gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular biomarkers in early stage lung cancer (2021)

Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening, together with the recent advances in targeted and immunotherapies, have shown to improve non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival. Furthermore, screening has increased the number of early stage-detected tumors, allowing for surgical resection and multimodality treatments when needed. The need for improved sensitivity and specificity of NSCLC screening has led to increased interest in combining clinical and radiological data with molecular data. The development of biomarkers is poised to refine inclusion criteria for LDCT screening programs. Biomarkers may also be useful to better characterize the risk of indeterminate nodules found in the course of screening or to refine prognosis and help in the management of screening detected tumors. The clinical implications of these biomarkers are still being investigated and whether or not biomarkers will be included in further decision-making algorithms in the context of screening and early lung cancer management still needs to be determined. However, it seems clear that there is much room for improvement even in early stage lung cancer disease-free survival (DFS) rates; thus, biomarkers may be the key to refine risk-stratification and treatment of these patients. Clinicians' capacity to register, integrate, and analyze all the available data in both high risk individuals and early stage NSCLC patients will lead to a better understanding of the disease's mechanisms, and will have a direct impact in diagnosis, treatment, and follow up of these patients. In this review, we aim to summarize all the available data regarding the role of biomarkers in LDCT screening and early stage NSCLC from a multidisciplinary perspective. We have highlighted clinical implications, the need to combine risk stratification, clinical data, radiomics, molecular information and artificial intelligence in order to improve clinical decision-making, especially regarding early diagnostics and adjuvant therapy. We also discuss current and future perspectives for biomarker implementation in routine clinical practice.
Potential central nervous system antitumor agents. Hydantoin derivatives (1975)

Hydantoin derivatives of varying lipophilic character were prepared as nitrogen mustard carriers for CNS antitumor evaluation. Activity was studied in the murine ependymoblastoma brain tumor system. Multiple cures were observed for three of the four analogs examined. The compounds were also active in the intraperitoneal leukemia L1210 and P388 systems as well as in B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma.
Highly stable carbon nanoparticles designed for downhole hydrocarbon detection (2012)

Sulfated polyvinyl alcohol functionalized carbon black, stable under high temperature and high salinity conditions, efficiently carries a hydrophobic compound through a variety of oil-field rock types and releases the compound when the rock contains hydrocarbons.
Selective Penicillamine Substitution Enables Development of a Potent Analgesic Peptide that Acts through a Non-Opioid-Based Mechanism (2021)

Venom-derived compounds are of broad interest in neuropharmacology and drug development. α-Conotoxins are small disulfide-containing peptides from <i>Conus</i> snails that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and are in clinical development for non-opioid-based treatment of intractable pain. Although refined by evolution for interaction with target prey receptors, enhancements of pharmacological properties are needed for use in mammalian systems. Therefore, we synthesized analogues of α-conotoxin RgIA using a combination of selective penicillamine substitutions together with natural and non-natural amino acid replacements. This approach resulted in a peptide with 9000-fold increased potency on the human α9α10 nAChR and improved resistance to disulfide shuffling compared to the native peptide. The lead analogue, RgIA-5474, potently blocked α9α10 nAChRs, but not opioid- or other pain-related targets. In addition, RgIA-5474 effectively reversed chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
New Elongase Gene And Production Of Δ9-polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Patent WO 2002/077213 A2) (2002)

The invention relates to a new elongase gene having the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or its derivatives, to a gene construct comprising this sequence or its derivatives and to its use. The inventive nucleic acid sequence encodes a polypeptide which elongates alpha -linolenic acid (C>18:3 d9, 12, 15<) by at least two carbon atoms whereas gamma -linolenic acid (C >18:3 d6, 9, 12<) is not elongated. The invention additionally relates to vectors or organisms comprising an elongase gene having the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or its derivatives. The invention further relates to a process for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (=PUFAs) with an organism which comprises the elongase gene and which organism produces high amounts of oils and especially oils with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally the invention relates to an oil and/or fatty acid composition with a higher content of polyunsaturated C>20< or C>22< fatty acids with at least two double bonds and/or to a triacylglycerol composition with a higher content of said polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Near-Common-Path Self-Reference Quantitative Phase Microscopy (2012)

We report a near-common-path self-reference quantitative phase microscope, wherein a quantitative phase image is formed through the off-axis interference of the sample wave with a 180-degree rotated version of itself. A pair of dove prisms, oriented in different directions, is used to effect the relative transformation between the beams. Our technique features a simple optical design that requires no maintenance, rendering it accessible to nonspecialists in the field of optics. Additionally, its variable magnification and low-noise phase measurement capabilities make it suitable for high-accuracy imaging of biological samples of different sizes.
Dementia among elderly apolipoprotein E type 4/4 homozygotes: A prospective study (1995)

