gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemistry of Shape-Controlled Catalysts:  Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Cubic Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

This paper describes the electrochemical behavior of shape controlled, deliberately large Au nanoparticles that have been synthesized using a seed-mediated growth method in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs and selected area electron diffraction patterns revealed 40 nm Au nanoparticles with a preferentially cubic shape suggesting a high amount of (100) surface sites. In situ electrochemical structure-sensitive reactions such as lead underpotential deposition confirm that the surface of the nanoparticles contains a large quantity of wide (100) domains. As a consequence, the nanoparticles showed a very high catalytic activity for the four electron oxygen reduction paths in alkaline media. Thus, water was obtained as the final product of the reaction in the whole potential range, while hydrogen peroxide was obtained only in the lower potential region, in a similar way as reported for Au (100) electrodes.
Pointing system using fingers on keyboard (2008)

Our final goal is to realize a system where the fingers on a keyboard can be used as a mouse. Such a system realizes more smooth operativity because the user needs not to move his/her hand between the keyboard and the mouse. We realized a function to discriminate between “pointing mode” (the mode to move the cursor according to the position of the fingertip) and “character input mode” (the mode to input the character using the keyboard) based on handshape recognition using the image captured by a camera. A mouse click could also be realized by detecting the motion of a thumb in the pointing mode. As a result, a pointing system has been realized where both the pointing operation and the mouse click are possible using the motion of the right hand only on the keyboard.
Using a large projection screen as an alternative to head-mounted displays for virtual environments (2000)

Head-mounted displays for virtual environments facilitate an immersive experience that seems more real than an experience provided by a desk-top monitor [18]; however, the cost of head-mounted displays can prohibit their use. An empirical study was conducted investigating differences in spatial knowledge learned for a virtual environment presented in three viewing conditions: head-mounted display, large projection screen, and desk-top monitor. Participants in each condition were asked to reproduce their cognitive map of a virtual environment, which had been developed during individual exploration of the environment along a predetermined course. Error scores were calculated, indicating the degree to which each participant's map differed from the actual layout of the virtual environment. No statistically significant difference was found between the head-mounted display and large projection screen conditions. An implication of this result is that a large projection screen may be an effective, inexpensive substitute for a head-mounted display.
Selective hydrolysis of unactivated peptide bonds, promoted by platinum(II) complexes anchored to amino acid side chains (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective hydrolysis of unactivated peptide bonds, promoted by platinum(II) complexes anchored to amino acid side chainsIngrid E. Burgeson and Nenad M. KosticCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 23, 4299–4305Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00023a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00023a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bioinspired Actuated Adhesive Patterns of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (2012)

Gecko-inspired arrays of micropillars made of a liquid crystalline elastomer display thermoswitchable adhesive behavior as a consequence of elongation changes caused by reorientation of the mesogens at the nematic-isotropic (N-I) phase transition.
Digitized circular arcs: characterization and parameter estimation (1995)

The digitization of a circular arc causes an inherent loss of geometrical information. Arcs with slightly different local curvature or position may lead to exactly the same digital pattern. In this paper the authors give a characterization of all centers and radii of circular arcs yielding the same digitization pattern. The radius of the arcs varies over the set. However, only one curvature or radius estimate can be assigned to the digital pattern. The authors derive an optimal estimator and give expressions for the bound on the precision of estimation. This bound due to digitization is the deterministic equivalent of the Cramer/Rao bound known from parameter estimation theory. Consider the estimation of the local curvature and local radius of a smooth object. Typically such parameters are estimated by moving a window along the digital boundary. Methods in literature show a poor precision in estimating curvature values, relative errors of over 40% are often found. From the definition of curvature it follows that locally the curve can be considered a circular arc and hence the method presented in this paper can be applied to the pattern in the window giving estimates with optimal precision and a measure for the remaining error. On the practical side the authors present examples of the residual error due to the discrete grid. The estimation of the radius or curvature of a circular arc at random position with an estimation window containing 10 points (coded with nine Freemancodes) has a relative deviation exceeding 2%. For a full disk the deviation is below 1% when the radius r exceeds four grid units. The presented method is particularly useful for problems where some prior knowledge on the distribution of radii is known and where there is a noise-free sampling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Artwork Identification for 360-Degree Panoramic Images Using Polyhedron-Based Rectilinear Projection and Keypoint Shapes (2017)

