gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise reduction algorithms for digital hearing instruments (1999)

One of the main problems for hearing instrument users is the reduction of speech intelligibility in noisy and/or reverberant environment. To compensate for this disadvantage, noise reduction algorithms preceding or integrated in the hearing instruments’ signal processing are required. New generations of powerful digital hearing instruments enable the implementation of sophisticated algorithms, which have been partly applied in other communication devices. These algorithms offered promising benefit in previous laboratory studies with hearing instrument users. This paper presents a survey of noise reduction strategies implemented in current hearing instruments and new algorithms applicable in future devices will be given. The algorithms can be divided into different classes concerning their approach in noise reduction. One class of algorithms uses the signal from one microphone and reduces the noise by analysis of the signal characteristics. Another class of noise reduction techniques uses several microphones and exploits spatial information about the sound field to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Restrictions for the different algorithms are the computational effort and the preconditions to the interfering noise field. The expected benefit for hearing instrument users in typical everyday life hearing situations will be discussed.
Polysilazane Thermosets as Precursors for Silicon Carbide and Silicon Nitride (1994)

This chapter discusses the development of thermosetting preceramic polymers, emphasizing peroxide-curable polysilazanes. These polymers are excellent precursors for both silicon nitride and silicon carbide. Vinyl-substituted polysilazanes may be readily thermoset with peroxide initiators. In addition, a new class of polysilazanes which contain peroxide substituents directly bound to the polymer has been developed. The utility of peroxide-cured polysilazane precursors for the formation of silicon nitride articles has been demonstrated.
Anti-Semaphorin 4D Rescues Motor, Cognitive, and Respiratory Phenotypes in a Rett Syndrome Mouse Model (2021)

Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations of the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene. Abnormal physiological functions of glial cells contribute to pathogenesis of Rett syndrome. Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) regulates processes central to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration including cytoskeletal structures required for process extension, communication, and migration of glial cells. Blocking SEMA4D-induced gliosis may preserve normal glial and neuronal function and rescue neurological dysfunction in Rett syndrome. We evaluated the pre-clinical therapeutic efficacy of an anti-SEMA4D monoclonal antibody in the Rett syndrome Mecp2T158A transgenic mouse model and investigated the contribution of glial cells as a proposed mechanism of action in treated mice and in primary glial cultures isolated from Mecp2T158A/y mutant mice. SEMA4D is upregulated in neurons while glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1-positive cells are upregulated in Mecp2T158A/y mice. Anti-SEMA4D treatment ameliorates Rett syndrome-specific symptoms and improves behavioural functions in both pre-symptomatic and symptomatic cohorts of hemizygous Mecp2T158A/y male mice. Anti-SEMA4D also reduces astrocyte and microglia activation in vivo. In vitro experiments demonstrate an abnormal cytoskeletal structure in mutant astrocytes in the presence of SEMA4D, while anti-SEMA4D antibody treatment blocks SEMA4D-Plexin B1 signaling and mitigates these abnormalities. These results suggest that anti-SEMA4D immunotherapy may be an effective treatment option to alleviate symptoms and improve cognitive and motor function in Rett syndrome.
Development of an in vitro Assay System for Screening of gp41 Inhibitory Compounds (1998)

The transmembrane protein of HIV-1, gp41, mediates fusion between membranes of the virus and target cell. Strong interaction between the helical regions in the ectodomain of gp41 has been exploited to develop a method that can detect a potential inhibitor against gp41. The N-terminus coiled-coil or the C-terminus helical sequences within the ectodomain of gp41 were inserted into the C-terminus of thioredoxin (Trx) or glutathione S-transferase (GST) to generate the fusion proteins, Trx-N and GST-C, respectively. The inserted sequences of GST-C and Trx-N cause the two proteins to interact with each other and to form a complex. Furthermore, GST-C binds specifically to the surface-coated Trx-N, and the amount of attached GST-C is detected by an ELISA assay using anti-GST antibodies. Peptides derived from the helical regions of gp41 compete with GST-C for binding to Trx-N as well as prevent the gp41-mediated cell fusion. This in vitro assay system can be applied to screening compounds that have an inhibitory activity against gp41.
Structure of human factor VIIa and its implications for the triggering of blood coagulation (1999)

