gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human α‐galactosidase A: High plasma activity expressed by the ‐30G→A allele (1997)

Human alpha-galactosidase A (EC 3.2.1.22; alpha-Gal A) is the lysosomal exoglycosidase responsible for the hydrolysis of terminal alpha-galactosyl residues from glycoconjugates and is the defective enzyme causing Fabry disease (McKusick 301500). An unusally elevated level of plasma alpha-Gal A activity (> 2.5 times the normal mean) was detected in two unrelated normal males and the elevated activities were inherited as X-linked traits in their families. Sequencing of the alpha-Gal A coding region, intron/exon boundaries and 5'-flanking region from the proband identified a single mutation, a G-->A transition 30 nt upstream from the initiation of translation codon in exon 1. The -30G-->A mutation occurred in a putative NF kappa B/Ets consensus binding site that was recently shown to inhibit protein binding to the 5'-untranslated region of the gene, providing a possible explanation for its high activity. To further characterize the mutation, the mRNA and protein expressed by this variant allele were studied. Purified plasma and lymphoblast alpha-Gal A activity from individuals with the -30G-->A mutation had normal physical and kinetic properties. In vitro translation of mRNAs from the cloned normal and high plasma activity alleles resulted in similar levels of alpha-Gal A protein, indicating that this mutation did not enhance translation. These findings suggest that the -30G-->A mutation in the 5'-untranslated region of the alpha-Gal A gene enhances transcription, presumably by interfering with the binding of negatively-acting transcription factors which normally decrease alpha-Gal A expression in various cells. Preliminary studies of the frequency of the -30G-->A mutation in 395 unrelated normal males of mixed ancestry revealed two additional unrelated individuals who had high plasma enzymatic activity and the mutation, confirming the effect of this mutation on enzyme expression and suggesting that about 0.5% of normal individuals have high plasma alpha-Gal A activity due to this variant allele.
Cephalosporins. IV. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 7.ALPHA.-methoxy-7.BETA.-vinylenethioacetamido cephalosporins. (1982)

The synthesis and in vitro activity of 7 alpha-methoxy-7 beta-vinylenethioacetamido cephalosporins with various substituents at the 3-position are described. These cephalosporins showed good activity against beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria. 7 alpha-Methoxy-7-[(Z)-beta-cyano-vinylenethioacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol -5-yl)thiomethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (3) was several times more active in vitro than cefoxitin and comparable to cefmetazole.
Opto-electronic control of terahertz metamaterials (2007)

We demonstrate external control of metamaterials operating at terahertz frequencies. Through photodoping of semiconducting substrates, used to support metamaterial arrays, we show ultrafast switching times. New metamaterial "grids" are presented, which may be formed by the union of electric metamaterials arrays. Metamaterial grids are then utilized to form a Schottky contact are used to demonstrate voltage switching of the metamaterials resonance. Both devices presented may be utilized to form novel devices at terahertz frequencies and also scaled to other energy regimes of interest.
A Robust System and Methodology for Removing the Acquisition Related Effects from Seismic Data (2012)

The objective of the seismic method has always been to map the response of the earth. However, acquisition imposed effects are incorporated in the seismic data limiting our ability to achieve this. These acquisition-related effects are the two sea surface reflections, and the response of the source and the receiver systems. In 2007 the technology of multi-component streamers was introduced to the marine seismic exploration industry. The combination of pressure and particle motion sensors allows the effects of the receiver sea surface reflection to be removed from seismic data. The response of the receiver system is broadband and well known, so this term can also be handled. This leaves the source response and the source ghost. This paper will describe a system that allows the acquisition-related terms to be removed from seismic data to reveal the response of the earth. The three key steps are the removal of the source ghost, the removal of the receiver ghost and the removal of the source response. Each of the steps is equally vital and the robust execution of each step relies on an acquisition system that is designed to produce appropriate complementary functions. Data examples will also be shown.
A System Level Approach for Online Junction Temperature Measurement of SiC MOSFETs Using Turn-On Delay Time (2020)

In this paper, a new online junction temperature monitoring approach for SiC MOSFETs is proposed by measuring the turn-on delay time using the system microcontroller and intelligent gate drive. Specifically, the intelligent gate drive converts the turn-on delay time to the pulse-width of a digital signal. Then the high-resolution capture module in the microcontroller (with 300 picoseconds resolution) is utilized to precisely measure the turn-on delay time. To improve the measurement sensitivity, the intelligent gate drive circuit implements a large gate resistance during the measurement period and immediately switches back to low gate resistance value for normal operations. A prototype is built, and the proposed circuit is tested in both double pulse switching tests and continuous converter operations. From the experimental results, an accurate junction temperature measurement is achieved in real-time with an error less than 1°C.
Fully digital 1-D, 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos as hardware pseudo random number generators (2012)

