gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bridge Retrofit Laser System (2012)

This project has developed an advanced laser measurement system to accelerate the bridge retrofit process in order to reduce the time between identification of repair needs to resumption of service for a bridge. A unique laser system precisely measures sections of a bridge structure involved in a retrofit process. Measurements are processed to produce computer-aided design (CAD) drawings of needed retrofit parts that can be automatically sent to a fabricator. The system uses a laser measurement system with features that cannot be found in other commercially available equipment. These features allow the system to provide data that is much more accurate than conventional methods and allows completely new types of information to be collected.
Intraarterielle Diagnostik der Riesenzellarteriitis (2009)

Ziele: Minimal-invasive Biopsie einer Vaskulitis und Bestimmung der Krankheitsaktivität bei Patienten mit extrakraniell manifestierter Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA). Methode: Bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf RZA (n=3) erfolgte vor PTA hochgradiger Stenosen der A. axillaris und A. brachialis in diesen Gefäßen die intraluminäre Biopsie mittels Atherektomie (n=2) oder die zytologische Untersuchung mittels Bürstenabrasion (n=1). Zum Vergleich wurde bei Patienten mit Arteriosklerose (n=3) vor PTA die Bürstenabrasion in Stenosen der A. femoralis superficialis durchgeführt. Die Biopsate wurden histologisch auf Zeichen einer floriden oder abgelaufenen Vaskulitis (lymphohistiozytäre Infiltrate, Riesenzellen, Destruktion elastischer Fasern, Intimafibrose) untersucht. Zur Charakterisierung der durch
Role of antibody to leukocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin and to filamentous hemagglutinin in immunity to pertussis (1981)

Gamma globulins were obtained from rabbits hyperimmunized with the filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) or the leukocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin (LPF.HA) of Bordetella pertussis. Double immunodiffusion analyses showed the antibodies to be highly specific for the homologous antigen. Intraperitoneal injection of anti-FHA or anti-LPF.HA into 10-day-old ICR mice 30 min before aerosol challenge with B. pertussis protected the mice from disease as evidenced by survival and a normal rate of gain in body weight. Both anti-LPF.HA and anti-FHA enhanced the clearance of B. pertussis from the lung and prevented leukocytosis which normally occurs after aerosol infection of mice with B. pertussis. Anti-LPF.HA, but not anti-FHA, neutralized the leukocytosis-promoting and histamine-sensitizing activities of LPF.HA when incubated with the purified protein in vitro. Anti-FHA, but not anti-LPF.HA, prevented the attachment of B. pertussis to mammalian cells (HeLa and Vero) in culture.
Self-aligned tungsten strapped source/drain and gate technology realizing the lowest sheet resistance for sub-quarter micron CMOS (2002)

This paper describes a self-aligned tungsten strapped source/drain and gate with the lowest sheet resistance for subquarter micron CMOS. Vapor HF selective etching was applied for grooved gate structure fabrication. Selective tungsten chemical vapor deposition (W-CVD) with high pressure nucleation step was applied to fabricate tungsten strapped CMOS with recessed tungsten on poly-Si gate. The sheet resistances of 0.125 /spl mu/m wide gate and 0.25 /spl mu/m wide diffusion layer were 0.9 /spl Omega/sq. and 1.8 /spl Omega/sq. for NMOS and PMOS, respectively. This is the lowest among reported values. By using this technology, 0.22 /spl mu/m tungsten strapped CMOS was successfully fabricated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BERA as a screerning tool for evaluating cases of SNHL due to suspected retrocochlear pathology (2021)

