gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time Detection of Activities in Untrimmed Videos (2020)

Real-time detection of spatio-temporal sparse activities in untrimmed videos is a challenging problem. In this work, we present the details of our proposed solution. We begin with a slow baseline implementation of a previously state-of-the-art system [13] and redesign it to achieve real-time performance for detecting 37 activities in the ActEV19 Sequestered Data Leaderboard [4]. This is primarily achieved by introducing speed related hyperparameters into the baseline approach. A tradeoff analysis is performed to assist in hyperparameter selection which results in a real-time, high quality action detection system. Our system achieves an AUDC score of 0.476 on the ActEV19 Sequestered Data Leaderboard.
An efficient long fluorescence lifetime polymer-based sensor based on europium complex as chromophore for the specific detection of F−, CH3COO−, and H2PO4− (2012)

A novel long fluorescence lifetime europium-complexed copolymer (Eu-polymer) has been designed and synthesized via the classic free radical copolymerization reaction as an efficient fluorescent sensor for F−, CH3COO−, and H2PO4−. The anions-sensitivity of Eu-polymer was evaluated using a series of anions in DMSO solution. On binding to F−, CH3COO−, or H2PO4−, fluorescence quenching of Eu-polymer was demonstrated by an approximately 95% reduction in the fluorescence intensity, while no obvious fluorescence change could be observed in the presence of other anions. Compared with its small molecular counterpart, Eu-polymer exhibits higher sensitivity and selectivity. Most importantly, the Eu-polymer sensor can efficiently recognize and sense F− even in the presence of competitive anions, such as CH3COO− and H2PO4−, which demonstrates the ability of Eu-polymer to function as a selective fluorescence sensor for F−. The fluorescence quenching can be attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding interaction (and deprotonation interaction at high concentration for F−) between anions and the imidazole group of Eu-polymer. Due to the long fluorescence lifetime of this Eu-polymer, it can efficiently eliminate the effects of auto-fluorescence and light scattering from surrounding biological environments, so this sensor will be very significant for application in biological and environmental fields.
CAD Procedure for High-Performance Composite Corrugated Filters (2013)

The design of waveguide low-pass filters is accomplished with a new method, where focus is on the upper stopband performance rather than passband or roll-off requirements. Using an efficient multimode variational formulation, composite filters are generated by direct optimization from an arbitrary number of partial corrugated subelements, each showing mutual TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> -mode passband and different nonintersecting passbands corresponding to higher order modes. The flexibility of this method leads to optimal filter solutions, having the designer full control over key dimensional features, i.e., minimum gap and cavity length. It is therefore possible to design low-pass filters exhibiting broad stopbands free of spurious propagation, without penalties of higher losses, lower power handling capability, larger size, and/or increased manufacturing complexity. Simulated and measured results demonstrate significant advantages over filters designed with conventional methods.
Distributed software engineering (1994)

The term software is ambiguous. It includes both the engineering of distributed software and the process of distributed development of software, such as cooperative work. This paper concentrates on the former, giving an indication of the special needs and rewards in distributed computing. In essence, we argue that the structure of these systems as interacting components is a blessing which forces software engineers towards compositional techniques which offer the best hope for constructing scalable and evolvable systems in an incremental manner. We offer some guidance and recommendations as to the approaches which seem most appropriate, particularly in languages for distributed programming, specification and analysis techniques for modeling and distributed paradigms for guiding design. >
Studies of protein‐protein interfaces: A statistical analysis of the hydrophobic effect (1997)

Data sets of 362 structurally nonredundant protein-protein interfaces and of 57 symmetry-related oligomeric interfaces have been used to explore whether the hydrophobic effect that guides protein folding is also the main driving force for protein-protein associations. The buried nonpolar surface area has been used to measure the hydrophobic effect. Our analysis indicates that, although the hydrophobic effect plays a dominant role in protein-protein binding, it is not as strong as that observed in the interior of protein monomers. Comparison of interiors of the monomers with those of the interfaces reveals that, in general, the hydrophobic amino acids are more frequent in the interior of the monomers than in the interior of the protein-protein interfaces. On the other hand, a higher proportion of charged and polar residues are buried at the interfaces, suggesting that hydrogen bonds and ion pairs contribute more to the stability of protein binding than to that of protein folding. Moreover, comparison of the interior of the interfaces to protein surfaces indicates that the interfaces are poorer in polar/charged than the surfaces and are richer in hydrophobic residues. The interior of the interfaces appears to constitute a compromise between the stabilization contributed by the hydrophobic effect on the one hand and avoiding patches on the protein surfaces that are too hydrophobic on the other. Such patches would be unfavorable for the unassociated monomers in solution. We conclude that, although the types of interactions are similar between protein-protein interfaces and single-chain proteins overall, the contribution of the hydrophobic effect to protein-protein associations is not as strong as to protein folding. This implies that packing patterns and interatom, or interresidue, pairwise potential functions, derived from monomers, are not ideally suited to predicting and assessing ligand associations or design. These would perform adequately only in cases where the hydrophobic effect at the binding site is substantial.
Application of high-resolution X-ray microscopy to image backend-of- line structures (2008)

