gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping human brain capillary water lifetime: high‐resolution metabolic neuroimaging (2015)

Shutter-speed analysis of dynamic-contrast-agent (CA)-enhanced normal, multiple sclerosis (MS), and glioblastoma (GBM) human brain data gives the mean capillary water molecule lifetime (τ(b)) and blood volume fraction (v(b); capillary density-volume product (ρ(†)V)) in a high-resolution (1)H2O MRI voxel (40 μL) or ROI. The equilibrium water extravasation rate constant, k(po) (τ(b)(-1)), averages 3.2 and 2.9 s(-1) in resting-state normal white matter (NWM) and gray matter (NGM), respectively (n = 6). The results (italicized) lead to three major conclusions. (A) k(po) differences are dominated by capillary water permeability (P(W)(†)), not size, differences. NWM and NGM voxel k(po) and v(b) values are independent. Quantitative analyses of concomitant population-averaged k(po), v(b) variations in normal and normal-appearing MS brain ROIs confirm P(W)(†) dominance. (B) P(W)(†) is dominated (>95%) by a trans(endothelial)cellular pathway, not the P(CA)(†) paracellular route. In MS lesions and GBM tumors, P(CA)(†) increases but P(W)(†) decreases. (C) k(po) tracks steady-state ATP production/consumption flux per capillary. In normal, MS, and GBM brain, regional k(po) correlates with literature MRSI ATP (positively) and Na(+) (negatively) tissue concentrations. This suggests that the P(W)(†) pathway is metabolically active. Excellent agreement of the relative NGM/NWM k(po)v(b) product ratio with the literature (31)PMRSI-MT CMR(oxphos) ratio confirms the flux property. We have previously shown that the cellular water molecule efflux rate constant (k(io)) is proportional to plasma membrane P-type ATPase turnover, likely due to active trans-membrane water cycling. With synaptic proximities and synergistic metabolic cooperativities, polar brain endothelial, neuroglial, and neuronal cells form "gliovascular units." We hypothesize that a chain of water cycling processes transmits brain metabolic activity to k(po), letting it report neurogliovascular unit Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Cerebral k(po) maps represent metabolic (functional) neuroimages. The NGM 2.9 s(-1) k(po) means an equilibrium unidirectional water efflux of ~10(15) H2O molecules s(-1) per capillary (in 1 μL tissue): consistent with the known ATP consumption rate and water co-transporting membrane symporter stoichiometries.
Invited Demo: Pyzoflex - Printed Piezoelectric Pressure Sensing Foil (2012)

Ferroelectric material supports both pyro- and piezoelectric effects that can be used for sensing pressures on large, bended surfaces. We present PyzoFlex, a pressure-sensing input device that is based on a ferroelectric material. It is constructed with a sandwich structure of four layers that can be printed easily on any material. We use this material in combination with a high-resolution Anoto-sensing foil to support both hand and pen input tracking. The foil is bendable, energy-efficient, and it can be produced in a printing process. Even a hovering mode is feasible due to its pyroelectric effect. 1
Improved Warm-Working Process For An Iron-Base Alloy (1992)

Warm-working process produces predominantly unrecrystallized grain structure in forgings of iron-base alloy A286 (PWA 1052 composition). Yield strength and ultimate strength increased, and elongation and reduction of area at break decreased. Improved process used on forgings up to 10 in. thick and weighing up to 900 lb.
Piezoelectric shear wave resonator and method of making same (1989)

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Interconnect Characterization of X Architecture Diagonal Lines for VLSI Design (2005)

