gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid therapy in epilepsy (2019)

Identification of CBD, Δ9-THC, and the endocannabinoid system in the mid-20th century has led to advancement of cannabis-based therapies for epilepsy. Based on clinical trial data, Epidiolex is the first CBD medication approved by a national regulatory agency (US Food and Drug Administration for Dravet and Lennox Gastaut syndrome; European Medicines Agency for Lennox Gastaut syndrome). Approval of CBD as a treatment for these rare and severe pediatric-onset epilepsy syndromes is an important milestone, but the complete spectrum of use of cannabis-derived products, and the use of CBD for other epilepsy syndromes remains to be determined.
VIP: Joint traffic engineering and caching in Named Data Networks (2015)

Emerging information-centric networking architectures seek to optimally utilize both bandwidth and storage for efficient content distribution. This highlights the need for joint design of traffic engineering and caching strategies. We present a systematic framework for joint dynamic interest request forwarding and dynamic cache placement and eviction, within the context of the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture. The framework employs a virtual control plane which operates on the user demand rate for data objects in the network, and an actual plane which handles Interest Packets and Data Packets. We develop distributed algorithms within the virtual plane to achieve network load balancing through dynamic forwarding and caching, thereby maximizing the user demand rate that the NDN network can satisfy. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the resulting algorithms for the actual plane in terms of low user delay.
An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for <em>Clostridium difficile</em> infection (2016)

Clostridium difficile continues to be one of the most prevalent hospital-acquired bacterial infections in the developed world, despite the recent introduction of a novel and effective antibiotic agent (fidaxomicin). Alternative approaches under investigation to combat the anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria include fecal transplantation therapy, vaccines, and antibody-based immunotherapies. In this review, we catalog the recent advances in antibody-based approaches under development and in the clinic for the treatment of C. difficile infection. By and large, inhibitory antibodies that recognize the primary C. difficile virulence factors, toxin A and toxin B, are the most popular passive immunotherapies under investigation. We provide a detailed summary of the toxin epitopes recognized by various antitoxin antibodies and discuss general trends on toxin inhibition efficacy. In addition, antibodies to other C. difficile targets, such as surface-layer proteins, binary toxin, motility factors, and adherence and colonization factors, are introduced in this review.
Reduced-Diameter Designs of Coax-Fed Microwave Ablation Antennas Equipped With Baluns (2016)

We present a technique for minimizing the impact of coaxial baluns on the invasiveness of coax-fed microwave ablation (MWA) antennas. The technique uses an air-filled coax section at the end of a Teflon-filled coaxial feedline. The air-filled coax section has a smaller outer-conductor diameter compared to the Teflon-filled coax section for the same inner conductor diameter and characteristic impedance. Therefore, the coaxial balun used in a typical MWA antenna can be implemented on the air-filled coax section without exceeding the outer diameter of the Teflon-filled coaxial feedline. The efficacy of this technique is demonstrated for two different MWA antennas, a choke dipole and a floating sleeve dipole. Prototypes of these antennas as well as prototypes of their unmodified versions were designed, fabricated, and used to perform ablation experiments in ex vivo porcine muscle at 7 GHz with a power level of 30 W for 5 min. Simulation and measurement results confirmed that the modified antennas had similar responses as the unmodified antennas while offering 30% smaller diameters compared to their conventional balun-equipped coax-fed MWA antennas. Specifically, the antennas exhibited good impedance matching and produced localized ablation zones with shapes and dimensions similar to those produced by the original designs.
MEMS conformal electrode array for retinal implant (2004)

Retinal prosthesis projects around the world have been pursuing a functional replacement system for patients with retinal degeneration. In this paper, the concept for a micromachined conformal electrode array is outlined. Individual electrodes are designed to float on micromachined springs on a substrate that will enable the adjustment of spring constants-and therefore contact force-by adjusting the dimensions of the springs at each electrode. This also allows the accommodation of the varying curvature/topography of the retina. We believe that this approach provides several advantages by improving the electrode/tissue interface as well as generating some new options for in-situ measurements and overall system design.
CD247, a Novel T Cell–Derived Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Detecting Disease Progression and Severity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

Our results suggest the use of CD247 as a biomarker in diabetic patients for evaluating the state of chronic inflammation that contributes to morbidity and mortality in this disease and for the prediction of future cardiovascular events.
Epitaxial graphene (2012)

