gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating age privacy leakage in online social networks (2012)

We perform a large-scale study to quantify just how severe the privacy leakage problem is in Facebook. As a case study, we focus on estimating birth year, which is a fundamental human attribute and, for many people, a private one. Specifically, we attempt to estimate the birth year of over 1 million Facebook users in New York City. We examine the accuracy of estimation procedures for several classes of users: (i) highly private users, who do not make their friend lists public; (ii) users who hide their birth years but make their friend lists public. To estimate Facebook users' ages, we exploit the underlying social network structure to design an iterative algorithm, which derives age estimates based on friends' ages, friends of friends' ages, and so on. We find that for most users, including highly private users who hide their friend lists, it is possible to estimate ages with an error of only a few years. We also make a specific suggestion to Facebook which, if implemented, would greatly reduce privacy leakages in its service.
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy for CoFeBZr/MgO (2015)

We present the effects of Zr insertion (5%) in Co(65)Fe(20)B(10) on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy due to interfacial magnetization with MgO. Perpendicular magnetization is successfully formed with a stalking structure of Ta/CoFeBZr/MgO. The thickness margin for crossover of perpendicular and in-plane magnetization is increased to 1.52 nm with an enhancement of surface anisotropy energy because of reduced thickness dependence. The Gilbert damping parameter is determined to be as low as 0.004 based on the line width of ferromagnetic resonance. Moreover, the maximum effective anisotropy energy (K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> ) was 1.63 Merg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for CoFeBZr.
Hepatitis C viral RNA in serum of patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: Detection by the polymerase chain reaction using multiple primer sets (1991)

The recently introduced antibody test for hepatitis C virus infection has already proved to be valuable in many situations such as screening blood donors and diagnosing chronically infected patients, but this antibody assay has certain limitations. Hepatitis C virus itself is usually present in clinical specimens at very low titers; therefore a useful assay for the virus must have very high sensitivity. We have developed a simple, highly sensitive assay for hepatitis C virus RNA based on the polymerase chain reaction. In this test RNA extracted from hepatitis C virus-infected serum or plasma is used as the template for double polymerase chain reaction with nested primers. Sensitivity studies demonstrate that this assay is able to detect hepatitis C virus at or beyond the sensitivity level of chimpanzee infectivity. Preliminary studies in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis showed that 16 of 36 patients positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus and 2 of 4 patients negative for antibody to hepatitis C virus were positive in the polymerase chain reaction test. By retesting the polymerase chain reaction-negative patients with several sets of polymerase chain reaction primers, we found hepatitis C virus RNA in 35 of the 40 patients including all 4 seronegative patients. Normal human plasma and plasma from patients with hepatitis B infection did not react in this test. This assay has proved to be valuable for determining the presence of hepatitis C virus RNA in various samples. Furthermore, it offers the possibility of diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in patients who do not react in the presently available antibody tests.
Publish / Subscribe Systems: Design and Principles (2012)

This book offers an unified treatment of the problems solved by publish/subscribe, how to design and implement the solutions In this book, the author provides an insight into the publish/subscribe technology including the design, implementation, and evaluation of new systems based on the technology.&nbsp; The book also addresses the basic design patterns and solutions, and discusses their application in practical application scenarios. Furthermore, the author examines current standards and industry best practices as well as recent research proposals in the area. Finally, necessary content ma
Disparate evolution of yeasts and filamentous fungi indicated by phylogenetic analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes. (1989)

Genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) from several evolutionarily disparate organisms were used to construct a phylogenetic tree by evolutionary parsimony. The GAPDH tree indicates that, in contrast to the presently accepted taxonomy of fungi, the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii evolved separately from the filamentous ascomycetes (such as Aspergillus nidulans) with which these yeasts are classified. According to this tree, the Saccharomyces-like yeasts evolved very early in the course of eukaryotic evolution, whereas both ascomycete and basidiomycete filamentous fungi diverged much later through a common ancestor.
Geochemical methods of prospecting for hydrocarbons (1980)

