gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Label-free quantitative 3D tomographic imaging for partially coherent light microscopy (2017)

Crucial benefits provided by partially coherent light microscopy such as improved spatial resolution, optical sectioning and speckle-noise suppression are exploited here to achieve 3D quantitative imaging: reconstruction of the object refractive index (RI). We present a partially coherent optical diffraction tomography technique (PC-ODT) that can be easily implemented in commercially available bright-field microscopes. We show that the high numerical apertures of the objective and condenser lenses, together with optical refocusing, are main issues for achieving fast and successful 3D RI reconstruction of weak objects. In particular, the optical refocusing is performed by a high-speed focus tunable lens mounted in front of the digital camera enabling compatibility with commercial microscopes. The technique is experimentally demonstrated on different examples: diatom cells (biosilica shells), polystyrene micro-spheres and blood cells. The results confirm the straightforward 3D-RI reconstruction of the samples providing valuable quantitative information for their analysis. Thus, the PC-ODT can be considered as an efficient and affordable alternative to coherent ODT which requires specially designed holographic microscopes.
Secure applications need flexible operating systems (2002)

As information exchange over wide area networks becomes an increasingly essential component of new applications, firewalls will no longer provide an adequate defense against malicious attackers. Individual workstations will need to provide strong enough security to contain malicious processes and prevent the domino effect of a pierced firewall. Some of the most commonly found security holes today result from the fact that simple operations can be surprisingly difficult to implement correctly on top of a traditional POSIX-like interface. We claim that by combining hierarchically-named capabilities, a novel generalization of the Unix user and group ID concept, with the low-level system calls of an exokernel operating system, we can achieve a system-call interface which is flexible enough to avoid much of the complexity that often leads to security holes in discretionary access control operating systems like Unix.
Systematic Clustering of Transcription Start Site Landscapes (2011)

Genome-wide, high-throughput methods for transcription start site (TSS) detection have shown that most promoters have an array of neighboring TSSs where some are used more than others, forming a distribution of initiation propensities. TSS distributions (TSSDs) vary widely between promoters and earlier studies have shown that the TSSDs have biological implications in both regulation and function. However, no systematic study has been made to explore how many types of TSSDs and by extension core promoters exist and to understand which biological features distinguish them. In this study, we developed a new non-parametric dissimilarity measure and clustering approach to explore the similarities and stabilities of clusters of TSSDs. Previous studies have used arbitrary thresholds to arrive at two general classes: broad and sharp. We demonstrated that in addition to the previous broad/sharp dichotomy an additional category of promoters exists. Unlike typical TATA-driven sharp TSSDs where the TSS position can vary a few nucleotides, in this category virtually all TSSs originate from the same genomic position. These promoters lack epigenetic signatures of typical mRNA promoters and a substantial subset of them are mapping upstream of ribosomal protein pseudogenes. We present evidence that these are likely mapping errors, which have confounded earlier analyses, due to the high similarity of ribosomal gene promoters in combination with known G addition bias in the CAGE libraries. Thus, previous two-class separations of promoter based on TSS distributions are motivated, but the ultra-sharp TSS distributions will confound downstream analyses if not removed.
Extended-range PMSM sensorless speed drive based on stochastic filtering (2001)

The paper describes the design of a high-performance sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive, capable of starting at full torque even from standstill and able to deliver full torque in 1:12 speed range. Experimental setup, hardware circuitry and software implementation are described into details. Particular emphasis is given to the software control algorithms, that were specifically studied to enhance the overall system performance.
Extremely Electron-Rich, Boron-Functionalized, Icosahedral Carborane-Based Phosphinoboranes (2012)

We have prepared the first examples of B9-connected trivalent aryl and alkyl phosphinoborane species via Pd-catalyzed phosphination of 9-iodo-<i>meta</i>-carborane. Our studies highlight the unique electronic features of the B9-connected <i>meta</i>-carboranyl moiety as compared to its C1-based analogue. This work suggests that the B9-functionalized <i>meta</i>-carboranyl substituent in these ligands exhibits more electron-releasing character than any other known carbon-based substituent, ultimately laying the foundation for a new class of phosphine ligands with extremely electron-rich character.
Advances in computational design and optimization with application to MEMS (2001)

