gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue (1998)

The development and pharmacology of a new potent growth hormone (GH) secretagogue, ipamorelin, is described. Ipamorelin is a pentapeptide (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2), which displays high GH releasing potency and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. As an outcome of a major chemistry programme, ipamorelin was identified within a series of compounds lacking the central dipeptide Ala-Trp of growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP)-1. In vitro, ipamorelin released GH from primary rat pituitary cells with a potency and efficacy similar to GHRP-6 (ECs) = 1.3+/-0.4nmol/l and Emax = 85+/-5% vs 2.2+/-0.3nmol/l and 100%). A pharmacological profiling using GHRP and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists clearly demonstrated that ipamorelin, like GHRP-6, stimulates GH release via a GHRP-like receptor. In pentobarbital anaesthetised rats, ipamorelin released GH with a potency and efficacy comparable to GHRP-6 (ED50 = 80+/-42nmol/kg and Emax = 1545+/-250ng GH/ml vs 115+/-36nmol/kg and 1167+/-120ng GH/ml). In conscious swine, ipamorelin released GH with an ED50 = 2.3+/-0.03 nmol/kg and an Emax = 65+/-0.2 ng GH/ml plasma. Again, this was very similar to GHRP-6 (ED50 = 3.9+/-1.4 nmol/kg and Emax = 74+/-7ng GH/ml plasma). GHRP-2 displayed higher potency but lower efficacy (ED50 = 0.6 nmol/kg and Emax = 56+/-6 ng GH/ml plasma). The specificity for GH release was studied in swine. None of the GH secretagogues tested affected FSH, LH, PRL or TSH plasma levels. Administration of both GHRP-6 and GHRP-2 resulted in increased plasma levels of ACTH and cortisol. Very surprisingly, ipamorelin did not release ACTH or cortisol in levels significantly different from those observed following GHRH stimulation. This lack of effect on ACTH and cortisol plasma levels was evident even at doses more than 200-fold higher than the ED50 for GH release. In conclusion, ipamorelin is the first GHRP-receptor agonist with a selectivity for GH release similar to that displayed by GHRH. The specificity of ipamorelin makes this compound a very interesting candidate for future clinical development.
Influence of Control Structures and Load Parameters on Performance of a Pseudo Direct Drive (2014)

The paper describes an in-depth and systematic analysis of a pseudo direct drive permanent magnet machine in closed loop control. Due to the torque being transmitted from the high-speed rotor (HSR) to the low-speed rotor (LSR), through a relatively low stiffness magnetic gear with non-linear characteristics, speed oscillations appear in the drive output with a conventional proportional integral (PI) controller. Therefore two candidate controllers have been proposed as an alternative to the PI control and all controllers have been optimally tuned with a genetic algorithm against a defined criterion. Furthermore, closed loop models are established in the complex frequency domain to determine the system damping and the cause of the oscillations. Consequently, the best controller structure that improves the dynamic behaviour of the system in terms of speed tracking and disturbance rejection could be identified, based on the frequency domain analysis. Experimental results are presented to validate the analysis and the proposed control technique.
Ultrastructure, Distribution, and Density of Lamellar Bodies in Human Peritoneum (1996)

Three-dimensional analysis of lamellae on mesothelial surfaces indicates that an arrangement of constantly changing microscopic spheres and cylinders would act as "ball and roller bearings" among the microvilli for the lubrication of opposing surfaces. The entrapment of fluid in lamellar bubbles, which in normal peritoneum fill the microvillous layer, would, if maintained in peritoneal dialysis, constitute a stagnant layer of considerable stability and inertia.
Short-term effects of vibration therapy on motor impairments in Parkinson's disease (2009)

