gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Nox Premixed Combustion of MBtu Fuels Using the ABB Double Cone Burner (EV Burner) (1996)

A novel combustion technique, based on the Double Cone Burner, has been developed and tested. NOx emissions down to very low levels are reached without the usual strong dilution of the fuel for MBtu syngases from oxygen-blown gasification of coal or residual oil. A limited amount of dilution is necessary in order to prevent ignition during the mixing of fuel and combustion air. The relevant properties of the fuel are reviewed in relation to the goal of achieving premixed combustion. The basic considerations lead to a fuel injection strategy completely different from that for natural gas. A high-speed premixing system is necessary due to the very short chemical reaction times of MBtu fuel. Fuel must be prevented from forming ignitable mixtures inside the burner for reliability reasons. A suitable fuel injection method, which can be easily added to the ABB double cone burner, is described. In common with the design of the standard EV burner, the MBtu EV burner with this fuel injection method is inherently safe against flashback. Three-dimensional flow field and combustion modeling is used to investigate the mixing patterns and the location of the reaction front. Two burner test facilities, one operating at ambient and the other at full gas turbine pressure, have been used for the evaluation of different burner designs. The full-pressure tests were carried out with the original gas turbine burner size and geometry. Combining the presented numerical predictive capabilities and the experimental test facilities, burner performance can be reliably assessed for a wide range of MBtu and LBtu fuels (residue oil gasification, waste gasification, coal gasification, etc.). The atmospheric tests of the burner show NOx values below 2 ppm at an equivalence ratio equal to full-load gas turbine operation. The NOx increase with pressure was found to be very high. Nevertheless, NOx levels of 25 vppmd (@ 15 percent O2) have been measured at full gas turbine pressure. Implemented into ABB’s recently introduced gas turbine GT13E2, the new combustion technique will allow a more straightforward IGCC plant configuration without air extraction from the gas turbine to be used.
Enzyme-immobilized hydrogels to create hypoxia for in vitro cancer cell culture (2017)

Hypoxia is a critical condition governing many aspects of cellular fate processes. The most common practice in hypoxic cell culture is to maintain cells in an incubator with controlled gas inlet (i.e., hypoxic chamber). This thesis describes the design and characterization of enzyme-immobilized hydrogels to create solution hypoxia under ambient conditions for in vitro cancer cell culture. The first objective of this thesis was to modify glucose oxidase (GOX) for copolymerization with poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) to form GOX-immobilized PEG-based hydrogels. The effect of soluble GOX or acrylated GOX on sustaining hypoxia was evaluated under ambient air condition (i.e., with constant oxygen diffusion from the air-liquid interface). The second objective of this thesis was to use the GOX-immobilized hydrogel system to create hypoxia for in vitro culture of cancer cells, including Molm14 (acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line) and Huh7 (hepatocarcinoma cell (HCC) line). Under ambient air conditions required for cell culture, the GOX-immobilized hydrogels were able to establish and sustain in vitro hypoxic conditions (<5% O2) for 6 to 24 hours. Additionally, cell viability and the expression of hypoxia associated genes, including carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and lysyl oxidase (LOX), were evaluated in the presence of GOX-immobilized hydrogels. The third objective of this thesis was to establish hypoxic gradients using the enzyme immobilized hydrogels, which were placed in reservoirs of a commercially available channel slide. The combination of the devices geometry and the enzyme-immobilized hydrogel that served as an O2–sink permitted the generation of an O2-concentration gradient within the channel connecting the two reservoirs.
Pomegranate: A Most Potent Protector Against Cardiovascular Diseases (2004)

The articles is about how pomegranate is a most potent protector against cardiovascular diseases.
Lens design based on instantaneous focal function (2009)

The formula for the lens is derived based on the information of instantaneous focal function. Focal function is an important tool in designing lenses with extended depth of focus (EDoF) because this allows EDoF lens designers to try out various mathematical curves using computers to optimize their design. Once an optimal focal function information is obtained, the corresponding physical EDoF lens can be fabricated using the lens equation formulated in this presentation.
Monitoring and Prediction of Cleanup Production During Sampling (2008)

