gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the feasibility of a CDMA overlay for personal communications networks (1992)

Because of the continually increasing demand for mobile communications, it has been suggested that personal communication networks (PCNs) be established in the 1850-1990 MHz range. However, that band of frequencies is currently occupied by various microwave signals transmitted by users ranging from utility companies to state and local agencies. In order to allow both sets of users to occupy these frequencies as well as improve the spectral efficiency of this band, a spread-spectrum overlay is proposed, whereby a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) PCN would share the spectral band with the existing narrowband microwave traffic. The results of several field tests which have been designed to demonstrate the feasibility of an overlay of this type are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computational Imaging on the Electric Grid (2019)

Night beats with alternating current (AC) illumination. By passively sensing this beat, we reveal new scene information which includes: the type of bulbs in the scene, the phases of the electric grid up to city scale, and the light transport matrix. This information yields unmixing of reflections and semi-reflections, nocturnal high dynamic range, and scene rendering with bulbs not observed during acquisition. The latter is facilitated by a dataset of bulb response functions for a range of sources, which we collected and provide. To do all this, we built a novel coded-exposure high-dynamic-range imaging technique, specifically designed to operate on the grid's AC lighting.
Performance trade-offs in single-photon avalanche diode miniaturization (2007)

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) provide photons' time of arrival for various applications. In recent years, attempts have been made to miniaturize SPADs in order to facilitate large-array integration and in order to reduce the dead time of the device. We investigate the benefits and drawbacks of device miniaturization by characterizing a new fast SPAD in a commercial 0.18 microm complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. The device employs a novel and efficient guard ring, resulting in a high fill factor. Thanks to its small size, the dead time is only 5 ns, resulting in the fastest reported SPAD to date. However, the short dead time is accompanied by a high after-pulsing rate, which we show to be a limiting parameter for SPAD miniaturization. We describe a new and compact active-recharge scheme which improves signal-to-noise tenfold compared with the passive configuration, using a fraction of the area of state-of-the-art active-recharge circuits, and without increasing the dead time. The performance of compact SPADs stands to benefit such applications as high-resolution fluorescence-lifetime imaging, active-illumination three-dimensional imagers, and quantum key distribution systems.
Optimal Communication Complexity of Authenticated Byzantine Agreement (2018)

Byzantine Agreement (BA) is one of the most fundamental problems in distributed computing, and its communication complexity is an important efficiency metric. It is well known that quadratic communication is necessary for BA in the worst case due to a lower bound by Dolev and Reischuk. This lower bound has been shown to be tight for the unauthenticated setting with f < n/3 by Berman et al. but a considerable gap remains for the authenticated setting with n/3 ≤ f < n/2. This paper provides two results towards closing this gap. Both protocols have a quadratic communication complexity and have different trade-offs in resilience and assumptions. The first protocol achieves the optimal resilience of f < n/2 but requires a trusted setup for threshold signature. The second protocol achieves near optimal resilience f ≤ (1/2 - ε)n in the standard PKI model.
<title>Scanning laser polarimetry of the retinal nerve fiber layer</title> (1992)

The assessment of the condition of the retinal nerve fiber layer plays an important role for the early detection of blinding eye diseases like glaucoma. We describe the application of a scanning laser polarimeter for quantitative measurements of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in vivo. The measuring beam of the scanning laser polarimeter is focused on the retina and penetrates the birefringent nerve fiber layer. The retardation of the light double- passing the nerve fiber layer is proportional to its thickness and is measured at 256 by 256 positions within a field of view of 15 by 15 degrees. The measurement time is less than 1 second. During the measurement, the polarization effects of the anterior segment of the human eye are canceled by a cornea polarization compensator. The retinal retardation values are displayed as a color coded map of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness distribution.
Buoyancy Driven Heat Transfer Behavior of Zinc Oxide (ZnO)–Water Nanofluids (2013)

The systematic experiments were performed for buoyancy driven heat transfer of zinc oxide (ZnO)-water nanofluids with volume fraction 0.5%, 1%, and 2% in rectangular (50×50×75mm) cavity heated from below. In addition to determining the convective heat transfer coefficients, this study also included experimental determination of density, effective thermal conductivity, and rheological behavior of nanofluids. For all the properties and natural convection behavior De-Ionized (DI) water was used as the baseline data. The results show that density measurements agree well with predicted values by equation, thermal conductivity enhanced by ∼14% for 2 vol% nanofluids, and shear thinning behavior of nanofluids. The natural convection behavior shows degradation of heat transfer and degradation increases with the volume fraction of nanoparticles. Probable reasons of degradation are discussed in the paper.
Optimizing Downlink Throughput with User Cooperation and Scheduling in Adaptive Cellular Networks (2007)