Background: BERA is an objective study for assessing hearing loss on patients with inconsistent responses on pure tone audiogram. BERA is a non-invasive and the most cost-effective method for diagnosing retrocochlear lesion, not affected by sedation, anesthesia or age. Which helps to identify retrocochlear hearing loss. BERA is most accurate and sensitive for diagnosis of lesions in VIII nerve and auditory pathway in brainstem, especially in adults. Objectives: Screening tool for evaluating cases of sensorineural hearing loss due to suspected retrocochlear pathology. Objective test in cases of inconsistent response for pure tone audiometry. Role in evaluating brainstem lesions. Method and Aim: This is a cross sectional prospective cohortHospital based study, review of 50 patient subjected to BERA for SNHL in any age group referred to department of ENT Vijayanagara institute of medical sciences, Bellary. We aim to find Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) andits applications in ENT. Result: In this study threshold and latency measures were obtained from 50 cases (100 ears) by brainstem evoked response audiometry. No restrictions were imposed on age, sex, degree of hearing loss, or audiometric configuration. The data was analyzed separately for pediatric age group (36 cases) and adults(16 cases). out of 36 pediatric cases screened 15 cases (41.7%) had normal hearing in 13 cases had profound hearing loss without any risk factors. 6 cases ( 16.7 %) hearing loss due meningitis. 2 cases (5.6%) hearing loss due to neonatal jaundice. In adult age group (14 cases) BERA was done to identify cases of retocochlear pathology and in cases of threshold estimation of hearing. Conclusion: BERA can be used to screen retrocochlear pathologies as seen in our study. Patients with hearing loss with tinnitus and giddiness screened and BERA performed had grossly degraded wave with identification of only wave I and absence of other waves and increased latencies and interaural difference in wave latencies suggests lesion in the auditory pathway. Depending on the absence of specific wave site of the lesion can also be made out. In our study 3 cases of retrocochlear pathology previously confirmed by MRI was taken and BERA was performed showing presence of only wave I and absence of remaining waves. BERA is screening test and should be confirmed by MRI.
Limiting and overlimiting conductance in field-effect gated nanopores (2010)

Numerical modeling of the coupled ionic and fluidic transport in field-effect gated nanopores reveals highly nonlinear current-voltage characteristics, including cross-over, rectification, and particularly limiting and overlimiting conductance. The limiting and overlimiting characteristics are shown to be greatly enhanced by the inherently coupled fluid flow and correlate with electrokinetic phenomena such as concentration polarization and vortex formation. The underlying reason for the observed nonlinear characteristics is explained by considering the symmetry properties of the electrical biasing.
A Novel Quantum Key Distribution Protocol on 4-dimensional Hilbert Space (2008)

A novel quantum key distribution protocol is proposed in this paper,by constructing three different types of measurement bases.Such unusual construction guarantees that all possible errors occurred on two qubits can be detected,and provides the unconditional security proof.The most distinguishable advantage of the QKD protocol is saving a great amount of quantum and classical communications.
叔本华的《世界是意志和表象》述评 (1982)

本文试图粗略地介绍一下《世界是意志和表象》的内容,为此必须再次指出一点:叔本华的论证理智相对于意志是次要的,是服务性的,两者相互充满痛苦的矛盾关系的学说,在叔本华身上,就经受了一个十分类似的证明,因为他的整个思维方式就产生于他那根深蒂固的(理智与意志的)冲突性。他的生活的基本痛苦在于他那天赋的冲突的不可解决;这一生活的痛苦由于对所有外在痛苦的不可克
Media bias detection and bias short term impact assessment (2020)

Today, media outlets are known to report news in a biased way, potentially affecting the beliefs of news consumers and altering their behaviors. Therefore, tracking bias in everyday news and building a platform where people can receive neutral and unequivocal news information is important. This research investigates media outlets for subjectivity versus objectivity by examining reported news events from their Twitter handles. The study subsequently proceeds to show how such subjective news articles program news consumers and condition their opinions. Eventually, a system which aids the detection of alarming biases in media is proposed through a unique bias short-term impact score calculation mechanism. With reference to a real-world event, ‘Demonetization in India’, a significant fraction of news tweets is found to be subjective in nature which are further observed as opinion conditioning agents for their consumers. Alarming biases are then detected in tweets in comparison with a neutral baseline.
BTP: A Bedtime Predicting Algorithm via Smartphone Screen Status (2018)

