gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Ionic Liquid and Polymeric Ionic Liquid as Shale Hydration Inhibitors (2017)

Shale hydration and swelling are disadvantageous for well drilling, especially when using water-based drilling fluids. In this work, the ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide (VeiBr) monomer and its corresponding homopolymers (PV) were innovatively used as shale hydration inhibitors. Both composites of sodium bentonite (Na-BT) with VeiBr and PV (hereafter denoted as Na-BT/VeiBr and Na-BT/PV composites) exhibited excellent temperature stability up to 300 °C, showing potential application in high-temperature well drilling. The inhibiting performance was evaluated by measuring the linear swelling height, rheological property of Na-BT aqueous solutions, and recovery percentage of shale cuttings after hot rolling. Results indicated that VeiBr monomer and PV polymer displayed better inhibition performance than inorganic KCl and organic quaternary amine 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in all tests. In addition, PV was even better than VeiBr. The underlying mechanism was analyzed by measuring the interlayer distance through X-ray diffraction, observing the aggregation through scanning electron microscopy, and determining the ζ potential and particle size distribution. The monomer exerted its effect mainly by decreasing the interlayer spacing, whereas the polymer increased the viscosity, encapsulated Na-BT particles, prevented the exfoliation of Na-BT, and decreased the interlayer spacing depending upon the molecular weight. This study can serve as a basis for using ionic liquids in the design of permanent shale inhibitors for drilling fluids.
Feature-Preserving Noise Removal (2015)

Conventional image restoration algorithms use transform-domain filters, which separate the noise from the sparse signal among the transform components or apply spatial smoothing filters in real space whose design relies on prior assumptions about the noise statistics. These filters also reduce the information content of the image by suppressing spatial frequencies or by recognizing only a limited set of shapes. Here we show that denoising can be efficiently done using a nonlinear filter, which operates along patch neighborhoods and multiple copies of the original image. The use of patches enables the algorithm to account for spatial correlations in the random field whereas the multiple copies are used to recognize the noise statistics. The nonlinear filter, which is implemented by a hierarchical multistage system of multilayer perceptrons, outperforms state-of-the-art denoising algorithms such as those based on collaborative filtering and total variation. Compared to conventional denoising algorithms, our filter can restore images without blurring them, making it attractive for use in medical imaging where the preservation of anatomical details is critical.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION OF POLY-UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (1989)

Abstract Fungal mycelia were found to be new and rich sources of C2O−-polyunsaturated fatty acids through our screening for wide variety of microorganisms. A soil isolate, Mortierella alpine 1S-4 produced 4.3 g/L (274 mg/g dry mycelia) of arachidonic on cultivation in a medium containing glucose. The value accounted for more than 65% of the total fatty acids in the extracted lipids from the mycelia. The mycelial dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid content of the same fungus was found to increase, (107 mg/g dry mycelia), with an accompanying marked decrease in its arachidonic acid content, on cultivation with sesame oil. This phenomenon was found to be due to a specific repression of the conversion of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid to arachidonic acid. The fungus produced eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) when grown at low temperature (12 C). The experimental results with cell-free extracts showed that this temperature-dependent formation of EPA is due to the activation of enzymes(s) in EPA production, probably from arachidonic acid at low temperature. The fungus efficietly converted an oil containing alpha-linolenic acid to an oil containing EPA (yield, 1.8 g/L). This conversion was found to be temperature-independent. Possible advantages of microorganisms as practical sources of the polyunsaturated fatty acids are also described.
Speaker verification under mismatched data conditions (2009)

