gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urdamycins, new angucycline antibiotics from Streptomyces fradiae. V. Derivatives of urdamycin A. (1989)

Derivatives of the angucycline urdamycin A (1) were prepared in order to study structure-activity relationships in this group of antitumor antibiotics. Derivatives of 1 formed by methanolysis, O-acylation, hydrogenation and treatment with diazomethane were isolated and characterized by their spectroscopic data. Urdamycin G (20) was isolated from Streptomyces fradiae by shortening the fermentation time. The different glycosidation pattern of the aglycone 14 did not lead to significant differences in the biological activity. O-Acylation was shown to enhance the in vitro activity of 1 against stem cells of murine L1210 leukemia depending on the lipophilicity of the molecules. The importance of the 5,6-double bond of 1 with regard to the antitumor activities is discussed.
Fast millimeter wave beam alignment (2018)

There is much interest in integrating millimeter wave radios (mmWave) into wireless LANs and 5G cellular networks to benefit from their multi-GHz of available spectrum. Yet, unlike existing technologies, e.g., WiFi, mmWave radios require highly directional antennas. Since the antennas have pencil-beams, the transmitter and receiver need to align their beams before they can communicate. Existing systems scan the space to find the best alignment. Such a process has been shown to introduce up to seconds of delay, and is unsuitable for wireless networks where an access point has to quickly switch between users and accommodate mobile clients.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles scavenge nitric oxide radical (˙NO) (2012)

In this study we have obtained evidence that cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO(2) NPs) are able to scavenge nitric oxide radical. Surprisingly, this activity is present in CeO(2) NPs with a lower level of cerium in the 3+ state (CeO(2) NPs with low 3+/4+ ratio and therefore a reduced number of oxygen vacancies), in contrast to the superoxide scavenging properties which are correlated with an increased level of cerium in the 3+ state (CeO(2) NPs with high 3+/4+ ratio and therefore an increased number of oxygen vacancies).
Zika virus-based immunotherapy enhances long-term survival of rodents with brain tumors through upregulation of memory T-cells (2020)

Zika virus (ZIKV) exhibits a tropism for brain tumor cells and has been used as an oncolytic virus to target brain tumors in mice with modest effects on extending median survival. Recent studies have highlighted the potential for combining virotherapy and immunotherapy to target cancer. We postulated that ZIKV could be used as an adjuvant to enhance the long-term survival of mice with malignant glioblastoma and generate memory T-cells capable of providing long-term immunity against cancer remission. To test this hypothesis mice bearing malignant intracranial GL261 tumors were subcutaneously vaccinated with irradiated GL261 cells previously infected with the ZIKV. Mice also received intracranial injections of live ZIKV, irradiation attenuated ZIKV, or irradiated GL261 cells previously infected with ZIKV. Long-term survivors were rechallenged with a second intracranial tumor to examine their immune response and look for the establishment of protective memory T-cells. Mice with subcutaneous vaccination plus intracranial irradiation attenuated ZIKV or intracranial irradiated GL261 cells previously infected with ZIKV exhibited the greatest extensions to overall survival. Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells within the brains of long-term surviving mice after tumor rechallenge revealed an increase in the number of T-cells, including CD4+ and tissue-resident effector/ effector memory CD4+ T-cells, in comparison to long-term survivors that were mock-rechallenged, and in comparison to naïve untreated mice challenged with intracranial gliomas. These results suggest that ZIKV can serve as an adjuvant to subcutaneous tumor vaccines that enhance long-term survival and generate protective tissue-resident memory CD4+ T-cells.
Polarization/Time-bin basis conversion of entangled photons (2012)

We describe a scheme for interconverting photonic entanglement between time-bin and polarization bases. This scheme makes entangled pairs insensitive to birefringement effects and thus has application in fiber-based quantum memories.
Structure-activity relationship within a series of pyrazolidinone antibacterial agents. 1. Effect of nuclear modification on in vitro activity (1993)

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of pyrazolidinone-containing mono- and bicyclic compounds are described. The results of this investigation indicate that the [3.3.0] ring system bearing strongly electron-withdrawing groups in the 3-position provides the optimal arrangement for antibacterial activity. Two highly potent derivatives, LY193239 and LY255262, have been selected for further preclinical evaluation.
High‐Sensitivity Troponin I Levels and Coronary Artery Disease Severity, Progression, and Long‐Term Outcomes (2018)

Higher hsTnI levels are associated with the underlying burden of coronary atherosclerosis, more rapid progression of CAD, and higher risk of all-cause mortality and incident cardiovascular events. Whether more aggressive treatment aimed at reducing hsTnI levels can modulate disease progression requires further investigation.
ICP0 Is Not Required for Efficient Stress-Induced Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 from Cultured Quiescently Infected Neuronal Cells (2006)

