gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive decade review and analysis on designs and performance parameters of passive solar still (2015)

The simplest and easily accessible type of solar distillation is passive solar still which utilizes freely and abundantly available sun energy for removal of salinity/impurity from saline/brackish water. The main drawback of passive solar still is its lower efficiency and distillation output. Different designs of passive solar stills are fabricated and tested by various researchers to meet water demand economically. Concave wick basin pyramidal-shaped solar still was observed to produce 4.0 l/m2/day average distillate with a cost of 0.065$/l. Double basin solar still showed an average of 85 % higher yield than single basin still. Stepped type, inclined, tubular, pyramidal, spherical, and hemispherical shapes were considered an efficient designs of passive solar still. Numbers of parameters such as water depth, solar radiation, ambient conditions, condensing cover material, its cooling and direction, internal and external reflectors, sun tracking system, wicks, thermal and energy storage materials were outlined which highly affect the performance of solar still. Water depth of 0.04 m and condensing cover inclination to latitude of the place were observed optimum operational parameters. A distillate output of 4.3 l/m2 was collected with cotton gauge top cover cooling to V-type solar still. Increase of 75 % in productivity and 56 % in daily efficiency was observed with internal reflector stepped solar still. An improvement of 380 % was observed in stepwise basin solar still integrated with sun tracking system. Despite large efforts carried out on passive solar distillation, there are some challenges like bulkiness, high initial cost, and optimization of spacing between condensing cover and water surface of inclined still, thermophysical properties of basin material, flow rate, insulation material and its thickness, which need to be improved to make this technique efficient in practical utilization. This review paper mainly presents the results of previous work carried out on the designs, operational and process parameters affecting distillation, cost analysis, further scope of improvement in preceding work along with their limitations. The decade reviews on solar stills based on different context authored by many researchers have also been summarized. Moreover, this review paper will help the researchers to understand the basics of solar still with the need, developments and challenges in passive solar distillation to improve its thermal performance.
Size-Specific Concentration of DNA to a Nanostructured Tip Using Dielectrophoresis and Capillary Action (2009)

One of the critical challenges in the fields of disease diagnostics and environmental monitoring is to concentrate extracellular DNA from a sample mixture rapidly. Unlike genomic DNA in normal cells, extracellular DNA dissolved in a biological sample can potentially offer crucial information about pathogens and toxins. The current concentration methods, however, are not able to directly concentrate extracellular DNA due to aggressive sample preparation steps. This paper presents a concentration mechanism of extracellular DNA onto a nanostructured tip using dielectrophoresis (DEP) in conjunction with capillary action. DNA immersed in a solution is captured onto a nanotip by two sequential actions: (1) attraction of DNA and other bioparticles in the vicinity of a nanotip by DEP and (2) size-specific capture of DNA onto the nanotip by capillary action. To investigate the size-specific capturing mechanism, an analytical model for the capillary action on a nanotip is presented, which is compared to the experiment for capturing polystyrene nanospheres. This analysis predicts the capture of a spherical particle smaller than 0.39 times a nanotip diameter, whereas our experiment shows that polystyrene spheres smaller than 0.84 times a nanotip diameter are captured. This discrepancy can be caused by the increase of the capturing force due to attractive DEP force. In addition, the diameter of the captured spheres can be increased by other experimental conditions including the tip geometry, the multiple particle interaction, and the contact angles. When a nanotip is used for concentrating lambda-DNA, 6.7 pg/mL (210 aM) of DNA is selectively extracted from a sample mixture containing lambda-DNA and Drosophila cells in one minute. The captured DNA is investigated by fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray analysis. This nanotip-based DNA concentrating method is a rapid and highly sensitive technique to detect extracellular DNA from a sample mixture.
Properties of encapsulated wasabi flavour and its application in canned food (2012)

Summary The encapsulated wasabi flavour prepared from 100% modified starch ( HICAP ™ 100), HICAP ™ 100: maltodextrin (1:1), HICAP ™ 100: CAPSUL (1:1) at various flavouring agent concentrations (10, 15 or 20% w/w) was determined for physicochemical properties. All encapsulated treatments were stored at various relative humidity ( RH ) levels (11%, 33% and 52% RH ) and intervally evaluated for encapsulation efficiency ( EE ) during 60 days of storage. Microcapsules of 20% wasabi flavour derived from the mixture of HICAP ™ 100 with maltodextrin and HICAP ™ 100 with CAPSUL demonstrated excellent properties including low moisture content, acceptable flowing properties, surface appearance and EE . The release rate of encapsulated flavour increased as the RH increased for most encapsulated treatments. A difference‐from‐control test was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of wasabi‐flavour retention added in the canned tuna spread. The intensity of wasabi‐flavour retention in the canned tuna spread with encapsulated flavour agents added was higher than that of the samples without flavour encapsulation.
A scalable hardware render accelerator using a modified scanline algorithm (1992)

