gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video advertisement mining for predicting revenue using random forest (2015)

Shaken by the threat of financial crisis in 2008, industries began to work on the topic of predictive analytics to efficiently control inventory levels and minimize revenue risks. In this third-generation age of web-connected data, organizations emphasized the importance of data science and leveraged the data mining techniques for gaining a competitive edge. Consider the features of Web 3.0, where semantic-oriented interaction between humans and computers can offer a tailored service or product to meet consumers' needs by means of learning their preferences. In this study, we concentrate on the area of marketing science to demonstrate the correlation between TV commercial advertisements and sales achievement. Through different data mining and machine-learning methods, this research will come up with one concrete and complete predictive framework to clarify the effects of word of mouth by using open data sources from YouTube. The uniqueness of this predictive model is that we adopt the sentiment analysis as one of our predictors. This research offers a preliminary study on unstructured marketing data for further business use.
First-in-human phase I trial of the combination of two adenoviral vectors expressing HSV1-TK and FLT3L for the treatment of newly diagnosed resectable malignant glioma: Initial results from the therapeutic reprogramming of the brain immune system. (2019)

2019 Background: This is the initial report on a first in human Phase I dose escalation trial of the combination of two adenoviral vectors expressing HSV1-TK or Flt3L for the treatment of newly diagnosed, resectable malignant gliomas. The absence of functional dendritic cells from the brain precludes anti-brain tumor immune responses. We combined tumor cytotoxicity (Ad-HSV1TK) with recruitment of dendritic cells to the brain (Ad-Flt3L) to induce an effective anti-tumor immune response. This strategy induced an efficacious, cytotoxic CD8 and CD4 T-dependent immune response in many animal models of glioma. This immune response also generated anti-tumor memory, and the capacity for neoantigen recognition. Methods: The trial was approved by FDA and all institutional cttees. Treatment was administered intraoperatively following complete glioma resection in newly diagnosed tumors. The trial consisted of vector dose escalation, starting at 1x10^9 i.u., and increasing to 1x10^11 i.u. of each vector. Dose escalation proceeded by increasing the vector dose through a total of 6 combinations administered to 6 cohorts of 3 patients each. Two cycles of 14 days each of valacyclovir were administered to activate HSV1-TK cytotoxicity. Cycle 1 starts on Day 1-3 post surgery for 14 days, and Cycle 2 on Week 8-12. Standard radiation, i.e., 60 Gy in 2 Gy fractions over 6 weeks, with concurrent temozolomide, was followed by cyclic temozolomide. Results: Examination of tumor samples at primary resection and first recurrence show an increase in the infiltration of inflammatory cells. The experimental treatment was well tolerated. At this time the MTD has not been reached. There were approx. 248 AEs, and 26 SAEs; these have not been linked to treatment. At this time the MTD has not been reached. A secondary outcome is overall survival. Preliminary analysis of partial data may suggest that the combined viral vector therapy may provide a clinically significant survival. Conclusions: Our results show for the first time that reprogramming of the host’s brain immune system to recognize gliomas reveals a new approach for the treatment of highly malignant brain tumors. Clinical trial information: NCT01811992.
Preparation of ultrafine nitride particles by applying microwave plasma to gas evaporation technique. (1987)

A new preparation method of high-purity ultrafine nitride particles was demonstrated by applying the low temperature plasma induced by 2.45GHz microwaves to the gas evaporation technique. Ultrafine Al, Fe and Si particles produced by the evaporation of these metals in a low pressure N2 gas condition were nitrided by passing them through the nitrogen plasma region. From the electron diffraction, the following nitride phases were recognized as AlN, γ-Fe (solid solution of nitrogen), γ-Fe4N, ε-FexN (2<x≤3), ζ-Fe2N, α-Si3N4 and β-Si3N4. The formation of these phases depended mainly on three factors: N2 gas pressure, the gas velocity at the plasma region and the microwave power. The preferable conditions of these factors for preparing pure nitride particles were investigated. For example, the particles formed at the condition of 7 Torr in N2 pressure, 1m/sec in gas velocity and 1.2kW in microwave power consisted completely of nitrides of the starting material evaporated. In the cases of Fe-N and Si-N system, a mixture of those nitride phases was formed generally.Particles tended to grow in the plasma region. The particle size of nitrides ranged from 20 to 300nm, which was found to be larger by a factor of 5 to 10 than that of particles collected at the front of the plasma region.
Phosphorus‐Doped Graphite Layers with High Electrocatalytic Activity for the O<sub>2</sub> Reduction in an Alkaline Medium (2011)

