gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Trap-State-Mediated Exciton Transport in Perovskite-Shelled PbS Quantum Dot Thin Films Using Photocarrier Diffusion-Wave Nondestructive Evaluation and Imaging (2016)

Perovskite-shelled colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) with low trap-state density are promising candidates for large-scale, low-cost, and lightweight solar cell applications. However, even minimal trap states can significantly limit CQD-based solar cell efficiency. We reported trap-state-mediated exciton transports in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) perovskite-passivated PbS CQD thin films. Excitation power-dependent photocarrier radiometry (PCR) intensity study demonstrated the free (electrons/holes)-to-bound (acceptors/donors) and trap-state-related transition-induced nonlinear response of CQD thin films to excitation. The existence of shallow trap states (activation energy: 33.8–40.7 meV) was characterized using photothermal emission spectra at different modulation frequencies. CQD thin films were imaged, for the first time, by InGaAs-camera-based nondestructive homodyne and heterodyne lock-in carrierographies (LIC; spectrally gated dynamic photoluminescence imaging), clearly showcasing photocarrier density diffusion-wave inhomogeneities that stem from defect-associated multiple effective exciton lifetimes. PCR frequency scans, coupled with the trap-state-mediated exciton transport model, extracted multiple material and carrier transport parameters such as effective exciton lifetime τE, hopping diffusivity Dh, dark and bright state separation energy ΔE, and carrier trapping rate NT. Camera-based contactless homodyne and heterodyne LIC imaging of QD thin films was found to be a promising nondestructive characterization technique for monitoring optoelectronic qualities of QD materials and devices.
Optimizing large join queries using a graph-based approach (2001)

Although many query tree optimization strategies have been proposed in the literature, there still is a lack of a formal and complete representation of all possible permutations of query operations (i.e., execution plans) in a uniform manner. A graph-theoretic approach presented in the paper provides a sound mathematical basis for representing a query and searching for an execution plan. In this graph model, a node represents an operation and a directed edge between two nodes indicates the older of executing these two operations in an execution plan. Each node is associated with a weight and so is an edge. The weight is an expression containing optimization required parameters, such as relation size, tuple size, join selectivity factors. All possible execution plans are representable in this graph and each spanning tree of the graph becomes an execution plan. It is a general model which can be used in the optimizer of a DBMS for internal query representation. On the basis of this model, we devise an algorithm that finds a near optimal execution plan using only polynomial time. The algorithm is compared with a few other popular optimization methods. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the others under most circumstances.
Simulation of blood flow by a hydrodynamic generator. (1978)

Physiological flows are produced by a volumetric gear pump. The motor-pump group is controlled by an amplifying comparator, and produces a flow whose rate follows the control signal. This signal is delivered by a synthetizing generator and its shape, amplitude, and frequency are adjustable. This hydrodynamic generator supplies a test bench on which the modifications of flow patterns induced by models of vascular stenoses are studied. The study of the velocity distribution has been effected with a pulsed-Doppler ultrasonic velocimeter.
Accurate optical extinction ratio measurements (1994)

We describe a method that increases the accuracy and repeatability of optical extinction ratio measurements from presently several percent to better than one percent. This accuracy is required when optimizing the performance of Gb/s optical transmitters using lasers or modulators for ultra low bit error rates. The method is simple, and can be applied to both research and production measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) binding to Guinea pig liver transglutaminase modulates enzyme activity (1986)

The adrenal cortex, the testes and the ovary metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), e.g., 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). These activities have previously been shown to involve the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system [18-20]. In attempt to identify the form(s) of cytochrome P-450 involved, microsomes from these endocrine organs were subjected to SDS-gel electrophoresis, followed by immunochemical analysis using the Western blot technique. Antisera raised against the purified rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozymes a, b + e, c, d and PB-PCNE were tested. It was concluded that the electrophoretic mobilities of the immunoreactive bands obtained were not identical to the mobilities of the purified isozymes cytochromes P-450 a, b, c, d, e or PB-PCNE. These results indicate that the PAH-metabolizing monooxygenase(s) in these endocrine organs may involve a novel form(s) of cytochrome P-450.
Controlled release of perfumes from polymers. II. Incorporation and release of essential oils from glassy polymers (1997)

Release of essential oils from glassy hydrophilic copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was studied in a range of releasing media at 30°C. The release of carvone, limonene, and eugenol was investigated using swelling-controlled release systems based on these copolymers. By changing the crosslinking ratio of the copolymers it was possible to achieve zero-order release. The amount of essential oil release was correlated to the thermodynamic compatibility of the oil-polymer pair, as judged by the solubility parameter difference. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 509–513, 1997
Integrated micro-channel cooling in silicon (2004)

