gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of the 26-Methyl Group from 19-nor-1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> Markedly Reduces in Vivo Calcemic Activity without Altering in Vitro VDR Binding, HL-60 Cell Differentiation, and Transcription (2010)

Twelve new analogues of 19-nor-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (5-16) were prepared by convergent syntheses, employing the Wittig-Horner reaction. The necessary Grundmann type ketones (45-48), possessing fixed configurations of the hydroxyl group at C-25, were obtained by a multistep procedure from commercial vitamin D₂ and enantiomers of 1,3-butanediol (23 and 24). We have examined the influence of removal of one of the methyl groups located at C-25 on the biological in vitro and in vivo activity. The in vivo tests showed that the synthesized vitamin D compounds (5-16) exhibit reduced calcemic activity both in bone and in the intestine. However, in vitro potency of 2-methylene and 2α-methyl compounds (5-10, 13, and 14) remained similar or enhanced as compared to that of 1α,25-(OH)₂D₃.
Efficacy and Safety of Cangrelor in Women Versus Men During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2016)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01156571.
Compact substrate heater for use in an oxidizing atmosphere (1994)

A compact heater, designed for the deposition of thin films at high temperatures in an oxidizing atmosphere or in vacuum, is described. The heater, including an oxygen-resistant case and the attached substrate, can be loaded into a vacuum deposition chamber through a small-diameter load-lock port, and will operate in 0–1 atm of oxygen at temperatures up to at least 800 °C. Heat is generated resistively, and the substrates are heated directly by thermal conduction. The heater was built specifically to heat substrates during the growth of high-temperature superconducting thin films.
An ideal circular charged-particle beam system (2007)

A theory is presented for the design of an ideal non- relativistic circular beam system including a charged- particle emitting diode, a diode aperture, a circular beam tunnel, and a focusing magnetic field that matches the beam from the emitter to the beam tunnel. The magnetic field is determined by balancing the forces throughout the gun and transport sections of the beam system. OMNITRAK particle trajectory simulations are performed, validating theory. The ideal circular electron beam system has wide applications in space-charge- dominated accelerator research, high energy density physics (HEDP) research, vacuum electronics, and medical and industrial accelerators.
Use of Four Next-Generation Sequencing Platforms to Determine HIV-1 Coreceptor Tropism (2012)

HIV-1 coreceptor tropism assays are required to rule out the presence of CXCR4-tropic (non-R5) viruses prior treatment with CCR5 antagonists. Phenotypic (e.g., Trofile™, Monogram Biosciences) and genotypic (e.g., population sequencing linked to bioinformatic algorithms) assays are the most widely used. Although several next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms are available, to date all published deep sequencing HIV-1 tropism studies have used the 454™ Life Sciences/Roche platform. In this study, HIV-1 co-receptor usage was predicted for twelve patients scheduled to start a maraviroc-based antiretroviral regimen. The V3 region of the HIV-1 env gene was sequenced using four NGS platforms: 454™, PacBio® RS (Pacific Biosciences), Illumina®, and Ion Torrent™ (Life Technologies). Cross-platform variation was evaluated, including number of reads, read length and error rates. HIV-1 tropism was inferred using Geno2Pheno, Web PSSM, and the 11/24/25 rule and compared with Trofile™ and virologic response to antiretroviral therapy. Error rates related to insertions/deletions (indels) and nucleotide substitutions introduced by the four NGS platforms were low compared to the actual HIV-1 sequence variation. Each platform detected all major virus variants within the HIV-1 population with similar frequencies. Identification of non-R5 viruses was comparable among the four platforms, with minor differences attributable to the algorithms used to infer HIV-1 tropism. All NGS platforms showed similar concordance with virologic response to the maraviroc-based regimen (75% to 80% range depending on the algorithm used), compared to Trofile (80%) and population sequencing (70%). In conclusion, all four NGS platforms were able to detect minority non-R5 variants at comparable levels suggesting that any NGS-based method can be used to predict HIV-1 coreceptor usage.
A Monolithic Silicon Optoelectronic Transducer as a Real-Time Affinity Biosensor (2004)

