gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Diarrhea in West African Children: Diverse Enteric Viruses and a Novel Parvovirus Genus (2012)

Parvoviruses cause a variety of mild to severe symptoms or asymptomatic infections in humans and animals. During a viral metagenomic analysis of feces from children with acute diarrhea in Burkina Faso, we identified in decreasing prevalence nucleic acids from anelloviruses, dependoviruses, sapoviruses, enteroviruses, bocaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, parechoviruses, rotaviruses, cosavirus, astroviruses, and hepatitis B virus. Sequences from a highly divergent parvovirus, provisionally called bufavirus, were also detected whose NS1 and VP1 proteins showed <39% and <31% identities to those of previously known parvoviruses. Four percent of the fecal samples were PCR positive for this new parvovirus, including a related bufavirus species showing only 72% identity in VP1. The high degree of genetic divergence of these related genomes from those of other parvoviruses indicates the presence of a proposed new Parvoviridae genus containing at least two species. Studies of the tropism and pathogenicity of these novel parvoviruses will be facilitated by the availability of their genome sequences.
Fast autonomous holographic adaptive optics (2010)

We present details of a MEMS-based holographic adaptive optics system. The modal wavefront sensing relies on measuring the intensity of focal spots using a multiplexed hologram and multi-pixel photon counter. The basis set for the sensing is a direct recording of the actuator responses in the deformable mirror. This allows us to directly control the wavefront correction in closed loop without need for any calculations or computer. The entire system is compact and lightweight and the limiting speed is set only by the dynamics of the deformable mirror and not the number of actuators.
Upgrading of waste-water treatment plants for the biological nitrogen elimination by the injection of on-line prepared mixed cultures (1994)

By mixing of defined single bacterial and yeast strains with known biokinetic and growth properties, it is possible to prepare various efficient designed mixed cultures for the biodegradation of defined persistent substances and their derivatives. Preparing the mixed cultures on line in separate propagators and enriching the activated sludges semi-continuously by injection of the mixed culture into the activated sludge reactor it is possible to improve the biodegradation efficiency of waste water treatment plants. Applying this technology in a cokery effluents treating plant designed for the removal of COD and phenols, additionally to an improved COD-removal it succeeded in establishing a very efficient nitrification. Injecting a mixed culture, containing oxygen tolerant denitrifying strains into the municipal waste water treatment plant of Salzburg it was possible to establish a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification under aerobic conditions
Synthesis and biological activity of spergualin analogues. I. (1988)

Stable spergualin analogues were synthesized by substitutions of the alpha-hydroxyglycine residue of spergualin with various alpha- or omega-amino acids. The antitumor activity of these analogues against L1210 and their immunosuppressive effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody formation was then examined. Analogues substituted with glycine and L-serine showed significant biological activity but were less potent than 15-deoxyspergualin. Among the analogues synthesized so far, 10-[N-4-(4-guanidinophenyl)butyryl-L-seryl]-1,5,10-triazadecane has possessed the strongest antitumor and immunosuppressive activities.
Zeolite-Based Process for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture from High-Pressure, Moderate-Temperature Gas Streams (2011)

A novel CO2 capture process was developed using a zeolite suitable for CO2 removal at warm-gas temperatures in high-pressure coal gasification gas streams. The process involves sorption of CO2 at 150 °C and regeneration at 350 °C. Regeneration at 350 °C removes the moisture absorbed during CO2 sorption. This sorption temperature is ideal for CO2 removal downstream of the water gas shift reactor in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant but is also applicable to other warm gas cleanup processes. Most solvent-based processes require energy-intensive drying to remove moisture prior to CO2 removal. Using zeolites for CO2 capture at 150 °C and regeneration at 350 °C eliminates the problem with moisture in the gas stream traditionally causing deactivation of the zeolite. The results of using this capture scheme in an IGCC power plant is advantageous because of the high-pressure CO2 product stream and because removal of CO2 and H2O from the syngas generates high-quality H2 for the combustion turbines. In the example used in this work, the resulting CO2 stream separated from the fuel gas is delivered at 280 psi significantly reducing the energy required for compression from 27.6 MW in the EPRI report utilizing Selexol to 9.9 MW in this work. The overall thermal efficiency of the plant utilizing this CO2 removal scheme was estimated at 36.5, which is 0.5% less than the comparable Selxol plant. However, this process, combined with other warm gas cleanup technologies, offers the ability to significantly reduce the auxiliary load associated with syngas clean up, thereby increasing overall power plant efficiency.
Low-Latency Low-Complexity Architectures for (2009)

