gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Dynamic Analysis of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (2006)

Two different simulation models for integrated dynamic analysis of floating offshore wind turbines are described and compared with model scale experiments for the Hywind concept for floating offshore wind turbines. A variety of both environmental conditions and wind turbine control schemes are tested. A maximum power control strategy is applied for wind velocities below the rated wind speed for the wind turbine, while a constant power control strategy is achieved by controlling the rotor blade pitch for wind velocities above rated wind speed. Conventional rotor blade pitch control for wind velocities above rated wind speed introduces negative damping of the tower motion. This results in excitation of the natural frequency in pitch for the tower and may lead to unacceptable tower motions. Active damping of the undesirable tower motions is obtained by an additional pitch control algorithm based on measurement of the tower velocity.
Carbamazepine treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone maintenance patients with dual opiate-cocaine addiction. (1989)

The cocaine epidemic of the past decade is undermining the efficacy of methadone maintenance (MM) treatment. In an open clinical trial, 12 MM patients addicted to cocaine were offered carbamazepine (CBZ) as a pharmacological adjunct in the treatment of cocaine dependence. Patients reported mild opiate withdrawal symptoms after initiation of CBZ treatment. Methadone serum trough (MST) levels taken before CBZ were compared with levels taken 7-10 days later, with an average decrease in MST levels of 60%. Patients (6) who continued on CBZ (average 144 days) reported a reduction in cocaine use, documented by random urine drug screens. Non-completers (6) who did not continue on CBZ (average 17 days) had no change in cocaine use.
Serological Expression Cloning of Novel Immunoreactive Antigens of <i>Babesia microti</i> (2000)

Increased recognition of the prevalence of human babesiosis in the United States, together with rising concern about the potential for transmission of this infection by blood transfusion, has provided motivation to develop definitive serologic and molecular tests for the causative agent, Babesia microti. To develop more sensitive and specific assays for B. microti, we screened a genomic expression library with patient serum pools. This screening resulted in the identification of three classes of novel genes and an additional two novel, unrelated genes, which together encode a total of 17 unique B. microti antigens. The first class (BMN1-2 family) of genes encodes seven closely related antigens with a degenerate six-amino-acid repeat that shows limited homology to Plasmodium sp. merozoite and sporozoite surface antigens. A second class (BMN1-8 family) of genes encodes six related antigens, and the third class (BMN1-17 family) of genes encodes two related antigens. The two remaining genes code for novel and unrelated sequences. Among the three classes of antigens and remaining novel sequences, five were chosen to code for the most immunodominant antigens (BMN1-2, -9, -15, and -17 and MN-10). Western blot analysis with the resulting recombinant proteins indicated that these antigens were targets of humoral immune responses during B. microti infection in humans.
Starch-Based Quenchants as an Eco-Friendly Alternative to Quenching Oil (2008)

Abstract Petroleum-based mineral oil is a commonly used quenching media for heat treatment, due to its moderate cooling rate which provides minimum distortion to components. However, quenching oil is also associated with several environmental liabilities such as oil fumes, fire hazard, oil spills, leaking underground storage tanks, and waste oil disposal liabilities. As a result, the use of oil as a quenching media is being discouraged and is listed as one of the significant concerns in the Vision 2020 technology roadmap of the ASM Heat Treating Society. In the present work, starch-based quenchants have been developed as an eco-friendly alternative to oil quenchant. It has been shown that by tailoring the composition, the peak cooling rate as well as peak temperature can be optimized to provide the required cooling characteristics for a wide range of materials. Industrial trials on tool steels have shown cooling characteristics and uniformity in hardness of starch quenching similar to oil quenching.
Head-Size Equalization for Improved Visual Perception in Video Conferencing (2007)

In a video conferencing setting, people often use an elongated meeting table with the major axis along the camera direction. A standard wide-angle perspective image of this setting creates significant foreshortening, thus the people sitting at the far end of the table appear very small relative to those nearer the camera. This has two consequences. First, it is difficult for the remote participants to see the faces of those at the far end, thus affecting the experience of the video conferencing. Second, it is a waste of the screen space and network bandwidth because most of the pixels are used on the background instead of on the faces of the meeting participants. In this paper, we present a novel technique, called Spatially-Varying-Uniform scaling functions, to warp the images to equalize the head sizes of the meeting participants without causing undue distortion. This technique works for both the 180-degree views where the camera is placed at one end of the table and the 360-degree views where the camera is placed at the center of the table. We have implemented this algorithm on two types of camera arrays: one with 180-degree view, and the other with 360-degree view. On both hardware devices, image capturing, stitching, and head-size equalization are run in real time. In addition, we have conducted user study showing that people clearly prefer head-size equalized images.
Versatile Synthesis of <i>m</i><i>eso</i>-Aryloxy- and Alkoxy-Substituted Porphyrins via Palladium-Catalyzed C−O Cross-Coupling Reactions (2003)

