gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric-field structuring of piezoelectric composite materials (1999)

Piezoelectric composite materials, consisting of a ferroelectric ceramic in an\nelectrically-inactive polymer matrix, have been shown to greatly outperform single\nphase materials for certain applications. A new assembly technique, which electrically\ncontrols the spatial distribution of the ceramic within the polymer, promises to enhance\nthe sensitivity of 0-3 type piezoelectric composites. The materials so-produced have a\nquasi 1-3 structure and it is intended that they will exhibit some of the advantages of 1-\n3 piezoelectric composites, whilst retaining the simplicity of 0-3 manufacturing.\nThe electric field structuring technique exploits the electrokinetic phenomenon of\ndielectrophoresis, which is responsible for the electrorheological effect. When a\nsuspension of ceramic particles in an insulating fluid is exposed to a moderate AC\nelectric field, the particles polarize and as a result they exhibit a mutually attractive\nforce. Under suitable conditions the particles assemble into `pearl-chains', `fibrils' or\ncolumns, oriented parallel to the applied field. If the fluid is a resin pre-polymer, this\ncan then be cured and the newly formed structures frozen into place to form a\ncomposite material with anisotropic properties. The key process parameters are\nexplored and the implications of employing this method to produce technologically\nuseful materials are discussed.\nIt is demonstrated, for the first time, that dielectrophoresis can be used to induce\nanisotropic dielectric and piezoelectric properties in 55%vol. fraction ceramic /\npolymer composites. A model composite system of pure lead titanate in an epoxy resin\nis considered in basic detail. A method of producing a lead zirconate titanate (PZT)\npowder with a narrow particle size distribution, by flux growth, has been shown to be\neffective. New concepts in multiphase composites are introduced, whereby chains are\nformed within the confines of a second immiscible fluid or where particles of two\ndifferent materials are mixed in a suspension, each material having its own `polarization\nsignature'.
Similarities and differences between nonradiographic and radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (2014)

Currently available data support the concept of axial spondyloarthritis as one entity. Nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis seems to be, however, more heterogeneous than ankylosing spondylitis because of the presence of patients with a self-limiting disease or a slow disease course.
Biochemical and Genetic Aspects of Nystatin Resistance in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1972)

Two phenotypically distinct sets of nystatin-resistant mutants were investigated. One set is resistant, respiratory competent, and requires no lipid for growth. The other set is more resistant, respiratory deficient, and lipid requiring (unsaturated fatty acid or sterol). Both sets show altered sterol composition as demonstrated by the Liebermann-Burchard colorimetric reaction, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and gas-liquid chromatography. Genetic analysis indicates that all nystatin-resistant mutants can be placed into one of six distinct genetic groups. The phenotype's nystatin resistance, lipid requirement, and respiratory deficiency are recessive. There was one case of allelism for mutants from different sets. Revertants of mutants which have the tripartite phenotype retain a residual level of nystatin resistance, but they are no longer lipid requiring or respiratory deficient. Growth studies in mutants which have the tripartite phenotype reveal that the addition of ergosterol to the growth medium results in decreased resistance to nystatin.
A polymerase chain reaction assay for non-random X chromosome inactivation identifies monoclonal endometrial cancers and precancers. (1995)

We hypothesize that endometrial carcinoma and their precursors share a monoclonal growth pattern and tested this thesis with archival paraffin-embedded tissues using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for non-random X chromosome inactivation. Of the 10 well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma cases with heterozygous markers (HUMARA, X-linked androgen receptor gene), 9 had skewed X inactivation consistent with a monoclonal process, and one contained a structurally altered HUMARA gene. X inactivation skewing similar to that of the tumor was seen in matched control polyclonal tissues of 4 (of 9) cases, caused by the small number of endometrial stem cells at the time of embryonic X inactivation. When the polymerase chain reaction assay was applied to four potential endometrial precancers (atypical endometrial hyperplasia) and matched control tissues, two were inconclusive, and two were found to be monoclonal. We conclude that 1) it is essential to include polyclonal control tissues in X inactivation analyses to determine whether skewing is a specific indicator of monoclonality; and 2) endometrial adenocarcinomas and some putative precancers, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, are monoclonal.
BIOSIGN™ : multi-parameter monitoring for early warning of patient deterioration (2005)

