gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applicability of LTE Public Key Infrastructure Based Device Authentication in Industrial Plants (2015)

The security in industrial automation domain using cryptography mechanisms is being discussed in both industry and academia. An efficient key management system is required to support cryptography for both symmetric key and public/private key encryption. The key management should ensure that the device is verified before distributing the initial key parameters to devices. The software/firmware used in the device comes from manufacturers, therefore the initial authenticity of the device can be easily verified with the help of manufacturers. Mobile telecommunication is an industrial segment where wireless devices are being used for a long time and the security of the wireless device management has been considered through a standard driven approach. Therefore, it is interesting to analyse the security authentication mechanisms used in mobile communication, specified in Long-Term-Evolution (LTE) standard. This paper analyses the initial device authentication using public key infrastructure in LTE standard, and discusses if, where and how the studied solutions can be tailored for device authenticity verification in industrial plant automation systems.
Optimized Necrotic Enteritis Model Producing Clinical and Subclinical Infection of Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens (2010)

In this study we assessed the roles of Eimeria infection and dietary manipulation (feeding a diet with a high level of fishmeal) in an Australian necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge model in broiler chickens. An experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that Eimeria infection and dietary manipulation, i.e., inclusion of fishmeal in the diet, are necessary to induce NE experimentally. The results showed that the combination of Eimeria administration and fishmeal feeding had a significant effect on induction of clinical and subclinical Clostridium perfringens infection. The majority of the mortality that occurred during the second week of the trial was due to an NE outbreak following the C. perfringens challenge. The mortality rate of the birds was 12.00% for the high-fishmeal (HFM; 500 g/kg) group and 9.33% for the low-fishmeal (LFM; 250 g/kg) group when the birds were subjected to C. perfringens and Eimeria. Fishmeal alone did not induce significant mortality in birds challenged only with C. perfringens but showed a significantly higher C. perfringens count than the non-fishmeal (NFM) control group. Eimeria administration had a significant effect on NE-related mortality but did not have an effect on the C. perfringens count. In accordance with the time course of bird mortality, it can be determined that of the 3 successive days of oral gavage with C. perfringens, the first inoculation was essential for inducing NE, but the third had no additional effect on NE-related mortality. Also, reducing the fishmeal level from 500 to 250 g/kg had no negative impact on the reproducibility of the model. It may be concluded that NE can be consistently induced under experimental conditions by feeding broilers a diet containing 250 g/kg fishmeal, using a single inoculation with low numbers of Eimeria, administering one or two oral C. perfringens inoculations, and maintaining appropriate ambient temperatures and diets.
Intramembrane Proteases--Mixing Oil and Water (2002)

The report that the newly characterized signal peptide peptidase is an aspartic protease that resembles presenilin ([ Weihofen et al .][1]) has generated excitement among Alzheimer's disease (AD) researchers. As [Wolfe and Selkoe][2] explain in their Perspective, the new work supplements existing evidence that presenilin (which is mutated in a rare familial form of AD) is an aspartic protease responsible for the intramembranous cleavage of many substrates, including the amyloid precursor protein.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/296/5576/2215
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/296/5576/2156
Operation of five individual diode lasers as a coherent ensemble by fiber coupling into an external cavity (1991)

Five diode lasers that each have one facet antireflection coated were fiber coupled into an external cavity and operated as a coherent ensemble by the use of a spatial filter placed at the Fourier plane of the cavity. The resulting output was shown to be in a single spectral line with a linewidth less than the instrumental resolution (7.5 MHz) of the Fabry–Perot spectrum analyzer used. The effect of rotating the polarization of the radiation inside one of the fibers is described.
Lesions in the sterol Δ<sup>7</sup> reductase gene of Arabidopsis cause dwarfism due to a block in brassinosteroid biosynthesis (2000)

The brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic pathway, and the sterol pathway which is prerequisite to the BR pathway, are rapidly being characterized because of the availability of a large number of characteristic dwarf mutants in Arabidopsis. Here we show that the Arabidopsis dwarf5 mutants are disrupted in a sterol Delta7 reduction step. dwf5 plants display the characteristic dwarf phenotype typical of other BR mutants. This phenotype includes small, round, dark-green leaves, and short stems, pedicels, and petioles. Metabolite tracing with 13C-labeled precursors in dwf5 verified a deficiency in a sterol Delta7 reductase activity. All six independent alleles contain loss-of-function mutations in the sterol Delta7 reductase gene. These include a putative mRNA instability mutation in dwf5-1, 3' and 5' splice-site mutations in dwf5-2 and dwf5-6, respectively, premature stop codons in dwf5-3 (R400Z) and dwf5-5 (R409Z), and a mis-sense mutation in dwf5-4 (D257N). The dwf5 plant could be restored to wild type by ectopic overexpression of the wild-type copy of the gene. Both the Arabidopsis dwf5 phenotype and the human Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome are caused by loss-of-function mutations in a sterol Delta7 reductase gene, indicating that it is required for the proper growth and development of these two organisms.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Induces Clonal Generation of Mouse Neurospheres via Proliferation of Sca-1- and AC133-Positive Neural Progenitors (2004)

