gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3807: Chronic Cardiac-Targeted RNA Interference for the Treatment of Severe Heart Failure Restores Cardiac Function and Reduces Pathological Hypertrophy (2008)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a novel therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular medicine. We report on RNAi targeting phospholamban (PLB), a regulator of cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis, for the treatment of heart failure (HF). Whereas gene therapy rests on recombinant protein expression as its basic principle, RNAi therapy employs small regulatory RNAs to achieve its effect. Kinetics and toxicity of these RNAs are grossly different from those of proteins. We provide first evidence that they may achieve long-term cardiac benefit without apparent toxicity. We developed an adenoviral RNAi vector (AdV-shRNA) and a series of AAV vectors to optimize their efficacy. A novel AAV9-shPLB vector with optimized RNAi potential was chosen for HF therapy. Transaortic banding (TAB) induced HF in rats. RNAi was initiated by aortic root injection of AdV-shPLB (3x10e10 pfu/a) (Group A) or i.v. injection of AAV9-shPLB (5x10e11 vg/a) (Group B). Group A underwent short-term (1 mo.), Group B long-term therapy (3 mo.), shFGP vectors served as controls. Fig. 1 shows part of hemodynamic improvement (LVEDP, ± dp/dt, FS), hypertrophy reduction (LV/BW, LV/TL, myocyte size, collagen). Survival in group B was increased by AAV9 therapy. The study demonstrates, for the first time, high efficacy of a local cardiac RNAi therapy. Using optimized RNAi vectors and aortic root vector injection or cardiotropic AAV9 capsids to target RNAi to the heart, there was no evidence of toxicity or disturbed miRNA pathways. AdV-shPLB therapy improved HF 1 mo. after aortic root injection. A novel cardiotropic AAV9-shPLB vector mediated RNAi after simple i.v. injection and improved function, morphology, and survival in severe HF after 3 months.
Detection and quantification of group 4 allergens in grass pollen extracts using monoclonal antibodies (1998)

Group 4 homologes are present in the various grass extracts but to different extents. The group 4 ELISA could be very useful as a additional tool for providing information concerning the composition of grass pollen extracts.
Experimental microwave near-field detection with moveable antennas (2017)

A fully automated microwave detection system containing a pair of moveable antennas is presented. To construct an image, the scattered fields of a target object can be collected in minutes. A fast imaging algorithm is used to process the acquired signal. Successful reconstructions verify data collected by the presented system are useful.
<i>Uniform ripening</i> Encodes a <i>Golden 2-like</i> Transcription Factor Regulating Tomato Fruit Chloroplast Development (2012)

Pretty or Sweet The grocery-store tomato that looks beautiful but tastes like tart cardboard arises from selection processes favoring phenotypes that make commercial production more reliable. Significant in that selection process was a mutation that reduced the mottled color variations of unripe green tomatoes, leaving them a uniform, pale, green. Powell et al. (p. 1711 ) analyzed the molecular biology of the mutation. The uniform ripening mutation turns out to disable a transcription factor called Golden 2-like ( GLK2 ). GLK2 expression increases the fruit's photosynthetic capacity, resulting in higher sugar content.
Performance Analysis of Index Modulation Based Multiple Access Under Imperfect Channel Estimation (2020)

Future generations of wireless communication systems are expected to serve a large number of users with different quality of service requirements. Given the limited spectrum resources, the current multiple access schemes will not be able to fulfill these requirements. The recently proposed Index Modulation based Multiple Access (IMMA) has shown a significant improvement in the performance of uplink transmission as compared to other conventional multiple access schemes in terms of the achievable bit error rate (BER) and the number of served users. As such, it holds great potential in replacing the current multiple access schemes. In this paper, the performance of the IMMA scheme is analyzed under the assumption of the imperfect channel estimation. The average BER is derived in a closed form expression where the impact of the channel estimation error is included. Analytical results are provided to validate the Monte Carlo simulations where a close match is shown over a pragmatic range of signal-to-noise-ratio.
Synergistic interaction between trazodone and gabapentin in rodent models of neuropathic pain (2021)

Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating condition caused by injury or disease of the nerves of the somatosensory system. Although several therapeutic approaches are recommended, none has emerged as an optimal treatment leaving a need for developing more effective therapies. Given the small number of approved drugs and their limited clinical efficacy, combining drugs with different mechanisms of action is frequently used to yield greater efficacy. We demonstrate that the combination of trazodone, a multifunctional drug for the treatment of major depressive disorders, and gabapentin, a GABA analogue approved for neuropathic pain relief, results in a synergistic antinociceptive effect in the mice writhing test. To explore the potential relevance of this finding in chronic neuropathic pain, pharmacodynamic interactions between low doses of trazodone (0.3 mg/kg) and gabapentin (3 mg/kg) were evaluated in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model, measuring the effects of the two drugs both on evoked and spontaneous nociception and on general well being components. Two innate behaviors, burrowing and nest building, were used to assess these aspects. Besides exerting a significant antinociceptive effect on hyperalgesia and on spontaneous pain, combined inactive doses of trazodone and gabapentin restored in CCI rats innate behaviors that are strongly reduced or even abolished during persistent nociception, suggesting that the combination may have an impact also on pain components different from somatosensory perception. Our results support the development of a trazodone and gabapentin low doses combination product for optimal multimodal analgesia treatment.
Optimal Control Methods for Photovoltaic Enabled Grid With Abnormal Power Loads (2019)

This paper proposes two different control approaches to minimize the power loss subject to voltage constraints when photovoltaic (PV) cells are connected to the grid subject to abnormal (unexpected and extremely high) power loads. A dynamic load model is integrated with the DistFlow equations to describe the transient behavior of the real/reactive power, voltage, and loads. Based on this model, the proposed controllers utilize PV inverters to optimize performances of the grid by absorbing/injecting the reactive power. These controllers are particularly efficient to handle unexpected abnormal power loads. For demonstrations, a bidirectional, single branch distribution circuit with extremely high power load is used to test and compare our controllers with existing approaches, including the volt-ampere reactive control scheme specified by the IEEE Standard 1547 and adaptive method. The results show that our controllers indeed reduce the power loss compared with other methods and keep the voltage within the desired range.
RTP (2013)

In the cloud services industry, a key issue for cloud operators is to minimize operational costs. In this paper, we consider algorithms that elastically contract and expand a cluster of in-memory databases depending on tenants' behavior over time while maintaining response time guarantees.
Perfluoropyridine: Discovery, Chemistry, and Applications in Polymers and Material Science (2022)

Perfluoropyridine (PFPy) is an organofluorine compound that has been employed for a variety of applications, from straightforward chemical synthesis to more advanced functions, such as fluorinated networks and polymers. This can be directly attributed to the highly reactive nature of PFPy, especially towards nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). The aim of this review is to highlight the discovery and synthesis of PFPy, discuss its reactive nature towards SNAr, and to summarize known reports of the utilization and thermal analysis of PFPy containing fluoropolymers and fluorinated network materials.
Filter calculation for x-ray tomosynthesis reconstruction (2012)

Filtered backprojection reconstruction is an efficient image reconstruction method which is widely used in CT and 3D x-ray imaging. The way data have to be filtered depends on the acquisition geometry and the number of projections (views) which were acquired. For standard geometries like circle or helix it is known how to effectively filter the data. But there are acquisition geometries for which the application of standard filters yields poor results, e.g. in situations where the number of views is very small or for a limited angular range. In tomosynthesis, both conditions apply, i.e. the number of projections is typically very small and, moreover, the angular coverage is much less than 180°. This paper proposes a new method to design effective filters which are specific for the acquisition geometry. Examples from x-ray tomosynthesis are utilized to demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed method.
Development of fast line scanning imaging algorithm for diseased chicken detection (2005)

A hyperspectral line-scan imaging system for automated inspection of wholesome and diseased chickens was developed and demonstrated. The hyperspectral imaging system consisted of an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device (EMCCD) camera and an imaging spectrograph. The system used a spectrograph to collect spectral measurements across a pixel-wide vertical linear field of view through which moving chicken carcasses passed. After a series of image calibration procedures, the hyperspectral line-scan images were collected for chickens on a laboratory simulated processing line. From spectral analysis, four key wavebands for differentiating between wholesome and systemically diseased chickens were selected: 413 nm, 472 nm, 515 nm, and 546 nm, and a reference waveband, 622 nm. The ratio of relative reflectance between each key wavelength and the reference wavelength was calculated as an image feature. A fuzzy logic-based algorithm utilizing the key wavebands was developed to identify individual pixels on the chicken surface exhibiting symptoms of systemic disease. Two differentiation methods were built to successfully differentiate 72 systemically diseased chickens from 65 wholesome chickens.
Optical Bistability and NOR-Gate Operation In Intracavity-Coupled In-Plane and Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (1995)

