gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel sensor for monitoring acoustic cavitation. Part I: Concept, theory, and prototype development (2003)

This paper describes a new concept for an ultrasonic cavitation sensor designed specifically for monitoring acoustic emissions generated by small microbubbles when driven by an applied acoustic field. Its novel features include a hollow, open-ended, cylindrical shape, with the sensor being a right circular cylinder of height 32 mm and external diameter 38 mm. The internal diameter of the sensor is 30 mm; its inner surface is fabricated from a 110-microm layer of piezoelectrically active film whose measurement bandwidth is sufficient to enable acoustic emissions up to and beyond 10 MHz to be monitored. When in use, the sensor is immersed within the liquid test medium and high frequency (megahertz) acoustic emissions occurring within the hollow body of the sensor are monitored. In order to shield the sensor response from events occurring outside the cylinder, the outer surface of the sensor cylinder is encapsulated within a special 4-mm thick polyurethane-based cavitation shield with acoustic properties specifically developed to be minimally perturbing to the 40 kHz applied acoustic field but attenuating to ultrasound generated at megahertz frequencies (plane-wave transmission loss > 30 dB at 1 MHz). This paper introduces the rationale behind the new sensor, describing details of its construction and the materials formulation program undertaken to develop the cavitation shield.
Galectin-3C: Human Lectin for Treatment of Cancer (2012)

A summary is provided of the compelling data supporting galectin-3, as a target for cancer therapy, and for the clinical development of a truncated form of human galectin-3, termed galectin-3C, for cancer. Lacking the N-terminal domain of galectin-3 that facilitates its multimerization when bound to carbohydrate ligands, galectin-3C functions as an inhibitor of the galectin-3 crosslinking mediated by the N-terminal domain that can be induced by multivalent oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates intra- or extracellularly, on cell surfaces, or in extracellular matrices. Numerous studies show that galectin-3 plays a key role in tumorigenicity and metastasis and is a novel target for the development of cancer therapeutics. Data presented indicate that galectin-3C can be localized in a carbohydrate-dependent manner similar to most information reported regarding galectin-3. Exogenous galectin-3C facilitated anoikis in human breast cells, illustrating an effect it is expected to produce in vivo by reducing cell-cell or cell-ECM adhesion of metastatic cells. Based on the activity of galectin-3, we postulate that galectin-3C also inhibits the metastatic process by preventing integrin activation and focal adhesion turnover. The data described provide evidence of the important functions of galectin-3 in the processes of metastasis and tumorigenicity, and the potential therapeutic effect of inhibiting the activity of galectin-3 with galectin-3C. Galectin-3 has a complex, multi-faceted role that is critical in the relationship between the cells of various types of malignancies and the microenvironment, and further development of galectin-3C as a clinical candidate for cancer treatment is warranted.
Lymphadenopathy/AIDS virus: genetic organization and relationship to animal lentiviruses. (1986)

This article presents data obtained by our group in the molecular characterization of the probable agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the lymphadenopathy/AIDS virus (LAV). Molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequencing of LAV allows a detailed comparison with other AIDS virus isolates, as well as other human and animal retroviruses. We have now molecular evidence that the AIDS virus is closely related to visna virus, prototype of the lentiviruses, whereas the other human retroviruses, i.e., human T-cell leukemia viruses type I and II (HTLV-I and II), are quite remote in the evolution.
ASSL Specification and Code Generation of Self-Healing Behavior for NASA Swarm-Based Systems (2009)

The autonomic system specification language (ASSL) is a framework for formally specifying, validating and generating autonomic systems. This paper presents concrete results on the use of ASSL to specify a self-healing behavior model for NASA swarm-based exploration missions and to generate an application skeleton of the same. We present the specification and experiment with the generated code to demonstrate that ASSL generates operational code that is capable of self-management in respect of the specified self-healing model.
Generalized Gray Codes for Local Rank Modulation (2011)

