gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A synthetic triptycene bisquinone, which blocks nucleoside transport and induces DNA fragmentation, retains its cytotoxic efficacy in daunorubicin-resistant HL-60 cell lines (2001)

In contrast to the parent triptycene (code name TT0), triptycene bisquinone (code name TT2) is cytostatic (IC50: 300 nM) and cytotoxic (IC50: 230 nM) in wild-type (WT), drug-sensitive HL-60 cells (HL-60-S) at day 4. Therefore, the effects of this new quinone antitumor drug were assessed and compared to those of daunorubicin (DAU, daunomycin) in the multidrug-resistant (MDR) HL-60-RV and HL-60-R8 sublines, which respectively overexpress P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). In contrast to DAU, which loses its cytostatic [resistance factors (RFs): 22.9-35.7] and cytotoxic (RFs: 23.8-31.3) activities in MDR sublines, TT2 decreases tumor cell proliferation (RFs: 0.9-1.3) and viability (RFs: 0.9-1.5) as effectively in HL-60-S as in HL-60-RV and HL-60-R8 cells at days 2 and 4. Similarly, DAU inhibits the rate of DNA synthesis less effectively in MDR than in parental HL-60 cells (RFs: 8.1-11.9) but TT2 decreases the incorporation of 3[H]-thymidine into DNA to the same degree in HL-60-S, HL-60-RV and HL-60-R8 cells (RFs: 1.2). In contrast to DAU, which is inactive, the advantage of TT2 is its ability to block the cellular transport of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides in WT tumor cells, an effect which persists in both MDR sublines (RFs: 1.0-1.2). Moreover, the concentrations of DAU which induce maximal DNA cleavage in HL-60-S cells at 24 h lose all or most of their DNA-damaging activity in HL-60-RV and HL-60-R8 cells, whereas treatments with 4 microM TT2 produce similar peaks of DNA fragmentation in all WT and MDR cell lines. Since TT2 not only mimics the antitumor effects of DAU but also blocks nucleoside transport and retains its effectiveness in MDR cells that have already developed different mechanisms of resistance to DAU, this new quinone antitumor drug might be valuable to develop new means of polychemotherapy.
LTE Physical-Layer Identity Detection in the Presence of Jamming (2017)

In this paper, a novel adaptive physical-layer identity detection algorithm for LTE systems is presented. The proposed algorithm can estimate the location of the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and detect the physical-layer identity in the presence of jamming or interference. Multiple parallel adaptive filters are used to suppress the jamming signal without using any a priori information about its characteristics. Each filter is designed using the linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) criterion to minimize the output corresponding to any received signal that does not match the signature of the PSS. The frequency response of the adaptive filters at the PSS timing detection instant is used to suppress the interference/jamming signal during physical-layer identity estimation. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm compared to earlier non- adaptive PSS detection algorithms.
On the Sensitivity of All-Dielectric Microwave Photonic Receivers (2010)

We report on a theoretical study of an all-dielectric microwave photonic receiver based on the optical whispering gallery mode resonator technology. We show that dielectric near-field concentrators of microwave radiation utilized with an all-dielectric whispering gallery mode microwave photonic receiver front-end result in achieving sensitivity levels comparable to the sensitivity of conventional metal-containing electronic receivers. On the other hand, a dielectric resonator antenna that relies upon conventional diffraction-limited high-Q microwave modes does not provide the required sensitivity. We find fundamental restrictions on the sensitivity of the receiver without specifying its design, and note that the receiver can be more generally considered as a photonic implementation of an electric (E-) field sensor with an electric field probe made of all-dielectric RF-transparent parts. The geometrical dimensions of the electric field probe can be much smaller than the wavelength of the measured electromagnetic field in the material. Our theoretical calculations show that the sensor allows detecting electric fields in a broad frequency range (100 Hz-20 GHz) with sensitivity exceeding 10 μV/[Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> m].
Bidirectional voltage biased implication operations using SiOx based unipolar memristors (2015)

This work presents a material implication implementation using SiOx based unipolar memristors. SiOx memristors with TaN/SiOx/Si structures have been fabricated, characterized, and used in the implication operation. The implication function and its truth table were well implemented using both positive and negative voltages for load resistor bias. The voltage range for the implication operation is reduced due to bidirectional bias. The key factors for the operation of material implication, such as load resistance, characteristics of the memristor, and design tradeoffs were investigated. This work demonstrates that unipolar SiOx based memristors are suitable for logic operations.
Expression and Characterization of Recombinant TGF-β2 Proteins Produced in Mammalian Cells (1989)

