gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anemia and Renal Insufficiency Are Independent Risk Factors for Death among Patients with Congestive Heart Failure Admitted to Community Hospitals (2002)

The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to examine the associations among chronic kidney disease, anemia, and risk of death among patients with heart failure. Retrospective cohort study. Patients with a principal diagnosis of heart failure (ICD9 codes 402.01, 402.11, 402.91, 404.01, 404.11, 404.91, and 428.xx) were included. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as a serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dl for women and >1.5 mg/dl for men. There were 665 eligible patients in the sample with a mean (SD) age of 75.7 (10.9) yr; 60% were women, 71% were white, and 38% had CKD. On admission, a hematocrit > or =40% was found for 30.3% of the patients; 22.9% had a hematocrit between 36% and 40%, 33.2% between 30% and 35%, and 13.6% had a hematocrit of <30%. The 1-yr death rates among individuals with and without CKD were 44.9% and 31.4%, respectively (relative risk [RR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.75). The mortality at 1 yr was 31.2% for individuals with a hematocrit > or =40%; 33.8% (RR, 1.08; 95% CI. 0.79 to 1.47) for hematocrit 36 to 39%; 36.7% (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.54) for hematocrit between 30 and 35%; and 50.0% (RR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.16) for those with a hematocrit <30% (chi(2) for trend was 7.37; P = 0.007). Both hematocrit and serum creatinine were independently associated with increased risk of death during follow-up after controlling for other patient risk factors. In conclusion, CKD and anemia are frequent among older patients with heart failure and are independent predictors of subsequent risk of death.
Bundle-Branch Block as a Risk Factor in Noncardiac Surgery (2000)

The presence of BBB is not associated with a high incidence of postoperative cardiac complications. Perioperative mortality is not increased in patients with RBBB and not directly attributable to cardiac complications in patients with LBBB. These data suggest that the presence of BBB does not significantly increase the likelihood of cardiac complications following surgery, but that patients with LBBB may not tolerate the stress of perioperative noncardiac complications.
Quorum-Quenching and Matrix-Degrading Enzymes in Multilayer Coatings Synergistically Prevent Bacterial Biofilm Formation on Urinary Catheters (2015)

Bacteria often colonize in-dwelling medical devices and grow as complex biofilm communities of cells embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix, which increases their resistance to antibiotics and the host immune system. During biofilm growth, bacterial cells cooperate through specific quorum-sensing (QS) signals. Taking advantage of this mechanism of biofilm formation, we hypothesized that interrupting the communication among bacteria and simultaneously degrading the extracellular matrix would inhibit biofilm growth. To this end, coatings composed of the enzymes acylase and α-amylase, able to degrade bacterial QS molecules and polysaccharides, respectively, were built on silicone urinary catheters using a layer-by-layer deposition technique. Multilayer coatings of either acylase or amylase alone suppressed the biofilm formation of corresponding Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Further assembly of both enzymes in hybrid nanocoatings resulted in stronger biofilm inhibition as a function of acylase or amylase position in the layers. Hybrid coatings, with the QS-signal-degrading acylase as outermost layer, demonstrated 30% higher antibiofilm efficiency against medically relevant Gram-negative bacteria compared to that of the other assemblies. These nanocoatings significantly reduced the occurrence of single-species (P. aeruginosa) and mixed-species (P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) biofilms on silicone catheters under both static and dynamic conditions. Moreover, in an in vivo animal model, the quorum quenching and matrix degrading enzyme assemblies delayed the biofilm growth up to 7 days.
Determinants of Cooperativity and Site Selectivity in Human Ileal Bile Acid Binding Protein (2005)

