gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expedient Synthesis of Core Disaccharide Building Blocks from Natural Polysaccharides for Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharide Assembly (2019)

The complex sulfation motifs of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS GAGs) play critical roles in many important biological processes. However, an understanding of their specific functions has been hampered by an inability to synthesize large numbers of diverse, yet defined, HS structures. Herein, we describe a new approach to access the four core disaccharides required for HS/heparin oligosaccharide assembly from natural polysaccharides. The use of disaccharides rather than monosaccharides as minimal precursors greatly accelerates the synthesis of HS GAGs, providing key disaccharide and tetrasaccharide intermediates in about half the number of steps compared to traditional strategies. Rapid access to such versatile intermediates will enable the generation of comprehensive libraries of sulfated oligosaccharides for unlocking the "sulfation code" and understanding the roles of specific GAG structures in physiology and disease.
<title>Fabrication Of Very Large Electroluminescent Displays</title> (1983)

Fabrication issues for EL display panels with viewing areas of one meter square or larger are discussed. Considerations regarding choice of deposition technology, the nature of the deposition environment, and preferred types of equipment are presented. The analysis is supported by data on smaller matrix EL devices. Requirements on the layout and physical characteristics of electrode structures are specified as determined by computer models and experimental data, The question of resolution is addressed from the points of view of display fabrication and electronic drive, requirements. Operating parameters to be expected from the displays are predicted.
Effective Assessment of Cognitive Load in Real-World Scenarios using Wrist-worn Sensor Data (2021)

The ability to assess cognitive load of an user in real time, is an integral part of effective human-computer interactions. Several approaches are used in literature for assessing cognitive load of an user in labs, however, assessment in real world scenarios is still an issue. This study proposes an approach for classification of cognitive load based on physiological signals collected through wearable devices. We have applied the proposed approach on publicly available CogLoad dataset containing galvanic skin conductance, skin temperature and heart rate information of the participants while performing a task. A set of signal property based features are proposed and an optimal subset of features are selected. These features are finally used to train a machine learning model for classification of cognitive load. Proposed approach with selected features yields the classification accuracy of 69% for binary classification which is better than the current state-of-the-art. Proposed model can be applied in scenarios like online tutorials, meetings, interviews, call center support etc. to understan the cognitive load of the user and administer changes to make the interaction more amicable and fruitful.
3-D Car Simulator for Testing ECU Embedded Systems (2006)

This paper presents virtual 3D computer simulator for testing ECU embedded systems. ECU embedded systems have many functions. However, ECU embedded systems are not straightforward to apply to testing in real vehicles. A virtual simulator is essential for accurate testing of ECU embedded systems. The proposed simulator provides a 3D modeled vehicle system. The embedded system developers can test the ECU embedded system like as a real vehicle. This simulator can expredict the next vehicle's status using a status processing algorithm. This status processing algorithm has a status container. This simulator can inspect the vehicle's status by analyzing the current status data. Then, this simulator presents 3D modeled vehicles applied to the status processing algorithm. This simulator examines safety and suitability of ECU embedded system
Loop heat pipe (LHP) development by utilizing coherent porous silicon (CPS) wicks (2003)

This paper introduces a theoretical model for a Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) utilizing a coherent porous silicon (CPS) wick. The paper investigates the effects of different parameters on the performance of the LHP such as evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, total mass charge, wick thickness, porosity, and pore size. A LHP is a two-phase device with extremely high effective thermal conductivity that uses capillary forces developed inside its wicked evaporator to pump a working fluid through a closed loop. The loop heat pipe is developed to efficiently transport heat that is generated by a highly localized concentrated heat source and then to discharge this heat to a convenient sink. This device is urgently needed to cool electronic components, especially in space applications. The LHP has been modeled utilizing the conservation equations and thermodynamic cycle. The loop heat pipe cycle is presented on a T-s diagram. A direct relation is developed between the ratio of heat going for evaporation as well as heat leaking to the compensation chamber.
Naphthenic Acid Corrosion Literature Survey (1999)

Abstract Naphthenic acid corrosion is a growing concern for refineries processing crudes containing high levels of naphthenic acid. Due to this concern many refineries have initiatives in place to better understand the mechanism of corrosion and evaluate methods for mitigating the corrosion. During the 1996 Fall Committee Week, NACE International T-8 Refining Industry Corrosion Group, organized a task group, T-8-22, to perform a review and compilation of existing literature relevant to naphthenic acid corrosion. This paper provides a summary of the literature search.
Don't Trust the Cloud, Verify: Integrity and Consistency for Cloud Object Stores (2015)

