gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple instance learning for labeling faces in broadcasting news video (2005)

Labeling faces in news video with their names is an interesting research problem which was previously solved using supervised methods that demand significant user efforts on labeling training data. In this paper, we investigate a more challenging setting of the problem where there is no complete information on data labels. Specifically, by exploiting the uniqueness of a face's name, we formulate the problem as a special multi-instance learning (MIL) problem, namely exclusive MIL or eMIL problem, so that it can be tackled by a model trained with partial labeling information as the anonymity judgment of faces, which requires less user effort to collect. We propose two discriminative probabilistic learning methods named Exclusive Density (ED) and Iterative ED for eMIL problems. Experiments on the face labeling problem shows that the performance of the proposed approaches are superior to the traditional MIL algorithms and close to the performance achieved by supervised methods trained with complete data labels.
Ethylene Regulates Arabidopsis Development via the Modulation of DELLA Protein Growth Repressor Function (2003)

Phytohormones regulate plant development via a poorly understood signal response network. Here, we show that the phytohormone ethylene regulates plant development at least in part via alteration of the properties of DELLA protein nuclear growth repressors, a family of proteins first identified as gibberellin (GA) signaling components. This conclusion is based on the following experimental observations. First, ethylene inhibited Arabidopsis root growth in a DELLA-dependent manner. Second, ethylene delayed the GA-induced disappearance of the DELLA protein repressor of ga1-3 from root cell nuclei via a constitutive triple response-dependent signaling pathway. Third, the ethylene-promoted "apical hook" structure of etiolated seedling hypocotyls was dependent on the relief of DELLA-mediated growth restraint. Ethylene, auxin, and GA responses now can be attributed to effects on DELLA function, suggesting that DELLA plays a key integrative role in the phytohormone signal response network.
Synthesis of a biocopolymer carrageenan-g-poly(AAm-co-IA)/ montmorilonite superabsorbent hydrogel composite (2012)

A novel superabsorbent hydrogel composite based on kappa-carrageenan (κC) has been prepared via graft copolymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and itaconic acid (IA) monomers in the presence of montmorolonite clay powder, methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. Evidence of grafting and montmorolonite interaction was obtained by comparison of FTIR and TGA spectra of the initial substrates and the superabsorbent composite. A new absorption band at 1722 cm-1 in the composite spectrum confirmed montmorolonite-organic polymer linkages. Moreover, the morphology of the samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The swelling of the superabsorbing hydrogels was also examined in solutions with pH values ranging between 1.0 and 13.0. Finally, the swelling behavior of these composite polymers was investigated in various salt solutions. Results indicated that the swelling capacity decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the swelling medium. This behavior can be attributed to the charge screening effect of monovalent cations, as well as ionic crosslinking for multivalent cations.
Flexible Inkjet-Printed Triple Cation Perovskite X-ray Detectors (2020)

Flexible direct conversion X-ray detectors enable a variety of novel applications in medicine, industry, and science. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite semiconductors containing elements of high atomic number combine an efficient X-ray absorption with excellent charge transport properties. Due to their additional cost-effective and low-temperature processability, perovskite semiconductors represent promising candidates to be used as active materials in flexible X-ray detectors. Inspired by the promising results recently reported on X-ray detectors that are based on either triple cation perovskites or inkjet-printed perovskite quantum dots, we here investigate flexible inkjet-printed triple cation perovskite X-ray detectors. The performance of the detectors is evaluated by the X-ray sensitivity, the dark current, and the X-ray stability. Exposed to 70 kVp X-ray radiation, reproducible and highly competitive X-ray sensitivities of up to 59.9 μC/(Gy<sub>air</sub>cm<sup>2</sup>) at low operating voltages of 0.1 V are achieved. Furthermore, a significant dark current reduction is demonstrated in our detectors by replacing spin-coated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with sputtered NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> hole transport layers. Finally, stable operation of a flexible X-ray detector for a cumulative X-ray exposure of 4 Gy<sub>air</sub> is presented, and the applicability of our devices as X-ray imaging detectors is shown. The results of this study represent a proof of concept toward flexible direct conversion X-ray detectors realized by cost-effective and high-throughput digital inkjet printing.
Enhanced absorption and quantum efficiency in locally modified single-crystal Si (2002)

The experimental collection efficiency of a nanoscale Si-layered system formed around a buried amorphization is investigated. A self-consistent calculation that takes into account the number of photons removed in the front deactivated zone and those transmitted to deeper layers leads to the result that more than one electron per absorbed short-wavelength photon is collected in the active zone lying below a carrier collection limit. This result suggests that it could be possible to make an efficient third generation Si solar cell based on such a design on the condition that photocarriers generated in the surface zone be collected.
Housing: An infrastructure of care for older Australians (2018)

