gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRI Correlates of Parkinson’s Disease Progression: A Voxel Based Morphometry Study (2015)

We investigated structural brain differences between a group of early-mild PD patients at different phases of the disease and healthy subjects using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). 20 mild PD patients compared to 15 healthy at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up. VBM is a fully automated technique, which allows the identification of regional differences in the gray matter enabling an objective analysis of the whole brain between groups of subjects. With respect to controls, PD patients exhibited decreased GM volumes in right putamen and right parietal cortex. After 2 years of disease, the same patients confirmed GM loss in the putamen and parietal cortex; a significant difference was also observed in the area of pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and in the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). PD is associated with brain morphological changes in cortical and subcortical structures. The first regions to be affected in PD seem to be the parietal cortex and the putamen. A third structure that undergoes atrophy is the part of the inferior-posterior midbrain, attributable to the PPN and MLR. Our findings provide new insight into the brain involvement in PD and could contribute to a better understanding of the sequence of events occurring in these patients.
Early adversity and 5-HTT/BDNF genes: new evidence of gene–environment interactions on depressive symptoms in a general population (2009)

Childhood adversity per se predicted higher levels of adult depressive symptoms. In addition, BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms seemed to moderate the effect of CSA on adult depressive symptoms.
DNA‐Based Carbohydrate Biochips: A Platform for Surface Glyco‐Engineering (2007)

Hoch empfindliche Chips: Eine Anordnung von Oligonucleotid-Kohlenhydrat-Konjugaten, die auf einem DNA-Chip hybridisiert sind, kann für die Immobilisierung von Oligosacchariden bei extrem niedrigen Konzentrationen genutzt werden (1 μM). Für Lektin lag die untere Nachweisgrenze des Systems bei 2–20 nm. Die relative Oberflächendichte der Konjugate wurde anhand der Cy3-Fluoreszenz bestimmt.
Jogging over a distance (2007)

Jogging is a healthy activity and many people enjoy jogging with others for social and motivational reasons. However, jogging partners might not always live in the same location, and it may be difficult to find a local jogger who runs at the same pace, we found through a survey "Jogging over a Distance" allows geographically distant joggers to socialize and motivate one another by using spatialized audio to convey presence and pace cues, similar to the experience of running side by side. We hope our approach encourages active and prospective joggers to jog longer and more often, while simultaneously supporting friendships.
Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Biocompatible Poly(ethylene glycol) for Delivery of Paclitaxel (2014)

Graphene oxide (GO), a novel 2D nanomaterial prepared by the oxidation of natural graphite, has been paid much attention in the area of drug delivery due to good biocompatibility and low toxicity. In the present work, 6-armed poly(ethylene glycol) was covalently introduced into the surface of GO sheets via a facile amidation process under mild conditions, making the modified GO, GO-PEG (PEG: 65 wt %, size: 50-200 nm), stable and biocompatible in physiological solution. This nanosized GO-PEG was found to be nontoxic to human lung cancer A549 and human breast cancer MCF-7 cells via cell viability assay. Furthermore, paclitaxel (PTX), a widely used cancer chemotherapy drug, was conjugated onto GO-PEG via π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions to afford a nanocomplex of GO-PEG/PTX with a relatively high loading capacity for PTX (11.2 wt %). This complex could quickly enter into A549 and MCF-7 cells evidenced by inverted fluorescence microscopy using Fluorescein isothiocyanate as a probe, and it also showed remarkably high cytotoxicity to A549 and MCF-7 cells in a broad range of concentration of PTX and time compared to free PTX. This kind of nanoscale drug delivery system on the basis of PEGylated GO may find potential application in biomedicine.
Lack of recovery in monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression is independently associated with the development of sepsis after major trauma (2010)

Major trauma induced an immunosuppression, characterized by a decrease in mHLA-DR expression. Importantly, after multivariate regression logistic analysis, persistent decreased expression was assessed to be in relation with the development of sepsis. This is the first study in trauma patients showing a link between the lack of immune recovery and the development of sepsis on the basis of the standardized protocol. Monitoring immune function by mHLA-DR measurement could be useful to identify trauma patients at a high risk of infection.
Sparse antenna array configurations in large aperture synthesis radio telescopes (2006)

This paper presents the trade-offs between sparse versus dense and regular versus irregular arrays for the station configuration of the LOFAR Low Band Antenna. The relation between these parameters and the element patterns, station beam patterns, effective area, receiver noise temperature, tapering opportunities and the Field of View (or beam width) are presented. A method is proposed and evaluated to suppress the peak grating lobe level in an aperture synthesis telescope consisting of regular sparse stations.
Smooth Scan: Statistics-oblivious access paths (2015)

