gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Mushroom-Derived Soluble β-1,6-Glucan Using the Function-Modified Recombinant β-1,6-Glucanase (2020)

Mushroom is one of the major sources of β-glucan used in medical applications and traditional therapies. Thus, structure analysis and quantification of β-glucan content is crucial to evaluate medicinal mushrooms. Most studies concerning mushroom-derived β-glucan have been focused on β-1,3-glucans. However, recent investigations suggest that β-1,6 glucans have important roles for immunomodulating activity. Therefore, to elucidate the fine structure of various mushroom-derived β-glucans, we recently developed a novel β-1,6 glucan detection system using the function-modified recombinant β-1,6-glucanase. In this study, we performed an ELISA-like assay using modified β-1,6-glucanase and soluble dectin-1-Fc as the probes for β-1,6-glucan and β-1,3-glucan, respectively. Reactivity of ELISA to crude hot water extracts of edible mushrooms (Grifola frondosa, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus tuoliensis, P. eryngii, P. ostreatus, Hypsizygus marmoreus, and Lentinus edodes) was compared and L. edodes showed the strongest reactivity among them. An additional 19 different products of fresh L. edodes (shiitake mushroom) commercially available in Japan were also analyzed. This revealed limited differences in amounts of β-1,6-glucan and β-1,3-glucan in each shiitake mushroom. Furthermore, structural analysis of some purified β-glucans derived from medicinal mushrooms was performed, and their action for inducing tumor necrosis factor-α production from the murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells was investigated. We found relation between reactivity to modified β-1,6-glucanase and its cytokine inducing activity. This assay could be useful for evaluating the strains of edible or medicinal mushrooms, which may be used as alternative medicines.
Relative learning from web images for content-adaptive enhancement (2015)

Personalized and content-adaptive image enhancement can find many applications in the age of social media and mobile computing. This paper presents a relative-learning-based approach, which, unlike previous methods, does not require matching original and enhanced images for training. This allows the use of massive online photo collections to train a ranking model for improved enhancement. We first propose a multi-level ranking model, which is learned from only relatively-labeled inputs that are automatically crawled. Then we design a novel parameter sampling scheme under this model to generate the desired enhancement parameters for a new image. For evaluation, we first verify the effectiveness and the generalization abilities of our approach, using images that have been enhanced/labeled by experts. Then we carry out subjective tests, which show that users prefer images enhanced by our approach over other existing methods.
Dissolution Phenomenon of the Piretanide Amorphous Form Involving Phase Change. (1996)

The dissolution phenomenon of piretanide amorphous form and form C was investigated in various pH buffers at 37°C and at pH 5 at various temperatures by a dispersed-amount method. Their initial dissolution rates were investigated at pH 5 at various temperatures (30-45°C) by a stationary-disk method. The solubility of the amorphous form and form C was temperature dependent at pH 5 and pH dependent at 37°C. The amorphous form was more soluble than form C under acidic conditions. However, it was as soluble as form C in JP XII second fluid (pH 6.8). The amorphous form showed characteristic convex dissolution curves with maximal concentration at 30 and 35°C, whereas the amorphous form at 40 and 45°C and the form C at 30-45°C showed only normal dissolution curves.The initial dissolution process of form C obtained by the stationary-disk method followed the Noyes-Whitney-Nernst equation, but that of the amorphous form did not. The initial dissolution process of the amorphous form was analyzed by a dissolution kinetics equation involving phase transformation from the amorphous form to form C. The maximal concentration, the dissolution rate constant, and the rate constant of the phase transition process were estimated. The thermodynamic parameters for the dissolution process of the amorphous form and form C were obtained from van't Hoff and Arrhenius plots, respectively. The results of the intrinsic solubility and dissolution parameters of the two forms suggested that the difference in the dissolution rates between them affects the bioavailability of piretanide preparations.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors 1998 (1998)

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as an approach to treatment of diseases such as cancer, arthritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) is now an area of intense interest within the pharmaceutical industry. This review summarises developments in the design and clinical evaluation of synthetic MMP inhibitors since the subject was last covered in this journal in 1996.
Specifying temporal behavior in interactive multimedia documents (1995)

