gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large format long-wavelength GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum well infrared detector arrays for astronomy (2003)

A long-wavelength large format quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array has been successfully used in a ground based astronomy experiment. QWIP arrays afford greater flexibility than the usual extrinsically doped semiconductor infrared (IR) arrays. The wavelength of the peak response and cutoff can be continuously tailored over a range wide enough to enable light detection at any wavelength range between 6-20 /spl mu/m. The spectral band width of these detectors can be tuned from narrow (/spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda/ /spl sim/ 10%) to wide (/spl Delta//spl lambda///spl lambda/ /spl sim/ 40 %) allowing various applications. Also, QWIP device parameters can be optimized to achieve extremely high performances at lower operating temperatures (/spl sim/ 30 K) due to exponential suppression of dark current. Furthermore, QWIPs offer low cost per pixel and highly uniform large format focal plane arrays (FPAs) mainly due to mature GaAs/AlGaAs growth and processing technologies. The other advantages of GaAs/AlGaAs based QWIPs are higher yield, lower 1/f noise and radiation hardness. Recently, we operated an infrared camera with a 256/spl times/256 QWIP array sensitive at 8.5 /spl mu/m at the prime focus of the 5 m Hale telescope, obtaining the images. The remarkable noise stability - and low 1/f noise - of QWIP focal plane arrays enable cameras to operate by modulating the optical signal with a nod period up to 100 s. A 500 s observation on dark sky renders a flat image with little indication of the low spatial frequency structures associated with imperfect sky subtraction or detector drifts.
Upper-critical solution temperature (UCST) polymer functionalized graphene oxide as thermally responsive ion permeable membrane for energy storage devices (2014)

A UCST polymer functionalized graphene oxide as a thermally responsive ion permeable membrane.
Multisite Evaluation of Noninvasive Bladder Pressure Flow Recording Using the Penile Cuff Device: Assessment of Test-Retest Agreement (2008)

Diagnostic category repeatability was similar to that of conventional urodynamics, although there was greater variability in pressure measurements. This supports widespread routine use of the penile cuff test.
Graphene-based microfluidics for serial crystallography (2016)

Microfluidic strategies to enable the growth and subsequent serial crystallographic analysis of micro-crystals have the potential to facilitate both structural characterization and dynamic structural studies of protein targets that have been resistant to single-crystal strategies. However, adapting microfluidic crystallization platforms for micro-crystallography requires a dramatic decrease in the overall device thickness. We report a robust strategy for the straightforward incorporation of single-layer graphene into ultra-thin microfluidic devices. This architecture allows for a total material thickness of only ∼1 μm, facilitating on-chip X-ray diffraction analysis while creating a sample environment that is stable against significant water loss over several weeks. We demonstrate excellent signal-to-noise in our X-ray diffraction measurements using a 1.5 μs polychromatic X-ray exposure, and validate our approach via on-chip structure determination using hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as a model system. Although this work is focused on the use of graphene for protein crystallography, we anticipate that this technology should find utility in a wide range of both X-ray and other lab on a chip applications.
Characterization of a <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>‐specific protein capable of inducing delayed hypersensitivity in <i>Listeria</i>‐immune mice (1990)

Recovery of the host after infection by the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is dependent on cell-mediated immunity. Little is known of the nature of listerial antigens that induce cell-mediated responses in the infected host. In this study we report on the identification and cloning of an Escherichia coli recombinant encoding a listerial antigen, designated ImaA, capable of eliciting a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response in Listeria-immune mice. Nucleotide sequencing of the Listeria DNA insert in plasmid pLM10 showed that the ImaA gene product consisted of 170 amino acids with a molecular weight of 17,994. The predicted amino acid sequence suggests that the protein is localized to the bacterial plasma membrane or cell wall. The ImaA gene was unique to the pathogenic species L. monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii; it was not present in any other species of the genus Listeria.
Quadratic-translinear CMOS multiplier-divider circuit (1997)

A novel current-mode analogue multiplier-divider based on the quadratic-translinear principle is presented. The input and output signals are all in current-mode. The circuit has favourable precision, wide dynamic range and is insensitive to variations in temperature and processing. It is suitable for VLSI implementation and can be used in many hardware design fields such as fuzzy logic controllers and analogue neural networks.
Engineered Repeated Electromagnetic Field Shock Therapy for Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases (2008)

