issues and discovering emerging issues at HP.
Switching of the Triplet Excited State of Styryl 2,6-Diiodo-Bodipy and Its Application in Acid-Activatable Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizing (2014)

IodoBodipy-styrylBodipy dyads triplet photosensitizers were prepared (B-1 and B-2) which contain acid-responsive moiety. Both compounds show broadband visible light absorption, due to the resonance energy transfer (RET) between the two different visible light-harvesting Bodipy units. The photophysical properties of the dyads were studied with steady-state and nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. The production of triplet excited state is switched ON or OFF by protonation/deprotonation of the amino group in the dyads. In the neutral form, the excited state is short-lived (<10 ns) and no singlet oxygen ((1)O2) photosensitizing was observed. Upon protonation, a long-lived triplet excited state was observed (τT = 3.1 μs) and the (1)O2 quantum yield (ΦΔ) is up to 73.8%. The energy levels of the components of the dyads were changed upon protonation and this energy level tuning exerts significant influence on the triplet state property of the dyad. Acid-activated shuffling of the localization of the triplet excited state between two components of a dyad was observed. Furthermore, we observed a rare example that a chromophore giving shorter absorption wavelength is acting as the singlet energy acceptor in RET. The experimental results were rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations.
Expert Support Systems for New Product Development Decision Making: A Modeling Framework and Applications (1995)

A modeling framework that merges knowledge-based expert systems and decision support systems with management science methods for project evaluation is presented. In particular, the strategic decision to commit to full-scale development of a new product is considered. At the core of the framework are the methods and techniques used for acquiring, modeling and processing the expert knowledge and data. Methods and techniques used include scoring models, logic tables, the analytic hierarchy process, discriminant analysis, and rule-based systems. The suggested modeling approach obtains the benefits of normative modeling as well as the flexibility and developmental advantages of expert systems. Additional benefits include reduced information processing and gathering time, which can help to accelerate the product development cycle. Potential spin-offs of this research include applications for project evaluation throughout the product development cycle and other areas such as capital budgeting. Finally, a series of related case studies that have successfully implemented this framework is described.
Molecular Wire Encapsulated into π Organogels: Efficient Supramolecular Light‐Harvesting Antennae with Color‐Tunable Emission (2007)

Reiche Ernte: Das Einschließen kleiner Mengen eines π-konjugierten Oligomers (molekularen Drahts) in ein selbstorganisiertes gelbildendes Donorgerüst lieferte eine supramolekulare lichtsammelnde Antenne. Die supramolekularen Oligo(p-phenylenvinylen)-Bänder erleichtern die schnelle Excitonenwanderung und das Tunneln der Anregungsenergie zum eingeschlossenen molekularen Draht, was zu einer intensiven roten Emission führt (siehe Bild). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z701925_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Improved equations for JPEG's blocking artifacts reduction approach (1997)

In this paper, we derive a new set of prediction equations for the block smoothing method of JPEG for reduction of blocking artifacts. We also devise some simple metrics to measure the effects of edging and ringing artifacts. Experiments show that at the bit rate of 0.3 b/p or less, images reconstructed using the proposed equations have significantly fewer number of artifacts compared to the images reproduced using the original set of equations.
Nitrocinnamate-Functionalized Gelatin:  Synthesis and “Smart” Hydrogel Formation via Photo-Cross-Linking (2005)

Gelatin having p-nitrocinnamate pendant groups (Gel-NC) was prepared via an efficient one-pot synthesis, yield >87%. (1)H NMR data indicated that 1 mol of gelatin was modified with 18 +/- 6 mol of the photosensitive group. Upon exposure to low-intensity 365 nm UV light and in the absence of photoinitiators or catalysts, Gel-NC cross-linked within minutes into a gelatin-based hydrogel as monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. The degree of swelling of this biodegradable hydrogel in aqueous solutions responded to changes in Gel-NC concentration levels, the ionic strength of the aqueous solutions, and photo-cross-linking time. Topography changes associated with phase transition resulting from "photocleavage" of the hydrogel network with 254 nm UV light were studied with AFM. Both Gel-NC and its hydrogel expressed low toxicity to human neonatal fibroblast cells. In addition, gelatin-based microgels were prepared via the photo-cross-linking of Gel-NC within inverse micelles.
Proteinase 3, the major autoantigen of Wegener's granulomatosis, enhances IL-8 production by endothelial cells in vitro. (1996)

