gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maurotoxin and the Kv1.1 channel: voltage‐dependent binding upon enantiomerization of the scorpion toxin disulfide bridge Cys<sup>31</sup>–Cys<sup>34</sup> (2000)

Maurotoxin (MTX) is a 34-amino acid polypeptide cross-linked by four disulfide bridges that has been isolated from the venom of the scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus and characterized. Maurotoxin competed with radiolabeled apamin and kaliotoxin for binding to rat brain synaptosomes and blocked K+ currents from Kv1 channel subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Structural characterization of the synthetic toxin identified half-cystine pairings at Cys3-Cys24, Cys9-Cys29, Cys13-Cys19 and Cys31-Cys34 This disulfide bridge pattern is unique among known scorpion toxins, particularly the existence of a C-terminal '14-membered disulfide ring' (i.e. cyclic domain 31-34), We therefore studied structure-activity relationships by investigating the structure and pharmacological properties of synthetic MTX peptides either modified at the C-terminus ¿i.e. MTX(1-29), [Abu31,34]-MTX and [Cys31,34, Tyr32]D-MTX) or mimicking the cyclic C-terminal domain [i.e. MTX(31-34)]. Unexpectedly, the absence of a disulfide bridge Cys31-Cys34 in [Abu 31,34]-MTX and MTX(1-29) resulted in MTX-unrelated half-cystine pairings of the three remaining disulfide bridges for the two analogs, which is likely to be responsible for their inactivity against Kv1 channel subtypes. Cyclic MTX(31-34) was also biologically inactive. [Cys31,34, Tyr32]D-MTX, which had a 'native', MTX-related, disulfide bridge organization, but a D-residue-induced reorientation of the C-terminal disulfide bridge, was potent at blocking the Kv1.1 channel. This peptide-induced Kv1.1 blockage was voltage-dependent (a property not observed for MTX), maximal in the low depolarization range and associated with on-rate changes in ligand binding. Thus, the cyclic C-terminal domain of MTX seems to be crucial for recognition of Kv1.3, and to a lesser extent, Kv1.2 channels and it may contribute to the stabilization and strength of the interaction between the toxin and the Kv1.1 channel.
Understanding the Structure and Mechanism of Formation of a New Magnetic Microbubble Formulation (2012)

Magnetic nanoparticles and ultrasound contrast agents have both been used as vehicles for therapeutic delivery. More recently, magnetic microbubbles have been developed as a new theranostic agent which combines the advantages of the individual carriers and overcomes many of their limitations. In a previous study of gene delivery using magnetic microbubbles, it was found that a combination of magnetic liquid droplets and non-magnetic phospholipid microbubbles produced higher transfection rates than magnetic microbubbles. The reasons for this were not fully understood, however. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that conjugation between the droplets and the microbubbles occurred. A combination of optical and fluorescence microscopy and ultrasound imaging studies in a flow phantom were performed. No interaction between magnetic droplets and microbubbles was observed under optical microscopy but the results from the fluorescence and acoustic imaging indicated that magnetic droplets and microbubbles do indeed combine to form a new magnetically and acoustically responsive particle. Theoretical calculations indicate that the driving force of the interaction is the relative surface energy and thus thermodynamic stability of the microbubbles and the droplets. The new particles were resistant to centrifugation, of comparable echogenicity to conventional ultrasound contrast agents and could be retained by a magnetic field (0.2T) in a flow phantom at centre line velocities of ~6 cm s(-1) and shear rates of ~60 s( -1).
Magnetic easy axis randomly in-plane oriented barium hexaferrite thin film media (1993)

High coercivity, c-axis randomly in-plane oriented barium hexaferrite thin films have been successfully fabricated by using conventional rf diode sputtering and post-deposition annealing. Coercivities as high as 4100 Oe have been achieved. Ms, Sq, S*, SFD, and SFDr reach the values of about 270 emu/cc, 0.63, 0.90, 0.12, and 0.084, respectively. CoTi doping not only reduces the coercivity, but also reduces the grain size and improves the c-axis in-plane orientation. The composition of doped films can be controlled through different diffusion processes. In this way coercivities in a range between several hundred oersteds and 4000 Oe can be easily obtained.
Foundations of the potential energy boundary surface method for power system transient stability analysis (1988)

