gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic Transport and Raman Scattering in Size-Controlled Nanoperforated Graphene (2012)

We demonstrate the fabrication and study of the structure-property relationships of large-area (>1 cm(2)) semiconducting nanoperforated (NP) graphene with tunable constriction width (w = 7.5-14 nm), derived from CVD graphene using block copolymer lithography. Size-tunable constrictions were created while minimizing unintentional doping by using a dual buffer layer pattern-transfer method. An easily removable polymeric layer was sandwiched between an overlying silicon oxide layer and the underlying graphene. Perforation-size was controlled by overetching holes in the oxide prior to pattern transfer into graphene while the polymer protected the graphene from harsh conditions during oxide etching and lift off. The processing materials were removed using relatively mild solvents yielding the clean isolation of NP graphene and thereby facilitating Raman and electrical characterization. We correlate the D to G ratio as a function of w and show three regimes depending on w relative to the characteristic Raman relaxation length. Edge phonon peaks were also observed at 1450 and 1530 cm(-1) in the spectra, without the use of enhancement methods, due to high density of nanoconstricted graphene in the probe area. The resulting NP graphene exhibited semiconducting behavior with increasing ON/OFF conductance modulation with decreasing w at room temperature. The charge transport mobility decreases with increasing top-down reactive ion etching. From these comprehensive studies, we show that both electronic transport and Raman characteristics change in a concerted manner as w shrinks.
LocLok (2017)

We demonstrate LocLok, a LOCation-cLOaKing system to protect the locations of a user with differential privacy. LocLok has two features: (a) it protects locations under temporal correlations described through hidden Markov model; (b) it releases the optimal noisy location with the planar isotropic mechanism (PIM), the first mechanism that achieves the lower bound of differential privacy. We show the detailed computation of LocLok with the following components: (a) how to generate the possible locations with Markov model, (b) how to perturb the location with PIM, and (c) how to make inference about the true location in Markov model. An online system with real-word dataset will be presented with the computation details.
Heavily Doped p‐Type PbSe with High Thermoelectric Performance: An Alternative for PbTe (2011)

PbSe was expected to have a smaller bandgap and higher thermalconductivity than PbTe. Instead, these values are about the same at high temperature leading to comparable thermoelectric figure of merit, with zT> 1 achieved in heavily doped p-type PbSe.
Exact fan-beam image reconstruction algorithm for truncated projection data acquired from an asymmetric half-size detector (2005)

In this paper, we present a new algorithm designed for a specific data truncation problem in fan-beam CT. We consider a scanning configuration in which the fan-beam projection data are acquired from an asymmetrically positioned half-sized detector. Namely, the asymmetric detector only covers one half of the scanning field of view. Thus, the acquired fan-beam projection data are truncated at every view angle. If an explicit data rebinning process is not invoked, this data acquisition configuration will reek havoc on many known fan-beam image reconstruction schemes including the standard filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm and the super-short-scan FBP reconstruction algorithms. However, we demonstrate that a recently developed fan-beam image reconstruction algorithm which reconstructs an image via filtering a backprojection image of differentiated projection data (FBPD) survives the above fan-beam data truncation problem. Namely, we may exactly reconstruct the whole image object using the truncated data acquired in a full scan mode (2pi angular range). We may also exactly reconstruct a small region of interest (ROI) using the truncated projection data acquired in a short-scan mode (less than 2pi angular range). The most important characteristic of the proposed reconstruction scheme is that an explicit data rebinning process is not introduced. Numerical simulations were conducted to validate the new reconstruction algorithm.
Identification of <i>Syn</i>-Pimara-7,15-Diene Synthase Reveals Functional Clustering of Terpene Synthases Involved in Rice Phytoalexin/Allelochemical Biosynthesis (2004)

Rice (Oryza sativa) produces momilactone diterpenoids as both phytoalexins and allelochemicals. Accordingly, the committed step in biosynthesis of these natural products is catalyzed by the class I terpene synthase that converts syn-copalyl diphosphate to the corresponding polycyclic hydrocarbon intermediate syn-pimara-7,15-diene. Here, a functional genomics approach was utilized to identify a syn-copalyl diphosphate specific 9beta-pimara-7,15-diene synthase (OsDTS2). To our knowledge, this is the first identified terpene synthase with this particular substrate stereoselectivity and, by comparison with the previously described and closely related ent-copalyl diphosphate specific cassa-12,15-diene synthase (OsDTC1), provides a model system for investigating the enzymatic determinants underlying the observed difference in substrate specificity. Further, OsDTS2 mRNA in leaves is up-regulated by conditions that stimulate phytoalexin biosynthesis but is constitutively expressed in roots, where momilactones are constantly synthesized as allelochemicals. Therefore, transcription of OsDTS2 seems to be an important regulatory point for controlling production of these defensive compounds. Finally, the gene identified here as OsDTS2 has previously been mapped at 14.3 cM on chromosome 4. The class II terpene synthase producing syn-copalyl diphosphate from the universal diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate was also mapped to this same region. These genes catalyze sequential cyclization steps in momilactone biosynthesis and seem to have been evolutionarily coupled by physical linkage and resulting cosegregation. Further, the observed correlation between physical proximity and common metabolic function indicates that other such class I and class II terpene synthase gene clusters may similarly catalyze consecutive reactions in shared biosynthetic pathways.
Lyophilized Silk Sponges: A Versatile Biomaterial Platform for Soft Tissue Engineering (2015)

