gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Spoofing Threat: Development of a Portable GPS Civilian Spoofer (2018)

A portable civilian GPS spoofer is implemented on a digital\nsignal processor and used to characterize spoofing effects and develop defenses against civilian spoofing. This\nwork is intended to equip GNSS users and receiver manufacturers\nwith authentication methods that are effective\nagainst unsophisticated spoofing attacks. The work also\nserves to refine the civilian spoofing threat assessment\nby demonstrating the challenges involved in mounting a\nspoofing attack.
New high-speed long-wavelength Al0.48In0.52As/Ga0.47In0.53As multiquantum well avalanche photodiodes (1985)

We report the operation of a new long-wavelength (λ=1.3 μm) superlattice avalanche photodiode. The p+in+ structure, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, consists of a 35 period Al0.48In0.52As (139 Å)/Ga0.47In0.53As (139 Å) multiquantum well i region sandwiched between p+ and n+-Al0.48In0.52As transparent layers. dc and high-frequency multiplications of 32 and 12, respectively, have been measured; the dark current at unity gain is 70 nA. High speed of response with full width at half-maximum of 220 ps at a gain of 12 and the absence of tails are demonstrated, indicating that carrier trapping in the wells is negligible. In addition, detailed studies of the spectral response for samples with thin layers (103 Å) show extremely clearly the effect of the quantum states of the wells on the photocurrent at room temperature.
Purification and characterization of L-fucose (L-galactose) dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. No. 1143. (1989)

L-Fucose (L-galactose) dehydrogenase was isolated to homogeneity from a cell-free extract of Pseudomonas sp. No 1143 and purified about 380-fold with a yield of 23%. The purification procedures were: treatment with polyethyleneimine, ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatographies on phenyl-Sepharose and DEAE-Sephadex, preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme had a molecular weight of about 34, 000. The optimum pH was at 9-10.5 and the isoelectric point was at pH 5.1. L-Fucose and L-galactose were effective substrates for the enzyme reaction, but D-arabinose was not so much. The anomeric requirement of the enzyme to L-fucose was the β-pyranose form, and the reaction product from L-fucose was L-fuconolactone. The hydrogen acceptor for the enzyme reaction was NADP+, and NAD+ could be substituted for it to a very small degree. Km values were 1.9 mM, 19 mM, 0.016mM, and 5.6mM for L-fucose, L-galactose, NADP+, and NAD+, respectively. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Cd2+, and PCMB, but metal-chelating reagents had almost no effect. In a preliminary experiment, it was indicated that the enzyme may be usable for the measurement of L-fucose.
Pilot symbol-assisted coherent multistage interferencecancellerusing recursive channel estimation for DS-CDMA mobile radio (1996)

A pilot symbol-assisted coherent multistage interference canceller using recursive channel estimation is proposed for DS-CDMA mobile radio cellular system. Since the channel variation caused by fading is recursively estimated at each interference cancelling stage, the accuracy of channel estimation is improved successively. Computer simulation results show that the required Eb/N0 at the average BER of 3 × 10-2 is improved by ~3.5 dB compared to the matched filter receiver for 10 users and two paths with equal power, and where fdT = 10-3 (fd: fading maximum Doppler frequency, T: data symbol duration).
Charge Pump Architectures Based on Dynamic Gate Control of the Pass-Transistors (2009)

In this paper, we present two charge pump architectures for nonvolatile memories with dynamic biasing of the gate and the body voltages. By controlling the gate and the body voltage of each pass-transistor, the voltage loss due to the device threshold is removed and the charge is pumped from one stage to the following with a negligible voltage drop and large conductivity. The charge pumps were fabricated in the ST 130-nm digital standard CMOS technology. Compared to conventional charge pumps, larger output voltage and better power efficiency are achieved still retaining a simple two-phase clocking scheme. Measurements performed on four-stage and eight-stage charge pumps are provided.
Development of a Self-Contained, PV-Powered Domestic Toilet and Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment System Suitable for the Developing World (2014)

