gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Structural Model of Sponsored Search Advertising Auctions (2011)

Sponsored links that appear beside Internet search results on the major search engines are sold using real-time auctions. Advertisers place standing bids, and each time a user enters a search query, the search engine holds an auction. Ranks and prices depend on advertiser bids as well as \quality scores that vary over time, by advertisement and individual user query. Existing models assume that bids are customized for a single user query. In practice queries arrive more quickly than advertisers can change their bids. This paper develops a new model that incorporates these features. In contrast to prior models, which produce multiplicity of equilibria, we provide sucient conditions for existence and uniqueness of equilibria. In addition, we propose a homotopy-based method for computing equilibria. We propose a structural econometric model. With sucient uncertainty in the environment, the valuations are point-identied; otherwise, we consider bounds on valuations. We develop an estimator which we show is consistent and asymptotically normal, and we assess the small sample properties of the estimator using Monte Carlo. We apply the model to historical data for several search phrases. Our model yields lower implied valuations and bidder prots than those suggested by the leading alternative model. We nd that bidders have substantial strategic incentives to reduce their expressed demand in order to reduce the unit prices they pay in the auctions. These incentives are asymmetric, leading to inecient allocation, which does not arise in models that ignore uncertainty. Although these are among the most competitive search phrases, bidders earn substantial prots: values per click are between 40 and 90 percent higher than prices for low-ranked bidders, but are between 90 and 270 percent higher for high-ranked bidders. Our counterfactual analysis shows that for the search phrases we study, the auction mechanism used in practice is only slightly less ecient than a Vickrey auction, but the revenue eects are ambiguous, with Vickrey leading to substantially less revenue for one search phrase and slightly more for the other. In addition, less ecient
When Seeing Isn’t Believing – Current Multimedia Authentication Technologies and Their Applications (2004)

Inherent properties of digital multimedia may be readily exploited to generate manipulated signals and forgeries. We present a review of current technologies for multimedia authentication and tamper detection. Integrity verification challenges and general requirements for multimedia authentication technologies are examined. Two major types of multimedia authentication, i.e., hard authentication and soft authentication, are discussed. Detailed descriptions on current systems in the literature are included for each authentication category.
LINE‐SCAN SPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM FOR ONLINE POULTRY CARCASS INSPECTION* (2009)

ABSTRACT A line‐scan spectral imaging system was developed for online identification of wholesome and unwholesome freshly slaughtered chicken carcasses on commercial processing lines. Hyperspectral images acquired by the imaging system for 5,549 wholesome and 93 unwholesome chicken carcasses on a 140 bird per minute (bpm) processing line were analyzed to optimize region of interest size and location and determine key wavebands by which to implement online multispectral inspection based on single‐waveband intensity and a two‐waveband ratio. Multispectral inspection algorithms were developed for real‐time online chicken inspection. The imaging system inspected over 100,000 chickens on the processing line during continuous operation and accurately identified over 99% of wholesome and over 96% of unwholesome chickens. A system of this type can perform food safety inspection tasks accurately and consistently on high‐speed processing lines (e.g., at least 140 bpm), to help poultry processors improve production efficiency and satisfy increasing consumer demand for poultry products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The line‐scan spectral imaging system was designed as a tool to assist poultry processors in meeting the requirements of the HACCP‐Based Inspection Models Project as implemented by Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). The system is particularly well suited for presorting poultry carcasses on high‐speed processing lines by removing systemically diseased birds prior to the inspection stations. This can increase efficiency and reduce cross‐contamination risks by minimizing the presence and unnecessary processing of unwholesome birds on the processing line. Real‐time data collection and prompt removal of unwholesome poultry carcasses can enhance the ability of FSIS to certify U.S. poultry products for both domestic and export markets. In addition, the spectral imaging methodology of this system has the potential for easy adaptation to other high‐speed food processing tasks, particularly those involving automated inspection for quality indicators.
Optimal Step Size for the Adaptive Least-Mean Squares Algorithm Applied in the Fractional Fourier Transform Domain for Efficient Signal Estimation in Interference and Noise (2015)

© 2015 IEEE. Reprinted, with Permission, from 14 th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory Abstract—The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) has wide applications in communications and signal processing. It has been shown to provide significant improvement over the conventional Fourier Transform when the signal-of-interest (SOI) or the interference and noise environment is non- stationary, as is often the case. Recently, a Least-Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm was developed for computing the optimum weight vector of the adaptive linear filter applied in the FrFT domain to estimate a SOI from the environment. A computational complexity exists, however, in that typically the FrFT rotational parameter 'a' cannot be mathematically computed a priori, and with the LMS algorithm, there is also a step size µ that must be computed. Finding the optimum rotational parameter and optimum step size could require several iterations to achieve the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) for this adaptive filtering method. Since the rotational parameter cannot in general be calculated mathematically, in this paper we develop a method to determine the optimum step size µopt mathematically, thereby improving practical use of the algorithm. We show that the optimum step size produces the MMSE, as desired, and in fact, the step size itself converges to the MMSE as a function of time. We demonstrate the proposed method by simulation of a BPSK signal in non-stationary noise.
The Dialog manager a system for managing procedural knowledge (2013)

