gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatography, Preparative (2010)

Abstract The article gives a brief history of the origins and growth of preparative chromatography. The basic theoretical considerations that underlie all preparative chromatographic separations are discussed, mainly describing the influence of the adsorption isotherms on the outcome of the preparative experiment. The various categories of preparative separations are described with some reference to the technologies employed to enable them. Preparative supercritical fluid, chromatography is an important and growing area in preparative separations and is used extensively for the isolation of pure species in pharmaceutical discovery and development. At the other end of the preparative scale, simulated moving bed, a continuous chromatographic production process is discussed. The specific question of bioseparations is treated with particular reference to the reversed phase purification of peptides and proteins. An important section is devoted to the practicalities of preparative separations. This considers the metrics used to quantify the separations, the appropriate particle size and sample introduction techniques. It concludes with a discussion of the various techniques used to enhance product purity and production rate, dealing with recycle, shave recycle, steady‐state recycling, step gradients, backflush, “flip‐flop,” and displacement chromatography.
H11 Kinase Prevents Myocardial Infarction by Preemptive Preconditioning of the Heart (2005)

Ischemic preconditioning confers powerful protection against myocardial infarction through pre-emptive activation of survival signaling pathways, but it remains difficult to apply to patients with ischemic heart disease, and its effects are transient. Promoting a sustained activation of preconditioning mechanisms in vivo would represent a novel approach of cardioprotection. We tested the role of the protein H11 kinase (H11K), which accumulates by 4- to 6-fold in myocardium of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and in experimental models of ischemia. This increased expression was quantitatively reproduced in cardiac myocytes using a transgenic (TG) mouse model. After 45 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, hearts from TG mice showed an 82+/-5% reduction in infarct size compared with wild-type (WT), which was similar to the 84+/-4% reduction of infarct size observed in WT after a protocol of ischemic preconditioning. Hearts from TG mice showed significant activation of survival kinases participating in preconditioning, including Akt and the 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). H11K directly binds to both Akt and AMPK and promotes their nuclear translocation and their association in a multiprotein complex, which results in a stimulation of survival mechanisms in cytosol and nucleus, including inhibition of proapoptotic effectors (glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, Bad, and Foxo), activation of antiapoptotic effectors (protein kinase Cepsilon, endothelial and inducible NO synthase isoforms, and heat shock protein 70), increased expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, and genomic switch to glucose utilization. Therefore, activation of survival pathways by H11K preemptively triggers the antiapoptotic and metabolic response to ischemia and is sufficient to confer cardioprotection in vivo equally potent to preconditioning.
Towards 19% efficient industrial PERC devices using simultaneous front emitter and rear surface passivation by thermal oxidation (2010)

Higher solar cell efficiencies enable a reduction of the cost per watt ratio, if production effort is maintained at an acceptable level. A proven high-efficiency concept is the passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC). However, the transfer of this solar cell structure from demonstrator level to industrial application is challenging. We present a simple approach for the industrial fabrication of PERC solar cells which utilizes the simultaneous passivation of the front emitter and the rear surface by a thin layer of thermally grown oxide. This Thermal Oxide Passivated All Sides (TOPAS) structure represents an industrially feasible implementation of the PERC concept. Instead of using masking or sacrificial layers to obtain a structure with a textured, diffused front surface and a plain non-diffused rear surface, side selective wet chemical etching is chosen in this work, since it features a higher cost reduction potential. The current cell design features a selective emitter structure, introduced by laser-doping in combination with conventional screen-printed front contacts. With the presented approach we achieve an initial efficiency of 18.9 % on large area (149 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) 180 μm thick, Czochralski grown, boron doped p-type wafers. The stabilized device reaches a high open circuit voltage of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> = 641 mV. The comparison of the internal quantum efficiency of the TOPAS device and a full Al-back surface field (BSF) reference reveals a strong advantage in the blue and red response for the TOPAS concept.
Alterations in Endothelin Receptors Following Hemorrhage and Resuscitation by Centhaquin (2018)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts on ET(A) and ET(B) receptors and has been implicated in hemorrhagic shock (shock). We determined effect of shock and resuscitation by hypertonic saline (saline) or centhaquin on ET(A) and ET(B) receptor expression. Rats were anesthetized, a pressure catheter was placed in the left femoral artery; blood was withdrawn from the right femoral artery to bring mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 35 mm Hg for 30 min, resuscitation was performed and 90 min later sacrificed to collect samples for biochemical estimations. Resuscitation with centhaquin decreased blood lactate and increased MAP. Protein levels of ET(A) or ET(B) receptor were unaltered in the brain, heart, lung and liver following shock or resuscitation. In the abdominal aorta, shock produced an increase (140 %) in ET(A) expression which was attenuated by saline and centhaquin; ET(B) expression was unaltered following shock but was increased (79 %) by centhaquin. In renal medulla, ET(A) expression was unaltered following shock, but was decreased (-61 %) by centhaquin; shock produced a decrease (-34 %) in ET(B) expression which was completely attenuated by centhaquin and not saline. Shock induced changes in ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in the aorta and renal medulla are reversed by centhaquin and may be contributing to its efficacy.
The American Amusement Park Industry: A History of Technology and Thrills. (1992)