Recent studies have suggested that vibration therapy may have a positive influence on motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, quantitative evidence of these benefits is scarce, and the concept of "whole-body" vibration in these studies is vague. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the influence of vibration on motor symptoms and functional measures in PD by delivering sound waves to the entire body. We delivered whole body sound wave vibration to 40 individuals with PD using a Physioacoustic Chair, a piece of equipment with speakers spaced throughout the chair permitting a series of programmed low frequency sound waves through the body. Using a parallel cross-over design we utilized the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), quantitative gait assessments, and a grooved pegboard for upper limb control. Improvements were seen in all symptom, motor control and functional outcome measures at the time of assessment. Specifically, a significant decrease in rigidity, and tremor were shown, as well as a significant increase in step length and improved speed on the grooved pegboard task. Results of this initial investigation provide support for vibration therapy as a non-pharmacological treatment alternative. Long-term benefits of vibration therapy will require further research.
Evaluation of CO2 Gas Injection For Major Oil Production Fields in Malaysia - Experimental Approach Case Study: Dulang Field (2001)

Abstract In meeting the challenge to improve oil recovery through implementation of IOR techniques, Dulang field was selected to study the possibility of CO2 injection as a potential recovery method. Dulang was chosen as the candidate because of the complete suite of information on this field and the availability of CO2 source within Dulang and nearby fields. The work focused on characterizing the oil and oil - CO2 interactions that was performed through phase behavior studies, vaporization test and displacement tests. Studies conducted indicates that at the reservoir temperature of 215°F, CO2 injection would not be able to achieve miscibility with the crude oil at the current reservoir pressure, or even if the pressure is increased to the initial reservoir pressure. Equation-of-State (EOS) model also shows that the Multiple Contact Miscibility Pressure (MCMP) for CO2 and produced hydrocarbon gas is 3230 psig and 3340 psig respectively. This pressure is significantly higher than the initial reservoir pressure of 1800 psig. Vaporization of Dulang crude by pure CO2 and the CO2-rich produced gas was studied. The laboratory study suggests significant vaporization of 15% of the stock tank oil with pure CO2. However, based on Equation of State, the vaporization ranges from 2 - 5 % with produced gas at operating reservoir pressure of 1400 - 1800 psig. In view of the above, the potential recovery process is an immiscible process using produced gas containing high CO2 for cost optimization. In addition, the water alternating gas (WAG) process may improve mobility control and sweep efficiency. Detail studies involving WAG Composite Core, G & G Modeling and Numerical Simulation are currently on-going for identified location of a pilot project.
The life and works of S100P - from conception to cancer. (2016)

Since its discovery in 1992, the small, 10.4 kDa calcium-binding protein S100P has gained the attention of researchers from different scientific fields due to its potential roles in both healthy and neoplastic tissues. Although not ubiquitously expressed, in tissues where it is present, S100P is associated with distinct changes in cellular behaviour. In this review we have summarized the evolutionary history of S100P, its expression and involvement in implantation and human embryonic development, as well as important functions in normal tissue and cancer. Finally, we have demonstrated its pivotal role as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target, which opens promising avenues for further fruitful research on S100P.
An open future for ecological and evolutionary data? (2014)

As part of BioMed Central's open science mission, we are pleased to announce that two of our journals have integrated with the open data repository Dryad. Authors submitting their research to either BMC Ecology or BMC Evolutionary Biology will now have the opportunity to deposit their data directly into the Dryad archive and will receive a permanent, citable link to their dataset. Although this does not affect any of our current data deposition policies at these journals, we hope to encourage a more widespread adoption of open data sharing in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology by facilitating this process for our authors. We also take this opportunity to discuss some of the wider issues that may concern researchers when making their data openly available. Although we offer a number of positive examples from different fields of biology, we also recognise that reticence to data sharing still exists, and that change must be driven from within research communities in order to create future science that is fit for purpose in the digital age. This editorial was published jointly in both BMC Ecology and BMC Evolutionary Biology.
A Review of Morton Effect: From Theory to Industrial Practice (2017)

