gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual to Text: Survey of Image and Video Captioning (2019)

Visual data such as images and videos are easily accessible nowadays, and they play critical roles in many real-world applications like surveillance. This raises a series of technological demands for automatic visual understanding and content summarization, which has guided the research community to move towards a better achievement of such capabilities. Meanwhile, it presents the big challenge of semantic understanding of video content and automatically translating them into human language. When developing such automatic translation systems, one critical issue is how to bridge the gap between low level features and high level semantic information. Furthermore, as a large amount of videos are captured under unconstrained conditions by nonprofessional users, this issue becomes even more serious. Therefore, brand new sets of technologies are required to address these difficulties and narrow the semantic gap effectively. These thoughts drive us to survey the complete state-of-the-art techniques in the visual to text topic. Existing methods, popular datasets, technical difficulties, and promising future directions are discussed systematically. In particular, we classify existing methods by their mechanism to link visual information (including both images and videos) and text descriptions, and emphasize the latest advances on deep learning based approaches. The quantitative evaluations of representative approaches on benchmark dataset are also presented and discussed. Finally, we provide with the promising research directions on this topic.
PeerWatch (2010)

Server virtualization is now becoming an effective means to consolidate numerous applications into a small number of machines. While such a strategy can lead to significant savings in power and hardware cost, it may complicate the fault management task due to the increasing scalability and complexity in the virtualized environment. In this paper, we propose PeerWatch, a fault detection and diagnosis tool specially designed for virtualized consolidation systems. Based on the observation that each application usually reveals itself in multiple instances in the virtualized data center, PeerWatch introduces a statistical technique, canonical correlation analysis (CCA), to extract the correlated characteristics between multiple application instances. The extracted correlations are utilized to examine the status of each application instance. If some correlations drop significantly during the operation, PeerWatch regards that the system is in faulty situation and produces alarms. PeerWatch is robust to system dynamics, compared to traditional fault detection techniques and thus can avoid a lot of false alarms. Once the fault has been detected, PeerWatch proposes a diagnosis process that also takes advantage of the multiple instances feature in the virtualized systems. The diagnosis combines the spatial and temporal analysis on the measurement data across multiple instances before and after the failure. As a result, PeerWatch can obtain much accurate clues about the fault root cause. Experimental results in our virtualized testbed system have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed detection and diagnosis tool.
Development of a weatherproof windscreen for a microphone array (2006)

Microphone windscreens are typically used to reduce the noise associated with wind flowing over a microphone diaphragm by reducing the velocity of the airflow.While most windscreens are effective at reducing this noise, they do not protect the microphone from many natural elements, such as moisture, sand, and other small particles.The focus of this research was to design a windscreen that protects an array of five microphones located around a 4.5-inch diameter cylinder from these natural elements.The design goals were to have a wind noise attenuation of at least 8 dB, an insertion loss of less than 1 dB from 5-1000 Hz, and a phase shift error of less than 3% over the same range.Computer simulations and experimental testing were used to select two basic designs.Four experimental tests consisting of wind noise attenuation, sand entrapment, insertion loss, and phase change measurements were used to optimize the geometry of
Synthetic peptides VH(27-68) and VH(16-68) of the myeloma immunoglobulin M603 heavy chain and their association with the natural light chain to form an antigen binding site (1987)

A 53-residue peptide corresponding to the variable region 16-68 of the heavy chain of phosphocholine binding mouse myeloma M603 protein was synthesized by a solid-phase fragment strategy. The homogeneity of the VH(16-68) peptide was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and mass spectrometry. Synthetic VH(16-68) associated with the M603 light chain, and about 27% of the recombination mixture bound to phosphocholine immobilized on Sepharose as compared to a 28% binding yield obtained for the recombined natural light and heavy chains under the same conditions. The binding yield for the recombinant of the light chain with previously prepared VH(27-68) fragment was about 11%. These semisynthetic antibodies VH(27-68) and VH(16-68) light chain recombinants are forerunners of structural variants designed to study the antigen binding pocket of the M603 immunoglobulin.
Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy (2014)

