gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Djadjiling Rockshelter: 35,000 <sup>1</sup> Years of Aboriginal Occupation in the Pilbara, Western Australia (2010)

The Pleistocene settlement of the arid zone is a prominent research theme in Australian archaeology (Hiscock 2008:45- 62; Hiscock and Wallis 2004; Marwick 2002a, 2002b; O’Connor et al. 1998; Smith 1987, 2005; Thorley 1998; Veth 1993, 1995, 2005). Of particular interest is the inland Pilbara region of the western arid zone, which until recently was reported to have been first occupied between c.20,000 BP and c.26,000 BP (Brown 1987:27; Edwards and Murphy 2003:45; Maynard 1980:7). The recent test excavations at Juukan-1 rockshelter suggest the region was occupied before 32,920±270 BP (Slack et al. 2009:34). Our research at Djadjiling rockshelter supports this result by demonstrating an Aboriginal presence at the site c.35,000 years ago. Not only is the site unique for its antiquity, but excavations have recovered a large flaked stone assemblage from the earliest occupational phase. The evidence demonstrates repeated early site use, and a sequence of intermittent occupation throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The preliminary findings are presented below.
Enzyme immunoassay and fluoroimmunoassay for herbicide diclofop-methyl (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme immunoassay and fluoroimmunoassay for herbicide diclofop-methylMargit Schwalbe, Erich Dorn, and Klaus BeyermannCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 4, 734–741Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00124a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00124a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analogs of carbamyl aspartate as inhibitors of dihydroorotase: preparation of boronic acid transition-state analogs and a zinc chelator carbamylhomocysteine (1990)

Dihydroorotase (DHO) catalyzes the conversion of carbamyl aspartate (CA) to dihydroorotate (DO) in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Few effective inhibitors of DHO have been reported, and thus blockade of this reaction has not been widely pursued as a strategy for development of antitumor agents. Utilizing two mechanism-based strategies, we have designed and prepared potential DHO inhibitor analogues of CA. One strategy replaced the gamma-carboxyl moiety of CA with a boronic acid. This substitution yields compounds which form stable charged tetrahedral intermediates and mimic the enzyme-substrate transition state. Preparation of the boronic acid analogues of CA and its carboxylic acid esters focused on a Curtius rearrangement as a key step following a malonic ester synthesis. This was followed by carbamoylation of the free amine under nonaqueous neutral conditions with Si(NCO)4. The ethyl ester was a competitive inhibitor of DHO with an apparent Ki of 5.07 microM, while the nonesterified analogue and the methyl ester were not effective inhibitors. None of the compounds were cytotoxic against L1210 cells in culture. An active-site-directed sulfhydryl-containing zinc chelator was also prepared. This analogue irreversibly inhibited the enzyme, but it also was ineffective in L1210 growth inhibition.
Voltage‐dependent ion channels in glial cells (1994)

Glial cells, although non-excitable, express a wealth of voltage-activated ion channels that are typically characteristic of excitable cells. Since these channels are also observed in acutely isolated cells and in brain slices, they have to be considered functional in the intact brain. Numerous studies over the past 10 years have yielded detailed characterizations of glial channels permitting comparison of their properties to those of their neuronal counterparts. While for the most part such comparisons have demonstrated a high degree of similarity, they also provide evidence for the expression of some uniquely glial ion channels. An increasing number of studies indicate that the expression of "glial" channels is influenced by the cells' microenvironment. For example, the presence of neurons can induce or inhibit (depending on the preparation and type of channel studied) the expression of glial ion channels. Like ion channels in excitable cells, glial channels can be functionally regulated by activation of second-messenger pathways, allowing for short-term modulation of their membrane properties. Although the extent to which most of the characterized ion channels are involved in glial function is presently unclear, a growing body of data suggests that certain channels play an active role in glial function. Thus inwardly rectifying K+ channels in concert with delayed rectifying K+ channels are thought to be involved in the removal and redistribution of excess K+ in the brain, a process referred to as "spatial buffering". Glial K+ channels may also be crucial in modulating glial proliferation. Cl- channels and stretch-activated cation channels are believed to be involved in volume regulation. Na+ channels appear to be important in fueling the glial Na+/K(+)-pump, and Ca2+ channels are likely involved in numerous cellular events in which intracellular Ca2+ is a critical second messenger.
Towards monolithic scintillator based TOF-PET systems: practical methods for detector calibration and operation (2016)

