gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trifluoromethyl Complexes of Osmium(II) by Halogen Oxidation of an Osmium(0) Difluorocarbene Compound and the Structures of Os(CF3)Cl2(NO)(PPh3)2 and Os(CF3)Cl0.666I1.333(NO)(PPh3)2 (1986)

Oxidation of Os(=CF2) Cl (NO)(PPh3)2 by the halogens X2(X = Cl , I), unexpectedly yields the trifluoromethyl complexes Os(CF3)CIX(NO)(PPh3)2 in a low yield which is improved by the addition of LiF to the reaction mixture. The crystal structures of both Os(CF3)Cl2(NO)(PPh3)2 and Os(CF3)Cl0.666I1.333(NO)(PPh3)2 have been determined. Crystals of Os(CF3)Cl2(NO)(PPh3)2 are monoclinic, a 24.543(5), b 9.685(1), c 15.951(1) ?, ß 115.81(1)°, Z 4, space group C2/c. Least-squares refinement has returned a residual, R, of 0.048 for 3371 observed reflections. The molecule lies on a twofold axis, with the CF3-group and one Cl-ligand statistically interchanged. Crystals of Os(CF3)Cl0.666 I1.333(NO)(PPh3)2 are monoclinic, a 24.562(4), b 9.690(1), c 16.385(2) ?, ß 115.51(1)°, Z 4, space group C2/c. Least-squares refinement has returned a residual of 0.058 for 4087 observed reflections. This crystal structure is best described as a 2 : 1 mixture of Os(CF3) ClI (NO)(PPh3)2 and s(CF3)I2(NO)(PPh3)2, (both with CF3 and I statistically disordered about the diad axis, as above). Both complexes exhibit octahedral coordination geometries.
Nerve Growth Factor-Immobilized Electrically Conducting Fibrous Scaffolds for Potential Use in Neural Engineering Applications (2011)

Engineered scaffolds simultaneously exhibiting multiple cues are highly desirable for neural tissue regeneration. To this end, we developed a neural tissue engineering scaffold that displays submicrometer-scale features, electrical conductivity, and neurotrophic activity. Specifically, electrospun poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers were layered with a nanometer thick coating of electrically conducting polypyrrole (PPy) presenting carboxylic groups. Then, nerve growth factor (NGF) was chemically immobilized onto the surface of the fibers. These NGF-immobilized PPy-coated PLGA (NGF-PPyPLGA) fibers supported PC12 neurite formation ( 28.0±3.0% of the cells) and neurite outgrowth (14.2 μm median length), which were comparable to that observed with NGF (50 ng/mL) in culture medium ( 29.0±1.3%, 14.4 μm). Electrical stimulation of PC12 cells on NGF-immobilized PPyPLGA fiber scaffolds was found to further improve neurite development and neurite length by 18% and 17%, respectively, compared to unstimulated cells on the NGF-immobilized fibers. Hence, submicrometer-scale fibrous scaffolds that incorporate neurotrophic and electroconducting activities may serve as promising neural tissue engineering scaffolds such as nerve guidance conduits.
El seguro de dependencia (2001)

Sumario: EL fenómeno mundial del envejecimiento de la población presenta implicaciones en la protección social, el empleo y los servicios sociales. En el artículo abordar uno de los mayores retos a los que se enfrenta nuestra sociedad y el sector asegurador en particular, Responder a las necesidades de atención y cuidados de un creciente número de personas mayores que ya no son capaces de valerse por sí mismas
The Brain Activity Map (2013)

Researchers propose building technologies to enable comprehensive mapping of neural circuit activity to understand brain function and disease.
The tumor suppressor <i>CYLD</i> regulates entry into mitosis (2007)