An optical real-time affinity biosensor, which is based on a monolithic silicon optoelectronic transducer and a microfluidic module, is described. The transducer monolithically integrates silicon avalanche diodes as light sources, silicon nitride optical fibers, and p/n junction detectors and efficiently intercouples these elements through a self-alignment technique. The transducer surface is hydrophilized by oxygen plasma treatment, silanized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and bioactivated through adsorption of the biomolecular probes. The use of a microfluidic module allows real-time monitoring of the binding reaction of the gold nanoparticle-labeled analytes with the immobilized probes. Their binding within the evanescent field at the surface of the optical fiber causes attenuated total reflection of the waveguided modes and reduction of the detector photocurrent. The biotin-streptavidin model assay was used for the evaluation of the analytical potentials of the device developed. Detection limits of 3.8 and 13 pM in terms of gold nanoparticle-labeled streptavidin were achieved for continuous- and stopped-flow assay modes, respectively. The detection sensitivity was improved by silver plating of the immobilized gold nanoparticles, and a detection limit of 20 fM was obtained after 20-min of silver plating. In addition, two different analytes, streptavidin and anti-mouse IgG, were simultaneously assayed on the same chip demonstrating the multianalyte potential of the sensor developed.
Coaxial cable Bragg grating sensors for large strain measurement with high accuracy (2012)

In this paper, a new coaxial cable Bragg grating (CCBG) is developed as a strain sensor and the sensor's capacity for large range strain measurement in structural health monitoring (SHM) is demonstrated for the first time. The sensor device is comprised of regularly spaced periodic discontinuities along a coaxial cable. The discontinuities are fabricated using a computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine to drill holes in the cable. Each discontinuity generates a weak reflection to the electromagnetic wave propagating inside the cable. Superposition of these weak reflections produces a strong reflection at discrete frequencies that can be explained by Bragg grating theory. By monitoring the resonant frequency shift of the sensor's reflection or transmission spectra, strain measurement sensitivity of 20με and a dynamic range of 50000με (5%) were demonstrated for axial strain measurements. The experimental results show that the CCBG sensors perform well for large strain measurement needed in structural health monitoring (SHM).
Static Camera Calibration for Advanced Driver Assistance System Used in Trucks - Robust Detector of Calibration Points (2019)

The paper presents selected investigation results on a static (factory) calibration procedure of the camera, for the use in Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) mounted in trucks. It is a commercial project that has already been put for production. For this reason, special emphasis was put on the reliability of the proposed solutions. Additionally, the developed algorithms were optimized so that all computations are completed within an assumed period of time (requirements). One of the problems encountered during the development of the calibration procedure was the fact that various objects were located around the calibration pattern in the factory. In some situations these objects may be classified as calibration points, resulting in false outcomes of the overall calibration procedure. For this reason, special emphasis was placed on the development of appropriate robust algorithms responsible for the detection of calibration points. For example, the implemented methods allow for distinguishing the false points and removing them from the list of detected points. The overall procedure was carefully tested under various conditions, including unfavorable ones, with more than 500,000 tests.
Stretchable Twisted‐Pair Transmission Lines for Microwave Frequency Wearable Electronics (2016)

