gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Docking Casette For Printed Circuit Boards (2003)

A docking apparatus for printed circuit boards including a cassette housing, having a housing base, a housing cover and a housing wall, wherein the housing base and the housing wall are disposed relative to each other so as to define a housing cavity for containing a printed circuit board and wherein the housing wall includes a cable opening disposed so as to be communicated with the housing cavity, a linkage mechanism, wherein the linkage mechanism includes an engagement configuration and a disengagement configuration and wherein the linkage mechanism is disposed so as to be associated with the cassette housing and a housing bezel, wherein the housing bezel is disposed relative to the cassette housing so as to be associated with the cable opening.
Raman Imaging of Human Macular Pigments (2002)

We have imaged the spatial distribution of macular carotenoid pigments (MPs) in the human retina, employing Raman spectroscopy. Using excised human eyecups as initial test samples and resonant excitation of the pigment molecules with narrow-bandwidth blue light from a mercury arc lamp, we record Raman images originating from the carbon– carbon double-bond stretch vibrations of the molecules. Preliminary Raman images reveal significant differences in the MPs of different samples in regard to absolute levels as well as spatial variation. This technique holds promise as a method of rapid screening of MPs in large populations at risk for vision loss from age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness. © 2002 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 170.3880, 330.4300, 170.5660. Over the past few years there has been increasing interest in studying the role of macular carotenoid pigments (MPs) in the human retina. Composed of the carotenoid species lutein and zeaxanthin, these pigments are concentrated in the macula lutea, an 5-mm-diameter region of the retina that is essential for highest visual acuity and color vision. The MPs may be of fundamental importance in the treatment and prevention of age-related macular degeneration, 1,2 a leading cause of blindness. These pigments absorb light in the blue-green spectral range and are thought to act as f ilters attenuating photochemical damage and (or) image degradation caused by the highly phototoxic effect of blue-green light components reaching the retina. In addition, it is speculated that MPs may play a protective role as free radical scavenging antioxidants. To facilitate age-related macular degeneration research, a noninvasive, reliable, and objective method for measuring MPs in the living human macula is needed. Currently the most commonly used noninvasive method of measuring MP levels is a psychophysical heterochromatic f licker photometric test involving color-intensity matching of a light beam aimed at the fovea and another aimed at the perifoveal area. 3,4 However, this method is subjective and time intensive, and it requires an alert, cooperative subject with good visual acuity. Its repeatability depends on the understanding by the subject of the task involved. Thus, the usefulness of this method for assessing MP levels in the elderly population most at risk for age-related macular degeneration and in subjects with macular pathologies is severely limited. Nevertheless, researchers have used f licker photometry to investigate important questions such as variations of MP density with age and diet. In a recent f licker photometry study, for example, the MP density was found to increase slightly with age, 5 whereas two other studies found the opposite trend 6,7 and one study found no change. 8 Several groups have demonstrated objective methods for detection of MPs based on spectral fundus re
A Review of the High-Power All-Solid-State Single-Frequency Continuous-Wave Laser (2021)

High-power all-solid-state single-frequency continuous-wave (CW) lasers have been applied in basic research such as atomic physics, precision measurement, radar and laser guidance, as well as defense and military fields owing to their intrinsic advantages of high beam quality, low noise, narrow linewidth, and high coherence. With the rapid developments of sciences and technologies, the traditional single-frequency lasers cannot meet the development needs of emerging science and technology such as quantum technology, quantum measurement and quantum optics. After long-term efforts and technical research, a novel theory and technology was proposed and developed for improving the whole performance of high-power all-solid-state single-frequency CW lasers, which was implemented by actively introducing a nonlinear optical loss and controlling the stimulated emission rate (SER) in the laser resonator. As a result, the output power, power and frequency stabilities, tuning range and intensity noise of the single-frequency lasers were effectively enhanced.
S3: A Service-Oriented Reference Architecture (2007)

For most businesses, a service-oriented architecture offers considerable flexibility in aligning IT functions and business processes and goals. An SOA decouples reusable functions, for example, and lets an organization externalize quality-of-service (QoS) variations in declarative specifications such as WS-Policy and related standards. As a flexible, extensible architectural framework, SOA reduces cost, increases revenue, and enables rapid application delivery and integration across organizations and siloed applications. There's a challenging downside to SOA, however, in that it's significantly difficult to create an SOA solution. The architect must figure out how to produce a solution using a well-defined notation or how to organize the solution as an architectural framework with interconnected architectures and transformation capabilities. There is also the question of how to design for reusability and which tools will take the guesswork out of architecture validation and capacity planning
Quantum well resonant tunneling bipolar transistor operating at room temperature (1986)