Journal Article The American Amusement Park Industry: A History of Technology and Thrills. By Judith A. Adams. (Boston: Twayne, 1991. xvi + 225 pp. Cloth, $27.95, ISBN0-8057-9821-8. Paper, $11.95, ISBN 0-8057-9822-6.) Get access The American Amusement Park Industry: A History of Technology and Thrills. By Adams Judith A.. (Boston: Twayne, 1991. xvi + 225 pp. Cloth, $27.95, ISBN 0-8057-9821-8. Paper, $11.95, ISBN 0-8057-9822-6.) Robert W. Snyder Robert W. Snyder New York University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 79, Issue 1, June 1992, Pages 296–297, https://doi.org/10.2307/2078566 Published: 01 June 1992
SON Coordination for parameter conflict resolution: A reinforcement learning framework (2014)

Self Organizing Network (SON) functions are meant to automate the network tuning, providing responses to the network state evolution. An instance of a SON function can run on one cell (distributed architecture) or can be built to govern a cluster of cells (centralized/hybrid architecture). From the operator point of view, SON functions are seen as black boxes. Several independent instances of one or multiple SON functions running in parallel are likely to generate conflicts and unstable network behavior. At a higher level, the SON-COordinator (SONCO) seeks to solve these conflicts. This paper addresses the design of a SONCO. We focus on coordinating two distributed SON functions: Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) and Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO). Thus on each cell we will have an MLB and an MRO instance. The MLB instances will tune the Cell Individual Offset (CIO) parameter and the MRO instances will tune the HandOver (HO) Hysteresis parameter together with the CIO parameter. The task of the SONCO is to solve the conflicts that will appear on the CIO parameter. We propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework as it offers the possibility to improve the decisions based on past experiences. We outline the tradeoff between configurations through numeric results.
Energy harvesting based on Ericsson pyroelectric cycles in a relaxor ferroelectric ceramic (2007)

This work deals with energy harvesting from temperature variations. It is shown here that direct pyroelectric energy harvesting (connecting an adapted resistance, for example) is not effective, whereas Ericsson-based cycles give energy 100 times higher. The principle and experimental validation of the Ericsson cycle are shown with the example of 0.90Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.10PbTiO3 ceramic. Harvested energy reached 186 mJ cm−3 for 50 °C temperature variation and electric field cycle of 3.5 kV mm−1. A correlation between the electrocaloric effect and pyroelectric energy harvesting is then shown. Harvested electric energy with Ericsson cycles can be simply expressed as electrocaloric heat multiplied by Carnot efficiency. Several examples are then given from materials with the highest known electrocaloric effect. This leads to energies of hundreds of mJ cm−3 for a limited 10 °C temperature variation. Compared to Carnot's efficiency, this is much higher than the best thermoelectric materials based on the Seebeck effect.
Electrical properties of superconducting Bi-based silver sheathed wires and coils (1994)