Look-ahead techniques are applied in the nonlinear add-compare-select unit for achieving high throughput in Viterbi decoders. Multiple steps of the binary trellis are combined into an equivalent one-step complex trellis in time sequence, which is referred to as the branch metric precomputation (BMP). As the look-ahead level increases, the BMP dominates the complexity and delay of the overall system architecture. This paper systematically proposes an optimal branch metric computation scheme with the minimal complexity and latency. The proof of its optimality is also given. This highly efficient scheme leads to a novel overall optimal BMP architecture for any look-ahead level. Furthermore, an al- ternative technique other than the look-ahead is proposed for re- ducing the latency at very low complexity cost. This alternative technique can be either applied in combination with the proposed architecture to achieve the lowest latency at a slight increase in complexity or used on its own for low complexity compared with other look-ahead-based architectures. Results show that the three proposed architectures can either reduce complexity by up to 84% or reduce the latency by up to 72.50%.
Design and Development of a Task Specific Robot for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Early Gastrointestinal Cancers (2014)

This paper presents a task specific robot for the procedure of endoscopic sub mucosal dissection (ESD). This robot has two arms with nine degrees of freedom (DOF), and the capability of tissue elevation and dissection. An optimal design of these robot arms requires the use of shape memory alloy (SMA) wire and steel wire actuators to develop an improved actuation mechanism, which enables force to be transmitted to the distal tip of the robot arms for an efficient tissue dissection. The details of the robot such as robot arm design and kinematics, driven unit mechanism and novel controller design are presented. Two endoscopists, who are also upper gastrointestinal surgeons, independently evaluated our robot in a bench porcine model ex vivo. Both of them were able to complete the procedure within 75-85% of the marked sub mucosal tissue and within 30 minutes.
Self‐balanced non‐isolated hybrid modular DC–DC converter for medium‐voltage DC grids (2018)

Here, a new bi‐directional hybrid modular non‐isolated DC–DC converter is proposed where it consists of a boost converter (BC) fed from the high‐voltage (HV) side. At the BC output stage, a certain number of half bridge submodules (HB‐SMs) is connected across the BC switch. During the turn‐on period of BC switch, the HB‐SMs are connected sequentially to the low‐voltage (LV) side, which results in charging/discharging their capacitors from/into the LV side. While, during the turn‐off period, the LV side is bypassed and the HB‐SMs capacitors are connected in series across the BC output stage, which results in discharging/charging them into/from the HV side. The power flow is controlled in both directions by controlling the duty cycle. The proposed configuration provides self‐balancing operation thanks to the sequential connection of HB‐SMs capacitors, and it also provides the ability to operate with high conversion ratios. Illustration and analysis of the proposed converter and its closed‐loop controller are presented. A full design of the values and ratings of the involved components are presented. Simulation study for a 2.5 MW (25 kV/10 kV) DC–DC converter is presented. Finally, experimental results for a downscaled prototype are presented for validation.
Detailed investigations of polymer/metal multilayer matching layer and backing absorber structures for wideband ultrasonic transducers (2012)

Detailed investigations of multilayer front and back matching layers and a novel backing absorber have been conducted, the detailed theory for which was presented in a previous paper. To design useful structures using the simple proposed equations, the material parameters of the constituent layers must be identified. Therefore, polyimide (for the matching layer) and adhesive-backed copper tape (for the absorber) were characterized by bonding them to polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer ultrasonic transducers and then applying a parameter-fitting algorithm to the resulting impedance data. A double matching layer was designed using an 11-μm PVDF (inner) and 23-μm copper (outer) multilayer construction in the first matching section followed by a 75-μm polyimide layer as a typical quarter-wavelength material in the second (outermost) matching section. This structure was bonded to 330-μm PZT with air backing and the reflection waveform from a short pulse was captured. The FFT frequency response showed a 3.1-MHz bandwidth centered at 6.4 MHz, which agreed with the Mason's model analysis. The use of multiple layers of copper tape as a backing absorber was also investigated. At 3 MHz, the measured impedance was 4 MRayl, attenuation was 220 dB/cm, and velocity was 890 m/s, which agreed with the design theory. The 4-MRayl copper-tape structure was bonded to a back matching structure made from one layer of polyimide and one layer of brass (multilayer matching), and the effectiveness of the backing absorber made of 10 layers of copper tape on a 3-MHz transducer was confirmed.
Use of a T Cell–Based Assay for Monitoring Efficacy of Antituberculosis Therapy (2004)

Monitoring the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy is crucial both for the individual patient and for better control of the spread of tuberculosis. We studied 18 patients with microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis, both at the time of diagnosis and 3 months after they started therapy, using an in vitro assay that detects T cell-mediated interferon- gamma response to selected peptides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) protein. All patients had positive results at diagnosis; however, 3 months later, the response to ESAT-6 peptides was still detectable only in the 5 patients with microbiological isolation and/or absence of clinical improvement after treatment. On the basis of these data, we conclude that our assay is a useful tool in monitoring the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy.
Formation nonlinear constants from sonic measurements at two borehole pressures (1999)