The E*4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene on chromosome 19 has been shown to be an age- and dose-related risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Of 870 elderly women participating in an osteoporosis study, 13 were previously found to be homozygous for the APOE*4 allele; 1 was deceased and the rest were assessed for dementia in a "piggyback" study of dementia. One had moderate [clinical dementia rating (CDR = 2], 2 had mild dementia (CDR = 1), and 2 had possible dementia (CDR = 0.5). All 3 women over 80 years were definitely demented (CDR > or = 1). Typically, genetic studies of Alzheimer's and other dementias require the identification and diagnosis of large numbers of demented subjects, at considerable expense, followed by genotyping or phenotyping with a relatively low yield of individuals with rare alleles. We demonstrate a more cost-effective approach in which the population is first phenotyped and then stratified by phenotype, so that diagnostic evaluation can be restricted to individuals with the phenotype of interest.
Efficient Algorithms for Persistent Storage Allocation (2001)

Efficient disk storage is a crucial component formany applications. The commonly used method of storing data on disk using file systems or databases incurs significant overhead which can be a problem for applications which need to frequently access and update a large number of objects. This paper presents efficient algorithms for managing persistent storage which usually only require a single seek for allocations and deallocations and allow the state of the system to be fully recoverable in the event of a failure. Our system has been deployed for persistently storing data at the most accessed sport and event Web site hosted by IBM and results in considerable performance improvements over databases and file systems forWeb-related workloads.
Maximum likelihood channel estimation and signal detection for OFDM systems (2003)

We apply joint maximum likelihood (ML) estimation to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems and develop a simple receiver structure that gives joint ML estimates of a multipath channel and the transmitted data sequence. Simulation results have confirmed good performance of our algorithm. For a two-path or three-path slow fading channel, our algorithm converges to the case with known channel parameters.
Ultrashort-pulse second-harmonic generation with longitudinally nonuniform quasi-phase-matching gratings: pulse compression and shaping: errata (2001)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Imeshev, M. A. Arbore, M. M. Fejer, A. Galvanauskas, M. Fermann, and D. Harter, "Ultrashort-pulse second-harmonic generation with longitudinally nonuniform quasi-phase-matching gratings: pulse compression and shaping: errata," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 121-121 (2001) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Dense WDM-PON based on wavelength-locked Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diodes (2005)

We demonstrate a bidirectional 12-channel wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) with 50-GHz channel spacing based on wavelength-locked Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser diodes. The maximum transmission length is 30 km including 20 km of feeder fiber and 10 km of distribution fiber. The proposed WDM-PON system can accommodate 80 channels with erbium-doped fiber amplifier-based broad-band light sources. We also propose a few methods for the wavelength-independent operation of an optical network termination.
Toward a neuro-inspired creative decoder (2020)

Creativity, a process that generates novel and meaningful ideas, involves increased association between task-positive (control) and task-negative (default) networks in the human brain. Inspired by this seminal finding, in this study we propose a creative decoder within a deep generative framework, which involves direct modulation of the neuronal activation pattern after sampling from the learned latent space. The proposed approach is fully unsupervised and can be used off- the-shelf. Several novelty metrics and human evaluation were used to evaluate the creative capacity of the deep decoder. Our experiments on different image datasets (MNIST, FMNIST, MNIST+FMNIST, WikiArt and CelebA) reveal that atypical co-activation of highly activated and weakly activated neurons in a deep decoder promotes generation of novel and meaningful artifacts.
Flat-panel detector-based cone beam volume CT breast imaging: detector evaluation (2003)

Preliminary evaluation of large-area flat panel detectors (FPDs) indicates that FPDs have some potential advantages over film-screen and CCD-based imagers: compactness, high resolution, high frame rate, large dynamic range, small image lag (<1%), and excellent linearity (~1%). A real time large-area flat panel detector (FPD) Varian PaxScan 2520 was evaluated for cone-beam volume breast imaging (CBVCTBI) in terms of dynamic range, linearity, image lag, and spatial as well as low contrast resolution. In addition, specially made breast phantoms were imaged with our prototyped CBVCTBI system to provide real outcomes to evaluate the detector under full imaging system conditions including the x-ray source, gantry geometry, x-ray technique selection, data acquisition system and reconstruction algorithms. We have concentrated on the low kVp range (30 to 80 kVp) in the context of the breast-imaging task. For ~288 images/scan the exposure required was ~2.5mR/projection. This is equivalent to that of a conventional mammography screening exam. The results indicate that the FPD-based CBVCTBI system can achieve sufficient high- and low-contrast resolution for diagnostic CBVCT breast imaging with a clinically acceptable exposure level. The advantages of the new FPD make it a promising candidate for CBVCTBI.
Modelling the early strength of alkali-activated cement composites containing palm oil fuel ash (2017)