Small size S/C coils were wound with silver sheathed Bi-based (2212 compound) wires manufactured by European companies (Pirelli, LMI, Vacuumshmeltze). The coils are made by using the wind and react method. Mono-filamentary wires of length 3-5 m are wound on silver cylindrical coil former, using silica fibres for electrical insulation. The coils are then reacted in a furnace at up to 915 C for a short time to melt the BSCCO powders and at 850 C for 120 h to obtain the crystallisation of the 2212 phase. The critical current density as a function of the magnetic field is measured for both wires and coils at 77 K and 4.2 K, to study the wire degradation due to the winding. More extensive electrical and ac magnetic measurements are carried out on short samples of wire, trying to determine the irreversibility temperature up to a magnetic field of 12 T.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neural Network Based Prognosis for Twodimensional Tumor-like Growth (2005)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis advisor Dr. Simon Foo for his constant guidance and advice. I would also like to thank him for being my advisor during the course of my degree. I would like to thank Dr. Uwe Meyer-Baese for his encouragement and support during the research. I am grateful to Dr. Anke Meyer-Baese for her support and guidance in these two years. I would like to acknowledge the help rendered by my friends at the Machine Intelligence Lab, whose valuable suggestion were instrumental in the successful completion of this thesis. I feel greatly indebted to Dr. Namas Chandra for the many discussions which reinforced the direction of this work on several occasions. I would also like take this opportunity to thank Dr Usha Chandra who made sure I seldom realized that I was miles away from home.
Variable-energy write STT-RAM architecture with bit-wise write-completion monitoring (2013)

In this paper we demonstrate an energy-reduction strategy that relies on the stochastic long-tail nature of the STT-RAM write operation. To move away from the traditional worst-case approach, the per-cell write process is continuously monitored and is terminated as soon as each cell's state matches the written state. Since the average write duration is far shorter than the worst-case duration, the average write energy is significantly reduced by the proposed architecture. We developed a light-weight circuit for fast state change detection and bit-line shutdown and evaluated it using a compact STT-RAM model targeting an implementation in a 16nm technology node. Our analysis indicates that at the required write-error rate the proposed architecture reduces write energy by 87.3% -- 99.5% depending on the write direction, and on average achieves 96.5% write energy saving in 16 SPEC CPU 2006 applications compared to conventional design. Compared to the best previously known architecture that exploits stochasticity (verify-on-write), we reduce write energy by approximately 6.5X.
Changes in Protein Characteristics during Soybean Storage under Adverse Conditions As Related to Tofu Making (2012)

Soybeans stored under adverse conditions decrease in protein recovery (content) in the soymilk and tofu yield. This study investigated how protein structural changes contributed to the decrease in tofu yield. Soymilks were produced from original soybeans (Proto and IA2032 cultivars) and adversely stored soybeans, respectively, and soymilk protein contents were adjusted to the same level before making into tofu. Tofu yield was compared with that made from soybeans without protein content adjustment. For understanding protein structural changes, soy proteins were extracted from Proto soybean by using different solvents, including distilled water, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 2-mercaptoethanol. The proteins in the extracts were analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. Results showed that tofu yield was more significantly affected by protein structural characteristics than the protein content in soymilk. Different levels of aggregations among 7S and 11S proteins during adverse storage were responsible for decreasing protein recovery in the soymilk.
Round Robin Test for composite-to-brick shear bond characterization (2012)