For smartphone service providers, it is of vital importance to recognize characteristics of customers. The process of recognizing these characteristics is generally referred to as user profile, which provides knowledge basis for business decisions, enables intelligent services, and brings unique competitiveness. As a basic component of user profile, bedtime could reflect lifestyle, health condition, and occupation of people. This paper presents a flexible algorithm named BTP (Bedtime Prediction), which is designed for predicting wake time and bedtime by analysing screen status of smartphone. BTP first collects screen status log data of user’s smartphone and conducts preprocessing with a series of auxiliary user profiles. Then, it detects and records users’ wake time and bedtime of one day by searching and combining major screen extinguish periods in the past 24 hours. Finally, BTP predicts future bedtime by matching current screen status sequence with all historical records. By applying BTP, most of night and morning scenario‐based applications could provide more considerate services, rather than following fixed execution time like alarm clock. Experiments on practical applications prove that BTP can effectively predict wake time and bedtime without applying complicated machine learning algorithms or uploading data to server.
Função pulmonar em paciente com escoliose (2009)

A função respiratória tende a se alterar em indivíduos com escoliose grave, pois ocorrem alterações das funções óssea e muscular que participam da mecânica respiratória. Para avaliar a função respiratória, a espirometria é o exame mais utilizado, com ele obtêm-se valores das capacidades e volumes pulmonares. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a função pulmonar e o grau de escoliose em um indivíduo portador de escoliose grave. Realizaram-se exames radiográficos e espirométricos em um voluntário portador de escoliose grave côncava de 52º à direita, não fumante e sem patologias respiratórias. Na PFP, identificou-se um distúrbio misto (restritivo-obstrutivo), com diminuição de todos os parâmetros espirométricos, o que leva a crer que a deformidade torácica causada pela escoliose, nesse indivíduo, pode ter desencadeado alterações na sua função respiratória.
Delineation of discrete domains for substrate, cocaine, and tricyclic antidepressant interactions using chimeric dopamine-norepinephrine transporters. (1994)

Neurotransmitter transporters determine the intensity and duration of signal transduction by controlling the rapid removal of transmitter molecules from the synaptic cleft. The importance of their function is further reflected by the medical and social implications of compounds that inhibit their activity such as the antidepressants and cocaine. Molecular characterization of these transporters has revealed that they are members of a large family of membrane proteins with 12 putative transmembrane domains. However, little information exists as to whether discrete domains of these proteins mediate the various defined functions of these transporters. In this study, we constructed a series of chimeras between two structurally related but pharmacologically distinct transporters, the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. The properties of these chimeric transporters suggest that distinct regions of these molecules determine these individual functions. Regions from the amino-terminal through the first five transmembrane domains are likely to be involved in the uptake mechanisms and ionic dependence. Regions within transmembrane domains 6-8 determine tricyclic antidepressant binding and cocaine interactions, whereas the carboxyl-terminal region encompassing transmembrane domain 9 through the COOH-terminal tail appears to be responsible for the stereoselectivity and high affinity for substrates. The dissociation of the substrate uptake and cocaine binding properties of these transporters further raises the possibility that antagonists of cocaine action devoid of uptake blockade activity might be developed for the clinical management of cocaine addiction.
A Live-Attenuated HSV-2 ICP0− Virus Elicits 10 to 100 Times Greater Protection against Genital Herpes than a Glycoprotein D Subunit Vaccine (2011)

