gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Child Protection and the Postnatal (Obstetric) Ward: A Preventative Inpatient Programme for High Risk Families (2003)

One of the frustrations for child protection workers is intuitively 'knowing' that a child is at risk, but having to wait until an incident occurs (e.g., fracture, failure to thrive, abandonment) before direct protective action can take place. This requires a that preventive protection programme can be put in place. Ideally it is preferable for a child's 'risk of harm' to have been thoroughly assessed before any such incident occurred, so that a preventive protection programme can be put in place. The ideal place for such 'preventive' assessment to occur is in the Postnatal Ward after a baby's birth. The programme has been running now for over 10 years at the John Hunter Hospital, which is a Level 6 (Tertiary/Teaching) Hospital. The programme has been facilitated by having the Level 6 Obstetric and Paediatric Hospitals on the same campus, thus allowing the Hospital Child Protection Team (originally only attached to the Paediatric Hospital) to service both disciplines.
A novel approach to automated cell counting for studying human corneal epithelial cells (2011)

A novel automated cell counting technique for cell sample images used to study the side-effects of lens cleaning solutions on human corneal epithelial cells is developed. The proposed multi-step approach integrates non-maximum suppression, seeded region growing, connected component analysis, and adaptive thresholding to produce segmentation and classification results that are robust to background illumination variation and clustering of cells. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient, and experimental results show that the average detection rate of nucleated cells is greater than 90% with the proposed technique as opposed to the state-of-the-art level set method which gives an accuracy of less than 65%.
Cryo-EM structure of the activated RET signaling complex reveals the importance of its cysteine-rich domain (2019)

Signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase RET is essential during normal development. Both gain- and loss-of-function mutations are involved in a variety of diseases, yet the molecular details of receptor activation have remained elusive. We have reconstituted the complete extracellular region of the RET signaling complex together with Neurturin (NRTN) and GFRα2 and determined its structure at 5.7-Å resolution by cryo-EM. The proteins form an assembly through RET-GFRα2 and RET-NRTN interfaces. Two key interaction points required for RET extracellular domain binding were observed: (i) the calcium-binding site in RET that contacts GFRα2 domain 3 and (ii) the RET cysteine-rich domain interaction with NRTN. The structure highlights the importance of the RET cysteine-rich domain and allows proposition of a model to explain how complex formation leads to RET receptor dimerization and its activation. This provides a framework for targeting RET activity and for further exploration of mechanisms underlying neurological diseases.
Differential rail‐to‐rail voltage‐controlled quadrature ring oscillator for low‐power implantable transceivers (2014)

A new low‐power rail‐to‐rail voltage‐controlled quadrature oscillator is presented. This oscillator was implemented to provide the frequency deviation of frequency‐shift‐keying (FSK) modulation in implantable radio‐frequency (RF) transceivers. The quadrature oscillator circuit generates differential in‐phase and quadrature‐phase ( I and Q ) signals in a two‐stage ring configuration. The proposed structure of delay cells and the start‐up circuit were implemented using IBM 130 nm CMOS technology. The frequency can be tuned between 300 kHz and 11.57 MHz by varying the supply voltage from 0.35 to 0.9 V. An average current of 5.5 µA (2.5 µW) was consumed to generate rail‐to‐rail differential quadrature signals with a frequency of 2 MHz as the target operating point dedicated to low‐power implantable transceivers.
Occupancy Detection in Vehicles Using Fisher Vector Image Representation (2013)

