gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and anti-diabetic activities of novel N-substituted 2-(4-styrylphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole and N- substituted-3[4-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)-phenyl]-acrylic acid tert-butyl ester (2008)

Synthesis of a series of novel substituted benzimidazole derivatives by the condensation of ophenylenediamine (OPDA, 1) with 4-bromobenzoic acid (2) and subsequent reactions of the benzimidazole with different electrophilic reagents is reported. The latter compounds were reacted with styrene and tert-butyl acrylate following Heck Coupling. All the compounds synthesized were screened for their potential anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic and anti-diabetic properties, which exibibited some promising results towards testing organism in vivo.
Probability density distillation with generative adversarial networks for high-quality parallel waveform generation (2019)

This paper proposes an effective probability density distillation (PDD) algorithm for WaveNet-based parallel waveform generation (PWG) systems. Recently proposed teacher-student frameworks in the PWG system have successfully achieved a real-time generation of speech signals. However, the difficulties optimizing the PDD criteria without auxiliary losses result in quality degradation of synthesized speech. To generate more natural speech signals within the teacher-student framework, we propose a novel optimization criterion based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). In the proposed method, the inverse autoregressive flow-based student model is incorporated as a generator in the GAN framework, and jointly optimized by the PDD mechanism with the proposed adversarial learning method. As this process encourages the student to model the distribution of realistic speech waveform, the perceptual quality of the synthesized speech becomes much more natural. Our experimental results verify that the PWG systems with the proposed method outperform both those using conventional approaches, and also autoregressive generation systems with a well-trained teacher WaveNet.
Distributed QoS Architectures for Multimedia Streaming Over Software Defined Networks (2014)

This paper presents novel QoS extensions to distributed control plane architectures for multimedia delivery over large-scale, multi-operator Software Defined Networks (SDNs). We foresee that large-scale SDNs shall be managed by a distributed control plane consisting of multiple controllers, where each controller performs optimal QoS routing within its domain and shares summarized (aggregated) QoS routing information with other domain controllers to enable inter-domain QoS routing with reduced problem dimensionality. To this effect, this paper proposes (i) topology aggregation and link summarization methods to efficiently acquire network topology and state information, (ii) a general optimization framework for flow-based end-to-end QoS provision over multi-domain networks, and (iii) two distributed control plane designs by addressing the messaging between controllers for scalable and secure inter-domain QoS routing. We apply these extensions to streaming of layered videos and compare the performance of different control planes in terms of received video quality, communication cost and memory overhead. Our experimental results show that the proposed distributed solution closely approaches the global optimum (with full network state information) and nicely scales to large networks.
Implementable Bio-Inspired Passive Negative Spring Actuator for Full-Scale Structural Control under Seismic Excitation (2015)

A bio-inspired passive negative spring actuator inspired by an energy-dissipating mechanism called sacrificial bonds and hidden length is designed, fabricated and implemented in a test case of a three-story structural model for testing its performance and demonstrating the effectiveness as a passive controller. Specifically, a unique design of a negative spring actuator is developed and combined with a viscous damper to exhibit aspects of the force-displacement relation of negative sacrificial bonds and hidden length. This novel actuator can output a unique force-displacement profile, capable of large control forces, making the bio-inspired passive actuator practical for implementation in real structures. Results obtained from numerical simulation were validated experimentally on a model structure. The results showed that the bio-inspired passive negative spring actuator has comparable structural control performance to state-of-the-art semiactive actuators. Therefore, the actuator could be a practical, low-cost, and effective passive-control device for use in civil, mechanical, aerospace, and other structures.
Transformation of BCG with plasmid DNA. (1989)

Pasteur 1173P2 and Japanese 172 BCG substrains were transformed with plasmid pAL5000::plJ666 by electroporation and assessed by the growth of kanamycin-resistant colonies. From the transformants pYUP plasmids were isolated containing plJ666 inserted into pAL5000. The introduction, persistence and the identity of the plasmid were monitored by reisolation from consecutive subcultures and restriction analysis. The effect of variables--age, viability, glycine pretreatment of BCG cultures, electroporation parameters--on transformation frequencies were analyzed. Consecutive transformation of BCG with plasmid DNA isolated from a BCG transformant increased the efficiency from the level of 10(1)-10(2) obtained with the initial library to 10(3)-10(4) colonies/micrograms DNA with the pYUB plasmids. Maintenance of plasmid and expression of kanamycin resistance in continuous subcultures were stable for 100 generations from the first successful transformation to the present. The introduction and stable expression of foreign DNA in BCG on a plasmid vector establishes a basis for the construction of polyvalent recombinant BCG vaccine vehicles expressing not only putative protective mycobacterial antigens, but also antigens for other infectious and malignant diseases.
Security analysis of VoIP architecture for identifying SIP vulnerabilities (2014)

