gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the localized surface plasmon resonance behaviors of Au nanorings and tracking their diffusion in bio-tissue with optical coherence tomography (2010)

The characterization results of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au nanorings (NRs) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) are first demonstrated. Then, the diffusion behaviors of Au NRs in mouse liver samples tracked with OCT are shown. For such research, aqueous solutions of Au NRs with two different localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelengths are prepared and characterized. Their LSPR-induced extinction cross sections at 1310 nm are estimated with OCT scanning of solution droplets on coverslip to show reasonably consistent results with the data at individual LSPR wavelengths and at 1310 nm obtained from transmission measurements of Au NR solutions and numerical simulations. The resonant and non-resonant Au NRs are delivered into mouse liver samples for tracking Au NR diffusion in the samples through continuous OCT scanning for one hour. With resonant Au NRs, the average A-mode scan profiles of OCT scanning at different delay times clearly demonstrate the extension of strong backscattering depth with time. The calculation of speckle variance among successive OCT scanning images, which is related to the local transport speed of Au NRs, leads to the illustrations of downward propagation and spreading of major Au NR motion spot with time.
A Study on the Influence of Substituting Cu Eine Particle for CuO on NiCuZn Ferrite (2003)

Cu 금속 미분말은 확산속도가 CuO 보다 CuO 보다 빠르고 소결시 입자성장을 촉진시키기 때문에 기본조성 (N <TEX>$i_{0.204}$</TEX>C <TEX>$u_{0.204}$</TEX>Z <TEX>$n_{0.612}$</TEX> <TEX>$O_{1.02}$</TEX>)F <TEX>$e_{1.98}$</TEX> <TEX>$O_{2.98}$</TEX>에 들어가는 CuO대신 Cu/CuO의 비를 변화시켜 가면서 Cu가 ferrite에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Cu를 CuO 대신 치환함으로써 90<TEX>$0^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 완전한 Spinel구조를 가짐을 XRD pattern을 통하여 확인하였고, Cu/CuO 비가 60%일 때가 투자율 1100, Ms 87 emu/g의 최적조건을 얻었다. Cu는 소결시 확산속도를 증가시켜 입자성장에 영향을 주었으며, CuO대신 Cu의 치환은 저온에서 투자율이 개선됨을 확인하고 소결온도를 3<TEX>$0^{\circ}C$</TEX>이상 낮출 수 있었다. 소결이 끝난 후에는 CuO와 같은 거동을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. Diffusion speed of Cu metal fine particle is fast better than CuO, so it will promote grain growth in sintering. In this paper, the influence on substituting Cu fine particle for CuO of NiCuZn ferrite with basic composition (N <TEX>$i_{0.204}$</TEX>C <TEX>$u_{0.204}$</TEX>Z <TEX>$n_{0.612}$</TEX> <TEX>$O_{1.02}$</TEX>)F <TEX>$e_{1.98}$</TEX> <TEX>$O_{2.98}$</TEX> has been investigated with varying Cu/CuO ratio. The perfect spinel structure of sintered specimen at 90<TEX>$0^{\circ}C$</TEX> was confirmed by the analysis of XRD patterns. The best condition was obtained when the ratio of Cu/CuO was 60%, and the permeability was 1100 and Ms was 87 emu/g in this condition. Cu has influenced on grain growth in sintering, substituting Cu fine particle for CuO could lower sintering temperature over the 3<TEX>$0^{\circ}C$</TEX>. After sintering, substituting Cu performed as good as CuO.s CuO.s CuO.
Assessment of Pfs25 expressed from multiple soluble expression platforms for use as transmission-blocking vaccine candidates (2016)

In this study, the biochemical features of Pfs25, produced from different expression systems, are described along with their impact on the ability of the protein to elicit functional antibodies. Pfs25 expressed using baculovirus and Pichia showed promise as candidates for vaccine development.
Mobilization of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by Yeast-Derived<i>β</i>-Glucan Requires Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (2008)