Due to the high volume of traffic on modern roadways, transportation agencies have proposed High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes and High Occupancy Tolling (HOT) lanes to promote car pooling. However, enforcement of the rules of these lanes is currently performed by roadside enforcement officers using visual observation. Manual roadside enforcement is known to be inefficient, costly, potentially dangerous, and ultimately ineffective. Violation rates up to 50%-80% have been reported, while manual enforcement rates of less than 10% are typical. Therefore, there is a need for automated vehicle occupancy detection to support HOV/HOT lane enforcement. A key component of determining vehicle occupancy is to determine whether or not the vehicle's front passenger seat is occupied. In this paper, we examine two methods of determining vehicle front seat occupancy using a near infrared (NIR) camera system pointed at the vehicle's front windshield. The first method examines a state-of-the-art deformable part model (DPM) based face detection system that is robust to facial pose. The second method examines state-of- the-art local aggregation based image classification using bag-of-visual-words (BOW) and Fisher vectors (FV). A dataset of 3000 images was collected on a public roadway and is used to perform the comparison. From these experiments it is clear that the image classification approach is superior for this problem.
JOpera: A Toolkit for Efficient Visual Composition of Web Services (2005)

Web services are attracting attention because of their ability to provide standard interfaces to heterogeneous distributed services. Standard interfaces make it possible to compose more complex services out of basic ones. This paper tackles the problem of visual service composition and the efficient and scalable execution of the resulting composite services. The effort revolves around the JOpera system, which combines a visual programming environment for Web services with a flexible execution engine that interacts with Web services through the simple object access protocol (SOAP), described with Web services language description (WSDL) and registered with a universal description discovery and integration (UDDI) registry. The paper explains the syntax and implementation of the JOpera Visual Composition Language (JVCL) and its ability to provide different quality of service (QoS) levels in the execution of composite services.
ALGORITHMS FOR SAFE SPACECRAFT PROXIMITY OPERATIONS (2007)

Future missions involving in-space servicing, repair, inspection, or rendezvous and docking require algorithms for safe, autonomous proximity operations. Algorithms for relative navigation, safe separation, and circumnavigation trajectory design are presented. The algorithms rely on safe, natural motion trajectories and covariance information from relative navigation to minimize the probability of spacecraft collision. The algorithms are described in the context of a space inspection mission where two attached spacecraft separate and one circumnavigates the other. These algorithms can also be applied to a variety of rendezvous or other proximity operations missions, whether autonomous or manually operated.
Raw material resource for biodegradable plastic production from cafeteria wastes (2012)

This study presents treatment performance of cafeteria waste and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in two stage process through an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR). COD removal efficiency was found as follows: SBR, 93; and UASB - SBR, 95.4%. In addition, 30% ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) was noted at high aerobic condition and phosphate (PO 4) removal efficiency increased at high anoxic conditions. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) intermediates such as acetic acid increased from 505 up to 4315 mg.l-1 in effluent of UASB reactor and successfully consumed in SBR for PHA production. Acetic acid concentration was reduced significantly in SBR from 4315 to 50 mg.l -1. During this period, PHA production was increased to 68% over cell dried weight, confirming effectiveness of sequential UASB-SBR system in producing bioplastic from cafeteria waste.
Psoriatic Arthritis Joint Fluids Are Characterized by CD8 and CD4 T Cell Clonal Expansions that Appear Antigen Driven (2001)

The CD8 alphabetaT cell receptor repertoire in joint fluid of individuals with active psoriatic arthritis contained an average of 32 major oligoclonal expansions in many variable genes of the TCR beta chain (BV) families, as shown by beta-chain CDR3 length analysis. Interestingly, a small number of oligoclonal expansions were shared between simultaneous samples of joint fluid and blood; however, most expansions found in joint fluid were not identifiable in blood emphasizing the immunologic specificity of the clonal events for the inflamed joint at a given point of time. The CD4 T cell joint fluid repertoire contained fewer and smaller oligoclonal expansions also largely restricted to the joint, suggesting that CD4 T cells participate perhaps by interacting cognitively to generate the CD8 clones. The inferred amino acid sequence of a single CD8 oligoclonal expansion revealed that they usually are composed of one or a few structurally related clones at the amino acid sequence level with beta-chains that encode identical or highly homologous CDR3 motifs. These were not shared among patients. Moreover, several clones that encoded the same amino acid sequence were found to be structurally distinct at the nucleotide level, strongly implying clonal selection and expansion is operating at the level of specific TCR-peptide interactions. The findings support a model of psoriatic arthritis inflammation involving extensive and selective Ag, likely autoantigen, driven intra-articular CD4, and CD8 T cell clonal expansions.
Detection thresholds of iterative MIMO processing (2003)

