gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Ellagic Acid on Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 in Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2006)

Ellagic acid (EA), a dietary phenolic compound found in berries and nuts, elicits important cellular activities such as apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a variety of cancer cells.Little is known of EA effects on androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells.The purpose of the present study was to determine the in vitro effects of EA on proliferation of human prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells.Additionally, the effect of EA exposure (0.1-10 uM) on concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), a growth factor implicated in prostate cancer, was determined.Cell proliferation was assessed after 1-3 days of exposure to EA (0.03-100 uM), media alone (control), or 0.016% DMSO (vehicle) by counting cells or estimating mitochondrial activity using a cell viability assay (MTS, Promega, Madison, WI).IGFBP-2 secreted into culture media was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN).EA significantly inhibited cell proliferation of LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner.Cell count and MTS data both demonstrated a significant decrease in cell growth for concentrations of EA greater than 0.1 uM compared to vehicle (p<0.05).Cell counts were 89%, 72%, 68%, 38%, and 29% of control for 0.1, 1, 2, 10, and 100 uM EA exposure, respectively.Little change in cell viability occurred within the first 24 h for cells exposed to 0.03 to 50 uM EA; however, marked reduction in cell viability after 24 h at 100 uM EA was observed.IGFBP-2 concentrations were significantly less for cells exposed to 10 uM EA compared to vehicle (8.7, 5.1 ng/mL/500,000 cells, respectively, p<0.05).IGFBP-2 concentrations were lower for 2 uM and 1 uM EA cells as well (7.3, 8.9 ng/mL/500,000 cells), but not statistically different than controls.iii The present study demonstrated dose-dependent effects of EA in decreasing cell proliferation and suppressing secretion of IGFBP-2 in prostate cancer cells.Doses of EA used in the current study were lower than previous reports using other cancer cell lines, and approximate to EA concentrations reported in human serum.The potential benefits of modifying cancer cell proliferation and growth factors, such as IGFBP-2 via dietary bioactive compounds such as EA are promising and warrant further investigation.
Learning by creating and exchanging objects: The SCY experience (2010)

Abstract Science Created by You (SCY) is a project on learning in science and technology domains. SCY uses a pedagogical approach that centres around products, called ‘emerging learning objects’ (ELOs) that are created by students. Students work individually and collaboratively in SCY‐Lab (the general SCY learning environment) on ‘missions’ that are guided by socio‐scientific questions (for example ‘How can we design a CO 2 ‐friendly house?’). Fulfilling SCY missions requires a combination of knowledge from different content areas (eg, physics, mathematics, biology, as well as social sciences). While on a SCY mission, students perform several types of learning activities that can be characterised as productive processes (experiment, game, share, explain, design, etc), they encounter multiple resources, collaborate with varying coalitions of peers and use changing constellations of tools and scaffolds. The configuration of SCY‐Lab is adaptive to the actual learning situation and may provide advice to students on appropriate learning activities, resources, tools and scaffolds, or peer students who can support the learning process. The SCY project aims at students between 12 and 18 years old. In the course of the project, a total of four SCY missions will be developed, of which one is currently available.
Gaining independence (2011)

Dr Stephanie Thornton gives advice on what is normal and what isn't as children develop independence, and explains what you can do to help.
Release and elimination of soluble vasoactive factors during percutaneous coronary intervention of saphenous vein grafts: analysis using the PercuSurge GuardWire distal protection device. (2005)

SVG PCI results in an immediate increase in vasoactive factors, including vasoconstrictive, thrombotic and inflammatory factors. The PercuSurge GuardWire effectively removes these soluble factors, which may account for reduction of no-reflow and other complications during SVG interventions.
MODELING THE TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON THE FLOW BEHAVIOR OF SWEET POTATO PUREE<sup>1</sup> (1999)

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on viscosity of sweet potato (SP) puree. Rheological data of the puree were measured using a Bohlin VOR Rheometer. Shear rates employed ranged from 0.01–921 s −1 . Thermal scans were run at 15, 25, 40, 60, 75, and 90C. The puree exhibited “shear thinning” behavior with a yield stress value of 10 Pa at each temperature tested. The characteristic of the flow behavior of the puree was determined by fitting the experimental data to Herschel‐Bulkley, Casson and Modified Casson models. The model with the best fit was then used to represent the combined effect of shear rate and temperature on the apparent viscosity of SP puree in a model based upon the Modified Casson model. The model was validated using data for SP puree samples at 50C. Results showed that, within the experimental conditions used in this study, the model could adequately predict apparent viscosities of sweet potato puree processed at different temperatures.
Ultra-shallow junction formation by non-melt laser spike annealing for 50-nm gate CMOS (2004)