Gamma-ray detectors based on thick monolithic scintillator crystals can achieve spatial resolutions <2 mm full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and coincidence resolving times (CRTs) better than 200 ps FWHM. Moreover, they provide high sensitivity and depth-of-interaction (DOI) information. While these are excellent characteristics for clinical time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET), the application of monolithic scintillators has so far been hampered by the lengthy and complex procedures needed for position- and time-of-interaction estimation. Here, the algorithms previously developed in our group are revised to make the calibration and operation of a large number of monolithic scintillator detectors in a TOF-PET system practical. In particular, the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification method for x,y-position estimation is accelerated with an algorithm that quickly preselects only the most useful reference events, reducing the computation time for position estimation by a factor of ~200 compared to the previously published k-NN 1D method. Also, the procedures for estimating the DOI and time of interaction are revised to enable full detector calibration by means of fan-beam or flood irradiations only. Moreover, a new technique is presented to allow the use of events in which some of the photosensor pixel values and/or timestamps are missing (e.g. due to dead time), so as to further increase system sensitivity. The accelerated methods were tested on a monolithic scintillator detector specifically developed for clinical PET applications, consisting of a 32 mm × 32 mm × 22 mm LYSO : Ce crystal coupled to a digital photon counter (DPC) array. This resulted in a spatial resolution of 1.7 mm FWHM, an average DOI resolution of 3.7 mm FWHM, and a CRT of 214 ps. Moreover, the possibility of using events missing the information of up to 16 out of 64 photosensor pixels is shown. This results in only a small deterioration of the detector performance.
Libertad de expresión y el monopolio de los medios de comunicación: el caso mexicano (2009)

Este trabajo se acerca desde el enfoque de los derechos humanos a dos temas cruciales para la democracia relacionados con la problemática actual de la libertad de expresión en el ámbito de los medios de comunicación: el problema de la concentración de las empresas de comunicación, y la necesidad de la pluralidad informativa en la sociedad actual mexicana.
An integrated double-filtration microfluidic device for isolation, enrichment and quantification of urinary extracellular vesicles for detection of bladder cancer (2017)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are present in a variety of bodily fluids, and the concentration of these sub-cellular vesicles and their associated biomarkers (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) can be used to aid clinical diagnosis. Although ultracentrifugation is commonly used for isolation of EVs, it is highly time-consuming, labor-intensive and instrument-dependent for both research laboratories and clinical settings. Here, we developed an integrated double-filtration microfluidic device that isolated and enriched EVs with a size range of 30-200 nm from urine, and subsequently quantified the EVs via a microchip ELISA. Our results showed that the concentration of urinary EVs was significantly elevated in bladder cancer patients (n = 16) compared to healthy controls (n = 8). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that this integrated EV double-filtration device had a sensitivity of 81.3% at a specificity of 90% (16 bladder cancer patients and 8 healthy controls). Thus, this integrated device has great potential to be used in conjunction with urine cytology and cystoscopy to improve clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer in clinics and at point-of-care (POC) settings.
General Method for Producing Organic Nanoparticles Using Nanoporous Membranes (2010)

Two liquids are separated by a nanoporous membrane and one liquid is made to flow into the other, causing nanoparticles to be formed at the exits of the nanopores. In particular, we report the generation of nanoparticles of the biodegradable polysaccharide polymer chitosan by placing the chitosan in a low pH aqueous solution that is flowed into a high pH aqueous solution. The size of the nanoparticles (5-20 nm) can be roughly controlled by choosing the size of the nanopores and the pumping rate. In addition, it is possible to load the chitosan nanoparticles with drug molecules, which is demonstrated by incorporation of up to 3.3% rhodamine 6G molecules in the chitosan nanoparticles.
Avalanche breakdown in (Al <i> <sub>x</sub> </i> Ga <sub>1-</sub> <i> <sub>x</sub> </i> ) <sub>0.52</sub> In <sub>0.48</sub> P <i>pin</i> junctions (1994)

