gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Bronchoalveolar Cell Populations in the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1994)

To characterize the evolution of inflammation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and test the hypothesis that sustained alveolar inflammation is associated with a poor outcome in patients with ARDS, we performed fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 125 patients and compared BAL cells and protein concentrations in survivors and nonsurvivors. ARDS followed sepsis syndrome in 35 patients, major trauma in 41, and other causes in 49. When possible, BAL was performed on Days 3, 7, and 14 after the onset of ARDS. Sixty-five patients (52%) had more than one BAL. We first performed analyses on each BAL day using information from all 212 BAL in the 125 patients (cross-sectional analysis). All patients had increased leukocytes and total protein in the first BAL (Day 3 after onset of ARDS). In patients with ARDS following sepsis, the percentage of BAL polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was higher on Day 7 (p = 0.11) and particularly Day 14 (p = 0.02) in patients who died; there was a consistent trend of a higher PMN concentration on all days in patients who died then in those who lived. In patients with ARDS following trauma and other risks, however, BAL PMN measures did not distinguish survivors from patients who died. Analysis of serial data from the patients with more than one BAL showed that alveolar macrophages (AM) increased in survivors of ARDS, both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of total cells; this pattern was most pronounced in the sepsis patients. The cross-sectional data analysis suggests that sustained alveolar inflammation occurs frequently in patients with ARDS following sepsis and is associated with a high mortality.
Locating Mobility Servers (2007)

This document defines application service tags that allow service
location without relying on rigid domain naming conventions, and DNS
procedures for discovering servers which provide Mobility Services.
Mobility Services are used to assist an MN in handover preparation
(network discovery) and handover decision (network selection). The
services addressed by this document are the Media Independent Handover
Services defined in [1]. Conventions used in this document Locating
Mobility Services Servers August 2008
High Conductive Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for Lithium Storage with Large Capacity (2016)

A high conductive 2D COF polyporphyrin (TThPP) linked by 4-thiophenephenyl groups was synthesized through an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization on the surface of copper foil. The TThPP films were used as the anode of lithium-ion battery, which exhibited high specific capacities, excellent rate performances, and long cycle lives due to the alignment of 2D polyporphyrin nanosheets, and they (i) can highly efficiently adsorb Li atoms, (ii) have short-ended paths for the fast lithium ion diffusion, and (iii) open nanopores holding electrolyte. The reversible capacity is up to 666 mAh/g. This is the first example of an organic 2D COF for an anode of lithium-ion battery and represents an important step toward the use of COFs in the next-generation high-performance lithium-ion battery.
A single-channel 5bit 333MS/s asynchronous digital slope ADC based on CMOS technology (2017)

This project design and present a 5-bit 333MS/s digital slope ADC (analog-to-digital converter. It is implemented and simulated with Cadence tool in SMIC 55nm CMOS technology. The power supply is 1.2 V and the improved delay cells are used which can shorten the delay time to 50ps. In addition, a self-disabled comparator is used to save power. When the peak-to-peak value of input is 0.4V, the SNDR(Signal to Noise and Distortion Ratio) is 28.19 dB, ENOB(Effective Number of Bits)is 4.39 bit, SFDR(Spurious Free Dynamic Range) is 35.87 dB, SNR(Signal-to-Noise Ratio)is 31.47dB.
Visualizing the keyboard in virtual reality for enhancing immersive experience (2017)

Recently, virtual reality (VR) becomes more and more popular and provides users an immersive experience with a head-mounted display (HMD). However, in some applications, users have to interact with physical objects while immersed in VR. With a non-see-through HMD, it is difficult to perceive visual information from the real world. Users must recall the spatial layout of the real surroundings and grope around to find the physical objects. After locating the objects, it is still inconvenient to use them without any visual feedback, which would detract the immersive experience.
Successful ABO-incompatible kidney transplantations without splenectomy using antigen-specific immunoadsorption and rituximab (2003)

We conclude that after one infusion each of rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulin and antigen-specific immunoadsorption, blood-group-incompatible renal transplantations can be performed with standard immunosuppression and without splenectomy.
Cryopreservation studies with porcine corneas (1999)

Porcine corneas were substantially more susceptible to the toxic effects of dimethyl sulfoxide, and to cryopreservation injury, than rabbit corneas. These results underline the importance of species variation in animal studies aimed at the cryopreservation of human tissue for transplantation.
Water‐soluble poly(ethylene glycol) prodrug of pemetrexed: Synthesis, characterization, and preliminary cytotoxicity (2008)