This paper studies threshold effects of iterative detection and decoding on multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) channels using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart technique.
Photovoltaic Solar Energy (2010)

Technological learning is a key driver behind the improvement of energy technologies and subsequent reduction of production costs. Understanding how and why production costs for energy technologies decline, and whether they will continue to do so in the future, is of crucial importance for policy makers, industrial stakeholders and scientists alike. This timely and informative book therefore provides a comprehensive review of technological development and cost reductions for renewable energy, clean fossil fuel and energy-efficient demand-side technologies.
In situ compressive properties of the glenoid labrum (2000)

The purpose of this study was to measure the structural stiffness (load/displacement response) and elastic modulus (stress-strain response) of the glenoid labrum at different locations throughout the tissue. It was intended that the results of this work would serve to define the properties of the labrum. This in turn may permit a better understanding of labral function and of the mechanics of injury or degeneration and may ultimately contribute to improving the design of future labral reconstruction procedures. In addition, these data may allow incorporation of labral properties into a glenoid arthroplasty component. The testing procedure consisted of rapid compression of the labrum using a flat indentor. Stiffness and modulus results demonstrated differences between the superior and inferior portions of the labrum. The elastic moduli findings for the labrum were 0.18 +/- 0.17, 0.11 +/- 0.16, and 0.23 +/- 0.20 MPa for the inferior anterior, inferior, and inferior posterior sections, respectively. The superior anterior, superior, and superior posterior sections were respectively 0.19 +/- 0.09, 0. 32 +/- 0.22, and 0.41 +/- 0.32 MPa. These results are similar to those of knee menisci. The modulus findings for the substrate cartilage were 1.92 +/- 0.78, 1.99 +/- 0.70, and 2.00 +/- 1.33 MPa for the inferior anterior, inferior, and inferior posterior sections, respectively. The superior anterior, superior, and superior posterior sections were respectively 1.60 +/- 0.79, 1.29 +/- 0.75, and 1.42 +/- 0.54 MPa, which are comparable to previous cartilage findings.
REVIEW OF IMPLEMENTING FOG COMPUTING (2015)

Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network.Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users.It is a model in which data, processing and applications are concentrated in devices at the network edge rather than existing almost entirely in the cloud.This document describes the various features of Fog Computing and a case study along with the actual implementation of fog computing in traffic analysis to understand how fog computing is applied to the edge environment.This document also contains the difference between the fog computing and cloud computing.
Progress of topcoat and resist development for 193nm immersion lithography (2006)

193nm immersion lithography is the most promising lithography candidate for 45nm node technology and beyond. However, immersion specific issue, such as the immersion specific defect and the leaching of resists compound into immersion fluid, still exists without any effective countermeasure. To realize a productive 193nm immersion lithography process, we have to develop a cost effective material that might be immersion dedicated resist. In this paper, we investigated the leaching with different polymer protective agents and hydrophobicity. It was found that the leaching amount was strongly related to the activation energy of the protective agent and hydrophobicity of the polymer. Higher activation energy of protective agents and higher hydrophobicity of polymer showed less amount of leaching. In this paper, newly developed developable type topcoat TILC<sup>TM</sup>-031 demonstrated the excellent ability of immersion defect prevention.
Randomized phase II study of recombinant human endostatin in combination with chemotherapy in previously untreated extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (NCT00912392). (2012)