With the increased development of 360-degree production technologies, artwork has recently been photographed without authorization. To prevent this infringement, we propose an artwork identification methodology for 360-degree images. We transform the 360-degree image into a three-dimensional sphere and wrap it with a polyhedron. On the sphere, several points are located on the polyhedron to determine the width, height, and direction of the rectilinear projection. The 360-degree image is divided and transformed into several rectilinear projected images to reduce the adverse effects from the distorted panoramic image. We also propose a method for improving the identification precision of artwork located at a highly distorted position using the difference of keypoint shapes. After applying the proposed methods, identification precision is increased by 45% for artwork that is displayed on a 79-inch monitor in a seriously distorted position with features that were generated by scale-invariant feature transformations.
Structure‐Based Design of Inhibitors of the Aspartic Protease Endothiapepsin by Exploiting Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry (2014)

Structure-based design (SBD) can be used for the design and/or optimization of new inhibitors for a biological target. Whereas de novo SBD is rarely used, most reports on SBD are dealing with the optimization of an initial hit. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) has emerged as a powerful strategy to identify bioactive ligands given that it enables the target to direct the synthesis of its strongest binder. We have designed a library of potential inhibitors (acylhydrazones) generated from five aldehydes and five hydrazides and used DCC to identify the best binder(s). After addition of the aspartic protease endothiapepsin, we characterized the protein-bound library member(s) by saturation-transfer difference NMR spectroscopy. Cocrystallization experiments validated the predicted binding mode of the two most potent inhibitors, thus demonstrating that the combination of de novo SBD and DCC constitutes an efficient starting point for hit identification and optimization.
How to Break Access Control in a Controlled Manner (2006)

The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) integrates heterogeneous information within a Healthcare Institution stressing the need for security and access control. The Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department from Porto Faculty of Medicine has recently implemented a Virtual EMR (VEMR) in order to integrate patient information and clinical reports within a university hospital. With more than 500 medical doctors using the system on a daily basis, an access control policy and model were implemented. However, the healthcare environment has unanticipated situations (i.e. emergency situations) where access to information is essential. Most traditional policies do not allow for overriding. A policy that allows for "Break-The-Glass (BTG)" was implemented in order to override access control whilst providing for non-repudiation mechanisms for its usage. The policy was easily integrated within the model confirming its modularity and the fact that user intervention in defining security procedures is crucial to its successful implementation and use.
<title>Hybrid diffractive refractive broadband design in visible wavelength region</title> (1996)

The diffractive optical element (DOE) is modeled as an aspherical thin lens with infinitely large index which can be implemented in commercial lens design software. The corresponding relation between the aspherical coefficient and the DOE phase profile is studied. Broad-band achromatic doublet and triplet designs in the visible wavelength region are discussed to show the design principles. Trade-offs using hybrid doublet or triplet to correct chromatic aberrations are analyzed. In addition, third order aberrations and design freedoms of the DOE and refractive glass thin lenses are compared. For a hybrid design with DOE lens required to be hosted on a flat surface, it is shown that the glass selection for the hosting lens can be used to reduce coma and maintain the same image qualities as the all glass design. Finally, a hybrid 20X 0.5 microscope objective lens is designed and compared with the all refractive optical element design, both approaches achieve similar imaging qualities. It is shown that the hybrid design approach reduces the number of optical elements, other advantages of this design include no high dispersion glasses used and a much more compact optical system.
Reduced Rates of Gene Loss, Gene Silencing, and Gene Mutation in <i>Dnmt1</i>-Deficient Embryonic Stem Cells (2001)