There is a growing housing crisis in Australian cities. Home ownership rates are falling and increasing numbers of households, particularly private renters and home purchasers, are in housing stress. Government Rent Assistance, Newstart and the Aged Pension have not kept pace with rises in rent. Social housing waiting lists are growing. Homelessness is increasing.
Neural precursors attenuate autoimmune encephalomyelitis by peripheral immunosuppression (2006)

IV administration of neural precursors inhibits EAE by a peripheral immunosuppressive effect. Our findings suggest a profound bystander inhibitory effect of NPCs on T-cell activation and proliferation in the lymph nodes, leading to amelioration of EAE.
Preparation and Performance of an Oil-Soluble Polyethylene Wax Particles Temporary Plugging Agent (2018)

In order to solve the problem of low strength, low permeability recovery rate, and narrow suitable temperature range of the oil-soluble temporary plugging agent, the idea of preparing the oil-soluble polyethylene wax particles temporary plugging agent (OPPTA) using polyethylene wax as the main raw material was proposed. Emulsifier and stabilizer were selected, and the dosage of emulsifier, stabilizer, and stirring speed was optimized. The method for preparing OPPTA was formed. The temporary plugging performance of OPPTA for the natural core was studied. The plugging rate and the recovery rate of core permeability after plugging removal of OPPTA were 99.9% and 90.1%, respectively. The temporary plugging performance of OPPTA was better than that of a conventional oil soluble temporary plugging agent W-11.
A sketch retrieval method for full color image database-query by visual example (2003)

Gives a basic idea and its fundamental algorithms of the visual interface for image database systems. The QVE (Query by Visual Example) accepts a sketch roughly drawn by a user to retrieve the original image and the similar images. The system evaluates the similarity between the rough sketch, i.e. a visual example, and each of the image data in the database automatically. The QVE interface is implemented and examined on an experimental electronic art gallery called ART MUSEUM. This paper also gives some experimental results and a current evaluation. The algorithms are quite effective for content based image retrieval.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Frequency modulated microrheology (2015)

Coupling analog frequency modulation (FM) to the driving stimulus in active microrheology measurements conducted with optical tweezers effectively parallelizes numerous single-frequency experiments. Consequently, frequency modulated microrheology (FMMR) can efficiently characterize the dynamic stress response of complex fluids over several frequency decades in a single experiment. The time required to complete an FMMR measurement scales with the lowest frequency probed, improving throughput over the serial frequency sweep approach. The ease of implementation, straight-forward data analysis and rapidity of FMMR offer particular utility toward applications such as characterization of non-equilibrium materials, automated microrheology instrumentation, high-throughput screening of biomaterials and (bio) pharmaceutical formulations, and in situ monitoring of chemical and biochemical reaction processes.
Concurrent progress of reprogramming and gene correction to overcome therapeutic limitation of mutant ALK2-iPSC (2016)

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) syndrome is caused by mutation of the gene ACVR1, encoding a constitutive active bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor (also called ALK2) to induce heterotopic ossification in the patient. To genetically correct it, we attempted to generate the mutant ALK2-iPSCs (mALK2-iPSCs) from FOP-human dermal fibroblasts. However, the mALK2 leads to inhibitory pluripotency maintenance, or impaired clonogenic potential after single-cell dissociation as an inevitable step, which applies gene-correction tools to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Thus, current iPSC-based gene therapy approach reveals a limitation that is not readily applicable to iPSCs with ALK2 mutation. Here we developed a simplified one-step procedure by simultaneously introducing reprogramming and gene-editing components into human fibroblasts derived from patient with FOP syndrome, and genetically treated it. The mixtures of reprogramming and gene-editing components are composed of reprogramming episomal vectors, CRISPR/Cas9-expressing vectors and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide harboring normal base to correct ALK2 c.617G>A. The one-step-mediated ALK2 gene-corrected iPSCs restored global gene expression pattern, as well as mineralization to the extent of normal iPSCs. This procedure not only helps save time, labor and costs but also opens up a new paradigm that is beyond the current application of gene-editing methodologies, which is hampered by inhibitory pluripotency-maintenance requirements, or vulnerability of single-cell-dissociated iPSCs.
[[The effect of cisapride on the neurogenic bladder]. (1990)

Cisapride (Prepulsid) is a new prokinetic drug of the gastrointestinal tract. It has indirect muscarinic parasympathicomimetic effects on the neuromuscular junction of smooth muscle that we also observed on the vesical function by four of the six patients presented in this study.
Improving Generative Visual Dialog by Answering Diverse Questions (2019)

