gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tannin-Mordant Coloration with Matcha (camelia sinensis) and Iron(II)-Lactate on Human Hair Tresses (2021)

The aim of this work was to optimize our natural hair dyeing system which we described in our previous work and to compare with other dyeing systems. Therefore, we investigated concentration limits of matcha and mordant and compared this new dyeing method with commercial permanent systems on the market. Completely unpigmented hair tresses were dyed with matcha powder <i>(camelia sinensis)</i> and iron(II)-lactate. To investigate the wash fastness and concentration limits, the differently dyed hair tresses were spectrophotometrically measured. The comparison of the damage potential for which cysteic acid is an indicator was measured by NIR. The concentration of matcha and mordant are responsible for the intensity of the color results. The higher the matcha or the mordant concentration, the darker the color results of the dyed hair tresses. Hair damage of matcha mordant dyeing is comparable with results of commercial permanent hair coloration systems. Moreover, the results of wash fastness of matcha mordant dyed hair tresses is comparable and even better by tendency to permanent colored hair tresses.
Resource-Aware Large-Scale Cooperative Three-Dimensional Mapping Using Multiple Mobile Devices (2018)

In this paper, we address the problem of cooperative mapping (CM) using datasets collected by multiple users at different times, when the transformation between the users' starting poses is unknown. Specifically, we formulate CM as a constrained optimization problem, in which each user's independently estimated trajectory and map are merged together by imposing geometric constraints between commonly observed point and line features. Additionally, we provide an algorithm for efficiently solving the CM problem, by taking advantage of its structure. The proposed solution is proven to be batch-least-squares (BLS) optimal over all users' datasets, while it is less memory demanding and lends itself to parallel implementations. In particular, our solution is shown to be faster than the standard BLS solution, when the overlap between the users' data is small. Furthermore, our algorithm is resource-aware as it is able to consistently trade accuracy for lower processing cost, by retaining only an informative subset of the common-feature constraints. Experimental results based on visual and inertial measurements collected from multiple users within large buildings are used to assess the performance of the proposed CM algorithm.
Multi-Kernel Polar Codes: Concept and Design Principles (2020)

In this paper, we propose a new polar code construction by employing kernels of different sizes in the Kronecker product of the transformation matrix, thus generalizing the original construction by Arikan. These multi-kernel polar codes allow for more flexibility in terms of the code length and for various new design principles. Next to the common reliability design, we provide a design to maximize the minimal distance and a hybrid design combining reliability and distance properties. Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of multi-kernel polar codes under the new design principles compared to punctured and shortened Arikan polar codes.
Power control by interference prediction for broadband wireless packet networks (2002)

A Kalman-filter method for power control is proposed for broadband, packet-switched time division multiple access wireless networks. By exploiting the temporal correlation of co-channel interference, a Kalman filter is used to predict future interference power. Based on the predicted interference and estimated path gain between the transmitter and receiver, the transmission power is determined to achieve a desired signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). A condition to ensure power stability in the packet-switched environment is established and proven for a special case of the Kalman-filter method. The condition generalizes the existing one for a fixed path-gain matrix, as for circuit-switched networks. Performance results reveal that the Kalman-filter method for power control provides a significant performance improvement. Specifically, when messages consist of ten packets on average, the 90th and 95th percentile of the SINR by the new method are 3.79 dB and 5.46 dB above those when no power control is in use, and lie just 0.96 dB and 1.14 dB below the upper-bound performance of the optimal power control, respectively, in a system with four-sector cells and an interleaved frequency assignment of a reuse factor of 2/8. In addition, the new method performs noticeably better than the delta-modulation method and a simple scheme that uses the last measurement as predicted interference power. In an example of 8-PSK modulation and average message length of 20 packets, the SINR performance gain by the new method improves the network throughput by about 150% and 70%, relative to no power control and the simple scheme, respectively.
Empirical evaluation of timing and power in resonant clock distribution (2004)

Resonant clocking is an attractive alternative to conventional clock distribution due to its significant potential for reducing clocking power. Typically, resonant clock systems rely on sinusoidal clock signals to synchronize flip-flops. Understanding clock skew and power is particularly important in these systems, because unlike their conventional counterparts, resonant clock networks do not use any buffers. We have performed a simulation study of clock skew and power in resonant H-shape clock distribution networks with sinusoidal waveforms. Focusing on the impact of width, spacing, and loading on clock skew, our study suggests practical design guidelines for low-skew resonant clocking. Our results show that compared to conventional clocking, properly designed resonant clocking yields comparable or better skew. Furthermore, simultaneous improvements in skew and power of resonant clock are possible through width scaling. Our experiments also confirm the theoretical prediction that energy dissipation in resonant clock networks scales with RC/T, where RC is the load of the network, and T is the clock period.
An Integrated System for Multichannel Neuronal Recording With Spike/LFP Separation, Integrated A/D Conversion and Threshold Detection (2006)

