gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current Challenges Towards the Development of a Blood Test for Parkinson’s Disease (2014)

Parkinson' disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide. To date, there is no disease-modifying agent, and current medical treatment only provides symptomatic benefits. Early diagnosis of PD would be useful in clinical practice to identify patients for clinical trials, test potential drugs and neuroprotective agents and track their therapeutic effect. Considerable progress has been made in the discovery and validation of diagnostic biomarkers for PD. In particular, blood-based biomarkers have shown promise in identifying PD patients in samples from independent clinical trials. Evaluation of these biomarkers in de novo patients and individuals at risk for PD remains a top priority. Here, we review the current advances and challenges toward the clinical translation of these biomarkers into a blood-based test for PD.
Components for optical qubits encoded in sideband modes (2004)

We describe a scheme for the encoding and manipulation of single photon qubits in optical sideband modes using standard optical elements. We propose and analyze the radio frequency half-wave plate, which may be used to make arbitrary rotations of a state in the frequency basis, and the frequency beamsplitter, which may be used to separate (or combine) photons of different frequencies into (from) different spatial modes.
Applying Multiple-Point Geostatistics to Reservoir Modeling – A Practical Perspective (2007)

We present an overview of the practical application of the emerging geostatistical approach called multiple-point geostatistics (MPS), with an emphasis on its applications to reservoir modeling in the oil industry. MPS uses quantitative, pixel-based templates, called training images, to help us build geocellular models. MPS differs from traditional variogram-based or object-based geostatistical approaches. MPS has the virtues of being able to honor multiple types of absolute and probabilistic constraints while reproducing the features in the training image. In this paper, we highlight the significance of using training images to drive reservoir modeling, the pros and cons of pixel-based MPS vs. object-based modeling, and the utility of training image catalogs for the MPS workflow. In addition to using MPS at reservoir scales to build facies or petrophysical models, the technique can be used to reconstruct pore-scale features. We believe that within a few years MPS will be a key modeling technique, applicable to multiple scales of geological features.
Identification of Alias Links among Participants in Narratives (2018)

Sangameshwar Patil, Sachin Pawar, Swapnil Hingmire, Girish Palshikar, Vasudeva Varma, Pushpak Bhattacharyya. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2018.
Auditory-somatosensory bimodal stimulation desynchronizes brain circuitry to reduce tinnitus in guinea pigs and humans (2018)

The dorsal cochlear nucleus is the first site of multisensory convergence in mammalian auditory pathways. Principal output neurons, the fusiform cells, integrate auditory nerve inputs from the cochlea with somatosensory inputs from the head and neck. In previous work, we developed a guinea pig model of tinnitus induced by noise exposure and showed that the fusiform cells in these animals exhibited increased spontaneous activity and cross-unit synchrony, which are physiological correlates of tinnitus. We delivered repeated bimodal auditory-somatosensory stimulation to the dorsal cochlear nucleus of guinea pigs with tinnitus, choosing a stimulus interval known to induce long-term depression (LTD). Twenty minutes per day of LTD-inducing bimodal (but not unimodal) stimulation reduced physiological and behavioral evidence of tinnitus in the guinea pigs after 25 days. Next, we applied the same bimodal treatment to 20 human subjects with tinnitus using a double-blinded, sham-controlled, crossover study. Twenty-eight days of LTD-inducing bimodal stimulation reduced tinnitus loudness and intrusiveness. Unimodal auditory stimulation did not deliver either benefit. Bimodal auditory-somatosensory stimulation that induces LTD in the dorsal cochlear nucleus may hold promise for suppressing chronic tinnitus, which reduces quality of life for millions of tinnitus sufferers worldwide.
Frictional imaging in a scanning near-field optical/atomic-force microscope by a thin step etched optical fiber probe (1997)

Use of a thin step etched optical fiber probe in a scanning near-field optical/atomic-force microscope (SNOM/AFM) produced frictional imaging. The probe was fabricated by the etching of an optical fiber to decrease its diameter and sharpen the tip end with a HF solution and by irradiating a CO2 laser beam to bend the tip. The spring constant of the thin probe is 100 times smaller than that of a conventional optical fiber probe, which allows the probe to be used as a contact AFM mode and in frictional imaging.
Tuning the swelling and mechanical properties of pH-responsive doubly crosslinked microgels using particle composition (2011)

