gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Extraction and Analysis of Volatile Solutes with an Effervescent Tablet (2020)

Extraction of volatile compounds from complex liquid matrices is a critical step in volatile compound analysis workflows. Recently, green chemistry principles are increasingly implemented in extraction processes. Some of the available approaches are solvent-free but still require concentration or trapping of analytes. Here, we propose effervescent tablet-induced extraction (ETIE) as a method of transferring volatile/semivolatile compounds from liquid matrices to the gas phase for analysis. This technique relies on the release of carbon dioxide produced in situ during a neutralization reaction, which occurs when a tablet is inserted into an aqueous sample matrix. In this process, many bubbles of carbon dioxide are instantly formed in the sample matrix. The bubbles rapidly extract and liberate volatile compounds from the sample. The gaseous effluent is then immediately transferred to a detector (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) or gas chromatography (GC) hyphenated with MS). ETIE-GC-MS can be used for analysis of volatile compounds present in real samples. The method was validated for analysis of selected ethyl esters present in a yogurt drink. The calibration data set was linear over a range from 5 × 10<sup>-7</sup> to 1 × 10<sup>-5</sup> M. The limits of detection ranged from 1.51 × 10<sup>-7</sup> to 6.82 × 10<sup>-7</sup> M, while the recoveries ranged from 71 to 118%. Inter- and intraday precision of selected ethyl esters in aqueous solution was satisfactory (relative standard deviation, 3.6-18.3%). Furthermore, it is shown that ETIE improves the performance of headspace solid-phase microextraction while eliminating the need for heating and shaking samples.
A human VE-cadherin-tdTomato and CD43-green fluorescent protein dual reporter cell line for study endothelial to hematopoietic transition (2016)

Human embryonic stem cell line WA01 was genetically modified using zinc-finger nucleases and the PiggyBac/transponson system to introduce a fluorescence reporter for VE-cadherin (VEC; tdTomato) and CD43 (eGFP). Phenotypic and functional assays for pluripotency revealed the modified hES cell reporter lines remained normal. When the cells were differentiated into hematoendothelial lineages, either by directed differentiation or direct reprogramming, flow cytometric and fluorescence microscopy showed that VEC+ endothelial cells express tdTomato and CD43+ hematopoietic progenitors express eGFP.
A Small Molecule Compound Targeting STAT3 DNA-Binding Domain Inhibits Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion (2014)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays important roles in multiple aspects of cancer aggressiveness including migration, invasion, survival, self-renewal, angiogenesis, and tumor cell immune evasion by regulating the expression of multiple downstream target genes. STAT3 is constitutively activated in many malignant tumors and its activation is associated with high histological grade and advanced cancer stages. Thus, inhibiting STAT3 promises an attracting strategy for treatment of advanced and metastatic cancers. Herein, we identified a STAT3 inhibitor, inS3-54, by targeting the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 using an improved virtual screening strategy. InS3-54 preferentially suppresses proliferation of cancer over non-cancer cells and inhibits migration and invasion of malignant cells. Biochemical analyses show that inS3-54 selectively inhibits STAT3 binding to DNA without affecting the activation and dimerization of STAT3. Furthermore, inS3-54 inhibits expression of STAT3 downstream target genes and STAT3 binding to chromatin in situ. Thus, inS3-54 represents a novel probe for development of specific inhibitors targeting the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 and a potential therapeutic for cancer treatments.
The SAFE System®: New Instrumentation and Methodology to Improve Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) (2004)

1. James A. Harris, MD[*][1] <!-- --> 1. *Disclosure: Owner of patent and trademark for the device and system described. 2. Englewood, Colorado The technique of follicular unit extraction (FUE) and the FOX® procedure and test as described by Drs. Rassman et al.[1][2] has added an additional
Fast band diagram simulation of 2D periodic scatterers using surface integral equations with broadband Green's function (2016)

