gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High isolation and low insertion loss switch IC using GaAs MESFET's (1995)

A novel RF switch IC using GaAs MESFET's has been developed for digital communication systems. The new IC is composed of a three-stage SPST switch and a thin film termination resistor, which realizes a high isolation and a low return loss. In addition, a high power handling capability and a low insertion loss are simultaneously realized with two kinds of pinch-off voltages using the orientation effect of GaAs MESFET's. According to these technologies, the excellent performance is achieved as follows: the isolation of 60 dB, the return loss of 20 dB, the 1 dB power compression of 27 dBm and the insertion loss of 1.6 dB at a frequency of 1.9 GHz with control voltages of 0/-5 V. The new switch IC contributes to a variety of communication system using high-quality digital modulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antithrombotic effects of heme-degrading and heme-binding proteins (2020)

In the murine venous thrombosis model induced by ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVCL), genetic deficiency of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases clot size. This study examined whether induction of HO-1 or administration of its products reduces thrombosis. Venous HO-1 upregulation by gene delivery reduced clot size, as did products of HO activity, biliverdin, and carbon monoxide. Induction of HO-1 by hemin reduced clot formation, clot size, and upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that occurs in the IVCL model, while leaving urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression unaltered. The reductive effect of hemin on clot size required HO activity. The IVCL model exhibited relatively high concentrations of heme that peaked just before maximum clot size, then declined as clot size decreased. Administration of hemin decreased heme concentration in the IVCL model. HO-2 mRNA was induced twofold in the IVCL model (vs. 40-fold HO-1 induction), but clot size was not increased in HO-2<sup>-/-</sup> mice compared with HO-2<sup>+/+</sup> mice. Hemopexin, the major heme-binding protein, was induced in the IVCL model, and clot size was increased in hemopexin<sup>-/-</sup> mice compared with hemopexin<sup>+/+</sup> mice. We conclude that in the IVCL model, the heme-degrading protein HO-1 and HO products inhibit thrombus formation, as does the heme-binding protein, hemopexin. The reductive effects of hemin administration require HO activity and are mediated, in part, by reducing PAI-1 upregulation in the IVCL model. We speculate that HO-1, HO, and hemopexin reduce clot size by restraining the increase in clot concentration of heme (now recognized as a procoagulant) that otherwise occurs.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This study provides conclusive evidence that two proteins, one heme-degrading and the other heme-binding, inhibit clot formation. This may serve as a new therapeutic strategy in preventing and treating venous thromboembolic disease.
Thin upper-confining layer Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As-GaAs quantum well heterostructure laser diodes (1993)

AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs quantum well heterostructure (QWH) laser diodes with much thinner upper confining layers (0.6, 0.45, 0.3, and 0.2 μm) than usual (1–2 μm) are demonstrated. The diodes exhibit well behaved transverse far-field patterns, low broad-area pulsed threshold current densities, and high differential quantum efficiencies. The diodes with thinnest upper confining layers, ∼0.2 μm, have broad-area pulsed threshold current densities as low as Jth∼169 A/cm2 and a total external differential quantum efficiency ηT∼53% (∼500 μm long cavities). Stripe-geometry (40 μm wide) laser diodes made from the crystals with 0.2 μm upper confining layers exhibit room-temperature continuous (cw) threshold currents of 60 mA, output powers of ∼200 mW/facet (uncoated), and transverse far-field patterns with a full angle half power (FAHP) of 48°. Nonoptimized narrow-stripe (∼4 μm) native-oxide index-guided laser diodes fabricated on the same 0.2 μm confining layer QWH crystal operate at pulsed thresholds as low as 9 mA and continuous thresholds of 16 mA, with total external differential quantum efficiencies of 39% pulsed and 30% cw.
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Pathogenicity Island DNA Is Packaged in Particles Composed of Phage Proteins (2008)

Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) have an intimate relationship with temperate staphylococcal phages. During phage growth, SaPIs are induced to replicate and are efficiently encapsidated into special small phage heads commensurate with their size. We have analyzed by amino acid sequencing and mass spectrometry the protein composition of the specific SaPI particles. This has enabled identification of major capsid and tail proteins and a putative portal protein. As expected, all these proteins were phage encoded. Additionally, these analyses suggested the existence of a protein required for the formation of functional phage but not SaPI particles. Mutational analysis demonstrated that the phage proteins identified were involved only in the formation and possibly the function of SaPI or phage particles, having no role in other SaPI or phage functions.
Hipikat: recommending pertinent software development artifacts (2003)

A newcomer to a software project must typically come up-to-speed on a large, varied amount of information about the project before becoming productive. Assimilating this information in the open-source context is difficult because a newcomer cannot rely on the mentoring approach that is commonly used in traditional software developments. To help a newcomer to an open-source project become productive faster, we propose Hipikat, a tool that forms an implicit group memory from the information stored in a project's archives, and that recommends artifacts from the archives that are relevant to a task that a newcomer is trying to perform. To investigate this approach, we have instantiated the Hipikat tool for the Eclipse open-source project. In this paper, we describe the Hipikat tool, we report on a qualitative study conducted with a Hipikat mock-up on a medium-sized in-house project, and we report on a case study in which Hipikat recommendations were evaluated for a task on Eclipse.
Acute oxalate poisoning attributable to ingestion of curly dock (Rumex crispus) in sheep (1990)

Ten of 100 mature ewes were afflicted with acute oxalate toxicosis within 40 hours after being temporarily penned in a lot that contained considerable growing Rumex crispus (curly dock). Clinical signs of toxicosis included excess salivation, tremors, ataxia, and recumbency. Affected ewes were markedly hypocalcemic and azotemic. Oxalate crystals were not observed in urine. Gross postmortem lesions were minimal and nondiagnostic in 2 ewes that died peracutely, but perirenal edema and renal tubular degeneration were clearly observable in ewes euthanatized on the third day of toxicosis. Diagnosis of oxalate toxicosis was confirmed by histopathologic findings. Samples of Rumex spp contained 6.6 to 11.1% oxalic acid on a dry-weight basis, a concentration comparable with that in other oxalate-containing plants that have caused acute oxalate toxicosis.
The Regenerative Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Meniscal Cells <i>In Vitro</i> and Its <i>In Vivo</i> Application with Biodegradable Gelatin Hydrogel (2007)

The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhances meniscal tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, monolayer meniscal cell cultures were prepared, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt assay and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine assay were performed to assess proliferative behavior in the presence of PRP. Alcian blue assay was performed to assess extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. To detect the fibrocartilage-related messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. In the in vivo study, 1.5-mm-diameter full-thickness defects were created in the avascular region of rabbit meniscus. Gelatin hydrogel (GH) was used as the drug delivery system for PRP growth factors. The defects were filled as follows: Group A, GH with PRP; Group B, GH with platelet-poor plasma; Group C, GH only. Each group was evaluated histologically at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. PRP stimulated deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and ECM synthesis (p<0.05). Meniscal cells cultured with PRP showed greater mRNA expression of biglycan and decorin (p<0.05). Histological findings showed that remnants of gelatin hydrogels existed at 4 weeks, indicating that the hydrogels could control release for approximately 4 weeks. Histological scoring of the defect sites at 12 weeks revealed significantly better meniscal repair in animals that received PRP with GH than in the other two groups. These findings suggest that PRP enhances the healing of meniscal defects.
Utilizing SENSE to achieve lower station sub‐millimeter isotropic resolution and minimal venous enhancement in peripheral MR angiography (2002)

