gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoantibody Biomarkers for Basal Ganglia Encephalitis in Sydenham Chorea and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated With Streptococcal Infections (2020)

Movement, behavioral, and neuropsychiatric disorders in children have been linked to infections and a group of anti-neuronal autoantibodies, implying dopamine receptor-mediated encephalitis within the basal ganglia. The purpose of this study was to determine if anti-neuronal biomarkers, when used as a group, confirmed the acute disease in Sydenham chorea (SC) and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). IgG autoantibodies against four neuronal autoantigens (tubulin, lysoganglioside G<sub>M1</sub>, and dopamine receptors D1 and D2) were detected in SC sera (N=8), sera and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from two groups of PANDAS cases (N=25 first group and N=35 second group), sera from Tourette's syndrome (N=18), obsessive-compulsive disorder (N=25), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (N=18), and healthy controls (N=28) by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG specific for neuronal autoantigens was significantly elevated during the acute symptomatic phase, and the activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) pathway was significantly elevated in human neuronal cells. Five assays confirmed the disease in SC and in two groups of children with PANDAS. In 35 acute onset PANDAS patients, 32 sera (91.4%) were positive for one or more of the anti-neuronal autoantibodies compared with 9 of 28 healthy controls (32.1%, p<0.0001). Importantly, CSF of 32 (91.4%) PANDAS patients had one or more detectable anti-neuronal autoantibody titers and CaMKII activation. Among healthy control subjects with elevated serum autoantibody titers for individual antigens, none (0%) were positively associated with elevated positive CaMKII activation, which was a striking contrast to the sera of PANDAS subjects, who had 76-89% positive association with elevated individual autoantibody titers and positive CaMKII activity. At 6 months follow-up, symptoms improved for more than 80% of PANDAS subjects, and serum autoantibody titers also significantly decreased. Results reported herein and previously published studies in our laboratory suggest the antibody biomarkers may be a useful adjunct to clinical diagnosis of SC, PANDAS, and related disorders and are the first known group of autoantibodies detecting dopamine receptor-mediated encephalitis in children.
<title>Preliminary results from an in-situ spectral absorption meter</title> (1992)

The in situ absorption meter, based on the reflective tube absorption meter principle in which both scattered and directly transmitted light are measured by a single receiver, was originally proposed as a alternative means to measuring in situ concentrations of chlorophyll a and phaeophytin. By measuring differential absorption between two wavelengths, 676 nm and 712 nm, a scattering correction mechanism was provided which provides accurate absorption measurements in natural waters. As the instrument design evolved six wavelengths were eventually installed to measure absorption throughout the visible and near IR spectrum. An operational overview of the instrument describes the primary optical and electrical components of the instrument and provides a basic understanding of how the absorption measurement is performed. After initial field tests, laboratory tests were performed to quantify the instrument's operational characteristics. Precision, linearity, and performance in the presence of a scattering medium were tested to determine the instrument's utility in performing in situ quantitative analysis of chlorophyll. The instrument demonstrated precision approaching 0.02 (mu) g/1 at a 7 Hz acquisition rate, excellent linearity over a 40 (mu) g/1 range, and less than two percent error in measurement accuracy under scatterer to absorber concentration ratios in excess of 1000:1.
Hologram Recording With A New Photopolymer System (1985)

Holography with a new photopolymer system, Polaroid DMP-128, is described. Films of DMP-128 from an aqueous solvent are coated on either solid or flexible substrates. The resulting films, when stored dry, have a shelf life that exceeds nine months. The dry films are inactive and must be incubated for a few minutes in an environment of approximately 50% RH before laser expo-sure. Recording is possible with either blue (442 nm, 488 nm), green (514 nm), or red (633 nm, 647 nm) laser light. Exposure of 5 mJ/cm2 is sufficient for high diffraction efficiency (80% to 95%) transmission holograms, while 30 mJ/cm2 is required for bright reflection holograms. It is not necessary to exclude atmospheric oxygen during hologram recording. Refractive index modulation of 0.03 is routinely achieved. After laser exposure a uniform white-light illumination is used to complete the photopolymerization. A single processing bath yields holograms with good environmental stability. An additional processing bath yields images with exceptional resistance to high humidity.
Traction and Yaw-rate Control of Electric Vehicle with Slip-ratio and Cornering Stiffness Estimation (2007)

