gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KEGG as a reference resource for gene and protein annotation (2015)

KEGG (http://www.kegg.jp/ or http://www.genome.jp/kegg/) is an integrated database resource for biological interpretation of genome sequences and other high-throughput data. Molecular functions of genes and proteins are associated with ortholog groups and stored in the KEGG Orthology (KO) database. The KEGG pathway maps, BRITE hierarchies and KEGG modules are developed as networks of KO nodes, representing high-level functions of the cell and the organism. Currently, more than 4000 complete genomes are annotated with KOs in the KEGG GENES database, which can be used as a reference data set for KO assignment and subsequent reconstruction of KEGG pathways and other molecular networks. As an annotation resource, the following improvements have been made. First, each KO record is re-examined and associated with protein sequence data used in experiments of functional characterization. Second, the GENES database now includes viruses, plasmids, and the addendum category for functionally characterized proteins that are not represented in complete genomes. Third, new automatic annotation servers, BlastKOALA and GhostKOALA, are made available utilizing the non-redundant pangenome data set generated from the GENES database. As a resource for translational bioinformatics, various data sets are created for antimicrobial resistance and drug interaction networks.
Synthesis of poly[(acyloxy)aloxane] with carboxyl ligand and its utilization for the processing of alumina fiber (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of poly[(acyloxy)aloxane] with carboxyl ligand and its utilization for the processing of alumina fiberYoshiharu Kimura, Shozo Sugaya, Toshiaki Ichimura, and Isoji TaniguchiCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 10, 2329–2334Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00176a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00176a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (<scp>HPLC</scp>) in the Pharmaceutical Analysis (2010)

Abstract High Performance Liquid Chromatograhy (HPLC) is the most important analytical technique used during the various stages of drug development and manufacturing. The key to a proper HPLC system operation is the knowledge of the principles of chromatographic process as well as the understanding of the reasons behind the choice of components of the chromatographic system. This article focuses on HPLC theory, its role in drug analysis, and its techniques.
Kinetic deuterium isotope effects in cytochrome P450 oxidation reactions (2013)

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes account for ~75% of the metabolism of drugs. Most of the reactions catalyzed by P450s are mixed-function oxidations, and a C-H bond is (usually) broken. The rate-limiting nature of this step can be analyzed using the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) approach. The most relevant type of KIE is one termed intermolecular non-competitive, indicative of rate-limiting C-H bond breaking. A plot of KIE versus kcat for several P450s showed a correlation coefficient (r(2) ) of 0.62. Deuterium substitution has been considered as a potential means of slowing drug metabolism or redirecting sites of metabolism in some cases, and several general points can be made regarding the potential for application of deuterium in drug design/development based on what is known about P450 KIEs.
New technologies in high-power ultrasonic industrial applications (1994)

High-intensity ultrasonics in multiphase media such as gases or liquids with suspended particles, drops, or bubbles, represents a promising field of application which has not been sufficiently exploited. This paper deals with new types of high-power ultrasonic transducers for use in fluids and their application to different industrial applications such as particle-removal from emissions, defoaming, and cleaning. Promising results are obtained
Investigation of the antigenic structure of rabies virus glycoprotein by monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

Comparative antigenic analysis of glycoprotein variants of ERA and CVS-11 strains of rabies virus by monoclonal antibodies has permitted the delineation of three antigenic sites on the glycoprotein common to both strains. Two additional antigenic sites have been delineated on the ERA strain virus glycoprotein. The topologic relationship of these antigenic sites has been investigated.
Real Time Imaging and Quantitative Evaluation of the Emphysematous Lung by Infrared Thoracoscopy in Experimental Dogs (2005)

