gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated harvesting and 2-step purification of unclarified mammalian cell-culture broths containing antibodies (2015)

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies represent one of the fastest growing segments in the pharmaceutical market. The growth of the segment has necessitated development of new efficient and cost saving platforms for the preparation and analysis of early candidates for faster and better antibody selection and characterization. We report on a new integrated platform for automated harvesting of whole unclarified cell-culture broths, followed by in-line tandem affinity-capture, pH neutralization and size-exclusion chromatography of recombinant antibodies expressed transiently in mammalian human embryonic kidney 293T-cells at the 1-L scale. The system consists of two bench-top chromatography instruments connected to a central unit with eight disposable filtration devices used for loading and filtering the cell cultures. The staggered parallel multi-step configuration of the system allows unattended processing of eight samples in less than 24h. The system was validated with a random panel of 45 whole-cell culture broths containing recombinant antibodies in the early profiling phase. The results showed that the overall performances of the preparative automated system were higher compared to the conventional downstream process including manual harvesting and purification. The mean recovery of purified material from the culture-broth was 66.7%, representing a 20% increase compared to that of the manual process. Moreover, the automated process reduced by 3-fold the amount of residual aggregates in the purified antibody fractions, indicating that the automated system allows the cost-efficient and timely preparation of antibodies in the 20-200mg range, and covers the requirements for early in vitro and in vivo profiling and formulation of these drug candidates.
Insulin-like Growth Factor I Secreted from Prostate Stromal Cells Mediates Tumor-Stromal Cell Interactions of Prostate Cancer (2006)

Prostate cancer shows high expression of type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) receptor (IGF-IR) and prostate stromal cells (PrSC) produce IGF-I. Although high plasma level of IGF-I is a risk factor of prostate cancer, the significance of the prostate stromal IGF-I in the regulation of prostate cancer remains elusive. Here we show that the stromal IGF-I certainly regulates the development of prostate cancer. Coinoculation of PrSC increased the growth of human prostate cancer LNCaP and DU-145 tumors in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The conditioned medium of PrSC, as well as IGF-I, induced phosphorylation of IGF-IR and increased the growth of LNCaP and DU-145 cells. PrSC, but not LNCaP and DU-145 cells, secreted significant amounts of IGF-I. Coculture with PrSC increased the growth of DU-145 cells in vitro but the pretreatment of PrSC with small interfering RNA of IGF-I did not enhance it. Furthermore, various chemical inhibitors consisting of 79 compounds with approximately 60 different targets led to the finding that only IGF-IR inhibitor suppressed the PrSC-induced growth enhancement of DU-145 cells. Thus, these results show that the prostate stromal IGF-I mediates tumor-stromal cell interactions of prostate cancer to accelerate tumor growth, supporting the idea that the IGF-I signaling is a valuable target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Multicenter Development and Validation of a Risk Stratification Tool for Ward Patients (2014)

We developed an accurate ward risk stratification tool using commonly collected electronic health record variables in a large multicenter dataset. Further study is needed to determine whether implementation in real-time would improve patient outcomes.
Resistance fluctuation in a one-dimensional conductor with static disorder (1985)

The non-self-averaging resistance of a one-dimensional conductor with static disorder is reexamined by the method of invariant imbedding, leading to a Fokker-Planck equation for its probability distribution ${W}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}(\ensuremath{\rho}, l)$, with varying sample length $l$. An exact two-point recursion relation for the moments $〈{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{n}〉$ is given along with a closed-form solution for ${W}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}(\ensuremath{\rho}, l)$ for the case of Gaussian white-noise disorder. The latter confirms $\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\rho}$ as the correct scale variable. The treatment admits generalization to the case of $N$ channels and to general disorder.
Biodistribution of [35S]-cysteine and cysteine prodrugs: potential impact on chemoprotection strategies (1999)

