gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the <i>piggyBac</i> Transposon to Create Stable Packaging Cell Lines for the Production of Clinical-Grade Self-Inactivating γ-Retroviral Vectors (2014)

Efforts to improve the biosafety of γ-retroviral-mediated gene therapy have resulted in a shift toward the use of self-inactivating (SIN) γ-retroviral vectors. However, scale-up and manufacturing of such vectors requires significant optimization of transient transfection-based processes or development of novel platforms for the generation of stable producer cell clones. To that end, we describe the use of the piggybac transposon to generate stable producer cell clones for the production of SIN γ-retroviral vectors. The piggybac transposon is a universal tool allowing for the stable integration of SIN γ-retroviral constructs into murine (PG13) and human 293-based Phoenix (GALV and RD114, respectively) packaging cell lines without reverse transcription. Following transposition, a high-titer clone is selected for manufacture of a master cell bank and subsequent γ-retroviral vector supernatant production. Packaging cell clones created using the piggybac transposon have comparable titers to non-SIN vectors generated via conventional methods. We describe herein the use of the piggybac transposon for the production of stable packaging cell clones for the manufacture of clinical-grade SIN γ-retroviral vectors for ex vivo gene therapy clinical trials.
Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases by p21. (1995)

p21Cip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor that is transcriptionally activated by p53 in response to DNA damage. We have explored the interaction of p21 with the currently known Cdks. p21 effectively inhibits Cdk2, Cdk3, Cdk4, and Cdk6 kinases (Ki 0.5-15 nM) but is much less effective toward Cdc2/cyclin B (Ki approximately 400 nM) and Cdk5/p35 (Ki > 2 microM), and does not associate with Cdk7/cyclin H. Overexpression of P21 arrests cells in G1. Thus, p21 is not a universal inhibitor of Cdks but displays selectivity for G1/S Cdk/cyclin complexes. Association of p21 with Cdks is greatly enhanced by cyclin binding. This property is shared by the structurally related inhibitor p27, suggesting a common biochemical mechanism for inhibition. With respect to Cdk2 and Cdk4 complexes, p27 shares the inhibitory potency of p21 but has slightly different kinase specificities. In normal diploid fibroblasts, the vast majority of active Cdk2 is associated with p21, but this active kinase can be fully inhibited by addition of exogenous p21. Reconstruction experiments using purified components indicate that multiple molecules of p21 can associate with Cdk/cyclin complexes and inactive complexes contain more than one molecule of p21. Together, these data suggest a model whereby p21 functions as an inhibitory buffer whose levels determine the threshold kinase activity required for cell cycle progression.
Predicting the enantiomeric selectivity of chymotrypsin. Homologous series of ester substances (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPredicting the enantiomeric selectivity of chymotrypsin. Homologous series of ester substancesHarold M. Schwartz, Weh-Sai Wu, Peter W. Marr, and J. Bryan JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 16, 5199–5203Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00484a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00484a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views657Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO on CuO Enables Selective and Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Liquid Fuels (2019)

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, if powered by renewable electricity, could serve as a sustainable technology for carbon recycling and energy storage. Among all the products, ethanol is an attractive liquid fuel. However, the maximum faradaic efficiency of ethanol is only ≈10 % on polycrystalline Cu. Here, CuZn bimetallic catalysts were synthesized by in situ electrochemical reduction of ZnO-shell/CuO-core bi-metal-oxide. Dynamic evolution of catalyst was revealed by STEM-EDS mapping, showing the migration of Zn atom and blending between Cu and Zn. CuZn bimetallic catalysts showed preference towards ethanol formation, with the ratio of ethanol/ethylene increasing over five times regardless of applied potential. We achieved 41 % faradaic efficiency for C<sub>2+</sub> liquids with this catalyst. Transitioning from H-cell to an electrochemical flow cell, we achieved 48.6 % faradaic efficiency and -97 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> partial current density for C<sub>2+</sub> liquids at only -0.68 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 1 m KOH. Operando Raman spectroscopy showed that CO binding on Cu sites was modified by Zn. Free CO and adsorbed *CH<sub>3</sub> are believed to combine and form *COCH<sub>3</sub> intermediate, which is exclusively reduced to ethanol.
Studies on Macromolecular Complexing Agents (1969)

