gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
K-loops: Loop skewing for Reconfigurable Architectures (2009)

In this paper, we propose new techniques for improving the performance of applications running on a reconfigurable platform supporting the Molen programming paradigm. We focus on parallelizing loops that contain hardware-mapped kernels in the loop body (called K-loops) with wavefront-like dependencies. For this purpose, we use traditional transformations, such as loop skewing for eliminating the dependencies and loop unrolling for parallelization. The first technique presented in this paper improves the application performance by running in parallel on the reconfigurable hardware multiple instances of the kernel. The second technique extends the first one and determines how many kernel instances should be scheduled for software execution in each iteration, concurrently with the hardware execution, such that the hardware and software times are balanced. In the experimental part, we present results when parallelizing the deblocking filter (DF), which is part of the H.264 encoder and decoder, after skewing the main DF loop to eliminate the data dependencies. For the unroll factor 8, we report a loop speedup of up to 4.78.
Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Zinc Oxide: A Simple Method for the Preparation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals in Non‐aqueous Medium (2006)

A general and facile approach has been developed to prepare various metal oxide nanocrystals from commercially available metal acetate precursors using an amine-mediated reaction. The influence of temperature and capping agents on the yield and final morphology of the metal oxides nanocrystals was investigated. The approach was applied in the synthesis of shape-controlled ZnO nanocrystals. ZnO nanowires, nanorods, bullets and triangular nanocrystals were successfully prepared by tuning the molar ratio between amine to zinc acetate precursor. On the basis of FTIR and NMR spectroscopic studies, we propose that the amine could mediate the breakdown of the metal acetates through a nucleophilic attack mechanism. The results suggest that amine can play dual role as both the attacking agent and capping agent in this new methodology.
60 GHz sources using optically driven HBTs (2003)

Millimeter-wave sources at 60 GHz have been demonstrated using optically driven heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) configured as photodetectors. Two techniques were used to optically generate the millimeter waves: the mixing of two continuous wave lasers and the mode locking of a semiconductor laser. The millimeter-wave power generated from these two configurations was radiated into free-space using integrated planar twin dipole antennas and heterodyne detected with signal to noise ratios>40 dB. As part of these experiments, the DC optical gain and quantum efficiency of the HBT photodetectors were determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oversampling A/D Converters With Reduced Sensitivity to DAC Nonlinearities (2009)

To alleviate the image-rejection requirements of the front-end filters and the feedback digital-to-analog converter (DAC) matching requirements, an oversampling complex discrete-time (DT) DeltaSigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a signal-transfer function that achieves significant filtering of interfering signals is proposed. With a filtering signal transfer function (STF) and stopband attenuation greater than 30 dB, the DeltaSigma modulator reduces the intermodulation of the desired signal and the interfering signals at the input of a quantizer, and also avoids feedback of high-frequency interfering signals at the input of the modulator. This filtering of the interfering signals reduces sensitivity to DAC nonlinearities. The reported DT complex DeltaSigma ADC is intended for digital television (DTV) receiver applications. With a maximum intended sampling frequency of 128 MHz and an oversampling ratio of 16, the ADC has been designed to support a maximum DTV signal bandwidth of 8 MHz. The IC achieved a 70.9-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio over a 6-MHz band centered around 3 MHz. The image-rejection ratio of the DeltaSigma ADC was measured to be greater than 65 dB. The fabricated chip consumes 122.4 mW and occupies a silicon area of 2.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Synthesis and Structures of Five [Co(Mecyclen)(S-AlaO)]2+ Isomers: Use of nOe and COSY 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Structural Assignment in Solution (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Structures of Five [Co(Mecyclen)(S-AlaO)]2+ Isomers: Use of nOe and COSY 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Structural Assignment in SolutionDavid A. Buckingham, Charles R. Clark, Andrew J. Rogers, and Jim SimpsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 14, 3646–3657Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00118a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00118a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Earthquake mechanisms from linear-programming inversion of seismic-wave amplitude ratios (1996)