Integrated micro-channel cooling, directly underneath an electronic circuit, for on-chip cooling with forced water convection has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In a 1-cm/sup 2/ experimental device, 370 W was dissipated without exceeding the critical junction temperature of 120/spl deg/C at a flow rate of only 0.1 l/min and a pressure drop of 0.15 bar. The minimum thermal resistance, which is measured, is 0.08 K/W for a power dissipation of 428 W at a flow rate of 1.1 l/min. This more than satisfies the requirements for cooling of next generation CPUs.
Association between number of doses per day, number of medications and patient's non-compliance, and frequency of readmissions in a multi-ethnic Asian population (2014)

Complex medication regimen (i.e. multiple medications and multiple doses per day) is a statistically significant predictor of number of readmissions. Simplifying therapeutic regimens with alternatives such as longer-acting or fixed-dose combination drugs may facilitate better patient adherence and reduce costly readmissions.
Hidden Conditional Random Fields for phone recognition (2009)

We apply Hidden Conditional Random Fields (HCRFs) to the task of TIMIT phone recognition. HCRFs are discriminatively trained sequence models that augment conditional random fields with hidden states that are capable of representing subphones and mixture components. We extend HCRFs, which had previously only been applied to phone classification with known boundaries, to recognize continuous phone sequences. We use an N-best inference algorithm in both learning (to approximate all competitor phone sequences) and decoding (to marginalize over hidden states). Our monophone HCRFs achieve 28.3% phone error rate, outperforming maximum likelihood trained HMMs by 3.6%, maximum mutual information trained HMMs by 2.5%, and minimum phone error trained HMMs by 2.2%. We show that this win is partially due to HCRFs' ability to simultaneously optimize discriminative language models and acoustic models, a powerful property that has important implications for speech recognition.
Efficient Computer-Aided Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits using Scanning Electron Microscopy (1985)

A working, operational system for computer-aided failure analysis of integrated circuits using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is described. Statistical data analysis and image-processing algorithms are applied to digitized SEM image data. Faults are automatically identified and characterized at the single transistor level. Data-storage requirements for locating and characterizing semiconductor device failures are evaluated. A working, operational method is presented which minimizes these requirements, increases throughput, and permits a high degree of automation.
Preferred orientation in tetragonal powders (1979)

The symmetrized harmonic method of correcting diffracted X-ray intensities for preferred orientation in powder samples is applied to tetragonal crystals. According to model calculations the measurement of intensity variation of three or four favourable reflections in a limited range of polar angle (αmax about 50 to 60°) makes possible reliable corrections for all reflections, when the distribution of crystallites is regular. After correction for preferred orientation, the residual differences in the test measurements on nickel fluoride and zinc fluoride samples were of the order of ½%, while the largest corrections were 10 to 15%.
Study and Design of Grid Connected Inverter for 2 MW Wind Turbine (2007)

In mega watts' grid connected inverter for wind turbine, challenge exists in module parallel for high power, low switching frequency and optimized design of output LCL filter. Concerning with these key issues, this paper adopts filter inductor to realize current sharing and phase shifting of carrier wave to increase equivalent switching frequency; correspondently, optimized design rule of the LCL filter is given in detail. All approaches and design rules come from a practical project implementation and based on deep principle analysis. These schemes are validated feasible for high power inverter by simulation results.
Photoisomerization of selected oxiranes. Intermediacy of carbonyl ylides (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoisomerization of selected oxiranes. Intermediacy of carbonyl ylidesK. Ishikawa, G. W. Griffin, and I. J. LevCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 23, 3747–3752Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00885a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00885a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microfabricating bacteriorhodopsin films for imaging and computing (1992)

An array of electrode sandwiched bacteriorhodopsin (bR) pixels was microfabricated for the wide variety of electro-optical applications that have been suggested for this unique biological molecule. The electro-optical properties of a microfabricated bR pixel was measured to prove that the production process is nondestructive. This method allows the microfabrication of biological materials that cannot be treated by conventional microelectronics technologies.
New reactive ion etching process for HDD slider fabrication (1996)

High-rate and smooth surface etching of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC has been developed employing inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for HDD head slider fabrication. The etching rate of 350 nm/min, which is more than seven times that of Ar ion beam etching, and average surface roughness (Ra) of around 20 nm were obtained as a result of optimizing etching gas composition of the Cl/sub 2//BCl/sub 3//Ar mixture. The presence of Ar both enhances the etching rate of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ grains, which limits the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-TiC rate, and suppresses that of TiC grains to improve the surface roughness. This study demonstrates the feasibility of ICP etching for fabricating high precision sliders with high throughput.
Akt/PKB activation and insulin signaling: a novel insulin signaling pathway in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (2014)

