gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of the topa quinone cofactor in bacterial monoamine oxidase by cupric ion‐dependent autooxidation of a specific tyrosyl residue (1994)

The quinone of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (topa), recently identified as the covalently bound redox cofactor in copper amine oxidases, is encoded by a specific tyrosine codon. To elucidate the mechanism of its formation, the recombinant phenylethylamine oxidase of Arthrobacter globiformis has been overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified in a Cu(2+)-deficient form. The inactive precursor enzyme thus obtained was dramatically activated upon incubation with Cu2+, concomitantly with the formation of the topa quinone at the position corresponding to Tyr382, occurring in the tetrapeptide sequence highly conserved in this class of enzymes. The topa quinone was produced only under aerobic conditions, but its formation required no external enzymatic systems. These findings demonstrate the Cu(2+)-dependent autooxidation of a specific tyrosyl residue to generate the topa quinone cofactor.
MOCVD Routes to Thin Metal Oxide Films for superconducting electronics (1994)

Superconducting, semiconducting and insulating oxide thin films are of interest for applications as active and passive components in microelectronic device technologies. Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is an important method of thin film production and its use in developing device structures such as that in the figure is discussed. magnified image
3D bioprinting of biomimetic aortic vascular constructs with self‐supporting cells (2014)

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths throughout the world. Vascular diseases are mostly treated with autografts and blood vessel transplantations. However, traditional grafting methods have several problems including lack of suitable harvest sites, additional surgical costs for harvesting procedure, pain, infection, lack of donors, and even no substitutes at all. Recently, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches are used to regenerate damaged or diseased tissues. Most of the tissue engineering investigations have been based on the cell seeding into scaffolds by providing a suitable environment for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Because of the challenges such as difficulties in seeding cells spatially, rejection, and inflammation of biomaterials used, the recent tissue engineering studies focus on scaffold-free techniques. In this paper, the development of novel computer aided algorithms and methods are developed for 3D bioprinting of scaffold-free biomimetic macrovascular structures. Computer model mimicking a real human aorta is generated using imaging techniques and the proposed computational algorithms. An optimized three-dimensional bioprinting path planning are developed with the proposed self-supported model. Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell aggregates and support structures (hydrogels) are 3D bioprinted layer-by-layer according to the proposed self-supported method to form an aortic tissue construct.
Scanning force microscopy of heavy-ion tracks (1993)

Abstract Polycarbonate, polyimide, and glass samples were irradiated with heavy ions in the 11.4–14.0 MeV/amu energy range at the UNILAC of GSI. After etching and partly coating the specimens with a thin gold layer, ion tracks were studied with scanning force microscopy, including imaging in the lateral-force mode. Results on pore features such as the radius as a function of etching time are presented.
Dynamic Mesh Refining and Iterative SubstructureMethod for FilletWelding Thermo-Mechanical Analysis (2015)

Dynamic mesh refining method (DMRM) developed previously was extended to multi-level refinement, and employed to perform thermalmechanical analysis of fillet welding. The DMRM has been successfully incorporated with another efficient technique, the iterative substructure method (ISM) to greatly enhance the computation speed of welding simulation. The basic concept, hierarchical modeling and computation flowchart are described for the proposed method. A flange-to-pipe welding problem has been solved with a commercial code and the novel method to demonstrate its high accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, the numerical analysis was performed on a large scale stiffened welding structure, and comparison of welding deformation between simulation and measurement was shown.
Myostatin modulates adipogenesis to generate adipocytes with favorable metabolic effects (2006)

A pluripotent cell line, C3H10T1/2, is induced to undergo adipogenesis by a mixture of factors that includes a glucocorticoid such as dexamethasone. We found that expression of myostatin (MSTN), a TGF-beta family member extensively studied in muscle, was induced by dexamethasone under those differentiation conditions. Moreover, MSTN could substitute for dexamethasone in the adipogenesis mixture. However, the adipocytes induced by MSTN in both cell culture and transgenic mice were small and expressed markers characteristic of immature adipocytes. These adipocytes exhibited cell-autonomous increases in insulin sensitivity and glucose oxidation. In mice, these effects produced elevated systemic insulin sensitivity and resistance to diet-induced obesity. Modulation of the final stages of adipogenesis may provide a novel approach to understanding and treating metabolic disease.
Generation of 24 T at 4.2 K using a layer-wound GdBCO insert coil with Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn and Nb–Ti external magnetic field coils (2012)