Abstract The amplitudes of radiated seismic waves contain far more information about earthquake source mechanisms than do first-motion polarities, but amplitudes are severely distorted by the effects of heterogeneity in the Earth. This distortion can be reduced greatly by using the ratios of amplitudes of appropriately chosen seismic phases, rather than simple amplitudes, but existing methods for inverting amplitude ratios are severely nonlinear and require computationally intensive searching methods to ensure that solutions are globally optimal. Searching methods are particularly costly if general (moment tensor) mechanisms are allowed. Efficient linear-programming methods, which do not suffer from these problems, have previously been applied to inverting polarities and wave amplitudes. We extend these methods to amplitude ratios, in which formulation on inequality constraint for an amplitude ratio takes the same mathematical form as a polarity observation. Three-component digital data for an earthquake at the Hengill-Grensdalur geothermal area in southwestern Iceland illustrate the power of the method. Polarities of P, SH, and SV waves, unusually well distributed on the focal sphere, cannot distinguish between diverse mechanisms, including a double couple. Amplitude ratios, on the other hand, clearly rule out the double-couple solution and require a large explosive isotropic component.
Macrophages, Foreign Body Giant Cells and Their Response to Implantable Biomaterials (2015)

All biomaterials, when implanted <i>in vivo</i>, elicit cellular and tissue responses. These responses include the inflammatory and wound healing responses, foreign body reactions, and fibrous encapsulation of the implanted materials. Macrophages are myeloid immune cells that are tactically situated throughout the tissues, where they ingest and degrade dead cells and foreign materials in addition to orchestrating inflammatory processes. Macrophages and their fused morphologic variants, the multinucleated giant cells, which include the foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) are the dominant early responders to biomaterial implantation and remain at biomaterial-tissue interfaces for the lifetime of the device. An essential aspect of macrophage function in the body is to mediate degradation of bio-resorbable materials including bone through extracellular degradation and phagocytosis. Biomaterial surface properties play a crucial role in modulating the foreign body reaction in the first couple of weeks following implantation. The foreign body reaction may impact biocompatibility of implantation devices and may considerably impact short- and long-term success in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, necessitating a clear understanding of the foreign body reaction to different implantation materials. The focus of this review article is on the interactions of macrophages and foreign body giant cells with biomaterial surfaces, and the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of biomaterial surfaces that play a role in regulating the foreign body response. Events in the foreign body response include protein adsorption, adhesion of monocytes/macrophages, fusion to form FBGCs, and the consequent modification of the biomaterial surface. The effect of physico-chemical cues on macrophages is not well known and there is a complex interplay between biomaterial properties and those that result from interactions with the local environment. By having a better understanding of the role of macrophages in the tissue healing processes, especially in events that follow biomaterial implantation, we can design novel biomaterials-based tissue-engineered constructs that elicit a favorable immune response upon implantation and perform for their intended applications.
Design considerations to calculate SAR in multiband MIMO antenna for mobile handsets (2016)

MIMO is now widely deployed in mobile devices, but existing exposure guidelines still focus on methodology for single antenna evaluation. MIMO enabled devices are required to comply with standards or internationally recognized guidelines for limiting human exposure to RF fields. Printed MIMO antennas capable of multiband operation which covers GSM 1800/1900, UMTS, WLAN, and several LTE frequency bands designed using CST studio. The flat phantom is used for testing the radiation absorption when the user places the mobile device close to the body, which is referred to as the “Body-worn mode”. The head and hand phantoms are used in the case where a user performs a voice call with the phone, which is referred to as the “Talking Mode”. SAR values calculated in these two modes, Stand-Alone SAR and MIMO SAR methods. Obtain SAR results are below the limit (1.6W/Kg).
Role of a CYP17 promoter polymorphism for familial prostate cancer risk in Germany. (2005)

