gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selling T-shirts and Time Shares in the Cloud (2012)

Cloud computing has emerged as a new and alternative approach for providing computing services. Customers acquire and release resources by requesting and returning virtual machines to the cloud. Different service models and pricing schemes are offered by cloud service providers. This can make it difficult for customers to compare cloud services and select an appropriate solution. Cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service vendors offer a t-shirt approach for Virtual Machines (VMs) on demand. Customers can select from a set of fixed size VMs and vary the number of VMs as their demands change. Private clouds often offer another alternative, called time-sharing, where the capacity of each VM is permitted to change dynamically. With this approach each virtual machine is allocated a dynamic amount of CPU and memory resources over time to better utilize available resources. We present a tool that can help customers make informed decisions about which approach works most efficiently for their workloads in aggregate and for each workload separately. A case study using data from an enterprise customer with 312 workloads demonstrates the use of the tool. It shows that for the given set of workloads the t-shirt model requires almost twice the number of physical servers as the time share model. The costs for such infrastructure must ultimately be passed on to the customer in terms of monetary costs or performance risks. We conclude that private and public clouds should consider offering both resource sharing models to meet the needs of customers.
Slice-based prostate segmentation in 3D US images based on continuity constraint (2004)

Slice-based 3D segmentation is a semi-automatic segmentation approach that is used to segment the prostate from 3D ultrasound (US) images. First, the prostate is re-sliced rotationally around a pre-selected rotational axis passing through the approximate center of the prostate. Using a deformable model, an intial guess is used to refine the prostate boundary to better fit the outline of the prostate in an initial 2D slice. Then, the refined contour is propagated to its adjacent slices and deformed. This proceudre is repeated until all slices are segmented. Unfortunately, in this segmentation approach, the segmented contour may not fit the actual prostate boundary properly, propagating the segmentation error and making it larger. In this paper, we add a continuity constraint in the slice-based 3D segmentation approach by using an autoregressive (AR) model to correct the endpoint propagation in a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the rotational axis. Experiments with 6 patient prostate 3D US images demonstrated that our method can obtain a smooth segmented prostate and the average distance between our algorithmic and the manually segmented 2D prostates on the cross-sectional plane was about 0.8mm less than the distance between the algorithmic segmentation without using the continuity constraint and the manually segmented 2D prostates on the cross-sectional plane.
Synthesis, Chemical Properties, and Biological Evaluation of CC-1065 and Duocarmycin Analogues Incorporating the 5-Methoxycarbonyl-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[<i>c</i>]benz[<i>e</i>]indol-4-one Alkylation Subunit (2001)

The synthesis of 5-methoxycarbonyl-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benz[e]indol-4-one (C5-CO2Me-CBI), a substituted CBI derivative bearing a C5 methoxycarbonyl group, and its corresponding 5-hydroxymethyl derivative are described in efforts to establish substituent electronic effects on the agents' functional reactivity and the resulting effect this has on their rate of DNA alkylation. Resolution of an immediate C5-CO2Me-CBI precursor and its incorporation into both enantiomers of 16 and 17, analogues of the duocarmycins, are also detailed. A study of the solvolysis reactivity and regioselectivity of N-BOC-C5-CO2Me-CBI (12) revealed that the introduction of a C5 methyl ester modestly slowed the rate of solvolysis (1.8x, pH 3) without altering the inherent reaction regioselectivity (>20:1). The comparison of the X-ray structures of the N-CO2Me derivatives of C5-CO2Me-CBI and CBI revealed correlations with the reaction regioselectivity and the relative reactivity of the compounds. The latter correlated well with the less reactive C5-CO2Me-CBI exhibiting a shortened N2-C2a bond length (1.386 vs 1.390 A) and smaller chi1 dihedral angle (8.1 degrees vs 21.2 degrees ) indicative of greater vinylogous amide conjugation and was accompanied by a diminished (cross-conjugated) cyclopropane conjugation (shorter bond lengths). Establishment of the DNA alkyation properties revealed that C5-CO2Me-CBI-based agents retained the identical alkylation selectivity of the natural products. More importantly, the C5 methyl ester was found to decrease the rate (0.77x) of DNA alkylation relative to CBI, consistent with its inherent lower reactivity. These results indicate that the previously observed increase in the rate of DNA alkylation for C7-substituted CBI analogues including CCBI (7-cyano-CBI) is contrary to expectations based on their inherent reactivities. Unlike 17, in which the C5 methyl ester does not bind in the minor groove, the C7 substituent lies in the minor groove extending the rigid length of the agents, further enhancing the DNA binding-induced conformational change responsible for activation toward nucleophilic attack and catalysis of the DNA alkylation reaction.
Trifluorophenylethylidene Condensation Polyimides (1987)

