gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Expression of a Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Phosphatidylserine Synthase cDNA (1999)

We describe the cloning of a wheat cDNA (TaPSS1) that encodes a phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) and provides the first strong evidence for the existence of this enzyme in a higher eukaryotic cell. The cDNA was isolated on its ability to confer increased resistance to aluminum toxicity when expressed in yeast. The sequence of the predicted protein encoded by TaPSS1 shows homology to PSS from both yeast and bacteria but is distinct from the animal PSS enzymes that catalyze base-exchange reactions. In wheat, Southern blot analysis identified the presence of a small family of genes that cross-hybridized to TaPSS1, and Northern blots showed that aluminum induced TaPSS1 expression in root apices. Expression of TaPSS1 complemented the yeast cho1 mutant that lacks PSS activity and altered the phospholipid composition of wild type yeast, with the most marked effect being increased abundance of phosphatidylserine (PS). Arabidopsis thaliana leaves overexpressing TaPSS1 showed a marked enhancement in PSS activity, which was associated with increased biosynthesis of PS at the expense of both phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. Unlike mammalian cells where PS accumulation is tightly regulated even when the capacity for PS biosynthesis is increased, plant cells accumulated large amounts of PS when TaPSS1 was overexpressed. High levels of TaPSS1 expression in Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) led to the appearance of necrotic lesions on leaves, which may have resulted from the excessive accumulation of PS. The cloning of TaPSS1 now provides evidence that the yeast pathway for PS synthesis exists in some plant tissues and provides a tool for understanding the pathways of phospholipid biosynthesis and their regulation in plants.
Detecting Adversarial Perturbations with Saliency (2018)

In this paper we propose a novel method for detecting adversarial examples by training a binary classifier with both origin data and saliency data. In the case of image classification model, saliency simply explain how the model make decisions by identifying significant pixels for prediction. A model shows wrong classification output always learns wrong features and shows wrong saliency as well. Our approach shows good performance on detecting adversarial perturbations. We quantitatively evaluate generalization ability of the detector, showing that detectors trained with strong adversaries perform well on weak adversaries.
Polymer-Enhanced Foams Part 1: Laboratory Development And Evaluation (1994)

SUMMARY A laboratory study was conducted to identify pertinent properties and features of polymer-enhanced foams (PEFs). In addition, initial development of acrylamide-polymer oil-recovery PEFs was completed. Polymer addition to the aqueous phase of conventional foams resulted in foams of enhanced viscosity and stability. Based on findings of this laboratory study, PEFs appear to be attractive conformance-improvement fluids and attractive mobility-control fluids for use in naturally fractured reservoirs. The acrylamide-polymer PEFs promoted exceptionally high effective viscosities and were much more stable than conventional oil-recovery foams. Effective viscosities of the PEFs were comparable to the viscosities of the polymer solutions from which the PEFs were derived. PEFs exhibited shear-thinning viscosity behavior which makes them attractive for use as mobility-control fluids. The following parameters relating to PEFs were studied: polymer properties and concentration, surfactant types and concentration, aqueous phase viscosity, absolute pressure, foam quality (volume fraction gas), gas type, stability in glassware, rheology and the effect of shear, critical pressure gradient for flow, and briefly, temperature and brine makeup chemistries. Stability of PEFs in glassware was much better than that of counterpart conventional foams. PEFs were successfully formulated over a broad range of foam qualities, and the viscosity performance of the PEFs was highly insensitive to foam quality. A PEF was more efficient than brine or two polymer solutions at displacing a viscous oil (25:1 oil:water viscosity ratio) in an ideal fracture model. Much of the experimental work involved constant-differential-pressure flooding experiments performed in high-permeability sandpacks. PEFs were successfully formulated with nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane as the gas phase. The study was limited to PEFs for application within fractures of naturally fractured reservoirs and to PEFs that are to be generated above-ground prior to injection. Only the addition of acrylamide polymers to foams was considered. A large majority of the PEFs were formulated with alpha olefin sulfonates as the foaming surfactant.
Advances and Trends in Chemically Doped Graphene (2020)

Abstract Chemically doped graphene materials are fascinating because these have different desirable attributes with possible synergy. The inert and gapless nature of graphene can be changed by adding a small number of heteroatoms to substitute carbon in the lattice. The doped material may display superior catalytic activities; durable, fast, and selective sensing; improved magnetic moments; photoresponses; and activity in chemical reactions. In the current review, recent advances are covered in chemically doped graphene. First, the different types of heteroatoms, their bonding configurations, and briefly their properties are discussed. This is followed by the description of various synthesis and analytical methods essential for assessing the characteristics of heterographene with specific focus on the selected graphene materials of different dopants (particularly, single dopants, including N, B, S, P, first three halogens, Ge, and Ga, and codopants, such as N/O), and more importantly, up‐to‐date applications enabled by the intentional doping. Finally, outlook and perspectives section review the existing challenges, future opportunities, and possible ways to improve the graphitic materials. The goal is to update and inspire the readers to establish novel doped graphene with valuable properties and for current and futuristic applications.
A step further in the SATE mononucleotide prodrug approach (2008)

Synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV activity, stability studies as well as potential for oral absorption of some novel phenyl S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) phosphotriester derivatives of AZT (zidovudine; 3'-azido-2',3'- dideoxythymidine) are reported herein. These mononucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides) are characterized by the presence of polar (amino or hydroxyl) functions on the SATE biolabile phosphate protections. Whereas pronucleotides incorporating an amino residue in the vicinity of the thioester functionality display low chemical stability, the introduction of one or two hydroxyl groups on the SATE moiety confers high resistance of the resulting prodrugs towards esterase hydrolysis. Thus, one of these pronucleotides, derivative 2, was able to cross a Caco-2 cell monolayer mainly in intact form, probing that its further development is warranted as a possible HIV-pronucleotide candidate.
Metal Processing Using Selective Laser Sintering and Hot Isostatic Pressing (SLSIHIP) (2018)

In July of 1995 the Office of Naval Research (ONR) awarded a contract to Loral Vought\nSystems entitled Low Cost Metal Processing Using SLSIHIP. The two-phase, four-year program\nis co-sponsored by ONR and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA. The\nprogram addresses the DoD and Navy need to improve the reprocurement, remanufacture and\nrepair methodology for high value metal parts. The specific program objective is to develop and\ndemonstrate Selec~:ve Laser Sintering (SLS) as a lower cost, flexible and faster method of\nfabricating spare and replacement, small/medium sized powder metal parts for DoD weapon\nsystems. Current activity is f~cused on development of a high temperature SLS workstation and\non selective laser sintering trials on candidate metal powders including Inconel, molybdenum\nand titanium.
Coordination oligomers and a coordination polymer of zinc tetraarylporphyrins (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoordination oligomers and a coordination polymer of zinc tetraarylporphyrinsEverly B. Fleischer and Amy M. ShachterCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 19, 3763–3769Publication Date (Print):September 18, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00019a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00019a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2104Altmetric-Citations228LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ASABF, a Novel Cysteine-rich Antibacterial Peptide Isolated from the Nematode Ascaris suum (1996)

Previously, we reported antibacterial activity in the body fluid of the nematode Ascaris suum (Kato, Y. (1995) Zool. Sci. 12, 225-230). The antibacterial activity is due to a heat-stable and trypsin-sensitive molecule that was designated as ASABF (A. suum antibacterial factor). In the present study, the purification, determination of primary structure, and cDNA cloning of ASABF were carried out. The mature peptide of ASABF is a basic peptide consisting of 71 residues and containing four intramolecular disulfide bridges. The amino acid sequence of a precursor for ASABF, deduced from a cDNA clone, indicates that flanking peptides both at the N terminus and at the C terminus are eliminated by processing. ASABF exhibits potent antibacterial activity particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. ASABF has several features that resemble those of insect/arthropod defensins, whereas the statistical significance of the similarity is not observed on comparison of amino acid sequences. A search of data bases revealed ASABF homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Statistics and Econometric Models (1995)

This is the first volume in a major two-volume set of advanced texts in econometrics. It is essentially a text in statistics which is adapted to deal with economic phenomena. Christian Gourieroux and Alain Monfort have written a text which synthesises a great deal of material scattered across a variety of books and journals. They present both the basic and the more sophisticated statistical models which are crucial to an understanding of econometric models, and have taken care to employ mathematical tools with which a majority of students with a basic course in econometrics will be familiar. One of the most attractive features of the books is the liberal use throughout of real-world economic examples. They are also distinctive for their emphasis on promoting an intuitive understanding of the models and results at the expense of overly technical discussions.
High Pseudocapacitance from Ultrathin V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Films Electrodeposited on Self‐Standing Carbon‐Nanofiber Paper (2011)

