gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical effects of exercise on the QT interval in patients with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia receiving type Ia antiarrhythmic agents. (1990)

We analyzed the results of exercise testing performed in the absence of all antiarrhythmic drugs in 11 case patients with newly documented polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in response to type Ia antiarrhythmic agents. These results were compared with those found in 11 control patients matched for age, sex, and heart disease to determine whether the response of the QT interval to exercise testing was abnormal in patients who developed worsening of arrhythmia while taking antiarrhythmic drugs. QT, RR, and QTc intervals (by Bazett's method) were evaluated at rest and at 3 minutes of exercise in both groups. At rest, there was no significant difference in the QT interval (410 +/- 13 vs. 386 +/- 11 msec), RR interval (890 +/- 56 vs. 781 +/- 43 msec), or corrected QT interval (438 +/- 10 vs. 438 +/- 4 msec) in the case patients and the control patients. Both groups demonstrated a similar chronotropic response to exercise. The QT interval shortened in both groups with exercise (p less than 0.001), but the degree of shortening tended to be greater in the control patients (to 310 +/- 9 msec) than in the case patients (to 357 +/- 11 msec) (p = 0.06). Thus, there was a paradoxical increase in the QTc interval in the patients who experienced a proarrhythmic effect of type Ia drugs but not in the control patients (to 482 +/- 8 vs. 431 +/- 5 msec; p less than 0.001). Ten of 11 case patients but only one of 11 control patients had an increase in QTc interval of more than 10 msec with exercise (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aurora‐B and Rho‐kinase/ROCK, the two cleavage furrow kinases, independently regulate the progression of cytokinesis: possible existence of a novel cleavage furrow kinase phosphorylates ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) (2005)

Cytokinesis is regulated by several protein kinases, such as Aurora-B and Rho-kinase/ROCK. We have indicated that these two kinases are the cleavage furrow (CF) kinases that accumulate at the cleavage furrow and phosphorylate several intermediate filament (IF) proteins into two daughter cells. It has been reported that Aurora-B phosphorylates MgcRacGAP to functionally convert to a RhoGAP during cytokinesis. Therefore, we investigated here the relationship between Aurora-B and Rho-kinase/ROCK in cytokinesis, by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique. Aurora-B depletion did not alter the cleavage furrow-specific localization of Rho-kinase/ROCK and vice versa. Treatment of Aurora-B or Rho-kinase/ROCK siRNA increased multinucleate cells, and the effect of double depletion was additive. Aurora-B depletion induced the reduction of cleavage furrow-specific phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser72 but not vimentin at Ser71, myosin light chain (MLC) at Ser19, and myosin binding subunit of myosin phosphatase (MBS) at Ser852. In contrast, Rho-kinase/ROCK depletion led to the reduction of cleavage furrow-specific phosphorylation of MLC at Ser19, MBS at Ser852, and vimentin at Ser71 but not vimentin at Ser72. Cleavage furrow-specific ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) phosphorylation was not altered in the Aurora-B- and/or Rho-kinase/ROCK-depleted cells. In addition, C3 or toxin B treatment did not abolish ERM phosphorylation at the cleavage furrow in cells attaining cytokinesis. These results suggest that Aurora-B and Rho-kinase/ROCK regulate the progression of cytokinesis without communicating to each other, and there may exist a novel protein kinase which phosphorylates ERM at the cleavage furrow.
Endogenous and exogenous ocular and systemic silver deposition. (1980)

The ocular distribution of particulate silver after prolonged ingestion and the topical application of an organic silver compound (argyrol) are described and compared with the distribution after long-term occupational contact with refined silver. The deposits appear to be inert and to cause no functional visual deficit.
Three-Component [1 + 1 + 1] Cyclopropanation with Ruthenium(II) (2018)

