gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate registration and failure detection in tissue micro array images (2008)

Image-to-image registration is well-studied, but the challenge of automatically validating registration results remains. In many applications, registration performance is still visually inspected. In Tissue microarrays (TMAs), there are usually hundreds of tissues on a single glass slide, making visual inspection almost impossible. In cases where the TMA slide has to be removed from the microscope and replaced (e.g., in sequential staining, temporal studies, and change analysis), the images on the TMA need to be registered to the corresponding images in the previous steps. The registration has to be robust since undetected registration failure will lead to inaccurate results in subsequent analysis. In this work, we present an automated system to register images of corresponding tissue samples in a TMA, detect registration failures accurately, and automatically re-initialize registration in such cases. The system is image-independent, and reduces the number of cases where the images need to be visually validated. The system has been applied in a study of sequential fluorescent staining of tissue samples on a TMA slide, with 99.88% registration accuracy.
Bridging the application and DBMS profiling divide for database application developers (2007)

�� � ������� � �������tools for profiling and tuning application code remain disconnected from the profiling and tuning tools for relational DBMSs. This makes it challenging for developers of database applications to profile, tune and debug their applications, for example, identifying application code that causes deadlocks in the server. We have developed an infrastructure that simultaneously captures both the application context as well as the database context, thereby enabling a rich class of tuning, profiling and debugging tasks that is not possible today. We have built a tool using this infrastructure that enables developers to seamlessly profile, tune and debug ADO.NET applications over Microsoft SQL Server by taking advantage of information across the application and database contexts. We describe and evaluate several tasks that can be accomplished using this tool. 1.
Sensors for Small Molecules of Biochemical Interest Based on Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: the Challenges of Preparing Enhancing Materials for Real-World Applications (2007)

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been advanced as a high sensitivity method for the detection, identification and quantification of small molecules of biological interest. In the case of SERS, selectivity can be introduced at the molecular level by chemical modification of the particles' surfaces to increase binding of the target analyte. The focus falls on finding methods and developing strategies which will allow quantitative SERS measurements to be made. An important first step is preparation of enhancing media which reliably produce the same levels of enhancement but if the technique is to be used routinely it is also important that the media are sufficiently inexpensive that they can be discarded after a single use.
Recent Developments In Fluoro-containing Polyamideimides (1990)

The synthesis, characterization and development of a new generation of fluoro-containing polyamideimide (PAI) polymers are described in this paper. The polymers are generally prepared by forming the polycondensation product of an aromatic diamine, a trifunctional aromatic anhydride acid chloride and an aromatic dianhydride containing trifluoromethyl moieties. These new materials possess high glass transition temperatures, useful mechanical properties and outstanding thermoplastic flow behavior which render them readily melt processable into fibers, films, sheets and other molded articles. The as-precipitated fluoro-containing PAI materials are soluble in many organic solvents and are thus amenable to solution casting techniques. They also show excellent resistance towards thermooxidative degradation at temperatures to 450°F and have low moisture uptake. In addition, compatible blends with polybenzimidazole (PBI) resin have yield synergistic effects on the mechanical properties of the resulting polymer.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Screening of Enhanced Oil Recovery Materials for Reservoir-Specific Applications (2019)