Multimedia documents may contain a rich mixture of static media, such as text and images, and dynamic media, such as audio and video. The presence of dynamic media introduces time as an axis along which information can be presented. Thus, multimedia documents require both a spatial layout, which specifies where media should appear, and a temporal layout, which indicates when events in the document should occur.
In this dissertation, I argue that document creation and maintenance can be simplified by providing mechanisms for automatically producing temporal layouts. The approach that I describe is analogous to using document formatters, such as T$\sb {\rm E}$X or Microsoft Word, to automatically produce spatial layouts for traditional documents.
I begin by presenting a new temporal specification model, based on events and temporal constraints. Events mark either predictable points in time, such as the start of a lion's roar in an audio recording, or unpredictable points in time, such as when a user presses the help button. Temporal constraints specify the temporal ordering of pairs of events, such as specifying that the lion's roar should occur simultaneously with the appearance of a lion in a video.
I also introduce a two-phase temporal formatter that consists of a compiletime component called the scheduler and a runtime component called the runtime system. The scheduler uses a constraint satisfaction algorithm, based on linear programming, to position media in time so as to conform to the temporal constraints specified by the author. It produces a partial temporal layout in which the predictable portions have definite times and the unpredictable portions have event-relative times. Conceptually, the scheduler is similar to T$\sb {\rm E}$X's spatial layout algorithm because it permits time to be stretched or shrunk within media segments. The runtime system completes a document's temporal layout by merging the predictable and unpredictable portions together in response to the occurrence of unpredictable events.
I also present a framework for understanding automatic temporal formatters and exploring the issues surrounding them. This framework incorporates the preceding temporal formatter's strength in handling predictable and unpredictable temporal behavior, and its ability to attempt to correct temporal mismatches before a document is presented. It can also describe the presentation of multimedia documents in heterogeneous environments, as well as the adjustment of a document's temporal layout to account for media delays. The result is the definition of a more powerful and more comprehensive class of temporal formatters.
Discovery of Bicycloalkyl Urea Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor Antagonists:  Orally Efficacious Antiobesity Therapeutics (2005)

Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is involved in regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Antagonists of the MCH receptor are expected to affect food intake and weight gain, making MCH-R1 an attractive target for obesity treatment. Herein, we report the discovery of a novel, orally active series of MCH-R1 antagonists that exhibit in vivo efficacy in rodent obesity models.
VoIP network failure detection and user notification (2004)

The impact of network failures can be minimized if users are promptly notified by appropriately designed applications. Specifically, for voice-over-IP (VoIP) networks, an RTP/RTCP-based detection method can be used to rapidly distinguish between network congestion and network failures. Users and network managers can exploit this information in various ways, such as rapid network recovery or seeking alternatives at the application layer. In this paper, we present the main ideas behind these proposals, some analytical/simulation results, insights from a Linux-based implementation and experimental results.
High-quality passive facial performance capture using anchor frames (2011)

We present a new technique for passive and markerless facial performance capture based on anchor frames. Our method starts with high resolution per-frame geometry acquisition using state-of-the-art stereo reconstruction, and proceeds to establish a single triangle mesh that is propagated through the entire performance. Leveraging the fact that facial performances often contain repetitive subsequences, we identify anchor frames as those which contain similar facial expressions to a manually chosen reference expression. Anchor frames are automatically computed over one or even multiple performances. We introduce a robust image-space tracking method that computes pixel matches directly from the reference frame to all anchor frames, and thereby to the remaining frames in the sequence via sequential matching. This allows us to propagate one reconstructed frame to an entire sequence in parallel, in contrast to previous sequential methods. Our anchored reconstruction approach also limits tracker drift and robustly handles occlusions and motion blur. The parallel tracking and mesh propagation offer low computation times. Our technique will even automatically match anchor frames across different sequences captured on different occasions, propagating a single mesh to all performances.
Development of Weldable Paint Coated Steel Sheet Having Superior Formability and Corrosion Resistance (1988)

of zinc alloy coated steel sheets as the substrates of weldable prepainted steel sheets has been investigated. As zinc-nickel alloy coating improves corrosion resistance of the weldable prepainted steel sheets to a great extent, thickness of electrically conductive paint film is able to be reduced to 5 m. This results in improvement in their weldability and formability. The zinc alloy coating containing iron more than 9 wt% is apt to form red rust. Based upon above results, the surface coated steel sheet having 5 m of electrically conductive paint film
Joint Estimation of Porosity and Saturation Using Stochastic Rock Physics Modeling (2004)

Abstract Porosity and saturation are fundamental sedimentary properties that affect both seismic wave propagation and appraisal development and production of an oil field. Traditionally, these parameters have been estimated from seismic impedances and velocities using Biot-Gassman theory and/or or porosity-velocity relationships. However, when using theory to relate surface seismic attributes to reservoir saturation, the porosity estimation problem and its affect on the unsaturated sedimentary properties should be addressed. Similarly, the problem of porosity estimation is also affected by the hydrocarbon saturation at the target. Because bulk modulus and density are affected by both porosity and saturation of the sediment, and because the shear modulus is affected by the sediment porosities, estimating hydrocarbon saturation and reservoir porosity from seismic data is a joint estimation problem. Moreover, the uncertainties associated with saturation estimation are related to the uncertainties we have in the porosity, and vice versa. In this paper, we present a methodology for joint porosity-saturation estimation. We show how porosities and saturations can be jointly estimated using stochastic rock physics modeling and Bayesian estimation framework. We study the interdependencies of this reservoir property estimation problem within a given lithology unit.
Trusted language runtime (TLR) (2011)

