gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers That Currently Affect Clinical Practice: EGFR, ALK, MET, KRAS (2012)

New drugs such as pemetrexed, the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and the Alk inhibitor crizotinib have recently enabled progress in the management of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc). More drugs, especially Met inhibitors, will follow. However, the benefits of these agents are not uniform across the spectrum of nsclc, and optimizing their utility requires some degree of subgrouping of nsclc by the presence or absence of certain biomarkers.The biomarkers of current or imminent value are EGFR and KRAS mutational status, ALK rearrangements, and MET immunohistochemistry. As a predictor of benefit for anti-egfr monoclonal antibodies, EGFR immunohistochemistry is also of potential interest.Some of the foregoing biomarkers (EGFR, ALK, MET) are direct drivers of the malignant phenotype. As such, they are, quite rationally, the direct targets of inhibitory drugs. However, KRAS, while definitely a driver, has resisted attempts at direct pharmacologic manipulation, and its main value might lie in its role as part of an efficient testing algorithm, because KRAS mutations appear to exclude EGFR and ALK mutations. The indirect value of KRAS in determining sensitivity to other targeted agents or to pemetrexed remains controversial. The other biomarkers (EGFR, ALK, MET) may also have indirect value as predictors of sensitivity to chemotherapy in general, to pemetrexed specifically, and to radiotherapy and molecularly targeted agents.These biomarkers have all enabled the co-development of new drugs with companion diagnostics, and they illustrate the paradigm that will govern progress in oncology in the immediate future. However, in nsclc, the acquisition of sufficient biopsy material remains a stubborn obstacle to the evolution of novel targeted therapies.
CATECHOLASE ACTIVITIES OF TWO C-C LINKED BIPYRAZOLE N-DONOR LIGANDS WITH COPPER (II) SALTS (2015)

Deux bipyrazoles à jonctions carbone-carbone L1 : 1,1’-di(éthyl-éthanoate-yl)-5,5’- diisopropyl-3,3’-bipyrazole et L2 : 1,1’-di(2-hydroxy-éthyl)-5,5’-diisopropyl-3,3’-bipyrazole sont examinés pour leurs activités catalytiques. Les complexes dioxygénés du cuivre (II) sont générés in situ par mélange des sels de cuivre avec les composés bipyrazoliques. L’oxydation du 3,5-di-tertbutylcatechol en 3,5-di-tert-butylquinone est effectuée de façon efficace. La structure du ligand influence l’activité catalytique.
Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Deficiency Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Leptin-Deficient Mice Without Affecting Body Weight (2006)

The hypothalamic peptide melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) plays important roles in energy homeostasis. Animals overexpressing MCH develop hyperphagia, obesity, and insulin resistance. In this study, mice lacking both the MCH receptor-1 (MCHr1 knockout) and leptin (ob/ob) double-null mice (MCHr1 knockout ob/ob) were generated to investigate whether the obesity and/or the insulin resistance linked to the obese phenotype of ob/ob mice was attenuated by ablation of the MCHr1 gene. In MCHr1 knockout ob/ob mice an oral glucose load resulted in a lower blood glucose response and markedly lower insulin levels compared with the ob/ob mice despite no differences in body weight, food intake, or energy expenditure. In addition, MCHr1 knockout ob/ob mice had higher locomotor activity and lean body mass, lower body fat mass, and altered body temperature regulation compared with ob/ob mice. In conclusion, MCHr1 is important for insulin sensitivity and/or secretion via a mechanism not dependent on decreased body weight.
[Neuroendocrine activation in heart insufficiency II. Can diagnosis be confirmed and prognosis evaluated by a blood test?]. (2000)

Neurohumoral systems activated in heart failure are reviewed in relation to prognostic and diagnostic information. Plasma levels of noradrenaline, renin, vasopressin, endothelin-1, ANP, BNP, and TNF-alpha are all elevated in heart failure. Most of these factors correlate with the prognosis, but only a minor part seems to possess additional, independent information when other information that is normally available in such patients is taken into account. At present, the diagnosis of heart failure cannot be made on only one blood sample. However, neuroendocrine markers seem: 1) to have a role in the diagnosis and classification of heart failure, 2) to be useful in providing a "neuroendocrine profile", which elucidates different aspects of heart failure, and 3) to be of probable value in the choice and titration of medical treatment for the individual patient in the future.
An Adaptive Similarity-Measuring-Based CMAB Model for Recommendation System (2020)

