gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency‐Domain Fourier‐Transform Terahertz Spectroscopy of the Single‐Molecule Magnet (NEt<sub>4</sub>)[Mn<sub>2</sub>(5‐Brsalen)<sub>2</sub>(MeOH)<sub>2</sub>Cr(CN)<sub>6</sub>] (2011)

We have investigated the novel single-molecule magnet (NEt(4))[Mn(2)(5-Brsalen)(2)(MeOH)(2)Cr(CN)(6)] (1; 5-Brsalen = N,N'-ethylenebis(5-bromosalicylidene)iminato anion) using spectroscopic as well as magnetization and susceptibility measurements. Frequency-domain Fourier-transform terahertz electron paramagnetic resonance (FDFT THz-EPR) based on the generation of THz radiation from a synchrotron in combination with inelastic neutron scattering (INS) allows for the discrimination between intermultiplet and intramultiplet transitions. Together with ac/dc magnetic susceptibility measurements the obtained set of data provides a complete characterization of the lowest energetic magnetic excitations. We find that the new compound 1 exhibits much weaker intermolecular interactions than found in the closely related compound: K[Mn(2)(5-Brsalen)(2)(H(2)O)(2)Cr(CN)(6)] (2). Furthermore, two phonon lines in the vicinity of the magnetic excitations are detected.
Author reply (1997)

I am pleased to offer the following comments regarding the report of Bertelli et al. on their clinical study of hyaluronidase and taxane extravasation. Bertelli et al. describe putative beneficial effects of the use of subcutaneous hyaluronidase as a treatment for extravasations of the taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel in cancer patients.1 This group has previously provided clinical support for the use of the preading factor enzyme in treating extravasations of Vinca alkaloids.2 Their new findings with patients who experienced inadvertent extravasation of paclitaxel and docetaxel suggest that hyaluronidase may be useful in this setting. Obviously, the small number of patients treated and the different exposure risks in terms of the dose and concentration of two different extravasated taxane solutions precluded an unequivocal conclusion about efficacy, as Bertelli et al. state. However, because controlled studies in this area are notoriously difficult, these findings have clinical importance and are clearly compatible with the findings of our prior animal trial.3 From the few cases of serious soft tissue damage reported to date, taxane extravasations appear to require the delivery of relatively large amounts of fluid and/or the exposure of subcutaneous tissues to highly concentrated solutions for local ulceration to occur. This is based on the demonstration in a large clinical data base that most extravasations of dilute paclitaxel solutions do not cause serious soft tissue damage when no local treatment is given.4-6 Similar findings have been established with the more potent anthracycline-based vesicant, doxorubicin.7 Thus, the taxanes comprise a class of "weak" vesicants, with local toxicity dependent on the subcutaneous delivery of relatively large amounts of the drugs. In this regard, the taxanes differ significantly from both the anthracyclines and the Vinca alkaloids, which each can cause extravasation necrosis after the leakage of small amounts of subcutaneous solution. The choice of hyaluronidase for treating taxane extravasations does make pharmacologic sense in that it should promote the local dilution of extravasated solution and thereby lessen the risk of subsequent serious necrosis. The safety of such low doses of hyaluronidase is also clear; this agent has been used at much higher dose levels systemically8 and is known to be extremely well tolerated locally when used as an antidote for Vinca alkaloid extravasations.2 Thus, there is very little to argue against using 150-250 units of hyaluronidase to treat taxane extravasations when there is reason to believe a serious extravasation has occurred. The current clinical findings of Bertelli et al., although limited by the small number of patients, suggest that hyaluronidase, without topical heating or cooling (which did not work in the mouse model), should be considered as a clinical treatment for large, inadvertent extravasations of the taxanes. Robert T. Dorr Ph.D. R.Ph.
TernGrad: Ternary Gradients to Reduce Communication in Distributed Deep Learning (2017)

High network communication cost for synchronizing gradients and parameters is the well-known bottleneck of distributed training. In this work, we propose TernGrad that uses ternary gradients to accelerate distributed deep learning in data parallelism. Our approach requires only three numerical levels {-1,0,1}, which can aggressively reduce the communication time. We mathematically prove the convergence of TernGrad under the assumption of a bound on gradients. Guided by the bound, we propose layer-wise ternarizing and gradient clipping to improve its convergence. Our experiments show that applying TernGrad on AlexNet does not incur any accuracy loss and can even improve accuracy. The accuracy loss of GoogLeNet induced by TernGrad is less than 2% on average. Finally, a performance model is proposed to study the scalability of TernGrad. Experiments show significant speed gains for various deep neural networks. Our source code is available.
Vision-Based Relative Pose Estimation for Autonomous Rendezvous And Docking (2006)

