gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetostatic Wave Devices for Integrated-Optical Signal Processing (1983)

Rrw diffraction of li@t by mgnetostatlc waves (ntNs) is merging as a promising new technolow for optical signal processing, offering larm time-bandwidth optical pmcessirg at microwave frequencies of 1 to 20 GVz and higher. Mffraction of Widedaptical waves by transversely-propagating nametostatic waves and collinear TEc+TY mde conversion induced by WWs have been demonstrated. Viffraction efficiencies of %/watt, 4% total diffraction, and a mdulation dynamic range of -30 db have ken observed. The underlying theory of the transverse WW-optical interaction is presented, including the development of expressions for optical diffraction efficiency as a function of WW mer and frequency, device gemtry, mterials properties, and other relevant parameters. Potential inteqratedaptica l signal processing applications are mntioned, including spectrum analyzers, convolvers/correlators, deflectors, nonrecimocal optical isolators, and tunable narrowband filters.
Development and Optimization of Bifunctional Fusion Proteins to Locally Modulate Complement Activation in Diseased Tissue (2022)

Sustained complement activation is an underlying pathologic driver in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Currently approved anti-complement therapies are directed at the systemic blockade of complement. Consequently, these therapies provide widespread inhibition of complement pathway activity, beyond the site of ongoing activation and the intended pharmacodynamic (PD) effects. Given the essential role for complement in both innate and adaptive immunity, there is a need for therapies that inhibit complement in diseased tissue while limiting systemic blockade. One potential approach focuses on the development of novel fusion proteins that enable tissue-targeted delivery of complement negative regulatory proteins. These therapies are expected to provide increased potency and prolonged tissue PD, decreased dosing frequency, and the potential for improved safety profiles. We created a library of bifunctional fusion proteins that direct a fragment of the complement negative regulator, complement receptor type 1 (CR1) to sites of tissue injury. Tissue targeting is accomplished through the binding of the fusion protein to complement C3 fragments that contain a surface-exposed C3d domain and which are covalently deposited on tissues where complement is being activated. To that end, we generated a fusion protein that contains an anti-C3d monoclonal antibody recombinantly linked to the first 10 consensus repeats of CR1 (CR1<sub>1-10</sub>) with the intention of delivering high local concentrations of this complement negative regulatory domain to tissue-bound complement C3 fragments iC3b, C3dg and C3d. Biochemical and <i>in vitro</i> characterization identified several fusion proteins that inhibit complement while maintaining the C3d domain binding properties of the parent monoclonal antibody. Preclinical <i>in vivo</i> studies further demonstrate that anti-C3d fusion proteins effectively distribute to injured tissue and reduce C3 fragment deposition for periods beyond 14 days. The <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> profiles support the further evaluation of C3d mAb-CR1<sub>1-10</sub> as a novel approach to restore proper complement activation in diseased tissue in the absence of continuous systemic complement blockade.
AMINE FUNCTIONALIZED POLYETHERS AS BILE ACID SEQUESTRANTS: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION (2001)

A series of amine functionalized polymers based on polyether backbones was prepared by the chemical modification of poly(epichlorohydrin) and poly(2-chloroethylvinyl ether). Nucleophilic substitution of pendant chloroalkyl groups offers a versatile route to prepare hydrophilic, cationic polymers. Through the choice of appropriate experimental conditions, including solvent, temperature, and amine reagent, a high degree of substitution at the chloromethyl groups can be achieved. Depending on the nature of the amine used, both water-soluble and amphiphilic cationic polymers were obtained. Crosslinked hydrogels were prepared by either subsequent crosslinking of the amine functional polyethers or by reaction of chloroalkyl polyethers with multifunctional amines. These amine functional polyethers exhibited promising bile acid sequestration properties during in vivo experiments using hamsters as animal models, providing a novel approach for treating hypercholesterolemia. Some of these polymers show efficacy superior to commercially available bile acid sequestrants. The results suggest that these novel polyammonium gels may be useful as cholesterol lowering agents.
Anemone (2005)

There is a constant battle to break-even between continuing improvements in DRAM capacities and the demands for even more memory by modern memory-intensive high-performance applications. Such applications do not take long to hit the physical memory limit and start paging to disk, which in turn considerably slows down their performance. We tackle this problem in the Adaptive Network Memory Engine (Anemone) project by pooling together the distributed memory resources of multiple machines across a gigabit network based cluster. Anemone is a distributed memory virtualization system that can dramatically improve application performance by paging over the gigabit network to the unused memory of remote clients. Anemone provides clients with completely transparent access to a potentially unlimited amount of collective memory pool. Earlier research efforts in this area advocate significant modifications to client systems, either in terms of a specific programming interface for applications, or in terms of extensive changes to the operating systems and device drivers. In contrast, Anemone requires no modifications to either the client system or the memory-intensive application.
Restart Strategy for Scalar (<i>V/f</i>) Controlled Synchronous Reluctance Machine Driving a High-Inertia Load (2019)

