gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WRITE ERROR RATE IN SPIN TRANSFER TORQUE MAGNETIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (2012)

This paper reviews the recent progress made to realize reliable write operations in spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory. Theoretical description of write error rate (WER) based on macro-spin models are discussed with comparison to experimental data. Recent studies on the phenomena that can lead to abnormal WER behaviors which include back-hopping and low probability bifurcated switching are reviewed with emphasis on underlying mechanism. The studies on the WER in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) are also reviewed. It is demonstrated that, for both in-plane and perpendicular MTJ, reliable and error-free write operations can be achieved with thorough understanding of the underlying physics and innovative design/process solutions.
Synthesis, characterization, and miRNA-mediated PI3K suppressing activity of novel cisplatin-derived complexes of selenones (2021)

New therapeutic options are crucially for most cancers, particularly those with poor clinical outcomes. Five new derivatives of cisplatin-containing selenone ligands with the general formula, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(Selenone)2](NO3)2 (1–5) were synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, Infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C & 77Se) spectroscopy. Spectroscopic and computational data supported the coordination of selenones to platinum(II). The structures of the complexes were predicted using density functional theory calculations. Molecular docking studies were carried out using the AutoDock Tools docking program. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these complexes and cisplatin against three human cancer cell lines, HeLa, A549, and HCT116 was investigated using the MTT assay. The best candidate complex, complex 3, was subjected to mechanistic assessments, including miRNA profiling, PI3K deactivation, and induction of apoptosis. Docking studies showed that all the newly synthesized platinum(II) complexes interacted with the minor DNA groove. The synthesized complexes showed promising cytotoxic effects against the tested cell lines. Complex 3 modulated the miRNA expression signature in A549 cells. Pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed miRNA gene targets identified the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a promising target. Complex 3 inhibited PI3K activity and induced apoptosis. Collectively, our study identified promising new platinum(II) derivatives such as complex 3, paving the way for future in vitro and in vivo validations and safety studies.
Functional-anatomical imaging of tumors and vasculature using optoacoustic-ultrasonic system. (2011)

This lecture will discuss the current status and prospectives of optoacoustic imaging and advantages of combined optoacoustic-ultrasonic imaging systems and their biomedical applications. Optoacoustic system provides optical contrast in tissue while mapping tissue structures with ultrasonic resolution. The main advantage of imaging using optical contrast is the possibility to map distribution of blood concentration and its oxygen saturation (functional imaging) in the vasculature or other tissue of interest (such as malignant tumors). High optical contrast of blood (specifically hypoxic blood) makes visualization of the tumor angiogenesis possible, thereby providing functional information for differentiation of malignant and benign tumors. The idea that drives present developments in the field of optoacoustic imaging is that coregistration of optoacoustic and ultrasonic images would be a useful enhancement of almost every application of medical ultrasound.
Simplified analysis of a low-rise building seismically isolated with stable unbonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators (2009)

The seismic response of an ordinary low-rise base isolated (BI) structure, employing stable unbonded-fiber reinforced elastomeric isolator (SU-FREI) bearings, is predicted by using two different simplified analytical models. Subsequently, the accuracy of the two models is evaluated by using measured test results from a shake table study. Two models simulate the nonlinear experimental lateral load–displacement hysteresis loops of these bearings. The experimental hysteresis loops were obtained from cyclic shear tests on prototype bearings under a constant compression load. Because of the nonlinear lateral response behavior of the SU-FREIs, these models are employed in an iterative time-history analysis approach, enabling the model variables and the calculated peak lateral displacement of the bearings to converge to their unique values. Analysis results show that the presented simplified models may be used effectively in seismic response prediction of ordinary low-rise buildings that are seismically isolated by SU-FREI bearings.
Source Rocks from Seismic (SRfS) Part I - Fundamentals (2012)

