gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Light Oil Recovery from Fractured Shale Reservoirs by Cyclic Water Injection (2016)

Abstract Oil production from tight formations contributed about 49% of total crude oil production in U.S. in 2014 (EIA., 2015). Such amount is expected to grow significantly as the active development of low permeability reservoirs continues. Since primary recovery is becoming less effective and large amounts of oil are locked in matrix, various IOR techniques should be considered to face such challenge. Lots of recent studies evaluated the potential of gas injection in shale plays. However, few authors discussed the feasibility of water huff-n-puff process. This study aims to evaluate the potential of recovery shale oil by using cyclic water injection (CWI) method. Eagle Ford outcrop core plugs were used in this study and re-saturated with crude oil. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was employed to analyze the mineral composition of the sample. To reduce clay swelling, we used 5% of potassium chloride (KCl) solution as the injection fluid. Two groups of experiments were performed to examine the effects of soaking time and injection pressure on recovery performance. During the test, core plug was soaked with water under a constant pressure for a certain time, then the surrounding pressure was released to enter the production period. Under the same test conditions, cyclic gas injection (CGI) was conducted for the purpose of comparing two IOR effects. The mineral report shows that the clay content is 7.4 wt% in the sample. The use of clay stabilizer was a necessity when preparing the injection fluid. We present the results of cumulative recovery factor (RF) of each cycle for each test. It was found that soaking time impacts the RF within a certain range, which was similarly concluded from the gas huff-n-puff tests. Injection pressure can significantly affect the recovery performance. For example, after performing 12 cycles of water huff-n-puff, the RF for tests with injection pressures of 1,000 psi and 5,000 psi were 14% and 21%, respectively. When applying 5,000 psi, we observed that fractures were created and the width increased with further cycles operated. Comparing two processes of CWI and CGI, different recovery characters were observed. CWI showed the recovery potential at the first four cycles, and then the yielded oil was dramatically decreased with further cycle performed. By contrast, CGI had a continuous recovery performance that the incremental RF was contributed from each cycle, then gradually diminished after seven cycles of huff-n-puff process.
Evaluation of the Asparagine Synthetase Level in Leukemia Cells by Monoclonal Antibodies (2012)

L-Asparaginase (ASNase) is important for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ASNase sensitivity has been shown to correlate with the asparagine synthetase (ASNS) protein content in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. However, there have been few studies to determine ASNS protein levels in human leukemias, since no appropriate monoclonal antibody is available for such quantitative analysis. In this study, we report the generation of anti-ASNS monoclonal antibodies, which are applicable to flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These monoclonal antibodies should provide a valuable tool for the quantification of ASNS protein level and estimation of ASNase-resistance in leukemia cells.
Functional Properties of a Recombinant Chimeric Protein with Combined Thrombin Inhibitory and Plasminogen‐Activating Potential (1995)

