gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Acetylation and Extracellular Location of Heat Shock Protein 90α in Tumor Cell Invasion (2008)

Heat shock protein (hsp) 90 is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that maintains the active conformation of client oncoproteins in cancer cells. An isoform, hsp90alpha, promotes extracellular maturation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Knockdown of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6, which deacetylates lysine residues in hsp90, induces reversible hyperacetylation and attenuates ATP binding and chaperone function of hsp90. Here, using mass spectrometry, we identified seven lysine residues in hsp90alpha that are hyperacetylated after treatment of eukaryotic cells with a pan-HDAC inhibitor that also inhibits HDAC6. Depending on the specific lysine residue in the middle domain involved, although acetylation affects ATP, cochaperone, and client protein binding to hsp90alpha, acetylation of all seven lysines increased the binding of hsp90alpha to 17-allyl-amino-demethoxy geldanamycin. Notably, after treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589), the extracellular hsp90alpha was hyperacetylated and it bound to MMP-2, which was associated with increased in vitro tumor cell invasiveness. Treatment with antiacetylated hsp90alpha antibody inhibited in vitro invasion by tumor cells. Thus, reversible hyperacetylation modulates the intracellular and extracellular chaperone function of hsp90, and targeting extracellular hyperacetylated hsp90alpha may undermine tumor invasion and metastasis.
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-based Micro and Nanoparticles for the Controlled Drug Delivery of Vitamins (2009)

Controlled drug delivery systems and polymeric carriers have undergone significant development in recent years. Polymers like polylactides (PLA), polyglycolides (PGA), poly(lactide-co-glycolides) (PLGA), are approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as materials that can be used in medicine and pharmacy. Owing to their biodegradable nature, polymer materials, such as copolymer poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide), are widely used in various medical applications; controlled release of delivering drugs, carriers in the tissue engineering, fixation of bone fractures, chirurgical strings, etc. Polymeric particles are used for the controlled delivery of several types of medicaments, including anticancer agents, antihypertensive agents, immunomodulatory drugs, hormones, vitamins and macromolecules, such as nucleic acid, proteins, peptides, antibodies, etc. Preparation of poly(lactideco- glycolide) submicron spheres poses serious challenges. The present review attempts to address some important issues related to micro/ nanoparticle-based delivery systems comprising poly(lactide-co-glycolide), with a special reference to PLGA for the controlled delivery of vitamins. A range of topics is discussed, including formulation aspects of micro- and nanoparticles, the effects of particle size and size distribution, most commonly used incorporation techniques, surface modification with stabilizers, surface functionalization, and factors affecting degradation and drug release rate.
Anti-inflammatory activity of albumin (2007)

Division of Internal Medicine 2, Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
Ingested Human Insulin Inhibits the Mosquito NF-κB-Dependent Immune Response to Plasmodium falciparum (2012)

We showed previously that ingested human insulin activates the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway in Anopheles stephensi and increases the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to Plasmodium falciparum. In other organisms, insulin can alter immune responsiveness through regulation of NF-κB transcription factors, critical elements for innate immunity that are also central to mosquito immunity. We show here that insulin signaling decreased expression of NF-κB-regulated immune genes in mosquito cells stimulated with either bacterial or malarial soluble products. Further, human insulin suppressed mosquito immunity through sustained phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation, since inhibition of this pathway led to decreased parasite development in the mosquito. Together, these data demonstrate that activation of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway by ingested human insulin can alter NF-κB-dependent immunity, and ultimately the susceptibility, of mosquitoes to P. falciparum.
Physicochemical Characterization of Two Serologically Unrelated Equine Rhinoviruses (1977)

The physicochemical properties of two serologically distinct equine rhinoviruses have been examined. Each virus sedimented at approximately 160S but co-centrifugation of the two viruses in a sucrose gradient revealed a small difference in their sedimentation coefficients. The two viruses also have different buoyant densities in cesium chloride. The equine rhinovirus type 1 equilibrated as a sharp peak at 1.45 g/ml whereas the type 2 virus equilibrated as a heterogeneous band with a peak at 1.44 g/ml but ranging in density from 1.41 to 1.45 g/ml. The relative sedimentation coefficients of the two virus RNAs were 35S for rhinovirus 1 and 37S for rhinovirus 2. A limited number of base composition analyses also showed differences between the two virus RNAs. The polypeptide profile of each serotype in polyacrylamide gels was generally similar to those of other picornaviruses but the two serotypes could be distinguished readily from each other.
Clinical Significance of TDP-43 Neuropathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2017)