Abstract Pemetrexed is a novel antifolate of antimetabolite with multiple enzyme targets involved in both pyrimidine and purine synthesis. It has entered the clinical usage due to favorable profiles especially in the cancer treatment of mesothelioma and non–small‐cell lung carcinoma. But it presents numerous challenges associated with poor water solubility and unstability in its original form of glutamic acid. The aim of this study is to solubilize pemetrexed by designing and synthesizing its aqueous‐soluble prodrug using high aqueous‐soluble polymeric carrier poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). A new type of soluble pemetrexed prodrug was synthesized with dihydroxyl PEG and a single amino acid linkage, and was extensively characterized using 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, Fourier‐transform infrared, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption time of flight mass spectrometry. In addition, the prodrugs were evaluated for the drug loading capability, the aqueous solubility, and the preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity. The results indicate that the new PEGylated pemetrexed conjugates possess enhanced water solubility and stability, and provide another feasible choice of the pharmaceutical form of pemetrexed in the clinical application. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
In-loop coring: robust MPEG coding for noisy images (2005)

Predictive coding systems work best when the current image is easily predicted from other images. But when the source image contains noise, accurate prediction becomes difficult and as a result either the bit rate rises, picture quality drops, or both. Existing techniques for improving the quality of noisy source material coded with MPEG coders usually involve reducing the noise of the source material before presenting the video to the image coding system. Many techniques exist for reducing noise, and any or several of these may be brought to bear on the problem.
Dynamic Tooth Loads in Epicyclic Gears (1974)

Research Papers Dynamic Tooth Loads in Epicyclic Gears F. Cunliffe, F. Cunliffe Vikers Ltd., Compact Orbital Gear Works, Rhayader, Radnors, Wales Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. D. Smith, J. D. Smith Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar D. B. Welbourn D. B. Welbourn University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information F. Cunliffe Vikers Ltd., Compact Orbital Gear Works, Rhayader, Radnors, Wales J. D. Smith Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England D. B. Welbourn University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England J. Eng. Ind. May 1974, 96(2): 578-584 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3438367 Published Online: May 1, 1974 Article history Received: June 6, 1973 Online: July 15, 2010
Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties (2006)

A strong foundation in reservoir rock and fluid properties is the backbone of almost all the activities in the petroleum industry. Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties offers a reliable representation of fundamental concepts and practical aspects that encompass this vast subject area. The book provides up-to-date coverage of vari
Preventive action of curcumin in experimental acute pancreatitis in mouse (2011)

Our results suggest that curcumin could attenuate pancreas tissue and other organ injury by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. These effects may involve upregulation of PPARγ and subsequent downregulation of NF-κB.
Topical glucocorticosteroids. (1983)

A review of topical glucocorticosteroids is presented. Included is a discussion of the pharmacology of modern hydrocortisone derivatives and their vehicles, mechanisms of action with respect to skin and host inflammatory response and potential side effects of treatment. Guidelines for therapy and selection of appropriate therapeutic agents are also given.
The information complexity of learning tasks, their structure and their distance (2020)

Abstract We introduce an asymmetric distance in the space of learning tasks and a framework to compute their complexity. These concepts are foundational for the practice of transfer learning, whereby a parametric model is pre-trained for a task, and then fine tuned for another. The framework we develop is non-asymptotic, captures the finite nature of the training dataset and allows distinguishing learning from memorization. It encompasses, as special cases, classical notions from Kolmogorov complexity and Shannon and Fisher information. However, unlike some of those frameworks, it can be applied to large-scale models and real-world datasets. Our framework is the first to measure complexity in a way that accounts for the effect of the optimization scheme, which is critical in deep learning.
Preferred gimbal angles for single gimbal control moment gyros (1990)