Glycoprotein D (gD-2) is the entry receptor of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), and is the immunogen in the pharmaceutical industry's lead HSV-2 vaccine candidate. Efforts to prevent genital herpes using gD-2 subunit vaccines have been ongoing for 20 years at a cost in excess of $100 million. To date, gD-2 vaccines have yielded equivocal protection in clinical trials. Therefore, using a small animal model, we sought to determine if a live-attenuated HSV-2 ICP0⁻ virus would elicit better protection against genital herpes than a gD-2 subunit vaccine. Mice immunized with gD-2 and a potent adjuvant (alum+monophosphoryl lipid A) produced high titers of gD-2 antibody. While gD-2-immunized mice possessed significant resistance to HSV-2, only 3 of 45 gD-2-immunized mice survived an overwhelming challenge of the vagina or eyes with wild-type HSV-2 (MS strain). In contrast, 114 of 115 mice immunized with a live HSV-2 ICP0⁻ virus, 0ΔNLS, survived the same HSV-2 MS challenges. Likewise, 0ΔNLS-immunized mice shed an average 125-fold less HSV-2 MS challenge virus per vagina relative to gD-2-immunized mice. In vivo imaging demonstrated that a luciferase-expressing HSV-2 challenge virus failed to establish a detectable infection in 0ΔNLS-immunized mice, whereas the same virus readily infected naïve and gD-2-immunized mice. Collectively, these results suggest that a HSV-2 vaccine might be more likely to prevent genital herpes if it contained a live-attenuated HSV-2 virus rather than a single HSV-2 protein.
2: Obtaining consent in wound care: what are the key issues? (2002)

When undertaking a therapeutic intervention, healthcare professionals must ensure that they receive informed consent from the patient in order to protect both the individual and themselves.
Automated functional test case synthesis from THALES industrial requirements (2004)

Test case generation and specification validation are essential concerns for the software industry in its continuous search for productivity improvement and quality mastering. We present the approach developed in the MUTATION project for functional test case synthesis in the THALES industrial context. A two-step approach is proposed, which automates most of the process in a continuous way. The first step consists in expressing the requirements in the requirements description language (RDL) textual formalism and completing, disambiguating and validating them through simulation. Test objectives are then automatically derived from the RDL formalisation. The second step synthesises functional test cases through combining the test objectives produced at step 1 and symbolic path computation on a UML detailed design model of the application, using the academic tool AGATHA (French acronym for toolset dedicated to automatic test generation for automata based specification). Test cases are produced through selecting symbolic behaviour paths that match the test objectives, applying a constraint solver to generate numeric tests. This approach is based on three innovations that are the core of this work: 1) definition of an appropriate language and a related methodology to define the test requirements; 2) symbolic execution on a UML action language; 3) combination of test objectives and symbolic execution to synthesize functional test cases.
Axial Eye Growth and Refractive Error Development Can Be Modified by Exposing the Peripheral Retina to Relative Myopic or Hyperopic Defocus (2014)

Eye growth and refractive state can be manipulated by altering peripheral retinal defocus. Imposing peripheral hyperopic defocus produces axial myopia, whereas peripheral myopic defocus produces axial hyperopia. The effects are smaller than using single-vision contact lenses that impose full-field defocus, but support the use of bifocal or multifocal contact lenses as an effective treatment for myopia control.
The Mechanism of Selective Purine C-Nitration Revealed:  NMR Studies Demonstrate Formation and Radical Rearrangement of an N7-Nitramine Intermediate (2005)

Modified purine derivatives are of great importance in biomedical sciences, and substitution reactions on the purine skeleton are intensively studied. In our laboratory, an efficient and selective purine C2-nitration reaction was developed using a mixture of tetrabutylammonium nitrate and trifluoroacetic anhydride. The resulting 2-nitro moiety appeared to be a versatile handle to introduce a variety of pharmacophores onto the purine skeleton. Since the mechanism of this selective purine C2-nitration reaction has remained unclear, we now present an extensive NMR study leading to its elucidation, using N9-Boc-protected 6-chloropurine as a model compound. Direct electrophilic aromatic nitration of the highly electron-deficient C2 position was excluded, and we demonstrate that this reaction occurs in a three-step process. Electrophilic attack by trifluoroacetyl nitrate on the purine N7 position results in a nitrammonium species that is trapped by a trifluoroacetate anion furnishing N7-nitramine intermediate 11. This intermediate was characterized at -50 degrees C by (1)H, (13)C, (15)N, and (19)F NMR. At T > -40 degrees C, the N7-nitramine intermediate undergoes a nitramine rearrangement, which generates a C2-nitro species that immediately eliminates TFA to give 2-nitro-6-chloro-9-Boc purine 10. The involvement of radicals during the nitramine rearrangement was unequivocally established by (15)N-CIDNP. Moreover, the emission signal observed for the rearranged product, 2-nitropurine 10, showed that it is primarily formed in an intermolecular process. A quantitative radical trapping experiment finally disclosed that 65-70% of the nitramine rearrangement takes place intermolecularly.
The human X chromosome is enriched for germline genes expressed in premeiotic germ cells of both sexes (2006)

