gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric facial expressions: revealing richer emotions for embodied conversational agents (2013)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a method to achieve effective facial emotional expressivity for embodied conversational agents by considering two types of asymmetry when exploiting the valence–arousal–dominance representation of emotions. Indeed, the asymmetry of facial expressions helps to convey complex emotional feelings such as conflicting and/or hidden emotions due to social conventions. To achieve such a higher degree of facial expression in a generic way, we propose a new model for mapping the valence–arousal–dominance emotion model onto a set of 12 scalar facial part actions built mostly by combining pairs of antagonist action units from the Facial Action Coding System. The proposed linear model can automatically drive a large number of autonomous virtual humans or support the interactive design of complex facial expressions over time. By design, our approach produces symmetric facial expressions, as expected for most of the emotional spectrum. However, more complex ambivalent feelings can be produced when differing emotions are applied on the left and right sides of the face. We conducted an experiment on static images produced by our approach to compare the expressive power of symmetric and asymmetric facial expressions for a set of eight basic and complex emotions. Results confirm both the pertinence of our general mapping for expressing basic emotions and the significant improvement brought by asymmetry for expressing ambivalent feelings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of Randomness in Microsphere-Based Photonic Crystals Assembled by Langmuir–Blodgett Process (2017)

Photonic structures in biological systems typically exhibit an appreciable level of disorder within their periodic framework. However, how such disorder within the ordered framework renders unique optical properties has not been fully understood. Toward the goal of improving this understanding, we have investigated Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of microspheres to controllably introduce randomness to photonic structures. We theoretically modeled the assembly process and determined a condition for surface pressure and substrate pulling speed that results in maximum structural order. For each surface pressure, there is an optimum pulling speed and vice versa. Along the trajectory defined by the optimum condition, however, the structural order decreases moderately as the pulling speed increases. This moderate decrease in structural order would be useful for controlled introduction of randomness into the periodic structures. Departing from the trajectory, our experiment reveals that a small change in pulling speed at a given surface pressure can significantly disrupt the structural order. For multilayer assembly, we find that, at a fixed pulling speed, the surface pressure should increase as the number of layers increases to achieve maximum structural order. In totality, we quantitatively present the optimum trajectories for the nth layer assembly relating surface pressure and pulling speed.
Analysis and correction of background velocity offsets in phase‐contrast flow measurements using magnetic field monitoring (2011)

The value of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging for quantifying tissue motion and blood flow has been long recognized. However, the sensitivity of the method to system imperfections can lead to inaccuracies limiting its clinical acceptance. A key source of error relates to eddy current-induced phase fluctuations, which can offset the measured object velocity significantly. A higher-order dynamic field camera was used to study the spatiotemporal evolution of background phases in cine phase-contrast measurements. It is demonstrated that eddy current-induced offsets in phase-difference data are present up to the second spatial order. Oscillatory temporal behaviors of offsets in the kHz range suggest mechanical resonances of the MR system to be non-negligible in phase-contrast imaging. By careful selection of the echo time, their impact can be significantly reduced. When applying field monitoring data for correcting eddy current and mechanically induced velocity offsets, errors decrease to less than 0.5% of the maximum velocity for various sequence settings proving the robustness of the correction approach. In vivo feasibility is demonstrated for aortic and pulmonary flow measurements in five healthy subjects. Using field monitoring data, mean error in stroke volume was reduced from 10% to below 3%.
A transgenic mouse for imaging activity-dependent dynamics of endogenous Arc mRNA in live neurons (2018)

Localized translation plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. However, it has not been possible to follow the dynamics of memory-associated mRNAs in living neurons in response to neuronal activity in real time. We have generated a novel mouse model where the endogenous Arc/Arg3.1 gene is tagged in its 3' untranslated region with stem-loops that bind a bacteriophage PP7 coat protein (PCP), allowing visualization of individual mRNAs in real time. The physiological response of the tagged gene to neuronal activity is identical to endogenous Arc and reports the true dynamics of Arc mRNA from transcription to degradation. The transcription dynamics of Arc in cultured hippocampal neurons revealed two novel results: (i) A robust transcriptional burst with prolonged ON state occurs after stimulation, and (ii) transcription cycles continue even after initial stimulation is removed. The correlation of stimulation with Arc transcription and mRNA transport in individual neurons revealed that stimulus-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> activity was necessary but not sufficient for triggering Arc transcription and that blocking neuronal activity did not affect the dendritic transport of newly synthesized Arc mRNAs. This mouse will provide an important reagent to investigate how individual neurons transduce activity into spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression at the synapse.
Forward Error Correction in Real-time Video Streaming Applications (2015)