This study presents investigations into the effectiveness of the state-of-the-art speaker verification techniques (i.e. GMM–UBM and GMM–SVM) in mismatched noise conditions. Based on experiments using white and real world noise, it is shown that the verification performance offered by these methods is severely affected when the level of degradation in the test material is different from that in the training utterances. To address this problem, a modified realisation of the parallel model combination (PMC) method is introduced and a new form of test normalisation (T-norm), termed condition adjusted T-norm, is proposed. It is experimentally demonstrated that the use of these techniques with GMM–UBM can significantly enhance the accuracy in mismatched noise conditions. Based on the experimental results, it is observed that the resultant relative improvement achieved for GMM–UBM (under the most severe mismatch condition considered) is in excess of 70%. Additionally, it is shown that the improvement in the verification accuracy achieved in this way is higher than that obtainable with the direct use of PMC with GMM–UBM. Moreover, it is found that while the accuracy performance of GMM–SVM can also considerably benefit from the use of these techniques, the extensive computational cost involved in this case severely limits the use of such a combined approach in practice.
Detecting Data Stream Dependencies on High Dimensional Data (2016)

Intelligent production in smart factories or wearable devices that measure our activities produce on an ever growing amount of sensor data. In these environments, the validation of measurements to distinguish sensor flukes from significant events is of particular importance. We developed an algorithm that detects dependencies between sensor readings. These can be used for instance to verify or analyze large scale measurements. An entropy based approach allows us to detect dependencies beyond linear correlation and is well suited to deal with high dimensional and high volume data streams. Results show statistically significant improvements in reliability and on-par execution time over other stream monitoring systems.
SAFFLOWER PROTEIN ISOLATES: INFLUENCE OF RECOVERY CONDITIONS UPON COMPOSITION, YIELD AND PROTEIN QUALITY (1978)

ABSTRACT Safflower protein isolates (SPI) containing from 86.7–95.6% protein (N × 5.3) were prepared by extracting safflower meal at pH 8, 9 or 10 with NaOH and precipitating the protein with HCl at pH 5 (the iso‐electric point) or 6. Within the various conditions used, N extraction was 64–77% with N recovered in the SPI ranging between 53 and 64%. Yield, as % weight or % N, increased with more alkaline extraction, whereas SPI with higher protein values resulted from lower extraction pH and precipitation at pH 6. Within any extraction pH, % N recovered was not significantly influenced by precipitation pH. Lysine was the first limiting amino acid in both safflower meal and SPI. True N digestibility of SPI was 96–97%, with that of the meal ranging from 78–85%. PER of safflower meal was not adversely affected by processing temperatures of up to 110°C, and, when combined with soy flour (1:1, w/w), PER was equivalent to that of soy protein alone. PER of SPI (1.05–1.28) was increased to 2.1–2.2 by supplementation with L‐lysine or when combined with a digestible protein with a complementary amino acid composition, such as rice bran protein concentrate.
LinearDragger (2014)

Touch input is increasingly popular nowadays, especially for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. However, the human finger has considerably large fingertip size and finger input is imprecise. As such, acquiring small targets on a touch screen is still a challenging task. In this paper, we present the LinearDragger, a new and integrated one-finger target acquisition technique for small and clustered targets. The proposed method has three advantages. First, it allows users to select targets in dense clustered groups easily with a single touch-drag-release operation. Second, it maps the 2D selection problem into a more precise 1D selection problem, which is independent of the target distribution. Third, it avoids finger occlusion and does not create visual distraction. As a result, it is particularly suitable for applications with dense targets and rich visual elements. Results of our controlled experiments show that when selecting small targets, LinearDragger takes about 70% and 30% less selection time than target acquisition without using any techniques and with the state-of-the-art target acquisition technique that involves a single touch operation, respectively, while maintaining a reasonable error rate.
Maximum torque-per-ampere control of a saturated surface-mounted permanent magnet motor (2003)

