gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac MR Imaging: State of the Technology (2006)

Recent developments in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the heart have refocused attention on the potential of MR and continue to attract intense interest within the radiology and cardiology communities. Improvements in speed, image quality, reliability, and range of applications have evolved to the point where cardiac MR imaging is increasingly seen as a practical clinical tool. As is often the case with MR imaging, not all of the most powerful techniques are necessarily easy to master or understand, and many-nonspecialists and specialists alike-are challenged to stay abreast. This review covers some of the major milestones that have led to the current state of cardiac MR and attempts to put into context some concepts that, although technical, have a real impact on the diagnostic power of cardiac MR imaging. Topics discussed include functional imaging, myocardial viability and perfusion imaging, flow quantification, and coronary artery imaging. A review such as this can only scratch the surface of what is a dynamic interdisciplinary field, but the hope is that sufficient information and insight are provided to stimulate the motivated reader to take his or her interest to the next level.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Coumarinyl Sydnone Derivatives (2010)

A novel series of compounds containing coumarinyl sydnone derivatives from 4‐methyl‐7‐hydroxy‐8‐nitro coumarin were synthesized. The formed compounds have been evaluated by physical methods (melting point, thin layer chromatography, elemental analysis) and by spectral data (IR, 1 H‐NMR & 13 C NMR). The antimicrobial evaluation of the compounds showed that some of them revealed promising antimicrobial activity.
A Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model of T Cell Engager Applied to Solid Tumor (2020)

Cancer immunotherapy has recently drawn remarkable attention as promising results in the clinic have shown its ability to improve the overall survival, and T cells are considered to be one of the primary effectors for cancer immunotherapy. Enhanced and restored T cell tumoricidal activity has shown great potential for killing cancer cells. Bispecific T cell engagers (TCEs) are a growing class of molecules that are designed to bind two different antigens on the surface of T cells and cancer cells to bring them in close proximity and selectively activate effector T cells to kill target cancer cells. New T cell engagers are being investigated for the treatment of solid tumors. The activity of newly developed T cell engagers showed a strong correlation with tumor target antigen expression. However, the correlation between tumor-associated antigen expression and overall response of cancer patients is poorly understood. In this study, we used a well-calibrated quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model extended to bispecific T cell engagers to explore their efficacy and identify potential biomarkers. In principle, patient-specific response can be predicted through this model according to each patient's individual characteristics. This extended QSP model has been calibrated with available experimental data and provides predictions of patients' response to TCE treatment.
A novel cluster of lectin-like receptor genes expressed in monocytic, dendritic and endothelial cells maps close to the NK receptor genes in the human NK gene complex (2001)

The NK gene complex is a region on human chromosome 12 containing several families of lectin-like genes including the CD94 and NKG2 NK receptor genes. We report here that the region telomeric of CD94 contains in addition to the LOX-1 gene the novel human DECTIN-1 and the CLEC-1 and CLEC-2 genes within about 100 kb. Sequence similarities and chromosomal arrangement suggest that these genes form a separate subfamily of lectin-like genes within the NK gene complex. DECTIN-1 is selectively expressed in dendritic cells and to a lower extent in monocytes and macrophages. mRNA forms with and without a stalk exon are observed. During functional maturation of dendritic cells the level of DECTIN-1 mRNA is down-regulated several-fold. CLEC-1 is found to be not only expressed in dendritic cells, but also in endothelial cells and in the latter aspect resembles the LOX-1 gene. Whereas recombinant full-length DECTIN-1 and LOX-1 are transported to the cell surface, CLEC-1 proteins accumulate in perinuclear compartments. We propose that this family of lectin-like genes encodes receptors with important immune and/or scavenger functions in monocytic, dendritic and endothelial cells.
[Source of plasminogen activator in rhesus monkey semen and its possible role in sperm capacitation]. (2001)

Previous studies have demonstrated that plasminogen activator (PA) activity is significantly high in semen of infertile men, which is also high in semen when azoospermia or oligozoospermia is induced by injection of testosterone enanthate (TE) into healthy adult men or rhesus monkeys. To further clarify the source and possible role of PA in semen, the present study was undertaken to examine: (1) whether the mRNAs for tissue type PA (tPA), urokinase type PA (uPA), and PA inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are expressed in epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland of rhesus monkeys; and (2) whether PA has some effect on in vitro sperm capacitation as judged by the potential of sperm motility, acrosome reaction (AR) and in vitro fertilization. Our results showed that (1) mRNAs for PA and PAI-1 were expressed in epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland, and (2) uPA, but not tPA, improved sperm mobility, induced AR and enhanced sperm capacity to fertilize mature eggs. Thus, it is concluded that PA activity in semen comes not only from testis and epididymis, but also from seminal vesicle and prostate gland; and that uPA, but not tPA, may play a role in sperm capacitation.
Asynchronous Byzantine consensus (1984)

