gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
현대 중국어 "기(旣)X, 우(又)Y" 구문에 관한 통사,의미적 고찰 -연합관계를 중심으로- (2010)

This study analyzed `Ji(旣)X, You(又)Y` structure in the modern Chinese with syntactic approach and then researched the logical meaning relations between X and Y with semantic approach. Syntactic features may be summarized as follows. First, the subject of X and Y in the `Ji(旣)X, You(又)Y` structure is the same usually, but X and Y each can have different subject in the `Ji(旣)X, You(又)Y` structure in some cases. Second, X and Y in the `Ji(旣)X, You(又)Y` structure all are consisted of an adjective (phrases) and verb (phrases). X and Y can be composed of both the same elements and different elements. Third, each syllabic characters of X and Y are the same or almost similar. However, they can be different when X and Y all are verb phrases of the same elements or different elements. Fourth, `Ji(旣)X, You(又)Y` structure itself can be the constituent parts of a sentence. If they are arranged in order of frequency, most of constituent parts are the predicate. Then comes adnorminal phrase, object, complement, adverbial phrase and subject in that order. Next, meaning relations may be summarized as follows. Basically, logical meaning relations of X and Y in the `Ji(旣)X, You(又)Y` structure are included in combined relations, but they can be classified as three relations such as coordination, sequence and climax. This study reclassifies coordination in this structure as four meaning relations like parallel, mutual dependence and affirmation-denial. Sequence shows X has to happen before Y. Climax means Y`s meaning is more intensified than X`s meaning because of the arrangement of words in increasing order of effect. it can be divided into two kinds of climax such as the concept of natural and reverse direction. To use complex sentences is indispensable in the modern Chinese and the meaning relations between X and Y are the key of vital importance in the complex sentence. Using `Ji(旣)X, You(又)Y` structures can help transmitter communicate with receiver more concisely and compactly. it is better than just to arrange many simple sentences. Furthermore, even though transmitters don`t use typical sequence and climax structures, they can show not only coordination, but also sequence and climax using `Ji(旣)X, You(又)Y` structures. Therefore, transmitter and receiver should all consider logical meanings of X and Y carefully.
A thermochemical model for shock-induced reactions (heat detonations) in solids (1990)

Recent advances in studies of shock-induced chemistry in reactive solids have led to the recognition of a new class of energetic materials which are unique in their response to shock waves. Experimental work has shown that chemical energy can be released on a time scale shorter than shock-transit times in laboratory samples. However, for many compositions, the reaction products remain in the condensed state upon release from high pressure, and no sudden expansion takes place. Nevertheless, if such a reaction is sufficiently rapid, it can be modeled as a type of detonation, termed ‘‘heat detonation’’ in the present paper. It is shown that unlike an explosive detonation, an unsupported heat detonation will decay to zero unless certain conditions are met. An example of such a reaction is Fe2 O3 +2Al+shock→Al2 O3 +2Fe (the standard thermite reaction). A shock-wave equation of state is determined from a mixture theory for reacted and unreacted porous thermite. The calculated shock temperatures are compared to experimentally measured shock temperatures, demonstrating that a shock-induced reaction takes place. Interpretation of the measured temperature history in the context of the thermochemical model implies that the principal rate-controlling kinetic mechanism is dynamic mixing at the shock front. Despite the similarity in thermochemical modeling of heat detonations to explosive detonations, the two processes are qualitatively very different in reaction mechanism as well as in the form the energy takes upon release, with explosives producing mostly work and heat detonations producing mostly heat.
Bioinspired Interfaces with Superwettability: From Materials to Chemistry (2015)

