gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computerized analysis of interstitial disease in chest radiographs: Improvement of geometric-pattern feature analysis (1997)

We have been developing automated computerized schemes to assist radiologists in interpreting chest radiographs for interstitial disease based on texture analysis and geometric-pattern feature analysis. In this study, we attempted to improve the performance of the geometric-pattern feature analysis, because the current classification performance with geometric-pattern feature analysis is considerably lower than that of texture analysis. In order to improve the performance in distinguishing between normal lungs and abnormal lungs with interstitial disease, we attempted to remove rib edges in regions of interest (ROIs) by using an edge detection technique, and also to reduce false positives by using feature analysis techniques. In addition, the effects of many parameters on classification performance were investigated to identify proper threshold levels, and subsequently the specificity of the geometric-pattern feature analysis was improved from 69.5% to 86.1% at a sensitivity of 95.0%. Using a combined rule-based method with texture analysis and geometric-pattern feature analysis plus the artificial neural network (ANN) method for classification, a high specificity of 96.1% was obtained at a sensitivity of 95.0%.
Dengue‐4 envelope domain III fused twice within the meningococcal P64k protein carrier induces partial protection in mice (2008)

A vaccine against dengue virus must be able to induce an effective and equivalent immune response to the four viral serotypes; however, some studies have revealed that DEN4 (dengue-virus serotype 4) induces a weaker immune response than the others in quadrivalent (tetravalent') formulations. We have previously reported the protective capacity, in a viral encephalitis murine model, of fusion protein P64k-envelope domain III of DEN1, DEN2 and DEN3. We also reported that the P64k protein can be used as a carrier in two different positions: the insertion following the first 45 amino acids and the fusion at the C-terminus. Considering the low immunogenicity described for DEN4, in the present study we obtained a novel chimaeric protein by inserting two dengue-4 envelope domains III in both sites of P64k (PD24), and hence increasing the presence of the virus in the final construct. After expression in Escherichia coli and semipurification, the protein exhibited a pattern of high molecular mass and was well recognized by human and murine polyclonal antibodies. The protein was finally evaluated in mice, Al(OH)(3) being employed as the adjuvant. Even though the animals exhibited low levels of antiviral antibodies, the recombinant protein induced significant protection against lethal challenge with dengue-4 virus.
High‐Performance SOFC Cathodes Prepared by Infiltration (2009)

Abstract Improved cathodes are required for low‐temperature operation of solid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Recent work has shown that electrode fabrication and modification by infiltration of active components into a porous scaffold can result in outstanding electrochemical performance. In this paper we review the literature on this new approach for cathode preparation and discuss the insights that this work has provided for understanding the relationships between the materials properties, electrochemical performance, and electrode stability.
The role of proteomics in understanding biological mechanisms of sepsis (2013)

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory state caused by infection. Complications of this infection with multiple organ failure lead to more lethal conditions, such as severe sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of US deaths. Novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity may be helpful for early diagnosis of sepsis and for improvement of patient outcomes through the development of new therapies. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics offers powerful tools to identify such biomarkers and furthermore to give insight to fundamental mechanisms of this clinical condition. In this review, we summarize findings from proteomics studies of sepsis and how their applications have provided more understanding into the pathogenesis of septic infection. Literatures related to "proteomics", "sepsis", "systemic inflammatory response syndrome", "severe sepsis", "septic infection", and "multiple organ dysfunction syndrome" were searched using PubMed. Findings about neonatal and adult sepsis are discussed separately. Within the adult sepsis studies, results are grouped based on the models (e.g., human or animal). Across investigations in clinical populations and in rodent and mammalian animal models, biological pathways, such as inflammatory and acute phase response, coagulation, complement, mitochondrial energy metabolism, chaperones, and oxidative stress, are altered at the protein level. These proteomics studies have discovered many novel biomarker candidates of septic infection. Validation the clinical use of these biomarker candidates may significantly impact the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. In addition, the molecular mechanisms revealed by these studies may also guide the development of more effective treatments.
Digital-signal-processor-based dynamic imaging system for optical tomography (2007)

