gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> for next generation ethanol production (2013)

Abstract Conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose or starch to ethanol via a biological route requires enzymatic conversion of these substrates to monosaccharides that can be assimilated by a fermenting organism. Consolidation of these events in a single processing step via a cellulolytic or amylolytic microorganism(s) is a promising approach to low‐cost production of fuels and chemicals. One strategy for developing a microorganism capable of such consolidated bioprocessing ( CBP ) involves engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae to expresses a heterologous enzyme system enabling (hemi)cellulose or starch utilization. The fundamental principle behind consolidated bioprocessing as a microbial phenomenon has been established through the successful expression of the major (hemi)cellulolytic and amylolytic activities in S. cerevisiae . Various strains of S. cerevisiae were subsequently enabled to grow on cellobiose, amorphous and crystalline cellulose, xylan and various forms of starch through the combined expression of these activities. Furthermore, host cell engineering and adaptive evolution have yielded strains with higher levels of secreted enzymes and greater resistance to fermentation inhibitors. These breakthroughs bring the application of CBP at commercial scale ever closer. This mini‐review discusses the current status of different aspects related to the engineering of S. cerevisiae for next generation ethanol production. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Reverse electrodialysis for emerging applications (2022)

Abstract Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an eco‐friendly power generation system that produces electricity from the salinity difference between two solutions of different concentrations. Recently, research on RED has expanded not only to increase the maximum power density, but also to converge with other energy generation systems. Most importantly, miniaturized RED has been developed rooted on its nature, such as convenient customization and electrodeless character. This RED, being compact and readily disposed, functions as a unique type of power source, operating solely by the flow of ions, which is thus perfectly compatible to integrate with various bio‐related systems. We emphasize the potential of this RED as a hybrid, disposable, portable and fully ionic power source and look forward to its wide range of application scopes in the future.
A novel test device and quantitative colorimetric method for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) based on Au@Zn–salen MOF for POCT applications (2023)

The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone is a biomarker that can predict tumors and early pregnancy; however, it is challenging to develop sensitive qualitative-quantitative procedures that are also effective, inventive, and unique. In this study, we used a novel easy <i>in situ</i> reaction of an organic nano-linker with Zn(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O and HAuCl<sub>4</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O to produce a gold-zinc-salen metal-organic framework composite known as Au-Zn-Sln-MOF. A wide variety of micro-analytical instruments and spectroscopic techniques were used in order to characterize the newly synthesized Au-Zn-Sln-MOF composite. Disclosure is provided for a novel swab test instrument and a straightforward colorimetric approach for detecting hCG hormone based on an Au-Zn-Sln-MOF composite. Both of these methods are easy. In order to validate a natural enzyme-free immunoassay, an Au-Zn-Sln-MOF composite was utilized in the role of an enzyme; a woman can use this gadget to determine whether or not she is pregnant in the early stages of the pregnancy or whether or not her hCG levels are excessively high, which is a symptom that she may have a tumor. This cotton swab test device is compatible with testing of various biological fluids, such as serum, plasma, or urine, and it can be easily transferred to the market to commercialize it as a costless kit, which will be 20-30% cheaper than what is available on the market. Additionally, it can be used easily at home and for near-patient testing (applications of point-of-care testing (POCT)).
An efficient implementation of reactivity for modeling hardware in the scenic design environment (1997)

Reactivity is one of the key features of hardwaredescription languages. We present an efficient implementationof reactivity in the Scenic framework that allows the systemdesigner to model hardware blocks. Scenic allows the designerto use C++ to model mixed hardware-software systems witha C++ compiler and a small library and without the need ofa complex event-driven run-time kernel often found embeddedin hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHDL andVerilog. Moreover, Scenic hardware descriptions can be easilymapped to HDL and synthesized into hardware implementationsusing commercially available tools.In this paper we present Scenic's implementation of concurrency(signals and processes) and reactivity (waiting andwatching). When C++ is used as an HDL, context-switchingoverhead can become a significant performance issue duringsimulation. We introduce the notion of delayed expressionobjects, orlambdas, to reduce context-switching. Examplesand experimental results are presented to show the utility andsimulation efficiency using the Scenic framework.
Antisense anti-MDM2 oligonucleotides as a novel therapeutic approach to human breast cancer: in vitro and in vivo activities and mechanisms. (2001)

The mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene has been suggested as a target for cancer therapy. It is amplified or overexpressed in many human cancers, including breast cancer, and MDM2 levels are associated with poor prognosis of several human cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, osteosarcoma, and lymphoma. In the present study, we investigated the functions of MDM2 oncogene in the growth of breast cancer and the potential value of MDM2 as a drug target for cancer therapy by inhibiting MDM2 expression with a specific antisense antihuman-MDM2 oligonucleotide (oligo). The selected antisense mixed-backbone oligo was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in human breast cancer models: MCF-7 cell line containing wild-type p53 and MDA-MB-468 cell line containing mutant p53. In MCF-7 cells, p53 and p21 levels were elevated, resulting from specific inhibition of MDM2 expression by the antisense oligo (AS). In MDA-MB-468 cells, after inhibition of MDM2 expression, p21 levels were elevated, although p53 levels remained unchanged. After i.p. administration of the antisense anti-MDM2 oligo, in vivo antitumor activity occurred in a dose-dependent manner in nude mice bearing MCF-7 or MDA-MB-468 xenografts. In both models, in vivo synergistically or additive therapeutic effects of MDM2 inhibition and the clinically used cancer chemotherapeutic agents irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel (Taxol) were observed. These results suggest that MDM2 have a role in tumor growth through both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. We speculate that MDM2 inhibitors, such as ASs, have a broad spectrum of antitumor activities in human breast cancers, regardless of p53 status. This study should provide a basis for future development of anti-MDM2 ASs as cancer therapeutic agents used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Synthesis of dispersed and stabilized silver nanoparticles in acidic media (2014)

The present work aims to prepare citrate-reduced silver particles (AgNPs) coated with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and modified polyethylene thiol monomethylether. Modified AgNPs derivatives were exposed to synthetic human stomach fluid (SSF) (pH 1.5) and changes in size, shape, hydrodynamic diameter and chemical composition were determined during a 1 hour exposure period using UV-Vis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM/EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld analysis. Exposure of AgNPs to SSF produced stabilized SPR peak at 414 nm which changed according to the exposure time and the conditions of preparation of AgNPs. Changes in aggregation and morphology of the particles were also observed as well as production of silver chloride which appeared physically associated with particle aggregates. The XRD data indicated that the there is no any silver oxide (Ag2O) particles formed or aggregated with silver nanoparticles.
Simultaneous independent analysis of anions and cations using indirect photometric chromatography (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous independent analysis of anions and cations using indirect photometric chromatographyZiad. Iskandarani and Theodore E. MillerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 8, 1591–1594Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00285a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00285a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermal neutron detection with PMMA nanocomposites containing dysprosium fluoride nanocrystals (2012)

Naturally occurring dysprosium is attractive as a neutron detector because of its high thermal neutron capture cross section and high natural abundance. Neutron-induced transmutation of <sup>164</sup>Dy results in production of stable isotopes of holmium and erbium (the latter only at sufficiently high neutron fluxes), due to beta decays caused by nucleus instability. This mechanism, unaffected by gamma radiation, can be used to unambiguously detect neutrons, without having to discriminate against an accompanying gamma flux. Optically-enabled thermal neutron detection can be based on significant differences in optical properties of Dy and Ho or Er, which allows to determine the relative fractions of Dy, and Ho, and E in an irradiated sample. In our search for the most sensitive method of differentiating between Dy and Ho residing in the same host material, we produced various Dy- and Ho-containing nanocrystals and uniformly dispersed them in a PMMA polymer matrix. Optical properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed by means of absorption and PL spectroscopy. We also report on neutron irradiation experiments with Dy-containing nanocrystals and our attempts to optically detect neutron-induced conversion of Dy into Ho.
A method to infer emotions from facial Action Units (2011)

We present a robust method to map detected facial Action Units (AUs) to six basic emotions. Automatic AU recognition is prone to errors due to illumination, tracking failures and occlusions. Hence, traditional rule based methods to map AUs to emotions are very sensitive to false positives and misses among the AUs. In our method, a set of chosen AUs are mapped to the six basic emotions using a learned statistical relationship and a suitable matching technique. Relationships between the AUs and emotions are captured as template strings comprising the most discriminative AUs for each emotion. The template strings are computed using a concept called discriminative power. The Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) distance, an approach for approximate string matching, is applied to calculate the closeness of a test string of AUs with the template strings, and hence infer the under lying emotions. LCS is found to be efficient in handling practical issues like erroneous AU detection and helps to reduce false predictions. The proposed method is tested with various databases like CK+, ISL, FACS, JAFFE, MindReading and many real-world video frames. We compare our performance with rule based techniques, and show clear improvement on both benchmark databases and real-world datasets.
Visualization of exception handling constructs to support program understanding (2008)

