gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Time-Varying Continuous-Time Optimization with Pre-Defined Finite-Time Stability (2020)

In this paper we propose a new family of continuous-time optimization algorithms based on discontinuous second order gradient optimization flows, with finite-time convergence guarantees to local optima, for locally strongly convex time-varying cost functions. To analyze our flows, we first extend a well-know Lyapunov inequality condition for finite-time stability, to the case of time-varying differential inclusions. We then prove the convergence of these second-order flows in finite-time. We show the performance of these flows on a time-varying quadratic cost and on the nonlinear time-varying Rosenbrock function.
WPM-7.4 VIDEO TAPE RECORDER WITH DIGITAL TELEVISION STANDARDS CONVERTER (1990)

between these formats include the tape format, the rotation speed of the video head and the pe$eveloped worldwide video tape color signal processing. In VHS standard VTRs, recorder with a digital television standards there are six of these different formats. converter is described. The recorder can record and playback all VHS formats corresponding to each of the world’s TV standards such as NTSC, PAL and SECAM?% i
Transmitter Design and Hardware Considerations for Different Space Modulation Techniques (2017)

Space modulation techniques (SMTs), in which some or all of the data bits modulate a block of spatial constellation symbol, are promising candidates for future 5G wireless systems. They promise data rate enhancements while maintaining low energy consumption, hardware cost, and computational complexity. As such, they attracted significant research interest in the past few years. One of the major assets of SMTs is the assumption that they can operate with a single RF chain at the transmitter even though multiple antennas might be activated at one time instant. Thus far, this claim is anticipated in several research articles but the transmitter designs of the different SMTs with a single RF chain are not addressed yet in the literature. SMTs include different system configurations, such as spatial modulation, space shift keying, quadrature spatial modulation, and quadrature space shift keying. The required hardware components to implement a transmitter for each of these systems with the minimum number of RF-chains are discussed in this paper. In addition, hardware limitations and the impact of different hardware blocks on the overall system performance are discussed. Besides, a comparison among different schemes along with conventional spatial multiplexing algorithm in terms of power consumption, hardware cost, probability of error, and receiver computational complexity is presented. It is shown that some of these techniques can operate without any RF-chain while a single-RF chain is sufficient for other systems. Moreover, these schemes can be traded off in terms of energy savings, complexity, performance, and cost.
Sampling Conditions for Conforming Voronoi Meshing by the VoroCrust Algorithm. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
48.1: LCD Motion Blur Reduction with Motion Compensated Inverse Filtering (2004)

Abstract Due to the sample‐and‐hold effect, LCDs suffer from motion blur even when the response of the panel is very fast. We present a video processing method called ‘motion compensated inverse filtering’, that allows reduction of this blur to a large extent, without modifying the display panel.
Cutting errors in software design (2004)

The software industry has entered a new era. Software defects are still costing the economy billions. The experts' skill lies in the creation of the formal model. Their skill is unlikely to extend into the knowledge required from various domain experts. How do the domain experts and formal-methods experts communicate with one another to provide critical input into the abstract model and the actual system? We have encountered this problem repeatedly when bringing in a formal methods expert to analyse a complex component. A design approach called analytical software design (ASD) tries to address these barriers by combining some elements of the Cleanroom Software Engineering technique pioneered by IBM Federal Systems with the framework based on communicating sequential processes (CSP). Experience has shown that applying ASD results in software with very low defect levels entering integration and system testing.
Electrical impedance myography in the detection of radiculopathy (2005)

Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is a new bioimpedance-based technique for neuromuscular disease assessment. Past work has focused on EIM in the evaluation of diffuse diseases (such as myopathy). In this study, the method's most basic form, linear-EIM, was used for the assessment of restricted radiculopathic disease. Ten normal subjects and 10 patients with unilateral cervical or lumbosacral radiculopathy, diagnosed by electromyography and clinical criteria, were enrolled. Linear-EIM was performed bilaterally on all individuals, and comparisons with the major outcome variable, theta(avg), were made. In normal subjects, side-to-side differences in theta(avg) averaged 0.64% and were no greater than 15.9% in magnitude. In the 10 patients with radiculopathy, theta(avg)was consistently lower in the affected extremity, with a mean side-to-side difference of 15.3%, but ranging as low as 72.3%; there was a tendency for muscles with more prominent chronic neurogenic change to show greater relative reductions in theta(avg). These findings support the potential utility of EIM in assessment of localized neuromuscular disease.
A genotype of exceptional longevity is associated with preservation of cognitive function (2006)

Using two independent cohorts, we implicate the longevity CETP gene as a modulator of age-related cognitive function. A specific CETP genotype is associated with lower CETP levels and a favorable lipoprotein profile. It has not been determined whether modulation of this gene prevents age-related decline or AD.
Buried-mesa avalanche photodiodes (1998)

We have developed a low-cost buried-mesa avalanche photodiode (APD) primarily targeted for 2.5-Gb/s lightwave applications. These APDs are made by a simple batch process that produces a robust and reliable device with potentially high yield and thus low cost. The entire base structure of our InGaAs-InP APD is grown in one epitaxial step and the remaining process consists of four simple steps including a mesa etch, one epitaxial overgrowth, isolation, and metallization. Buried-mesa APDs fabricated in this way show high uniform gain that rises smoothly to breakdown with increasing reverse bias. When biased to operate at a gain of 10, these unoptimized devices show dark current less than 20 nA, excess noise factor less than 5, and a 3-dB bandwidth of about 4 GHz. With a 1550-nm laser modulated at 2488 Mb/s, a maximum sensitivity of -327 dBm was obtained with an optical receiver using one such APD, without antireflection coatings. These APD's not only demonstrate excellent device characteristics but also high reliability under rigorous stress testing. No degradation was observed even after being biased near breakdown for over 2000 h at 200/spl deg/C.
Extended and knotted optical traps in three dimensions (2011)

We describe a method for projecting holographic optical traps that are extended along arbitrary curves in three dimensions, and whose amplitude and phase profiles are specified independently. This approach can be used to create bright optical traps with knotted optical force fields.
Information framework for energy systems using agent-based cloud computing technology (2014)

We present a novel idea to combine agent technology and cloud computing for monitoring an energy system. We describe how a cloud infrastructure can be useful in storing and processing near real-time sensor data. This paper also presents the implementation of the cloud computing capability as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and reporting capabilities in cloud throughout a network of worker role and procedural assemblies. This system generates alarms based on various conditions emerging from the sensor data of an energy generation system.
RFID-Based Thermal Bubble Non-Floating Type Accelerometer with Semi-Cylindrical Chamber and Filled with Xenon Gas (2011)