This paper introduces the first fully digital implementation of 1-D, 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos using the sawtooth nonlinearity in a 3rd order ODE with the Euler approximation. Systems indicate chaotic behaviour through phase space boundedness and positive Lyapunov exponent. Low-significance bits form a PRNG and pass all tests in the NIST SP. 800-22 suite without post-processing. Real-time control of the number of scrolls allows distinct output streams with 2-D and 3-D multiscroll chaos enabling greater controllability. The proposed PRNGs are experimentally verified on a Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGA with logic utilization less than 1.25%, throughput up to 5.25 Gbits/s and up to 512 distinct output streams with low cross-correlation.
Coronary angiography using synchrotron radiation (invited) (1989)

Imaging of coronary arteries using a venous instead of an arterial injection of contrast agent could provide a much safer method to diagnose heart disease. The tunability, intensity, and collimation of synchrotron radiation x-ray beams makes possible imaging systems with greatly improved imaging sensitivity. A pair of fan x-ray beams, a movable patient chair, and a multielement x-ray detector are used to acquire a pair of x-ray images above and below the iodine K edge. The logarithmic subtraction of these two images produces an image with excellent sensitivity to contrast agent and minimal sensitivity to bone and tissue. High-quality images from a dog and preliminary images from five humans have been obtained. Improvements are being made to the system to increase the effective radiation flux and to measure the position of both x-ray beams.
Stochastic Decoding of LDPC Codes over GF(q) (2013)

Despite the outstanding performance of non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over many communication channels, they are not in widespread use yet. This is due to the high implementation complexity of their decoding algorithms, even those that compromise performance for the sake of simplicity. In this paper, we present three algorithms based on stochastic computation to reduce the decoding complexity. The first is a purely stochastic algorithm with error-correcting performance matching that of the sum-product algorithm (SPA) for LDPC codes over Galois fields with low order and a small variable node degree. We also present a modified version which reduces the number of decoding iterations required while remaining purely stochastic and having a low per-iteration complexity. The second algorithm, relaxed half-stochastic (RHS) decoding, combines elements of the SPA and the stochastic decoder and uses successive relaxation to match the error-correcting performance of the SPA. Furthermore, it uses fewer iterations than the purely stochastic algorithm and does not have limitations on the field order and variable node degree of the codes it can decode. The third algorithm, NoX, is a fully stochastic specialization of RHS for codes with a variable node degree 2 that offers similar performance, but at a significantly lower computational complexity. We study the performance and complexity of the algorithms; noting that all have lower per-iteration complexity than SPA and that RHS can have comparable average per-codeword computational complexity, and NoX a lower one.
Asynchronous assertions (2011)

Assertions are a familiar and widely used bug detection technique. Traditional assertion checking, however, is performed synchronously, imposing its full cost on the runtime of the program. As a result, many useful kinds of checks, such as data structure invariants and heap analyses, are impractical because they lead to extreme slowdowns. We present a solution that decouples assertion evaluation from program execution: assertions are checked asynchronously by separate checking threads while the program continues to execute. Our technique guarantees that asynchronous evaluation always produces the same result as synchronous evaluation, even if the program concurrently modifies the program state. The checking threads evaluate each assertion on a consistent snapshot of the program state as it existed at the moment the assertion started.
(A, B, C, E) and (T, L, E) Multiplexing Readout Concept for PET Block Detectors (2006)

New A, B, C, E (energy) and T (top), L (left), E (energy) multiplexing readout concepts for block detectors in positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed. With the ABCE (TLE) design, eight (four) detector blocks with 32 (16) channels can be multiplexed into 4 (3) outputs. The new multiplexing scheme is capable of substantially reducing the signal processing channels in the data processing main electronics. In addition, the new scheme could improve system timing performance by eliminating cable time-skew and facilitate the filter design by downgrading the circuit accuracy requirements such as the group-delay error and filter channel skews. As a drawback, the processing channel reduction will add to detector pile-up and dead-time. These effects need to be carefully investigated for any implementations.
PARALLEL LINK MANIPULATOR--INVENTION PATENT (1987)

This document comprises a United States Patent description of an invention designated as a Parallel Link Manipulator. The authors indicate that this tool is capable of operating on land, under the sea, and in space. For maritime applications, the manipulator is seen as having particular utility in such operations as cleaning, inspection, simple repair and assembly, and undersea welding.
NIMG-72. QUANTIFYING INTRA-TUMOR MULTI-GENE HETEROGENEITY OF GBM FROM MRI USING A DATA-INCLUSIVE MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM (2021)