User cooperation is an emerging transmission framework where users act as relays of each other to provide extra diversity paths for better overall performance. However, most work in the literature focused only on the physical-layer properties and operations of a fixed pair of source and destination at a particular time instant. In contrast, we consider the downlink throughput optimization for an adaptive cellular network with both user cooperation and scheduling. Firstly, we evaluate several commonly used cooperation strategies under different fairness constraints. We show that the decode-and-forward protocol cannot deliver any capacity gain over its non-cooperative counterpart when users are scheduled for maximizing the overall system throughput. Secondly, the placement of relaying timeslots, which directly affects the cooperation performance, is investigated over existing frame structures so that user cooperation can be enabled easily in conventional networks. It is shown that multiple relays can actually be supported in different timeslots concurrently with other transmissions through scheduling and the corresponding optimal relays selection and power allocation are derived.
Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Hemagglutinin Elicits Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibodies against a Panel of H3N2 Influenza Virus Cocirculating Variants (2017)

Each influenza season, a set of wild-type viruses, representing one H1N1, one H3N2, and one to two influenza B isolates, are selected for inclusion in the annual seasonal influenza vaccine. In order to develop broadly reactive subtype-specific influenza vaccines, a methodology called computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRA) was used to design novel hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine immunogens. COBRA technology was effectively used to design HA immunogens that elicited antibodies that neutralized H5N1 and H1N1 isolates. In this report, the development and characterization of 17 prototype H3N2 COBRA HA proteins were screened in mice and ferrets for the elicitation of antibodies with HA inhibition (HAI) activity against human seasonal H3N2 viruses that were isolated over the last 48 years. The most effective COBRA HA vaccine regimens elicited antibodies with broader HAI activity against a panel of H3N2 viruses than wild-type H3 HA vaccines. The top leading COBRA HA candidates were tested against cocirculating variants. These variants were not efficiently detected by antibodies elicited by the wild-type HA from viruses selected as the vaccine candidates. The T-11 COBRA HA vaccine elicited antibodies with HAI and neutralization activity against all cocirculating variants from 2004 to 2007. This is the first report demonstrating broader breadth of vaccine-induced antibodies against cocirculating H3N2 strains compared to the wild-type HA antigens that were represented in commercial influenza vaccines.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> There is a need for an improved influenza vaccine that elicits immune responses that recognize a broader number of influenza virus strains to prevent infection and transmission. Using the COBRA approach, a set of vaccines against influenza viruses in the H3N2 subtype was tested for the ability to elicit antibodies that neutralize virus infection against not only historical vaccine strains of H3N2 but also a set of cocirculating variants that circulated between 2004 and 2007. Three of the H3N2 COBRA vaccines recognized all of the cocirculating strains during this era, but the chosen wild-type vaccine strains were not able to elicit antibodies with HAI activity against these cocirculating strains. Therefore, the COBRA vaccines have the ability to elicit protective antibodies against not only the dominant vaccine strains but also minor circulating strains that can evolve into the dominant vaccine strains in the future.
Relationship between sugar properties and stickiness measurements (2001)

Cotton contaminated with excessive amounts of sugars causes serious problems in spinning mills. During the yarn manufacturing process, the machinery is contaminated to different degrees depending on the processing stage. The contaminants are mainly sugar deposits produced either by physiological or entomological sugars. It was shown that among the sugar present on the contaminated cotton, only trehalulose accumulated on the textile equipment. The accumulation of trehalulose could be related to the changes in the properties of sugars during fiber processing because of the increase of the temperature due to the frictional forces involved in the textile processing. The thermal properties of individual sugar present on contaminated cotton show that trehalulose has the lowest melting point, being around 48°C. In addition, hydration kinetic of trehalulose is very fast, All the indications gathered show that the accumulation of trehalulose is due to its low melting point and highly hygroscopic character. Therefore, humidity and temperature would have an effect on stickiness measurements. One hundred and fifty cotton bales representing a wide range of stickiness and different types of contamination were selected and tested on the H2SD under different conditions. The results obtained demonstrate that by testing at lower relative humidity (55% RH instead of 65% RH), the H2SD readings were significantly lower, 23.2% in average (on the square root transformed data). By testing at high temperature, nearly all the contaminated cottons become sticky, even the one having liftle-to-no trehalulose. At low temperature, only the cotton having significant amount of trehalulose were sticky. This shows that the H2SD principle needs to be revisited.
Magnetic Properties to Optimize the Ku2 Effect in Perpendicular Recording Media (2006)