The Morton effect (ME) is known to cause spiral vibrations of rotors supported by fluid lubricant bearings when there is significant differential heating at rotor journals. The root cause of ME is accumulative asymmetric heating brought on by the viscous shearing effect of the bearing lubricant, mainly during synchronous vibrations. The thermal nature of the cause together with the symptoms of spiral vibrations make ME a thermal-induced instability. This article provides an in-depth review of the ME. It starts with a general introduction and assessment of the significance of ME, noting its widespread nature. Subsequently, key findings are introduced about general ME mechanisms, including the important relationship between journal orbits and the hot spot. The circumstances and typical symptoms of ME-induced instability are summarized and followed by a discussion of the critical issues to be tackled in both the theoretical analysis and the experimental techniques regarding ME phenomenon. Lastly, this article includes a discussion about the inconsistencies found in the literature regarding topics such as the excitation models for the thermal bow.
Inventing Requirements from Software: An Empirical Investigation with Web Services (2008)

Service-centric software systems offer new opportunities for requirements processes. This paper reports a new tool designed to increase the completeness of system requirements using information about designs and implementations of web services. It presents an algorithm for retrieving web services in domains that are analogical to a current requirements problem, to support creative thinking about requirements for that problem. It describes how the algorithm parses and analogically matches natural language descriptions of system requirements and web service descriptions. The paper also reports 2 evaluations of the tool that demonstrate improvements to specifications of requirements for a system in the automotive domain.
Control strategies for DFIG wind turbines under grid fault conditions (2009)

The classical control techniques for regulating the active and reactive power delivery in doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), for wind power applications, are normally based on voltage oriented control (VOC) strategies. Among these algorithms, those that work in a synchronous reference frame, attached to the magnetic flux vector, became very popular. In spite of the good behaviour of such algorithms their performance depends highly on an accurate detection of the stator flux position, something that can be critical under unbalanced or distorted grid voltage conditions. This paper presents a new VOC strategy able to control the operation of a DFIG in the ¿ß reference frame, with no need of flux position estimation, something that conducts to a more simple and robust algorithm. In order to evaluate the advantages of this new control proposal, namely VOC-RRF, their performance will be compared with the response obtained with a classical VOC algorithm by means of PSCAD/EMTDC <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> simulation models.
A self report measure of affective lability (1997)

The CNS-LS is a short, easily administered, and psychometrically sound measure of affective lability for use with patients with ALS. It has potential applications as both a clinical screening device and a research tool. The need for future research into the relation of depression as well as labile frustration, anger, and impatience to the syndrome of affective lability in neurological disorders is discussed.
Regioselectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed C−H Activation/Oxygenation Reactions (2005)

Palladium-catalyzed directed C−H activation/oxygenation reactions have been explored in a series of meta-substituted aryl pyridine and aryl amide derivatives. These transformations tolerate a diverse array of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing meta-substituents and generally proceed with high levels of regioselectivity for functionalization of the less sterically hindered ortho-C−H bond.
Presence of Non-Fab IgE Binding Molecules in the Intestinal Nematode Parasite of Mice <i>Heligmosomoides</i><i>polygyrus</i> (1992)

Unsuccessful attempts to identify serum parasite-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses in mice following infections with the intestinal nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus prompted us to explore the possibility that IgE bound within the parasite antigen could account for the false-positive results observed. A live-worm ELISA was developed. Following incubation, irrelevant IgE monoclonal antibody to DNP, IgE present in normal mouse serum, as well as IgE in immune serum were independently identified within live adult worms in this H. polygyrus-modified ELISA. It was concluded that in addition to parasite-specific IgE binding to H. polygyrus, the parasite may attract both parasite-specific and non-parasite-specific IgE via non-Fab IgE-binding molecules.
Applications of SAT Solvers to AES Key Recovery from Decayed Key Schedule Images (2010)

Cold boot attack is a side channel attack which exploits the data remanence property of random access memory (RAM) to retrieve its contents which remain readable shortly after its power has been removed. Given the nature of the cold boot attack, only a corrupted image of the memory contents will be available to the attacker. In this paper, we investigate the use of an off-the-shelf SAT solver, CryptoMinSat, to improve the key recovery of the AES-128 key schedules from its corresponding decayed memory images. By exploiting the asymmetric decay of the memory images and the redundancy of key material inherent in the AES key schedule, rectifying the faults in the corrupted memory images of the AES-128 key schedule is formulated as a Boolean satisfiability problem which can be solved efficiently for relatively very large decay factors. Our experimental results show that this approach improves upon the previously known results.
New perfluoroelastomer for sealing at low temperatures (2010)