A new consensus of gerontologists proposes that delay of biological senescence is the most potent public health measure for preventing chronic disease in late life. At the most fundamental level, cellular aging is characterized by a decline in repair and homeostatic systems. Thus, interventions that protect or rejuvenate these cellular systems hold significant promise for preventing or delaying the onset of age-related diseases. The most likely candidates for delaying senescence are the longevity-linked transcription factors DAF16 and HSF1. If one were to engineer negligible senescence, a key target would be the heat shock protein axis regulated by HSF1. This pathway is the preferred pathway to prevent protein damage or aggregation, whereas DAF-16/FOXO is a backup pathway activated during stress. Reduced HSF1 activity appears to accelerate tissue aging and shortens life span. Conversely, over-expression of HSF1 increases life span and decreases amyloid toxicity in animal models. This paper describes enhancement of the HSR/HSF1 pathway engineered by repeated electromagnetic field shock (REMFS). In a recent study, we demonstrated that REMFS therapy upregulates the HSR/HSF1 pathway, delays cellular senescence in young cells, and transiently reverses it in senescent cells, thus altering cellular mortality. The technology of applying certain beneficial EMF energy to the human body to stimulate the natural stress response and activate the repair and maintenance systems is a new strategy for engineered negligible senescence. We discuss the exciting clinical implications of REMFS therapy in human aging and disease.
Electrochemical detection of biogenic amines following acylation by N‐hydroxysuccinimide esters (1985)

A general methodology for the selective derivatization of amines, to enable quantitation by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, is presented. N-Hydroxysuccinimide active esters present in large excess are suitably mild acylating agents to derivatize selectively trace quantities of amines for electrochemical detection. The 2 separate problems of extraction yield and detectability can be solved by this derivatization method. Due to its lipophilicity the resulting N-acylated amine, as demonstrated with serotonin, is extracted efficiently into organic solvents during sample preparation for chromatography. Moreover, the acyl group introduced can be designed to be electroactive, thus extending the procedure to amines not readily oxidized, e.g., histamine and phenylethylamine.
Expression Control in Singing Voice Synthesis: Features, approaches, evaluation, and challenges (2015)

In the context of singing voice synthesis, expression control manipulates a set of voice features related to a particular emotion, style, or singer. Also known as performance modeling, it has been approached from different perspectives and for different purposes, and different projects have shown a wide extent of applicability. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of approaches to expression control in singing voice synthesis. We introduce some musical applications that use singing voice synthesis techniques to justify the need for an accurate control of expression. Then, expression is defined and related to speech and instrument performance modeling. Next, we present the commonly studied set of voice parameters that can change perceptual aspects of synthesized voices. After that, we provide an up-to-date classification, comparison, and description of a selection of approaches to expression control. Then, we describe how these approaches are currently evaluated and discuss the benefits of building a common evaluation framework and adopting perceptually-motivated objective measures. Finally, we discuss the challenges that we currently foresee.
Microlitre scale solution processing for controlled, rapid fabrication of chemically derived graphene thin films (2012)

We report a new class of rapid solution processes for fabricating highly uniform chemically derived graphene thin films with control over the thickness on the subnanometre scale. The film deposition directly on various substrates is driven by dragging a meniscus of microlitre graphene oxide (GO) suspension trapped between two plates. The fine tuning of the optoelectronic properties of the graphene thin films is achieved by simply varying the number of depositions, GO concentration, dragging speed, and angle between two plates. This coating technique is simple, inexpensive, and easy to scale for large-area graphene films used as transparent electrodes with a significant reduction of the material consumption.
Improvement of neurological deficits in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats after transplantation with allogeneic simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene-induced immortalized dopamine cells (1998)

The replacement of dopamine (DA) by DA neuron transplants in the treatment of advanced Parkinson disease (PD) is a rational approach. Because of limitations associated with fetal tissue transplants, a clone (1RB3AN27) of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (LTa) gene-induced immortalized DA neurons were used in this study. These allogeneic immortalized dopamine neurons, when grafted into striata of normal rats, did not divide, did not form tumors, did not produce LTa, did not extend neurites to host neurons, and were not rejected, for as long as 13 months after transplantation. Grafted cells when recultured in vitro resumed cell proliferation and LTa production, suggesting the presence of a LTa gene-inhibiting factor in the brain. The grafting of undifferentiated and differentiated 1RB3AN27 cells or differentiated murine neuroblastoma (NBP2) cells into striata of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats (an animal model of PD) caused a time-dependent improvement in neurological deficits (reduction in the methamphetamine-induced turning rate). At 3 months after transplantation, 100% of the animals receiving differentiated 1RB3AN27 cells, 63% of the animals receiving undifferentiated 1RB3AN27 cells, 56% of the animals receiving differentiated NBP2 cells, and 0% of the sham-transplanted animals showed improvements in neurological deficits. At 6 months after transplantation, there was a progressive increase in spontaneous recovery in sham-transplanted animals. These results suggest that immortalized DA neurons should be further studied for their potential use in transplant therapy in advanced PD patients.
Note: The intermodulation lockin analyzer (2011)