Query optimizers depend heavily on statistics representing column distributions to create efficient query plans. In many cases, though, statistics are outdated or non-existent, and the process of refreshing statistics is very expensive, especially for ad-hoc workloads on ever bigger data. This results in suboptimal plans that severely hurt performance. The main problem is that any decision, once made by the optimizer, is fixed throughout the execution of a query. In particular, each logical operator translates into a fixed choice of a physical operator at run-time. In this paper, we advocate for continuous adaptation and morphing of physical operators throughout their lifetime, by adjusting their behavior in accordance with the statistical properties of the data. We demonstrate the benefits of the new paradigm by designing and implementing an adaptive access path operator called Smooth Scan, which morphs continuously within the space of traditional index access and full table scan. Smooth Scan behaves similarly to an index scan for low selectivity; if selectivity increases, however, Smooth Scan progressively morphs its behavior toward a sequential scan. As a result, a system with Smooth Scan requires no access path decisions up front nor does it need accurate statistics to provide good performance. We implement Smooth Scan in PostgreSQL and, using both synthetic benchmarks as well as TPC-H, we show that it achieves robust performance while at the same time being statistics-oblivious.
Recognition of Lewis x Derivatives Present on Mucins by Flagellar Components of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa binds to human respiratory mucins by mechanisms involving flagellar component-receptor interactions. The adhesion of P. aeruginosa strain PAK is mediated by the flagellar cap protein, FliD, without the involvement of flagellin. Two distinct types of FliD proteins have been identified in P. aeruginosa: A type, found in strain PAK, and B type, found in strain PAO1. In the present work, studies performed with the P. aeruginosa B-type strain PAO1 indicate that both the FliD protein and the flagellin of this strain are involved in the binding to respiratory mucins. Using polyacrylamide-based fluorescent glycoconjugates in a flow cytometry assay, it was previously demonstrated that P. aeruginosa recognizes Le(x) (or Lewis x) derivatives found at the periphery of human respiratory mucins. The aim of the present work was therefore to determine whether these carbohydrate epitopes (or glycotopes) are receptors for FliD proteins and flagellin. The results obtained by both flow cytometry and a microplate adhesion assay indicate that the FliD protein of strain PAO1 is involved in the binding of glycoconjugates bearing Le(x) or sialyl-Le(x) determinants, while the binding of flagellin is restricted to the glycoconjugate bearing Le(x) glycotope. In contrast, the type A cap protein of P. aeruginosa strain PAK is not involved in the binding to glycoconjugates bearing Le(x), sialyl-Le(x), or sulfosialyl-Le(x) glycotopes. This study demonstrates a clear association between a specific Pseudomonas adhesin and a specific mucin glycotope and demonstrates that fine specificities exist in mucin recognition by P. aeruginosa.
Detecting and Localizing Visual Inconsistencies in Web Applications (2016)

Failures in the presentation layer of a web application can negatively impact its usability and end users' perception of the application's quality. The problem of verifying the consistency of a web application's user interface across its different pages is one of the many challenges that software development teams face in testing the presentation layer. In this paper we propose a novel automated approach to detect and localize visual inconsistencies in web applications. To detect visual inconsistencies, our approach uses computer vision techniques to compare a test web page with its reference. Then to localize, our approach analyzes the structure and style of the underlying HTML elements to find the faulty elements responsible for the observed inconsistencies.
An optimal entropy estimator for discrete random variables (2006)

This paper presents analytical formulations of the most important estimation errors-averaged squared bias error and mean squared error - for the class of entropy estimator expressed as a sum of single variable functions. The class of entropy estimator includes almost all important entropy estimators that have been proposed heretofore. Furthermore, this paper presents an optimal entropy estimator that can minimize mean squared error of the estimate under the condition that averaged squared bias error of the estimate is restricted to below an arbitrary value. A numerical experiment demonstrates that the proposed entropy estimator provides a lower mean squared error than conventional entropy estimators when entropy is estimated as an ensemble mean over plural entropy estimates obtained for different independent data. Such estimation is often utilized for biological signals, e.g., neural signals, because of biological tiredness and adaptation property.
Predictive value of p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 for chemotherapy response in advanced breast cancer. (2000)