The surface-mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) synchronous motor has high torque density and good dynamic response. Consequently, these machines have found applications in electric/hybrid vehicles, where size and volume are at a premium and dynamic response is important for vehicle performance. In these applications, high torque output from the motor is required for short time duration. The high stator current associated with this mode of operation can induce saturation in portions of the motor magnetic circuit and thus introduce saliency into a normally symmetric machine. This phenomenon can be exploited in order to maximize the torque output of the motor for the same stator current. The case of a 75 kW SMPM machine for automotive application is presented. By taking advantage of the saturation induced reluctance torque, up to 4% extra torque output is produced for the same maximum stator current. The improved performance is predicted using FEM calculations and is verified through experimental results.
Developing a set of strong intronic promoters for robust metabolic engineering in oleaginous Rhodotorula (Rhodosporidium) yeast species (2016)

Intronic sequences play an important role in regulating gene expression in R. toruloides. Three intronic promoters, LDP1in, ACC1in and FAS1in, are excellent promoters for metabolic engineering in the oleaginous and carotenogenic yeast, R. toruloides.
Titan-Prothesen im Mittelohr (1999)

The superior acoustic properties of the delicate yet rigid low-weight titanium implants combined with excellent biocompatibility lead to a good hearing result if a meticulous surgical technique is employed. The easy handling makes it a pleasure to work with these protheses.
Numerical Analysis of High-Speed Bodies in Partially Cavitating Axisymmetric Flow (2005)

Partial cavitation of high-speed axisymmetric bodies is modeled using a steady potential-flow boundary-element technique. The effects of several key parameters defining the vehicle geometry are examined for configurations consisting of a disk cavitator followed by a conical section and ending in a cylindrical body. A single cavity is assumed to detach at the edge of the disk. A variety of conditions have been studied, including cavity closure on either the conical or cylindrical portions of the vehicle, variations in the cone angle, and variations in the radius of the cylindrical section. The results for the partially cavitating case are also compared with those for the supercavitating case.
Model for waveguide fabrication in glass by two-step ion exchange with ionic masking (1988)

A theory for optical waveguide fabrication processes, in which potassium ions exchanged into glass are used as a mask to regulate a subsequent silver-ion exchange, is presented. The model is used to examine the use of this technique in restricting the width of narrow-channel waveguides. The diffusion of silver through the potassium-ion mask is calculated, and a novel method of fabricating buried waveguides is described.
Implementation of the digital phase vocoder using the fast Fourier transform (1976)

This paper discusses a digital formulation of the phase vocoder, an analysis-synthesis system providing a parametric representation of a speech waveform by its short-time Fourier transform. Such a system is of interest both for data-rate reduction and for manipulating basic speech parameters. The system is designed to be an identity system in the absence of any parameter modifications. Computational efficiency is achieved by employing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm to perform the bulk of the computation in both the analysis and synthesis procedures, thereby making the formulation attractive for implementation on a minicomputer.
Two-dimensional Si photonic-crystal single-mode waveguide on SOI substrate that operates above the cladding layer light line (2001)

We describe a new concept two-dimensional Si-photonic-crystal single-mode waveguide. By 3D-FDTD calculations and transmission measurements, we show that the propagation loss can be greatly suppressed by using this structure even above the cladding layer light line.
A Bispecific Antibody to Link a TRAIL-Based Antitumor Approach to Immunotherapy (2019)

T-cell-based immunotherapy strategies have profoundly improved the clinical management of several solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A recently developed and promising immunotherapy approach is to redirect polyclonal MHC-unrestricted T lymphocytes toward cancer cells by bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that engage the CD3 complex and a tumor-associated antigen (TAA). The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) is an attractive immunotherapy target, frequently expressed by neoplastic cells, that we decided to exploit as a TAA. We found that a TRAIL-R2xCD3 bsAb efficiently activates T cells and specifically redirect their cytotoxicity against cancer cells of different origins <i>in vitro</i>, thereby demonstrating its potential as a pan-carcinoma reagent. Moreover, to mimic <i>in vivo</i> conditions, we assessed its ability to retarget T-cell activity in an <i>ex vivo</i> model of ovarian cancer patients' ascitic fluids containing both effector and target cells-albeit with a suboptimal effector-to-target ratio-with remarkable results.
ChemInform Abstract: SMALL‐MOLECULE CYCLIC MODELS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NEW POLYPHOSPHAZENES: SIDE‐GROUP CONSTRUCTION VIA LITHIOPHENOXY DERIVATIVES (1980)

