gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuronal selectivity of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels in guinea‐pig substantia nigra revealed by responses to anoxia. (1992)

1. Two sub-populations of pars compacta substantia nigra neurones were identified with very different electrophysiological properties and rostral-caudal distribution. Both cell types were identified by biocytin intracellular dye injection and found to be located within pars compacta containing tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells. These sub-populations displayed distinctly different responses to transient anoxia. 2. The first group ('Phasic' neurones) exhibited a low threshold calcium conductance LTS gCa associated with bursts of action potentials, were located at the level of the mammillary bodies and were highly sensitive to anoxia. The second group ('rhythmic' neurones) fired in a rhythmic pattern, were located at the level of the accessory optic tract and were relatively insensitive to anoxia. 3. The anoxic response of phasic cells was characterized by membrane hyperpolarization (mean 12 mV), a decrease in input resistance (mean 36%) and cessation of action potential firing. The axonic response of these neurones was not blocked by TEA (5-10 mM), haloperidol (100 microM), the removal of extracellular calcium or depletion of endogenous dopamine. However, this effect was blocked by both the sulphonylurea tolbutamide (50-500 microM), and also by quinine (100 microM) and could be mimicked by application of diazoxide (1 mM). 4. Rhythmic cells displayed a variable response to anoxia consisting of either modest depolarization, hyperpolarization or no change in membrane potential, in all cases accompanied by little or no change in input resistance. The polarity of the membrane potential shift during anoxia was reversed by TEA (5-10 mM) or the removal of calcium. These cells were also relatively insensitive to diazoxide (1 mM). 5. It is concluded from the neuronal responses to anoxia and the pharmacological modification of these responses, that the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) is functionally operative in the substantia nigra and is primarily distributed on the phasically discharging cells of the rostral pars compacta. The relevance of this recently discovered ionic channel is discussed with regard to the normal and abnormal functioning of the substantia nigra.
Intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria of <i>Camponotus</i> species (carpenter ants): systematics, evolution and ultrastructural characterization (1996)

Intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria inherent to ants of the genus Camponotus were characterized. The bacteria were localized in bacteriocytes, which are specialized cells of both workers and queen ants; these cells are intercalated between epithelial cells of the midgut. The bacteriocytes show a different morphology from the normal epithelial cells and carry a large number of the rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria free in the cytoplasm. The bacteria were never observed in the neighbouring epithelial cells, but they were found intracellularly in oocytes, strongly indicating a maternal transmission of the bacteria. The 16S DNA encoding rrs loci of the endosymbionts of four species of the genus Camponotus derived either from Germany (C. herculeanus and C. ligniperdus), North America (C. floridanus) or South America (C. rufipes) were cloned after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using oligonucleotides complementary to all so far known eubacterial rrs sequences. The DNA sequences of the rrs loci of the four endosymbionts were determined, and, using various genus- and species-specific oligonucleotides derived from variable regions in the rrs sequences, the identity of the bacteria present in the bacteriocytes and the ovarian cells was confirmed by PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. Comparison of the 16S DNA sequences with the available database showed the endosymbiotic bacteria to be members of the gamma-subclass of Proteobacteria. They formed a distinct taxonomic group, a sister taxon of the taxons defined by the tsetse fly and aphid endosymbionts. Within the gamma-subclass, the cluster of the ant, tsetse fly and aphid endosymbionts are placed adjacent to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. The evolutionary tree of the ant endosymbionts reflects the systematic classification and geographical distribution of their host insects, indicating an early co-evolution of the symbiotic partners and a vertical transmission of the bacteria.
PENGARUH METODE GUIDE NOTE TAKING TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA (2015)

In general the low learning achievement of students due to the problems that arise in the learning process. Seeing the reality of it is one of the important agenda for the teacher is to create is to create a learning environment in math. The achievement of learning achievement required an appropriate delivery methods that aim can empower students, both in terms of academic and social skills, and in the end students got knowledge, can understand the concepts being taught, and students can solve the problem with an open nature,  so that the porpuse of education can be achieved. Guide of note taking method is the correct method to improve students achievement in math. Guide note of taking method is a method that as fairly simple and fun which are used to aid students in making notes or important points when delivering course material will be provided.
Immunogenicity of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>RD1 region gene products in infected cattle (2002)