Abstract The global average Recovery Factor (RF) in oil fields is only about 20-40%. A possible reason for such a low RF might be that Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques are not yet broadly applied. This could be for economic reasons, concerns regarding the effectiveness of EOR and potential damage to the reservoir, or the lack of reservoir-specific recommendations. In this contribution, we introduce a methodology that selects EOR materials for specific reservoir conditions by using Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods. We investigate the consistency of the screening results with the results obtained by state-of-the-art techniques that are used to identify EOR methods only, i.e., without EOR material specificity. Our method correlates physical and chemical representations of injection fluids, including EOR materials, with reservoir-specific information on lithology, porosity, permeability, as well as oil, water and salt conditions. We have used machine learning on the combined data set in order to provide recommendation for EOR cocktail for injection fluids. Reservoir specific data input on rock, oil, and water conditions available in well logs is transformed by the AI model into a reservoir-specific recommendation of EOR candidate materials for optimized EOR effectiveness. The screening criteria are ranked based on EOR effectiveness and the similarity of key reservoir parameters at pore scale. Methodologically, a Naïve Bayes Classifier with 10-fold cross-validation over the full training data set classified all instances with an accuracy of up to 90%. In order to compare with the EOR method screening criteria typically used in the industry, we have created a test data set containing instances based on averaged parameter values for representing each EOR method. In this case, our method is capable of classifying the test data set with nearly 100% accuracy. Our methodology allows to produce recommendations for EOR cocktails, including concentrations of their chemical components, for specific reservoir conditions that are readily available through well logs.
Association of lipoprotein lipase S447X, apolipoprotein E exon 4, and apoC3 −455T>C polymorphisms on the susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy (2006)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. In DN patients, triglyceride (TG) level is elevated and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, which hydrolyzes TG, is decreased. The LPL S447X and apolipoprotein E (APOE) exon 4 polymorphisms affect TG levels, and the APOC3 -455T>C polymorphism affects LPL activity. Our aim was to examine the association of these polymorphisms with nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. We examined these polymorphisms in a case-control study of type 2 diabetic patients including 374 with DN and 392 without DN. LPL 447X-containing genotypes (447X+) were significantly decreased in DN patients [18.6 vs 25.6%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, p = 0.02], as were APOE epsilon3/epsilon3 genotypes (64.8 vs 73.1%, OR = 0.68, p = 0.01). In addition, combinations of genotypes [APOE epsilon3/epsilon3 and LPL 447X+ (OR = 0.56), APOC3 CC and LPL 447X+ (OR = 0.31), APOE epsilon3/epsilon3 and APOC3 CC (OR = 0.61] were protective for DN compared with the most common combination of the respective polymorphisms. Our findings suggest the importance of interactions among lipid genes in modulating the risk of DN.
Hydrogel Scaffolds of Amphiphilic and Acidic <i>β</i>‐Sheet Peptides (2008)

Abstract Amphiphilic and acidic β ‐sheet‐forming peptides (AA β Ps) having the sequence Pro‐Y‐(Z‐Y) 5 ‐Pro, Y = Glu or Asp and Z = Phe or Leu may assemble into hydrogel structures at near neutral pH values, several units higher than the intrinsic p K a of their acidic amino acid side chains. The bottom‐to‐top design strategy enables the rationally supported association between the peptides' amino acids composition and bulk pH hydrogelation. Hydrogen bonds between the acidic amino acids side chains in the β ‐sheet structure are found to contribute substantially to the stabilization of AA β Ps hydrogels. The negatively charged peptides are also found to form gels at lower concentration in presence of calcium ions. Bone forming cells may be cultured on two‐dimensional films of AA β Ps hydrogels that form at physiological pH values as well as within three dimensional hydrogel matrices. These acidic‐rich peptides hydrogels may become advantageous in applications related to engineering of mineralized tissues providing controllable, multifunctional calcified scaffolds to affect both the biological activity and the inorganic mineralization.
Detection of Bladder Cancer Using Novel DNA Methylation Biomarkers in Urine Sediments (2011)

The panel of biomarker deserves validation in a large well-controlled prospectively collected sample set.
Dynamic Optical Coherence Elastography of the Anterior Eye: Understanding the Biomechanics of the Limbus (2020)

We demonstrated that wave-based OCE can be utilized to assess limbus biomechanical properties. Moreover, experimental evidence showed that the corneo-scleral limbus is highly nonlinear compared to the cornea and sclera when the eye-globe is deformed by an increase of IOP. This may suggest that the limbus has enough structural flexibility to stabilize anterior eye shape during IOP changes.
Fast and Stable Photochromic Oxazines for Fluorescence Switching (2011)

