gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lokale Modellnetze zur Identifikation und Versuchsplanung nichtlinearer Systeme (2014)

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden neue Verfahren zur experimentellen, datenbasierten Modellbildung (Identifikation) und zur Versuchsplanung nichtlinearer Systeme mit Hilfe von lokalen Modellnetzen vorgestellt.\n\nDie aus dieser Arbeit hervorgehenden Algorithmen basieren einerseits auf einer detaillierten Analyse und Weiterentwicklung der linearen Optimierung lokal gewichteter, polynomialer Modelle hinsichtlich Parameterschätzung, Regularisierung, Validierung und Strukturselektion. Andererseits bedarf es nichtlinearer Optimierungsverfahren, um die Gültigkeitsgebiete der lokalen Modelle an den nichtlinearen Prozess anzupassen. Dazu werden geeignete, heuristische Partitionierungsstrategien entwickelt, die durch sukzessive Unterteilung des Eingangsraums in der Lage sind, lokale Modellnetze effizient an die zugrunde liegenden Prozessdaten anzupassen. Dazu bedienen sich die untersuchten Verfahren achsenschräger Teilungsstrategien, welche sich durch eine flexible Partitionierung insbesondere für höherdimensionale Probleme eignen. Zudem wird eine Strategie vorgestellt, bei der automatisch eine Abwägung stattfindet, ob das Modell entweder mit einer achsenschrägen Teilung flexibilisiert oder ob die Anzahl der zu selektierenden Regressoren der Teilmodelle erhöht werden soll. Die Partitionierung und die lokale Selektion der signifikanten Polynomterme erfolgen hierbei simultan. \n\nDarüber hinaus bietet die Umsetzung des neu entwickelten "Hierarchical Local Model Tree"-Algorithmus’ (HILOMOT) als statistisches Versuchsplanungsverfahren neue Möglichkeiten für praktische Anwendungen. Neben einer Offline-Versuchsplanung können nichtlineare Prozesse, für die kein a priori-Wissen zur Verfügung steht, mit dem Algorithmus aktiv gelernt werden. Das aktive Lernverfahren ist in der Lage, online mit dem Prozess zu interagieren und den Anforderungen entsprechend die Messpunkte effizient zu platzieren.\n\nDie vorgestellten Algorithmen werden durch die Anwendung an realen Systemen verifiziert und deren Leistungsfähigkeit unter Beweis gestellt. Dazu zählt die Modellierung des Verbrauchs und der Emissionskenngrößen eines modernen Dieselmotors, die aktive Versuchsplanung im Rahmen eines Structural Health Monitoring-Systems und die adaptive Online-Versuchsplanung am Motorenprüfstand zur Kalibrierung eines Dieselmotors.
TIDE (transition into driven equilibrium)-Sequences for Brain Imaging with Improved Signal and Contrast.Behaviour (2003)

The TIDE-sequence is based on a steady state free precession (SSFP) experiment, where variable flip angles are used to bring the spin system in and out of the signal steady state. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate new implementations of TIDE for 2D- and 3D-applications, where the high S/N and the possibility to start data acquisition without delay are used to create images with contrast so far unattainable with SSFP-sequences. Especially MP-TIDE which is based on similar principles as MR-RAGE is demonstrated to produce images with very high gray-white matter contrast.
HETEROCLINIC BIFURCATIONS AND OPTIMAL CONTROL IN THE NONLINEAR ROCKING DYNAMICS OF GENERIC AND SLENDER RIGID BLOCKS (2005)

A method for controlling nonlinear dynamics and chaos, previously developed by the authors, is applied to the rigid block on a moving foundation. The method consists in modifying the shape of the excitation in order to eliminate, in an optimal way, the heteroclinic intersections embedded in the system dynamics. Two different cases are examined: (i) generic block under small perturbations and (ii) slender block under generic perturbations, and they are investigated analytically either by a perturbation analysis (former case) or exactly (latter case). Two different strategies are proposed: (i) one-side control, which consists in eliminating the intersections of a single heteroclinic connection, and (ii) global control, which consists in simultaneously eliminating the intersections of both heteroclinic connections. The best excitations permitting the maximum distance between stable and unstable manifolds are determined in both cases. Finally, some numerical investigations aimed at highlighting meaningful aspects of system response under controlled (optimal) and noncontrolled (harmonic) excitations are performed.
Fluoroalkylation reactions in aqueous media: a review (2018)

