gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Spectrum Allocation Methods for Wireless Network Providers (2006)

The secondary market spectrum policy adopted by FCC opens the opportunities of flexible spectrum leasing and transfer between wireless network providers (NPs). When trading and allocating spectrum with the emerging market-oriented approach, the wireless NPs need to consider the economic influence when determining the needed spectrum. This paper proposes flexible spectrum allocation (FSA) methods for the NPs to choose by taking into account the NP's operation revenue and provided QoS. Different criteria and corresponding optimization methods are designed for the NPs to determine appropriate amount of spectrum to apply and the respective amount of spectrum to allocate to its managed multiple radio access technologies (RATs). The system architecture incorporating the proposed methods for the NPs to coordinate spectrum sharing is also presented in this paper
Improved simultaneous co-fermentation of glucose and xylose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for efficient lignocellulosic biorefinery (2020)

Owing to its superior co-fermentation performance and ability for further engineering, XUSEA has potential as a platform in a lignocellulosic biorefinery toward realizing a more economical and sustainable process for large-scale bioethanol production.
A stabilized aerosol generator (1981)

Pneumatic nebulizers are commonly used to aerosolize solutions, but are not a stable source of aerosols. Evaporative solvent losses concentrate the solution causing a corresponding increase in nebulizer output. The addition of a simple double reservoir system will stabilize the output of a commercially available pneumatic nebulizer by isolating the effects of solvent evaporation to a small transient portion of the solution.
Compensated Readout for High-Density MOS-Gated Memristor Crossbar Array (2014)

Leakage current is one of the main challenges facing high-density MOS-gated memristor arrays. In this study, we show that leakage current ruins the memory readout process for high-density arrays, and analyze the tradeoff between the array density and its power consumption. We propose a novel readout technique and its underlying circuitry, which is able to compensate for the transistor leakage-current effect in the high-density gated memristor array.
3‐(4‐Hydroxyphenylthio)pyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones (1985)

Abstract 3‐(4‐Hydroxyphenylthio)pyrrolidine‐2,5‐diones were prepared by the conjugate addition of substituted 4‐hydroxybenzenethiols to 1‐alkyl‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐2,5‐diones. The analytical and spectral data are reported.
Environmentally acceptable water soluble corrosional inhibitors (1995)

The environmental impact of specialty chemicals for use in hydrocarbon production is receiving increased attention, especially in cases where they find their way into the sea or are used in sensitive land areas. This paper documents test results which trace development of corrosion inhibitors with significantly improved environmental properties. Discussions include corrosion inhibition, organism toxicity, partitioning coefficients, biodegradability and field testing.
Toward a Rapidly Acting Antidepressant: The Normetanephrine and Extraneuronal Monoamine Transporter (Uptake 2) Hypothesis (2004)

The authors propose the hypothesis that drugs or other agents that increase levels of normetanephrine or otherwise inhibit the extraneuronal monoamine transporter, uptake 2, in the brain will speed up the clinical effects of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs.
All solution-processed red organic light-emitting diode based on a new thermally cross-linked heteroleptic Ir(<scp>iii</scp>) complex (2018)

A novel cross-linkable red iridium(<sc>iii</sc>) complex and electron transport material were designed and synthesized. The newly cross-linkable red Ir(<sc>iii</sc>) complex was successfully thermally cross-linked with a cross-linkable host in the emitting layer (EML). After cross-linking, the EML was not damaged by organic solvents.
A Fast-Response BUCK Converter with Adaptive Detect and Transient Enhancement Techniques (2018)

This paper presents a fast-response BUCK converter with adaptive transient detect technique (ATDT) and transient enhancement technique (TET). In order to reduce output overshoot and undershoot voltages and achieve shorter recovery time after load change, an adaptive transient detect module is adopted to determine one-shot transient response time, duty cycle will be set to 100% or 0% instantaneously and regulation speed of compensation capacitor voltage will be also enhanced during this time. Besides, oscillation issue is effectively avoided with proposed TET. The presented fast-response BUCK has been implemented in a 0.35μm BCD process, whose verified results are provided to demonstrate the stability and fast response of proposed converter. Compared with conventional BUCK converter, the transient response time is speeded up by more than 2.4X, and the overshoot voltage is shrunk by 0.64X while achieving 0.42X undershoot voltage.
Structural analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen by monoclonal antibodies. (1985)

