gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REVIEW OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION FOR LUNG TRANSPLANTATION (1997)

The history, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and experimental as well as clinical data on the immunosuppressive potential of the novel drugs tacrolimus (FK506), sirolimus (rapamycin), mycophenolic acid (mycophenolate mofetil), and leflunomide (and its malononitriloamide analogues) are provided. Novel approaches with the following conventional immunosuppressants are outlined: methotrexate, aerosolized immunosuppression and the implementation of steroid taper. Total lymphoid irradiation and photopheresis for treatment of recurrent rejection are also discussed.
Elastomeric Flexible Free-Standing Hydrogen-Bonded Nanoscale Assemblies (2005)

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is a key material in solid polymer electrolytes, biomaterials, drug delivery devices, and sensors. Through the use of hydrogen bonds, layer-by-layer (LBL) assemblies allow for the incorporation of PEO in a controllable tunable thin film, but little is known about the bulk properties of LBL thin films because they are often tightly bound to the substrate of assembly. The construction technique involves alternately exposing a substrate to a hydrogen-bond-donating polymer (poly(acrylic acid)) and a hydrogen-bond-accepting polymer (PEO) in solution, producing mechanically stable interdigitated layers of PEO and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Here, we introduce a new method of LBL film isolation using low-energy surfaces that facilitate the removal of substantial mass and area of the film, allowing, for the first time, the thermal and mechanical characterization that was previously difficult or impossible to perform. To further understand the morphology of the nanoscale blend, the glass transition is measured as a function of assembly pH via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The resulting trends give clues as to how the morphology and composition of a hydrogen-bonded composite film evolve as a function of pH. We also demonstrate that LBL films of PEO and PAA behave as flexible elastomeric blends at ambient conditions and allow for nanoscale control of thickness and film composition. Furthermore, we show that the crystallization of PEO is fully suppressed in these composite assemblies, a fact that proves advantageous for applications such as ultrathin hydrogels, membranes, and solid-state polymer electrolytes.
Influence of geometry and of the constitutive law of the supporting columns on the seismic response of a hyperbolic cooling tower (1980)

Abstract The supporting columns and their foundation influence the cooling tower's seismic response decisively. At the same time, they represent the most vulnerable part of the structure. To determine the optimum seismic design, the influence of the geometry of the columns is investigated parametrically. The dominant parameter, the in‐plane angle of inclination, should be selected to be as large as possible. For a specific geometric configuration, the response for increasing seismic excitation is studied. The constitutive laws of the concrete and of the reinforcement steel in the columns as well as slipping and lift‐off of the foundations are incorporated into a non‐linear analysis. The largest reduction in response results from the behaviour of the columns in tension. The tower can thus withstand much larger seismic excitations than those indicated in a linear analysis. Slipping and lift‐off, which develop for extreme earthquakes only, play a less important role, even when occurring in the entire foundation.
On Scaffolds and Hopping in Medicinal Chemistry (2006)

The molecular scaffold is an oft-cited concept in medicinal chemistry suggesting that the definition of what makes a scaffold is rigorous and objective. However, this is far from the case with the definition of a scaffold being highly dependent on the particular viewpoint of a given scientist. It follows, therefore, that the definition of scaffold hopping and, more importantly, the detection of what constitutes a scaffold hop, is also ill-defined and highly subjective. Essentially, it is agreed that scaffolds should be substantially different from each other, although significantly similar to each other, to constitute a hop. In the latter, the scaffolds must permit a similar geometric arrangement of functional groups to permit the mode of action. However, this leaves the paradox of how to describe both scaffold similarity and dissimilarity simultaneously. In this paper, the current statuses of scaffolds and scaffold hopping are reviewed based on published examples of scaffold hopping from the literature. An investigation of the degree to which it is possible to formulate a more rigorous definition of scaffolds and hopping in the context of molecular topologies is considered. These techniques are adapted from chemoinformatics to be applied in the design of new medicinal compounds.
Photoluminescence in pyridine-based polymers: Role of aggregates (1996)

