gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The nature of the atrial receptors responsible for a reflex decrease in activity in renal nerves in the dog (1980)

1. In dogs anaesthetized with chloralose, distension of small balloons in the pulmonary vein-atrial junctions and left atrial appendage, to stimulate left atrial receptors, caused a reduction in activity in efferent renal nerves. This response was maintained during distension of the balloons for 30 min periods.2. In a second group of dogs, cooling the cervical vagi in steps reduced the magnitude of the response in renal nerves. In seven dogs, the response in fourteen preparations of renal nerves was slightly reduced with the vagi at 18 degrees C and markedly reduced or abolished at 12 degrees C. The effect of cooling the vagi was the same as the previously shown effect of cooling on the increase in activity in myelinated afferent vagal fibres during similar stimulation of atrial receptors.3. In a third group of dogs, the cervical vagi were cooled to 9 degrees C. In six dogs, fifty-four preparations of renal nerves showed no significant response to distension of the balloons.4. In a fourth group of dogs, both vagi were sectioned in the neck. In three dogs, twenty-four preparations of renal nerves then showed no response to distension of the balloons.5. It is concluded that the reduction in activity in efferent renal nerves during distension of small balloons in the pulmonary vein-atrial junctions and left atrial appendage involves only atrial receptors discharging into myelinated vagal fibres.
On The Engineering of a Stable Force-Directed Placer (2004)

Analytic and force-directed placement methods that simultaneously minimize wire length and spread cells are receiving renewed attention from both academia and industry. However, these methods are by no means trivial to implement---to date, published works have failed to provide sufficient engineering details to replicate results. \nThis dissertation addresses the implementation of a generic force-directed placer entitled FDP. Specifically, this thesis provides (1) a description of efficient force computation for spreading cells, (2) an illustration of numerical instability in this method and a means to avoid the instability, (3) metrics for measuring cell distribution throughout the placement area, and (4) a complementary technique that aids in minimizing wire length. FDP is compared to Kraftwerk and other leading academic tools including Capo, Dragon, and mPG for both standard cell and mixed-size circuits. Wire lengths produced by FDP are found to be, on average, up to 9% and 3% better than Kraftwerk and Capo, respectively. All told, this thesis confirms the validity and applicability of the approach, and provides clarifying details of the intricacies surrounding the implementation of a force-directed global placer.
ATP and A1 adenosine receptor agonists mobilize intracellular calcium and activate K+ and Cl- currents in normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. (1993)

The effect of purinergic compounds on [Ca2+]i and membrane currents of cell lines derived from the airway epithelium of normal and cystic fibrosis individuals has been investigated. 2-Chloroadenosine (2-CADO), as well as other agonists of the A1 adenosine receptors, causes a transient elevation of cytosolic [Ca2+] that is antagonized by the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3 dipropylxanthine (DPCPX). ATP is also effective, but at a lower extent. The [Ca2+]i increase induced by 2-CADO and ATP is abolished by preincubation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin. This latter result suggests that purinergic agonists mobilize Ca2+ from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores. Pertussis toxin completely inhibits the effect of 2-CADO, whereas only it partially affects that of ATP, suggesting the involvement of different types of G proteins. Perforated patch clamp experiments carried out in both current clamp and voltage clamp modes show that 2-CADO and ATP activate K(+)- and Cl(-)-selective membrane currents, with a mechanism inhibited by preincubation with DPCPX and thapsigargin. These data indicate that activation of adenosine A1 receptor, in a similar way to ATP receptor, causes [Ca2+]i increase and ion channels activation through a transduction mechanism that is not impaired in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.
Distributed load balancing allocation of virtual machine in cloud data center (2012)

In cloud computing, the system should avoid wasting resources as a result of under-utilization and avoid lengthy response times as a result of over-utilization. Recent research has focused on the globally optimal solution in virtualized data centers. However, the globally optimal solution makes a lot of unnecessary migrations and cannot work in a large-scale cloud computing environment. In this paper, we propose a new model for distributed load balancing allocation of virtual machine in cloud data center using the TOPSIS method. Results show that our system can achieve better load balancing in a large-scale cloud computing environment with less VM migration.
Mapping of Academic Procrastination and Self-trusted Public Education (2021)

Academic procrastination behavior often occurs, will cause problems of lack of discipline, low motivation, and depletion of self-confidence. Self-confidence is a very important factor for students, because the attitude of self-confidence will make students feel that there is confidence in their abilities, optimism, objectivity, responsibility, rationality and reality, which then feel able or not to do academic tasks that become performance. The results of the level of self-confidence of students of the Community Education Study Program, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Riau University are at a moderate level. Academic procrastination of students of the community education study program, Faculty of Education and teacher training, University of Riau is at a moderate level. There is a significant relationship between self-confidence and academic procrastination of community education study program students.Keywords: Academic procrastination behavior, self-confidence,
Clinical Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Correlation with Morphological Cross-Sectional Imaging (2000)

