gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nozzle/Diffuser For Test Section Of Wind Tunnel (1992)

Nozzle-diffuser improves distribution of flow in test section and increases recovery of pressure in first diffuser. Has rectangular or circular cross section like contraction duct just upstream of test section and is, in effect, extension of contraction duct. Because flow returning to fan at higher pressure, less fan power needed to maintain same rate of flow.
Microwave Ablation Using a Spiral Antenna Design in a Porcine Thigh Muscle Preparation: In Vivo Assessment of Temperature Profile and Lesion Geometry (2000)

Power is an important determinant of lesion size using a spiral microwave antenna. A novel, spiral microwave antenna design can create lesions of significant depth that may be applicable for the ablative therapy of ventricular tachycardia.
Enhanced clearance of leukemic lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with etodolac (2002)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a neoplastic disease characterized by the accumulation of small mature-appearing lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues.[1][1] Current therapy has not been shown to prolong survival.[2][2] 

Etodolac is a racemic mixture of R-(-) and S-(+)-1
Scalable depth maps with R-D optimized embedding (2012)

Recent work has highlighted the importance of incorporating geometry information into the compression of depth maps. In prior approaches however the geometry information is not resolution scalable nor amenable to embedded coding. In this paper we propose a novel compression strategy for depth maps that incorporates geometry information while achieving the goals of scalability and embedded representation. Our scheme involves two separate image pyramid structures, one for breakpoints and other for sub-band samples produced by a breakpoint-adaptive transform. Breakpoints capture geometric attributes and are amenable to scalable coding. We develop an R-D optimization framework for the breakpoint data. We also use a variation of the EBCOT scheme to produce embedded bit-streams for both the breakpoint and sub-band data, allowing them to be independently and incrementally sequenced based on R-D considerations.
Designing a perfect cornea: computational aspects (2002)

We analyze an algorithm for the design of a perfect cornea that exactly focuses a preselected object or a preselected wave front on the retina. The algorithm can be used, for example, in refractive surgery. We consider the sensitivity of the algorithm to various errors, including errors in the measurements of the aberrations, the original corneal topography and the ablation process.
Path oracles for spatial networks (2009)

The advent of location-based services has led to an increased demand for performing operations on spatial networks in real time. The challenge lies in being able to cast operations on spatial networks in terms of relational operators so that they can be performed in the context of a database. A linear-sized construct termed a path oracle is introduced that compactly encodes the n 2 shortest paths between every pair of vertices in a spatial network having n vertices thereby reducing each of the paths to a single tuple in a relational database and enables finding shortest paths by repeated application of a single SQL SELECT operator. The construction of the path oracle is based on the observed coherence between the spatial positions of both source and destination vertices and the shortest paths between them which facilitates the aggregation of source and destination vertices into groups that share common vertices or edges on the shortest paths between them. With the aid of the Well-Separated Pair (WSP) technique, which has been applied to spatial networks using the network distance measure, a path oracle is proposed that takes O ( s d n ) space, where s is empirically estimated to be around 12 for road networks, but that can retrieve an intermediate link in a shortest path in O (log n ) time using a B-tree. An additional construct termed the path-distance oracle of size O ( n · max( s d , 1/ε d )) (empirically ( n · max(12 2 , 2.5/ε 2 ))) is proposed that can retrieve an intermediate vertex as well as an ε-approximation of the network distances in O (log n ) time using a B-tree. Experimental results indicate that the proposed oracles are linear in n which means that they are scalable and can enable complicated query processing scenarios on massive spatial network datasets.
Application of Local Approach to Hydrogen Embrittlement Fracture Evaluation of High Strength Steels (2007)