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets are believed to be a practical option in the development of high field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) systems. The development of a 600 MHz NMR system that uses an HTS magnet and a probe with an HTS radio frequency coil is underway. The HTS NMR magnet is expected to reduce the volume occupied by the magnet and to encourage users to install higher field NMR systems. The tolerance to high tensile stress is expected for HTS conductors in order to reduce the magnet in volume. A layer-wound Gd–Ba–Cu–O (GdBCO) insert coil was fabricated in order to investigate its properties under a high electromagnetic force in a high magnetic field. The GdBCO insert coil was successfully operated at a current of up to 321 A and an electromagnetic force BJR of 408 MPa in an external magnetic field generated by Nb3Sn and Nb–Ti low-temperature superconducting coils. The GdBCO insert coil also managed to generate a magnetic field of 6.8 T at the center of the coil in an external magnetic field of 17.2 T. The superconducting magnet consisting of GdBCO, Nb3Sn and Nb–Ti coils successfully generated a magnetic field of 24.0 T at 4.2 K, which represents a new record for a superconducting magnet.
Embedded Pilot-Aided Channel Estimation for OTFS in Delay-Doppler Channels (2018)

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation was shown to provide significant error performance advantages over orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in delay--Doppler channels. In order to detect OTFS modulated data, the channel impulse response needs to be known at the receiver. In this paper, we propose embedded pilot-aided channel estimation schemes for OTFS. In each OTFS frame, we arrange pilot, guard, and data symbols in the delay--Doppler plane to suitably avoid interference between pilot and data symbols at the receiver. We develop such symbol arrangements for OTFS over multipath channels with integer and fractional Doppler shifts, respectively. At the receiver, channel estimation is performed based on a threshold method and the estimated channel information is used for data detection via a message passing (MP) algorithm. Thanks to our specific embedded symbol arrangements, both channel estimation and data detection are performed within the same OTFS frame with a minimum overhead. We compare by simulations the error performance of OTFS using the proposed channel estimation and OTFS with ideally known channel information and observe only a marginal performance loss. We also demonstrate that the proposed channel estimation in OTFS significantly outperforms OFDM with known channel information. Finally, we present extensions of the proposed schemes to MIMO and multi-user uplink/downlink.
Involving patients in clinical audit (1994)

This paper examines whether and how patients might be more involved in clinical audit, and it suggests an alternative, or rather complementary, approach called consumer audit. This gives patients a much more central role, despite the odds being stacked against them in a professional culture which made it acceptable for a 1989 working paper on medical audit to state quite unequivocally that "the quality of medical work can only be reviewed by a doctor's peers."
CANNA: Neural network acceleration using configurable approximation on GPGPU (2018)

Neural networks have been successfully used in many applications. Due to their computational complexity, it is difficult to implement them on embedded devices. Neural networks are inherently approximate and thus can be simplified. In this paper, CANNA proposes a gradual training approximation which adaptively sets the level of hardware approximation depending on the neural network's internal error, instead of apply uniform hardware approximation. To accelerate inference, CANNA's layer-based approximation approach selectively relaxes the computation in each layer of neural network, as a function its sensitivity to approximation. For hardware support, we use a configurable floating point unit in Hardware that dynamically identifies inputs which produce the largest approximation error and process them instead in precise mode. We evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of our design by integrating configurable FPUs into AMD's Southern Island GPU architecture. Our experimental evaluation shows that CANNA achieves up to 4.84× (7.13×) energy savings and 3.22× (4.64×) speedup when training four different neural network applications with 0% (2%) quality loss as compared to the implementation on baseline GPU. During the inference phase, our layer-based approach improves the energy efficiency by 4.42× (6.06×) and results in 2.96× (3.98×) speedup while ensuring 0% (2%) quality loss.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Clusters Containing N‐Donor Ligands (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A validated gRNA library for CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of the human glycosyltransferase genome (2017)

Over 200 glycosyltransferases are involved in the orchestration of the biosynthesis of the human glycome, which is comprised of all glycan structures found on different glycoconjugates in cells. The glycome is vast, and despite advancements in analytic strategies it continues to be difficult to decipher biological roles of glycans with respect to specific glycan structures, type of glycoconjugate, particular glycoproteins, and distinct glycosites on proteins. In contrast to this, the number of glycosyltransferase genes involved in the biosynthesis of the human glycome is manageable, and the biosynthetic roles of most of these enzymes are defined or can be predicted with reasonable confidence. Thus, with the availability of the facile CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool it now seems easier to approach investigation of the functions of the glycome through genetic dissection of biosynthetic pathways, rather than by direct glycan analysis. However, obstacles still remain with design and validation of efficient gene targeting constructs, as well as with the interpretation of results from gene targeting and the translation of gene function to glycan structures. This is especially true for glycosylation steps covered by isoenzyme gene families. Here, we present a library of validated high-efficiency gRNA designs suitable for individual and combinatorial targeting of the human glycosyltransferase genome together with a global view of the predicted functions of human glycosyltransferases to facilitate and guide gene targeting strategies in studies of the human glycome.
First report of diarrheic shellfish toxins in mollusks from Buenos Aires province (Argentina) associated with dinophysis spp.: evidence of okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 and their acylderivatives (2012)