Report describes synthesis and properties of trifluorophenylethylidene (3F) condensation polyimides. Properties of these new polymers make suitable thermal-control coatings, interlayer dielectrics in advanced wafer chips, and electronic-multilevel-interconnection layers.
Expedient synthesis of [<sup>18</sup>F]‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones (2003)

Abstract Several [ 18 F]‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones have been synthesized. Reactions of 2,2‐difluoro‐1‐aryl‐1‐trimethylsiloxyethenes ( 1a–d ) with [ 18 F]‐F 2 at low temperature produced [ 18 F]‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones ( 2a–d ). Radio‐labeled products were isolated by purification with column chromatography in 22–28% yields, decay corrected (d.c.) in three runs per compound. Radiochemical purity was >99% with specific activities 15–20 GBq/mmol at the end of synthesis (EOS). The synthesis time was 35–40 min from the end of bombardment (EOB). This one‐step simple method is highly useful for the radiochemical synthesis of potential biologically active [ 18 F]‐labeled α‐trifluoromethyl ketones for PET imaging. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymorphic On-Chip Networks (2008)

As the number of cores per die increases, be they processors, memory blocks, or custom accelerators, the on-chip interconnect the cores use to communicate gains importance. We begin this study with an area-performance analysis of the interconnect design space. We find that there is no single network design that yields optimal performance across a range of traffic patterns. This indicates that there is an opportunity to gain performance by customizing the interconnect to a particular application or workload. We propose polymorphic on-chip networks to enable per-application network customization. This network can be configured prior to application runtime, to have the topology and buffering of arbitrary network designs. This paper proposes one such polymorphic network architecture. We demonstrate its modes of configurability, and evaluate the polymorphic network architecture design space, producing polymorphic fabrics that minimize the network area overhead. Finally, we expand the network on chip design space to include a polymorphic network design, showing that a single polymorphic network is capable of implementing all of the pareto optimal fixed-network designs.
A practical methodology for early buffer and wire resource allocation (2003)

As technology scales, interconnect-centric design flows become imperative for achieving timing closure. Preplanning buffers and wires in the layout is critical for such flows. Both buffers and wires must be considered simultaneously, since wire routes determine buffer requirements and buffer locations constrain the wire routes. In contrast to recently proposed buffer-block planning approaches, our novel design methodology distributes a set of buffer sites throughout the design. This allows one to use a tile graph to abstract the buffer planning problem and simultaneously address wire planning. We present a four-stage heuristic called resource allocation for buffer and interconnect distribution for resource allocation that includes a new, efficient technique for buffer insertion using a length-based constraint. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of this approach.
Seeing the Invisible: Scanning Near-Field Ultrasound Holography (SNFUH) for High Resolution Buried Imaging and Pattern Recognition (2007)

Extract Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2007 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, August 5 – August 9, 2007
Paper generators (2014)

We present a new energy harvesting technology that generates electrical energy from a user's interaction with paper-like materials. The energy harvesters are flexible, light, and inexpensive, and they utilize a user's gestures such as tapping, touching, rubbing and sliding to generate electrical energy.
Mitochondrial Fission Factor (MFF) Inhibits Mitochondrial Metabolism and Reduces Breast Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Activity (2020)

Elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism represent key features of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), whose propagation is conducive to disease onset and progression. Therefore, interfering with mitochondria biology and function may be regarded as a useful approach to eradicate CSCs. Here, we used the breast cancer cell line MCF7 as a model system to interrogate how mitochondrial fission contributes to the development of mitochondrial dysfunction toward the inhibition of metabolic flux and stemness. We generated an isogenic MCF7 cell line transduced with Mitochondrial Fission Factor (MCF7-MFF), which is primarily involved in mitochondrial fission. We evaluated the biochemical, molecular and functional properties of MCF7-MFF cells, as compared to control MCF7 cells transduced with the empty vector (MCF7-Control). We observed that MFF over-expression reduces both mitochondrial mass and activity, as evaluated using the mitochondrial probes MitroTracker Red and MitoTracker Orange, respectively. The analysis of metabolic flux using the Seahorse XFe96 revealed the inhibition of OXPHOS and glycolysis in MCF7-MFF cells, suggesting that increased mitochondrial fission may impair the biochemical properties of these organelles. Notably, CSCs activity, assessed by 3D-tumorsphere assays, was reduced in MCF7-MFF cells. A similar trend was observed for the activity of ALDH, a well-established marker of stemness. We conclude that enhanced mitochondrial fission may compromise CSCs propagation, through the impairment of mitochondrial function, possibly leading to a quiescent cell phenotype. Unbiased proteomic analysis revealed that proteins involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress-response, fatty acid metabolism and hypoxia signaling are among the most highly up-regulated in MCF7-MFF cells. Of note, integrated analysis of top regulatory networks obtained from unbiased proteomics in MCF7-MFF cells predicts that this cell phenotype activates signaling systems and effectors involved in the inhibition of cell survival and adhesion, together with the activation of specific breast cancer cell death programs. Overall, our study shows that unbalanced and abnormal activation of mitochondrial fission may drive the impairment of mitochondrial metabolic function, leading to inhibition of CSC propagation, and the activation of quiescence programs. Exploiting the potential of mitochondria to control pivotal events in tumor biology may, therefore, represent a useful tool to prevent disease progression.
Noncoherent least squares estimators of carrier phase and amplitude (2013)