Cloud services have turned remote computation into a commodity and enable convenient online collaboration. However, they require that clients fully trust the service provider in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Towards reducing this dependency, this paper introduces a protocol for verification of integrity and consistency for cloud object storage (VICOS), which enables a group of mutually trusting clients to detect data-integrity and consistency violations for a cloud object-storage service. It aims at services where multiple clients cooperate on data stored remotely on a potentially misbehaving service. VICOS enforces the consistency notion of fork-linearizability, supports wait-free client semantics for most operations, and reduces the computation and communication overhead compared to previous protocols. VICOS is based in a generic way on any authenticated data structure. Moreover, its operations cover the hierarchical name space of a cloud object store, supporting a real-world interface and not only a simplistic abstraction. A prototype of VICOS that works with the key-value store interface of commodity cloud storage services has been implemented, and an evaluation demonstrates its advantage compared to existing systems.
Design and engineering of organic molecules for customizable Terahertz tags (2014)

Terahertz (THz) frequency band lies between the microwave and infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Molecules having strong resonances in this frequency range are ideal for realizing "Terahertz tags" which can be easily incorporated into various materials. THz spectroscopy of molecules, especially at frequencies below 10 THz, provides valuable information on the low frequency vibrational modes, viz. intermolecular vibrational modes, hydrogen bond stretching, torsional vibrations in several chemical and biological compounds. So far there have been very few attempts to engineer molecules which can demonstrate customizable resonances in the THz frequency region. In this paper, Diamidopyridine (DAP) based molecules are used as a model system to demonstrate engineering of THz resonances (< 10 THz) by fine-tuning the molecular mass and bond strengths. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations have been carried out to explain the origin of THz resonances and factors contributing to the shift in resonances due to the addition of various functional groups. The design approach presented here can be easily extended to engineer various organic molecules suitable for THz tags application.
Microneedle-array patches loaded with hypoxia-sensitive vesicles provide fast glucose-responsive insulin delivery (2015)

A glucose-responsive "closed-loop" insulin delivery system mimicking the function of pancreatic cells has tremendous potential to improve quality of life and health in diabetics. Here, we report a novel glucose-responsive insulin delivery device using a painless microneedle-array patch ("smart insulin patch") containing glucose-responsive vesicles (GRVs; with an average diameter of 118 nm), which are loaded with insulin and glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme. The GRVs are self-assembled from hypoxia-sensitive hyaluronic acid (HS-HA) conjugated with 2-nitroimidazole (NI), a hydrophobic component that can be converted to hydrophilic 2-aminoimidazoles through bioreduction under hypoxic conditions. The local hypoxic microenvironment caused by the enzymatic oxidation of glucose in the hyperglycemic state promotes the reduction of HS-HA, which rapidly triggers the dissociation of vesicles and subsequent release of insulin. The smart insulin patch effectively regulated the blood glucose in a mouse model of chemically induced type 1 diabetes. The described work is the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of a synthetic glucose-responsive device using a hypoxia trigger for regulation of insulin release. The faster responsiveness of this approach holds promise in avoiding hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia if translated for human therapy.
Direct Use of Natural Antioxidant-rich Agro-wastes as Thermal Stabilizer for Polymer: Processing and Recycling (2015)

Antioxidant-rich agro-wastes such as grape pomace waste (GW), turmeric shavings and waste, coffee grounds, and orange peel waste are used as-received for the first time as thermo-oxidative stabilizers for polymer. Relative to neat low density polyethylene (LDPE), a well-dispersed hybrid made by solid-state shear pulverization with 4 wt % GW results in 62 and 44 °C increases in temperatures corresponding to 10 and 20% mass loss in air (T10% and T20%), respectively. Such enhancements are superior to those obtained by adding 1 wt % synthetic antioxidant Irganox I1010 to LDPE by melt mixing. Relative to neat LDPE, hybrids with well-dispersed agro-waste exhibit enhanced Young’s modulus, equal or enhanced tensile strength, and relatively small reduction in elongation at break. Reprocessing or recycling sometimes leads to enhanced antioxidant activity: relative to a hybrid before melt extrusion, 92/8 wt% LDPE/TW exhibits major increases in T10% and T20% after two and six melt extrusion passes, which is consistent with formation of transformation products with improved antioxidant activity during multiple high-temperature reprocessing cycles. Natural antioxidants are effective in suppressing LDPE chain scission and branching. After ten extrusion passes, neat LDPE exhibits a 16% increase in zero-shear viscosity and reduction in elongation at break from 500% to 280%, whereas hybrids with agro-waste have zero-shear viscosity and elongation at break values close to those of unprocessed hybrids. Isothermal shear flow measurements also show the effectiveness of natural antioxidant in stabilizing LDPE: hybrids exhibit no sign of chain branching during 3000 s of melt flow at 200 °C whereas neat LDPE branches after ∼500 s.
The inhibition of .ALPHA.-amylase by tea polyphenols. (1990)