We have developed a transportable prototype designed for the treatment of raw domestic wastewater, human urine, human feces, and synthetic human waste analogues. After several hours of PV-powered electrochemical treatment, the turbid, black-water influent can be clarified with the elimination of the suspended particles along with the reduction or total elimination of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total enteric coliform disinfection via in situ reactive chlorine species generation, and the elimination of measurable protein after 3 to 4 hours of PV-powered treatment. Our advanced prototype incorporates additional features such as a residual sludge handling unit, a hydrogen purification and filter system, a closed water reuse We have packaged our second-generation prototypes into modified shipping containers are ready for field testing in remote locations that lack traditional urban infrastructure.
UbFluor: a mechanism-based probe for HECT E3 ligases (2016)

Homologous to E6AP Carboxyl Terminus E3 ubiquitin ligases (HECT, ~28 known) are genetically implicated in cancer, neurological, hypertensive, and autoimmune disorders, and are potential drug targets to treat these diseases. The major bottleneck in the field of HECT E3s is a lack of simple assays to quantify the enzymatic activity of these enzymes in the presence of small molecules. Typical assays require E1, E2, HECT E3, ubiquitin (Ub), ATP and additional reagents to detect the resulting free poly-ubiquitin chains. To address this need, we developed UbFluor, a fluorescent thioester conjugate between the C-terminus of Ub and fluorescein-thiol (Fluor-SH). UbFluor is a mechanism-based probe that undergoes a direct transthiolation reaction with the catalytic cysteine of the model HECT E3 ligase Rsp5, producing the catalytically active Rsp5~Ub (~ indicates thioester) accompanied by release of Fluor-SH. The kinetics of this two-component reaction can be easily monitored with real-time fluorescence polarization (FP) assays. Importantly, UbFluor eliminates the need to use SDS-PAGE, ATP, E1, E2 enzymes, and extra poly-ubiquitin chain detection reagents. Although the developed system lacks ATP, E1 and E2 enzymes, we show that UbFluor can recapitulate the native ubiquitination reaction by detecting and quantifying defects in transthiolation and isopeptide ligation of Rsp5 HECT E3 alanine mutants. Based on our findings, we show that UbFluor can be utilized to conduct high-throughput screens (HTS) of small molecules against HECT ligases.
Development of a novel reactor for high-rate anaerobic treatment of LCFA containing wastewater (2008)

treatment. More than 2,000 full-scale installations are running worldwide (Van Lier, 2007) and mainly treat wastewaters containing readily degradable organic pollutants such as volatile fatty acids and carbohydrates. Lipids do not belong to this group, since their hydrolysis results in the production of long chain fatty acids (LCFA). Until recently these were considered toxic to anaerobic bacteria and a nuisance because they induce floatation of biomass (Hwu, 1997). Since the success of conventional anaerobic treatment systems is based on optimisation of biomass sedimentation, floatation leads to washout and subsequent process disruption. Therefore, lipids are normally removed from wastewater prior to anaerobic treatment using e.g. dissolved air floatation. Pereira et al. (2002) showed that lipids are not toxic and can be converted to biogas. As to prevent washout induced by LCFA adsorption, a sequential process including at least a feeding and reaction phase was proposed as the preferred technology for anaerobic LCFA removal from wastewater (Pereira et al., 2005). It was further postulated that the specific contact area between bacteria and LCFA should be maximised as to maximise LCFA adsorption and minimise mass transfer limitations. The sequential process was applied at lab
The Overlapped Microstrip for MICs and MMICs (1984)

The overlapped microstrip-like lines and their applications feasible by means of MIC and MMIC technology have been presented. Several 3dB coupler designs and a microstrip representation of the Marchand balun are suggested as good alternatives to the well known devices. The coupler results are used to prove the balun feasibility. The brief discussion on the quasi-TEM analysis results is stressing the significance of asymmetric structures. The experimental results are limited to the MIC technology using alumina substrate.
Dark-field optical coherence microscopy (2010)

