gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-spin relaxation in bulk GaAs for doping densities close to the metal-to-insulator transition (2010)

We have measured the electron-spin-relaxation rate and the integrated spin noise power in $n$-doped GaAs for temperatures between 4 and 80 K and for doping concentrations ranging from $2.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}$ to $8.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ using spin noise spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent measurements show a clear transition from localized to free electrons for the lower doped samples and confirm mainly free electrons at all temperatures for the highest doped sample. While the sample at the metal-to-insulator transition shows the longest spin-relaxation time at low temperatures, a clear crossing of the spin-relaxation rates is observed at 70 K and the highest doped sample reveals the longest spin-relaxation time above 70 K.
MR lymphangiography using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide in patients with primary abdominal and pelvic malignancies: radiographic-pathologic correlation. (1999)

USPIO appears to be a useful MR contrast agent for characterizing benign and malignant lymph nodes based on the enhancement criteria evaluated in our study.
Reovirus-specific polypeptides: analysis using discontinuous gel electrophoresis (1976)

The electrophoretic analysis of reovirus-specific polypeptides in infected cells using a discontinuous gel system has allowed the resolution of additional viral-specific polypeptides, including one large-sized gamma3 and two (or possibly three) medium-sized (mu3, mu4, mu5(?)) species. The proteins designated mu0, sigma1, and sigma2 based on electrophoretic mobility in gel systems containing phosphate-urea correspond to mu4, sigma2, and sigma1, respectively, when analyzed in systems containing Tris-glycine. It is likely that protein modifications (phosphorylation and glycosylation) are responsible for at least some of these differences.
Antibody response in the parotid fluid and serum of Irus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) after local immunization with Streptococcus mutans (1975)

The antibody response of Macaca fascicularis in parotid saliva and serum to local immunization by two routes with Streptococcus mutans was studied and compared over 1 year. Antibodies were titrated and classified by indirect immunofluorescent staining using specific antiglobulin conjugates. Antiglucosyltransferase activity was assayed by an enzyme inhibition test. Animals were immunized first by injecting formalin-killed bacterial cells and cell products subcutaneously into the vicinity of the four major salivary glands. The monkeys were next immunized by retrograde instillation of antigen into the parotid duct. Extensive subcutaneous local immunization gave a serum response only. After parotid duct immunization, high titers of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody, along with traces of immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, appeared in the parotid saliva, and in the serum high titers of IgG antibody were present along with lower titers of IgA and IgM. IgA antibodies in parotid fluid were shown by double immunofluorescent staining to be associated with antigenic determinants which cross-reacted with an antiserum directed to human secretory component. Titers in parotid fluids and sera fell sharply when immunization was stopped. This response pattern was reproducible. High concentrations of antibody capable of inhibiting glucosyltransferase prepared from S. mutans were found in the sera, but relatively little was detected in the parotid fluids. Extensive immunization via the parotid duct resulted in transient functional impairment of the gland, as evidenced by diminished salivary flow rates. We conclude that parotid ductal immunization can be an effective method for stimulating a salivary secretory IgA antibacterial antibody response.
Integrated packet networks with quality of service constraints (2002)

The authors propose a QoS (quality of service) framework which strikes a balance between the quality criteria of the service providers and the quality requirement of the users. QoS is classified in terms of performance, resource, and priority constraints. The authors discuss how this framework fits into a connection-oriented fast packet environment. They also show how QoS negotiation is conducted in such a network, so that the QoS of the available network resources matches that needed by the users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Superior Efficacy of Letrozole Versus Tamoxifen as First-Line Therapy for Postmenopausal Women With Advanced Breast Cancer: Results of a Phase III Study of the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group (2001)

Letrozole was significantly superior to tamoxifen in TTP, TTF, ORR, and clinical benefit rate. Our results support its use as first-line endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer.
ATPase and GTPase activities associated with Semliki Forest virus nonstructural protein nsP2 (1994)

The replication of Semliki Forest virus requires four nonstructural proteins (nsP1 to nsP4), all derived from the same polyprotein. One of these, nsP2, is a multifunctional protein needed in RNA replication and in the processing of the nonstructural polyprotein. On the basis of amino acid sequence homologies, nsP2 was predicted to possess nucleoside triphosphatase and RNA helicase activities. Here, we report the engineered expression in Escherichia coli of nsP2 and of an amino-terminal fragment of it by use of the highly efficient T7 expression system. Both polypeptides were produced as fusion proteins with a histidine tag at the amino terminus and purified by immobilized-metal affinity chromatography. The two recombinant proteins exhibited ATPase and GTPase activities, which were further stimulated by the presence of single-stranded RNA. The activities were not found in similarly prepared fractions from uninduced control cells or cells expressing an unrelated polypeptide. Radiolabeled ribonucleoside triphosphates could be cross-linked to both the full-length and the carboxy-terminally truncated nsP2 protein, and both polypeptides had RNA-binding capacity. We also expressed and purified an nsP2 variant which had a single amino acid substitution in the nucleotide-binding motif (Lys-192-->Asn). No nucleoside triphosphatase activity was associated with this mutant protein.
Active Graph Cuts (2006)

