gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Domain-Invariant Projection Learning for Zero-Shot Recognition (2018)

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen object classes without any training samples, which can be regarded as a form of transfer learning from seen classes to unseen ones. This is made possible by learning a projection between a feature space and a semantic space (e.g. attribute space). Key to ZSL is thus to learn a projection function that is robust against the often large domain gap between the seen and unseen classes. In this paper, we propose a novel ZSL model termed domain-invariant projection learning (DIPL). Our model has two novel components: (1) A domain-invariant feature self-reconstruction task is introduced to the seen/unseen class data, resulting in a simple linear formulation that casts ZSL into a min-min optimization problem. Solving the problem is non-trivial, and a novel iterative algorithm is formulated as the solver, with rigorous theoretic algorithm analysis provided. (2) To further align the two domains via the learned projection, shared semantic structure among seen and unseen classes is explored via forming superclasses in the semantic space. Extensive experiments show that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art alternatives by significant margins.
Improving availability in distributed systems with failure informers (2013)

Abstract. This paper addresses a core question in dis-tributed systems: how should applications be notified of failures? When a distributed system acts on failure re-ports, the system’s correctness and availability depend on the granularity and semantics of those reports. The system’s availability also depends on coverage (failures are reported), accuracy (reports are justified), and time-liness (reports come quickly). This paper describes Pi-geon, a failure reporting service designed to enable high availability in the applications that use it. Pigeon exposes a new abstraction, called a failure informer, which al-lows applications to take informed, application-specific recovery actions, and which encapsulates uncertainty, al-lowing applications to proceed safely in the presence of doubt. Pigeon also significantly improves over the pre-vious state of the art in the three-way trade-off among coverage, accuracy, and timeliness. 1
Characterization of recombinant human orexin receptor pharmacology in a Chinese hamster ovary cell‐line using FLIPR (1999)

The cellular mechanisms underlying the physiological effects of the orexins are poorly understood. Therefore, the pharmacology of the recombinant human orexin receptors was studied using FLIPR. Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) was monitored in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing orexin-1 (OX1) or orexin-2 (OX2) receptors using Fluo-3AM. Orexin-A and orexin-B increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration dependent manner in CHO-OX1 (pEC50=8.03+/-0.08 and 7. 30+/-0.08 respectively, n=5) and CHO-OX2 (pEC50=8.18+/-0.10 and 8. 43+/-0.09 respectively, n=5) cells. This response was typified as a rapid peak in [Ca2+]i (maximal at 6 - 8 s), followed by a gradually declining secondary phase. Thapsigargin (3 microM) or U73122 (3 microM) abolished the response. In calcium-free conditions the peak response was unaffected but the secondary phase was shortened, returning to basal values within 90 s. Calcium (1.5 mM) replacement restored the secondary phase. In conclusion, orexins cause a phospholipase C-mediated release of calcium from intracellular stores, with subsequent calcium influx.
The Epidemiology of Life‐Threatening Events* (1975)

ABSTRACT: This paper explores the epidemiology and impact (both short‐ and long‐term) of acute life‐threatening experiences among a youthful population. Interviews were conducted with 649 individuals between the ages of 13 and 30. Thirty‐four percent of these respondents reported a total of 290 analyzable, subjectively perceived death confrontation experiences. An estimate of over 2 1/2 million living ex‐suicide attempters, under age 30, was derived, and suicide was found to be a significantly unique form of death confrontation. In contrast to earlier work, panic and fear were found significantly to describe the majority of impacts reported, while avoidance appears to be the modal long‐term effect. Differential impacts and effects are reported by mode of event, and results are discussed in relation to their impact for crisis counseling.
Classification of Disturbances and Cyber-Attacks in Power Systems Using Heterogeneous Time-Synchronized Data (2015)