Dark-field illumination is known to enhance scattering contrast in optical microscopy. We combined this concept with Fourier domain optical coherence microscopy (OCM). The detection and illumination paths are decoupled, and only the scattered light originating from the sample generates the tomogram signal, whereas any specular reflection is highly suppressed. We analyze and discuss this dark-field OCM concept and present its superior imaging quality on live cell samples.
Programmatic Database Language Generation for Big Data Applications (2021)

Database management systems offer an efficient way of managing huge amount of data such as financial and healthcare data and he data retrieval from databases requires knowledge of Structured Query Language (SQL). In this paper, an Automatic SQL Generation System is proposed to help users who are inexperienced in querying database with SQL. The proposed SQL generation system reads formatted data items in the query report from the user and converts the data items into SQL statements programmatically with the help of a data model that is pulled from a database. The SQL generation system can handle simple queries composed of a query block with a SELECT statement as well as complex queries composed of multiple query blocks containing multiple SELECT statements. The proposed system is integrated with an NLIDB (Natural Language Interface for Database) system to translate data items (or tokens) extracted from queries in natural languages into SQL query language, and the system is also integrated and adapted with various types of databases and use cases that include financial and healthcare use cases. The experiment results show that the proposed system correctly handles user queries in natural language just like any other neural model based system and more importantly, the proposed SQL generation engine generates SQL queries without syntactic problems with various databases for all queries.
Extracting chatbot knowledge from online discussion forums (2007)

This paper presents a novel approach for extracting high-quality &lt;thread-title, reply&gt; pairs as chat knowledge from online discussion forums so as to efficiently support the construction of a chatbot for a certain domain. Given a forum, the high-quality &lt;thread-title, reply&gt; pairs are extracted using a cascaded framework. First, the replies logically relevant to the thread title of the root message are extracted with an SVM classifier from all the replies, based on correlations such as structure and content. Then, the extracted &lt;thread-title, reply&gt; pairs are ranked with a ranking SVM based on their content qualities. Finally, the Top-N &lt;thread-title, reply&gt; pairs are selected as chatbot knowledge. Results from experiments conducted within a movie
Single mode fibres with asymmetrical refractive index pits on both sides of core (1981)

Polarisation characteristics of single mode fibres with asymmetrical refractive index pits on both sides of the core have been investigated. The modal birefringence of the single mode fibre measured at λ=1.15 μm was 5×10−5. It was confirmed that the state of polarisation was stable and was scarcely affected by the ambient conditions such as concentrated force, twists of the fibre, and temperature variations.
Entire CD3ε, δ, and γ humanized mouse to evaluate human CD3–mediated therapeutics (2017)

T cell-mediated immunotherapy is an attractive strategy for treatment in various disease areas. In this therapeutic approach, the CD3 complex is one of the key molecules to modulate T cell functions; however, in many cases, we cannot evaluate the drug candidates in animal experiments because the therapeutics, usually monoclonal antibodies specific to human CD3, cannot react to mouse endogenous Cd3. Although immunodeficient mice transfused with human hematopoietic stem or precursor cells, known as humanized mice, are available for these studies, mice humanized in this manner are not completely immune competent. In this study we have succeeded in establishing a novel mouse strain in which all the three components of the Cd3 complex - Cd3ε, Cd3δ, and Cd3γ - are replaced by their human counterparts, CD3E, CD3D, and CD3G. Basic immunological assessments have confirmed that this strain of human CD3 EDG-replaced mice are entirely immune competent, and we have also demonstrated that a bispecific antibody that simultaneously binds to human CD3 and a tumor-associated antigen (e.g. ERBB2 or GPC3) can be evaluated in human CD3 EDG-replaced mice engrafted with tumors. Our mouse model provides a novel means to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of human CD3-mediated therapy.
Functional brain-specific microvessels from iPSC-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells: the role of matrix composition on monolayer formation (2018)

