gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annular Casing Seal Test Method (2018)

Abstract A method and apparatus to test the annular seal of a casing string placed in a wellbore is presented. This method and apparatus, called the Annular Casing Seal Test (ACST), successfully measures the annular casing seal in the wellbore using a positive pressure test. Results presented document the experimental studies using prototypes under a variety of cemented casing conditions to determine the ability to detect effective and poorly cemented casing annular seals. When the interior of the tool is drilled out, an array of encapsulated bores is exposed, allowing pressure and flow communication between the interior and the annulus of the casing. Prototypes tested in experimental wellbores confirm the ability of the technology to detect casing annular conditions. A well-cemented casing annulus is easily detected, since the test pressure only encounters the annular cemented across the full circumference of casing. A poorly cemented annulus is similarly detected because pressure escapes the ports into the void in the cemented annulus. An important application of this method allows the annular seal at the surface casing shoe to be inexpensively and quickly tested, providing positive confirmation of the protection of the aquifer. This test is an improvement over the casing shoe test, which is in reality, a measure of formation strength and has demonstrated short comings in detecting poor cement jobs near the casing shoe in a variety of applications. This method is also an improvement over cement bond logs (CBLs), which are more expensive, time consuming, and do not provide a positive test of hydraulic isolation.
Method of Motion Estimation for Image Stabilization (2006)

In this paper we introduce a novel approach to global motion estimation for image stabilization application. The method is robust to image degradations characteristic to image stabilization, e.g. image blur caused by motion or out of focus. In addition, due to its low computational complexity, the proposed method could be included in a real-time digital image stabilization system. The ability of the proposed registration approach to capture the global motion of the camera in the presence of image degradations and outliers, have been evaluated through a large number of experiments. The results reveal that, in spite of its lower computational complexity, the proposed method achieves sub-pixel motion estimation accuracy, close to the performance achieved by the state of the art approaches to image registration
A novel β(1,6)‐<i>N</i>‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT‐VB)<sup>1</sup> (2003)

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:alpha(1,6)-D-mannoside beta(1,6)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT-V, Mgat5) functions in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycans and is transcriptionally upregulated by oncogene signaling. We report here the cloning and characterization of a human cDNA encoding a distinct enzyme with related substrate specificity, termed GnT-VB, which is predicted to have 53% similarity to the original amino acid sequence of GnT-V(A). Transient expression of GnT-VB cDNA in COS7 cells yielded significant increases of activity toward GnT-VA acceptors, including synthetic saccharides and N-linked glycopeptides, with some differences in specificity. Unlike GnT-VA, GnT-VB required divalent cation for full activity. EST databases showed expression of a 6 bp (+) splice isoform of GnT-VB; when expressed, this enzyme showed significantly reduced activity. CHO Lec4 cells, which do not express GnT-VA or B activity, lack synthesis of the N-linked beta(1,6) branch, and do not bind L-phytohemagglutinin (L-PHA), were transfected with GnT-VB or GnT-VA; both then bound significant amounts of L-PHA, demonstrating that both enzymes synthesized N-linked beta(1,6) branched glycans in vivo. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that GnT-VB mRNA was highly expressed in brain and testis, with lesser levels in other tissues, while human GnT-VA showed a more general expression, but with low levels in brain and no expression in skeletal muscle.
An automated algorithm for determining respiratory rate by photoplethysmogram in children (2006)

Our automated algorithm allows the accurate determination of respiratory rate from photoplethysmograms of a heterogeneous group of children. We believe that our automated wavelet-based signal-processing techniques could soon be easily incorporated into current pulse oximetry technology.
Abstract 506: A bespoke screening platform to study mono(ADP-ribosylation) (2020)

