gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inaccurate Oxygen Delivery in Some Portable Liquid Oxygen Devices (1988)

After documenting that the measured flow from a portable liquid oxygen device was different from the set flow and that this difference caused hypoxemia in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we compared the measured and set flows from 23 portable devices supplied by 2 different providers. Nine of 13 devices (69%) from Provider A gave measured flows that differed from the set flows at 14 of 65 (21%) settings (13 devices times 5 flow settings). Three of 10 devices (30%) supplied by Provider B gave measured flows that differed from the set flow in only 5 of 50 (10%) possible settings (10 units times 5 flow settings). Oxygen delivery may be inaccurate from portable liquid systems serviced by some suppliers. This problem may cause patients to become hypoxemic despite using the devices in the prescribed fashion.
Anti-swing control of the container crane by fuzzy control (2002)

We introduce a control method of container crane using fuzzy control to transport the load correctly, rapidly, safely, and without swing. First, anti-swing fuzzy control rules are made from skilled operators' experience. Next, traveling acceleration time is calculated with considering the position of obstructions and rope length at the maximum traveling speed. Finally, when trolley decelerates, we adjust the traveling time of constant speed section by refering swing angle and change rate of swing angle at the beginning of deceleration. We also investigate the operation of container crane by using model experimental apparatus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Safety of BXCL701, a small molecule inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases (DPP), with pembrolizumab, (pembro, anti-PD-1) monoclonal antibody, in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2020)

140 Background: BXCL701 (talabostat previously PT100) is an oral small molecule inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases (DPP) specifically DPP4, DPP8 and DPP9, which trigger macrophage cell death via pyroptosis resulting in proinflammatory stimulation of the innate immunity pathway. BXCL701 also inhibits fibroblast activation protein (FAP) releasing the FAP-mediated block of T-cell migration into the tumor. Expression of PD-L1 correlates with amplification of DPP8 and DPP9. In syngeneic animal models, significant tumor responses were observed when BXCL701 was used with checkpoint inhibition. Methods: A phase 1b, multicenter study was undertaken. Eligible patients (pts) had progressing mCRPC (PCWG3), at least 1 line of systemic therapy and ≤ 2 lines of cytotoxic chemotherapy for mCRPC, no prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or other T-cell directed anti-cancer therapy, and an ECOG PS of ≤ 2. Pts received fixed dose pembro (200mg IV q21 days) with escalating doses of BXCL701 (0.4mg and 0.6mg PO QD days 1-14 of 21-day cycles) using a 3 X 3 design. The key endpoints were safety and identification of the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) for the combination. Composite response (RECIST, PSA, CTC) was also assessed. Results: 3 pts were treated at the initial dose level for at least 4 cycles. All pts remain on treatment. No DLT or SAEs were reported. Grade 3 treatment related adverse events (TRAE) were limited to thrombocytopenia with transfusion in 1 pt. The only TRAE reported in more than one pt was hypocalcemia (2 pts). Safety assessment of BXCL701+pembro is ongoing at the final dose escalation cohort. As DPP9 is amplified in approximately 17% of treatment associated small cell/neuroendocrine prostate cancer (tSCNC) compared to 5% or less in the broader prostate cancer population, the Phase 2 portion of this study will be limited to patients with evidence of t-SCNC or de novo SCNC, an aggressive phenotype with poor outcomes. Conclusions: BXCL701 0.4mg QD on days 1 to 14 of 21-day cycle plus pembrolizumab 200 mg IV on day 1 every 21 days is safe in pts with mCRPC. The final dose escalation supporting RP2D will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT03910660.
Suppression of the local graft‐<i>vs</i>.‐host reaction in ratsby treatment with a monoclonal antibody specific for the interleukin 2 receptor (1986)