Viral genes sufficient and required for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation were identified using neuronally differentiated PC12 cells (ND-PC12 cells) in which quiescent infections with wild-type and recombinant strains were established. In this model, the expression of ICP0, VP16, and ICP4 from adenovirus vectors was sufficient to reactivate strains 17+ and KOS. The transactivators induced similar levels of reactivation with KOS; however, 17+ responded more efficiently to ICP0. To identify viral transactivators required for reactivation, we examined quiescently infected PC12 cell cultures (QIF-PC12 cell cultures) established with HSV-1 deletion mutants R7910 (deltaICP0), KD6 (deltaICP4), and in1814, a virus containing an insertion mutation in VP16. Although growth of these mutant viruses was impaired in ND-PC12 cells, R7910 and in1814 reactivated at levels equivalent to or better than their respective parental controls following stress (i.e., heat or forskolin) treatment. After treatment with trichostatin A, in1814 and 17+ reactivated efficiently, whereas the F strain and R7910 reactivated inefficiently. In contrast, KD6 failed to reactivate. In experiments with the recombinant KM100, which contains the in1814 mutation in VP16 and the n212 mutation in ICP0, spontaneous and stress-induced reactivation was observed. However, two strains, V422 and KM110, which lack the acidic activation domain of VP16, did not reactivate above low spontaneous levels after stress. These results demonstrate that in QIF-PC12 cells ICP0 is not required for efficient reactivation of HSV-1, the acidic activation domain of VP16 is essential for stress-induced HSV-1 reactivation, and HSV-1 reactivation is modulated uniquely by different treatment constraints and phenotypes.
Tdp-43 cryptic exons are highly variable between cell types (2017)

Our results suggest that in human disease, TDP-43 loss of function may impair cell type-specific pathways.
Therapeutic application of C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate for clinical amniotic fluid embolism: a case report (2015)

We present the successful application of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) concentrate to a patient with clinical amniotic fluid embolism (AFE).
Combining Expression and Comparative Evolutionary Analysis. The<i>COBRA</i>Gene Family (2006)

Plant cell shape is achieved through a combination of oriented cell division and cell expansion and is defined by the cell wall. One of the genes identified to influence cell expansion in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root is the COBRA (COB) gene that belongs to a multigene family. Three members of the AtCOB gene family have been shown to play a role in specific types of cell expansion or cell wall biosynthesis. Functional orthologs of one of these genes have been identified in maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa; Schindelman et al., 2001; Li et al., 2003; Brown et al., 2005; Persson et al., 2005; Ching et al., 2006; Jones et al., 2006). We present the maize counterpart of the COB gene family and the COB gene superfamily phylogeny. Most of the genes belong to a family with two main clades as previously identified by analysis of the Arabidopsis family alone. Within these clades, however, clear differences between monocot and eudicot family members exist, and these are analyzed in the context of Type I and Type II cell walls in eudicots and monocots. In addition to changes at the sequence level, gene regulation of this family in a eudicot, Arabidopsis, and a monocot, maize, is also characterized. Gene expression is analyzed in a multivariate approach, using data from a number of sources, including massively parallel signature sequencing libraries, transcriptional reporter fusions, and microarray data. This analysis has revealed that the expression of Arabidopsis and maize COB gene family members is highly developmentally and spatially regulated at the tissue and cell type-specific level, that gene superfamily members show overlapping and unique expression patterns, and that only a subset of gene superfamily members act in response to environmental stimuli. Regulation of expression of the Arabidopsis COB gene family members has highly diversified in comparison to that of the maize COB gene superfamily members. We also identify BRITTLE STALK 2-LIKE 3 as a putative ortholog of AtCOB.
Unexpected long-term stability of a cyanine dye bioconjugate (2005)

Biocompatible organic dyes, in general, exhibit poor photostability in aqueous solution. This is especially true at the high concentrations needed for bolus administration in a clinical application. Several years ago, we showed that by using carefully chosen macromolecular additives, the stability of aqueous dye solutions may be enhanced significantly. We now report the observation of an unexpected long-term stability of a near infrared dye-peptide conjugate. The Mallinckrodt developed dye-peptide conjugate known as Cytate is an indocyanine type dye attached to the peptide octreotate. We have previously shown that this compound targets somatostatin receptor rich tumors and provides unambiguous contrast for optical imaging. A freshly prepared aqueous solution of Cytate was mixed with blood (from a rat) in a small glass bottle. An optical image was taken soon after, along with several control samples. The Cytate-blood bottle fluoresced quite nicely. The sample bottles were then left in a lab for three plus years, at room temperature with ordinary exposure to lab lights. The sample bottles were imaged after the three year period, and the Cytate-blood bottle fluoresces still.
Boron-based drugs as antiprotozoals (2011)