Tumor suppressor gene inactivation is a crucial event in oncogenesis. Gene inactivation mechanisms include events resulting in loss of heterozygosity (LOH), gene mutation, and transcriptional silencing. The contribution of each of these different pathways varies among tumor suppressor genes and by cancer type. The factors that influence the relative utilization of gene inactivation pathways are poorly understood. In this study, we describe a detailed quantitative analysis of the three major gene inactivation mechanisms for a model gene at two different genomic integration sites in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. In addition, we targeted the major DNA methyltransferase gene, Dnmt1, to investigate the relative contribution of DNA methylation to these various competing gene inactivation pathways. Our data show that gene loss is the predominant mode of inactivation of a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase neomycin phosphotransferase reporter gene (HSV-TKNeo) at the two integration sites tested and that this event is significantly reduced in Dnmt1-deficient cells. Gene silencing by promoter methylation requires Dnmt1, suggesting that the expression of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b alone in ES cells is insufficient to achieve effective gene silencing. We used a novel assay to show that missense mutation rates are also substantially reduced in Dnmt1-deficient cells. This is the first direct demonstration that DNA methylation affects point mutation rates in mammalian cells. Surprisingly, the fraction of CpG transition mutations was not reduced in Dnmt1-deficient cells. Finally, we show that methyl group-deficient growth conditions do not cause an increase in missense mutation rates in Dnmt1-proficient cells, as predicted by methyltransferase-mediated mutagenesis models. We conclude that Dnmt1 deficiency and the accompanying genomic DNA hypomethylation result in a reduction of three major pathways of gene inactivation in our model system.
SHALLOW DOPING PROFILES FOR HIGH-SPEED BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS (1988)

Within the framework of a double polysilicon self-aligned bipolar technology shallow base widths WB for npn transistors were obtained by low-energy implantation of boron into either crystalline Si (WB = 150 nm), preamorphized Si (WB = 125 nm) or by diffusing boron out of polysilicon (WB= 85 nm). Rapid thermal processing was used for the emitter drive-in. A transit frequency of 22 GHz was achieved for WB = 85 nm. Comparison with one-dimensional calculations indicates the potential of further enhancement of intrinsic device speed by optimization of the proposed technological approaches.
Reliability of standard pupillometry practice in neurocritical care: an observational, double-blinded study (2016)

Standard practice in pupillary monitoring yields inaccurate data. Automated quantitative pupillometry is a more reliable method with which to collect pupillary measurements at the bedside.
<i>Legionella</i> and Legionnaires' Disease: 25 Years of Investigation (2002)

There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after it was first detected. The causative agents, legionellae, are freshwater bacteria with a fascinating ecology. These bacteria are intracellular pathogens of freshwater protozoa and utilize a similar mechanism to infect human phagocytic cells. There have been major advances in delineating the pathogenesis of legionellae through the identification of genes which allow the organism to bypass the endocytic pathways of both protozoan and human cells. Other bacteria that may share this novel infectious process are Coxiella burnetti and Brucella spp. More than 40 species and numerous serogroups of legionellae have been identified. Most diagnostic tests are directed at the species that causes most of the reported human cases of legionellosis, L. pneumophila serogroup 1. For this reason, information on the incidence of human respiratory disease attributable to other species and serogroups of legionellae is lacking. Improvements in diagnostic tests such as the urine antigen assay have inadvertently caused a decrease in the use of culture to detect infection, resulting in incomplete surveillance for legionellosis. Large, focal outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease continue to occur worldwide, and there is a critical need for surveillance for travel-related legionellosis in the United States. There is optimism that newly developed guidelines and water treatment practices can greatly reduce the incidence of this preventable illness.
Issues on Heavy Mass Energy Storage with Vertical Movement by Linear Machine (2019)

When one mover coil experiences transition between magnetic and non-magnetic stator layers in a heavy mass energy storage system, its current needs be reduced to zero. To produce the same amount of uplifting electromagnetic forces, the currents flowing through other mover coils need be increased. To facilitate such a change of current from one value to the other, pulse high voltage needs be produced. This paper presents a method to synthesize the driving voltages for producing targeted currents flowing through the mover circuits. Such voltage waveforms are generated from multiple stage cascaded H-bridge DC/AC converters. Furthermore this paper shows an approximate method for calculating reluctance and inductance for each of mover coils. If only one group of continuous coils is adopted, the total reluctance force of the mover fluctuates when it moves along the vertical passage. By using second group of mover coils that separates from the first group of coils by an odd number of one stator layer height, the reluctance forces from two groups of coils can cancel each other effectively. Moreover, a pair of system plus super-capacitor based energy buffer is adopted to ensure nearly constant power exchange between power grid and heavy mass system. This paper also presented a MagLev linear machine modified from the vertical one for horizontal driving application.
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of an Archaeal ParA Protein (2015)