We consider the local rank-modulation scheme in which a sliding window going over a sequence of real-valued variables induces a sequence of permutations. Local rank-modulation is a generalization of the rank-modulation scheme, which has been recently suggested as a way of storing information in flash memory. We study Gray codes for the local rank-modulation scheme in order to simulate conventional multi-level flash cells while retaining the benefits of rank modulation. Unlike the limited scope of previous works, we consider code constructions for the entire range of parameters including the code length, sliding window size, and overlap between adjacent windows. We show our constructed codes have asymptotically-optimal rate. We also provide efficient encoding, decoding, and next-state algorithms.
Oncolytic Adenoviruses: Design, Generation, and Experimental Procedures (2013)

Oncolytic adenoviruses are designed to take advantage of the virus' native ability to replicate in cancer cells to induce oncolysis. Subsequently, the released viral progeny spread and kill the neighboring cancer cells. These characteristics, together with the ability of adenovirus to infect a broad spectrum of cells, its well understood replication machinery, and relative ease of manufacture have led to the intensive use of adenovirus as an anticancer agent. This unit describes cloning strategies, procedures to turn the intended design into virus, and quality analyses of resultant adenoviral vectors. Most of these procedures were optimized especially for oncolytic adenoviral vectors.
Monoclonal antibodies recognizing transforming growth factor-<i>beta</i>. Bioactivity neutralization and transforming growth factor <i>beta</i> 2 affinity purification. (1989)

Four mAb able to recognize transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta)2 were obtained. One of these mAb, 1D11.16, was able to neutralize the biological activity of both TGF-beta 1 and beta 2 in vitro. This was demonstrated in an Il-1, PHA-dependent thymocyte mitogenic assay that is inhibitable by TGF-beta in a dose-dependent manner. All four mAb recognized the dimeric form of TGF-beta 2 in Western blots. The mAb were also found to immunoprecipitate [125I]-TGF-beta 2. mAb 3C7.14 coupled to Sepharose could efficiently immunoaffinity purify TGF-beta 2 from a complex mixture of proteins. Affinity constants were determined for the four mAb and they ranged from 3.4 x 10(8) to 1.6 x 10(7) L/mol.
Opportunistic Use of Client Repeaters to Improve Performance of WLANs (2009)

Currently deployed IEEE 802.11 WLANs (Wi-Fi networks) share access point (AP) bandwidth on a per-packet basis. However, various stations communicating with the AP often have different signal qualities, resulting in different transmission rates. This induces a phenomenon known as the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rate</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">anomaly</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">problem</i> , in which stations with lower signal quality transmit at lower rates and consume a significant majority of airtime, thereby dramatically reducing the throughput of stations transmitting at higher rates. We propose SoftRepeater, a practical, deployable system in which stations cooperatively address the rate anomaly problem. Specifically, higher rate Wi-Fi stations opportunistically transform themselves into repeaters for lower rate stations when transmitting data to/from the AP. The key challenge is to determine when it is beneficial to enable the repeater functionality. In view of this, we propose an initiation protocol that ensures that repeater functionality is enabled only when appropriate. Also, our system can run directly on top of today's 802.11 infrastructure networks. In addition, we describe a novel, zero-overhead network coding scheme that further alleviates undesirable symptoms of the rate anomaly problem. Using simulation and testbed implementation, we find that SoftRepeater can improve cumulative throughput by up to 200%.
Effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation and visual illusion on neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury (2010)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex and techniques of visual illusion, applied isolated or combined, in patients with neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. In a sham controlled, double-blind, parallel group design, 39 patients were randomized into four groups receiving transcranial direct current stimulation with walking visual illusion or with control illusion and sham stimulation with visual illusion or with control illusion. For transcranial direct current stimulation, the anode was placed over the primary motor cortex. Each patient received ten treatment sessions during two consecutive weeks. Clinical assessment was performed before, after the last day of treatment, after 2 and 4 weeks follow-up and after 12 weeks. Clinical assessment included overall pain intensity perception, Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory and Brief Pain Inventory. The combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and visual illusion reduced the intensity of neuropathic pain significantly more than any of the single interventions. Patients receiving transcranial direct current stimulation and visual illusion experienced a significant improvement in all pain subtypes, while patients in the transcranial direct current stimulation group showed improvement in continuous and paroxysmal pain, and those in the visual illusion group improved only in continuous pain and dysaesthesias. At 12 weeks after treatment, the combined treatment group still presented significant improvement on the overall pain intensity perception, whereas no improvements were reported in the other three groups. Our results demonstrate that transcranial direct current stimulation and visual illusion can be effective in the management of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury, with minimal side effects and with good tolerability.
Optical two-way time synchronization at the femtosecond level over a 4-km free space link (2015)