We present a study of the morphology dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the pyridine-based polymers poly(p-pyridyl vinylene), poly(p-pyridine), and poly(p-pyridyl vinylene p-phenylene vinylene) (PPyVPV). The photoluminescence of solution samples is characterized by high quantum efficiency (>70% in PPyVPV), weak coupling to vibrational modes (Huang-Rhys parameter \ensuremath{\sim}0.5) and a single-exponential decay (radiative lifetime \ensuremath{\sim}1 ns). On the other hand, film samples display strongly redshifted, featureless emission with low quantum yield (20%) and highly nonexponential decay dynamics. Through consideration of absorption and excitation spectra, the ``site-selectivity'' of the PL, and the concentration dependence of the PL spectrum, we demonstrate that the redshifted film spectra are a result of the formation of low-energy aggregate sites due to strong interchain interactions. Time-resolved measurements suggest a longer radiative lifetime for the aggregate vs solution, leading to the lower efficiency. Aggregate formation is found to be morphology dependent, and is minimal in ``powder'' samples which are precipitated after polymerization. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Gene Cloning and Containment Properties of Plasmid Col E1 and Its Derivatives (1977)

Colicinogenic plasmid E1 (Col E1) and Col E1 derivatives offer advantages as plasmid cloning vehicles with regard to both utility and biological containment. The Col E1 derivative pCR1 does not alter those essential characteristics of the enfeebled Escherichia coli strain x1776 that make this strain particularly useful as a host-vehicle system for recombinant DNA research.
Phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression is associated with clinical factors in invasive breast cancer (2016)

Our study suggests that P-p38 MAPK expression were significantly associated with clinicopathological factors and PR/HER2 might association with phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in different types of breast cancer.
Preparation of Monodisperse Block Copolymer Vesicles via Flow Focusing in Microfluidics (2010)

We demonstrate that microfluidic flow devices enable a rapid, continuous, well-reproducible and size-controlled preparation of unilamellar block copolymer vesicles. The PDMS-based microfluidic device consists of perpendicularly crossed channels allowing hydrodynamic flow focusing of an ethanolic block copolymer solution in a stream of water. By altering the flow rate ratio in the water and ethanolic inlet channels, the vesicle size can be tuned over a large size range from 40 nm to 2 microm without subsequent processing steps manipulating size and shell characteristics. The ability of tuning the vesicle mean size over a range of several orders of magnitude with the possibility of in situ encapsulation of active ingredients creates new opportunities for the preparation of tailored drug delivery systems in science, medicine and industry.
Kinetics of Esterification of Lactic Acid with Methanol in the Presence of Cation Exchange Resin Using a Pseudo-Homogeneous Model. (2000)

The kinetics of esterification of lactic acid with methanol in the liquid phase are studied by using a cation exchange resin in the H+ form (DOWEX-50W) as an acid catalyst. Experiments were carried out in a stirred batch reactor at different temperatures (323, 333, 343, 353 K) under atmospheric pressure. The effects of reaction temperature and catalyst loading on the reaction rate are investigated. It is found that catalyst size and stirring speed have no significant effects on reaction rate. The reaction rate data are correlated with a kinetic model based on pseudo-homogeneous catalysis. The activity of resin is compared with that of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. A kinetic equation for describing the reaction catalyzed by cation exchange resin is developed.
Establishing Standards for Studying Renal Function in Mice through Measurements of Body Size-Adjusted Creatinine and Urea Levels (2014)