Recombinant DNA plasmids coding for transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) precursor and a hybrid TGF-beta 1(NH2)/beta 2(COOH) molecule consisting of the amino-terminal precursor portion of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) linked in phase to the carboxyl terminus of mature TGF-beta 2 were constructed and transfected into COS cells. Both plasmids directed the synthesis of active TGF-beta 2 which was secreted into the supernatants of transfected cells. The TGF-beta 2 was secreted in a latent form, as an acidification step was required to demonstrate optimal biological activity. Using site-specific anti-peptide antibodies, we show that precursor and mature forms of TGF-beta 2 are produced. A stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line expressing the hybrid TGF-beta 1(NH2)/beta 2(COOH) protein was isolated. This cell line secreted both precursor and mature forms of TGF-beta 1(NH2)/beta 2(COOH); acidification was required to demonstrate biological activity. Protein sequence analysis of recombinant TGF-beta 2 produced by this CHO clone demonstrated that correct proteolytic cleavage had occurred, suggesting that the processing signals contained within the TGF-beta 1 amino portion can function in producing mature TGF-beta 2. Receptor binding studies showed that TGF-beta 2 specifically bound predominantly to type III receptors on the surface of human palatal mesenchymal cells. The availability of active TGF-beta 2 should aid in determining its potential therapeutic use as a growth modulator.
Specific types of human papillomavirus found in benign proliferations and carcinomas of the skin in immunosuppressed patients. (1994)

A total of 118 biopsies from skin lesions of 46 renal allograft patients was analyzed for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers and also partially by subsequent sequencing of the amplified fragment. Sixty-two % of the benign proliferations (31 of 50) contained DNA of known HPV types as well as HPV sequences related to a number of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated HPV types. HPV DNA sequences were found in 14 (56%) of 25 biopsies from squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas. One squamous cell carcinoma contained HPV 41 DNA. A novel 640-base pair fragment sharing homology with HPV 29 (82.7%) was found in 15% (3 of 20) of squamous cell carcinomas, in 9.4% (3 of 32) of dysplastic warts and in 8.5% (4 of 47) common warts. The remaining positive carcinoma biopsies contained HPV-related DNA in such a low copy number that additional analysis is required. The identification of new HPV types in skin cancers of immunosuppressed patients (other than epidermodysplasia verruciformis patients) further expands the spectrum of HPV-linked human malignancies and permits new approaches to study the pathogenesis of skin cancers.
NDR family of AGC kinases – essential regulators of the cell cycle and morphogenesis (2003)

The nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) family of protein serine/threonine kinases comprises mammalian NDR and large tumor suppressor (LATS) kinases, their orthologs from Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, and a number of related kinases from yeast and plants. The members of this family were independently implicated in various aspects of the control of cell division and morphogenesis. They are crucial regulators of the actin and tubulin cytoskeletal organization during polarized growth and cytokinesis in yeast. Furthermore, they are key players in control of proliferation and morphology of many cell types in D. melanogaster and C. elegans. In mammalians, the LATS kinase is a tumor suppressor, negatively regulating the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1, cell proliferation rate, and modulating cell survival.
Optimized cladding materials for nonlinear-optic polymer-based devices (2002)

We have investigated various conductive and nonconductive polymer materials suitable for use as cladding layers in nonlinear optic (NLO) polymer based opto-electronic devices. Our goal was to maximize the nonlinearity of the NLO core materials, while minimizing the total poling voltage and minimizing the absorption loss. Using a cladding material that is more conductive than the NLO core material, the majority of the applied poling voltage is dropped across the core, realizing a maximum EO coefficient with minimum applied poling voltage. We found, however, that there are tradeoffs between absorption loss, conductivity, refractive index, materials processability and materials compatibility when using off-the-shelf materials. Results are presented for a 3-layer device structure using a conductive polymer material for both the top and bottom cladding layers.
Network-aware forward caching (2009)

This paper proposes and evaluates a Network Aware Forward Caching approach for determining the optimal deployment strategy of forward caches to a network. A key advantage of this approach is that we can reduce the network costs associated with forward caching to maximize the benefit obtained from their deployment. We show in our simulation that a 37% increase to net benefits could be achieved over the standard method of full cache deployment to cache all POPs traffic. In addition, we show that this maximal point occurs when only 68% of the total traffic is cached.
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Fungus Trichoderma Reesei (A Route for Large-Scale Production of AgNPs) (2011)

