gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergy between tumor necrosis factor and bacterial products causes hemorrhagic necrosis and lethal shock in normal mice. (1988)

We find a strong synergism between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and bacteria or their products. Endotoxin-"free" recombinant TNF, even at very high doses (160 micrograms), did not alone cause hemorrhagic necrosis (HN) in the skin of normal mice. Similarly, TNF alone had a low systemic toxicity in tumor- and pathogen-free mice. However, TNF given intravenously with nanogram quantities of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide caused lethal shock. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide made skin susceptible to subsequent induction of HN by TNF injected in the same site 24 hr later. Mycoplasma-infected cells or corynebacteria also synergized with TNF to cause HN or lethal shock. In addition, we find that lymphotoxin, a cytokine functionally and genetically related to TNF, also synergized with the bacteria to cause HN, whereas interleukin 1 alpha or interferon gamma did not. Together, the results indicate that a synergy between TNF and bacteria or their products causes HN and lethal shock in normal mice.
Chemical carcinogenesis: an overview. (1985)

A brief review is presented of some types of chemical carcinogens and their metabolic activation to DNA-binding intermediates, and of the influence of modifiers of carcinogenesis on the probability of tumor development. The relationship between human exposure to one group of carcinogens--the tobacco specific nitrosamines--and the development of tobacco-related cancers is discussed.
Improved narrowband low-pass IIR filters in fixed-point systems [DSP Tips & Tricks] (2009)

Due to their resistance to quantized-coefficient errors, traditional second-order infinite impulse response (IIR) filters are the fundamental building blocks in computationally efficient high-order IIR digital filter implementations. However, when used in fixed-point number systems, the inherent properties of quantized-coefficient second-order IIR filters do not readily permit their use in narrowband low-pass filtering applications. Narrowband low- pass IIR filters have traditionally had a bad reputation; for example, MATLAB's Signal Processing Toolbox documentation warns: "All classical IIR low-pass filters are ill conditioned for extremely low cutoff frequencies." This article presents a neat trick that can be used to overcome the shortcomings of narrowband second-order low- pass IIR filters, with no increase in filter coefficient bit widths and no increase in the number of filter multiplies per output sample.
Functionalized Ultrasound-Propelled Magnetically Guided Nanomotors: Toward Practical Biomedical Applications (2013)

Magnetically guided ultrasound-powered nanowire motors, functionalized with bioreceptors and a drug-loaded polymeric segment, are described for "capture and transport" and drug-delivery processes. These high-performance fuel-free motors display advanced capabilities and functionalities, including magnetic guidance, coordinated aligned movement, cargo towing, capture and isolation of biological targets, drug delivery, and operation in real-life biological and environmental media. The template-prepared three-segment Au-Ni-Au nanowire motors are propelled acoustically by mechanical waves produced by a piezoelectric transducer. An embedded nickel segment facilitates a magnetically guided motion as well as transport of large "cargo" along predetermined trajectories. Substantial improvement in the speed and power is realized by the controlled concavity formation at the end of the motor nanowire using a sphere lithography protocol. Functionalization of the Au segments with lectin and antiprotein A antibody bioreceptors allows capture and transport of E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, respectively. Potential therapeutic applications are illustrated in connection to the addition of a pH-sensitive drug-loaded polymeric (PPy-PSS) segment. The attractive capabilities of these fuel-free acoustically driven functionalized Au-Ni-Au nanowires, along with the simple preparation procedure and minimal adverse effects of ultrasonic waves, make them highly attractive for diverse in vivo biomedical applications.
Deslizándonos por la nieve en la Escuela Rural. La actividad física del tiempo libre entra en el aula (2006)

La realidad de la Escuela Rural es muy diferente de la Urbana. Esto permite generar unas practicas de Educacion Fisica que varian segun el contexto en que se apliquen. En este caso concreto, hicimos unas excursiones a la montana para deslizarnos por la nieve de diferentes maneras. Esta experiencia tambien es una historia de coaprendizaje. Yo, maestro, aprendo de (y con) mi alumnado sobre sus practicas de tiempo libre.
Understanding and exploiting plant beneficial microbes (2017)

After a century of incremental research, technological advances, coupled with a need for sustainable crop yield increases, have reinvigorated the study of beneficial plant-microbe interactions with attention focused on how microbiomes alter plant phenotypes. We review recent advances in plant microbiome research, and describe potential applications for increasing crop productivity. The phylogenetic diversity of plant microbiomes is increasingly well characterized, and their functional diversity is becoming more accessible. Large culture collections are available for controlled experimentation, with more to come. Genetic resources are being brought to bear on questions of microbiome function. We expect that microbial amendments of varying complexities will expose rules governing beneficial plant-microbe interactions contributing to plant growth promotion and disease resistance, enabling more sustainable agriculture.
Empiric Treatment of Acute Diarrheal Disease with Norfloxacin (1992)