Because the commonly used reflection-seismograph exploration technique misses many marginal low-relief structural prospects and regardless of its electronic computer sophistication, overlooks almost all stratigraphic traps, the hydrocarbon exploration industry should take a look at geochemical prospecting methods, which detect geochemical anomalies in the near-surface soils by measuring the thermal dissociation of the soil carbonates that are found overlying hydrocarbon accumulations. To promote understanding of such prospecting techniques, Geochemical Surveys reviews the methods used, the soil-alteration patterns, the lateral and vertical migration of hydrocarbon gases, the halo phenomenon (a ring or annual anomaly), the geochemical modification of sediments, and the data-interpretation and exploration procedures involved in a carbonate ..delta.. C analysis, which measures the residual, stable, cumulative effect of hydrocarbon migration.
Control of MPEG-2 video traffic in an ATM environment (2002)

Variable bit rate traffic generated by multimedia and video services may experience cell loss when transmitted over ATM networks. In a video distribution environment, where several links with different capacities are employed, it is likely to find nodes with less capacity than the offered traffic by the distributed bit stream. Either high cell loss rate should be allowed at these nodes or the source has to comply with the higher constraint penalising other users. We present a generic congestion control scheme capable of being used with either type of MPEG-2 video sources, real-time encoders or video servers. The scheme is based on a low delay post-processing mechanism capable of reducing the bit rate of an encoded bit stream without drift. Its application in video distribution and congestion control is presented. The results show good performance in all cases.
Evolution of MIR159/319 microRNA genes and their post-transcriptional regulatory link to siRNA pathways (2011)

Our results support that the MIR159 and MIR319 genes evolve from a common ancestor, which is likely to be a phased stem-loop small RNA. Through duplication and loss of genes this miRNA gene family formed clades specific to moss, lycopods, gymnosperms and angiosperms including the two major clades of flowering plants containing the founding members of MIR319 and MIR159 genes in A.thaliana. Our analyses also suggest that some MIR159/319 have evolved into unusual miRNA genes that are regulated at post-transcriptional level to express multiple mature products with variable proportions under different circumstances. Moreover, our analyses reveal conserved regulatory link of MIR159/319 genes to siRNA pathway through post-transcriptional regulation.
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (2012)

One of the most cited books in physics of all time, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information remains the best textbook in this exciting field of science. This 10th anniversary edition includes an introduction from the authors setting the work in context. This comprehensive textbook describes such remarkable effects as fast quantum algorithms, quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum error-correction. Quantum mechanics and computer science are introduced before moving on to describe what a quantum computer is, how it can be used to solve problems faster than 'classical' computers and its real-world implementation. It concludes with an in-depth treatment of quantum information. Containing a wealth of figures and exercises, this well-known textbook is ideal for courses on the subject, and will interest beginning graduate students and researchers in physics, computer science, mathematics, and electrical engineering.
Development of Cu-doped ZnTe as a back-contact interface layer for thin-film CdS/CdTe solar cells (1996)

The full potential of thin-film, CdS/CdTe photovoltaic solar cells will not be realized until issues relating to the fabrication of environmentally stable, low-resistance, and easily manufactured contacts to the p-CdTe layer are addressed. One alternative that provides the required contact parameters employs a Cu-doped ZnTe(ZnTe:Cu) interface layer between the p-CdTe and the outer metal contact. Thin films of ZnTe:Cu containing various concentrations of metallic Cu are produced by rf-magnetron sputtering. Additionally, the effect of incorporating small amounts of excess Zn into the sputtering target is studied. We find that the electrical resistivity of ZnTe:Cu films deposited at 300 °C, and prepared with Cu concentrations of ∼0.45 at. %, is much higher than would be expected from studies of films doped with higher Cu concentrations (∼6 at. % Cu). We also find that postdeposition heat treatment significantly reduces the electrical resistivity of the films containing ∼0.45 at. % Cu. However, compositional analysis indicates that the surface of the films become increasingly enriched in Zn at annealing temperatures ≳350 °C. Analysis of the hole effective mass (mh) for films containing ∼6 at. % Cu indicates a value for mh of 0.35 me, and a high-frequency dielectric constant (ε∞) of 8.2.
Testing Random Number Generators by Walsh Transform (1977)

