gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of preinvasive neoplastic progression in animal models of chemical carcinogenesis (1997)

An assay method that precisely quantitates the cellular and tissue changes associated with early, preinvasive neoplasia is much needed as a surrogate endpoint biomarker (SEB) in clinical trials to predict the potential efficacy of chemopreventive agents in bringing about cancer incidence reduction. Quantification of histological changes at the tissue level are potentially powerful SEB's since these visually apparent changes are common in all neoplastic development, regardless of tissue type or neoplastic cause. Currently, subjective inspection of the histological appearance of sectioned and stained material, or "grading," by experienced pathologists is used to evaluate neoplastic progression. This has well-known limitations of reproducibility, accuracy, and resolution of grading scale. Since neoplastic changes are visually apparent and morphologic in nature, quantification by image analysis is a measurement modality of choice. Image analysis was implemented through the use of high-resolution "tiled" images of complete tissue sections. A histological grading system, or "scale," was developed that could be expressed in terms of normal deviate units of multiple and different morphometric descriptors. Neoplastic growth was characterized quantitatively with multiple measurements on each tissue image tile, which were combined into a single number for each tile, i.e., a histologic grade per tile, and parameters from the distributions of these measurements were used to represent the histologic grade for the entire region considered. This concept provided a uniform final scale in similar units of measurement, regardless of which tissues were graded. Also, the grading scale automatically adjusted measurement variance for different tissues by using normal tissue for each different type to obtain the normalization to standard deviation (z) units. This further defined a uniform final scale and maintained standard references. Using this method, results from two well-known animal models of carcinogenesis, squamous cell carcinoma of SENCAR mouse skin induced by benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P), and squamous cell carcinoma of the rat esophagus induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA), were compared to each other. Image analysis was performed on skin tissue sections from a total of 64 SENCAR mice, and esophagus tissue sections from 96 Fischer-344 rats. In both cases, a quantitative expression of the preinvasive neoplastic response to the carcinogen as a function of time of exposure was expressed along a continuous grading scale in standard deviation units (z). In the SENCAR mouse skin animal model, similar cohorts of 4 mice at 20 weeks showed significant modulation of B[a]P-induced neoplasia by treatment with the antiproliferative agent difluoromethylornithine, P < .05. In the rat esophagus animal model, similar cohorts of 6 rats at 10 and 15 weeks showed significant modulation of NMBA-induced neoplasia by treatment with the antimutagen phenethyl isothiocyanate, P < .05.
<i>β</i> <sub>2</sub> -Adrenoreceptor Agonist-Enhanced Recovery of Locomotor Function after Spinal Cord Injury Is Glutathione Dependent (2006)

The beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist, clenbuterol, has been shown to spare spinal cord tissue and enhance locomotor recovery in an experimental model of spinal cord contusion injury. A likely mechanism of neurodegeneration following spinal cord injury involves generation of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g., O2-*, H2O2 and OH*, which overwhelm endogenous antioxidants. Agents, such as clenbuterol, that oppose neurodegeneration and improve recovery of locomotor function may possibly act by improving redox status. Consistent with reduced oxidative stress by beta2-agonist treatment following injury, prior blockade of synthesis of the antioxidant tripeptide, glutathione, with buthionine sulfoximine completely inhibited the ability of clenbuterol to enhance locomotor recovery and spare spinal cord tissue. Moreover, at 8 h postinjury, clenbuterol caused an increase in glutathione reductase activity, an indicator of cellular redox status, at the injury site that was also blocked by buthionine sulfoximine. Although clenbuterol improved locomotor recovery only when administered within a therapeutic window of several days postinjury, the accumulation of protein carbonyls in the spinal cord at 1 week postinjury, a consequence of ongoing ROS-mediated neurodegeneration, was also decreased by clenbuterol in a glutathione-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that activation of beta2-adrenoreceptors during the acute phase of injury stimulates glutathione-dependent antioxidative processes, that lead to reduced oxidative damage and greater locomotor function as the injury evolves during the subacute and chronic phases.
Porcine Parainfluenza Virus Type 1 (PPIV-1) in U.S. Swine: Summary of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Data (2017)

Porcine Parainfluenza-1 (PPIV-1) is a Paramyxovirus inthe genus Respirovirus. To evaluatethe frequency of detection of PPIV-1 on farms in the United States, theIowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) conducted an analysis of clinical samples submitted from Spring toFall 2016.Thirty-four percent of diagnostic samples tested both prospectively (70/204) and retrospectively (472/1385) were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which suggests PPIV-1 is widespread.
Oxygen Effect on <i>Dehalococcoides</i> Viability and Biomarker Quantification (2008)