A method has been developed for the analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) antigenic structure at the molecular level that creates "fingerprints" or "signatures" of various hepatitis B viral (HBV) strains. This technique employs high affinity IgM and IgG monoclonal antibodies (anti-HBs) directed against distinct and separate determinants on HBsAg. In performing this antigenic structural analysis, separate binding curves for different monoclonal anti-HBs are generated by measuring immunoreactivity in serial dilutions of HBsAg-positive serum by radioimmunoassay. Since the HBsAg concentration in serum is unknown, the binding profiles of groups of samples are aligned by an iterative least-squares procedure to generate the numerical signature characteristic of the viral strain. The numerical signatures are then displayed on a computer-graphic plot. The signature profiles of HBsAg subtypes are a true reflection of their antigenic structure, and in vertical and horizontal transmission studies the molecular characteristics of the viral epitopes are conserved. By signature analysis we found substantial antigenic heterogeneity among the ayw3 strain both in the U.S. and France, as well as in populations of the Far East and Africa. Populations in Ethiopia, Gambia, and the Philippines were infected with two antigenically distinct HBV strains. In some newly identified HBV strains, it was found that epitopes identified by some monoclonal antibodies were absent or substantially reduced, which suggested that a genetic mutation may have occurred. Thus this study suggests that there is far more antigenic heterogeneity in HBV than previously recognized. These variants are antigenically distinct from each other at the epitope level, and were heretofore unrecognized by polyvalent anti-HBsAg antibodies.
A Pan-Lyssavirus Taqman Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for the Detection of Highly Variable Rabies virus and Other Lyssaviruses (2017)

Rabies, resulting from infection by Rabies virus (RABV) and related lyssaviruses, is one of the most deadly zoonotic diseases and is responsible for up to 70,000 estimated human deaths worldwide each year. Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis of rabies is essential for timely administration of post-exposure prophylaxis in humans and control of the disease in animals. Currently, only the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test is recommended for routine rabies diagnosis. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic methods have been widely adapted for the diagnosis of other viral pathogens, but there is currently no widely accepted rapid real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of all lyssaviruses. In this study, we demonstrate the validation of a newly developed multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay named LN34, which uses a combination of degenerate primers and probes along with probe modifications to achieve superior coverage of the Lyssavirus genus while maintaining sensitivity and specificity. The primers and probes of the LN34 assay target the highly conserved non-coding leader region and part of the nucleoprotein (N) coding sequence of the Lyssavirus genome to maintain assay robustness. The probes were further modified by locked nucleotides to increase their melting temperature to meet the requirements for an optimal real-time RT-PCR assay. The LN34 assay was able to detect all RABV variants and other lyssaviruses in a validation panel that included representative RABV isolates from most regions of the world as well as representatives of 13 additional Lyssavirus species. The LN34 assay was successfully used for both ante-mortem and post-mortem diagnosis of over 200 clinical samples as well as field derived surveillance samples. This assay represents a major improvement over previously published rabies specific RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR assays because of its ability to universally detect RABV and other lyssaviruses, its high throughput capability and its simplicity of use, which can be quickly adapted in a laboratory to enhance the capacity of rabies molecular diagnostics. The LN34 assay provides an alternative approach for rabies diagnostics, especially in rural areas and rabies endemic regions that lack the conditions and broad experience required to run the standard DFA assay.
A high storage capacity neural network content-addressable memory (1991)

A new neural network design is developed and studied for error-correcting content-addressable memory (CAM). Relative to the size of the network, the design enables the storage and error-correcting retrieval of many more random patterns than has previously been possible. This increase in storage capacity is achieved by using hidden units to assist in the process of storing and retrieving patterns over the visible units. Key components of the design are the mean-field-theory learning algorithm adapted for CAM (MFT-CAM), an error-correcting retrieval algorithm for networks with hidden units, and an architecture that is not fully connected. Random pattern storage capacity appears to scale linearly with the number of hidden units, with a slope in the range 13–18, the largest networks investigated stored 4–6 bits per connection. As the ratio of the number of hidden to visible units increases, the algorithm must contend with a random-weight. Identity-map effect that creates spurious stable visible states and limits the error-correcting basins of attraction. In networks without hidden units, the error-correcting basins are found to be somewhat larger than those of the symmetric Perceptron algorithm, which has previously been shown to be a special limit of the MFT-CAM algorithm.
Effect of the addition of aramid-CTBN block copolymer on adhesive properties of cured epoxy resins modified with CTBN (1995)