We present a silk biomaterial platform with highly tunable mechanical and degradation properties for engineering and regeneration of soft tissues such as, skin, adipose, and neural tissue, with elasticity properties in the kilopascal range. Lyophilized silk sponges were prepared under different process conditions and the effect of silk molecular weight, concentration and crystallinity on 3D scaffold formation, structural integrity, morphology, mechanical and degradation properties, and cell interactions in vitro and in vivo were studied. Tuning the molecular weight distribution (via degumming time) of silk allowed the formation of stable, highly porous, 3D scaffolds that held form with silk concentrations as low as 0.5% wt/v. Mechanical properties were a function of silk concentration and scaffold degradation was driven by beta-sheet content. Lyophilized silk sponges supported the adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells throughout 3D scaffolds, cell proliferation in vitro, and cell infiltration and scaffold remodeling when implanted subcutaneously in vivo.
Biarylpyrazolyl Oxadiazole as Potent, Selective, Orally Bioavailable Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Obesity (2008)

Since the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist 1 (SR141716, rimonabant) was previously reported to modulate food intake, CB1 antagonism has been considered as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. In the present study, biarylpyrazole analogues based on a pyrazole core coupled with 1,3,4-oxadiazole were synthesized and tested for CB1 receptor binding affinity. Thorough SAR studies to optimize pyrazole substituents as well as 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring led to several novel CB1 antagonists with IC(50) approximately 1 nM for the CB1 receptor binding. Among these analogues, we identified 2-(4-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-5-(1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 43c as a promising precandidate for the development as an antiobesity agent.
CMOS-MEMS CAPACITIVEHUMIDITY SENSOR (2009)

Thispaperreports a methodforimproving the sensitivity ofintegrated capacitive chemical sensors by removing theunderlying substrate. Thesensor is integrated withCMOS testing electronics using mask-less post-processing followed byinkjet deposition ofsensitive polymer. Thistechnique isdemonstrated withahumidity sensor butcould beusedforother types ofanalytes. The measured sensitivity is0.18%change incapacitance per percent relative humidity, afactor offourimprovement overprevious integrated capacitive sensors.
Measuring chromatic dispersion and modal interference with an optical time-domain reflectometer (1993)

Introducing a wavelength-tunable source and a wavemeter, make it possible to modify a conventional optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) to measure chromatic dispersion and modal interference levels in addition to transmission attenuation, return loss, and fiber length.
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF N<font>i</font>-SHEATHED M<font>g</font>B<sub>2</sub> SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES (2003)

The preparation route for Nickel-sheathed MgB 2 tapes has been studied in order to achieve improved transport properties at temperatures above that of liquid helium. Superconducting tapes have been manufactured by the Powder-In-Tube method, that consists in the cold working of a Nickel tube filled by reacted MgB 2 powders, and in a final heat treatment carried out in Argon atmosphere. The could working procedure has been tuned in order to achieve the highest degree of MgB 2 density, while limiting the formation of sausaging of the superconducting core cross section. The effect of the final heat treatment has been studied both on the superconducting and microstructural properties of the MgB 2 tapes. The critical current of the reacted MgB 2 tapes has been measured as a function of the magnetic field and of the temperature on short samples as well as on a small pancake coil. Finally, the microstructural and XRD analyses have revealed the clear presence of a MgB 2 Ni 2.5 reaction layer between the Nickel sheath and the Nickel sheath and the MgB 2 superconducting core in the reacted samples.
Multi-Spectral Imaging of Fingerprints for Secure Biometric Systems (2005)

