gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Production by Alveolar Macrophages in Emphysema (1997)

The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that alveolar macrophages represent a significant source of matrix-degrading proteinases in the emphysematous lung. Macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 10 patients with emphysema and 10 normal volunteers were maintained in vitro for 24 h and assessed semiquantitatively for mRNA transcript levels of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) gelatinases A and B, macrophage metalloelastase (MME), and interstitial collagenase. Release of these MMPs into the culture medium and secretion of neutrophil elastaselike activity was also assessed. Elevated levels of mRNA transcripts for gelatinase B (p < 0.0005) and interstitial collagenase (p < 0.0005) were observed in macrophages from emphysematous patients. Increased collagenase (p < 0.01) and neutrophil elastaselike activities (p < 0.001) were also measured in conditioned medium from patient macrophages. With gelatinase B, complexed forms of the enzyme were secreted by patient but not by control macrophages. No difference in transcript levels of gelatinase A or MME was observed between patient and control samples, and neither enzyme was detected in macrophage-conditioned media from either group. These results directly demonstrate that alveolar macrophages from the emphysematous lung produce elevated quantities of matrix-degrading enzymes with both elastolytic and collagenolytic activities.
Image‐based background phase error correction in 4D flow MRI revisited (2017)

1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1516-1525.
Design of a Mega-pixel Grade Catadioptric Panoramic Lens with the Rectilinear Projection Scheme (2006)

A dedicated catadioptric panoramic lens with the rectilinear projection scheme is designed. The resolution is high enough to provide separate VGA quality images for the respective four directions and the image distortion is less than 0.5%.
Point-of-use water purification using clay pot water filters and copper mesh (2012)

Lack of clean water for use by rural communities in developing countries is of great concern globally. Contaminated water causes water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea, which often lead to deaths, children being the most vulnerable. Therefore, the need to intensify research on point-of-use (POU) water purification techniques cannot be overemphasized. In this work, clay pot water filters (CPWFs) were fabricated using terracotta clay and sawdust. The sawdust was ground and sieved using 300, 600 and 900 μm sieves. The clay and sawdust were mixed in the ratios 1:1 and 1:2, by volume. Pots were then made, dried and fired in a furnace at 850oC. Raw water collected from nearby rivers was filtered using the pots. The raw and filtered water samples were then tested for E. coli, total coliforms, total hardness, turbidity, electrical conductivity, cations and anions. The 600 μm pot had the capacity to destroy E. coli completely from the raw water, whereas the 900 μm pot reduced it by 99.4%. The 600 μm and 900 μm pots could reduce the total coliform concentration by 99.3% and 98.3%, respectively. An attempt was also made to investigate the germicidal action of copper on the coliforms in raw water, with a view to utilising it in the CPWFs. Results showed that 10 g of copper, in the form of mesh made of thin wire of diameter 0.65 mm, had the capacity to completely eliminate E. coli, by immersing it in 300 mℓ of raw water for 5 h, and total coliforms, by immersing it for 10 h. Subsequently, copper was added to the CPWF by placing the mesh in the receptacle of the CPWF. Tests showed that copper could destroy any remaining E. coli in the filtered water, rendering the CPWF a completely viable POU technique for producing clean water. All other critical parameters such as total hardness, turbidity, electrical conductivity and ions in the filtered water were also within acceptable levels for drinking water quality. The filtration rate of the pot was also measured as a function of grain size of the sawdust and height of the water column in it. The filtration rate was found to increase with grain size and height in all of the pots.
Discrete negative emotions generated in an interactive advertisement: an exploration of control as a medium effect (2002)

and able to see beyond the mere numbers.I will always cherish our conversations about branding, the Internet, and dogs.I learned more about advertising in our conversations than what I learned in some of my MBA courses.Wayne Hoyer is one of the most brilliant and witty researchers that I have ever met.He is a great teacher of research and it is a joy and challenge to work with him.I like to believe that I am a better researcher thanks
Vision based System for Vacant Parking Lot Detection: VPLD (2014)

