gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast automatic power control in optical networks (1997)

We demonstrate fast optical power regulation in a 4/spl times/4 LiNbO/sub 3/ cross-connect switch at speeds of up to 1 kHz and over a range of more than 15 dB by employing electrooptic Y-branch attenuators in combination with a fast feedback loop in a WDM optical fibre network routing scheme.
Image quality assessment of LaBr/sub 3/ based 3D PET scanners (2004)

The main thrust for this work is the investigation and design of a PET scanner based on new lanthanum bromide scintillators. We use Monte Carlo simulations to generate data for a 3D PET scanner based on LaBr/sub 3/ detectors, and to assess the count-rate capability and the reconstructed image quality of phantoms with hot and cold spheres using contrast and signal-to- noise ratios. Previously we have shown that LaBr/sub 3/ has very high light output, excellent energy resolution, and fast timing properties which can lead to the design a time-of-flight whole-body PET camera. The data presented here illustrate the performance of LaBr, without the additional benefit of TOF information, although our intention is to develop a LaBr/sub 3/ scanner with TOF measurement capability. The only drawback of LaBr/sub 3/ is the lower photo-fraction that can potentially lead to a poorer spatial resolution than a high Z scintillator such as GSO or LSO. However, in 3D PET imaging where energy resolution is very important for reducing scattered coincidences in the reconstructed image, the image quality of a LaBr/sub 3/ scanner can potentially surpass other scanners. Our results show, that there is a gain in NEC (factors of 3 and 1.5 over GSO and LSO) arising from the reduced scatter and randoms fractions in a LaBr/sub 3/ scanner. The reconstructed image resolution is slightly worse than a high Z scintillator, but at increased count-rate, reduced pulse pileup leads to an image resolution similar to that of LSO. Image quality simulations predict reduced contrast for small hot spheres over an LSO scanner, but improved noise characteristics especially in a large 35/spl times/70cm phantom.
SM green fiber laser operating in CW and QCW regimes and producing over 550W of average output power (2014)

We report a single-mode (SM) green laser based on single-pass frequency doubling of a linearly-polarized narrowlinewidth Yb fiber laser in LBO crystal, and configured to operate in a range of regimes from continuous-wave (CW) to high-repetition-rate quasi-continuous-wave (QCW). Adjusting the duty cycle, we maintained high second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency for various output powers. Average powers of over 550W in QCW and over 350W in CW regimes were obtained with the wall-plug efficiency up to 15%, opening the possibility to creating new class of simple, compact and efficient single-mode green lasers with output power up to 1kW and above. The same approach could also be used to create high-power lasers operating at other wavelengths in ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges.
Mitigation of low-frequency underwater sound using large encapsulated bubbles and freely-rising bubble clouds. (2011)

Low-frequency anthropogenic noise may affect marine life, motivating the need to minimize its potential impact. Bubbles cause significant dispersion and attenuation of underwater sound at frequencies near the individual bubble resonance and can potentially be used to abate this noise. Such effects have been reported for large encapsulated bubbles with resonance frequencies below 100 Hz, and significant attenuation due to bubble resonance phenomena and acoustic impedance mismatch was observed in a tank experiment [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 2015 (2010); 128, 2279 (2010)]. Both of these mechanisms were found to significantly reduce down-range radiated acoustic pressure, as much as 40 dB, at low frequencies (60 to 1000 Hz) in a series of lake experiments where a sound source was surrounded by an array of tethered resonant toroidal air bubbles, a cloud of freely-rising sub-resonant bubbles, and various combinations of the two. Hydrophones were placed at various depths and ranges to determine the effect of the bubbles on the radiated field. The effects of void fraction and bubble size variation on the spectrum of the radiated sound were also investigated. [Work supported by Shell.]
Mapping-driven XML transformation (2007)