Decreased delay time between upper and lower station acquisition in single bolus peripheral MR angiograms, now possible using parallel imaging techniques, combined with lower station sub-millimeter resolution may decrease venous contamination and increase overall interpretability, thus increasing clinical acceptance of peripheral MRA.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Previously Burned or Irradiated Skin (1989)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in previously burned or irradiated skin was reviewed in 66 patients treated between 1944 and 1986. Healing of the initial injury was complicated in 70% of patients. Mean interval from initial injury to diagnosis of SCC was 37 years. The overwhelming majority of patients presented with a chronic intractable ulcer in previously injured skin. The regional relapse rate after surgical excision was very high, 58% of all patients. Predominant patterns of recurrence were in local skin and regional lymph nodes (93% of recurrences). Survival rates at 5, 10, and 20 years were 52%, 34%, and 23%, respectively. Five-year survival rates in previously burned and irradiated patients were not significantly different (53% and 50%, respectively). This review, one of the largest reported series, better defines SCC arising in previously burned or irradiated skin as a locally aggressive disease that is distinct from SCC arising in sunlight-damaged skin. An increased awareness of the significance of chronic ulceration in scar tissue may allow earlier diagnosis. Regional disease control and survival depend on surgical resection of all known disease and may require radical lymph node dissection or amputation.
Virtual actuator control (2002)

Robots typically have an individual actuator at each joint which can result in a nonintuitive and difficult control problem. In this paper we present a control method in which the real joint actuators are used to mimic virtual actuators which can be more intuitive and hence make the control problem more straightforward. Our virtual actuator control method requires a solution to the force distribution problem when applied to parallel mechanisms. An extension of Gardner's partitioned actuator set control method (1991) is presented. This extended method allows for dealing with constrained degrees of freedom in which the torque cannot be specified but can be measured. A simulated hexapod robot was developed to test the proposed control method. The virtual actuators allowed textbook control solutions to be used in controlling this highly nonlinear, parallel mechanism. Using a simple linear control law, the robot walked while simultaneously balancing a pendulum and tracking an object.
The role of the endocannabinoid system in female reproductive tissues (2019)

There has been increasing interest in the role of endocannabinoids as critical modulators of the female reproductive processes. Endocannabinoids are natural ligands of cannabinoid, vanilloid, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Together with their receptors, enzymes and downstream signaling targets, they form the endocannabinoid system (ECS). While the ECS is known to modulate pain and neurodevelopment, it is also known to impact the female reproductive system where it affects folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and ovarian endocrine secretion. In addition, the ECS affects oviductal embryo transport, implantation, uterine decidualization and placentation. There is a complex interplay between the ECS and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and an intricate crosstalk between the ECS and steroid hormone production and secretion. Exogenous cannabinoids, derived from plants such as Cannabis sativa, are also ligands for cannabinoid receptors. These have been shown to have clinical outcomes related to ECS dysregulation, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, along with adverse effects on female reproduction. The aim of this review is to describe and discuss data from human, animal, and in vitro studies that support the important role of the endocannabinoid system in female reproductive tissues and processes. In particular, we will discuss some of the mechanisms by which endocannabinoid signaling can affect ovarian function in both physiological and pathophysiological states.
Dopant influence on polysilicon capacitor oxide failure (2005)

In this work, we investigate polysilicon capacitor oxide defectivity as a function of dopant contamination in a 0.5 /spl mu/m mixed signal process. Experiments show that shallow n and p type dopant implants, used to mimic a cross contamination problem discovered in a PECVD cluster tool, can significantly degrade oxide integrity. Various possible mechanisms of the increased defectivity are discussed.
Speech enhancement with reduction of noise components in the wavelet domain (2002)

This paper describes a general problem of removing additive background noise from the noisy speech in the wavelet domain. A semisoft thresholding is used to remove noise components from the wavelet coefficients of noisy speech. To prevent the quality degradation of the unvoiced sounds during the denoising process, the unvoiced region is classified first and then thresholding is applied in a different way. Experimental results demonstrate that the speech enhancement algorithm using the wavelet transform is very promising.
Laser-Induced Removal of Fingerprints from Glass and Quartz Surfaces (1994)