The stringent limitations imposed by diffraction on the spatial resolution of fluorescence microscopes demand the identification of viable strategies to switch fluorescence under optical control. In this context, the photoinduced and reversible transformations of photochromic compounds are particularly valuable. In fact, these molecules can be engineered to regulate the emission intensities of complementary fluorophores in response to optical stimulations. On the basis of this general design logic, we assembled a functional molecular construct consisting of a borondipyrromethene fluorophore and a nitrospiropyran photochrome and demonstrated that the emission of the former can be modulated with the interconversion of the latter. This fluorophore-photochrome dyad, however, has a slow switching speed and poor fatigue resistance. To improve both parameters, we developed a new family of photochromic switches based on the photoinduced opening and thermal closing of an oxazine ring. These compounds switch back and forth between ring-closed and -open isomers on nanosecond-microsecond timescales and tolerate thousands of switching cycles with no sign of degradation. In addition, the attachment of appropriate chromophoric fragments to their switchable oxazine ring can be exploited to either deactivate or activate fluorescence reversibly in response to illumination with a pair of exciting beams. Specifically, we assembled three dyads, each based on either a borondipyrromethene or a coumarin fluorophore and an oxazine photochrome, and modulated their fluorescence in a few microseconds with outstanding fatigue resistance. The unique photochemical and photophysical properties of our fluorophore-photochrome dyads can facilitate the development of switchable fluorophores for superresolution imaging and, ultimately, provide valuable molecular probes for the visualization of biological samples on the nanometer level.
Near-infrared reflectance modulation with electrochromic crystalline WO3 films deposited on ambient temperature glass substrates by an oxygen ion-assisted technique (1990)

Electrochromic, crystalline WO3 films have been deposited on glass substrates at ambient temperature by an oxygen-ion-assisted technique using oxygen ion energies ≥300 eV and oxygen ion to vapor molecule (WO3) ratios, γ≥2.5. After lithiation, the resulting LixWO3 films exhibited &gt;50% reflectivity in the near infrared, and the reflectivity dispersion was fit by a Drude free-electron model, yielding the Drude parameters: plasma energy, Ep=3.3 eV; and the loss (damping) parameter, EΓ=1.0 eV. (The bound electron permittivity, εb, was fixed at 4.0.) These values are comparable to those obtained with WO3 films rf sputter deposited onto substrates at temperatures &gt;420 °C. During the ion-assisted deposition the substrate temperature reached approximately 90 °C, caused primarily by radiation from the WO3 evaporant source. This indicates that economical low-temperature substrates, such as plastics, could be used. These results suggest that practical electrochromic smart windows for energy-efficient buildings might be produced using ion-assisted deposition techniques.
Photodissociation of water by <i>p</i> - and <i>n</i> -type polycrystalline iron oxides by using visible light (≤2.7 eV) in the absence of external potential (1982)

A polycrystalline p/n diode assembly, consisting of pressed magnesium- and silicon-doped iron oxide powders, has been shown to photodissociate water by using visible light in the absence of any external potential. In the investigated pH range (8-14) the device produces hydrogen catalytically in amounts that are readily detectable by gas chromatography. The relatively low-power conversion efficiency of 0.05% is believed to be due to the poor change-transfer properties of the p-type iron oxide used.
Human detection using geometrical pixel value structures (2003)

We propose a statistical method to detect human(s) in images by using geometrical structures that are common to the appearances of the target objects (human figures). Most appearance-based methods focus on pixel values directly, because the same classes of objects usually have similar pixel value distributions. However, this is not true for some particular objects. Humans are a good example. Human figures have a variety of different clothes, and their pixel values (color, brightness) can vary significantly from person to person. In this case, geometrical structures observed as pixel-value distances are essential for the successful recognition of objects. In this paper, we propose a method to describe and recognize the appearances of objects based on geometrical structures. The representation is based on a statistical analysis of Mahalanobis distances among parts of images. Using our method, objects having pixel value variety can be recognized using a small number of appearance models. Experimental results for human figures demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Simplified ohmic and Schottky contact formation for field effect transistors using the single layer integrated metal field effect transistor (SLIMFET) process (1995)