pH-Responsive microgel particles are crosslinked polymer colloid particles that swell when the pH approaches the pKa. They have attracted a great deal of interest because of the ability to prepare stimulus responsive dispersions. Microgels that have only one form of crosslinking are termed singly crosslinked microgels (SX microgels). SX microgels are defined here as microgel particles that contain intra-particle linkages as the only source of covalent crosslinks. Recently, we introduced the first examples of a new family of pH-responsive doubly crosslinked microgel (DX microgels) [Liu et al., Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 4696]. DX microgels are hydrogels composed of covalently-linked functionalised SX microgel particles. DX microgels contain inter-particle crosslinking as well as intra-particle crosslinking. Here, we investigate pH-responsive DX microgels prepared using a new, more versatile, microgel functionalisation strategy. Carbodiimide chemistry is used to vinyl-functionalise poly(MMA/MAA/EGDMA) (methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) microgels (abbreviated as M-EGD). The DX microgels were prepared using pH-triggered inter-penetration of 2-aminoethylmethacrylate (AEM) functionalised SX microgels and free-radical crosslinking. The DX microgels based on M-EGD had built-in microporosity. Furthermore, dynamic rheology data show for the first time that the elastic modulus of DX microgels is proportional to the extent of vinyl group functionalisation. The generality of this approach was demonstrated by the preparation of DX microgels based on poly(EA/MAA/BDD) (ethylacrylate and 1, 4-butanediol diacrylate), which is abbreviated as E-BDD. The pH-responsive DX microgels have high elastic modulus values, swell strongly and have low sol fractions. They are injectable and the DX microgels have improved swelling at low pH which should increase the pH range for potential biomaterial applications. The data are compared with those reported by Liu et al. and the differences discussed.
Real Time Sub-Micron Thermal Imaging Using Thermoreflectance (2001)

Abstract Thermal measurements on a sub-micron scale are non-trivial, but are important for the characterization of modern semiconductor and opto-electronic devices. In this paper we will discuss the application of the thermoreflectance method for real time sub-micron thermal imaging. By using light in the visible spectrum, the diffraction limit, and thus spatial resolution is improved over a traditional infrared camera based on blackbody emission. With active excitation of the sample and frequency domain filtering, thermal images with 100mK temperature resolution are obtained. Experiments performed on semiconductor micro-coolers and micro-heaters are presented.
Contact lens‐type ocular <i>in vivo</i> dosimeter for radiotherapy (2019)

The CLOD is the first dosimeter that can be worn close to the eye. The results of cytotoxicity and irritation tests indicate that it is a stable medical device. The evaluation of dose characteristics in open field conditions shows that the CLOD can be applied to an in vivo dosimeter in radiotherapy.
Bacterial colonization and healing of gastric ulcers: the effects of epidermal growth factor (2000)

Experimental gastric ulcers are rapidly colonized by various bacteria, resulting in significantly impaired healing. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is capable of preventing bacterial colonization of the healthy intestinal mucosa. In this study, we examined the possibility that EGF accelerates gastric ulcer healing by reducing bacterial colonization of the ulcer. Gastric ulcers were induced by serosal application of acetic acid. The effect of daily administration of EGF on ulcer healing and bacterial colonization was assessed and compared with the effect of daily treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. EGF administration reduced colonization levels and accelerated ulcer healing as effectively as the antibiotic treatment. EGF was without effect on acid secretion or neutrophil infiltration into the ulcer. Bacterial growth was not inhibited in the presence of EGF in vitro. These results demonstrate that EGF reduces bacterial colonization during an established infection of a compromised mucosal surface. This effect may contribute to the ability of EGF to accelerate gastric ulcer healing. This effect is acid independent and not due to an anti-inflammatory effect or to direct bactericidal actions.
Cloning of Δ12‐ and Δ6‐desaturases from <i>Mortierella alpina</i> and recombinant production of γ‐linolenic acid in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1999)

Two cDNA clones with homology to known desaturase genes were isolated from the fungus Mortierella alpina. The open reading frame in one clone encoded 399 amino acids and exhibited delta12-desaturase activity when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of endogenous fatty acid substrate oleic acid. The insert in another clone contained an open reading frame encoding 457 amino acids and exhibited delta6-desaturase activity in S. cerevisiae in the presence of exogenous fatty acid substrate linoleic acid. Expression of the delta12-desaturase gene under appropriate media and temperature conditions led to the production of linoleic acid at levels up to 25% of the total fatty acids in yeast. When linoleic acid was provided as an exogenous substrate to the yeast cultures expressing the delta6-desaturase activity, the level of gamma-linolenic acid reached 10% of the total yeast fatty acids. Co-expression of both the delta6- and delta12-desaturase cDNA resulted in the endogenous production of gamma-linolenic acid. The yields of gamma-linolenic acid reached as high as 8% of total fatty acids in yeast.
Superplastic Behavior of Al-Mg-Cu Alloys (1987)