The Internet is rapidly becoming the dominant platform for video contribution and distribution, but today’s Internet provides a best-effort service without any guarantee of quality. Internet video streaming has to cope with this lack of guarantees. Due to congestion and the heterogeneous infrastructure of the Internet a video transmission will be plagued by packet loss, variability in throughput, and latency. To mitigate some of these these problems f.o.r.w.a.r.d e.r.r.o.r c.o.r.r.e.c.t.i.o.n (F.E.C) can be employed. The aim of this thesis is to present a theoretical introduction to error correcting codes, implement and integrate f.o.r.w.a.r.d e.r.r.o.r c.o.r.r.e.c.t.i.o.n into an existing video streaming application, and test the implementation in both simulated and real-world conditions. Parameters of the F.E.C algorithm will be tweaked and guidelines for parameter selection will be developed
Protective efficacy of commercial inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines in chickens against a recent Korean epizootic strain (2008)

Despite the intensive vaccination policy that has been put in place to control Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the recent emergence of NDV genotype VII strains in Korea has led to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. We assessed the ability of inactivated, oil-emulsion vaccines derived from La Sota or Ulster 2C NDV strains to protect chickens from challenge with Kr-005/00, which is a recently isolated Korean epizootic genotype VII strain. Six-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated once and challenged three weeks later via the eye drop/intranasal route. All vaccinated birds were fully protected from disease, regardless of the vaccine strains used. All vaccinated and challenged groups showed significant sero-conversion 14 days after challenge. However, some vaccinated birds, despite being protected from disease, shed the challenge virus from their oro-pharynx and cloaca, albeit at significantly lower titers than the unvaccinated challenged control birds. The virological, serological, and epidemiological significance of our observations with regard to NDV disease eradication is discussed.
Communication protocols and concurrency: an Occam implementation of X.25 (2003)

Experience with the use of the current software and hardware offerings is presented and discussed in relation to practical implementation of the CCITT recommendation X-25. An implementation of X.25 is made using the concurrent programming language Occam and its associated hardware, the transputer. Their suitability in such an application is investigated. In particular, the simplicity of software design of communication systems based on concurrent implementation methods is reported. The implementation and its consequences are discussed, and conclusions regarding this approach are drawn.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystalline morphology of polypropylene and rubber‐modified polypropylene (1984)

Abstract The crystalline morphology of injection‐molded polypropylene (PP), its relationship with crazing, and the effects of various impact modifiers on the morphology, crystallization, and fusion of PP have been studied. The highly oriented skin layer of an injection‐molded tensile bar after deformation was found to be free from crazing in contrast to the heavy craze density in the randomly oriented spherulitic core zone. Reasons for the difficulty in craze nucleation in a preoriented zone are given in light of Argon's theory of craze initiation. Addition of a rubbery phase results in an irregular texture of spherulite, smaller spherulitic diameter, and decrease in the degree of undercooling, but no appreciable change in heats of fusion and crystallization other than a trivial volume effect. The rubbery phase is not pushed by the melt–solid interface to relocate to the interspherulitic boundaries. Rather, it is engulfed by the growing melt–solid interface, leaving behind a random spatial distribution of rubber particles in the PP matrix.
Antigen Presentation Requires Transport of MHC Class I Molecules from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (1990)

The role of exocytosis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in the presentation of antigens to mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was examined by use of a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the E19 glycoprotein from adenovirus. E19 blocked the presentation of vaccinia and influenza virus proteins to CTLs in a MHC class I allele-specific manner identical to its inhibition of MHC class I transport from the endoplasmic reticulum. This finding indicates that (i) the relevant parameter for antigen presentation is the rate of MHC class I molecule exocytosis, not the level of class I cell surface expression, and (ii) association of class I molecules with antigen is likely to occur within the endoplasmic reticulum.
Multiple Recurrences of Major Depressive Disorder (2000)

Major depressive disorder is a highly recurrent illness. The risk of the recurrence of major depressive disorder progressively increases with each successive episode and decreases as the duration of recovery increases.
INTERVALLIC SCALING IN THE BACH CELLO SUITES (2009)

The cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach exhibit several types of power-law scaling, the best examples of which can be considered fractal in nature. This article examines scaling with respect to the characteristics of melodic interval and its derivative, melodic moment. A new and effective method for pitch-related analysis is described and then applied to a selection of the 36 pieces that comprise the six cello suites.
Measurements and simulation of multipath interference for 1.7-Gb/s lightwave transmission systems using single- and multifrequency lasers (1990)

