gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Taste preference and psychopathology. (2012)

The results suggest the presence of an association between taste preference and psychopathology. The findings may be of interest for clinicians who are involved in the treatment of obesity. In particular, they may wish to pay increased attention to patients with sweet taste preference or who have a strong attraction for both sweet and salty foods, in order to detect psychopathology and to adapt the treatment.
Models of work-based learning, examples and reflections (2016)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify a number of different models of work-based learning (WBL) in operation at the University of Chester and provides two examples of university-employer partnership where WBL is used as the principal means for bringing about change in the workplace. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the experience of one UK University with significant WBL provision and outlines the evolutionary development of a number of different models of WBL designed to meet the specific needs of employers and individual students. Findings The paper reflects on the distinctive contribution of WBL in higher education to bring about change to the culture and working practices of two public organisations, thereby improving performance and developing new ways of working. Practical implications It will also consider the impact of WBL on learners often giving them a greater sense of their own identity and professionalism and point to the way in which WBL challenges the university as much as it challenges employer partners. Social implications Widening access to higher education and increasing participation in HE. Originality/value The identification and description of a number of different models of WBL in operation in the HE sector.
Probiotic Beverage Containing<i>Lactobacillus casei</i>Shirota Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with Chronic Constipation (2003)

The results indicate a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with chronic constipation. The administration of probiotic foodstuffs may be recommended as an adjunctive therapy of chronic constipation.
Change in the Anticoagulant Activity and Composition of a Fucan Sulfate from the Brown Seaweed Ecklonia kurome During Refrigerated Storage of the Fronds (1991)

Article Change in the Anticoagulant Activity and Composition of a Fucan Sulfate from the Brown Seaweed Ecklonia kurome During Refrigerated Storage of the Fronds was published on January 1, 1991 in the journal Botanica Marina (volume 34, issue 5).
Impact of E-advertising on Customer Purchase Decision (2012)

E-advertising is a new platform for marketers to create awareness and influence purchase decision of the consumers. It provides a way to entice people to visit the advertiser's site by clicking on the banner or button on the web site. Purchase decision is that decision making processes undertaken by consumers in regard to a potential market transaction before, during, and after the purchase of a product or service. In this study, we focus on the use of e-advertising for online purchasing. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of e-advertising on purchasing decision. This research is based on study involving a survey of 100 professionals and college going students. Firstly, factors affecting E-advertising are identified using factor analysis and then the impact of these factors on purchase decision is presented using percentage method.
The same genomic region conditions clonal deletion and clonal deviation to the CD8αα and regulatory T cell lineages in NOD versus C57BL/6 mice (2007)

Clonal deviation is a mechanism by which immature thymocytes expressing a self-reactive T cell antigen receptor (TCR) are rescued from clonal deletion by adopting an alternative differentiation pathway resistant to apoptosis. Here, we confirm and generalize previous indications that genetic alleles in NOD mice condition ineffective clonal deviation toward the CD8alphaalpha lineage, a peculiar population of TCRalphabeta lymphocytes that electively colonizes the intraepithelial lymphocyte pool in the gut. Thymic selection of CD8alphaalpha cells was very age-dependent, occurring almost exclusively in the postnatal period. Fewer CD8alphaalpha cells were found in the thymus and intraepithelial lymphocytes of BDC2.5 TCR transgenic mice on the NOD than on the C57BL/6 (B6) background; this paucity extended to standard NOD mice, albeit to a lesser extent. CD8alphaalpha cells resided in the BDC2.5 pancreatic infiltrate, and they were more abundant on the B6 than the NOD background, correlating with aggressivity of the lesion. A (B6(g7) x NOD)F(2) intercross in agonist-challenged BDC2.5 fetal thymic organ cultures demonstrated the existence of a major quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3, coincident with an interval associated with resistance to clonal deletion. A replicate linkage confirmed these positions and showed that the same region also controls clonal deviation toward the CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cell lineage. That clonal deviation toward the CD8alphaalpha and regulatory T cell pathways share genetic control further highlights the similarities between these two "rescue lineages," consistent with an immunoregulatory role for CD8alphaalpha cells.
Missing Values Imputation Based on Iterative Learning (2013)

Databases for machine learning and data mining often have missing values. How to develop effective method for missing values imputation is an important problem in the field of machine learning and data mining. In this paper, several methods for dealing with missing values in incomplete data are reviewed, and a new method for missing values imputation based on iterative learning is proposed. The proposed method is based on a basic assumption: There exist cause-effect connections among condition attribute values, and the missing values can be induced from known values. In the process of missing values imputation, a part of missing values are filled in at first and converted to known values, which are used for the next step of missing values imputation. The iterative learning process will go on until an incomplete data is entirely converted to a complete data. The paper also presents an example to illustrate the framework of iterative learning for missing values imputation.
<title>Realistic dynamic brain phantom and time-resolved measurement</title> (1999)

