gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orphan receptor HNF-4 and liver-specific gene expression. (1993)

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4), found in liver, kidney, and intestine, is a potent transcriptional activator that controls the expression of a wide variety of genes, including those involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, glucose metabolism, urea biosynthesis, blood coagulation, hepatitis B infections, and liver differentiation. HNF-4 is also a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily and has been highly conserved throughout evolution, suggesting that it might respond to an as yet unidentified ligand. In this presentation, some of the current findings regarding the role of HNF-4 in liver-specific gene expression are reviewed.
Retarder Stack Technology for Color Manipulation (1999)

Abstract A technology for manipulating color is presented which utilizes polarization, rather than thin‐film interference or absorption effects. Retarder stack technology produces high performance filtering, color separation/combining, and chromatic polarization control operations. These structures are light efficient and provide saturated colors when used in sequential and subtractive (stacked‐panel) display modes.
Influence of iron on the extraction of vanadium from oil ashes (1984)

The disposal of large amounts of ashes derived from the combustion of oil in power stations poses serious environmental problems. However, the relatively high content of useful metals in the ashes provides an incentive to develop processes for their recovery. The influence of iron on the alkali extraction of vanadium has been investigated by following, using Mössbauer spectroscopy, the physico-chemical changes in iron samples originating from power plants located in Sicily.The extraction yield is influenced by factors such as the dimensions and morphology of the particles and the occlusion of vanadium in alkali-resistant particles (both related to firing conditions), together with the presence of vanadium in the tetravalent state. Formation of iron vanadates as a limiting factor of vanadium solubility under alkaline leaching is not supported by experimental evidence.
A new application of the traditional Fenton process to gold cyanide synthesis using acetonitrile as a cyanide source (2016)

We introduced a general Fenton-reaction synthesis of metal cyanide solids using acetonitrile as a green cyanide source. This Fenton-improved cyanation method gets rid of CN<sup>−</sup> ions and UV-light efficiently, which is green and facile.
System Characterization and Plasma-Particle Distribution Analysis for Development of a Closed Loop Control for Plasma Spray (2000)

Abstract This paper investigates the need to develop an advanced control system for plasma spray deposition. The limitations and performance capability of both feed forward and real-time control are evaluated. Critical system characteristics for developing such controllers are experimentally identified including dominant nonlinearalities; dynamics, cross-coupling, distributions, and sensor issues.
Spatio-temporal tunable pixels for multi-spectral infrared imagers (2013)

In this paper, a new 96 × 96 30 μm pitch mixed-signal readout integrated circuit (ROIC) with a pixel-level tunable bias control is demonstrated. The new ROIC is capable of providing a large bias voltage in both polarities on each individual pixel, independently. These enhanced functionalities are achieved by modifying a capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) CMOS ROIC architecture. In addition to the VLSI development, an FPGA-based testbench has been developed to test and characterize the new ROIC system. The unit cell consists of the CTIA integrator, two analog memories, one address selector, and one reference recover switch, built with 15 transistors and 3 capacitors. The test chip has been fabricated in 2P4M 0.35 μm high-voltage CMOS technology, where the bias voltage range is +/-5V and the output voltage swing is +/-3.9 V.
New method for determining heats of combustion of gaseous hydrocarbons (1985)

As a spin off of a system developed for monitoring and controlling the oxygen concentration in the Langley 8-foot High Temperature Tunnel, a highly accurate on-line technique was developed for determining heats of combustion of natural gas samples. It is based on measuring the ratio m/n, where m is the (volumetric) flowrate of oxygen required to enrich the carrier air in which the test gas flowing at the rate n is burned, such that the mole fraction of oxygen in the combustion product gases equals that in the carrier air. The m/n ratio is directly related to the heats of combustion of the saturated hydrocarbons present in the natural gas. A measurement of the m/n ratio for the test gas can provide a direct means of determination of its heat of combustion by using the calibration graph relating the m/n values for pure saturated hydrocarbons with their heats of combustion. The accuracy of the technique is determine solely by the accuracy with which the flowrates m and n can be measured and is of the order of 2 percent in the present study. The theoretical principles and experimental results are discussed.
Integrated two-stage liquefaction process (ITSL) for the liquefaction of eastern bituminous coals. [Illinois No. 6 and Indiana V] (1982)

