gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precision Wireless Implantable Continuous Intraocular Pressure Sensors Utilizing Parylene-on-oil Encapsulation (2018)

Purpose : To demonstrate the precision of a first of its kind fully implantable continuous wireless pressure sensor that measures true intraocular pressure (IOP) and leverages commercially fabricated microelectromechanical (MEMS) components with embedded temperature compensation to ensure superb reliability.\nMethods : The continuous IOP sensor, with a form factor similar to an aqueous shunt, is designed to be implanted with the electronics in the superotemporal or inferotemporal subtenon's space with a flexible 23-gauge silicone tube permanently inserted into the anterior chamber or the pars plana. It consists of a parylene-on-oil packaged LPS25H MEMS barometer with temperature compensation (STMicroelectronics, Geneva, Switzerland), capacitors, and a custom designed integrated circuit, all assembled on a flexible polyimide substrate. Devices were tested on the benchtop. Ex vivo porcine eyes were vitrectomized, and the IOP sensor tube placed into the pars plana through one of the sclerotomies. The IOP was varied using the pressure setting on the vitrector, and resultant pressure readings from the sensor were analyzed.\nResults : Photographs of the fabricated device are shown in Fig. 1(a-b).1 In air, the wireless device has demonstrated 0.17 mmHg pressure sensitivity. Accelerated-lifetime saline soak testing of the packaged barometer itself has demonstrated stability for an extrapolated 20 months to date. A photograph of the ex vivo wireless porcine eye setup is shown in Fig. 1c. In addition to excellent precision during IOP sweeps, a step from 5 to 75 resulted in a 69.92 mmHg change as measured by the sensor (Fig. 2). A slow ramp down after changing the setting on the vitrector back to 5 mmHg is seen because the eye is essentially a closed system.\nConclusions : A breakthrough wireless IOP sensor has been realized utilizing a commercially fabricated barometer and a custom integrated circuit as its backbone. All testing to date, including ex vivo porcine data, demonstrates superior reliability and precision.
Suppression of carrier leakage in 4.8 μm - emitting quantum cascade lasers (2010)

In this work we show that by using both deep quantum wells and tall barriers in the active regions of quantum cascade (QC)-laser structures and by tapering the conduction-band edge of both injector an extractor regions one can significantly reduce the leakage of the injected carriers. Threshold-current, Jth and differential-quantum efficiency, etad characteristic temperatures, T0 and T1, values as high as 278 K and 285 K are obtained to 90 °C heatsink temperature, which means that Jth and etad vary ~ 2.5 slower over the 20-90 °C temperature range than in conventional QC devices. Modified equations for Jth and etad are derived. In particular, the equation for etad includes, for the first time, its dependence on heatsink temperature. A model for the thermal excitation of injected carriers from the upper lasing level to upper active-region energy states from where they relax to lower active-region energy states or get scattered to the upper Gamma miniband is employed to estimate carrier leakage. Good agreement with experiment is obtained for both conventional QC lasers and deep-well (DW)-QC lasers.
Lipoteichoic Acids from<i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i>Strain La1 and<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>Strain La10 Antagonize the Responsiveness of Human Intestinal Epithelial HT29 Cells to Lipopolysaccharide and Gram-Negative Bacteria (2002)

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria in the presence of the soluble form of CD14 (sCD14), a major endotoxin receptor. Since sCD14 is also known to interact with gram-positive bacteria and their components, we looked at whether sCD14 could mediate their effects on human IECs. To this end, we examined the production of proinflammatory cytokines following exposure of the IECs to specific gram-positive bacteria or their lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) in the absence and presence of human milk as a source of sCD14. In contrast to LPS from Escherichia coli or Salmonella enteritidis, neither the gram-positive bacteria Lactobacillus johnsonii strain La1 and Lactobacillus acidophilus strain La10 nor their LTAs stimulated IECs, even in the presence of sCD14. However, both LTAs inhibited the sCD14-mediated LPS responsiveness of IECs. We have previously hypothesized that sCD14 in human milk is a means by which the neonate gauges the bacterial load in the intestinal lumen and liberates protective proinflammatory cytokines from IECs. The present observations suggest that gram-positive organisms, via their LTAs, temper this response and prevent an exaggerated inflammatory response.
The Next Frontier: Electrodeposition for Solar Cell Fabrication (2011)