Structural determination of proteins is rather challenging for proteins with molecular masses between 40 - 200 kDa. Considering that more than half of natural proteins have a molecular mass between 40 - 200 kDa, a robust and high-throughput method with a nanometer resolution capability is needed. Negative staining (NS) electron microscopy (EM) is an easy, rapid, and qualitative approach which has frequently been used in research laboratories to examine protein structure and protein-protein interactions. Unfortunately, conventional NS protocols often generate structural artifacts on proteins, especially with lipoproteins that usually form presenting rouleaux artifacts. By using images of lipoproteins from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) as a standard, the key parameters in NS specimen preparation conditions were recently screened and reported as the optimized NS protocol (OpNS), a modified conventional NS protocol. Artifacts like rouleaux can be greatly limited by OpNS, additionally providing high contrast along with reasonably high-resolution (near 1 nm) images of small and asymmetric proteins. These high-resolution and high contrast images are even favorable for an individual protein (a single object, no average) 3D reconstruction, such as a 160 kDa antibody, through the method of electron tomography. Moreover, OpNS can be a high-throughput tool to examine hundreds of samples of small proteins. For example, the previously published mechanism of 53 kDa cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) involved the screening and imaging of hundreds of samples. Considering cryo-EM rarely successfully images proteins less than 200 kDa has yet to publish any study involving screening over one hundred sample conditions, it is fair to call OpNS a high-throughput method for studying small proteins. Hopefully the OpNS protocol presented here can be a useful tool to push the boundaries of EM and accelerate EM studies into small protein structure, dynamics and mechanisms.
Downlink radio resource management approach for 3G W-CDMA networks (2005)

The design of radio resource management strategies is an important issue in the context of 3G W-CDMA-based systems such as UTRAN. Some of the relevant elements influencing downlink RRM are identified and presented, in particular, the downlink admission threshold and the importance of establishing some limits on the maximum power per connection. The effect of these two parameters is studied for different cell radius scenarios. Moreover, the capacity of the system is determined under certain established quality of service requirements, in terms of admission probability, block error rate and dropping probability.
Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Making Recombinant Constructs (2003)

The capacity to recombine and modify DNA are underpinnings of the recombinant DNA revolution. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (1,2) provides a rapid means for the site-directed mutagenesis of DNA and for the recombination of DNA (1-9). Recently, two methods have been introduced that permit site-directed mutagenesis and DNA recombination without any enzymatic reaction in vitro apart from DNA amplification (5-9). The first method is accomplished by using separate PCR amplifications to generate products, such that when these products are combined, denatured, and reannealed, they form doublestranded DNA with single-stranded ends that are designed to anneal to each other to yield circles, an application termed recombinant circle PCR (RCPCR; see Chapter 27 ).
Dynamic Multi-Keyword Ranked Search Based on Bloom Filter Over Encrypted Cloud Data (2019)

Cloud computing has become a popular approach to manage personal data for the economic savings and management flexibility in recent year. However, the sensitive data must be encrypted before outsourcing to cloud servers for the consideration of privacy, which makes some traditional data utilization functions, such as the plaintext keyword search, impossible. To solve this problem, we present a multi-keyword ranked search scheme over encrypted cloud data supporting dynamic operations efficiently. Our scheme utilizes the vector space model combined with TF $\times $ IDF rule and cosine similarity measure to achieve a multi-keyword ranked search. However, traditional solutions have to suffer high computational costs. In order to achieve the sub-linear search time, our scheme introduces Bloom filter to build a search index tree. What is more, our scheme can support dynamic operation properly and effectively on the account of the property of the Bloom filter, which means that the updating cost of our scheme is lower than other schemes. We present our basic scheme first, which is secure under the known ciphertext model. Then, the enhanced scheme is presented later to guarantee security even under the known background model. The experiments on the real-world data set show that the performances of our proposed schemes are satisfactory.
An ideal characterization of when a subspace of certain Banach spaces has the metric compact approximation property (1998)

C.-M. Cho and W. B. Johnson showed that if a subspace E of $ℓ_p$, 1 < p < ∞, has the compact approximation property, then K(E) is an M-ideal in ℒ(E). We prove that for every r,s ∈ ]0,1] with $r^2 + s^2 < 1$, the James space can be provided with an equival
On the large- and small-scale motions in a separated, turbulent-boundary-layer flow (2019)

Adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer flow was inspected at Reynolds number based on momentum thickness, Reθ≈1200, using particle image velocimetry in a refractive-index-matching flume. Proper orthogonal decomposition was used to quantify the effect of large-scale motions on the Reynolds stresses at the onset of separation and within the separated flow. Results show that approximately 90% of the Reynolds shear stress, uv¯, is due to large-scale motions containing 65% of the turbulence kinetic energy at the tested Reynolds number. The decomposed velocity field revealed that only the first ∼10% of the modes is sufficient to recover 65% of the turbulence kinetic energy. In this partition, the large-scale motion contribution to the streamwise component of the Reynolds normal stress, u2¯, is about 70% and continues to grow with flow separation. In addition, the large- and small-scale motions equally contributed to the vertical component of the Reynolds normal stress, v2¯, and the contribution of the large-scale motions increased as the flow separated. Overall, results emphasise the significant impact of the large-scale motions on the Reynolds stresses in the separated flow, which may impact flow control strategies.
Mechanism of expression of the overlapping genes of Bacillus subtilis aspartokinase II. (1988)

