gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ADAMTS-13 cysteine-rich/spacer domains are functionally essential for von Willebrand factor cleavage (2003)

A severe lack of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (VWF-CP) activity can cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). This protease was recently identified as a member of the ADAMTS family, ADAMTS-13. It consists of a preproregion, a metalloprotease domain, a disintegrin-like domain, a thrombospondin type-1 motif (Tsp1), a cysteine-rich domain, a spacer domain, additional Tsp1 repeats, and CUB domains. To explore the structural and functional relationships of ADAMTS-13, we prepared here 13 sequential COOH-terminal truncated mutants and a single-point mutant (ArgGlyAsp [RGD] to ArgGlyGlu [RGE] in the cysteine-rich domain) and compared the activity of each mutant with that of the wild-type protein. The results revealed that the truncation of the cysteine-rich/spacer domains caused a remarkable reduction in VWF-CP activity. We also prepared immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions containing inhibitory autoantibodies against ADAMTS-13 from plasma from 3 patients with acquired TTP, and we performed mapping of their epitopes using the aforementioned mutants. The major epitopes of these antibodies were found to reside within the cysteine-rich/spacer domains. These results suggest that the ADAMTS-13 cysteine-rich/spacer domains are essential for VWF-CP activity.
Flight Simulator and Training Human Factors Validation (2009)

Loss of control has been identified as the leading cause of aircraft accidents in recent years. Efforts have been made to better equip pilots to deal with these types of events, commonly referred to as upsets. A major challenge in these endeavors has been recreating the motion environments found in flight as the majority of upsets take place well beyond the normal operating envelope of large aircraft. The Environmental Tectonics Corporation has developed a simulator motion base, called GYROLAB, that is capable of recreating the sustained accelerations, or G-forces, and motions of flight. A two part research study was accomplished that coupled NASA's Generic Transport Model with a GYROLAB device. The goal of the study was to characterize physiological effects of the upset environment and to demonstrate that a sustained motion based simulator can be an effective means for upset recovery training. Two groups of 25 Air Transport Pilots participated in the study. The results showed reliable signs of pilot arousal at specific stages of similar upsets. Further validation also demonstrated that sustained motion technology was successful in improving pilot performance during recovery following an extensive training program using GYROLAB technology.
Noncascaded intersubband injection lasers and scaling with the number of stages in quantum cascade lasers (2003)

Summary form only given. We demonstrate the first noncascaded intersubband injection laser based on a single active region. Several major advantages arise from this new structure: first, only few layers are necessary to build the active region core, which simplifies sample growth and preparation. Second, low operating voltage of 2 to 3 V was achieved which is essential for applications which have previously been optimized for interband diode lasers and their low voltage compliance requirements. The laser structure has been grown in the InGaAs-AlInAs on InP material system using molecular beam epitaxy.
Spatially variant apodization algorithm (1993)

Apodization (apertureplane weighting) suppresses impulse-response sidelobes in imagery.
Generalized vector state-scalar observation Kalman channel estimator for doubly-selective OFDM systems (2013)

Recently, we presented a low-complexity vector state-scalar observation (VSSO) Kalman channel estimator for doubly-selective OFDM systems in [1]. In [1], we derived the decoupling equations, where a received pilot symbol vector is decoupled into L scalars, L being the number of multipaths of the channel. This decoupling concept formed the basis of the VSSO Kalman channel estimator. However, in [1], we considered only one observed subcarrier from each pilot cluster. In this paper, we consider more than one observed pilot subcarriers from each pilot cluster and work out a more generalized form of the decoupling equation. This paves way to a more generalized form of the VSSO Kalman estimator. The performance and complexity results are shown compared to an existing vector state-vector observation Kalman estimator. It will be seen that our proposed VSSO method achieves the same performance as the existing vector state-vector observation (VSVO) method [2] and results in more than 90% complexity savings. Results are also presented for a practical system like a digital video broadcasting (DVB-H) system.
Extended depth of focus imaging: a review (2010)

We review approaches for extending the depth of focus of different imaging systems including the human vision system. Approaches involving digital postprocessing as well as different types of all-optical techniques are discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of Melanins From Dihydroxyindole‐2‐Carboxylic Acid and Dihydroxyindole (1992)