Oxygen-sensitive Dehalococcoides bacteria play crucial roles in detoxification of chlorinated contaminants (e.g., chlorinated ethenes), and bioremediation monitoring relies on quantification of Dehalococcoides DNA and RNA biomarkers. To explore the effects of oxygen on Dehalococcoides activity, viability, and biomarker quantification, batch experiments with a tetrachloroethene-to-ethene dechlorinating consortium (Bio-Dechlor INOCULUM [BDI]) harboring multiple Dehalococcoides strains were performed to quantify the effects of < or = 4 mg/L dissolved oxygen. Oxygen inhibited reductive dechlorination, and only incomplete dechlorination to vinyl chloride (VC) occurred following oxygen consumption and extended incubation periods (89 days). Following 30 days of oxygen exposure and subsequent oxygen removal (i.e., reversibility experiments), all trichloroethene- (TCE-) fed cultures dechlorinated TCE to VC, but VC dechlorination to ethene occurred in only one out of fourteen replicates. These results suggest that Dehalococcoides strains respond differently to oxygen exposure, and strains catalyzing the VC-to-ethene dechlorination step are more susceptible to oxygen inhibition. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis detected a 1-1.5 order-of-magnitude decrease in the number of Dehalococcoides biomarker genes (i.e., 16S rRNA gene and the reductive dehalogenase [RDase] genes tceA, vcrA, bvcA) in the oxygen-amended cultures, but qPCR analysis failed to distinguish viable, dechlorinating from irreversibly inhibited (nonviable) Dehalococcoides cells. Reverse transcriptase qPCR (RT-qPCR) detected Dehalococcoides gene transcripts in the oxygen-amended, non-dechlorinating cultures, and biomarker transcription did not always correlate with dechlorination (in)activity. Enhanced molecular tools that complement existing protocols and provide quantitative information on the viability and activity of the Dehalococcoides population are desirable.
P‐134: A Spatial Light Modulator with a Two‐Dimensional Array of Liquid Crystal Bubbles (2014)

Abstract A spatial light modulator (SLM) modulates one of the properties (amplitude, phase, polarization) of an optical wavefront that may be electrical, optical or pressure sensitive. This SLM is formed via surface‐assisted assembly of a two‐dimensional array cholesteric liquid crystal bubbles in an electro‐optical cell. This SLM device serves as an input transducer enabling active or bistable processing operations to control of light transmission or scattering. This finding will be useful for optical display and touch applications.
Template-dependent, in vitro replication of rotavirus RNA (1994)

A template-dependent, in vitro rotavirus RNA replication system was established. The system initiated and synthesized full-length double-stranded RNAs on rotavirus positive-sense template RNAs. Native rotavirus mRNAs or in vitro transcripts, with bona fide 3' and 5' termini, derived from rotavirus cDNAs functioned as templates. Replicase activity was associated with a subviral particle containing VP1, VP2, and VP3 and was derived from native virions or baculovirus coexpression of rotavirus genes. A cis-acting signal involved in replication was localized within the 26 3'-terminal nucleotides of a reporter template RNA. Various biochemical and biophysical parameters affecting the efficiency of replication were examined to optimize the replication system. A replication system capable of in vitro initiation has not been previously described for Reoviridae.
Integrated Formation Evaluation Using Novel Neutron Correction in the Presence of Trace Elements (2019)

Abstract The estimation of formation porosity in particular and formation volumetrics in general are key to any reservoir evaluation as they establish the hydrocarbon storage capacity. Compensated neutron porosity is one of the most common measurements incorporated in any log-based volumetric analysis. However, this type of measurement is strongly affected by the presence of trace elements, especially in clay rich formations. Trace elements, such as boron and gadolinium, have very high neutron capture cross-sections and absorb large amounts of thermal neutrons in the formation. Whenever these elements are present in concentrations exceeding just a few parts per million they have a significant effect on overall thermal neutron capture, yielding high apparent neutron porosity. When the measurement is included in an integrated log analysis system, this results in inaccurate formation porosity and matrix volumes. A reliable neutron porosity correction method is therefore needed to improve petrophysical evaluation in in such logging environments. In this work, an integrated model is proposed to correct the compensated neutron response using pulsed neutron spectroscopy measurements and other conventional log data. A joined inversion method is implemented which obtains an improved neutron response by removing the undesirable contributions by the trace elements which are not a part of the formation petrophysical model. The proposed model is validated, by applying it to several data sets from different shale plays in North America and Latin America, and comparing the results against core analysis data. Due to presence of rich trace elements in the formation, without the correction model, the original processing results indicate up to 50% higher formation porosity when compared with core measurements. After applying the proposed correction, the porosity comparison is dramatically improved, matching the reference core porosity. The proposed model offers an effective, integrated analysis method, in challenging unconventional clay-rich shale environments, for correct estimation of formation porosity and volumes of mineral constituents.
Enabling Human-Like Task Identification From Natural Conversation (2019)

