gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rubber-Thermoplastic Compositions. Part II. NBR-Nylon Thermoplastic Elastomeric Compositions (1980)

Abstract Thermoplastic elaslomeric compositions based on crosslinked NBR and nylon can be produced. A variety of nylons of differing melting points and NBR's of differing AN contents can be used in a broad range of proportions. The compositions can be further altered by the incorporation of fillers and plasticizers. The work indicates that a number of types of nylon-NBR based clastomeric materials, fabricable as thermoplastics and exhibiting good strength and excellent hot oil resistance, can be produced in a range of hardnesses.
Instrumentation System for Variable Depth Tillage (2003)

Variable depth tillage has the potential for economical and environmental benefits to modern cropproduction. Varying depth according to local soil conditions prevents the waste of energy andpreserves soil ecology. A proposed instrumentation system is based on a conventional straightstandard for deep soil tillage. It allows real-time assessment of variation of soil mechanical resistancewith depth, and can serve as a guidance sensor for proper tillage depth adjustment. Two linearpressure distribution models were used to predict the depth of a soil layer with local maximum ofmechanical resistance (hard pan).
III-V/silicon photonic integrated circuits for FTTH and on-chip optical interconnects (2010)

In this paper we review our work in the field of heterogeneous III-V semiconductor/silicon photonic integrated circuits for application in Fiber-to-the-Home optical access networks and chip-scale optical interconnects.Several optical and opto-electronic components realized on this platform are described.The fabrication of the silicon waveguide structures is done in a CMOS pilot line on 200mm wafers.
Adaptive OFDM synchronization using quadratic search step sizes (2015)

Conventional blind joint symbol time offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimators for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are high in computational complexity, which increases power consumption and reduces the lifetime of the communications device. In this paper, a novel, real-time, low complexity, blind, and adaptive synchronization algorithm for OFDM systems is presented. It is shown through simulation that the proposed estimator performs better than previously proposed adaptive and conventional non-adaptive algorithms in terms of mean squared error (MSE) once the algorithm has converged, has quicker convergence times than previously proposed adaptive algorithms, and is robust to both small and large changes in STO.
A restoration algorithm for P‐32 and Y‐90 bremsstrahlung emission nuclear imaging: A wavelet‐neural network approach (1996)

A novel wavelet-based neural network (WNN) filter is proposed for image restoration as required for imaging of beta emitters by bremsstrahlung detection using a gamma camera. Quantitative imaging of beta emitters is important for the in vivo management of antibody therapy using either P-32 or Y-90. The theoretical basis for the general case for M-channel multiresolution wavelet decomposition of the nuclear image into different subimages is developed with the objective of isolating the signal from noise. A modified Hopfield neural network (NN) architecture is then used for multichannel image restoration using the dominant signal subimages. The NN model avoids the common inverse problem associated with other image restoration filters such as the Wiener filter. The relative performance of the WNN for image restoration, for M = 2 channel, is compared to a previously reported order statistic neural network hybrid (OSNNH) filter. Initially simulated degraded images of known structures with different noise levels are used. Quantitative metrics such as the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are used to compare filter performance. The WNN yields comparable results for image restoration with suggested slightly better performance for the images with higher noise levels as often encountered in bremsstrahlung detection. Attenuation measurements were performed using two radionuclides, 32P and 90Y as required for calibration of the gamma camera for quantitative measurements. Similar values for an effective attenuation coefficient were observed for the restored images using the OSNNH filters (32P: mu = 0.122 cm-1, 90Y: mu = 0.135 cm-1) and WNN (32P: mu = 0.122 cm-1, 90Y: mu = 0.135 cm-1) filters with slightly higher values obtained for the raw data (32P: mu = 0.142 cm-1, 90Y: mu = 0.142 cm-1) for a 3.5-cm source size. The WNN, however, was computationally more efficient by a factor of 4 to 6 compared to the OSNNH filter. The filter architecture, in turn, is also optimum for parallel processing or VLSI implementation as required for planar and particularly for SPECT mode of detection.
The Structure of Human 5-Lipoxygenase (2011)

The synthesis of both proinflammatory leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory lipoxins requires the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). 5-LOX activity is short-lived, apparently in part because of an intrinsic instability of the enzyme. We identified a 5-LOX-specific destabilizing sequence that is involved in orienting the carboxyl terminus, which binds the catalytic iron. Here, we report the crystal structure at 2.4 angstrom resolution of human 5-LOX stabilized by replacement of this sequence.
Towards new NIR dyes for free radical photopolymerization processes (2021)