Neural stem/progenitor cells are clonogenic in vitro and produce neurospheres in serum-free medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF2). Here, we demonstrate that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) instigated the clonal generation of neurospheres from dissociated mouse postnatal forebrain in the absence of EGF and FGF2. LPA induced proliferation of cells which co-expressed Sca-1 antigen and AC133, markers of primitive hematopoietic and neural stem/progenitor cells. Clonal expansion of these cells induced by LPA was inhibited by diacylglycerol- pyrophosphate (DGPP), an antagonist of the LPA receptor subtypes LPA1 and LPA3. Moreover, Sca-1- and AC133-positive cells of these neurospheres expressed LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3, suggesting important roles for these LPA receptors in proliferation of neural progenitors. LPA induced neurospheres to differentiate on an adherent laminin/poly-L-ornithine matrix. In differentiating neurospheres, LPA receptors co-localized with betaIII-tubulin, nestin, and CNPase, but not with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocyte lineage. Our results demonstrate for the first time that lysophosphatidic acid induces clonal neurosphere development via proliferation of AC133/Sca-1-positive stem cells by a receptor-dependent mechanism. This differentiation was characterized by the initial co-localization of neural specific antigens at sites of LPA receptor expression upon their interaction with the inducing agonist.
Inducible Amplification of Gene Copy Number and Heterologous Protein Production in the Yeast <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i> (1999)

Heterologous protein production can be doubled by increasing the copy number of the corresponding heterologous gene. We constructed a host-vector system in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis that was able to induce copy number amplification of pKD1 plasmid-based vectors upon expression of an integrated copy of the plasmid recombinase gene. We increased the production and secretion of two heterologous proteins, glucoamylase from the yeast Arxula adeninivorans and mammalian interleukin-1beta, following gene dosage amplification when the heterologous genes were carried by pKD1-based vectors. The choice of the promoters for expression of the integrated recombinase gene and of the episomal heterologous genes are critical for the mitotic stability of the host-vector system.
A Review of Current Challenges in Colorectal Cancer Reporting (2019)

This review has addressed issues and challenges affecting quality of colorectal cancer pathology reporting. High-quality pathology reporting is essential for prognostication and management of patients with colorectal cancer.
Thiourea as a melanoma targeting agent (1996)

It has previously been shown that various thiourea derivatives are incorporated into nascent melanin, and a few of these substances, e.g. 2-thiouracil and its radioiodinated analogue, have been used for selective targeting of melanotic melanoma. Possible localization of thiourea itself in melanoma, however, has not been investigated so far. We have therefore performed the present autoradiographic and impulse counting study on the disposition of 14C-thiourea in mice transplanted with B16 melanoma. The results demonstrated a pronounced, but partly heterogeneous, uptake of radioactivity in the melanoma tissue, with the highest concentration 4 h after the injection. Four days after the administration of a single dose, the retention of label was still high in certain tumoral areas. The lung was the only normal tissue with a similarly high uptake of radioactivity. Additional experiments in vitro showed that the incorporation of thiourea into melanin was dose-dependent. The binding to performed melanin was found to be low, which strongly indicates that the incorporation of thiourea into melanin mainly is due to interaction with intermediates of the melanin synthetic pathway.
A Loba (2021)

Tradução do conto La Lupa, de Giovanni Verga
pl50/95, Third member of the LFA‐1/CR<sub>3</sub> polypeptide family identified by anti‐Leu M5 monoclonal antibody (1985)

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-Leu M5 reacts with a two-chain molecule composed of a 150-kDa alpha subunit noncovalently associated with a 95-kDa beta subunit and probably is specific for an epitope on the 150-kDa alpha chain. This p150/95 antigen is the third member of a family of polypeptides sharing a common 95-kDa beta chain, which includes the lymphocyte function-associated antigen LFA-1 (p177/95) and complement receptor CR3 (Mo1/MAC-1/OKM1; p165/95) antigens. Sequential immunoprecipitation with anti-p95 beta chain mAb specifically removed the antigens detected by anti-LFA-1, anti-CR3 and anti-Leu M5 mAb. Certain patients with recurrent bacterial infections are genetically deficient in expression of the LFA-1 and Mo1 antigens, and have impaired granulocyte function. Granulocytes from a patient with this disease also failed to react with anti-Leu M5. Stimulation of normal granulocytes with f-Met-Leu-Phe, C5a-desArg, or calcium ionophore resulted in increased expression of Mo1 and Leu M5 antigens on the cell surface, but did not significantly increase expression of LFA-1 antigen. In functional assays, anti-Leu M5 did not inhibit T cell-mediated or natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, anti-Leu M5 neither inhibited the binding of complement-coated particles to CR1 or CR3 nor did it affect the binding of EC3dg to neutrophils (CR4). These studies clearly indicate that the p150/95 antigen recognized by the anti-Leu M5 antibody is a structurally distinct member of the LFA-1/CR3 family.
Knowledge acquisition from corresponding domain knowledge transformations (2009)

