gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of chemically derived mono- and few-atomic-layer boron nitride sheets (2008)

We prepared mono- and few-layer hexagonal boron nitride sheets by a chemical-solution-derived method starting from single-crystalline hexagonal boron nitride. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron-energy-loss spectrometry, we characterized the microstructure, composition, and near-edge fine structure of the boron nitride sheets. We conclude that the fringe contrast in the edge and the moiré patterns are feasible criteria for determining the number of layers and their stacking orientation in the sheets. These criteria are also useful for other mono- and few-layer materials, such as graphene sheets.
Nuclear Factor-κB Modulation in Patients Undergoing Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2008)

These results show the feasibility of NF-kappaB modulation in conjunction with induction chemotherapy for patients with AML using inexpensive readily available medications. A follow-up study to determine the effects of NF-kappaB modulation on clinical end points is warranted.
MEMS modular packaging and interfaces (2000)

Many industrial branches other than automotive industry may benefit from MEMS technology. Most of them require custom-designed MEMS in mid-scale volumes, which are at present not available at acceptable costs. A modular MEMS packaging and interface concept may contribute to less costly solutions with faster time to market. A 3D stackable packaging concept, the Top-Bottom Ball Grid Array TB-BGA, which includes electric, fluidic, optic, and communication interfaces, is proposed. Several realization technologies (LTCC, 3D-BGA, StackPack) as well as first applications are discussed.
TFEB at a glance (2016)

The transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of basic cellular processes, such as lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. The subcellular localization and activity of TFEB are regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated phosphorylation, which occurs at the lysosomal surface. Phosphorylated TFEB is retained in the cytoplasm, whereas dephosphorylated TFEB translocates to the nucleus to induce the transcription of target genes. Thus, a lysosome-to-nucleus signaling pathway regulates cellular energy metabolism through TFEB. Recently, in vivo studies have revealed that TFEB is also involved in physiological processes, such as lipid catabolism. TFEB has attracted a lot of attention owing to its ability to induce the intracellular clearance of pathogenic factors in a variety of murine models of disease, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, suggesting that novel therapeutic strategies could be based on the modulation of TFEB activity. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we present an overview of the latest research on TFEB function and its implication in human diseases.
Cocaine Abuse among Opioid Addicts: Demographic and Diagnostic Factors in Treatment (1986)

Cocaine is becoming a major drug of abuse among the general population and among opiate addicts. Reports from the early 1970s found that most abusers were older Black males with some antisocial characteristics. Cocaine abuse at that time was reported by about 17% of opiate addicts seeking treatment and by 7 to 11% of ex-addicts on methadone maintenance. However, that rate increased dramatically during the 1970s, and in our 1980 study of 533 addicts we found that 74% of opiate addicts applying for treatment used cocaine. It was the second most abused nonopioid drug after marijuana, surpassing alcohol intoxication. Although the mean number of days of abuse over the previous 30 days was substantially lower among the addicts on our methadone maintenance program (mean = 1.4 days, n = 120) than among the addicts applying for treatment (mean = 9 days, n = 204), the following associations with cocaine abuse were consistent in both subsamples. Cocaine abuse was more frequent among Blacks. It was associated with a variety of antisocial indices including Research Diagnostic Criteria antisocial personality disorder, number of arrests, and legal, family, employment, and drug abuse problems as assessed by the Addiction Severity Index and the Social Adjustment Scale. Several differences emerged between Black and White cocaine-abusing addicts, the most interesting being an increased rate of anxiety disorders among White cocaine abusers. Based on these associations, we offer several guidelines for treating cocaine abuse in opiate addicts.
Redesigning Fracturing Fluids for Improving Reliability and Well Performance in Horizontal Tight Gas Shale Applications (2011)

Abstract Fracture stimulation is necessary in tight gas and shale formations to ensure commercial production volumes. Variations of slickwater are the predominant fluid used in shale stimulation because their low viscosity and relatively low costs. These stimulation treatments commonly use ceramic proppants or sand to create, develop and maintain the fracture network connectivity to the wellbore. Low viscosity fluids generate fractures of more narrow width and thereby, increased complexity of the created fracture network, which is thought to provide better stimulation of tight gas shales. However, proppant settling in low-viscosity fluid can reduce the chance of achieving optimal fracture conductivities. Friction reducers allow surface equipment to achieve high pump rates and fluid velocities that can overcome some proppant settling. High proppant concentrations during slickwater treatments tend to create settling and banking problems in surface equipment and in the horizontal wellbore. Conventional crosslink systems have been used to improve placement of the proppant by minimizing proppant settling. However, in addition to potential conductivity damage imparted by the conventional crosslinked fluids, the inherent high viscosity of such systems may significantly reduce the amount of desired fracture complexity created in the tight gas formations. Recent advances in polymer refining offer the capability of pumping an instant-crosslink system with polymer loadings as low as 8 pptg. This ultra-low polymer crosslink system provides a surface viscosity that maintains effective proppant transport through the surface equipment, perforations, and into the near-wellbore area. Additionally, programmed viscosity degradation converts the fluid to a low viscosity within minutes of introduction to the reservoir to provide a desired complexity to the created fracture network. The low polymer loadings minimize polymer volumes introduced to the formation, and therefore formation damage. This paper will detail the effects of new system's viscosity on proppant transport through the surface equipment and horizontal wellbore, and the development of a viscosity break profile that can deliver a low viscosity, near- Newtonian fluid that is ideal for developing the intricate fracture system to optimize production from tight gas formations.
Xenobiotic kidney organogenesis: a new avenue for renal transplantation (2009)

