gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties and fabrication of polymeric waveguides containing nanocrystalline quantum dots (2004)

We present a novel method for fabricating polymer waveguides containing various types of nanocrystals while preserving their active optical properties. This method utilizes a surface functionalization of the nanocrystals. This enables fabrication of new active devices integrating both the nanocrystals functionalities and the polymer waveguiding properties.
Main Ginseng Saponin Metabolites Formed by Intestinal Bacteria (1996)

Ginseng saponin metabolites produced by human intestinal bacteria and the urinary and blood compounds after oral administration of Ginseng extract and its saponins in human and specific pathogen-free rats were examined in order to elucidate their metabolites absorbed from the intestines. The main metabolites of ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, and Rg1 after anaerobic incubation with fecal flora were identified as 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (I) 20-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (II), 20-O-[alpha-L- arabinofuranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol+ ++ (III), and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (IV), though the metabolic rate and mode were affected by fermentation media. Furthermore, metabolites I-IV and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (XII) were detected in blood (0.3-5.1 micrograms/ml) and in urine (2.2-96 micrograms/ day) after the oral administration of Ginseng extract (150 mg/ kg/day) to human and of total saponin (1 g/kg/day) to rats.
Making Topographical Maps From SAR and Flood-Gauge Data (1990)

Collection of computer programs processes image data obtained by synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) along with measurements of water levels taken at selected points on ground to generate three-dimensional maps of surveyed terrain. Information in maps presented in variety of useful ways suited to study of such phenomena as flooding, damage caused by floods, flow of nutrients from forests to river and marine ecosystems, and effects of subsidence of ground or of rising sea levels.
Multiple component codes based generalized LDPC codes for high-speed optical transport (2014)

A class of generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes suitable for optical communications is proposed, which consists of multiple local codes. It is shown that Hamming, BCH, and Reed-Muller codes can be used as local codes, and that the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) decoding of these local codes by Ashikhmin-Lytsin algorithm is feasible in terms of complexity and performance. We demonstrate that record coding gains can be obtained from properly designed GLDPC codes, derived from multiple component codes. We then show that several recently proposed classes of LDPC codes such as convolutional and spatially-coupled codes can be described using the concept of GLDPC coding, which indicates that the GLDPC coding can be used as a unified platform for advanced FEC enabling ultra-high speed optical transport. The proposed class of GLDPC codes is also suitable for code-rate adaption, to adjust the error correction strength depending on the optical channel conditions.
Multicolor Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles as Tracers for Production and Well Monitoring (2017)

Abstract Tracers play an important role in the oil and gas industry by providing valuable information about reservoirs. In particular, tracers can help in mapping water movementfor determining information on water flooding that can be used to improve hydrocarbon recovery efforts. Some of the challenges associated with current chemical or dye-based tracer technology are thermal degradation over time, phase separation, and tedious detection processes. To overcome these drawbacks environmentally friendly, multicolor silica nanoparticles as tracershavebeen proposed toprovide simpler and faster detection through fluorescence spectroscopy.
Deep Polarization Imaging for 3D Shape and SVBRDF Acquisition (2021)

We present a novel method for efficient acquisition of shape and spatially varying reflectance of 3D objects using polarization cues. Unlike previous works that have exploited polarization to estimate material or object appearance under certain constraints (known shape or multiview acquisition), we lift such restrictions by coupling polarization imaging with deep learning to achieve high quality estimate of 3D object shape (surface normals and depth) and SVBRDF using single-view polarization imaging under frontal flash illumination. In addition to acquired polarization images, we provide our deep network with strong novel cues related to shape and reflectance, in the form of a normalized Stokes map and an estimate of diffuse color. We additionally describe modifications to network architecture and training loss which provide further qualitative improvements. We demonstrate our approach to achieve superior results compared to recent works employing deep learning in conjunction with flash illumination.
Design of quasi-lumped element diplexers for multiple wireless applications using liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) based substrates (2004)

This paper presents the design of compact diplexers for applications such as dualhand WLAN (802.11 a/h/g), and Satellite TV applications in organic laminates based multilayer substrates that use materials such as Liquid Crystalline Polymer (LCP). LCP based devices such as fdten, baluns and diplexers have been demonstrated by the authors in [l, 21. This paper focuses on the design of various diplexers. The first examples of diplexers using this platform substrate technology are very compact 3.5x2.2x0.75mm' and 2.2x1.5x0.75mm3 fully packaged SMT diplexers with passbands suitable for 802.11alblg namely 2.4-2.5, and 4.9-5.9 GHL The larger embodiment of the diplexer provides greater than 30dB isolation between the bands and greater than 40dB rejection of the second harmonics and greater than 30 dB rejection of the third harmonic of each band while guaranteeing less than 1.5dB insertion loss and VSWR < 2 from -25°C to 85T. The paper is organized as follows: section I discusses the process technology and its advantages over commonly used ceramic technologies followed by section I1 which discusses the design of diplerers using embedded inductors and capacitors. Section I11 concludes the paper with a discussion on the various functions available with this substrate technology.
High-Power Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Semiconductor Lasers (2019)

