gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unblind Your Apps: Predicting Natural-Language Labels for Mobile GUI Components by Deep Learning (2020)

According to the World Health Organization(WHO), it is estimated that approximately 1.3 billion people live with some forms of vision impairment globally, of whom 36 million are blind. Due to their disability, engaging these minority into the society is a challenging problem. The recent rise of smart mobile phones provides a new solution by enabling blind users' convenient access to the information and service for understanding the world. Users with vision impairment can adopt the screen reader embedded in the mobile operating systems to read the content of each screen within the app, and use gestures to interact with the phone. However, the prerequisite of using screen readers is that developers have to add natural-language labels to the image-based components when they are developing the app. Unfortunately, more than 77% apps have issues of missing labels, according to our analysis of 10,408 Android apps. Most of these issues are caused by developers' lack of awareness and knowledge in considering the minority. And even if developers want to add the labels to UI components, they may not come up with concise and clear description as most of them are of no visual issues. To overcome these challenges, we develop a deep-learning based model, called LabelDroid, to automatically predict the labels of image-based buttons by learning from large-scale commercial apps in Google Play. The experimental results show that our model can make accurate predictions and the generated labels are of higher quality than that from real Android developers.
Nonrigid Medical Image Registration Based on Mesh Deformation Constraints (2013)

Regularizing the deformation field is an important aspect in nonrigid medical image registration. By covering the template image with a triangular mesh, this paper proposes a new regularization constraint in terms of connections between mesh vertices. The connection relationship is preserved by the spring analogy method. The method is evaluated by registering cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image data obtained from different individuals. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good deformation ability and topology-preserving ability, providing a new way to the nonrigid medical image registration.
Asymmetric Cancer Hallmarks in Breast Tumors on Different Sides of the Body (2016)

During the last decades it has been established that breast cancer arises through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in different cancer related genes. These alterations confer the tumor oncogenic abilities, which can be resumed as cancer hallmarks (CH). The purpose of this study was to establish the methylation profile of CpG sites located in cancer genes in breast tumors so as to infer their potential impact on 6 CH: i.e. sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resistance to cell death, induction of angiogenesis, genome instability and invasion and metastasis. For 51 breast carcinomas, MS-MLPA derived-methylation profiles of 81 CpG sites were converted into 6 CH profiles. CH profiles distribution was tested by different statistical methods and correlated with clinical-pathological data. Unsupervised Hierarchical Cluster Analysis revealed that CH profiles segregate in two main groups (bootstrapping 90-100%), which correlate with breast laterality (p = 0.05). For validating these observations, gene expression data was obtained by RealTime-PCR in a different cohort of 25 tumors and converted into CH profiles. This analyses confirmed the same clustering and a tendency of association with breast laterality (p = 0.15). In silico analyses on gene expression data from TCGA Breast dataset from left and right breast tumors showed that they differed significantly when data was previously converted into CH profiles (p = 0.033). We show here for the first time, that breast carcinomas arising on different sides of the body present differential cancer traits inferred from methylation and expression profiles. Our results indicate that by converting methylation or expression profiles in terms of Cancer Hallmarks, it would allow to uncover veiled associations with clinical features. These results contribute with a new finding to the better understanding of breast tumor behavior, and can moreover serve as proof of principle for other bilateral cancers like lung, testes or kidney.
Detection of Endoleaks after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Value of Unenhanced and Delayed Helical CT Acquisitions (2003)

A delayed CT acquisition enables detection of additional endoleaks, while an unenhanced acquisition helps eliminate indeterminate results. Thus, both acquisitions contribute to accurate diagnosis of endoleaks when combined with an arterial phase acquisition.
Optimal floorplan area optimization (1992)

An optimal algorithm for the floorplan area optimization problem is presented. The algorithm is based on an extension of the technique of L. Stockmeyer (1983). Experimental results indicate that the authors' algorithm is efficient and capable of successfully handling large floor plans. The algorithm is compared with the branch-and-bound optimal algorithm of S. Wimer et al. (ibid., vol.8, no.2, p.139-45, 1989). The running time of the present algorithm is substantially less than that of the Wimer algorithm. For several examples where the Wimer algorithm ran for days and did not terminate, the present algorithm produced optimal solutions in a few seconds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Knowing by Imagining (2016)

