gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Maps, Morphometry, and Variability of Cytoarchitectonic Areas in the Human Superior Parietal Cortex (2008)

Recently, 8 areas (5Ci, 5M, 5L, 7PC, 7A, 7P, 7M, hIP3) in the human superior parietal cortex (SPC) were delineated in 10 postmortem brains using observer-independent cytoarchitectonic analysis. Here we present 3D probabilistic maps of these areas, quantifying the interindividual overlap for each voxel in stereotaxic reference space, and a maximum probability map, providing a contiguous parcellation. For all areas, we determined probabilities of mutual borders, calculated stereotaxic centers of gravity, and estimated volumes. A basic pattern of areas and borders was observed, which showed, however, intersubject variations and a significant interhemispheric asymmetry (7P, 7M) that may be functionally relevant. There was a trend toward higher intersubject anatomical variability in lateral compared with medial areas. For several areas (5M, 7PC, 7A, 7P), variability was significantly higher in the left hemisphere and/or in men, whereas for areas 5Ci and 5M there was a hemisphere-by-gender interaction. Differences in anatomical variability could bias group analyses in functional imaging studies by reducing sensitivity for activations of entities with high variability. The probabilistic maps provide an objective anatomical reference and account for the structural variability of the human brain. Integrated into functional imaging experiments, they can improve structure-function investigations of the human SPC.
One-step assembly of a hierarchically porous phenolic resin-type polymer with high stability for CO<sub>2</sub>capture and conversion (2016)

A hierarchically porous phenolic resin-type polymer has been successfully prepared by a solvothermal reaction. Given the relatively high surface area, hierarchical pores, good stability and abundant -OH reactive groups, this polymer exhibits high CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption and efficient catalytic conversion for CO<sub>2</sub> cycloaddition.
Solubility and Digestibility of Milk Proteins in Infant Formulas Exposed to Different Heat Treatments (1992)

There are presently several fundamentally different technologies to produce infant formulas (IF), such as sterilization, spray-drying, and treatment at ultrahigh temperature (UHT). The effects of heat treatment on milk proteins in IF were analyzed by column chromatography, gel electrophoresis, and Kjeldahl analysis, revealing strong protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions in processed milk. These interactions were more pronounced in conventionally (in-can) sterilized than in spray-dried (powdered) and UHT products confirming their temperature dependency. Analysis of raw materials, intermediate and end products of IF processing revealed that after homogenization the first indications of protein denaturation occurred, but that in-can sterilization as the final heat treatment caused irreversible denaturation of proteins and strong protein-lipid interactions. Lowering of the pH to 4-5, which is physiological for the stomach of young infants, enhanced the interactions. Support for an impairment of protein digestibility was given by in vitro analysis of protein digestibility, demonstrating significantly lower digestibility of in-can sterilized IF compared to their spray-dried and UHT counterparts. To investigate the effect of heat treatment on chemical reactions, i.e., occurrence of Maillard products, we showed by a fluorimetric assay that the amount of "available" lysine is lower in sterilized than in powdered IF. Our findings suggest that a more differentiated view regarding the protein quality of IF is needed.
A Fluidic Loading Mechanism for Phase Reconfigurable Reflectarray Elements (2011)

A fluidic-based approach is proposed as a means to reconfigure the reflected phase of a microstrip reflectarray element. Reactive loading for reconfiguration is provided by altering the volume fraction of a fluidic colloidal dispersion within a device. Aspects of design, modeling, and measurement are discussed for a unit-cell prototype design. The impact of losses within the fluidic and colloidal material systems are also investigated. Measurements from waveguide experiments demonstrate up to 220° of phase change and a return loss of less than 2 dB at the operating frequency of 3 GHz.
True Incidence of Pacemaker Syndrome (1990)

Although the purported incidence of pacemaker syndrome according to the literature is only 5%-15%, this is based on a series of patients with VVI pacing. Increasing numbers of studies are being reported in which patients prefer the dual chamber mode despite little benefit being demonstrated on objective testing, suggesting that pacemaker syndrome may be more common than is generally reported. This study was designed to evaluate the reported symptoms in a series of patients programmed to both the VVI and one or more dual chamber modes. Forty unselected patients with dual chamber pacemakers were entered into a blind, randomized trial comparing the symptoms associated with VVI pacing to those associated with dual chamber pacing. Patients were randomized to either VVI or dual chamber pacing. At the end of 1 week, questionnaires rating 16 different symptoms were completed. Blood pressure, LV function, presence of ventriculoatrial conduction, and ability to override the pacemaker were evaluated. The pacemaker was then programmed to the other mode. Overall, 12 of 16 symptoms were significantly worse in the VVI as compared to dual chamber mode. The most highly significant (P less than 0.005) were shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue, pulsations in the neck or abdomen, cough, and apprehension. Pacemaker syndrome was clinically recognized in 83% of patients paced in the VVI mode with 65% of patients experiencing moderate to severe symptoms. There were no readily identified clinical, hemodynamic, or electrophysiological parameters that predicted which patients would develop pacemaker syndrome. Thus, when patients have an opportunity to experience both pacing modes in close proximity to one another, there is a high incidence of pacemaker syndrome in the VVI mode.
Fluorescent gangliosides as probes for the retention and organization of fibronectin by ganglioside-deficient mouse cells. (1985)