This paper addresses the manufacturability, yield, and reliability aspects of X Architecture interconnects (diagonal lines) in a very large scale integrated (VLSI) design that enables integrated circuit (IC) chips to become faster and smaller (area) compared to the same design in Manhattan routing. Test chips that consist of comb/serpentine, maze, via chain, as well as resistance and capacitance structures are designed and fabricated using both 130- and 90-nm copper processes. A new technique to characterize interconnect physical parameters (top and bottom line widths, metal line, and dielectric thickness) is developed that requires capacitance measurement on sets of special test structures. An excellent agreement is found between the extracted process parameters, for both diagonal and Manhattan lines, using this technique and those of SEM/FIB data. Measurements of the line resistance, capacitance, and SEM/FIB data on different types of test structures show that 1:1 design rule ratio (Manhattan versus X Architecture) is manufacturable, and the uniformity and fidelity of the diagonal lines are as good as Manhattan lines. The current generation of mask, lithography, wafer processing techniques are applicable to X Architecture designs.
Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex increased bone healing: histologic and histomorphometric study (2016)

ASI supplementation significantly improved bone tissue healing in rats with critical-sized defects. This study demonstrated that ASI can enhance bone repair and has potential as a therapeutic regimen in humans.
Infection with Strains of <i>Citrus Tristeza Virus</i> Does Not Exclude Superinfection by Other Strains of the Virus (2009)

Superinfection exclusion or homologous interference, a phenomenon in which a primary viral infection prevents a secondary infection with the same or closely related virus, has been observed commonly for viruses in various systems, including viruses of bacteria, plants, and animals. With plant viruses, homologous interference initially was used as a test of virus relatedness to define whether two virus isolates were "strains" of the same virus or represented different viruses, and subsequently purposeful infection with a mild isolate was implemented as a protective measure against isolates of the virus causing severe disease. In this study we examined superinfection exclusion of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a positive-sense RNA closterovirus. Thirteen naturally occurring isolates of CTV representing five different virus strains and a set of isolates originated from virus constructs engineered based on an infectious cDNA clone of T36 isolate of CTV, including hybrids containing sequences from different isolates, were examined for their ability to prevent superinfection by another isolate of the virus. We show that superinfection exclusion occurred only between isolates of the same strain and not between isolates of different strains. When isolates of the same strain were used for sequential plant inoculation, the primary infection provided complete exclusion of the challenge isolate, whereas isolates from heterologous strains appeared to have no effect on replication, movement or systemic infection by the challenge virus. Surprisingly, substitution of extended cognate sequences from isolates of the T68 or T30 strains into T36 did not confer the ability of resulting hybrid viruses to exclude superinfection by those donor strains. Overall, these results do not appear to be explained by mechanisms proposed previously for other viruses. Moreover, these observations bring an understanding of some previously unexplained fundamental features of CTV biology and, most importantly, build a foundation for the strategy of selecting mild isolates that would efficiently exclude severe virus isolates as a practical means to control CTV diseases.
Fungicidal activity of N-benzoylanthranilates and related compounds. (1980)

Methyl N-(substituted benzoyl)anthranilates were found to possess inhibitory activity against the powdery mildew of cucumber caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Both the anthranilate and the N-benzoyl moieties were essential for this type of fungicidal activity. Substitution at the 2- and 4-positions of the N-benzoyl group was unfavorable to the activity except for the 4-methoxy group. Substitution at the 3-position varied the fungicidal activity to various extents. The variation in the activity of 3-substituted derivatives was analyzed quantitatively with substituent parameters and regression analysis indicating that the variation in the steric dimension of substituents was most responsible for the activity.
Optimization-Based Image Reconstruction From Low-Count, List-Mode TOF-PET Data (2018)

The optimization-based reconstruction approach can be exploited for yielding insights into potential quality upper bound of reconstructed images in, and design of scanning protocols of, TOF-PET imaging of practical significance.
Nanoscale memristive radiofrequency switches (2015)

Radiofrequency switches are critical components in wireless communication systems and consumer electronics. Emerging devices include switches based on microelectromechanical systems and phase-change materials. However, these devices suffer from disadvantages such as large physical dimensions and high actuation voltages. Here we propose and demonstrate a nanoscale radiofrequency switch based on a memristive device. The device can be programmed with a voltage as low as 0.4 V and has an ON/OFF conductance ratio up to 10(12) with long state retention. We measure the radiofrequency performance of the switch up to 110 GHz and demonstrate low insertion loss (0.3 dB at 40 GHz), high isolation (30 dB at 40 GHz), an average cutoff frequency of 35 THz and competitive linearity and power-handling capability. Our results suggest that, in addition to their application in memory and computing, memristive devices are also a leading contender for radiofrequency switch applications.
Direct hydrogenation of magnesium boride to magnesium borohydride: demonstration of >11 weight percent reversible hydrogenstorage (2009)