A novel approach of broadband Green's function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL)has recently been developed to calculate the band diagrams of two dimensional (2D) periodic structures using surface integral equations [1-3]. The surface integral equation takes the periodic Green's function as the propagator, provides the exact multiple scattering solution to the problem. A low wavenumber component is extracted from the periodic Green's function, leaving the remaining part fast convergent with respect to the number of Bloch waves needed in spectral domain. The periodic Green's function is only evaluated once at the selected low wavenumber. The choice of the low wavenumber is shown to be robust. The remainder, designated as the broadband periodic Green's function, has very simple and separable wavenumber dependence, can be readily evaluated over a broad band of wavenumbers. The surface integral equation is then discretized using the method of moments (MoM) and subsequently converted into a linear eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalues of the linear system correspond to multiple bands of the periodic structure and are solved all at once. The application of MoM makes the approach applicable to any shape of the geometry, any dielectric contrast, and any scatterer filling ratio. The boundary representation of the scatterer significantly reduces the number of unknowns comparing to volumetric discretization as in the finite element method (FEM) and is free of staircase representation errors as encountered in the plane wave expansion method [4] and the finite difference method in time domain (FDTD). The plane wave method is also reported to converge slowly with high permittivity contrast and filling ratio [5].
A fluorescence in situ hybridization-based assay for improved detection of lung cancer cells in bronchial washing specimens (2002)

The data indicate a potential utility of the FISH assay as an adjunct to bronchial washing cytology in routine clinical practice.
An oximeter for measuring hemoglobin concentration and oxygen content (1989)

We have developed an oximeter that measures both the total hemoglobin concentration in whole blood and the percentage of the hemoglobin saturated with oxygen. The oximeter uses red and infrared light-emitting diodes to illuminate a capillary tube filled with a sample of whole blood. Light scattered by the blood travels a short distance down the length of the capillary tube and reaches a photodetector, the output of which is amplified, digitized, and fed into a microprocessor. The microprocessor computes the total hemoglobin concentration as a nonlinear function of the infrared light intensity. Oxyhemoglobin saturation is computed from the ratio of the logarithms of the intensities of red and infrared light. Our instrument has the following advantages over existing oximeters: 1) it provides a measurement of total hemoglobin concentration, 2) it is immune to the calibration shifts that fluctuations in total hemoglobin concentration cause in other oximeters, 3) it is accurate over a wide range of oxygen saturation, and 4) the blood samples are not diluted and can thus be preserved for further analysis. A detailed parts list and circuit diagram are presented, and sources of error are discussed.
A New Candidate Material for Use in Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (Fram) (2002)

There are several important reliability issues that have hindered the commercialization of ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM). SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) thin films have attracted much attention due to their fatigue-free properties for the FRAM applications. Recently, in elucidating the origin of the fatigue-free properties, we found that Ladoping in Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 films can increase the chemical stability of the oxygen ions, resulting in fatigue-free characteristics. In addition to the excellent characteristics, the (Bi,La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BLT) films were found to have good properties for FRAM applications, including a low processing temperature and a large remnant polarization value. More recently, we also found that the BLT films have good retention properties and high resistance against hydrogen damages below 350°C. These properties suggest that the BLT films should be a new candidate material for FRAM.
Design of catheter for combined intravascular photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging (2008)

Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging aims to detect and differentiate atherosclerotic plaques based on the optical absorption of the plaque constituents. From the high resolution IVPA images and the corresponding co-registered intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images, functional and structural information about the atherosclerotic plaque can be acquired and, therefore, the vulnerability of the atherosclerotic plaque may be determined. Moreover, by using the plasmonic nanoparticles as contrast agents, IVPA images can capture the molecular and cellular signature of the atherosclerotic plaque. However, for in-vivo IVUS/IVPA imaging, an integrated catheter consisting of IVUS imaging transducer and an intravascular light delivery system is needed. In this paper, a prototype of the integrated catheter for IVUS/IVPA imaging was constructed based on a commercially available single element IVUS imaging catheter and an optical fiber. The integrated imaging catheter was tested using the tissue mimicking phantoms. The results of our study suggest that the integrated imaging catheter for in-vivo IVUS/IVPA imaging can be designed based on ultrasound probe combined with a fiber optical light delivery system.
SELF-DOPING CONTACTS TO SILICON USING SILVER COATED WITH A DOPANT SOURCE (2000)

