gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey of Catalysts for Oxidation of Mercury in Flue Gas (2006)

Methods for removing mercury from flue gas have received increased attention because of recent limitations placed on mercury emissions from coal-fired utility boilers by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency and various states. A promising method for mercury removal is catalytic oxidation of elemental mercury (Hg0) to oxidized mercury (Hg2+), followed by wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD). FGD cannot remove Hg0, but easily removes Hg2+ because of its solubility in water. To date, research has focused on three broad catalyst areas: selective catalytic reduction catalysts, carbon-based materials, and metals and metal oxides. We review published results for each type of catalyst and also present a discussion on the possible reaction mechanisms in each case. One of the major sources of uncertainty in understanding catalytic mercury oxidation is a lack of knowledge of the reaction mechanisms and kinetics. Thus, we propose that future research in this area should focus on two major aspects: determining the reaction mechanism and kinetics and searching for more cost-effective catalyst and support materials.
High-temperature reactive thermoplastic aromatic polyimides (1981)

A series of high molecular weight aromatic enyne polyimides were prepared by the condensation of various aromatic dianhydrides with (E)-1,3-bis(3-aminophenyl)-1-buten-3-yne. The polymers were soluble in common organic solvents and exhibited intrinsic viscosities as high as 0.43 (in DMAC at 30°C) with glass transition temperatures ranging from 200 to 265°C. The new thermoplastic materials have the capability to become lightly crosslinked when thermally treated during a stimulated high-temperature thermoforming process. Thermal treatment diminishes the various solvent-induced problems inherent in linear polymeric materials and advances the glass transition temperature. Copolymers were also prepared using 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene and (E)-1,3-bis(3-aminophenyl)-1-buten-3-yne in an effort to obtain various percentages of enyne along the polymer backbone and, therefore, control the degree of crosslinking. The solvent resistance of selected copolymer compositions both in neat resin and thermoplastic composite form was evaluated.
Tunable continuous-wave room-temperature Cr2+:ZnS laser (2002)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text I. T. Sorokina, E. Sorokin, S. Mirov, V. Fedorov, V. Badikov, V. Panyutin, A. Di Lieto, and M. Tonelli, "Tunable continuous-wave room-temperature Cr2+:ZnS laser," in Advanced Solid-State Lasers, M. Fermann and L. Marshall, eds., Vol. 68 of Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2002), paper WA5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Lymphocyte-specific chemokine receptor CXCR3: regulation, chemokine binding and gene localization (1998)

Expression of CXCR3, the receptor for the CXC chemokines IFN-γ-inducible 10-kDa protein (IP10) and monokine induced by IFN-γ (Mig), in human T lymphocytes and their responses to IP10 and Mig were analyzed. About 40 % of resting T lymphocytes (and low numbers of B cells and natural killer cells) stained positive for CXCR3 but these cells did not express CXCR3 transcripts and did not respond to these chemokines. However, treatment with IL-2 with or without addition of phytohemagglutinin for 10 or more days resulted in cultures of fully responsive, CXCR3-positive T lymphocytes. Treatment with anti-CD3 antibodies in the presence or absence of soluble anti-CD28 antibodies was inhibitory. Addition of chondroitin sulfate C to CXCR3-expressing murine pre-B cells allowed the determination of high-affinity binding for Mig and IP10 with Kd of 0.9 –1.2 nM and 0.2 – 0.3 nM, respectively, and 1.3 × 104 binding sites per cell. The gene for CXCR3 was localized on human chromosome Xq13 which is in clear contrast to all other chemokine receptor genes, suggesting unique function(s) for this receptor and its ligands that may lie beyond their established role in T cell-dependent immunity.
Fabrication of polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membranes from ionic liquid solutions (2015)

PAN hollow fiber membranes with good pore morphology have been fabricated using solvent mixtures of ionic liquids and DMSO, which has a lower toxicity than other commonly used polar organic solvents.
Reduction of femoral artery bleeding post catheterization using a collagen enhanced fibrin sealant (1997)

