gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seprafilm®-induced peritoneal inflammation: A previously unknown complication (1999)

Bioresorbable membranes are increasingly used by general surgeons and gynecologists to reduce postoperative adhesion formation. Bioresorbable membranes may produce extensive inflammatory reactions.
Preparation and Polishing Properties of Spherical Porous Silica Abrasive (2010)

Problem statement: Abrasive is one of key influencing factors on the polished surface quality in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP). Solid abrasives in CMP slurries are easy to cause polishing scratches. It is well known that reducing the hardness of abrasives would improve the polished surface quality. Therefore, the change in structure or shape of the abrasives means a change in polished surface quality. The aim of this research paper is to find the differences of CMP performances on hard disk between solid silica abrasives and porous silica abrasives. Approach: A kind of spherical porous silica abrasive was prepared and its CMP performances on hard disk had been investigated. The influences of polishing parameters including polishing time, down force and rotation speed on Material Removal Rate (MRR) and average roughness (Ra) were studied in hard disk substrate CMP with these prepared spherical porous SBA-15 abrasives and solid silica abrasives. Results: After polished in slurry containing solid SiO 2 , the surface became smooth and Ra decreased from 8.234-1.159 nm. However some small scratches still existed there. When polished with slurry containing spherical porous SBA-15 under the same polishing conditions, the surface became smoother, the scratches could hardly be observed and Ra decreased from 8.409-0.539 nm. Conclusion: Compared with solid silica abrasive, the prepared spherical porous silica abrasive has better hard disk substrates CMP performance under the same polishing conditions.
A Latent Model for Visual Disambiguation of Keyword-based Image Search (2009)

The problem of polysemy in keyword-based image search arises mainly from the inherent ambiguity in user queries. We propose a latent model based approach that resolves user search ambiguity by allowing sense specific diversity in search results. Given a query keyword and the images retrieved by issuing the query to an image search engine, we first learn a latent visual sense model of these polysemous images. Next, we use Wikipedia to disambiguate the word sense of the original query, and issue these Wiki-senses as new queries to retrieve sense specific images. A sense-specific image classifier is then learnt by combining information from the latent visual sense model, and used to cluster and re-rank the polysemous images from the original query keyword into its specific senses. Results on a ground truth of 17K image set returned by 10 keyword searches and their 62 word senses provides empirical indications that our method can improve upon existing keyword based search engines. Our method learns the visual word sense models in a totally unsupervised manner, effectively filters out irrelevant images, and is able to mine the long tail of image search.
Viral insulin-like peptides activate human insulin and IGF-1 receptor signaling: A paradigm shift for host–microbe interactions (2018)

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities and carry a wide variety of genetic material, including the ability to encode host-like proteins. Here we show that viruses carry sequences with significant homology to several human peptide hormones including insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-1 and -2, FGF-19 and -21, endothelin-1, inhibin, adiponectin, and resistin. Among the strongest homologies were those for four viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides (VILPs), each encoded by a different member of the family <i>Iridoviridae</i> VILPs show up to 50% homology to human insulin/IGF-1, contain all critical cysteine residues, and are predicted to form similar 3D structures. Chemically synthesized VILPs can bind to human and murine IGF-1/insulin receptors and stimulate receptor autophosphorylation and downstream signaling. VILPs can also increase glucose uptake in adipocytes and stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts, and injection of VILPs into mice significantly lowers blood glucose. Transfection of mouse hepatocytes with DNA encoding a VILP also stimulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling and DNA synthesis. Human microbiome studies reveal the presence of these <i>Iridoviridae</i> in blood and fecal samples. Thus, VILPs are members of the insulin/IGF superfamily with the ability to be active on human and rodent cells, raising the possibility for a potential role of VILPs in human disease. Furthermore, since only 2% of viruses have been sequenced, this study raises the potential for discovery of other viral hormones which, along with known virally encoded growth factors, may modify human health and disease.
On integrated visual optimization system for large reflector antenna structures (2010)

Reflector antenna structural design is an integrated problem involving structural and electromagnetic performance analysis. The synthetic analysis is discussed in details of reflector antennas based on the coupled mathematical optimization model of structural-electromagnetic performances. The optimization procedure is developed based on the improvement of both the structural performances and electromagnetic performances. Finally, the coupled analysis platform is developed, which integrates the techniques of the data library management, the selection of optimization algorithm, and variable resolution and merge. An optimization analysis of a 16-m antenna is made by the platform with useful and satisfying result obtained showing the potential of optimization platform.
Arachidonic acid and diacylglycerol release associated with inhibition of myosin light chain dephosphorylation in rabbit smooth muscle. (1995)

1. Exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) inhibits the protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates smooth muscle myosin, thus sensitizing the contractile response to Ca2+; it also inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in smooth muscle. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether endogenous AA is increased by agonists in a manner consistent with its role as a messenger regulating myosin phosphatase and Ca2+ channels. Both AA and diacylglycerol (DAG) were measured in [3H]AA-labelled intact and permeabilized (with staphylococcal alpha-toxin) rabbit femoral arteries stimulated with the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) (intact and permeabilized smooth muscles) or by guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate (GTP gamma S; permeabilized smooth muscles in which the [Ca2+] was maintained constant). Arachidonic acid mass was determined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 2. In intact smooth muscle, PE increased both AA and DAG levels significantly, to 210 and 145% of baseline values, respectively. Another Ca2+-sensitizing agent, the thromboxane analogue U46619, caused a similar increase in AA and DAG levels in rabbit pulmonary artery. 3. In permeabilized smooth muscle at constant [Ca2+](pCa 6.5) GTP gamma S-induced AA and DAG release preceded force development and GTP gamma S (50 microM, 10 min) increased AA mass to 61-88 microM. 4. Phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), another Ca2+-sensitizing agent, also increased both AA and DAG levels in permeabilized smooth muscle at pCa 6.5, whereas the inactive analogue, 4 alpha-phorbol, did not have a Ca2+-sensitizing effect, nor did it increase AA and DAG levels. 5. In the virtual absence of Ca2+ (pCa > 8) GTP gamma S also increased AA and DAG levels by 3.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively. The effect of free Ca2+ itself on AA and DAG release was modest in the physiological range (pCa 7.0 to pCa 6.0), but pCa 4.5 caused an approximately 3- to 4-fold increase in AA and DAG levels, compared with the levels at pCa 8. In permeabilized ileum smooth muscle maintained at constant [Ca2+] (pCa 6.0), carbachol also significantly increased AA to 1.75 times its original value within 1 min of its application. 6. Our results are consistent with, although do not prove, the roles of AA and DAG as second and/or co-messenger(s) in smooth muscle, while the increases in AA and DAG levels induced by PDBu raise the possibility that they contribute to some of the cellular effects of phorbol esters.
Pattern of Bacterial Colonization of Atopic Dermatitis in Saudi Children (2013)

Atopic dermatitis in children is complicated with streptococcal and gram-negative bacterial colonisations and the latter was correlated with the severity of the lesions. Enterococci and Corynebacterium species were significant residents. S. aureus remained the chief inhabitant. No causal relationship could be established between the skin microbiota and atopic dermatitis.
주의 집중 제어 훈련이 사격수행에 미치는 효과 (1991)

This study is based on the result of 6 weeks training program with 36shooters(as test subjects) who were high school students from Seoul and Gyunggido area, which was for checking how `concentration` training affects the shooting performances and the improvement of concentration-abilities, and whether there are correlations between `concentration-abilities` and shooting performances. The study issues set for this study are as follows; Study issue I : What` s relation between shooting performance and concentration training ? Study issue Ⅱ : Would concentration affect the improvement of concentration abilities ? Study issue llI : Would concentration-abilities affect the improvement shooting performances ? Followings are the results of this study based on the abovementioned study issues. Result I : There weue meaningful differences in shooting performances between the cases guoup and the control group. Result II : There were common correlations between concentration abilities and shooting performances. With the above results, I have come to the following conclusions. Conclusion I : Concentration training makes an effect on the improvement of shooting performances. Conclusion Ⅱ : Concentration training makes an effect on the improvement of concentration abilities. Conclusion lII : There are normal correlations between shooting performa-nces and concentration abilities.
<i>bag3</i> gene expression is regulated by heat shock factor 1 (2008)

BAG3 protein, a member of the BAG co-chaperones family, sustains cell survival, through its interaction with the heat shock protein (HSP) 70, in a variety of normal and neoplastic cell types. bag3 gene expression is induced by stressful stimuli. Here we report for the first time that two of the three putative heat shock-responsive elements (HSEs) in bag3 promoter interact with the heat shock factor (HSF) 1 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, downmodulation of HSF1 protein levels by specific small interfering (si) RNAs results in reducing BAG3 protein levels, indicating that the transcription factor plays a major role in bag3 gene expression. Because of the anti-apoptotic role of BAG3 protein, these results disclose a previously unrecognized pathway, through which HSF1 maintains cell survival.
Reconciling frequency selectivity and phase effects in masking (2001)