A theoretical foundation is provided for the potential energy boundary surface (PEBS) method for power system transient stability analysis. First, a theory of stability boundaries for two classes of dynamical systems: generalized gradient systems and systems described by a second-order vector differential equation. A complete characterization of the stability boundaries of these two dynamical system classes is given, and a qualitative analysis is conducted of the stability boundary when the vector field of the system is under a certain kind of perturbation. Using these results, the PEBS method is evaluated. Conditions under which the PEBS method gives good stability assessments are derived. A modified PEBS method is suggested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Focused ultrasound median nerve stimulation can modulate nociceptive pain (2020)

Current treatments for neuropathic pain, such as pharmaceuticals and electrical stimulation, have large trade-offs in specificity and the need for surgical interventions. Moreover, these treatments have variable effectiveness and may only work in select populations of patients. Here we explore the use of focused ultrasound (FUS) for mitigating pain in healthy subjects. Nociceptive pain was induced using a custom heating probe and FUS was applied upstream to the median nerve. Our results show that pain ratings were reduced by a maximum of 1.4 units of pain from FUS vs sham stimuli. Moreover, a minimum amount of displacement was observed for pain the reduction. These findings lay the groundwork for reduction of pain using FUS neuromodulation.
Malaria-Infected Mice Are Completely Cured by One 6 mg/kg Oral Dose of a New Monomeric Trioxane Sulfide Combined with Mefloquine (2011)

Sixteen new anilide derivatives of the natural trioxane artemisinin were prepared and evaluated for antimalarial efficacy in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Of these 16 new anilides administered orally as one 6 mg/kg dose combined with 18 mg/kg mefloquine hydrochloride, only sulfide 3-arteSanilide 12d was completely curative: on day 30 after infection, all mice in this group had no detectable parasitemia, gained as much weight as the uninfected control mice, and behaved normally.
Optimized Temporal Error Concealment through Performance Evaluation of Multiple Concealment Features (2006)

In this paper we formulate an optimized temporal error concealment approach for H.264 based on the study of the performance of several temporal concealment features that apply to the different steps of the proposed method. Specifically we study how the concealment performance is affected by matching error measures, motion vector candidates and estimation enhancements. We show that the resulting formulated method performs significantly better than other state of the art methods. The proposed approach can prove very valuable to the mitigation of errors typically encountered with video transmission over wireless networks.
Polyamine‐directed preferential nutritional repletion of normal tissues in tumor‐bearing hosts (1988)

Our previous study demonstrated that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) increases erythrocyte (RBC) polyamines selectively in cancer patients but not in non-cancer patients, suggesting that these changes may relate to tumor presence. We therefore studied the possible relationship between RBC polyamine levels and potential tumor growth induced by TPN. In addition, we attempted to control tumor growth during TPN with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a suicide inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), in a fibrosarcoma-bearing rat model. Rats in a control group received chow ad libitum for 3 weeks and their tumors grew exponentially. A restricted intake (RI) tumor-bearing group received 8 g chow per day per rat; this produced malnourished rats in which tumor growth significantly slowed. The third group (RI----TPN) received the RI diet for 2 weeks and TPN for 1 week, which resulted in an increase in tumor growth. The last group (RI----TPN + DFMO) received a 2-week RI regimen and 1-week TPN plus DFMO regimen, which inhibited tumor growth to the level of the RI group due to the addition of DFMO (1 g/kg/day). Although the addition of TPN to the RI regimen markedly increased tumor ODC activity, as well as tumor putrescine and RBC putrescine levels, the addition of DFMO to the RI----TPN regimen entirely abolished these increases. Despite DFMO treatment, liver ODC activity in RI----TPN + DFMO group was unaffected. The plasma albumin level, an indicator of host nutrition, of the RI----TPN + DFMO group was significantly higher than that of the RI group. Liver, spleen, kidney and total body weights of the RI----TPN or RI----TPN + DFMO group were significantly higher than those of the RI group. These results indicate that TPN can enhance tumor growth in malnourished hosts and that the addition of DFMO to TPN can effectively control this TPN-enhanced tumor growth, leading to preferential nutritional repletion of the host.
Visible-laser repair of clear defects in photomasks (1985)