The capability to efficiently retrieve knowledge in response to specific user queries offers the potential to create decision support systems of unprecedented utility, i.e., systems which can accelerate the learning process. This paper presents such an architecture, the Type 2 Knowledge Amplification by structured expert randomization (T2K) system. This system differs from traditional expert systems in the way knowledge rules are matched with queries. The T2K has the ability to acquire knowledge from corresponding domains to answer queries from domains in which the system has less knowledge. This system also solves the word mismatch problem by modifying queries using word substitutions. This is done through creative transformations and optimizations of knowledge rule antecedents and consequents. By pairing rules with identical antecedents or consequents, we are able to induce new rules from existing knowledge without explicit elicitation from the user. The technique presented in this paper attempts to transform both the rules in the knowledge base as well as the query in order to find a matching action for a specified query.
Routing strategies in multihop cooperative networks (2009)

The fading characteristics and broadcast nature of wireless channels are usually not fully considered in the design of routing protocols for wireless networks. In this paper, we combine routing and cooperative diversity, with the consideration of a realistic channel model. We focus on a multihop network with multiple relays at each hop, and three routing strategies are designed to achieve the full diversity gain provided by cooperation among the relays. In particular, an optimal routing strategy is proposed to minimize the end-to-end outage, which requires the channel information of all the links and serves as a performance bound. An ad-hoc routing strategy is then proposed based on a hop-by-hop relay selection, which can be easily implemented in a distributed way. As expected, ad-hoc routing performs worse than optimal routing, especially with a large number of hops. To achieve a good complexity-performance tradeoff, an N-hop routing strategy is further proposed, where a joint optimization is performed every N hops. Simulation results are provided which verify the outage analyses of the proposed routing strategies.
Development of a High-Throughput Flow Cytometry Assay to Monitor Defective Trafficking and Rescue of Long QT2 Mutant hERG Channels (2018)

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an acquired or inherited disorder characterized by prolonged QT interval, exertion-triggered arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. One of the most prevalent hereditary LQTS subtypes, LQT2, results from loss-of-function mutations in the hERG channel, which conducts <i>I</i><sub>Kr</sub>, the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K<sup>+</sup> current, critical for cardiac repolarization. The majority of LQT2 mutations result in Class 2 deficits characterized by impaired maturation and trafficking of hERG channels. Here, we have developed a high-throughput flow cytometric assay to analyze the surface and total expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant hERG channels with single-cell resolution. To test our method, we focused on 16 LQT2 mutations in the hERG Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain that were previously studied via a widely used biochemical approach that compares levels of 135-kDa immature and 155-kDa fully glycosylated hERG protein to infer surface expression. We confirmed that LQT2 mutants expressed in HEK293 cells displayed a decreased surface density compared to WT hERG, and were differentially rescued by low temperature. However, we also uncovered some notable differences from the findings obtained via the biochemical approach. In particular, three mutations (N33T, R56Q, and A57P) with apparent WT-like hERG glycosylation patterns displayed up to 50% decreased surface expression. Furthermore, despite WT-like levels of complex glycosylation, these mutants have impaired forward trafficking, and exhibit varying half-lives at the cell surface. The results highlight utility of the surface labeling/flow cytometry approach to quantitatively assess trafficking deficiencies associated with LQT2 mutations, to discern underlying mechanisms, and to report on interventions that rescue deficits in hERG surface expression.
Simplified technique for bounding error statistics for DFB receivers (1985)

A new metric, termed `recovery distance?, is introduced for decision feedback receivsers, and is shown to provide the basis for a simple technique for obtaining bounds on a wide range of error statistics. The error propagation process is modelled using stochastic state transition diagrams with merging of states having the same recovery distance, providing the simplification required to render tractable the derivation of probability generating functions for error random variables of interest. The new technique is illustrated by deriving bounds on error statistics for various signal formats of interest for practical applications.
Induction of DNA replication by peroxisome proliferators is independent of both tumour necrosis factor α priming and EGF-receptor tyrosine kinase activity (1999)

