gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Holographic Optical Elements as Conically Scanned Lidar Telescopes (1991)

Recent developments in holographic optical elements (HOE) using volume phase holograms enables the development of a new class of light weight telescopes with specific advantages for lidar remote sensing instruments. One such device, a staring mode receiver has been fabricated for a laser range finder. 1 In particular, a large aperture, narrow field of view telescope used in a conical scanning configuration can be constructed with a much smaller rotating mass compared to conventional designs which require a large flat scanning mirror or scanning the entire telescope assembly including the primary mirror, secondary, baffling, and the detector package or beam steering optics. Being a diffractive optic an HOE has spectral dispersion which can be utilized to advantage in a lidar system in which only one or more particular laser wavelengths are being observed. The spectral bandpass of the HOE can be made as narrow as 10 nm, replacing an optical filter in many applications. Other, unwanted wavelengths pass through the HOE undiffracted to be absorbed by a black backing. Thus, an HOE can be used to replace three separate components in a lidar telescope: the scanning mirror, the focusing mirror, and a narrowband interference filter. We also describe a method with which a multiplexed HOE can also be used simultaneously as a dichroic beamsplitter.
Crystallography and Phase Transitions in the Ta-Ru and Nb-Ru Shape Memory Alloys (1997)

Abstract A new class of shape memory alloys, based on near-equiatomic compositions of Ta-Ru and Nb-Ru, was recently discovered at the Naval Research Laboratory. These alloys exhibit transformation temperatures ranging up to 1400 °C for Ta-Ru and 1100 °C for Nb-Ru, making them the highest transition temperature shape memory alloys yet discovered. Other shape memory alloys typically have transition temperatures within a couple hundred degrees of room temperature. These two alloy systems are quite similar in their transformation behavior. Near the equiatomic composition, the high temperature β phase of both systems has a B2-ordered cubic crystal structure. During cooling, the cubic lattice of β undergoes a slight tetragonal distortion to form the β' phase. Continued cooling of the tetragonal β'(within specific composition ranges) causes a transformation to β'', which is reported to have an orthorhombic crystal structure. The effect of alloy composition on the temperatures, hysteresis, and strains of these transformations was determined by dilatometry.
Synthesis and estrogenic properties of 17-epi-ethynylestradiol and its ether derivatives epimestranol and epiquinestrol (1979)

The synthesis of 17-epi-ethynylestradiol (10), the 17 beta-ethynyl-17 alpha-ol epimer of the well-known orally active estrogen, ethynylestradiol (1), was achieved by LiA1H4 reduction of epoxide 9, as well as by demethylating epimestranol (11) with CH3MgI. Compound 11 was obtained by the unusual 17 beta-ethynylation of estrone 3-methyl ether 22 under equilibrating conditions. The in vitro estrogen receptor-binding affinity and the oral estrogenicity in the rat for the 17-epi compounds 10, 11 and 20 (epiquinestrol) was evaluated. Despite moderate estrogen receptor-binding affinity, compound 10 was devoid of measurable estrogenicity at 10 mg/kg or antiestrogenicity at 3 mg/kg.
Dual channel microcantilever heaters for selective detection and quantification of a generic mixture of volatile organic compounds (2016)

In this work, two types of III-V nitride heterojunction based dual channel microcantilevers are demonstrated to perform selective detection of various organic vapors in a dilute mixture. The detection scheme relies on self-heating or passive heating of the unfunctionalized cantilever channels and the analytes can be identified by correlating the sensor response with the latent heat of evaporation of the analytes. When both types of cantilevers are used together, the devices can not only identify each constituent of a VOC mixture, but also determine the concentration of each of them.
Efficient Data Prediction, Reconstruction and Estimation in Indoor IoT Networks (2018)

