gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction in Albuminuria Translates to Reduction in Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients (2005)

Few data are available to clarify whether changes in albuminuria over time translate to changes in cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to examine whether changes in albuminuria during 4.8 years of antihypertensive treatment were related to changes in risk in 8206 patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured at baseline and annually. Time-varying albuminuria was closely related to risk for the primary composite end point (ie, when UACR decreased during treatment, risk was reduced accordingly). When the population was divided according to median baseline value (1.21 mg/mmol) and median year 1 UACR (0.67 mg/mmol), risk increased stepwise and significantly for the primary composite end point from those with low baseline/low year 1 (5.5%), to low baseline/high year 1 (8.6%), to high baseline/low year 1 (9.4%), and to high baseline/high year 1 (13.5%) values. Similar significant, stepwise increases in risk were seen for the components of the primary composite end point (cardiovascular mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction). The observation that changes in UACR during antihypertensive treatment over time translated to changes in risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was not explained by in-treatment level of blood pressure. We propose that monitoring of albuminuria should be an integrated part of the management of hypertension. If albuminuria is not decreased by the patient's current antihypertensive and other treatment, further intervention directed toward blood pressure control and other modifiable risks should be considered.
Exosomal microRNA in serum is a novel biomarker of recurrence in human colorectal cancer (2015)

Abundant expression of exosomal miR-19a in serum was identified as a prognostic biomarker for recurrence in CRC patients.
Specific Fabry–Perot resonant transmission property of graphene-dielectric multilayered hyperbolic metamaterials (2020)

We theoretically investigate the characteristics of the multilayered hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) composed of graphene and discuss the transmission properties from another angle of Fabry–Perot (F–P) resonance analysis. Dispersion characteristics of graphene-dielectric multilayered hyperbolic metamaterials (GDM HMMs) can be adjusted by changing the chemical potential of graphene. Transfer matrix method is improved to adapt the condition of large tangential vectors, and transmission properties are analyzed numerically. Calculated results indicate that dielectric material and graphene codetermine the dispersion properties of the HMMs, and the optical properties can be dynamically adjusted due to the introduction of graphene. Transmission spectra exhibit F–P resonance properties and discussions prove the validity of the F–P cavity theory. However, the transmission characteristics of GDM HMMs are different from the phenomena and laws of the traditional F–P cavity. Further analysis reveals that the mechanism originates from the contribution of graphene and high-<italic>k</italic> waves in HMMs. We present an innovative perspective for investigating and understanding transmission properties of GDM HMMs and provide references for design of HMMs and other related photonic devices.
Systematic review: are probiotics useful in controlling gastric colonization by <i>Helicobacter pylori?</i> (2006)

Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent pathogen considered as an aetiological factor for gastroduodenal ulcers, and a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma in humans. Most subjects colonized by this micro-organism are asymptomatic and remain untreated. In symptomatic patients, the antibiotic treatment has a high cost and is not 100% effective because of resistance to antibiotics and to moderate patient compliance. This review discusses the role of probiotics as alternative solutions to assist in the control of H. pylori colonization in at-risk populations. The evidence that some strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are able to inhibit H. pylori growth through the release of bacteriocins or organic acids, and may also decrease its adhesion to epithelial cells, is reviewed. In addition, probiotics have a possible role in the stabilization of the gastric barrier function and the decrease of mucosal inflammation. Other aspects that are considered are the contribution of probiotics to the healing of the gastric mucosa linked to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical trials in colonized adults and children are reviewed, and suggest that probiotics do not eradicate H. pylori but maintain lower levels of this pathogen in the stomach; in combination with antibiotics, probiotics may increase eradication rate and/or decrease adverse effects. Papers suggesting similar effects on H. pylori by foodstuffs such as berry juice and some milk proteins are quoted. Regular intake of these and other dietary products might constitute a low-cost, large-scale alternative solution applicable for populations at-risk for H. pylori colonization.
Reducing Operand Communication Overhead using Instruction Clustering for Multimedia Application (2006)

