gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FVP10: enhancements of VPX for SDR/HDR applications (2016)

This paper describes a study to investigate possible ways to improve the VPX codecs in the context of both 8-bit SDR video and 10-bit HDR video content, for two types of applications: streaming and high quality (near lossless) coding for content contribution editing. For SDR content, the following tools are investigated: (a) lapped biorthogonal transforms for near lossless applications; and (b) optimized resampling filter pairs for adaptive resolution coding in streaming applications. For HDR content, a data adaptive grading technique in conjunction with the VP9/VP10 encoder is studied. Both the objective metrics (measured using BD rate) and informal subjective visual quality assessments are recorded. It is asserted that useful improvements are possible in each of these categories. In particular, substantial value is offered in the coding of HDR content, and especially in creating a coding scheme offering backwards compatibility with SDR.
An SR Flip-Flop based Physical Unclonable Functions for Hardware Security (2019)

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have emerged as a promising solution to identify and authenticate Integrated Circuits (ICs). In this paper, we propose a novel NAND-based Set-Reset (SR) Flip-flop (FF) PUF design for security enclosures of the area- and power-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) edge node. Such SR-FF based PUF is constructed during a unique race condition that is (normally) avoided due to inconsistency. We have shown, when both inputs (S and R) are logic high (`1') and followed by logic zero (`0'), the outputs Q and Q̅ can settle down to either 0 or 1 or vice-versa depending on statistical delay variations in cross-coupled paths. We incorporate the process variations during SPICE-level simulations to leverage the capability of SR-FF in generating the unique identifier of an IC. Experimental results for 90nm, 45nm, and 32nm process nodes show the robustness of SR-FF PUF responses in terms of uniqueness, randomness, uniformity, and bit(s) biases. Furthermore, we perform physical synthesis to evaluate the applicability of SR FF PUF on five designs from OpenCores in three design corners. The estimated overhead for power, timing, and area in three design corners are negligible.
Role of Ground Trash Volatiles in the Selection of Hibernation Sites by Boll Weevils (2000)

Volatiles play a large role in governing the behavior of boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis Boheman). They are attracted to cotton plants, and the female is sexually attracted to the male. The attracting compounds in both instances are terpenoids. Primarily in the fall of the year, boll weevils seek hibernation sites in leaf trash, where they remain until the following spring or summer. In the present study, essential oils were prepared by steam distillation from several leaf samples known to be prevalent at hibernation sites, and the oils were analyzed by GLC-MS. On the basis of the resulting presumptive identifications by comparison with those of standards, a number of mixtures were formulated and were field tested, as were the essential oils. The field tests failed to support unambiguously the premise that boll weevils select hibernation sites on the basis of leaf odor alone. However, in the presence of the sex pheromone, beta-caryophyllene (P > T = 0.08), or a mixture of three sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (P > T = 0.10), or a mixture of alkyl alcohols (P > T = 0.15) increased captures. The response to formulations of the sex pheromone with beta-caryophyllene may be primarily sexual, based on its presence in female boll weevils.
<title>Fiber optic pressure sensor for combustion monitoring and control</title> (1992)

This paper describes a diaphragm-based, multi-wavelength fiber optic pressure sensor that is suitable for combustion monitoring and control applications. Through the simultaneous optical detection of sensor temperature and diaphragm deflection, temperature induced inaccuracies are significantly reduced. Design criteria for high temperature sensors are outlined and initial experimental results are presented.
Categorization in multiple category systems (2006)

We explore the situation in which documents have to be categorized into more than one category system, a situation we refer to as multiple-view categorization. More particularly, we address the case where two different categorizers have already been built based on non-necessarily identical training sets, each one labeled using one category system. On the top of these categorizers considered as black-boxes, we propose some algorithms able to exploit a third training set containing a few examples annotated in both category systems. Such a situation arises for example in large companies where incoming mails have to be routed to several departments, each one relying on its own category system. We focus here on exploiting possible dependencies between category systems in order to refine the categorization decisions made by categorizers trained independently on different category systems. After a description of the multiple categorization problem, we present several possible solutions, based either on a categorization or reweighting approach, and compare them on real data. Lastly, we show how the multimedia categorization problem can be cast as a multiple categorization problem and assess our methods in this framework.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Organic Azides and 1‐Iodoalkynes (2009)

Sauber verklebt: 1-Iodalkine reagieren schnell und selektiv mit organischen Aziden in Gegenwart von Kupfer(I)-Katalysatoren [siehe Schema; TTTA=Tris((1-tert-butyl-1H-1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl)amin]. Viele funktionelle Gruppen und Lösungsmittel können verwendet werden, und die 5-Iodtriazole, die in sehr guten Ausbeuten entstehen, lassen sich gut zu vollständig substituierten 1,2,3-Triazolen funktionalisieren.
Satellite Network Task Deployment Method Based on SDN and ICN (2022)