We demonstrate synchronization of two optical clocks across a 4-km free-space link. The two clocks composed of self-referenced frequency combs are unambiguously synchronized at the 1 fs level in 100 ms.
Detection of Expansin Proteins and Activity during Tomato Fruit Ontogeny (2000)

Expansins are plant proteins that have the capacity to induce extension in isolated cell walls and are thought to mediate pH-dependent cell expansion. J.K.C. Rose, H.H. Lee, and A.B. Bennett ([1997] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 5955-5960) reported the identification of an expansin gene (LeExp1) that is specifically expressed in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit where cell wall disassembly, but not cell expansion, is prominent. Expansin expression during fruit ontogeny was examined using antibodies raised to recombinant LeExp1 or a cell elongation-related expansin from cucumber (CsExp1). The LeExp1 antiserum detected expansins in extracts from ripe, but not preripe tomato fruit, in agreement with the pattern of LeExp1 mRNA accumulation. In contrast, antibodies to CsExp1 cross-reacted with expansins in early fruit development and the onset of ripening, but not at a later ripening stage. These data suggest that ripening-related and expansion-related expansin proteins have distinct antigenic epitopes despite overall high sequence identity. Expansin proteins were detected in a range of fruit species and showed considerable variation in abundance; however, appreciable levels of expansin were not present in fruit of the rin or Nr tomato mutants that exhibit delayed and reduced softening. LeExp1 protein accumulation was ethylene-regulated and matched the previously described expression of mRNA, suggesting that expression is not regulated at the level of translation. We report the first detection of expansin activity in several stages of fruit development and while characteristic creep activity was detected in young and developing tomato fruit and in ripe pear, avocado, and pepper, creep activity in ripe tomato showed qualitative differences, suggesting both hydrolytic and expansin activities.
A parametric wavelength interchanging cross-connect (WIXC) architecture (1996)

This letter presents an architecture for a wavelength interchanging cross-connect (WIXC) using parametric wavelength converters. The architecture exploits the unique properties of the difference frequency generating (DFG) parametric wavelength converter, including its transparency to signal format and its ability to convert multiple wavelengths simultaneously, The WIXC is shown to be scalable and rearrangeably nonblocking. Furthermore, connection setup is performed by the well-known looping algorithm used for Benes networks.
Sequestosome 1: Mutation Frequencies, Haplotypes, and Phenotypes in Familial Paget's Disease of Bone (2006)

The 14 mutations reported in SQSTM1/p62 all affect the ubiquitin-associated domain of the protein. The P392L mutation is the most commonly observed mutation in PDB patients and was consistently found in unrelated and familial PDB cases in the populations tested. Analysis of adjacent polymorphisms suggests that P392L is associated with two different haplotypes in the Quebecois patients, similar to what has been observed in European populations. In Quebec, both haplotypes had similar frequencies in unrelated P392L carriers, whereas one haplotype was predominant in the other populations studied. These data suggest that these two haplotypes, possibly introduced by European founders in the Quebecois population, were equally distributed in the succeeding generations. Finally, the P392L mutation is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait in the Quebecois families, with a high but incomplete penetrance peaking after age 60. The large phenotypic variability and similarity between unrelated and familial cases, respectively, remain unexplained and require further research.
Strong correlation of elastin deletions, detected by FISH, with Williams syndrome: evaluation of 235 patients. (1995)