Laser removal of fingerprints from glass and quartz surfaces was studied using laser irradiation in air. The KrF excimer laser, continuous wave (CW) CO 2 laser and pulsed CO 2 laser were used in the investigation. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) was performed to characterize the substrate surfaces before and after laser cleaning. It is found that short wavelength and pulse width are necessary for fingerprint removal. EPMA measurements show that KrF excimer laser irradiation can effectively remove fingerprints from glass and quartz surfaces with a few pulses if the pulse energy density is sufficiently high. In the laser removal of fingerprints from quartz surfaces, it is found that the irradiation direction of the incident laser pulse can cause significant differences in the cleaning effect for laser irradiations from the front or back. CO 2 laser irradiation, either in CW or pulse form, cannot effectively remove fingerprints.
The Reverse Engineering Design of Tread Pattern Based on Surfacer and Pro/E (2007)

The tyre sample was measured in non-contact way by laser scanner to capture 3D data of tread pattern.Surfacer software was used to deal with the point clouds and pick up the characteristic curves of the tread pattern,and the model was reconstructed by means of Pro/E software.The dimention error of finished model is less than 0.42mm,it is a useful try to reverse engineering design of tyre.
Results with commercial radioassay kits compared with microbiological assay of folate in serum and whole-blood. (1978)

We compared results with three commercial folate radioassay kits [Bio-Rad, New England Nuclear (NEN), and RIA Products] with those by microbiological assay for more than 200 samples of human serum and whole blood. All but one kit (NEN) compared favorably with the microbiological assay for serum samples, although there were notable diagnostic discrepancies. Two kits (NEN and Bio-Rad) were tested on whole-blood samples; both yielded values significantly higher than those by microbiological assay. The frequency distributions of erythrocyte folate data differed strikingly between the two kits; the NEN method yielded a much narrower range of normal values than did either the Bio-Rad or the microbiological assay. Radioassay kits appear to be suitable diagnostic agents for serum folate, if the behavior of a particular kit is investigated thoroughly before its routine use. However, the diagnostic value of radioassays of erythrocyte folate needs to be validated.
Parameters Affecting the Microwave-Specific Acceleration of a Chemical Reaction (2014)

Under appropriate conditions, significant microwave-specific enhancement of the reaction rate of an organic chemical reaction can be observed. Specifically, the unimolecular Claisen rearrangement of allyl p-nitrophenyl ether (ApNE) dissolved in naphthalene was studied under microwave heating and conventional convective (thermal) heating. Under constant microwave power, reaching a temperature of 185 °C, a 4-fold rate enhancement was observed in the microwave over that using convective heating; this means that the microwave reaction was proceeding at an effective temperature of 202 °C. Conversely, under constant temperature microwave conditions (200 °C), a negligible (∼1.5-fold) microwave-specific rate enhancement was observed. The largest microwave-specific rate enhancement was observed when a series of 300 W pulses, programmed for 145-175 °C and 85-155 °C cycles, where 2- and 9-fold rate enhancements, over what would be predicted by conventional thermal heating, was observed, respectively. The postulated origins of the microwave-specific effect are purely thermal and arise from selective heating of ApNE, a microwave-absorbing reactant in a nonabsorbing solvent. Under these conditions, excess heat is accumulated in the domains around the ApNE solute so that it experiences a higher effective temperature than the measured temperature of the bulk medium, resulting in an accelerated unimolecular rearrangement.
Multicast and broadcast multimedia services in mobile WiMax networks (2009)

Multicast and broadcast services in WiMAX are downlink point-to-multipoint access services optimized for transmission of a common set of multimedia data packets to a group of users. This capability enables low-cost delivery of large volumes of popular contents (e.g., for video/audio streaming and file sharing) in a mobile network. The MCBCS framework in WiMAX allows multicast/broadcast of data in a radio channel that is time shared with unicast services. In a single-frequency network, where MCBCS transmissions are synchronized or coordinated across BSs in the designated service area, the mobile stations can use macro-space diversity to improve achievable data rates and also maintain service continuity and power saving across cells with minimal interaction with the network.
Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Efavirenz by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles:<i>In Vitro</i>Drug Release and Pharmacokinetics Studies (2014)

