gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscale Patterning of Thermoplastic Polymer Surfaces by Selective Solvent Swelling (2012)

A new method for the fabrication of microscale features in thermoplastic substrates is presented. Unlike traditional thermoplastic microfabrication techniques, in which bulk polymer is displaced from the substrate by machining or embossing, a unique process termed orogenic microfabrication has been developed in which selected regions of a thermoplastic surface are raised from the substrate by an irreversible solvent swelling mechanism. The orogenic technique allows thermoplastic surfaces to be patterned using a variety of masking methods, resulting in three-dimensional features that would be difficult to achieve through traditional microfabrication methods. Using cyclic olefin copolymer as a model thermoplastic material, several variations of this process are described to realize growth heights ranging from several nanometers to tens of micrometers, with patterning techniques include direct photoresist masking, patterned UV/ozone surface passivation, elastomeric stamping, and noncontact spotting. Orogenic microfabrication is also demonstrated by direct inkjet printing as a facile photolithography-free masking method for rapid desktop thermoplastic microfabrication.
Duration of Response to Second-Line, Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Patient Management and Clinical Trial Design (2004)

The length of a prior response to platinum-based therapy in ovarian cancer is highly predictive of the upper limit of the duration of response to a subsequent platinum program, assuming the same or similar drugs are used. Knowledge of this clinical parameter may assist in developing optimal management for an individual patient and may potentially be exploited in clinical trial designs examining novel maintenance strategies with both cytotoxic and cytostatic agents in women who achieve a secondary response to a platinum-based regimen.
Efficacy and Safety of the Selective α<sub>1A</sub>-Adrenoceptor Blocker Silodosin for Severe Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Prospective, Single-Open-Label, Multicenter Study in Korea (2014)

Silodosin 8 mg once daily may be effective and safe in Korean patients with severe LUTS associated with BPH.
The complex LMS adaptive algorithm--Transient weight mean and covariance with applications to the ALE (1983)

The transient and steady-state mean and covariance of the complex-valued LMS adaptive element weights are investigated when the inputs are samples from circularly normal processes. It is shown that the data covariance diagonalizing matrix also diagonalizes the weight covariance matrix. This result permits describing the complete transient behavior of the adaptive line enhancer (ALE) weight covariance matrix in closed form for the case of multiple, equal power, narrow-band, statistically independent, orthogonal, Rayleigh fading sinusoids in broad-band noise. Based on these transient covariance results, it is shown that for any stage of adaptation, there exists an optimum ALE gain constant that minimizes the excess mean squared prediction error. This result is of particular significance when processing time-limited data.
Experimental Evidence for Chaotic Transport in a Positron Trap (1995)

Accumulation of moderated positrons in a static Penning trap is observed for surprisingly long collection intervals. Stochastic transport between axial and transverse motion provides the requisite additional phase space to explain the observed trapping. An understanding of this transport mechanism can be used to improve a variety of charged particle traps. Moreover, this system presents a new opportunity to study the onset of chaos.
Platelet deposition at carotid endarterectomy sites in humans. (1987)

Following carotid endarterectomy, early postoperative thrombosis or late restenosis occurs in up to 20% of vessels. Both complications may be related to platelet mechanisms. To assess platelet deposition at endarterectomy sites, we injected indium-111 labelled platelets in 24 men less than 30 minutes after carotid endarterectomy, with subsequent imaging 24-96 hours later. To determine if deposition decreased over time, 12 patients had follow-up studies 0.5-24 months later. For comparison, 2 control groups were studied: 1) patients with noncarotid surgery (n = 6) and 2) normal young subjects without endarterectomy and without evidence of carotid disease (n = 12). Quantitative analysis was performed performed using a deposition index that compared activity in operated with unoperated sites in surgical patients or activity in the right with left carotid arteries in normal subjects. Patients with recent endarterectomy had a mean deposition index of 1.7 +/- 0.5 (range 1.2-3.5) compared with a similarly determined ratio of 1.1 +/- 0.1 in normal subjects and 1.2 +/- 0.1 in the surgical controls (both p less than or equal to 0.05 vs. acute endarterectomy). At follow-up after endarterectomy, the mean deposition index decreased to 1.0 +/- 0.1, documenting reduced platelet deposition over time. We conclude that the arterial injury of carotid endarterectomy results in early platelet deposition, which is no longer present in most patients who are studied late. These findings suggest a reduction in platelet thrombus formation with time and are compatible with reendothelialization of the endarterectomized surface. This model may be useful for the in vivo assessment of therapies designed to reduce platelet accumulation following endothelial injury in humans.
Combined atomic force and scanning reflection interference contrast microscopy (1994)

