gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of extremely compact capillary discharge soft x-ray lasers to dense plasma diagnostics (2003)

Table-top capillary discharge soft x-ray lasers combine the advantages of a small size and a high repetition rate with an extremely high brightness similar to that of their laboratory-size predecessors. When utilized to probe high density plasmas their short wavelength results in a higher critical density, reduced refraction, decreased free-electron absorption, and higher resolution as compared to optical probes. These characteristics allow the design of experiments capable of measuring the evolution of plasmas with density–scale length products that are outside the reach of optical lasers. This paper reviews the use of a 46.9 nm wavelength Ne-like Ar capillary discharge table-top laser in dense plasma diagnostics, and reports soft x-ray laser interferometry results of spot-focus Nd:YAG laser plasmas created at moderate irradiation intensity (∼7×1012 W cm−2) with ∼13 ns pulse width duration laser pulses. The measurements produced electron density maps with densities up to 0.9×1021 cm−3 that show the development of a concave electron density profile that differ significantly from those of a classical expansion. This two-dimensional behavior, that was recently also observed in line-focus plasmas, is analyzed here for the case of spot-focus plasmas with the assistance of hydrodynamic model simulations. The results demonstrate the use of a table-top soft x-ray laser interferometer as a new high resolution tool for the study of high density plasma phenomena and the validation of hydrodynamic codes.
Multi-channel psychoacoustically motivated speech enhancement (2003)

Multichannel techniques offer advantages in noise reduction and overall output signal quality when compared to the well studied mono approaches. In this paper we present an original multichannel psychoacoustically motivates noise reduction algorithm that naturally extends the single channel psychoacoustic masking filter previously studied in the literature [S. Gustafsson et al., 1999]. The optimality criterion is designed to simultaneously satisfy the psychoacoustic masking principle and minimize the signal total distortion. In experiments on real data recorded in a noisy car environment, we show the enhanced performance of the two-channel solution in terms of artifacts and overall tradeoff between artifacts and amount of noise removed as given by word recognition rates.
Identification of epicatechin as one of the key bioactive constituents of polyphenol-enriched extracts that demonstrate an anti-allergic effect in a murine model of food allergy (2014)

Polyphenols are naturally derived bioactive compounds with numerous reported health benefits. We have previously reported on the beneficial effect of a polyphenol-enriched apple extract in a murine model of food allergy. The objectives of the present study were to elucidate the class of bioactive polyphenols that exhibit a beneficial anti-allergic effect and to assess whether the protective effect matches the in vivo bioavailable metabolite concentrations. Female BALB/c mice were sensitised to ovalbumin (OVA) following the protocol of a well-established murine model of food allergy. They were fed diets containing polyphenol-enriched extracts or purified epicatechin for 8 d after the last sensitisation. The sensitised mice were orally challenged with OVA after the intervention. The allergy symptoms, in addition to allergen-specific serum Ig concentrations and gene expression profiles in the intestine, of the control and treated mice were compared. Plasma samples were collected to compare the concentrations of bioavailable epicatechin metabolites in the treatment groups. Polyphenol-enriched fruit extracts containing epicatechin exhibited a significant anti-allergic effect in vivo. This effect was unambiguously attributed to epicatechin, as oral administration of this purified polyphenol to sensitised mice by inclusion in their diet modulated allergy symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. Immune parameters were also affected by the administration of epicatechin. Bioavailability measurements in plasma indicated that the attenuation of allergy symptoms could be due to the higher concentrations of bioavailable epicatechin metabolites. In conclusion, epicatechin is a key bioactive polyphenol that has the ability to modulate allergy outcomes in sensitised mice.
Dynamic ramp-rate control to smooth short-term power fluctuations in large photovoltaic plants using battery storage systems (2016)

The changeability in the power produced by utility-scale PV plants caused by passing clouds can compromise power quality and reliability. Hence, some kind of energy storage systems (ESS) are required to reduce power variations below the limits imposed by new grid codes regulations. Here, we propose a novel control strategy to smooth out the fluctuations by using an energy storage system, namely dynamic ramp-rate control, which provides simultaneously a simple state of charge (SOC) control and 30 % less cycling degradation than classic ramp-rate control, as only is triggered when a fluctuation takes place. In addition, the strategy parameters can be tuned in order to reduce the capacity requirements by only modifying the SOC band values wherein the strategy is active. The novel techinque has been shown to work effectively with 5-s real power measurements recorded at the Amareleja PV plant (45.6 MWp, Portugal).
Cytolethal Distending Toxin (Cdt)‐Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from a Child with Bloody Diarrhea in Japan (2007)