Restlos glücklich: Das metallfreie Titelsystem katalysiert die Sauerstoffreduktion mit hoher elektrokatalytischer Aktivität, Langzeitstabilität und großer Toleranz gegenüber Kreuzeffekten mit Methanol. Die Stromdichte an einer Glaskohlenstoff(GC)-Elektrode mit dem P-dotierten Graphitkatalysator (rote Linie) ist viel größer als die an einer nichtmodifizierten (blaue Linie) oder mit einem Platin-Kohlenstoff-Katalysator beschichteten GC-Elektrode (nicht gezeigt). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A SecY Homologue Is Required for the Elaboration of the Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane and for Normal Chloroplast Gene Expression (1998)

Results of in vitro and genetic studies have provided evidence for four pathways by which proteins are targeted to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Although these pathways are initially engaged by distinct substrates and involve some distinct components, an unresolved issue has been whether multiple pathways converge on a common translocation pore in the membrane. A homologue of eubacterial SecY called cpSecY is localized to the thylakoid membrane. Since SecY is a component of a protein-translocating pore in bacteria, cpSecY likely plays an analogous role. To explore the role of cpSecY, we obtained maize mutants with transposon insertions in the corresponding gene. Null cpSecY mutants exhibit a severe loss of thylakoid membrane, differing in this regard from mutants lacking cpSecA. Therefore, cpSecY function is not limited to a translocation step downstream of cpSecA. The phenotype of cpSecY mutants is also much more pleiotropic than that of double mutants in which both the cpSecA- and DeltapH-dependent thylakoid-targeting pathways are disrupted. Therefore, cpSecY function is likely to extend beyond any role it might play in these targeting pathways. CpSecY mutants also exhibit a defect in chloroplast translation, revealing a link between chloroplast membrane biogenesis and chloroplast gene expression.
ENANTIORESOLUTION OF (<i>RS</i>)-BUPROPION BY REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY USING CYANURIC CHLORIDE BASED CHIRAL DERIVATIZING REAGENTS HAVING AMINO ACIDS AS CHIRAL AUXILIARIES (2013)

Enantioseparation of (RS)-Bupropion was achieved as its diastereomers which were prepared with chiral derivatizing reagents (CDRs) synthesized from cyanuric chloride. Five new CDRs were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of Cl atom in 6‐butoxy derivative of cyanuric chloride with amino acids (namely, L‐Leu, L‐Val, L‐Phe, D‐Phg and L‐Ala) as chiral auxiliaries to give monochloro-s-triazine reagents and other five dichloro-s-triazine reagents were prepared by monosubstitution with the above-mentioned amino acids. The diastereomers were synthesized under microwave irradiation and by conventional method. Separation efficiencies of the two sets of CDRs, among themselves and among the two groups, have been compared on the basis of resolution (RS) and difference between the retention times of resolved diastereomers. The method was validated for detection limit, linearity, accuracy and precision.
Rapid comparison of protein structures (1982)

An unusually fast method of superposing two sets of atomic coordinates for related molecular structures by least squares is described. It exploits the special nature of the problem and uses the method of conjugate gradients. The calculation takes about 0.003 s and is fast enough to be used in on-line graphics systems.
Characterization of Complex Porous Structures for Reusable Thermal Protection Systems: Effective-Permeability Measurements (2014)

