gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
16. Direct Selection of Targeted Vector from a Random Peptide Library Displayed on Adenoviral Fiber Knob (2006)

Recombinant adenovirus vectors have been widely used for gene delivery to a range of cell types and employed in a number of gene therapy approaches. However, a selective delivery of a therapeutic gene to target cells by adenovirus vectors is precluded by the widespread distribution of the primary cellular receptors for adenoviruses. Recently, retargeting adenovirus vectors has been achieved by direct genetic modifications of the capsid proteins: targeting ligands can be incorporated into the C-terminal and HI-loop of fiber proteins ablated for native tropism through loss of binding with CAR and av integrins, and these vectors provide an important platform for evaluating the targeting potential of selected peptide ligands. However, cell-type specific lligand-receptor systems for targeted adenovirus vectors are generally unknown, which impedes the wider application of fiber-modified adenovirus vectors for targeted therapies. Moreover, because the insertion of a pre-selected peptide into a fiber knob often fails to generate an adenovirus vector as shown in this study, the selection of targeting peptides is highly useful in the context of the adenoviral capsid. We reported previously a simple and efficient method for constructing an adenovirus cDNA expression library by in vitro Cre-loxP recombination (K. Hatanaka, et al. Mol Ther 8;158, 2003). Based on that technology, here we developed a novel system for adenoviral libraries which display a wide variety of peptides on the HI-loop of the fiber knob. A plasmid-based library containing a GFP clone at an abundance of 0.01% was readily converted to the adenovirus library in a convenient 60-mm dish scale, suggesting that the complexity of the virus library could be more than 1 × 104 per a 60-mm dish by the present method. As proof-of-concept, we screened the 2 × 105 complexity level of adenovirus display library on a human gliomacell line and observed selection of a particular peptide sequence. The gene transduction efficiency of a targeted vector carrying the peptide was 4- to 5-fold higher than that of an untargeted adenovirus in the glioma cell line but not in other cell lines. A substantial competitive inhibition by the cognate peptide but not by a control unrelated peptide was observed, confirming that the enhanced transduction of the targeted vector in the cells is mediated by the insertion of the selected peptide. Our system may allow the selection of specific targeted vectors to any given cell type of interest, and may have broad implications for the development of targeted therapies.
Wide-view and accurate deformation measurement at microscales by phase extraction of scanning moiré pattern with a spatial phase-shifting technique (2021)

A scanning-based second-order moiré method is proposed for high-accuracy deformation measurement in a large field of view (FOV) by analyzing the phase distribution of a single-shot scanning moiré fringe image using a spatial phase-shifting technique. In this method, the grating pitch can be as small as around one pixel in the scanning moiré image to ensure a wide FOV, while high-precision phase measurement is achievable. The strain measurement accuracy has been verified from simulations at different grating pitches, applied strains, and noise levels. The simulation results show that the closer the grating pitch is to the scanning pitch, the smaller the strain measurement error, and the recommended pitch ratio is 0.9∼1.1. Furthermore, the feasibility of this method has been verified from a tensile experiment on an aluminum specimen under a laser scanning microscope with scanning moiré images recorded. The microscale strains of aluminum measured at different tensile loads agree well with the strain gauge results. As an integration of the scanning and sampling moiré methods, this method has the advantages of a large FOV, high accuracy, strong noise immunity, and visualization of magnified deformation. Compared with the traditional phase-shifting scanning moiré method, this method only needs to record a single scanning moiré image and is suitable for dynamic deformation analysis.
Allelic variations of the human histamine H2 receptor gene (1996)

The gene encoding the human histamine H2 receptor (H2R) has previously been cloned and sequenced from gastric cDNA. Following PCR amplification of a fragment of the H2R gene from total human DNA, three single nucleotide base substitutions were observed and confirmed when compared with the previously published sequence. One of these base changes introduces an additional TaqI restriction endonuclease site in the coding portion of the gene. PCR amplification of human H2R gene fragments followed by cleavage with TaqI demonstrated the existence of allelic variation of the human H2R gene.
Development and biochemical characterization of a double-virus-inactivated factor VIII preparation (1995)

This paper describes the development of a double-virus-inactivated preparation. The original goal was to inactivate and/or remove parvovirus from plasma-derived factor VIII. More recently, attention has also been focused on the controversial issue of transmission of the non-lipid-coated hepatitis A virus by preparations of factor VIII which have been solvent/detergent-treated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography.
Regeneration of Adsorbents Using Heterogeneous Advanced Oxidation (1993)