A chimeric protein (rscu-PA-40-kDa/Hir), consisting of the C-terminal amino acids 53-65 of hirudin (Hir), fused via a 14-amino-acid linker sequence to the C-terminal of a 40-kDa fragment (Ser47-Leu411) of recombinant (r) single-chain (sc) urokinase-type plasminogen activator (rscu-PA), was produced by expression of the corresponding chimeric cDNA in Escherichia coli cells. The thrombin inhibitory potential of purified rscu-PA-40-kDa/Hir was confirmed by complete inhibition of the coagulant activity of thrombin at 20-30-fold molar excess of the chimera, and by the resistance of rscu-PA-40-kDa/Hir to proteolytic cleavage by thrombin, rscu-PA-40-kDa/Hir prolonged the thrombin time of normal human plasma in a dose-dependent way (reduction of the apparent thrombin concentration to 50% with 95 nM chimeric protein as compared to 4.7 nM hirudin), and inhibited thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation (reduction of the apparent thrombin concentration to 50% with 40 nM chimeric protein). The chimera had a specific activity on fibrin films of 57,000 IU/mg as compared to 95,000 IU/mg for rscu-PA. The urokinase-like amidolytic activity of the single-chain protein was only 220 IU/mg but increased to 169,000 IU/mg after treatment with plasmin, which resulted in quantitative conversion to a two-chain (tc) derivative (rtcu-PA-40-kDa/Hir). Corresponding values for rscu-PA were 270 and 226,000 IU/mg. The catalytic efficiencies for plasmin-mediated conversion to two-chain molecules were comparable for rscu-PA-40-kDa/Hir and rscu-PA (0.63 and 0.65 microM-1.s-1, respectively). The plasminogen-activating potential of the single-chain chimera was comparable to that of rscu-PA; the catalytic efficiencies for plasminogen activation by their two-chain counterparts were also similar (0.55 and 0.73 microM-1.s-1, respectively). In 2 h, 50% lysis of 125I-fibrin-labeled clots prepared from platelet-poor human plasma and immersed in normal plasma was obtained with 1.3 micrograms/ml rscu-PA-40-kDa/Hir and with 0.67 micrograms/ml rscu-PA, with corresponding residual fibrinogen levels of 74% and 87%, respectively. In the absence of fibrin, 50% fibrinogenolysis in 2 h in normal human plasma required 2.1 micrograms/ml rscu-PA, but 7.9 micrograms/ml rscu-PA-40-kDa/Hir. Thus, the chimera rscu-PA-40-kDa/Hir has maintained the specific fibrinolytic and plasminogen activating activity of rscu-PA as well as its fibrinolytic potency in plasma, whereas it displayed a similar or somewhat better fibrin specificity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation of Amorphous and Polymorph Piretanide and Their Physicochemical Properties and Solubilities. (1996)

We prepared piretanide polymorphs by a new recrystallization procedure maximizing the solubility difference based on the pH difference of the solution. A new polymorph, form C, was formed at an acid-base molar ratio of ≥1 : 1, and amorphous form at <0.975 : 1. At the molar ratio of HCl being 0.975-1, a mixture of form C and the amorphous form was generated. By X-ray powder diffractometry, the amorphous form showed no diffraction peak, and form C was significantly different from forms A (bulk material, BM) and B (polymorph). FT-IR spectra of form C and the amorphous form were significantly different from those of forms A and B at around 1700 and 3200-3400 cm-1. The DSC curve of the amorphous form showed exothermic peaks at 136 and 209°C and endothermic peaks at 207 and 225°C (corresponding to the melting point of BM), whereas that of form C showed an exothermic peak at 143°C and endothermic peaks at 132 and 224°C (corresponding to the melting point of BM). By the dispersed amount method, the solubilities of the amorphous form and form C were almost the same as that of form B and 2.0- and 1.4-fold higher than that of form A (8.3mg/100ml) in JPXII first fluid (pH 1.2) and were about 4.5-fold higher than those of forms A and B (about 200mg/100ml) in JPXII second fluid (pH 6.8) at 37°C.
Characterization and enzymatic degradation of Sup35NM, a yeast prion‐like protein (2005)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are believed to be caused by an unconventional infectious agent, the prion protein. The pathogenic and infectious form of prion protein, PrPSc, is able to aggregate and form amyloid fibrils, very stable and resistant to most disinfecting processes and common proteases. Under specific conditions, PrPSc in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) brain tissue was found degradable by a bacterial keratinase and some other proteases. Since this disease-causing prion is infectious and dangerous to work with, a model or surrogate protein that is safe is needed for the in vitro degradation study. Here a nonpathogenic yeast prion-like protein, Sup35NM, cloned and overexpressed in E. coli, was purified and characterized for this purpose. Aggregation and deaggregation of Sup35NM were examined by electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, Congo red binding, fluorescence, and Western blotting. The degradation of Sup35NM aggregates by keratinase and proteinase K under various conditions was studied and compared. These results will be of value in understanding the mechanism and optimization of the degradation process.
PIMCA: A Programmable In-Memory Computing Accelerator for Energy-Efficient DNN Inference (2022)

