gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Methylcellulose Hydrogel as Support for 3D Plotting of Complex Shaped Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds (2018)

3D plotting is an additive manufacturing technology enabling biofabrication, thus the integration of cells or biologically sensitive proteins or growth factors into the manufacturing process. However, most (bio-)inks developed for 3D plotting were not shown to be processed into clinically relevant geometries comprising critical overhangs and cavities, which would collapse without a sufficient support material. Herein, we have developed a support hydrogel ink based on methylcellulose (mc), which is able to act as support as long as the co-plotted main structure is not stable. Therefore, 6 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> %, 8 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> % and 10 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> % mc were allowed to swell in water, resulting in viscous inks, which were characterized for their rheological and extrusion properties. The successful usage of 10 <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> % mc as support ink was proven by multichannel plotting of the support together with a plottable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) acting as main structure. CPC scaffolds displaying critical overhangs or a large central cavity could be plotted accurately with the newly developed mc support ink. The dissolution properties of mc allowed complete removal of the gel without residuals, once CPC setting was finished. Finally, we fabricated a scaphoid bone model by computed tomography data acquisition and co-extrusion of CPC and the mc support hydrogel.
Statin-Induced Expression of Decay-Accelerating Factor Protects Vascular Endothelium Against Complement-Mediated Injury (2002)

Complement-mediated vascular injury is important in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Because recent evidence shows that statins have beneficial effects on endothelial cell (EC) function independent of lipid lowering, we explored the hypothesis that statins modulate vascular EC resistance to complement through the upregulation of complement-inhibitory proteins. Human umbilical vein and aortic ECs were treated with atorvastatin or simvastatin, and decay-accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein, and CD59 expression was measured by flow cytometry. A dose-dependent increase in DAF expression of up to 4-fold was seen 24 to 48 hours after treatment. Statin-induced upregulation of DAF required increased steady-state mRNA and de novo protein synthesis. L-Mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate reversed the effect, confirming the role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition and suggesting that constitutive DAF expression is negatively regulated by geranylgeranylation. Neither farnesyl pyrophosphate nor squalene inhibited statin-induced DAF expression, suggesting that the effect is independent of cholesterol lowering. Statin-induced DAF upregulation was mediated by the activation of protein kinase Calpha and inhibition of RhoA and was independent of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and NO activity. The increased DAF expression was functionally effective, resulting in significant reduction of C3 deposition and complement-mediated lysis of antibody-coated ECs. These observations provide evidence for a novel cytoprotective action of statins on vascular endothelium that is independent of the effect on lipids and results in enhanced protection against complement-mediated injury. Modulation of complement regulatory protein expression may contribute to the early beneficial effects of statins in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with atherosclerosis.
Nuclear Factor-κB Contributes to Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas through Up-Regulation of miR-146a (2010)

Our results show that NF-kappaB contributes to anaplastic thyroid cancer up-regulating the expression of miR-146a.
Size-Resolved Kinetic Measurements of Aluminum Nanoparticle Oxidation with Single Particle Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Aluminum nanoparticles are being considered as a possible fuel in advanced energetic materials application. Of considerable interest therefore is a knowledge of just how reactive these materials are, and what the effect of size on reactivity is. In this paper we describe results of size resolved oxidation rate using a recently developed quantitative single particle mass spectrometer (SPMS). Aluminum nanoparticles used were either generated by DC Arc discharge or laser ablation, or by use of commercial aluminum nanopowders. These particles were oxidized in an aerosol flow reactor in air for specified various temperatures (25-1100 degrees C), and subsequently sampled by the SPMS. The mass spectra obtained were used to quantitatively determine the elemental composition of individual particles and their size. We found that the reactivity of aluminum nanoparticles is enhanced with decreasing primary particle size. Aluminum nanoparticles produced from the DC Arc, which produced the smallest primary particle size (approximately 19 nm), were found to be the most reactive (approximately 68% aluminum nanoparticles completely oxidized to aluminum oxide at 900 degrees C). In contrast, nanopowders with primary particle size greater than approximately 50 nm were not fully oxidized even at 1100 degrees C (approximately 4%). The absolute rates observed were found to be consistent with an oxide diffusion controlled rate-limiting step. We also determined the size-dependent diffusion-limited rate constants and Arrehenius parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor). We found that as the particle size decreases, the rate constant increases and the activation energy decreases. This work provides a quantification of the known pyrophoric nature of fine metal particles.
A versatile 0.13 μm CMOS platform technology supporting high performance and low power applications (2002)