Poly-(1,6)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,3)-beta-d-glucopyranose (PGG) beta-glucan is a soluble yeast-derived polysaccharide that has previously been shown to induce hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) mobilization. However, the mobilizing mechanism of action remains unknown. Here, we confirmed that PGG beta-glucan alone or in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes HPC into the periphery. Optimal mobilizing effects were seen 24-48 hours after PGG beta-glucan doses of 4.8-9.6 mg/kg. Animals treated with G-CSF and PGG beta-glucan showed a collaborative effect in HPC mobilization compared with G-CSF treatment alone. Additional studies demonstrated that neither complement 3 nor complement receptor 3 played a role in this effect and that PGG beta-glucan treatment did not induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion. However, bone marrow cells from PGG beta-glucan-treated mice secreted abundant matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and PGG beta-glucan-induced HPC mobilization was abrogated in MMP-9 knockout mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells contributed to MMP-9 secretion upon PGG beta-glucan treatment. In addition, HPCs mobilized by PGG beta-glucan had similar levels of engraftment in host and lineage differentiation capability compared with those mobilized by G-CSF. Thus, PGG beta-glucan is an agent that enhances HPC mobilization and may improve the outcome of clinical stem cell transplantation.
Synthesis and photopolymerization of 2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl piperidine‐1‐carboxylate and 2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl morpholone‐4‐carboxylate (2010)

Abstract Two low‐viscosity monomers, 2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl piperidine‐1‐carboxylate (AEPC II) and 2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl morpholone‐4‐carboxylate (AEMC), were synthesized with a non‐isocyanate route. The photopolymerization kinetics was monitored by real‐time infrared spectroscopy with a horizontal sample holder. The results indicated that AEPC II and AEMC had high ultraviolet curing rates and final double‐bond conversions, which could reach 90 and 95%, respectively. The glass‐transition temperatures of AEPC II/urethane acrylate resin (1/4 w/w), AEMC/urethane acrylate resin (1/4 w/w), and isobornyl acrylate/urethane acrylate resin (1/4 w/w) mixtures were 37.5, 45.6, and 57°C, respectively. The crosslink density of the AEMC/urethane acrylate resin (1/4 w/w) mixture was lower than that of the isobornyl acrylate/urethane acrylate resin (1/4 w/w) mixture. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Radiosensitive Functional Dye: Clinical Application for Estimation of Patient Skin Dose (2006)

Institutional review board approval and informed patient consent were obtained. The purpose of the study was to prospectively evaluate the use of radiosensitive indicators to estimate patient entrance skin dose (ESD). Forty-six patients wore a jacket with 48 or 52 indicators adhered to the back during percutaneous coronary interventions; they had eight additional indicators on their upper arms. The patients' ESDs were calculated according to the change in color of the indicators. There were good correlations between the ESDs estimated by using color measurements performed with an optical instrument and those estimated at visual observation (P < .001) and between the ESDs estimated by using a thermoluminescent dosimeter and those estimated by using color measurements (P < .001). The radiosensitive indicator method seems to be useful for estimating ESDs and their distribution during percutaneous coronary intervention; however, visual observation is reliable for estimating doses of up to 5 Gy only. (c) RSNA, 2006.
Asymmetric structure of a three-arm DNA junction (1990)

We present here experimental evidence that three-arm branched DNA molecules form an asymmetric structure in the presence of Mg2+. Electrophoretic mobility and chemical and enzymatic footprinting experiments on a three-arm branched DNA molecule formed from three 16-mer strands are described. The electrophoretic mobilities of three species of a three-arm junction in which pairs of arms are extended are found to differ in the presence of Mg2+: one combination of elongated arms migrates significantly faster than the other two. This effect is eliminated in the absence of Mg2+, leading us to suggest that the three-arm DNA junction forms an asymmetric structure due to preferential stacking of two of the arms at the junction in the presence of Mg2+. The pattern of self-protection of each 16-mer strand of the core complex exposed to Fe(II).EDTA and DNase I scission is unique, consistent with formation of an asymmetric structure in the presence of Mg2+. We conclude that three-arm junctions resemble four-arm junctions in showing preferential stacking effects at the branch site. Comparison of the scission patterns of linear duplexes and the branched trimer by the reactive probes methidiumpropyl-EDTA.Fe(II) [MPE.Fe(II)] and Cu(I)-[o-phenanthroline]2 [(OP)2CuI] further indicates that the branch point represents a site of enhanced binding for drugs, as it does in the four-arm case. Reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), a purine-specific probe sensitive to conformation, is enhanced at the branch site, consistent with loosening of base pairing or unpairing at this point.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A CYP21A2 based whole-cell system in Escherichia coli for the biotechnological production of premedrol (2015)