The proposed system comes in the context of intelligent parking lots management and presents an approach for vacant parking spots detection and localization. Our system provides a camera-based solution, which can deal with outdoor parking lots. It returns the real time states of the parking lots providing the number of available vacant places and its specific positions in order to guide the drivers through the roads. In order to eliminate the real world challenges, we propose a combination of the Adaptive Background Subtraction algorithm to overcome the problems of changing lighting and shadow effects with the Speeded Up Robust Features algorithm to benefit from its robustness to the scale changes and the rotation. Our approach presents also a new state “Transition” for the classification of the parking places states.
Early detection of chlamydial inclusions combining the use of cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells and immunofluorescence staining (1977)

Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions only 21 h after a specimen reaches the laboratory has been achieved by the combined use of cycloheximide-treated McCoy cells and immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, cells exposed to cycloheximide were more sensitive for detecting chlamydial inclusions than those pretreated by irradiation, since larger numbers of inclusions were found in the former cells. The application of this rapid and sensitive method allows a diagnosis of chlamydial infection to be made before antibiotic therapy is started. In this way, it should enable the treatment of nonspecific genital infections to be placed on a more rational basis.
Development of Negative-type Photosensitive Polyimide, Based on Poly(amic acid)s, Photo Base Generator and Thermal Base Generator (2008)

A negative-type photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) based on poly(amic acid) (PAA), a photo base generator (PBG), {[(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl) oxy]carbonyl}2,6-dimethyl piperidine (DNCDP) and a thermal base generator (TBG), N-(p-nitrophenyl)-2,6-dimethylpiperidine (NDP) has been developed. The PAA was prepared from 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 3,3'-sulfonyldianiline (SDA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and used directly for lithographic evaluations. The TBG was easily prepared by the reaction of p-nitrophenyl chloroformate with 2,6-dimethylpiperidine. The PAA film containing 10 wt % NDP was converted the polyimide (PI) at 200 °C. The PSPI consisting of PAA (83 wt %), PBG (8.5 wt %) and TBG (8.5 wt %) exhibited a high sensitivity (D0.5) of 38 mJ/cm2 and a contrast (γ0.5) of 0.56 when it was exposed to a 365 nm line (i-line), post-baked at 170 °C for 2 min, and developed with 2.38 wt % TMAHaq. A clear negative image of 8 mu;m line and space pattern was printed in a film which was exposed to 500 mJ/cmup>2 of i-line by contact printing mode, fully converted to the corresponding PI pattern upon heating at 200 °C, and confirmed by SEM and FTIR spectroscopy.
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Deoxynivalenol (2006)

A competitive indirect ELISA with anti-DON McAb for detecting deoxynivalenol in wheat and corn was developed. The detection limits was 20ng/mL and the linear range of the inhibition curve was 20~460ng/mL. In the detection of the samples of wheat and corn mixed with DON(250~4000ng/g), extracted with water, the recovery rate of DON in the samples ranged from 82.1% to 96.6%, and the coefficients of variation was from 0.6% to 7.1%.
The Architecture of Symbolic Computers (1990)

From the Publisher:
Written by a leading researcher/designer in the field,this book focuses on the design and implementation of two classes of non-Von Neumann computer architectures: for Functional (such as LISP) and Logical (such as Prolog) language computing. This represents one of the biggest steps in computer design in forty years.
Using GPS-derived speed patterns for recognition of transport modes in adults (2014)

GPS-measured speed enable the identification of modes of transport. Given the current low costs of GPS devices and the built-in capacity of GPS tracking in most smartphones, the use of such devices in large epidemiological studies may facilitate the assessment of physical activity related to transport modes, or improve exposure assessment using automated travel mode detection.
Design and implementation of application based routing using OpenFlow (2010)