The Dialog Manager is a conversational web-based tool that helps organizations manage procedural knowledge. In the modern enterprise, procedural knowledge is of particular importance for service delivery organizations. The Dialog Manager helps standardization of operating procedures in order to deliver a consistently high level of service. In turn, it provides a systematic approach to capturing, managing and disseminating procedural knowledge. The Dialog Manager captures procedural knowledge in the form of dialogs that serve as interactive guides by offering a visual knowledge representation and an integrated content management system. It also provides a sophisticated conversation management mechanism that records and manages the activation status of nodes in a conversation. With advanced question selection algorithms, it makes the performance of procedural knowledge effective. The Dialog Manager has been piloted with the Application Management Services practice of IBM Global Business Services. Currently, the Dialog Manager is being used primarily for teams managing and supporting software applications for large enterprise customers in service engagements. We currently have several hundred users and expect the user population to grow to several thousand by the end of the year. The system has been received enthusiastically by users and in a recent survey. We found that over 70% found the tool to be of value to them and that it significantly improves the productivity of the practitioners. While the initial area of deployment has been in the area of IT services, the Dialog Manager is equally well suited to handling all kinds of procedural knowledge in the enterprise.
A computationally simple method for simulating the micro-embossing of thermoplastic layers (2009)

We demonstrate a highly computationally efficient approach to simulating the embossing of micrometer-scale, feature-rich patterns on to thermoplastic polymeric layers. The method employs a linear viscoelastic model for the embossed layer and computes the distribution of contact pressure between the polymeric layer and a rigid embossing stamp that is consistent with the progression of the polymer deformation. An approximation to the embossed topography of the polymeric layer is thereby generated as a function of the material being embossed, the stamp's design, and the embossing process's temperature, duration and applied load. For a stamp design described with an 800 × 800 matrix of topographical heights, simulation can be completed within 30–100 s using a personal computer with an Intel Pentium 4 processor and 2 GB RAM. Our method is sufficiently fast for it to be employed iteratively for designing a pattern to be embossed or for selecting processing parameters. The viscoelastic properties of three polymeric materials—polymethylmethacrylate, polycarbonate and Zeonor 1060R, a cyclic olefin polymer—have been experimentally calibrated. For a test pattern having features with diameters of 5 µm to 90 µm, simulated and experimental topographies agree with rms errors of less than 2 µm across all processing conditions tested, with absolute topographical heights ranging up to 30 µm.
Defined Epitopes: In vivo and in vitro Studies Using Recombinant Allergens (1997)

The results show that recombinant allergens retain biologic activity and suggest that cocktails of two to four recombinant allergens could be used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The phased introduction of recombinant allergens should improve the management of allergic disease.
On the mechanistic pathways of exfoliation-and-deposition of graphene by bipolar electrochemistry (2021)

Amongst the different graphene fabrication techniques, bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) has been recently reported as a simple, controllable, low cost, eco-friendly, and scalable method. It consists of a wirelessly placed carbon source between two feeding electrodes subjected to direct current (DC) voltage in a deionized water bath. Although the physicochemical characteristics of produced graphene have been evaluated, the exfoliation and deposition mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, a novel modified BPE system with an electrically-connected graphite-platinum couple acting as the bipolar electrode has been designed in order to decouple and investigate the contribution of anodic/cathodic exfoliation and deposition of graphene in the BPE process. Electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicate that both anodic and cathodic exfoliation of graphene could take place regardless of the type of polarization; however, the morphology and deposition rate highly depend on the polarization. Furthermore, the graphene fabricated by anodic exfoliation was found to show higher levels of oxidation compared to the graphene produced by cathodic exfoliation.
Maternal Serum Screening for Down Syndrome in Early Pregnancy (1989)

WALD, NICHOLAS J.; CUCKLE, HOWARD S.; DENSEM, JAMES W.; NANCHAHAL, KIRAN; ROYSTON, PATRICK; CHARD, TIM; HADDOW, JAMES E.; KNIGHT, GEORGE J.; PALOMAKI, GLENN E.; CANICK, JACOB A.Author Information
Improving bending losses in holey fibers (2005)

Preliminary work has shown that the bending losses of large-mode-area holey fibers can be improved by modifying the hole configuration (Mortensen et al. (2003)). For the first time, we accurately quantify the advantages of this technique.
Soft Magnetic Properties of Fe-Based Glassy Alloys with High Saturation Magnetization. (1998)