article Free Access Share on A scalable hardware render accelerator using a modified scanline algorithm Authors: Michael Kelley Apple Computer, Inc., 20525 Mariani Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014 Apple Computer, Inc., 20525 Mariani Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014View Profile , Stephanie Winner Apple Computer, Inc., 20525 Mariani Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014 Apple Computer, Inc., 20525 Mariani Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014View Profile , Kirk Gould Apple Computer, Inc., 20525 Mariani Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014 Apple Computer, Inc., 20525 Mariani Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 26Issue 2July 1992 pp 241–248https://doi.org/10.1145/142920.134069Online:01 July 1992Publication History 22citation718DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations22Total Downloads718Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Construction and Expression in Tobacco of a β-Glucuronidase (GUS) Reporter Gene Containing an Intron Within the Coding Sequence (1990)

An Intron-GUS reporter gene which contains a modified intron of the castor bean catalase gene within the N-terminal part of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) coding sequence was constructed. The modified 190 bp intron sequence contains a termination codon in the same reading frame as GUS coding sequence near the 3′ splice site so that removal of the intron from the transcript is required for the synthesis of GUS polypeptide. Unlike the original GUS reporter gene, this Intron-GUS reporter gene did not express detectable GUS activity in Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells. However, when the Intron-GUS reporter gene placed downstream of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter (35S-Intron-GUS) was introduced into protoplasts of tobacco suspension-cultured cells by electroporation, expression of GUS activity was observed suggesting splicing of the intron occured in tobacco cells. The 35S-Intron-GUS fusion gene also expressed GUS activity in various organs of transgenic tobacco plants. The level of GUS activity obtained with the 35S-Intron-GUS fusion gene was slightly higher than those obtained with the 35S-GUS fusion gene in both transient expression assay and stable expression in transgenic plants. However, the presence of intron did not alter the pattern of cell-type-dependent expression of the CaMV 35S promoter in various organs. These results indicate that the Intron-GUS reporter gene is useful to monitor the Agrobacterium-mediated transfer and expression of foreign genes in plant cells, and to study the mechanism of intron-splicing in plants.
Academic Plagiarism Detection (2019)

This article summarizes the research on computational methods to detect academic plagiarism by systematically reviewing 239 research papers published between 2013 and 2018. To structure the presentation of the research contributions, we propose novel technically oriented typologies for plagiarism prevention and detection efforts, the forms of academic plagiarism, and computational plagiarism detection methods. We show that academic plagiarism detection is a highly active research field. Over the period we review, the field has seen major advances regarding the automated detection of strongly obfuscated and thus hard-to-identify forms of academic plagiarism. These improvements mainly originate from better semantic text analysis methods, the investigation of non-textual content features, and the application of machine learning. We identify a research gap in the lack of methodologically thorough performance evaluations of plagiarism detection systems. Concluding from our analysis, we see the integration of heterogeneous analysis methods for textual and non-textual content features using machine learning as the most promising area for future research contributions to improve the detection of academic plagiarism further.
One-Bead-One-Compound Library of End-Capped Dipeptides and Deconvolution by Microflow NMR. (2005)

As part of our program to identify novel small molecules with interesting biological activity, we have designed and synthesized a library of end-capped dipeptides with an emphasis on compound diversity, complexity, and membrane permeability. An approximately 1500-member library was synthesized manually on large polystyrene beads using the mix-and-split method. The final compounds were cleaved into 384-well plates to generate individual stock solutions for input into high-throughput biological screens. Individual compounds were decoded using a combination of mass spectrometry and microflow NMR spectroscopy. In principle, this approach to deconvolution obviates the need for complicated binary encoding-decoding strategies for one-bead-one-compound libraries.
Ultrasound-triggered disruption and self-healing of reversibly cross-linked hydrogels for drug delivery and enhanced chemotherapy (2014)

