gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaginal Tactile Imaging (2010)

Changes in the elasticity of the vaginal walls, connective support tissues, and muscles are thought to be significant factors in the development of pelvic organ prolapse, a highly prevalent condition affecting at least 50% of women in the United States during their lifetimes. It creates two predominant concerns specific to the biomechanical properties of pelvic support tissues: how does tissue elasticity affect the development of pelvic organ prolapse and how can functional elasticity be maintained through reconstructive surgery. We designed a prototype of vaginal tactile imager (VTI) for visualization and assessment of elastic properties of pelvic floor tissues. In this paper, we analyze applicability of tactile imaging for evaluation of reconstructive surgery results and characterization of normal and pelvic organ prolapse conditions. A pilot clinical study with 13 patients demonstrated that VTI allows imaging of vaginal walls with increased rigidity due to implanted mesh grafts following reconstructive pelvic surgery and VTI has the potential for prolapse characterization and detection.
The hCG assay or pregnancy test (2011)

This review examines human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or pregnancy tests from multiple perspectives. It first investigates the molecule hCG and shows that the term represents five independent molecules differing in carbohydrate and meric structure that share a common amino acid sequence. The review goes on to show that multiple degradation produces also the need to be tested for an hCG or pregnancy test to be optimally efficient. The review then carefully examines the literature showing the sensitivity and specificity of automated laboratory tests. Point-of-care pregnancy tests are then investigated along with over-the-counter pregnancy tests. Appropriate detection of hyperglycosylated hCG, nicked hCG, nicked hCG missing the β-subunit C-terminal peptide and nicked hyperglycosylated hCG is a limitation on all pregnancy tests. In the opinion of the author, just one automated laboratory test, the Siemen’s Immulite, one point-of-care test, the Beckman-Coulter Icon 25, and one brand of over-the-counter device, First Response, are suitable for early pregnancy detection and possibly other applications.
Transport of Particles and micelles in Electrophoretic Displays (2011)

Charge motion in an electrophoretic display was modeled for multiple charged species with different mobilities. As charges move, the lowered electric field by local depletion of charges near electrodes makes the charges in the middle move slower. It takes more time to collect all the charges with a given voltage for higher initial charge concentrations. Because the charge distribution is controlled by the field distribution, charges of both polarities have similar distribution in the middle of the cell and the charge collection time is mainly governed by the slower species.
High-power InGaAsP/GaAs 0.8-μm laser diodes and peculiarities of operational characteristics (1994)

High-power operation of 3 W in pulse mode, 750 mW in quasi-continuous wave and 650 mW in continuous wave per uncoated facet from 100-μm aperture has been demonstrated for 1-mm-long cavity InGaAsP/GaAs 808-nm laser diodes prepared by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Threshold current density of 300 A/cm2, differential efficiency of 1.1 W/A, T0=155 °C, transverse beam divergence of 27°, and less than 2-nm linewidth at 808 nm have been measured. No degradation has been observed after 1000 h of operation in a quasi-continuous wave regime.
Molecular biology of the angiotensin I converting enzyme: I. Biochemistry and structure of the gene (1993)

Soubrier, Florent; Hubert, Christine; Testut, Patrice; Nadaud, Sophie; Alhenc-Gelas, François*; Corvol, Pierre Author Information
A Method for Mass Harvesting Islets (Brockmann Bodies) from Teleost Fish (1995)

In certain species of fish, the insulin-producing tissue is uniquely located in separate structures called Brockmann bodies (BBs). Tilapia BBs have been shown to be a simple and inexpensive source of islet cells for xenotransplantation research. Each donor tilapia contains roughly 12-15 BBs, measuring from 0.3 to 5.0 mm in maximum dimension, in a triangular region of adipose tissue bounded by the liver, stomach, and spleen/gallbladder. At present, the larger BBs (usually 2-4) are harvested by microdissecting these “BB regions” using jeweler's forceps and microvascular scissors while being visualized with the aid of a dissecting microscope. It is a simple but time-consuming task that would not be applicable for harvesting massive amounts of BB tissue for large animal studies. Therefore, we have developed an easier and more efficient method of harvesting BBs based on a standard enzymatic method for isolating human adipocytes. BB regions are harvested from donor fish and pooled into a 50 mL plastic tube containing collagenase Type II (3 mg/mL) in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS); the tube is then placed in a 37°C waterbath/shaker for roughly 15 min. The exact length of the digestion interval is determined by visual inspection of the tube to determine whether the BBs have been liberated. The digestion is then stopped by adding excess cold HBSS. The adipocytes float while the BBs and residual connective tissue (i.e., a few blood vessels, nerves, and bile ducts) form a pellet. The pellet is washed several times in HBSS and then placed in a culture dish. The BBs are easily handpicked with a siliconized pipette. Based on functional data and DNA content, this new method roughly doubles or triples our yield of BB tissue per donor fish. To determine whether BBs harvested in this manner functioned in a manner similar to those harvested by microdissection, we performed a series of transplants using mass-harvested BBs. Long-term normoglycemia was achieved in streptozotocin-diabetic nude mice and mean graft survival time was not altered in streptozotocin-diabetic euthymic balb/c mice. However, the total weight of donor fish required per recipient was decreased by 50% in both strains.
Example Based Image Analysis and Synthesis (1993)

