gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of c-fos and c-myc Proto-oncogene Expression by Epidermal Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor α Is Calcium-independent (1989)

Intracellular calcium has been proposed to be an important mediator of signal transduction by various growth factors. We have studied the role of intracellular calcium in the mitogenic stimulation of C3H 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts by epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha. We have found that both these peptides can cause a marked, transient increase in intracellular calcium levels. This rise occurs only in the presence of extracellular calcium. However, this calcium transient is not involved in the accumulation of c-fos and c-myc mRNAs which are elicited by these growth factors, since mRNA induction is observed to an equivalent degree in the absence or presence of extracellular calcium. These results demonstrate that although these growth factors cause an increase in intracellular calcium, the calcium second messenger system is not responsible for the induction of c-fos and c-myc mRNAs in C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts.
Measuring Pain in Pediatric Oncology ICU Patients (1994)

Thirty patients (ages 5 to 13) hospitalized in a pediatric oncology intensive care unit (ICU) rated the presence and severity of their pain on the Faces Pain Scale (FPS) and the Poker Chip Tool (PCT). Parents independently rated the child's pain on these scales and each patient's nurse completed the Objective Pain Scale (OPS). Patients' ratings on the FPS correlated significantly with parents' ratings on this scale (tau = .48, P = .002) but not on the PCT (tau = .23, P = .16). Nurses' ratings on the OPS were moderately correlated with patients' FPS ratings (tau = .37, P = .02) but were only weakly associated with PCT ratings (tau = .27, P = .09). The majority of patients, parents, and nurses expressed a preference for the FPS over the PCT. The FPS appears to be a clinically useful and accurate approach for measuring the pain of pediatric oncology patients in an ICU but is limited to those who can participate in a self-report measurement.
Thermal Vaporization of Biological Nanoparticles:  Fragment-Free Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization Mass Spectra of Tryptophan, Phenylalanine−Glycine−Glycine, and β-Carotene (2005)

A simple, new way to introduce fragile biomolecules into the gas phase via thermal vaporization of nanoparticles is described. The general utility of this technique for the study of biomolecules is demonstrated by coupling this source to tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet radiation. Fragment-free photoionization mass spectra of tryptophan, phenylalanine-glycine-glycine, and beta-carotene are detected with signal-to-noise ratios exceeding 100. The 8.0 eV photoionization mass spectrum of tryptophan nanoparticles vaporized at 373 K is dominated by a single parent ion peak that exhibits a 20-fold enhancement over the methylene indole fragment ion. The degree of dissociative photoionization of tryptophan can be precisely controlled either by the thermal energy imparted into the neutral tryptophan molecule or by the energy of the ionizing photon. The results reveal how approximately 0.5 eV changes in internal energy affect both the photoionization mass spectrum of tryptophan and the appearance energy of the daughter ion fragments. This method allows the ionization energies of glycine (9.3 +/- 0.1 eV), tryptophan (7.3 +/- 0.2 eV), phenylalanine (8.6 +/- 0.1 eV), phenylalanine-glycine-glycine (9.1 +/- 0.1 eV), and beta-carotene (<7.0 eV) molecules to be determined directly from the photoionization efficiency spectra.
A Theory for Photometric Self-Calibration of Multiple Overlapping Projectors and Cameras (2006)

A theory for photometric calibration of cameras and multiple projectors with overlapping displays is presented. The theory is predominantly based on the analysis of isointensity curves in projector input state space curves which define different projector input intensity combinations that result in the same camera-observed pixel intensities. Three methods, which have different speed and accuracy tradeoffs, are proposed for recovering the projector-to-screen and screento- camera intensity transfer functions. The methods do not require a specific parametric model for the shapes of these functions, nor impose any smoothness constraints. Additional methods are described for calibrating projector offsets and binary light sources, and also extending the perpixel analysis to other pixels in the display. The methods do not require the use of expensive equipment, and may be carried out with a low dynamic range camera with minimal controls.
The Impact Of Loop Filter In Phase Locked Loop (2019)

Phase Lock Loop is one of the most essential techniques today and it is used for many different purposes. Typical cases are frequency synthesizer, radio receiver, clock recovery and FM demodulation. Especially as a frequency synthesizer, PLL is a core component in wireless communication devices. One of the most important components of the PLL is loop filter since it gives a decisive impact to the whole system operation. This thesis is focused on specifying the effect of loop filter by designing two different analog loop filters and comparing their outputs.\nThere are a lot of different loop filters that can be used for various PLL systems. Two representative loop filter models were selected, and they were designed to make proper operation with other components. Among many various types of PLL, this thesis covers the analog PLL, therefore loop filters were implemented on the printed circuit board with analog components. Pole and zero points were tried to be designed to be equal so that the other factors can be measured. Other analog components that construct PLL are from MiniCircuit. Hold-in, Pull-in range and phase noise were measured with spectrum analyzer. Especially, the method of hold-in range calculation is introduced and calculated and measured results are compared.\nWith suitable connections of components, whole PLL systems were implemented. The importance of loop filter is specified with the results although it presented considerable discrepancy between expected and practical results. Further studies might be improved by adding frequency divider on the feedback loop and measuring transient response that depends on the transfer function of the system. Designing loop filters with different pole and zero points would give some different results in the aspect of phase noise.
The effects of borrowing rates on intra-firm disequilibria between equity prices and CDS premiums – evidence from dynamic panel analysis. (2016)

