gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and expression of the [NiFe] hydrogenase large-subunit gene of Desulfovibrio spp. in environmental samples (1997)

The genetic diversity and expression of the [NiFe] hydrogenase large-subunit gene of Desulfovibrio spp. in environmental samples were determined in order to show in parallel the existing and active members of Desulfovibrio populations. DNA and total RNA were extracted from different anaerobic bioreactor samples; RNA was transcribed into cDNA. Subsequently, PCR was performed to amplify a ca.-440-bp fragment of the [NiFe] hydrogenase large-subunit gene and its mRNA. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis was used to separate the PCR products according to their sequence and thereby to visualize the individual community members. Desulfovibrio strains corresponding to amplified [NiFe] hydrogenase transcripts were regarded as metabolically active, because in pure cultures transcripts were detectable in exponentially growing cells but not in cultures in the stationary phase. DNA sequencing and comparative sequence analysis were used to identify the detected organisms on the basis of their [NiFe] hydrogenase sequences. The genes of characterized Desulfovibrio spp. showed a considerable extent of divergence (ca. 30%), whereas sequences obtained from bacterial populations of the bioreactors showed a low level of variation and indicated the coexistence of closely related strains probably belonging to the species Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans. Under methanogenic conditions, all detected populations were active; under denitrifying conditions, no [NiFe] hydrogenase mRNA was visible. Changes in activity and composition of Desulfovibrio populations caused by changes in the environmental conditions could be monitored by using the approach described in this study.
Synthesis of slow-wave structures based on capacitive-loaded lines through aggressive space mapping (ASM) (2015)

This article is focused on the automated synthesis of slow-wave structures based on microstrip lines loaded with patch capacitors. Thanks to the presence of the shunt capacitors, the effective capacitance of the line is enhanced, and the phase velocity of the structure can be made significantly smaller than the one of the unloaded line. The target is to achieve the layout of the slow-wave structure able to provide the required slow-wave ratio, characteristic (Bloch) impedance and electrical length (i.e., the usual specifications in the design of slow-wave transmission lines). To this end, a two-step synthesis method, based on the aggressive space mapping (ASM) algorithm, is proposed for the first time. Through the first ASM algorithm, the circuit schematic providing the target specifications is determined. Then, the second ASM optimizer is used to generate the layout of the structure. To illustrate the potential of the proposed synthesis method, three application examples are successfully reported. The two-step ASM algorithm is able to provide the layout of the considered structures from the required specifications, without the need of an external aid in the process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:629–638, 2015.
Development of a Compound-Specific ELISA for Flufenoxuron and an Improved Class-Specific Assay for Benzoylphenylurea Insect Growth Regulators (1999)

This study describes immunochemical approaches for the compound-specific detection of flufenoxuron and class-specific detection of benzoylphenylurea (BPU) insecticides. With the aim of developing a highly specific immunoassay for flufenoxuron, a hapten was synthesized by introducing a spacer arm at the 2,6-difluoro substituent aromatic ring of a flufenoxuron derivative. An IC(50) value of 2.4 ppb was obtained for flufenoxuron, with detection of the other four BPUs being more than 4000-fold less sensitive. For the development of class-specific ELISA for five BPUs, a new approach was used for the hapten preparation in which a butanoic acid linkage was introduced into the 3,5-dichloro-substituted aniline ring of chlorfluazuron analogue. Although the resultant ELISA still exhibited slightly differing cross-reactions for these five BPUs, this method had broader specificity than the previously reported polyclonal antibody-based ELISA. Spike and recovery studies for five BPUs in soil and water indicated that both the compound- and class-specific ELISAs were able to quantitatively detect BPU residues in soil and water. This study also provided additional insights into the influence of the immunizing hapten structure on the specificities of the antibodies obtained.
Dagstuhl seminar on disruption tolerant networking (2005)

Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN) is a new area of research to improve network communication when connectivity is periodic, intermittent, and/or prone to disruptions. A seminar on DTN was held at at Schloß Dagstuhl, Germany, from 3 to 6 April 2005. Researchers from different fields discussed their approaches to dealing with delays, intermittent connectivity, and the potential non-existence of an end-to-end path in a number of different environments. The two major areas identified were: (1) dealing with delay and disruption in the present Internet in the context of wireless, mobile, and nomadic communications, supporting existing applications and (2) addressing new applications with a focus on exploiting discontinuous connectivity and opportunistic contacts for asynchronous communications. This article briefly reviews the seminar presentations and discussions.
A 10kW transformer with a novel cooling structure of a contactless power transfer system for electric vehicles (2013)

A contactless power transfer system for electric vehicles is required to have high efficiency, a large air gap, good tolerance to misalignment in the lateral direction, and to be compact and lightweight. A new 10kW transformer with double-sided winding for fast charging has been developed. The proposed transformer has a novel cooling structure using aluminum bars, aluminum junctions, and aluminum plates. In this paper, the design concept, specifications, and test results of the new transformer are described. The other feature of this transformer is its interoperability with a 3kW transformer. The interoperability test results are also shown.
LC-polyimides 26. Photoreactive, nematic or cholesteric poly(ester-imide)s derived from 4-aminocinnamic acid trimellitimide, isosorbide and various diphenols (1995)

A photoreactive and mesogenic dicarboxylic acid was prepared from 4-aminocinnamic acid and trimellitic anhydride. Its dichloride was polyeondensed with isosorbide and methylhydroquinone, phenylhydroquinone, 4,4'-dihydroxydilhenylether or 1.644'-dihy-droxyphenoxy)hexan. The copolyesters containing < 50 mol% of isosorbide form a cholesteric melt and the homopolyesters of the diphenols are nematie. WAXD powder patterns and DSC measurements agree in that all four homopoly(ester-imide)s are semicrystalline. Incorporation of isosorbide reduces and finally eliminates the crystallinity. The solid state of these copoly(ester-imide)s is a cholesteric glass. Copolyesters containing phenylhydroquinone and 5-10 mol% of isosorbide exhibit a Grandjean texture above 250C. The poly(ester-imide)s of unsubstituted diphenols undergo thermal cross-linking above 350C and all poly(ester-imide)s are sensitive to photocross-linking upon irradiation at wavelengths <360 nm.
Studies on Antioxidant Effect of Mushroom Complex (2013)

이 연구에서는 동충하초, 영지, 상황 버섯 복합물의 항산화 효과를 평가하였다. 3가지 버섯을 각각 70% 에탄올 추출하여 80:10:10의 비율로 혼합하여 평가를 실시하였다. DPPH radical을 이용한 전자공여능 측정에서는 버섯 복합물이 500 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>의 농도에서 66%의 효과를 나타내었고, ABTS radical cation decolorization 측정은 50 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 73%, 500 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 대조군인 BHA와 유사한 효과를 나타내었다. Superoxide anion radical 소거능 측정은 버섯 복합물 10 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 41%로 대조군인 BHA에 비해 3배 이상의 높은 효과가 있었고, 50 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>, 100 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서도 BHA 보다 효과가 높았으나, 500 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서는 낮은 효과를 나타내었다. Lipid oxidation 측정결과 <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>군보다 <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX>군이 지방 산패 억제능이 뛰어났다. SOD 유사활성능 측정은 500 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>에서 13%의 낮은 효과를 나타내었다. 이 결과, 버섯 복합물의 항산화 효과가 아주 우수했으므로, 항산화 소재로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant effects of Cordyceps, Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst and Phellinus linteus complexes. Three mushrooms were extracted using 70% ethanol, respectively, in ratios of 80:10:10(?). The electron-donating ability was measured using the DPPH radical mushroom complexes and showed effects of 66% in 500 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>. ABTS radical cation decolorization measured 73% in 50 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX> and had an effect similar to BHA in 500 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>. In their superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, the mushroom complexes showed an effect of 41% in 10 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>. The effect on the control of BHA was more than three times as high as BHA in 50 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX> and 100 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX> concentration. The results showed that lipid oxidation is an excellent inhibitor of lipid oxidation <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>, compared to the <TEX>$Fe^{2+}$</TEX> group. The results of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the mushroom complexes showed a low effect of 13% in 500 <TEX>${\mu}g/ml$</TEX>. Thus, the results of this study showed that the antioxidant effect of the mushroom complexes was excellent, indicating their potential as an antioxidant material.
<b>Endovascular Cryotherapy Accentuates the Accumulation of the Fibrillar Collagen Types I and III After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in Pigs</b> (2006)

