gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of mRNAs for neurotrophins and their receptors after axotomy of the sciatic nerve. (1993)

The neurotrophin family includes NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of NGF and its low-affinity receptor is induced in nonneuronal cells of the distal segment of the transected sciatic nerve suggesting a role for NGF during axonal regeneration (Johnson, E. M., M. Taniuchi, and P. S. DeStefano. 1988. Trends Neurosci. 11:299-304). To assess the role of the other neurotrophins and the members of the family of Trk signaling neurotrophin receptors, we have here quantified the levels of mRNAs for BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 as well as mRNAs for trkA, trkB, and trkC at different times after transection of the sciatic nerve in adult rats. A marked increase of BDNF and NT-4 mRNAs in the distal segment of the sciatic nerve was seen 2 wk after the lesion. The increase in BDNF mRNA was mediated by a selective activation of the BDNF exon IV promoter and adrenalectomy attenuated this increase by 50%. NT-3 mRNA, on the other hand, decreased shortly after the transection but returned to control levels 2 wk later. In Schwann cells ensheathing the sciatic nerve, only trkB mRNA encoding truncated TrkB receptors was detected with reduced levels in the distal part of the lesioned nerve. Similar results were seen using a probe that detects all forms of trkC mRNA. In the denervated gastrocnemius muscle, the level of BDNF mRNA increased, NT-3 mRNA did not change, while NT-4 mRNA decreased. In the spinal cord, only small changes were seen in the levels of neutrophin and trk mRNAs. These results show that expression of mRNAs for neurotrophins and their Trk receptors is differentially regulated after a peripheral nerve injury. Based on these results a model is presented for how the different neurotrophins could cooperate to promote regeneration of injured peripheral nerves.
Double Negative Index Metamaterial: Simultaneous Negative Permeability and Permittivity at 812 nm (2007)

A negative index metamaterial demonstrating n = −1.0 + 0.8i with both negative effective permittivity and permeability at 813 nm of linearly polarized light is fabricated. It also exhibits a negative refractive index at 772 nm for orthogonal polarization.
Transient alterations in the expression of protease and extracellular matrix genes during metastatic lung colonization by H-ras-transformed 10T1/2 fibroblasts. (1990)

It has been proposed that tumor progression is a selective process and that only a minority of tumor cells survive this selection because they possess the phenotypic traits necessary for metastasis and organ colonization. Both proteases and extracellular matrix proteins have been implicated in invasion and metastasis formation. To examine the nature of the selection process, we transformed 10T1/2 fibroblasts with T24 H-ras and the neoR gene and selected a clonal line expressing the mutant ras gene. After i.v. injection of this line into syngeneic C3H/HeN mice, tumor cells were recovered from lungs by enzymatic treatment and selective outgrowth in G418. Less than one of 10(3) cells survived in the lung 30 min after inoculation, and these exhibited a unique phenotype. This was characterized by a propensity to lodge in the lung on reinjection; markedly enhanced mRNA levels of procollagen alpha 2(I), procollagen alpha 1(III), and fibronectin; and decreased levels of laminin, major excreted protein (procathepsin L), transin, and H-ras. Between 1 and 9 days after tumor injection, the phenotype of the cells surviving in the lung changed dramatically and exhibited a pattern of gene expression with increased protease and low matrix protein mRNA levels. This coincided with a 26-fold increase in the ability to colonize lungs on i.v. injection. Both the phenotype characterized by its propensity to arrest in the lung and that showing enhanced metastatic ability were unstable on prolonged in vitro culture. We hypothesize that two selection events have occurred. The first is for lung arrest and implantation of variants of the injected tumor with high matrix protein and low protease levels. A second selection then occurs for tumor cells that carry a favorable phenotype for invasion and proliferation which is associated with low matrix protein and high protease gene expression. These two phenotypes are represented within a clonal population of recently transformed tumor cells.
Design of a pipelined hardware architecture for real-time neural network computations (2003)

In this paper, we present a digital hardware implementation of a Neural Network server The key characteristics of this solution are on-chip learning algorithm implementation, sophisticated activation function realization, high reconfiguration capability and operation under real time constraints. Experimental results have shown that our system exhibits better response in terms of recall speed, learning speed and reconfiguration capability than other implementations proposed in the literature. Additionally, an in depth analysis of data quantization effects on network convergence has been performed and a set of design rules has been extracted.
Recommended implementation of arterial spin‐labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: A consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia (2014)