Current immuno-diagnostic tests for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle rely on the use of tuberculin PPD as antigens. However, the use of a cattle vaccine is effectively prohibited because BCG, the only potentially available cattle TB vaccine, compromises the current tuberculin test. The main objective of this study was to identify specific antigens, which could increase the test sensitivity to levels achieved with tuberculin. Our approach utilized the availability of the genome sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and BCG by applying principles of comparative genomics to the identification of species-specific antigens. Eight open-reading frames (Rv3871 to Rv3878) encoding for putative antigens in the RD1 region of the M. tuberculosis genome, which is deleted in all strains of BCG, were selected and screened in the form of pools of synthetic peptides for immunological reactivity (antigen induced proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis. Our results confirm the immunodominant role of two RD1 region products, CFP-10 (Rv3874) and ESAT-6 (Rv3875). In addition, we were able to identify 3 more antigens (Rv3871, Rv3872 and Rv3873), which induced immunological reactivity in PBMC from more than 50%M. bovis of infected cattle.
A Monte Carlo Study of the Effect of Noise on Wavelength Selection during Computerized Wavelength Searches (1988)

The process of selecting wavelengths for performing quantitative analysis in the near-infrared is notorious for its instability. A Monte Carlo technique was used to investigate the sensitivity of the wavelength selection process to the noise content of the spectra. The random nature of the noise causes the wavelengths to be selected at random; this seems to be sufficient to explain the instability of the selection process. The statistics of the selection process are insensitive to error in the dependent variable, and, within limits, also insensitive to the amount of noise in the spectral data. The statistics are sensitive to the number of samples in the data set and to the nature of the distribution of the noise.
HolStep: A Machine Learning Dataset for Higher-order Logic Theorem Proving (2017)

Large computer-understandable proofs consist of millions of intermediate logical steps. The vast majority of such steps originate from manually selected and manually guided heuristics applied to intermediate goals. So far, machine learning has generally not been used to filter or generate these steps. In this paper, we introduce a new dataset based on Higher-Order Logic (HOL) proofs, for the purpose of developing new machine learning-based theorem-proving strategies. We make this dataset publicly available under the BSD license. We propose various machine learning tasks that can be performed on this dataset, and discuss their significance for theorem proving. We also benchmark a set of simple baseline machine learning models suited for the tasks (including logistic regression, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks). The results of our baseline models show the promise of applying machine learning to HOL theorem proving.
XI. Yeast sequencing reports. DNA sequencing of a 36·2 kb fragment located between theFAS1 andLAP4 loci of chromosome XI ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1994)

We have completely sequenced on both strands a continuous DNA segment of 36.2 kb located on the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XI. Sequence analysis reveals the presence of 20 open reading frames (ORFs) at least 100 amino acids long. Five of these ORFs correspond to known genes; five others show homology with known proteins; the ten remaining ORFs identified show no detectable homology with other protein sequences contained in data banks and may represent new biological functions.
Medical Personnel and Patient Skill in the Use of Metered Dose Inhalers: A Multicentric Study (1998)

The objective was to evaluate the correctness of the inhalation technique in a nationwide sample of patients and medical personnel, in order to define targeted educational goals. A total of 1,640 volunteers (746 patients, 466 nurses and 428 physicians) were evaluated. Only 9% of patients, 15% of nurses and 28% of physicians showed a correct inhalation technique. Physicians performed significantly better (mean score 77 +/- 23) than nurses (71 +/- 22) and patients (62 +/- 26). Scores in general practitioners and pediatricians were significantly lower than those of chest physicians and allergists. In conclusion, proper use of metered dose inhalers (MDI) in patients and medical personnel is still faulty. Despite the physician's awareness of the importance of a correct inhalation technique in the use of MDI, this study shows severe deficiencies, showing the need for substantial changes in educational efforts, and particularly addressed to general practitioners.
Human genetic variation database, a reference database of genetic variations in the Japanese population (2016)

Whole-genome and -exome resequencing using next-generation sequencers is a powerful approach for identifying genomic variations that are associated with diseases. However, systematic strategies for prioritizing causative variants from many candidates to explain the disease phenotype are still far from being established, because the population-specific frequency spectrum of genetic variation has not been characterized. Here, we have collected exomic genetic variation from 1208 Japanese individuals through a collaborative effort, and aggregated the data into a prevailing catalog. In total, we identified 156 622 previously unreported variants. The allele frequencies for the majority (88.8%) were lower than 0.5% in allele frequency and predicted to be functionally deleterious. In addition, we have constructed a Japanese-specific major allele reference genome by which the number of unique mapping of the short reads in our data has increased 0.045% on average. Our results illustrate the importance of constructing an ethnicity-specific reference genome for identifying rare variants. All the collected data were centralized to a newly developed database to serve as useful resources for exploring pathogenic variations. Public access to the database is available at http://www.genome.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp/SnpDB/.
From Visualisation to Data Mining with Large Data Sets (2006)