A new method for evaluating the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of ultra high strength steel was studied in order to propose a new method for assessing the delayed fracture property. The material used was 1400MPa tempered martensitic steel with the chemical composition 0.40C-0.24Si-0.81Mn-1.03Cr-0.16Mo(mass%). The local approach originally used for evaluating the brittle fracture property was applied to HE susceptibility assessment after modifying the method to include the effect of hydrogen content. Critical HE data used in the modified local approach was obtained by a stepwise test in which alternating processes of stress increase and stress holding were repeated until the specimen fractured. The specimen used in the stepwise test was 10 mm in diameter and the stress concentration factor was 4.9. Assessment of HE susceptibility for specimens with other dimensions entailed the use of a critical hydrogen content for failure, Hc, representing the maximum hydrogen content among the unfractured specimens in the HE test with constant loading. Matters to be noted for obtaining the material parameters are discussed.
Design and synthesis of new ruthenium-based catalysts for improved activity in challenging Z-selective metathesis reactions (2013)

Our group has recently reported a series of ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts that\ncontain a chelating NHC. These catalysts demonstrate high Z-selectivity in a variety of\nmetathesis reactions including cross metathesis, ring-closing metathesis and ring-opening\nmetathesis polymn. However, the substrate scope has so far been limited to relatively\nunhindered olefins. In order to probe the origin of this selectivity, a series of catalysts\nwith N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) substituents of varying steric bulk were prepd. These\ncatalysts were subsequently examd. for improved reactivity in a range of olefins that\ncontain bulky substituents. In addn., the mechanism of the C-H-activation step in the\nsynthesis of such catalysts was probed through variation of the sterics and electronics of\nboth the adamantyl and aryl NHC substituents.
Synthesis and Properties of Photochromic Fluorescing 2-Indolyl Fulgide and Fulgimide Copolymers (2002)

We have designed and synthesized new, novel photochromic copolymers composed of photochromic 2-indolyl fulgides or fulgimides and methyl methacrylate. The spectroscopic and photochromic properties of these copolymers have been determined and compared to their liquid solution analogues. The utilization and advantages of these materials for use in optical switching and optical storage devices are discussed.
Electronic-photonic integration for government applications (2017)

We provide an overview of electronic-photonic integration techniques and describe our recent work to develop monolithic and hybrid photonic components and integrated circuits (PICS) realized in several material platforms (silicon, silicon nitride, compound semiconductors) for a variety of government applications.
Improved pos tagging for text-to-speech synthesis (2011)

One of the fundamental building blocks of text processing for text to-speech (TTS) synthesis is the assignment of a part-of-speech (POS) tag to each input word. POS tags are heavily relied upon for downstream natural language analysis and prosody rendering. Conventional TTS POS tagging tends to resort to detailed hand crafted rules that can accommodate TTS specificities such as pertinent prosodic features, while mainstream tagging increasingly relies on data-driven statistical models trained on large but fairly generic corpora. This paper proposes a new strategy, hybrid POS tagging, which integrates these two approaches in order to achieve higher tagging accuracy. The resulting framework combines the TTS-specific advantage of rule-based tagging with the inherent robustness of broadly-trained statistical tagging. Empirical evidence underscores the viability of this framework for improving TTS quality, e.g., in regard to phrase boundary placement and homograph selection.
A new synthesis of 3‐amino‐1‐aryl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones (1983)

Abstract Reaction of ethyl 3‐nitropropionate with aryldiazonium chlorides in basic medium yields ethyl 3‐nitro‐3‐(arylhydrazono)propionates. These α‐nitrohydrazones are converted by catalytic hydrogenation to 3‐amino‐1‐aryl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones, probably via cyclization of intermediate amidrazones produced in situ . This appears to be the first route to the title compounds that does not use a substituted phenyl hydrazine intermediate and offers advantages in the preparation of pyrazolinones bearing electron‐rich aryl rings.
Purification and Characterization of Chitin Deacetylase from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (1995)