トリエチルアルミニウム-四塩化チタン系触媒に, 高分子錯化剤として高分子ポリエーテル, たとえば, ポリプロピレンオキシドを添加した系により, イソプレソースチレン共重合を行ない, その効果を調べた。その結果, 無添加系に比べ, 重合活性が増大し, ゲルも少なく, スチレンの共重合活性が向上することがわかった。生成ポリマーは, 酸化分解, NMRスペクトルなどから, ランダム共重合体であることを明らかにした。このような結果は, エチルエーテルなどのエーテル類, ポリエチレングリコール1500などの低分子量ポリエーテルでは認められなかった。なお, この系によるイソプレン, スチレンのそれぞれの単独重合においても重合活性の向上が認められた。
Electrostatics and Metal Oxide Wettability (2011)

The wettability of a titania surface, whose surface was partially covered with a strongly based octadecyltrihydrosilane, was studied above and below the isoelectric point (or pHiep). The advancing water contact angle is at a maximum at the pHiep, decreasing symmetrically on either side in a Lippmann-like manner. The change in wettability, for a given pH, became more pronounced with increasing salt concentration. Using a non-Nernstian model of the electrical double layer, the experimental dependence of contact angle on both pH and salt concentration was satisfactorily predicted.
A 23 ns 256 K EPROM with double-layer metal and address transition detection (2003)

A 256 K EPROM (electrically programmable read-only memory) is described in which 23-ns access time was achieved by a combination of advanced CMOS processing, double-layer metal (DLM), differential sensing, address transition detection (ATD), and a ground-switched decoding scheme. DLM is used to strap wordlines in the array and bus signals in the periphery. Performance is obtained by reducing bit line length to 256 cells, with 2048 cells per word line. This results in a 70.5-mil*229.8-mil array with an efficiency of 41.2%. Die size is 116 mil*339 mil. Short bit lines result in a total column and Y-select capacitance of 1.3 pF. Word line RC delay is only 0.8 ns. DLM saves 7.3 ns over an optimized silicide design using two word line drivers. The 0.8- mu m CMOS DLM EPROM technology yields a typical unloaded ring oscillator gate delay of 115 ps. Lightly doped drain (LLD) is used on both NMOS and PMOS devices for reliability and performance. Ti/Al metalization improves metal reliability. A composite interpoly dielectric is used for improved FAMOS (floating-gate avalanche-injection MOS) reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Producing Mississippi's deep high pressure sour gas (1975)

High pressure sour gas can be safely produced, but the risks involved demand that very special attention be given to design, and materials selection, quality control, inspection methods, and operating procedures. Many problems have been encountered in producing Shell's high pressured sour gas wells of the Thomasville, Piney Woods, and SW. Piney Woods fields in Mississippi. Since production commenced almost 3 yr ago, there has been almost constant activity to improve productivity, restore the wells to production, determine the state of corrosion in the tubing, or to remove scale buildup from the outside of the tubing. Much has been learned and new techniques have been developed. Some of the more interesting activities and problems that have been encountered in developing these reserves are described. (11 refs.)
How do chemical properties of the atoms change under pressure (2015)