Results of process development units have demonstrated that the integrated two stage liquefaction process is capable of achieving both greater yields of distillate products and higher product quality than other direct liquefaction processes. Illinois No. 6 and Indiana V exhibited minor differences in reactivity in the short contact time reaction (SCT) while Illinois No. 6 is a more reactive feed to the LC-Finer. The effect of the recycle solvent on the SCT reaction and hydrogen consumption efficiency for the overall process have been confirmed from material and elemental balances around each unit. The recycle solvent contributes to the SCT reaction by donating hydrogen which is replenished in the LC-Finding stage. Hydroliquefaction of coal by the efficient transfer of hydrogen enables the SCT reaction to be run at relatively mild conditions, minimizing external gas consumption and the yield of undesirable thermal products. By shifting nearly all of the distillate production to a lower temperature, catalytic LC-Fining reaction, overall gas yields are minimized and distillate yields are maximized, resulting in a hydrogen utilization efficiency which is close to the theoretical maximum. 9 figures, 16 tables.
Trojan Scanner: Detecting Hardware Trojans with Rapid SEM Imaging Combined with Image Processing and Machine Learning (2018)

Abstract Hardware Trojans are malicious changes to the design of integrated circuits (ICs) at different stages of the design and fabrication processes. Different approaches have been developed to detect Trojans namely non-destructive (electrical tests like run-time monitoring, functional and structural tests) and destructive (full chip reverse engineering). However, these methods cannot detect all types of Trojans and they suffer from a number of disadvantages such as slow speed of detection and lack of confidence in detecting all types of Trojans. Majority of hardware Trojans implemented in an IC will leave a footprint at the doping (active) layer. In this paper, we introduce a new version of our previously developed “Trojan Scanner” [1] framework for the untrusted foundry threat model, where a trusted GDSII layout (golden layout) is available. Advanced computer vision algorithms in combination with the supervised machine-learning model are used to classify different features of the golden layout and SEM images from an IC under authentication, as a unique descriptor for each type of gates. These descriptors are compared with each other to detect any subtle changes on the active region, which can raise the flag for the existence of a potential hardware Trojan. The descriptors can differentiate variation due to fabrication process, defects, and common SEM image distortions to rule out the possibility of false detection. Our results demonstrate that Trojan Scanner is more reliable than electrical testing and faster than full chip reverse engineering. Trojan Scanner does not rely on the functionality of the circuit rather focuses on the real physical structure to detect malicious changes inserted by the untrusted foundry.
Application of X-Ray Optics to Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (1998)

Abstract The application of x-ray optics for focusing x-rays into high intensity spots or for collimation of x-ray beams has been reported by several authors. Example applications for x-ray optics include microfluorescence, microdiffraction, tomography and lithography, and WDS. Kirkland et al. pointed out that the use of an optic, in a collimating configuration could provide enhanced detection sensitivity in wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. In these proceedings last year, Agnello et al. presented data from a new WDS device specifically designed to use a grazing incidence collimating x-ray optic that confirmed and extended the work of Kirkland. A few studies have appeared reporting the use X-ray optics in applications using EDS. Focusing x-ray optics have been used on both the excitation and detection side of EDS systems. In a series of papers, Carpenter and his collaborators describe an x-ray microprobe which uses capillary optics to provide an intense convergent beam of x-rays from a microfocus x-ray tube to excite the sample for x-ray microfluorescence studies. Wollman et al.
Message-Driven Processor Architecture, Version 11 (1988)

The Message-Driven Processor is a node of a large-scale multiprocessor being developed by the Concurrent VLSI Architecture Group. It is intended to support fine-grained, message passing, parallel computation. It contains several novel architectural features, such as a low-latency network interface, extensive type-checking hardware, and on-chip memory that can be used as an associative lookup table. This document is a programmer''s guide to the MDP. It describes the processor''s register architecture, instruction set, and the data types supported by the processor. It also details the MDP''s message sending and exception handling facilities.
Naltrexone at low doses (LDN) and its relevance to cancer therapy (2022)

Considering the increase in the number of anecdotal reports of activity, there will likely be a bigger drive toward using LDN in the oncological setting. These reports support clinical trials of LDN in cancer, especially when given in combination with certain chemotherapy.
Enhanced Subspace Distribution Matching for Fast Visual Domain Adaptation (2020)

In computer vision, when labeled images of the target domain are highly insufficient, it is challenging to build an accurate classifier. Domain adaptation stands for an effective solution to address it by utilizing available and related source domain which has sufficient labeled images, even when there is a substantial difference in properties and distributions of these two domains. Yet, most prior approaches merely reduce subspace conditional or marginal distribution differences between domains but entirely ignoring label dependence (LD) information of source data in subspace. This article proposes a novel approach of domain adaptation, called enhanced subspace distribution matching (ESDM), which makes good use of label information to enhance the distribution matching between the source and target domains in a shared subspace. It reduces both conditional and marginal distributions in a shared subspace during a procedure of kernel principal dimensionality reduction and also preserves source data LD information to the maximum extent, thereby significantly improving cross domain subspace distribution matching. We also provide a learning algorithm with highly affordable computation, which solves the ESDM optimization problem without using time-consuming iterations. Results confirm that it can well outperform several recent domain adaptation methods on image classification tasks in terms of classification accuracy and running time. The results can be used in social cognition, person reidentification, and human-machine interactions.
Meeting the Environmental Challange: A New Acid Corrosion Inhibitor for the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea (2006)

