gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Built-in controller for self-test and repair of 3D integrated Nand flash memory chip, used in radiation intense space environment (2011)

The perennial need for memory storage is further increasing with the advancements in technology. Both terrestrial and space related applications thrive on efficient ways and new technology for storing data that is incorruptible and dependable. Research is continuously carried out on making storage systems vast and reliable. The development of 3D integration has spawned the idea of a new generation of memory based on 3D stackable chips. In an era where there is a continuous demand for larger, faster, denser and robust memories, 3D stackable memory settles in perfectly. However, technology scaling is having a negative effect on the robustness (low yield and higher sensitivity to radiation effects) of the memories and 3D stackable memory is no exception. As the eagerness for using 3D stackable memory builds up because of its many advantages the major concern that stands as an obstacle for such a system is its yield and system reliability. It is an important consideration in critical applications related to space, avionics, and defense. Even if a single memory domain fails in a stack of memory modules due to any kind of irregularity, it can lead to a total system breakdown. The potential dangers for 3D memory include destructive errors such as physical errors in memory arrays, wear out faults, hard errors (e.g. stuck bits) & errors due to memory yield problems and non-destructive errors (soft errors) such as single event upsets (SEU). There is also an increased risk of the 3D technology class memories to be effected by multiple bit upsets (MBU) because of their natural vertical structure. Hence, 3D memory needs an efficient memory controller that can make the memory more reliable and robust against such dangers. The memory controller should not only accomplish the memory accessing, but it also should act as a potential healing system (ability to retrieve the data and exclude the failed memory) for the stack of memory. The concentration of the present work is focused on 3D Nand flash memory. It proposes an efficient and robust memory controller for 3D Integrated Nand flash memory chips used in space radiation environment that performs continuous self test and repair. It revives the system from all single point hard errors and soft errors. The controller uses a novel and flexible memory mapping scheme (using PUF technology) and appropriate Error correction code (ECC) to protect against the above mentioned errors. The controller is implemented on a FPGA with three different kinds of ECC differing in the correction capability, space requirement, latency (delay) and power requirement. This work serves as a look up table for space missions with varying mission requirements to make the choice of a particular type of ECC to go with the 3D Nand flash controller.
An Evaluation of Users’ Place Attachment and Identity in a Recreational Urban Setting (2020)

The validity of Williams and Roggenbuck’s [1] place attachment scale has been examined in numerous studies and the results indicate that it is a valid instrument for measuring place dependence and place identity in a variety of settings. The purpose of this study is to expand previous construct validity research on items related to the latent variable identified as place identity on a recreational resource in an urban setting. Participants included 126 trail users (58% female, 42% male, age 20-66) who completed an online survey designed to measure individual perceptions of trail characteristics and patterns of use. A single-factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed with goodness-of-fit tested using chi-square. When performed using the Maximum Likelihood method, the test was not significant, χ2(2) = 4.74, p = .09. When performed using the Generalized Least Squares method, the test also was not significant, χ2(2) = 4.54, p = .10, thus failing to reject the null hypothesis that the data do not fit the model. The results suggest that the 4-item place identity scale may be a valid measurement tool for use on recreational spaces in urban settings.
Mechanism of biological formation of cannabielsion from cannabidiol in the guinea-pig, mouse, rat and rabbit. (1989)

Biological formation of cannabielsoin (CBE) from cannabidiol (CBD) was studied in the guinea pig, mouse, rat and rabbit in vitro. Emphasis was placed on the elucidation of this formation mechanism. The enzyme activity of CBE formation was localized in hepatic microsomes. The enzymatic reaction required nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and molecular oxygen, and showed an optimal pH around 7.3. The microsomal CBE-forming activities decreased in the following order; guinea pig greater than mouse greater than or equal to rabbit greater than or equal to rat. The CBE formation in the guinea pig hepatic microsomes was suppressed with various inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 such as SKF 525-A, alpha-naphthoflavone and carbon monoxide, but not by disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. When incubated with the microsomes either in the presence or absence of NADPH, a synthetic epoxide of CBD, 1S, 2R-epoxy-CBD-2',6'-diacetate was easily and exclusively converted to CBE. On the other hand, 1R, 2S-epoxy-CBD was not changed to CBE at all, but to several oxidized metabolites. These results suggest that CBD is biotransformed to 1S,2R-epoxy-CBD with hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system including cytochrome P-450, and the epoxide is immediately converted to CBE.
Region segmentation via deformable model-guided split and merge (2002)