This research proposes a wireless RFID-based thermal bubble accelerometer design, and relates more particularly for the technology to manufacture and package it on a flexible substrate. The key technology is to integrate both a thermal bubble accelerometer and a wireless RFID antenna on the same substrate, such that the accelerometer is very convenient for fabrication and usage. In this paper the heaters as well as the thermal sensors are directly adhering on the surface of the flexible substrate without the traditional floating structure. Thus the structure is much simpler and cheaper for manufacturing, and much more reliable in large acceleration impact condition without broken. Furthermore, the molecular weight of xenon gas is much larger than carbon dioxide, thus the performance of the accelerometer will be increased. In addition, the shape of the chamber is changed as a semi-cylindrical one instead of the conventional rectangular type. Comparisons of sensitivity and response time are also made; one can see the performances of the proposed new design with either semi-cylindrical chamber or filled with xenon gas are better.
Development of Yeast as an In Vivo Test Tube to Characterize a Broad Spectrum of p53 Mutations Associated with Breast Cancer (2002)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is an inducible, sequence-specific transcription factor capable of modulating the expression of more than 100 genes in human cells to coordinate different cellular responses to stress. The p53 pathway is altered in nearly all human cancers and p53 mutant proteins with amino acid changes in the DNA binding domain are aberrantly expressed in nearly 50% of tumors. We developed a system in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that addresses p53 transactivation capacity from 26 different p53 Response Elements (REs) in a constant chromatin structure and that provides for detailed functional analysis of p53 mutant alleles. We applied this method in trying to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate differential transactivation by p53 and determined the functional fingerprints of many p53 mutants including a group of novel alleles that were reported in familial breast cancer. Interestingly, we observed that among ^1300 different amino acid changes detected in tumors, many do not result simply in loss of function but instead alter the ability to transactivate from the various target sequences. Our results suggest that the actual functional status of p53 alleles expressed in tumor cells, not simply whether or not there is a mutation, may correlate with clinical outcome. The yeast functional assay offers a practical means to develop ap53 mutant functionality database that is likely to become valuable in predicting tumor aggressiveness and responsiveness to therapy.
End-to-End Rate-Distortion Optimized MD Mode Selection for Multiple Description Video Coding (2006)

Multiple description (MD) video coding can be used to reduce the detrimental effects caused by transmission over lossy packet networks. A number of approaches have been proposed for MD coding, where each provides a different tradeoff between compression efficiency and error resilience. How effectively each method achieves this tradeoff depends on the network conditions as well as on the characteristics of the video itself. This paper proposes an adaptive MD coding approach which adapts to these conditions through the use of adaptive MD mode selection. The encoder in this system is able to accurately estimate the expected end-to-end distortion, accounting for both compression and packet loss-induced distortions, as well as for the bursty nature of channel losses and the effective use of multiple transmission paths. With this model of the expected end-to-end distortion, the encoder selects between MD coding modes in a rate-distortion (R-D) optimized manner to most effectively tradeoff compression efficiency for error resilience. We show how this approach adapts to both the local characteristics of the video and network conditions and demonstrates the resulting gains in performance using an H.264-based adaptive MD video coder.
SU-D-144-04: Physiologically Gated Microbeam Radiation Therapy Using Electronically Controlled Field Emission X-Ray Source Array (2013)

Purpose: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is an experimental pre-clinical technique using arrays of microscopically-thin, low-energy X-ray radiation to treat radio-resistant, deep-seated tumors. All previous MRT experiments were performed using synchrotron radiation. We have developed a compact MRT small animal system using carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission x-ray technology. Our purpose is to incorporate respiratory gating to the MRT system, minimizing motion blurring and increasing the peak-to-valley-dose ratio (PVDR), which is important for normal tissue sparing. Methods: A prototype CNT MRT system was employed. The intrinsically divergent radiation is collimated into ∼300um microbeams using an external collimator. Parallel microbeam planes were delivered by translating the object perpendicular to the microbeam plane in a step-and-shoot fashion. The device generated an average entrance dose rate of 1Gy/minute. For respiratory-gated irradiation, electron field emission from CNT cathodes was synchronized with the respiratory cycle of the mouse so x-ray radiation is only extracted during the motionless phase of respiration.A phantom simulating mouse respiration used a servo motor pushing on a pressure sensor in a typical breathing pattern. A control program used the signal to trigger x-ray irradiation during the motionless phase. Two experiments were run: a single line irradiation at 160 kVp delivering 0.9 Gy/min for 5 minutes, and three such lines of irradiation separated by 900um. Dose profiles were measured with EBT2 Gafchromic dosimetry films. Results: A single beam showed a FWTM increase from 638 to 1088um with un-gated motion. With gating, the FWTM was 669um, similar to the motionless case.PVDR quantifies MRT effectiveness in the case of multiple lines. Motion reduces PVDR 50 percent; with gating PVDR is almost entirely recovered, 5.5 percent higher than without motion. Conclusion: Gated MRT largely eliminates microbeam broadening from physiological motion, maintaining high PVDR. The technique increases precision and will be tested during MRT treatments.
Robust 2D phase correction for echo planar imaging under a tight field‐of‐view (2010)

