gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insect Immunity. Purification and Properties of Three Inducible Bactericidal Proteins from Hemolymph of Immunized Pupae of <i>Hyalophora cecropia</i> (1980)

Three inducible bacteriolytic proteins, designated P7, P9A and P9B, from the hemolymph of immunized pupae of the giant silk moth Hyalophora cecropia have been purified using a two-step procedure with cation-exchange chromatography. Purified protein P7 has a molecular weight of 15000 and its amino acid composition shows a great similarity to that of the lysozyme from the wax moth Galleria mellonella. Moreover, heat stability, pH-rate profile and bacteriolytic specificity also indicate that protein P7 is a lysozyme. The other purified proteins, P9A and P9B, are highly potent against Escherichia coli and some other gram-negative bacteria. The amino acid compositions of proteins P9A and P9B are very similar, although the contents of glutamic acid and methionine were different. The molecular weights of these very basic proteins are around 7000. The P9 proteins are heat stable; their activities were retained after 30 min incubation at 100 degrees C. Both forms of protein P9 clearly differ from the lysozyme class of enzymes and they may represent a new type of bacteriolytic protein.
Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in Pig and Mouse Tissues (2001)

A highly sensitive and specific method has been developed to reproducibly detect and quantitate Toxoplasma gondii burden in animal tissue samples using T. gondii ITS1-derived primers and a fluorogenic probe via real-time PCR. Assay specificity was confirmed against a panel of DNA samples from T. gondii and other common protozoa as well as host animal tissue. This Toxo TaqMan assay was able to detect as little as 0.1 pg of T. gondii genomic DNA, which is equivalent to 1 T. gondii bradyzoite, and has a dynamic range of detection of from 100 ng to 100 fg of T. gondii DNA. Tissues from experimentally infected mice and pigs as well as bradyzoite-spiked pig muscle samples were used to test and standardize this technique. Positive signals were obtained with T. gondii parasite concentrations ranging from 4 to 3.7 x 10(5) parasites per g of spiked pig tissue, with excellent linearity (R(2) = 0.9776). All T. gondii-infected animals were correctly identified by this technique. Results indicate that this assay is applicable to swine carcasses and commercial pig products, is compatible with automation technology for potential slaughterhouse use, and will enable scientists to diagnose and quantitate T. gondii in animal tissues.
Extending Parrotron: An End-to-End, Speech Conversion and Speech Recognition Model for Atypical Speech (2021)

We present an extended Parrotron model: a single, end-to-end network that enables voice conversion and recognition simultaneously. Input spectrograms are transformed to output spectrograms in the voice of a predetermined target speaker while also generating hypotheses in a target vocabulary. We study the performance of this novel architecture, which jointly predicts speech and text, on atypical (e.g. dysarthric) speech. We show that with as little as an hour of atypical speech, speaker adaptation can yield a 77% relative reduction in Word Error Rate (WER), measured by ASR performance on the converted speech. We also show that data augmentation using a customized synthesizer built on atypical speech can provide an additional 10% relative improvement over the best speaker-adapted model. Finally, we show how these methods generalize across 8 types of atypical speech for a range of speech impairment severities.
Evolution of a 4-Benzyloxy-benzylamino Chemotype to Provide Efficacious, Potent, and Isoform Selective PPARα Agonists as Leads for Retinal Disorders (2020)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed in retinal Müller cells, endothelial cells, and in retinal pigment epithelium; agonism of PPARα with genetic or pharmacological tools ameliorates inflammation, vascular leakage, neurodegeneration, and neovascularization associated with retinal diseases in animal models. As such, PPARα is a promising drug target for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Herein, we report proof-of-concept in vivo efficacy in an streptozotocin-induced vascular leakage model (rat) and preliminary pharmacokinetic assessment of a first-generation lead <b>4a</b> (A91). Additionally, we present the design, synthesis, and evaluation of second-generation analogues, which led to the discovery of <b>4u</b> and related compounds that reach cellular potencies <50 nM and exhibit >2,700-fold selectivity for PPARα over other PPAR isoforms. These studies identify a pipeline of candidates positioned for detailed PK/PD and pre-clinical evaluation.
The world wide telecom web browser (2008)