<p>DNA partition or segregation is the process that ensures the stable inheritance of genomic material. The majority of the bacterial plasmid and some chromosomal partition systems utilize ParA Walker-box-based partition systems. These systems require three components: a DNA centromere site, the ParA ATPase, and the ParB centromere binding protein. ParB binds to the centromere to form the partition complex, which then recruits the motor protein ParA. ParA mediates the partition of replicated DNA by a still poorly understood mechanism. Notably, recent data indicates that ParA Walker-box-based partition systems are employed not only by bacterial plasmids and chromosomes but also DNA elements in archaea. The work in this thesis focused on a homolog of the ParA protein from the first identified archaeal plasmid partition system, located on the plasmid pNOB8. pNOB8 plasmid is harbored in the thermophilic archaeaon, Sulfolobus solfataricus. The goals of this work were to structurally and biochemically characterize the ParA homolog to gain insights into its function.</p><p>Towards these goals, the structure of the ParA homolog was solved by X-ray crystallography in its apo and ADP bound states to resolutions of 2.45 Å and 2.73 Å, respectively. The overall structure was similar to bacterial ParA proteins. We next demonstrated that, similar to bacterial ParA proteins, this ParA homolog harbored ATP-dependent nonspecific DNA capabilities by using fluorescence polarization based DNA binding assays. By mutating the residues in the deviant Walker A motif, we were able to demonstrate the importance of ATP binding in its DNA binding function. Moreover, characterization of ATP and ADP binding were performed using ITC. Finally, we observed that ParA was able to form polymers in the presence of ATP, using negative stain electron microscopy. Our findings provide evidence that ParA Walker-box-based partition systems, which are the most common systems in bacteria, appear to also be found in archaea.</p>
<b>A stringently controlled expression system for analysing lateral gene transfer between bacteria</b> (1996)

The lateral transfer of genetic information among microorganisms is a major force driving the outstanding adaptability of microbial communities to environmental changes. Until now little information has been obtained on gene transfer in natural ecosystems. We present here a genetic circuit for detecting and quantifying horizontal gene transfer from a defined donor microorganism to recipient organisms in the absence of selection for a recipient‐specific phenotype. The system consists of an engineered lacZ (encoding β‐galactosidase) reporter gene whose expression is controlled by a synthetic regulatory element based on a fusion between the Pr promoter‐operator from lambda bacteriophage and the 5′ non‐coding leader region of the tnp gene encoding the IS10 transposase function. Expression of this reporter cassette in the recombinant microorganism is completely shut down by two chromosomally encoded trans‐acting repressors working at the level of transcription (the CI‐EK117 protein from the lambda phage), and at the level of translation (the antisense RNA‐OUT of the IS10 element). When the reporter element is transferred to a different host by any mechanism, it escapes repression and becomes expressed. The system was validated with Pseudo‐monas putida, and conjugational transfer frequencies of the reporter element as low as 10 −6 were detected. The modular design and broad host range of the genetic circuit, in combination with biomarkers which permit real‐time in situ detection, will facilitate the monitor‐ing of gene flow in a non‐disruptive manner within the environment.
Improving Semantic Image Segmentation by Object Localization (2018)

Semantic segmentation is about classifying every pixel in an image. In recent years, methods based on Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) have dominated this field in terms of segmentation accuracy. We are interested in tackling the challenges that these methods are faced with. First, it is expensive to acquire pixel level labels to train the network. Second, FCN often has trouble with data that present imbalanced positive and negative samples. This issue often comes up in domains such as medical imaging and satellite imagery analysis, where the object of interest can be very small. The large number of negative samples can overwhelm the positive samples during training, leading to a biased representation learned by the network. In this thesis, we investigate how an object localization mechanism can address these two challenges. We propose an end-to-end neural network that improves the segmentation accuracy of FCN by incorporating an object localization unit. This network performs object localization first, which is then used as a cue to guide the training of the segmentation network. The two steps share convolutional features. This allows us to leverage object detection labels to help with the training of the segmentation network, alleviating the need for large-scale pixel level labels. To avoid applying max pooling on object proposals that limits the spatial accuracy, we introduce a new type of convolutional layer named ROI convolution. It applies convolution directly on the object proposals in one shot, without the need of passing them individually through the downstream network. We show that this layer is differentiable therefore allowing the network to be trained end-to-end. To demonstrate the efficacy of our method, we apply it to the problem of medical image segmentation. With the object localization unit, our method performs well despite the high class imbalance and it outperforms existing methods on small object segmentation. To understand further about the proposed method and the impact of ROI convolution, we also conducted ablation studies and experimented on an endoscopic image dataset with balanced data.