The first resonant tunneling bipolar transistor (RBT) is reported. The AlGaAs/GaAs wide gap emitter device, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, contains a GaAs quantum well and two AlAs barriers between the emitter and the collector. In the common emitter configuration, when the base current exceeds a threshold value, a large drop in the collector current (corresponding to a quenching of the current gain β) is observed at room temperature along with a pronounced negative conductance as a function of the collector-emitter voltage. These striking characteristics are caused by the quenching of resonant tunneling through the double barrier as the conduction band edge in the emitter is raised above the bottom of the first quantized subband of the well. Single frequency oscillations are observed at 300 K. The inherent negative transconductance of these new functional devices is extremely valuable for many logic and signal processing applications.
Nighttime Application of PV Solar Farm as STATCOM to Regulate Grid Voltage (2009)

This letter presents a novel concept of utilizing photovoltaic (PV) solar farm (SF) as a flexible ac transmission systems controller-static synchronous compensator, to regulate the point of common coupling voltage during nighttime when the SF is not producing any active power. This concept, although general, is presented for the scenario of a distribution feeder, which has both PV solar and wind farms connected to it. The proposed control will enable increased connections of renewable energy sources in the grid. A MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation study is presented under variable wind power generation and fault condition to validate the proposed concept.
Characterization of human <i>Fas</i> gene. Exon/intron organization and promoter region. (1995)

Ligation of the Fas cell-surface molecule induces apoptosis. Defective Fas-mediated apoptosis has been associated with spontaneous autoimmunity in mice. Using human Fas/Apo-1 cDNA as a probe, we have molecularly cloned and characterized the human Fas chromosomal gene. The gene consists of nine exons and spans more than 26 kilobases of DNA. The lengths of introns vary from > 14 kilobases at the 5' end of the gene to 152 base pairs upstream of the exon encoding the transmembrane domain. The domain structure of the human Fas is encoded by an exon or a set of exons. Primer extension analysis revealed three major transcription initiation sites. The promoter region lacked canonical "TATA" and "CAAT" boxes but was a "GC-rich" sequence, and contained consensus sequences for AP-1, GF-1, NY-Y, CP-2, EBP20, and c-myb. These data provide the first characterization of the human Fas gene and insight into its regulatory region.
Investigational new drug enabling angiotensin oral-delivery studies to attenuate pulmonary hypertension (2019)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly and uncurable disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and increased pulmonary artery pressure. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its product, angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] were expressed in lettuce chloroplasts to facilitate affordable oral drug delivery. Lyophilized lettuce cells were stable up to 28 months at ambient temperature with proper folding, assembly of CTB-ACE2/ANG-(1-7) and functionality. When the antibiotic resistance gene was removed, Ang1-7 expression was stable in subsequent generations in marker-free transplastomic lines. Oral gavage of monocrotaline-induced PAH rats resulted in dose-dependent delivery of ANG-(1-7) and ACE2 in plasma/tissues and PAH development was attenuated with decreases in right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV systolic pressure, total pulmonary resistance and pulmonary artery remodeling. Such attenuation correlated well with alterations in the transcription of Ang-(1-7) receptor MAS and angiotensin II receptor AGTRI as well as IL-1β and TGF-β1. Toxicology studies showed that both male and female rats tolerated ~10-fold ACE2/ANG-(1-7) higher than efficacy dose. Plant cell wall degrading enzymes enhanced plasma levels of orally delivered protein drug bioencapsulated within plant cells. Efficient attenuation of PAH with no toxicity augurs well for clinical advancement of the first oral protein therapy to prevent/treat underlying pathology for this disease.
Fast optimization of nano-CMOS mixed-signal circuits through accurate metamodeling (2011)

Design optimization methodologies for AMS-SoCs with analog, digital, and mixed-signal portions have not received significant attention, due to their high complexity. In mixed-signal circuit design, optimization and simulation are still important issues as they make the design cycle longer. This paper presents a new approach to reduce design optimization time. The approach relies on the fact that optimization carried out over a metamodel (which is an abstracted representation of the circuit model) instead of the actual circuit will allow fast design space exploration and reduce the design cycle time. In this paper three different optimization algorithms are compared: exhaustive search, tabu search and simulated annealing algorithms are analyzed to determine their suitability for metamodeling-based optimization. A ring oscillator is designed for a 45 nm nano-CMOS technology and the post-layout parasitic netlist is used as a test case for a comparative study. It is observed that the metamodel-based simulated-annealing optimization algorithm achieved ~9000× speed-up over the actual circuit-based optimization.
Adaptive Video Subsampling For Energy-Efficient Object Detection (2019)