Palm oil fuel ash (Pofa) and polyvinyl alcohol fibres were used to make an alkali-activated cementitious composite mortar, which was then tested. Based on the test results, a support vector regression model was developed to estimate the effect of the alkaline activator/Pofa ratio on early compressive strength at different added water contents. The results from the model show that the mortar strength increased as the sodium silicate+sodium hydroxide/Pofa ratio increased up to an optimum, after which the strength declined considerably. The sodium hydroxide molarity and added water were also found to have a significant effect on strength. Excellent agreement was found between the model results and test results. The precision and accuracy of the developed model show its potential for reducing the challenges of acquiring experimental data.
Flyboost Power Factor Correction Cell and a New Family of Single-Stage AC/DC Converters (2005)

A novel power factor correction (PFC) cell, called flyboost, is presented. The proposed PFC cell combines power conversion characteristics of conventional flyback and boost converters. Based on the flyboost PFC cell, a new family of single-stage (S/sup 2/) ac/dc converters can be derived. Prominent features of newly derived S/sup 2/ converters include: three power conversions, i.e., boost, flyback, and another isolated dc/dc power conversions are simultaneously realized that typically uses only one power switch and one simple controller; part of the power delivered to the load is processed only once; bulk capacitor voltage can be clamped to the desired level; and capable of operating under continuous current mode. Experimental results on example converters verify that while still achieving high power factor and tight output regulation, the flyboost PFC cell substantially improve the efficiency of the converter.
Quantitative Correlations between Radiosensitivity Biomarkers Show That the ATM Protein Kinase Is Strongly Involved in the Radiotoxicities Observed after Radiotherapy (2022)

Tissue overreactions (OR), whether called adverse effects, radiotoxicity, or radiosensitivity reactions, may occur during or after anti-cancer radiotherapy (RT). They represent a medical, economic, and societal issue and raise the question of individual response to radiation. To predict and prevent them are among the major tasks of radiobiologists. To this aim, radiobiologists have developed a number of predictive assays involving different cellular models and endpoints. To date, while no consensus has been reached to consider one assay as the best predictor of the OR occurrence and severity, radiation oncologists have proposed consensual scales to quantify OR in six different grades of severity, whatever the organ/tissue concerned and their early/late features. This is notably the case with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Few radiobiological studies have used the CTCAE scale as a clinical endpoint to evaluate the statistical robustness of the molecular and cellular predictive assays in the largest range of human radiosensitivity. Here, by using 200 untransformed skin fibroblast cell lines derived from RT-treated cancer patients eliciting OR in the six CTCAE grades range, correlations between CTCAE grades and the major molecular and cellular endpoints proposed to predict OR (namely, cell survival at 2 Gy (SF2), yields of micronuclei, recognized and unrepaired DSBs assessed by immunofluorescence with γH2AX and pATM markers) were examined. To our knowledge, this was the first time that the major radiosensitivity endpoints were compared together with the same cohort and irradiation conditions. Both SF2 and the maximal number of pATM foci reached after 2 Gy appear to be the best predictors of the OR, whatever the CTCAE grades range. All these major radiosensitivity endpoints are mathematically linked in a single mechanistic model of individual response to radiation in which the ATM kinase plays a major role.
Lossless data embedding with file size preservation (2004)

In lossless watermarking, it is possible to completely remove the embedding distortion from the watermarked image and recover an exact copy of the original unwatermarked image. Lossless watermarks found applications in fragile authentication, integrity protection, and metadata embedding. It is especially important for medical and military images. Frequently, lossless embedding disproportionably increases the file size for image formats that contain lossless compression (RLE BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, etc...). This partially negates the advantage of embedding information as opposed to appending it. In this paper, we introduce lossless watermarking techniques that preserve the file size. The formats addressed are RLE encoded bitmaps and sequentially encoded JPEG images. The lossless embedding for the RLE BMP format is designed in such a manner to guarantee that the message extraction and original image reconstruction is insensitive to different RLE encoders, image palette reshuffling, as well as to removing or adding duplicate palette colors. The performance of both methods is demonstrated on test images by showing the capacity, distortion, and embedding rate. The proposed methods are the first examples of lossless embedding methods that preserve the file size for image formats that use lossless compression.
Spontaneous “Phase Separation” of Patterned Binary Alkanethiol Mixtures (2005)

This article describes novel phase-separation behavior by a binary mixture of alkanethiols when deposited onto a gold surface using micro- and nanodeposition tools, such as microcontact printing (muCP) and dip-pen nanolithography (DPN). This behavior is significantly different than that observed in the bulk. We demonstrate this behavior using three model compounds: 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA), 1-octadecanethiol (ODT), and CF3(CF2)11(CH2)2SH (PFT). The identity of the resulting segregated structure is confirmed by lateral force microscopy (LFM) and by selective metal-organic coordination chemistry. Importantly, this phenomenon can be exploited to print sub-100 nm wide alkanethiol lines via conventional muCP and to form sub-15 nm features using DPN, which is below the ultimate resolution of both these techniques. We also demonstrate that these nano-patterned materials can serve as templates for constructing more complex architectures.
High Throughput Block Coding in the HTJ2K Compression Standard (2019)