We report a one-step, Ru(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction that is conceptually different from the previously reported protocols that include Corey–Chaykovsky, Simmons–Smith, and metal-catalyzed carbene attack on olefins. Under the current protocol, various alcohols and esters are transformed into sulfone substituted cyclopropanes with excellent isolated yields and diastereoselectivities. This new reaction forms highly congested cyclopropane products with three new C–C bonds, three or two new chiral centers and one new quaternary carbon center. Twenty-two examples of isolated substrates are given. Previously reported synthetic routes for similar substrates are all multistep, linear routes that proceed with overall low yields and poor control of stereochemistry. Commercially available Ru(II) dehydrogenation catalysts, that were recently developed for the dehydrogenative synthesis of esters and amides from alcohol and amine substrates, were used in the reaction, with the best catalyst showing excellent activity at 0.2–1 mol % catalyst loading. Mechanistic investigation showed that in the case of alcohol substrates, the catalyst is only responsible for the first dehydrogenation step, and that the identity of the base and the countercation is crucial in achieving high yields. The catalyst is also required for the cyclopropanation of esters, although no dehydrogenation can proceed in this case, suggesting that substrates sensitive to H2 may be acylated prior to reaction.
Hyperphosphatemic Tumoral Calcinosis: Effects of Phosphate Depletion on Vitamin D Metabolism, and of Acute Hypocalcemia on Parathyroid Hormone Secretion and Action* (1983)

In hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels are inappropriately elevated, suggesting an abnormality in vitamin D metabolism. To define this abnormality further, we measured vitamin D metabolites in two patients and four controls before and after phosphate depletion. The patients showed elevated plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D in the basal state. Phosphate depletion reduced serum phosphate in patients from a mean of 6.1 to 2.6 mg/dl; this was accompanied by a rise in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D from 33.6 to 41.9 ng/dl, and in 1,25(OH)2D from 67.7 to 93.2 pg/ml. The absolute rise in 1,25(OH)2D was similar to that of controls. EDTA infusion produced a normal increase of serum immunoreactive PTH levels and urinary cAMP excretion. In this form of tumoral calcinosis, 1,25(OH)2D levels are elevated despite hyperphosphatemia, normal immunoreactive PTH, and normal serum calcium concentrations, suggesting an abnormality in the regulation of 1,25(OH)2D synthesis or metabolism, or alternatively, another undefined stimulus for 1,25(OH)2D synthesis. These patients appear to have concurrent abnormalities of renal tubular phosphate transport and vitamin D metabolism.
Therapeutic benefit of polyamine‐modified catalase as a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenics (2000)

Continuous subcutaneous administration of polyamine-modified catalase that has increased permeability at the blood-brain barrier showed both a highly significant delay in onset and an increase in survival in a transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis having a point mutation in the gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. These results suggest that hydrogen peroxide–mediated oxidative stress with subsequent free radical damage involving nitric oxide and possibly hydroxyl radicals in motor neurons may be the culprit in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2000;48:943–947
Evaluating three calibration transfer methods for predictions of soil properties using mid‐infrared spectroscopy (2021)

Abstract Mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy models have been developed for rapid assessment of soils but are often soil and instrument specific because of differences in laboratory conditions and sensor setup. Calibration transfer is required to apply a spectral model such as partial least squares (PLS) regression developed from a primary instrument to a spectral dataset measured by a secondary instrument with statistically retained accuracy and precision. The study aimed to compare the performance of three transfer methods (i.e., direct standardization [DS], piecewise direct standardization [PDS], and spectral space transfer [SST]) and investigate the effects of transfer sample size and sample selection methods. The transfer methods were developed for predicting total C, clay, silt, and sand contents, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH in water (pH W ) and CaCl 2 , CaCO 3 equivalent, and −1,500‐kPa water retention using spectral measurements of a secondary instrument. Calibration transfer methods of three PLS models for estimating soil properties with a high (total C), intermediate (clay content), and low (pH W ) predictability were discussed. The effect of sample size required for the development of the calibration transfer and the selection method of the transferred samples were investigated. It was found that SST was most favorable for a relatively small sample size used in calibration transfer (≤12 samples). The performance of transfer methods was optimal when the transfer samples accounted for the variability of MIR spectra from the secondary instrument. We conclude that SST and PDS have the potential to be applied in spectroscopy for predicting soil properties using secondary instruments.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor is Increased in Aqueous Humor of Glaucomatous Eyes (2002)