A contact system for silicon solar cells is described in which silver is coated with a layer of dopant and alloyed with silicon, thereby simultaneously doping the silicon substrate and forming a low-resistance ohmic contact to it. The concept has been demonstrated using evaporated silver with commercially available phosphorus and boron liquid dopants. Silicon surface topography, along with I-V and SlMS analyses all indicate that the Ag-Si eutectic temperature (835°C) must be exceeded and the dopant coating must be present for the contact to be self-doping. The concept has also been implemented in the form of screen-printable silver pastes with phosphorus. A fritless version of the paste exhibited only 3 mR-cm2 contact resistance directly to 7 0-cm n-type dendritic web silicon. For contacting lightly-doped n+ layers (< 100 WO) through SiNx, a fritted version is used. The resultant contact metal is highly conductive (3 pCl-cm) and solderable. No carrier lifetime degradation associated with the alloying process has been observed in dendritic web silicon solar cells.
Tunneling High-Resolution Color Content through 4:2:0 HEVC and AVC Video Coding Systems (2013)

We present a method to convey high-resolution color (4:4:4) video content through a video coding system designed for chroma-sub sampled (4:2:0) operation. The method operates by packing the samples of a 4:4:4 frame into two frames that are then encoded as if they were ordinary 4:2:0 content. After being received and decoded, the packing process is reversed to recover a 4:4:4 video frame. As 4:2:0 is the most widely supported digital color format, the described scheme provides an effective way of transporting 4:4:4 content through existing mass-market encoders and decoders, for applications such as coding of screen content. The described packing arrangement is designed such that the spatial correspondence and motion vector displacement relationships between the nominally-luma and nominally-chroma components are preserved. The use of this scheme can be indicated by a metadata tag such as the frame packing arrangement supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message defined in the HEVC and AVC (Rec. ITU-T H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10) video coding standards. In this context the scheme would operate in a similar manner as is commonly used for packing the two views of stereoscopic 3D video for compatible encoding. The technique can also be extended to transport 4:2:2 video through 4:2:0 systems or 4:4:4 video through 4:2:2 systems.
Characterization of <i>cis</i>-Acting Elements Regulating Transcription from the Promoter of a Constitutively Active Rice Actin Gene (1992)

The promoter of the constitutively expressed rice (Oryza sativa) actin 1 gene (Act1) is highly active in transformed rice plants (W. Zhang, D. McElroy, and R. Wu, Plant Cell 3:1150-1160, 1991). A region 834 bp upstream of the Act1 transcription initiation site contains all the regulatory elements necessary for maximal gene expression in transformed rice protoplasts (D. McElroy, W. Zhang, J. Cao, and R. Wu, Plant Cell 2:163-171, 1990). We have constructed a series of Act1 promoter deletions fused to a bacterial beta-glucuronidase reporter sequence (Gus). Transient expression assays in transformed rice protoplasts, as well as transformed maize cells and tissues, identified two distinct cis-acting regulatory elements in the Act1 promoter. A 38-bp poly(dA-dT) region was found to be a positive regulator of Act1 promoter activity. Deletion of the poly(dA-dT) element lowered Gus expression by at least threefold compared with expression produced by the full-length Act1 promoter. By gel retardation and footprinting, we identified a ubiquitous rice protein which specifically recognizes this poly(dA-dT) element in the constitutively active Act1 promoter. A CCCAA pentamer repeat-containing region was found to be a negative regulator of the Act1 promoter in transformed rice protoplasts. Transient expression assays in different maize cells and tissues with use of the Act1 deletion constructs suggested that the CCCAA pentamer repeat region functions in a complex tissue-specific manner. A CCCAA-binding protein was detected only in root extracts.
Improved quantum annealer performance from oscillating transverse fields (2017)