Abstract This chapter argues that the common picture which paints imagining and knowing as opposites is misguided. Rather, imagination plays a key role in knowledge acquisition. Reflection on our ancestors reveals various ways in which they would have found imagination useful. When voluntarily solving problems—can I leap across this river, or do I need to take the long walk around?—or when preparing for dangers—are there wolves in the forest?—imagination would have played a key role. These reflections also suggest that imagination is both selective and reality-oriented; in the right conditions, imagination can thus confer knowledge. Denying this claim comes at a higher cost than we might have realized. Since there are important cognitive similarities between reasoning hypothetically with imagining and reasoning actually with new information, skepticism about the former would imply skepticism about the latter.
Empirical Performance Evaluation of Enterprise Wi-Fi for IIoT Applications Requiring Mobility (2021)

This paper presents empirical latency measurements of enterprise-grade Wi-Fi 6 in an industrial setting with focus on handover performance. The basic mechanisms of Wi-Fi handover are evaluated along with improvements from several IEEE 802.11 amendments. Measurements are done for both idle and loaded networks using either dedicated frequency channels or frequency re-use. The benefits of using IEEE 802.11r and optimising scanning parameters are determined. It was found that optimising channel-related scanning parameters significantly reduces latency at the 99.9%-ile, whereas IEEE 802.11r shows improvements to a lesser degree on loaded networks. The observed latency values exceed the typical requirements assumed for IIoT use cases.
Influence of contexts on vocabulary testing (2007)

s: In vocabulary testing, whether to adopt context is a heat-debated topic. In the article, an experiment is designed to investigate what is the effect of zero context and sentence context on the vocabulary testing? And how do the different kinds of context in vocabulary affect the subjects' performance? The experimental result demonstrates that sentence plays an important role in helping text-takers to figure out the correct meaning or target words.
Hochwärmeleitfähige Polymer-Compounds (2015)

Nach dem aktuellen Stand der Technik werden wärmeleitfähige thermoplastische Compounds vermehrt für Bauteile mit Entwärmungsaufgaben eingesetzt und haben somit metallische Bauteile zum Teil verdrängt. Einsatzbereiche finden sich in der Elektronik, Mechatronik aber auch in technischen Teilen in der Automobilindustrie, da bspw. die Verarbeitbarkeit im Spritzgießverfahren mehr Freiheiten bei der Formgebung ermöglicht. Weiterhin besitzen wärmeleitfähige Kunststoff-Compounds gegenüber metallischen Materialien eine wesentlich geringere Dichte und sie erlauben eine gezielte Einstellung der Materialeigenschaften durch die Variation der Füllstoffe und des Füllstoffanteils. Als Füllstoffe für wärmeleitfähige Kunststoffe haben sich organi-sche Füllstoffe (z.B. Graphit), metallische Füllstoffe (z.B. Kupfer) und keramische Füllstoffe (z.B. Bornitrid) durchgesetzt. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeitswerte von kommerziell erhältlichen Compounds liegen laut den Herstellerangaben zwischen 1 W/mK und 20 W/mK und somit um den Faktor 10 bis 100 über dem von ungefüllten Polymeren. Diese Werte konnten jedoch im Rahmen der hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen auf bis zu 30 W/mK gesteigert werden. Zum Erreichen solch hoher thermischen Leitfähigkeiten wurden bis zu 80 Gew.% an Füllstoffen in verschiedene Polymere eingebracht. Mittels einer Vielzahl an Versuchsreihen wurden neben der Wärmeleitfähigkeit auch der Einfluss auf die mechanischen Kennwerte sowie die Verarbeitbarkeit der Materialien im Extrusions- und Spritzgießprozess betrachtet. Durch den Spritzgießprozess kommt es bei gefüllten Compounds zur einer strömungsinduzierten Orientierung der Füllstoffpartikel im Bauteil. Mittels Raster-Elektronen- Mikroskop-Aufnahmen von verschiedenen Probekörpern konnte eine anisotrope Schichtstruktur nachgewiesen werden, die die Wärmeleitfähigkeit signifikant beeinflusst und eine Differenzierung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit in „through-plane“ und „in-plane“-Richtung erfordert.
Tool-Supported Refactoring of Existing Object-Oriented Code into Aspects (2006)

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) provides mechanisms for the separation of crosscutting concerns - functionalities scattered through the system and tangled with the base code. Existing systems are a natural testbed for the AOP approach since they often contain several crosscutting concerns which could not be modularized using traditional programming constructs. This paper presents an automated approach to the problem of migrating systems developed according to the object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigm into aspect-oriented programming (AOP). A simple set of six refactorings has been defined to transform OOP to AOP and has been implemented in the AOP-migrator tool, an Eclipse plug-in. A set of enabling transformations from OOP to OOP complement the initial set of refactorings. The paper presents the results of four case studies, which use the approach to migrate selected crosscutting concerns from medium-sized Java programs (in the range of 10K to 40K lines of code) into equivalent programs in AspectJ. The case study results show the feasibility of the migration and indicate the importance of the enabling transformations as a preprocessing step
Alternatively Spliced EDA Domain of Fibronectin Is a Target for Pharmacodelivery Applications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2015)