As technology trends yield shorter cycle times and larger, wider datapaths in architectures for multimedia systems, global broadcast networks for operand communication are becoming a major bottleneck in processor performance. New low latency operand transport techniques are needed. This paper proposes and evaluates lower cost mechanisms than traditional bypass networks, exploiting regular operand distribution patterns in multimedia applications. To reduce latency associated with operand movement within a datapath, our mechanism, called dynamic instruction clustering, groups chains of dependent instructions within a basic block at runtime, identifies intermediate value transportation, and schedules it on networked ALUs which are connected by a local dedicated network. By converting global communication into local, the transport latency can be minimized and the critical path of the application code can be executed in consecutive, shortened cycles, resulting in improved performance. We demonstrated that 28% and 30% of total dependence edges residing in the instruction window can be localized on 8 and 16-way machines, respectively. Our results show that the overall performance gains over a wide range of multimedia applications are 16% for 8-way and 35% for 16-way on average.
The nucleotde sequence of the<i>rho</i>gene of<i>E. coli</i>K-12 (1983)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the rho gene which encodes the E. coli K-12 transcription termination factor. The structural gene was located on a cloned 3.6 kilobase BglII-HindIII restriction fragment by the introduction of the insertion element gamma delta and analysis of the recombinant plasmids by restriction analysis and in maxicells. The coding region consists of 1260 nucleotides directing the synthesis of a polypeptide 419 amino acids in length with a calculated molecular weight of 46,094. The deduced amino acid composition, amino-terminal protein sequence and calculated molecular weight are consistent with the data from the analysis of purified rho protein (16). We have shown that the rho genes from E. coli K-12, B and C strains are located on PvuII-HindIII fragments of the same size by hybridization to the rho (K-12) coding sequences.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agro-Ecosystems and Their Contribution to Environmental Change in the Indus Basin of Pakistan (2008)

There is growing concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been responsible for global warming through their effect on radiation balance and temperature. The magnitude of emissions and the relative importance of diffierent sources vary widely, regionally and locally. The Indus Basin of Pakistan is the food basket of the country and agricultural activities are vulnerable to the effects of global warming due to accelerated emissions of GHGs. Many developments have taken place in the agricultural sector of Pakistan in recent decades in the background of the changing role of the government and the encouragement of the private sector for investment in new ventures. These interventions have considerable GHG emission potential. Unfortunately, no published information is currently available on GHG concentrations in the Indus Basin to assess their magnitude and emission trends. The present study is an attempt to estimate GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O) emissions arising from diffierent agro-ecosystems of Indus Basin. The GHGs were estimated mostly using the IPCC Guidelines and data from the published literature. The results showed that CH4 emissions were the highest (4.126 Tg yr-1) followed by N2O (0.265 Tg yr-1) and CO2 (52.6 Tg yr-1). The sources of CH4 are enteric fermentation, rice cultivation and cultivation of other crops. N2O is formed by microbial denitrification of NO3 produced from applied fertilizer-N on cropped soils or by mineralization of native organic matter on fallow soils. CO2 is formed by the burning of plant residue and by soil respiration due to the decomposition of soil organic matter.
Optimal Power Flow Management for Grid Connected PV Systems With Batteries (2011)

This paper presents an optimal power management mechanism for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems with storage. The objective is to help intensive penetration of PV production into the grid by proposing peak shaving service at the lowest cost. The structure of a power supervisor based on an optimal predictive power scheduling algorithm is proposed. Optimization is performed using Dynamic Programming and is compared with a simple ruled-based management. The particularity of this study remains first in the consideration of batteries ageing into the optimization process and second in the “day-ahead” approach of power management. Simulations and real conditions application are carried out over one exemplary day. In simulation, it points out that peak shaving is realized with the minimal cost, but especially that power fluctuations on the grid are reduced which matches with the initial objective of helping PV penetration into the grid. In real conditions, efficiency of the predictive schedule depends on accuracy of the forecasts, which leads to future works about optimal reactive power management.
Development, characterization, and modeling of environmentally friendly open‐cell acoustic foams (2013)