We consider least squares estimators of carrier phase and amplitude from a noisy communications signal. We focus on signaling constellations that have symbols evenly distributed on the complex unit circle, i.e., M-ary phase shift keying. We show, under reasonably mild conditions on the distribution of the noise, that the least squares estimator of carrier phase is strongly consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. However, the amplitude estimator is not consistent, but converges to a positive real number that is a function of the true carrier amplitude, the noise distribution and the size of the constellation. The results of Monte Carlo simulations are provided and these corroborate the theoretical results.
Quantification of the Roles of Trabecular Microarchitecture and Trabecular Type in Determining the Elastic Modulus of Human Trabecular Bone (2006)

These results quantitatively show that the microarchitecture alone affects elastic moduli of trabecular bone and trabecular plates make a far greater contribution than rods to the bone's elastic behavior.
Eculizumab Therapy in Children with Severe Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation–Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy (2013)

We recently observed that dysregulation of the complement system may be involved in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA). These findings suggest that the complement inhibitor eculizumab could be a therapeutic option for this severe HSCT complication with high mortality. However, the efficacy of eculizumab in children with HSCT-TMA and its dosing requirements are not known. We treated 6 children with severe HSCT-TMA using eculizumab and adjusted the dose to achieve a therapeutic level >99 μg/mL. HSCT-TMA resolved over time in 4 of 6 children after achieving therapeutic eculizumab levels and complete complement blockade, as measured by low total hemolytic complement activity (CH50). To achieve therapeutic drug levels and a clinical response, children with HSCT-TMA required higher doses or more frequent eculizumab infusions than currently recommended for children with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Two critically ill patients failed to reach therapeutic eculizumab levels, even after dose escalation, and subsequently died. Our data indicate that eculizumab may be a therapeutic option for HSCT-TMA, but HSCT patients appear to require higher medication dosing than recommended for other conditions. We also observed that a CH50 level ≤ 4 complement activity enzyme units correlated with therapeutic eculizumab levels and clinical response, and therefore CH50 may be useful to guide eculizumab dosing in HSCT patients as drug level monitoring is not readily available.
A differential thermal wattmeter for the AC/DC transfer of power (1976)

A differential thermal wattmeter for the ac/dc transfer of power is described. A differential multijunction thermal converter is used as a “sum and difference” multiplier, with both ac and dc voltage and current signals simultaneously applied to both heaters. Dc feedback to the current input speeds up the response and maintains thermal balance between the heaters, so that the output meter becomes a null indicator. This mode of operation reduces and can eliminate the need for quadratic response. The requirement for exact matching of the thermal converters is also eliminated by effective interchange of the heaters. The converter heaters are protected against burnout, and crest factors of 4 in the ac current or voltage signals are permissible without degradation of the accuracy. Maximum meter sensitivity is 100 ppm of nominal power for full deflection, with a resolution of better than 20 ppm, and a linear scale. The instrument is designed for use at power frequencies of 50–1000 Hz, with ac/dc transfer errors of less than 30 ppm over this range. The wattmeter can be used up to 20 kHz with reduced accuracy.
Impedance matching through a single passive fractional element (2012)

For the first time, a generalized admittance Smith chart theory is introduced to represent fractional order circuit elements. The principles of fractional order matching circuits are described. We show that for fractional order α <; 1, a single parallel fractional element can match a wider range of load impedances as compared to its series counterpart. Several matching examples demonstrate the versatility of fractional order series and parallel element matching as compared to the conventional approach.
Heparin-Chitosan Complexes Stimulate Wound Healing in Human Skin (1997)

The effect of heparin ionically linked to chitosan on the stimulation of re-epithelialisation of full thickness wounds in human skin was investigated in an in vitro model. After seven days of incubation, heparin-chitosan gel stimulated 9/10 of the full thickness wounds to re-epithelialise compared with only 3/10 of the wounds that were covered with chitosan gel or membrane, and none of the wounds incubated without gel or membrane or with heparin solution alone. Both dermal and epidermal cells were viable after the incubation time. Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of the heparin-chitosan complexes depended on the concentration of heparin in the complex. We hypothesise that these effects are caused by stabilisation and activation of growth factors that bind to immobilised heparin.
Vapor deposition of diamond and its deposition process. (1987)