In this article, we introduce a dynamic optical tomography system that is, unlike currently available analog instrumentation, based on digital data acquisition and filtering techniques. At the core of this continuous wave instrument is a digital signal processor (DSP) that collects, collates, processes, and filters the digitized data set. The processor is also responsible for managing system timing and the imaging routines which can acquire real-time data at rates as high as 150 Hz. Many of the synchronously timed processes are controlled by a complex programmable logic device that is also used in conjunction with the DSP to orchestrate data flow. The operation of the system is implemented through a comprehensive graphical user interface designed with LABVIEW software which integrates automated calibration, data acquisition, data organization, and signal postprocessing. Performance analysis demonstrates very low system noise (approximately 1 pW rms noise equivalent power), excellent signal precision (<0.04%-0.2%) and long term system stability (<1% over 40 min). A large dynamic range (approximately 190 dB) accommodates a wide scope of measurement geometries and tissue types. First experiments on tissue phantoms show that dynamic behavior is accurately captured and spatial location can be correctly tracked using this system.
A recombinant hybrid protein as antigen for an anti-blood stage malaria vaccine: a study on the conservation of a protective component (1992)

Recently we have shown that two hybrid proteins expressed in Escherichia coli confer protective immunity to Aotus monkeys against an experimental Plasmodium falciparum infection (Knapp et al., 1992). Both hybrid proteins carry a sequence containing amino acids 631 to 764 of the serine stretch protein SERP (Knapp et al., 1989b). We have studied the diversity of this SERP region in field isolates of P. falciparum. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of six donors from different endemic areas of Brazil and West Africa. The SERP region encoding amino acids 630 to 781 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Only conserved amino acid substitutions in maximally two positions of the analyzed SERP fragment could be detected which supports the suitability of this SERP region as a component of an anti-blood stage malaria vaccine.
Evaluation of mammalian and bacterial cell activity on titanium surface coated with dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids (2016)

This work presents a new strategy to protect titanium surfaces against bacterial colonization and biofilm formation using dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquid coatings.
Parametric description of object motion using EMUs (2000)

Large scale deployment of digital multimedia applications requires effective and efficient image and video representations for indexing. We present a hierarchical representation of video objects based on their motion. The proposed representation enables both low and semantic level description of object motion. At the low level, we consider a parametric description of the dominant motion of video objects, and define elementary motion units (EMU) where the dominant motion of the object is coherent and does not undergo considerable change. A group of EMUs forms an action unit which carries semantic information. Interactions between objects are also considered by calculating the relative motion between objects in an object-based framework. Experimental results for retrieval of EMUs based on similarity of dominant object motion are demonstrated.
Self‐Tuning the Carrier Concentration of PbTe/Ag<sub>2</sub>Te Composites with Excess Ag for High Thermoelectric Performance (2011)

Abstract Thermoelectric materials can be optimized by tuning the carrier concentration with chemical doping. However, because the optimum dopant concentration typically increases with temperature, the optimum efficiency can not normally be achieved for a uniform material in a temperature gradient. Here, we show Ag‐doped PbTe/Ag 2 Te composites exhibit high thermoelectric performance (∼50% greater than La‐doped composites) because of a temperature induced gradient in the doping concentration caused by the temperature‐dependent solubility of Ag in the PbTe matrix. This demonstrates a new mechanism to achieve a higher thermoelectric efficiency afforded by a given material system, and should be applicable to other thermoelectric materials.
28.3: Dense Disparity Map Calculation from Color Stereo Images using Edge Information (2007)

Abstract We have developed the stereo‐corresponding algorithm using edge information. The conventional stereo‐corresponding algorithm, SAD (Sum of Absolute Difference), has a good quality in case of texture region, but it has a false matching in the non‐texture region. In order to reduce the false matching in the non‐texture region, the new cost function, which is defined as SED (Sum of Edge Difference) based on the global optimization, is added to the cost function of SAD. We evaluate our algorithm and benchmark Middlebury database. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm successfully produces piecewise smooth disparity maps while reducing the false matching in the non‐texture region. Moreover, our algorithm is faster in getting the best quality than SAD.
Specific IgG Response against Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in Children and Adults with Crohn’s Disease (2013)

A significant increase in anti-L5P IgG is observed in sera of children and adults with CD but not in patients with other intestinal inflammatory diseases. Anti-L5P antibodies may serve as serological marker for CD.
<title>Dali multimedia software library</title> (1998)

This paper presents a new approach for constructing libraries for building processing-intensive multimedia software. Such software is currently constructed either by using high-level libraries or by writing it `from scratch' using C. We have found that the first approach produces inefficient code, while the second approach is time- consuming and produces complex code that is difficult to maintain or reuse. We therefore designed and implemented Dali, a set of reusable, high-performance primitives and abstractions that are at an intermediate level of abstraction between C and conventional libraries. By decomposing common multimedia data types and operations into thin abstractions and primitives, programs written using Dali achieve performance competitive with hand-tuned C code, but are shorter and more reusable. Furthermore, Dali programs can employ optimizations that are difficult to exploit in C (because the code is so verbose) and impossible using conventional libraries (because the abstractions are too thick). We discuss the design of Dali, show several example programs written using Dali, and show that programs written in Dali achieve performance competitive to hand- tuned C programs.
An integrated LC-ESI chip with electrochemical-based gradient generation (2004)