Superwettability is a special case of the wetting phenomenon among liquids, gases, and solids. The superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic effect discovered initially has undergone a century of development based on materials science and biomimetics. With the rapid development of research on anti-wetting materials, superoleophobic/superoleophilic surfaces have been fabricated to repel organic liquids besides water. Further studies of underwater superoleophobic/superoleophilic/superaerophobic/superaerophilic materials provide an alternative way to fabricate anti-wetting surfaces rather than lowering the surface energy. Owing to a series of efforts on the studying of extreme wettabilities, a mature superwettability system gradually evolved and has since become a vibrant area of active research, covering topics of superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity, superoleophobicity/superoleophilicity in gas or under liquid, superaerophobicity/superaerophilicity under liquid, and combinations of these states. The kinetic study of the superwettability system includes statics and dynamics, while the studied material structures range from traditional two-dimensional materials to three-dimensional, one-dimensional, and zero-dimensional materials. Furthermore, the wetting liquids range from water to oil, aqueous solutions, and ionic liquids, as well as liquid crystals and other types of liquids. The wetting conditions extend over a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and other external fields. With the development of this series of research, many new theories and functional interfacial materials have been fabricated, including self-cleaning textiles, oil/water separation systems, and water collection systems, and some of these have already been applied in industry. Moreover, the study of superwettability has also introduced many new phenomena and principles to the field of interfacial chemistry that display its vast potential in both materials and chemistry. The present Perspective aims to summarize the most recent research on these materials and their interfacial chemistry. An overview of novel materials in superwettability systems and interfacial materials is presented. Specifically, the evolution of superwettable materials will be introduced, and the fundamental rules for building these superwetting materials will be discussed, followed by a summary of recent progress in the application of superwettable materials to alter the behaviors of chemical reactants and products. Specific emphasis is placed on recent strategies that exploit superwettable materials to influence the performance of traditional chemical reactions and their unique contributions to chemistry, including the effective collection of reaction products, unique growth models of precipitates, and a simple strategy for the alignment/assembly of nanoscale building blocks. Finally, a short perspective is provided on the potential for future developments in the field.
Model-Based Testing with a General Purpose Keyword-Driven Test Automation Framework (2011)

Model-based testing (MBT) is a relatively new approach to software testing that extends test automation from test execution to test design using automatic test generation from models. The effective use of the new approach requires new skills and knowledge, such as test modeling skills, but also good tool support. This paper focuses upon the integration of the TEMA model-based graphical user interface test generator with a keyword-driven test automation framework, Robot Framework. Both of the tools are available as open source. The purpose of the integration was to enable the wide testing library support of Robot Framework to be used in online model-based testing. The main contribution of this paper is to present the integration providing a base for future MBT utilization, but we will also describe a short case study where we experimented with the integration in testing a Java Swing GUI application and discuss early experiences in using the framework in testing Web GUIs.
Dietary Therapy for Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1988)

Morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease are increased in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). As a consequence, the Nutrition Committee of the American Diabetes Association has recommended1 that patients with NIDDM be encouraged to change their diets to prevent such outcomes. The majority are overweight, and weight loss is extremely effective in normalizing the metabolic abnormalities of NIDDM. Therefore, the primary goal of diet treatment should be weight loss. It has also been recommended that patients replace the saturated fat in their diets with complex carbohydrates. The goal of this maneuver is presumably to increase the ratio of . . .
Fit-sphere unwrapping and performance analysis of 3D fingerprints (2010)

To solve problems associated with conventional 2D fingerprint acquisition processes including skin deformations and print smearing, we developed a noncontact 3D fingerprint scanner employing structured light illumination that, in order to be backwards compatible with existing 2D fingerprint recognition systems, requires a method of unwrapping the 3D scans into 2D equivalent prints. For the latter purpose of virtually flattening a 3D print, this paper introduces a fit-sphere unwrapping algorithm. Taking advantage of detailed 3D information, the proposed method defuses the unwrapping distortion by controlling the distances between neighboring points. Experimental results will demonstrate the high quality and recognition performance of the 3D unwrapped prints versus traditionally collected 2D prints. Furthermore, by classifying the 3D database into high- and low-quality data sets, we demonstrate that the relationship between quality and recognition performance holding for conventional 2D prints is achieved for 3D unwrapped fingerprints.
The mobile animator: interactive character animation in collaborative virtual environments (2004)

We have designed a mobile -PDA-based- interface for real-time control of virtual characters in multiuser semi-immersive virtual environments - using a large rear-projection screen. The proof-of-concept implementation we present shows the potential of handheld devices as powerful interfaces to virtual reality applications. This technique eliminates the display of floating menus and other widgets over the simulation screen. A brief discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of using a handheld for 3D interaction is presented as well.
Facile synthesis of aminophenylboronic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for selective separation of glycopeptides and glycoproteins (2008)