In a retrospective analysis by PCR, the cdtI gene encoding the cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) was detected in Escherichia coli O2:H12 strain isolated from the bloody diarrheal stool specimen of a child. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the possible association of Cdt-producing E. coli in Japan, particularly in a child with bloody diarrhea.
Implementing fair queueing in ATM switches. I. A practical methodology for the analysis of delay bounds (2002)

The minimization of the implementation cost of cell schedulers which aim at approximating the generalized processor sharing (GPS) policy is a key practical issue in next-generation ATM switches. The total complexity of a GPS-related scheduler is a combination of the complexity of its system-potential function and the complexity involved in sorting the timestamps in order to select which cell should be transmitted. Several scheduling disciplines using a system-potential function of O(1) complexity have previously been introduced; still, the task of sorting the timestamps makes the cost of implementing a GPS-related scheduler quite significant. Thus, in practice, approximations are often introduced in the scheduler to reduce implementation complexity, typically at the cost of some degradation in the delay properties of the scheduler. In order to optimize the design so that such degradations are minimized, a tool is necessary, in the form of a general methodology to promptly and accurately analyze the delay properties. To truly aid in the design of the scheduler, such methodology should be simple to use in all practical situations. We present a methodology that fulfills this need. In the case of leaky-bucket constrained sources, we explicitly derive a general result for the delay bounds; our methodology, however, is applicable to other source models.
Address translation in telecommunication features (2004)

Address translation causes a wide variety of interactions among telecommunication features. This article begins with a formal model of address translation and its effects, and with principles for understanding how features should interact in the presence of address translation. There is a simple and intuitive set of constraints on feature behavior so that features will interact according to the principles. This scheme (called "ideal address translation") has provable properties, is modular (explicit cooperation among features is not required), and supports extensibility (adding new features does not require changing old features). The article also covers reasoning in the presence of exceptions to the constraints, limitations of the theory, relation to real networks and protocols, and relation to other research.
A network-assisted system for energy efficiency in mobile devices (2011)

We present the design and implementation of Scepter, a system with explicit infrastructure support to reduce energy consumption and improve battery life of mobile devices. Scepter focuses on effective techniques that can reduce the total number of bits transmitted to communicate the same information from a mobile device to a base station. Scepter combines multiple techniques into a single unified architecture by utilizing a stateful proxy located within the infrastructure close to the wireless base station. Scepter intentionally introduces asymmetries in wireless communication tasks between a mobile device and the stateful proxy to provide greater energy advantages to the mobile device. In this work, we have implemented all capabilities of Scepter as various kernel- and user-level enhancements. Our detailed evaluation demonstrates the performance advantages of Scepter. In various experiments with different wireless conditions and traffic patterns, Scepter improves the energy consumption of these devices between 15% and 54%.
A method for measurement of oxygen uptake in neonates (1979)

The frequent use of continuous positive airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure in newborn infants with pulmonary disease has prevented the use of conventional methods for measuring oxygen uptake (VO2) in intensive-care units. A feed-back replenishment technique for the determination of the oxygen uptake of these newborn infants has been developed. An instrument utilizing this method has been designed and built permitting continuous VO2 monitoring without interfering in the routine ventilatory therapy of the critically ill infant. Theoretical, bench, and animal experiments using room air as an inspired gas indicate instrument accuracies as a percentage of full scale of 2.4, 2.8, and 7.3, respectively. Preliminary trials on infants demonstrate that the instrument functions satisfactorily in the newborn intensive-care unit.
Aspirin‐triggered lipoxin A <sub>4</sub> and lipoxin A <sub>4</sub> up‐regulate transcriptional corepressor NAB1 in human neutrophils (2001)

Aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A4 (ATL) is an endogenous lipid mediator that mimics the actions of native lipoxin A4, a putative "stop signal" involved in regulating resolution of inflammation. A metabolically more stable analog of ATL, 15-epi-16-(para-fluoro)-phenoxy-lipoxin A4 analog (ATLa), inhibits neutrophil recruitment in vitro and in vivo and displays potent anti-inflammatory actions. ATLa binds with high affinity to the lipoxin A4 receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor on the surface of leukocytes. In this study, we used freshly isolated human neutrophils to examine ATLa's potential for initiating rapid nuclear responses. Using differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we identified a subset of genes that was selectively up-regulated upon short exposure of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to ATLa but not to the chemoattractant leukotriene B4 or vehicle alone. We further investigated ATLa regulation of one of the genes, NAB1, a transcriptional corepressor identified previously as a glucocorticoid-responsive gene in hamster smooth muscle cells. Treatment of human neutrophils with pertussis toxin blocked ATLa up-regulation of NAB1. In addition, ATLa stimulated NAB1 gene expression in murine lung vascular smooth muscle in vivo. These findings provide evidence for rapid transcriptional induction of a cassette of genes via an ATLa-stimulated G protein-coupled receptor pathway that is potentially protective and overlaps with the anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid regulatory circuit.
An acoustic keystroke transient canceler for speech communication terminals using a semi-blind adaptive filter model (2016)