Abstract An ultrathin V 2 O 5 layer was electrodeposited by cyclic voltammetry on a self‐standing carbon‐nanofiber paper, which was obtained by stabilization and heat‐treatment of an electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based nanofiber paper. A very‐high capacitance of 1308 F g −1 was obtained in a 2 M KCl electrolyte when the contribution from the 3 nm thick vanadium oxide was considered alone, contributing to over 90% of the total capacitance (214 F g −1 ) despite the low weight percentage of the V 2 O 5 (15 wt%). The high capacitance of the V 2 O 5 is attributed to the large external surface area of the carbon nanofibers and the maximum number of active sites for the redox reaction of the ultrathin V 2 O 5 layer. This ultrathin layer is almost completely accessible to the electrolyte and thus results in maximum utilization of the oxide (i.e., minimization of dead volume). This hypothesis was experimentally evaluated by testing V 2 O 5 layers of different thicknesses.
Location assisted handoffs in dense cellular networks (2014)

We conduct an extensive measurement study in an operational cellular network in dense urban settings and identify two key sources of inefficiencies in standard 3GPP handoff technique: wrong timing of handoff and sub-optimal base station association at a point. Based on our study, we propose a novel handoff technique that leverages (1) historical geo-tagged signal strength data from visible base stations at typical mobile user locations and (2) knowledge of the user trajectory. First, we formulate the handoff problem as a bi-criteria optimization problem and present a dynamic programming formulation that provides pareto-optimal solutions that maximize overall signal strength along user trajectory for a range of handoffs. Using an efficient utility based selection technique, we select a solution that balances the tradeoff between reducing number of handoffs and increasing the overall signal strength experienced by the user. Next, we present a much faster greedy heuristic that augments the solution obtained from the dynamic programming formulation when optimizing user performance in the presence of dynamic network load at each base station. A key contribution of our work is to show that striking a tradeoff between the two objectives is much harder in dense macro cellular base station deployments and an effective handoff technique should balance both these objectives well. We show that our technique takes a well balanced approach and achieves more than 25% reduction in the number of handoffs over the standard 3GPP handoff technique in an operational cellular network without incurring reduction in average signal strength, and even improving it by 1dB/sec in some cases. Finally, we propose a novel 3GPP standards compliant trajectory-aware location based handoff protocol and discuss the practical implementation aspects in cellular networks.
Deep Learning for Detecting Robotic Grasps (2013)

We consider the problem of detecting robotic grasps in an RGB-D view of a scene containing objects. In this work, we apply a deep learning approach to solve this problem, which avoids time-consuming hand-design of features. This presents two main challenges. First, we need to evaluate a huge number of candidate grasps. In order to make detection fast, as well as robust, we present a two-step cascaded structure with two deep networks, where the top detections from the first are re-evaluated by the second. The first network has fewer features, is faster to run, and can effectively prune out unlikely candidate grasps. The second, with more features, is slower but has to run only on the top few detections. Second, we need to handle multimodal inputs well, for which we present a method to apply structured regularization on the weights based on multimodal group regularization. We demonstrate that our method outperforms the previous state-of-the-art methods in robotic grasp detection, and can be used to successfully execute grasps on a Baxter robot. 1
Natural music evokes correlated EEG responses reflecting temporal structure and beat (2020)

The brain activity of multiple subjects has been shown to synchronize during salient moments of natural stimuli, suggesting that correlation of neural responses indexes a brain state operationally termed 'engagement'. While past electroencephalography (EEG) studies have considered both auditory and visual stimuli, the extent to which these results generalize to music-a temporally structured stimulus for which the brain has evolved specialized circuitry-is less understood. Here we investigated neural correlation during natural music listening by recording EEG responses from N=48 adult listeners as they heard real-world musical works, some of which were temporally disrupted through shuffling of short-term segments (measures), reversal, or randomization of phase spectra. We measured correlation between multiple neural responses (inter-subject correlation) and between neural responses and stimulus envelope fluctuations (stimulus-response correlation) in the time and frequency domains. Stimuli retaining basic musical features, such as rhythm and melody, elicited significantly higher behavioral ratings and neural correlation than did phase-scrambled controls. However, while unedited songs were self-reported as most pleasant, time-domain correlations were highest during measure-shuffled versions. Frequency-domain measures of correlation (coherence) peaked at frequencies related to the musical beat, although the magnitudes of these spectral peaks did not explain the observed temporal correlations. Our findings show that natural music evokes significant inter-subject and stimulus-response correlations, and suggest that the neural correlates of musical 'engagement' may be distinct from those of enjoyment.
A New Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Field-Effect Transistor Fabricated on Undoped AlGaAs–GaAs Heterostructure (1984)

A new two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) field-effect transistor (FET) which operates in an MOS transistor-like mode is fabricated on undoped AlGaAs–GaAs heterostructures grown by both molecular beam epitaxy and organometallic vapour phase epitaxy. This device with very simple structure is expected to have performance comparable to those of selectively doped heterostructure FETs and can easily be integrated.
Thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon–filled liquid crystal polymer composites (2005)

