gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wnt inhibitory factor (<scp>WIF</scp>)‐1 promotes melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes (2013)

Wnt signaling plays a role in the differentiation as well as the development of melanocytes. Using a microarray analysis, hyperpigmentary skin of melasma expressed high levels of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) compared with perilesional normal skin. In this study, the expression and functional roles of WIF-1 on melanocytes were investigated. WIF-1 was expressed both in the melanocytes of normal human skin and in cultured melanocytes. The upregulation of WIF-1 on cultured normal human melanocytes significantly induced expressions of MITF and tyrosinase, which were associated with increased melanin content and tyrosinase activity. Consistent with the stimulatory effect of WIF-1, WIF-1 siRNA reduced melanogenesis in the cells. Moreover, WIF-1 increases pigmentation in melanocytes co-cultured with WIF-1-overexpressed fibroblasts and of organ-cultured human skin. These findings suggest that melanocytes express WIF-1 constitutively in vivo and in vitro and that WIF-1 promotes melanogenesis in normal human melanocytes.
Directional adhesion of gecko-inspired angled microfiber arrays (2008)

Arrays of angled microfibers with a gecko-inspired structure were fabricated from a stiff thermoplastic polymer (polypropylene) with elastic properties similar to those of β-keratin of natural setae. Friction experiments demonstrated that this fibrillar polymer surface exhibits directional adhesion. Sliding of clean glass surfaces against and along the microfiber direction without applying an external normal force produced an apparent shear stress of 0.1 and 4.5 N/cm2, respectively. This directional adhesion is interpreted in the context of a nonlinear elastic bending model of an angled beam. Shearing and normal contact experiments yielded further evidence of the anisotropic adhesion of the fibrillar polymer and revealed the occurrence of a pull-off (adhesive) force at the instant of surface detachment, unlike vertically aligned microfiber arrays of the same material that exhibited a zero pull-off force. The results of this study provide impetus for the design of gecko-inspired adhesives with angled structures that demonstrate directional adhesion against different material surfaces.
Structure-Based Mutational Analysis of the 4‘-Phosphopantetheinyl Transferases Sfp from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>:  Carrier Protein Recognition and Reaction Mechanism<sup>,</sup> (2004)

The activation of apo-peptidyl carrier proteins (PCPs) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), apo-acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) of polyketide synthases (PKSs), and fatty acid synthases (FASs) to their active holo form is accomplished with dedicated 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases). They catalyze the transfer of the essential prosthetic group 4'-phosphopantetheine (4'-Ppant) from coenzyme A (CoA) to a highly conserved serine residue in all PCPs and ACPs. PPTases, based on sequence and substrate specifity, have been classified into three types: bacterial holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS), fatty acid synthase of eukaryotes (FAS2) and Sfp, a PPTase of secondary metabolism. The recently solved crystal structures of AcpS and Sfp-type PPTases with CoA revealed a common alpha + beta-fold with a beta(1)alpha(3)beta(2) motif and similarities in CoA binding and polymerization mode. However, it was not possible to discern neither the PCP binding region of Sfp nor the priming reaction mechanism from the Sfp-CoA cocrystal. In this work, we provide a model for the reaction mechanism based on mutational analysis of Sfp that suggests a reaction mechanism in which the highly conserved E151 deprotonates the hydroxyl group of the invariant serine of PCP. That, in turn, acts as a nucleophile to attack the beta-phosphate of CoA. The Sfp mutants K112, E117, and K120 further revealed that the loop region between beta4 and alpha5 (residues T111-S124) in Sfp is the PCP binding region. Also, residues T44, K75, S89, H90, D107, E109, E151, and K155 that have been shown in the Sfp-CoA cocrystal structure to coordinate CoA are now all confirmed by mutational and biochemical analysis.
Establishment of Patient-Derived Organoids and Drug Screening for Biliary Tract Carcinoma (2019)