We activated source/drain junctions of CMOS by simply replacing RTA in the conventional production flow by non-melt laser spike annealing (LSA). We did not form any additional layers unlike the conventional laser annealing. The 50-nm gate CMOS devices thus formed had overwhelmingly better Vth roll-offs and larger drain currents compared to those by RTA. We found that the LSA-devices without offset spacers had better performance than those with offset spacers, and that the optimization of the overlap length between the gate and source/drain extensions was important due to the minimal lateral diffusion during the sub-millisecond annealing of LSA.
Removal of textile basic dye from aqueous solutions using sawdust as bio‐adsorbent (2005)

The ability of low cost bio‐adsorbent sawdust to remove basic dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solution is investigated using it in two different forms: in raw form and in chemically treated (with sulphuric acid) form. The effect of contact time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose and the kinetics of adsorption were studied in batch experiments. At neutral pH and 4 gm/l of chemically activated and raw sawdust adsorbents, removal of 98.12% and 97.18% of methylene blue dye (at 100 mg/l concentration) from the aqueous solution, was the best result obtained during study. An average percentage removal difference of less than 5%, between two adsorbents was achieved under different conditions in the experiments. The data fit well in Freundlich isotherm.
Incorporating Reservoir Heterogeneity With Geostatistics To Investigate Waterflood Recoveries (1993)

Summary This paper presents an investigation of infill drilling performance and reservoir continuity with geostatistics and a reservoir simulator. The geostatistical technique provides many possible realizations and realistic descriptions of reservoir heterogeneity. Correlation between recovery efficiency and thickness of individual sand subunits is shown. Additional recovery from infill drilling results from thin, discontinuous subunits. The technique may be applied to variations in continuity for other sandstone reservoirs.
Nonlinear microwave susceptibility measurement of an artificial Kerr medium (1988)

A suspension of short graphite fibers was shown to provide an effective medium for nonlinear microwave interactions. Using a 18-GHz pump beam with up to 20 W continuous power, changes in the 94-GHz refractive index were measured by interferometry. The induced birefringence and anisotropic absorption indicate an alignment of the fibers with the electric field of the pump beam. The resulting nonlinear refractive index coefficient of n2=2.6×10−4 cm2/W is of sufficient magnitude to demonstrate microwave bistability.
Proposal of CAPTCHA using three dimensional objects (2013)

Over the last few years, unfair use of web services by robot software has grown a quite big problem. In order to prevent the robot software from obtaining new accounts of web services, CAPTCHA is popularly used. CAPTCHA is a method which confirms whether a user is a human being or robot software. The most popular CAPTCHA is a method to read distorted letters. However, it is analyzed by computer software according to developing OCR technology. As a countermeasure against the OCR technology, strongly distorted letters for CAPTCHA are proposed. However, it is hard for human beings to read them. Moreover, there appears a new proposal in which movie is used for CAPTCHA with amodal completion which is one of the human abilities for sight. However, if performance of computer is developed, that proposal might become out of use. Therefore, in our proposal, amodal completion is applied to three dimensional objects in order to increase the calculation cost for a computer up to the level of practical use.
A symbol-reliability based message-passing decoding algorithm for nonbinary LDPC codes over finite fields (2010)

Based on the idea of plurality voting, we develop a low-complexity symbol-reliability based message-passing decoding algorithm for nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over finite fields. A key feature of the algorithm is that the message passed in the Tanner graph is the field element with the highest reliability. This leads to a very simple check node update. The algorithm requires only finite and integer operations. Moreover, the estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not needed. Compared to the Fast Fourier Transform based q-ary sum-product algorithm (FFT-QSPA), the proposed decoding algorithm provides an excellent trade-off between performance and complexity for the nonbinary LDPC codes constructed based on finite geometries, finite fields and cyclotomic cosets.
MR-guided aspiration biopsy: needle design and clinical trials. (1986)

Nonferrous needles of pure brass, titanium, or copper, and ferrous needles of different alloys of stainless steel were analyzed for the size, area, and distribution of the image artifact created when the needles were placed in a 0.6-T magnet. Results demonstrated that a stainless steel prototype needle (type 316) would be visible on magnetic resonance images and would provide an artifact similar to that seen in computed tomographic-guided biopsies. Further testing of this prototype included assessment of the effect on the artifact when changes were made in annealing properties, gauge, length, needle-tip geometry, pulse sequence, and orientation relative to the magnetic field. To date, three human liver biopsies have been successfully and safely performed using a stainless steel type 316 needle.
A Compact Ultrawideband Monopole Antenna for Wireless Communication Application (2009)

