gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximate formulae approach for efficient inductance extraction (2003)

In this paper, we present a new and effective approach to the extraction of on-chip inductance, in which we apply approximate formulae. The equations are based on the assumption of filaments or bars of finite width and zero thickness and are derived through Taylor's expansion of the exact formula for mutual inductance between filaments. Despite the assumption of uniform current density in each of the bars, the model is sufficiently accurate for the interconnections of current and future LSIs, in which most of the wires are not affected by the skin and proximity effects. Expression of the equations in polynomial form provides a balance between accuracy and computational complexity. These equations are mapped according to the geometric structures for which they are most suitable in minimizing runtime in the calculation of inductance while remaining accurate to within 3%. Within the geometrical constraints, the wires are of arbitrary specification.From a comprehensive evaluation on the ITRS-specified global wiring structure for 2003, the values for inductance extracted through the proposed approach are within 3% of the values obtained by commercial three-dimensional (3-D) field solvers. The efficiency of the proposed approach is also demonstrated by extraction from a real layout design that has 300-k interconnecting segments.
The Capicua tumor suppressor: a gatekeeper of Ras signaling in development and cancer (2018)

The transcriptional repressor Capicua (CIC) has emerged as an important rheostat of cell growth regulated by RAS/MAPK signaling. Cic was originally discovered in Drosophila, where it was shown to be inactivated by MAPK signaling downstream of the RTKs Torso and EGFR, which results in signal-dependent responses that are required for normal cell fate specification, proliferation and survival of developing and adult tissues. CIC is highly conserved in mammals, where it is also negatively regulated by MAPK signaling. Here, we review the roles of CIC during mammalian development, tissue homeostasis, tumor formation and therapy resistance. Available data indicate that CIC is involved in multiple biological processes, including lung development, liver homeostasis, autoimmunity and neurobehavioral processes. Moreover, CIC has been shown to be involved in tumor development as a tumor suppressor, both in human as well as in mouse models. Finally, several lines of evidence implicate CIC as a determinant of sensitivity to EGFR and MAPK pathway inhibitors, suggesting that CIC may play a broader role in human cancer than originally anticipated.
Applications Of Diamond And Diamond-Like Thin Films (1990)

Pure diamond has excellent mechanical and infra red properties and would make an ideal window material were it readily available. Synthetic diamond films can be grown with good infra red transmission and used as protective coatings. Many coating requirements can already be met using diamond-like carbon films.
Inhibition of the presentation of dengue virus antigen by macrophages to B cells by serine-protease inhibitors. (1991)

It has been shown that macrophages (M phi) process dengue type 2 virus (DV) antigen and present it to B cells leading to their clonal expansion as shown by DV-specific IgM antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) count in spleen. The present study was undertaken to find out the nature of enzymes responsible for the processing of DV antigen in M phi. DV-pulsed M phi were treated with seven different protease inhibitors and then assayed for antigen presentation to B cells. It was observed that maximum inhibition occurred by treatment of M phi with PMSF, a serine-protease inhibitor. The effect of PMSF was dose dependent and was abolished by using predigested antigen. PMSF inhibited presentation of DV and sheep RBC antigens but had no effect on presentation of bovine serum albumin which does not require processing. The results thus identify the serine group of proteases as the main enzymes involved in processing the DV antigen in M phi.
CpG ODN Nanorings Induce IFNα from Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Demonstrate Potent Vaccine Adjuvant Activity (2014)