Purpose To assess the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in aqueous humor in eyes with and without glaucoma. Methods Concentrations of VEGF were measured using a sandwich ELISA kit in aqueous humor aspirates taken during anterior segment surgery from 87 patients, of whom 54 had glaucoma (27 primary open-angle glaucoma, 8 angle-closure glaucoma, 16 exfoliative glaucoma) and 33 had cataract only. Results Vascular endothelial growth factor was detected in all samples. The concentration in eyes with cataract only without glaucoma was 102.4 ± 29.7 pg/mL (mean ± SD), which was significantly lower than that from eyes with glaucoma (146.7 ± 51.8 pg/mL). There were no significant differences between primary open-angle glaucoma (140.4 ± 51.0 pg/mL), angle-closure glaucoma (142.8 ± 40.2 pg/mL), and exfoliative glaucoma (158.6 ± 58.9 pg/mL). An unusually high VEGF concentration was detected in one eye with neovascular glaucoma (759 pg/mL) and two eyes with uveitic glaucoma (322 pg/mL). No effect of age, gender, or previous history of medical, laser, or surgical treatment of the aqueous humor VEGF concentration could be detected (P > 0.05). Aqueous humor and plasma VEGF concentrations were measured and compared in 46 patients. The aqueous humor VEGF concentration (144.2 ± 107.9 pg/mL) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the plasma concentration (79.2 ± 46.1 pg/mL). No significant correlation was found between aqueous humor and plasma VEGF concentrations. Conclusion Aqueous VEGF concentration is increased in eyes with glaucoma.
Gradation Control of Bottom Ash Aggregate in Superpave Bituminous Mixes (2004)

Dwindling sources of traditional aggregates, ever increasing haulage distance, and diminishing landfills are the primary factors that favor the reuse of construction-quality waste materials in highway pavements. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the performance of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) in cement concrete, little is known about its characteristics in bituminous concrete pavements, especially in Superpave design hot mix asphalt (HMA). By comparing the air voids and voids filled with asphalt of 20% MSWI-BA HMA samples aged for 2 and 4h for a trial mix, all the blends prepared for this research were aged for 4h prior to compaction. Varying the slope/curvature, and the proportions of stone sand and stone dust in trial mixes showed that slope/curvature is more significant than aggregate type in increasing voids in mineral aggregates (VMA). The design binder contents in mixes were found to increase from 6.2% for 0% BA content to 7.4% for 20% BA, a difference of 1.2% (a 19% increase). Also, as bottom ash content is increased to 20%, the effective asphalt decreases from 5.1 to 4.4%, while the absorbed asphalt increases from 1.3 to 3.2%. These findings are consistent with the high absorptivities (i.e., 9.2% water) found for the bottom ash and its high internal porosity resulting in total surface area increase of aggregate structures containing MSWI-BA. Although the 13.0% minimum VMA specified by Superpave was met for all MSWI-BA contents of the design mix used for this study, a marked decrease from 15.3% VMA for 0% BA to 13.4% VMA for 20% BA was measured. Results of the %Gmm at Ninitial for 0–20% MSWI-BA HMA are essentially the same, falling between 85 and 86% compaction. Based solely on the results of the Superpave densification values (%Gmm at Ninitital and Nmax) for this study, substitution of up to 20% MSWI-BA for virgin aggregates yield mixes having aggregates structures that are well developed to resist compaction, rutting, and tenderness in agreement with the findings of Wang et al. in 2000. Obviously, rutting potential, fatigue characteristics, resilient modulus, and field studies should be evaluated to thoroughly investigate the performance of MSWI-BA amended HMA.
Intensity mapping function based weighted frame averaging for high dynamic range imaging (2011)

