gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low profile multi-layer slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) array antenna with folded feed network for mobile DBS applications (2007)

A low profile Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) 13x32 slot array antenna has been fabricated employing multi-layer printed circuit board technology. The introduction of multi-layer structures considerably reduced the overall height of the mobile antenna to about 3in. and rendered a low profile antenna structure suitable for mobile DBS reception. On the top substrate layer in this well-developed design, the radiating slot elements were etched on the metalized top surface, and a low loss feed structure comprised of SIW elements was similarly printed using the bottom substrate. The top and bottom layers were coupled through transverse slots cut at the interface of two layers. This newly developed antenna is a low profile design as folding the antenna feed has resulted in a significant height reduction, and the use of the inherent main beam tilt angle of the leaky wave antenna has considerably reduced the mechanical steering requirements. The complete design details will be presented here.
A Family of Human β4-Galactosyltransferases (1997)

BLAST analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) using the coding sequence of the human UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta1, 4-galactosyltransferase, designated beta4Gal-T1, revealed a large number of ESTs with identical as well as similar sequences. ESTs with sequences similar to that of beta4Gal-T1 could be grouped into at least two non-identical sequence sets. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of the novel ESTs with beta4Gal-T1 revealed conservation of short sequence motifs as well as cysteine residues previously shown to be important for the function of beta4Gal-T1. The likelihood that the identified ESTs represented novel galactosyltransferase genes was tested by cloning and sequencing of the full coding region of two distinct genes, followed by expression. Expression of soluble secreted constructs in the baculovirus system showed that these genes represented genuine UDP-galactose:beta-N-acetylglucosamine beta1, 4-galactosyltransferases, thus designated beta4Gal-T2 and beta4Gal-T3. Genomic cloning of the genes revealed that they have identical genomic organizations compared with beta4Gal-T1. The two novel genes were located on 1p32-33 and 1q23. The results demonstrate the existence of a family of homologous galactosyltransferases with related functions. The existence of multiple beta4-galactosyltransferases with the same or overlapping functions may be relevant for interpretation of biological functions previously assigned to beta4Gal-T1.
Layout decomposition for double patterning lithography (2008)

In double patterning lithography (DPL) layout decomposition for 45nm and below process nodes, two features must be assigned opposite colors (corresponding to different exposures) if their spacing is less than the minimum coloring spacing [11, 9, 5]. However, there exist pattern configurations for which pattern features separated by less than the minimum color spacing cannot be assigned different colors. In such cases, DPL requires that a layout feature be split into two parts. We address this problem using a layout decomposition algorithm that includes graph construction, conflict cycle detection, and node splitting processes. We evaluate our technique on both real-world and artificially generated testcases in 45nm technology. Experimental results show that our proposed layout decomposition method effectively decomposes given layouts to satisfy the key goals of minimized line-ends and maximized overlap margin. There are no design rule violations in the final decomposed layout.
Application of Rank-Weight Methods to Blockchain Cybersecurity Vulnerability Assessment Framework (2019)

Cybersecurity vulnerability assessment tools, frameworks, and methodologies are used to understand the cybersecurity maturity of a system or a facility. However, these tools are strictly developed based on standards defined by organizations such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the U.S. Department of Energy; the majority of these tools and frameworks do not provide a platform to prioritize the requirements to reach a desired cybersecurity maturity. To address that challenge, we have been developing a framework and software application called cybersecurity vulnerability mitigation framework through empirical paradigm (CyFEr). CyFEr treats the problem at hand as a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) problem, which requires that various criteria be weighed relatively. Defining those weights is non-trivial and often leads to subjective decisions leading to undesired complications. To facilitate such a weighting system in CyFEr, we evaluated the application of various rank-weight methods (such as rank sum, reciprocal rank, rank exponent, and rank order centroid). The efficacy of those rank-weight methods was evaluated by applying them and testing against the blockchain cybersecurity framework (BC2F). BC2F was developed using the NIST cybersecurity framework to evaluate the cybersecurity posture of the blockchain nodes and networks in a given blockchain application or use-case. This paper provides 1) technical insights on the application of rank-weight methods to cybersecurity vulnerability assessments, 2) an overview of BC2F, 3) the application of rank-weight methods to BC2F, and 4) a depiction of the integration of the discussed rank-weight methods in CyFEr.
LNA(R) incorporated siRNAs exhibit lower off-target effects compared to 2'-OMethoxy in Cell Phenotypic Assays and Microarray Analysis (2008)