Abstract A novel concept for cleanup prediction during sampling is proposed. This concept shifts focus to the early phase of cleanup, allowing for early predictions of pumpout time or produced volume using optical fluid analysis logs versus given contamination targets. The early phase of cleanup potentially provides a great deal of information to be used in prediction of cleanup, because this phase is strongly affected by both the local flow pattern and the contamination transport and deals with a larger range of optical density variation. A new approach to cleanup prediction is based on a truly 3D model of flow and contamination transport to the probe production area at the wellbore wall covered by mudcake. This model better captures the initial phase of cleanup than the conventional spherical flow model, which incorporates axisymmetrical contamination transport to a small production sphere located at the wellbore axis. The new model provides the signature of 3D contamination transport on cleanup dynamics, which is controlled by the ratio of invasion depth to wellbore radius. The analysis of new problem solutions reveals new details of cleanup evolution. In particular, the transition from a predominantly circumferential regime of cleanup to a predominantly vertical cleanup has a distinctive signature that can be used in cleanup progress monitoring and the reconstruction of initial invasion depth. Examples of sampling job data processing that support the new concept are provided. They indicate that decent estimates of pumpout volumes can be obtained 3 to 5 times earlier using the new approach.
Hyper-local, directions-based ranking of places (2011)

Studies find that at least 20% of web queries have local intent; and the fraction of queries with local intent that originate from mobile properties may be twice as high. The emergence of standardized support for location providers in web browsers, as well as of providers of accurate locations, enables so-called hyper-local web querying where the location of a user is accurate at a much finer granularity than with IP-based positioning. This paper addresses the problem of determining the importance of points of interest, or places, in local-search results. In doing so, the paper proposes techniques that exploit logged directions queries. A query that asks for directions from a location a to a location b is taken to suggest that a user is interested in traveling to b and thus is a vote that location b is interesting. Such user-generated directions queries are particularly interesting because they are numerous and contain precise locations. Specifically, the paper proposes a framework that takes a user location and a collection of near-by places as arguments, producing a ranking of the places. The framework enables a range of aspects of directions queries to be exploited for the ranking of places, including the frequency with which places have been referred to in directions queries. Next, the paper proposes an algorithm and accompanying data structures capable of ranking places in response to hyper-local web queries. Finally, an empirical study with very large directions query logs offers insight into the potential of directions queries for the ranking of places and suggests that the proposed algorithm is suitable for use in real web search engines.
Measuring thin film properties using SAW (surface acoustic wave) devices: Diffusivity and surface area (1987)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have been used in two new techniques for the characterization of thin film properties. By monitoring the change in surface wave propagation velocity, the sorption of gases and vapors by a film can be recorded. In the first technique, the absorption transient for gas and vapor molecules diffusing into polymer films is observed. These transient data can be fit to a one-dimensional diffusion equation and a diffusivity extracted. In the second technique, the adsorption of nitrogen by a porous film is measured at 77 K as a function of partial pressure. The effective surface area of porous thin films can be extracted from such adsorption isotherms using standard BET analysis. 20 refs., 5 figs.
Design and performance of the magnetic hybrid-mode horn (1989)

Design techniques are presented for a class of circular magnetic hybrid-mode (MHM) horns together with experimental results. In comparison with earlier techniques, this design method is simpler and more amenable to physical interpretation. The horns designed exhibit performance comparable to that of the corrugated horn except that they have an ohmic loss of 0.8 to 2.7 dB. However, it appears feasible to reduce the gain loss to less than 1 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: TRICYCLISCHE SULFOXIMIDE (1974)

Abstract Aus den Sulfoxiden (I) erhält man mit Tosylsulfonylazid (II) in Gegenwart von Cu die Sulfonyl‐imine (III), die mit Schwefelsäure zu den pharmakologisch interessanten tricyclischen Sulfoximiden (IV) verseift werden können.
Compact Laser Technology for Monoenergetic Gamma-ray Compton Sources (2009)

