gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared Raman Spectroscopy for In Vitro Detection of Cervical Precancers (1998)

In this study, we investigate the potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy to differentiate cervical precancers from normal tissues, inflammation and metaplasia and to differentially diagnose low-grade and high-grade precancers. Near infrared Raman spectra were measured from 36 biopsies from 18 patients in vitro. Detection algorithms were developed and evaluated relative to histopathologic examination. Algorithms based on empirically selected peak intensities, ratios of peak intensities and a combination of principal component analysis for data reduction and Fisher discriminant analysis for classification were investigated. Spectral peaks were tentatively identified from measured spectra of potential chromophores. Empirically selected normalized intensities can differentiate precancers from other tissues with an average sensitivity and specificity of 88 +/- 4% and 92 +/- 4%. Ratios of unnormalized intensities can differentiate precancers from other tissues with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 88% and high-grade from low-grade lesions with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Using multivariate methods, intensities at eight frequencies can be used to differentiate precancers from all other tissues with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 92% in an unbiased test. Raman algorithms can potentially separate benign abnormalities such as inflammation and metaplasia from precancers. Comparison of tissue spectra to published and measured chromophore spectra indicate that the most likely primary contributors to the tissue spectra are collagen, nucleic acids, phospholipids and glucose 1-phosphate. These results suggest that near-infrared Raman spectroscopy can be used for cervical precancer diagnosis and may be able to accurately separate samples with inflammation and metaplasia from precancer.
Precise point positioning with multiple Galileo frequencies (2008)

Precise point positioning is analysed with new ionosphere-free mixed code-carrier combinations of satellite-satellite single difference (SD) measurements. The large wavelength of 3.215 m and the low noise level of 3.76 cm of an L1-E5 linear combination enable reliable fixing of ambiguities with a sequential bootstrapping and an integer decorrelation transformation. This linear combination suppresses the L1 code noise and multipath by 23.5 dB. The bias estimation accuracy is improved by an additional ionosphere-free L1-E5 linear combination of time-differenced measurements that is uncorrelated with respect to the first linear combination. The SD biases of the discrimination maximizing linear combination are determined at a single reference station with an accuracy between a few millimeters and 1 cm within 5 min. These biases refer to a geometry-preserving linear combination and are directly applicable at the mobile receiver. Moreover, the SD phase and code biases on L1 and E5 are determined separately by subdividing the Galileo E5 band into the E5a, E5b and E5c band whereas the latter one corresponds to the central lobe between E5a and E5b.
Angiotensin converting enzyme‐inhibitory activity and antimicrobial effect of fermented camel milk (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) (2017)

This study aimed to determine the angiotensin converting enzyme‐inhibitory activity and antimicrobial effect of fermented camel milk. Samples were prepared either using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus or Lactobacillus helveticus and Str. thermophilus and labelled as S1 and S2, respectively. The IC 50 values of S1 and S2 samples ranged between 113–200 and 70–133 μg/mL, respectively. The antimicrobial effects of S1 and S2 samples against Bacillus cereus , Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were apparent after 12 h of incubation and continued until 15 days of storage, whereas unfermented camel milk exhibited no antimicrobial effects against any of the tested pathogens.
Preparation of Graphite Fluoride by Vertical Vibrating Reactor (1984)

Abstract A study was made of the yield and crystallinity of graphite fluoride using a vertical vibrating reactor, which made it possible to prepare much graphite fluoride. The yield of graphite fluoride decreased beyond 500 °C for natural graphite and petroleum coke heat-treated at 2800 °C, and beyond 300 °C for calcined petroleum coke. The crystallinity of graphite fluoride was improved through the decomposition and refluorination process in these temperature ranges where the yield decreased. It was found that a sublimative solid by-product was formed together with gaseous fluorocarbons. It was a white solid fluorocarbon with 5–9 cyclohexane rings.
Dipeptide analogues. Synthesis of a potent renin inhibitor (1985)

