gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using a simulation to generate the data to balance an assembly line (1997)

Coors Brewing Company's 16 ounce can production line was generating over $2 million annually in scrap production. Flow scrap is generated when a machine stops because it is working faster or slower than its adjacent machines. The production line flow problem was that the machines were not working together in such a way to keep the flow of cans constant from the start to the finish of the line. This work demonstrates an analysis process that minimizes the generation of flow scrap in the context of the assembly line balancing problem. The process is 1) develop a verified and validated simulation model; 2) design an experiment to run using the simulation and to collect output data from the simulation; 3) using the experimental design to determine values of the independent variables and the output data as the dependent variable, develop a metamodel; and 4) optimize the metamodel using response surface methodology. Applying this process to the Coors problem generated an annual savings of $1.87 million in 1996 dollars.
Identification and characterization of growing large-scale en-echelon fractures in a salt mine (2013)

The spatiotemporal seismicity of acoustic emission (AE) events recorded in the Morsleben salt mine is investigated. Almost a year after backfilling of the cavities from 2003, microevents are distributed with distinctive stripe shapes above cavities at different depth levels. The physical forces driving the creation of these stripes are still unknown. This study aims to find the active stripes and track fracture developments over time by combining two different temporal and spatial clustering techniques into a single methodological approach. Anomalous seismicity parameters values like sharp b-value changes for two active stripes are good indicators to explain possible stress accumulation at the stripe tips. We identify the formation of two new seismicity stripes and show that the AE activities in active clusters are migrated mostly unidirectional to eastward and upward. This indicates that the growth of underlying macrofractures is controlled by the gradient of extensional stress. Studying size distribution characteristic in terms of frequency-magnitude distribution and b-value in active phase and phase with constant seismicity rate show that deviations from the Gutenberg-Richter power law can be explained by the inclusion of different activity phases: (1) the inactive period before the formation of macrofractures, which is characterized by a deficit of larger events (higher b-values) and (2) the period of fracture growth characterized by the occurrence of larger events (smaller b-values).
Non-engineered and Engineered Adult Neurogenesis in Mammalian Brains (2019)

Adult neurogenesis has been extensively studied in rodent animals, with distinct niches found in the hippocampus and subventricular zone (SVZ). In non-human primates and human postmortem samples, there has been heated debate regarding adult neurogenesis, but it is largely agreed that the rate of adult neurogenesis is much reduced comparing to rodents. The limited adult neurogenesis may partly explain why human brains do not have self-repair capability after injury or disease. A new technology called "<i>in vivo</i> cell conversion" has been invented to convert brain internal glial cells in the injury areas directly into functional new neurons to replenish the lost neurons. Because glial cells are abundant throughout the brain and spinal cord, such engineered glia-to-neuron conversion technology can be applied throughout the central nervous system (CNS) to regenerate new neurons. Thus, compared to cell transplantation or the non-engineered adult neurogenesis, <i>in vivo</i> engineered neuroregeneration technology can provide a large number of functional new neurons <i>in situ</i> to repair damaged brain and spinal cord.
Monoclonal Anti-Idiotype Antibodies Against the Murine B Cell Lymphoma 38C13: Characterization and Use as Probes for the Biology of the Tumor <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> (1985)

To establish a murine model for the monoclonal anti-idiotype immunotherapy of B cell lymphoma, a panel of rat and murine monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies of several different isotypes was generated against the surface immunoglobulin of the murine B cell tumor 38C13 (38C). Xenogeneic antibodies were made from fusions of rat spleen cells immunized with the 38C idiotype. Syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypes were generated from mice immunized with the idiotype conjugated to the protein carrier KLH. Small differences were noted in the ability of the antibodies to cross-block one another, but all appeared to be directed against the same or closely spaced idiotopes on the immunoglobulin molecule. The antibodies selectively precipitated surface Ig from 38C tumor cells and not from normal mouse spleen cells. They were used to selectively stain 38C tumor cells in cell suspensions for FACS analysis or immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections from mice bearing the tumor. As the malignancy progressed, the number of tumor cells found in all tissues examined increased. Thus, the anti-Id antibodies provided a specific probe for tumor cell detection. The antibodies had no detectable effect on cell growth in vitro; however, they did cause the rapid transient loss of the expression of cell surface Ig. This modulation was concentration and time dependent but not 100% complete. Re-expression of the Id occurred by 24 h following removal of the anti-Id antibodies. When these antibodies were used in sensitive radioisotope and enzyme linked immunoassays, the tumor cells were found to secrete small amounts of idiotype in vitro and in vivo. The level of idiotype detected in vivo correlated with tumor growth and inversely with survival. This work is an attempt to develop further an animal model system in which to test the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies.
Effective nonlocal parity-dependent couplings in qubit chains (2022)

