gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable Global Alignment Graph Kernel Using Random Features: From Node Embedding to Graph Embedding (2019)

Graph kernels are widely used for measuring the similarity between graphs. Many existing graph kernels, which focus on local patterns within graphs rather than their global properties, suffer from significant structure information loss when representing graphs. Some recent global graph kernels, which utilizes the alignment of geometric node embeddings of graphs, yield state-of-the-art performance. However, these graph kernels are not necessarily positive-definite. More importantly, computing the graph kernel matrix will have at least quadratic {time} complexity in terms of the number and the size of the graphs. In this paper, we propose a new family of global alignment graph kernels, which take into account the global properties of graphs by using geometric node embeddings and an associated node transportation based on earth mover's distance. Compared to existing global kernels, the proposed kernel is positive-definite. Our graph kernel is obtained by defining a distribution over \emph{random graphs}, which can naturally yield random feature approximations. The random feature approximations lead to our graph embeddings, which is named as "random graph embeddings" (RGE). In particular, RGE is shown to achieve \emph{(quasi-)linear scalability} with respect to the number and the size of the graphs. The experimental results on nine benchmark datasets demonstrate that RGE outperforms or matches twelve state-of-the-art graph classification algorithms.
Small Molecule CXCR3 Antagonists (2015)

Chemokines and their receptors are known to play important roles in disease. More than 40 chemokine ligands and 20 chemokine receptors have been identified, but, to date, only two small molecule chemokine receptor antagonists have been approved by the FDA. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 was identified in 1996, and nearly 20 years later, new areas of CXCR3 disease biology continue to emerge. Several classes of small molecule CXCR3 antagonists have been developed, and two have shown efficacy in preclinical models of inflammatory disease. However, only one CXCR3 antagonist has been evaluated in clinical trials, and there remain many opportunities to further investigate known classes of CXCR3 antagonists and to identify new chemotypes. This Perspective reviews the known CXCR3 antagonists and considers future opportunities for the development of small molecules for clinical evaluation.
Comparative study on treatment of kitchen-sink wastewater using single and multichannel ceramic membrane (2010)

A comparative study was conducted to explore the potential of ceramic microfiltration membrane alone and in combination with different physicochemical treatments, viz. biotreatment and adsorption using kitchen-sink wastewater. Cross-flow microfiltration (CMF) studies were carried out with tubular ceramic membrane in single channel and multichannel configuration. Biotreatment was studied using activated sludge process and adsorptive treatments were studied using a biosorbent prepared from the dried roots of Eichhornia crassipes, an aquatic weed which is abundantly grown in polluted water. The study showed better performance of 19 channel ceramic membrane compared to the single channel membrane in terms of the permeate quality, viz. BOD, COD, turbidity, TSS etc., as well as, permeate flux. Microfiltration of the adsorbent treated feed appeared to be most promising in comparison with the other feeds wherein, about 98% removal of BOD and 99% removal of COD were obtained. The quality of the treated water was found to be fit for use in horticulture, irrigation, etc.
Single-mode fibers for submarine cable systems (1981)

Long-wavelength single-mode optical fibers are showing great potential for application in long-haul, high bit rate submarine telecommunication systems where maximum repeater spacings will be demanded. This paper discusses the research and development which has led to an early practical cable trail in Loch Fyue, Scotland, and continues to assess the fiber designs and fabrication processes requited to optimize performance in the low-loss windows at 1.3 and 1.55μm.
Ka band passive differential 4:1 power divider/combiner based on wilkinson topology (2017)

The design and characterization of a K and Ka band differential four ways power divider/combiner based on Wilkinson like topology, implemented in a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology are presented in this paper. The wide band device presents, on the frequency range 20-38 GHz, a transmission coefficient better than -8.6 dB, a 2.6 dB additional loss over the ideal case. The input/output reflection coefficient is better than -10 dB and the isolation between output ports is better than -10 dB. The use of a differential design is very attractive for transmit/receive modules in satellite communication applications when the assembly use bondwires interconnects. In this scenario, the use of a differential power divider instead of a single ended version permits to decrease the losses in the multifunctional monolithic microwave ICs, i.e. the power and the area consumption.
Green and Sustainable Cyber-Physical Security Solutions for Body Area Networks (2009)