Abundant evidence has shown the emergence of dramatic new chemical phenomena under pressure, including the formation of unexpected crystal structures and completely new counterintuitive compounds. In many cases, there is no convincing explanation for these phenomena and there are virtually no chemical rules or models capable of predicting or even rationalizing these phenomena. Here we consider two central chemical properties of atoms, electronegativity and chemical hardness, and determine them as a function of pressure up to 500 GPa. For elements without orbital transfer at high pressure, electronegativity first increases and then decreases, while chemical hardness monotonically decreases as pressure increases. For some active metals, the chemical hardness has a further increase at pressures of the order of tens-hundreds of gigapascals. Furthermore, we discover that orbital transfer, in particular s-d transfer, makes Ni a pseudo-noble-gas, Fe and Co strong electron acceptors, while Cu and Zn become active metals. We show the explicative and predictive power of our electronegativity and chemical hardness scales under pressure.
Copolymerization of Ethylene and Cycloolefin with Metallocene Catalyst : III. Effect of ${\alpha}$-Olefin Addition (2001)

For copolymerization of ethylene and norbornene initiated by various metallocene catalysts such as with modified methylaluminoxane(MMAO) cocatalyst, the -olefins such as 1-hexene(H), 1-octene and 1-decene were added as a 3rd monomer. In this situation, the effects of the polymerization condition, the catalyst structure as well as the structure and the amount of added -olefin on the catalyst activity as well as the properties and structure of polymer were examined. As results, it was found that the catalyst activity and thermal property of polymer depended on not only catalyst structure but also -olefin structure. For catalyst system, it was possible to get high activity and controllable of polymer. Among -olefins, H as a 3rd monomer exhibited the maximum enhancement in catalyst activity.
Successful transfer to sulfonylureas in KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes is determined by the mutation and duration of diabetes (2016)

Transfer from insulin is successful for most KCNJ11 patients and is best predicted by the in vitro response of the specific mutation and the duration of diabetes. Knowledge of the specific mutation and of diabetes duration can help predict whether successful transfer to sulfonylureas is likely. This result supports the early genetic testing and early treatment of patients with neonatal diabetes aged under 6 months.
A digital microphone array for distant speech recognition (2010)

In this paper, the design, implementation and testing of a digital microphone array is presented. The array uses digital MEMS microphones which integrate the microphone, amplifier and analogue to digital converter on a single chip in place of the analogue microphones and external audio interfaces currently used. The device has the potential to be smaller, cheaper and more flexible than typical analogue arrays, however the effect on speech recognition performance of using digital microphones is as yet unknown. In order to evaluate the effect, an analogue array and the new digital array are used to simultaneously record test data for a speech recognition experiment. Initial results employing no adaptation show that performance using the digital array is significantly worse (14% absolute WER) than the analogue device. Subsequent experiments using MLLR and CMLLR channel adaptation reduce this gap, and employing MLLR for both channel and speaker adaptation reduces the difference between the arrays to 4.5% absolute WER.
Cilostazol improves cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a retrospective analysis (2013)

Although there are limitations to such a retrospective study, these results significantly encourage undertaking a prospective cohort study to determine the effect of cilostazol on mild cognitive impairment where no treatments currently exist.
Contemplating communication ethics (2011)

It's so easy to criticise the ethics of professional communicators. After all, it's relatively simple, isn't it? All they need to do is tell the truth and be transparent about what is happening in their organisation and what they are 'selling'. They even have codes of ethics to tell them what to do and what not to do.
Motor Neuron Diversity in Development and Disease (2010)

Although often considered as a group, spinal motor neurons are highly diverse in terms of their morphology, connectivity, and functional properties and differ significantly in their response to disease. Recent studies of motor neuron diversity have clarified developmental mechanisms and provided novel insights into neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Motor neurons of different classes and subtypes--fast/slow, alpha/gamma--are grouped together into motor pools, each of which innervates a single skeletal muscle. Distinct mechanisms regulate their development. For example, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has effects that are pool-specific on motor neuron connectivity, column-specific on axonal growth, and subtype-specific on survival. In multiple degenerative contexts including ALS, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and aging, fast-fatigable (FF) motor units degenerate early, whereas motor neurons innervating slow muscles and those involved in eye movement and pelvic sphincter control are strikingly preserved. Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that confer resistance represent promising therapeutic targets in these currently incurable diseases.
Polyomavirus BK-Associated Nephropathy After Kidney Transplantation (2018)