Clio is an existing schema-mapping tool that provides user-friendly means to manage and facilitate the complex task of transformation and integration of heterogeneous data such as XML over the Web or in XML databases. By means of mappings from source to target schemas, Clio can help users conveniently establish the precise semantics of data transformation and integration. In this paper we study the problem of how to efficiently implement such data transformation (i.e., generating target data from the source data based on schema mappings). We present a three-phase framework for high-performance XML-to-XML transformation based on schema mappings, and discuss methodologies and algorithms for implementing these phases. In particular, we elaborate on novel techniques such as streamed extraction of mapped source values and scalable disk-based merging of overlapping data (including duplicate elimination). We compare our transformation framework with alternative methods such as using XQuery or SQL/XML provided by current commercial databases. The results demonstrate that the three-phase framework (although as simple as it is) is highly scalable and outperforms the alternative methods by orders of magnitude.
Adaptive force and position control of manipulators (1987)

Abstract The article presents simple methods for the design of adaptive force and position controllers for robot manipulators within the hybrid control architecture. The force controller is composed of an adaptive PID feedback controller, an auxiliary signal, and a force feedforward term, and achieves tracking of desired force setpoints in the constraint directions. The position controller consists of adaptive feedback and feedforward controllers as well as an auxiliary signal, and accomplishes tracking of desired position trajectories in the free directions. The controllers are capable of compensating for dynamic cross‐couplings that exist between the position and force control loops in the hybrid control architecture. The adaptive controllers do not require knowledge of the complex dynamic model or parameter values of the manipulator or the environment. The proposed control schemes are computationally fast and suitable for implementation in online control with high sampling rates. The methods are applied to a two‐link manipulator for simultaneous force and position control. Simulation results confirm that the adaptive controllers perform remarkably well under different conditions.
Novel Thermoplastic Elastomers: Star-Blocks Consisting of Eight Poly(Styrene-b-Isobutylene) Arms Radiating from a Calix[8]Arene Core (1998)

Abstract The first synthesis by a core-first strategy of novel star-block copolymers consisting of eight poly(styrene- b -isobutylene) (PSt- b -PIB) arms radiating from a calix[8]arene core is described. An octafunctional methoxy calix[8]arene derivative was used to initiate the living polymerization of isobutylene (IB) to desirable molecular weights, then styrene (St) was added to obtain the sought star-blocks. Molecular weights and PSt contents were determined by triple-detector GPC and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Star-block thermoplastic elastomers containing 17–32% PSt showed high strength and elongation (up to ∼26 MPa and >500%) and relatively low melt viscosities. The mechanical and rheological properties of these star-blocks are superior to those of linear PSt- b -PIB- b -PSt triblocks. PIB-based thermoplastic elastomers may be of use as novel biomaterials.
A 0.94-ps-RMS-jitter 0.016-mm/sup 2/ 2.5-GHz multiphase generator PLL with 360/spl deg/ digitally programmable phase shift for 10-Gb/s serial links (2005)

A novel architecture for clock generation in dual-loop subrate clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits is proposed based on an adjustable phase-locked loop (PLL). The adjustable PLL (adjPLL) generates eight equidistant clock phases, whose timing with respect to a reference clock can be simultaneously shifted in steps of 3 ps, controllable by a digital value. The programmable phase shift is achieved by adding the weighted outputs of several XOR phase detectors. The measured tracking jitter of the PLL, fabricated in 90-nm SOI CMOS, is 0.94 ps rms at 2.5 GHz, and the power consumption is 20 mW at V/sub DD/=0.9 V. The circuit occupies an area of only 0.016 mm/sup 2/.
Chylomicronemia from GPIHBP1 autoantibodies (2020)

Some cases of chylomicronemia are caused by autoantibodies against glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HDL binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), an endothelial cell protein that shuttles LPL to the capillary lumen. GPIHBP1 autoantibodies prevent binding and transport of LPL by GPIHBP1, thereby disrupting the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Here, we review the "GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome" and summarize clinical and laboratory findings in 22 patients. All patients had GPIHBP1 autoantibodies and chylomicronemia, but we did not find a correlation between triglyceride levels and autoantibody levels. Many of the patients had a history of pancreatitis, and most had clinical and/or serological evidence of autoimmune disease. IgA autoantibodies were present in all patients, and IgG4 autoantibodies were present in 19 of 22 patients. Patients with GPIHBP1 autoantibodies had low plasma LPL levels, consistent with impaired delivery of LPL into capillaries. Plasma levels of GPIHBP1, measured with a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA, were very low in 17 patients, reflecting the inability of the ELISA to detect GPIHBP1 in the presence of autoantibodies (immunoassay interference). However, GPIHBP1 levels were very high in five patients, indicating little capacity of their autoantibodies to interfere with the ELISA. Recently, several GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome patients were treated successfully with rituximab, resulting in the disappearance of GPIHBP1 autoantibodies and normalization of both plasma triglyceride and LPL levels. The GPIHBP1 autoantibody syndrome should be considered in any patient with newly acquired and unexplained chylomicronemia.
Bound states in the continuum lasers (Conference Presentation) (2018)

