gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferometric lithography pattern delimited by a mask image (1998)

A Fourier optical system is used to address the problem of aperiodic pattern fabrication associated with interferometric lithography. The low frequency pattern defined by a pair of masks is modulated by the high- frequency interferometric pattern by splitting the optical path and introducing interferometric optics. This combined optical and interferometric system results in an image whose frequency content covers continuous high frequency regions instead of the discrete high frequency components associated with interferometric lithography. At the same time, resolution is characteristic of the interferometric rather than the optical exposure. This approach is in keeping with traditional optical lithography providing significantly enhanced pattern flexibility while still retaining the small-CD advantages of interferometric lithography. Experimental results are in good agreement with the model predictions of the product of the mask image and the interferometric line:space pattern.
Discriminative Phonotactics for Dialect Recognition Using Context-Dependent Phone Classifiers (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to dialect recognition that relies on context-dependent (CD) phonetic differences between dialects as well as phonotactics. Given a speech utterance, we obtain the phone sequence using a CD-phone recognizer. We then identify the most likely dialect of these CD-phones using SVM classifiers. Augmenting these phones with the output of these classifiers, we extract augmented phonotactic features which are subsequently given to a logistic regression classifier to obtain a dialect detection score. We test our approach on the task of detecting four Arabic dialects from 30s utterances. We compare our performance to two baselines, PRLM and GMM-UBM, as well as to our own improved version of GMM-UBM which employs fMLLR adaptation. Our approach performs significantly better than all three baselines at 5% absolute Equal Error Rate (EER). The overall EER of our system is 6%.
Ferrocene Bis(phosphonite)s:  Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Class of Sterically Congested Ligands<sup>1</sup> (2001)

The synthesis and crystallographic characterization of the ferrocene bis(phosphonite) 6 as well as the corresponding Rh(I) complex 7 containing the sterically congested dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin ring system is reported. The high yields of products obtained in three different transition-metal catalyzed reactions suggest that 6 is a robust ligand useful in variety of reactions.
Analysis of Efficient Techniques for Fast Elliptic Curve Cryptography on x86-64 based Processors. (2010)

Abstract. In this work, we analyze and present experimental data evaluating the efficiency of several techniques for speeding up the computation of elliptic curve point multiplication on emerging x86-64 processor architectures. In particular, we study the efficient combination of such techniques as elimination of conditional branches and incomplete reduction to achieve fast field arithmetic over F p. Furthermore, we study the impact of (true) data dependencies on these processors and propose several generic techniques to reduce the number of pipeline stalls, memory reads/writes and function calls. We also extend these techniques to field arithmetic over F p2, which is utilized as underlying field by the recently proposed Galbraith-Lin-Scott (GLS) method to achieve higher performance in the point multiplication. By efficiently combining all these methods with state-of-the-art elliptic curve algorithms we obtain high-speed implementations of point multiplication that are up to 31 % faster than the best previous published results on similar platforms. This research is crucial for advancing high-speed cryptography on new emerging processor architectures.
A closed-form method for improving inter-subject coherence in diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (2005)

A simple method is presented to reduce within-group inter-subject scatter in diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI). By "borrowing strength" across co-registered subjects to accommodate indirect effects of unmeasured machine and physiological noise, the method reduces voxel-specific tensor variance across subjects. The technique may aid in fiber bundle atlas construction, in testing differences between groups of subjects, and in automated outlier detection. While the technique does not in itself address DT-MRI signal artifact issues directly, it may serve to lessen the effects of these artifacts when their sources have not been measured. An example application to DT-MRI of twelve healthy male volunteers at the splenium of the corpus callosum slightly right of midline demonstrates the possible utility of the method.
Novel method for isolating human melanoblasts from keratinocyte culture (2014)