The antibody-based pharmacodelivery of cytokines to sites of disease has been extensively studied for various indications but not for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, we report that the alternatively spliced EDA domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis and of tissue remodeling, is expressed in the dextran sodium sulfate mouse model of colitis and in patients with inflammatory bowel conditions, while being virtually undetectable in most normal adult tissues. Radiolabeled preparations of the F8 antibody, specific to the EDA domain of fibronectin, were shown to selectively localize to sites of inflammation in mice with colitis, as revealed by autoradiographic analysis. Fusion proteins of the F8 antibody with various murine payloads (interleukin-4, the p40 subunit of interleukin-12, interleukin-13) were administered to mice with colitis. IL12p40-F8 mediated an anti-inflammatory activity, which was comparable with the one of cyclosporine, whereas F8-IL4 did not inhibit colitis and F8-IL13 worsened the inflammatory conditions.
Process migration in virtual memory multicomputer systems (2002)

In a distributed virtual memory system (DVM) environment, process migration can be achieved by transferring the process control block of a process to the destination node. Under DVM, the pages of a process are dynamically distributed over several nodes in the system. Therefore, a migrating process is likely to find part of its virtual space allocated to the same node to which the process has migrated. The authors address when to invoke migration, which process to migrate, and where to send the selected process. They present two approaches for solving these questions. A load index is defined as a function of the number of jobs at the node, the page fault rate, and the remaining unused memory. The load index is used to determine whether migration is needed or not. Trace driven simulation of a dynamic distributed system was used to evaluate the performance of the various process migration techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models of Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight, and application of models to radio-frequency electromagnetic-field dosimetry (2003)

With advances in computer performance, the use of high-resolution voxel models of the entire human body has become more frequent in numerical dosimetries of electromagnetic waves. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we have developed realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models for Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight. The developed models consist of cubic voxels of 2 mm on each side; the models are segmented into 51 anatomic regions. The adult female model is the first of its kind in the world and both are the first Asian voxel models (representing average Japanese) that enable numerical evaluation of electromagnetic dosimetry at high frequencies of up to 3 GHz. In this paper, we will also describe the basic SAR characteristics of the developed models for the VHF/UHF bands, calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method.
cis-Acting Elements for Light Regulation of Pea Ferredoxin I Gene Expression Are Located within Transcribed Sequences. (1989)

An intact pea gene encoding ferredoxin I (Fed-1) and several chimeric constructs containing portions of Fed-1 were introduced into tobacco plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The intact gene was correctly transcribed and translated to produce a protein that was imported into the chloroplast and processed to its mature size. Fed-1 mRNA accumulation in these plants was strongly light-dependent, as it is in pea leaves. In chimeric constructs, the Fed-1 promoter was active but no light responses were seen, even when as much as 2 kilobases of 5[prime] -flanking sequence were included. We also failed to observe clear light responses with a construct containing 3[prime] -flanking sequences from Fed-1 attached to a [beta]-glucuronidase gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. However, the transcribed portion of Fed-1 conveyed normal light responsiveness when driven by the 35S promoter. The results are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that light determines Fed-1 mRNA abundance by affecting RNA stability rather than by affecting transcription.
Pulsed corona for breaking up air bubbles in water (1994)

The injection of gas into water, through a hollow needle, gives a stream of bubbles. These bubbles can be effectively broken up by application of HV pulses. Our experimental work shows that this mechanism works in demineralized water and even in conducting tap water if the pulses have a short rise time. Bubble diameters are as low as 50 /spl mu/m. Our pulse source uses either a HV tetrode or a spark gap as switching element. Extremely small bubbles are produced at a high rate and a low power input. Applications for this method can be found in chemical process technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SAW Properties of PLZT Epitaxial Thin Films (1985)

Thin films of PLZT with (111) orientation were epitaxially grown on c-plane of sapphire by rf-magnetron sputtering. The poling treatment was carried out under an applied field along <1̄1̄2> direction of PLZT and SAW was excited along the same direction by an interdigital transducer. The coupling constant k 2 was about 0.85% for the fundamental mode of SAW at normalized thickness K d =0.42. The result indicates that the piezoelectric effect of the present PLZT thin film is as strong as BaTiO 3 .
Automated segmentation of the lateral ventricle in MR images of human brain (2015)