A truly random sequence of numbers has an asymptotically flat Walsh power spectrum. This fact is used to devise a new test for the randomness of the output of random number generators. Because it takes little computing time to obtain the Walsh power spectrum of even very long sequences, generators with large periods can be tested. Some computed examples are shown.
Micromachined deformable mirrors for dynamic wavefront control (2004)

The design, manufacture, and testing of optical quality surface micromachined deformable mirrors (DMs) is described. With such mirrors, the shape of the reflective surface can be modified dynami-cally to compensate for optical aberrations and thereby improve image resolution in telescopes or microscopes. Over several years, we have developed microelectromechanical system (MEMS) processing technologies that allow production of optical quality of surface micromachined mirrors. These process steps have been integrated with a commercial foundry process to produce deformable mirrors of unprecedented quality. The devices employ 140 electrostatic actuators. Measurements of their performance detailed in this paper include 2µm of useful stroke, 3nm position repeatability, >90% reflectivity, and flatness better than 20nm RMS. A chemo-mechanical polishing process has been used to improve surface quality of the mirrors, and a gold coating process has been developed to improve the reflectivity without introducing a significant amount of stress in the mirror mem-brane. An ion bombardment technique has been developed to flatten mirrors. These silicon based deformable mirrors have the potential to modulate spatial and temporal features of an optical wave-front, and have applications in imaging, beam-forming, and optical communication systems. Design considerations and performance evaluation of recently fabricated DMs are presented.
Electron-pumped high-efficiency semiconductor laser (1986)

We report on an efficient semiconductor laser array pumped by a high-energy electron gun. A peak power of 350 kW in a 4-ns pulse has been measured from a 25-mm2 CdS laser. For the materials studied (CdS, ZnxCd1−xS, and ZnSxSe1−x), laser action has been obtained in the blue-green region of the spectrum.
The Public Mapping Project (2019)

The Laurence and Lynne Brown Democracy Medal is an initiative of the McCourtney Institute for Democracy at Pennsylvania State University. It annually recognizes outstanding individuals, groups, and organizations that produce exceptional innovations to further democracy in the United States or around the world. Micah Altman and Michael P. McDonald unveil the Public Mapping Project, which developed DistrictBuilder, an open-source software redistricting application designed to give the public transparent, accessible, and easy-to-use online mapping tools. As they show, the goal is for all citizens to have access to the same information that legislators use when drawing congressional maps—and use that data to create maps of their own. Thanks to generous funding from The Pennsylvania State University, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
NO and TNF-α released from activated macrophages stabilize HIF-1α in resting tubular LLC-PK<sub>1</sub> cells (2003)

Hypoxic/ischemic conditions provoke activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 is composed of HIF-1alpha (subjected to protein stability regulation) and constitutively expressed HIF-1beta. Besides hypoxia, diverse agonists are identified that stabilize HIF-1alpha during normoxia. Here we used a coculture system of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and tubular LLC-PK(1) cells to establish that lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-gamma-stimulated but not resting macrophages elicited HIF-1alpha accumulation in LLC-PK(1) cells. Via pharmacological interventions such as blockade of nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages, scavenging of NO with the use of 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, or application of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-neutralizing antibodies, we identified NO and TNF-alpha as signaling molecules. Working in concert, NO and TNF-alpha have a stronger response when allowed direct cell-to-cell contact instead of contact with only the cell supernatant of activated macrophages. We show that signal transmission by NO with TNF-alpha in LLC-PK(1) cells is mediated via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway, because it is blocked by wortmannin or dominant-negative forms of PI3-K as well as protein kinase B. We conclude that NO and TNF-alpha, derived from activated macrophages, provoke HIF-1alpha stabilization in LLC-PK(1) cells under normoxic conditions, which underscores HIF-1alpha stabilization due to intercellular regulation.
Enantiopure lanthanide complexes incorporating a tetraazatriphenylene sensitiser and three naphthyl groups: exciton coupling, intramolecular energy transfer, efficient singlet oxygen formation and perturbation by DNA binding (2003)