Energy-efficient computer vision is vitally important for embedded and mobile platforms where a longer battery life can allow increased deployment in the field. In image sensors, one of the primary causes of energy expenditure is the sampling and digitization process. Smart subsampling of the image-array in a manner that is task-specific, can result in significant savings of energy. We present an adaptive algorithm for video subsampling, which is aimed at enabling accurate object detection, while saving sampling energy. The approach utilizes objectness measures, which we show can be accurately estimated even from sub-sampled frames, and then uses that information to determine the adaptive sampling for the subsequent frame. We show energy savings of 18 - 67% with only a slight degradation in object detection accuracy in experiments. These results motivated us to further explore energy-efficient subsampling using advanced techniques such as, reinforcement learning and Kalman filtering. The experiments using these techniques are underway and provide ample support for adaptive subsampling as a promising avenue for embedded computer vision in the future.
New simplified measuring method for distributed low-level birefringence (2008)

This paper introduces the principle and execution of a new method for measuring of distributed minute birefringence based on simple polarimetry with phase-shifting method. The new method requires only three stepped photoelastic data although conventional phase-stepping methods require four or more. To evaluate the new method experimentally, two precise crystal wave plates having nominal retardation ± tolerance of 79.1±3.5 and 10.0±4.7 nanometers were used as specimens. The experimental averages of the distributed retardation in the specimens with standard deviations were found to be 80.2±15.0 and 18.8±7.06 nanometers. To estimate the measurement accuracy of the angular orientations of the distributed birefringence in the specimens, the angular positions of the rotation stage for the specimens were rotated intermittently 45 or 30 degrees at a time during the experiment. As a result, the averages of measured offsets of the angular orientations were found to be 30.1±8.14 for the specimen of 79.1 nanometers with standard deviations. It is concluded that the new method has potential of measuring for distributed minute birefringence.
Model of human breathing reflected signal received by PN-UWB radar (2014)

Human detection is an integral component of civilian and military rescue operations, military surveillance and combat operations. Human detection can be achieved through monitoring of vital signs. In this article, a mathematical model of human breathing reflected signal received in PN-UWB radar is proposed. Unlike earlier published works, both chest and abdomen movements are considered for modeling the radar return signal along with the contributions of fundamental breathing frequency and its harmonics. Analyses of recorded reflected signals from three subjects in different postures and at different ranges from the radar indicate that ratios of the amplitudes of the harmonics contain information about posture and posture change.
Modulation of T Cell Proliferation Through the LIGHT-HVEM-BTLA Cosignaling Pathway (2009)

The maintenance of T cell homeostasis requires the balance of both positive and negative regulatory signals of T cell proliferation. The herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) is a TNF superfamily receptor member, which provides a stimulatory signal following engagement with LIGHT (TNFSF14) on T cells. In contrast, HVEM can also provide an inhibitory signal to T cells when it binds the B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), a ligand member of the Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. Thus, HVEM may be viewed as a molecular switch, capable of facilitating both stimulatory and inhibitory cosignaling in T cells. Substantial evidence from both human disease and from experimental mouse models has indicated that dysregulation of the LIGHT-HVEM-BTLA cosignaling pathway can cause inflammation in the lung and in mucosal tissues. Moreover, the discovery that two different viruses, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) both target the LIGHT-HVEM-BTLA system as part of their immune evasion strategies suggests that this cosignaling pathway may prove useful in manipulating host immunity. Indeed, the LIGHT-HVEM-BTLA system may constitute an important molecular target for biopharmaceutical intervention as it holds the key for controlling both costimulatory and coinhibitory signals. Thus, the rational manipulation of this pathway should aid in the development of safer and more effective drugs for a wide range of autoimmune-related inflammatory disorders. To this end, this review provides a summary on several recent patents associated with the LIGHT-HVEM-BTLA cosignaling system.
Molecular cloning and expression of human EP<sub>3</sub> receptors: evidence of three variants with differing carboxyl termini (1994)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in combination with plaque hybridization analysis to clone four variants of the EP 3 prostaglandin receptor from a human small intestine cDNA library. Three of these variants, i.e. the EP 3A , EP 3E and EP 3D , share the same primary amino acid sequence except for their carboxyl termini, which diverge from one another at the same point, approximately 10 amino acids away from the end of the seventh membrane spanning domain of the receptor. The fourth variant (EP 3A1 ) has a nucleotide coding sequence identical to EP 3A but has a completely different 3′;untranslated sequence. The carboxyl termini of the three isoforms differ most obviously in length with the EP 3A being the longest (41 amino acids) and the EP 3E being the shortest (16 amino acids). They also differ in content with the EP 3A containing 9 serine and threonines in its carboxyl terminus and the EP 3E none. Transient expression in eukaryotic cells showed that the human EP 3 receptor variants had similar but not identical radioligand binding properties and differed in their functional coupling to second messenger pathways. Up to 3 pmol mg −1 protein of [ 3 H]‐prostaglandin E 2 binding could be obtained with more than 95% specific binding. Using a reporter gene assay, as a measure of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, the EP 3A coupled more efficiently to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase than did the EP 3E . PCR was used to confirm the presence of mRNAs encoding the four human EP 3 receptor variants in tissues of the human small intestine, heart and pancreas. These findings indicate that the EP 3 receptor variants identified here are likely to be expressed in tissues. The differences in the carboxyl termini at the protein level, and in the 3′ untranslated regions at the mRNA level, could be profound in terms of the regulation and functional coupling of these receptor isoforms.
Microwave Tissue Soldering for Immediate Wound Closure (2011)