Abstract To improve the bond strength of carboxy-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN)-modified epoxy resin, aramid-CTBN block copolymer was used as an additive to a bisphenol-A-type epoxy resin modified with CTBN. With the addition of aramid-CTBN block copolymer, the fracture energy values of the adhesive joints were more than twice that of the CTBN-modified system and about twelve times that of the unmodified system. Observations of the adhesive layers using an optical microscope revealed that the width of the damage zone near the crack-tip in the double cantilever specimen increased with the addition of the aramid-CTBN block copolymer. TEM micrographs showed that the diameter of the CTBN-dispersed phases decreased and a number of fine CTBN phases were dispersed in the epoxy matrix with the addition of the block copolymer. It is concluded that addition of the block copolymer leads to an increase in the dispersibility of the CTBN elastomer into the epoxy matrix and thus the bond strength of the block copolymer-added system is increased due to the increase in the area of the damage zone and the occurrence of shear deformation of the epoxy matrix. Keywords: Joint strengthblock copolymerepoxy resinCTBNdamage zoneadhesive joint
Energy efficient OFDM transceiver design based on traffic tracking and adaptive bandwidth adjustment (2011)

This paper proposes a novel scheme to reduce energy consumption of digital transceivers with OFDM as the modulation scheme. The energy consumption of transceivers is saved based on two key techniques: 1) adaptively tune the bandwidth and sampling rate of the OFDM signal; 2) selectively power off individual block of parallel modules in the transceiver. Performance analysis illustrate that the newly designed transceiver consumes a significantly less amount of energy as compared to the conventional transceiver.
End-to-End Multi-Person Audio/Visual Automatic Speech Recognition (2020)

Traditionally, audio-visual automatic speech recognition has been studied under the assumption that the speaking face on the visual signal is the face matching the audio. However, in a more realistic setting, when multiple faces are potentially on screen one needs to decide which face to feed to the A/V ASR system. The present work takes the recent progress of A/V ASR one step further and considers the scenario where multiple people are simultaneously on screen (multi-person A/V ASR). We propose a fully differentiable A/V ASR model that is able to handle multiple face tracks in a video. Instead of relying on two separate models for speaker face selection and audiovisual ASR on a single face track, we introduce an attention layer to the ASR encoder that is able to soft-select the appropriate face video track. Experiments carried out on an A/V system trained on over 30k hours of YouTube videos illustrate that the proposed approach can automatically select the proper face tracks with minor WER degradation compared to an oracle selection of the speaking face while still showing benefits of employing the visual signal instead of the audio alone.
Determination of the acetabular cup implant stability using an acoustic method based on the impact between the hammer and the ancillary (2017)

The hemispherical acetabular cup (AC) implant is used during total hip replacement surgery and is inserted in the acetabulum using impacts applied with an orthopedic hammer. However, the assessment of the AC implant primary stability remains difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of retrieving the AC implant stability based on impact signal analyses. AC implants with various sizes were inserted in 12 cadaveric hips following the same protocol as the one employed in the clinic. An instrumented hammer was then used to measure the variation of the force as a function of time produced during the impact between the hammer and the ancillary. Then, an indicator I was determined for each impact based on the impact momentum. A significant correlation (R² = 0.69) was found between I and the pull-out force. Moreover, a tridimensional axisymmetric finite element model was developed to simulate the insertion processes of the AC implant into bone tissue during impacts. The variation of the force applied between the hammer and the ancillary was analyzed and the numerical results were compared with the experimental results. The results show the potential of impact analysis to retrieve the bone-implant contact properties.
Current noise of a protein‐selective biological nanopore (2021)

1/f current noise is ubiquitous in protein pores, porins, and channels. We have previously shown that a protein-selective biological nanopore with an external protein receptor can function as a 1/f noise generator when a high-affinity protein ligand is reversibly captured by the receptor. Here, we demonstrate that the binding affinity and concentration of the ligand are key determinants for the nature of current noise. For example, 1/f was absent when a protein ligand was reversibly captured at a much lower concentration than its equilibrium dissociation constant against the receptor. Furthermore, we also analyzed the composite current noise that resulted from mixtures of low-affinity and high-affinity ligands against the same receptor. This study highlights the significance of protein recognition events in the current noise fluctuations across biological membranes.
TERT PROMOTER MUTATIONS OCCUR FREQUENTLY IN GLIOMAS AND A SUBSET OF TUMORS DERIVED FROM CELLS WITH LOW RATES OF SELF-RENEWAL (2014)

