gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Realization of Thermally Stimulated Delayed Phosphorescence in Arylgold(III) Complexes and Efficient Gold(III) Based Blue-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2018)

To address and overcome the difficulties associated with the increased reactivity and susceptibility of blue emitters to deactivation pathways arising from the high-lying triplet excited states, we have successfully demonstrated an innovative strategy of harvesting triplet emission via the "thermally stimulated delayed phosphorescence" mechanism, where thermal up-conversion of excitons from the lower-energy triplet excited states (T<sub>1</sub>) to higher-energy triplet excited states (T<sub>1</sub>') are observed to generate blue emission. The lower-lying T<sub>1</sub> excited state could serve as a mediator to populate the emissive T<sub>1</sub>' state by up-conversion via reverse internal conversion, which could enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield by over 20-folds. Organic light-emitting devices with respectable external quantum efficiencies of up to 7.7% and sky-blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.17, 0.37) have been realized. The operational stability for the device based on complex 1 has also been explored, and the device is found to show fairly respectable lifetime. This work opens up a new avenue to the design and synthesis of blue phosphorescent emitters.
High-Power CO2 Laser Welding Characteristics of Hot Steel Samples. (2001)

The present paper describes experimental results of the high power laser welding characteristics of hot steelsamples. Using laser induced plasma as a secondary heat source, the penetration depth of 1000°C steelsamples improve about 30% compared to that of room temperature samples. The maximum depth is 38mmat lm/min welding velocity using 40 kW power. A beam weaving method is adopted to enlarge bead width without degrading fusion efficiency. It is also effective for suppressing bead depth deviation.
Formal Security Verification of Third Party Intellectual Property Cores for Information Leakage (2016)

Globalization of the system-on-chip (SoC) design flow has created opportunities for rogue intellectual property (IP) vendors to insert malicious circuits (a.k.a. hardware Trojans) into their IPs. We propose to formally verify third party IPs (3PIPs) for unauthorized information leakage. We validate our technique using Trojan benchmarks from the Trust-Hub.
MTI Processing and Weibull-Distributed Ground Clutter (1982)

It is shown that the Weibull-distributed ground clutter obeys a Weibull distribution after processing by the double canceler moving target indicator (MTI).
Compact, high-field symmetric and asymmetric MRI magnet designs (2000)

There has been considerable interest in attempting to reduce the size of clinical MRI magnet systems in an effort to reduce patient claustrophobia and siting costs and to increase physician access. Similarly, the improvements possible using high field systems are attractive. Combining these two attributes is desirable, but raises a number of technical issues. In this work we investigate two design methods for high field magnets. The first uses stochastic optimization (1,2) and the second a new hybrid numerical technique based on the initial calculation of multi-layer current densities (3). 2 (ml Results
A Novel Reproductive Peptide, Phoenixin (2012)

Normal anterior pituitary function is essential for fertility. Release from the gland of the reproductive hormones luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone is regulated primarily by hypothalamically-derived gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), although other releasing factors (RF) have been postulated to exist. Using a bioinformatic approach, we have identified a novel peptide, phoenixin, that regulates pituitary gonadotrophin secretion by modulating the expression of the GnRH receptor, an action with physiologically relevant consequences. Compromise of phoenixin in vivo using small interfering RNA resulted in the delayed appearance of oestrus and a reduction in GnRH receptor expression in the pituitary. Phoenixin may represent a new class of hypothalamically-derived pituitary priming factors that sensitise the pituitary to the action of other RFs, rather than directly stimulating the fusion of secretary vesicles to pituitary membranes.
An efficient greedy-based autonomous resource block assignment scheme for 5G cellular networks with self-organizing relaying terminals (2014)