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) are short single-stranded synthetic DNA molecules that activate the immune system and have been found to be effective for preventing and treating infectious diseases, allergies, and cancers. Structurally distinct classes of synthetic ODN expressing CpG motifs differentially activate human immune cells. K-type ODN (K-ODN), which have progressed into human clinical trials as vaccine adjuvants and immunotherapeutic agents, are strong activators of B cells and trigger plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to differentiate and produce tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). In contrast, D-type ODN (D-ODN) stimulate large amounts of interferon-α (IFNα) secretion from pDCs. This activity depends on the ability of D-ODN to adopt nanometer-sized G quadruplex-based structures, complicating their manufacturing and hampering their progress into the clinic. In search of a D-ODN substitute, we attempted to multimerize K-ODN into stable nanostructures using cationic peptides. We show that short ODN with a rigid secondary structure form nuclease-resistant nanorings after condensation with the HIV-derived peptide Tat(47-57). The nanorings enhanced cellular internalization, targeted the ODN to early endosomes, and induced a robust IFNα response from human pDCs. Compared to the conventional K-ODN, nanorings boosted T helper 1-mediated immune responses in mice immunized with the inactivated foot and mouth disease virus vaccine and generated superior antitumor immunity when used as a therapeutic tumor vaccine adjuvant in C57BL/6 mice bearing ovalbumin-expressing EG.7 thymoma tumors. These results suggest that the nanorings can act as D-ODN surrogates and may find a niche for further clinical applications.
State-Based Usage Control Enforcement with Data Flow Tracking using System Call Interposition (2009)

Usage control generalizes access control to what happens to data in the future. We contribute to the enforcement of usage control requirements at the level of system calls by also taking into account data flow: Restrictions on the dissemination of data, for instance, as stipulated by data protection regulations, of course relate not to just one file containing the data, but likely to all copies of that file as well. In order to enforce the dissemination restrictions on all copies of the sensitive data item, we introduce a data flow model that tracks how the content of a file flows through the system (files, network sockets, main memory). By using this model, the existence of potential copies of the data is reflected in the state of the data flow model. This allows us to enforce the dissemination restrictions by relating to the state rather than all sequences of events that possibly yield copies. Generalizing this idea, we describe how usage control policies can be expressed in a related state-based manner. Finally, we present an implementation of the data flow model and state-based policy enforcement as well as first encouraging performance measurements.
Single Generative Networks for Stain Normalization and Quality Enhancement of Histological Images in Digital Pathology (2021)

Stain normalization of histopathology images is a promising technique commonly used in computer-aided diagnosis. This process eliminates the effects of staining intensity and color difference (batch effects) from various pathologic imaging systems. In this paper, we are focusing on stain normalization and visual quality enhancement. Although state-of-the-art methods, such as CycleGAN, perform well in image style transfer, they have been limiting by raw imaging quality. This paper propose a novel framework, single generative networks (SGNet), to train the staining model. We yield data pre-augmentation instantiated by clarity-brightness-saturation (CBS) adjustment, and introduce max pooling between the input and the intermediate features and positional normalization (PONO) to optimize network structure. The proposed approach is evaluated by using the placental pathological samples with villi, trophoblast cells and vascular area. Feature fusion results on placental sample demonstrate the proposed model outperforms existing methods, ESPCN, CycleGAN and SegCN-Net. Ablation studies also show the necessity of additional components. We test this network on low-quality images from different imaging systems. Experimental results preserve detailed structural information of tissues and show desirable performances on generalization ability of histological image, which increases the segmentation accuracy for digital pathology diagnosis. These findings have the potential for the establishment of histological staining criterion, massive pathological images with batch effects can be normalized with the aid of authoritative staining benchmark.
Automated Patent Document Summarization for R&amp;D Intellectual Property Management (2006)

In an era of rapid information expansion, people encounter huge amounts of intellectual property (IP) such as patents in digital format. These documents are usually too numerous to be fully utilized in R&D for new product designs. Therefore, efficient and effective ways of acquiring, organizing and presenting IPs (e.g., patent documents) have become very important for enterprises. In this paper, we propose a patent document summarization system using an integrated approach of key-phrase recognition and significant information density. Significant information density or information mass is calculated based on the summation of key-phrases, their relevant phrases, title phrases, domain-specific phrases, indicator phrases and topic sentences, divided by the total number of phrases in a paragraph or a document. External text mining game, compression ratio and retention ratio are used in system experiment and evaluation. This research enables enterprises to organize knowledge and intellectual assets efficiently and to peruse IP documents effectively.
Pathobiology of visceral pain: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. III. Visceral afferent pathways: a source of new therapeutic targets for abdominal pain (2000)