To accurately excise emphysematous lung tissue in volume reduction surgery, we projected a digitally analyzed excision line on the real time image obtained by infrared thoracoscopy (IRT) with indocyanine green (ICG) intravenous injection. Emphysema was created in the canine lung by intrabronchial injection of elastase. We examined the emphysematous lung by IRT after intravenous injection of ICG. A digitized static image was obtained and analyzed in real time during the surgery. The color densities on the image were measured and the color density ratios (CDRs) calculated. We resected lung areas where the CDR was 1.0 or less. Resected and residual lung areas were examined microscopically. Microscopically, areas displayed as white by IRT with intravenous injection of ICG were emphysematous, and areas displayed as blue were normal. Areas with a CDR of 1.0 or less were emphysematous, and we were able to determine an appropriate excision line by connecting sample points with a CDR of 1.0. Use of digital image analysis combined with IRT after ICG injection enabled us to remove emphysematous regions accurately.
Sensor Placement for Fault Diagnosis (2008)

An algorithm is developed for computing which sensors to add to meet a diagnosis requirement specification concerning fault detectability and fault isolability. The method is based only on the structural information in a model, which means that possibly large and nonlinear differential-algebraic models can be handled in an efficient manner. The approach is exemplified on a model of an industrial valve where the benefits and properties of the method are clearly shown.
Rat pancreatic stellate cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases: implications for extracellular matrix turnover (2003)

The role of pancreatic stellate cells in extracellular matrix formation and fibrogenesis may be related to their capacity to regulate the degradation as well as the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins.
Prv<sup>2</sup>chain: Storage of Tree-structured Provenance Records in Blockchain with Linkage Privacy (2021)

Storing provenance records on blockchain has the benefit of guaranteed integrity, however keeping the records private against the peers maintaining the blockchain is challenging especially when the records have linkages among them. This paper studies the problem of storing tree-structured provenance records with linkages in blockchain while keeping the linkages private. We present Prv <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chain, a framework that allows users to privately store their linked provenance records while protecting the records and their linkages. Users are also allowed to perform on-chain tree traversal efficiently. These are enabled by our novel record ID generation algorithms. Our experiments indicate the extra overhead incurred by Prv <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chain is little enough for practical deployment.
An Atomic Force Microscopy Study for the Assembly Structures of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Their Size Evaluation (1997)

Assemblies of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) dried on glass substrates showed characteristic patterns which were found to be related to (1) the concentration, (2) the anisodimensional shape, and (3) the semiflexibility of the virus. The arrangements of the virus particles in the patterns were investigated using an atomic force microscope (AFM). In the dried assemblies of TMV at a concentration of 50 mg/mL, characteristic birefringent crack patterns were observed, including highly oriented regions in which the particles were uniaxially oriented but longitudinally at random, and zigzag pattern regions in which sharply bent particles having a critical bending angle of 60° were found, indicating that the individual TMV particles are semiflexible rods rather than hard rods. In these regions, the interparticle end-to-end connections were frequently observed. In addition, several types of defects were observed in the crack patterns. In the dried assemblies for a TMV concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, characteristic 2D-network patterns were observed, which were formed by branching and fusing of the 2D-spindle tactoids of TMV, as well as a periodic pattern which may have resulted from spatially nonuniform speeds of the peripheral boundary of the suspension droplets during drying. The particle arrangements of the branched and fused spindles were also observed. The size of the TMV particle in the patterns was measured using the tapping mode imaging of the AFM: the length and width of the particles in the highly oriented regions were 301 and 14.7 nm, respectively, and the heights of the particles in the 2D-networks were 16.8−18.6 nm, indicating that the particles are not crushed. These values agree well with earlier ones estimated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy measurements. This shows that the TMV particles, in particular their highly oriented assemblies, can be used as standard specimens for the tapping mode imaging of the AFM in the scale of 10−100 nm. It was also demonstrated that single TMV particles fixed on substrates can be used to evaluate the radii of the tip apexes.
Traditional In-class Examination vs. Collaborative Online Examination in Asynchronous Learning Networks: Field Evaluation Results (2004)

Online courses make possible new forms of working and learning together that would be difficult or impossible to use in the classroom-based course.This paper presents field evaluation results comparing the traditional in-class examination and the collaborative online examination using asynchronous learning networks (ALN) in a graduate-level course in a U.S. university.The collaborative online exam includes students making up questions, answering, grading, and appealing the grades.A 1x2 field experiment was designed to evaluate the collaborative exam in comparison with a traditional in-class exam.Survey results (response rate = 81.6%)show an overall favorable attitude towards the collaborative exam, including enjoyability of the exam process, perceived learning, satisfaction, and recommendation for future courses.Significant correlations and differences are found among factors and between the two exam modes.Students' concerns as well as plans for future research are also discussed in the paper.
Multimedia information broadcasting service "PRESENT" (2002)