Thiazolidine prodrugs of L-cysteine constructed with aldose monosaccharides as the carbonyl donor offer powerful protection against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepato-toxicity, but require large doses to be effective. Using disaccharides in prodrug synthesis produces a thiazolidine ring form with a cyclic sugar moiety present. This structural motif may allow the delivery of the prodrug to specific carbohydrate receptors, such as the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) of hepatocytes, thus reducing the required dose of prodrug and enhancing the effectiveness of cytoprotection. The bio-distribution of [35S]-labeled prodrugs was investigated in Swiss-Webster mice, both in the presence and absence of APAP, and compared to labeled L-cysteine itself. Accumulation of radioactivity in liver appeared to be stimulated by the presence of APAP in some cases, but organ levels after prodrug administration were much lower than after the administration of L-cysteine itself. These studies identified differences in the biodistribution of L-cysteine prodrugs of different structural types, as well as effects of the hepatotoxin on localization, but the occurrence of targeted delivery to hepatocytes remains speculative. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryopreservation and its clinical applications (2017)

Cryopreservation is a process that preserves organelles, cells, tissues, or any other biological constructs by cooling the samples to very low temperatures. The responses of living cells to ice formation are of theoretical interest and practical relevance. Stem cells and other viable tissues, which have great potential for use in basic research as well as for many medical applications, cannot be stored with simple cooling or freezing for a long time because ice crystal formation, osmotic shock, and membrane damage during freezing and thawing will cause cell death. The successful cryopreservation of cells and tissues has been gradually increasing in recent years, with the use of cryoprotective agents and temperature control equipment. Continuous understanding of the physical and chemical properties that occur in the freezing and thawing cycle will be necessary for the successful cryopreservation of cells or tissues and their clinical applications. In this review, we briefly address representative cryopreservation processes, such as slow freezing and vitrification, and the available cryoprotective agents. In addition, some adverse effects of cryopreservation are mentioned.
DESIGN ASPECTS OF COMMERCIAL OPEN-LOOP HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS (2015)

Open loop (or groundwater heat pump systems are the oldest of the ground-source systems. Common design variations include direct (groundwater used directly in the heat pump units), indirect (building loop isolated with a plate heat exchanger), and standing column (water produced and returned to the same well). Direct systems are typically limited to the smallest applications. Standing column systems are employed in hard rock geology sites where it is not possible to produce sufficient water for a conventional system. Due to its greater potential application, this paper reviews key design aspects of the indirect approach. The general design procedure is reviewed, identification of optimum groundwater flow, heat exchanger selection guidelines, well pump control, disposal options, well spacing, piping connections and related issues.
THE NEW DEVELOPMENT TREND OF AMERICAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OIL (2007)

Environmental protection,fuel economy and extended oil drain intervals are the main power for pushing the upgrading of internal combustion engine oil specification.The new engine technologies must be adopted to meet these increasingly stringent requirements.So there is a new demand on the performances of internal combustion engine oil,with the result that the oil specification upgrades unceasingly.The newest development trend of American internal combustion engine oil is presented in detail in this article.
Comparative Sensitivity of Tissue Cultures to Rubella Virus: Use of Guinea Pig Cells for Virus Titration (1969)

A series of 19 different primary and serial tissue cultures were investigated for their sensitivity to virulent or attenuated rubella virus (RV). Primary guinea pig tissues, a serial passage of baby hamster kidney, and primary human amnion were comparable to African green monkey kidney tissue cultures in their sensitivity. In general, primary human tissues were relatively insusceptible to the Gilchrist strain of RV. RV interfered with the growth of vesicular stomatitis virus. Based on this finding, it was possible to develop an assay method in guinea pig tissue cultures by using VSV as the challenge virus. This system appeared to be comparable in sensitivity to the use of primary monkey kidney tissue cultures for the detection of small amounts of RV and offers the advantages of economy, rapidity, and safety.
Simulation of Erase After Write on 2.4 T FeCo Solid Pole Writer (2010)

