gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Semisupervised Graph Classifier Learning With Negative Edge Weights (2018)

In a semisupervised learning scenario, (possibly noisy) partially observed labels are used as input to train a classifier in order to assign labels to unclassified samples. In this paper, we construct a complete graph-based binary classifier given only samples' feature vectors and partial labels. Specifically, we first build appropriate similarity graphs with positive and negative edge weights connecting all samples based on internode feature distances. By viewing a binary classifier as a piecewise constant graph signal, we cast classifier learning as a signal restoration problem via a classical maximum aposteriori (MAP) formulation. One unfortunate consequence of negative edge weights is that the graph Laplacian matrix L can be indefinite, and previously proposed graph-signal smoothness prior xTLx for candidate signal x can lead to pathological solutions. In response, we derive a minimum-norm perturbation matrix Δ that preserves L's eigenstructure-based on a fast lower-bound computation of L's smallest negative eigenvalue via a novel application of the Haynsworth inertia additivity formula-so that L + Δ is positive semidefinite, resulting in a stable signal prior. Further, instead of forcing a hard binary decision for each sample, we define the notion of generalized smoothness on graphs that promotes ambiguity in the classifier signal. Finally, we propose an algorithm based on iterative reweighted least squares that solves the posed MAP problem efficiently. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms both SVM variants and previous graph-based classifiers using positive-edge graphs noticeably.
Mechanisms of pre‐B‐cell receptor checkpoint control and its oncogenic subversion in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2014)

Pre-B cells within the bone marrow represent the normal counterpart for most acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). During normal early B-cell development, survival and proliferation signals are dominated by cytokines, particularly interleukin-7 (IL-7) for murine developing B cells. With expression of a functional pre-B-cell receptor (BCR), cytokine signaling is attenuated and the tonic/autonomous pre-BCR signaling pathway provides proliferation as well as differentiation signals. In this review, we first describe checkpoint mechanisms during normal B-cell development and then discuss how genetic lesions in these pathways function as oncogenic mimicries and allow transformed pre-B cells to bypass checkpoint control. We focus on cytokine receptor signaling that is mimicked by activating lesions in receptor subunits or downstream mediators as well as aberrant activation of non-B lymphoid cytokine receptors. Furthermore, we describe the molecular switch from cytokine receptor to pre-BCR signaling, how this pathway is of particular importance for certain ALL subtypes, and how pre-BCR signaling is engaged by genetic lesions, such as BCR-ABL1. We discuss the transcriptional control mechanisms downstream of both cytokine- and pre-BCR signaling and how normal checkpoint control mechanisms are circumvented in pre-B ALL. Finally, we highlight new therapeutic concepts for targeted inhibition of oncogenic cytokine or pre-BCR signaling pathways.
Towards an IoT network testbed emulated over OpenStack cloud infrastructure (2017)

Internet of things (IoTs) and the development of its network protocols, network architectures, and applications, are hot research topics recently. However, testing and building such a real-time IoT application takes a high cost due to the heterogeneity and a variation on the number of IoT devices, i.e., the scalability. The work in this paper, instead, reduces such the cost and focuses on the development of an IoT emulation testbed to deploy different IoTs applications, to evaluate and measure the performance of IoT network protocols, under flexible logical network architectures, e.g., Tree, with reasonable cost. This IoTs emulation testbed has been designed and deployed to run on the OpenStack cloud platform and high-speed network infrastructure in the Data Center of University of Information Technology-VNUHCM.
Southern blotting (1996)

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Therapeutic evaluation in malignant obstructive jaundice with PTBD and PTBS combined with intraarterial chemoperfusion and chemoembolization. (2014)

Objective
To explore the therapeutic effect in malignant obstructive jaundice with PTBD and PTBS combined with gemcitabine-base intraarterial chemoperfusion and chemoembolization.