This paper deals with torque command generation using single gimbal control moment gyros. The angular momentum and torque envelopes are assumed to be known a priori. A method based on back integration of the gyro torque equation from desired final conditions is used to determine a family of initial gimbal angles that avoid singularities. Each member of this family is defined as a preferred initial gimbal angle set. The pseudoin- verse steering law is used during the numerical integrations. This procedure is demonstrated by means of numerical examples that include attitude control and momentum management of the Space Station Freedom. A feedback control scheme based on null motion is also developed to position the gimbals at preferred angles. ONTROL moment gyros (CMGs) are attractive space- craft attitude-control devices. They require no expendable propellant, which is a limited resource and can contaminate the spacecraft environment. Their fixed rotor speeds minimize structural dynamic excitations. They can be used for rapid slewing maneuvers and precision pointing. For low Earth or- biting spacecraft, momentum dumping can be easily achieved by gravity-gradient torques. From the steering-law viewpoint, it is widely accepted that double-gimbal CMGs (DCMGs) are preferable to single-gimbal CMGs (SCMGs). For DCMGs, steering laws proposed by Kennel 1'2 have been well accepted. The SCMGs have the advantages of possessing relative me- chanical simplicity and producing amplified torques (for low spacecraft angular velocities) on the spacecraft. However, de- velopment of gimbal steering laws for their use is made diffi- cult by the existence of internal singular states. For any system of n CMGs and any direction in space, there exist 2 sets of gimbal angles3 for which no torque can be produced in that direction, and these sets are called internal singularities. Exter- nal singular states correspond to directional angular momen- tum saturation. DCMGs have internal singularities also, but they are easier to avoid. Margulies and Aubrun3 present a geometric theory of SCMG systems. They characterize the momentum envelope of a cluster of SCMGs and identify the internal singular states. Yoshikawa4 presents a steering law for a roof-type configura- tion with four SCMGs. His steering law is based on making all of the internal singular states unstable by providing two jumps with hystereses around the singularities. Cornick5 develops singularity avoidance control laws for the pyramid configura- tion. His technique is based on the ability to calculate the instantaneous locations of all singularities. Hefner and McKenzie6 develop a technique for maximizing the minimum torque capability of a cluster of SCMGs in the pyramid con- figuration. Bauer7 concludes that it is impossible to avoid some singularities and, in general, no global singularity-avoid- ance steering law can exist. Consequently, there will be in- stances when torque demand cannot be met exactly.
Inhibition of functional properties of tetanus antigen-specific T-cell clones by envelope glycoprotein GP120 of human immunodeficiency virus (1990)

We investigated mechanisms by which the soluble native envelope glycoprotein gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) suppresses antigen-driven T cell responses. For this study, exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2)-independent, antigen-specific, CD4 positive, human T-cell clones were developed by cyclic restimulation with soluble tetanus toxoid antigen. In the presence of soluble antigen and antigen- presenting cells (APC), T-cell clones proliferated and secreted IL-2. Purified gp120 suppressed the proliferative responses of the T-cell clones with concomitant suppression of IL-2 secretion; proliferative responses of CD8+ T cells preincubated with gp120 were not inhibited. A short pulse of 20 minutes with gp120 was sufficient to inhibit the proliferative response of the T-cell clones. Anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-driven proliferation of the T-cell clones was also suppressed by gp120, but responses elicited by mitogens, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore, ionomycin, anti-CD2 MoAbs, and a combination of anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 MoAb driven responses remained unaffected. Investigation of signal transduction events showed that antigen-driven early activation signals via translocation of protein kinase C (PKC), increase in intracellular inositol phosphates, and increase in intracellular calcium were suppressed in gp120 pretreated, tetanus toxoid antigen-stimulated T- cell clones. One mechanism of immune suppression by gp120 may involve interference with the initiation of signal transduction through the T- cell receptor complex.
A model-based approach to anomaly detection in software architectures (2016)

In an organization, the interactions users have with software leave patterns or traces of the parts of the systems accessed. These interactions can be associated with the underlying software architecture. The first step in detecting problems like insider threat is to detect those traces that are anomalous. Here, we propose a method to find anomalous users leveraging these interaction traces, categorized by user roles. We propose a model based approach to cluster user sequences and find outliers. We show that the approach works on a simulation of a large scale system based on and Amazon Web application style.
Cover Picture: Inner Core Structure Responds to Communication between Nanocapsule Walls (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 39/2004) (2004)

Nanoscale molecular capsules are assembled by means of noncovalent interactions and enclose over 1300 Å 3 of molecular space. The supramolecular interactions between two independent nanocapsules lead to changes in the dynamic structure of the capsule walls. This dramatically alters the packing and fluidity of the guest matrix within the host. In their Communication on page 5263 ff., J. L. Atwood and co‐workers provide valuable insight into the interactions and fluidity of the so‐called “new phase of matter”.
Schedulability Analysis for Memory Bandwidth Regulated Multicore Real-Time Systems (2015)

Multicore architecture brings a significant challenge in designing critical real-time systems because of timing variability caused by concurrent accesses to shared memory. We propose a memory bandwidth regulated system architecture and a novel analysis method to address this challenge. In the proposed architecture, each core's memory access rate is regulated in a globally coordinated manner. The architecture allows system designers to control the system to satisfy desired real-time performance. The proposed analysis method provides a way to calculate worst case response time of each real-time task independently from other activities on other cores; it only depends on the task under analysis, the assigned bandwidth, and the number of cores in the system. We believe this independence is critical to enable modular certification of critical real-time systems. We implement the proposed system model on the gem5 architecture simulator. We evaluate the proposed analysis method by comparing the computed runtime with the measured runtime on the modified simulator. We show that the analysis method provides reasonable upper-bounds based on the SPEC2006 benchmark suite.
Electrochemical characterization of nano V, Ti doped MnO<sub>2</sub> in primary lithium manganese dioxide batteries with high rate (2015)