The avalanche breakdown behaviour of (AlxGa1-x)0.52In0.48P has been investigated by growing a series of pin diode structures and by measuring the reverse leakage currents until the onset of avalanche breakdown. Comparing the breakdown voltage (Vbd) with that of GaAs, significant increases are obtained, with AlInP having in excess of twice the Vbd of GaAs.
Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids (2020)

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
Online Junction Temperature Cycle Recording of an IGBT Power Module in a Hybrid Car (2015)

The accuracy of the lifetime calculation approach of IGBT power modules used in hybrid‐electric powertrains suffers greatly from the inaccurate knowledge of application typical load‐profiles. To verify the theoretical load‐profiles with data from the field this paper presents a concept to record all junction temperature cycles of an IGBT power module during its operation in a test vehicle. For this purpose the IGBT junction temperature is measured with a modified gate driver that determines the temperature sensitive IGBT internal gate resistor by superimposing the negative gate voltage with a high‐frequency identification signal. An integrated control unit manages the T J measurement during the regular switching operation, the exchange of data with the system controller, and the automatic calibration of the sensor system. To calculate and store temperature cycles on a microcontroller an online Rainflow counting algorithm was developed. The special feature of this algorithm is a very accurate extraction of lifetime relevant information with a significantly reduced calculation and storage effort. Until now the recording concept could be realized and tested within a laboratory voltage source inverter. Currently the IGBT driver with integrated junction temperature measurement and the online cycle recording algorithm is integrated in the voltage source inverter of first test vehicles. Such research will provide representative load‐profiles to verify and optimize the theoretical load‐profiles used in today’s lifetime calculation.
Rechargeable lithium-molybdenum oxysulfide batteries (2002)

The use of novel molybdenum chalcogenides as secondary Li battery cathodes was introduced by D.M. Pasquariello et al. (1989) and by K.M. Abraham et al. (1989). The first compound of this type. MoOS/sub 2/, was prepared by thermal decomposition of (NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/ MoOS/sub 2/S/sub 2/ in argon at 300 degrees C. The authors report here the performance of cathode materials prepared from the same precursor at different temperatures. The mid-discharge potential of these materials ranged from 1.2 V to 1.9 V. with quasi-theoretical specific energies (based on first-discharge capacities) of 290 to 680 Wh/kg. Heterometal oxysulfides were prepared in which 75% of the metal content was Mo, with the remaining 25% either V or Cr. Mid-discharge potential for the V-containing materials was 1.7 V, while it was 1.8 V for one prepared with Cr. Quasi-theoretical specific energies were approximately 440 to 500 Wh/kg for the V-containing compounds, and 765 Wh/kg for the one containing Cr.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Data generation for testing DAG-structured Bayesian networks (2003)

In this paper we have solved the open problem of generating random vectors when the underlying structure obeyed by the dependence graph is a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). To the best of our knowledge, our work is of a pioneering sort. We present a formal strategy for the case when the DAG structure and the marginals are given. The paper presents the formal algorithm, proves its correctness, derives its complexity, and presents examples for both artificial data, and for date that is intended to artificially populate a medical database. The method has also been used for testing the ALARM network.
Microfluidic toolbox: tools and standardization solutions for microfluidic devices for life sciences applications (2004)

After more than a decade of activities in the field of microfluidics, an increasing need for standardized modules and off-the-shelf components can be observed. In particular the compatibility with existing laboratory equipment o procedures greatly helps the acceptance of miniaturized systems, as in practice, miniaturized systems are very likely to be used in parallel with existing equipment and are not totally replacing this. In this paper we present the basic concept of a microfluidic toolbox with interchangeable components where the external dimensions are adopted from existing standards. Furthermore the fluidic interfaces were selected for compatibility to established systems.
Family Relations of Aged Colonial Jews: A Testamentary Analysis (1985)

ABSTRACT Content analysis of wills probated in New York State between 1704 and 1799 is used to reconstruct the family relations of aged colonial Jews. The modernisation theory of ageing provides a backdrop for this beginning effort to specify variations in family life in history. In general, regardless of marital status, aged Jewish colonial testators followed a familistic inheritance pattern. Individual wills contained articulated and vindictive bequests. It is suggested that while the Jewish family was an important mechanism for maintaining cultural cohesion and identity, it was also an important support structure in adapting to the realities of a Christian colonial America that was rapidly modernising. Future work in the history of the family relations of aged individuals will have to be comparative.
Using the Guided Writing Technique to Teach Writing of Analytical Exposition Texts (2016)