An improved method for deformable shape-based image segmentation is described. Image regions are merged together and/or split apart, based on their agreement with an a priori distribution on the global deformation parameters for a shape template. Perceptually-motivated criteria are used to determine where/how to split regions, based on the local shape properties of the region group's bounding contour. A globally consistent interpretation is determined in part by the minimum description length principle. Experiments show that model-guided split and merge yields a significant improvement in segmention over a method that uses merging alone.
Biocompatibility to Reduce Thrombogenicity of Intracoronary Stents (1999)

In interventional cardiology major technical advances have been accomplished in the last 20 years. Especially, the introduction of endovascular prostheses (stents) was an important step forward. With the implantation of stents in coronary arteries by Sigwart and colleagues over 10 years ago to manage acute occlusion and restenosis after PTCA, the problems of thrombogenicity and biocompatibility were evident. Strict anticoagulation had reduced the risk of in-stent thrombus formation. The problem of late neointimal proliferation with development of restenosis is still not resolved. Many different designs, materials, and coatings were proposed to reduce thrombogenicity and optimize biocompatibility. Stent structure can influence flow conditions, surface charge can attract platelets or coagulation factors, and corrosion with diffusing ions may induce proliferation of surrounding tissues. Stent surface treatment, several metal alloys, and drug-eluting or drug-stable coatings are under investigation to improve the short-term and long-term results. In the mid 1990s the introduction of an extended antiplatelet therapy and a new implantation technique with high-pressure stent deployment have improved the results. However, the optimal stent still does not exist. This article describes possible reasons and some new promising versions.
Development and validation of fall risk screening tools for use in residential aged care facilities (2008)

These two screening models are useful for identifying older people living in residential aged care facilities who are at increased risk of falls. The screens are easy to administer and contain items that are routinely collected in residential aged care facilities in Australia.
Structural Basis for Cyclic Py-Im Polyamide Allosteric Inhibition of Nuclear Receptor Binding (2010)

Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are a class of small molecules that can be programmed to bind a broad repertoire of DNA sequences, disrupt transcription factor-DNA interfaces, and modulate gene expression pathways in cell culture experiments. In this paper we describe a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of a β-amino turn-linked eight-ring cyclic Py-Im polyamide bound to the central six base pairs of the sequence d(5'-CCAGTACTGG-3')(2), revealing significant modulation of DNA shape. We compare the DNA structural perturbations induced by DNA-binding transcripton factors, androgen receptor and glucocorticoid receptor, in the major groove to those induced by cyclic polyamide binding in the minor groove. The cyclic polyamide is an allosteric modulator that perturbs the DNA structure in such a way that nuclear receptor protein binding is no longer compatible. This allosteric perturbation of the DNA helix provides a molecular basis for disruption of transcription factor-DNA interfaces by small molecules, a minimum step in chemical control of gene networks.
Toward high output-power nanogenerator (2008)

In this paper, the factors that determine the power output of a piezoelectric nanowire (NW) nanogenerator (NG) have been analyzed. The output current is the sum of those contributed by all of the NWs while the output voltage is determined by the voltage generated by a single NW, the capacitance of the NW array and the system, and the contact resistance. By growing uniform ZnO NWs with diameters of ∼100nm and lengths of ∼5μm, the output current density and output voltage of the NG was improved to ∼8.3μA∕cm2 and 10mV, respectively, which are 20–30 times higher than that we previously reported. A power generation density of ∼83nW∕cm2 is achieved by using a single layer NW NG.
Comparing information extraction pattern models (2006)

