gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Properties of Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides from Sheep and Goat Leukocytes (1999)

We purified three proline-rich antimicrobial peptides from elastase-treated extracts of sheep and goat leukocytes and subjected two of them, OaBac5alpha and ChBac5, to detailed analysis. OaBac5alpha and ChBac5 were homologous to each other and to bovine Bac5. Both exhibited potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity under low-concentration salt conditions. While the peptides remained active against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Listeria monocytogenes in 100 mM NaCl, they lost activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans under these conditions. ChBac5 was shown to bind lipopolysaccharide, a property that could enhance its ability to kill gram-negative bacteria. Proline-rich Bac5 peptides are highly conserved in ruminants and may contribute significantly to their innate host defense mechanisms.
A scalable monitoring approach based on aggregation and refinement (2002)

Network monitoring is an integral part of any network management system. In order to ensure end-to-end service quality stated in service level agreements (SLAs), managers of a service provider network need to gather quality-of-service (QoS) measurements from multiple nodes in the network. For a large network with over thousands of flows with end-to-end SLAs, the information exchanged between network nodes and a central network management system (NMS) could be substantial. We propose a mechanism called aggregation and refinement based monitoring (ARM) to reduce the amount of information exchange. ARM is a generic mechanism that can be configured to run with different objectives, including threshold-based, rank-based and percentile-based. The mechanism enables the NMS to collect data from network nodes using a dynamic QoS data aggregation/refinement technique, and to process these information differently depending on its measurement objective. Our simulation results show that for these various objectives, the selective refinement process is able to validate SLAs quickly, is an order of magnitude more efficient than a simple polling scheme, and performs well across a wide range of traffic loads.
Considering density through a numeracy lens: implications for science teaching (2013)

Promoting the concept of density is regarded typically as the domain of science teachers. However, density as the relationship between an object’s mass and volume highlights the importance of foundational measurement concepts located in the mathematics curriculum. As an intensive relationship, understanding density also requires a degree of proportional reasoning, but research has repeatedly shown that students’ understanding of proportion and proportional thinking is generally poor. An instructional sequence for density was developed and iteratively implemented in several middle school (fifth grade to eighth grade) classrooms using a design research approach. This paper presents an outline of the unit sequence and highlights key points within it where particular mathematics knowledge and understanding was required. The capacity of this unit for promoting proportional reasoning is discussed. In this paper, the unit sequence is further analysed through the lens of numeracy. In this analysis, a rich model of numeracy is used to consider the potential of this unit for promoting numeracy, and to draw implications for teaching of density in science with respect to consideration of the numeracy demands of this difficult topic
Perceptual metrics for character animation (2003)

Motion capture data and techniques for blending, editing, and sequencing that data can produce rich, realistic character animation; however, the output of these motion processing techniques sometimes appears unnatural. For example, the motion may violate physical laws or reflect unreasonable forces from the character or the environment. While problems such as these can be fixed, doing so is not yet feasible in real time environments. We are interested in developing ways to estimate perceived error in animated human motion so that the output quality of motion processing techniques can be better controlled to meet user goals.This paper presents results of a study of user sensitivity to errors in animated human motion. Errors were systematically added to human jumping motion, and the ability of subjects to detect these errors was measured. We found that users were able to detect motion with errors, and noted some interesting trends: errors in horizontal velocity were easier to detect than errors in vertical velocity, and added accelerations were easier to detect than added decelerations. On the basis of our results, we propose a perceptually based metric for measuring errors in ballistic human motion.
Coreceptor usage of BOB/GPR15 and Bonzo/STRL33 by primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (1999)

Primary isolates of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) use the chemokine receptor CCR5, in association with CD4, as coreceptor. During AIDS progression, HIV-1 and HIV-2 often adapt to use additional cofactors, particularly CXCR4. In contrast, SIV isolates do not use CXCR4, but other coreceptors such as BOB/GPR15 and Bonzo/STRL33. Only limited information is currently available on usage of BOB/GPR15 and Bonzo/STRL33 by HIV-1. Therefore, we investigated a panel of gp160 clones from 15 primary isolates, representing 5 different subtypes, for utilization of these cofactors. The majority of HIV-1 envelopes mediated entry into BOB/GPR15-expressing cells, albeit often with low efficiency. Usage of Bonzo/STRL33 was less common and usually inefficient. To investigate if HIV-1 entry via these orphan receptors is sufficient to allow virus replication, 15 uncloned primary HIV-1 isolates and 7 molecular clones were used to infect target cells expressing CD4 and Bonzo/STRL33 or BOB/GPR15. Three primary isolates and two molecular clones replicated efficiently in cells expressing BOB/GPR15. Two of these isolates were X4-tropic, two were R5X4-tropic and one was R5-tropic. In contrast, none of the HIV-1 variants showed significant levels of replication in Bonzo/STRL33-expressing cells. Our data show that some HIV-1 isolates of different genetic subtype and of different biological phenotype use BOB/GPR15 for productive infection and suggest that this cofactor may play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis and transmission.
All-Semiconductor Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers Based on Epitaxial Regrowth (2013)

