gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extrinsic and depth calibration of ToF-cameras (2008)

Recently, ToF-cameras have attracted attention because of their ability to generate a full 2 1/2D depth image at video frame rates. Thus, ToF-cameras are suitable for real-time 3D tasks such as tracking, visual servoing or object pose estimation. The usability of such systems mainly depends on an accurate camera calibration. In this work a calibration process for ToF-cameras with respect to the intrinsic parameters, the depth measurement distortion and the pose of the camera relative to a robotpsilas end effector is described. The calibration process is not only based on the monochromatic images of the camera but also uses its depth values that are generated from a chequer-board pattern. The robustness and precision of the presented method is assessed applying it to randomly selected shots and comparing the calibrated measurements to a ground truth obtained from a laser scanner.
Fan Noise Control Using Herschel-quincke Resonators (2003)

The research effort proposed for this NASA NRA is mainly experimental. In addition, Virginia Tech is working in partnership with Goodrich Aerospace, Aerostructures Group for the analytical development needed to support the experimental endeavor, i.e. model development, design, and system studies. In this project, Herschel-Quincke (HQ)liner technology experiments will be performed at the NASA Glenn Active Noise Control Fan (ANCF) facility. A schematic of both inlet and aft HQ-liner systems installed in the ANCF rig as well as a picture of the Glenn facility is shown. The main goal is to simultaneously test in both the inlet and bypass duct sections. The by-pass duct will have HQ-systems in both the inner and outer duct walls. The main advantages of performing tests at the ANCF facility are that the effect of the inlet HQ-system on the by-pass HQ-system and vice versa, can be accurately determined from the in-duct modal data. Another significant advantage is that it offers the opportunity to assess (on a common basis) the proposed noise reduction concept on the ANCF rig which in the past has been used for assessing other active and passive noise reduction strategies.
Fabricating fibre edge filters with arbitrary spectral response based on tilted chirped grating structures (1999)

We report a new technique for fabricating fibre edge filters with arbitrary spectral response based on tilted fibre chirped gratings. The dependence of the spectral response on the tilt angle, chirp rate, fibre type and grating strength has been studied in detail. The near-linear wavelength response with tailorable slope efficiency has been demonstrated over the filtering ranges from 2 nm to 20 nm.
Pointing at 3d target projections with one-eyed and stereo cursors (2013)

We present a study of cursors for selecting 2D-projected 3D targets. We compared a stereo- and mono-rendered (one-eyed) cursor using two mouse-based and two remote pointing techniques in a 3D Fitts' law pointing experiment. The first experiment used targets at fixed depths. Results indicate that one-eyed cursors only improve screen-plane pointing techniques, and that constant target depth does not influence pointing throughput. A second experiment included pointing between targets at varying depths and used only "screen-plane" pointing techniques. Our results suggest that in the absence of stereo cue conflicts, screen-space projections of Fitts' law parameters (target size and distance) yield constant throughput despite target depth differences and produce better models of performance.
Noninvasive in vitro and in vivo assessment of epidermal hyperkeratosis and dermal fibrosis in atopic dermatitis (2009)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by hyperkeratosis of epidermis and fibrosis within dermis in chronic skin lesions. Thus far, the histology of skin lesions has been evaluated only by examination of excised specimens. A noninvasive in vivo tool is essential to evaluate the histopathological changes during the clinical course of AD. We used Cr:forsterite laser-based multimodality nonlinear microscopy to analyze the endogenous molecular signals, including third-harmonic generation (THG), second-harmonic generation (SHG), and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) from skin lesions in AD. Significant differences in thickness of epidermis and stratum corneum (SC), and modified degrees of fibrosis in dermis (measured by THG signals and SHG signals, respectively), are clearly demonstrated in in vitro studies. Increased TPF levels are positively associated with the levels of the THG signals from the SC. Our in vitro observations of histological changes are replicated in the in vivo studies. These findings were reproducible in skin lesions from human AD. For the first time, we demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical applications of Cr:forsterite laser-based nonlinear microscopy. Our findings suggest that the optical signatures of THG, TPF, and SHG can be used as molecular markers to assess the pathophysiological process of AD and the effects of local treatment.
Regulation of the catalytic activity and oligomeric composition of enzymes in reversed micelles of surfactants in organic solvents (1991)