In the process of developing optical tomographic imaging systems for diagnosis of disease and study of brain functions of human heads, we need realistic optical phantoms which anatomically and optically simulate human heads with complicated and multi-layered structures. Previously we have reported design and fabrication methods of optical head phantoms based on MRI images of a human head. The phantoms were simulated the multilayered structure with different optical properties at five layers; i.e., skin, skull, cerebrospinal fluid layer, gray matter and white matter. Also the phantoms which were mainly made of solid resin had dynamic parts to simulate the temporal variation of physiological functions in brain. The optical properties of the liquid circulating through the dynamic part can be changed to simulate the change in oxygenation states. The material of the skin layer has been changed from solid resin to soft rubber in order to have a good contact with optical fibers. The fabricated optical head phantom has been used in time-resolved spectroscopic measurement, and the usefulness of the dynamic optical head phantom is verified.
Invariant pattern recognition using angular signature functions (1993)

A new concept for invariant pattern recognition is presented that uses object contour information. First, an angular signature of the object contour is obtained by a nonlinear operation applied to two-dimensional directional convolutions with a long, narrow kernel. The angular signature function is normalized by either its area or its energy to achieve quasi-invariance to scale. The resulting signature is then compared with template signatures for the invariant recognition for which an angular similarity measure is obtained from a one-dimensional correlation between the two signatures. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the method discussed exhibits invariance to shift and angular orientation and quasi-invariance to scale.
Liposome/DNA complexes coated with biodegradable PLA improve immune responses to plasmid encoding hepatitis B surface antigen (2002)

We hypothesized that the addition of polymer to the surface of liposome/DNA complexes may potentially enhance in vivo delivery of plasmid DNA to antigen-presenting cells and thereby facilitate enhanced immune responses to encoded protein. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously or intramuscularly three times with a total of 50 microg of the plasmid pRc/CMV-HBs(S) (ayw subtype) encoding for the hepatitis B surface antigen. We measured transgene-specific total immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG1 antibody responses as well as splenocyte and T-cell proliferation and cytokine production upon re-stimulation following immunization. Modification of lipid/DNA complexes by the polymer precipitation method used here for the addition of poly(d,l-lactic acid) was found to be consistently and significantly more effective than either unmodified liposomal DNA or naked DNA in eliciting transgene-specific immune responses to plasmid-encoded antigen when administered by the subcutaneous route. In addition, the polymer-modified formulations delivered by this route were more effective than naked DNA delivered by the intramuscular route in inducing antibody responses (n=5, P<0.03). Our observations provide 'proof of principle' for the use of these multicomponent formulations, which offer potential for manipulation and increased transfection efficiency in vivo for the purposes of genetic immunization.
Effects of activators of protein kinase C, including bryostatins 1 and 2, on the growth of A549 human lung carcinoma cells (1989)

Phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibit the growth of A549 human lung carcinoma cells at non-toxic concentrations, whereas 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol, synthetic analogues of the physiological ligands of protein kinase C (PKC), do not. Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that other activators of PKC are capable of interfering with A549 cell growth. The non-phorboid tumour promotor mezerein mimicked the growth-inhibitory effect of TPA in that it arrested growth for 5 days, after which cells proliferated again in the continued presence of the agent. TPA was 20 times more potent as a growth inhibitor than was mezerein. Bryostatin 1 at 10 nM and bryostatin 2 at 100 nM also arrested A549 cell growth and inhibited DNA replication as measured by incorporation of [methyl-3H]-thymidine into cells. Inhibition of DNA synthesis to between 90 and 75% of control values developed during the first hour of incubation of the cells with TPA, mezerein or the bryostatins. The extent of inhibition changed little during the subsequent 5 hr of incubation, after which it increased further to reach maximal values within 12 hr. At concentrations above those which caused maximal growth inhibition, the bryostatins abolished both their own inhibition of DNA synthesis and the anti-replicative effect of TPA and mezerein. The results show that activators of PKC other than phorbol esters are capable of inhibiting the growth of A549 cells. The bryostatins not only interfere with A549 cell growth but can also counter the growth-inhibitory effect of PKC activators, presumably via interaction with a target separate from the phorbol ester receptor site.
Toward Best Practices in Radiology Reporting (2009)

The goals and current efforts of the Radiological Society of North America Radiology Reporting Committee are described. The committee's charter provides an opportunity to improve the organization, content, readability, and usefulness of the radiology report and to advance the efficiency and effectiveness of the reporting process.
IEEE 802.11n: enhancements for higher throughput in wireless LANs (2005)