Reusable thermal protection systems are one of the key technologies that have to be improved to enable long-duration hypersonic flights. Transpiration cooling has been demonstrated to be one of the most promising active cooling techniques in terms of coolant mass requirements and disturbance of the external flow. Previous numerical studies, conducted by the authors on the conjugate boundary-layer/material-response analysis, along with the current manufacturing capability of manipulating the natural properties of porous materials (e.g., porosity, permeability, and thermal conductivity) have demonstrated the cooling potential when variable transpiration is considered. In this work, a methodology for the nonintrusive characterization of the local effective permeability of a complex carbon–carbon porous structure is proposed. The concept of effective permeability, conceived as the local blowing capability of a porous structure with respect to a selected coolant fluid, is also discussed. Specifically, the coolant (air) mass flux blown from a conical porous surface has been measured by a hot-film probe at a distance specified by an appropriate reference elementary area and the Reynolds number based on the channels’ diameter. These measurements have then been related to the pressure gradient across the local material’s thickness by using Darcy’s law. Measurements have revealed a higher effective permeability near the nose of the cone where two longitudinal delaminations have been identified. The asymmetric blowing capability of the cone highlights the importance of characterizing the entire thermal protection system instead of defining the overall properties of the material, which can be drastically different at the full-scale level due to the geometry, the system integration (i.e. structural constraints), and the intrinsic defectology coming from the manufacturing process. Additionally, the mass fluxes measured on the external porous surface will support the numerical aerothermal rebuilding of the wind-tunnel experiment on the transpiration cooling.
Alvimopan: A peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist (2007)

Postoperative ileus (POI), a transient cessation of coordinated bowel motility after surgery, is an important factor in extending the length of hospital stay. The etiology of POI is multifactorial, and related to both the surgical and anesthetic pathways chosen. Additionally, opioids used to manage non-cancer-related and cancer-related chronic pain may also decrease gastrointestinal (GI) motility resulting in opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OBD). Postoperative ileus has been associated with prolonged hospital stay and readmission, and thus may increase the overall hospital costs per patient with POI. Alvimopan, a peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist, accelerated time to GI recovery and reduced postoperative hospital length of stay in phase III POI clinical trials and improved symptoms of OBD compared with placebo in phase II/III clinical trials. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is currently evaluating alvimopan for the management of POI after bowel resection. Alvimopan may provide clinically meaningful benefits to patients and may lower the economic burden of POI to the healthcare system.
A Simple Paper-Based Colorimetric Device for Rapid Mercury(II) Assay (2016)

Contamination of the environment by mercury(II) ions (Hg(2+)) poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. Up to now, many reported Hg(2+) sensors require complex procedures, long measurement times and sophisticated instrumentation. We have developed a simple, rapid, low cost and naked-eye quantitative method for Hg(2+) environmental analysis using a paper-based colorimetric device (PCD). The sample solution to which platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have been added is dispensed to the detection zone on the PCD, where the 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate has been pre-loaded. The PtNPs effect a rapid oxidization of TMB, inducing blue colorization on the PCD. However, Hg(2+) in the solution rapidly interact with the PtNPs, suppressing the oxidation capacity and hence causing a decrease in blue intensity, which can be observed directly by the naked eye. Moreover, Hg(2+) at concentrations as low as 0.01 uM, can be successfully monitored using a fiber optic device, which gives a digital readout proportional to the intensity of the blue color change. This paper-based colorimetric device (PCD) shows great potential for field measurement of Hg(2+).
Lipoteichoic Acid Synthesis and Function in Gram-Positive Bacteria (2014)

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important cell wall polymer found in gram-positive bacteria. Although the exact role of LTA is unknown, mutants display significant growth and physiological defects. Additionally, modification of the LTA backbone structure can provide protection against cationic antimicrobial peptides. This review provides an overview of the different LTA types and their chemical structures and synthesis pathways. The occurrence and mechanisms of LTA modifications with D-alanyl, glycosyl, and phosphocholine residues will be discussed along with their functions. Similarities between the production of type I LTA and osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in gram-negative bacteria are highlighted, indicating that LTA should perhaps be compared to these polymers rather than lipopolysaccharide, as is presently the case. Lastly, current efforts to use LTAs as vaccine candidates, synthesis proteins as novel antimicrobial targets, and LTA mutant strains as improved probiotics are highlighted.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES. LXXXVII. PURINE CYCLONUCLEOSIDES. XLII. SYNTHESIS OF 2′‐DEOXY‐2′‐FLUOROGUANOSINE (1981)

