gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of the curie temperature of cobalt ferrite based composites for stress sensor applications (2003)

Cobalt ferrite has been shown to be an excellent candidate material for high sensitivity magnetic stress sensors due to its large magnetomechanical effect and high sensitivity to strain. However, near room temperature, the material exhibits some magnetomechanical hysteresis, which becomes negligible for temperatures of 60/spl deg/C and above. Measurements indicate that doping the cobalt ferrite with silicon lowers the Curie temperature of the material. It was also found that the Curie temperature of the material depends on the fabrication and processing procedure. These results offer the possibility of decreasing the room temperature magnetomechanical hysteresis through control of the Curie temperature, thereby altering the temperature dependence of magnetic and magnetomechanical properties.
Pathogenesis of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Virion Host Shutoff (<i>vhs</i>) Mutants (2002)

During lytic infection, the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein mediates the rapid degradation of mRNA and the shutoff of host protein synthesis. In vivo, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutants lacking vhs activity are profoundly attenuated. Homologs of vhs exist in all of the neurotropic herpesviruses, and the goal of this study was to determine the virulence of HSV-2 mutants lacking vhs. Two HSV-2 recombinants were used in this study: 333-vhsB, which has a lacZ cassette inserted into the N terminus of vhs, and 333d41, which has a 939-bp deletion in vhs. As expected, both 333-vhsB and 333d41 failed to induce the cellular RNA degradation characteristic of HSV. Corneal, vaginal, and intracerebral routes of infection were used to study pathogenesis. Both viruses grew to significantly lower titers in the corneas, trigeminal ganglia, vaginas, dorsal root ganglia, spinal cords, and brains of mice than wild-type and rescue viruses, with a correspondingly reduced induction of disease. Both viruses, however, reactivated efficiently from explanted trigeminal ganglia, showing that vhs is dispensable for reactivation. The lethality of 333d41 following peripheral infection of mice, however, was significantly higher than that of 333-vhsB, suggesting that some of the attenuation of 333-vhsB may be due to the presence of a lacZ cassette in the vhs locus. Taken together, these data show that vhs represents an important determinant of HSV-2 pathogenesis and have implications for the design of HSV-2 recombinants and vaccines.
Non-invasive determination of port wine stain anatomy and physiology for optimal laser treatment strategies (1997)

The treatment of port wine stains (PWSs) using a flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser is often performed using virtually identical irradiation parameters. Although encouraging clinical results have been reported, we propose that lasers will only reach their full potential provided treatment parameters match individual PWS anatomy and physiology. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress made on the technical development and clinical implementation of (i) infrared tomography (IRT), optical reflectance spectroscopy (ORS) and optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) to obtain in vivo diagnostic data on individual PWS anatomy and physiology and (ii) models of light and heat propagation, predicting irreversible vascular injury in human skin, to select optimal laser wavelength, pulse duration, spot size and radiant exposure for complete PWS blanching in the fewest possible treatment sessions. Although non-invasive optical sensing techniques may provide significant diagnostic data, development of a realistic model will require a better understanding of relevant mechanisms for irreversible vascular injury.
Embedded Active Sensors for In-Situ Structural Health Monitoring of Thin-Wall Structures (2002)

The use of embedded piezoelectric-wafer active-sensors for in-situ structural health monitoring of thin-wall structures is presented. Experiments performed on aircraft-grade metallic specimens of various complexities exemplified the detection procedures for near-field and far-field damage. For near-field damage detection, the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method was used. Systematic experiments conducted on statistical samples of incrementally damaged specimens were followed by illustrative experiments on realistic aging aircraft panels. For far-field damage detection, guided ultrasonic Lamb waves were utilized in conjunction with the pulse-echo technique. Systematic experiments conducted on aircraft-grade metallic plates were used to develop the method, while experiments performed on realistic aging-aircraft panels exemplified the crack detection procedure.
Integrating Sparsity into Fulcrum Codes: Investigating Throughput, Complexity and Overhead (2018)

Real-world communication systems consist of heterogeneous devices and network nodes with diverse computation capabilities. Even though it can improve the system's throughput and end-to-end delay, the use of a network code such as RLNC in communication networks may be inefficient. The coding complexity of using a single finite field along the communication path can become too computationally demanding for some nodes and eventually degrade the end-to-end performance. Fulcrum network codes employ a combination of a large and a small finite field in the encoding process and subsequently allows intermediate and end nodes to select, depending on their computation power, the field size they want to operate. However, it is still unclear how to reduce Fulcrum's decoding complexity especially for a high generation size. In this paper, we integrate sparsity at the encoding process, meaning to reduce the number of non-zero coefficients, resulting in three Fulcrum variations and conduct a thorough performance evaluation. Our simulation results show that sparsity significantly improves Fulcrum codes, increasing encoding and decoding speeds by 20x and 1.8, respectively, while maintaining a low overhead. This gains are on top of the gains provided by Fulcrum codes over RLNC.
Gateless depletion mode field effect transistor for macromolecule sensing (2003)