Electrodeposition for solar cells is an active area of research and it has been shown to provide improved benefits in several solar technologies. For the silicon solar cell contacts, electrodeposited metal contacts result in 1-2% solar cell efficiency improvement due to a lower processing temperature with better yield than screen printing, improved contact resistance, lower overall resistance, and the ability to fabricate smaller contacts that reflect less sunlight. This film electrodeposited chalcopyrite and kesterite offer very low-cost manufacturing. They can be used with rigid glass or flexible metallic substrates potentially opening up new applications for solar energy.
Mobile Ion Compensation in Photorefractive Media for Multiplex Holography (1996)

Volume holography is an important candidate for data storage and data processing applications. Its advantages lie in the inherent high capacity of volume memory, fast access due to optical addressing, and fast transfer rates due to the parallel nature of holography [1]. Multiple holograms, or data pages, may be stored using angular multiplexing, wavelength multiplexing, and related techniques. Capacity is determined by the angular bandwidth of the signal, the number of holographic pages, and the acceptable level of noise due to crosstalk and other sources present in the system. Volume holography is also an important candidate for optical interconnects and wavelength division multiplexing in communications and computing systems. Frequently, the same criteria required for data storage coincide with those required for other applications.
Protograph based LDPC codes with minimum distance linearly growing with block size (2005)

We propose several LDPC code constructions that simultaneously achieve good threshold and error floor performance. Minimum distance is shown to grow linearly with block size (similar to regular codes of variable degree at least 3) by considering ensemble average weight enumerators. Our constructions are based on projected graph, or protograph, structures that support high-speed decoder implementations. As with irregular ensembles, our constructions are sensitive to the proportion of degree-2 variable nodes. A code with too few such nodes tends to have an iterative decoding threshold that is far from the capacity threshold. A code with too many such nodes tends to not exhibit a minimum distance that grows linearly in block length. In this paper we also show that preceding can be used to lower the threshold of regular LDPC codes. The decoding thresholds of the proposed codes, which have linearly increasing minimum distance in block size, outperform that of regular LDPC codes. Furthermore, a family of low to high rate codes, with thresholds that adhere closely to their respective channel capacity thresholds, is presented. Simulation results for a few example codes show that the proposed codes have low error floors as well as good threshold SNR performance.
Development of the Biostator Glucose clamping algorithm. (1982)

The "glucose clamping" technique has been proposed as a method for the early detection of a beginning derangement of glucose homeostasis and thus for the possible prevention of maturity-onset diabetes. This technique interrupts the physiological glucose-insulin relationship by placing a patient's blood glucose concentration under an investigator's control, for quantification of the pancreatic beta-cell response during hyperglycemic clamps and of sensitivity of body tissue to exogenous insulin during normoglycemic clamps. We report the development of a glucose clamping algorithm for use with the Biostator glucose-controlled insulin-infusion system (Horm. Metab. Res., Suppl. 8: 23-33, 1977). This algorithm adds simplicity and precision to the glucose clamping procedure and reduces operator effort to a minimum. We describe the early development of the algorithm with a model system and report evaluations made during animal studies and preliminary investigations with human subjects.
Preliminary investigation of a multiple-image radiography method (2003)