A mixed-signal front-end processor for multichannel neuronal recording is described. It receives 12 differential-input channels of implanted recording electrodes. A programmable cutoff High Pass Filter (HPF) blocks dc and low-frequency input drift at about 1 Hz. The signals are band-split at about 200 Hz to low-frequency Local Field Potential (LFP) and high-frequency spike data (SPK), which is band limited by a programmable-cutoff LPF, in a range of 8-13 kHz. Amplifier offsets are compensated by 5-bit calibration digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The SPK and LFP channels provide variable amplification rates of up to 5000 and 500, respectively. The analog signals are converted into 10-bit digital form, and streamed out over a serial digital bus at up to 8 Mbps. A threshold filter suppresses inactive portions of the signal and emits only spike segments of programmable length. A prototype has been fabricated on a 0.35-microm CMOS process and tested successfully, demonstrating a 3-microV noise level. Special interface system incorporating an embedded CPU core in a programmable logic device accompanied by real-time software has been developed to allow connectivity to a computer host.
Two algorithms for the three‐dimensional reconstruction of tomograms (1988)

Three-dimensional (3-D) surface reconstructions provide a method to view complex anatomy contained in a set of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or single photon emission computed tomography tomograms. Existing methods of 3-D display generate images based on the distance from an imaginary observation point to a patch on the surface and on the surface normal of the patch. We believe that the normalized gradient of the original values in the CT or MRI tomograms provides a better estimate for the surface normal and hence results in higher quality 3-D images. Then two algorithms that generate 3-D surface models are presented. The new methods use polygon and point primitives to interface with computer-aided design equipment. Finally, several 3-D images of both bony and soft tissue show the skull, spine, internal air cavities of the head and abdomen, and the abdominal aorta in detail.
Prevalence, evaluation and management of overactive bladder in primary care (2009)

OAB prevalence is more than double and higher in men than previously reported. The relative risk for OAB is significantly greater in obese premenopausal women.
An Algorithm for Streaming XPath Processing with Forward and Backward Axes (2002)

We present a novel streaming algorithm for evaluating XPath expressions that use backward axes (parent and ancestor) and forward axes in a single document-order traversal of an XML document. Other streaming XPath processors, such as YFilter, XTrie, and TurboXPath handle only forward axes. We show through experiments that our algorithm significantly outperforms (by more than a factor of two) a traditional non-streaming XPath engine. Furthermore, since our algorithm only retains relevant portions of the input document in memory, it scales better than traditional XPath engines. It can process large documents; we have successfully tested documents over 1GB in size. On the other hand, the traditional XPath engine degrades considerably in performance for documents over 100 MB in size and fails to complete for documents of size over 200 MB.
Modular typestate checking of aliased objects (2007)

Objects often define usage protocols that clients must follow inorder for these objects to work properly. Aliasing makes itnotoriously difficult to check whether clients and implementations are compliant with such protocols. Accordingly, existing approaches either operate globally or severely restrict aliasing.
Method for forming solid electrolyte composite. [sodium polyaluminate on. cap alpha. -Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/] (1977)

A solid electrolyte composite is provided which is suitable for use as the separating member between a sodium reservoir source and a sulfur reservoir source in a sodium--sulfur battery. The solid electrolyte composite is manufactured by providing a membrane of a crystalline ionic conductive sodium polyaluminate on a portion of a porous, anhydrous crystalline supporting body consisting of ..cap alpha..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. The sodium polyaluminate is initially applied in the form of a precursor which is then subsequently heated to form the ionic conductive crystalline sodium polyaluminate membrane. 1 figure.
Retracted: A Non-Linear Support Vector Machine Approach to Testing for Migraine with Aura Using Electroencephalography (2017)

In this paper a new migraine analysis method is proposed using EEG (electroencephalography) signals to characterize migraine patients with aura (MwA). The objective of this work is to implement a technique for characterizing and extracting significant, robust and informative features from EEG signals which are representative of the interictal migraine brain state. We extract three brain characteristics using brain network analysis of alpha phase synchronization; transient abnormality analysis using wavelet scale; and finally joint time-frequency analysis using AR modeling. Feature selection and reduction techniques were performed on the sub-features of these three mutually independent features, to combat the over-fit problem as well as to maximize the generality of the classifier. Interpretation of the reduced features resembled to previous migraine studies. Furthermore, extracted features were used as inputs to a 10-fold cross validated non-linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The results showed a 92.9% classification accuracy for MwA in the interictal stage from the normal control (NC) group. Findings suggest electrical features for the predisposition of migraine which can lead to possible preventative interventions in the future.
Solid-state blue laser technology (2002)