M. G. Bock, R. M. DiPardo, B. E. Evans, K. E. Rittle, J. S. Boger, R. M. Freidinger and D. F. Veber, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 109 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000109
Generating efficient test sets with a model checker (2004)

It is well-known that counterexamples produced by model checkers can provide a basis for automated generation of test cases. However when this approach is used to meet a coverage criterion, it generally results in very inefficient test sets having many tests and much redundancy. We describe an improved approach that uses model checkers to generate efficient test sets. Furthermore, the generation is itself efficient, and is able to reach deep regions of the statespace. We have prototyped the approach using the model checkers of our SAL system and have applied it to model-based designs developed in Stateflow. In one example, our method achieves complete state and transition coverage in a Stateflow model for the shift scheduler of a 4-speed automatic transmission with a single test case.
DRAM circuit design: a tutorial (2001)

From the Publisher:
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) circuits are the most manufactured integrated circuits in production with annual sales of $25 billion. The future will bring embedding DRAM with data processors for complete systems on a chip. This has increased the number of design engineers doing DRAM design. DRAM Circuit Design: A Tutorial teaches the introductory-level design of DRAM memory chips. Topics covered include: DRAM Array, The Peripheral Circuitry, Global Circuitry and Considerations, Voltage Converters, and synchronization in DRAMs.
Unsupervised learning in neuromemristive systems (2015)

Neuromemristive systems (NMSs) currently represent the most promising platform to achieve energy efficient neuro-inspired computation. However, since the research field is less than a decade old, there are still countless algorithms and design paradigms to be explored within these systems. One particular domain that remains to be fully investigated within NMSs is unsupervised learning. In this work, we explore the design of an NMS for unsupervised clustering, which is a critical element of several machine learning algorithms. Using a simple memristor crossbar architecture and learning rule, we are able to achieve performance which is on par with MATLAB's k-means clustering.
Randomized, controlled trial of topical phenylephrine for fecal incontinence in patients after ileoanal pouch construction (2000)

Topical phenylephrine significantly improves fecal continence in patients with an ileoanal pouch. In some patients it totally eliminates nocturnal episodes. The mechanism of benefit is likely to be one of altered neural sphincter control. This is the first study of the use of a topical pharmacologic agent to treat fecal incontinence and may have a wider application.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide Pt(II) complexes. (1988)

Several Pt(II) complexes of riboflavin (RF) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) with 1, 2-cyclohexanediamine (dach) or 2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexylamine (amcha) isomers were prepared. The coordination sites of RF or FMN to Pt(II) ions were determined to be N(5) and O(6) with resultant chelate ring formation.Antitumor activities of the dach or amcha Pt(II) complexes were tested against murine leukemia L1210 and all of them were antitumor-active. Pt(FMN)(trans-l-dach) exhibited the higher activity with a T/C% value of 326, with 4 cured mice out of 6. These results justify further testing.
High Resolution - Extended Depth of Field Imaging (2006)

A pupil phase mask, designed for incoherently illuminated scenes, allows imaging with significantly increased depth of field, while maintaining acceptable resolution and color preservation. Color and contrast of the resulting images may be enhanced digitally.
Memory power management via dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (2011)

Energy efficiency and energy-proportional computing have become a central focus in enterprise server architecture. As thermal and electrical constraints limit system power, and datacenter operators become more conscious of energy costs, energy efficiency becomes important across the whole system. There are many proposals to scale energy at the datacenter and server level. However, one significant component of server power, the memory system, remains largely unaddressed. We propose memory dynamic volt age/frequency scaling (DVFS) to address this problem, and evaluate a simple algorithm in a real system.
Evaluation of the potential of the phytocannabinoids, cannabidivarin (<scp>CBDV</scp>) and Δ<sup>9</sup>‐tetrahydrocannabivarin (<scp>THCV</scp>), to produce <scp>CB<sub>1</sub></scp> receptor inverse agonism symptoms of nausea in rats (2013)

