gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-stoichiometric W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>49−x</sub>S<sub>x</sub>nanowires for wide spectrum photosensors with high internal gain (2014)

This study reports successful synthesis of non-stoichiometric single-crystal W18O49-xSx nanowires for photosensors with a high absorption rate (>83%) across a wide spectrum (300-2000 nm), a high internal gain (G = 10(6)-10(7)) and a relatively fast response time (approximately 1-3 s). In addition, the correlation between the photoconductivity gain (G) and the surface-to-volume ratio of non-stoichiometric single-crystal W18O49-xSx nanowires was studied. The surface-to-volume ratio and non-stoichiometric material of W18O49-xSx contributed to the photoconductivity gain; hence, the nanowires are favorable for photosensor devices. The wide spectrum obtained also suggests their extensive applications in numerous fields.
Ultrafast switching dynamics of Mach-Zehnder interferometer switches (2001)

We present results of cross-gain and cross-phase modulation experiments on InGaAsP-based semiconductor optical amplifiers and Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches. For 150-fs input pulses, we observe strong spectral and pulse shape distortions of the signal pulse, especially in the pulse overlap regime. These pulse deteriorations are induced by subpicosecond gain and refractive index nonlinearities. In consequence, the ON-OFF ratio of the MZI switch is drastically reduced for subpicosecond switching windows. In the copropagation arrangement, the switching window with maximum transmission is shown to be limited to about 1.5 ps.
Autosomal dominant inheritance of infantile myofibromatosis (2004)

We present three families with infantile myofibromatosis (IM; OMIM no. 228550) inherited in an autosomal dominant (AD) manner. These three pedigrees prompted re-assessment of pedigrees available within the genetic, oncologic, surgical, and pathologic literature, which suggest autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance. All familial IM may be interpreted as AD or, alternatively, there may be genetic heterogeneity for IM. As most nodules tend to regress spontaneously, familial history may be difficult to obtain and/or confirm. Clinical diagnosis and establishment of inheritance pattern can be important for prognosis and the recognition that other family members may be affected.
A Self-Duty-Cycled and Synchronized UWB Pulse-Radio Receiver SoC With Automatic Threshold-Recovery Based Demodulation (2014)

A fully self-duty-cycled and synchronized UWB pulse-radio receiver SoC targeted at low-data-rate communication is presented. The receiver uses pulse-radio UWB in the 3.6–5 GHz band to achieve a high energy efficiency. The proposed architecture employs a a demodulator with an automatic analog threshold-recovery and an all-digital clock-and-data-recovery synchronizer. The SoC synchronizes with the incoming pulse stream from the transmitter and duty-cycles itself. The SoC prototype achieves a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex> </formula> 79.5 dBm, 1 Mbps-normalized sensitivity for a mere 375 pJ/bit of power consumption in 65 nm LP CMOS, with aggressive duty-cycling ( <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\approx $</tex></formula> 30 ns ON times) combined with bias circuit duty-cycling. The SoC is fully integrated to achieve RF-in to bit-out operation and can interface with off-chip, low speed digital components.
Content based image retrieval from chest radiography databases (2009)

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has the potential to provide medical doctors with a powerful resource to help make accurate diagnosis. The main goal of CBIR is to efficiently retrieve images that are visually similar to a query image. In this paper we focus on CBIR from chest x-ray image databases. We describe a novel approach for extraction of region of interest (ROI), which is a bounding box of lung fields. The region is achieved by 3×3 key points based on density distribution of the chest x-ray image. Then we propose an elastic reformation registration algorithm based on the control points. A multi-dimensional feature space is used to represent the image content, including texture, edge, and descriptors based on filtering. Experiments results demonstrate that our approach can retrieve visually similar images effectively and increase the diagnostic accuracy.
Intra-articular Hip Injections Prior to Total Hip Arthroplasty: Infection and Cost-Related Associations (2022)

Intra-articular injections prior to total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been associated with postoperative infections. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a temporal relationship exists between hip injections prior to THA and infection. Specifically, we asked (1) Do patients who receive hip injections within 3 months of THA have a higher incidence of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) or surgical site infections (SSIs)? and (2) Do these patients incur higher 90-day costs? Patients with hip injections prior to THA were identified using a national database from 2010 to 2019. Three laterality-specific groups (injection 0 to 3 months, 3 to 6 months, and 6 to 12 months prior to THA)were compared with a matched cohort without prior injection (n=277,841). Primary outcomes included PJIs, SSIs, and costs. Patients who had injections within 3 months of THA had a higher incidence of PJIs at 90 days (5.1% vs 1.6%, <i>P</i><.01) and 1 year (6.8% vs 2.1%, <i>P</i><.01), when compared with the matched cohort. They also had a higher incidence of SSIs at 90 days (2.8% vs 1.2%, <i>P</i><.01) and 1 year (3.7% vs 1.7%, <i>P</i><.01). Mean costs were 13.7% higher in this injection cohort. Patients who had injections between 3 and 6 months prior to THA had higher incidence and odds of postoperative PJIs at 90 days (2.6% vs 1.6%, <i>P</i><.04), whereas those with injections beyond 6 months had no differences in PJIs (<i>P</i>≥.46). Patients who receive hip injections within 3 months of undergoing primary THA are at increased risk for postoperative PJIs, SSIs, and higher costs. This study reaffirms guidelines for when to perform THAs in these populations. [<i>Orthopedics</i>. 2023;46(1):19-26.].
Flavonoid content in propolis extracts and growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis. (1985)