In future cellular networks, self-organizing relaying terminals (RTs) are expected to play a crucial role in assisting the communication between base stations and wireless terminals (WTs), which include, not only active user terminals, but also machine-type communication devices. In the absence of channel quality indicators, the effective utilization of RTs requires a mechanism by which these RTs can assign available resource blocks (RBs) to a potentially large number of WTs with minimal conflicts. This requires optimizing RB assignments over a large set of lengthy sequences, which is computationally prohibitive for networks with large numbers of RTs. To alleviate the difficulty in designing such sequences, we develop a greedy algorithm, whereby pairs of RB assignment sequences are selected in an efficient sequential manner. The performance of the sequences generated by this algorithm is comparable to that of the sequences generated by exhaustive search, but with a significantly less computational cost.
Molecular identification of latent precancers in histologically normal endometrium. (2001)

Discovery of somatically mutated cells in human tissues has been less frequent than would be predicted by in vitro mutational rates. We analyzed the PTEN tumor suppressor gene as an early marker for endometrial carcinogenesis, and we show that 43% of histologically normal premenopausal endometria contain rare glands that fail to express PTEN protein because of mutation and/or deletion. These persist between menstrual cycles. Histopathology of PTEN-null glands is initially unremarkable, but with progression, they form distinctive high-density clusters. These data are consistent with a progression model in which initial mutation is not rate limiting.
Development and Testing of a Foam-Gel Technology to Improve Conformance of the Rangely CO2 Flood (1999)

Summary Thirty-six thousand four hundred barrels of CO2 gelled foam were successfully placed via an injector well into the Rangely Weber Sand Unit in Colorado. The treatment objectives were (1) to improve volumetric conformance in this CO2 flood by reducing excessive CO2 breakthrough through fractures, and (2) to increase oil recovery from the associated producers. Local reservoir characteristics indicate the need for a large-volume treatment to achieve these goals. The required treatment volume is beyond the economic limits of standard gel systems. Foam gel technology is one way to economically achieve in-depth conformance improvement at Rangely by replacing 60 to 80% of the liquid phase by the less expensive CO2 phase. A gelled foam system was specifically designed for application to Rangely conformance problems. The field-tested surfactant/gel system was designed according to the following criteria: (1) to produce strong and robust gelled foams under the harsh pH conditions of a CO2 flood, (2) to provide enough gelation delay to achieve the injection of a large foam volume with manageable injectivity reduction, and (3) to considerably reduce the unit cost of the treatment fluid relative to standard non-foamed gel systems. This paper describes the methodology used to design and test the optimum gelled foam system for Rangely. Laboratory results are presented to support the chemicals system selection, including gelation kinetics experiments, surfactant selection, and corefloods with supercritical CO2 at field conditions. The candidate well selection process is described, including injection profile surveys, offset well response, and bypassed reserves calculation. Data taken during the injection phase of the program, including injectivity history and on-site quality control monitoring of the chemical system behavior, are given. Finally a preliminary assessment of the impact of the treatment on CO2 cycling rates and incremental oil production is presented.
Intravascular ultrasound image segmentation: a three-dimensional fast-marching method based on gray level distributions (2006)

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a catheter based medical imaging technique particularly useful for studying atherosclerotic disease. It produces cross-sectional images of blood vessels that provide quantitative assessment of the vascular wall, information about the nature of atherosclerotic lesions as well as plaque shape and size. Automatic processing of large IVUS data sets represents an important challenge due to ultrasound speckle, catheter artifacts or calcification shadows. A new three-dimensional (3-D) IVUS segmentation model, that is based on the fast-marching method and uses gray level probability density functions (PDFs) of the vessel wall structures, was developed. The gray level distribution of the whole IVUS pullback was modeled with a mixture of Rayleigh PDFs. With multiple interface fast-marching segmentation, the lumen, intima plus plaque structure, and media layers of the vessel wall were computed simultaneously. The PDF-based fast-marching was applied to 9 in vivo IVUS pullbacks of superficial femoral arteries and to a simulated IVUS pullback. Accurate results were obtained on simulated data with average point to point distances between detected vessel wall borders and ground truth <0.072 mm. On in vivo IVUS, a good overall performance was obtained with average distance between segmentation results and manually traced contours <0.16 mm. Moreover, the worst point to point variation between detected and manually traced contours stayed low with Hausdorff distances <0.40 mm, indicating a good performance in regions lacking information or containing artifacts. In conclusion, segmentation results demonstrated the potential of gray level PDF and fast-marching methods in 3-D IVUS image processing.
Airway Bacterial Concentrations and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2007)