In January 2010, the toxin-producing dinoflagellates Dinophysis acuminata and D. caudata (10³ cells·l-1) were detected in Mar Azul during routine plankton monitoring in Buenos Aires Province coastal waters, Argentina. Wild clams Mesodesma mactroides and Donax hanleyanus from Mar Azul intertidal beach, which are part of the diet for local inhabitants and tourists, tested positive with the offcial lipophilic mouse bioassay. This paper focuses on the detection of Diarrhetic Shellfsh Poison (DSP) toxins in these samples using a HPLC-FLD pre column derivatization procedure. The data showed that shellfish were contaminated with complex DSP toxin profiles composed of Okadaic Acid (OA), Dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), Acyl-Dinophysistoxin-1 (Acyl-DTX-1) and Acyl-Okadaic Acid (Acyl-OA). The DSP toxins found in this study produce diarrhea symptoms consistent with those experienced by patients who had ingested cooked shellfish in January. This is the first report of Acyl-derivatives in South American Atlantic shellfish samples and of OA in Argentinean shellfish samples.<br>Primer reporte de toxinas diarreicas de moluscos en bivalvos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) asociado con Dinophysis spp.: evidencia de Ácido Okadaico, Dinophysistoxina-1 y sus acyl-derivados. En enero de 2010, los dinoflagelados productores de toxinas Dinophysis acuminata y D. caudata (10³ cells·l-1) fueron detectados en Mar Azul durante un monitoreo rutinario de fitoplancton realizado en aguas costeras de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Mesodesma mactroides (almeja amarilla) y Donax hanleyanus (berberecho) del intermareal de Mar Azul, que son parte de la dieta de los habitantes del lugar y de turistas, dieron resultado positivo para toxinas lipofílicas mediante bioensayo ratón. Este trabajo está focalizado en la detección de Toxinas Diarreicas de Moluscos (DSP) en muestras colectadas durante el evento de toxicidad usando un HPLC-FLD con procedimiento de derivatización precolumna. Los datos evidenciaron contaminación de los moluscos con toxinas DSP y un perfil compuesto por Ácido Okadaico (OA), Dinophysistoxina-1 (DTX-1), Acyl-Dinophysistoxina-1 (Acyl-DTX-1) y Acyl-Ácido Okadaico (Acyl-OA). Las toxinas DSP encontradas en este estudio producen síntomas de diarrea consistentes con los experimentados por los pacientes que habían ingerido moluscos cocinados en enero. Este es el primer reporte de Acyl-derivados en muestras de moluscos procedentes del Atlántico Sudamericano y de OA en muestras de moluscos procedentes de Argentina.
Full area pattern decomposition of self-aligned double patterning for 30nm node NAND FLASH process (2010)

Self Aligned Double Patterning (SADP) has the advantage of dense array definition with good pitch control and is hence useful for memory devices; but its feasibility of two-dimensional circuit patterns definition is restricted on the other hand. In SPIE 2009, we had proposed the ideas of 30nm node NAND FLASH cell circuit critical feature (pickup, gate, contact array) decomposition by SADP, based on manual design. The concerns of process integration as well as SADP alignment algorithm for each mask step were investigated and countermeasures were presented. In this paper, the previous works on manual-based pattern decomposition are extended to a more sophisticated use on full-area NAND FLASH critical layer layout decomposition by utilizing an automated electronic design (EDA) tool. The decomposition tool together with OPC and simulation tools are integrated to optimize the lithographic performance of local critical patterns in each decomposed mask step, and comparisons have been made as well to investigate the differences in layout splitting algorithm between EDA-based and manual-based decomposition. Finally, the full-area (9350×12800um) layout decomposition has been successfully demonstrated on NAND FLASH Gate and Metal critical layers by using the EDA tool with improved 2D structure handling algorithms.
THE TRUE HISTORY OF THE GHOST (2012)

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Effect of oral intake of capsaicinoid beadlets on catecholamine secretion and blood markers of lipolysis in healthy adults: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind, cross-over study (2010)

Ingestion of low dose (2 mg) Capsimax was associated with an increase in blood FFA and glycerol at selected times post ingestion, as compared to placebo. However, Capsimax had no differing effect on EPI or NE compared to placebo. Lastly, no difference was noted in HR, SBP, or DBP between placebo and Capsimax.
Sorption and diffusion of water vapor in polyimide films (1992)

