gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Wide-Area Loss-Index based method for voltage instability protection (2014)

This paper discusses a novel method for protection of a bulk power system against voltage instability. In the discussed approach, a region of interest is defined and the system is protected against voltage collapse using synchronized wide-area power-flow measurements. As will be explained, synchronized measurements of Intelligent Electronic Devices can be used for creation of a Wide-Area Loss-Index which shows proximity of a system to voltage collapse. It will be shown that the required measurements for protection of a system need to be taken from critical points, including bulk generations and loads inside a region of interest, as well as its borders.
Fractile Arrays: A New Class of Tiled Arrays With (2004)

In this paper, a new class of antenna arrays are in- troduced, which we call fractile arrays. A fractile array is defined as any array with a fractal boundary contour that tiles the plane without gaps or overlaps. It will be shown that the unique geo- metrical features of fractiles may be exploited in order to make available a family of deterministic arrays that offer several highly desirable performance advantages over their conventional peri- odic planar array counterparts. Most notably, fractile arrays have no grating lobes even when the minimum spacing between ele- ments is increased to at least one-wavelength. This has led to the development of a new design methodology for modular broadband low-sidelobe arrays that is based on fractal tilings. Several exam- ples of fractile arrays will be considered including Peano-Gosper, terdragon, 6-terdragon, and fudgeflake arrays. Efficient iterative procedures for calculating the radiation patterns of these fractile arrays to arbitrary stage of growth are also introduced in this paper.
Enhanced Pressure Swing Membrane Absorption Process for CO<sub>2</sub> Removal from Shifted Syngas with Dendrimer–Ionic Liquid Mixtures as Absorbent (2014)

Using pure ionic liquid [bmim][DCA] or its dendrimer-containing solutions as absorbents, studies of a novel five-valve pressure swing membrane absorption (PSMAB) process for CO2 removal from lower temperature shifted syngas were carried out with porous hydrophobized polyether ether ketone (PEEK) hollow fiber based membrane modules. At first how the preferred absorption step duration in each cycle was determined was presented. Then we investigated the effects of the following aspects of the membrane module: reducing the tube-side dead volume in the hollow fiber module; decreasing the fiber packing density leading to increased absorbent liquid layer thickness around any fiber; increasing the tube-side gas volume. All three design features in the membrane module greatly enhanced the gas absorption behavior and improved the product qualities. Increasing temperature reduced the product qualities when pure [bmim][DCA] was used. Adding polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer Gen 0 to the ionic liquid greatly improved its CO2 absorption capability especially at higher temperatures. Among all absorbents tested, 20.0 wt % dendrimer in [bmim][DCA] showed the best absorption enhancing effect at 100 °C. For a feed gas pressure of 250 psig, He-rich product having a CO2 concentration around 24.7% (actual value should be around 16.7% based on dead volume influence elimination) and CO2-rich product with CO2 concentration around 85.7% (actual value should be higher) have been achieved. We have also carried out a second stage PSMAB test with a 14.0% CO2 in helium as feed gas, and a He-rich product with CO2 concentration around 8.55% (actual value should be around 5.50%) could be achieved at 100 °C. A new module having a larger tube-side gas volume yielded a CO2-rich stream having 90.7% CO2. The newly developed five-valve PSMAB process shows great application prospects for CO2 removal from precombustion shifted syngas; significant membrane module redesign is, however, needed.
Protecting SDN controller with per-flow buffering inside OpenFlow switches (2017)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a paradigm shift that changes the working principles of IP networks by separating the control logic from routers and switches, and logically centralizing it within a controller. In this architecture the control plane (controller) communicates with the data plane (switches) through a control channel using a standards-compliant protocol, that is, OpenFlow. While having a centralized controller creates an opportunity to monitor and program the entire network, as a side effect, it causes the control plane to become a single point of failure. Denial of service (DoS) attacks or even heavy control traffic conditions can easily become real threats to the proper functioning of the controller, which indirectly detriments the entire network. In this paper, we propose a solution to reduce the control traffic generated primarily during table-miss events. We utilize the buffer_id feature of the OpenFlow protocol, which has been designed to identify individually buffered packets within a switch, reusing it to identify flows buffered as a series of packets during table-miss, which happens when there is no related rule in the switch flow tables that matches the received packet. Thus, we allow the OpenFlow switch to send only the first packet of a flow to the controller for a table-miss while buffering the rest of the packets in the switch memory until the controller responds or time out occurs. The test results show that OpenFlow traffic is significantly reduced when the proposed method is used.
Scalability of Ni FUSI gate processes: phase and Vt control to 30 nm gate lenghts (2005)

