gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mitochondrial-targeted cyclosporin A with high binding affinity for cyclophilin D yields improved cytoprotection of cardiomyocytes (2011)

Mitochondrial CyP-D (cyclophilin-D) catalyses formation of the PT (permeability transition) pore, a key lesion in the pathogenesis of I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury. There is evidence [Malouitre, Dube, Selwood and Crompton (2010) Biochem. J. 425, 137-148] that cytoprotection by the CyP inhibitor CsA (cyclosporin A) is improved by selective targeting to mitochondria. To investigate this further, we have developed an improved mtCsA (mitochondrial-targeted CsA) by modifying the spacer linking the CsA to the TPP+ (triphenylphosphonium) (mitochondrial-targeting) cation. The new mtCsA exhibits an 18-fold increase in binding affinity for CyP-D over the prototype and a 12-fold increase in potency of inhibition of the PT in isolated mitochondria, owing to a marked decrease in non-specific binding. The cytoprotective capacity was assessed in isolated rat cardiomyocytes subjected to transient glucose and oxygen deprivation (pseudo-I/R). The new mtCsA was maximally effective at lower concentrations than CsA (3-15 nM compared with 50-100 nM) and yielded improved cytoprotection for up to 3 h following the pseudo-ischaemic insult (near complete compared with 40%). These data indicate the potential value of selective CyP-D inhibition in cytoprotection.
Tracking Error Analysis of a Rotation-Elevation Mode Heliostat (2007)

For the past few years, great efforts have been done in improving the tracking accuracy of a newly proposed rotation-elevation tracking mode heliostat. A special simulation program has been developed to systematically analyze the image movement and to find out the error of the parameters. In the simulation program, ray-tracing method was applied to work out the central point position of the master mirror image on the target plane during the primary tracking. From the experiment, less than 5cm of tracking error was achieved with the help of the simulation program. We discussed the error analysis of the two prototypes of so called Non-Imaging Focusing Heliostat (NIFH) in University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) which has greatly reduced the optical alignment process and resulting more precise result.
Bone-Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals Including Radium-223 (2013)

Bone-seeking radionuclides including samarium-153 ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate and strontium-89 have been used for decades in the palliation of pain from bone metastases especially from prostate cancer. Emerging evidence of improved survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with the first-in-class α-radionuclide, radium-223 (Ra) has rekindled interest in the role of bone-seeking radionuclide therapy.We review the literature for randomized controlled trials of bone-seeking radionuclides and explore some of the issues regarding the optimal use of these agents. In particular, we discuss dose, dose rate, radiobiology, and quality of radiation and postulate on potential future directions in particular combination schedules. β-Emitting, bone-seeking radionuclides have proven ability to control pain in prostate cancer metastatic to bone with pain response rates in the order of 60% to 70% when used as single agents. Most of the published trials were underpowered to detect differences in survival; however, there is evidence of the potential for disease modification when these agents are used in combination with chemotherapy or in multiple cycles.Data from the recent phase III ALSYMPCA trial that compared Ra to placebo in symptomatic CRPC demonstrate a significant improvement in median overall survival of 3.6 months for patients with symptomatic CRPC metastatic to bone treated with 6 cycles of the α-emitting radionuclide Ra compared with placebo. The success of Ra in improving survival in CRPC will lead this agent to become part of the treatment paradigm for this disease, and with such an excellent safety profile, Ra has huge potential in combination strategies as well as for use earlier in the natural history of metastatic prostate cancer.
Data Center Flooded Lead Acid Battery Early Degradation Causes, Analysis, and Mitigation (2018)

