gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Process for producing laser-formed video calibration markers (1983)

A process for producing calibration markers directly on the photoconductive surface of video camera tubes has been developed. This process includes the use of a Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.06 microm with a 9.5-nsec pulse width (full width at half-maximum). The laser was constrained to operate in the TEM(00) spatial mode by intracavity aperturing. The use of this technology has produced an increase of up to 50 times the accuracy of geometric measurement. This is accomplished by a decrease in geometric distortion and an increase in geometric scaling. The process by which these laser-formed video calibrations are made will be discussed.
Efficient processing of transportation surveillance videos in the compressed domain (2013)

Video surveillance is used extensively in intelligent transportation systems to enforce laws, collect tolls, and regularize traffic flow. Benefits to society include reduced fuel consumption and emissions, improved safety, and reduced traffic congestion. These video cameras installed at traffic lights, highways, toll booths, etc., continuously capture video and hence generate a vast amount of data that are stored in large databases. The captured video is typically compressed before being transmitted and/or stored. While all the archived information is present in the compressed video, most current applications operate on uncompressed video. The aim is to improve the efficiency of processing by utilizing features of the compression process and the compressed video stream. Key methods that are employed involve intelligent selection of reference frames (I-frames) and exploitation of the compression motion vectors. Although specific applications in the transportation imaging domain are presented, the methods proposed here can generally impact the ability to mine vast amounts of video data for usable information in many diverse settings. Applications presented include rapid search for target vehicles (Amber Alert, Silver Alert, stolen car, etc.), vehicle counting, stop sign/light enforcement, and vehicle speed estimation.
Toughened Oxide Composites Based on Porous Alumina‐Platelet Interphases (2001)

A novel mechanism for debonding at a weak interphase in an all‐oxide composite is introduced. This methodology involves the use of alumina platelets that have a diameter of 10–15 or 5–10 μm and a thickness of 1 μm. The platelets induce constrained sintering of the ceramic powder, which results in permanent porosity. For room‐temperature properties, only minor additions (0–3 vol%) of matrix powder yield sufficiently weak debonding interphases. The platelets lie in random, three‐dimensional orientations and provide a debonding mechanism that is independent of temperature, in chemically compatible matrixes. Laminated composites with two types of matrixes—mullite and alumina—have been fabricated with modified fibrous monoliths of alumina in a triple‐layer “core/interphase/matrix” arrangement. In the laminated systems, the intimate mixing of strong versus tough microstructures has been tailored by alternating various matrix:interphase thickness ratios. Preliminary load–displacement curves clearly demonstrate characteristics of “graceful failure” and notable improvements in the work of fracture. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the crack paths confirms the viability of platelets for producing permanently porous, debondable interphases at elevated temperatures in air.
A novel decoy receptor fusion protein for FGF-2 potently inhibits tumour growth (2014)

Fibroblast growth factor-Trap potently inhibits tumour growth by blocking FGF-2 signalling pathways and could be an effective therapeutic agent for cancer patients.
Multiview-Video-Plus-Depth Coding Based on the Advanced Video Coding Standard (2013)

This paper presents a multiview-video-plus-depth coding scheme, which is compatible with the advanced video coding (H.264/AVC) standard and its multiview video coding (MVC) extension. This scheme introduces several encoding and in-loop coding tools for depth and texture video coding, such as depth-based texture motion vector prediction, depth-range-based weighted prediction, joint inter-view depth filtering, and gradual view refresh. The presented coding scheme is submitted to the 3D video coding (3DV) call for proposals (CfP) of the Moving Picture Experts Group standardization committee. When measured with commonly used objective metrics against the MVC anchor, the proposed scheme provides an average bitrate reduction of 26% and 35% for the 3DV CfP test scenarios with two and three views, respectively. The observed bitrate reduction is similar according to an analysis of the results obtained for the subjective tests on the 3DV CfP submissions.
Dynamically detecting USB attacks in hardware (2019)