The compositional dependence of the glass-forming ability and magnetic properties of Fe-Al-Ga-P-C-B- (Si) glassy alloys was investigated. The saturation magnetization (σs) increase with increasing Fe content. While the maximum thickness for glass formation (tmax) decreases when the (P, C, B) is replaced by Fe, it hardly does so when the (Al, Ga) is replaced by Fe. When P is replaced by Si, tmax increases. As a result, a high σs of 207 × 10-6 Wbm kg-1 and a large tmax of 220 μm were simultaneously obtained in a Fe77Al2.14Ga0.86P8.4C5B4Si2.6 glassy alloy. The core loss of this glassy alloy with a smaple thickness of 100μm at f=50 Hz and Bm = 1.0 T was 0.22 Wkg, which is lower than those of 6.5%Si-Fe alloy and amorphous Fe78Si9B13 alloy with the same sample thickness. Therefore, it can be said that the Fe-Al-Ga-P-C-B-Si glassy alloys are useful for inductive applications.
Carbon management in assembly manufacturing logistics (2009)

In this paper, we present the IBM Carbon Analyzer Tool, a software solution that models and quantifies carbon emissions and explores ways to reduce emissions through advanced analytics. The tool is designed to manage carbon emissions associated with the support logistics for an assembly manufacturing operation. The tool has four analytical modules. A shipment analysis module calculates carbon emissions from transportation activities and analyzes opportunities for reducing emissions by changing fuel types of vehicles and using larger vehicles that permit consolidated shipments. A sourcing analysis module compares sourcing alternatives, including changes to supplier locations, routing of shipments, frequency of orders, and transportation modes. A scenario analysis module explores various consolidation policies to minimize transportation, inventory, and carbon costs, subject to inventory availability requirements. A sensitivity analysis module quantifies the effects of changes to uncontrollable and uncertain inputs, such as manufacturing demand for components, carbon prices, and supplier reliability. The tool makes use of a Java™-based graphical user interface and an IBM DB2® (Database 2™) platform to manage input and output data. A pilot implementation of the solution, using actual customer data, showed that emissions and transportation costs can be reduced simultaneously by optimizing vehicle use, fuel types, and shipment consolidation. Achieving a 20%–30% reduction in emission was possible with minimal cost increase.
Müllerian inhibiting substance levels at the time of HCG administration in IVF cycles predict both ovarian reserve and embryo morphology (2005)

MIS levels seem to predict not only ovarian reserve, but also embryo morphology. Measurement of MIS at the time of HCG administration may, therefore, in the future improve management of patients undergoing treatments with assisted reproductive technology.
Photochromic metal–organic frameworks for inkless and erasable printing (2015)

Inkless and erasable printing is the key solution towards a more sustainable paper industry, in terms of reducing paper wastages and the associated environmental hazards from waste paper processing. However, only a few cases have been reported in the literature where inkless printing has been tested in some practical systems. In an attempt to address this solution, we used photochromic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and tested their capability as inkless and erasable printing media. The printing was performed using sunlight as the light source on MOF-coated papers. The resulting printing had good resolution and stability, and was capable of being read both by the human eye and smart electronic devices; furthermore, the paper could be reused for several cycles without any significant loss in intensity. Interestingly, different coloured printing with a similar efficiency was achieved by varying the structure of the MOF.
Near-infrared light-guided miniaturized indirect ophthalmoscopy for nonmydriatic wide-field fundus photography (2018)

A portable fundus imager is essential for emerging telemedicine screening and point-of-care examination of eye diseases. However, existing portable fundus cameras have limited field of view (FOV) and frequently require pupillary dilation. We report here a miniaturized indirect ophthalmoscopy-based nonmydriatic fundus camera with a snapshot FOV up to 67° external angle, which corresponds to a 101° eye angle. The wide-field fundus camera consists of a near-infrared light source (LS) for retinal guidance and a white LS for color retinal imaging. By incorporating digital image registration and glare elimination methods, a dual-image acquisition approach was used to achieve reflection artifact-free fundus photography.
Fucosylated haptoglobin is a novel marker for pancreatic cancer: A detailed analysis of the oligosaccharide structure and a possible mechanism for fucosylation (2005)