This paper adds a number of novel concepts into global s/t cut methods improving their efficiency and making them relevant for a wider class of applications in vision where algorithms should ideally run in real-time. Our new Active Cuts (AC) method can effectively use a good approximate solution (initial cut) that is often available in dynamic, hierarchical, and multi-label optimization problems in vision. In many problems AC works faster than the state-of-the-art max-flow methods [2] even if initial cut is far from the optimal one. Moreover, empirical speed improves several folds when initial cut is spatially close to the optima. Before converging to a global minima, Active Cuts outputs a multitude of intermediate solutions (intermediate cuts) that, for example, can be used be accelerate iterative learning-based methods or to improve visual perception of graph cuts realtime performance when large volumetric data is segmented. Finally, it can also be combined with many previous methods for accelerating graph cuts.
Combination targeted pulmonary hypertension therapy in the resolution of Dasatinib‐associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (2017)

Dasatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but known complication. The mainstay of treatment is cessation of Dasatinib, and while clinical improvement is rapid, complete hemodynamic resolution of pulmonary hypertension (PH) still remains exceedingly uncommon. We present a case of Dasatinib-induced PAH in a woman with chronic myeloid leukemia, who demonstrated rapid and complete clinical and hemodynamic resolution following treatment with combination pulmonary vasodilator therapy using an endothelin receptor antagonist and a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor. This case suggests there may be an association between the use of targeted PH medication in combination and the complete resolution of dasatinib-associated PAH, but further investigation is required.
Expeditious Total Syntheses of Camptothecin and 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (2008)

New expeditious total syntheses of (S)-camptothecin (16% overall yield, 95% ee) and (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin (14% overall yield, 99% ee) have been accomplished, respectively, starting from readily available and inexpensive materials. Development, optimization, and successful application of the cascade reaction consisting of a pyrrolidine-catalyzed Michael addition, an intramolecular aldol condensation, and an oxidative aromatization, the intramolecular oxa Diels-Alder cycloaddition, and the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation make these two new syntheses more efficient and straightforward.
Fundamentals of Fouling (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Concentration Boundary Layer Modeling Ultrafiltration in the Absence of Fouling Modeling Membrane Filtration in the Presence of Fouling Fouling Overview: its Nature and Key Influences Modeling of Fouling Prevention and Reduction of Fouling Reverse Osmosis and Fouling Fouling in Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Fouling in Pervaporation and Gas Separation Concluding Remarks References
Analyzing and Modeling In-Storage Computing Workloads On EISC — An FPGA-Based System-Level Emulation Platform (2019)

Storage drive technology has made continuous improvements over the last decade, shifting the bottleneck of the data processing system from the storage drive to host/drive interconnection. To overcome this “data movement wall,” people have proposed in-storage computing (ISC) architectures which add the computing unit directly into the storage drive. Rather than moving data from drive to host, it offloads computation from host to drive, thereby alleviating the interconnection bottleneck. Though existing work shows the effectiveness of ISC under some specific workloads, they have not tackled two critical issues: 1) ISC is still at the early research stage, and there is no available ISC device on the market. Researchers lack an effective way to accurately explore the benefits of ISC under different applications and different system parameters (drive performance and interconnection performance). 2) What kinds of applications can benefit from ISC, and what cannot? It is crucial to have a method to quickly discriminate between the types of applications before spending significant efforts to implement them. This paper gives a response to the above problems. First, we build a complete FPGA-based ISC emulation system to enable rapid exploration. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first open-source <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> https://github.com/zainryan/EISC, publicly accessible ISC emulation system. Second, we use our system to evaluate 12 common applications. The results give us the basic criteria for choosing ISC-friendly applications. By assuming a general drive program construct, we provide further insights by building an analytical model which enables an accurate quantitative analysis.
Arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 is essential for sustaining normal adult hematopoiesis (2015)