The mechanism of expression of the overlapping genes that encode the alpha and beta subunits of aspartokinase II of Bacillus subtilis was studied by specific mutagenesis of the cloned coding sequence. Escherichia coli or B. subtilis VB31 (aspartokinase II-deficient), transformed with plasmids carrying either a deletion of the translation start site and about one-half of the coding region for the larger alpha subunit or a frameshift mutation early in the alpha subunit coding region, produced the smaller beta subunit in the absence of alpha subunit synthesis, indicating that beta subunit is not derived from alpha subunit and that its synthesis does not depend on the alpha subunit translation initiation site. The beta subunit translation start site was identified by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the putative translation start codon. Modification of the nucleotide sequence encoding methionine residue 247 of the alpha subunit from ATG to either TTA or AAT (but not GTG) abolished beta subunit synthesis but had no effect on the production of alpha subunit. This observation is consistent with peptide chain initiation by N-formylmethionine, which specifically requires an ATG or GTG sequence, and indicates that translation of the beta subunit starts at a site corresponding to Met247 of the alpha subunit. Initial studies on the function of the aspartokinase II subunits, using E. coli as a heterologous host, showed that beta subunit was not essential for the expression of the catalytic function of aspartokinase, measured in vitro and in vivo, nor for its allosteric regulation by L-lysine. Whether the beta subunit has a function specific to B. subtilis needs to be explored in a homologous expression system.
Synthesis of Marine Sponge Bisindole Alkaloids Dihydrohamacanthins (2002)

A convergent synthesis of the marine sponge bisindole alkaloids dihydrohamacanthins is described. The synthesis centers on the construction of 3,5- and 3,6-linked pyrazinones and their reduction to the requisite piperazinones with sodium cyanoborohydride.
Prior high‐risk <scp>HPV</scp> testing and <scp>P</scp>ap test results for 427 invasive cervical cancers in China's largest <scp>CAP</scp>‐certified laboratory (2015)

These data demonstrate a considerable prior hrHPV-negative rate and a lower prior Pap-negative rate in patients with invasive cervical carcinoma (especially adenocarcinoma) from a population of women without access to an established screening program.
Real-time single-molecule observation of rolling-circle DNA replication (2009)

We present a simple technique for visualizing replication of individual DNA molecules in real time. By attaching a rolling-circle substrate to a TIRF microscope-mounted flow chamber, we are able to monitor the progression of single-DNA synthesis events and accurately measure rates and processivities of single T7 and Escherichia coli replisomes as they replicate DNA. This method allows for rapid and precise characterization of the kinetics of DNA synthesis and the effects of replication inhibitors.
1.55-μm vertical-cavity laser arrays for wavelength-division multiplexing (2001)

We report on the fabrication and operation of the first electrically pumped 1.55-/spl mu/m vertical-cavity laser array for wavelength-division-multiplexing applications. The array consisted of four channels operating between 1509 and 1524 nm. Wafer bonding was used to integrate GaAs-AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors with an InP-InGaAsP active region.
Large-scale neuromorphic computing systems (2016)

Neuromorphic computing covers a diverse range of approaches to information processing all of which demonstrate some degree of neurobiological inspiration that differentiates them from mainstream conventional computing systems. The philosophy behind neuromorphic computing has its origins in the seminal work carried out by Carver Mead at Caltech in the late 1980s. This early work influenced others to carry developments forward, and advances in VLSI technology supported steady growth in the scale and capability of neuromorphic devices. Recently, a number of large-scale neuromorphic projects have emerged, taking the approach to unprecedented scales and capabilities. These large-scale projects are associated with major new funding initiatives for brain-related research, creating a sense that the time and circumstances are right for progress in our understanding of information processing in the brain. In this review we present a brief history of neuromorphic engineering then focus on some of the principal current large-scale projects, their main features, how their approaches are complementary and distinct, their advantages and drawbacks, and highlight the sorts of capabilities that each can deliver to neural modellers.
Random comparison of repeated faecal immunochemical testing at different intervals for population-based colorectal cancer screening (2012)