Early recognition of abnormalities in the physiological parameters of hospital patients followed by rapid intervention should result in an improvement in functional outcome or mortality rate. We have developed a real-time system, BioSign™, capable of analysing physiological parameters in order to identify adverse trends in multi-parameter space (departure from "normality") and prompt clinical staff to intervene. The model of normality is based on five vital signs, which can all be recorded non-invasively: the heart rate, blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, respiration rate and temperature. We have evaluated the trained model of normality in a two-year randomised controlled trial of 405 patients monitored on general medical and surgical wards. Preliminary results show that BioSign™ can provide early warning of changes in clinical status and deterioration in patient condition.
N-Bromosuccinimide in Acetonitrile: A Mild and Regiospecific Nuclear Brominating Reagent for Methoxybenzenes and Naphthalenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Bromosuccinimide in Acetonitrile: A Mild and Regiospecific Nuclear Brominating Reagent for Methoxybenzenes and NaphthalenesM. Carmen Carreno, Jose L. Garcia Ruano, Gema Sanz, Miguel A. Toledo, and Antonio UrbanoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 16, 5328–5331Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00121a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00121a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7143Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polynomial end-to-end communication (1989)

A dynamic communication network is one in which links may repeatedly fail and recover. In such a network, although it is impossible to establish a path of unfailed links, reliable communication is possible if there is no cut of permanently failed links between a sender and receiver. The authors consider for such a network the basic task of end-to-end communication, that is, delivery in finite time of data items generated online at the sender, to the receiver, in order and without duplication or omission. The best known previous solutions to this problem had exponential complexity. Moreover, it has been conjectured that a polynomial solution is impossible. The authors disprove this conjecture, presenting the first polynomial end-to-end protocol. The protocol uses methods adopted from shared-memory algorithms and introduces novel techniques for fast load balancing in communication networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serum levels of FGF21 are reduced and negatively correlated with adiponectin in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (2013)

FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) is a novel metabolic regulator that has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In human obesity, serum FGF21 level was increased. The aims of this study were comparing fasting serum levels of FGF21 in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and obese control children and finding correlations these levels with insulin sensitivity and obesity-related parameters.
Leto: verifying application-specific hardware fault tolerance with programmable execution models (2018)

Researchers have recently designed a number of application-specific fault tolerance mechanisms that enable applications to either be naturally resilient to errors or include additional detection and correction steps that can bring the overall execution of an application back into an envelope for which an acceptable execution is eventually guaranteed. A major challenge to building an application that leverages these mechanisms, however, is to verify that the implementation satisfies the basic invariants that these mechanisms require---given a model of how faults may manifest during the application's execution. To this end we present Leto, an SMT-based automatic verification system that enables developers to verify their applications with respect to an execution model specification. Namely, Leto enables software and platform developers to programmatically specify the execution semantics of the underlying hardware system as well as verify assertions about the behavior of the application's resulting execution. In this paper, we present the Leto programming language and its corresponding verification system. We also demonstrate Leto on several applications that leverage application-specific fault tolerance
An arrayed waveguide grating based multiplexer and interrogator for Fabry-Perot sensors (2005)

In this paper, we propose an interrogation system capable of multiplexing four identical Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometric sensors using two wavelength-division multiplexing devices. One is a 40-channel DWDM channel monitor, the other a four-channel CWDM device. The sensors are connected to the output channels of the CWDM device in order to assign a portion of the spectrum to each sensor. The reflected spectra are then analyzed using the DWDM channel monitor. By monitoring the power incident on each of the DWDM channels, the four sensor reflection spectra can be reconstructed in software and information relating to the measurand obtained. Based on software simulations and previous laboratory experiments with single sensors, it is predicted that this system would be capable of interrogating four EFPI strain sensors simultaneously at frequencies greater than 5 kHz with a resolution of approximately 2 /spl mu//spl epsiv/ and a range of 3000 /spl mu//spl epsiv/.
? Irradiation of chitosan (1998)

Chitosan has potential biomedical applications that may require the final products to be sterilized before use. The γ irradiation of purified and highly deacetylated chitosan fibers and films at sterilizing doses (up to 25 kGy) caused main chain scissions. The viscosity average molecular weight of the polymer decreased with increasing irradiation dose, the radiation yields of scission being 1.16 in air and 1.53 in anoxia. Preirradiation application of a negative pressure of 100 kPa disrupted the network structure, which may have contributed to the greater radiation yield obtained by chitosan fibers in anoxia. Radiation induced scission of the chitosan chains resulted in a lower glass transition temperature (Tg), indicative of higher segmental mobility. The Tg was below ambient at an irradiation dose of 25 kGy in air. Irradiation in air improved the tensile strength of the chitosan film, probably due to changes in chain interaction and rearrangement. Irradiation in anoxia did not affect film properties significantly, partly because the preirradiation application of negative pressure had a negligible effect on the structure of the chitosan film. Polymer network structure and the irradiation conditions are therefore important determinants of the extent of radiation induced reactions in chitosan. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43: 282–290, 1998
<title>Retrieving the unretrievable in electronic imaging systems: emotions, themes, and stories</title> (1999)

