gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oblivious Spatio-Temporal Watermarking of Digital Video by Exploiting the Human Visual System (2008)

Imperceptibility requirement in video watermarking is more challenging compared with its image counterpart due to the additional dimension existing in video. The embedding system should not only yield spatially invisible watermarks for each frame of the video, but it should also take the temporal dimension into account in order to avoid any flicker distortion between frames. While some of the methods in the literature approach this problem by only allowing arbitrarily small modifications within frames in different transform domains, some others simply use implicit spatial properties of the human visual system (HVS), such as luminance masking, spatial masking, and contrast masking. In addition, some approaches exploit explicitly the spatial thresholds of HVS to determine the location and strength of the watermark. However, none of the former approaches have focused on guaranteeing temporal invisibility and achieving maximum watermark strength along the temporal direction. In this paper, temporal dimension is exploited for video watermarking by means of utilizing temporal sensitivity of the HVS. The proposed method utilizes the temporal contrast thresholds of HVS to determine the maximum strength of watermark, which still gives imperceptible distortion after watermark insertion. Compared with some recognized methods in the literature, the proposed method avoids the typical visual degradations in the watermarked video, while still giving much better robustness against common video distortions, such as additive Gaussian noise, video coding, frame rate conversions, and temporal shifts, in terms of bit error rate.
Impaired Mitochondrial Function Results from Oxidative Stress in the Full-Term Placenta of Sows with Excessive Back-Fat (2020)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of excessive back-fat (BF) of sows on placental oxidative stress, ATP generation, mitochondrial alterations in content and structure, and mitochondrial function in isolated trophoblasts. Placental tissue was collected by vaginal delivery from BFI (15-20 mm, n = 10) and BFII (21-27 mm, n = 10) sows formed according to BF at mating. Our results demonstrated that excessive back-fat contributed to augmented oxidative stress in term placenta, as evidenced by excessive production of ROS, elevated protein carbonylation, and reduced SOD, GSH-PX, and CAT activities (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced mitochondrial respiration in cultured trophoblasts was linked to decreased ATP generation, lower mitochondrial Complex I activity and reduced expression of electron transport chain subunits in placenta of BFII sows (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, we observed negative alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis and structure in the placenta from BFII group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Finally, our in vitro studies showed lipid-induced ROS production resulted in mitochondrial alterations in trophoblasts, and these effects were blocked by antioxidant treatment. Together, these data reveal that excessive back-fat aggravates mitochondrial injury induced by increased oxidative stress in pig term placenta, which may have detrimental consequences on placental function and therefore impaired fetal growth and development.
Role of Microcolony Formation in the Protistan Grazing Defense of the Aquatic Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. MWH1. (2000)

A BSTRACTThe defense strategy of the aquatic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. MWH1 against flagellate grazing was investigated in chemostat and batch experiments. The influence of predation on the Pseudomonas population was studied in the absence and presence of a potential competitor ( Vibrio sp. CB5), as well as under starvation conditions and in a situation of unlimited growth. In the competition experiment the two bacterial strains were distinguished by immunofluorescence microscopy. When the Pseudomonas strain was cultured in the absence of the predator Ochromonas sp. DS, only mobile single cells were detectable. Grazing by this bacterivorous flagellate resulted in all experiments in the occurrence of a Pseudomonas subpopulation, which grew as floclike, suspended microcolonies. These microcolonies consisted of up to approximately 1,000 cells and were, because of their large size, protected against flagellate grazing. The microcolony subpopulation dominated the total Pseudomonas population in situations of high grazing pressure at a wide range of bacterial growth conditions. Thus, the formation of the microcolonies is interpreted as a successful grazing-defense strategy, which is effective under several growth conditions, allowing for the survival of the strain even when substrate depletion is combined with strong grazing pressure. Batch culture experiments demonstrated that the change in morphology of Pseudomonas sp. MWH1 is not controlled by growth rate, although no formation of microcolonies was observed after the addition of 0.2-&mgr;m-filtered flagellate cultures to Pseudomonas cultures, indicating that a chemical trigger released by the flagellate is not involved in the control of this defense mechanism.
Steam volatile constituents of the aerial parts of <i>paederia foetida</i> L (1994)

Abstract The volatile oils isolated by steam distillation from the leaves, stems and flowers of Paederia foetida L. were analysed by capillary GC and GC‐MS. Oxygen‐containing monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class in the three oils, which all contained linalol as the major component. However, some significant differences in the oil composition were observed. The dominant aroma components are believed to be sulphur‐containing compounds most of which were found in the leaf oil, the most abundant constituent within this chemical class being dimethyl disulphide.
Value Profiling and Optimization (1999)