Nonlinear systems can be probed by driving them with two or more pure tones while measuring the intermodulation products of the drive tones in the response. We describe a digital lockin analyzer which is designed explicitly for this purpose. The analyzer is implemented on a field-programmable gate array, providing speed in analysis, real-time feedback, and stability in operation. The use of the analyzer is demonstrated for intermodulation atomic force microscopy. A generalization of the intermodulation spectral technique to arbitrary drive waveforms is discussed.
Use of neural networks in modeling semiconductor manufacturing processes: an example for plasma etch modeling (1993)

System modeling using the plasma etch process is used as a vehicle to demonstrate the application of adaptive nonlinear neural networks in complex process modeling. The system is an active manufacturing process for tantalum silicide plasma gate etching. The model is for a single process recipe, a single technology (1.25 mu m), and a single machine. The model uses a few process signatures to successfully predict the oxide remaining (within 7 AA). The model is pattern density invariant. It is demonstrated that the backpropagation algorithm is adequate for building neural network models of complex nonlinear processes using production databases. The neural network model has a correlation of 0.68 while the statistical model has a correlation of 0.45.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Airy Beams for Light-sheet Microscopy (2015)

Journal Article Airy Beams for Light-sheet Microscopy Get access Jonathan Nylk, Jonathan Nylk SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zhengyi Yang, Zhengyi Yang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Miguel Preciado, Miguel Preciado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael Mazilu, Michael Mazilu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tom Vettenburg, Tom Vettenburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clara Coll-Llado, Clara Coll-Llado School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David E K Ferrier, David E K Ferrier School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tomas Cizmar, Tomas Cizmar Present address: School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Frank J Gunn-Moore, Frank J Gunn-Moore School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kishan Dholakia Kishan Dholakia SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 21, Issue S3, 1 August 2015, Pages 1723–1724, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927615009393 Published: 23 September 2015
Clinical Laboratory Utility of a Humanized Antibody in Commercially Available Enzyme Immunoassays for Coccidioidomycosis (2022)

Coccidioidomycosis, also called valley fever (VF), is a fungal infection with endemicity in desert regions of the western United States as well as certain arid regions of Central and South America. Laboratory-based diagnosis of VF often relies on the composite results from three serologic-based diagnostics, complement fixation, immunodiffusion, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). EIA is commonly performed in clinical laboratories because results can be obtained in a few hours. Two commercially available EIAs, IMMY clarus <i>Coccidioides</i> antibody and Meridian Premier <i>Coccidioides</i>, look for the presence of anticoccidioidal IgG and IgM in patient sera that are diluted 1:441. Per regulatory requirements, this dilution step must be verified with a dilution step control despite not being provided as a reagent in either FDA-approved EIA kit. Therefore, clinical laboratories collect and reuse patient sera in subsequent tests that had a positive result in a previous test. This is a nonstandard process, reinforcing the need for a consistent and reliable dilution control. Here, we evaluate the performance of a humanized IgG and IgM antibody as a dilution control in both EIA kits. Both humanized IgG and IgM work well in each EIA and meet the appropriate threshold for positivity. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> In southwestern and western regions of the United States, at least half a million diagnostic tests for coccidioidomycosis (valley fever) are run annually. Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are blood tests which require precise dilution of patient serum prior to testing. To ensure patient serum is properly diluted, there is a regulatory requirement to ensure the dilution step is accurate. Two FDA-approved EIAs used to aid in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis do not contain controls for this dilution step, leaving clinical laboratories with the only option of using previously positive patient sera, which may not react in a reliable or predictable manner. Here, we evaluate a humanized monoclonal antibody against a coccidioidal antigen and its utility as a dilution control in both available commercial EIAs. The use of a humanized monoclonal antibody provides a standardized and well-characterized dilution control for use in serological assays that aid in diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis.
Fiber Aided Wireless Network Architecture (2011)

We introduce the concept of a fiber aided wireless network architecture (FAWNA), which allows high-speed mobile connectivity by leveraging the speed of optical networks. Specifically, we consider a single-input, multiple-output (SIMO) FAWNA, which consists of a SIMO wireless channel interfaced with an optical fiber channel through wireless-optical interfaces. We propose a design where the received wireless signal at each interface is sampled and quantized before being sent over the fiber. The capacity of our scheme approaches the capacity of the architecture, exponentially with fiber capacity. We also show that for a given fiber capacity, there is an optimal operating wireless bandwidth and number of interfaces. We show that the optimal way to divide the fiber capacity among the interfaces is to ensure that each interface gets enough rate so that its noise is dominated by front end noise rather than by quantizer distortion. We also show that rather than dynamically change rate allocation based on channel state, a less complex, fixed rate allocation scheme can be adopted with very small loss in performance.
Stabilising visualisation by reducing camera movements in virtual colonoscopy methods (2020)

