gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Borna Disease Virus Glycoprotein Is Required for Viral Dissemination in Neurons (2003)

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus with a tropism for neurons. Infection with BDV causes neurological diseases in a wide variety of animal species. Although it is known that the virus spreads from neuron to neuron, assembled viral particles have never been visualized in the brains of infected animals. This has led to the hypothesis that BDV spreads as nonenveloped ribonucleoproteins (RNP) rather than as enveloped viral particles. We assessed whether the viral envelope glycoprotein (GP) is required for neuronal dissemination of BDV by using primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. We show that upon in vitro infection, BDV replicated and spread efficiently in this system. Despite rapid virus dissemination, very few infectious viral particles were detectable in the culture. However, neutralizing antibodies directed against BDV-GP inhibited BDV spread. In addition, interference with BDV-GP processing by inhibiting furin-mediated cleavage of the glycoprotein blocked virus spread. Finally, antisense treatment with peptide nucleic acids directed against BDV-GP mRNA inhibited BDV dissemination, marking BDV-GP as an attractive target for antiviral therapy against BDV. Together, our results demonstrate that the expression and correct processing of BDV-GP are necessary for BDV dissemination in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons, arguing against the hypothesis that the virus spreads from neuron to neuron in the form of nonenveloped RNP.
P53-independent restoration of p53 pathway in tumors with mutated p53 through ATF4 transcriptional modulation by ERK1/2 and CDK9 (2020)

Abstract A long-term goal in the cancer-field has been to develop strategies for treating p53-mutated tumors. A novel small-molecule, PG3-Oc, restores p53 pathway-signaling in tumor cells with mutant-p53, independently of p53/p73. PG3-Oc partially upregulates the p53-transcriptome (13.7% of public p53 target-gene dataset; 15.2% of in-house dataset) and p53-proteome (18%, HT29; 16%, HCT116-p53 -/- ). Bioinformatic analysis indicates critical p53-effectors of growth-arrest (p21), apoptosis (PUMA, DR5, Noxa), autophagy (DRAM1), and metastasis-suppression (NDRG1) are induced by PG3-Oc. ERK1/2- and CDK9-kinases are required to upregulate ATF4 by PG3-Oc which restores p53 transcriptomic-targets in cells without functional-p53. PG3-Oc represses MYC (ATF4-independent), and upregulates PUMA (ATF4-dependent) in mediating cell death. With largely nonoverlapping transcriptomes, induced-ATF4 restores p53 transcriptomic targets in drug-treated cells including functionally important mediators such as PUMA and DR5. Our results demonstrate novel p53-independent drug-induced molecular reprogramming involving ERK1/2, CDK9, and ATF4 to restore upregulation of p53 effector genes required for cell death and tumor suppression.
Thioredoxin and Its Role in Toxicology (2003)

Thioredoxins (Trx) are members of an evolutionarily conserved family of redox-active proteins containing a conserved active site dithiol motif. Trx supports diverse reduction reactions, including several of direct toxicologic interest, but relatively little information is available concerning the roles of Trx under specific toxicologic conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests that Trx serves a partially overlapping and highly complementary role to the glutathione (GSH) system in protecting against toxicity. GSH and Trx both function in the reduction of peroxides through the action of multiple GSH peroxidases and Trx peroxidases (peroxiredoxins), respectively. However, GSH is a small molecule that is present at millimolar concentrations, thereby providing a potential mechanism for elimination of alkylating electrophiles. In contrast, even though Trx is only present at micromolar or submicromolar concentrations, its dithiol motif makes it suited to reverse oxidative changes to proteins, including reduction of protein disulfides, methioninyl sulfoxides, and cysteinyl sulfenic acids. Moreover, Trx functions in redox-sensitive signal transduction, transcriptional activation of stress response genes, ribonucleotide reduction in synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides for DNA repair, and post-injury cell proliferation. Molecular studies show that the predominant cytoplasmic/nuclear form, Trx-1, and the mitochondrial form, Trx-2, both protect against oxidative stress, that both are essential for embryonic development, and that Trx-1 is inducible in response to oxidative stress. Because of the differences between GSH and Trx in distribution, catalytic activities and reactivities with electrophiles, particularly with the important role to be played by glutathione S-transferases, considerable research is needed to clarify their respective roles in protection against specific toxicologic conditions.
Better Approximation of Betweenness Centrality (2008)

Estimating the importance or centrality of the nodes in large networks has recently attracted increased interest. Betweenness is one of the most important centrality indices, which basically counts the number of shortest paths going through a node. Betweenness has been used in diverse applications, e.g., social network analysis or route planning. Since exact computation is prohibitive for large networks, approximation algorithms are important. In this paper, we propose a framework for unbiased approximation of betweenness that generalizes a previous approach by Brandes. Our best new schemes yield significantly better approximation than before for many real world inputs. In particular, we also get good approximations for the betweenness of unimportant nodes.
An evaluation of an in situ fluorometer for the estimation of chlorophyll a (1993)