As the number of telephony voice applications grow, there will be a need for a browser to surf the Web of interconnected voice applications (called as VoiceSites). These VoiceSites are accessed through a telephone over an audio channel. We present the concept and architecture of T-Web Browser, a World Wide Telecom Web browser that enables browsing the Web of voice applications through an ordinary phone. This browser will support rich browsing features such as history and bookmarking.
A consensus<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>promoter sequence (2000)

We have determined the transcription start points (tsp) for recently identified Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 genes, kgp, rgpA, rgpB (formerly designated prtK, prtR, and prtRII respectively), fetB and the mcmAB operon. Alignment of the DNA upstream of these tsp and those from the literature has enabled us to identify consensus sequences that may represent a P. gingivalis promoter. There is a potential -10 hexamer sequence, 5'-TATATT-3' centred on average at -10/11 nt which is repeated at -19/20 nt and an upstream consensus, 5'-CAGAT(A/G)-3' which is centred at -39/40 nt.
K-space model of motion artifacts in synthetic transmit ultrasound imaging (2004)

Synthetic transmit aperture (STA) imaging gives the possibility to acquire an image with only few emissions and is appealing for 3D ultrasound imaging. Even though the number of emissions is low, the change in position of the scatterers prohibits the coherent summations of ultrasound echoes and leads to distortions in the image. In order to develop motion compensation and/or velocity estimation algorithms a thorough and intuitive understanding of the nature of motion artifacts is needed. This paper proposes a simple 2D broad band model for STA images, based on the acquisition procedure and the beamformation algorithm. In STA imaging a single element transmits a cylindrical wave. All elements are used in receive, and by applying different delays a low resolution image (LRI) is beamformed. A Fourier relation exists between the aperture function and all points in the beamformed LRI. This relation is used to develop an approximation of the point spread function (PSF) of a LRI. It is shown that the PSF of LRIs obtained by transmitting with different elements can be viewed as rotated versions of each other. Summing several LRIs gives a high resolution image. The model approximates the PSF of a high resolution image as a sum of rotated PSFs of a single LRI. The approximation is validated with a Field II simulation. The model predicts and explains the motion artifacts, and gives an intuitive feeling of what would happen for different velocities.
Mining energy traces to aid in software development (2014)

Context: With the advent of increased computing on mobile devices such as phones and tablets, it has become crucial to pay attention to the energy consumption of mobile applications.
Continuation power flow based on a novel local geometric parameterisation approach (2014)

Continuation power flow based on global parameterisations cannot overcome the Jacobian matrix singularity for some voltage instability cases with strong local characteristics and local parameterisation methods may need a forced parameter‐switching strategy at the lower part of P–V curve and a special step‐length tuning algorithm. The upper part of P – V curve can be solved through conventional newton power flow easily with load factor as parameterisation variable. Therefore this study focuses on tracing the segment near the saddle‐node bifurcation (SNB) point and the lower part of P – V curve. A new local geometric parameterisation technique is proposed, which can trace P–V curve with a fixed step‐length of parameterisation variable and no parameter‐switching strategy is needed in most cases. The Jacobian matrix singularity near the SNB is avoided by the addition of a linear equation, which is determined from the selected bus voltage magnitude and the loading factor. The method to deal with limit‐induced bifurcation problems is also considered in this study.
Holographic Terrain Simulation (1977)

Abstract : A feasibility analysis of a holographic terrain simulation concept is described. Experimental work in which photographs of terrain are holographically stored and then displayed is evaluated. Advantages of holographic storage of analog images include multiplexing capability of several images stored at one location and the advantage of displayed image stability from a moving hologram array. Future efforts and investigations are outlined. (Author)
Fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI): a pathway to controlled high-efficiency clean combustion (2011)

A fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) concept is demonstrated as a promising method to achieve high efficiency – clean combustion. Engine experiments were performed in a heavy-duty test engine over a range of loads. Additionally, RCCI engine experiments were compared to conventional diesel engine experiments. Detailed computational fluid dynamics modelling was then used to explain the experimentally observed trends. Specifically, it was found that RCCI combustion is capable of operating over a wide range of engine loads with near zero levels of NO x and soot, acceptable pressure rise rate and ringing intensity, and very high indicated efficiency. For example, a peak gross indicated efficiency of 56 per cent was observed at 9.3 bar indicated mean effective pressure and 1300 rev/min. The comparison between RCCI and conventional diesel showed a reduction in NO x by three orders of magnitude, a reduction in soot by a factor of six, and an increase in gross indicated efficiency of 16.4 per cent (i.e. 7.9 per cent more of the fuel energy was converted to useful work). The simulation results showed that the improvement in fuel conversion efficiency was due both to reductions in heat transfer losses and improved control over the start- and end-of-combustion.
The Development of L<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub>RuCHR Olefin Metathesis Catalysts:  An Organometallic Success Story (2000)

In recent years, the olefin metathesis reaction has attracted widespread attention as a versatile carbon-carbon bond-forming method. Many new applications have become possible because of major advances in catalyst design. State-of-the-art ruthenium catalysts are not only highly active but also compatible with most functional groups and easy to use. This Account traces the ideas and discoveries that were instrumental in the development of these catalysts, with particular emphasis on (PCy3)2Cl2Ru=CHPh and its derivatives. The discussion includes an analysis of trends in catalyst activity, a description of catalysts coordinated with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, and an overview of ongoing work to improve the activity, stability, and selectivity of this family of L2X2Ru=CHR complexes.
10-(Alkylamino)-4H-thieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzodiazepines. A novel class of potential neuroleptic agents (1979)

An investigation of the structural requirements for CNS activity of the title compounds was undertaken. A synthesis of the precursor dihydro-10H-thieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzodiazepin-10-ones was achieved and three routes for their conversion to the title compounds were developed. The compounds were tested for neuroleptic activity by means of the blockade or d-amphetamine lethality in aggregated mice and/or effects on locomotor activity in rats. Antidepressant activity was examined using inhibition of tetrabenazine-induced depression in mice. Most of the compounds were found to be potent neuroleptic agents with several exhibiting additional antidepressant activity.
Acousto-optic fiber-optic frequency shifter using periodic contact with a copropagating surface acoustic wave (1986)

The phase-matching condition required for efficient acousto-optic polarization coupling limits the operation of some types of fiber-optic frequency shifters to relatively low frequencies (1–2 MHz). Collinear phase matching can occur at higher frequencies if the acoustically induced coupling is made spatially periodic. Using this technique, a frequency shifter operating at 5.6 MHz (2.8 times the usual collinear phase-matching frequency) has been demonstrated. A maximum coupling efficiency of 26% was achieved using 32 W of electrical input power. A 3-dB modulation bandwidth of 110 kHz resulted for the design described here. Unwanted spectral components were suppressed by 24 dB.
Expression of mutant keratin cDNAs in epithelial cells reveals possible mechanisms for initiation and assembly of intermediate filaments. (1989)