Image analysis and graphics synthesis can be achieved with learning techniques using directly image examples without physically-based, 3D models. We describe here novel techniques for the analysis and the synthesis of new grey-level (and color) images. With the first technique, ffl the mapping from novel images to a vector of &quot;pose&quot; and &quot;expression&quot; parameters can be learned from a small set of example images using a function approximation technique that we call an analysis network; ffl the inverse mapping from input &quot;pose&quot; and &quot;expression&quot; parameters to output grey-level images can be synthesized from a small set of example images and used to produce new images under real-time control using a similar learning network, called in this case a synthesis network. This technique relies on (i) using a correspondence algorithm that matches corresponding pixels among pairs of grey-level images and effectively &quot;vectorizes&quot; them, and (ii) exploiting a class of multidimensional interpolation n...
Use of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vectors for Simian Embryonic Stem Cells (2006)

The ability to stably introduce genetic material into primate embryonic stem (ES) cells could allow broader application. In this chapter, we describe a method of gene transfer into simian (cynomolgus macaque) ES cells using a simian immunodeficiency virus-based lentivirus vector. When cynomolgus ES cells are transduced with a simian immunodeficiency virus vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, a large fraction of cells (greater than 50%) fluoresce, and high levels of GFP expression persist for months as assessed by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Thus, the use of GFP as a reporter gene allows direct and simple detection of successfully transduced ES cells and facilitates monitoring of ES cell proliferation and differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, this highly efficient gene transfer method allows faithful gene delivery to primate ES cells with potential for both research and therapeutic applications.
CASO: Cost-Aware Secure Outsourcing of General Computational Problems (2015)

Computation outsourcing is an integral part of cloud computing. It enables end-users to outsource their computational tasks to the cloud and utilize the shared cloud resources in a pay-per-use manner. However, once the tasks are outsourced, the end-users will lose control of their data, which may result in severe security issues especially when the data is sensitive. To address this problem, secure outsourcing mechanisms have been proposed to ensure security of the end-users' outsourced data. In this paper, we investigate outsourcing of general computational problems which constitute the mathematical basics for problems emerged from various fields such as engineering and finance. To be specific, we propose affine mapping based schemes for the problem transformation and outsourcing so that the cloud is unable to learn any key information from the transformed problem. Meanwhile, the overhead for the transformation is limited to an acceptable level compared to the computational savings introduced by the outsourcing itself. Furthermore, we develop cost-aware schemes to balance the trade-offs between end-users' various security demands and computational overhead. We also propose a verification scheme to ensure that the end-users will always receive a valid solution from the cloud. Our extensive complexity and security analysis show that our proposed Cost-Aware Secure Outsourcing (CASO) scheme is both practical and effective.
Quicksilver (2000)

This paper presents the design and implementation of the Quicksilver 1 quasi-static compiler for Java. Quasi-static compilation is a new approach that combines the benefits of static and dynamic compilation, while maintaining compliance with the Java standard, including support of its dynamic features. A quasi-static compiler relies on the generation and reuse of persistent code images to reduce the overhead of compilation during program execution, and to provide identical, testable and reliable binaries over different program executions. At runtime, the quasi-static compiler adapts pre-compiled binaries to the current JVM instance, and uses dynamic compilation of the code when necessary to support dynamic Java features. Our system allows interprocedural program optimizations to be performed while maintaining binary compatibility. Experimental data obtained using a preliminary implementation of a quasi-static compiler in the Jalape&ntilde;o JVM clearly demonstrates the benefits of our approach: we achieve a runtime compilation cost comparable to that of baseline (fast, non-optimizing) compilation, and deliver the runtime program performance of the highest optimization level supported by the Jalape&ntilde;o optimizing compiler. For the SPECjvm98 benchmark suite, we obtain a factor of 104 to 158 reduction in the runtime compilation overhead relative to the Jalape&ntilde;o optimizing compiler. Relative to the better of the baseline and the optimizing Jalape&ntilde;o compilers, the overall performance (taking into account both runtime compilation and execution costs) is increased by 9.2% to 91.4% for the SPECjvm98 benchmarks with size 100, and by 54% to 356% for the (shorter running) SPECjvm98 benchmarks with size 10.
Design Procedure of a Novel Microturbine Low NOx Conical Wire-Mesh Duct Burner (2009)

