gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design for electrical performance of wideband multilayer LTCC microstrip-to-stripline transition (2005)

A high impedance compensation technique is proposed to improve the wideband performance of the microstrip-to-stripline transition for multilayer LTCC substrate. A section of high impedance transmission line, which induces additional inductance, is added between the transition and 50 /spl Omega/ transmission line to compensate the capacitance of the transition. In the paper, various lengths and widths of the high impedance transmission line are simulated by HFSS and compared to optimize the electrical performance which achieves a return loss better than 17 dB over a band from DC to 70 GHz.
A pyroelectric vidicon with reticulated target (1980)

Abstract Reticulated targets of deuterated triglycine sulphate have been made by ion beam etching. The use of these targets in the pyroelectric vidicon has resulted in significant improvement in the thermal m.t.f. and M.R.T.
Conversion of sound radiation pattern via gradient acoustic metasurface with space-coiling structure (2015)

We designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated a gradient acoustic metasurface to manipulate sound radiation patterns. The gradient metasurface is constructed on the basis of a coiling-up space in a tunable interdigitated structure, which exhibits relative refractive index in a discretized classic hyperbolic secant profile. Capable of generating secondary sound sources with desired gradient phase shifts, the metasurface shows the ability of controlling sound radiation such as by cylindrical-to-plane-wave conversion, plane wave focusing, and effective tunable acoustic negative refraction. Owing to its deep-subwavelength thickness, the metasurface may reduce the size of acoustic devices and offer potential applications in imaging and scanning systems.
Pain caused by photodynamic therapy of skin cancer (2002)

Pain resulting from photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin cancer was investigated. The study included 69 lesions (60 patients) with different types of skin tumours or precursors. Protoporphyrin IX, which is produced by the topical application of delta-aminolevulinic acid, was used as a photosensitizing agent. Twenty-three of the lesions (19 patients) were examined with a fluorescence imaging system which demarcates the tumour area from the healthy skin and visualizes the contrast between the fluorescence from healthy skin and that from the tumour. EMLA is used on all patients as part of our routine PDT protocol but despite this the major side-effect of PDT is pain during treatment. There is a large variation in pain intensity experienced by the patients, as measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients with actinic keratoses experienced more pain than those with Bowen's disease or basal cell carcinoma. The mean VAS score was higher when treating lesions located on the head than when treating lesions on the torso or the extremities. Also, treatment of large skin areas resulted in more pain than treatment of small areas, and men experienced more pain than women. The pain experienced by the patients did not correlate with treatment dose, Fitzpatrick skin type, age or fluorescence intensity.
A localized prediction model for statistical machine translation (2005)

In this paper, we present a novel training method for a localized phrase-based prediction model for statistical machine translation (SMT). The model predicts blocks with orientation to handle local phrase re-ordering. We use a maximum likelihood criterion to train a log-linear block bigram model which uses real-valued features (e.g. a language model score) as well as binary features based on the block identities themselves, e.g. block bigram features. Our training algorithm can easily handle millions of features. The best system obtains a 18.6% improvement over the baseline on a standard Arabic-English translation task.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence Characteristics of High Color Purity and Brightness Li<sub>3</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Gd<sub>3</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>8</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup> Red Phosphors (2010)

The object of this study is to synthesize Li3Ba2Gd3(MoO4)8 doped with Eu3+ ions and prepared with solid-state reaction technology. The results show that the dominant emission peak of Li3Ba2Gd3−x(MoO4)8:Eux phosphor is 5D0 → 7F2 (614 nm). The intensity of the emission from 5D0 to 7F2 is 3.8 times higher than that of commercial phosphors, ZnS:(Mn2+,Te2+) when the Eu3+ concentration is x = 2.4. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the red emission of the Li3Ba2Gd0.6Eu2.4(MoO4)8 phosphor are (0.67, 0.33), which is the NTSC system standard for red chromaticity. Because there are two regions in the excitation spectra of Li3Ba2Gd3(MoO4)8:Eu3+phosphor, one is assigned from the charge-transfer state (CTS) band at about 320 nm, and the other is from the intra-4f transitions from 350 to 500 nm. Hence, the phosphors could be strongly excited by near-UV and blue LED in solid-state lighting technology. The analysis of the lifetime, decay curves, and efficiency of the 5D0 → 7F2 emission indicates the weak energy transfer between Eu3+ pairs. The temperature dependence PL and absorption spectra study shows that thermal quenching behavior can be attributed to crossover from the 5D0 excited state to the CTS band.
Abscisic Acid Signaling and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Review on Current Knowledge and Future Prospects (2017)

