gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Timing Model Extraction and Hierarchical Statistical Timing Analysis (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the challenges of applying statistical static timing analysis in hierarchical design flow, where modules supplied by IP vendors are used to hide design details for IP protection and to reduce the complexity of design and verification. For the three basic circuit types, combinational, flip-flop-based, and latch-controlled, we propose methods for extracting timing models that contain interfacing and compressed internal constraints. Using these compact timing models, the runtime of full-chip timing analysis can be reduced, while circuit details from IP vendors are not exposed. We also propose a method for reconstructing correlation between modules during full-chip timing analysis. This correlation cannot be incorporated into timing models because it depends on the layout of the corresponding modules in the chip. In addition, we investigate how to apply the extracted timing models with the reconstructed correlation to evaluate the performance of the complete design. Experiments demonstrate that using the extracted timing models and reconstructed correlation full-chip timing analysis can be several times faster than applying the flattened circuit directly, while the accuracy of statistical timing analysis is still well maintained.
Engineering space for light via transformation optics (2008)

Conceptual studies and numerical simulations are performed for imaging devices that transform a near-field pattern into magnified far-zone images and are based on high-order spatial transformation in cylindrical domains. A lens translating a near-field pattern from an almost circular input boundary onto a magnified far-field image at a flat output boundary is considered. The lens is made of a metamaterial with anisotropic permittivity and permeability both depending on a single “scaling ” parameter of the transformation. Open designs of the lens with a truncated body ( 3 1 4-body and 4-body lenses) are suggested and analyzed. It is shown that the ideal full lens and the 3 1 4-body lens produce identical images. Numerical simulations of 4-body designs indicate that further truncation of the lens could limit its performance. A light concentrator “focusing” far-zone fields into a nanometer-scale area is also considered. © 2007 Optical Society of America
Transport of Nanoparticles in Gases: Overview and Recent Advances (2007)

Nanoparticles play a major role in industrial processes and natural phenomena in a variety of fields including chemical engineering, chemistry, physics, public health and biology. Nanoparticles are suspended in fluids during production, handling, processing, and by unintentional and/or undesirable release to the environment. In many cases the suspending fluid is a gas, as for example in large scale production, air pollution, clean room applications and many more. The small size of nanoparticles makes it possible to compare their transport properties to the fluid itself. Brownian particle diffusion is one of the most important mechanisms leading to significant transport rates. Diffusion is well known in mass transfer, however, differences arise because of the wide spectrum of nanoparticle sizes and their morphology (aggregate structure) - a concept understood in particle science and technology but needed in many diverse fields of nanoparticle applications. Nanoparticle transport can be controlled by external force fields because these forces may act exclusively on the nanoparticles and have negligible effects on fluid molecules. These include thermophoresis and forces in electrical fields.
The messy reality of organised crime research (2010)

The analysis starts out by confronting and exposing the ideological motivations for dualism in conventional organised crime research. In order to suggest a cognitive pathway beyond this restrictive normative frame, it is essential to appreciate its potency and resilience. Law enforcement language buoyed up by popular culture representations of gangs, syndicates and crime bosses have become the accepted starting point for much research in the field. Research from this perspective, we suggest, plays its own part in organised crime mystification and as such retards the critical utility of enterprise theory. Next the paper shows how distracted and distorted theorising infects research methodology and its conclusions. We advance an alternative relationship between theorising and method so that resultant analysis approach crime business as it is, and not as law enforcement perspectives want us to believe it to be. The paper concludes by propounding an integrated theoretical perspective without the distraction of duality. Based on our field experience, we formulate and introduce the two-napkins methodology which is a dynamic, interactive and multi-dimensional framework for understanding criminal enterprise.
Fundamental Aspects of Bulk Metallic Glass Formation in Multicomponent Alloys (1996)