An internal ultrawideband monopole antenna for use in the portable wireless communication applications is presented. The proposed antenna had compact dimensions of 12 mm ×16 mm × 4.5 mm. It consisted of a radiating patch, a matching stub, and a ground plane. The designed antenna was fabricated with a case and had a wide bandwidth of more than 8.7 GHz (2.3-11 GHz) for a return loss of less than 10 dB. With this ultrawideband capability, the antenna could cover the wireless-broadband (2.3-2.39 GHz), Bluetooth (2.4-2.4835 GHz), S-DMB (2.605-2.655 GHz), and UWB (3.1-10.6 GHz) bands. The performances of the proposed antenna as installed on a laptop computer was investigated and discussed.
Assembly Protein Precursor (pUL80.5 Homolog) of Simian Cytomegalovirus Is Phosphorylated at a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Site and Its Downstream “Priming” Site: Phosphorylation Affects Interactions of Protein with Itself and with Major Capsid Protein (2004)

Capsid assembly among the herpes-group viruses is coordinated by two related scaffolding proteins. In cytomegalovirus (CMV), the main scaffolding constituent is called the assembly protein precursor (pAP). Like its homologs in other herpesviruses, pAP is modified by proteolytic cleavage and phosphorylation. Cleavage is essential for capsid maturation and production of infectious virus, but the role of phosphorylation is undetermined. As a first step in evaluating the significance of this modification, we have identified the specific sites of phosphorylation in the simian CMV pAP. Two were established previously to be adjacent serines (Ser156 and Ser157) in a casein kinase II consensus sequence. The remaining two, identified here as Thr231 and Ser235, are within consensus sequences for glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase, respectively. Consistent with Thr231 being a GSK-3 substrate, its phosphorylation required a downstream "priming" phosphate (i.e., Ser235) and was reduced by a GSK-3-specific inhibitor. Phosphorylation of Ser235 converts pAP to an electrophoretically slower-mobility isoform, pAP*; subsequent phosphorylation of pAP* at Thr231 converts pAP* to a still-slower isoform, pAP**. The mobility shift to pAP* was mimicked by substituting an acidic amino acid for either Thr231 or Ser235, but the shift to pAP** required that both positions be phosphorylated. Glu did not substitute for pSer235 in promoting phosphorylation of Thr231. We suggest that phosphorylation of Thr231 and Ser235 causes charge-driven conformational changes in pAP, and we demonstrate that preventing these modifications alters interactions of pAP with itself and with major capsid protein, suggesting a functional significance.
One‐Dimensional Nanostructures of Ferroelectric Perovskites (2011)

Nanorods, nanowires, and nanotubes of ferroelectric perovskites have recently been studied with increasing intensity due to their potential use in non-volatile ferroelectric random access memory, nano-electromechanical systems, energy-harvesting devices, advanced sensors, and in photocatalysis. This Review summarizes the current status of these 1D nanostructures and gives a critical overview of synthesis routes with emphasis on chemical methods. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the 1D nanostructures are discussed and possible applications are highlighted. Finally, prospects for future research within this field are outlined.
Judaism (1991)

'Jew' is the name given since the sixth century BC to the members of the tribe of Judah (descendants of the Patriarch Abraham from about the year 2000 BC).
Multiresolution Triangle Strips. (2001)

Most of the previous multiresolution models use exclusively the triangle graphic primitive both in the data structure and in the rendering stage. Only a few models use another graphic primitive in this rendering process and just one uses the triangle fan as the basic primitive of the model. In this paper we present the first multiresolution model, Multiresolution Triangle Strips, that uses the triangle strip in the data structure and in the rendering stage. Each triangle strip is represented as a graph and all levels-of-detail of this strip are stored in it. The extraction algorithm traverses the graph to obtain the triangle strip at the demanded resolution. The use of this primitive speeds up the rendering process as the number of vertices sent to the graphic system is reduced.
Layered transmission of signals over power-constrained wireless channels (2002)

Transmission of layered information over a power-constrained channel is considered. We address the question of the power allocation policy where the goal is to minimize the overall end-to-end distortion. A layer containing significant information is more heavily protected against channel error through allocating more power to that layer. We define an appropriate coding gain and show that the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) is the best unitary transform in the sense of maximizing this gain. Furthermore, we look that the embedded transmission of information and compare this method to orthogonal methods such as multicarrier transmission. We also consider end-to-end distortion optimization for broadcast channels.
Piracy of Prostaglandin E2/EP Receptor–Mediated Signaling by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpes Virus (HHV-8) for Latency Gene Expression: Strategy of a Successful Pathogen (2010)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is implicated in the pathogenesis of KS, a chronic inflammation-associated malignancy. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), two pivotal proinflammatory/oncogeneic molecules, are proposed to play roles in the expression of major KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen-1 (LANA-1). Microsomal PGE2 synthase, PGE2, and its receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4) were detected in KS lesions with the distinct staining of EP2/EP4 in KS lesions. In latently infected endothelial TIVE-LTC cells, EP receptor antagonists downregulated LANA-1 expression as well as Ca(2+), p-Src, p-PI3K, p-PKCzeta/lambda, and p-NF-kappaB, which are also some of the signal molecules proposed to be important in KS pathogenesis. Exogenous PGE2 and EP receptor agonists induced the LANA-1 promoter in 293 cells, and YY1, Sp1, Oct-1, Oct-6, C/EBP, and c-Jun transcription factors seem to be involved in this induction. PGE2/EP receptor-induced LANA-1 promoter activity was downregulated significantly by the inhibition of Ca(2+), p-Src, p-PI3K, p-PKCzeta/lambda, and p-NF-kappaB. These findings implicate the inflammatory PGE2/EP receptors and the associated signal molecules in herpes virus latency and uncover a novel paradigm that shows the evolution of KSHV genome plasticity to use inflammatory response for its survival advantage of maintaining latent gene expression. These data also suggest that potential use of anti-COX-2 and anti-EP receptor therapy may not only ameliorate the chronic inflammation associated with KS but could also lead to elimination of the KSHV latent infection and the associated KS lesions.
Beam: A Tool for Flexible Software Update (1994)