Currently many efforts are being made to apply regenerative medicine to clinical renal diseases. It has been suggested that some renal diseases which maintain renal structure can be treated by infusion of stem cells isolated from the bone marrow or adult kidney. However such cell-based therapy cannot be applied to the treatment of chronic renal disease, in which renal structure, including the kidney scaffold, is totally disrupted. Therefore, absolute kidney regeneration is needed to rebuild a whole functional kidney de novo and eliminate the requirement for dialysis. However, due to the anatomical complexity of the kidney and the need for communication between each cell to fulfill renal function, the kidney has been labeled as the most difficult organ to regenerate. Only a small number of groups are investigating the potential for reconstructing an organized and functional kidney structure, and, among them, we are using the developing xenoembryo as an organ factory for this purpose. Here we review the challenges faced in developing a whole functional kidney de novo and discuss the obstacles which must be overcome before clinical use is possible.
A Novel Enhancer of the Apaf1 Apoptosome Involved in Cytochrome c-dependent Caspase Activation and Apoptosis (2001)

Apaf1/CED4 family members play central roles in apoptosis regulation as activators of caspase family cell death proteases. These proteins contain a nucleotide-binding (NB) self-oligomerization domain and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). A novel human protein was identified, NAC, that contains an NB domain and CARD. The CARD of NAC interacts selectively with the CARD domain of Apaf1, a caspase-activating protein that couples mitochondria-released cytochrome c (cyt-c) to activation of cytosolic caspases. Cyt-c-mediated activation of caspases in cytosolic extracts and in cells is enhanced by overexpressing NAC and inhibited by reducing NAC using antisense/DNAzymes. Furthermore, association of NAC with Apaf1 is cyt c-inducible, resulting in a mega-complex (>1 MDa) containing both NAC and Apaf1 and correlating with enhanced recruitment and proteolytic processing of pro-caspase-9. NAC also collaborates with Apaf1 in inducing caspase activation and apoptosis in intact cells, whereas fragments of NAC representing only the CARD or NB domain suppress Apaf1-dependent apoptosis induction. NAC expression in vivo is associated with terminal differentiation of short lived cells in epithelia and some other tissues. The ability of NAC to enhance Apaf1-apoptosome function reveals a novel paradigm for apoptosis regulation.
Integration of probabilistic fact and text retrieval (1992)

In this paper, a model for combining text and fact retrieval is described. A query is a set of conditions, where a single condition is either a text or fact condition. Fact conditions can be interpreted as being vague, thus leading to nonbinary weights for fact conditions with respect to database objects. For text conditions, we use descriptions of the occurence of terms in documents instead of precomputed indexing weights, thus treating terms similar to attributes. Probabilistic indexing weights for conditions are computed by introducing the notion of correctness (or acceptability) of a condition w.r.t. an object. These indexing weights are used in retrieval for a probabilistic ranking of objects based on the retrieval for a probabilistic ranking of objects based on the retrieval-with-probabilistic-indexing (RPI) model, for which a new derivation is given here.
Expression of Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens in the neoplastic transformation of uterine cervical epithelial cells. (1996)

The expression of simple mucin-type carbohydrate antigens, Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens, was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies in normal squamous epithelium, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The expression of the Tn antigen detected by HB-Tn1 and B1.1 was found in 17 (20%) and 19 (23%) of the 83 invasive carcinomas, respectively, but was not found in the 36 normal squamous epithelia, 22 severe dysplasias, or 24 carcinomas in situ. The sialyl-Tn antigen was detected by HB-STn1 and TKH-2 in 14 (64%) and 11 (50%) of the 22 severe dysplasias, 13 (54%) and 10 (42%) of the 24 carcinomas in situ and 48 (58%) and 42 (51%) of the 83 invasive carcinomas, respectively, but was completely absent in 36 normal squamous epithelia. Coexpression of the sialyl-Tn antigen was observed in 89% of the cases expressing the Tn antigen. No significant difference was observed between the immunoreactivities of the antigens in the metastatic lymph nodes and primary tumors. No correlation was found between the expression of each antigen and clinical state, histologic type, depth of invasion, parametrial spread, lymphatic and vessel permeation, lymph node metastasis, or 5-year survival rate. The expression of Tn and sialyl-Tn demonstrates a specific change in the neoplastic progression from carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma and from normal to dysplasia, respectively, in squamous cell neoplastic lesions of the cervix. Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens may be useful markers for biologic investigation of neoplastic transformation in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
The value of venous oximetry (2005)