Despite the promise of short interfering RNAs (siRNA), contending with off-target is a challenge for RNAi users. To alleviate these problems, we have developed locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified siRNAs and optimized performance using cellular phenotypic assays as well as microarray analysis. During development, we compared LNA and 2'OMethoxy (2'OMe) chemistries placed strategically throughout the siRNA molecule and found a novel pattern of LNA placement that greatly improved the specificity of the siRNA and reduced it's toxicity in culture while preserving the potency of the siRNA. The improvements in specificity made by LNA-modified siRNAs were developed and validated by measuring the phenotypic signatures in a high content cell-based screening assay as well as comparison of the level of differentially expressed genes observed in microarray analysis between modified and unmodified siRNAs. HT screening of a collection of genes demonstrated that the LNA-modified siRNAs exhibits the best overall rate to elicit the expected phenotype, reduced toxicity and achieved an improved coherence of phenotype compared to 2'OMe-modified or unmodified siRNAs.
Calibration of Log Permeability Models Using Fluid Flow Measurements (2003)

Abstract This paper presents the results of a research effort to develop, test, and apply a numerical minimization procedure for determining the coefficients and exponents of some of the more popular formation permeability estimation models that are used with open hole well log analyses. The calibration of the log permeability models is performed using reference values of formation effective or absolute permeability (or conductivity) derived from fluid flow measurements. Sources of the reference formation permeability values that have been used in this study include reservoir pressure-transient test analyses, commingled multilayer reservoir production performance analyses using production log information, core analyses, and formation tester results. In this paper, an efficient numerical minimization algorithm has been implemented to determine the best estimates of the coefficients and exponents of the Coates1 and Timur2 log permeability models that agree with fluid flow measured values of formation permeability (or conductivity). These models were chosen due to their popularity, but the basic minimization procedure presented in this paper is applicable to other log permeability prediction models as well. Special consideration is given to the implementation of the Coates1 model in the minimization process by the introduction of the Heaviside unit step function into the published model for use in the minimization process to relate the bulk volume water irreducible and the total porosity (or irreducible water saturation and effective porosity).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Detoxification of Phosphonothiolates. (1990)

Abstract The chemical nerve agent (I) is an unusually selective oxidation substrate.
A Generalized Synthesis Procedure for Low-Profile, Frequency Selective Surfaces With Odd-Order Bandpass Responses (2010)

We present a generalized synthesis procedure for designing low-profile frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with bandpass responses of odd-order (N = 3,5,7,...). The FSSs designed using this technique use a combination of resonant and non-resonant sub-wavelength constituting unit cells with unit cell dimensions and periodicities in the order of 0.15 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the free space wavelength. The main advantage of using this technique, compared to traditional FSS design techniques, is that it allows for the design of low-profile and ultrathin FSSs that can provide sharp frequency selectivity. An Nth order FSS designed using this technique typically has an electrical thickness in the order of ~ (N - 1) λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /50 which is significantly smaller than the overall thickness of a traditionally designed Nth order FSS (~ (N - 1) λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /4). The proposed synthesis procedure is validated for two FSS prototypes having third- and fifth-order bandpass responses. Principles of operation, detailed synthesis procedure, and implementation guidelines for this type of FSS are presented and discussed in this communication.
Development of Potent Anti-HIV Chimeric Immune Receptors (B120) (2007)

Abstract T cells that are genetically modified to express anti-HIV chimeric immune receptors (CIR) and have the potential to eradicate the reservoirs of viral infections, may be useful to suppress or cure HIV/AIDS. CD4zeta (CD4z) can bind HIV-1gp120 antigen in an MHC nonrestricted fashion through its CD4 extracellular domain (Ec) fused to the cytoplasmic domain (Cy) of z. However, the adoptive transfer of CD4z-expressing T cells to HIV/AIDS patients failed to control the viral infection in clinical trials, with the mechanisms of failure being unknown. To date, all anti-HIV CIRs developed have been TCR Signal 1-only (e.g., via Cy of z). CIRs that also provide a costimulatory signal (Signal 2; e.g., CD28) significantly enhanced their potency in inducing T cell activation. In order to develop more potent anti-HIV CD4-based CIRs, we have constructed retroviral vectors encoding CD4-based CIR with Signal1+2 (CD4mCD28z) by fusing the Ec of CD4 to Tm and Cy of CD28 with Cy of z. This is compared with a Signal 1-CIR, CD4mz, as a control representing the former Signal 1-CIR designs. Our preliminary results showed that the two CIRs expressed equally well on Phoenix cells transfected with CIR-encoding plasmid and human Jurkat T cells retrovirally transduced individually with the two CIRs. Western blot analysis confirmed that the two CIRs were cellularly expressed intact. Human CD8 T cells will be transduced individually with the two CIRs, followed by evaluating their potencies in inducing T cell activation via the CIR as well as in inhibiting anergy of the CIR-T cells. This will demonstrate the benefits of the inclusion of Signal 2 in in vitro systems as a potential predictor of a better 2nd generation agent for subsequent human in vivo application.
Encrypting Analytical Web Applications (2016)

