gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digitally Calibrated 768-kS/s 10-b Minimum-Size SAR ADC Array With Dithering (2012)

Array sensors require a high-performance analog-to-digital converter (ADC) array with small area and low power. Successive-approximation register (SAR) ADC has good potential for ADC array due to its simple analog circuits. However, SAR ADCs with 10-b resolution and higher normally need a large capacitor array due to the stringent matching requirement. The large capacitor array also limits the ADC dynamic performance. The capacitor mismatch has been compensated by analog calibration techniques. In this work, a novel digital calibration method is developed for SAR ADC based on dithering. With dithering, weights of most significant bit (MSB) capacitors can be measured accurately so that very small capacitors can be used in the SAR ADC due to the relaxed matching requirement. A modified bit-cycling procedure is developed to avoid the code gaps caused by capacitor dithering. This calibration technique requires no analog calibration overhead and simple digital decoders. The technique is implemented in an ADC array design including 256 SAR ADCs for a high-speed CMOS imaging sensor in a 0.18-μm CMOS process. The 10-b SAR ADC is designed with the minimum capacitor array size in the process. A single SAR ADC only occupies 15 μm × 710 μm. Sampling at 768 kS/s, peak DNL and peak INL of the original ADCs averaged across the array are 0.82 least significant bit (LSB) and 3.85 LSB, respectively. For a signal close to the Nyquist frequency, original ADCs have 7.96-b average ENOB. After calibration with dithering, ADCs have 0.55-LSB peak DNL and 0.77-LSB peak INL averaged across the array. The average ENOB improves to 9.83 b. Compared with the benchmark 10-b SAR ADCs, this design is the most area-efficient design. In this work, the calibration decoders are implemented off-chip. With a sample-and-hold amplifier, the calibration method can run in the background.
Brushing element fields (2018)

Aggregate elements following certain directions have a variety of applications in graphics, design, and visualization. However, authoring oriented elements in various output domains, especially in 3D, remains challenging. We propose a novel brushing system to facilitate interactive authoring of aggregate elements with diverse properties over given output domains via an element synthesis approach. To increase output quality and reduce input workload, we further propose element fields that can automatically orient the entire elements in better alignments over the output domains according to partially user-specified strokes. The proposed system can effectively synthesize distinct types of elements within various output domains in higher quality and efficiency and offer more user friendliness than existing practices. Our method can be applied to practical applications such as graphic design, artistic collage, and aggregate modeling.
[Effects of various adsorbants on coagulation factors (author's transl)]. (1975)

Adsorption of clotting factors by various adsorbants is studied (tricalcium phosphate, baryum sulfate or carbonate or citrate, calcium oxalate, aluminium hydroxyde and several silicate such as: kaolin, celite, bentonite, attapulgite, beidellite, asbestos). The main properties of each adsorbant are listed as well as several applications such as: selective adsorption of fibrinogen, separation between fibrinogen and factor VIII, separation of factor II from the other components of the prothrombin complex. Activation of factors XII and XI by the various silicates, as well as the activation of factor V by attapulgite are studied. Finally, the action of such adsorbants on the fibrinolytic system is summarized.
On the polar codes for MIMO (2013)

Polarization, first introduced by Arikan, is a phenomenon that after some processing of a channel, the resulted channels are either almost clean channels or useless channels. In this paper we propose three schemes to polarize a MIMO channel and design the corresponding polar codes. In the first two schemes, the MIMO channel is decomposed into different independent channels, while in the third scheme, we analyze the performance to polarize the MIMO channel directly. In SCHEME ONE, we design corresponding polar code for each independent channel, and in SCHEME TWO, we propose a method to transmit messages cooperatively in these channels. Based on the theoretical analysis and the simulation results, the SCHEME TWO can achieve a lower frame error rate without sacrifice of coding rate and decoding delay.
Rotorcraft Parameter Identification from Real Time Flight Data (2008)