Abstract In this paper, we will highlight the current research which employs the topology optimization to find the optimal configuration of various smart structures and microstructures, specifically, pressure actuated compliant mechanisms, flextensional transducers, and porous material microstructures with unusual thermoelastic properties. These examples demonstrate that the topology optimization problem involving multiple physics domain is a viable direction for future research, in particular, for sensor and actuator design. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MessageGuard: A Browser-based Platform for Usable, Content-Based\n Encryption Research (2015)

This paper describes MessageGuard, a browser-based platform for research into\nusable content-based encryption. MessageGuard is designed to enable\ncollaboration between security and usability researchers on long-standing\nresearch questions in this area. It significantly simplifies the effort\nrequired to work in this space and provides a place for research results to be\nshared, replicated, and compared with minimal confounding factors. MessageGuard\nprovides ubiquitous encryption and secure cryptographic operations, enabling\nresearch on any existing web application, with realistic usability studies on a\nsecure platform. We validate MessageGuard's compatibility and performance, and\nwe illustrate its utility with case studies for Gmail and Facebook Chat.\n
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Organic Frameworks as a Tunable Platform for Designing Functional Molecular Materials (2013)

Abstract Review: 82 refs.
Techniques for Methane Gas Leak Detection Using a Near-Infrared Diode Laser (2005)

In recent years, a requirement has emerged for cost-effective techniques for the detection of leaks of methane gas, the principle ingredient of natural gas. To realize such techniques, laser absorption spectroscopy at the absorption line of methane has been intensively researched. The author has developed two types of equipment for methane gas leak detection using a compact and low-cost near-infrared diode laser (InGaAsP DFB laser,λ=1.65372μm). One system can survey the leaks in underground gas pipes while driving along the roadabove the pipes. The other can provide remote detection and pinpointing of the leaks in exposed gas pipes. To accomplish highly sensitive detection, despite weak absorption in near-infrared range, these two equipments employ second-harmonic detection of wavelength modulation spectroscopy.
Backscatter absorption gas imaging: a new technique for gas visualization (1993)

This paper presents a new laser-based method of gas detection that permits real-time television images of gases to be produced. The principle of this technique [which is called backscatter absorption gas imaging (BAGI)] and the operation of two instruments used to implement it are described. These instruments use 5-W and 20-W CO(2) lasers to achieve gas imaging at ranges of approximately 30 and 125 m, respectively. Derivations of relevant BAGI signal equations that can be used to predict the performance of a gas imager are provided. The predictions of this model and the measured range performance of an extended-range gas imager are compared. Finally, the results of gas sensitivity measurements and imaging tests on flowing gases are presented. These can be used to generate a realistic estimate of the BAGI sensitivity expected in detecting leaks of many different vapors.
Co-Delivery of Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel in cRGD-Modified Long Circulating Nanoparticles with Asymmetric Lipid Layers for Breast Cancer Treatment (2018)