Clinical Positron Emission Tomography will help nuclear medicine specialists, radiologists, and neuroradiologists incorporate PET into daily clinical practice. Experts from one of the world's foremost PET centers explain the clinical uses and benefits of PET in conjunction with cross-sectional imaging modalities such as MRI and CT. Discussions focus on specific applications -- diagnosing and staging tumors, detecting infections, evaluating cerebral diseases, and assessing cardiac function. Key information on the financial aspects of PET helps readers make smart, cost-effective decisions about this re-emerging modality.
A New Objective Digital Computerized Vision Screening System (1999)

This automated digital imaging screening system eliminates human bias and provides accurate and immediate results. The system requires no special expertise.
Research on OPC UA security (2010)

OPC Unified architectures (OPC UA) is a new software interface specification and application framework based on web service for plant automation systems which communicate with each other over the internet. The security issue holds the key to its development for technology feature based on web service. In this paper, the OPC UA security issues are discussed from the two views of network environment security and communication security in OPC UA applications. The network security deployment solution based on distributed firewall was proposed to ensure the host of OPC UA server and client against the different attacks. Sequentially the improved OPC UA security model based on the existing model was presented. A security strategy management module was added into the model, by configuring the module, the security characteristic of OPC UA applications system can adapt to the different security level. At last the information model of the security model is designed. By the above means, the OPC UA communication security and communication efficiency can be balanced better, and it provides the guideline for the development of OPC UA server and the OPC UA applications.
Essential Oils of<i>Curcuma longa</i>L. from Bhutan (1997)

Abstract The essential oils of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) were isolated from its rhizomes and leaves by hydrodistillation. The oils were analyzed by high resolution GC and GC/MS. The rhizome oils contained more than 40 constituents, of which the major ones were α-turmerone (30–32%), ar-turmerone (17–26%) and β-turmerone (15–18%). The leaf oil contained about 60 compounds and the main constituents were α-phellandrene (18.2%), 1,8-cineole (14.6%) and p-cymene (13.3%).
The path of malaria vaccine development: challenges and perspectives (2014)

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus. In many parts of the world, the parasites have developed resistance to a number of antimalarial agents. Key interventions to control malaria include prompt and effective treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapies, use of insecticidal nets by individuals at risk and active research into malaria vaccines. Protection against malaria through vaccination was demonstrated more than 30 years ago when individuals were vaccinated via repeated bites by Plasmodium falciparum-infected and irradiated but still metabolically active mosquitoes. However, vaccination with high doses of irradiated sporozoites injected into humans has long been considered impractical. Yet, following recent success using whole-organism vaccines, the approach has received renewed interest; it was recently reported that repeated injections of irradiated sporozoites increased protection in 80 vaccinated individuals. Other approaches include subunit malaria vaccines, such as the current leading candidate RTS,S (consisting of fusion between a portion of the P. falciparum-derived circumsporozoite protein and the hepatitis B surface antigen), which has been demonstrated to induce reasonably good protection. Although results have been encouraging, the level of protection is generally considered to be too low to achieve eradication of malaria. There is great interest in developing new and better formulations and stable delivery systems to improve immunogenicity. In this review, we will discuss recent strategies to develop efficient malaria vaccines.
The Biology of Serotonin Receptors: Focus on Migraine Pathophysiology and Treatment (1999)

Serotonin receptors are highly heterogeneous and they have been regrouped within seven different families (5-HT1-5-HT7). With the exception of the 5-HT3 which is a ligand-gated ion channel, all others are G-protein coupled receptors with each family sharing structural, pharmacological and transductional characteristics. 5-HT receptors have been implicated in the regulation of several psychiatric and neurological disorders related to serotonergic neurotransmission, and specific receptor subtypes have recently been associated with either the pathogenesis or the treatment of migraine headache. In this respect, activation of vascular 5-HT2B and/or 5-HT7 receptors, possibly as a consequence of the sudden rise in 5-HT levels reported at the onset of a migraine attack, would hypothetically result in dilation of cerebral blood vessels and concomitant activation of sensory trigeminovascular afferents, hence initiating the manifestation of head pain. At this stage in the migraine process, activation of specific subtypes of 5-HT1 receptors has proven clinically effective in relieving migraine pain. Neural 5-HT1D and/or 5-HT1F receptors localized pre-junctionally on trigeminovascular afferents appear to mediate the triptan-induced inhibition of the neurogenic inflammatory response, with possible additional sites of action for brain penetrant 5-HT1 receptor agonists in inhibiting the transmission of pain centrally. In contrast, activation of vascular 5-HT1B receptors would constrict meningeal vessels hence recovering their pre-migraine diameter. The recent availability of subtype selective 5-HT1D and 5-HT1F receptor agonists should allow a further test of the neural/vascular hypothesis and could possibly lead to antimigraine drugs with a safer cardiovascular profile.
Potential-Assisted Adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin onto Optically Transparent Carbon Electrodes (2013)