Human ileal bile acid binding protein (I-BABP) is a member of the family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins and is thought to play a role in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. Our group has previously shown that human I-BABP binds two molecules of glycocholate (GCA) with low intrinsic affinity but an extraordinary high degree of positive cooperativity. Besides the strong positive cooperativity, human I-BABP exhibits a high degree of site selectivity in its interactions with GCA and glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDA), the two major bile salts in humans. In this study, on the basis of our first generation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of the ternary complex of human I-BABP with GCA and GCDA, we introduced single-residue mutations at certain key positions in the binding pocket that might disrupt a hydrogen-bonding network, a likely way of energetic communication between the two sites. Macroscopic binding parameters were determined using isothermal titration calorimetry, and site selectivity was monitored by NMR spectroscopy of isotopically enriched bile salts. According to our results, cooperativity and site selectivity are not linked in human I-BABP. While cooperativity is governed by a subtle interplay of entropic and enthalpic contributions, site selectivity appears to be determined by more localized enthalpic effects. Possible communication pathways between the two binding sites are discussed.
Optical switch design for true time delay array antenna (1998)

A new architecture for an optical system to achieve true time delay phased array antenna beam steering is proposed. This system is based on the association of switching matrixes and optical fibres of different lengths. A comparative study of the different available switch types has been carried out and concludes that total internal reflection (TIR) switches fit the specific requirements. The switch and entire matrix are designed using 2D and 3D finite difference beam propagation methods (FD-BPM). Then, the electrical behaviour of the device is investigated using a drift diffusion model. Results show the following performance: fibre to fibre loss equal to 10 dB, crosstalk around –20 dB and bandwidth close to 160 MHz
Non-Linear Dynamical Analysis of a Visual-Motor Tracking Task for Baseline Testing and Post-Concussion Evaluation of Intercollegiate Athletes (2021)

Context: Current concussion assessments use static measures that may overlook subtle impairments. Visual-motor tracking tasks provide an option for dynamic evaluation of behavior post-concussion, which might reveal subtle and meaningful changes in motor behavior. Objective: This study compared measurements of performance regularity over time (approximate entropy; ApEn), obtained from a visual-motor tracking task, captured both pre and post concussion. Visual-motor tracking performance was compared to the Standard Assessment of Concussion (SAC) and the modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS).
Targeted gene disruption reveals a leptin-independent role for the mouse beta3-adrenoceptor in the regulation of body composition. (1997)

Targeted disruption of mouse beta3-adrenoceptor was generated by homologous recombination, and validated by an acute in vivo study showing a complete lack of effect of the beta3-adrenoceptor agonist CL 316,243 on the metabolic rate of homozygous null (-/-) mice. In brown adipose tissue, beta3-adrenoceptor disruption induced a 66% decrease (P < 0.005) in beta1-adrenoceptor mRNA level, whereas leptin mRNA remained unchanged. Chronic energy balance studies in chow-fed mice showed that in -/- mice, body fat accumulation was favored (+41%, P < 0.01), with a slight increase in food intake (+6%, NS). These effects were accentuated by high fat feeding: -/- mice showed increased total body fat (+56%, P < 0.025) and food intake (+12%, P < 0.01), and a decrease in the fat-free dry mass (-10%, P < 0.05), which reflects a reduction in body protein content. Circulating leptin levels were not different in -/- and control mice regardless of diet. The significant shift to the right in the positive correlation between circulating leptin and percentage of body fat in high fat-fed -/- mice suggests that the threshold of body fat content inducing leptin secretion is higher in -/- than in control mice. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that beta3-adrenoceptor disruption creates conditions which predispose to the development of obesity.
P4QCN: Congestion Control Using P4-Capable Device in Data Center Networks (2019)