Local graft-vs.-host reaction (GVHR) was induced in rats by injecting parental cells into young F1 recipients. As a consequence of antigenic stimulation in the course of developing GVHR in the responding lymph nodes, the number of interleukin 2-receptor (IL 2R)-bearing T cells increased from less than 1% up to 10% of the total population. The IL 2R-bearing cells were located mainly in the T cell areas of the reactive lymph nodes. As assessed by the determination of the GVHR indices, treatment of the recipients with anti-T-helper subset-specific mAb (W3/25) or with anti-IL 2R mAb (ART-18) inhibited the GVHR. In parallel, the number of IL 2R-bearing cells was reduced to the normal levels. W3/25 mAb treatment changed the helper/suppressor subset ratio and reduced the number of circulating lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. In contrast, ART-18 mAb treatment did not induce any detectable changes in the subset distribution and it did not affect the number of circulating lymphocytes. The results demonstrate the key role that the IL 2R-positive cells play in the proliferative phase of acute GVHR, and favor the use of anti-IL 2R mAb as selective immunosuppressive agents.
[Protein expressions of HDAC1 and DNMT1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and its clinical significance]. (2014)

The higher protein expressions of HDAC1 and DNMT1 may play an important role in the early process of lung cancer.
The role of cytokines in unstable angina (1998)

A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of unstable angina; this evidence is mainly derived from the prognostic role of the acute phase reaction proteins, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. Since the production of acute phase protein is under the control of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, it is probable that citokines, such as tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 are involved in the same process. Indeed, elevated levels of IL-1 and IL-6 have been found by our group and by others, in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Cytokines may have procoagulant effects, directly or via endothelial dysfunction, and may induce plaque vulnerability or rupture. They may also be responsible for the activation of other cells, as neutrophils or mast-cells. Although it is conceivable that activated lymphocytes, via interferon-gamma production, are responsible for macrophage activation and cytokine production in unstable angina, the trigger and the precise mechanism of this event are still unknown. The multiple roles of cytokines in unstable angina suggest that a targeted anti-inflammatory therapy might be a novel approach in the future for the treatment of this syndrome.
Interactive monitoring, visualization, and configuration of OpenFlow-based SDN (2015)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that arguably facilitates network innovation and simplifies network management. However, in the context of SDN, management activities, such as monitoring, visualization, and configuration can be considerably different from traditional networks. An SDN controller, for example, can be customized by network administrators according to their needs. Such customizations might pose an impact on resource consumption and traffic forwarding performance, which is difficult to assess without an SDN-devoted management system. In this paper, we initially present an analysis of control traffic in SDN aiming to better understand the impact of the communication between the controller and forwarding devices. Afterwards, we propose an interactive approach to SDN management through monitoring, visualization, and configuration that includes the administrator in the management loop. To show the feasibility of our approach a prototype has been developed. The results obtained with this prototype show that our approach can help the administrator to better understand the impact of configuring SDN-related parameters on the overall network performance.
IEEE 1588 applied in the environment of high availability LANs (2007)

High availability applications typically count on the network's ability to reconfigure in case of a failure. Since the precision time protocol (PTP) measures the delay of communication paths, it has to cope with network topology changes. The concept of peer-to-peer transparent clocks (TC), introduced with PTP version 2, facilitates the handling of path switchover by measuring the link delays from each node to its neighbors in advance. The parallel redundancy protocol (PRP) follows a different approach from the well-known reconfiguration protocols. It makes use of two independent Ethernet networks. Frames are replicated by the sending node and transmitted over both networks. Duplicates are discarded by the receiving node. There is no distinction between a working and a backup path. The combination of PTP and PRP is studied in this paper. Different models are presented and evaluated with respect to synchronization switchover and implementation issues. An experimental implementation is outlined. The results show that master clock failure as well as network failures can be handled with very low impact on synchronization quality.
A Dual Role of Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>Receptors in 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Lesions: Implications for the Neuroprotective Potential of A<sub>2A</sub>Antagonists (2003)