Stretchable electrical interconnects based on serpentines combined with elastic materials are utilized in various classes of wearable electronics. However, such interconnects are primarily for direct current or low‐frequency signals and incompatible with microwave electronics that enable wireless communication. In this paper, design and fabrication procedures are described for stretchable transmission line capable of delivering microwave signals. The stretchable transmission line has twisted‐pair design integrated into thin‐film serpentine microstructure to minimize electromagnetic interference, such that the line's performance is minimally affected by the environment in close proximity, allowing its use in thin‐film bioelectronics, such as the epidermal electronic system. Detailed analysis, simulations, and experimental results show that the stretchable transmission line has negligible changes in performance when stretched and is operable on skin through suppressed radiated emission achieved with the twisted‐pair geometry. Furthermore, stretchable microwave low‐pass filter and band‐stop filter are demonstrated using the twisted‐pair structure to show the feasibility of the transmission lines as stretchable passive components. These concepts form the basic elements used in the design of stretchable microwave components, circuits, and subsystems performing important radio frequency functionalities, which can apply to many types of stretchable bioelectronics for radio transmitters and receivers.
Second generation advanced reburning for high efficiency NO{sub x} control. Quaterly progress report No. 1, October 1--December 31, 1995 (1996)

Title 1 of the Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) of 1990 requires NO{sub x} controls in ozone non- attainment areas. The initial Title 1 regulations, implemented over the last few years, required Reasonably Available Control Technologies (RACT). In most areas, the NO{sub x} levels for RACT are based on Low NO{sub x} Burners (LNB) and are in the range of 0.4 to 0.5 lb/10{sup 6} Btu. As a result, there has been little industry demand for higher efficiency and more expensive NO{sub x} controls such as reburning, Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). However, the current RACT requirements will not be the end of NO{sub x} regulations. Much more stringent NO{sub x} control will be required to bring many of the ozone non-attainment areas into compliance, particularly in the Northeast. This paper describes second generation advanced reburning for nitrogen oxides control.
Ultrafiltered Perfluoropolyether Lubricant under Molecular Weight Distribution Control (2000)

There are many problems to be overcome when storage devices are used at high-speed rotation and very small spacing between the head and disk. One of them is lubricant spin-off. Lubricant spin-off and lubricity have a close relation to the molecular weight distribution. The commercial Perfluoropolyether (PFPE), which is widely used as a lubricant for magnetic disks, has a wide molecular weight distribution from several hundred to over ten thousand. In order to improve performance regarding spin-off and lubricity, it is necessary to control the molecular weight distribution. This paper discusses the relation between molecular weight of lubricants and spin-off, and stiction. The molecular weight at which spin off occurs easily is found to cause a high stiction. Furthermore, molecular weight distribution control by ultrafiltering is investigated.
Abstract W MP16: Introducing the Imaging the Collaterals in Acute Stroke (iCAS) Multicenter MRI Trial (2015)

Introduction: imaging Collaterals in Acute Stroke (iCAS) is an NIH-funded, multicenter study to determine if non-contrast arterial spin label (ASL) MRI can characterize collateral flow in patients presenting with acute large vessel stroke and whether it can identify patients who benefit from endovascular therapy. It also enables direct comparison with current state-of-the-art clinical perfusion imaging, bolus perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). Hypotheses: (1) ASL identifies collaterals with high sensitivity and specificity compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA). (2) Increasing collateral grade determined by either ASL or DSA is associated with higher CBF. (3) ASL collateral grade independently predicts reduced infarct growth. (4) Patients with a “target mismatch” based on PWI(Tmax>6) can be identified using ASL. (5) Only patients with intermediate grade collaterals will benefit from early reperfusion. Methods: 180 patients will be recruited from up to 6 sites over 5 yrs. Current sites include Stanford, Swedish Hospital Seattle, and UPMC. Inclusion criteria: >18 yrs; NIHSS >=5; planned endovascular therapy (primary or adjuvant therapy following IV tPA); planned MR imaging with ASL & PWI; IA therapy <60 min from MR completion and <12 hrs of symptom onset. Exclusion criteria: mRS>=2 prior to the qualifying stroke; Cr clearance <40 ml/min; contrast allergy; pregnancy; MRI contraindications. MRI will be obtained at 3 time points (<12 hrs, 18-36 hrs later, 5 d), with clinical data at 30 & 90 days. Results: 7 patients have been recruited. While formal image analysis has not been performed, initial review suggests that ASL has similar performance to PWI in this patient population (Fig). Conclusion: It is feasible to acquire ASL during an acute stroke MRI workup, enabling comparison of both collateral measures with DSA and perfusion metrics with PWI. It will provide a framework to account for the crucial role of collaterals in endovascular triage strategy.
Constructing a discrete fracture network constrained by seismic inversion data (2017)