The inhibition of α-amylase from human saliva by polyphenolic components of tea and its specificity was investigated in vitro. Four kinds of green tea catechins, and their isomers and four kinds of their dimeric compounds (theaflavins) produced oxidatively during black tea production were isolated. They were (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECg), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), (-)-catechin (C), (-)-gallocatechin (GC), (-)-catechin gallate (Cg), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCg), theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin monogallates (TF2A and TF2B), and theaflavin digallate (TF3). Among the samples tested, EC, EGC, and their isomers did not have significant effects on the activity of a-amylase. All the other samples were potent inhibitors and the inhibitory effects were in the order of TF3>TF2A>TF2B>TFl>Cg> GCg > ECg > EGCg. The inhibitory patterns were noncompetitive except for TF3.
Abstract A119: Photoimmunotherapeutic nanoparticles for combination therapy. (2011)

Abstract Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a promising field for cancer treatment that combines the phototoxic and immune stimulating ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the widespread effectiveness of the immune system. We speculated that co-delivery of an immune-stimulant with a photosensitizer (PS) using a nanoparticle (NP) delivery platform will be a useful means to attack metastatic cancer. To probe this, we have initiated the construction of new PIT agents using a multifunctional NP delivery platform. Briefly, we encapsulated a PS within a polymeric NP core made up of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-b-PEG). After coating the outside of the polymeric core with gold nanoparticles, we modified the gold surface with CpG-ODN, a single-stranded DNA that is a known immunostimulant. Synthesis, biological activity, and immune stimulatory effects of these constructs will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A119.
Internal cleavage and trans-proteolytic activities of the VPg-proteinase (NIa) of tobacco etch potyvirus in vivo (1993)

The NIa protein of plant potyviruses is a bifunctional protein containing an N-terminal VPg domain and a C-terminal proteinase region. The majority of tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) NIa molecules are localized to the nucleus of infected cells, although a proportion of NIa is attached covalently as VPg to viral RNA in the cytoplasm. A suboptimal cleavage site that is recognized by the NIa proteinase is located between the two domains. This site was found to be utilized in the VPg-associated, but not the nuclear, pool of NIa. A mutation converting Glu-189 to Leu at the P1 position of the processing site inhibited internal cleavage. Introduction of this mutation into TEV-GUS, an engineered variant of TEV that expresses a reporter protein (beta-glucuronidase [GUS]) fused to the N terminus of the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro), rendered the virus replication defective in tobacco protoplasts. Site-specific reversion of the mutant internal processing site to the wild-type sequence restored virus viability. In addition, the trans-processing activity of NIa proteinase was tested in vivo after introduction of an artificial cleavage site between the GUS and HC-Pro sequences in the cytoplasmic GUS/HC-Pro polyprotein encoded by TEV-GUS. The novel site was recognized and processed in plants infected by the engineered virus, indicating the presence of excess NIa processing capacity in the cytoplasm. The potential roles of internal NIa processing in TEV-infected cells are discussed.
Adaptive scheduling with parallelism feedback (2006)

Multiprocessor scheduling in a shared multiprogramming environment is often structured as two-level scheduling, where a kernel-level job scheduler allots processors to jobs and a user-level task scheduler schedules the work of a job on the allotted processors. In this context, the number of processors allotted to a particular job may vary during the job's execution, and the task scheduler must adapt to these changes in processor resources. For overall system efficiency, the task scheduler should also provide parallelism feedback to the job scheduler to avoid the situation where a job is allotted processors that it cannot use productively.We present an adaptive task scheduler for multitasked jobs with dependencies that provides continual parallelism feedback to the job scheduler in the form of requests for processors. Our scheduler guarantees that a job completes near optimally while utilizing at least a constant fraction of the allotted processor cycles. Our scheduler can be applied to schedule data-parallel programs, such as those written in High Performance Fortran (HPF), *Lisp, C*, NESL, and ZPL.Our analysis models the job scheduler as the task scheduler's adversary, challenging the task scheduler to be robust to the system environment and the job scheduler's administrative policies. For example, the job scheduler can make available a huge number of processors exactly when the job has little use for them. To analyze the performance of our adaptive task scheduler under this stringent adversarial assumption, we introduce a new technique called "trim analysis," which allows us to prove that our task scheduler performs poorly on at most a small number of time steps, exhibiting near-optimal behavior on the vast majority.To be precise, suppose that a job has work T1 and critical-path length T∞ and is running on a machine with P processors. Using trim analysis, we prove that our scheduler completes the job in O(T1/P + T∞ + Llg P) time steps, where L is the length of a scheduling quantum and P denotes the O(T∞ + L lg P)-trimmed availability. This quantity is the average of the processor availability over all time steps excluding the O(T∞ + L lg P) time steps with the highest processor availability. When T1/T∞ >> P (the job's parallelism dominates the O(T∞ + L lg P)-trimmed availability), the job achieves nearly perfect linear speedup. Conversely, when T1/T∞ << P, the asymptotic running time of the job is nearly the length of its critical path.
Multiple-priority impedance control (2011)