This work reports the first on-chip generation of gradient elution using electrochemical pumping, for application in Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization (LC-ESI). The system consists of Parylene, SU-8 and PDMS parts to create two 3 /spl mu/L on-chip solvent reservoirs, two electrochemical pumps and an ESI nozzle. Pumping is controlled galvanostatically (i.e., through electrolysis current). At low back pressures, pumping rate can reach 200 nL/min using just 40 /spl mu/A (power consumption <100 /spl mu/W). At 80 psi, 200 /spl mu/A (power consumption <1 mW) is sufficient to deliver fluid at 75 nL/min. Higher electrical currents have been used to increase the flow rate or to achieve pumping at higher back pressures. For example, pumping at 200 psi back pressure has been demonstrated using a current of 800 /spl mu/A. Electrically controlled on-chip gradient generation is achieved without any external fluidic connections to the chip. Continuous generation of gradients for 30 minutes at a total flow rate of /spl sim/100 nL/min is also realized and confirmed with mass spectroscopy (MS) measurements. The developed on-chip gradient generation system meets the general requirements of LC applications.
Human IgE producing B cells have a unique transcriptional program and generate high affinity, allergen-specific antibodies (2018)

Abstract IgE antibodies provide defense against helminth infections, but can also cause life-threatening allergic reactions. Despite their importance to human health, these antibodies and the cells that produce them remain enigmatic due to their scarcity in humans; much of our knowledge of their properties is derived from model organisms. Here we describe the isolation of IgE producing B cells from the blood of individuals with food allergies, followed by a detailed study of their properties by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). We discovered that IgE B cells are deficient in membrane immunoglobulin expression and that the IgE plasmablast state is more immature than that of other antibody producing cells. Through recombinant expression of monoclonal antibodies derived from single cells, we identified IgE antibodies which had unexpected cross-reactive specificity for major peanut allergens Ara h 2 and Ara h 3; not only are these among the highest affinity native human antibodies discovered to date, they represent a surprising example of convergent evolution in unrelated individuals who independently evolved nearly identical antibodies. Finally, we discovered that splicing within B cells of all isotypes reveals polarized germline transcription of the IgE, but not IgG4, isotype as well as several examples of biallelic expression of germline transcripts. Our results offer insights into IgE B cell transcriptomics, clonality and regulation, provide a striking example of adaptive immune convergence, and offer an approach for accelerating mechanistic disease understanding by characterizing a rare B cell population underlying IgE-mediated disease at single cell resolution.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Based on a Self-Organizing Recurrent Neural Network (2015)

A nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme is developed in this paper based on a self-organizing recurrent radial basis function (SR-RBF) neural network, whose structure and parameters are adjusted concurrently in the training process. The proposed SR-RBF neural network is represented in a general nonlinear form for predicting the future dynamic behaviors of nonlinear systems. To improve the modeling accuracy, a spiking-based growing and pruning algorithm and an adaptive learning algorithm are developed to tune the structure and parameters of the SR-RBF neural network, respectively. Meanwhile, for the control problem, an improved gradient method is utilized for the solution of the optimization problem in NMPC. The stability of the resulting control system is proved based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the proposed SR-RBF neural network-based NMPC (SR-RBF-NMPC) is used to control the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a wastewater treatment process (WWTP). Comparisons with other existing methods demonstrate that the SR-RBF-NMPC can achieve a considerably better model fitting for WWTP and a better control performance for DO concentration.
Dual-Acting Thromboxane Receptor Antagonist/Synthase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Properties of [2-Substituted-4-(3-pyridyl)-1,3-dioxan-5-yl]alkenoic Acids (1995)

The design, synthesis, and pharmacology of a new class of compounds possessing both thromboxane receptor antagonist and thromboxane synthase inhibitory properties are described. Replacement of the phenol group of the known thromboxane antagonist series 4(Z)-6-[(4RS,5SR)-4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxan-5-yl] hex-4-enoic acid by a 3-pyridyl group led to a series of compounds, 5, which were potent thromboxane synthase inhibitors and weak thromboxane antagonists. Further modifications at the dioxane C2 position led to compounds, 7, which were potent dual-acting agents. In the case of compound 7w, the dual activity was shown to reside almost exclusively in the (-)-enantiomer, 7x. Following oral dosing to rats and dogs, 7x (3 mg/kg) displayed significant dual activity over a period of at least 8 h.
Multi-camera conical imaging; calibration and robust 3-D motion estimation for ROV based mapping and positioning (2005)