Graphene is widely regarded as an important new electronic material with interesting two-dimensional electron gas properties. Not only that, but graphene is widely considered to be an important new material for large-scale integrated electronic devices that may eventually even succeed silicon. In fact, there are countless publications that demonstrate the amazing applications potential of graphene. In order to realize graphene electronics, a platform is required that is compatible with large-scale electronics processing methods. It was clear from the outset that graphene grown epitaxially on silicon carbide substrates was exceptionally well suited as a platform for graphene-based electronics, not only because the graphene sheets are grown directly on electronics-grade silicon carbide (an important semiconductor in its own right), but also because these sheets are oriented with respect to the semiconductor. Moreover, the extremely high temperatures involved in production assure essentially defect-free and contamination-free materials with well-defined interfaces. Epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide is not a unique material, but actually a class of materials. It is a complex structure consisting of a reconstructed silicon carbide surface, which, for planar hexagonal silicon carbide, is either the silicon- or the carbon-terminated face, an interfacial carbon rich layer, followed by one or more graphene layers. Consequently, the structure of graphene films on silicon carbide turns out to be a rich surface-science puzzle that has been intensively studied and systematically unravelled with a wide variety of surface science probes. Moreover, the graphene films produced on the carbon-terminated face turn out to be rotationally stacked, resulting in unique and important structural and electronic properties. Finally, in contrast to essentially all other graphene production methods, epitaxial graphene can be grown on structured silicon carbide surfaces to produce graphene nanostructured without patterning the graphene itself. This method produces graphene nanostructures with atomically smooth edges that ultimately determine the transport properties of these structures. The coherent collection of papers in this special issue of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics provides a snapshot of the current state of the art, presented by leading experts, highlighting various aspects of the science and technology of epitaxial graphene. This collection systematically addresses the production of epitaxial graphene on the two polar faces of silicon carbide, as well as the structural and electronic properties of the graphene films. Special attention is paid to the rapidly emerging field of chemically modified graphene, which promises to introduce a bandgap into the electronic structure of graphene, which is critical for many electronic applications. Also presented are methods to incorporate properties of the silicon carbide itself, as well as advanced methods to produce high-quality graphene and graphene nanostructures using structured growth methods.
Segmentation of suspicious densities in digital mammograms (2001)

State-of-the-art algorithms for detection of masses in mammograms are very sensitive but they also detect many normal regions with slightly suspicious features. Based on segmentations of detected regions, shape and intensity features can be computed that discriminate between normal and abnormal regions. These features can be used to discard false positive detections and hence improve the specificity of the detection method. In this work two different methods to segment suspect regions were examined. A number of different implementations of a region growing method were compared to a discrete dynamic contour method. Both methods were applied to a consecutive data set of 132 mammograms containing masses and architectural distortions, taken from the Dutch screening program. Evaluation of the performance of the methods was done in two different ways. In the first experiment, the segmentations of masses were compared to annotations made by the radiologist. In the second experiment, a number of features were computed for all segmented areas, normal and abnormal, based on which regions were classified with a neural network. The most sophisticated region growing method and the method using the dynamic contour model had a similar performance when evaluation was based on the overlap of the annotations. The second experiment showed that the contours generated by the discrete dynamic contour model were more suited for computation of discriminating features. Contrast features were especially useful to improve the performance of the detection method.
Photopolymer recording media for high density holographic data storage (2002)

To better meet the needs of holographic data storage, we designed a new type of polymer system that is composed of two independently polymerizable and compatible chemical systems: low refractive index matrix precursors and high refractive index photopolymerizable monomers. The matrix of our media is formed by an in-situ polymerization to yield a cross-linked network in the presence of the photopolymerizable monomers, which remain dissolved and unreacted. Holographic exposure polymerizes the photoactive monomer(s); the unreacted monomers diffuse through the matrix producing a modulation in the refractive index that is determined by the difference between the refractive indices of the monomer and matrix.
Neural network-based modelling of the adequate chlorine dosage for drinking water disinfection (1996)

A neural network modelling approach has been developed to estimate the disinfectant dose adjustments required during water re-chlorination in storage tanks. The approach is based on representative operational and water quality historical data which intrinsically characterize the operators' use of know-how in their routine tasks. The development of the model requires the elimination of the historical cases in which re-chlorination results were inadequate. The results obtained for the model demonstrate that neural networks are capable of satisfactorily identifying the knowledge patterns contained in data with regard to the re-chlorination process for both winter and summer conditions. The practical use of such a model may assist operators in adjusting re-chlorination doses and may favour chlorine economization and the improvement of the water quality in the distribution system. Key words: drinking water, neural networks, distribution systems, chlorination, modelling, water quality.
Depletion of circulating α2-antiplasmin by intravenous plasmin or immunoneutralization reduces focal cerebral ischemic injury in the absence of arterial recanalization (2001)