The realization of all-semiconductor epitaxially regrown photonic crystal (PC) surface-emitting lasers is reported. PC coupling strengths, band structure, optimization of epitaxial regrowth, and operating characteristics are discussed. Room temperature operation allows agreement between theoretical and experimental band structure to be confirmed.
A survival benefit of combination antibiotic therapy for serious infections associated with sepsis and septic shock is contingent only on the risk of death: A meta-analytic/meta-regression study (2010)

Combination antibiotic therapy improves survival and clinical response of high-risk, life-threatening infections, particularly those associated with septic shock but may be detrimental to low-risk patients.
Probabilistic neural networks for fluid flow surrogate modeling and data recovery (2020)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently been applied to several fluid dynamics applications. However, there are a very limited number of studies that assess the fidelity of ANN deployments, a function of algorithm choice and training data quality, by quantifying uncertainties in predictions. This diminishes their utility for practical modeling requirements. In an effort to address this, a probabilistic NN that provides confidence intervals for its predictions in a computationally effective manner is used. This approach is demonstrated in surrogate modeling and flow reconstruction tasks with promising results.
Specification Criteria for Simple Performance Tests for Rutting, Volume I: Dynamic Modulus (E*) and Volume II: Flow Number and Flow Time (2007)

Download a PDF of "Specification Criteria for Simple Performance Tests for Rutting, Volume I: Dynamic Modulus (E*) and Volume II: Flow Number and Flow Time" by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for free.
A Survey on Odometry for Autonomous Navigation Systems (2019)

The development of a navigation system is one of the major challenges in building a fully autonomous platform. Full autonomy requires a dependable navigation capability not only in a perfect situation with clear GPS signals but also in situations, where the GPS is unreliable. Therefore, self-contained odometry systems have attracted much attention recently. This paper provides a general and comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the field of self-contained, i.e., GPS denied odometry systems, and identifies the out-coming challenges that demand further research in future. Self-contained odometry methods are categorized into five main types, i.e., wheel, inertial, laser, radar, and visual, where such categorization is based on the type of the sensor data being used for the odometry. Most of the research in the field is focused on analyzing the sensor data exhaustively or partially to extract the vehicle pose. Different combinations and fusions of sensor data in a tightly/loosely coupled manner and with filtering or optimizing fusion method have been investigated. We analyze the advantages and weaknesses of each approach in terms of different evaluation metrics, such as performance, response time, energy efficiency, and accuracy, which can be a useful guideline for researchers and engineers in the field. In the end, some future research challenges in the field are discussed.
An Area-Efficient Current-Mode Bandgap Reference With Intrinsic Robust Start-Up Behavior (2015)

During mass production, bandgap reference failure can cause chip failure, resulting in yield loss. A bandgap reference with robust start-up behavior is therefore needed. In this brief, the issue of multiple operating points is examined, along with a prior art low-voltage current-mode bandgap reference (CMBGR) structure. A CMBGR structure with only two stable operating points is proposed, which can be reliably started up with a very simple pulse generator circuit and a power-up signal. The bandgap reference is implemented in 40-nm technology, achieving a 41.5-ppm/°C nominal temperature coefficient. The current consumption is 40 μA and the active area is 0.0094 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Modern Family Planning Utilization among Married Rural Women in Ethiopia: The Case of Sululta Woreda, Oromia Special Zone (2023)

Ethiopia is one of the most populous Sub-Saharan countries characterized by high population growth rate where only 27% of women in the reproductive age group are currently using modern family planning methods. Hence, this study aimed to assess the utilization of modern family planning among married rural women in Sululta woreda of Oromia special zone. A descriptive research design was used, whereby a community based cross-sectional study was conducted among married rural women in the study area. A structured questionnaire was developed and administered to 115 randomly selected married rural women. The collected data were statistically analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. There is a high degree of awareness about family planning (88.7%) while 13.9% of the sample respondents practiced modern family planning. Injectable contraceptive was the most frequently used method (62.5%), followed by oral pills (25%). The multivariate regression analysis shows that couple’s discussion about family planning (OR = 21.472) and a large number of alive children (OR = 1.588) were found to have statistically a significant relationship with the use of modern family planning. The study revealed that modern family planning utilization was low in the study area and significantly associated with low educational status, the absence of couple’s discussion and the number of alive children. Therefore, the concerned stakeholders should encourage couples to talk freely about family planning, provide information on the benefit of birth spacing, possible side effects of contraception and encourage positive attitudes towards modern family planning use.
Effects of the rodent peroxisome proliferator and hepatocarcinogen, perfluorooctanoic acid, on apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells (1999)

The effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a potent hepatocarcinogen and peroxisome proliferator in rodents, on human cells have not yet been examined. In the present study we demonstrate that treatment of human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells with PFOA induces apoptosis, as well as perturbs the cell cycle. This apoptosis was characterized by electron microscopy, which revealed typical nucleosomal fragmentation (also observed as a 'DNA ladder' upon electrophoresis on agarose) and was quantitated using propidium iodide staining of cellular DNA and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. This process was dose- and time-dependent: apoptosis became manifest with 200 microM and maximal (45% of the cells) upon exposure to 450 microM PFOA for 24 h. Electrophoresis of the DNA from HepG2 cells exposed to 500 microM PFOA for 24 h or to 400 microM PFOA for 48 h revealed a smear typical of non-specific degradation. These findings indicate that in the presence of high concentrations of PFOA for long times, HepG2 cells undergo primary and secondary necrosis. Quantitation of trypan blue exclusion supported this conclusion. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cell cycle of HepG2 cells was perturbed by exposure to 50-150 microM PFOA. A 50 microM concentration resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of G(2)/M cells and, simultaneously, a decrease in the number of cells in the S phase, whereas treatment with 100 or 150 microM PFOA increased the proportion of cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase and decreased the number of cells in the G(2)/M and S phases. Simultaneous flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis-associated DNA strand breaks using the TUNEL procedure and of propidium iodide staining of cellular DNA revealed DNA breaks in HepG2 cells exposed to 150 microM PFOA, prior to nuclear fragmentation.
Techniques of Sclerotherapy for Sunburst Venous Blemishes (1985)

Sunburst varicosities of the lower extremities are unattractive and objectionable to many women. The treatment and eradication by sclerotherapy is simple, effective, and safe. The sclerosing agent of my choice is hypertonic saline since it is easily available, nonallergenic, inexpensive, and very effective.
Contrasting variability patterns in the default mode and sensorimotor networks balance in bipolar depression and mania (2016)

Depressive and manic phases in bipolar disorder show opposite constellations of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor symptoms. At a neural level, these may be related to topographical disbalance between large-scale networks, such as the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN). We investigated topographical patterns of variability in the resting-state signal-measured by fractional SD (fSD) of the BOLD signal-of the DMN and SMN (and other networks) in two frequency bands (Slow5 and Slow4) with their ratio and clinical correlations in depressed (n = 20), manic (n = 20), euthymic (n = 20) patients, and healthy controls (n = 40). After controlling for global signal changes, the topographical balance between the DMN and SMN, specifically in the lowest frequency band, as calculated by the Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN ratio, was significantly increased in depression, whereas the same ratio was significantly decreased in mania. Additionally, Slow5 variability was increased in the DMN and decreased in the SMN in depressed patients, whereas the opposite topographical pattern was observed in mania. Finally, the Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN ratio correlated positively with clinical scores of depressive symptoms and negatively with those of mania. Results were replicated in a smaller independent bipolar disorder sample. We demonstrated topographical abnormalities in frequency-specific resting-state variability in the balance between DMN and SMN with opposing patterns in depression and mania. The Slow5 DMN/SMN ratio was tilted toward the DMN in depression but was shifted toward the SMN in mania. The Slow5 fSD DMN/SMN pattern could constitute a state-biomarker in diagnosis and therapy.
Miniature magnetic electron lenses with permanent magnets (1995)

SUMMARY New permanent magnet materials offer the possibility of designing lenses for applications at lower voltages. This paper briefly presents the finite‐element method (FEM) program for computation of lenses based on permanent magnets. The design of a lens unit for a low‐voltage TEM, realized in Brno, is described together with some design proposals of SEM and STEM lenses and computed results for a rotation‐free projector proposed by Le Poole in 1972.
High Frequency of Germline <i>SUFU</i> Mutations in Children With Desmoplastic/Nodular Medulloblastoma Younger Than 3 Years of Age (2012)

These data indicate that germline SUFU mutations were responsible for a high proportion of desmoplastic medulloblastoma in children younger than 3 years of age. Genetic testing should be offered to all children diagnosed with sonic hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma at a young age.
DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation (2022)