Abstract The thermal and electrical conductivity of resins can be increased by adding conductive carbon fillers. One emerging market for thermally and electrically conductive resins is for bipolar plates for use in fuel cells. In this study, varying amounts of five different types of carbon, one carbon black, two synthetic graphites, one natural flake graphite, and one calcined needle coke, were added to Vectra A950RX Liquid Crystal Polymer. The resulting composites containing only one type of filler were then tested for thermal and electrical conductivity. The objective of this work was to determine which carbon filler produced a composite with the highest thermal and electrical conductivity. The results showed that composites containing Thermocarb TC‐300 synthetic graphite particles had the highest thermal and electrical conductivity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99; 1552–1558, 2006
Rotational Diffusion Coefficient (or Rotational Mobility) of a Nanorod in the Free-Molecular Regime (2013)

The corrected rotational diffusion coefficient for a rod in the free molecular regime is given in this work and a simplified derivation using the differential drag forces for a rotating rod in the free molecular regime is presented to explain the difference between our result and the one from Kim's approach. Finally, we compare the rotational diffusion coefficient between a rod and an ellipsoid with the same aspect ratio and the same volume. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Hereditary amelogenesis imperfecta. I. Epidemiology and clinical classification in a Swedish child population. (1985)

This study was performed in order to classify different hereditary enamel defects and to estimate their prevalence in a Swedish population. 425,000 children 3-19 years of age were screened in the Public Dental Service for suspected hereditary enamel defects in a well-defined region of Sweden. 182 of the 193 affected children were available for a thorough examination performed by one of the authors. 105 (58%) of these children could be diagnosed as Hereditary Amelogenesis Imperfecta (H.A.I.). 62 (34%) children exhibited enamel defects not related to H.A.I. and in 15 (8%) children no definite diagnosis could be made concerning H.A.I. The group of children diagnosed as H.A.I. could be classified into 12 different clinical subgroups based on two basic types, the hypoplastic and the hypomineralized. 63 of the 105 children showed the hypoplastic type of H.A.I. and 42 the hypomineralized type of H.A.I. Hypomineralized areas of the teeth were a common secondary finding in the hypoplastic type of H.A.I. Usually clinical signs of hereditary enamel defects could be identified both in the primary and in the permanent dentition. The prevalence of H.A.I. in the population studied was estimated to be 1 in 4,000.
Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition Induced by Multifunctional CNT Frameworks for Stable Flexible Zn‐Ion Batteries (2019)

Abstract The current boom of safe and renewable energy storage systems is driving the recent renaissance of Zn‐ion batteries. However, the notorious tip‐induced dendrite growth on the Zn anode restricts their further application. Herein, the first demonstration of constructing a flexible 3D carbon nanotube (CNT) framework as a Zn plating/stripping scaffold is constituted to achieve a dendrite‐free robust Zn anode. Compared with the pristine deposited Zn electrode, the as‐fabricated Zn/CNT anode affords lower Zn nucleation overpotential and more homogeneously distributed electric field, thus being more favorable for highly reversible Zn plating/stripping with satisfactory Coulombic efficiency rather than the formation of Zn dendrites or other byproducts. As a consequence, a highly flexible symmetric cell based on the Zn/CNT anode presents appreciably low voltage hysteresis (27 mV) and superior cycling stability (200 h) with dendrite‐free morphology at 2 mA cm −2 , accompanied by a high depth of discharge (DOD) of 28%. Such distinct performance overmatches most of recently reported Zn‐based anodes. Additionally, this efficient rechargeability of the Zn/CNT anode also enables a substantially stable Zn//MnO 2 battery with 88.7% capacity retention after 1000 cycles and remarkable mechanical flexibility.
A Method for Manufacturing Reduced Fat Mozzarella Cheese (1994)

to contain up to 50% less fat than conventional part-skim Mozzarella cheese. Milk, which had been standardized to a casein to fat ratio of 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, or 2.4, was inoculated with single strains of Lactobacillus helveticus and Streptococcus salivanus ssp. themphilus. A new manufacturing procedure was used to retain moisture in the cheese as at percentages decreased and protein increased. Stretch, melt, and cook color were evaluated at 1, 7, 14, and 28 d during storage at 4'C. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences in stretch, melt, or cook color between cheeses with different casein to fat ratios. Cheese made with a casein to fat ratio of 2.4 retained more stretch over 28 d than did cheese with lower casein to fat ratios. Stretch decreased and melt increased significantly for all cheeses during storage for 28 d. The stretch and melt characteristics of Mozzarella cheese containing up to 50% less fat were similar to the partskim Mozzarella reference cheese.