gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldose Reductase Inhibition Protects Diabetic and Nondiabetic Rat Hearts from Ischemic Injury (1997)

Diabetes increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease as well as the complications of myocardial infarction. Studies using animal models of diabetes have demonstrated that the metabolic alterations occurring at the myocyte level may contribute to the severity of ischemic injury in diabetic hearts. Of the several mechanisms being investigated to understand the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, the increased metabolism of glucose via the polyol pathway has received considerable attention. Deviant metabolic regulation due to increased flux through aldose reductase in diabetic hearts may influence the ability of the myocardium to withstand ischemia insult. To determine if aldose reductase inhibition improves tolerance to ischemia, hearts from acute type I diabetic and nondiabetic control rats were isolated and retrograde perfused. Each group was exposed to 1 micromol/l zopolrestat, a specific inhibitor of aldose reductase, for 10 min, followed by 20 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion in the absence of zopolrestat. Zopolrestat reduced sorbitol levels before ischemia in diabetic hearts. The cytosolic redox state (NADH/NAD+), as measured by lactate-to-pyruvate ratios, was significantly lowered under baseline, ischemic, and reperfusion conditions in diabetic hearts perfused with zopolrestat. In these diabetic hearts, ATP was significantly higher in zopolrestat hearts during ischemia, as were phosphocreatine and left ventricular-developed pressure on reperfusion. Zopolrestat provided similar metabolic and functional benefits in nondiabetic hearts. Creatine kinase release was reduced by approximately 50% in both nondiabetic and diabetic hearts treated with zopolrestat. These data indicate that inhibition of aldose reductase activity preserves high-energy phosphates, maintains a lower cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio, and markedly protects both diabetic and nondiabetic hearts during ischemia and reperfusion.
Speed and sensitivity limitations of optoelectronic receivers based on MSM photodiode and millimeter-wave HBTs on InP substrate (1992)

Heterostructure bipolar transistors and MSM photodetectors based on compound semiconductors have demonstrated high-frequency performance beyond 100 GHz. By combining these state-of-the-art devices in a realistic integrated optoelectronic receiver, this letter demonstrates that it is possible to achieve a receiver sensitivity of -19.04 dBm at 16 Gb/s at a bit-error-rate of 10/sup -9/. Further improvement of noise and bit-rate can be achieved by designing HBTs with lower junction capacitances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterizing the Protonation State of Cytosine in Transient G·C Hoogsteen Base Pairs in Duplex DNA (2013)

G·C Hoogsteen base pairs can form transiently in duplex DNA and play important roles in DNA recognition, replication, and repair. G·C Hoogsteen base pairs are thought to be stabilized by protonation of cytosine N3, which affords a second key hydrogen bond, but experimental evidence for this is sparse because the proton cannot be directly visualized by X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Here, we combine NMR and constant pH molecular dynamics simulations to directly investigate the pKa of cytosine N3 in a chemically trapped N1-methyl-G·C Hoogsteen base pair within duplex DNA. Analysis of NMR chemical shift perturbations and NOESY data as a function of pH revealed that cytosine deprotonation is coupled to a syn-to-anti transition in N1-methyl-G, which results in a distorted Watson-Crick geometry at pH >9. A four-state analysis of the pH titration profiles yields a lower bound pKa estimate of 7.2 ± 0.1 for the G·C Hoogsteen base pair, which is in good agreement with the pKa value (7.1 ± 0.1) calculated independently using constant pH MD simulations. Based on these results and pH-dependent NMR relaxation dispersion measurements, we estimate that under physiological pH (pH 7-8), G·C Hoogsteen base pairs in naked DNA have a population of 0.02-0.002%, as compared to 0.4% for A·T Hoogsteen base pairs, and likely exist primarily as protonated species.
Automated rover positioning and instrument placement (2005)