Wireless sensor-based Body Area Networks (BAN) can play a major role in providing individualized health-care. Given their limited power sources, sensors in BAN have to be energy-efficient to ensure longevity and safety of the network. Recent years have seen the emergence of a new class of security solutions for BANs, called cyber-physical security solutions, which enable plug-n-play secure communication within a BAN using environment derived features. However, due to this environment-coupled nature, they require signal processing and mathematical routines which can be potentially very energy-intensive for individual sensors. In this paper, we characterize the "energy footprint" of a cyber-physical security solution, the Physiological signal based Key Agreement (PKA). The goal is to - 1) compute PKA's energy consumption, and 2) determine whether prominent energy scavenging techniques can be used to meet its requirements. Our results show that the energy requirements of PKA is small and is sustainable by many of the prominent energy scavenging techniques, such as body heat and ambulation, making it a "green" solution for large scale deployments.
Adaptation of human fibroblasts to radiation alters biases in DNA repair at the chromosomal level (1999)

Adaptation to radiation increased the overall cellular repair of radiation-induced chromosomal breaks, but also created a repair bias such that some chromosomes were preferentially repaired or discriminated against, while the repair of others was unbiased.
Preclinical Development of a Bifunctional Cancer Cell Homing, PKCε Inhibitory Peptide for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer (2009)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most frequent cancer worldwide, comprising approximately 50% of all malignancies in some developing nations. Our recent work identified protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCepsilon) as a critical and causative player in establishing an aggressive phenotype in HNSCC. In this study, we investigated the specificity and efficacy of HN1-PKCepsilon, a novel bifunctional cancer cell homing, PKCepsilon inhibitory peptide, as a treatment for HNSCC. HN1-PKCepsilon peptide was designed by merging two separate technologies and synthesized as a capped peptide with two functional modules, HN1 (cancer cell homing) and PKCepsilon (specific PKCepsilon inhibitory), connected by a novel linker module. HN1-PKCepsilon preferentially internalized into UMSCC1 and UMSCC36 cells, two HNSCC cell lines, in comparison with oral epithelial cells: 82.1% positive for UMSCC1 and 86.5% positive for UMSCC36 compared with 1.2% positive for oral epithelial cells. In addition, HN1-PKCepsilon penetrated HNSCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Consistent with these in vitro observations, systemic injection of HN1-PKCepsilon resulted in selective delivery of HN1-PKCepsilon into UMSCC1 xenografts in nude mice. HN1-PKCepsilon blocked the translocation of active PKCepsilon in UMSCC1 cells, confirming HN1-PKCepsilon as a PKCepsilon inhibitor. HN1-PKCepsilon inhibited cell invasion by 72 +/- 2% (P < 0.001, n = 12) and cell motility by 56 +/- 2% (P < 0.001, n = 5) in UMSCC1 cells. Moreover, in vivo bioluminescence imaging showed that HN1-PKCepsilon significantly (83 +/- 1% inhibition; P < 0.02) retards the growth of UMSCC1 xenografts in nude mice. Our work indicates that the bifunctional HN1-PKCepsilon inhibitory peptide represents a promising novel therapeutic strategy for HNSCC.
A green protocol for the Pd catalyzed ligand free homocoupling reaction of arylboronic acids under ambient conditions (2014)

A simple, competent, green pathway has been developed for the Pd catalyzed ligand free homocoupling reaction of arylboronic acids in water under ambient conditions.
Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies (2017)

