gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular senescence and senescence‐associated T cells as a potential therapeutic target (2019)

More than 50 years ago, Hayflick et al. found that no long-lived, proliferative cells remained in long-term cell culture experiments; this phenomenon is called "cellular senescence." This finding has allowed us to understand basic individual tissue aging and cancer inhibition from the view of cellular aging. Senescent cells survive and accumulate in the body, and secrete various inflammatory cytokines or chemokines, which is different from the cell fate in apoptosis. These phenomena describe the so-called senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis are induced in the surrounding tissue through senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors. For example, senescence-associated T cells are an age-dependent CD4(<sup>+</sup> ) T-cell subpopulation with a PD-1(<sup>+</sup> ) memory phenotype; these cells do not proliferate in response to T-cell receptor stimulation, and produce abundant osteopontin, as well as inflammatory cytokines. Senescence-associated T cells are also increased in adipose tissue under a high-fat diet, which might be related to the progress of obesity or diabetes. These series of findings might allow us to connect senescent cells and tissue aging, leading to individual aging. Interestingly, the depletion of senescent cells in the body, called senolysis, successfully increases lifespan and attenuates age-related diseases. This novel therapy is now moving forward to translational research from the bench toward clinical trials. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 97-100.
Ground or obstacles? Detecting clear paths in vehicle navigation (2015)

Efficient estimation of obstacles is a crucial component in autonomous vehicle navigation. Fusing stereo vision and laser scan data is a widely used approach for obstacle detection and navigation. Stereo vision can detect obstacles and the ground. Planar laser range finders can detect obstacles, but false positives occur when the scans collide with the ground. This paper proposes an algorithm for cooperative fusion of stereo vision and laser data. The algorithm checks the consensus of the two signals before filtering out the false positive laser scans from ground hits. Experimental results for tests in real driving situations in an industrial environment are presented. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for robust and safe navigation.
Architectural framework for large-scale multicast in mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

Emerging ad hoc networks are infrastructure-less networks consisting of wireless devices with various power constraints, capabilities and mobility characteristics. An essential capability in future ad hoc networks is the ability to provide scalable multicast services. This paper presents a novel adaptive architecture to support multicast services in large-scale wide-area ad hoc networks. Existing works on multicast in ad hoc networks address only small size networks. Our main design goals are scalability, robustness and efficiency. We propose a self-configuring hierarchy extending zone-based routing with the notion of contacts based on the small world graphs phenomenon and metrics of stability and mobility. We introduce a new geographic-based multicast address allocation scheme coupled with adaptive anycast based on group popularity. Our scheme promises efficient and robust operation in the common case. Also, based on the new concept of rendezvous regions, we provide a bootstrap mechanism for the multicast service; a challenge generally ignored in previous work.
Invited Paper Capacity Considerations for Uncoordinated Communication in Geographical Spectrum Holes (2009)

Cognitive radio is a new concept of reusing licensed spectrum in an unlicensed manner. The motivation for cognitive radio is various measurements of spectrum utilization, that generally show unused resources in frequency, time and space. These ”spectrum holes ” could be exploited by cognitive radios. Some studies suggest that the spectrum is extremely underutilized, and that these spectrum holes could provide ten times the capacity of all existing wireless devices together. The spectrum could be reused either during time periods where the primary system is not active, or in geographical positions where the primary system is not operating. In this paper, we deal primarily with the concept of geographical reuse, in a frequency-planned primary network. We perform an analysis of the potential for communication in a geographical spectrum hole, and in particular the achievable sum-rate for a secondary network, to some order of magnitude. Simulation results show that a substantial sum-rate could be achieved if the secondary users communicate over small distances. For a small number of secondary
Uncharged positive electrode composition (2023)

An uncharged positive-electrode composition contains particulate lithium sulfide, another alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound other than sulfide, e.g., lithium carbide, and a transition metal powder. The composition along with a binder, such as electrolytic salt or a thermosetting resin is applied onto an electrically conductive substrate to form a plaque. The plaque is assembled as a positive electrode within an electrochemical cell opposite to a negative electrode containing a material such as aluminum or silicon for alloying with lithium. During charging, lithium alloy is formed within the negative electrode and transition metal sulfide such as iron sulfide is produced within the positive electrode. Excess negative electrode capacity over that from the transition metal sulfide is provided due to the electrochemical reaction of the other than sulfide alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound.
On defect interactions in axially loaded single-walled carbon nanotubes (2008)