Proteinase 3 is the major target antigen of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in Wegener's granulomatosis and is contained in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, the dominant cell type in vascular lesions during the early stages of systemic vasculitis. This study questioned whether neutrophil lysosomal enzymes, once released at the site of inflammation, are able to potentiate the influx of additional neutrophils by enhancing the production of the chemotactic cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) by endothelial cells. Therefore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture were incubated with varying concentrations of highly purified proteinase 3, human neutrophil elastase, and cathepsin G for different time periods. The supernatants were subsequently assessed for IL-8 antigen by using a sandwich ELISA. The presence of both proteinase 3 and elastase resulted in an increased production of IL-8, up to 15.6- and 4.2-fold, respectively, in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Cathepsin G did not influence IL-8 production. Although the addition of an alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor completely abrogated elastase-mediated IL-8 production, it did not significantly influence the effect of proteinase 3. Both proteinase 3-and elastase-mediated production of IL-8 was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating de novo synthesis. This was supported by the finding of increased IL-8 mRNA levels in proteinase 3-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells by using Northern blot analysis. Taken together, the neutrophil lysosomal enzymes proteinase 3 and human neutrophil elastase may contribute to a self-perpetuating process of neutrophil recruitment in acute inflammation by increasing de novo synthesis of IL-8 by endothelial cells. The studies presented here also show that proteinase 3 mediates its effect independently of its enzymatic activity, indicating a hitherto unknown mode of action on endothelial cells.
Conductive silver inks and their applications in printed and flexible electronics (2015)

Conductive inks have been widely investigated in recent years due to their popularity in printed electronics (PE) and flexible electronics (FE).
Approaching Shannon's capacity limit by 0.27 dB using Hamming codes in a 'turbo'-decoding scheme (2002)

The Shannon capacity limit can be reached by less than 0.27 dB at a BER of 10/sup -5/ by applying long but simple Hamming codes as component codes to an iterative 'turbo'-decoding scheme. In general, the complexity of soft-in/soft-out decoding of binary block codes is rather high. However, the application of a neurocomputer in combination with a parallelization of the decoding rule facilitates an implementation of the decoding algorithm in the logarithmic domain which requires only matrix additions and multiplications.
Experimental Study on Optimization of the Agglomeration Process for Producing Instant Sugar by Conical Fluidized Bed Agglomerator (2012)

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the optimal processing conditions for manufacturing instant sugar. The instant sugar was produced with a batch fluid bed agglomerator under the following conditions: inlet air temperature 60–90°C; water flow rate 1–3 mL min−1; and spraying time 1–10 min. The optimal conditions were estimated using response surface methodology as follows: inlet air temperature of 74.4°C, water flow rate of 2.85 mL min−1, and spraying time of 10 min. Subsequently, particle density of 1,550 kg m−3, poured density of 470.13 kg m−3, tapped density of 599.8 kg m−3, porosity of 62.1%, mean diameter of 324.66 µm, flowing time of 6.39 s, yield percentage of 78.96%, and desirability of 0.46 were obtained as optimal amounts. The results showed that the quadratic effects of water flow rate and spraying time on flowing time and particle density as well as the effects of spraying time and inlet air temperature on mean diameter and flowing time were significant. Within the temperature range of 60–90°C, the impact of spraying time and water flow rate on instant sugar properties had preference over inlet air temperature. Moreover, the optimal instant sugar required less dissolution time compare to various industrial sugar samples. Keywords: Dissolution timeFlowing timeInstant sugarMean diameterResponse surface method Notes CV is coefficient of variation. nsNot significant. df degree of freedom. CV coefficient of variation.
Suppression of breast cancer growth and metastasis by a serpin myoepithelium-derived serine proteinase inhibitor expressed in the mammary myoepithelial cells (1999)