To determine the significance of TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we examined the whole brains and spinal cords of 57 patients (35 men; 22 women; mean age 63.3 years; 15 patients with c9orf72-associated ALS [c9ALS]). TDP-43 pathologic burden was determined relative to symptom onset site, disease duration, progression rate, cognitive status, and c9ALS status. There was a trend for greater TDP-43 pathologic burden in cognitively impaired patients (p = 0.07), though no association with disease duration or progression rate was seen. Shorter disease duration (p = 0.0016), more severe striatal pathology (p = 0.0029), and a trend toward greater whole brain TDP-43 pathology (p = 0.059) were found in c9ALS. Cluster analysis identified "TDP43-limited," "TDP43-moderate," and "TDP43-severe" subgroups. The TDP43-limited group contained more cognitively intact (p = 0.005) and lower extremity onset site (p = 0.019) patients, while other subgroups contained more cognitively impaired patients. We conclude that TDP-43 pathologic burden in ALS is associated with cognitive impairment and c9ALS, but not duration of disease or rate of progression. Further, we demonstrate a subgroup of patients with low TDP-43 burden, lower extremity onset, and intact cognition, which requires further investigation.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Green Reaction Medium for Catalysis (2002)

Carbon dioxide in its liquid or supercritical state (scCO(2)) has a prodigious potential as an environmentally benign reaction medium for sustainable chemical synthesis. Since the mid-1990s, rapidly increasing research efforts have shown that scCO(2) can replace conventional and potentially hazardous solvents in a wide range of processes. There is also increasing evidence that the application of scCO(2) can broaden the scope of catalytic synthetic methodologies. On the basis of the experience in our laboratories, this report analyzes the impact of scCO(2) on green organometallic catalysis.
Nifedipine in Scleroderma Ulcerations (1984)

Cutaneous ulcerations may be due to a variety of causes, including vasculitis, infections, arterial insufficiency, and microvascular damage. The net effect is diminished blood flow to the skin. Nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, has been shown to improve cutaneous blood flow and to alleviate reactive vasospastic ischemia (Raynaud's phenomenon). The authors report an ischemic ulcer of scleroderma showing visible improvement with nifedipine therapy.
Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>MV(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (M = Mn, Fe, Ni) Structure and Properties for Sodium Extraction (2016)

NASICON (Na<sup>+</sup> super ionic conductor) structures of Na<sub>x</sub>MV(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (M = Mn, Fe, Ni) were prepared, characterized by aberration-corrected STEM and synchrotron radiation, and demonstrated to be durable cathode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries. In Na<sub>4</sub>MnV(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, two redox couples of Mn<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup> and V<sup>4+</sup>/V<sup>3+</sup> are accessed with two voltage plateaus located at 3.6 and 3.3 V and a capacity of 101 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 C. Furthermore, the Na<sub>4</sub>MnV(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> cathode delivers a high initial efficiency of 97%, long durability over 1000 cycles, and good rate performance to 10 C. The robust framework structure and stable electrochemical performance makes it a reliable cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent: An Active, Sterically Demanding Cross‐Coupling Catalyst and Its Application in the Synthesis of Tetra‐<i>Ortho</i>‐Substituted Biaryls (2009)

Incredible Bulk: A series of N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts (see picture) were prepared and evaluated in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. A variety of sterically encumbered tetra-ortho-substituted biaryl products were formed from unreactive aryl chlorides using the isopentyl-substituted catalyst at temperatures ranging from 65 degrees C to room temperature. The cyclopentyl-substituted catalyst was virtually inactive, demonstrating that "flexible bulk" is essential to promote these transformations.
Nanosized Cation-Deficient Fe−Ti Spinel: A Novel Magnetic Sorbent for Elemental Mercury Capture from Flue Gas (2011)