Biliary tract carcinomas (BTCs) are among the most aggressive malignancies and have a poor prognosis. Here, we successfully established organoid lines derived from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. These organoids derived from BTCs were cultured stably for >1 year and closely recapitulated the histopathology, gene expression, and genetic alterations evident in the primary tumors. Gene expression profiling of the organoids revealed that SOX2 could be a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with BTC. We screened a compound library consisting of drugs used clinically for their ability to suppress organoids derived from BTCs and found that the antifungal drugs amorolfine and fenticonazole significantly suppressed the growth of organoids derived from BTCs with minimal toxicity to normal biliary epithelial cells. Patient-derived organoids may be a powerful research tool for the clarification of molecular pathogenesis and the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic drugs for refractory cancers.
Fatigue Study of Friction Stir Welded and TIG Welded AA 6061 Alloy Similar Joints (2020)

In this study, Al-Mg-Si alloy plates in 4 mm thickness that are particularly used for aerospace and automotive industries were welded using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and Friction Stir Welding (FSW) methods as similar joints with one side pass with parameters of varying tool rotation, weld speed and 2.3 degree tool tilt angle. Tensile tests results showed high yield stress values for FSW joints. Micro Vickers hardness test gave the required result for FSW welded and TIG welded Al-Mg-Si alloy plates. While fatigue test results showed all similar welded joints have fatigue strength close to each other.
Highly Enantioselective Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Alkylation of Protected α-Amino Acid Amides toward Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Vicinal Diamines, α-Amino Ketones, and α-Amino Alcohols (2005)

Highly enantioselective alkylation of protected glycine diphenylmethyl (Dpm) amide 1 and Weinreb amide 10 has been realized under phase-transfer conditions by the successful utilization of designer chiral quaternary ammonium salts of type 4 as catalyst. Particularly, remarkable reactivity of the chiral ammonium enolate derived from 1b and 4c allowed the reaction with less reactive simple secondary alkyl halides with high efficiency and enantioselectivity. An additional unique feature of this chiral ammonium enolate is its ability to recognize the chirality of beta-branched primary alkyl halides, which provides impressive levels of kinetic resolution and double stereodifferentiation during the alkylation, allowing for two alpha- and gamma-stereocenters to be controlled. Combined with the subsequent reduction using LiAlH4 in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), this system offers a facile access to structurally diverse optically active vicinal diamines. Furthermore, the optically active alpha-amino acid Weinreb amide 11 can be efficiently converted to the corresponding amino ketone by a simple treatment with Grignard reagents. In addition, reduction and alkylation of the optically active alpha-amino ketone into both syn and anti alpha-amino alcohols with almost complete relative and absolute stereochemical control have been achieved. With (S,S)- and (R,R)-4 in hand, the present approach renders both enantiomers of alpha-amino amides including Weinreb amides readily available with enormous structural variation and also establishes a general and practical route to vicinal diamines, alpha-amino ketones, and alpha-amino alcohols with the desired stereochemistry.
Thinking about the problem rather than the procedure: Effectiveness of court fines and infringements to reduce offending conduct of the homeless (2012)

Street Law Centre is a community legal centre that provides a free outreach legal service to those who are homeless or at risk of homelessness. The service has operated since October 2010. Street Law Centre currently attends two legal clinics per week and one legal clinic once per fortnight at homeless centres throughout the Perth CBD.
Inositol Hexakisphosphate Kinase 3 Regulates Metabolism and Lifespan in Mice (2016)