A method for repairing clear defects in photomasks is demonstrated. A visible (514.5-nm) laser beam focused on a defect area drives a pyrolytic reaction which leaves a metal film on the defect area. Defects as small as 1.6 µm have been successfully repaired. Using currently available laser trimming systems, submicrometer repair resolution can be achieved.
On the Verification of Memory Models of Shared-Memory Multiprocessors (2000)

The memory model of a shared-memory multiprocessor is a contract between the designer and programmer of the multiprocessor. We present a model checking algorithm to verify this contract for finite values of the parameters ---number of processors and number of memory locations--- for a large class of shared-memory systems and memory models. A memory model is a generalization of serial memory, which behaves as if there is a centralized memory that services read and write requests atomically such that a read to a location returns the latest value written to that location. We formalize a memory model as an irreflexive partial order among the memory (read and write) events performed locally at each processor. A run of a memory system satisfies a memory model if there exists a total order of all memory events that is both consistent with all the partial orders and a trace of serial memory. Sequential consistency is an example of a well-known memory model. It has been shown that even for fini...
Benchmarking Diagnostic Algorithms (2007)

The problem of fault diagnosis has gained considerable significance in a cost conscious aerospace industry. This has resulted in the development of novel methods as well as novel approaches. Following a cost benefit analysis, wherein a diagnostic algorithm has to buy its way on an aircraft, the practitioner is faced with the difficult problem of choosing the best algorithm from among many candidates. Despite the appeal of multiple algorithm solutions, practical applications are limited by engineering resources—the practitioner is forced to pick few among many. Specifically, this paper addresses this important engineering decision making step. Our approach to evaluating diagnostic algorithms is based on two key elements—non recurring engineering cost and recurring engineering cost. Corresponding to each of these criterions, we define metrics. Since development data is a major cost element, non recurring engineering cost is derived using a metric that measures how well an algorithm has used this data. Recurring cost is measured with respect to the algorithm’s robustness and hence the cost associated with sustaining it. Further, we outline procedures for calculating these metrics, making minimal assumptions regarding algorithm internals; allowing the practitioner to evaluate both in-house as well as third party algorithms. The utility of this benchmarking procedure is illustrated using two sets of examples. One of them is a standard vowel recognition problem, while the second one is related to gas turbine diagnosis. For each of these problems, we evaluate a series of candidate algorithms and illustrate the utility of the proposed approach to filter out weak ones. Concluding sections discuss the use of these procedures for exiting technical feasibility and entering engineering feasibility on the technology readiness level (TRL).
Organotitanium-Mediated Stereoselective Coordinative/Insertive Homopolymerizations and Copolymerizations of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate (2003)

This contribution describes coordinative/insertive stereoregular homopolymerizations and copolymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate (MMA) mediated by a highly active single-site organotitanium catalyst. The catalyst system used to effect these polymerizations of nonpolar and polar olefinic monomers is prepared by in situ Zn reduction of the precursor derived from the reaction (Me(5)Cp)TiMe(3) + Ph(3)C(+)B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-). The resulting catalyst produces polystyrene (>95% syndiotactic, 170 000 g/mol molecular weight; s-PS) by the established coordinative/insertive pathway. The same catalyst mediates polymerization of MMA to poly(methyl methacrylate) (>65% syndiotactic, >70 000 g/mol molecular weight; s-PMMA) by a group transfer protocol-like (GTP-like) pathway (1,4 insertion mechanism). Under optimal conditions, this catalyst also mediates the copolymerization of MMA + styrene (1:19 ratio) at 50 degrees C to yield random approximately 80% coisotactic poly[styrene-co-(methyl methacrylate)] (coiso-PSMMA) which contains approximately 4% MMA. Control experiments argue that a single-site Ti catalyst is the active species for the copolymerization. The catalyst formation process is quite general, and a variety of reducing agents can be substituted for Zn and still effect copolymerization. Control experiments also indicate that known noncoordination copolymerization mechanisms (i.e., ionic or radical) cannot explain this copolymerization. We suggest a new mechanism involving sequential conjugate addition steps to explain these copolymerization results.
NEW PHTHALOCYANINES FOR PHOTODYNAMIC VIRUS INACTIVATION IN RED BLOOD CELL CONCENTRATES (1994)