Research at several biotechnology companies, sponsored by product development partners (PDPs), has been successful in identifying a novel class of boron-based drugs, the benzoxaboroles, as potential treatments for neglected tropical diseases. This work was based, in part, on the earlier observation of antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of the benzoxaboroles. The unique properties of boron, namely its ability to reversibly interact with biochemical targets through an empty p-orbital, are important to the success of these new drug candidates. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the boron-based compounds are consistent with features required for oral absorption, metabolic stability and low toxicity - all important for progression of this class to clinical trials.
Acellular pertussis vaccines and the role of pertactin and fimbriae (2007)

The introduction of acellular pertussis (Pa) vaccines in countries with a low uptake of whole-cell pertussis (Pw) vaccines has led to a dramatic reduction in pertussis disease. Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa) vaccines have also ensured continued high level disease protection in these countries following the shift from Pw- to Pa-containing vaccines, and allowed pertussis booster programs to be implemented. Vaccines containing between one and five components have been licensed and implemented. Those with three or more components consisting of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertussis toxin (PT) and pertactin (PRN) are considered to be more effective than one/two-component Pa vaccines that contain only PT or both PT and FHA. Changes in circulating Bordetella pertussis strains may impact vaccine efficacy and, thus, incidence and transmission of pertussis and deserve to be followed carefully. To date, vaccine-induced shifts among fimbriae (FIM) are reported and this could impact the efficacy of FIM-containing vaccines. Currently, FIM3 appears to be dominant in most European countries, Canada and Australia. Data obtained from a DTPa5 vaccine containing FIM2 and FIM3 have indicated a shift towards an increase in FIM3-expressing B. pertussis clinical breakthrough cases when compared with control vaccine. By contrast, relatively minor PT and PRN sequence polymorphisms have been identified without demonstrable association with vaccination programs. Adsorption of PRN to aluminum salt appears critical for optimal protective capacity in murine pertussis lung challenge. In addition, clinical studies have shown anti-PRN antibody levels to be higher when PRN is adsorbed at a 8-microg dosage versus non-adsorbed PRN at a 3-microg dosage. The available data, therefore, demonstrate that appropriately formulated acellular vaccines containing PT and PRN are the preferred option for pertussis immunization.
Multilayer tunneling barriers for nonvolatile memory applications (2003)

A tunnel barrier consisting of two materials with different dielectric constant is demonstrated to show that improved programming and/or erasing performance is obtained compared to conventional oxide layers. It is also shown that charge trapping is not a showstopper for the application of such stacks in floating gate nonvolatile memory devices.
Low bit-rate video streaming for face-to-face teleconference (2005)

Face-to-face video teleconferencing is very important for real time communication. Current teleconferencing applications use standard video codecs, such as MPEG 1/2/4, for the compression of face video. Either a high bandwidth is required for high quality video transmission, or the transmitted face video is blurred at low bitrates. We present a system for real-time coding of face video at low bit-rate. There are two main contributions. First, we improve the technique of long term memory prediction by selecting frames into the database in an optimal way. A new frame is selected into the database only when it is significantly different from those frames which are already in the database. In this way, the database can cover a wider range of images. Second, we incorporate prior knowledge about faces into the long term memory prediction framework. The prior knowledge includes: (1) facial motions are repetitive such that most of them can be reconstructed from multiple reference frames; (2) different components of the face and the background can tolerate different levels of error because of different perceptual importance. Experiments show that, at similar PSNR, the proposed system works much faster and achieves better visual quality than the standard H.264/JVT codec.
An enzymatic beamhouse process coupled with semi-metaltanning and eco-benign post tanning leads to cleaner leather production (2005)

Leather industry in the world is presently undergoing radical transformation due to environmental pollution and discharge statutes. Hence, the industry is stressed to search for cleaner leather processing. Present leatherprocessing methodologies are known to contribute higher pollution loads. This method of tanning process comprises 'do-undo' logic. In addition, the conventional methods followed in leather processing subject the collagen matrix to wide variation in pH (2.8 - 13.0). This is evidenced from the emission of huge amount of pollution loads such as bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), sulfates, chlorides and chromium. In the study illustrated here, the hair and flesh removal as well as fiber opening have been achieved using bio-products at pH 8.0, pickle free semi-metal tanning employing aluminium, vegetable tannins and silica followed by post-tanning using environmental benign chemicals. Hence, eco-benign chemicals have been used throughout the leather processing. It has been observed that the extent of hair removal and opening up of fiber bundles are comparable to that of conventionally processed leathers. This has been demonstrated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and softness measurements. The shrinkage temperature of the experimental leathers obtained from this combination tanning system is about 100°C. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with conventionally chrome-tanned leathers through physical strength and hand evaluation. The developed process also exhibits significant reduction in BOD, COD, TDS and TS loads by 46, 33, 91, and 92%, respectively. Further, the developed process appears to be economically viable.
Synthesis and characterization of a bifunctional ion exchange resin with polystyrene-immobilized diphosphonic acid ligands (1996)