Abstract Intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity is an important cause of treatment failure of GBM. Using MRI and image-localized biopsies, it is possible to train machine learning (ML) models to predict regional genetic status. However, biopsy samples are limited, making it difficult to train a robust ML model. We proposed a data-inclusive model called Weakly Supervised Ordinal Support Vector Machines (WSO-SVM) which leverages the vast amount of MRI data outside the sparsely sampled biopsy regions to augment the biopsy samples to improve ML accuracy. Our study included a unique dataset of 104 image-localized biopsies with spatially matched multiparametric MRI from 30 untreated Glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Each biopsy sample went through genetic sequencing analysis and our study focused on two GBM hallmark genes, EGFR and PDGFRA. For each gene, a biopsy sample was labeled as “altered” if the copy number of this gene was amplified or a mutation was found, and “non-altered” otherwise. From the localized region of six MRI contrasts from T1gd, T2w, diffusion and perfusion imaging, over 300 texture features were extracted. To account for biopsy sample location uncertainty, six neighboring regions of the biopsy sample including four neighbors two pixels away from the biopsy location and two neighbors on adjacent slices were also included in model training. WSO-SVM achieved 0.83 accuracy, 0.77 sensitivity, and 0.86 specificity for classifying EGFR; 0.77 accuracy, 0.74 sensitivity, and 0.79 specificity for classifying PDGFRA, based on 10-fold cross validation. Furthermore, using the trained models, we generated regional EGFR and PDGFRA alteration maps for each patient within the enhancing and non-enhancing tumoral areas. On average we found a greater proportion of enhancing tumor with co-alteration than non-enhancing tumor, while this trend was reversed when considering only one altered gene. The ratio of EGFR vs PDGFRA alterations was higher in non-enhancing tumor than enhancing tumor.
Syntheses of 8,9-Epoxy- and 5-<i>O</i>-Acyl-8,9-epoxymilbemycin A<sub>4</sub>and Their Activity against<i>Tetranychus urticae</i> (1995)

Journal Article Syntheses of 8,9-Epoxy- and 5-O-Acyl-8,9-epoxymilbemycin A4 and Their Activity against Tetranychus urticae Get access Yoshihisa Tsukamoto, Yoshihisa Tsukamoto Agroscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1041 Yasu, Yasu-cho, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520–23, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuo Sato, Kazuo Sato Agroscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1041 Yasu, Yasu-cho, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520–23, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takao Kinoto, Takao Kinoto Agroscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1041 Yasu, Yasu-cho, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520–23, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshiaki Yanai, Toshiaki Yanai Agroscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1041 Yasu, Yasu-cho, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520–23, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Nishida, Akira Nishida Agroscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1041 Yasu, Yasu-cho, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520–23, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Keiji Tanaka, Keiji Tanaka Agroscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1041 Yasu, Yasu-cho, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520–23, JapanAgrochemicals Development and Technical Services Department, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 2–7–12 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Satoru Naito, Satoru Naito Agroscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1041 Yasu, Yasu-cho, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520–23, JapanMedicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1–2–58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Junya Ide Junya Ide Agroscience Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1041 Yasu, Yasu-cho, Yasu-gun, Shiga 520–23, JapanMedicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co. Ltd., 1–2–58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 2, 1 January 1995, Pages 226–230, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.226 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 11 July 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activities of 4‐Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3‐a]carbazole Pim Kinase Inhibitors. (2013)

Abstract Novel 4‐substituted pyrrolo[2,3‐a]carbazoles like (VIII) are synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities.
High-power-gas-discharge- and laser-plasma-based EUV sources (2002)

In this paper we discuss new results from investigations on high power EUV sources for micro-lithography based on gas discharge produced plasmas and laser produced plasmas. The EUV development is performed at XTREME technologies GmbH, a joint venture of Lambda Physik AG, Goettingen, and Jenoptik LOS GmbH, Jena. For gas discharge EUV sources we report data based on Xenon filled Z-pinches. Prototypes of the EUV source achieve an EUV output power of 10 W in-band in continuous operation. Repetition rates of 1 kHz are possible with liquid cooling of the discharge head. The spectral distribution of the EUV radiation shows a maximum around 13.5 nm and matches the reflection characteristics of silicon/molybdenum multilayer mirrors. Conversion efficiencies between 0.25 percent and 0.7 percent into a solid angle of 2p sr were achieved with the Z-pinch source depending the discharge geometry. The total EUV average power in the spectral range between 5 nm and 50 nm is about 200 W in 1.8 sr. Pulse energy stability data show standard deviation between 1-4 percent. Spatial and temporal emission characteristics of the discharge source in dependence on the discharge geometry are discussed. The laser plasma investigations are performed with an experimental setup consisting of a diode pumped laser system coupled to a liquid jet target. Since the conversion efficiency into EUV-power depends critically on the emitter density in the interaction region, we use a Xenon-jet, which is cryogenically liquefied and injected under high pressure into the vacuum vessel. Thus the laser is impinging on a target of solid-state density, which allows the generation of EUV-radiation with high conversion efficiencies of 0.5 percent into a solid angle of 2p sr.
Alternating current losses in biaxially textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ films deposited on Ni tapes (1997)

YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ films grown on rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates carry critical current densities 105–106 A/cm2 at 77 K and low applied magnetic fields. In the low-field and low-current regime, ac transport current studies show hysteresis energy loss (per cycle and per unit length) roughly the value expected for a superconductor of elliptic cross section. The critical current Ic was deduced from observed dc and dynamic current-voltage relations. The power loss rises sharply as I0 (the maximum current in each cycle) is raised above Ic. In the present configuration, ferromagnetic hysteresis of the Ni substrate contributes little or no loss.
Analysis of a Capsular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis Locus of<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> (1999)

A major clinical manifestation of infection with Bacteroides fragilis is the formation of intra-abdominal abscesses, which are induced by the capsular polysaccharides of this organism. Transposon mutagenesis was used to locate genes involved in the synthesis of capsular polysaccharides. A 24,454-bp region was sequenced and found to contain a 15,379-bp locus (designated wcf) with 16 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding products similar to those encoded by genes of other bacterial polysaccharide biosynthesis loci. Four genes encode products that are similar to enzymes involved in nucleotide sugar biosynthesis. Seven genes encode products that are similar to sugar transferases. Two gene products are similar to O-acetyltransferases, and two products are probably involved in polysaccharide transport and polymerization. The product of one ORF, WcfH, is similar to a set of deacetylases of the NodB family. Deletion mutants demonstrated that the wcf locus is necessary for the synthesis of polysaccharide B, one of the two capsular polysaccharides of B. fragilis 9343. The virulence of the polysaccharide B-deficient mutant was comparable to that of the wild type in terms of its ability to induce abscesses in a rat model of intra-abdominal infection.
The lock-on effect in electron-beam-controlled gallium arsenide switches (1991)

The authors analyze the lock-on effect, which is the inability of photoconductive or electron-beam-controlled semiconductor switches to recover to their initial hold-off voltages following the application of the laser or electron-beam pulse, if the applied voltage exceeds a certain value. For GaAs this threshold voltage corresponds to average electric fields in the range from 4 to 12 kV/cm. Experimental results on semi-insulating GaAs switches indicate that the corresponding lock-on current after e-beam irradiation is identical with the steady-state dark current. The highly resistive state of the switch before e-beam irradiation is shown to be a transient phase towards the much lower steady-state dark resistance, with a duration which depends on the impurity content of the switch material and the applied voltage. The irradiation of the GaAs samples with electrons or photons causes an acceleration of this temporal evolution; at sufficiently high laser or e-beam intensities, lock-on of the dark current after termination of the driving ionization source is observed. Based on the experimental results, a model is developed which describes the lock-on effect in terms of double injection and carrier trapping in deep intraband levels. The model explains the major characteristics of the lock-up effects and is supported by the qualitative agreement of the calculated current-voltage curves with the experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyisoprenylated Benzophenone, Garcinol, a Natural Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor, Represses Chromatin Transcription and Alters Global Gene Expression (2004)

Histone acetylation is a diagnostic feature of transcriptionally active genes. The proper recruitment and function of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs) are key regulatory steps for gene expression and cell cycle. Functional defects of either of these enzymes may lead to several diseases, including cancer. HATs and HDACs thus are potential therapeutic targets. Here we report that garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative from Garcinia indica fruit rind, is a potent inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases p300 (IC50 approximately 7 microm) and PCAF (IC50 approximately 5 microm) both in vitro and in vivo. The kinetic analysis shows that it is a mixed type of inhibitor with an increased affinity for PCAF compared with p300. HAT activity-dependent chromatin transcription was strongly inhibited by garcinol, whereas transcription from DNA template was not affected. Furthermore, it was found to be a potent inducer of apoptosis, and it alters (predominantly down-regulates) the global gene expression in HeLa cells.
Efficient and Accurate Schematic Transistor Model of FinFET Parasitic Elements (2013)

We present a schematic transistor model for multifinger multifin FETs, which greatly simplifies an initially complex network. The schematic finFET model accepts various finFET layout information and is accurate in predicting the overall finFET characteristics, including the effect of parasitic resistance (R) and capacitance (C) in a finFET.