Online context-based domains such as recommendation systems strive to promptly suggest the appropriate items to users according to the information about items and users. However, such contextual information may be not available in practical, where the only information we can utilize is users' interaction data. Furthermore, the lack of clicked records, especially for the new users, worsens the performance of the system. To address the issues, similarity measuring, one of the key techniques in collaborative filtering, as well as the online context-based multiple armed bandit mechanism, are combined. The similarity between the context of a selected item and any candidate item is calculated and weighted. An adaptive method for adjusting the weights according to the passed time from clicking is proposed. The weighted similarity is then multiplied with the action value to decide which action is optimal or the poorest. Additionally, we come up with an exploration probability equation by introducing the selected times for the poorest action and the variance of the action values, to balance the exploration and exploitation. The regret analysis is given and the upper bound of the regret is proved. Empirical studies on three benchmarks, random dataset, Yahoo!R6A, and MovieLens, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Wide bandgap semiconductor microwave technologies: from promise to practice (2003)

SiC and GaN based microwave devices offer significant performance advantages over conventional semiconductors. These advantages include increased power density, total power, and efficiency. In this article, the status and prospects for these device is presented.
Practical resist model calibration (2003)

The lack of calibrated resist models has lead to a reliance on aerial images. This has limited capability of simulation to predict printed image shapes and CDs, especially in low K1 regimes. Calibration of resist models for matching simulation to pattern on wafers has always been a challenge due to various reasons. The primary problem is the large number of model parameters that need to be optimized. Another problem is the uncertainty associated with measurement of even the most basic parameters like thickness and refractive index. The amount of time and effort that is needed to calibrate the multitude of parameters is impractical in most situations. Some authors have taken the approach of optimizing a subset of parameters while retaining arbitrary default values for the rest. This leaves one wondering about the need for such models in process optimization and if a simpler empirical model would be sufficient. In this paper the various models are reviewed and the ones needing the smallest set of parameters are selected for calibration using a commercial resist modeling software package. The results of the calibration are checked against actual lithographic performance.
A highly stretchable strain sensor based on a graphene/silver nanoparticle synergic conductive network and a sandwich structure (2016)

A highly stretchable strain sensor with a graphene/silver nanoparticle synergic conductive network and a sandwich structure was fabricated.
Demonstration of amyloid A (AA) protein and amyloid P component (AP) in deposits of systemic amyloidosis associated with renal adenocarcinoma (1983)

The fibril protein in three cases of systemic amyloidosis associated with renal adenocarcinoma was identified as amyloid A protein (AA) using immunohistochemical staining techniques. Amyloid P component was also present in all deposits. In one case unfixed snap frozen tissues were studied directly whilst in the other two, which were investigated retrospectively, fixed paraffin sections were stained by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods after treatment with trypsin. Enzymatic digestion was necessary to restore reactivity with anti-AP but anti-AA reacted well without any such treatment. These findings establish that renal carcinoma, the carcinoma most frequently associated with systemic amyloidosis, causes the same type of secondary or reactive systemic amyloid as chronic infections and inflammatory disorders.
Improveing depth estimation through fusion of stereo and TOF (2011)

In this paper, a novel method for depth estimation through fusion of stereo and TOF is proposed. Both the depth data and intensity gray images from TOF are taken into the calibration processing for getting the more accurate camera exterior parameters. Using the exterior parameters, the depth image captured by TOF is warped to the scope of the CCD camera pairs to form an initial depth image. Due to the problems of depth errors in the edges and the occlusion, the stereo rig is used to obtain the accurate depth of the edges of the objects, and eliminates the effect of occlusion simultaneously. Finally, by fusion method that takes advantage of the stereo vision, the depth data and the color image, the depth is optimized to obtain high resolution depth image. The experiment results show that higher spatial resolution and correct depth at edges' position is obtained, compared with only using the TOF camera, and also the higher quality dense depth image.
An oxygen-sensitive toxin–antitoxin system (2016)

The Hha and TomB proteins from Escherichia coli form an oxygen-dependent toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Here we show that YmoB, the Yersinia orthologue of TomB, and its single cysteine variant [C117S]YmoB can replace TomB as antitoxins in E. coli. In contrast to other TA systems, [C117S]YmoB transiently interacts with Hha (rather than forming a stable complex) and enhances the spontaneous oxidation of the Hha conserved cysteine residue to a -SO<sub>x</sub>H-containing species (sulfenic, sulfinic or sulfonic acid), which destabilizes the toxin. The nuclear magnetic resonance structure of [C117S]YmoB and the homology model of TomB show that the two proteins form a four-helix bundle with a conserved buried cysteine connected to the exterior by a channel with a diameter comparable to that of an oxygen molecule. The Hha interaction site is located on the opposite side of the helix bundle.
Controlling Coupling Reaction of EDC and NHS for Preparation of Collagen Gels Using Ethanol/Water Co‐Solvents (2007)

