gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sentiment as a prior for movie rating prediction (2018)

Movie ratings play an important role in tasks such as user movie recommendations, verifying the relationship between user-submitted reviews and ratings etc. The ability to predict the rating of a movie would be useful considering these aspects. In this work, firstly, we propose methods to predict the movie rating based on its summary. We then set out to use priors that are generally available with movie summaries in order to improve the accuracy. In order to achieve this, we consider the associated movie reviews as well while predicting the rating and provide insights on why this helps our models perform better. We use the review based sentiment along with the summary in order to predict the rating more accurately since the sentiment captures a lot of essential information that can aid rating prediction. We experiment with various deep learning architectures and the results show a significant accuracy boost of around 2% in most of the models which show the generalizability of our approach.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by carbamazepine and variegate porphyria (2001)

A 42-year-old woman presented with acute bullous skin lesions and angio-oedema that had developed 3 months after initiation of treatment with carbamazepine for epilepsy. Chromatographic analysis of urinary porphyrins was compatible with variegate porphyria. This was manifested initially by neurological symptoms that were mistaken for epilepsy and later by cutaneous symptoms also. Histological findings excluded hepatic porphyria, but revealed severe fatty changes thought to be caused by idiosyncratic metabolism of carbamazepine. While the porphyrinogenicity of carbamazepine is well known, the presence of variegate porphyria has not been reported. The toxic hepatic effects of the drug on hepatic cytochrome P-450, which is involved in haem metabolism, could have aggravated the pre-existent porphyria, provoking the onset of skin lesions.
Fatigue is significant in vasovagal syncope and is associated with autonomic symptoms (2008)

Fatigue is a significant problem experienced by patients with VVS and is associated with autonomic symptoms, the severity of which correlates with fatigue severity. These symptoms are especially profound in those who have not responded to treatment.
S[+] Apomorphine is a CNS penetrating activator of the Nrf2-ARE pathway with activity in mouse and patient fibroblast models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2013)

Compelling evidence indicates that oxidative stress contributes to motor neuron injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but antioxidant therapies have not yet achieved therapeutic benefit in the clinic. The nuclear erythroid 2-related-factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor is a key regulator of an important neuroprotective response by driving the expression of multiple cytoprotective genes via its interaction with the antioxidant response element (ARE). Dysregulation of the Nrf2-ARE system has been identified in ALS models and human disease. Taking the Nrf2-ARE pathway as an attractive therapeutic target for neuroprotection in ALS, we aimed to identify CNS penetrating, small molecule activators of Nrf2-mediated transcription in a library of 2000 drugs and natural products. Compounds were screened extensively for Nrf2 activation, and antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in vitro. S[+]-Apomorphine, a receptor-inactive enantiomer of the clinically approved dopamine-receptor agonist (R[-]-apomorphine), was identified as a nontoxic Nrf2 activating molecule. In vivo S[+]-apomorphine demonstrated CNS penetrance, Nrf2 induction, and significant attenuation of motor dysfunction in the SOD1(G93A) transgenic mouse model of ALS. S[+]-apomorphine also reduced pathological oxidative stress and improved survival following an oxidative insult in fibroblasts from ALS patients. This molecule emerges as a promising candidate for evaluation as a potential neuroprotective agent in ALS patients in the clinic.
Recombinant reflectin‐based optical materials (2012)

Abstract Reflectins are a unique group of structural proteins involved in dynamic optical systems in cephalopods that modulate incident light or bioluminescence. We describe cloning, structural characterization, and optical properties of a reflectin‐based domain, refCBA, from reflectin 1a of Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes . Thin films created from the recombinant protein refCBA display interesting optical features when the recombinant protein is appropriately organized. RefCBA was cloned and expressed as a soluble protein enabling purification, with little structural organization found using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Single‐layer and multi‐layer thin films of refCBA were then produced by flow coating and spin coating, and displayed colors due to thin film interference. Diffraction experiments showed the assemblies were ordered enough to work as diffraction gratings to generate diffraction patterns. Nano‐spheres and lamellar microstructures of refCBA samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Despite the reduced complexity of the refCBA protein compared to natural reflectins, unique biomaterials with similar properties to reflectins were generated by self‐assembled reflectin‐based refCBA molecules. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Study of geometric parameters for the design of short intakes with fan modelling (2022)

