gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Fans the Fire (2011)

I t is now widely accepted that inflammation and immunity play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Over the past 3 decades, it has been demonstrated that cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis and modulation of plaque stability. Similarly, recent studies in experimental models of obesity and type II diabetes mellitus have shown that not only macrophages, but also T cells and B cells are involved in the modulation of adipose depots and the development of insulin resistance. 2-5 However, even with all that is known about the important cellular players in atherogenesis, a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which immune cells influence arterial plaque formation is lacking.
Synthesis of structured triglycerides by lipase catalysis (1998)

The synthesis of structured triglycerides containing medium chain fatty acids (M) in sn1 and sn3-position and an unsaturated long-chain fatty acid (L) in sn2-position of the glycerol backbone (MLM) with 1,3-regiospecific lipases has been investigated. In an one-step synthesis (acidolysis or transesterification) various commercial lipases were tested. In all reaction systems, the recovered product contained considerable amounts of undesired byproduct (e.g. MLL). A significantly higher concentration of MLM was obtained in a two-step process under the control of the water activity: In the first step, the 2-monoglycerides (2-MG) were prepared by alcoholysis (e.g. with ethanol) of pure triglycerides (triolein and trilinolein) or a natural oil (cottonseed oil) with lipase from Rhizopus delemar immobilized on Celite® in organic solvents (e.g. methyl tert-butyl ether). The 2-MGs were purified by crystallization and isolated in yields up to 71.8% (e.g. from triolein). The 2-MGs obtained from cottonseed oil was esterified in the second step with caprylic acid in n-hexane using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme). The final product contained more than 94% caprylic acid in sn1- and sn3-position, whereas the sn2-position was composed of 78% of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. Synthese strukturierter Triglyceride durch Lipase-Katalyse Die Synthese von strukturierten Triglyceriden – die mittelkettige Fettsäuren (M) in sn1- und sn3-Position und eine ungesättigte langkettige Fettsäure (L) in sn2-Position am Glyceringerüst (MLM) tragen – durch 1,3-regiospezifische Lipasen wurde untersucht. In einem Einschrittverfahren (Acidolyse oder Umesterung) wurden verschiedene kommerzielle Lipasen eingesetzt. In allen Reaktionssystemen wurden beträchtliche Mengen des Nebenprodukts (z.B. MLL) gebildet. Wesentlich höhere Gehalte an MLM wurden in einem Zweischrittverfahren bei kontrollierter Wasseraktivität erzielt: Im ersten Schritt wurden 2-Monoglyceride (2-MG) durch Alkoholyse (z. B. mit Ethanol) von reinen Triglyceriden (z. B. Triolein, Trilinolein) oder natürlichem Öl (Baumwollsaatöl) mit Lipase aus Rhizopus delemar immobilisiert auf Celite® in organischem Lösungsmittel (z.B. Methyl-tert-Butylether) dargestellt. Diese 2-MGs wurden durch Kristallisation gereinigt und in Ausbeuten bis zu 71,8% ausgehend von Triolein isoliert. Die 2-MGs aus Baumwollsaatöl wurden im zweiten Schritt mit Caprylsäure in n-Hexan mit Lipase aus Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme) verestert. Das Endprodukt enthielt mehr als 94% Caprylsäure in sn1- und sn3-Position, während an der sn2-Position 78% ungesättigte langkettige Fettsäuren gebunden waren.
Active Learning for Teaching a Robot Grounded Relational Symbols (2013)

We investigate an interactive teaching scenario, the geometric properties of objects. There are multiple motivations for this scenario: First, state-of-the-art methods for relational reinforcement learning demonstrate that we can learn and employ strongly generalizing abstract models with great success for goal-directed object manipulation. However, these methods rely on given grounded action and state symbols and raise the classical question: Where do the symbols come from? Second, existing research on learning from humanrobot interaction has focused mostly on the motion level (e.g., imitation learning). However, if the goal of teaching is to enable the robot to autonomously solve sequential manipulation tasks in a goal-directed manner, the human should have the possibility to teach the relevant abstractions to describe the task and let the robot eventually leverage powerful relational RL methods. In this paper we formalize human-robot teaching of grounded symbols as an active learning problem, where the robot actively generates pick&amp;place geometric situations that maximize its information gain about the symbol to be learned. We demonstrate that the learned symbols can be used by a robot in a relational RL framework to learn probabilistic relational rules and use them to solve object manipulation tasks in a goal-directed manner. 1
Comparison of EEG sleep characteristic with music and aromatherapy stimuli (2018)