We describe a novel laser system used in a Compton-scattering based monoenergetic gamma-ray source, commissioned at LLNL. The system consists of a UV laser for electron production and a high power CPA based scattering laser.
Multiphase capacitor-diode voltage multiplier (1978)

An N-phase by M-stage capacitor-diode voltage multiplier (CDVM) is described. The multiplier is failure tolerant and suitable for medium power applications. Total capacitor weight is significantly less than single-phase multipliers. Excellent correlation between test data and predicted values for output voltage, peak currents, and efficiency demonstrated the accuracy of the generalized equations. The design principles of the multiphase CDVM concept were applied to design, fabricate, and test a breadboard model circuit to operate at a 1.2 kW power level under contract NAS 3-20395 with the NASA Lewis Research Center. Test data from a 1 . 2 kW, five-phase CDVM are included.
Resorbable Antibiotic Coatings for Bone Substitutes and Implantable Devices (2005)

Antibiotic delivery systems based on biodegradable coatings have found considerable interest for the prophylaxis and local therapy of biomaterial-related infections. In this study sparingly water-soluble gentamicin salts have been prepared and tested as biodegradable antibiotic-releasing coating systems. Using the coating systems, homogeneous, well adhering films can be produced on various implant materials, like ceramics, glasses or metals surfaces, with different surface morphologies. The in vitro release profiles of the antibiotic coating systems were characterized by an initial burst release followed by a sustained release of small antibiotic amounts up to several weeks. It was found that the in vitro release, especially in the initial phase, can be modulated by the ratio between highly water-soluble gentamicin salts and sparingly soluble ones in the coating. Coating systems of the same type as described for gentamicin are available from a wide range of antibiotics differing in structure and mechanism of antibacterial action. Based on these results, the developed antibiotic coatings offer new perspectives to prevent and treat biomaterial-related infections. Resorbierbare Antibiotische Beschichtungen für Knochenersatzwerkstoffe und Implantate Antibakterielle Beschichtungen für Implantatmaterialien können dem wirksamen Schutz der Implantate gegen bakteriellen Befall und der Einleitung einer effizienten lokalen Antibiotikatherapie dienen. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst die Herstellung gering wasserlöslicher Gentamicinsalze und ihre Verwendung in abbaubaren Beschichtungssystemen für Implantate auf Keramik-, Glas- und Metallbasis. Beschichtungsversuche mit den entwickelten Systemen auf den genannten Materialoberflächen führen zu gut haftenden, homogenen Schichten, ohne dass weitere Zusätze wie polymere Schichtbildner erforderlich sind. Das in vitro-Freisetzungsverhalten der Beschichtungen ist durch eine hohe initiale Gentamicinfreisetzung, gefolgt von einer verzögerten Freisetzung geringer Wirkstoffmengen über einen Zeitraum von bis zu mehreren Wochen charakterisiert. Über das Verhältnis von schwer zu leicht wasserlöslichen Gentamicinsalzen in der Beschichtung lässt sich das Freisetzungsverhalten des Antibiotikums, insbesondere in der initialen Phase, in weiten Grenzen steuern. Das Konzept der Bildung schwerlöslicher Gentamicinsalze zur Retardierung der Freisetzung ist auf zahlreiche weitere Antibiotika mit unterschiedlicher Struktur und unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen übertragbar. Die entwickelten Beschichtungen eröffnen damit interessante Perspektiven zur wirkungsvollen Prophylaxe und Therapie von bakteriellen Infektionen in Kombination mit verschiedenartigsten Implantatmaterialien.
5.3: Invited Paper: Low Power by Energy Multiplexing in Liquid Crystal Displays (2008)

Low power consumption and low hardware complexity of drivers can be achieved by scanning the matrix display with data corresponding to one bit of gray shade at a time. Approach to realization of low power in liquid crystal displays with high efficacy will be discussed.
Cell-based therapy for kidney disease (2015)