This article presents a programmable in-memory computing accelerator (PIMCA) for low-precision (1–2 b) deep neural network (DNN) inference. The custom 10T1C bitcell in the in-memory computing (IMC) macro has four additional transistors and one capacitor to perform capacitive-coupling-based multiply and accumulation (MAC) in analog-mixed-signal (AMS) domain. A macro containing <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$256 \times 128$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bitcells can simultaneously activate all the rows, and as a result, it can perform a matrix-vector multiplication (VMM) in one cycle. PIMCA integrates 108 of such IMC static random-access memory (SRAM) macros with the custom six-stage pipeline and the custom instruction set architecture (ISA) for instruction-level programmability. The results of IMC macros are fed to a single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) processor for other computations such as partial sum accumulation, max-pooling, activation functions, etc. To effectively use the IMC and SIMD datapath, we customize the ISA especially by adding hardware loop support, which reduces the program size by up to 73%. The accelerator is prototyped in a 28-nm technology, and integrates a total of 3.4-Mb IMC SRAM and 1.5-Mb off-the-shelf activation SRAM, demonstrating one of the largest IMC accelerators to date. It achieves the system-level energy efficiency of 437 TOPS/W and the peak throughput of 49 TOPS at the 42-MHz clock frequency and 1-V supply for the VGG9 and the ResNet-18 on the CIFAR-10 dataset.
Fully‐integrated active matrix programmable UV and blue micro‐LED display system‐on‐panel (SoP) (2017)

Abstract High pixel per inch and high‐resolution micro‐LED displays are attracting more and more attentions. The increasing pixel number requires a large amount of bonding pads and brings huge difficulties to micro‐LED system design and lowers power efficiency as well. It is urgent to integrate row and column driving circuits onto the micro‐LED panel. Here, we report a fully integrated active matrix programmable micro‐LED system on panel (SoP) with ultraviolet and blue emission wavelengths. The micro‐LED SoP has a resolution of 60 × 60 and pixel pitch of 70 μm. The micro‐LED SoP was achieved by integrating micro‐LED arrays with silicon‐based p‐channel metal‐oxide semiconductor driving panel using fine‐toned flip‐chip bonding technology. With fully integrated scan and data circuits, the number of bonding pads was greatly reduced from 136 to 28, and large amount of metal interconnection lines were saved. The micro‐LED SoP panel was mounted on a periphery driving board, and representative characters were displayed successfully.
Toward Reasoning of Driving Behavior (2018)

Driving consists of a sequence of interaction with traffic environment and decision making based on situation understanding. Human drivers are capable of taking control in the complex situations smoothly. We thus believe understanding how humans drive and interact with traffic scenes is an important step to achieve an intelligent automated driving system. As the first step to achieve the ultimate goal, in this paper, we presented the Honda Research Institute Driving Dataset (HDD), a challenging dataset to enable research on learning driver behavior and causal reasoning in real-life environments. The dataset includes 104 hours of naturalistic driving collected using an instrumented vehicle. We introduce an annotation scheme to describe complex driving behaviors. A baseline event detection algorithm based on Controller Area Network (CAN bus) data and the corresponding experiments are reported. Moreover, we provide a preliminary analysis on the cause and effect to the performance behavior detection.
Degradation of binary and ternary mixtures of <i>s‐</i> triazines by a soil bacterial isolate (1995)

Abstract An atrazine‐degrading bacterial isolate (M91–3) was able to utilize simazine and cyanazine as N sources for glucose‐dependent growth. The degradation of these three 5‐triazine herbicides was also investigated in binary and ternary mixtures. The organism used atrazine and simazine indiscriminately, whereas cyanazine degradation was slow and delayed until the depletion of the two other herbicides. There was no apparent effect of other commonly used herbicides on the rate of atrazine degradation by M91–3.
Stepped-frequency nonlinear radar simulation (2014)

RF electronic targets cannot be detected by traditional linear radar because their radar cross sections are much smaller than that of nearby clutter. One technology that is capable of separating RF electronic targets from clutter, however, is nonlinear radar. Presented in this paper is a combination of stepped-frequency ultra-wideband radar with nonlinear detection. By stepping the transmit frequency across an ultra-wide bandwidth and recording the amplitude and phase of the harmonic return signal, a nonlinear frequency response of the radar environment is constructed. An inverse Fourier transform of this response reveals the range to a nonlinear target.
A rapid scanning strip for tri- and dinucleotide short tandem repeats (1994)

