gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
11.4 A High-Accuracy Multi-Phase Injection-Locked 8-Phase 7GHz Clock Generator in 65nm with 7b Phase Interpolators for High-Speed Data Links (2021)

The ever-increasing Internet data demand imposes stringent requirements on wireline transceiver speed, jitter, and power. A low-noise, multi-phase clock generator (MPCG) is a crucial building block in both forwarded-clock and clock-data-recovery (CDR) based clocking systems (Fig. 11.4.1). In CDR-based systems, a global phase-locked loop generates a low-noise, differential clock and distributes it to each lane, where a local phase adjuster, consisting of a multi-phase clock generator and phase interpolators (PIs), compensates the frequency and phase errors between the incoming data and quadrature clocks; while in a forwarded-clock system, the forwarded clock from the transmitter is adjusted by a delay line for phase deskew and the MPCG generates multiple phases for the ADCs. Multi-phase injection-locked ring oscillators (MPILOSCs) [1,2] provide accurate, low-noise, multi-phase clocks thanks to their wide locking range and symmetric structure, but generating the multi-phase injection signals with a poly-phase filter [1] or from a double/quadruple frequency [2] is power-hungry. Also, the circuits in [1,2] lack calibration for ROSC free-running frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> ) variations over PVT. Two-phase (0° and 180°) IL-ROSCs with a quadrature-locked loop (OLL) are low-power, low-area MPCGs for PIs [3-5]; differential clocks are injected into the ROSC, while the OLL adjusts the ROSC biasing to suppress the IO output error, assuming that when the f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> = f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inj</sub> , the injection frequency, the smallest IO output error and the widest ROSC noise suppression bandwidth are obtained for a given injection strength. However, simulations (Fig. 11.4.2) show that the smallest IO error occurs when f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> is near the lower edge of the locking range due to the imbalance introduced by two-phase injection, while the optimum jitter point remains at f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> = f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inj</sub> . As a result, when using a OLL, the injection strength has to be increased to get a sufficiently large noise suppression bandwidth. However, the stronger injection degrades the amplitude and slope balance between stages with injection, and stages without injection, which degrades the phase accuracy. In a OLL-based architecture, there is a tradeoff among IO accuracy, jitter, and power consumption.
Catastrophic Outcomes in Free Tissue Transfer: A Six-Year Review of the NSQIP Database (2014)

Background. No studies report robust data on the national incidence and risk factors associated with catastrophic medical outcomes following free tissue transfer. Methods. The American College of Surgeons (ACS) multicenter, prospective National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used to identify patients who underwent free tissue transfer between 2006 and 2011. Multivariable logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Results. Over the 6-year study period 2,349 patients in the NSQIP database underwent a free tissue transfer procedure. One hundred and twenty-two patients had at least one catastrophic medical outcome (5.2%). These 122 patients had 151 catastrophic medical outcomes, including 93 postoperative respiratory failure events (4.0%), 14 pulmonary emboli (0.6%), 13 septic shock events (0.5%), 12 myocardial infarctions (0.5%), 6 cardiac arrests (0.3%), 4 strokes (0.2%), 1 coma (0.0%), and 8 deaths (0.3%). Total length of hospital stay was on average 14.7 days longer for patients who suffered a catastrophic medical complication (P < 0.001). Independent risk factors were identified. Conclusions. Free tissue transfer is a proven and safe technique. Catastrophic medical complications were infrequent but added significantly to length of hospital stay and patient morbidity.
A Model of Sustainability Evaluation Based on PAC and AHP (2016)

We set a model of sustainability evaluation based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). We defined sustainability index , which reflects the sustainable development level of a country . Through our model, as long as we know the relevant data of a country, it is capable for us to calculate the sustainability index exactly. And then we can judge if the country is sustainable development or not. Moreover , we also set up environment index , resource index , economy index and society index to find out what has blocked the sustainable development of a country, which is useful for us to determine policies as well as provide assistance.
Development of a handheld near-infrared imager for dynamic characterization of in vivo biological tissue systems (2007)