The flow over a short intake is characterised by a strong interaction with the fan, that can only be captured when the rotor blades are modelled in the numerical simulations. In this paper, we use a coupled methodology to derive indications about relevant geometric variables affecting the high-incidence operation of an ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan intake with a length-to-diameter ratio of 0.35. By reproducing the effect of the fan through a body force model, we carry out a parametric study of the influence of the contraction ratio and the scarf angle at take-off conditions for a grid of 28 different three-dimensional shapes. The analysis of the selected performance metrics distributions at three angles of attack of 16°, 24°, and 28° reveals that a contraction ratio higher than 1.20 is needed to avoid separation at high incidence. While for an attached inlet the best performance is found with a moderate scarf angle, in presence of a developed separation the distortion level reduces as the scarf decreases up to negative values. We discuss the correspondence between the distortion indexes and the flow field, highlighting the origin of the detachment for the different geometries, according to the operating condition, and analysing the fan operation in the most distorted case. Finally, we assess the influence of modelling the rotor in the simulations, showing that its suppression effect on the separation at a given incidence depends on the intake geometric features.
A Study on the Health Care Utilization in Korea (1986)

A Nationwide health care utilization survey was conducted from March 11 to September 19, 1985 to assess the level of illness and the magnitude of medical care utilization. A probability sample of 15,427 persons was taken from 180 Enumerated Districts designated by the Economic Planning Board. Of those 4,500 housewives were proxy respondents. A interview was conducted with pre-tested questionnaire schedule which was recorded by well trained interviewers. Age and sex compositions of the study population were similar to those of general population structure in 1985. The major findings of this survey are as follows : 1) A total of 64.5% of the study population lived in city area and 35.5% lived in county area. 2) While no difference was observed in interview rate between city and county area, it showed statistically significant difference in the medical security program coverage rate between the two areas(44.7% and 37.1%, respectively) 3) Morbidity rate was 79 per 1,000 persons during the two week periods. There was difference in age and sex adjusted morbidity rates between city and county area. Furthermore morbidity rates by the status of the program were significantly difference between the two areas. 4) Average ambulatory care utilization rate was 7.2 visits per person per year and average admission rate was 1.8 per 100 persons per year. There was significant difference in average ambulatory care utilization rate by the program. but no significant difference in medical utilization rate between city and country area. 5) The major symptoms of the perceived illness was the respiratory system(44.1%). 6) A total of 50.4% of the perceived illness among the covered group by the program were treated at the hospital and clinics, but those who are not covered used primarily drug stores(61.3%).
A bit loading technique with reduced complexity for periodically time varying PLC channel (2015)

This paper focuses on a novel bit loading technique that is capable of reducing the computational complexity associated with the resource allocation in power line communication (PLC) system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme. Basically, the proposed technique exploits the existing connection among microslots within one cycle and/or among consecutive cycles of the mains signal to trade computational complexity with data-rate when the channel is periodically time varying. Numerical results, which are based on measured data set, reveal considerable computational complexity savings with low probability of data-rate loss ratio and, as a consequence, the proposed technique can be useful to reduce hardware resource utilization in PLC transceiver based on OFDM scheme for in-home scenario.
A Cell Line for Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B (2017)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) type A and type B are commonly used as biopharmaceutics for neurological diseases, uniquely allowing months-long paralysis of target muscles. Their exquisite neuronal specificity is conferred by a multistep process of binding, internalization, cytosolic escape and cleavage of the neuron-specific proteins, SNAP-25 and vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs), ultimately to inhibit secretion of neurotransmitters. Currently the mouse lethality bioassay is the only available method for quality control testing of VAMP-cleaving botulinum products. Refined assays for botulinum product testing are urgently needed. Specifically, <i>in vitro</i> replacement assays which can account for all steps of BoNT intoxication are in high demand. Here, we describe a novel SiMa cell-based approach where re-engineering of the VAMP molecule allows detection of all BoNT/B intoxication steps using a luminescent enzymatic reaction with sensitivity comparable to mouse LD<sub>50</sub> bioassay. The presented one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay meets 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of animals) objectives, is user-friendly and will accelerate development of new botulinum drugs. The sensitive enzymatic reporter cell line could also be adapted for the detection of toxin activity during the manufacture of botulinum and tetanus vaccines.
Human Fetal Lens Epithelial Cells in Culture: An<i>in vitro</i>Model for the Study of Crystallin Expression and Lens Differentiation (1989)

We have cultured and passaged human fetal lens epithelial cells. Cultured cells exhibited hexagonal, cuboidal shape typical of epithelial cells. Unlike previous observations made with cultured mammalian lens epithelial cells, indirect immunofluorescence and temporal analysis of 35S-labeled proteins demonstrated undiminished levels of alpha B-crystallin in primary, secondary, and tertiary cultures. Among the alpha-crystallins only alpha B synthesis was detected. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated the presence of alpha B2 and no alpha B1. beta B2-crystallin, a fiber cell specific protein hardly detectable in primary cultures, increased significantly upon passaging. Human fetal lens epithelial cell cultures, described in this report, thus present a useful in vitro model for the study of lens epithelial cell differentiation and its pathological manifestations.
Protograph LDPC Codes with Node Degrees at Least 3 (2006)