A robot as a coworker or a cohabitant is becoming mainstream day-by-day with the development of low-cost sophisticated hardware. However, an accompanying software stack that can aid the usability of the robotic hardware remains the bottleneck of the process, especially if the robot is not dedicated to a single job. Programming a multi-purpose robot requires an on the fly mission scheduling capability that involves task identification and plan generation. The problem dimension increases if the robot accepts tasks from a human in natural language. Though recent advances in NLP and planner development can solve a variety of complex problems, their amalgamation for a dynamic robotic task handler is used in a limited scope. Specifically, the problem of formulating a planning problem from natural language instructions is not studied in details. In this work, we provide a non-trivial method to combine an NLP engine and a planner such that a robot can successfully identify tasks and all the relevant parameters and generate an accurate plan for the task. Additionally, some mechanism is required to resolve the ambiguity or missing pieces of information in natural language instruction. Thus, we also develop a dialogue strategy that aims to gather additional information with minimal question-answer iterations and only when it is necessary. This work makes a significant stride towards enabling a human-like task understanding capability in a robot.
Monomeric and Polymeric <i>N</i>-Halamine Disinfectants (1998)

A new series of N-halamine compounds have been synthesized and tested in aqueous solution and on various substrates for efficacy at inactivating bacteria. The compounds, which are 3-halo-4-[[(alkylacryl)oxy]methyl]-4-ethyl-2-oxazolidinones, are inexpensive to synthesize and can be polymerized to form polymeric N-halamine compounds. They are efficient biocides in their monomeric form in aqueous solution, and when polymerized, they can be coated on glass, plastic, and fibrous materials for use as surface-active disinfection agents.
Fiber-free Characterization of Photonic Integrated Circuits by Thermoreflectance Microscopy (2007)

We demonstrate the use of amplified spontaneous emission in thermoreflectance imaging of photonic integrated circuits for fiber-free characterization of the integrated cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers.
Photonic crystal structures for improved scintillator performance (2013)

The ability to extract scintillation light from a crystal with efficiency and speed has great potential to realize the much needed gains in the performance of numerous radiation detection and imaging instruments. Such high performance spectrometers/imaging instruments are vital in medical imaging, industrial, and homeland security applications for the detection, localization, and energy classification of X-rays, γ-rays or neutrons. We report on the development of photonic crystal structures for improving the performance of scintillators. Photonic crystals permit effective utilization of the scintillation light which is otherwise lost when a high refractive index scintillator is coupled to a photodetector with low refractive index window, thereby substantially improving the light extraction efficiency, and energy and timing resolution. We have fabricated these photonic crystal structures using electron-beam lithography technique. Details of the design, fabrication and characterization of the photonic crystals, and their impact on scintillator performance are described here.
Network-coded caching-aided multicast for efficient content delivery (2013)

Consider a content delivery network in which storage and transport resources, characterized by their capacity and cost (e.g., energy) efficiency, are used to meet users' content object requests. The goal is to find the evolution of the objects being stored and transported by the network resources that meets user requests, satisfies network resource capacities and minimizes overall network cost. We first present a constructive offline solution that provides the maximum network efficiency (or minimum cost per object delivered) that can be achieved by dynamically exploiting network-coded caching and multicasting under arbitrary time-varying demands. We refer to the solution scheme as a dynamic network-coded caching-aided multicast (NCCAM) scheme, and illustrate it in a 6-node butterfly network. We then consider a single time period in which each user requests an arbitrary subset of content objects. We formulate the problem as a network coding problem on a caching-augmented graph and show that under uniform demand, random linear coded caching and multicasting is sufficient for achieving minimum cost caching-aided multicast. For the arbitrary demand scenario, we provide the transport-storage-popularity tradeoff of a polynomial-time solution that uses uncoded caching according to object popularity and random linear coded transmission. We show that while for skewed Zipf object popularity such a simple scheme achieves close to optimal performance, as the Zipf parameter approaches zero (uniform popularity), significant cost reductions can be obtained by optimizing the transport configuration at the expense of increased computational complexity.
On a possibility to decrease magnetic intensity in microwave/dc cyclotron wave converter (2004)