With the rapid development of 5G and the Internet of Things, satellite networks are emerging as an indispensable part of realizing wide-area coverage. The growth of the constellation of low-orbit satellites makes it possible to deploy edge computing services in satellite networks. This is, however, challenging due to the topological dynamics and limited resources of satellite networks. To improve the performance of edge computing in a satellite network, we propose a satellite network task deployment method based on SDN (software-defined network) and ICN (information-centric network). In this method, based on the full analysis of satellite network resources, a mission deployment model of a low-orbit satellite network is established. The genetic algorithm is then used to solve the proposed method. Experiments confirm that this method can effectively reduce the response delay of the tasks and the network traffic caused by task processing.
The in vitro anti-tumor activity of some crude and purified components of blackseed, Nigella sativa L. (1998)

A crude gum, a fixed oil and two purified components of Nigella sativa seed, thymoquinone (TQ) and dithymoquinone (DIM), were assayed in vitro for their cytotoxicity for several parental and multi-drug resistant (MDR) human tumor cell lines. Although as much as 1% w/v of the gum or oil was devoid of cytotoxicity, both TQ and DIM were cytotoxic for all of the tested cell lines (IC50's 78 to 393 microM). Both the parental cell lines and their corresponding MDR variants, over 10-fold more resistant to the standard antineoplastic agents doxorubicin (DOX) and etoposide (ETP), as compared to their respective parental controls, were equally sensitive to TQ and DIM. The inclusion of the competitive MDR modulator quinine in the assay reversed MDR Dx-5 cell resistance to DOX and ETP by 6- to 16-fold, but had no effect on the cytotoxicity of TQ or DIM. Quinine also increased MDR Dx-5 cell accumulation of the P-glycoprotein substrate 3H-taxol in a dose-dependent manner. However, neither TQ nor DIM significantly altered cellular accumulation of 3H-taxol. The inclusion of 0.5% v/v of the radical scavenger DMSO in the assay reduced the cytotoxicity of DOX by as much as 39%, but did not affect that of TQ or DIM. These studies suggest that TQ and DIM, which are cytotoxic for several types of human tumor cells, may not be MDR substrates, and that radical generation may not be critical to their cytotoxic activity.
Evaluation of a Hemolysis-in-Gel Test for Detection and Quantitation of Antibodies to Bluetongue Virus (1980)

A hemolysis-in-gel (HIG) test was developed to detect and quantitate antibody to bluetongue virus (BTV). The HIG test was sensitive and accurate when applied to sera from sheep and cattle infected with BTV. Sensitized sheep RBC were prepared by adsorption of partly purified BTV to the cells. Regression analysis of data showed a linear relationship between the diameter of the hemolytic zone and the log of the antibody concentration. The HIG test did not differentiate among antiodies to four serotypes of BTV, but did differentiate between antibody of BTV and antibody to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus.
All Solid-State Potentiometric Biosensors for Creatinine Determination Based on pH and Ammonium Electrodes (2009)

This work investigates a disposable creatinine potentiometric biosensor based on a pH-sensitive electrode and an ammonium ion-selective electrode. An enzyme, creatinine iminohydrolase (CIH) was immobilized directly onto the surface of the electrodes by the entrapment method. According to the experimental results, the creatinine biosensors based on the pH-sensitive electrode and ammonium ion-selective electrode show a rapid response time (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">95</sub> < 30 s) and a linear dynamic response range for creatinine determination between 40 muM and 140 muM. Furthermore, the ammonium ion-selective electrode-based biosensors exhibited good operational stability (over 14 times) and storage stability (over 40 days). By discussing the reproducibility and pH effects of the creatinine biosensors, features of creatinine biosensors based on ammonium ion-selective electrodes are described. Moreover, development of a low-cost, solid-state, disposable potentiometric creatinine biosensor based on pH-sensitive electrodes and ammonium ion-selective electrodes is discussed.
ChemEngine: harvesting 3D chemical structures of supplementary data from PDF files (2016)

Digital access to chemical journals resulted in a vast array of molecular information that is now available in the supplementary material files in PDF format. However, extracting this molecular information, generally from a PDF document format is a daunting task. Here we present an approach to harvest 3D molecular data from the supporting information of scientific research articles that are normally available from publisher’s resources. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of extracting truly computable molecules from PDF file formats in a fast and efficient manner, we have developed a Java based application, namely ChemEngine. This program recognizes textual patterns from the supplementary data and generates standard molecular structure data (bond matrix, atomic coordinates) that can be subjected to a multitude of computational processes automatically. The methodology has been demonstrated via several case studies on different formats of coordinates data stored in supplementary information files, wherein ChemEngine selectively harvested the atomic coordinates and interpreted them as molecules with high accuracy. The reusability of extracted molecular coordinate data was demonstrated by computing Single Point Energies that were in close agreement with the original computed data provided with the articles. It is envisaged that the methodology will enable large scale conversion of molecular information from supplementary files available in the PDF format into a collection of ready- to- compute molecular data to create an automated workflow for advanced computational processes. Software along with source codes and instructions available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/chemengine/files/?source=navbar .
Effect of homologous and heterologous seminal plasma on the fertilizing ability of ejaculated bull spermatozoa assessed by penetration of zona-free bovine oocytes (1996)