The effects of auditory frequency selectivity and phase response on masking were studied using harmonic tone complex maskers with a 100-Hz fundamental frequency. Positive and negative Schroeder-phase complexes (m+ and m-), were used as maskers and the signal was a long-duration sinusoid. In the first experiment, thresholds for signal frequencies of 1 and 4 kHz were measured as a function of masker bandwidth and number of components. A large difference in thresholds between the m+ and m- complexes was found only when masker components were presented ipsilateral to the signal over a frequency range wider than the traditional critical band, regardless of the absolute number of components. In the second experiment, frequency selectivity was measured in harmonic tone complexes with fixed or random phases as well as in noise, using a variant of the notched-noise method with a fixed masker level. The data showed that frequency selectivity is not affected by masker type, indicating that the wide listening bandwidth suggested by the first experiment cannot be ascribed to broader effective filters in complex-tone maskers than in noise maskers. The third experiment employed a novel method of measuring frequency selectivity, which has the advantage that the overall level at the input and the output of the auditory filter remains roughly constant across all conditions. The auditory filter bandwidth measured using this method was wider than that measured in the second experiment, but may still be an underestimate, due to the effects of off-frequency listening. The data were modeled using a single-channel model with various initial filters. The main findings from the simulations were: (1) the magnitude response of the Gammatone filter is too narrow to account for the phase effects observed in the data; (2) none of the other filters currently used in auditory models can account for both frequency selectivity and phase effects in masking; (3) the Gammachirp filter can be made to provide a good account of the data by altering its phase response. The final conclusion suggests that masker phase effects can be accounted for with a single-channel model, while still remaining consistent with measures of frequency selectivity: effects that appear to involve broadband processing do not necessarily require across-channel mechanisms.
Invited Commentary: A calculation of all possible oligosaccharide isomers both branched and linear yields 1.05 × 10<sup>12</sup> structures for a reducing hexasaccharide: the <i>Isomer Barrier</i> to development of single-method saccharide sequencing or synthesis systems (1994)

The number of all possible linear and branched isomers of a hexasaccharide was calculated and found to be > 1.05 x 10(12). This large number defines the Isomer Barrier, a persistent technological barrier to the development of a single analytical method for the absolute characterization of carbohydrates, regardless of sample quantity. Because of this isomer barrier, no single method can be employed to determine complete oligosaccharide structure in 100 nmol amounts with the same assurance that can be achieved for 100 pmol amounts with single-procedure Edman peptide or Sanger DNA sequencing methods. Difficulties in the development of facile synthetic schemes for oligosaccharides are also explained by this large number. No current method of chemical or physical analysis has the resolution necessary to distinguish among 10(12) structures having the same mass. Therefore the 'characterization' of a middle-weight oligosaccharide solely by NMR or mass spectrometry necessarily contains a very large margin of error. Greater uncertainty accompanies results performed solely by sequential enzyme degradation followed by gel-permeation chromatography or electrophoresis, as touted by some commercial advertisements. Much of the literature which uses these single methods to 'characterize' complex carbohydrates is, therefore, in question, and journals should beware of publishing structural characterizations unless the authors reveal all alternate possible structures which could result from their analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The plant P<sub>1B</sub>‐type ATPase AtHMA4 transports Zn and Cd and plays a role in detoxification of transition metals supplied at elevated levels (2004)

The transition metal Zn is essential for many physiological processes in plants, yet at elevated concentrations this, and the related non-essential metal Cd, can be toxic. Arabidopsis thaliana HMA4, belonging to the Type P1B subfamily of P-type ATPases, has recently been implicated in Zn nutrition, having a role in root to shoot Zn translocation. Using Arabidopsis insertional mutants, it is shown here that disruption of AtHMA4 function also results in increased sensitivity to elevated levels of Cd and Zn, suggesting that AtHMA4 serves an important role in metal detoxification at higher metal concentrations. AtHMA4 and a truncated form lacking the last 457 amino acids both confer Cd and Zn resistance to yeast but a mutant version of the full-length AtHMA4 (AtHMA4-C357G) does not; this demonstrates that the C-terminal region is not essential for this function. Evidence is presented that AtHMA4 functions as an efflux pump.
Div-Seq: A single nucleus RNA-Seq method reveals dynamics of rare adult newborn neurons in the CNS (2016)