In cationic nine-coordinate chiral terbium and europium complexes incorporating exciton-coupled naphthyl groups and a tetraazatriphenylene sensitising chromophore, efficient intramolecular energy transfer occurs leading to population of the naphthyl triplet state. With the terbium complex, the absolute quantum yield of singlet oxygen formation is 51% (lambda(exc) 355 nm), and for the Eu complex the intensity of metal-based emission increases by up to 350% on binding to poly(dGdC) or calf-thymus DNA, and was greater for the delta-isomer.
Algorithm to Analyze Water Quality Conditions of Lake Hachiroko Using Textures of JERS-1 SAR Data (2012)

Remote sensing has been used to understand water distribution and pollution situation in recent years. This paper proposed an algorithm for analyzing water quality conditions using the data acquired by active sensor Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) of Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1). The proposed method has four steps. First, the gradations of the SAR data were conformed. Second, textures were calculated from the co-occurrence matrix of the SAR data. Third, the fuzzy regression analysis of the texture features and measurements for local water quality was done. The relation between water quality data and textures was calculated by using MIN problem and MAX problem. Finally, the estimation maps of water quality were obtained by using fuzzy level-slice processing. By comparing the estimation maps of water quality and realities in the study area, it was clear that the proposed method was possible to understand the water quality conditions effectively from the SAR data with single brightness information.
Fusion and visualization of intraoperative cortical images with preoperative models for epilepsy surgical planning and guidance (2011)

This paper presents an alternative approach to a sophisticated AR environment for assisting in epilepsy surgery, whereby a real intraoperative scene is mapped onto the surface model of the brain. In contrast to the AR approach, this method needs no specialized display equipment. Moreover, it requires minimal changes to existing systems and workflow, and is therefore well suited to the OR environment. In the phantom and in vivo clinical experiments, we demonstrate that the fusion method can achieve a level of accuracy sufficient for the requirements of epilepsy surgery.
Botulinum toxin type B vs. type A in toxin‐naïve patients with cervical dystonia: Randomized, double‐blind, noninferiority trial (2007)

The objective of this study was to compare efficacy, safety, and duration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and type B (BoNT-B) in toxin-naïve cervical dystonia (CD) subjects. BoNT-naïve CD subjects were randomized to BoNT-A or BoNT-B and evaluated in a double-blind trial at baseline and every 4-weeks following one treatment. The primary measure was the change in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) from baseline to week 4 post-injection. Secondary measures included change in TWSTRS-subscale scores, pain, global impressions, and duration of response and safety assessments. The study was designed as a noninferiority trial of BoNT-B to BoNT-A. 111 subjects were randomized (55 BoNT-A; 56 BoNT-B). Improvement in TWSTRS-total scores 4 weeks after BoNT-B was noninferior to BoNT-A (adjusted means 11.0 (SE 1.2) and 8.8 (SE 1.2), respectively; per-protocol-population (PPP)). The median duration of effect of BoNT-A and BoNT-B was not different (13.1 vs. 13.7 weeks, respectively; P-value = 0.833; PPP). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of injection site pain and dysphagia. Mild dry mouth was more frequent with BoNT-B but there were no differences for moderate/severe dry mouth. In this study, both BoNT-A and B were shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of toxin-naive CD subjects.
Cyclic Sulfenyl Thiocarbamates Release Carbonyl Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide Independently in Thiol-Promoted Pathways (2019)

Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is an important signaling molecule that provides protective activities in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Among the different types of H<sub>2</sub>S donor compounds, thioamides have attracted attention due to prior conjugation to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to access H<sub>2</sub>S-NSAID hybrids with significantly reduced toxicity, but the mechanism of H<sub>2</sub>S release from thioamides remains unclear. Herein, we reported the synthesis and evaluation of a class of thioamide-derived sulfenyl thiocarbamates (<b>SulfenylTCMs</b>) that function as a new class of H<sub>2</sub>S donors. These compounds are efficiently activated by cellular thiols to release carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is quickly converted to H<sub>2</sub>S by carbonic anhydrase (CA). In addition, through mechanistic investigations, we establish that COS-independent H<sub>2</sub>S release pathways are also operative. In contrast to the parent thioamide-based donors, the <b>SulfenylTCMs</b> exhibit excellent H<sub>2</sub>S releasing efficiencies of up to 90% and operate through mechanistically well-defined pathways. In addition, we demonstrate that the sulfenyl thiocarbamate group is readily attached to common NSAIDs, such as naproxen, to generate <b>YZ-597</b> as an efficient H<sub>2</sub>S-NSAID hybrid, which we demonstrate releases H<sub>2</sub>S in cellular environments. Taken together, this new class of H<sub>2</sub>S donor motifs provides an important platform for new donor development.
Fabrication of BN membranes containing high density of cylindrical pores using an elegant approach (2017)

BN membrane with high density of through cylindrical pores is fabricated by combination of ALD and PDC routes. With good quality h-BN walls obtained at 1000 °C, the obtained membrane is a promising candidate for osmotic energy conversion and water filtration applications.
Glycemia Prediction in Critically Ill Patients Using an Adaptive Modeling Approach (2007)

Implementation of the ICU minimal model in the appropriate reestimation process results in clinically acceptable prediction errors. Therefore, the model is able to predict glycemia trends of patients admitted to the surgical ICU and can potentially be used in a predictive control system.
PCB Embedded Power Electronics for Low Voltage Applications (2016)

The performance of a novel 3-phase invertor module embedded in a printed circuit board (PCB) is investigated considering packaging, thermal resistance, reliability and insulation. The embedded power electronic module is based on 6 insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and 6 diodes rated to 1.2kV/25A each and it is benchmarked with a comparable traditional wire bonded semiconductor module. A detailed outline of the package is discussed including the top and bottom side metallization and the copper interconnect technology. A FEM thermal simulation is presented comparing a standard package with dies bonded to direct bonded copper (DBC) substrates to the PCB integrated modules. This is also validated with experimental measurement. The integrated module demonstrates up to 44 % lower thermal resistance than that of the traditional wire bonded DBC package for an identical applied current and cooling condition, resulting in a lower overall local chip temperature despite higher device losses. Furthermore, both packages are active power cycled to failure with the PCB embedded package demonstrates superior lifetime to that of the traditional DBC module. Finally, the maximum breakdown limit and the onset of partial discharge with the embedded PCB module are also reported for both aged and non-aged conditions.
Role of autotaxin and lysophosphatidate in cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy (2012)

There is an accumulating body of evidence linking the secreted enzyme autotaxin (ATX) and its product lysophosphatidate (LPA) to tumor progression, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. ATX achieves this mainly by converting the abundant lysophosphatidylcholine in the circulation to the potent bioactive signaling molecule, LPA. ATX is also bound to integrins on cell surfaces, which enables it to deliver LPA locally to at least eight G-protein-coupled receptors. These receptors activate a variety of signaling cascades, which stimulate cell division, survival and migration. Cancer cells also often show decreased expression of LPP-1 and -3, which both dephosphorylate extracellular LPA and also block its signaling downstream of receptor activation. This contributes to the hypersensitivity of cancer cells to the effects of LPA signaling, which coupled with increased ATX expression, promotes their metastasis and survival.