Impedance control is well-suited to robot manipulation applications because it gives the designer a measure of control over how the manipulator to conforms to the environment. However, in the context of end-effector impedance control when the robot manipulator is redundant with respect to end-effector configuration, the question arises regarding how to control the impedance of the redundant joints. This paper considers multi-priority impedance control where a second-priority joint space impedance operates in the null space of a first-priority Cartesian impedance at the end-effector. A control law is proposed that realizes both impedances while observing the priority constraint such that a weighted quadratic error function is optimized. This control law is shown to be a generalization of several motion and impedance control laws found in the literature. The paper makes explicit two forms of the control law. In the first, parametrization by passive inertia values allows the control law to be implemented without requiring end-effector force measurements. In the second, a class of parametrizations is introduced that makes the null space impedance independent of end-effector forces. The theoretical results are illustrated in simulation.
Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist or sacubitril/valsartan (2022)

The efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin were similar, regardless of background treatment with an MRA or ARNI. SGLT2 inhibitors may be added to other treatments recommended in recent guidelines for HFmrEF/HFpEF.
Designing File Replication Schemes for Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems (2008)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their flexibility and scalability. We propose a new model to design file replication schemes for P2P file sharing systems. The model introduces expected costs for serving user requests for the files which are computed from node up/down statistics. Based on the model we introduce and develop several methods to determine the sets of nodes to store copies of the files in order to optimize certain performance metrics (e.g., maximize the system hit rate, minimize the total expected cost). We verify the effectiveness of the file replication schemes via simulation. We also outline a framework to implement the file replication schemes for P2P file sharing systems in a distributed and adaptive manner. The framework scales to a large number of nodes and files and can handle user request pattern change via file migration.
Issues in the design of high dexterity, force reflective teleoperators (1991)

The Center for Engineering and Design at the University of Utah is developing an anthropomorphic, hydraulically actuated, teleoperated arm. The system includes a sixteen degree-of-freedom slave manipulator controlled by a kinematically identical, sixteen degree-of-freedom force-reflective, exoskeletal master. The project has focused on four areas: (1) formulating a realistic set of design objectives which balance, against technical realities, the desire for performance, reliability and economy; (2) understanding control issues; (3) designing and fabricating new subsystems necessary for the construction of a successful machine; and (4) integrating subsystems, through a series of prototype stages, into an operational teleoperation system.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to confirm the reversal of hepatorenal syndrome type 1 with terlipressin: the REVERSE trial design (2012)

Background: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a rare disorder of marked renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis, ascites, and portal hypertension. Type 1 HRS is a rapidly progressive acute kidney injury that develops shortly after a precipitating event, followed by a deterioration of function of other organs (eg, heart, brain, liver, adrenal glands). Presently, no approved drug therapies exist for HRS type 1 in the USA, Canada, or Australia. Given the rarity of this condition and the existing unmet medical need for treatment, the US Food and Drug Administration granted orphan drug and fast-track designations for terlipressin. The objective of the REVERSE trial was to determine the efficacy and safety of intravenous terlipressin compared with placebo in the treatment of adults with HRS type 1 who were also receiving intravenous albumin. Methods: 180 subjects with HRS type 1 were enrolled at 65 investigational sites located in the USA and ten sites in Canada. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with either intravenous terlipressin administered every 6 hours or placebo for up to 14 days. The primary efficacy measure was confirmed HRS reversal, defined as the percentage of patients with two serum creatinine values of ≤1.5 mg/dL at least 48 hours apart, on treatment, and without intervening renal replacement therapy or liver transplantation. Other efficacy measures included change in renal function as reflected in serum creatinine levels, fractional excretion of sodium, recurrence of HRS type 1, transplant-free, dialysis-free, and overall survival. Discussion: Data from this pivotal study are intended to demonstrate whether terlipressin is effective in reversing HRS type 1, while providing the level of evidence necessary to define the risk–benefit profile of terlipressin. Keywords: terlipressin, Lucassin, hepatorenal syndrome, REVERSE, renal dysfunction, critical care Corrigendum for this paper has been published