In an indoor Internet of Things (IoT) Network such as warehouse, factory and stadium, etc., a large number of IoT devices such as sensors, actuators, robots and drones, etc., continuously capture raw data over a regular interval of time. The captured raw data is then wirelessly transmitted to the gateways, which can be considered as the storing gadgets. These devices can gather, aggregate and analyze sensor data before transmitting to the Cloud. Continuous transmission of similar type of data by the IoT devices can lead to data redundancy, excessive channel utilization and bandwidth usage, etc. To overcome these problems, we develop a Compressive Sensing based Data Prediction (CS-DP) model which predicts data at the gateways by learning the data pattern received from IoT devices. Since there is a possibility of data loss while in transmission from the IoT devices to the gateways and at the gateways due to buffer overflow and other reasons, we propose a Compressive Sensing based Data Reconstruction (CS-DR) mechanism instead of retransmitting the data by the IoT devices. In addition to these, we also propose a Compressive Sensing based Data Estimation (CS-DE) technique which can bring down the volume of the data to be communicated to the cloud and improve the channel and space utilization of the system. All the above Compressive Sensing techniques are deployed at the gateways instead of the IoT devices or the cloud. This improves the system performance in terms of delay, communication and computation complexity and makes the system realizable in practice. Based on real data-set provided by an indoor test-bed, we conduct extensive MATLAB simulations to compare the performance of our proposed schemes with respect to the state of the art.
Mutual Inductance between Intentional Inductors: Closed Form Expressions (2006)

We present closed form analytical expressions for the mutual inductance between intentional inductors. The formalism is applicable for border to border separations that are longer than 0(1/10) of the inductor radius. The results are exact in leading order multi-pole expansion for the magnetic field generated by a superposition of current loops, acting on an external device. The derived expressions are simple analytical formulae. We present examples for the closed form expressions for a number of configurations used by RF designers including non Manhattan devices. The computational complexity of the result is linear with the number of segments. Detailed comparisons against standard methods are included, the CPU gains are two orders of magnitude. The formulae are useful for quick estimation of magnetic noise parameters during RF circuit layout synthesis
Trans catalysis in Tn <i>5</i> transposition (2000)

Synaptic complexes in prokaryotic transposons occur when transposase monomers bind to each of two specific end-binding sequences and then associate to bring the proteins and the two ends of the transposon together. It is within this complex of proteins and DNA that identical catalytic reactions are carried out by transposase on each of the ends of the transposon. In this study, we perform in vitro transposition reactions by combining the methylated inside end (IE(ME)) biased hyperactive Tn5 transposase, Tnp sC7 version 2.0, and the outside end (OE) biased hyperactive Tn5 transposase, Tnp EK/LP, with plasmid DNA containing a transposon defined by one IE(ME) and one OE. These two proteins cooperate to facilitate double end cleavage of the transposon from the plasmid and conversion into transposition products via strand transfer. When one of the hyperactive Tnps is replaced with a catalytically inactive version containing the mutation EA326 (DDE mutant), the predominant reaction product is a linearized plasmid resulting from single end cleavage. Restriction analysis of these linear products reveals that cleavage is occurring on the end distal to that which is bound by the transposase with an intact active site or in trans. Similar in vitro experiments performed with precut transposons and a supercoiled target plasmid demonstrated that the strand transfer reaction is also facilitated by a trans active DDE motif.
Torque-position transformer for task control of position controlled robots (2008)

Joint position control is a dominant paradigm in industrial robots. While it has been successful in various industrial tasks, joint position control is severely limited in performing advanced robotic tasks, especially in unstructured dynamic environments. This paper presents the concept of torque-to-position transformer designed to allow the implementation of joint torque control techniques on joint position-controlled robots. Robot torque control is essentially accomplished by converting desired joint torques into instantaneous increments of joint position inputs. For each joint, the transformer is based on the knowledge of the joint position servo controller and the closed-loop frequency response of that joint. This transformer can be implemented as a software unit and applied to any conventional position-controlled robot so that torque command to the robot becomes available. This approach has been experimentally implemented on the Honda ASIMO robot arm. The paper presents the results of this implementation which demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Peer-to-Peer utility maximization (2008)

