gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PStorM: Profile Storage and Matching for Feedback-Based Tuning of MapReduce Jobs (2014)

The MapReduce programming model has become widely adopted for large scale analytics on big data. MapReduce systems such as Hadoop have many tuning parameters, many of which have a significant impact on performance. The map and reduce functions that make up a MapReduce job are developed using arbitrary programming constructs, which make them black-box in nature and therefore renders it difficult for users and administrators to make good parameter tuning decisions for a submitted MapReduce job. An approach that is gaining popularity is to provide automatic tuning decisions for submitted MapReduce jobs based on feedback from previously executed jobs. This approach is adopted, for example, by the Starfish system. Starfish and similar systems base their tuning decisions on an execution profile of the MapReduce job being tuned. This execution profile contains summary information about the runtime behavior of the job being tuned, and it is assumed to come from a previous execution of the same job. Managing these execution profiles has not been previously studied. This paper presents PStorM, a profile store and matcher that accurately chooses the relevant profiling information for tuning a submitted MapReduce job from the previously collected profiling information. PStorM can identify accurate tuning profiles even for previously unseen MapReduce jobs. PStorM is currently integrated with the Starfish system, although it can be extended to work with any MapReduce tuning system. Experiments on a large number of MapReduce jobs demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of profile matching. The results of these experiments show that the profiles returned by PStorM result in tuning decisions that are as good as decisions based on exact profiles collected during pervious executions of the tuned jobs. This holds even for previously unseen jobs, which significantly reduces the overhead of feedback-driven profile-based MapReduce tuning.
Double-Talk Detectors for Acoustic Echo Cancelers (2006)

Double-talk detectors (DTDs) are vital to the operation and performance of acoustic echo cancelers. In this chapter, we highlight important aspects needed to be considered when choosing and designing a DTD. The generic double-talk detector scheme along with fundamental means of performance evaluation are discussed. A number of double-talk detectors suitable for acoustic echo cancelers are presented and objectively compared.
Treating small fiber neuropathy by topical application of a small molecule modulator of ligand-induced GFRα/RET receptor signaling (2014)

Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a disorder of peripheral nerves commonly found in patients with diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, and those receiving chemotherapy. The complexity of disease etiology has led to a scarcity of effective treatments. Using two models of progressive SFN, we show that overexpression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in skin keratinocytes or topical application of XIB4035, a reported nonpeptidyl agonist of GDNF receptor α1 (GFRα1), are effective treatments for SFN. We also demonstrate that XIB4035 is not a GFRα1 agonist, but rather it enhances GFRα family receptor signaling in conjunction with ligand stimulation. Taken together, our results indicate that topical application of GFRα/RET receptor signaling modulators may be a unique therapy for SFN, and we have identified XIB4035 as a candidate therapeutic agent.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Screening Aflatoxin B1 in Cottonseed Products and Mixed Feed: Collaborative Study (1989)

Abstract A joint AOAC/IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) interlaboratory study of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA) for aflatoxins was conducted in laboratories in Canada, France, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Tunisia, and the United States. Twenty-eight samples of raw and roasted peanuts, corn, whole cottonseed, cottonseed meal, ammoniated cottonseed meal, and poultry feed containing various quantities of natural aflatoxins and supplemented when appropriate with aflatoxin B1 were distributed to participating laboratories for testing. The assay is based on conjugation of pure aflatoxin B1 to an enzyme and the competition between this conjugate and (free) aflatoxins in the product for aflatoxin-specific antibodies coated onto microtiter well walls. After a wash step to remove all unbound aflatoxins, a substrate, added to each well, is catalyzed from a colorless to a green solution by any bound enzyme-conjugated aflatoxin Bf present. The intensity of the color decreases as the amount of free aflatoxin B1 in the product increases. Overall correlation was good between ELISA and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) results for cottonseed products and mixed feed. Variable results were reported for corn and peanut product samples. Although some positive samples (&gt; 15 ng/g) of cottonseed products and mixed feed were reported to contain &lt; 15 ng/g by visual determination, a review of data for absorbance measurements showed that the contamination level was close to the ≥ 15 ng/g standard and would not have been reported as negative under routine screening. Variation in ELISA results may have been due to several factors such as: lack of homogeneity of the aflatoxin contamination in the samples (prestudy TLC analysis samples were collected randomly from a pool of subsamples), interferences that resulted from incomplete removal of hexane during the filtration step, and antibody strips at or past their expiration date. The ELISA method has been adopted official first action as a screening method to determine the presence or absence of aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of ≥ 15 ng/g in cottonseed products and mixed feed.
Effect of a Quaternary Ammonium Sanitizer for Hatching Eggs on Their Contamination, Permeability, Water Loss, and Hatchability (1990)