Variables and instructions that have invariant or predictable values at run-time, but cannot be identified as such using compiler analysis, can benefit from value-based compiler optimizations. Value-based optimizations include all optimizations based on a predictable value or range of values for a variable or instruction at run-time. These include constant propagation, code specialization, optimizations assuming the value predictability of an instruction, continuous optimization, and partial evaluation. This paper explores the value behavior found from profiling load instructions and memory locations. We compare the value predictability and invariant behavior of instructions (registers) and variables (memory locations) found from value profiling across different inputs. We use the value profiles to perform code-specialization, showing that value profiles can be used to reduce a program &apos;s execution time up to 21%. The ability to accurately and efficiently generate value profiles is als...
General Survey of Diabetic Features of Yellow KK Mice (1970)

Yellow KK mice, carrying the yellow obese gene (Ay), developed marked adiposity and diabetic symptoms in comparison with their control littermates, black KK mice. The blood glucose and circulating insulin levels were increased progressively from 5 weeks of age in yellow KK mice. Age dependent alterlations were also observed in pancreas and kidney. Namely, degranulation and glycogen infiltration of B cells, first observed at 5 weeks of age, were followed by hypertrophy and central cavitation of islets. Renal glomerular changes, which were very similar to diffuse or exudative type of sclerosis in human diabetes, were also recognized in the mice at 16 weeks of age. These changes, though less remarkable, were also noted in their control littermates older than 16 weeks of age. Some metabolic defects were developed, as demonstrated by in vitro experiments. At younger age, lipogenesis by liver and adipose tissue was increased in yellow KK mice, but there was no noticeable difference in glucose oxidation by adipose tissue between both mice. Insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue was decreased with age in both mice, especially in yellow KK mice being reduced more remarkably to its complete loss at 16 weeks of age. These findings indicate that the yellow obese gene not only induces adiposity but also accelerates development of diabetic traits of KK mice. A possible mechanism for the observed diabetogenic action of the gene will be discussed.
Large-Scale Screening and Identification of Novel Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus Entry Inhibitors (2016)

Filoviruses are highly infectious, and no FDA-approved drug therapy for filovirus infection is available. Most work to find a treatment has involved only a few strains of Ebola virus and testing of relatively small drug libraries or compounds that have shown efficacy against other virus types. Here we report the findings of a high-throughput screening of 319,855 small molecules from the Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository library for their activities against Marburg virus and Ebola virus. Nine of the most potent, novel compounds that blocked infection by both viruses were analyzed in detail for their mechanisms of action. The compounds inhibited known key steps in the Ebola virus infection mechanism by blocking either cell surface attachment, macropinocytosis-mediated uptake, or endosomal trafficking. To date, very few specific inhibitors of macropinocytosis have been reported. The 2 novel macropinocytosis inhibitors are more potent inhibitors of Ebola virus infection and less toxic than ethylisopropylamiloride, one commonly accepted macropinocytosis inhibitor. Each compound blocked infection of primary human macrophages, indicating their potential to be developed as new antifiloviral therapies.
Cryoprecipitate production: the use of additives to enhance the yield (2006)

Cryoprecipitate is still widely used to treat hemophilia A in developing countries. However, the yield of factor VIII is relatively low averaging, i.e. only 50%. We have attempted to enhance the yield by adding sodium citrate to the plasma following the method of Shanbrom and Owens (Blood 98, 2001, 60a). Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) units were processed either as control plasma or after the addition of 10% sodium citrate. Cryoprecipitate was produced from both. After resuspension, calcium chloride was added to the citrated cryoprecipitate to correct for excess citrate prior to testing. The levels of FVIII and fibrinogen were determined in both preparations. The citrated cryoprecipitates had varying yields of fibrinogen and FVIII in the cryoprecipitate. The FVIII levels varied from 34% to 215% recovery. Fibrinogen ranged from 55.5% to 121.4%. We found that the addition of increasing amounts of CaCl2 to normal plasma raised the FVIII values from 1.0 to 4 U/ml. To determine the possibility of assay influence we added different quantities of CaCl2 to control plasma and measured the FVIII and activated partial thromboplastin time levels. Addition of citrate to plasma resulted in an increased total amount of cryoprecipitate much of which was citrate. Assays showed considerable ranges in the quantity of FVIII and fibrinogen. Activation of FVIII can be caused by addition of excess calcium.
Quantitative surface analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative surface analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA)Robert S. SwingleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 1, 21–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60351a021Request reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (475 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modelling of CMOS Compatible High Voltage Device Structures (1987)