Conventional radiography seeks to produce, at each location in the image plane, a measure of the X-ray absorption of the object. In this paper, we present a method of determining a much more complete object description at each point, namely the intensity distribution (as a function of angle) of the emerging X-ray beam. From this distribution one can compute many different images, depicting the refraction, absorption, and scattering characteristics of the object. The method is based on acquisition of multiple X-ray images using monochromator and analyzer crystals, followed by a deconvolution operation (over angle) at each pixel. Parameters of the deconvolved angular intensity function are measured to obtain the various images of interest. We present experimental results obtained using X-rays produced by a synchrotron, along with simulated images showing the effect of noise in a hypothetical photon-limited imaging situation.
Metastasis-Inducing S100A4 Protein: Implication in Non-Malignant Human Pathologies (2008)

The role of S100A4 in tumor progression and metastasis is well documented in numerous research articles and summarized in several reviews. Currently S100A4 is categorized as an essential metastasis-promoting factor whose production and secretion from "activated" stromal cells (fibroblasts, immunocytes and vascular cells) is initiated and stimulated by signals derived in tumor cells (cytokines, growth factors and others). However recent data gained from experimental and clinical studies significantly extend our knowledge on S100A4. Implications of S100A4 in various non-malignant pathological conditions have been demonstrated by number of research groups. In the mini-review we attempted to highlight the role of S100A4 in other than cancer important human pathologies, such as autoimmune inflammation (RA) and disorders in cardio-vascular, nervous and pulmonary systems. We suggest that diverse human diseases might have common molecular components and pathway(s). Possibly, inflammatory machinery and S100A4 as its intrinsic constituent could contribute to the pathogenesis of various disorders. Therefore, we presume that facts on S100A4 performance could be attractive for broad range of researchers and clinicians.
Transplantation of human hepatocytes into tolerized genetically immunocompetent rats (2001)

To determine whether normal genetically immunocompetent rodent hosts could be manipulated to accept human hepatocyte transplants with long term survival without immunosuppression. METHODS T o l e r a n c e t o w a r d s h u m a n hepatocytes was established by injection of primary human hepatocytes or Huh7 human hepatoma cells into the peritoneal cavities of fetal rats. Corresponding cells were subsequently transplanted into newborn rats via intrasplenic injection within 24h after birth. RESULTS Mixed lymphocyte assays showed that spleen cells from non-tolerized rats were stimulated to proliferate when exposed to human hepatocytes, while cells from tolerized rats were not. Injections made between 15d and 17d of gestation produced optimal tolerizaton. Transplanted human hepatocytes in rat livers were visualized by immunohistochemical staining of human albumin. By dot blotting of genomic DNA in livers of tolerized rats 16 weeks after hepatocyte transplantation, it was found that approximately 2.510 5 human hepatocytes survived per rat liver. Human albumin mRNA was detected in rat livers by RT-PCR for 15wk, and human albumin protein was also detectable in rat serum. CONCLUSION Tolerization of an immunocompetent rat can permit transplantation, and survival of functional human hepatocytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring Nanoporous Materials by Atomic Layer Deposition (2011)

Abstract Review: 90 refs.
A walking controller for a powered ankle prosthesis (2014)

This paper describes a walking controller implemented on a powered ankle prosthesis prototype and assessed by a below-knee amputee subject on a treadmill at three speeds. The walking controller is a finite state machine which emulates a series of passive impedance functions at the joint in order to reproduce the behavior of a healthy joint. The assessments performed demonstrate the ability of the powered prosthesis prototype and walking controller to reproduce essential biomechanical aspects (i.e. joint angle, torque, and power profiles) of the healthy joint, especially relative to a passive prosthesis.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Dehydration of Fatty Acids for the Production of Linear Alpha Olefins (2014)