The present study tested the biocidal effectiveness of the quaternary ammonium Hatching Egg Sanitizer Spray (HES Spray) in disinfecting broiler hatching eggs and in terms of its effects on eggshell permeability, water loss, and hatchability. The application of HES at a 1.5% or a 3.0% concentration resulted in significant reductions in the total aerobic counts on the egg surface of 98.1% and 99.9%, respectively, within 30 min of application. Molds and yeasts were significantly reduced by 3.0% HES at 14 days of incubation. Significant reductions in total aerobic counts on the egg surface due to 1.5% and 3.0% HES were also observed on eggs that were allowed to "sweat." The 3.0% HES concentration also reduced coliforms on egg surfaces. Hatchability of fertile eggs from a 32-wk-old flock was significantly increased, over 6.0%, by spraying 1.5% or 3.0% HES in comparison to controls that were not sprayed, with no significant difference in hatchability due to treatment observed in eggs from flocks that were 36, 42, 46, or 62 wk of age. This change in hatchability associated with spraying HES may be due to a change in eggshell permeability (respiration) caused by an interaction of HES with the eggshell cuticle.
<title>Data hiding in halftone images with parity coding</title> (2001)

In this paper, we propose a novel halftone image data hiding method called Data Hiding in Block Parity (DHBP), which hides the data in the block-sum parity. DHBP assumes that the original multi-tone image is available and the halftoning method is ordered dithering. DHBP can hide a relatively large amount of invisible watermarking data in halftone images while retaining good visual quality. In DHBP, one bit of information is hidden in a block of size MxN by forcing the parity of the sum of the MN pixels to be even or odd according to the data bit to be embedded. To alter the parity, one out of the MN pixels is chosen by minimizing the local image intensity change. Some custom- made quality measures are proposed to evaluate DHBP. Simulation results suggest that DHBP can hide a large amount of data while maintaining good visual quality.
<title>Optical Holographic Associative Memory Using A Phase Conjugate Resonator</title> (1986)

An all-optical fully parallel associative memory system is described which utilizes a holographic data base. Phase conjugate mirrors are used to provide feedback, thresholding, and gain. The memory is compared to the Hopfield neural network model of associative memory and preliminary experimental results are presented.
Improved Ballistic Performance by Using a Polymer Matrix Composite Facing on Boron Carbide Armor Tiles (2008)

Ballistic impact testing was used to compare the performance of boron carbide armor tiles with and without a polymer matrix composite (PMC) facing. This facing layer was in addition to a Spectra Shield Plus© spall cover and backing plate. The armor tiles were tested against a 7.62 mm armor piercing round fired from a universal receiver at varying velocities. Variations in the PMC facing were examined to evaluate the effect on performance. Facing variables included: the type of fiber, the number of plies in the PMC layer, and the orientation of the fibers in the individual plies. The use of a PMC facing improved the ballistic performance by as much as 40% compared to tiles without the facing layers. Although preliminary, these results suggest that the use of a PMC facing is an effective way to improve the ballistic penetration resistance of ceramic armor.
40nm Wavelength Tunable Gain-Switched Optical Comb Source (2011)

A 10GHz FSR optical comb, tunable over C-band with <200KHz optical linewidth, based on an externally seeded gain-switched FP laser diode is presented. Doubling of comb lines is also achieved with a phase modulator.
Dual-contrast echo planar imaging with keyhole: application to dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion studies (2005)

A new EPI-based method is presented which features optimized sampling of k-space enabling the integrated acquisition of two gradient echo images. The first of these images is predominantly T1 weighted and the second is T*2 weighted. The new method combines echo sharing of sparsely acquired high spatial frequency components with the keyhole technique and half-Fourier image reconstruction. The feasibility of acquiring high spatial and temporal resolution in vivo images for perfusion mapping is demonstrated. In contrast to most current perfusion methods, which acquire the T1- and T*2-weighted images in separate acquisitions, the need for image co-registration here is obviated since both sets of images are EPI-based and are acquired within the same measurement.
Proposition of a New Implantable Acoustic Sensor Based on Technology Evaluation of Fully Implantable Hearing Aids (2014)

Key components of implantable hearing aids are consist of an acoustic sensor that collect external sound by suppressing the body noise, a signal processor module for compensation algorithm of hearing loss, and a output transducer which has tiny size but have high efficiency, respectively. In the partial implantable hearing aids, technologies of transducer and signal processor are so matured that can be applied not too much difficulty. However, due to the difficulties in implantable acoustic sensor technology, such as minimization of masticatory sound and damage of sensor's membrane from external impact, practical use of fully implantable hearing aids have not successful so far. In this paper, we have proposed a novel implantable acoustic sensor which has trans-tympanic structure, and is verified that the proposed method can be very useful for fully implantable hearing aids by cadaveric experiments.
Hyperspectral imagery for observing spectral signature change in Aspergillus flavus (2005)