Modern data centers aim to offer very high throughput and ultra-low latency to meet the demands of applications such as online intensive services. Traditional TCP/IP stacks cannot meet these requirements due to their high CPU overhead and high-latency. Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is an approach that can be designed to meet this demand. The mainstream transport protocol of RDMA over Ethernet is RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet), which relies on Priority Flow Control (PFC) within the network to enable a lossless network. However, PFC is a coarse-grained protocol which can lead to problems such as congestion spreading, head-of-the-line blocking. A congestion control protocol that can alleviate these problems of PFC is needed. We propose a protocol, called P4QCN for this purpose. P4QCN is a congestion control scheme for RoCE and it is an improved Quantized Congestion Notification (QCN) design based on P4, which is a flow-level, rate-based congestion control mechanism. P4QCN extends the QCN protocol to make it compatible with IP-routed networks based on a framework of P4 and adopts a two-point algorithm architecture which is more effective than the three-point architecture used in QCN and Data Center QCN(DCQCN). Experiments show that our proposed P4QCN algorithm achieves the expected performance in terms of latency and throughput.
Electric Power Allocation in a Network of Fast Charging Stations (2013)

In order to increase the penetration of electric vehicles, a network of fast charging stations that can provide drivers with a certain level of quality of service (QoS) is needed. However, given the strain that such a network can exert on the power grid, and the mobility of loads represented by electric vehicles, operating it efficiently is a challenging and complex problem. In this paper, we examine a network of charging stations equipped with an energy storage device and propose a scheme that allocates power to them from the grid, as well as routes customers. We examine three scenarios, gradually increasing their complexity. In the first one, all stations have identical charging capabilities and energy storage devices, draw constant power from the grid and no routing decisions of customers are considered. It represents the current state of affairs and serves as a baseline for evaluating the performance of the proposed scheme. In the second scenario, power to the stations is allocated in an optimal manner from the grid and in addition a certain percentage of customers can be routed to nearby stations. In the final scenario, optimal allocation of both power from the grid and customers to stations is considered. The three scenarios are evaluated using real traffic traces corresponding to weekday rush hour from a large metropolitan area in the US. The results indicate that the proposed scheme offers substantial improvements of performance compared to the current mode of operation; namely, more customers can be served with the same amount of power, thus enabling the station operators to increase their profitability. Further, the scheme provides guarantees to customers in terms of the probability of being blocked (and hence not served) by the closest charging station to their location. Overall, the paper addresses key issues related to the efficient operation, both from the perspective of the power grid and the drivers satisfaction, of a network of charging stations.
Difference in microstructure between PZT thin films on Pt/Ti and those on Pt (1995)

Abstract PZT thin films were synthesized by sol-gel on a Pt/Ti double layer bottom electrode or on a Pt single layer bottom electrode to investigate the bottom electrode dependence of PZT film structure. On Pt/Ti, <111> oriented perovskite grains with 50–100 nm lateral size were densely packed. On Pt, large perovskite grains (2−3 μm) were surrounded by fine pyrochlore grains (about 5 nm), and no certain orientation was observed. TEM and EDX analyses suggested that a fraction of Ti in the Pt/Ti layer diffused along Pt grain boundaries up to the Pt surface and was oxidized during the PZT annealing process. A model for the crystallization of sol-gel derived PZT was proposed, in which TiOx particles at the Pt surface act as nucleation sites for PZT crystallization. This model well explained the experimental results.
A Unified Approach for Design and Analysis of Engineered Systems Using HyPneu (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The design and analysis of most engineered systems involves many and sometimes diverse technical disciplines. For example, in the design of a fluid power system, the input to the system is usually some type of prime mover. In addition, the output may include gears, linkage, etc. The output may be used in a feedback circuit which will normally encompass instrumentation, logic elements, and controllers. In order to evaluate the total performance of such systems analytically, a software package must be available which can unify the interactions of these diverse components.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will present a new computer program which will unify hydraulic, pneumatic, electronic, and mechanical components permitting the analysis of complete engineered systems on a P.C. Several example systems will be shown which originate in actual machinery designs. These example systems will be simulated and output type information will be presented.</div>
Glycosylations of Ambident Anions of 2(1<i>H</i>)‐ and 4(1 <i>H</i>)‐Pyridone and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2(1 <i>H</i>)‐Pyrimidinone <i>N</i>‐(2′‐Deoxy‐α‐<scp>D</scp>‐ribofuranoside) (1989)