As the number of cardiac catheterization procedures increases, so do associated complications and costs. This study suggests that the application of a new collagen enhanced fibrin sealant, Collaseal, may be used effectively to achieve rapid hemostasis at the arterial puncture site following femoral artery catheterization. Results in nine dogs anticoagulated with heparin (activated clotting time 396 +/- 107, mean +/- S.D.) revealed a statistically significant reduction in signs of gross bleeding in the sealant-treated groins as compared to control (2 versus 9, P = .0156). These results indicate that this commercially produced sealant might be used in human patients undergoing cardiac catheterization to decrease complications, lengths of stay, and costs.
Intelligent Metamaterials Based on Nonlinearity for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2019)

Metamaterials provide a powerful platform to probe and enhance nonlinear responses in physical systems toward myriad applications. Herein, the development of a coupled nonlinear metamaterial (NLMM) featuring a self-adaptive response that selectively amplifies the magnetic field is reported. The resonance of the NLMM is suppressed in response to higher degrees of radio-frequency excitation strength and recovers during a subsequent low excitation strength phase, thereby exhibiting an intelligent, or nonlinear, behavior by passively sensing excitation signal strength and responding accordingly. The nonlinear response of the NLMM enables us to boost the signal-to-noise ratio during magnetic resonance imaging to an unprecedented degree. These results provide insights into a new paradigm to construct NLMMs consisting of coupled resonators and pave the way toward the utilization of NLMMs to address a host of practical technological applications.
Vacuum Packaged Silicon MEMS Gyroscope with Q-Factor Above 0.5 Million (2010)

This paper reports a new dual mass vibratory MEMS z-axis rate gyroscope architecture that prioritizes the sense-mode quality factor and provides improved ordering of the mechanical vibrational modes. The proposed linearly coupled, dynamically balanced anti-phase sense-mode design minimizes substrate energy dissipation to maximize the quality factor. The levered drive-mode mechanism structurally forces the anti-phase drive-mode motion of the symmetrically decoupled tines eliminating the lower frequency spurious mode and providing true mechanical rejection of external shocks and accelerations. SOI prototypes were characterized in a vacuum chamber demonstrating drive-mode quality factor of 67,000 and ultra-high sense-mode quality factor of 125,000. A vacuum packaging technology was introduced and demonstrated a ceramic package-level sealed gyroscope with a quality factor on the order of 100,000. The high quality factor and mode ordering of the new design provide a path toward ultra-high scale factor without compromising the sensitivity to external accelerations.
Thermoacoustics in pin-array stacks (1993)

A new thermoacoustic stack geometry, the pin array, is described. Analytical expressions for velocity and temperature in the pin array are derived, and potential advantages of the pin stack are demonstrated.
Bending MeV proton beams by means of a glass capillary tube (2012)

We study in a preliminary and simplified manner the possibility of bending submicron beams by means of glass capillary tubes. We show that protons of 20 MeV can be guided within a 10 nm diameter helical tube, for a distance of 0.55 cm, with the beam bending in the transverse direction by 0.16 mm. Although these distances are not large and the angle of incidence of the beam is very small, applications of great interest warrant further investigation of this study.
Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter Topology with Reduced Number of Components (2018)

A new hybrid structure of multilevel inverter topology is recommended in this paper. It is designed with the aim of reducing the number of components with more number of levels at the output. Proposed topology uses three dc voltage sources along with 10 power semiconductor devices to achieve 13 levels at the output. A comparative study is given with other similar topologies which proves the lower number of components. In order to achieve good-quality output voltage, selective harmonic elimination technique is used with the elimination of lower order harmonics. Different simulation results have been provided to validate the proposed topology.
Holistic optimization of distribution automation network designs using survivability modeling and power flow equations (2013)