Conditions have been found whereby it is possible to reversibly store >11 wt% hydrogen through the direct hydrogenation of MgB(2) to Mg(BH(4))(2).
Synthesis of <i>s</i>‐triazolocycloalkyl‐, <i>s</i>‐triazolobenzocycloalkyl‐, and <i>s</i>‐triazolocycloalkylhydrothiadiazines (1978)

Abstract The reaction of cyclic‐α‐haloketones with 5‐subslituted‐4‐amino‐4 H ‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐lhiols gave s ‐triãzolocycloalkylhydrothiadiazines and s ‐triazolobenzocycloalkylthiadiazines. Reduetion of the 5,5a‐imine bond of the s ‐triazoloeycloalkylthiadiazines gave s ‐triazolocycloalkylhydrothia‐diazines.
New current-mode pipeline A/D converter architectures (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new current-mode pipelined A/D converter architecture which can improve the speed by reducing the capacitive load seen by the output of every stage. By adjusting the reference currents, this new architecture can also reduce the power consumption. Using the new architecture, we designed a 2.7-V analog interface including a pipeline A/D converter and a voltage-to-current converter with adjustable AC ground voltage.
Bovine placental lactogen invokes rapid growth in chinook salmon (1996)

The effect of recombinant bovine placenta) lactogen (rbPL) treatment upon growth of juvenile chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (14.0 ± 0.31 g wet wt), was examined over a period of 6 weeks. Experimental animals were either injected (5 μg rbPL g−1 week−1), implanted with a cholesterol pellet containing 0.4 mg rbPL (approximately 4 μg g−1 week−1), or orally and rectally intubated with 7.5 μg rbPL g−1 week−1. Control animals were injected with bovine serum albumen (BSA), 5 μg g−1 week−1, implanted with a placebo or orally intubated (7.5 μg BSA g−1 week−1). Significant (P < 0.05) growth acceleration was recorded for rbPL-injected and pellet-implanted groups from week 2 onwards when compared against all other groups. Oral or rectal intubation of rbPL (7.5 μg rbPL g−1 week−1), however, was without effect. Condition factor decreased in all groups, but was significantly lower in rbPL-injected and pellet-implanted fish at trial end when compared against controls. No differences were recorded between groups for per cent body moisture or relative gut length. Hepatosomatic index was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in rbPL-injected and rbPL-implanted chinook salmon versus other fish.
Watt-level wireless power transmission to multiple compact receivers (2015)

This paper reports an electrodynamic wireless power transmission (EWPT) system using a low-frequency (300 Hz) magnetic field to transmit watt-scale power levels to multiple compact receivers. As compared to inductively or resonantly coupled coils, EWPT facilitates transmission to multiple non-interacting receivers with little restriction on their orientation. A single 3.0 cm3 receiver achieves 1.25 W power transmission with 8% efficiency at a distance of 1 cm (350 mW/cm3 power density) from the transmitter. The same prototype achieves 9 mW at a distance of 9 cm. Moreover, we demonstrate simultaneous recharge of two wearable devices, using two receivers located in arbitrary positions and orientations.
A practical appraisal of thermoelectric materials for use in an autonomous power supply (2019)

We discuss the selection of thermoelectric materials for use in autonomous power supplies for future sensing networks in terms of cost payback time and environmental and material costs, which are critical factors for practical application. Besides cost and the availability of the constituent elements, suitable thermoelectric materials need to have excellent chemical and thermal stability and a good balance between the mechanical properties of hardness and fracture toughness to enable the production of durable power generation modules. We introduce our research on and development of novel thermoelectric materials consisting of the low-cost and non-toxic elements Al, Fe, and Si.
A Novel Approach for Near Wellbore Stimulation and Deposits Removal Utilizing Thermochemical Reaction (2021)