p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. In response to DNA-damaging agents, the wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1 also known as p21) is an important downstream effector in the p53-specific growth arrest pathway. In breast cancer patients, it is unclear whether measuring p53, mdm-2, or p21 expression provides information on how patients will respond to chemotherapy. Mib-1 monoclonal antibody recognizes the proliferation-related antigen Ki-67. High tumor proliferation has previously been associated with response to chemotherapy. p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. Low mib-1 staining correlated with negative p53 staining (P = 0.001), and mdm-2 and p21 stainings correlated positively with each other (P < 0.001). p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were not significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, time to progression, or overall survival in the whole patient population or in the docetaxel group. However, in the MF group, a low mib expression (<25%) and a high mdm-2 expression (> or =10%) predicted a better response (P = 0.014 and P = 0.046, respectively) to treatment and a longer time to progression in both univariate and multivariate analyses. p53 staining status was not associated with response to treatment in either group. Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. Although highly preliminary, the findings suggest that different tumor biological factors may predict response to different chemotherapy regimens with distinct mechanisms of action. The results of our phenotype analysis also indicate that it is more likely that a panel of tumor biological factors instead of only one single factor may be needed for better prediction of chemotherapy response.
Biventricular cardiac dysfunction after acute massive pulmonary embolism in the rat (2001)

Cardiac dysfunction has been documented in vivo after acute massive pulmonary embolism (AMPE). The present study tests whether intrinsic ventricular dysfunction occurs in rat hearts isolated after AMPE. AMPE was induced in spontaneously breathing ketamine-xylazine-anesthetized rats by thrombus infusion until mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was approximately 40% of basal measurement. A hypotensive control group underwent controlled blood withdrawal to produce MAP approximately 40% of basal levels. Shams underwent identical surgical and anesthesia preparation but without pulmonary embolization. Hearts were perfused in isovolumetric mode, and simultaneous right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) pressures were measured. AMPE caused arterial hypotension with hypoxemia (PO(2) = 50 +/- 14 Torr), acidemia (pH = 7.26 +/- 0.11), and high lactate concentration (6.9 +/- 1.7 mM). Starling curves from both ventricles demonstrated that AMPE significantly reduced ex vivo systolic contractile function in the RV (P = 0.031) and LV (P = 0.008) compared with both the hypotensive control and sham hearts. AMPE did not alter coronary flow or compliance in either ventricle. Soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreased in the RV (P = 0.043) and LV (P = 0.005) tissue. These data support the hypothesis that AMPE produces intrinsic biventricular dysfunction and suggest that arterial hypotension is not the principal mechanism of this dysfunction.
Effects of the Stirred Tank's Design on Power Consumption and Mixing Time in Liquid Phase (2000)

The influence of the stirrer type and of the geometrical parameters of both tank and agitator (clearance of an impeller from tank bottom, impeller diameter, draft tube and geometry of the tank bottom) on power consumption and mixing time in liquid phase under turbulent regime conditions (Re > 104) have been studied. Different types of agitators have been used, namely Rushton turbine, 45° pitched-blade turbine, MIXEL TT and TTP propellers and 1-stage or 2-stage EKATO-INTERMIG propellers. All these stirrers were tested with the same power consumption per unit mass of liquid. On the basis of measured power consumption per unit mass, which is required to achieve the same degree of mixing, the results obtained in the present work show that the TTP propeller is the most efficient in liquid phase. Recommendations on the optimum geometric configuration have been made for each type of stirrer.
Thomson-Like Electron-Hole Recombination in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2001)

The quantum electroluminescence (EL) yield (ϕ EL ) of a single-layer light-emitting diode (LED) based on a mixture of an oligothiophene (T5Ohex), an aromatic diamine (TPD) and bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC), and of a double-layer LED with a (TPD:PC) hole-transporting layer and an 8-hydroxyquinoline (Alq 3 ) electron-transporting layer, was measured as a function of electric field ( F ). The devices exhibit maximum ϕ EL ( F ) at F max around 10 6 V·cm -1 . This behavior can be explained by the carrier motion-controlled Langevin recombination in the low-field region, and the Thomson-like recombination, controlled by the carrier capture, dominating the high-field regime.
A Review of SiC Power Module Packaging: Layout, Material System and Integration (2017)

Silicon-Carbide (SiC) devices with superior performance over traditional silicon power devices have become the prime candidates for future high-performance power electronics energy conversion. Traditional device packaging becomes a limiting factor in fully realizing the benefits offered by SiC power devices, and thus, improved and advanced packaging structures are required to bridge the gap between SiC devices and their applications. This paper provides a review of the state-of-art advanced module packaging technologies for SiC devices with the focuses on module layout, packaging material system, and module integration trend, and links these packaging advancements to their impacts on the SiC device performances. Through this review, the paper discusses main challenges and potential solutions for SiC modules, which is critical for future SiC applications.
Identity is the New Money (2014)

This book argues that identity and money are both changing profoundly. Because of technological change the two trends are converging so that all that we need for transacting will be our identities captured in the unique record of our online social contacts. Social networks and mobile phones are the key technologies. They will enable the building of an identity infrastructure that can enhance both privacy and security – there is no trade-off. The long-term consequences of these changes are impossible to predict, partly because how they take shape will depend on how companies (probably not banks) take advantage of business opportunities to deliver transaction services. But one prediction made here is that cash will soon be redundant – and a good thing too. In its place we will see a proliferation of new digital currencies.
Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in tissue culture fluid and in genital secretions by the spermicide benzalkonium chloride (1990)