Mutations in the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene cause benign tumors of skin appendages, referred to as cylindromas. The CYLD gene encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme that removes Lys-63-linked ubiquitin chains from I kappa B kinase signaling components and thereby inhibits NF-kappaB pathway activation. The dysregulation of NF-kappaB activity has been proposed to promote cell transformation in part by increasing apoptosis resistance, but it is not clear whether this is CYLD's only or predominant tumor-suppressing function. Here, we show that CYLD is also required for timely entry into mitosis. Consistent with a cell-cycle regulatory function, CYLD localizes to microtubules in interphase and the midbody during telophase, and its protein levels decrease as cells exit from mitosis. We identified the protein kinase Plk1 as a potential target of CYLD in the regulation of mitotic entry, based on their physical interaction and similar loss-of-function and overexpression phenotypes. Our findings raise the possibility that, as with other genes regulating tumorigenesis, CYLD has not only tumor-suppressing (apoptosis regulation) but also tumor-promoting activities (enhancer of mitotic entry). We propose that this additional function of CYLD could provide an explanation for the benign nature of most cylindroma lesions.
Reducing the Cost of Energy from Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants: Preprint (2003)

Parabolic trough solar technology is the most proven and lowest cost large-scale solar power technology available today, primarily because of the nine large commercial-scale solar power plants that are operating in the California Mojave Desert. However, no new plants have been built during the past ten years because the cost of power from these plants is more expensive than power from conventional fossil fuel power plants. This paper reviews the current cost of energy and the potential for reducing the cost of energy from parabolic trough solar power plant technology based on the latest technological advancements and projected improvements from industry and sponsored R&D. The paper also looks at the impact of project financing and incentives on the cost of energy.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptides induce guinea-pig ileum contraction by causing release of endogenous acetylcholine. (1990)

Two vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) analogues were observed to induce a concentration-dependent contraction of guinea-pig ileum, which was blocked by atropine but not by tubocurarine. The analogue from guinea-pig, VIP [VIP(gp)], was the most potent inducer of ileum contraction, followed by human-porcine-rat VIP [VIP(hpr)], which differs from VIP(gp) by 4 nonpolar amino acid substitutions. VIP(1-15), composed of only the first 15 of the 28 amino acids of VIP(hpr), was without effect. The relative potency of VIP(gp), VIP(hpr), and acetylcholine was 50 to 100 times more potent in inducing contraction in ileums of which the acetylcholinesterase was inactivated by paraoxon than in the controls. The VIP analogues which induced contraction of ileum also induced secretion of endogenous acetylcholine. The secreted acetylcholine was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection and an immobilized-enzyme column consisting of choline oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. The induction of ileum contraction by VIP(gp), from 10nM to 1 microM VIP, was correlated with the amounts of ACh secreted from ileum. VIP(hpr) induced less acetylcholine secretion than VIP(gp), and was also less potent in causing ileum contraction. VIP(1-15), even at 10 microM, caused neither acetylcholine release nor ileum contraction.
Human osteoclasts and preosteoclast cells (FLG 29.1) express functional c-kit receptors and interact with osteoblast and stromal cells via membrane-bound stem cell factor. (1996)

Bone remodeling requires cooperation between osteoclasts and other specialized or accessory bone cell populations by mechanisms that have not been completely elucidated. Here we describe the expression and functional role of the proto-oncogene c-kit and of its specific ligand stem cell factor (SCF) on human osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and stromal cells derived from different sources. Our results indicate that primary osteoclasts in imprints of metaphyseal bone and giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone, as well as a bone marrow-derived preosteoclast cell line of human origin (FLG 29.1), expressed immunodetectable c-kit protein. In contrast, tissue osteoclasts did not react with anti-SCF antibodies, and barely detectable levels of SCF mRNA and protein were found in FLG 29.1 cells. Conversely, a strong expression of membrane bound-SCF was found in primary cultured bone marrow stromal cells, in a stromal cell line (C433) derived from the mononuclear component of GCT of bone, and in a human cell line with osteoblast features (Saos-2). FLG 29.1 preosteoclast cells displayed about 29,000 binding sites/cell of a single class of high affinity c-kit receptors (Kd 6.12 x 10(-10) mol/L) with a molecular weight of about 140 kDa, along with a structurally normal c-kit mRNA. Proliferation of FLG 29.1 preosteoclast cells was stimulated by exogenous SCF, indicating that c-kit was capable of transducing growth signals. Finally, in vitro adhesion of FLG 29.1 cells to primary bone marrow stromal cells, GCT-derived stromal cells (C433), and Saos-2 osteoblast cells was significantly inhibited by an excess of soluble SCF or by monoclonal antibodies recognizing SCF binding sites on the c-kit receptor. These results indicate that c-kit is constitutively expressed on human osteoclasts and that it may be directly implicated in cell contact-dependent interaction of osteoclasts with other specialized or accessory cell populations of the bone microenvironment. Our observations suggest a role for SCF in human diseases characterized by abnormal bone resorption and remodeling.
Simple analytical dual‐band spectral‐spatial RF pulses for <i>B</i><sub>1</sub>+ and susceptibility artifact reduction in gradient echo MRI (2010)