Technologies to enable automated placement of a rover arm mounted instrument with the rover starting about three meters from the specified instrument target on a terrain feature have been developed and demonstrated on a prototype Mars rover. The technologies are automated rover base placement, collision-free arm path planning, and vision guided manipulation. These technologies were integrated with rover visual tracking to provide a complete capability for automated rover approach and instrument placement.
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Adolescents: Differences in Demographic and Health Characteristics* (1990)

The demographic and health characteristics of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan adolescents are examined based on a nationally representative sample of 15,181 randomly selected adolescents from the 1984 National Health Interview Survey. One third of all adolescents reside in nonmetropolitan areas of the United States. Nonmetropolitan youth differed from their metropolitan counterparts in race, population concentration in the South, poverty status, family composition, education of household head, and marital status. While the health status of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan youth were similar, their patterns of health services utilization and health insurance coverage were not. Nonmetropolitan adolescents made fewer physician visits and were more apt to delay seeking physician care than metropolitan youth. Adolescents in nonmetropolitan areas were also 39 percent more likely to be hospitalized and 30 percent more likely than metropolitan youth to be without any form of health insurance protection. Despite higher rates of poverty among nonmetropolitan adolescents, they were 20 percent less likely to be publicly insured. The delivery and financing implications of these distinct metropolitan and nonmetropolitan demographic and health characteristics are discussed.
Integrin VLA-3: ultrastructural localization at cell-cell contact sites of human cell cultures. (1989)

The integrin VLA-3 is a cell surface receptor, which binds to fibronectin, laminin, collagen type I and VI (Takada, Y., E. A. Wayner, W. G. Carter, and M. E. Hemler. 1988. J. Cell. Biochem. 37:385-393) and is highly expressed in substrate adherent cultures of almost all human cell types. The ligand specificity of VLA-3 and the inhibition of cell adhesion by anti-VLA-3 monoclonal antibodies suggest its involvement in cell-substrate interaction. In normal tissues, VLA-3 is restricted to few cell types, notably the kidney glomeruli and basal cells of the epidermis. In the epidermis, VLA-3 is generally strongly expressed on the entire plasma membrane of basal cells and is not polarized towards the basement membrane (Klein, C. E., C. Cardon-Cardo, R. Soehnchen, R. J. Cote, H. F. Oettgen, M. Eisinger, and L. J. Old. 1987. J. Invest. Dermatol. 89:500-507). Based on this finding we speculated that, in addition to a role of VLA-3 for adhesion of cells to substrate, it could also be relevant for cell-cell interaction. To investigate this, we ultrastructurally localized VLA-3 on the surface of cultured cells by immunoelectron microscopy. In accordance with our concept, we found VLA-3 strongly associated with intercellular contact sites. Interestingly, very little immunoreactivity was detected at the under-surface of cells which had been cultured for 18-32 h. This observation was unexpected but is consistent with previous findings (Kantor, R. R. S., M. J. Mattes, K. D. Lloyd, L. J. Old, and A. P. Albino. 1987. J. Biol. Chem. 262:15158-15165) which suggest that the association of VLA-3 with the basal surface of substrate adherent tumor cells is a late event occurring after days of culture under confluent conditions. However, we cannot formally rule out VLA-3 expression at the undersurface of cells under our experimental conditions, since VLA-3 molecules at this location could be inaccessible for in situ labeling of unfixed cells because of spatial interferences. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the expression of VLA-3 at intercellular contact sites of cultured cells supporting the concept that it may be relevant for intercellular interactions also.
Foamed Calcium Aluminate Phosphate Cement Enables Drilling and Cementation of California Geothermal Wells (2009)