Quantum annealing is a promising application of quantum hardware for solving hard classical optimization problems. The runtime of the quantum annealing algorithm, in absence of noise or other effects such as the constructive interference of multiple diabatic crossings, and at constant adiabatic evolution rate, is proportional to the inverse minimum gap squared. In this article, we show that for a large class of problem Hamiltonians, one can improve in the runtime of a quantum annealer (relative to minimum gap squared scaling) by adding local oscillating fields, which are not amenable to efficient classical simulation. For many hard $N$-qubit problems these fields can act to reduce the difficulty exponent of the problem, providing a polynomial runtime improvement. We argue that the resulting speedup should be robust against local qubit energy fluctuations, in contrast to variable-rate annealing, which is not. We consider two classes of hard first order transition (the Grover problem and $N$-spin transitions between polarized semiclassical states), and provide analytical arguments and numerical evidence to support our claims. The oscillating fields themselves can be added through current flux-qubit based hardware by simply incorporating oscillating electric and magnetic lines, and could thus be implemented immediately.
Causal Inference for Early Detection of Pathogenic Social Media Accounts (2018)

Pathogenic social media accounts such as terrorist supporters exploit communities of supporters for conducting attacks on social media. Early detection of PSM accounts is crucial as they are likely to be key users in making a harmful message "viral". This paper overviews my recent doctoral work on utilizing causal inference to identify PSM accounts within a short time frame around their activity. The proposed scheme (1) assigns time-decay causality scores to users, (2) applies a community detection-based algorithm to group of users sharing similar causality scores and finally (3) deploys a classification algorithm to classify accounts. Unlike existing techniques that require network structure, cascade path, or content, our scheme relies solely on action log of users.
Enhanced Mean Retrieval Score Estimation for Query Performance Prediction (2017)

We study the problem of mean retrieval score estimation for query performance prediction (QPP). We propose an enhanced estimator which estimates the mean based on calibrated retrieval scores. Each document score is adjusted based on features that model potential tradeoffs that may exist in the retrieval process of that specific document. Using the proposed estimator, we derive several previously suggested QPP methods, from which we gather an initial set of calibration features. Based on these features and few additional ones, we propose two estimator instantiations. Using an evaluation over several TREC benchmarks, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our estimation approach.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: The Molecule and the Mimic (1995)

Our understanding of the immunobiology of PBC has dramatically changed with the application of molecular biology to clinical medicine. Because of the molecular characterization and identification of the mitochondrial autoantigens, it is now possible to define explicitly mitochondrial autoantigens and examine recognition sites at the primary sequence level. In addition, the expression of cloned antigens has facilitated the development of more reliable assays for mitochondrial autoantibodies. The use of cloned recombinant antigens should, one day, replace the traditional AMA immunofluorescence for diagnostic assays. Possible genetic and environmental factors associated with risk for PBC can also be investigated. It is now also possible to begin the task to defining the role of T cells in the immunopathology of PBC and exploring the issue of whether specific immunotherapy is feasible. There is increasing evidence that PDC-E2 or a similar molecule is located on the cell membrane of biliary epithelial cells. The mechanism for this expression remains to be studied. The explosion of data in PBC is an example of the application of new techniques to investigate old problems. This has occurred because of networking between laboratories in many countries and the generous exchange of sera and donation of livers removed at transplantation. Unfortunately, there is no animal model for PBC; if an animal model was found it would have major importance. Finally, we emphasize the need to study patients early in the course of disease in order to define the events that initiate pathology.
Quadrupole ion traps and a new era of evolution (2004)