In situ fluorometers are evaluated in their estimation Of chlorophyll a. Calibrations from at-sea and laboratory data showed linear relationships between fluorescence and chlorophyll a as measured by in situ fluorometers with r 2 > 0.9. Examination of regression residuals showed an increasing error variance with the magnitude of chlorophyll on two of four cruises. The most likely source of this increasing error variance was in one case, a photoadaptation effect and in the other a population shift between the beginning and end of the cruise. Smaller variability was also found in the ratio fluorescence to chlorophyll a traced to sample depth, a time of day, although this variability was not a consistent property of the data. Generally, there was excellent agreement between laboratory and at-sea calibrations for low levels of chlorophyll typical of oceanic environments. The laboratory calibration of these instruments-was stable over time, suggesting that good estimates of chlorophyll a can be made from fluorometers placed on ocean moorings.
Improvement in Lasing Characteristics of GaN-based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Fabricated Using a GaN Substrate (2009)

We compared the lasing characteristics of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) fabricated using a GaN substrate with those fabricated using a sapphire substrate. The original substrates are removed from the devices after the devices have been bonded to Si substrates. Consequently, with the exception of the cavity length, the two kinds of fabricated VCSELs have almost the same structures. The VCSELs fabricated using a GaN substrate have a higher maximum output power (0.62 mW) and longer lifetimes than those fabricated using a sapphire substrate. Even for the VCSELs fabricated with a GaN substrate, 10-min operation causes their threshold current to increase.
A Printed-Circuit Hybrid-Ring Directional Coupler for Arbitrary Power Divisions (1986)

A directional coupler in the form of a hybrid ring particularly suited for printed circuits is described. The maximum power-split ratio between the two output ports of a printed-circuit conventional hybrid-ring coupler is limited by the highest impedance line that can be realized [1]. The hybrid-ring directional coupler described in this paper allows a larger power-split ratio for the same impedance lines, and thereby increases the range of the power-split ratio that can be realized for printed circuits. A theoretical analysis was conducted using the scattering matrix, and experimental verification of the theoretical results was achieved in a stripline configuration at Ku-band.
Time‐lapse microscopy using smartphone with augmented reality markers (2014)

A prototype system that replaces the conventional time-lapse imaging in microscopic inspection for use with smartphones is presented. Existing time-lapse imaging requires a video data feed between a microscope and a computer that varies depending on the type of image grabber. Even with proper hardware setups, a series of tedious and repetitive tasks is still required to relocate to the region-of-interest (ROI) of the specimens. In order to simplify the system and improve the efficiency of time-lapse imaging tasks, a smartphone-based platform utilizing microscopic augmented reality (μ-AR) markers is proposed. To evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed system, a user test was designed and performed, measuring the elapse time for a trial of the task starting from the execution of the application software to the completion of restoring and imaging of an ROI saved in advance. The results of the user test showed that the average elapse time was 65.3 ± 15.2 s with 6.86 ± 3.61 μm of position error and 0.08 ± 0.40 degrees of angle error. This indicates that the time-lapse imaging task was accomplished rapidly with a high level of accuracy. Thus, simplification of both the system and the task was achieved via our proposed system.
Agent-mediated off-exchange trading (2003)

We introduce a prototype approach to automate the off-exchange trading via (intelligent) software agents. An innovative multi-agent based trading system is presented that permits the trader to initiate automated single auctions and/or dynamic negotiations within a continuous off-exchange trading in the bond market. After deriving the main requirements for this approach, we give an insight into the system's concept.
Analysis of FOXP3 Reveals Multiple Domains Required for Its Function as a Transcriptional Repressor (2006)

Foxp3 has been shown to be both necessary and sufficient for the development and function of naturally arising CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in mice. Mutation of Foxp3 in Scurfy mice and FOXP3 in humans with IPEX results in fatal, early onset autoimmune disease and demonstrates the critical role of FOXP3 in maintaining immune homeostasis. The FOXP3 protein encodes several functional domains, including a C2H2 zinc finger, a leucine zipper, and a winged-helix/forkhead (FKH) domain. We have shown previously that FOXP3 functions as a transcriptional repressor and inhibits activation-induced IL-2 gene transcription. To characterize the role of each predicted functional domain on the in vivo activity of FOXP3, we have evaluated the location of point mutations identified in a large cohort of patients with the immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) and found them to cluster primarily within the FKH domain and the leucine zipper, but also present within the poorly defined N-terminal portion of the protein. The molecular functions of each of the IPEX-targeted domains were investigated. We show that FOXP3 is constitutively localized to the nucleus and this localization requires sequences at both the amino and C-terminal ends of its FKH domain. Moreover, FOXP3 was found to homodimerize through its leucine zipper. We also identify a novel functional domain within the N-terminal half of FOXP3, which is required for FOXP3-mediated repression of transcription from both a constitutively active and a NF-AT-inducible promoter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IPEX mutations in these domains correlate with deficiencies in FOXP3 repressor function, corroborating their in vivo relevance.
Complementary/Alternative Medicine Use in a Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Implications for Oncology (2000)