Heterogeneous advanced oxidation involves the use of photoactive metal oxide catalysts illuminated with near‐UV light to generate highly reactive species that can oxidize organic chemicals. This study examined the technical feasibility of using heterogeneous advanced oxidation for the regeneration of spent adsorbents. Adsorbability and regenerability of nonimpregnated and photocatalyst‐impregnated adsorbents were evaluated. The nonimpregnated adsorbents were regenerated in titanium dioxide suspensions, whereas the photocatalyst impregnated adsorbents were regenerated in water in which no suspended photocatalyst particles were present. The results showed that the regeneration rates for the impregnated adsorbents were much faster than those for the nonimpregnated ones. To obtain adsorption capacity recoveries of >90%. a regeneration time of about one‐fifth of the adsorption time was required for the regeneration of an adsorbent impregnated with platinized titanium dioxide whereas regeneration times longer than the adsorption times were required for the regeneration of the nonimpregnated adsorbents.
Variation and<i>in vitro</i>splicing of group I introns in rRNA genes of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> (1993)

The sequences of the rRNA genes of Pneumocystis carinii from rat and human sources demonstrate three distinct genotypes based on the group I introns present in these genes. One rat isolate (Pc1) contains such introns in its 16S and 26S rRNA genes, while another rat isolate (Pc2) and a human isolate (Pc3) only contain an intron in the 26S rRNA gene. The four introns all catalyze their own excision from RNA transcripts, and this reaction is inhibited by the anti-pneumocystis drug pentamidine and its analogues. Although they differ in sequence, they are more similar to one another than to group I introns found in other eukaryotic microbes.
Interfacial Donor–Acceptor Nanofibril Composites for Selective Alkane Vapor Detection (2016)

The detection of alkane vapors has strong implications for safety, health, and the environment. Alkanes are notoriously difficult to detect because of their chemical inertness at room temperature. Herein, we introduce a tunable photoinduced charge transfer strategy to selectively detect alkane vapors under ambient condition. A unique donor–acceptor nanofibril composite comprising a compatible interface was fabricated, which is preferential for alkane adsorption. Then the enhanced adsorption disrupts the charge transfer across the interface and decreases the photocurrent, enabling the design of alkane gas sensor. We demonstrate a critical relationship between the tunable donor–acceptor interface and alkane response. The composite sensor is able to provide specific distinction between different alkanes based on their kinetics of the response profiles, and outstanding general selectivity against the common polar solvents. The work described herein may provide a basis for a new type of sensing material for detecting inert chemicals at room temperature.
Self‐Assembly: Sacrificial‐Post Templating Method for Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly (Small 3/2014) (2014)

Block copolymer (BCP) thin films self-assemble to form nanoscale patterns, as K. K. Berggren and co-workers report on page 493. On a smooth substrate, the polystyrene-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane) copolymer forms randomly oriented inplane cylinders with a 35-nm period (images on the left). A set of sacrifical nanoposts made of poly(methyl methacrylate) directed the self-assembly to form (center top to bottom): square arrays of spheres or holes, and square and hexagonal meshes with bimodal hole-size distributions. The posts and the polystyrene are removed by etching and the final pattern consists of oxidized poly(dimethylsiloxane)
A Location-Based Method for Specifying RF Spectrum Rights (2007)

We provide a method to specify location based spectrum rights that enables spectrum management with finer resolution in space and frequency. This method accounts for the attenuation of transmissions from their source and so reveals the location based opportunities to reuse spectrum. The method uses a concise yet flexible data structure that has six parts: a signal strength, a frequency, a spectrum mask, a power map, a propagation map, and a scaling factor. Through the use of one or multiple of these parts most any type of spatial spectrum use authorization or protection may be defined. The structure allows spectrum to be managed as a spatial resource and so subdivided for spatial reuse or for resale. We provide several examples to demonstrate its versatility in spectrum management. We provide some observations and theorems that are useful in developing algorithms to verify compliance to the rights and restrictions conveyed in the proposed method and to discern when coexistent spectrum use is possible. This method provides a unified approach to define spectrum use that can be used to license spectrum, to optimize spectrum reuse, to negotiate spectrum rights, and to specify spectrum policy. It is ideally suited for over-the-air management of spectrum use.
107 Development of Super Double-Deck Elevator (2002)

According to multistory building increase, the number of elevators tends to increase. In this case, also the space needed for hoistway or machine room increases, and as a result the effective floor space of the building decreases. In a common elevator (single deck elevator), there is one machine for one cab, but in a double deck elevator there is only one machine for two cabs, therefor the space needed for transportation can be reduced. However, in recent building design, there are a lot of cases that the height between floor and floor is not equal. In actual double deck elevator, the upper car and the lower car are fixed to car frame and it cannot cope with the difference between each floor. We have developed a Super Double Deck Elevator, in which upper cab and lower cab can move coping with the difference between each floor.
A Robust Highly Interpenetrated Metal−Organic Framework Constructed from Pentanuclear Clusters for Selective Sorption of Gas Molecules (2010)