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an emerging technology that changes the way of communication services over IP networks. It provides flexible and low cost services to the users, which make it more popular than the existing Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN). With the popularity of this technology, it became targeted victim of different attacks. In this paper we analyzed VoIP architecture, both theoretically and practically with more emphasizes on security of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). In order to analyze theoretically, we performed a literature survey related to SIP security and classified it in term of existing SIP attacks and defenses. Our theoretical analysis reveals that most attacks on VoIP architecture were successful due to weaknesses of SIP, especially the authentication mechanism used in the session establishment phase. For practical analysis, we used open source Asterisk and pen-test it in different attacking scenarios using Kali Linux distribution. Our practical analysis studies revealed that open source asterisk server is still vulnerable to several attacks, which includes eavesdropping, intentional interruption, social threats, interception and modification, and unintentional interruption. We also provide a concise mitigating scheme based on Single Sign-On (SSO), which provides an efficient and reliable authentication mechanism for securing SIP.
Functional transfer of microRNA by exosomes (2012)

Cells can communicate directly with each other through cell-cell contact or at a distance using secreted soluble mediators. A third mode of intercellular communication may be mediated by exosomes, an emerging novel pathway with unprecedented potential. In this issue of Blood , Montecalvo and
Doctored JPEG image detection based on double compression features analysis (2009)

Identifying the authenticity and integrity of digital images becomes increasingly important in digital forensics. In this paper, we focus on JPEG images and propose an effective method for detecting doctored images. We first investigate the statistical characteristics of DCT coefficients based on a recompression files sets, and analyze the differences of double compression effect between doctored and non-doctored region in a doctored image. We then extract the DCT coefficients histograms of each block in doctored images and represent them as feature vectors. We identify the location of doctored region by using SVM classification for evaluating the feature vectors. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can efficiently detect and automatically locate doctored regions on different forgeries with low computational complexity.
Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier to methotrexate in the rat. (1979)

Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier in the rat, by intracarotid infusion of 1.6 molal (m) arabinose solution, increases cerebrovascular permeability to 3H-methotrexate by a factor of about seven. PA (product of permeability and capillary surface area) increases from a mean of 3.3 X 10(-5) sec-1 in brains of control rats to as much as 28 X 10(-5) sec-1 at the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to carotid infusion. If tracer is introduced into the carotid artery after osmotic treatment, brain uptake is increased by a net factor of 50 (a factor of 70 due to elevation of PA, multiplied by 7 due to infusion by the carotid route) as compared to uptake by normal, untreated brain with infusion into a peripheral vein. Osmotic barrier opening followed by carotid drug administration may be of use in experimental chemotherapy of nervous system disease.
Texture Mixing by Interpolating Deep Statistics via Gaussian Models (2018)

Recently, enthusiastic studies have devoted to texture synthesis using deep neural networks, because these networks excel at handling complex patterns in images. In these models, second-order statistics, such as Gram matrix, are used to describe textures. Despite the fact that these model have achieved promising results, the structure of their parametric space is still unclear, consequently, it is difficult to use them to mix textures. This paper addresses the texture mixing problem by using a Gaussian scheme to interpolate deep statistics computed from deep neural networks. More precisely, we first reveal that the statistics used in existing deep models can be unified using a stationary Gaussian scheme. We then present a novel algorithm to mix these statistics by interpolating between Gaussian models using optimal transport. We further apply our scheme to Neural Style Transfer, where we can create mixed styles. The experiments demonstrate that our method can achieve state-of-the-art results. Because all the computations are implemented in closed forms, our mixing algorithm adds only negligible time to the original texture synthesis procedure.
Resonant terahertz transmission in subwavelength metallic hole arrays of sub-skin-depth thickness (2005)

We study surface-plasmon-enhanced terahertz transmission through subwavelength metallic hole arrays of sub-skin-depth thickness. Dynamic evolution of surface-plasmon resonance in terms of array thickness is characterized by use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range 0.1-4.5 THz. A critical thickness of lead array film is observed, above which surface-plasmon coupling of terahertz pulses begins and is enhanced rapidly as the array thickness is increased toward the skin depth. The experimental results indicate that high-efficiency extraordinary terahertz transmission can be achieved at an array thickness of only one third of skin depth.
Halothane and the Reperfusion Injury in the Intact Animal Model (1993)