In traction control systems of vehicles, it is generally required to detect vehicle speed in order to obtain the slip-ratio. However, it is hard to measure vehicle speed directly. In the first part of this paper, novel estimation method of slip-ratio is proposed without detecting the vehicle speed. Based on this estimation, a slip-ratio controller is developed with feedback linearization. In the second part, a novel DYC is proposed with the adaptive observer which can identify the front and rear cornering stiffness independently as well as it can estimate the body side-slip angle. The advantages of proposed methods are verified by simulations and experiments with an electric vehicle which has two in-wheel motors.
Methodology for optimizing composite towers for use on floating wind turbines (2017)

A methodology for the design and optimization of a composite wind turbine tower for use on a floating offshore platform is presented. A composite turbine tower on a floating offshore platform not only has the potential to reduce maintenance and upkeep costs associated with the use of steel offshore but also has potential to reduce the tower mass and subsequently the support platform mass. The optimization problem is formulated to obtain a turbine tower that meets all strength and serviceability criteria and minimizes the tower mass. The optimization and design process link a number of dynamic analyses and finite element routines using a genetic algorithm. This work documents the optimization and design software and illustrates its use in various case studies for a 6 MW floating wind turbine system. Case studies include the optimization of a steel tower as a comparison to a composite material tower and the use of a cored, sandwich panel composite tower versus a solid composite tower. The results demonstrate that significant reductions in the tower mass are likely when comparing a steel tower with a composite tower. Also demonstrated for the platform and turbine configuration considered in this work is that the minimum mass tower design is driven towards a solid shell composite configuration, rather than a sandwich panel tower shell, in the face of reasonable design constraints.
Plasma probing with a table-top soft x-ray laser (2003)

Summary form only given. Due to their short wavelength, high brightness, and good spatial coherence soft X-ray lasers are excellent sources for the diagnostics of dense plasmas. We report the demonstration of plasma imaging and interferometry using a very compact table-top soft X-ray laser. A capillary discharge pumped 46.9 nm laser was used to obtain a sequence of high resolution shadowgrams of the plasma of a microcapillary discharge (380 /spl mu/m diameter, 8 mm long evacuated channel in polyacetal excited by a /spl sim/1.5 kA peak amplitude current pulse of 155 ns duration). The plasma was illuminated on-axis with the soft X-ray laser, and was imaged with 24/spl times/ magnification into an MCP/CCD detector using a 60 cm radius of curvature concave mirror coated with an iridium film. The plasma is observed to rapidly evolve from a nonuniform plasma into a remarkably uniform plasma column with minimum density on axis. These measured plasma characteristics confirm the excellent properties of these discharges as waveguides for laser radiation.
Development of zoom lenses for camera and technical topics: design examples, analysis, optical design method, aspherical lenses, and manufacturing (1998)

Today's compact, high-zoom-ratio lenses for camera are made possible by design analysis, modern design method and manufacturing technologies, and the incorporation of aspheric elements.
New techniques for regulating TCP flow over heterogeneous networks (2002)

We study a typical network environment where TCP traffic is generated from a source connected to a LAN (e.g. Ethernet) aggregated through an IP edge router to an access network (e.g. ATM, frame relay). Congestion at the edge router occurs when the bandwidth available in the access network cannot support the aggregated traffic generated from the LAN. This paper presents a novel approach to reduce router congestion and improve TCP performance. In particular, we propose new techniques that regulate TCP acknowledgments at the edge router without changing existing TCP implementations at the end systems. Our techniques minimize buffer requirement at network edges while maximizing the throughput. Analytical and simulation results are presented in the's paper to substantiate our claims.
Performance of a membrane bioreactor in extreme concentrations of bisphenol A (2018)