Changes in oligosaccharide structures have been reported in certain types of malignant transformations and, thus, could be used for tumor markers in certain types of cancer. In the case of pancreatic cancer cell lines, a variety of fucosylated proteins are secreted into their conditioned media. To identify fucosylated proteins in the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer, we performed western blot analyses using Aleuria Aurantica Lectin (AAL), which is specific for fucosylated structures. An approximately 40 kD protein was found to be highly fucosylated in pancreatic cancer and an N-terminal analysis revealed that it was the beta chain of haptoglobin. While the appearance of fucosylated haptoglobin has been reported in other diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis, gastric cancer and colon cancer, the incidence was significantly higher in the case of pancreatic cancer. Fucosylated haptoglobin was observed more frequently at the advanced stage of pancreatic cancer and disappeared after an operation. A mass spectrometry analysis of haptoglobin purified from the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer and the medium from a pancreatic cancer cell line, PSN-1, showed that the alpha 1-3/alpha 1-4/alpha 1-6 fucosylation of haptoglobin was increased in pancreatic cancer. When a hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, was cultured with the conditioned media from pancreatic cancer cells, haptoglobin secretion was dramatically increased. These findings suggest that fucosylated haptoglobin could serve as a novel marker for pancreatic cancer. Two possibilities were considered in terms of the fucosylation of haptoglobin. One is that pancreatic cancer cells, themselves, produce fucosylated haptoglobin; the other is that pancreatic cancer produces a factor, which induces the production of fucosylated haptoglobin in the liver.
Efficient detection of a spatial spread-spectrum watermark in MPEG video streams (2002)

Watermarking is a technique for embedding imperceptible labels in audio/visual content. Important parameters for any watermarking scheme are imperceptibility, robustness, security, payload, error rates and complexity. In the past few years enormous progress has been made with respect to most of these parameters, except maybe for the latter one. We address this topic of complexity by presenting an efficient method for detecting a spatial video watermark directly in an MPEG video stream. The naive approach would be to do a full MPEG decoding and then apply spatial watermark detection. However, such a full decoding approach would imply large memory and processing resources. We show that, at the cost of a slight decrease of performance, large reductions in complexity are possible. More in particular we show how high speed MPEG parsing, high speed inverse DCT processing and motion compensation can be avoided. On a more abstract level, this paper would like to encourage others to give more prominence to embedding and detection complexity as an important parameter in the design of watermarking schemes.
Characterization of the cassette containing genes for type 3 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. (1995)

The capsular polysaccharide is the major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Previously, we identified and cloned a region from the S. pneumoniae chromosome specific for the production of type 3 capsular polysaccharide. Now, by sequencing the region and characterizing mutations genetically and in an in vitro capsule synthesis assay, we have assigned putative functions to the products of the type-specific genes. Using DNA from the right end of the region in mapping studies, we have obtained further evidence indicating that the capsule genes of each serotype are contained in a gene cassette located adjacent to this region. We have cloned the region flanking the left end of the cassette from the type 3 chromosome and have found that it is repeated in the S. pneumoniae chromosome. The DNA sequence and hybridization data suggest a model for recombination of the capsule gene cassettes that not only describes the replacement of capsule genes, but also suggests an explanation for binary capsule type formation, and the creation of novel capsule types.
Sedimentation Field Flow Fractionation of Liposomes (1982)

Quantitative analyses of the particle size distribution of liposomes were performed in 30 to 60 minutes by exponential-field sedimentation field flow fractionation. This gentle new separation method exhibits great potential for the high-resolution fractionation and the size or molecular weight analysis of a wide variety of biological macromolecules and colloidal suspensions.
<i>Herpes simplex</i> virus type 1 uracil-DNA glycosylase: isolation and selective inhibition by novel uracil derivatives (1993)

We have purified Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1) uracil-DNA glycosylase from the nuclei of HSV1-infected HeLa cells harvested 8 h post-infection, at which time the induction of the enzyme is a maximum. The enzyme has been shown to be distinct from the host enzyme, isolated from HeLa cells, by its lack of sensitivity to a monoclonal antibody to human uracil-DNA glycosylase. Furthermore, several uracil analogues were synthesized and screened for their capacity to discriminate between the viral and human uracil-DNA glycosylases. Both enzymes were inhibited by 6-(p-alkylanilino)uracils, but the viral enzyme was significantly more sensitive than the HeLa enzyme to most analogues. Substituents providing the best inhibitors of HSV1 uracil-DNA glycosylase were found to be in the order: p-n-butyl < p-n-pentl = p-n-hexyl < p-n-heptyl < p-n-octyl. The most potent HSV1 enzyme inhibitor, 6-(p-n-octylanilino)uracil (OctAU), with an IC50 of 8 microM, was highly selective for the viral enzyme. Short-term [3H]thymidine incorporation into the DNA of HeLa cells in culture was partially inhibited by OctAU, whereas it was unchanged when 6-(p-n-hexylanilino)uracil was present at concentrations that completely inhibited HSV1 uracil-DNA glycosylase activity. These compounds represent the first class of inhibitors that inhibit HSV1 uracil-DNA glycosylase at concentrations in the micromolar range. The results suggest their possible use to evaluate the functional role of HSV1 uracil-DNA glycosylase in viral infections and re-activation in nerve cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Halogen‐Substituted 3‐Deazaadenosine and 3‐Deazaguanosine Analogues as Potential Antitumor/Antiviral Agents. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.