Polyomavirus BK-associated nephropathy is cause of kidney transplant morbidity and graft failure. Reported prevalence can vary significantly between centers, probably depending on the immunosuppressive regime used, averaging 5% and the reported incidence of allograft failure ranges from 15 to 50% of affected individuals. Aim To evaluate the evolution of BK virus nephropathy in our transplant center Materials: A descriptive, retrospective study of the clinical evolution of BK virus nephropathy in adult kidney transplant patients from 10 / 2011-10 / 2016. The diagnostic suspicion was through the technique of screening and / or renal dysfunction and confirm by kidney biopsy. Screening was performed by Polymerasa Chain Reaction for BKV(+ greater than 10 4 copies / ml) at 2-6-9-12-month and then annually and after the treatment episode due to graft rejection. Patients with a diagnosis of BK nephropathy we decided 1- Reduction of immunosuppression (suspension of mycophenolate by leflunomide and tacrolimus reduction (maintaining dosages average 5ng / ml )or sirolimus, corticoids and leflunomide), and following with 2-Evaluation of renal function,3- Viral load, 4-antiHLA antibodies and 5-Renal biopsy. Half of the patients also received IVIG 400mg / kg / day for 5 days as a treatment. Results 18/774 renal tx patients had BK nephropathy, at 553 ± 355 days of transplant. 6 for screening and the rest for renal dysfunction. Age 42 ± 12y, 50% women, 14 LD, 4 DD. 6/18 presented previous rejections 2 Mixed 4 cellular Kidney. Biopsies showed Stage I Nephropathy 8 patients (44.4%), S II 9 patients (50%) and S III 1 patient (5.6%). Average basal creatinine (n = 18) 2.5 ± 0.18, 6 months (n = 16) 3.1 ± 1.6, 12 m (n = 15) 2.7 ± 0.8, 24 m (n = 10) 2.62 ± 0.8, 36m (n = 6) 2.9 ± 0.2. 2 patients presented by biopsy, cellular rejection at 3 months of the diagnosis, treated with steroid pulses. No development of de novo antiHLA DSA was observed in this group of patients. The negativization of the viral load BKV was at 3 months in 5 patients and the rest at 6 months. Only 12 renal biopsies were performed(X 12m), presenting an increase in interstitial infiltration and tubulitis in 2 patients). Loss of grafts in 3 patients (16.6%), 2/18 at 4 months and 1/18 at 10 months. There were no deaths. Conclusions A low incidence (2,34%) of BK virus nephropathy is observed in this population. There were no differences in the evolution of patients treated with / without IVIG (pNS) especially in the negativization of viral load. Higher percentage of living donors (77%) with BK nephropathy due probably immunosuppression charge and / or unidentified serology of BK virus in donors.
Lower-bounding term frequency normalization (2011)

In this paper, we reveal a common deficiency of the current retrieval models: the component of term frequency (TF) normalization by document length is not lower-bounded properly; as a result, very long documents tend to be overly penalized. In order to analytically diagnose this problem, we propose two desirable formal constraints to capture the heuristic of lower-bounding TF, and use constraint analysis to examine several representative retrieval functions. Analysis results show that all these retrieval functions can only satisfy the constraints for a certain range of parameter values and/or for a particular set of query terms. Empirical results further show that the retrieval performance tends to be poor when the parameter is out of the range or the query term is not in the particular set. To solve this common problem, we propose a general and efficient method to introduce a sufficiently large lower bound for TF normalization which can be shown analytically to fix or alleviate the problem. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method, incurring almost no additional computational cost, can be applied to state-of-the-art retrieval functions, such as Okapi BM25, language models, and the divergence from randomness approach, to significantly improve the average precision, especially for verbose queries.
Synthetic Receptors Based on Abiotic Cyclo(pseudo)peptides (2022)