Malicious USB devices can disguise themselves as benign devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, etc.) to insert malicious commands on end devices. Advanced software-based detection schemes (deeper operating system level) are used to identify the malicious nature of such mimic devices. However, a powerful adversary (e.g., as rootkits or advanced persistent threats) can subvert those software-based detection schemes. To address these concerns, we present our ongoing work to dynamically detect these threats in hardware. Specifically, we utilize a novel hardware-assistance mechanism to collect unaltered USB data at the physical layer which is fed into a machine learning-based classifier to determine the true nature of the USB device.
A calibration procedure for beam monitors in a scanned beam of heavy charged particles (2004)

An international code of practice (CoP) for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water has recently been published by the IAEA [Technical Report Series No. 398, 2000] (TRS-398). This new CoP includes procedures for proton and heavy ion beams as well as all other beam qualities. In particular it defines reference conditions to which dose measurements should refer to. For proton and ion beams these conditions include dose measurements in the center of all possible modulated Bragg peaks. The recommended reference conditions in general are used also for the calibration of beam monitors. For a dynamic beam delivery system using beam scanning in combination with energy variation, like, e.g., at the German carbon ion radiotherapy facility, this calibration procedure is not appropriate. We have independently developed a different calibration procedure. Similar to the IAEA CoP this procedure is based on the measurement of absorbed dose to water. This is translated in terms of fluence which finally results in an energy-dependent calibration of the beam monitor in units of particle number per monitor unit, which is unique for all treatment fields. In contrast to the IAEA CoP, the reference depth is chosen to be very small. The procedure enables an accurate and reliable determination of calibration factors. In a second step, the calibration is verified by measurements of absorbed dose in various modulated Bragg peaks by comparing measured against calculated doses. The agreement between measured and calculated doses is usually better than 1% for homogeneous fields and the mean deviation for more inhomogeneous treatment fields, as they are used for patient treatments, is within 3%. It is proposed that the CoP in general, and in particular the IAEA TRS-398 should include explicit recommendations for the beam monitor calibration. These recommendations should then distinguish between systems using static and dynamic beams.
Numerical verification of chaos-based random number generators by using bootstrap method (2011)

Two random number generation methods based on a double-scroll chaotic system are introduced. Numerical models for the proposed designs have been developed where bootstrap method is utilized which allows us to estimate the statistical characteristics of underlying chaotic signals. Offset compensation loops have been developed in order to maximize the statistical quality of the output sequence and to be robust against external interference and parameter variations. Numerical results, verifying the feasibilities and correct operations of the random number generators are given such that numerically generated binary sequences fulfill FIPS-140-2 statistical test suites for randomness without post-processing.
An instrument for the recovery of preimplantation uterine ova. (1988)

This report describes an instrument to recover fertilized ova from the human uterus without anesthesia. Two hundred sixty-five lavages were performed on 20 normal and presumed fertile women and on seven infertile women. Using 60 mL of fluid, median fluid recovery was 97% (range 65-100%). In the fertile women, ova were recovered in 40 of 90 insemination cycles (44%). Complications were rare (3%), but included two retained pregnancies, three minor pelvic infections, three occurrences of catheter kinking on insertion, and one failure to obtain insertion. Reproductive function in the subjects after repeated use does not appear to be impaired.
Catalytic Properties and Classification of Cellobiose Dehydrogenases from Ascomycetes (2011)