The phenomenon of regulation of the catalytic activity of enzymes via changing their oligomeric composition in the system of reversed micelles of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) in octane was studied using alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) from bovine brain and alkaline phosphatase (AP) from calf intestinal mucosa. The dependences of the enzyme catalytic activity on the AOT hydration degree (Wo = [H2O]/[AOT]), the parameter determining the radius (rc) of the inner cavity of micelles, usually represent the bell-shaped curves. The maximal catalytic activity is observed at such Wo when rc is equal to the size of the enzyme molecule. The position of this maximum strictly correlates with the enzyme oligomeric composition. Thus, in the case of CT this is observed at Wo = 12 when rc is equal to the radius (rp) of the CT globule. In the case of artificially produced conjugate containing six cross-linked CT molecules, this is observed at Wo = 43 when rc is equal to the radius of the sphere surrounding the absolute octahedron composed of six CT globules. The dependence of the catalytic activity of AP on Wo represents a curve with two maxima that are observed when rc is equal to rp of either AP monomer (Wo = 17) or AP dimer (Wo = 25). Ultracentrifugation experiments revealed that variation of Wo causes a change in the oligomeric composition of AP - its transition from monomeric (Wo less than 20) to dimeric form (Wo greater than 20). Hence, the observed maxima correspond to functioning of different oligomeric forms of AP.
Peak load management for commercial Web servers using adaptive session-based admission control (2005)

We use a session-based workload to measure the performance of a commercial Web server. We define a session as a sequence of client requests. An overloaded Web server can experience a severe loss of throughput when measured as the number of completed sessions. Moreover, the overloaded Web server discriminates against longer sessions. Session based admission control (SBAC), introduced in (Cherkasova and Phaal, 1998; 1999), prevents a Web server from becoming overloaded and ensures that longer sessions can be completed. We propose two new adaptive admission control strategies: hybrid and predictive, aiming to optimize the performance of the SBAC mechanism. The hybrid strategy is based on a self-tunable admission control function, which adjusts itself accordingly to variations in traffic loads. It shows improved performance results for workloads with medium to long average session length. The predictive strategy estimates and predicts the number of new sessions it can accept and still guarantee processing of all future session requests. It consistently shows the best performance results for different workloads and different traffic loads.
Survey of Detection, Mitigation, and Repair Technologies to Address Problems Caused by Sensitization of Al-Mg Alloys on Navy Ships (2015)

Structural aluminum alloys are used in marine applications where light weight and increased speed are paramount. The 5xxx series alloys are the ideal choice, providing an optimum combination of as-welded strength and general corrosion resistance. A particular concern is sensitization in service. Aluminum is considered sensitized when a nearly continuous network of β phase forms along the grain boundaries. The β phase is anodic to the Al matrix, and, when exposed to sea water and sufficient loading, provides a clear pathway to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The degree of β-phase precipitation is driven by a combination of time and elevated temperature. For over a decade, SCC of Al superstructures has plagued Navy ships. To address this issue, relevant technologies have been adopted, adapted, and developed to combat this issue. More specifically, the technology areas involve the detection of sensitization, the mitigation of SCC, and the replacement of corrupt materials. The technologies discussed herein are all currently used on the waterfront, and their use is summarized in a case study at the end of this survey.
Comparison of oral lavage methods for preoperative colonic cleansing (1986)

Polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution was compared with a 10 percent mannitol solution for preoperative colonic cleansing. Eighty patients were prepared randomly with one of these solutions on the afternoon prior to surgery. Colonic cleansing was better with polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage (90 percent optimal cleansing vs. 75 percent). Analysis of hematologic, biochemical, and weight changes before and after the bowel preparation, demonstrated a mild subclinical dehydration with the use of mannitol. Evaluation of patient tolerance demonstrated more nausea, cramps, and abdominal pain with mannitol. Other symptoms were similar with both preparations. Colonic hydrogen gas was sampled during surgery, and two patients in the mannitol group had combustible levels. This study confirms that both 10 percent mannitol and polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage are safe, effective methods of preoperative bowel cleansing. Better cleansing, patient tolerance, and lower hydrogen gas level make polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage the preferred method.
Histamine-releasing activity (HRA). II. Interaction with basophils and physicochemical characterization. (1979)

1. What does the Foreign Language Index (FLI) index? In order to address this question, I crib a 14-part structure and title that will be familiar to many readers: Rosalind Krauss’s “Notes on the Index” (1977), a “classic” English language text I have found myself engaging with in recent years. This is the second issue of the FLI produced by the Society of Contemporary Art Historians (SCAH). The selected scholarship signals a range of shifts (and some continuities) within the paradigm of global contemporary art as it has been understood for the past decade or so&#8230;\n
Stresses at the Interface of Micro with Nano (2007)