PRESENT is a multimedia information broadcasting service transmitted through a BS data channel or ISDB. It is a service with an image similar to electronic newspapers or electronic magazines. PRESENT offers such features as various program selection methods for personal needs, versatile presentation by multimedia and interactive viewing by hypermedia. This paper outlines PRESENT and a simple program selection method for general persons and a special structuring method for viewing with different functions of a receiver are discussed. The program selection method and the structuring method can be applied in the mobile multimedia communication field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatment of Vitiligo on Difficult-to-Treat Sites Using Autologous Noncultured Cellular Grafting (2008)

The concept of a "difficult-to-treat site" is a relative term and depends upon the technique used. The noncultured MKT does not require any special precautions to treat these anatomical sites. This review may help physicians to change the concept of "difficult-to-treat site."
The impact of time delay on robust control design in power systems (2003)

A centralized wide area controller design using systemwide data is proposed to enhance the dynamic performance of a large power system. The time delay exists in the data communication for this controller. Long time delay may be a detriment to wide area control system stability and delay may degrade system robustness. This paper analyzes the impact of time delay on robust wide area controller design in power systems. Time delay is described using the Pade approximation and is simulated within the robust wide area control system. According to numerous simulations, it is found that the overshoot value of active power variation increases and the settling time is lengthened when time delay occurs. The closed-loop control system may become unstable when the time delay is over a certain value. A robust controller can be redesigned to accommodate the possible long time delay. The impact of time delay on robust controller design is studied using a two-area four-machine system.
Relative reactivity of bridgehead adamantyl and homoadamantyl substrates from solvolyses with heptafluorobutyrate as a highly reactive carboxylate leaving group. Absence of SN2 character of solvolysis of tert-butyl derivatives (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative reactivity of bridgehead adamantyl and homoadamantyl substrates from solvolyses with heptafluorobutyrate as a highly reactive carboxylate leaving group. Absence of SN2 character of solvolysis of tert-butyl derivativesDan Farcasiu, Joachim Jaehme, and Christoph RuechardtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 20, 5717–5722Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00306a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00306a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views547Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temporal Relation Between Myocardial Fibrosis and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2017)

Among myriad changes occurring during the apparent evolution of HFpEF where elevated BNP is prevalent, MF was similarly prevalent in those with or at risk for HFpEF. Conceivably, MF might precede clinical HFpEF diagnosis. Regardless, MF was associated with disease severity (ie, BNP) and outcomes. Whether cells and secretomes mediating MF represent therapeutic targets in HFpEF warrants further evaluation.
Fault Propagation Analysis by Implementing Nearest Neighbors Method Using Process Connectivity (2018)

Industrial systems often encounter abnormal conditions due to various faults or external disturbances which deteriorate the process performance. In such cases, it is essential to detect and eliminate the root cause of the faulty condition as early as possible in order to minimize its adverse effect on the entire process performance. Capturing the process causality plays a key role in identifying the propagation path of faults and their root cause. In recent times, several data-based methods have been developed in order to capture causality from the measured process data. However, each of the methods suffers from several limitations and deficiencies which might compromise their ability to provide an adequate causal model, especially in multivariate (MV) systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for retracing the propagation path of oscillation using a nearest neighbors method by utilizing the information on process connectivity. The two-phase methodology yields a directionality measure based on the type of connectivity in the process using a unique search algorithm. In phase I, the bivariate directionality measure is calculated to include only the interactions that are considered as direct based on the plant topology. In phase II, a new MV directionality measure based on the nearest neighbors method is introduced in order to exclude indirect interactions. The methodology is successfully demonstrated on industrial board machine exhibiting oscillations in its drying section.
Spray-Coated Thin-Film Ni-Oxide Nanoflakes as Single Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Generation from Water Splitting (2020)