Our results do not suggest a role of CYP17 as a high-risk susceptibility gene for familial prostate cancer, nor as a modifier for the disease risk in the European population.
Inhibitory effects of intrarectally administered indomethacin(IND) on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane(AOM) in rats. Augmentation of natural killer(NK) activity and comparison with oral administration of IND. (1989)

インドメタシン (IND) の経直腸的投与と経口投与の効果を非担癌状態の脾臓, 腹腔浸出細胞 (PEC), 腸間膜リンパ節 (MLN) のNK活性およびAOM誘発大腸腫瘍の発現で比較検討した.非担癌5週齢雄ドンリュウラットを1回投与量としてIND3mg/kg/ratになるように調整し, 経口投与群, 経直腸投与群, 対照群の3群に分け, 1日目, 4日目の計2回投与した.7日目に脾臓, PEC, MLNを取り出し, YAC-1細胞を標的細胞としE/T=50でNK活性を測定した.脾臓のNK活性においては, それぞれ22.7%, 36.2%, 14.1%と経直腸投与群が他の2群と比較して, 1.6-2.6倍の増強を認めた.一方, PECにおいても各々35.4%, 60.2%, 16.0%, MLNにおいても各々6.2%, 10.4%, 5.6%と経直腸投与群が他の2群と比較して1.6-3.8倍の増強を認めた.AOM誘発大腸腫瘍に対する抑制効果について週2回, 30週連続投与で上記の3群間で比較検討すると, 1匹あたりの腫瘍個数では各々平均3.0, 1.4, 5.2 (個) と経直腸投与群が他の2群と比較して有意な低値1を示した (P<0.01).以上よりINDの経直腸投与は経口投与と比較して全身の非特異的免疫能を良好に賦活し, AOM誘発大腸腫瘍の発現抑制に有用であることが示唆された.
Effects of Triptorelin, a Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Agonist, on the Human Prostatic Cell Lines PC3 and LNCaP (2000)

Some analogues of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) influence the in vitro proliferation of cultured human cells by complex interactions that are only partially understood. This study explored the effect of Triptorelin, a GnRH agonist, on the LNCaP and PC3 prostatic cell lines, which are, respectively, responsive and unresponsive to androgen stimulation. The toxicity and cell cycle modifications induced by the drug were investigated by FACScan analysis; the effect on cell proliferation in different culture conditions was determined by counting in a Burker chamber; and the expression of binding sites for 125I-Triptorelin was revealed by displacement experiments. PC3 cell growth was completely unaffected by Triptorelin. The drug caused a double stimulatory-inhibitory action on the growth of actively proliferating LNCaP cells, depending upon the dose and environment. A significant inhibitory effect on proliferation, ranging from 25% to 65% compared with controls, was observed at a high dose (10(-4) M) according to the culture conditions; and a proliferative effect (42% compared with controls) was observed at a lower dose (10(-7) M) only in fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium. Displacement experiments revealed the expression of moderately high affinity and low affinity binding sites in LNCaP cells (Kd = 2.6 x 10(-8) and 7.7 x 10(-6) M) but only low affinity binding sites in PC3 cells (Kd = 2.7 x 10(-6) M), which suggests that the expression of binding sites with different affinity could be associated with a biological response to the drug. Proliferation studies in the presence of Cetrorelix, a GnRH antagonist, confirmed the different sensitivity of the 2 cell lines to GnRH analogues and showed that the proliferative effect of Triptorelin on LNCaP cells can be inhibited by the antagonist. Data confirm the cell specificity of Triptorelin's action and the peculiarity of its effects on prostatic cell proliferation in our experimental conditions.
Immobilization of Chymotrypsin on Silica Beads Based on High Affinity and Specificity Aptamer and Its Applications (2012)