Abstract One method of thermal recovery, steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), has proven a commercial success in heavy oil/bitumen production. However, geological and reservoir heterogeneity often complicate this task resulting in uneven production rates, higher operational costs, and stranded heavy oil/bitumen. This work theorizes that SAGD recovery is improved using flow control devices (FCDs) to force conformance in SAGD laterals. To test this theory, a novel protocol and test flow loop was developed to measure pressure drop across an autonomous hybrid FCD while flowing multiphase mixtures containing steam. This laboratory data was used to qualify existing pressure drop correlations and determine if nitrogen gas, a common test gas to describe FCD pressure drop response, creates suitable data for modeling steam systems. Finally, the flow loop was used to induce a steam "flash", a transition of water at saturation temperature to vapor due to a suddenly decreased pressure environment, within the FCD to determine if steam flashing changes expected pressure drops. Using linear regression, a correlation of expected pressure drop across the autonomous hybrid FCD for mixtures of heavy oil/bitumen, water, and steam was generated. Existing correlations proved inadequate for mixtures containing steam, consistently underestimating pressure drop across the FCD. However, the empirical correlation of this research highly matched laboratory data with an R-squared value of 0.94. A secondary linear model captured modifications in FCD behavior due to steam flashing. This second model also exhibited a strong goodness-of-fit with an R-squared value of 0.96. For both empirical correlations, p-values less than 0.05 were easily obtained, inferring the statistical significance of each correlation. Correlations generated in this research were added to the REVEAL™ reservoir simulation package to accurately forecast FCD impact on SAGD well pair performance. Simulating four year periods of production for SAGD well pairs in Albertan reservoirs consistently show that FCD usage simultaneous improved bitumen recovery by 50% or more and decreased cumulative steam/oil ratios (cSOR) by 12 m3/m3, largely through improved steam chamber conformance and by eliminating steam breakthrough events in the producer. Net Present Value (NPV) analysis of improvements with the additional cost of FCD completion tools unfailingly showed a strong economic argument for the use of FCDs to improve thermal efficiency.
Phase noise in inverter-based & amp; differential CMOS ring oscillators (2006)

Simple but precise expressions are derived for jitter, and thus for phase noise, in inverter-based and differential ring oscillators. White and flicker noise are included. The expressions are validated by measurement and simulation.
Plasmonic Infrared Attenuator (2019)

A variable attenuator for high-powered IR beams, based on MEMS-controlled excitation of surface plasmon polaritons on suitably conducting surfaces is described. Materials choice determines the useful spectral band. Intensity variation over nine-orders is theoretically possible.
Studying groundwater pollution in the surroundings of a recultivated sewage disposal site in eastern Hungary (2013)

The investigation of our research was done in Mikepercs, near to Debrecen, Eastern Hungary. The sewage system of the settlement was completed in 2010, previously the communal waste water had been transported to a nearby sewage disposal site, constructed in 1982 on sandy deposits without any technical isolation. In the surroundings of the disposal site we analysed the quality of groundwater in 2005 and 2010. In this paper we deal with the KOI ps and the NH 4+ pollution. We found that the concentrations exceeded the contamination limit values for several times. In the spring of 2011 the disposal site was recultivated, and ceased supplying sewage water, so an improvement has been expected in the quality of ground water. Continuing the research in November of 2011 we started sampling the same boreholes which were used in 2005 and 2010. Currently we have got fourteen month results. The positive effect of the recultivation is not unambiguous at the present time. There are some wells where we could detect the improvement of the water quality, while in the case of other wells the water quality has been deteriorating significantly, particularly near by the disposal site. We need additional examinations to see of the effects of the recultivation and detect the rate of the improvement of water quality.
Volume labeling with Alexa Fluor dyes and surface functionalization of highly sensitive fluorescent silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (2013)