This paper presents a new visualization technique for supporting the understanding of exception-handling constructs in Java programs. To understand the requirements for such a visualization, we surveyed a group of software developers, and used the results of that survey to guide the creation of the visualizations. The technique presents the exception-handling information using three views: the quantitative view, the flow view, and the contextual view. The quantitative view provides a high-level view that shows the throw-catch interactions in the program, along with relative numbers of these interactions, at the package level, the class level, and the method level. The flow view shows the type-throw-catch interactions, illustrating information such as which exception types reach particular throw statements, which catch statements handle particular throw statements, and which throw statements are not caught in the program. The contextual view shows, for particular type-throw-catch interactions, the packages, classes, and methods that contribute to that exception-handling construct. The paper also presents a case study in which we evaluated a prototype of the visualization system on a small set of developers.
New magnetic materials derived from chromium dioxide (1980)

A new oxidative method of preparation of the chromium dioxide from Cr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> is described. For the improvement of magnetic properties, in particular coercive field, of such a ferromagnetic oxide a substitution by rhodium +IV leads to the new interesting material Cr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> Rh <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> with needlike particles ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H_{c} \simeq 500</tex> Oe).
Novel sorbents for high temperature regenerative H2S removal (1983)

The overall objectives of this program are to synthesize, characterize and test two classes of regenerable sorbents for high temperature (900 to 1100/sup 0/K) bulk H/sub 2/S removal from coal-derived fuel gas. (a) The first class of sorbents consists of eutectic mixtures of zinc and vanadium oxides coating the pore surface of high surface area supports; (b) the second class of sorbents includes non-stoichiometric mixed metal oxides, e.g. Zn-Fe-O, Zn-Ca-O, Zn-Mn-O, prepared by a co-precipitation technique as solid solutions with high surface area. The main characteristics of these sorbents are rapid kinetics of absorption and good regenerability. The rapid absorption kinetics are realized by eliminating or minimizing the resistance associated with solid state diffusion. The main task planned for the first quarter of this program consisted of designing and assembling a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor system, and preparing, characterizing and testing several supported molten oxide sorbents. As planned, the design and assembly of the reactor system has been completed; a sorbent preparation method has been standardized, and a number of ZnO/V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ sorbents on alumina supports have been tested and characterized. 11 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.
Identification of maize embryo-preferred promoters suitable for high-level heterologous protein production (2010)

The production of heterologous proteins in plants at levels consistent with commercialization of protein products requires molecular tools to ensure high-level transgene expression. The identification of strong promoters, preferably specific to the target expression tissue, is a focus for improving foreign protein yields using transgenic cereals as a production system. Thus, there is a requirement for strong embryo preferred monocot promoters. We obtained the sequences of 500 randomly selected maize cDNA clones to determine gene expression profiles in embryo tissues at multiple stages during development. Promoters corresponding to the most abundant clones were identified and isolated. These promoters were fused to the b-glucuronidase reporter and their tissue specificity and developmental expression characteristics assessed in transgenic maize. All of the isolated promoters tested drove transgene expression predominantly in the embryo and were most active late in embryogenesis during storage protein deposition. One of the most active promoters assessed by transgene expression was associated with the globulin-1 protein. Sequence identified here extended approximately 1.6 kb distal to the previously identified extent of the globulin-1 promoter, and this additional sequence boosted expression over two-fold. The extended globulin-1 promoter sequence isolated in this study has the potential for driving transgene expression at higher levels than those previously reported for cereals. Also, other highly active embryo promoters identified here offer opportunities to express multiple foreign proteins simultaneously at high levels in embryo tissues, while avoiding concerns over gene silencing due to the repeated use of a single promoter.
A Compact Programmable CMOS Reference With ±40μV Accuracy (2006)