In this study, a submerged membrane bioreactor was used to study the effect of low and high bisphenol A (BPA) concentration on the sludge biological activity. The pilot was operated over 540 days with hydraulic retention time and solid retention time of 5.5 hours and 140 days, respectively. As a hydrophobic compound, BPA was highly adsorbed by activated sludge. In lower concentrations, the biodegradation rate remained low, since the BPA concentration in the sludge was lower than 0.5 mg/g TS; yet, at an influent concentration up to 15 mg/L, the biodegradation rate was increasing, resulting in 99% BPA removal efficiency. The result for chemical oxygen demand removal showed that BPA concentration has no effect on the heterotrophic bacteria that were responsible for the organic carbon degradation. In higher concentrations, up to 16 mg of BPA was used for each gram of sludge as a source of carbon. However, the activity of autotrophic bacteria, including nitrifiers, was completely halted in the presence of 20 mg/L of BPA or more. Although nitrification was stopped after day 400, ammonia removal remained higher than 70% due to air stripping. Assimilation by bacteria was the only removal pathway for phosphorus, which resulted in an average 35% of P-PO<sub>4</sub> removal efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cytotoxic Indenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase I Poisons. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Desaturase Genes And Their Use (Patent CA 2311472 A1) (1999)

cDNA encoding C. elegans .DELTA.6 desaturase has been cloned and sequenced, and the .DELTA.6 desaturase amino acid sequence has been determined. The C. elegans .DELTA.6 desaturase has a surprisingly low level of sequence identity with the known borage .DELTA.6 desaturase. The C. elegans .DELTA.6 desaturase has been expressed in yeast. It and other desaturases can be cloned in host organisms (e.g. plants) and can be used to provide useful metabolites.
Comparative Analysis of Complete Genome Sequences of Three Avian Coronaviruses Reveals a Novel Group 3c Coronavirus (2008)

In this territory-wide molecular epidemiology study of coronaviruses (CoVs) in Hong Kong involving 1,541 dead wild birds, three novel CoVs were identified in three different bird families (bulbul CoV HKU11 [BuCoV HKU11], thrush CoV HKU12 [ThCoV HKU12], and munia CoV HKU13 [MuCoV HKU13]). Four complete genomes of the three novel CoVs were sequenced. Their genomes (26,396 to 26,552 bases) represent the smallest known CoV genomes. In phylogenetic trees constructed using chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL(pro)), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Pol), helicase, spike, and nucleocapsid proteins, BuCoV HKU11, ThCoV HKU12, and MuCoV HKU13 formed a cluster distantly related to infectious bronchitis virus and turkey CoV (group 3a CoVs). For helicase, spike, and nucleocapsid, they were also clustered with a CoV recently discovered in Asian leopard cats, for which the complete genome sequence was not available. The 3CL(pro), Pol, helicase, and nucleocapsid of the three CoVs possessed higher amino acid identities to those of group 3a CoVs than to those of group 1 and group 2 CoVs. Unique genomic features distinguishing them from other group 3 CoVs include a distinct transcription regulatory sequence and coding potential for small open reading frames. Based on these results, we propose a novel CoV subgroup, group 3c, to describe this distinct subgroup of CoVs under the group 3 CoVs. Avian CoVs are genetically more diverse than previously thought and may be closely related to some newly identified mammalian CoVs. Further studies would be important to delineate whether the Asian leopard cat CoV was a result of interspecies jumping from birds, a situation analogous to that of bat and civet severe acute respiratory syndrome CoVs.
Four-way lossless outphasing and power combining with hybrid microstrip/discrete combiner for microwave power amplification (2013)