Bicontinuous meso/macroporous materials with ordered tubular mesopores are inherently unstable with stresses built in at the interface of the nano/micro fractal dimensions. This is concluded by comparing the macroscopic dimensions and the unit cell size of native monoliths with those of monoliths stabilized against shrinkage by a conformal polymer coating on all macro- and mesoporous surfaces. The enhanced tendency for shrinking at the nanoscopic level is attributed to a syneresis-like mechanism where hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups in the concave internal surfaces of the tubular nanosized mesopores causes contraction.
Local image-based lighting with parallax-corrected cubemaps (2012)

Image-based lighting (IBL) is typically used for distant lighting represented by an infinite environment map. This technique has been used by many games. Games divide their scenes into several sectors and associate a cubemap (the environment mapping of choice due to its graphic hardware performance) to each of them. The cubemap of the sector where the camera is located is then used to light objects [1]. The problem with this approach is that it cannot accurately represent local reflections on specular and glossy objects.. Our game requires more accurate local reflections, which implies that a local image-based lighting technique must be used. Previous local image-based lighting approaches, such as the Half life 2 approach [2] consist of assigning an individual cubemap to each objects. These approaches suffer from lighting seams and parallax issues [3]. We introduce a new approach which avoids these artifacts while still preserving extremely high performance on current console generation hardware (PS3/XBOX360).
Song Learning, Early Nutrition and Sexual Selection in Songbirds (1998)

SYNOPSIS. The developmental processes through which songbirds acquire their species—typical songs have been well—studied from a proximate perspective, but less attention has been given to the ultimate question of why birds learn to sing. We present a new hypothesis for the adaptive significance of song learning in songbirds, suggesting that this specialized form of vocal development provides an indicator mechanism by which females can accurately assess the quality of potential mates. This hypothesis expands on the established idea that song can provide an indicator of male quality, but it explicitly links the variation in song expression that females use to choose mates to the developmental processes through which song is acquired. How well a male sings—reflected in repertoire size or in other learned features of a male's singing behavior—provides an honest indicator of quality because the timing of song learning and, more importantly, the timing of the development of brain structures mediating learning corresponds to a period in development during which young songbirds are most likely to undergo nutritional stress. This correspondence means that song learning can provide a sensitive indicator of early developmental history in general, which in turn reflects various aspects of the phenotypic and genotypic quality of a potential mate.
Comparison between continuous non-invasive estimated cardiac output by pulse wave transit time and thermodilution method (2014)

Although, esCCO is the only true non-invasive continuous CO monitor available and even though its values change proportionately to TD method (gold standard) with the present degree of error its utility for clinical/therapeutic decision-making is questionable.
Effects of a Spectral Surface Reflectance on Measurements of Backscattered Solar Radiation: Application to the MOPITT Methane Retrieval (2005)

Abstract The amount of solar radiation emerging from the top of the atmosphere is strongly influenced by the reflectance of the underlying surface. For this reason, some information about the magnitude and the spectral variability of the surface reflectance typically has to be included in the retrieval of atmospheric parameters from reflected solar radiation measurements. Sufficient information about the surface reflectance properties is rarely available, and the integration of this effect in the retrieval might turn out to be a challenge, especially for broadband instruments. In this paper the focus is on the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) remote sensing instrument. Theoretical studies are performed to investigate how a spectrally varying surface reflectance might impact the retrieval of the total column amount of methane from MOPITT radiance measurements, and the current findings are compared to observed biases. However, the findings present herein might be valuable and applicable for other remote sensing instruments that are sensitive to the amount of solar radiation reflected from the earth’s surface.
Implementation of parallel DSS for cell-based ATM physical layer (2002)

We propose a parallel distributed sample scrambling method for frame synchronous scrambler for the cell-based ATM physical layer. The speed problem encountered with the serial frame synchronization method can be resolved effectively in our approach. The proposed scrambler and descrambler are implemented by using a state equation which describes the relation between state vectors of shift registers as well as the close relation between sampling time and state transition vector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel robust MPC based aircraft auto-throttle for performing 4D contract flights (2013)

A novel robust auto-throttle controller for use within a Four-Dimensional Contract (3D+Time) flight context is introduced. Its design uses typical receding horizon techniques, with control values resulting from optimization of the predicted system response over future time intervals. The novelty is two-fold: First, the controller is designed to optimize the aircraft's fuel efficiency (represented by the Specific Fuel Consumption-SFC) along with its position during the 4D flight. Second, the control value admits a closed-form expression, which greatly simplifies its on-board calculation. Tests against conventional PID based auto-throttle controllers illustrate the current controller's superior robustness under challenging flight conditions (turbulence).
Quality assurance for image‐guided radiation therapy utilizing CT‐based technologies: A report of the AAPM TG‐179 (2012)