The software-as-a-service (SaaS) market is growing very fast, but still many clients are concerned about the confidentiality of their data in the cloud. Motivated hackers or malicious insiders could try to steal the clients' data. Encryption is a potential solution, but supporting the necessary functionality also in existing applications is difficult. In this paper, we examine encrypting analytical web applications that perform extensive number processing operations in the database. Existing solutions for encrypting data in web applications poorly support such encryption. We employ a proxy that adjusts the encryption to the level necessary for the client's usage and also supports additively homomorphic encryption. This proxy is deployed at the client and all encryption keys are stored and managed there, while the application is running in the cloud. Our proxy is stateless and we only need to modify the database driver of the application. We evaluate an instantiation of our architecture on an exemplary application. We only slightly increase page load time on average from 3.1 seconds to 4.7. However, roughly 40% of all data columns remain probabilistic encrypted. The client can set the desired security level for each column using our policy mechanism. Hence our proxy architecture offers a solution to increase the confidentiality of the data at the cloud provider at a moderate performance penalty.
High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometer: Quantitative Analysis of Gas Mixtures with Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2014)

We present a high kinetic energy ion mobility spectrometer (HiKE-IMS) for quantitative gas analysis. Drift tube and reaction tube can be operated at reduced fields up to 110 Td. At such conditions the distribution of reactant ion water clusters is shifted toward smaller clusters. Due to the resulting presence of bare reactant ions (e.g., H3O(+)) and the kinetic control of the ionization process with decreasing reaction time, unlike conventional IMS, a quantitative detection with ppbv detection limits of low proton affine analytes even in humid gas mixtures containing high proton affine compounds is possible using a direct sample gas inlet. A significantly improved dynamic range compared to conventional IMS is achieved. An incremental change in reduced fields enables the observation of parameters like field dependent ion mobilites or analyte fragmentation. Also, the characteristic of the analyte signal with respect to the reduced reaction field gives insight into the ionization process of the analyte. Thus, HiKE-IMS enables substance identification by ion mobility and additional analytical information that are not observed with conventional IMS. The instrumental effort is similar to conventional desktop IMS with overall dimensions of the drift and reaction tube of 4 cm × 4 cm × 28.5 cm. However, the mobility resolution is limited and between 30 and 40. Because of the moisture independent ionization and the decrease in competing ion-molecule reactions, no preseparation or membrane inlet is necessary when the compounds of interest are distinguishable either by a significant difference in ion mobility or the additional analytical information.
Adaptive, predictive controller for optimal process control (1995)

One can derive a model for use in a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) from first principles or from experimental data. Until recently, both methods failed for all but the simplest processes. First principles are almost always incomplete and fitting to experimental data fails for dimensions greater than one as well as for non-linear cases. Several authors have suggested the use of a neural network to fit the experimental data to a multi-dimensional and/or non-linear model. Most networks, however, use simple sigmoid functions and backpropagation for fitting. Training of these networks generally requires large amounts of data and, consequently, very long training times. In 1993 we reported on the tuning and optimization of a negative ion source using a special neural network[2]. One of the properties of this network (CNLSnet), a modified radial basis function network, is that it is able to fit data with few basis functions. Another is that its training is linear resulting in guaranteed convergence and rapid training. We found the training to be rapid enough to support real-time control. This work has been extended to incorporate this network into an MPC using the model built by the network for predictive control. This controller has shown some remarkable capabilities in such non-linear applications as continuous stirred exothermic tank reactors and high-purity fractional distillation columns[3]. The controller is able not only to build an appropriate model from operating data but also to thin the network continuously so that the model adapts to changing plant conditions. The controller is discussed as well as its possible use in various of the difficult control problems that face this community.
Efficient multiple time step method for use with Ewald and particle mesh Ewald for large biomolecular systems (2001)

