gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Higher-Order Function Networks for Learning Composable 3D Object Representations (2020)

We present a new approach to 3D object representation where the geometry of an object is encoded directly into the weights and biases of a second 'mapping' network. This mapping network can be used to reconstruct an object by applying its encoded transformation to points randomly sampled from a simple geometric space, such as the unit sphere. Next, we extend this concept to enable the composition of multiple mapping functions. This capability provides a method for mixing features of different objects through function composition in a latent function space. Our experiments examine the effectiveness of our method on a subset of the ShapeNet dataset. We find that this representation can reconstruct objects with accuracy equal to or exceeding state-of-the-art methods with orders of magnitude fewer parameters. Our smallest reconstruction network has only about 7000 parameters and shows reconstruction quality on par with state-of-the-art object representation architectures with millions of parameters.
Using wavelets to synthesize stochastic-based sounds for immersive virtual environments (2005)

Stochastic, or nonpitched, sounds fill our real-world environment. Humans almost continuously hear stochastic sounds, such as wind, rain, motor sounds, and different types of impact sounds. Because of their prevalence in real-world environments, it is important to include these types of sounds for realistic virtual environment simulations. This paper describes a synthesis approach that uses wavelets for modeling stochastic-based sounds. Parameterizations of the wavelet models yield a variety of related sounds from a small set of models. The result is dynamic sound models that can change according to changes in the virtual environment. This paper contains a description of the sound synthesis process, several developed models, and the on-going perceptual experiments for validating the sound synthesis veracity. The developed models and results demonstrate proof of the concept and illustrate the potential of this approach.
ACVR1 antibodies exacerbate heterotopic ossification in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) by activating FOP-mutant ACVR1 (2021)

Abstract Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder whose most debilitating pathology is progressive and cumulative heterotopic ossification (HO) of skeletal muscles, ligaments, tendons, and fascia. FOP is caused by mutations in the type I BMP receptor gene ACVR1 , which enable ACVR1 to utilize its natural antagonist, Activin A, as an agonistic ligand. The physiological relevance of this property is underscored by the fact that HO in FOP is exquisitely dependent on activation of FOP-mutant ACVR1 by Activin A, an effect countered by inhibition of Activin A via monoclonal antibody treatment. Hence, we surmised that ACVR1 antibodies that block activation of ACVR1 by ligand should also inhibit HO in FOP and provide an additional therapeutic option for this condition. Therefore, we generated ACVR1 monoclonal antibodies that block ACVR1’s activation by its ligands. Surprisingly, in vivo , these ACVR1 antibodies stimulate HO and activate signaling of FOP-mutant ACVR1. This property is restricted to FOP-mutant ACVR1 and results from ACVR1 antibody-mediated dimerization of ACVR1. Conversely, wild type ACVR1 is inhibited by ACVR1 antibodies. These results uncover an additional novel property of FOP-mutant ACVR1 and indicate that ACVR1 antibodies should not be considered as therapeutics for FOP.
Importance of interface roughness induced intersubband scattering in mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2012)

The electron transit time of many different quantum cascade lasers has been measured and compared to the calculated upper laser level lifetimes with and without taking into account interface roughness induced intersubband scattering. A significantly better correlation is found between the experimental results and the calculation when including the contribution from the interface roughness (corr. coeff.: 0.79 vs. 0.43 with and without the consideration of interface roughness, respectively). This suggests that in addition to longitudinal optical phonons, interface roughness is also crucial in determining the intersubband lifetimes in mid-infrared quantum cascade laser and should routinely be included in design.
Systems perspectives on optically-assisted RF signal processing using silicon photonics (2011)

This talk will discuss opportunities for photonics to contribute to signal processing applications in general, and RF signal processing in particular. Key issues associated with embedded photonic links, important analog RF functions, and key component and systems requirements will be addressed. Progress in silicon photonics and associated systems technologies, along with basic proof of concept demonstrations will be presented. Specific topics include reconfigurable silicon photonic filters, operation of such filters in coherent RF photonic links, precision photonic control, link linearization methods, and the utility of optical amplifiers.
A Simple DNA Extraction Method for PCR‐based Detection of <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>pelargonii</i> in Geraniums (1997)