Empiric treatment reduced the intensity and, to some extent, the duration of symptoms of acute diarrhea. The effect was restricted to patients who had bacterial enteropathogens or who were severely ill. The clinical usefulness of this treatment is limited by the fact that norfloxacin seems to delay the elimination of salmonella and to induce resistance in campylobacter.
Relationship between the aortic valves and an anatomical landmark using chest CT scan (2011)

Purpose: In order to determine if the height of a subject could be a reliable surrogate variable to determine the pulse wave travelling distance within the aorta, we investigated the anatomical distance between the aortic valve nidus and the hyoid bone. Methods: Using 28 patient’s chest CT-scans. From Multiplan reconstructed oblique cuts we measured 1) the length of the aortic arch from the aortic valve (AV) to the intercept of a horizontal line passing through the aortic valves and crossing the descending aorta at mark HD (see figure), and 2) the distance between the HD mark to the Hyoid Bone (HB). Results: There was a correlation between the AV-HD distance and the HD-HB distance (non-parametric r = 0.66, p < 0.0001) and the AV-HD distance were positively correlated to the height of the subjects (r = 0.60, p < 0.002). Conclusions: 1- The AV-HD distance projects to a constant anatomical landmark (i.e. the hyoid bone) 2- The size of this arterial segment is significantly correlated to the height of the subjects. These preliminary results could be useful for a more accurate determination of the pulse wave velocity.
Carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry: structure and mechanism (2008)

Historically, carbohydrates were defined as substances with the empirical formula C n (H 2 O) m .The common sugars such as glucose and fructose (n ¼ m ¼ 6), or sucrose (n ¼ 12, m ¼ 11) fit this formula, but nowadays the convention is to regard as a carbohydrate a polyhydroxyaldehyde or polyhydroxy ketone with the classical formula, a molecule closely related to it, or oligomers or polymers of such molecules.Their study evolved as a separate sub-discipline within organic chemistry for practical reasons -they are watersoluble and difficult to crystallise -so that their manipulation demanded different sets of skills from classical ''natural products'' such as terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, etc.The term ''monosaccharide'' refers to a carbohydrate derivative possessing a single carbon chain; ''disaccharide'' and ''trisaccharide'' refer to molecules containing two or three such monosaccharide units joined together by acetal or ketal linkages.''Oligosaccharide'' and ''polysaccharide'' refer to larger such aggregates, with ''a few'' and ''many'' monosaccharide units, respectively.Current usage seems to draw the distinction between ''few'' and ''many'' at around 10 sugar units.The everyday term ''sugar'' is used to describe mono-, di-, and the lower oligosaccharides, particularly when unprotected.All common sugars have an unbranched carbon chain, and are referred to as trioses (3 carbons) (Figure 1.1), tetroses (4), pentoses (5), hexoses (6), heptoses (7), octoses (8) and nonoses (9).Depending on whether the carbonyl group is an aldehyde or a ketone, the monosaccharides are referred to as aldoses or ketoses, although IUPAC nomenclature prefers ''-uloses'', as in ''hexuloses'', for ketoses.It is amazing to realise that the stereochemistry of glucose and related aldohexoses was deduced by Emil Fischer in the 1891, 1 less than 20 years after van't Hoff and Le Bel's postulation that the valencies of carbon were directed towards the apices of a tetrahedron.Fischer had only two physical parameters with which to characterise compounds (optical 1
Rapid Detection Strategies for the Global Threat of Zika Virus: Current State, New Hypotheses, and Limitations (2016)

The current scenario regarding the widespread Zika virus (ZIKV) has resulted in numerous diagnostic studies, specifically in South America and in locations where there is frequent entry of travelers returning from ZIKV-affected areas, including pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of ZIKV infection. The World Health Organization, WHO, announced that millions of cases of ZIKV are likely to occur in the USA in the near future. This situation has created an alarming public health emergency of international concern requiring the detection of this life-threatening viral candidate due to increased cases of newborn microcephaly associated with ZIKV infection. Hence, this review reports possible methods and strategies for the fast and reliable detection of ZIKV with particular emphasis on current updates, knowledge, and new hypotheses that might be helpful for medical professionals in poor and developing countries that urgently need to address this problem. In particular, we emphasize liposome-based biosensors. Although these biosensors are currently among the less popular tools for human disease detection, they have become useful tools for the screening and detection of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses because of their versatile advantageous features compared to other sensing devices. This review summarizes the currently available methods employed for the rapid detection of ZIKV and suggests an innovative approach involving the application of a liposome-based hypothesis for the development of new strategies for ZIKV detection and their use as effective biomedicinal tools.
Measurement of Local Chest Wall Displacement by a Custom Self-Mixing Laser Interferometer (2011)