The quality of human's sleep can be determined by reading the bio-potentials signals in the brain, commonly called as electroencephalograph (EEG). In order to detect this signal, we placed an EEG sensor at some points around the head. In this research, we investigated the effect of Sundanese music and aromatherapy bio-composite from Myristica Fragrans on day sleep quality. We compared the EEG sleep characteristic with music and aromatherapy stimuli. The feature extraction uses wavelet transform. Finally, the experimental result shows that EEG signal frequency with music stimuli is higher than aromatherapy stimuli statistically.
A Study on Simulation of Aircraft Maintenance and Support System (2002)

Maintenance and support are basic elements to realize the effectiveness of aircraft. For basic analysis of the characteristics of an aircraft maintenance and support system, a simulation method is presented in this paper, and the structure and realization ofthe simulation system is discussed.
James II (2003)

Journal Article James II Get access Tim Harris Tim Harris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 118, Issue 479, November 2003, Pages 1393–1394, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.479.1393 Published: 01 November 2003
Label propagation in video sequences (2010)

This paper proposes a probabilistic graphical model for the problem of propagating labels in video sequences, also termed the label propagation problem. Given a limited amount of hand labelled pixels, typically the start and end frames of a chunk of video, an EM based algorithm propagates labels through the rest of the frames of the video sequence. As a result, the user obtains pixelwise labelled video sequences along with the class probabilities at each pixel. Our novel algorithm provides an essential tool to reduce tedious hand labelling of video sequences, thus producing copious amounts of useable ground truth data. A novel application of this algorithm is in semi-supervised learning of discriminative classifiers for video segmentation and scene parsing. The label propagation scheme can be based on pixel-wise correspondences obtained from motion estimation, image patch based similarities as seen in epitomic models or even the more recent, semantically consistent hierarchical regions. We compare the abilities of each of these variants, both via quantitative and qualitative studies against ground truth data. We then report studies on a state of the art Random forest classifier based video segmentation scheme, trained using fully ground truth data and with data obtained from label propagation. The results of this study strongly support and encourage the use of the proposed label propagation algorithm.
Electrochemical treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate generated by the leather industry using a Cu–graphite electrode (2013)

Electrochemical treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) generated by the leather industry was evaluated using a copper coated graphite (Cu–graphite) electrode for the elimination of refractory organic pollutants. The effect of dilution of the ROC and applied current density on the performance of electrochemical oxidation was investigated. The presence of chloride ions in the ROC favoured the complete elimination of TKN and COD removal by 98% at optimum conditions: current density, 100 mA cm−2 and electrolysis period, 6 h. The increase in ROC dilution slightly decreased the percentage removal of COD from 98% to 96%. The effect of current density on the removal of COD and TKN in raw ROC was found to be lower than in more diluted ROC. It was concluded that electrochemical treatment was more favourable for ROC samples without dilution. The generation of trihalomethanes during the electrochemical oxidation of ROC was effectively removed in an activated carbon packed bed column.
Subspace-based OFDM Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation in the Presence of DC Offset (2007)

In an OFDM receiver with direct-conversion architecture, DC offset (DCO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) cause a severe performance degradation. Recently, by investigating the subspace of OFDM signal after removing the coarse DCO estimate obtained via a time-domain average, we have proposed a null space based estimator (NSE), for blind CFO and DCO estimation. In this paper, we analyze the cost function of the NSE, and show that the full performance NSE is complexity reducible, which can indeed lead to a common null space based estimator (CNSE). Also, we develop a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE), and prove that the CNSE is equivalent to the MLE. Furthermore, the Cramer-Rao bound of CFO estimation in the presence of DCO is given. Finally the analysis results are verified by simulations.
Defect formation in thermal SiO2 by high-temperature annealing (1986)

