gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species in liquid stored and cryopreserved turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) spermatozoa (2018)

The extensive use of artificial insemination in turkeys has led to the development of in vitro semen storage. However, fertility rates from liquid stored and frozen/thawed turkey semen are still unsatisfactory. The aim of the study was to assess spermatozoa viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species production (ROS) in liquid stored and cryopreserved turkey semen with the use of flow cytometry. Moreover, motility and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in sperm were monitored at the same time to link flow cytometry data with sperm movement and energetics. Liquid storage led to a decrease in sperm motility (80.6 vs. 55.6%, for fresh and stored for 48 h), live sperm with an intact MMP (59.9 vs. 30.5% for fresh and stored for 48 h), and a 20-fold decrease in ATP content after 24 h of storage. A 3-fold increase in ROS+ sperm was observed after 48 h of storage (9.3 vs. 26.8% for fresh and stored for 48 h). Semen equilibration before cryopreservation affected only ATP content. However, freezing/thawing led to a dramatic decrease in all of the studied semen quality parameters. A 5-fold decrease in live sperm with intact MMP (59.8 vs. 11.9%) and a 7-fold increase in sperm ROS+ (10.8 vs. 74.4%) were recorded between fresh and frozen/thawed semen. The results strongly suggested that a significant loss of MMP and a disturbance in sperm ATP production during semen storage can be the main reason for the decline in sperm motility. The disturbance of mitochondria activity during storage seems to be associated with the increase in oxidative stress in turkey semen. Turkey sperm mitochondria also appear to be very sensitive to cryodamage. Diminished energy production in turkey spermatozoa, visible as the low percentage of sperm with an intact MMP and low level of ATP after freezing/thawing, which is associated with high ROS generation, could be responsible for the low fertilizing ability of cryopreserved turkey semen.
Controlled release of an antibiotic, gentamicin sulphate, from gravity spun polycaprolactone fibers (2007)

The antibiotic, gentamicin sulphate (GS), was incorporated in gravity-spun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers by spinning from particulate suspensions of the drug in PCL solution to produce a controlled delivery system. The production rate of GS-loaded PCL fibers was confined to the range 1-1.5 m/min and the fiber diameter to 170-220 microm. The kinetics of drug release could be adjusted by varying the GS loading of the fibers and the suspension preparation conditions. Gradual release of approximately 80% of the initial GS content was measured in phosphate buffered saline at 37 degrees C over 50 days from fibers spun from nonhomogenized suspensions, whereas loss of this amount of antibiotic occurred in less than 10 days from fibers spun from homogenized suspensions. Studies of growth inhibition of Stapyhlococcus epidermidis in culture indicated that GS released after 2 weeks from PCL fibers retained antibacterial activity. This behavior recommends further investigation of PCL fibers for local delivery of antibiotics to combat infection associated with periodontal disease, musculoskeletal injuries, and implantation of fiber-based tissue substitutes such as vascular prostheses.
Proton spectroscopy in vivo. (1993)

1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has attracted much attention in recent years. Since the proton is the most sensitive stable nucleus for MRS, and since almost all metabolites contain hydrogen atoms, it is possible to perform a noninvasive chemical analysis on tissues deep within the body of a subject. Technical solutions to the elimination of water and lipid signals as well as resolution of the large number of potential metabolite peaks have been found. Most current work is on the brain, much of it in humans. This review begins with a consideration of these technical problems and also localization, editing, quantitation, and interpretation of spectra. Two diseases are considered in detail: cerebral ischemia (including stroke and neonatal ischemic/hypoxic injury) and cancer; a further section briefly reviews studies on other diseases. In the immediate future, 1H MRS is likely to benefit from a number of technical advances: higher field magnets, better control of gradients and eddy currents, more sophisticated radiofrequency (RF) pulses, and 1H-observe/13C-edited spectroscopy all offer potential improvements. Another major improvement will come from increased user-friendliness of clinical spectrometers and use of automated objective methods for spectroscopic data analysis.
Recovering Context After Interruption (2019)

As information systems become more complex and present an increasingly rich amount of information to users, interruptions present an ever larger hurdle to operational efficiency. User interface technologies intended to support increased user-control of the transitions between computer-based tasks can help mitigate that obstacle. We present a three-pronged approach that combines dynamic interruption coordination support with context review mechanisms to aid user navigation through interruptions. These mechanisms are implemented within a spoken dialogue interface system for a radio-based human-software agent military logistics task.
Synthesis of cadmium sulfide in situ in reverse micelles. 2. Influence of the interface on the growth of the particles (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of cadmium sulfide in situ in reverse micelles. 2. Influence of the interface on the growth of the particlesC. Petit, P. Lixon, and M. P. PileniCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 4, 1598–1603Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100367a069https://doi.org/10.1021/j100367a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views910Altmetric-Citations197LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Tissue Formation and Vascularization in Anatomically Shaped Human Joint Condyle Ectopically <i>in Vivo</i> (2009)