Early goal directed therapy should be implemented in the initial resuscitation of septic patients. Measurement of central venous oxygen saturation can easily be applied in intensive care unit patients and offers a useful indirect indicator for the adequacy of tissue oxygenation.
Analysis of the functional integrity of cryopreserved human liver cells including xenografting in immunodeficient mice to address suitability for clinical applications (2004)

Cryopreserved human liver cell showed the ability to retain functional integrity and to reconstitute both hepatic and biliary lineages in mice. These studies offer suitable paradigms aimed at characterizing liver cells prior to transplantation in people.
L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) draft-maeurer-raw-ldacs-04 (2020)

This document provides an overview of the architecture of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS), which provides a secure, scalable and spectrum efficient terrestrial data link for civil aviation. LDACS is a scheduled, reliable multi-application cellular broadband system with support for IPv6.
WebinTool: a generic Web to database interface building tool (2002)

The increasing use of the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) for information retrieval from information systems has created a demand for Web to database interface building tools. The requirements for such a building tool is analysed and a framework (WebinTool) for rapid building and easy maintenance of Web interfaces is presented. The key component of the WebinTool is an interface tool language which mainly consists of the HTML statements and dedicated SQL-based data manipulation statements. Using this language, a variety of user-customized Web interfaces can be created.
Increased excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio in parietal cortex samples from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (2021)

Synaptic disturbances in excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) balance in forebrain circuits are thought to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, although direct evidence for such imbalance in humans is lacking. We assessed anatomical and electrophysiological synaptic E/I ratios in post-mortem parietal cortex samples from middle-aged individuals with AD (early-onset) or Down syndrome (DS) by fluorescence deconvolution tomography and microtransplantation of synaptic membranes. Both approaches revealed significantly elevated E/I ratios for AD, but not DS, versus controls. Gene expression studies in an independent AD cohort also demonstrated elevated E/I ratios in individuals with AD as compared to controls. These findings provide evidence of a marked pro-excitatory perturbation of synaptic E/I balance in AD parietal cortex, a region within the default mode network that is overly active in the disorder, and support the hypothesis that E/I imbalances disrupt cognition-related shifts in cortical activity which contribute to the intellectual decline in AD.
All-sputtered CdS/CdTe solar cells on polyimide (2009)

We have made CdS/CdTe solar cells on polyimides from different sources. These cells were fabricated using sputtered zinc oxide doped with aluminum as the transparent conducting oxide. The CdS and CdTe were also deposited by sputtering. In this paper we report properties of the sputtered AZO and its changes with CdCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> heat treatments. We have achieved a cell efficiency of 10.5% at air mass 1.5G illumination.
<title>Incorporation of clinical data into a computerized method for the assessment of mammographic breast lesions</title> (2000)

We previously developed a computerized method to classify mammographic masses as benign or malignant. In this method, mammographic features that are similar to the ones used by radiologists are automatically extracted to characterize a mass lesion. These features are then merged by an artificial neural network (ANN), which yields an estimated likelihood of malignancy for each mass. The performance of the method was evaluated on an independent database consisting of 110 cases (60 benign and 50 malignant cases). The method achieved an A<SUB>z</SUB> of 0.91 from round-robin analysis in the task of differentiating between benign and malignant masses using the computer-extracted features only. As the most important clinical risk factor for breast cancer, age achieved a performance level (A<SUB>z</SUB> equals 0.79) similar to that (A<SUB>z</SUB> equals 0.77 and 0.80) of the computer-extracted spiculation features, which are the most important indicators for malignancy of a mass, in differentiating between the malignant and benign cases. In this study, age is included as an additional input feature to the ANN. The performance of the scheme (A<SUB>z</SUB> equals 0.93) is improved when age is included. However, the improvement is not found to be statistically significant. Our results indicated that age may be a strong feature in predicting malignancy of a mass. For this database, however, the inclusion of age may not have a strong impact on the determination of the likelihood for a mammographic mass lesion when the major mammographic characteristics (e.g., spiculation) of a mass are accurately extracted and analyzed along with other features using an artificial neural network.
Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Alicyclic and Heterocyclic Alkanoates as Cockroach Attractants (1995)