Autonomous rendezvous and docking is necessary for planned space programs such as DARPA ASTRO, NASA MSR, ISS assembly and servicing, and other rendezvous and proximity operations. Estimation of the relative pose between the host platform and a resident space object is a critical ability. We present a model-based pose refinement algorithm, part of a suite of algorithms for vision-based relative pose estimation and tracking. Algorithms were tested in high-fidelity simulation and stereo-vision hardware test bed environments. Testing indicated that in most cases, the model-based pose refinement algorithm can handle initial attitude errors up to about 20 degrees, range errors exceeding 10% of range, and transverse errors up to about 2% of range. Preliminary point tests with real camera sequences of a 1/24 scale Magellan satellite model using a simple fixed-gain tracking filter showed potential tracking performance with mean errors of < 3 degrees and < 2% of range.
A Highly Efficient, Preorganized Macrobicyclic Receptor for Halides Based on CH··· and NH···Anion Interactions (2004)

The preorganized, macrobicyclic azaphane (1) exhibits remarkable strong, selective fluoride binding comparable to the most effective bis(tren) cryptands despite binding anions via only three NH groups coupled with three CH hydrogen bond donors. The lower intrinsic affinity of CH donors is compensated by the high degree of preorganization exhibited by azacyclophane 1. Compound 1 is prepared via a tripod-tripod cyclization reaction between 1,3,5-tris-bromomethyl-benzene and an aliphatic tripodal hexatosylated polyamine, followed by the reduction of the resulting bicyclic tosylamine. The crystal structures of the bicyclic tosylamine 2 and four macrobicyclic polyammonium halide salts of 1 are reported. X-ray studies revealed the formation of inclusive 1:1 complexes of 1 with fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide. Potentiometric titrations showed very high binding constants for fluoride and chloride with a F(-)/Cl(-) selectivity of more than five logarithmic units. The final geometry of the anion cryptates is largely determined by optimization of NH and CH...anion interactions coupled with unfavorable anion-pi repulsion for the larger anions.
A PLAN-BASED INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT THAT SUPPORTS THE SOFTWARE-DEVELOPMENT PROCESS (1989)

97-106
Low‐complexity selected mapping scheme using cyclic‐shifted inverse fast Fourier transform for peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems (2013)

In this study, a new peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is proposed based on the selected mapping (SLM) scheme. The proposed SLM scheme generates alternative OFDM signal sequences by cyclically shifting the connections in each subblock at an intermediate stage of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). Compared with the conventional SLM scheme, the proposed SLM scheme achieves similar PAPR reduction performance with much lower computational complexity and no bit error rate degradation. The performance of the proposed SLM scheme is analysed mathematically and verified through numerical analysis. Also, it is shown that the proposed SLM scheme has the lowest computational complexity among the existing low‐complexity SLM schemes exploiting the signals at an intermediate stage of IFFT.
Optimizing imaging parameters for the separation of multiple labels in a fluorescence image (2003)

A theoretical analysis is presented on how to separate the contributions from individual, simultaneously present fluorophores in a spectrally resolved image. Equations are derived that allow the calculation of the signal-to-noise ratio of the estimates for such contributions, given the spectral information on the individual fluorophores, the excitation wavelengths and intensities, and the number and widths of the spectral detection channels. We then ask how such imaging parameters have to be chosen for optimal fluorophore separation. We optimize the signal-to-noise ratio or optimize a newly defined 'figure of merit', which is a measure of efficiency in the use of emitted photons. The influence of photobleaching on the resolution and on the choice of imaging parameters is discussed, as well as the additional resolution gained by including fluorescence lifetime information. A surprisingly small number of spectral channels are required for an almost optimal resolution, if the borders of these channels are optimally selected. The detailed consideration of photobleaching is found to be essential, whenever there is significant bleaching. Consideration of fluorescence lifetime information (in addition to spectral information) improves results, particularly when lifetimes differ by more than a factor of two.
Moderating effects of three coping strategies and self-esteem on perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms: A minority stress model for Asian international students. (2008)

