gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atheroprotective Vaccination with MHC-II Restricted Peptides from ApoB-100 (2013)

Our data show that MHC Class II restricted ApoB-100 peptides can be atheroprotective, potentially through a mechanism involving elevated IL-10.
Inter domain policy routing (1991)

The Open Routing Working Group of the IETF ha s developed an architecture for policy routing among administrative domains . The Inter-Domain Policy Routing (IDPR) architecture allows routing decisions to b e made on the basis of administrative policy, in additio n to connectivity and type of service .
Perfluoroalkanoate‐Substituted PEDOT for Electrochromic Device Applications (2003)

Abstract The recent emergence of organic electrochromics on both the scientific and industrial levels has expedited the synthesis of new materials with varied electrochemical and optical properties. The structural versatility and broad usage of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has stimulated many research groups to focus on the potential of PEDOT derivatives. Here we report the first synthesis of pentadecafluoro‐octanoic acid 2,3‐dihydro‐thieno(3,4‐ b )(1,4)dioxin‐2‐ylmethylester (EDOT‐F), along with its electrochemical polymerization, characterization, and incorporation into electrochromic devices (ECDs). PEDOT‐F is a cathodically coloring polymer that exhibits sub‐second switching time between a dark‐blue neutral state and a transmissive sky‐blue oxidized state, and expresses a 63 % change for both transmittance at λ max and colorimetrically determined luminance. Hexafluorophosphate‐doped free‐standing films of PEDOT‐F possess conductivities of up to 65 S cm –1 . Variable transmittance ECDs constructed with PEDOT‐F and poly[3,6‐bis(2‐(3,4‐ethylenedioxythienyl))‐ N ‐methylcarbazole] (PBEDOT‐ N MeCz) exhibit an optical contrast of 60 % at λ max (580 nm) and an overall luminance change of 60 %. Indicating the hydrophobicity of this polymer, doped PEDOT‐F exhibits a water contact angle of 110°, significantly higher than the 30° exhibited for the doped PEDOT parent.
Applications of terahertz spectroscopy in the plastics industry (2007)

The worldwide production volume of polymers is still rising exponentially and the number of applications for plastic components steadily increases. Yet, many branches within the polymer industry are hardly supported by non-destructive testing techniques. We demonstrate that terahertz (THz) spectroscopy could be the method of choice to ensure high-quality polymer products. Applications range from the in-line monitoring of extrusion processes and the quality control of commodities in a mass production up to a total inspection of high-tech safety relevant products. Furthermore, we present an extension to THz time-domain spectroscopy in the form of a new data extraction algorithm, which derives the absorption coefficient, the refractive index and the thickness of a sample with very high precision in a single pass. Apart from that, we discuss the ability of THz systems for quality control of polymeric compounds. Here, it is essential to monitor the additive content as well as additive inhomogeneities within the mixture. Recently, we built a fiber-coupled THz spectrometer for in-line monitoring of compounding processes. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential of THz systems for the non-destructive and contactless testing of structural components. THz imaging is capable of analyzing material thicknesses, superstructures, the quality of plastic weld joints, and of detecting flaws in components. Plastics and THz form a very fruitful symbiosis. In return, plastics industry can provide THz systems with custom-tailored components, which have very attractive properties and extremely low costs. Examples of this development are photonic crystals or polymeric Bragg filters, which have recently been demonstrated.
NGF Blockade at Early Times during Bone Cancer Development Attenuates Bone Destruction and Increases Limb Use (2014)

Studies in animals and humans show that blockade of nerve growth factor (NGF) attenuates both malignant and nonmalignant skeletal pain. While reduction of pain is important, a largely unanswered question is what other benefits NGF blockade might confer in patients with bone cancer. Using a mouse graft model of bone sarcoma, we demonstrate that early treatment with an NGF antibody reduced tumor-induced bone destruction, delayed time to bone fracture, and increased the use of the tumor-bearing limb. Consistent with animal studies in osteoarthritis and head and neck cancer, early blockade of NGF reduced weight loss in mice with bone sarcoma. In terms of the extent and time course of pain relief, NGF blockade also reduced pain 40% to 70%, depending on the metric assessed. Importantly, this analgesic effect was maintained even in animals with late-stage disease. Our results suggest that NGF blockade immediately upon detection of tumor metastasis to bone may help preserve the integrity and use, delay the time to tumor-induced bone fracture, and maintain body weight.
REMOTEVIS: REMOTE VISUALIZATION OF MASSIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS (2004)