Abstract Hexakis‐[p‐lithiophenoxy]‐ cyclotriphosphazen (II) wird durch Halogen‐Metall‐Austauschreaktionen zwischen den p‐Halogenphenoxy‐Derivaten (I) und n‐Butyl‐Li als Zwischenverbindung für den kovalenten Angriff von Elektrophilen auf die Seitengruppe dargestellt.
Structure and Dissemination of a Chromosomal Insertion Element Encoding Macrolide Efflux in<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2001)

Macrolide resistance associated with macrolide efflux (mef) has rapidly increased in Streptococcus pneumoniae. We defined the genetic structure and dissemination of a novel mefE-containing chromosomal insertion element. The mefE gene was found on the 5' end of a 5.5- or 5.4-kb insertion designated as the macrolide efflux genetic assembly (mega), which is found in > or =4 distinct sites of the pneumococcal genome. The element was transformable and conferred macrolide resistance to susceptible S. pneumoniae. The first 2 open-reading frames (ORFs) of the element formed an operon composed of mefE and a predicted adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette homologous to msrA. Convergent to this efflux operon were 3 ORFs with homology to stress response genes of Tn5252. Mega was related to the recently described mefA-containing element Tn1207.1 but lacked the genes necessary for transposition and had unique termini and insertion sites. In metropolitan Atlanta, macrolide resistance due to mega rapidly increased in S. pneumoniae by clonal expansion and horizontally by transformation.
Development of cell markers for the identification and expansion of islet progenitor cells (2003)

Diabetes mellitus results from the anatomical or functional loss of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Despite significant advances in current treatment, patients with diabetes still do not maintain optimal glucose levels and therefore face debilitating complications such as hypoglycemia, retinopathy or cardiovascular diseases later in life. Islet transplantation therefore holds great promise as an ultimate cure for diabetes. However, the shortage of availability of donor sources of islets for transplantation has largely hampered this therapy. In this respect, the use of alternative sources of islets such as the ex vivo culture and expansion and differentiation of functional endocrine cells for treating diabetes has been a major focus of diabetes research. The identity of the islet stem/progenitor cells has remained either elusive or at least equivocal because of the lack of cell markers for identification of these cells. Recent successes in studying the organogenesis of pancreas as well as in vitro islet progenitor cell identification studies have provided tremendous insight for the cell markers that are essential in the isolation and characterization of these cells prospectively both in vivo and in vitro. If we can identify the markers that will aid the isolation and purification of islet progenitor cells, or factors that determine pancreatic cell fate, we might be able to coerce them from turning into specific endocrine cells or pancreas in vitro. This article will focus on this subject and will review the latest achievements in the study of cell markers for islet progenitor cells.
Amorphous lead oxide (a-PbO): suppression of signal lag via engineering of the layer structure (2017)

Presence of a signal lag is a bottle neck of performance for many non-crystalline materials, considered for dynamic radiation sensing. Due to inadequate lag-related temporal performance, polycrystalline layers of CdZnTe, PbI<sub>2</sub>, HgI<sub>2</sub> and PbO are not practically utilized, despite their superior X-ray sensitivity and low production cost (even for large area detectors). In the current manuscript, we show that a technological step to replace nonhomogeneous disorder in polycrystalline PbO with homogeneous amorphous PbO structure suppresses signal lag and improves time response to X-ray irradiation. In addition, the newly developed amorphous lead oxide (a-PbO) possesses superior X-ray sensitivity in terms of electron-hole pair creation energy [Formula: see text] in comparison with amorphous selenium - currently the only photoconductor used as an X-ray-to-charge transducer in the state-of-the-art direct conversion X-ray medical imaging systems. The proposed advances of the deposition process are low cost, easy to implement and with certain customization might potentially be applied to other materials, thus paving the way to their wide-range commercial use.
Free Parking Space Detection Using Optical Flow-based Euclidean 3D Reconstruction (2007)