We demonstrate for the first time the scalability of NiSi and Ni/sub 3/Si FUSI gate processes down to 30 nm gate lengths, with linewidth independent phase and V/sub t/ control. We show that 1-step FUSI is inadequate for NiSi FUSI gates, because it results in incomplete silicidation at low thermal budgets or in a linewidth dependent Ni silicide phase - inducing V/sub t/ shifts - at higher thermal budgets. We show that V/sub t/ and WF shifts are larger on high-K (HfO/sub 2/ (250 mV) or HfSiON (330mV)) than on SiON (110mV) and report Fermi level unpinning for Ni-rich FUSI on high-K. In contrast, we demonstrate the scalability of Ni/sub 3/Si FUSI, with no phase control issues, and report HfSiON Ni/sub 3/Si FUSI PMOS devices with V/sub t/= -0.33 V. Lastly, we show that, for NiSi, phase control down to narrow gate lengths can be obtained with a 2-step FUSI process.
Point-of-Care Analysis of Blood Ammonia with a Gas-Phase Sensor (2020)

Elevated blood ammonia (hyperammonemia) may cause delirium, brain damage, and even death. Effective treatments exist, but preventing permanent neurological sequelae requires rapid, accurate, and serial measurements of blood ammonia. Standard methods require volumes of 1 to 3 mL, centrifugation to isolate plasma, and a turn-around time of 2 h. Collection, handling, and processing requirements mean that community clinics, particularly those in low resource settings, cannot provide reliable measurements. We describe a method to measure ammonia from small-volume whole blood samples in 2 min. The method alkalizes blood to release gas-phase ammonia for detection by a fuel cell. When an inexpensive first-generation instrument designed for 100 μL of blood was tested on adults and children in a clinical study, the method showed a strong correlation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.97) with an academic clinical laboratory for plasma ammonia concentrations up to 500 μM (16 times higher than the upper limit of normal). A second-generation hand-held instrument designed for 10-20 μL of blood showed a near-perfect correlation (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.99) with healthy donor blood samples containing known amounts of added ammonium chloride up to 1000 μM. Our method can enable rapid and inexpensive measurement of blood ammonia, transforming diagnosis and management of hyperammonemia.
In-situ jitter tolerance measurement technique for Serial I/O (2008)

A 10.2-12.5 Gb/s CDR incorporating an on-die jitter modulation circuit that enables in-situ jitter tolerance testing is demonstrated in 65 nm CMOS. Sinusoidal jitter is introduced into the CDR loop by modulating the control voltage of the LC-VCO and is programmable in amplitude and frequency. The modulation frequency range is 340 kHz-104 MHz with modulation amplitudes up to 44 UIpp. The on-die jitter tolerance measurements correlate to conventional external jitter tolerance results within 10% across a 0.73-23.5 MHz range.
Optoelectronic implementation of filtered-back-projection tomography algorithm (1991)

An optoelectronic structure for implementing the iterative filtered-back projection image reconstruction algorithm is proposed. The forward projection and back projection operations in the iterative procedure are performed via optoelectronic devices, which include spatial light modulators and charge coupled device detector arrays. The optical Fourier transform is applied to speed up the reconstruction and feed-back is used to minimize the distortion caused by optical transforms.
High-strength Linepipes with Excellent HAZ Toughness (2004)

High strength linepipe is being adopted for transporting oil and natural gas in order to improve transportation efficiency through pressure operation and to reduce pipe laying costs. In such strength linepipe, excellent low-temperature toughness in the base material, weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) as well as excellent weldability are required to arrest a running shear fracture and to a prevent brittle fracture, and to improve installation efficiency. Recently, uniform elon- gation and a low yield strength/tensile strength (Y/T) ratio for the linepipe material have been also required to prevent the ductile fracture by plastic deformation to the pipeline in seismic or permafrost regions. To improve the HAZ toughness of linepipe steel, the refinement of microstructure near a weld fusion line is very effective in that it utilizes the strong retardation of austenite grain growth and/or intragranular ferrite (IGF) transformed from oxide particles inside austenite grains and the re- duction of carbon content is also quite effective. To improve uniform elongation and lower the Y/T ratio, utilizing a dual phase microstructure is necessary by applying accelerated cooling after controlled rolling. New strength UOE linepipe up to X80, called Tough-Ace possessing both excellent HAZ toughness and uni- form elongation, has been developed, and the X60 UOE pipe has been mass-pro- duced for the Sakhalin Project. Two types of X100 UOE linepipe, a high HAZ toughness type and a high uniform elongation type also have been developed.
OS1431 Development of Water Jet Peening (3) : Evaluation of Flow Behavior on WJP (2009)