We studied the effect of halothane on regional myocardial function during acute ischemia and reperfusion in an open-chest pig model. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and fentanyl and maintained with an intravenous (IV) infusion of pentobarbital and fentanyl. Regional myocardial function was studied with microsonometers placed in the subendocardium supplied by the left anterior descending coronary (LAD) and circumflex coronary artery (LX). Systolic function was evaluated with reference to the end-systolic pressure-length relationship (ESPLR) and regional systolic shortening. Diastolic dysfunction was studied with postsystolic shortening (PSS). Ischemia was induced with 15 min of total occlusion of the LAD artery, and thereafter reperfusion was allowed for 120 min. Five groups were studied: one group received only pentobarbital and fentanyl (n = 10); the other groups received halothane 0.2% (n = 5), 0.4% (n = 7), 0.6% (n = 5), and 0.8% (n = 5). The pentobarbital and fentanyl infusion was adjusted in the halothane groups in an effort to maintain arterial blood pressure and heart rate within specified limits (when possible). Results indicate that regional dysfunction during acute ischemia was equal among all the groups. However, on reperfusion, halothane significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Halothane (0.6% and 0.8%) was associated with less regional postischemic systolic dysfunction during reperfusion when compared to the other groups. Hearts subjected to 0.6% and 0.8% halothane also were less stiff at the end of systole (i.e., the extrapolated ventricular volume at zero ventricular pressure was less) after 120 min reperfusion compared to animals receiving less halothane. However, diastolic dysfunction was equal among the groups during reperfusion. We conclude that, in this model, administration of halothane is associated with improved recovery of regional systolic function and potentially beneficial pressure-length relations at the end of systole after acute severe myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Furthermore, administration of halothane was associated with fewer reperfusion arrhythmias compared to animals not receiving halothane.
Modelling and analyzing multimodal dyadic interactions using social networks (2010)

Social network analysis became a common technique used to model and quantify the properties of social interactions. In this paper, we propose an integrated framework to explore the characteristics of a social network extracted from multimodal dyadic interactions. First, speech detection is performed through an audio/visual fusion scheme based on stacked sequential learning. In the audio domain, speech is detected through clusterization of audio features. Clusters are modelled by means of an One-state Hidden Markov Model containing a diagonal covariance Gaussian Mixture Model. In the visual domain, speech detection is performed through differential-based feature extraction from the segmented mouth region, and a dynamic programming matching procedure. Second, in order to model the dyadic interactions, we employed the Influence Model whose states encode the previous integrated audio/visual data. Third, the social network is extracted based on the estimated influences. For our study, we used a set of videos belonging to New York Times' Blogging Heads opinion blog. The results are reported both in terms of accuracy of the audio/visual data fusion and centrality measures used to characterize the social network.
A New Synthesis of 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose and its Tautomeric Equilibrium (1984)

Abstract The title compound was synthesized in four steps from D-glucono-1,5-lactone. Reduction of 2,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,5-lactone (1) with disiamylborane afforded 2,5,6-tri-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranoae (2) which, on debenzoylation, gave 3-deoxy-D-arabino-hexoae (3). Tautomeric equilibrium of 3 was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Exploring the molecular potential of bacterial lysates to reduce COVID-19 susceptibility of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro (2021)

<bold>Background:</bold> the COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which infects epithelial cells by binding to the surface protein angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2). Bacterial lysates such as OM-85 act as immune modulators and improve the anti-viral defence of bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). <bold>Aims:</bold> exploring the potential of OM85 to reduce COVID-19 susceptibility of HBEC in vitro. <bold>Method:</bold> HBEC cell lines (BEAS-2B, Nuli-1) were grown to 85% confluence, before exposure to OM85 dilutions (1:100, 1:50, 1:10) for 1-5 days. RNA and Protein samples were collected and analysed by RT-PCR and Western-Blot for ACE2 and associated proteins TMPRSS2, ADAM17, and DPP4, as well as for epithelial differentiation marker: E-Cadherin. <bold>Results:</bold> Repeated OM-85 treatment induced a concentration-related response on ACE2, TMPRSS2, DPP4, and ADAM17 expression. Western-blot showed that OM-85 decreased ACE2 expression, whereas it increased the expression of TMPRSS2 and ADAM17. Significance was observed after day 2-3. RT-PCR indicated that OM-85 reduced ACE2 genes expression by 15-20% in compare to untreated cells. On the other hand, OM-85 significantly up-regulated TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 mRNA levels over 200%, whereas DDP4 gene expression was significantly decreased lower than 50% compared to control. Additionally, OM-85 treatment increased E-Cadherin expression, however, with a cell line specific pattern. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> The data suggest that daily treatment with OM-85 reduced HBEC ACE2 expression, probably through increased cleavage by ADAM17 and TMPRSS2. The results imply the potential of OM-85 to reduce COVID-19 susceptibility.
An OGSI CredentialManager Service (2004)