In this paper, we study the problem of utility maximization in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems, in which aggregate utilities are maximized by running distributed algorithms on P2P nodes that are constrained by their uplink capacities. This may be understood as extending the seminal flow control framework in [1] and [2] from single-path unicast over general topology to multi-path multicast over P2P topology, with network coding allowed. For single-rate multicast over certain popular P2P topologies, we show that routing along a linear number of trees per source can achieve the largest rate region that can be possibly obtained by (inter-session) network coding. This simplification result allows us to develop a new multi-tree routing formulation for the problem. Despite of the negative results in literature on convergence of Primal-dual algorithms under multi-path settings, we have been able to develop a delay-based Primal-dual algorithm to solve our multi-tree based utility maximization problem. We characterize the convergence behavior of the Primal-dual algorithm, and utilize our proposed sufficient condition to show its global convergence to the optimal solution under different P2P communication scenarios we study. We also discuss how to extend our solution for single-rate multicast to multi-rate multicast.
A Video Transmission System Based on Human Visual Model for Satellite Channel (1999)

This paper presents a practical architecture for joint source-channel coding of human visual model based video transmission over satellite channel. Perceptual distortion model just-noticeable-distortion (JND) is applied to improve the subjective quality of compressed videos. 3-D wavelet decomposition can remove spatial and temporal redundancy and provide scalability of video quality. In order to conceal the errors occurred under bad channel conditions, a novel slicing method and a joint source channel coding scenario that combines RCPC with CRC and utilizes the distortion information to allocate convolutional coding rates are proposed. A new performance index based on JND is proposed and used to evaluate the overall performance at different signal to noise ratios (SNR). Our system uses OQPSK modulation scheme.
Technical challenges in generalizing calibration techniques for breast density measurements (2018)

These correction techniques are valid approaches for addressing technical problems with calibration that relies on reference phantoms. The efficacy of the calibration methodology will require validation with clinical endpoints in future studies.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Promotes Mature Dendritic Cell Transition from Differentiating Monocyte (2001)

Proinflammatory oxidized phospholipids are generated during oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The production of these proinflammatory oxidized phospholipids is controlled by secreted enzymes that circulate as proteins complexed with LDL and high-density lipoprotein. During the acute phase response to tissue injury, profound changes occur in lipoprotein enzymatic composition that alter their anti-inflammatory function. Monocytes may encounter oxidized phospholipids in vivo during their differentiation to macrophages or dendritic cells (DC). In this study we show that the presence of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) at the first day of monocyte differentiation to DC in vitro yielded phenotypically atypical cells with some functional characteristics of mature DC. Addition of oxLDL during the late stage of monocyte differentiation gave rise directly to phenotypically mature DC with reduced uptake capacity, secreting IL-12 but not IL-10, and supporting both syngeneic and allogeneic T cell stimulation. In contrast to known mediators of DC activation, oxLDL did not trigger maturation of immature DC. An intriguing possibility is that a burst of oxidized phospholipids is an endogenous activation signal for the immune system, which is tightly controlled by lipoproteins during the acute phase response.
Gene Expression in the Urinary Bladder (2004)

The presence of carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesions in the urinary bladder is associated with a high risk of disease progression to a muscle invasive stage. In this study, we used microarray expression profiling to examine the gene expression patterns in superficial transitional cell carcinoma (sTCC) with surrounding CIS (13 patients), without surrounding CIS lesions (15 patients), and in muscle invasive carcinomas (mTCC; 13 patients). Hierarchical cluster analysis separated the sTCC samples according to the presence or absence of CIS in the surrounding urothelium. We identified a few gene clusters that contained genes with similar expression levels in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with surrounding CIS and invasive TCC. However, no close relationship between TCC with adjacent CIS and invasive TCC was observed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Expression profiling of a series of biopsies from normal urothelium and urothelium with CIS lesions from the same urinary bladder revealed that the gene expression found in sTCC with surrounding CIS is found also in CIS biopsies as well as in histologically normal samples adjacent to the CIS lesions. Furthermore, we also identified similar gene expression changes in mTCC samples. We used a supervised learning approach to build a 16-gene molecular CIS classifier. The classifier was able to classify sTCC samples according to the presence or absence of surrounding CIS with a high accuracy. This study demonstrates that a CIS gene expression signature is present not only in CIS biopsies but also in sTCC, mTCC, and, remarkably, in histologically normal urothelium from bladders with CIS. Identification of this expression signature could provide guidance for the selection of therapy and follow-up regimen in patients with early stage bladder cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Organic Fluorine Compounds. Part 50. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Zoc‐Fluorovitamin D3. (1986)