Despite the unparalleled mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), experiments have revealed large scattering which could be attributed to structural defects. How two neighboring defects may interact and influence the mechanical properties of CNTs is still unclear. Here, interactions between a Stone-Wales (SW) defect pair in axially loaded single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are systematically studied using molecular mechanics. The defect-defect interaction is quantified by the bond with the highest energy, E, which varies in magnitude with respect to the interdefect distance, D. Defect pairs, corresponding to combinations of two types of SW defects (namely, the SW defect of A and B modes) with a different relative orientation angle, ϕ, embedded in SWCNTs of different size and chirality were studied. It is shown from the results that, in general, E varies according to defect pair, and converges to a constant at large D. It is found that the magnitude of E is regulated by the type of defect pair, and the profile of E vs D is modulated by ϕ. In addition, E is also influenced by the tube size and chirality. From all of the cases studied, the largest indifference length, D0, beyond which two neighboring defects do not feel the existence of each other, is found to be approximately 30 Å.
Tumor Necrosis Factor in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Phase II Study (1990)

In a phase II study, the efficacy and toxicity of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rh TNF-alpha) were evaluated in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Rh TNF-alpha was given as short term infusion at a dose of 3 x 10(5) U/m2 on three successive days. Treatment was repeated after a two week interval. The response was evaluated after four treatment cycles. In 15 patients entering the study, we found one partial response, one stable disease, 9 progressive diseases, and four patients who were not evaluable for tumor remission. There were numerous side effects of the treatment, mainly fever, chills, loss of appetite, leukopenia, and hepatotoxicity. In this regimen, rh TNF-alpha does not suggest a therapeutic advantage for treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma.
Application of fuzzy control for self-balancing two-wheel vehicle (2011)

In this paper, we present our developing research that is a low-cost self-balancing two-wheel vehicle where we mainly focus on design of the sensing and control board and the balanced controller. With the considerations of economy, we integrate the sensory systems and the balancing control systems by utilizing an embedded system based on the SUNPLUSTM SPCE061A EMU board and a CPLD, Altera EPM7128SLC84. There are three points for our design. First, since the system is unstable in nature, it can be used as a teaching aid in the control-related courses to demonstrate the design of various control schemes with fuzzy controller. Second, motion with the self-balancing capability is novel and interesting and has potential to be a toy. In addition, this trial can provide a prototype to verify the techniques and allow the possibility for carry one person development of a commercial two-wheel vehicle in the future.
Renal Renin-Angiotensin System (2004)

In order to determine whether the ovarian follicles of the domestic cat which normally ovulates following copulation, were similar to those of the rabbit steroidogenically, the following experiments were carried out. Follicles were dissected out of ovaries from nine estrous cats throughout the year and incubated in medium alone or with luteinizing hormone (LH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Media were removed every 15 min and stored frozen until analyzed for testosterone using established radioimmunoassay procedures. Although LH and HCG caused slight increases in testosterone production the amounts produced were much less than that produced by rabbit follicles under identical conditions. However, when follicles were incubated for a total of 8 h without removal of media, marked changes in testosterone and estradiol production occurred. These data suggest that the ovarian follicles of the estrous cat are steroidogenically active.
Increase in thermal stability induced by organic coatings on nanoparticles (2004)

Based on Lindemann melting criterion and atomic thermal vibration suppression, a thermodynamic model is developed to reveal the mechanism behind the stability of nanoparticles of the smaller size capped with organic molecules. A quantitative description about the increase of the melting temperature of the nanoparticles, due to the interface interaction with organic coatings, is provided by determining the atomic vibrational displacement parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. Furthermore, the minimum crystalline nucleus size of the nanoparticles is calculated by combining Turnbull's classical nuclear theory with the size effect of Gibbs free energy.
The Novel Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency and Yield of the Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis by the Double Conjugate Salts Stress (2020)

To improve sulfuric acid recovery from sodium sulfate wastewater, a lab-scale bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process was used for the treatment of simulated sodium sulfate wastewater. In order to increase the concentration of sulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) generated during the process, a certain concentration of ammonium sulfate solution was added into the feed compartment. To study the influencing factors of sulfuric acid yield, we prepared different concentrations of ammonium sulfate solution, different feed solution volumes, and different membrane configurations in this experiment. As it can be seen from the results, when adding 8% (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> into 15% Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> under the experimental conditions where the current density was 50 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, the concentration of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> increased from 0.89 to 1.215 mol/L, and the current efficiency and energy consumption could be up to 60.12% and 2.59 kWh/kg, respectively. Furthermore, with the increase of the volume of the feed compartment, the concentration of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> also increased. At the same time, the configuration also affects the final concentration of the sulfuric acid; in the BP-A-C-BP ("BP" means bipolar membrane, "A" means anion exchange membrane, and "C" means cation exchange membrane; "BP-A-C-BP" means that two bipolar membranes, an anion exchange membrane, and a cation exchange membrane are alternately arranged to form a repeating unit of the membrane stack) configuration, a higher H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration was generated and less energy was consumed. The results show that the addition of the double conjugate salt is an effective method to increase the concentration of acid produced in the BMED process.
Epsin Binds to Clathrin by Associating Directly with the Clathrin-terminal Domain (2000)