Change in bacterial load is unlikely to be an important mechanism for exacerbations. Better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, rather than enumerating bacteria in respiratory samples, is required to provide new insights into bacterial infection in COPD.
Dynamics of Nontypical Apoptotic Morphological Changes Visualized by Green Fluorescent Protein in Living Cells with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Infection (1999)

Morphologically, apoptotic cells are characterized by highly condensed membrane blebbing and formation of apoptotic bodies. Recently, we reported that apoptosis precedes necrosis in a fish cell line infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). In the present study, we tested the possibility that nontypical apoptosis is a component of IPNV-induced fish cell death. A variant type of green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was expressed in a fish cell line such that EGFP served as a protein marker for visualizing dynamic apoptotic cell morphological changes and for tracing membrane integrity changes during IPNV infection. Direct morphological changes were visualized by fluorescence microscopy by EGFP in living cells infected with IPNV. The nontypical apoptotic morphological change stage occurred during the pre-late stage (6 to 7 h postinfection). Nontypical apoptotic features, including highly condensed membrane blebbing, occurred during the middle apoptotic stage. At the pre-late apoptotic stage, membrane vesicles quickly formed, blebbed, and were finally pinched off from the cell membrane. At the same time, at this pre-late apoptotic stage, apoptotic cells formed unique small holes in their membranes that ranged from 0.39 to 0.78 micrometer according to examination by scanning electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy. Quantitation of the intra- and extracellular release of EGFP by CHSE-214-EGFP cells after IPNV infection was done by Western blotting and fluorometry. Membrane integrity was quickly lost during the late apoptotic stage (after 8 h postinfection), and morphological change and membrane integrity loss could be prevented and blocked by treatment with apoptosis inhibitors such as cycloheximide, genistein, and EDTA before IPNV infection. Together, these findings show the apoptotic features at the onset of pathology in host cells (early and middle apoptotic stages), followed secondarily by nontypical apoptosis (pre-late apoptotic stage) and then by postapoptotic necrosis (late apoptotic stage), of a fish cell line. Our results demonstrate that nontypical apoptosis is a component of IPNV-induced fish cell death.
Subphthalocyanine Derivatives Having a Phosphorus Group as an Axial Substituent (2012)

Abstract The synthesis and properties of novel subphthalocyanines having a phosphorus group as an axial substituent are reported. The excellent solubility of these materials may provide a good production method for optical films without impairing the excellent properties peculiar to the original subphthalocyanines.
Optimum frequency selection in multifrequency interferometry (2003)

We describe a novel technique for measurement of absolute order of interference in multifrequency interferometry. An optimization criterion is introduced that leads to frequency selection formulations that are optimized with respect to the minimum number of frequencies required for achieving the maximum target dynamic range. The method is generalized to N frequencies and gives a definition of measurement reliability. We demonstrate the technique by means of coherent fringe projection for nonintrusive, full-field profilometry. Experimental data for three frequencies are presented.
The Resonant Body Transistor (2010)

This paper introduces the resonant body transistor (RBT), a silicon-based dielectrically transduced nanoelectromechanical (NEM) resonator embedding a sense transistor directly into the resonator body. Combining the benefits of FET sensing with the frequency scaling capabilities and high quality factors (Q) of internal dielectrically transduced bar resonators, the resonant body transistor achieves >10 GHz frequencies and can be integrated into a standard CMOS process for on-chip clock generation, high-Q microwave circuits, fundamental quantum-state preparation and observation, and high-sensitivity measurements. An 11.7 GHz bulk-mode RBT is demonstrated with a quality factor Q of 1830, marking the highest frequency acoustic resonance measured to date on a silicon wafer.
A Fusible Orthoborate Lithium Salt with High Conductivity in Solutions (1999)