Electrochemical water splitting is a key process in many electrochemical energy conversion and storage phenomena. Simple synthesis methods to make highly porous and active nanostructured catalytic materials with large electroactive surface areas are very important to implement water-to-fuel conversion schemes. Herein, ultrafine, transparent thin-film nickel-oxide (NiO <i><sub>x</sub></i> ) nanoflakes are facilely synthesized following a simple spray-coating method from a solution-phase precursor. The NiO <i><sub>x</sub></i> nanoscale structures are grown on the FTO surface in the form of highly uniform smooth thin films. They are employed as promising bifunctional electrocatalysts for the overall water splitting process under alkaline conditions. During water oxidation catalysis, NiO <i><sub>x</sub></i> -SC/FTO initiates the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at an overpotential η of just 250 mV while generating current decade at just 300 mV and demonstrates well-balanced kinetics toward OER. 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> current density remains persistent for many hours of continuous electrolysis at just 1.53 V<sub>RHE</sub> illustrating high robustness of the system. The catalyst also showed substantial activity and durability toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under the same electrochemical conditions. Tafel slopes of just 57 and 89 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> for OER and HER in 0.5 M aqueous KOH solution, respectively, showing high intrinsic kinetics for electrocatalysis. Having high electrochemical surface area and an optimum number of electrochemically active sites, these transparent NiO <i><sub>x</sub></i> thin films can be advantageously combined with photoelectrochemical devices for light-driven water-to-fuel conversion systems.
Comparative study into the robustness of compartmental modeling and model‐free analysis in DCE‐MRI studies (2006)

Although modeling is more complex and more computationally intensive than an IAUC parameterization, our data suggest this approach to be preferable to a model-free approach since it provides greater physiological insight without a reduction in statistical power for Phase I/II clinical drug trials.
Mechanisms of Immune System Activation in Glaucoma: Oxidative Stress-Stimulated Antigen Presentation by the Retina and Optic Nerve Head Glia (2007)

These in vitro findings support that ROS regulate the immune response by stimulating the antigen-presenting ability of glial cells and functioning as costimulatory molecules for antigen presentation.
Video coding for wireless varying bit-rate communications based on area of interest and region representation (2002)

A coding method for videophone communications over wireless, varying bit-rate, channels, is proposed. This method is based on defining one or more areas of interest and breaking them into a number of arbitrarily shaped regions which are homogeneous in their motion. The interest areas in the current implementation are human faces. They are detected with the help of a 2D scene model which is a-priori constructed and is based on knowledge of the application context. A mixed intra/inter-frame coding method is used for the description of the shape and topology of the regions where each polygonal vertex is encoded in a costless manner, either with regards to its predecessor in the same frame, or to the corresponding vertex in the previous frame. This coding is based on rate/distortion optimization constrained by the instantaneously available bit-rate. The error coding is also performed in an adaptive prioritized manner and is restricted within the detected areas of interest.
Calreticulin Release at an Early Stage of Death Modulates the Clearance by Macrophages of Apoptotic Cells (2017)

Calreticulin (CRT) is a well-known "eat-me" signal harbored by dying cells participating in their recognition by phagocytes. CRT is also recognized to deeply impact the immune response to altered self-cells. In this study, we focus on the role of the newly exposed CRT following cell death induction. We show that if CRT increases at the outer face of the plasma membrane and is well recognized by C1q even when phosphatidylserine is not yet detected, CRT is also released in the surrounding milieu and is able to interact with phagocytes. We observed that exogenous CRT is endocytosed by THP1 macrophages through macropinocytosis and that internalization is associated with a particular phenotype characterized by an increase of cell spreading and migration, an upregulation of CD14, an increase of interleukin-8 release, and a decrease of early apoptotic cell uptake. Importantly, CRT-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype was confirmed on human monocytes-derived macrophages by the overexpression of CD40 and CD274, and we found that monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to CRT display a peculiar polarization notably associated with a downregulation of the histocompatibility complex of class II molecules hampering its description through the classical M1/M2 dichotomy. Altogether our results highlight the role of soluble CRT with strong possible consequences on the macrophage-mediated immune response to dying cell.