Methods
We choosed 240 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice who had been successfully drained(TBIL<50umol/L), and performed intraarterial chemoperfusion and chemoembolization. Patients were back in the outpatient clinic for a follow-up visit at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months thereafter. Contents included general health related questions, laboratory results, image examination, drainage catheter, patency of stent and treatment of stent obstruction. Records were entered into CRF for subsequent processing and analysis. Compare survival, quality of life and rate of stent patency with non-perfusing chemotherapy group.


Results
Of the 60 patients 27 were initially treated with PTBD and 33 with PTBS. Most of them received intraarterial chemoperfusion and chemoembolization for 2-3 times. Major toxicities included myelosuppress, digestive reaction, rash and lesion of hepatic function, and most of them belonged to 1 to 2 grade. The mean survival was (311.03±170.23) d. The rate of survival was 100%, 93.33%, 78.33% and 28.33% for 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed survival rate of chemoperfusion group was prior to non-chemoperfusion group (χ2=8.693, P=0.003). The mean stent patency time was (238.48±171.26) d. The rate of patency was 100%, 90.91%, 57.58 and 9.09% for 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, respectively. Stent patency times between two groups were not different statistically by log-rank test (χ2=0.975, P=0.324). Karnofsky index was 83.05±6.38 after intraarterial chemoperfusion and chemoembolization, and was significantly higher than pretherapy (t=12.79, P<0.001).


Conclusions
Patients received gemcitabine-base intraarterial chemoperfusion and chemoembolization had the low toxic effects and high rate of clinical benefit. It could significantly prolong stent patency time.


Key words: 
Obstructive jaundice; Gemcitabine; Interventional therapy; Survival analysis
Cyberattacks: Does Physical Boundry Matter? (2009)

Information security issues are characterized with interdependence. Particularly, cyber criminals can easily cross national boundaries and exploit jurisdictional limitations between countries. Thus, whether cyber attacks are spatially autocorrelated is a strategic issue for government authorities and a tactic issue for insurance companies. Through an empirical study of cyber attacks across 62 countries during the period 2003-2007, we find little evidence on the spatial autocorrelation of cyber attacks at any week. However, after considering economic opportunity, IT infrastructure, international collaboration in enforcement and conventional crimes, we find strong evidence that cyber attacks were indeed spatially autocorrelated as they moved over time. The policy and managerial implication is that physical boundary should be an important factor in addressing strategic cyber attacks and their potential risks.
Ligand-Assisted Liquid Crystal Templating in Mesoporous Niobium Oxide Molecular Sieves (1996)

A systematic study of the factors governing the formation of Nb-TMS1, a niobium-based mesoporous hexagonally-packed transition metal oxide molecular sieve, is reported. The synthesis of this material was achieved through a novel ligand-assisted liquid crystal templating mechanism in which a discrete covalent bond is used to direct the templating interaction between the organic and inorganic phases. In general, the synthesis of Nb-TMS1 is more strongly affected by starting conditions such as temperature, surfactant-to-metal ratio, pH, and solvent than by temperature and time of aging after the initial hydrolysis step. The results also show that Nb-TMS1 can be synthesized under conditions which strongly disfavor the formation of micelles. This suggests that Nb-TMS1 is formed via a mechanism involving self-assembly with concomitant condensation. It was found that with increasing surfactant-to-metal ratios, new hexagonal P63/mmc (Nb-TMS2) and layered (Nb-TMS4) phases could be formed, while increasing the surfactant chain length led to a new cubic phase (Nb-TMS3). Crystals of Nb-TMS1 of up to several mm in dimensions were also grown. These crystals are larger than the biggest mesoporous crystals reported by a factor of 3 orders of magnitude. These crystals retain their structure on micelle removal by acid treatment and are thus of great interest as hosts for quantum wires.
Inside Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 Web Services (2007)