This study examined 3 coping strategies (reflective, suppressive, and reactive), along with self-esteem, as moderators of the relation between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. International students (N = 354) from China, India, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong provided data via an online survey. The role of perceived general stress was statistically controlled. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated a significant direct effect of perceived discrimination, a significant 2-way interaction of perceived discrimination and suppressive coping, and a significant 3-way interaction of perceived discrimination, reactive coping, and self-esteem in predicting depressive symptoms. An increased tendency to use suppressive coping appeared to strengthen the association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. In contrast, the association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms was not significant when reactive coping was infrequently used, but only for students with relatively high self-esteem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
Association of extracellular matrix proteins fibulin‐1 and fibulin‐2 with fibronectin in bone marrow stroma (2000)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, together with growth factors and stromal cells, regulate haematopoietic cell development in bone marrow (BM). We report here expression of ECM proteins fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 in mouse BM. In other tissues, fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 associate with fibronectin and other ECM proteins. Fibulin-2 has also been found to adhere to cells via beta3 integrins. We studied the association of fibulins with fibronectin in BM stroma. By confocal microscopy, fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 immunostainings were co-localized with fibronectin in the adherent layer of long-term BM cultures. In cell adhesion assays using recombinant proteins, mouse fibulin-2 adhered to human erythroid-megakaryocytic leukaemia cell line HEL. This adhesion was mediated by beta3 integrins. However, HEL cells did not adhere to human fibulin-2. We therefore studied a possible species-specific cell-adhesive activity of mouse fibulin-2 by using mouse megakaryocytes, obtained by culture of BM cells in the presence of thrombopoietin. These megakaryocytes did not adhere to mouse fibulin-2. Our findings suggested that the functional role of fibulin-1 and fibulin-2 in BM stroma is related to binding to the major cell adhesion protein fibronectin, whereas adhesion of mouse fibulin-2 to human cells containing the integrin beta3 chain is not related to an apparent physiological function of the protein.
Plasma damage‐free SiO<sub>2</sub> deposition for low‐temperature poly‐Si AMLCDs (2001)

Abstract— High‐quality SiO 2 films have been fabricated at a substrate temperature of 300°C by utilizing a novel deposition method refered to as radical‐shower CVD (RS‐CVD), in which the substrates and material gases are completely separated from the plasma. On this account, SiO 2 deposition is achievable without plasma damage and excessive decomposition of the material gases. The electrical characteristics of RS‐CVD SiO 2 films are comparable to those of thermal SiO 2 . Furthermore, the compact parallel‐plate structure of RS‐CVD is suitable for large‐area deposition.
The Pathology of Orthopedic Implant Failure Is Mediated by Innate Immune System Cytokines (2014)

All of the over 1 million total joint replacements implanted in the US each year are expected to eventually fail after 15-25 years of use, due to slow progressive subtle inflammation at the bone implant interface. This inflammatory disease state is caused by implant debris acting, primarily, on innate immune cells, that is, macrophages. This slow progressive pathological bone loss or "aseptic loosening" is a potentially life-threatening condition due to the serious complications in older people (>75 yrs) of total joint replacement revision surgery. In some people implant debris (particles and ions from metals) can influence the adaptive immune system as well, giving rise to the concept of metal sensitivity. However, a consensus of studies agrees that the dominant form of this response is due to innate reactivity by macrophages to implant debris where both danger (DAMP) and pathogen (PAMP) signalling elicit cytokine-based inflammatory responses. This paper discusses implant debris induced release of the cytokines and chemokines due to activation of the innate (and the adaptive) immune system and the subsequent formation of osteolysis. Different mechanisms of implant-debris reactivity related to the innate immune system are detailed, for example, danger signalling (e.g., IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, etc.), toll-like receptor activation (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, etc.), apoptosis (e.g., caspases 3-9), bone catabolism (e.g., TRAP5b), and hypoxia responses (Hif1-α). Cytokine-based clinical and basic science studies are in progress to provide diagnosis and therapeutic intervention strategies.
Progress of high-resolution photon scanning tunneling microscopy due to a nanometric fiber probe (1995)

The present status of a photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) and its application are reviewed. In order to realize a nanometric apertured fiber probe, a highly reproducible chemical etching process was developed to realize a sharpened fiber with the cone angle and tip diameter as small as 14/spl deg/ and 3 nm, respectively. The possibility of tailoring the shapes of the sharpened fibers was presented. Chemical etching and nanometric photolithography were developed to fabricate a metallic aperture with a diameter of 30 nm (or even smaller) on the sharpened fiber tip. Imaging experiments with biological specimens were carried out by operating the PSTM in the collection mode and illumination mode geometries. Dependencies of these images on the polarization state of the incident light were found, and a resolution of 10 nm or even smaller was achieved. Nondestructive inspection of dielectric optical waveguides with subwavelength resolution was proposed by presenting the diagnosed results of a proton-exchanged LiTaO/sub 3/ waveguide. Possibilities of diagnosing nanometric active photonic devices were also demonstrated through imaging experiments of semiconductor quantum dots. Experiments on fluorescence detection from dye-doped nanometric polystyrene spheres confirmed the enhanced efficiency of coupling of the fluorescence to the fiber tip, and this was attributed to the spatially inhomogeneous spontaneous emission due to the short-range electromagnetic interaction between the sphere and probe tip. To demonstrate the possibilities of nanometric fabrication, high density optical storage, especially the photon-mode storage, was demonstrated to realize a stored circular pit of 100 nm diameter on an organic thin film. As an ultimate goal of fabrication to explore the future technology of atomic-level material processing, an atom guide using a hollow fiber and atom trapping by the illumination mode PSTM were proposed to control the thermal motion of freely dying atoms in vacuum. The concept of a virtual photon based on an intuitive modeling of the localized evanescent light was introduced to provide a semiclassical theory of the PSTM. Transfer functions of the PSTM were calculated by using this model, which agreed qualitatively with the experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Updating software and configuration data in a distributed communications network (2003)