During the past several years, a number of multicomponent alloy families have been investigated in which the liquid alloys form metallic glass at cooling rates below 1000 K/s and as low as 1 K/s or less. These ``bulk`` metallic glass forming alloys have been cast from the melt into glass samples with the smallest dimension ranging from millimeters to centimeters. The undercooled liquid alloys show remarkable resistance to crystallization permitting studies of thermal and physical properties, the glass transition, and crystallization behavior of the melt over previously inaccessible temperatures in the deeply undercooled region. One group of these alloys, which includes the Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be and Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu systems, has been extensively investigated in our laboratory. Results of atomic diffusion and viscosity measurements, crystallization behavior and TTT-diagrams, and studies of liquid phase separation in the deeply undercooled liquid have been carried out and will be discussed. Engineering properties and potential applications of these bulk glasses will be briefly mentioned. (orig.)
Improved low temperature characteristics of P-channel MOSFETs with Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ raised source and drain (2001)

P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ raised source and drain (RSD) have been fabricated and further studied for low temperature applications. The Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ RSD layer was selectively grown by ANELVA SRE-612 ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHVCVD) system. Compared to devices with conventional Si RSD, improved transconductance and specific contact resistance were obtained, and these improvements become even more dramatic with reducing channel length. Well-behaved short channel characteristics with reduced drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and off-state leakage current are demonstrated on devices with 100 nm Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ RSD, due to the resultant shallow junction and less implantation damage. Moreover, temperature measurements reveal that Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ RSD devices show more dramatic improvement in device performance at low temperature (-50 /spl deg/C) operation, which can be ascribed to the higher temperature sensitivity of the Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ sheet resistance.
Plexins Are GTPase-Activating Proteins for Rap and Are Activated by Induced Dimerization (2012)

Plexins are cell surface receptors that bind to semaphorins and transduce signals that regulate neuronal development, immune responses, and other processes. Signaling through plexins has been proposed to rely on specific guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-activating protein (GAP) activity for R-Ras and M-Ras. Activation of this GAP activity of plexins appears to require simultaneous binding of semaphorin to the plexin extracellular domain and of the Rho GTPases Rac1 or Rnd1 to the cytoplasmic region. However, GAP activity of plexins has eluded detection in several recent studies. We show that the purified cytoplasmic region of plexin uses a noncanonical catalytic mechanism to act as a GAP for Rap, but not for R-Ras or M-Ras. The RapGAP activity of plexins was autoinhibited and was activated by induced dimerization. Biochemical and crystallographic analyses demonstrated that binding of Rho GTPases did not directly contribute to activation of plexin RapGAP activity. Semaphorin stimulated the RapGAP activity of full-length plexin in cells, which was required for plexin-mediated neuronal growth cone collapse. Together, these findings define a pathway for plexin signaling and provide insights into the mechanism for semaphorin-induced activation of plexins.
Closed-form inverse kinematics solver for reconfigurable robots (2002)

A closed-form inverse kinematics solver for non-redundant reconfigurable robots is developed based on the product-of-exponentials (POE) formula. Its novelty lies in the use of POE reduction techniques and subproblems to obtain inverse kinematics solutions of a large number of possible configurations in a systematic and convenient way. Three reduction techniques are introduced to simplify the POE equations. Eleven types of subproblems containing geometric solutions of those simplified equations are identified and solved. Based on the sequence and types of robot joints, the solved sub-problems can be re-used for inverse kinematics of different robot configurations. This solver can cope with closed-form inverse kinematics of all robots with DOFs of 4 or less, 90 percent of the 5-DOF robots and 50 percent of the 6-DOF robots, as well as frequently used industrial robots with both prismatic and revolute joints. The solver is implemented as a C++ software package and is demonstrated through an example.
Improving Drug Dosing in Hospitalized Patients: Automated Modeling of Pharmacokinetics for Individualization of Drug Dosage Regimens (1988)