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) employ intersubband transitions between conduction-band (CB) energy states in multi-quantum-well (MQW) structures, carrier tunneling between adjacent MQW stages, and coherent-light emission from multiple (30-50) stages. Unlike interband-transition semiconductor lasers, QCLs are not affected by Auger recombination in the mid-infrared wavelength range (λ= 3-20 μm); thus, allowing them to readily reach lasing at room temperature (RT). However, using multiple stages leads to high voltages (≥ 10 V) that significantly decrease the wallplug efficiency, η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wp</sub> . Thus, although pulsed RT operation was obtained in 1996, it took until 2002 to achieve CW RT operation and until 2008 to obtain 1 W CW power.
Development of Recombinant Baculoviruses for Insect Control (1996)

In this review, we provide an overview of the current status of recombinant baculoviruses, describe the development of genetically engineered baculoviruses for use as rapid-action biological insecticides, and provide more detailed information on one particular set of recombinant viruses. The advantages and disadvantages of recombinant baculovirus insecticides, and the importance of risk-assessment studies of these genetically modified organisms, are reviewed. Finally the importance of sensible regulatory strategies to the success and future prospects of this technology is discussed.
Novel method of measuring valvular regurgitation using three-dimensional nonlinear curve fitting of doppler signals within the flow convergence zone (2013)

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) is among the most prevalent and significant valve problems in the Western world. Echocardiography plays a significant role in the diagnosis of degenerative valve disease. However, a simple and accurate means of quantifying MR has eluded both the technical and clinical ultrasound communities. Perhaps the best clinically accepted method used today is the 2-D proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method. In this study, a new quantification method using 3-D color Doppler ultrasound, called the field optimization method (FOM), is described. For each 3-D color flow volume, this method iterates on a simple fluid dynamics model that, when processed by a model of ultrasound physics, attempts to agree with the observed velocities in a least-squares sense. The output of this model is an estimate of the regurgitant flow and the location of its associated orifice. To validate the new method, in vitro experiments were performed using a pulsatile flow loop and different geometric orifices. Measurements from the FOM and from 2-D PISA were compared with measurements made with a calibrated ultrasonic flow probe. Results show that the new method has a higher correlation to the truth data and has lower inter- and intra-observer variability than the 2-D PISA method.
Loading a Cache with Query Results (1999)

Data intensive applications today usually run in either a client-server or a middleware environment. In either case, they must efficiently handle both database queries, which process large numbers of data objects, and application logic, with its fine-grained object accesses (e.g., method calls). Sophisticated optimization techniques speed up query processing, while caching is used to reduce the cost of the application logic. Query processing and caching decisions are typically made in isolation, though often in applications queries are used to identify those objects the application will further process. We propose a wholistic approach to speeding up such applications: we load the cache of a system with relevant objects as a by-product of query processing. This can potentially improve the performance of the application, by eliminating the need to fault in objects. However, it can also increase the cost of queries by forcing them to handle more data, thus potentially reducing the perform...
Carbon Nanotube Yarn‐Based Glucose Sensing Artificial Muscle (2016)

Boronic acid (BA), known to be a reversible glucose-sensing material, is conjugated to a nanogel (NG) derived from hyaluronic acid biopolymer and used as a guest material for a carbon multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) yarn. By exploiting the swelling/deswelling of the NG that originates from the internal anionic charge changes resulting from BA binding to glucose, a NG MWNT yarn artificial muscle is obtained that provides reversible torsional actuation that can be used for glucose sensing. This actuator shows a short response time and high sensitivity (in the 5-100 × 10(-3) m range) for monitoring changes in glucose concentration in physiological buffer, without using any additional auxiliary substances or an electrical power source. It may be possible to apply the glucose-sensing MWNT yarn muscles as implantable glucose sensors that automatically release drugs when needed or as an artificial pancreas.
Tunable Millimeter-Wave Packaged IMPATT Diode Oscillators (1974)

Broadband mechanically tunable V-band (50-75 GHz) and W-band (75-110 GHz) IMPATT oscillators have been developed using packaged silicon p+n junction diodes. A tuning bandwidth of 20% with minimum output of over 50 mW is obtained in V-band and 6% bandwidth with minimum output over 25 mW is obtained in W-band. Higher power but more limited tuning bandwidth results from using other diode structures.
Flash Converted Graphene for Ultra‐High Power Supercapacitors (2015)