Aptamers with high affinity and specificity to targets, bring new approaches to immobilizing proteins or enzymes. In this work, a group of single-stranded DNA aptamers specific for chymotrypsin were obtained by SELEX method in vitro. After investigation and characterization of all aptamers, AptC.1 (abbreviation for the aptamer with the highest affinity for chymotrypsin) was selected and grafted onto silica matrix with the help of glutaraldehyde as linker, and used subsequently to immobilize chymotrypsin. Specifically, it is shown in experiment that, 12.65 µg of chymotrypsin could be immobilized on 10 mg of AptC.1-Silica in 10 mM pH 8.0 borate solutions, and the activity of immobilized enzyme was not inhibited. Bovine serum albumin, myoglobin and cytochrome c were introduced to investigate the enzymatic performance of prepared immobilized chymotrypsin reactor. All these results demonstrated that aptamer could serve as a potential medium for the immobilization of proteins or enzymes.
Serotype 1a O-Antigen Modification: Molecular Characterization of the Genes Involved and Their Novel Organization in the <i>Shigella flexneri</i> Chromosome (1999)

The factors responsible for serotype 1a O-antigen modification in Shigella flexneri were localized to a 5.8-kb chromosomal HindIII fragment of serotype 1a strain Y53. The entire 5.8-kb fragment and regions up- and downstream of it (10.6-kb total) were sequenced. A putative three-gene operon, which showed homology with other serotype conversion genes, was identified and shown to confer serotype 1a O-antigen modification. The serotype conversion genes were flanked on either side by phage DNA. Multiple insertion sequence (IS) elements were located within and upstream of the phage DNA in a composite transposon-like structure. Host DNA homologous to the dsdC and the thrW proA genes was located upstream of the IS elements and downstream of the phage DNA, respectively. The sequence analysis indicates that the organization of the 10.6-kb region of the Y53 chromosome is unique and suggests that the serotype conversion genes were originally brought into the host by a bacteriophage. Several features of this region are also characteristic of pathogenicity islands.
Die Herstellung von Reinstsiliciumscheiben: Mehr Chemie als man glaubt (2003)

Abstract Einkristalline Halbleiterscheiben aus Silicium stellen die Grundlage für mikroelektronische Bauelemente dar. Die Umwandlung des Ausgangsmaterials Quarz in eine epitaktisch beschichtete 300‐mm‐Scheibe umfasst eine Vielzahl von Prozessschritten, die teilweise deutlich von chemischen Verfahren geprägt sind. Der vorliegende Aufsatz führt in die Herstellung von Halbleitersilicium sowie die Verfahren Ätzen, Polieren, Reinigen und Epitaxie ein. Was diesen Technologiezweig auszeichnet, sind die extremen Anforderungen an Oberfächenperfektion und Reinheit, die sich in Atomlagen (Oberflächenrauheit der Scheiben) und parts per trillion (Kontamination der Chemikalien) ausdrücken lassen.
Cytochrome P450-Activated Prodrugs: Targeted Drug Delivery (2008)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are a superfamily of heme containing proteins that catalyze xenobiotic metabolism phase I reactions. Oxidation reactions are the most common CYP-catalyzed reactions for both endogenous substrates and exogenous compounds, including drugs, although CYP enzymes are capable also to catalyze reduction reactions. Whereas the majority of clinically used drugs are inactivated by CYPs, several prodrugs are bioconverted to their active species by these enzymes. Therefore, this mechanism could be exploited to a greater extend, e.g. by taking advantage of the different CYP enzymes to achieve targeted drug delivery, to improve efficacy or to decrease the unwanted adverse effects of existing and novel drug molecules. This review describes the potential of CYP enzymes in prodrug design and summarizes a wide variety of CYP-activated prodrug structures, which are on the market or under the development. The bioactivation mechanisms of each CYP-activated prodrug structure are described and the specificity for the different forms of CYP enzymes is discussed.
A Human Melanoma Line Heterogeneous With Respect to Metastatic Capacity in Athymic Nude Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4">4</xref> (1984)