Cointegration techniques are used to estimate the long run equilibrium relationship between a firm’s CDS premium and its equity price, for a panel of large-cap US firms. From these results, the estimated disequilibrium in daily CDS premiums, with respect to equity prices, is constructed. Dynamic panel methods are employed to show the importance of lagged changes in libor rates as determinants of the estimated disequilibrium. Evidence is found that the extent to which the markets deviate from equilibrium will increase as one-month libor rates rise, but, counter-intuitively, will decrease (return towards equilibrium) as longer term libor rates rise.
Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation: a <scp>E</scp>uropean consensus statement (2015)

Consensus was achieved on the majority of domains of SNS/SNM for FI and constipation. This should serve as a benchmark for safe and quality practice of SNS/SNM in Europe.
Clinical Adverse Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonists: Insights From the Meta‐Analysis of 4894 Patients From 24 Randomized Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trials (2016)

The present meta-analysis showed that the main adverse effects of treatment with ERAs were hepatic transaminitis (bosentan), peripheral edema (bosentan and ambrisentan), and anemia (bosentan and macitentan).
Immunoregulatory plasma lipoproteins. Role of apoprotein E and apoprotein B. (1980)

Plasma lipoproteins containing either the B (apo-B) or E (apo-E) apoproteins, e.g. apo-B low density lipoproteins (LDL) isolated from normolipemic humans and apo-E-containing cholesterol-induced high density lipoproteins (apo-E HDLc) isolated from cholesterol-fed dogs, suppress phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte activation and inhibit early events such as mitogen-enhanced 45Ca2+ accumulation and late events such as enhanced DNA synthesis. On a molar basis, apo-E HDLc are 3.5 times more effective than apo-B LDL in inhibiting 45Ca2+ accumulation by 50% and 3.8 times more effective than apo-B LDL in suppressing DNA synthesis by 50%. Both lipoproteins bind to the lymphocyte surface, and in competitive binding assays apo-E HDLc and apo-B LDL bind to the same receptors. These receptors, termed immunoregulatory receptors, comprise a homogeneous class of binding sites which do not act cooperatively. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for apo-B LDL is 2.0 X 10(-7) M at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C; the Kd for apo-E HDLc is 9.3 X 10(-8) M at 4 degrees C and 7.3 X 10(-8) M at 37 degrees C. At saturation, 16,000 and 20,000 LDL particles are bound/cell at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, respectively. The corresponding values for apo-E HDLc are 6,700 at 4 degrees C and 5,500 at 37 degrees C. The increased effectiveness of apo-E HDLc in supp]ressing the PHA-induced Ca2+ accumulation and DNA synthesis is due to the multiple receptor binding of apo-E HDLc. At 37 degrees C, each apo-E HDLc particle occupies multiple receptors at a ratio of 3.6:1 relative to apo-B LDL. The enhanced affinity of apo-E HDLc most likely results from the multiple interactions of this lipoprotein with the receptors.
Array shape calibration using sources in unknown locations--Part I: Far-field sources (1987)

This paper deals with source localization using a two-dimensional array of sensors whose locations are not known precisely. If only a single source is observed, uncertainties in sensor location increase errors in source bearing and range by an amount which is independent of signal-to-noise ratio and which can easily dominate over-all localization accuracy. Major performance gains could therefore result from successful calibration of array geometry. The paper derives Cramer-Rao bounds on calibration and source location accuracies achievable with far-field sources whose bearings are not initially known. The sources are assumed to radiate Gaussian noise and to be spectrally disjoint of each other. When the location of one sensor and the direction to a second sensor is known, three noncollinear sources are sufficient to calibrate sensor positions with errors which decrease to zero as calibrating source strength or time-bandwidth products tend to infinity. The sole exception to this statement is a nominally linear array for which such calibration is not possible. When one sensor location is known but no directional reference is available, three noncollinear sources can determine array shape, but there remains a residual error in angular orientation which is irremovable by the calibration procedure. When no sensor locations are known a priori, one adds to the residual error in rotation a translational component. In the far field, the latter should be unimportant. In addition to the asymptotic results, Cramer-Rao bounds are computed for finite signal-to-noise ratios and observation times. One finds that calibration permits significant reductions in localization errors for parameter values well within the practical range.
O2U-Net: A Simple Noisy Label Detection Approach for Deep Neural Networks (2019)

