gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Chip to Cooling Tower Data Center Modeling: Influence of Server Inlet Temperature and Temperature Rise Across Cabinet (2011)

To achieve reductions in the power consumption of the data center cooling infrastructure, the current strategy in data center design is to increase the inlet temperature to the rack, while the current strategy for energy-efficient system thermal design is to allow increased temperature rise across the rack. Either strategy, or a combination of both, intuitively provides enhancements in the coefficient of performance of the data center in terms of computing energy usage relative to cooling energy consumption. However, this strategy is currently more of an empirically based approach from practical experience, rather than a result of a good understanding of how the impact of varying temperatures and flow rates at rack level influences each component in the chain from the chip level to the cooling tower. The aim of this paper is to provide a model to represent the physics of this strategy by developing a modeling tool that represents the heat flow from the rack level to the cooling tower for an air cooled data center with chillers. This model presents the performance of a complete data center cooling system infrastructure. After detailing the model, two parametric studies are presented that illustrate the influence of increasing rack inlet air temperature, and temperature rise across the rack, on different components in the data center cooling architecture. By considering the total data center, and each component’s influence on the greater infrastructure, it is possible to identify the components that contribute most to the resulting inefficiencies in the heat flow from chip to cooling tower and thereby identify the components in need of possible redesign. For the data center model considered here it is shown that the strategy of increasing temperature rise across the rack may be a better strategy than increasing inlet temperature to the rack.
Integrated All-Optical Infrared Switchable Plasmonic Quantum Cascade Laser (2012)

We report a type of infrared switchable plasmonic quantum cascade laser, in which far field light in the midwave infrared (MWIR, 6.1 μm) is modulated by a near field interaction of light in the telecommunications wavelength (1.55 μm). To achieve this all-optical switch, we used cross-polarized bowtie antennas and a centrally located germanium nanoslab. The bowtie antenna squeezes the short wavelength light into the gap region, where the germanium is placed. The perturbation of refractive index of the germanium due to the free carrier absorption produced by short wavelength light changes the optical response of the antenna and the entire laser intensity at 6.1 μm significantly. This device shows a viable method to modulate the far field of a laser through a near field interaction.
Order statistics in goodness-of-fit testing (2001)

Our new method uses order statistics to judge the fit of a distribution to data. A test-statistic based on quantiles of order-statistics compares favorably with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) and Anderson-Darling (A-D) test statistics. The performance of this new goodness-of-fit test statistic is examined with simulation experiments. For certain hypothesis tests, the test statistic is more powerful than the K-S and A-D test statistics. The new test statistic is calculated using a computer algebra system because of the need to compute exact distributions of order statistics.
社会戏与阿Q话语的构建——《阿Q正传》的阅读方法及互文性研究 (2013)

20世纪的中国文学,没有哪个作家或作品能与鲁迅和他的《阿Q正传》（1922;下称《正传》）一比高低。《正传》作为20世纪中国文学偶像作家的力作,其引发的汉语评论可谓卷帙浩繁。不仅如此,阿Q还拥有一大批互文性作品,如1920至1990年代改编的近20部戏剧和影视作品,以及1950至1994年出版的好几部不太出名的派生小说,这些作品构成了阿Q在文学上的＂嫡传子孙＂
Up-regulation of Toll-like Receptor 9 in Osteosarcoma. (2015)

TLR9 is up-regulated in the majority of osteosarcomas, which appears to play an important role in osteosarcoma development and progression. Therefore, TLR9 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for human osteosarcoma therapy.
Hypermotifs: Novel Discriminatory Patterns for Nucleotide Sequences and their Application to Core Promoter Prediction in Eukaryotes (2005)

We approach the general problem of finding a model that discriminates between classes of nucleotide sequences. In this area, a common approach is to train a model, such as a neural network, or a hidden Markov model, to perform the discrimination, using as inputs either the raw sequences encoded in a standard form, or features derived from the raw data in a pre-processing stage. In this paper a novel discriminatory pattern structure for nucleotide sequences is introduced, called a hypermotif, and evolutionary computation is used to evolve a collection of specific hypermotifs which discriminate between classes in the data. The raw nucleotide data are then processed, transforming it into feature vectors, where the features are the individual scores on the evolved hypermotifs. Using this transformation, any classification method may then be used to build an accurate predictive model. The approach is tested on a database of eukaryotic promoters, and find that this method enables us to outperform a standard multilayer perceptron (despite using a linear discriminant as the final classifier), and provides similar performance to the best approach so far for these data (which uses a time delay neural network)
Can N-acetyl-L-cysteine affect zinc metabolism when used as a paracetamol antidote? (1992)

