gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of Asymmetric Bow-Tie PAMAM Dendrimer-Based Conjugates for Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery (2018)

A unique asymmetric bow-tie poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (ABTD) scaffold was designed and developed as a well-defined macromolecular carrier for tumor-targeted drug delivery. The ABTD scaffold in this study consists of a G3-half-dendron (G3-HD) unit and a G1-half-dendron (G1-HD) unit, bearing thiol moiety in each unit and a bis(maleimide) linker unit, which undergo sequential thiol-maleimide coupling to assemble the scaffold. This assembly methodology is applicable to all other combinations of different generations of PAMAM dendrimers. In the prototype ABTD in this study, 16 biotin moieties were tethered to the G3-HD unit and 4 payloads (new-generation taxoid) to the G1-HD via a self-immolative linker to form an ABTD-tumor-targeting conjugate (ABTD-TTC-1). Two other ABTD-TTCs were synthesized, wherein the G1-HD unit was tethered to a fluorescence-labeled taxoid or to a fluorescent probe. These three ABTD-TTCs were constructed by using a common key ABTD <b>6</b> bearing a terminal acetylene group in the G1-HD unit, which was fully characterized as a single molecule by high-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR despite its high molecular weight (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>: 12 876). Then, the click reaction was employed to couple ABTD <b>6</b> with a small-molecule payload or fluorescence probe unit bearing a terminal azide moiety. ABTD-TTC-3, as a surrogate of ABTD-TTC-2, showed substantially enhanced internalization into two cancer cell lines via receptor-mediated endocytosis, attributed to multibinding effect. ABTD-TTC-1 exhibited a remarkable selectivity to cancer cells (1400-7500 times) compared to human normal cells, which demonstrates the salient feature and bright prospect of the ABTD-based tumor-targeted drug-delivery system.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the potential to immunise against infection (2005)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a serious pathogen for specific cohorts of patients where chronic infection is a poor prognostic indicator, such as those with cystic fibrosis, burn wounds or those who are immunocompromised. Significant disease burden is associated with a diverse spectrum of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections. To date, vaccines against P. aeruginosa have shown limited and often conflicting efficacy data, especially against heterologous strains, which are increasingly identified as co-colonisers of biofilms. While few studies have gone beyond Phase II clinical trials, a particular concern is the ability of P. aeruginosa to evade the immune system while provoking an immune response that contributes to the destructive nature of infection. Therefore, vaccine development needs to focus on preventing attachment and colonisation, as well as preventing conversion to a mucoid phenotype that is characteristic of the chronic condition that promotes pathology.
Full‐waveform seismic inversion using the source‐receiver compression approach (2010)

We present a source‐receiver compression approach for reducing the computational time and memory usage of the acoustic and elastic full‐waveform inversion. By detecting and quantifying the extent of redundancy in the data, we assemble a reduced set of simultaneous sources and receivers that are weighted sums of the physical sources and receivers used in the survey. Because the number of these simultaneous sources and receivers can be significantly less than those of the physical sources and receivers, the computational time and memory usage of any gradient‐type inversion method can be tremendously reduced. The scheme is based on decomposing the data into their principal components using a singular value decomposition approach and the data reduction is done through the elimination of the small eigenvalues. Consequently this will suppress the effect of noise in the data.
Plasma deposition of thin films from a fluorine‐containing cyclosiloxane (1994)

Abstract Thin films have been deposited from radio‐frequency glow discharges fed with vapors of a silicon‐ and fluorine‐containing organic compound, namely 2,4,6‐tris[(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl) (methyl)] cyclotrisiloxane, in mixture with argon. magnified image 2,4,6‐tris[(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)(methyl)]cyclotrisiloxane A triode reactor has been utilized to deposit films by independently changing substrate temperature and bias‐induced ion‐bombardment. Laser interferometry, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy have been used to monitor film growth rate and composition. Results unambiguously show an activating effect of the ion‐bombardment, which confirm the validity of the ion‐assisted deposition model utilized for the plasma deposition of both teflon‐ and silicone‐like films. In our experiments, low substrate temperature and bias conditions results in films with a “monomer‐like” stoichiometry, while drastic conditions give origin to materials with a completely different composition and a markedly increased hardness. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reversal Agents in Development for the New Oral Anticoagulants (2014)