This paper proposes a novel noisy label detection approach, named O2U-net, for deep neural networks without human annotations. Different from prior work which requires specifically designed noise-robust loss functions or networks, O2U-net is easy to implement but effective. It only requires adjusting the hyper-parameters of the deep network to make its status transfer from overfitting to underfitting (O2U) cyclically. The losses of each sample are recorded during iterations. The higher the normalized average loss of a sample, the higher the probability of being noisy labels. O2U-net is naturally compatible with active learning and other human annotation approaches. This introduces extra flexibility for learning with noisy labels. We conduct sufficient experiments on multiple datasets in various settings. The experimental results prove the state-of-the-art of O2S-net.
Pulse-doped diamond p-channel metal semiconductor field-effect transistor (1995)

A p-type diamond metal semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) structure, utilizing a boron pulse-doped layer as the conducting channel, has been successfully fabricated. The pulse-doped structure consists of an undoped diamond buffer layer, a highly doped thin diamond active layer, and an undoped diamond cap layer grown by the microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition method. It is shown that this field-effect transistor with a gate length of 4 μm and the gate width of 39 μm exhibits an extrinsic transconductance of 116 μS/mm with both pinch-off characteristics and current saturation.
Algunas crucíferas interesantes para la flora de Granada (1988)

Rvsumcn: Morales Lorres-(
Multicriteria optimization of simulation models (1991)

The authors suggest a framework for the multicriteria optimization of simulation models by first discussing the unique difficulties of this problem area along with important problem characteristics, and then discussing the way that these problem characteristics would affect the choice of a particular technique. The problem of manufacturing system optimization is addressed. Various techniques, along with their advantages and disadvantages, are discussed and categorized according to the timing of the articulation of the required preference (tradeoff) information with respect to the optimization. >
Statistical Monitoring and Optimization of Electrochemical Machining using Shewhart Charts and Response Surface Methodology (2018)

The response surface methodology (RSM) and Shewhart control charts have been widely used in manufacturing to reduce variation, improve quality and optimize the output. This article proposes an application of individuals & moving range chart (I&MR) and RSM in electrochemical machining. The Shewhart-type I&MR control chart and RSM are combined together in an effective way to successfully guarantee the statistical control of the surface roughness (Ra) of the items produced by wire electrochemical turning, and meanwhile optimize Ra by exploring the optimal values of the machining parameters including applied voltage, wire feed rate, wire diameter, rotational speed and overlap distance. The conducted experiments reveal that the optimal values of the aforementioned factors are 23.67, 0.5, 0.2, 900 and 0.02, respectively. A second-order regression model is also developed to predict the output (Ra) at different combinations of the input parameters. The developed regression model can predict the output values with a determination coefficient (R2) of 96.9%. The proposed combined scheme of Shewhart charts and RSM can be employed in other manufacturing processes and even in different service sectors to efficiently enhance the performance and reduce the cost.
Resonantly photopumped lasing and its switching behavior in a photonic crystal nanolaser (2008)

A GaInAsP photonic crystal nanolaser was operated by resonant optical pumping in which the effective cavity area was selectively excited. The laser mode intensity was markedly enhanced when the pump wavelength was tuned to a higher-order cavity mode, and room-temperature continuous-wave lasing was obtained in the fundamental mode. Furthermore, the switching behavior due to a modal wavelength shift was clearly observed, suggesting the possibility of bistable operation, and so on.
Room Temperature Preparation and Optical Properties of Titania and Silica Thin Films Embodying Polymer-Protected Ultrafine Metal Particles at High Concentrations (1992)

Abstract Titania and silica glass thin films embodying Au and Pt ultrafine particles at the particle concentrations on the order of 1016 cm−3 are prepared thoroughly under ambient temperature and pressure by adding the liquid dispersion of the particles in the course of the sol-gel process. Changes in the reduction conditions vary the size of the Au particles giving the smallest mean diameter of 2.8 nm, and lead to the films showing the plasma absorption ranging from 530 to 620 nm and the absorption coefficients up to 1.0 × 103 cm−1.
Signaling Mechanisms of the D<sub>3</sub>Dopamine Receptor (2004)

A substantial body of evidence shows the capacity of the dopamine D3 receptor to couple functionally to G proteins when expressed in an appropriate milieu in heterologous expression systems. In these systems, activation of D3 receptors inhibits adenylate cyclase, modulates ion flow through potassium and calcium channels, and activates kinases, most notably mitogen-activated protein kinase. Coupling to Gi/Go is implicated in many of these effects, but other G proteins may contribute. Studies with chimeric receptors implicate the third intracellular loop in the mediation of agonist-induced signal transduction. Finally, D3-preferring drugs modulate expression of c-fos in neuronal cultures and brain. Signaling mechanisms of the D3 receptor in brain, however, remain to be definitively determined.
The Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Response Signature in Breast Carcinoma (2009)