Several studies demonstrated that the human chest wall is made of at least two but perhaps more independent mechanical components, and that their relative contribution to the total chest wall mechanics is significantly affected by several respiratory disorders, supporting the possible clinical usefulness of this information. Unfortunately, the determination of local chest wall mechanics requires the accurate assessment of local chest wall displacement, which, up to now, can only be obtained by complex, expensive, and bulky equipment. In this paper, we present a new approach based on a custom-made low-cost self-mixing laser interferometer able to directly measure vibrations on human skin with very high accuracy and temporal resolution. A novel signal processing algorithm has also been developed to estimate the motion of the subject's skin also in the presence of signal fading. The system has been validated both in vitro and in vivo on seven healthy volunteers. The results showed good accuracy and very low signal noise compared with available techniques. We conclude that this approach, considering its advantages, might allow the development of new diagnostic tools for the clinical evaluation of respiratory diseases.
A digital design flow for secure integrated circuits (2006)

Small embedded integrated circuits (ICs) such as smart cards are vulnerable to the so-called side-channel attacks (SCAs). The attacker can gain information by monitoring the power consumption, execution time, electromagnetic radiation, and other information leaked by the switching behavior of digital complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) gates. This paper presents a digital very large scale integrated (VLSI) design flow to create secure power-analysis-attack-resistant ICs. The design flow starts from a normal design in a hardware description language such as very-high-speed integrated circuit (VHSIC) hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog and provides a direct path to an SCA-resistant layout. Instead of a full custom layout or an iterative design process with extensive simulations, a few key modifications are incorporated in a regular synchronous CMOS standard cell design flow. The basis for power analysis attack resistance is discussed. This paper describes how to adjust the library databases such that the regular single-ended static CMOS standard cells implement a dynamic and differential logic style and such that 20 000+ differential nets can be routed in parallel. This paper also explains how to modify the constraints and rules files for the synthesis, place, and differential route procedures. Measurement-based experimental results have demonstrated that the secure digital design flow is a functional technique to thwart side-channel power analysis. It successfully protects a prototype Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) IC fabricated in an 0.18-mum CMOS
SnakeCut: An Integrated Approach Based on Active Contour and GrabCut for Automatic Foreground Object Segmentation (2007)

Interactive techniques for extracting the foreground object from an image have been the interest of research in computer vision for a long time. This paper addresses the problem of an efficient, semi-interactive extraction of a foreground object from an image. Snake (also known as Active contour) and GrabCut are two popular techniques, extensively used for this task. Active contour is a deformable contour, which segments the object using boundary discontinuities by minimizing the energy function associated with the contour. GrabCut provides a convenient way to encode color features as segmentation cues to obtain foreground segmentation from local pixel similarities using modified iterated graph-cuts. This paper first presents a comparative study of these two segmentation techniques, and illustrates conditions under which either or both of them fail. We then propose a novel formulation for integrating these two complimentary techniques to obtain an automatic foreground object segmentation. We call our proposed integrated approach as ";SnakeCut";, which is based on a probabilistic framework. To validate our approach, we show results both on simulated and natural images.
A genetic variant that disrupts <i>MET</i> transcription is associated with autism (2006)

There is strong evidence for a genetic predisposition to autism and an intense interest in discovering heritable risk factors that disrupt gene function. Based on neurobiological findings and location within a chromosome 7q31 autism candidate gene region, we analyzed the gene encoding the pleiotropic MET receptor tyrosine kinase in a family based study of autism including 1,231 cases. MET signaling participates in neocortical and cerebellar growth and maturation, immune function, and gastrointestinal repair, consistent with reported medical complications in some children with autism. Here, we show genetic association (P = 0.0005) of a common C allele in the promoter region of the MET gene in 204 autism families. The allelic association at this MET variant was confirmed in a replication sample of 539 autism families (P = 0.001) and in the combined sample (P = 0.000005). Multiplex families, in which more than one child has autism, exhibited the strongest allelic association (P = 0.000007). In case-control analyses, the autism diagnosis relative risk was 2.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.41-3.65; P = 0.0006) for the CC genotype and 1.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.11-2.49; P = 0.012) for the CG genotype compared with the GG genotype. Functional assays showed that the C allele results in a 2-fold decrease in MET promoter activity and altered binding of specific transcription factor complexes. These data implicate reduced MET gene expression in autism susceptibility, providing evidence of a previously undescribed pathophysiological basis for this behaviorally and medically complex disorder.
Energy effects for solvent self-diffusion in polymer-solvent systems (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnergy effects for solvent self-diffusion in polymer-solvent systemsJ. S. Vrentas and C. M. VrentasCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6, 1277–1281Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00058a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00058a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An ELISA DYRK1A non-radioactive assay suitable for the characterization of inhibitors (2017)