Susceptibility artifacts and transmission radio frequency (RF) field (B(1) +) inhomogeneity are major limitations in high-field gradient echo MRI. Previously proposed numerical 2D spectral-spatial RF pulses have been shown to be promising for reducing the through-plane signal loss susceptibility artifact by incorporating a frequency-dependent through-plane phase correction. This method has recently been extended to 4D spectral-spatial RF pulse designs for reducing B(1) + inhomogeneity as well as the signal loss. In this manuscript, we present simple analytical pulse designs for constructing 2D and 4D spectral-spatial RF pulses as an alternative to the numerical approaches. The 2D pulse capable of exciting slices with reduced signal loss and is lipid suppressing. The 4D pulse simultaneously corrects signal loss as well as the B(1) + inhomogeneity from a body coil transmitter. The pulses are demonstrated with simulations and with gradient echo phantom and brain images at 3T using a standard RF body coil. The pulses were observed to work well for multiple slices and several volunteers.
Gemcitabine: a new approach to treating pancreatic cancer. (1998)

Clinical benefit assessments rely on oncology nurses to classify the response to treatment in addition to managing the side effects.
Co-clustering of biological networks and gene expression data (2002)

We propose constructing a distance function which combines information from expression data and biological networks. Based on this function, we compute a joint clustering of genes and vertices of the network. This general approach is elaborated for metabolic networks. We define a graph distance function on such networks and combine it with a correlation-based distance function for gene expression measurements. A hierarchical clustering and an associated statistical measure is computed to arrive at a reasonable number of clusters. Our method is validated using expression data of the yeast diauxic shift. The resulting clusters are easily interpretable in terms of the biochemical network and the gene expression data and suggest that our method is able to automatically identify processes that are relevant under the measured conditions.
Fast generalized affine projection algorithm (2000)

The affine projection algorithm (APA), and the entire class of algorithms equivalent to APA, attempts to accelerate the convergence of the normalized least-mean-squares (NLMS) algorithm by adapting weights based on past input vectors in addition to the usual NLMS adaptation based on the current input vector. Before deriving a fast version of it, we review our generalized APA algorithm called NLMS with orthogonal correction factors (NLMS-OCF). NLMS-OCF provides complete flexibility in choosing the past input vectors. This flexibility provides improved convergence over the APA and its equivalents. A fast version of NLMS-OCF is then derived which uses a lattice-based forward–backward predictor. The significant convergence properties of NLMS-OCF are summarized. Simulation results that compare NLMS-OCF and APA are presented. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification Assays for Total and Polyglutamine-Expanded Huntingtin Proteins (2014)

The expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene, which produces huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract, is the cause of Huntington's disease (HD). Recent studies have reported that RNAi suppression of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin (mutant HTT) in HD animal models can ameliorate disease phenotypes. A key requirement for such preclinical studies, as well as eventual clinical trials, aimed to reduce mutant HTT exposure is a robust method to measure HTT protein levels in select tissues. We have developed several sensitive and selective assays that measure either total human HTT or polyglutamine-expanded human HTT proteins on the electrochemiluminescence Meso Scale Discovery detection platform with an increased dynamic range over other methods. In addition, we have developed an assay to detect endogenous mouse and rat HTT proteins in pre-clinical models of HD to monitor effects on the wild type protein of both allele selective and non-selective interventions. We demonstrate the application of these assays to measure HTT protein in several HD in vitro cellular and in vivo animal model systems as well as in HD patient biosamples. Furthermore, we used purified recombinant HTT proteins as standards to quantitate the absolute amount of HTT protein in such biosamples.
Liposomes Coated with Isolated Macrophage Membrane Can Target Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer (2016)