Many clinically useful drugs have a narrow range of blood concentrations which are both safe and efficacious. Inter-individual and intra-individual variation in drug disposition are important factors causing blood concentrations of drug to fall outside of the therapeutic range. Modeling of the pharmacokinetics of the individual offers an effective approach to this problem. Previous approaches for the modeling of individual pharmacokinetics have required either extensive computations or access to computer software and hardware in the clinical environment, and special expertise to interpret the results. As part of the MENTOR therapeutic monitoring system, we have developed software which can, in an automated fashion, monitor drug dosing and recommend changes which may be needed to obtain blood concentrations in the therapeutic range. The software can also detect changes in drug disposition in particular patients which will lead to concentrations outside of the therapeutic range, identify potentially erroneous drug concentration measurements, and assess the need for further measurements. The recommendations of the program are delivered to physicians in a timely fashion through issuance of MENTOR advisories. A prototype version of this program has been implemented for aminoglycoside antibiotics. Expansion to other drugs is planned.
Evaluation of Support Vector Machine Kernels for Detecting Network Anomalies (2018)

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is used to exchange routing information across the Internet. BGP anomalies severely affect network performance and, hence, algorithms for anomaly detection are important for improving BGP convergence. Efficient and effective anomaly detection mechanisms rely on employing machine learning techniques. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a widely used machine learning algorithm. In this paper, we evaluate performance of SVM with linear, quadratic, and cubic kernels. The SVM kernels are compared based on accuracy and the F-Score when detecting BGP anomalies in Internet traffic traces. The performance heavily depends on the selected features and their combinations.
Spectromicroscopic insights for rational design of redox-based memristive devices (2015)

The demand for highly scalable, low-power devices for data storage and logic operations is strongly stimulating research into resistive switching as a novel concept for future non-volatile memory devices. To meet technological requirements, it is imperative to have a set of material design rules based on fundamental material physics, but deriving such rules is proving challenging. Here, we elucidate both switching mechanism and failure mechanism in the valence-change model material SrTiO3, and on this basis we derive a design rule for failure-resistant devices. Spectromicroscopy reveals that the resistance change during device operation and failure is indeed caused by nanoscale oxygen migration resulting in localized valence changes between Ti(4+) and Ti(3+). While fast reoxidation typically results in retention failure in SrTiO3, local phase separation within the switching filament stabilizes the retention. Mimicking this phase separation by intentionally introducing retention-stabilization layers with slow oxygen transport improves retention times considerably.
Software Defined Radio as a solution to testing RF avionics (2014)

Pulsed radar is an important technology used in both commercial and military aircraft. Learn how Software Defined Instrumentation utilizing Graphical Software Design and COTS PXI RF instrumentation can be configured to simulate and test different types of pulsed radar. This paper will cover fundamentals of pulse generation and analysis as well as advanced techniques such as the simulation of secondary radars that require real time interrogation handling and response generation. Illustrating this will be a case study on TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation) beacon emulation. The TACAN beacon is implemented on generic COTS PXI RF hardware. The functionality is defined in FPGA software. The hardware is reusable by loading and executing application specific FPGA software. TACAN has been around since the late 1950s. It is a military standard that combines distance measuring with direction finding, typically for aircraft to ground station navigation. The TACAN signal is defined in MIL-STD-291C and is ~1GHz. The system is designed to utilize a PXI chassis with an RF downconverter, RF upconverter, and an IF transceiver with an onboard FPGA to receive/analyze a TACAN interrogation and generate a TACAN reply signal. There are two major software tasks for the FPGA identified as follows: TACAN interrogation signal reception with parametric analysis and TACAN ground station composite signal transmission. The receiver will perform a minimal amount of parametric testing on the received pulse pair to create a trigger for the transmission of a response signal. The transmitter is responsible for the response pulse generation that adds a delay to simulate the selected distance in nautical miles and phase relationships to simulate the selected bearing in degrees. Components of the response pulse generation include 15Hz and 135Hz sine wave generation, Morse code identification, and randomly distributed pulses known as squitter to achieve relatively uniform average power. The FPGA is programmed with visual programming language LabVIEW FPGA from National Instruments.
<i>ABL1</i> fusion genes in hematological malignancies: a review (2011)