One of the challenges to process control and failure analysis in semiconductor industry is the nondestructive visualization of sub-50nm features and defects. The availability of high-brilliance X-ray sources, high-precision X-ray focusing optics and very efficient CCD area detectors have contributed essentially to the development of transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) and X-ray computed tomography (XCT) to reach a spatial resolution of 50nm and below. High-resolution X-ray microscopes with rotating anode X-ray sources that can be installed in an analytical lab next to a semiconductor fab have been developed recently. These unique TXM/XCT systems provide an important new capability of nondestructive 3D imaging of internal circuit structures without destructive sample preparation such as crosssectioning. In this paper, the potential of TXM/XCT lab systems for failure localization in micro- and nanoelectronic structures and devices is discussed. Applications to backend-of-Iine structures seem to be realistic in near future, e. g., to visualize voids and residuals in on-chip metal interconnects without physical modification of the chip.
Exploring energy and accuracy tradeoff in structure simplification of trained deep neural networks (2018)

This paper presents a structure simplification procedure that allows efficient energy and accuracy tradeoffs in implementation of trained deep neural networks (DNNs). This structure simplification procedure identifies and eliminates redundant neurons in any layer of the DNN based on the trained weights connected from these neurons. This procedure may be applied to all layers of a DNN. For each layer different configurations with Pareto-optimal accuracy and energy consumption are realized. Our work is the first to use energy-accuracy trade-offs to guide optimal structure realization of trained DNNs. After redundant neurons are discarded, the weights of remaining neurons will be updated using matrix multiplication without retraining. Yet, retraining may still be applied if desired to further fine tune the performance. In our experiments, we show energy-accuracy tradeoff provides clear guidance to achieve efficient realization of trained DNNs. We also observe significant implementation cost reductions with up to 33X in energy and 12X in memory while the performance (accuracy) loss is negligible.
Interoperability mechanisms for registration and authentication on different open DRM platforms (2006)

The DRM interoperability problem is a very complex problem. Even big software companies have already admitted that DRM as it is today is too complex ? complex for end-users, complex for content providers and complex for content handling devices manufactures. There are different approaches to deal with this problem and there are different levels to address the problem. This article addresses the DRM interoperability issues from a security point of view, and as an example the authors take two open-specification DRM architectures ? MIPAMS and OpenSDRM ? to identify a strategy to interoperate some of the basic security mechanisms. In this article the authors will concentrate in the DRM components and user’s registration, authentication and verification process and will derive a mechanism to handle and support both.
Biopolymer Additives for the Reduction of Soil Erosion Losses during Irrigation (2001)

High molecular weight, synthetic polyacrylamides (PAM) are relatively large, water soluble polymers that are used increasingly by farmers to prevent erosion and increase infiltration during irrigation. A lab-scale erosion test was conducted to screen biopolymer solutions for a similar efficacy in reducing shear-induced erosion. In lab-scale mini-furrow tests, chitosan, starch xanthate, cellulose xanthate, and acid-hydrolyzed cellulose microfibrils, at concentrations of 20, 80, 80, and 120 ppm respectively, reduced suspended solids in the runoff water from test soil. None of these biopolymers, however, exhibited the >90% runoff sediment reduction shown by PAM at concentrations as low as 5 ppm. Preliminary field tests results showed that chitosan solutions were only marginally effective in reducing runoff from a 137m long furrow. There were indications that results were dependent on the length of the furrow. Erosion of some clay-rich soils from Northern California was reduced up to 85% by increasing the concentration of exchangeable calcium to >2.5mMole, with or without the addition of polymer additives.
Using human body gestures as inputs for gaming via depth analysis (2008)

Natural ways of input greatly enhance the entertainment experience for emerging gaming systems represented by the Sony Playstation 2 EyeToy and the Nintendo Wii Console. In this paper we present a novel method of using human body gestures depth image as gaming application input. Depth images have natural advantages over grayscale or color images in terms of robustness against illumination change, texture complexity, and background interference. Our proposed method consists of three major components: depth image acquisition, mean shift based preprocessing, and HMM-based gesture recognition. We validate our method by applying it to a boxing game scenario to distinguish boxing gestures such as dodge, jab, hook, and uppercut. The experiment results indicate that our method can efficiently distinguish the subtle differences among these gestures and yield excellent accuracy (up to about 98%). The potential usage of the proposed method on gaming applications and generic human computer interaction is very promising.
Submillimeter-resolution magnetic resonance imaging at the Earth’s magnetic field with an atomic magnetometer (2008)