Graphics models for virtual environments are increas-ingly getting massive, requiring large amounts of mem-ory to store and high end graphics capabilities to ren-der. It may not be possible or desirable to store the entire model in the station where it will be rendered, especially for environments that change. Such virtual models could be stored on a server and streamed to remote clients on demand. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a client-server sys-tem to render large virtual environments. Our sys-tem can provide the best visualization quality for a wide range in connection bandwidth and latency and the rendering capacity of the client. The system uses a visibility-based geometry representation so that lit-tle invisible geometry is sent to the client. Incremen-tal updating and client-side prediction of user motion optimize the communication requiremnts for a given client. We present results of the study conducted on a representative range of the relevant parameters in this paper. I.
COVID-19 Shuts Doors to Flu but Keeps Them Open to Rhinoviruses (2021)

It is well known that rhinoviruses are distributed across the globe and are the most common cause of the common cold in all age groups. Rhinoviruses are widely considered to be harmless because they are generally perceived as respiratory viruses only capable of causing mild disease. However, they may also infect the lower respiratory tract, inducing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exacerbations of asthma, bronchiolitis, etc. The role of rhinoviruses in pathogenesis and the epidemiological process is underestimated, and they need to be intensively studied. In the light of recent data, it is now known that rhinoviruses could be one of the key epidemiological barriers that may influence the spread of influenza and novel coronaviruses. It has been reported that endemic human rhinoviruses delayed the development of the H1N1pdm09 influenza pandemic through viral interference. Moreover, human rhinoviruses have been suggested to block SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airways by triggering an interferon response. In this review, we summarized the main biological characteristics of genetically distinct viruses such as rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, and SARS-CoV-2 in an attempt to illuminate their main discrepancies and similarities. We hope that this comparative analysis will help us to better understand in which direction research in this area should move.
A Robust Species Tree for the <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> (2007)

The branching order and coherence of the alphaproteobacterial orders have not been well established, and not all studies have agreed that mitochondria arose from within the Rickettsiales. A species tree for 72 alphaproteobacteria was produced from a concatenation of alignments for 104 well-behaved protein families. Coherence was upheld for four of the five orders with current standing that were represented here by more than one species. However, the family Hyphomonadaceae was split from the other Rhodobacterales, forming an expanded group with Caulobacterales that also included Parvularcula. The three earliest-branching alphaproteobacterial orders were the Rickettsiales, followed by the Rhodospirillales and then the Sphingomonadales. The principal uncertainty is whether the expanded Caulobacterales group is more closely associated with the Rhodobacterales or the Rhizobiales. The mitochondrial branch was placed within the Rickettsiales as a sister to the combined Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae, all subtended by the Pelagibacter branch. Pelagibacter genes will serve as useful additions to the bacterial outgroup in future evolutionary studies of mitochondrial genes, including those that have transferred to the eukaryotic nucleus.
Experimental myasthenia gravis is inhibited by receptor-antireceptor complexes. (1982)

Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) induced in rabbits by immunisation with purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo marmorata is a highly reproducible model for the human disease. Pretreatment of experimental animals with immune complexes containing receptor and anti-receptor antibodies suppressed the subsequent induction of EAMG. Animals were protected from the normal severe paralysis. Moreover, antibody levels were reduced by synthesis of antibody rapidly terminated. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Panoptic Studio: A Massively Multiview System for Social Motion Capture (2015)

We present an approach to capture the 3D structure and motion of a group of people engaged in a social interaction. The core challenges in capturing social interactions are: (1) occlusion is functional and frequent, (2) subtle motion needs to be measured over a space large enough to host a social group, and (3) human appearance and configuration variation is immense. The Panoptic Studio is a system organized around the thesis that social interactions should be measured through the perceptual integration of a large variety of view points. We present a modularized system designed around this principle, consisting of integrated structural, hardware, and software innovations. The system takes, as input, 480 synchronized video streams of multiple people engaged in social activities, and produces, as output, the labeled time-varying 3D structure of anatomical landmarks on individuals in the space. The algorithmic contributions include a hierarchical approach for generating skeletal trajectory proposals, and an optimization framework for skeletal reconstruction with trajectory re-association.
Electrocochleography during Cochlear Implantation for Hearing Preservation (2012)

Monitoring cochlear function with electrocochleography gives real-time feedback during surgery, providing objective data that might help in modifying the surgical technique in ways that can improve the rate of hearing preservation.
Self‐Propelled Micromotors Driven by the Magnesium–Water Reaction and Their Hemolytic Properties (2013)