[reaction: see text] meso-Aryloxy- and alkoxy-substituted porphyrins were conveniently synthesized by direct reactions of meso-halogenated porphyrins with alcohols via palladium-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling reactions. Using a combination of palladium precursor Pd(OAc)(2) or Pd(2)(dba)(3) and phosphine ligand DPEphos or Xantphos allowed both 5-bromo-10,20-diarylporphyrin and 5,15-dibromo-10,20-diarylporphyrin, as well as their zinc complexes, to be effectively coupled with a variety of alcohols to give the corresponding mono- and bis-substituted meso-aryloxy/alkoxyporphyrins in moderate to high yields under mild conditions.
3-D Target Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using RSS and AoA Measurements (2016)

This paper addresses target localization problems in both noncooperative and cooperative 3-D wireless sensor networks (WSNs), for both cases of known and unknown sensor transmit power, i.e., PT . We employ a hybrid system that fuses distance and angle measurements, extracted from the received signal strength and angle-of-arrival information, respectively. Based on range and angle measurement models, we derive a novel nonconvex estimator based on the least squares criterion. The derived nonconvex estimator tightly approximates the maximum-likelihood estimator for small noise. We then show that the developed estimator can be transformed into a generalized trust region subproblem framework, by following the squared range approach, for noncooperative WSNs. For cooperative WSNs, we show that the estimator can be transformed into a convex problem by applying appropriate semidefinite programming relaxation techniques. Moreover, we show that the generalization of the proposed estimators for known PT is straightforward to the case where PT is not known. Our simulation results show that the new estimators have excellent performance and are robust to not knowing PT . The new estimators for noncooperative localization significantly outperform the existing estimators, and our estimators for cooperative localization show exceptional performance in all considered settings.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Sensors Based on a Monosubstituted Fluorescein Platform (2004)

The synthesis of a new fluorescein carboxaldehyde asymmetrically substituted on the xanthene (top) ring is reported. This molecule is a key precursor for two of three monofunctionally derivatized fluorescein-based Zn(II) sensors presented in this work. Detailed preparative routes to, and photophysical characterization of, these sensors are described. The sensors are based on the previously reported ZP4 motif (Burdette, S. C.; Frederickson, C. J.; Bu, W.; Lippard, S. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 1778-1787) and incorporate a di(2-picolyl)amine-containing aniline-derivatized ligand framework. By varying the nature of the substituent (X) para to the aniline nitrogen atom, which is responsible for PET quenching of the unbound ZP dye, we investigated the extent to which such electronic tuning might improve the fluorescent properties of asymmetrical ZP sensors. Although a comparison of probes with X = H, F, Cl, OMe reveals that the photophysical behavior of these dyes is not readily predictable, our methodology illustrates the ease with which aniline-based ligands may be linked to fluorescein dyes.
A method for estimating local traffic load in a simulcast radio system (1998)

This paper presents a simple method for estimating the average local traffic load in a simulcast radio system. Such estimation is crucial to achieving efficient resource sharing and dynamic reconfiguration of the simulcast areas. The proposed method is based only on relative power measurements at each radio port (or distributed antenna element) and is applicable to both code-division multiple-access (CDMA) and time-division multiple-access (TDMA) systems. Simulation results are derived to test the method over various system conditions and assumptions. The proposed method is shown to provide excellent results, giving estimates to within /spl plusmn/15% of the actual Erlang traffic, while requiring only an approximate knowledge of the radio propagation environment.
Gun muzzle flash detection using CMOS sensors (2013)

This study focuses on the detection of muzzle flash detection of small arms using low cost silicon CMOS-based sensors and imagers. Two types of sensors are utilized: CMOS Image Sensors and CMOS-SPADs (Single Photon Avalanche Diodes). The detection approach is based on Near-Infrared (NIR) spectral features of muzzle flash originating from alkali metal flash suppressing additives in the gun powder. The spectral signature around wavelength of 760nm allows achieving adequate signal to noise ratio even in day light.
Regulation of Cardiovascular Development and Physiology by Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor 1<sup>a</sup> (1999)