The earliest substantial experimental work to grow diamond from gaseous phase at low pressure was disclosed by Eversole of UCC in 1962 and independently by Russian team of Derjaguin. Recently, the diamond film and particles with well-define habites were synthesized by Spitsyn and his co-warkers by the chemical transport process in a close system, but experimental details have not been reported.Independently, we have shown that the growth of diamond was feasible by hot filament assisted CVD and micro-wave plasma assisted CVD process in a gas flow system.The problems actually encountered at the diamond CVD are how to accelate thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon and how to limit the deposition of non-diamond carbon except diamond at the temperature below 1100 C. In order to satisfy these condition, it is necessary to introduce higher concentration of atomic hydrogen than equilibrium concentration related to thermal dissociation of hydrogen gas.In this paper, our experimental work to grow the diamond from gaseous phase and also the deposition process associated with atomic hydrogen are reported.
Regioselective ring‐opening polymerizations and hydrosilations catalyzed by transition metals (1992)

Abstract Organometallic rhodium complexes were found to be catalysts for the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides and other heterocyclic compounds. A cocatalyst, consisting of a compound or polymer containing silicon‐hydrogen bonds is also required. These same catalyst‐cocatalyst mixtures are also highly active for hydrosilation reactions. Rhodium phosphine complexes have been discovered which, while active for hydrosilation, are not catalysts for epoxide polymerizations. These rhodium phosphine complexes permit the synthesis of epoxy‐functional silanes and siloxanes in high yields without competing ring‐opening polymerization.
First Demonstration of Electrically Driven 1.55 µm Single-Photon Generator (2008)

We succeeded in demonstrating single-photon generation from a single InAs quantum dot (QD) at a 1.55 µm band by current injection. A p–i–n light-emitting diode (LED), which includes a quantum dot layer, was grown on an n-InP substrate and fabricated into a nano scaled mesa structure with electrodes. Electrical pulses of 80 ps width were injected in order to generate excitons in quantum dots. We directly determined the electroluminescence (EL) and radiative lifetime of a single exciton to be 1.59 ns. Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT)-type photon correlation measurements proved the antibunching behavior of exciton recombination in a current-injected quantum dot at a wavelength of 1551.2 nm. These measurements demonstrate that our QD LEDs are sources of triggered single photons in the C-band by current injection.
Polymers with nano‐dimensional surface features enhance bladder smooth muscle cell adhesion (2003)

Previous studies investigating the design of synthetic bladder wall substitutes have involved polymers with micro dimensional structures. Since the body is made up of nano-structured components (e.g., extracellular matrix proteins), the focus of the present in vitro study was to design nano-structured polymers for use as synthetic bladder constructs that mimic the topography of natural bladder tissue. In order to complete this task, novel nano-structured biodegradable polymeric films of poly-lactic-co-glycolic-acid (PLGA), poly-ether-urethane (PU), and poly-caprolactone (PCL) were fabricated and separately treated with various concentrations of NaOH (for PLGA and PCL) and HNO(3) (for PU) for select time periods. These treatments reduced the polymer surface feature dimensions from conventional micron dimensions to biologically inspired nanometer dimensions. Select cytocompatibility properties of these biomaterials were tested in vitro. Results provide the first evidence that adhesion of bladder smooth muscle cells is enhanced as polymer surface feature dimensions are reduced into the nanometer range. In addition, surface analysis results reveal that the polymer nanometer surface roughness is the primary design parameter that increases bladder smooth muscle cell adhesion. For this reason, the "next generation" of tissue-engineered bladder constructs with increased efficacy should contain surfaces with nanometer (as opposed to micron) surface features.
A new design and image processing algorithm for lenticular lens displays (2017)

In this study, a new autostereoscopic 3D display design approach based on our patent specification is proposed and demonstrated. In contrast to common autostereoscopic two-viewdesigns with lenticulars, our approach allows more distance between image splitter and display panel. In comparison to 3D displays showing details at nominal distance, our design projects the images to a near zone in front of the display. As a consequence, the low magnification factor reduces distance errors from relative movements of display panel and image splitter. An image processing algorithm was developed to arrange the content and correct display shortcomings of image allocation caused by optical properties of the lenticulars. In addition, this algorithm allows static adjustment and tracking of observer position in a defined area in front of the display. We integrated the display in a production chain for digitalization and presentation of cultural heritage objects and developed special web-based modules for stereo rendering and user interaction, so that observers may explore cultural content in a natural manner.