Combination chemotherapy is a common clinical practice in cancer treatment. Here, cyclic RGD (arginylglycylaspartic acid) peptide was introduced to the surface of lipid/calcium/phosphate (LCP) asymmetric lipid layer nanoparticles for the co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and gemcitabine monophosphate (GMP) (P/G-NPs). The sphere-like morphology of P/G-NPs displays a well-distributed particle size, and high entrapment efficiency and drug loading for both PTX and GMP, with a positive zeta potential. P/G-NPs were stable for up to 15 days. The cellular uptake of these cyclic RGD-modified nanoparticles was significantly higher than that of unmodified nanoparticles over 2 h incubation. Compared with the combination of free PTX and GMP (P/G-Free), P/G-NPs exhibited a longer circulation lifetime and improved absorption for PTX and GMP. Polyethylene glycol was responsible for a higher plasma concentration and a decreased apparent volume of distribution (V<sub>z</sub>). Nanoparticles enhanced the drug accumulation in tumors compared with other major organs after 24 h. P/G-NPs nearly halted tumor growth, with little evidence of general toxicity, whereas P/G-Free had only a modest inhibitory effect at 16 mg/kg of GMP and 2.0 mg/kg of PTX. Increased levels of apoptosis within tumors were detected in P/G-NPs group by approximately 43.6% (TUNEL assay). When compared with GMP NPs, PTX NPs, and P/G-Free, P/G-NPs decreased expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 and B-cell lymphoma-extra large proteins, and increased expression of cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1. Calreticulin expression in tumors also increased upon the co-delivery of PTX and GMP. The antitumor effect of P/G-NPs is more powerful than P/G-Free, GMP NP, or PTX NP alone, without obvious toxicity.
Peritoneal Leukocyte Survival and Respiratory Burst Responses in Patients Treated with a Low Glucose Degradation and High pH Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid (2003)

The discovery of toxicity related to glucose degradation products (GDP) has initiated the development of new PD fluids with low GDP concentrations and higher, more physiological, pH levels. Cell numbers, differential counts and the respiratory burst responses of peritoneal leukocytes were compared between patients treated with the low GDP, high pH fluid Gambrosol-trio (n=10) and a conventional fluid (n=12). Effluents from over-night dwells were collected and leukocytes were evaluated morphologically and by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence (CL) after stimulation with opsonized zymosan. The frequency of necrosis and early apoptosis was quantified by means of annexin V binding and propidium iodide uptake. The Gambrosol-trio group produced significantly higher (p<5%) macrophage counts and stronger CL responses (p<10%) than did the conventional fluid group. The cell compositions did not differ significantly between the groups. Necrosis was significantly more common among the cells in the conventional fluid group. The occurrence of apoptosis did not differ between the fluids.
Epstein-Barr virus associated B cell lymphoproliferative disorders following bone marrow transplantation (1988)

B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BLPD) developed in eight patients following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for leukemia (five patients) or immunodeficiency (three patients). Recipients of T depleted marrow from a mismatched donor were at particularly high risk of this complication. Six of 25 (24%) recipients of mismatched T depleted bone marrow developed BLPD. In contrast, none of 47 matched T depleted transplants, one of ten (10%) who received non-depleted marrow from an unrelated donor, and only one of 424 matched non-depleted transplants were associated with BLPD. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific serology and DNA hybridization studies demonstrating five to 50 copies of EBV genome/cell in involved tissues implicate this virus as an associated etiologic agent. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and cytogenetic analysis of involved tissue demonstrated donor origin (five of seven) or host origin (two of seven). Histologic appearance was similar to EBV-induced polymorphic B cell proliferations described following solid organ transplantation, or which occur de novo in primary immunodeficiency. Six of seven patients with adequate tissue available for study were found to have monoclonal proliferations by: in situ immunofluorescence (six of seven), and/or immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, (four of six). Cytogenetic analysis of involved tissues from four patients showed a normal karyotype, whereas two had multiple clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Seven patients died despite aggressive attempts at therapy with combinations of antiviral, immunologic, and chemotherapeutic agents.
Air-Hole Retained Growth by Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Fabricating GaAs-Based Photonic-Crystal Lasers (2013)

We report a method of embedding air/semiconductor two-dimensional photonic-crystal structures into semiconductor crystals using molecular beam epitaxy. We show that we can form air/GaAs photonic crystals composed of retained air holes only by growing an AlGaAs layer onto a GaAs substrate with photonic-crystal patterns. A variety of air/GaAs photonic-crystal structures can also be obtained by adjusting the relative directions between the molecular-beam irradiation and the crystalline orientation of GaAs. Finally, a flat surface, where the root-mean-square value is less than 1 nm, are obtained when AlGaAs layers with sufficient thickness are grown even after the air-hole retained growth.
Mining Text for Expert Witnesses (2005)