Solid lipid nanoparticle is an efficient lipid based drug delivery system which can enhance the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Efavirenz is a highly lipophilic drug from nonnucleoside inhibitor category for treatment of HIV. Present work illustrates development of an SLN formulation for Efavirenz with increased bioavailability. At first, suitable lipid component and surfactant were chosen. SLNs were prepared and analyzed for physical parameters, stability, and pharmacokinetic profile. Efavirenz loaded SLNs were formulated using Glyceryl monostearate as main lipid and Tween 80 as surfactant. ESLN-3 has shown mean particle size of 124.5 ± 3.2 nm with a PDI value of 0.234, negative zeta potential, and 86% drug entrapment. In vitro drug release study has shown 60.6-98.22% drug release in 24 h by various SLN formulations. Optimized SLNs have shown good stability at 40°C ± 2°C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 180 days. ESLN-3 exhibited 5.32-fold increase in peak plasma concentration (C max) and 10.98-fold increase in AUC in comparison to Efavirenz suspension (ES).
Interactions between nitroglycerin and endothelium in vascular smooth muscle relaxation (1991)

To evaluate the role of endothelium in nitroglycerin (NTG)-mediated vascular relaxation, epinephrine-contracted rat thoracic aortic segments with and without intact endothelium were exposed to NTG (10(-10) to 10(-5) M). Aortic segments with intact (endo+, n = 15) and denuded endothelium (endo-, n = 9) exhibited typical NTG-induced relaxation. However, the mean effective concentration of NTG was lower for endo- than for endo+ segments (P less than 0.001). To determine if this phenomenon related to nitric oxide (NO) generation by endothelium, six endo+ segments were treated with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of NO production. These endo+ segments exhibited greater (P less than 0.001) relaxation in response to NTG than the untreated endo+ segments. Oxyhemoglobin, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase activation, greatly diminished NTG-mediated relaxation of all aortic segments. To determine if the enhanced NTG-mediated relaxation of endo- segments was unique to the guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent vasodilator NTG, other endo+ and endo- segments were exposed to adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent vasodilator papaverine (10(-8) to 10(-4) M), and no difference in EC50 was noted between endo+ and endo- segments. Thus endothelium attenuates NTG-mediated vasorelaxation, and this attenuation is abolished by inhibition of endothelial NO production with L-NMMA. These observations indicate that endothelium is a dynamic modulator of vascular smooth muscle relaxant effects of NTG. This modulation appears to result from a competitive interaction between endothelial NO and NTG.
Hierarchical Carbon Nanotube Membrane-Supported Gold Nanoparticles for Rapid Catalytic Reduction of <i>p</i>-Nitrophenol (2013)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted increasing attention as catalysts for pollutant degradation because of their unique reactivity. Direct use of gold nanoparticles in water treatment faces prohibitive challenges from nanoparticle aggregation and post-treatment separation. To prevent nanoparticles from aggregating and eliminate the need for separation, we affixed AuNPs on hierarchical carbon nanotube membrane (HCNM) that was approximately 50 μm thin with 10 μm × 10 μm openings as pores for water passage. HCNM was fabricated by growing vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays on stainless steel mesh. Using p-nitrophenol (PNP) as model pollutant, we showed that in batch experiments HCNM-supported AuNPs retained 78% of their catalytic capability compared to suspended AuNPs. The slight reduction in reactivity was attributed to the blockage of part of the gold surface at the AuNP–CNT juncture. When the membrane was used in continuous flow-through operation, HCNM-supported AuNPs achieved 71% of the maximum catalytic ability measured in batch. The rapid kinetics obtained with HCNM-supported AuNPs was in great contrast to the slow kinetics that one would expect for a rigid membrane of similar configuration. For a rigid membrane, water passing through microscopic pores was confined as laminar flow and thus would not mix well with catalysts affixed on pore walls. For HCNM, CNTs aligning pore walls were flexible so that they could move vigorously to create a chaotic mixing condition and promote AuNP-catalyzed PNP reduction.