In this work, aminophenylboronic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized, and applied to selective separation of glycopeptides and glycoproteins.
A New Class of Non-<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Ligands for Oxidative and Redox-Neutral Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylations of 1,3-Diketones (2015)

We report the discovery, synthesis, and application of a new class of non-C2-symmetric phosphoramidite ligands derived from pyroglutamic acid for use in both oxidative and redox-neutral palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations of 1,3-diketones. The resulting chiral products are typically obtained in high yield with good to excellent levels of enantioselectivity.
Anderson localization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math>Mn states in semi-Heusler phases (1999)

The solid solutions ${\mathrm{NiTi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{Sb}$ and ${\mathrm{CoV}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{Sb}\mathrm{}$ between metallic compounds are studied. For low Mn concentrations, Mn $3d$ states are localized as shown by magnetic measurements and electronic structure calculations. Magnetic interactions suddenly and strongly increase near $x=0.4$, while a semiconductinglike behavior is observed in the range $x=0.35--0.45$. These features are tentatively explained by the Anderson localization of d states in these disordered solutions. Large magnetoresistance effects are observed in some phases near their magnetic ordering temperature.
(Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins of the plant cell wall) (1990)

We are studying the chemistry and architecture of plant cells walls, the extracellular matrices that taken together shape the plant and provide mechanical support for the plant. Cell walls are dynamic structures that regulate, or are the site of, many physiological processes, in addition to being the cells' first line of defense against invading pathogens. In the past year we have examined the role of the cell wall enzyme ascorbic acid oxidase as related to the structure of the wall and its possible interactions with hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins of the wall.
Prostate segmentation by sparse representation based classification: Prostate segmentation by SRC (2020)

Purpose: The segmentation of prostate in CT images is of essential importance to external beam radiotherapy, which is one of the major treatments for prostate cancer nowadays. During the radiotherapy, the prostate is radiated by high-energy x rays from different directions. In order to maximize the dose to the cancer and minimize the dose to the surrounding healthy tissues (e.g., bladder and rectum), the prostate in the new treatment image needs to be accurately localized. Therefore, the effectiveness and efficiency of external beam radiotherapy highly depend on the accurate localization of the prostate. However, due to the low contrast of the prostate with its surrounding tissues (e.g., bladder), the unpredicted prostate motion, and the large appearance variations across different treatment days, it is challenging to segment the prostate in CT images. In this paper, the authors present a novel classification based segmentation method to address these problems.
Degradation of Endogenous Organic Acids Induced by Pi Uptake in Catharanthus roseus Cells: Involvement of the Biochemical pH-Stat (1998)

We have previously shown that inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) uptake by Catharanthus roseus cells proceeds by a proton/Pi cotransport mechanism [Sakano (1990) Plant Physiol. 93: 479] that acidifies the cytoplasm [Sakano et al. (1992) Plant Physiol. 99: 672]. In the present study, we analyzed changes in the content of endogenous organic acids, carbon dioxide evolution, and oxygen consumption upon Pi application. The results are consistent with the operation of the biochemical pH-stat mechanism [Davies (1986) Physiol. Plant. 67: 702] during and after Pi uptake.
Accelerating Matrix Multiplication in Deep Learning by Using Low-Rank Approximation (2017)

The open source frameworks of deep learning including TensorFlow, Caffe, Torch, etc. are widely used all over the world and its acceleration have great meaning. In these frameworks, a lot of computation time is spent on convolution, and highly tuned libraries such as cuDNN play important role on accelerating convolution. In these libraries, however, a convolution computation is performed without approximating a dense matrices. In this research, we propose a method to introduce the low-rank approximation method, widely used in the field of scientific and technical computation, into the convolution computation. As a result of investigating the influence on the recognition accuracy of the existing model, it is possible to reduce up to about 90% of rank of data matrices while keeping recognition accuracy -2% of baseline.
Template Synthesis of Cobalt Nanowires Using PS-b-PMMA Block Copolymer (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Cobalt nanowires with <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$18 {\pm} 5$</tex></formula> nm diameter were grown in the self-assembled diblock copolymer templates using electrodeposition technique. The diblock copolymer templates with hexagonally ordered nanoporous structure were successfully synthesized by varying the copolymer thickness from 50 nm to 430 nm and post annealing at temperature 180<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex> </formula>C for 24 h. The minimum optimized pore sizes of the template were <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$18 {\pm} 5$</tex></formula> nm with well order hexagonal nanoporous structure at copolymer thickness from 350 nm to 430 nm. Cobalt nanowires were then successfully deposited using three electrode configuration potentiostatic electrodeposition methods. To remove the cross linked polystyrene of the template and to display the cobalt nanowires, heat treatment was carried out. The morphology of the templates and cobalt nanowires was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The magnetic properties of the cobalt nanowires are analyzed using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). </para>
Coupling impacts of SOFC operating temperature and fuel utilization on system net efficiency in natural gas hybrid SOFC/GT system (2022)