Factor VIIa (EC 3.4.21.21 ) is a trypsin-like serine protease that plays a key role in the blood coagulation cascade. On injury, factor VIIa forms a complex with its allosteric regulator, tissue factor, and initiates blood clotting. Although the structure of the binary complex has already been determined [Banner, D. W., D’Arcy, A., Chène, C., Winkler, F. K., Guha, A., Konigsberg, W. H., Nemerson, Y. & Kirchhofer, D. (1996) Nature (London) 380, 41–46], the conformational effects of cofactor binding to factor VIIa are not known in detail because of a lack of structural information on free factor VIIa. Here we report the structure of γ-carboxyglutamic acid-domainless human coagulation factor VIIa at a resolution of 2.8 Å. The molecule adopts an extended conformation within the crystal similar to that previously observed for the full-length protein in complex with tissue factor. Detailed comparison of free and tissue factor-bound factor VIIa reveals several structural differences. The binding mode of the active-site inhibitor d -Phe-Phe-Arg methyl ketone differs in the two structures, suggesting a role for the cofactor in substrate recognition. More importantly, a surface-exposed α-helix in the protease domain (residues 307–312), which is located at the cofactor recognition site, is distorted in the free form of factor VIIa. This subtle structural difference sheds light on the mechanism of the dramatic tissue factor-induced enhancement of factor VIIa activity.
Performance and reliability insights of drain extended FinFET devices for high voltage SoC applications (2018)

In this paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , Drain extended FinFET device design and the challenges associated with the performance and reliability are discussed. Physical insights into the performance vs. reliability trade-off for the Fin enabled high voltage designs is elaborated and compared with their planar counterpart (DeMOS). Effect of Fin width discretization over ESD reliability, Safe Operating Area and HCI reliability are discussed.
Poly(Aryl Ether Ketones) Bearing Alkyl Side Chains (2001)

Poly(aryl ether ketones) containing pendant alkyl side chains were prepared by the nucleophilic displacement reaction of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxphenyl)tridecane, 2-2,bis(4hydroxyphenyl)nonadecane and bisphenol AF with 2,2-bis-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenyl]propane and 2,2-bis[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenyl]hexa-fluoropropane in the presence of potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethylacet-amide. The polymers had inherent viscosities up to 1.04 dl g −1 in chloroform, formed creaseable films and were soluble in common organic solvents. Their dielectric constants were below 2.60 (at 10 GHz). The inclusion of the alkyl side chains lowered the T g , thermal stability and char yield of fluorinated poly(ether ketone) as expected.
Cross-plane thermoelectric transport in p-type La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/LaMnO3 oxide metal/semiconductor superlattices (2013)

The cross-plane thermoelectric transport properties of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO)/LaMnO3 (LMO) oxide metal/semiconductor superlattices were investigated. The LSMO and LMO thin-film depositions were performed using pulsed laser deposition to achieve low resistivity constituent materials for LSMO/LMO superlattice heterostructures on (100)-strontium titanate substrates. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution reciprocal space mapping indicate that the superlattices are epitaxial and pseudomorphic. Cross-plane devices were fabricated by etching cylindrical pillar structures in superlattices using inductively, this coupled-plasma reactive-ion etching. The cross-plane electrical conductivity data for LSMO/LMO superlattices reveal a lowering of the effective barrier height to 223 meV as well as an increase in cross-plane conductivity by an order of magnitude compared to high resistivity superlattices. These results suggest that controlling the oxygen deficiency in the constituent materials enables modification of the effective barrier height and increases the cross-plane conductivity in oxide superlattices. The cross-plane LSMO/LMO superlattices showed a giant Seebeck coefficient of 2560 μV/K at 300 K that increases to 16 640 μV/K at 360 K. The giant increase in the Seebeck coefficient with temperature may include a collective contribution from the interplay of charge, spin current, and phonon drag. The low resistance oxide superlattices exhibited a room temperature cross-plane thermal conductivity of 0.92 W/m K, this indicating that the suppression of thermal conductivities due to the interfaces is preserved in both low and high resistivity superlattices. The high Seebeck coefficient, the order of magnitude improvement in cross-plane conductivity, and the low thermal conductivity in LSMO/LMO superlattices resulted in a two order of magnitude increase in cross-plane power factor and thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT), compared to the properties of superlattices with higher resistivity that were reported previously. The temperature dependence of the cross-plane power factor in low resistance superlattices suggests a direction for further investigations of the potential LSMO/LMO oxide superlattices for thermoelectric devices.
Protection Elicited by a Double Leucine and Pantothenate Auxotroph of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Guinea Pigs (2004)