Abstract Glycosylation of the ambident anions of 2(1 H )‐pyridone ( 6 ) and 4(1 H )‐pyridone ( 11 ) in the presence of KOH with 2‐deoxy‐3,5‐di‐ O ‐( p ‐toluoyl)‐α‐ D ‐ erythro ‐pentofuranosyl chloride ( 7 ) stereoselectively yielded the β‐ D ‐ O ‐glycosides 8 and 12 , together with anomeric mixtures of the N ‐glycosides ( 9 , 10 , 13 , 14 ). Under the same conditions, but replacing KOH by LiOH, 2(1 H )‐pyrimidinone ( 15 ) exclusively gave the anomerically pure α‐ D ‐N‐glycoside 17 . Proton‐catalyzed O/N‐transformation was stereoselective in the case of 2(1 H )‐pyrimidinone O ‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranoside ( 16 ) but not in case of 8 or 12 . The anomerically pure N ‐(2‐deoxy‐α‐ D ‐ribofuranoside) 17 was prepared in a stereos elective synthesis.
Hydrogenation of butane-2,3-dione with heterogeneous cinchona modified platinum catalysts: a combination of an enantioselective reaction and kinetic resolution (1998)

(R)-3-Hydroxybutan-2-one was obtained with 85–90% ee albeit in low yield by the Pt/Al2O3 cinchona catalyzed hydrogenation of butane-2,3-dione by a combination of enantioselective hydrogenation and kinetic resolution.
A 7-mask CMOS process with selective oxide deposition (1993)

A seven mask CMOS process using liquid phase oxide deposition which has selectivity against photoresist is described. The process modules for self-aligned well and one-mask LDD formation are developed. The features of the process are: (1) short TAT (7 masks to first metallization), (2) self-aligned twin retrograde wells with 40% reduction of the p/sup +/-n/sup +/ spacing compared to conventional wells, and (3) optimal LDD design using different sidewall spacer width for n- and p-channel MOSFETs giving a 10% larger on-current for p-channel MOSFETs compared to a conventional process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interaction of Mite Allergens Der P3 and Der P9 with Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Expressed by Lung Epithelial Cells (2001)

The respiratory epithelium represents the first barrier encountered by airborne Ags. Two major dust mite Ags, Der p3 and Der p9, are serine proteases that may activate lung epithelial cells by interaction with the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2). In this study both Der p3 and Der p9 cleaved the peptide corresponding to the N terminus of PAR-2 at the activation site. Both Ags sequentially stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis, transient cytosolic Ca(2+) mobilization, and release of GM-CSF and eotaxin in human pulmonary epithelial cells. These responses were similar to those observed with trypsin and a specific PAR-2 agonist and were related to the serine protease activity of Der p3 and Der p9. Cell exposure to the Ags resulted in a refractory period, indicating that a PAR had been cleaved. Partial desensitization to Der p3 and Der p9 by the PAR-2 agonist suggested that PAR-2 was one target of the Ags. However, PAR-2 was not the only target, because the PAR-2 agonist caused less desensitization to Der p3 and Der p9 than did trypsin. A phospholipase C inhibitor prevented the cytokine-releasing effect of the PAR-2 agonist and abolished or reduced (>70%) the cytokine-releasing effects of Der p3 and Der p9. Our results suggest that Der p 3 and Der p9 may induce a nonallergic inflammatory response in the airways through the release of proinflammatory cytokines from the bronchial epithelium and that this effect is at least in part mediated by PAR-2.
Design and Implementation of a High-Performance and Silicon Efficient Arithmetic Coding Accelerator for the H.264 Advanced Video Codec (2006)

A high performance and silicon efficient hardware architecture for binary arithmetic coding (BAC) acceleration is presented and its application to entropy coding in the context of the H.264 video compressor standard described. The proposed hardware architecture remains bit compatible with the software implementation used in the H.264 ITU standard. The renormalization sequence that maintains the state variables in the appropriate range has been rewritten in order to enable a data independent throughput in hardware of 1 symbol per clock cycle. The instruction set extensions required to be implemented as part of the ISA of a controlling RISC are proposed. Finally, ASIC and FPGA implementations are obtained and the performance and complexity compared with recent implementations of the well-known MQ-coder reported.
The Analgesic Effect of Nitroglycerin Added to Lidocaine on Intravenous Regional Anesthesia (2006)