We have developed a multiscale fast Fourier transform (FFT) based micromagnetic model to simulate erase after write (EAW) for a 2.4 T FeCo solid pole writer. The simulated remnant state of the writer showed vortices at the pole tip, break and paddle regions that qualitatively match an experimental MFM image. Dynamic responses show that EAW worsens with a longer breakpoint. Sensitivity of EAW with breakpoint is in good agreement with experimental data. We also find that cross track anisotropy reduced EAW risks; however, perpendicular anisotropy is detrimental to EAW. Simulations indicate that EAW risks may be substantially reduced if a demagnetization pulse of polarity opposite to that of the last write is applied to the writer.
Photolithographic Hole-Transport Layer Derived from Electrochemical Deposition of Oligo(5-vinyl-2-nitrobenzyl triphenylamine-4-carboxylate) (2008)

Electrochemically deposited layer (EDL) prepared from electropolymerization of oligo(5-vinyl-2-nitrobenzyl triphenylamine-4-carboxylate) on conductive indium tin oxide glass (ITO) showed photolithographic properties as well as good hole-injection and transport properties. Under the optimized conditions, the polymeric light-emitting device (PLED) of ITO/EDL/polyvinylcarbazole(PVK)-Ir(PPy)3-[2-biphenylyl-5-(4′-tert-butylphenyl)oxadiazole] (PBD)/Mg−Ag had a turn-on voltage of 13.5 V (100 cd/m2) with a maximum brightness of 9100 cd/m2, and the current efficiency of 10.3 cd/A. When the EDL was exposed to UV light (365 nm) through a patterned photomask and developed in CH2Cl2, a positive image was obtained. After irradiation for 8 min through a band-pass filter (17 mW/cm2) by a Xeon lamp, the EDL became soluble and could be depleted completely in CH2Cl2. Patterned PLED device was also fabricated by this technique.
Effects of substrate doping on Gd2O3(100)/Si(100) heterostructure (2013)

Among the three major orientations, i.e., (100), (110), and (111), Gd2O3(100) is known from the energy point of view to be least favorable on Si(100), unless accompanied by an energy reduction mechanism with a subsequent transfer of electrons across the interface into the silicon substrate. Although the growth on p-type Si(100) results in the best structural consideration from XRD, sufficiently satisfactory stability is demonstrated with Gd2O3(100)/n-type Si(100) with a significantly higher mobility enhancement at high carrier concentration with features most desirable for CMOS applications.
Introduction (2013)

I began writing this book as a primer, in the sense of addressing a primary question that is difficult to answer. Can one say of Coleridge's poetry that it has a distinctive style, as one might say Bach or Beethoven have styles of their own in comparison with, say, Saint Saens, who composed in a variety of styles and is therefore sometimes dismissed as having none? More than many other poets, Coleridge appears to have written verse at every opportunity. All kinds flowed from his pen, or as often first formed in his head, for every kind of reason. Someone asked him to inscribe an autograph in an album, another employed him to fill space in a newspaper; he wrote to test a speculation about meter or his proficiency in another language, or prompted by feelings of pity or protest or concerning his own state of mind, or to parody pretension or attack oppression. Thoughts formed themselves into verse instinctively, sometimes without a clear purpose. He doodled for the fun of watching rhymes construct nonsense in front of his eyes; he was sometimes surprised—even disturbed—by what he found he had written. For the most part, the briefest results are hardly fragments: they are always more accurately by-products of an imagination that articulated the shifting consciousness of itself in metrical form.KeywordsDistinctive StyleContemporary WritingPoetical WorkNotebook EntryLove PoemThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Clinical observation of colon nitric oxide expression in irritable bowel syndrome (2004)