Synthesis, analysis, and electrochemical properties of a new lithium salt with an exceptionally large, weakly coordinating anion, lithium bis{1,2‐tetra(trifluoromethyl) ethylenediolato (2−)‐O,O'} borate , are described. This salt, whose anion contains 24 fluorine atoms, can be fused at remarkably low temperatures and is stable up to . The salt has a low conductivity in the molten state, only at the melting point of due to its quasi‐molecular character. However, its solutions in molecular solvents are extremely conductive. The maximum conductivity of in dimethoxyethane (DME) is at . The electrochemical stability for each of the DME and propylene carbonate solutions is at least vs. . ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Construction of a high efficiency retroviral vector for gene therapy of Hunter's syndrome (2002)

Minimum-sized retroviral vector that contains no selective marker as well as a viral coding sequences could drive a high level of gene expression, be produced efficiently from the producer line, and enter hematopoietic cells at a high frequency. Our data suggest the great potential for using MT-based vector(s) in a gene therapy trial for Hunter's syndrome utilizing human CD34+ stem cells as target cells.
Majority-Inverter Graph: A New Paradigm for Logic Optimization (2015)

In this paper, we propose a paradigm shift in representing and optimizing logic by using only majority (MAJ) and inversion (INV) functions as basic operations. We represent logic functions by majority-inverter graph (MIG): a directed acyclic graph consisting of three-input majority nodes and regular/complemented edges. We optimize MIGs via a new Boolean algebra, based exclusively on majority and inversion operations, that we formally axiomatize in this paper. As a complement to MIG algebraic optimization, we develop powerful Boolean methods exploiting global properties of MIGs, such as bit-error masking. MIG algebraic and Boolean methods together attain very high optimization quality. Considering the set of IWLS'05 benchmarks, our MIG optimizer (MIGhty) enables a 7% depth reduction in LUT-6 circuits mapped by ABC while also reducing size and power activity, with respect to similar and-inverter graph (AIG) optimization. Focusing on arithmetic intensive benchmarks instead, MIGhty enables a 16% depth reduction in LUT-6 circuits mapped by ABC, again with respect to similar AIG optimization. Employed as front-end to a delay-critical 22-nm application-specified integrated circuit flow (logic synthesis + physical design) MIGhty reduces the average delay/area/power by 13%/4%/3%, respectively, over 31 academic and industrial benchmarks. We also demonstrate delay/area/power improvements by 10%/10%/5% for a commercial FPGA flow.
Bone Glue Modified Asphalt: A Step towards Energy Conservation and Environment Friendly Modified Asphalts (2014)

Asphalt has been modified for the past several decades using various additives, including synthetic polymers. Polymer modification improves structural and engineering characteristics of the binder, which is a result of improvement in rheological characteristics of binder as well as its adhesion capability with the aggregate. Such enhancement inevitably enhances the performance characteristics of hot mix asphalts (HMA) such as fatigue life, resistance to rutting, and thermal cracking. Even though polymer-modified HMA is popular in North America and European countries, its use is still limited in developing countries of Southeast Asia due to high costs associated with its manufacturing, processing, and energy consumption. In this study, a new kind of asphalt modifier derived from animal wastes, such as bones, hides, and flesh commonly known as Bone Glue, is studied. This biomaterial which is a by-product of food and cattle industries is cheap, conveniently available, and produced locally in developing countries. The results of the research study showed that the bone glue can easily be mixed with asphalt without significantly altering the asphalt binder's viscosity and mixing and compaction temperatures of HMA. Additionally, improvements in complex shear modulus for a range of temperatures were also determined and it was found that complex shear modulus was improved by bone glue modification.
Effect of Ar Sputter Etch on the Texture of Ti and Al/TiN/Ti Metal Stack (1997)