Abstract Mono(ADP-ribosylation) (MARylation) and poly(ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) are post-translational modifications deposited on multiple amino acids by PARP enzymes using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as the ADP-ribose donating substrate. While there are approved drugs and clinical trials on-going for inhibitors of the polyPARP enzymes that deposit poly(ADP-ribose) (specifically PARP1 and PARP2 inhibitors), monoPARP enzymes that deposit mono(ADP-ribose) are only recently gaining recognition for their role in cellular stress signaling, inflammation and cancer. However, there is a lack of chemical probes to study their function in cells and in vivo. An important first step to generating chemical probes for monoPARPs is to develop screening assays to enable determination of potency and selectivity of inhibitors during the hit finding and lead optimization phases. The development of enzyme assays is complicated by the fact that the substrates for the majority of the monoPARPs are unknown, and even for those with identified substrates, it is uncertain how they engage their substrates. Here we describe the development of robust high-throughput biochemical and cellular monoPARP assays that overcome the lack of knowledge around the substrates and construction of a family-wide screening panel. We highlight derivatized microplates that activate the enzymes to self-MARylate in dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluorescence assays (DELFIA), antibodies that recognize MARylation in in-cell western (ICW) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays, and NAD+-competitive molecular probes that are used to develop in vitro time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and cellular NanoLuc bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (NanoBRET) probe displacement assays. Additionally, we employ several methods to characterize inhibitor binding kinetics. These assays have been used in high-throughput screening campaigns of up to 500,000 compounds, as well as in the development of potent and selective inhibitors of multiple monoPARP enzymes including RBN012759, a tool compound for PARP14 that inhibits in vitro with an IC50 of 3 nM and in cells using with an IC50 of 9 nM, and is 300-fold selective over all other PARP enzymes. Citation Format: Tim J. Wigle, Danielle J. Blackwell, Laurie B. Schenkel, Yue Ren, William D. Church, Hetvi J. Desai, Kerren K. Swinger, Andrew G. Santospago, Christina R. Majer, Alvin Z. Lu, Mario Niepel, Nicholas R. Perl, Melissa M. Vasbinder, Heike Keilhack, Kevin W. Kuntz. A bespoke screening platform to study mono(ADP-ribosylation) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 506.
A Microfluidic System for Biological Particle Enrichment Using Contactless Dielectrophoresis (2010)

A microfluidic system for the enrichment of biological particles, operating on the principle of dielectrophoresis (DEP), is presented. Through the use of a unique manifestation of DEP, contactless DEP (cDEP), this system illustrates the potential to sidestep the common trade-off between sample throughput and selectivity without the need of a complicated fabrication process. The ability to concentrate particles from a sample fluid is validated experimentally through the concentration of 2-μm polystyrene beads and live THP-1 human leukemia cells from a heterogeneous media solution. Finite element analysis of the electric field within the microfluidic channel of the device allows for the determination of effective experimental parameters and accurate predictions of a particle's trajectory through the device. The concentration of particles combined with a fabrication procedure conducive to mass production makes cDEP an attractive alternative to current sample enrichment technologies.
Preliminary Observations with an Electromagnetic Method for the Noninvasive Analysis of Cell Suspension Physiology and Induced Pathophysiology (1978)

A technique for the electromagnetic analysis of physiological and patho-physiological states in cell suspensions is presented. The technique is based upon high speed automatic network analysis in the HF band for measurement of complex permittivity. The results demonstrate that changes in HF-band permittivity dispersion may be related to physiological and drug-induced patho-physiological states of the cell membrane. Mechanical disruption of the cell membrane by sonication obliterates the HF-band dispersion of permittivity that is present in undisrupted cells. The effect of species, suspending medium, and temperature were systematically analyzed in erythrocyte suspension in order to aid comparison between published studies of red cell preparations.
CO2-Philic Thin Film Composite Membranes: Synthesis and Characterization of PAN-r-PEGMA Copolymer (2017)

In this work, we report the successful fabrication of CO₂-philic polymer composite membranes using a polyacrylonitrile-<i>r</i>-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PAN-<i>r</i>-PEGMA) copolymer. The series of PAN-<i>r</i>-PEGMA copolymers with various amounts of PEG content was synthesized by free radical polymerization in presence of AIBN initiator and the obtained copolymers were used for the fabrication of composite membranes. The synthesized copolymers show high molecular weights in the range of 44⁻56 kDa. We were able to fabricate thin film composite (TFC) membranes by dip coating procedure using PAN-<i>r</i>-PEGMA copolymers and the porous PAN support membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied to analyze the surface morphology of the composite membranes. The microscopy analysis reveals the formation of the defect free skin selective layer of PAN-<i>r</i>-PEGMA copolymer over the porous PAN support membrane. Selective layer thickness of the composite membranes was in the range of 1.32⁻1.42 μm. The resulting composite membrane has CO₂ a permeance of 1.37 × 10<sup>-1</sup> m³/m²·h·bar and an ideal CO₂/N₂, selectivity of 65. The TFC membranes showed increasing ideal gas pair selectivities in the order CO₂/N₂ > CO₂/CH₄ > CO₂/H₂. In addition, the fabricated composite membranes were tested for long-term single gas permeation measurement and these membranes have remarkable stability, proving that they are good candidates for CO₂ separation.
Sound Source Localization and Separation (2015)