A new synthesis approach is described that allows the direct incorporation of fluorescent labels into the volume or body of SiO2 nanoparticles. In this process, fluorescent Alexa Fluor dyes with different emission wavelengths were covalently incorporated into the SiO2 nanoparticles during their formation by the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane. The dye molecules were homogeneously distributed throughout the SiO2 nanoparticles. The quantum yields of the Alexa Fluor volume-labeled SiO2 nanoparticles were much higher than nanoparticles labeled using conventional organic dyes. The size of the resulting nanoparticles was controlled using microemulsion reaction media with sizes in the range of 20-100 nm and a polydispersity of <15%. In comparison with conventional surface tagged particles created by post-synthesis modification, this process maintains the physical and surface chemical properties that have the most pronounced effect on colloidal stability and interactions with their surroundings. These volume-labeled nanoparticles have proven to be extremely robust, showing excellent signal strength, negligible photobleaching, and minimal loss of functional organic components. The native or "free" surface of the volume-labeled particles can be altered to achieve a specific surface functionality without altering fluorescence. Their utility was demonstrated for visualizing the association of surface-modified fluorescent particles with cultured macrophages. Differences in particle agglomeration and cell association were clearly associated with differences in observed nanoparticle toxicity. The capacity to maintain particle fluorescence while making significant changes to surface chemistry makes these particles extremely versatile and useful for studies of particle agglomeration, uptake, and transport in environmental and biological systems.
A 77 GHz Frequency Doubling Two-Path Phased-Array FMCW Transceiver for Automotive Radar (2016)

A fully-integrated 77 GHz frequency doubling two-path phased-array frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) transceiver for automotive radar applications is proposed. By utilizing the frequency doubling scheme, the chirp bandwidth is improved, and the complexity of the frequency synthesizer and the insertion loss of the local-oscillating (LO) distribution network are both reduced. Top-injected coupled resonator based wide locking range technique is proposed in the frequency doublers to minimize the required injection power to cover the chirp bandwidth plus enough PVT variation margin, and therefore reduce the power consumption of the LO distribution network. Current-reused coupled resonator technique is utilized to implement the LO phase shifting in each receiving path. The digitally controlled artificial dielectric-based transmission lines are inserted in the low noise amplifiers to provide the operation frequency calibration capability. The receiving two-path signals are converted into intermediate frequency by low flicker noise current-mode passive mixers and then combined in the trans-impedance amplifier, followed by the reconfigurable analog baseband processing. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, the FMCW transceiver has achieved 1.93 GHz maximum chirp bandwidth, 12.9 ~ 13.2 dBm maximum transmitting power, and 47.8 ~ 100.7 dB programmable receiving conversion gain. The transceiver consumes 343 mW power and 4.64 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip area including all of the pads.
<title>Polymer optical fiber photosensitivity and highly tunable optical fiber Bragg grating</title> (2000)

Photosensitive optical fibers provide great potential for development of many important devices. The application of photosensitivity of optical fibers has profound impact to telecommunication at the 1550nm window and, increasingly, to optical fiber sensing as well as other systems. Large tunability in fiber grating is of great significance for future dense wavelength division multiplexing where channel selectivity and reconfigurability are of prime concern. The group in University of New South Wales has recently investigated the photo sensitivities of various polymer optical fibers and has demonstrated that polymer optical fiber Bragg grating based on poly(methyl methacrylate) could be made and tuned over a range of more than 70nm, far exceeding that could possibly achieved in conventional silica fiber Bragg gratings. More recently, the photosensitivity of a low loss new polymer fibre material- CYTOP has been demonstrated. These research activities and results unfold the great potential of realizing a new class of fiber Bragg grating for various photonic applications. This paper will review the recent developments and will discuss some of the important prospects and remaining challenges in polymer fiber Bragg gratings and related topics.
Inhibition of Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis by Gabaculin (3-Amino, 2,3-dihydrobenzoic Acid) and Presence of an Enzyme of the C<sub>5</sub>-Pathway of δ-Aminolevulinate Synthesis in Chloroflexus aurantiacus (1989)