Peroxisome proliferators (PPs) cause hepatocyte proliferation and tumorigenesis in rodent liver. PPs induce hepatocyte DNA synthesis although the mechanism is unclear. Tumour necrosis factor (alpha) (TNF(alpha)) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been implicated in mediating this growth response since these factors induce a threefold and 17.2-fold increase, respectively, in DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocyte cultures. Previously, others have suggested that TNF(alpha) acts as a primer to sensitise hepatocytes to the proliferative effects of growth factors. Indeed, here we show that costimulation with TNF(alpha) and a suboptimal (4-20% of optimal) concentration of EGF permits an 11.7-fold increase in DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocyte cultures. The PP nafenopin induced a 2. 3-fold increase in DNA synthesis but there was no further increase upon co-administration of either TNF(alpha) or a suboptimal concentration of EGF. Furthermore, there was no gross dysregulation of the CDK and cyclin protein expression profile upon stimulation with nafenopin. Using a specific epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenylamino)-7-methoxy-6- (3-¿1-pyrolidino)-propoxyquinazoline, EGFR-TKI), we show that signalling through EGF-R is not required for nafenopin-induced DNA synthesis. The EGFR-TKI also prevented progression into S phase upon stimulation with TNF(alpha), but DNA synthesis was not reduced to control levels, indicating that TNF(alpha) has a mitogenic activity in the absence of EGF signalling. Therefore, although TNF(alpha) can act as a priming factor for growth factors such as EGF, nafenopin does not appear to act via this mechanism.
Heritability of variation in glycaemic response to metformin: a genome-wide complex trait analysis (2014)

Wellcome Trust.
Computational methods for scaffold hopping (2012)

Abstract It is not uncommon in drug discovery that the core fragment, typically called scaffold, of a molecule with an interesting biological activity cannot be developed further because of issues related to intellectual property, physicochemical properties, metabolic stability, or toxicity, to name only a few reasons. In this situation, it is desirable to replace this molecule with another having a different chemical connectivity, but similar shape and pharmacophore features enabling it to interact in the same way with the target as the original molecule. Such a replacement is called scaffold hopping. Several ligand‐based virtual screening and scoring methods supporting the identification of novel ligands starting from known ligands and, if known, their bound conformation, are available. Scaffold hopping capability has been demonstrated for pharmacophore searches, field‐ and shape‐based similarity searches, alignment free similarity searches using three‐dimensional (3D)‐ or connectivity‐based descriptors, and fragment‐based methods. Although for many methods successful prospective uses have been reported, rigorous systematic benchmarking of scaffold hopping is still challenging due to the lacking consensus in the definition of a scaffold. Despite their drawbacks, computational scaffold extraction methods have been frequently used in approximate benchmarks for scaffold hopping. In many systematic retrospective studies, connectivity‐based methods were shown to be at least equally effective as 3D methods, especially when the conformations of the reference structures were generated with a conformer generator. However, in prospective comparison studies, especially when a hypothesis of the 3D binding conformation was available and used, often 3D methods were found to give superior results. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is categorized under: Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
URL Assignment Algorithm of Crawler in Distributed System Based on Hash (2008)

Web crawlers are the key component of services running on Internet and providing searching and indexing support for the entire Web, for corporate Intranets and large portal sites. More recently, crawlers have also been used as tools to conduct focused Web searches and to gather data about the characteristics of the WWW. In this paper, we research on the gathering model of crawler in the distributed circumstance. We describe the function of every module and establish some rules which crawlers must follow to maintain the equilibrium load and robustness of system when they are searching on the Web simultaneously. Then we design and implement a new URL assignment algorithm based on hash for partitioning the domain to crawl, and more in general discuss the complete decentralization of every task.
Learning Character-level Compositionality with Visual Features (2017)

Previous work has modeled the compositionality of words by creating character-level models of meaning, reducing problems of sparsity for rare words. However, in many writing systems compositionality has an effect even on the character-level: the meaning of a character is derived by the sum of its parts. In this paper, we model this effect by creating embeddings for characters based on their visual characteristics, creating an image for the character and running it through a convolutional neural network to produce a visual character embedding. Experiments on a text classification task demonstrate that such model allows for better processing of instances with rare characters in languages such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Additionally, qualitative analyses demonstrate that our proposed model learns to focus on the parts of characters that carry semantic content, resulting in embeddings that are coherent in visual space.
On the control-subroutine implementation of subprogram synthesis (2002)

The synthesis of VHDL procedures and functions is studied from the VHDL transformation point of view. Among all the proposed methods, inline expansion and modules can be integrated into a VHDL synthesis system by a source-to-source transformation, while a control-subroutine approach requires additional work at the higher-level synthesis phases before it can be linked to a logic synthesis tool. The possibility of carrying out a lot of optimization is explored during the process. We also present various generations of the control-subroutine approach, including the synthesis of recursive programs, a behavioral partitioning methodology that divides the controller into several communicating state machines, and a methodology that mixes the execution of subprograms. Our study shows that the combination of these approaches is flexible enough to be adapted to various applications in an efficient way.