Scale-up of bioengineered grafts toward clinical applications is a challenge in regenerative medicine. Here, we report tissue formation and vascularization of anatomically shaped human tibial condyles ectopically with a dimension of 20 x 15 x 15 mm(3). A composite of poly-epsilon-caprolactone and hydroxyapatite was fabricated using layer deposition of three-dimensional interlaid strands with interconnecting microchannels (400 microm) and seeded with human bone marrow stem cells (hMSCs) with or without osteogenic differentiation. An overlaying layer (1 mm deep) of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel encapsulating hMSCs or hMSC-derived chondrocytes was molded into anatomic shape and anchored into microchannels by gel infusion. After 6 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in athymic rats, hMSCs generated not only significantly more blood vessels, but also significantly larger-diameter vessels than hMSC-derived osteoblasts, although hMSC-derived osteoblasts yielded mineralized tissue in microchannels. Chondrocytes in safranin-O-positive glycosaminoglycan matrix were present in the cartilage layer seeded with hMSC-derived chondrogenic cells, although significantly more cells were present in the cartilage layer seeded with hMSCs than hMSC-derived chondrocytes. Together, MSCs elaborate substantially more angiogenesis, whereas their progenies yield corresponding differentiated tissue phenotypes. Scale up is probable by incorporating a combination of stem cells and their progenies in repeating modules of internal microchannels.
UNCERTAINTIES IN ESTIMATING THE WATER BALANCE OF LAKES<sup>1</sup> (1981)

ABSTRACT: Evaluation of hydrologic methodology used in a number of water balance studies of lakes in the United States shows that most of these studies calculate one or more terms of the budget as the residual. A literature review was made of studies in which the primary purpose was error analysis of hydrologic measurement and interpretation. Estimates of precipitation can have a wide range of error, depending on the gage placement, gage spacing, and areal averaging technique. Errors in measurement of individual storms can be as high as 75 percent. Errors in short term averages are commonly in the 15‐30 percent range, but decrease to about 5 percent or less for annual estimates. Errors in estimates of evaporation can also vary widely depending on instrumentation and methodology. The energy budget is the most accurate method of calculating evaporation; errors are in the 10–15 percent range. If pans are used that are located a distance from the lake of interest, errors can be considerable. Annual pan‐to‐lake coefficients should not be used for monthly estimates of evaporation because they differ from the commonly used coefficient of 0.7 by more than 100 percent. Errors in estimates of stream discharge are often considered to be within 5 percent. If the measuring section, type of flow profile, and other considerations, such as stage discharge relationship, are less than ideal errors in estimates of stream discharge can be considerably greater than 5 percent. Errors in estimating overland (nonchannelized) flow have not been evaluated, and in most lake studies this component is not mentioned. Comparison of several lake water balances in which the risdual consists solely of errors in measurement, shows that such a residual, if interpreted as ground water, can differ from an independent estimate of ground water by more than 100 percent.
Interactions between nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Nosema sp. infecting gypsy moth (1991)

Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) is the only entomopathogen that plays an important role in the natural regulation of North American gypsy moth populations. Recent European studies suggest that populations of gypsy moth in Eurasia are regulated primarily by the interactions between NPV and several species of microsporidia. Researchers have proposed that the introduction and permanent establishment of microsporidia into North American gypsy moth populations may reduce the frequency, duration, and severity of population fluctuations.
A digital high-performance multi-standard video data slicer (1998)

This paper describes the implementation of a multi-standard video data slicer. It was designed to process data of a variety of services like teletext, closed-caption etc. in multiple video norms like PAL and NTSC. For achieving high performance, the concept is completely digital and contains a self-adjusting equalizer.
Directional Feedback Delay Network (2019)