Chitin deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.41), the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetamido groups of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in chitin, has been purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and further characterized. The enzyme is a glycoprotein, and its apparent molecular mass was determined to be approximately 150 kDa. The glycosylation pattern of the enzyme is consistent with a mixture of N-linked glycans including oligomannosidic hybrid and/or complex type, and its carbohydrate content is approximately 67% by weight. Chitin deacetylase is active on several chitinous substrates and chitin derivatives, is not considerably inhibited by carboxylic acids, especially acetic acid, and exhibits a remarkable thermostability. The enzyme requires at least two N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues (chitobiose) for catalysis. When glycol chitin (a water-soluble chitin derivative) was used as substrate, the optimum temperature for enzyme activity was determined to be 50 degrees C, and the optimum pH was approximately 8.5.
<title>Optimal nonimaging integrated evacuated solar collector</title> (1993)

A non imaging integrated evacuated solar collector for solar thermal energy collection is discussed which has the lower portion of the tubular glass vacuum enveloped shaped and inside surface mirrored to optimally concentrate sunlight onto an absorber tube in the vacuum. This design uses vacuum to eliminate heat loss from the absorber surface by conduction and convection of air, soda lime glass for the vacuum envelope material to lower cost, optimal non imaging concentration integrated with the glass vacuum envelope to lower cost and improve solar energy collection, and a selective absorber for the absorbing surface which has high absorptance and low emittance to lower heat loss by radiation and improve energy collection efficiency. This leads to a very low heat loss collector with high optical collection efficiency, which can operate at temperatures up to the order of 250 degree(s)C with good efficiency while being lower in cost than current evacuated solar collectors. Cost estimates are presented which indicate a cost for this solar collector system which can be competitive with the cost of fossil fuel heat energy sources when the collector system is produced in sufficient volume. Non imaging concentration, which reduces cost while improving performance, and which allows efficient solar energy collection without tracking the sun, is a key element in this solar collector design.
Potent Triazole Bisphosphonate Inhibitor of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase (2015)

Studies of triazole bisphosphonates have resulted in identification of a potent inhibitor of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (IC50 = 45 nM) with very good selectivity for this enzyme over farnesyl diphosphate synthase (IC50 = 28 μM). This compound also potently disrupts geranylgeranylation and induces cytotoxicity in human myeloma cells at submicromolar levels, suggesting that it may serve as a lead compound for treatment of malignancies characterized by excessive protein secretion.
High Resolution Mapping of the<i>/ndica</i>-Derived Rice Blast Resistance Genes. I.<i>Pi-b</i> (1996)

Rice is a good material for studying positional cloning of disease resistance genes because its ratio of physical to genetic distance is small (100 to 300 kb/cM), and abundant genetic information is available. As a first step in cloning, the rice blast resistance gene Pi-b was finely mapped near the terminal region of chromosome 2 using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Various near-isogenic lines (NILs) developed by the introgression of the indica-derived Pi-b gene into japonica recurrent parents facilitated its rapid and accurate localization and also the F2 analyses. Although Pi-b was introgressed independently from four cultivars, all the donors showed the same RFLP profile for all the nearby probes used, whereas there was some polymorphism among japonica recurrent parents, suggesting a single origin of the resistance gene. Pi-b cosegregated with RAPD (b-1) and RFLP (RZ123) markers, and it was bracketed between flanking RFLP markers at 0.5 cM on the centromeric side, and 1.9 cM on the telomeric side. The centromeric and telomeric limits of the indica regions of NILs BL-1 and BL-7 were closer to Pi-b than the flanking nucleic markers on each side, respectively, providing better (< 0.5 and < 1.9 cM) delineating markers. A long-range Southern blot with rare-cutter restriction enzymes revealed an 85-kb common band between the two 0-cM markers. These markers provide an excellent environment for the positional cloning of Pi-b.
Vacuum Ultraviolet Light-Generating Metasurface (2018)