Abstract Auf dem im Formelschema angegebenen Weg wird das fluorhaltige Nucleosid (IX) hergestellt.
Flip-chip planar GaInAs/InP p-i-n photodiodes analysis of frequency response (1996)

High-speed response, high-manufacturing-yield photodiodes will be needed for optical interconnection in computer and for broadband networks. Frequency responses of a new planar GaInAs/lnP p-i-n photodiode for flip-chip bonding are analyzed. To study changes caused by the new structure, responses are related to device parameters including photoabsorption layer thickness, p-i-n junction diameter, and the size of the forward biased p-i-n junction. Forward biasing is a peculiarity of our photodiodes. A photodiode with an optimized design showed good characteristics.
Evolving a multi-agent information filtering solution in Amalthaea (1997)

Amalthaea is an evolving, multiagent ecosystem for personalized filtering, discovery and monitoring of information sites. Amalthaea&apos;s primary application domain is the World-Wide-Web and its main purpose is to assist its users in finding interesting information. Two different categories of agents are introduced in the system: filtering agents that model and monitor the interests of the user and discovery agents that model the information sources. A market-like ecosystem where the agents evolve, compete and collaborate is presented: agents that are useful to the user or other agents reproduce while low-performing agents are destroyed. Results from various experiments with different system configurations and varying ratios of user interests vs agents in the system are presented. Finally issues like fine-tuning the initial parameters of the system and establishing and maintaining equilibria in the ecosystem are discussed.
FlashLinQ: A Synchronous Distributed Scheduler for Peer-to-Peer Ad Hoc Networks (2013)

This paper proposes FlashLinQ-a synchronous peer-to-peer wireless PHY/MAC network architecture. FlashLinQ leverages the fine-grained parallel channel access offered by OFDM and incorporates an analog energy-level-based signaling scheme that enables signal-to-interference ratio (SIR)-based distributed scheduling. This new signaling mechanism, and the concomitant scheduling algorithm, enables efficient channel-aware spatial resource allocation, leading to significant gains over a CSMA/CA system using RTS/CTS. FlashLinQ is a complete system architecture including: 1) timing and frequency synchronization derived from cellular spectrum; 2) peer discovery; 3) link management; and 4) channel-aware distributed power, data rate, and link scheduling. FlashLinQ has been implemented for operation over licensed spectrum on a digital signal processor/field-programmable gate array (DSP/FPGA) platform. In this paper, we present FlashLinQ performance results derived from both measurements and simulations.
Direct Assessment of Corrosion Using Fiber Optic Sensors (2007)

Abstract Crude unit overhead line corrosion is one of the most serious problems in oil refineries. Changes in process, environmental conditions, or feedstock that lead to HCl condensation are the main causes of overhead line corrosion. Although the sites where corrosion occurs are frequently known, they are generally not accessible for routine wall thickness inspections without the use of scaffolding. Furthermore, the high surface temperature often leads to high variability in the measurements with traditional methods. Operators are able to adjust process parameters to minimize condensation or to inject optimum amounts of neutralizers or filming amines if accurate wall loss measurements and temperature profile data are available. Permanently installed, non-intrusive corrosion and process monitoring tools, based on a fiber-optic sensor system, make such data available from a convenient, remote location. Refinery operators benefit by having fiber optic sensors installed during operation and by having ready access to information that increases safety and allows more efficient planning of turnarounds.
Ultra-high sensitivity of super carbon-nanotube-based mass and strain sensors (2008)