Abstract Nowadays, air pollution and climate change have become a global environmental problem. As a result, government regulations worldwide are becoming increasingly stringent. This has led to an urgent need to develop new designs and methods for improving combustion systems to minimize the production of toxic emissions, such as nitrogen oxides. Microturbine based cogeneration units are one of the interesting alternatives for combined electrical power and heat generation (CHP). Microturbine CHP technology still needs to be developed to increase efficiency and heat-to-power ratio and to improve operating flexibility. This can all be obtained by adding a duct burner to the CHP unit. This paper documents the design process for a novel low NOx conical wire-mesh duct burner for the development of a more efficient microcogeneration unit. This burner provides the thermal energy necessary to raise the microturbine exhaust gas temperature to increase the heat recovery capability. The duct burner implements both lean premixed and surface combustion techniques to achieve low NOx and CO emission levels. The design process includes a set of preliminary design procedures relating the use of empirical and semiempirical models. The preliminary design procedures were verified and validated for key components, such as the duct burner premixer, using the laser sheet illumination (LSI) technique. The LSI was used to study the mixing process inside the premixer fitted with different swirlers. The designed duct burner successfully operated in a blue flame mode over a wide range of conditions with NOx emissions of less than 5 ppmv and CO emissions of less than 10 ppmv (corrected to 15% O2).
Kappa Switching DC-DC Converter with Continuous Input and Output Currents Achieving 86.7% Input Ripple Suppression and 16dB Peak EMI Reduction (2020)

To achieve high power efficiency for step-up and step-down conversions, switching DC-DC power converters are widely used. However, the high di/dt and dv/dt transitions from switching converter operation create unwanted EMI noise which injects into the input and ground bus and interferes with other systems. To mitigate this, this paper presents an isolated gate driver and double-NMOS based switching DC-DC converter -the Kappa converter which has both continuous input and output currents. With two inductors isolating both input and ground respectively as well as a minimized di/dt hot loop formed by a flying capacitor and two power switches, the Kappa buck and Kappa boost converters can be configured to achieve respective step-down and step-up voltage conversions. The Kappa buck converter, with one inductor connecting to input, has a continuous input current which can significantly reduce the input ripple, mitigate EMI noise and eliminate the need of bulky input EMI filters required by the conventional buck converter. Meanwhile, the entire load current is distributed between the two inductors to reduce DCR loss, but only two power switches are required compared to conventional two-phase buck converter. A Kappa buck converter with isolated gate driver is implemented to achieve a DC-DC conversion from 48V to 5V at an I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> up to 5A. Compared to a conventional buck converter with same passive component values and operating conditions, this Kappa converter has an input ripple of 14mV, achieving 86.7% input ripple suppression and 16dB peak EMI noise reduction.
Diaphragms for acoustic instruments and method of producing the same (1983)

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Antireflection coated refractory metal matched emitters for use with GaSb thermophotovoltaic generators (2002)

GaSb thermophotovoltaic cells can be combined with infrared emitters to produce electric power. In this application, both power density and efficiency are important. High power density requires a practical target emitter temperature of 1600 K. In order to reach this temperature, spectral efficiency becomes extremely important. Radiation with wavelengths greater than 1.8 microns cannot be converted by the GaSb cells; instead, this long wavelength radiation overheats the cells, limiting power density and efficiency. A solution is to use refractory-metal coated emitters, because metals have low emittance at long wavelengths. Further, an antireflection (AR) coating on the metal can enhance the emittance in the cell convertible band. A spectral efficiency of 75% has been demonstrated for an AR coated tungsten emitter and a GaSb cell power density of 1.5 Watts/cm/sup 2/ has been measured with an AR coated tungsten emitter operating at 1555 K.
Quantum Method for Fluorescence Background Removal in DNA Melting Analysis (2013)