The new oral anticoagulants have many advantages over vitamin K antagonists, but they are still associated with a troublesome incidence of major bleeding. Additionally, the absence of a reversal agent for the new oral anticoagulants is a barrier to their more widespread use. Currently, there are 3 potential reversal agents in development: idarucizumab is a humanized murine monoclonal antibody fragment directed specifically at dabigatran; andexanet alfa is a recombinant modified decoy factor Xa that binds to factor Xa inhibitors; and PER977 is a small molecule that binds to factor Xa and IIa inhibitors and to heparin-based anticoagulants through charge interaction. These agents have undergone phase I clinical testing, appear to be well tolerated in healthy volunteers, and are effective in neutralizing their respective targets. All 3 are currently undergoing or entering into a phase II or III clinical study. This article reviews the available data for idarucizumab, andexanet alfa, and PER977.
Latency Equalization as a New Network Service Primitive (2011)

Multiparty interactive network applications such as teleconferencing, network gaming, and online trading are gaining popularity. In addition to end-to-end latency bounds, these applications require that the delay difference among multiple clients of the service is minimized for a good interactive experience. We propose a Latency EQualization (LEQ) service, which equalizes the perceived latency for all clients participating in an interactive network application. To effectively implement the proposed LEQ service, network support is essential. The LEQ architecture uses a few routers in the network as hubs to redirect packets of interactive applications along paths with similar end-to-end delay. We first formulate the hub selection problem, prove its NP-hardness, and provide a greedy algorithm to solve it. Through extensive simulations, we show that our LEQ architecture significantly reduces delay difference under different optimization criteria that allow or do not allow compromising the per-user end-to-end delay. Our LEQ service is incrementally deployable in today's networks, requiring just software modifications to edge routers.
Self-assembled <sup>nat</sup>LiCl–CeCl<sub>3</sub> directionally solidified eutectics for thermal neutron detection (2020)

We developed novel LiCl–CeCl<sub>3</sub> eutectic scintillators that are capable of detecting thermal neutrons.
Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor Opposes Mesothelioma Growth Driven by Tissue Factor (2013)

The procoagulant protein tissue factor (F3) is a powerful growth promoter in many tumors, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. More generally, it is unknown whether hemostatic factors expressed on tumor cells influence tissue factor-mediated effects on cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the influence of tissue factor, endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR, PROCR), and protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1, F2R) on the growth of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), using human MPM cells that lack or express tissue factor, EPCR or PAR1, and an orthotopic nude mouse model of MPM. Intrapleural administration of MPM cells expressing tissue factor and PAR1 but lacking EPCR and PAR2 (F2RL1) generated large tumors in the pleural cavity. Suppression of tissue factor or PAR1 expression in these cells markedly reduced tumor growth. In contrast, tissue factor overexpression in nonaggressive MPM cells that expressed EPCR and PAR1 with minimal levels of tissue factor did not increase their limited tumorigenicity. More importantly, ectopic expression of EPCR in aggressive MPM cells attenuated their growth potential, whereas EPCR silencing in nonaggressive MPM cells engineered to overexpress tissue factor increased their tumorigenicity. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that EPCR expression in tumor cells reduced tumor cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Overall, our results enlighten the mechanism by which tissue factor promotes tumor growth through PAR1, and they show how EPCR can attenuate the growth of tissue factor-expressing tumor cells.
LED‐Induced Polymerization (385, 405, and 455 nm) Using Star‐Shaped Tris(4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine Derivatives as Light‐Harvesting Photoinitiators (2014)