We evaluated the analgesic effect of nitroglycerine (NTG) when added to lidocaine in IV regional anesthesia. Thirty patients undergoing hand surgery were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (group C, n = 15) received a total dose of 40 mL with 3 mg/kg of lidocaine diluted with saline, and the NTG group (group NTG, n = 15) received an additional 200 mug NTG. Hemodynamic variables, tourniquet pain measured before and 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after tourniquet inflation, and analgesic requirements were recorded during the operation. After the tourniquet deflation, at 1 and 30 min and 2 and 4 h, visual analog scale (VAS) score, time to first analgesic requirement, total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h after operation, and side effects were noted. Shortened sensory and motor block onset time (3.2 +/- 1.1 versus 4.5 +/- 1.2 min; P = 0.01 and 3.3 +/- 1.6 versus 5.2 +/- 1.8; P = 0.009 in group NTG and group C, respectively), prolonged sensory and motor block recovery times (6.8 +/- 1.6 versus 3.1 +/- 1.2 min P < 0.0001 and 7.3 +/- 1.3 versus 3.6 +/- 0.8 P < 0.0001 in group NTG and group C, respectively), shortened VAS scores of tourniquet pain (P = 0.023), and improved quality of anesthesia were found in group NTG (P < 0.05). VAS scores were lower in group NTG after tourniquet release and in the postoperative period (P = 0.001). First analgesic requirement time was longer in group NTG (225 +/- 74 min versus 39 +/- 33 min) than in group C (P < 0.0001). Postoperative analgesic requirements were significantly smaller in group NTG (P < 0.0001) but the side effects were similar in both groups. We conclude that the addition of NTG to lidocaine for IV regional anesthesia improves sensory and motor block, tourniquet pain, and postoperative analgesia without side effects.
The Rylene Colorant Family—Tailored Nanoemitters for Photonics Research and Applications (2010)

This Review summarizes the latest advances in the field of rylene dyes and rylene nanoemitters for applications in photonics, and describes the influence of the dye design on the optical properties, the self-assembly, the molecular interactions, as well as the labeling specificity of the compounds. The interplay between tailored (macro)molecular design and bulk/single-molecule spectroscopy enables complex processes to be explained, for example, the kinetics of energy-transfer processes or (bio)catalysis. Such investigations are essential for the ultimate design of optimized nanoemitters, and require a close cooperation between spectroscopists and preparative organic chemists.
Smart objects for dependable real-time systems (2002)

We present a modular approach to systematically introduce fault-tolerant properties into the design of time-dependent software components. The G-Net methodology for object-oriented complex software system design and the EU model for object-oriented dependable system design are integrated into the unified concept of the smart object, which is an object with an associated knowledge structure that incorporates the necessary parameters of the real-time task, such as the timing constraints and reliability requirements. Techniques to design resilient smart objects are described. These include fault tolerance guarantees and timing/performance/safety analysis.
Proposal for studying<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>resonances with the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>reaction (2009)

A theoretical study of the $\overline{p}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{p}n{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ reaction for antiproton beam energy from $1$ to $4$ GeV is made by including contributions from various known ${N}^{*}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{*}$ resonances. It is found that for the beam energy around $1.5$ GeV, the contribution of the Roper resonance ${N}_{(1440)}^{*}$ produced by the $t$-channel $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ exchange dominates over all other contributions. Since such a reaction can be studied in the forthcoming PANDA experiment at the GSI Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), the reaction will be realistically the cleanest place for studying the properties of the Roper resonance and the best place for looking for other ``missing'' ${N}^{*}$ resonances with large coupling to $N\ensuremath{\sigma}$.