The ability of the human A375 melanoma cell line to produce experimental and spontaneous in young BALB/c nude mice was examined. Cloned lines, obtained by isolation in semisolid agar, differed significantly (4/10 cloned lines examined, P less than or equal to .005) from the parent tumor line with regard to their ability to form lung tumor nodules subsequent to iv injection. Lines established from such lung tumor nodules were more metastatic than the parent line following both iv and sc injection. These results show that the human melanoma cell line used in these studies contained cells with diverse metastatic potential and suggest that metastasis in the nude mouse results from the preferential selection of metastatic subpopulations.
Chronic 5‐HT <sub>6</sub> receptor modulation by E‐6837 induces hypophagia and sustained weight loss in diet‐induced obese rats (2006)

E-6837 is a novel, selective and high-affinity 5-HT(6) receptor ligand (pK(i): 9.13) which in vitro demonstrates partial agonism at a presumably silent rat 5-HT(6) receptor and full agonism at a constitutively active human 5-HT(6) receptor by monitoring the cAMP signaling pathway.The effects of chronic treatment with E-6837 were determined in diet-induced obese (DIO)-rats on changes in body weight, food and water intake, plasma indices of comorbid risk factors, and weight regain on compound withdrawal. The centrally acting antiobesity drug, sibutramine, was used as the reference comparator. Sustained body weight loss and decreased cumulative food intake of DIO-rats was observed with E-6837 (30 mg kg(-1), p.o., twice a day) during the 4-week treatment period. The onset of the E-6837 effect on body weight was slower than that of sibutramine (5 mg kg(-1), p.o.), while its maximal effect was greater, that is -15.7 versus -11.0%.E-6837-induced weight loss was exclusively mediated by a decrease (31.7%) in fat mass, with a concomitant reduction (49.6%) in plasma leptin. Reduced obesity was also reflected in improved glycemic control. Although weight regain occurred after withdrawal from either compound, the body weights after E-6837 (-6.6%) remained lower than after sibutramine (-3.8%) indicating that the greater efficacy of the former did not result in profound rebound hyperphagia/weight gain. These results show that the 5-HT(6) receptor partial agonist, E-6837, is a promising new approach to the management of obesity with the potential to produce greater sustained weight loss than sibutramine.
Removal of Radioactive Cesium Using Prussian Blue Magnetic Nanoparticles (2014)

Radioactive cesium (<sup>137</sup>Cs) has inevitably become a human concern due to exposure from nuclear power plants and nuclear accident releases. Many efforts have been focused on removing cesium and the remediation of the contaminated environment. In this study, we elucidated the ability of Prussian blue-coated magnetic nanoparticles to eliminate cesium from radioactive contaminated waste. Thus, the obtained Prussian blue-coated magnetic nanoparticles were then characterized and examined for their physical and radioactive cesium adsorption properties. This Prussian blue-coated magnetic nanoparticle-based cesium magnetic sorbent can offer great potential for use in <i>in situ</i> remediation.
Bovine mastitis therapy and why it fails : continuing education (2000)

Treatment of bovine mastitis depends on the cause, the clinical manifestation and the antibiotic susceptibility of the agent. Mastitis therapy is commonly unsuccessful owing to pathological changes that occur in the udder parenchyma as a result of the inflammatory reaction to mastitogenic bacteria, pharmacokinetic properties of antimicrobial mastitis drugs, mastitogenic bacterial and related factors, and poor animal husbandry and veterinary interventions.
Simulation based design of reluctance motors for traction applications in hybrid and electric vehicles (2014)

Electric and hybrid vehicles are mostly reliant on permanent magnet motors for traction. This paper focusses on the design challenges of alternative motor topologies. Beneficial attributes of switched reluctance (SR) and synchronous reluctance (SynchRel) motors are considered and requirements for software design tools are outlined. Developments to software tools to address multiphysics and experience with the design of prototypes are presented.
The performance of polarization switched-QPSK (PS-QPSK) in dispersion managed WDM transmissions (2010)

We investigate for the first time the performance of PS-QPSK in WDM nonlinear propagation. We show that the theoretical performance improvement of PS-QPSK compared to PDM-QPSK is even larger in nonlinear propagation.