To control the crosslinking rate of the collagen gel, ethanol/water co-solvent was adopted for the reaction solvent for the collagen microfibril crosslinking. Collagen gel was prepared by using EDC and NHS as coupling agents. Ethanol did not denaturate the helical structure of the collagen and prevented the hydrolysis of EDC, but showed the protonation of carboxylate anions. In order to control the intra- and interhelical crosslink of the collagen triple helix, variations of the mole ratio of carboxyl group/EDC/NHS, and of the ethanol mole concentration were investigated. Increase in the EDC ratio against the carboxyl group increased the crosslinking rate. Furthermore, an increase in the ethanol mole concentration resulted in an increase of the crosslinking rate until ethanol mole concentration was 0.12, but showed gradual decrease as the ethanol mole concentration was further increased. This is because the adsorption of solvent by the collagen gel, protonation of carboxylate anion, and hydrolysis of EDC is at its most optimum condition for the coupling reaction when the ethanol mole concentration is 0.12. The re-crosslinking of the collagen gel showed an increase in the crosslinking rate, but did not show further increase when the coupling reaction was executed for the third time. This implied that the highest possible crosslinking rate for the intra- and interhelical is approximately 60% when EDC/NHS is used.
CTCF/cohesin-mediated DNA looping is required for protocadherin α promoter choice (2012)

The closely linked human protocadherin (Pcdh) α, β, and γ gene clusters encode 53 distinct protein isoforms, which are expressed in a combinatorial manner to generate enormous diversity on the surface of individual neurons. This diversity is a consequence of stochastic promoter choice and alternative pre-mRNA processing. Here, we show that Pcdhα promoter choice is achieved by DNA looping between two downstream transcriptional enhancers and individual promoters driving the expression of alternate Pcdhα isoforms. In addition, we show that this DNA looping requires specific binding of the CTCF/cohesin complex to two symmetrically aligned binding sites in both the transcriptionally active promoters and in one of the enhancers. These findings have important implications regarding enhancer/promoter interactions in the generation of complex Pcdh cell surface codes for the establishment of neuronal identity and self-avoidance in individual neurons.
Leukoreduced blood components: Advantages and strategies for its implementation in developing countries (2010)

Removal of leucocytes from various blood products has been shown to minimize Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, HLA alloimmunization, platelet refractoriness in multitransfused patients and prevention of transmission of leukotropic viruses such as EBV and CMV. Rapidly growing size of hemato-oncological patients in our country requiring multiple transfusion of blood and components during the course of their management pose a great challenge to transfusion services to provide them red cell and platelet antigen matched products in alloimmunized subjects. Thus removal of leucocytes below a certain threshold, </= 5 x 10(6) in a blood component certainly helps in prevention of alloimmunization and associated risks in these patients. Currently the best Leucoreduction can be achieved with the help of 3rd and 4th generation leukofilters, both in laboratory and patient bed side, and state of the art apheresis devices. The present article briefly reviews the current literature for pros and cons of leucofilteration and its scope of implementation in the cost constrained settings.
IN VIVO LOCALISATION OF RADIOLABELLED ANTIBODIES TO RAT THYROGLOBUL IN IN THE 1-1C2 RAT THYROID TRANSPLANTABLE TUMOUR (1982)

IN VIVO LOCALISATION OF RADIOLABELLED ANTIBODIES TO RAT THYROGLOBUL IN IN THE 1-1C2 RAT THYROID TRANSPLANTABLE TUMOUR: PDF Only
Magnetic Sephadex as a carrier for enzyme immobilization and drug targeting (1985)

Magnetic materials were suggested as carriers for protein immobilization about 10 years ago [1,2]. The main advantage of these carriers is their ability to be concentrated near magnetic terminals upon the application of the external magnetic field. This property is used in technological processes for selective catalyst removal from the reaction mixture [3], in immunological studies for the separation of cells to which magnetic particles are specifically bound modified with antibodies against cell surface components [4], in experiments for the drug targeting in vivo into appropriate tissues under the action of external magnetic field [5]. The properties of magnetic carriers are reviewed in [3]. There exist a number of methods to obtain porous magnetic carriers, containing immobilized matter not only on the surface, but also in the volume of a particle. Normally, these preparations are obtained by the granule formation from the suspension of ferromagnetic particles in the solution or melt of appropriate high-molecular-weight compound [5,6]. The drawback of the above-mentioned methods is the pronounced aggregation of ferromagnetic particles. The aggregation does not permit to use concentrated enough suspensions of magnetic particles and causes the formation of the product with a variety of sizes and magnetic properties. We made an attempt to synthesize the magnetic carrier for protein immobilization on the basis of commercial Sephadex porous spheres. Sephadex granules were made magnetic by adsorptional fixation of ferromagnetic particles in its pores. The properties of the "native" and "magnetic" Sephadexes as carriers for protein immobilization were compared by parallel immobilization on both carriers of alpha-chymotrypsin and 131I-albumin. In in vivo experiments we studied the ability of magnetic Sephadex to be concentrated in a desired region of the circulation under the action of external magnetic field.
Reproducing human and cross-species drug toxicities using a Liver-Chip (2019)