Aflatoxin contaminated corn is dangerous for domestic animals when used as feed and cause liver cancer when consumed by human beings. Therefore, the ability to detect <i>A. flavus</i> and its toxic metabolite, aflatoxin, is important. The objective of this study is to measure <i>A. flavus</i> growth using hyperspectral technology and develop spectral signatures for <i>A. flavus</i>. Based on the research group's previous experiments using hyperspectral imaging techniques, it has been confirmed that the spectral signature of <i>A. flavus</i> is unique and readily identifiable against any background or surrounding surface and among other fungal strains. This study focused on observing changes in the <i>A. flavus</i> spectral signature over an eight-day growth period. The study used a visible-near-infrared hyperspectral image system for data acquisition. This image system uses focal plane pushbroom scanning for high spatial and high spectral resolution imaging. Procedures previously developed by the research group were used for image calibration and image processing. The results showed that while <i>A. flavus</i> gradually progressed along the experiment timeline, the day-to-day surface reflectance of <i>A. flavus</i> displayed significant difference in discreet regions of the wavelength spectrum. External disturbance due to environmental changes also altered the growth and subsequently changed the reflectance patterns of <i>A. flavus</i>.
A new family of full-bridge ZVS converters (2004)

A family of soft-switched, full-bridge (FB) pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converters that features zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of all bridge switches over a wide range of input voltage and output load with minimal duty cycle loss and circulating current is described. The ZVS of the primary switches is achieved by employing two magnetic components whose volt-second products change in the opposite directions with a change of phase shift between the two bridge legs. One magnetic component is a transformer while the other magnetic component is either a coupled inductor or a single-winding inductor. The transformer is used to provide isolated output(s), whereas the inductor is used to store energy for ZVS.
Harmonic cantilevers for nanomechanical sensing of elastic properties (2004)

We present a micromachined scanning probe cantilever, in which a specific higher order flexural mode is designed to be resonant at an exact integer multiple of the fundamental resonance frequency. We have demonstrated that such cantilevers enable sensing of nonlinear mechanical interactions between the atomically sharp tip at the free end of the cantilever and a surface with unknown mechanical properties in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy.
Germanium on Silicon Avalanche Photodiode (2017)

Silicon photonics is considered as one of the promising technologies for high-speed optical fiber communications. Among various silicon photonic devices, germanium on silicon avalanche photodiodes (Ge/Si APDs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their the properties of high performance and low cost. The sensitivity of 10Gb/s APD reached -29.5dBm at 1550 nm with the bit error rate of 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> in 2015, and 25 Gb/s APD reached a highest sensitivity ever reported at about -23.5dBm at 1310 nm in 2016. Furthermore, a linear 28Gbaud APD receiver is found to have about 5dB more sensitivity than PIN solution for both multimode fiber (MMF) and single-mode fiber (SMF). Even with large defect density from lattice mismatch between Ge and Si substrate layer, Ge/Si APD devices demonstrate good reliability and pass all required qualification tests according to GR-468. In this paper, the structure, materials, process, performances, and reliability of APDs will be reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Propargylation of Aldehydes. (2012)

Abstract Under optimized conditions, aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes are propargylated by allenylboronic ester in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst to give homopropargylic alcohols with up to 96% enantioselectivity.
Plasma biomarkers to help guide the management of patients with indeterminate findings during low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening. (2015)

e22264 Background: The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers that may be capable of guiding the management of screen-detected indeterminate pulmonary nodules in the setting of lung cancer screening. Methods: We used the Luminex immunobead platform to evaluate 30 circulating cytokines and 50 autoantibodies in a total of 40 cases of screen-detected benign nodules and 40 cases of pathologically-determined stage I NSCLC. Peripheral blood was collected immediately before surgery or associated with radiography and processed using standard phlebotomy techniques. All NSCLC patients underwent anatomic resections with pathological staging and have had at least 2 years of follow up. Mann-Whitney rank-sum tests and receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were used to assess differences in biomarker concentrations in relation to outcome parameters and nodal status. Results: We enrolled a total of 80 individuals at high risk for lung cancer with positive radiographic findings and evaluable plasma specimens. From our cursory biochemical analysis we found sixteen circulating cytokine biomarkers to be capable of accurately classifying (p < 0.05) with benign vs. malignant nodules. Further, we identified three autoantibodies that were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for classifying cases of malignancies against a cohort of benign neoplasms. Conclusions: Herein, we report the identification of a series of biomarkers capable of classifying cases of stage I NSCLC versus benign neoplasms. We are currently applying unique multivariable statistical algorithms to further classify samples as high risk for malignancy. Cohort expansion and external biomarker validation studies are currently underway.
Birefringence compensation for polarization-independent directional coupler wavelength filters (1995)

