gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic control of combustion instabilities and emissions in a gas-turbine combustor (2002)

Unstable thermoacoustic modes were investigated and controlled in an experimental low-emission swirl stabilized combustor, in which the acoustic boundary conditions were modified to obtain combustion instability. The swirl stabilized combustor was operated in premixed mode as well as with a diffusion type flame. A closed loop active control system was employed to suppress the thermoacoustic pressure oscillations and to reduce NOx emissions. Microphone and OH emission detection sensors mere utilized to monitor the combustion process and provide input to the control system. An acoustic actuation was utilized to modulate the air flow and thus affecting the mixing process and the combustion. Suppression levels of up to 5 dB in the pressure oscillations and a concomitant reduction of NOx emissions were obtained using an acoustic power of less than 0.002% of the combustor power. It was shown that the control system reduced the coherence of the vortical structures which gave rise to the thermoacoustic instability.
O4–05–03: A key role of the C–terminal cleavage of APP in Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Alzheimer's disease is currently without effective treatment. Although many studies have focused on amyloid–beta and its precursor, amyloid–beta–precursor protein(APP), we and others have found that APP also generates a second cytotoxic peptide, APP–C31, by cleavage of its intracellular domain at Asp664. This cleavage of APP occurs in AD brains, correlates with amyloid–beta in regions of pathology and removes motifs crucial for the interaction of APP with intracellular protein complexes. Surprisingly, our in vivo studies have now shown that cleavage of APP at Asp664 is required for multiple AD–like deficits in mice: synapse loss, dentate gyral atrophy, astrogliosis, and electrophysiological and working memory impairments. All these features, present in PDAPP transgenic mice –a well–established model of AD– are absent in two independent transgenic lines in which production of APP–C31 is abolished, PDAPP(D664A)B21 and PDAPP(D664A)B254. In addition, spatial memory impairments characteristic of aged transgenic PDAPP mice are also restored in transgenic PDAPP(D664A)B21 mice. We report here that spatial memory deficits were comparably restored in mice of the second, high–expressing line PDAPP(D664A)B254, in which all other AD–like deficits are restored as in PDAPP(D664A)B21 mice. Our findings indicate that cleavage of hAPP at Asp664 is a critical step in AD–like pathogenesis in mice. When considered in the context of current AD research, these results are most compatible with a model in which APP–C31 is a downstream mediator of amyloid–beta neurotoxicity, as it was recently demonstrated that (a) APP itself mediates a significant component of amyloid–beta toxicity; (b) Amyloid–beta oligomers interact with, and oligomerize, APP; (c) Amyloid–beta–mediated oligomerization of APP leads to complex formation and cleavage to produce APP–C31. Thus, cleavage of APP at Asp664 may be a critical step in the pathway mediating amyloid–beta–induced toxicity in vivo. The striking effect of preventing APP–C31 formation in mice and the potential implications of these findings for our understanding of AD–associated pathology argue that it will be of fundamental importance to determine how mutation of APP at Asp664 blocks the development of AD–like deficits, and suggest that therapies mimicking the effect of the D664A mutation might complement anti–amyloid therapies to stop or retard the progression of AD.
High density vertical optical interconnects for passive assembly (2023)

The co-packaging of optics and electronics provides a potential path forward to achieving beyond 50 Tbps top of rack switch packages. In a co-packaged design, the scaling of bandwidth, cost, and energy is governed by the number of optical transceivers (TxRx) per package as opposed to transistor shrink. Due to the large footprint of optical components relative to their electronic counterparts, the vertical stacking of optical TxRx chips in a co-packaged optics design will become a necessity. As a result, development of efficient, dense, and wide alignment tolerance chip-to-chip optical couplers will be an enabling technology for continued TxRx scaling. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to vertically couple into standard 220 nm silicon on insulator waveguides from 220 nm silicon nitride on glass waveguides using overlapping, inverse double tapers. Simulation results using Lumerical’s 3D Finite Difference Time Domain solver are presented, demonstrating insertion losses below -0.13 dB for an inter-chip spacing of 1 μm; 1 dB vertical and lateral alignment tolerances of approximately 2.6 μm and ± 2.8 μm, respectively; a greater than 300 nm 1 dB bandwidth; and 1 dB twist and tilt tolerances of approximately ± 2.3 degrees and 0.4 degrees, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of our coupler for use in co-packaged designs requiring high performance, high density, CMOS compatible out of plane optical connections.
Structure Layout Optimization for Multithreaded Programs (2007)