A three-dimensional microporous metal-organic framework, Zn(5)(BTA)(6)(TDA)(2)·15DMF·8H(2)O (1; HBTA = 1,2,3-benzenetriazole; H(2)TDA = thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid), comprising pentanuclear [Zn(5)] cluster units, was obtained through an one-pot solvothermal reaction of Zn(NO(3))(2), 1,2,3-benzenetriazole, and thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate. The activated 1 displays type-I N(2) gas sorption behavior with a Langmuir surface area of 607 m(2) g(-1) and exhibits interesting selective gas adsorption for C(2)H(2)/CH(4) and CO(2)/CH(4).
Adjusting the Impedance by Phase Control (2019)

New equations for a transformer circuit are derived when the attenuation and the phase change occurring as the magnetic flux propagates through the magnetic core are considered. The power and the impedance can be adjusted by controlling the phase change. The law of conservation of energy is clearly broken, and the power dissipated at the load can be larger than that provided by the source. An induction machine and an imperfect transformer circuit can be treated in a similar fashion.
PDSA: parallel distributed sample acquisition for M-ary DS/CDMA system (2001)

We propose a parallel distributed sample acquisition (PDSA) scheme applicable to a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) system employing M-ary signaling for data transmission. While the primitive distributed sample acquisition scheme can be employed only for the binary signaling systems which transmit 1 bit per symbol, the proposed PDSA scheme extends its applicability to the general signaling systems allowing multibit transmission per symbol. The proposed PDSA technique can also be applied to fast acquisition of the scrambling code in multicarrier DS/CDMA cellular systems with a slight modification of the transceiver circuitry.
Noncontrast SSFP pulmonary vein magnetic resonance angiography: Impact of off‐resonance and flow (2010)

PV off-resonance and flow causes signal void artifacts in noncontrast 3D slab-selective SSFP PV MRA.
Interactive CT-Video Registration for the Continuous Guidance of Bronchoscopy (2013)

Bronchoscopy is a major step in lung cancer staging. To perform bronchoscopy, the physician uses a procedure plan, derived from a patient's 3D computed-tomography (CT) chest scan, to navigate the bronchoscope through the lung airways. Unfortunately, physicians vary greatly in their ability to perform bronchoscopy. As a result, image-guided bronchoscopy systems, drawing upon the concept of CT-based virtual bronchoscopy (VB), have been proposed. These systems attempt to register the bronchoscope's live position within the chest to a CT-based virtual chest space. Recent methods, which register the bronchoscopic video to CT-based endoluminal airway renderings, show promise but do not enable continuous real-time guidance. We present a CT-video registration method inspired by computer-vision innovations in the fields of image alignment and image-based rendering. In particular, motivated by the Lucas-Kanade algorithm, we propose an inverse-compositional framework built around a gradient-based optimization procedure. We next propose an implementation of the framework suitable for image-guided bronchoscopy. Laboratory tests, involving both single frames and continuous video sequences, demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the method. Benchmark timing tests indicate that the method can run continuously at 300 frames/s, well beyond the real-time bronchoscopic video rate of 30 frames/s. This compares extremely favorably to the ≥ 1 s/frame speeds of other methods and indicates the method's potential for real-time continuous registration. A human phantom study confirms the method's efficacy for real-time guidance in a controlled setting, and, hence, points the way toward the first interactive CT-video registration approach for image-guided bronchoscopy. Along this line, we demonstrate the method's efficacy in a complete guidance system by presenting a clinical study involving lung cancer patients.
Sintering of bulk high- Tc superconductors: Y-Ba-Cu-O (1992)

Sintering of bulk YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (123) samples has been conducted from 850 to 1010{degrees}C in oxygen partial pressures (P{sub O2}) of 2.5 {times} 10{sup 2} to 10{sup 5} Pa. The final grain sizes of the samples were controlled by selective use of (1) liquid phases and (2) partial decomposition of the 123 phase by sintering in a P{sub O2} that was lower than the minimum needed for 123 stability. In nearly fully dense samples, it was found that the grain size could range from about 1 to 500 {mu}m, depending on the processing conditions.
Thermally stable nonlinear optical polyimides: synthesis and electro-optic properties (1994)

A facile synthetic method has been developed to incorporate efficient nonlinear optical chromophores as side-chains into high temperature polyimides resulting in high electro-optic activity and long-term thermal stability at 90 °C for over one month.
Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of 2.25 Cr-1Mo Steel Using Large Thick Specimen (2002)