A program for quality control of CT-based image-guidance systems has been produced, with focus on geometry, image quality, image dose, system operation, and safety. Agreement and clarification with respect to reports from the AAPM TG-101, TG-104, TG-142, and TG-148 has been addressed.
Evaluative distractors modulate attentional disengagement: People would rather stay longer on rewards (2022)

Attentional disengagement is of great significance to individuals adapting to their environment who can benefit from disregarding the attraction of salient and task-irrelevant objects. Previous studies have suggested that, in addition to causing greater financial loss compared with neutral distractors, reward distractors hold attention longer than neutral distractors. However, few studies have directly compared the attentional disengagement differences between reward-associated and loss- or punishment-associated stimuli. In the current study, we used different color singleton stimuli tied to reward or punishment outcomes; the stimuli were present in the center of the screen. Participants were required to respond to a line within the target at a peripheral location. The results showed that the response to the target was slower when the central distractor was associated with a reward than with punishment. This finding reflects that, although participants understand that reward-associated and punishment-associated stimuli have an equal opportunity for the same economic benefit, they still take longer to disengage from a reward distractor compared with a punishment distractor.
Anonymising Queries by Semantic Decomposition. (2019)

Protecting the privacy of search engine users is an important requirement in many information retrieval scenarios. A user might not want a search engine to guess his or her information need despite requesting relevant results. We propose a method to protect the privacy of search engine users by decomposing the queries using semantically \emph{related} and unrelated \emph{distractor} terms. Instead of a single query, the search engine receives multiple decomposed query terms. Next, we reconstruct the search results relevant to the original query term by aggregating the search results retrieved for the decomposed query terms. We show that the word embeddings learnt using a distributed representation learning method can be used to find semantically related and distractor query terms. We derive the relationship between the \emph{anonymity} achieved through the proposed query anonymisation method and the \emph{reconstructability} of the original search results using the decomposed queries. We analytically study the risk of discovering the search engine users' information intents under the proposed query anonymisation method, and empirically evaluate its robustness against clustering-based attacks. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately reconstruct the search results for user queries, without compromising the privacy of the search engine users.
SULF1 and SULF2 regulate heparan sulfate-mediated GDNF signaling for esophageal innervation (2007)

Heparan sulfate (HS) plays an essential role in extracellular signaling during development. Biochemical studies have established that HS binding to ligands and receptors is regulated by the fine 6-O-sulfated structure of HS; however, mechanisms that control sulfated HS structure and associated signaling functions in vivo are not known. Extracellular HS 6-O-endosulfatases, SULF1 and SULF2, are candidate enzymatic regulators of HS 6-O-sulfated structure and modulate HS-dependent signaling. To investigate Sulf regulation of developmental signaling, we have disrupted Sulf genes in mouse and identified redundant functions of Sulfs in GDNF-dependent neural innervation and enteric glial formation in the esophagus, resulting in esophageal contractile malfunction in Sulf1(-/-);Sulf2(-/-) mice. SULF1 is expressed in GDNF-expressing esophageal muscle and SULF2 in innervating neurons, establishing their direct functions in esophageal innervation. Biochemical and cell signaling studies show that Sulfs are the major regulators of HS 6-O-desulfation, acting to reduce GDNF binding to HS and to enhance GDNF signaling and neurite sprouting in the embryonic esophagus. The functional specificity of Sulfs in GDNF signaling during esophageal innervation was established by showing that the neurite sprouting is selectively dependent on GDNF, but not on neurotrophins or other signaling ligands. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that Sulfs are essential developmental regulators of cellular HS 6-O-sulfation for matrix transmission and reception of GDNF signal from muscle to innervating neurons.
Density functional theory analysis of structural and electronic properties of orthorhombic perovskite CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> (2013)

The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 is a novel light harvester, which can greatly improve the solar-conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. In this article, a first-principle theoretical study is performed using local, semi-local and non-local exchange-correlation approximations to find a suitable method for this material. Our results, using the non-local optB86b + vdWDF functional, excellently agree with the experimental data. Thus, consideration of weak van der Waals interactions is demonstrated to be important for the accurate description of the properties of this type of organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Further analysis of the electronic properties reveals that I 5p electrons can be photo-excited to Pb 6p empty states. The main interaction between the organic cations and the inorganic framework is through the ionic bonding between CH3 and I ions. Furthermore, I atoms in the Pb-I framework are found to be chemically inequivalent because of their different chemical environments.