In this work, we create a gateless, depletion mode field effect transistor that operates as a molecular recognition based electronic sensor. The transistor consists of source and drain diffusions, a depletion-mode implant, and an insulating layer. The insulating layer is chemically modified by immobilized molecular receptors that enable miniaturized label-free molecular detection that is amenable to high-density array formats. Here, we describe the development of a microelectronic multi-sensor capable of reagent-free detection of a variety of biological macromolecules. Moreover, we study the effectiveness of the device for sensing macromolecules (such as proteins or DNA) quantitatively and in real time. Such capability can lead to the early detection of a variety of diseases and toxins including, but not limited to strains of cancer, influenza, and anthrax. The response of the sensor to buffer, proteins, and the antibody antigen-recognition event is also provided.
An Innovation in Thermoplastic, Reworkable Adhesive Pastes (1996)

Today’s emerging markets in the electronic packaging industry require some unique properties in adhesives, especially in die attach applications. In multichip module (MCM) applications, for example, the low temperature reworkability of die bonds is of primary importance, particularly if known good die (KGD) are not employed. If KGD are used in the MCM, a temporary, reworkable die adhesive is also desirable for a KGD testing programme. Large area die on organic substrates, which are key to the more portable, high power computers, require a very compliant adhesive to absorb the high mismatch in expansions. An overview of the present adhesive technologies reveals some serious limitations in their application and performance. Traditional Ag epoxies, primarily because of their irreversible ‘thermosetting’ during cure, do not fulfill all the material requirements. Thermoplastic chemistries are ideal candidates for MCMs because of their reversible melting and resolidification properties. This paper details the development of a novel silver loaded thermoplastic paste that overcomes most of the deficiencies seen in present day adhesives. One of the main obstacles that has hindered the use of thermoplastic pastes as an adhesive has been the slow solvent extraction during the curing step. With current technology, this inherently slow solvent extraction typically requires a complex process of first depositing a flat profile, then removing the solvent with a pre‐drying step, and finally attaching the die by a heat/pressure step. A blend of components, hereafter referred to as DM4030, has been tested and compared against conventional materials in the industry. Functional properties of adhesion, resistivity, wire bonding and others are summarised for various temperature profiles. Long‐term reliability test results are shown for temperature cycling, temperature/humidity (85° C, 85% RH), and high temperature storage. For reworkability applications, die removal force as a function of temperature is also presented.
SAR despeckling by sparse reconstruction on affinity nets (SRAN) (2012)

This paper presents a new approach for multiplicative noise removal in SAR images based on sparse coding by dictionary learning and collaborative filtering. First, an affinity net is formed by clustering log-similar image patches where a cluster is represented as a node in the net. For each cluster, an under-complete dictionary is computed using the alternative decision method that iteratively updates the dictionary and the sparse coefficients. The nodes belonging to the same cluster are then reconstructed by a sparse combination of the corresponding dictionary atoms. The reconstructed patches are finally collaboratively aggregated to build the denoised image. Experimental results demonstrate superior despeckle filtering performance.
[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoroethyl Triazole Substituted PSMA Inhibitor Exhibiting Rapid Normal Organ Clearance (2016)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in the epithelium of prostate cancer and nonprostate solid tumor neovasculature. PSMA is increasingly utilized as a target for cancer imaging and therapy. Here, we report the synthesis and in vivo biodistribution of a low-molecular-weight PSMA-based imaging agent, 2-[3-(1-carboxy-5-{3-[1-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-yl]propanamido}pentyl)ureido]pentanedioic acid ([(18)F]YC-88), containing an [(18)F]fluoroethyl triazole moiety. [(18)F]YC-88 was synthesized from 2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl azide and the corresponding alkyne precursor in two steps using either a one- or two-pot procedure. Biodistribution and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were performed in immunocompromised mice using isogenic PSMA(+) PC3 PIP and PSMA(-) PC3 flu xenografts. YC-88 exhibited high affinity for PSMA as evidenced by a Ki value of 12.9 nM. The non-decay corrected radiochemical yields of [(18)F]YC-88 averaged 14 ± 1% (n = 5). Specific radioactivities ranged from 320 to 2,460 Ci/mmol (12-91 GBq/μmol) with an average of 940 Ci/mmol (35 GBq/μmol, n = 5). In an immunocompromised mouse model, [(18)F]YC-88 clearly delineated PSMA(+) PC3 PIP prostate tumor xenografts on imaging with PET. At 1 h postinjection, 47.58 ± 5.19% injected dose per gram of tissue (% ID/g) was evident within the PSMA(+) PC3 PIP tumor, with a ratio of 170:1 of uptake within PSMA(+) PC3 PIP to PSMA(-) PC3 flu tumor placed in the opposite flank. The tumor-to-kidney ratio at 2 h postinjection was 4:1. At or after 30 min postinjection, minimal nontarget tissue uptake of [(18)F]YC-88 was observed. Compared to [(18)F]DCFPyL, which is currently in clinical trials, the uptake of [(18)F]YC-88 within the kidney, liver, and spleen was significantly lower at all time-points studied. At 30 min and 1 h postinjection, salivary gland uptake of [(18)F]YC-88 was significantly less than that of [(18)F]DCFPyL. [(18)F]YC-88 is a new PSMA-targeted PET agent synthesized utilizing click chemistry that demonstrates high PSMA(+) tumor uptake in a xenograft model. Because of its low uptake in the kidney, rapid clearance from nontarget organs, and relatively simple one-pot, two-step radiosynthesis, [(18)F]YC-88 is a viable new PET radiotracer for imaging PSMA-expressing lesions.
Secure Outsourced Matrix Computation and Application to Neural Networks (2018)