Abstract Das fluoranaloge Vitamin D3 (IX) wird auf dem skizzierten Weg ausgehend vom 6ß‐Acetoxycholestan‐3‐on (I) hergestellt und seine biologische Wirkung auf den Calciumstoffwechsel untersucht.
Studies of the mirrortron ion accelerator concept and its application to heavy-ion drivers (1992)

The Mirrortronaccelerator is a plasma-based ion accelerator concept that, when implemented, should permit both higher acceleration gradients and higher peak-current capabilities than conventional induction-type accelerators.Control over the acceleration and focussing of an accelerated beam should approach that achieved in vacuum-field-based ion accelerators.In the Mirrortron a low density (10 10 to 1011 cm-3 ) "hot electron" plasma is confined by a long solenoidal magnetic field capped by "mirrors".Acceleration of pre-bunched ions is accomplished by activating a series of fast-pulsed mirror coils spaced along the acceleration tube.The hot electrons, being repelled by mirror action, leave the plasma ions behind to create a localized region of high electrical gradient (up to the order of 100 MVjm).At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, an experiment and analyses to elucidate the concept and its scaling laws as applied to heavy-ion drivers are underway and will be described.
Synthesis and characterization of thallium–salen derivatives for use as underground fluid flow tracers (2018)

A pair of thallium salen derivatives was synthesized and characterized for potential use as monitors (or taggants) or as models for Group 13 complexes for subterranean fluid flows. These precursors were isolated from the reaction of thallium ethoxide with N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-ethylenediamine (H<sub>2</sub>-salo-Bu<sup>t</sup>), or N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine (H<sub>2</sub>-saloPh-Bu<sup>t</sup>). The products were identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction as: [((μ-O)<sub>2</sub>,κ<sup>1</sup>-(N)(N')salo-Bu<sup>t</sup>)Tl<sub>2</sub>] (1) and {[((μ-O)<sub>2</sub>saloPh-Bu<sup>t</sup>)Tl<sub>2</sub>][((μ-O)<sub>2</sub>,κ<sup>1</sup>-(N)(N')saloPh-Bu<sup>t</sup>)Tl<sub>2</sub>]} (2). Both structures are similar, wherein each O atom of the salo moiety bridges the two Tl atoms, leading to a TlTl interaction, which is further stabilized by an intramolecular π-bond with neighboring phenyl rings. For 1, an additional TlN interaction was solved for each metal center; whereas, for 2, one of the two molecules in the matrix has a weak TlN interaction but no bonding noted in the other molecule. Both Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and variable temperature solution <sup>205</sup>Tl NMR studies of 1 and 2 further confirmed the TlTl interaction. The UV-vis absorbance spectra of these compounds had an absorbance peak at 392 nm for 1 and a broad absorbance peak centered at 469 nm for 2, which were found to be in good agreement with the DFT calculated spectra that were dominated by the singlet state. Fluorescence emission and excitation studies reveal absorptions at 360 and 380 nm for 1 and 2, respectively, which are attributed to the TlTl metal centers. To demonstrate practicality, fluorescence spectra of 1 and 2 were obtained using a handheld 405 nm cw laser pointer and portable spectrometer where compound 1 was found to glow 15 times brighter than compound 2. Only compound 1 was found to survive the simulated deep-well conditions explored, which was attributed to the TlN interaction noted for 1 but not for 2.
Extreme Light Management in Mesoporous Wood Cellulose Paper for Optoelectronics (2015)