This article presents common methods for sound source localization and separation, and their applications to robots. Sound source localization is an estimate of the location or direction of a sound source, whereas sound source separation extracts each sound source from a mixture of sound sources. Two approaches are possible for both technologies: binaural and microphone array processing. Sound source localization and separation have been widely studied in the fields of psychoacoustics, signal processing, and robotics. In binaural research, the human auditory capability is explored to solve both localization and separation problems. However, this approach is limited in terms of performance. Thus, microphone array processing is also being investigated as a primary topic in signal processing. Since robots are among the most promising applications of sound source localization and separation, robot audition is introduced and real‐time methods (such as the software platform for robot audition called Honda Research Institute Japan Audition for Robot with Kyoto University (HARK)) to deal with real‐world problems are explained.
Fire‐ and heat‐resistant polymer based on maleimido‐substituted 2,2‐bis(anilino)‐4,4,6,6‐tetrakis‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐cyclotriphosphazene (1984)

Abstract A fire‐ and heat‐resistant polymer was obtained by the thermal polymerization of bismaleimido‐substituted 2,2‐bis(anilino)‐4,4,6,6‐tetrakis‐(4‐Aminophenoxy)‐cyclotriphosphazene. The thermal stabilities of the polymer were evaluated in nitrogen and in air by thermogravimetric analysis. This polymer was stable to 345°C and had char yields of 78% at 800°C in nitrogen and of 71% at 700°C in air. The structures of cyclotriphosphazene precursors and the polymer were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Smart Coatings (2007)

A novel antibacterial coating for cotton fabrics has been developed using core-shell particles that consist of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) cores and chitosan shells. The spherical particles were prepared via a surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate in an aqueous chitosan solution. The particles had a narrow particle size distribution with average diameter of approximately 300 nm, and displayed highly positive surface charges. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images clearly showed well-defined coreshell morphology with P B A cores and chitosan shells. Cotton fabric was coated with PBA-Chitosan particles through a conventional pad-dry-cure process without using any chemical binders. Fabric antibacterial efficiency was evaluated quantitatively against Staphylococcus aureus by using the shake-flask method. The results showed that particle-coated fabric had an excellent antibacterial property with bacterial reduction more than 99 %. The durability of the antibacterial property was maintained above 90 % bacterial reduction even after 50 times of home laundering. Effects of particles coating on fabric hand, air permeability, break tensile strength and elongation, as well as fabric surface morphology, were investigated.
Simultaneous Imaging of Small Metabolites and Lipids in Rat Brain Tissues at Atmospheric Pressure by Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Atmospheric pressure imaging mass spectrometry is a rapidly expanding field that offers advantages in the ability to study biological systems in their native condition, simplified sample preparation, and high-throughput experiments. In laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI), the native water molecules in biological tissues facilitate sampling by a focused mid-infrared laser beam. The ionization of the ablated material is accomplished by electrospray postionization. In this work, we demonstrate that the imaging variant of LAESI simultaneously provides lateral distributions for small metabolites and lipids directly in rat brain sections. To cope with the fragile nature and potential dehydration of the brain tissue due to drying in the ambient environment as well as to minimize analyte redistribution, a Peltier cooling stage is integrated into the LAESI imaging system. We demonstrate the utility of high-resolution (m/Deltam > 6000) time-of-flight mass spectrometry with LAESI to deconvolute spatial distributions of different chemical species with identical nominal mass. To help with the evaluation of the massive data sets, Pearson colocalization maps are calculated for selected small metabolites and lipids. We show that this approach reveals biologically meaningful correlations between these two classes of biomolecules.
Predictive control for direct metal deposition (2007)

Direct metal deposition plays an important role in rapid manufacturing industry to fabricate geometrically complicated, dense, near-net-shape components. A large number of parameters are involved in the deposition process. Its present development stagnates in its control. A good understanding of the laser material processing and a well designed controlling system are essential for the system reliability. This paper addresses the development of a linear model based generalized predictive control system for direct metal deposition. The molten pool temperature during the direct metal deposition process was monitored by a two-colour pyrometer. A single-input single-output linear system that describes the dynamics between the molten pool temperature and the laser power was considered. The incremental generalized predictive control algorithm with Kalman filter estimation was used to control the molten pool temperature. The performance of the controller was compared with the on-off controller.
Secretion of N-terminal fragment of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. (1988)

To elucidate the posttranslational processing of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (human atrial natriuretic factor-[1-126]), which is a prohormone of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (human atrial natriuretic factor-[99-126]), and the secretion of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-derived peptides from the heart, we established a radioimmunoassay specific for the N-terminal sequence of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide, gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25), as well as a radioimmunoassay for alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide. With the aid of the radioimmunoassays for gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25) and for alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide, we detected 290 +/- 35.6 pg/ml of gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25)-like immunoreactivity in plasma from healthy humans, while the simultaneously determined plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity level was 20.9 +/- 2.8 pg/ml. Correlation between the two values was significant. High performance gel permeation chromatographic analysis revealed that the plasma gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25)-like immunoreactivity was composed of a component (molecular weight, 10,000) without alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity, while the plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity was composed of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide with a molecular weight of 3000. In patients with heart diseases, the plasma gamma-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-(1-25)-like immunoreactivity level showed a concomitant and graded increase, with the plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity level in agreement with the severity of the disease. There were significant positive correlations between the two immunoreactivity levels and right or left atrial pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Joint Reduction of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, Cubic Metric, and Block Error Rate in OFDM Systems Using Network Coding (2011)