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a powerful cryptographic primitive to address privacy and security issues in outsourcing computation on sensitive data to an untrusted computation environment. Comparing to secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC), HE has advantages in supporting non-interactive operations and saving on communication costs. However, it has not come up with an optimal solution for modern learning frameworks, partially due to a lack of efficient matrix computation mechanisms. In this work, we present a practical solution to encrypt a matrix homomorphically and perform arithmetic operations on encrypted matrices. Our solution includes a novel matrix encoding method and an efficient evaluation strategy for basic matrix operations such as addition, multiplication, and transposition. We also explain how to encrypt more than one matrix in a single ciphertext, yielding better amortized performance. Our solution is generic in the sense that it can be applied to most of the existing HE schemes. It also achieves reasonable performance for practical use; for example, our implementation takes 9.21 seconds to multiply two encrypted square matrices of order 64 and 2.56 seconds to transpose a square matrix of order 64. Our secure matrix computation mechanism has a wide applicability to our new framework EDM, which stands for encrypted data and encrypted model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that supports secure evaluation of the prediction phase based on both encrypted data and encrypted model, whereas previous work only supported applying a plain model to encrypted data. As a benchmark, we report an experimental result to classify handwritten images using convolutional neural networks (CNN). Our implementation on the MNIST dataset takes 28.59 seconds to compute ten likelihoods of 64 input images simultaneously, yielding an amortized rate of 0.45 seconds per image.
Improving Robustness of Heterogeneous Serverless Computing Systems via Probabilistic Task Pruning (2019)

Cloud-based serverless computing is an increasingly popular computing paradigm. In this paradigm, different services have diverse computing requirements that justify deploying an inconsistently Heterogeneous Computing (HC) system to efficiently process them. In an inconsistently HC system, each task needed for a given service, potentially exhibits different execution times on each type of machine. An ideal resource allocation system must be aware of such uncertainties in execution times and be robust against them, so that Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of users are met. This research aims to maximize the robustness of an HC system utilized to offer a serverless computing system, particularly when the system is oversubscribed. Our strategy to maximize robustness is to develop a task pruning mechanism that can be added to existing task-mapping heuristics without altering them. Pruning tasks with a low probability of meeting their deadlines improves the likelihood of other tasks meeting their deadlines, thereby increasing system robustness and overall QoS. To evaluate the impact of the pruning mechanism, we examine it on various configurations of heterogeneous and homogeneous computing systems. Evaluation results indicate a considerable improvement (up to 35%) in the system robustness.
Influence of spatial complexity and room acoustic disparity on perception of quality features using a binaural synthesis system (2015)

