gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy on Early Infant Lung Function (1992)

We studied the effect of prenatal maternal cigarette smoking on the pulmonary function (PF) of 80 healthy infants tested shortly after birth (mean, 4.2 +/- 1.9 wk). Mothers' prenatal smoking was measured by: (1) questionnaire reports at each prenatal visit of the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and (2) urine cotinine concentrations (corrected for creatinine) obtained at each visit. Infant PF was assessed by partial expiratory flow-volume curves and helium-dilution measurement of FRC. Forced expiratory flow rates were significantly lower in infants born to smoking mothers, both when unadjusted and after controlling for infant size, age, sex, and passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) between birth and the time of PF testing. Flow at functional residual capacity (VFRC) in infants born to smoking mothers was lower than that found in infants whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy (74.3 +/- 15.9 versus 150.4 +/- 8.9 ml/s; p = 0.0007). Differences remained significant when flow was corrected for lung size (VFRC/FRC: 0.87 +/- 0.26 versus 1.77 +/- 0.12 s-1; p = 0.013). No differences in pulmonary function were evident among infants exposed and unexposed to ETS in the home after stratifying by prenatal exposure status. We conclude that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with significant reductions in forced expiratory flow rates in young infants. The results suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy may impair in utero airway development and/or alter lung elastic properties. We speculate that these effects of maternal prenatal smoking on early levels of forced expiratory flow may be an important factor predisposing infants to the occurrence of wheezing illness later in childhood.
In situ hybridization for quantitative assay of infectious hepatitis A virus (1989)

A method of in situ hybridization using single-stranded RNA probes of opposite polarity for quantitative enumeration of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in infected cells has been developed. Kinetic experiments showed that foci of infected cells appeared as early as day 2 postinfection. The absence of foci in cells examined immediately after virus adsorption indicated that foci detected subsequently were related to viral replication. Foci were detected by hybridization with RNA probes complementary to HAV genomic RNA but not with RNA probes identical to HAV genomic RNA. The number of foci observed was linearly related to the HAV dose inoculated. Focus formation was reduced when a virus inoculum was pretreated with guinea pig anti-HAV hyperimmune serum but not when it was pretreated with preimmune serum. The high resolution of hybridization signals and relative rapidity of the test indicated that this technique will be useful for measuring serum neutralizing antibodies and for quantitative assay of infectious HAV.
Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Detected During the Solar Eclipse of 24 October 1995 (1997)

During the total solar eclipse period on 24 October 1995, the ionospheric data derived from Faraday rotation, differential Doppler frequency shift, and HF Doppler sounding at Lunping Observatory were used to detect the traveling ionospheric disturbances associated with the solar eclipse of that day. These observed ionospheric disturbances were characterized by quasi periodic wave-like trains lasting for several cycles with wavelengths of around 193 km, periods of around 12-14 min and propagated with a hori zontal velocity of around 296 mis from the direction of the eclipse path to the observation site. By use of a simplified bow wave front model, these traveling ionospheric disturbances are interpreted as the freely propagated atmospheric gravity waves generated by the supersonic movement of the Moon's shadow through the Earth's atmosphere along the eclipse path.
Fast equalization techniques based on Kalman algorithms to improve mobile reception performance of 8-VSB receivers (2003)

This paper presents fast and robust equalization techniques to improve ATSC DTV reception for portable, pedestrian, and mobile receivers. There are many strong and dynamic echoes affecting portable, pedestrian, and mobile reception. Fast equalization techniques using Kalman algorithms are proposed and investigated for the purpose of overcoming strong and dynamic echoes.
Quality Quandaries: Design for Six Sigma: Method and Application (2011)

This article explains the phases, steps and tools of Design For Six Sigma, a methodology to apply the basic principles of Six Sigma in product and process development.
The Iliac Buttress (1993)