A high quality image can be synthesized by combining several differently exposed low dynamic range (LDR) images of the same scene. For scenes under low lighting condition, cameras are usually set to high sensitivity mode to reduce exposure times and avoid motion blur on captured images. However, those images tend to be noisy and the noise severely degrades the visual quality of final image especially on dark areas. In this paper, a weighted frame averaging method based on an intensity mapping function (IMF) is proposed to reduce noise from the input LDR images with shorter exposures. The proposed method does not require any knowledge on either camera response functions (CRFs) or exposure times, and it is much simpler than the state-of-art method. Experiment results also show that the proposed method effectively removes the noise from the shortly exposed LDR images without introducing any blurring or other artifacts.
Application of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in CMOS Digital Imaging (2012)

Recent years there has been a rapid expansion of research into nanophotonics based on surface plasmon polariton (SPP), which is a collective electron oscillation propagating along a metal-dielectric interface together with an electromagnetic wave [1]. What distinguishes SPPs from photons is that they have a much smaller wavelength at the same frequency. Therefore SPPs possess remarkable capabilities of concentrating light in a nanoscale and the resulted significant enhancement of localized field [2]. SPPs can be excited by an incident electromagnetic wave if their wavelength vectors match. This is usually achieved by nanopatterning the metal film. The resonant frequency of SPP is determined by the metal materials, dielectric materials, profiles and dimensions of the patterns, etc. As a result, the tunability of SPP enables its application as a colour filter in the visible range. Actually this was used in the stained glass manufacture hundreds years ago. Since the extraordinary optical transmission through a nanohole array in a thin metal film was reported by Ebbesen [3], the plasmonic photon sorting has been explored for the potential applications in digital imaging and light display [4,5]. In addition, SPP based light manipulating elements like planar metallic lenses, beam splitters, polarizers have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally [6-7].
Vibrating RF MEMS for Timing and Frequency References (2006)

This paper presents recent progresses on making vibrating RF MEMS oscillators for timing and frequency reference applications. Starting from the performance requirements of an oscillator in various systems, the key aspects of MEMS oscillators, including resonator design, oscillator performances, temperature compensation, packaging and integrations, are reviewed. Future directions of the research are also suggested at the end of the paper
E-selectin-dependent neutrophil adhesion to Rickettsia rickettsii- infected endothelial cells (1993)

Increased neutrophil or HL60 cell adhesion to Rickettsia rickettsii-infected endothelial cells (ECs) was observed at 6 to 8 hours after the initiation of infection, diminishing by 24 hours. Similar increases were observed using formaldehyde-fixed neutrophils. Cellular association and likely the intracellular presence of rickettsiae was required for enhanced neutrophil adhesion, because culture medium conditioned by infected cells or rickettsiae rendered noninfective by pretreatment with tetracycline were ineffective at inducing neutrophil adhesion. Increases in neutrophil adhesion caused by infection were blocked by pretreatment of ECs with cycloheximide, suggesting the involvement of new protein synthesis in the cells' response. Flow cytometric analysis of infected cells showed increases in cell surface expression of E-selectin compared with uninfected control cells. Furthermore, incubation of 6- to 8-hour infected cells with a blocking monoclonal antibody against E-selectin (BB11) inhibited neutrophil adhesion an average of 61%. These results suggest the involvement of E-selectin in neutrophil adhesion to infected ECs occurring early in the course of the infection process. EC-initiated recruitment of neutrophil adhesion during rickettsiae infection could contribute to the pathologic changes associated with Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever.
Binary code excited linear prediction (BCELP): new approach to celp coding of speech without codebooks (1989)

A new analysis-by-synthesis speech coding approach able to produce good quality speech in the vicinity of 4.8 kbit/s is presented. The new approach produces the same speech quality as obtained by CELP codecs without needing any excitation codebook storage. The new coder employs a very simple excitation search procedure and possesses an inherent robustness against channel errors. The approach is based on the ternary code excitation CELP introduced in Reference 3.
Alloy Clusters: Precise Synthesis and Mixing Effects (2018)