7091 Background: Endostar (recombinant human endostatin) is a novel antiangiogenesis drug developed in China for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because of promising efficacy signals, we performed a randomized phase II trial to assess the efficacy and safety of adding endostar to first-line standard chemotherapy for treatment of chemonaive extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: Extensive-stage SCLC patients with a performance status 0-2 were randomly assigned to endostar group (endostar 7.5mg/m 2 D1-D14 with carboplatin AUC=5 plus etoposide 60mg/m 2 D1-D5 of a 21-day cycle for six cycles) or the control group (the same dose of carboplatin plus etoposide). Patients in endostar treatment group with CR, PR and SD were treated with single-agent endostar until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point is progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary end points are overall survival (OS) and response rate (RR). Results: 140 patients were enrolled from June 2009 to June 2011, and 137 patients were included in full analysis set. 68 patients were randomly assigned to the endostar treatment and 69 patients to the control group. Median age was 57 years and 80.9% for male in the endostar group while median age was 58 years and 85.5% for male in the control group. Median PFS was similar for endostar and control group (6.2 v 5.9 months, P=0.163, HR 0.762; 95%CI 0.519-1.119). Median overall survival (OS) was also similar for both groups (12.4 v 12.3 months, P=0.475, HR 0.835; 95%CI 0.508-1.371). Overall RR were 76.5% for endostar group and 68.1% for the control group (p=0.275). 20 patients in the endostar group completed six cycles of therapy and subsequently treated with single-agent endostar as maintenance therapy and the median PFS and OS were 6.8 and 12.4 months respectively. The rate of ≥ 3 grade adverse events occurred in both groups was similar and no new or unexpected safety signals for endostar were observed. Conclusions: The addition of endostar to carboplatin plus etoposide for treatment of extensive stage SCLC didn’t improve the PFS significantly, with an acceptable toxicity profile. And no improvement in OS was observed.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes for flow-induced voltage generation (2007)

Recently it has been reported that voltage can be generated by passing fluids over single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) arrays with potential application to flow sensors with a large dynamic range. The present work investigates voltage generation properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a function of the relative orientation of the nanotube array with respect to the flow direction, flow velocity, and solution ionic strength. It was found that the flow-induced voltage can be significantly enhanced by aligning the nanotubes along the flow direction, increasing the flow velocity and/or the ionic strength of the flowing liquid. A flow-induced voltage of ∼30mV has been generated from our perpendicularly-aligned MWCNT in an aqueous solution of 1M NaCl at a relatively low flow velocity of 0.0005m∕s, which is 15 times higher than the highest voltage reported for single-walled carbon nanotubes. The results are generally consistent with the pulsating asymmetric ratcheting mechanism proposed for SWCNT arrays, in which an asymmetrical spatial distributed strain forms from interactions with the polar and ionic species at the tube surface and is driven along the tube by the fluid flow.
Validation of Laser Diffraction Method as a Substitute for Cascade Impaction in the European Project for a Nebulizer Standard (2001)

The project for a European standard testing procedure to characterize nebulizers in terms of particle size distribution has been based on using the Andersen-Marple personal cascade impactor model 298 (A-MPCI) with a sodium fluoride reference solution. In the present study methods based on laser diffraction (Mastersizer-X) and time-of-flight (TOF)(APS) and another cascade impactor (GS1-CI) were compared with the A-MPCI. Two types of nebulizer (Pari LC+ and Microneb) were tested with all apparatuses, and a third type of nebulizer (NL9) was tested with the A-MPCI and Mastersizer-X. Nebulizers were charged with a solution of sodium fluoride in conditions reproducing the European Committee for Normalization (CEN) protocol. There was no difference between the Mastersizer-X and the A-MPCI or between the GS1-CI and the A-MPCI in terms of mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD). Comparison between the APS and the A-MPCI showed a significant difference with the Microneb. The geometric standard deviations (GSD) obtained with the A-MPCI were on average 10% greater than GSD obtained with the other apparatuses, but the differences were not statistically significant. We conclude that laser diffraction can be used for particle size distribution in the context of the European standard, and that the Mastersizer-X is particularly interesting for industrial practice in view of its simplicity and robustness.
Different DNA Elements Can Modulate the Conformation of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Heterodimer and Its Transcriptional Activity (1996)