Abiotic stress is one of the severe stresses of environment that lowers the growth and yield of any crop even on irrigated land throughout the world. A major phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential part in acting towards varied range of stresses like heavy metal stress, drought, thermal or heat stress, high level of salinity, low temperature and radiation stresses. It also finds its role in various developmental processes including seed germination, seed dormancy, and closure of stomata. Abscisic acid acts by modifying the expression level of gene and subsequent analysis of cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements of responsive promoters. It also interacts with the signaling molecules of processes involved in retorting to stresses and development of seeds. On the whole, the stress to a plant can be susceptible or tolerant by taking into account the coordinated activities of various stress-responsive genes. Numbers of transcription factor are involved in regulating the expression of abscisic acid responsive genes by acting together with their respective cis‑acting elements. Hence, for improvement in stress-tolerance capacity of plants, it is necessary to understand the mechanism behind it. On this ground, this article enlightens the importance and role of ABA signaling with regard to various stresses as well as regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway along with the transcription factors for stress tolerance.
Direct Observation of Growth Defects in Zeolite Beta (2004)

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals linear, "double pore" defects in the important zeolite beta. Structural interpretation of these defects gives evidence for the mechanism by which the zeolite crystallizes.
A 100-element planar Schottky diode grid mixer (1992)

The authors present a Schottky diode grid mixer suitable for mixing or detecting quasi-optical signals. The mixer is a planar bow-tie grid structure periodically loaded with diodes. A simple transmission line model is used to predict the reflection coefficient of the grid to a normally incident plane wave. The grid mixer power handling and dynamic range scales as the number of devices in the grid. A 10-GHz 100-element grid mixer has shown an improvement in dynamic range of 16.3 to 19.8 dB over an equivalent single-diode mixer. The conversion loss and noise figure of the grid are equal to those of a conventional mixer. The quasi-optical coupling of the input signals makes the grid mixer suitable for millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave applications by eliminating waveguide sidewall losses and machining difficulties. The planar property of the grid potentially allows thousands of devices to be integrated monolithically.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Schedulability and performance analysis of the similarity stack protocol (2003)

We propose a class of real-time data access protocols called SSP (similarity stack protocol). The correctness of SSP schedules is justified by the concept of similarity which allows different but sufficiently timely data to be used in a computation without adversely affecting the outcome. SSP schedules are deadlock-free, subject to limited blocking, and do not use locks. We give a schedulability bound for SSP and also report simulation results which show that SSP is especially useful for scheduling real-time data access on multiprocessor systems. Finally, we present a variation of SSP which can be implemented in an autonomous fashion in the sense that scheduling decisions can be made with local information only.
Toward large-area mosaicing for underwater scientific applications (2003)

Severe attenuation and backscatter of light fundamentally limits our ability to image extended underwater scenes. Generating a composite view or mosaic from multiple overlapping images is usually the most practical and flexible way around this limitation. In this paper, we look at the general constraints associated with imaging from underwater vehicles for scientific applications - low overlap, nonuniform lighting, and unstructured motion $and present a methodology for dealing with these constraints toward a solution of the problem of large-area global mosaicing. Our approach assumes that the extended scene is planar and determines the homographies for each image by estimating and compensating for radial distortion, topology estimation through feature-based pairwise image registration using a multiscale Harris interest point detector coupled with a feature descriptor based on Zernike moments, and global registration across all images based on the initial registration derived from the pairwise estimates. This approach is purely image based and does not assume that navigation data is available. We demonstrate the utility of our techniques using real data obtained using the Jason remotely operated vehicle (ROV) at an archaeological site covering hundreds of square meters.
OFDM Based on Low Complexity Transform to Increase Multipath Resilience and Reduce PAPR (2011)

This paper introduces a new multicarrier system using a low computational complexity transform that combines the Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) into a single fast orthonormal unitary transform. The proposed transform is used in a new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ( T-OFDM) system, leading to a significant improvement in bit error rate (BER) and reasonable reduction in the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Use of the proposed transform with OFDM has been found to attain high frequency diversity gain by combining all data samples resulting in the transmission over many subcarriers. Consequently, the detrimental effect arising from channel fading on the subcarrier power is minimized. Theoretical analysis of the uncoded T-OFDM performance over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), flat fading, quasi-static (fixed within the entire period of OFDM symbol transmission) frequency selective fading channel models with zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizers is presented in this work. Moreover, the low superposition of the subcarriers passing through the T-transforms leads to a reduction in the high peak of the transmitted signal whilst preserving the average transmitted power and data rate. Analytical results confirmed by simulations demonstrated that the proposed T-OFDM system achieves lower PAPR and the same BER over AWGN and flat fading channels. Compared to OFDM, T-OFDM is found to have better BER when MMSE equalizer is used, but slightly worse when ZF equalizer is used.
Release Behavior and Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan/Alginate Blends with Aloe vera and Silver Nanoparticles (2017)