Visualization and situational awareness are of vital importance for power systems, as the earlier a power-system event such as a transmission line fault or cyber-attack is identified, the quicker operators can react to avoid unnecessary loss. Accurate time-synchronized data, such as system measurements and device status, provide benefits for system state monitoring. However, the time-domain analysis of such heterogeneous data to extract patterns is difficult due to the existence of transient phenomena in the analyzed measurement waveforms. This paper proposes a sequential pattern mining approach to accurately extract patterns of power-system disturbances and cyber-attacks from heterogeneous time-synchronized data, including synchrophasor measurements, relay logs, and network event monitor logs. The term common path is introduced. A common path is a sequence of critical system states in temporal order that represent individual types of disturbances and cyber-attacks. Common paths are unique signatures for each observed event type. They can be compared to observed system states for classification. In this paper, the process of automatically discovering common paths from labeled data logs is introduced. An included case study uses the common path-mining algorithm to learn common paths from a fusion of heterogeneous synchrophasor data and system logs for three types of disturbances (in terms of faults) and three types of cyber-attacks, which are similar to or mimic faults. The case study demonstrates the algorithm's effectiveness at identifying unique paths for each type of event and the accompanying classifier's ability to accurately discern each type of event.
Bupropion Extended Release Compared With Escitalopram (2006)

Bupropion XL had a sexual tolerability profile significantly better than that of escitalopram with similar HAM-D-17 remission rates and HAD total scores in patients with MDD.
Collaborative randomized beamforming for phased array radio interferometers (2015)

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will form the largest radio telescope ever built and such a huge instrument in the desert poses enormous engineering and logistic challenges. Algorithmic and architectural breakthroughs are needed. Data is collected and processed in groups of antennas before transport for central processing. This processing includes beamforming, primarily so as to reduce the amount of data sent. The principal existing technique points to a region of interest independently of the sky model and how the other stations beam-form. We propose a new collaborative beamforming algorithm in order to maximize information captured at the stations (thus reducing the amount of data transported). The method increases the diversity in measurements through randomized beamforming. We demonstrate through numerical simulation the effectiveness of the method. In particular, we show that randomized beamforming can achieve the same image quality while producing 40% less data when compared to the prevailing method matched beamforming.
Securing the Internet of Things - Security and Privacy in a Hyperconnected World (2015)

The aim of this chapter is to discuss the challenges for security and privacy in a hyperconnected world where humans are assisted by machines\nand technology, but not watched by or through them. Starting from the need to adopt the essence of “security and privacy by design”, we discuss why there is a need to embed security mechanisms in a system from the conceptual phase through the design process to ensure a maximum level of data protection and to guarantee end-to-end security.
Tsc13p Is Required for Fatty Acid Elongation and Localizes to a Novel Structure at the Nuclear-Vacuolar Interface in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2001)

The TSC13/YDL015c gene was identified in a screen for suppressors of the calcium sensitivity of csg2Delta mutants that are defective in sphingolipid synthesis. The fatty acid moiety of sphingolipids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) that is synthesized by a microsomal enzyme system that lengthens the palmitate produced by cytosolic fatty acid synthase by two carbon units in each cycle of elongation. The TSC13 gene encodes a protein required for elongation, possibly the enoyl reductase that catalyzes the last step in each cycle of elongation. The tsc13 mutant accumulates high levels of long-chain bases as well as ceramides that harbor fatty acids with chain lengths shorter than 26 carbons. These phenotypes are exacerbated by the deletion of either the ELO2 or ELO3 gene, both of which have previously been shown to be required for VLCFA synthesis. Compromising the synthesis of malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) by inactivating acetyl-CoA carboxylase in a tsc13 mutant is lethal, further supporting a role of Tsc13p in VLCFA synthesis. Tsc13p coimmunoprecipitates with Elo2p and Elo3p, suggesting that the elongating proteins are organized in a complex. Tsc13p localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and is highly enriched in a novel structure marking nuclear-vacuolar junctions.
[Effect of human VEGF165 in vitro on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells]. (2004)