Despite their popularity, today's smartphones do not yet offer environments for building and running trusted applications. At the same time, current systems designed for traditional desktop or server machines to enable trusted applications are either too heavyweight for smartphones or too difficult to program. This paper presents the Trusted Language Runtime (TLR), a system for developing and running trusted applications on a smartphone. The TLR is lightweight because 1) it makes use of ARM TrustZone, hardware support that offers rich trusted computing primitives, and 2) it leverages the .NET MicroFramework, a language runtime for embedded and resource-constrained devices. The TLR is easy to program because .NET offers the productivity benefits of modern high-level languages, such as strong typing and garbage collection, to application developers.
Pilch for carbon fibers (1984)

A pitch which affords a carbon fiber having a high strength and a high elastic modulus is obtained by treating a pitch containing 5 to 35 weight percent of an optically anisotropic region with sulfur.
Highly compressed Aho-Corasick automata for efficient intrusion detection (2008)

We develop a method to compress the unoptimized Aho-Corasick automaton that is used widely in intrusion detection systems. Our method uses bitmaps with multiple levels of summaries as well as aggressive path compaction. By using multiple levels of summaries, we are able to determine a popcount with as few as 1 addition. On Snort string databases, our compressed automata take 24% to 31% less memory than taken by the compressed automata of Tuck et al. [23]. and the number of additions required to compute popcounts is reduced by about 90%.
Cascaded ensemble of convolutional neural networks and handcrafted features for mitosis detection (2014)

Breast cancer (BCa) grading plays an important role in predicting disease aggressiveness and patient outcome. A key component of BCa grade is mitotic count, which involves quantifying the number of cells in the process of dividing (i.e. undergoing mitosis) at a specific point in time. Currently mitosis counting is done manually by a pathologist looking at multiple high power fields on a glass slide under a microscope, an extremely laborious and time consuming process. The development of computerized systems for automated detection of mitotic nuclei, while highly desirable, is confounded by the highly variable shape and appearance of mitoses. Existing methods use either handcrafted features that capture certain morphological, statistical or textural attributes of mitoses or features learned with convolutional neural networks (CNN). While handcrafted features are inspired by the domain and the particular application, the data-driven CNN models tend to be domain agnostic and attempt to learn additional feature bases that cannot be represented through any of the handcrafted features. On the other hand, CNN is computationally more complex and needs a large number of labeled training instances. Since handcrafted features attempt to model domain pertinent attributes and CNN approaches are largely unsupervised feature generation methods, there is an appeal to attempting to combine these two distinct classes of feature generation strategies to create an integrated set of attributes that can potentially outperform either class of feature extraction strategies individually. In this paper, we present a cascaded approach for mitosis detection that intelligently combines a CNN model and handcrafted features (morphology, color and texture features). By employing a light CNN model, the proposed approach is far less demanding computationally, and the cascaded strategy of combining handcrafted features and CNN-derived features enables the possibility of maximizing performance by leveraging the disconnected feature sets. Evaluation on the public ICPR12 mitosis dataset that has 226 mitoses annotated on 35 High Power Fields (HPF, x400 magnification) by several pathologists and 15 testing HPFs yielded an F-measure of 0.7345. Apart from this being the second best performance ever recorded for this MITOS dataset, our approach is faster and requires fewer computing resources compared to extant methods, making this feasible for clinical use.
Thiophene systems. <b>10</b>. The synthesis and chemistry of some thienopyridinols (1988)

Abstract Substituted thieno[2,3‐ c ]‐, thieno[3,2‐ c ]‐ and thieno[3,4‐ c ]pyridinols have not been described despite the fact that a few descriptions of the parent ring systems have appeared in the literature. As part of our ongoing program to investigate the synthesis of thiophene derivatives with potential biological activity, we became interested in the preparation of the various thienopyridinols. Syntheses of the title compounds 2a, 3 and 25 were achieved starting from thiophene‐3‐acetic acid and 3‐acetylthiophene. The two isomeric systems 2a and 3 were reacted with electrophiles to give products substituted at the position α to the hydroxy group on the pyridine ring (the 4‐ and 6‐positions, respectively). Lack of stability of 25 precluded studies on this system. Compounds 2a, 3 and 25 reacted with acetic anhydride to give O ‐acetyl derivatives while reaction of the anion of 2a and 3 with methyl iodide gave mixtures of O ‐ and N ‐methylation. The N ‐methylated products are the novel thienopyridones 45 and 47 .
Improved magnetic resonance fingerprinting reconstruction with low‐rank and subspace modeling (2017)

The proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of MRF, and also reduces data acquisition time. Magn Reson Med 79:933-942, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Performing Stochastic Computation Deterministically (2020)