Artificial reverberation algorithms are used to enhance dry audio signals. Delay-based reverberators can produce a realistic effect at a reasonable computational cost. While the recent popularity of spatial audio algorithms is mainly related to the reproduction of the perceived direction of sound sources, there is also a need to spatialize the reverberant sound field. Usually multichannel reverberation algorithms output a series of decorrelated signals yielding an isotropic energy decay. This means that the reverberation time is uniform in all directions. However, the acoustics of physical spaces can exhibit more complex direction-dependent characteristics. This paper proposes a new method to control the directional distribution of energy over time, within a delay-based reverberator, capable of producing a directional impulse response with anisotropic energy decay. We present a method using multichannel delay lines in conjunction with a direction-dependent transform in the spherical harmonic domain to control the direction-dependent decay of the late reverberation. The new reverberator extends the feedback delay network, retaining its time-frequency domain characteristics. The proposed directional feedback delay network reverberator can produce non-uniform direction-dependent decay time, suitable for anisotropic decay reproduction on a loudspeaker array or in binaural playback through the use of ambisonics.
<title>Reactivity to thermal pain stimulus in rats exposed to low-energy laser radiation</title> (1995)

The influence on pain perception of acute and chronic exposure to infrared laser radiation applied to the skulls of rats is examined. The experiment was carried out on 60 Wistar white male rats. A semiconductive infrared laser (wavelength -- 904 nm, frequency -- 100 Hz, pulse duration -- 10 ns, mean power 10 mW, energy density 1.5 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was used. A skull fornix of rats was irradiated with use of a multidiode probe 10 minutes daily for 14 consecutive days. The pain perception was determined by the latency of foot-licking or jumping from the surface of a 56 degree(s)C hot plate. The measurements were made immediately before irradiation, at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes after irradiation, and then every 15 minutes until 120 minutes after irradiation. The pain perception is estimated immediately after irradiation, 24 hours after exposure at the 7th and 14th day of irradiation as well as at the 7th and 14th day after the last irradiation. A pretreatment with Naloxone (1 ml/kg of body weight i.p.) was made in a part of the animals in order to evaluate the involvement of the opioid system in the observed effect. Obtained data show that low-energy laser irradiation affects the pain reactivity of rats. The inhibition of the analgesic effect of laser irradiation by the antagonist of opioids -- Naloxone -- and also the prolonged character of this action as a result of direct irradiation of the skull indicate the involvement of the opioid system in the occurrence of laser-induced analgesia.
Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces (2019)

Modern microelectronics and emerging technologies such as wearable devices and soft robotics require conformable and thermally conductive thermal interface materials to improve their performance and longevity. Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) are promising candidates for these applications yet are limited by their moderate thermal conductivity, difficulty in surface-spreading, and pump-out issues. Incorporation of metallic particles into the LM can address these problems, but observed alloying processes shift the LM melting point and lead to undesirable formation of additional surface roughness. Here, these problems are addressed by introducing a mixture of tungsten microparticles dispersed within a LM matrix (LM-W) that exhibits two- to threefold enhanced thermal conductivity (62 ± 2.28 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> for gallium and 57 ± 2.08 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> for EGaInSn at a 40% filler volume mixing ratio) and liquid-to-paste transition for better surface application. It is shown that the formation of a nanometer-scale LM oxide in oxygen-rich environments allows highly nonwetting tungsten particles to mix into LMs. Using in situ imaging and particle dipping experimentation within a focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy system, the oxide-assisted mechanism behind this wetting process is revealed. Furthermore, since tungsten does not undergo room-temperature alloying with gallium, it is shown that LM-W remains a chemically stable mixture.
Material antropológico donado por el colegio Teófilo Pérez (Tegueste, Tenerife) (2007)

This paper explores and analyses the activities of Swedish organised crisis volunteers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a questionnaire and interviews, it sets out to answer two research questions on what characterised organised volunteerism during the pandemic, how organised volunteers experienced cooperation with local public actors, and how they viewed political steering. The paper contributes to a growing literature on the role of volunteers and links that role to views on political steering, something that is rarely done in disaster research. Sweden is a useful case study because of how COVID-19 was managed, as well as because there are organised crisis volunteers and a debate is occurring on how the national system is steered. The paper shows how organised volunteers adapted to changing needs and adopted new roles, that experiences of cooperation with local authorities varied, and that calls were made for a stronger national leadership and for more explicit central political steering.
A single chip LPC vocoder (1984)

A DIGITAL MOS-LSI circuit which implements a full-fuplex speech analysis/synthesis system will be reported. This vocoder IC analyzes speech in Realtime, generating a low0bit0rate digital data stream suitable for transmission or storage. Simultaneously synthesized speech can be generated from an incoming data stream.
Acetyl protected thiol methacrylic polymers as effective ligands to keep quantum dots in luminescent standby mode (2013)