The continuous operation of the data center is very crucial as it centralizes all company's information technology operations. Due to the criticality of the equipment hosted in the data centers, their power reliability becomes of utmost importance industry wide, requiring the deployment of a big scale backup system satisfying best-in class service. In this case, the studied data center is being electrically supplied by a system of 30 Uninterruptable Power Supplies (UPS), each of which is sized to provide 750kVA/675KW of power and backed up by 7200 of flooded lead acid batteries. The whole UPS system was commissioned and put into operation in 2013. Despite that being lately commissioned, some of the battery banks have shown severe degradation and unreliability. The hasty chemical reactions, sulfation resulted in a premature aging and immediate replacement of some cells. This paper will examine the battery degradation causes and effects, as well as identify gaps between current maintenance practices and industry standards. It will also analyze battery historical data including commissioning data and battery performance test results. In addition, it will shed light on the lessons learned and the relevant cost-effective mitigation techniques implemented to overcome this issue.
4H-SiC MESFET's on high resistivity substrates with 30 GHz f/sub max/ (2002)

MESFET's fabricated on high resistivity 4H-SiC substrates have attained an f/sub max/ of 30.5 GHz and an f/sub /spl tau// of 14.0 GHz. Both of these figures of merit are the highest ever reported for a SiC MESFET, and this is the first report of high resistivity 4H-SiC substrates. With the continued advances in bulk crystal growth, including the availability of high resistivity material, the development of two-inch substrates and the reduction of micropipe defect densities to <30 cm/sup -2/, SiC is rapidly emerging as a viable technology for high power microwave applications.
A survey on measuring indirect discrimination in machine learning (2015)

Nowadays, many decisions are made using predictive models built on historical data.Predictive models may systematically discriminate groups of people even if the computing process is fair and well-intentioned. Discrimination-aware data mining studies how to make predictive models free from discrimination, when historical data, on which they are built, may be biased, incomplete, or even contain past discriminatory decisions. Discrimination refers to disadvantageous treatment of a person based on belonging to a category rather than on individual merit. In this survey we review and organize various discrimination measures that have been used for measuring discrimination in data, as well as in evaluating performance of discrimination-aware predictive models. We also discuss related measures from other disciplines, which have not been used for measuring discrimination, but potentially could be suitable for this purpose. We computationally analyze properties of selected measures. We also review and discuss measuring procedures, and present recommendations for practitioners. The primary target audience is data mining, machine learning, pattern recognition, statistical modeling researchers developing new methods for non-discriminatory predictive modeling. In addition, practitioners and policy makers would use the survey for diagnosing potential discrimination by predictive models.
Differentiation of Alveolitis and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rabbits With Magnetic Resonance Imaging After Intrabronchial Administration of Bleomycin (1999)

Magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate between alveolitis and fibrosis by means of signal intensity and contrast enhancement after gadolinium-DTPA administration.
Effect of therapeutic ultrasound intensity on subcutaneous tissue temperature and ulnar nerve conduction velocity. (1985)

Twenty subjects completed 5 min. periods of sonation, at each of six US intensities, over the ulnar nerve in the proximal forearm. All posttreatment NCV's differed significantly from the respective pretreatment velocities. The immediate posttreatment NCV associated with placebo US was significantly (p less than 0.01) less than that observed immediately pretreatment (2.81 m/s), while the five clinical US intensities produced significantly increased immediate posttreatment velocities: 0.5 w/cm2 (2.23 m/s) at (p less than 0.05), and 1.0 w/cm2 (2.78 m/s), 1.5 w/cm2 (3.15 m/s), 2.0 w/cm2 (4.47 m/s) and 2.5 w/cm2 (2.97 m/s) at (p less than 0.01). The posttreatment velocities associated with the five clinical intensities were all significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than that associated with placebo US. Subcutaneous tissue temperatures were directly related to the intensity of US. Not until US intensity had reached 1.5 w/cm2 did the heating effect of US negate the cooling effect of the US transmission gel, to produce significantly increased subcutaneous tissue temperatures after 5 min. sonation. The decreased ulnar motor NCV's associated with placebo US are attributed to the cooling effect of the US transmission gel. The increased ulnar motor NCV's associated with the clinical intensities of US are attributed to the deep heating effect of US. The breakdown of this linear relationship at 2.5 w/cm2 intensity suggests that at this point heating on the nerve and/or the mechanical effects of US were of sufficient magnitude so as to limit the increase in conduction velocity. Sonation over an area of approximately 4.5 times the soundhead for 5 min., along the proximal forearm, at clinical intensities did not have a bipositive effect on motor NCV.
Renal dimensions in Nepalese population: a preliminary study. (2004)