Epigenetic regulators play critical roles in normal hematopoiesis, and the activity of these enzymes is frequently altered in hematopoietic cancers. The major type II protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 catalyzes the formation of symmetric dimethyl arginine and has been implicated in various cellular processes, including pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Here, we generated Prmt5 conditional KO mice to evaluate the contribution of PRMT5 to adult hematopoiesis. Loss of PRMT5 triggered an initial but transient expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); however, Prmt5 deletion resulted in a concurrent loss of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), leading to fatal BM aplasia. PRMT5-specific effects on hematopoiesis were cell intrinsic and depended on PRMT5 methyltransferase activity. We found that PRMT5-deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells exhibited severely impaired cytokine signaling as well as upregulation of p53 and expression of its downstream targets. Together, our results demonstrate that PRMT5 plays distinct roles in the behavior of HSCs compared with HPCs and is essential for the maintenance of adult hematopoietic cells.
Highly <i>anti</i>-Selective Asymmetric Aldol Reactions Using Chiral Zirconium Catalysts. Improvement of Activities, Structure of the Novel Zirconium Complexes, and Effect of a Small Amount of Water for the Preparation of the Catalysts (2002)

Catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions of silyl enol ethers with aldehydes (Mukaiyama aldol reactions) have been performed using novel chiral zirconium catalysts. The reactions proceeded in high yields under mild conditions, and anti-adducts were obtained in high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The catalysts were first prepared from zirconium(IV) tert-butoxide (Zr(O(t)Bu)(4)), (R)-3,3'-diiodo-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol ((R)-3,3'-I(2)BINOL), a primary alcohol, and a small amount of water. It was revealed that the primary alcohol played an important role in completing the catalytic cycle and that a small amount of water was essential for obtaining high selectivities. Moreover, activities of the chiral zirconium catalysts were enhanced by using new ligands, (R)-3,3'-I(2)-6,6'-X(2)BINOL (X = Br, I, C(2)F(5)), and it has been shown that even aldol reactions of less reactive substrates proceeded smoothly using the novel zirconium catalysts. Finally, NMR studies of these catalysts were performed, which suggested that the catalyst would form a dimeric structure and that the water affected the catalyst formation.
Cross-reaction of a rat-anti-mouse phagocyte-specific monoclonal antibody (anti-Mac-1) with human monocytes and natural killer cells. (1981)

A monoclonal antibody produced by a hybridoma cell line that has previously been shown to recognize an antigen present on murine macrophages and granulocytes (Mac-1) has now been shown to bind to human monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Human monocytes bind about 40,000 M1/70 (anti-Mac-1) F(ab')2 or IgG molecules per cell in saturating conditions. In addition, M1/70 antibody recognizes a small population (less than 10%) of human blood lymphocytes. These cells express approximately 3-fold fewer Mac-1 antigen determinants than monocytes. Separation of this lymphocyte subset on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter has shown that all the natural killing activity in human blood can be found among these cells. Similarly, separation of the natural killer cells by an independent method based on their surface Fc receptor has shown that nearly all of them can be labeled by the hybridoma antibody. The same results are obtained when an F(ab')2 fragment of the M1/70 hybridoma antibody is used. The anti-Mac-1 antibody does not interfere with binding to the Fc receptor, nor does it interfere with either natural killing or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by these cells. We conclude that there is a similar antigenic structure on the surface of murine and human monocytes and granulocytes and that this structure is also found on human natural killer cells.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characteristics of the Corpus Callosum in Mild, Moderate, and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2008)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The corpus callosum is an important predilection site for traumatic axonal injury but may be unevenly affected in head trauma. We hypothesized that there were local differences in axonal injury within the corpus callosum as investigated with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), varying among patients with differing severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Ten control subjects (7 men, 3 women; mean age, 37 9 years) and 39 patients with TBI (27 men, 12 women; 34 12 years) were investigated, of whom 24 had mild; 9, moderate; and 6, severe TBI. Regions of interest were selected in the callosal genu, body, and splenium to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and the number of fibers passing through.
Molecular medicine--an overview. (2002)

Advances in the fields of molecular genetics and cell biology are transforming medicine. Discoveries made today in the laboratory are translated at a rapid pace into new diagnostics and therapeutics. The aim of this series of review on different aspects of molecular medicine is to update physicians on new advances at the bench that are likely to impact bedside medicine.
Charge trapping related threshold voltage instabilities in high permittivity gate dielectric stacks (2003)