Two star‐shaped tris(4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine derivatives, namely tris(4‐(5‐(3‐pentylthieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophen‐5‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine and tris(4‐(5‐(3‐pentyl‐2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐ b ]thiophen‐5‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine, are developed as photoinitiators for radical and cationic polymerizations under near‐UV and visible light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) (e.g., 385, 405, and 455 nm). When used in combination with an iodonium salt (and optionally N ‐vinyl carbazole) or an amine/alkyl halide couples, they lead to excellent photoinitiating abilities for the polymerization of epoxides or (meth)acrylates under air. Compared with commercial photoinitiators, i.e., camphorquinone‐based systems or bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)‐phenylphosphineoxide, the novel photoinitiators exhibit noticeably higher polymerization efficiencies under air (epoxide conversions = 41–57% vs ≈0%, halogen lamp exposure; methacrylate conversions = 50–55% vs 44%, LED at 405 nm exposure; methacrylate conversions = 34–42% vs 0–8%, LED at 455 nm exposure). These systems are also interesting in overcoming oxygen inhibition. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady‐state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques. image
The design of rate-compatible protograph LDPC codes (2010)

This paper presents a simple yet powerful method for designing embedded rate-compatible families of LDPC codes. Rate compatible codes are essential for many communication applications, e.g. hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) systems, and their design is nontrivial due to the difficulty of simultaneously guaranteeing the quality of several related codes. Puncturing can be used to generate rate-compatible LDPC codes, but it produces a gap to capacity that, in practice, often significantly exceeds the gap of the mother code. We propose an alternative method based on successively extending a high-rate protograph. The resulting codes not only inherit the advantages of protograph codes, namely low encoding complexity and efficient decoding algorithms, but also cover a wide range of rates and have very good performance with thresholds that are all within 0.15 dB of their capacity limits.
Vancomycin Treatment's Association with Delayed Intestinal Tissue Injury, Clostridial Overgrowth, and Recurrence of Clostridium difficile Infection in Mice (2012)

Antibiotic treatment, including vancomycin, for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been associated with recurrence of disease in up to 25% of infected persons. This study investigated the effects of vancomycin on the clinical outcomes, intestinal histopathology, and anaerobic community during and after treatment in a murine model of CDI. C57BL/6 mice were challenged with C. difficile strain VPI 10463 after pretreatment with an antibiotic cocktail. Twenty-four hours after infection, mice were treated daily with vancomycin, nitazoxanide, fidaxomicin, or metronidazaole for 5 days. Mice were monitored for either 6 or 12 days postinfection. Clinical, diarrhea, and histopathology scores were measured. Cecal contents or stool samples were assayed for clostridial or Bacteroides DNA and C. difficile toxins A and B. Vancomycin treatment of infected mice was associated with improved clinical, diarrhea, and histopathology scores and survival during treatment. However, after discontinuation of the drug, clinical scores and histopathology were worse in treated mice than in untreated infected controls. At the end of the study, 62% of the vancomycin-treated mice succumbed to recurrence, with an overall mortality rate equivalent to that of the untreated infected control group. Fidaxomicin-treated mice had outcomes similar to those of vancomycin-treated mice. C. difficile predominated over Bacteroides in cecal contents of vancomycin-treated mice, similar to findings for untreated infected mice. Decreasing the duration of vancomycin treatment from 5 days to 1 day decreased recurrence and deaths. In conclusion, vancomycin improved clinical scores and histopathology acutely but was associated with poor outcome posttreatment in C. difficile-infected mice. Decreasing vancomycin exposure may decrease relapse and improve survival in CDI.
<scp>OP</scp>23.01: Shear wave speeds for evaluating cervical ripening in pregnant women at term (2014)

