gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium-dependent annexin V binding to phospholipids: Stoichiometry, specificity, and the role of negative charge (1993)

Annexin V is a Ca(2+)-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein that may have one or more membrane-related functions. The binding of annexin V to phospholipids in a detergent micelle matrix was studied to attempt to determine directly the stoichiometry of specific phospholipid-binding sites and the importance of negative charge. When annexin V binds to phospholipids, a large increase (severalfold) of the emission intensity of tryptophan 187 is observed. This intensity change was used to monitor the binding to phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylserine (PS) at varying ratios with the detergent, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E8). No binding to PC alone in these micelles could be observed, while approximately 10 PS molecules per micelle were required to observe binding. However, inclusion of negatively charged amphiphiles in the micelles, such as oleic acid or dodecyl sulfate, allowed the observation of binding to PC and decreased the number of phospholipids per micelle necessary for binding to both PS and PC. By including increasing proportions of dodecyl sulfate in the C12E8 micelles, a minimum average number of PS or PC per micelle of approximately 3-4 was required for complete binding. Labeling with photoreactive phospholipids under similar conditions led to an average of approximately 4-5 phospholipids covalently bound per annexin V monomer. Since annexin V has four similar domains, it is reasonable to suggest that one phospholipid binding site is associated with each domain, although as few as three functional domains may be sufficient for binding. Efficient binding required certain structural features of the phospholipid, including a phosphate group, an sn-2 acyl chain, and at least a few carbons on the sn-2 chain. Phospholipid headgroups were almost irrelevant, except for important surface charge effects on the interfacial ionic double layer. A negative surface charge on the micellar aggregate nonspecifically increases the Ca2+ concentration near the micelle surface and may also directly enhance the affinity of annexin V for phospholipids, as shown by the decreased two-dimensional phospholipid concentration necessary for binding. The ability to bind to zwitterionic phospholipids in the presence of a nonspecific negative surface charge may be relevant to the extracellular functions of this protein. Relatively weak individual phospholipid-binding sites that easily exchange were observed, suggesting rapid exchange of phospholipids between the sites on membrane-bound annexin V. These data suggest a working hypothesis that includes approximately four binding sites specific for phospholipid phosphate groups and sn-2 acyl chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TH-D-304A-02: Quantifying Magnetic Moments and Susceptibilities of Small Spherical Objects in MRI (2009)

Purpose: To quantify magnetic moment and susceptibility of any small object to monitor the progression of neurodegenerate diseases and measure the amount of nanoparticles in vivo in MRI. Methods and Materials: We have been developing the CISSCO(Complex Image Summation around a Spherical or Cylindrical Object) method in the past [1,2]. This method involves summing up complex signals from voxels within a defined circle or sphere, whose center coincides with the center of the object. The effective magnetic moment of a spherical object can be numerically solved from complex signals within three concentric spheres [2]. The phantom study is presented here. Two different diameter sizes of glass beads, 3mm and 5mm, were imbedded in the gel. The gel phantom was scanned by a 1.5T MRI system with a 3D multi-echo gradient echo sequence and a spin echo sequence. The gradient echo sequence was used to determine the effective magnetic moment. The volume measurements of glass beads were analyzed from the spin echo sequence. To confirm the accuracy of the measurements from the CISSCO method, the magnetic moments of glass beads were also measured by SQUID(Superconducting Quantum Interference Device). The magnetic susceptibilities of glass beads were properly calculated and compared between SQUID and MRI. Results: The measured magnetic moments and their uncertainties at different echo times agree with each other. The uncertainties of volume measurements from the spin echo sequence are less than 5% of the actual volumes of glass beads. In addition, the calculated magnetic susceptibilities from MRI agree well with those from SQUID. Conclusions: Our phantom study demonstrates the feasibility of the CISSCO method that can be used to accurately quantify the magnetic moment and susceptibility of a small object such as microbleeds or implanted nanoparticles. Ref:[1]Cheng et. al, MRI, 2007, pp.1171–1180.[2]Hsieh et.al, Med. Phys., 2008, p. 2906.
THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE/WASTE HEAT RECOVERY APPLICATIONS IN THE CEMENT INDUSTRY (1979)