Gain-controlled, intracavity-coupled in-plane and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) fabricated from the same epitaxial material have recently been reported 1 - 2 . Earlier work on gain quenching and bistability in intracavity coupled lasers involved in-plane devices only 3 - 5 . It has been pointed out that the conditions for bistability in cross coupled lasers depend on the individual lasers' self- and cross-saturation coefficients 6 - 7 . The cross saturation terms are highest when the overlap of the two lasers' gain sections is maximized. Consequently, the hysteresis in the power output vs. power input characteristic of cross-coupled VCSEL and in-plane lasers is expected to be larger and more easily realized than that observed in cross-coupled in-plane lasers alone. We report the first observation of optical bistability in cross-coupled VCSEL and in-plane lasers, and we present an all-optical two-input NOR gate which was fabricated to demonstrate the flexibility of this switching technology.
A real-time measure of cavitation induced tissue disruption by ultrasound imaging backscatter reduction (2007)

A feedback method for obtaining real-time information on the mechanical disruption of tissue through ultrasound cavitation is presented. This method is based on a substantial reduction in ultrasound imaging backscatter from the target volume as the tissue structure is broken down. Ex-vivo samples of porcine liver were exposed to successive high-intensity ultrasound pulses at a low duty cycle to induce mechanical disruption of tissue parenchyma through cavitation (referred to as histotripsy). At the conclusion of treatment, B-scan imaging backscatter was observed to have decreased by 22.4 +/- 2.3 dB in the target location. Treated samples of tissue were found to contain disrupted tissue corresponding to the imaged hypoechoic volume with no remaining discernable structure and a sharp boundary. The observed, substantial backscatter reduction may be an effective feedback mechanism for assessing treatment efficacy in ultrasound surgery using pulsed ultrasound to create cavitation.
Dripping, Jetting, Drops and Wetting: the Magic of Microfluidics (2007)

The following article is based on the Symposium X presentation given by David A. Weitz (Harvard University) on April 11, 2007, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. The article describes how simple microfluidic devices can be used to control fluid flow and produce a variety of new materials. Based on the concepts of coaxial flow and hydrodynamically focused flow, used alone or in various combinations, the devices can produce precisely controlled double emulsions (droplets within droplets) and even triple emulsions (double emulsions suspended in a third droplet). These structures, which can be created in a single microfluidic device, have various applications such as encapsulants for drugs, cosmetics, or food additives.
Pyrite catalysis in coal liquefaction (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrite catalysis in coal liquefactionDiwakar Garg and Edwin N. GivensCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1982, 21, 1, 113–117Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200016a020https://doi.org/10.1021/i200016a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Vertically Aligned Arrays of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanowires (2013)

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanowires have gained considerable research interest due to their lead-free composition and strong energy conversion efficiency. However, most research has focused on free-standing BaTiO3 nanowires, which are hard to apply for sensing and energy harvesting. Here, a novel method for the growth of vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanowire arrays on a conductive substrate is developed, and their electromechanical coupling behavior is directly evaluated to yield the strain coupling coefficient. The preparation of vertically aligned BaTiO3 nanowire arrays is based on a two-step hydrothermal reaction by first growing oriented rutile TiO2 nanowire arrays and then converting them to BaTiO3 while simultaneously retaining their morphology. A refined piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) testing method is applied to demonstrate the piezoelectric behavior of BaTiO3 nanowires in the longitude direction. The piezoelectric response (d33 = 43 ± 2 pm/V) of the BaTiO3 nanowires is measured to demonstrate their potential application in sensors, energy harvesting, and micro-electromechanical systems.
Constructing and exploiting linear schedules with prescribed parallelism (2002)

We present two new results of importance in code generation for and synthesis of synchronously scheduled parallel processor arrays and multicluster VLIWs. The first is a new practical method for constructing a linear schedule for the iterations of a loop nest that schedules precisely one iteration per cycle on each of a prescribed set of processors. While this problem goes back to the era in which systolic computation was in vogue, it has defied practical solution until now. We provide a closed form solution that enables the enumeration of all such schedules. The second result is a new technique that reduces the cost of code or hardware whose function is to control the flow of data and predicate operations, and to generate memory addresses. The key idea is that by using the mathematical structure of any of the conflict-free schedules we construct, a very shallow recurrence can be developed to inexpensively update these quantities.
Direct current injection and thermocapillary flow for purification of aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2015)

Aligned arrays of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) represent ideal configurations for use of this class of material in high performance electronics. Development of means for removing the metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) in as-grown arrays represents an essential challenge. Here, we introduce a simple scheme that achieves this type of purification using direct, selective current injection through interdigitated electrodes into the m-SWNTs, to allow their complete removal using processes of thermocapillarity and dry etching. Experiments and numerical simulations establish the fundamental aspects that lead to selectivity in this process, thereby setting design rules for optimization. Single-step purification of arrays that include thousands of SWNTs demonstrates the effectiveness and simplicity of the procedures. The result is a practical route to large-area aligned arrays of purely s-SWNTs with low-cost experimental setups.
Circuitry for Angle Measurements (1983)