Abstract Granular structure and microcracks in rocks cause large nonlinearities in the constitutive relations that result in the stress dependence of acoustic-wave velocities. The nonlinear constitutive relations of isotropic materials are described in terms of two linear and three nonlinear elastic constants. For nonhyperelastic materials such as rocks, these constants are defined in terms of strain derivatives of stresses for either the load or unload cycle. Acoustic waveforms at an array of receivers recorded at two different borehole pressures can be used to estimate two of the three formation nonlinear constants. Processing of these time waveforms produced by a monopole or dipole source yields the Stoneley or flexural dispersions, respectively. The differences in the Stoneley and flexural dispersions caused by a known change in the borehole pressure are then utilized in a multifrequency inversion model that yields two of the three independent nonlinear constants of the formation. These two nonlinear constants, c 144 and c 155 , are sufficient to calculate the difference between the maximum and minimum stresses in the azimuthal plane from the dipole anisotropy in the fast and slow shear-wave velocities. In addition, these two formation nonlinear constants are also sufficient to estimate the stress derivatives, delta (rho 0 V 212 )/delta S and delta (rho 0 V 213 )/delta S for shear-wave propagation normal to the uniaxial stress direction in a cylindrical rock sample of the same material as that of the in-situ formation rock. Here rho 0 is the formation mass density in the reference state; V IJ denotes plane-wave velocity for propagation along the X I -direction and polarization along the X J -direction; and S is the uniaxial stress magnitude applied normal to the propagation direction. Generally, a positive derivative indicates that the rock sample would stiffen with increasing uniaxial stress and a negative derivative indicates that it would soften.
Uncertainty propagation for quality assurance in Reinforcement Learning (2008)

In this paper we address the reliability of policies derived by Reinforcement Learning on a limited amount of observations. This can be done in a principled manner by taking into account the derived Q-functionpsilas uncertainty, which stems from the uncertainty of the estimators used for the MDPpsilas transition probabilities and the reward function. We apply uncertainty propagation parallelly to the Bellman iteration and achieve confidence intervals for the Q-function. In a second step we change the Bellman operator as to achieve a policy guaranteeing the highest minimum performance with a given probability. We demonstrate the functionality of our method on artificial examples and show that, for an important problem class even an enhancement of the expected performance can be obtained. Finally we verify this observation on an application to gas turbine control.
Module placement for analog layout using the sequence-pair representation (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of device-level placement for analog layout. Different from most of the existing approaches employing basically simulated annealing optimization algorithms operating on flat Gellat-Jepsen spatial representations, we use a more recent topological representation called sequence-pair, which has the advantage of not being restricted to slicing floorplan topologies. In this paper, we explain how specific features essential to analog placement, such as the ability to deal with symmetry and device matching constraints, can be easily handled by employing the sequence-pair representation. Several analog examples substantiate the effectiveness of our placement tool, which is already in use in an industrial environment.
High dielectric constant polymer-ceramic composite for embedded capacitor application (2002)

Integral passive components can reduce assembly cost and improve electrical performance as compared with traditional discrete passive components. Developing a suitable material that satisfies electrical, reliability, and processing requirements is one of the major challenges of incorporating passives into a print wire board (PWB). Polymer-ceramic composites have been of as much interest as integral capacitor materials because they combine the processability of polymers with the desired electrical properties of ceramics. In this work a polymer-ceramic composite with very high dielectric constant (/spl epsi//sub r/=89) has been developed for embedded capacitor application. High dielectric constant material is obtained by increasing the dielectric constant of the epoxy matrix (/spl epsi//sub r//spl sim/5) and using the combination of PMN-PT/BaTiO/sub 3/ as ceramic fillers. The effect of the composite microstructure on the effective dielectric constant has been studied.
Mono‐ and diquaternary ammonium cellulose cottons prepared in nonaqueous media (1975)

Abstract Mono‐ and diquaternary ammonium cellulose anion exchangers in fabric form were prepared in nonaqueous media by reacting diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)‐cotton with an alkyl halide, RX, or a dihaloalkane, X(CH 2 ) n X, respectively. The alkyl group was varied from CH 3 to C 18 H 35 , and n varied from 5 to 10 in the dihaloalkanes. Electron emission spectroscopy for chemical analyses (ESCA) showed that approximately 70% of the amino groups in the original DEAE‐cotton were free amines. ESCA data showed that highest degree of quaternization of the free amine groups was obtained with CH 3 I but that diiodo and dibromo pentanes and decanes were also effective. Diquaternary ammonium cellulose exchangers of high nitrogen content had high wet and conditioned wrinkle recoveries, whereas the monoquaternary ammonium cellulose exchangers showed no improvement in wet or conditioned wrinkle recoveries. The monoquaternaries, like unmodified cottons and DEAE‐cottons, were soluble in cupriethylenediamine hydroxide (cuene), and cross sections of their fibers expanded when subjected to layer expansion techniques. All diquaternaries were insoluble in cuene, and their cross sections did not layer.
Biodegradation of environmental pollutants by the white rot fungus <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i>: Involvement of the lignin degrading system (1987)