This article introduces a new standardization effort, IEEE 802.11n, an amendment to IEEE 802.11 standards that is capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100 Mb/s, as measured at the medium access control data services access point. The IEEE 802.11n will provide both physical layer and MAC enhancements. In this article we introduce some PHY proposals and study the fundamental issue of MAC inefficiency. We propose several MAC enhancements via various frame aggregation mechanisms that overcome the theoretical throughput limit and reach higher throughput. We classify frame aggregation mechanisms into many different and orthogonal aspects, such as distributed vs. centrally controlled, ad hoc vs. infrastructure, uplink vs. downlink, single-destination vs. multi-destination, PHY-level vs. MAC-level, single-rate vs. multirate, immediate ACK vs. delayed ACK, and no spacing vs. SIFS spacing.
Pharmacokinetics of Galanthamine Hydrobromide in Plasma and Brain of Mice (2006)

A HPLC-fluorometric method was established for the determination of galanthamine hydrobromide in plasma and brain of mice. An Intersil C18 column was used with the mobile phase of methanol-water (40∶60, containing 0.2% triethylamine, adjusted pH to 6.4 by phosphoric acid). The excitation and emission wavelengths were 290 and 320nm, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of galanthamine hydrobromide in plasma and brain of mice after a single oral dose of 4mg/kg were tmax 0.5h, Cmax (691±80.34) and (1402±230.46)μg/L, AUC0→12 h (1138.2±160.5) and (2787.7± 212.4)μg·h·L-1, AUC0→∞(1147.01±198.94)and(2829.06±171.99)μg·h·L-1, t1/2(4.6±1.4) and(5.0±2.1)h.
Random Processes: Filtering, Estimation and Detection (2003)

An understanding of random processes is crucial to many engineering fields-including communication theory, computer vision, and digital signal processing in electrical and computer engineering, and vibrational theory and stress analysis in mechanical engineering. The filtering, estimation, and detection of random processes in noisy environments are critical tasks necessary in the analysis and design of new communications systems and useful signal processing algorithms. Random Processes: Filtering, Estimation, and Detection clearly explains the basics of probability and random processes and details modern detection and estimation theory to accomplish these tasks. In this book, Lonnie Ludeman, an award-winning authority in digital signal processing, joins the fundamentals of random processes with the standard techniques of linear and nonlinear systems analysis and hypothesis testing to give signal estimation techniques, specify optimum estimation procedures, provide optimum decision rules for classification purposes, and describe performance evaluation definitions and procedures for the resulting methods. The text covers four main, interrelated topics: * Probability and characterizations of random variables and random processes * Linear and nonlinear systems with random excitations * Optimum estimation theory including both the Wiener and Kalman Filters * Detection theory for both discrete and continuous time measurements Lucid, thorough, and well-stocked with numerous examples and practice problems that emphasize the concepts discussed, Random Processes: Filtering, Estimation, and Detection is an understandable and useful text ideal as both a self-study guide for professionals in the field and as a core text for graduate students
Wind estimation using the position information from a hovering quadrotor (2016)

In this paper, an approach to estimating the wind at a fixed place is proposed by using the observed position information of a hovering quadrotor. The aerodynamic characteristics of the propeller are firstly analyzed to establish the quadrotor model in a windy environment. Then, a PID method is adopted to maintain the stable hovering flight. Next, according to the hovering state equations, the wind estimating algorithm can be obtained by decomposing three-dimensional kinematics equations into two parts, one is the motion caused by wind, and another is the motion to keep itself hovering at a fixed point. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved with the MATLAB/Simulink simulation.
BIX-01294 induces autophagy-associated cell death via EHMT2/G9a dysfunction and intracellular reactive oxygen species production (2013)

We screened a chemical library in MCF-7 cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-conjugated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) (GFP-LC3-MCF-7) using cell-based assay, and identified BIX-01294 (BIX), a selective inhibitor of euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), as a strong autophagy inducer. BIX enhanced formation of GFP-LC3 puncta, LC3-II, and free GFP, signifying autophagic activation. Inhibition of these phenomena with chloroquine and increasement in punctate dKeima ratio (550/438) signal indicated that BIX activated autophagic flux. BIX-induced cell death was suppressed by the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, or siRNA against BECN1 (VPS30/ATG6), ATG5, and ATG7, but not by caspase inhibitors. Moreover, EHMT2 siRNA augmented GFP-LC3 puncta, LC3-II, free GFP, and cell death, implying that inhibition of EHMT2 caused autophagy-mediated cell death. Treatment with EHMT2 siRNA and BIX accumulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). BIX augmented mitochondrial superoxide via NADPH oxidase activation. In addition, BIX increased hydrogen peroxide and glutathione redox potential in both cytosol and mitochondria. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) decreased BIX-induced LC3-II, GFP-LC3 puncta, and cell death, indicating that ROS instigated autophagy-dependent cell death triggered by BIX. We observed that BIX potentiated autophagy-dependent and caspase-independent cell death in estrogen receptor (ESR)-negative SKBr3 and ESR-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, HCT116 colon cancer cells, and importantly, in primary human breast and colon cancer cells. Together, the results suggest that BIX induces autophagy-dependent cell death via EHMT2 dysfunction and intracellular ROS accumulation in breast and colon cancer cells, therefore EHMT2 inhibition can be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
Progress in High Throughput Processing of Long-Length, High Quality, and Low Cost IBAD MgO Buffer Tapes at SuperPower (2009)