Fifty randomly selected computed tomographic (CT) scans of the lumbosacral spine [25 males and 25 females] were studied to determine: 1] if the lateral sacral masses could safely accept a 7 mm diameter rod [I.e., Intrasacral rod insertion] and 2/ what percentage of patients, both males and females, demonstrated coverage of the posterolateral sacrum by the ilia [i.e., iliac buttressing]. In all patients the lateral messes [i.e., the lateral intrasacral mass measurements] appeared wide enough on CT to allow for safe insertion of a 7 mm diameter rod, or other similar size implant, down to at least the level of S2 The smallest distance measured for the width between the posteromedial margin of the sacroiliac joint and the lateral cortex of the S1 neuroforamen [i.e., the lateral intrasacral mass measurement] at its location approximately midway [anteroposterior] through the sacrum on CT cuts was 17 mm [mean 28 mm]. This would appear to give adequate room for a 7 mm diameter rod to be inserted at this level in the lateral sacrum [i.c., intrasacral rod insertion]. Forty-six patients [24 males, 96%; and 22 females, 88%] appeared to have sufficient CT coverage of the sacrum to conceptually provide for so called “sacroiliac buttressing” of rods, if rods or other implants were to be inserted distally into the lateral masses. After a review of the sacral anatomy by CT it appears that: 1] Insortion of rods into the lateral sacral masses [i.e. intrasacral rod insertions], or intrasacral fixation with other similar size implants, would be possible and apparently safe: and 2] the ilia along with the sacroiliac interosseous ligaments sufficiently surround the back and sides of the posterolateral sacrum in most patients [92%], at least by CT assessment, to conceptually offer an indirect “buttress” for implants so inserted. Theoretically, this could biomechanically help rosist the flaxural loads across the lumbosacral level and possibly provide a method for improved sacral fixation with spinal instrumentation in certain patients.
Pediocin PA-1, a Wide-Spectrum Bacteriocin from Lactic Acid Bacteria (2002)

Pediocin PA-1 is a broad-spectrum lactic acid bacteria bacteriocin that shows a particularly strong activity against Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen of special concern among the food industries. This antimicrobial peptide is the most extensively studied class Ila (or pediocin family) bacteriocin, and it has been sufficiently well characterized to be used as a food biopreservative. This review focuses on the progress that have been made in the elucidation of its structure, mode of action, and biosynthesis, and includes an overview of its applications in food systems. The aspects that need further research are also addressed. In the future, protein engineering, genetic engineering and/or chemical synthesis may lead to the development of new antimicrobial peptides with improved properties, based on some features of the pediocin PA-1 molecule.
Surfactant‐Assisted Synthesis of Alumina with Hierarchical Nanopores (2003)

Abstract Using surfactant‐assisted synthesis, aluminas with hierarchical nanopores are produced. The hierarchical structures are composed of mesopores of 4 nm diameter, and macropores with diameters of about 300 nm. The structures were found to be stable to the thermal removal of the surfactant. Synthesis factors affecting the appearance of the hierarchically structured alumina material are presented. A potential mechanism for the formation of the uniquely structured aluminas is proposed.
Blockchain as an Audit-Able Communication Channel (2017)

Applications requiring strict access control, such as medical record query, often require auditing of the query. The current typical design relies on server side logging. However, logging on server-side do not provide strict means of auditing, since the server can be tampered with attackers, and also anybody who has permission to write can modify the log. We propose a scheme using blockchain technology, as a request-response channel for a client-server system, to record both client request and server reply in an audi-table manner. We have implemented a proof-of-concept system on top of a publicly available blockchain testbed. By using a blockchain as a client-server request-response channel, the request-response sequence can be verified by anybody who has access to the blockchain, providing a way to implement audit log for strictly controlled resources.
Relative Roles of TGF-<i>β</i>and IGFBP-5 in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

Although most evident in the skin, the process of scarring, or fibrosis, occurs in all major organs because of impaired epithelial self-renewal. No current therapy exists for Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The major profibrotic factor is TGF-β1 and developing inhibitors is an area of active research. Recently, IGFBP-5 has also been identified as a profibrotic factor, and studies suggest that, while both TGF-β1 and IGFBP-5 activate mesenchymal cells to increase collagen and fibronectin production, their effects on epithelial cells are distinct. TGF-β1 induces cell death and/or EMT in the epithelial cells, exacerbating the disruption of tissue architecture. In contrast, IGFBP-5 induces epithelial cell spreading over collagen or fibronectin matrices, increases secretion of laminin, the epithelial basement membrane, and enhances the survival of epithelial cells in nutrient-poor conditions, as exists in scar tissue. Thus, IGFBP-5 may enhance repair and may be an important target for antifibrotic therapies.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, a Possible Biomarker of Multiorgan Failure and Mortality in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (2019)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) leads to increased patients' mortality and medical expenditure. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a role in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation and infection. Therefore, the plasma concentration of MCP-1 was assessed and correlated with the clinical course in VAP patients. This retrospective observational study recruited 45 healthy volunteers, 12 non-VAP subjects, and 30 VAP patients. The diagnostic criteria for VAP were based on the American Thoracic Society guidelines, and the level of plasma MCP-1 was determined by ELISA. Plasma MCP-1 concentration was significantly elevated in the acute stage in VAP patients when compared with the control (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and non-VAP patient groups (<i>p</i> = 0.0006). Subsequently, it was remarkably decreased following antibiotic treatment. Moreover, plasma MCP-1 concentration was positively correlated with indices of pulmonary dysfunction, including the lung injury score (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and the oxygenation index (<i>p</i> = 0.02). When patients with VAP developed adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), their plasma MCP-1 concentrations were significantly higher than those of patients who did not develop ARDS (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Moreover, plasma MCP-1 concentration was highly correlated with organ failure scores, including simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), organ dysfunctions and/or infection (ODIN, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), predisposition, insult response and organ dysfunction (PIRO, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and immunodeficiency, blood pressure, multilobular infiltrates on chest radiograph, platelets and hospitalization 10 days before onset of VAP (IBMP-10, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Our results demonstrate that plasma MCP-1 is an excellent marker for recognizing VAP when the cut-off level is set to 347.18 ng/mL (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.936, 95% CI = 0.863-0.977). In conclusion, MCP-1 not only could be a biological marker related to pulmonary dysfunction, organ failure, and mortality in patients with VAP, but also could be used for early recognition of VAP.
Realization and modeling of a pseudomorphic (GaAs1−<i>x</i>Sb<i>x</i>–In<i>y</i>Ga1−<i>y</i>As)/GaAs bilayer-quantum well (1995)