Our ability to identify a source rock in the subsurface and quantify its parameters has a significant impact on prospect risking and petroleum play analyses. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why conventional seismic data can be used to risk source rock presence in petroleum system analyses. We use rock physics relationships from well logs, which are constrained by core data measurements. Established relationships between organic content and acoustic properties are used to model the expected seismic responses at the top and base of source rock intervals. Rock property analyses and forward seismic modeling of organic-rich shales demonstrate that they have characteristic acoustic properties that allow for robust seismic interpretation. Our models suggest that source rock shale intervals can be identified and characterized on conventionally processed seismic data if their total organic carbon (TOC) content is larger than 3-4 wt.% and their thickness is more than 15-20 m. This paper is the first of two companion papers on Source Rock from Seismic (SRfS). Here, we discuss the fundamentals of SRfS; in the companion paper (Gading et al., 2012) we present applications of our SRfS methodology.
The synthesis and accumulation of stearidonic acid in transgenic plants: a novel source of ‘heart‐healthy’ omega‐3 fatty acids (2009)

Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have a proven role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and precursor disease states such as metabolic syndrome. Although most studies have focussed on the predominant omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), recent evidence suggests similar health benefits from their common precursor, stearidonic acid. Stearidonic acid is a Delta6-unsaturated C18 omega-3 fatty acid present in a few plant species (mainly the Boraginaceae and Primulaceae) reflecting the general absence of Delta6-desaturation from higher plants. Using a Delta6-desaturase from Primula vialii, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis and linseed lines accumulating stearidonic acid in their seed lipids. Significantly, the P. vialiiDelta6-desaturase specifically only utilises alpha-linolenic acid as a substrate, resulting in the accumulation of stearidonic acid but not omega-6 gamma-linolenic acid. Detailed lipid analysis revealed the accumulation of stearidonic acid in neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol but an absence from the acyl-CoA pool. In the case of linseed, the achieved levels of stearidonic acid (13.4% of triacylglycerols) are very similar to those found in the sole natural commercial plant source (Echium spp.) or transgenic soybean oil. However, both those latter oils contain gamma-linolenic acid, which is not normally present in fish oils and considered undesirable for heart-healthy applications. By contrast, the stearidonic acid-enriched linseed oil is essentially devoid of this fatty acid. Moreover, the overall omega-3/omega-6 ratio for this modified linseed oil is also significantly higher. Thus, this nutritionally enhanced linseed oil may have superior health-beneficial properties.
Ack1-mediated Androgen Receptor Phosphorylation Modulates Radiation Resistance in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (2012)

Androgen deprivation therapy has been the standard of care in prostate cancer due to its effectiveness in initial stages. However, the disease recurs, and this recurrent cancer is referred to as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice; however, in addition to androgen independence, CRPC is often resistant to radiotherapy, making radioresistant CRPC an incurable disease. The molecular mechanisms by which CRPC cells acquire radioresistance are unclear. Androgen receptor (AR)-tyrosine 267 phosphorylation by Ack1 tyrosine kinase (also known as TNK2) has emerged as an important mechanism of CRPC growth. Here, we demonstrate that pTyr(267)-AR is recruited to the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) enhancer in an Ack1-dependent manner to up-regulate ATM expression. Mice engineered to express activated Ack1 exhibited a significant increase in pTyr(267)-AR and ATM levels. Furthermore, primary human CRPCs with up-regulated activated Ack1 and pTyr(267)-AR also exhibited significant increase in ATM expression. The Ack1 inhibitor AIM-100 not only inhibited Ack1 activity but also was able to suppress AR Tyr(267) phosphorylation and its recruitment to the ATM enhancer. Notably, AIM-100 suppressed Ack1 mediated ATM expression and mitigated the growth of radioresistant CRPC tumors. Thus, our study uncovers a previously unknown mechanism of radioresistance in CRPC, which can be therapeutically reversed by a new synergistic approach that includes radiotherapy along with the suppression of Ack1/AR/ATM signaling by the Ack1 inhibitor, AIM-100.
Systemic evaluation and localization of resistin expression in normal human tissues by a newly developed monoclonal antibody (2020)