Dive deep into the architecture of Exchange Web Servicesand master the intricacies for accessing data with the new, unifying API. Exchange Web Services offers new functionality, replacing old, disparate APIs. This practical guide introduces developers to Exchange Web Services. It includes comprehensive, in-depth coverage of the architecture and key features, including messaging, folders, calendaring, tasks, notifications, searching, availability, and autodiscovery. Developers who are moving applications using previous APIs to Exchange Web Services will learn how to determine the correct web services constructsand the implications of those decisions. This book assumes only knowledge of how to write HTTP requests, but it provides proxy examples in Microsoft Visual C#.
Porous parachute modelling with an Euler-Lagrange coupling (2007)

A newly developed approach for tridimensional fluid-structure interaction with a deformable thin porous media is presented. The method presented couples a Arbitrary Lagrange Euler formulation for the fluid dynamics and a updated Lagrangian finite element formulation for the thin porous medium dynamics. The interaction between the fluid and porous medium are handled by a Euler-Lagrange coupling, for which the fluid and structure meshes are superimposed without matching. The coupling force is computed with an Ergun porous flow model. As test case, the method is applied to an anchored air parachute placed in an air stream.
Hybridomas Can Successfully Be Prepared from Frozen/Thawn Spleen Cells (1991)

Spleens from mice immunized with either human von Willebrand factor, albumin or fragment DD from plasminolyzed fibrin were divided into two equal parts. Subsequently, one half of the spleen cells were fused directly with X-63 mouse myeloma cells and the other half fused after freezing and thawing. The results show that hybridomas may successfully be prepared from frozen/thawn spleen cells, but that a higher cell density than with fresh cells is required. The possibility of making use of frozen spleen cell material implies that valuable time and cell material can be saved, and that fusions can be postponed and performed at the time of choice.
167 W, power scalable ytterbium-doped photonic bandgap fiber amplifier at 1178nm (2010)

An ytterbium-doped photonic bandgap fiber amplifier operating at the long wavelength edge of the ytterbium gain band is investigated for high power amplification. The spectral filtering effect of the photonic bandgap efficiently suppresses amplified spontaneous emission at the conventional ytterbium gain wavelengths and thus enables high power amplification at 1178 nm. A record output power of 167 W, a slope efficiency of 61% and 15 dB saturated gain at 1178 nm have been demonstrated using the ytterbium-doped photonic bandgap fiber.
A Comparison of the Disassociation Strength of Modular Acetabular Components (1993)

Five short-term in vivo disassembly of two-piece acetabular cup designs have been reported. This study evaluates the liner retention strengths of eight contemporary cup systems. Both push-out (663 +/- 65.5 pounds force to 29 +/- 1.4 pounds force) and lever-out (684 +/- 114 inch-pounds to 43 +/- 1.5 inch-pounds) test modes show a wide variation in retention strength. Repeat liner separation testing demonstrates a 26% and 32% respective decrease in locking mechanism integrity. These findings indicate that reseating modular liners at the time of surgery or reassembling a previously separated liner should be avoided.
Low-Cost Drugs Still Relevant in the Present-Day Era (2021)

Escalating medical costs contribute to poverty in countries with low resources. The drug costs account for 17 percent of medical expenses. Revisiting time-tested, cost-effective drugs can reduce these costs. Some of them find a place in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children. The list consists of medicines for a basic healthcare system. They are safe and cost-effective. The present paper identifies co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol as antimicrobials, chloroquine for malaria, adrenaline, theophylline for asthma, and phenobarbital as an anti-epileptic drug that merits consideration for reviving interest in them and reduce drug treatment costs.  What is already known about this subject? • The cost of drugs contributes to rising medical costs. • Medical expenses push a large population below the poverty line. What does this study add? • Rediscovering the relevance of old low-cost drugs is essential. • Revisiting the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children may be useful.  • Drugs such as chloramphenicol and theophylline are such examples.
The Slx5-Slx8 Complex Affects Sumoylation of DNA Repair Proteins and Negatively Regulates Recombination (2007)