In 3D particle simulations, the generated 6D phase space data can be very large due to the need for accurate statistics, sufficient noise attenuation in the field solver and tracking of many turns in ring machines or accelerators. There is a need for distributed applications that allow users to peruse these extremely large remotely located datasets with the same ease as locally downloaded data. This paper will show concepts and a prototype tool to extract useful physical information out of 6D raw phase space data. PartView allows the user to project 6D data into 3D space by selecting which dimensions are represented spatially and which dimensions are represented as particle attributes, and the construction of complex transfer functions for representing the particle attributes. It also allows management of time-series data. An HDF5-based parallel-I/O library, with C++, C and Fortran bindings simplifies the interface with a variety of codes. A number of hooks in PartView will allow it to connect with a parallel back-end that is able to provide remote file access, progressive streaming, and even parallel rendering of particle sets in excess of 1Billion particles.
Antitumor Effects of Immunotoxins Are Enhanced by Lowering <i>HCK</i> or Treatment with Src Kinase Inhibitors (2013)

Recombinant immunotoxins (RIT) are agents being developed for cancer treatment. They are composed of an Fv that binds to a cancer cell, fused to a 38-kDa fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. SS1P is a RIT that targets mesothelin, a protein expressed on mesothelioma as well as pancreatic, ovarian, lung, and other cancers. Because the protein tyrosine kinase family regulates a variety of cellular processes and pathways, we hypothesized that tyrosine kinases might regulate susceptibility to immunotoxin killing. To investigate their role, we used siRNAs to lower the level of expression of the 88 known tyrosine kinases. We identified five tyrosine kinases, INSR, HCK, SRC, PDGFRβ, and BMX that enhance the activity of SS1P when their level of expression is lowered by siRNAs. We further investigated the Src family member HCK in this study. Knocking down of SRC slightly increased SS1P killing in A431/H9 cells, but knocking down HCK substantially enhanced killing by SS1P. We investigated the mechanism of enhancement and found that HCK knockdown enhanced SS1P cleavage by furin and lowered levels of Mcl-1 and raised Bax. We then found that Src inhibitors mimic the stimulatory effect of HCK knockdown; both SU6656 and SKI-606 (bosutinib) enhanced immunotoxin killing of mesothelin-expressing cells by SS1P and CD22-expressing cells by HA22 (moxetumomab pasudotox). SU6656 also enhanced the antitumor effects of SS1P and HA22 in mouse xenograft tumor models. Our data suggest that the combination of immunotoxin with tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be an effective way to treat some cancers.
Some Microalgae from the Hawaiian Islands with a Focus on Industrial Applications (2016)

Background: A small subset of the vast diversity of microalgae present in the Hawaiian Islands was isolated, cultured, and investigated for potential industrial applications. This subset was composed of either newly reported isolates of Chlorophytes and Bacillariophytes or several species already well established in local aquaculture. Methods: Isolates were identified based on 18S rRNA sequence or morphology where applicable. Isolates were profiled for constitutive biochemical composition using biomass harvested in late log phase under nutrient replete conditions. Results: New isolates examined included Acrochaete, Asterarcys, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Desmodesmus, Marinichlorella, Micractinium, Monoraphidium, Nannochlorum, Parachlorella, Picochlorum, Podohedriella, Mychonastes, Scenedesmus, Tetraselmis and some diatoms. Several had favorable profiles for potential use in a fuel and feed biorefinery, for wastewater treatment with CO2 capture, or for more specialized products with options for cultivation as phototrophs or facultative heterotrophs in freshwater or saltwater. Whole biomass showed a useful combination of protein and lipids, good in vitro digestibility, and presence of key essential amino acids lysine, methionine, and cysteine. Many isolates had predominantly C16 to C18 fatty acids while a few had polyunsaturated fatty acids with options for ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 combinations. Marinichlorella kaistiae, a new species for Hawai'i, proved suitable for very large-scale cultivation and conversion into biofuel, and its fatty acid profile varied with cultivation in freshwater or salt water. Several freshwater diatoms, all of which proved scalable including in saline conditions, may be new representatives of Humidophila, Sellaphora and Nitzschia. The composition of an exudate produced by Mayamaea, a taxon previously isolated in Hawai'i in lava tubes, was determined to be a unique mannose-rich exopolysaccharide. Conclusion: Several Hawai'i-sourced strains described here are already of benefit in biofuels and treatment of effluents including CO2, and are anticipated to have value in next generation cosmetics and ‘cosmeceuticals’ to impact skin appearance, health and disease applications. Moreover, with protein having higher intrinsic value than biofuels, it is informative to characterize algal strains at a stage in biomass production that reflects high protein with constitutive lipid content. Keywords: Microalgae, 18S rRNA sequence, bioproducts, bioenergy, biorefinery, feed, food, cosmetics, wastewater, remediation.
Development and Optimization of Intermediate Lock Position Camshaft Phaser System (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Intake camshaft retard beyond that necessary for reliable cold start-ability is shown to improve part-load fuel economy. By retarding the intake camshaft timing, engine pumping losses can be reduced and fuel economy significantly improved. At high engine speeds, additional intake cam retard may also improve full-load torque and power.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To achieve these benefits, an intake camshaft phaser with intermediate lock pin position (ILP) and increased phaser authority was developed. ILP is necessary to reliably start at the intermediate phase position for cold temperatures, while providing increased phaser retard under warm conditions. The phaser also provides sufficient intake advance to maximize low-speed torque and provides good scavenging for boosted engine applications.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Design and development of the intermediate locking phaser system is described. The pros and cons of various methods of accomplishing locking and unlocking a phaser are illustrated. An AMESim model of the phaser was developed and Robust Engineering methods were applied.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine simulation and dynamometer testing was performed to determine system benefits. Control algorithms were developed and an enhanced engine management system was demonstrated in a vehicle.</div></div>
Multicolor stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (2012)