New paradigms such as 'affective computing' and user-based research are extending the realm of facets traditionally addressed in IR systems. This paper builds on previous research reported to the electronic imaging community concerning the need to provide access to more abstract attributes of images than those currently amenable to a variety of content-based and text-based indexing techniques. Empirical research suggest that, for visual materials, in addition to standard bibliographic data and broad subject, and in addition to such visually perceptual attributes such as color, texture, shape, and position or focal point, additional access points such as themes, abstract concepts, emotions, stories, and 'people-related' information such as social status would be useful in image retrieval. More recent research demonstrates that similar results are also obtained with 'fine arts' images, which generally have no access provided for these types of attributes. Current efforts to match image attributes as revealed in empirical research with those addressed both in current textural and content-based indexing systems are discussed, as well as the need for new representations for image attributes and for collaboration among diverse communities of researchers.
A Method for Whole Brain Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Minimal Susceptibility Artifacts (2016)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-destructive technique that is capable of localizing pathologies and assessing other anatomical features (e.g., tissue volume, microstructure, and white matter connectivity) in postmortem, <i>ex vivo</i> human brains. However, when brains are removed from the skull and cerebrospinal fluid (i.e., their normal <i>in vivo</i> magnetic environment), air bubbles and air-tissue interfaces typically cause magnetic susceptibility artifacts that severely degrade the quality of <i>ex vivo</i> MRI data. In this report, we describe a relatively simple and cost-effective experimental setup for acquiring artifact-free <i>ex vivo</i> brain images using a clinical MRI system with standard hardware. In particular, we outline the necessary steps, from collecting an <i>ex vivo</i> human brain to the MRI scanner setup, and have also described changing the formalin (as might be necessary in longitudinal postmortem studies). Finally, we share some representative <i>ex vivo</i> MRI images that have been acquired using the proposed setup in order to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. We hope that this protocol will provide both clinicians and researchers with a straight-forward and cost-effective solution for acquiring <i>ex vivo</i> MRI data from whole postmortem human brains.
Fatty acids inhibit apical membrane chloride channels in airway epithelia. (1990)

Apical membrane Cl- channels control the rate of transepithelial Cl- secretion in airway epithelia. cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C regulate Cl- channels by phosphorylation; in cystic fibrosis cells, phosphorylation-dependent activation of Cl- channels is defective. Another important signaling system involves arachidonic acid, which is released from cell membranes during receptor-mediated stimulation. Here we report that arachidonic acid reversibly inhibited apical membrane Cl- channels in cell-free patches of membrane. Arachidonic acid itself inhibited the channel and not a cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase metabolite because (i) inhibitors of these enzymes did not block the response, (ii) fatty acids that are not substrates for the enzymes had the same effect as arachidonic acid, and (iii) metabolites of arachidonic acid did not inhibit the channel. Inhibition occurred only when fatty acids were added to the cytosolic surface of the membrane patch. Unsaturated fatty acids were more potent than saturated fatty acids. Arachidonic acid inhibited Cl- channels from both normal and cystic fibrosis cells. These results suggest that fatty acids directly inhibit apical membrane Cl- channels in airway epithelial cells.
Treatment of syndesmoses disruptions: A prospective, randomized study comparing conventional screw fixation vs TightRope® fiber wire fixation - medium term results (2009)