Abstract In the Salton Sea Field of Imperial County, California, the operating company successfully applied foamed calcium aluminate phosphate (CaP) cement to achieve long-term zonal isolation in a geothermal well that presented a corrosive carbon dioxide (CO2) environment. Weak formations along the wellbore of the shallow well required tight management of drilling-mud weight and cement density to help avoid circulation loss during drilling and cementing. This paper (1) describes the case history of Del Ranch Well 14, (2) describes the cement, (3) discusses the job design, and (4) compares/contrasts the performance of conventional cements to that of CaP cement. CO2 is a common element in downhole fluids, whether naturally occurring in ground waters or the result of CO2 injection processes. When CO2 comes into contact with the Portland cement traditionally used to cement well casings, it produces a deterioration phenomenon, called carbonation, in the cement. Over time, the loss of cement caused by carbonation can (1) cause serious damage to downhole tubulars and (2) destroy zonal isolation integrity, resulting in costly remedial services or even abandonment of a well. CaP is specially formulated cement that is both CO2 and acid resistant. It comprises four basic components: calcium aluminate cement, sodium polyphosphate, Class F fly ash, and water. CaP has been laboratory tested and proven at temperatures as low as 140°F and as high as 700°F. Under test conditions that cause Class G and H cements and latex-containing Portland cements to lose up to 50% of their weight, CaP cement's properties are only slightly affected and might actually improve. Some sections of the cement sheath were cemented with foamed slurry to provide added protection against formation breakdown.
A digital signal processor with programmable correlator array architecture for third generation wireless communication system (2001)

A digital signal processor (DSP) with programmable correlator array architecture is presented for third generation wireless communication system. The programmable correlator array can be reconfigured. as a chip match filter, code group detector, scrambling code detector, and RAKE receiver with low power consideration. The architecture and instruction set of the proposed DSP are specially designed for several key operations of wireless communications, such as channel estimation for RAKE combining, Viterbi algorithm and finite-impulse response filtering. The proposed DSP outperforms other previously presented communication digital signal processors in terms of several crucial operations of wireless applications. A chip of the proposed DSP was implemented using hybrid design method where the timing critical components were full-custom designed and the other parts were cell-based designed under TSMC 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS 1P4M technology. We believe that the proposed system architecture would be useful for upcoming 3G mobile terminal applications.
A Nowcasting Model for Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Regions Based on the TREC Motion Vector Retrieval with a Semi-Lagrangian Scheme for Doppler Weather Radar (2018)

Accurate observational data and reliable prediction models are both essential to improve the quality of precipitation forecasts. The spiraling trajectories of air parcels within a tropical cyclone (TC) coupled with the large sizes of these systems brings special challenges in making accurate short-term forecasts, or nowcasts. Doppler weather radars are ideal instruments to observe TCs when they move over land, and traditional nowcasts incorporate radar data. However, data from dozens of radars must be mosaicked together to observe the entire system. Traditional single-radar-based reflectivity tracking methods commonly employed in nowcasting are not suitable for TCs as they are not able to capture the circular motion of these systems. Thus, this paper focuses on improving short-term predictability of TC precipitation with Doppler weather radar observations based on: a multi-scale motion vector retrieval algorithm, an optimization technique and a semi-Lagrangian advection scheme. Motion fields of precipitation regions are obtained by a multi-level motion vector retrieval algorithm, then corrected and smoothed by the optimization technique using mass and smooth constraints. Predicted precipitation regions are then extrapolated using the semi-Lagrangian advection scheme. A case study of Hurricane Isabel (2003) shows that the combination of these methods may increase reliable rainfall prediction to about 5 h as the TC moves over land.
Cellular or viral protein binding to a cytomegalovirus promoter transcription initiation site: effects on transcription (1996)

We have previously shown that the IE2 protein of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) represses its own synthesis by binding to the major immediate-early promoter (M. P. Macias and M. F. Stinski, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:707-711, 1993). The binding of a viral protein (IE2) and a cellular protein in the region of the transcription start site was investigated by site-specific mutational analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The viral protein and the cellular protein require different but adjacent core DNA sequence elements for binding. In situ chemical footprinting analysis of DNA-protein interactions with purified CMV IE2 protein or HeLa cell nuclear extracts demonstrated binding sites that overlap the transcription start site. The IE2 protein footprint was between bp -15 and +2, relative to the transcription start site, and the cellular protein was between bp -16 and +7. The ability of the unknown human cellular protein of approximately 150 kDa to bind the CMV major immediate-early promoter correlates with an increase in the level of transcription efficiency. Mutations in the core DNA sequence element for cellular protein binding significantly reduced the level of in vitro transcription efficiency. Mutations upstream and downstream of the core sequence moderately reduced the transcription efficiency level. Negative autoregulation of the CMV promoter by the viral IE2 protein may involve both binding to the DNA template and interference with the function of a cellular protein that binds to the transcription start site and enhances transcription efficiency.
CMOS-MEMS Filters (2008)