High rate reactive magnetron sputtering at transition mode were developed to deposit Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> layers at a routine production speed of 750 m/h (all speeds in this paper are the equivalent speed of 4 mm wide tape.) with excellent process stability over kilometer length and from run to run, and with same texture and critical current as our previous ion beam sputtering process. For the IBAD MgO process, a reactive ion beam sputtering process with higher deposition rate and long time stability has been developed and routine production speed has been increased to 360 m/h. The tape driving system has been upgraded from 6 wraps to 11 wraps in our Pilot Buffer system. Homo-epitaxial MgO process has been re-tuned with the routine production speed increased to 340 m/h. The LaMnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> routine process speed has been increased to 450 m/h by reactive sputtering of a La-Mn alloy target. Throughput was further improved by reducing total buffer process from 5 steps to 3 steps. The routine processing length of single pieces of buffer tape was increased to 1,400 m. The actual production capacity is 500 km/year now. We developed a new Direct LMO process with same I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> as our standard IBAD buffer stack and dramatically increased the yield which makes it a very promising manufacturing process.
A Density Functional Embedded Cluster Study of Proposed Active Sites in Heterogeneous Ziegler−Natta Catalysts (2002)

A number of proposed models of the active sites in TiCl4/MgCl2 heterogeneous Ziegler−Natta catalysts are examined using density functional methods. Using a number of different models for the surface, the sites formed when unreduced TiCl4 is adsorbed onto MgCl2 are predicted to be unstable. In contrast, TiCl3 and TiCl2 are found to bind strongly to MgCl2. Alternative models of the surface where one or all of the Mg atoms is replaced with Ti(II) give larger binding energies for TiCl4. Each step of the ethylene polymerization reaction is considered for each of the site models that are expected to be active. Two possible termination mechanisms, chain transfer to the monomer and β-hydrogen elimination, are also examined. The sites formed from TiCl4 bind ethylene more weakly than those formed from TiCl3. No particular trends with respect to the type of site are found for the barrier to insertion, but the direction of approach of the ethylene molecule is important. The β-hydrogen elimination termination mechanism is predicted to be much less important than chain transfer to the monomer. From a comparison of ethylene insertion and termination barriers, the TiCl3-based sites on the TiCl2 surface and the TiCl3-based Corradini site on MgCl2 are shown to be very poor catalysts while the others, in particular the TiCl3-based edge site on MgCl2, appear to be more promising models of the actual active sites.
Prospects for a MERS-CoV spike vaccine (2018)

The majority of MERS vaccines under development are based on MERS-CoV S protein, including full-length S, S1, and receptor-binding domain (RBD). While it is essential to evaluate the safety of full-length S and S1-based MERS vaccines, further improvement of the efficacy of RBD-based vaccines using novel strategies would be necessary. Overall, this review provides informative guidance for designing and developing safe and effective MERS vaccines based on viral S protein.
ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 Mediates Cellular Secretion of α-Tocopherol (2001)

Alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) is associated with plasma lipoproteins and accumulates in cell membranes throughout the body, suggesting that lipoproteins play a role in transporting alpha-TOH between tissues. Here we show that secretion of alpha-TOH from cultured cells is mediated in part by ABCA1, an ATP-binding cassette protein that transports cellular cholesterol and phospholipids to lipid-poor high density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoproteins such as apoA-I. Treatment of human fibroblasts and murine RAW264 macrophages with cholesterol and/or 8-bromo-cyclic AMP, which induces ABCA1 expression, enhanced apoA-I-mediated alpha-TOH efflux. ApoA-I lacked the ability to remove alpha-TOH from Tangier disease fibroblasts that have a nonfunctional ABCA1. BHK cells that lack an active ABCA1 pathway markedly increased secretion of alpha-TOH to apoA-I when forced to express ABCA1. ABCA1 also mediated a fraction of the alpha-TOH efflux promoted by lipid-containing HDL particles, indicating that HDL promotes alpha-TOH efflux by both ABCA1-dependent and -independent processes. Exposing apoA-I to ABCA1-expressing cells did not enhance its ability to remove alpha-TOH from cells lacking ABCA1, consistent with this transporter participating directly in the translocation of alpha-TOH to apolipoproteins. These studies provide evidence that ABCA1 mediates secretion of cellular alpha-TOH into the HDL metabolic pathway, a process that may facilitate vitamin transport between tissues and influence lipid oxidation.