This paper discusses CWC which uses two microwave cavities having uniform and quadruple electric fields in the interaction gaps which makes it possible to reduce magnetic intensity in two times. CWC demands magnetic intensity, which corresponds to the cyclotron frequency /spl omega//sub c/ equal to the frequency /spl omega/ of external microwave power source. This requirement (/spl omega//sub c/=/spl omega/) usually creates essential technical problems, especially in the short centimetric and millimetric wavebands.
Behavior of liposomes in flow injection systems (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBehavior of liposomes in flow injection systemsLaurie. Locascio-Brown, Anne L. Plant, and Richard A. DurstCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 8, 792–797Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00159a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00159a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Par j 1 and Par j 2, the two major allergens in <i>Parietaria judaica</i>, bind preferentially to monoacylated negative lipids (2009)

Par j 1 and Par j 2 proteins are the two major allergens in Parietaria judaica pollen, one of the main causes of allergic diseases in the Mediterranean area. Each of them contains eight cysteine residues organized in a pattern identical to that found in plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins. The 139- and 102-residue recombinant allergens, corresponding respectively to Par j 1 and Par j 2, refold properly to fully functional forms, whose immunological properties resemble those of the molecules purified from the natural source. Molecular modeling shows that, despite the lack of extensive primary structure homology with nonspecific lipid transfer proteins, both allergens contain a hydrophobic cavity suited to accommodate a lipid ligand. In the present study, we present novel evidence for the formation of complexes of these natural and recombinant proteins from Parietaria pollen with lipidic molecules. The dissociation constant of oleyl-lyso-phosphatidylcholine is 9.1 +/- 1.2 microm for recombinant Par j 1, whereas pyrenedodecanoic acid shows a much higher affinity, with a dissociation constant of approximately 1 microm for both recombinant proteins, as well as for the natural mixture. Lipid binding does not alter the secondary structure content of the protein but is very efficient in protecting disulfide bonds from reduction by dithiothreitol. We show that Par j 1 and Par j 2 not only bind lipids from micellar dispersions, but also are able to extract and transfer negative phospholipids from bilayers.
Two-Inch Aluminum Nitride (AIN) Single Crystal Growth for Commercial Applications (2021)

Aluminum Nitride (AlN) is an Ultra-wide Bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor that attracts significant interest for its potential application for high power switches, high power density, high frequency and high operating temperature for rf. Currently, AlN substrates are being used for ultraviolet (UV) light emitters at wavelengths shorter than 300nm including UVC Light Emitting Diodes (UVC LED) as well as laser diodes. Successful commercialization of the aluminum nitride as an UWBG substrate depends on several factors such as substrate availability, size, quality, and cost. Here we report on the current status of the bulk growth of AlN single-crystals as well as their subsequent processing for making substrates.
ChargeView: An integrated tool for implementing chargeback in IT systems (2008)

Most organizations are becoming increasingly reliant on IT product and services to manage their daily operations. The total cost of ownership (TCO), which includes the hardware and software purchase cost, management cost, etc., has significantly increased and forms one of the major portions of the total expenditure of the company. CIOs have been struggling to justify the increased costs and at the same time fulfill the IT needs of their organizations. For businesses to be successful, these costs need to be carefully accounted and attributed to specific processes or user groups/departments responsible for the consumption of IT resources. This process is called IT chargeback and although desirable, is hard to implement because of the increased consolidation of IT resources via technologies like virtualization. Current IT chargeback methods are either too complex or too adhoc, and often a times lead to unnecessary tensions between IT and business departments and fail to achieve the goal for which chargeback was implemented. This paper presents a new tool called ChargeView that automates the process of IT costing and chargeback. First, it provides a flexible hierarchical framework that encapsulates the cost of IT operations at different level of granularity. Second, it provides an easy way to account for different kind of hardware and management costs. Third, it permits implementation of multiple chargeback policies that fit the organization goals and establishes relationship between the cost and the usage by different users and departments within an organization. Finally, its advanced analytics functions can keep track of usage and cost trends, measure unused resources and aid in determining service pricing. We discuss the prototype implementation of ChargeView and show how it has been used for managing complex systems and storage networks.
A new approach to photometry of glycated hemoglobin in human blood. (1984)

This new approach to measurement of glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1) is a three-step procedure involving (a) conversion of oxyhemoglobin into NO-hemoglobin by sodium dithionite and sodium nitrite in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate; (b) incubation with haptoglobin, which preferentially binds glycated hemoglobin; and (c) determination of the hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex by its peroxidase activity in acid buffer. The procedure is suitable for automated analysis with instruments that are capable of adding a starting reagent. We describe preliminary adaptations for the Abbott VP and Hitachi 705 analyzers and demonstrate the correlation of results with Hb A1 concentrations determined by ion-exchange chromatography.