Large text-to-image models achieved a remarkable leap in the evolution of AI, enabling high-quality and diverse synthesis of images from a given text prompt. However, these models lack the ability to mimic the appearance of subjects in a given reference set and synthesize novel renditions of them in different contexts. In this work, we present a new approach for "personalization" of text-to-image diffusion models. Given as input just a few images of a subject, we fine-tune a pretrained text-to-image model such that it learns to bind a unique identifier with that specific subject. Once the subject is embedded in the output domain of the model, the unique identifier can be used to synthesize novel photorealistic images of the subject contextualized in different scenes. By leveraging the semantic prior embedded in the model with a new autogenous class-specific prior preservation loss, our technique enables synthesizing the subject in diverse scenes, poses, views and lighting conditions that do not appear in the reference images. We apply our technique to several previously-unassailable tasks, including subject recontextualization, text-guided view synthesis, and artistic rendering, all while preserving the subject's key features. We also provide a new dataset and evaluation protocol for this new task of subject-driven generation. Project page: https://dreambooth.github.io/
HIV-1 matrix protein p17 promotes angiogenesis via chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 (2012)

Vascular diseases supported by aberrant angiogenesis have increased incidence in HIV-1-infected patients. Several data suggest that endothelium dysfunction relies on action of HIV-1 proteins rather than on a direct effect of the virus itself. The HIV-1 matrix protein p17 is known to deregulate the biological activity of different immune cells. Recently, p17 was found to mimic IL-8 chemokine activity by binding to the IL-8 receptor CXCR1. Here we show that p17 binds with high affinity to CXCR2, a CXCR1-related receptor, and promotes the formation of capillary-like structures on human endothelial cells (ECs) by interacting with both CXCR1 and CXCR2 expressed on the EC surface. ERK signaling via Akt was defined as the pathway responsible for p17-induced tube formation. Ex vivo and in vivo experimental models confirmed the provasculogenic activity of p17, which was comparable to that induced by VEGF-A. The hypothesis of a major role for p17 in HIV-1-induced aberrant angiogenesis is enforced by the finding that p17 is detected, as a single protein, in blood vessels of HIV-1-patients and in particular in the nucleus of ECs. Localization of p17 in the nucleus of ECs was evidenced also in in vitro experiments, suggesting the internalization of exogenous p17 in ECs by mechanisms of receptor-mediated endocytosis. Recognizing p17 interaction with CXCR1 and CXCR2 as the key event in sustaining EC aberrant angiogenesis could help us to identify new treatment strategies in combating AIDS-related vascular diseases.
Knowledge capital, growth, and the East Asian miracle (2016)

Access to schools achieves only so much if quality is poor
Iron-Superoxide Dismutase Expression in Transgenic Alfalfa Increases Winter Survival without a Detectable Increase in Photosynthetic Oxidative Stress Tolerance (2000)

To determine whether overexpression of Fe-superoxide (SOD) dismutase would increase superoxide-scavenging capacity and thereby improve the winter survival of transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants, two genotypes were transformed with the vector pEXSOD10, which contains a cDNA for Arabidopsis Fe-SOD with a chloroplast transit peptide and cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. A novel Fe-SOD was detected by native PAGE in both greenhouse- and field-grown transgenic plants, but activity varied among independent transgenic plants. The increased Fe-SOD activity was associated with increased winter survival over 2 years in field trials, but not with oxidative stress tolerance as measured by resistance of leaves to methyl viologen, a superoxide generator. Total shoot dry matter production over 2 harvest years was not associated with Fe-SOD activity. There was no detectable difference in the pattern of primary freezing injury, as shown by vital staining, nor was there additional accumulation of carbohydrates in field-acclimated roots of the transgenic alfalfa plants. We did not detect any difference in growth of one transgenic plant with high Fe-SOD activity compared with a non-transgenic control. Therefore, the improvement in winter survival did not appear to be a consequence of improved oxidative stress tolerance associated with photosynthesis, nor was it a consequence of a change in primary freezing injury. We suggest that Fe-SOD overexpression reduced secondary injury symptoms and thereby enhanced recovery from stresses experienced during winter.
Voice service in 5G network: Towards an edge-computing enhancement of voice over Wi-Fi (2016)

Nowadays, the voice over Wi-Fi (VoWiFi) is attracting an impressive number of operators, willing to enjoy the various advantages provided with an efficiently invested cost. However, regulatory laws in many countries restrict enabling VoWiFi in a Telecom operator network, due to lack of user's location information. In the 5G technologies, still under standardization today, the edge computing technologies will be introduced to enhance the Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and cloud computing concepts. Many studies addressed the edge computing technology, but we did not find any research study that uses this technology to solve the VoWiFi limitations. Our proposal consists of introducing an application on the edge computing platform allowing the retrieval of location information related to VoWiFi users.