Chromosomal rearrangements involving the ABL1 gene, leading to a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, have been mainly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). At present, six other genes have been shown to fuse to ABL1. The kinase domain of ABL1 is retained in all chimeric proteins that are also composed of the N-terminal part of the partner protein that often includes a coiled-coil or a helix-loop-helix domain. These latter domains allow oligomerization of the protein that is required for tyrosine kinase activation, cytoskeletal localization, and neoplastic transformation. Fusion genes that have a break in intron 1 or 2 (BCR-ABL1, ETV6-ABL1, ZMIZ1-ABL1, EML1-ABL1, and NUP214-ABL1) have transforming activity, although NUP214-ABL1 requires amplification to be efficient. The NUP214-ABL1 gene is the second most prevalent fusion gene involving ABL1 in malignant hemopathies, with a frequency of 5% in T-cell ALL. Both fusion genes (SFPQ-ABL1 and RCSD1-ABL1) characterized by a break in intron 4 of ABL1 are associated with B-cell ALL, as the chimeric proteins lacked the SH2 domain of ABL1. Screening for ABL1 chimeric genes could be performed in patients with ALL, more particularly in those with T-cell ALL because ABL1 modulates T-cell development and plays a role in cytoskeletal remodeling processes in T cells.
Gestures Over Video Streams to Support Remote Collaboration on Physical Tasks (2004)

This article considers tools to support remote gesture in video systems being used to complete collaborative physical tasks-tasks in which two or more individuals work together manipulating three-dimensional objects in the real world. We first discuss the process of conversational grounding during collaborative physical tasks, particularly the role of two types of gestures in the grounding process: pointing gestures, which are used to refer to task objects and locations, and rep-
Limit order placement across multiple exchanges (2012)

The US equity exchange market is organized as a National Market System, enforcing price priority across exchanges, but otherwise allowing competition for order flow among exchanges. This flexibility has naturally evolved to a market where exchanges have varying quality and cost of execution. To meet the obligation for best execution, a broker must employ a strategy for selecting the exchange to which limit orders are placed. We consider a market consisting of exchanges with different pricing and priority schemes, and derive a theoretical model to estimate the delay until execution of limit orders. We estimate model parameters from quote and trade data of stocks in the Russell 1000 index, and use them to evaluate expected delay per exchange. We show that inverted cost exchanges and price-size priority exchanges offer improved performance over short time intervals, while traditional and price-time priority exchanges offer improved performance over longer time intervals. We observe that while exchanges with large market share may have high market order liquidity, they may in fact have low limit order liquidity. Low limit order liquidity in turn leads to low execution quality of algorithmic orders. For time-sensitive algorithmic orders, we show a trade-off between execution quality and cost, and show exchanges on an efficient frontier for each stock that achieves good trade-off performance given current exchange pricing.
Development of frequency synthesizer based on DDS+PLL (2011)

Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and Direct Digital Frequency synthesis are used widely in the modern frequency synthesis technology. They have their merits and disadvantages respectively. It is feasible to combine the two methods to perform their merits and overcome their disadvantages. The mode of DDS driving PLL is presented to design the frequency synthesizer. The focus of this paper is the hardware implementation, including system elements, key unit circuit design, and phase noise performance of this system is analyzed. Finally, experimental results, which satisfy the design requirements, are introduced.
Culturing Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria and Mammalian Cells with a Microfluidic Differential Oxygenator (2009)