Metal alloys exhibit functionalities unlike those of single metals. Such alloying has drawn considerable research interest, particularly for nanoscale particles (metal clusters/nanoparticles), from the viewpoint of creating new functional nanomaterials. In gas phase cluster research, generated alloy clusters can be spatially separated with atomic precision in vacuum. Thus, the influences of increases or decreases in each element on the overall electronic structure of the cluster can be elucidated. However, to further understand the related mixing and synergistic effects, alloy clusters need to be produced on a large scale and characterized by various techniques. Because alloy clusters protected by thiolate (SR) can be synthesized by chemical methods and are stable in both solution and the solid state, these clusters are ideal study materials to better understand the mixing and synergistic effects. Moreover, the alloy clusters thus created have potential applications as functional materials. Therefore, since 2008, we have been working on establishing a precise synthesis method for SR-protected alloy clusters and elucidating their mixing and synergistic effects. Early research focused on the precise synthesis of alloy clusters wherein some of the Au in the stable SR-protected gold clusters ([Au<sub>25</sub>(SR)<sub>18</sub>]<sup>-</sup> and [Au<sub>38</sub>(SR)<sub>24</sub>]<sup>0</sup>) is replaced by Pd, Ag, or Cu. These studies have shown that Pd, Ag, or Cu substitute at different metal sites. We also have examined the as-synthesized alloy clusters to clarify the effect of substitution by each element on the physical and chemical properties of the clusters. However, in early studies, the number of substitutions could not be controlled with atomic accuracy for [Au<sub>25- x</sub>M <sub>x</sub>(SR)<sub>18</sub>]<sup>-</sup> (M = Ag or Cu). Then, in following research, methods have been established to obtain alloy clusters with control over the composition. We have succeeded in developing a method for controlling the number of Ag substitutions with atomic precision and thereby elucidating the effect of Ag substitution on the electronic structure of clusters with atomic precision. Concurrently, we also studied alloy clusters containing multiple heteroelements with different preferential substitution sites. These results revealed that the effects of substitution of each element can be superimposed on the cluster by combining multiple elemental substitutions at different sites. In addition, we successfully developed methods to synthesize alloy clusters with heterometal core. These findings are expected to lead to clear design guidelines for developing new functional nanomaterials.
Adaptive Video Coding Framework with Spatial-Temporal Fusion for Optimized Streaming in Next-Generation Networks (2023)

Predicting future frames and improving inter-frame prediction are ongoing challenges in the field of video streaming. By creating a novel framework called STreamNet (Spatial-Temporal Video Coding), fusing bidirectional long short-term memory with temporal convolutional networks, this work aims to address the issue at hand. The development of STreamNet, which combines spatial hierarchies with local and global temporal dependencies in a seamless manner, along with sophisticated preprocessing, attention mechanisms, residual learning, and effective compression techniques, is the main contribution. Significantly, STreamNet claims to provide improved video coding quality and efficiency, making it suitable for next-generation networks. STreamNet has the potential to provide reliable and optimal streaming in high-demand network environments, as shown by preliminary tests that show a performance advantage over existing methods.
Hierarchical surface code for network quantum computing with modules of arbitrary size (2016)

The network paradigm for quantum computing involves interconnecting many modules to form a scalable machine. Typically it is assumed that the links between modules are prone to noise while operations within modules have a significantly higher fidelity. To optimize fault tolerance in such architectures we introduce a hierarchical generalization of the surface code: a small ``patch'' of the code exists within each module and constitutes a single effective qubit of the logic-level surface code. Errors primarily occur in a two-dimensional subspace, i.e., patch perimeters extruded over time, and the resulting noise threshold for intermodule links can exceed $\ensuremath{\sim}10$% even in the absence of purification. Increasing the number of qubits within each module decreases the number of qubits necessary for encoding a logical qubit. But this advantage is relatively modest, and broadly speaking, a ``fine-grained'' network of small modules containing only about eight qubits is competitive in total qubit count versus a ``course'' network with modules containing many hundreds of qubits.