In this paper, we show our design and implementation method of application based routing using OpenFlow that is a promising future internet enabling technology. This method provides more flexible and dynamic redirection because of OpenFlow's new potential abilities and thus giving new opportunities to the future internet that are currently not available. This method relies on three important ideas which are; the content based networking, decision making by the network in a similar manner to anycast and the participation of user clients in providing the service. All this is done using the newly invented OpenFlow. It is done through slight modification to the content server and client, thus imposing small changes to the application layer.
Differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on decellularized extracellular matrix materials (2013)

Mesenchymal bone marrow stromal cells may be a source of cells to preseed decellularized biologic mesh materials for improved cellularization and promote a more physiologic tissue after remodeling. Spontaneous differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells on the decellularized material would be undesirable. Conversely, induced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on the material would suggest that these materials may have promise as scaffold materials for bone, cartilage, or adipocyte formation. Two sources of mesenchymal cells were evaluated for induced differentiation in control wells. These MSCs were also evaluated for spontaneous or induced differentiation on decellularized porcine dermis and mesothelium materials. Primarily harvested bone marrow MSCs and commercially obtained MSCs were induced into osteoblasts and adipocytes on decellularized dermis and mesothelium materials. The MSCs were able to be induced into chondrocytes in pellet form but not when grown as a monolayer on the materials. The MSCs did not undergo spontaneous differentiation when grown on the materials for up to four weeks. MSC grown on decellularized porcine dermis or mesothelium do not spontaneously differentiate and may serve as a source of autologous cells for preseeding these extracellular matrix materials prior to implantation.
Comparison of clinical application of two detection methods of TSH-receptor antibody (2008)

Objective: To study the clinical value of TSH-receptor antibody(TRAb) in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease and compare the results achieved by radioreceptor assay(RRA )with enzyme immunoassay. Methods: Serum TRAb levels were determined with RRA and enzyme immunoassay in patients with Graves’ disease(GD), chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis(hypothyrosis)and the healthy persons. Results: The positive rates of GD patients group and hypothyrosis patients group by RRA were 85.7%and 64.3% respectively, which were significant higher than control group (P0.01). The positive rates of GD patients group and hypothyrosis patients group by enzyme immunoassay were 25.0%and 21.4% respectively.This assay has no significant difference than control group (P0.05). Conclusion: Determination of serum TRAb levels helps to the diagnosis of GD. Compare with enzyme immunoassay, the sensitivity and specificity of RRA are better, and RRA is suitable to clinical application.
Leptin inhibits stress-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes (2002)

Leptin, which is secreted by adipocytes, the placenta and the stomach, not only controls appetite through leptin receptors in the hypothalamus but also regulates cell-mediated immunity. In this study we have demonstrated that continuous injection of leptin prevents the reduction in lymphocyte numbers normally observed in fasted and steroid-injected mice. Consistent with leptin-induced protection, we observed up-regulation of the bcl-xL gene as a result of signal transduction via leptin receptors on lymphocytes. We suggest that leptin might contribute to the recovery of immune suppression in malnourished mice by inhibiting lymphocyte apoptosis.
Inflammation in human skin induced by ultraviolet irradiation (1977)