Epsin is a recently identified protein that appears to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The central region of epsin 1, the so-called DPW domain, binds to the heterotetrameric AP-2 adaptor complex by associating directly with the globular appendage of the alpha subunit. We have found that this central portion of epsin 1 also associates with clathrin. The interaction with clathrin is direct and not mediated by epsin-bound AP-2. Alanine scanning mutagenesis shows that clathrin binding depends on the sequence (257)LMDLADV located within the epsin 1 DPW domain. This sequence, related to the known clathrin-binding sequences in the adaptor beta subunits, amphiphysin, and beta-arrestin, facilitates the association of epsin 1 with the terminal domain of the clathrin heavy chain. Unexpectedly, inhibiting the binding of AP-2 to the GST-epsin DPW fusion protein by progressively deleting DPW triplets but leaving the LMDLADV sequence intact, diminishes the association of clathrin in parallel with AP-2. Because the beta subunit of the AP-2 complex also contains a clathrin-binding site, optimal association with soluble clathrin appears to depend on the presence of at least two distinct clathrin-binding sites, and we show that a second clathrin-binding sequence (480)LVDLD, located within the carboxyl-terminal segment of epsin 1, also interacts with clathrin directly. The LMDLADV and LVDLD sequences act cooperatively in clathrin recruitment assays, suggesting that they bind to different sites on the clathrin-terminal domain. The evolutionary conservation of similar clathrin-binding sequences in several metazoan epsin-like molecules suggests that the ability to establish multiple protein-protein contacts within a developing clathrin-coated bud is an important aspect of epsin function.
A possible role of Reproductive homeobox 6 in primordial germ cell differentiation (2011)

Rhox6 is one of the Reproductive Homeobox genes on the X chromosome (Rhox) that is expressed in the placenta and the post-migratory primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the nascent gonad. Despite its novel expression pattern, the significance of Rhox6 expression in the differentiation of these cell types remains unknown. To investigate the role that Rhox6 plays in PGCs, cDNA encoding Rhox6 and short-hairpin (sh) RNA directed against Rhox6 transcripts were introduced by unique expression vectors into a genetically engineered mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) line. This ESC line expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the Oct3/4 promoter, thereby allowing us to monitor the presence of undifferentiated ESCs and PGCs in culture in real time. This ESC line was used to isolate clones that stably expressed Rhox6 cDNA, shRNA against Rhox6 transcripts, or controls. Quantitative RT-PCR results validated that overexpression had been achieved, as well as knockdown of Rhox6 transcripts in these ESC clones. However, these clones exhibited a normal appearance of undifferentiated ESCs and expressed EGFP. Next, these ESC clones were induced to differentiate into PGCs by generating embryoid bodies (EBs) in culture medium without leukemia inhibitory factor. Detection of EGFP expression by fluorescence microscopy and germ cell markers by RT-PCR validated the differentiation of PGCs in EBs. The Rhox6 transgene had little, if any, effect on EGFP expression in EBs, whereas Rhox6 knockdown significantly decreased EGFP expression in EBs. Thus, it is suggested with these results that Rhox6 is necessary for determination of the germ cell lineage.
Effects of the microstructure of solid-electrolyte-coated LiCoO<sub>2</sub> on its discharge properties in all-solid-state lithium batteries (2017)

Li-ion conduction in electrolyte materials and its intercalation properties in active materials are key factors that determine the electrochemical performances of batteries.
Isolation of altered specificity mutants of the single-chain 434 repressor that recognize asymmetric DNA sequences containing the TTAA and TTAC subsites (1999)