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease categorized primarily by reduced insulin sensitivity, β-cell dysfunction, and elevated hepatic glucose production. Treatments reducing hyperglycemia and the secondary complications that result from these dysfunctions are being sought after. Two distinct pathways encourage glucose transport activity in skeletal muscle, ie, the contraction-stimulated pathway reliant on Ca(2+)/5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanisms and an insulin-dependent pathway activated via upregulation of serine/threonine protein kinase Akt/PKB. Metformin is an established treatment for type 2 diabetes due to its ability to increase peripheral glucose uptake while reducing hepatic glucose production in an AMPK-dependent manner. Peripheral insulin action is reduced in type 2 diabetics whereas AMPK signaling remains largely intact. This paper firstly reviews AMPK and its role in glucose uptake and then focuses on a novel mechanism known to operate via an insulin-dependent pathway. Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) kinase 1 (IP6K1) produces a pyrophosphate group at the position of IP6 to generate a further inositol pyrophosphate, ie, diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7). IP7 binds with Akt/PKB at its pleckstrin homology domain, preventing interaction with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, and therefore reducing Akt/PKB membrane translocation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Novel evidence suggesting a reduction in IP7 production via IP6K1 inhibition represents an exciting therapeutic avenue in the treatment of insulin resistance. Metformin-induced activation of AMPK is a key current intervention in the management of type 2 diabetes. However, this treatment does not seem to improve peripheral insulin resistance. In light of this evidence, we suggest that inhibition of IP6K1 may increase insulin sensitivity and provide a novel research direction in the treatment of insulin resistance.
The use of genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in the wine industry (2005)

In recent decades, science and food technology have contributed at an accelerated rate to the introduction of new products to satisfy nutritional, socio-economic and quality requirements. With the emergence of modern molecular genetics, the industrial importance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is continuously extended. The demand for suitable genetically modified (GM) S. cerevisiae strains for the biofuel, bakery and beverage industries or for the production of biotechnological products (e.g. enzymes, pharmaceutical products) will continuously grow in the future. Numerous specialised S. cerevisiae wine strains were obtained in recent years, possessing a wide range of optimised or novel oenological properties, capable of satisfying the demanding nature of modern winemaking practise. The unlocking of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome complexities will contribute decisively to the knowledge about the genetic make-up of commercial yeast strains and will influence wine strain improvement via genetic engineering. The most relevant advances regarding the importance and implications of the use of GM yeast strains in the wine industry are discussed in this mini-review. In this work, various aspects are considered including the strategies used for the construction of strains with respect to current legislation requirements, the environmental risk evaluations concerning the deliberate release of genetically modified yeast strains, the methods for detection of recombinant DNA and protein that are currently under evaluation, and the reasons behind the critical public perception towards the application of such strains.
Loss of Transcription Factor <i>KLF5</i> in the Context of p53 Ablation Drives Invasive Progression of Human Squamous Cell Cancer (2011)

Squamous cell cancers account for more than half of all human cancers, and esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas have identifiable p53 mutations, yet the same p53 mutations are found at comparable frequencies in precancerous dysplasia, indicating that transformation requires additional somatic changes yet to be defined. Here, we show that the zinc finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) transactivates NOTCH1 in the context of p53 mutation or loss. KLF5 loss limited NOTCH1 activity and was sufficient on its own to transform primary human keratinocytes harboring mutant p53, leading to the formation of invasive tumors. Restoration of NOTCH1 blocked transformation of KLF5-deficient and p53-mutant keratinocytes. Although human dysplastic epithelia accumulated KLF5, KLF5 expression was lost concurrently with NOTCH1 in squamous cell cancers. Taken together, these results define KLF5 loss as a critical event in squamous cell transformation and invasion. Our findings suggest that KLF5 may be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in esophageal squamous carcinomas and possibly more generally in other cancers associated with p53 loss of function.
Formate: an Energy Storage and Transport Bridge between Carbon Dioxide and a Formate Fuel Cell in a Single Device (2015)