Pharmacologically active mediators of inflammation were obtained from suction bullae raised on normal and ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) inflamed human abdominal skin. The exudates obtained from the bullae were examined by superfusion cascade bioassay, by radioimmunoassay for PGF2alpha and by column, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet B (u.v.-B) irradiation of human skin produced an erythema which appeared after 2 hr, increased in severity up to 24 hr and persisted for more than 48 hr. Bioassayable and radioimmunoassayable prostaglandin activity was elevated at 6 hr, was maximal at 24 hr and had returned to normal 48 hr. Topical application of indomethacin suppressed both the erythema and the increased concentration of PGF2alpha as measured by radioimmunoassay. Chromatographic studies confirmed increased prostaglandin activity at 6 and 24 hr and in addition demonstrated an increase in arachidonic acid-like activity. The results suggest that prostaglandins may play an important role between 6 and 24 hr of u.v.-B-induced erythema. Whether the reduction of erythema by indomethacin can be partially or wholly attributable to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis is uncertain.
Cell cycle activation contributes to post-mitotic cell death and secondary damage after spinal cord injury (2007)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes delayed secondary biochemical alterations that lead to tissue loss and associated neurological dysfunction. Up-regulation of cell cycle proteins occurs in both neurons and glia after SCI and may contribute to these changes. The present study examined the role of cell cycle activation on secondary injury after severe SCI in rat. SCI caused cell cycle protein up-regulation associated with neuronal and oligodendroglial apoptosis, glial scar formation and microglial activation. Treatment with the cell cycle inhibitor flavopiridol reduced cell cycle protein induction and significantly improved functional recovery versus vehicle-treated controls at 21 and 28 days post-injury. Treatment also significantly reduced lesion volume, as measured by MRI and histology, decreased astrocytic reactivity, attenuated neuronal and oligodendroglial apoptosis and reduced the production of factors associated with microglial activation. Thus, flavopiridol treatment improves outcome after SCI by inhibiting cell cycle pathways, resulting in beneficial multifactorial actions on neurons and glia.
Inhibition of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) Production in Human Cells by Ribozymes Against IL-1β and IL-1β Converting Enzyme (ICE) (2000)

We and others have shown previously that hairpin ribozyme genes, when stably expressed in cells, can reduce the steady-state levels of target mRNA and their cognate proteins. Despite this capability, ribozymes have not been as widely used in knockdown experiments as one might expect, probably because specific rules governing the selection of ribozymes that will have high activity have not been described. In this report, we show that parallel screening of less than 10 ribozyme expression constructs, with no advanced knowledge of cleavage activity or preselection, can efficiently identify knockdown ribozymes. This empirical selection study, which used interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) as example targets, resulted in (1) the rapid identification of ribozymes that can reduce the production of IL-1beta in THP-1 cultures by 10-fold and (2) the consequent direct generation of stable knockdown cell lines. We conclude, based on these and similar studies, that parallel screening of ribozyme constructs could be used in high throughput gene functional analysis programs as a means of rapidly generating specific knockdown cell lines.
Energy efficiency in wireless networks (2013)

Tämä pro gradu -työ on sekundääritutkimuksena tehty kirjallisuuskatsaus energiatehokkuuden tarkastelusta langattomissa verkoissa. Työssä tarkastellaan erilaisia mobiiliverkkojen energiansäästömahdollisuuksia. Pääpaino työssä on suunnattu erityisesti 3G ja LTE -verkkoihin, kuitenkin eksoottisempiakaan verkkoja unohtamatta. Työ alkaa erilaisten mobiiliverkkojen energiansäästösyiden ja tutkimusmotivaattoreiden tunnistamisella ja jatkuu langattomien verkkojen energian kulutuksen jaotuksella, sekä erilaisten energiansäästömahdollisuuksien vertailuilla. Työn empiirisessä osassa nostetaan lisäksi esille lyhyt Octave-simulaatio kollaboroivan mobiilipilven noodien energiansäästöstä. Työ päättyy yhteenvedolla erilaisista jo käytössä olevista energiansäästötavoista.
Field-emission light sources utilizing carbon nanotubes and composite phosphor made of SiO2 nanospheres covered with Y2O3:Eu (2009)

A new concept of field-emission light sources (FELS) with electrophoretically deposited carbon nanotubes and newly discovered nanocomposite phosphor is presented. The vacuum micromachined devices were fabricated from silicon and glass wafers. Two types of miniature devices were tested. The first consisted of the silicon cathode covered with indium-tin oxide (ITO) layer and carbon nanotubes. The anode was made of glass wafer covered with ITO contact layer and nanocomposite core-shell phosphor. Nanocrystalline composite phosphor was made of silica core spheres covered with europium doped yttrium oxide Y2O3:Eu shell. For this model structure bright and uniform light emission was obtained. The second type of light source consisted of SiO2∕Y2O3:Eu phosphor deposited onto cathode, directly on carbon nanotubes layer. For this device successful but nonuniform luminescence was observed. Fabricated FELS are technologically compatible with microsystem technology and can be integrated with microfluidic systems.
H.264 Transform and Coding (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Transform and quantization Block scan orders Coding Summary References
Olprinone attenuates excessive shear stress through up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in a rat excessive hepatectomy model (2010)