Resistin and resistin-like molecules are pleiotropic cytokines that are involved in inflammatory diseases. Our previous work suggested that resistin has the potential to be used as a biomarker and therapeutic target for human pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, data are limited on the distribution of resistin in healthy human organs. In this study, we used our newly developed anti-human resistin (hResistin) antibody to immunohistochemically detect the expression, localization, and intracellular/extracellular compartmentalization of hResistin in a full human tissue panel from healthy individuals. The potential cross reactivity of this monoclonal anti-hResistin IgG1 with normal human tissues also was verified. Results showed that hResistin is broadly distributed and principally localized in the cytoplasmic granules of macrophages scattered in the interstitium of most human tissues. Bone marrow hematopoietic precursor cells also exhibited hResistin signals in their cytoplasmic granules. Additionally, hResistin labeling was observed in the cytoplasm of nervous system cells. Notably, the cytokine activity of hResistin was illustrated by positively stained extracellular material in most human tissues. These data indicate that our generated antibody binds to the secreted hResistin and support its potential use for immunotherapy to reduce circulating hResistin levels in human disease. Our findings comprehensively document the basal expression patterns of hResistin protein in normal human tissues, suggest a critical role of this cytokine in normal and pathophysiologic inflammatory processes, and offer key insights for using our antibody in future pharmacokinetic studies and immunotherapeutic strategies.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Dependence on the MUC1-C Oncoprotein in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Dependence on the MUC1-C Oncoprotein in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
A High Performance Dichroic Glass Polarizer with A Thickness of 15–35 µm (2000)

A dichroic glass polarizer having good optical and thermal properties is fabricated with a thickness of 15–35 µm. This polarizer has a contrast ratio greater than 40 dB with 30 µm thickness at 1.54 µm wavelength. Insertion loss was measured to be less than 0.06 dB. No difference in contrast ratio was confirmed against incident angle shift from normal to 7°. Large aperture size as large as 10×10 mm square and good thermal durability were realized. This polarizer is considered to be useful for lens-free and tilted configurations of optical devices.
Strength and Ductility of Hybrid FRP-Concrete Beam-Columns (1999)

High strength-to-weight ratio and resistance to electro-chemical corrosion have made fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials attractive to civil engineers. This paper presents a study on the beam-column behavior of a high-performance structural member made of concrete-filled FRP tubes (CFFT). The angle-ply FRP tube is a stay-in-place formwork, providing confinement as well as flexural and shear reinforcement. It also acts as a protective jacket for concrete core in harsh environments. A total of five 178 × 178 × 1,320 mm specimens were tested at various combinations of axial and transverse loads to develop a full moment-thrust interaction diagram for the hybrid column. In the compression control region, CFFT columns proved as strong as equivalent conventional reinforced concrete (RC) columns with as high as 6% reinforcement. Failure of CFFTs was ductile, and with considerable warning. Furthermore, toughness and energy-based ductility of CFFTs were quite comparable to those of conventional RC columns. It was also shown that the Euler-Bernouli beam theory is applicable to CFFTs, provided that composite action between the tube and the concrete core is fully developed.
New current-controlled very high value floating CMOS resistor (2001)

A new current controlled very high value resistor is presented and discussed. The new very high value floating resistor is built using a new topology that converts a grounded resistor or conductance to floating one. The output conductance of two matched transistors in the saturation region of operation is utilized for the resistor implementation. Hence, resistance value in the range of G(Omega) is achievable through a reasonable bias current in the range of 500 nA with small silicon area. The linearity of the new resistor is less than +/- 1 percent (THD) for a 2 V<SUB>pp</SUB> input signal in a 5 volt 1.2micrometers CMOS technology. The resistor is useful in the design of a very low frequency bandpass filter for artificial insect vision chip and pacemaker applications.
Tantalum-178--a short-lived nuclide for nuclear medicine: production of the parent W-178. (1978)