Angle resolver pulsed and read under microprocessor control. Pulse generator excites resolver windings with dual slope pulse. System sequentially reads sine and cosine windings. Microprocessor determines angle through which resolver shaft turned from reference angle. Suitable applications include rate tables, antenna direction controllers, and machine tools.
Optical polarization imaging (1997)

The temporal profiles of the parallel and perpendicular polarization components of a light pulse backscattered from a scattering medium are different. The depth of penetration into the tissue and depolarization of the backscattered light depend on the scattering and absorption characteristics of the tissue. Based on these facts, a novel technique is demonstrated for noninvasive surface and beneath-the-surface imaging of biological systems.
Pluripotent stem cells (ES & iPS) for treatment of retinal dystrophies (2013)

Abstract The impaired or complete loss of function of photoreceptor cells or supporting retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is the main cause of irreversible blindness in retinal diseases, such as inherited retinal degenerations and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Rescuing the degenerated retina is a major challenge and cell replacement is one of the most promising approaches with the use of pluripotent stem cells. Human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that have the ability to be expanded indefinitely in culture whilst retaining their pluripotent status could be used as an unlimited source of retinal cells for tissue transplantation. The current challenge is actually to determine culture conditions for efficient and directed differentiation of human ES/ iPS cells into RPE or photoreceptors, so that large numbers of these cells might be transplanted at the optimal stage. We will present several approaches allowing the generation of RPE cells from human ES and iPS cells; and we will reported the ability of these stem cells to be committed into the neural retinal lineage, and further to be differentiated into photoreceptor cells following different protocols.
Silicon nanodots fabricated on a Si(100) surface via thermal nitridation and oxygen etching reactions (2000)

Silicon nanodots with very uniform sizes have been fabricated on a Si(100) surface via a thermal nitridation followed by oxygen etching reaction. N2 gas was exposed to a clean Si(100) surface at 800 °C and this surface was subsequently reacted with O2 gas at 700 °C. Scanning tunneling microscope measurement of surface morphology showed that silicon nanodots with an average size of 5 nm were formed as a result of selective oxygen etching of the silicon surface. Silicon nitride islands of a few nanometers acted successfully as masks against oxygen etching at high temperatures. The number density of silicon nanodots is estimated to be 1×1012/cm2. The lowering of nitridation temperature to 700 °C resulted in similar silicon nanodots with a little bit smaller sizes, indicating that silicon nitride islands formed even at this temperature can be successfully used as masks for oxygen exposure. Owing to the relatively low thermal mobility of nitrogen species, Si nanodots with uniform sizes could be obtained on the Si(100) substrate.
Identification of <i>Aspergillus</i> Species Using Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions 1 and 2 (2000)

Aspergillus species are the most frequent cause of invasive mold infections in immunocompromised patients. Although over 180 species are found within the genus, 3 species, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. terreus, account for most cases of invasive aspergillosis (IA), with A. nidulans, A. niger, and A. ustus being rare causes of IA. The ability to distinguish between the various clinically relevant Aspergillus species may have diagnostic value, as certain species are associated with higher mortality and increased virulence and vary in their resistance to antifungal therapy. A method to identify Aspergillus at the species level and differentiate it from other true pathogenic and opportunistic molds was developed using the 18S and 28S rRNA genes for primer binding sites. The contiguous internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2, from referenced strains and clinical isolates of aspergilli and other fungi were amplified, sequenced, and compared with non-reference strain sequences in GenBank. ITS amplicons from Aspergillus species ranged in size from 565 to 613 bp. Comparison of reference strains and GenBank sequences demonstrated that both ITS 1 and ITS 2 regions were needed for accurate identification of Aspergillus at the species level. Intraspecies variation among clinical isolates and reference strains was minimal. Sixteen other pathogenic molds demonstrated less than 89% similarity with Aspergillus ITS 1 and 2 sequences. A blind study of 11 clinical isolates was performed, and each was correctly identified. Clinical application of this approach may allow for earlier diagnosis and selection of effective antifungal agents for patients with IA.
Development and characterization of hepatitis C virus genotype 1-7 cell culture systems: Role of CD81 and scavenger receptor class B type I and effect of antiviral drugs # † (2008)

We completed and characterized a panel of JFH1-based cell culture systems of all seven major HCV genotypes and important subtypes and used these viruses in comparative studies of antivirals, HCV receptor interaction, and neutralizing antibodies.