The ability of seminal plasma to influence the fertility of ejaculated bull spermatozoa was examined using a sperm penetration assay for zona-free bovine oocytes. Washed, ejaculated spermatozoa from bulls of below (low) or above average (high) fertility were mixed with seminal plasma from the same bull, or with seminal plasma from a bull of contrasting fertility. Treated spermatozoa were stained with different fluorochromes and competed to penetrate oocytes after heterospermic insemination in vitro. Washed spermatozoa exposed to seminal plasma from bulls of high fertility penetrated more oocytes than those spermatozoa mixed with seminal plasma from bulls of low fertility (P < 0.01). Mixing low fertility spermatozoa with high fertility seminal plasma generally improved penetrating ability compared with low fertility spermatozoa mixed with low fertility seminal plasma (P = 0.05). Washed spermatozoa from a bull of low fertility mixed with his own seminal plasma had greater ability to penetrate oocytes than did washed spermatozoa from a bull of high fertility mixed with seminal plasma from a bull of low fertility (P < 0.01). The bias associated with using low fertility seminal plasma from the bull providing the spermatozoa was removed by repeating this experiment using pooled seminal plasma from different subfertile bulls. After combination with pooled seminal plasma from bulls of low fertility spermatozoa from bulls of high or low fertility penetrated oocytes in a similar way, but high fertility spermatozoa had a slightly higher penetration rate (P = 0.12). In conclusion, the penetration of zona-free oocytes by ejaculated spermatozoa from bulls of low fertility was marginally improved by seminal plasma from bulls of high fertility, but penetration by high fertility spermaotoza was decreased by exposure to low fertility seminal plasma. Seminal plasma from bulls of low fertility similarly affected the penetrating ability of high and low fertility spermatozoa if the seminal plasma used was foreign to the spermatozoa being tested.
Immunization of <i>Aotus</i> Monkeys with Recombinant <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Hybrid Proteins Does Not Reproducibly Result in Protection from Malaria Infection (1998)

Plasmodium falciparum antigens SERP, HRPII, MSAI, and 41-3 have shown promise as vaccine components. This study aimed at reproducing and extending previous results using three hybrid molecules. Antibody responses were reproduced in Aotus monkeys, but solid protection from a P. falciparum blood-stage challenge that showed an unintendedly enhanced pathogenicity was not observed.
Digital Deconvolution Filter Derived from Linear Discriminant Analysis and Application for Multiphoton Fluorescence Microscopy (2014)

A digital filter derived from linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is developed for recovering impulse responses in photon counting from a high speed photodetector (rise time of ~1 ns) and applied to remove ringing distortions from impedance mismatch in multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. Training of the digital filter was achieved by defining temporally coincident and noncoincident transients and identifying the projection within filter-space that best separated the two classes. Once trained, data analysis by digital filtering can be performed quickly. Assessment of the reliability of the approach was performed through comparisons of simulated voltage transients, in which the ground truth results were known a priori. The LDA filter was also found to recover deconvolved impulses for single photon counting from highly distorted ringing waveforms from an impedance mismatched photomultiplier tube. The LDA filter was successful in removing these ringing distortions from two-photon excited fluorescence micrographs and through data simulations was found to extend the dynamic range of photon counting by approximately 3 orders of magnitude through minimization of detector paralysis.
Development and Evaluation of an in ovo Plasmid DNAVaccine Against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (2007)

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious disease of chickens, which is controlled by live and inactivated vaccines. In this study, we evaluated a novel approach to vaccinate chickens against IBDV using DNA vaccinology. Plasmid DNA was administered in ovo to 18-day-old embryos. The DNA vaccine expresses the polyprotein VP2-VP4-VP3 of IBDV. The VP2 gene expresses epitopes of D78 strain and variant strain of GLS. VP3 and VP4 genes are from D78. VP2-VP4-VP3 genes were inserted into a plasmid vector (pVAX1) and their expression verified by immunostaining assays. SPF and fertile broiler eggs with maternal antibodies were vaccinated and hatched chicks were challenged against IBDV-STC. Each embryo received 60 µg of the DNA vaccine delivered into the amniotic cavity. In addition, a control group was inoculated with plasmid DNA without insert. Two groups of birds (SPF and broilers) received a booster immunization with baculovirus expressed-proteins of IBDV. The DNA vaccine had no detrimental effect on hatchability or first week post-hatch survival. In ovo vaccination generated detectable humoral immune responses as measured by ELISA. Antibody response was significantly enhanced two weeks after the birds received the IBDV-protein boost. However, no significant protection was observed in all vaccinated groups. BF had severe microscopic lesions. Broilers vaccinated with plasmid DNA or IBDV-protein had partial protection possibly due to maternal antibodies.
Abstract 5180: Enhanced and controlled chromatin extraction for chromatin-based epigenetic assays in FFPE tissues (2019)