Several recently reported techniques for the automatic acquisition of Information Extraction (IE) systems have used dependency trees as the basis of their extraction pattern representation. These approaches have used a variety of pattern models (schemes for representing IE patterns based on particular parts of the dependency analysis). An appropriate model should be expressive enough to represent the information which is to be extracted from text without being overly complicated. Four previously reported pattern models are evaluated using existing IE evaluation corpora and three dependency parsers. It was found that one model, linked chains, could represent around 95% of the information of interest without generating an unwieldy number of possible patterns.
Evaluation of chemopreventive effects of betel leaf on the genotoxicity of pan masala. (1994)

The antigenotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of betel leaf (BL-ext.) against the pan masala was tested with the help of cytogenetic endpoints like chromosome aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) utilizing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Compared to the cultures treated with aqueous extract of pan masala alone, a reduction in CA and SCE frequencies in CHO cells was observed following a combined treatment with pan masala (with or without tobacco) extract and BL-ext. The protective effect of BL-ext. against the genomic damage caused by pan masala was statistically significant only after treating the cells for a longer period.
Tiramisu: a polyhedral compiler for expressing fast and portable code (2019)

This paper introduces Tiramisu, a polyhedral framework designed to generate high performance code for multiple platforms including multicores, GPUs, and distributed machines. Tiramisu introduces a scheduling language with novel extensions to explicitly manage the complexities that arise when targeting these systems. The framework is designed for the areas of image processing, stencils, linear algebra and deep learning. Tiramisu has two main features: it relies on a flexible representation based on the polyhedral model and it has a rich scheduling language allowing fine-grained control of optimizations. Tiramisu uses a four-level intermediate representation that allows full separation between the algorithms, loop transformations, data layouts, and communication. This separation simplifies targeting multiple hardware architectures with the same algorithm. We evaluate Tiramisu by writing a set of image processing, deep learning, and linear algebra benchmarks and compare them with state-of-the-art compilers and hand-tuned libraries. We show that Tiramisu matches or outperforms existing compilers and libraries on different hardware architectures, including multicore CPUs, GPUs, and distributed machines.
Efficient production of acetoin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by disruption of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and expression of NADH oxidase (2016)

Acetoin is widely used in food and cosmetic industry as taste and fragrance enhancer. For acetoin production in this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae JHY605 was used as a host strain, where the production of ethanol and glycerol was largely eliminated by deleting five alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADH1, ADH2, ADH3, ADH4, and ADH5) and two glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes (GPD1 and GPD2). To improve acetoin production, acetoin biosynthetic genes from Bacillus subtilis encoding α-acetolactate synthase (AlsS) and α-acetolactate decarboxylase (AlsD) were overexpressed, and BDH1 encoding butanediol dehydrogenase, which converts acetoin to 2,3-butanediol, was deleted. Furthermore, by NAD(+) regeneration through overexpression of water-forming NADH oxidase (NoxE) from Lactococcus lactis, the cofactor imbalance generated during the acetoin production from glucose was successfully relieved. As a result, in fed-batch fermentation, the engineered strain JHY617-SDN produced 100.1 g/L acetoin with a yield of 0.44 g/g glucose.
[Efficiency of inhibitors (phenylethanol, nalidixic acid, sodium azide)in the isolation of strictly anaerobic bacteria from a polymicrobial specimen]. (1992)