Biological systems are exquisitely sensitive to the location and timing of physiologic cues and drugs. This spatiotemporal sensitivity presents opportunities for developing new therapeutic approaches. Polymer-based delivery systems are used extensively for attaining localized, sustained release of bioactive molecules. However, these devices typically are designed to achieve a constant rate of release. We hypothesized that it would be possible to create digital drug release, which could be accelerated and then switched back off, on demand, by applying ultrasound to disrupt ionically cross-linked hydrogels. We demonstrated that ultrasound does not permanently damage these materials but enables nearly digital release of small molecules, proteins, and condensed oligonucleotides. Parallel in vitro studies demonstrated that the concept of applying temporally short, high-dose "bursts" of drug exposure could be applied to enhance the toxicity of mitoxantrone toward breast cancer cells. We thus used the hydrogel system in vivo to treat xenograft tumors with mitoxantrone, and found that daily ultrasound-stimulated drug release substantially reduced tumor growth compared with sustained drug release alone. This approach of digital drug release likely will be applicable to a broad variety of polymers and bioactive molecules, and is a potentially useful tool for studying how the timing of factor delivery controls cell fate in vivo.
Silicon Nanowire Sensors Enable Diagnosis of Patients <i>via</i> Exhaled Breath (2016)

Two of the biggest challenges in medicine today are the need to detect diseases in a noninvasive manner and to differentiate between patients using a single diagnostic tool. The current study targets these two challenges by developing a molecularly modified silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW FET) and showing its use in the detection and classification of many disease breathprints (lung cancer, gastric cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The fabricated SiNW FETs are characterized and optimized based on a training set that correlate their sensitivity and selectivity toward volatile organic compounds (VOCs) linked with the various disease breathprints. The best sensors obtained in the training set are then examined under real-world clinical conditions, using breath samples from 374 subjects. Analysis of the clinical samples show that the optimized SiNW FETs can detect and discriminate between almost all binary comparisons of the diseases under examination with >80% accuracy. Overall, this approach has the potential to support detection of many diseases in a direct harmless way, which can reassure patients and prevent numerous unpleasant investigations.
Microbore liquid chromatography with flow cell Fourier transform infrared spectrometric detection (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobore liquid chromatography with flow cell Fourier transform infrared spectrometric detectionRobert S. Brown and Larry T. TaylorCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 9, 1492–1497Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00260a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00260a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Encouraging responsible drinking... with a focus on the Northern Territory. (2013)

Alcohol consumption per capita in the Northern Territory is substantially higher, at 13.3 litres than the national figure of 9.02 litres (People's Alcohol Action Coalition 2012 and Department of Health and Ageing 2009a). As well as measures to reduce supply, continued efforts to reduce the demand for alcohol have been implemented, including the use of public awareness campaigns.
Dependence of implanted Se and S profiles on GaAs implantation temperature and crystallinity (1981)

Atom depth distributions of Se implanted into GaAs show that the deep sides of the depth distributions are the result of interstitial diffusion of Se during implantation of crystalline GaAs. The effect saturates at an ion fluence of ∼1014 cm−2 for 25 °C implants and continues uninhibited up to the 1016 cm−2 fluence for 250 °C implantation temperature, implying that the GaAs implantation damage is annealed during implantation at 250 °C. Annealed Se profiles are unchanged for all fluences for both 25 and 250 °C implantation temperatures. Se implants into a self-amorphized GaAs surface yield more abrupt profiles than corresponding ones into crystalline GaAs, further indicating that when crystal channels are absent, implant tails are absent. Sulfur implants into crystalline and amorphized GaAs held at −130, 25, and 250 °C show that S behaves like Se for the unannealed case; the profiles for implants into crystalline GaAs are deeper the higher the substrate temperature during implantation, implying that diffusion or migration occurs during implantation. In contrast to the results for Se, the annealed S profiles redistribute significantly, characterized both by diffusion deeper into the GaAs and by redistribution toward the surface. These redistributions are significantly impeded by either a cold substrate temperature during implantation or by prior amorphization of the GaAs at any implantation temperature.
Calculation of Protein-Ligand Binding Affinities (2007)

Accurate methods of computing the affinity of a small molecule with a protein are needed to speed the discovery of new medications and biological probes. This paper reviews physics-based models of binding, beginning with a summary of the changes in potential energy, solvation energy, and configurational entropy that influence affinity, and a theoretical overview to frame the discussion of specific computational approaches. Important advances are reported in modeling protein-ligand energetics, such as the incorporation of electronic polarization and the use of quantum mechanical methods. Recent calculations suggest that changes in configurational entropy strongly oppose binding and must be included if accurate affinities are to be obtained. The linear interaction energy (LIE) and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) methods are analyzed, as are free energy pathway methods, which show promise and may be ready for more extensive testing. Ultimately, major improvements in modeling accuracy will likely require advances on multiple fronts, as well as continued validation against experiment.
Total Synthesis of Soraphen A<sub>1α</sub> (1995)