The paper presents the experience of a working group within the RILEM Technical Committee 223-MSC ‘Masonry Strengthening with Composite materials’, aimed at developing a standardized, reliable procedure for characterizing the bonding mechanism of masonry elements strengthened with composite materials under shear actions. Twelve laboratories from European universities and research centers were involved. Two different set-ups were compared, for single-lap and double-lap shear tests (the latter in two versions). Four kinds of fiber fabrics, i.e., glass, carbon, basalt and steel, were applied with epoxy resins (wet lay-up system) to clay brick units, for a total of 280 monotonic tests. The results provided information regarding the response of externally bonded-to-brick composites in terms of observed failure mechanisms, load capacity, effective transfer length, and bond shear stress–slip behavior. The test results of the 12 laboratories constitute a set of statistically representative data which may conveniently be used for setting appropriate design provisions and guidelines.
Activity of the alkylating histone-deacetylase inhibition fusion molecule EDO-S-101 in preclinical models of human glioblastoma independent from MGMT expression. (2015)

e13031 Background: EDO-S101 combines the DNA damaging effect of bendamustine with the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat. The molecule was tested in models of human MGMT negative and positive glioblastoma. Methods: Eight glioblastoma cell lines and five patient derived glioblastoma stem cell lines were studied in vitro. In vivo studies were performed in cell line xenografts using U251 (MGMT-neg.), U87MG (partially methylated MGMT), T98G (MGMT-pos.) and orthotopically, using luciferase transfected U87MG. Tumour volumes were measured to calculate time to progression (TTP), and imaging to estimate overall survival. Results: EDO-S101 demonstrated bi-functional properties in vitro by showing hyperacetylation of H3, tubulin and p53 while elevation of p21, p19 and p27, CRM1-mediated reduction of survivin and cyclin D1 activity as well as the suppression of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 indicated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Differentiation of GBM and glioblastoma stem cells was indicated by increased expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and N-cadherin and reduced expression of nestin. Antiangiogenic activity was demonstrated in vitro in human brain endothelial cells and radio sensitizing activity on clonogenic cells treated with RT. EDO-S101 versus RT or temozolamide (TMZ) and the combination of both were studied in U251, U87MG and T98G xenografts. EDO-S101 significantly increased TTP compared to TMZ irrespective of MGMT expression. TTP was significantly longer in EDO-S101 treated animals compared to RT (HR > 15.0). Similar TTPs were recorded for EDO-S101 single agent compared to the combination of RT+TMZ in U87MG and U251 models, except in T98G where EDO-S101 showed moderately higher TTP. Finally, combination of EDO-S101 with RT showed superior TTPs compared with TMZ+RT.In the orthotopic U251 model, overall survival was higher for EDO-S101 compared to TMZ and RT alone, but lower than the RT+TMZ combination Conclusions: EDO-S101 is effective in models of human glioblastoma irrespective of MGMT status and in combination with RT. The data supports studying EDO-S101 in patients with glioblastoma in a first in FIH study.
Design and Characterization of CMOS/SOI Image Sensors (2007)

The design, operation, and characterization of CMOS imagers implemented using: 1) "regular" CMOS wafers with a 0.5-mum CMOS analog process; 2) "regular" CMOS wafers with a 0.35-mum CMOS analog process; and 3) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers in conjunction with a 0.35-mum CMOS analog process, are discussed in this paper. The performances of the studied imagers are compared in terms of quantum efficiency, dark current, and optical bandwidth. It is found that there is strong dependence of quantum efficiency of the photodiodes on the architecture of the image sensor. The results of this paper are useful for designing and modeling CMOS/SOI image sensors
Prinzmetal Angina: ECG Changes and Clinical Considerations: A Consensus Paper (2014)

The incidence of Prinzmetal angina is much lower then 50 years ago for many reasons including treatment with calcium channel blocks to treat hypertension and ischemia heart disease and the decrease of smoking habits.
Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: An Update (2014)