Momentary power disruptions commonly occur in many industrial settings, and can trip large electric machines, which must then be brought to zero speed before the machine can be restarted. The resulting frequent interruptions in industrial processes can have negative effects on productivity. A restart algorithm brings the machine back to the original speed as soon as power is restored, without waiting for the machine to reach zero speed. This paper proposes an approach for implementing a restart algorithm for synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs) that use a simple identification algorithm to determine the speed and position of the machine so that the appropriate voltage vector can be applied, thus minimizing the inrush current during the restart. The proposed method only requires nameplate machine parameters and needs no machine-specific tuning, making the approach suitable for implementation with both high-inertia vector and scalar-controlled SynRM.
Species Used for Drug Testing Reveal Different Inhibition Susceptibility for 17beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (2010)

Steroid-related cancers can be treated by inhibitors of steroid metabolism. In searching for new inhibitors of human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD 1) for the treatment of breast cancer or endometriosis, novel substances based on 15-substituted estrone were validated. We checked the specificity for different 17beta-HSD types and species. Compounds were tested for specificity in vitro not only towards recombinant human 17beta-HSD types 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 but also against 17beta-HSD 1 of several other species including marmoset, pig, mouse, and rat. The latter are used in the processes of pharmacophore screening. We present the quantification of inhibitor preferences between human and animal models. Profound differences in the susceptibility to inhibition of steroid conversion among all 17beta-HSDs analyzed were observed. Especially, the rodent 17beta-HSDs 1 were significantly less sensitive to inhibition compared to the human ortholog, while the most similar inhibition pattern to the human 17beta-HSD 1 was obtained with the marmoset enzyme. Molecular docking experiments predicted estrone as the most potent inhibitor. The best performing compound in enzymatic assays was also highly ranked by docking scoring for the human enzyme. However, species-specific prediction of inhibitor performance by molecular docking was not possible. We show that experiments with good candidate compounds would out-select them in the rodent model during preclinical optimization steps. Potentially active human-relevant drugs, therefore, would no longer be further developed. Activity and efficacy screens in heterologous species systems must be evaluated with caution.
Deterministically polarized, room temperature source of single photons based on single-emitter fluorescence in aligned liquid crystal hosts (2006)

We demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge deterministically polarized fluorescence from single dye molecules. Planar aligned nematic liquid crystal hosts provide deterministic alignment of single dye molecules in a preferred direction.
ABC triblock bottlebrush copolymer-based injectable hydrogels: design, synthesis, and application to expanding the therapeutic index of cancer immunochemotherapy (2020)

Bottlebrush copolymers are a versatile class of macromolecular architectures with broad applications in the fields of drug delivery, self-assembly, and polymer networks. Here, the modular nature of graft-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is exploited to synthesize "ABC" triblock bottlebrush copolymers (TBCs) from polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macromonomers. Due to the hydrophobicity of their PLA domains, these TBCs self-assemble in aqueous media at room temperature to yield uniform ∼100 nm micelles that can encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic agents. Heating these micellar solutions above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM (∼32 °C) induces the rapid formation of multi-compartment hydrogels with PLA and PNIPAM domains acting as physical crosslinks. Following the synthesis and characterization of these materials <i>in vitro</i>, TBC micelles loaded with various biologically active small molecules were investigated as injectable hydrogels for sustained drug release <i>in vivo</i>. Specifically, intratumoral administration of TBCs containing paclitaxel and resiquimod-the latter a potent Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist-into mice bearing subcutaneous CT26 tumors resulted in a significantly enhanced therapeutic index compared to the administration of these two drugs alone. This effect is attributed to the TBC hydrogel maintaining a high local drug concentration, thus reducing systemic immune activation and local inflammation. Collectively, this work represents, to our knowledge, the first example of thermally-responsive TBCs designed for multi-compartment hydrogel formation, establishing these materials as versatile scaffolds for self-assembly and drug delivery.
Using a Sound Field to Reduce the Risks of Bird-Strike: An Experimental Approach (2017)