Power penalties due to multipath interference (MPI) have been measured for 1.7-Gb/s lightwave systems that use single-frequency (SF) or multifrequency (MF) lasers. Systems that use SF lasers potentially exhibit worse degradation than those using MF lasers. Bit-error-rate (BER) floors occur only under the worse-case conditions of poor receiver margin and large multiple reflections. The use of optical isolation to reduce laser feedback is ineffective in reducing multipath interference, and in many cases may worsen the penalty. It is shown that for a typical transmission system, these degradations are reduced if optical interconnection reflections are maintained below -20.5 dB. The experimental study is in good agreement with theoretical predictions using an analytic expression of the MPI noise power spectral density and with computer simulations using multimode laser rate equations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TraNNsformer: Clustered Pruning on Crossbar-Based Architectures for Energy-Efficient Neural Networks (2019)

Implementation of neuromorphic systems using memristive crossbar array (MCA) has emerged as a promising solution to enable low-power acceleration of neural networks. However, the recent trend to design deep neural networks (DNNs) for achieving human-like cognitive abilities poses significant challenges toward the scalable design of neuromorphic systems (due to the increase in computation/storage demands). Network pruning is a powerful technique to remove redundant connections for designing optimally connected (maximally sparse) DNNs. However, such pruning techniques induce irregular connections that are incoherent to the crossbar structure. Eventually, they produce DNNs with highly inefficient hardware realizations (in terms of area and energy). In this article, we propose TraNNsformer-an integrated training framework that transforms DNNs to enable their efficient realization on MCA-based systems. TraNNsformer first prunes the connectivity matrix while forming clusters with the remaining connections. Subsequently, it retrains the network to fine-tune the connections and reinforce the clusters. This is done iteratively to transform the original connectivity into an optimally pruned and maximally clustered mapping. We evaluated the proposed framework by transforming networks of different complexity based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) and convolutional neural network (CNN) topologies on a wide range of datasets (MNIST, SVHN, CIFAR10, and ImageNet) and executing them on MCA-based systems to analyze the area and energy benefits. Without accuracy loss, TraNNsformer reduces the area (energy) consumption by 28%-55% (49%-67%)of MLP networks and by 28%-48% (3%-39%) of CNN networks with respect to the original network implementations. Compared to network pruning, TraNNsformer achieves 28%-49% (15%-29%) area (energy) savings for MLP networks and 20%-44% (1%-11%) area (energy) saving for CNN networks. Furthermore, TraNNsformer is a technology-aware framework that allows mapping a given DNN to any MCA size permissible by the memristive technology for reliable operations.
An emerging antiviral takes aim at COVID-19 (2020)

As the COVID-19 pandemic shut down much of the world, George Painter’s life geared up considerably. In a matter of weeks, Painter and his collaborators have seen the antiviral they were working on—EIDD-2801—go from a promising therapeutic for influenza to a potential weapon in the fight against COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus. The drug candidate began a human safety trial in the UK in mid-April, and a US trial is planned to begin in the next few weeks. Painter, a virologist and chemist by training, has devoted his career to working on antivirals, coinventing several approved drugs for HIV and hepatitis B. In 2013, after decades in industry, he joined Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE) as its CEO and became director of the Emory Institute for Drug Development (EIDD). DRIVE and the EIDD aim to move drug candidates from early-stage development and preclinical testing to proof-of-concept
A MACHINE-LEARNING FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATING WELL-LOG DEPTH MATCHING (2019)

Depth matching well logs acquired from multiple logging passes in a single well has been a longstanding challenge for the industry. The existing approaches employed in commercial platforms are typically based on classical cross-correlation and covariance measures of two signals, followed by manual adjustments. These solutions do not satisfy the rising demand to minimize user intervention to proceed towards automated data interpretation. We aimed at developing a robust and fully automatic algorithm and workflow for depth matching gamma-ray logs, which are commonly used as a proxy to match the depth of other well logs measured in multiple logging passes within the same well. This was realized by a supervised machine learning approach through a fully connected neural network. The training dataset was obtained by manually labeling a limited set of field data. As it is unrealistic to expect a perfect model from the initial training with limited manually labeled data, we developed a continuously self-evolving depth-matching framework. During the use of depth-matching service, this framework allows taking the user input and feedback to further train and improve the depth-matching engines. This is facilitated by an automatic quality-control module for that we developed a dedicated metric by combining a few different algorithms. We use this metric to assess the quality of the returned results from the depth-matching engine. The users review the results and do manual adjustments if some intervals are not ideally depth matched by the engine. Those manual adjustments can be used to further improve the machine-learning model. A well-designed framework enables automatic and continuous self-evolving of the depth-matching service.
Small-Molecule Modulators of the NF-&#954;B Pathway Newly Identified by a Translocation-Based Cellular Assay (2009)