Strategies for obtaining reliable results are increasingly implemented in order to reduce errors in the analysis of human and veterinary samples; however, further data are required for murine samples. Here, we determined an average factor from the murine body surface area for the calculation of biochemical renal parameters, assessed the effects of storage and freeze-thawing of C57BL/6 mouse samples on plasmatic and urinary urea, and evaluated the effects of using two different urea-measurement techniques. After obtaining 24 h urine samples, blood was collected, and body weight and length were established. The samples were evaluated after collection or stored at -20°C and -70°C. At different time points (0, 4, and 90 days), these samples were thawed, the creatinine and/or urea concentrations were analyzed, and samples were restored at these temperatures for further measurements. We show that creatinine clearance measurements should be adjusted according to the body surface area, which was calculated based on the weight and length of the animal. Repeated freeze-thawing cycles negatively affected the urea concentration; the urea concentration was more reproducible when using the modified Berthelot reaction rather than the ultraviolet method. Our findings will facilitate standardization and optimization of methodology as well as understanding of renal and other biochemical data obtained from mice.
A Genome-Wide Analysis of the LBD (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain) Gene Family in Malus domestica with a Functional Characterization of MdLBD11 (2013)

The plant-specific LBD (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES domain) genes belong to a major family of transcription factor that encode a zinc finger-like domain. It has been shown that LBD genes play crucial roles in the growth and development of Arabidopsis and other plant species. However, no detailed information concerning this family is available for apple. In the present study, we analyzed the apple (Malus domestica) genome and identified 58 LBD genes. This gene family was tested for its phylogenetic relationships with homologous genes in the Arabidopsis genome, as well as its location in the genome, structure and expression. We also transformed one MdLBD gene into Arabidopsis to evaluate its function. Like Arabidopsis, apple LBD genes also have a conserved CX2CX6CX3C zinc finger-like domain in the N terminus and can be divided into two classes. The expression profile indicated that apple LBD genes exhibited a variety of expression patterns, suggesting that they have diverse functions. At the same time, the expression analysis implied that members of this apple gene family were responsive to hormones and stress and that they may participate in hormone-mediated plant organogenesis, which was demonstrated with the overexpression of the apple LBD gene MdLBD11, resulting in an abnormal phenotype. This phenotype included upward curling leaves, delayed flowering, downward-pointing flowers, siliques and other abnormal traits. Based on these data, we concluded that the MdLBD genes may play an important role in apple growth and development as in Arabidopsis and other species.
Development of New PM Iron-Based Materials for Self-Lubricating Bearings (2011)

Using PM technologies, new antifriction materials based on iron powder with different addition elements were developed in order to obtain self-lubricated bearings with improved tribological features. The elemental powder mixtures were blended for 2 hours in a 3D homogenization device, were compacted at a pressure of 500 MPa, and then sintered in dry hydrogen atmosphere at different temperatures for different maintaining times. The effect of technological parameters on physical properties (density and dimensional changes) was presented in this study. The mechanical and tribological properties (tensile strength, hardness, impact energy, friction coefficient, and wear rate) related to addition elements were evaluated. The tribological behaviour of the selected iron-based alloys was analysed by pin on disc tests without lubrication. Also, the wear surface scars and the microstructure of the wear surfaces were investigated.
FnF-BFT: Exploring Performance Limits of BFT Protocols (2020)

We introduce FnF-BFT, a parallel-leader byzantine fault-tolerant state-machine replication protocol for the partially synchronous model with theoretical performance bounds during synchrony. By allowing all replicas to act as leaders and propose requests independently, FnF-BFT parallelizes the execution of requests. Leader parallelization distributes the load over the entire network -- increasing throughput by overcoming the single-leader bottleneck. We further use historical data to ensure that well-performing replicas are in command. FnF-BFT's communication complexity is linear in the number of replicas during synchrony and thus competitive with state-of-the-art protocols. Finally, with FnF-BFT, we introduce a BFT protocol with performance guarantees in stable network conditions under truly byzantine attacks. A prototype implementation of \prot outperforms (state-of-the-art) HotStuff's throughput, especially as replicas increase, showcasing \prot's significantly improved scaling capabilities.
Augmented pulmonary IL-4 and IL-13 receptor subunit expression in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (2004)

Some histological subtypes of IIP are associated with increased pulmonary expression of receptor subunits responsive to IL-4 and IL-13. These findings may be of particular importance in understanding the pathogenesis of IIP and, more importantly, may provide important novel therapeutic targets.
Effect of dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on brain lipid compositions and learning ability of rats. (1987)