pBudCE4.1/VEGF165 is successfully constructed and expressed in VECs. Expressed VEGF165 can stimulate the VEC proliferation. The present study lays the foundation for using VEGF165 gene transfection to prevent and treat vascular stenosis in transplanted organ.
Light-inducible antimiR-92a as a therapeutic strategy to promote skin repair in healing-impaired diabetic mice (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally control gene expression. Inhibition of miRs by antisense RNAs (antimiRs) might be a therapeutic option for many diseases, but systemic inhibition can have adverse effects. Here we show that light-activatable antimiRs efficiently and locally restricted target miR activity in vivo. We use an antimiR-92a and establish a therapeutic benefit in diabetic wound healing. AntimiR-92a is modified with photolabile protecting groups, so called 'cages'. Irradiation activates intradermally injected caged antimiR-92a without substantially affecting miR-92a expression in other organs. Light activation of caged antimiR-92a improves healing in diabetic mice to a similar extent as conventional antimiRs and derepresses the miR-92a targets Itga5 and Sirt1, thereby regulating wound cell proliferation and angiogenesis. These data show that light can be used to locally activate therapeutically active antimiRs in vivo.
Cognitive sensor networks for structure defect monitoring and classification using guided wave signals (2010)

This paper develops a framework of a cognitive sensor networks system for structure defect monitoring and classification using guided wave signals. Guided ultrasonic waves that can propagate long distances along civil structures have been widely studied for inspection and detection of structure damage. Smart ultrasonic sensors arranged as a spatially distributed cognitive sensor networks system can transmit and receive ultrasonic guided waves to interrogate structure defects such as cracks and corrosion. A distinguishing characteristic of the cognitive sensor networks system is that it adaptively probes and learns about the environment, which enables constant optimization in response to its changing understanding of the defect response. In this paper, we develop a sequential multiple hypothesis testing scheme combined with adaptive waveform transmission for defect monitoring and classification. The performance is verified using numerical simulations of guided elastic wave propagation on a pipe model and by Monte Carlo simulations for computing the probability of correct classification.
Holmium:YAG (<i>λ</i> = 2,120 nm) versus thulium fiber (<i>λ</i> = 1,908 nm) laser lithotripsy (2010)

UA and COM stone vaporization rates for the thulium fiber laser averaged 5-10 times higher than for the holmium laser at 70 mJ pulse energies. With further development, the thulium fiber laser may represent an alternative to the conventional holmium laser for more efficient laser lithotripsy.
Chemical Constituents of <i>Aristolochia constricta</i>: Antispasmodic Effects of Its Constituents in Guinea-Pig Ileum and Isolation of a Diterpeno−Lignan Hybrid (2008)

Twenty constituents were isolated from the n-hexane and chloroform extracts of Aristolochia constricta, a plant whose aerial parts have been used empirically in folk medicine for various purposes. The inhibitory effects of these constituents on smooth muscle contraction in isolated guinea-pig ileum were studied in order to observe their antispasmodic effects. 3,4-Dibenzyldihydrofuran-type lignans [(-)-cubebin, (-)-hinokinin, and (-)-pluviatolide] and a kaurene-type diterpene [(-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid] were isolated as active principals. They inhibited electrically induced and acetylcholine-induced contraction in the isolated guinea-pig ileum. In addition, 9- O-[(-)-kaur-15-en-17-oxyl]cubebin was isolated as a new diterpeno-lignan hybrid, although this constituent did not exhibit antispasmodic activity.
Fracking and the Rural Poor: Negative Externalities, Failing Remedies, and Federal Legislation (2015)