Cancer metastasis leads to high mortality of breast cancer and is difficult to treat because of the poor delivery efficiency of drugs. Herein, we report the wrapping of a drug-carrying liposome with an isolated macrophage membrane to improve delivery to metastatic sites. The macrophage membrane decoration increased cellular uptake of the emtansine liposome in metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells and had inhibitory effects on cell viability. In vivo, the macrophage membrane enabled the liposome to target metastatic cells and produced a notable inhibitory effect on lung metastasis of breast cancer. Our results provide a biomimetic strategy via the biological properties of macrophages to enhance the medical performance of a nanoparticle in vivo for treating cancer metastasis.
Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Amalgams: Transitional-State Metallic Mixtures (TransM<sup>2</sup>ixes) with Enhanced and Tunable Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties (2017)

Metals are excellent choices for electrical- and thermal-current conducting. However, either the stiffness of solid metals or the fluidity of liquid metals could be troublesome when flexibility and formability are both desired. To address this problem, a reliable two-stage route to improve the functionalities of gallium-based liquid metals is proposed. A series of stable semiliquid/semisolid gallium-based liquid metal amalgams with well-controlled particle packing ratios, which we call TransM<sup>2</sup>ixes, are prepared and characterized. Through effectively packing the liquid metal with copper particles (which are found to turn into intermetallic compound, CuGa<sub>2</sub>, after dispersing), remarkable enhancements in electrical conductivity (6 × 10<sup>6</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup>, ∼80% increase) and thermal conductivity (50 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>, ∼100% increase) are obtained, making the TransM<sup>2</sup>ixes stand out from current conductive soft materials. The TransM<sup>2</sup>ixes also exhibit appealing semiliquid/semisolid mechanical behaviors such as excellent adhesion, tunable formability, and self-healing ability. As a class of highly conductive yet editable metallic mixtures, the TransM<sup>2</sup>ixes demonstrate potential applications in fields like printed and/or flexible electronics and thermal interface materials, as well as other circumstances where the flexibility and conductivity of interfaces and connections are crucial.
Linear precoding under iterative processing for multiple antenna channels (2004)

We propose a universal linear precoder for bit-interleaved coded QAM modulations transmitted over frequency non-selective multiple antenna channels. The precoder is based on cyclotomic multi-dimensional rotations and does not require the knowledge of the channel matrix at the transmitter side. The preceding performance analysis is made via the genie method by assuming a receiver with iterative APP detection. We also describe a new singleton bound on the diversity order that takes into account the time-spreading factor of the precoder. This new bound is indispensable to select the precoder size yielding the maximum diversity order while minimizing the detector's complexity.
Link Prediction Methods and Their Accuracy for Different Social Networks and Network Metrics (2015)

Currently, we are experiencing a rapid growth of the number of social-based online systems. The availability of the vast amounts of data gathered in those systems brings new challenges that we face when trying to analyse it. One of the intensively researched topics is the prediction of social connections between users . Although a lot of effort has been made to develop new prediction approaches, the existing methods are not comprehensively analysed. In this paper we investigate the correlation between network metrics and accuracy of different prediction methods. We selected six time-stamped real-world social networks and ten most widely used link prediction methods. The results of the experiments show that the performance of some methods has a strong correlation with certain network metrics. We managed to distinguish “prediction friendly” networks, for which most of the prediction methods give good performance, as well as “prediction unfriendly” networks, for which most of the methods result in high prediction error. Correlation analysis between network metrics and prediction accuracy of prediction methods may form the basis of a metalearning system where based on network characteristics it will be able to recommend the right prediction method for a given network.
Inductorless Soft Switching DC-DC Converter with an Optimized Piezoelectric Resonator (2020)