Abstract Transcriptomes of individual neurons provide rich information about cell types and dynamic states. However, it is difficult to capture rare dynamic processes, such as adult neurogenesis, because isolation from dense adult tissue is challenging, and markers for each phase are limited. Here, we developed Div-Seq, which combines Nuc-Seq, a scalable single nucleus RNA-Seq method, with EdU-mediated labeling of proliferating cells. We first show that Nuc-Seq can sensitively identify closely related cell types within the adult hippocampus. We apply Div-Seq to track transcriptional dynamics of newborn neurons in an adult neurogenic region in the hippocampus. Finally, we find rare adult newborn GABAergic neurons in the spinal cord, a non-canonical neurogenic region. Taken together, Nuc-Seq and Div-Seq open the way for unbiased analysis of any complex tissue.
Effects of menhaden oil and flaxseed in broiler diets on sensory quality and lipid composition of poultry meat (2000)

1. Three hundred and thirty 1-d-old male broiler chicks from a commercial strain were allocated to 11 dietary treatments comprising combinations of flaxseed at 100 g/kg and menhaden oil (MO) at 7.5 or 15 g/kg. Birds were given the experimental diets 7 or 14 d prior to slaughter. Carcase omega-3 fatty acid profiles and sensory evaluations of different cooked meat portions were carried out. 2. Linolenic acid was preferentially deposited in dark meat and long chain omega-3 fatty acids in white meat. Breast meat sensory quality was not affected in birds given 100 g/kg flaxseed for 14 d (treatment 3), 7.5 g/kg MO for 14 d (treatment 5) or 100 g/kg flaxseed +0.75 g/kg MO for 7 d (treatment 6). In contrast, thigh meat sensory quality decreased in treatments 5 and 6. 3. Feeding flaxseed and MO to birds for just 7 d prior to slaughter resulted in significant omega-3 meat enrichment depending on their dietary concentrations. The linolenic acid and long chain omega-3 fatty acids showed preferential deposition in dark and white meat, respectively, which may affect the sensory quality of various portions differently.
Multimodal estimation of discontinuous optical flow using Markov random fields (1993)

The estimation of dense velocity fields from image sequences is basically an ill-posed problem, primarily because the data only partially constrain the solution. It is rendered especially difficult by the presence of motion boundaries and occlusion regions which are not taken into account by standard regularization approaches. In this paper, the authors present a multimodal approach to the problem of motion estimation in which the computation of visual motion is based on several complementary constraints. It is shown that multiple constraints can provide more accurate flow estimation in a wide range of circumstances. The theoretical framework relies on Bayesian estimation associated with global statistical models, namely, Markov random fields. The constraints introduced here aim to address the following issues: optical flow estimation while preserving motion boundaries, processing of occlusion regions, fusion between gradient and feature-based motion constraint equations. Deterministic relaxation algorithms are used to merge information and to provide a solution to the maximum a posteriori estimation of the unknown dense motion field. The algorithm is well suited to a multiresolution implementation which brings an appreciable speed-up as well as a significant improvement of estimation when large displacements are present in the scene. Experiments on synthetic and real world image sequences are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antenna selection for multiple-antenna transmission systems: performance analysis and code construction (2003)

This correspondence studies antenna selection for wireless communications systems that employ multiple transmit and receive antennas. We assume that (1) the channel is characterized by quasi-static Rayleigh flat fading, and the subchannels fade independently, (2) the channel state information (CSI) is exactly known at the receiver, (3) the selection is available only at the receiver, and it is based on the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at each receive antenna, and (4) space-time codes are used at the transmitter. We analyze the performance of such systems by deriving explicit upper bounds on the pairwise error probability (PEP). This performance analysis shows that (1) by selecting the set of antennas that observe the largest instantaneous SNR, one can achieve the same diversity gain as the one obtained by using all the receive antennas, provided that the underlying space-time code has full spatial diversity, and (2) in the case of rank-deficient space-time codes, the diversity gain may be dramatically reduced when antenna selection is used. However, we emphasize that in both cases the coding gain is reduced with antenna selection compared to the full complexity system. Based on the upper bounds derived, we describe code design principles suitable for antenna selection. Specifically, for systems with two transmit antennas, we design space-time codes that perform better than the known ones when antenna selection is employed. Finally, we present numerical examples and simulation results that validate our analysis and code design principles.
Hydrodehalogenation of Alkyl Iodides with Base-Mediated Hydrogenation and Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of N-Protected α-Methylamines (2014)

We report a very mild synthesis of N-protected α-methylamines from the corresponding amino acids. Carboxyl groups of amino acids are reduced to iodomethyl groups via hydroxymethyl intermediates. Reductive deiodination to methyl groups is achieved by hydrogenation or catalytic transfer hydrogenation under alkaline conditions. Basic hydrodehalogenation is selective for the iodomethyl group over hydrogenolysis-labile protecting groups, such as benzyloxycarbonyl, benzyl ester, benzyl ether, and 9-fluorenyloxymethyl, thus allowing the conversion of virtually any protected amino acid into the corresponding N-protected α-methylamine.