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 3 (IP6K3) generates inositol pyrophosphates, which regulate diverse cellular functions. However, little is known about its own physiological role. Here, we show the roles of IP6K3 in metabolic regulation. We detected high levels of both mouse and human IP6K3 mRNA in myotubes and muscle tissues. In human myotubes, IP6K3 was upregulated by dexamethasone treatment, which is known to inhibit glucose metabolism. Furthermore, Ip6k3 expression was elevated under diabetic, fasting, and disuse conditions in mouse skeletal muscles. Ip6k3(-/-) mice demonstrated lower blood glucose, reduced circulating insulin, deceased fat mass, lower body weight, increased plasma lactate, enhanced glucose tolerance, lower glucose during an insulin tolerance test, and reduced muscle Pdk4 expression under normal diet conditions. Notably, Ip6k3 deletion extended animal lifespan with concomitant reduced phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein in the heart. In contrast, Ip6k3(-/-) mice showed unchanged skeletal muscle mass and no resistance to the effects of high fat diet. The current observations suggest novel roles of IP6K3 in cellular regulation, which impact metabolic control and lifespan.
Centrosymmetric and pseudo-centrosymmetric structures refined as non-centrosymmetric (2006)

The behaviour of the Flack parameter for centrosymmetric and pseudo-centrosymmetric crystal structures based on crystal structures published as being non-centrosymmetric is presented. It is confirmed for centrosymmetric structures that the value obtained for the Flack parameter is critically dependent on the Friedel coverage of the intensity data, approaching 0.5 for a coverage of 100% and sticking near the starting value for a coverage of 0%. For pseudo-centrosymmetric structures, even those very close to being centrosymmetric, it is found that it is often possible to obtain significant values of the Flack parameter. A theoretical basis for this surprising result is established. It has also been possible to establish an a priori estimate of the standard uncertainty of the Flack parameter based only on the chemical composition of the compound and the wavelength of the radiation. The paper concludes with preliminary presentations of bias in the Flack parameter and of inconsistent chemical and crystallographic data.
Detecting regions of interest in dynamic scenes with camera motions (2012)

We present a method to detect the regions of interests in moving camera views of dynamic scenes with multiple moving objects. We start by extracting a global motion tendency that reflects the scene context by tracking movements of objects in the scene. We then use Gaussian process regression to represent the extracted motion tendency as a stochastic vector field. The generated stochastic field is robust to noise and can handle a video from an uncalibrated moving camera. We use the stochastic field for predicting important future regions of interest as the scene evolves dynamically. We evaluate our approach on a variety of videos of team sports and compare the detected regions of interest to the camera motion generated by actual camera operators. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach is computationally efficient and provides better predictions than previously proposed RBF-based approaches.
Oil-Encapsulating PEO−PPO−PEO/PEG Shell Cross-Linked Nanocapsules for Target-Specific Delivery of Paclitaxel (2007)

PEO-PPO-PEO/PEG shell cross-linked nanocapsules encapsulating an oil phase in their nanoreservoir structure was developed as a target-specific carrier for a water-insoluble drug, paclitaxel. Oil-encapsulating PEO-PPO-PEO/PEG composite nanocapsules were synthesized by dissolving an oil (Lipiodol) and an amine-reactive PEO-PPO-PEO derivative in dichloromethane and subsequently dispersing in an aqueous solution containing amine-functionalized six-arm-branched poly(ethylene glycol) by ultrasonication. The resultant shell cross-linked nanocapsules had a unique core/shell architecture with an average size of 110.7 +/- 9.9 nm at 37 degrees C, as determined by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Paclitaxel could be effectively solubilized in the inner Lipiodol phase surrounded by a cross-linked PEO-PPO-PEO/PEG shell layer. The paclitaxel-loaded nanocapsules were further conjugated with folic acid to achieve folate receptor targeted delivery. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometric analysis revealed that folate-mediated targeting significantly enhanced the cellular uptake and apoptotic effect against folate receptor overexpressing cancer cells. The present study suggested that these novel nanomaterials encapsulating an oil reservoir could be potentially applied for cancer cell targeted delivery of various water-insoluble therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
Four-Component Synthesis of Indazole through Ugi-Azide Coupling (2012)

International audience
Antigenic Relationships in Avian Influenza A Viruses: Identification of Two Viruses Isolated from Turkeys in Great Britain during 1969-1970 (1971)