Wood fibers possess natural unique hierarchical and mesoporous structures that enable a variety of new applications beyond their traditional use. We dramatically modulate the propagation of light through random network of wood fibers. A highly transparent and clear paper with transmittance >90% and haze <1.0% applicable for high-definition displays is achieved. By altering the morphology of the same wood fibers that form the paper, highly transparent and hazy paper targeted for other applications such as solar cell and antiglare coating with transmittance >90% and haze >90% is also achieved. A thorough investigation of the relation between the mesoporous structure and the optical properties in transparent paper was conducted, including full-spectrum optical simulations. We demonstrate commercially competitive multitouch touch screen with clear paper as a replacement for plastic substrates, which shows excellent process compatibility and comparable device performance for commercial applications. Transparent cellulose paper with tunable optical properties is an emerging photonic material that will realize a range of much improved flexible electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics.
Experimental realization of quantum oblivious transfer (2008)

We present an experimental demonstration of an unconditionally secure, cheat-sensitive oblivious transfer protocol relying on entanglement-free quantum communication. Our experiment is based on a down-conversion-based heralded photon source, commercial fiber components, and silicon single-photon detectors.
Conformally coating vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays using thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (2012)

Conformally coating vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (v-CNT) with metals or oxides can be difficult because standard line-of-sight deposition methods, such as dc sputter coating and electron-beam evaporation, are hindered by the low mean-free-path within the vertically aligned array. In this work, we present a facile method to conformally coat dense arrays of v-CNTs using thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl at 205 °C and 30 mTorr. The resulting coatings were found to be uniform from top-to-bottom across an entire 1 × 1 cm2 array of v-CNTs. The thickness of the deposited coating was found to be 2–3 nm/cycle and the resulting film thickness were found to be 13 ± 3 nm after five cycles and 55 ± 5 nm after 20 cycles. This process demonstrates that metal organic chemical vapor deposition can be used to fabricate conformal coatings on v-CNTs.
A mammalian adaptor protein with conserved Src homology 2 and phosphotyrosine-binding domains is related to Shc and is specifically expressed in the brain. (1996)

The Shc adaptor protein, hereafter referred to as ShcA, possesses two distinct phosphotyrosine-recognition modules, a C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain and an N-terminal phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and is itself phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to many extracellular signals. Phosphorylation of human ShcA at Tyr-317 within its central (CH1) region induces binding to the Grb2 SH2 domain and is thereby implicated in activation of the Ras pathway. Two shc-related genes (shcB and shcC) have been identified in the mouse. shcB is closely related to human SCK, while shcC has not yet been found in other organisms. The ShcC protein is predicted to have a C-terminal SH2 domain, a CH1 region with a putative Grb2-binding site, and an N-terminal PTB domain. The ShcC and ShcB SH2 domains bind phosphotyrosine-containing peptides and receptors with a specificity related to, but distinct from, that of the ShcA SH2 domain. The ShcC PTB domain specifically associates in vitro with the autophosphorylated receptors for nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor. These results indicate that ShcC has functional SH2 and PTB; domains. In contrast to shcA, which is widely expressed, shcC RNA and proteins are predominantly expressed in the adult brain. These results suggest that ShcC may mediate signaling from tyrosine kinases in the nervous system, such as receptors for neurotrophins.
Engineerable femtosecond pulse shaping using SHG with aperiodic QPM structures (1998)

Summary form only given. Manipulation of the temporal shape of ultrashort optical pulses is important for many applications. Conventional pulse-shaping techniques filter optical frequency components spatially dispersed with a grating apparatus. Here we demonstrate an alternative approach, which uses second-harmonic generation (SHG) with aperiodic quasi-phase-matching (QPM) structures. This technique allows generation of almost arbitrary second-harmonic waveforms using compact monolithic devices.
AlInAsSb separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (2016)

We report AlxIn1−xAsySb1−y separate absorption, charge, and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (APDs) that operate in the short-wavelength infrared spectrum. They exhibit excess noise factor less or equal to that of Si and the low dark currents typical of III-V compound APDs.