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive control, Wistar/Kyoto (WKY) rats through two generations were fed a semipurified diet supplemented either with safflower oil (rich in linoleate) or with perilla oil (rich in alpha-linolenate). The cerebral lipid contents and phospholipid compositions did not differ between the two dietary groups of SHR rats. There were also no differences in the unsaturated/saturated ratios of individual phospholipids or the proportions of plasma-logens. However, the proportions of (n-3) and (n-6) fatty acids were significantly different. Decreases in the proportions of docosahexaenoate [22:6 (n-3)] in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in the safflower oil group were compensated for with increases in the proportions of docosatetraenoic [22:4 (n-6)] and docosapentaenoic [22:5 (n-6)] acids as compared with the perilla oil group. These differences in phospholipid acyl chains were much smaller than the difference in the proportions of linoleate and alpha-linolenate of the diets. In a brightness-discrimination learning test, the total number of responses to the positive and negative stimuli were less in the groups fed perilla oil. However, the alpha-linolenate-deficient group took longer to decrease the frequency of R- responses and therefore longer to learn the discrimination. Consequently, the correct response ratios were higher in the perilla oil groups than in the safflower oil groups. Thus, the dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance influenced the (n-3)/(n-6) balance of polyenoic fatty acids differently among brain phospholipids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On-demand Dynamic Location-Based Services Using Web Services (2010)

The proliferation and rapid development of telecommunication and wireless computing have created new capabilities that can be utilized by both businesses and individuals. Location-based commerce/service (LBS), one of the mobile and wireless commerce applications, is an electronic transaction targeted to individuals in specific locations at specific times. This paper aims at presenting the first of a two-phase framework to develop and test the acceptance of a Dynamic Location-based Service (DLBS) prototype in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The first phase, the development of a fully functional DLBS prototype, was successfully completed and presented in this paper. The developed application provides users with the capability of locating nearby active Point-of-Interests (POIs) such as businesses, hotels, restaurants, and others. The main contribution of the developed DLBS prototype is the presentation of dynamic (current) state of POIs at the time of access by the user, which allows the user to differentiate between open/active and closed/inactive service points.
Maeslinger hos to børn og en voksen--udbrud med maeslingevirus genotype B3 (2006)

Measles virus genotype B3 was isolated from patients during a measles outbreak in Copenhagen starting January 2006. Here we describe three cases: two children aged 9 and 22 months, respectively, and a 29-year-old man. All three patients were hospitalised. Several doctors examined both the children before the diagnosis of measles was established. The patients were not vaccinated against measles. They had not been abroad within the last three weeks. Genotype B3 is endemic in West and Central Africa. The genotype B3 detected in these cases was different from the B3 seen in recent outbreaks in Europe.
Relaxation of compressive strain by inclining threading dislocations in Al<sub>0.45</sub>Ga<sub>0.55</sub>N epilayer grown on AlN/sapphire templates using graded-Al<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>N/AlN multi-buffer layers (2009)

Crack-free Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayers with and without graded-AlxGa1−xN/AlN multi-buffer layers (MBLs) were grown on AlN/sapphire templates by radio-frequency assisted molecular beam epitaxy. A significant reduction in dislocations was achieved in the Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayer by using graded-AlxGa1−xN/AlN MBLs. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the compressive strain of the Al0.45Ga0.55N epilayer was effectively relaxed through the inclination of edge threading dislocations (TDs). The driving force for the inclination of edge TDs was also discussed.
Design and Implementation of Vehicle Management System (2018)