Putative cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) genes are frequently discovered in various fungi by genome sequencing projects. The expression of CDH, an extracellular flavocytochrome, is well studied in white rot basidiomycetes and is attributed to extracellular lignocellulose degradation. CDH has also been reported for plant-pathogenic or saprotrophic ascomycetes, but the molecular and catalytic properties of these enzymes are currently less investigated. This study links various ascomycetous cdh genes with the molecular and catalytic characteristics of the mature proteins and suggests a differentiation of ascomycete class II CDHs into two subclasses, namely, class IIA and class IIB, in addition to the recently introduced class III of hypothetical ascomycete CDHs. This new classification is based on sequence and biochemical data obtained from sequenced fungal genomes and a screening of 40 ascomycetes. Thirteen strains showed CDH activity when they were grown on cellulose-based media, and Chaetomium atrobrunneum, Corynascus thermophilus, Dichomera saubinetii, Hypoxylon haematostroma, Neurospora crassa, and Stachybotrys bisbyi were selected for detailed studies. In these strains, one or two cdh-encoding genes were found that stem either from class IIA and contain a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module or from class IIB without such a module. In several strains, both genes were found. Regarding substrate specificity, class IIB CDHs show a less pronounced substrate specificity for cellobiose than class IIA enzymes. A pH-dependent pattern of the intramolecular electron transfer was also observed, and the CDHs were classified into three groups featuring acidic, intermediate, or alkaline pH optima. The pH optimum, however, does not correlate with the CDH subclasses and is most likely a species-dependent adaptation to different habitats.
Diamond cooling of high power diode pumped solid state lasers (2003)

We have demonstrated the feasibility of cooling high power solid-stae lasers with diamond windows, whose thermal conductivity is about two orders of magnitude higher than sapphire's. An output power of 200Watt was achieved froma single Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub> slab in a zigzag configuration when pumped with 600Watt diodes at 808nm. The maximum output power reported in the literature with conventional cooling schemes is about 50W. A 2.3x4x24mm<sup>3</sup> slab was pumped from its broad side (4x24 mm<sup>2</sup>) through a 0.3mm thick optical diamond window placed in close contact with the lasing crystal. The diamond window, held in a water-cooled copper housing acted as a heat conductor. The other broad side of the crystal was cooled directly by its water-cooled copper housing. Since pumping and cooling were along the same axis, a Cartesian thermal gradient was achieved, while the zigzag scheme was used to minimize thermal lensing. By using a BBO Q-switch, 70Watt average power was obtained at 20kHz with a pulse width of 19msec and with a beam quality of 3 and 12 times diffraction limit in the zigzag and transverse directions respectively. The output of a two-head configuration was 295Watt.
Information instantiation in sensor management (1998)

One of the tasks associated with a heterogeneous, multi-sensor system is the determination of which function to perform (search, track, or identification). Previous work by the authors has focused on the use of the information gain attributable to a reduction in the kinematic, identification, or search uncertainty as a useful cost function for making the trade-off among the possible uses of a sensor. This view has been subsumed as a subcomponent of a new approach (not covered here) which quantitatively apportions goal-values ordered in a lattice among the several tasks. That is, rather than use an information measure to determine whether to search, track, or identification, an information instantiator is used to determine when to schedule the next observations of a target in order to insure that tracks are maintained, areas of uncertainty are searched, and important targets identified. The scheduling of these observations among the various sensors is optimized separately using the previously developed OGUPSA algorithm. Information instantiation is a collection of methods used to convert information needs at the mission management level to the actual type of measurement(s) to make. This paper describes these methods which are used to schedule measurements of search areas with associated probabilities of detection to meet search information needs, obtain measurements of a target in track to reduce its kinematic uncertainty to a specified level, and to reduce the uncertainty about a target's identity as both a specific information gain in identification and capitalize on that ID to increase target track accuracy. A brief description and block diagram of our complete sensor management model is also presented to show the interrelationship of the information instantiator to the other components.
Fixation distance estimation using vergence eye movement for automatic focusing glasses (2013)