Each year, billions of birds collide with large human-made structures, such as building, towers, and turbines, causing substantial mortality. Such bird-strike, which is projected to increase, poses risks to populations of birds and causes significant economic costs to many industries. Mitigation technologies have been deployed in an attempt to reduce bird-strike, but have been met with limited success. One reason for bird-strike may be that birds fail to pay adequate attention to the space directly in front of them when in level, cruising flight. A warning signal projected in front of a potential strike surface might attract visual attention and reduce the risks of collision. We tested this idea in captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) that were trained to fly down a long corridor and through an open wooden frame. Once birds were trained, they each experienced three treatments at unpredictable times and in a randomized order: a loud sound field projected immediately in front of the open wooden frame; a mist net (i.e., a benign strike surface) placed inside the wooden frame; and both the loud sound and the mist net. We found that birds slowed their flight approximately 20% more when the sound field was projected in front of the mist net compared with when the mist net was presented alone. This reduction in velocity would equate to a substantial reduction in the force of any collision. In addition to slowing down, birds increased the angle of attack of their body and tail, potentially allowing for more maneuverable flight. Concomitantly, the only cases where birds avoided the mist net occurred in the sound-augmented treatment. Interestingly, the sound field by itself did not demonstrably alter flight. Although our study was conducted in a limited setting, the alterations of flight associated with our sound field has implications for reducing bird-strike in nature and we encourage researchers to test our ideas in field trials.
Abstract 17986: Molecular Beacon-based Purification of Ventricular Cardiomyocytes From Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells by Targeting Intracellular Mrna (2014)

Background: Ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) are an ideal cell type for cardiac cell therapy since they are the main cells generating cardiac forces. However, isolating them from differentiating pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been challenging due to the lack of specific surface markers. Here we show that ventricular CMs can be purified from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using molecular beacons (MBs) targeting specific intracellular mRNAs. MBs are dual-labeled oligonucleotide hairpin probes that emit a fluorescence signal when hybridized to target mRNAs, allowing isolation of specific target cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with high specificity and sensitivity. Methods and Results: We generated three different MBs (IRX4-1, -2, -3) designed to target specific regions of mRNAs of iroquois homeobox protein 4 (Irx4), a specific transcription factor for ventricular CMs. Among three IRX4 MBs, IRX4-2 MB demonstrated the highest sensitivity and specificity, thus IRX4-2 MB was selected to purify mESC-derived ventricular CMs. Subsequently, IRX4-2 MBs were delivered into cardiomyogenically differentiating mESC cultures and cells showing strong signals from IRX4-2 MBs were FACS-sorted. Flow cytometry demonstrated that 92~97% of IRX4-2 MB-positive cells expressed a marker for ventricular CMs myosin light chain 2 ventricular isoform (Myl2) as well as cardiac troponin 2 (Tnnt2). Importantly, higher than 98% of IRX4-2 MB-positive cells displayed ventricular CM-like action potentials during electrophysiological analyses. These IRX4-2 MB-based purified ventricular CMs continuously maintained their CM characteristics verified by synchronous beating, Ca2+ transient, and expression of ventricular CM-specific proteins. Conclusions: We established a novel MB-based cell sorting system targeting a transcription factor that is specific for ventricular CM to generate homogeneous and functional ventricular CMs. This is the first report to show the feasibility of isolating pure ventricular CMs without modifying host genes, and this platform will be useful for therapeutic applications, disease modeling, and drug discovery.
A new type of integrated hybrid component IPBCD (2004)

This paper reports a new type of integrated hybrid component. It integrates the function of polarization beam combiner, isolator and depolarizer as a unit. Characterised small dimension, high isolation, low insertion loss, good depolarization effect and high reliability, it is specially designed for Raman amplifier. The packaged dimension is 75x5.6x5.6mm<sup>3</sup>. The main optical specifications are insertion loss ≤0.6dB@1450±40nm, isolation≥30dB and DOP ≤10%.
A Short and Efficient Synthesis of the [3]Triangulene Ring System (2019)

Triangulenes are of current interest for potential applications in molecular electronics. We describe here a three step synthesis of the 4,8,12-trihydro[3]triangulenium cation by cascade cyclization of a tetra-benzyl alcohol precursor in triflic acid solution. This stable carbocation is easily observed by NMR and optical spectroscopy and is highly fluorescent. Quenching of the cation into basic solutions or by hydride transfer from triethylsilane provides access to stable dihydro and tetrahydro[3]triangulenes. These neutral species interconvert with cations in a complex series of proton and hydride transfers. This route provides several important [3]triangulene precursors. Preliminary experiments designed to generate [3]triangulene in the solution phase provide evidence for its formation and rapid oligomerization.
Rapid Extended Coverage Simultaneous Multisection Black-Blood Vessel Wall MR Imaging (2004)