A new III-V semiconductor device fabrication process for GaAs-based field effect transistors (FET) is presented which uses a single lithographic process and metal deposition step to form both the ohmic drain/source contacts and the Schottky gate contact concurrently. This single layer integrated metal FET (SLIMFET) process simplifies the fabrication process by eliminating an additional lithographic step for gate definition, a separate gate metallization step, and thermal annealing for ohmic contact formation. The SLIMFET process requires a FET structure which incorporates a compositionally graded In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As cap layer to form low resistance, nonalloyed ohmic contacts using standard Schottky metals. The SLIMFET process also uses a Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ mask to provide selective removal of the InGaAs ohmic layers from the gate region prior to metallization without requiring an additional lithographic step. GaAs MESFET devices were fabricated using this new SLIMFET process which achieved DC and RF performance comparable to GaAs MESFET's fabricated by conventional methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An external sensor for instantaneous measurement of the internal temperature in lithium-ion rechargeable cells (2011)

Based on a four-probe electrical measurement, we have developed a Battery Internal Temperature Sensor. BITS, unlike a surface-mounted thermocouple, provides a direct measure of the internal temperature. We have demonstrate in several different rechargeable lithium-ion cells ranging in capacity from 2- to 50-Ah, the existence of an intrinsic relationship between a cell's internal temperature and a readily measurable electrical parameter. Today, container rupture and fire are the most detrimental consequences of thermal runaway in rechargeable Li-ion cells. Although storing or operating Li-ion cells in high-temperature environments is not advisable, high internal temperature has a greater potential to initiate catastrophic events. Measuring the environmental temperature at any proximity to the surface of the cell is insufficient to know or intervene with fast-rising internal heat. For example, monitoring <i>internal</i> temperature in real time has direct relevance to the thermal runaway caused by external and internal short circuits that may have no relevance to the external temperature. Yet, until now, there has been no simple technique to monitor the internal temperature of a single cell or multiple cells in Li-ion batteries. BITS, developed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, is a miniature instrument, with demonstrated capability to measure and report internal temperature of individual cells in a multi-cell battery pack at the rate of 200-ms/cell.
A Method for Rapid Determination of Fiber Orientation in Reinforced Composites at Lab and Component Scale (2018)

Thermal and mechanical response of the fiber reinforced polymeric, metallic, and ceramic composites are strongly dependent on reinforcement fiber orientation and matrix resin rich zones within a composite. In many manufacturing techniques the final orientation is an outcome of the process and thus, necessitates quantification after formation to validate the material performance to design specifications. Current orientation measurement techniques are laborious, destructively invasive, expensive to implement, and are limited to small spatial domains. This creates a significant limitation in the ability to validate performance at the part scale where predictive capability is challenging and a barrier to market entry, limiting the use of light weight, energy efficient glass and carbon fiber reinforced composite materials for structural applications. Hence, there is an immediate need for rapid, non-destructive fiber or fiber bundle orientation evaluation for large spatial domains, including whole parts, for expeditious prototyping, composite engineering, and quality assessment to bring novel fiber reinforced composites to wind, compressed gas storage, infrastructure and automotive markets. A novel method is developed by the authors using a custom Thermal Digital Image Correlation (TDIC) method with which one can image a fiber reinforced composite materials including epoxy, vinyl ester, polyester, phenolic, or thermoplastic resin with carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber or natural fiber reinforcements.
UNCONSTRAINED PLASTERING - A NEW ALL HEXAHEDRAL MESH GENERATION ALGORITHM (2005)