Abstract This study shows the development of new polymeric open‐cell foams from polypropylene (PP) and polylactide (PLA) resins with a focus on sound absorption properties and modeling of these foams. The objective is to develop new environmentally friendly foams to replace the existing non‐recyclable Polyurethane foams are currently used for sound insulation in industry. Through this research, open‐cell foams of about 90% porosity were fabricated from PP and PLA. These resins were selected since PP is a recyclable thermoplastic polymer, and PLA is a bio‐based thermoplastic polymer made from renewable resources. Polyurethane (PU) foam which is currently used for sound absorption and noise control in industry was compared to the fabricated PP and PLA foams. As the first attempt to fabricate environmentally friendly acoustic foams, the resulting foam structures show improved properties as compared to the existing materials. The average absorption of PP and PLA foams fabricated is in the range of 0.42–0.55 which is comparable or even higher than the average absorption of PU foam. To better understand the effect of structural and material properties on sound absorption and further improve the acoustic performance of bio‐based foams, an analytical model based on Johnson–Champoux–Allard model was used to numerically simulate the acoustic performance of foams under study. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Is Robustness the Cost of Accuracy? -- A Comprehensive Study on the Robustness of 18 Deep Image Classification Models (2018)

The prediction accuracy has been the long-lasting and sole standard for comparing the performance of different image classification models, including the ImageNet competition. However, recent studies have highlighted the lack of robustness in well-trained deep neural networks to adversarial examples. Visually imperceptible perturbations to natural images can easily be crafted and mislead the image classifiers towards misclassification. To demystify the trade-offs between robustness and accuracy, in this paper we thoroughly benchmark 18 ImageNet models using multiple robustness metrics, including the distortion, success rate and transferability of adversarial examples between 306 pairs of models. Our extensive experimental results reveal several new insights: (1) linear scaling law - the empirical $\ell_2$ and $\ell_\infty$ distortion metrics scale linearly with the logarithm of classification error; (2) model architecture is a more critical factor to robustness than model size, and the disclosed accuracy-robustness Pareto frontier can be used as an evaluation criterion for ImageNet model designers; (3) for a similar network architecture, increasing network depth slightly improves robustness in $\ell_\infty$ distortion; (4) there exist models (in VGG family) that exhibit high adversarial transferability, while most adversarial examples crafted from one model can only be transferred within the same family. Experiment code is publicly available at \url{https://github.com/huanzhang12/Adversarial_Survey}.
A Numerical Analysis of 3D EM Imaging from a Single Borehole (1999)

In this study we analyze the feasibility of three dimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) imaging from a single borehole. The proposed logging tool consists of three mutually orthogonal magnetic dipole sources and multiple three component magnetic field receivers. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the most important sensor configuration for providing 3D geological information about the borehole consists of a transmitter with moment aligned parallel to the axis of the borehole, and receivers aligned perpendicular to the axis. The standard coaxial logging configuration provides the greatest depth of sensitivity compared to other configurations, but offers no information regarding 3D structure. Two other tool configurations in which both the source and receiver are aligned perpendicular to the borehole axis provide some directional information and therefore better image resolution, but not true 3D information. A 3D inversion algorithm has been employed to demonstrate the plausibility of 3D inversion using data collected with the proposed logging tool. This study demonstrates that an increase in image resolution results when three orthogonal sources are incorporated into the logging tool rather than a single axially aligned source.
Blood DNA methylation as a potential biomarker of dementia: A systematic review (2017)

Dementia is a major public health issue with rising prevalence rates, but many individuals remain undiagnosed. Accurate and timely diagnosis is key for the optimal targeting of interventions. A noninvasive, easily measurable peripheral biomarker would have greatest utility in population-wide diagnostic screening. Epigenetics, including DNA methylation, is implicated in dementia; however, it is unclear whether epigenetic changes can be detected in peripheral tissue. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for an association between dementia and peripheral DNA methylation. Forty-eight studies that measured DNA methylation in peripheral blood were identified, and 67% reported significant associations with dementia. However, most studies were underpowered and limited by their case-control design. We emphasize the need for future longitudinal studies on large well-characterized populations, measuring epigenetic patterns in asymptomatic individuals. A biomarker detectable in the preclinical stages of the disease would have the greatest utility in future intervention and treatment trials.
Syndromes of Glucocorticoid Resistance (1993)