A modular 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS platform has been developed to support a wide range of applications, including embedded non-volatile memory (NVM). The high performance core device with a 18 /spl Aring/ gate oxide supports the high end needs of the technology. In addition, medium performance and low leakage 25 /spl Aring/ devices are provided in the technology platform to service the low power applications, with low off-state leakage. The peripheral I/O devices support both 2.5 V (50 /spl Aring/) and 3.3 V (70 /spl Aring/) interfaces. Gate lengths range from 110 to 80 nm. Optical enhancement techniques allow use of 248 nm KrF lithography to meet the patterning needs. The interconnect technology allows for two low-k dielectric options with K-values in the range from 2.9 to 3.6. Aggressive design rules, fully compatible with 248 nm KrF systems allow for high logic densities and a 2.48 um/sup 2/ 6T embedded SRAM cell. The technology has been exercised using a 4MB SRAM test vehicle with good yields.
Oxygen Storage Capability of Brownmillerite-type Ca<sub>2</sub>AlMnO<sub>5+δ</sub> and Its Application to Oxygen Enrichment (2013)

The oxygen storage capability was investigated for Ca2(AlxMn1–x)2O5+δ (0.50 ≤ x ≤ 0.67) with a Brownmillerite-type structure. This oxide can store/release a large amount of excess oxygen (∼3.0 wt %) topotactically in response to variations in temperature and the surrounding atmosphere in a highly reversible manner. The capacity and response of oxygen storage are remarkable only in the vicinity of x = 0.50, that is, Ca2AlMnO5+δ, and rapidly deteriorated as the Al content increases. Owing to the high sensitivity in terms of oxygen nonstoichiometry, Ca2AlMnO5+δ exhibits oxygen intake/release ability when temperature swing between 500 and 700 °C is applied. With this characteristic feature of this oxide, a facile method for oxygen enrichment is demonstrated.
LACTATION AND BREAST CANCER: EVIDENCE FOR A NEGATIVE ASSOCIATION IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN (1985)

The authors report a case-control study of breast cancer based on an analysis of data collected by interview between the years 1957-1965 from women residing in the communities of Buffalo and Kenmore, New York. Prior reproductive factors, including a detailed lactation history, were examined for 453 white females with breast cancer and 1,365 white females without breast cancer who were selected randomly from the population of Buffalo and Kenmore. There is evidence of a negative association between length of nursing and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women which is not seen in the postmenopausal women. This apparent "protective" effect of lactation persists after statistical control for the potential confounding factors of age, parity, age at first pregnancy, age at menarche, and education. Cases are more likely than controls to have reported unsuccessful lactations due to "insufficient milk." The findings of this study, in conjunction with the authors' review of previously published studies that have examined prior lactation as related to breast cancer risk, suggest that there may be an independent negative association between nursing and subsequent breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Whether this means that breast feeding is protective or that some women who are unsuccessful at lactation are at increased risk for subsequent breast cancer is not clear. A detailed reanalysis of existing data and more careful attention to detailed prior breast function/dysfunction in future studies are recommended.
Primary pulmonary hypertension and fenfluramine use. (1993)