A new superplastic Al-Mg-Cu alloy is described. The effect of copper addition on superplastic properties of Al-Mg base alloy (AA5083) has been studied. By addition of 0.6%Cu, a high elongation of about 700% is obtained in deformation at a strain rate of 2.8×10-3s-1 and 550°C. Typical mechanical properties of formed parts made from the new alloy are 340MPa in tensile strength and 25% in elongation. The present alloy sheet has a potential for general applications in building and construction because of its properties very similar to the conventional 5000 system alloys and high productivity in the conventional casting and rolling process.
Diseases resulting from mitochondrial DNA point mutations (1992)

A number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been identified which cause familial, late onset neuromuscular degenerative diseases. These include missense mutations in most of the mtDNA polypeptide genes as well as base substitutions in several tRNA genes. Missense mutations in the mitochondrial electron-transport genes cause Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Ten mutations have been associated with this disease, but four at nps 11,178, 3460, 4160 and 15,257 appear sufficient in themselves to cause the disease. One missense mutation in the ATPase 6 gene at np 8993 causes a second phenotype, neurogenic muscle weakness, ataxia and retinitis pigmentosum. Transfer RNA mutations have been identified for myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibre disease in the tRNA(Lys) gene at np 8344 and for the mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome and for maternal mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy syndrome in the tRNA(Leu)(UUR) gene at nps 3234 and 3260, respectively. Deficiencies in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzymes have been observed in several common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Perhaps mtDNA mutations play a role in these as well.
Malignant and Benign Breast Masses on 3D US Volumetric Images: Effect of Computer-aided Diagnosis on Radiologist Accuracy (2007)

Use of a computer algorithm may improve radiologists' accuracy in distinguishing malignant from benign breast masses on 3D US volumetric images.
<title>New approach to auto-white-balancing and auto-exposure for digital still cameras</title> (2002)

This paper presents an auto-white balancing algorithm named scoring. The spectral distributions of the Macbeth reference colors together with the spectral distributions of various color temperature light sources are used to obtain a number of reference color points in the CbCr color space. A number of representative color points are also obtained from a captured image by using a previously developed multi-scale clustering algorithm. A match is then established between the set of reference colors and the set of representative colors. The matching scheme generates the most likely light source candidate under which the image is taken. Furthermore, this paper presents an auto-exposure algorithm using a mapping from the luminance histograms of five sub- areas in the image to an exposure value. A neural network is designed to perform the mapping. The histogram in each sub- area is used to determine the mean, variance, minimum, and maximum luminance for that sub-area. The same spatial information is computed for previous frames to incorporate temporal changes in luminance into the network.
Short-term scheduling of crude oil operations in refinery with high-fusion-point oil and two transportation pipelines (2014)

In some refineries, storage tanks are located at two different sites, one for low-fusion-point crude oil and the other for high one. Two pipelines are used to transport different oil types. Due to the constraints resulting from the high-fusion-point oil transportation, it is challenging to schedule such a system. This work studies the scheduling problem from a control-theoretic perspective. It proposes to use a hybrid Petri net method to model the system. It then finds the schedulability conditions by analysing the dynamic behaviour of the net model. Next, it proposes an efficient scheduling method to minimize the cost of high-fusion-point oil transportation. Finally, it gives a complex industrial case study to show its application.
Method of seismic exploration including processing and displaying shear seismic data (1989)

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Branched-chain fatty acid requirement for avermectin production by a mutant of Streptomyces avermitilis lacking branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity. (1991)

The eight natural avermectins produced by Streptomyces avermitilis have the carbon skeleton of either isobutyric or S-2-methylbutyric acid incorporated into their structures. A mutant of S. avermitilis has been isolated that contains no functional branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase activity. The mutant, in contrast to its parent, is unable to grow with isoleucine, valine and leucine as carbon sources. In medium lacking both S(+)-2-methylbutyric and isobutyric acid, the mutant is also incapable of making the natural avermectins, while supplementation with either one of these compounds restores production of the corresponding four natural avermectins. These facts indicate that in S. avermitilis the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase enzyme functions not only to catabolize the cellular branched-chain amino acids in order to meet energy and growth requirements but also to provide the small branched-chain organic acid precursor molecules necessary for avermectin biosynthesis. Supplementation of the mutant strain with R(-)-2-methylbutyric acid yields novel isomeric avermectins unseen in the (unsupplemented) wild-type strain. It was also concluded that acetate and propionate production by branched-chain 2-oxo acid degradation is not absolutely essential for avermectin production.
Multiplicative Filter Networks (2021)