This review provides a summary statement of recommended implementations of arterial spin labeling (ASL) for clinical applications. It is a consensus of the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group and the European ASL in Dementia consortium, both of whom met to reach this consensus in October 2012 in Amsterdam. Although ASL continues to undergo rapid technical development, we believe that current ASL methods are robust and ready to provide useful clinical information, and that a consensus statement on recommended implementations will help the clinical community to adopt a standardized approach. In this review, we describe the major considerations and trade‐offs in implementing an ASL protocol and provide specific recommendations for a standard approach. Our conclusion is that as an optimal default implementation, we recommend pseudo‐continuous labeling, background suppression, a segmented three‐dimensional readout without vascular crushing gradients, and calculation and presentation of both label/control difference images and cerebral blood flow in absolute units using a simplified model. Magn Reson Med 73:102–116, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large blueshifting of InGaAs/InP quantum-well band gaps by ion implantation (1992)

We demonstrate that phosphorous ion implantation in InGaAs/InP quantum wells can be used to produce large (from 1550 to 1200 nm) blueshifts of the band edge. This reproducible technique of lateral band-gap control can be used in quantum-well photonic integrated circuits to produce regions of low-loss waveguide, e.g., for interconnects or large passive cavities. Phosphorous implants with subsequent p-type InP regrowth produces blueshifted quantum-well diodes with good reverse-bias characteristics and low-loss p-i(multiple quantum well)-n waveguides.
Fabrication and mechanical performance of a mesoscale space-filling truss system (2001)

A small, lightweight, space-filling truss structure is fabricated using soft lithography in combination with electrodeposition. The truss architecture is chosen so that three-dimensionality can be achieved simply by folding a two-dimensional grid at a specific angle. The mechanical performance and structural efficiency of the truss beam are assessed under four-point bending and compared to the bending behavior of a square box beam in terms of non-dimensional indexes for stiffness, weight, and load-bearing capacity.
Keyword Search over Knowledge Graphs via Static and Dynamic Hub Labelings (2020)

Keyword search is a prominent approach to querying Web data. For graph-structured data, a widely accepted semantics for keywords is based on group Steiner trees. For this NP-hard problem, existing algorithms with provable quality guarantees have prohibitive run time on large graphs. In this paper, we propose practical approximation algorithms with a guaranteed quality of computed answers and very low run time. Our algorithms rely on Hub Labeling (HL), a structure that labels each vertex in a graph with a list of vertices reachable from it, which we use to compute distances and shortest paths. We devise two HLs: a conventional static HL that uses a new heuristic to improve pruned landmark labeling, and a novel dynamic HL that inverts and aggregates query-relevant static labels to more efficiently process vertex sets. Our approach allows to compute a reasonably good approximation of answers to keyword queries in milliseconds on million-scale knowledge graphs.
16x16 Multiuser MIMO Testbed Employing Simple Adaptive Modulation Scheme (2009)

Recently, the multiuser multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) system has attracted much attention as a technology that enhances the total system capacity by generating a virtual MIMO channel between a base station and multiple terminal stations. Although extensive evaluations are needed because the number of system parameters in MU-MIMO is much larger compared to the single user (SU)-MIMO, the performance of MU-MIMO in actual environments is still not well understood. This paper describes the features and effectiveness of a 16times16 multi-user (MU)- MIMO testbed in an actual indoor environment. Moreover, we propose a simple adaptive modulation scheme for MU-MIMO-OFDM transmission that employs a bit interleaver for the frequency and space domains. Finally, we evaluate the frequency efficiency by obtaining the bit error rate of this testbed in an actual indoor environment. We clarify that 16times4times4-user MU-MIMO transmission using the proposed modulation scheme achieves the frequency utilization of 870 Mbps and 1 Gbps (SNR: 31 and 36 dB) with 20 MHz bandwidth, respectively.
A New Approach to Compute Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes of One-Dimensional Continuous Structures With Arbitrary Nonuniformities (2020)

Abstract One-dimensional continuous structures include longitudinal vibration of bars, torsional vibration of circular shafts, and transverse vibration of beams. Using the linear time-varying system theory, algorithms are developed in this paper to compute natural frequencies and mode shapes of these structures with nonuniform spatial parameters (mass distributions, material properties and cross-sectional areas) which can have jump discontinuities. A general numerical approach has been presented to include Dirac-delta functions and their spatial derivatives due to jump discontinuities. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the application of these techniques to the solution of different types of spatial variations of parameters and boundary conditions.
Versatile Low-Cost Volumetric 3D Ultrasound Imaging Using Gimbal-Assisted Distance Sensors and an Inertial Measurement Unit (2020)