A two-dimensional rapid extended coverage (REX) rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) pulse sequence for simultaneous multisection double inversion-recovery (DIR) black-blood vessel wall magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was developed. Aortic vessel wall MR imaging was performed in five healthy subjects (mean age, 33 years +/- 4 [SD]) and five patients with atherosclerotic disease (mean age, 67 years +/- 11.7). Shortening of blood inversion time and imaging of multiple sections after single DIR block resulted in simultaneous acquisition of up to 20 aortic wall sections in less than 1 minute (spatial resolution, 0.97 x 0.97 x 3 mm(3)). Higher signal-to-noise ratios per unit time per section (16.0 +/- 2.45 vs 7.5 +/- 1.10, P <.05), no significant changes in contrast-to-noise ratios (15.0 +/- 5.3 vs 20.1 +/- 3.9, P >.05), and 17-fold improvement in acquisition time compared with those at conventional single-section DIR RARE imaging was achieved. Use of the REX method significantly shortened aortic imaging acquisition times without degrading image quality.
Molybdenum/beryllium multilayer mirrors for normal incidence in the extreme ultraviolet (1995)

We report on a series of normal-incidence reflectance measurements at wavelengths just longer than the beryllium K-edge (11.1 nm) from molybdenum/beryllium multilayer mirrors. The highest peak reflectance was 68.7 ± 0.2% at λ = 11.3 nm obtained from a mirror with 70 bilayers ending in beryllium. To our knowledge, this is the highest normal-incidence reflectance that has been demonstrated in the 1-80-nm spectral range.
X-ray monitoring of laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) in ex-vivo porcine tissue (2001)

Experiments on the feasibility of x-ray monitoring of laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) of breast cancer are presented. Digital images of heated tissue phantoms (including fatty porcine tissue and polyacrylamide/acrylate hydrogel), obtained from an x-ray stereotactic biopsy system, were analyzed for changes in pixel intensity. Tissue phantoms were heated either by a 980 nm diode laser or by resistive heating elements in a custom-made chamber. Analysis was conducted by evaluating the changes in average pixel intensity of regions of interest. Image constancy and stability of the x-ray system were also investigated. Slight changes (less than 5%) dependent on the temperature of the tissue phantom were observed, while changes caused by heat- induced tissue displacement and/or shrinkage were more significant (greater than 10%).
Combined phase-readout and self-calibration of MEMS gyroscopes (2013)

This paper presents a gyroscope interface architecture that combines readout and self-calibration functions in a reconfigurable fashion. The phase readout and calibration operation relies on the phase shifts observed at the gyroscope outputs with respect to the applied excitations. The proposed electrostatic calibration obviates the use of any additional moving parts or calibration stage. The significance of this work is having shared interface electronics between the readout and calibration configurations, which inherently compensates for the sources of drift in the electronics, resulting in improved calibration accuracy. Experimental data is presented that supports the theoretical analysis of the proposed readout and self-calibration schemes.
Exploiting the colloidal nanocrystal library to construct electronic devices (2016)

Synthetic methods produce libraries of colloidal nanocrystals with tunable physical properties by tailoring the nanocrystal size, shape, and composition. Here, we exploit colloidal nanocrystal diversity and design the materials, interfaces, and processes to construct all-nanocrystal electronic devices using solution-based processes. Metallic silver and semiconducting cadmium selenide nanocrystals are deposited to form high-conductivity and high-mobility thin-film electrodes and channel layers of field-effect transistors. Insulating aluminum oxide nanocrystals are assembled layer by layer with polyelectrolytes to form high-dielectric constant gate insulator layers for low-voltage device operation. Metallic indium nanocrystals are codispersed with silver nanocrystals to integrate an indium supply in the deposited electrodes that serves to passivate and dope the cadmium selenide nanocrystal channel layer. We fabricate all-nanocrystal field-effect transistors on flexible plastics with electron mobilities of 21.7 square centimeters per volt-second.
Noninvasive forward-scattering system for rapid detection, characterization, and identification of bacterial colonies (2007)

Bacterial contamination of food products puts the public at risk and also generates a substantial cost for the food-processing industry. One of the greatest challenges in the response to these incidents is rapid recognition of the bacterial agents involved. Only a few currently available technologies allow testing to be performed outside of specialized microbiological laboratories. Most current systems are based on the use of expensive PCR or antibody-based techniques, and require complicated sample preparation for reliable results. Herein, we report our efforts to develop a noninvasive optical forward-scattering system for rapid, automated identification of bacterial colonies grown on solid surfaces. The presented system employs computer-vision and pattern-recognition techniques to classify scatter patterns produced by bacterial colonies irradiated with laser light. Application of Zernike and Chebyshev moments, as well as Haralick texture descriptors for image feature extraction, allows for a very high recognition rate. An SVM algorithm was used for classification of patterns. Low error rates determined by cross-validation, reproducibility of the measurements, and robustness of the system prove that the proposed technology can be implemented in automated devices for bacterial detection.