This work demonstrates a four-way outphasing and power combining system for microwave power amplification using a novel power combining network. The ideally lossles combining network is implemented using a combination of microstrip transmission-line sections with discrete shunt elements. We present the derivation of the power combining network topology as well as practical implementation details. The new power combining network is demonstrated in a 50-W, 2.14-GHz power amplifier system using load modulation of switching GaN PAs through outphasing for output power control. The system has a peak CW drain efficiency of 59.5% and drain efficiency above 45% over a 8.17-dB outphasing output power range. In modulated tests with a signal bandwidth of 3.84 MHz, the system demonstrates 52% average drain efficiency for a 3.9-dB peak to average power ratio (PAPR) signal, and 38% drain efficiency for a W-CDMA signal with 9.6 PAPR.
Real-time imaging using a 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser and a 320 /spl times/ 240 microbolometer focal-plane array (2006)

We report the use of a ~50-mW peak power 4.3-THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) as an illumination source for real-time imaging with a 320 times 240 element room-temperature microbolometer focal-plane array detector. The QCL is modulated synchronously with the focal-plane array for differential imaging. Signal-to-noise ratios of ~340 are achieved at a 20-frame/s acquisition rate, and the optical noise equivalent power of the detector array at 4.3 THz is estimated to be ~320 pW/radicHz. Both reflection and transmission mode imaging are demonstrated
Iron imaging reveals tumor and metastasis macrophage hemosiderin deposits in breast cancer (2017)

Iron-deposition is a metabolic biomarker of macrophages in both normal and pathological situations, but the presence of iron in tumor and metastasis-associated macrophages is not known. Here we mapped and quantified hemosiderin-laden macrophage (HLM) deposits in murine models of metastatic breast cancer using iron and macrophage histology, and in vivo MRI. Iron MRI detected high-iron pixel clusters in mammary tumors, lung metastasis, and brain metastasis as well as liver and spleen tissue known to contain the HLMs. Iron histology showed these regions to contain clustered macrophages identified by their common iron status and tissue-intrinsic association with other phenotypic macrophage markers. The in vivo MRI and ex vivo histological images were further processed to determine the frequencies and sizes of the iron deposits, and measure the number of HLMs in each deposit to estimate the in vivo MRI sensitivity for these cells. Hemosiderin accumulation is a macrophage biomarker and intrinsic contrast source for cellular MRI associated with the innate function of macrophages in iron metabolism systemically, and in metastatic cancer.
An approach for goal-oriented neuromuscular control of digital humans in physics-based simulations (2014)

We present a novel approach for the control of digital humans modelled as musculoskeletal systems in physics-based environments. This approach uses high-level goal-oriented commands as input, from which low-level neuromuscular excitations are produced that generate motion consistent with the high-level command input. Central to our approach is the reformulation of a neuromuscular control algorithm in task space, a space defined by coordinates relevant to the specific task being performed, rather than the full configuration space of the digital human. A control methodology is also detailed for addressing holonomic constraints in the skeletal kinematics. Examples are presented that demonstrate the motion control architecture for an arm-reaching simulation.
3D non-rigid surface-based MR-TRUS registration for image-guided prostate biopsy (2014)

Two dimensional (2D) transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy is the standard approach for definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). However, due to the lack of image contrast of prostate tumors needed to clearly visualize early-stage PCa, prostate biopsy often results in false negatives, requiring repeat biopsies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been considered to be a promising imaging modality for noninvasive identification of PCa, since it can provide a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of early stage PCa. Our main objective is to develop and validate a registration method of 3D MR-TRUS images, allowing generation of volumetric 3D maps of targets identified in 3D MR images to be biopsied using 3D TRUS images. Our registration method first makes use of an initial rigid registration of 3D MR images to 3D TRUS images using 6 manually placed approximately corresponding landmarks in each image. Following the manual initialization, two prostate surfaces are segmented from 3D MR and TRUS images and then non-rigidly registered using a thin-plate spline (TPS) algorithm. The registration accuracy was evaluated using 4 patient images by measuring target registration error (TRE) of manually identified corresponding intrinsic fiducials (calcifications and/or cysts) in the prostates. Experimental results show that the proposed method yielded an overall mean TRE of 2.05 mm, which is favorably comparable to a clinical requirement for an error of less than 2.5 mm.
All-optical NAND gate using cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers (2005)