A serpin was identified in normal mammary gland by differential cDNA sequencing. In situ hybridization has detected this serpin exclusively in the myoepithelial cells on the normal and noninvasive mammary epithelial side of the basement membrane and thus was named myoepithelium-derived serine proteinase inhibitor (MEPI). No MEPI expression was detected in the malignant breast carcinomas. MEPI encodes a 405-aa precursor, including an 18-residue secretion signal with a calculated molecular mass of 46 kDa. The predicted sequence of the new protein shares 33% sequence identity and 58% sequence similarity to plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and PAI-2. To determine whether MEPI can modulate the in vivo growth and progression of human breast cancers, we transfected a full-length MEPI cDNA into human breast cancer cells and studied the orthotopic growth of MEPI-transfected vs. control clones in the mammary fat pad of athymic nude mice. Overexpression of MEPI inhibited the invasion of the cells in the in vitro invasion assay. When injected orthotopically into nude mice, the primary tumor volumes, axillary lymph node metastasis, and lung metastasis were significantly inhibited in MEPI-transfected clones as compared with controls. The expression of MEPI in myoepithelial cells may prevent breast cancer malignant progression leading to metastasis.
Voice Conversion Based on Speaker-Dependent Restricted Boltzmann Machines (2014)

This paper presents a voice conversion technique using speaker-dependent Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) to build high-order eigen spaces of source/target speakers, where it is easier to convert the source speech to the target speech than in the traditional cepstrum space. We build a deep conversion architecture that concatenates the two speaker-dependent RBMs with neural networks, expecting that they automatically discover abstractions to express the original input features. Under this concept, if we train the RBMs using only the speech of an individual speaker that includes various phonemes while keeping the speaker individuality unchanged, it can be considered that there are fewer phonemes and relatively more speaker individuality in the output features of the hidden layer than original acoustic features. Training the RBMs for a source speaker and a target speaker, we can then connect and convert the speaker individuality abstractions using Neural Networks (NN). The converted abstraction of the source speaker is then back-propagated into the acoustic space (e.g., MFCC) using the RBM of the target speaker. We conducted speaker-voice conversion experiments and confirmed the efficacy of our method with respect to subjective and objective criteria, comparing it with the conventional Gaussian Mixture Model-based method and an ordinary NN.
Pure Silicon Recovering from Photovoltaic Modules (2008)

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Learning How to Self-Learn: Enhancing Self-Training Using Neural Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Self-training is a useful strategy for semi-supervised learning, leveraging raw texts for enhancing model performances. Traditional self-training methods depend on heuristics such as model confidence for instance selection, the manual adjustment of which can be expensive. To address these challenges, we propose a deep reinforcement learning method to learn the self-training strategy automatically. Based on neural network representation of sentences, our model automatically learns an optimal policy for instance selection. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the baseline solutions in terms of better tagging performances and stability.
Reduced Position Effect in Mature Transgenic Plants Conferred by the Chicken Lysozyme Matrix-Associated Region. (1994)

Matrix-associated regions may be useful for studying the role of chromatin architecture in transgene activity of transformed plants. The chicken lysozyme A element was shown to have specific affinity for tobacco nuclear matrices, and its influence on the variability of transgene expression in tobacco plants was studied. T-DNA constructs in which this element flanked either the [beta]-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene or both reporter and selection gene were introduced in tobacco. The variation in GUS gene activity was reduced significantly among mature first-generation transgenic plants carrying the A element. Average GUS activity became somewhat higher, but the maximum attainable level of gene expression was similar for all three constructs. Transient gene expression assays showed that the A element did not contain general enhancer functions; therefore, its presence seemed to prevent the lower levels of transgene expression. The strongest reduction in variability was found in plants transformed with the construct carrying the A elements at the borders of the T-DNA. In this population, expression levels became copy number dependent. The presence of two A elements in the T-DNA did not interfere with meiosis.
BACE inhibition-dependent repair of Alzheimer’s pathophysiology (2017)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to play an essential pathogenic role in Alzheimer´s disease (AD). A key enzyme involved in the generation of Aβ is the β-secretase BACE, for which powerful inhibitors have been developed and are currently in use in human clinical trials. However, although BACE inhibition can reduce cerebral Aβ levels, whether it also can ameliorate neural circuit and memory impairments remains unclear. Using histochemistry, in vivo Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging, and behavioral analyses in a mouse model of AD, we demonstrate that along with reducing prefibrillary Aβ surrounding plaques, the inhibition of BACE activity can rescue neuronal hyperactivity, impaired long-range circuit function, and memory defects. The functional neuronal impairments reappeared after infusion of soluble Aβ, mechanistically linking Aβ pathology to neuronal and cognitive dysfunction. These data highlight the potential benefits of BACE inhibition for the effective treatment of a wide range of AD-like pathophysiological and cognitive impairments.
Study of the thin-film palladium/hydrogen system by an optical transmittance method (1996)