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Kinematics of the Compensatory Step by the Trailing Leg Following an Unexpected Forward Slip while Walking (2008)

In this study, we described the joint angle changes of the trailing leg during the compensatory step used to recover balance following a forward slip while walking. Fifteen healthy young males walked on a walkway which incorporated a movable platform to simulate a forward slip while walking. In 12 out of the 15 subjects, the trailing leg was rapidly lowered during the swing phase and was placed on the ground behind the slipping foot following the onset of the slip. Time taken for the onset of the slip to the placing of the trailing foot was 0.28+/-0.03 s. The amount of hip flexion lessened after 52% of the normalized time, with 0% being the onset of the platform movement and 100% representing the placing of the trailing foot on the ground. The flexed knee began to extend at 72% of the normalized time, which continued until the foot was firmly placed. The plantarflexed ankle began to dorsiflex at 56% of the normalized time, the angle of which peaked at the moment the toe made contact with the walkway again-the end of the movement. These findings aided us in understanding the mechanism underlying the compensatory step to recover the loss of balance caused by a forward slip while walking.
Use of Correlation Waveform Analysis in Discrimination Between Anterograde and Retrograde Atrial Electrograms During Ventricular Tachycardia (2001)

Our findings indicate that the new algorithm can reliably separate between anterograde and retrograde atrial activation during VT. It can, therefore, discriminate between sinus tachycardia and VT with 1:1 ventriculoatrial conduction and may be useful in preventing inappropriate shocks from dual chamber defibrillators.
Further examination of 9-alkyl- and sugar-modified anthracyclines in the circumvention of multidrug resistance. (1992)

Anthracyclines possessing either a 9-alkyl modification in the A-ring of the tetracyclic aglycone and/or specific changes to the amino sugar moiety retain effective cytotoxic activity against multidrug resistant (MDR) cell lines. To obtain a better understanding of the structural features responsible for this potentially valuable behaviour, we used the MTT tetrazolium dye reduction assay to calculate resistance factors (RF = the ratio of ID50 for the drug-resistant line to that for the parental line) for the EMT6/P mouse mammary tumour and its MDR variant EMT6/AR1.0, and the H69/P human small cell lung cancer line and its MDR counterpart H69/LX4. Both MDR lines exhibit marked resistance to doxorubicin, MDR 1 gene amplification, hyperexpression of the membrane P-glycoprotein and reduced drug accumulation. RF values for doxorubicin were 34 and 131 in the EMT6 and H69 cell line pairs, respectively. The 9-alkyl-substituted anthracyclines were confirmed as having RF values 9- to 15-fold lower than those for doxorubicin. The 9-ethyl analogues Ro 31-1966 (RF for EMT6 2.2, RF for H69 4.7) and Ro 31-1749 (RF for EMT6 3.9, RF for H69 9.5) were superior to the previously studied 9-methyl analogue Ro 31-1215 (RF for EMT6 8.1 RF for H69 12.4). A clear trend for RF values to decrease with increasing 9-alkyl chain length was also noted in the structurally more complex aclacinomycin series. For example, 13-methyl-aclacinomycin (RF for EMT6 1.0, RF for H69 2.2) featuring a 9-isopropyl moiety was superior to the 9-alkyl-containing aclacinomycin A (RF for EMT6 4.7, RF for H69 5.8), and this was in turn more effective than the 9-methyl analogue sulfurmycin A (RF for EMT6 6.4, RF for H69 14.2). The trisaccharide moiety was not an essential feature for activity against MDR lines in the aclacinomycins, as shown by the low RF value with aklavine (RF for EMT6 2.1, RF for H69 2.5). However, a small change in one of the sugar moieties of aclacinomycin A, as in marcellomycin, resulted in a considerable increase in RF values (RF for EMT6 18.5, RF for H69 25.3). The complex anthracyclines AD 32 (RF for EMT6 6.5, RF for H69 11.7) and particularly tetrahydropyranyl-doxorubicin (RF for EMT6 1.4, RF for H69 3.2) were effective against MDR lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Experimental Investigation of Steam Condensation With Non-Condensable Gas Under Natural Convection (2018)