Reduction of A2A receptor expression is one of the earliest events occurring in both Huntington's disease (HD) patients and mice overexpressing the N-terminal part of mutated huntingtin. Interestingly, increased activity of A2A receptors has been found in striatal cells prone to degenerate in experimental models of this neurodegenerative disease. However, the role of A2A receptors in the pathogenesis of HD remains obscure. In the present study, using A2A-/- mice and pharmacological compounds in rat, we demonstrate that striatal neurodegeneration induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) is regulated by A2A receptors. Our results show that the striatal outcome induced by 3NP depends on a balance between the deleterious activity of presynaptic A2A receptors and the protective activity of postsynaptic A2A receptors. Moreover, microdialysis data demonstrate that this balance is anatomically determined, because the A2A presynaptic control on striatal glutamate release is absent within the posterior striatum. Therefore, because blockade of A2A receptors has differential effects on striatal cell death in vivo depending on its ability to modulate presynaptic over postsynaptic receptor activity, therapeutic use of A2A antagonists in Huntington's as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases could exhibit undesirable biphasic neuroprotective-neurotoxic effects.
Identification of a DNA element determining synaptic expression of the mouse acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit gene. (1995)

mRNAs for acetylcholine receptor genes are highly concentrated in the endplate region of adult skeletal muscle largely as a result of a transcription restricted to the subneural nuclei. To identify the regulatory elements involved, we employed a DNA injection of a plasmid containing a fragment of the acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit gene promoter (positions -839 to +45) linked to the reporter gene lacZ with a nuclear localization signal. Injection of the wild-type construct into mouse leg muscles yielded preferential expression of the reporter gene in the synaptic region. Analysis of various mutant promoters resulted in the identification of a DNA element (positions -60 to -49), referred to as the N box, that plays a critical role in subneural expression. Disruption of this 12-bp element in the context of a mouse delta-subunit promoter from positions -839 to +45 gives widespread expression of the reporter gene throughout the entire muscle fiber, indicating that this element is a silencer that represses delta-subunit gene transcription in extrajunctional areas. On the other hand, this element inserted upstream of a heterologous basal promoter preferentially enhances expression in the endplate region. This element therefore regulates the restricted expression of the delta-subunit gene both as an enhancer at the endplate level and as a silencer in extrajunctional areas. Furthermore, gel-shift experiments with mouse muscle extracts reveal an activity that specifically binds the 6-bp sequence TTCCGG of this element, suggesting that a transcription factor(s) controls the expression of the delta-subunit gene via this element.
The production of multiringed Laguerre–Gaussian modes by computer-generated holograms (1998)

A computer-generated hologram is used for the production of high-order muultiringed Laguerre-Gaussian modes. These holograms differ front those previously reported in that they have an additional circular discontinuity. The holograms are used in transmission and are designed to convert the fundamental Hermite-Gaussian laser mode into a Laguerre-Gaussian mode with specific azimuthal and radial indices. The optical efficiency exceeds 40% with a radial mode purity of approximately 80%.
Investigation of Waste Coffee Ground as a Potential Raw Material for Biodiesel Production (2013)

In this study, the utilization of waste coffee ground for biodiesel production was investigated. Waste coffee ground sample was collected from TOMOCA PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The oven dried sample was then soxhlet extracted using n-hexane to yield 19.73 %w/w oil. The biodiesel was obtained by a two-step process, i.e. acid catalyzed esterification followed by base catalyzed transesterification using catalysts sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide respectively. The conversion of waste coffee ground oil in to biodiesel, was about 73.4%w/w. Various parameters that are essential for biodiesel quality were evaluated using the American Standard for Testing Material (ASTM D 6751- 09) and all comply with the specification except acid value. The fatty acid composition of the biodiesel was analyzed by Gas chromatography and the major fatty acids were found to be linoleic acid (39.8%), palmitic acid (37.6%), oleic (12.7%), and stearic acid (7.6%). In addition, preliminary investigation on the solid waste remaining after oil extraction was conducted for possible use as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol. Hydrolysis of the spent of waste coffee ground was carried out using dilute sulfuric acid followed by fermentation using Saccharomyces cereviciae, and resulted in bioethanol yield of 8.3 %v/v. Furthermore, the solid waste remaining after bioethanol production was evaluated for compost (21.9:1 C/N) and solid fuel (20.8 MJ/Kg) applications. The results of this research work give insights on the production of biofuel from waste groud coffee. In addition, the preliminary analysis on the solid waste after the extraction of the oil suggests that it can be used as fuel hence alleviating major disposal problems.
Bayesian Methods in Nonlinear Digital Image Restoration (1977)