SUMMARY The neuraminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.18) of A/turkey/england/69 is related antigenically to the neuraminidases of A/turkey/massachusetts/65 and A/turkey/england/66 avian influenza viruses, and to an A 2/1957 human influenza virus. The neuraminidase of A/turkey/scotland/70 is related antigenically to the neuraminidases of A/dutch and virus ‘N’ (isolated before 1930 and in 1949 respectively), thus demonstrating the recurrence of a neuraminidase antigen in avian influenza A viruses over a period of at least 40 years. The haemagglutinins of A/turkey/england/69 and A/turkey/scotland/70 did not cross-react specifically with each other, or with viruses representing four known avian influenza A haemagglutinin prototypes.
In vitro model of full‐thickness cartilage defect healing (2007)

Integration of the host-graft interface is implicated as one of the significant reasons for lack of complete healing in osteochondral grafting procedures for the treatment of cartilage lesions. We developed an in vitro model of cartilage healing in an osteochondral setting to study the effect of developmental age and collagenase treatment. Circular full-thickness vertical surgical incisions were made in the cartilaginous portion of cylindrical bovine osteochondral specimens. Two age groups were selected: Young (1-2 months old) and Older (6-8 months old). Cartilage integration across the surgical incisions was assessed by histologic analysis and by mechanical push-out testing at 2 and 4 weeks in culture. Histologic integration as well as peak push-out shear stress was significantly higher in older calf cartilage than in the young calf. Collagenase pretreatment in the older calf samples increased push-out strength at 4 weeks. Histologic integration correlated well with the mechanical push-out strength. Developmental age and time after injury affected the response to collagenase pretreatment. This osteochondral cartilage integration model can be useful to study factors that modulate healing of surgical replacement procedures in vitro, which may aid the development of newer approaches to promote the healing of cartilage defects.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Leonurine‐SPRC Conjugate as Cardioprotective Agents. (2011)

ChemInformVolume 42, Issue 14 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Leonurine-SPRC Conjugate as Cardioprotective Agents. Chunhua Liu, Sch. Pharmacol., Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200032, Peop. Rep. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXianfeng Gu, Sch. Pharmacol., Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200032, Peop. Rep. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYi Zhun Zhu, Sch. Pharmacol., Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200032, Peop. Rep. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Chunhua Liu, Sch. Pharmacol., Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200032, Peop. Rep. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXianfeng Gu, Sch. Pharmacol., Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200032, Peop. Rep. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYi Zhun Zhu, Sch. Pharmacol., Fudan Univ., Shanghai 200032, Peop. Rep. ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 March 2011 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201114200Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume42, Issue14April 5, 2011 RelatedInformation
Experimental Digital Photography (2010)

Thanks to the popularity of digital photography and user-generated Internet content, interest in experimental photographic techniques continues to build. This unique guide helps photographers go beyond the snapshot, flex their creative muscles, and push the boundaries of their art. Rick Doble presents a wealth of imaginative concepts, from creating ambience through a mix of flash and available light to panning the camera and zooming the lens during an exposure. He explains how to manipulate time and motion in an image, use inventive white balance methods, and paint with light in time exposures. There are even original self-portrait techniques. Put these procedures in practice and youll make photography a riveting, even surreal, art form!
Molecular and Supramolecular Synthesis with Dibenzofuran‐Containing Systems (1997)