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has opened up a wide range of biochemical imaging applications by probing a particular Raman-active molecule vibrational mode in the specimen. However, the original implementation with picosecond pulse excitation can only realize rapid chemical mapping with a single Raman band. Here we present a novel SRS microscopic technique using a grating-based pulse shaper for excitation and a grating-based spectrograph for detection to achieve simultaneous multicolor SRS imaging with high sensitivity and high acquisition speeds. In particular, we used linear combination of the measured CH<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>3</sub> stretching signals to map the distributions of protein and lipid contents simultaneously.
Antitumor effect of resveratrol oligomers against human cancer cell lines and the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by vaticanol C (2003)

Twenty resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) (Res) derivatives, which were isolated from stem bark of Vatica rassak (Dipterocarpaceae), were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of human tumor cell lines. Among them, seven compounds displayed marked cytotoxicity. Vaticanol C (Vat C) as a major component induced a considerable cytotoxicity in all cell lines tested and exhibited growth suppression in colon cancer cell lines at low dose. Vat C caused two cell lines (SW480 and HL60) to induce cell death at four to seven times lower concentrations, compared with Res. The growth suppression by Vat C was found to be due to apoptosis, which was assessed by morphological findings (nuclear condensation and fragmentation) and DNA ladder formation in the colon cancer cell lines. The apoptosis in SW480 colon cancer cells was executed by the activation of caspase-3, which was shown by western blot and apoptosis inhibition assay. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential of apoptotic SW480 cells after 12 h treatment with Vat C was significantly lost, and concurrently the cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-9 were also detected by western blot analysis. Over-expression of Bcl-2 protein in SW480 cells significantly prevented the cell death induced by Vat C. Taken together, the findings presented here indicate that Vat C induced marked apoptosis in malignant cells mainly by affecting mitochondrial membrane potential.
Chronic Verubecestat Treatment Suppresses Amyloid Accumulation in Advanced Aged Tg2576-AβPPswe Mice Without Inducing Microhemorrhage (2017)

Verubecestat is a potent BACE1 enzyme inhibitor currently being investigated in Phase III trials for the treatment of mild-to-moderate and prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Multiple anti-amyloid immunotherapies have been dose-limited by adverse amyloid related imaging abnormalities such as vasogenic edema (ARIA-E) and microhemorrhage (ARIA-H) observed in human trials and mice. Verubecestat was tested in a 12-week nonclinical study for the potential to exacerbate microhemorrhage (ARIA-H) profiles in 18-22-month-old post-plaque Tg2576-AβPPswe mice. Animals were treated with verubecestat or controls including the anti-Aβ antibody analog of bapineuzumab (3D6) as a positive control for ARIA induction. ARIA-H was measured using in-life longitudinal T2*-MRI and Prussian blue histochemistry at study end. Verubecestat reduced plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ40 and Aβ42 by >90% and 62% to 68%, respectively. The ARIA-H profile of verubecestat-treated mice was not significantly different than controls. Anti-Aβ treatment significantly increased ARIA-H detected by Prussian blue staining; however, anti-Aβ antibody treatment did not impact plaque status. Verubecestat treatment significantly suppressed the accumulation of total levels of brain Aβ40 and Aβ42 and Thioflavin S positive plaque load. Stereological analysis of cortex and hippocampus plaque load similarly revealed significantly reduced area of Aβ immunoreactivity and reduced plaque number in verubecestat-treated animals compared to controls. The absence of elevated ARIA events in verubecestat-treated mice was associated with a significant reduction in the level of accumulated CNS amyloid pathology and brain Aβ peptides; effects consistent with the desired therapeutic mechanism of verubecestat in AD patients. These data will be compared with longitudinal MRI profiles from ongoing clinical trials.