Cationic phthalocyanines with either aluminum or silicon as the central metal were evaluated for their ability to inactivate viruses in red blood cell concentrates (RBCC) photodynamically. In addition, the virucidal potential of a substituted anionic phthalocyanine, aluminum dibenzodisulfophthalocyanine hydroxide (A1N2SB2POH) was evaluated and compared with that of the much studied anionic aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine hydroxide (A1PcS4OH). Based on the rate of inactivation of the lipid-enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the virucidal potential of these phthalocyanines was: HOSiPcOSi(CH3)2(CH2)3N+(CH3)3I- (Pc 5) = SiPc[OSi(CH3)2-(CH2)3N+(CH3)3I-]2 (Pc 6) > A1PcOSi(CH3)2(CH2)3N+(CH3)2(CH2)11CH3I- (Pc 21) = A1N2SB2POH = A1PcS4 > HOSiPc[OSi(CH3)2(CH2)3N+(CH3)2(CH2)11CH3I-]2 (Pc 14) > A1PcOSi(CH3)2(CH2)3N+(CH3)3I- (Pc 2). Phthalocyanine ligand 14 and Pc 21 are new phthalocyanines, made by quaternizing known amino analogues. Compared to VSV, the rate of inactivation of Sindbis virus (another model lipid-enveloped virus) was identical when treated in red blood cells (RBC) with Pc 5 and slightly higher when treated with Pc 6 and A1PcS4OH. Treatment of RBCC containing cell-free human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) with Pc 5 or A1PcS4OH required 15 min of irradiation to inactivate (> 5 log10 reduction) the virus. The extent of HIV-1 inactivation with A1N2SB2POH was 3.7 log10 after 60 min of red light exposure. The RBC integrity after photosensitization was measured by the ability of the cells to bind to plates coated with poly-L-lysine, (which reflects the retention of the RBC surface negative charges) and hemolysis of the cells over a 7 day storage period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Image-based façade modeling (2008)

We propose in this paper a semi-automatic image-based approach to façade modeling that uses images captured along streets and relies on structure from motion to recover camera positions and point clouds automatically as the initial stage for modeling. We start by considering a building façade as a flat rectangular plane or a developable surface with an associated texture image composited from the multiple visible images. A façade is then decomposed and structured into a Directed Acyclic Graph of rectilinear elementary patches. The decomposition is carried out top-down by a recursive subdivision, and followed by a bottom-up merging with the detection of the architectural bilateral symmetry and repetitive patterns. Each subdivided patch of the flat façade is augmented with a depth optimized using the 3D points cloud. Our system also allows for an easy user feedback in the 2D image space for the proposed decomposition and augmentation. Finally, our approach is demonstrated on a large number of façades from a variety of street-side images.
Bi-directional Dideoxy Fingerprinting (Bi-ddF): A Rapid Method for Quantitative Detection of Mutations in Genomic Regions of 300-600 bp (1996)

There is a great need for rapid screening methods that detect essentially all mutations. Dideoxy fingerprinting (ddF) is a highly sensitive screening method that is performed by electrophoresing one lane of a Sanger dideoxy termination reaction through a nondenaturing gel. Mutations may produce an extra segment or eliminate a segment from the termination products (informative dideoxy component). In addition, mutations can be detected by the altered mobility of one or more termination segments (informative SSCP component). To screen larger segments with virtually 100% sensitivity, bi-directional ddF (Bi-ddF) was developed. Bi-ddF is a 'second generation ddF' in which the dideoxy termination reaction is performed simultaneously with two opposing primers. Bi-ddF has two important advantages over ddF: (i) the dideoxy component can detect 10 of the 12 types of possible single-base substitutions; and (ii) the SSCP component is enhanced because alterations of mobility can be detected in either the downstream or upstream direction. As a result, Bi-ddF can screen larger regions of genomic DNA with virtually 100% sensitivity. Bi-ddF detected 100% of 28 single-base substitutions in a 494 bp segment containing exons B and C of the human factor IX gene and 100% of 42 single-base substitutions and one microdeletion present in a 577 bp region containing exon H. In a blinded analysis in which 39 wildtype samples were randomly mixed with 51 mutant samples, all mutations were detected with no false positives. Bi-ddF requires essentially the same effort as ddF, yet twofold more DNA sequence can be screened reliably per unit effort.
Pre-clinical application of self-developed computer assisted design/rapid prototyping and guidance system to assist precise acetabular component placement: A pilot study (2017)

Objective
To introduce a self-developed computer-assisted design/rapid prototyping and guidance system used for precise placement of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty.