Abstract Organic and inorganic deposits play a major issue and concern in the wellbore of oil wells. This paper discusses the utilization of a new and novel approach utilizing a thermochemical recipe that shows a successful impact on both organic and inorganic deposits, as an elimination agent, and functions as stimulation fluid to improve the permeability of the near wellbore formation. The new recipe consists of mixing nitrite salt with sulfamic acid in the wellbore at the target zone. The product of this reaction includes heat, acidic salt, and nitrogen gas. The heat of the reaction is enough to liquefy the organic deposits, and the acidic salt will tackle the carbonate scale in the tube and will increase the permeability of the near wellbore area. The nitrogen gas is an inert gas; it will not affect the reaction and will help to flow back the well after the treatment. The experimental work shows an increment in the temperature by 65 °C when mixing the two chemicals. The test was conducted at room conditions and the temperature reached around 90 °C. Adding another 65 °C to the wellbore temperature is enough to melt asphaltene and wax, the acidic salt tackles carbonate scale. As a result, the mixture works on eliminating both the organic and inorganic deposits. The permeability of the limestone sample shows an increment of 65% when treated by the mixture of the reaction recipe. The uniqueness of the new thermochemical recipe is the potential of performing three objectives at the same time; the heat of the reaction removes the organic deposits in the wellbore, the acidic salt tackles carbonate scale, and improves the permeability of the near wellbore zone.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus LANA Hitches a Ride on the Chromosome (2006)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latently infects tumor cells and has an etiologic role in Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. Survival in rapidly dividing cells depends on a carefully orchestrated chain of events. The viral genome, or episome, must replicate in concert with cellular genetic material, and then efficiently segregate to progeny nuclei. KSHV achieves this through its latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA), which simultaneously binds to viral DNA and mitotic chromosomes to efficiently partition episomes. LANA's N-terminal region has been shown to be essential for efficient KSHV DNA replication and tethering to mitotic chromosomes. The precise mechanism by which LANA attaches to host chromosomes has been an area of active investigation. We recently reported that this association is mediated by the chromatin components histones H2A and H2B. Binding between LANA and these proteins was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, and use of an H2A-H2B depleted system demonstrated their central role in LANA's chromosome binding. Further, we provided a structural description of the interaction of LANA's N-terminal chromosome association region with the nucleosome using x-ray crystallography. Our data offer further insight into the mechanism of KSHV latency, and also reveal a new concept for a role of the nucleosome as a docking site for other proteins.
Suppression of reflection from slots in a linearly-polarized radial line slot antenna (2002)

The authors present a new slot design for a single-layer linearly polarized radial line slot antenna which suppresses the reflection from slots. The design procedure of the array is presented. A slot set is optimized to minimize the reflection. Then, sets are arrayed all over the aperture to realize uniform aperture distribution. The design is confirmed by measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Channel estimation and equalization based on implicit training in OFDM systems (2006)

Implicit training (IT) based channel estimation exploits the first order statistics in the received data, induced by superimposing periodic training sequences with good correlation properties, along with information symbols. Hence the need for additional time slots for training the equalizer is avoided. In this paper we investigate on the applicability of this technique to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems over a frequency selective fading channel. Based on the estimate, a zero forcing solution is used to equalize the channel. The effect of the deterministic mean of the data on the channel estimate is considered. By exploiting the periodicity of the training sequences in the frequency domain, improved estimates of the channel coefficients are obtained. The performance of the estimator is presented in terms of the mean square estimation error (MSEE) and uncoded bit error rate (BER). All the improvements come at the cost of a loss in bandwidth which makes this scheme similar to the comb type pilot based channel estimation scheme for OFDM.
Further characterization of cooperative interactions of monoclonal antibodies. (1983)