A handheld near-infrared imager was developed for real-time monitoring of tissue physiologic changes in response to dynamic compression stimuli. Both 2D and 3D imaging schemas were developed for reconstruction of tissue heterogeneities based on optical measurements. The handheld imager and the dynamic imaging schema were validated on both benchtop phantoms and in vivo human tissues. The benchtop tests demonstrated that the imager was able to reconstruct absorption properties of the embedded heterogeneity with accuracy and repeatability. The tests on in vivo human tissues demonstrated that the imager was able to generate various dynamic loading profiles with reproducibility and to detect tissue optical, mechanical, and physiologic changes under the dynamic loading condition.
One-Component Group 4 Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta Olefin Polymerization Catalysts: Hydroboration of Zirconium Bisalkyls with Pendant 2-Propenyl Groups Using [(C6F5)2BH]2 (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-Component Group 4 Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta Olefin Polymerization Catalysts: Hydroboration of Zirconium Bisalkyls with Pendant 2-Propenyl Groups Using [(C6F5)2BH]2Rupert E. v. H. Spence and Warren E. PiersCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 10, 4617–4624Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00010a028https://doi.org/10.1021/om00010a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Widely tunable 1.5 µm micromechanical opticalfilter usingAlO <i> <sub>x</sub> </i> /AlGaAs DBR (1997)

The authors demonstrate, for the first time, a wavelength tunable optical filter at 1.55 µm using micromechanical tuning of a Fabry-Perot resonator with an AlOx/AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR). The use of thermally oxidised AlAs layers, resulting an ultrawide bandwidth, dramatically increased the tuning range and efficiency of the resonator. Very efficient continuous tuning of > 50 nm with only a 0.95 V tuning voltage was achieved. The tuning range, limited by our test laser, is expected to be expandable to hundreds of nm.
A 50-MHz CMOS quadrature charge sampling circuit with 66 dB SFDR (2004)

The quadrature charge sampling circuit realization in 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS is presented. The circuit performs complex band-pass filtering for a real-valued 50-MHz IF input signal providing 18 dB of inherent anti-aliasing rejection and downconverters it into baseband quadrature (I/Q) components by subsampling. The measured 3rd-order input intercept-point (IIP/sub 3/) is +25 dBV at 50 MHz, while the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is more than 66 dB up to 100 MHz operating frequency. The power consumption without output buffers is 30 mW from a 3.3 V supply.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Transcription in a Macrophage Model of Inflammation (2006)

Infections involving LPS-bearing, Gram-negative bacteria can lead to acute inflammation and septic shock. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors, is importantly involved in these responses. We examined the dynamics of COX-2 gene expression in RAW264.7 murine macrophages treated with LPS as a model for COX-2 gene expression during inflammation. We established, using Northern blotting, nuclear run-on assays, and RT-PCR, that COX-2 transcriptional activation continues for at least 12 h after LPS treatment and involves at least three phases. Previous studies with murine macrophages identified an NF-kappaB site, a C/EBP site, and a cAMP response element-1 (CRE-1) as cis-acting elements in the COX-2 promoter. We identified three additional functional elements including a second CRE (CRE-2), an AP-1 site, and an E-box that overlaps CRE-1. The E-box mediates transcriptional repression whereas the other cis-elements are activating. Using electrophoretic mobility supershift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we cataloged binding to each functional cis element and found them occupied to varying extents and by different transcription factors during the 12 h following LPS treatment. This suggests that the cis elements and their cognate transcription factors participate in a sequential, coordinated regulation of COX-2 gene expression during an inflammatory response. In support of this concept, we found, using inhibitors of Jun kinase and NF-kappaB p50 nuclear localization, that COX-2 gene transcription was completely dependent on phospho-c-Jun plus p50 at 6 h after LPS treatment but was only partially dependent on the combination of these factors at later treatment times.
Materials Data on TiO2 by Materials Project (2020)

TiO2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.78–2.34 Å. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 28°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.86–2.16 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Ti4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to three Ti4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a linear geometry to two Ti4+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Ti4+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing OTi4 trigonal pyramids.
Electrical properties of amorphous tantalum pentoxide thin films on silicon (1983)

The electrical characteristics of Al/Ta2O5/Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors were studied. Ta2O5 thin films on n- and p-type silicon had been prepared by thermal oxidation of sputter or electron-beam deposited Ta films. The direct current leakage was found to be about 3×l0−6 (Al positive) or 6×l0−5 A/cm2 (Al negative) at an applied field of 1 MV/cm. The breakdown strength is between 3 and 4 MV/cm (Al negative on p-type Si). The dielectric constant is 22–30 when measured at 1 MHz. The flat-band voltage is positive (+0.81±0.09 V) and exhibits an instability with respect to voltage-time stresses at room temperature. It can shift to more positive (maximum shift ∼−2 V) or more negative values (maximum shift ∼-2 V), depending on the conditions of the voltage-time stress. A post-metal (after the deposition of the Al electrodes) anneal of the MIS structure at 400 °C for 30 min in 90% Ar–l0% H2 yields a negative flat-band voltage (−0.08±0.11 V) and partly removes the instability.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Films with Binding Properties Enhanced by the Reaction-Induced Phase Separation of a Sacrificial Polymeric Porogen (2005)