The application of Cryo accentuates the accumulation of CI and CIII in PTA-treated femoral arteries. This effect may be of clinical relevance in the stabilization of peripheral atherosclerotic plaque.
Posttranscriptional regulation of macrophage tissue factor expression by antioxidants (1995)

Tissue factor (TF) expression by cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage represents an important mechanism underlying the initiation of fibrin deposition at sites of extravascular inflammation. Recent evidence suggests a role for oxidant stress in the signalling pathway of various cell types by virtue of its ability to induce DNA binding of various transcription factors, including nuclear factor kappa B and AP-1. The effect of antioxidant treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TF expression was examined in murine peritoneal macrophages and human monocytes. Both pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an oxidant scavenger, and N-acetyl-cysteine, a precursor of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione, inhibited stimulation of macrophage procoagulant activity by LPS. Northern blot analysis showed that neither of these agents reduced LPS-stimulated TF mRNA accumulation, thereby suggesting a posttranscriptional mechanism for the effect. Immunofluorescence studies of human monocytes using polyclonal anti-TF antibody showed that N-acetyl-cysteine treatment prevented the characteristic plasmalemmal localization of TF antigen that occurs in response to LPS. Western blot analysis showed that N-acetyl-cysteine reduced the accumulation of the 47-kD mature glycoprotein in LPS-treated cells, a finding consistent with the results of the immunofluorescence studies. Furthermore, these conditions did not result in an accumulation of the less mature forms of TF. When considered together, these data suggest that antioxidants exert their effects by impairing translation and/or by causing degradation of newly translated protein. The effect of antioxidants on tumor necrosis factor appeared to be species specific, with no effect on LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor in murine cells, but with inhibition in human monocytes. The posttranscriptional effect of antioxidants on TF expression data suggests a novel mechanism whereby these agents might modulate monocyte/macrophage activation.
Amazing chloride channels: an overview (2003)

This review describes molecular and functional properties of the following Cl- channels: the ClC family of voltage-dependent Cl- channels, the cAMP-activated transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), Ca2+ activated Cl- channels (CaCC) and volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC). If structural data are available, their relationship with the function of Cl- channels will be discussed. We also describe shortly some recently discovered channels, including high conductance Cl- channels and the family of bestrophins. We illustrate the growing physiological importance of these channels in the plasma membrane and in intracellular membranes, including their involvement in transepithelial transport, pH regulation of intracellular organelles, regulation of excitability and volume regulation. Finally, we discuss the role of Cl- channels in various diseases and describe the pathological phenotypes observed in knockout mice models.
Carbazole‐Based Hole‐Transport Materials for Efficient Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells and Perovskite Solar Cells (2014)

Two carbazole-based small molecule hole-transport materials (HTMs) are synthesized and investigated in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The HTM X51-based devices exhibit high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 6.0% and 9.8% in ssDSCs and PSCs, respectively. These results are superior or comparable to those of 5.5% and 10.2%, respectively, obtained for the analogous cells using the state-of-the-art HTM Spiro-OMeTAD.
Spin-Freezing Temperature of Some Oxide and Fluoride Glasses Containing Iron (III) (2023)

The magnetic transition observed in iron-containing oxide and fluoride glasses where antiferromagnetic interactions are dominant among the iron ions has been discussed on the basis of the superparamagnetic model. The theoretical approach based on the model proposed by Shtrikman and Wohlfarth has revealed that the spin-freezing temperature of the oxide and fluoride glasses increases with the increase of the average value of the superexchange interaction. This suggests that the spin-freezing temperature increases with the increase of the covalency of Fe-O or Fe-F bond when the content of the iron ions is identical. The relation between the spin-freezing temperature and the isomer shift value obtained experimentally for some oxide and fluoride glasses seems to support this expectation.
An efficient space vector modulation algorithm for AC-AC matrix converters: analysis and implementation (1996)