Structure layout optimizations seek to improve runtime performance by improving data locality and reuse. The structure layout heuristics for single-threaded benchmarks differ from those for multi-threaded applications running on multiprocessor machines, where the effects of false sharing need to be taken into account. In this paper we propose a technique for structure layout transformations for multithreaded applications that optimizes both for improved spatial locality and reduced false sharing, simultaneously. We develop a semi-automatic tool that produces actual structure layouts for multi-threaded programs and outputs the key factors contributing to the layout decisions. We apply this tool on the HP-UX kernel and demonstrate the effects of these transformations for a variety of already highly hand-tuned key structures with different set of properties. We show that naive heuristics can result in massive performance degradations on such a highly tuned application, while our technique generally avoids those pitfalls. The improved structures produced by our tool improve performance by up to 3.2% over a highly tuned baseline
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to two Treponema denticola serotypes by the indirect fluorescent-antibody assay. (1991)

Members of the genus Treponema have been implicated as possible aetiologic agents of periodontal disease. Previously developed murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to two Treponema denticola strains were characterized by an indirect fluorescent-antibody (IFA) technique. Fifteen T. denticola strains and 32 other bacteria commonly isolated from periodontal pockets were used in the screening process. Two monoclonal antibodies to T. denticola ATCC 33521, serotype B, reacted with five T. denticola isolates, and one monoclonal antibody to T. denticola ATCC 33520, serotype c, reacted with two T. denticola isolates. There was no cross-reactivity between MAbs to the two serotypes. Preliminary tests of the MAbs on human periodontal samples show that they are useful in detecting these bacteria in clinical samples.
Improving fine motor function after brain injury using gesture recognition biofeedback (2012)

This pilot study of a heterogeneous group shows that GRB may offer a simple means to help impaired users re-learn specified manual tasks.
QMCF: QMorph Cross Field-driven Quad-dominant Meshing Algorithm (2014)

We propose a new method for generation of quadrilateral meshes. Our algorithm takes a triangle mesh generated on a computer-aided design surface together with a size field as input. A novel cross field, defined on vertices of the triangle mesh, is derived from both curvature directions and constraints on the boundary. Our algorithm uses a modified QMorph algorithm for quad dominant meshing, to follow size field and to align edges with the cross field previously computed.
Rapidly Assessing Changes in Bone Mineral Balance Using Natural Stable Calcium Isotopes (2011)

We demonstrate that variations in the Ca isotope ratios in urine rapidly and quantitatively reflect changes in bone mineral balance. This variation occurs because bone formation depletes soft tissue of light Ca isotopes, while bone resorption releases that isotopically light Ca back into soft tissue. In a study of 12 individuals confined to bed rest, a condition known to induce bone resorption, we show that Ca isotope ratios shift in a direction consistent with net bone loss after just 7 days, long before detectible changes in bone density occur. Consistent with this interpretation, the Ca isotope variations track changes observed in N-teleopeptide, a bone resorption biomarker, while bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, a bone formation biomarker, is unchanged. Ca isotopes can in principle be used to quantify net changes in bone mass. Ca isotopes indicate an average loss of 0.62 +/- 0.16 % in bone mass over the course of this 30-day study. The Ca isotope technique should accelerate the pace of discovery of new treatments for bone disease and provide novel insights into the dynamics of bone metabolism.
Modified synthesis of nonsubstituted quinoline oligomers (1991)