Abstract The template‐directed syntheses of two new tetracationic cyclophanes, cyclobis(paraquat‐2,8‐dibenzofuran) and cyclobis(paraquat‐3,7‐dibenzofuran), incorporating dibenzofuran subunits has been accomplished. Initially, the cyclophanes were self‐assembled around a macrocyclic polyether template, bis‐ p ‐phenylene[34]crown‐10 (BPP34C10), to form catenanes: the mechanical bond order of the catenane formed determined the requisite “amacrocyclic” templates for synthesis of the free cyclophane. X‐ray crystallography shows that both of the cyclophanes possess rectangular covalent frameworks. Furthermore, these cyclophanes form self‐assembled tapes in the solid state, since the dibenzofuran moieties have a tendency to associate with each other through crossed ∞–∞ stacks. The dibenzofuran‐containing catenanes also form two‐dimensional supramolecular arrays in the solid state on account of extended ∞–∞ stacking interactions. In addition, the serendipitous discovery of a plerotopic tecton (consisting of a dibenzofuran nucleus covalently linked from the 2‐ and 8‐positions by methylene groups to 4,4′‐pyridylpyridinium (hydrogen bond acceptor) and protonated bipyridinium (hydrogen bond donor) units) has been made. The tecton dimerizes in the solid state to form a supramolecular macrocycle, since its complementary hydrogen bonding sites are oriented in a horseshoelike fashion by the 2,8‐disubstituted dibenzofuran unit. However, this superstructure is not retained in the 1:1 complex of the tecton with BPP34C10: cocrystallization of the tecton with this crown ether opens the macrocyclic two‐component supermolecule to afford a hydrogen‐bonded pseudopolyrotaxane.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Viral RNA Replication Complex Reveals a Virus-Induced Mini-Organelle (2007)

Positive-strand RNA viruses are the largest genetic class of viruses and include many serious human pathogens. All positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their genomes in association with intracellular membrane rearrangements such as single- or double-membrane vesicles. However, the exact sites of RNA synthesis and crucial topological relationships between relevant membranes, vesicle interiors, surrounding lumens, and cytoplasm generally are poorly defined. We applied electron microscope tomography and complementary approaches to flock house virus (FHV)-infected Drosophila cells to provide the first 3-D analysis of such replication complexes. The sole FHV RNA replication factor, protein A, and FHV-specific 5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate incorporation localized between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes inside approximately 50-nm vesicles (spherules), which thus are FHV-induced compartments for viral RNA synthesis. All such FHV spherules were outer mitochondrial membrane invaginations with interiors connected to the cytoplasm by a necked channel of approximately 10-nm diameter, which is sufficient for ribonucleotide import and product RNA export. Tomographic, biochemical, and other results imply that FHV spherules contain, on average, three RNA replication intermediates and an interior shell of approximately 100 membrane-spanning, self-interacting protein As. The results identify spherules as the site of protein A and nascent RNA accumulation and define spherule topology, dimensions, and stoichiometry to reveal the nature and many details of the organization and function of the FHV RNA replication complex. The resulting insights appear relevant to many other positive-strand RNA viruses and support recently proposed structural and likely evolutionary parallels with retrovirus and double-stranded RNA virus virions.
Backhauling in TV White Spaces (2010)

Since the FCC's approval of unlicensed use of TV white spaces, the issue of how to use these white spaces has led to innovative technologies such as cognitive radios as well as a variety of spectrum policy proposals. There have been proposals to devise alternate rules for spectrum usage citing the overly conservative restrictions on secondary transmissions to protect incumbents. In this paper, instead, we propose to utilize white spaces for a backhaul network for internet traffic based on existing restrictions. Using the available white spaces and backhaul traffic demands in New Jersey as a case study, we evaluate the feasibility of such backhauling and present a methodology that can be used for other areas as well. Using a basic design involving fixed towers and directional antennas, our results show that the TV white spaces can be an effective medium for radio backhaul as an alternative to the costly laying of optical fiber. We also show that meeting FCC requirements on sensing and avoiding harm to wireless microphones will have only a minor impact on capacity.
Stereo vision and navigation within buildings (2005)

Soft modeling, stereo vision, motion planning, uncertainty reduction, image processing, and locomotion enable the Mobile Autonomous Robot Stanford to explore a benign indoor environment without human intervention. The modeling system describes rooms in terms of floor, walls, hinged doors and allows for unspecified obstacles. Image processing basically extracts vertical edges along the horizon using an edge appearance model. Stereo vision matches those edges using edge and grey level similarity, constraint propagation and a preference for epipolar ordering. The motion planner tries to move in a way that is likely to increase knowledge about obstacle free space. Results presented are from an autonomous run that included difficult passages such as navigation around a pillar without apriori knowledge.