An experimental and modeling study of charge trapping related threshold voltage shifts in Al2O3 and HfO2 n-type field effect transistors (nFET) is reported. The dependence of threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, and gate leakage currents on stressing time and injected charge carrier density are investigated as a function positive bias stress voltage and temperature. Based on experimental data, a model for trapping of charges in the existing traps is developed. The model is similar to SiO2 charge trapping models with one exception. Unlike SiO2 models, the model assumes a continuous distribution in trapping capture cross sections. The model predicts that threshold voltage would increase with a power law dependence on stressing time and injected charge carrier density (Ninj) in the initial stages of stressing. The model calculates threshold voltage shifts as a function of stress time and Ninj, thereby provides estimates of threshold voltage shifts after 10 years lifetime. It also provides insights into the nature of traps by estimating trapping capture cross sections. The calculated results are shown to be consistent with both Al2O3 and HfO2 data over several decades of stressing time and Ninj. Using the model, a comparison between Al2O3 and HfO2 is made. In addition, the model is compatible with charge trapping data reported by other research groups.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Resolution Stimulated Raman Spectrum of F2 (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Feature extraction and quantification for mass spectrometry in biomedical applications using the mean spectrum (2005)

http://bioinformatics.mdanderson.org/supplements.html.
Fuel Burn Reduction Through Wing Morphing (2016)

Changing the shape of aircraft is beneficial because they operate in a wide range of flight conditions with conflicting requirements and variations in performance. This chapter focuses on morphing systems that contribute to reducing fuel burn for commercial transport aircraft. We start with a summary of how morphing can reduce fuel burn from the system‐level viewpoint, following which we analyze the three wing‐morphing modes: planform, out‐of‐plane, and airfoil. For each of these, we review morphing mechanisms that are already in place, such as high‐lift systems, and provide an outlook on how more advanced morphing technologies can further reduce fuel burn. The impact of any morphing system must be quantified by considering all the disciplines involved, and a clean‐sheet design should be done to realize the full potential. The most promising type of morphing for the near future is variable trailing edge camber, which can tailor the aerodynamic performance and more effectively alleviate maneuver loads. Research on new materials and morphing mechanisms will make morphing systems lighter, more energy efficient, and more economical. It is just a question of time before we see aircraft wings that exhibit morphing capabilities that seem impossible today.
Characteristic expression of glycosphingolipid profiles in the bipotential cell differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 (1984)

Changes of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in the bipotential cell differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 cells were investigated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), with special reference to morphological and functional changes, such as phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. Nine molecular species of neutral GSLs and 13 or more species of sialo-GSLs, ie, gangliosides, were detected on the HPTLC chromatograms for untreated HL-60 cells. The major components were ceramide dihexoside (CDH), GM3, and sialo-paragloboside (SPG). When HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate into both myeloid mature cells and macrophage-like cells in vitro, no new molecular species of GSLs specific for one of the cell differentiations was induced, but distinctive quantitative changes in the GSL composition were definitely observed between the two cell differentiations. During the myeloid differentiation induced by either dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or retinoic acid (RA), CDH, paragloboside (PG), and gangliosides having longer sugar moieties characteristically increased with a concomitant decrease of GSLs with shorter sugar chains, such as ceramide monohexoside (CMH) and GM3, and the GSL composition profile of myeloid differentiation-induced HL-60 cells became more similar to that of normal human granulocytes. However, some marked differences were noted between the induced HL-60 cells and the normal granulocytes, especially in the ganglioside compositions. These differences might reflect either some deficiency in the in vitro myeloid differentiation or some leukemic properties of HL-60 cells. In marked contrast to the change of GSL composition during myeloid differentiation, a remarkable increase of GM3, with a concurrent marked decrease of CDH, was observed in the process of cell differentiation into macrophage-like cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which suggested an increase in the biosynthesis of GM3. These results demonstrate that HL-60 cells express distinct GSL profiles, depending not only on maturation stages but also on differentiation directions.
Engineering T Cell Function Using Chimeric Antigen Receptors Identified Using a DNA Library Approach (2013)

Genetic engineering of cellular function holds much promise for the treatment of a variety of diseases including gene deficiencies and cancer. However, engineering the full complement of cellular functions can be a daunting genetic exercise since many molecular triggers need to be activated to achieve complete function. In the case of T cells, genes encoding chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) covalently linking antibodies to cytoplasmic signaling domains can trigger some, but not all, cellular functions against cancer cells. To date, relatively few CAR formats have been investigated using a candidate molecule approach, in which rationally chosen molecules were trialed one by one. Therefore, to expedite this arduous process we developed an innovative screening method to screen many thousands of CAR formats to identify genes able to enhance the anticancer ability of T cells. We used a directional in-frame library of randomly assembled signaling domains in a CAR specific for the tumor associated antigen erbB2. Several new and original CARs were identified, one of which had an enhanced ability to lyse cancer cells and inhibit tumor growth in mice. This study highlights novel technology that could be used to screen a variety of molecules for their capacity to induce diverse functions in cells.