The non-condensable gas is used to keep the pressure stable in the steam-gas pressurizer. The processes of heat and mass transfer during steam condensation in the presence of non-condensable gas play an important role and the thermal hydraulic characteristics in the pressurizer is particularly complicated due to the non-condensable gas. The effects of non-condensable gas on the process of heat and mass transfer during steam condensation were experimental investigated. A steam condensation experimental system under high pressure and natural convection was built and nitrogen was chosen in the experiments. The steam and nitrogen were considered in thermal equilibrium and shared the same temperature in the vessel under natural convection. In the experiments, the factors, for instance, pressure, mass fraction of nitrogen, subcooling of wall and the distribution of nitrogen in the steam, had been taken into account. The rate of heat transfer of steam condensation on the vertical wall with nitrogen was obtained and the heat transfer coefficients were also calculated. The characteristics curve of heat and mass transfer during steam condensation with non-condensable gas under high pressure were obtained and an empirical correlation was introduced to calculated to heat transfer coefficient of steam condensation with nitrogen which the calculation results showed great agreement with the experimental data.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Tubulysins (2013)

Tubulysins are a family of natural tetrapeptides in clinical development as a consequence of their potent anticancer activity, even for multi-drug resistant carcinoma. Tubulysins inhibit tubulin polymerization by binding to the peptide binding site located near the vinca alkaloid binding site of tubulin. The limited availability and pharmacological profile of the tubulysins attracted synthetic and medicinal chemists to initiate programs towards their total synthesis. This paper reviews efforts toward the total synthesis of tubulysins and selected structure-activity relationship studies of tubulysin analogs.
A novel human GnRH receptor homolog gene: abundant and wide tissue distribution of the antisense transcript (1999)

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates the reproductive system through a specific G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in pituitary gonadotropes. The existence of two (or more) forms of GnRH in most vertebrates suggested the existence of GnRH receptor subtypes (I and II). Using sequence information for extracellular loop 3 of a putative Type II GnRH receptor from a reptile species, we have looked for a Type II GnRH receptor gene in the human genome EST (expressed sequence tag) database. A homolog was identified which has 45% and 41% amino acid identity with exons 2 and 3 of the known human GnRH pituitary receptor (designated Type I) and much lower homology with all other GPCRs. A total of 27 contiguous ESTs was found and comprised a continuous sequence of 1642 nucleotides. The EST sequences were confirmed in the cloned human gene and in PCR products of cDNA from several tissues. All EST transcripts detected were in the antisense orientation with respect to the novel GnRH receptor sequence and were highly expressed in a wide range of human brain and peripheral tissues. PCR of cDNA from a wide range of tissues revealed that intronic sequence equivalent to intron 2 of the Type I GnRH receptor was retained. The failure to splice out putative intron sequences in transcripts which spanned exon-intron boundaries is expected in antisense transcripts, as candidate donor and acceptor sites were only present in the gene when transcribed in the orientation encoding the GnRH receptor homolog. No transcripts extended 5' to the sequence corresponding to intron 2 of the Type I GnRH as the antisense transcripts terminated in poly A due to the presence of a polyadenylation signal sequence in the putative intron 2 when transcribed in the antisense orientation. These findings suggest that a Type II GnRH receptor gene has arisen during vertebrate evolution and is also present in the human. However, the receptor may have become vestigial in the human, possibly due to the abundant and universal tissue transcription of the opposite DNA strand to produce antisense RNA.
Infrared skin temperature measurements for monitoring health in pigs: a review (2015)

