gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computerized provider order entry in the clinical laboratory (2011)

Clinicians have traditionally ordered laboratory tests using paper-based orders and requisitions. However, paper orders are becoming increasingly incompatible with the complexities, challenges, and resource constraints of our modern healthcare systems and are being replaced by electronic order entry systems. Electronic systems that allow direct provider input of diagnostic testing or medication orders into a computer system are known as Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems. Adoption of laboratory CPOE systems may offer institutions many benefits, including reduced test turnaround time, improved test utilization, and better adherence to practice guidelines. In this review, we outline the functionality of various CPOE implementations, review the reported benefits, and discuss strategies for using CPOE to improve the test ordering process. Further, we discuss barriers to the implementation of CPOE systems that have prevented their more widespread adoption.
A silicon-on-insulator polarization diversity scheme in the mid-infrared (2015)

We propose a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) polarization diversity scheme in the mid-infrared wavelength range. In consideration of absorption loss in silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>), the polarization splitter-rotator (PSR) is designed and optimized with silicon nitride (SiN) upper-cladding and SiO<sub>2</sub> lower-cladding. This asymmetry allows the PSR, which consists of mode-conversion tapers and subsequent mode-sorting asymmetric Y-junctions, to be fabricated with a simple one-step etching process. Simulation shows that our PSR has good performance with low mode conversion loss (< 0.25 dB) and low crosstalk (< -18 dB) in a very large wavelength range from 4.0 μm to 4.4 μm. The PSR also exhibits large fabrication tolerance with respect to the size deviations in waveguide width, height and refractive index of the upper-cladding. Additionally, PSR devices based on Y-junctions with SiO<sub>2</sub> upper-cladding, and SiN upper- and lower-claddings are designed for potential applications at shorter and longer wavelengths, respectively. These PSR devices could facilitate the development of silicon photonic devices in the mid-infrared.
Componentwise state bounding of positive time-delay systems with disturbances bounded by a time-varying function (2021)

This paper proposes a new method to solve the problem of finding the smallest componentwise upper bound of the state vector of a class of positive time-delay systems perturbed by unknown-but-bounded disturbances. Different from existing methods, which use only the constant maximum bound of the disturbance vector, our method exploits its known time-varying upper bound. As a result, a smaller upper bound, i.e. a more accurate state bound, is derived. A numerical example with some simulations is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Hyperbolic field electron energy analyzer with second order focusing (2003)

Second order focusing is a desirable property of dispersion type electron energy analyzers because it allows a greater angular acceptance or, alternatively, higher energy resolution. We derive the second order focusing conditions for the hyperbolic field analyzer, which also allows a large range of energies to be collected in parallel, making it suitable for surface analysis techniques such as Auger spectroscopy.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Consequences of Testosterone Supplements in Young and Old Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Implications for Testosterone Supplements in Men (2017)

Taken together with previous studies, these data suggest that testosterone supplements may have differential effects on men depending on age, cardiovascular and metabolic status, and dose and whether given long-term or short-term.
Miscible Gas Injection in Undersaturated Gas-Oil Systems (2004)

Summary This paper discusses miscible gas injection in reservoir fluid systems exhibiting compositional variation with depth characterized by an undersaturated "critical" transition from gas to oil, where all fluid properties exhibit a continuous variation with depth. In an undersaturated gas-oil fluid system all fluids throughout the reservoir are initially first-contact miscible with their neighboring fluids. This implies that full-pressure maintenance, gravity-stable updip gas injection will lead to miscible displacement throughout the reservoir, even for down-dip fluids which are not miscible with the injection gas. The pressure maintenance required is to avoid depletion below initial saturation pressure throughout the reservoir, i.e. maintaining a single-phase fluid system. Compositional reservoir simulation studies have been used to verify this behavior for one-dimensional (1D) flow. Similar results were originally suggested by Hoier and Whitson1. In this paper we study the same mechanism for non-ideal reservoir systems characterized by (1) partial pressure maintenance where reservoir pressures locally drop below initial saturation pressure and two phases form prior to injection gas arrival; and (2) two-dimensional (2D) flow in reservoirs with heterogeneities and strong layer-property contrasts. Both situations may have a negative impact on oil recovery compared with full-pressure maintenance and gravity-stable miscible displacement with expected near-100% recovery. 1D and 2D compositional simulations are used based on the reservoir characteristics of a field with an undersaturated gas-oil fluid system – Smorbukk South Field, located in the Norwegian Sea. This field produces rich gas condensate and volatile oil through an undersaturated gas-oil transition from two main geological layers. We present five years of production history with pressure maintenance by gas injection.
A POS-based model for long-range reorderings in SMT (2009)