Objective To observe the effect through determine the mucosal nitric oxide(NO) amount of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) patient′s colon tissue.Methods 59 diagnosed IBS patients were divided into diarrhea type group (36 cases) and constipation type group(23 cases),and normal control group was 20 cases.Two pieces of rectal-sigmoid colon mucosal tissue was picked while colonscopy examination,and tissue NO content were measured.Results The colon mucosal NO value (117.69±5.58) μmol/L of diarrhea group was obviously higher than constipation group (66.2±11.8) μmol/L and normal control group(65.7±15.8) μmol/L,and there was no significant difference between constipation group and normal control group.Conclusion 11 cases of diarrhea type IBS group had acute bowel infectious disease half year before,the high colon mucosal NO content is associated with the biology effect of NO.Inflammation factors are concerning of the IBS etiology,NO and NOS have participated in IBS pathophysiology.Bowel infection had certain relation with IBS,and IBS is really happened after bowel infection.
Viscoelasticity of PTFE-Based Face Seals (2021)

PTFE-based materials are widely used in areas of tribology, particularly in seal and bearing applications because of their outstanding self-lubricating properties. Often in dynamic seal applications there is a need for ultra-low mechanical friction loss between the sealing surfaces. Due to its extremely low friction coefficient, there is interest in employing Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) materials in such applications. One challenging aspect of employing PTFE is that these materials are viscoelastic and plastic. This dissertation concentrates on the modeling of viscoelastic material response when used as mechanical face seals with a focus on PTFE-based materials. First, the viscoelastic characteristics are measured through experimental tests. Using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), the storage modulus, loss modulus and tan δ, are measured and discussed in the frequency domain. The relaxation modulus and creep compliances are also measured and studied in the time domain. Furthermore, the materials’ compositions are studied using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer for composites measurement. The experimental data is then modeled with best fit curves using the Prony series and compared to the experimental data. In seals made of viscoelastic materials, harmonic oscillations can lead to separation of seal faces and leakage. The isothermal viscoelastic dynamic response of a PTFE end face seal subjected to small harmonic input and preload static displacement from an ideally rigid opposing face is examined. Both the magnitude and time of separation of the faces are predicted based on dry conditions (no lubrication effect due to leakage). The presented model is a hybrid that combines the Golla-Hughes-McTavish (GHM) finite element model, a delayed recovery creep model and a penalty method contact model. The GHM and delayed recovery creep models are first validated using experimental data from a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) test for PTFE-based materials. Results for a simple sample application show seal separation magnitude as a function of frequency and applied harmonic displacement amplitude due to vibration of the rigid face. Results show that face separation occurs in PTFE seals even for small amplitude harmonic vibrations (as compared to the preload static displacement) and that this is due to the viscoelastic damping effect creating a phase lag between the motions of the faces. A simple leakage estimate is also performed for the sample application.
Cu nanowires shelled with NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting (2017)

3D core–shell nanostructures of few-layer NiFe LDH nanosheets grown on Cu nanowires are fabricated toward highly efficient overall water splitting.
PLL timing design techniques for large-scale, high-speed, low-power, and low-cost SRAMs (2002)

PLL timing design techniques introduced here feature (1) a word-line resetting-equalization scheme employing a clock-cycle proportional pulse, (2) a clock cyclic input buffer power-cutting scheme employing a clock-edge lookahead pulse, and (3) a super-pipelined parallel test scheme which allows the evaluation of high-speed LSIs by low-speed LSI testers. These techniques successfully contribute to the development of a 7 ns 16 Mb BiCMOS SRAM LSI.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Theoretical and Numerical Simulation of Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Propped Fractures (2013)