We developed a new method for predicting a range of compressive residual stress on the material surface after water jet peeing (WJP). Cavitating jet is impinged on the material surface in WJP. The bubble collapse impact causes the plastic deformation of the material surface, and changes the residual stress from tensile to compressive. The compressive residual stress prevents the occurrence of the stress corrosion cracking. We numerically simulated impulsive bubble pressure that varied in microseconds in the cavitating jet with `bubble flow model'. The bubble collapse impact was evaluated by the cavitation intensity calculated from the bubble pressure. The cavitation intensity was compared with the measured compressive residual stress after WJP. The range of the cavitation intensity corresponded to that of the compressive residual stress with the prediction error of plus or minus 15 percent in four different conditions of the jet velocity and the distance between the jet nozzle and the material surface.
Microcavity Plasma Arrays Based on Encapsulated Al/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> Electrodes: Device Efficiency and Electrical Characteristics for Display Applications (2007)

A group of robust microcavity plasma devices has been fabricated in Al/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> multilayer structures by drawing upon wet chemical processing to grow thin films of nanostructured Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> directly from the Al substrate. Addressable, large scale arrays of microcavity plasma devices having cavities with a diameter of 100-200 mum are successfully formed by a process suitable for low cost manufacturing. This presentation reports device structure and cell designs of microcavity devices for the microdischarge in the various contents of Ne/Xe gas mixture. 20 times 20 arrays of ~200 mum dia. devices operate stably with a Xe content of 10% (and higher) and the pixel-to-pixel emission intensity is quite uniform over the pressure range of 400-800 Torr. The turn-on voltage at Ne/30% Xe was measured to be ~228V without a coating of MgO and the current value was decreased to the 30% of original current in bulk electrode after patterning aluminum electrode. The detailed electrical properties of the device and novel process for the fabrication of large scale arrays (hundreds of cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) will be presented.
Poly(hydroxy ether sulfonamides). A new class of epoxy‐based thermoplastics (1996)

Base-initiated polymerizations of N,′N-dimethyl-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide or other N,′N-dialkyldisulfonamides with various arylene-diglycidyl ethers afford a broad range of poly(hydroxy ether sulfonamides) (2). Polymers 2, which represent a new family of epoxy-based thermoplastics, are moldable, amorphous materials characterized by moderate Tg (58–127°C) and by good barrier to oxygen, reflected by oxygen transmission rates of 0.45–2.89 cc-mil/100 in2-atm (O2)-day at 234 °C and about 60% relative humidity. In addition to a discussion of how structural changes in the backbones of 2 influence their barrier properties, details of the synthesis, thermal analysis and mechanical evaluation of the polymers are described. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3D Cell Nuclear Morphology: Microscopy Imaging Dataset and Voxel-Based Morphometry Classification Results (2018)

Cell deformation is regulated by complex underlying biological mechanisms associated with spatial and temporal morphological changes in the nucleus that are related to cell differentiation, development, proliferation, and disease. Thus, quantitative analysis of changes in size and shape of nuclear structures in 3D microscopic images is important not only for investigating nuclear organization, but also for detecting and treating pathological conditions such as cancer. While many efforts have been made to develop cell and nuclear shape characteristics in 2D or pseudo-3D, several studies have suggested that 3D morphometric measures provide better results for nuclear shape description and discrimination. A few methods have been proposed to classify cell and nuclear morphological phenotypes in 3D, however, there is a lack of publicly available 3D data for the evaluation and comparison of such algorithms. This limitation becomes of great importance when the ability to evaluate different approaches on benchmark data is needed for better dissemination of the current state of the art methods for bioimage analysis. To address this problem, we present a dataset containing two different cell collections, including original 3D microscopic images of cell nuclei and nucleoli. In addition, we perform a baseline evaluation of a number of popular classification algorithms using 2D and 3D voxel-based morphometric measures. To account for batch effects, while enabling calculations of AU-ROC and AUPR performance metrics, we propose a specific cross-validation scheme that we compare with commonly used k-fold cross-validation. Original and derived imaging data are made publicly available on the project webpage: http://www.socr.umich.edu/projects/3d-cell-morphometry/data.html.
In-ear microphone speech quality enhancement via adaptive filtering and artificial bandwidth extension (2017)

Bone and tissue conducted speech has been used in noisy environments to provide a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio signal. However, the limited bandwidth of bone and tissue conducted speech degrades the quality of the speech signal. Moreover in very noisy conditions, bandwidth extension of the bone and tissue conducted speech becomes problematic. In this paper, speech generated from bone and tissue conduction captured using an in-ear microphone is enhanced using adaptive filtering and a non-linear bandwidth extension method. Objective and subjective tests are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques. Both evaluations show a statistically significant quality enhancement of the noisy in-ear microphone speech with ρ<0.0001 after denoising and ρ<0.01 after bandwidth extension.
Antimicrobial Coating of Devices for Prevention of Infection: Principles and Protection (2007)