The prevalence of renal disease continues to increase worldwide. When normal kidney is injured, the damaged renal tissue undergoes pathological and physiological events that lead to acute and chronic kidney diseases, which frequently progress to end stage renal failure. Current treatment of these renal pathologies includes dialysis, which is incapable of restoring full renal function. To address this issue, cell-based therapy has become a potential therapeutic option to treat renal pathologies. Recent development in cell therapy has demonstrated promising therapeutic outcomes, in terms of restoration of renal structure and function impaired by renal disease. This review focuses on the cell therapy approaches for the treatment of kidney diseases, including various cell sources used, as well recent advances made in preclinical and clinical studies.
Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 2-aryl-chromenes (2014)

An enantioselective Pd-catalyzed 6-<i>endo</i>-trig reaction for the synthesis of 2-aryl-chromenes has been developed. A systematic optimization of a TADDOL-derived ligand set resulted in the identification of a novel monodentate phosphoramidite-palladium catalyst that accesses 2-aryl-<i>2H</i>-chromenes with high yield and enantioselectivity under mild conditions. The products obtained from this method can be transformed into biologically active compounds through functionalization of the chromene alkene.
Evidence for CD8+ antiviral activity in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a long, asymptomatic infection characterized by normal to elevated numbers of circulating CD8+ cells and a progressive decline in CD4+ cells. It has been speculated that HIV-specific antiviral activity driven by CD8+ T cells may control viral replication during this period and maintain the clinically asymptomatic stage of disease. The disease induced in cats by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is similar to HIV in that it is characterized by a long asymptomatic stage with a progressive decline in CD4+ cells, culminating in AIDS. In the present study, we demonstrate that FIV is more readily isolated from CD8+ T-cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of FIV-infected cats than from unfractionated PBMC cultures. In addition, CD8+ T cells isolated from FIV-positive cats demonstrating anti-FIV activity in PBMC cultures inhibit FIV infection of FCD4E cells in vitro. Anti-FIV activity is not found in FIV- negative cats and is not characteristic of cats acutely infected with FIV but is present in the majority of chronically infected, clinically asymptomatic and symptomatic cats. Decreases in plasma and cell-associated viremia during the acute-stage FIV infection appears to precede the appearance of CD8+ anti-FIV cells in the circulation. In summary, this study demonstrates a population(s) of CD8+ T cells in chronically FIV-infected cats capable of suppressing FIV replication in cultured PBMC. The significance of anti-FIV CD8+ cells in the immunopathogenesis of the infection and disease progression has yet to be determined.
Synthesis of Potent\nCytotoxic Epidithiodiketopiperazines\nDesigned\nfor Derivatization (2020)