Text mining is a relatively new research area associated with the creation of novel information resources from electronic text repositories. An expert-witness database based on text from legal, medical, and news documents demonstrates the successful application of text-mining techniques.
Global Optimization: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications (2013)

This volume contains a thorough overview of the rapidly growing field of global optimization, with chapters on key topics such as\n•\tcomplexity,\n•\theuristic methods,\n•\tderivation of lower bounds for minimization problems, and\n•\tbranch-and-bound methods and convergence.\n\nThe final chapter offers both benchmark test problems and applications of global optimization, such as finding the conformation of a molecule or planning an optimal trajectory for interplanetary space travel. An appendix provides fundamental information on convex and concave functions.\n\n\n\nAudience\nGlobal Optimization is intended for Ph.D. students, researchers, and practitioners looking for advanced solution methods to difficult optimization problems. It can be used as a supplementary text in an advanced graduate-level seminar.
Improved survival of Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 in spray-dried powders containing gum acacia (2002)

Gum acacia treatment for the manufacture of probiotic-containing powders should result in more efficient probiotic delivery to the host gastrointestinal tract.
Abnormal KCNQ1 trafficking influences disease pathogenesis in hereditary long QT syndromes (LQT1) (2005)

Our data revealed that channel trafficking may contribute to the pathogenesis of LQT1.
[The effect of weight reduction on compensation in diabetic obese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. (1998)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity in 80 to 90%. The presence of obesity enhances insulin resistance, which increases the demands on insulin secretion and causes deterioration of glucose tolerance. Hyperinsulinism has some metabolic sequelae which increase the risk of the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Reduction of body weight is a basic therapeutic provision in obese diabetics. It results not only in better compensation of diabetes but also other metabolic parameters and blood pressure as it leads to a higher tissue sensitivity for insulin. This can delay the development of long-term complications of diabetes mellitus.
The Effects of Postharvest Infiltration of Calcium, Magnesium, or Strontium on Decay, Firmness, Respiration, and Ethylene Production in Apples (1987)

Abstract ‘Delicious’ apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) were pressure-infiltrated (68.95 kPa) above atmospheric at harvest with CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , or SrCl 2 . After 5 months in storage at 0°C, the fruit were removed, wound-inoculated with a conidial suspension of Penicillium expansum , and kept for 7 days at 20°. Fruit then were rated for decay severity, ethylene production, respiration, firmness, and injury, and analyzed for the concentration of the appropriate cation. Calcium was the optimum cation for reducing decay, maintaining fruit firmness, and suppressing ethylene production. Cation treatments had little effect on respiration, and Mg was the only cation that caused distinctive injury to the fruit surface.
T-rays vs. terrorists (2007)

This paper discusses terahertz radiation technology (T-ray) that will probably find its first big uses in security-related applications, an enormous fast-growing business because of recent high-profile terrorist attacks.The technology appeal here is undeniable: in a terahertz image, a gun or a knife shines through whatever clothing it's concealed in - even a plastic knife shows up, because of the way its sharp edges scatter the radiation. And yet, unlike X-rays, T-ray screeners could be used routinely on people, because the radiation is harmless.
Thémis: A Database Programming Language Handling Integrity Constraints (1995)

This article presents a database programming language, Thémis, which supports subtyping and class hierarchies, and allows for the definition of integrity constraints in a global and declarative way. We first describe the salient features of the language: types, names, classes, integrity constraints (including methods), and transactions. The inclusion of methods into integrity constraints allows an increase of the declarative power of these constraints. Indeed, the information needed to define a constraint is not always stored in the database through attributes, but is sometimes computed or derived data. Then, we address the problem of efficiently checking constraints. More specifically, we consider two different problems: (1) statically reducing the number of constraints to be checked, and (2) generating an efficient run-time checker. Using simple strategies, one can significantly improve the efficiency of the verification. We show how to reduce the number of constraints to be checked by characterizing the portions of the database that are involved in both the constraints and in a transaction. We also show how to generate efficient algorithms for checking a large class of constraints. We show how all the techniques presented exploit the underlying type system, which provides significant help in solving (1) and (2). Last, the current status of the Thémis prototype is presented.
Positional Specificities of Four Kinds of Microbial Lipases (1976)