Segmentation of cerebral ventricle in 3D magnetic resonance images (MRI) of human brain is a crucial task for neuroimaging researches, because abnormal changes in size, shape and volume of the lateral ventricle are closely related to the progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, the major obstacles for achieving the goal of accurate segmentation of cerebral ventricle in brain MRI are the presence of imaging noise, magnetic field inhomogeneities, and anatomical variation among individuals. In this paper, a novel method for automated segmentation of cerebral ventricle in 3D MRI of human brain is presented. This method combined the Bayesian framework with the state-of-the-art super-pixel technique to accurately segment the lateral ventricle in brain MRI. Quantitative comparison has been made between the segmentation results of the proposed method and expert's manual delineation. The promising results suggested this method can be a viable choice for the clinical studies involving ventricle morphometry.
Innate immune recognition of lipopolysaccharide by endothelial cells (2002)

Endothelial cells recognize the presence of microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide via a receptor complex that contains at least three important cell surface components: CD14, Toll-like receptor-4, and MD-2. CD14 and MD-2 exist as soluble receptor components and are thought to bind to both lipopolysaccharide and Toll-like receptor-4, whereas Toll-like receptor-4 itself is the transmembrane signal transducer. Single-point mutations in MD-2 or the cytoplasmic portion of Toll-like receptor-4 abrogate the response to lipopolysaccharide. The composition of this receptor and the recruitment and activation of various cytoplasmic proteins afford at least five levels of ligand specificity and suggest that there are at least as many potential therapeutic targets for Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory states, including sepsis.
Preclinical analyses of intravesical chemotherapy for prevention of bladder cancer progression (2013)

There is a critical need to identify treatment options for patients at high risk for developing muscle invasive bladder cancer that avoid surgical removal of the bladder (cystectomy). In the current study, we have performed preclinical studies to investigate the efficacy of intravesical delivery of chemotherapy for preventing progression of bladder cancer. We evaluated three chemotherapy agents, namely cisplatin, gemcitabine, and docetaxel, which are currently in use clinically for systemic treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer and/or have been evaluated for intravesical therapy. These preclinical studies were done using a genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) model that progresses from carcinoma in situ (CIS) to invasive, metastatic bladder cancer. We performed intravesical treatment in this GEM model using cisplatin, gemcitabine, and/or docetaxel, alone or by combining two agents, and evaluated whether such treatments inhibited progression to invasive, metastatic bladder cancer. Of the three single agents tested, gemcitabine was most effective for preventing progression to invasive disease, as assessed by several relevant endpoints. However, the combinations of two agents, and particularly those including gemcitabine, were more effective for reducing both tumor and metastatic burden. Our findings suggest combination intravesical chemotherapy may provide a viable bladder-sparing treatment alternative for patients at high risk for developing invasive bladder cancer, which can be evaluated in appropriate clinical trials.
EVALUATING PORE SIZES OF BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES WITH FLUORESCENT MICROSPHERES (1989)

ABSTRACT The application of a series of monodisperse fluorescent microspheres to membrane pore-size evaluation is discussed. The microspheres are available in red, green and blue fluorescent colors in a range of diameters from 50 nanometers to 2 micrometers. Particle retention and transmission can be monitored with an epifluorescence microscope or a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Once membranes are challenged with pairs of sizes and colors, the ratio of different colors upstream and downstream can be used as an indication of the membrane's particle retention properties. A case study is presented where fluorescent spheres are used to evaluate changes in fenestral pores of rat liver membranes.
A novel compact compliant actuator design for rehabilitation robots (2013)

Rehabilitation robots have direct physical interaction with human body. Ideally, actuators for rehabilitation robots should be compliant, force controllable, and back drivable due to safety and control considerations. Various designs of Series Elastic Actuators (SEA) have been developed for these applications. However, current SEA designs face a common performance limitation due to the compromise on the spring stiffness selection. This paper presents a novel compact compliant force control actuator design for portable rehabilitation robots to overcome the performance limitations in current SEAs. Our design consists of a servomotor, a ball screw, a torsional spring between the motor and the ball screw, and a set of translational springs between the ball screw nut and the external load. The soft translational springs are used to handle the low force operation and reduce output impedance, stiction, and external shock load. The torsional spring, being in the high speed range, has high effective stiffness and improves the system bandwidth in large force operation when the translational springs are fully compressed. This design is also more compact due to the smaller size of the springs. We explain the construction and the working principle of our new design, followed by the dynamic modeling and analysis of the actuator. We also show the preliminary testing results of a prototype actuator designed for a lower limb exoskeleton for gait rehabilitation.