Abstract A simple method for PCR‐based plant clinical diagnosis of bacterial blight of geraniums caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii is described. The method entails maceration of infected tissues in water or 10mM Tris‐ HCI, pH 8.0 buffer, followed by treatment of the macerate with a commercially‐available extraction matrix (GeneReleaser TM ) in which nucleic acid is released by brief microwave heating. Nucleic acid prepared in this manner served directly as template for PCR amplification with primers targeting a sequence in the genome of the bacterium. Using this protocol, it was possible to quickly identify X. campestris pv. pelargonii in infected geraniums, whereas amplification products were not obtained with nucleic acid preparations from noninfected plants, or from plants infected with the bacterial pathogens, Corynebacterium fascians or Pseudomonas cichorii .
<i><scp>IL</scp>‐10 </i><scp>mRNA</scp> levels in whole blood cells correlate with house dust mite allergen immunotherapy efficacy (2019)

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Highly efficient secretion of heterologous proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae using inulinase signal peptides (2000)

The INU genes of Kluyveromyces marxianus encode inulinases which are readily secreted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the culture medium. To evaluate the utility of the INU signal peptides for the secretion of heterologous proteins from S. cerevisiae, a variety of expression and secretion vectors were constructed with GAL10 promoter and GAL7 terminator. The coding sequence for human lipocortin-1 (LC1) was inserted in-frame with the INU signal sequences, and then the secretion efficiency and localization of LC1 were investigated in more detail and compared with those when being expressed by the vector with the MFalpha1 leader peptide. The vector systems with INU signal peptides secreted ca. 95% of the total LC1 expressed into the extracellular medium, while the MFalpha1 leader peptide-containing vector resulted in very low secretion efficiency below 10%. In addition, recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) was expressed and secreted with the vector systems with INU signal peptide, and a majority fraction of the human IL-2 expressed was found to be secreted into the extracellular medium as observed in LC1 expression. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Glycosynthases Enable a Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Glycoproteins Carrying Intact Natural <i>N</i>-Glycans (2009)

Homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying defined natural N-glycans are essential for detailed structural and functional studies. The transglycosylation activity of the endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases from Arthrobacter protophormiae (Endo-A) and Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) holds great potential for glycoprotein synthesis, but the wild-type enzymes are not practical for making glycoproteins carrying native N-glycans because of their predominant activity for product hydrolysis. In this article, we report studies of two endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases, EndoM-N175A and EndoA-N171A, and their usefulness in constructing homogeneous N-glycoproteins carrying natural N-glycans. The oligosaccharide oxazoline corresponding to the biantennary complex-type N-glycan was synthesized and tested with the two glycosynthases. The EndoM-N175A mutant was able to efficiently transfer the complex-type glycan oxazoline to a GlcNAc peptide and GlcNAc-containing ribonuclease to form the corresponding homogeneous glycopeptide/glycoprotein. The EndoA-N171A mutant did not recognize the complex-type N-glycan oxazoline but could efficiently use the high-mannose-type glycan oxazoline for transglycosylation. These mutants possess the transglycosylation activity but lack the hydrolytic activity toward the product. Kinetic studies revealed that the dramatically enhanced synthetic efficiency of the EndoA-N171A mutant was due to the significantly reduced hydrolytic activity toward both the Man(9)GlcNAc oxazoline and the product as well as to its enhanced activity for transglycosylation. Thus, the two mutants described here represent the first endoglycosidase-based glycosynthases enabling a highly efficient synthesis of homogeneous natural N-glycoproteins.
Ultrafast optical pulse shaping using dielectric metasurfaces (2019)

Advances in ultrafast lasers, chirped pulse amplifiers, and frequency comb technology require fundamentally new pulse-modulation strategies capable of supporting unprecedentedly large bandwidth and high peak power while maintaining high spectral resolution. We demonstrate how dielectric metasurfaces can be leveraged to shape the temporal profile of a near-infrared femtosecond pulse. Finely tailored pulse-shaping operations, including splitting, compression, chirping, and higher-order distortion, are achieved using a Fourier-transform setup embedding metasurfaces able to manipulate, simultaneously and independently, the amplitude and phase of the constituent frequency components of the pulse. Exploiting metasurfaces to manipulate the temporal characteristics of light expands their impact and opens new vistas in the field of ultrafast science and technology.
Learning Contracting Vector Fields For Stable Imitation Learning (2018)

We propose a new non-parametric framework for learning incrementally stable dynamical systems x' = f(x) from a set of sampled trajectories. We construct a rich family of smooth vector fields induced by certain classes of matrix-valued kernels, whose equilibria are placed exactly at a desired set of locations and whose local contraction and curvature properties at various points can be explicitly controlled using convex optimization. With curl-free kernels, our framework may also be viewed as a mechanism to learn potential fields and gradient flows. We develop large-scale techniques using randomized kernel approximations in this context. We demonstrate our approach, called contracting vector fields (CVF), on imitation learning tasks involving complex point-to-point human handwriting motions.
Lidar for Wind and Optical Turbulence Profiling (2018)