Nonclinical rodent and nonrodent toxicity models used to support clinical trials of candidate drugs may produce discordant results or fail to predict complications in humans, contributing to drug failures in the clinic. Here, we applied microengineered Organs-on-Chips technology to design a rat, dog, and human Liver-Chip containing species-specific primary hepatocytes interfaced with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, with or without Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells, cultured under physiological fluid flow. The Liver-Chip detected diverse phenotypes of liver toxicity, including hepatocellular injury, steatosis, cholestasis, and fibrosis, and species-specific toxicities when treated with tool compounds. A multispecies Liver-Chip may provide a useful platform for prediction of liver toxicity and inform human relevance of liver toxicities detected in animal studies to better determine safety and human risk.
Reaction of thiols with phenylglyoxal to give thiol esters of mandelic acid. II. Intramolecular general-base catalysis and change in rate-determining step (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of thiols with phenylglyoxal to give thiol esters of mandelic acid. II. Intramolecular general-base catalysis and change in rate-determining stepTadashi Okuyama, Shinji Komoguchi, and Takayuki FuenoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 9, 2582–2587Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00373a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00373a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cutaneous Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis and Post-Renal Transplant (2021)

Skin serves as the mirror of underlying systemic problems. The early diagnosis of subtle cutaneous clinical pointers often helps in identifying renal disorders, obviating the delay in diagnosis and treatment. Cutaneous changes can be observed from the beginning of renal impairment until the evolution to terminal stage, in uremia, hemodialysis, and after kidney transplantation. In the review, we have discussed the cutaneous changes, its implicated etiopathogenesis, and their treatment options, as encountered in chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis and post-renal transplantation.
A bipartite signal mediates the transfer of type IV secretion substrates of <i>Bartonella henselae</i> into human cells (2005)

Bacterial type IV secretion (T4S) systems mediate the transfer of macromolecular substrates into various target cells, e.g., the conjugative transfer of DNA into bacteria or the transfer of virulence proteins into eukaryotic host cells. The T4S apparatus VirB of the vascular tumor-inducing pathogen Bartonella henselae causes subversion of human endothelial cell (HEC) function. Here we report the identification of multiple protein substrates of VirB, which, upon translocation into HEC, mediate all known VirB-dependent cellular changes. These Bartonella-translocated effector proteins (Beps) A-G are encoded together with the VirB system and the T4S coupling protein VirD4 on a Bartonella-specific pathogenicity island. The Beps display a modular architecture, suggesting an evolution by extensive domain duplication and reshuffling. The C terminus of each Bep harbors at least one copy of the Bep-intracellular delivery domain and a short positively charged tail sequence. This biparte C terminus constitutes a transfer signal that is sufficient to mediate VirB/VirD4-dependent intracellular delivery of reporter protein fusions. The Bep-intracellular delivery domain is also present in conjugative relaxases of bacterial conjugation systems. We exemplarily show that the C terminus of such a conjugative relaxase mediates protein transfer through the Bartonella henselae VirB/VirD4 system into HEC. Conjugative relaxases may thus represent the evolutionary origin of the here defined T4S signal for protein transfer into human cells.
Avoiding Perils and Pitfalls in Velocardiofacial Syndrome: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective (2003)

Velocardiofacial syndrome is classically characterized by clefting of the secondary palate, cardiac defects, learning disabilities, and facial dysmorphism. Knowledge of this syndrome is of significant importance to otolaryngologists because a failure to recognize it prior to head and neck surgery can result in serious iatrogenic injury, including velopalatal insufficiency and damage to anomalous carotid arteries. To illustrate these issues, we describe the case of a 5-year-old boy with velocardiofacial syndrome. We also review the literature on velocardiofacial syndrome, which is not very extensive, perhaps because it is often difficult to recognize.