Reaching agreement in an asynchronous environment is essential to guarantee consistency in distributed data processing. All previous asynchronous protocols were either probabilistic or they assumed a fail-stop mode of failure. The deterministic protocol presented in this paper reaches a Strong Byzantine Agreement in a system of asynchronous processors; and therefore can sustain arbitrary faults. In our model, processors can be completely asynchronous, though the communication network has the property that a message being sent by a correctly operating processor to a set of processors will reach its destinations within a predetermined period Δ. Additional results presented in the paper prove that in the above model one cannot reach a consensus within a bounded time. A correctly operating processor should wait to receive messages from other processors before making a decision. This result holds also for Weak Byzantine Agreement, but not for nontrivial consensus. We present a trivial protocol to reach a nontrivial consensus in bounded time.
A Study of the Effects of a Micelle Encapsulator Fire Suppression Agent on Dynamic Headspace Analysis of Fire Debris Samples (2002)

The effects of a Micelle Encapsulator Fire Suppression Agent (F-500, Hazard Control Technologies Inc., Fayetteville, Georgia) on the routine analysis of fire debris samples by Gas Chromatography (GC) were studied. When mixed with water the product can be used in the suppression of Class A and Class B fires. Laboratory tests were performed to determine whether or not the product has any effect on the analysis for ignitable liquids by GC, in particular for gasoline, medium petroleum distillates. and heavy petroleum distillates. Test burns were suppressed using either the micelle encapsulator or water and samples collected from these burns were analyzed. The results of analysis show that use of the micelle encapsulator at a fire scene may affect the chromatographic data obtained from samples collected by the investigator. However, the effect does not prevent the identification of common ignitable liquids in fire debris samples.
Identification of software instabilities (2004)

As software evolves, maintenance practices require aprocess of accommodating changing requirements whileminimizing the cost of implementing those changes. Overtime, incompatibilities between design assumptions andthe operational environment become more pronounced,requiring some regions of the implementation to requirerepeated modification. These regions are considered tobe unstable, and may benefit from targetedrestructuring efforts as a means of realigning theseassumptions and the environment.An analysis of these regions that identifies andclassifies these instabilities can be used to prioritize anddirect structural maintenance efforts. To this end, wepresent an identification approach that augments staticdependence graphs with data retrieved fromconfiguration management (CM) systems. This approachavoids the assumption that artifacts changing within thesame CM transaction are related, without requiringsophisticated change management data. We alsodescribe our work-to-date in validating the underlyingassumptions and identifying instabilities.
Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Low Back Pain: Prospective Case Series With 1 Year of Sustained Relief Following Short‐Term Implant (2019)

This study challenges the long-held notion that a positive trial of PNS should be followed by a permanent implant in responders. Percutaneous PNS may serve as an effective neurostimulation therapy for patients with chronic low back pain and should be considered earlier in the treatment continuum as a motor-sparing means of avoiding opioids, denervation, and permanently implanted neurostimulation systems.
Validation of a tonometric noninvasive arterial blood pressure monitor in the intensive care setting (2003)

Intra-arterial measurement is considered the gold standard for continuous, beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure monitoring. However, arterial cannulation can be difficult and may cause complications such as thrombosis and ischaemia. Recently, a tonometric system, the Colin CBM-7000 has been developed for noninvasive beat-to-beat measurement of arterial blood pressure from the radial artery. We assessed the level of agreement between the CBM-7000 and invasive radial artery measurements in 15 patients on a neuro-intensive care unit. Agreement of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure values was limited, with approximately 34% of mean arterial pressures differing by over 10 mmHg. In many cases, this was due to a downward drift of the noninvasive measurements over time. Furthermore, there was a tendency to underestimate low pressures and overestimate high pressures. In our opinion, the Colin CBM-7000 cannot be recommended for continuous blood pressure monitoring in the intensive care setting.
Power and Control Autonomy for High-Speed Locomotion With an Insect-Scale Legged Robot (2018)

We present a power and control autonomous, insect-scale legged robot the Harvard Ambulatory MicroRobot with RF communication (HAMR-F). At only 2.8 g and 4.5 cm in length, HAMR-F is capable of locomotion at speeds up to 17.2 cm/s (3.8 body lengths per second) with an onboard battery. Two microcontrollers and custom drive electronics independently control eight high-voltage piezoelectric actuators to enable gait flexibility and maneuverability across a range of stride frequencies. An onboard microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) inertial measurement unit provides feedback for controlled, straight-line running on this size- and weight-constrained mobile microrobot. The main contributions of this letter are: first, the design of lightweight power electronics for independently driving multiple high-voltage (200 V) piezoelectric actuators, second, a detailed characterization of HAMR-F's speed, maneuverability, and cost of transport, and finally, the integration of an onboard feedback controller for straight-line, high-speed running.
Security Models in the Password-Capability System (2005)