In the absence of arterial recanalization, thrombolytic agents induce a dose-related extension of focal cerebral ischemic injury (FII) in experimental animals. However, FII is smaller in mice lacking alpha(2)-antiplasmin (alpha(2)-AP), the physiologic inhibitor of plasmin, suggesting its depletion might reduce FII in the absence of reperfusion. Therefore, the effect of human plasmin (Pli), human miniplasmin (mPli), and an Fab fragment neutralizing murine alpha(2)-AP (Fab-4H9) on FII after middle cerebral artery (MCA) ligation was studied in mice and in hamsters. In BALB/c mice, the median FII after 24 hours was 28 microL (range, 20-34) (n = 10) with saline and 23 microL (range, 17-26) (n = 9) with a single bolus of 0.07 mg Pli, given after MCA ligation (P =.010), which reduced alpha(2)-AP to 44% and fibrinogen from 0.75 to 0.44 g/L. FII was 20 microL (range, 13-26) (n = 6, P =.025) with 0.2 mg mPli and was 24 microL (range, 20-27) (n = 6, P =.020) with 1.7 mg Fab-4H9. Neuronal atrophy and reduction of laminin immunoreactivity were comparably observed in the infarct area after saline and Pli. In hamsters, a single bolus injection of 1 mg Pli, after MCA ligation, depleted alpha(2)-AP and fibrinogen and reduced FII at 24 hours from 20 microL (range, 9.9-38) (n = 6) to 7.0 microL (range, 0.44-31) (n = 7, P =.032). Thus, reduction of circulating alpha(2)-AP, with a single bolus of plasmin or of a neutralizing antibody fragment, significantly reduced FII after MCA ligation in mouse and hamster models, suggesting that, provided these observations can be extrapolated to human beings, transient depletion of circulating alpha(2)-AP might reduce ischemic stroke in the absence of reperfusion.
Brain network activation (bna) analysis as a biomarker for concussion assessment and management (2017)

Objective There is a need for objective biomarkers to help identify concussion, monitor recovery, and assist clinicians in managing patients. Brain network activation (BNA) analysis is a high-density, multi-channel mapping and analysis technology that uses a subject’s event-related potentials to describe cortical activity and functional connectivity. The current study describes BNA analysis in three patients who sustained a concussion. Design Case series. Setting Three primary concussion clinics in the USA. Participants Three subjects who sustained a concussion, ages 16 to 31 years, one male and two females. Outcome measures BNA score, a measure of the how similar the subject’s brain activity was to a normative population (0%=no similarity, 100%=complete similarity); Patient-reported symptoms. Main results In the acute time period following their concussion, each patient’s BNA score decreased to 10–20%, indicating little similarity to brain activity and connectivity of normative populations. The immediate reduction in BNA score during this time period was accompanied by concussion-related symptoms reported by each patient. In a longitudinal BNA analysis, the patients’ BNA scores returned to within a normal range between 23 and 30 days following concussion. In contrast, the recovery trajectory of patients’ symptoms varied, with one patient no longer reporting symptoms of concussion though the BNA score was still outside the normal range, while another patient continued to report symptoms of concussion after the BNA score returned to the normal range. Conclusions BNA analysis could provide a biomarker to augment current approaches to assessing and managing patients with concussion. Competing interests AR and HO are employed by ElMindA, the company that manufacturers the BNA technology. APK acts as a consultant for ElMindA, the National Basketball Association, National Hockey League Players’ Association, National Football League Players’ Association, and US Ski and Snowboard Association. JK, RJE, JG, and DJM None.
Vibration wave motor (1989)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ichiro Okumura, Hitoshi Mukohjima, Sadayuki Ueha; Vibration wave motor. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 June 1989; 85 (6): 2690–2691. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.397332 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Production of Alcohol from Apple Pomace (1981)

Production of ethyl alcohol from apple pomace with a Montrachet strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is described. More than 43 g of the ethyl alcohol could be produced per kg of apple pomace fermented at 30 degrees C in 24 h. The fermentation efficiency of this process was approximately 89%.
First results in the development of a pneumatically driven temporary left ventricle assist device (2013)

Objectives: Critically ill patients after a heart attack or before/after heart surgery need temporary circulatory assistance. Intra-aortic counterpulsation and electric heart-assist pumps are clinically used to increase cardiac output and support the failing heart temporarily. Both systems have their limitations in regaining full recovery of myocardial jeopardy. We conceptualized a pneumatic tiny blood pump integrating both benefits (i.e. unloading the left ventricle and increasing coronary circulation).
MULLERIAN INHIBITING SUBSTANCE: A FETAL HORMONE WITH SURGICAL IMPLICATIONS (1985)

Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) is secreted from the fetal (and postnatal) testis and is known to cause regression of the Mullerian ducts, the anlage of the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper vagina. It is a large glycoprotein hormone, the action of which appears to be modulated by sex steroids: mainly testosterone in mammals and oestrogen in birds. Recent evidence has raised the possibility that its action may be to diminish cell surface phosphorylation and thereby change the direction of differentiation of the Mullerian duct towards regression. Other suspected functions for MIS include control of testicular descent and inhibition of malignant tumours of the female genital tract.
Simple magnetostatic delay lines (1983)

Abstract : The authors describe, through calculation and experiment, how simple, single finger, microstrip transducers may be used to demonstrate both linearly dispersive and constant delay type magnetostatic delay lines. The desired delay behavior is achieved over some useful measure of bandwidth through the influence of a close proximity ground plane to the yttrium iron garnet film. The two limitations of this technique are pointed out and one possible remedy to one of them is shown. (Author)
Intrinsic Shuttle Suppression in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Pouch Cell Application (2017)

A new lithium-sulfur secondary battery concept is presented, realistically portrayed on pouch cell level, with its decisive element being a new electrolyte system, a mixture of a hydrofluoro ether and sulfolane. The hereby suppressed polysulfide solubility enables high discharge capacities and requires only very low electrolyte excess (< 2.6 µl mgS-1) achieving high coulomb efficiencies above 94 % (capacity retention of 77 % over 40 cycles) without the necessity of adding lithium nitrate for shuttle suppression. Due to the low volatility, this new electrolyte concept promises significant benefits for large operational battery units.
Information access using speech, speaker and face recognition (2002)

We describe a scheme to combine the results of audio and face identification for multimedia indexing and retrieval. Audio analysis consists of speech and speaker recognition derived from a broadcast news video clip. The video component is analyzed to identify the persons in the same video clip using face recognition. When applied individually both speaker and face recognition schemes have limitations on conditions under which they perform reasonably well. By integrating the match-score results of both audio and video analysis, we find that the two techniques can complement each other. We discuss the system architecture for such a combined system, and discuss how decision fusion is applied to disparate match-scoring systems to yield the final speaker identity.
Constraint-based XML query rewriting for data integration (2004)

We study the problem of answering queries through a target schema, given a set of mappings between one or more source schemas and this target schema, and given that the data is at the sources. The schemas can be any combination of relational or XML schemas, and can be independently designed. In addition to the source-to-target mappings, we consider as part of the mapping scenario a set of target constraints specifying additional properties on the target schema. This becomes particularly important when integrating data from multiple data sources with overlapping data and when such constraints can express data merging rules at the target. We define the semantics of query answering in such an integration scenario, and design two novel algorithms, basic query rewrite and query resolution, to implement the semantics. The basic query rewrite algorithm reformulates target queries in terms of the source schemas, based on the mappings. The query resolution algorithm generates additional rewritings that merge related information from multiple sources and assemble a coherent view of the data, by incorporating target constraints. The algorithms are implemented and then evaluated using a comprehensive set of experiments based on both synthetic and real-life data integration scenarios.
Development and Evaluation of a Continuous Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub>Mass Monitor (2000)

A Continuous Ambient Mass Monitor (CAMM) for fine particle mass (PM2.5) has recently been developed at the Harvard School of Public Health. The principle of this method is based on the measurement of the increase in pressure drop across a membrane filter (FluoroporeTM) during particle sampling. The monitor consists of a conventional impactor inlet to remove particles larger than 2.5 mu m, a diffusion dryer to remove particle-bound water, a filter tape to collect particles, a filter tape transportation system to allow unassisted sampling, and a data acquisition and control unit. For each sampling period (typically 30- 60 min), a new segment of the filter tape is exposed so that particles remain close to equilibrium with the sample air during their collection. This results in mini mization of volatilization and adsorption artifacts during sampling. Furthermore, since the required flow rate for the fine particle mass monitoring channel is only 0.3 L / min, the relative humidity of the air sample can be easily reduced to 40% or less using a NafionTM diffusion dryer to remove particle-bound water. The CAMM has a detection limit of > 5 mu g / m3 for PM2.5 concentrations averaged over 1 h. The performance of the newly developed monitor was investigated through laboratory and field studies. Laboratory tests included a calibration of the CAMM using polystyrene latex (PSL) and silica particles. A series of field studies were conducted in 7 cities with presumably different PM2.5 chemical composition. The 24 1-h CAMM measurements were averaged and compared to Harvard Impactor (HI) 24 h PM2.5 integrated measurements. Based on 211 valid sampling days, the measurements obtained from the Harvard Impactor and the CAMM were highly correlated (r2 = 0.90). The average CAMM-to-HI concentration ratio was 1.07 (+- 0.18).