After extended hepatectomy, excessive shear stress in the remnant liver causes postoperative liver failure. Olprinone (OLP), a selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been reported to improve microcirculation and attenuate inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OLP on shear stress in rats with an excessive hepatectomy (EHx) model. In this study, EHx comprised 90% hepatectomy with ligation of the left and right Glisson's sheaths in Lewis rats. OLP or saline was intraperitoneally administered with an osmotic pump 48 hours before EHx. To evaluate the shear stress, we measured the portal vein (PV) pressure. We also assessed sinusoidal endothelial cell injury by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Furthermore, we assessed apoptosis in the liver with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling method. Treatment with OLP up-regulated hepatic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. The increase in the PV pressure due to Glisson's sheath ligation was attenuated in OLP-treated rats during a 30-minute period after ligation. Treatment with OLP preserved sinusoidal endothelial cells and reduced apoptosis in the remnant liver. The probability of survival in the OLP-treated rats was significantly better than that in the controls (33.3% versus 13.3%). Furthermore, the postoperative eNOS activity in the OLP-treated rats was higher than that in the controls. The administration of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester to OLP-treated rats eliminated the effects of OLP on PV pressure and survival after EHx. Therefore, we concluded that OLP attenuates excessive shear stress through the up-regulation of eNOS and improves the survival rate after EHx.
Reagent Design and Ligand Evolution for the Development of a Mild Copper-Catalyzed Hydroxylation Reaction (2017)

Parallel synthesis and mass-directed purification of a modular ligand library, high-throughput experimentation, and rational ligand evolution have led to a novel copper catalyst for the synthesis of phenols with a traceless hydroxide surrogate. The mild reaction conditions reported here enable the late-stage synthesis of numerous complex, druglike phenols.
Intracellular Acidosis Enhances the Excitability of Working Muscle (2004)

Intracellular acidification of skeletal muscles is commonly thought to contribute to muscle fatigue. However, intracellular acidosis also acts to preserve muscle excitability when muscles become depolarized, which occurs with working muscles. Here, we show that this process may be mediated by decreased chloride permeability, which enables action potentials to still be propagated along the internal network of tubules in a muscle fiber (the T system) despite muscle depolarization. These results implicate chloride ion channels in muscle function and emphasize that intracellular acidosis of muscle has protective effects during muscle fatigue.
Identification of amino acid residues involved in substrate recognition by the catalytic subunit of bovine cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase: peptide-based affinity labels (1988)

Two peptide-based affinity inactivators Ac-Leu-(BrAc)Orn-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (4) and Ac-Leu-Arg-(BrAc)Orn-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (5) were prepared as probes for the study of the nature of the active-site residues in the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase. Under conditions of inhibitor in excess, both peptides inactivated the catalytic subunit by an apparent biphasic process. A fast phase, which inactivated the protein by approximately 40%, was followed by a slow phase that accounted for the loss of the remaining enzyme activity. Protection experiments with the kinase substrates showed that the slow phase of inactivation was active site directed, while the fast phase was not. Studies with radioactively labeled peptides 4 and 5 indicated incorporation of two peptide residues per molecule of the catalytic subunit upon complete inactivation. This observation is consistent with the occurrence of one alkylation event in each phase of the inactivation. The protein was proteolyzed subsequent to its modification with radioactive peptides. High-performance liquid chromatography afforded two radioactive peptide fragments in each case, which were sequenced by Edman degradation. Peptide 4 alkylated Thr-197 and Glu-346, while peptide 5 modified Cys-199 and also Glu-346. Data are presented to support the conclusion that Thr-197 and Cys-199 are located at or near the active site.