We demonstrate the first device to our knowledge that uses a solar panel to power the electrochemical reduction of dissolved carbon dioxide (carbonate) into formate that is then used in the same device to operate a direct formate fuel cell (DFFC). The electrochemical reduction of carbonate is carried out on a Sn electrode in a reservoir that maintains a constant carbon balance between carbonate and formate. The electron-rich formate species is converted by the DFFC into electrical energy through electron release. The product of DFFC operation is the electron-deficient carbonate species that diffuses back to the reservoir bulk. It is possible to continuously charge the device using alternative energy (e.g., solar) to convert carbonate to formate for on-demand use in the DFFC; the intermittent nature of alternative energy makes this an attractive design. In this work, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept device that performs reduction of carbonate, storage of formate, and operation of a DFFC.
Standalone training of context-dependent deep neural network acoustic models (2014)

Recently, context-dependent (CD) deep neural network (DNN) hidden Markov models (HMMs) have been widely used as acoustic models for speech recognition. However, the standard method to build such models requires target training labels from a system using HMMs with Gaussian mixture model output distributions (GMM-HMMs). In this paper, we introduce a method for training state-of-the-art CD-DNN-HMMs without relying on such a pre-existing system. We achieve this in two steps: build a context-independent (CI) DNN iteratively with word transcriptions, and then cluster the equivalent output distributions of the untied CD-DNN HMM states using the decision tree based state tying approach. Experiments have been performed on the Wall Street Journal corpus and the resulting system gave comparable word error rates (WER) to CD-DNNs built based on GMM-HMM alignments and state-clustering.
Broadband spatially combined amplifier array using tapered slot transitions in waveguide (1997)

Most reported spatially combined or quasioptical amplifier arrays exhibit resonant narrowband performance (<10%) and have not addressed thermal management issues. We report a waveguide-based spatial combining scheme using broadband tapered-slot transitions, capable of realizing full waveguide band coverage (40% fractional bandwidth) with good thermal properties. An X-band prototype using eight medium-power GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) produced an output power of 2.4 W and 9-dB power gain at 1-dB compression, with a combining efficiency of 68% and </spl plusmn/1-dB gain variation over the full waveguide band (8-12 GHz).
Ultrahigh Count Coherent WDM Channels Transmission Using Optical Parametric Comb-Based Frequency Synthesizer (2015)

A novel optical frequency synthesizer capable of generating a multitude of narrow linewidth oscillations, fully compatible with high-speed fiber-optic transmission requirements, is presented. The new device is based on an ultra-dense and wideband parametric comb capable of generating more than 1800 spectral lines with 6.25 GHz spacing within 100 nm (C + L band) of optical bandwidth and 3 dB spectral flatness. The parametric comb generation relies on the highly efficient nonlinear interaction of the ultra-short and high peak power pulse train in the precisely controlled dispersive medium. The generated comb source is used for coherent transmission of 1520 Nyquist ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexed channels in a flex-grid compatible optical access network architecture, offering up to 30 Gb/s per user over a 50 km of standard single mode fiber with estimated aggregate capacity of 32 Tb/s. The line spacing tunablity and one-to-multiple coherent cloning capability make the proposed multicarrier generator a strong contender fully capable of replacing thousands of discrete lasers in optical data communication systems.
Gene products required for surface expression of the capsular form of the group 1 K antigen in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (O9a:K30) (1999)

The group 1 K30 antigen from Escherichia coli (O9a:K30) is present on the cell surface as both a capsular structure composed of high-molecular-weight K30 polysaccharide and as short K30 oligosaccharides linked to lipid A-core in a lipopolysaccharide molecule (K30LPS). To determine the molecular processes that are responsible for the two forms of K antigen, the 16 kb chromosomal cps region has been characterized. This region encodes 12 gene products required for the synthesis, polymerization and translocation of the K30 antigen. The gene products include four glycosyltransferases responsible for synthesis of the K30 repeat unit; a PST (1) exporter (Wzx), required to transfer lipid-linked K30 units across the plasma membrane to the periplasmic space; and a K30-antigen polymerase (Wzy). These gene products are typical of those seen in O-antigen biosynthesis gene clusters and they interact with the lipopolysaccharide translocation pathway to express K30LPS on the cell surface. The same gene products also provide the biosynthetic intermediates for the capsule assembly pathway, although they are not in themselves sufficient for synthesis of the K30 capsule. Three additional genes, wza, wzb and wzc, encode homologues to proteins that are encoded by gene clusters involved in expression of a variety of bacterial exopolysaccharides. Mutant analysis indicates that Wza and Wzc are required for wild-type surface expression of the capsular structure but are not essential for polymerization and play no role in the translocation of K30LPS. These surface expression components provide the key feature that distinguishes the assembly systems for O antigens and capsules.