Although deep networks are typically used to approximate functions over high dimensional inputs, recent work has increased interest in neural networks as function approximators for low-dimensional-but-complex functions, such as representing images as a function of pixel coordinates, solving differential equations, or representing signed distance fields or neural radiance fields. Key to these recent successes has been the use of new elements such as sinusoidal nonlinearities, or Fourier features in positional encodings, which vastly outperform simple ReLU networks. In this paper, we propose and empirically demonstrate that an arguably simpler class of function approximators can work just as well for such problems: multiplicative filter networks. In these networks, we avoid traditional compositional depth altogether, and simply multiply together (linear functions of) sinusoidal or Gabor wavelet functions applied to the input. This representation has the notable advantage that the entire function can simply be viewed as a linear function approximator over an exponential number of Fourier or Gabor basis functions, respectively. Despite this simplicity, when compared to recent approaches that use Fourier features with ReLU networks or sinusoidal activation networks, we show that these multiplicative filter networks largely outperform or match the performance of these recent approaches on the domains highlighted in these past works.
InP-based dilute-nitride mid-infrared type-II “W” quantum-well lasers (2004)

We propose and simulate dilute-nitride midwave-infrared (3–6μm) laser structures, whose type-II “W” active regions (InAsN∕GaAsSb∕InAsN∕GaInP) are designed for growth on InP substrates. Besides taking advantage of the relative maturity of InP-based processing technology, this approach allows the substrate to serve as the bottom optical cladding layer, and for a top InP clad to provide high thermal conductivity for epitaxial-side-down mounting. Band structure and optical analyses project that the proposed lasers should produce nearly as much gain as current type-II W devices on GaSb substrates.
Mistuning Identification of Bladed Disks Using a Fundamental Mistuning Model: Part 1 — Theory (2003)

This paper is the first in a two-part study of identifying mistuning in bladed disks. It develops a new method of mistuning identification based on measurements of the vibratory response of the system as a whole. As a system-based method, this approach is particularly suited to integrally bladed rotors, whose blades cannot be removed for individual measurements. The method is based on a recently developed reduced order model of mistuning called the Fundamental Mistuning Model, FMM, and is applicable to isolated families of modes. Two versions of FMM system identification are presented: a basic version that requires some prior knowledge of the system’s properties, and a somewhat more complex version that determines the mistuning completely from experimental data.
Insertion of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Long Terminal Repeat into the Genome of CVI988 Strain of Marek's Disease Virus Results in Enhanced Growth and Protection (2013)

Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by serotype 1 MD virus (MDV). Vaccination of commercial poultry has drastically reduced losses from MD, and the poultry industry cannot be sustained without the use of vaccines. Retrovirus insertion into herpesvirus genomes is an efficient process that alters the biological properties of herpesviruses. RM1, a virus derived from the virulent JM strain of MDV, by insertion of the reticuloendotheliosis (REV) long terminal repeat (LTR), was attenuated for oncogenicity but retains properties of the parental virus, such as lymphoid organ atrophy. Here we show that insertion of the REV LTR into the genome of vaccine strain CVI988 resulted in a virus (CVRM) that replicated to higher levels than parental CVI988 in cell culture and that remained apathogenic for chickens. In addition, CVRM showed protection indices similar or superior to those afforded by CVI988 virus in laboratory and field protection trials, indicating that it could be developed as a safe and efficacious vaccine to protect against very virulent plus MDV.
EVIDENCE FOR A SEX PHEROMONE IN THE MULLEIN BUG, <i>CAMPYLOMMA VERBASCI</i> (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) (1989)

Abstract Male mullein bugs, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), were attracted in field experiments in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia to traps baited with females, extracts of crushed females, or Porapak Q-captured volatiles from females on common mullein, Verbascum thapsus L. Extracts from the female head and thorax attracted more males than did abdominal extracts. Traps baited with C . verbasci of both sexes caged together were not attractive. Analysis by coupled gas chromatography – mass spectrometry revealed n -butyl butyrate and n -hexyl butyrate in female extracts and captured volatiles, but only the latter compound in male extracts. However, these esters were unattractive, either alone or combined. We suggest that Porapak Q-captured volatiles could be used in pheromone isolation, and that pheromone-baited traps have promise in monitoring populations of C . verbasci .
Stimuli Responsive Materials: Biopsy with Thermally‐Responsive Untethered Microtools (Adv. Mater. 4/2013) (2013)

The first biopsy with untethered, sub-millimeter scale grippers is described by David H. Gracias and co-workers on page 514. The cover shows the retrieval of cells from the bile duct of a live pig using thermally responsive tether-free m-grippers. The retrieved tissue was of a high enough quality and quantity to enable both histological and molecular biology analyses which forms the basis of diagnostics. Image created by Martin Rietveld.
Technology of manufacturing micropixel avalanche photodiodes and a compact matrix on their basis (2013)

A technology for manufacturing a new micropixel avalanche photodiode (MAPD) with deeply buried pixels (including two epitaxial layers between which an array of n +) regions is formed by ionic doping) is described. A new method for manufacturing the compact MAPD matrices with minimum dead zone is proposed.