In most categories, CAM use was common among outpatients. Given the number of patients combining vitamins and herbs with conventional treatments, the oncology community must improve patient-provider communication, offer reliable information to patients, and initiate research to determine possible drug-herb-vitamin interactions.
Evaluation of an instrumented glove for hand-movement acquisition (2003)

Quantitative assessment of digit range of motion (ROM) is often needed for monitoring effectiveness of rehabilitative treatments and assessing patients' functional impairment. The objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of using the Humanware Humanglove, a 20-position sensors glove, to measure fingers' ROM, with particular regard to measurement repeatability. With this aim, we performed a series of tests on six normal subjects. Data analysis was based on statistical parameters and on the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Sources of errors that could affect measurement repeatability were also analyzed. The results demonstrate that, in principle, the glove could be used as goniometric device. The main advantage yielded by its use is reduction in the time needed to perform the whole measurement process, while maintaining process repeatability comparable to that achieved by traditional means of assessment. It also allows for dynamic and simultaneous recording of hand-joint movements. Future work will investigate accuracy of measurements.
Particle Focusing Mechanisms in Curving Confined Flows (2009)

Particles in finite-inertia confined channel flows are known to segregate and focus to equilibrium positions whose number corresponds with the fold of symmetry of the channel's cross section. The addition of curvature into channels presumably modifies these equilibrium inertial focusing positions, because of the secondary flow induced in curved channels. Here, we identify the critical interaction of the secondary flow field with inertial lift forces to create complex sets of particle focusing positions that vary with the channel Reynolds number (Re(C)) and the inertial force ratio, which is a new dimensionless parameter that is based on the ratio of inertial lift to drag forces from the secondary flow. We use these results to identify microfluidic channel geometries to focus particles at rates an order of magnitude higher than previously shown (channel Reynolds number, Re(C) = 270) and develop design criteria for the focusing of potentially arbitrary-sized particles. In addition, our results indicate that channel curvature can lead to microfluidic designs with reduced fluidic resistance, useful for lower power inertial focusing or separation. These results will enable design of practical particle/cell separation, filtration, and focusing systems for critical applications in biomedicine and environmental cleanup.
Performance assessment of different droop control techniques in an AC microgrid (2017)

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performances of different droop control technologies that are proposed in literature for the real-time power balancing in a microgrid. Mainly, the decentralized droop control techniques are studied. The different attributes of the droop control are identified. Droop controllers are synthesized by considering all possible cases of an attribute. The generalized control architectures are presented based upon the broad classification of droop controllers. Extensive case studies are performed to verify the pros and cons of the selection of a particular feature in the droop controller. Both the transient and steady-state performances are evaluated.
Amniotic fluid embolism (2013)

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is an unpredictable and as-of-yet unpreventable complication of maternity. With its low incidence it is unlikely that any given practitioner will be confronted with a case of AFE. However, this rare occurrence carries a high probability of serious sequelae including cardiac arrest, ARDS, coagulopathy with massive hemorrhage, encephalopathy, seizures, and both maternal and infant mortality. In this review the current state of medical knowledge about AFE is outlined including its incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations. Special attention is paid to the modern aggressive supportive care that resulted in an overall reduction in the still alarmingly high mortality rate of this devastating entity. The key factors for successful management and resolution of this disease process continue to be sharp vigilance, a high level of clinical suspicion, and rapid all-out resuscitative efforts on the part of all clinicians involved in the medical care of the parturient.
Highly active catalyst derived from a 3D foam of Fe(PO <sub>3</sub> ) <sub>2</sub> /Ni <sub>2</sub> P for extremely efficient water oxidation (2017)

Commercial hydrogen production by electrocatalytic water splitting will benefit from the realization of more efficient and less expensive catalysts compared with noble metal catalysts, especially for the oxygen evolution reaction, which requires a current density of 500 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at an overpotential below 300 mV with long-term stability. Here we report a robust oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst consisting of ferrous metaphosphate on self-supported conductive nickel foam that is commercially available in large scale. We find that this catalyst, which may be associated with the in situ generated nickel-iron oxide/hydroxide and iron oxyhydroxide catalysts at the surface, yields current densities of 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at an overpotential of 177 mV, 500 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at only 265 mV, and 1,705 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> at 300 mV, with high durability in alkaline electrolyte of 1 M KOH even after 10,000 cycles, representing activity enhancement by a factor of 49 in boosting water oxidation at 300 mV relative to the state-of-the-art IrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst.
Anti‐inflammatory Effect of Palmitoylethanolamide on Human Adipocytes (2009)