Several studies have confirmed that a melanocyte-specific enzyme, dopachrome tautomerase (EC 5.3.2.3), catalyzes the isomerization of dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) (Pawelek, 1991). Here we report that DHICA, produced either enzymatically with dopachrome tautomerase or through chemical synthesis, spontaneously polymerized to form brown melanin that was soluble in aqueous solutions above pH 5. Under the same reaction conditions, solutions of either DOPA, DOPAchrome, or 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) formed black, insoluble melanin precipitates. When DHICA and DHI were mixed together, with DHICA in molar excess, little or no precipitation of DHI-melanin occurred and the rate and extent of soluble melanin formation was markedly enhanced over that achieved with DHICA alone, suggesting co-polymerization of DHICA and DHI. With or without DHI, DHICA-melanins absorbed throughout the ultraviolet and visible spectra (200-600 nm). The DHICA-melanins precipitated below pH 5, at least in part because of protonation of the carboxyl groups. DHICA-melanins could be passed through 0.22 micron filters but could not be dialyzed through semi-permeable membranes with exclusion limits of 12,000-14,000 daltons. HPLC/molecular sieve analyses revealed apparent molecular weights ranging from 20,000 to 200,000 daltons, corresponding to 100-1,000 DHICA monomers per molecule of melanin. DHICA-melanins were stable to boiling, lyophilization, freezing and thawing, and incubation at room temperature for more than 1 year. The natural occurrence of oligomers of DHICA was first reported by Ito and Nichol (1974) in their studies of the brown tapetal pigment in the eye of the sea catfish (Arius felis L.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Robust torque and torque-per-inertia optimization of a switched reluctance motor using the Taguchi methods (2006)

This paper presents the use of Taguchi methods in optimizing a switched reluctance motor (SRM) for applications requiring fast actuation. In these applications, the SRM is designed to provide a high electromagnetic torque-to-inertia ratio required for high rates of mechanical acceleration. This is accomplished using two simultaneous robust optimizations of an SRM, namely: 1) an optimization of the motor torque and 2) an optimization of the torque per inertia (mechanical acceleration). The Taguchi two-step optimization method and the zero-point-proportional dynamic response were used successfully in the double optimization. Two orthogonal arrays were used to lead the design of experiments (DOE). Finite-element analysis was used to compute the performance of the motor designs generated by the Taguchi DOE.
(R)-4-Oxo-5-phosphononorvaline: a new competitive glutamate antagonist at the NMDA receptor complex (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(R)-4-Oxo-5-phosphononorvaline: a new competitive glutamate antagonist at the NMDA receptor complexJeffrey P. Whitten, Bruce M. Baron, Daniel Muench, Francis Miller, H. Steven White, and Ian A. McDonaldCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 11, 2961–2963Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00173a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00173a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of selective brush chemistry and surface functionalization for directed self-assembly of block copolymers (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is one approach to the pattern density multiplication required to achieve high-volume manufacturing of the next-generation memory and storage devices. One important application for DSA is in manufacturing of nanoimprint templates for the next-generation bit patterned media. A hybrid chemo-/grapho-epitaxy DSA process has been developed that produced 5 nm line-and-space DSA patterns on a chromium hard mask surface. The guide lines for this process were produced by imprint lithography. The process requires a polar guide stripe, which is the trim-etched imprint resist, and a near neutral substrate, which is the etched chromium. This requires selective grafting of near neutral polymer brushes to the etched chromium and not to the etched imprint guidelines. This selectivity is one critical requirement for the process [1]. Orientation and alignment of line-and-space patterns that traverse through the entire BCP film were successfully employed to pattern the chromium hard mask. We have investigated the reactivity of etched chromium surfaces with various polymer brush chemistries and found that the choice of the end-functional groups, monomer structures, and grafting temperature all play significant roles in selective functionalization. The etched chromium surface was found to be more reactive with various polymer brushes than etched silicon under mild brush grafting conditions. Hence, lower grafting temperatures could be exploited for achieving selectivity of polymer brush to the etched chromium while not reacting with the etched imprint guidelines. Thus, several polymer brushes that form a thin layer of brush on etched chromium were found to modify the surface energy of the etched chromium without significant interaction with the etched imprint resist. Successful pattern transfer of 5 nm line-and-space patterns was achieved. 1. Lane, A. P., et al. ACS Nano (2017), 11 (8), 7656–7665.
Automatic online spectral calibration of Fourier-domain OCT for robotic surgery (2011)

We present a new automatic spectral calibration (ASC) method for spectral Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Our ASC method calibrates the spectral mapping of the spectrometer in SD-OCT, and does not require external calibrating light source or a commercial spectral analyzer. The ASC method simultaneously calibrates the physical pixel spacing of the A-scan in static and dynamic environments. Experimental results show that the proposed ASC method can provide satisfactory calibration for SD-OCT to achieve high axial resolution and high ranging accuracy, without increasing hardware complexity.
Lead Optimization of Aryl and Aralkyl Amine-Based Triazolopyrimidine Inhibitors of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase with Antimalarial Activity in Mice (2011)