The total number of advanced neoplasia found at repeat FIT screening is not influenced by the interval length within a range of 1-3 years. Furthermore, there is a stable and acceptably high participation in the second screening round. This implies that screening intervals can be tailored to local resources.
Microwave oven interference on wireless LANs operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band (2002)

Commercial microwave ovens as applied in restaurants have two magnetron tubes and compared to domestic kitchen counterparts they spread the higher RF power and radiated heating energy more evenly. The domestic kitchen or residential microwave ovens have only one magnetron tube. The interference from the commercial type of microwave ovens is more difficult to characterise than the interference from the residential ones. The commercial type of microwave ovens radiate a CW-like interference that sweeps over tens of MHz during the two bursts per mains power cycle. The residential ones give a CW-like interference that has a more or less stable frequency near 2.45 GHz occurring once per mains power cycle. The impact of the interference from the commercial type of microwave ovens on wireless LANs conforming the IEEE 802.11 standard for both DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) and FHSS (frequency hopping spread spectrum) has been evaluated.
Consumer Electronics for Engineers (1998)

This book explains clearly the operating principles of 'real world' electronic devices, including video recorders, compact disk players, and mobile phones. Each chapter begins with a brief historical overview of the device concerned. The author then describes the key principles of each device's operation and presents a block circuit diagram. Next he analyzes these 'real world' circuits in detail, and, finally, he discusses the present state-of-the-art. This approach will help to integrate the many different aspects of an electrical engineer's course work, from physical optics to digital signal processing, as never before. Very accessible and containing over 350 illustrations and many exercises, this book will be an ideal textbook for undergraduate students of electrical engineering, and will also appeal to practising engineers.
A rigorous three plane mode-matching technique for characterizing waveguide T-junctions, and its application in multiplexer design (1991)

A rigorous method for modeling rectangular waveguide T-junctions is presented. The method characterizes the waveguide discontinuity three times the side-arm of the T-junction is terminated in a short circuit with three different lengths, and hence is called the three plane mode-matching technique (TPMMT). Computed and measured data on both E-plane and H-plane T-junctions are compared, showing excellent agreement for the magnitudes and phases of the scattering matrix elements. Element values of equivalent circuit models are computed and approximated by simple polynomials or rational functions, given excellent accuracy. By using the S-parameters obtained from the TPMMT method, a network model of a waveguide manifold multiplexer is formulated. All parameters of the multiplexer, including the manifold dimensions and the filters, are optimized using this network model in terms of the multiplexer specification. The experimental results match the computed optimum results without further adjustment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid aerial mapping with multiple heterogeneous unmanned vehicles (2022)

Abstract—One focus of research at Frauhofer IOSB is the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles for data acquisition. Past efforts have lead to the development of a hardware and software system able to rapidly generate a complete and up-to-date aerial image by combining several single high resolution pictures taken by multiple unmanned aerial vehicles. However, the path planning component of the system was not designed to support no-fly zones inside the area of interest. Besides, the system assumed that all vehicles would have equal flight range and the same sensor footprint. In this paper, we address these limitations and present a new complete coverage path planning algorithm with support for no-fly zones inside the area of interest. The proposed method is suitable for non-convex areas, possibly with holes, to be covered by one or more maneuverable systems such as multi-rotor aircraft. Range and sensor footprint of the aircraft may differ.
Multiparametric cloth-based wearable, SimpleSense, estimates blood pressure (2022)

Targeted maintenance of blood pressure for hypertensive patients requires accurate monitoring of blood pressure at home. Use of multiparametric vital signs ECG, heart sounds, and thoracic impedance for blood pressure estimation at home has not been reported previously. In an observational multi-site study, 120 subjects (female (N = 61, 52%)) between 18 and 83 years of age were recruited with the following stratification (Normal (20%), prehypertensive (37%), stage 1(26%), and stage 2 (18%). From these subjects, 1686 measurements of blood pressure from a sphygmomanometer were associated with simultaneously acquired signals from the SimpleSense device. An ensemble of tree-based models was trained with inputs as metrics derived from the multiparametric and patient demographics data. A test Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) of ± 6.38 mm of Hg and ± 5.10 mm of Hg were obtained for systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP; DBP), respectively. Comparatively, the MAD for wrist-worn blood pressure cuff OMRON BP6350 (GUDID-10073796266353) was ± 8.92 mm of Hg and ± 6.86 mm of Hg, respectively. Machine learning models trained to use multiparametric data can monitor SBP and DBP without the need for calibration, and with accuracy levels comparable to at-home cuff-based blood pressure monitors.