Ganglioside-deficient transformed mouse fibroblasts (NCTC 2071A cells), which grow in serum-free medium, synthesize fibronectin but do not retain it on the cell surface. When fluorescent derivatives of gangliosides, containing either rhodamine or Lucifer yellow CH attached to the sialic acid residues, were added to the culture medium, the cells incorporated the derivatives and their surfaces became highly fluorescent. When the cells were stained with anti-fibronectin antibodies and a fluorescent second antibody, fibrillar strands of fibronectin were observed to be attached to the cell surface, with partial coincidence of the patterns of direct ganglioside fluorescence and indirect fibronectin immunofluorescence at the cell surface. When the cells were exposed to bacterial neuraminidase during the time of ganglioside insertion, similar patterns of fluorescence were observed. Because the fluorescent gangliosides are resistant to the enzyme, these results suggest that neuraminidase-sensitive endogenous glycoconjugates were not involved in the ganglioside-mediated retention and organization of endogenous fibronectin. After cells were exposed to exogenous chicken fibronectin, most of the fibronectin was attached to the substratum and only a few fibrils were attached to the cells. When exogenous gangliosides were included in the incubation, there was a striking increase in cell-associated exogenous fibronectin, which was highly organized into a fibrillar network. Conversely, cells incubated for 18 h with exogenous unmodified gangliosides exhibited a highly organized network of endogenously derived fibronectin. Upon further incubation of the cells for 2 h with fluorescent gangliosides, there was considerable co-distribution of the fluorescent gangliosides with the fibronectin network as revealed by immunofluorescence. Our results support the concept that gangliosides can mediate the attachment of fibronectin to the cell surface and its organization into a fibrillar network.
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of placental hGH-V cDNA (1988)

We have previously demonstrated the presence in human placenta and maternal serum of a GH variant, called human placental growth hormone (hPGH). We have also shown that the hGH-V gene is expressed at the placental level thus possibly coding for hPGH. The hGH-V cDNA has now been isolated from a lambda gt 11 human placenta cDNA library. Its sequence has been determined which firmly establishes the GH-V gene mode of splicing as well as the GH-V protein structure. Our data give final evidence of placental hGH-V gene expression and reinforce the hypothesis of identity between the hGH-V protein and hPGH.
Frequency warping and the Mel scale (2002)

We present experimental results that show that the scale-factor relating the formant frequencies of different speakers increases with decreasing values of formant frequency. Based on these results, we experimentally obtain a frequency warping function aimed at separating speaker dependencies from the inherent characterization of the sound. We find that the frequency warping function is similar to the Mel scale, and we believe that this is the first time that a Mel-like scale has been obtained using only speech. Our results and methods may therefore explain, from a speech point of view, the Mel scale, which was obtained historically from hearing based experiments.
An Adaptive Conditional Zero-Forcing Decoder With Full-Diversity, Least Complexity and Essentially-ML Performance for STBCs (2012)

A low complexity, essentially-ML decoding technique for the Golden code and the three antenna Perfect code was introduced by Sirianunpiboon, Howard and Calderbank. Though no theoretical analysis of the decoder was given, the simulations showed that this decoding technique has almost maximum-likelihood (ML) performance. Inspired by this technique, in this paper we introduce two new low complexity decoders for Space-Time Block Codes (STBCs)-the Adaptive Conditional Zero-Forcing (ACZF) decoder and the ACZF decoder with successive interference cancellation (ACZF-SIC), which include as a special case the decoding technique of Sirianunpiboon We show that both ACZF and ACZF-SIC decoders are capable of achieving full-diversity, and we give a set of sufficient conditions for an STBC to give full-diversity with these decoders. We then show that the Golden code, the three and four antenna Perfect codes, the three antenna Threaded Algebraic Space-Time code and the four antenna rate 2 code of Srinath and Rajan are all full-diversity ACZF/ACZF-SIC decodable with complexity strictly less than that of their ML decoders. Simulations show that the proposed decoding method performs identical to ML decoding for all these five codes. These STBCs along with the proposed decoding algorithm have the least decoding complexity and best error performance among all known codes for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Nt</i> ≤ 4 transmit antennas. We further provide a lower bound on the complexity of full-diversity ACZF/ACZF-SIC decoding. All the five codes listed above achieve this lower bound and hence are optimal in terms of minimizing the ACZF/ACZF-SIC decoding complexity. Both ACZF and ACZF-SIC decoders are amenable to sphere decoding implementation.
Human body radiography simulations: development of a virtual radiography environment (1998)