The characterization of melanoblasts is important for understanding their in vivo development, melanoma formation, and pigment-related disorders. However, no methods have been reported for the isolation of melanoblasts from human skin. Using a 'calcium-pulse' technique, involving the differentiation of human keratinocytes with high calcium and the subsequent spontaneous separation of the epidermal sheets, we effectively isolated human melanoblasts (keratinocyte-adapted melanoblasts, KaMBs) from keratinocyte culture. The KaMBs expressed early melanogenesis-related genes, including BRN2, which is a known melanoblast marker. Moreover, the KaMBs displayed much higher proliferative and growth capacities than the primary melanocytes. Considering that keratinocytes might provide an in vivo-like environment for KaMBs during isolation and in vitro culture, the 'calcium-pulse' technique offers an unprecedented, easy, and efficient method for the isolation of human melanoblasts, retaining the original characteristics of these cells.
Design of a Protein Kinase-Inducible Domain (2006)

Protein phosphorylation is a critical regulatory strategy. New tools are necessary which may be used to interrogate and are responsive to the activities of protein kinases and phosphatases. We have used protein design to develop a protein motif, termed a protein kinase-inducible domain, whose structure is dependent on its phosphorylation state. Based on an EF hand calcium-binding loop, the key design element is the replacement of a structurally critical Glu residue, which binds metal in a bidentate manner, with a serine residue, which is expected to bind metal tightly when phosphorylated but poorly when not phosphorylated. The design comprises an EF hand consensus sequence, a tryptophan at residue 7 to sensitize lanthanide luminescence, and the recognition sequence of a serine/threonine kinase. Designed peptides, which contain minimal substrate recognition motifs of the protein kinases PKA, PKC, or the MAP kinase Erk, form complexes with Tb3+ when phosphorylated, showing strong Tb3+ luminescence emission at 544 nm, but show weak luminescence when not phosphorylated. The change in fluorescence on phosphorylation is comparable to or greater than that observed in described kinase sensors. Site-specific lanthanide binding was confirmed by NMR with diamagnetic and paramagnetic metals. The kinase-inducible domain peptides comprise an expressible sequence, potentially enabling their use as genetically encoded tags of protein kinase activity. The motif is general and potentially applicable to the majority of serine/threonine kinases.
Highly bright X-ray generator using heat of fusion with a specially designed rotating anticathode (2008)

A new type of rotating anticathode X-ray generator has been developed, in which the electron beam irradiates the inner surface of a U-shaped anticathode (Cu). A high-flux electron beam is focused on the inner surface by optimizing the shape of the bending magnet. The power of the electron beam can be increased to the point at which the irradiated part of the inner surface is melted, because a strong centrifugal force fixes the melted part on the inner surface. When the irradiated part is melted, a large amount of energy is stored as the heat of fusion, resulting in emission of X-rays 4.3 times more brilliant than can be attained by a conventional rotating anticathode. Oscillating translation of the irradiated position on the inner surface during use is expected to be very advantageous for extending the target life. A carbon film coating on the inner surface is considered to suppress evaporation of the target metal and will be an important technique in further realization of highly bright X-ray generation.
Transfer Learning for Bilingual Content Classification (2015)

LinkedIn Groups provide a platform on which professionals with similar background, target and specialities can share content, take part in discussions and establish opinions on industry topics. As in most online social communities, spam content in LinkedIn Groups poses great challenges to the user experience and could eventually lead to substantial loss of active users. Building an intelligent and scalable spam detection system is highly desirable but faces difficulties such as lack of labeled training data, particularly for languages other than English. In this paper, we take the spam (Spanish) job posting detection as the target problem and build a generic machine learning pipeline for multi-lingual spam detection. The main components are feature generation and knowledge migration via transfer learning. Specifically, in the feature generation phase, a relatively large labeled data set is generated via machine translation. Together with a large set of unlabeled human written Spanish data, unigram features are generated based on the frequency. In the second phase, machine translated data are properly reweighted to capture the discrepancy from human written ones and classifiers can be built on top of them. To make effective use of a small portion of labeled data available in human written Spanish, an adaptive transfer learning algorithm is proposed to further improve the performance. We evaluate the proposed method on LinkedIn's production data and the promising results verify the efficacy of our proposed algorithm. The pipeline is ready for production.
Potential of amorphous alloys for application in magnetic devices (1978)