<i>Aloe vera</i> is a perennial plant employed for medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes that is rich in amino acids, enzymes, vitamins and polysaccharides, which are responsible for its therapeutic properties. Incorporating these properties into a biopolymer film obtained from alginate and chitosan allowed the development of a novel wound dressing with antibacterial capacity and healing effects to integrate the antibacterial capacity of silver nanoparticles with the healing and emollient properties of <i>Aloe vera</i> gel. Three alginate-chitosan matrices were obtained through blending methods using different proportions of alginate, chitosan, the <i>Aloe vera</i> (AV) gel and silver nanoparticles (AgNps), which were incorporated into the polymeric system through immersion methods. Physical, chemical and antibacterial characteristics were evaluated in each matrix. Interaction between alginate and chitosan was identified using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique (FTIR), porosity was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling degree was calculated by difference in weight, <i>Aloe vera</i> gel release capacity was estimated by applying a drug model (Peppas) and finally antibacterial capacity was evaluated against <i>S. Aureus</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Results show that alginate-chitosan (A (1:3 Chit 1/Alg 1); B (1:3 Chit 1.5/Alg 1) and C (3:1 Chit 1/Alg 1/B12)) matrices with <i>Aloe vera</i> (AV) gel and silver nanoparticles (AgNps) described here displayed antibacterial properties and absorption and <i>Aloe vera</i> release capacity making it a potential wound dressing for minor injuries.
Gradual acquisition of immunity to severe malaria with increasing exposure (2015)

Previous analyses have suggested that immunity to non-cerebral severe malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum is acquired after only a few infections, whereas longitudinal studies show that some children experience multiple episodes of severe disease, suggesting that immunity may not be acquired so quickly. We fitted a mathematical model for the acquisition and loss of immunity to severe disease to the age distribution of severe malaria cases stratified by symptoms from a range of transmission settings in Tanzania, combined with data from several African countries on the age distribution and overall incidence of severe malaria. We found that immunity to severe disease was acquired more gradually with exposure than previously thought. The model also suggests that physiological changes, rather than exposure, may alter the symptoms of disease with increasing age, suggesting that a later age at infection would be associated with a higher proportion of cases presenting with cerebral malaria regardless of exposure. This has consequences for the expected pattern of severe disease as transmission changes. Careful monitoring of the decline in immunity associated with reduced transmission will therefore be needed to ensure rebound epidemics of severe and fatal malaria are avoided.
An Access Delay Model for IEEE 802.11e EDCA (2008)

We analyze the MAC access delay of the IEEE 802.11e EDCA mechanism under saturation. We develop a detailed analytical model to evaluate the influence of all EDCA differentiation parameters, namely AIFS, CWmin, CWmax and TXOP limit, as well as the backoff multiplier $\beta$. Explicit expressions for the mean, standard deviation and generating function of the access delay distribution are derived. By applying numerical inversion on the generating function, we are able to efficiently compute values of the distribution. Comparison with simulation confirms the accuracy of our analytical model over a wide range of operating conditions. We derive simple asymptotics and approximations for the mean and standard deviation of the access delay, which reveal the salient model parameters for performance under different differentiation mechanisms. We also use the model to numerically study the differentiation performance and find that $\beta$ differentiation, though rejected during the standardization process, is an effective differentiation mechanism that has some advantages over the other mechanisms.
Pediatric Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Experience (2008)

Pediatric ureteroscopy is a safe and efficacious modality in the treatment of all upper urinary tract calculi, including lower pole calculi.
Integration of an On-Axis General Sun-Tracking Formula in the Algorithm of an Open-Loop Sun-Tracking System (2009)

A novel on-axis general sun-tracking formula has been integrated in the algorithm of an open-loop sun-tracking system in order to track the sun accurately and cost effectively. Sun-tracking errors due to installation defects of the 25 m(2) prototype solar concentrator have been analyzed from recorded solar images with the use of a CCD camera. With the recorded data, misaligned angles from ideal azimuth-elevation axes have been determined and corrected by a straightforward changing of the parameters' values in the general formula of the tracking algorithm to improve the tracking accuracy to 2.99 mrad, which falls below the encoder resolution limit of 4.13 mrad.
Use of Allogeneic NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy (2011)