We reported previously that mixtures of some monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoprotein hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) had a higher affinity for the antigen than either monoclonal antibody separately. The synergistic interaction could no longer be detected when one of the antibodies was replaced with its F(ab) fragment. This cooperative interaction has now been further characterized. One-half of 10 possible pairs prepared from five IgG1 monoclonal antibodies against hCG result in a synergistic interaction. The addition of an IgG2b monoclonal antibody to one of the IgG1 monoclonal antibodies also induces a cooperative interaction, which shows that the effect is not subclass restricted. Cooperative interactions between antibodies are also not restricted to solution conditions; adsorption of one antibody to a solid support appears to increase the cooperative effect. Indeed, one pair of antibodies that failed to bind hCG synergistically in solution did so when one antibody was bound to a solid surface. The liquid phase antibody also has an effect on the specificity of the solid phase antibody. The sensitivity of the solid phase assay system has enabled us to develop a rapid method of determining if two monoclonal antibodies can bind to an antigen simultaneously. A quantitative theoretical model has been devised that successfully predicts the cooperative behavior observed between antibodies and should be useful in devising conditions that result in sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassays.
Human humoral responses to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immunodominance of high-molecular-mass antigens (1997)

The selection of antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for most studies of humoral responses in tuberculosis patients has been restricted to molecules that were either immunodominant in immunized animals or amenable to biochemical purification rather than those that were reactive with the human immune system. Delineation of antigens that elicit humoral responses during the natural course of disease progression in humans has been hindered by the presence of cross-reactive antibodies to conserved regions on ubiquitous prokaryotic antigens in sera from healthy individuals and tuberculosis patients. The levels of cross-reactive antibodies in the sera were reduced by preadsorption with Escherichia coli lysates, prior to studying their reactivity against a large panel of M. tuberculosis antigens to which the human immune system may be exposed during natural infection and disease. Thus, reactivity against pools of secreted, cellular, and cell wall-associated antigens of M. tuberculosis was assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Initial results suggested that the secreted protein preparation contained antigens most frequently recognized by the humoral responses of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The culture filtrate proteins were subsequently size fractionated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, characterized by reaction with murine monoclonal antibodies to known antigens of M. tuberculosis by an ELISA, and assessed for reactivity with tuberculous and nontuberculous sera. Results show that a secreted antigen of 88 kDa elicits a strong antibody response in a high percentage of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. This and other antigens identified on the basis of their reactivity with patient sera may prove useful for developing serodiagnosis for tuberculosis.
Broadband electrostatic device for power harvesting (2015)

This paper introduces a prototype energy harvester device with integrated MEMS capacitive plate and two impact oscillators for transferring energy from low frequency structural vibration with varying mechanical spectra to a vibration of a high resonance frequency cantilever. The use of the two impact oscillators not only harvested energy at low frequencies but also had demonstrated exceptionally sufficient and optimum dynamic responses to a broad frequency bandwidth between 13 Hz and 39 Hz, the bandwidth covering wide range of residual vibrations in structures and systems, without reduction in output power. The device was designed with a MEMS capacitor fixed at the free end of an aluminium cantilever clamped at one side, with a high resonance frequency of 605 Hz matched with the single-cavity capacitor, and two cantilevers made of Al sheet with low resonance frequencies of 18 Hz and 25 Hz. The results clearly demonstrates the device's ability for frequency up- conversion and harvesting power on a wide range from 13 Hz to 39 Hz at 1g excitation.
High performance bio-based elastomers: energy efficient and sustainable materials for tires (2016)

An important breakthrough: a high performance bio-based elastomer for green tires <italic>via</italic> sustainable resources that reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emission.
Vision processing and control of robotic Arc welding system (1985)

A microprocessor-based control system is presented for a Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process to join thin sheet metal parts. The system uses a welding robot, a vision sensor, and an image processor to control the welding torch in real-time. A vision-processing algorithm is developed to compute weld puddle geometry parameters from the noisy image of the molten pool. The weld quality is controlled by regulation of puddle area, puddle width, arc length, and puddle center over the joint. Experimental results indicate successful operation of the control system with heat sink disturbances in the weld fixture.