gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanostructure Formation and Passivation of Large‐Area Black Silicon for Solar Cell Applications (2012)

Nanoscale textured silicon and its passivation are explored by simple low-cost metal-assisted chemical etching and thermal oxidation, and large-area black silicon was fabricated both on single-crystalline Si and multicrystalline Si for solar cell applications. When the Si surface was etched by HF/AgNO(3) solution for 4 or 5 min, nanopores formed in the Si surface, 50-100 nm in diameter and 200-300 nm deep. The nanoscale textured silicon surface turns into an effective medium with a gradually varying refractive index, which leads to the low reflectivity and black appearance of the samples. Mean reflectance was reduced to as low as 2% for crystalline Si and 4% for multicrystalline Si from 300 to 1000 nm, with no antireflective (AR) coating. A black-etched multicrystalline-Si of 156 mm × 156 mm was used to fabricate a primary solar cell with no surface passivation or AR coating. Its conversion efficiency (η) was 11.5%. The cell conversion efficiency was increased greatly by using surface passivation process, which proved very useful in suppressing excess carrier recombination on the nanostructured surface. Finally, a black m-Si cell with efficiency of 15.8% was achieved by using SiO(2) and SiN(X) bilayer passivation structure, indicating that passivation plays a key role in large-scale manufacture of black silicon solar cells.
Integration of the Personally Controlled Electronic Medical Record into a Regional and Data Exchange: A National Demonstration. (2006)

We present the approach taken in a Massachusetts-based national demonstration project to integrate the IndivoHealth (formerly known as PING1) personally controlled health record (PCHR) with the MA-SHARE2 network, the statewide inter-organizational data exchange. We describe how we have created a patient-controlled gateway to the network, and how PCHRs have become a first class data source in the network. Background The PCHR is a digital collection of a patient’s medical history, integrated across sites of care and over time. Their successful adoption and diffusion is a national priority that requires seamless integration with emerging regional and national data health exchange architectures. We describe how we have solved two challenges: 1)
Auction Based Models for Ticket Allocation Problem in IT Service Delivery Industry (2008)

In this paper, we study the service request (ticket) allocation problem which arises in every IT service delivery organization. We refer to this problem as Ticket Allocation Problem (TAP). We first show that TAP is an instance of the online scheduling problem on unrelated machines, which is known to be a hard problem. Next, we describe a baseline model, namely push model, that deals with the TAP. The push model is an industry wide standard and can be used with any known online scheduling algorithm for unrelated machines. To elaborate this further, we discuss a well known Generalized List Scheduling algorithm which can be used by the push model. We prove a bound for this algorithm's competitive ratio which beats all the known bounds. We show that push model suffers from an inherent inefficiency due to scheduler having incomplete and imprecise information regarding agents' proficiency. Finally, we show that if the scheduling algorithm used by the push model can be converted into a truthful auction mechanism then all the inefficiencies of the push model can be overcome. We refer to the resulting model as the pull model. To illustrate the idea, we map the Generalized List Scheduling algorithm into a truthful auction mechanism. Through simulation experiments, we show that the auction based pull model results in higher efficiency than the push model.
A new way of extending network coverage: Relay-assisted D2D communications in 3GPP (2016)

Wireless relaying in cellular networks has attracted considerable attention because of its capability of extending coverage and improving transmission reliability. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) had standardized the relaying functionality in Release 10. In Release 13, the concept of relaying has been evolved to combine it with device-to-device communications for extending network coverage further. In this paper, a state-of-the-art 3GPP relay technology called the UE-to-Network relay that provides a novel approach of extending network coverage will be introduced briefly.
Railway Track Pedestrian Crossing between Platforms (2014)

This project is used for automatically close or open the mobile platforms in between the track trains.
Maximum a Posteriori Policy Optimisation (2018)

We introduce a new algorithm for reinforcement learning called Maximum aposteriori Policy Optimisation (MPO) based on coordinate ascent on a relative entropy objective. We show that several existing methods can directly be related to our derivation. We develop two off-policy algorithms and demonstrate that they are competitive with the state-of-the-art in deep reinforcement learning. In particular, for continuous control, our method outperforms existing methods with respect to sample efficiency, premature convergence and robustness to hyperparameter settings while achieving similar or better final performance.
Modeling Individual and Group Actions in Meetings: A Two-Layer HMM Framework (2005)