Abstract The rigorous environmental regulations of the North Sea oil and gas fields have required fundamental changes in the way service companies acidize wells. Traditionally, acid corrosion inhibitors have been some of the most toxic chemicals routinely pumped downhole. This paper describes a new acid corrosion inhibitor (NSACI) that meets the Norwegian environmental "Yellow" specifications for chemicals. This inhibitor functions in both mineral and organic acids and has been successfully used in the larger fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Laboratory data is presented in detail along with field references to explain both the strengths and limitations of this new, environmentally-friendly acid corrosion inhibitor.
Protective Effect of L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylate Treatment of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in Rats (1997)

Under the conditions of this study, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4 carboxylate caused a reduction in the incidence and severity of cyclophosphamide-induced lesions in the urinary bladder of rats. Further studies are needed to investigate optimal dosage scheme, mechanism of action, and interference with anti-tumor activity and prevention of long-term side effects of cyclophosphamide.
4,5-Dihydroxypyrimidine Carboxamides and <i>N</i>-Alkyl-5-hydroxypyrimidinone Carboxamides Are Potent, Selective HIV Integrase Inhibitors with Good Pharmacokinetic Profiles in Preclinical Species (2006)

The dihydroxypyrimidine carboxamide 4a was discovered as a potent and selective HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitor. The optimization of physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, and potency led to the identification of 13 in the dihydroxypyrimidine series and 18 in the N-methylpyrimidinone series having low nanomolar activity in the cellular HIV spread assay in the presence of 50% normal human serum and very good pharmacokinetics in preclinical species.
A LOW-VOLTAGE MICROFLUIDIC VALVE BASED UPON A REVERSIBLE HYDROPHOBICITY EFFECT (2016)

We report a microfluidic valve based on a reversible hydrophobicity effect via the growth and retraction of nonvolatile nano-textured dendritic silver filaments on the surface of a solid electrolyte. A 6 V DC bias grows or dissolves, depending on the polarity, filaments which are tens to hundreds of nanometers in height. The valving function of these nano-filaments, which occurs within approximately 25 sec, was demonstrated by monitoring the fluid flow in a 250 m wide, 25 m deep PDMS-enclosed channel.
Comparison of data-acquisition designs for single-shot edge-illumination X-ray phase-contrast tomography (2019)

Edge-illumination X-ray phase-contrast tomography (EIXPCT) is an emerging technique that enables practical phase-contrast imaging with laboratory-based X-ray sources. A joint reconstruction method was proposed for reconstructing EIXPCT images, enabling novel flexible data-acquisition designs. However, only limited efforts have been devoted to optimizing data-acquisition designs for use with the joint reconstruction method. In this study, several promising designs are introduced, such as the constant aperture position (CAP) strategy and the alternating aperture position (AAP) strategy covering different angular ranges. In computer-simulation studies, these designs are analyzed and compared. Experimental data are employed to test the designs in real-world applications. All candidate designs are also compared for their implementation complexity. The tradeoff between data-acquisition time and image quality is discussed.
Water-based synthesis and processing of novel biodegradable elastomers for medical applications (2014)

Biodegradable elastomers in the form of polyurethane nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized based on the combinations of two hydrolysis-prone polyester diols by a green water-based process. The anionic nature of the polymers successfully rendered polyurethane NPs (30-50 nm) consisting of approximately 200-300 polymer chains. The mechanical properties and degradation rate could be adjusted by the types and ratios of the component oligodiols in the soft segment. We demonstrated the feasibility using these biodegradable NPs as building blocks to generate self-assembled morphologies in nanometric, micrometric, or bulk scale, bearing excellent elasticity and biocompatibility. The elastic NPs and their various assembled forms represent a series of smart biodegradable elastomers with potential medical applications.
Gravitational Gradient of Asphaltene Molecules in an Oilfield Reservoir with Light Oil (2018)