The use of cheap and safe near-infrared (NIR) light is still the subject of intense research efforts but remains a huge challenge due to the associated low photon energy (wavelength from 0.78 to 2.5 µm). In this study, a series of 17 NIR dyes mainly based on a well-established cyanine scaffold is proposed. Remarkably, 11 of them were never synthesized before. Markedly, noncharged structures, negatively charged cyanine bearing Na<sup>+</sup> as counter cation, and positively charged cyanines bearing (B(Ph)<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup>) or (I<sup>-</sup>) as counter anions were examined as promising NIR light photoinitiating systems. Excellent photoinitiating abilities were found for some reported dyes when used in combination with iodonium salt and amine. Markedly, photothermal effects with a huge heater behavior were also observed for different NIR dye structures. Interestingly, the synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs, e.g., for the polymerization of acrylate/epoxy monomer blends) can also be carried out upon NIR light with the proposed systems.
Watching the Watchers: Nonce-based Inverse Surveillance to Remotely Detect Monitoring (2020)

Internet users and service providers do not often know when traffic is being watched but desire a way to determine when, where, and by whom. We present NOISE, the Nonce Observatory for Inverse Surveillance of Eavesdroppers, a method and system that detects monitoring by disseminating nonces - unique, pseudorandom values - in traffic and seeing if they are acted upon unexpectedly, indicating that the nonce-laden traffic is being monitored. Specifically, we embed 64-bit nonces innocuously into IPv6 addresses and disseminate these nonces Internet-wide using a modified traceroute-like tool that makes each outbound probe's source address unique. We continually monitor for subsequent nonce propagation, i.e., activity or interest involving these nonces, e.g., via packet capture on our system's infrastructure. Across three experiments and four months, NOISE detects monitoring more than 200k times, ostensibly in 268 networks, for probes destined for 437 networks. Our results reveal: (a) data collection for security incident handling, (b) traffic information being shared with third parties, and (c) eavesdropping in or near a large commercial peering exchange.
Airflow Assisted Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing: An Advanced Micro-Additive Manufacturing Technique (2015)

Electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing is a growing technology for high resolution (<20μm) printing. It enjoys the advantages of other additive manufacturing technologies and is compatible with a large range of materials. E-jet applications include electronic fabrication, high-resolution prototyping, and bio-medical devices. Despite the diverse range of applications, e-jet printing dynamics are sensitive to varying standoff heights and changing electric fields. As such, conventional e-jet printing generally consists of a conductive nozzle printing onto a flat, conductive substrate. To address this limitation, this paper presents an airflow assisted e-jet printhead that is shown to greatly reduce the substrate effects while providing good printing resolution (<15μm). The working principle and design challenges are provided. Experimental demonstrations validate the performance capabilities of the modified e-jet printhead.
Modeling and coding of DFD using dense motion fields in video compression (2002)

We presents a method for encoding the displaced frame difference (DFD) that rounds out our continuing study on video compression using dense motion fields. The main idea of the DFD coding strategy is to utilize the more dense and thus accurate motion field to predict where the sparse but significant DFD energy is located. This leads to a more efficient DFD encoder compared to applying traditional still-image coding techniques. Furthermore, the dense motion field framework allows us to refine and tailor the motion estimation process such that the resulting DFD frame is easier to encode. Simulations demonstrate superior performance against standard block-based coders, with greater advantages for sequences with more complex motion.
Modern magnetostrictive materials (2001)

Two classes of magnetostrictive materials are emerging which can strongly impact magnetomechanical transduction and high-stress antivibration systems. One class utilizes highly magnetostrictive rare earths with anisotropic 4f electron shells. The second class is based upon α−Fe, with substitutions of nonmagnetic Ga and Al for Fe. The first class contains three distinct types of materials: (a) hexagonal Tb1−xDyx alloys, (b) cubic CsCl type Tb1−xDyxZn alloys, and (c) cubic Laves phase Terfenol alloys. While the first two types produce extraordinarily high magnetostrictions only at cryogenic temperatures, Terfenol alloys exhibit large magnetostrictions (&gt;1000 ppm) at 200&lt;th&gt;°C and above. This paper will focus on recent measurements on low-hysteresis Terfenol-DH alloys taken between −40&lt;th&gt;°C–+80&lt;th&gt;°C. The new class of promising high-strength, low-cost, Fe-based alloys will also be introduced. Here the emphasis is on the development of a ductile, high tensile-strength material with high strains (&gt;300 ppm ), high relative permeabilities (&gt;100), and low excitation fields (&lt;300 Oe) under high loads. Magnetostriction, magnetization and elastic constant measurements as a function of stress and magnetic field will be presented. Values of piezomagnetic constants and coupling factors, calculated from these measurements, will be included. [Work supported by ONR.]
Nucleoside Conjugates. 15. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Anti-HIV Nucleoside Conjugates of Ether and Thioether Phospholipids (1996)