A novel approach for the immediate sealing of traumatic wounds is under development. A portable microwave generator and handheld antenna are used to seal wounds, binding the edges of the wound together using a biodegradable protein sealant or solder. This method could be used for repairing wounds in emergency settings, by restoring the wound surface to its original strength within minutes. This technique could also be utilized for surgical purposes involving solid visceral organs (i.e., liver, spleen, and kidney) that currently do not respond well to ordinary surgical procedures. A miniaturized microwave generator and a handheld antenna are used to deliver microwave energy to the protein solder, which is applied to the wound. The antenna can be of several alternative designs optimized for placement either in contact with or proximity to the protein solder covering the wound. In either case, optimization of the design includes the matching of impedances to maximize the energy delivered to the protein solder and wound at a chosen frequency. For certain applications, an antenna could be designed that would emit power only when it is in direct contact with the wound. The optimum frequency or frequencies for a specific application would depend on the required depth of penetration of the microwave energy. In fact, a computational simulation for each specific application could be performed, which would then match the characteristics of the antenna with the protein solder and tissue to best effect wound closure. An additional area of interest with potential benefit that remains to be validated is whether microwave energy can effectively kill bacteria in and around the wound. Thus, this may be an efficient method for simultaneously sterilizing and closing wounds. Using microwave energy to seal wounds has a number of advantages over lasers, which are currently in experimental use in some hospitals. Laser tissue welding is unsuitable for emergency use because its large, bulky equipment cannot be easily moved between operating rooms, let alone relocated to field sites where emergencies often occur. In addition, this approach is highly dependent on the uniformity and thickness of the protein solder as well as the surgeon s skills. In contrast, the use of microwave energy is highly tolerant of the thickness of the protein solder, level of fluids in and around the wound, and other parameters that can adversely affect the outcome of laser welding. However, controlling the depth of penetration of the microwave energy into the wound is critical for achieving effective wound sealing without damaging the adjacent tissue. In addition, microspheres that encapsulate metallic cores could also be incorporated into the protein solder to further control the depth of penetration of the microwave energy.
Low quiescent current LDO with improved load transient (2008)

Design analysis of CMOS low dropout regulator (LDO)focusing on low quiescent current and load transient improvement methodologies and structures are discussed in this paper.Low quiescent current in battery-operated systems is an intrinsic performance parameter because it partially determines battery life. Load transient improvement helps avoiding malfunction, reset, latch up or fail of microprocessor which is supplied from the LDO. Some low quiescent current LDOs witmicroprocessh improved load transient are included and analysed.
SPREAD (2013)

The perception of sensory information and its impact on behavior is a fundamental component of being human. While visual perception is considered for navigation, collision, and behavior selection, the acoustic domain is relatively unexplored. Recent work in acoustics focuses on synthesizing sound in 3D environments; however, the perception of acoustic signals by a virtual agent is a useful and realistic adjunct to any behavior selection mechanism. In this paper, we present SPREAD, a novel agent-based sound perception model using a discretized sound packet representation with acoustic features including amplitude, frequency range, and duration. SPREAD simulates how sound packets are propagated, attenuated, and degraded as they traverse the virtual environment. Agents perceive and classify the sounds based on the locally-received packet set using a hierarchical clustering scheme, and have individualized hearing and understanding of their surroundings. Using this model, we demonstrate several simulations that greatly enrich controls and outcomes.