Nonstoichiometric Fe-Ti spinel (Fe(3-x)Ti(x))(1-δ)O(4) has a large amount of cation vacancies on the surface, which may provide active sites for pollutant adsorption. Meanwhile, its magnetic property makes it separable from the complex multiphase system for recycling, and for safe disposal of the adsorbed toxin. Therefore, (Fe(3-x)Ti(x))(1-δ)O(4) may be a promising sorbent in environmental applications. Herein, (Fe(3-x)Ti(x))(1-δ)O(4) is used as a magnetically separable sorbent for elemental mercury capture from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants. (Fe(2)Ti)(0.8)O(4) shows a moderate capacity (about 1.0 mg g(-1) at 250 °C) for elemental mercury capture in the presence of 1000 ppmv of SO(2). Meanwhile, the sorbent can be readily separated from the fly ash using magnetic separation, leaving the fly ash essentially free of sorbent and adsorbed mercury.
Cell “hashing” with barcoded antibodies enables multiplexing and doublet detection for single cell genomics (2017)

ABSTRACT Despite rapid developments in single cell sequencing technology, sample-specific batch effects, detection of cell doublets, and the cost of generating massive datasets remain outstanding challenges. Here, we introduce cell “hashing”, where oligo-tagged antibodies against ubiquitously expressed surface proteins are used to uniquely label cells from distinct samples, which can be subsequently pooled. By sequencing these tags alongside the cellular transcriptome, we can assign each cell to its sample of origin, and robustly identify doublets originating from multiple samples. We demonstrate our approach by pooling eight human PBMC samples on a single run of the 10x Chromium system, substantially reducing our per-cell costs for library generation. Cell “hashing” is inspired by, and complementary to, elegant multiplexing strategies based on genetic variation, which we also leverage to validate our results. We therefore envision that our approach will help to generalize the benefits of single cell multiplexing to diverse samples and experimental designs.
5G Wireless Communication Networks: Challenges in Security and Privacy (2020)

Presents the introductory editorial for this issue of the publication.
Examining the Out-of-Center Distortion in the [NbOF<sub>5</sub>]<sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup> Anion (2005)

Out-of-center "primary" electronic distortions are inherent to the oxide fluoride anions of the early d0 transition metals. In the [NbOF5]2- anion, the Nb5+ moves from the center of the octahedron toward the oxide ligand to form a short Nb=O bond and long trans Nb-F bond. The combined results of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic structure calculations indicate that the primary distortion of the [NbOF5]2- anion is affected by the coordination environment that is created by the three-dimensional extended structure. The formation of bonds between an M(L)4(2+) (M = Cd2+, Cu2+; L = 3-aminopyridine, 4-aminopyridine) cation and the oxide and/or trans-fluoride ligands of the [NbOF5]2- anion weakens the pi component of the Nb=O bond. At the same time, hydrogen bond interactions between the equatorial fluorides and the aminopyridine groups both lengthen the equatorial Nb-F bonds and can further reduce the symmetry of the [NbOF5]2- anion. These combined three-dimensional bond network interactions that serve to lengthen the Nb=O bond and thereby decrease the primary distortion of the [NbOF5]2- anion are illustrated in the structures of three new niobium oxide fluoride phases, [4-apyH]2[Cu(4-apy)4(NbOF5)2] (4-apy = 4-aminopyridine), Cd(3-apy)4NbOF5 (3-apy = 3-aminopyridine), and Cu(3-apy)4NbOF5, that were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for [4-apyH]2[Cu(4-apy)4(NbOF5)2]: tetragonal, space group /4(1)/ acd (No. 142), with a = 20.8745(8) A, c = 17.2929(9) A, and Z= 8. Cd(3-apy)4NbOF5: tetragonal, space group P4(3) (No. 78), with a = 8.4034(4) A, c = 34.933(3) A, and Z = 4. Cu(3-apy)4NbOF5: monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), with a = 8.822(1) A, b = 16.385(3) A, c = 8.902(1) A, beta = 109.270(3) degrees, and Z = 2.
Optical SHG measurements of amphiphiles at liquid/liquid interfaces (2007)