Over the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in developing vision systems and technologies that support the operation of unmanned submersible platforms. Selected examples include the detection of obstacles and tracking of moving targets, station keeping and positioning, pipeline following, navigation and mapping. Currently, these developments rely on images form standard CCD cameras with a single optical center and limited field of view, making them restrictive for some applications. Panoramic images have been explored extensively in recent years (Peleg et al., 2001; Swaminathan et al., 2001; Yagi and Yachida, 1991; Zhang et al., 1991; Zheng and Tsuji, 1992), and was previously proposed for a number of applications, capabilities, and operational modes of underwater vehicles (Negahdaripour et al., 1988); scenarios that are also common in airborne and space robotics applications. A particular configuration of interest in this investigation yields a conical view. Unlike a single catadioptric camera (Gluckman and Nayar, 1999; Swaminathan et al., 2001), combination of conventional cameras may be used to generate images at much higher resolution (Negahdaripour et al., 2001). In this paper, we derive complete mathematical model of projection and image motion equations for a down-look conical camera that may be installed on a mobile platform - e.g., a submersible or airborne system in terrain flyover imaging. We describe the calibration of a system comprising multiple cameras with overlapping fields of view to generate the conical view. We finally demonstrate through experiments with synthetic and real data that such images provide improved accuracy in 3-D visual motion estimation. Which is the underlying issue in a number of key problems, including 3-D positioning, navigation, mapping, as well as image registration and photo-mosaicing.
Analysis and Experimental Implementation of Optical Beamformers. (1987)

Abstract : Most modern beamformers are implemented on a digital computer. This report examines the potential for analog optical beamforming systems to meet the proposed requirements. The report lists various beamforming algorithms and their calculational complexity; a list of the strengths and weaknesses of digital implementations is also included. Various general algorithms for time and frequency domain optical beamforming are then described. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of designing efficient interfaces between analog optical and electronic systems and digital systems. Details of three implementations of optical beamformers are presented: cross bar and partial sum time domain beamformers, and a vector matrix frequency domain beamformer. Without further research it is not possible to determine the maximum practical capability of an optical beamformer, but frequency domain optical beamforming systems look promising for systems requiring large numbers of beams. The experimental optical vector matrix processor has been designed, constructed, and configured to perform frequency domain beamforming at a rate of 2 x 10 to the 9th power 8-bit multiplies/sec. It also is likely that optical beamformers can meet the low power and size requirements in certain applications such as on board processing for sonobuoys employing hydrophone arrays: an architecture has been developed with potential power consumption of 20mW. Early architectures were implemented using commercial liquid crystal display devices but their response times proved inadequate. The more promising architecture uses fiberoptic couplers and a photodetector array/CCD MUX and is currently in the breadboarding stage of development.
Ultrafast strain gauge: Observation of THz radiation coherently generated by acoustic waves (2008)

The study of nanoscale, terahertz frequency (THz) acoustic waves has great potential for elucidating material and chemical interactions as well as nanostructure characterization. Here we report the first observation of terahertz radiation coherently generated by an acoustic wave. Such emission is directly related to the time-dependence of the stress as the acoustic wave crosses an interface between materials of differing piezoelectric response. This phenomenon enables a new class of strain wave metrology that is fundamentally distinct from optical approaches, providing passive remote sensing of the dynamics of acoustic waves with ultrafast time resolution. The new mechanism presented here enables nanostructure measurements not possible using existing optical or x-ray approaches.
Polarizing Ytterbium-Doped all-Solid Photonic Bandgap Fiber with 1150 micrometers2 Effective Mode Area (2015)

Abstract : We demonstrate an Yb-doped polarizing all-solid photonic bandgap fiber for single-polarization and single-mode operation with an effective mode area of 1150m2, a record for all-solid photonic bandgap fibers. The differential polarization mode loss is measured to be 5dB/m over the entire transmission band with a 160nm bandwidth and 15dB/m on the short wavelength edge of the band. A 2.6m long fiber was tested in a laser configuration producing a linearly polarized laser output with a PER value of 21dB without any polarizer, the highest for any fiber lasers based on polarizing fibers.
Plant nitrate transporters: from gene function to application (2017)

We summarize nitrate transporters and discuss their potential in breeding for improved nitrogen use efficiency and yield.