Glucocorticoid resistance results from the partial, albeit apparently generalized, inability of glucocorticoids to exert their effects on target tissues. The condition is associated with compensatory increases in circulating pituitary corticotropin and cortisol, with the former causing excess secretion of both adrenal androgens and adrenal steroid biosynthesis intermediates with salt-retaining activity. The manifestations of glucocorticoid resistance vary from chronic fatigue (perhaps a result of glucocorticoid deficiency in the central nervous system) to various degrees of hypertension with or without hypokalemic alkalosis or hyperandrogenism, or both, caused by increased cortisol and other salt-retaining steroids and adrenal androgens, respectively. In women, hyperandrogenism can result in acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, oligoanovulation, and infertility; in men, it may lead to infertility and in children, to precocious puberty. Different molecular defects, such as point mutations or a microdeletion of the highly conserved glucocorticoid receptor gene, alter the functional characteristics or concentrations of the intracellular receptor and appear to cause glucocorticoid resistance. The extreme variability in the clinical manifestations of glucocorticoid resistance and its mimicry of many common diseases can be explained by the overall degree of glucocorticoid resistance, differing sensitivity of target tissues to mineralocorticoids or androgens or both, and perhaps different biochemical defects of the glucocorticoid receptor, with selective resistance of certain glucocorticoid responses in specific tissues. The various different symptoms of classic glucocorticoid resistance and the theoretical potential of this condition to appear surreptitiously emphasize the importance of the glucocorticoid receptor in the pathogenesis of human disease.
Self-Treatment of Acute Migraine with Subcutaneous Sumatriptan Using an Auto-Injector Device: Comparison With Customary Treatment in An Open, Longitudinal Study (1994)

In a multicenter open longitudinal clinical trial where 479 patients suffering from migraine with or without aura were recruited, patients treated at home one to three migraine attacks with their customary treatment, and subsequently, over a 3-month period, one to three migraine attacks with 6 mg sumatriptan sc using an autoinjector. The headache response to customary treatment was 19% at 1 h and 30.5% at 2 h, and was not significantly different when only attacks treated "adequately" according to accepted treatment recommendations were considered: 16% at 1 h and 35% at 2 h. In contrast, 69% and 82% of patients treated with 6 mg sumatriptan sc had mild headache or no headache at 1 and 2 h respectively, regardless of migraine type or duration of symptoms prior to treatment. Other migraine symptoms (nausea, vomiting, photo- and phonophobia) were effectively treated with sumatriptan. Recurrence of migraine was observed in 31% of patients and was well controlled by a second injection of sumatriptan. It is concluded that 6 mg sumatriptan sc, self-administered using an autoinjector, is well tolerated and more effective than most currently used acute treatments for migraine in a population of severely affected patients consulting a neurologist.
Magnetic ordering in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Gb</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.94</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.06</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>9</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>below the superconducting transition temperature (1987)

A coexistence of magnetic ordering and superconductivity has been found in $\mathrm{Gb}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{({\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.94}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.06})}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{9\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ at 4.2 K. The magnetic ordering is seen in the Fe moments using M\"ossbauer spectroscopy. The small Fe percentage was chosen to enable us to probe the crystalline and magnetic environment of an isolated Fe ion. Possible mechanisms responsible for the establishment of the magnetic order and its nature are discussed.
Competitive Hopfield Network Combined With Estimation of Distribution for Maximum Diversity Problems (2009)

This paper presents a discrete competitive Hopfield neural network (HNN) (DCHNN) based on the estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) for the maximum diversity problem. In order to overcome the local minimum problem of DCHNN, the idea of EDA is combined with DCHNN. Once the network is trapped in local minima, the perturbation based on EDA can generate a new starting point for DCHNN for further search. It is expected that the further search is guided to a promising area by the probability model. Thus, the proposed algorithm can escape from local minima and further search better results. The proposed algorithm is tested on 120 benchmark problems with the size ranging from 100 to 5000. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than the other improved DCHNN such as multistart DCHNN and DCHNN with random flips and is better than or competitive with metaheuristic algorithms such as tabu-search-based algorithms and greedy randomized adaptive search procedure algorithms.
Continuous Hydrolysis of Olive Oil by Lipase in Microporous Hydrophobic Hollow Fiber Bioreactor (1985)

Journal Article Continuous Hydrolysis of Olive Oil by Lipase in Microporous Hydrophobic Hollow Fiber Bioreactor Get access Mohammad Mozammel Hoq, Mohammad Mozammel Hoq Laboratory of Bioreaction Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Miyuki Koike, Miyuki Koike Laboratory of Bioreaction Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tsuneo Yamane, Tsuneo Yamane Laboratory of Bioreaction Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shoichi Shimizu Shoichi Shimizu Laboratory of Bioreaction Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 11, 1 November 1985, Pages 3171–3178, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867235 Published: 01 November 1985 Article history Received: 19 March 1985 Published: 01 November 1985