Fingerprints identification systems are accepted gradually in the world. However, they can be fooled by artificial fingers (replicas) and this fact is reported in the literatures and the Internet. Therefore, life recognition is desired for unattended fingerprint identification. We look at the color changes in a series of fingerprint images acquired during the course of an input action. As we press a finger upon an input device, a fingerprint area gradually increases and its color changes. This is due to the blood movements induced by a finger deformation. A fingerprint sensor based on scattered-light detection can detect this information on the blood movement inside a finger more clearly than a conventional sensor using a prism. In order to extract more information from a finger-tip, we consider an input device equipped with light sources emitting in different narrow wavelength bands, namely a multi-spectral fingerprint sensor. In experiment, we used two LEDs emitting in the visible light and turned them at the same time. From a series of fingerprint images captured by a CMOS camera, we extracted the characteristic of color change of live finger. However, there are not characteristic such as them by replica. This difference can be utilized to reject replicas for fingerprint identification.
Orthogonal Polarization Heterodyne OSNR Monitoring Technique Insensitive to Polarization Effects (2006)

A monitoring technique is demonstrated that utilizes polarization orthogonality and heterodyne mixing to measure the in-band optical-signal-to-noise-ratio. This technique is insensitive to PMD and nonlinear polarization scattering, and operates independently of the optical signal properties.
Growth of hexagonal ferrite films by liquid phase epitaxy (1977)

Single crystal hexagonal ferrite layers were grown by the isothermal dipping method of LPE (liquid phase epitaxy) using a BaO-B <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> flux. Substrate crystals were of two different types: hexagonal ferrite and Mg(In,Ga) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> spinel. By adding ZnO to the LPE melt, three different hexagonal ferrites were deposited: M-type (BaO.6Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ), Zn <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Y-type (2BaO.2ZnO.6Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ) and Zn <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> W-type (BaO.2ZnO.8Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ). On hexagonal ferrite substrates the deposits formed continuous layers; but on spinel the deposits took the form of hexagonal islands. ZnO concentration in the melt had pronounced effects when spinel substrates were used. For very low ZnO concentrations there was no deposition, while for high concentrations a spinel ferrite phase deposited with the hexagonal ferrite. Over a fairly broad range of intermediate ZnO concentration, hexagonal ferrite deposited as a single phase on the spinel substrates.
Large field of view multiphoton microscopy of human skin (2016)

Clinical examination crucially relies on the ability to quickly examine large tissue areas and rapidly zoom in to regions of interest. Skin lesions often show irregularity in color and appearance in general, especially when they start to progress towards malignancy. Large field of view (FOV) and automatic translation of the imaging area are critical in the assessment of the entire lesion. Imaging of limited FOVs of the lesion can easily result in false negative diagnosis. We present a multiphoton microscope based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation that images FOVs of about 0.8 mm<sup>2</sup> (without stitching adjacent FOVs) at speeds of 10 frames/second (800 x 800 pixels) with lateral and axial resolutions of 0.5 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively. The main novelty of this instrument is the design of the scan head, which includes a fast galvanometric scanner, relay optics, a beam expander and a high NA objective lens. We optimized the system based on the Olympus 25x, 1.05NA water immersion lens, that features a long working distance of 1 mm. Proper tailoring of the beam expander, which consists of the scan and tube lens elements, enables scaling of the FOV. The design criteria include a flat wavefront of the beam, minimum field curvature, and suppressed spherical aberrations. All aberrations in focus are below the Marechal criterion of 0.07λ rms for diffraction-limited performance. We demonstrate the practical utility of this microscope by ex-vivo imaging of wide FOVs in normal human skin.
Parathyroid hormone regulates the expression of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, OST-PTP, in rat osteoblast-like cells. (1996)

Bone remodeling requires regulated tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by specific protein tyrosine kinases, such as c-src and c-fms, and to date, unknown protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). We previously reported the isolation of a novel bone-specific receptor PTP, named osteotesticular PTP (OST-PTP), which is regulated during osteoblast differentiation and after exposure to PTH. To determine the relevance of this PTH regulation, we characterized the PTH-induced increase in OST-PTP messenger RNA (mRNA) in UMR 106 cells in comparison with PTH effects on a related receptor PTP and a PTH regulated gene, rat collagenase. Treatment of cells with rat PTH 1-34 (rPTH) resulted in a dramatic concentration and time-dependent increase in OST-PTP mRNA with a threshold at 4 h (= or < 1nM rPTH) and maximal response of 6- 10-fold above control levels at 8 h (100 nM rPTH). An increase in collagenase mRNA was detectable 2 h earlier at 100 pM rPTH with a maximal response at least 5-fold greater than that observed for OST- PTP. Levels of mRNA for the structurally similar PTP, rat leucocyte antigen-related molecule, were unaffected by rPTH treatment. Administration of cycloheximide (5-100 microM) abolished the OST-PTP and collagenase responses to PTH. The cAMP analogs, CPT-cAMP (0.01-1mM; 8 h) or Sp-cAMP (0.1 and 0.5 mM) were equal or greater in their effectiveness to enhance both OST-PTP and collagenase mRNA as compared with rPTH. In contrast, phorbol esters, calcium ionophore, bovine PTH (3-34), or human PTHrP (7-34) had no effect on either transcript. Interestingly, 36 h of pretreatment of cells with epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml), a growth factor known to modulate PTH's actions, resulted in a significant decrease in the abundance of OST-PTP mRNA after rPTH exposure. These studies suggest that regulation of OST-PTP mRNA is a secondary response to PTH stimulation that is dependent on protein synthesis and that may be primarily by activation of the protein kinase A pathway. This specific modulation of a bone receptor PTP may prove to be a critical component in the PTH modulation of osteoblast function.
Dispersion slope equaliser on planar lightwavecircuitfor 40 Gbit/s based WDM transmission (2001)