Oligonucleotides representing 60 trinucleotide (21mers) and four dinucleotide (20mers) tandem repeats were directly synthesized and arrayed onto an aminated polypropylene substrate. DNA samples of different complexities (a CAG-containing 21mer oligonucleotide, PCR fragments of 200 to 3,000 bp, and cosmids with 31 to 35 kb inserts) were radiolabelled and hybridized to the oligonucleotide array at various temperatures. When compared to sequence data available from the test DNAs, the reverse blot system specifically identified various tri- and dinucleotide short tandem repeats (STRs) in every case. Moreover, there was no random or cross hybridization to nonspecific sequences. It was possible to detect as few as three repeated units in a particular location, as shown for (CCT)n, (GCC)n and (CAC)n triplets in cosmid DNA. Varying the hybridization stringency can enhance the detection of STRs. This single-step reverse blot system therefore allows the rapid, specific and sensitive identification of various STRs in DNA sources of different complexity.
One-Step Acid Removal of an Invert Emulsion (2005)

Abstract Removal of skin damage resulting from internal and external filter cake deposition during oil well reservoir drilling with invert emulsion drill-in fluid is desirable in order to maximize hydrocarbon recovery. Efficient filter cake cleanup is required for a number of open-hole completion operations, including the use of stand-alone and expandable sand screens, and conventional gravel pack applications for both production and water-injection wells. Most of the currently used chemical methods to remove invert emulsion filter cake and internal formation damage are based on the use of acids, solvents and mutual solvents mixed in clear brine. Completing a well after drill-in with emulsion-based fluids is time-consuming and costly, and usually involves large volume multi-stage soak treatments. Surfactant technology, when appropriately combined with conventional acid, allows a single-stage invert emulsion cleanup process. In this "one-step" cleanup method, the invert emulsion filter cake is incorporated into the organized surfactant in solution and the acid-soluble particles are then decomposed. A number of injection permeability tests were performed on Berea sandstone cores and ceramic discs using various invert emulsion drilling fluids for filter cake deposition and organized surfactant in solution/acid blends for filter cake removal. This investigation demonstrated that, when using this technology to destroy the filter cake, (1) the invert emulsion is incorporated into the surfactant solution, (2) the solids become water-wet, (3) sludge formation between the acid and invert emulsion cake is prevented, and (4); and the majority of acid-soluble particles are removed. This approach appears to be a credible method for removing formation skin damage and increasing hydrocarbon recovery and/or water injection rates.
The first cold atmospheric plasma phase I clinical trial for the treatment of advanced solid tumors: A novel 4<sup>th</sup> treatment arm for cancer. (2023)

e14596 Background: Local recurrence contributes to the poor prognosis for patients with Stage IV metastatic or recurrent solid tumors, despite advances in standard care. We report the clinical outcome of intra-operative Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) combined with standard surgical procedures. Methods: The trial was a Phase I, multi-center, open-label, prospective, controlled study. Eligible patients undergoing surgery for advanced Stage IV metastatic or recurrent solid tumors were enrolled and preoperative treatments (neoadjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation, and primary surgery) were permitted. Participants were recruited from Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois and Sheba Medical Center in Tel HaShomer, Israel. Twenty patients (age 26-85 years) between March 2020 to April 2021 received intra-operative CAP treatment following surgical macroscopic tumor removal. The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary endpoint was ablation of the local microscopic tumor bed without damaging the surrounding normal tissue. Results: Physiological data (blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, End Tidal CO 2 , and oxygen saturation) was recorded continuously throughout surgery. There were no significant changes (p > 0.05) during intra-operative CAP treatment. One adverse event grade 3 or higher was reported but no adverse events were related to CAP. As of February 13, 2023, 10 patients died of their disease between 3-32 months. Kaplan-Meier overall survival curves show the interim 31-month rate is 24% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0 – 100.0%). Median survival is 23 months. For R0 patients, the Kaplan Meier local non-recurrence probability showed that the interim 28-month rate is 75% (n=8; 95% CI, 50.3 – 100.0%) as of February 13, 2023. Histological staining, TUNEL assay, and confocal imaging of the surgical margins revealed cancer cell death and no damage to the surrounding normal tissue. Primary culture of the tumor confirmed total cessation of cancer cell survival. Conclusions: CAP treatment in combination with surgery for high-risk stage IV solid tumors is safe and induces cancer cell death at the surgical bed without damaging non-cancerous tissue. The survival rate in R0-resected CAP-treated patients was significantly improved compared to R1 and R2 patients and local non-recurrence rate for R0 patients was noteworthy. Clinical trial information: NCT04267575 . [Table: see text]
Suppression of Calpain-dependent Cleavage of the CDK5 Activator p35 to p25 by Site-specific Phosphorylation (2006)