Our data show that the CSF1 response signature is consistently seen in a subset of breast carcinomas and correlates with biological features of the tumor. Our findings provide insight into macrophage biology and may facilitate the development of personalized therapy for patients most likely to benefit from CSF1-targeted treatments.
Fused‐Ring Acceptors with Asymmetric Side Chains for High‐Performance Thick‐Film Organic Solar Cells (2017)

A kind of new fused-ring electron acceptor, IDT-OB, bearing asymmetric side chains, is synthesized for high-efficiency thick-film organic solar cells. The introduction of asymmetric side chains can increase the solubility of acceptor molecules, enable the acceptor molecules to pack closely in a dislocated way, and form favorable phase separation when blended with PBDB-T. As expected, PBDB-T:IDT-OB-based devices exhibit high and balanced hole and electron mobility and give a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.12%. More importantly, the IDT-OB-based devices are not very sensitive to the film thickness, a PCE of 9.17% can still be obtained even the thickness of active layer is up to 210 nm.
The multivariate beta process and an extension of the Polya tree model (2011)

We introduce a novel stochastic process that we term the multivariate beta process. The process is defined for modelling-dependent random probabilities and has beta marginal distributions. We use this process to define a probability model for a family of unknown distributions indexed by covariates. The marginal model for each distribution is a Polya tree prior. An important feature of the proposed prior is the easy centring of the nonparametric model around any parametric regression model. We use the model to implement nonparametric inference for survival distributions. The nonparametric model that we introduce can be adopted to extend the support of prior distributions for parametric regression models.
TimeRadarTrees: Visualizing Dynamic Compound Digraphs (2008)

Abstract The evolution of dependencies in information hierarchies can be modeled by sequences of compound digraphs with edge weights. In this paper we present a novel approach to visualize such sequences of graphs. It uses radial tree layout to draw the hierarchy, and circle sectors to represent the temporal change of edges in the digraphs. We have developed several interaction techniques that allow the users to explore the structural and temporal data. Smooth animations help them to track the transitions between views. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by examples from very different application domains.
A novel design of a MEMS solar cell based on microcantilever-photoinduced bending (2012)

Solar energy is one of the major sources of green renewable energy. Photovoltaic (PV) cells have the focus in researches for long time to improve its efficiency and reducing cost. This paper introduces a novel design of a micro solar cell based on MEMS device harvesting thermal and quantum components of solar energy converted into mechanical energy that converted into electrical energy. Even it is a double energy conversion process, the micro solar cell has simple design structure and less expensive compared to the conventional micro PV cell. This device can be used to power wireless micro sensors or as micro battery charger, while arrays of this device can be used for small scale generation.
Mechanisms of cytoskeletal regulation. Modulation of aortic endothelial cell spectrin by the extracellular matrix. (1984)

Endothelial cells have a complex cytoskeleton that is responsive to a variety of stimuli such as shear and desquamative injury. The extracellular matrix is known to influence several aspects of cellular behavior, including attachment, spreading, and migration and may, in part, initiate and control vascular responses in growth, differentiation, wound repair, and neoplasia. It is likely that linkage between surface receptors responsible for sensing the matrix and the cytoskeleton may be relevant to understanding the mechanisms of these responses. Spectrin is a high-molecular-weight heterodimer recently identified in many cells that appears to link surface receptors to cortical actin filaments. We have confirmed the existence of spectrin in cultured aortic endothelial cells by metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation and demonstrated that its organization and intracellular distribution is sensitive to the extracellular matrix. When bovine calf aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) are cultured to confluency on a fibronectin (Fn) substrate, they assume a flattened, spread morphology and exhibit a punctate spectrin distribution with no discernible peripheral localization. In contrast, BAECs cultured on a Type I/III collagen (I/III) substrate exhibit a fibrillar spectrin pattern with significant peripheral localization. When migrating cells were examined, the distribution of spectrin was strikingly different. The cells on the Fn substrate showed no changes in spectrin localization, whereas the cells on I/III exhibited a significant rearrangement, with spectrin being in a coarse fibrillar form, with the fibrils aligned parallel to the direction of migration. The differences in arrangement of this cytoskeletal component on the two substrata reflect the ability of the substrate to perturb the cytoskeletal organization and modulate some aspects of cell behavior such as spreading, proliferation, and migration. These data are consistent with the concept that the nonerythroid spectrins may function as transducers of information from membrane receptors to the cytoskeleton.