This Note examines the relationship between the rural poor and the negative externalities of hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”). It asserts that the rural poor are disproportionately burdened with fracking’s negative externalities and that comprehensive, national regulation is needed because current legal methods are insufficient to internalize these costs. The argument is made in four parts: describing fracking’s externalities; assessing their impact on the rural poor; analyzing current legal regimes; and proposing an equitable regulatory framework based on cooperative federalism.\nFracking produces three main categories of negative externalities: water, air, and land contamination. Water contamination can be caused by migration of fracking fluids, methane, or sediment into aquifers; air contamination may result from fugitive vapors and onsite combustion; and land contamination can occur from spills of fracking fluids and toxic runoff. Each devalues neighboring properties and has the potential to cause adverse health effects.\nFracking operations are predominantly performed in poor, rural areas, and these communities bear the brunt of fracking’s unsavory byproducts. This conclusion is reached by analyzing the poverty rates of counties with the most fracking activity in Kentucky, Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and Texas. Fracking operations are situated in rural communities because rural fracking provides more space, is cheaper, and is less burdensome than fracking in suburban or urban areas. Accordingly, residents in rural communities bear a disproportionate amount of fracking’s negative externalities.\nNeither the common law nor federal statutes provide affected landowners with sufficient access to remedies for harms caused by fracking. The doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, and strict liability have largely failed in the state courts. Federal laws—including the Clean Water Act; Clean Air Act; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act—contain significant exceptions and only apply to narrow parts of the fracking process. These laws do not adequately internalize the costs imposed on neighboring landowners by fracking operations.\nNational legislation is needed to internalize the negative externalities from fracking. Ex ante regulation will internalize more than ex post liability alone, and federal regulation will avoid problems that are common in state-by-state regulation, such as the regulation of trans-boundary pollution. Moreover, new federal regulation can incorporate techniques from similar fields that potentiate the internalization of social and environmental costs. These regulatory techniques include cooperative federalism, monitoring provisions, whistleblower protections, criminal liability, and standing for environmental groups. Federal legislation of fracking has the potential both to provide uniform, equitable regulations to this multi-state industry and to help affected landowners seek redress when accidents occur.
A Xenograft Mouse Model Coupled with In-depth Plasma Proteome Analysis Facilitates Identification of Novel Serum Biomarkers for Human Ovarian Cancer (2011)

Proteomics discovery of novel cancer serum biomarkers is hindered by the great complexity of serum, patient-to-patient variability, and triggering by the tumor of an acute-phase inflammatory reaction. This host response alters many serum protein levels in cancer patients, but these changes have low specificity as they can be triggered by diverse causes. We addressed these hurdles by utilizing a xenograft mouse model coupled with an in-depth 4-D protein profiling method to identify human proteins in the mouse serum. This strategy ensures that identified putative biomarkers are shed by the tumor, and detection of low-abundance proteins shed by the tumor is enhanced because the mouse blood volume is more than a thousand times smaller than that of a human. Using TOV-112D ovarian tumors, more than 200 human proteins were identified in the mouse serum, including novel candidate biomarkers and proteins previously reported to be elevated in either ovarian tumors or the blood of ovarian cancer patients. Subsequent quantitation of selected putative biomarkers in human sera using label-free multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry (MS) showed that chloride intracellular channel 1, the mature form of cathepsin D, and peroxiredoxin 6 were elevated significantly in sera from ovarian carcinoma patients.
Li+-Ion Conduction of Li3AlF6 Mechanically Milled with LiCl (2012)

Our investigation into the Li+-ion conductivity of Li3AlF6 revealed that electrical conductivity is dramatically increased by mechanically milling Li3AlF6 with LiCl. Electrical conductivity measurements in the temperature range of room temperature to 160°C indicated that mechanically milling Li3AlF6 samples led to a one thousand-fold increase in conductivity compared with earlier reports. The addition of LiCl yielded further enhancement in conductivity value. The broad diffraction peaks in the XRD patterns at room temperature for milled Li3AlF6 suggest a considerable reduction in the crystal grain size. The presence of two different types of Li mobility is also shown.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Fluoroquinoanthroxazines with Contrasting Dual Mechanisms of Action against Topoisomerase II and G-Quadruplexes (2003)