The formation of voids (or holelike defects) in 500-Å-thick thermal oxide films on Si(100) due to thermal decomposition of SiO2 during vacuum annealing at high temperatures (&gt;1050 °C) has been studied as a function of temperature and time. The defect size distribution is sharply peaked and the density of the defects is essentially independent of annealing time. These observations suggest strongly that the void formation process is initiated at defect sites which are already present after oxidation. The kinetics of oxide void growth suggest the presence of a nucleation stage of the reaction prior to void growth.
The adhesion of <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i> to host tissues and its role in pathogenesis (1983)

Abstract. Vibrio anguillarum was shown to adhere to excised sections of rainbow trout gut in numbers which were a function of the concentration of bacterial cells and the time for which the tissue was exposed. Using a standardized method for assaying adhered bacteria the course of infection with vibriosis in rainbow trout was studied. It is suggested that the gut may be an important site of bacterial multiplication in slowly developing infections of mature fish. Bacteria adhere to gut sections of fish protected by vaccination substantially less than to sections from non‐vaccinated fish.
Automatically Indexing Millions of Databases in Microsoft Azure SQL Database (2019)

An appropriate set of indexes can result in orders of magnitude better query performance. Index management is a challenging task even for expert human administrators. Fully automating this process is of significant value. We describe the challenges, architecture, design choices, implementation, and learnings from building an industrial-strength auto-indexing service for Microsoft Azure SQL Database, a relational database service. Our service has been generally available for more than two years, generating index recommendations for every database in Azure SQL Database, automatically implementing them for a large fraction, and significantly improving performance of hundreds of thousands of databases. We also share our experience from experimentation at scale with production databases which gives us confidence in our index recommendation quality for complex real applications.
Metabolic flux analysis using <sup>13</sup><scp>C</scp> peptide label measurements (2013)

¹³C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) has become the experimental method of choice to investigate the cellular metabolism of microbes, cell cultures and plant seeds. Conventional steady-state MFA utilizes isotopic labeling measurements of amino acids obtained from protein hydrolysates. To retain spatial information in conventional steady-state MFA, tissues or subcellular fractions must be dissected or biochemically purified. In contrast, peptides retain their identity in complex protein extracts, and may therefore be associated with a specific time of expression, tissue type and subcellular compartment. To enable 'single-sample' spatially and temporally resolved steady-state flux analysis, we investigated the suitability of peptide mass distributions (PMDs) as an alternative to amino acid label measurements. PMDs are the discrete convolution of the mass distributions of the constituent amino acids of a peptide. We investigated the requirements for the unique deconvolution of PMDs into amino acid mass distributions (AAMDs), the influence of peptide sequence length on parameter sensitivity, and how AAMD and flux estimates that are determined through deconvolution compare to estimates from a conventional GC-MS measurement-based approach. Deconvolution of PMDs of the storage protein β-conglycinin of soybean (Glycine max) resulted in good AAMD and flux estimates if fluxes were directly fitted to PMDs. Unconstrained deconvolution resulted in inferior AAMD and flux estimates. PMD measurements do not include amino acid backbone fragments, which increase the information content in GC-MS-derived analyses. Nonetheless, the resulting flux maps were of comparable quality due to the precision of Orbitrap quantification and the larger number of peptide measurements.
Phytase and acid phosphatase activities in extracts from roots of temperate pasture grass and legume seedlings (1999)