Magnetic resonance imaging in the Earth's magnetic field is achieved using a sensitive atomic magnetometer for detection. We demonstrate images with a submillimeter resolution by recording the flow of two water paths meeting at a $T$-shaped mixer. The high homogeneity of the Earth's field allows the use of weak gradient fields which circumvent the concomitant-field effect. To distinguish the two input channels, we employed selective polarization, which is a unique and noninvasive labeling method for low-field magnetic resonance imaging. Our technique imposes minimal physical constraints on the object under study, in contrast to conventional high-field magnetic resonance imaging. This technique is applicable for microfluidic imaging in laboratory-on-a-chip devices.
Trop-2 Is a Determinant of Breast Cancer Survival (2014)

Trop-2 is a calcium signal transducer that drives tumor growth. Anti-Trop-2 antibodies with selective reactivity versus Trop-2 maturation stages allowed to identify two different pools of Trop-2, one localized in the cell membrane and one in the cytoplasm. Of note, membrane-localized/functional Trop-2 was found to be differentially associated with determinants of tumor aggressiveness and distinct breast cancer subgroups. These findings candidated Trop-2 states to having an impact on cancer progression. We tested this model in breast cancer. A large, consecutive human breast cancer case series (702 cases; 8 years median follow-up) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry with anti-Trop-2 antibodies with selective reactivity for cytoplasmic-retained versus functional, membrane-associated Trop-2. We show that membrane localization of Trop-2 is an unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival (1+ versus 0 for all deaths: hazard ratio, 1.63; P = 0.04), whereas intracellular Trop-2 has a favorable impact on prognosis, with an adjusted hazard ratio for all deaths of 0.48 (high versus low; P = 0.003). A corresponding impact of intracellular Trop-2 was found on disease relapse (high versus low: hazard ratio, 0.51; P = 0.004). Altogether, we demonstrate that the Trop-2 activation states are critical determinants of tumor progression and are powerful indicators of breast cancer patients survival.
Neutrophil-mediated Activation of Epithelial Protease-Activated Receptors-1 and -2 Regulates Barrier Function and Transepithelial Migration (2008)

Neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and associated release of serine proteases contribute to epithelial injury during active phases of mucosal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that PMN contact with basolateral surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells in the presence of a chemoattractant results in disruption of barrier function even without transmigration. Similarly, serine protease-mediated activation of epithelial protease-activated receptors (PARs) has been shown to increase permeability. In this study, we assessed whether transmigrating PMNs can regulate barrier function through epithelial PAR activation. Transepithelial resistance (TER) decreased significantly after PMN contact with basolateral surfaces of T84 monolayers or after incubation with PMN elastase and proteinase-3, but not cathepsin G. Inhibition of PMN serine proteases, but not selective inhibition of elastase or cathepsin G, prevented the fall in TER induced by PMN contact and blocked PMN transepithelial migration. Basolateral, but not apical, PAR-1 and -2 activation with selective agonists also decreased TER. PAR-1 and -2 were localized intracellularly and in close proximity to lateral surfaces beneath tight junctions, and expression was increased in colonic mucosa from individuals with Crohn's disease. Combined, but not individual, transfection with small interfering RNAs targeted against epithelial PAR-1 and -2, prevented the fall in TER induced by PMN contact. Furthermore, basolateral PAR-1 and -2 activation induced phosphorylation of myosin L chain kinase and regulatory myosin L chain. Lastly, epithelial PAR-1 and -2 knockdown decreased the rate of PMN transepithelial migration. These results suggest that protease-mediated epithelial PAR-1 and -2 activation, by migrating PMNs, induces signaling events that increase epithelial permeability thereby facilitates PMN transepithelial migration.
A unified active and semi-supervised learning framework for image compression (2009)

We consider the problem of lossy image compression from machine learning perspective. Typical image compression algorithms first transform the image from its spatial domain representation to frequency domain representation using some transform technique, such as discrete cosine transform and discrete wavelet transform, and then code the transformed values. Recently, instead of performing a frequency transformation, machine learning based approach has been proposed which uses the color information from a few representative pixels to learn a model which predicts color on the rest of the pixels. Selecting the most representative pixels is essentially an active learning problem, while colorization is a semi-supervised learning problem. In this paper, we propose a novel active learning algorithm, called graph regularized experimental design (GRED), which shares the same principle of the semi-supervised learning algorithm used for colorization. This way, active and semi-supervised learning is unified into a single framework for pixel selection and colorization. Our experimental results suggest that the proposed approach achieves higher compression ratio and image quality, while the compression time is significantly reduced.
Visual Reinforcement Learning with Imagined Goals (2018)