From the simple building block D-glucose, soraphen 1 a (R  CH3) and the derivative 1 b (R  H) have been prepared. Compound la is the parent compound of a new class of eighteen-membered macrolides with interesting biological properties. One of the key steps of the total synthesis was the selective methylation of 1 b yielding 1 a.
Growth of silicon nanowires by chemical vapour deposition on gold implanted silicon substrates (2006)

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were synthesized by the vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanism using gold implanted silicon substrates. Implantation of high ion fluences leads to an amorphized silicon layer at the wafer surface. During annealing the Au in the implanted region agglomerates and yields Au droplets at the surface upon recrystallization of the amorphous layer. The structural quality of nanowires grown from implanted substrates is comparable to those grown on wafers with evaporated gold films. This opens up new possibilities for local growth of SiNWs by implanting through masks or using a focused ion beam technique.
Adaptive network coding schemes for satellite communications (2016)

In this paper, we propose two novel physical layer aware adaptive network coding schemes for time variant channels, one aiming to maximize the energy efficiency, the other exploiting also the variable modulation order, in an adaptive way. The proposed schemes have been applied to different satellite communications scenarios with different Round Trip Times (RTT). Compared to adaptive network coding, and classical non-adaptive network coding schemes for time variant channels, used as benchmarks, the proposed schemes demonstrate that adaptation of packet transmission based on the channel variation and corresponding erasures allows for significant gains in terms of throughput, delay and energy efficiency. We shed light on the trade-off between energy efficiency and delay-throughput gains, demonstrating that conservative adaptive approaches that favor less transmission under high erasures, might cause higher delay and less throughput gains in comparison to non-conservative approaches that favor more transmission to account for high erasures.
Molecular Biology of Streptococci (2007)

1. Genetic Transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae : Strategies for Genome Modification 2. Biologically Active Peptides in Streptococci 3. Competence in Streptococcus pneumoniae : What is it for? 4. Structure and Biosynthesis of the Pneumococcal Cell Wall 5. Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides : Biosynthesis and Regulation 6. Pneumococcal Virulence Factors and Adhesion Proteins Targeting the Host 7. Genetic Regulation of Virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae 8. Genome-wide Screening for Essential Genes of Streptococcus pneumoniae : Current Approaches and Future Opportunities 9. Streptococcus pneumoniae : From Colonization and Infection Towards Prevention Strategies 10. Molecular Epidemiology and Mechanisms for Anitbiotic Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae 11. Mechanisms of Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae : Targets, Gene Transfer and Mutations
Two Types of Autoimmune Addisonʼs Disease Associated with Different Polyglandular Autoimmune (PGA) Syndromes (1981)

A review of 295 patients with autoimmune Addison's disease which occurred as part of a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome is presented. Information of 41 cases was obtained from our clinics and from the examination of medical records, while 254 cases were culled from the literature. We report that autoimmune Addison's disease in association with other autoimmune diseases occurs in at least two distinct types. Addison's disease occurring in Type I polyglandular autoimmune disease (PGA) is associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and/or acquired hypoparathyroidism. The age of onset is predominately in childhood or in the early adult years. Type I PGA syndrome is also frequently associated with chronic active hepatitis, malabsorption, juvenile onset pernicious anemia, alopecia and primary hypogonadism. Insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease are infrequent. In contrast, Addison's disease in Type II PGA is associated with insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease(s). Although the age of onset of Addison's disease in Type II PGA syndrome is not confined to any age group or any specific sex, it occurs predominately in the middle years of life in females. The associated autoimmune diseases found in Type I disease, such as chronic active hepatitis, etc. (see table II) are rare in Type II PGA disease except for a low frequency of gonadal failure. We provide evidence to support the concept that the Addison's diseases in Type I and II PGA syndromes have different genetic bases, as related to HLA haplotypes, and possibly have different underlying pathogeneses.
Vertically Oriented Graphene Bridging Active‐Layer/Current‐Collector Interface for Ultrahigh Rate Supercapacitors (2013)

Dense networks of graphene nanosheets standing vertically on a current collector can work as numerous electrically conductive bridges to facilitate charge transport and mitigate the constriction/spreading resistance at the interface between the active material and the current collector. The vertically oriented graphene-bridged supercapacitors present excellent rate and power capabilities.
日剧《Legal High》：这世界能容忍天才没节操，但不许蠢货讨人嫌 (2014)

伪善就像假钞，不仅毫无用处，还是个祸害。绝大多数伪善者都认为自己只有善，没有伪，因为他们坚信，只要目的是出于善意，过程和结果也一定是正确的。日剧《LegalHigh》集中展览了一系列的伪善命题：你以为强迫年轻人给老人让座是绝对正义，却没想过这年轻人也可能体弱多病。