A simulation program for x-ray methods is discussed. Computational algorithms for definition of x-ray sources, interactions of x-rays with complex objects and formation of images are developed from first principles. Subject geometries can be accessed from CAD definitions or from CT sets. The principles underlying the image formation process are introduced and images in industrial and medical x-ray applications are displayed.
Expanded CTG repeat demarcates a boundary for abnormal CpG methylation in myotonic dystrophy patient tissues (2010)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM1) affects multiple organs, shows age-dependent progression and is caused by CTG expansions at the DM1 locus. We determined the DM1 CpG methylation profile and CTG length in tissues from DM1 foetuses, DM1 adults, non-affected individuals and transgenic DM1 mice. Analysis included CTCF binding sites upstream and downstream of the CTG tract, as methylation-sensitive CTCF binding affects chromatinization and transcription of the DM1 locus. In humans, in a given foetus, expansions were largest in heart and smallest in liver, differing by 40-400 repeats; in adults, the largest expansions were in heart and cerebral cortex and smallest in cerebellum, differing by up to 5770 repeats in the same individual. Abnormal methylation was specific to the mutant allele. In DM1 adults, heart, liver and cortex showed high-to-moderate methylation levels, whereas cerebellum, kidney and skeletal muscle were devoid of methylation. Methylation decreased between foetuses and adults. Contrary to previous findings, methylation was not restricted to individuals with congenital DM1. The expanded repeat demarcates an abrupt boundary of methylation. Upstream sequences, including the CTCF site, were methylated, whereas the repeat itself and downstream sequences were not. In DM1 mice, expansion-, tissue- and age-specific methylation patterns were similar but not identical to those in DM1 individuals; notably in mice, methylation was present up- and downstream of the repeat, but greater upstream. Thus, in humans, the CpG-free expanded CTG repeat appears to maintain a highly polarized pattern of CpG methylation at the DM1 locus, which varies markedly with age and tissues.
Step and activity detection based on the orientation and scale attributes of the SURF algorithm (2016)

In recent years, the importance of location-based services and indoor positioning systems increased significantly for both, research and industry. Visual localization systems have the advantage of not depending on dedicated infrastructure and thus they are interesting for navigation within buildings. While there are already approaches which are using pre-recorded databases of reference images to obtain an absolute position for a given query image, suitable applications which are estimating the relative movement of pedestrians out of a first person perspective video are still missing. This paper presents a novel approach for a pedometer as well as for an activity detector using a such a first person perspective video stream of a pedestrian as input data. The system counts the number of steps and furthermore detects current activities of a user. Therefore, we analyze all video input data with the SURF algorithm in order to extract robust feature points. Especially the orientation and scaling properties of this feature points are used for an accurate measurement.
Social Media Fingerprints of Unemployment (2015)

Recent widespread adoption of electronic and pervasive technologies has enabled the study of human behavior at an unprecedented level, uncovering universal patterns underlying human activity, mobility, and interpersonal communication. In the present work, we investigate whether deviations from these universal patterns may reveal information about the socio-economical status of geographical regions. We quantify the extent to which deviations in diurnal rhythm, mobility patterns, and communication styles across regions relate to their unemployment incidence. For this we examine a country-scale publicly articulated social media dataset, where we quantify individual behavioral features from over 19 million geo-located messages distributed among more than 340 different Spanish economic regions, inferred by computing communities of cohesive mobility fluxes. We find that regions exhibiting more diverse mobility fluxes, earlier diurnal rhythms, and more correct grammatical styles display lower unemployment rates. As a result, we provide a simple model able to produce accurate, easily interpretable reconstruction of regional unemployment incidence from their social-media digital fingerprints alone. Our results show that cost-effective economical indicators can be built based on publicly-available social media datasets.
Revolutionizing Prosthetics software technology (2011)

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Revolutionizing Prosthetics 2009 program has the goal of developing a neurally-integrated upper limb prosthesis to provide amputee soldiers with pre-injury levels of function. A team of over 30 collaborating institutions from industry and academia set out to design and construct a prosthetic limb that achieves natural human limb performance by combining the state of the art in neuroscience, robotics, sensors, power systems, actuation, and complex embedded software. The Modular Prosthetic Limb (MPL) is the result of Phase II of the program which successfully demonstrated robotic limb operation in December 2009. MPL design and development addressed several areas of technical complexity such as space, power, and mass constraints, safety-critical operation, and modularity for patient customizations based on the location of disarticulation. This paper provides an overview of the MPL system architecture, the robotic arm control strategy, and detailed information on the embedded system software that integrates the MPL components to enable patient-based control.
Data-driven trajectory smoothing (2011)