Silicon radio integration is currently limited by the ability to achieve high-Q filters on chip with the RF transistors. Furthermore, multi-terminal radio trends are driving the need for widely tunable filters. Progress on high-Q electrically-selectable CMOS-MEMS micromechanical filters and medium-Q widely tunable CMOS-MEMS LC filters is described. These filters are directly integrated from existing layers in foundry CMOS or BiCMOS processes and so may provide a manufacturable solution to future radio needs. Two LC filter topologies are described showing measured insertion loss as low as 5.1 dB and tuning range as high as 28%. The CMOS-MEMS micromechanical filters achieve Q of over 3000 at low pressure. Operation as an electromechanical mixer filter may lead to a compact on-chip solution for spectral power sensing for cognitive radio.
Investigation of Frictional Force Applied to Strands Surrounded by Other Strands and Tribological Analysis of Contact Surface in CIC Conductor (2014)

At the SULTAN test facility, the assessment of the performance of toroidal field coils has been progressing. Unpredictable strand buckling was observed during the destructive investigation of the conductor after significant degradation of the current sharing temperature. The buckling direction was perpendicular to the Lorentz force (LF), and the mechanism causing this was due to the thermal shrinkage occurring because of the difference in the thermal contraction between the strand material and the stainless steel conduit. Our previous research was based on a two-dimensional string model and demonstrated that the observed 2 mm strand bending could have led to strand buckling if the total amount of slide at the contact crossover was assumed to be 80 μm. To verify this assumption, we fabricated a device for the measurement of the friction force (shear force) between strands under a constriction force comparable to the LF of several hundred of kilonewtons per meter. The results for a Cr-coated 0.89 mm diameter strand surrounded by bare Cu strands indicated that the thermal contraction force would be sufficient to overcome the static friction force when the contraction force is reduced to a tenth of the maximum LF. The mechanism of the slide motion could be divided into two processes: separation of the inner wall of the conduit and the gradual separation from other strands due to a gradual reduction of the LF. A tribological analysis revealed that the real contact area increases by 10% when the shear force is applied; this result would help us evaluate the contact resistance between strands of conductors.
An overview of the Penman text generation system (1983)

The problem of programming computers to produce natural language explanations and other texts on demand is an active research area in artifical intelligence. In the past, research systems designed for this purpose have been limited by the weakness of their linguistic bases, especially their grammars, and their techniques often cannot be transferred to new knowledge domains. A new text generation system, Penman, is designed to overcome these problems and produce fluent multiparagraph text in English in response to a goal presented to the system. Penman consists of four major modules: a knowledge acquisition module which can perform domain-specific searches for knowledge relevant to a given communication goal; a text planning module which can organize the relevant information, decide what portion to present, and decide how to lead the reader's attention and knowledge through the content; a sentence generation module based on a large systemic grammar of English; and an evaluation and plan-perturbation module which revises text plans based on evaluation of text produced. Development of Penman has included implementation of the largest systemic grammar of English in a single notation. A new semantic notation has been added to the systemic framework, and the semantics of nearly the entire grammar has been defined. The semantics is designed to be independent of the system's knowledge notation, so that it is usable with widely differing knowledge representtions, including both frame-based and predicate-calculus-based approaches. (Author)
Clinical Outcome of Catheter Ablation in Patients With Nonparoxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (2012)