For the efficient implementation of quantum algorithms, practical ways to generate many-body entanglement are a basic requirement. Specifically, coupling multiple qubit pairs at once can be advantageous and may provide multiqubit operations useful in the construction of hardware-tailored algorithms. Here we extend the theory of fractional state transfer and harness the simultaneous coupling of qubits on a chain to engineer a set of nonlocal parity-dependent quantum operations suitable for a wide range of applications. The resulting effective long-range couplings directly implement a parametrizable Trotter-step for Jordan-Wigner fermions, and they can be used for simulations of quantum dynamics, efficient state generation in variational quantum eigensolvers, parity measurements for error-correction schemes, and the generation of efficient multiqubit gates. Moreover, we present numerical simulations of the gate operation in a superconducting quantum circuit architecture, which show a high gate fidelity for realistic experimental parameters.
Knowledge extraction changes the way an expert thinks (2003)

The authors show an aspect of knowledge extraction that deserves attention: the process where a human domain expert becomes more cogent, in his or her own mind, about the algorithms, heuristics, and strategies that he or she uses in manipulating this factual knowledge base. The contention is that the knowledge engineer's constructs can be greatly strengthened by utilizing those constructs of the domain expert that may evolve through the knowledge extraction process. In addition, harnessing the domain expert's constructs by fostering such introspective processes early in the knowledge extraction stage will increase the cost effectiveness of the expert system design. The arguments are based on a case study of one particular human expert who has been involved from 1985 to 1992, in the construction of five expert systems, all of which pertain to the same domain and have the same objective to assist in the diagnosis of stuttering among young children.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Body-Area-Network transmission power control using variable adaptive feedback periodicity (2010)

We propose a class of adaptive power control protocol, where the period between each feedback transmission is adaptively varied to accommodate run-time variation in the quality of each channel. Initial analyses suggest that transmission control protocols with adaptive feedback periodicity can outperform other comparable schemes. For certain measured channels the period can increase to once every few minutes (thousands of packets) and still provides substantial power savings. Adaptive power control protocols also provide the potential to reduce intra-cell interference.
CB2 Receptor Ligands (2005)

The CB(1) receptor is found principally in the central nervous system and is responsible for the overt physiological effects of cannabinoids. In contrast, the CB(2) receptor is expressed primarily in the immune system and is responsible for few, if any, obvious behavioral effects. Although many cannabinoid receptor ligands show little, or at best modest, selectivity for either receptor, a number of synthetic compounds are known which have significant selectivity for the CB(2) receptor. These include cannabimimetic indoles, such as 1-propyl-2-methyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-015) and 1-(2,3-dichlorobenzoyl)-2-methyl-3-(2-[1-morpho-lino]ethyl)-5-methoxyindole (L768242), both of which have good affinity for the CB(2) receptor, but weak affinity for the CB(1) receptor. Efforts have been made to develop structure-activity relationships (SAR) at CB(2) for cannabimimetic indoles, but with limited success. Several derivatives of traditional dibenzopyran based cannabinoids have also been found to have significant selectivity for the CB(2) receptor. These include 1-methoxy-Delta(8)-THC derivatives, 1-methoxy-Delta(8)-THC-DMH (L759633), 1-methoxy-Delta(9(11))-THC-DMH (L759656), and 1-methoxy-3-(1',1'-dimethylhexyl)-Delta(8)-THC (JWH-229), plus a number of 1-deoxy-Delta(8)-THC analogues. In particular, 1-deoxy-3-(1',1'-dimethylbutyl)-Delta(8)-THC (JWH-133) shows two hundred-fold selectivity for the CB(2) receptor. Very recently several compounds belonging to other structural groups have also shown selectivity for the CB(2) receptor. This review will describe the current status of the results of these studies and discuss the SAR for these classes of ligands.
Making gene editing a therapeutic reality (2018)

This review discusses current bottlenecks in making CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing a therapeutic reality and it outlines recent strategies that aim to overcome these hurdles as well as the scope of current clinical trials that pioneer the medical translation of CRISPR-Cas9. Additionally, this review outlines the specifics of disease-modifying gene editing in recessive versus dominant genetic diseases with the focus on genetic myopathies that are exemplified by Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophies.
KLRG1+NKG2A+ CD8 T Cells Mediate Protection and Participate in Memory Responses during γ-Herpesvirus Infection (2011)