The major design parameters of SOFC have great impacts on the net electrical efficiency of SOFC/GT hybrid systems. The influence of the SOFC operating temperature and fuel utilization on the net efficiency of a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system was studied in this paper. The system model was combined a 1D SOFC model, which included a lumped equilibrium steam methane reformer model in the Simulink, with a gas turbine recuperated cycle model in Ebsilon®. A system design point study was established to observe the coupling impacts of SOFC operating temperature and fuel utilization on the system performance. Thirty design cases of SOFC operating temperatures (635 °C–835 °C) over a range of SOFC fuel utilization(45%–90%) were evaluated. The optimal SOFC fuel utilization shifted from 65% to 55% when the SOFC operating temperature decreased from 835 °C to 635 °C. The maximal(minimal) system efficiency was 74%(49%) at 65%(90%) SOFC fuel utilization with operating SOFC at 835 °C(635 °C). The results show that high operating temperature leads to the high efficiency of the entire hybrid system, but high fuel utilization might cause a decrease in system efficiency.
Synthesis of saframycins. I. Total synthesis of (.+-.)-saframycin B and its congeners. (1987)

We describe the total synthesis of the dimeric isoquinolinequinone antibiotic saframycin B (1) from tricyclic lactam 3. The key step is the stereoselective intramolecular cyclization of the aminoacetal 6. The structure of the pentacyclic intermediate 8 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Robust Nonlinear Regression in Enzyme Kinetic Parameters Estimation (2017)

Accurate estimation of essential enzyme kinetic parameters, such as<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, is very important in modern biology. To this date, linearization of kinetic equations is still widely established practice for determining these parameters in chemical and enzyme catalysis. Although simplicity of linear optimization is alluring, these methods have certain pitfalls due to which they more often then not result in misleading estimation of enzyme parameters. In order to obtain more accurate predictions of parameter values, the use of nonlinear least-squares fitting techniques is recommended. However, when there are outliers present in the data, these techniques become unreliable. This paper proposes the use of a robust nonlinear regression estimator based on modified Tukey’s biweight function that can provide more resilient results in the presence of outliers and/or influential observations. Real and synthetic kinetic data have been used to test our approach. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to illustrate the efficacy and the robustness of the biweight estimator in comparison with the standard linearization methods and the ordinary least-squares nonlinear regression. We then apply this method to experimental data for the tyrosinase enzyme (EC 1.14.18.1) extracted from Solanum tuberosum , Agaricus bisporus , and Pleurotus ostreatus . The results on both artificial and experimental data clearly show that the proposed robust estimator can be successfully employed to determine accurate values of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>.
Megastigmane and Phenolic Components from <i>Laurus nobilis</i> L. Leaves and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production (2004)

Laurus nobilis L. leaves are widely used in cooking and in folk medicine. Five new megastigmane glucosides (2-4, 7, and 9) named laurosides A-E and a new phenolic glucoside 12 were isolated from the methanolic extract of L. nobilis L. leaves, along with 10 known components: megastigmane (5), megastigmane glucosides (1, 6, 8, 10, and 11), aromatic compounds (13 and 14), and flavonoids (15 and 16). The structures and relative stereochemistry have been elucidated by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance experiments ((1)H and (13)C NMR, DEPT, correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy) and by chemical derivatization. The effect of isolated compounds on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages were examined.
A qualitative evaluation of the impact of palliative care day services: the experiences of patients, informal carers, day unit managers and volunteer staff (2005)

PCDS improved patients' perceived quality of life and future evaluations on patient outcomes could use concepts such as self-esteem, self-worth and confidence. Future service provision could explore the possibility of a mixed service using both the traditional and appointment-based system.