Williams syndrome (WS) is generally characterized by mental deficiency, gregarious personality, dysmorphic facies, supravalvular aortic stenosis, and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. Patients with WS show allelic loss of elastin (ELN), exhibiting a submicroscopic deletion, at 7q11.23, detectable by FISH. Hemizygosity is likely the cause of vascular abnormalities in WS patients. A series of 235 patients was studied, and molecular cytogenetic deletions were seen in 96% of patients with classic WS. Patients included 195 solicited through the Williams Syndrome Association (WSA), plus 40 clinical cytogenetics cases referred by primary-care physicians. Photographs and medical records of most WSA subjects were reviewed, and patients were identified as "classic" (n = 114) or "uncertain" (n = 39). An additional 42 WSA patients were evaluated without clinical information. FISH was performed with biotinylated ELN cosmids on metaphase cells from immortalized lymphoblastoid lines from WSA patients and after high-resolution banding analysis on clinical referral patients. An alpha-satellite probe for chromosome 7 was included in hybridizations, as an internal control. Ninety-six percent of the patients with classic WS showed a deletion in one ELN allele; four of these did not show a deletion. Of the uncertain WS patients, only 3 of 39 showed a deletion. Of the 42 who were not classified phenotypically, because of lack of clinical information, 25 patients (60%) showed a deletion. Thirty-eight percent (15/40) of clinical cytogenetics cases showed an ELN deletion and no cytogenetic deletion by banded analysis. These results support the usefulness of FISH for the detection of elastin deletions as an initial diagnostic assay for WS.
A HIERARCHICAL DATABASE DESIGN AND SEARCH METHOD FOR CODIS (2000)

A new search engine for the FBI CODIS DNA database is under development. The search engine utilizes a hierarchical decomposition of the database by identifying clusters of similar DNA profiles and maps to parallel computer architecture, allowing scale up past the current feasible limit of approximately 10 DNA profiles. The goal of this project is to support up to 10 DNA profiles in the FBI CODIS DNA database while servicing 10 10 search requests per hour. The search engine is being designed as a back-end component of the existing CODIS system to avoid significant changes to the user interface and modes of use.
Thermal Barrier Phase Change Memory (2019)

Phase change memory is widely considered as the most promising candidate as storage class memory (SCM), bridging the performance gaps between dynamic random access memory and flash. However, high required operation current remains the major limitation for the SCM application, even after using defect engineering materials, for example, Ti-doped Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>. Here, we demonstrate that ∼87% current can be reduced by spatially separating Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and TiTe<sub>2</sub> layers, thanks to semimetallic TiTe<sub>2</sub> serving as a thermal barrier in the reset process. Moreover, the stable crystalline TiTe<sub>2</sub> layer provides an ordered interface to speed up the crystallization process of the amorphous Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> layer, enabling ∼10 ns ultrafast crystallization speed. An outstanding device lifetime, up to ∼2 × 10<sup>7</sup> cycles, has been obtained, which is twice as long as that of alloy-based cells. Correlative electron microscopy and atom probe tomography provide evidence that the TiTe<sub>2</sub>/Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> multilayer can keep a layer-stacked structure, avoiding phase segregation found in alloys and strong element intermixing in the GeTe/Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> superlattice, which enables excellent cyclability. This study suggests that adding a semimetallic layer in the phase change layer, such as TiTe<sub>2</sub> and TiSe<sub>2</sub>, can yield a phase change memory with superior properties.
Ligand-Promoted <i>Meta</i>-C–H Arylation of Anilines, Phenols, and Heterocycles (2016)