Prior techniques in digital image restoration have assumed linear relations between the original blurred image intensity, the silver density recorded on film, and the film-grain noise. In this paper a model is used which explicitly includes nonlinear relations between intensity and film density, by use of the D-log E curve. Using Gaussian models for the image and noise statistics, a maximum a posteriori (Bayes) estimate of the restored image is derived. The MAP estimate is nonlinear, and computer implementation of the estimator equations is achieved by a fast algorithm based on direct maximization of the posterior density function. An example of the restoration method implemented on a digital image is shown.
RAILLIETINA ECHINOBOTHRIDA (MEGNIN,1881) (CESTODA: CYCLOPHYLLIDEA) FROM THE HOUSE SPARROW PASSER DOMESTICUS BIBLICUS HARTRET, 1881 COLLECTED IN BAGHDAD CITY, CENTRAL IRAQ (2013)

The widespread house sparrow Passer domesticus biblicus has a close association with humans and  inhabits almost all ecosystems near human settlements in Iraq. It is exposed to different kinds of parasites in its habitats. Examining of house sparrow for the cestode parasites revealed that 25 specimens of 56 were infected with Raillietina echinobothrida. Intensity among infected male and female hosts with this cestode and its description  is provided and discussed. The present finding constitutes the first record for this parasite in house sparrow in Iraq.
유치원 교사의 직무 만족도 및 물리적 근무환경과 조직 헌신성과의 관계 연구 (1998)

본 연구의 목적은 유치원 교사의 직무 만족도 및 물리적 근무환경과 조직 헌신성의 관계를 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이러한 목적을 위해 교사의 직무 만족도, 물리적 근무환경과 조직 헌신성이 직무만족척도(MMSQ), 물리적 근무환경척도(ECWES), 조직헌신성 설문지(OCQ)에 의해 측정되었다. 연구 대상은 서울시내 유치원 교사 231명이었으며 수집된 자료는 선형구조관계분석(LISREL)에 의해 분석되었다. 본 연구결과는 유치원 교사의 직무 만족도 변인과 물리적 근무환경 변인들은 교사의 조직 헌신성에 직접적 효과와 간접적 효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 원장에 대한 만족도가 조직 헌신성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Determination of α-impurities in the β-polymorph of inosine using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (1986)

An X-ray powder diffraction method for the quantitative determination of the α-inosine content of mixtures of the crystalline polymorphic forms of α- and β-inosine is described. Oriented sample discs are prepared by pressing with a cellulose binder and the α-inosine content is calculated from measurements of the 8.25 Å and 7.25 Å X-ray diffraction intensities of α- and β-inosine, respectively. The method has a relative deviation of 7% and a detection limit of 0.4%α-inosine. This represents a 35-fold improvement in sensitivity over conventional infrared spectroscopy and a 14-fold improvement over Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
A modeling technique for the recognition and attitude estimation of 3-D objects (2002)

A novel method for rapid identification and 3-D attitude determination of polyhedral objects is presented. A least set of 2-D projections called the distinct view set is used to represent the 3-D object. For each distinct view, a shape descriptor with multiple levels of abstraction is used, making the method robust when the input image is noisy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimization of cost-based threat response for Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems (2013)