In the present study, the values of M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> , K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u2</sub> and the first order uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy term, K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ul</sub> , to utilize the K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u2</sub> effect on the thermal stability whilst simultaneously achieving a good writability. The resulting ratio of DeltaE to H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> is discussed and compared to media without a K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u2</sub> term.
Microwave Single Pixel Imager (MSPI) Overview and Imaging Algorithm (2019)

An overview of the MSPI system and a description of the imaging algorithm is presented. The imaging algorithm relies on compressive sensing techniques, and also performs a super resolution operation. Quantified performance simulations are included, with discussion of how these results align with environmental remote sensing needs. The unique aperture is discussed in a separate paper.
Securing information by use of digital holography (2000)

An information security method that uses a digital holographic technique is presented. An encrypted image is stored as a digital hologram. The decryption key is also stored as a digital hologram. The encrypted image can be electrically decrypted by use of the digital hologram of the key. This security technique provides secure storage and data transmission. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the proposed method.
Dualband Split Dielectric Resonator Antenna (2007)

A dualband dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is designed by splitting a rectilinear dielectric resonator (DR) and carving notches off the DR. It is observed that notches engraved at different positions affect different modes. Removal of dielectric material from where the electric field is strong incurs a significant increase in resonant frequency. The abrupt change of normal electric field across the discontinuities reduces the -factor and increases the impedance bandwidth. Both the and modes incur broadside radiation patterns on the -plane. The proposed DRA can cover both the worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX, 3.4-3.7-GHz) and the wireless local area network (WLAN, 5.15-5.35-GHz) bands.
Replacement Therapy for the Prevention of Dental Disease (1987)

Certain laboratory-derived and naturally occurring oral bacteria are promising effector strains for the replacement therapy of dental infectious diseases. In the case of dental caries, several types of low-acid-producing mutants of Streptococcus mutans and a natural variant of S. salivarius have been found that are virtually non-cariogenic. Laboratory rats can be readily and persistently infected with these micro-organisms. Once infected, the animals become much more resistant to infection by wild-type (disease-causing) strains of S. mutans. Thus, in the laboratory rat, replacement therapy has proved successful in providing lifelong resistance to dental caries following a single application of an effector strain. Attempts to extend these findings to humans have required a search for effector strains that can both colonize well and, in addition, displace indigenous, wild-type strains of S. mutans. A mutant of a strain of S. mutans producing a bacteriocin-like molecule has been found that appears to be well-suited for this purpose. Replacement therapy may also find a practical application in the prevention and cure of certain periodontal diseases. Hydrogen peroxide-producing streptococci are invariably found in plaque taken from healthy gingiva; they are rarely found in samples from active disease sites of patients with juvenile or refractory periodontitis. In vitro, peroxide production by these streptococci inhibits the growth of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and several other presumed periodontal pathogens. Bacterial interactions of this sort have also been directly demonstrated to occur in vivo. Thus, natural inhibitors in plaque may be essential for maintenance of periodontal health. Patients lacking such inhibitors may be treated by replacement therapy to restore the composition of their plaque flora to one that is conducive to health.
Improvements in Light Yield and Energy Resolution by Li<sup>+</sup> Codoping (Lu<sub>0.75</sub>Y<sub>0.25</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Pr<sup>3+</sup> Single Crystal Scintillators (2018)

In this study, we demonstrated a drastic improvement in energy resolution of (Lu 0.75 Y 0.25 ) 3 Al 5 O 12 :Pr (LuYAG) single crystal scintillators from 4.8% to 4.1% at 662 keV upon Li + codoping, which is the best value ever reported in the class of oxide single crystal scintillators. Li + codoping can also significantly enhance its scintillation yield from 16 000 to 25 000 photons MeV −1 , but slightly prolong the scintillation decay time. As Li + codoping was found to have a negligible effect on the light yield non‐proportionality, we attributed the significant improvement in energy resolution to the reduced statistical variance in the number of photoelectrons produced in the photomultiplier tube ( R stat ).
Clinical trials of VAL-083 in patients with chemo-resistant glioblastoma. (2017)