Smart grids are fostering a paradigm shift in the realm of power distribution systems. Whereas traditionally different components of the power distribution system have been provided and analyzed by different teams, smart grids require a unified and holistic approach taking into consideration the interplay of distributed generation, distribution automation topology, intelligent features, and others.
Applications of projection method for beam shaping in reflectarray antennas (2002)

In this paper, beam shaping in reflectarray antennas based on the projection method is studied in detail. Individual elements of the array can be designed to control the phase distribution on the surface of a reflectarray antenna to realize a desired radiation pattern. A beam splitter based on this method has been designed and tested.
Antimicrobial properties of some mixed diesters of aliphatic diols (1976)

Abstract Twenty compounds, diesters of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, or cis ‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol, were screened for antimicrobial activity against a grampositive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus ; a gramnegative bacterium, Escherichia coli ; a mold, either Aspergillus flavus or A. species; and a yeast, either Candida albicans or Torula species. All of the compounds were inhibitory against two or more of the test organisms, and eight mixed diesters were inhibitory against all four types of organisms. Each of these eight compounds had a benzoate group at one ester function and an acyl group other than benzoyl, mostly fatty acyl groups of 12–22 carbons, at the other.
Halogenation of [2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl (SEM) protected 2,2′‐Bi‐<i>H</i>‐imidazole (1987)

Abstract 2,2′‐Bi‐1 H ‐imidazole, when protected with the [2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl (SEM) blocking group, on treatment with N ‐bromosuccinimide or N ‐chlorosuccinimide yields predominantly the monohalogenated derivatives 4a and 4b. The [2‐(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy]methyl group is subsequently removed to yield pure mono‐halo‐2,2′‐bi‐ H ‐imidazoles 2 .
Development of Rifapentine Susceptibility Tests for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1999)

Two methods for testing the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifapentine have been developed: the agar proportion method and the radiometric BACTEC technique. A critical concentration of 0.5 microg of rifapentine per ml is proposed for both methods since it provides a reliable means of distinguishing between susceptible and resistant M. tuberculosis isolates. It is recommended that two quality control M. tuberculosis strains be used at the introduction of these tests in a clinical laboratory: one that is pansusceptible (H37Rv) and one that is resistant to rifapentine. The resistant strain can be obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, where it is deposited under the number ATCC 700457.
Emerging Role of Liposomal Drug Carrier Systems in Cancer Chemotherapy (2003)

Liposomes have raised considerable interest as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy [1] given their ability to alter the biodistribution and control the release rate of encapsulated drugs. Their ve...
A Microwave Ice Accretion Measurement Instrument - MIAMI (1982)

Instrument used on operations aircraft to warn pilot of onset of dangerous ice buildup or as research tool for use in studying aircraft icing phenomena and in cloud research. MIAMI is embedded in surface to be monitored and conforms to surface contour.
Scheduling Dags under Uncertainty (2007)

This paper introduces a parallel scheduling problem where a directed acyclic graph modeling $t$ tasks and their dependencies needs to be executed on $n$ unreliable workers. Worker $i$ executes task $j$ correctly with probability $p_{i,j}$. The goal is to find a regimen $Σ$, that dictates how workers get assigned to tasks (possibly in parallel and redundantly) throughout execution, so as to minimize the expected completion time. This fundamental parallel scheduling problem arises in grid computing and project management fields, and has several applications. We show a polynomial time algorithm for the problem restricted to the case when dag width is at most a constant and the number of workers is also at most a constant. These two restrictions may appear to be too severe. However, they are fundamentally required. Specifically, we demonstrate that the problem is NP-hard with constant number of workers when dag width can grow, and is also NP-hard with constant dag width when the number of workers can grow. When both dag width and the number of workers are unconstrained, then the problem is inapproximable within factor less than 5/4, unless P=NP.
Drug Delivery Systems (1987)