Vishvak Murahari, Prithvijit Chattopadhyay, Dhruv Batra, Devi Parikh, Abhishek Das. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
A Combined Nutrient and Lactulose Challenge Test Allows Symptom-Based Clustering of Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2013)

The lactulose challenge test seems to be a promising tool to assess visceral sensitivity in IBS, and to subgroup IBS patients based on their symptom pattern.
Hb F Production in Stressed Erythropoiesis: Observations and Kinetic Modelsa<sup>a</sup> (1985)

The mechanism of stimulation of Hb F in stressed erythropoiesis is examined. Conditions known to produce a transient elevation of F-cells (acute anemia; acute expansion; treatment with cytotoxic compounds) have a common element, the acute kinetic perturbations of erythroid differentiation/maturation they trigger. Cell cycling must be shortened and the total time of differentiation (from BFUe to erythroblast) must be shortened. We propose that F-cells are formed either because of the shortening of erythroid differentiation time or because of shortening of cell cycle of erythroid cells. With the model of shortened differentiation time F-cell formation is attributed to "premature commitment" of progenitors. gamma-gene expression occurs either because chromatin changes that normally inactivate the gamma genes are not completed or because critical divisions in which the gamma genes are normally inactivated are skipped. The model of faster cycling explains F-cell formation by assuming that gamma-gene transcription is activated when the cycle (and especially the duration of G0/G1) of progenitors or erythroblasts falls below a critical time. The proposed models can readily explain the F-cells of the normal adult as the products of random deviation from normal erythroid kinetics. The two models can also explain F-cell formation in chronic erythropoietic stress (chronic hemolytic anemias, patients with hemoglobinopathies). Differences in the degree of F-cell elevation in such patients may reflect differences in the intensity of kinetic perturbation of their erythropoiesis.
A visualization of evolving clinical sentiment using vector representations of clinical notes (2015)

Our objective in this paper was to visualize the evolution of clinical language and sentiment with respect to several common population-level categories including: time in the hospital, age, mortality, gender and race. Our analysis utilized seven years of unstructured free text notes from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC) database. The text data was partitioned by category and used to generate several high dimensional vector space representations. We generated visualizations of the vector spaces using Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (tSNE) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We also investigated representative words from clusters in the vector space. Lastly, we inferred the general sentiment of the clinical notes toward each parameter by gauging the average distance between positive and negative keywords and all other terms in the space. We found intriguing differences in the sentiment of clinical notes over time, outcome, and demographic features. We noted a decrease in the homogeneity and complexity of clusters over time for patients with poor outcomes. We also found greater positive sentiment for females, unmarried patients, and patients of African ethnicity.
Thermally Optimum Spacing of Vertical, Natural Convection Cooled, Parallel Plates (1984)

While component dissipation patterns and system operating modes vary widely, many electronic packaging configurations can be modeled by symmetrically or asymmetrically isothermal or isoflux plates. The idealized configurations are amenable to analytic optimization based on maximizing total heat transfer per unit volume or unit primary area. To achieve this anlaytic optimization, however, it is necessary to develop composite relations for the variation of the heat transfer coefficient along the plate surfaces. The mathematical development and verification of such composite relations as well as the formulation and solution of the optimizing equations for the various boundary conditions of interest constitute the core of this presentation.
New Real-Time Data Communication System Enhances Coiled-Tubing Operations (2010)

Abstract One of the most important parameters required while performing intervention operations with coiled tubing is determining the position of the BHA in the well. Surface depth measurement systems, however reliable, simply record the length of tubing conveyed into the well and do not precisely determine the position of the BHA. Previously, in operations where depth control was critical a logging cable was pre-installed in the coiled tubing string. In conjunction with logging tools this allowed realtime data to be transmitted to surface from the BHA. Unfortunately, with this cable installed, coiled tubing operations are negatively impacted in several ways: increased surface weights, limiting maximum depth achievable, increased circulation pressures, and perhaps most importantly introducing severe restrictions to the use of conventional ball operated downhole tools. The use of braided cable restricted the choice of fluids that could be reliably pumped through the coiled tubing string and introduced both slack management and costly maintenance tasks. For certain mechanical intervention operations the difficulties of maintaining electrical continuity increased. A new system enabling real-time data to be transmitted from intelligent downhole tools to surface recording and display equipment has been developed. The primary purpose of this system is to enable depth critical operations to be completed with negligible impact on the conventional coiled tubing process and abilities. Coiled tubing weights and surface pump pressures are almost unaffected by the presence of this system and ball operated tools can be operated with confidence. Trials using this new system have been completed. In addition to confirming the operational ability of the system, the data stream revealed previously unrecognised information. The benefit of this additional information will enhance the operational success of many coiled tubing operations. This paper describes the complete system and discusses the findings and potential benefits confirmed during onshore testing and field trials. Operations involving the use of this system have been completed in the UK North Sea. The system performance and data collected during these operations are discussed.
Hyperthermia and cardiovascular strain during an extreme heat exposure in young versus older adults (2016)