We successfully established a CYP21-based whole-cell system for the biotechnological production of premedrol, a pharmaceutically relevant glucocorticoid, in E. coli and could improve the system by optimizing the redox system concerning reaction velocity and endpoint yield. This is the first step for a sustainable replacement of a complicated chemical low-yield hydroxylation by a biocatalytic cytochrome P450-based whole-cell system.
Transverse Mode Spurious Resonance Suppression in Lamb Wave MEMS Resonators: Theory, Modeling, and Experiment (2015)

This paper presents a transverse mode suppression theory and its experimental verification through aluminum nitride Lamb wave resonators (LWRs) operating at 142 MHz. An effective 2-D approximation model of the LWR is proposed, based on which the origin of transverse modes in LWR is investigated. The displacement distribution, resonant frequencies, and electromechanical coupling coefficients (k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) of the main mode and its auxiliary transverse modes are obtained. A spurious mode suppression theory in terms of the expression of k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> in the 2-D model is proposed. Three kinds of electrodes are designed to suppress the transverse mode adjacent to the main mode, including a novel interdigital transducer gap technique that is reported for the first time. With the applicable geometries, these methods reduce the spurious response from 11.8 to <;0.5 dB, without significantly affecting the figure of merit of the resonator.
Tissue-specific sorting of the human LDL receptor in polarized epithelia of transgenic mice. (1990)

The distribution of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors was studied by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy in epithelial cells of transgenic mice that express high levels of receptors under control of the metallothionein-I promoter. In hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, the receptors were confined to the basal and basolateral surfaces, respectively. Very few LDL receptors were present in coated pits or intracellular vesicles. In striking contrast, in the epithelium of the renal tubule the receptors were present on the apical (lumenal) surface where they appeared to be concentrated at the base of microvilli and were abundant in vesicles of the endocytic recycling pathway. Intravenously administered LDL colloidal gold conjugates bound to the receptors on hepatocyte microvilli and were slowly internalized, apparently through slow migration into coated pits. We conclude that (a) sorting of LDL receptors to the surface of different epithelial cells varies with each tissue; and (b) in addition to a signal for clustering in coated pits, the LDL receptor may contain a signal for retention in noncoated membrane that is manifest in hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, but not in renal epithelial cells or cultured human fibroblasts.
Ring Winding Technology: Increased Process Efficiency and Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Ring Specimens (2011)

For automotive applications high pressure storage of compressed hydrogen (CH2) becomes more and more important especially regarding the future sustainable mobility based on renewable energy. The filament winding technology is highly industrialized today to meet the requirements for a high-quantity production of lightweight fiber reinforced pressure vessels used for hydrogen-powered cars using fuel cells or combustion engines. However, the main disadvantage of the conventional wet winding process is the low lay-down rate. A decrease of the cycle time to increase the production rate can be realized by the simultaneous feed of a large number of rovings circumferentially arranged around the mandrel. A team of engineers at the Institut fuer Verbundwerkstoffe (Institute for Composite Materials) now further developed the ring winding technology to manufacture pressure tanks with a diameter up to 500 mm (20 inch) with fully wrapped dome sections. This large ring winding head with 12 radial movable arms and multiple payout eyes allows an accordingly higher material output and reduces the cycle time significantly. The profitability analysis considering ring winding head configurations with different number of feed-eyes show the optimization potential regarding the reduction of the production costs of FRP pressure cylinders. A critical review regarding reachable process efficiency is also given in this paper. A modified “tube siphon impregnation unit” is the most important component of the ring winding head due to its compact and modular design. This clean impregnation of 48 carbon fiber rovings near the winder minimizes possible resin leakages. In comparison to a conventional resin bath the amount of hazardous waste, for example contaminated acetone, can be reduced. FRP laminates (fiber reinforced plastic) with a reduced number of crossing points and less ondulation of fiber bundles result higher load bearing capacity and increased mechanical properties. Regarding the degree of interweaving the multi feed-eye configuration of a ring winding head makes it more challenging to define an optimized winding pattern with the given winding angle. The split disk test method was used for comparative investigations regarding the influence of undulations on the material properties of filament wound laminates.
Microwave shielding of fluorine-doped tin oxide film obtained by spray pyrolysis studied by electrical characterization (2009)