Obesity leads to the appearance of an inflammatory process, which can be initiated even with a moderate weight gain. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous lipid, secreted by human adipocytes, that possesses numerous anti-inflammatory properties. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of PEA on human adipocytes, as well as in a murine model. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human subcutaneous adipocytes in primary culture and CF-1 mice was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of PEA on adipocyte TNF-alpha secretion were explored as well as some suspected PEA anti-inflammatory pathways: nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) gene expression, and TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) activity. The effects of PEA on the TNF-alpha serum concentration in intraperitoneally LPS-treated mice were also studied. We demonstrate that the LPS induced secretion of TNF-alpha by human adipocytes is inhibited by PEA. This action is neither linked to a reduction in TNF-alpha gene transcription nor to the inhibition of TACE activity. Moreover, PPAR-alpha is not implicated in this anti-inflammatory activity. Lastly, PEA exhibits a wide-reaching anti-inflammatory action as the molecule is able to completely inhibit the strong increase in TNF-alpha levels in the serum of mice treated with high doses of LPS. In view of its virtual lack of toxicity, PEA might become a potentially interesting candidate molecule in the prevention of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
Multi-robots teleoperation - analysis and prognosis (2002)

This paper presents a synthesis of the collaborative work between the MEL and the LRP under the framework of long distance multi-robots teleoperation using an intermediate functional representation (IFR) of the real remote world by means of virtual reality. We discuss the results of the first experiment and its extension for controlling in parallel 4 robots without video feedback, and the results of the second experiment performed for controlling 2 remote robots in parallel with added features to improve the precedent one. We used direct human hand actions, within an intermediate functional representation of the remote environment by means of virtual environment as a guide for task execution and teleoperation. The paper ends with future teleoperator perspectives such as using two hands for cooperative teleoperation and concurrent IFR using multiple masters and robots.
Actin Structure and Function (2011)

Actin is the most abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells. It is highly conserved and participates in more protein-protein interactions than any known protein. These properties, along with its ability to transition between monomeric (G-actin) and filamentous (F-actin) states under the control of nucleotide hydrolysis, ions, and a large number of actin-binding proteins, make actin a critical player in many cellular functions, ranging from cell motility and the maintenance of cell shape and polarity to the regulation of transcription. Moreover, the interaction of filamentous actin with myosin forms the basis of muscle contraction. Owing to its central role in the cell, the actin cytoskeleton is also disrupted or taken over by numerous pathogens. Here we review structures of G-actin and F-actin and discuss some of the interactions that control the polymerization and disassembly of actin.
Application of three-dimensional CT measurement and bone graft shaping technique in segmental mandibular defect restoration (2013)

Objective: To observe the effects of three-dimensional CT measurement and bone graft shaping technique in segmental mandibular defect restoration. Methods: From July 2008 to January 2012,12 patients with mandibular segmental defect were included. The height of mandible ramus,the length of mandible body and chin,the angle between mandible ramus and body,and the angle between mandible body and chin were measured on three-dimensional CT images. According to the measurement data,vascularized fibula flap or iliac flap were shaped and transplanted. Results: After operation wounds in all the patients were healed in stage I. At the end of the postoperative follow-up( half year to 4 years),good facial appearance,satisfactory mandible contour and perfect bone union between the implanted bone and residual mandible bone were achieved without donor or recipient site complication. Conclusion: Three-dimensional CT measurement can improve the surgical accuracy and simplify the shaping procedure of bone graft. The technique can be widely used in restoration of segmental mandibular defect.
Power vs. Force: The Hidden Determinants of Human Behavior (2002)

Building on the accumulated wisdom of applied kinesiology (diagnostic muscle-testing to determine the causes of allergies and ailments) and behavioral kinesiology (muscle-testing to determine emotional responses to stimuli), David R. Hawkins, M.D. has taken muscle-testing to the next level, in an effort to determine what makes people and systems strong, healthy, effective, and spiritually sound.
Theory of rubber friction and contact mechanics (2001)

When rubber slides on a hard, rough substrate, the surface asperities of the substrate exert oscillating forces on the rubber surface leading to energy “dissipation” via the internal friction of the rubber. I present a discussion of how the resulting friction force depends on the nature of the substrate surface roughness and on the sliding velocity. I consider in detail the case when the substrate surface has a self affine fractal structure. I also present a theory for the area of real contact, both for stationary and sliding bodies, with elastic or elastoplastic properties. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental observation.