Herein, we report evidence for the promising potential of 2-(acetylthio)ethylmethacrytale (AcSEMA), a new monomer, which copolymerizes with methyl methacrylate (MMA) by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) leading to well-defined multidentate protected thiol polymer ligands for CdSe QDs capping by simple ligand exchange. Among the different strategies that can be employed for coating QDs, it is found that thioacetylated polymers, in the presence of hydrophobic QDs, are able to replace trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) ligands, leading to hybrid CdSe@PMMA nanoparticles without covalent binding of the polymer to the QD surface. These polymer protected QDs exhibit high stability for long periods of time, in a low luminescence standby mode. Moreover, the fluorescence QD activation of these hybrids is easily achieved at any time from thioacetate hydrolysis to free thiol under mild conditions. This subsequent step, which results in the covalent attachment of PMMA thiol groups to the metallic QD surface, produces compact QDs which exhibit amazingly improved photophysical properties, yielding highly photoluminescent new hybrid materials. For comparison, the same procedure was applied to obtain brush-like QDs coated with PMMA obtained by ATRP with a final thioacetate group. It was then established that the multidentate thiolated polymers provide additional protection against external quenchers, such as 4-amino-TEMPO, to a greater extent than the brush-like PMMA coating and the pristine TOPO capping ligand.
The Bionanoprobe: Synchrotron-Based Hard X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy for 2D/3D Trace Element Mapping (2015)

Trace elements, particularly metals, play an important role in a large variety of cellular processes in a biological system. In the context of biological organisms and tissues, the term trace element means that over the entire organism an element is present at only trace levels, 100 ppm or lower. Trace element distribution and content can be analyzed using several techniques, for example, visible light optical fluorescence imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on an electron microscope, synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging, secondary-ion mass spectrometry, and laser ablation inductively coupled with mass spectrometry. Comprehensive reviews on these techniques are given by Lobinski et al. [1] and McRae et al. [2]. Among these techniques, synchrotron-based XRF microscopy, particularly using third-generation X-ray sources and advanced X-ray focusing optics, offers the most suitable capabilities to perform trace element studies of biological samples: the penetrating power and non-destructive nature of X rays allows one to image many-micron-thick biological samples such as whole cells in a way that visible light or electron microscopes cannot; the sensitivity of X-ray-induced XRF is down to parts per million, several orders of magnitude better than standard electron-based techniques due to the absence of bremsstrahlung background in X-ray-induced X-ray emission. The capability of imaging frozen samples in both 2D and 3D with sub-50 nm resolution in various X-ray modes has greatly advanced a broad range of scientific studies. This article describes how this technique can be used to track the incorporation of nanocomposites into cancer cells.
Space Bounds for Reliable Storage: Fundamental Limits of Coding (2015)

We study the inherent space requirements of shared storage algorithms in asynchronous fault-prone systems. Previous works use codes to achieve a better storage cost than the well-known replication approach. However, a closer look reveals that they incur extra costs somewhere else: Some use unbounded storage in communication links, while others assume bounded concurrency or synchronous periods. We prove here that this is inherent, and indeed, if there is no bound on the concurrency level, then the storage cost of any reliable storage algorithm is at least f+1 times the data size, where f is the number of tolerated failures. We further present a technique for combining erasure-codes with full replication so as to obtain the best of both. We present a storage algorithm whose storage cost is close to the lower bound in the worst case, and adapts to the concurrency level.
Mitotic trafficking of silicon microparticles (2009)

Multistage carriers were recently introduced by our laboratory, with the concurrent objectives of co-localized delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, the "theranostic" integration of bioactive moieties with imaging contrast, and the selective, potentially personalized bypassing of the multiplicity of biological barriers that adversely impact biodistribution of vascularly injected particulates. Mesoporous ("nanoporous") silicon microparticles were selected as primary carriers in multi-stage devices, with targets including vascular endothelia at pathological lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate biocompatibility of mesoporous silicon microparticles with endothelial cells using in vitro assays with an emphasis on microparticle compatibility with mitotic events. We observed that vascular endothelial cells, following internalization of silicon microparticles, maintain cellular integrity, as demonstrated by cellular morphology, viability and intact mitotic trafficking of vesicles bearing silicon microparticles. The presence of gold or iron oxide nanoparticles within the porous matrix did not alter the cellular uptake of particles or the viability of endothelial cells subsequent to engulfment of microparticles. Endothelial cells maintained basal levels of IL-6 and IL-8 release in the presence of silicon microparticles. This is the first study that demonstrates polarized, ordered partitioning of endosomes based on tracking microparticles. The finding that mitotic sorting of endosomes is unencumbered by the presence of nanoporous silicon microparticles advocates the use of silicon microparticles for biomedical applications.