Infrared temperature measurement equipment (IRTME) is gaining popularity as a diagnostic tool for evaluating human and animal health. It has the prospect of reducing subject stress and disease spread by being implemented as an automatic surveillance system and by a quick assessment of skin temperatures without need for restraint or contact. This review evaluates studies and applications where IRTME has been used on pigs. These include investigations of relationships between skin, ambient and body temperatures and applications for detecting fever, inflammation, lesions, ovulation, and stress as well as for meat quality assessment. The best skin locations for high correlation between skin temperature and rectal temperature are most likely thermal windows such as ear base, eye region and udder. However, this may change with age, stressors, and biological state changes, for example, farrowing. The studies performed on pigs using IRTME have presented somewhat discrepant results, which could be caused by inadequate equipment, varying knowledge about reliable equipment operation, and site-specific factors not included in the assessment. Future focus areas in the field of IRTME are suggested for further development of new application areas and increased diagnostic value in the porcine and animal setting in general.
CAP for networks (2013)

The CAP theorem showed that it is impossible for datastore systems to achieve all three of strong consistency, availability and partition tolerance. In this paper we investigate how these trade-offs apply to software-defined networks. Specifically, we investigate network policies such as tenant isolation and middlebox traversal, and prove that it is impossible for implementations to enforce them without sacrificing availability. We conclude by distilling practical design lessons from our observations.
Centroidal Voronoi tessellation based algorithms for vector fields visualization and segmentation (2005)

A new method for the simplification and the visualization of vector fields is presented based on the notion of centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CVT's). A CVT is a special Voronoi tessellation for which the generators of the Voronoi regions in the tessellation are also the centers of mass (or means) with respect to a prescribed density. A distance function in both the spatial and vector spaces is introduced to measure the similarity of the spatially distributed vector fields. Based on such a distance, vector fields are naturally clustered and their simplified representations are obtained. Our method combines simple geometric intuitions with the rigorously established optimality properties of the CVTs. It is simple to describe, easy to understand and implement. Numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the effectiveness and competitiveness of the CVT-based vector simplification and visualization methodology.
How Wetting Hysteresis Influences Ice Adhesion Strength on Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2009)

In this work, we measured the adhesion strength of artificially created glaze ice (similar to accreted in nature) on rough fluoropolymer-based hydrophobic surfaces with different contact angle (CA) and wetting hysteresis. The previously reported direct correlation between ice repellency and CA on superhydrophobic surfaces is shown to be only valid for surfaces with low wetting hysteresis. Another correlation was found between wetting hysteresis and ice adhesion strength on rough surfaces with similar chemistry.
Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue (2012)

This paper explores the construction of identity in online communities and websites for social purposes, and its consequences in terms of how one’s online identity may be utilized to such an extent that one’s real-world identity is either enforced or eroded. It does so by investigating the very nature of Identify, coming predominantly from a cultural studies research and philosophical view, although it also cites some parallel findings in Information Systems (IS) research. In the Section Something Old, the author investigates the concept of identity in the real world, then investigates it in the online world in the Section Something New. Section Something Borrowed examines how an individual positions oneself including who one associates with and why one flags it so to others. And finally this paper looks at some consequences unfolding in our time (in Section: Something Blue), citing several pointed examples for illustration purposes, where values that have been migrated from the real world are amplified via the Internet, causing all sorts of actions and consequences both online and offline. These issues and actions revolve around control and disclosure of ones identity that has consequences upon reputation and trust, and how responsibility needs to be brought forward into how one: positions oneself, manages ones own identity, and acts appropriately in and beyond the Internet. Above all of these, the author concludes, is the responsibility of understanding the nature of identity itself.