A field campaign for the comparison investigation of systems to measure wind and optical turbulence profiles was conducted in northern Germany. The experimental effort was to compare the performance of the LIDAR, SODAR-RASS and ultrasonic anemometers for the measurement of the above mentioned atmospheric parameters. Soreq's LIDAR is a fiber laser based system demonstrator for the vertical profiling of the wind and turbulence, based on the correlation of aerosol density variations. It provides measurements up to 350m with 20m resolution.
Electronic characteristics of fluorene/TiO2 molecular heterojunctions (2007)

The electronic properties of molecular junctions of the general type carbon/molecule/TiO2Au were examined as examples of "molecular heterojunctions" consisting of a molecular monolayer and a semiconducting oxide. Junctions containing fluorene bonded to pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) were compared to those containing Al2O3 instead of fluorene, and those with only the TiO2 layer. The responses to voltage sweep and pulse stimulation were strongly dependent on junction composition and temperature. A transient current response lasting a few milliseconds results from injection and trapping of electrons in the TiO2 layer, and occurred in all three junction types studied. Conduction in PPFTiO2Au junctions is consistent with space charge limited conduction at low voltage, then a sharp increase in current once the space charge fills all the traps. With fluorene present, there is a slower, persistent change in junction conductance which may be removed by a reverse polarity pulse. This "memory" effect is attributed to a redox process in the TiO2 which generates TiIII and/or TiII, which have much higher conductance than TiO2 due to the presence of conduction band electrons. The redox process amounts to "dynamic doping" of the TiO2 layer by the imposed electric field. The memory effect arises from a combination of the properties of the molecular and oxide layers, and is a special property of the molecular heterojunction configuration.
On implementing an unconventional infant vital signs monitor with passive RFID tags (2017)

Enabling continuous and comfortable monitoring for newborn infants continues to remain a challenge. The circuitry and power required to monitor an infant's vital signs both with wired and wireless implementations are the main obstacles in realizing a seamless wearable infant monitor. In this paper, an unconventional battery-free and wireless infant heart and respiration rate monitor that uses passive RFID technology is proposed. Heart rate information is transmitted by turning an RFID tag on and off based on detection of heart beats and respiration rate is measured by monitoring the change in the received signal strength from the RFID tag due to respiratory activity. The system affords tremendous reduction in hardware and makes an integrated unobtrusive infant monitor possible. Such a monitor can contribute to reducing infant mortality by enabling continuous monitoring of potentially life threatening conditions like apnea and bradycardia.
The Region Comprising Amino Acids 100 to 255 of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>Lipoprotein GNA 1870 Elicits Bactericidal Antibodies (2005)

GNA 1870 is a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein, identified by genome analysis of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58, which induces bactericidal antibodies. Three sequence variants of the protein were shown to be sufficient to induce bactericidal antibodies against a panel of strains representative of the diversity of serogroup B meningococci. Here, we studied the antigenic and immunogenic properties of GNA 1870, which for convenience was divided into domains A, B, and C. The immune responses of mice immunized with each of the three variants were tested using overlapping peptides scanning the entire protein length and using recombinant fragments. We found that while most of the linear epitopes are located in the A domain, the bactericidal antibodies are directed against conformational epitopes located in the BC domain. This was also confirmed by the isolation of a bactericidal murine monoclonal antibody, which failed to recognize linear peptides on the A, B, and C domains separately but recognized a conformational epitope formed only by the combination of the B and C domains. Arginine in position 204 was identified as important for binding of the monoclonal antibody. The identification of the region containing bactericidal epitopes is an important step in the design of new vaccines against meningococci.
MO‐E‐204C‐05: X‐Ray Luminescence Computed Tomography Via Selective X‐Ray Excitation (2010)