A large 3.5 inch thick compact tension specimen (CT) was hydrogen pre-charged in an extra high capacity autoclave in order to introduce hydrogen into steel, then hydrogen cracking tests were conducted for an extended period of time in ambient air. The anticipated out gassing from the specimen was significantly less in the 3.5T-CT specimen than in the conventional 1.0T-CT specimen. The residual hydrogen after 2 weeks of exposure to ambient air was as much as 80% (≥2 ppm) of the original hydrogen introduced. The threshold stress intensity factor for the onset of cracking (= KIH) for the high toughness, recently manufactured 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was severely degraded to KIH = 42 MPa√m (46 ksi√in) under ultra slow strain rate (dK/dt = 0.005 MPa√m/sec. (0.006 ksi√in/sec)) and subcritical cracking continued over 100 hours. The crack growth rate was kept almost constant regardless of slow change of increase or decrease in K. On the other hand, the temper embrittled 60’s 2.25Cr-1Mo steel showed brittle, unstable fracture at very low stress intensity factor (KIC-H = 33 MPa√m(36 ksi√in)) with no subcritical crack occurring before the fracture event. The fracture point KIC-H turned out to be as low as 10% of the fracture toughness KIC. Finally, comparisons were made between 2.25Cr-1Mo and 2.25Cr-1Mo-1/4V steels by tests of small specimens, since the 2.25Cr-1Mo-1/4V steel substantially retains hydrogen for its lowest diffnsion coefficient. The degree of hydrogen embrittlement is higher at room temperature for both steels.
Material Consumption and Crosstalk Characteristics of Different Holographic Storage Concepts (2009)

Holographic data storage is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for high-capacity data storage. Several holographic concepts have been suggested and investigated in detail by many companies. The concepts differ in the method of superposing object and reference beams inside the holographic medium. At present, the most relevant concepts are the plane wave concept, the collinear concept, and a concept with counterpropagating beams. We compare all three concepts, with regard to their beam overlap, efficiency of material consumption, diffraction efficiency, and crosstalk characteristics. The investigation is performed by numerical simulations, which offer well-defined conditions in all setups and are independent of experimental uncertainties such as the nonlinear behavior of medium sensitivity and the effects of light scattering or reflection.
Role of Glutamine and Its Analogs in Posttraumatic Muscle Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism (1990)

Skeletal muscle protein catabolism following trauma has until recently not been possible to counteract by intravenous nutritional means. The obligatory loss of nitrogen with concomitant reduction of skeletal muscle protein synthesis is also accompanied by a decrease of muscle free glutamine, the extent of which is proportional to the muscle protein catabolism. Serving as a human model of surgical trauma, patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy were given total parenteral nutrition including additions of either glutamine or its analogs (ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate, or alanylglutamine) during 3 postoperative days. The polyribosome concentration and the intracellular glutamine concentration in skeletal muscle, as well as nitrogen balance, showed a less pronounced skeletal muscle catabolism in these groups than when conventional total parenteral nutrition was given. It is concluded that a support of either glutamine or its carbon skeleton, alpha-ketoglutarate, counteracts the postoperative fall of muscle free glutamine and of muscle protein synthesis. Furthermore, statistical correlations could be shown between the changes of muscle glutamine and muscle protein synthesis and the postoperative nitrogen losses.
Enhancing Nursing Staffing Forecasting With Safety Stock Over Lead Time Modeling (2015)

In balancing competing priorities, it is essential that nursing staffing provide enough nurses to safely and effectively care for the patients. Mathematical models to predict optimal "safety stocks" have been routine in supply chain management for many years but have up to now not been applied in nursing workforce management. There are various aspects that exhibit similarities between the 2 disciplines, such as an evolving demand forecast according to acuity and the fact that provisioning "stock" to meet demand in a future period has nonzero variable lead time. Under assumptions about the forecasts (eg, the demand process is well fit as an autoregressive process) and about the labor supply process (≥1 shifts' lead time), we show that safety stock over lead time for such systems is effectively equivalent to the corresponding well-studied problem for systems with stationary demand bounds and base stock policies. Hence, we can apply existing models from supply chain analytics to find the optimal safety levels of nurse staffing. We use a case study with real data to demonstrate that there are significant benefits from the inclusion of the forecast process when determining the optimal safety stocks.
<title>Novel techniques in fabricating more efficient and brighter organic electroluminescent devices</title> (1997)

In this paper, we present two techniques for fabricating efficient and bright organic light emitting devices. The first technique allows for an enhancement in the electron injection process. This is accomplished through inserting a layer of LiF with appropriate thickness between the cathode and a quinacridone doped organic layer. Devices with an Al/LiF cathode demonstrated a luminance in excess of 20,000 cd/m<sup>2</sup> and an external quantum efficiency of 3 percent, which is comparable to devices with a Mg/LiF cathode. These devices show maximum luminance of 45,000 cd/m<sup>2</sup> prior to failure in continuous bias operation. In the second technique, partially ionized beam deposition was utilized in the fabrication process of organic electroluminescent devices. Preliminary results indicate that devices fabricated with this technique are more efficient and brighter than similar devices fabricated with the traditional thermal evaporation process.