The long-term recurrence-free rate of ablation in nonparoxysmal AF was only 28.4% after a single procedure, and multiple procedures were necessary to raise the recurrence-free rate. The CHADS2 score and LA dimension may help us to identify patients who will have recurrences after catheter ablations of nonparoxysmal AF.
A Parallel Adaptive Range Coding Compressor: Algorithm, FPGA Prototype, Evaluation (2012)

Loss less compression algorithms are employed in a wide variety of communication- and storage-related systems. Many embedded applications, such as real-time communication log compression used in automotive systems, impose strict throughput constraints on the compression unit, creating a demand for hardware-accelerated designs. In this paper we present a modification of the Adaptive Range Coding algorithm used by 7-Zip compressor implemented in an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). We have improved the algorithm to support massive parallelization that allows making use of the distributed FPGA logic and achieving compression throughput of more than 50MB/s when implemented on a Virtex5 FPGA in conjunction with a hardware LZSS coder. Compared to a fixed-table Huffman encoder, our implementation provides the same high throughput and a 20% better compression ratio. Furthermore we explore several variations of algorithm parameters and show various trade-offs between compression efficiency, FPGA utilization and throughput.
Plastid lipid associated proteins of the plant fibrillin family: Structure, localisation, functions and gene expression (2004)

Proteins referred to as plant fibrillins or plastid lipid associated proteins are widespread from cyanobacteria to higher plants, and in the latter case in diverse tissues, in association with a variety of different lipidic structures. Fibrillin was originally purified from pepper fruit and cucumber flowers where these proteins participate in the formation of fibrillar lipoprotein structures implicated in carotenoid storage. Further studies have suggested that fibrillin, and its homologues, play a role in stabilizing the photosynthetic thylakoid membranes, contributing to the remarkable tolerance of the photosynthetic apparatus to stress condition. Evidence is also available for the association of these proteins to various lipid globules under non-stressed conditions preventing plastoglobule coalescence. Furthermore, proteins of the fibrillin family can influence plant development. In the current state of our knowledge, these proteins seem to be involved in the stabilisation of lipid structures in an aqueous environment. Expression of these genes differs from plant species to plant species but seems consistent with the functions of the proteins: a constitutive and low level in most tissues, an induction in green tissues under photooxidative stress conditions (at least in Solanaceae) and a strong up-regulation in fruit and flowers in some plants.
Computers Take Flight: A History of NASA's Pioneering Digital Fly-by-Wire Project (2000)

An overview of the NASA F-8 Fly-by Wire project is presented. The project made two significant contributions to the new technology: (1) a solid design base of techniques that work and those that do not, and (2) credible evidence of good flying qualities and the ability of such a system to tolerate real faults and to continue operation without degradation. In 1972 the F-8C aircraft used in the program became he first digital fly-by-wire aircraft to operate without a mechanical backup system.
Making community based comprehensive mental health services work (1996)

There hat boon until recently a dearth of descriptions of locally targeted community mental health services. Such a service, developed by changing a traditional psychiatric service in an inner setting, is described. The service addresses the needs of those with predominantly severe/enduring mental health problems, by increasingly using research based treatments in an ordinary district setting.
Depth Map Estimation Using Multi-focus Imaging (2010)

In this thesis, three different depth map estimation techniques are presented. The first method uses SUSAN operator to detects the features, followed by an exponentially decaying function is employed to transfer the distance of the detected features by giving more weight to the nearer vicinity pixels of feature points, which helps to measure the clarity and depth of pixels. A robust, dual-tree complex wavelets and distance transformation based framework is developed for depth map estimation in second focus measure technique. The shift-invariance and better directionality of dual-tree complex wavelets helps to detects the features efficiently, which helps to estimate the depth of the scene more precisely. In third depth map estimation technique, focus measure is ensure by measuring local orientation energy using a quadrature pair of steerable filters of the detected features. The experiments and results validates the effectiveness of proposed feature based depth map estimation approach.