Controversy exists as to the role that the immune system plays in cancer therapy. While the immune system has been proposed to scavenge the body to prevent microscopic transformation from forming cancer, it has been difficult to mount its potential of shrinking established tumors. NK cells are components of the innate immune system. They can recognize targets without prior sensitization, making them ideal candidates to manipulate for therapeutic use against cancer. Initially, autologous NK cells were directed against tumors but it was realized that NK cells that recognize self cells are inhibited. More encouraging advances have been made with allogeneic NK cell therapy in clinical trials to overcome this limitation. In this article, we present developments in NK cell adoptive immunotherapy for hematologic and solid tumor malignancies.
The effects of earphones and music on the temperature measured by infrared tympanic thermmeter: preliminary results. (2014)

Within the limitations of the study, which involved a limited number of healthy people the results show that it is best to not measure tympanic temperature in an ear that has very recently had an earphone in place.
Structural requirements for the activation of human factor VIII by thrombin (2002)

The coagulation factors V (FV) and VIII (FVIII) are important at sites of vascular injury for the amplification of the clotting cascade. Natural variants of these factors frequently lead to severe bleeding disorders. To understand the mechanisms of activation of FVIII by thrombin, we used a bank of mutant thrombins to define residues important for its activation. From the initial screening of 53 mutant thrombins for the activation of human recombinant FVIII, we mapped thrombin mutants with 50% or less activity to anion-binding exosite-I (Lys21Ala, His66Ala, Lys65Ala, Arg68Ala, Arg70Ala, and Tyr71Ala) and anion-binding exosite-II (Arg98Ala), the Na+-binding site (Glu229Ala, Arg233Ala, Asp234Ala, and Asp193Ala/Lys196Ala), and the 50-insertion loop (Trp50Ala), which were similar to our results for the activation of FV. The role of these residues for cleavage at Arg372 and Arg1689 was investigated using plasma FVIII. Anion-binding exosite-I appears to be important for cleavage at both sites, whereas the anion-binding exosite-II residue Arg98Ala is important for cleavage at Arg372 alone. The Glu229Ala mutant, which contributes to the Na+-binding site, and the 50-insertion loop mutant W50A have severely impaired cleavage at Arg372 and Arg1689. This suggests that the integrity of the active site and the Na+-bound form of thrombin are important for its procoagulant activity against FVIII. Detailed mutagenic analysis of thrombin can assist in understanding the pathogenesis of bleeding disorders and may lead to the rational design of selective thrombin inhibitors.
Anatomical Adjustments in Brain Positron Emission Tomography Using CT Images (1988)

We have developed a method that allows us to place regions of interest on X-ray CT (XCT) images that are automatically adjusted to positron emission tomography (PET) images from the same patient. A face mask with landmarks was used during PET and XCT studies for matching slice positions between PET and XCT. Anatomical locations in different images of the same slice can be accurately adjusted using the landmarks and a video system. In our clinical experience misadjustments of the slice position are on the average less than 2 mm in axial distance and 1.0 degrees in slice angle. The method is easily applicable to any PET or XCT device.
Development of a New Method for Assessing Asphalt Binder Durability with Field Validation (2005)

This project was a comprehensive study directed at developing an improved method of screening asphalt binders for long-term pavement performance. A new dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) function, G'/(eta'/G'), and a new aging procedure should warn of premature asphalt hardening and resulting fatigue cracking. For unmodified asphalts the new DSR function correlated well with ductility (at 15 deg C, 1 cm/min) below 10 cm. The correlation was originally developed for DSR measurements at 15 deg C and 0.005 rad/s. These conditions were time-temperature superposition shifted to 44.7 deg C and 10 rad/s to produce a method that is easily accessible to standard laboratory rheological equipment and methods. The recommended aging procedure uses the pressure aging vessel (PAV) apparatus but takes advantage of the higher average aging rate when the asphalt is aged in thinner films. This change, combined with somewhat longer aging, results in a more rigorous test of durability than the standard PAV method. At the same time, the resulting rankings of aged materials are more representative of rankings that are obtained from aging at atmospheric air pressure and 60 deg C. For modified asphalts, the results were complex. Generally for a given value of the DSR function, the ductility was better than indicated by the unmodified asphalt DSR-ductility correlation. Larger amounts of modifier produced increasing values of ductility for a given function value. This result was very asphalt dependent, however, so no general correlation could be found. As modified binders oxidize, the asphalt hardens and the improvement to ductility imparted by modifiers decreases. After enough aging, the improvement is gone and modified binders perform no better than their aged unmodified counterpart. A critical issue is whether the life extension produced by modifiers is life-cycle cost effective. Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) and SH 21 binders indicate: sealcoats may provide an opportunity for significant and very cost-effective in-place binder rejuvenation; G'/(eta'/G') is an excellent function for tracking pavement aging; pavements can oxidize rather uniformly with depth; brittle binders can be tolerated in stiff pavements; aggregates appear to have little effect on asphalt oxidation reactions; rolling thin-film oven tests plus PAV aging is not severe aging, in the context of pavement life.