The cement industry is the most energy-intensive industry in the United States in terms of energy cost as a percentage of the product according to a 1973 report by the Cost of Living Council. Martin Marietta Aerospace, Denver Division, and the Portland Cement Association have studied the potential benefits of using waste heat recovery methods and thermal energy storage systems in the cement manufacturing process. This work was performed under DOE Contract No. EC-77-C-01-50S4. The study has been completed and illustrates very attractive cost benefits realized from waste heat recovery/thermal storage systems. This paper will identify and quantify the sources of rejected energy in the cement manufacturing process, establish uses of this energy, exhibit various energy storage concepts, and present a methodology for selection of most promising energy storage systems. Two storage systems show the best promise - rock beds and draw salt storage. Thermal performance and detailed economic analyses have been performed on these systems and will be presented. Through use of thermal energy storage in conjunction with waste heat electric power generation units, an estimated 2.4 x 1013 BTU per year, or an equivalent of 4.0 x 10 barrels of oil per year, can be conserved. Attractive rates of return on investment of the proposed systems are an incentive for utilization and further development.
Optimization of Search Information on cloud (2014)

Cloud Computing, another buzzword for internet based computing, is used to deliver services on the internet by sharing computing resources. Amongst a large number of services web service is the most important one. To get access to the vast amount of information, we use search engine. It is often the case where users are starved for the correct information, and observed effectiveness is quite low. Our proposed work explains a method to improve effectiveness of Internet information by constructing a cloud of search engines. The method uses query processing and result optimization returned by multiple search engines. A combination of different term-weighting schemes is used to improve rank updation process which in turn improves information retrieval. The search results are submitted to an optimizer where they are re-ranked by updating the existing pagerank values. These optimized search results are returned to the user..
Design, Control and Validation of a PV System Based on Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Viewer in Smartgrids (2019)

The performance and output of PV cells depends upon different factors: irradiance, shaded modules, shadow, temperature, inverter capability, wind speed, wind direction and the number of PV installed are one of them. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is required to control various effects caused by one of the aforementioned factors. Researchers have employed many MPPT techniques. However, these techniques showed some limitations such as slow response and inability to be remotely controlled. This has been observed during the higher number of PV grid connected inverters installed in some regions of Rwanda where the power generated via peak conditions sometimes exceeds the transmission capacity limits. In this case, the classical MPPT cannot respond efficiently. With the aim to alleviate these issues, the paper uses perturb and observe MPPT with SCADA viewer software so that inverter can operate with its design limits. This involves the de-rating and control of inverter capability curve. The derating and control of an inverter capability curve are one of strategies to mitigate the above-mentioned problem in order to stabilize voltage and restricts harmonic current injection to utility grid. This paper shows a designed model that was simulated in Matlab with MPPT which is perturb and observe (P&O) and experimentally validated. In addition to Rwanda utility grid, the experimental set up used a SCADA viewer and communication tools to acquire data concerning the PV system. This allowed to perform the following tasks: automatic data acquisition, notification of voltage variation and display active and reactive power being sent or being consumed, grid fault detection, islanded mode detection and remotely shut down the system as long as Wide Local Area Network (WLAN) is present. The experimental results showed that any design of grid connected inverter having any type of MPPT technique must have a capability curve to figure out the operating zones of the inverter in different circumstances and specified the tolerance range of crucial parameters with its validation through SCADA viewer software.
Malware Detection and Removal: An examination of personal anti-virus software (2008)

SoHo users are increasingly faced with the dilemma of applying appropriate security mechanisms to their computer with little or no knowledge of which countermeasure will deal with which potential threat. As problematic as it may seem for individuals to apply appropriate safeguards, individuals with malicious intent are advancing methods by which malicious software may operate undetected on a target host. Previous research has identified that there are numerous ways in which malware may go undetected on a target workstation. This paper examines the quality of malware removal programs currently available on the market, which consumers may use whilst utilising the Internet. The research suggests that current anti-virus products, whilst able to detect most recently released malware, still fall short of eliminating the malware and returning the system to its original state. The paper does not compare or disclose potential flaws within each product; rather it depicts the current state of anti-virus products.
Subfertility and defective folliculogenesis in female mice lacking androgen receptor (2004)

The roles of the androgen receptor (AR) in female fertility and ovarian function remain largely unknown. Here we report on the generation of female mice lacking AR (AR(-/-)) and the resulting influences on the reproductive system. Female AR(-/-) mice appear normal but show longer estrous cycles and reduced fertility. The ovaries from sexually mature AR(-/-) females exhibited a marked reduction in the number of corpora lutea. After superovulation treatment, the AR(-/-) ovaries produced fewer oocytes and also showed fewer corpora lutea. During the periovulatory period, an intensive granulosa apoptosis event occurs in the AR(-/-) preovulatory follicles, concurrent with the down-regulation of p21 and progesterone receptor expression. Furthermore, the defective conformation of the cumulus cell-oocyte complex from the AR(-/-) females implies a lower fertilization capability of the AR(-/-) oocytes. In addition to insufficient progesterone production, the diminished endometrial growth in uteri in response to exogenous gonadotropins indicates that AR(-/-) females exhibit a luteal phase defect. Taken together, these data provide in vivo evidence showing that AR plays an important role in female reproduction.
Improvements to an electromagnetic near-field sensor for simultaneous electric and magnetic field measurement (1993)