The optically pumped semiconductor (OPS) chip consists of two sections, both semiconductor alloys grown by MBE epitaxy. The top section is the gain medium and the bottom section is a high reflecting mirror that constitutes one of the ends of the cavity. The gain at 976 nm is provided by narrow layers of InGaAs quantum wells, the composition of the spacer layers is chosen such as to make them transparent to the laser wavelength, and strongly absorbent to the pump wavelength (around 800 nm).
Detecting Conductive Liquid Leaking from Nonconductive Pipe (2003)

A method that can be implemented with relatively simple electronic circuitry provides a capability for detecting leakage of an electrically conductive liquid from an electrically nonconductive underground pipe. Alternatively or in addition, the method can be applied to locate the pipe, whether or not there is a leak. Although the method is subject to limitations (some of which are described below), it is still attractive as an additional option for detecting leaks and locating pipes without need for extensive digging. The method is based on capacitive coupling of an alternating electrical signal from the liquid to a portable electronic unit that resembles a metal detector. A signal voltage is applied to the liquid at some convenient point along the pipe: for example, the signal could be coupled into the liquid via an aboveground metal pipe fitting, the interior surface of which is in contact with the liquid. The signal is conducted through the liquid in the pipe; in the case of diffusive leak of liquid into the surrounding ground, the signal is conducted through the leak, into the portion of the adjacent ground that has become soaked with the liquid. (A drip leak cannot be detected by this method because there is no conductive path between the liquid inside and the liquid outside the pipe.) The portable unit includes an electrically conductive plate connected to the input terminal of an amplifier. When the plate is brought near the pipe or the leaked liquid, a small portion of the signal power is coupled capacitively from the liquid to the plate. The user scans the plate near the ground surface to find the locus of maximum signal strength. The leak can be identified as a relatively wide area, contiguous with the location of the pipe, over which the signal is detectable.
Fullerene Additives Convert Ambipolar Transport to p‐Type Transport while Improving the Operational Stability of Organic Thin Film Transistors (2016)

Many high charge carrier mobility ( μ ) active layers within organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) configurations exhibit non‐linear current–voltage characteristics that may drift with time under applied bias and, when applying conventional equations for ideal FETs, may give inconsistent μ values. This study demonstrates that the introduction of electron deficient fullerene acceptors into thin films comprised of the high‐mobility semiconducting polymer PCDTPT suppresses an undesirable “double‐slope” in the current–voltage characteristics, improves operational stability, and changes ambipolar transport to unipolar transport. Examination of other high μ polymers shows general applicability. This study also shows that one can further reduce instability by tuning the relative electron affinity of the polymer and fullerene by creating blends containing different fullerene derivatives and semiconductor polymers. One can obtain hole μ values up to 5.6 cm 2 V –1 s –1 that are remarkably stable over multiple bias‐sweeping cycles. The results provide a simple, solution‐processable route to dictate transport properties and improve semiconductor durability in systems that display similar non‐idealities.
A promising materials approach to combatting renal hyperphosphatemia:Fe(II)-montmorillonites (2017)

The objective of the current effort was to determine the efficacy of Fe(II)-montmorillonite (Fe(II)-MMT) as an adjuvant for specific targeted adsorption of phosphate. Specifically, Fe(II)-MMT was studied to combat hyperphosphatemia and anemia arising from chronic renal failure. The adsorption of phosphate over time, pH, and initial concentration was studied. The systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and zeta potential. The experimental results demonstrated the adsorption time was set to 140 min to achieve maximum adsorption efficiency. It was thus found that the maximum adsorption was at pH 3.0. In addition, it reached equilibrium when the initial phosphate concentration was at 60 mg/L while the maximum adsorption capacity was 5.75 mg of phosphate/g of Fe(II)-MMT. On the other hand, adsorption isotherms showed that the Langmuir model was better than the Freundlich model. This means that the adsorption of the phosphate on Fe(II)-montmorillonites was monolayer adsorption, and the phosphate was successfully adsorbed either onto the surface or intercalated within interlayer volume. Live experiments supported the ability of Fe (II)-MMT to control hyperphosphatemia and treat chronic renal failure.
Whole-Spacecraft Passive Launch Isolation (1998)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Fenfluramine and other serotoninergic drugs depress food intake and carbohydrate consumption while sparing protein consumption (1979)