We have shown that the spermicidal agent benzalkonium chloride can exert a direct inhibitory effect on the viral reverse transcriptase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) when utilized at concentrations of 0.05% and higher. Exposure of HIV-1 to this disinfectant at concentrations of more than 0.05% was able to completely destroy viral infectivity, as assessed on susceptible target cells. We have further shown that HIV-1, which is present in both seminal and genital secretions, can be inactivated in such fluids by direct exposure to benzalkonium chloride.
Reduce liability by planning ahead, treading carefully when enforcing pandemic‐related expectations (2021)

As you hurried to develop and implement pandemic‐ related expectations during the fast‐paced changes of the past year, your main concerns centered on protecting the health and safety of your campus community. But now's the time to also ensure you're protecting your institution's legal liability when enforcing compliance with those expectations, according to legal experts who presented a virtual session of the Association for Student Conduct Administration's annual conference.
Programmed death-1 blockade enhances the antitumor effects of peptide vaccine-induced peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (2014)

Novel treatment modalities are required urgently in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A vaccine that induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is an ideal strategy for cancer, and glypican-3 (GPC3) is a potential option for HCC. Blocking the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway is a rational strategy to overcome tumor escape and tolerance toward CTLs. In the present study, we investigated whether anti-PD-1 blocking antibodies (αPD-1 Ab) enhanced the number of vaccine-induced peptide-specific CTLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following the administration of GPC3 peptide vaccine to both patients and in a mouse model. The inhibitory receptor PD-1 was highly expressed in ex vivo GPC3-specific CTLs isolated from the PBMCs of vaccinated HCC patients. In vitro, interferon-γ induced PD-L1 expression in liver cancer cell lines. In addition, PD-1 blockade increased the number of GPC3-specific CTLs, which degranulate against liver cancer cell lines. In vivo experiments using tumor-bearing mouse models showed that the combination therapy of peptide vaccine and αPD-1 Ab suppressed tumor growth synergistically. PD-1 blockade increased the number of peptide-specific tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) and decreased the expression of inhibitory receptors on TILs. This study demonstrated that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade augmented the antitumor effects of a peptide vaccine by increasing the immune response of vaccine-induced CTLs, and provided a foundation for the clinical development of a combination therapy using a GPC3 peptide vaccine and αPD-1 Ab.
Facial movement based human user authentication (2014)

Face recognition is a form of biometric authentication that has received significant attention during the last decades. Using the human face as a key to security, face recognition technology can be potentially employed in many commercial and law enforcement applications. Despite of the fact that most of the face recognition techniques have greatly developed since the earliest forms, they suffer from spoofing attack which aims at deceiving the sensor by manipulating a face replica. One of the methods to solve this problem is to utilize facial movements. Facial muscle movements represent facial behavior which makes it unrealistic to be replicated and thus more distinctive. The third dimension of facial data – depth – is also utilized to improve recognition performance and to avoid video-based attack. Apart from security concerns, physiologists and psychologists have discovered the imperative role of facial movements during human face perception. Therefore, a “3D dynamic signature” can be added to augment facial recognition for which relying on static features related to shape and color. In this thesis, a user authentication method based on spatiotemporal facial movements is proposed. Facial movements are obtained by making a facial expression in front of a 3D camera and are encoded by a standard system. By discretizing motion classifications into values, the problem of face recognition can be reinterpreted as matching two time sequences – probe and gallery – for each facial movement category obtained during the enrollment phase and the verification phase. Experiments have been conducted to show the possibility of discriminating subjects based on their facial movements.
Temperature Rise in Underground Impressed Current Anodes (1980)

An analysis of current and power relations in underground impressed current cathodic protection systems supports the conclusion that anode failure may result from high operating temperatures. Formulae are derived for estimating anode temperature in soils of varying electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity.
Adaptive template filtering for signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (1999)

In this paper, a local shape-adaptive template filtering is proposed for the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) without the loss of resolution in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Unlike conventional filtering, where the template shape and coefficients are fixed, multiple templates are defined in the proposed algorithm. An optimal template is selected and optimal filtering, based on the template, is applied on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Using the proposed process, edge blurring is minimized and SNR enhancement is maximized by selecting the optimally matched template. Compared to existing two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive linear least square error (LLSE) filters or direction-adaptive recursive filters, the proposed adaptive template filter provides higher SNR and sharper edges for both MR and artificial resolution phantom images.