Nyquist ghost artifacts are a serious issue in echo planar imaging. These artifacts primarily originate from phase difference between even and odd echo images and can be removed or reduced using phase correction methods. The commonly used 1D phase correction can only correct phase difference along readout axis. 2D correction is, therefore, necessary when phase difference presents along both readout and phase encoding axes. However, existing 2D methods have several unaddressed issues that affect their practicality. These issues include uncharacterized noise behavior, image artifact due to unoptimized phase estimation, Gibbs ringing artifact when directly applying to partial k(y) data, and most seriously a new image artifact under tight field-of-view (i.e., field-of-view slightly smaller than object size). All these issues are addressed in this article. Specifically, theoretical analysis of noise amplification and effect of phase estimation error is provided, and tradeoff between noise and ghost is studied. A new 2D phase correction method with improved polynomial fitting, joint homodyne processing and phase correction, compatibility with tight field-of-view is then proposed. Various results show that the proposed method can robustly generate images free of Nyquist ghosts and other image artifacts even in oblique scans or when cross-term eddy current terms are significant.
<title>Coupled-resonator vertical-cavity laser</title> (1998)

The monolithic integration of coupled resonators within a vertical cavity laser opens up new possibilities due to the unique ability to tailor the interaction between the cavities. The authors report the first electrically injected coupled resonator vertical-cavity laser diode and demonstrate novel characteristics arising from the cavity coupling, including methods for external modulation of the laser. A coupled mode theory is used model the output modulation of the coupled resonator vertical cavity laser.
Optical noise reduction by reconstructing positive and negative images from Fourier holograms in coaxial holographic storage systems (2006)

A technique for reconstructing positive and negative images from an identical intensity-modulated hologram is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally by use of a coaxial holographic storage system. Negative images are obtained by adding a phase-modulated dc component of signal beam on reading. By comparing positive and negative images, the bit error rate (BER) is improved by two orders of magnitude. This technique can reduce optical noise of reconstructed images to attain low BERs.
Defining the Integration Capacity of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Photoreceptor Precursors (2012)

Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world. Differentiation of retinal cells, including photoreceptors, from both mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), potentially provide a renewable source of cells for retinal transplantation. Previously, we have shown both the functional integration of transplanted rod photoreceptor precursors, isolated from the postnatal retina, in the adult murine retina, and photoreceptor cell generation by stepwise treatment of ESCs with defined factors. In this study, we assessed the extent to which this protocol recapitulates retinal development and also evaluated differentiation and integration of ESC-derived retinal cells following transplantation using our established procedures. Optimized retinal differentiation via isolation of Rax.GFP retinal progenitors recreated a retinal niche and increased the yield of Crx(+) and Rhodopsin(+) photoreceptors. Rod birth peaked at day 20 of culture and expression of the early photoreceptor markers Crx and Nrl increased until day 28. Nrl levels were low in ESC-derived populations compared with developing retinae. Transplantation of early stage retinal cultures produced large tumors, which were avoided by prolonged retinal differentiation (up to day 28) prior to transplantation. Integrated mature photoreceptors were not observed in the adult retina, even when more than 60% of transplanted ESC-derived cells expressed Crx. We conclude that exclusion of proliferative cells from ESC-derived cultures is essential for effective transplantation. Despite showing expression profiles characteristic of immature photoreceptors, the ESC-derived precursors generated using this protocol did not display transplantation competence equivalent to precursors from the postnatal retina.
Frequency-Scanning MALDI Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer for Large Biomolecular Ion Detection (2011)