Abstract Sorption and diffusion of water vapor are investigated gravimetrically for polyimide films. The activity dependence of the solubility and diffusion coefficients, S and D , respectively, is classified under four types: (1) constant S and D type, (2) dual‐mode sorption and transport type, (3) dual‐mode type followed by a deviation due to a plasticization effect at high vapor activity, and (4) constant S and D type followed by a deviation due to water cluster formation at high activity. For the dual‐mode type, the Henry's law component is much larger than the Langmuir component except at low activity, and therefore deviation in behavior from the first type is small. S is larger for polyimides with higher content of polar groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, and sulfonyl. D is larger for polyimides with a higher fraction of free space, with some exceptions. The polyimide from 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and dimethyl‐3,7‐diaminodibenzothiophene‐5, 5‐dioxide belongs to the third type and displays both large S and large D . The polyimide from 2,2‐ bis (3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride and 4,4′‐oxydianiline belongs to the fourth type, and has the largest D but rather small S because of the hydrophobic C(CF 3 ) 2 groups. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient Strategies for Microglia Replacement in the Central Nervous System (2020)

Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Dysfunctions of gene-deficient microglia contribute to the development and progression of multiple CNS diseases. Microglia replacement by nonself cells has been proposed to treat microglia-associated disorders. However, some attempts have failed due to low replacement efficiency, such as with the traditional bone marrow transplantation approach. In this study, we develop three efficient strategies for microglia replacement: microglia replacement by bone marrow transplantation (mrBMT), microglia replacement by peripheral blood (mrPB), and microglia replacement by microglia transplantation (mrMT). mrBMT and mrPB allow microglia-like cells to efficiently replace resident microglia in the whole CNS. On the other hand, mrMT achieves microglia replacement in brain regions of interest. In summary, the present study offers effective tactics for microglia replacement with diverse application scenarios, which potentially opens up a window on treating microglia-associated CNS disorders.
Riluzole enhances the anti-seizure action of conventional antiepileptic drugs against pentetrazole-induced convulsions in mice. (2005)

Riluzole, a pre- and postsynaptic modulator of glutamate transmission, administered alone at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg did not affect pentetrazole-evoked seizures in mice. However, it enhanced the anti-seizure action of valproate, phenobarbital, ethosuximide, although not that of clonazepam, in this model of experimental epilepsy. Keeping in mind that riluzole did not change plasma levels of antiepileptic drugs, a pharmacokinetic interaction, at least in terms of free plasma levels, does not seem probable. Regarding undesired effects, riluzole (5 mg/kg) and its combination with valproate did not produce any motor or long-term memory impairment. In contrast, the concomitant treatment of riluzole (5 mg/kg) with valproate (144 mg/kg), phenobarbital (4.9 mg/kg), or ethosuximide (90 mg/kg), resulted in a moderate motor deficit, but not long-term memory impairment in the tested mice. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that riluzole might occur effective as an additive drug in the treatment of myoclonic or absence epilepsy in humans.
At-speed testing of SOC ICs (2004)

This paper discusses the aspects and associated requirements of design and implementation of at-speed scan testing. It also demonstrates some important vector generation and implementation procedures based on a real design. An innovative method of scan pattern timing creation based on the results from static timing analysis is presented. The paper also describes the usage of a clock control module on J750 tester, which creates fast clock by combining two tester channels with high edge placement accuracy. These methods allow a short test pattern preparation time and the use of low-cost test equipment, while providing the high quality at-speed testing.
Prediction of mechanical properties of human atherosclerotic tissue by high-frequency intravascular ultrasound imaging. An in vitro study. (1992)

Intravascular ultrasound may be useful for studying the natural history of atherosclerotic lesions of different morphologies and for guiding interventional strategies. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that tissue appearance by intravascular ultrasound is related to the biomechanical properties of atheroma components. Forty-three atheroma caps were obtained from the abdominal aortas of 22 patients at autopsy and studied with an ultrasensitive, servo-controlled spectrometer. By measuring the static strain caused by increasing levels of compressive stress from 30 to 90 mm Hg, the uniaxial unconfined compression stiffness (ratio of stress to strain) was determined. After mechanical testing, specimens were imaged with a 6F, 20-MHz intravascular ultrasound transducer, and images were interpreted by an investigator who was unaware of the mechanical measurements. Specimens were classified as nonfibrous (n = 14), fibrous (n = 18), or calcified (n = 11) based on intravascular ultrasound appearance. The static stiffnesses of the nonfibrous, fibrous, and calcified ultrasound classes were 41.2 +/- 18.8 kPa, 81.7 +/- 33.2 kPa, and 354.5 +/- 245.4 kPa, respectively (p = 0.0002 by analysis of variance). The times to reach static equilibrium (creep time) for the nonfibrous, fibrous, and calcified classes were 79.6 +/- 26.5 minutes, 50.2 +/- 20.0 minutes, and 19.4 +/- 8.1 minutes, respectively (p = 0.0007). Intravascular ultrasound appearance was most significantly related to biomechanical behavior when calcium deposits were noted; the differences in biomechanical behavior between nonfibrous and fibrous tissue appearances were less apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)