This article describes the effect of the applied potential on the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to optically transparent carbon electrodes (OTCE). To decouple the effect of the applied potential from the high affinity of the protein for the bare surface, the surface of the OTCE was initially saturated with a layer of BSA. Experiments described in the article show that potential values higher than +500 mV induced a secondary adsorption process (not observed at open-circuit potential), yielding significant changes in the thickness (and adsorbed amount) of the BSA layer obtained. Although the process showed a significant dependence on the experimental conditions selected, the application of higher potentials, selection of pH values around the isoelectric point (IEP) of the protein, high concentrations of protein, and low ionic strengths yielded faster kinetics and the accumulation of larger amounts of protein on the substrate. These experiments, obtained around the IEP of the protein, contrast with the traditional hypothesis that enhanced electrostatic interactions between the polarized substrate and the (oppositely charged) protein are solely responsible for the enhanced adsorption. These results suggest that the potential applied to the electrode is able to polarize the adsorbed layer and induce dipole-dipole interactions between the adsorbed and the incoming protein. This mechanism could be responsible for the potential-dependent oversaturation of the surface and could bolster to the development of surfaces with enhanced catalytic activity and implants with improved biocompatibility.
Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase Type IV Suppresses Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication and Cytokine Production in Primary T Cells: Involvement of NF-κB and NFAT (1998)

Rolipram, a phosphosdiesterase type IV-specific inhibitor, prevented p24 antigen release from anti-CD3-activated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected T cells and CD4(+)-cell depletion associated with viral replication in a dose-responsive manner but minimally inhibited T-cell proliferation. Moreover, rolipram reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) by HIV-infected T cells. The transcriptional ability of a luciferase reporter gene under control of the HIV long terminal repeat, induced by phorbol myristic acetate plus ionomycin or by TNF-alpha, in primary T and Jurkat cells was also inhibited by rolipram. Rolipram inhibited NF-kappaB and NFAT activation induced by T-cell activation in Jurkat and primary T cells, as measured by transient transfection of reporter genes and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Exogenous addition of TNF-alpha in the presence of rolipram restored NF-kappaB but not NFAT activation or p24 release. Addition of dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) mimicked the effects of rolipram on p24 antigen release, NF-kappaB activation, and TNF-alpha secretion, but it did not affect NFAT activation or IL-10 production. The protein kinase A inhibitor KT5720 prevented the inhibition of TNF-alpha secretion but not that of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication caused by rolipram. Our data indicate that blockade of phosphodiesterase type IV could be of benefit against HIV-1 disease by modulating cytokine secretion and transcriptional regulation of HIV replication, and they suggest an important role of NFAT in HIV replication in primary T cells. Some of those activities cannot be ascribed solely to its ability to increase cAMP.
Tolerance and Safety of Nifurtimox in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease (2010)

Nifurtimox is poorly tolerated among adults with chronic Chagas disease, resulting in a low treatment completion rate. Considering the significant risk of serious AEs, close monitoring is required, which may be difficult to implement in poor rural areas of countries of endemicity. The safety and efficacy of nifurtimox and benznidazole should be compared to improve current therapeutic recommendations, and pharmacovigilance systems should be enhanced.
Band-structure parameters and Fermi resonances of exciton-polaritons in CsI and CsBr under hydrostatic pressure (2006)

Most alkali halides crystallize in the fcc sodium chloride structure. In contrast, with the exception of CsF, the Cs-halides form the simple cubic cesium chloride (CsCl) structure at ambient conditions and they have a substantially different electronic structure than other alkali halides; in particular, they have several nearly degenerate electronic levels near the Brillouin zone center. Highly resolved three-photon spectroscopy (TPS) measurements allow direct observation of the near band edge structure and, in the case of CsI, probe more states than one-photon techniques. A number of interesting phenomena, among them level repulsion (Fermi resonance), occur as these levels are tuned through one another by application of hydrostatic pressure. Doubling the photon energy range compared to a previous publication [see Yoo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 84, 3875 (2000)] allows direct observation of the $n=1$, 2, and 3 exciton-polariton members of the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}^{\ensuremath{-}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}^{+}$ transition in CsI and lets us establish unambiguous values for the band gap $(6.135\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})$, binding energy $(0.263\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})$, and their pressure dependence up to $7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kbar}$. Similarly to CsI, the CsBr linewidth of the lowest ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ polariton $(A)$ decreases upon compression and its bandgap must be higher than $7.20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$.
BPE-Dropout: Simple and Effective Subword Regularization (2020)