By using gain nonlinearity characteristics of a semiconductor optical amplifier, an all-optical NAND gate at 10 Gbit/s is demonstrated. The all-optical NAND gate operates in single mechanism, which is cross-gain modulation. In the NAND gate (AB̄+Ā), Boolean AB̄ is obtained by using signal A as a probe beam and signal B as a pump beam in SOA-1. Also, Boolean Ā is obtained by using the clock signal as a probe beam and signal A as a pump beam in SOA-2. By adding the two outputs from SOA-1 and SOA-2, Boolean Ā+AB̄ (logic NAND) can be acquired. The extinction ratio is about 6.1 dB.
Use of a nitrogen–argon plasma to improve adherence of sputtered titanium carbide coatings on steel (1979)

Friction and wear experiments on 440-C steel surfaces that had been rf sputtered with titanium carbide when a small percentage of nitrogen was added to the plasma were conducted. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to analyze the resultant coatings. Results indicate that a small partial pressure of nitrogen (∠0.5%) markedly improves the adherence, friction, and wear properties when compared with coatings applied on sputter-etched, oxidized surfaces or in the presence of a small oxygen partial pressure. The improvements are related to the formation of an interface containing a mixture of the nitrides of titanium and iron which are harder than their corresponding oxides.
Structure‐kinetic relationship analysis of the therapeutic complement inhibitor compstatin (2009)

Compstatin is a 13-residue peptide that inhibits activation of the complement system by binding to the central component C3 and its fragments C3b and C3c. A combination of theoretical and experimental approaches has previously allowed us to develop analogs of the original compstatin peptide with up to 264-fold higher activity; one of these analogs is now in clinical trials for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here we used functional assays, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to assess the effect of modifications at three key residues (Trp-4, Asp-6, Ala-9) on the affinity and activity of compstatin and its analogs, and we correlated our findings to the recently reported co-crystal structure of compstatin and C3c. The K(D) values for the panel of tested analogs ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-8) M. These differences in binding affinity could be attributed mainly to differences in dissociation rather than association rates, with a >4-fold range in k(on) values (2-10 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)) and a k(off) variation of >35-fold (1-37 x 10(-2) s(-1)) being observed. The stability of the C3b-compstatin complex seemed to be highly dependent on hydrophobic effects at position 4, and even small changes at position 6 resulted in a loss of complex formation. Induction of a beta-turn shift by an A9P modification resulted in a more favorable entropy but a loss of binding specificity and stability. The results obtained by the three methods utilized here were highly correlated with regard to the activity/affinity of the analogs. Thus, our analyses have identified essential structural features of compstatin and provided important information to support the development of analogs with improved efficacy.
A novel moment-based methodology for accurate and efficient static timing analysis (2008)

A novel methodology for accurate and efficient static timing analysis is presented in this paper. The methodology is based on finding a frequency domain model for the gates which allows uniform treatment of the gates and interconnects. It is shown that despite the highly nonlinear overall gate model, a frequency domain model of the gate with the model parameters, gate moments, as functions of the load is very accurate. A gate and input capacitance characterization is proposed which provides for accuracy, efficiency and flexibility in the path performance calculation. To illustrate the concept and prove its merits, multiple examples are presented. The method is an order to two orders of magnitude faster than current source based one, while it maintains accuracy within 5% of SPICE.
Self-extraction negative ion source (1982)

A large multicusp negative ion source has been constructed to generate H− or D− ions for high-energy neutral beam systems. With the presence of cesium, the source has produced a steady-state H− ion beam current greater than 1 A with an impurity level less than 1%. The vertical and horizontal profiles of the self-extracted beam have been measured with a gridded Faraday cup. The gas efficiency of the source and the electron component in the accelerated beam have been measured for two different pumping conditions.