Kidney dimensions have been measured in various parts of the world ultrasonographically and morphometrically though never in Nepal. Prior knowledge of kidney dimensions in Nepalese population would be of immense help to ultrasonologists planning to scan kidney. Forty normal-appearing formalin-preserved adult kidneys of unknown age and sex were measured using a sliding caliper for maximum length, width and thickness. Weight of kidney was measured by a "micro" weighing balance. Student's t test was applied for statistical significance. Right kidney was 85.25 +/- 10.7mm. long, 50.65 +/- 5.8mm. wide and 34.6 +/- 5.1 mm. thick. Left kidney was 91.65 +/- 9.2mm. long, 53.65 +/- 5.2mm. wide and 38.5 +/- 4.1 mm. thick. Weight of right kidney was 84.16 +/- 28.4 gm. and left kidney was 111.1 +/- 28.9 gm. Kidneys of Nepalese population were shorter and lighter than people living in other parts of the world. Difference between length, thickness and weight of left and right kidney was statistically significant but difference in width was not. Variation from other population is racial. Difference in left and right kidney dimensions is reported in various earlier literatures; therefore, Nepalese population is no exception.
Efficient stabilization of bulk fish oil rich in long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (2008)

Abstract The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the possibilities of stabilizing a bulk oil rich in long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids under ambient conditions. Combinations of different antioxidants (α‐, γ‐ and/or δ‐tocopherol, rosmarinic acid and rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid) as well as lecithin and citric acid were systematically investigated. Efficient stabilization was achieved by choosing a combination of tocopherols rich in γ‐ or δ‐tocopherol and low in α‐tocopherol, by including tocopherol‐sparing synergists like ascorbyl palmitate and carnosic acid from rosemary extract and metal‐chelating agents. For carnosic acid, a concentration of 400 mg/kg oil provides sufficient protection; the concentration of the metal chelator should be adapted to the concentration of metal ions present in the oil. As an alternative ingredient with metal‐chelating and tocopherol‐sparing activity, lecithin may be included in the formulation, but its poor solubility in bulk oils limits its use.
Dielectric based frequency agile microwave devices (2004)

Low loss highly tunable microwave material can be fabricated using dielectric laminate structure in which effective dielectric constant /spl epsiv//sub ef/ is efficiently controlled. The proposed combined structure usually consists of two dielectric parts with an air gap between them. This gap has to be arranged in such a way that provides the largest perturbation in the electromagnetic filed. By means of fast piezo electric mini-actuator, the size of the air gap is changed. As a result, the /spl epsiv//sub ef/ of given structure strongly varies that is used for device control. Wideband low loss waveguide phase shifters, highly tunable dielectric resonators, and based on them 20%-tunable filter are realized experimentally.
Establishing PAX6 as a Biomarker to Detect Early Loss of Ocular Phenotype in Human Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome (2014)

Downregulation of PAX6 in SS patients was highly associated with ocular surface damage and largely dependent on the level of inflammation. Restoration of PAX6 may provide a clinical approach to manage dry eye in SS patients.
A new missing ATM cell reconstruction scheme for ADPCM-coded speech (2003)

For adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM)-coded speech communications in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, it is very important to reduce the degradation of speech quality brought about by distortions causes by cell losses. The authors analyze the distortions brought about by applying conventional waveform substitution techniques to the missing ADPCM cell recovery. Based on this analysis, they propose a novel missing cell reconstruction technique, which, after making a pitch estimation from ADPCM codes, substitutes previously received ADPCM codes for the missing ones. This technique was implemented using a custom LSI processor, and it was confirmed that the speech quality degradation caused by cell loss was sufficiently reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of controlled oxygen limitation on Candida shehatae physiology for ethanol production from xylose and glucose (2010)