The cervix undergoes softening in pregnancy. Timing errors may lead to pre- or post-term birth. Currently there is no objective, quantitative method to assess softness. Shear wave speed (SWS) estimation is a noninvasive quantitative measure related to softness (slower SWS occur in softer tissue). Our study of SWS in non-pregnant cervix hysterectomy specimens demonstrated biological variability within and between cervices and suggested the optimal location for reproducible measurements. Our aim was to determine feasibility of detecting cervical softening in pregnant women undergoing ripening for labour induction. Women scheduled for cervical ripening prior to induction at term were recruited (n = 20). Exams (Bishop score, TVUS CL, SWS estimates) were performed by the same clinician prior to misoprostol (25 mcg) and 4 hours later. 10 replicate SWS estimates were performed with a Siemens ACUSON2000 ultrasound system and prototype transducer secured to the clinician's fingertip (to promote accurate location and minimal pressure) and placed on the mid-anterior cervix. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: Not in Labour (requiring more misoprostol) and Marked Progression (contractions <3 m apart and/or <1 cm cervical length). A linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. A ∼30% reduction was observed in SWS 4 hours after misoprostol in the Not in Labour group. Change in SWS was correlated with change in softness (r = 0.76, p = 0.01) and progression of Bishop score (r = -0.58, p = 0.077). Significant differences were found in pre vs post-ripening SWS (p < 0.0001), and softness (isolated from Bishop) was highly correlated with SWS (p < 0.0001). Strong covariance was found between groups (Not in Labour; Marked Progression) and SWS (pre/post), (p < 0.0001). SWS estimation detected differences in pre- vs. post-ripened cervix in pregnant women. Current investigation aims to validate these results, evaluate biological variability throughout pregnancy, and explore the potential value of SWS estimates for monitoring cervical remodeling in pregnancy.
Friction utilization for tyre-road friction estimation on snow: An experimental study (2016)

Friction estimation using effect-based approaches are challenging during normal driving due to the large tyre excitation needed for an accurate estimate.The required excitation level varies for different tyres, road surfaces, road conditions and tyre models used in the estimator.Previous research has investigated the required friction utilization on different surfaces but due to the small sample sizes it is hard to draw any general conclusions.This paper investigates the tyre excitation required to estimate the tyre-road friction coefficient with a generic estimator for 76 different tyres on snow for five different tyre models and for different levels of measurement noise.
Synthesis of Novel Quinaldine-Based Squaraine Dyes:  Effect of Substituents and Role of Electronic Factors (2004)

[reaction: see text] Condensation of squaric acid with quinaldinium salts containing electron-donating substituents gave only the semisquaraines. However, with salts possessing electronegative and electron-withdrawing groups, the squaraine dyes were isolated in quantitative yields. The semisquaraines formed undergo condensation with highly nucleophilic salts yielding the unsymmetrical squaraine dyes. These results demonstrate the role of electronic factors and provide valuable information for the design of efficient squaraine-based sensitizers that can have potential applications in photodynamic therapy.
BSKs Mediate Signal Transduction from the Receptor Kinase BRI1 in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2008)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) bind to the extracellular domain of the receptor kinase BRI1 to activate a signal transduction cascade that regulates nuclear gene expression and plant development. Many components of the BR signaling pathway have been identified and studied in detail. However, the substrate of BRI1 kinase that transduces the signal to downstream components remains unknown. Proteomic studies of plasma membrane proteins lead to the identification of three homologous BR-signaling kinases (BSK1, BSK2, and BSK3). The BSKs are phosphorylated by BRI1 in vitro and interact with BRI1 in vivo. Genetic and transgenic studies demonstrate that the BSKs represent a small family of kinases that activate BR signaling downstream of BRI1. These results demonstrate that BSKs are the substrates of BRI1 kinase that activate downstream BR signal transduction.
Relative diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid kappa chains in MS (1989)

We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the relative performance of different CSF IgG parameters as diagnostic markers for multiple sclerosis. We quantitated CSF and serum IgG and albumin to determine an IgG albumin ratio, IgG index, Tourtellotte's synthesis rate, and Schuller's formula; CSF free kappa light chains were measured by radioimmunoassay. We compared a group of patients with clinically definite MS with a group of patients with a variety of other neurologic diseases. Tourtellotte's formula, IgG albumin ratio, IgG index, and free kappa chains distinguished the MS group from the comparative group of patients. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CSF free kappa light chains were more closely linked to MS than the other measures. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated no advantage of adding any single IgG measure or combination of measures to free kappa light chain analysis. Our results strongly suggest that free kappa light chains in CSF are the single best quantitative assay to support a clinical diagnosis of MS.
Electrical detection of current generated spin in topological insulator\n surface states: Role of interface resistance (2018)