Recombination is important for repairing DNA lesions, yet it can also lead to genomic rearrangements. This process must be regulated, and recently, sumoylation-mediated mechanisms were found to inhibit Rad51-dependent recombination. Here, we report that the absence of the Slx5-Slx8 complex, a newly identified player in the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) pathway, led to increased Rad51-dependent and Rad51-independent recombination. The increases were most striking during S phase, suggesting an accumulation of DNA lesions during replication. Consistent with this view, Slx8 protein localized to replication centers. In addition, like SUMO E2 mutants, slx8Delta mutants exhibited clonal lethality, which was due to the overamplification of 2 microm, an extrachromosomal plasmid. Interestingly, in both SUMO E2 and slx8Delta mutants, clonal lethality was rescued by deleting genes required for Rad51-independent recombination but not those involved in Rad51-dependent events. These results suggest that sumoylation negatively regulates Rad51-independent recombination, and indeed, the Slx5-Slx8 complex affected the sumoylation of several enzymes involved in early steps of Rad51-independent recombination. We propose that, during replication, the Slx5-Slx8 complex helps prevent DNA lesions that are acted upon by recombination. In addition, the complex inhibits Rad51-independent recombination via modulating the sumoylation of DNA repair proteins.
Comparison of multivariate techniques for vapor-phase infrared spectra measured at different temperatures (1994)

Several multivariate techniques for simultaneously determining components with overlapping infrared spectral features in their vapor-phase infrared spectra are compared; partial least- squares (PLS) regression gives the best results. The effect of variations in the sample temperatures on multivariate quantitative analysis by vapor-phase infrared spectrometry using PLS regression is discussed, and a method of minimizing the quantification errors is described.
Panoptic Studio: A Massively Multiview System for Social Interaction Capture (2016)

We present an approach to capture the 3D motion of a group of people engaged in a social interaction. The core challenges in capturing social interactions are: (1) occlusion is functional and frequent; (2) subtle motion needs to be measured over a space large enough to host a social group; (3) human appearance and configuration variation is immense; and (4) attaching markers to the body may prime the nature of interactions. The Panoptic Studio is a system organized around the thesis that social interactions should be measured through the integration of perceptual analyses over a large variety of view points. We present a modularized system designed around this principle, consisting of integrated structural, hardware, and software innovations. The system takes, as input, 480 synchronized video streams of multiple people engaged in social activities, and produces, as output, the labeled time-varying 3D structure of anatomical landmarks on individuals in the space. Our algorithm is designed to fuse the "weak" perceptual processes in the large number of views by progressively generating skeletal proposals from low-level appearance cues, and a framework for temporal refinement is also presented by associating body parts to reconstructed dense 3D trajectory stream. Our system and method are the first in reconstructing full body motion of more than five people engaged in social interactions without using markers. We also empirically demonstrate the impact of the number of views in achieving this goal.
Helical Peptides Derived from Lactoferrin Bind Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Protein E2 (2008)

Hepatitis C virus is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma infecting more than 170 million people. Hepatitis C virus envelope 2 glycoprotein (E2) binds several cell-surface molecules that act as receptor candidates mediating hepatitis C virus entry into hepatocytes. Peptides derived from human lactoferrin have been shown to bind hepatitis C virus-E2 protein thereby preventing hepatitis C virus entry in cultured hepatocytes. In this study, starting from a 33-residue human lactoferrin-derived peptide, a number of biotin-linked alpha-peptides were synthesized and investigated for their E2 protein binding activity. E2 protein from hepatitis C virus genotype 1b was expressed in 293 human embryonic kidney cells and purified using affinity chromatography. A biotin-streptavidin based binding assay was developed to determine the binding affinity of the synthetic peptides for E2 protein. Two of the peptides bound E2 specifically with submicromolar to low micromolar affinity [equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) of 0.569 and 28.8 microM]. Further, these two peptides had the highest helical content in solution as observed by circular dichroism spectroscopy, suggesting that binding affinity increases with increase in helicity. These results have provided new lead peptides for future investigations of hepatitis C virus entry inhibitors that may provide an interesting approach to prevent hepatitis C virus infectivity.
Function of α3β1–Tetraspanin Protein Complexes in Tumor Cell Invasion. Evidence for the Role of the Complexes in Production of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp-2) (1999)