Background and Purpose The cannabinoid 1 ( CB 1 ) receptor inverse agonists/antagonists, rimonabant ( SR 141716, SR ) and AM251 , produce nausea and potentiate toxin‐induced nausea by inverse agonism (rather than antagonism) of the CB 1 receptor. Here, we evaluated two phytocannabinoids, cannabidivarin ( CBDV ) and Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabivarin ( THCV ), for their ability to produce these behavioural effect characteristics of CB 1 receptor inverse agonism in rats. Experimental Approach In experiment 1, we investigated the potential of THCV and CBDV to produce conditioned gaping (measure of nausea‐induced behaviour) in the same manner as SR and AM251 . In experiment 2, we investigated the potential of THCV and CBDV to enhance conditioned gaping produced by a toxin in the same manner as CB 1 receptor inverse agonists. Key Results SR (10 and 20 mg·kg −1 ) and AM251 (10 mg·kg −1 ) produced conditioned gaping; however, THCV (10 or 20 mg·kg −1 ) and CBDV (10 or 200 mg·kg −1 ) did not. At a subthreshold dose for producing nausea, SR (2.5 mg·kg −1 ) enhanced lithium chloride ( LiCl )‐induced conditioned gaping, whereas Δ 9 ‐tetrahydrocannabinol ( THC , 2.5 and 10 mg·kg −1 ), THCV (2.5 or 10 mg·kg −1 ) and CBDV (2.5 or 200 mg·kg −1 ) did not; in fact, THC (2.5 and 10 mg·kg −1 ), THCV (10 mg·kg −1 ) and CBDV (200 mg·kg −1 ) suppressed LiCl ‐induced conditioned gaping, suggesting anti‐nausea potential. Conclusions and Implications The pattern of findings indicates that neither THCV nor CBDV produced a behavioural profile characteristic of CB 1 receptor inverse agonists. As well, these compounds may have therapeutic potential in reducing nausea.
A mask for delivery of inhalation gases to small laboratory animals. (1980)

A mask was developed for the administration of volatile anesthetics and other gases to small, spontaneously breathing laboratory animals. A vacuum-powered venting system surrounding the inspiratory gas supply prevented potentially hazardous gases from escaping into the environment. This system was used to deliver nitrous oxide, halothane, and methoxyflurane to rats, gerbils, and newborn dogs. It was used to vary the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inspired by spontaneously breathing animals undergoing physiological experiments.
Performance Benchmarking of Twin Nonlinear Two Box Models for High Efficiency Power Amplifiers (2019)

In this paper, a comparative analysis of the performance of power amplifiers' behavioral models using forward twin-nonlinear two-box structure is presented. Three models using different basis functions for the modeling of the nonlinear behavior exhibited by the device under test are benchmarked using two high efficiency power amplifiers prototypes. While the conventional forward twin-nonlinear two-box model does not accurately model the behavior of the two devices under test for the considered operating conditions, the hybrid forward-twin nonlinear two-box model is found to perform better, and the generalized twin-nonlinear two-box model leads to the best accuracy under all conditions. This shows that despite its inherent complexity, the generalized twin-nonlinear two-box model is needed in cases where highly nonlinear strong dynamic distortions are present.
Program synthesis by examples for object repositioning tasks (2014)

We address the problem of synthesizing human-readable computer programs for robotic object repositioning tasks based on human demonstrations. A stack-based domain specific language (DSL) is introduced for object repositioning tasks, and a learning algorithm is proposed to synthesize a program in this DSL based on human demonstrations. Once the synthesized program has been learned, it can be rapidly verified and refined in the simulator via further demonstrations if necessary, then finally executed on an actual robot to accomplish the corresponding learned tasks in the physical world. By performing demonstrations on a novel tablet interface, the time required for teaching is greatly reduced compared with using a real robot. Experiments show a variety of object repositioning tasks such as sorting, kitting, and packaging can be programmed using this approach.
Biclustering gene expression data based on a high dimensional geometric method (2005)