A sphere attached to a cantilever is used simultaneously as an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and as a curved reflective surface for producing scanning reflection interference contrast microscope (RICM) images of fluorescent beads dried onto a glass slide. The AFM and RICM images are acquired in direct registration which enables the identification of individually excited beads in the AFM images. The addition of a sharp, electron beam-deposited tip to the sphere gives nanometer resolution AFM images without loss of optical contrast. Method of combining an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) with a Reflection, Interference Contrast Microscope (RICM).
Bulk Disambiguation of Speculative Threads in Multiprocessors (2006)

Transactional Memory (TM), Thread-Level Speculation (TLS), and Checkpointed multiprocessors are three popular architectural techniques based on the execution of multiple, cooperating speculative threads. In these environments, correctly maintaining data dependences across threads requires mechanisms for disambiguating addresses across threads, invalidating stale cache state, and making committed state visible. These mechanisms are both conceptually involved and hard to implement. In this paper, we present Bulk, a novel approach to simplify these mechanisms. The idea is to hash-encode a thread's access information in a concise signature, and then support in hardware signature operations that efficiently process sets of addresses. Such operations implement the mechanisms described. Bulk operations are inexact but correct, and provide substantial conceptual and implementation simplicity. We evaluate Bulk in the context of TLS using SPECint2000 codes and TM using multithreaded Java workloads. Despite its simplicity, Bulk has competitive performance with more complex schemes. We also find that signature configuration is a key design parameter.
A new method for the analysis of blood and plasma coagulation. (1993)

A new method of measuring and analyzing the clinically significant structural characteristics of blood clots is described, using an oscillatory flow instrument (Vilastic-3 Viscoelasticity Analyzer). The development of the viscous and elastic properties of the clot are monitored continuously at known levels of stress and strain in a cylindrical tube [1], and specific transitional events and their timing are obtained. In clinical practice, two types of clot analysis currently are in use. One measures the time required for the clot to reach some instrument-determined degree of development, which provides no information about the mechanical character of the clot. The second yields a continuous depiction of the way the forming clot affects the instrument [2] and gives numerical values that are inseparable from instrument characteristics. For greater universality, it is preferable to obtain the clot properties per se, as opposed to integrated clot-instrument parameters, and to document the timing of well-defined viscoelastic events. Measurements on clotting blood and plasma show that the dependence of clotting characteristics on measurements conditions and hence the need for precise control of stress or strain during the process.
Curved DNA in Promoter Sequences (2000)

Sequence-dependent DNA curvature is known to play an important role in initiation of transcription of many genes. We compared the distribution of predicted intrinsic curvature of Escherichia coli and human promoter sequences with the distribution of curvature of randomly selected coding and non-coding fragments from these organisms. Different methods of curvature calculation were found to yield mostly similar overall tendencies of DNA curvature in all groups of sequences. According to all methods of calculation, E. coli promoters were found to be more curved than coding sequences from the same genome and random sequences with the same nucleotide composition. By contrast, the average curvature of human promoter sequences was only marginally greater than the average curvature of human coding sequences. Non-coding intron sequences were found to be the most curved of the human sequences examined. Based on these observations, we hypothesize about the role of DNA curvature in promoter sequences.
In-vitro Characterization of Silk Sericin as an Anti-aging Agent (2013)

Silk sericin is a natural macromolecular protein derived from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. It is also a by-product of silk-making. From previous reports, many cosmeceuticals and other cosmetic products have been developed with silk sericin. This study aimed to investigate an anti-aging property of silk sericin by in-vitro characterization using fibroblast cell culture model. The results showed that silk sericin can stimulate collagen type I synthesis, suppress the regulation of nitrite, which nitrite may induces oxidative stress, and up-regulate the expression of b-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) to inhibit cell apoptosis, without altering fibroblast growth kinetics or cellular ultrastructure. Sericin anti-aging properties were comparable to vitamin C, except for oxidative stress, where silk sericin was superior. The results suggested that silk sericin possesses anti-aging properties that could be usefully incorporated into high-quality cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and food supplements.
A comparison of design methods for 2-D FIR orthogonal perfect reconstruction filter banks (1995)