We have deleted cDNA sequences encoding portions of the amino- and carboxy-terminal end of a human type I epidermal keratin K14, and examined the molecular consequences of forcing the expression of these mutants in simple epithelial and squamous cell carcinoma lines. To follow the expression of our mutant products in transfected cells, we have tagged the 3' end of the K14 coding sequence with a sequence encoding an antigenic domain of the neuropeptide substance P. Using DNA transfection and immunohistochemistry (with an antibody against substance P), we have defined the limits of K14 sequence necessary to incorporate into a keratin filament network in vivo without disrupting its architecture. We have also uncovered major differences in the behavior of carboxy- and amino-terminal alpha-helical mutants which do perturb the cytoskeletal network of IFs: whereas carboxy terminal mutants give rise to aggregates of keratin in the cytoplasm, amino-terminal mutants tend to produce aggregates of keratins which seem to localize at the nuclear surface. An examination of the phenotypes generated by the carboxy and amino-terminal mutants and the behavior of cells at late times after transfection suggests a model whereby initiation of filament assembly occurs at discrete sites on the nuclear envelope and filaments grow from the nucleus toward the cytoplasm.
Reduced molybdenum states in hydrodesulfurization: investigations using Chevrel phase catalysts (1984)

A series of reduced molybdenum sulfides known as Chevrel phases were used as catalysts for thiophene hydrodesulfurization and were determined to have desulfurization activities comparable to model molybdenum sulfide catalysts. Cobalt, iron, copper, and holmium ternary compounds were prepared with unusual promotional activity for holmium and copper. Hydrogenation and cracking activities of all Chevrel phase catalysts were observed to be very low. Characterization by x-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, and XPS demonstrated that the catalysts were stable under reaction conditions. Oxidation states for molybdenum less than that for MoS/sub 2/ were detected.
In Vivo Assessment of Retinal Biomarkers by Hyperspectral Imaging: Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease (2019)

A noninvasive and cost-effective means to detect preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and monitor disease progression would be invaluable. The retina is a developmental extension of the brain and has been viewed as a window to evaluate AD-related pathology. Cross-sectional studies have shown structural changes in the retina of AD patients that include thinning of the retinal nerve-fiber layer and changes in retinal vasculature. However, such changes do not manifest in early stages of the disease nor are they specific biomarkers for AD. Described herein is the utilization of our retinal hyperspectral imaging (rHSI) technique as a biomarker for identification of AD-related early pathological changes in the retina. Specifically, this account concerns the translation of our rHSI technique from animal models to human AD subjects. The underlying principle is Rayleigh light scattering, which is expected from low-order Aβ aggregates present in early pathology. Recruitment was restricted to AD subjects (<i>N</i> = 19) and age-matched controls, with no family history of AD (<i>N</i> = 16). To limit the influence of skin pigmentation, subjects were restricted to those with skin pigmentation values of 2-3 on the Fitzpatrick scale. The largest spectral deviation from control subjects, rHSI signature, was obtained at the MCI stage with MMSE scores ⩾22, suggesting higher sensitivity of this technique in early disease stages. The rHSI signature observed is unaffected by eye pathologies such as glaucoma and cataract. Age of the subjects minimally influenced the spectral signatures. The rHSI technique shows promise for detection of preclinical AD; it is conducted in a truly noninvasive manner, without application of an exogenous label, and is thus potentially suitable for population screening.
Type Curves for Analyzing Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (1986)

ABSTRACT A solution representing flow at the wellbore in a naturally fractured reservoir is presented in this paper. The model used to develop this solution assumes unsteady state interaction between the fractures and the matrix. Wellbore storage and skin are considered in determining the boundary conditions for this model. A new set of type curves for analyzing pressure transient data from naturally fractured reservoirs is presented. Each type curve within the set is for a different value of CDe2S. Each type curve presents one radial flow solution with the associated family of curves approximating behavior at intermediate flow times. Each curve within a family is for a different ω′λ′e-2S product, where ω′ and λ′ depend upon fracture/matrix storativity and permeability ratio, respectively. Ambiguity is eliminated when a simultaneous match of data against the dimensionless pressure curves and the differential dimensionless pressure curves is performed. Reservoir and well parameters including permeability, skin, dimensionless wellbore storage, ω′, and λ′ can be calculated from this match. Truer matches against actual natural fracture pressure transient data are obtained by using these curves instead of existing type curves. The principal advantages of using these curves are discussed. The first advantage is that when sufficient transition period data is measured, Horner data does not have to be available for an analysis to be performed. Actual pressure buildup data is used to illustrate this. Secondly, after reviewing many actual well tests, the upper practical limit on values for permeability ratio has been expanded. Values for λ′ &gt; 10-3 can now be calculated. Use of these curves is explained in detail. Applicability of the curves is demonstrated by successfully matching actual pressure transient data against the curves.
True Amplitude Stacking for Moment Magnitude Estimation of Microseismic Events (2014)