One of the requirements for advancement of nanotechnology are the development of reliable experimental protocols for the synthesis of nanomaterials over a range of biological compositions, sizes and high monodispersity. An attractive possibility of green nanotechnology is to use micro-organisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Recently, the utilization of biological systems, especially fungi, has emerged as a novel method for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are considered as fundamental molecular building blocks for nanotechnology. They are the starting points for preparing many nanostructured materials and devices. In this paper we report the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using a fungus named Trichoderma Reesei (also known as Hypocrea jecorina). In the biosynthesis of AgNPs by this fungus, the fungus mycelium is exposed to the silver nitrate solution. That prompts the fungus to produce enzymes and metabolites for its own survival. In this process the toxic Ag+ ions are reduced to the nonetoxic metallic AgNPs through the catalytic effect of the extracellular enzyme and metabolites of the fungus. Absorption UV-Visible light spectroscopy is used to follow up with the reaction process. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy is used to produce detailed information on the progress of reduction of silver nitrate (formation of silver nanoparticles) on the nanosecond timescale. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used for quantitative analyses of the reaction products. Our measurements indicate that extracellular biosynthesis of AgNPs by Trichoderma reesei produces AgNPs with the diameters in the range of 5-50 nm. Trichoderma Reesei is an environmentally friendly fungus, and it is well known for its formation of extracellular enzyme and metabolites in very large amounts, much higher than other fungi. The present process is an excellent candidate for industrial scale production of silver nanoparticles.
Low complexity parameter estimation for the generalized rake receiver (2005)

RAKE reception is commonly used in the downlink of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) cellular systems. However, RAKE receivers suffer performance losses in frequency selective channels due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAT). Recently, the generalized RAKE (G-RAKE) receiver has emerged as a low complexity technique for downlink interference suppression. We propose simple approaches herein to place fingers and estimate key parameters of the G-RAKE receiver. Simulations show that a G-RAKE receiver utilizing this approach provides significant performance improvement over a conventional RAKE receiver.
Optimizing Neural Networks in the Equivalent Class Space. (2018)

It has been widely observed that many activation functions and pooling methods of neural network models have (positive-) rescaling-invariant property, including ReLU, PReLU, max-pooling, and average pooling, which makes fully-connected neural networks (FNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) invariant to (positive) rescaling operation across layers. This may cause unneglectable problems with their optimization: (1) different NN models could be equivalent, but their gradients can be very different from each other; (2) it can be proven that the loss functions may have many spurious critical points in the redundant weight space. To tackle these problems, in this paper, we first characterize the rescaling-invariant properties of NN models using equivalent classes and prove that the dimension of the equivalent class space is significantly smaller than the dimension of the original weight space. Then we represent the loss function in the compact equivalent class space and develop novel algorithms that conduct optimization of the NN models directly in the equivalent class space. We call these algorithms Equivalent Class Optimization (abbreviated as EC-Opt) algorithms. Moreover, we design efficient tricks to compute the gradients in the equivalent class, which almost have no extra computational complexity as compared to standard back-propagation (BP). We conducted experimental study to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed new optimization algorithms. In particular, we show that by using the idea of EC-Opt, we can significantly improve the accuracy of the learned model (for both FNN and CNN), as compared to using conventional stochastic gradient descent algorithms.
Support Vector Regression Based Video Quality Prediction (2011)

To measure the quality of experience (QoE) of a video, the current approaches of objective quality metrics development focus on how to design a video quality model, which considers the effects of the extracted features and models the Human Visual System (HVS). However, video quality metrics which try to model the HVS confronts a fact that HVS is too complicated and not well understood to model. In this paper, instead of modeling the objective quality metrics with some functions, we proposed to build a video quality metrics using the support vector machines (SVMs) supervised learning [1]. With the proposed SVM based video quality prediction, it allows a much better approximation to the NTIA-VQM [2] and MOS values, compared to the previous G.1070-based video quality prediction [3]. We further investigated how to choose the certain features which can be efficiently used as SVM input variables.variables.
Heating of Magnetorheological Fluid Dampers (1999)

This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies on heat generation and dissipation of fieldcontrollable, magneto-rheological (MR) fluid shock absorbers. Since MR fluid dampers are energy-dissipating devices, the issues of heat generation and dissipation are important. In this study, experiments are conducted on a variety of MR fluid dampers that have been designed, developed, and tested at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR), for specific applications. Each MR fluid damper is experimentally evaluated for temperature changes that result from various types of sinusoidal input motions. In addition a theoretical model is developed which predicts the temperature increase of the MR fluid dampers. This model is solved numerically, and is compared with experimental results. Also, a non-dimensional form of the governing equations is developed to assess the effect of physical parameters on the heat dissipation as well as heat generation within the MR fluid damper. Moreover, the theoretical results for temperature rise of a MR fluid damper under a seismic force are presented. In all cases, the temperature effect on the damping force is significant.
Nanomaterials-Enhanced High-Temperature Fracturing Fluids Prepared with Untreated Seawater (2016)