<ns4:p> The DYRK1A (dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A) gene encodes a proline-directed Ser/Thr kinase. Elevated expression and/or altered distribution of the kinase have been implicated in the neurological impairments associated with Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Consequently, DYRK1A inhibition has been of significant interest as a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention of DS and AD. Many classes of novel inhibitors have been described in the past decade. Although non-radioactive methods for analyzing DYRK1A inhibition have been developed, methods employing radioactive tracers are still commonly used for quantitative characterization of DYRK1A inhibitors. Here, we present a non-radioactive ELISA assay based on the detection of DYRK1A-phosphorylated dynamin 1a fragment using a phosphorylation site-specific antibody. The assay was verified by the use of two well-characterized DYRK1A inhibitors, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and harmine. The IC <ns4:sub>50</ns4:sub> s for EGCG and harmine determined by the ELISA method were found to be comparable to those previously measured by radioactive tracing methods. Furthermore, we determined the mode of inhibition for EGCG and harmine by a modification of the ELISA assay. This assay confirms the mode of inhibition of EGCG (non-ATP-competitive) and harmine (ATP-competitive), as previously determined. We conclude that the ELISA platform demonstrated here is a viable alternative to the traditional radioactive tracer assays for analyzing DYRK1A inhibitors. </ns4:p>
A Comparative Study of Amorphous, Anatase, Rutile, and Mixed Phase TiO<sub>2</sub>Films by Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition and Ultraviolet Photodetectors Applications (2018)

This paper presents growing amorphous, anatase, rutile, and mixed phases titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) thin films by mist chemical vapor deposition and post deposition annealing techniques. The annealing temperature affects crystal structures of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films significantly. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra are used to characterize the structures of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the chemical composition of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film. The optical characteristics, including refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical absorption coefficient, and photoluminescence spectrum are measured. Finally, the metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors are fabricated and their current-voltage, Schottky barrier height, photoresponse characteristics, response time, and detectivity characteristics are investigated. The research results show that these crystal structures of the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> demonstrate their specific advantages in the performance of the photodetectors.
PHIFACT-a design space exploration program (1991)

PHIFACT is a program to synthesize combinational blocks for performance. This is mainly achieved by design space exploration at logic level. The basic multi-level architecture of the block is gradually constructed during a Boolean phase, where look ahead tools guarantee optimality. During a subsequent local restructuring phase, optimal circuits scattered in subregions of the design space are explored and selected. This is mainly based on a steepest descent method in various directions. Consequently either the complete design space, or selected subregions can be examined. Both progresses are intimately connected, placing PHIFACT in the forefront of logic synthesis tools for performance. >
Direct sound enhancement by wave field synthesis (1997)

Pre.'face Also, T would like lo thank my 'room-mates' and 'colleque-sound-controllers', Antwan, Edwin, Ivo, Jan-Jakob and Jaap.They all contributed to the pleasant working atmosphere in our sec tion.The contribution of several students to this thesis may not be forgotten.Thank you all: Vincent, Ben, Menno and last but not least Chiel, who helped me a lot with the evaluation of the DSE system and conducted the final listening tests.It was always a pleasure to woik with my old group 'Perceptual Acoustics'.Especially 1 am very grateful to Johan Raatgever for his advise and suggestions in the psycho-acoustical exper iments
Ground Current Modification of Mobile Terminal Antennas and Its Effects (2011)

In this letter, a dual-band parasitic radiator is de signed and optimized to modify the current distribution on the ground plane of a handheld terminal. Using a variable-length dual-band parasitic radiator, the ground current distribution is controlled, and low specific absorption rate (SAR) and high radiation efficiency at 900 and 1880 MHz are obtained. The proposed antenna scheme consisting of a dual-band parasitic element and a driven dual-band antenna reduces the peak SAR by 50% and 40% at 900 and 1880 MHz, respectively, compared to a conventional dual-band antenna. Significant increase in radiation efficiency is also obtained.