A new fluorinated monomer technology is now extending the low-temperature capability of perfluoroelastomers down to −30°C, but retaining the fluid resistance typical of a standard perfluoroelastomer. This feature article describes the technology and a new low-temperature polymer that is capable of extending the use of elastomer sealing to a number of industries which handle aggressive media at low temperatures.
Hypocretin (orexin) loss in Parkinson's disease (2007)

The hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin) system plays a central role in the regulation of various functions, including sleep/wake regulation and metabolism. There is a growing interest in hypocretin function in Parkinson's disease (PD), given the high prevalence of non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances in this disorder. However, studies measuring CSF hypocretin levels have yielded contradictory results. In PD patients and matched controls, we (i) estimated the number of hypocretin neurons in post-mortem hypothalami using immunocytochemistry and an image analysis system (ii) quantified hypocretin levels in post-mortem ventricular CSF and (iii) prefrontal cortex using a radioimmunoassay. Furthermore, presence of Lewy bodies was verified in the hypothalamic hypocretin cell area. Data are presented as median (25th-75th percentile). We showed a significant decrease between PD patients and controls in (i) the number of hypocretin neurons (PD: 20 276 (13 821-31 229); controls: 36 842 (32 546-50 938); P = 0.016); (ii) the hypocretin-1 concentration in post-mortem ventricular CSF (PD: 365.5 pg/ml (328.0-448.3); controls: 483.5 (433.5-512.3); P = 0.012) and (iii) the hypocretin-1 concentrations in prefrontal cortex (PD: 389.6 pg/g (249.2-652.2); controls: 676.6 (467.5-883.9); P = 0.043). Hypocretin neurotransmission is affected in PD. The hypocretin-1 concentration in the prefrontal cortex was almost 40% lower in PD patients, while ventricular CSF levels were almost 25% reduced. The total number of hypocretin neurons was almost half compared to controls.
Viewpoint Selection using Viewpoint Entropy (2001)

Computation of good viewpoints is important in several fields: computational geometry, visual servoing, robot motion, graph drawing, etc. In addition, selection of good views is rapidly becoming a key issue in computer graphics due to the new techniques of Image Based Rendering. Although there is no consensus about what a good view means in Computer Graphics, the quality of a viewpoint is intuitively related to how much information it gives us about a scene. In this paper we use the theoretical basis provided by Information Theory to define a new measure, viewpoint entropy, that allows us to compute good viewing positions automatically. We also show how it can be used to select a set of N good views of a scene for scene understanding. Finally, we design an algorithm that uses this measure to explore automatically objects or scenes. 1
tmVar 2.0: integrating genomic variant information from literature with dbSNP and ClinVar for precision medicine (2017)

zhiyong.lu@nih.gov.
2,6-Disubstituted Benzoates As Neighboring Groups for Enhanced Diastereoselectivity in β-Galactosylation Reactions: Synthesis of β-1,3-Linked Oligogalactosides Related to Arabinogalactan Proteins (2009)

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are plant glycoproteins which contain a beta-1,3-linked galactan core. The synthesis of the beta-galactopyranose-1,3-beta-galactopyranose linkage using various 2-O-acyl-protected glycosyl donors has been plagued with poor stereoselectivity and side reactions including orthoester formation and transesterification of the 2-O-acyl group from the donor to the acceptor. We have investigated the use of 2,6-disubstituted benzoyl groups as bulky neighboring groups on the glycosyl donor. A 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl group was found to be optimal and enabled the formation of the beta-galactopyranose-1,3-beta-galactopyranose linkage to disarmed ester-protected acceptors, suppressing transesterification and reducing orthoester formation while enhancing the beta-selectivity of galactosylation reactions. A series of beta-1,3-linked oligogalactosides were prepared and elaborated to neoglycoconjugates for the study of AGP biosynthesis and AGP binding proteins.
Synthesis and Dissolution Characteristics of Novel Alicyclic Polymers with Monoacid Ester Structures. (1997)