Computer systems today are subject to the increasing problems associated with hackers, viruses, spyware and other undesirable activity. These problems often threaten the confidentiality, integrity or availability of user data held on the systems. Conventional systems such as Windows, Unix and Linux have not proven adequate at protecting the data, in part due to their lack of support for strong security models. In this paper we discuss an operating system called the password-capability system. The system offers a number of powerful security mechanisms. We show that these mechanisms allow the system, unmodified, to support the well-known Bell-LaPadula security model. Furthermore, we suggest minor modifications to the system to enable it to support a broad class of static and dynamic models, including Chinese Wall and Clark-Wilson.
Quantitative Soil Wind Erosion Potential Mapping for Central Asia Using the Google Earth Engine Platform (2020)

A lack of long-term soil wind erosion data impedes sustainable land management in developing regions, especially in Central Asia (CA). Compared with large-scale field measurements, wind erosion modeling based on geospatial data is an efficient and effective method for quantitative soil wind erosion mapping. However, conventional local-based wind erosion modeling is time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially when processing large amounts of geospatial data. To address this issue, we developed a Google Earth Engine-based Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) model, named GEE-RWEQ, to delineate the Soil Wind Erosion Potential (SWEP). Based on the GEE-RWEQ model, terabytes of Remote Sensing (RS) data, climate assimilation data, and some other geospatial data were applied to produce monthly SWEP with a high spatial resolution (500 m) across CA between 2000 and 2019. The results show that the mean SWEP is in good agreement with the ground observation-based dust storm index (DSI), satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), and Absorbing Aerosol Index (AAI), confirming that GEE-RWEQ is a robust wind erosion prediction model. Wind speed factors primarily determined the wind erosion in CA (r = 0.7, p < 0.001), and the SWEP has significantly increased since 2011 because of the reversal of global terrestrial stilling in recent years. The Aral Sea Dry Lakebed (ASDLB), formed by shrinkage of the Aral Sea, is the most severe wind erosion area in CA (47.29 kg/m2/y). Temporally, the wind erosion dominated by wind speed has the largest spatial extent of wind erosion in Spring (MAM). Meanwhile, affected by the spatial difference of the snowmelt period in CA, the wind erosion hazard center moved from the southwest (Karakum Desert) to the middle of CA (Kyzylkum Desert and Muyunkum Desert) during spring. According to the impacts of land cover change on the spatial dynamic of wind erosion, the SWEP of bareland was the highest, while that of forestland was the lowest.
GPAC, toolbox for interactive multimedia packaging, delivery and playback (2012)

GPAC was born 10 years ago from the need of a lighter and more robust implementation of the MPEG-4 Systems standard [1], compared to the official reference software. It has since then evolved into a much wider project, covering many tools required when exploring new research topics in multimedia, while keeping a strong focus on international standard coming from organization such as W3C, ISO, ETSI or IETF. The goal of the project is to provide the tools needed to setup test beds and experiments for interactive multimedia applications, in any of the various environments used to deliver content in modern systems: broadcast, multicast, unicast unreliable streaming, HTTP-based streaming and file-based delivery. The project is used in many contexts, from commercial video services production chains to academic research projects, teaching and lab sessions; it allows fast designing of multimedia prototypes, from content production (creation and delivery) to interactive playback (such as augmented reality, video streaming, 2D or 3D scalable drawing) - more details are available in our paper [6].
Admittance Measurements on a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells (2005)

Hydrogenerated amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-Si) solar cells with areas of are produced by deposition of a-Si:H and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) on wafers. Three types of samples have been prepared for admittance measurements, differing in the way how the effective area is defined. The measurement geometry is either defined by cutting, by etching the ITO layer outside the active area, or by etching the ITO and the a-Si:H outside the active area. Admittance measurements reveal that the lateral conductivity of the ITO is high enough up to a frequency of to ensure a lateral equipotential surface. A simple equivalent network consisting of a parallel resistor-capacitor branch in series to a second resistor controls the cut sample. For the sample with just ITO layer etching, the effects of a lateral channel due to the a-Si:H layer have to be included. The finite dimensions of the sample modify the low-pass character of the channel. The sample with ITO and a-Si:H layer etching delivers the best measurement conditions. In all three cases the dispersion allows the surface doping level of the substrate to be extracted from the CV characteristics measured at .
Vitamins A, C and E and the risk of breast cancer: results from a case-control study in Greece (1998)