This study presents the first report on the development of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) linear ion trap mass spectrometer for large biomolecular ion detection by frequency scan. We designed, installed, and tested this radio frequency (RF) scan linear ion trap mass spectrometer and its associated electronics to dramatically extend the mass region to be detected. The RF circuit can be adjusted from 300 to 10 kHz with a set of operation amplifiers. To trap the ions produced by MALDI, a high pressure of helium buffer gas was employed to quench extra kinetic energy of the heavy ions produced by MALDI. The successful detection of the singly charged secretory immunoglobulin A ions indicates that the detectable mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of this system can reach ~385 000 or beyond.
(3N+1)-frame phase retrieval for double-grating Ronchi lateral shearing interferometry (2022)

Accurate wavefront measurement using double-grating Ronchi lateral shearing interferometry significantly relies on the accuracy of shear-phase retrieval. Traditional methods cannot effectively suppress the interferences of unwanted diffractions generated by the Ronchi grating at the image plane. In this paper, we propose a method that uses 3N+1 shear interferograms to retrieve the shear phase, where N is a positive integer. The selection of N depends on the number of the diffraction orders existing in the shearogram. According to the numerical aperture of the optical system under test and the period of image grating, the interferograms corresponding to the specific 3N+1 phase shifts are obtained, from which the shear phase is calculated. For validation, the frequency response of the proposed algorithm is characterized, and the improved accuracy of wavefront measurement is demonstrated by comparisons with the existing 8-frame, 10-frame and 13-frame methods.
Structure From Motion on XSlit Cameras (2019)

We present a structure-from-motion (SfM) framework based on a special type of multi-perspective camera called the cross-slit or XSlit camera. Traditional perspective camera based SfM suffers from the scale ambiguity which is inherent to the pinhole camera geometry. In contrast, an XSlit camera captures rays passing through two oblique lines in 3D space and we show such ray geometry directly resolves the scale ambiguity when employed for SfM. To accommodate the XSlit cameras, we develop tailored feature matching, camera pose estimation, triangulation, and bundle adjustment techniques. Specifically, we devise a SIFT feature variant using non-uniform Gaussian kernels to handle the distortions in XSlit images for reliable feature matching. Moreover, we demonstrate that the XSlit camera exhibits ambiguities in pose estimation process which can not be handled by existing work. Consequently, we propose a 14 point algorithm to properly handle the XSlit degeneracy and estimate the relative pose between XSlit cameras from feature correspondences. We further exploit the unique depth-dependent aspect ratio (DDAR) property to improve the bundle adjustment for the XSlit camera. Synthetic and real experiments demonstrate that the proposed XSlit SfM can conduct reliable and high fidelity 3D reconstruction at an absolute scale.
[Determination of medullasin levels for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis]. (2002)

Medullasin levels in granulocytes of patients with neurological diseases and healthy volunteers were determined by the enzyme immunoassay using mouse monoclonal antibodies against human medullasin and o-phenylenediamine-H2O2 as the detection system of the enzyme activity. One hundred twenty-one out of 159 patients with multiple sclerosis (76.1%) showed positive results (above means of normals + 2SD) in this test, while only 16.9% (24/142) of patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases had positive results. This enzyme immunoassay method for medullasin is considered to be an useful paraclinical test for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
The Met-callatostatins of the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria : post-translational modifications, neuronal mapping and functional significance (1996)

SummaryThe extraction, isolation and characterization of four members of the Met-callatostatin family of neuropeptides from the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria is described. The parent compound has the amino acid sequence Gly-Pro-Pro-Tyr-Asp-Phe-Gly-Met-NH2 and the other three are post-translational modifications derived by prolyl-hydroxylation in either the Pro2 or Pro3 positions and by N-terminal truncation to give the hexapeptide. Immunocytochemical studies have been carried out to determine the localization of the peptides which are found in various neurons within the central nervous system as well as in mid-gut endocrine cells. Physiological studies reveal a potent inhibitory effect of the peptides on the spontaneous peristaltic contractions of the ileum.