The objective of this study was to find out whether there was a difference in results from students who were taught analytical exposition text writing through the Guided Writing Technique (GWT) and other students who were taught using a standard way of teaching writing.The English writing skills of the second grade students in a high school in Banda Aceh were unsatisfactory; therefore, it was suggested that a specific treatment or learning process was needed.The study focused on assessment of students being taught to write analytical exposition texts.To achieve the goal of the study, a true experimental design with an experimental group (EG) with 29 students, and a control group (CG) with 28 students was used.The instrument of this study was tests.The data was analyzed through statistics.From the findings of the study, the writing ability of both groups after the treatments was different according to the results from a t-test.These result showed that the t-test was 11.26, whilst the result from the t-table at a level of significance 5% (=0.05) was 2.0211.So, t-test was higher than t-table (11.26>2.0211).In conclusion, the results from this study showed that there was a significant improvement in skills for writing analytical exposition texts from the EG students taught using the GWT whilst the CG taught by a standard teaching technique for writing did not show such improvement.
Study and design of a wing oscillating wind system (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to present a study and design for a new type of wind system. This kind of wind system has a special type of wind turbine: wing oscillating wind turbine, which has flapping wings instead of screw blade. This wind turbine has also a pendulum, which oscillate with a low frequency. The oscillations are maintained by the wind, which will amplify the oscillation amplitude in both senses: up and down, and will increase the oscillation energy. This oscillation energy will be extracted by an oscillating linear electric generator consisting in a fixed coil and a moving permanent magnet. In the paper, a design methodology and the manufacturing technology of a small prototype of an wing oscillating wing system and of the oscillating wind generator are presented. The FEM magnetic field analysis of this oscillating wind generator is also presented.
Variable coded MFSK signaling in an adaptive wideband high-thruput HF/MBC system (2002)

The author analyzes a channel adaptive high-throughput interference-resistant combined HF/MBC (meteorburst communications) system using novel techniques to counter time-varying path losses, Doppler spread, and multipath spread. Some of the techniques used are coded MFSK signaling, adaptivity, frequency stepping, high suppression, and resolution adaptive filtering. For simplicity, block orthogonal and dual-k convolution codes are considered. For a 24 kbit/s midlatitude and transauroral link and a 1 Mbit/s meteorburst link, the emitter power requirements are shown to decrease substantially by increasing the value of M as path losses increase. The bandwidth or power requirements are further shown to decrease by the use of variable coded MFSK signaling. The historical background of high-throughput meteorburst communications since 1979 is reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative analysis of cleavage rates after systematic permutation of the NUX↓ consensus target motif for hammerhead ribozymes (1995)

A trans-cleaving asymmetric hammerhead ribozyme directed against an AUC decreases target motif within an RNA specific for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was generated. The AUC decreases motif of the target RNA was permutated in order to generate all 12 variants of an NUX decreases consensus target motif, wherein N = A, C, G or U and X = A, C or U. Four asymmetric hammerhead ribozymes differing in the nucleotide that is complementary to N were generated, of which each was specific for three of the 12 target motifs. The residual sequence context within helices I and III remained unchanged. All 12 combinations resulted in cleavage of the target RNA. Using single-turnover conditions, the detectable cleavage rate constants at 37 degrees C were determined, which varied considerably depending on the NUX decreases motif. The NUC decreases motifs were cleaved more efficiently, with AUC decreases being cleaved best. Comparison with previous studies indicates that the sequence context of the NUX decreases motif plays a major role for the detectable cleavage activity.
Ends and Means in Education (1990)

Some educationists in both North and South have seen the greatest contribution of education in the effect it might have in the modernisation of attitudes, which incidentally would mean the weakening of traditional beliefs and customs. It is not at all clear that such a replacement of the 'economy of affection' by our individualistic and self-seeking way of life is going to be a gain. Maybe there is a stage in the industrialisation of a country at which this becomes unavoidable, but much would be sacrificed in the process. In particular, the 'mutual aid society' of family and community would be lost, calling for a massive expansion in public social provision in its place.