Rotorcraft system identification involves the derivation of the model structure and parameters, such as aerodynamic stability and control derivatives, from flight-test results. Accurate rotorcraft system identification often requires higher order mathematical models. However, system identification becomes difficult and complicated as the number of modeling degrees of freedom are increased. In the present work, a new method for rotorcraft parameter estimation based on the application of a radial basis function network is proposed. The radial basis function networkbased technique does not require a mathematical model of the helicopter, and the rotorcraft parameters can be directly computed from the flight data. The radial basis function network is found to give results in the same range as obtained from conventional parameter estimation techniques, such as the maximum likelihood method. Results obtained using the radial basis function network approach are compared to published research on the BO 105 helicopter and found to be in good agreement.
Stretch Out and Compact: Workflow Scheduling with Resource Abundance (2013)

Resource abundance is apparent in today's multi-core era. Workflow applications common in science and engineering can take great advantage of such ample resource capacity. Yet, existing workflow scheduling algorithms have been mostly designed on the traditional and contrasting premise of scarce resource capacity relative to what applications require. In this paper, we address the problem of workflow scheduling exploiting resource abundance not only for performance, but also for resource efficiency. We first present the critical-path-first scheduling algorithm, which efficiently stretches out the schedule to proactively preserve critical path length, the shortest possible time of completion. We then develop an algorithm to compact the schedule for resource efficiency. The schedule is compacted by rearranging tasks making use of idle/inefficiency slots present in the schedule due to precedence constraints (synchronization). We have compared the performance of our scheduling algorithm with three previous algorithms and evaluated the efficacy of our schedule compaction algorithm by applying it to those four scheduling algorithms including our own. Experiments were conducted in a simulated environment with various real-world scientific workflows. Results show that our scheduling algorithm achieves a great performance to resource usage ratio. Further, our schedule compaction algorithm reduces resource usage by 33% on average ranging from 11.3% to 90.7% with no make span increases.
Multi-layer tunnel barrier (Ta 2 O 5 /TaO x /TiO 2 ) engineering for bipolar RRAM selector applications (2013)

Ultrathin stoichiometric Ta2O5 layer, which was formed by thermal oxidation of Ta layer on ALD TiO2, exhibits excellent selector characteristics. To maximize the selector performance, we adopted various interface engineering techniques such as Ta2O5 thickness, control of oxygen profile in TaOx layer, top electrode materials, and band gap of bottom insulating oxide layer. By optimizing process conditions, we obtained outstanding selector performances such as high current density (>107A/cm2), high selectivity (~104), better off-current (<;100nA) and excellent reliabilities. Furthermore, the selector was fabricated in 1K cross-point array and vertically-integrated with Conductive-Bridge RAM (CBRAM).
Applying planning to interactive storytelling (2010)

We have seen ten years of the application of AI planning to the problem of narrative generation in Interactive Storytelling (IS). In that time planning has emerged as the dominant technology and has featured in a number of prototype systems. Nevertheless key issues remain, such as how best to control the shape of the narrative that is generated (e.g., by using narrative control knowledge , i.e., knowledge about narrative features that enhance user experience) and also how best to provide support for real-time interactive performance in order to scale up to more realistic sized systems. Recent progress in planning technology has opened up new avenues for IS and we have developed a novel approach to narrative generation that builds on this. Our approach is to specify narrative control knowledge for a given story world using state trajectory constraints and then to treat these state constraints as landmarks and to use them to decompose narrative generation in order to address scalability issues and the goal of real-time performance in larger story domains. This approach to narrative generation is fully implemented in an interactive narrative based on the “Merchant of Venice.” The contribution of the work lies both in our novel use of state constraints to specify narrative control knowledge for interactive storytelling and also our development of an approach to narrative generation that exploits such constraints. In the article we show how the use of state constraints can provide a unified perspective on important problems faced in IS.
Intranasal midazolam as first‐line inhospital treatment for status epilepticus: a pharmaco‐EEG cohort study (2019)