Malaria is one of the leading causes of severe infectious disease worldwide; yet, our ability to maintain effective therapy to combat the illness is continually challenged by the emergence of drug resistance. We previously reported identification of a new class of triazolopyrimidine-based Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) inhibitors with antimalarial activity, leading to the discovery of a new lead series and novel target for drug development. Active compounds from the series contained a triazolopyrimidine ring attached to an aromatic group through a bridging nitrogen atom. Herein, we describe systematic efforts to optimize the aromatic functionality with the goal of improving potency and in vivo properties of compounds from the series. These studies led to the identification of two new substituted aniline moieties (4-SF(5)-Ph and 3,5-Di-F-4-CF(3)-Ph), which, when coupled to the triazolopyrimidine ring, showed good plasma exposure and better efficacy in the Plasmodium berghei mouse model of the disease than previously reported compounds from the series.
Users Guide to LOWTRAN 7 (1988)

LOWTRAN 7 is a low-resolution propagation model and computer code for predicting atmospheric transmittance and background radiance from 0 to 50,000 cm -1 at a resolution of 20 cm -1. The code is based on the LOWTRAN 6 (1983) model. Multiple scattered radiation has been added to the model as well as new molecular band model parameters and new ozone and molecular oxygen absorption parameters for the UV. Other modifications include a wind dependent desert model, new cirrus cloud models, and new cloud and rain models. The code also includes new representative (geographical and seasonal) atmospheric models and updated aerosol models with options to replace them with user-derived values. An improved extra-terrestrial solar source function is also included. Six modes of program execution are allowed with the new model and computer code for a given slant path geometry. This report contains a description to users for operating the LOWTRAN 7 computer code. It summarizes the capabilities of the new code, provides complete operating instructions as well as input and output from test cases for user validation. Also included are operating instructions for three programs that utilize LOWTRAN 7 output (plot, filter and scanning function programs). Keywords: Computer program documentation, Subroutines, Radiative transfer, Aerosols, Clouds, Attenuation, Lowtran, Computer code, Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared.
Disocclusion mitigation for point cloud imposters (2016)

Image based imposters suffer from common errors called disocclusion artifacts where portions of the scene that should be occluded by real geometry are visible when using image based imposters. These artifacts are the result of parallax error created by camera motion where regions of a mesh that were not visible at the time of imposter generation have become visible. This document presents an analysis of a computationally inexpensive on-line technique [Mourning et al. 2014] to resolve these disocclusions by stretching existing imposter [Maciel and Shirley 1995] texture information over new geometry bridging the gap between imposters. [Mourning et al. 2014] only presented automatic metrics showing improved image quality compared to traditional techniques; in order to corroborate the findings in [Mourning et al. 2014], human trials were performed to determine if human subjects found a similar increase in image quality. Results show a statistically significant improvement in image quality over traditional imposters.
Hybrid Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles as Polarization-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes (2013)

Much work has been done on collapsed chains of conjugated semiconducting polymers and their applications as fluorescent probes or sensors. On surfaces spin-coated with semiconducting polymers, excitation energy transfer along the polymer backbone can be used to quickly and efficiently funnel energy to chromophores with localized energy minima. If each chromophore is immobilized within its matrix, this can result in a large fluorescence anisotropy. Through nanoprecipitation of a matrix polymer blended at low mass ratios with short-chain, hydrophobic, fluorescent semiconducting polymers, we took advantage of this large fluorescence anisotropy to make polarization-sensitive nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs are small (~7 nm in diameter), exhibit a high quantum yield of 0.75, and are easily functionalized to bind to protein targets. Excitation of the NPs with polarized light on a wide-field fluorescence microscope enabled monitoring of both protein location and changes in protein orientation.
Development of N- and O-linked oligosaccharide engineered <i>Saccharomyces</i><i>cerevisiae</i>strain (2016)