The inductor presents one of the biggest obstacles in miniaturizing power electronics. Inductive circuit elements are required by almost all switch mode converter topologies but inductors are relatively large and lossy. Piezoelectric resonators can provide an inductive impedance around resonance with low loss, offering the possibility of replacing inductors and increasing power density. High frequencies are needed to achieve high power density with piezoelectric resonators, which is now achievable with wide band-gap semiconductors. In this paper we present a piezoelectric resonator for power conversion fabricated out of lithium niobate, a material that has several advantages for high frequency power conversion compared to the more commonly used PZT ceramics. The piezoelectric resonator is used in a step-down dc-dc converter that achieves zero voltage soft switching and a continuously variable conversion ratio without the use of magnetic components. The converter operates at 6.3MHz and has a maximum power output of 30W at an efficiency of 92.7%, achieving a power density of 16.7 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Polymerization of Isobutylene by GaCl<sub>3</sub> or FeCl<sub>3</sub>/Ether Complexes in Nonpolar Solvents (2012)

The carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB), co-initiated by GaCl3 or FeCl3·dialkyl ether 1:1 complexes has been investigated in hexanes in the −20 to 10 °C temperature range. In contrast to AlCl3·diisopropyl ether (AlCl3·i-Pr2O) complexes,(1) GaCl3·i-Pr2O and FeCl3·i-Pr2O readily co-initiate polymerization with 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl) or tert-butyl chloride (t-BuCl) in the presence or absence of proton trap. In the absence of proton trap, chain transfer to monomer readily proceeded, resulting in close to complete monomer conversion and up to 85% exo-olefinic end group content. Diisopropyl ether complexes gave the highest polymerization rates, while nonbranched alkyl ether complexes were completely inactive. A polymerization mechanism is proposed to involve ether-assisted proton elimination to yield PIB exo-olefin, and the abstracted proton can subsequently start a new polymer chain by protonation of IB. Alternatively PIB+ may be deactivated by ion collapse to yield PIBCl, which can be reactivated by the Lewis acid. The reasons for the difference in behavior between the Ga and Fe catalysts and the Al-based catalysts are described.
H/sub ∞/-learning of layered neural networks (2001)

Although the backpropagation (BP) scheme is widely used as a learning algorithm for multilayered neural networks, the learning speed of the BP algorithm to obtain acceptable errors is unsatisfactory in spite of some improvements such as introduction of a momentum factor and an adaptive learning rate in the weight adjustment. To solve this problem, a fast learning algorithm based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is presented and fortunately its computational complexity has been reduced by some simplifications. In general, however, the Kalman filtering algorithm is well known to be sensitive to the nature of noises which is generally assumed to be Gaussian. In addition, the H(infinity) theory suggests that the maximum energy gain of the Kalman algorithm from disturbances to the estimation error has no upper bound. Therefore, the EKF-based learning algorithms should be improved to enhance the robustness to variations in the initial values of link weights and thresholds as well as to the nature of noises. The paper proposes H(infinity)-learning as a novel learning rule and to derive new globally and locally optimized learning algorithms based on H (infinity)-learning. Their learning behavior is analyzed from various points of view using computer simulations. The derived algorithms are also compared, in performance and computational cost, with the conventional BP and EKF learning algorithms.
Cognitive frequency hopping based on interference prediction (2009)

Wireless services in the unlicensed bands are proliferating but frequently face high interference from other devices due to a lack of coordination among heterogeneous technologies. In this paper we study how cognitive radio concepts enable systems to sense and predict interference patterns and adapt their spectrum access accordingly. This leads to a new cognitive coexistence paradigm, in which cognitive radio implicitly coordinates the spectrum access of heterogeneous systems. Within this framework, we investigate coexistence with a set of parallel WLAN bands: based on predicting WLAN activity, the cognitive radio dynamically hops between the bands to avoid collisions and reduce interference. The development of a real-time test bed is presented, and used to corroborate theoretical results and model assumptions. Numerical results show a good fit between theory and experiment and demonstrate that sensing and prediction can mitigate interference effectively.