The role of X-chromosomal genes in spermatogenesis has been subject to a number of studies in different organisms. Recently, it was proposed that the X chromosome has a predominant role in premeiotic stages of mammalian spermatogenesis. We analyzed the expression of a representative set of 17 X-linked and 48 autosomal germline-restricted genes in different stages of human germ cell development. In accordance with data from other species, we show that the human X chromosome is indeed significantly enriched for genes activated in premeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. In contrast to recent studies, however, we found that expression of these genes is not restricted to spermatogenesis, but is activated in oogenesis as well. Furthermore, we show that activation of this subset of genes merely depends on demethylation of their promoter regions. Moreover, our data suggest that genes activated in premeiotic stages of gametogenesis are sex-indifferent and are regulated by DNA methylation. Gene activation patterns involved in spermatocyte-specific differentiation, in contrast, appear to be initiated not before entry into meiosis and underlie a more complex regulation, presumably involving specific transcription factors and/or chromatin remodeling mechanisms.
A study of oxygen transfer in shake flasks using a non‐invasive oxygen sensor (2003)

We describe a study of oxygen transfer in shake flasks using a non-invasive optical sensor. This study investigates the effect of different plugs, presence of baffles, and the type of media on the dissolved oxygen profiles during Escherichia coli fermentation. We measured the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k(L)a) under various conditions and also the resistances of the various plugs. Finally, we compared shake flask k(L)a with that from a stirred tank fermentor. By matching k(L)a's we were able to obtain similar growth and recombinant protein product formation kinetics in both a fermentor and a shake flask. These results provide a quantitative comparison of fermentations in a shake flask vs. a bench-scale fermentor and should be valuable in guiding scale-up efforts.
A High-Throughput Maximum<i>a Posteriori</i>Probability Detector (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a maximum <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">a posteriori</emphasis> probability (MAP) detector, based on a forward-only algorithm that can achieve high throughputs. The MAP algorithm is optimal in terms of bit error rate (BER) performance and, with Turbo processing, can approach performance close to the channel capacity limit. The implementation benefits from optimizations performed at both algorithm and circuit level. The proposed detector utilizes a deep-pipelined architecture implemented in skew-tolerant domino and experimentally measured results verify the detector can achieve throughputs greater than 750 Mb/s while consuming 2.4 W. The 16-state EEPR4 channel detector is implemented in a 0.13<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\ \mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex> </formula> CMOS technology and has a core area of 7.1 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$</tex></formula>. </para>
Surface-energy-driven secondary grain growth in ultrathin (&lt;100 nm) films of silicon (1984)

Growth of grains with sizes many times (&gt;50×) larger than the film thickness and with uniform (111) texture, has been achieved in ultrathin (&lt;100 nm) films of Si on SiO2. Growth of these secondary grains is driven by minimization of anisotropic surface energy. As a result, the secondary grain growth rate increases with decreasing film thickness. The time required for growth of large secondary grains decreases with increasing temperature.
PSCAD/EMTDC based dynamic modeling and analysis of a variable speed wind turbine (2004)

The paper presents dynamic modeling and simulation of a grid connected variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) using PSCAD/EMTDC, a widely used power system transient analysis tool. A variable speed wind generator with power electronics interface is modeled for dynamic simulation analysis. Component models and equations are addressed and their incorporations into the EMTDC are provided. Controllable power inverter strategies are intended for capturing the maximum power under variable speed operation and maintaining reactive power generation at a predetermined level for constant power factor control or voltage regulation control. The component models and control schemes are constructed by user-define function provided in the simulation program. Simulation case studies provide the variable speed wind generator dynamic performance for changes in wind speed. This modeling work can be employed to evaluate impacts on power grid as well as the control scheme and output performance of a variable speed wind power system at the design state.