Stochastic logic performs computation on data represented by random bit-streams. The representation allows complex arithmetic to be performed with very simple logic, but it suffers from high latency and poor precision. Furthermore, the results are always somewhat inaccurate due to random fluctuations. In this paper, we show that randomness is not a requirement for this computational paradigm. If properly structured, the same arithmetical constructs can operate on deterministic bit-streams, with the data represented uniformly by the fraction of 1's versus 0's. This paper presents three approaches for the computation: relatively prime stream lengths, rotation, and clock division. Unlike stochastic methods, all three of our deterministic methods produce completely accurate results. The cost of generating the deterministic streams is a small fraction of the cost of generating streams from random/pseudorandom sources. Most importantly, the latency is reduced by a factor of (1/2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> ), where n is the equivalent number of bits of precision. When computing in unary, the bit-stream length increases with each level of logic. This is an inevitable consequence of the representation, but it can result in unmanageable bit-stream lengths. We discuss two methods for maintaining constant bit-streams lengths via approximations, based on low-discrepancy sequences. These methods provide the best accuracy and area x delay product. They are fast-converging and therefore offer progressive precision.
Production and Purification of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Vectors (2011)

The use of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors in gene therapy for preclinical studies in animal models and human clinical trials is increasing, as these vectors have been shown to be safe and to mediate persistent transgene expression in vivo. Constant improvement in rAAV manufacturing processes (upstream production and downstream purification) has paralleled this evolution to meet the needs for larger vector batches, higher vector titer, and improved vector quality and safety. This chapter provides an overview of existing production and purification systems used for adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, and the advantages and disadvantages of each system are outlined. Regulatory guidelines that apply to the use of these systems for clinical trials are also presented. The methods described are examples of protocols that have been utilized for establishing rAAV packaging cell lines, production of rAAV vectors using recombinant HSV infection, and for chromatographic purification of various AAV vector serotypes. A protocol for the production of clinical-grade rAAV type 2 vectors using transient transfection and centrifugation-based purification is also described.
Current Techniques for MR Imaging of Atherosclerosis (2009)

Vessel wall imaging of large vessels has the potential to identify culprit atherosclerotic plaques that lead to cardiovascular events. Comprehensive assessment of atherosclerotic plaque size, composition, and biological activity is possible with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic resonance imaging of the atherosclerotic plaque has demonstrated high accuracy and measurement reproducibility for plaque size. The accuracy of in vivo multicontrast MRI for identification of plaque composition has been validated against histological findings. Magnetic resonance imaging markers of plaque biological activity such as neovasculature and inflammation have been demonstrated. In contrast to other plaque imaging modalities, MRI can be used to study multiple vascular beds noninvasively over time. In this review, we compare the status of in vivo plaque imaging by MRI to competing imaging modalities. Recent MR technological improvements allow fast, accurate, and reproducible plaque imaging. An overview of current MRI techniques required for carotid plaque imaging including hardware, specialized pulse sequences, and processing algorithms are presented. In addition, the application of these techniques to coronary, aortic, and peripheral vascular beds is reviewed.
PROGRESS TOWARDS CHIRPED-PULSE FOURIER TRANSFORM THZ SPECTROSCOPY (2010)

Author Institution: National Institute of Standards And Technology, Optical Technology Division, Gaithersburg, Md 20899; NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY,ELECTROMAGNETICS DIVISION, BOULDER, CO 80305
Prevalence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157 in Cattle Feeds in Midwestern Feedlots (2003)

Comparisons of enrichment methods (with or without antibiotics and with or without a preenrichment step) using gram-negative (GN) broth or tryptic soy broth (TSB) were conducted with feeds inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7. TSB was more sensitive than GN broth, and TSB with a preenrichment step followed by TSB with antibiotics was more sensitive than plain TSB enrichment, in detecting E. coli O157 in inoculated feeds. Feed samples were collected from feed bunks from 54 feedlots to determine the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle feeds. TSB preenrichment followed by TSB with antibiotics and the standard GN broth enrichment were used for each feed sample. All samples underwent immunomagnetic separation and were plated onto sorbitol MacConkey agar with cefixime and potassium tellurite. Identification of E. coli O157 was based on indole production, positive latex agglutination for O157 antigen, API 20E test strip results, PCR for the eaeA gene, and the presence of at least one Shiga toxin. E. coli O157 was detected in 52 of 504 feed samples (10.3%) by using GN broth enrichment and in 46 of 504 feed samples (9.1%) by using TSB followed by TSB supplemented with cefixime and vancomycin. E. coli O157 was detected in 75 of 504 feed bunk samples (14.9%) by one or both methods. There was no correlation between E. coli O157 prevalence and generic coliform counts in feeds. The prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle feed warrants further studies to increase our knowledge of the on-farm ecology of E. coli O157 in order to develop strategies to prevent food-borne disease in humans.