A sensor for simultaneous electric and magnetic field measurement has been described by M. Kanda (see ibid., vol.EMC-26, no.3, p.102-10, 1984). It relies upon measuring the voltage across precisely matched loads at opposite sides of a loop antenna. A modification to the theory is presented to account for unmatched loading of the loop. Measured results of wave impedance over a 10-400-MHz range demonstrate the accuracy of the modified theory as well as highlighting a novel calibration technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Pertussis-Toxoid Vaccine (1995)

A pharmacologically inert, acellular pertussis-toxoid vaccine that is easily standardized is safe and confers substantial protection against pertussis.
Development of a high voltage, high PRF PFN Marx generator (2002)

A PFN Marx generator which has been designed for repetitive operation is described. The device is nominally capable of generating an output voltage of 1 MV into a matched load at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of several hundred Hz. The output voltage pulse is rectangular in profile with a duration of 450 ns and a risetime of 40 ns. There are twenty stages in the generator, with each stage comprising 50 m of HVDC 50 /spl Omega/ co-axial transmission line. This results in an overall output impedance of 1 k/spl Omega/ and a stored energy of 500 J at a charging voltage of 100 kV. The generator is operated in repetitive mode using a resonant charging inductor/diode, an in-line triggered charge transfer switch and an intermediate capacitor store.
Multi-source dataset for urban computing in a Smart City (2018)

It is vital to capture and analyze, from various sources in smart cities, the data that are beneficial in urban planning and decision making for governments and individuals. Urban policy makers can find a suitable solution for urban development by using the opportunities and capacities of big data, and by combining different heterogeneous data resources in smart cities. This paper presents data related to urban computing with an aim of assessing the knowledge that can be obtained through integration of multiple independent data sources in Smart Cities. The data contains multiple sources in the city of Aarhus, Denmark from August 1, 2014 to September 30, 2014. The sources include land use, waterways, water barriers, buildings, roads, amenities, POI, weather, traffic, pollution, and parking lot data. The published data in this paper is an extended version of the City Pulse project data to which additional data sources collected from online sources have been added.
Single-Bit, Self-Powered Digital Counter Using a Wiegand Sensor for Rotary Applications (2020)

This work explores energy harvesting from rotary motion using a Wiegand sensor, which is a magnetic sensor that induces a voltage pulse when the magnetization is reversed. The main feature of the Wiegand sensor is that a pulse is generated regardless of how slowly magnetism reversal occurs. Self-sustained sensors play major roles in advancing the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this study, we identified a linear relationship between rotational motion, magnetic field reversal, and the rotational frequency generated by the Wiegand sensor. In addition, the maximum energy per pulse and its dependence were derived analytically. A maximum energy of 130 nJ per pulse was reported for the sensor used. We developed a single-bit, self-powered digital counter that was sufficiently driven with 38 nJ of energy. In this study, single rotations were measured without the need for external power.
Polyserase-I, a human polyprotease with the ability to generate independent serine protease domains from a single translation product (2003)

We have identified and cloned a human liver cDNA encoding an unusual mosaic polyprotein, called polyserase-I (polyserine protease-I). This protein exhibits a complex domain organization including a type II transmembrane motif, a low-density lipoprotein receptor A module, and three tandem serine protease domains. This unusual modular architecture is also present in the sequences predicted for mouse and rat polyserase-I. Human polyserase-I gene maps to 19p13, and its last exon overlaps with that corresponding to the 3' UTR of the gene encoding translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane 13. Northern blot analysis showed the presence of a major polyserase-I transcript of 5.4 kb in human fetal and adult tissues and in tumor cell lines. Analysis of processing mechanisms of polyserase-I revealed that it is synthesized as a membrane-associated polyprotein that is further processed to generate three independent serine protease units. Two of these domains are proteolytically active against synthetic peptides commonly used for assaying serine proteases. These proteolytic activities of the polyserase-I units are blocked by serine protease inhibitors. We show an example of generation of separate serine protease domains from a single translation product in human tissues and illustrate an additional mechanism for expanding the complexity of the human degradome, the entire protease complement of human cells and tissues.
A Body Model Server for Human Motion Capture and Representation (1996)