Abstract Biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll c and a in the thermophilic phototrophic prokaryote. Chloroflexus aurantiacus Ok-70-fl, was strongly inhibited by the antibiotic gabaculin (3-amino 2,3- dihydrobenzoic acid), an inhibitor of the glutamate-C 5 -pathway of ö-aminolevulinate (ALA) synthesis. The key enzyme of the Shemin-pathway of ALA formation, ALA synthase (EC 2.3.1.37), was not detected in cell extracts of Chi. aurantiacus. However, the extracts catalyzed ALA formation from glutamate 1-semialdehyde, a reaction being highly sensitive to gabaculin.
Synthesis of Imides and Benzoylureas by Direct Oxidation of <i>N</i>-methylenes of Amides and Benzylureas (2013)

Some amides and benzylureas can be oxidised to imides and benzoylureas, respectively, using silver(I) nitrate (20 mol %), copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (20 mol %), ammonium persulfate (3.0 equiv.), and potassium fluoride (20 equiv.) in water at room temperature.
Enzyme Immunoassays: From Concept to Product Development (1996)

Part 1: Basic considerations (concepts): Introduction. Antibody: biochemistry, structure, and function. Antigen: antibody reactions. Conjugation techniques. Antibody production. Enzymes and signal amplification systems. Separation and solid phase systems. Part 2: Product development: Immunoassay classification and commercial technologies. Assay development, evaluation, and validation. Reagent formulations and shelf life evaluation. Data analysis. Documentation, Registration, and Diagnostic Start-Ups.
High-speed imaging of human retina in vivo with swept-source optical coherence tomography (2006)

We present the first demonstration of human retinal imaging in vivo using optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) in the 800-nm range. With 460-muW incident power on the eye, the sensitivity is 91 dB at maximum and >85 dB over 2-mm depth range. The axial resolution is 13 mum in air. We acquired images of retina at 43,200 depth profiles per second and a continuous acquisition speed of 84 frames/s (512 A-lines per frame) could be maintained over more than 2 seconds.
Viral and Host Factors that Contribute to Pathogenicity of Enterovirus 71 (2012)

The single-stranded RNA virus enterovirus 71 (EV71), which belongs to the Picornaviridae family, has caused epidemics worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. Most EV71 infections result in mild clinical symptoms, including herpangina and hand, foot and mouth disease. However, serious pathological complications have also been reported, especially for young children. The mechanisms of EV71 disease progression remain unclear. The pathogenesis of adverse clinical outcomes may relate to many factors, including cell tropism, cell death and host immune responses. This article reviews the recent advances in the identification of factors determining EV71 cell tropism, the associated mechanisms of viral infection-induced cell death and the interplay between EV71 and immunity.
Acoustical properties of granular aerogel agglomerates (2022)

Granular aerogel agglomerates obtain their unique mechanical and functional properties from their underlying mesoporous structure and intergranular interactions. In this presentation, we focus on the acoustical properties of granular aerogel layers and present experimental results characterizing the absorption behavior of granular silica aerogels with average particle sizes ranging from 5 μm to 2 mm. Our results show that the absorption behavior of granular aerogels strongly depends on the average particle size. To better understand this particle size dependence, we model the granular agglomerates using Biot’s limp and poro-elastic formulation. Finally, we use the developed model to design layered aerogel granular stacks with wideband sound absorption properties.
[Radiodiagnosis of multiple and combined mechanical injury of facial structures]. (2008)

Increasing traumatism due to various causes in the population is one of the characteristics of today. The number of facial structural injuries, which amount about 40% of all types of injuries and tend to increase by an annual average of 2%, is also on the rise. Introduction of current radiodiagnostic techniques into clinical practice makes it possible to optimize a diagnostic stage and to increase the informative value of radiation study, and to plan surgical treatment as well.
An Improved Weighting Kernel for Analytical Time-of-Flight PET Reconstruction (2008)

We demonstrate a new weighting kernel for linear time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction that produces lower image noise variance in finite-sized objects than ldquoconfidence weightingrdquo (CW) or any other kernel previously reported in the literature. The proposed kernel is adaptive to object size, but is always broader than the CW kernel. For 1.25 nsec TOF resolution, the new kernel improves image noise variance in a 10 cm diameter cylinder by 8%. Small but significant gains in image noise variance are also seen in clinical reconstructions.