In this study, we propose a method for estimating fixation distance on the basis of measurements of vergence eye movements. The aim of this approach is to control the lens focus of automatic focusing glasses. To reduce user effort at the time of calibration, the calibration was performed at infinite distance gazing, and the parameters were determined from the premeasured pupillary distance at infinity and iris diameters. To clarify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted evaluation experiments using prototype glasses. The results showed that even participants requiring myopic correction could perform accurate motion vergence movements. Fixation distance estimation showed that, with the eye calibrated at infinite distance gazing, shorter distances could be estimated with an average accuracy exceeding 90%.
ZnO flexible high voltage thin film transistors for power management in wearable electronics (2018)

A ZnO-based flexible high voltage thin film transistor (f-HVTFT) is fabricated on a plastic substrate. The f-HVTFT shows a blocking voltage of 150 V, on-current of 170 μA, and off-current of 0.01 pA at a drain bias of 10 V. The maximum recoverable bending radius of the device reaches 11 mm, and the blocking voltage is larger than 120 V while it is under bending. The unique center-symmetric circular structure of the f-HVTFT is particularly useful to the wearable systems, which enable one to operate under bending from arbitrary directions. The ZnO-based f-HVTFT is a promising candidate to be used for power management of self-powered wearable electronic systems.
Multiplexed Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay for Identification of Viral Respiratory Pathogens at the Point of Care (2007)

We have developed a nucleic acid-based assay that is rapid, sensitive, and specific and can be used for the simultaneous detection of five common human respiratory pathogens, including influenza virus A, influenza virus B, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus groups B, C, and E. Typically, diagnosis on an unextracted clinical sample can be provided in less than 3 h, including sample collection, preparation, and processing, as well as data analysis. Such a multiplexed panel would enable rapid broad-spectrum pathogen testing on nasal swabs and therefore allow implementation of infection control measures and the timely administration of antiviral therapies. We present here a summary of the assay performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The limits of detection are provided for each targeted respiratory pathogen, and result comparisons were performed on clinical samples, our goal being to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplexed assay to the combination of immunofluorescence and shell vial culture currently implemented at the University of California-Davis Medical Center hospital. Overall, the use of the multiplexed reverse transcription-PCR assay reduced the rate of false-negative results by 4% and reduced the rate of false-positive results by up to 10%. The assay correctly identified 99.3% of the clinical negatives and 97% of the adenovirus, 95% of the RSV, 92% of the influenza virus B, and 77% of the influenza virus A samples without any extraction performed on the clinical samples. The data also showed that extraction will be needed for parainfluenza virus, which was only identified correctly 24% of the time on unextracted samples.
Analysis of Factors Driving Incident and Ascending Infection and the Role of Serum Antibody in<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Genital Tract Infection (2015)

Serum anti-chlamydial IgG is not associated with a lowered rate of ascending or repeat infection. Identification of factors associated with ascending infection and increased risk of incident infection provide guidance for targeted screening of women at increased risk for sequelae.
All-in-one 1236-nm Yb/Raman fiber laser (2012)

We present for the first time a cascaded Raman fiber laser where the Yb-doped fiber laser and Raman fiber are combined into a single fiber. We achieve 42.6 % slope efficiency at 1236 nm with respect to launched pump power.
Actinic phase defect detection and printability analysis for patterned EUVL mask (2010)

Multilayer defects embedded in EUV mask blanks are of primary concern in making usable mask because the multilayer defects as small as 1.5 nm in height cause phase shifts and are most likely to be printable on wafers. To detect such phase defects, we have developed an actinic (at wavelength) full-field EUV mask blank inspection tool equipped with dark-field imaging optics. Inspection performance was demonstrated by a full-field mask blank inspection of a test mask blank to detect its programmed phase defects and native phase defects. A potential of detecting phase defects among the absorber patterns was also explored by inspecting masks with dot bump defects sitting among the absorber lines and line bump defects perpendicular to the absorber lines. For the phase defect printability study, the test mask was exposed using an EUV exposure tool (EUV1) at Selete. Simulation of projected image was also conducted using FDTD method. Multilayer defect printability for varying location of the multilayer phase defects relative to the absorber line patterns were evaluated
Optimizing temporal topic segmentation for intelligent text visualization (2013)