Thirty eight propolis samples were collected in several regions of SR Croatia differing in climate and vegetation. Amounts of 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone and of 5,7-dihydroxyflavonone were determined chromatographically in individual propolis samples. Concentrations of each constituent were correlated with the growth inhibitions of Bacillus subtilis (IP-5832).
Effect of nano‐composite and Thyme oil (Tymus Vulgaris L) coating on fruit quality of sweet cherry (Takdaneh Cv) during storage period (2015)

Sweet cherry is one of the most appreciated fruit by consumers since it is an early season fruit and has an excellent quality. In this study effect of active nano composite formed from chitosan (as a matrix material), nano cellulose fiber (1% concentration) and Thyme oils (Tymus Vulgaris L) at 1% concentration on fruits quality was investigated. Treated fruits were stored at 1°C for 5 weeks and changes of different qualities attributes including weight loss, total acidity, TSS, anthocyanin, total sugar and malic acid content (by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method) were measured each week. Results showed that nano composite and Thyme oil significantly affect fruit's water retention and so decrease fruit weight loss and preserve anthocyanin (P < 0.05). None of applied treatments had any significant effects in comparison with control in regard to acidity while total sugar content and TSS significantly affected by treatment compared to control samples. Result of HPLC analysis showed that there was no significant difference between different treatment and control sample in term of malic acid concentrations during storage period but increase storage time lead to increase malic acid concentration in all treatments. For conclusion it can be Saied that fruits coating with nano-composite, lead to increase fruit shelf life, better appearance and prevents fungal growth that may be due to creation of an active packaging by these compounds.
Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Junctions for Nano-Electronics and Sensors (2006)

Using a Fe-containing diblock copolymer as the catalyst, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been grown on Si/SiO2 substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Atomic force microscopic image of the grown samples exhibit interesting junction architectures in the form of T, Y, and X of small-diameter (∼ 2nm) SWNT bundles. Two-and Two-and Two-and three-terminal measurements on back-gate field effect transistors (FET) fabricated using the CVD grown junctions show interesting pristine metallic behavior and diode-like properties after burning multiple metallic contributing nanotubes.
Understanding Microbial Divisions of Labor (2016)

Divisions of labor are ubiquitous in nature and can be found at nearly every level of biological organization, from the individuals of a shared society to the cells of a single multicellular organism. Many different types of microbes have also evolved a division of labor among its colony members. Here we review several examples of microbial divisions of labor, including cases from both multicellular and unicellular microbes. We first discuss evolutionary arguments, derived from kin selection, that allow divisions of labor to be maintained in the face of non-cooperative cheater cells. Next we examine the widespread natural variation within species in their expression of divisions of labor and compare this to the idea of optimal caste ratios in social insects. We highlight gaps in our understanding of microbial caste ratios and argue for a shift in emphasis from understanding the maintenance of divisions of labor, generally, to instead focusing on its specific ecological benefits for microbial genotypes and colonies. Thus, in addition to the canonical divisions of labor between, e.g., reproductive and vegetative tasks, we may also anticipate divisions of labor to evolve to reduce the costly production of secondary metabolites or secreted enzymes, ideas we consider in the context of streptomycetes. The study of microbial divisions of labor offers opportunities for new experimental and molecular insights across both well-studied and novel model systems.
Position-normalized click prediction in search advertising (2012)

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction plays a central role in search advertising. One needs CTR estimates unbiased by positional effect in order for ad ranking, allocation, and pricing to be based upon ad relevance or quality in terms of click propensity. However, the observed click-through data has been confounded by positional bias, that is, users tend to click more on ads shown in higher positions than lower ones, regardless of the ad relevance. We describe a probabilistic factor model as a general principled approach to studying these exogenous and often overwhelming phenomena. The model is simple and linear in nature, while empirically justified by the advertising domain. Our experimental results with artificial and real-world sponsored search data show the soundness of the underlying model assumption, which in turn yields superior prediction accuracy.
Cassette Vectors for Conversion of Fab Fragments into Full-length Human IgG <sub>1</sub> Monoclonal Antibodies by Expression in Stably Transformed Insect Cells (2003)