We developed a live, fully attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidate strain with two independent attenuating auxotrophic mutations in leucine and pantothenate biosynthesis. The deltaleuD deltapanCD double auxotroph is fully attenuated in the SCID mouse model and highly immunogenic and protective in the extremely sensitive guinea pig tuberculosis model, reducing both bacterial burden and disease pathology.
The <i>catR</i> gene encoding a catalase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> primary structure and elevated expression through increased gene copy number and use of a strong promoter (1993)

Synthetic oligonucleotide probes based on amino acid sequence data were used to identify and clone cDNA sequences encoding a catalase (catalase-R) of Aspergillus niger. One cDNA clone was subsequently used to isolate the corresponding genomic DNA sequences (designated catR). Nucleotide sequence analysis of both genomic and cDNA clones suggested that the catR coding region consists of five exons interrupted by four small introns. The deduced amino acid sequence of catalase-R spans 730 residues which show significant homology to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic catalases, particularly in regions involved in catalytic activity and binding of the haem prosthetic group. Increased expression of the catR gene was obtained by transformation of an A. niger host strain with an integrative vector carrying the cloned genomic DNA segment. Several of these transformants produced three- to fivefold higher levels of catalase than the untransformed parent strain. Hybridization analyses indicated that these strains contained multiple copies of catR integrated into the genome. A second expression vector was constructed in which the catR coding region was functionally joined to the promoter and terminator elements of the A. niger glucoamylase (glaA) gene. A. niger transformants containing this vector produced from three- to 10-fold higher levels of catalase-R than the untransformed parent strain.
Molecular resists based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) (2005)

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives have been investigated as potential candidates for high resolution resists. POSS materials are cage compounds with defined mono-disperse molecular weights. These materials are attractive candidates for molecular resist development because of their commercial availability and the ease with which they can be derivatized. These resists are more suited for bilayer resist applications because of their high silicon content. We have developed positive bilayer resists suitable for 193-nm and other emerging lithographic applications.
A method for modeling liaison in a speech recognition system for French (1998)

In French the pronunciations of many words change dramatically depending on the word immediately preceding it. The result of this phenomenon, known as “liaison”, in an ASR system that does not model “liaison” is the requirement of unnatural pronunciation and much user dissatisfaction. We present, in this paper, the development of an acoustic model which takes into account the wide variability of word pronunciations caused by the liaison, the integration of this model into a French continuous speech recognition system and decoding results.
Recent progress in electron-beam resists for advanced mask-making (2001)

Resists for advanced mask-making with high-voltage electron-beam writing tools have undergone dramatic changes over the last three decades. From PMMA and the other early chain-scission resists for micron dimensions to the aqueous-base-developable, dry-etchable chemically amplified systems being developed today, careful tuning of the chemistry and processing conditions of these resist systems has allowed the patterning of photomasks of increasing complexity containing increasingly finer features. Most recently, our research efforts have been focused on a low-activation-energy chemically amplified resist based on ketal-protected poly(hydroxystyrene). These ketal resist systems, or KRSs, have undergone a series of optimization and evaluation cycles in order to fine-tune their performance for advanced mask-fabrication applications using the 75-kV IBM EL4+ vector scan e-beam exposure system. The experiments have led to an optimized formulation, KRS-XE, that exhibits superior lithographic performance and has a high level of processing robustness. In addition, we describe advanced formulations of KRS-XE incorporating organometallic species, which have shown superior dry-etch resistance to novolak-based resists in the Cr etch process while maintaining excellent lithographic performance. Finally, current challenges facing the implementation of a chemically amplified resist in the photomask manufacturing process are outlined, along with current approaches being pursued to extend the capabilities of KRS technology.
Development of a Scalable Process for the Insecticidal Candidate Tyclopyrazoflor. Part 1. Evaluation of [3 + 2] Cyclization Strategies to 3-(3-Chloro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (2019)

The evaluation of [3 + 2] cyclization strategies to prepare a key intermediate, 3-(3-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine, for the insecticidal candidate tyclopyrazoflor (1) is described. Among the validated strategies, the route involving [3 + 2] cyclization of 3-hydrazinopyridine·2HCl with methyl acrylate was selected for further optimization. This route provided ready access to 3-(3-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine in three steps via cyclization, chlorination, and oxidation. Further functionalization of 3-(3-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine via nitration, reduction, and amide formation with 3-((3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio)propanoic acid followed by ethylation rendered 1 in a total of seven steps.
Extensible Rapid Transition Prediction for Aircraft Conceptual Design Using Modal Decomposition (2013)