Methods
We collected the preoperative pelvic CT scanning data of 10 hips with acetabular dysplasia that had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty from January 2016 to January 2017. The total time for import of radiographic images, model reconstruction, model segmentation, acetabular component position design and STL model export was calculated and compared between our self-designed software and Mimics v17.0. Three kinds of STL model from each case were imported into our self-developed 3D printing device, Stratasys Objet30 and Stratasys Demension SST1200es respectively for rapid prototyping. The printing efficiency and accuracy were compared among the 3 printers. The accuracy of placing acetabular component with guidance system was e-valuated.


Results
The average time for preoperative planning was 7.7±1.3 min by our self-designed software and 52.5±15.9 min by Mimics v17.0, showing a significant difference (P 0.05).


Conclusion
Our self-developed preoperative planning software, rapid prototyping device and guidance apparatus for acetabular component placement may lead to good accuracy and high efficiency.


Key words: 
Arthroplasty, replacement, hip; Computer assisted design; Prostheses and implants; 3D printing
Channelized active noise elimination (CANE) for suppressing quantization noise in bitstream modulated transmitter (BMT) (2021)

Abstract Bitstream modulated transmitters may offer improved power efficiency and linearity simultaneously in RF power amplifiers. Several modulation techniques including envelop delta-sigma modulation and envelope pulse width modulation have been applied. The out-of-band quantization noise associated with these modulations may be rejected by a high-quality factor output filter, yet the in-band quantization noise needs to be further suppressed to meet the requirement of the emission mask. The proposed channelized active noise elimination technique can offer additional quantization noise suppression through software control without involving a passive filter. The essential concept is based on combining the outputs of multiple channels of Pas that have digitally controlled delays to form a FIR filter in analogue domain. A two-channel and a four-channel GaN power amplifiers are built to demonstrate this noise suppression concept and power combiners based on T-junction with quarter wavelength transmission line are proposed to retain the high power efficiency of the transmitters.
Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramic Based on (Bi <sub>1/2</sub> Na <sub>1/2</sub> )TiO <sub>3</sub> ‐(Bi <sub>1/2</sub> K <sub>1/2</sub> )TiO <sub>3</sub> ‐BaTiO <sub>3</sub> Solid Solution (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Protection against heterologous <i>Streptococcus iniae</i> isolates using a modified bacterin vaccine in Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> (L.) (2010)

Streptococcus iniae is a significant pathogen impacting aquaculture production worldwide. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a developed modified S. iniae (ARS-98-60) bacterin vaccine is efficacious in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), against challenge with heterologous isolates from diverse geographical locations and to evaluate protein and antigenic variability among the isolates tested. Two groups of tilapia (approximately 5 g) were intraperitoneally (IP) vaccinated with 100 microL of the vaccine or sham vaccinated with 100 microL of sterile tryptic soy broth and held for 28 days. Fish were challenged with each isolate by IP injection of 2-3 x 10(7) CFU per fish using calcein to mark fish prior to cohabitation for challenge. The results demonstrated significant protection against all challenge isolates, and relative percent survivals ranged from 79% to 100%. SDS-PAGE analysis of whole-cell lysate proteins from the S. iniae isolates demonstrated similar protein profiles between 10 and 31 kDa and variation in profiles between 35 and 100 kDa. Western blot analysis using antiserum from vaccinated fish (ARS-98-60) demonstrated shared immunogenic proteins among all isolates in the molecular mass range of 22-35 kDa and high molecular mass material >150 kDa. The results suggest that the developed S. iniae vaccine has broad ranging protection among isolates exhibiting different protein profiles.