Not all the risk factors for primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) are known. Appetite suppressants, including fenfluramine derivatives, are strongly suspected aetiological agents. In a 5 year retrospective study fenfluramine use was evaluated among patients referred to a medical centre specialising in the management of PPH. Fifteen (20%) of 73 patients with PPH had used fenfluramine: all of them were women and in 10 (67%) there was a close temporal relation between fenfluramine use and the development of exertional dyspnoea. Initial right heart catheterisation in the 15 women showed severe resting pulmonary hypertension (mean (SD)) with pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) 57 (9) mm Hg, cardiac index 2.1 (0.5) l/min/m2, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) 29 (10) U/m2. Short-term epoprostenol infusion produced a significant vasodilator response in 10 patients (mean fall in PVR 24 (15%) compared with control values). Three fenfluramine users with PPH showed spontaneous clinical and haemodynamic improvement 3, 6 and 12 months after drug withdrawal but there was no significant difference in overall survival (transplant recipients excluded) between fenfluramine users and controls. Histological examination of lung tissue from five women who had used fenfluramine and 22 controls, with PPH showed features typical of advanced plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in all. These results do not accord with earlier reports that PPH associated with fenfluramine is less severe and has a better outcome. Fenfluramine may be one aetiological agent that can precipitate or hasten the development of PPH. The results of a European case-control study should give new insights into risk factors for PPH and the cause and effect relation with fenfluramine.
[Separation and determination of tyramine by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography]. (2000)

The method for separation and determination of tyramine by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography has been established. The effects of mobile phase on mechanism of separation based on the ion interaction are discussed. Using C8 alkyl bonded phase and 40% methanol-water solution containing Trisperchlorate as pH buffer (adjusted pH to 7.9) and ion interaction reagent and applying p-toluene sulfonamide as internal standard substance, the tyramine obtained from decarboxylation of p-tyrosine was determined. The RSD of determination was 0.66%(n = 11). The recoveries of sample were between 99.33% and 100.38%.
Anne Fairbrother Hill: 'A Chaste and Elegant Dancer' (1991)

Anne Fairbrother Hill was a member of a popular 19th-century family of theatrical entertainers. Following a successful career as a dancer and ingénue in London and the provinces she came to America in the 1840s with her actor/manager husband, Charles Hill, and their three children. The Hills toured widely, but they also spent considerable time in Montreal and Toronto. Anne Hill was instrumental in introducing Canadian audiences to the rich repertoire of the Romantic ballet. A talented teacher, she opened very successful dance schools in both Toronto and Montreal, assisting amateurs in both cities to mount their own theatrical productions. In the 1860s she settled permanently in Montreal where she continued to appear on stage in character roles until shortly before her death.
Configurational variants of oncornavirus RNAs (1976)

Heating oncornavirus RNAs at temperatures insufficient for complete denaturation results in forms migrating between the native form (vRNA) and the completely denatured form (vRNA) after gel electrophoresis. Intermediate forms from Rous sarcoma virus or murine leukemia virus were isolated after heating of vRNA's at 58 degrees C and sedimenting in sucrose gradients, and at least four intermediates could be identified in each case. Melting of feline virus (RD-114) RNA produced one major intermediate which required a comparatively high temperature to denature, and a second intermediate occurring in conditions of low ionic strength. Although the subunit model for oncornavirus RNA is not excluded by these data, we propose that vRNA, vRNA', and intermediates may be configurational variants of the same molecule, and a monomer model for oncornavirus RNA is presented.
Mutations in <i>PMR1</i> suppress oxidative damage in yeast cells lacking superoxide dismutase (1995)

Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking a functional SOD1 gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) are sensitive to atmospheric levels of oxygen and are auxotrophic for lysine and methionine when grown in air. We have previously shown that these defects of SOD-deficient yeast cells can be overcome through mutations in either the BSD1 or BSD2 (bypass SOD defects) gene. In this study, the wild-type allele of BSD1 was cloned by functional complementation and was physically mapped to the left arm of chromosome VII. BSD1 is identical to PMR1, encoding a member of the P-type ATPase family that localizes to the Golgi apparatus. PMR1 is thought to function in calcium metabolism, and we provide evidence that PMR1 also participates in the homeostasis of manganese ions. Cells lacking a functional PMR1 gene accumulate elevated levels of intracellular manganese and are also extremely sensitive to manganese ion toxicity. We demonstrate that mutations in PMR1 bypass SOD deficiency through a mechanism that depends on extracellular manganese. Collectively, these findings indicate that oxidative damage in a eukaryotic cell can be prevented through alterations in manganese homeostasis.
Lipopolysaccharide-dependent induction of IL-10 receptor expression on murine fibroblasts. (1994)

Although various biologic activities of IL-10 have been identified, little is known about IL-10's molecular mechanism of action. Herein we report the characterization of IL-10R on different murine cell lines and demonstrate the LPS inducibility of this protein. With the use of purified recombinant murine IL-10 and labeled IL-10-specific mAb, IL-10Rs were detected by flow cytometry. Radioligand binding analyses showed that RAW264.7 cells expressed 238 +/- 87 receptors per cell and bound ligand with a single affinity of 8.3 +/- 2.4 x 10(9) M-1. Similar studies documented IL-10R expression on murine B cells (CH27) and CD4+ Th1 cells but not murine Th2 cells, L929 or WA-17 fibroblasts, or fibrosarcoma cells. Exposure of fibroblasts to LPS-induced cellular IL-10 binding activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Radioligand binding analyses performed on LPS-treated fibroblasts showed cellular expression of 325 +/- 59 IL-10 binding sites and a binding affinity of Ka = 7.5 +/- 2.5 x 10(8) M-1. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the induction of the IL-10R. Functional analyses of IL-10R-expressing cells revealed that IL-10 activated a cellular transcription factor in RAW264.7 cells that bound a DNA probe containing the IFN-gamma response region from the Fc gamma RI gene. In contrast, IL-10 did not induce gamma response region binding activity in L929 fibroblasts either treated with LPS or transfected with the murine IL-10R cDNA. These results thus indicate that cellular responses to IL-10 may be influenced by both the external environment and the presence of additional signaling components within the cell.
In Situ Coagulation of High‐Alumina Zero‐Cement Refractory Castables (2002)

Coagulation methods originally developed for colloidal processing were investigated in this paper as alternative approaches to consolidate high‐alumina refractory castables free of hydraulic binders (zero‐cement). Three in situ reactions based on the direct coagulation casting (DCC) technique were evaluated to promote castable coagulation: (1) the autocatalytic hydrolysis of gluconic acid lactone, (2) the gradual dissolution of hydroxyaluminum diacetate particles in water, and (3) the enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis of urea. The coagulating behavior of castables and matrix‐representative suspensions was investigated with the help of zeta potential analysis, pH measurements, castable free‐flow evaluation, and oscillatory rheological tests. The enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis of urea seemed to be the most appropriate mechanism to promote the coagulation of initially self‐flow zero‐cement refractory compositions.
Television Viewing Conditions at Home (2006)

A field survey and a web questionnaire survey were conducted for obtaining data about television viewing conditions at home. In the field survey, measurements were made concerning the illuminance and luminance of television screens and television viewing distances and angles for 275 viewing locations at 50 homes. In the web questionnaire survey, 290 families were asked about room size, present television screen size, desired television screen size, and viewing conditions. The results showed that the mean screen illuminance was 108 lx, and the mean luminance ratio of black and white was 72. The mean viewing distance was 266 cm, and the viewing-angle range was ±60 degrees from the horizontal, ±30 degrees from the vertical. Correlation analysis of screen sizes revealed that the best predictor of desired television screen size was the present television screen size.
FPGA realisation-based architecture for direction-of-arrival in wireless communication (2017)