In this manuscript, we report on the culture of anaerobic and aerobic species within a disposable multilayer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device with an integrated differential oxygenator. A gas-filled microchannel network functioning as an oxygen-nitrogen mixer generates differential oxygen concentration. By controlling the relative flow rate of the oxygen and nitrogen input gases, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in proximal microchannels filled with culture media are precisely regulated by molecular diffusion. Sensors consisting of an oxygen-sensitive dye embedded in the fluid channels permit dynamic fluorescence-based monitoring of the DO concentration using low-cost light-emitting diodes. To demonstrate the general utility of the platform for both aerobic and anaerobic culture, three bacteria with differential oxygen requirements (E. coli, A. viscosus, and F. nucleatum), as well as a model mammalian cell line (murine embryonic fibroblast cells (3T3)), were cultured. Growth characteristics of the selected species were analyzed as a function of eight discrete DO concentrations, ranging from 0 ppm (anaerobic) to 42 ppm (fully saturated).
Interpersonal trauma and suicide across cultures: mental health, feminism and multiculturalism (2005)

The author overviews the association between interpersonal violence, mental health, suicide, risk factors and cultural diversity. She is involved in developing a learning resource to enhance 'cultural competence' in assessing risk for suicide in the context of interpersonal trauma. (non-author abstract)
Current perspectives on invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease (2017)

The mobilization of surveillance networks, especially in Asia and Latin America, may provide missing data regarding the invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease burden and their corresponding antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Efforts and resources should be directed toward invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease vaccine development.
IP<sub>3</sub> receptor/Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel: from discovery to new signaling concepts (2007)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) is a second messenger that induces the release of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The IP(3) receptor (IP(3)R) was discovered as a developmentally regulated glyco-phosphoprotein, P400, that was missing in strains of mutant mice. IP(3)R can allosterically and dynamically change its form in a reversible manner. The crystal structures of the IP(3)-binding core and N-terminal suppressor sequence of IP(3)R have been identified. An IP(3) indicator (known as IP(3)R-based IP(3) sensor) was developed from the IP(3)-binding core. The IP(3)-binding core's affinity to IP(3) is very similar among the three isoforms of IP(3)R; instead, the N-terminal IP(3) binding suppressor region is responsible for isoform-specific IP(3)-binding affinity tuning. Various pathways for the trafficking of IP(3)R have been identified; for example, the ER forms a meshwork upon which IP(3)R moves by lateral diffusion, and vesicular ER subcompartments containing IP(3)R move rapidly along microtubles using a kinesin motor. Furthermore, IP(3)R mRNA within mRNA granules also moves along microtubules. IP(3)Rs are involved in exocrine secretion. ERp44 works as a redox sensor in the ER and regulates IP(3)R1 activity. IP(3) has been found to release Ca(2+), but it also releases IRBIT (IP(3)R-binding protein released with IP(3)). IRBIT is a pseudo-ligand for IP(3) that regulates the frequency and amplitude of Ca(2+) oscillations through IP(3)R. IRBIT binds to pancreas-type Na, bicarbonate co-transporter 1, which is important for acid-base balance. The presence of many kinds of binding partners, like homer, protein 4.1N, huntingtin-associated protein-1A, protein phosphatases (PPI and PP2A), RACK1, ankyrin, chromogranin, carbonic anhydrase-related protein, IRBIT, Na,K-ATPase, and ERp44, suggest that IP(3)Rs form a macro signal complex and function as a center for signaling cascades. The structure of IP(3)R1, as revealed by cryoelectron microscopy, fits closely with these molecules.
Integrity of Micro-Hotplates During High-Temperature Operation Monitored by Digital Holographic Microscopy (2010)

An investigation on the integrity of micro-hotplates using in situ digital holographic microscopy is reported. The surface topography and surface evolution of the devices during high-temperature operation (heating/cooling cycles) is measured with nanometer-scale resolution. A localized permanent out-of-plane surface deformation of 40% of the membrane thickness caused by the top measurement electrodes occurring after the first cycle is observed. The integrity-related issues caused by such a permanent deformation are discussed.