The paper presents a control strategy for matrix converters based on the space vector modulation technique (SVM). A novel and efficient modulation algorithm was developed and implemented using a digital signal processor (TMS320C30). The control scheme calculates the switch on/off intervals in real-time and can generate high switching-frequency control-pulses. A 2 kVA prototype IGBT-based matrix converter was constructed to verify the performance of the modulator. The output voltage and the input current waveforms generated by the converter are shown together with their frequency spectra.
Analysis of the Impact Properties of Structural Foams (2009)

Several efforts have been made to predict the mechanical properties of structural foams, mainly under tensile and flexural loading modes. The prediction of the mechanical behavior of foams subjected to impact loads remains, however, an unfulfilled challenge. Several investigations have studied the variation of impact properties of structural foams. Both the studied materials, the testing methods employed and the techniques used for sample preparation, vary broadly. Some studies regarding the relation between density and energy absorption capabilities have been conclusive. The influence of cell size and skin thickness have also been analyzed. So far, results show that the foam structure adds a number of complexities to the limited characterization capabilities of conventional impact methods. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the failure behavior of structural foams. The influence of three different factors will be addressed: the type of imposed loading, through variations in the test method used; the nature of the studied base material (semicrystalline vs. amorphous), and the influence of the foam morphology.
ChemInform Abstract: AgNb3O8‐II, a High‐Pressure Phase with a Novel Tunnel Structure (1989)

Abstract is prepared from the normal pressure modification AgNb 3 O 8 ‐I (35 kbar, 1100 °C, 30 min; quenching).
A low-power CMOS VGA for 50 Mb/s disk drive read channels (1995)

We describe an all CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA) suitable for use in disk drive read channels. The VGA maintains a 3 dB bandwidth greater than 85 MHz throughout its gain range. This ensures good phase linearity for data transfer rates of up to 50 Mb/s. The VGA provides a 25 db gain variation along an ideal exponential gain to control voltage curve and 30 dB of gain control if ideal exponential characteristics is not absolutely necessary. The VGA achieves the necessary exponential gain to control voltage characteristics intrinsically using only MOS transistors as a single unit to reduce power and area consumption. Overall power consumption is less than 10 mW for the VGA circuit excluding the off-chip buffer circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inherited Susceptibility to Autoimmune Addison's Disease Is Linked to Juman Leukocyte Antigens-DR3 and/or DR4, except when Associated with Type I Autoimmune Poluglandular Syndrome* (1986)

The inherited susceptibility to autoimmune Addison's disease was found to be strongly associated with human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DR3 and DR4 alleles. In a study of 45 white patients from the United States with the disease, the relative risks (the number of times that an individual is at risk for Addison's disease if they had a marker, compared to those without such marker) were found to be 6.0, 4.6, and 26.5 for the DR3 allele, the DR4 allele, and for DR3/DR4 heterozygotes, respectively. Frequencies of DR2, DR5, and DR7 in the patients with Addison's disease were significantly decreased in comparison to 265 individuals in the control population. These HLA-DR frequencies in patients with Addison's disease were similar to those for 723 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). However, the above HLA-DR associations persisted even when only data from the 37 patients with Addison's disease who did not have IDD were considered. Adrenocortical autoantibodies in 23 patients with IDD who did not have Addison's disease were equally frequent among those with DR4 and DR3 alleles. In contrast, HLA-DR frequencies in 17 patients with type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (chronic mucocutaneous moniliasis, hypoparathyroidism, Addison's disease, etc.) were not different from control. We conclude that genetic susceptibility to autoimmune Addison's disease may involve the same HLA-associated genetic determinants as IDD, except when Addison's disease occurs as part of type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.
New Design and Optimization for Replacing Dimethyl Disulfide with Wasted Disulfide Oil in Olefin Furnaces (2018)