We address the problem of recognizing sequences of human interaction patterns in meetings, with the goal of structuring them in semantic terms. The investigated patterns are inherently group-based (defined by the individual activities of meeting participants, and their interplay), and multimodal (as captured by cameras and microphones). By defining a proper set of individual actions, group actions can be modeled as a two-layer process, one that models basic individual activities from low-level audio-visual features, and another one that models the interactions. We propose a two-layer Hidden Markov Model (HMM) framework that implements such concept in a principled manner, and that has advantages over previous works. First, by decomposing the problem hierarchically, learning is performed on low-dimensional observation spaces, which results in simpler models. Second, our framework is easier to interpret, as both individual and group actions have a clear meaning, and thus easier to improve. Third, different HMM models can be used in each layer, to better reflect the nature of each subproblem. Our framework is general and extensible, and we illustrate it with a set of eight group actions, using a public five-hour meeting corpus. Experiments and comparison with a single-layer HMM baseline system show its validity.
A New Method to Reconfigure BAW-SMR Filters Using CMOS Transistors (2007)

This paper presents a new method to reconfigure the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters by adding inductors to the shunt resonators and by controlling these inductors with CMOS transistors that act as switches. We show an application of this new technique to a filter designed for the WLAN-802.11 b/g standard (2400-2480 MHz). In a first step, the filter design was realized for implementation in a SiP context to validate our architecture and to evaluate the potential of this new method. Applying this technique enables us to increase approximately 32% the original bandwidth and to improve the out of band rejection.
Release profiles of 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives from polycarbonate matrices in vitro. (1982)

Release profiles of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (ftorafur, tegafur) and 1, 3-bis-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (FD-1) from poly-(ethylene carbonate) and poly (propylene carbonate) pellets were examined in vitro. Because of poor compatibility of 5-FU with polycarbonates, 5-FU was quickly released from the pellets. Release of ftorafur from pellets of both polycarbonates was sustained. Release profiles of FD-1 from polycarbonate pellets were complex but extended. Release of ftorafur and FD-1 from pellets of a 9 : 1 mixture of poly (ethylene carbonate) and poly-(propylene carbonate) was less sustained than those from the individual polymers.
A Novel Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glass Featuring Antibacterial Properties (2000)

Antibacterial effects are highly desirable in biomaterials for dental, orthopaedic, and tissue engineering applications. The study herein reports on the bacteriostatic properties of a new composition of bioactive glass derived by the sol-gel process. Ag2O was incorporated into the SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system. Leaching of the Ag+ ion from the glass conferred strong bacteriostatic properties to the system. In vitro antibacterial tests on sam (+) and gram (-) bacteria showed that in the presence of bioactive glass no significant alteration of the cell concentration occurs. Conversely the novel silver-doped bioactive glass causes a dramatic decrease of cell population for each of the bacteria under investigation. Unlike antibiotics the silver ion does not cause bacterial resistance. This property, together with its broad spectrum of action, makes silver an exceptionally versatile in situ antibacterial agent.
Ultrasonic characterization of polymer viscoelasticity. Application to polystyrene (1989)

Abstract Ultrasonics is presented as a powerful method for the thermomechanical analysis of polymers. An experiment is described where the specific volume of a polymer is measured in simultaneity with the acoustic parameters. The technique allows full control of the thermal history in the temperature range from — 150°C to 300°C, where the material goes from a glasslike to a liquidlike state. Moreover the technique allows measurements to be performed at different pressures, up to 2 kbar. Results obtained on a typical amorphous polymer (polystyrene) are reported and the propagation of sound is discussed in regards to the well defined thermodynamic state for the material. Also, the results discriminate between the thermodynamic and the relaxational aspects of the glass transition.
Backdoor Embedding in Convolutional Neural Network Models via Invisible Perturbation (2018)

Deep learning models have consistently outperformed traditional machine learning models in various classification tasks, including image classification. As such, they have become increasingly prevalent in many real world applications including those where security is of great concern. Such popularity, however, may attract attackers to exploit the vulnerabilities of the deployed deep learning models and launch attacks against security-sensitive applications. In this paper, we focus on a specific type of data poisoning attack, which we refer to as a {\em backdoor injection attack}. The main goal of the adversary performing such attack is to generate and inject a backdoor into a deep learning model that can be triggered to recognize certain embedded patterns with a target label of the attacker's choice. Additionally, a backdoor injection attack should occur in a stealthy manner, without undermining the efficacy of the victim model. Specifically, we propose two approaches for generating a backdoor that is hardly perceptible yet effective in poisoning the model. We consider two attack settings, with backdoor injection carried out either before model training or during model updating. We carry out extensive experimental evaluations under various assumptions on the adversary model, and demonstrate that such attacks can be effective and achieve a high attack success rate (above $90\%$) at a small cost of model accuracy loss (below $1\%$) with a small injection rate (around $1\%$), even under the weakest assumption wherein the adversary has no knowledge either of the original training data or the classifier model.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Safety and Feasibility Study in India. (2015)