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light has important applications in many fields, ranging from device fabrication to photochemistry, from environmental remediation to microscopy and spectroscopy. Methods to produce coherent VUV light frequently utilize high harmonic generation in media such as rare gases or atomic vapors; nonlinear optical crystals that support second harmonic generation into the VUV are quite rare. Here, we demonstrate an all-dielectric metasurface designed for the nonlinear optical generation of VUV light. Consisting of an array of zinc oxide nanoresonators, the device exhibits a magnetic dipole resonance at a wavelength of 394 nm. When excited with ultrafast laser pulses at this wavelength, the second harmonic at 197 nm is readily generated. Manipulation of the metasurface design enables control over the radiation pattern. This work has the potential to open the door toward simple and compact VUV sources for new applications.
Photoresponsive Coumarin Polyesters That Exhibit Cross-Linking and Chain Scission Properties (2013)

The synthesis and properties of a new class of photoresponsive coumarin polyesters are described. Incorporation of the coumarin chromophore in the polymer chain provides interesting properties such as polymer chain cross-linking upon irradiation at 350 nm and chain un-cross-linking when irradiated at 254 nm. In addition, irradiation at 254 nm also results in polymer chain scission. The cross-linking, un-cross-linking, and chain scission properties were studied by ssNMR, ATR-IR, and GPC measurements. These properties enable the fabrication of 2D surfaces having complementary micropatterned features. Also, initial biocompatibility profiles of the polymers and their irradiation products were demonstrated using MTT assays.
A Multi-Criteria Receiver-Side Relay Election Approach in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Traditional purely greedy forwarding in wireless ad hoc networks is not optimal in most practical settings where perfect-reception-within-range cannot be assumed. Although a few link-aware routing schemes have been reported, the tradeoffs between greediness and link quality have not been studied. In this paper, we take a multi-criteria based receiver-side relay election approach in wireless multi-hop forwarding, where a single optimal node is elected among many candidates to relay packets toward the final destination. We introduce a general cost metric in the form of a multi-parameter mapping function, that aggregates all decision criteria into a single virtual criterion to rank potential relay candidates. We show that a suitable mapping function can be found, which trades off greediness for link quality to obtain optimal end-to-end network performance. Compared with the previously reported link-aware forwarding schemes, our results show a better energy performance and a substantial improvement in end-to-end delay
Natural history of disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnosed based on the newly established diagnostic criteria for critically ill patients: Results of a multicenter, prospective survey* (2008)

This prospective survey demonstrated the natural history of DIC patients diagnosed by the JAAM DIC diagnostic criteria in a critical care setting. The study provides further evidence of a progression from the JAAM DIC to the ISTH overt DIC.
Sample positioning apparatus. [for alpha counting] (1976)

An apparatus is described for use in alpha particle counting with detectors such as photomultiplier tubes, comprising a platform and linkage mechanism whereby samples are moved in linear manner toward and away from ends of the photomultiplier tubes.
Parallel processing data acquisition system for multilaser flow cytometry and cell sorting (1989)

This report describes the data acquisition electronics for a flow cytometer. The design differs from most instruments in that the signals from a large number of detectors are processed in parallel. Each of the input channels is capable of autonomously measuring and digitizing the fluorescence signals. The digitized values that belong to one particle are collected by digital circuitry and are presented as a compact data package on a special bus. In addition to the pulse values, the data package contains a time marker, information needed for sort decisions, and an error detection code. Specially designed electronic modules that read the information from the bus can take complex multiparameter sort decisions at a very high speed. All events can also be recorded as data lists by a computer. The lists can be used to reconstruct a sort or analysis run. The raw data lists can also be reduced to kinetic curves and/or (gated) multivariate histograms. As a result of the applied scheme of parallel pulse processing, the dead time of the system is independent of the number of parameters measured and the number and time separation of the excitation beams. The instrument has a cycle time of 5 microseconds, which corresponds to a throughput rate of 2 x 10(5) events/s. At this rate, the incidence of correlation errors is well below 1 in 10(8) analyzed particles. The system has proved to be reliable and convenient to use in a variety of experiments. Its high speed and low error rate make it well suited for high-resolution measurements, rare-event analysis, kinetic measurements, and high-speed cell sorting.
Experimental Testing of an Organic Rankine Cycle with Scroll-type Expander (2012)