In this paper we describe a new approach to model long-range word reorderings in statistical machine translation (SMT). Until now, most SMT approaches are only able to model local reorderings. But even the word order of related languages like German and English can be very different. In recent years approaches that reorder the source sentence in a preprocessing step to better match target sentences according to POS(Part-of-Speech)-based rules have been applied successfully. We enhance this approach to model long-range reorderings by introducing discontinuous rules.
Catalytic asymmetric epoxidations with chiral iron porphyrins (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic asymmetric epoxidations with chiral iron porphyrinsJohn T. Groves and Richard S. MyersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 18, 5791–5796Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00356a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00356a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3091Altmetric-Citations422LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Parkin’Play study: protocol of a phase II randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a health game on cognition in Parkinson’s disease (2016)

NTR5637 on 7-jan-2016.
A 75GHz PLL Front-End Integration in 65nm SOI CMOS Technology (2007)

A 75GHz PLL front-end, composed of complementary LC VCO, a buffer with AC coupling, and a static CML latch divider, is integrated in 65 nm SOI CMOS technology. The circuitry is developed with milli-meter wave link specifications, technology consideration, process variation, and topology selections. The PLL front-end achieves 5.9% tuning range centered at 73.4GHz and free-running phase noise of -1 lOdBc/Hz at 10MHz offset with 71mW.
Are the Pathobiological Changes Evoked by Traumatic Brain Injury Immediate and Irreversible? (1995)

Traumatic brain injury has long been thought to evoke immediate and irreversible damage to the brain parenchyma and its intrinsic vasculature. In this review, we call into question the correctness of this assumption by citing two traumatically related brain parenchymal abnormalities that are the result of a progressive, traumatically induced perturbation. In this context, we first consider the pathogenesis of traumatically induced axonal damage to show that it is not the immediate consequence of traumatic tissue tearing. Rather, we illustrate that it is a delayed consequence of complex axolemmal and/or cytoskeletal changes evoked by the traumatic episode which then lead to cytoskeletal collapse and impairment of axoplasmic transport, ultimately progressing to axonal swelling and disconnection. Second, we consider the traumatized brain's increased neuronal sensitivity to secondary ischemic insult by showing that even after mild traumatic brain injury, CA1 neuronal cell loss can be precipitated by the induction of sublethal ischemic insult within 24 hrs of injury. In demonstrating this increased sensitivity to secondary insult, evidence is provided that it is triggered by the neurotransmitter storm evoked by traumatic brain injury, allowing for sublethal neuro-excitation. In relation to this phenomenon, the protective effect of receptor antagonists are discussed, as well as the concept that this relatively prolonged posttraumatic brain hypersensitivity offers a potential window for therapeutic intervention. Collectively, it is felt that both examples of the brain parenchyma's response to traumatic brain injury show that the resulting pathobiology is much more complex and progressive than previously envisioned, and as such, rejects many of the previous beliefs regarding the pathobiology of traumatic brain injury.
Calculation of HLB Values / Berechnung von HLB-Werten einiger Struktureinheiten von Emulgatoren (1992)

Article Calculation of HLB Values / Berechnung von HLB-Werten einiger Struktureinheiten von Emulgatoren was published on March 1, 1992 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 29, issue 2).
A simplifying method of vision attention simulating human vision in machine vision system (2010)

In recent years, research of human vision attention opens a new field for machine vision. A novel and simplified model including saccade and gaze is presented in this paper, which simulates human vision attention. An efficient algorithm is proposed for extracting simple features in global scene and extracting candidate features in local saliency region so as to reduce computational cost. This simplified method is very reliable in some cases of machine vision system and is nearly equivalent to that obtained from human vision attention.
Clinical guidelines for the use of unattended portable monitors in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adult patients. Portable Monitoring Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2007)