We have realized a (GaAs1−xSbx-InyGa 1−yAs)/GaAs bilayer-quantum well (BQW), which consists of two adjacent pseudomorphic layers of GaAs1−xSbx and InyGa1−yAs sandwiched between GaAs barriers. Photoluminescence was observed at longer wavelengths than those found for corresponding InyGa1−yAs/GaAs and GaAs1−xSbx/GaAs single quantum wells (SQW), which indicates a type-II band alignment in the BQW. The longest 300 K emission wavelength achieved so far was 1.332 μm. For an accurate determination of the band offset between GaAs1−xSbx and GaAs, required for a theoretical modeling of the interband transition energies of these BQWs, a large set of GaAs1−xSbx /GaAs SQWs was prepared from which a type-II band alignment was deduced, with the valence band discontinuity ratio Qv found to depend on the Sb concentration x (Qv=1.76+1.34 x). With this parameter it was possible to calculate the expected interband transition energies in a BQW structure without any adjustable parameters. The calculations are in agreement with experimental data within a range of ±4%.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Fluorinated Polythiophenes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, Characterization, and Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Fluorinated PolythiophenesLucie Robitaille and Mario LeclercCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 7, 1847–1851Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00085a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00085a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The soluble methane mono-oxygenase of <i>Methylococcus capsulatus</i> (Bath). Its ability to oxygenate <i>n</i>-alkanes, <i>n</i>-alkenes, ethers, and alicyclic, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds (1977)

1. Methane mono-oxygenase of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) catalyses the oxidation of various substituted methane derivatives including methanol. 2. It is a very non-specific oxygenase and, in some of its catalytic properties, apparently resembles the analogous enzyme from Methylomonas methanica but differs from those found in Methylosinus trichosporium and Methylomonas albus. 3. CO is oxidized to CO2. 4. C1-C8 n-alkanes are hydroxylated, yielding mixtures of the corresponding 1- and 2-alcohols; no 3- or 4-alcohols are formed. 5. Terminal alkenes yield the corresponding 1,2-epoxides. cis- or trans-but-2-ene are each oxidized to a mixture of 2,3-epoxybutane and but-2-en-1-ol with retention of the cis or trans configuration in both products; 2-butanone is also formed from cis-but-2-ene only. 6. Dimethyl ether is oxidized. Diethyl ether undergoes sub-terminal oxidation, yielding ethanol and ethanal in equimolar amounts. 7. Methane mono-oxygenase also hydroxylates cyclic alkanes and aromatic compounds. However, styrene yields only styrene epoxide and pyridine yields only pyridine N-oxide. 8. Of those compounds tested, only NADPH can replace NADH as electron donor.
Lipoic acid: energy metabolism and redox regulation of transcription and cell signaling (2010)

The role of R-α-lipoic acid as a cofactor (lipoyllysine) in mitochondrial energy metabolism is well established. Lipoic acid non-covalently bound and exogenously administered to cells or supplemented in the diet is a potent modulator of the cell's redox status. The diversity of beneficial effects of lipoic acid in a variety of tissues can be mechanistically viewed in terms of thiol/disulfide exchange reactions that modulate the environment's redox and energy status. Lipoic acid-driven thiol/disulfide exchange reactions appear critical for the modulation of proteins involved in cell signaling and transcription factors. This review emphasizes the effects of lipoic acid on PI3K and AMPK signaling and related transcriptional pathways that are integrated by PGC-1α, a critical regulator of energy homoestasis. The effects of lipoic acid on the neuronal energy-redox axis are largely reviewed in terms of their outcomes for aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
The Importance of Brown Adipose Tissue (2009)