Based on the molecular structure mechanics method, the dynamic properties of super carbon nanotubes (STs), together with ST-based mass and strain sensors, are investigated. The following results are obtained: (a) the fundamental frequency of the STs is found to be lower than that of the single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT); (b) the STs may be a potential ultra-high sensitivity mass sensor with a sensitivity about 10(-24) g, which is much higher than that of SWCNT-based mass sensors (10(-21) g); (c) the ST-based strain sensor has a sensitivity as high as 887 Hz/nanostrain, which is also higher than that of SWCNT-based strain sensors. The obtained results suggest that the STs could be used to design the new generation of sensors due to its high sensitivity and ultra-low density.
Post-2013 EU Common Agricultural Policy: predictive models of land use change (2013)

This article presents a multi-temporal uncertainty-based method that incorporates a statistical regression model with a view to establishing the risk (probability) of land cover changes as a function of a set of environmental and socio-economic driving factors. The morphologic, climatic and socio-economic variables were examined using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model and the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Following the analysis, maps indicating the suitability to future changes were generated on the basis of observed transitions. From these maps two possible land use scenarios were built, applying the Markov chain principle. The region of Basilicata, in southern Italy, was selected for the analysis. The results highlight: a) a good inclination to change towards specialised crop systems, provided there is sufficient water supply; b) that some cropping patterns are not suitable for changes, partly because they are found in a context with severe limitations for alternative uses.
Simulation of ethane steam cracking with severity evaluation (2016)

Understanding the influence of operating parameters towards cracking severity is paramount in ensuring optimum operation of an ethylene plant. However, changing the parameters in an actual plant for data collection can be dangerous. Thus, a simulation model for ethane steam cracking furnace is developed using ASPEN Plus for the assessment. The process performance is evaluated with cracking severity factors and main product yields. Three severity factors are used for evaluation due to their ease of measurement, which are methane yield (Ymet), Ethylene-Ethane Ratio (EER) and Propylene-Ethylene Ratio (PER). The result shows that cracking severity is primarily influenced by reactor temperature. Operating the furnace with coil outlet temperature ranging between 850°C to 950°C and steam-to-hydrocarbon ratio of 0.3 to 0.5 has led to optimum main product yield.
Deep-inspiration breath-hold PET/CT of the thorax. (2007)

The practice of DIBH PET/CT is feasible in a clinical setting. With this technique, consistent lung inflation levels are achieved during PET/CT sessions, as judged by both motion tracker and verification of spatial matching between PET and CT images. Breathing-induced motion artifacts are significantly reduced using DIBH compared with free breathing, enabling better target localization and quantitation. The DIBH technique showed an increase in the median SUV by 32.46%, with a range from 4% to 83%, compared with SUVs measured on the clinical images. The median percentage reduction in the PET-to-CT lesions' centroids was 26.6% (range, 3%-50%).
Conformation and dynamics of a left-handed Z-DNA hairpin: studies of d(CGCGCGTTTTCGCGCG) in solution (1989)

The physical properties of the DNA oligomer d(CGCGCGTTTTCGCGCG) in solvents containing 4 M NaClO4 and 0.1 M NaCl were investigated by proton NMR, optical melting, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Results of these investigations are as follows: (i) The DNA hexadecamer exists as a unimolecular hairpin in either high or low salt. (ii) In high salt the stem region of the hairpin is in the left-handed Z conformation. (iii) In either high or low salt, the duplex stem of the hairpin is stabilized against melting by approximately 40 degrees C compared to the linear core duplex. The added stability of the hairpin is entropic in origin. (iv) In high salt, as the temperature is elevated, the equilibrium structure of the duplex stem of the hairpin shifts from the Z to the B conformation before melting. (v) In low salt, when the DNA duplex exists in the B conformation, attachment of a T4 single-strand loop to one end only slightly decreases (by 14%) the correlation time of the CH5-CH6 interproton vector. In high salt, when the DNA duplex exists in the Z conformation, the correlation time of the CH5-CH6 interproton vector decreases by 51%. Since these viscosity-corrected correlation times are taken to be indicators of duplex motions on the nanosecond time scale, this result directly suggests a larger amplitude of these motions is present in the duplex stem of the hairpin when it exists in the Z conformation.