A new ion exchange resin for the selective complexation of metal ions has been synthesized by functionalizing vinylbenzyl chloride-styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads with the sodium salt of tetra(isopropyl) methylene diphosphonate. The effects of bifunctionality, matrix rigidity, degree of functionalization, and macroporosity on final resin properties have been quantified. A sulfonic acid-diphosphonic acid bifunctional resin is highly selective with rapid complexation kinetics. A macroporous polymer matrix crosslinked with 10% divinylbenzene provides optimum results; for example, 99.7% Eu(III) is complexed from a 1M nitric acid solution with a 30-min contact time. The importance of physical crosslinking as well as chemical crosslinking in limiting access of substrates into polymer-supported reagents is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Beyond the Dots in the Box – Microseismicity-constrained Fracture Models for Reservoir Simulation (2010)

locations for these events and a geometrical interpretation of these ‘dots in the box’. In this study we show how additional information obtained from observed microseismic events, namely the source mechanisms, were used to generate a discrete fracture network. Both volumetric and shear-only source mechanism inversion was carried out on microseismic events from the treatment of a shale gas reservoir in the continental US. The source mechanisms revealed fracture orientations more accurately than could be inferred from microseismic event locations alone. The activity associated with different mechanisms is interpreted as indicating reactivation of existing fractures in the rock, as well as suggesting generation of new fractures. Failure analysis using source mechanisms on individual events allows an integrated understanding of the complex fracture interactions taking place in the reservoir, and also provides a more complete understanding of the stress conditions in the reservoir during the treatment. Fracture orientations, locations, and failure mechanisms are translated into discrete fracture network (DFN) models that can be used to verify the extent and character of the fractures created or reactivated during the fracture treatment, and may ultimately be used to generate fracture flow properties for reservoir simulation.
Pyrromethene Dialkynyl Borane Complexes for “Cascatelle” Energy Transfer and Protein Labeling (2005)

All aglow: A new class of highly luminescent dyes is built by the attachment of a pyrene fragment to the boron center of a boradiazaindacene moiety through an ethynyl unit (see scheme). Very efficient energy transfer from the pyrene to the indacene center produces virtual large Stokes shifts, which are maintained, along with strong luminescence (Φ=32–45 %) when the dyes are attached to proteins such as bovine serum albumin. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500808_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Method of simultaneous transmission to coherent and non-coherent receivers using ternary sequences (2014)

In this paper, we explore a method for simultaneous tranmission to coherent and non-coherent receivers, based on ternary sequences. In many communication scenarios, the transmitters are required to support both coherent and non-coherent forms of reception thereby requiring the transmission protocols to be designed such that the transmitted data is decoded reliably at both coherent and non-coherent receivers. Further, in such scenarios, for practical purposes, the transmitter is assumed to be agnostic to the type of the intended receiver, making the design more challenging. Thus motivated, we propose a transmission mechanism for simultaneous reception by coherent and noncoherent receivers. This transmission is enabled by ternary codes, i.e., codes over the ternary alphabet: {−1, 0, +1}. The design of these ternary codes, which exhibit good correlation properties for both coherent and non-coherent reception is a major contribution of this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed codes provide almost similar performance as the optimal codes meant for the respective receiver types.
Rapid, wide bandwidth pulsed cavity ringdown spectroscopy (2013)

We present a new variant of the Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS) that is able to scan across more than 1400 nm of spectral bandwidth, acquiring and analysing more than 150,000 spectral datapoints in less than four seconds.
High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry Assay for Quantifying β-Amyloid 40 and 42 in Cerebrospinal Fluid (2019)

This assay can be used to determine Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios, which correlate with the presence of AD.
Performance Investigation of a Full-Scale Hybrid Composite Bull Gear (2016)

Hybrid composite gears have been investigated as a weight saving technology for rotorcraft transmissions. These gears differ from conventional steel gears in that the structural material between the shaft interface and the gear rim is replaced with a lightweight carbon fiber composite. The work discussed here is an extension of previous coupon level hybrid gear tests to a full-scale bull gear. The NASA Glenn Research Center High-Speed Helical Gear Rig was modified for this program, allowing several hybrid gear web configurations to be tested while utilizing the same gear rim. Testing was performed on both a baseline (steel) web configuration and a hybrid (steel-composite) configuration. Vibration, orbit and temperature data were recorded and compared between configurations. Vibration levels did not differ greatly between the hybrid and steel configurations, nor did temperature differential between inlet and outlet. While orbit shape displayed differences between the hybrid and baseline configurations, the general overall amplitude was comparable. The hybrid configuration discussed here successfully ran at 3300 hp (2,460 kW), however, progressive growth of the orbit while running at this test condition discontinued the test. Further studies are planned to determine the cause of this behavior.