We show how polarization-independent optical wavelength filters can be achieved using asymmetric directional couplers with birefringence-compensation. Simulations demonstrate that excellent polarization behavior can be achieved with practical tolerances and without sacrificing filter bandwidth or insertion loss.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Visualization of coronary artery calcium in dual energy chest radiography using automatic rib suppression (2018)

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) as assessed with CT calcium score is the best biomarker for predicting future cardiac events. Dual energy (DE) chest radiography offers an inexpensive, low radiation-dose alternative to CT. We have shown CAC can be visualized using non-gated, 2-shot, DE chest x-ray imaging. However, calcium signal from the ribs, superimposed on the CAC signal, can interfere with both image registration and reader detection of CAC. To improve the registration algorithm and the detectability of CAC, we created an enhanced CAC visualization algorithm with automatic rib segmentation and suppression. In this paper, we trained an active appearance model to detect the spatial location of rib in the DE bone images. Then, we suppressed the rib signal in the single kVp images using a kernel-filter based method. After the rib suppression, we used affine and non-rigid registration to align the CAC in low and high kVp image. 1800 dual energy cases were used in our experiment after data augmentation on 60 cases. We evaluated the segmentation from the rib AAM using six-fold cross validation. The average dice coefficient of the rib segmentation in the heart region is 0.92. The reduction of CAC mis-registration by the enhanced CAC registration algorithm is evaluated using both simulated and clinical images. Adding rib suppression improves the image registration significantly. Our results show that in both simulated synthetic images and clinical images, the CAC overlap improves from 0% to > 50% after rib suppression. Results suggest that CAC visualization and registration can be significantly improved using the rib suppression when rib signal confounds CAC signal in DE chest radiography.
Chiral fiber sensors (2010)

We have fabricated a variety of chiral fiber sensors by twisting one or more standard or custom optical fibers with noncircular or nonconcentric core as they pass though a miniature oven. The resulting structures are as stable as the glass material and can be produced with helical pitch ranging from microns to hundreds of microns. The polarization selectivity of the chiral gratings is determined by the geometry of the fiber cross section. Single helix structures are polarization insensitive, while double helix gratings interact only with a single optical polarization component. Both single and double helix gratings may function as a fiber long period grating, coupling core and cladding modes or as a diffraction grating scattering light from the fiber core out of the fiber. The resulting dips in the transmission spectrum are sensitive to fiber elongation, twist and temperature, and (in the case of the long period gratings) to the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The suitability of chiral gratings for sensing temperature, elongation, twist and liquid levels will be discussed. Gratings made of radiation sensitive glass can be used to measure the cumulative radiation dose, while gratings made of radiation-hardened glass are suitable for stable sensing of the environment in nuclear power plants. Excellent temperature stability up to 900°C is found in pure silica chiral diffraction grating sensors.
Pasta‐Like Product from Pea Flour by Twin‐Screw Extrusion (1999)

ABSTRACT The effects of extrusion parameters on the characteristics of a pasta‐like product were investigated. Increasing moisture content of the dough decreased brightness, bulk density, cooking loss and stickiness, but increased cooking time and firmness. Raising the barrel temperature increased cooking time, firmness and stickiness, but brightness, bulk density and cooking loss decreased. Increasing the screw speed increased cooking time, cooking loss, firmness and stickiness, but decreased brightness and bulk density. The product exhibited superior integrity, flavor, and texture after cooking, and less change after overcooking, compared to pasta‐like products prepared from pea flour using a conventional pasta extruder.
Study of Mechanism for Wear Adjustment with Electro Wedge Brake (2014)

Electro wedge brake (EWB) have been suggested and improved for enhancing the braking efficiency and reducing the weight and power of actuating motor than electro mechanical brake (EMB). This is due to self-reinforcement features of the wedge mechanism. On the other hand, the conventional hydraulic brake system has the passive wear adjustment without any sensors and actuators. This is because of the sealing rubber which is disposed between the hydraulic cylinder and piston, and supply the piston’s same restoring strokes regardless of pad’s wear amounts. This feature leads to the uniform distance between the disc and the pad. In comparison, electronic brake systems such as EMB and EWB don’t have the hydraulic piston and cylinder with the sealing rubber. Therefore the electronic brake systems cannot use the function of this passive wear adjustment. However, if the electronic brake system has gap sensors for detecting distances between the pad and the disc, and actuators for keeping the uniform distances between the pad and the disc, then the brake system can have the function of wear adjustments. One of our research goals is the embodiment of cost-effective and feasible wear adjustment mechanism which is proper to EWB. In this paper, as a chain of EWB’s development, we describe the proposed mechanism for wear adjustment with EWB. Further we describe the feasibility of this mechanism with the simulation study.