The particle–particle particle–mesh (P3M) method for calculating long-range electrostatic forces in molecular simulations is modified and combined with the reversible reference system propagator algorithm (RESPA) for treating the multiple time scale problems in the molecular dynamics of complex systems with multiple time scales and long-range forces. The resulting particle–particle particle–mesh Ewald RESPA (P3ME/RESPA) method provides a fast and accurate representation of the long-range electrostatic interactions for biomolecular systems such as protein solutions. The method presented here uses a different breakup of the electrostatic forces than was used by other authors when they combined the Particle Mesh Ewald method with RESPA. The usual breakup is inefficient because it treats the reciprocal space forces in an outer loop even though they contain a part that changes rapidly in time. This does not allow use of a large time step for the outer loop. Here, we capture the short-range contributions in the reciprocal space forces and include them in the inner loop, thereby allowing for larger outer loop time steps and thus for a much more efficient RESPA implementation. The new approach has been applied to both regular Ewald and P3ME. The timings of Ewald/RESPA and P3ME/RESPA are compared in detail with the previous approach for protein water solutions as a function of number of atoms in the system, and significant speedups are reported.
Surface-Modified Lithiated H<sub>2</sub>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>: A Stable High Energy Density Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries with LiPF<sub>6</sub> Electrolytes (2014)

A new one-pot multistep process was developed to coat and stabilize LixH2V3O8 as cathode material for Li-ion batteries with LiPF6-based electrolyte. The crystal structure of LixH2V3O8 was preserved after depositing an amorphous AlOx(OH)y coating. The sample containing higher aluminum content (3 wt % nominal) revealed a homogeneous surface coverage with 3 to 10 nm thickness, whereas for lower aluminum content no clear coverage could be detected by imaging. Spectroscopic techniques were used to confirm the presence of aluminum in all coatings. The electrochemical characterization of LixH2V3O8 cathodes coated with AlOx(OH)y containing 1.5 wt % nominal aluminum showed higher stability for lithium-ion intercalation compared to that of bare LixH2V3O8. For instance, after 200 cycles this material revealed 89% capacity retention compared to 67% for uncoated LixH2V3O8. These results enabled the preparation of cathodes working below 4.2 V with a specific energy higher that 0.5 W h kg–1 for more than 200 cycles.
Optical and Mass Spectroscopic Analysis of Titanium doped Sapphire Crystals (1986)

The optical characteristics of Titanium doped Sapphire suggest that this material could be an efficient tunable solid state laser. In order to monitor the quality of Ti:Sapphire laser crystals and perhaps to suggest improvements in growth techniques, we have initiated a study of its material properties.
The acquisition and processing of dithered slip‐sweep vibroseis data (2012)

ABSTRACT We introduce the distance‐separated dithered slip‐sweep vibroseis acquisition technique with the objective of maximizing acquisition productivity for land data whilst maintaining the prestack amplitude fidelity required for detailed amplitude analysis. High productivity is achieved through the use of simultaneous sources and the technique is enabled by the large channel count, continuous recording and rule‐based acquisition technologies inherent in modern land acquisition systems. The technique is very flexible and allows surveys to be designed such that the source‐interference effects, after source separation, are limited to an acceptable level. Two examples illustrate the effectiveness of the technique. Firstly, we simulate a 2D, dithered data set by summing pairs of shots acquired conventionally. After separation using a sparse inversion technique, the interference noise due to simultaneous shooting is substantially eliminated and the prestack and post‐stack data are comparable with those obtainable with sequential shooting using the same number of shot locations. The second example is based on a 3D field test, in which up to 3 fleets of 2 vibrators were swept simultaneously and up to 4 fleets swept with some time overlap. The simultaneous‐source data set is coincident with existing data sets acquired with flip‐flop and slip‐sweep methods in the same area, each requiring significantly more acquisition effort. Migrated images for all three data sets are equivalent, even when no specific attempt is made to remove the interference in the simultaneous‐source data set. Separation using sparse inversion is effective in attenuating this interference prestack and is necessary for detailed amplitude analysis. It is envisaged that separation by sparse inversion will become more important as the number of simultaneous sources is increased, or the minimum distance between fleets that sweep simultaneously is decreased.
Pit Depth Encoded Memories (1994)

The depth of focus of current optical disk players is between 2 and 3 μm . 1 By varying the depth of a pit within the limits of the depth of focus, we can squeeze more information into each pit without any loss of pit density. For example, if the pit depth is varied in 0.1 μm steps, then each pit can represent between 4 and 5 bits of information.
Analysis of type-restricted and cross-reactive epitopes on virus-like particles of human papillomavirus type 33 and in infected tissues using monoclonal antibodies to the major capsid protein (1994)

A panel of six monoclonal antibodies recognizing at least three different antigenic regions has been raised against the L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 33 (HPV-33), which is associated with cervical carcinoma. The antigenic sites defined by these antibodies have been mapped and classified as type-restricted or broadly cross-reactive using bacterially expressed L1 fusion proteins of a variety of HPV types. Conformational and linear epitopes have been distinguished using native and denatured virus-like particles. HPV infection of genital lesions has been analysed using both monoclonal antibodies and DNA amplification by PCR. The antibodies obtained should be useful to probe the structure of HPV capsids and to develop a general assay for the detection and classification of productive HPV infections.