In this work, we report dc conductivity and Hall effect results for glasses coated with commercial In2O3:Sn and SnO2:F. Van der Pauw Hall effect and resistivity measurements were used to carry out the sheet resistance of the samples and to determine their carrier density, mobility, and conductivity from 10 to 325 K. We calculated the transmission from the dc measurements and compared it with the microwave response of a typical microwave oven door used as a barrier on a cavity resonator, at 2.8 GHz. By controlling the oxygen doping through the H2O amount in the solution, we were able to increase the mobility of SnO2:F sample and as a consequence obtained an improved microwave shielding power. We estimated that, for the best case, a coating 13.2 μm thick should suffice for a shielding power similar to that of a microwave oven door.
Voltage-Follower Coupling Quadrature Oscillator with Embedded Phase-Interpolator in 16nm FinFET (2019)

High-speed serial links require a very high frequency clock source. Multi-rings oscillator is a practical solution to this challenge. A new phase-interpolator embedded quadrature oscillator was designed and tested. Voltage-follower based cross-coupling loops create reliable and tunable phase relationship among OSC rings. The measurement results show that the proposed PI-OSC provides 1.25/0.97 LSB INL/DNL performance at 24GHz while consuming only 8.1mW power. This compact oscillator is suitable for clock generation in high-speed low-power links.
Crystal Structure and Cobalt Location in the W-Type Hexagonal Ferrite [Ba]Co2W (1986)

The crystal structure of BaCo2FeI6027 W-type hexagonal ferrite is refined from room-temperature X-ray single crystal data. This compound is hexagonal: a = 0.59043(7) nm and c = 3.2910(7) nm, the space group is P63/mmc and the cell contains two formula units (Z = 2); the structure can be described by the sequence… RS̄SR*S̄*S*… where R and S are the structural blocks already met in the M-type hexagonal structure. By means of neutron diffraction single crystal data recorded at T = 550 °C (in the paramagnetic phase, Tc ≈︁ 500 °C) the location of the Co2+ cation among the seven sublattices is given: this cation lies essentially in the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the spinel S-blocks; moreover, the interatomic distances are consistent with a high spin state of this cation. La structure cristalline du ferrite hexagonal de type W, BaCo2Fe16027, a été précisée à partir de données de diffraction X sur monocristal. Ce composé est hexagonal: a = 0,59043(7) nm and c = = 3,2910(7) nm, de groupe d'espace P63/mmc et contient deux unités de formule par maille (Z = 2); la structure peut ětre décrite par la séquence… RS̄SR*S̄*S*… où R et S représentent les blocs structuraux déjà rencontrés dans la phase hexagonale de type M. Par diffraction neutronique sur monocristal, à 550 °C, dans la phase paramagnétique (Tc°500 °C), la localisation de cation Co2+est déterminée: ce cation se situe essentiellement sur le site octaédrique et tétraédrique des blocs spinels S; de plus, les distances interatomiques sont en accord avec un état haut spin de ce cation.
Noninvasive imaging for evaluation of the systemic delivery of capsid‐modified adenoviruses in an orthotopic model of advanced lung cancer (2006)

Targeting of adenovirus to heterologous receptors can improve killing of NSCLC cells. Utilization of clinical samples and an orthotopic model of advanced lung cancer may provide clinically relevant translational data.
Recommender Systems on Homomorphically Encrypted Databases for Enhanced User Privacy (2019)