Carbon distribution and kinetics of Candida shehatae were studied in fed-batch fermentation with xylose or glucose (separately) as the carbon source in mineral medium. The fermentations were carried out in two phases, an aerobic phase dedicated to growth followed by an oxygen limitation phase dedicated to ethanol production. Oxygen limitation was quantified with an average specific oxygen uptake rate (OUR) varying between 0.30 and 2.48 mmolO(2) g dry cell weight (DCW)(-1) h(-1), the maximum value before the aerobic shift. The relations among respiration, growth, ethanol production and polyol production were investigated. It appeared that ethanol was produced to provide energy, and polyols (arabitol, ribitol, glycerol and xylitol) were produced to reoxidize NADH from assimilatory reactions and from the co-factor imbalance of the two-first enzymatic steps of xylose uptake. Hence, to manage carbon flux to ethanol production, oxygen limitation was a major controlled parameter; an oxygen limitation corresponding to an average specific OUR of 1.19 mmolO(2) g DCW(-1) h(-1) allowed maximization of the ethanol yield over xylose (0.327 g g(-1)), the average productivity (2.2 g l(-1) h(-1)) and the ethanol final titer (48.81 g l(-1)). For glucose fermentation, the ethanol yield over glucose was the highest (0.411 g g(-1)) when the specific OUR was low, corresponding to an average specific OUR of 0.30 mmolO(2) g DCW(-1) h(-1), whereas the average ethanol productivity and ethanol final titer reached the maximum values of 1.81 g l(-1) h(-1) and 54.19 g l(-1) when the specific OUR was the highest.
From Mental Poker to Core Business (2015)

Technological innovations in security and privacy are critical to advancing modern computing in our time. I will present an effort involving deployment of experimental commercial applications designed and built as a 'secure multi-party computation protocol for specific tasks,' to be used repetitively to achieve a number of concrete ubiquitous business goals. In these applications, the outputs are calculated in the presence of privacy constraints which prevent parties from sharing their individual inputs directly and openly. I will also discuss what I think are the reasons for the inherent difficulty of developing such routines in general (for achieving business goals). In particular, I will survey what I believe to be the reasons that almost 40 years since secure computation protocols was invented as a basic theoretical notion, capturing specific and then general computational tasks, and in spite of its theoretical and even experimentation success, the notion has not yet been widely and seriously used in achieving routine relevant business goals (in contrast with symmetric key and public key cryptosystems and protocols, which were also proposed 40 years ago and are used extensively, primarily to implement secure authenticated channels). The presentation will also cover the general bottom up methodology used in this effort leading to the design and development process. This exemplifying methodology includes: feasibility study of the specific domain, extraction of business needs which are limited by privacy constraints, application analysis from the perspective of utility metrics and secure computing. Then, the methodology further includes design, implementation, and experimentation, guided by the analysis and employing appropriate protocols, while considering scale and performance constraints, and cost overhead that is tolerable.
DMA transfer method for wide-range speed and frequency measurement (1993)

A frequency measurement method based on both pulse counting and time measurement during a constant sampling time is presented. The content of a free-running timer is transferred by a direct memory access (DMA) to a memory location after each rising edge of an input pulse, so the DMA transfer counter serves as a pulse counter. Several sources of measurement errors are discussed in detail. The DMA method is suitable for real-time speed control system with an integrated DMA controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multitenancy - Security Risks and Countermeasures (2012)

Security within the cloud is of paramount importance as the interest and indeed utilization of cloud computing increase. Multitenancy in particular introduces unique security risks to cloud computing as a result of more than one tenant utilizing the same physical computer hardware and sharing the same software and data. The purpose of this paper is to explore the specific risks in cloud computing due to Multitenancy and the measures that can be taken to mitigate those risks.
Mind your step! A falls prevention programme designed to reduce falls in those over 75 years (2007)