This paper examines the design of nonseparable 2-D FIR perfect reconstruction filter banks. We restrict our attention to orthogonal filter banks, i.e., analysis and synthesis filter banks with paraunitary polyphase matrices. The design problem reduces to the selection of a 2-D FIR paraunitary polyphase matrix, such that the filtering characteristics of the analysis or synthesis filters approximate as closely as possible the ideal bandpass characteristics of their desired frequency bands. Three design methods are compared. The first method, which was developed by Viscito and Allebach (1991), designs the impulse response of the polyphase matrix in the space-domain. A second technique was proposed in a paper by Karlsson Vetterli (1990) and relies on the subclass of 2-D paraunitary transfer matrices which can be represented as a product of paraunitary matrices of McMillan degree one in each variable. Finally, we develop a third approach based on a parametrization of 2-D FIR paraunitary matrices in terms of orthonormal minimal 2-D state-space realizations. The design examples that we present indicate that the third approach may have significant advantages, at least for the design of orthogonal filter banks with small spatial support.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Renewable energy and CO2 emissions: New evidence with the panel threshold model (2022)

The increased concerns over climate change led to a large body of literature that examined the impact of energy and economic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita. The majority of the existing studies employed various linear panel estimation techniques ignoring the potential nonlinear effects of energy and income on CO2 emissions per capita. To fill this gap, this study uses panel data consisting of 97 countries between 1995 and 2015 and examines the nonlinear impact of renewable, non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth on CO2 emissions per capita by using a dynamic panel threshold model that is robust to cross-section dependence. Our findings indicate the effect of growth in renewable energy consumption per capita on the growth of CO2 emissions per capita is negative and significant if countries surpass a certain threshold of renewable energy consumption. This finding mainly holds for developed countries and countries with stronger institutions and is robust to the use of an alternative proxy for renewable energy consumption. Our findings highlight the fact that increased renewable energy consumption would only reduce CO2 emissions per capita if and only if countries surpass a certain threshold of renewable energy consumption.
Separation of Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells from Bone Marrow Using Immunomagnetic Beads (1991)

Immunomagnetic beads can be used to effect the removal of a subpopulation of cells from a mixed cell suspension in a flow-through system. One application of this process is the removal of tumor cells from bone marrow prior to its use in autologous bone marrow transplantation, a technique used to treat some forms of cancer. In our separator, the cell suspension flows through a 150 ml transfer pack which is held over an array of permanent magnets. Testing of the device on DMS-273 small cell lung cancer cells mixed with normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells resulted in a mean tumor cell removal of 3.64 logs (99.977%) with a concomitant mean normal cell colony forming unit (CFU) recovery of 61.3%. Direct (one antibody) and indirect (two antibody) methods of binding the beads to the cells were investigated. The extent of primary antibody coating of the beads was determined by flow cytometry. Also investigated were the effects of temperature, bead to cell ratio, and medium additives on tumor cell removal and normal cell recovery. The optimal conditions for separation were determined to be the indirect method of bead-cell binding at 22°C using a bead to tumor cell ratio of 25:1.
Different Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways Cooperate to Regulate Tumor Necrosis Factor α Gene Expression in T Lymphocytes (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine and plays a crucial role in early events of inflammation. TNF-alpha is primarily produced by monocytes and T lymphocytes. In particular, T-cell-derived TNF-alpha plays a critical role in autoimmune inflammation and superantigen-induced septic shock. However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate TNF expression in T cells. Here we show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways control the transcription and synthesis of TNF-alpha in A3.01 T cells that produce the cytokine upon T cell activation by costimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and ionomycin. Selective activation of each of the distinct MAPK pathways by expression of constitutively active kinases is sufficient for TNF-alpha promoter induction. Furthermore, blockage of all three pathways almost abolishes TPA/ionomycin-induced transcriptional activation of the TNF-alpha promoter. Selective inhibition of one or more MAPK pathways impairs TNF-alpha induction by TPA/ionomycin, indicating a cooperation between these signal transduction pathways. Our approach revealed that the MAPK kinase 6 (MKK6)/p38 pathway is involved in both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of TNF expression. Moreover, analysis of the progressive 5' deletion mutants of the TNF-alpha promoter indicates that distinct promoter regions are targeted by either ERK-, JNK-, or p38-activating pathways. Thus, unlike what has been reported for other TNF-alpha-producing cells, all three MAPK pathways are critical and cooperate to regulate transcription of the TNF-alpha gene in T lymphocytes, suggesting a T-cell-specific regulation of the cytokine.
[Progress on nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 transcription factors in sepsis]. (2018)

Sepsis is a critical complication of severe trauma, large area burns, infection, and major surgery etc., which can induce septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and its incidence and mortality are always high. Nuclear factor-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor of antioxidant stress response. It plays a key role in the treatment of sepsis by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme and phase II detoxification enzyme mediated by antioxidant response element (ARE). In this article we review the changes, related regulation mechanism and reversing measures of Nrf2 in sepsis, aiming to provide a reference for the effective intervention measures of sepsis.
Interactive motion generation from examples (2002)