With the rise of computer technology, the tremendous work is expected to perform by computer. With the increasing maturity of the programming language that desire can be realized easily,at present the growing number of vehicles has increased this invisible vehicle workload to managers, so the development of a vehicle management system is necessary, the java language-based program under the SSH framework and mysql database are applied in the system. Mysql backend connection is simple, easy to use, easy to understand.The intensity of the work and the tedious workflow to managers will be redused with the use of the vehicle management system,general operation of the vehicle drivers and managers is involved in the system, this systemis not very perfect and there is still space for improvement, It is believed that it will be fully used in the future.
Toward a Quality Model for UNED MOOCs (2014)

espanolEn este articulo se analiza un modelo de calidad prototipo desarrollado para los cursos de la primera edicion de la iniciativa UNED MOOC (donde mas de 170.000 estudiantes llevaron a cabo 20 MOOCs entre octubre de 2012 y mayo de 2013). Se argumenta que ya que no es facil diferenciar entre un MOOC y otros tipos de cursos en linea , por lo que es dificil de especificar un modelo de calidad para el primero. En el momento de iniciar este proyecto no habia otros modelos de calidad que podrian ser aplicadas directamente. Por lo tanto, una solucion practica de dos partes se supuso. En primer lugar, se considera que el general la estructura y funcion de cada curso en terminos de un conjunto variable de caracteristicas que puede ser utilizado para evaluar la inicial diseno del curso . En segundo lugar, se utiliza un modelo de certificacion estudiante flexibles , argumento para demostrar que un curso ha alcanzado sus objetivos teniendo en cuenta los resultados buscados por el equipo docente. EnglishThis article discusses a prototype quality model developed for courses in the first edition of the UNED MOOC initiative (where over 170,000 students undertook 20 MOOCs between October 2012 and May 2013). It is argued that since it is not easy to differentiate between a MOOC and other types of online courses, it is therefore difficult to specify a quality model for the former. At the time of starting this project there were no other quality models that could be applied directly. Hence, a practical two-part solution was assumed. Firstly, it considers the overall structure and function of each course in terms of a variable set of characteristics that can be used to evaluate the initial design of the course. Secondly, it uses a flexible student certification model, argued to demonstrate that a course has achieved its objectives given the results intended by the teaching team.
Breath-Alcohol Analysis:Uses, Methods, and Some Forensic Problems—Review and Opinion (1976)

Breath analysis for ethanol, especially in respect to the forensic aspects, has been reviewed. Included are matters dealing with instrumentation, physiological factors involved in the elimination of ethanol via the breath, and, especially, the uncertainties in the calculation of a whole blood concentration of ethanol from the quantity found in breath. We believe that the conversion of a breath quantity to a blood concentration of ethanol, for forensic purposes, should be abandoned and that the offense of driving while under the influence of alcohol should be statutorily defined in terms of the concentration of ethanol found in the breath in jurisdictions employing breath analysis. The breath sample should be obtained and analyzed only with instruments having capabilities which would require some extension of present federal standards for evidential breath-testing devices. Events in early 1975 indicate that implementation of some of these proposals may soon be undertaken.
New Sorbents for Olefin/Paraffin Separations and Olefin Purification for C<sub>4</sub>Hydrocarbons (1999)

New adsorbents for olefin/paraffin separations are synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation and ion exchange of Ag+ cations on high-surface-area substrates. The separation/purification is achieved by selective adsorption of olefins and/or dienes by π-complexation. It was shown that the monolayer AgNO3/SiO2 sorbent has a selective adsorption ratio of 8.33 for butene/butane at 70 °C and 1 atm. The isotherm linearity for olefin is ideally suited for cyclic adsorption−desorption processes. Moreover, the performance of the π-complexation sorbent (AgY zeolite) for the purification of butene by removal of trace amounts of butadiene was found to be superior to that of sorbents based on physical adsorption (5A zeolite and NaY). It was also shown that the Horvath−Kawazoe (H−K) model (using the Cheng−Yang version for spherical pores and correction for isotherm nonlinearity) is capable of predicting the adsorption behavior of the C4 hydrocarbons on 5A zeolite. Because the H−K model only involves dispersion forces, it underpredicts for gas−solid systems in which other forces also exist such as electrostatic and π-complexation. C4H6/C4H8 on 5A zeolite is one of these systems.