The efficacy of inhibitors (PEA, Ac Nal, Az de Na) in the isolation of strict anaerobes in polymicrobial sample. The efficacy of three inhibitors to select strict anaerobic bacteria in the polymicrobial sample had been studied. First step: The most frequent anaerobes encountered in the infections are isolated in the agar Columbia containing the different inhibitors. This step allowed us to check the inhibition of the germ we have to isolate. Next step: polymicrobial mixtures were made. The composition of which is very similar to the samples we receive in the laboratory. The swarming Proteus is the facultative anaerobic germ which gives us difficulties when isolating strict anaerobic bacteria. Then, the different mixtures were isolated separately in the agar in which the inhibitors were added. The plates containing Azide of Na and PEA gave us the best results.
Subnanosecond time-resolved x-ray measurements using an organic-inorganic perovskite scintillator (2008)

We have developed a fast x-ray detector using an organic-inorganic perovskite scintillator of phenethylamine lead bromide (PhE-PbBr4). The scintillator had a dominant light emission with a fast decay time of 9.9 ns. An x-ray detector equipped with a 0.9-mm-thick PhE-PbBr4 crystal was used to detect nuclear resonant scattering in N61i (the first excited level: 67.41 keV; lifetime: 7.6 ns) by using synchrotron radiation. With this detector, we could successfully record the decaying gamma rays emitted from N61i with a time resolution of 0.7 ns (full width at half maximum) and a relatively high detection efficiency of 24%.
Two-axis Scheimpflug focusing for particle image velocimetry (2002)

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the capabilities of a two-axis, three-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system for use as a largescale wind tunnel research tool. A two-axis PIV system provides the capability for camera placement virtually anywhere within a three-dimensional space relative to the laser sheet plane of measurement. The Scheimpflug focusing method is applied in two orthogonal axes to achieve off-axis focusing. The two-axis, three-dimensional PIV system uses off-axis stereoscopic viewing to determine two perspective measurements of a three-dimensional velocity field within the laser sheet. A unique calibration procedure is used to determine the optical parameters that describe the position of the camera systems and which are necessary to perform the three-dimensional reconstruction of the displacements. This paper presents this unique calibration for a two-axis, three-dimensional PIV system. This two-axis, three-dimensional PIV system was demonstrated first by measuring three-dimensional displacements of a target. Maximum instantaneous errors are estimated as 2% or less for all velocity components based upon the measured target displacements, and these error estimates were verified by a propagation of errors calculation. The error estimates are for instantaneous displacements and include all error sources. The two-axis, three-dimensional PIV system was also used to make measurements of the freestream velocity within a wind tunnel. The out-of-plane freestream component of velocity measured by the PIV system differed from the expected value by less than 1.1 %.
Animal Testing of Retroviral-Mediated Gene Therapy for Factor VIII Deficiency (1999)

Introduction Hemophilia A results from the plasma deficiency of factor VIII, a gene carried on the X chromosome. Bleeding results from a lack of coagulation factor VIII, a large and complex protein that circulates in complex with its carrier, von Willebrand factor (vWF).1 Severe hemophilia A (<1% of normal circulating levels) is associated with a high degree of mortality, due to spontaneous and trauma-induced, life-threatening and crippling bleeding episodes.2 Current treatment in the United States consists of infusion of plasma-derived or recombinant factor VIII in response to bleeding episodes.3 Such treatment fails to prevent cumulative joint damage, a major cause of hemophilia-associated morbidity.4 Availability of prophylactic treatment, which would reduce the number and severity of bleeding episodes and, consequently, would limit such joint damage, is limited by cost and the problems associated with repeated venous access. Other problems are associated with frequent replacement treatment, including the dangers of transmission of blood-borne infections derived from plasma used as a source of factor VIII or tissue culture or formulation components. These dangers are reduced, but not eliminated, by current manufacturing techniques. Furthermore, approximately 1 in 5 patients with severe hemophilia treated with recombinant or plasma-derived factor VIII develop inhibitory humoral immune responses. In some cases, new inhibitors have developed, apparently in response to unnatural modifications introduced during manufacture or purification.5 Gene therapy could circumvent most of these difficulties. In theory, a single injection of a vector encoding the factor VIII gene could provide constant plasma levels of factor in the long term. However, long-term expression after gene transfer of a systemically expressed protein in higher mammals has seldom been described. In some cases, a vector that appeared promising in a rodent model has not worked well in larger animals, for example, due to a massive immune response not seen in the rodent.6 An excellent review of early efforts at factor VIII gene therapy appeared in an earlier volume of this series.7 A summary of results from various in vivo experiments is shown in Table 1. This chapter will focus on results pertaining to studies using vectors based on murine retroviruses, including our own work.
Impact evaluation for school-based management reform (2007)