The physical decay characteristics of the short-lived radionuclide Ta-178 (half-life 9.3 min) appear to be suitable for use in conjunction with low-energy detection systems such as the multiwire proportional camera. This camera is inefficient for emissions with energies greater than 100 keV. The gamma-ray spectrum of Ta-178 is dominated by the characteristic hafnium x-rays (55--65 keV), emitted as a result of electron-capture decay. The parent nuclide, W-178 (half-life 21.7 d), was produced in the Michigan State University cyclotron by proton bombardment of stacked natural tantalum-foil targets. Optimum production was found to occur with an incident proton energy of 34 MeV at an effective activity of 1.1 mCi/muA-hr per MeV of target thickness. Tungsten-178 was chemically separated from the Ta foils with a yield of 98%.
Full-Scale Field Investigations and Numerical Analyses of Innovative Seismic Composite Fiber-Reinforced Polymer and Reinforced Grouted Helical Screw Instrumented Piles Under Axial and Lateral Monotonic and Cyclic Loadings (2014)

The axial and lateral monotonic and cyclic behaviors of helical pile foundations were investigated and new innovative helical screw systems suitable for seismic loadings were developed and patented. More than 100 full-scale field load tests were conducted on instrumented helical screw piles installed in cohesive soil. The piles included: plain helical screw piles (P-HSP); grouted (G-HSPs); fiber-reinforced polymer FRP-G-HSPs; and reinforced grouted RG-HSPs. The RG-HSP piles' axial capacity was more than twice that for P-HSP with minimal reduction after cyclic loading, and their lateral capacity was more than 3 times the P-HSPs capacity. A 3-D finite element model was established. The results of 3-D finite element modeling were used to establish the load transfer mechanism and a design methodology for the considered piles.
Inner and Inter Label Propagation: Salient Object Detection in the Wild (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel label propagation based method for saliency detection. A key observation is that saliency in an image can be estimated by propagating the labels extracted from the most certain background and object regions. For most natural images, some boundary superpixels serve as the background labels and the saliency of other superpixels are determined by ranking their similarities to the boundary labels based on an inner propagation scheme. For images of complex scenes, we further deploy a 3-cue-center-biased objectness measure to pick out and propagate foreground labels. A co-transduction algorithm is devised to fuse both boundary and objectness labels based on an inter propagation scheme. The compactness criterion decides whether the incorporation of objectness labels is necessary, thus greatly enhancing computational efficiency. Results on five benchmark datasets with pixel-wise accurate annotations show that the proposed method achieves superior performance compared with the newest state-of-the-arts in terms of different evaluation metrics.
Efficient Multicast Routing in MANETs Using Prefix Labels (2009)

We introduce prefix ordering for efficient multicasting (POEM), the first approach to multicast routing in MANETs in which the network-wide dissemination of control information is independent of the number of groups and sources per group. POEM establishes a labeled directed acyclic graph (LDAG) rooted at an elected node in the MANET and assigns a prefix label to each node denoting its network location relative to the root of the LDAG. Routes between any two prefix labels are implicit in the labels themselves. The sources and receivers of a multicast group use a consistent hashing function to map the identifier of the group (e.g., an IP multicast address) onto the group-prefix-label. The node whose prefix label is the closest match to the group-prefix-label serves as the core of the group. As in prior receiver-initiated multicast approaches, receivers join a multicast group by sending join requests towards the group core, and multicast sources simply forward their multicast data packets towards the cores of the groups. We use simulation experiments to compare POEM with ODMRP and MAODV for different mobility scenarios with varying number of nodes, groups and receivers. The results clearly show that POEM is far more efficient than traditional multicast routing approaches, even in relatively small networks.
Fully Flexible Electromagnetic Valve Actuator: Design, Modeling, and Measurements (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Design, modeling, and measurements are discussed for a new direct-drive, electromagnetic valve actuator (EVA) for internal combustion engines. The actuator offers greater dynamic performance than previous designs and achieves fully flexible valve timing and lift, which provides great benefits in engine performance including increased engine efficiency, reduced emissions, and improved low-end performance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The innovative actuator consists of simplified stationary permanent magnets, stationary coils, and a moving steel plunger that transmits significant bi-directional forces to the valve throughout the stroke.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Single- and double-actuator magnetic configurations, non-linear electromagnetic finite element analyses, system bond graphs, Simulink® simulations, and performance measurements of the actuator controlling intake valves on a cylinder head will be discussed. Future work, including on-engine dynamometer testing and an actuator design variant for exhaust valves, is briefly discussed.</div>
Mating and hormonal triggers regulate accessory gland gene expression in male Drosophila (1997)