Yeast cells have been engineered for the production of glycoproteins as biopharmaceuticals with humanized N-linked oligosaccharides. The suppression of yeast-specific O-mannosylation is important to reduce immune response and to improve heterologous protein productivity in the production of biopharmaceuticals. However, so far, there are few reports of the engineering of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides in yeast cells. In the present study, we describe the generation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of producing a glycoprotein with humanized Man<sub>5</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub> N-linked oligosaccharides, an intermediate of mammalian hybrid- and complex-type oligosaccharides, while suppressing O-mannosylation. First, a yeast strain that produces a glycoprotein with Man<sub>5</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub> was isolated by introducing msdS encoding α-1,2-mannosidase into a strain synthesizing Man<sub>8</sub>GlcNAc<sub>2</sub> N-linked oligosaccharides. Next, to suppress O-mannosylation, an O-mannosyltransferase-deficient strain was generated by disrupting PMT1 and PMT2 Although the relative amount of O-linked oligosaccharides in the disruptant was reduced to approximately 40% of that in wild type cells, this strain exhibited growth defects and decreased protein productivity. To overcome the growth defects, we applied a mutagenesis technique that is based on the disparity theory of evolution. Finally, to improve protein productivity of the growth-recovered strain, vacuolar proteases PEP4 and PRB1 were further disrupted. Thus, by combining genetic engineering and disparity mutagenesis, we generated an Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose N- and O-linked oligosaccharide synthetic pathways were engineered to effectively produce the heterologous protein.
Registration of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using a progressive principal component registration (PPCR) (2007)

Registration of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images (DCE-MRI) of soft tissue is difficult. Conventional registration cost functions that depend on information content are compromised by the changing intensity profile, leading to misregistration. We present a new data-driven model of uptake patterns formed from a principal components analysis (PCA) of time-series data, avoiding the need for a physiological model. We term this process progressive principal component registration (PPCR). Registration is performed repeatedly to an artificial time series of target images generated using the principal components of the current best-registered time-series data. The aim is to produce a dataset that has had random motion artefacts removed but long-term contrast enhancement implicitly preserved. The procedure is tested on 22 DCE-MRI datasets of the liver. Preliminary assessment of the images is by expert observer comparison with registration to the first image in the sequence. The PPCR is preferred in all cases where a preference exists. The method requires neither segmentation nor a pharmacokinetic uptake model and can allow successful registration in the presence of contrast enhancement.
Resolving the Mixed Salinity Challenges with a Methodology Developed from Pulsed Neutron Capture Gamma Ray Spectral Measurements (2014)

Abstract The mixed-salinity environment poses a challenge in petrophysics. Many efforts have been made, but the industry still lacks a workable solution for accurate formation measurements in the presence of variable or unknown water salinity, especially in reservoir surveillance when well completion restrictions require running slim logging tools. A pulsed-neutron (PN) spectroscopy tool was characterized using laboratory limestone formations and with data generated through Monte Carlo simulation. Seventy-six measurements were conducted with conditions of openhole (OH) and cased-hole (CH) completion, porosities of 15.4 and 42.9%, borehole fluids of water and oil, and borehole and formation water salinities of 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 ppk. These were supplemented with 88 modeled points to better define the porosity (extending down to 0%) and salinity dependence of the tool response. Twenty additional measurements were taken in a dolomite formation to investigate lithology dependence and ten additional measurements were taken with oil in a 43.9% porosity formation to investigate fluid saturation dependence. Salinity is derived from data obtained with a PN tool operated in the carbon/oxygen (C/O) mode. Ratios of the elemental yield of chlorine (Cl) to that of hydrogen (H) are computed from the near- and far-detector capture gamma-ray spectra. Using a scheme similar to C/O log interpretation for oil saturation, crossplots of the near- and far-detector Cl to H ratios were generated. A quadrilateral is formed on this crossplot by separately varying the borehole and formation water salinities. The established quadrilaterals, a newly developed algorithm to handle intermediate values of near and far ratios and of porosity, and independently obtained borehole water holdup (Yw) and reservoir water saturation (Sw) are then used to compute the borehole and formation water salinities that produced the measured Cl to H ratios. Results obtained were compared with values determined from formation tester samples, demonstrating that a solution for accurate formation water salinity determination is established, thus resolving the challenge of mixed salinity in formation evaluation and reservoir surveillance.
High surface area graphitized carbon with uniform mesopores synthesised by a colloidal imprinting methodElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental: preparation of the graphitized colloid-impregnated carbon. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b200702a/ (2002)

Heat treatment of mesoporous carbons obtained by colloidal imprinting of mesophase pitch particles was used to prepare graphitized carbons with uniform mesopores and high surface area.
<title>Achromatic diffractive optical elements</title> (1995)

A novel design for a zero-order achromatic diffractive optical element is presented. Applications of the optical element are discussed. Tolerances on the material properties and fabrication considerations are presented. The predicted performance characteristics, including optical efficiency and effective bandwidth, are presented.