A series of homo and heterocyclic alkanoates were prepared and evaluated as insect attractants toward Blattella germanica (L.) and Supella longipalpa (F.). Among these compounds, the tetrahydrofurfuryl alkanoates and 4-tetrahydropyranyl hexanoate showed relatively better activity. It was also observed that, in general, the five-membered compounds were better performers than their sixmembered counterparts. The introduction of an oxygen atom in the ring enhanced the activity, irrespective of the ring size.
Efficiently Sampling Probabilistic Programs via Program Analysis (2013)

Probabilistic programs are intuitive and succinct representations of complex probability distributions. A natural approach to performing inference over these programs is to execute them and compute statistics over the resulting samples. Indeed, this approach has been taken before in a number of probabilistic programming tools. In this paper, we address two key challenges of this paradigm: (i) ensuring samples are well distributed in the combinatorial space of the program, and (ii) efficiently generating samples with minimal rejection. We present a new sampling algorithm Qi that addresses these challenges using concepts from the field of program analysis. To solve the first challenge (getting diverse samples), we use a technique called symbolic execution to systematically explore all the paths in a program. In the case of programs with loops, we systematically explore all paths up to a given depth, and present theorems on error bounds on the estimates as a function of the path bounds used. To solve the second challenge (efficient samples with minimal rejection), we propagate observations backward through the program using the notion of Dijkstra’s weakest preconditions and hoist these propagated conditions to condition elementary distributions during sampling. We present theorems explaining the mathematical properties of Qi, as well as empirical results from an implementation of the algorithm. Appearing in Proceedings of the 16 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2013, Scottsdale, AZ, USA. Volume 31 of JMLR: W&CP 31. Copyright 2013 by the authors.
Soft, skin-mounted microfluidic systems for measuring secretory fluidic pressures generated at the surface of the skin by eccrine sweat glands (2017)

During periods of activity, sweat glands produce pressures associated with osmotic effects to drive liquid to the surface of the skin. The magnitudes of these pressures may provide insights into physiological health, the intensity of physical exertion, psychological stress factors and/other information of interest, yet they are currently unknown due to absence of means for non-invasive measurement. This paper introduces a thin, soft wearable microfluidic system that mounts onto the surface of the skin to enable precise and routine measurements of secretory fluidic pressures generated at the surface of the skin by eccrine sweat glands (surface SPSG, or s-SPSG) at nearly any location on the body. These platforms incorporate an arrayed collection of unit cells each of which includes an opening to the skin, an inlet through which sweat can flow, a capillary bursting valve (CBV) with a unique bursting pressure (BP), a corresponding microreservoir to receive sweat and an outlet to the surrounding ambient to allow release of backpressure. The BPs systematically span the physiologically relevant range, to enable a measurement precision approximately defined by the ratio of the range to the number of unit cells. Human studies demonstrate measurements of s-SPSG under different conditions, from various regions of the body. Average values in healthy young adults lie between 2.4 and 2.9 kPa. Sweat associated with vigorous exercise have s-SPSGs that are somewhat higher than those associated with sedentary activity. For all conditions, the forearm and lower back tend to yield the highest and lowest s-SPSGs, respectively.
Venlafaxine Pharmacogenetics: a Comprehensive Review (2019)

Antidepressant response could be from 42 to 50% genetically determined. Venlafaxine (VEN) was the sixth most-prescribed antidepressant in the USA in 2017. Therefore, we reviewed studies which focused on the pharmacogenetics of VEN and found that there is a lack of guidelines for pharmacogenetic testing for VEN. Within investigated genetic polymorphisms, few of them can be indicated as potential predictors of VEN efficacy and tolerance. However, additional pharmacogenetic studies of VEN should be performed to reproduce already obtained results or explain contradictory ones. The individualization of pharmacotherapy is a key issue in providing patients with the highest possible quality of treatment, therefore pharmacogenetic studies should be one of the components of therapy optimization.
Sparse Vector Methods (1985)

Sparse vector methods enhance the efficiency of matrix solution algorithms by exploiting the sparsity of the independent vector and/or the desire to know only a subset of the unknown vector. This paper shows how these methods can be efficiently implemented for sparse matrices. The efficiency of the sparse vector methods is verified by tests on a 156-bus, a 1598-bus and a 2265-bus system. In all cases tested, the new methods are significantly faster than the established sparse matrix techniques.
Protein Synthesis in Sonically Damaged <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1967)

By gentle sonic treatment, Escherichia coli cells were modified to permit penetration of actinomycin D, adenosine triphosphate, trypsin, ribonuclease, and polyuridylic acid. The behavior of these "soniplasts" as protein-synthesizing particles was investigated.