Today's workstations often have a limited local disk space. Besides putting the home of the workstation's owner onto the local disk it is reasonable to place frequently used software packages on the disk, too. This reduces network traffic and makes a workstation more independent from file servers. Of course, the replicated software must be kept consistent with the versions on the file servers. This should be done by an automatic update mechanism.

Copying software packages in their entirety would quickly fill up the local disk space. Especially this problem is addressed by Beam. Copying the whole software package is merely the simplest form of Beam's update possibilities. A system administrator can rely on powerful features for writing update scripts: merging of several source trees, enhanced file name generation, embedded Perl code, a rich set of update commands which can be arbitrarily combined to form complicated update rules. Additionally, Beam has a PACK concept which allows easy adaptation of the update process to the usage pattern of a workstation's owner. To save space on the local disk the user can omit those parts of software packages which are not needed at all (e.g., foreign language user interface) or which are of less interest (e.g., manuals for experienced users). These parts are not missing on the workstation because a symbolic link to the server version is inserted.
Total Ionizing Dose Characterization of a Prototype Floating Gate MOSFET Dosimeter for Space Applications (2013)

A new dosimeter for total ionizing dose that is based on a floating gate MOSFET is presented. The chip incorporates a reference standard MOSFET for temperature compensation and front-end electronics to provide manageable output signals. The floating gate is automatically recharged through an included charge pump circuitry, thus its operating range is spread without affecting the sensitivity. Two different sensitivity configurations are included in the same chip, so the dosimeter can be used under different radiation environments. An initial characterization has been carried out in order to evaluate its suitability for space missions. The results show that the proposed floating gate radiation dosimeter is adequate for space missions with levels of total ionizing dose up to at least 10 krad(Si).
Robust auto-calibration of a PTZ camera with non-overlapping FOV (2008)

We consider the problem of auto-calibration of cameras, which are fixed in location but are free to rotate while changing their internal parameters by zooming. Our method is based on line correspondences between two views, which may have non-overlapping field of view. Camera calibration from images having non-overlapping field of view is the basic motivation behind this research. The key observation is that the planes formed by the optic center and the line correspondences are really the same plane. We use this fact together with the orthonormality constraint of the rotation matrix to estimate the unknown camera parameters. We show experimental results on synthetic and real data, and analyze the accuracy and stability of our method.
Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (2011)

In addition to maintaining the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides analysis and retrieval resources for the data in GenBank and other biological data made available through the NCBI Website. NCBI resources include Entrez, the Entrez Programming Utilities, MyNCBI, PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Gene, the NCBI Taxonomy Browser, BLAST, BLAST Link (BLink), Primer-BLAST, COBALT, Splign, RefSeq, UniGene, HomoloGene, ProtEST, dbMHC, dbSNP, dbVar, Epigenomics, Genome and related tools, the Map Viewer, Model Maker, Evidence Viewer, Trace Archive, Sequence Read Archive, BioProject, BioSample, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, HIV-1/Human Protein Interaction Database, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Probe, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA), the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB), the Conserved Domain Database (CDD), the Conserved Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool (CDART), Biosystems, Protein Clusters and the PubChem suite of small molecule databases. Augmenting many of the Web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets. All of these resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Quantitative Determination of Trypsin Inhibitory Activity in Complex Matrices (2011)

A quantitative assay using azocasein was developed to measure trypsin inhibitory activity in emulsions and other complex systems that are refractory to analysis. The method was tested for reproducibility on pure protein solutions as well as protein-containing material rich in fats and sugars, with special attention to emulsions. In the clean situation, the overall relative standard deviation was less than 6% while for the more complex systems it was less than 16%. The procedure proved robust against deliberate variations of temperature, incubation time and substrate concentration.