Recent advances in aqueous fluoroalkylation using various fluoroalkylation reagents are summarized in this review.
Chronic Ulcers Caused by Injection of Substances (2009)

Obesity, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, a sedentary lifestyle, and chronic ulceration can all be complicated by refractory substance abuse. A case is presented featuring significant improvement of these parameters and others, including successful resolution of the refractory ulceration after control with naltrexone hydrochloride implants. The case is important both as a novel form of treatment for ulcer healing in drug-dependent persons, and for potential pathophysiological insights to wound healing that might be suggested by the likely mechanisms of action of naltrexone.
Towards translation of 212Pb as a clinical therapeutic; getting the lead in! (2011)

Targeted α-particle therapy offers the potential for more specific tumor cell killing with less damage to surrounding normal tissue than β-emitters because of the combination of short path length (50-80 μm) with the high linear energy transfer (100 keV μm(-1)) of this emission. These physical properties offer the real possibility of targeted (pre-targeted) α-therapy suitable for the elimination of minimal residual or micrometastatic disease. Targeted and pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using α-emitters such as (212)Bi (T(1/2) = 1.01 h) and (212)Pb (T(1/2) = 10.6 h) has demonstrated significant utility in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. (212)Pb, a promising α-particle emitting source, is the longer-lived parent nuclide of (212)Bi, and serves as an in vivo generator of (212)Bi. The radionuclide has been successfully used in RIT and pre-targeted RIT and demonstrated an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in combination with chemotherapeutics, such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel. The following perspective addresses the modes of radionuclide production, radiolabelling and chelation chemistry, as well as the application of (212)Pb to targeted and pre-targeted radiation therapy.
Localization and Quantification of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II/ Mannose-6-Phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) Receptors in Pig Embryos during Early Pregnancy1 (1994)

To assess a potential role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and -II (IGF-II) in early embryonic development, the presence of their receptors was investigated by both immunohistochemistry and autoradiography experiments on whole embryos at Days 4 and 6 of pregnancy, on embryo sections at Days 8 and 10, and on placenta at Day 20 of pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry experiments were performed by using specific polyclonal antibodies raised against human IGF-I and IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptors. By autoradiography, specificity of [125I]-IGF-I and [125I]-IGF-II binding on embryonic cells was assessed by competition with unlabeled IGF-I and IGF-II, and quantification of the autoradiographic signal was performed by image analysis. The presence of IGF-I receptors on porcine trophectoderm cells was detected neither by immunohistochemistry nor by autoradioradiography on whole embryos or embryo sections. IGF-I receptors were present in the placenta at Day 20 of pregnancy, but only on endometrial cells. In contrast, IGF-II/M6P receptors were detected on porcine trophectoderm cells by both immunohistochemistry and autoradiography on whole embryos, on embryo sections at Day 8 and Day 10 of pregnancy, and on fetal and maternal compartments of the placenta at Day 20. The number of IGF-II/M6P receptors on trophectoderm cells was greatly heterogeneous between embryos within the same litters. There was no relationship between the number of IGF-II/M6P receptors on trophectoderm cells and the age or size of embryos between Day 8 and Day 10 of pregnancy. The involvement of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in early embryonic development in the pig remains to be determined.
IL-3-dependent murine mast cells undergo apoptosis on removal of IL-3. Prevention of apoptosis by <i>c-kit</i> ligand. (1993)