The flow of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media is important in many applications, such as polymer processing, heavy oil flow, and gel cleanup in propped fractures. Residual polymer gel in propped fractures results in low fracture conductivity and short effective fracture length, sometimes causing severe productivity impairment of a hydraulically fractured well. Some residual gels are concentrated in the filter cakes built on the fracture walls and have much higher polymer concentration than the original gel. The residual gel exhibits a higher yield stress, and is difficult to remove after fracture closure. But non-Newtonian fluid has complicated rheological equation and its flow behavior in porous media is difficult to be described and modeled. The Kozeny-Carman equation, a traditional permeability-porosity relationship, has been popularly used in porous media flow models. However, this relationship is not suitable for non-Newtonian fluid flow in porous media. \n\nAt first, I studied polymer gel behavior in hydraulic fracturing theoretically and experimentally. I developed a model to describe the flow behavior of residual polymer gel being displaced by gas in parallel plates. I developed analytical models for gas-liquid two-phase stratified flow of Newtonian gas and non-Newtonian residual gel to investigate gel cleanup under different conditions. The concentrated gel in the filter cake was modeled as a Herschel-Buckley fluid, a shear-thinning fluid following a power law relationship, but also having a yield stress. \n\nSecondly, I used a combination of analytical calculations and 3D finite volume simulation to investigate the flow behavior of Herschel-Bulkley non-Newtonian fluid flow through propped fractures. I developed the comprehensive mathematical model, and then modified the model based on numerical simulation results. In the simulations, I developed a micro pore-scale model to mimic the real porous structure of flow channel in propped fractures. The correlation of pressure gradient and superficial velocity was investigated under the influence of primary parameters, such as yield stress, power law index, and consistency index. I also considered the effect of proppant packing arrangement and proppant diameter. The Herschel-Bulkley model was used with an appropriate modification proposed by Papanastasiou to avoid the discontinuity of the apparent viscosity and numerical difficulties.
The Impact of CB2 Receptor Ligands on the MK-801-Induced Hyperactivity in Mice (2017)

It has been known that there is a relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia-related symptoms; however, it can be a subject of controversy. The involvement of CB1 receptor ligands in the schizophrenia has already been revealed and confirmed. However, there is still lack of information concerning the role of CB2 receptors in the psychosis-like effects in mice and the further studies are needed.The aim of the present research was to study the role of the CB2 receptor ligands in the symptoms typical for schizophrenia. We provoked hyperlocomotion in mice which is analogous to positive psychosis-like effects in humans, by an acute administration of a NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), a pharmacological model of schizophrenia. An acute administration of MK-801 induced the increase in locomotor activity (hyperactivity) in rodents, measured in actimeters.We revealed that an acute injection of CB2 receptor agonist JWH 133 at the dose range (0.05-1.0 mg/kg) and CB2 receptor antagonist, AM 630 at the dose range (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) decreased locomotion of mice. An acute injection of JWH 133 (2.0 mg/kg) and AM 630 (2.0 mg/kg) had no statistical significant influence on the locomotor activity of mice. However, an acute injection of both CB2 receptor ligands (agonist and antagonist), JWH 133, at the non-effective dose of 2.0 mg/kg and AM 630 at the non-effective dose of 2.0 mg/kg, potentiated the MK-801-induced hyperactivity.The present findings have confirmed that endocannabinoid system, not only via CB1, but also via CB2 receptors, may be involved in the schizophrenia-like responses, including hyperlocomotion in mice.
Low-rate turbo-Hadamard codes (2003)

This paper is concerned with a class of low-rate codes constructed from Hadamard code arrays. A recursive encoding principle is employed to introduce an interleaving gain. Very simple trellis codes with only two or four states are sufficient for this purpose, and the decoding cost involved in the trellis part is typically negligible. Both simulation and analytical results are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme is of theoretical interest as it can achieve performance of BER=10/sup -5/ at E/sub b//N/sub 0//spl ap/-1.2dB (only about 0.4 dB away from the ultimate low-rate Shannon limit) with an information block size of 65534. To the authors' knowledge, this is the best result achieved to date with respect to the ultimate Shannon limit. With regard to practical issues, the decoding complexity of the proposed code is considerably lower than that of existing low-rate turbo-type codes with comparable performance.