Abstract Demand for water used in hydraulic fracturing is increasing continuously due to the implementation of oilfield technologies such as horizontal wells and multistage hydraulic fracturing. The rising cost of fresh water has motivated services and production companies to try to prepare fracturing fluids with less ideal water sources such as produced water and seawater. Technically it is not too difficult to make fracturing fluids for medium-to-low temperature applications using salt water like produced water or seawater. However at high temperatures of, for example, 300°F or more, it is much more challenging to formulate stable fluids directly with untreated salt water due to the damages related to the high levels of salinity and hardness in the water. With innovative approaches and careful selections of fluid additives in our tests, potential fluid issues caused by low water quality and harsh downhole temperatures were resolved or mitigated. A novel high-temperature fracturing fluid system was invented recently that could be prepared with untreated seawater having a TDS of, for example, about 57,000 mg/L. The fluids comprised of metal-crosslinked polysaccharide polymers, and remained stable at high temperatures of 300°F or more. In a typical test, the fluid viscosity stayed above 500cP (at 40/s shear rate) for at least 60 minutes at 300°F. The fluid stability could be further enhanced with the addition of a number of selected nanomaterials. For instance, when one of the nanomaterials was added to the above fluids at a dose of 0.02% by weight or less, the lifetime of the fluid viscosity above 500cP was extended by at least 30%. Tests also showed that, with the addition of the nanomaterials, the viscosity lifetime could remain the same even when the polymer loading was reduced. The fracturing fluids also consistently showed over 90% regained permeability in both coreflow and proppant pack conductivity tests. Overall, the novel seawater-based fluid system shows excellent high-temperature stability, minimum formation and proppant pack damage, and intrinsically low scaling tendency. The synergetic behaviors among the fluid additives and the nanomaterials in the high-temperature fracturing fluids prepared with the untreated seawater will be discussed, and the field-related laboratory test results will be presented in detail.
The potential of clusterin inhibiting antisense oligodeoxynucleotide therapy for prostate cancer (2006)

This review summarise the authors' recent experience in the development of antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) therapy that targets a cytoprotective gene, clusterin, for the treatment of prostate cancer. The acquisition of resistance to a wide variety of proapototic stimuli was initially demonstrated by introducing the clusterin gene into prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, silencing clusterin expression using AS ODN synergistically enhanced the effects of several conventional therapeutic modalities through the effective induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer xenograft models. Based on these outcomes, Phase I clinical trials were conducted using AS clusterin ODN incorporating 2'-O-(2-methoxy)ethyl-gapmer backbone (OGX-011), and the optimal dose of OGX-011 capable of inducing </= 90% suppression of clusterin in human prostate cancer tissue was determined. Collectively, these findings suggest the utility of inactivating clusterin function using AS ODN technology as a novel therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer treatment. There have been four kinds of Phase II studies that have begun to further evaluate the efficacy of OGX-011 in patients with prostate, breast and lung cancers.
Multimode spectroscopy using dielectric grating coupled to a surface plasmon resonance sensor (2014)

A new platform is proposed to solve one of the main shortcomings of surface plasmon resonance biosensors, namely, the cross sensitivity to surface and bulk effects. This approach is based on multimode spectroscopy in which three different modes are excited simultaneously. The proposed design consists of an SPR sensor loaded with a dielectric grating. The design parameters (dimensions and wavelength) are optimized with a genetic algorithm. The optimized design has two resonance modes excited with TM polarized light, each sensitive to surface effects, and one TE mode mostly sensitive to variations in the bulk fluid refractive index. Numerical and analytical methods are used to justify the simulation results, which are in good agreement. Finally, it is shown that, by applying three-mode spectroscopy, decoupling the properties of the attached biomaterial from the background index variations is possible with the proposed design.
A laser-based system for through-the-screen collaboration (2010)

We describe a novel system for supporting remote collaboration over shared media. The system is based on the "ClearBoard" idea of [Ishii and Kobayashi 1992] where the shared media is presented as though on a sheet of glass between local and remote participants.
Noninvasive temperature mapping with MRI using chemical shift water‐fat separation (2010)

Tissues containing both water and lipids, e.g., breast, confound standard MR proton reference frequency-shift methods for mapping temperatures due to the lack of temperature-induced frequency shift in lipid protons. Generalized Dixon chemical shift-based water-fat separation methods, such as GE's iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation method, can result in complex water and fat images. Once separated, the phase change over time of the water signal can be used to map temperature. Phase change of the lipid signal can be used to correct for non-temperature-dependent phase changes, such as amplitude of static field drift. In this work, an image acquisition and postprocessing method, called water and fat thermal MRI, is demonstrated in phantoms containing 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 water-to-fat by volume. Noninvasive heating was applied in an Off1-On-Off2 pattern over 50 min, using a miniannular phased radiofrequency array. Temperature changes were referenced to the first image acquisition. Four fiber optic temperature probes were placed inside the phantoms for temperature comparison. Region of interest (ROI) temperature values colocated with the probes showed excellent agreement (global mean +/- standard deviation: -0.09 +/- 0.34 degrees C) despite significant amplitude of static field drift during the experiments.