The term "drug delivery" is truly a catch phase of the 1980s, few journals or periodicals having neglected to review the state of the art (Alper, 1984; Hildebrand, 1983; Banakar, 1984; Rogers, 1982; Check, 1984; Anderson and Kim, 1984; Zaffaroni, 1980; Inhorn, 1981; Banker and Rhodes, 1979; Senyie et al., 1985). However, although these newer concepts in drug delivery point toward a disappearance of traditional methods of drug therapy, it is likely that the bulk of pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, suspensions, and solutions for oral or parenteral use will enjoy continued wide use and acceptance. The science surrounding these dosage forms has progressed significantly in terms of the knowledge required to make better tablets, to understand the role of disintegrants, and to optimize inert ingredient ratios through sophisticated formulation design (Lachman et al., 1976; Lieberman and Lachman, 1980).
Investigation of Printing‐Based Graded Bulk‐Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells (2015)

Abstract A 2‐step method involving the evaporation of solvent through surface encapsulation and induced alignment (ESSENCIAL) has been used to create a compositionally graded active layer of interspersed acceptor and donor domains by printing‐based technologies, which can be used to fabricate solar cells with higher performance than that from traditional bulk heterojunction fabrication methods. Herein, to clarify the fundamental mechanism of the performance improvement, a multi‐scale simulation has been conducted to compare solar cells resulting from these two types of processing. The multi‐scale simulation identified the underlying improvements of the ESSENCIAL morphology over traditional morphologies. Monte Carlo simulations obtained higher hole‐mobility values and lower monomolecular recombination rates for the ESSENCIAL‐fabricated cells that, in conjunction with the optical and electrical components, showed higher short‐circuit currents, fill factors, and efficiencies, as indicated experimentally. The simulation offers the unique ability to model the varied active layer compositions and elucidate the underlying solar cell physics of complex morphologies.
Radar permanent scatterers identification in urban areas: target characterization and sub-pixel analysis (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. The permanent scatterers (PS) technique, developed by the authors during the last three years, allows the identification of radar targets particularly suitable for SAR interferometric measurements. In fact, despite its remarkable potential, spaceborne SAR differential interferometry (DInSAR) has not been fully exploited as a reference tool for ground deformation monitoring, due to the presence of atmospheric artifacts as well as geometrical and temporal phase decorrelation. Both drawbacks are overcome by using a multi-image framework of interferometric data (>30 images) in order to properly identify and exploit the subset of image pixels corresponding to coherent reflectors (PS). Whenever the sparse grid of PS is dense enough (more than 3-4 PS/km/sup 2/, constraint always satisfied in urban areas); accurate phase measurements carried out on the sparse PS grid allow one to compensate data for the atmospheric phase contributions. Average ground deformation rate as well as full displacement time series (both along the satellite line of sight, LOS) are estimated with millimetric accuracy on individual PS locations, fully exploiting the long temporal series of SAR, data available in the ESA ERS-1/2 archive. Therefore, the PS subset of image pixels can be seen as a high-density (100-300 PS/km/sup 2/, in urban areas) "natural" geodetic network. In this paper, we present some new results concerning the statistical characterization of the PS, both in terms of amplitude and phase returns. Moreover, it is shown how PS density can be significantly increased, in urban areas, by adopting a second-order model. Here, two individual scatterers per resolution cell are considered. Available data are then used to recover their reflectivity, elevation and LOS velocity. Problems related to over-fitting and model parameters estimation will be addressed. Results obtained processing 64 SAR images (ESA-ERS archive) acquired over Milan are shown. Finally, we present how PS can be exploited to carry out interferometric measurements using ERS-2 images acquired when the sensor was in emergency back-up mode (EBM). Both theoretical (signal processing) and practical issues are considered. First results obtained over Paris are discussed.
Control of cationic epoxy polymerization by supramolecular initiation (2013)

We show that BF4−·4-chloroanilinium·18-crown-6 complex can serve as an efficient thermoresponsive initiator in cationic polymerization of epoxy showing a high apparent activation energy of 100 kJ mol−1. Remarkably the conversion at the gel point and consequently the structure of the networks does not significantly depend on the initiation temperature. This bodes well for applications of supramolecular initiation to control the polymerization of epoxy thermosets.
Sagnac interferometer-type fibre-optic current sensor using single-mode fibre down leads (2004)