We have developed novel alicyclic polymers having monoacid ester structures by alcoholysis of non-conjugated cyclic diene and malefic anhydride copolymers. This polymer, named ALPHA, exhibited good solubility (10-50nm/sec) in 0.113% aqueous tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide solution without swelling. Absorbance was around 0.6 μm-1 at 193nm. Dry-etching resistance for Cl2/BCl3 gas was the same as that of polyhydroxystyrene. A two-component resist system, consisting of 1-ethoxyethyl-protected ALPHA polymer and onium salt, produced 0.20-μm line-and-space patterns using a KrF excimer laser stepper with a phase-shifting mask. Consequently, we believe ALPHA is suitable as a base polymer for ArF excimer laser resists.
Draft Final Report (2018)

This report contains reviews of various city ordinances, which include plans to improve design regulations along the overlay zone. Also includes a mention of the Waller Creek Citizens' Advisory Committee.
Quantification of the Ambident Electrophilicities of Halogen-Substituted Quinones (2014)

Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of p-quinone, 2,5-dichloro-p-quinone, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-p-quinone (chloranil), 2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-p-quinone (fluoranil), and 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-o-quinone with π-nucleophiles (siloxyalkenes, enamines) and amines have been investigated. Products arising from nucleophilic attack at all conceivable sites, that is, at C and O of the carbonyl groups (pathways a, b) as well as at halogenated and nonhalogenated conjugate positions (pathways c, d), were observed. The partial rate constants for the C-attack pathways (a, c, d), which are derived from the photometrically determined second-order rate constants and the product ratios followed the linear free energy relationship log k (20 °C) = sN(E + N) ( Mayr , H.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001 , 123 , 9500 - 9512 ). It was, therefore, possible to calculate the electrophilicity parameters E of the different positions of the quinones from log k (20 °C) and the N and sN parameters of the nucleophilic reaction partners, which have previously been derived from their reactions with benzhydrylium ions. Almost all rate constants for the C-attack pathways (a, c, d) were considerably larger than those calculated for the corresponding SET processes, indicating the operation of polar mechanisms. SET mechanisms may only account for the formation of the products formed via O-attack. With the E parameters determined in this work, it is now possible to predict rate constants for the reactions of these quinones with a large variety of nucleophiles and, thus, envisage unprecedented reactions of quinones.
Prevalence of <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Isolates with Resistance to Metronidazole and Tinidazole (2006)

Clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis were obtained from women consecutively enrolled in a study of partner notification. Testing of susceptibility to metronidazole and tinidazole was performed. Resistance to metronidazole and tinidazole was present in 17/178 (9.6%) and 1/178 (0.56%) strains, respectively. In vitro resistance was poorly correlated with clinical response to treatment.
Rapid generation of preview images for real-time 3D MR angiography (2001)

In 3D real-time MR angiography the reconstruction of images from large raw datasets via Fourier transforms with minimal delays is problematic. In this study strategies for reconstructing time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) datasets at a rate substantially faster than conventional 3D MR image reconstruction were investigated on general-purpose computer hardware. Moderate quality 'preview images' were generated from k-space subsets to reduce image reconstruction times from more than 50 s to 0.3 s per image volume. A blinded review of 3D TRICKS patient examinations showed that these moderate-quality images were sufficient for providing immediate feedback and guiding the subsequent reconstruction of selected time frames (p < 0.05). Fourier projection (reconstruction from a central k-space slice) was the most efficient reconstruction technique. However, the reduction of the reconstructed volume in all three dimensions resulted in higher contrast and better image quality while allowing reconstruction in near-to-real-time (less than 1 s per image volume). The use of such preview images in a real-time system allows for fast feedback from dynamic 3D datasets, enables scanner interaction with minimal latencies and can substantially reduce the postprocessing times.