Increasing interest in natural laminar flow technology has created a need for improved techniques for predicting instability growth and transition for aircraft. At the conceptualdesign stage, there is a need for rapid and reliable methods that facilitate exploration of a large number of designs. While it is believed that linear stability theory in conjunction with the e n criterion provides adequate accuracy for conceptual design, existing linear stability codes are too slow to be used so early in the design process, often requiring significant user interaction and human-in-the-loop iteration to yield reasonable results. In this paper, we present an improved methodology for rapid and robust transition prediction. The technique uses a database of linear stability results on representative boundary layers and constructs a machine-learning fit to those results. Unlike many fit-based transition prediction methods, we do not attempt to model the behavior of n-factor envelopes. Rather, we closely mimic the procedure followed in linear stability computations by modeling the local growth rate of individual modes as a function temporal frequency, spatial wave number, and several boundary-layer parameters. This enables us to reproduce sophisticated n-factor behavior that previous techniques could not. While there have been other techniques that use databases, they have generally been restricted to incompressible flows and provide no way of extending their applicability or improving their accuracy. Our methodology is far less restrictive and is easily extended to specific applications by adding relevant data based on flow conditions and aircraft geometries of interest. Recent additions to the methodology include a modal description of the velocity and temperature profiles using singular value decomposition.
Underwater detection system (1988)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Takashi Yokioka, Nobuo Fujita, Hiroyaki Hamato; Underwater detection system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 October 1988; 84 (4): 1577. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.396575 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Gamma interferon signaling: insights to development of interferon mimetics. (2006)

We have developed small peptide mimetics of gamma interferon (IFNgamma), based not on the classical model of IFNgamma initiated signaling by extracellular interaction, but rather on direct intracellular signaling by IFNgamma. IFNgamma, its receptor subunit IFNGR1, and transcription factor STAT1alpha are transported to the nucleus of cells as a complex where IFNgamma provides a classical polycationic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) for such transport. The C terminus of IFNgamma, represented here by the mouse IFNgamma peptide, IFNgamma(95-132), was capable of also forming a complex with IFNGR1 and STAT1alpha when introduced intracellularly and provided the NLS signaling for nuclear transport. Importantly, mouse IFNgamma(95-132) and human IFNgamma(95-134) mimetics both induced an antiviral state and upregulation of MHC class II molecules in cells similar to that of full length IFNgamma. Both IFNgamma and its peptide mimetics bind to an intracellular site, IFNGR1(253-287), on the cytoplasmic domain of receptor subunit IFNGR1. This binding plays a role in tyrosine phosphorylation events, catalyzed by JAK1 and JAK2 kinases that result in the phosphorylation and binding of STAT1alpha to the cytoplasmic domain of IFNGR1. Important structural requirements for IFNgamma mimetic activity are a polycationic NLS and an alpha helix in the mimetics. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitations and reporter gene studies of IFNgamma and IFNgamma mimetic treated cells indicate that they, along with IFNGR1 and STAT1alpha, bind to the GAS element of IFNgamma activated genes and participate in STAT1alpha transcription. It is important to note that IFNgamma intracellular events played the key role in development of IFNgamma mimetics.
Synthesis and properties of new family of superconducting copper oxides based on GaO layers (1992)

We have discovered the first layered superconducting copper oxide with small, fixed oxidation state cations separating the conducting CuO2 planes. This material, GaSr2Y1−xCaxCu2O7, is similar to YBa2Cu3O7 with the square planar copper chains replaced by chains of edge‐shared GaO4 tetrahedra. Thus, oxidation can occur only for the copper ion located in square pyramidal coordination in the CuO2 plane. The undoped parent compound, x=0, does not show magnetic order above 4K, probably due to the presence of the thick, ionic region separating the CuO2 planes. However, this ionic region does not suppress high Tc superconductivity (∼70K) for the doped compositions.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of bacterial fructosyl amino acid oxidase (2005)

Bacterial fructosyl amino acid oxidase [fructosyl alpha-L-amino acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (defructosylating); EC 1.5.3] has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique using sodium citrate as the precipitant. Two types of crystals were grown: one type are rhombic prismatic yellow crystals that belong to space group C2 with unit-cell parameters a = 101.08, b = 63.36, c = 83.07 A, beta = 108.80 degrees and diffract to at least 1.8 A resolution, while the second type are rod-like crystals that belong to space group P4(1)22 or P4(3)22 with unit-cell parameters a = b = 119.09, c = 164.66 A and diffract to 2.7 A resolution.
Space suit may have orthotic applications (1972)

Application of movable joints for spacesuits to orthotic and prosthetic devices is discussed. Specifications of the joints, degrees of movement, and details of construction are described. Illustrations of the equipment are provided.