A Sagnac interferometer-type fibre-optic current sensor using single-mode fibre down leads was proposed. To prevent non-reciprocal phase error, depolarizers are used in the Sagnac coil. This configuration makes the current sensor less costly and more accurate. We fabricated the current sensor for an electric power substation by using the proposed technique and confirmed its characteristics. The dynamic range of 80 dB and ratio error within ±0.5% were satisfied. These results have demonstrated that the Sagnac interferometer-type current sensor using single-mode fibre down leads is suitable as an instrument for electric power plants.
Low-cost fabrication of triode structure carbon nanotube field emission display (2002)

A triode structure carbon nanotube field emission display (CNT-FED) was fabricated by screen printing and sandblasting process.
Performance of multilayer thin-film multijunction thermal converters (1995)

New multilayer, thin-film multijunction thermal converters (MJTC's) suitable as high performance ac-dc transfer standards have been fabricated and studied at NIST. This paper describes their thermal and physical features and the materials chosen to improve performance. Performance data are given over a wide range of frequencies and conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automated Verification of Practical Garbage Collectors (2010)

Garbage collectors are notoriously hard to verify, due to their low-level interaction with the underlying system and the general difficulty in reasoning about reachability in graphs. Several papers have presented verified collectors, but either the proofs were hand-written or the collectors were too simplistic to use on practical applications. In this work, we present two mechanically verified garbage collectors, both practical enough to use for real-world C# benchmarks. The collectors and their associated allocators consist of x86 assembly language instructions and macro instructions, annotated with preconditions, postconditions, invariants, and assertions. We used the Boogie verification generator and the Z3 automated theorem prover to verify this assembly language code mechanically. We provide measurements comparing the performance of the verified collector with that of the standard Bartok collectors on off-the-shelf C# benchmarks, demonstrating their competitiveness.
Isolation and partial characterization of prothymosin α from porcine tissues (1988)

Prothymosin alpha, an immunoactive polypeptide of 12 kDa, has been isolated from porcine thymus, spleen, lung and kidney. It lacks aromatic and sulfur-containing amino acids and has a high content of glutamic and aspartic acids. Tryptic digestion of porcine thymus prothymosin alpha yielded peptides which on separation, amino acid analysis and alignment with the known sequence of prothymosin alpha from rat and man showed that the amino terminal portion of the molecule is conserved and the few differences present are confined to the carboxy terminal.
Experimental investigation of design and performance of data centers (2004)

Data centers will be the computational hub of the next generation. Hosting business and mission-critical applications demand a high degree of reliability and flexibility. Deployment of large number of high powered computer systems in very dense configurations in racks in a data centers will result in very high power densities at room level. Managing high power levels in a data center with cost effective reliable cooling solutions is essential for reliability and uptime. Energy consumption of data centers can also be severely increased by over-designed air handling systems and rack layouts that allow the hot and cold air streams to mix. In this paper, we present experimental results from a design of experiments conducted at a production data center facility. The "smart" data center includes a pervasive monitoring layer that enables controlled deployment of air conditioning resources based on demand. Temperature distribution across the data center is measured by a large distribution of sensors at different computer room air conditioning (CRAC) unit air flow and supply temperature configurations. Dimensionless parameters in the form of Supply Heat Indices (SHI) are calculated, based on rack inlet, outlet and CRAC unit supply temperatures, at rack level for validation purposes. Experimental data show that SHI provides a simple and powerful tool to understand the convective heat transfer and fluid flow in diverse regions inside the data center. Analysis based on supply heat index is carried out to understand the optimization of relative air flow distribution among heterogeneous rack heat loads. The index is also used to investigate CRAC unit influences and rack air flow. Results show that these parameters not only provide an invaluable tool to understand convective heat transfer in large data centers but also suggest means to improve energy efficiency in data centers.