Based on a review of literature and consensus, the Portable Monitoring Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) makes the following recommendations: unattended portable monitoring (PM) for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) should be performed only in conjunction with a comprehensive sleep evaluation. Clinical sleep evaluations using PM must be supervised by a practitioner with board certification in sleep medicine or an individual who fulfills the eligibility criteria for the sleep medicine certification examination. PM may be used as an alternative to polysomnography (PSG) for the diagnosis of OSA in patients with a high pretest probability of moderate to severe OSA. PM is not appropriate for the diagnosis of OSA in patients with significant comorbid medical conditions that may degrade the accuracy of PM. PM is not appropriate for the diagnostic evaluation of patients suspected of having comorbid sleep disorders. PM is not appropriate for general screening of asymptomatic populations. PM may be indicated for the diagnosis of OSA in patients for whom in-laboratory PSG is not possible by virtue of immobility, safety, or critical illness. PM may also be indicated to monitor the response to non-CPAP treatments for sleep apnea. At a minimum, PM must record airflow, respiratory effort, and blood oxygenation. The airflow, effort, and oximetric biosensors conventionally used for in-laboratory PSG should be used in PM. The Task Force recommends that PM testing be performed under the auspices of an AASM-accredited comprehensive sleep medicine program with written policies and procedures. An experienced sleep technologist/technician must apply the sensors or directly educate patients in sensor application. The PM device must allow for display of raw data with the capability of manual scoring or editing of automated scoring by a qualified sleep technician/technologist. A board certified sleep specialist, or an individual who fulfills the eligibility criteria for the sleep medicine certification examination, must review the raw data from PM using scoring criteria consistent with current published AASM standards. Under the conditions specified above, PM may be used for unattended studies in the patient's home. Afollow-up visit to review test results should be performed for all patients undergoing PM. Negative or technically inadequate PM tests in patients with a high pretest probability of moderate to severe OSA should prompt in-laboratory polysomnography.
Application of femtosecond ultrashort pulse laser to photodynamic therapy mediated by indocyanine green (2004)

Femtosecond pulse laser enhanced by ICG can be used for PDT. Because of effective closure of corneal neovascularisation at a low energy level, the high peak power pulse energy of the femtosecond pulse laser might be more efficacious than continuous wave laser for use with PDT.
Analyzing and Testing Viewability Methods in an Advertising Network (2020)

Many of the current online businesses base completely their revenue models in earnings from online advertisement. A problematic fact is that according to recent studies more than half of display ads are not being detected as viewable. The International Advertising Bureau (IAB) has defined a viewable impression as an impression that at least 50% of its pixels are rendered in the viewport during at least one continuous second. Although there is agreement on this definition for measuring viewable impressions in the industry, there is no systematic methodologies on how it should be implemented or the trustworthiness of these methods. In fact, the Media Rating Council (MRC) announced that there are inconsistencies across multiple reports attempting to measure this metric. In order to understand the magnitude of the problem, we conduct an analysis of different methods to track viewable impressions. Then, we test a subset of geometric and strong interaction methods in a webpage registered in the worldwide ad-network ExoClick, which currently serves over 7 billion geo-targeted ads a day to a global network of 65000 web/mobile publisher platforms. We find that the Intersection Observer API is the method that detects more viewable impressions given its robustness towards the technological constraints that face the rest of implementations available. The motivation of this work is to better understand the limitations and advantages of such methods, which can have an impact at a standardisation level in online advertising industry, as well as to provide guidelines for future research based on the lessons learned.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Benzenesulfinyl Piperidine/Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride: A Potent Combination of Shelf‐Stable Reagents for the Low‐Temperature Conversion of Thioglycosides to Glycosyl Triflates and for the Formation of Diverse Glycosidic Linkages. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Harmonic Analysis Solution to the Parkes Spectrometer Baseline Ripple (1981)

The arrangement whereby the front end of a radio astronomical receiver is located at the focal plane of a paraboloidal telescope causes the incoming waves to be reflected between focal plane and vertex. The result is a sometimes simple, sometimes complex wave pattern on the output of an associated spectrometer and is known as baseline ripple.
X-Ray Topographic Contrast of Threading Dislocations in Silicon on Insulator Structures (1996)

Threading dislocations in a thin silicon layer of SIMOX (Separation by IMplanted OXygen) samples were studied by white and monochromatic beam X-ray diffraction topography in transmission and reflection geometry. The symmetrical transmission geometry appeared to be most suitable for the present study. The dislocation images were visible on topographs even though the Si layer thickness was very small compared to the pendellösung distance. The dislocation contrast could coherently be explained by an “interferometer like” and a “double crystal diffractometric like” formation mechanism. The first is controlled by local variations of the reciprocal lattice vector difference between the two parts of a bicrystal and the second by variations of the effective misorientation. The contrast analysis revealed that dislocations occurred in pairs with antiparallel Burgers vectors. The dislocation contrast dependence on the layer thickness, X-ray wavelength, working point on the rocking curve, position on the moiré fringe pattern, and measurement geometry were also investigated.
Nuclear magnetic resonance Fourier transform spectroscopy (1992)