It is well established that mast cell proliferation and maturation are regulated by two principle cytokines, IL-3 and the c-kit ligand stem cell factor (SCF). Little is known, however, how these two processes are negatively regulated and thus, how mast cell number is controlled in normal or pathologic processes. In this study we hypothesized that IL-3-dependent mast cells would undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) on removal of IL-3 as was shown with other growth factor-dependent hemopoietic cells. Apoptotic changes were analyzed using light microscopy, fluorescent staining with acridine orange, flow cytometric analysis, and DNA electrophoresis. We could demonstrate that elimination of IL-3 from either primary bone marrow-derived cultured mast cell cultures (BMCMC) or from the growth factor-dependent mast cell line MCP5 resulted in the characteristic changes of apoptosis including condensed chromatin, fragmented nuclei, cellular vacuolization, typical pattern of propidium iodide or Hoechst 33342 uptake by flow cytometry, and the characteristic 200 bp "ladder" pattern of DNA cleavage. These events were prevented by SCF, an action that was in part mediated by tyrosine kinases, in that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin inhibited the action of SCF in preventing apoptosis in IL-3-deprived cells. By using anti c-kit mAb and IL-3-dependent BMCMC obtained from W/Wv mice homozygous for mutation at the w locus that encodes the c-kit receptor, we could also show that SCF exerted its effect via c-kit. Neither dexamethasone nor cyclosporin A inhibited the "rescue" effect of SCF, suggesting that "rescue" was mediated by SCF and not through the induction of other cytokines. Thus, IL-3-dependent mast cells undergo apoptosis on removal of IL-3, an event that is prevented by the addition of SCF through its ligand c-kit, thus demonstrating how these principle mast cell growth factors may act in concert to regulate mast cell number under physiologic conditions.
Additive manufacturing of graded dielectrics (2014)

A method for the fabrication of graded dielectrics within a structural composite is presented. This system employs an ultrasonic powder deposition head to print high dielectric powders onto a woven fabric composite substrate. It is shown how this system can integrate 3D variations of dielectric properties at millimeter resolution within a mechanically rugged substrate. To conclude, the system's practical application is demonstrated with experimental results from a graded index lens.
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SULFUR ASSIMILATION IN FILAMENTOUS FUNGI AND YEAST (1997)

The filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans and Neurospora crassa and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae each possess a global regulatory circuit that controls the expression of permeases and enzymes that function both in the acquisition of sulfur from the environment and in its assimilation. Control of the structural genes that specify an array of enzymes that catalyze reactions of sulfur metabolism occurs at the transcriptional level and involves both positive-acting and negative-acting regulatory factors. Positive trans-acting regulatory proteins that contain a basic region, leucine zipper-DNA binding domain, are found in Neurospora and yeast. Each of these fungi contain a sulfur regulatory protein of the beta-transducin family that acts in a negative fashion to control gene expression. Sulfur regulation in yeast also involves the general DNA binding protein, centromere binding factor I. Sulfate uptake is a highly regulated step and appears to occur in fungi, plants, and mammals via a family of related transporter proteins. Recent developments have provided new insight into the nature and control of the enzymes ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase, which catalyze the early steps of sulfate assimilation, and of the Aspergillus enzyme, cysteine synthase, which produces cysteine from O-acetylserine.
Céramiques et verres (2005)

Keywords: Verres ; Ceramiques ; Vitroceramiques Reference LTP-BOOK-2006-001 URL: http://ppur.epfl.ch/welcome.html Record created on 2006-02-15, modified on 2017-05-10
Computational protein design with explicit consideration of surface hydrophobic patches (2011)

De novo protein design requires the identification of amino-acid sequences that favor the target-folded conformation and are soluble in water. One strategy for promoting solubility is to disallow hydrophobic residues on the protein surface during design. However, naturally occurring proteins often have hydrophobic amino acids on their surface that contribute to protein stability via the partial burial of hydrophobic surface area or play a key role in the formation of protein-protein interactions. A less restrictive approach for surface design that is used by the modeling program Rosetta is to parameterize the energy function so that the number of hydrophobic amino acids designed on the protein surface is similar to what is observed in naturally occurring monomeric proteins. Previous studies with Rosetta have shown that this limits surface hydrophobics to the naturally occurring frequency (∼28%), but that it does not prevent the formation of hydrophobic patches that are considerably larger than those observed in naturally occurring proteins. Here, we describe a new score term that explicitly detects and penalizes the formation of hydrophobic patches during computational protein design. With the new term, we are able to design protein surfaces that include hydrophobic amino acids at naturally occurring frequencies, but do not have large hydrophobic patches. By adjusting the strength of the new score term, the emphasis of surface redesigns can be switched between maintaining solubility and maximizing folding free energy.
Trends in the Development of Environmentally Acceptable Additives for Zonal Isolation Applications (2001)