We\ndescribe our design, synthesis, and chemical study of a set\nof functional epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs) and evaluation of\ntheir activity against five human cancer cell lines. Our structure–activity\nrelationship-guided substitution of ETP alkaloids offers versatile\nderivatization while maintaining potent anticancer activity, offering\nexciting opportunity for their use as there are no examples of complex\nand potently anticancer (nM) ETPs being directly used as conjugatable\nprobes or warheads. Our synthetic solutions to strategically designed\nETPs with functional linkers required advances in stereoselective\nlate-stage oxidation and thiolation chemistry in complex settings,\nincluding the application of novel reagents for dihydroxylation and <i>cis</i>-sulfidation of diketopiperazines. We demonstrate that\ncomplex ETPs equipped with a strategically substituted azide functional\ngroup are readily derivatized to the corresponding ETP-triazoles without\ncompromising anticancer activity. Our chemical stability studies of\nETPs along with cytotoxic evaluation of our designed ETPs against\nA549, DU 145, HeLa, HCT 116, and MCF7 human cancer cell lines provide\ninsights into the impact of structural features on potency and chemical\nstability, informing future utility of ETPs in chemical and biological\nstudies.
Stimulated Brillouin threshold dependence on fiber type and uniformity (1991)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering sets a limit on the injected power in light-wave systems.1 For single-channel systems of moderate length this effect is the dominant nonlinearity, with a threshold on the order of a few milliwatts.2 As transmitter powers increase, this effect will become an important factor in system design. It is known that the Brillouin gain spectra of fibers are affected by fiber uniformity and type.3,4 Thus, the threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering should also depend on these parameters.
Immunological determination of gliadin 33‐mer equivalent peptides in beers as a specific and practical analytical method to assess safety for celiac patients (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cereals used for beer manufacturing contain gluten, which is immunotoxic for celiac patients. The gluten remaining after processes of malting and brewing is mostly hydrolyzed, which makes practical evaluation of the immunotoxicity of the gluten pools challenging. RESULTS: We analyzed the presence of gluten peptides equivalent to the major immunotoxic protease‐resistant gliadin 33‐mer in 100 Belgium beers, using monoclonal antibodies (G12/A1). Immunochromatographic strips and enzyme‐linked immonosorbent assay G12/A1 methods estimated at least 20 ppm gluten equivalents in 90 beers and gluten‐free in 10 beers. The G12/A1 reactivity of beer high‐performance liquid chromatographic fractions correlated to the presence of T‐cell‐reactive epitopes identified by peptide sequencing. CONCLUSION: The determination of equivalent gliadin 33‐mer epitopes in beers has been shown to be practical, specific, and sensitive for the measurement of potential immunotoxicity for celiac patients. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Autoregressive modeling of diastolic heart sounds (1988)

Diastolic heart sound segments were modelled by autoregressive (AR) methods, including recursive least-square lattice (RLSL) and gradient-lattice predictors. An application of the Akaike criterion demonstrated that between 5 and 22 AR coefficients are required to describe a diastolic segment completely. The reflection coefficients, prediction coefficients, zeros of the polynomial of the inverse filter, and the AR spectrum were determined over a number (N=20-30) of diastolic segments. Preliminary results indicate that the AR spectrum and the zeros of the inverse filter polynomial can be used to distinguish between normal patients and those with coronary artery disease.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluating prosodic features for automated scoring of non-native read speech (2011)

We evaluate two types of prosodic features utilizing automatically generated stress and tone labels for non-native read speech in terms of their applicability for automated speech scoring. Both types of features have not been used in the context of automated scoring of non-native read speech to date. In our first experiment, we compute features based on a positional match between automatically identified stress and tone labels for 741 non-native read text passages with a human gold standard on the same texts read by a native speaker. Pearson correlations of up to r=0.54 between these features and human proficiency scores are observed. In our second experiment, we use stress and tone labels of the same non-native read speech corpus to compute derived features of rhythm and relative frequencies, which then again are correlated with human proficiency scores. Pearson correlations of up to r=-0.38 are observed.
Apparatus for producing diamond-like carbon flakes (1986)

A vacuum arc from a spot at the face of a graphite cathode to a graphite anode produces a beam of carbon ions and atoms. A carbon coating from this beam is deposited on an ion beam sputtered target to produce diamond-like carbon flakes. A graphite tube encloses the cathode, and electrical isolation is provided by an insulating sleeve. The tube forces the vacuum arc spot to be confined to the surface on the outermost end of the cathode. Without the tube the arc spot will wander to the side of the cathode. This spot movement results in low rates of carbon deposition, and the properties of the deposited flakes are more graphite-like than diamond-like.
Displacement measurement of track on magnetic tape by Fourier transform grid method (1991)

The Fourier Transform Moiré and Grid Method(FTMGM) is a method for measuring displacement and strain by using Fourier transform of a grating image. In this paper, we will present a new method and a system to analyze displacement distribution of the track, which are signal recorded by a video cassette recorder(VCR) and a digital audio tape recorder(DAT), by using the FTMGM. Using this method, we can obtain a two-dimensional distribution of the displacement amount from linear state of the track recorded on a magnetic tape. Therefore, by using this track displacement information, it is possible to clarify the timewize variation state of the displacement and to remove the factors of worsening the track linearity. It is available for a high density recording on a magnetic tape.