TPS2082 Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. Current standard of care includes surgery, radiation and treatment with temozolomide (TMZ), however nearly all tumors recur and the prognosis for recurrent GBM is dismal. Most GBM tumors have unmethylated promoter status for O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT); a validated biomarker for TMZ-resistance. Second-line treatment with anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab has not improved overall survival (OS) and 5-year survival is less than 3%. Dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083) is a bi-functional alkylating agent targeting N7-Guanine and inducing interstrand DNA cross-links, double-strand breaks and cell death in GBM cell lines and GBM cancer stem cells, independent of MGMT status in vitro. VAL-083 readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in brain tumor tissue. Our recent phase I/II clinical trial in recurrent GBM patients failing both TMZ and bevacizumab, suggested that VAL-083 offers clinically meaningful survival benefits for patients with recurrent GBM and pinpointed a new dosing regimen (40 mg/m 2 /d on days 1,2,3 of a 21-day cycle) which was well-tolerated and was selected for study in subsequent GBM trials. Methods: These trials include i) an ongoing single-arm, biomarker driven, Phase 2 study to determine if VAL-083 treatment of MGMT-unmethylated adult GBM patients at first recurrence/progression, prior to bevacizumab improves overall survival at 9 months, compared to historical control with lomustine (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02717962). ii) A pivotal Phase 3 study in recurrent GBM after failing both TMZ and bevacizumab. The control arm will consist of a limited number of salvage chemotherapies currently used in bevacizumab-failed GBM. If successful, this study will serve as the basis for a New Drug Application (NDA) submission for VAL-083. iii) A single arm, biomarker driven, Phase 2 study to confirm the tolerability and efficacy of VAL-083 in combination with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed MGMT-unmethylated GBM patients whose tumors are known to express high MGMT levels. The results of these studies may support a new treatment paradigm in chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of GBM. Clinical trial information: NCT02717962.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazoles: Oxidative C—C/N—N Bond‐Formation Cascade. (2011)

Abstract A new synthetic access towards tetrasubstituted pyrazoles is presented, involving the Cu(II)‐mediated reaction of a wide diversity of enamines with various aliphatic and aromatic nitriles.
Air-Change Effectiveness: Theory and Calculation Methods (1999)

This paper reports the development of methods for calculating a ventilation performance metric that is a measure of the airflow pattern in a room or zone of a multi-zone ventilation system. Temporal mixing theory is used as the basis for these methods. The methods are applicable to all ventilated systems that can be modeled as a set of interconnected chambers. Relations between the ventilation performance metric defined in this paper and those defined previously are derived. The theoretical results of this paper are consistent with published experimental findings. They also illustrate that the conclusions in some experimental studies about the airflow patterns in working buildings may be incorrect. Re-analysis of previously published data illustrates how common features of mechanically ventilated buildings, such as recirculation of return air and multiple chambers, confound information about airflow patterns in tracer gas data. The calculation methods developed in this paper can be used to undo this confounding.
Parametric directional coding for precomputed sound propagation (2018)

Convincing audio for games and virtual reality requires modeling directional propagation effects. The initial sound's arrival direction is particularly salient and derives from multiply-diffracted paths in complex scenes. When source and listener straddle occluders, the initial sound and multiply-scattered reverberation stream through gaps and portals, helping the listener navigate. Geometry near the source and/or listener reveals its presence through anisotropic reflections. We propose the first precomputed wave technique to capture such directional effects in general scenes comprising millions of polygons. These effects are formally represented with the 9D directional response function of 3D source and listener location, time, and direction at the listener, making memory use the major concern. We propose a novel parametric encoder that compresses this function within a budget of ~100MB for large scenes, while capturing many salient acoustic effects indoors and outdoors. The encoder is complemented with a lightweight signal processing algorithm whose filtering cost is largely insensitive to the number of sound sources, resulting in an immediately practical system.
Process Research and Scale-Up for a β-3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist (2004)

A scaleable synthesis of the β-3 adrenergic receptor agonist, (4-{2-[2-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-(2R)-hydroxy-ethylamino]ethoxy}phenyl)acetic acid is presented. The key coupling step utilizes a silyl-protected β-hydroxy tosylate to alkylate a primary amine, thus avoiding water-soluble intermediates and reducing unwanted side products. Deprotection strategies and isolation of a zwitterionic species are described.
Cerenkov Luminescence Tomography for<i>In Vivo</i>Radiopharmaceutical Imaging (2011)

Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is a cost-effective molecular imaging tool for biomedical applications of radiotracers. The introduction of Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) relative to planar CLI can be compared to the development of X-ray CT based on radiography. With CLT, quantitative and localized analysis of a radiopharmaceutical distribution becomes feasible. In this contribution, a feasibility study of in vivo radiopharmaceutical imaging in heterogeneous medium is presented. Coupled with a multimodal in vivo imaging system, this CLT reconstruction method allows precise anatomical registration of the positron probe in heterogeneous tissues and facilitates the more widespread application of radiotracers. Source distribution inside the small animal is obtained from CLT reconstruction. The experimental results demonstrated that CLT can be employed as an available in vivo tomographic imaging of charged particle emitters in a heterogeneous medium.