Although a correct diagnosis of MOGCT can often be made with histologic and classic immunohistochemical studies, the new immunohistochemical pluripotency markers give higher diagnostic accuracy. Germ cell tumors represent a caricature of the phases of normal embryonic differentiation from primordial germ and stem cells to extraembryonal and somatic tissue differentiation. Since every stage of differentiation and its related tumor type exhibit characteristic markers, the analysis of their expression facilitates tumor typing, thus complementing the use of classic antibodies. They also allow a more precise evaluation of the degree of immaturity in teratoma. The new term, primitive endodermal tumors, simplifies the understanding of the complex histology of the yolk sac tumor group, as this terminology encompasses its multiple endodermal differentiations. Recently described autoimmune encephalitis due to antibodies against the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor has become the most frequent autoimmune disorder associated with ovarian teratoma.
<i>In vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>approaches to the characterization of the α<sub>2</sub>‐adrenoceptor (1999)

1. In order to more fully understand the role of the alpha2-adrenoceptor in brain function, a combination of in vitro and in vivo techniques were utilized including radioligand binding, autoradiography, brain microdialysis and antisense oligonucleotides. 2. Binding studies showed the tritiated form of the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, RX821002 (methoxy-idazoxan) labelled an apparent single population of sites in rat brain membranes with high affinity (1 nM), for which prazosin had low affinity (1107 nM). Similar studies in rabbit brain membranes found that prazosin and oxymetazoline were able to displace [3H]-RX821002 in a biphasic manner indicating the presence of subtypes of alpha2-adrenoceptors. 3. Receptor autoradiography revealed a distribution of [3H]-RX821002 binding in rat brain consistent with the labelling of all alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes, namely alpha(2A/D-), alpha2B and alpha2C. 4. In rat, in vivo brain dialysis experiments demonstrated peripherally administered RX821002 elevated basal noradrenaline in frontal cortex and also, although to a lesser extent, in ventral hippocampus. RX821002 was also able to elevate extracellular dopamine in the striatum. 5. A 7-day i.c.v. infusion of an antisense oligonucleotide targeting the alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptor, resulted in a significant reduction in the autoradiographic density of [3H]-RX821002 binding in specific brain areas, notably the lateral septal nuclei and anterior hypothalamic area. 6. Several years of research by our group has extended our knowledge of the pharmacology and function of the alpha2-adrenoceptor and has provided evidence of the roles of this receptor in the control of monoamine turnover. The successful use of antisense technology to knockdown expression of the alpha(2A/D) subtype provides future opportunities to explore the physiology of this receptor subtype.
The calculation method of DUKC for ultra large-scale ships in restricted waters (2019)

Reasonable value of Dynamic Under Keel Clearance (DUKC) of ultra large-scale ships in restricted waters is a key factor to ensure the safety of navigation, And it is also of great significance to the optimization of shipping efficiency and safety. In order to quantify the dynamic change of UKC for ultra large-scale ships, a three-dimensional safe domain model is proposed for ultra large-scale ships based on the concept of ship domain and safe speed. The DUKC is calculated on the basis of the minimum speed calculation model in transverse domain, reverse stopping distance theory and ship-following theory. The DUKC model for ultra large-scale ships is applied in restricted waters. An case study of 300000-ton VLCC in Bohai Sea shows that the calculation results are in accordance with the actual situation, which fully reflects the factors affecting the maneuverability characteristics, safe speed and traffic flow of ultra large-scale ships.
The Curse of Dimension and a Universal Method For Numerical Integration (1997)

Many high dimensional problems are difficult to solve for any numerical method. This curse of dimension means that the computational cost must increase exponentially with the dimension of the problem. A high dimension, however, can be compensated by a high degree of smoothness. We study numerical integration and prove that such a compensation is possible by a recently invented method. The method is shown to be universal, i.e., simultaneously optimal up to logarithmic factors, on two different smoothness scales. The first scale is defined by isotropic smoothness conditions, while the second scale involves anisotropic smoothness and is related to partially separable functions.
Comparison of barrier materials and deposition processes for copper integration (2002)

This paper reports the investigation of MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) TiN, and IMP (ionized metal plasma) Ta and TaN thin films as barrier layers for copper metallization. Evaluation of both deposition techniques, including step coverage, Cu adhesion, Cu diffusion and selectivity with regard to the Cu-CMP process have been performed. Successful implementation with copper metallization in high aspect ratio line and via patterns is reported.