Although several dietary compounds are hypothesized to have anticarcinogenic properties, the role of specific micronutrients in the development of breast cancer remains unclear. To address this issue, we assessed intake of retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E in relation to breast cancer risk in a case-control study in Greece. Eight hundred and twenty women with histologically confirmed breast cancer were compared with 1548 control women. Dietary data were collected through a 115-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Data were modelled by logistic regression, with adjustment for total energy intake and established breast cancer risk factors, as well as mutual adjustment among the micronutrients. Among post-menopausal women, there was no association between any of the micronutrients evaluated and risk of breast cancer. Among premenopausal women, beta-carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E were each inversely associated with breast cancer risk, but after mutual adjustment among the three nutrients only beta-carotene remained significant; the odds ratio (OR) for a one-quintile increase in beta-carotene intake was 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.73-0.97). The inverse association observed with beta-carotene intake, however, is slightly weaker than the association previously observed with vegetable intake in these data, raising the possibility that the observed beta-carotene effect is accounted for by another component of vegetables.
Shiftwork as a Risk Factor for Depression: A Pilot Study. (1997)

This study explored the link between exposure to shiftwork and the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) during and after the shiftwork experience. A geographically based random telephoning strategy was used to identify 98 current and former shift workers (31 women, 67 men, 40-65 years old, mean age 55.2 years). Each subject was then given, by telephone, two standardized psychiatric assessment instruments: the SCID to determine lifetime incidence of MDD; and the CES-D to evaluate current depressive symptoms. A modified version of the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) was also administered. In addition to confirming previous findings regarding the detrimental effects of shiftwork on sleep and social/domestic factors, there was an unexpectedly high prevalence of MDD identified, occurring during or after shiftwork, with a higher rate for women than for men. The study also provided suggestive evidence that increasing exposure to shiftwork (up to 20 years) was associated with an increased lifetime risk of MDD.
Correction: Mimicking p14ARF Phosphorylation Influences Its Ability to Restrain Cell Proliferation (2013)

The INK4a/ARF locus on the short arm of chromosome 9 is one of the most frequently altered loci in human cancer. It is generally accepted that ARF is involved in oncogenic checkpoint pathways by sensitizing incipient cancer cells to undergo growth arrest or apoptosis through both p53-dependent and independent pathways. While intensive studies have been focused on ARF activation at the transcriptional level, only recently mechanisms governing ARF turnover have been identified. Here, we show for the first time that p14ARF is a PKC target. Prediction analysis showed many potential phosphorylation sites in PKC consensus sequences within ARF protein, and, among them, the threonine at position 8 was the most conserved. Substitution of this threonine influences both ARF stability and localization. Furthermore, a phosphomimetic ARF mutation reduces the ability to arrest cell growth although the ability to bind MDM2 and stabilize p53 result unaffected. Thus we propose that phosphorylation of ARF in both immortalized and tumor cell lines could be a mechanism to escape ARF surveillance following proliferative and oncogenic stress.
Dentine hypersensitivity ‐ A review (1983)

A large number of compounds have been employed in the management of dentine hypersensitivity. The symptomatic nature of the condition and its variability poses many problems to any evaluation of effect. Several semi-quantitative methods of response have been used; however, at this time it is uncertain what advantages they hold over the patients' subjective assessment of improvement. A review of the clinical studies reveals that a positive result for every agent tested to date may be found. Nevertheless considerable placebo responses have been obtained and equivocal results are occasionally reported. The fluorides and metal salts, particularly of strontium, have been most studied when used either in solution or delivered in toothpaste formulations. For these compounds the literature contains considerable information concerning the reaction with dental hard tissues which can be extrapolated into hypotheses for the modes of action in relieving dentine hypersensitivity. Moreover, some in vitro studies provide useful information concerning the effects of certain compounds on dentine, and are consistent with the clinical data. Unfortunately, contradictory findings and anomalies between clinical and in vitro effects still prevent the development of a sound clinical basis for the treatment of the condition. Moreover, there is a need to recognise those factors which predispose to dentine exposure, if the prevention of the occurrence or re-occurrence of hypersensitivity is to be achieved.
Beyond the Visible: A Survey on Cross-spectral Face Recognition (2022)

Cross-spectral face recognition (CFR) refers to recognizing individuals using face images stemming from different spectral bands, such as infrared versus visible. While CFR is inherently more challenging than classical face recognition due to significant variation in facial appearance caused by the modality gap, it is useful in many scenarios including night-vision biometrics and detecting presentation attacks. Recent advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) have resulted in significant improvement in the performance of CFR systems. Given these developments, the contributions of this survey are three-fold. First, we provide an overview of CFR, by formalizing the CFR problem and presenting related applications. Secondly, we discuss the appropriate spectral bands for face recognition and discuss recent CFR methods, placing emphasis on deep neural networks. In particular we describe techniques that have been proposed to extract and compare heterogeneous features emerging from different spectral bands. We also discuss the datasets that have been used for evaluating CFR methods. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future lines of research on this topic.