Udgivelsesdato: 2009-Jul-23
Establishment of a new OSCC cell line derived from OLK and identification of malignant transformation-related proteins by differential proteomics approach (2015)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually preceded by the oral premalignant lesions, mainly oral leukoplakia (OLK) after repeated insults of carcinogens, tobacco. B(a)P and DMBA are key carcinogens in tobacco smoke. In the present study, for the first time we established the cancerous cell line OSCC-BD induced by B(a)P/DMBA mixture and transformed from dysplastic oral leukoplakia cell line DOK. Cell morphology, proliferation ability, migration ability, colony formation, and tumorigenicity were studied and confirmed the malignant characteristics of OSCC-BD cells. We further identified the differential proteins between DOK and OSCC-BD cells by stable isotope dimethyl labeling based quantitative proteomic method, which showed 18 proteins up-regulated and 16 proteins down-regulated with RSD < 8%. Differential proteins are mainly related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, DNA replication, RNA splicing and apoptosis. Abberant binding function, catalysis activity and transportor activity of differential proteins might contribute to the malignant transformation of OLK. Of the 34 identified differential proteins with RSD < 8%, 13 novel cancer-related proteins were reported in the present study. This study might provide a new insight into the mechanism of OLK malignant transformation and the potent biomarkers for early diagnosis, meanwhile further facilitate the application of the quantification proteomics to carcinogenesis research.
Neurone‐specific enolase and <i>N</i>‐acetyl‐aspartate as potential peripheral markers of ischaemic stroke (1999)

Serum N-acetyl-aspartate appears to be an early peripheral marker of ischaemically affected brain neurones, and the ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate to a protein marker, such as NSE, may serve as an index of irreversibility.
Identification of the most odour‐active volatiles in fresh, hand‐extracted juice of Valencia late oranges by odour dilution techniques (1998)

Application of the aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) on an extract of the volatiles, isolated by solvent extraction of fresh orange juice followed by sublimation in vacuo at room temperature, resulted in the detection of 42 odour-active compounds with flavour dilution (FD) factors between 4 and 1024. Among the 41 odorants identified, ethyl butanoate (fruity), followed by (Z)-hex-3-enal (green) and 3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethyl-2(3H)-benzofuranone (sweet, spicy) showed the highest FD factors. Further key odorants were ethyl 2-methylpropionate, (S)-ethyl 2-methylbutanoate and 4,5-epoxy-(E)-dec-2-enal (FD: 128). Application of the static headspace/olfactometry (SHO) on a sample of the same juice revealed (R)-α-pinene, (R)-limonene, ethyl butanoate, (S)-ethyl 2-methylbutanoate and acetaldehyde as the most odour-active compounds in the headspace above the juice. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> inhibits matrix metalloproteinases induced by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection (2008)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) can degrade all components of pulmonary extracellular matrix. Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces production of a number of these enzymes by human macrophages, and these are implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary cavitation in tuberculosis. The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)], has previously been reported to inhibit secretion of MMP-9 in human monocytes (MN), but its influence on the secretion and gene expression of MMP and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP) in M. tuberculosis-infected cells has not previously been investigated. We therefore determined the effects of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on expression, secretion and activity of a number of MMP and TIMP in M. tuberculosis-infected human leucocytes; we also investigated the effect of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), both transcriptional regulators of MMP expression. We found that M. tuberculosis induced expression of MMP-1, MMP-7 and MMP-10 in MN and MMP-1 and MMP-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) significantly attenuated M. tuberculosis-induced increases in expression of MMP-7 and MMP-10, and suppressed secretion of MMP-7 by M. tuberculosis-infected PBMC. MMP-9 gene expression, secretion and activity were significantly inhibited by 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) irrespective of infection. In contrast, the effects of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 and secretion of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were small and variable. 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) also induced secretion of IL-10 and PGE(2) from M. tuberculosis-infected PBMC. These findings represent a novel immunomodulatory role for 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) in M. tuberculosis infection.
Protection of Adults Rechallenged with a Human Rotavirus (1990)

Previous studies of adults challenged with human rotavirus (CJN strain) showed that 74% became infected and 55% of those infected experienced illness. Protection against infection correlated with rotavirus antibody, most significantly (P = .(05) serum rotavirus IgG. In this study, 20 previously challenged subjects were reinoculated with the same virus 9-12 months after their initial challenge. Only 1 of 8 subjects not infected after the initial challenge and 2 of 12 infected after the first inoculation became infected after reinoculation; none became ill. TIters of rotavirus antibodies (serum, jejunal, and stool) at the time ofreinoculation were about as high as or higher than they were before the initial inoculation. This correlated with greater protection, but the extent of protection was significantly greater (P <.0001)than predicted based on a previous model relating protection and preinoculation titers of serum rotavirus IgG. Thus, inoculation with human rotavirus provided homotypic protection for at least 9–12 months, and protection remained correlated with higher concentrations of rotavirus antibody. However, the specific relationship between protection and rotavirus antibody was altered after the initial inoculation.