Amorphous alloys have potential applications in all types of magnetic devices, in both the electronic and power areas of application. For electronic devices, the properties are comparable to those of commercial alloys and the materials offer potentially much lower cost. In power applications such as transformers, losses are far lower than in materials used at present. This results in a potential favorable trade-off between first cost and a substantial energy savings throughout the life of the device. Although power applications have not been emphasized up to now, they appear to hold great promise, especially as wider amorphous tapes become available.
Cloning and in vitro expression of the human selenoprotein, type I iodothyronine deiodinase. (1992)

The type I 5' iodothyronine deiodinase (5' DI) catalyzes the deiodination of T4 to the biologically active hormone T3 and accounts for a significant fraction of its production. We have recently cloned the complementary DNA (cDNA) for the rat 5' DI, which contains the rare amino acid selenocysteine, and used this to screen human liver and kidney cDNA libraries to identify a human 5' DI cDNA clone. From these, we constructed a cDNA encoding a functional 5' DI. The 2222 base pair human 5' DI cDNA is approximately 200 nucleotides shorter than the 2.4-kilobase hybridizing band in Northern blots of human liver, kidney, and thyroid, because of missing 5' untranslated sequence and the poly A tail. The deduced amino acid sequence codes for a protein of 28.7 kilodaltons assuming the UGA codon at position 382 encodes selenocysteine, and is highly homologous (88% similarity) to the rat. We transiently expressed the 5' DI in COS-7 cells to establish that it encodes a functional enzyme and to study its kinetics. These show saturable deiodination of rT3 (Ka 0.52 +/- 0.04 mumol/L and Vmax 63.2 +/- 16.4 pmol min-1 mg-1). T4 and gold thioglucose are competitive inhibitors of rT3 deiodination. 6-n-Propylthiouracil (PTU) is an uncompetitive inhibitor (with rT3) and competitive inhibitor (with dithiothreitol) of rT3 deiodination. 6-n-Propylthiouracil inhibits T4 to T3 conversion. Labeling of COS-7 cells transiently transfected with the human 5' DI cDNA with bromoacetyl-125I-T3 demonstrates a 28-kilodalton protein. This indicates that in the human, as well as in the rat messenger RNA, the UGA encodes selenocysteine and translation terminates at the UAA codon at nucleotides 754 to 756. Reverse T3 and gold thioglucose (100 nmol/L) block bromoacetyl-125I-T3 labeling of the transiently expressed human and rat 5' DI proteins. These results demonstrate that the human 5' DI is a selenoprotein, analogous to the rat enzyme. Given the previously demonstrated critical role of the selenium atom in catalyzing deiodination by this protein, we conclude that this trace element is essential for normal thyroid hormone action in man.
ASE-Free Continuously Tunable Diode Laser with a Novel Configuration (2012)

ASE-free tunable laser is constructed in a novel design, where output beam is extracted through a fixed half-mirror and the unit composed of laser diode, lens and grating is rotatable around the pivot axis of Littman configuration.
Intracranial pressure telemetry system. I. Hardware development. (1981)

Results in the development of intracranial pressure(ICP) telemetry systems are reported. Included are a single-channel ICP system and a two-channel ICP and temperature system. The unit used hybrid-integrated circuits housed in a Kovar flatpack and packaged with polyurethane or Hysol epoxy. Battery and radio frequency (RF) induction power supplies were tested. The two-channel systems used RF power at 3.5 MHz and transmitted signals around 120 MHz. The package measures 3 x 2 x 0.8 cm and weighs 9 g. The pressure range is -20 to +100 mm Hg with accuracy to 1.0 mm Hg. The implant measures absolute pressure and has a baseline stability of better than +/- 2 mm Hg/month. 17 dogs and 4 goats were used for in vivo evaluation. A summary of results is presented. Detailed evaluation is given in section II of this paper.
Aerrow: A probe‐format graphite calorimeter for absolute dosimetry of high‐energy photon beams in the clinical environment (2017)