The implementation and modelling of high voltage MOS transistors in a standard CMOS technology is described. High voltage n- and p- channel transistors, with breakdown voltages of 50 V and 180 V respectively, have been fabricated. Two dimensional device simulations are used to provide supporting evidence for the development of a simple SPICE compatible model, consisting of conventional MOSFETs and JFETS, which can be used to simulate the behaviour of these high voltage devices. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparison with experimental results.
Review article: systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2018)

The tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib (first line) and regorafenib (second line) have been approved for hepatocellular carcinoma, and the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab obtained conditional approval for sorafenib-experienced patients in the United States. With lenvatinib in the first line, and cabozantinib and ramucirumab in sorafenib-experienced patients, three more targeted therapies reached their primary endpoint in phase III trials and may soon be added to the treatment armamentarium.
A Monolithic GaN-IC With Integrated Control Loop for 400-V Offline Buck Operation Achieving 95.6% Peak Efficiency (2020)

Gallium nitride (GaN) transistors enable efficient and compact high-voltage power converters. In the state-of-the-art enhancement mode GaN-on-Si technology, a 650-V power transistor is formed as a lateral structure enabling monolithic integration with a driver and analog control circuits on one die. Offline power converters show a trend toward a higher level of integration, shifting from monolithic silicon (CMOS) to various integration levels in GaN technology. In this article, a monolithic, self-biased GaN buck converter for offline operation is presented, supporting both 110- and 230-V ac line voltage and providing up to 29-W output power. The converter shows a superior efficiency of 95.6 % and a very high level of integration in a 650-V p-GaN gate e-mode GaN-on-Si technology. Analog design techniques for GaN integration, such as an auto-zero comparator and a high-voltage supply regulator, are discussed. Experimental results of stand-alone circuit blocks and the full buck converter confirm the viability of monolithic GaN integration as a path toward compact and efficient offline power converters.
Blur Identification by Multilayer Neural Network Based on Multivalued Neurons (2008)

A multilayer neural network based on multivalued neurons (MLMVN) is a neural network with a traditional feedforward architecture. At the same time, this network has a number of specific different features. Its backpropagation learning algorithm is derivative-free. The functionality of MLMVN is superior to that of the traditional feedforward neural networks and of a variety kernel-based networks. Its higher flexibility and faster adaptation to the target mapping enables to model complex problems using simpler networks. In this paper, the MLMVN is used to identify both type and parameters of the point spread function, whose precise identification is of crucial importance for the image deblurring. The simulation results show the high efficiency of the proposed approach. It is confirmed that the MLMVN is a powerful tool for solving classification problems, especially multiclass ones.
World Wide Web working whilst ignoring graphics: good news for web page designers (2000)

Many web pages are made up of blocks of text with surrounding graphics. In some cases these graphics are animated in a variety of different ways. A common task of web users is to search the text on a web page for some information of interest and, often, this is what such pages’ designers expect. Where information extraction from text is likely to be the primary concern of both web users and designers, then it is useful to know if typical, current examples of surrounding graphics, animated or static, distract people from their primary information extraction task. An experiment using realistic web pages supports the view that experienced web users are not distracted by surrounding graphics. This is good news for web page designers because such graphics are often considered highly desirable, and are sometimes commercially essential as paid advertising. Data on the time it takes to search for information on web pages and their perceived complexity are also presented.
Investigation of Anion-pi Interactions in Inorganic, Organic and Biological Systems (2012)

Despite an ever growing number of reports concerning the anion-π interaction, controversy surrounding the nature of these weak supramolecular interactions continues. In an effort to further explore the nature and properties of anion-π interactions, experimental and computational methods were employed to study their occurrence in inorganic, organic and biological systems. \n\nAs part of ongoing research in the Dunbar group on the topic of anion-π based supramolecular interactions, the ligand 3,6-bis(2′-pyrimidyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (bmtz) was synthesized and reacted with [Cu(NCMe)4][BF4] to form the octanuclear complex [Cu8(bmtz)6][BF6]6·6MeCN. Crystallographic evidence indicates an in situ reduction of two of the complexed bmtz ligands to radical anions. A second blue compound has also been observed in this reaction, and recent work has resulted in a direct synthesis of this compound. Preliminary results indicate that this second compound contains Cu(II) centers, as expected. Further work is necessary to identify the second blue compound. \n\nIn an effort to explore the fundamental question of whether or not anion-π interactions can occur between complex anions and olefins a series of Density Functional Theory and ab initio computations have been preformed for the tetracyanoethylene, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-1,2,4,5-tetrafluoroquinodimethane and octacyanoquinodimethane molecules with the anions tetrafluoroborate and hexaflurophosphate. These optimizations indicate favorable interactions for all cases and are further supported by critical point analysis, performed using the Atoms in Molecules theory, and Natural Bond Orbitals analysis. \n\nDFT and NBO computations were also employed to explore the simultaneous anion-π and π-type charge transfer interactions observed between 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile and the chloride, bromide and iodide anions, as observed previously by the Dunbar group. Computations involving chloride and bromide anions are in full agreement with the previously reported spectroscopic and crystallographic evidence. \n\nFinally, the question of whether or not anion-π interactions occur in proteins was investigated by searching the Protein Data Bank for interactions between chloride or iodide anion and the aromatic moieties of the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Computer scripts were specifically written for this search and revealed promising interactions between chloride anions and all three amino acids. Procedural and statistical considerations preclude these examples from being definitive.
Waveform inversion based on wavefield decomposition (2016)