Abstract Background: Epigenetic dysregulation is involved in the etiology and progression of various human diseases. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples represent the gold standard for archiving pathology samples, and thus FFPE samples are a major resource of samples in clinical research. However, chromatin-based epigenetic assays in the clinical settings are limited to fresh or frozen samples and are hampered by low chromatin yield in FFPE samples due to the lack of reliable and efficient chromatin preparation methods. Here, we introduce a new chromatin extraction method from FFPE tissues (Chrom-EX PE) for chromatin-based epigenetic assays. Results: During rehydration of FFPE tissues, applying tissue-level cross-link reversal to the deparaffinized tissue at 65°C dramatically increased chromatin yield in the soluble fraction. We found the resulting chromatin to be compatible with ChIP-qPCR and ChIP-seq analysis of histone marks (H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K27Ac) and RNA polymerase II. The chromatin prepared by Chrom-EX PE showed a gradual fragmentation pattern with varying incubation temperature. At temperatures below 37°C, the majority of soluble chromatin was over 1 kb in size. The soluble chromatin prepared at 45-60°C showed a typical nucleosomal pattern shown in cell lines and frozen tissues. The majority of the chromatin prepared at 65°C is close to mononucleosomal size. These observations indicate that chromatin preparation from FFPE samples can be controlled for downstream chromatin-based epigenetic assays. Conclusions: Our method achieves efficient extraction of high-quality chromatin from FFPE samples suitable for targeted and genome-wide epigenetic assays while minimizing degradation and damages. This approach provides a new platform for developing chromatin-based assays applicable to archived FFPE samples to circumvent the over-fixed nature of FFPE tissues. This work was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health grant P01DK068055 and the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine Epigenomics Program. Citation Format: Jian Zhong, Zhenqing Ye, Chad Clark, Samuel Lenz, Justin Nguyen, Huihuang Yan, Keith Robertson, Gianrico Farrugia, Zhiguo Zhang, Tamas Ordog, Jeong-Heon Lee. Enhanced and controlled chromatin extraction for chromatin-based epigenetic assays in FFPE tissues [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5180.
Vaccination Against Dengue: Challenges and Current Developments (2015)

Dengue is a growing threat worldwide, and the development of a vaccine is a public health priority. The completion of the active phase of two pivotal efficacy studies conducted in Asia and Latin America by Sanofi Pasteur has constituted an important step. Several other approaches are under development, and whichever technology is used, vaccine developers face several challenges linked to the particular nature and etiology of dengue disease. We start our review by defining questions and potential issues linked to dengue pathology and presenting the main types of vaccine approaches that have explored these questions; some of these candidates are in a late stage of clinical development. In the second part of the review, we focus on the Sanofi Pasteur dengue vaccine candidate, describing the steps from research to phase III efficacy studies. Finally, we discuss what could be the next steps, before and after vaccine introduction, to ensure that the vaccine will provide the best benefit with an acceptable safety profile to the identified target populations.
Programmable multifunction laser. [Patent application] (1982)

This multi-format modulated laser may be programmed to produce a variety of output waveforms by applying a different one of a plurality of modulating waveforms thereto. The outputs can includes continuous waves, both modulated and unmodulated, Q-switched pulses, cavity dumped pulses, shaped pulses and mode locked pulses. The laser is provided with an intracavity electro-optic modulator and may comprise two coupled cavities with a gain cell in one cavity and the modulator in the other cavity.
Infornation Modeling and Analysis of Event Related Potentials (1987)

An approach to the analysis of event related potentials (ERP) based on information theory is described. The amount of information in cortical potentials evoked by words briefly presented by tachistoscope is measured by a transinformation method. The inputs to the communication channel are four word categories. One category is composed of pleasant words, another of unpleasant words, both drawn from the Osgood semantic differential research, and two categories are composed of word stimuli related to a psychiatric patient's complaints. The patients chosen for study exhibit either phobias or pathological grief reactions. The method allows ERP's to be mapped into transinformation profiles that reveal time intervals during the poststimulus ERP favorable to the transmission of information concerning the word category presented. The transinformation model results for actual and synthetic data are discussed.