In this paper we present protograph codes with a small number of degree-3 nodes and one high degree node. The iterative decoding threshold for proposed rate 1/2 codes are lower, by about 0.2 dB, than the best known irregular LDPC codes with degree at least 3. The main motivation is to gain linear minimum distance to achieve low error floor. Also to construct rate-compatible protograph-based LDPC codes for fixed block length that simultaneously achieves low iterative decoding threshold and linear minimum distance. We start with a rate 1/2 protograph LDPC code with degree-3 nodes and one high degree node. Higher rate codes are obtained by connecting check nodes with degree-2 non-transmitted nodes. This is equivalent to constraint combining in the protograph. The condition where all constraints are combined corresponds to the highest rate code. This constraint must be connected to nodes of degree at least three for the graph to have linear minimum distance. Thus having node degree at least 3 for rate 1/2 guarantees linear minimum distance property to be preserved for higher rates. Through examples we show that the iterative decoding threshold as low as 0.544 dB can be achieved for small protographs with node degrees at least three. A family of low- to high-rate codes with minimum distance linearly increasing in block size and with capacity-approaching performance thresholds is presented. FPGA simulation results for a few example codes show that the proposed codes perform as predicted.
Interpretation of Partitioning Interwell Tracer Tests Using EnKF with Coarse Scale Constraints (2009)

Abstract The success of enhanced recovery processes depends largely on the accurate characterization of the location and distribution of the target oil. The Partitioning Interwell Tracer Test (PITT) is designed to identify the residual oil saturation during waterflooding. In this test a conservative and a partitioning tracer are injected into the reservoir. The conservative tracer travels with the water phase whereas the partitioning tracer dissolves in both water and oil. The separation between the conservative and the partitioning tracer at the producer can be used to infer the residual oil saturation distribution. The interpretation of partitioning tracer tests in the presence of mobile oil is considerably more difficult because the separation of the tracer response depends not only on the partitioning coefficients but also on the spatial distribution of the saturation itself. We propose a two-stage Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) that utilizes the tracer data in conjunction with coarse-scale saturation constraints to identify the fine-scale saturation distribution and associated uncertainties. The coarse-scale saturation distribution can be conveniently obtained via an inversion of the waterflood response, for example water-cut data at the producers. The tracer data are first used to condition the ensemble of fine scale model realizations which are further improved via the coarse-scale constraint. The scale-decomposition of the inverse problem significantly improves the performance of the EnKF and prevents filter divergence as more data are assimilated. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using two and three-dimensional examples. First, we derive the coarse-scale saturation from a streamline-based inversion of the waterflood response. Next, the two-stage EnKF is used to interpret the PITT using the coarse-scale saturation constraint. A performance comparison of our proposed approach with the standard EnKF clearly indicates better characterization of the reservoir heterogeneities and improved estimates of the spatial distribution of bypassed oil.
Cross-Field Joint Image Restoration via Scale Map (2013)

Color, infrared, and flash images captured in different fields can be employed to effectively eliminate noise and other visual artifacts. We propose a two-image restoration framework considering input images in different fields, for example, one noisy color image and one dark-flashed near infrared image. The major issue in such a framework is to handle structure divergence and find commonly usable edges and smooth transition for visually compelling image reconstruction. We introduce a scale map as a competent representation to explicitly model derivative-level confidence and propose new functions and a numerical solver to effectively infer it following new structural observations. Our method is general and shows a principled way for cross-field restoration.
On the optimal rate allocation for layered video multicast (2002)

Layered transmission has been recommended as one of the solutions to the inherent heterogeneity problem of video multicast over the Internet. Unlike traditional sender-driven adaptation schemes, current layered multicast protocols usually use distributed control algorithms which perform adaptation on the receiver side. With the assumption that the layer rates are fixed, the control granularity of such protocols is considerably coarse and there is usually a mismatch between the fixed rates and the requirements of the receivers. We argue that dynamically allocating layer rates by the sender can minimize this mismatch. We study the optimization criteria for layer rate allocation, and propose a novel metric, application-aware fairness index, to fairly reflect the degree of the receiver's satisfaction. We then formulate the problem of optimal allocation for heterogeneous receivers, and derive an efficient algorithm for solving it. The algorithm is highly scalable and outperforms the traditional static allocation schemes by 10% or more.
Immunogenicity of clinically relevant SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in nonhuman primates and humans (2021)

