gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the selective coagulation process (1992)

The selective hydrophobic coagulation (SHC) process is based on the recent finding that hydrophobic particles can be selectively coagulated without using traditional agglomerating agents or flocculants. The driving force for the coagulation is the attractive energy between hydrophobic surfaces, an interaction that has been overlooked in classical colloid chemistry. In most cases, selective separations can be achieved using simple pH control to disperse the mineral matter, followed by recovery of the coal coagula using techniques that take advantage of the size enlargement. In the present work, studies have been carried out to further investigate the fundamental mechanisms of the SHC process and the parameters that affect the process of separating coal from the ash-forming minerals and pyritic sulfur. Studies have included direct force measurements of the attractive interaction between model hydrophobic surfaces, in-situ measurements of the size distributions of coagula formed under a variety of operating conditions, and development of a population balance model to describe the coagulation process. An extended DLVO colloid stability model which includes a hydrophobic interaction energy term has also been developed to explain the findings obtained from the experimental studies. In addition to the fundamental studies, bench-scale process development test work has been performed to establish the best possible method of separating the coagula from dispersed mineral matter. Two types of separators, i.e., a sedimentation tank and a rotating drum screen, were examined in this study. The sedimentation tank proved to be the more efficient unit, achieving ash reductions as high as 60% in a single pass while recovering more than 90% of the combustible material. This device, which minimizes turbulence and coagula breakage, was used in subsequent test work to optimize design and operating parameters.
Cause Points Analysis for Effective Handling of Alarms (2016)

Static analysis tools are widely used in practice to improve the quality and reliability of software through early detection of defects. However, the number of alarms generated is a major concern because of the cost incurred in their manual inspection required to partition them into true errors and false positives. In this paper, we propose a static analysis to identify the causes of alarms generated by a client static analysis. This simplifies the manual inspections and reduces the cost involved. The proposed analysis involves the following: (1) modeling the basic reasons for alarms as alarm cause points of several types, (2) ranking these cause points based on three different metrics, (3) a workflow in which a user answers queries about the cause points and the answers are used in subsequent round of the client analysis. The collaboration between the user and the client analysis helps the tool to resolve the unknowns encountered during the analysis and weeding out the alarms. It also helps the user expedite the manual inspections of alarms. Further, the ranking of cause points helps to prioritize the alarms. Our experimental evaluation in several settings demonstrated that the proposed approach (a) reduces manual effort by 23% to 72% depending on various parameters, with an average reduction of 42%, and (b) is also effective in identifying the alarms that are more likely to be true errors.
Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells combined with parathyroid hormone therapy synergistically regenerates multiple rib fractures (2017)

Administration of both hMSCs and PTH worked synergistically in rib fracture healing, suggesting this approach may pave the way to treat multiple rib fractures as well as additional fractures in various anatomical sites.
Rate-distortion optimized data partitioning for video using backward adaptation (2003)

While data partitioning, in conjunction with unequal error protection, provides superb error resiliency, insufficient video quality when only the base partition is available prevents its wide deployment in high-quality video applications. We develop a new scheme for data partitioning of motion-compensated DCT coded video in an operational rate-distortion context. Unlike the conventional data partitioning scheme, which adapts the DCT break points at slice or video packet level, our new partitioning algorithm adapts the partitioning points at as low as the DCT block level with virtually no overhead using backward adaptation; hence it produces superior video quality over the conventional data partitioning scheme. Simulation results show that significant PSNR gain can be achieved using the new algorithm.
Effect of speech tasks on cepstral measures of articulation (2016)

Hypokinesia in articulatory movements is one of the predominant characteristics in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Past research quantified such hypokinesias through measures of formant frequencies (F1 and F2) and/or derivative measures such as vowel space area. Extractions of these acoustic measures are labor intensive, time consuming and require phonetic segmentation. In this study, we characterize acoustic measures of articulatory range, rate and acceleration using human factor cepstral coefficients (HFCCs) across speech tasks (e.g. syllable repetition, sentence reading and monologues). Cepstral measures of articulation can be readily derived from entire sentences in an automated, time/computationally efficient method. We hypothesize that these cepstral measures will show a significant effect of group and speech task. Twelve individuals with clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD and age/gender matched healthy controls repeated syllables at a fast rate, read some sentences, and provided monologue samples. Articulatory range, rate and acceleration were studied using cepstral coefficient standard deviation sum (CC SDS), delta (Δ), and delta delta (ΔΔ) coefficients, respectively. Preliminary findings suggest that temporal derivatives differentiated the groups better in the syllable repetition task and CC SDS revealed trends in the reading and monologue tasks, showing promise for differential and early diagnosis.
Resilient Synchronization of Radio Networks of Clocks: A Pursuit-Evasion Graphical Game Approach (2019)