Subword segmentation is widely used to address the open vocabulary problem in machine translation. The dominant approach to subword segmentation is Byte Pair Encoding (BPE), which keeps the most frequent words intact while splitting the rare ones into multiple tokens. While multiple segmentations are possible even with the same vocabulary, BPE splits words into unique sequences; this may prevent a model from better learning the compositionality of words and being robust to segmentation errors. So far, the only way to overcome this BPE imperfection, its deterministic nature, was to create another subword segmentation algorithm In contrast, we show that BPE itself incorporates the ability to produce multiple segmentations of the same word. We introduce BPE-dropout -simple and effective subword regularization method based on and compatible with conventional BPE. It stochastically corrupts the segmentation procedure of BPE, which leads to producing multiple segmentations within the same fixed BPE framework. Using BPE-dropout during training and the standard BPE during inference improves translation quality up to 2.3 BLEU compared to BPE and up to 0.9 BLEU compared to the previous subword regularization.
Improving the Developability of an Antigen Binding Fragment by Aspartate Substitutions (2019)

Aggregation can be a major challenge in the development of antibody-based pharmaceuticals as it can compromise the quality of the product during bioprocessing, formulation, and drug administration. To avoid aggregation, developability assessment is often run in parallel with functional optimization in the early screening phases to flag and deselect problematic molecules. As developability assessment can be demanding with regard to time and resources, there is a high focus on the development of molecule design strategies for engineering molecules with a high developability potential. Previously, Dudgeon et al. [(2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 10879-10884] demonstrated how Asp substitutions at specific positions in human variable domains and single-chain variable fragments could decrease the aggregation propensity. Here, we have investigated whether these Asp substitutions would improve the developability potential of a murine antigen binding fragment (Fab). A full combinatorial library consisting of 393 Fab variants with single, double, and triple Asp substitutions was first screened in silico with Rosetta; thereafter, 26 variants with the highest predicted thermodynamic stability were selected for production. All variants were subjected to a set of developability studies. Interestingly, most variants had thermodynamic stability on par with or improved relative to that of the wild type. Twenty-five of the variants exhibited improved nonspecificity. Half of the variants exhibited improved aggregation resistance. Strikingly, while we observed remarkable improvement in the developability potential, the Asp substitutions had no substantial effect on the antigenic binding affinity. Altogether, by combining the insertion of negative charges and the in silico screen based on computational models, we were able to improve the developability of the Fab rapidly.
On the relation between entropy and energy versions of thermodynamic length (1984)

The second derivative matrices of internal energy or of entropy may be used to define a metric structure on the set of equilibrium states of a thermodynamic system. When expressed relative to the same coordinates, the metric matrices are proportional to each other with constant of proportionality given by the negative of the absolute temperature. This establishes the conformal equivalence of the two metric structures.
Construction of 1,3-Oxathiane Ring through Pummerer Reaction of .GAMMA.,.DELTA.-Unsaturated Sulfinyl Compounds. (1997)

Several γ, δ-unsaturated sulfinyl compounds were prepared and their reactions with p-toluenesulfonic acid were examined. Conformationally rigid γ, δ-unsaturated sulfinyl compounds such as endo-(alkylsulfinyl)norbornene or 1-(alkylsulfinyl)-2-isopropenylbenzene derivatives afforded 1, 3-oxathianes through intramolecular Pummerer rearrangement.
MicroRNAs as potential therapeutics to enhance chemosensitivity in advanced prostate cancer (2018)

Docetaxel and cabazitaxel are taxane chemotherapy treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, therapeutic resistance remains a major issue. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that can silence multiple genes, regulating several signalling pathways simultaneously. Therefore, synthetic microRNAs may have therapeutic potential in CRPC by regulating genes involved in taxane response and minimise compensatory mechanisms that cause taxane resistance. To identify microRNAs that can improve the efficacy of taxanes in CRPC, we performed a genome-wide screen of 1280 microRNAs in the CRPC cell lines PC3 and DU145 in combination with docetaxel or cabazitaxel treatment. Mimics of miR-217 and miR-181b-5p enhanced apoptosis significantly in PC3 cells in the presence of these taxanes. These mimics downregulated at least a thousand different transcripts, which were enriched for genes with cell proliferation and focal adhesion functions. Individual knockdown of a selection of 46 genes representing these transcripts resulted in toxic or taxane sensitisation effects, indicating that these genes may be mediating the effects of the microRNA mimics. A range of these genes are expressed in CRPC metastases, suggesting that these microRNA mimics may be functional in CRPC. With further development, these microRNA mimics may have therapeutic potential to improve taxane response in CRPC patients.