Tumor cell migration through the three- dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) environment is an important part of the metastatic process. We have analyzed a role played by the integrin-tetraspanin protein complexes in invasive migration by culturing MDA-MB-231 cells within Matrigel. Using time-lapse video recording, we demonstrated that the Matrigel-embedded cells remain round and exhibit only limited ability for migration by extending short, highly dynamic pseudopodia. The alpha3beta1-tetraspanin protein complexes were clustered on the thin microvilli-like protrusions extending from both the main cell body and pseudopodia. Ligation of the alpha3beta1-tetraspanin protein complexes with monoclonal antibodies specifically stimulates production of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and induces formation of long invasive protrusions within Matrigel. Accordingly, treatment with the monoclonal antibodies to various tetraspanin proteins and to the alpha3 integrin subunit increases invasive potential of the MDA-MB-231 cells in the Matrigel-penetration assay. A specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), LY294002, negated the effect of the monoclonal antibodies on the morphology of the Matrigel-embedded cells and on production of MMP-2. Interestingly, broad-spectrum inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases (genistein) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (orthovanadate), and actin filament stabilizing compound (jasplakinolide), also block protrusive activity of the Matrigel-embedded cells but have no effect on the production of MMP-2. These results indicate that alpha3beta1-tetraspanin protein complexes may control invasive migration of tumor cells by using at least two PI3K-dependent signaling mechanisms: through rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and by modulating the MMP-2 production.
Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes and The Impact of Exercise: from mitochondria to glucose management in skeletal muscle (2022)

Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and/or a decline in antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress can be marked by deleterious effects on DNA, proteins, and lipids structure, changing cell homeostasis, and contributing to the development of metabolic diseases as type two diabetes (T2D), characterized mainly by insulin resistance in several tissues, as skeletal muscle. The T2D development and its complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as well as pro-inflammatory state and metabolic unbalance. Acute exercise represents a necessary type of challenge to whole-body homeostasis. Therefore, regular exercise (sum of acute exercise challenges) promotes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic adaptations induced by each stress induced by the exercise session, evoking a hormesis effect (from mitochondria to many tissues) that is beneficial for T2D prevention and treatment. Despite of a considerable research information in the field, the characterization of the sources and pathways of ROS generation in T2D and during exercise still a matter for investigation. Therefore, the multifaceted effects of oxidative stress in T2D and the link of exercise in T2D are discussed in this review.
A Multimedia Content Interchange Framework for TV Producers (2006)

When content producers are forced to generate and manage content day after day (and, most of the times, in a hurry), like in the case of TV broadcasters, they have different priorities and requirements than other kind of content providers. However, the requirement for content interchange through optimum content search is always there. The paper presents how the issue of interoperability of metadata and digital rights information is solved in a specific project, the XAC (Xarxa IP Audiovisual de Catalunya, Audiovisual IP Network of Catalonia), where TV programs producers are the main involved content owners. After an analysis of how these content providers manage metadata and rights information, a specific proposal fulfilling providers' requirements and international standards, the XAC Metadata Set (XAC-MS), is described. This is the basis for implementing a system for multimedia content interchange that could be extended to other kinds of multimedia publishing
MP3 Audio Quality for Single and Multiple Encoding (2007)

The results of several measurements of audio quality of single and multiple MPEG-Layer 3 encodings will be presented. Subjective and objective tests have been done. A comparisons between the scores of the objective difference grade (ODG) and the subjective difference grade (SDG) prove a more accuracy of the PEAQ method at higher bit-rate. The recent versions of the LAME encoder and PEAQ software based on the ITU recommendation have been used, in association with the ITU standards for the execution of the Subjective test for small impairments.