Having identified matrix compositions that promote monolayer formation and barrier function, we successfully fabricated dhBMEC microvessels in cross-linked collagen I gels coated with fibronectin and collagen IV, and treated with ROCK inhibitor and cAMP. We measured apparent permeability values for Lucifer yellow, comparable to values obtained in the transwell assay. During these experiments we observed no focal leaks, suggesting the formation of tight junctions that effectively block paracellular transport.
An adaptive output feedback control methodology for non-minimum phase systems (2003)

A method of output feedback design of an adaptive controller is presented that can be used to augment a fixed-gain linear controller. The key feature is that it is applicable to non-minimum phase nonlinear systems, having both parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. Ultimate boundedness of error signals can be shown using Lyapunov's direct method. An example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Accurate measurement of point to point distances in 3D camera images (2017)

3D cameras that can capture range information, in addition to color information, are increasingly prevalent in the consumer marketplace and available in many consumer mobile imaging platforms. An interesting and important application enabled by 3D cameras is photogrammetry, where the physical distance between points can be computed using captured imagery. However, for consumer photogrammetry to succeed in the marketplace, it needs to meet the accuracy and consistency expectations of users in the real world and perform well under challenging lighting conditions, varying distances of the object from the camera etc. These requirements are exceedingly difficult to meet due to the noisy nature of range data, especially when passive stereo or multi-camera systems are used for range estimation. We present a novel and robust algorithm for point-to-point 3D measurement using range camera systems in this paper. Our algorithm utilizes the intuition that users often specify end points of an object of interest for measurement and that the line connecting the two points also belong to the same object. We analyze the 3D structure of the points along this line using robust PCA and improve measurement accuracy by fitting the endpoints to this model prior to measurement computation. We also handle situations where users attempt to measure a gap such as the arms of a sofa, width of a doorway etc. which violates our assumption. Finally, we test the performance of our proposed algorithm on a dataset of over 1800 measurements collected by humans on the Dell Venue 8 tablet with Intel RealSense Snapshot technology. Our results show significant improvements in both accuracy and consistency of measurement, which is critical in making consumer photogrammetry a reality in the marketplace.
Combining dynamic fault trees and event trees for probabilistic risk assessment (2004)

As system analysis methodologies, both event tree analysis (ETA) and fault tree analysis (FTA) are used in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), especially in identifying system interrelationships due to shared events. Although there are differences between them, ETA and FTA, are so closely linked that fault trees (FT) are often used to quantify system events that are part of event tree (ET) sequences (J.D. Andrew et al., 2000). The logical processes employed to evaluate ET sequences and quantify the consequences are the same as those used in FTA. Although much work has been done to combine FT and ET, traditional methods only concentrate on combining static fault trees (SFT) and ET. Our main concern is considering how to combine dynamic fault trees (DFT) and ET. We proposed a reasonable approach in this paper, which is illustrated through a hypothetical example. Because of the complexity of dynamic systems, including the huge size and complicated dependencies, there may exist contradictions among different dynamic subsystems. The key benefit of our approach is that we avoid the generation of such contradictions in our model. Another benefit is that efficiency may be improved through modularization.
Non-frequency-shifted, high-fidelity phase conjugation with aberrated pump waves by Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing (1987)

The results of an experimental investigation of a new geometry for producing phase conjugation by Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing are presented. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulfide, and the backward-going pump wave is created from the transmitted forward-going pump wave by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in glycerol. The two pump waves are hence phase conjugates of each other, and the quality of the phase-conjugation process is not degraded even by the use of an aberrated pump wave. The probe wave is created by SBS in carbon disulfide, which has a Brillouin frequency half that of glycerol, and the conjugate wave is therefore generated at the same frequency as the probe. Since the pump and signal waves differ in frequency by the Brillouin frequency of the carbon disulfide four-wave mixing medium, high reflectivities (approximately 2000%) are obtained as a result of Brillouin resonance enhancement.
Expression of the superantigen Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen in Escherichia coli and characterization of the recombinant protein (1997)

Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen (MAM), is a soluble protein with classical superantigenic properties and is produced by an organism that causes an acute and chronic proliferative arthritis. Unfortunately, the process of obtaining purified MAM from M. arthritidis culture supernatants is extremely time-consuming and costly, and very little material is recovered. Thus, our laboratory has expressed MAM in Escherichia coli by using a protein fusion expression system. The construction and expression of recombinant MAM (rMAM), as well as a comparison of the biological properties of rMAM to those of native MAM, are discussed. Briefly, conversion of the three UGA codons to UGG codons was required to obtain full-length expression and mitogenic activity of rMAM. Antisera to native MAM recognized both rMAM and the fusion protein. The T-cell receptor Vbeta and major histocompatibility complex class II receptor usages by rMAM and the fusion protein were identical to that of native MAM. In addition, the ability to induce suppression and form the superantigen bridge could also be demonstrated with rMAM. Importantly, dose-response experiments indicated that homogeneous native MAM and rMAM were of equal potency. Thus, MAM has been successfully expressed in E. coli, thereby creating a viable alternative to native MAM.
Electrically small antenna elements using negative permittivity resonators (2005)

We consider the use of materials with negative electric permittivity as a building block for constructing effective small antenna elements. In this paper, we show that negative permittivity alone is sufficient for constructing an effective small antenna element. Further, we clarify, here the issue of the radiation Q: a quasi-static analysis is used to show that a sub-wavelength spherical negative permittivity resonator will have a Q that is a factor of 3/2 above the Chu limit. We demonstrate through finite element simulation a practical antenna geometry composed of a coaxial transmission line coupled to a half-sphere of negative permittivity adjacent to a ground plane. The resonator is impedance-matched to the transmission line, resulting in an antenna Q matching that predicted by the quasi-static analysis.
Simultaneous broadcasting of analog FM and digital audio signals by means of precanceling techniques (2002)

A reliable method for broadcasting digital audio simultaneously with existing analog FM radio is presented. According to this linear combining scheme, the digital data sequence is adaptively modulated so as to achieve high data rates while ensuring that the interference incurred on the analog FM signal remains at acceptably low levels. The digital transmission is based on adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. Implementable, near optimum algorithms for insertion of the maximum number of carriers at all times are presented, which incur negligible distortion on the analog FM signal. The digital receiver response of the analog FM signal (known to the transmitter) is computed and canceled from the aggregate signal prior to signal transmission. As a result of this precanceling process the digital transmission is free from analog FM interference. We present simulation results on acoustic signals where the average digital data use up to 50% of the 200 kHz power spectrum with digital signal power levels 25-35 dB below the analog signal. A control channel is used for the positions of the modem carriers.
<title>Criteria for satellite image restoration success</title> (2000)

Many properties of the atmosphere affect the quality of images propagating through it by blurring and reducing their contrast. The atmospheric path involves several limitations such as scattering and absorption of the light and turbulence, which degrade the image. The recently developed atmospheric Wiener filter, which corrects for turbulence blur, aerosol blur, and path radiance simultaneously, is implemented here in digital restoration of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery over seven wavelength bands of the satellite instrumentation. Turbulence MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) is calculated from meteorological data or estimated in no meteorological data were measured. Aerosol MTF is consistent with optical depth. The product of the two yields atmospheric MTF, which is implemented in the atmospheric Wiener filter. Restoration improves both smallness of size of resolvable detail and contrast. Restorations are quite apparent even under clear weather conditions. Different restoration results are obtained by trying to restore the degraded image. A way to determine which is the best restoration result and how good is the restored image is presented here, by examining mathematical criteria such as MSE (Mean Square Error), ROH (Richness of Histogram), and SOH (Similarity of Histogram), to obtain an improved image and consequently better visual restoration results.