UC-MSCs administration not only resulted in the stabilization of muscle power but also did not show GVHD or any deleterious effects on the patients and thus may be considered as safe option for treatment of DMD as compared to control untreated group although further larger double-blinded studies are needed.
Transfer RNA splicing in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: defining the substrates (1984)

The primary sequences of all the tRNA precursors which contain intervening sequences and which accumulate in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae rnal mutant are presented. A combination of DNA and RNA sequence analysis has led to elucidation of the primary sequence of four hitherto uncharacterized precursors. The location of the intervening sequence has in all cases been unambiguously determined by analysis of the intermediates in the splicing reaction. Secondary structures based upon the tRNA cloverleaf are shown for all the tRNA precursors and discussed with respect to common recognition by the yeast splicing endonuclease.
5-Pyrrolidin-2-yltetrazole: A New, Catalytic, More Soluble Alternative to Proline in an Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich-type Reaction (2004)

A Mannich-type addition of ketones to N-PMP protected α-imino ethyl glyoxalate is catalyzed by a new proline analogue, 5-pyrrolidin-2-yltetrazole 1. The new organocatalyst has significant advantage over its parent in that it can be used in non-polar solvents without loss of enantioselectivity.
High-Density Physical Random Number Generator Using Spin Signals in Multidomain Ferromagnetic Layer (2015)

A high-density random number generator (RNG) based on spin signals in a multidomain ferromagnetic layer in a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is proposed and fabricated. Unlike conventional spin-based RNGs, the proposed method does not require one to control an applied current, leading to a time delay in the system. RNG demonstrations are performed at room temperature. The randomness of the bit sequences generated by the proposed RNG is verified using the FIPS 140-2 statistical test suite provided by the NIST. The test results validate the effectiveness of the proposed RNGs. Our results suggest that we can obtain high-density, ultrafast RNGs if we can achieve high integration on the chip.
Capillary electrophoresis : theory and practice (1993)

History and Development of Capillary Electrophoresis (P. Camilleri). General Instrumentation and Detection Systems (N. J. Dovichi). Separation of Small Organic Molecules by Capillary Electrophoresis (W. G. Kuhr). Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography (K. R. Nielsen and J. P. Foley). Separation of Enantiomers by Capillary Electrophoresis (G. N. Okafo and P. Camilleri). Separation of Proteins and Peptides by Capillary Electrophoresis (H. E. Schwartz, R. H. Palmieri, and R. Brown). Oligonucleotides (G. Schomburg). Interfacing Capillary Electrophoresis with Mass Spectrometry (S. Pleasance and P. Thibault). Capillary Electrophoresis in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research (D. Perrett). Appendices: Manufacturers and Suppliers of CE Equipment and Components (D. Perrett). List of Buffers and Additives for Capillary Electrophoresis Separation (G. N. Okafo). Examples of Capillary Electrophoresis Separations. Index.
SOS response and the mechanism of adaptive tolerance in Escherichia coli (2010)

Bacteria produce persisters, a small subpopulation of cells that neither grow nor die in the presence of antibiotics. Persisters are tolerant against exposure to multiple antibiotics and they likely contribute to the relapse of bacterial infections after antibiotic therapy. The mechanism of persister formation is unknown, although several studies have pointed towards redundancy in persister formation mechanisms and the possible involvement of chromosomal toxin-antitoxin modules. While studying the genetic requirements for Escherichia coli persister survival after exposure to the DNA damaging antibiotic ciprofloxacin, we found that persister formation was an adaptive response to the antibiotic. Survivors to ciprofloxacin exhibited low levels of SOS induction and their survival depended largely on the SOSinducible small toxic peptide TisB. Ectopic overproduction of TisB decreased proton motive force and induced growth arrest and multidrug tolerance. Further, synthesized TisB peptide formed an anion-selective pore in an artificial lipid bilayer system. These results suggest that TisB acts as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation after induction of the SOS response. These results challenge the common view of persisters as a metabolically inactive entity and show that persistence is in part an inducible response specific to a certain stress.
Image Colorization Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel approach that uses deep learning techniques for colorizing grayscale images. By utilizing a pre-trained convolutional neural network, which is originally designed for image classification, we are able to separate content and style of different images and recombine them into a single image. We then propose a method that can add colors to a grayscale image by combining its content with style of a color image having semantic similarity with the grayscale one. As an application, to our knowledge the first of its kind, we use the proposed method to colorize images of ukiyo-e a genre of Japanese painting?and obtain interesting results, showing the potential of this method in the growing field of computer assisted art.
Longitudinal Study of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Bacteriophages and Their Hosts from Broiler Chickens (2004)