Surface second harmonic generation (SSHG) is described as a powerful surface tool to investigate amphiphiles at liquid/liquid interfaces. In particular, the molecular picture of the interface which is retrieved from these measurements is emphasized. In a first part, a theoretical analysis of the origin of the SH signal from these systems is discussed. The dipole electric contribution, which is highly surface specific, is shown to be the dominant one at liquid/liquid interfaces, the volume contributions of higher orders in the multiple expansion of the nonlinear polarization being overwhelming at pure solvant air/liquid interfaces only. In the second part, the experimental results available to date are reported. The orientation and solvation properties of the amphiphile monolayers are shown to principally depend on the hydrophobic-hydrophilic forces. Photoisomerization experiments are reported and they show that the interfacial molecular friction is dramatically different from the friction found in bulk aqueous solution. Chemical reactions, and in particular acid/base equilibria, are also discussed and the role of the external potential at polarized interfaces in the apparent pKa value measured is underlined. Finally, charge-transfer reactions at polarized liquid/liquid interfaces are presented.
Fluorescent nucleobase analogues for base–base FRET in nucleic acids: synthesis, photophysics and applications (2018)

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a donor nucleobase analogue and an acceptor nucleobase analogue, base-base FRET, works as a spectroscopic ruler and protractor. With their firm stacking and ability to replace the natural nucleic acid bases inside the base-stack, base analogue donor and acceptor molecules complement external fluorophores like the Cy-, Alexa- and ATTO-dyes and enable detailed investigations of structure and dynamics of nucleic acid containing systems. The first base-base FRET pair, tC<sup>O</sup>-tC<sub>nitro</sub>, has recently been complemented with among others the adenine analogue FRET pair, qAN1-qA<sub>nitro</sub>, increasing the flexibility of the methodology. Here we present the design, synthesis, photophysical characterization and use of such base analogues. They enable a higher control of the FRET orientation factor, <i>κ</i><sup>2</sup>, have a different distance window of opportunity than external fluorophores, and, thus, have the potential to facilitate better structure resolution. Netropsin DNA binding and the B-to-Z-DNA transition are examples of structure investigations that recently have been performed using base-base FRET and that are described here. Base-base FRET has been around for less than a decade, only in 2017 expanded beyond one FRET pair, and represents a highly promising structure and dynamics methodology for the field of nucleic acids. Here we bring up its advantages as well as disadvantages and touch upon potential future applications.
Influence of hydration and annealing on structure, PSL yield and spatial resolution of pressed powder imaging plates of the X-ray storage phosphor CsBr:Eu2+ (2017)

A new production route for europium doped cesium bromide (CsBr:Eu2+) imaging plates has been developed, synthesizing CsBr:Eu2+ powder from a precipitation reaction of aqueous CsBr solution with ethanol. This new route allows the control of features like homogeneous grain size and grain shape of the obtained powder. After drying and subsequent compacting the powder, disk-like samples were fabricated, and their resulting photostimulated luminescence (PSL) properties like yield and spatial resolution were determined. It will be shown that hydration of such disks causes the CsBr:Eu2+ powder to recrystallize starting from the humidity exposed surfaces to the sample interior up to a completely polycrystalline sample resulting in a decreasing PSL yield and an increasing resolution. Subsequent annealing leads to grain refinement combined with a large PSL yield increment and a minor effect on the spatial resolution. By first annealing the “as made” disk, one observes a strong increment of the PSL yield and almost no effect on the spatial resolution. During subsequent hydration, the recrystallization is hindered by minor structural changes of the grains. The related PSL yield drops slightly with increasing hydration time, and the spatial resolution drops considerably. The obtained PSL properties with respect to structure will be discussed with a simple model.
Translational up-regulation of the EGFR by tumor hypoxia provides a nonmutational explanation for its overexpression in human cancer (2007)