Hypoxia is an essential pathophysiologic component of ischemic cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive responses to hypoxia may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS domain transcription factor that mediates changes in gene expression in response to changes in O2 concentration. Genes that are transcriptionally activated by HIF-1 in hypoxic cells encode proteins that increase O2 delivery or allow metabolic adaptation to limited O2 availability. HIF-1 target genes include those encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erythropoietin, glucose transporters, and glycolytic enzymes. In anemic fetal sheep, increased myocardial vascularization was associated with concomitant increases in the expression of HIF-1 and VEGF. Expression of HIF-1 target genes was not induced by hypoxia in embryonic stem cells lacking expression of the O2-regulated HIF-1 alpha subunit. Mouse embryos lacking HIF-1 alpha expression arrested in their development by E9.0 and died by E10.5 with cardiovascular malformations and massive cell death throughout the embryo. These studies indicate that HIF-1 functions as a master regulator of O2 homeostasis that controls the establishment of essential physiologic systems during embryogenesis as well as their subsequent utilization during fetal and postnatal life.
CMOS Angle Sensitive Pixels for 3-D Imaging (2012)

Angle Sensitive Pixels (ASPs) are micro-scale diffractive structures sensitive to the angular distribution of incident light. Arrays of ASPs, built in standard CMOS, are able to image 3-D structures with or without a lens.
An integrated ultrasonic–inductive pulse sensor for wear debris detection (2012)

One approach to detect signs of potential machine failure is to detect wear debris in the lubrication oil of a rotating or reciprocating machine because the size and the concentration of wear debris particles in the oil show a direct relationship with the level of wear. In this article, a proof-of-principle integrated wear debris sensor consisting of an ultrasonic pulse sensor and an inductive pulse sensor for detecting wear debris in lubrication oil is presented. The ultrasonic pulse sensor detects all solid debris (metallic and non-metallic debris). A flow recess structure is utilized to ensure that all wear debris passes the acoustic focal region so that all debris can be accurately counted and sized. The inductive pulse sensor detects and counts all metallic debris (ferrous and non-ferrous) based on the inductive Coulter counting principle. By comparing the results from the two sensing components, the sensor is capable of differentiating and detecting non-metallic debris, ferrous metallic debris and non-ferrous metallic debris.
<title>Recent developments and applications of quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane arrays</title> (2000)

One of the simplest device realizations of the classic particle-in-the-box problem of basic quantum mechanics is the Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP). In this paper we discuss the effect of focal plane array non-uniformity on the performance, optimization of the detector design, material growth and processing that has culminated in realization of large format long-wavelength QWIP cameras, holding forth great promise for many applications in 6 - 18 micron wavelength range in science, medicine, defense and industry. In addition, we present the recent developments in long-wavelength/very long-wavelength dualband QWIP imaging camera for various applications.
Remote glucosyltransferase‐microparticle vaccine delivery induces protective immunity in the oral cavity (2003)

Intranasally administered dental caries vaccines show significant promise for human application. Alternate mucosal routes may be required, however, to induce caries-protective salivary IgA antibody in children with respiratory diseases. Since rectal mucosa contains inductive lymphoid tissue, we hypothesized that the rectal route could be used to induce salivary immunity to mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase (GTF), resulting in protective immunity to experimental dental caries. We first explored the ability of glucosyltransferase, incorporated into polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microparticles (MP), and administered rectally together with mucosal adjuvant, to induce a salivary IgA antibody response. Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (6/group) were immunized rectally on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 with a) GTF-MP alone, b) GTF-MP with cholera toxin, c) GTF-MP with detoxified mutant Escherichia coli toxin (dLT), or d) sham immunized with PLGA and cholera toxin. An additional group was immunized intranasally with GTF-MP alone. Saliva and nasal washes of all intranasally immunized rats contained IgA antibody to glucosyltransferase on day 28. Salivary IgA antibody was also detected in 7/12 rats rectally immunized with GTF-MP and cholera toxin or dLT, although responses were lower than those obtained by intranasal immunization. Most fecal extracts from rectally delivered GTF-MP plus cholera toxin or dLT rats contained IgA antibody to GTF-MP. Low levels of fecal IgA antibody were detected in 3/6 intranasally immunized rats and 2/6 rats rectally immunized with GTF-MP alone. We then examined the extent to which salivary IgA antibody induced by the rectal route could be protective. At 25, 31 and 38 days of age, two groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (13/group) were rectally immunized with GTF-MP and cholera toxin or with empty microparticles and cholera toxin (sham group). A third group was intranasally immunized with GTF-MP alone. After demonstrating salivary IgA responses to GTF in most GTF-immunized rats, all animals were infected with streptomycin-resistant Streptococcus sobrinus and placed on diet 2000. After 79 days of infection, total caries on molar surfaces were lower in both rectally (7.9 +/- 1.0) and intranasally (7.1 +/- 0.9; P < 0.0.03) immunized groups compared with the sham-immunized group (11.9 +/- 1.6). Smooth surface caries were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in both rectally and intranasally immunized groups. These results support the interconnectedness of the mucosal immune system and indicate that rectal immunization with GTF-MP, together with adjuvant, or intranasal immunization with GTF-MP alone, can induce protective levels of salivary antibody in rats.
Multisegment Injection–Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry: A Robust Platform for High Throughput Metabolite Profiling with Quality Assurance (2018)

Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is a high efficiency separation platform for metabolomic studies that is ideal for the analysis of volume-restricted biological specimens. However, major technical hurdles prevent more widespread use of CE-MS technology, including poor method robustness that is supported by long-term validation studies. We outline efforts towards developing a more robust CE-MS method that offers significant improvements in sample throughput and data fidelity as required for large-scale clinical and epidemiological studies. In this chapter, multisegment injection (MSI)-CE-MS is demonstrated as a multiplexed separation platform for high throughput metabolite profiling in various biological samples with quality assurance. Careful attention to capillary preparation while using standardized operating protocols is critical for successful operations, including rigorous inter-method comparisons and batch-correction algorithms to adjust for system drift. MSI-CE-MS offers a versatile platform using serial injection formats for temporal encoding of mass spectral data, which allows for unambiguous identification and reliable quantification of both polar and non-polar ionic metabolites of clinical significance. Recent data workflows for accelerating biomarker discovery will be discussed, including new advances in population-based screening for early detection of in-born errors of metabolism, validation of lifestyle intervention studies that promote human health and comprehensive drug surveillance given the worldwide opioid crisis.
Surface-Expressed Mig Protein Protects<i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i>against Phagocytosis by Bovine Neutrophils (2001)

The mig gene of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, a major bovine mastitis pathogen, encodes two plasma protein-binding receptors, alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2-M) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). In this study, the mig gene from one S. dysgalactiae isolate was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The IgG receptor region encoded by mig was conserved in 16 S. dysgalactiae strains. An isogenic mig mutant was constructed by allele replacement mutagenesis of the wild-type gene in S. dysgalactiae. The IgG-binding activity was lost in the mig mutant strain, whereas the alpha2-M receptor activity was still expressed but was detected only in the culture supernatant. In flow cytometry phagocytosis and bacterial-colony-counting bactericidal assays, the wild-type strain was found to be significantly more resistant to phagocytosis and killing by bovine neutrophils (PMNs) than the mig mutant strain when bacteria were preincubated with bovine serum. We therefore speculate that the Mig protein of S. dysgalactiae plays a role in virulence of the bacteria by binding to the plasma protein alpha2-M or IgG and thus preventing phagocytosis by bovine PMNs.
RSS-AoA-based Target Localization and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks (2022)

The desire for precise knowledge about the location of a moving object at any time instant has motivated a great deal of scientific research recently. This is owing to a steady expansion of the range of enabling devices and technologies, as well as the need for seamless solutions for location-based services. Besides localization accuracy, a common requirement for emerging solutions is that they are cost-abstemious, both in terms of the financial and computational cost. Hence, development of localization strategies from already deployed technologies, e.g., from different terrestrial radio frequency sources is of great practical interest. Amongst other, these include localization strategies based on received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival, angle of arrival (AoA) or a combination of them.
Spectroscopic Analysis of the Interaction of Human Serum Albumin with Tricationic Phosphorus Porphyrins Bearing Axial Pyridinio Groups (2013)

Abstract Much attention has been paid to water-soluble porphyrins and metalloporphyrins as potential sensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Thus, water-soluble tricationic phosphorus porphyrin complexes were prepared via the introduction of an N-alkylpyridinio group on the axial ligands of phosphorus porphyrins. The resulting tricationic phosphorus porphyrins readily dissolve in aqueous solutions without the formation of aggregates, even at high concentration. Moreover, the affinity of the porphyrins to human serum albumin (HSA) is a key factor in their application to PDT since HSA plays an important role in the transport of drug molecules to a target cell. Interactions between the tricationic phosphorus porphyrins and HSA were examined on the basis of changes in the Soret bands of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of phosphorus porphyrin solutions in the presence of HSA and the fluorescence quenching of HSA by the tricationic phosphorus porphyrins. Tricationic phosphorus porphyrins with moderately long alkyl chains on the pyridinio group were strongly adsorbed on the HSA at a position near the tryptophan residue of HSA. This result suggests that tricationic phosphorus porphyrins containing alkyl groups are good candidates as PDT reagents because of their high water solubility and high affinity for HSA.
A Study for Measurement of Oil Film Thickness on Engine Bearing by using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Method (2003)

The focus of this study was to accurately measure the oil film thickness across the width of a connecting rod bearing operating under load. A new experimental method using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) was developed for this purpose. The oil film thickness setup was first calibrated under static load and the accuracy of the system was successfully confirmed. The experiment indicated that the oil film thickness near the outer edges of the bearing was thinner than at the center in all tested conditions. This phenomenon has not been verified experimentally until now. The experimental results were confirmed by Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL). This study indicates that the experimental method is useful to prove the calculation.