We examined whether older individuals experience greater levels of hyperthermia and cardiovascular strain during an extreme heat exposure compared to young adults. During a 3-hour extreme heat exposure (44°C, 30% relative humidity), we compared body heat storage, core temperature (rectal, visceral) and cardiovascular (heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, limb blood flow) responses of young adults (n = 30, 19-28 years) against those of older adults (n = 30, 55-73 years). Direct calorimetry measured whole-body evaporative and dry heat exchange. Body heat storage was calculated as the temporal summation of heat production (indirect calorimetry) and whole-body heat loss (direct calorimetry) over the exposure period. While both groups gained a similar amount of heat in the first hour, the older adults showed an attenuated increase in evaporative heat loss (p < 0.033) in the first 30-min. Thereafter, the older adults were unable to compensate for a greater rate of heat gain (11 ± 1 ; p < 0.05) with a corresponding increase in evaporative heat loss. Older adults stored more heat (358 ± 173 kJ) relative to their younger (202 ± 92 kJ; p < 0.001) counterparts at the end of the exposure leading to greater elevations in rectal (p = 0.043) and visceral (p = 0.05) temperatures, albeit not clinically significant (rise < 0.5°C). Older adults experienced a reduction in calf blood flow (p < 0.01) with heat stress, yet no differences in cardiac output, blood pressure or heart rate. We conclude, in healthy habitually active individuals, despite no clinically observable cardiovascular or temperature changes, older adults experience greater heat gain and decreased limb perfusion in response to 3-hour heat exposure.
Viden: Attacker Identification on In-Vehicle Networks (2017)

Various defense schemes --- which determine the presence of an attack on the in-vehicle network --- have recently been proposed. However, they fail to identify which Electronic Control Unit (ECU) actually mounted the attack. Clearly, pinpointing the attacker ECU is essential for fast/efficient forensic, isolation, security patch, etc. To meet this need, we propose a novel scheme, called Viden (Voltage-based attacker identification), which can identify the attacker ECU by measuring and utilizing voltages on the in-vehicle network. The first phase of Viden, called ACK learning, determines whether or not the measured voltage signals really originate from the genuine message transmitter. Viden then exploits the voltage measurements to construct and update the transmitter ECUs' voltage profiles as their fingerprints. It finally uses the voltage profiles to identify the attacker ECU. Since Viden adapts its profiles to changes inside/outside of the vehicle, it can pinpoint the attacker ECU under various conditions. Moreover, its efficiency and design-compliance with modern in-vehicle network implementations make Viden practical and easily deployable. Our extensive experimental evaluations on both a CAN bus prototype and two real vehicles have shown that Viden can accurately fingerprint ECUs based solely on voltage measurements and thus identify the attacker ECU with a low false identification rate of 0.2%.
Isolation and characterization of a novel nicotinophilic bacterium, <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. aRF‐1 and its metabolic pathway (2018)

Abstract Nicotine is a potent parasympathomimetic stimulant and an important natural alkaloid mainly found in the Nicotiana genus of plants. It can directly threaten ecological security and human health in tobacco waste, wastewater, and other forms of tobacco production. Therefore, it is the basis of nicotine pollution prevention and of great application value to explore efficient and a wide range of nicotinophilic bacteria for tobacco industry and environmental protection. In this study, one nicotinophilic bacterium was isolated from the soil, which accumulated tobacco waste over 50 years at a Hefei cigarette factory. The strain was named aRF‐1, which was identified as Arthrobacter sp. by analysis. The nicotine degradation tests showed that the optimum temperature for cell growth and metabolism of nicotine of Arthrobacter sp. aRF‐1 was 30 °C, and the optimum initial pH value was about 7.0. Under the optimum experimented conditions, it can tolerance nicotine concentration as high as 8 g·L −1 . The highest removal rate of nicotine was 93.8% in 72 H in nonsterilization contaminated soil by Arthrobacter sp. aRF‐1. LC‐MS/MS was used to analyze the nicotine metabolic intermediates of strain Arthrobacter sp. aRF‐1. A total of nine major metabolites that were detected were able to metabolize nicotine along a variant pathway of pyridine and pyrrolidine, and there may be more than two nicotine metabolic pathways for Arthrobacter sp. aRF‐1 through the analysis of the main intermediate products.