Work on the use of cyclic peptides or pseudopeptides as synthetic receptors started even before the field of supramolecular chemistry was firmly established. Research initially focused on the development of synthetic ionophores and involved the use of macrocycles with a repeating sequence of subunits along the ring to facilitate the correlation between structure, conformation, and binding properties. Later, nonnatural amino acids as building blocks were also considered. With growing research in this area, cyclopeptides and related macrocycles developed into an important and structurally diverse receptor family. This review provides an overview of these developments, starting from the early years. The presented systems are classified according to characteristic structural elements present along the ring. Wherever possible, structural aspects are correlated with binding properties to illustrate how natural or nonnatural amino acids affect binding properties.
<title>Future Trends In Laser Imaging For The Graphic Arts Industry</title> (1979)

The future of laser imaging for the graphic arts industry is inextricably tied to computer-related applications. The early work in the field was logically constrained by limitations in the technology. Lasers, for example, have only recently moved from the laboratory to the commercial and industrial environment. The use of lasers with graphics is a recent phenomenon derived from economic pressures which always, in a capitalistic society, lead to new and better ways of doing old jobs. Current applications of lasers in the graphic arts industry, although exciting, will soon be replaced by the marriage of computers which operate interactively and adaptively with the "laser and user" to result in "INTELLIGENT MAN-MACHINE INFORMATION SYSTEMS."
Homogeneous ligand-centered hydrogen evolution and hydrogen oxidation : exploiting redox non-innocence to drive catalysis. (2017)

Hydrogen is a promising carbon-free fuel / energy carrier and is an essential building block for many industrial and agricultural processes. Rising energy demands have ignited interest in the development of carbon-free and carbon neutral energy sources. In this context, hydrogen is an attractive candidate—being energy-dense, carbon-free—and easily accessible through a two-electron reduction of water. Accordingly, many electrochemical homogeneous catalyst systems have been studied, with a focus on understanding the mechanism of hydrogen evolution proceeding through metal-hydride intermediates. However, there has been a renaissance in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst design, with many groups implicating ligand redox non-innocence as a crucial driving force for catalysis rather than metal-hydride formation. In this dissertation, using characterization techniques including, cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry, UV-visible spectroscopy, 1H NMR, cyclic voltammetry modeling, x-ray crystallography, kinetic isotope effect studies, and density functional theory, we investigate ligand-centered electrocatalysts, which function without the generation of metal-hydride intermediates, for the production and oxidation of dihydrogen. Chapter three expands upon the previous work in the Grapperhaus Lab, and focus on ReL3 (L = diphenylphosphinobenzenethiolate). ReL3 reduces acids to H2 in dichloromethane with an overpotential of 0.708 V and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 32 s-1, and also oxidizes H2 in the presence of base with an overpotential of 0.970 V and a TOF of 4 s-1. The mechanism is supported by kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies and density functional theory calculations (DFT). Chapters four and five will build on Chapter three, aiming to develop sustainable approaches for ligand-centered catalysis. The non-transition metal complex, ZnL1, the metal-free complex, H2L1, and the transition metal complex, CuL1 (L1 = diacetyl-bis(N4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazonato)), function as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution (ZnL1, H2L1 and CuL1) and hydrogen oxidation (ZnL1 and H2L1). H2L1and ZnL1 display TOF’s of 1,320 s-1 and 1,170 s-1 at overpotentials of 1.43 and 0.756 V, respectively, while the CuL1 complex demonstrates a TOF of 10,000 s-1. H2L1 and ZnL1 also display TOF values for H2 oxidation of 32 s-1 and 72 s-1 at overpotentials of 0.328 and 0.315 V, respectively. Mechanisms for the HER were modeled using digital simulations and are further supported by DFT calculations. ReL3, ZnL1, H2L1, and CuL1 represent a fundamentally new class of electrocatalysts. Contrary to traditional molecular electrocatalysts that employ a metal-hydride as the key mechanistic intermediate, this approach facilitates H2 evolution through ligand-centered proton and electron-transfer events resulting in the evolution of H2 through either ligand-centered H● radical