Fluorescent high-resolution DNA melting analysis is a robust method of genotyping and mutation scanning. However, removing background fluorescence is important for accurate classification and to correctly display helicity. Linear baseline extrapolation, commonly used with absorbance, often fails at low temperatures when fluorescence is used. A new quantum method of background removal based on the inherent decrease of fluorescence with temperature is described. Absorbance and fluorescence melting curves were compared using synthetic targets including hairpins, unlabeled probes, and a 50 bp duplex. In addition, the quantum method was compared to a previously described exponential method for analysis of genotyping data produced after polymerase chain reaction (PCR), including those from small amplicons, unlabeled probes, and snapback primers. The quantum method best matched absorbance data and predicted helicity, with the exponential method displaying low-temperature bulges and domain artifacts that can lead to incorrect genotyping. When two melting domains were widely separated, quantum analysis produced a flat baseline between domains, while exponential analysis was temperature-dependent. Both methods have little effect on the melting temperature (Tm) although some differences were significant (hairpin Tm values increased 0.7 °C by the quantum method and decreased 1.5 °C by exponential method, p = 0.01). However, peak heights on derivative plots were strongly algorithm-dependent, with exponential analysis enhancing low-temperature peaks while dampening high-temperature peaks. Quantum-analyzed fluorescence curves were a better match to absorbance data in terms of shape, area, and peak height compared to other methods, indicating that DNA helicity is best approximated by the quantum method.
Cooling test of the 500 m class superconducting DC power transmission system (2017)

Recently, 500 m and 1000 m class superconducting DC power transmission systems were constructed in the Ishikari area in Japan and the cooling test of the 500 m system was performed. The heat leak of the cryogenic pipe and the total heat load of the system were estimated in the cooling test. The cryogenic pipe of the system has two inner pipes in one outer pipe for circulation. The heat leak was 0.98 W/m and 0.44 W/m for each inner pipe. The total heat load of the system was 1.37 kW except for the heat load by the current feeding and the circulation pumps, while the total cooling power of the system was approximately 3 kW. The pressure drop of the circulation was measured to be 19.5 kPa at the rated flow rate of 30 L/min for the 1000 m circulation both ways in the 500 m transmission line. By the cooling test, it was confirmed that the system can be operated stably.
Test of 1.2 MVA high- superconducting fault current limiter (1997)

A three-phase superconducting fault current limiter with a rated power of 1.2 MVA has been built, tested and installed in a power plant. The device is based on the `shielded iron core concept'. The superconducting part consists of a stack of rings made of Bi-2212 ceramic. They were fabricated by a special partial melt process and have a diameter of 38 cm, a height of 8 cm and a thickness of 1.8 mm. The current - voltage characteristic obeys a power law with . The critical current density defined by the criterion is about . The nominal current and voltage of the device are 70 A and 10.5 kV, respectively. In three-phase short-circuit tests with a prospective fault current of 60 kA the current was limited to about 700 A in the first half-wave. After 50 ms the limited current was below 250 A. The test results are in excellent agreement with detailed simulations of both the normal operation and the behaviour under fault conditions. The current limiter has been installed in the auxiliary line of a hydropower plant for a 1 year endurance test. It is the first superconducting device tested in a power plant under actual operating conditions.
Protein-Protein Interactions in Signaling Cascades (2006)

The process of signal transduction is dependent on specific protein-protein interactions. In many cases, these interactions are mediated by modular protein domains that confer specific binding activity to the proteins in which they are found. Rapid progress has been made in the biochemical characterization of binding interactions, the identification of binding partners, and determination of the three-dimensional structures of binding modules and their ligands. The resulting information establishes the logical framework for our current understanding of the signal transduction machinery. In this chapter, a variety of protein interaction modules that participate in signaling are discussed, and issues relating to binding specificity and the significance of a particular interaction are considered.
Evaluation of Compounds that Inhibit Fatty Acid Uptake in Mice (2016)

Lipotoxicity is characterized by apoptosis due to the toxic spillover of fatty acids from adipocytes into non‐adipose tissue. Adipocytes function to store fat and then release free fatty acids during fasting and starvation. In obesity, however, storage capacity in adipocytes becomes limiting and circulating triglycerides and free fatty acids are elevated, which can lead to accumulation in non‐adipose tissue. This can result in dysfunction, especially in the liver, muscle and pancreas. The purpose of this research is to measure the degree of fatty acid uptake inhibition in mouse models by two long‐chain fatty acid transport protein inhibitors, designated lipofermata and grassofermata in previous work. 13 C 18 ‐labeled oleic acid provided in flaxseed oil was delivered to mice by gavage following administration of compound or vehicle in flaxseed oil and the animals were sacrificed and blood collected by cardiac puncture. Plasma, tissue, and fecal levels of 13 C 18 ‐oleate were assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of fatty acid methyl ester preparations (FAMES) with selective ion monitoring (SIM). We found 13 C 18 ‐oleate uptake to be inhibited by approximately 40% (grassofermata) and 75% (lipofermata) in mice sacrificed six hours after labeled oleate gavage. This work demonstrates effective inhibition of these compounds in short‐term studies and calls for further characterization of these inhibitors in long‐term investigations, which may ultimately have implications as pharmaceutical therapies. Support or Funding Information Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, USDA Hatch and NIFA