An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a power cycle employing an organic working fluid. The term ORC is also applied generally to any Rankine cycle with a low-grade heat source (80° – 300oC). Because ORC are often employed in small-scale applications, use of positive displacement equipment is favored over the centrifugal units used in large-scale power plants. A key feature of a positive displacement expander is its built-in volume ratio. An ORC with a scroll-type expander is studied experimentally. Data for steady state tests of the ORC are presented according to a proposed steady state standard. It is shown that the adiabatic efficiency of the expander can be fully characterized by its filling factor and the expansion volume ratio imposed across it. In particular, the peak adiabatic efficiency occurs near a filling factor of unity and an expansion volume ratio near the built-in volume ratio of the expander. The influence of the expander’s performance on cycle efficiency is considered. A procedure is presented which allows prediction of cycle performance based on knowledge of the expander efficiency versus expansion volume ratio, cycle operating conditions, and working fluid. Using this procedure, an optimal expander can be chosen for a set of cycle operating conditions based on its peak efficiency and built-in volume ratio.
On the silicon-etched re-configurable antenna with RF-MEMS switches (2005)

Re-configurability in an antenna system is a desired characteristic that has been the focus of much research in recent years. In this work, RF-MEMS switches are integrated with self-similar planar antennas to provide a re-configurable antenna system that radiates with similar patterns over a wide range of frequencies. The different issues encountered during the integration of the MEMS switches and the overall antenna structure are described and discussed in this paper.
Total Syntheses of Epothilones B and D (2004)

A convergent, total synthesis of epothilones B (2) and D (4) is described. The key steps are Normant coupling to establish the desired (Z)-stereochemistry at C12-C13, Wadsworth-Emmons olefination of methyl ketone 28 with the phosphonate ester 8, diastereoselective aldol condensation of aldehyde 5 with the enolate of keto acid derivatives to form the C6-C7 bond, selective deprotection of acid 52, and macrolactonization.
Unattenuated light transmission through the interface between two materials with different indices of refraction using magnetic metamaterials (2006)

We report on the application of a magnetic composite metamaterial. The magnetic response of the metamaterial in the light region of the spectrum can realize the Brewster condition for $s$-polarized light. By introducing a uniaxial magnetic metamaterial consisting of stacked two-dimensional arrays of split-ring resonators, the Brewster effect can be produced for both $p$ and $s$ polarizations simultaneously. We also propose optical components that can interconnect two materials of different refractive index and that can transmit the light across the material boundary without any reflection at the interface.
De Novo Autoimmunity to Cardiac Myosin After Heart Transplantation and Its Contribution to the Rejection Process (1999)

Allograft rejection is initiated by an immune response to donor MHC proteins. We recently reported that this response can result in breakdown of immune tolerance to a recipient self Ag. However, the contribution of this autoimmune response to graft rejection has yet to be determined. Here, we found that after mouse allogeneic heart transplantation, de novo CD4+ T cell and B cell autoimmune response to cardiac myosin (CM), a major contractile protein of cardiac muscle, is elicited in recipients. Importantly, CM is the autoantigen that causes autoimmune myocarditis, a heart autoimmune disease whose histopathological features resemble those observed in rejected cardiac transplants. Furthermore, T cell responses directed to CM peptide myhcalpha 334-352, a known myocarditogenic determinant, were detected in heart-transplanted mice. No responses to CM were observed in mice that had received an allogeneic skin graft or a syngeneic heart transplant, demonstrating that this response is tissue specific and that allogeneic response is necessary to break tolerance to CM. Next, we showed that sensitization of recipient mice with CM markedly accelerates the rejection of allogeneic heart. Therefore, posttransplant autoimmune response to CM is relevant to the rejection process. We conclude that transplantation-induced autoimmune response to CM represents a new mechanism that may play a significant role in cardiac transplant rejection.