Here we report the development of a versatile 3-acetylamino-2-hydroxypyridine class of ligands that promote meta-C-H arylation of anilines, heterocyclic aromatic amines, phenols, and 2-benzyl heterocycles using norbornene as a transient mediator. More than 120 examples are presented, demonstrating this ligand scaffold enables a wide substrate and coupling partner scope. Meta-C-H arylation with heterocyclic aryl iodides as coupling partners is also realized for the first time using this ligand. The utility for this transformation for drug discovery is showcased by allowing the meta-C-H arylation of a lenalidomide derivative. The first steps toward a silver-free protocol for this reaction are also demonstrated.
Mechanically Ruled Stigmatic Concave Gratings (1975)

Concave gratings that form stigmatic images in normal incidence spectrographs are analyzed and a new method of ruling stigmatic concave gratings has been developed. The ruling engine is numerically controlled for varying the groove spacings and is capable of ruling both straight and curved grooves. Three types of concave gratings, one conventional and two stigmatic have been ruled and the imaging properties of them are examined. From the results of the examination, the possibility of producing mechanically ruled stigmatic concave gratings with the freedom of choosing stigmatic wavelengths is proved.
Simultaneous radioassay of serum vitamin B/sub 12/ and folic acid. [/sup 125/I and /sup 57/Co tracer techniques] (1977)

The radioassays of vitamin B/sub 12/ and folic acid can be carried out in a single tube to give the simultaneous assay of both vitamins in 100 ..mu..l of serum. Release of bound vitamins from their endogenous binders and the destruction of these binders are effected by a heating step at pH 9.3. The subsequent binding reactions with hog intrinsic factor and milk binder protein proceed advantageously and simultaneously in the same tube at pH 9.3. A single set of dual reagents replaces two sets of reagents that would normally be used for separate radioassays. Complete separation of bound radioactivities, (/sup 57/Co) cyanocobalamin and /sup 125/I-labeled folate derivative, is obtained in a dual-channel gamma counter with no requirement for any correction for spill-over of counting data. Analytical results are comparable to those found for previously developed individual radioassays. The simultaneous assay has decreased technical time of analysis for these interrelated vitamins by about 50%.
Development of an Efficacious, Semisynthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Candidate against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Serotype 1 (2018)

Infections with <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> are a major health burden. Glycoconjugate vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) successfully protect from infection, but not all pneumococcal serotypes are covered with equal potency. Marketed glycoconjugate vaccines induce low levels of functional antibodies against the highly invasive serotype 1 (ST1), presumably due to the obscuring of protective epitopes during chemical activation and conjugation to carrier proteins. Synthetic oligosaccharide antigens can be designed to carry linkers for site-selective protein conjugation while keeping protective epitopes intact. Here, we developed an efficacious semisynthetic ST1 glycoconjugate vaccine candidate. A panel of synthetic oligosaccharides served to reveal a critical role of the rare aminosugar, 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-galactose (d-AAT), for ST1 immune recognition. A monovalent ST1 trisaccharide carrying d-AAT at the nonreducing end induced a strong antibacterial immune response in rabbits and outperformed the ST1 component of the multivalent blockbuster vaccine Prevenar 13, paving the way for a more efficacious vaccine.
Hydrocarbon‐soluble alkylaniline/formaldehyde oligomers as corrosion inhibitors (1991)

Abstract Hydrocarbon‐soluble oligomers were prepared by the acid‐catalyzed condensation of alkylanilines with formaldehyde. Highest molecular weight oligomers (MW ∼ 6000) were obtained from alkylanilines prepared by the Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of aniline with α‐olefins. By NMR, it was shown that the oligomers contain structures corresponding to methylene‐linked aromatic rings and methylene linked to both an aromatic ring and a nitrogen atom. The oligomers exhibit very good initial inhibition of metal corrosion in aqueous environment; and the inhibition is more persistent than that observed with monomeric analogs.