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials that mimic the behavior of natural antibodies while exhibiting far greater stability than their natural counterparts. Although potentially very useful as recognition elements in chemical sensors, a major obstacle to their widespread application has been the difficulty in preparing MIPs in the thin-film format that is necessary for coupling them to interrogative transducers. This paper offers a solution to this problem by presenting a straightforward approach to the in situ synthesis of MIP films with good control of thickness and porosity. Spin coating is used to spread a pre-polymerization mixture, which is polymerized in situ with UV light. A key aspect of this process is the reaction-induced phase separation between the rapidly polymerizing acrylate monomers and a sacrificial linear polymer porogen. We studied the degree of phase separation and the ability of the films to rebind the target analyte as functions of the concentration and molecular weight of the polymer porogen, the volatility of the nonreactive solvent, and the spin rate used during polymerization. The current focus is on producing films with thicknesses ranging from approximately 1 micron to 10s of microns; however, the technique can easily be adapted to prepare films as thin as 10s of nanometers, enabling their use as recognition elements for a wide variety of chemical sensing platforms.
Themes in RNA-protein recognition (1999)

Atomic resolution structures are now available for more than 20 complexes of proteins with specific RNAs. This review examines two main themes that appear in this set of structures. A "groove binder" class of proteins places a protein structure (alpha-helix, 310-helix, beta-ribbon, or irregular loop) in the groove of an RNA helix, recognizing both the specific sequence of bases and the shape or dimensions of the groove, which are sometimes distorted from the normal A-form. A second class of proteins uses beta-sheet surfaces to create pockets that examine single-stranded RNA bases. Some of these proteins recognize completely unstructured RNA, and in others RNA secondary structure indirectly promotes binding by constraining bases in an appropriate orientation. Thermodynamic studies have shown that binding specificity is generally a function of several factors, including base-specific hydrogen bonds, non-polar contacts, and mutual accommodation of the protein and RNA-binding surfaces. The recognition strategies and structural frameworks used by RNA binding proteins are not exotically different from those employed by DNA-binding proteins, suggesting that the two kinds of nucleic acid-binding proteins have not evolved independently.
Data Provenance architecture to support Information Assurance in a Multi-Level Secure Environment (2009)

We describe a framework for capturing data provenance information to support Information assurance attributes like availability, authentication, confidentiality, integrity and non-repudiation. Our approach is applicable to multi-level secure systems where it is not always possible to directly provide data source and data transformation information. We achieve this by combining the subjective and objective trust in data as a "Figure of Merit" value that can cross security boundaries. Our architecture captures the data provenance information around the 'invariant' part of a message in an XML-based SOA architecture. We also introduce the notion of 'wrappers' so that data provenance can be added on while minimizing impact to an existing workflow. We outline a simulation-based framework that allows us to inject faults to model various threats and attacks. We also discuss a dashboard view of a workflow that brings together the intrinsic information assurance attributes of a workflow as it was designed as well as its execution in a deployed system. The dashboard can also be used for "what-if analysis to understand vulnerabilities and determine impact of compromised assets <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.</b>
Hydrothermal Treatment of E-Waste Plastics for Tertiary Recycling: Product Slate and Decomposition Mechanisms (2018)

Amounts of e-waste plastics have been one of the fast growing global waste streams and threaten to grow into an unmanageable problem. This phenomenon needs to be solved urgently by efficient and cost-effective ways. In this study, a novel hydrothermal treatment technology was implemented to convert the e-waste plastics into organic products which can be used as monomers of plastic production or chemical feedstock. We systematically investigated the recovery efficiencies of organic products, the product slate, the possible hydrothermal degradation mechanisms, and the microstructure of solid residues. The results showed that the yields of organic products derived from four kinds of e-waste plastics ranged from 81.4 to 97.6 wt % at 350 °C. The recovered products contained styrene monomers, styrene derivatives, bisphenol A (BPA), caprolactam (CPL), and other valuable commodity chemicals. On the basis of the systematic analysis of hydrothermal organic products, the possible degradation mechanisms were proposed which involved a variety of reactions such as depolymerization, hydrothermal cracking, hydrolysis, nucleophilic substitution, and free radical reaction in it. The degradation mechanisms provided the theoretical basis for the hydrothermal treatment of e-waste plastics. All of the results demonstrated that hydrothermal treatment is a viable and prospective method for sustainable recycling of e-waste plastics.
Productive Coupling of Accessible Vβ14 Segments and DJβ Complexes Determines the Frequency of Vβ14 Rearrangement (2008)