Get your motor running: A hemocompatible Mg/Pt Janus micromotor is propelled by hydrogen bubbles generated by the magnesium–water reaction (see picture). Aqueous NaHCO3 reacts with the Mg(OH)2 passivation layer on the Mg surface to form water-soluble MgCO3 and expose the active metal. Since the micromotor is biocompatible, it has potential applications in drug delivery and cell separation. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Designing a New Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility for Los Alamos National Laboratory to Update Treatment Technologies and Meet Current Regulatory Requirements - 8205 (2008)

This paper discusses the new Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment Facility (RLWTF) being designed for Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and also provides information regarding the updates to the facility resulting from improvements in technologies and changes in regulations and codes that have occurred since the existing facility was built. It explains how the new facility will be a suitable replacement for the existing facility and how the new facility will allow LANL to continue its current mission as well as have the capability to treat any new waste stream resulting from a future expansion of the laboratory. Specific topics relating to the improvements in technology that are discussed include replacing existing settling technologies with improved chemical precipitation technologies using hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, magnesium chloride, and ferric chloride. Also discussed are improved filtration technologies and dewatering technologies. Topics discussed regarding regulatory and code requirements include the current state and federal regulatory criteria and the new seismic criteria requirements that the design conforms to.
Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene oxide and nylon‐6 copolymer in a fiber form (2012)

Abstract A series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and nylon‐6 copolymers were synthesized through condensation reactions. The rheology of the prepared copolymers was tested using a capillary flow rheometer. The molar mass was investigated by performing basic analyses such as relative viscosity, gel permeation chromatograph, and amino‐end group analysis. Their thermal properties were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, and the crystalline structure was determined using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The results obtained from partially oriented yarn indicated a dramatically conversion from the γ form to the α form. Following the draw texture process, the α form dominated all draw textured yarn. Once the segments of PEO were introduced into the nylon‐6 backbone, the moisture regain and q max (warm/cool feeling) of the fabrics was enhanced remarkably. The surface resistivity of fabrics improved with increasing PEO content, which is mainly due to water absorption. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Classical and alternative complement activation on photoreceptor outer segments drives monocyte-dependent retinal atrophy (2018)

Geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is characterized by progressive loss of retinal pigment epithelium cells and photoreceptors in the setting of characteristic extracellular deposits and remains a serious unmet medical need. While genetic predisposition to AMD is dominated by polymorphisms in complement genes, it remains unclear how complement activation contributes to retinal atrophy. Here we demonstrate that complement is activated on photoreceptor outer segments (POS) in the retina peripheral to atrophic lesions associated with GA. When exposed to human serum following outer blood-retinal barrier breakdown, POS act as potent activators of the classical and alternative complement pathway. In mouse models of retinal degeneration, classical and alternative pathway complement activation on photoreceptors contributed to the loss of photoreceptor function. This was dependent on C5a-mediated recruitment of peripheral blood monocytes but independent of resident microglia. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of both classical and alternative complement C3 and C5 convertases was required to reduce progressive degeneration of photoreceptor rods and cones. Our study implicates systemic classical and alternative complement proteins and peripheral blood monocytes as critical effectors of localized retinal degeneration with potential relevance for the contribution of complement activation to GA.
L'acide hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonique, réactif de choix pour la conversion d'aldéhydes en nitriles (1976)

Hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonic acid: a convenient reagent for the conversion of aldehydes into nitriles . Hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonic acid (HAS) proved to be an excellent reagent for the conversion of aliphatic, aromatic and heteroatomic aldehydes into nitriles. There, aldehydes in the form of suspension in HAS water solution, react rapidely to give the corresponding nitriles in high yield. Only with formylpyridines could the intermediate oxime‐O‐sulfonic acids be isolated.
A long arm for ultrasound: A combined robotic focused ultrasound setup for magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound surgery (2010)

Compared to the existing MRgFUS systems, the combined robotic FUS approach offers a wide range of spatial flexibility so that highly flexible application of the US wave would be possible, for example, to avoid risk structures within the US field. The setup might help to realize new ways of patient access in MRgFUS therapy. The setup is compatible with any closed-bore MR system and does not require an especially designed patient table.
Epoch-by-Epoch Ambiguity Resolution for Real-Time Attitude Determination Using a GPS Multiantenna System (1995)

To determine the attitude of a moving vehicle in real time, GPS phase ambiguities should be instantaneously resolved. This paper presents an efficient technique for resolving phase ambiguities from data of one epoch, within the time interval between successive outputs. The technique employs a specific antenna configuration to limit significantly the range within which the integer ambiguities must be searched. The paper also investigates factors that can enhance the speed and robustness of ambiguity resolution. A number of static and kinematic tests have been conducted to evaluate the potential of the technique. Using a 486 DX computer with a 50 MHz clock rate, the success rate for finding the correct ambiguities from data of one epoch exceeds 99 percent. The computation time required is about 0.5 s. Results also show that the performance of the technique is the same for the static and kinematic modes.
Confinement losses in the birefringent holey fibers (2004)