Abstract For the past 20 years, there has been increasing global emphasis on development of environmentally acceptable materials to replace chemicals that are considered to be either toxic to flora and fauna or otherwise to pose a long-term hazard to the natural environment. However, globally accepted definitions for unacceptable toxicity or environmental hazard do not exist. Likewise globally accepted protocols for testing methods to evaluate these hazards do not exist. The Oslo-Paris Commission (OSPARCOM) was inaugurated in 1992 for the protection of the marine environment of the Northeast Atlantic. In 1998, OSPAR Conventions were ratified by Belgium, Denmark, the Commission of European Communities, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. The goals of the OSPARCOM are to prevent and eliminate pollution from land-based sources, dumping or incineration, and offshore sources, and to assess the quality of the marine environment. To this end, the OPSARCOM has initiated a series of stringent testing protocols that are used to evaluate chemicals that may be detrimental to the marine environment. Additionally, the Harmonised Offshore Chemical Notification Format (HOCNF), which must be completed on all chemicals to be registered for offshore use, has unified the reporting format. Elsewhere around the globe, the regulations on use of chemicals in the offshore environment are not as highly structured, and, generally, are less strict. For example, chemical discharges offshore in the Gulf of Mexico are based on oil- and grease-extraction tests and static sheen. Aquatic toxicity testing is usually required before discharge is allowed in the Gulf waters. However, these restrictions are rapidly changing and may become much more structured in the near future. This paper summarizes Halliburton's research efforts over the past several years to comply with, and preferably exceed, the diverse global regulations and guidelines in the areas of environmentally acceptable cement dispersants, retarders, viscosifiers, foamers, defoamers, fluid-loss additives, and spacer-blend additives.
<title>Antimicrobial and antiviral activity of porphyrin photosensitization</title> (1994)

In order to photosensitize Gram (-) bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeuruginosa and Escherichia coli, we introduced the small peptide polymyxin-B nona-peptide (PBNP) which stimulated the translocation of porphyrin through the outer membrane of these bacteria and makes PDT possible. Gram negative cell killing by the use of PBNP and DP broadens the antibacterial spectrum of photodynamic inactivation and opens new horizons for this modality as a wide spectrum drug when antibiotic resistance is the main concern. Plasmidial and chromosomal DNA damage in S. aureus and E. coli cells was mediated by DP photosensitization. The major observation was the disappearance of the plasmid supercoiled fraction. The chromosomal DNA was also affected and its degradation products were detected after treatment.
Does Seminal Plasma PSP‐I/PSP‐II Spermadhesin Modulate the Ability of Boar Spermatozoa to Penetrate Homologous Oocytes In Vitro? (2004)