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) has long been used in the treatment of chronic lung diseases. Inhalation and oral administration of the drug are both effective in reducing mucus viscosity. In addition, NAC oral therapy allows to restore normal mucoprotein secretion in the long term. Although displaying heavy metal-complexing potential, NAC exerts no detectable influence on the metabolism of essential trace metals when used in the above context (i.e. at doses near 600 mg day-1). However, this may no longer be the case when NAC is used as an oxygen radical scavenger, like in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning. In the latter case, intravenous doses as high as 20 g day-1 are administered, which may induce excessive zinc urinary excretion. In order to allow a better appreciation of the risk of zinc depletion during NAC therapy, the present work addresses the role of this drug towards zinc metabolism at the molecular level. First, formation constants for zinc-NAC complexes have been determined under physiological conditions. Then, computer simulations for blood plasma and gastrointestinal fluid have been run to assess the influence of NAC and its metabolites (e.g. cysteine and glutathione) on zinc excretion and absorption. Blood plasma simulations reveal that NAC can effectively mobilise an important fraction of zinc into urinary excretable complexes as from concentrations of 10(-3) mol dm-3 (which corresponds to a dose of about 800 mg). This effect can still be enhanced by the action of NAC metabolites, among which cysteine is the most powerful zinc sequestering agent. In contrast, simulations relative to gastrointestinal conditions suggest that NAC should tend to increase zinc absorption, regardless of its dose.
Synthesis of a gene for human growth hormone and its expression in Escherichia coli. (1984)

A gene coding for human growth hormone, which consists of 192 amino acids, was chemically synthesized. The synthesis entailed ligating 78 deoxyribooligonucleotides, which had been synthesized on polymer supports by the phosphotriester method with frequently occurring amino acid codons of Escherichia coli. The chemically synthesized gene was inserted into an E. coli plasmid downstream from the E. coli trp promoter, with a modified ribosome-binding region carried on pBR322. E. coli cells transformed with this recombinant plasmid synthesized 2.9 X 10(6) molecules per cell of human growth hormone upon induction. The induced polypeptide was identical with natural human growth hormone in size and in immunological properties, as well as in biological activity as examined by the tibial test with hypophysectomized rats.
VLSI architecture and implementation of a high-speed entropy decoder (1991)

An improved variable-length decoder (VLD) architecture which can achieve higher throughput in decoding variable-length codes compared to previously reported VLD architectures is presented. An experimental research prototype VLSI implementation of an entropy decoder which includes the VLD and run-length decoder is also discussed. The chip will be fabricated using a 1- mu m double-metal CMOS technology. It is to be used in an experimental prototype high definition television codec with a sample rate of 52 MHz. The chip contains about 46000 transistors in a die size of about 5 mm*5 mm. At 52 MHz, the VLD handles a worst-case input rate of 832 Mb/s and a constant output rate of 416 Mb/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Central nervous system (CNS)–resident natural killer cells suppress Th17 responses and CNS autoimmune pathology (2010)

Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system can profoundly impact the development of adaptive immune responses. Inflammatory and autoimmune responses in anatomical locations such as the central nervous system (CNS) differ substantially from those found in peripheral organs. We show in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis that NK cell enrichment results in disease amelioration, whereas selective blockade of NK cell homing to the CNS results in disease exacerbation. Importantly, the effects of NK cells on CNS pathology were dependent on the activity of CNS-resident, but not peripheral, NK cells. This activity of CNS-resident NK cells involved interactions with microglia and suppression of myelin-reactive Th17 cells. Our studies suggest an organ-specific activity of NK cells on the magnitude of CNS inflammation, providing potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Electro-optic effects of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films prepared by rf planar magnetron sputtering (1983)

Epitaxial (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3 thin films were grown successfully on (0001) sapphire substrates at below 600 °C. High quadratic electro-optic coefficient of 0.8×10−16 (m/V)2 was also obtained at 6328 Å. The rf planar magnetron sputtering process improved the quality of the film, which will be suitable for thin-film integrated optic devices.
Effect of Enzyme Concentration and Storage Temperature on the Formation of Slowly Digestible Starch from Cooked Debranched Rice Starch (2001)

Non-waxy and waxy starch suspensions were debranched with pullulanase followed by heating and cooling to form products with a mixture of rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS) and resistant starches (RS). Products with a range of digestibility were formed by controlling the enzyme concentration (2 and 10 g of pullulanase per 100 g of starch), time of hydrolysis (2 to 24 h) and cooling temperature (1, 15, and 30 °C). Higher enzyme concentration and less time for debranching resulted in maximum formation of SDS while longer times increased RS. RDS decreased with increasing SDS and RS. Holding at 1 °C produced a product with highest proportion of SDS. Holding at 15 °C produced a starch that is relatively more resistant to digestion. Holding at 30 °C produced the smallest amount of SDS but the same amount of RS as with samples cooled at 1 °C. The most SDS was produced by debranching waxy starch with 10 g of pullulanase per 100 g of starch for 4 h and subsequent storage at 1 °C.Therefore, waxy starches would be more suitable to make SDS.
Skewed checkpointing for tolerating multi-node failures (2004)