This paper describes the block coding algorithm that underpins the new High Throughput JPEG 2000 (HTJ2K) standard. The objective of HTJ2K is to overcome the computational complexity of the original block coding algorithm, by providing a drop-in replacement that preserves as much of the JPEG 2000 feature set as possible, while allowing reversible transcoding to/from the original format. We show how the new standard achieves these goals, with high coding efficiency, and extremely high throughput in software.
Diamond films by ion-assisted deposition at room temperature (1988)

Hard carbon films were prepared by ion beam sputter deposition. A graphite disk was used as a target. An electron-bombardment ion source emitted the argon ion beam whose energy and current were 1200 eV and 60 mA, respectively. The surface of a substrate was set in a direction which was almost parallel to the direction of the ion beam. The ion beam sputtered the carbon target and also affected the surface of the substrate. The substrate was kept at room temperature during the deposition. The deposited carbon film was so-called i carbon. Vicker’s hardness of the film, which was deposited on the Si substrate and 1.5 μm in thickness, was more than 3000 kg/mm2 for 10 g of load. When the ion beam contained hydrogen, diamond crystal particles of 0.1 to 1 μm in diameter were observed in an amorphous matrix. It was confirmed by electron diffraction analysis that the crystal particles had the cubic or hexagonal diamond structure. The ion bombardment gave shock-quenched conditions in a microscopic area. Sometimes it was observed that the particles exhibited well-defined morphology of the cubic diamond.
Measurement of reflective liquid crystal displays (2002)

Cell gap thickness is one of the most important design parameters for liquid crystal displays (LCD). Existing measurement methods only apply to transmittive LC cells. These methods are obviously unsuitable for measuring the cell gaps of reflective LCDs with internal reflectors. This kind of LCD includes single polarizer reflective displays and liquid crystal on silicon displays. The objective of this article is to introduce various reflective methods of LCD cell characterization that are both applicable to transmittive and reflective LCDs.
Controlled Atomic-like Spontaneous Emission from Implanted Erbium in a Si/SiO2 Microcavity (1993)

Since the advent of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers, a renewed interest has also emerged for the spontaneous emission from Fabry-Pérot microcavities. Changes in spontaneous emission characteristics in a 1D microcavity were predicted long ago, 1 but have been demonstrated only recently in the optical domain for solid-state, e.g. semiconductor, structures where changes in spectral purity, lifetime, and emission intensity were observed. 2 However, the interpretation of these effects is somewhat obscure, because these structures are highly absorbing and often involve band-to-band, rather than atomic, transitions. In the present study, we use optically transparent Si/SiO 2 cavities, consisting of two coplanar Si/SiO 2 distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) around a (λ/2) SiO 2 active region, which was doped with ~0.2 at.% Er 3+ ions through MeV ion implantation. The Er 3+ ions in SiO 2 exhibit a sharp, atomic-like, intra-4 f transition around λ em =1.54 μm, which is effectively shielded by the outerlying filled 5 s 2 and 5 p 6 shells. Recently, we reported on the considerable enhancement of the spontaneous emission intensity out of such an Er-doped microcavity. 3 In this paper, we present a more detailed study of the modified spontaneous emission, including fluorescence decay measurements to study the effect of the cavity on the spontaneous emission rate.
Feasibility study on concurrent optoacoustic tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (2021)

Optoacoustic tomography (OAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are both endorsed with powerful imaging capabilities. Yet, their seamless integration into a hybrid system may additionally offer highly synergistic and complementary information for concurrent anatomical and functional imaging of living organisms. Herein, we investigate on the possibility of concurrent OAT-MRI image acquisition and provide experimental validation in phantom studies. Simultaneous recording was enabled by designing an MR-compatible copper-shielded spherical ultrasound array that provided real-time volumetric OAT imaging and could be safely introduced into a high-field 9.4 T MRI scanner. The interference between the two modalities was evaluated under commonly employed FLASH and EPI sequences. Phantom experiments revealed that the OAT probe caused minimal distortion in the MRI images, while synchronization of the laser and the MRI pulse sequences enabled defining artifact-free OAT acquisition windows. Good dynamic OAT contrast from superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, a widely used agent for MRI contrast enhancement, was also observed. The hybrid OAT-MRI system thus provides an excellent platform for cross-validating functional readings of both modalities. Overall, this initial study serves to establish the technical feasibility of developing hybrid OAT-MRI system for biomedical research.