Background: Open reduction and screw fixation is the current standard treatment for displaced injuries of the ankle syndesmosis. Despite reduction and stable internal fixation, however, these injuries do not uniformly have excellent outcomes. In addition, screw fixation has potential disadvantages. Materials and methods: An ongoing prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing conventional screw fixation with TightRope ® fiber wire fixation for syndesmosis injuries. The objective of this paper is also to provide an overview of the important anatomical and biomechanical issues relating to syndesmosis injuries. Results: At medium term follow-up the TightRope ® fiber wire fixation group had a statistically significant better range of motion compared to conventional screw fixation. The AOFAS ankle and hindfoot score did not show a significant difference between the two groups.
Biopsies of olfactory epithelium in patients with Parkinson's disease (2009)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving several neuronal systems. Impaired olfactory function may constitute one of the earliest symptoms of PD. However, it is still unclear to what degree changes of the olfactory epithelium may contribute to dysosmia and if these changes are different from those of other hyposmic or anosmic patients. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that olfactory loss in PD is a consequence of specific PD-related damage of olfactory epithelium. Biopsies of 7 patients diagnosed with PD were taken. Six patients with PD were hyposmic, one anosmic. As non-PD controls served 9 patients with hyposmia, 9 with anosmia, and 7 normosmic individuals. Further, nasal mucosa of 4 postmortem individuals was investigated. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed with antibodies against olfactory marker protein (OMP), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), beta-tubulin, (BT), proliferation-associated antigen (Ki 67), the stem cell marker nestin, cytokeratin, p75NGFr, and alpha-synuclein. Most of the biopsy specimens exhibited irregular areas of olfactory-like, dysplastic epithelium positive for either PGP 9.5 or BT, but negative for OMP. No major histochemical differences in either the expression or distribution of these proteins were observed in the olfactory epithelium of patients with PD compared with controls. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) data indicated mRNA for OMP in almost all subjects, independently of their olfactory performance. These data support the idea that olfactory loss in Parkinson's disease is not a consequence of damage to the olfactory epithelium but rather results from distinct central-nervous abnormalities.
Pex11a deficiency causes dyslipidaemia and obesity in mice (2018)

Peroxisomes play a central role in lipid metabolism. We previously demonstrated that Pex11a deficiency impairs peroxisome abundance and fatty acid β-oxidation and results in hepatic triglyceride accumulation. The role of Pex11a in dyslipidaemia and obesity is investigated here with Pex11a knockout mice (Pex11a<sup>-/-</sup> ). Metabolic phenotypes including tissue weight, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, cholesterol levels, fatty acid profile, oxygen consumption, physical activity were assessed in wild-type (WT) and Pex11a<sup>-/-</sup> fed with a high-fat diet. Molecular changes and peroxisome abundance in adipose tissue were evaluated through qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and Immunofluorescence. Pex11a<sup>-/-</sup> showed increased fat mass, decreased skeletal muscle, higher cholesterol levels, and more severely impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Pex11a<sup>-/-</sup> consumed less oxygen, indicating a decrease in fatty acid oxidation, which is consistent with the accumulation of very long- and long-chain fatty acids. Adipose palmitic acid (C16:0) levels were elevated in Pex11a<sup>-/-</sup> , which may be because of dramatically increased fatty acid synthase mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, Pex11a deficiency increased ventricle size and macrophage infiltration, which are related to the reduced physical activity. These data demonstrate that Pex11a deficiency impairs physical activity and energy expenditure, decreases fatty acid β-oxidation, increases de novo lipogenesis and results in dyslipidaemia and obesity.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging by using time-gated data acquisition (2007)

The use of the time gating technique for lifetime reconstruction in the Fourier domain is a novel technique. Time gating provides sufficient data points in the time domain for reliable application of the Fourier transform, which is essential for the time deconvolution of the system of the integral equations employed in the reconstruction. The Fourier domain telegraph equation is employed to model the light transport, which allows a sufficiently broad interval of frequencies to be covered. Reconstructed images contain enough information needed for recovering the lifetime distribution in a sample for any given frequency within the megahertz-gigahertz band. The use of this technique is essential for recovering time-dependent information in fluorescence imaging. This technique was applied in reconstruction of the lifetime distribution of four tubes filled with Rhodamine 6G embedded inside a highly scattering slab. Relatively accurate fluorescence lifetime reconstruction demonstrates the effectiveness and the potential of the proposed technique.
The effect of changes in tumor size on breast carcinoma survival in the U.S.: 1975–1999 (2005)

The tumor size distribution of incident breast carcinomas in SEER has shifted toward smaller tumors. A substantial fraction of the improvement in breast carcinoma survival noted since 1975 may be attributable to within-stage migration of tumor size.
Improving the initial convergence of adaptive filters: variable-length LMS algorithms (2003)

Despite its qualities of robustness, low cost, and good tracking performance, in many situations the LMS algorithm suffers from slow initial convergence. We propose a method to speed up this convergence rate by varying the length of the adaptive filter, taking advantage of the larger step-sizes allowed for short filters. The results presented here show that variable-length adaptive filters have the potential to achieve quite fast convergence rates, with a modest increase in the computational complexity.
Heart-Rate Profile during Exercise as a Predictor of Sudden Death (2005)

The heart-rate profile during exercise and recovery is a predictor of sudden death.