We present an OGSI CredentialManager service that allows users to obtain proxy credentials over the network using pass phrase authentication and provides a credential refresh service for long-running jobs. Users can store credentials with the CredentialManager as an alternative to manually managing private key and certificate files. The CredentialManager provides functionality similar to the widely used MyProxy Online Credential Repository, leveraging the standard services provided by OGSI.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis: An update (2014)

There have been considerable recent advances towards a better understanding of the complex cellular and molecular network underlying liver fibrogenesis. Recent data indicate that the termination of fibrogenic processes and the restoration of deficient fibrolytic pathways may allow the reversal of advanced fibrosis and even cirrhosis. Therefore, efforts have been made to better clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in liver fibrosis. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remains a central event in fibrosis, complemented by other sources of matrix-producing cells, including portal fibroblasts, fibrocytes and bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts. These cells converge in a complex interaction with neighboring cells to provoke scarring in response to persistent injury. Defining the interaction of different cell types, revealing the effects of cytokines on these cells and characterizing the regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression in activated HSCs will enable the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Moreover, the characterization of different pathways associated with different etiologies aid in the development of disease-specific therapies. This article outlines recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis that may be translated into future therapies. The pathogenesis of liver fibrosis associated with alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and viral hepatitis are also discussed to emphasize the various mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis.
Control of rabbit myxomatosis in Poland (1994)

The authors present an epizootiological analysis of myxomatosis in Poland. The biological, physical and chemical properties of virus strains used for the production and control of 'Myxovac M' vaccine are discussed. The long-term stability, safety and efficacy of the vaccine are demonstrated. Laboratory experiments were confirmed in large-scale field observations.
Molecular inhibitory mechanism study on the potent inhibitor brigatinib against four crizotinib‐resistant ALK mutations (2018)

As a potent and selective drug, brigatinib exhibits high efficacy against wild-type and mutant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) proteins to treat non-small cell lung cancer. In this work, the mechanisms of brigatinib binding to wild type and four mutant ALKs were investigated to gain insight into the dynamic energetic and structural information with respect to the design of novel inhibitors. Comparison between ALK-brigatinib and ALK-crizotinib suggests that the scaffold of brigatinib is well anchored to the residue Met1199 of hinge region by two hydrogen bonds, and the residue Lys1150 has the strong electrostatic interaction with the dimethylphosphine oxide moiety in brigatinib. These ALK mutations have significant influences on the flexibility of P-loop region and DFG sequences, but do not impair the hydrogen bonds between brigatinib and the residue Met1199 of hinge region. And mutations (L1196M, G1269A, F1174L, and R1275Q) induce diverse conformational changes of brigatinib and the obvious energy variation of residues Glu1167, Arg1209, Asp1270, and Asp1203. Together, the detailed explanation of mechanisms of those mutations with brigatinib further provide several guidelines for the development of more effective ALK inhibitors.
Bandit problems with side observations (2005)

An extension of the traditional two-armed bandit problem is considered, in which the decision maker has access to some side information before deciding which arm to pull. At each time t, before making a selection, the decision maker is able to observe a random variable X/sub t/ that provides some information on the rewards to be obtained. The focus is on finding uniformly good rules (that minimize the growth rate of the inferior sampling time) and on quantifying how much the additional information helps. Various settings are considered and for each setting, lower bounds on the achievable inferior sampling time are developed and asymptotically optimal adaptive schemes achieving these lower bounds are constructed.
Formation of Organozincate Anions in LiCl-Mediated Zinc Insertion Reactions (2009)

Tetrahydrofuran solutions of the products formed in LiCl-mediated zinc insertion reactions into various organic halides RHal were analyzed by anion-mode electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. In all cases, organozincate anions were observed. The reactions with RHal, Hal = Br and I, yielded predominantly mononuclear complexes, such as ZnRHal2− and ZnRHalCl−, whereas for the reaction with benzylchloride abundant polynuclear organozincates, such as Zn2Bn2Cl3− and Zn3Bn3Cl4−, were detected. The equilibria governing the stoichiometry and aggregation state of these complexes appear to be mainly controlled by the nature of the halide ions present in solution. It seems likely that the formation of organozincate complexes also changes the reactivity of the organozinc species, thus offering a rationale for the recently found pronounced effect of LiCl in organozinc chemistry. Additional preliminary studies suggest that organozincate anions as well as organozinc cations may moreover form in the absence of LiCl.