In toluene, asphaltenes are dispersed as molecules at low concentrations, as nanoaggregates at moderate concentrations, and as clusters of nanoaggregates at high concentrations. These three asphaltene species are codified in the Yen–Mullins model. For reservoir crude oils, equilibrated asphaltene gradients can be modeled with the Flory–Huggins–Zuo equation of state (EoS). The gravity term and other terms depend on the particle sizes of the asphaltenes which are given in the Yen–Mullins model; these different asphaltene species (molecular and two nanocolloidal species) have been identified in gravity gradients in various reservoir studies. Here, the asphaltene gradient in a large reservoir is examined and found to be consistent with a molecular dispersion of asphaltenes in the crude oil. A variety of fluid and reservoir properties are evaluated to ensure validity of the analysis, particularly of thermodynamic equilibrium of the reservoir fluid. For crude oil samples throughout the reservoir, downhole fluid analysis (DFA), gas chromatography (GC), and two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) with cubic EoS and geochemical interpretation are consistent with fluid equilibration. Pressure measurement and production results are also consistent with fluid equilibration. This analysis is applicable to other reservoirs; molecular dispersions of asphaltenes are expected for other light oil reservoirs.
Online multicast routing with bandwidth guarantees (2000)

This paper presents a new algorithm for on-line routing of bandwidth-guaranteed multicasts where routing requests arrive one-by-one without there being any a priori knowledge of future requests. A multicast routing request consists of a source s , a set of receivers R , and a bandwidth requirement b . This multicast routing problem arises in many contexts. Two applications of interest are routing of point-to-multipoint label-switched paths in Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) networks, and the provision of bandwidth guaranteed Virtual Private Network (VPN) services under the “hose” service model [17]. Offline multicast routing algorithms cannot be used since they require a priori knowledge of all multicast requests that are to be routed. Instead, on-line algorithms that handle requests arriving one-by-one and that satisfy as many potential future demands as possible are needed. The newly developed algorithm is an on-line algorithm and is based on the idea that a newly routed multicast must follow a route that does not “interfere too much” with network paths that may be critical to satisfy future demands. We develop a multicast tree selection heuristic that is based on the idea of deferred loading of certain “critical” links. These critical links are identified by the algorithm as links that, if heavily loaded, would make it impossible to satisfy future demands between certain ingress-egress pairs. The presented algorithm uses link-state information and some auxilliary capacity information for multicast tree selection and is amenable to distributed implementation. Unlike previous algorithms, the proposed algorithm exploits any available knowledge of the network ingress-egress points of potential future demands even though the demands themselves are unknown and performs very well.
Effective Utilization Technique for Coal Having High Maximum Fluidity and Long Maximum Permeation Distance by Weathering Processing (2019)

In our previous study, it was revealed that high MF coal having longer “maximum permeation distance”, which was developed as a unique thermoplasticity index, forms lower roundness pores and thinner pore-wall structures in coke and that coke strength deteriorated when the coal blend included the longer maximum permeation distance coal. Therefore, techniques for reducing the adverse effects of long maximum permeation distance coal on coke strength are essential so as to utilize the coal more efficiently. Some practical techniques of design and control regarding coal grain size were developed for ameliorating coking property of long maximum permeation distance coal in our previous paper. The techniques are based on the facts that the coke strength deterioration caused by long maximum permeation distance coal in coal blend was suppressed with decreasing the coal size.
Learning to Represent Edits (2018)

We introduce the problem of learning distributed representations of edits. By combining a "neural editor" with an "edit encoder", our models learn to represent the salient information of an edit and can be used to apply edits to new inputs. We experiment on natural language and source code edit data. Our evaluation yields promising results that suggest that our neural network models learn to capture the structure and semantics of edits. We hope that this interesting task and data source will inspire other researchers to work further on this problem.
Attenuating Negative Differential Resistance in an Electroactive Self-Assembled Monolayer-Based Junction (2003)

The negative differential resistance (NDR) peak current observed in redox active self-assembled monolayer-based molecular junctions has been attenuated by controlling the composition of the molecular junction. Two approaches studied here include capping the electroactive ferrocenyl groups with beta-cyclodextrin and functionalizing the scanning tunneling microscope tip used to probe the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with n-alkanethiols of different lengths. These are the first examples of systematic modification of the magnitude of the NDR response in a molecule-based system.
Bilateral movement training with computer games for stroke rehabilitation (2010)

Stroke is the most common cause of complex disability and many patients do not achieve adequate motor recovery of the upper limb with current rehabilitation procedures. Evidence supporting the use of bilateral arm training and virtual reality during stroke rehabilitation has been published. This paper describes two devices developed to use computer games during bilateral arm training. A pilot study of one of the devices showed a mean improvement in the upper limb section of the Fugl Meyer assessment of 4.2 (range 0--10), following a 10 session intervention. Clinician and end-user focus groups determined that the systems were acceptable forms of arm rehabilitation therapies.
Novel sequences of Brachyspira, immunogenic compositions, methods for preparation and use thereof (2008)

Novel polynucleotide and amino acids of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae are described. Thes sequences are useful for diagnosis of B. hyodysenteriae disease in animals and as a therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of B. hyodysenteriae disease in animals. These sequences may also be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of diseases in animals caused by other Brachyspira species.