The thin-film palladium/hydrogen system was studied using a novel all optical method. Isotherms at room temperature (25 °C) were obtained for palladium films with different thicknesses. The measured isotherms included the α, α-to-β, and β phase regions. A decrease of the phase transition region was observed as the palladium film thickness was decreased. This optical method has good potential for use in studying the equilibrium and kinetic aspects of any thin-film/gas system.
Electrical Properties of Textured Niobium‐Doped Bismuth Titanate Ceramics (2012)

Crystallographically textured Nb ‐doped bismuth titanate ceramics Bi 4 Ti (3− x ) Nb x O 12 , were fabricated by tape casting using plate‐like Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 particles prepared by a molten‐salt method as the templates. The templates were aligned in the fine‐grained matrix by aqueous tape casting with their major surface parallel to the casting plane. Effect of niobium on the grain orientation in the material was investigated. It was found that the use of a fine precursor powder led to enhanced densification of the ceramic, while Nb doping reduced electrical conduction and dielectric loss, which enabled poling at high temperatures and high electric fields. The textured Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 ceramic showed a high anisotropy in its dielectric properties in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the casting plane. Highly textured BiT was obtained with the use of only 5 wt% of template particles by sintering at 800°C for 1 h.
Structured tree outflow condition for blood flow in larger systemic arteries (1999)

A central problem in modeling blood flow and pressure in the larger systemic arteries is determining a physiologically based boundary condition so that the arterial tree can be truncated after a few generations. We have used a structured tree attached to the terminal branches of the truncated arterial tree in which the root impedance is estimated using a semianalytical approach based on a linearization of the viscous axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations. This provides a dynamic boundary condition that maintains the phase lag between blood flow and pressure as well as the high-frequency oscillations present in the impedance spectra. Furthermore, it accommodates the wave propagation effects for the entire systemic arterial tree. The result is a model that is physiologically adequate as well as computationally feasible. For validation, we have compared the structured tree model with a pure resistance and a windkessel model as well as with measured data.
Real Projective Plane Mapping for Detection of Orthogonal Vanishing Points (2013)

This paper deals with the detection of orthogonal vanishing points. The aim is to efficiently cope with the clutter edges in real-life images and to determine the camera orientation in the Manhattan world reliably. We are using a modified scheme of the Cascaded Hough Transform where only one Hough space is accumulated – the space of the vanishing points. The parameterization of the vanishing points – the “diamond space” – is based on the PClines line parameterization and it is defined as a mapping of the whole real projective plane to a finite space. Our algorithm for detection of vanishing points operates directly on edgelets detected by an edge detector, skipping the common step of grouping edges into straight lines or line segments. This decreases the number of configuration parameters and reduces the complexity of the algorithm. Evaluated on the York Urban DB, our algorithm yields 98.04 % success rate at 10◦ angular error tolerance, which outperforms comparable existing solutions. Our parameterization of vanishing points is in all aspects linear; it involves no goniometric or other non-linear operations and thus it is suitable for implementation in embedded chips and circuitry. The iterative search scheme allows for finding orthogonal triplets of vanishing points with high accuracy and low computational costs. At the same time, our approach can be used without the orthogonality constraint.
Applying Program Dependence Analysis To Java Software (1998)

Understanding program dependences is essential for many software engineering activities including program slicing, testing, debugging, reverse engineering, maintenance, and complexity measurement. This paper presents the software dependence graph for Java (JSDG), which extends previous dependence-based representations, to represent various types of program dependences in Java software. The JSDG consists of a group of dependence graphs which can be used to represent Java methods, classes and their extensions and interactions, interfaces and their extensions, complete programs, and packages respectively. The JSDG can be used as an underlying representation to develop software engineering tools for Java software.
Segmentation of Japanese handwritten characters using peripheral feature analysis (2002)

A method of character segmentation of Japanese handwritten characters has been developed. It is effective especially in character recognition with the over-segmentation process. The method is based on the credibility measurement of each presegmented pattern for being a true character by analyzing peripheral features such as gaps between patterns and widths and heights of patterns. A heuristic statistical method is applied to the analysis. Experimental results show that the developed method increases the accuracy of character segmentation. It is effective especially when no linguistic feedback to segmentation is available and/or the character classifier ability is not high enough. In such cases, the recognition accuracy is increased from 30% to 70% by the new segmentation method.