Abstract The white‐rot fungus Phanrochaete chrysosporium has the ability to degrade a wide variety of structurally diverse organic compounds, including a number of environmentally persistent organopollutants. The unique biodegradative abilities of this fungus appears to be dependent upon its lignin‐degrading system. The non‐specific and partially extracellular nature of this system suggests that it may be useful as a supplementary means to treat organochemical wastes.
Phosphate-Tolerant Oxygen Reduction Catalysts (2014)

Increased oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, improved CO tolerance, and more efficient water and heat management represent significant advantages that high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) operating with a phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane offer over traditional Nafion-based, low-temperature PEFCs. However, before such HT-PEFCs become viable, the detrimental effect of phosphate chemisorption on the performance of state-of-the-art Pt-based cathode catalysts needs to be addressed. In this study, we propose a solution to the severe poisoning of Pt-based PEFC cathode catalysts with phosphates (H2PO4– and HPO42–) by replacing standard Pt/C catalysts with phosphate-tolerant, nonprecious metal catalyst (NPMC) formulations. Catalysts with a very high surface area (845 m2 g–1) were synthesized in this work from polyaniline (PANI), iron, and carbon using a high-temperature approach. The effects of metal precursors and metal loading on the morphology, structure, and ORR activity of the NPMCs were systematically studied. Electrochemical measurements indicated that as-prepared Fe-based catalysts (PANI-Fe-C) can tolerate phosphate ions at high concentrations and deliver ORR performance in 5.0 M H3PO4 that is superior to that of Pt/C catalysts. A 30 wt % Fe-derived catalyst was found to have the most porous morphology and the highest surface area among studied Fe-based catalysts, which correlates with the highest ORR activity of that catalyst. These cost-effective and well-performing ORR catalysts can potentially replace Pt/C catalysts in phosphoric acid-based HT-PEFCs.
Micro-Holographic Multi-Layer Optical Disk Data Storage (2005)

We demonstrate 12-layer storage of 5.84 Gbits per square inch via micro-holograms written and read at 0.532 nm from a 125 micron photopolymer disk continuously rotating at 3600 RPM. Scaling predicts a potential TByte capacity.
Solvated Graphene Frameworks as High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2015)

A solvent-exchange approach for the preparation of solvated graphene frameworks as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is reported. The mechanically strong graphene frameworks exhibit unique hierarchical solvated porous networks and can be directly used as electrodes with a significantly improved electrochemical performance compared to unsolvated graphene frameworks, including very high reversible capacities, excellent rate capabilities, and superior cycling stabilities.
BEHAB, a new member of the proteoglycan tandem repeat family of hyaluronan-binding proteins that is restricted to the brain. (1994)

Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous component of the extracellular matrix of all tissues. In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) HA is present throughout development and into adulthood. While the functions of HA are likely to be mediated by HA-binding proteins, no cell or tissue specific HA-binding proteins have been reported. In an effort to characterize the composition of the extracellular matrix of the CNS, we sought to identify neural HA-binding proteins. We report here the isolation and characterization of a cDNA with a high degree of sequence homology to members of the proteoglycan tandem repeat (PTR) family of HA-binding proteins. Unlike other HA-binding proteins, the expression of this cDNA is restricted to the CNS. We propose the name BEHAB, Brain Enriched HyAluronan Binding protein, for this gene. The expression of BEHAB mRNA is developmentally regulated; expression is first detected in the late embryonic period and peaks during the first two postnatal weeks. In the embryo, BEHAB is expressed at highest levels in mitotically active cells. The sequence of BEHAB has long stretches of identity between rat and cat, suggesting that the encoded protein is functionally important. The size and sequence of BEHAB are consistent with the possibility that it could serve a function like link protein, stabilizing interactions between HA and brain proteoglycans. These observations suggest that existence of other tissue specific HA-binding proteins.
Intranasal Immunization With an Apolipoprotein B-100 Fusion Protein Induces Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Reduces Atherosclerosis (2010)

Nasal administration of an apoB-100 peptide fused to CTB attenuates atherosclerosis and induces regulatory Tr1 cells that inhibit T effector responses to apoB-100.