This pharmaco-EEG-based study showed that in-MDZ is effective and well-tolerated for the acute treatment of SE. EEG and clinical effects of in-MDZ administration occurred within 04:07 and 5:05 on average. Intranasal midazolam appears to be an easily applicable and rapidly effective alternative to buccal or intramuscular application as first-line treatment if an intravenous route is not available.
Mobilizing Cu(I) for Carbon−Carbon Bond Forming Catalysis in the Presence of Thiolate. Chemical Mimicking of Metallothioneins (2011)

Copper(I) is rendered catalytically viable in the presence of thiolate by the design of a small molecule chemical analogue of the metallothionein system in which an N-O reactant serves the same conceptual purpose of the S-S reactant of the biological system.
Stretch-Induced Hypertrophy Activates NFkB-Mediated VEGF Secretion in Adult Cardiomyocytes (2011)

Hypertension and myocardial infarction are associated with the onset of hypertrophy. Hypertrophy is a compensatory response mechanism to increases in mechanical load due to pressure or volume overload. It is characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling and hypertrophic growth of adult cardiomyocytes. Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which acts as an angiogenic factor and a modulator of cardiomyocyte function, is regulated by mechanical stretch. Mechanical stretch promotes VEGF secretion in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Whether this effect is retained in adult cells and the molecular mechanism mediating stretch-induced VEGF secretion has not been elucidated. Our objective was to investigate whether cyclic mechanical stretch induces VEGF secretion in adult cardiomyocytes and to identify the molecular mechanism mediating VEGF secretion in these cells. Isolated primary adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARCMs) were subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch at an extension level of 10% at 30 cycles/min that induces hypertrophic responses. Cyclic mechanical stretch induced a 3-fold increase in VEGF secretion in ARCMs compared to non-stretch controls. This increase in stretch-induced VEGF secretion correlated with NFkB activation. Cyclic mechanical stretch-mediated VEGF secretion was blocked by an NFkB peptide inhibitor and expression of a dominant negative mutant IkBα, but not by inhibitors of the MAPK/ERK1/2 or PI3K pathways. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated an interaction of NFkB with the VEGF promoter in stretched primary cardiomyocytes. Moreover, VEGF secretion is increased in the stretched myocardium during pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. These findings are the first to demonstrate that NFkB activation plays a role in mediating VEGF secretion upon cyclic mechanical stretch in adult cardiomyocytes. Signaling by NFkB initiated in response to cyclic mechanical stretch may therefore coordinate the hypertrophic response in adult cardiomyocytes. Elucidation of this novel mechanism may provide a target for developing future pharmacotherapy to treat hypertension and heart disease.
An End-Use Energy Demand Monitoring Project for Estimating the Potential of Energy Savings in the Residential Sector (2000)

This paper describes an extensive monitoring project which collected end-use electric power, city gas consumption and ambient and room temperature measuring at thirty minute intervals over one year for 40 residential houses in a newly developed town in the suburb of Kyoto and Nara. The primary purpose of this project is to estimate the potential for energy saving and to find effective ways to achieve energy saving in the residential sector in Japan. Better understanding ofthe nature ofenergy demand in residential houses is essential in order to identify savings opportunities at the end use level. The monitoring system used was completely automatic, and the data for the period from Oct. 1998 to Nov. 1999 have been acquired successfully. The measured data were separated into end-use purposes such as the demand for space cooling and heating, hot water and cooking. Daily load curves for each end-use have been estimated from the measured data. In this paper, the project will be described in detail, and the present state of end-use energy demand in the relatively new typical residential houses in Kansai region of Japan, will be described.
Teleportation Systems Toward a Quantum Internet (2020)