Low concentration (0.15 mg per million of spermatozoa) of seminal plasma-derived PSP-I/PSP-II spermadhesin heterodimer is able to preserve the viability of highly extended boar spermatozoa. Whether spermatozoa also keep their fertilizing capacity is not yet known. The present study evaluated the effect of exposing freshly extended and frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa (10 million/mL) to PSP-I/PSP-II (1.5 mg/mL) for 30 or 120 minutes on sperm characteristics and the outcome of in vitro penetration of immature (IM) and in vitro matured (IVM) homologous oocytes, aiming to identify this spermadhesin as a suitable modulator for sperm-handling protocols. Although exposure to the heterodimer improved sperm viability and motility without increasing the levels of sperm acrosome exocytosis in both freshly extended and frozen-thawed spermatozoa, this pretreatment did not affect sperm penetration rates or sperm numbers per oocyte when pretreated fresh spermatozoa were coincubated with IM or IVM oocytes compared with controls. When cryopreserved spermatozoa were tested, however, on IVM oocytes, already a 30-minute preincubation exposure to PSP-I/PSP-II showed a significant blocking effect on penetration rate (from 90% to 32%, P < .05) and on mean sperm numbers per oocyte (2.9 to 1.6, P < .05). To disclose the nature of this paradox, frozen-thawed spermatozoa were cleansed (by centrifugation in saline bovine serum albumin or through Percoll density gradient separation) and the procedure repeated. Oocyte penetration (but not number of spermatozoa per oocyte) increased (P < .05) when spermatozoa were cleansed with Percoll compared with either washed or unwashed controls (53% vs 13% vs 31%, respectively). In addition, the percentages of polyspermic oocytes remained lower than control (38.5% vs 68.7%, respectively; P < .05). In conclusion, the results confirm that exposure of fresh or frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa to a low dose of seminal PSP-I/PSP-II spermadhesin preserves sperm viability and motility in vitro. Although there was no obvious influence of the heterodimer on the capability of freshly extended boar spermatozoa to penetrate homologous oocytes (either IM or IVM), PSP-I/PSP-II exerted a deleterious effect when frozen-thawed spermatozoa were used to penetrate IVM oocytes. Such an effect of cryopreservation seems to a certain extent reversible, since cleansing of the sperm surface decreased, at least partially, this blocking effect, increasing both penetration and the monospermic rates.
Expression of Supramolecular Chirality in Aggregates of Chiral Amide-Containing Surfactants (1998)

We can induce or alter supramolecular expression of chirality in the aggregates of a series of chiral amide-containing surfactants (1, R = C(O)C3H7, C6H5; R′ = C11H23, C17H35; X = phosphate, imidazole) by changing the pH or by addition of metal ions. Chirality at a higher level, such as in the formation of helical structures, is found to depend strongly on the head-group organisation of the surfactant molecules.
Multinational Enterprise Adaptation Dynamics, Mathematical Modelling, and Empirical Analysis (2019)

Using an applied mathematics approach, this chapter embeds algorithmic measures into cultural theory in research on international business. The specialized area is concerned with adaptation of multinational enterprise (MNE) cross-borders in which how dynamic functions can strengthen the argument by producing robust models. The chapter contributes to the extant literature by offering a set of mechanisms that can be used by MNEs in adapting to a new or complex environment where culture can be diverse and policy choice is challenging. The mechanism by driving an adaptive approach, in particular, addresses a research issue that is persistent in cultural transition studies. The issue is distinguished from the standard economic model in that individual or rational actors have a fixed set of independent preferences (i.e., decision choice based on price, benefit, or rules of the game), uninfluenced by the behavior of others or the social settings within which they operate. The current study addresses the issue by demonstrating that a range of socio-cultural factors can influence behavior.
The Paradox of Innocence: Why Abolishing the Death Penalty May Increase Miscarriages of Justice (2021)

As long as we have a death penalty we will inevitably execute innocent people. It has been argued by many scholars, such as Michael Radelet, Hugo Bedau and Constance Putnam, that such miscarriages of justice mean we should abolish the death penalty. I argue that, paradoxically, if we do abolish the death penalty more innocent people may be punished for crimes they did not commit. Miscarriages of justice may increase because the “surplus oversight” (extra appeals, more lawyer hours, etc.) that attend capital cases may disappear. I collected and analyzed available data on surplus oversight, which strongly suggests that this is the case. To further test my hypothesis, I constructed and implemented an experiment: would subjects donate as much to an innocence project if the innocent person were serving life in prison as they would if the innocent person were sentenced to die? The results of the experiment suggest that they would not; donations to exonerate innocent people serving life were about 20% lower than those to exonerate innocent people on death row. These findings support my conclusion: if we abolish the death penalty people may pay less attention and allocate fewer resources to wrongful convictions so that inadvertently more people may spend the rest of their lives in prison for crimes they did not commit. Ironically, if we want to avoid miscarriages of justice, we have a reason to keep the death penalty.