Large cluster systems have become widely utilized because they achieve a good performance/cost ratio especially in high performance computing. Although these cluster systems are distributed memory systems, coordinated checkpointing is a promising way to maintain high availability because the computing nodes are tightly connected to one another. However, as the number of computing nodes gets larger, the probability of multi-node failures increases. To tolerate multi-node failures, a large degree of redundancy is required in checkpointing, but this leads to performance degradation. Thus, we propose a new coordinated checkpointing called skewed checkpointing. In this method, checkpointing is skewed every time. Although each checkpointing itself contains only one degree of redundancy, this skewed checkpointing ensures /spl lfloor/log/sub 2/N/spl rfloor/ degrees of redundancy when the number of nodes is N. In this paper, we present the proposed method and an analysis of the performance overhead. Then, this method is applied to a cluster system and compared with other conventional checkpointing schemes. The results reveal the superiority of our method, especially for large cluster systems.
Cometary implications of recent laboratory experiments on the photochemistry of the C2H and C3H2 radicals (1992)

Recent laboratory results on the photodissociation of the C2H and C3H2 radicals are described. These studies show that the C2 and C3 radicals are produced by the 193 nm photolysis of the C2H and C3H2 radicals, respectively. The quantum state distributions that were determined for the C2 radicals put certain constraints on the initial conditions for any models of the observed C2 cometary spectra. Experimental observations of C2 formed by the 212.8 nm photolysis of C2H are used to calculate a range of photochemical lifetimes for the C2H radical.
The 'Real' Alice (2006)

I am walking through the car park of a hotel in Alice Springs, dressed as Xena, warrior princess, heading to my work Christmas party. It's fancy dress, and the theme is favourite popular film, television and music personalities. I was going to be my usual, unclubbable self and not come as anything, but then Yasmin, a rather winning ex-Bondi surfer chick whom I sometimes see for massages, told me she had a bag full of old dress-ups, that the fur-and-leather Xena costume might fit me.
Bone marrow stromal cells mediate androgenic suppression of B lymphocyte development (2001)

Castration of normal male mice induces expansion of the bone marrow B cell population, an effect that can be reversed by androgen replacement. We employed in vitro cultures and two in vivo models to investigate whether androgens exert these effects directly on marrow lymphoid precursors or whether actions on marrow stromal elements are required. Immature B cells from normal mouse bone marrow were not responsive to the suppressive effect of androgens unless they were cocultured with marrow stromal cells or with supernatants from androgen-treated stromal cells, suggesting that the androgen effects are exerted through marrow stromal elements by production of a diffusible mediator. Further experiments revealed that bone marrow stromal cells produced TGF-β in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and neutralization of TGF-β in the DHT-treated stromal cells reversed the suppressive effects. The stromal cell requirement for androgen-mediated effects was confirmed in vivo by experiments using chimeric animals created by bone marrow transplantation in which androgen receptor expression was restricted to either the stromal or lymphoid cells of the bone marrow. Androgens only affected B cell development in chimeric mice with androgen-sensitive stromal cells. These experiments suggest that effects of androgens on developing B cells are mediated through androgen receptors in bone marrow stromal cells. TGF-β is a candidate mediator for these hormonal effects.
Analysis of distortion in pulse modulation converters for switching radio frequency power amplifiers (2010)

High-efficiency linear radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers are needed for today's wireless communication systems. Switch mode techniques have the potential for high efficiency but require a pulse drive signal. The generation of pulse width modulated signals and pulse position modulated signals by sigma delta modulators can introduce unwanted spectral components. Third order and image components are the dominant distortions generated in the pulse position modulation circuit. The authors identify the cause of distortion and mathematically quantify its amplitude and frequency. In a single carrier environment, an increase in offset frequency increases the unwanted spectral components. Calculations, simulations and measurements show that offsets less than 1% of the carrier frequency are required to keep unwanted components 40 dB below the signal level. Simulations and measurements show that the effect on a multi-channel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is less detrimental. Nonetheless, unacceptable noise increases of up to 20 dB are observed in odd harmonic channels when the transmission is not centred on the nominal carrier frequency.
Purification and characterization of adult diarrhea rotavirus: identification of viral structural proteins (1989)

Adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) is a newly identified strain of noncultivable human group B rotavirus that has been epidemic in the People's Republic of China since 1982. We have used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western (immuno-) blot analysis to examine the viral proteins present in the outer and inner capsids of ADRV and compared these with the proteins of a group A rotavirus, SA11. EDTA treatment of double-shelled virions removed the outer capsid and resulted in the loss of three polypeptides of 64, 61, and 41, kilodaltons (kDa). Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H digestion of double-shelled virions identified the 41-kDa polypeptide as a glycoprotein. CaCl2 treatment of single-shelled particles removed the inner capsid and resulted in the loss of one polypeptide with a molecular mass of 47 kDa. The remaining core particle had two major structural proteins of 136 and 113 kDa. All of the proteins visualized on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were antigenic by Western blot analysis when probed with convalescent-phase human and animal antisera. A 47-kDa polypeptide was most abundant and was strongly immunoreactive with human sera, animal sera raised against ADRV and against other group B animal rotaviruses (infectious diarrhea of infant rat virus, bovine and porcine group B rotavirus, and bovine enteric syncytial virus) and a monoclonal antibody prepared against infectious diarrhea of infant rat virus. This 47-kDa inner capsid polypeptide contains a common group B antigen and is similar to the VP6 of the group A rotaviruses. Human convalescent-phase sera also responded to a 41-kDa polypeptide of the outer capsid that seems similar to the VP7 of group A rotavirus. Other polypeptides have been given tentative designations on the basis of similarities to the control preparation of SA11, including a 136-kDa polypeptide designated VP1, a 113-kDa polypeptide designated VP2, 64- and 61-kDa polypeptides designated VP5 and VP5a, and several proteins in the 110- to 72-kDa range that may be VP3, VP4, or related proteins. The lack of cross-reactivity on Western blots between antisera to group A versus group B rotaviruses confirmed that these viruses are antigenically quite distinct.
Evaluating different classes of porous materials for carbon capture (2014)

We screen a wide selection of nano-porous materials with respect to CO<sub>2</sub> capture from flue gas by employing the metric of parasitic energy designed to comprise the entire CCS process.
Epidemiologic study on survival of chronic myeloid leukemia and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with BCR-ABL T315I mutation (2009)

The BCR-ABL T315I mutation represents a major mechanism of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The objectives of this retrospective observational study were to estimate overall and progression-free survival for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic-phase (CP), accelerated-phase (AP), or blastic-phase (BP) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph)(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with T315I mutation. Medical records of 222 patients from 9 countries were reviewed; data were analyzed using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazard models. Median age at T315I mutation detection was 54 years; 57% cases were men. Median time between TKI treatment initiation and T315I mutation detection was 29.2, 15.4, 5.8, and 9.1 months, respectively, for CP, AP, BP, and Ph(+) ALL patients. After T315I mutation detection, second-generation TKIs were used in 56% of cases, hydroxyurea in 39%, imatinib in 35%, cytarabine in 26%, MK-0457 in 11%, stem cell transplantation in 17%, and interferon-alpha in 6% of cases. Median overall survival from T315I mutation detection was 22.4, 28.4, 4.0, and 4.9 months, and median progression-free survival was 11.5, 22.2, 1.8, and 2.5 months, respectively, for CP, AP, BP, and Ph(+) ALL patients. These results confirm that survival of patients harboring a T315I mutation is dependent on disease phase at the time of mutation detection.
Polyphenolic compounds of plums (Prunus domestica). (2000)

The total polyphenols content in investigated plums, as well as anthocyanins and flavanols, was rather low (160-300 mg/100 g, 1833 mg/100 g and 914 mg/100 g of fruits, respectively). (+) Catechin occurring in quantities from 1.3 to 3.9 mg/100 g was found to be a dominant compound representing biologically active monomers and dimers of flavanols. The highest quantities of hydroxycinnamic acids, especially neochlorogenic one, (46-85 mg/100 g) are found in all plum varieties. The main anthocyanin pigments of plums are cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidine-3--rutinoside; they make up 42 to 62% of the total anthocyanins. All investigated plum varieties show high polyphenoloxidase activity but there are substantial differences between particular varieties ranging from 3200 to 17200 U/g.
Maximizing lifetime of multiple data aggregation trees in wireless sensor networks (2016)

Sensor data aggregation trees in a wireless sensor network (WSN) are used to gather data from an area that the WSN covers. In this paper, a hierarchical sensor network routing is proposed in which a base station (BS) cooperates with its underlying multiple cluster heads (CHs) to determine the best routes in each tree-cluster. A routing metric proposed in this paper represents the rate of energy increase on a tree when a new sensor is connected to the tree, and the BS can always select the smallest metric route among all the trees; thus, the architecture can reduce the energy consumption of the trees and extend their lifetime significantly. In addition, the proposed routing sets a backup route for each primary route on a tree by choosing the second smallest metric route after the primary route. Therefore, the lifetime of aggregation trees even after some percentage of sensors die is longer compared with other routings.