Summary We develop methodology of moment magnitude estimation for microseismic events. Our method is designed for stacking true amplitude waveforms recorded with surface array. We show that magnitude can be determined from the stack of amplitudes corrected for radiation pattern and propagation effects such as geometrical spreading, attenuation and free surface boundary. From the stack of corrected waveforms we find low frequency limit of displacement of the stack and calculate seismic moment. We show that a traditional method of estimating moment magnitude on each trace and averaging is consistent with stacking method introduced in this paper. This method can be used for much weaker events whereas traditional methodology cannot.
Characteristic of ZnSe aspheric beam homogenizer for CO 2 laser (2003)

Laser processing is now being used increasingly in the area of electronics, especially, for drilling micro holes in printed circuit. But the intensity distribution of laser beam mainly based on Gaussian is not uniform. Therefore, the demand for uniform intensity distribution is rising rapidly in the field of heat processing. To obtain higher uniformity, attempts must be made to convert non-uniform Gaussian distribution into top-hat shaped uniform intensity distribution for smoothly bending laser beams. In this study the authors propose an aspheric beam homogenizer made from ZnSe that can convert non-uniform Gaussian distribution into top-hat shaped uniform intensity distribution. The ZnSe beam homogenizer consists of two aspheric lenses. First one converts Gaussian profile to uniform irradiation, and second one performs phase matching. The authors design this optical component with a special method based on wave optics. In the design, the authors define the target intensity distribution as the super-Gaussian shaped one instead of completely uniform top-hat shaped one. Compared with the homogenizers of traditional design, the newly designed homogenizer achieved 70% increase in the uniformity of signal intensity even after propagation. The paper reports the measured intensity distribution after propagation from the beam homogenizer with high power CO<sub>2</sub> laser.
Wormhole run-time reconfiguration (1997)

Configurable Computing Machines (CCMs) are an emerging class of computing platform which provide the computational performance benefits of ASICs, yet retain the flexibility and rapid reconfigurability of general purpose microprocessors. In these platforms, computational is essentially swapped in and out of the platform as needed, much like paging in virtual memory systems. For an efficient platform, the swapping of the computational hardware (referred to as Run-Time Reconfiguration, or RTR) must be rapid. Thus far, the means of altering the configuration of CCMs has relied on global control strategies that present a fundamental bottleneck to the potential bandwidth of configuration information flowing into the CCM. Wormhole Run-time Reconfiguration is presented as a distributed control methodology that is applicable not only to the problem of device-level CCM reconfiguration, but to system-wide concurrent computing as a whole. The Virginia Tech Colt/Stallion integrated circuits are computational FPGAs incorporating Wormhole RTR concepts, and are discussed as a case study.
Design of Multiuser Downlink Linear MIMO Precoding Systems With Quantized Feedback (2009)

We treat the problem of sum-rate maximization via scheduling and linear precoding in multiuser (MU) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with quantized feedback. We formulate the optimal quantized linear precoder design problem and provide the numerical procedure for finding the solution. We also provide a simple scheduling scheme that exploits the MU diversity gain. With the aim of sum-rate maximization, we further address the quantization codebook design based on the capacity measure by introducing a new distance metric. It is demonstrated that, with or without scheduling, the proposed optimal linear precoding scheme achieves significant gain over the conventional linear precoder designs with similar feedback overhead, such as the zero-forcing precoder. Moreover, although the proposed quantization codebook design improves the performance of other existing MU-MIMO precoding schemes, the performance gain offered by it is typically much higher when it is coupled with the proposed linear precoding design.