In 1929, von Neumann and Wigner showed that Schrödinger’s equation can have, somewhat surprisingly, bound states above the continuum threshold [1]. These bound states represent the limiting case of quasi-bound states with an infinite lifetime, i.e., resonances that do not decay. It was recently realized that bound states in the continuum (BICs) are intrinsically a wave phenomenon and are thus not restricted to quantum mechanics. Since then, they have been shown to occur in many different fields of wave physics such as acoustics and photonics. In photonics’ terminology, BICs are eigenmodes of an open system with an infinite radiation quality factor, Qrad. To take advantage of this unique property to design high quality resonant cavities, most investigations have focused on dielectric structures that, unlike their plasmonic counterparts, are not limited by their material quality factor, Qmat [3-5]. To investigate the properties of BICs, various platforms have been used such as 1D gratings [3], waveguide arrays [4], and 2D photonic crystal slabs [5]. In this contribution, we have designed a high quality cavity based on a BIC and harnessed its novel properties to achieve a compact low-threshold nanophotonic laser. [1] J. von Neumann and E. Wigner, “On some peculiar discrete eigenvalues” Phys. Z, 465 (1929). [2] C. Linton et al., “Embedded trapped modes in water waves and acoustics” Wave Motion 45, 16 (2007). [3] D. C. Marinica et al., “Bound states in the continuum in photonics” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 183902 (2008). [4] Y. Plotnik et al., “Experimental observation of optical bound states in the continuum” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 183901 (2011). [5] C. W. Hsu et al., “Observation of trapped light within the radiation continuum” Nature 499, 188 (2013).
Bismuth-loaded plastic scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy (2012)

Polyvinylcarbazole polymer scintillators with high loading of a bismuth organometallic exhibit good light yields, and are found to be capable of gamma-ray spectroscopy. When activated by a standard fluor, diphenylanthracene, a bismuth-loaded polymer produces ∼12000 photons/MeV, exhibits an emission maximum at 420 nm, a ∼15 ns decay, and energy resolution of 9% at 662 keV is measured. The same bismuth-loaded polymer doped with an iridium complex fluor has an emission maximum of 500 nm, a decay time of 1.2 μs, a light yield of ∼30000 photons/MeV, and energy resolution better than 7% FWHM at 662 keV.
Apparatus for direct measurement of ash fusion and sintering behavior at elevated temperatures and pressures (1989)

Ash fusion, sintering, and deposition may impose serious operational difficulties in conventional and advanced coal-combustion systems. Conventional ash fusion techniques (e.g., ASTM methods) determine the qualitative behavior of ash samples at atmospheric pressure. Presently, there is no known available technique that can measure the behavior of coal ash at elevated temperatures and pressures. In the literature, methods based on electrical resistance or shrinkage of coal ash have been reported at atmospheric pressure (elevated temperatures) conditions. A high-pressure microdilatometer (HPMD) has been developed to investigate ash fusion and sintering behavior at elevated pressures and temperatures by the simultaneous measurement of the temperature of initial contraction and electrical resistivity of samples. This novel technique facilitates the measurement of ash properties over a wide range of temperature, pressure, and gas atmosphere (oxidizing, reducing, or inert). The operating principle of the HPMD includes measuring the temperature at which there is a significant ‘‘shift’’ in the electrical resistivity (and/or sample volume) that represents ash sintering and fusion. Sintering occurs through the formation of solid-state, particle-to-particle ‘‘necks’’ or the appearance of a molten phase, which allows a path for electrical conductance. The ability to perform both resistivity and shrinkage measurements simultaneously or independently at elevated pressures makes the HPMD truly unique. The HPMD can also be used to investigate the swelling and softening behavior of pyrolyzing coal at elevated pressures and relatively rapid heating rates. The HPMD can provide insights into the sintering/fusion of coal ash or coal swelling at a range of conditions: (a) the influences of various gas atmospheres can be investigated, (b) the effects of pressure can be studied, (c) different temperature/heating rate schemes can be used (constant rates, isothermal holds below or above the sintering temperature, etc.), and (d) studies can be performed to investigate the influence of increased heating rate at elevated pressures (which were not performed previously) on coal swelling and plasticity. It can also be applied to other fossil fuels such as oil shale or carbonaceous materials (e.g., graphite) to measure their electrical conductivity or expansion and contraction behavior at ambient or elevated pressures and temperatures. The HPMD allows researchers to gather novel data and thereby facilitate a fundamental understanding of the behavior of coal or coal ash at actual processing conditions.
RASA, a recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody directed against the human sperm surface: implications for novel contraceptives (2001)