The author presents a method for the organization and controlled distribution of software and configuration data throughout a communications network. Central to the discussion are two concepts: download, which can be thought of as a mechanism by which network software and data are obtained and installed in a network component, and data reconciliation, which can be thought of as the process by which the consistency of all downloaded information within a network component is assured. A network component can use data reconciliation to determine what data is needed for operation and when that data has changed, thus requiring update. The download process can then be used to obtain the needed data. The methodology is illustrated by its implementation in an advanced, commercially available packet switching network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FPGA implementation of a Single Pass Connected Components Algorithm (2008)

The classic connected components labelling algorithm requires two passes through an image. This paper presents an algorithm that allows the connected components to be analysed in a single pass by gathering data on the regions as they are built. This avoids the need for buffering the image, making it ideally suited for processing streamed images on an FPGA or other embedded system with limited memory. An FPGA-based implementation is described, emphasising the modifications made to the algorithm to enable it to satisfy timing constraints.
Immunogenicity of inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine in adult and pediatric liver transplant recipients over two seasons (2013)

Immunological responses to influenza vaccination administered to liver transplantation recipients are not fully elucidated. To compare inactivated influenza vaccine's immunogenicity between adult and pediatric recipients, 16 adult and 15 pediatric living donor liver transplantation recipients in the 2010-11 influenza season, and 53 adult and 21 pediatric recipients in the 2011-12 season, were investigated. Seroprotection rates (hemagglutinin-inhibition [HI] antibody titer 1:40) were 50-94% to all three antigens among adults and 27-80% among children in both seasons. Seroconversion rates (fourfold or more HI antibody rise) were 32-56% among adults and 13-67% among children in both seasons. No significant differences were observed between the two groups. In addition, 20/53 adult and 13/21 pediatric recipients received a vaccine containing identical antigens in both of these seasons. Geometric mean titer fold increases of all three antigens in adult recipients were significantly lower than those in recipients who had not received a preceding vaccination. In contrast, in pediatric recipients, there were no significant differences between the groups who had and had not received preceding vaccinations. The number of patients with rejection did not differ significantly between the two groups (0/53 vs. 1/21) in the 2011-12 season. The incidence of influenza after vaccination was significantly different between adult and pediatric recipients (0/16 vs. 5/15 in 2010-11 and 0/53 vs. 3/21 in 2011-12, respectively). Overall, there were no significant differences in antibody responses between adult and pediatric groups. Influenza infection was more frequent in pediatric recipients. Long-term response to preceding vaccinations appeared to be insufficient in both groups.
Pulmonary Metastases: Effect of CT Section Thickness on Measurement—Initial Experience (2005)

Volumetric tumor measurements change with a reduction in section thickness from 7.5 to 5.0 and 3.75 mm. For unidimensional measurement, no change was found when thickness decreased from 7.5 to 5.0 mm.
CaSR-mediated interactions between calcium and magnesium homeostasis in mice (2013)

Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) homeostasis are interrelated and share common regulatory hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D. However, the role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in Mg homeostasis in vivo is not well understood. We sought to investigate the interactions between Mg and Ca homeostasis using genetic mouse models with targeted inactivation of PTH (PTH KO) or both PTH and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) (double knockout, DKO). Serum Mg is lower in PTH KO and DKO mice than in WT mice on standard chow, whereas supplemental dietary Ca leads to equivalent Mg levels for all three genotypes. Mg loading increases serum Mg in all genotypes; however, the increase in serum Mg is most pronounced in the DKO mice. Serum Ca is increased with Mg loading in the PTH KO and DKO mice but not in the WT mice. Here, too, the hypercalcemia is much greater in the DKO mice. Serum and especially urinary phosphate are reduced during Mg loading, which is likely due to intestinal chelation of phosphate by Mg. Mg loading decreases serum PTH in WT mice and increases serum calcitonin in both WT and PTH KO mice but not DKO mice. Furthermore, Mg loading elevates serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in all genotypes, with greater effects in PTH KO and DKO mice, possibly due to reduced levels of serum phosphorus and FGF23. These hormonal responses to Mg loading and the CaSR's role in regulating renal function may help to explain changes in serum Mg and Ca found during Mg loading.