Supercapacitors are known for their rapid energy charge–discharge properties, often ten to a hundred times faster than batteries. However, there is still a demand for supercapacitors with even faster charge–discharge characteristics to fulfill the requirements of emerging technologies. The power and rate capabilities of supercapacitors are highly dependent on the morphology of their electrode materials. An electrically conductive 3D porous structure possessing a high surface area for ions to access is ideal. Using a flash of light, a method to produce highly interconnected 3D graphene architectures with high surface area and good conductivity is developed. The flash converted graphene is synthesized by reducing freeze‐dried graphene oxide using an ordinary camera flash as a photothermal source. The flash converted graphene is used in coin cell supercapacitors to investigate its electrode materials properties. The electrodes are fabricated using either a precoating flash conversion or a postcoating flash conversion of graphene oxide. Both techniques produce supercapacitors possessing ultra‐high power (5–7 × 10 5 W kg −1 ). Furthermore, optimized supercapacitors retain >50% of their capacitance when operated at an ultrahigh current density up to 220 A g −1 .
Strategies to Stabilize Cell Penetrating Peptides for<i>In Vivo</i>Applications (2015)

In the era of biomedicines and engineered carrier systems, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been established as a promising tool for therapeutic application. Likewise, other therapeutic peptides, successful in vivo application of CPPs will strongly depend on peptide stability, the bottleneck for this type of biodegradable molecules. In this review, the authors describe the current knowledge of the in vivo degradation for known CPPs and the different strategies available to provide a higher resistance to metabolic degradation while preserving cell penetration efficiency. Peptide stability can be improved by different means, either modifying the structure to make it unrecognizable to proteases, or preventing access of proteolytic enzymes by applying conformation restriction or shielding strategies.
abstract) Mechanism of Selective Porosification at Heterojunctions in Group IV Multilayer Structures (1993)

Highly selective porosification of SiGe or Ge layers is observed in multilayer Si/SiGe or Si/Ge structures grown on (100)Si. These alternating porous/nonporous structures could potentially be used to fabricate light-emitting devices. The etch-selectivity appears to be dominated by band-structure effects and other factors such as lattice strain and electrochemical potential differences play a minor role. Additional structures and electrolytic etching are being examined to confirm these results.
Novel glass-forming liquid crystals. III Helical sense and twisting power in chiral nematic systems (1995)

Abstract Based on nematic and chiral precursors comprising of acetylenic, phenyl, naphthyl and terminal cyano groups in conjugation and cyclohexane as the central core, a series of novel nematic and chiral nematic glass-forming liquid crystals with a T g ≧ = 60°C were synthesized for an investigation of handedness and helical twisting power, HTP, as functions of chemical structure. Three chiral building blocks with a single asymmetric carbon centre were employed: (S)-(−)-1-phenylethanol, (S)(−)-α-methyl-2-naphthalenemethanol, and (S)-(−)-1-phenylethylamine, were all found to yield a left-handed cholesteric mesophase. With reference to (S)-(−)-1-phenylethanol, the HTP value was found to be nearly doubled in the presence of a strong anchoring plane furnished by a naphthyl group surrounding the asymmetric carbon centre, but reduced by one third in the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding through the amide group. All these observations were properly accounted for by a molecular interaction model of a steric nature while allowing for hydrogen bonding. Consistent with previous observations on naturally occurring (−)-cholesterol, (+)-estrone was found to give a left-handed cholesteric mesophase and an HTP value a quarter of that of (S)-(−)-1-phenylethanol under otherwise identical structural settings, both remaining unaccounted for from a molecular point of view. The cyclohexane ring to which chiral as well as nematic precursors are attached was found to improve miscibility with cyclohexane-based nematic hosts and to elevate the T g of the blends with an improved morphological stability but a very modest increase in HTP, all in comparison to chiral precursors as the dopant. The optical elements prepared on a single glass substrate and between a pair of substrates using the presently reported materials showed broad selective wavelength reflection bands with a monodomain feature characterized by pronounced side band oscillations.
High resolution definition of chromosome abnormalities with probes designed from genome sequences. (2004)

Extract: Numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities are a common cause of inherited and acquired diseases in humans. Cytogenetic detection of genomic imbalances and rearrangements is standard diagnostic practice, and is used both prognostically and for treatment stratification, especially for neoplastic disorders. Abnormalities are recognized by chromosome banding and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH permits examination of specific DNA sequences within single or multiple chromosome bands on a metaphase cell or within an interphase cell. Locus-specific FISH probes have traditionally been composed of recombinant DNA segments that span large chromosomal targets of hundreds of thousands of base pairs, about an order of magnitude smaller than the length of a typical chromosomal band. These probes, which contain either repetitive sequences, single copy sequences or combinations of both, have been developed to hybridize to a wide spectrum of chromosomal targets -- encompassing a single gene to an entire chromosome. Commercially available clones are generally useful for detecting more common abnormalities, whereas, detection or characterization of rare chromosomal abnormalities by FISH has relied on clones obtained from research laboratories.
Comparison of several kinds of feet for humanoid robot (2006)