Quinoline oligomers have been synthesized by the catalytic dehydrogenative co-oligomerization of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) and quinoline, with a THQ/quinoline ratio >0.06, at 270 °C in a high yield using ruthenium sulphide as a catalyst.
Channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization for channels with memory (2002)

This paper presents the design of channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (COTCQ) for channels with memory. The considered channel model is a binary channel with additive Markov noise. The proposed COTCQ stage exploits the channel memory by incorporating the characteristics of the correlated noise in the quantizer design. We investigate the performance of the memory-optimized COTCQ system for different bit error probabilities and noise correlation coefficients. We show that for a first-order Markov channel, COTCQ significantly outperforms channel-optimized scalar quantizer (COSQ), provided that an appropriate trellis is selected.
VideoEdge: Processing Camera Streams using Hierarchical Clusters (2018)

Organizations deploy a hierarchy of clusters - cameras, private clusters, public clouds - for analyzing live video feeds from their cameras. Video analytics queries have many implementation options which impact their resource demands and accuracy of outputs. Our objective is to select the "query plan" - implementations (and their knobs) - and place it across the hierarchy of clusters, and merge common components across queries to maximize the average query accuracy. This is a challenging task, because we have to consider multi-resource (network and compute) demands and constraints in the hierarchical cluster and search in an exponentially large search space for plans, placements, and merging. We propose VideoEdge, a system that introduces dominant demand to identify the best tradeoff between multiple resources and accuracy, and narrows the search space by identifying a "Pareto band" of promising configurations. VideoEdge also balances the resource benefits and accuracy penalty of merging queries. Deployment results show that VideoEdge improves accuracy by 25:4 and 5:4 compared to fair allocation of resources and a recent solution for video query planning (VideoStorm), respectively, and is within 6% of optimum.
Motion artifact reduction with three‐point ghost phase cancellation (1991)

A novel method for "ghost" artifact suppression is introduced. It suppresses ghosts induced by motion in any direction, as well as other types of quasi-periodic signal modulation. Because it requires neither special hardware nor intensive data processing, it can be easily implemented on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imagers. The method is based on the concept of decomposition of a ghosted complex image into a ghost mask and ideal image. A set of deliberately designed acquisitions are used to generate a set of ghosted complex images in which the ghost components are related in a simple manner. With use of equations describing image decomposition and ghost correlation, the ideal image can be calculated pixel by pixel. The ideal image obtained (representing the time-averaged spin-density distribution) is shown to be a truer representation of physical reality than the ghost-free image obtained with ordered phase encoding. In this technique, both interview and intraview effects are taken into account. The technique is also useful in simultaneously suppressing ghosts from multifrequency signal modulations such as respiratory and cardiac motions. The method was successfully tested with three time-interleaved, phase-encoding-order-shifted acquisitions. Experimental results have shown that it is a simple but effective technique.
Characteristics of the large-area stacked microstructured semiconductor neutron detector (2012)