Motivated by the increasing availability of large collections of noisy GPS traces, we present a new data-driven framework for smoothing trajectory data. The framework, which can be viewed of as a generalization of the classical moving average technique, naturally leads to efficient algorithms for various smoothing objectives. We analyze an algorithm based on this framework and provide connections to previous smoothing techniques. We implement a variation of the algorithm to smooth an entire collection of trajectories and show that it performs well on both synthetic data and massive collections of GPS traces.
Minimizing cellular handover failures without channel utilization loss (2002)

In cellular systems, a primary goal is the reduction of handover failures in the system. Channel allocation policies that address this by setting aside guard channels for the exclusive use of handover requests suffer from a lower utilization of the scarce channel resources. We define a class of non-reserving policies that efficiently utilize the channels. Within this class, we identify a most critical first policy that is optimal with respect to handover failure probability. Moreover, this policy is shown to have the best channel utilization in its class as well. The proofs of optimality are accompanied by the description of a technique to realize the policy in practice. Simulation results that demonstrate its improvement over previous policies are presented as well.
<i>Ab initio</i>study of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">BaTiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">PbTiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>surfaces in external electric fields (2001)

For the ferroelectric perovskite compounds ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3},$ we have studied the effects of external electric fields on the structural properties of the (001) surfaces. The field-induced changes in the surface interlayer spacings and bucklings have been calculated using a first-principles ultrasoft-pseudopotential approach, and the change of the polarization and the ferroelectric distortions in the surface layers have been obtained. The surfaces are represented by periodically repeated slabs, and an external dipole layer is included in the vacuum region of the supercells to control the electric field normal to the surfaces. The influence of the electrical boundary conditions on the ferroelectric properties of the slabs is discussed. In the case of a vanishing internal electric field, our study indicates that even very thin slabs can show a ferroelectric instability.
Sensitivity Analysis on Regime-Switching Models by Wiener-Malliavin Calculus (2018)

In this paper we present the sensitivity analysis on regime switching models applying the techniques of Malliavin calculus. As is well known, risk management in portfolio pricing and hedging is often achieved by estimating the Greeks, which are price sensitivities relative to variations in the model parameters. By developing this method for sensitivity analysis, we have multiple versions of Greeks expression, optimization by minimizing the variance of weight is available among those alternatives. Although the classical Malliavin calculus approach requires the differentiability of the payoff function, we extend the results for models with non-differentiable payoff function.
Integrating New Product Development Process References With Maturity and Change Management Models (2007)

One of the most recognized best practices to improve new product development (NPD) process performance is the use of business process models to integrate activities, techniques, and methods. In recent years new product development models have been proposed, with complementary contributions. The challenge is how to use them to identify the improvement opportunities and how to orchestrate change actions. This work presents a NPD model, named PDPNet, whose singular characteristic is the integration between a business process reference, a maturity model and change management model in order to support the full product development change cycle. This paper also presents the evaluation of this approach in a case study about the PDPNet model implementation at an agriculture machine company. The method of the field research is the case study. The collected data techniques were participant observation, documental analysis and research diaries. The main contribution is to demonstrate the advantages in using distinct models consistent with each other, specially the separation between the Business Process Reference Model, that is, the practices, methods and tools, from the Maturity Level Identification as proposed by the PDPNet Model.
Are Chronic Periodontitis and Gingivitis Associated with Dementia? A Nationwide, Retrospective, Matched-Cohort Study in Taiwan (2016)

Patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis have a higher risk of developing dementia. However, further studies on other large or national data sets are required to support the current findings.
Multisection dynamic CT perfusion for acute cerebral ischemia: the "toggling-table" technique. (2001)

A new CT perfusion technique providing extended anatomic coverage was evaluated in 12 patients with suspected acute middle cerebral artery ischemia. With a multidetector CT scanner, scans were obtained in an alternating fashion at two distinct "toggling" table positions (two 1-cm sections each) during a 40-mL contrast agent bolus (approximately 5 seconds per image), and perfusion parameter maps were created. The CT perfusion results were compared with follow-up images. Nine patients showed focal perfusion abnormalities in at least one section, most commonly on mean transit time maps. Using a single table location would have underestimated or missed the involved tissue in most cases. In three of 12 patients, perfusion maps failed to delineate any abnormality. In two patients, perfusion and diffusion MR imaging confirmed the absence of perfusion abnormality and tissue injury, respectively. In one case, a small ischemic injury was revealed by diffusion MR imaging. By using the toggling-table approach, perfusion images can be obtained over an extended anatomic area and, thus, reveal the presence and the extent of presumed tissue injury.