Topoisomerase inhibitors are important and clinically effective drugs, while G-quadruplex-interactive compounds that disrupt telomere maintenance mechanisms have yet to be proven useful in the clinic. If G-quadruplex-interactive compounds are to be clinically useful, it will most likely be in combination with more established cytotoxic agents. We have previously reported on a family of topoisomerase II inhibitors that also interact with G-quadruplexes. On the basis of previously established structure-activity relationships (SARs) for compounds that are able to inhibit topoisomerase II or interact with G-quadruplex to varying degrees, we have now designed and synthesized four new fluoroquinoanthroxazines (FQAs) that have different profiles of mixed topoisomerase II poisoning effects and G-quadruplex interactions. The biological profiles of the four new compounds were determined with respect to G-quadruplex interaction (polymerase stop and photocleavage assays) and topoisomerase II interaction (DNA cleavage and kDNA decatenation assays), alongside cytotoxicity tests with matched pairs of topoisomerase II-resistant and topoisomerase II-sensitive cells and with telomerase (+) and ALT (+) cell lines (ALT = alternative lengthening of telomeres). From this study, we have identified two FQAs with sharply contrasting profiles of potent G-quadruplex interaction with a weak topoisomerase II poisoning effect, and vice versa, for further evaluation to determine the optimum combination of these activities in subsequent in vivo studies.
Learning Noise via Dynamical Decoupling of Entangled Qubits (2022)

Noise in entangled quantum systems is difficult to characterize due to many-body effects involving multiple degrees of freedom. This noise poses a challenge to quantum computing, where two-qubit gate performance is critical. Here, we develop and apply multi-qubit dynamical decoupling sequences that characterize noise that occurs during two-qubit gates. In our superconducting system comprised of Transmon qubits with tunable couplers, we observe noise that is consistent with flux fluctuations in the coupler that simultaneously affects both qubits and induces noise in their entangling parameter. The effect of this noise on the qubits is very different from the well-studied single-qubit dephasing. Additionally, steps are observed in the decoupled signals, implying the presence of non-Gaussian noise.
Structuring PLFS for extensibility (2013)

The Parallel Log Structured Filesystem (PLFS) [5] was designed to transparently transform highly concurrent, massive high-performance computing (HPC) N-to-1 checkpoint workloads into N-to-N workloads to avoid single-file performance bottlenecks in typical HPC distributed filesystems. PLFS has produced speedups of 2-150X for N-1 workloads at Los Alamos National Lab. Having successfully improved N-1 performance, we have restructured PLFS for extensibility so that it can be applied to more workloads and storage systems. In this paper we describe PLFS' evolution from a single-purpose log-structured middleware filesystem into a more general platform for transparently translating application I/O patterns. As an example of this extensibility, we show how PLFS can now be used to enable HPC applications to perform N-1 checkpoints on an HDFS-based cloud storage system.
High-Throughput Assessment of Inhibitor Synergies on Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 Through Measurement of Surface Copper Enrichment (2007)

The identification of new corrosion inhibition systems remains dependent on experimentation for screening and characterization. One approach for the acceleration of this discovery process is through the use of high-throughput methods. This paper examines the measurement of surface copper enrichment as a method for the rapid and high-throughput screening of corrosion inhibitors and their combinations for aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3). Ninety-six AA2024-T3 wire electrodes were assembled in a reaction frame with 2-mL cells and exposed to 0.6 M sodium chloride (NaCl) containing 3.4 mM total inhibitor concentration adjusted to pH 7. Eleven single inorganic chemical species were evaluated for corrosion inhibition: sodium chromate (Na2CrO4), sodium metavanadate (NaVO3), cerium chloride (CeCl3), barium metaborate (BaB2O4), yttrium chloride (YCl3), sodium metatungstate (Na2WO4-3WO3), potassium phosphate (KH2PO4), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3), sodium phosphate (Na2PO4), and sodium molybdate (Na2Mo4). These high-throughput methods also allowed the evaluation of 44 binary combinations of these species for possible synergy between the species. The synergistic combinations of molybdate with rare earth metal cations cerium, yttrium, and lanthanum were found to rival the corrosion mitigation of sodium chromate based on the evaluation of surface copper enrichment.