This paper is aimed to examine and understand the feasibility of replacing dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) with disulfide oil (DSO) in olefin units of the Amir Kabir Petrochemical Refinery (Khuzestan, Iran). This substitution not only provides a very low-priced supply for replacing DMDS in olefin plants, but also it restrains emitting poisonous sulfur gas to the environment. Considering the fact that the conversion of DSO to hydrogen sulfide required a longer residence time related to DMDS, the DSO pilot was built to examine this alteration. Comparing the results with those of DMDS revealed that this pilot allowed for complete replacement. The polynuclear aromatics mechanism was the predominant mechanism, and optimization results showed that three selected parameters (temperature, retention time, and DSO injection rate) affected the CO production. The rate of CO formation was very similar for using both cases. The total sulfur content, which is an environmental pollutant and a component of gasoline, was also controlled. With DMDS, the total sulfur content varied from 20 to 130 ppm, while with DSO it varied from 20 to 100 ppm, which was acceptable. As a result of this process, approximately 221 000 EUR would be saved per year in an olefin unit with an ethylene production capacity of 520 000 tons.
Wasserstein Dependency Measure for Representation Learning (2019)

Mutual information maximization has emerged as a powerful learning objective for unsupervised representation learning obtaining state-of-the-art performance in applications such as object recognition, speech recognition, and reinforcement learning. However, such approaches are fundamentally limited since a tight lower bound of mutual information requires sample size exponential in the mutual information. This limits the applicability of these approaches for prediction tasks with high mutual information, such as in video understanding or reinforcement learning. In these settings, such techniques are prone to overfit, both in theory and in practice, and capture only a few of the relevant factors of variation. This leads to incomplete representations that are not optimal for downstream tasks. In this work, we empirically demonstrate that mutual information-based representation learning approaches do fail to learn complete representations on a number of designed and real-world tasks. To mitigate these problems we introduce the Wasserstein dependency measure, which learns more complete representations by using the Wasserstein distance instead of the KL divergence in the mutual information estimator. We show that a practical approximation to this theoretically motivated solution, constructed using Lipschitz constraint techniques from the GAN literature, achieves substantially improved results on tasks where incomplete representations are a major challenge.
A complete translation from SPARQL into efficient SQL (2009)

This paper presents a feature-complete translation from SPARQL, the proposed standard for RDF querying, into efficient SQL. We propose "SQL model"-based algorithms that implement each SPARQL algebra operator via SQL query augmentation, and generate a flat SQL statement for efficient processing by relational database query engines. SPARQL-to-SQL translation presented is feature-complete, since it applies to all SPARQL language features. Finally, we demonstrate the performance and scalability of our method by an extensive evaluation using recent SPARQL benchmark queries, and a benchmark dataset, as well as a real-world photo dataset.
Fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and myofascial pain syndrome (1995)

The diagnosis of fibromyalgia continues to generate heated debate. The presence of multiple lifetime psychiatric diagnoses was not intrinsically related to fibromyalgia but rather to the decision of patients to seek specialty medical care. Better outcome measures in fibromyalgia were tested. Neurally mediated hypotension may be associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Treatment of patients with fibromyalgia and CFS continues to be of limited success, although the role of multidisciplinary group intervention appears promising. Two position papers focused on the adverse aspects of the medicolegal issues in fibromyalgia and CFS.
Staring Arrays - The Future Lightweight Imagers (1985)

High performance thermal imagers, such as the common modules are now readily available. These systems generally employ a scanning mechanism to generate the two dimensional display which makes their adaption to cheap, lightweight, small imagers difficult. However, with the advent of two dimensional close packed arrays of infra-red detectors the development of such a system is now becoming feasible. RSRE and MCCS, Frimley have jointly produced a small imager using cadium mercury telluride detectors. The system has been designed to be adaptable to use both 3-5 μm and 8-14 μm arrays, and to study various electronic correction mechanisms.