There are many applications that demand large quantities of natural looking motion. It is difficult to synthesize motion that looks natural, particularly when it is people who must move. In this paper, we present a framework that generates human motions by cutting and pasting motion capture data. Selecting a collection of clips that yields an acceptable motion is a combinatorial problem that we manage as a randomized search of a hierarchy of graphs. This approach can generate motion sequences that satisfy a variety of constraints automatically. The motions are smooth and human-looking. They are generated in real time so that we can author complex motions interactively. The algorithm generates multiple motions that satisfy a given set of constraints, allowing a variety of choices for the animator. It can easily synthesize multiple motions that interact with each other using constraints. This framework allows the extensive re-use of motion capture data for new purposes.
Power efficient and sparse spanner for wireless ad hoc networks (2001)

Due to the limited resources available in the wireless ad hoc networking nodes, the scalability is crucial for network operations. One effective approach is to maintain only a sparse spanner of a linear number of links while still preseving the power-efficient route for any pair of nodes. For any spanner G, its power stretch factor is defined as the maximum ratio of the minimum power needed to support any link in this spanner to the least necessary. In this paper, we first consider several well-known proximity graphs including the relative neighborhood graph, Gabriel graph and Yao graph. These graphs are sparse and can be constructed locally in an efficient way. We show that the power stretch factor of the Gabriel graph is always one, and the power stretch factor of the Yao graph is bounded by a constant while the power stretch factor of the relative neighborhood graph could be as large as the network size minus one. Notice that all of these graphs do not have constant degrees. We further propose another sparse spanner that has both constant degree and constant power stretch factor. An efficient local algorithm is presented for the construction of this spanner.
X-ray diffraction studies of sputtered thin films of platinum (1982)

The microstructure of sputtered thin films of platinum, deposited on glass substrates in the presence of argon, is investigated by x-ray diffraction. (111) layers tend to align parallel to the substrate surface and the degree of orientation depends on the film thickness, deposition rate, gas pressure, and cathode potential. These parameters can be optimized to give maximum orientation or crystallinity. From an analysis of the breadths of the (111) and (222) reflections by the variance and Fourier (Warren-Averbach) methods and from peak asymmetries, the domain size, strain, dislocations density, and faulting probability are obtained for as-prepared and annealed films. It is found that annealing decreases the strain due to dislocation. Large domain sizes with low fault and dislocation densities occur at high deposition rates and low pressures, and structural perfection is greatest when the ratio of the deposition rate to the pressure is in the region of 2000 Å min−1 Torr−1. It appears that some annealing due to particle bombardment takes place during deposition.
Generating and designing DNA with deep generative models (2017)

We propose generative neural network methods to generate DNA sequences and tune them to have desired properties. We present three approaches: creating synthetic DNA sequences using a generative adversarial network; a DNA-based variant of the activation maximization ("deep dream") design method; and a joint procedure which combines these two approaches together. We show that these tools capture important structures of the data and, when applied to designing probes for protein binding microarrays, allow us to generate new sequences whose properties are estimated to be superior to those found in the training data. We believe that these results open the door for applying deep generative models to advance genomics research.
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Compared with Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in the Treatment of Respiratory Failure in Preterm Infants (1989)

We conducted a multicenter randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of high-frequency ventilation with that of conventional mechanical ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants. Of 673 preterm infants weighing between 750 and 2000 g, 346 were assigned to receive conventional mechanical ventilation and 327 to receive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was similar in the two groups (high-frequency ventilation, 40 percent; conventional mechanical ventilation, 41 percent; P = 0.79). High-frequency ventilation did not reduce mortality (18 percent, vs. 17 percent with conventional ventilation; P = 0.73) or the level of ventilatory support during the first 28 days. The crossover rate from high-frequency ventilation to conventional mechanical ventilation was greater than the crossover rate from mechanical to high-frequency ventilation (26 vs. 17 percent; P = 0.01). High-frequency ventilation, as compared with conventional mechanical ventilation, was associated with an increased incidence of pneumoperitoneum of pulmonary origin (3 vs. 1 percent; P = 0.05), grades 3 and 4 intracranial hemorrhage (26 vs. 18 percent; P = 0.02), and periventricular leukomalacia (12 vs. 7 percent; P = 0.05). These results suggest that high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, as used in this trial, does not offer any advantage over conventional mechanical ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure in preterm infants, and it may be associated with undesirable side effects.