These results demonstrate that active recombinant antibodies can be produced to a tissue-specific carbohydrate epitope on the human sperm surface, thereby opening opportunities for novel contraceptive agents.
Continuous Monitoring of Gaseous Formaldehyde Using an Improved Fluorescence Approach (1994)

Abstract A continuous monitor for gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) has been developed which avoids key limitations of previous monitors. The Hantzsch reaction, the cyclization of a β-diketone, an amine, and formaldehyde, is used to produce a fluorescent derivative from HCHO. Use of 254 nm light for excitation provides fluorescence sensitivity nearly four times that obtained previously with 406 nm excitation. This improvement in fluorescence sensitivity leads to a gaseous detection limit of 0.2 ppbv with a glass coil scrubber as the collection device for gaseous HCHO. The Hantzsch reaction provides high selectivity, high reagent stability, and low reagent cost, while the glass coil provides high efficiency, stability of behavior, and simplicity of design. The monitor consequently provides sensitive and specific measurement of gaseous HCHO in a reliable and simple device. The rise and fall times of the instrument response are both 80 seconds, with a lag time of 120 seconds. Repetitive calibrations during extended field operations indicate a reproducibility of about ± 7 percent (relative standard deviation). Ambient HCHO data from surface sites show strong diurnal variations, and measurements aboard an aircraft show a sharp vertical gradient in HCHO.
Biophysical Properties of Apolipoprotein E4 Variants: Implications in Molecular Mechanisms of Correction of Hypertriglyceridemia (2008)

In humans and animal models, high plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) E are associated with hypertriglyceridemia. It has been shown that overexpression of human wild-type (WT) apoE4 in apoE-deficient mice induces hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast, overexpression of an apoE4 variant, apoE4-mut1 (apoE4(L261A, W264A, F265A, L268A, V269A)), does not induce hypertriglyceridemia and corrects hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, overexpression of another variant, apoE4-mut2 (apoE4(W276A, L279A, V280A, V283A)), induces mild hypertriglyceridemia and does not correct hypercholesterolemia. To better understand how these mutations improve the function of apoE4, we investigated the conformation and stability of apoE4-mut1 and apoE4-mut2 and their binding to dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles and to triglyceride (TG)-rich emulsion particles. We found that the mutations introduced in apoE4-mut1 lead to a more stable and compactly folded conformation of apoE4. These structural changes are associated with a slower rate of solubilization of DMPC vesicles by apoE4-mut1 and reduced binding of the protein to emulsion particles compared with WT apoE4. Under conditions of apoE4 overexpression, the reduced binding of apoE4-mut1 to TG-rich lipoprotein particles may facilitate the lipolysis of these particles and may alter the conformation of the lipoprotein-bound apoE in a way that favors the efficient clearance of the lipoprotein remnants. Mutations introduced in apoE4-mut2 result in smaller structural alterations compared with those observed in apoE4-mut1. The slightly altered structural properties of apoE4-mut2 are associated with slightly reduced binding of this protein to TG-rich lipoprotein particles and milder hypertriglyceridemia as compared with WT apoE4.
Transformation of Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) by Infecting Germinating Seeds with <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> (1989)