An automatic parking system provides convenience for drivers by automatically finding free parking spaces and steering automobiles toward them. This paper proposes a vision-based free parking space detection system. The proposed method consists of two stages. First, the automobile rearview is three-dimensionally reconstructed using the optical flow-based method. The metric information is recovered using the scale ratio between the camera heights in the real world and the reconstructed world. Second, the free parking space is detected by estimating the parking space orientation and the reference point in the top-view of the reconstructed 3D structure. Experimental results show that the proposed method successfully reconstructs the 3D structures of the automobile rearview and detects free parking spaces in the different environments. 1
MicroRNA Regulation of Cardiovascular Development (2009)

The transcriptional regulation of cardiovascular development requires precise spatiotemporal control of gene expression, and heterozygous mutations of transcription factors have frequently been implicated in human cardiovascular malformations. A novel mechanism involving posttranscriptional regulation by small, noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) has emerged as a central regulator of many cardiogenic processes. We are beginning to understand the functions that miRNAs play during essential biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stress response, and tumorigenesis. The identification of miRNAs expressed in specific cardiac and vascular cell types has led to the discovery of important regulatory roles for these small RNAs during cardiomyocyte differentiation, cell cycle, conduction, vessel formation, and during stages of cardiac hypertrophy in the adult. Here, we overview the recent findings on miRNA regulation in cardiovascular development and report the latest advances in understanding their function by unveiling their mRNA targets. Further analysis of miRNA function during cardiovascular development will allow us to determine the potential for novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
Planar Near-Field Plates (2013)

This paper presents planar near-field plates that can tailor the electromagnetic near field and produce desired subwavelength focal patterns. These plates consist of concentric annular slots on a circular grounded dielectric slab excited through a coaxial connector. The annular slots are loaded with lumped element impedances which are designed to produce a prescribed subwavelength focal pattern. The procedure to design such plates is outlined. The designed plates are studied through full-wave simulation and the generation of desired subwavelength patterns is demonstrated. Several near-field plates are also fabricated and measured. It is shown that the experimental near-field patterns are in close agreement with simulation. Furthermore, experiments confirming the planar near-field plates ability to tailor the electromagnetic near field are presented. Planar near field plates may find application in near-field imaging and probing systems, biomedical targeting devices, and high density data storage.
Removable Nonconjugated Polymers To Debundle and Disperse Carbon Nanotubes (2019)

In this study, we explore design rules for block copolymer (BCP)-based dispersants for carbon nanotubes (CNTs). We demonstrate the influence of polymer architecture on the dispersion, debundling, and stability of single-walled CNTs. These polymer dispersants based on pyrene-functionalized BCPs are tailored to perform multiple functions, namely, to (a) solubilize CNTs, (b) debundle CNTs, and (c) lift off CNTs following processing. BCPs were synthesized through an efficient ring-opening reaction of a poly 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (PVDMA) block. This chemistry provides greater flexibility to alter the polymer architecture, solubility, and degradability as well as to achieve a higher degree of incorporation of pyrene side groups. UV–vis–NIR absorption and photoluminescence emission studies indicate that a block-brush architecture consisting of polystyrene (PS) as the first block and mixed side chains of pyrene/PS or pyrene/polymethylmethacrylate grafted to the second PVDMA block gave the most stable CNT dispersions with high yields. Our studies show that a large number of pyrene side groups, as well as a large molecular weight solubilizing block, are required to disperse CNTs with a wide range of diameters from 0.7 to 1.7 nm. We further show that our design allows for thiol–thioester exchange chemistry to release the polymer wrappers from the CNT surface in an acid-free organic solvent medium. We envision this method to be generalizable for the dispersion of CNTs from small to large diameters.