Silicon diodes with large aspect ratio microstructures backfilled with <sup>6</sup>LiF show a dramatic increase in neutron detection efficiency beyond that of conventional thin-film coated planar devices. Described in this work are advancements in the technology with increased microstructure depths and detector stacking methods that work to increase thermal-neutron detection efficiency. An individual 4-cm<sup>2</sup> MSND was fabricated. A stacked 4-cm<sup>2</sup> MSND was fabricated by coupling two detectors back-to-back, along with counting electronics, into a single detector. The individual MSND delivered 16% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency and the stacked MSND delivered 32% intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency. The intrinsic thermal-neutron detection efficiency depends strongly upon the geometry, size, and depth of the silicon microstructures. This work is part of on-going research to develop solid-state semiconductor neutron detectors with high neutron detection efficiencies.
A Highly Selective and Potent PTP-MEG2 Inhibitor with Therapeutic Potential for Type 2 Diabetes (2012)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a large family of signaling enzymes that control the cellular levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. A detailed understanding of PTP functions in normal physiology and in pathogenic conditions has been hampered by the absence of PTP-specific, cell-permeable small-molecule agents. We present a stepwise focused library approach that transforms a weak and general non-hydrolyzable pTyr mimetic (F(2)Pmp, phosphonodifluoromethyl phenylalanine) into a highly potent and selective inhibitor of PTP-MEG2, an antagonist of hepatic insulin signaling. The crystal structures of the PTP-MEG2-inhibitor complexes provide direct evidence that potent and selective PTP inhibitors can be obtained by introducing molecular diversity into the F(2)Pmp scaffold to engage both the active site and unique nearby peripheral binding pockets. Importantly, the PTP-MEG2 inhibitor possesses highly efficacious cellular activity and is capable of augmenting insulin signaling and improving insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. The results indicate that F(2)Pmp can be converted into highly potent and selective PTP inhibitory agents with excellent in vivo efficacy. Given the general nature of the approach, this strategy should be applicable to other members of the PTP superfamily.
Study on the evaluation method for finished surface based on human visual characteristic (2016)

In the machining of molds and dies, it is quite important that the finished surface have no visible glitches. The purpose of this study is to develop the evaluation method for finished surface based on the human visual characteristic. In order to achieve the purpose, visual resolution and recognition limit of normal vector changes of the machined shape are investigated. The visual resolution of the human eyes is evaluated based on tool marks on the machined surface. The recognition limit of normal vector changes is evaluated based on the workpiece which has normal vector changes in its shape or surface profile. An evaluation method for the finished surface is proposed based on the investigated characteristics. In order to confirm the usability of the proposed method, evaluation tests of actual machined surfaces influenced by the machine tool motion errors are carried out. As the results, it is clarified that the proposed method can accurately evaluate visibility of the glitches on the machined surface.
Thiol-containing androgens as suicide substrates of aromatase (1985)

The thiol-containing androgens 17 beta-hydroxy-10 beta-mercaptoestr-4-en-3-one and 19-mercaptoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione were synthesized and tested in human placental microsomes for their ability to suicide inhibit aromatase. Both compounds showed time-dependent, pseudo-first-order rates of inactivation of aromatase with Ki's of 106 and 34 nM and kcat's of 3.2 X 10(-3) and 1.2 X 10(-3) s-1 respectively for 1 and 2 at 30 degrees C. Diffusion dialysis failed to reactivate aromatase previously inactivated by either compound, and both compounds required that NADPH and O2 be present for the time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme. The presence of the substrate, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (5.0 microM), protected the enzyme from inactivation while cysteine (1.0 mM) failed to protect aromatase from inactivation by either compound. The above evidence demonstrates that both compounds are potent suicide inhibitors of aromatase.
Pour some sugar on it: the expanding world of bacterial protein <i><scp>O</scp></i>‐linked glycosylation (2013)

Protein glycosylation was once considered as an eccentricity of a few bacteria. However in the recent years multiple O-glycosylation mechanisms have been identified in bacterial species from the most diverse genera, including various important human pathogens. This review focuses on summarizing the structural diversity, the various pathways and the physiological roles of this post-translational protein modification. We propose a classification of O-glycosylation based on the requirement of an oligosaccharyltransferase (OTase). OTase-dependent glycosylation utilizes an oligosaccharide synthesized on a lipid carrier that is transferred to proteins en bloc by an OTase. Multiple proteins, including the pilins, are glycosylated using this mechanism. OTase-independent glycosylation refers to the pathway in which glycosyltransferases sequentially add monosaccharides onto the target proteins. This pathway is employed for glycosylation of flagella and autotransporters. Both systems play key roles in pathogenesis. Exploiting glycosylation machineries it is now possible to generate glycoconjugates made of different proteins attached to polysaccharides derived from LPS or capsule biosynthesis. These recombinant glycoproteins can be exploited for vaccines and diagnostics of bacterial infections. Furthermore, O-glycosylation systems are promising targets for antibiotic development. Technological advances in MS and NMR will facilitate the discovery of novel glycosylation systems. Likely, the O-glycosylation pathways we currently know constitute just the tip of the iceberg of a still largely uncharacterized bacterial glycosylation world.
Low-loss propagation in hollow ARROW waveguides for optical sensing (2004)