In gene expression data, a bicluster is a subset of genes exhibiting a consistent pattern over a subset of the conditions. In this paper, we propose a new method to detect biclusters in gene expression data. Our approach is based on the high dimensional geometric property of biclusters and it avoids dependence on specific patterns, which degrade many available biclustering algorithms. Furthermore, we illustrate that a biclustering algorithm can be decomposed into two independent steps and this not only helps to build up a hierarchical structure but also provides a coarse-to-fine mechanism and overcome the effect of the inherent noise in gene expression data. The simulated experiments demonstrate that our algorithm is very promising.
Comparisons of Native Shiga Toxins (Stxs) Type 1 and 2 with Chimeric Toxins Indicate that the Source of the Binding Subunit Dictates Degree of Toxicity (2014)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) cause food-borne outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis. The main virulence factor expressed by STEC, Stx, is an AB5 toxin that has two antigenically distinct forms, Stx1a and Stx2a. Although Stx1a and Stx2a bind to the same receptor, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), Stx2a is more potent than Stx1a in mice, whereas Stx1a is more cytotoxic than Stx2a in cell culture. In this study, we used chimeric toxins to ask what the relative contribution of individual Stx subunits is to the differential toxicity of Stx1a and Stx2a in vitro and in vivo. Chimeric stx1/stx2 operons were generated by PCR such that the coding regions for the A2 and B subunits of one toxin were combined with the coding region for the A1 subunit of the heterologous toxin. The toxicities of purified Stx1a, Stx2a, and the chimeric Stxs were determined on Vero and HCT-8 cell lines, while polarized HCT-8 cell monolayers grown on permeable supports were used to follow toxin translocation. In all in vitro assays, the activity of the chimeric toxin correlated with that of the parental toxin from which the B subunit originated. The origin of the native B subunit also dictated the 50% lethal dose of toxin after intraperitoneal intoxication of mice; however, the chimeric Stxs exhibited reduced oral toxicity and pH stability compared to Stx1a and Stx2a. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the differential toxicity of the chimeric toxins for cells and mice is determined by the origin of the B subunit.
Image-derived second-order differential microphone on a finite baffle. (1996)

A single first-order dipole microphone placed close to a reflecting plane results in a unidirectional second-order differential microphone. In practice an infinite reflecting plane is not attainable and it is therefore of interest to examine the effects of using a finite reflecting surface on second-order image-derived microphones. This talk will present results obtained in the investigation of a finite reflecting surface size by using the solution to the wave equation for scattering and diffraction from an oblate spheroid. The particular solution that is investigated is for the case of an infinitesimally thin oblate spheroid, the disk. Results show that the response of a first-order bidirectional sensor over the disk is sensitive to sensor location as well as to disk size relative to the acoustic wavelength. For a centrally located image-derived second-order microphone, the differential sensor response approaches a second-order response at a frequency where the reflecting baffle size is at least one-half the acoustic wavelength. Experimental results for both circular and rectangular baffle geometries will also be shown.
Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Meloxicam in Subjects With Moderate-to-Severe Pain After Open Abdominal Hysterectomy: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial (2018)

A meloxicam IV dose of 5-60 mg was generally well tolerated and appeared to reduce opioid consumption in subjects with moderate-to-severe pain after open abdominal hysterectomy. Once-daily administration of meloxicam IV produced analgesic effect within 6-8 minutes postdose that was maintained over a 24-hour dosing interval.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of (nitrooxy)alkyl apovincaminate (1993)

A series of (nitrooxy)alkyl apovincaminates has been synthesized and evaluated for their effects on vertebral and femoral blood flow. These derivatives were prepared from apovincaminic acid (4). In cerebral circulation, compound 5 (0.03-1.0 mg/kg iv) caused a dose-dependent increase in cerebral blood flow (CerBF) without affecting the blood pressure. It was more potent than vinpocetine (2). The structures of 2 and 5, determined by X-ray crystallography, showed differences in the electrostatic potential image and in the conformation of the ethyl group at the 16-position.
SU‐FF‐I‐93: Use of Novel Gradient Directions to Synthesize Complex Diffusion Geometries: When A Hot Dog Is a Pancake (2007)