BACKGROUND: Malignant cells must maintain their telomeres, but genetic mechanisms responsible for telomere maintenance in tumors have only recently been discovered. In particular, mutations of the telomere binding proteins alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) or death-domain associated protein (DAXX) have been shown to underlie a telomere maintenance mechanism not involving telomerase (alternative lengthening of telomeres), and point mutations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene increase telomerase expression and have been shown to occur in melanomas. METHODS: To further define the tumor types in which TERT plays a role, we surveyed 1,230 tumors of 60 different types. We also analyzed the relationship between median overall survival (OS) of patients with IDH1/2 and TERT promoter mutations in a panel of 473 adult gliomas with the hypothesis that genetic signatures capable of distinguishing among several types of gliomas could be established providing clinically relevant information that can serve as an adjunct to histopathological diagnosis. RESULTS: We found that tumors could be divided into types with low and high frequencies of TERT promoter mutations. The nine TERT-high tumor types almost always originated in tissues with relatively low rates of self renewal, including melanomas, liposarcomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, urothelial carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, medulloblastomas, and subtypes of gliomas. TERT and ATRX mutations were mutually exclusive, suggesting that these two genetic mechanisms confer equivalent selective growth advantages. We found that mutations in the TERT promoter occurred in 74.2% of glioblastomas (GBM), but occurred in a minority of Grade II-III astrocytomas (18.2%). In contrast, IDH1/2 mutations were observed in 78.4% of Grade II-III astrocytomas, but were uncommon in primary GBM. In oligodendrogliomas, TERT promoter and IDH1/2 mutations co-occurred in 79% of cases. Patients whose Grade III-IV gliomas exhibit TERT promoter mutations alone predominately have primary GBMs associated with poor median OS rates (11.5 months). Patients whose gliomas exhibit IDH1/2 mutations alone predominately have astrocytic morphologies and exhibit a median OS of 57 months while patients whose tumors exhibit both TERT promoter and IDH1/2 mutations predominately exhibit oligodendroglial morphologies and exhibit median OS of 125 months. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to their implications for understanding the relationship between telomeres and tumorigenesis, TERT mutations provide a biomarker that may aid in the classification and prognostication of brain tumors. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Tumor Biology.
Plasma Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase 1 (KARS1) as a Novel Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer (2020)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of world cancer deaths. To improve the survival rate of CRC, diagnosis and post-operative monitoring is necessary. Currently, biomarkers are used for CRC diagnosis and prognosis. However, these biomarkers have limitations of specificity and sensitivity. Levels of plasma lysyl-tRNA synthetase (KARS1), which was reported to be secreted from colon cancer cells by stimuli, along with other secreted aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), were analyzed in CRC and compared with the currently used biomarkers. The KARS1 levels of CRC patients (n = 164) plasma were shown to be higher than those of healthy volunteers (n = 32). The diagnostic values of plasma KARS1 were also evaluated by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Compared with other biomarkers and ARSs, KARS1 showed the best diagnostic value for CRC. The cancer specificity and burden correlation of plasma KARS1 level were validated using azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model, and paired pre- and post-surgery CRC patient plasma. In the AOM/DSS model, the plasma level of KARS1 showed high correlation with number of polyps, but not for inflammation. Using paired pre- and post-surgery CRC plasma samples (n = 60), the plasma level of KARS1 was significantly decreased in post-surgery samples. Based on these evidence, KARS1, a surrogate biomarker reflecting CRC burden, can be used as a novel diagnostic and post-operative monitoring biomarker for CRC.
FI Catalysts: new olefin polymerization catalysts for the creation of value‐added polymers (2004)

This contribution reports the discovery and application of phenoxy-imine-based catalysts for olefin polymerization. Ligand-oriented catalyst design research has led to the discovery of remarkably active ethylene polymerization catalysts (FI Catalysts), which are based on electronically flexible phenoxy-imine chelate ligands combined with early transition metals. Upon activation with appropriate cocatalysts, FI Catalysts can exhibit unique polymerization catalysis (e.g., precise control of product molecular weights, highly isospecific and syndiospecific propylene polymerization, regio-irregular polymerization of higher alpha-olefins, highly controlled living polymerization of both ethylene and propylene at elevated temperatures, and precise control over polymer morphology) and thus provide extraordinary opportunities for the syntheses of value-added polymers with distinctive architectural characteristics. Many of the polymers that are available via the use of FI Catalysts were previously inaccessible through other means of polymerization. For example, FI Catalysts can form vinyl-terminated low molecular weight polyethylenes, ultra-high molecular weight amorphous ethylene-propylene copolymers and atactic polypropylenes, highly isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylenes with exceptionally high peak melting temperatures, well-defined and controlled multimodal polyethylenes, and high molecular weight regio-irregular poly(higher alpha-olefin)s. In addition, FI Catalysts combined with MgCl(2)-based compounds can produce polymers that exhibit desirable morphological features (e.g., very high bulk density polyethylenes and highly controlled particle-size polyethylenes) that are difficult to obtain with conventionally supported catalysts. In addition, FI Catalysts are capable of creating a large variety of living-polymerization-based polymers, including terminally functionalized polymers and block copolymers from ethylene, propylene, and higher alpha-olefins. Furthermore, some of the FI Catalysts can furnish living-polymerization-based polymers catalytically by combination with appropriate chain transfer agents. Therefore, the development of FI Catalysts has enabled some crucial advances in the fields of polymerization catalysis and polymer syntheses.