For an autonomous agent to fulfill a wide range of user-specified goals at test time, it must be able to learn broadly applicable and general-purpose skill repertoires. Furthermore, to provide the requisite level of generality, these skills must handle raw sensory input such as images. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that acquires such general-purpose skills by combining unsupervised representation learning and reinforcement learning of goal-conditioned policies. Since the particular goals that might be required at test-time are not known in advance, the agent performs a self-supervised "practice" phase where it imagines goals and attempts to achieve them. We learn a visual representation with three distinct purposes: sampling goals for self-supervised practice, providing a structured transformation of raw sensory inputs, and computing a reward signal for goal reaching. We also propose a retroactive goal relabeling scheme to further improve the sample-efficiency of our method. Our off-policy algorithm is efficient enough to learn policies that operate on raw image observations and goals for a real-world robotic system, and substantially outperforms prior techniques.
Context-dependent car navigation as kind of human-machine collaborative interaction (2013)

This is a paper about one of our research area's most evasive concepts, namely that of “context”. In HCI as well as UbiComp, it has inspired many projects venturing to exploit the semantics of individual users' contexts. That is lead by intentions to study the potential of human-machine collaborative interaction and make applications behave more efficiently, user-friendly and invisibly. This has not considerably turned into a new paradigm of computing, we believe, due to a not completely satisfied theoretical model of what context really is. This paper intends to alleviate that by specifying a model of context that is even more personal, and by that better adapted to the particular domain of in-car navigation. The model is next used to implement an application, which demonstrates its usefulness. Future work shall take this experiment further, to support the inner-local context-aware functionality of such systems in practice.
Fine structure of the postpygidial gland in Aenictus army ants (1999)

Billen, J., Gobin, B. & Ito, F. 1999. Fine structure of the postpygidial gland in Aenictus army ants. – Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 80: 307–310 Army ants of the genus Aenictus are characterized by the presence of a conspicuous postpygidial gland, which is the source of the trail pheromone. The paired gland at each side consists of a reservoir sac into which the secretory cells open through their accompanying duct cells. The secretory cells are characterized by a well developed Golgi apparatus, numerous mitochondria and strands of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The reservoir opens near the abdomen tip, which facilitates deposition of the secretory products onto the substrate. The large reservoir of the postpygidial gland may enable the incessant trail laying of at least one of the investigated species.
Lithium ion-crown ether complexes in a molten salt (1993)

Abstract
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Methylbenzo(b)furan Derivatives from Aryl β‐ Chloroallyl Ethers with Aluminum Chloride. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid detection of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in blood cultures by an impedance method (1997)

The feasibility of using an impedance method for direct detection of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) in blood cultures was evaluated. An aliquot (0.1 ml) of the positive blood culture, which showed growth of gram-positive cocci and demonstrated thermonuclease activity, was inoculated into the module well of a Bactometer incubator (bioMerieux Vitek, Hazelwood, Mo.) containing 0.6 ml of Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with oxacillin (2 microg/ml). The modules were incubated at 37 degrees C, and the change in impedance in each well was continuously monitored by the instrument at 6-min intervals for 24 h. ORSA strains from blood cultures could multiply in the oxacillin-containing medium, and a time point (detection time [DT]) at which an accelerating change of impedance occurred in the medium was obtained, with an average of 5.5 h. The growth of oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus (OSSA) strains was largely inhibited, and no DT was obtained for these strains within an incubation period of 24 h. For 96 positive blood cultures (38 ORSA and 58 OSSA) tested, 36 and 57 were found to be oxacillin resistant and oxacillin sensitive, respectively, by the impedance method. The impedance method had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.7 and 98.3%, respectively, for the detection of ORSA and had an agreement of 96.9% with the disc diffusion method. Comparable results were obtained by the testing of 235 clinical stock cultures of S. aureus (149 ORSA and 86 OSSA). The impedance test is simple for detecting ORSA in blood cultures and may allow proper antimicrobial treatment almost 36 h before the results of the conventional culture methods are available.
Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidative Coupling Polymerization of 2,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene Using Bisoxazoline Ligands (2003)

The asymmetric oxidative coupling polymerization of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene with the complexes of Cu(I)−bisoxazoline as a catalyst under an O2 atmosphere was successfully accomplished to produce poly(2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthylene) having a continuous 1,1‘-bi-2-naphthol main chain structure. For example, the polymerization with (S)-2,2‘-isopropylidenebis(4-phenyl-2-oxazoline) as a ligand at room temperature for 24 h afforded a methanol-insoluble polymer in 30% yield with a molecular weight of approximately 4.1 × 103 as estimated by 13C NMR analysis, and the polymer was quantitatively obtained after 48 h. The obtained polymer was rich in the S-configuration. The structure of the bisoxazoline ligands significantly affected the catalyst activity and stereoselectivity.