This work demonstrates the feasibility of using an ion chamber-sized calorimeter as a practical means of measuring absolute dose to water in the radiotherapy clinic. The potential introduction of calorimetry as a mainstream device into the clinical setting is powerful, as this fundamental technique has formed the basis of absorbed dose standards in many countries for decades and could one day form the basis of a new local absorbed dose standard for clinics.
Superbinder SH2 Domains Act as Antagonists of Cell Signaling (2012)

Protein-ligand interactions mediated by modular domains, which often play important roles in regulating cellular functions, are generally of moderate affinities. We examined the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, a modular domain that recognizes phosphorylated tyrosine (pTyr) residues, to investigate how the binding affinity of a modular domain for its ligand influences the structure and cellular function of the protein. We used the phage display method to perform directed evolution of the pTyr-binding residues in the SH2 domain of the tyrosine kinase Fyn and identified three amino acid substitutions that critically affected binding. We generated three SH2 domain triple-point mutants that were "superbinders" with much higher affinities for pTyr-containing peptides than the natural domain. Crystallographic analysis of one of these superbinders revealed that the superbinder SH2 domain recognized the pTyr moiety in a bipartite binding mode: A hydrophobic surface encompassed the phenyl ring, and a positively charged site engaged the phosphate. When expressed in mammalian cells, the superbinder SH2 domains blocked epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and inhibited anchorage-independent cell proliferation, suggesting that pTyr superbinders might be explored for therapeutic applications and useful as biological research tools. Although the SH2 domain fold can support much higher affinity for its ligand than is observed in nature, our results suggest that natural SH2 domains are not optimized for ligand binding but for specificity and flexibility, which are likely properties important for their function in signaling and regulatory processes.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NONREDUCIBLE BICYCLIC ANALOGS OF SOMATOSTATIN (1981)

Abstract Die Bis‐carba‐ Analogen (VI a) und (VIb) des bicyclischen Somatostatin‐Analogen (VIc) bzw. des Analogons (VId) werden synthetisiert: Das aus der Vorstufe (Ia) (Darstellung beschrieben) erhältliche Peptid (Ib) wird mit der Säure (II) N‐acyliert.
Serial Urinary Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 7 and the Prognosis for Acute Kidney Injury over the Course of Critical Illness (2019)

Serial urinary [TIMP-2] × [IGFBP7] at baseline, 12 and 24 h, and up through 3 days are prognostic for the occurrence of stage 2/3 AKI over the course of critical illness. Three consecutive negative values (≤0.3 (ng/mL)2/1,000) are associated with very low (13.0%) incidence of stage 2/3 AKI over the course of 7 days. Conversely, emerging or persistent, strongly positive results [>2.0 [ng/mL]2/1,000] predict very high incidence rates (up to 94.4%) of stage 2/3 AKI. There was a low rate of test results between 0.3 and 2.0 (ng/mL)2/1,000, where the primary endpoint was observed in a third of cases.
Full bandwidth dynamic coarse integral holographic displays with large field of view using a large resonant scanner and a galvanometer scanner (2018)

An efficient method to implement the coarse integral holographic (CIH) concept for dynamic CIH displays is to scan the information generated from a spatial light modulator (SLM) of a low space bandwidth product (SBP) but high bandwidth to form the hologram array for the integral optics. Previously, just over half of the SLMs bandwidth was utilized due to the fact that the galvanometer scanner in use could not tile all the holograms that the SLM is capable to produce, resulting in the loss of nearly half of the field of view (FOV). Here, we propose a full bandwidth dynamic CIH display using a large resonant scanner in conjunction with a hybrid raster scanner, which can utilize the full bandwidth of the spatial light modulator and double the horizontal FOV. Experimental results confirm that with the SLM and scanners as used, the FOV can reach 48° when the SLM reaches its full bandwidth. This approach can be used for future scalable and tileable CIH display systems.
1 ∕ f noise in magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO tunnel barriers (2006)