Quantum teleportation is essential for many quantum information technologies, including long-distance quantum networks. Using fiber-coupled devices, including state-of-the-art low-noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and off-the-shelf optics, we achieve conditional quantum teleportation of time-bin qubits at the telecommunication wavelength of 1536.5 nm. We measure teleportation fidelities of 90% that are consistent with an analytical model of our system, which includes realistic imperfections. To demonstrate the compatibility of our setup with deployed quantum networks, we teleport qubits over 22 km of single-mode fiber while transmitting qubits over an additional 22 km of fiber. Our systems, which are compatible with emerging solid-state quantum devices, provide a realistic foundation for a high-fidelity quantum Internet with practical devices.
Same-Single-Cell Analysis for the Study of Drug Efflux Modulation of Multidrug Resistant Cells Using a Microfluidic Chip (2008)

Since multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of failure in cancer chemotherapy, we report a microfluidic approach combined with the same-single-cell analysis to investigate the modulation of MDR, manifested as the inhibition of drug efflux. A microfluidic chip that was capable of selecting and retaining a single multidrug-resistant cancer cell was used to investigate drug efflux inhibition in leukemia cell lines. Three advantages of the microfluidic-based same-single-cell analysis (dubbed as SASCA) method have been revealed. First, it readily detects the modulation of drug efflux of anticancer compounds (e.g., daunorubicin) by MDR modulators (e.g., verapamil) among cellular variations. Second, SASCA is able to compare the different cellular abilities in response to drug efflux modulation based on the drug transport kinetics of single cells. Third, SASCA requires only a small number of cells, which may be beneficial for investigating drug resistance in minor cell subpopulations (e.g., cancer "stem" cells).
Autonomous vision-based tethered-assisted rover docking (2013)

Many intriguing science discoveries on planetary surfaces, such as the seasonal flows on crater walls and skylight entrances to lava tubes, are at sites that are currently inaccessible to state-of-the-art rovers. The in situ exploration of such sites is likely to require a tethered platform both for mechanical support and for providing power and communication. Mother/daughter architectures have been investigated where a mother deploys a tethered daughter into extreme terrains. Deploying and retracting a tethered daughter requires undocking and re-docking of the daughter to the mother, with the latter being the challenging part. In this paper, we describe a vision-based tether-assisted algorithm for the autonomous re-docking of a daughter to its mother following an extreme terrain excursion. The algorithm uses fiducials mounted on the mother to improve the reliability and accuracy of estimating the pose of the mother relative to the daughter. The tether that is anchored by the mother helps the docking process and increases the system's tolerance to pose uncertainties by mechanically aligning the mating parts in the final docking phase. A preliminary version of the algorithm was developed and field-tested on the Axel rover in the JPL Mars Yard. The algorithm achieved an 80% success rate in 40 experiments in both firm and loose soils and starting from up to 6 m away at up to 40° radial angle and 20° relative heading. The algorithm does not rely on an initial estimate of the relative pose. The preliminary results are promising and help retire the risk associated with the autonomous docking process enabling consideration in future martian and lunar missions.
Red-Eye Blink, Bendy Shuffle, and the Yuck Factor: A User Experience of Biometric Airport Systems (2007)

When people find security systems difficult or unacceptable, it can result in bottlenecks, excessive operation costs, and shortcuts or workarounds that undermine security. Since 2001, airports worldwide have deployed an increasing number of security systems with biometric recognition. Some operate behind the scenes, for airport staff or cabin crew use. Airports have been deploying biometrics for travelers, too. Some systems are voluntary, whereas others are required, and store travelers' biometric characteristics for inspection or record. Biometric systems should have user-friendly, intuitive interfaces that guide users in presenting necessary traits. Thus, we must ask whether current biometric systems in airports are usable.
Method for Solving Minimum Reflux Problem of Multicomponent Distillation for Operation Type (1983)

塔内を通じて, 気液のモル流量の変化を考慮し, 操作型多成分蒸留の最小還流問題の一解法が示された. 本法には, 仮想ピンチ段の概念と正現化θ法による二つの収束ループが, 塔内組成分布をうるために用いられている. 二つの数値例により本計算法の安定性が示されると同時に, Underwoodの方法が最小還流比を小さく見積もることが明らかにされ, 操作還流比を最小還流比に近づけようとする蒸留プロセスの省エネルギー運転の立場から, 操作還流比を評価するときの本法の有用性が示された.
Kinematic Skeleton Extraction Based on Motion Boundaries for 3D Dynamic Meshes (2012)