Abstract Quadrupole ion traps have evolved from an interesting tool used by a handful of physicists to study fundamental properties of trapped ions to a uniquely powerful mass spectrometer widely used for determining the structure and sequence of biological and nonbiological samples. As a mass spectrometer, the quadrupole ion traps' unique features include the ability to perform rapid and highly efficient MS n analysis for detailed structural analysis while maintaining high duty cycles even for full scan mass analysis. This makes quadrupole ion traps one of the most sensitive types of mass spectrometers for qualitative analysis and is the foundation for their success. Quadrupole ion trap technology is now entering a new era based on the evolution of the traditional three‐dimensional ion trap into a two‐dimensional linear ion trap. With this evolution comes a significant leap in the overall fundamental performance characteristics and also the promise for further future capabilities.
New perspectives in the pharmacotherapy of erectile dysfunction. (2003)

Current classification of pharmacological treatments for erectile dysfunction distinguishes between central and peripheral "initiators" and "conditioners" of erection. However, such taxonomy does not take into account the impact on the couple, the ultimate recipient of the treatment. For this reason, we propose here a new, couple-based sexological taxonomy, which divides pharmacotherapies into "harmonious" and "non-harmonious". New treatments and more effective drugs are expected in the near future because of the rapid expansion of research into erection regulation mechanisms and epidemiological studies.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Influenza Virus. V. Evaluation in Man of an Additional ts Recombinant Virus with a 39 C Shutoff Temperature (1974)

Two recombinant temperature-sensitive (ts) influenza A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) viruses that exhibited a marked decrease in efficiency of plaque formation at 39 C but that had lesions in different cistrons of the influenza A virus genome were evaluated for level of virulence in man. Both viruses retained the capacity to cause mild influenzal illness that was less severe than that caused by wild-type virus but more severe than that of the candidate influenza A/HK/68-ts-1[E] vaccine virus. These studies indicated that two viruses with similar temperature sensitivity but different genetic lesions had a similar level of attenuation for man. This observation supports the suggestion that it is the degree of defectiveness, i.e., temperature sensitivity, of a mutant virus and not the loss of a specific biochemical function that is the determinant of attenuation of these viruses for man.
11.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Switchable Reflective Displays Formed from Holographic Polymer‐Dispersed Liquid Crystals (H‐PDLCs) (2000)

Abstract Holographically formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H‐PDLC) films show excellent promise in the development of switchable transmissive and reflective diffractive optical elements. The use of holographic photopolymerization allows for the development of spatially periodic gratings of nano‐scale sized LC domains. Reflection gratings exhibiting blue, green or red colors can be routinely fabricated and electrical switching has been demonstrated. Reflective H‐PDLCs have been investigated in terms of their electro‐optical performance parameters and their potential as a viable display system. These films exhibit low switching fields, high contrast ratios, high transmission in the on and off states and fast switching speeds on the order of microseconds. The state of the art performance levels and existing challenges in this new technology are broadly discussed.
A Bifunctional Bulky Thienothiophene Derivative; Synthesis, Electronic‐Optical Properties and OLED Applications (2020)

Abstract Applying thienothiophenes (TT) as a linker, a bulky bifunctional thienothiophene, TT‐TPA‐TPE3 , possessing triphenylamine (TPA) and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units, was designed, synthesized, and fully characterized. Its optical and electronic properties were explained by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) study. TT‐TPA‐TPE3 exhibited positive solvatochromism in the range of solvent polarities from DMF to toluene, displaying emissions from yellowish to bluish between 480–525 nm. Utilizing TT‐TPA‐TPE3 as a hole‐transporting layer, its organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) were fabricated and their performances were investigated. The synthesized emitter exhibited green and blue emissions in device applications. A mega Stoke's shift of 114 nm in THF and a large Stoke's shift of 78 nm on ITO were observed. A maximum luminance of 580 cd m −2 and a turn‐on voltage of 7.01 V were obtained, indicating that TT‐TPA‐TPE3 has a good hole‐transporting ability.