In many teleconferencing applications using modern laptop and net-book devices it is common to encounter annoying keyboard typing noise. In this paper we propose an acoustic keystroke transient canceler for speech communication terminals as a novel broadband adaptive filter application in such a hands-free scenario. We present this approach in the context of the Google Chromebook Pixel device which is equipped with a special audio reference channel providing various new signal processing possibilities. Our novel semi-blind/semi-supervised approach exploiting this new degree of freedom, combined with the system-based broadband estimation and a novel adaptation control yields a high-quality speech enhancement even under challenging acoustic conditions.
A CERVIMETER FOR CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF CERVICAL DILATATION IN LABOUR—PRELIMINARY RESULTS (1978)

We briefly review instruments that have been used to measure cervical dilatation and describe the development of a new cervimeter. Curves derived from cervical dilatation and intrauterine pressure traces are presented in a form that clearly records the activity of the uterus and the response of the cervix to individual contractions. Our results suggest a new concept for behaviour of the cervix in labour.
Toward surface quantification of liver fibrosis progression (2010)

Monitoring liver fibrosis progression by liver biopsy is important for certain treatment decisions, but repeated biopsy is invasive. We envision redefinition or elimination of liver biopsy with surface scanning of the liver with minimally invasive optical methods. This would be possible only if the information contained on or near liver surfaces accurately reflects the liver fibrosis progression in the liver interior. In our study, we acquired the second-harmonic generation and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy images of liver tissues from bile duct-ligated rat model of liver fibrosis. We extracted morphology-based features, such as total collagen, collagen in bile duct areas, bile duct proliferation, and areas occupied by remnant hepatocytes, and defined the capsule and subcapsular regions on the liver surface based on image analysis of features. We discovered a strong correlation between the liver fibrosis progression on the anterior surface and interior in both liver lobes, where biopsy is typically obtained. The posterior surface exhibits less correlation with the rest of the liver. Therefore, scanning the anterior liver surface would obtain similar information to that obtained from biopsy for monitoring liver fibrosis progression.
Cannabinoid glycosides: <i>In vitro</i> production of a new class of cannabinoids with improved physicochemical properties (2017)

Abstract The cannabinoid signaling system has recently garnered attention as a therapeutic target for numerous indications, and cannabinoids are now being pursued as new treatment options in diverse medical fields such as neurology, gastroenterology, pain management, and oncology. Cannabinoids are extremely hydrophobic and relatively unstable compounds, and as a result, formulation and delivery options are severely limited. Enzymatic glycosylation is a strategy to alter the physicochemical properties of small molecules, often improving their stability and aqueous solubility, as well as enabling site-specific drug targeting strategies. To determine if cannabinoids are a candidate for glycosylation, a library of glucosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes was screened for glycosylation activity towards various cannabinoids. The UGT76G1 enzyme from Stevia rebaudiana has been identified as having glucosyltransferase activity towards a broad range of cannabinoids. Compounds that were successfully glycosylated by UGT76G1 include the phytocannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD), Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC), cannabidivarin (CBDV), and cannabinol (CBN), and the human endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2AG), 1-arachidonoyl-glycerol (1AG), and synaptamide (DHEA). Interestingly, UGT76G1 is able to transfer primary, secondary, and tertiary glycosylations at each acceptor of most of the cannabinoids tested. Additionally, Os03g0702000p, a glycosyltransferase from Oryza sativa , was able to transfer secondary glucose residues onto cannabinoid monoglycosides previously established by UGT76G1. This new class of cannabinoid-glycosides has been termed cannabosides. The compounds have greatly improved solubility in aqueous solutions. This increased aqueous solubility may enable new oral pharmaceutical delivery options for cannabinoids, as well as targeted delivery and release of cannabinoids within the intestines through glycoside prodrug metabolism.
Development of High Pressure Fuel Pump for DI Engine (2011)