A series of the anti-HIV nucleoside conjugates of either (1-O-alkyl) and thioether (1-S-alkyl) lipids linked by a pyrophosphate diester bond has been synthesized as micelle-forming prodrugs of the nucleosides to improve their therapeutic efficiency. These include AZT 5'-diphosphate-rac-1-S-octadecyl-2-O-palmitoyl-1-thioglycerol (1), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine 5'-diphosphate-rac-1-S-octadecyl-2-O-palmitoyl-1-thioglycerol (2) 2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate-rac-1-S-octadecyl-2-O-palmitoyl-1-thioglycerol (3), and AZT 5'-diphosphate-rac-1-O-tetradecyl-2-O-palmitoylglycerol (4). The conjugates form micelles by sonication (mean diameters ranging 6.8-55.5 nm). Conjugate 1 protected 80% of HIV-infected CEM cells as low as 0.58 microM and lost the protection at 180 microM due to prevailing cytotoxicity, while the conjugate started to show the cytotoxicity at 100 microM. Pharmacokinetics studies showed a significant increase of half-life values (t1/2) of AZT and AZddU2 (respective t1/2 = 5.69 and 6.5 h) after administration of conjugates 1 and 2, while those after administration of AZT and AZddU were 0.28 and 0.89 h, respectively. The fractions of the prodrugs 1 and 2 converted to the parent compounds AZT and AZddU were 36% and 55%, respectively. The results indicate that AZT and AZddU thioether lipid conjugates 1 and 2 warrant further investigation.
Embedded color coding for scalable 3D wavelet video compression (2000)

With the recent expansion of multimedia applications, video coding systems are expected to become highly scalable, that is to allow partial decoding of the compressed bit-stream. Encoding techniques based on subband/wavelet decompositions offer a natural hierarchical representation for still pictures and their high efficiency in progressively encoding images yields a scalable representation. The multiscale representation can be extended to video data, by a 3D (or 2D+t) wavelet analysis, which includes the temporal dimension within the decomposition. Progressive encoding of video data represented by a 3D-subband decomposition was recently proposed as an extension of image coding techniques exploiting hierarchical dependencies between wavelet coefficients. In most of the previous image and video coding techniques, the compression is performed independently for luminance and chrominance coordinates. In this paper we propose a new coding technique for the chrominance coefficients, which not only delivers a bit-stream with a higher degree of embedding, but also takes advantage of the dependencies between luminance and chrominance components to provide an effective compression.
Development and construction of a neutron beam line for accelerator‐based boron neutron capture synovectomy (2000)

A potential application of the 10B(n, alpha)7Li nuclear reaction for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, termed Boron Neutron Capture Synovectomy (BNCS), is under investigation. In an arthritic joint, the synovial lining becomes inflamed and is a source of great pain and discomfort for the afflicted patient. The goal of BNCS is to ablate the synovium, thereby eliminating the symptoms of the arthritis. A BNCS treatment would consist of an intra-articular injection of boron followed by neutron irradiation of the joint. Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations have been used to develop an accelerator-based epithermal neutron beam line for BNCS treatments. The model includes a moderator/reflector assembly, neutron producing target, target cooling system, and arthritic joint phantom. Single and parallel opposed beam irradiations have been modeled for the human knee, human finger, and rabbit knee joints. Additional reflectors, placed to the side and back of the joint, have been added to the model and have been shown to improve treatment times and skin doses by about a factor of 2. Several neutron-producing charged particle reactions have been examined for BNCS, including the 9Be(p,n) reaction at proton energies of 4 and 3.7 MeV, the 9Be(d,n) reaction at deuteron energies of 1.5 and 2.6 MeV, and the 7Li(p,n) reaction at a proton energy of 2.5 MeV. For an accelerator beam current of 1 mA and synovial boron uptake of 1000 ppm, the time to deliver a therapy dose of 10,000 RBEcGy ranges from 3 to 48 min, depending on the treated joint and the neutron producing charged particle reaction. The whole-body effective dose that a human would incur during a knee treatment has been estimated to be 3.6 rem or 0.75 rem, for 1000 ppm or 19,000 ppm synovial boron uptake, respectively, although the shielding configuration has not yet been optimized. The Monte Carlo design process culminated in the construction, installation, and testing of a dedicated BNCS beam line on the high-current tandem electrostatic accelerator at the Laboratory for Accelerator Beam Applications at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Polarization-maintaining fiber for guiding light in large-effective-area higher-order-modes (2017)

We present a polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber for higher-order optical modes (HOMs) with effective area 1200–2800 µm2. The LP08(LP01) mode exhibits a birefringence of 1.8×10-4(2.4×10-4), and propagates with 13(23) dB polarization-extinction ratio over 1(1.3) m.
Firmato: a novel firewall management toolkit (2003)