SummaryConsumption of a carbohydrate meal accelerates brain serotonin synthesis (by increasing the ratio of plasma tryptophan to the sum of the concentrations of other neutral amino acids) whereas high-protein meals lack this effect. To determine whether the changes in brain serotonin following the consumption of particular foods influence subsequent food choices, the authors tested the effects of fenfluramine and related drugs, which presumably increase intrasynaptic serotonin levels, on the amounts of two diets presented simultaneously (5 % vs. 45 % protein, isocaloric, or 25 % vs. 75 % dextrin, isocaloric and isoproteiri) that rats choose to eat. Anorectic doses of fenfluramine caused rats to choose to eat greater proportions of the high-protein food or, when given isoprotein diets, to consume more of the low-carbohydrate food, i.e. the 25% dextrin diet. Fluoxetine, which blocks serotonin re-uptake, and MK 212, which stimulates serotonin receptors, had similar effects, but d-amphetamine did not. It is concluded that: (a) brain serotonin neurons do function as 'sensors', changing their release of neurotransmitter in response to what is eaten, and that these changes influence subsequent food choice; and (b) drugs like fenfluramine may be especially useful in treating obesity because they spare protein intake.RésuméLa consommation d'un repas d'hydrates de carbone accélère la synthèse de sérotonine cérébrate (en augmentant la proportion de tryptophane plasmatique par rapport à la somme des concentrations des autres amino acides neutres) tandis que des repas riches en protéines rtont pas cet effet. Afin de déterminer si les changements de la sérotonine cerebrate consécutifs à la consommation d'aliments particuliers influencent les choix subséquents de nourriture, les effets de la fenfluramine et des médicaments apparentés, lesquels probablement augmentent les taux de sérotonine intrasynaptiques, ont été expérimentés sur les quantités de deux régimes présentés simultanément (5 % contre 45 % de protéines, isocaloriques, ou 25 % contre 75 % de dextrine, isocaloriques et isoprotéiniques) que les rats choisissaient de manger. Les doses anorexigènes de fenfluramine ont amené les rats a préfér manger en plus grande quantité des aliments riches en protéines ou, quand ils recevaient des régimes isoprotéiniques, à consommer une plus grande quantité d' aliments pauvres en hydrates de carbone, c'est à dire le régime à 25%de dextrine. La fluoxétine, qui bloque le recaptage de la sérotonine, et le MK 212, qui stimule les récepteurs de la sérotonine, ont eu des effets similaires, mais non la d-amphetamine. Il est conclu que: (a) les neurones serotoninergiques cérébraux fonctionnent comme des ''neurones sensibles' qui changent lew liberation de neuro-transmetteurs en réponse a ce qui est consommé, et que ces changements influencent le choix subséquent de nourriture; et (b) desproduits comme la fenfluramine peuvent étre spécialement utiles dans le traitement de l'obésité parce qu'ils favorisent la consommation de protéines.
Maximum bandwidth snapshot channeled imaging polarimeter with polarization gratings (2016)

Compact snapshot imaging polarimeters have been demonstrated in literature to provide Stokes parameter estimations for spatially varying scenes using polarization gratings. However, the demonstrated system does not employ aggressive modulation frequencies to take full advantage of the bandwidth available to the focal plane array. A snapshot imaging Stokes polarimeter is described and demonstrated through results. The simulation studies the challenges of using a maximum bandwidth configuration for a snapshot polarization grating based polarimeter, such as the fringe contrast attenuation that results from higher modulation frequencies. Similar simulation results are generated and compared for a microgrid polarimeter. Microgrid polarimeters are instruments where pixelated polarizers are superimposed onto a focal plan array, and this is another type of spatially modulated polarimeter, and the most common design uses a 2x2 super pixel of polarizers which maximally uses the available bandwidth of the focal plane array.
A New Method for the Development of Human T-T Cell Hybrids Without the Use of Hat Medium (1987)

We report here a new method for the development of human T-T cell hybrids by fusing mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated T cells with non-mutagenized cells from human lymphoblastoid T cell lines. This method is based on a new selection procedure where the hybrids are separated from the parent T cell line on the basis of their ability to form colonies in soft agar. In contrast, cells from lymphoblastoid T cell lines Molt-4 and Jurkat do not form colonies in agar. Hybridoma colonies are retrieved from the agar plates, expanded in culture, screened by HLA-typing and appropriate functional tests and recloned several times by limiting dilution. HAT medium, which contains thymidine that appears to be toxic to the hybrids, is not used in our selection procedure. Using this method, we developed human T-T cell hybridomas (as determined by HLA-typing) producing B-cell growth factor (BCGF) either constitutively or after induction with Concanavalin A (Con A). Certain other T-T cell hybrids produced suppressor factor, significantly inhibiting proliferative responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to PHA, Con A and allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture.
Thermal atomic layer etching: A review (2021)

This article reviews the state-of-the art status of thermal atomic layer etching of various materials such as metals, metal oxides, metal nitrides, semiconductors, and their oxides. We outline basic thermodynamic principles and reaction kinetics as they apply to these reactions and draw parallels to thermal etching. Furthermore, a list of all known publications is given organized by the material etched and correlated with the required reactant for each etch process. A model is introduced that describes why in the nonsaturation mode etch anisotropies may occur that can lead to unwanted performance variations in high aspect ratio semiconductor devices due to topological constraints imposed on the delivery of reactants and removal of reactant by-products.