Cdk5 is a proline-directed Ser/Thr protein kinase predominantly expressed in postmitotic neurons together with its activator, p35. N-terminal truncation of p35 to p25 by calpain results in deregulation of Cdk5 and contributes to neuronal cell death associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Previously we reported that p35 occurred as a phosphoprotein, phospho-p35 levels changed with neuronal maturation, and that phosphorylation of p35 affected its vulnerability to calpain cleavage. Here, we identify the p35 residues Ser(8) and Thr(138) as the major sites of phosphorylation by Cdk5. Mutagenesis of these sites to unphosphorylatable Ala increased susceptibility to calpain in cultured cells and neurons while changing them to phosphomimetic glutamate-attenuated cleavage. Furthermore, phosphorylation state-specific antibodies to these sites revealed that Thr(138) was dephosphorylated in adult rat, although both Ser(8) and Thr(138) were phosphorylated in prenatal brains. In cultured neurons, inhibition of protein phosphatases converted phosho-Ser(8) p35 to dual phospho-Ser(8)/Thr(138) p35 and conferred resistance to calpain cleavage. These results suggest phosphorylation of Thr(138) predominantly defines the susceptibility of p35 to calpain-dependent cleavage and that dephosphorylation of this site is a critical determinant of Cdk5-p25-induced cell death associated with neurodegeneration.
Fabrication of templates with rectangular bits on circular tracks by combining block copolymer directed self-assembly and nanoimprint lithography (2012)

A block copolymer-directed self-assembly was combined with nanoimprint lithography to generate templates with rectangular patterns through an original double imprint process. A rotary e-beam tool was used to separately expose circumferential and radial line/space chemical contrast patterns with periodicities commensurate to the natural period of two lamellae-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymers. Line patterns are formed by directed self-assembly of PS-b-PMMA on chemical patterns on two separate submaster templates, one with circumferential lines to define concentric tracks, and a second template on which the block copolymer is used to form radial lines at constant angular pitch. The patterns are subsequently transferred to their underlying Si substrates to form submaster templates. Using two sequential nanoimprinting steps, the radial and circumferential submaster line patterns were combined into a final quartz master template with rectangular bits on circular tracks.
The striatum and cerebral cortex express different muscarinic receptor mRNAs (1988)

The existence of four distinct muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes (m1-mr) has recently been demonstrated. cDNAs for three of these receptors have been cloned from brain (m1, m3, m4) and one from heart (m2). To gain some understanding of the physiological role of the brain muscarinic receptors, we mapped the distribution of their mRNAs in rat brain by in situ hybridization. These mRNAs are barely detectable in the hindbrain and cerebellum. Within forebrain, each mRNA has a strikingly different pattern of distribution. The highest levels of m1 mRNA are in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus followed by the striatum. m3 mRNA is also prominent in the cerebral cortex, but has very low levels in the striatum. Conversely, the levels of m4 mRNA are highest in the striatum. Since the cognitive effects of muscarinic drugs have been localized to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and their psychomotor effects to the striatum, these data suggest that the muscarinic receptors which subserve these responses may be different gene products. Finally, we show that these muscarinic receptors can be distinguished pharmacologically, suggesting that it may be possible to develop drugs for the selective treatment of the psychomotor vs cognitive difficulties of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Organic Azides and 1‐Iodoalkynes. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.