ABSTRACT Rock fractures are of great practical importance to petroleum reservoir engineering because they provide pathways for fluid flow, especially in reservoirs with low matrix permeability, where they constitute the primary flow conduits. Understanding the spatial distribution of natural fracture networks is thus key to optimising production. The impact of fracture systems on fluid flow patterns can be predicted using discrete fracture network models, which allow not only the 6 independent components of the second‐rank permeability tensor to be estimated, but also the 21 independent components of the fully anisotropic fourth‐rank elastic stiffness tensor, from which the elastic and seismic properties of the fractured rock medium can be predicted. As they are stochastically generated, discrete fracture network realisations are inherently non‐unique. It is thus important to constrain their construction, so as to reduce their range of variability and, hence, the uncertainty of fractured rock properties derived from them. This paper presents the underlying theory and implementation of a method for constructing a geologically realistic discrete fracture network, constrained by seismic amplitude variation with offset and azimuth data. Several different formulations are described, depending on the type of seismic data and prior geologic information available, and the relative strengths and weaknesses of each approach are compared. Potential applications of the method are numerous, including the prediction of fluid flow, elastic and seismic properties of fractured reservoirs, model‐based inversion of seismic amplitude variation with offset and azimuth data, and the optimal placement and orientation of infill wells to maximise production.
A TRANSPORTATION SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR THE 21ST CENTURY (SOLVING INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATION RELATED ISSUES) (1997)

The National Aviation and Transportation Center (NAT Center) has established the first Intermodal Transportation Simulation system (ITSS) in the United States. This system identifies and contributes to the solution of intermodal transportation problems using computer-based simulation that includes all three spatial dimensions: aerial, surface and subsurface. The system utilizes the five human senses and all modes of transportation related to air, land and sea. The first phase of this program is supported by a $2.9 million United States Department of Transportation grant. This funding was used to recently establish an advanced technology simulation laboratory. Key to the use of this simulation based facility is the enhancement of transportation that has economic development benefits. For the covering abstract of this conference see IRRD number 872978. (A)
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Treatment in a Mouse Model of ALS: Optimization of Cell Dose (2008)

These results demonstrate that treatment for ALS with an appropriate dose of MNC hUCB cells may provide a neuroprotective effect for motor neurons through active involvement of these cells in modulating the host immune inflammatory system response.
Thermally induced laser pulsing to measure weak optical absorptions (1981)

Intracavity thermal lensing has been used to convert a cw dye laser to pulsed operation. The pulse width is a measure of the absorptivity of the solution in the cell. Experimental data are presented to show how this technique can be used to measure the absorptivity of a pure solvent and the concentration of a solute. The absorptivities (base e) of water, CH(3)OH, CH(3)COCH(3), and CCl(4) were determined to be, respectively, (1.24 +/- 0.17) x 10(-3), (1.01 +/- 0.07) x 10(-3), (1.74 +/- 0.09) x 10(-4), and (3.95 +/- x(-6) cm(-1). For CCl(4) in a 10-cm sample cell, the minimum detectable absorptivity is ~4 x 10(-6) cm(-1).
An Endoscope Compatible Low-coherence Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy Probe for Cancer Screening (2008)

Low-coherence Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy (LEBS), an angular resolved spectroscopic technique developed by our group, has been shown to detect early forms of cancer. Here, we implement the technique in an endoscope compatible probe.
Extraction of lipids from cotronseed tissue: I. Comparison of hexane‐acetone‐water, its nonqueous components and chloroform‐methanol (1970)