The development and current status of Fourier transform spectroscopy is described.
Walkthrough in large environments using concatenated panoramas (2009)

Recently panorama-based virtual reality systems have a key issue that is how to achieve continuous walkthrough between the two adjacent panoramas. In order to solve this issue, we firstly take images in the sampling points of the transition path, and then the coefficients of image transformations among these images are estimated directly from these images. Finally, the images in the non-sampling points are synthesized from those images in the sampling points using image transformation techniques. The architecture and Scheduling mechanism of the prototype concatenated panorama system are also described in this paper.
Age-related alterations in the fractal scaling of cardiac interbeat interval dynamics (1996)

We postulated that aging is associated with disruption in the fractallike long-range correlations that characterize healthy sinus rhythm cardiac interval dynamics. Ten young (21-34 yr) and 10 elderly (68-81 yr) rigorously screened healthy subjects underwent 120 min of continuous supine resting electrocardiographic recording. We analyzed the interbeat interval time series using standard time and frequency domain statistics and using a fractal measure, detrended fluctuation analysis, to quantify long-range correlation properties. In healthy young subjects, interbeat intervals demonstrated fractal scaling, with scaling exponents (alpha) from the fluctuation analysis close to a value of 1.0. In the group of healthy elderly subjects, the interbeat interval time series had two scaling regions. Over the short range, interbeat interval fluctuations resembled a random walk process (Brownian noise, alpha = 1.5), whereas over the longer range they resembled white noise (alpha = 0.5). Short (alpha s)- and long-range (alpha 1) scaling exponents were significantly different in the elderly subjects compared with young (alpha s = 1.12 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.90 +/- 0.14, respectively, P = 0.009; alpha 1 = 0.75 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.10, respectively, P = 0.002). The crossover behavior from one scaling region to another could be modeled as a first-order autoregressive process, which closely fit the data from four elderly subjects. This implies that a single characteristic time scale may be dominating heartbeat control in these subjects. The age-related loss of fractal organization in heartbeat dynamics may reflect the degradation of integrated physiological regulatory systems and may impair an individual's ability to adapt to stress.
Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Fruits, Vegetables, and Grain Products (1998)

The antioxidant activities and total phenolics of 28 plant products, including sunflower seeds, flaxseeds, wheat germ, buckwheat, and several fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants were determined. The total phenolic content, determined according to the Folin−Ciocalteu method, varied from 169 to 10548 mg/100 g of dry product. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract evaluated according to the β-carotene bleaching method expressed as AOX (Δ log A470/min), AA (percent inhibition relative to control), ORR (oxidation rate ratio), and AAC (antioxidant activity coefficient) ranged from 0.05, 53.7, 0.009, and 51.7 to 0.26, 99.1, 0.46, and 969.3, respectively. The correlation coefficient between total phenolics and antioxidative activities was statistically significant. Keywords: Antioxidant activity; phenolics; medicinal plants; oilseeds; buckwheat; vegetables; fruits; wheat products
Dual-band infrared camera (2005)

Every year, numerous accidents happen on European roads due to bad visibility (fog, night, heavy rain). Similarly, the dramatic aviation accidents of year 2001 in Milan and Zurich have reminded us that aviation safety is equally affected by reduced visibility. A dual-band thermal imager was developed in order to raise human situation awareness under conditions of reduced visibility especially in the automotive and aeronautical context but also for all transportation or surveillance tasks. The chosen wavelength bands are the Short Wave Infrared SWIR and the Long Wave Infrared LWIR band which are less obscured by reduced visibility conditions than the visible band. Furthermore, our field tests clearly show that the two different spectral bands very often contain complementary information. Pyramidal fusion is used to integrate complementary and redundant features of the multi-spectral images into a fused image which can be displayed on a monitor to provide more and better information for the driver or pilot.
Spatiotemporal CCR1, CCL3(MIP-1α), CXCR4, CXCL12(SDF-1α) expression patterns in a rat spinal cord injury model of posttraumatic neuropathic pain (2011)

The authors report lesion grade-dependent upregulation of different chemokines/chemokine receptors after spinal cord contusion lesions in pain-processing spinal cord regions in a clinically relevant model of traumatic SCI in rats. Prolonged chemokine induction further correlated with below-level pain development in the delayed time course after severe SCI and was coexpressed with pain-associated peptides and receptors, suggesting that chemokines play a crucial role in chronic central pain mechanisms after SCI.