Purpose: X‐ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) is proposed as a new molecular imaging modality for imaging X‐ray‐excitable phosphorescent nanoparticles three‐dimensionally, in living subjects. Some of these nano‐sized particles can emit near‐infrared (NIR) light when excited with X rays and are particularly well suited for in‐vivo biomedical imaging because the signals can propagate long distances in tissue. Method and Materials: The imaging mechanism used in XLCT consists in irradiating the subject using a sequence of programmed X‐ray beams, while sensitive photo‐detectors measure the light coming out of the subject. By restricting the X‐ray excitation to a single, narrow beam of radiation, the origin of the light photons can be inferred regardless of where these photons were detected, and how many times they scattered in tissue. By including an X‐ray detector in the system, anatomical imaging is performed simultaneously with molecular imaging via standard X‐ray computed tomography. The molecular and anatomical images are spatially and temporally co‐registered. Simulations of an XLCT system were performed using an analytical beam model. A preliminary experiment was also conducted using a superficial treatment beam and an EM‐CCD camera. Results: Tracer uptake in a 2 mm‐diameter target can be detected and quantified with sub‐picomolar sensitivity using less than 1 cGy of radiation dose, a result that makes XLCT potentially more sensitive than PET, currently one of the most sensitive molecular imaging modalities. Provided sufficient signal‐to‐noise ratio, the spatial resolution of the system can be made as small as needed by narrowing the beam aperture. In particular, 1 mm uniform spatial resolution was achieved for a 1 mm‐wide X‐ray beam. Images reconstructed from experimental XLCT measurements showed good agreement with the simulation model. Conclusion: Preliminary simulations and experiments show that XLCT is a feasible approach for small objects, such as research animals or dedicated organ imaging.
Purified, Proteolytically Mature HIV Type 1 SOSIP gp140 Envelope Trimers (2007)

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) envelope is a noncovalent trimer of gp120-gp41 heterodimers, and its lability has hindered structural studies. SOSIP gp140 is a soluble, proteolytically mature form of the HIV-1 envelope wherein gp120-gp41 interactions are stabilized via a disulfide bond and gp41 contains an additional trimer-stabilizing point mutation. We describe the isolation of a substantially pure preparation of SOSIP gp140 trimers derived from KNH1144, a subtype A isolate. Following initial purification, the only significant contaminant was higher-order gp140 aggregates; however, 0.05% Tween 20 quantitatively converted these aggregates into trimers. The surfactant effect was rapid, dose dependent, and similarly effective for a subtype B SOSIP gp140. Surfactant-treated SOSIP gp140 retained favorable antigenicity and formed compact trimers 12-13 nm in size as determined by electron microscopy. This report provides the first description of homogeneous, cleaved HIV-1 envelope trimers. These proteins may be useful as vaccine immunogens and for studying structure-function relationships within the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.
Dynamic spectrum managed passive optical networks (2011)

This article introduces the idea of employing dynamic spectrum management to passive optical network systems. The primary motivations of this system are to enhance the bandwidth, split ratio, and loss budget of existing PONs, without mandating the replacement of the ONU and passive optics. The technical issues to be overcome in DSM-PON are considered, including management of the ONUs' spectral distribution and various filter designs. Several system applications of the scheme are suggested that have good practical and economic benefits.
Cryogenic system development and helium behavior study for forced-flow superconducting coils (1985)

In Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), cryogenic technology development is propelled to aim at realization of superconducting coil system for fusion experimental reactor (FER). For this purpose, forced-cooling technology which is one of attractive cooling methods and is expected to use for one of large superconducting coils for fusion is being investigated according to the cryogenic technology development program shown in Fig. 1. JAERI has already constructed and tested three forced-flow generating facilities which are named as forced flow generator (FFG), segment test facility (STF) and forced flow test facility (FFTF). The forced flow generator (FFG) which can provide supercritical helium up to 3 g/s with 8 atm and 4.5 K was firstly fabricated for fundamental investigation of forced-cooling coils and coolant. As the second step, STF and FFTF were constructed in order to investigate coolant, supercritical helium, control technique combined with the helium liquefier/refrigerator. They are designed to have the capacities of flow rate up to 20 g/s and 60 g/s with 15 atm and 4.4 K by adding supercritical heat exchanger to the existing 350-l/h and 1.2-kW helium cryogenic system. Using these facilities, several forced-cooled superconducting coils with cable-in-conduit conductor were tested and the stability characteristics and supercritical helium behavior in the conductor were measured. This paper describes design concept and tested performances for the forced flow facilities, and pressure rise Characteristics of supercritical helium in cable-in-conduit conductors.
Intelligent Multibeam Transmissions for Mission-Oriented Airborne Networks (2018)

By using the multibeam smart antennas (MBSAs), the nodes can form a high-throughput wireless mesh network with concurrent packet delivery in multiple directions. In this paper, a novel medium access control (MAC) scheme is designed for multibeam airborne mesh networks. It has the following two features: First, IEEE 802.11-compatible, interference-minimized channel access via a special two-layer MAC architecture, where the upper-layer MAC supports the concurrent multibeam transmission/reception, and the lower-layer MAC takes advantage of MBSAs; second, adjustment of the parameters of the two MAC layers to support different mission priorities in airborne networks, including the allocation of time slots in the upper layer. The simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed multibeam MAC protocols.