Current Security Information and Event Management systems (SIEMs) constitute the central platform of modern security operating centers. They gather events from various sensors (intrusion detection systems, anti-virus, firewalls, etc.), correlate these events, and deliver synthetic views for threat handling and security reporting. Research in SIEM technologies has traditionally focused on providing a comprehensive interpretation of threats, in particular to evaluate their importance and prioritize responses accordingly. However, in many cases, threat responses still require humans to carry out the analysis and decision tasks e.g., understanding the threats, defining the appropriate countermeasures and deploying them. This is a slow and costly process, requiring a high level of expertise, and remaining error-prone nonetheless. Thus, recent research in SIEM technology has focused on the ability to automate the process of selecting and deploying countermeasures. Several authors have proposed automatic response mechanisms, such as the adaptation of security policies, to overcome the limitations of static or manual response. Although these approaches improve the reaction process (making it faster and/or more efficient), they remain limited since these solutions do not analyze the impact of the countermeasures selected to mitigate the attacks. In this thesis, we propose a novel and systematic process to select the optimal countermeasure from a pool of candidates, by ranking them based on a trade-off between their efficiency in stopping the attack and their ability to preserve, at the same time, the best service to normal users. In addition, we propose a model to represent graphically attacks and countermeasures, so as to determine the volume of each element in a scenario of multiple attacks. The coordinates of each element are derived from a URI. This latter is mainly composed of three axes: user, channel, and resource. We use the CARVER methodology to give an appropriate weight to each element composing the axes in our coordinate system. This approach allows us to connect the volumes with the risks (i.e. big volumes are equivalent to high risk, whereas small volumes are equivalent to low risk). Two concepts are considered while comparing two or more risk volumes: Residual risk, which results when the risk volume is higher than the countermeasure volume; and Collateral damage, which results when the countermeasure volume is higher than the risk volume. As a result, we are able to evaluate countermeasures for single and multiple attack scenarios, making it possible to select the countermeasure or group of countermeasures that provides the highest benefit to the organization
[Experimental studies on reimplantation response after lung transplantation]. (1989)

The reimplantation response after lung transplantation may critically impair the function of transplanted lungs in the early postoperative period. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors which cause this reimplantation response. Using canine left lungs, four groups were studied. Group I underwent complete hilar stripping (n = 6). Group II underwent complete hilar stripping and kept in warm ischemia for 60 min. by clamping left pulmonary artery and veins (n = 6). Group III underwent the same surgery as Group II and administered superoxide dismutase (SOD) (12000 U/kg/h) during reperfusion (n = 7). Group IV underwent autotransplantation of left lung (n = 6). To evaluate the function of left lung, arterial blood gas, pulmonary arterial pressure, aortic pressure, cardiac output and left extravascular lung water (liter EVLW) were measured in a transient contralateral pulmonary arterial occlusion before operation and 60 min. after reventilation and reperfusion. The measurement of EVLW was performed by thermal-green dye double indicator dilution method. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The values of liter EVLW measured in rt. pulmonary arterial occlusion were extremely well correlated with those of both lung EVLW. (r = 0.943 p less than 0.001). 2) The ratios of postoperative-liter EVLW: preoperative-liter EVLW and postoperative-total pulmonary resistance (TPR): preoperative-TPR were as follows: Group I; 1.29 +/- 0.19 and 1.23 +/- 0.36, Group II; 1.85 +/- 0.49 and 1.69 +/- 0.36, Group III; 1.28 +/- 0.17 and 1.50 +/- 0.36 Group IV; 2.28 +/- 0.40 and 1.70 +/- 0.34. These data indicate that the most important factor of reimplantation response at the time of this acute phase is the oxygen free radical-induced reperfusion injury. Hilar stripping, ischemic injury and surgical trauma are also important factors of reimplantation response. Vascular anastomosis is not so important when it is done well technically. 3) Administration of SOD provides protection against lung edema after lung transplantation.
The Mycobacterium bovis 32-kilodalton protein antigen induces human cytotoxic T-cell responses (1994)

The 30-kDa protein (P32) is a mycobacterial secreted antigen which is homologous in Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis. In vitro, P32 induced T-cell proliferation. M. tuberculosis- or P32-stimulated T-cell lines lysed macrophages pulsed with P32 or M. tuberculosis, respectively. We conclude that P32 stimulates cytotoxic T cells specifically.
18.5% Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) Device Using Single-Layer, Chemical-Bath-Deposited ZnS(O,OH) (2004)

The recent development of a chemical-bath-deposited (CBD) ZnS(O,OH) layer that enabled an 18.5%-efficient copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) devices using a single-layer of CBD ZnS(O,OH) is reported in this paper. Such buffer layers could potentially replace CdS in the CIGS solar cell.