This paper provides an analytical framework to investigate judicious topology reweighting of radio networks of clocks, when distributed time transfer and synchronization are based on physical layers and subject to the presence of false timing signals. Protagonist clocks exchange timing information pairwise, which is modeled as clocks tending to follow the majority of their neighbors. Antagonist clocks inject false timing signals, thereby, influencing the timing synchronization of (some of) the other protagonist clocks they meet. A class of pursuit-evasion graphical games subject to complete state observations and exploitation of phase noise disturbances, is proposed in designing clock steering protocols for resilient time metrologies that will be immune to erroneous timing signals injected into remote time dissemination networks.
Depth-sectioned subsurface imaging in turbid media using spatially modulated illumination (2003)

We demonstrate that spatially modulated illumination can recover depth sensitive images of targets embedded in turbid media. Experiments were performed on tissue-simulating phantoms with superficial and subsurface absorption heterogeneities. Depth sensitivity is demonstrated to depend on spatial frequency of the illumination and on the optical properties of the sample.
Identification of Potent and Long-Acting Single-Chain Peptide Mimetics of Human Relaxin-2 for Cardiovascular Diseases (2021)

The insulin-like peptide human relaxin-2 was identified as a hormone that, among other biological functions, mediates the hemodynamic changes occurring during pregnancy. Recombinant relaxin-2 (serelaxin) has shown beneficial effects in acute heart failure, but its full therapeutic potential has been hampered by its short half-life and the need for intravenous administration limiting its use to intensive care units. In this study, we report the development of long-acting potent single-chain relaxin peptide mimetics. Modifications in the B-chain of relaxin, such as the introduction of specific mutations and the trimming of the sequence to an optimal size, resulted in potent, structurally simplified peptide agonists of the relaxin receptor Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor 1 (RXFP1) (<i>e.g.</i>, <b>54</b>). Introduction of suitable spacers and fatty acids led to the identification of single-chain lipidated peptide agonists of RXFP1, with sub-nanomolar activity, high subcutaneous bioavailability, extended half-lives, and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy (<i>e.g.</i>, <b>64</b>).
A Unique Epitope on Human Serum Albumin Recognized by Monoclonal Antibody HSA-1: A Probe for Identification of the Human Origin of Blood or Tissue (1987)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies was raised against human serum albumin from fusions of BALB/c splenocytes and SP2/0-Ag14 murine myeloma cells. This panel was screened against purified albumins from 21 species including chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan. A monoclonal antibody (HSA-1) specific for human albumin was identified. The epitope recognized by HSA-1 was shown to be conserved in all human blood samples tested. A double antibody ELISA assay was developed using biotinylated HSA-1 as the specific probe for human albumin. This assay was capable of detecting as little as 30 nanograms or less albumin/ml. This assay was used to verify the presence of human albumin in blood, tissue extracts, and other body fluids. These results show that the HSA-1 monoclonal antibody can be used in determining the human origin of blood, tissue, and a variety of other body fluids.
Identification of a specific tyrosine residue in Bryodin 1 distinct from the active site but required for full catalytic and cytotoxic activity (1998)

Bryodin 1 (BD1) is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) with low inherent animal toxicity. It has been cloned recently and the recombinant protein (rBD1) has been produced and crystallized. To gain insight into the relationship of rBD1 structure and function, we investigated the role of sequences in a region (residues 128-156) that exhibits homology with membrane interactive sequences and is not part of the enzymatically defined active site. Progressive deletions representing alpha-helical tums within these residues were generated; mutant rBD1 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and demonstrated increasing losses of enzymatic activity. Point mutations were also generated within this region to replace Y140, Y141, and Y142 with either alanine or lysine. Mutants at position 140 or 142 retained full enzymatic activity, whereas A141 and K141 mutants were >19-fold less potent. In cytotoxicity assays, the rBD1 point mutants at Y141 were >80-fold less potent than either rBD1 or mutants at residues 140 or 142. However, when introduced into the anti-CD40 single-chain immunotoxin rBD1-G28-5 sFv, the A140 and A141 point mutations led to decreased cytotoxicity toward CD40 positive cell lines. These data indicate that Y141 plays an important role in the enzymatic activity of BD1 and that Y140, although not essential for catalytic activity, is required for full BD1 function. Because residues 140 and 141 are distinct from residues implicit in the active site, they may be involved in ribosomal and/or membrane interactions or in intracellular trafficking of the toxin and immunotoxin.
Learning Affinity via Spatial Propagation Networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose spatial propagation networks for learning the affinity matrix for vision tasks. We show that by constructing a row/column linear propagation model, the spatially varying transformation matrix exactly constitutes an affinity matrix that models dense, global pairwise relationships of an image. Specifically, we develop a three-way connection for the linear propagation model, which (a) formulates a sparse transformation matrix, where all elements can be the output from a deep CNN, but (b) results in a dense affinity matrix that effectively models any task-specific pairwise similarity matrix. Instead of designing the similarity kernels according to image features of two points, we can directly output all the similarities in a purely data-driven manner. The spatial propagation network is a generic framework that can be applied to many affinity-related tasks, including but not limited to image matting, segmentation and colorization, to name a few. Essentially, the model can learn semantically-aware affinity values for high-level vision tasks due to the powerful learning capability of the deep neural network classifier. We validate the framework on the task of refinement for image segmentation boundaries. Experiments on the HELEN face parsing and PASCAL VOC-2012 semantic segmentation tasks show that the spatial propagation network provides a general, effective and efficient solution for generating high-quality segmentation results.
A review of powder modifications in conventional glass-ionomer dental cements (2010)