Phage display technology allows for the production and rapid selection of antigen-specific, Fab antibody fragments. For purposes of immune therapy, though, complete antibodies that retain the Fc domain are often required. In this regard, we designed cassette vectors for converting human Fab fragments selected from combinatorial phage display libraries into full-length IgG(1) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Two expression vectors, pIEI-Light and pIEI-Heavy, were engineered to contain respective light- and heavy-chain human signal sequences downstream of the baculovirus immediate early gene promoter, IEI. Vector pIEI-Heavy also contains the coding region for each of the human IgG(1) constant domains. To generate complete antibody genes, the cassette vectors possess convenient restriction enzyme sites for rapid in-frame cloning of coding regions for full-length light chains in pIEI-Light and for the heavy-chain variable domains in pIEI-Heavy of Fab fragments. Using these constructs and a method that allows for stable transformation of insect cells, complete light- and heavy-chain genes can be inserted into the insect cell genome and subsequently expressed under the control of the baculovirus IEI promoter. This cassette vector system was used to generate stably transformed insect cells that continuously secreted functional full-length, IgG(1) MAbs. The expressed antibodies exhibited light and heavy chains of the appropriate molecular sizes and retained the ability to bind antigen. We conclude that our cassette vectors could serve as valuable tools for generating human IgG(1) antibodies.
Temporally distinct neural coding of perceptual similarity and prototype bias (2010)

Psychological models suggest that perceptual similarity can be divided into geometric effects, such as metric distance in stimulus space, and non-geometric effects, such as stimulus-specific biases. We investigated the neural and temporal separability of these effects in a carry-over, event-related potential (ERP) study of facial similarity. By testing this dual effects model against a temporal framework of visual evoked components, we demonstrate that the behavioral distinction between geometric and non-geometric similarity effects is consistent with dissociable neural responses across the time course of face perception. We find an ERP component between the "face-selective" N170 and N250 responses (the "P200") that is modulated by transitions of face appearance, consistent with neural adaptation to the geometric similarity of face transitions. In contrast, the N170 and N250 reflect non-geometric stimulus bias, with different degrees of neural adaptation dependent upon the direction of transition within the stimulus space. These results suggest that the neural coding of perceptual similarity, in terms of both geometric and non-geometric representations, occurs rapidly and from relatively early in the perceptual processing stream.
Antitrust and payment technologies: commentary (1995)

Antitrust law; Payment systems
Quantum Yields and Quantitative Spectra of Firefly Bioluminescence with Various Bivalent Metal Ions (2011)

We measured quantitative spectra of firefly (Photinus pyralis) bioluminescence in the presence of Zn(2+) and other bivalent metal ions to investigate the effects of these metal ions on luciferin-luciferase reaction. We studied the dependence of the quantum yield and spectrum on quantity and kind of bivalent metal ions. Adding various amounts of Mg(2+), Mn(2+) and Ca(2+) produced virtually no change in the quantum yields or the spectra of bioluminescence. In contrast, increasing amounts of ions such as Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) decreased quantum yields and changed the bioluminescence color from yellow-green to red. Quantitative analysis showed that the sensitivities of the quantum yield and color to various metal ions were in the order of Hg(2+) >Zn(2+), Cd(2+) >Ni(2+), Co(2+), Fe(2+) ≫Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Ca(2+). We propose that the changes in quantum yield and spectrum caused by the metal ions are due to their effect on luciferase that surrounds oxyluciferin during its radioactive decay. We also found that having more metal ions accelerated bioluminescence reactions. The sensitivity of the reaction rate had no correlation with those of the quantum yield and spectrum.
Data havens, or privacy sans frontières? (2014)

The web routinely spreads personal data from one jurisdiction to another, where levels of legal protection over such data vary. This raises the potential for some jurisdictions to become "data havens" specialising in either strong protection of data, or allowing its unrestricted use [5],[3]. In order to promote interoperability and harmonisation, some jurisdictions with similar levels of protection may approve each other's data protection regimes, lifting restrictions on international transfers. This article presents a quantitative analysis of over 16,000 international data transfer arrangements made by UK or-ganisations in 2013. Our findings support the hypothesis that one jurisdictions' approval of another's data protection regime is associated with more data transfer arrangements between them. We conclude with implications for the futureof cross-border data transfers and the prospect of "personal data havens".
An improved DFA for fast regular expression matching (2008)