The reductions of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and block error rate (BLER) are two challenges in wireless systems employing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)/orthogonal frequency-division multiple access. High BLER renders the system unreliable, and high PAPR is associated with power inefficiency and nonlinearity of the system. These two issues have separately been studied in the literature, but few works have studied simultaneous reductions of PAPR and BLER. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to jointly reduce and tradeoff PAPR and BLER in OFDM systems using random network coding (NC). In our proposed scheme, different representations of the input information block are generated using a special form of NC matrices, for which we prove it achieves the minimum BLER. We then propose an additional step to our proposed scheme to tradeoff a further improvement in PAPR against degradation in BLER using encoded block puncturing. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves the same PAPR as conventional selective mapping (C-SLM) schemes while achieving the minimum BLER. We also show through simulations the PAPR gains achieved by our proposed additional step over C-SLM and the tradeoff of this gain against BLER degradation. Simulations finally show that our proposed scheme achieves the same results for the recently developed cubic metric.
A high affinity recombinant antibody to the human EphA3 receptor with enhanced ADCC activity (2014)

EphA3 is expressed in solid tumors and leukemias and is an attractive target for the therapy. We have generated a panel of Humaneered® antibodies to the ligand-binding domain using a Fab epitope-focused library that has the same specificity as monoclonal antibody mIIIA4. A high-affinity antibody was selected that competes with the mIIIA4 antibody for binding to EphA3 and has an improved affinity of ∼1 nM. In order to generate an antibody with potent cell-killing activity the variable regions were assembled with human IgG1k constant regions and expressed in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line deficient in fucosyl transferase. Non-fucosylated antibodies have been reported to have enhanced binding affinity for the IgG receptor CD16a (FcγRIIIa). The affinity of the antibody for recombinant CD16a was enhanced approximately 10-fold. This resulted in enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against EphA3-expressing leukemic cells, providing a potent antibody for the evaluation as a therapeutic agent.
<i>SERPINA1</i>is a direct estrogen receptor target gene and a predictor of survival in breast cancer patients (2015)

Of all breast cancer patients, about 70% are ER+ and 10% are ER+/HER2+. The ER+/HER2+ patients have a worse outcome compared to ER+/HER2- patients. Currently there is a lack of effective prognosis biomarkers for the prediction of outcome in ER+/HER2+ patients. Genome-wide differences in ER binding between the endocrine-responsive and endocrine-resistant cells were discovered using ChIP-seq, and combined with gene expression microarray data to identify direct ER target genes. These genes were correlated to survival outcome using publicly available breast cancer patient cohorts. We found the expression of the gene SERPINA1 to have a significant predictive value for the overall survival (OS) of ER+ patients in the TCGA cohort, and validated this finding in the Curtis cohort. SERPINA1 also has a significant predictive value for the OS of ER+/HER2+ patients in the TCGA cohort, with validation in the Bild cohort. The expression of SERPINA1 can be suppressed by fulvestrant and HER2 siRNA. Our results indicate that ER is constitutively activated, resulting in an E2-independent ER binding to the SERPINA1 gene and upregulation of SERPINA1 expression. Importantly, results of survival correlation suggests that high expression of SERPINA1 could be predictive for a better clinical outcome of ER+ and ER+/HER2+ patients.
Pt–metal oxide aerogel catalysts: X-ray photoemission investigation (2001)

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy was used to study Pt–metal oxide aerogel catalysts that have been developed to respond to increased NOx emissions of lean-burn engines. Lean-burn engines, critical components of low and zero emission vehicles, produce much higher levels of engine-out NOx and current three-way catalytic converters are not sufficient to meet Clean Air Act standards. Platinum catalysts were formed by the reaction of modified Pt coordination compounds with selected transition–metal alkoxides through sol–gel techniques into aerogels. Photoemission measurements of the Pt 4f, Si 2p, Ti 2p, O 1s, and C 1s core lines were used to evaluate the chemistry of the material after each processing step. Results indicate Pt–O bonding and reduced Pt disbursed in the aerogel. In addition, Si 2p, Ti 2p, and O 1s binding energies indicate an oxo-bridged network structure.