Multiple preventive vaccines are being developed to counter the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The leading candidates have now been evaluated in nonhuman primates (NHPs) and human phase 1 and/or phase 2 clinical trials. Several vaccines have already advanced into phase 3 efficacy trials, while others will do so before the end of 2020. Here, we summarize what is known of the antibody and T cell immunogenicity of these vaccines in NHPs and humans. To the extent possible, we compare how the vaccines have performed, taking into account the use of different assays to assess immunogenicity and inconsistencies in how the resulting data are presented. We also review the outcome of challenge experiments with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in immunized macaques, while noting variations in the protocols used, including but not limited to the virus challenge doses. Press releases on the outcomes of vaccine efficacy trials are also summarized.
Fact‐oriented modelling for data analysis (1992)

Abstract. Although entity‐relationship modelling is the most popular means of specifying the conceptual schema for the data perspective of an information system, an alternative design approach known as fact‐oriented modelling appears to offer advantages. This paper provides an overview of fact‐oriented modelling, including some recent revisions and an evaluation of how the method has coped with large‐scale practical applications. One distinguishing feature of the approach is its emphasis on natural verbalization of information examples in terms of elementary facts. This notion of elementarity is clarified to cater for a problematic case involving compositely identified object types. Finally, the algorithm for mapping a conceptual to a relational schema is revised to cater for lazy object types.
Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing Deoxycytidyl-Deoxyguanosine Dinucleotides (CpG ODNs) and Modified Analogs as Novel Anticancer Therapeutics (2005)

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine dinucleotides (CpG ODNs) activate the host immune system, leading to innate and acquired immune responses. The immune stimulatory effects of CpG ODNs are being exploited as a novel therapeutic approach to treatment of human diseases, and some CpG ODNs are being evaluated in clinical trials. The cellular recognition of CpG motifs requires the presence of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which triggers cell signaling and immune responses. There are three main types of first-generation CpG ODNs, which mimic the immunostimulatory activity of bacterial DNA and are recognized by TLR9, A-, B- and C-Class ODNs. Although all three CpG ODN classes stimulate TLR9-dependent signaling, there are striking differences in the cell types they activate and their dose-dependent immunostimulatory efficacy. Second-generation CpG ODNs, with advanced nucleic acid chemistry and unique modifications to their sequences and structures are being developed. Medicinal chemistry studies suggest that the immunomodulatory activity of CpG ODNs can be altered by site-specific incorporation of modifications in order to develop disease-specific drugs. Both first- and second-generation CpG ODNs have potential for treatment of various human diseases, such as infections, immunodeficiencies, and cancers. This article will focus on the recent advances in developing CpG ODNs as novel anti-cancer therapeutic agents.
Statistical Modelling Of Full Frame Dct Coefficients (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Experimental investigation of the gain flatness characteristics for 1.55 /spl mu/m erbium-doped fluoride fiber amplifiers (1994)

The flat gain over a broad spectral width offered by fluoride-based Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) appears very attractive for wavelength-multiplex systems operating near 1550 nm. The relevant parameters (input pump and signal powers, fiber length) that determine the gain flatness characteristics of fluoride-based EDFA have been experimentally investigated. It is found that hat gain operation requires an optimal, though not critical, population inversion within the doped fiber, which is somewhat lower than the maximum population inversion achievable with 1.48 μm-pumping. Implications on the design and operating conditions of fluoride-based EDFA are discussed.
Understanding the antagonism of retinoblastoma protein dephosphorylation by PNUTS provides insights into the PP1 regulatory code (2014)

The serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) dephosphorylates hundreds of key biological targets by associating with nearly 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes. However, how these proteins direct PP1 specificity and the ability to predict how these PP1 interacting proteins bind PP1 from sequence alone is still missing. PP1 nuclear targeting subunit (PNUTS) is a PP1 targeting protein that, with PP1, plays a central role in the nucleus, where it regulates chromatin decondensation, RNA processing, and the phosphorylation state of fundamental cell cycle proteins, including the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), p53, and MDM2. The molecular function of PNUTS in these processes is completely unknown. Here, we show that PNUTS, which is intrinsically disordered in its free form, interacts strongly with PP1 in a highly extended manner. Unexpectedly, PNUTS blocks one of PP1's substrate binding grooves while leaving the active site accessible. This interaction site, which we have named the arginine site, allowed us to define unique PP1 binding motifs, which advances our ability to predict how more than a quarter of the known PP1 regulators bind PP1. Additionally, the structure shows how PNUTS inhibits the PP1-mediated dephosphorylation of critical substrates, especially Rb, by blocking their binding sites on PP1, insights that are providing strategies for selectively enhancing Rb activity.