Phytase and acid phosphatase activities were measured in extracts from roots of 14- to 22- day old seedlings of a range of temperate pasture species that were grown aseptically in sand culture. Phytase activity from roots of phosphorus- (P-)-deficient Trifolium subterraneum L. was characterised. Activity was enhanced by 40% when extracts were passed through Sephadex G-25, and increased by a further 20–30% with the addition of either 1 mМ EDTA or 5 mМ cysteine to assay solutions. The optimum temperature for phytase activity was 50°C and the optimum pH was 5.3. When compared with phosphatase activity measured in the roots of T. subterraneum , phytase activity exhibited narrower pH and temperature optima, and was also more strongly inhibited by Co2+, Zn2+ and AsO42− ions. Significantly, for the five pasture species examined, phytase activity was less than 5% of the total acid phosphatase activity in extracts of plant roots. Measured phytase activity ranged between 0.13 and 1.7 nkat g–1 root fresh wt and was enhanced under P-deficient relative to P-sufficient growth conditions in all of the pasture species with the exception of Trifolium repens L., for which the K m constant for activity was 50% lower in P-deficient plants. When expressed on a root fresh wt basis, increases in phytase activity of ~1.25-fold were observed for extracts from T. subterraneum and Medicago polymorpha L., and of up to 3.3-fold for Danthonia richardsonii A.B. Cashmore and Phalaris aquatica L. Increases in acid phosphatase activity with P deficiency were less evident. Between 3.1% and 4.3% only of the total phytase activity measured in root extracts was eluted from intact roots into 0.1 М NaCl.
Image analysis by Tchebichef moments (2001)

This paper introduces a new set of orthogonal moment functions based on the discrete Tchebichef polynomials. The Tchebichef moments can be effectively used as pattern features in the analysis of two-dimensional images. The implementation of the moments proposed in this paper does not involve any numerical approximation, since the basis set is orthogonal in the discrete domain of the image coordinate space. This property makes Tchebichef moments superior to the conventional orthogonal moments such as Legendre moments and Zernike moments, in terms of preserving the analytical properties needed to ensure information redundancy in a moment set. The paper also details the various computational aspects of Tchebichef moments and demonstrates their feature representation capability using the method of image reconstruction.
Ndufc2 Gene Inhibition Is Associated With Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increased Stroke Susceptibility in an Animal Model of Complex Human Disease (2016)

A significant reduction of Ndufc2 expression causes complex I dysfunction and contributes to stroke susceptibility in SHRSP. Moreover, our current evidence may suggest that Ndufc2 can contribute to an increased occurrence of early-onset ischemic stroke in humans.
<title>Comparison of different source concepts for EUVL</title> (2001)

There are some candidates discussed as potential high power EUV sources for EUV lithography. Laser produced and discharge produced plasmas are most promising. In principle, the most efficient steady state plasma can be well defined with respect to plasma temperature and density. However, the conversion efficiency of a practical EUV source is mainly determined by the efficiency of plasma generation and heating and by the dynamics during the emitting phase. The different approaches to achieve the most efficient EUV source imply different heating mechanisms, different plasma geometries, different plasma densities and different time scales. Moreover, each approach has individual technical aspects that influence the efficiency and the technical chances of realization. A general approach for comparing different EUV source concepts is presented based on a discussion of fundamental aspects of the plasma generation and based on technical issues.
TOA Estimation Based on Match-Filtering Detection for UWB Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

深入研究了UWB(ultra wideband)无线传感器网络中基于匹配滤波门限检测的TOA(time of arrival)估计算法.针对现有算法的不足,提出了一种三步TOA估计算法:先确定DP(direct path)搜索区域,然后使用门限检测确定DP的粗略位置,最后精确搜索到DP的中心.其中,用于计算检测门限的门限因子依据匹配滤波输出的峭度动态设置,设置模型独立于信道模式,其正确性通过与使用固定门限因子所获得的性能对比进行了验证.与其他算法的性能对比仿真结果表明,所提出的三步TOA估计算法在运算效率和TOA估计精度上取得了较好折衷,适合于当前实际应用.还通过对TOA估计误差的统计分析讨论了测距结果的可信度:依据峭度将测距结果划分为可信和不可信两个级别,并为各级别的TOA估计误差分别了建立概率密度模型.在定位模块中有效利用这些可信度信息,可进一步提高定位精度.
Current approaches to diagnosis of fracture consolidation disorders (2017)