Functional CD8 T cell effector and memory responses are generated and maintained during murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) persistent infection despite continuous presentation of viral lytic Ags. However, the identity of the CD8 T cell subpopulations that mediate effective recall responses and that can participate in the generation of protective memory to a γ-herpesvirus infection remains unknown. During γHV68 persistence, ∼75% of γHV68-specific CD8 T cells coexpress the NK receptors killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) and NKG2A. In this study, we take advantage of this unique phenotype to analyze the capacity of CD8 T cells expressing or not expressing KLRG1 and NKG2A to mediate effector and memory responses. Our results show that γHV68-specific KLRG1(+)NKG2A(+) CD8 T cells have an effector memory phenotype as well as characteristics of polyfunctional effector cells such us IFN-γ and TNF-α production, killing capacity, and are more efficient at protecting against a γHV68 challenge than their NKG2A(-)KLRG1(-) counterparts. Nevertheless, γHV68-specific NKG2A(+)KLRG1(+) CD8 T cells express IL-7 and IL-15 receptors, can survive long-term without cognate Ag, and subsequently mount a protective response during antigenic recall. These results highlight the plasticity of the immune system to generate protective effector and proliferative memory responses during virus persistence from a pool of KLRG1(+)NKG2A(+) effector memory CD8 T cells.
A systematic bit-wise decomposition of M-ary symbol metric (2006)

In this paper, we present a systematic recursive formula for bit-wise decomposition of M-ary symbol metric. The decomposed bit metrics can be applied to improve the performance of a system where the information sequence is binary-coded and interleaved before M-ary modulated. A traditional receiver designed for certain system is to de-map the received M-ary symbol into its binary isomorphism so as to facilitate the subsequent bit-based manipulation, such as hard-decision decoding. With a bit-wise decomposition of M-ary symbol metric, a soft-decision decoder can be used to achieve a better system performance. The idea behind the systematic formula is to decompose the symbol-based maximum-likelihood (ML) metric by equating a number of specific equations that are drawn from squared-error criterion. It interestingly yields a systematic recursive formula that can be applied to some previous work derived from different standpoint. Simulation results based on IEEE 802.11a/g standard show that at bit-error-rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , the proposed bit-wise decomposed metric can provide 3.0 dB, 3.9 dB and 5.1 dB improvement over the concatenation of binary-demapper, deinterleaver and hard-decision decoder respectively for 16QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM symbols, in which the in-phase and quadrature components in a complex M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -QAM symbol are independently treated as two real M-PAM symbols. Further empirical study on system imperfection implies that the proposed bit-wise decomposed metric also improves the system robustness against gain mismatch and phase imperfection. In the end, a realization structure that avails the recursive nature of the proposed bit-decomposed metric formula is addressed
Iridium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective N‐Allylation of Indoles (2009)

Iridium is blind to C: Highly regio- and enantioselective, iridium-catalyzed N-allylations of indoles, which complement the more common reactivity of indoles as carbon nucleophiles, have been developed (see scheme). These reactions form highly enantioenriched N-allylindoles, which are readily transformed into enantioenriched 3-(1H-indol-1-yl)-N-methyl-3-aryl propan-1-amines, dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles, and indol-1-yl propanoic acids.
Structure and redox properties of bulk and supported manganese oxide catalysts (2001)

The effects of the oxide carrier (γ-Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2), MnOx precursor (KMnO4 , Mn(NO3)2 and Mn(CH3COO)2), loading (2–17 wt.% Mn) and preparation method on the structure and reduction pattern of MnOx-based catalysts have been systematically evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) measurements in the range 273–1073 K. Oxide precursor and preparation method determine both the structure and average oxidation number (A.O.N.) of the MnOx (1.5<x<2) phase in bulk and supported systems. The reducibility scale, based on the inverse sequence of the onset temperature of reduction (To,red),
Magnetic Resolver: A Design-To-Cost Alternative to Conventional Variable Reluctance Resolvers for the Electric Drives Control (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Many synchronous electric motors require a very accurate position sensor compatible with a sinusoidal control. The purpose of such a control is to enable an efficient and smooth operation enhancing the comfort by limiting vibrations. In some cases related to mechanical constraints, we have to deal with through-shaft design. One can quote for examples power drives for Electric or Hybrid Electric Vehicles as well as for Electric Power Steering motor. More generally, these sensors need to keep a simple and robust design and a restricted number of parts as they are submitted to high vibration levels, a wide temperature range and speeds of several krpm.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to meet such requirements, MMT has developed a magnetic sensor principle offering a competitive alternative to the conventional inductive resolver type sensors. The basics of this solution is a through shaft angular position sensor using one or two Hall-effect probes. These Hall IC measure the angle of the magnetic field generated by a ring or a disc magnet. The magnetic field angle is shaped in order to meet very demanding accuracy requirements (+/−1° of electric error). The use of two probes allows enhancing even more the accuracy and provides as well the design with an intrinsic robustness against external magnetic perturbations coming from the motor coils.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper deals with this sensor principle showing that the challenge to meet less than +/−1° of electric error on rotary position sensors with motor mechanical shaft diameters up to 100 mm was taken up.</div></div>
Types of Listeria monocytogenes predicted by the positions of EcoRI cleavage sites relative to ribosomal RNA sequences. (1995)