This paper presents a body model server (BMS) that provides real-time access to the position and posture of a person's torso, arms, hands, head, and eyes. It can be accessed by clients over a network. The BMS is designed to function as a device-independent data-layer between the sensing devices and client applications that require real-time human motion data, such as animation control. It can provide clients with accurate information at up to 40 Hz. For data collection, the model uses four magnetic position/orientation sensors, two data-gloves, and an eye-tracker. The BMS combines the data-streams from the sensors and transforms them into snapshots of the user's upper-body pose. A geometric model made up of joints and segments structures the input. Posture of the body is represented by joint angles. Two unique characteristics of our approach are the use of the implicit, geometric constraints of the sensed body to simplify the computation of the unmeasured joint angles, and the use of time-stamped data that allow synchronization with other data streams, e.g., speech input. This paper describes the architecture of the BMS, including the management of multiple input devices, the representation and computation of the position and joint angle data, and the client-server interface.
Design and Synthesis of an Fmoc-SPPS-Compatible Amino Acid Building Block Mimicking the Transition State of Phosphohistidine Phosphatase (2012)

The synthesis of a sulfonamide-based transition-state (TS) analogue of enzymatic phosphohistidine dephosphorylation as an amino acid building block is presented, together with the proof-of-concept of its incorporation into peptides. Key features include final global acidolytic protective group removal as well as full compatibility with standard Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The peptides are designed as inhibitors of phosphohistidine phosphatase and as a pull-down probe for identification of phosphohistidine phosphatases, respectively.
On adaptive robustness approach to Anti-Jam signal processing (2013)

An effective approach to exploiting statistical differences between desired and jamming signals named adaptive robustness is proposed and analyzed in this paper. It combines conventional Bayesian, adaptive, and robust approaches that are complementary to each other. This combining strengthens the advantages and mitigates the drawbacks of the conventional approaches. Adaptive robustness is equally applicable to both jammers and their victim systems. The capabilities required for realization of adaptive robustness in jammers and victim systems are determined. The employment of a specific nonlinear robust algorithm for anti-jam (AJ) processing is described and analyzed. Its effectiveness in practical situations has been proven analytically and confirmed by simulation. Since adaptive robustness can be used by both sides in electronic warfare, it is more advantageous for the fastest and most intelligent side. Many results obtained and discussed in this paper are also applicable to commercial applications such as communications in unregulated or poorly regulated frequency ranges and systems with cognitive capabilities.
The <i>in vitro</i> effects of a bimodal contrast agent on cellular functions and relaxometry (2006)

The in vivo monitoring of cell survival and migration will be essential to the translation of cell-based therapies from the laboratory to clinical studies. The pre-labeling of cells with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents renders them visible in vivo for serial cellular imaging. However, little is known about the impact of the presence of these metal particles inside transplanted cells. The use of the bimodal contrast agent GRID made it possible to demonstrate by means of fluorescent microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) that, after 16 h of incubation (without the use of a transfection agent), neural stem cells (NSCs) were saturated and no longer incorporated particles. With this maximal uptake, no significant effect on cell viability was observed. However, a significant decrease in proliferation was evident in cells that underwent 24 h of labeling. A significant increase in reactive oxygen species was observed for all GRID labeling, with a very significant increase with 24 h of labeling. GRID labeling did not affect cell motility in comparison with PKH26-labeled NSCs in a glioma-based migration assay and also allowed differentiation into all major cell types of the brain. GRID-labeled cells induced a signal change of 47% on T(2) measurements and allows a detection of cell clusters of approximately 220 cells/microl. Further in vivo testing will be required to ensure that cell labeling with gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents does not impair their ability to repair.
Electrochemical properties of stoichiometric CuS coated on carbon fiber paper and Cu foil current collectors as cathode material for lithium batteries (2017)

Reaction mechanisms of stoichiometric CuS and its improved properties were demonstrated by using a CFP interlayer to trap Li<sub>2</sub>S<sub>x</sub>.
Functional characterization of a high-gain BJT radiation detector (2005)

n-p-n bipolar phototransistors have been designed and fabricated on high-resistivity silicon substrates. A technology featuring a double implant for the emitter allowed us to obtain a typical current gain of about 600. The device has been tested with /spl alpha/ particles from a /sup 239/Pu source, /spl beta/ particles from /sup 90/Sr, and X-rays from /sup 241/Am using a simple experimental setup, where the detector is directly connected to the oscilloscope. In the case of electrons, pulse heights of 100 mV have been observed, with pulse length of 50 /spl mu/s, measured on a load resistor in series to the emitter. The parameters driving the time performance have been measured, obtaining a good agreement with the electrical model of the device. We report on the functional characterization of the device, in particular the time response, the energy calibration, and the electronic noise measurement.