Electrical noise measurements are reported for magnetic tunnel junctions having magnesium oxide tunnel barriers. These junctions have resistance-area products (RAPs) of order 10–100MΩμm2 and exhibit zero-bias tunneling magnetoresistance ratios (TMRs) as high as 120% at room temperature. The TMR is bias dependent and decreases to half its maximum value for biases near 300 mV. The dominant low-frequency electrical noise is due to resistance fluctuations having a 1∕f-like power spectral dependence and a nonmagnetic origin. The normalized 1∕f noise parameter, α, is found to be of order 10−7 to 10−6 which compares favorably to magnetic tunnel junctions consisting of an aluminum oxide barrier with comparable RAPs but lower TMR. At high biases, α is found to decrease which we attribute to defect-assisted tunneling mechanisms.
Equalization of Nonlinear Propagation Distortion in Cylindrical Waveguides (2019)

A model-based pre-equalizer for propagation-induced distortion of acoustic waveforms in an air-filled waveguide at high sound pressure levels is developed. The nonlinear distortions introduced by propagation are modeled using Burgers propagation model. This equalizer is stimulus-independent and mitigates nonlinear distortion at some predefined distance in the waveguide. The pre-equalizer digitally propagates the waveform backwards using a sign-inverted propagation model. The output of the pre-equalizer is fed to the waveguide. When the forward model completely characterizes the waveguide, the waveforms arriving at the chosen destination will be identical to a delayed version of the input signal fed to the pre-equalizer. Experimental evaluations employing sinusoidal and multitone stimuli demonstrated approximately a two-fold reduction in the intermodulation distortion and a four-fold reduction in total harmonic distortion at low frequencies. These results represented a two-fold improvement over a model-based method available in the literature.
High repetition rate picosecond x-ray source (1992)

Picosecond K α x-ray pulses are produced at a repetition rate of 300 Hz from an x-ray diode via laser-driven photo emission by picosecond ultraviolet laser pulses. Deep UV radiation is used to maximize the quantum yield from photoemission from an aluminum cathode. The laser system is based on ArF excimer amplification of picosecond seed pulses of 193 nm radiation generated by sum frequency generation in BBO. Picosecond pulses from a cw mode-locked Nd:YLF laser are frequency doubled to pump a dye laser at 728 nm and also used to seed a Nd:YLF regenerative amplifier. Non-linear upconversion in a series of BBO crystals provides 193 nm seed pulses of duration less than 10 ps with energies of 1–3 μj at a repetition rate of 300 Hz. An ArF excimer discharge is used to amplify these pulses to 1–2 mJ energies. The intense picosecond UV radiation illuminates an aluminum photocathode to produce electron bunches that are accelerated across a diode gap of 1 cm and 75 kV to impact a copper target and generate characteristic hard x-ray pulses at 1.5 Å with a duration of less than 30 ps. The spatial and temporal characteristics of the x-ray source as well as results from time-resolved x-ray studies of solid surfaces will be presented.
The definition and management of Barrett’s oesophagus: a case report, review of the literature and a suggestion for the future (2009)

The definition of Barrett's oesophagus continues to evolve and there has been divergence in the diagnostic criteria internationally, which has implications for surveillance practices and research inclusion criteria. Here we describe the case of a 69-year-old female with 10 cm of gastric-type columnar-lined oesophagus confirmed on histochemical staining. Surveillance biopsies, performed according to protocol, revealed an intramucosal adenocarcinoma. The patient was successfully treated with a transhiatal oesophagectomy and a detailed examination of the entire surgical specimen confirmed that the columnar oesophagus was lined by gastric villiform mucosa complicated by intramucosal carcinoma, on the background of dysplasia with no intestinal metaplasia. This highlights the spectrum of metaplastic epithelia that can harbour malignant potential. There is a need for an international consensus on the classification of Barrett's oesophagus to aid research progress. Therefore, we propose a new classification for Barrett's oesophagus based on a combination of endoscopic and histopathological features.