This paper presents a precise kinematic skeleton extraction method for 3D dynamic meshes. Contrary to previous methods, our method is based on the computation of motion boundaries instead of detecting object parts characterized by rigid transformations. Thanks to a learned boundary edge function, we are able to compute efficiently a set of motion boundaries which in fact correspond to all possible articulations of the 3D object. Moreover, the boundaries are detected even if the parts linked to an object's articulation are immobile over time. The different boundaries are then used to extract the kinematic skeleton. Experiments show that our algorithm produces more precise skeletons compared to previous methods.
Crystal Structure and Chemical Stabilization of the Triple Salt (KHSO<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>⋅KHSO<sub>4</sub>⋅K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (2003)

Abstract The title compound, a versatile and chemically stabilized oxidant, which is used technologically on a large scale, builds up an intercalation‐type of crystal structure with alternating sheets of sulfate and peroxomonosulfate anions, interspersed by the potassium cations. The sulfate ions are joined by a very short but nonetheless probably asymmetric hydrogen bond. At room temperature, the HSO $\rm{_{5}^{-}}$ ions show dynamic orientational/conformational disorder in the area of the hydrogenperoxo group, which disappears at 100 K. The chemical stabilization of the triple salt is ascribed to shielding of the HSO $\rm{_{5}^{-}}$ ions effected by the intercalation between the sulfate sheets and, furthermore, by the large and abundant K + ions of this potassium‐rich compound.
Real-time O(1) bilateral filtering (2009)

We propose a new bilateral filtering algorithm with computational complexity invariant to filter kernel size, so-called O(1) or constant time in the literature. By showing that a bilateral filter can be decomposed into a number of constant time spatial filters, our method yields a new class of constant time bilateral filters that can have arbitrary spatial and arbitrary range kernels. In contrast, the current available constant time algorithm requires the use of specific spatial or specific range kernels. Also, our algorithm lends itself to a parallel implementation leading to the first real-time O(1) algorithm that we know of. Meanwhile, our algorithm yields higher quality results since we are effectively quantizing the range function instead of quantizing both the range function and the input image. Empirical experiments show that our algorithm not only gives higher PSNR, but is about 10× faster than the state-of-the-art. It also has a small memory footprint, needed only 2% of the memory required by the state-of-the-art for obtaining the same quality as exact using 8-bit images. We also show that our algorithm can be easily extended for O(1) median filtering. Our bilateral filtering algorithm was tested in a number of applications, including HD video conferencing, video abstraction, highlight removal, and multi-focus imaging.
Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub>−MgO Mixed Oxides Prepared by the Sol−Gel Method (1999)

Titania−magnesia mixed oxides, with magnesia concentrations between 10 and 90 wt %, were prepared by using the sol−gel method with titanium n-butoxide and magnesium ethoxide as precursors. The mixed oxides were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, BET nitrogen adsorption isotherms, electron spin resonance (ESR), and by testing their catalytic activity for 2-propanol and 2-butanol dehydration. Samples contained periclase, anatase, karooite (MgTi2O5), geikielite (MgTiO3), and qandilite (Mg2TiO4). The BET specific surface area varied with magnesia concentration; the samples with 50 wt % MgO had the highest area, 211 m2/g. Samples had paramagnetic centers that produced complex ESR spectra when many crystalline phases coexisted. For 2-propanol and 2-butanol decomposition, the activity and selectivity patterns of the mixed oxides were substantially different to those observed in pure TiO2 and pure MgO. This singular behavior should be a result of the structural defects created by the substitution of Mg2+ ions by Ti4+ cations in titania lattice, as well as by the interfaces created when several crystalline phases coexisted.