A signal processing technique used in sensor arrays for directional signal transmission or reception is known as beamforming. By combining elements in a phased array beamforming is achieved. This is done in such a way that, signals at particular angles experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. To detect and calculate the signal-of-interest at the output of a sensor array by means of the most desirable spatial filtering and interference rejection, adaptive beamforming is used. But, before beamforming technique, the directions of desired users and undesired users or interferes must be prevailed using a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm. This paper presents FPGA realisation-based design of a smart antenna system based on DOA estimation algorithm using Xilinx system generator (XSG). MUSIC algorithm is considered in this paper to identify the DOA of the input signals incident on the sensor array comprising the smart antenna system. The MUSIC algorithm is a simple and effective eigen structure method of DOA estimation. With this approach, the results of proposed simulated FPGA design of a smart antenna system shows effective hardware utilisation.
Purification of the influenza hemagglutinin glycoprotein and characterization of its carbohydrate components (1978)

Hemagglutinin from influenza A/PR8 virus was purified after treatment of the virus with sodium deoxycholate followed by extraction with tri-n-butyl phosphate. This fully disrupted the virus while preserving hemagglutinating activity. The hemagglutinin was obtained in the form of small aggregates that could be separated from other viral components. Purified hemagglutinin was hydrolyzed to determine carbohydrate composition and digested with Pronase to analyze oligosaccharide structures. Sugars present in the hemagglutinin were galactose, mannose, fucose, and glucosamine in molar rates of about 6:11:2:5, and these comprised 16% of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein. Oligosaccharides obtained from virus included a major component of a molecular weight of 2,800, composed of glucosamine, galactose, mannose, and fucose, and a minor heterogenous component of a molecular weight of 1,500 to 2,000, containing predominantly mannose. The 2,800-molecular-weight oligosaccharide was a constituent of the hemagglutinin, and treatment of this large oligosaccharide with specific exo-glycosidases demonstrated the presence of terminal galactose and fucose and allowed the deduction of a general structure for this component.
Mapping the transcription termination region of the mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene (1986)

To define the transcription termination region of the mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene, they have subcloned single copy DNA sequences corresponding to both the template and the non-template strands of this locus. In vitro nuclear transcription with isolated MPC-11 nuclei was performed and the resulting /sup 32/P-labeled RNA was hybridized to slot-blotted, single-stranded M13 probes covering regions within and flanking the kappa gene. The hybridization pattern for the template-strand reveals that transcription terminates within the region between 1.1 to 2.3 kb downstream from the poly(A) site. Ten different short sequences (8-13 bp) reside within 460 bp of this region that exhibit homology with sequences found in the termination regions of mouse ..beta..-globin and chicken ovalbumin genes. Transcription of the non-template strand occurs on either side of this termination region. They note that no transcription is detectable on the non-template strand downstream of the enhancer, indicating that if RNA polymerase II enters at this site, it does not initiate transcription during transit to the promoter region. They conclude that transcription of the kappa gene passes the poly(A) addition site and terminates within 2.3 Kb downstream.
A Hyper-Heuristic for the Multi-Objective Integration and Test Order Problem (2015)

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have been efficiently applied to Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE) problems. However, skilled software engineers waste significant effort designing such algorithms for a particular problem, adapting them, selecting operators and configuring parameters. Hyper-heuristics can help in these tasks by dynamically selecting or creating heuristics. Despite of such advantages, we observe a lack of works regarding this subject in the SBSE field. Considering this fact, this work introduces HITO, a Hyper-heuristic for the Integration and Test Order Problem. It includes a set of well-defined steps and is based on two selection functions (Choice Function and Multi-armed Bandit) to select the best low-level heuristic (combination of mutation and crossover operators) in each mating. To perform the selection, a quality measure is proposed to assess the performance of low-level heuristics throughout the evolutionary process. HITO was implemented using NSGA-II and evaluated to solve the integration and test order problem in seven systems. The introduced hyper-heuristic obtained the best results for all systems, when compared to a traditional algorithm.
Neuroprotective pentapeptide CN-105 improves functional and histological outcomes in a murine model of intracerebral hemorrhage (2016)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.