To elucidate mechanisms that regulate Vbeta rearrangement, we generated and analyzed mice with a V(D)J recombination reporter cassette of germline Dbeta-Jbeta segments inserted into the endogenous Vbeta14 locus (Vbeta14(Rep)). As a control, we first generated and analyzed mice with the same Dbeta-Jbeta cassette targeted into the generally expressed c-myc locus (c-myc(Rep)). Substantial c-myc(Rep) recombination occurred in both T and B cells and initiated concurrently with endogenous Dbeta to Jbeta rearrangements in thymocytes. In contrast, Vbeta14(Rep) recombination was restricted to T cells and initiated after endogenous Dbeta to Jbeta rearrangements, but concurrently with endogenous Vbeta14 rearrangements. Thus, the local chromatin environment imparts lineage and developmental stage-specific accessibility upon the inserted reporter. Although Vbeta14 rearrangements occur on only 5% of endogenous TCRbeta alleles, the Vbeta14(Rep) cassette underwent rearrangement on 80-90% of alleles, supporting the suggestion that productive coupling of accessible Vbeta14 segments and DJbeta complexes influence the frequency of Vbeta14 rearrangements. Strikingly, Vbeta14(Rep) recombination also occurs on TCRbeta alleles lacking endogenous Vbeta to DJbeta rearrangements, indicating that Vbeta14 accessibility per se is not subject to allelic exclusion.
Dynamic Rate Allocation of Interactive Multi-View Video with View-Switch Prediction (2016)

In Interactive Multi-View Video (IMVV), the video has been captured by numbers of\ncameras positioned in array and transmitted those camera views to users. The user can\ninteract with the transmitted video content by choosing viewpoints (views from different\ncameras in the array) with the expectation of minimum transmission delay while\nchanging among various views. View switching delay is one of the primary concern that\nis dealt in this thesis work, where the contribution is to minimize the transmission delay\nof new view switch frame through a novel process of selection of the predicted view\nand compression considering the transmission efficiency. Mainly considered a realtime\nIMVV streaming, and the view switch is mapped as discrete Markov chain, where\nthe transition probability is derived using Zipf distribution, which provides information\nregarding view switch prediction. To eliminate Round-Trip Time (RTT) transmission\ndelay, Quantization Parameters (QP) are adaptively allocated to the remaining redundant\ntransmitted frames to maintain view switching time minimum, trading off with\nthe quality of the video till RTT time-span. The experimental results of the proposed\nmethod show superior performance on PSNR and view switching delay for better viewing quality over the existing methods.
Involvement of the Apoptotic Mechanism in Pemphigus Foliaceus Autoimmune Injury of the Skin (2009)

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an organ-specific autoimmune skin disease characterized by subcorneal epidermal cell detachment (acantholysis) and pathogenic autoantibodies against desmoglein 1. The mechanism responsible for pemphigus autoantibody-induced epidermal injury is not fully understood. In this study, we used the IgG passive transfer mouse model of PF to investigate the relevance of the apoptotic mechanism in pemphigus pathogenesis. TUNEL-positive epidermal cells and increased oligonucleosomes in the epidermal cytosolic fractions were detected in the diseased mice. Time course study reveals that TUNEL-positive epidermal cells appear before intraepidermal blisters. Moreover, the proapoptotic factor Bax was up-regulated at the earlier time points (2 and 4 h), whereas the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-x(L) was down-regulated at the later time points (6, 8, and 20 h) post-PF IgG injection by Western blot analysis. The active forms of caspase-3 and -6 were detected at the later time period (6, 8, and 20 h). Administration of Ac-DEVD-cmk, a peptide-based caspase-3/7 inhibitor, protected mice from developing intraepidermal blisters and clinical disease induced by PF IgG. The same protective effect was also observed using a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, Bok-D-fmk. Collectively, these findings show that biochemical events of apoptosis are provoked in the epidermis of mice injected with PF autoantibodies. Caspase activation may contribute to acantholytic blister formation in PF.
Why simple is best (2019)

Public displays play an important role in information dissemination - market reports highlight the increasing number of displays deployed. Due to the often prominent placement of public displays in the physical environment, displays can play an important role in the dissemination of trusted content, particularly during emergency situations. In order to leverage displays in emergency situations however, appropriate content creation and dissemination technology is key to allow display and space owners to efficiently distribute important information and target affected user groups. In this paper, we present our lessons learned from designing and developing an emergency alerts system in the context of a large public display testbed. We provide insights into two design probes and feedback captured through focus groups with stakeholders of the display network. Based on the feedback, we provide insights into requirements captured and provide a discussion on lessons and design considerations.