Detailed customer statistics play an important role for merchants to distribute targeted advertising and derive sales statistics. For that, merchants are strongly interested in correlations between product groups to generate proper recommendation models. Systems that collect customer data are usually profile-based and pose a threat to customer privacy. For further improving their advertising cooperating merchants can share their customer profiles. We propose to employ homomorphic encryption to ensure all customer profile data remains protected without revealing the merchants operational secrets. Only a set of predefined operations can be performed on aggregated records of these encrypted data to calculate the desired correlations and still protect privacy. We perform an evaluation on the efficiency and feasibility of our prototypical implementation using simulated data. Our experiments show, that such a system can be implemented using commercial off-the-shelf hardware and software with negligible additional effort.
Deep-reasoning fault diagnosis: an aid and a model (1988)

The design and evaluation are presented for the knowledge-based assistance of a human operator who must diagnose a novel fault in a dynamic, physical system. A computer aid based on a qualitative model of the system was built to help the operators overcome some of their cognitive limitations. This aid differs from most expert systems in that it operates at several levels of interaction that are believed to be more suitable for deep reasoning. Four aiding approaches, each of which provided unique information to the operator, were evaluated. The aiding features were designed to help the human's casual reasoning about the system in predicting normal system behavior (N aiding), integrating observations into actual system behavior (O aiding), finding discrepancies between the two (O-N aiding), or finding discrepancies between observed behavior and hypothetical behavior (O-HN aiding). Human diagnostic performance was found to improve by almost a factor of two with O aiding and O-N aiding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
(R)-Desmolactone Is a Sex Pheromone or Sex Attractant for the Endangered Valley Elderberry Longhorn Beetle Desmocerus californicus dimorphus and Several Congeners (Cerambycidae: Lepturinae) (2014)

We report here that (4R,9Z)-hexadec-9-en-4-olide [(R)-desmolactone] is a sex attractant or sex pheromone for multiple species and subspecies in the cerambycid genus Desmocerus. This compound was previously identified as a female-produced sex attractant pheromone of Desmocerus californicus californicus. Headspace volatiles from female Desmocerus aureipennis aureipennis contained (R)-desmolactone, and the antennae of adult males of two species responded strongly to synthetic (R)-desmolactone in coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram analyses. In field bioassays in California, Oregon, and British Columbia, traps baited with synthetic (R)-desmolactone captured males of several Desmocerus species and subspecies. Only male beetles were captured, indicating that this compound acts as a sex-specific attractant, rather than as a signal for aggregation. In targeted field bioassays, males of the US federally threatened subspecies Desmocerus californicus dimorphus responded to the synthetic attractant in a dose dependent manner. Our results represent the first example of a "generic" sex pheromone used by multiple species in the subfamily Lepturinae, and demonstrate that pheromone-baited traps may be a sensitive and efficient method of monitoring the threatened species Desmocerus californicus dimorphus, commonly known as the valley elderberry longhorn beetle.
Pylearn2: a machine learning research library (2013)

Pylearn2 is a machine learning research library. This does not just mean that it is a collection of machine learning algorithms that share a common API; it means that it has been designed for flexibility and extensibility in order to facilitate research projects that involve new or unusual use cases. In this paper we give a brief history of the library, an overview of its basic philosophy, a summary of the library's architecture, and a description of how the Pylearn2 community functions socially.
Patient-triggered Ventilation of Newborns (2011)

The use of time-cycled, pressure-limited, intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) in newborns often leads to asynchrony between the ventilator and the infant's own spontaneous breathing. Asynchrony has been associated with several adverse physiological effects. Advances in microprocessor technology have enabled ventilators to achieve synchronization between mechanical breaths and the infant's spontaneous breathing, this is known as ”Patient-triggered ventilation (PTV)”. Evidence indicates that PTV is associated with several short-term benefits. Meta-analyses also have demonstrated that PTV facilitates weaning, and that the duration of ventilation is shorter than that of conventional IMV. Although evidence is lacking for long-term benefits such as reduction in mortality rate and incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage and chronic lung disease, PTV has become a standard approach in most neonatal units throughout the world. The clinician should have a better understanding of its modalities, controls, monitoring, benefits, and limitations in newborns. Further randomized trials are needed to assess the long-term benefits of PTV in the modern era.