Falls among older people cause significant mortality and morbidity, thus presenting a serious issue for older people and health and social care professionals alike. The simple occurrence of a fall conceals the range of physical, psychological, social and environmental factors, which can contribute to this event. Research advocates that professionals should engage with health promotion and develop individualised preventions in order to minimise risk of falling. In this study, a multi-disciplinary, falls prevention initiative was developed with older people who had recently fallen. The initiative started with a common assessment but was followed by a variable, individualised programme of different interventions. The older people involved were assessed pre- and post-intervention, using a questionnaire checklist, on several different dimensions associated with falling. Outcomes were assessed in terms of reduction in risk and the incidence of falls, both of which were found to be statistically significant in several of the identified dimensions post-intervention. Consequently, it could be estimated that approximately 44 falls were prevented through this nine-month initiative. This study would support the integration of this falls prevention initiative into routine community care practice through the existing over-75 health check and the development of a specialised falls team. Further research would be beneficial to follow up whether the reduction in the incidence of falling is sustained over time. Enhanced participation of user, carer, voluntary and community partners is recommended as this would allow older people themselves to play an active role in improving their own well-being and that of others.
Cross-talk explained (2008)

The image sensor measurements are subject to degradation caused by the photon and electron leakage. The color image data acquired via a spatial subsampling procedure implemented as a color filter array is especially vulnerable to the ambiguation between neighboring pixels that measure different portions of the visible spectrum. This so-called "cross-talk" phenomenon is expected to become more severe as the electronics industry's trend to shrink the device footprint continues because the pixel sensors are more densely packed together. We show that an analysis of the mechanism underlying the cross-talk problem is surprisingly straightforward. Our comprehensive analysis admits a simple and effective color correction scheme for a given choice of color filter array in a digital camera.
Action of rotenone and related respiratory inhibitors on mammalian cell division. 1 Cell kinetics and biochemical aspects. (1976)

Inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, phosphorylation inhibitors, and uncoupling agents have been reported to delay or inhibit mitosis in cultured mammalian cells. Although the molecular mechanism by which mitosis is delayed in the presence of most respiratory inhibitors presumably involves lowered ATP production for mitotic requirements, one respiratory inhibitor, rotenone, was determined to arrest mitosis by an unrelated mechanism. Cell cycle kinetics studies, oxygen consumption measurements, and viscosity assays indicate that rotenone arrests cultured mammalian cells in mitosis by inhibiting spindle microtubule assembly by a mechanism analogous with colchicine, Colecemid and related antimitotic drugs. Amytal, which blocks electron transport at the same site as does rotenone, failed to arrest cell progression at mitosis. Rotenone delayed cell progression in all phases of the cell cycle, apparently as a direct result of respiration inhibition. Thus, rotenone appears to exert a dual function on events of the cell cycle.
Self-organizing cooperative sensor network for remote surveillance: current results (1999)

The capabilities of unattended ground sensors (UGSs) have steadily improved and have been shown to be of value in various military missions. Today's UGS are multi-functional, integrated sensor platforms that can detect and locate a wide variety of ground-based and airborne targets. The rather large size (> 1 cubic foot) and relatively expensive cost of these integrated platforms are two main drawbacks for remote surveillance applications that support rapidly deployable, small unit operations. As an alternative, remote surveillance may be possible with smaller, less costly sensors that work cooperatively together as a network. The objective of this study was to develop algorithms that can optimally organized and adaptively control a network of UGSs in order to achieve a surveillance mission. In the present study, the sensor network, a random distribution of acoustic sensors over a surveillance area, is tasked to detect and track any targets entering into the surveillance area. In addition, the sensor network is required to maximize its tracking accuracy and minimize its power utilization.