The nano-sized [Formula: see text]-MnO 2 precursor is synthesized using a room temperature, liquid-phase reaction route with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The MnO 2 precursor as an electrode material in lithium manganese dioxide primary batteries displays a low capacity of 140[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] (45.5% for the theoretical capacity of MnO[Formula: see text] at 20[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text]. Therefore, the doped MnO 2 with cationic V or/and Ti are prepared at high temperature. After the heat treatment, the [Formula: see text] phase precursor powder gradually converts into the [Formula: see text]-MnO 2 and exhibits a higher specific surface area with a larger pore volume and pore size, providing significantly more electrochemically active sites for the redox reaction. The doped MnO 2 matrix has advantage of the ideal lattice parameters and the higher conductivity, resulting in an enhancement of the Li[Formula: see text] diffusion kinetics in the tunnel structure. Especially for co-doped MnO 2 with V and Ti, the modified material shows an outstanding electrochemical capacity of 190[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] (61.7% for the theoretical capacity) at 20[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] and 169[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] for a higher power output of 100[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text].
Functional heterogeneity of type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli (1992)

Escherichia coli and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae express surface fibrillar structures, fimbriae, that promote bacterial adhesion to host receptors. Type 1 fimbriae possess a lectinlike component, FimH, that is commonly thought to cause binding to mannose-containing oligosaccharides of host receptors. Since adhesion of type 1 fimbriated organisms are inhibited by mannose, the reactions are described as mannose sensitive (MS). We have studied the adhesion of the type 1 fimbriated CSH-50 strain of E. coli (which expresses only type 1 fimbriae) to fibronectin (FN). E. coli CSH-50 does not bind detectable amounts of soluble FN but adheres well to immobilized plasma or cellular FN. This adhesion was inhibited by mannose-containing saccharides. By using purified domains of FN, it was found that E. coli CSH-50 adheres primarily to the amino-terminal and gelatin-binding domains, only one of which is glycosylated, in an MS fashion. Binding of the mannose-specific lectin concanavalin A to FN and ovalbumin was eliminated or reduced, respectively, by incubation with periodate or endoglycosidase. Adhesion of E. coli CSH-50 to ovalbumin was reduced by these treatments, but adhesion to FN was unaffected. E. coli CSH-50 also adheres to a synthetic peptide copying a portion of the amino-terminal FN domain (FNsp1) in an MS fashion. Purified CSH-50 fimbriae bound to immobilized FN and FNsp1 in an MS fashion and inhibited adhesion of intact organisms. However, fimbriae purified from HB101 (pPKL4), a recombinant strain harboring the entire type 1 fim gene locus and expressing functional type 1 fimbriae, neither bound to FN or FNsp1 nor inhibited E. coli adhesion to immobilized FN or FNsp1. These novel findings suggest that there are two forms of type 1 MS fimbriae. One form exhibits only the well-known MS lectinlike activity that requires a substratum of mannose-containing glycoproteins. The other form exhibits not only the MS lectinlike activity but also binds to nonglycosylated regions of proteins in an MS manner.
A Phase-Locked Loop With Injection-Locked Frequency Multiplier in 0.18-$\mu{\hbox{m}}$ CMOS for $V$-Band Applications (2009)

In this paper, a novel CMOS phase-locked loop (PLL) integrated with an injection-locked frequency multiplier (ILFM) that generates the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> -band output signal is proposed. Since the proposed ILFM can generate the fifth-order harmonic frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) output, the operational frequency of the VCO can be reduced to only one-fifth of the desired frequency. With the loop gain smaller than unity in the ILFM, the output frequency range of the proposed PLL is from 53.04 to 58.0 GHz. The PLL is designed and fabricated in 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The measured phase noises at 1- and 10-MHz offset from the carrier are -85.2 and -90.9 dBc/Hz, respectively. The reference spur level of -40.16 dBc is measured. The dc power dissipation of the fabricated PLL is 35.7 mW under a 1.8-V supply. It can be seen that the advantages of lower power dissipation and similar phase noise can be achieved in the proposed PLL structure. It is suitable for low-power and high-performance <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> -band applications.