Current generated spin polarization in topological insulator (TI) surface\nstates due to spin-momentum locking has been detected recently using\nferromagnet/tunnel barrier contacts, where the projection of the TI spin onto\nthe magnetization of the ferromagnet is measured as a voltage. However,\nopposing signs of the spin voltage have been reported, which had been\ntentatively attributed to the coexistence of trivial two-dimensional electron\ngas states on the TI surface which may exhibit opposite current-induced\npolarization than that of the TI Dirac surface states. Models based on\nelectrochemical potential have been presented to determine the sign of the spin\nvoltage expected for the TI surface states. However, these models neglect\ncritical experimental parameters which also affect the sign measured. Here we\npresent a Mott two-spin current resistor model which takes into account these\nparameters such as spin-dependent interface resistances, and show that such\ninclusion can lead to a crossing of the voltage potential profiles for the\nspin-up and spin-down electrons within the channel, which can lead to measured\nspin voltages of either sign. These findings offer a resolution of the ongoing\ncontroversy regarding opposite signs of spin signal reported in the literature,\nand highlight the importance of including realistic experimental parameters in\nthe model.\n
Mapping helper T-cell epitopes on platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa in chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (2007)

Chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) is associated with autoantibodies specific for platelet membrane components, often including glycoprotein GPIIIa. T helper (Th) cells reactive with GPIIIa, which are capable of driving the autoantibody response, are activated in AITP, and the aim here was to map the epitopes that they recognize. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 31 patients with AITP and 30 control donors and stimulated with a panel of 86 overlapping synthetic 15-mer peptides spanning the complete sequence of GPIIIa. One or more peptides elicited recall proliferation by PBMCs from 28 of the patients, and, typically, multiple sequences were stimulatory. In contrast, responses in healthy control donors were rare (chi-square test = 115.967; P <or= .001). It was confirmed that the proliferating PBMCs from patients were cells of the CD3(+)CD4(+) helper phenotype that were MHC class II restricted. Despite variation between different cases of AITP, particular sequences were commonly recognized with PBMCs from 24 patients (77%) responding to 1 or more of the 4 most dominant peptides. Mapping such dominant autoreactive helper epitopes is the first step in the development of new approaches to the treatment of AITP, based on the use of peptides to tolerize Th cells specific for platelet glycoproteins.
Mobidget : A programming language for mobile agents : Special Issue on Software Agents (1999)

This paper presents a brief outline of the Mobidget programming language, which is designed for mobile and distributed computation. An agent, which is an abstraction of a process and a protection domain, can migrate either in whole or in part to different nodes in the network during execution. Objects in an agent may be distributed to several nodes in the network, and even if their exact location is unknown, they can be accessed from the other parts of the agent located on different nodes. Other features, such as inter-agent communication and base-specific method invocation, are also described.
A Crystal-Less BLE Transmitter With Clock Recovery From GFSK-Modulated BLE Packets (2021)

In this article, we present a crystal-less Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) transmitter using RF reference recovery directly from GFSK-modulated BLE packets. In order to achieve fast frequency calibration from modulated signals and reduce interference from other BLE users, the transceiver consists of a back-channel wake-up receiver, a clock-recovery receiver, a transmitter, and a dual-all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) frequency synthesizer for system wake-up, clock-recovery, packet transmission, and frequency calibration. An embedded averaging processing unit in the loop filter of the ADPLL is proposed to retrieve accurate frequency information from GFSK-modulated signals. A prototype chip is fabricated in 40-nm CMOS for verification. The crystal-less transmitter with clock recovery meets all BLE requirements for SIR, making this a robust solution for removing the crystal even in densely populated networks.