Journal Article Positional Specificities of Four Kinds of Microbial Lipases Get access Susumu Okumura, Susumu Okumura The Osaka Municipal Technical Reseach Institute, Kita-ku, Osaka 530, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mieko Iwai, Mieko Iwai The Osaka Municipal Technical Reseach Institute, Kita-ku, Osaka 530, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Tsujisaka Yoshio Tsujisaka The Osaka Municipal Technical Reseach Institute, Kita-ku, Osaka 530, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 4, 1 April 1976, Pages 655–660, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10862109 Published: 01 April 1976 Article history Received: 04 June 1975 Published: 01 April 1976
Michael–Michael Addition Reactions Promoted by Secondary Amine-Thiourea: Stereocontrolled Construction of Barbiturate-Fused Tetrahydropyrano Scaffolds and Pyranocoumarins (2017)

Bifunctional secondary amine-thiourea organocatalysts were successfully applied in the stereocontrolled synthesis of barbiturate-fused tetrahydropyrano scaffolds. Compared with typically used tertiary amine-thiourea organocatalysts, the developed catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the domino Michael-Michael reaction between N, N'-dimethylbarbituric acid and Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates of nitroalkenes to yield pharmaceutically important heterocycles in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Moreover, this catalytic protocol can also be applied to synthesize biologically active pyranocoumarin compounds.
Obtaining Stereographics Using a Two-Monitor System and a Set of Mirrors (2008)

Nowadays is quite common to find personal computers with two monitors, all they need is a video card with outputs to (at least) two monitors, which should be as identical as possible, and show each image in the stereo pair, through each monitor. This paper shows first how to build a simple set of mirrors so that each eye will look at a different monitor, and second, how to write an OpenGL code that computes correct stereo pairs of a moving scene and displays them, each on its own monitor, enabling us to see it in real 3D.
Pressure-induced Dissociation and Denaturation of Allophycocyanin at Subzero Temperatures (1995)

The thermodynamics of assembly of the allophycocyanin hexamer was examined employing hydrostatic pressures in the range of 1 bar to 2.4 kbar and temperatures of 20 to -12 degrees C, the latter made possible by the decrease of the freezing point of water under pressure. The existence of two processes, dissociation of the hexamer into dimers, (alpha beta)3-->3 (alpha beta), and dissociation of the alpha beta dimers into monomers, (alpha beta)-->alpha + beta have been recognized previously by changes in the absorbance and fluorescence of the tetrapyrrolic chromophores owing to added ligands. The same changes are observed in the absence of ligands at pressures of under 2.4 kbar and temperatures down to -12 degrees C. On decompression from 2.4 kbar at 0 degrees C, appreciable hysteresis and a persistent loss of 50% in the absorbance at 653 nm is observed. It results from the conformational drift of the isolated subunits and is reduced to 10% when the highest pressure is limited to 1.6 kbar. The thermodynamic parameters of the reaction alpha + beta-->alpha beta can be determined from pressure effects on perchlorate solutions of allophycocyanin, which consist of dimers alone. Their previous knowledge permits estimation, under suitable hypotheses, of the thermodynamic parameters of the reaction 3(alpha beta)-->(alpha beta)3 from the overall pressure effects on the hexamers. Both association reactions have positive enthalpy changes, and the whole hexamer assembly is made possible by the excess entropy.
Packaging of a monolithic microwave/optical receiver chip with an optical fiber (1996)

Summary form only given. Here we report on the design and operation of a high-speed monolithically integrated GaAs receiver with MSM photodetector. We also report on a packaging approach to reliably couple light from an optical fiber on to the planar detector. This approach utilizes Si V-groove technology and flip-chip bonding to achieve the required alignment tolerances.