Цель.Выявление персонифицированных диагностических критериев нарушений консолидации при переломах костей конечностей.Материалы и методы.В исследование включено 108 пациентов в возрасте от 20 до 40 лет (по ВОЗ) с переломами костей конечностей.Первая группа -62 пациента с неосложнённым течением переломов.Вторая (n = 46) -пациенты с нарушением консолидации.Критерием исключения из групп являлось наличие острых или хронических сопутствующих заболеваний.Данные клинического, лабораторного и инструментального методов определялись при поступлении в стационар, затем на 2, 5, 10 и 90 сутки исследования (210 показателей) и оценивались в многомерной прогностической регрессионной модели.Статистическая обработка выполнялась с помощью пакета программ STATISTICA 6.1 (StatSoft, Russia).Результаты.Используемый многомерный регрессионный анализ выявил высокую связь генотипа -25Pro/Pro гена TGFβ 1 и генотипа -2073Т/T гена EGFR-2073A > T у пациентов с нарушением консолидации по типу замедленной консолидации (p < 0,0000001).Заключение.В качестве одного из маркеров нарушения консолидации переломов костей конечностей может использоваться сочетание генотипов -25Pro/Pro гена TGFβ 1 и -2073Т/T гена EGFR, что позволит использовать персонифицированную профилактическую программу для предотвращения данной группы осложнений.Ключевые слова: переломы,
Intranasal Midazolam for Rapidly Sedating an Adult Patient (1993)

Department of Anesthesia North Shore University Hospital Cornell University Medical College Manhasset, New York
Nonacoustic noise interference in measurements of infrasonic ambient noise (1979)

Three potential nonacoustic noise sources which can interfere with low-frequency measurements of underwater ambient noise are examined. All of them are flow induced and require relative motion between the hydrophone and the water around it. Two of them result from the response of the hydrophone to different types of nonacoustic pressure fluctuations developed on the hydrophone surface by the flow. The third noise source results from the incidental sensitivity of the hydrophone to temperature inhomogeneities normally existing in the sea. It is shown that both types of flow-induced pressure fluctuations can be significant under conditions encountered in the open sea, whereas interference due to temperature fluctuations will be negligible except under unusual circumstances.
Novel Approaches in Advancing the Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: The Role of Angiogenesis Inhibition (2007)

Despite an aggressive approach of surgical cytoreduction and adjuvant combination chemotherapy, ovarian cancer mortality remains a significant problem. We are entering a new era of cancer therapeutics in which targeted therapies offer the potential for improvement in long-term disease control with fewer toxicities. The greatest success of targeted therapy to date in the setting of epithelial ovarian carcinoma has come from angiogenesis inhibition. This review will focus on the role of angiogenesis in normal ovarian function as well as in ovarian carcinoma development and disease progression. Current knowledge about the molecular pathways involved in angiogenesis and various approaches to angiogenesis inhibition in the treatment of ovarian cancer are discussed. Current data regarding the role of bevacizumab and other novel agents in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma are summarized.
Assessing Core Clinical Competencies Required of Medical Graduates in Taiwan (2006)

Medical students are assumed to be competent to provide basic patient care independently on graduation. However, there is a gap between what students are expected to learn and what they have actually learned. This may be due to the lack of clearly defined learning objectives, well-organized curriculum, and properly administered assessment. In an attempt to tackle this problem, we conducted a three-step study. Firstly, we identified the core clinical competencies required of medical graduates in Taiwan. Secondly, we incorporated these clinical competencies into a new medical curriculum. Finally, we identified the most appropriate assessment methods for each clinical competency. In 2004, a set of minimally required clinical competencies for medical undergraduates in Taiwan was developed, which included 92 clinical skills, four communication skills, and seven kinds of attitudes. In order to prepare 3rd and 4th year medical students at Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU) for later clinical work, the medical curriculum committee integrated the teaching and assessment of the core clinical skills identified previously into relevant organ-system blocks of the new curriculum. To identify appropriate assessment methods for each clinical skill, a structured questionnaire of assessment methods based on the Toolbox of Assessment Methods (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) and The Scottish Doctor (Scottish Deans' Medical Curriculum Group) was developed and distributed to 40 senior clinical faculty members at KMU. Simulations and Models, Standardized Patient Examination (SP), and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) were suggested to be most suitable to assess two-thirds of the core clinical skills. These assessment methods are commonly used in American and European medical schools. We believe that the implementation of the new curriculum at KMU accompanied by the use of Simulations and Models, SP, OSCE, and other teaching and assessment methods will help 3rd and 4th year students to prepare better for clinical practice in clerkships.