Glass-ionomer dental cements (GICs) have proven to be useful in several areas of dentistry such as restorative dentistry. Glass-ionomers are aqueous cements formed by the reaction of an acidic polymer and a basic glass in the presence of water. The oral environment presents many challenges to the longevity of restorative materials. Glass-ionomer cements have many properties that are clinically useful and promote longevity. Importantly, GICs adhere to moist tooth structure without any pretreatment, and provide a prolonged period of fluoride release, which inhibits recurrent tooth decay (caries). These properties together with acceptable aesthetics and biocompatibility make these materials popular and desirable for medical and dental applications. However, glass-ionomer dental cements have limitations that prevent broader clinical adaptation such as poor mechanical properties and moisture sensitivity. Many significant changes and modifications to the chemistry of the acidic polymers and basic glasses and to the formulation of the cements have been made to address these limitations. In this review, advances in the development of the basic glasses and other reinforcing agents will be discussed. An overview of the chemistry of glass-ionomer cements will be discussed followed by an in-depth discussion of the chemistry of novel basic glasses and reinforcing additives.
Supervised facial recognition based on eigenanalysis of multiresolution and independent features (2015)

In this paper, a supervised facial recognition system is presented. In the feature extraction step, a Two Dimensional Discrete Multiwavelet Transform (2D DMWT) is used to extract useful information from the face images. The 2D DMWT is followed by a Two-Dimensional Fast Independent Component Analysis (2D FastICA) and eigendecomposition to obtain discriminating and independent features. The resulting compressed features are fed into a Neural Network (NNT) based classifier for training and testing. All techniques are tested using ORL, YALE, and FERET databases. The proposed approach shows a significant improvement in the recognition rate, storage requirements, as well as computational complexity.
Regulation of renal epithelial cell endocytosis of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals (1993)

The earliest events in the formation of kidney stones are unknown. The most common crystal in kidney stones, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), when added to cultures of monkey kidney epithelial cells (BSC-1 line), was internalized by 19% of the cells after 30 min. COM crystal endocytosis was enhanced by serum, ADP, and epidermal growth factor, which are potent mitogens for these cells. Endocytosis of COM crystals was inhibited by diverse molecules including Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP), the tetrapeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine, fibronectin, transforming growth factor-beta 2, and heparin. The capacity of THP, fibronectin, or heparin to inhibit endocytosis was mediated by an interaction of these molecules with cells, not by coating the crystals. Thus renal epithelial cell endocytosis of COM crystals can be regulated by diverse molecules including THP, the most common protein found in human urine. Crystal endocytosis and subsequent cellular responses could be important pathogenic steps in nephrolithiasis.
Large-core Single-mode Solid Photonic Bandgap Fibers (2012)

Mode-area scaling of single-mode fibers is critical to power scaling of fiber lasers. Significantly different guidance principle of solid photonic bandgap fibers provides new design opportunities. Recent progress in this area will be reported.
Experiments with combined analysis for pointer aliasing (1998)

We present initial empirical experiments with combined analysis , a scalabk analysis technique that uses a program decomposition to apply different aliasing algorithms to independent program segments. The effectiveness of the solution strategy is validated through application to side-effect and reference analysis of C programs.
An experimental report on correlated-photon ellipsometry (2003)