Overexpression of the EGF receptor (EGFR) is a recurrent theme in human cancer and is thought to cause aggressive phenotypes and resistance to standard therapy. There has, thus, been a concerted effort in identifying EGFR gene mutations to explain misregulation of EGFR expression as well as differential sensitivity to anti-EGFR drugs. However, such genetic alterations have proven to be rare occurrences in most types of cancer, suggesting the existence of a more general physiological trigger for aberrant EGFR expression. Here, we provide evidence that overexpression of wild-type EGFR can be induced by the hypoxic microenvironment and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF2alpha) in the core of solid tumors. Our data suggest that hypoxia/HIF2alpha activation represents a common mechanism for EGFR overexpression by increasing EGFR mRNA translation, thereby diminishing the necessity for gene mutations. This allows for the accumulation of elevated EGFR levels, increasing its availability for the autocrine signaling required for tumor cell growth autonomy. Taken together, our findings provide a nonmutational explanation for EGFR overexpression in human tumors and highlight a role for HIF2alpha activation in the regulation of EGFR protein synthesis.
Sequential line search for efficient visual design optimization by crowds (2017)

Parameter tweaking is a common task in various design scenarios. For example, in color enhancement of photographs, designers tweak multiple parameters such as "brightness" and "contrast" to obtain the best visual impression. Adjusting one parameter is easy; however, if there are multiple correlated parameters, the task becomes much more complex, requiring many trials and a large cognitive load. To address this problem, we present a novel extension of Bayesian optimization techniques, where the system decomposes the entire parameter tweaking task into a sequence of one-dimensional line search queries that are easy for human to perform by manipulating a single slider. In addition, we present a novel concept called crowd-powered visual design optimizer , which queries crowd workers, and provide a working implementation of this concept. Our single-slider manipulation microtask design for crowdsourcing accelerates the convergence of the optimization relative to existing comparison-based microtask designs. We applied our framework to two different design domains: photo color enhancement and material BRDF design, and thereby showed its applicability to various design domains.
STUDIES OF THE MONOAMINE METABOLISM IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN JAKOB-CREUTZFELDT DISEASE (1971)

In a case with Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, investigations in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue showed disturbances of the monoamine metabolism. The levels of the eatecholamines were seriously decreased. Loading tests with probenecid suggested a low dopamine turnover. The lactate-pyruvate ratio in CSF was normal. The histopathological findings are in good agreement with the biochemical data. The investigatio might possibly support the theory of a viral etiology in Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, and that a virus infection could be responsible for the impairment of the monoamine metabolism.
Latest Advances in Molecular Imaging Instrumentation (2008)

This review concentrates on the latest advances in molecular imaging technology, including PET, MRI, and optical imaging. In PET, significant improvements in tumor detection and image resolution have been achieved by introducing new scintillation materials, iterative image reconstruction, and correction methods. These advances enabled the first clinical scanners capable of time-of-flight detection and incorporating point-spread-function reconstruction to compensate for depth-of-interaction effects. In the field of MRI, the most important developments in recent years have mainly been MRI systems with higher field strengths and improved radiofrequency coil technology. Hyperpolarized imaging, functional MRI, and MR spectroscopy provide molecular information in vivo. A special focus of this review article is multimodality imaging and, in particular, the emerging field of combined PET/MRI.
The Nonfeminizing Enantiomer of 17 -Estradiol Exerts Protective Effects in Neuronal Cultures and a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia (2001)

Estrogens are potent neuroprotective compounds in a variety of animal and cell culture models, and data indicate that estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated gene transcription is not required for some of these effects. To further address the requirement for an ER in estrogen enhancement of neuronal survival, we assessed the enantiomer of 17β-estradiol (Ent-E2), which has identical chemical properties but interacts only weakly with known ERs, for neuroprotective efficacy. Ent-E2 was both as potent and efficacious as 17β-estradiol in attenuating oxidative stress-induced death in HT-22 cells, a murine hippocampal cell line. Further, Ent-E2 completely attenuated H2O2 toxicity in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells at a 10 nm concentration. In a rodent model of focal ischemia, 17β-estradiol (100 μg/kg) or Ent-E2 (100 μg/kg), injected 2 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion, resulted in a 60 and 61% reduction in lesion volume, respectively. Ent-E2, at the doses effective in this study, did not stimulate uterine growth or vaginal opening in juvenile female rats when administered daily for 3 days. These data indicate that the neuroprotective effects of estrogens, both in vitro and in vivo, can be disassociated from the peripheral estrogenic actions.