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is an important transcription factor. Aberrant regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway is frequently observed in a number of major ailments such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. Hence NF-kappaB modulators have been intensely pursued for their potential therapeutic applications. Numerous reviews have described recent progress in the development of these agents. More recently, a variety of structurally and functionally novel small molecules, identified through high-throughput screens conducted within the Molecular Libraries Screening Center Network (MLSCN) of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, have been added to the current list of NF-kappaB regulators. This review will discuss the inhibitors and activators newly discovered by Columbia's Molecular Libraries Screening Center (MLSC) using a well-designed and stable cellular assay.
Selective buckling via states of self-stress in topological metamaterials (2015)

States of self-stress--tensions and compressions of structural elements that result in zero net forces--play an important role in determining the load-bearing ability of structures ranging from bridges to metamaterials with tunable mechanical properties. We exploit a class of recently introduced states of self-stress analogous to topological quantum states to sculpt localized buckling regions in the interior of periodic cellular metamaterials. Although the topological states of self-stress arise in the linear response of an idealized mechanical frame of harmonic springs connected by freely hinged joints, they leave a distinct signature in the nonlinear buckling behavior of a cellular material built out of elastic beams with rigid joints. The salient feature of these localized buckling regions is that they are indistinguishable from their surroundings as far as material parameters or connectivity of their constituent elements are concerned. Furthermore, they are robust against a wide range of structural perturbations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this topological design through analytical and numerical calculations as well as buckling experiments performed on two- and three-dimensional metamaterials built out of stacked kagome lattices.
Impact of contact resistance on the transconductance and linearity of graphene transistors (2011)

Interest in graphene device physics and technology has been growing rapidly, especially for very high frequency transistor applications. However, the predicted intrinsic performance has not been fully realized due to impurity and parasitic issues introduced in device fabrication. Through a self-consistent model, we show that the normalized contact resistance has an exponentially detrimental impact on the peak transconductance, which is a defining transistor parameter. In addition, we reveal that very high current-gate voltage linearity or input invariant transconductance can be achieved in the limit of negligible contact resistances, a desirable feature for linear electronic systems.
Non-covalent lanthanide podates with predetermined physicochemical properties: iron(II) spin-state equilibria in self-assembled heterodinuclear d–f supramolecular complexes (1997)

The reaction of the segmental compound 2-[6-(diethylcarbamoyl)pyridin-2-yl]-1,1′-dimethyl-2′-(5- methylpyridin-2-yl)-5,5′-methylenebis(1H-benzimidazole) (L) with a stoichiometric mixture of Fe II and Ln III (Ln = La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb, Lu, Y or Sc) or Ca II in acetonitrile produced selectively the heterodinuclear non-covalent podates [LnFeL 3 ] 5+ and [CaFeL 3 ] 4+ . Proton NMR and electronic spectroscopy and electrochemistry showed that the ligands are helically wrapped around the metal ions leading to a C 3 -triple-helical structure with Fe II occupying the pseudo-octahedral co-ordination site produced by the three bidentate binding units and Ln III lying in the remaining pseudo-tricapped trigonal-prismatic site defined by the three tridentate binding units. In this chemical environment Fe II sustains a thermally induced low-spin → high-spin transition around room temperature in acetonitrile, the thermodynamic parameters of which can be finely controlled by the size of the co-ordinated Ln III . Thermodynamic investigations of the assembly process suggest that the stability of the final complexes [LnFeL 3 ] 5+ depends on the size of Ln III , small metal ions leading to intricate mixtures of complexes. The crystal structure of [LaFeL 3 ][ClO 4 ] 0.5 [CF 3 SO 3 ] 4.5 ·MeCN·4H 2 O at 170 K is isostructural with that of [EuZnL 3 ][ClO 4 ][CF 3 SO 3 ] 4 · 4MeCN and indicates that (i) the Fe–N bonds are in the range expected for essentially low-spin Fe II and (ii) [LaFeL 3 ] 5+ adopts the regular triple-helical structure found in solution. Magnetic measurements in the solid state showed smooth spin transitions similar to those observed in solution, while photophysical studies suggested that Eu III →Fe II (low-spin) energy transfers are responsible for the complete quenching of the Eu-centred emission.