The transfer of genetic material into soybean tissue was accomplished by using an avirulent strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens which contained the binary vector pGA482. The method used for transformation requires no tissue culture steps as it involves the inoculation of the plumule, cotyledonary node, and adjacent cotyledon tissues of germinating seeds. The identification of neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) II enzyme activity in the tissues of 16 (R(0)) soybean plants indicated that the plant expressible Nos-NPT II gene, contained within the T-DNA region from pGA482, had been transferred at least into somatic tissues. Putative transformed R(0) soybean plants were advanced to produce R(1) plants which were also assayed for the presence of the transferred Nos-NPT II gene. The combined results of these assays indicated that about 0.7% of the surviving inoculated seeds yielded transformed tissues in the R(0) plant, and that about 1/10 of these plants yielded transformed R(1) plants. The presence of the Nos-NPT II gene in DNAs isolated from both R(0) and R(1) plant was demonstrated by using genomic blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction methods. Integration of this gene into the soybean genome was demonstrated for three R(1) soybean plants.
Tandem additions of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines to γ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones: a green and new access to oxazolo[2,3-a]tetrahydroisoquinolines (2016)

Addition reactions of various 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline derivatives with γ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones were carried out in 15 min at room temperature without an additive, providing oxazolo[2,3-<italic>a</italic>]tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives in high yields.
High-level expression of forkhead-box protein A1 in metastatic prostate cancer (2011)

Our preliminary analyses suggest that high-level FOXA1 expression is associated with the development of metastatic prostate cancer. If these data are confirmed, FOXA1 expression could be used to classify patients at higher risk for metastases.
Improved dual flow aluminum hydrogen peroxide battery (1993)

A novel dual flow battery configuration is provided comprising an aqueous hydrogen peroxide catholyte, an aqueous anolyte, a porous solid electrocatalyst capable of reducing said hydrogen peroxide and separating said anolyte, and an aluminum anode positioned within said anolyte. Separation of catholyte and anolyte chambers prevents hydrogen peroxide poisoning of the aluminum anode.
Re‐programming of expression of the KGFR and <i>bek</i> variants of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 during limb regeneration in newts (<i>Notophthalmus viridescens</i>) (1995)

We have previously shown, by in situ hybridization, that fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is present in the basal layer of wound epithelium during limb regeneration in newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). In contrast, FGFR1 expression is observed throughout the blastema mesenchyme but is distinctly absent from the wound epithelium (Poulin et al. [1993] Development 119:353-361). Sequence analysis revealed that we have isolated both the KGFR and bek variants of FGFR2. These two variants differ only in the second half of the last of their three (or two) Ig-like domains. In this report, we show the expression patterns of FGFR2 variants during limb regeneration by in situ hybridization. During the pre-blastema stages of regeneration, FGFR2 expression was observed in the basal layer of the wound epithelium and in the cells of the periosteum. The wound epithelial hybridization was observed when the KGFR-specific probe was used while the bek-specific probe hybridized to mRNA in the cells of the periosteum. As regeneration progresses to the blastema stages, KGFR expression continued to be observed in the basal layer of the wound epithelium with additional hybridization seen in the blastema mesenchyme closely associated with the bisected bones. The bek-specific hybridization pattern observed at this stage corresponds specifically to the mesenchymal hybridization. In the differentiation stages of regeneration, the mesenchymal expression of FGFR2 becomes restricted to the cells of the condensing cartilage and later to the perichondrium. Interestingly, there appears to be a dorsoventral gradient of the expression of both KGFR and bek variants of FGFR2, which are opposite each other at the later stages of regeneration. Thus, re-programming of expression of the two FGFR2 variants is required during the initial wound closure of limb regeneration. Remarkably, the expression patterns of KGFR and bek mimic those observed in the mouse limb bud during early embryonic development (Orr-Urtreger et al. [1993] Dev. Biol. 18:475-486). Moreover, our results suggest that the two FGFR2 variants have distinct roles in limb regeneration. Further investigation regarding the potential sources of the FGF ligands will help establish the roles that FGFs and FGFRs play in limb regeneration.