This study aims at creating low-cost, three-dimensional (3D), freehand ultrasound image reconstructions from commercial two-dimensional (2D) probes. The low-cost system that can be attached to a commercial 2D ultrasound probe consists of commercial ultrasonic distance sensors, a gimbal, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). To calibrate irregular movements of the probe during scanning, relative position data were collected from the ultrasonic sensors that were attached to a gimbal. The directional information was provided from the IMU. All the data and 2D ultrasound images were combined using a personal computer to reconstruct 3D ultrasound image. The relative position error of the proposed system was less than 0.5%. The overall shape of the cystic mass in the breast phantom was similar to those from 2D and sections of 3D ultrasound images. Additionally, the pressure and deformations of lesions could be obtained and compensated by contacting the probe to the surface of the soft tissue using the acquired position data. The proposed method did not require any initial marks or receivers for the reconstruction of a 3D ultrasound image using a 2D ultrasound probe. Even though our system is less than $500, a valuable volumetric ultrasound image could be provided to the users.
Covalent Immune Recruiters: Tools to Gain Chemical Control Over Immune Recognition (2020)

Unprecedented progress made in the treatment of cancer using the body's own immune system has encouraged the development of synthetic molecule based immunotherapeutics. An emerging class of these compounds, called Antibody Recruiting Molecules (ARMs) or Antibody Engagers (AEs), functions by reversibly binding antibodies naturally present in human serum and recruiting these to cancer cells. The recruited antibodies then engage immune cells to form quaternary complexes that drive cancer erradication. Despite their promise, the requirement to form quaternary complexes governed by multiple equilibria complicates an understanding of their <i>in vivo</i> efficacy. Particularly problematic are low endogenous serum antibody concentrations and rapid clearance of AEs from circulation. Here we describe a new class of trifunctional chemical tools we call covalent immune recruiters (CIRs). CIRs covalently label specific serum antibodies in a selective manner with a target protein binding ligand. CIRs thereby exert well-defined control over antibody recruitment and simplify quaternary complex equilibium, enabling probing of the resultant effects on immune recognition. We demonstrate CIRs can selectively covalently label anti-DNP IgG, a natural human antibody, directly in human serum to drive efficient immune cell recognition of targets. We expect CIRs will be useful tools to probe how quaternary complex stability impacts the immune recognition of cancer <i>in vivo</i>, revealing new design principles to guide the development of future AEs.
Kawasaki disease outbreaks in COVID-19 era (2020)

Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common pediatric vasculitis syndrome which mainly affects children less than 5 years of age and it is characterized by pathognomonic clinical manifestations and possible severe vascular complications. In this article we discussed the possible association between COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease. Making a correct diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease in a properly timely manner is really important in order to initiate an appropriate treatment and to prevent clinical deterioration and vascular complications.
Resource Allocation for OFDMA Relay-Enhanced System with Cooperative Selection Diversity (2009)

The cooperative selection diversity (CSD) scheme which dynamically selects the best transmission scheme between decode-and-forward relaying and direct transmission outperforms the other complex cooperative diversity schemes in terms of throughput and implementation complexity. In this paper, we formulate the optimal resource allocation problem with a fairness constraint in the downlink of OFDMA relay-enhanced system when CSD based transmissions are considered. The problem is linearized into a binary integer programming problem by using a constant power allocation. To solve the linear programming problem, we proposed a heuristic joint path selection and subchannel allocation algorithm. Moreover, a void filling algorithm is designed to make full use of the resources. Simulation results demonstrate that our path selection rule based on the end-to- end achievable data rate and the void filling algorithm achieve more system throughput especially when the proportion of the two zones used in the two-slot relaying pattern is far away from the optimal value. The heuristic resource allocation algorithm provides a suboptimal solution to gain a tradeoff between system throughput maximization and fairness.
Au/Ti/Al contacts to SiC for power applications: electrical, chemical and thermal properties (2004)

A new Au/Ti(70%)/Al(30%) composition has been proposed and investigated as an ohmic contact to p-type SiC. The dependence of the resistivity on the annealing conditions has been studied at temperatures ranging from 700 /spl deg/C to 950 /spl deg/C. The lowest contact resistivity of 1.40 /spl times/ 10/sup -5/ /spl Omega/.cm/sup 2/ is achieved after annealing at 900 /spl deg/C. The study of the thermal properties determines the contact stability during the ageing at temperatures of 500-700 /spl deg/C, operating temperatures up to 450 /spl deg/C and current densities of 10/sup 3/ A/cm/sup 2/. XPS depth analysis of annealed and aged contacts has been performed to understand the origin of the ohmic properties and the thermal and power stability observed.
Modeling of a New SOI Bidirectional Bipolar Junction Transistor for Low-Loss Household Appliances (2011)