Direct injection (DI) is becoming increasingly popular among gasoline automotive engines, due to its benefits for fuel consumption and engine output. A key component of a DI system is the fuel pump, which must deliver fuel at much higher pressures than a conventional spark ignition (SI) engine. For a DI fuel pump, maximum fuel flow rate, maximum operation speed, electrical power consumptions and noise are conflicting requirements. This paper describes the development of a compact single-cylinder DI fuel pump which achieves increased fuel flow rates while consuming decreased electrical power and generating less noise, compared to conventional DI fuel pumps currently in the market. This is achieved by the introduction of a new concept for the flow rate control valve, so called normally close valve. The construction of this valve allows it to have smallest air gap between magnetic surfaces at valve open position, which makes it possible to generate high magnetic force with less electrical energy. Moreover, the magnetic force is used for handling hydraulic force, which makes it possible to handle higher flow rate. In addition, the flow rate control valve moves passively by the hydraulic forces, such that the impact noise at valve opening is reduced significantly.
High-Speed Application Protocol Parsing and Extraction for Deep Flow Inspection (2014)

In this paper, we propose FlowSifter, a framework for automated online application protocol field extraction. FlowSifter is based on a new grammar model called Counting Regular Grammars (CRG) and a corresponding automata model called Counting Automata (CA). The CRG and CA models add counters with update functions and transition guards to regular grammars and finite state automata. These additions give CRGs and CAs the ability to parse and extract fields from context sensitive application protocols. These additions also facilitate fast and stackless approximate parsing of recursive structures. These new grammar models enable FlowSifter to generate optimized Layer 7 field extractors from simple extraction specifications. We compare FlowSifter against both BinPAC and UltraPAC, which represent the state-of-the-art field extractors. Our experiments show that when compared to BinPAC parsers, FlowSifter runs more than 21 times faster and uses 49 times less memory. When compared to UltraPAC parsers, FlowSifter extractors run 12 times faster and use 24 times less memory.
A 2-transistor/1-resistor artificial synapse capable of communication and stochastic learning in neuromorphic systems (2015)

Resistive (or memristive) switching devices based on metal oxides find applications in memory, logic and neuromorphic computing systems. Their small area, low power operation, and high functionality meet the challenges of brain-inspired computing aiming at achieving a huge density of active connections (synapses) with low operation power. This work presents a new artificial synapse scheme, consisting of a memristive switch connected to 2 transistors responsible for gating the communication and learning operations. Spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is achieved through appropriate shaping of the pre-synaptic and the post synaptic spikes. Experiments with integrated artificial synapses demonstrate STDP with stochastic behavior due to (i) the natural variability of set/reset processes in the nanoscale switch, and (ii) the different response of the switch to a given stimulus depending on the initial state. Experimental results are confirmed by model-based simulations of the memristive switching. Finally, system-level simulations of a 2-layer neural network and a simplified STDP model show random learning and recognition of patterns.
RF telemetry system for an implantable bio-MEMS sensor (2004)

In this paper, a novel miniature inductor and a pick-up antenna for contact less powering and RF telemetry from implantable bio-MEMS sensors are presented. The design of the inductor and the pick-up antenna are discussed. In addition, the measured characteristics at the design frequency of 330 MHz have been shown.
An incentive-compatible multi-armed bandit mechanism (2007)

This paper presents a truthful sponsored search auction based on an incentive-compatible multi-armed bandit mechanism. The mechanism described combines several desirable traits. The mechanism gives advertisers the incentive to report their true bid, learns the click-through rate for advertisements, allows for slots with different quality, and loses the minimum welfare during the sampling process.
An Iterative Channel Estimation Method using Superimposed Training in OFDM Systems (2008)

In this work an iterative time domain least squares (LS) based channel estimation method using superimposed training (ST) for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system over frequency selective fading channels is proposed for the IEEE 802.16e 2005 standard. The estimate of the channel is generalized to provide scope for exploiting the coherence time and the coherence bandwidth for an improved performance. The performance of the channel estimator is analyzed in terms of the Mean Square Estimation Error (MSEE) and its impact on the uncoded Bit Error Rate (BER) of the OFDM system is studied. The selection criterion for the training sequences is proposed by jointly optimizing the MSEE and the BER of the OFDM system. Such a sequence is required to have an impulse like autocorrelation for lags extending at least up to the order of the estimator and also ensure a fair distribution of the residual interference due to the training sequence on the data symbols prior to data detection in all the used subcarriers. The effectiveness of the mathematical analysis presented is demonstrated through a comparison with the simulation studies. Also, the proposed scheme is applied to the standard, its suitability is examined and a case is made with the required design of the sequence.