ABSTRACT Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a technique for determining the optimal model parameters by minimizing the seismic data misfit between observed and modeled data. The objective function may be highly nonlinear if the model is complex and low-frequency data are missing. If a data set mainly contains reflections, this problem particularly prevents the gradient-based methods from recovering the long wavelengths of the velocity model. Several authors observed that nonlinearity could be reduced by progressively introducing higher wavenumbers to the model. We have developed a new inversion workflow to solve this problem by breaking down the FWI gradient formula into four terms after wavefield decomposition and then selecting proper terms to invert for the short- and long-wavelength components of the velocity model alternately. Numerical tests applied on a 2D synthetic model indicate that this method is efficient at recovering the long wavelengths of the velocity model using mainly offset-limited reflection events. The source does not need to contain low frequencies. The initial velocity model may have large errors that would otherwise prevent convergence for conventional FWI.
Intrathecal Baclofen in Spinal Spasticity:Frequency and Severity of WithdrawalSyndrome (2015)

ITB withdrawal syndrome is a rare but life-threatening event and prompt diagnosis before treatment initiation is critical. The reported events were mostly mild due to the acute treatment regime and probably due to a lower dose of ITB. A prerequisite for successful ITB treatment is a deep knowledge of complications and their prompt management in the hands of a multidisciplinary team in specialized centers.
SUPERACIÓN DE LATENCIA, VIABILIDAD Y CARACTERIZACIÓN FÍSICA DE SEMILLAS DE Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit. (2013)

Este trabajo fue realizado con los objetivos de evaluar tratamientos pregerminativos para superar la latencia, evaluar la viabilidad de semillas por tetrazolio y realizar la caracterizacion fisica de los frutos y semillas de Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. Se utilizaron seis tratamientos: escarificacion electrica por 30 segundos, inmersion en agua a 80 oC por 5 minutos, inmersion en H2SO4 97% por 20 minutos, humedecimiento del sustrato con KNO3 al 0,2% e imbibicion en agua corriente por 48 h mas el testigo sin ningun tratamiento pregerminativo. Para la prueba de viabilidad se utilizaron dos concentraciones de tetrazolio al 0,075% y 1,0%. Se concluye que el tratamiento con H2SO4 97% por 20 minutos sirve para superar la latencia de semillas de leucaena; la prueba de viabilidad por tetrazolio es aplicable para estimar el porcentaje de viabilidad en semillas de leucaena. En la caracterizacion fisica se obtuvo un tamano promedio de las vainas de 23,66 cm de largo conteniendo en media 20 semillas por vaina; el peso de 100 semillas fue de 6,7 gramos.
Molecular organization of the mating type (Mat) locus of Exserohilum monoceras (Setosphaeria monoceras), a bioherbicide agent for Echinochloa weeds (2011)

Mating-type genes were cloned and sequenced in the heterothallic phytopathogenic fungus Exserohilum monoceras, a candidate bioherbicide for the control of Echinochloa weeds in rice fields. Using PCR-based methods, we determined both idiomorphs and flanking regions of these genes. The structural organization of the E. monoceras Mat locus was similar to that of other heterothallic ascomycetes. The MAT1-1-1 gene was 1191 bp and encoded a predicted protein of 379 amino acids with an α box domain. The MAT1-2-1 gene was 1093 bp and encoded a predicted protein of 345 amino acids with a high mobility group box domain. Expression of both MAT genes was detected under vegetative and invasive growth conditions. MAT-specific primers were developed to assess the mating-type frequency of E. monoceras field isolates. Both mating types were observed in Japanese field isolates. Analysis of mating types and sexual hybridization of E. monoceras could provide useful approaches for the conventional genetic manipulation of this fungus to produce a more efficient bioherbicide.