A dispersion slope equaliser on a planar lightwave circuit for 8 × 40 Gbit/s WDM transmission is reported. This device consists of an eight-equaliser array fabricated on one wafer and an arrayed-waveguide grating. The bias electrical power needed for thermo-optic phase shifts was reduced by over 90%.
The case for transient authentication (2002)

How does a machine know who is using it? Currently, systems assume that the user typing now is the same person who supplied a password days ago. Such persistent authentication is inappropriate for mobile and ubiquitous systems, because associations between people and devices are fleeting. To address this, we propose transient authentication. In this model, a user wears a small hardware token that authenticates the user to other devices over a short-range, wireless link. This paper presents the four principles of transient authentication, our experience applying the model to a cryptographic file system, and our plans for extending the model to other services and applications.
Safety and immunogenicity of multi-antigen AMA1-based vaccines formulated with CoVaccine HT™ and Montanide ISA 51 in rhesus macaques (2011)

The study highlights the safety and immunological benefits of DiCo mix as a potential human vaccine against blood stage malaria, especially when formulated in CoVaccine HT™, and adds to the accumulating data on the specificity broadening effects of DiCo mix.
Large-scale production of functional human serum albumin from transgenic rice seeds (2011)

Human serum albumin (HSA) is widely used in clinical and cell culture applications. Conventional production of HSA from human blood is limited by the availability of blood donation and the high risk of viral transmission from donors. Here, we report the production of Oryza sativa recombinant HSA (OsrHSA) from transgenic rice seeds. The level of OsrHSA reached 10.58% of the total soluble protein of the rice grain. Large-scale production of OsrHSA generated protein with a purity >99% and a productivity rate of 2.75 g/kg brown rice. Physical and biochemical characterization of OsrHSA revealed it to be equivalent to plasma-derived HSA (pHSA). The efficiency of OsrHSA in promoting cell growth and treating liver cirrhosis in rats was similar to that of pHSA. Furthermore, OsrHSA displays similar in vitro and in vivo immunogenicity as pHSA. Our results suggest that a rice seed bioreactor produces cost-effective recombinant HSA that is safe and can help to satisfy an increasing worldwide demand for human serum albumin.
Space-multiplexed optical scanner (2004)

A low-loss two-dimensional optical beam scanner that is capable of delivering large (e.g., > 10 degrees) angular scans along the elevation as well as the azimuthal direction is presented. The proposed scanner is based on a space-switched parallel-serial architecture that employs a coarse-scanner module and a fine-scanner module that produce an ultrahigh scan space-fill factor, e.g., 900 x 900 distinguishable beams in a 10 degrees (elevation) x 10 degrees (azimuth) scan space. The experimentally demonstrated one-dimensional version of the proposed scanner has a supercontinuous scan, 100 distinguishable beam spots in a 2.29 degrees total scan range, and 1.5-dB optical insertion loss.
Parallelism-Aware Batch Scheduling: Paving the Way to High-Performance and Fair Memory Controllers (2008)

In modern processors, the DRAM system is shared among concurrently-executing threads. Memory requests from a thread can delay requests from other threads by causing bank/bus/row-buffer conflicts. Conventional DRAM controllers are unaware of inter-thread interference, which causes two problems. First, some threads are unfairly penalized and denied DRAM service for long time periods. Second, as we show in our ISCA-35 pa-per, each thread’s memory-level parallelism can be destroyed. A thread’s outstanding requests that would have been serviced in parallel can effectively become serialized, exposing the latency of each request. As a result, both single-thread performance and system performance/fairness degrade. Our ISCA-35 paper proposes parallelism-aware batch schedul-ing (PAR-BS), a new approach to designing a shared DRAM controller. PAR-BS is based on two new basic building blocks which collectively reduce inter-thread interference in DRAM, en-sure fairness, and preserve the memory-level parallelism of each thread. As a result, PAR-BS reduces the memory-related stall-time experienced by the threads. In addition, PAR-BS provides fairness, avoids starvation of any thread, and seamlessly incorpo-rates support for system-level thread priorities. Our evaluations show that PAR-BS significantly improves both fairness and sys-tem performance compared to four previous DRAM controllers across a wide variety of workloads and systems.