This report is designed to provide guidance on the design of impact evaluations of school-based management (SBM) initiatives in developing countries. SBM is a reform movement that consists in allowing schools more autonomy in decisions about their management; that is, in the use of their human, material, and financial resources. Many governments and international agencies are increasingly interested in finding ways to boost learning outcomes and get maximum benefit from their education investments, especially in developing countries. Indeed, education quality continues to be very low in middle- and low-income countries despite the success in expanding schooling access and enrollment in the last decades. Education systems in developing countries are usually highly centralized and have very strong teacher unions. Hence, reliable and well-conducted evaluations of SBM programs that can lend empirical support to the various claims on the advantages of SBM are needed; and more so, given the increasing number of countries that are adopting these reforms. Ideally, the evaluation of the SBM reform should not only focus on final educational outcomes (student learning) but should also examine whether the reform has transformed the relationships amongst school principals, teachers, parents, and government officials and the school operations and decision-making processes.
Wellbore Collapse Failure Criteria and Drilling Optimization (2019)

Design and planning in drilling a well are a key for successful before to execute drilling operation. A good understanding of wellbore stability, design mud, casing, cementing, BHA & drillstring, drilling bit, hole cleaning & hydraulic are an important process in well planning. Good design and planning can keep drilling activity on track based on schedule and it can avoid non-productive time during drilling. \nBy knowing the rock mechanics properties is important in the drilling design. Many problems happen during drilling relate to rock mechanics. One of the problem during drilling relates to rock mechanics is wellbore instability. Before drilling, rock in equilibrium condition but after drilling, there is a disturbance in the rock formation and it changes stress distribution. Knowing the insitu stresses (vertical stress, maximum horizontal stress, minimum horizontal stress) and stresses around the borehole wall (radial stress, axial stress and tangential stress) are important. With knowing these parameters, wellbore collapse caused by shear stress can be avoided. In this thesis will analyze the sensitivity of the failure criteria with respect to horizontal stress anisotropy and depth, in order to evaluate which failure criteria to recommend under which stress conditions. Mohr-Coulomb, Modified Lade and Stassi d' Alia models will be used to figure out the failure criteria. The result of these models is used to estimate critical mud weight to prevent wellbore collapse.\nThis study also will analyze drilling optimization through casing design, hole cleaning and hydraulic design, drillstring and bottom hole assembly (BHA) design. Landmark drilling software is used to design drilling optimization. With a good well design, it is expected that it can manage drilling on the track based on budget and it can mitigate problems during drilling.\n\nKeywords:\nPore pressure, fracture pressure, insitu stress, rock mechanics, collapse pressure formation, casing design, cutting transport & hydraulic methods
Clinical study of multiple primary cancers, highlighting on the oral and maxillofacial region. (1994)

顎口腔領域における重複癌症例47名に対し Retrospective な検討を加えた。内訳は二重癌35名, 三重癌9名, 四重癌3名であった。重複癌発生部位としては, 62.4%がいわゆる Multicentric zone 内に発生した。顎口腔領域を先発癌とする25例に対し, 先発癌治療後の経過観察の在り方を再検討することを目的に臨床的検討を加えたところ, 経過観察中の自覚症状の発現を契機として後発他領域癌の発見がなされていたものが18例 (72.0%) で, stage III, IVが66.7%と進行癌である傾向が伺われた。顎口腔領域癌治療後の経過観察において長期にわたる高頻度発生領域の定期的精査の必要性を再認識させられた。