Purpose: The goal of this project is to demonstrate that usage of different gradient directions during the acquisition and reconstruction phases of a DTI scan can produce images exhibiting complex diffusion characteristics. In this manner, a simple anisotropic phantom (e.g., “hot dog” geometry) could be employed to infer the quality of data for more clinically‐realistic tissue structures (e.g., oblate, or “pancake” structures, and two prolate structures that intersect). Method and Materials: A water‐filled phantom containing glass capillary arrays was constructed. Three DTI series of images from a 3.0T GE HDx scanner were acquired by specifying sets of acquisition directions to produce synthetic oblate diffusion distributions and two diffusion distributions where prolate distributions intersect, using standard gradient directions for reconstruction. Acquisition directions were calculated so that diffusion was most restricted in the y‐direction. The three desired diffusion distributions were first simulated using MATLAB, and acquisition directions appropriate for each were computed. Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and fractional anisotropy of the oblate tensor were calculated within an ROI. RMS differences between generated and measured ADCs were determined. Results: The simulated oblate data produced a tensor with reasonable symmetry in the x‐z plane, restricted in the y direction. Eigenvalue magnitudes were consistent with those measured for the capillary array, albeit with the values associated with different eigenvectors. ADC distributions for intersecting prolate distributions qualitatively resemble the simulated distributions, and quantitatively match the simulated distributions more closely than a spherical distribution. Conclusion: This work suggests that one could use simple phantoms to monitor scanner performance for measuring diffusion distributions with more similarity to tissue. Gradient duty cycle is similar to an ordinary diffusion protocol; the effect of noise, originating from sources other than the gradients, on complicated diffusion distributions could be characterized empirically.
Multimode interference (MMI) devices in silicon hollow waveguide technology for military electro-optic systems (2004)

Component alignment slots and low attenuation hollow waveguides formed in silicon substrates by standard DRIE etching techniques provide the optical analogue of the electronic printed circuit board. In conjunction with conventional pick-and-place equipment this new hybrid integration technology will facilitate low cost mass production of compact, rugged, electro-optic microsystems for military platforms. In addition to the integration of discrete components (lasers, modulators, detectors, wave-plates etc) monolithic components are also feasible. These include: (i) the analogues of free space components - plane and curved mirrors, polarization splitters, diffraction gratings, MEMS devices for beam steering etc, and, (ii) hollow waveguide components - tapers for mode matching, proximity couplers, waveguide attenuators, and, a range of multimode interference (MMI) devices. MMI devices are attractive in that they offer a wide range of optical functionality from simple geometric structures, these include intensity and wavelength splitters and mixers. In this context the military efficacy of the technology is highlighted in the demonstration of a novel form of waveguide spectrometer for a new generation of hyperspectral sensors.
Structural Characterization of High Molecular Weight Starch Granule-Bound Proteins in Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) (1997)

Starch granule-bound proteins in endosperms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) included at least one major protein with a molecular weight of 61 000 (Wx protein: starch granule-bound starch synthase) and six minor proteins with molecular weights of 115 000, 108 000, 100 000, 92 000, 80 000, and 15 000 (SGP-A1, -D1, -B1, -2, -3, and friabilin, respectively). Peptide mapping of SGP-A1, -D1, -B1, -2, and -3 indicated that the primary structures of SGP-A1, -D1, and -B1 are highly homologous but differ considerably from that of SGP-2. The internal sequences of peptides obtained from SGP-D1, -2, and -3 showed that SGP-D1 and SGP-3 are structurally similar to rice soluble starch synthase, whereas SGP-2 has homology to rice starch branching enzyme 3. These results are in agreement with results of immunological and enzymatic studies suggesting that SGP-A1, -D1, -B1, and -3 are types of soluble starch synthases and that SGP-2 is a starch branching enzyme. Keywords: Starch granule-bound protein; amino acid sequence; wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)