Traditional ellipsometric measurements are limited in their accuracy because of the use of an external reference sample for calibration, and because of the noise inherent in the source at low light levels. We demonstrate that these limitations can be circumvented by using a non-classical source of light, namely, twin photons generated by the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion, in conjunction with a novel polarization interferometer and coincidence-counting detection scheme. The twin-photon nature of the source is a unique feature of our scheme. We are guaranteed, on the detection of a photon in one of the arms of the setup, that its twin will be in the other. We present experimental results showing how the technique operates.
Characteristics of a highly scalable bridge phase change memory (2008)

Recent advances of a highly scalable bridge phase change memory cell are presented. To fabricate and characterize highly scaled devices, designs in both the process procedure and the testing algorism are considered extensively. We also compare the characteristics of the devices made from different types of materials. The experimental data reveal the superior scaling properties of the bridge phase change memory in different materials.
A cost-effective extracorporeal magnetically-levitated centrifugal blood pump employing a disposable magnet-free impeller (2011)

In the field of rotary blood pumps, contactless support of the impeller by a magnetic bearing has been identified as a promising method to reduce blood damage and enhance durability. The authors developed a two-degrees-of-freedom radial controlled magnetic bearing system without a permanent magnet in the impeller in order that a low-cost disposable pump-head for an extracorporeal centrifugal blood pump could be manufactured more easily. Stable levitation and contactless rotation of the 'magnet-free' impeller were realized for a prototype blood-pump that made use of this magnetic bearing. The run-out of the impeller position at between 1000 r/min and 3000 r/min was less than 40 microm in the radial-controlled directions. The total power consumption of the magnetic bearing was less than 1 W at the same rotational speeds. When the pump was operated, a flow rate of 5 l/min against a head pressure of 78.66 kPa was achieved at a rotational speed of 4000 r/min, which is sufficient for extracorporeal circulation support. The proposed technology offers the advantage of low-cost mass production of disposable pump heads.
Laser gas alloying of titanium - New possibilities for severe wear loaded components in aerospace and medicin (1999)

To eliminate present difficulties at laser gas alloying of titanium as not sufficient control of nitrogen content, inadequate oxygen exclusion and pronounced crack formation tendency, a new technology was developed. It is based on a special copper made inert gas bell that ensures online controlled constant treatment parameters and reduced cooling velocity. So it is possible to adjust the properties of the laser gas alloyed layers. The thickness can be varied between 0.1 to 1.5 mm and the hardness can be adapted to the application in the range of 500 HV to 1200 HV. Such gas alloyed layers have very high resistance against abrasive and sliding wear. An additional hard amorphous carbon layer deposited by Laser-Arc technology on the gas alloyed layer can be used for achieving minimal friction coefficients in case of sliding wear. The gas alloyed layer can also be used for supporting other films like TiN to increase their bearing load. Results of fatigue tests of gas alloyed layers are presented as well as results of different wear tests.
A new inverter control scheme for induction motor drives requiring wide speed range (1996)

A new control scheme to extend the speed range of a four-pole induction machine is investigated. A three-phase stator winding is used with each of two coil groups per phase being independent resulting in a six-coupled circuit, six-terminal stator winding. Two inverters supply the machine with the required regulated currents to obtain the effect of either four-pole or two-pole windings. Four-pole operation is proposed from zero speed until the end of its constant power region. Employing contactorless pole changing to obtain two-pole operation extends the constant power region resulting in a doubling of the speed range for approximately the same inverter/machine rating. The application is to electric vehicles.
Coronavirus Reverse Genetics (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Coronavirinae Infectious bronchitis Coronavirus genome organisation The coronavirus replication cycle Development of reverse genetics system for coronaviruses including IBV Reverse genetics system for IBV Reverse genetics systems for the modification of coronavirus genomes Using coronavirus reverse genetics systems for gene delivery Acknowledgements References
MEC: Memory-efficient Convolution for Deep Neural Network (2017)

Convolution is a critical component in modern deep neural networks, thus several algorithms for convolution have been developed. Direct convolution is simple but suffers from poor performance. As an alternative, multiple indirect methods have been proposed including im2col-based convolution, FFT-based convolution, or Winograd-based algorithm. However, all these indirect methods have high memory-overhead, which creates performance degradation and offers a poor trade-off between performance and memory consumption. In this work, we propose a memory-efficient convolution or MEC with compact lowering, which reduces memory-overhead substantially and accelerates convolution process. MEC lowers the input matrix in a simple yet efficient/compact way (i.e., much less memory-overhead), and then executes multiple small matrix multiplications in parallel to get convolution completed. Additionally, the reduced memory footprint improves memory sub-system efficiency, improving performance. Our experimental results show that MEC reduces memory consumption significantly with good speedup on both mobile and server platforms, compared with other indirect convolution algorithms.