. The goal is to generate conformal all-hexahedral meshes on any geometry assembly. Unconstrained Plastering is a new unproven idea. Implementation on a prototype has begun. Although the authors are optimistic, evidence of its reliability is still forthcoming. 1 INTRODUCTION The goal of finding an algorithm to robustly generate high quality conformal all-hexahedral meshes on any geometry assembly remains elusive. Unlike tetrahedral meshing, where reliable methods are available
Microcontact Printed BaTiO <sub>3</sub> and LaNiO <sub>3</sub> Thin Films for Capacitors (2006)

There is an ongoing need to develop new technologies to enable further down‐scaling of layer thicknesses in multilayer ceramic devices, for example, in multilayer capacitors (MLC). Microcontact printing of chemical solutions of both the dielectric and electrode layers was explored as an economical means of preparing patterned thin films for MLC without requiring photolithography. For this purpose, methanol/acetic acid‐based BaTiO 3 solutions were spun onto polydimethylsiloxane stamps, printed onto substrates, pyrolyzed, and crystallized. LaNiO 3 was used as a prototype electrode that could also be microcontact printed. The line edge roughness produced this way was on the order of a tenth of a micrometer, which should enable very small margins. The printed layer thickness was also very uniform. Microcontact printed capacitors with a single dielectric layer were fabricated and found to have dielectric constants >800 with loss tangents <2%. Alignment between subsequent layers is readily achieved. Multilayer dielectric/electrode stacks could be fabricated without cracking or delaminations. Consequently, microcontact printing appears to be a viable potential means of preparing MLC with layer thicknesses in the range of ≤0.2 μm.
Inhibition of polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulation in plants expressing a fatty acid epoxygenase (2000)

Earlier, we described the isolation of a Crepis palaestina cDNA (Cpal2) which encoded a Delta12-epoxygenase that could catalyse the synthesis of 12,13-epoxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid (18:1E) from linoleic acid (18:2). When the Cpal2 gene was expressed under the control of a seed-specific promoter in Arabidopsis, plants were able to accumulate small amounts 18:1E and 12,13-epoxy-cis-9,15-octadec-2-enoic acid in their seed lipids. In this report we give results obtained from a detailed analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing the Cpal2 gene. The seeds from these plants accumulate varying levels of 18:1E, but show a marked increase in 18:1 and equivalent decrease in 18:2 and 18:3. We further observed that the co-expression of a C. palaestina Delta12-desaturase in Arabidopsis appears to return the relative proportions of the C(18) seed fatty acids to normal levels and results in a 2-fold increase in total epoxy fatty acids.
Ultra Low Power CMOS-Based Sensor for On-Body Radiation Dose Measurements (2012)

For the first time, a dosimeter employing two floating gate radiation field effect transistors (FGRADFET) and operating at mere 0.1 V is presented. The novel dosimeter requires no power during irradiation and consumes only 1 during readout. Besides the low power operation, structural changes at the device level have enhanced the sensitivity of the dosimeter considerably as compared to previous designs. The dosimeter is integrated with a wireless transmitter chip, thus eliminating all unwanted communication and power cables. It has been realized monolithically in DALSA's 0.8 complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process and characterized with X-ray and γ-ray sources. A maximum sensitivity of 5 mV/rad for X-rays and 1.1 mV/rad for -rays have been achieved in measurements. Due to its small size, low-power, and wireless operation, the design is highly suitable for miniaturized, wearable, and battery operated dosimeters intended for radiotherapy and space applications.
New developments in holographic storage materials (2004)

The potential for dramatic increases in storage density and data transfer rates makes holographic storage very attractive for the next generation optical storage technique. However, over two decades of research has yet to produce a truly viable optical material that meets all of the key metrics for commercial holographic media. We present a recently developed dye-doped thermoplastic that has the potential to revolutionize holographic storage. It is compatible with existing media disc molding techniques while also allowing for data to be written in a volumetric approach using holographic methods. More specifically, this paper will outline a predictive modeling approach used during the materials development phase to optimize key material parameters. The modeling technique is based on the Kramers-Kronig relationship enables the optically-induced refractive index changes to be calculated from absorption spectra measurements.