Low-loss propagation in novel integrated antiresonant reflecting optical (ARROW) waveguides with hollow cores and two-dimensional confinement is reported. Design principles and applications for optical sensing of gases and liquids are discussed.
[High biological activity of the synthetic counterparts of hypothalamic somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-25]. (1980)

We have isolated from extracts of ovine hypothalamus two molecules characterized as somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-4-28 (referred to as somatostatin-25). They were reproduced by synthesis. In equimolar ratios and depending upon the experimental conditions, synthetic somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-25 are 3 to 14 times more potent than somatostatin-14 to inhibit the basal in vitro secretion of growth hormone. These results suggest that somatostatin-14 as originally isolated, is a biologically active fragment of a larger molecule of greater specific activity, rather than somatostatin-28 being a precursor of the tetradecapeptide.
Fault-Tolerant Control of the Road Wheel Subsystem in a Steer-By-Wire System (2008)

This paper describes a fault-tolerant steer-by-wire road wheel control system. With dual motor and dual microcontroller architecture, this system has the capability to tolerate single-point failures without degrading the control system performance. The arbitration bus, mechanical arrangement of motors, and the developed control algorithm allow the system to reconfigure itself automatically in the event of a single-point fault, and assure a smooth reconfiguration process. Both simulation and experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control system.
Convolutional Decoding of Polar Codes (2019)

Polar coding has found its way into many realms in communications and information theory. In most implementation setups, they are accompanied with the list successive cancellation (LSC) decoding algorithm which is shown to provide a superior error performance compared to the original successive cancellation (SC) decoding method. While the SC decoding is fairly well-studied, the exact math behind LSC's superior performance still remains to be of mystery. Multiple techniques have been proposed to further improve the LSC's error performance or to reduce its computational complexity, which are usually motivated by heuristic reasons and shown through numerical simulations. Most notable example is the CRC-aided LSC, which drastically improves the LSC's performance by concatenating the polar code with some high-rate cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes.In this paper, we present polar codes that are concatenated with an underlying high-rate convolutional code, which are shown to have superior performances over CRC-aided LSC. We also present a computationally-efficient decoding algorithm for these codes which resembles the techniques used in the Viterbi algorithm, and hence is called the convolutional decoding algorithm. To do this, we revisit the error analysis of the original SC decoding along with the concept of Arıkan's helper genie. We address some shortcomings of the CRC-aided LSC and discuss how to turn around them by emulating a convolutional code instead of a CRC code. Contrary to CRC codes, most of the convolutional codes are not a proper choice for concatenation with polar codes. We introduce the bucketing algorithm to construct suitable punctured convolutional codes for this purpose. The proposed framework can accommodate any such underlying convolutional code, which allows one to search for the optimal convolutional code based on their design parameters.
Color-Matching Liquid Crystal Display using a Lenticular Lens Array and RGB Light Sources (2014)

A direct-lit color-matching liquid crystal display using a lenticular lens array with grouped lens elements that image linear RGB light sources on the RGB subpixels of a color filter to enhance transmittance is designed, simulated, and fabricated. The RGB LED linear light sources were fabricated using small RGB LEDs in a linear array arrangement, and the lenticular lens array consisted of eight units of the same structure with a gap of 2.19 mm. The optical transmittance of the liquid crystal panel was improved by as much as 240% due to the color matching.