This contribution presents investigations on the influence of scene complexity and room acoustic disparity on the perception of different quality features using a binaural headphone system. The quality features “spatial presence” and “listener envelopment” are investigated next to “perceived externalization” and “localization” of an auditory event. The test uses three different rooms with distinct room acoustic characteristics and several scenes with different spatial complexity. The work addresses the question if the quality features can profit by the different audio scenes or not. The results show that spatial presence is influenced by spatial complexity while room acoustic disparity influences listener envelopment. Furthermore, externalization and localization are not affected by spatial complexity regardless of the personalization method used for binaural synthesis.
Identification of Immunogenic and Serum Binding Proteins of <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (2005)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal of human skin and a leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Limited information is available about S. epidermidis proteins that are expressed upon transition to the bloodstream or those involved in host-pathogen interactions. A cell surface fraction from S. epidermidis 0-47 grown in rabbit serum to mimic environmental signals encountered during a bloodstream infection was separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. Following 2D separation, the proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose and detected with either pooled sera generated in rabbits immunized with live S. epidermidis 0-47 or with biotin-labeled serum proteins eluted from the surface of bacteria grown in rabbit serum. Twenty-nine immunoreactive or serum binding proteins of S. epidermidis were identified by mass spectrometry. Twenty-seven of the corresponding genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant proteins were used to immunize mice. In a preliminary screen, 12 of the 27 recombinant proteins induced a response that reduced the number of bacteria recovered from the spleen or bloodstream of infected mice. In subsequent vaccination studies, 5 of the 12 proteins resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the number of bacteria. The identification of five candidate vaccine antigens from the initial screen of only 29 proteins demonstrates the utility of this approach.
Interior Permanent Magnet Machine (2009)

An interior permanent magnet machine includes a stator including a plurality of electrical conductors. The interior permanent magnet machine further includes a rotor concentrically disposed in relation to the stator. The rotor is configured to rotate relative to the stator about a rotational axis and includes a plurality of polar pieces arranged annularly about the rotational axis. At least one of the polar pieces includes a magnetic layer configured to magnetically interact with the electrical conductors. The magnetic layer has a substantially conic section shape.
Simple spectral stray light correction method for array spectroradiometers (2006)

A simple, practical method has been developed to correct a spectroradiometer's response for measurement errors arising from the instrument's spectral stray light. By characterizing the instrument's response to a set of monochromatic laser sources that cover the instrument's spectral range, one obtains a spectral stray light signal distribution matrix that quantifies the magnitude of the spectral stray light signal within the instrument. By use of these data, a spectral stray light correction matrix is derived and the instrument's response can be corrected with a simple matrix multiplication. The method has been implemented and validated with a commercial CCD-array spectrograph. Spectral stray light errors after the correction was applied were reduced by 1-2 orders of magnitude to a level of approximately 10(-5) for a broadband source measurement, equivalent to less than one count of the 15-bit-resolution instrument. This method is fast enough to be integrated into an instrument's software to perform real-time corrections with minimal effect on acquisition speed. Using instruments that have been corrected for spectral stray light, we expect significant reductions in overall measurement uncertainties in many applications in which spectrometers are commonly used, including radiometry, colorimetry, photometry, and biotechnology.
Mixed Reality Extended TV (2016)

The Extended TV application allows to enhance an audiovisual content displayed on a TV, using Mixed Reality technology. During preprocessing, the close environment of the TV is scanned using a consumer depth camera. The captured RGB-D data are analyzed, providing models for both the 3D geometry and the lighting of the real scene. During runtime, the TV is watched through a tablet, and virtual objects can apparently come out of the screen and start populating the user's environment. Virtual objects can be occluded by real objects, and virtual shadows are consistent with the real ones.
Local Causal and Markov Blanket Induction for Causal Discovery and Feature Selection for Classification Part I: Algorithms and Empirical Evaluation (2010)

We present an algorithmic framework for learning local causal structure around target variables of interest in the form of direct causes/effects and Markov blankets applicable to very large data sets with relatively small samples. The selected feature sets can be used for causal discovery and classification. The framework (Generalized Local Learning, or GLL) can be instantiated in numerous ways, giving rise to both existing state-of-the-art as well as novel algorithms. The resulting algorithms are sound under well-defined sufficient conditions. In a first set of experiments we evaluate several algorithms derived from this framework in terms of predictivity and feature set parsimony and compare to other local causal discovery methods and to state-of-the-art non-causal feature selection methods using real data. A second set of experimental evaluations compares the algorithms in terms of ability to induce local causal neighborhoods using simulated and resimulated data and examines the relation of predictivity with causal induction performance.

Our experiments demonstrate, consistently with causal feature selection theory, that local causal feature selection methods (under broad assumptions encompassing appropriate family of distributions, types of classifiers, and loss functions) exhibit strong feature set parsimony, high predictivity and local causal interpretability. Although non-causal feature selection methods are often used in practice to shed light on causal relationships, we find that they cannot be interpreted causally even when they achieve excellent predictivity. Therefore we conclude that only local causal techniques should be used when insight into causal structure is sought.

In a companion paper we examine in depth the behavior of GLL algorithms, provide extensions, and show how local techniques can be used for scalable and accurate global causal graph learning.