Thyroid-hormone receptors (TRs) form heterodimers with retinoid-X receptors (RXRs) on thyroid-hormone-response elements (TREs). However, it is not known whether the formation of liganded TR/RXR heterodimer on a TRE alone is sufficient to dictate transcriptional activity. We designed several mutated DR4s (half-sites arranged as direct repeats with a nucleotide gap of 4) that bound TR/RXR heterodimers preferentially, and employed them to characterize functional and biochemical properties of the heterodimers on DNA. Although TR/RXR heterodimer binding was similar on some of the mutated DR4s, transient transfection assays showed that TRalpha failed to support triiodothyronine (T3)-stimulated transcription on "inactive" DR4s but mediated basal repression on both "active" and inactive mutated DR4. T3 binding assays showed that the mutated DR4s did not affect T3 binding to the heterodimer. Finally, partial proteolysis studies revealed that binding of active DR4 elements and T3 to the heterodimer synergistically enhanced heterodimerization-induced protease resistance of TR, but not RXR, in the heterodimer. These results suggest that: 1) liganded TR/RXR heterodimer binding to a DR4 is not sufficient for transcriptional activation of the target gene, and 2) DNA sequences in specific TREs may modify T3-mediated transcription by affecting the conformation of the liganded heterodimer.
ADVANCEMENTS IN LASER TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS TO ACCELERATORS (2010)

A brief review on the emergent applications of laser technology to particle accelerators is provided. Important developments of key elements in laser technology that lead to the applications are described.
Nanosponges: A Novel Class of Drug Delivery System - Review (2012)

Effective targeted drug delivery systems have been a dream for a long time, but it has been largely frustrated by the complex chemistry that is involved in the development of new systems. The invention of nanosponges has become a significant step toward overcoming these problems. Nanosponges are tiny sponges with a size of about a virus, which can be filled with a wide variety of drugs. These tiny sponges can circulate around the body until they encounter the specific target site and stick on the surface and begin to release the drug in a controlled and predictable manner. Because the drug can be released at the specific target site instead of circulating throughout the body it will be more effective for a particular given dosage. Another important character of these sponges is their aqueous solubility; this allows the use of these systems effectively for drugs with poor solubility.
A systematic review on the accuracy and the clinical outcome of computer‐guided template‐based implant dentistry (2009)

Computer-guided template-based implant placement showed high implant survival rates ranging from 91% to 100%. However, a considerable number of technique-related perioperative complications were observed. Preclinical and clinical studies indicated a reasonable mean accuracy with relatively high maximum deviations. Future research should be directed to increase the number of clinical studies with longer observation periods and to improve the systems in terms of perioperative handling, accuracy and prosthetic complications.
Cell-cycle-controlled radiation therapy was effective for treating a murine malignant melanoma cell line in vitro and in vivo (2016)

Radiotherapy is a commonly used regimen for treating various types of intractable cancers, although the effects depend on the cell cycle of the targeted cancer cell lines, and for irradiation purposes it is therefore critical to establish a protocol for controlling the cell cycle. Here, we showed that a common murine melanoma cell line B16BL6 was more vulnerable to irradiation during the early S phase, and that synchronisation of the cell cycle greatly increased the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy. Cell-sorting experiments, according to cell-cycle phase, using B16BL6 cells demonstrated that cells in the early S phase were the most susceptible to radiotherapy. Gemcitabine, a clinically utilised anti-cancer drug, induced cell-cycle arrest during the early S phase in B16BL6 cells, and thus a synergistic therapeutic effect was observed when irradiation was administered at the right time. Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 exhibited similar properties to B16BL6 in terms of its radiosensitivity during the S/G2/M phase and also demonstrated a synergistic effect of cell cycle synchronisation. These results show the importance of cell-cycle control in the application of irradiation and suggest a suitable time interval between chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as providing useful information for treating intractable cancer.