Abstract Flaked cottonseed was extracted with chloroform‐methanol‐water, chloroform‐methanol, hexane‐acetone‐water, hexane‐acetone, hexane and acetone. Amounts of total material in the miscellae were greatest with chloroform‐methanol‐water and decreased to acetone in the order given above. The first three solvents extracted 6% more neutral oil and over 100% more lipophilic phosphorus than the latter three solvents. All solvents showed similar rates of extraction, each removed over 70% of extractables with the first of four passes.
Novel Perylene Derivatives as Highly Photostable Fluorescent Dyes (1994)

Perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic imides are prepared by a new decarboxylizing condensation with moderately sterically hindered primary amines. Perylene-3,4-dicarboxylic anhydride is prepared via a saponification reaction of the dicarboximide and is a starting material for a number of new types of chromophores. A second route to novel perylene derivatives is a partial hydrolysis of perylene dyes and a condensation with diamines. The dyes thus obtained are orange to red fluorescing in solution.
RF-input load modulated balanced amplifier (2017)

This work presents a load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA) that directly amplifies a modulated RF input. The architecture is based on the recently proposed LMBA technique, in which a control signal applied at the output hybrid of a balanced amplifier is used to modulate the apparent load impedance of the two main devices. Here, we eliminate the need for an externally-generated control signal. Instead, the control signal is directly and simply synthesized from a modulated RF input, allowing the architecture to function directly as an RF-input / RF-output power amplifier. The technique is demonstrated at 700-850 MHz with a peak efficiency of 63.2% at peak CW output power of 41.7 dBm, and 47.1% at 6 dB back-off.
Covalently linked dengue virus envelope glycoprotein dimers reduce exposure of the immunodominant fusion loop epitope (2017)

A problem in the search for an efficient vaccine against dengue virus is the immunodominance of the fusion loop epitope (FLE), a segment of the envelope protein E that is buried at the interface of the E dimers coating mature viral particles. Anti-FLE antibodies are broadly cross-reactive but poorly neutralizing, displaying a strong infection enhancing potential. FLE exposure takes place via dynamic 'breathing' of E dimers at the virion surface. In contrast, antibodies targeting the E dimer epitope (EDE), readily exposed at the E dimer interface over the region of the conserved fusion loop, are very potent and broadly neutralizing. We here engineer E dimers locked by inter-subunit disulfide bonds, and show by X-ray crystallography and by binding to a panel of human antibodies that these engineered dimers do not expose the FLE, while retaining the EDE exposure. These locked dimers are strong immunogen candidates for a next-generation vaccine.
Multitouch Gesture-Based Authentication (2014)

This paper investigates multitouch gestures for user authentication on touch sensitive devices. A canonical set of 22 multitouch gestures was defined using characteristics of hand and finger movement. Then, a multitouch gesture matching algorithm robust to orientation and translation was developed. Two different studies were performed to evaluate the concept. First, a single session experiment was performed in order to explore feasibility of multitouch gestures for user authentication. Testing on the canonical set showed that the system could achieve good performance in terms of distinguishing between gestures performed by different users. In addition, the tests demonstrated a desirable alignment of usability and security as gestures that were more secure from a biometric point of view were rated as more desirable in terms of ease, pleasure, and excitement. Second, a study involving a three-session experiment was performed. Results indicate that biometric information gleaned from a short user-device interaction remains consistent across gaps of several days, though there is noticeable degradation of performance when the authentication is performed over multiple sessions. In addition, the study showed that user-defined gestures yield the highest recognition rate among all other gestures, whereas the use of multiple gestures in a sequence aids in boosting verification accuracy. In terms of memorability, the study showed that it is feasible for a user to recall user-defined gestural passwords and it is observed that the recall rate increases over time. It is also noticed that performing a user-defined gesture over a customized background image does result in higher verification performance. In terms of usability, the study shows that users did not have difficulty in performing multitouch gestures as they all rated each gesture as easy to perform.