A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative dehydration reaction of carboxylic acids is reported. This method transforms abundant and renewable even-numbered natural fatty acids into valuable and expensive odd-numbered alpha olefins. Additionally, the chemistry displays a high functional group tolerance. The process employs low loading of palladium catalyst and proceeds under solvent-free and relatively mild conditions.
An SLA-oriented capacity planning tool for streaming media services (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of mapping the requirements of a known media service workload into the corresponding system resource requirements and accurately sizing a media server cluster to handle the workload. In this paper, we propose a new capacity planning framework for evaluating the resources needed for processing a given streaming media workload with specified performance requirements. The performance requirements are specified in a service level agreement (SLA) containing: i) basic capacity requirements that define the percentage of time the configuration is capable of processing the workload without performance degradation while satisfying bounds on system utilization; and ii) performability requirements that define the acceptable degradation of service performance during the remaining, non-compliant time and in case of node failures. Using a set of specially benchmarked media server configurations, the capacity planning tool matches the overall capacity requirements of the media service workload profile with the specified SLAs to identify the number of nodes necessary to support the required service performance.
Scalable selector architecture for x-tolerant deterministic BIST (2004)

X-tolerant deterministic BIST (XDBIST) was recently presented as a method to efficiently compress and apply scan patterns generated by automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) in a logic built-in self-test architecture. In this paper we introduce a novel selector architecture that allows arbitrary compression ratios, scales to any number of scan chains and minimizes area overhead. XDBIST test-coverage, full X-tolerance and scan-based diagnosis ability are preserved and are the same as deterministic scan-ATPG.
High capacity lossless data hiding based on integer wavelet transform (2004)

This paper proposes a novel approach to high capacity lossless data hiding based on integer wavelet transform, which embeds high capacity data into the most insensitive bit-planes of wavelet coefficients. Specifically, three high capacity lossless data hiding methods, namely A, B and C are proposed. Method A is the traditional lossless data hiding technique, which can losslessly recover the original image. The capacity can reach 1/10 of the data volume that the original image occupies and histogram modification is used to prevent over/underflow. Method B is not a traditional lossless data hiding technique. It can only losslessly recover the pre-processed image instead of the original image. However, the capacity can reach 1/2 of the data volume that the original image occupies. It has better visual quality than replacing the four least significant bit-planes in the spatial domain. Method C has not only the larger capacity but also better visual quality than Method B. However, it can only losslessly recover the hidden data. These three methods passed through the test on all 1096 images of CorelDraw database. These techniques can be applied to e-government, e-business, e-medical data systems, e-law enforcement and military systems.
Improvement of Immunogenicity of Meningococcal Lipooligosaccharide by Coformulation with Lipidated Transferrin-Binding Protein B in Liposomes: Implications for Vaccine Development (2012)

Among various meningococcal antigens, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and recombinant lipidated transferrin-binding protein B (rlip-TbpB) are considered to be putative vaccine candidates against group B Neisseria meningitidis. In the present work, we report the development of a new liposome-based vaccine formulation containing both rlip-TbpB and L8 LOS. The endotoxic activity of the liposomal LOS was evaluated in vitro using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay and compared to the endotoxic activity of free LOS. Above a 250:1 lipid/LOS molar ratio, liposomes were shown to effectively detoxify the LOS as the endotoxic activity of the LOS was reduced by more than 99%. Immunogenicity studies in rabbits showed that the presence of rlip-TbpB dramatically increased the immunogenicity of the LOS. While the formulation raised a strong anti-TbpB response, it elicited a higher anti-LOS IgG level than the liposomal LOS alone. Sera from rabbits immunized with rlip-TbpB/liposomal LOS displayed increased ability to recognize LOS on live bacteria expressing the L8 immunotype and increased anti-LOS-specific bactericidal activity compared to sera from rabbits immunized with liposomal LOS alone. Measurement of interleukin-8 (IL-8) produced by HEK293 cells transfected with Toll-like receptor (TLR) after stimulation with rlip-TbpB showed that the protein is a TLR2 agonist, which is in accordance with the structure of its lipid. Furthermore, an in vivo study demonstrated that the lipid moiety is not only required for its adjuvant effect but also has to be linked to the protein. Overall, the rlip-TbpB/LOS liposomal formulation was demonstrated to induce an effective anti-LOS response due to the adjuvant effect of rlip-TbpB on LOS.
Micro-Specialization in DBMSes (2012)