In recent years, packet filtering firewalls have seen some impressive technological advances (e.g., stateful inspection, transparency, performance, etc.) and widespread deployment. In contrast, firewall and security management technology is lacking. We present Firmato, a firewall management toolkit, with the following distinguishing properties and components: (1) an entity relationship model containing, in a unified form, global knowledge of the security policy and of the network topology; (2) a model definition language, which we use as an interface to define an instance of the entity relationship model; (3) a model compiler translating the global knowledge of the model into firewall-specific configuration files; and (4) a graphical firewall rule illustrator. We demonstrate Firmato's capabilities on a realistic example, thus showing that firewall management can be done successfully at an appropriate level of abstraction. We implemented our toolkit to work with a commercially available firewall product. We believe that our approach is an important step towards streamlining the process of configuring and managing firewalls, especially in complex, multi firewall installations.
Inhibition by Z-Pro-D-Leu of development of tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine in mice. (1978)

The peptide-Z-Pro-D-Leu, injected daily in mice receiving morphine chronically, was found to prevent development of physical dependence as measured by changes in body temperature and body weight due either to abrupt or to naloxone-induced withdrawal. On the other hand, administration of Z-Pro-D-Leu only on the last day of morphine treatment did not alter the overt signs of withdrawal. Daily administration of Z-Pro-D-Leu was also effective in blocking the development of tolerance to the analgesic and the hypothermic effects of subsequent challenge doses of morphine. However, the peptide treatment did not alter the acute effects of a challenge dose of morphine on either analgesia or body temperature. No effects on memory were noted, as evaluated in a one-trial passive avoidance task. Clinical implications of the use of Z-Pro-D-Leu are discussed.
Shape-Morphing Space Frame (SMSF) Using Linear Bistable Elements (2015)

This paper presents a new concept: a Shape-Morphing Space Frame (SMSF), which is a novel application utilizing the Linear Bistable Compliant Crank-Slider Mechanism (LBCCSM). The frame’s initial shape is constructed from a single-layer grid of flexures, rigid links and LBCCSMs. The grid is bent into the space frame’s initial cylindrical shape, which can morph because of the inclusion of LBCCSMs in its structure. The design parameters consist of the frame’s initial height, its tessellation pattern (including bistable elements’ placement), its initial diameter, and the final desired shape. The method used in placing the bistable elements is a novel contribution to this work as it considers the principle stress trajectories. This paper will present two different examples of Shape-Morphing Space Frames, each starting from a cylindrical-shell space frame and morphing, one to a hyperbolic-shell space frame and the other to a spherical-shell space frame, both morphing by applying moments, which shear the cylindrical shell, and forces, which change the cylinder’s radius using Poisson’s effect.
Synthesis and properties of phosphorus containing advanced epoxy resins (2000)

A series of advanced epoxy resins with various epoxy equivalent weights were synthesized from a reactive phosphorus-containing diol, 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-dihydroxy phenylene and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and then cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, phenol novolac, or dicyandiamide. The parameters of the polymerization reaction (such as reaction time, catalyst) are discussed in this article. Thermal properties of cured epoxy resins were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The flame retardancy of cured epoxy resins was tested by limiting oxygen index. The relations between thermal properties, flame retardancy, and epoxy equivalent weights were also studied. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 429–436, 2000
Securing Network-on-Chip Using Incremental Cryptography (2020)

Network-on-chip (NoC) has become the standard communication fabric for on-chip components in modern System-on-chip (SoC) designs. Since NoC has visibility to all communications in the SoC, it has been one of the primary targets for security attacks. While packet encryption can provide secure communication, it can introduce unacceptable energy and performance overhead due to the resource-constrained nature of SoC designs. In this paper, we propose a lightweight encryption scheme that is implemented on the network interface. Our approach improves the performance of encryption without compromising security using incremental cryptography, which exploits the unique NoC traffic characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed approach significantly (up to 57%, 30% on average) reduces the encryption time compared to traditional approaches with negligible (less than 2%) impact on area overhead.
Evaluation of a Novel Thermal Accelerant for Augmentation of Microwave Energy during Image-guided Tumor Ablation (2017)

The primary challenge in thermal ablation of liver tumors (e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic colorectal cancer) is the relatively high recurrence rate (~30%) for which incomplete ablation at the periphery of the tumor is the most common reason. In an attempt to overcome this, we have developed a novel thermal accelerant (TA) agent capable of augmenting microwave energy from a distance normally unattainable by a single microwave ablation antenna. This cesium-based block co-polymer compound transforms from a liquid to a gel at body temperature and is intrinsically visible by computed tomography. Using an agarose phantom model, herein we demonstrate that both the rate and magnitude of temperature increase during microwave ablation were significantly greater in the presence of TA when compared with controls. These results suggest robust augmentation of microwave energy, and may translate into larger ablation zone volumes within biologic tissues. Further work using <i>in vivo</i> techniques is necessary to confirm these findings.