A longitudinal study of bacteriophages and their hosts was carried out at a broiler house that had been identified as having a population of Campylobacter-specific bacteriophages. Cloacal and excreta samples were collected from three successive broiler flocks reared in the same barn. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from each flock, whereas bacteriophages could be isolated from flocks 1 and 2 but were not isolated from flock 3. The bacteriophages isolated from flocks 1 and 2 were closely related to each other in terms of host range, morphology, genome size, and genetic content. All Campylobacter isolates from flock 1 were genotypically indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE and multilocus sequence typing indicated that this C. jejuni type was maintained from flock 1 to flock 2 but was largely superseded by three genetically distinct C. jejuni types insensitive to the resident bacteriophages. All isolates from the third batch of birds were insensitive to bacteriophages and genotypically distinct. These results are significant because this is the first study of an environmental population of C. jejuni bacteriophages and their influence on the Campylobacter populations of broiler house chickens. The role of developing bacteriophage resistance was investigated as this is a possible obstacle to the use of bacteriophage therapy to reduce the numbers of campylobacters in chickens. In this broiler house succession was largely due to incursion of new genotypes rather than to de novo development of resistance.
Therapeutic Immunization with a Virion Host Shutoff-Defective, Replication-Incompetent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Strain Limits Recurrent Herpetic Ocular Infection (2002)

Immunization of mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutant viruses containing deletions in the gene for virion host shutoff (vhs) protein diminishes primary and recurrent corneal infection with wild-type HSV-1. vhs mutant viruses are severely attenuated in vivo but establish latent infections in sensory neurons. A safer HSV-1 mutant vaccine strain, Delta41Delta29, has combined vhs and replication (ICP8-) deficits and protects BALB/c mice against primary corneal infection equivalent to a vhs- strain (BGS41). Here, we tested the hypothesis that Delta41Delta29 can protect as well as BGS41 in a therapeutic setting. Because immune response induction varies with the mouse and virus strains studied, we first determined the effect of prophylactic Delta41Delta29 vaccination on primary ocular infection of NIH inbred mice with HSV-1 McKrae, a model system used to evaluate therapeutic vaccines. In a dose-dependent fashion, prophylactic Delta41Delta29 vaccination decreased postchallenge tear film virus titers and ocular disease incidence and severity while eliciting high levels of HSV-specific antibodies. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated a dominant role for immune serum and a lesser role for immune cells in mediating prophylactic protection. Therapeutically, vaccination with Delta41Delta29 effectively reduced the incidence of UV-B-induced recurrent virus shedding in latently infected mice. Therapeutic Delta41Delta29 and BGS41 vaccination decreased corneal opacity and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses while elevating antibody titers, compared to controls. These data indicate that replication is not a prerequisite for generation of therapeutic immunity by live HSV mutant virus vaccines and raise the possibility that genetically tailored replication-defective viruses may make effective and safe therapeutic vaccines.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Membranolide (1990)

The first total synthesis of racemic membranolide [methyl α-methyl-6-(1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone-7-acetate] is described starting from o-methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide and 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one.
Deciding Handover Points Based on Context-Aware Load Balancing in a WiFi-WiMAX Heterogeneous Network Environment (2015)

The heterogeneous network (HetNet) is an important concept for next-generation wireless Internet architecture and Internet of Things, where several wireless technologies can coexist, and the users should have the flexibility to select the connectivity based on the environmental condition and application demands. IEEE 802.11 (or WiFi) and IEEE 802.16 (or WiMAX) are the two primary building block technologies for HetNets because of their sustainability, cost effectiveness, well-deployed architectures, and ability to support high-data-rate wireless communications. The existing literature has extensively studied the interoperability between these two technologies, and seamless handover schemes are designed to support WiFi-WiMAX integration in a HetNet environment. However, effective utilization of these two technologies from the end users' point of view is another important research area. We have the following question: When should a user migrate between these two technologies in a HetNet environment? This paper proposes a handover decision mechanism in a WiFi-WiMAX integrated HetNet environment, which supports the “quality of service” and “quality of experience” requirements of the end users. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is analyzed using simulation results.
Pulp and Dentin Tissue Engineering and Regeneration: Current Progress (2009)

Dental pulp tissue is vulnerable to infection. Entire pulp amputation followed by pulp-space disinfection and filling with an artificial rubber-like material is employed to treat the infection - commonly known as root-canal therapy. Regeneration of pulp tissue has been difficult as the tissue is encased in dentin without collateral blood supply except from the root apical end. However, with the advent of the concept of modern tissue engineering and the discovery of dental stem cells, regeneration of pulp and dentin has been tested. This article will review the early attempts to regenerate pulp tissue and the current endeavor of pulp and dentin tissue engineering, and regeneration. The prospective outcome of the current advancement in this line of research will be discussed.