Drosophila melanogaster males transfer accessory gland proteins, as part of their seminal fluid, to females during each mating. Since accessory gland proteins are important for male reproductive success, it is important that the male replenish the proteins he transferred during mating. Previous studies had shown that mating induces the resynthesis of accessory gland proteins, but since mating includes a set of stereotyped behavior patterns as well as the act of copulation, it was not known which aspect of the mating process induces accessory gland protein synthesis. By exposing males to females whose ovipositors had been sealed shut, we have shown that resynthesis of accessory gland proteins occurs only when seminal fluid is transferred to females. By applying juvenile hormone or 20-hydroxyecdysone topically to the cuticle of male flies, we showed that these hormones can act in vivo to stimulate the synthesis of accessory gland proteins to levels similar to those observed after mating.
Nasal gene expression differentiates COPD from controls and overlaps bronchial gene expression (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT01351792 (registration date May 10, 2011), ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT00848406 (registration date February 19, 2009), ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT00807469 (registration date December 11, 2008).
Hybrid Heat Capacity - Moving Slab Laser Concept (2002)

A hybrid configuration of a heat capacity laser (HCL) and a moving slab laser (MSL) has been studied. Multiple volumes of solid-state laser material are sequentially diode-pumped and their energy extracted. When a volume reaches a maximum temperature after a ''sub-magazine depth'', it is moved out of the pumping region into a cooling region, and a new volume is introduced. The total magazine depth equals the submagazine depth times the number of volumes. The design parameters are chosen to provide high duty factor operation, resulting in effective use of the diode arrays. The concept significantly reduces diode array cost over conventional heat capacity lasers, and it is considered enabling for many potential applications. A conceptual design study of the hybrid configuration has been carried out. Three concepts were evaluated using CAD tools. The concepts are described and their relative merits discussed. Because of reduced disk size and diode cost, the hybrid concept may allow scaling to average powers on the order of 0.5 MW/module.
Piezoelectric Subordinate Oscillator Arrays: Performance Recovery and Robustness to Uncertainty (2019)

Abstract Prior work demonstrates that an attached subordinate oscillator array (SOA) can attenuate vibration of a host structure. The distribution of masses and stiffnesses of the attached oscillators can craft a flat frequency response over a desired band. This response modification can be a significant improvement over classical dynamic vibration absorbers (DVA) that attenuate response at one target frequency while increasing the frequency response amplitude at nearby side frequencies. Performance of the SOA can be highly sensitive to the uncertainty or disorder in the mechanical properties of the system. This paper shows that use of piezolectric SOAs (PSOAs) has the potential to address and ameliorate such sensitivity to off-design situations. It is important to note that the design strategy is simple and effective: it can be carried out without optimization techniques by choosing simple or well-known distributions of electromechanical properties.
OspC Phylogenetic Analyses Support the Feasibility of a Broadly Protective Polyvalent Chimeric Lyme Disease Vaccine (2007)

Using available Borrelia outer surface protein C (OspC) sequences, a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken to delineate the number of antigenic domains required for inclusion in a broadly protective, chimeric, OspC-based Lyme disease vaccine. The data indicate that approximately 34 would be required and that an OspC-based vaccinogen is feasible.