We calculate and compare confinement losses in birefringent holey fibers of four different constructions. The birefringence in the analyzed structures is induced, respectively, by: two large holes adjacent to the fiber core; the elliptical shape of the core composed of double or triple defects in the hexagonal structure; one row of cladding holes with diameters lower than the other cladding holes. In the first step of loss analysis, we assume that all structures are composed of 5 rings of holes surrounding the fiber core. Finally, we optimize two fiber constructions in order to assure the minimum number of structural elements, while keeping the confinement losses below 1 dB/km.
Studies on the Mechanism of Antibody-Dependent Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity (1977)

Abstract Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were cytotoxic to mammalian tumor cells (LSTRA) in the presence of anti-LSTRA serum as determined by a 51Cr release assay. Cytotoxicity was observed with effector to target cell ratios as low as 0.25:1 and with incubation periods as short as 30 min. Under the conditions employed, human blood mononuclear cells had only minimal cytotoxic activity. Immunologic specificity was demonstrated by 1) the loss of activity when immune serum was preabsorbed with target cells or replaced with normal (preimmune) serum and 2) the lack of 51Cr release from an unrelated target cell. Viable PMN were required as demonstrated by the loss of cytotoxicity on heating or homogenization. Further, an intact PMN metabolic burst was essential for maximal activity since PMN from patients with chronic granulomatous disease were only minimally active. The myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system of the PMN was not responsible for cytotoxicity since activity was normal with myeloperoxidase deficient PMN, was preserved in the presence of azide, cyanide or catalase, and was only slightly dependent on halides. Lack of inhibition by heparin militated against a role for PMN granular cationic proteins. Cytotoxicity was blocked by inhibitors of glycolysis, but not by an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. The use of chelating agents indicated a requirement for divalent actions, primarily Mg++. Inhibition of cytotoxicity by the anti-tubulins, colchicine, and vincristine, suggested a role for microtubules. These studies suggest that antibody-dependent PMN-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity requires specific antibody, viable PMN, a burst of PMN oxidative metabolism, glycolysis, divalent cations, and microtubular function. The PMN lysosomal constituents, myeloperoxidase and the cationic proteins, did not appear to be involved under the conditions employed.
A Survey on Virtual Machine Migration: Challenges, Techniques, and Open Issues (2018)

When users flood in cloud data centers, how to efficiently manage hardware resources and virtual machines (VMs) in a data center to both lower economical cost and ensure a high service quality becomes an inevitable work for cloud providers. VM migration is a cornerstone technology for the majority of cloud management tasks. It frees a VM from the underlying hardware. This feature brings a plenty of benefits to cloud providers and users. Many researchers are focusing on pushing its cutting edge. In this paper, we first give an overview of VM migration and discuss both its benefits and challenges. VM migration schemes are classified from three perspectives: 1) manner; 2) distance; and 3) granularity. The studies on non-live migration are simply reviewed, and then those on live migration are comprehensively surveyed based on the three main challenges it faces: 1) memory data migration; 2) storage data migration; and 3) network connection continuity. The works on quantitative analysis of VM migration performance are also elaborated. With the development and evolution of cloud computing, user mobility becomes an important motivation for live VM migration in some scenarios (e.g., fog computing). Thus, the studies regarding linking VM migration to user mobility are summarized as well. At last, we list the open issues which are waiting for solutions or further optimizations on live VM migration.
Empirical Analysis of Client-Based Network Quality Prediction in Vehicular Multi-MNO Networks (2019)

Multi-Mobile Network Operator (MNO) networking is a promising method to exploit the joint force of multiple available cellular data connections within vehicular networks. By applying anticipatory communication principles, data transmissions can dynamically utilize the mobile network with the highest estimated network performance in order to achieve improvements in data rate, resource efficiency, and reliability. In this paper, we present the results of a comprehensive real-world measurement campaign in public cellular networks in different scenarios and analyze the performance of online data rate prediction based on multiple machine learning models and data aggregation strategies. It is shown that multi-MNO approaches are able to achieve significant benefits for all considered network quality and end-to-end indicators even in the presence of a single dominant MNO. However, the analysis points out that anticipatory multi-MNO communication requires the consideration of MNO-specific machine learning models since the impact of the different features is highly depending on the configuration of the network infrastructure.