The effects of Ar sputter etch and Ti deposition temperature on the crystalline orientation of Ti films deposited by long‐throw sputtering geometry are reported. Both Ar sputter etch and high Ti deposition temperature degraded the Ti microstructure from highly (002) Ti textured to mixed (002) Ti and (011) Ti. This degradation produced a wide distribution in the crystalline orientation of Al grains in the Al/TiN/Ti stack. A mechanism based on the effects of Ar sputter etch on the oxide surface roughness and surface chemistry was proposed to explain the effect of Ar etch on the crystalline texture of Ti and Al in the Al/TiN/Ti stack.
Opportunistic Piggyback Marking for IP Traceback (2015)

IP traceback is a solution for attributing cyber attacks, and it is also useful for accounting user traffic and network diagnosis. Marking-based traceback (MBT) has been considered a promising traceback approach, and has received considerable attention. However, we find that the traceback message delivery problem in MBT, which is important to the successful completion of a traceback, has not been adequately studied in the literature. To address this issue, we present the design, analysis, and evaluation of opportunistic piggyback marking (OPM) for IP traceback in this paper. The OPM distinguishes itself from the existing works by decoupling the traceback message content encoding and delivery functions in MBT, and efficiently achieves expedited and robust traceback message delivery by exploiting piggyback marking opportunities. Based on the proposed OPM scheme, we then present the flexible marking-based traceback framework, which is a novel design paradigm for IP traceback and has several favorable features for practical deployment of IP traceback. Through the numerical analysis and the comprehensive simulation evaluations, we demonstrate that our design effectively reduces the traceback completion delay and router processing overhead, and increases the message delivery ratio compared with other baseline approaches.
Production as a Service: Optimizing Utilization in Manufacturing Systems (2016)

While advances in technology have greatly improved the process of mass production, producing small batches or one-offs in an efficient manner has remained challenging for the manufacturing industry. Additionally, in both large and small companies, there are often available manufacturing resources that sit idle between projects. In this paper we present a Production as a Service framework for providing manufacturing options to designers of new products based on available manufacturing resources. The designed framework aims to bridge the gap between the theoretical work that has been done on Service Oriented Architectures in manufacturing, and what is required for implementation. An industrial use case is provided as an example of the framework.
Identification of complex genomic breakpoint junctions in the t(9;11) MLLAF9 fusion gene in acute leukemia (1997)

The MLL gene at chromosome 11, band q23, is involved in translocations with as many as 40 different chromosomal bands. Virtually all breakpoints occur within an 8.3 kb BamHI fragment and result in 5` MLL fused to partner genes in a 5′-3′ orientation. The translocation t(9;11)(p22;q23), which results in the fusion of MLL to AF9, is the most common of the 11q23 chromosomal abnormalities observed in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in therapy related leukemia (t-AML), and rarely in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have studied 24 patients with a t(9;11) and an MLL rearrangement, including 19 patients with AML, four with t-AML, and one with ALL. To understand the mechanisms of this illegitimate recombination, we cloned and sequenced the t(9;11) translocation breakpoint junctions on both derivative chromosomes from one AML patient and from the Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cell line, which was derived from a patient with AML. Two different complex junctions were noted. In the AML patient, both chromosome 11 and 9 breaks were staggered, occurred in Alu DNA sequences, and resulted in a 331 bp duplication. In the MM6 cell line, breaks in chromosomes 11 and 9 were also staggered, but, in contrast to the finding in the AML patient, the breaks did not involve Alu DNA sequences and resulted in a 664 bp deletion at the breakpoints. Using reverse transcriptase (RT-) PCR, we analyzed 11 patient samples, including the two just described, for MLL-AF9 fusions. The fusion occurred in six of seven AML patients, two of two t-AML patients, one patient with ALL, and in the MM6 cell line. Interestingly, all of the breaks within the AF9 gene in AML patients occurred in the central AF9 exon, called Site A by others, whereas in the single ALL patient the breakpoint mapped to a more 3` region of the AF9 gene. Our data, when combined with those of others, suggest that the fusion point within the AF9 gene, and thus the amount of AF9 material included in the MLL-AF9 fusion gene product, may influence the phenotype of the resulting leukemia. This further supports the proposal that the MLL translocation partner genes play a critical role in the leukemogenic process. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 20:185–195, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.