Modern network devices need to perform deep packet inspection at high speed for security and application-specific services. Finite Automata (FAs) are used to implement regular expressions matching, but they require a large amount of memory. Many recent works have proposed improvements to address this issue. This paper presents a new representation for deterministic finite automata (orthogonal to previous solutions), called Delta Finite Automata (δFA), which considerably reduces states and transitions and requires a transition per character only, thus allowing fast matching. Moreover, a new state encoding scheme is proposed and the comprehensive algorithm is tested for use in the packet classification area.
Inducing goat pluripotent stem cells with four transcription factor mRNAs that activate endogenous promoters (2017)

We successfully generated goat iPSCs by transfection of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc mRNAs into GEFs, which initiated the endogenous reprogramming network and altered the methylation status of pluripotent genes. Core promoter regions and functional transcription binding sites of the four reprogramming genes were identified. Epigenetic regulation was revealed to participate in mRNA induced iPSCs formation. Our study provides a safe and efficient approach for goat. iPSCs generation.
Light field image coding with hybrid scan order (2016)

A Light field image contains shear amount of data as it keeps the full spatio-angular information of the real scene. In this paper we propose a light field image coding scheme based on the latest JEM coding technologies. We propose a novel hybrid scan order to rearrange subaperture images into an image sequence and verify its importance to coding performance of light field image format. The experiment on EPFL light field image dataset demonstrates that our scheme achieves 7.06 dB gain compared with directly encoding the image by the JPEG standard. With the QP set to 50, our scheme achieves an average compression ratio of 7107, and still provides larger PSNRs and better viewing experience than JPEG at a compression ratio of 100.
The effect of nitrogen incorporation into the gate oxide by using shallow implantation of nitrogen and drive-in process (1998)

The effect of nitrogen incorporation into the gate oxide by using shallow implantation of nitrogen, followed by drive-in annealing has been investigated. It is found that nitrogen distributed in the polysilicon and polysilicon/SiO/sub 2/ can retard the diffusivity of boron in the polysilicon, and hence suppress the boron from reaching the bulk oxide and improve the charge to breakdown (Q/sub BD/). However, too much incorporation of nitrogen during implantation or drive-in process might degrade the Q/sub BD/, which is probably related to the nitrogen which is doubly bonded to Si atoms in the bulk oxide, with the remaining bond being a hydrogen or dangling bond. It is also found that furnace annealing and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) give different drive-in effect on as-implanted nitrogen, and therefore the gate oxide integrity.
Comparison of the proteomes of three yeast wild type strains: CEN.PK2, FY1679 and W303 (2001)

Yeast deletion strains created during gene function analysis projects very often show drastic phenotypic differences depending on the genetic background used. These results indicate the existence of important molecular differences between the CEN.PK2, FY1679 and W303 wild type strains. To characterise these differences we have compared the protein expression levels between CEN.PK2, FY1679 and W303 strains using twodimensional gel electrophoresis and identified selected proteins by mass spectrometric analysis. We have found that FY1679 and W303 strains are more similar to each other than to the CEN.PK2 strain. This study identifies 62 proteins that are differentially expressed between the strains and provides a valuable source of data for the interpretation of yeast mutant phenotypes observed in CEN.PK2, FY1679 and W303 strains.
'Good to use for virtual consultation time': Second Life activities for and beyond the technical and web-based English writing classroom (2012)

Author name used in this manuscript: Dean A. F. Gui
Ultrasound/Magnetic Targeting with SPIO-DOX-Microbubble Complex for Image-Guided Drug Delivery in Brain Tumors (2016)

One of the greatest challenges in the deployment of chemotherapeutic drugs against brain tumors is ensuring that sufficient drug concentrations reach the tumor, while minimizing drug accumulation at undesired sites. Recently, injection of therapeutic agents following blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening by focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles (MBs) has been shown to enhance drug delivery in targeted brain regions. Nevertheless, the distribution and quantitative deposition of agents delivered to the brain are still hard to estimate. Based on our previous work on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-loaded MBs, we present a novel theranostic complex of SPIO-Doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated MB (SD-MB) for drug delivery to the brain. Magnetic labeling of the drug enables direct visualization via magnetic resonance imaging, and also facilitates magnetic targeting (MT) to actively enhance targeted deposition of the drug. In a rat glioma model, we demonstrated that FUS sonication can be used with SD-MBs to simultaneously facilitate BBB opening and allow dual ultrasound/magnetic targeting of chemotherapeutic agent (DOX) delivery. The accumulation of SD complex within brain tumors can be significantly enhanced by MT (25.7 fold of DOX, 7.6 fold of SPIO). The change in relaxation rate R2 (1/T2) within tumors was highly correlated with SD deposition as quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (R(2) = 0.93) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (R(2) = 0.94), demonstrating real-time monitoring of DOX distribution. Our results suggest that SD-MBs can serve as multifunction agents to achieve advanced molecular theranostics.