We are building a topic-based, interactive visual analytic tool that aids users in analyzing large collections of text. To help users quickly discover content evolution and significant content transitions within a topic over time, here we present a novel, constraint-based approach to temporal topic segmentation. Our solution splits a discovered topic into multiple linear, non-overlapping sub-topics along a timeline by satisfying a diverse set of semantic, temporal, and visualization constraints simultaneously. For each derived sub-topic, our solution also automatically selects a set of representative keywords to summarize the main content of the sub-topic. Our extensive evaluation, including a crowd-sourced user study, demonstrates the effectiveness of our method over an existing baseline.
Power meter for high energy lasers. [Patent application] (1981)

A power meter is described non-destructively measuring the power of a high energy laser beam. The power meter includes a cell disposed in the flow path of a gas containing a laser radiation-absorbing species. The absorption coefficient of the absorbing species is small enough to allow the beam to pass through the cell essentially unaltered. The concentration of the absorbing species is modulated to modulate its absorption of the laser beam power and produce acoustic waves in the gas which can be detected and measured to give an absolute measurement of the power in the high energy laser beam.
Multi-stage algorithm for uncertainty analysis of solar power forecasting (2016)

A new uncertainty quantification (UQ) algorithm for the error analysis of solar power forecasting is introduced. In solar power forecasting, there is a strong need for lenders, operators, traders, and Virtual Power Plant (VPP) to evaluate the forecasting results provided by different forecast providers. The algorithm potentially evaluates the third party's forecast to increase the performance of VPP. This algorithm includes four stages: First stage generates the clear sky model and the normalized solar power irradiance. In the second stage, the measured solar energy data are classified into different categories based on the Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). In the third stage, the new data are classified into one of the pre-defined categories based on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) features using the k nearest neighbor combined with the General Pattern Search (kNN-GPS) algorithm. Finally, a well conditioned Kriging model is applied to each class and quantifies the prediction intervals for the third party's forecasts using the idea behind analog ensemble forecasting method.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐4‐substituted‐5‐pyrazolyl)sulfonylimino‐5,7‐disubstituted‐2<i>H</i>‐1,2,4‐thiadiazolo[2,3‐<i>a</i>]pyrimidine derivatives (1991)

Abstract A series of 2‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐4‐substituted‐5‐pyrazolyl)sulfonylimino‐5,7‐disubstituted‐2H‐1,2,4‐thiadiazolo[2,3‐a]pyrimidines was synthesized and tested for herbicidal effects. The compounds showed potent activity and improved selectivity to rice when compared with analogous sulfonylurea derivatives.
Assessing Messenger RNA Decapping in Cellular Extracts (2004)

Removal of the 5' cap from a messenger RNA (mRNA) is an integral part of all mRNA decay pathways and can be a highly regulated event. Assays designed to assess decapping in vitro need to effectively resolve four products of mRNA decay: 7meGpppG produced by 3'-5' shortening of the transcript by the exosome, 7meGMP produced by the scavenger decapping enzyme DcpS acting on the product of exosomal decay, 7meGDP produced by the Dcp1/2 decapping enzyme, and free phosphate, which can be generated by phosphatases in the extract acting upon either of the two products of decapping noted above. We have outlined both thin-layer chromatography and acrylamide-gel based approaches that can be used to assess decapping activities.
Robust anchorperson detection for TV news segmentation (2006)

In this paper, we proposed a scheme for TV news segmentation via exploring the efficient visual features. The proposed scheme can be divided into three parts, such as shot change detection based on skin color; probable anchorperson shot detection and anchorperson detection. According to experimental results, our proposed method can efficiently decompose TV news into anchorperson shots and report shots. Compared to the traditional face detection methods, the proposed method can robustly exclude the non-anchorperson shots in report shots such as the interview scenes. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed technique.