In virtual colonoscopy (VC) approaches, cameras are moved along the centerline of a colon to visualise its inner surface. The orientation of each camera depends on its position and the optical axis (look-at) and view up vectors control the camera direction. However, the look-at and view-up vectors are changing at each position along the centerline due to bending and torsion in the colon surface. Therefore, this rough camera movement generates an unsmooth image sequence (i.e., large differences between consecutive frames), which is not comfortable to the observer’s eyes. To solve this problem, we propose a transformation method that embeds the 3D colon centerline into a 2D plane or a 1D line. We can use this transformation to stabilise the camera movement in different VC visualisation methods. We use the visualisation loss to quantify the feasibility of the proposed method by comparing the visualisation quality before and after applying the proposed transformation.
The New Kallikrein-like Gene, KLK-L2 (1999)

Since in rodents the kallikreins are represented by a large multi-gene family, the restriction of this family in humans to three genes is somewhat surprising. In an effort to identify new human kallikrein genes, we examined a genomic area of about 300 kilobases on chromosome 19q13.3-q13.4, a region that contains most of the currently known kallikreins. By using the positional candidate approach, we were able to identify a new gene named KLK-L2 (for kallikrein- like gene 2). Screening of human EST libraries allowed us to delineate the full genomic and cDNA structure of the new gene. KLK-L2 consists of 5 coding exons and 4 introns and has significant similarities to other members of the kallikrein multi-gene family. Homology studies suggest that the protein is likely secreted. KLK-L2 is expressed mainly in breast, brain, and testis and to a lesser extent in many other tissues. KLK-L2 is up-regulated by estrogens and progestins in the breast cancer cell line BT-474.
Advanced surface passivation of epitaxial boron emitters for high-efficiency ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells (2017)

In this work, we demonstrated an enhanced surface passivation of epitaxially grown boron-doped Si emitters by replacing thermal SiO2 as a passivation layer employed in a 15.9% efficient 21-µm Si solar cell (88 cm2) on stainless steel with a remote-plasma atomic layer deposition (ALD) of an Al2O3 film. A thin Al2O3 film deposited by remote-plasma ALD was very effective at reducing the emitter saturation current density (J0e) of epitaxial p+-emitter to 16.2 fA/cm2, compared to the J0e of 184.9 fA/cm2 by thermal SiO2 films. This reduction in J0e enables an increase in an implied open-circuit voltage (iVoc) from 630 to 688 mV. Quokka simulation shows that about a 1.1% absolute efficiency increase in the calculated baseline efficiency of a 15.1% of the ultrathin Si solar cell can be achievable by enhancing emitter surface passivation without changing the concentration in either the epi-emitter or epi-base. Finally, our results show that a high efficiency of 17.3% can be reached from the calculated baseline efficiency of 15.1% using the optimized conditions of an epitaxially grown emitter in combination with increasing the base doping concentration and improved base recombination lifetime.
Ring Size of Somatostatin Analogues (ODT-8) Modulates Receptor Selectivity and Binding Affinity (2008)

The synthesis, biological testing, and NMR studies of several analogues of H-c[Cys (3)-Phe (6)-Phe (7)-DTrp (8)-Lys (9)-Thr (10)-Phe (11)-Cys (14)]-OH (ODT-8, a pan-somatostatin analogue, 1) have been performed to assess the effect of changing the stereochemistry and the number of atoms in the disulfide bridge on binding affinity. Cysteine at positions 3 and/or 14 (somatostatin numbering) were/was substituted with d-cysteine, norcysteine, D-norcysteine, homocysteine, and/or D-homocysteine. The 3D structure analysis of selected partially selective, bioactive analogues (3, 18, 19, and 21) was carried out in dimethylsulfoxide. Interestingly and not unexpectedly, the 3D structures of these analogues comprised the pharmacophore for which the analogues had the highest binding affinities (i.e., sst 4 in all cases).
Cell for testing passive remote-sensing vapor detectors (1995)

There is a requirement for the controlled testing of passive infrared remote-sensing vapor detectors. The driving mechanism for the operation of these sensors is the small temperature difference ΔT that occurs between the target vapor and the background. Natural ΔT's, ranging from a fraction of a degree Kelvin to 20 K or more, have to be duplicated in the laboratory with the vapor contained in a cell. It is shown that the windows of the cell nonlinearly affect the measurements. A proposal is made for a new type of vapor cell, the ectocell, which effectively eliminates the window problems for differential measurements.