In this paper, a new monolithic bidirectional bipolar junction transistor with full turn-off control is studied due to technology computer-aided tools. The structure is built on a symmetrical transistor using silicon-on-insulator technology, which functionality relies on reduced surface field and base shielding effects. These concepts allow high drift doping concentrations and a thin and/or lowly doped base. Such a structure is suitable for bidirectional household appliances within a confined environment where power dissipation is a critical parameter.
MAS PFG NMR Studies of Mixtures in Porous Materials (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Marcel Gratz, Stefan Hertel, Markus Wehring, Stefan Schlayer, Frank Stallmach, Petrik Galvosas; MAS PFG NMR Studies of Mixtures in Porous Materials. AIP Conf. Proc. 29 March 2011; 1330 (1): 61–64. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3562233 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Tryptophan Catabolism by Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Alters the Balance of T <sub>H</sub> 17 to Regulatory T Cells in HIV Disease (2010)

The pathogenesis of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is characterized by CD4(+) T cell depletion and chronic T cell activation, leading ultimately to AIDS. CD4(+) T helper (T(H)) cells provide protective immunity and immune regulation through different immune cell functional subsets, including T(H)1, T(H)2, T regulatory (T(reg)), and interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting T(H)17 cells. Because IL-17 can enhance host defenses against microbial agents, thus maintaining the integrity of the mucosal barrier, loss of T(H)17 cells may foster microbial translocation and sustained inflammation. Here, we study HIV-seropositive subjects and find that progressive disease is associated with the loss of T(H)17 cells and a reciprocal increase in the fraction of the immunosuppressive T(reg) cells both in peripheral blood and in rectosigmoid biopsies. The loss of T(H)17/T(reg) balance is associated with induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) by myeloid antigen-presenting dendritic cells and with increased plasma concentration of microbial products. In vitro, the loss of T(H)17/T(reg) balance is mediated directly by the proximal tryptophan catabolite from IDO metabolism, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. We postulate that induction of IDO may represent a critical initiating event that results in inversion of the T(H)17/T(reg) balance and in the consequent maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state in progressive HIV disease.
Study on FTO/ITO composite conducting films (2005)

ITO,FTO and FTO/ITO composite conducting films were prepared respectively by sol-gel and solution hydrolyzing methods,transmittance of films were measured in the range of visible light by spectrophotometer;electrical resistance rate of films were determined by four probes methods;surface morphology of films,size of microcosmic particle and thickness of films were observed by SEM.Experiment show:FTO/ITO composite conducting films with low resistivity,high optical transmittance can be obtained through using SnCl4·5H2O,In(NO3)3·4.5H2O,NH4F as raw material by sol-gel and solution hydrolyzing methods.
Decision-Theoretic Foundations for Causal Reasoning (1995)

We present a definition of cause and effect in terms of decision-theoretic primitives and thereby provide a principled foundation for causal reasoning. Our definition departs from the traditional view of causation in that causal assertions may vary with the set of decisions available. We argue that this approach provides added clarity to the notion of cause. Also in this paper, we examine the encoding of causal relationships in directed acyclic graphs. We describe a special class of influence diagrams, those in canonical form, and show its relationship to Pearl's representation of cause and effect. Finally, we show how canonical form facilitates counterfactual reasoning.
Inhibitors of Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatases: Biochemical and Structural Studies Provide Insight for Further Development (2018)

Although the catalytic site is conserved, opportunities for the development of selective inhibitors of this important group of metalloenzymes exist.
Empirical Approch For Rate Selection In MIMO OFDM (2004)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is fast gaining ground as a preferred modulation technique for short range wireless data application such as 802.11a/g, 802.15.3a and 802.16. Recently, use of multiple transmit and receive antenna for improving spectral efficiency in a wireless system has received much interest. IEEE 802.11 has set up the Work Group 802.11n to develop a standard for enhanced rate 802.11 based on OFDM using Multi Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques. The most dominant proposal is the use of singular value decomposition based MIMO methods to achieve the high data rate. The selection of modulation and coding rates plays a significant role in the overall throughput of the system, more so in cases where the traffic between the transmitter and the receiver consists of short bursts and the user location is not fixed. The performance of a given modulation and coding technique depends on the channel condition. Closed form or bounding solutions exists for various modulation and coding techniques. But these techniques are not suitable for real time application where the channel is dynamic. The approach taken in this thesis is to decouple frequency selective MIMO OFDM channel into orthogonal spatial and frequency domains channels using Fast Fourier Transforms and Singular Value Decomposition. The channels can be viewed as parallel flat fading channels for which the expected BER rate can be computed. A SNR-BER table is used to efficiently compute the performance efficiently. An effective SNR is computed using the table and compared with rate threshold to select a suitable rate. Improvements of 15 dB and above are shown the link budget while using a four transmit four receive MIMO system. Proposed 802.11n TGn Sync physical layer standard is used to evaluate the performance. The performance in case of one of the systems being a legacy 802.11a/g nodes is also looked into. Gains up to 7 dB are shown in the link budget.