Device-associated infections are responsible for about half of nosocomial infections and can cause major medical and economical sequelae. Despite adherence to basic infection control measures, which constitute the mainstay for preventing infection, infections associated with certain devices continue to exist at unacceptably high rates. Potentially-preventive, antimicrobial-utilizing strategies include systemic antibiotic prophylaxis and local administration of antimicrobial agents (antibiotics or antiseptics), which includes antimicrobial irrigation of the surgical field, placement of antimicrobial carriers, antiseptic cleansing of the skin, dipping of surgical implants in antimicrobial solutions, and inserting antimicrobial-coated implants. Since bacterial colonization of the indwelling device is a prelude to infection, prevention of device colonization may lead to a lower rate of clinical infection. Different approaches for antimicrobial coating of devices have been variably successful in preventing device-associated infections. Optimal characteristics of antimicrobial coating can help predict the likelihood and degree of clinical protection against infection. This review addresses the impact of device-related infection, antimicrobial-utilizing approaches for preventing infection, clinical protection afforded by different types of antimicrobial coating, characteristics that predict the ability of antimicrobial coating of devices to prevent clinical infection, and future directions of antimicrobial coating.
Gene-expression signature of benign monoclonal gammopathy evident in multiple myeloma is linked to good prognosis (2006)

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) can progress to multiple myeloma (MM). Although these diseases share many of the same genetic features, it is still unclear whether global gene-expression profiling might identify prior genomic signatures that distinguish them. Through significance analysis of microarrays, 52 genes involved in important pathways related to cancer were differentially expressed in the plasma cells of healthy subjects (normal plasma-cell [NPC]; n=22) and patients with stringently defined MGUS/smoldering MM (n=24) and symptomatic MM (n=351) (P<.001). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of 351 patients with MM, 44 with MGUS (24+20), and 16 with MM from MGUS created 2 major cluster branches, one containing 82% of the MGUS patients and the other containing 28% of the MM patients, termed MGUS-like MM (MGUS-L MM). Using the same clustering approach on an independent cohort of 214 patients with MM, 27% were found to be MGUS-L. This molecular signature, despite its association with a lower incidence of complete remission (P=.006), was associated with low-risk clinical and molecular features and superior survival (P<.01). The MGUS-L signature was also seen in plasma cells from 15 of 20 patients surviving more than 10 years after autotransplantation. These data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of plasma-cell dyscrasias.
Bacteriorhodopsin and its genetic variants as media for dynamic holographic information processing (1991)

The authors demonstrated that holographic films produced from the bacteriorhodopsin-variant BR/sub D96N/ have advantageous properties compared to BR/sub WT/ films. The films have been successfully tested in a number of holographic applications. Examples from polarisation sensitive Fourier holography, real-time time-averaging interferometry and pattern recognition are presented.
<i>Aedes aegypti</i> transducing densovirus pathogenesis and expression in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> larvae (2001)

Aedes aegypti densovirus (AeDNV) is a small DNA virus that has been developed into an expression and transducing vector for mosquitoes [Afanasiev et al. (1994) Exp Parasitol 79: 322-339; Afanasiev et al. (1999) Virology 257: 62-72; Carlson et al. (2000) Insect Transgenesis: Methods and Applications (Handler, A.M. & James, A.A., eds), pp. 139-159. CRC Press, Boca Raton]. Virions carrying a recombinant genome expressing the GFP gene were used to characterize the pathogenesis of the virus in 255 individual Aedes aegypti larvae. The anal papillae of the larvae were the primary site of infection confirming previous observations (Afanasiev etal., 1999; Allen-Muira et al. (1999) Virology 257: 54-61). GFP expression was observed in most cases to spread from the anal papillae to cells of the fat body, and subsequently to many other tissues including muscle fibers and nerves. Infected anal papillae were also observed to shrink, or melanize and subsequently fall off in a virus dependent manner. Three to four day-old larvae were less susceptible to viral infection and, if infected, were more likely to survive into adulthood, with 14% of them still expressing GFP as adults. Higher salt concentrations of 0.10-0.15 M inhibited viral infection. Anopheles gambiae larvae also showed infection of the anal papillae (17%) but subsequent viral dissemination did not occur. The persistence of the reporter gene expression into adulthood of Aedes aegypti indicates that transduction of mosquito larvae with recombinant AeDNV may be a means of introducing a gene of interest into a mosquito population for transient expression.