A compact programmable CMOS voltage reference that is determined by the charge difference between two floating-gate transistors is introduced in this paper. A prototype circuit has been implemented in a 0.35μm CMOS process; reference voltages ranging from 50mV - 0.6V have been achieved and initial accuracy of ±40muV has been demonstrated as well. Experimental results indicate a temperature sensitivity of approximately 53μV/degC for a nominal reference voltage of 0.4V over a temperature range of -60°C to 140°C
A new antitumor antibiotic, sporamycin. (1977)

A new antitumor antibiotic, sporamycin, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptosporangium pseudovulgare strain No. PO-357.* Sporamycin was prepared as a white powder by ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatographic techniques using DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50. The producing organism was similar to Streptosporangium pseudovulgare in a number of properties but differed in the biological activity of the culture broth and the color of the aerial mycelium on agar. Sporamycin is active against most Gram-positive bacteria and Sarcoma-180 solid tumors. It is heat labile, but stable at low temperature.
Compressive wireless arrays for bearing estimation (2008)

Joint processing of sensor array outputs improves the performance of parameter estimation and hypothesis testing problems beyond the sum of the individual sensor processing results. When the sensors have high data sampling rates, arrays are tethered, creating a disadvantage for their deployment and also limiting their aperture size. In this paper, we develop the signal processing algorithms for randomly deployable wireless sensor arrays that are severely constrained in communication bandwidth. We focus on the acoustic bearing estimation problem and show that when the target bearings are modeled as a sparse vector in the angle space, low dimensional random projections of the microphone signals can be used to determine multiple source bearings by solving an ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -norm minimization problem. Field data results are shown where only 10 bits of information is passed from each microphone to estimate multiple target bearings.
Microchannel plate for surface-induced dissociation in mass spectrometry (1990)

A new method for surface-induced dissociation of molecular ions, applied to tandem mass spectrometry, is achieved by collisions at a grazing angle on the inside channel surfaces of a microchannel plate. This technique, termed microchannel SID, is demonstrated by using both positive and negative parent ions in the energy range of 500-2000 eV. Fragmentation spectra of the pentapeptide leucine-enkephalin (555 daltons) at 500 eV show good sequence information with a net fragmentation efficiency of 14%. High mass fragmentation is demonstrated on (CsI)23Cs+ (6113 daltons), with the resultant spectrum showing all cluster fragments from n = 0 to 23.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Certain Disubstituted Benzimidazole Ribonucleosides (1996)

Ribosylation of 2-chloro-5(6)-nitrobenzimidazole (3) gave 2-chloro-5-nitro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazol e (4a) and 2-chloro-6-nitro-1-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazol e (4b) as a mixture of positional isomers. Subsequent hydrogenation of this mixture over Raney Nickel afforded the corresponding 5-amino and 6-amino derivatives 5 and 6. At this stage the products were readily resolved via silica column chromatography into pure isomeric forms, and the pure isomers 5 and 6 were diazotized with tert-butyl nitrite and cupric chloride to furnish the isomerically pure 5-chloro derivative 2a and 6-chloro derivative 2b. Deprotection of 5, 6, 2a, and 2b with methanolic ammonia yielded the free nucleosides 5-amino-2-chloro-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (7), 6-amino-2-chloro-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-benzimidazole (8), 2,5-dichloro-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (9), and 2,6-dichloro-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (10), respectively. Treatment of 10 with thiourea afforded 6-chloro-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole-2-thione (14). Alkylation of 14 with methyl iodide and benzyl bromide gave good yields of the corresponding 2-methylthio (12) and the 2-benzylthio (13) analogs. The synthesis of 6-chloro-2-methoxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (11) was accomplished by the treatment of 2b with sodium methoxide in methanol. A difference NOE spectroscopic experiment was conducted to allow unequivocal assignment of regiochemistry to the positional isomers 5 and 6. Evaluation of compounds for activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 revealed that the heterocycle 3 was active against both viruses but also was cytotoxic. Only the dichloro compounds 9 and 10 were weakly active against HCMV and noncytotoxic in their antiviral dose range. These data further substantiate the conclusion that activity against HCMV at noncytotoxic concentrations by benzimidazole ribonucleosides requires a halogen not only at the 2-position, but also more than one halogen on the benzene moiety.
MEMS-tunable dielectric metasurface lens (2018)

We report a micro-electromechanically tunable metasurface doublet composed of a moving metasurface on a membrane and a stationary one. The doublet provides more than 180 diopters change in the optical power.