By using taxonomic characters derived from EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion of genomic DNA and hybridization with a labeled rRNA operon from Escherichia coli, a polymorphic structure of Listeria monocytogenes, characterized by fragments with different frequencies of occurrence, was observed. This structure was expanded by creating predicted patterns through a recursive process of observation, expectation, prediction, and assessment of completeness. This process was applied, in turn, to normalized strain patterns, fragment bands, and positions of EcoRI recognition sites relative to rRNA regions. Analysis of 1346 strains provided observed patterns, fragment sizes, and their frequencies of occurrence in the patterns. Fragment size statistics led to the creation of unobserved combinations of bands, predicted pattern types. The observed fragment bands revealed positions of EcoRI sites relative to rRNA sequences. Each EcoRI site had a frequency of occurrence, and unobserved fragment sizes were postulated on the basis of knowing the restriction site locations. The result of the recursion process applied to the components of the strain data was an extended classification with observed and predicted members.
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in adults <50 years of age (2017)

Considering (i) PCV13 has demonstrated efficacy against VT-IPD and pneumonia in adults aged ≥65 years (with or without underlying chronic conditions), and (ii) immune responses to PCV13 in younger adults are comparable or better than in older adults, PCV13 would likely have similar efficacy in adults aged <50 years. Recommending PCV13 for at-risk adults aged <50 years would provide direct immunologic benefit of a conjugate vaccine and could address an important unmet medical need for pneumococcal pneumonia prevention. Although not directly addressed here, this benefit would likely extend to at-risk adults aged 50-64 years.
A Scalable Architecture for Streaming Neural Information from Implantable Multichannel Neuroprosthetic Devices (2005)

Two hardware architectures for implementing lifting-based discrete wavelet transform (DWT) suitable for implantable, real-time operation of high-density sensor array neuroprosthetic devices. A core computational node (CN) is designed for use in both architectures to yield maximum processor usage. The first uses multiple pipelined replicas of the CN, requiring fewer clock cycles. The second architecture reuses a single CN, thus requires less chip area but longer time delay. By utilizing the difference between the data sampling rate and available computation bandwidth, the novelty of both designs lies in the scalability to an arbitrary number of channels by interleaving the DWT computation without affecting the real-time operability. Performance comparison and overall considerations of both designs are presented in details.
Using formant frequencies in speech recognition (1997)

Formant frequencies have rarely been used as acoustic features for speech recognition, in spite of their phonetic significance. For some speech sounds one or more of the formants may be so badly defined that it is not useful to attempt a frequency measurement. Also, it is often difficult to decide which formant labels to attach to particular spectral peaks. This paper describes a new method of formant analysis which includes techniques to overcome both of the above difficulties. Using the same data and HMM model structure, results are compared between a recognizer using conventional cepstrum features and one using three formant frequencies, combined with fewer cepstrum features to represent general spectral trends. For the same total number of features, results show that including formant features can offer increased accuracy over using cepstrum features only.
<i>Bmal1</i>Is an Essential Regulator for Circadian Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup>Rhythms in Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons (2014)

The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) plays a pivotal role in the mammalian circadian clock system. Bmal1 is a clock gene that drives transcriptional-translational feedback loops (TTFLs) for itself and other genes, and is expressed in nearly all SCN neurons. Despite strong evidence that Bmal1-null mutant mice display arrhythmic behavior under constant darkness, the function of Bmal1 in neuronal activity is unknown. Recently, periodic changes in the levels of intracellular signaling messengers, such as cytosolic Ca(2+) and cAMP, were suggested to regulate TTFLs. However, the opposite aspect of how clock gene TTFLs regulate cytosolic signaling remains unclear. To investigate intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics under Bmal1 perturbations, we cotransfected some SCN neurons with yellow cameleon together with wild-type or dominant-negative Bmal1 using a gene-gun applied for mouse organotypic cultures. Immunofluorescence staining for a tag protein linked to BMAL1 showed nuclear expression of wild-type BMAL1 and its degradation within 1 week after transfection in SCN neurons. However, dominant-negative BMAL1 did not translocate into the nucleus and the cytosolic signals persisted beyond 1 week. Consistently, circadian Ca(2+) rhythms in SCN neurons were inhibited for longer periods by dominant-negative Bmal1 overexpression. Furthermore, SCN neurons transfected with a Bmal1 shRNA lengthened, whereas those overexpressing wild-type Bmal1 shortened, the periods of Ca(2+) rhythms, with a significant reduction in their amplitude. BMAL1 expression was intact in the majority of neighboring neurons in organotypic cultures. Therefore, we conclude that proper intrinsic Bmal1 expression, but not passive signaling via cell-to-cell interactions, is the determinant of circadian Ca(2+) rhythms in SCN neurons.