This paper describes our research efforts aimed in the analysis of the humanoid robot feet role during walking gait. To improve the humanoid robot walking performances, a dynamic simulation using ADAMS software is carried out. To analyze the foot model effects virtual locomotion system has been built. Four foot models are compared through two criteria: the total energy consumption and the normal contact force component. These models are plate, flexible, active and hybrid flexible active feet parts. Simulation results show the relative effects of the flexibility and the introduction of the active joint at the toes level. The results prove the efficiency of the flexible active foot model
Functional Candidate Genes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Significant Association with<i>VEGF</i>,<i>VLDLR</i>, and<i>LRP6</i> (2005)

These data suggest that LRP6, VEGF, and VLDLR may play a role in the risk of developing AMD.
An Octavalent Lyme Disease Vaccine Induces Antibodies That Recognize All Incorporated ospC Type-Specific Sequences (2007)

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in North America and Europe and, if untreated, has significant arthritic, cardiac, dermatological and neurological sequelae. There is no currently available human Lyme disease vaccine. Outer surface protein C, because of its antigenicity, protective ability, and expression characteristics has emerged as a promising second generation vaccine candidate; however, significant sequence heterogeneity has impeded its development. Analyses of OspC sequences have revealed the existence of stable phylogenetic clusters or types, and that the type-defining sequence variation occurs within defined domains of the protein. Recent data indicating that immunodominant, and potentially protective OspC epitopes are located in these hypervariable regions has allowed development of a tetravalent, epitope-based, chimeric vaccine. In this report, we have extended that previously described tetravalent construct to include four additional OspC types. We demonstrate that the construct is highly immunogenic, and elicits type-specific antibodies that recognize each of the eight incorporated OspC type-specific epitopes. Antibody raised to the octavalent construct readily binds to the surface of strains expressing each component OspC type, indicating that the incorporated epitopes are presented on the surface of intact cells. In addition, the construct elicits antibody isotypes associated with complement-dependent bactericidal activity. These results represent an important step forward in the design of a broadly protective polyvalent OspC-based Lyme disease vaccine.
Ultrasonic cure monitoring of photoresist during pre-exposure bake process (2002)

We have developed a sensor to measure the glass transition temperature (T/sub g/) of a photoresist during its pre-exposure bake. During prebake, the resist must reach this temperature in order for significant solvent evaporation to occur. To determine T/sub g/ we measured the change in phase of a high frequency pulse as it was reflected from the interface between an 8" silicon wafer and a photoresist film. This measurement was performed before and after a prebaked Shipley 1813 resist film was removed from the wafer as well as during the prebake of a subsequent film. The phase change measured when a film of resist was removed from the wafer agreed well with theoretical calculations. The phase change was also monitored during photoresist cure and was found to decrease to a repeatable minimum at about 48 degrees Celsius. We believe that the characteristic temperature that resulted in the phase minimum was the glass transition temperature for the resin/solvent mixture, and that the nonlinear increase in phase that followed this minimum was due to solvent evaporation.
Direct multi-frame structure from motion for hand-held cameras (2002)

We present two linear algorithms for recovering the camera motion and 3D scene structure directly from the image data in a a multi-image sequence. The first algorithm generalizes the point-based approach of Oliensis (1999) to intensities. The second generalizes the Lucas-Kanade (1981) optical-flow method to a direct method.
Genetic and environmental variation for tocopherol content and composition in sunflower commercial hybrids (2002)

Tocopherols are the most important compounds having antioxidant activity in sunflower seeds. The objective of the present research was to study the genetic and environmental variation for tocopherol content and composition in sunflower. Thirty-six sunflower hybrids were grown at 13 locations across all major areas of sunflower cultivation in southern Spain. Seed yield, 100 seed weight, oil content and tocopherol content and composition were determined. Tocopherol content ranged from 314·5 to 1024·5 mg/kg seed and from 562·8 to 1872·8 mg/kg oil. The tocopherol fraction was largely composed of alpha-tocopherol, which accounted for 88·4% to 96·3% of the total tocopherols. Both genotypic and environmental effects were significant for tocopherol content and composition. For alpha-, beta- and total tocopherol content, the effect of the genotype was larger than that of the environment, whereas the latter had a greater effect on gamma-tocopherol content. Genotype×location interaction was significant for alpha-, gamma- and total tocopherol content. Tocopherol content was not correlated with seed oil or seed yield, indicating the possibility of selecting for this trait without affecting the performance of the genotypes.