A novel single-chain (sc) protein framework containing covalently dimerized DNA-binding domains (DBD) of the phage 434 repressor was used to construct combinatorial mutant libraries in order to isolate mutant DBDs with altered specificities. The library members contain one wild-type DBD and one mutant domain with randomized amino acids in the DNA-contacting region. Based on previous studies, the mutant sc derivatives are expected to recognize a general ACAA-6 bp-NNNN sequence, where ACAA is contacted by the wild-type and NNNN by the mutant domain. In principle, any sequence can stand for NNNN and serve as a selection target. Here an in vivo library screening method was used to isolate mutant sc repressors that interact with an asymmetric operator containing the TTAA target. Several mutants showed high affinity in vitro binding to operators containing the target and strong (up to 80-fold) preference for the TTAA target over the wild-type TTGT. Specificity studies revealed that certain mutants bound with substantially higher affinities (K(d) approximately 10(-11)M) to operators containing the TTAC sequence, a close homolog of the TTAA target. Thus, we have fortuitously isolated mutant sc repressors that show up to a several hundred-fold preference for TTAC over TTGT.
Characterization of Int-5, a locus associated with early events in mammary carcinogenesis. (1991)

Three chemically-induced precancerous mammary hyperplasias, independently isolated in BALB/c mice, all contained mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) proviral DNA integrated into a common region in chromosomal DNA, designated Int-5 (Formerly Int-H, Gray et al., 1986). This site was cloned from a hyperplastic outgrowth (D2) into lambda phage. A 1.7 Kb Hind III DNA fragment, which flanks the 5' end of the MMTV insert, was generated from the cloned Int-5 region. This fragment was used as probe (IH-2) to localize Int-5 to mouse chromosome 9. The IH-2 sequence was highly conserved in DNA of several mammalian species including man, in three other widely divergent vertebrate phyla, and in C. elegans. The Int-5 region, containing 5.6 Kb 5' and 12.8 Kb 3' to the MMTV integration site in D2, was cloned in EMBL-3 from a BALB/c genomic DNA library. cDNA complementary to poly A+ lactating mammary gland RNA, annealed with Sst-1 fragments spanning most of the BALB/c Int-5 clone. The highest level of Int-5 specific poly A+ mRNA was detected in D2 tumor. Lactating mammary gland and D2 hyperplastic alveolar nodule contained 5-fold less Int-5 RNA while liver contained 8-fold less Int-5 RNA. Int-5 cDNA (IH-3) annealed with two RNA species of approximately 3.3 and 4.0 Kb. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that Int-5 contains an oncogene, different from any other previously described, involved in early events in some models of chemical carcinogenesis.
Organ Slice Viability Extended for Pathway Characterization: An in Vitro Model to Investigate Fibrosis (2004)

Liver slice viability is extended to 96 h for rat, expanding the use of this in vitro model for studying mechanisms of injury and repair, including pathways of fibrosis. The contributing factors to increased organ slice survival consist of the use of a preservation solution for liver perfusion and slice preparation, obtaining rats that are within the weight range of 250-325 g, placing a cellulose filter atop the titanium mesh roller-insert to support the slice, and maintaining the slices in an optimized culture medium which is replaced daily. The liver slices remain metabolically active, synthesizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glutathione, and glycogen, and exhibit preserved organelle integrity and slice morphology. Slice preparation results in 2-cut surfaces which likely triggers a repair and regenerative response. The fibrogenic pathways are evident by the activation of stellate cells, the proliferation of myofibroblast-like cells, and an increased collagen deposition by 48 h. Markers indicative of activated stellate cells, alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen 1a1, desmin, and HSP47 are substantiated by real time-PCR. Increased staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin initially around the vessels and by 72-96 h in the tissue is accompanied by increased collagen staining. Microarray gene expression revealed extracellular matrix changes with the up-regulation of cytoskeleton, filaments, collagens, and actin genes; and the down-regulation of genes linked with lipid metabolism. The improvements in extending liver slice survival, in conjunction with its three-dimensional multi-cellular complexity, increases the application of this in vitro model for investigating pathways of injury and repair, and fibrosis.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling: A Convenient Route to Bonds between Main‐Group Elements (2006)

The development of transition-metal-catalyzed dehydrocoupling reactions as a synthetic method for the formation of main-group element-element bonds provides an increasingly attractive and convenient alternative to traditional routes such as salt metathesis/elimination-type reactions. Since the first reported examples in the early 1980s, there has been a rapid expansion of this field, with extensions to a wide variety of metal-mediated homonuclear and heteronuclear bond-forming processes. Applications of this new chemistry in molecular and polymer synthesis, materials science, hydrogen storage and the transfer hydrogenation of organic substrates are attracting growing attention. An overview of this emerging area is presented in this Concepts article with a focus on recent results.