Relational database management systems are general in the sense that they can handle arbitrary schemas, queries, and modifications, this generality is implemented using runtime metadata lookups and tests that ensure that control is channelled to the appropriate code in all cases. Unfortunately, these lookups and tests are carried out even when information is available that renders some of these operations superfluous, leading to unnecessary runtime overheads. This paper introduces micro-specialization, an approach that uses relation- and query-specific information to specialize the DBMS code at runtime and thereby eliminate some of these overheads. We develop a taxonomy of approaches and specialization times and propose a general architecture that isolates most of the creation and execution of the specialized code sequences in a separate DBMS-independent module. Through three illustrative types of micro-specializations applied to PostgreSQL, we show that this approach requires minimal changes to a DBMS and can improve the performance simultaneously across a wide range of queries, modifications, and bulk-loading, in terms of storage, CPU usage, and I/O time of the TPC-H and TPC-C benchmarks.
TDOA-based self-calibration of dual-microphone arrays (2016)

We consider the problem of determining the relative position of dual-microphone sub-arrays. The proposed solution is mainly developed for binaural hearing aid systems (HASs), where each hearing aid (HA) in the HAS has two microphones at a known distance from each other. However, the proposed algorithm can effortlessly be applied to acoustic sensor network applications. In contrast to most state-of-the-art calibration algorithms, which model the calibration problem as a non-linear problem resulting in high computational complexity, we model the calibration problem as a simple linear system of equations by utilizing a far-field assumption. The proposed model is based on target signals time-difference-of-arrivals (TDOAs) between the HAS microphones. Working with TDOAs avoids clock synchronization between sound sources and microphones, and target signals need not be known beforehand. To solve the calibration problem, we propose a least squares estimator which is simple and does not need any probabilistic assumptions about the observed signals.
Multi-color and artistic dithering (1999)

A multi-color dithering algorithm is proposed, which converts a barycentric combination of color intensities into a multi-color non-overlapping surface coverage. Multi-color dithering is a generalization of standard bi-level dithering. Combined with tetrahedral color separation, multi-color dithering makes it possible to print images made of a set of non-standard inks. In contrast to most previous color halftoning methods, multi-color dithering ensures by construction that the different selected basic colors are printed side by side. Multi-color dithering is applied to generate color images whose screen dots are made of artistic shapes (letters, symbols, ornaments, etc.). Two dither matrix postprocessing techniques are developed, one for enhancing the visibility of screen motives and one for the local equilibration of large dither matrices. The dither matrix equilibration process corrects disturbing local intensity variations by taking dot gain and the human visual system transfer function into account. Thanks to the combination of the presented techniques, high quality images can be produced, which incorporate at the micro level the desired artistic screens and at the macro level the full color image. Applications include designs for advertisements and posters as well as security printing. Multi-color dithering also offers new perspectives for printing with special inks, such as fluorescent and metallic inks.
Dopamine Genetics and Function in Food and Substance Abuse (2013)

Having entered the genomics era with confidence in the future of medicine, including psychiatry, identifying the role of DNA and polymorphic associations with brain reward circuitry has led to a new understanding of all addictive behaviors. It is noteworthy that this strategy may provide treatment for the millions who are the victims of "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS) a genetic disorder of brain reward circuitry. This article will focus on drugs and food being mutuality addictive, and the role of dopamine genetics and function in addictions, including the interaction of the dopamine transporter, and sodium food. We will briefly review our concept that concerns the genetic antecedents of multiple-addictions (RDS). Studies have also shown that evaluating a panel of established reward genes and polymorphisms enables the stratification of genetic risk to RDS. The panel is called the "Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS)", and is a tool for the diagnosis of a genetic predisposition for RDS. The use of this test, as pointed out by others, would benefit the medical community by identifying at risk individuals at a very early age. We encourage, in depth work in both animal and human models of addiction. We encourage further exploration of the neurogenetic correlates of the commonalities between food and drug addiction and endorse forward thinking hypotheses like "The Salted Food Addiction Hypothesis".