gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Siamese Network with Soft Attention for Semantic Text Understanding (2017)

We propose a task independent neural networks model, based on a Siamese-twin architecture. Our model specifically benefits from two forms of attention scheme, which we use to extract high level feature representation of the underlying texts, both at word level (intra-attention) as well as sentence level (inter-attention). The inter attention scheme uses one of the text to create a contextual interlock with the other text, thus paying attention to mutually important parts. We evaluate our system on three tasks, i.e. Textual Entailment, Paraphrase Detection and Answer-Sentence selection. We set a near state-of-the-art result on the textual entailment task with the SNLI corpus while obtaining strong performance across the other tasks that we evaluate our model on.
Molecular effects of curcumin on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (2021)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies have shown that myelin degradation during MS and EAE resulted in reduced expression of some of the proteins, e.g., the MBP (myelin basic protein), and increased expression of genes such as iNOS (Inducible nitric oxide synthase) and NOGO-A in the affected patients. In the present study, EAE was induced by immunizing Wistar rats (n=12) with homogenized spinal cord of guinea pig and Freund's complete adjuvant. Curcumin is an active ingredient in turmeric with anti-inflammatory properties, which has been studied in this article. In this study, the effect of curcumin administration on the change of the expression of MBP, NOGO-A, and iNOS genes was evaluated using the RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) technique. The obtained results indicated it could be concluded that curcumin was able to improve EAE by increasing the amount of MBP gene expression and reducing the intensity of NOGO-A expression.
The role of bacteria in cancer therapy – enemies in the past, but allies at present (2018)

In recent decades, bacteria's therapeutic role has aroused attention in medicinal and pharmaceutical research. While bacteria are considered among the primary agents for causing cancer, recent research has shown intriguing results suggesting that bacteria can be effective agents for cancer treatment - they are the perfect vessels for targeted cancer therapy. Several bacterial strains/species have been discovered to possess inherent oncolytic potentials to invade and colonize solid tumors in vivo. The therapeutic strategy of using bacteria for treating cancer is considered to be effective; however, the severe side effects encountered during the treatment resulted in the abandonment of the therapy. State-of-the-art genetic engineering has been recently applied to bacteria therapy and resulted in a greater efficacy with minimum side effects. In addition, the anti-cancer potential of tumor-targeting bacteria through oral administration circumvents the use of the intravenous route and the associated adverse effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest literature on the role of bacteria in cancer treatment.
High sensitivity and high selectivity terahertz biomedical imaging (Invited Paper) (2011)

We demonstrate two distinct emerging terahertz (THz) biomedical imaging techniques. One is based on the use of a new single frequency THz quantum cascade laser and the other is based on broadband THz time domain spectrocopy. The first method is employed to derive a metastasis lung tissue imaging at 3.7 THz with clear contrast between cancerous and healthy areas. The second approach is used to study an osseous tissue under several imaging modalities and achieve full THz spectroscopic imaging based on the frequency domain or on a fixed THz propagation time-delay. Sufficient contrast is achieved which facilitated the identification of regions with different cellular types and density compositions.
Randomized comparison of cisplatin plus fluorouracil and carboplatin plus fluorouracil versus methotrexate in advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a Southwest Oncology Group study. (1992)

We conclude that combination chemotherapy resulted in improved response rates but was associated with an increased toxicity and no improvement in overall survival. Therefore, new treatments that may alter the course of disease in recurrent head and neck cancer patients still need to be identified.
Acceptability of local made baits for oral vaccination of dogs against rabies in the Philippines (2001)

In the Philippines, traditional mass dog vaccination campaigns have only achieved limited and transient success in dog rabies control, mainly because a large segment of the dog population is not accessible for traditional parenteral vaccination. Oral vaccination of dogs has been suggested as a supplementary method to increase the overall vaccination coverage of the dog populations involved. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify a suitable bait that is readily accepted by local dogs and that can be prepared without high costs. During a field study, dog bait-acceptance of several baits, made from inexpensive local available material, was examined in the Philippines. Of three baits tested, chickenneck, intestine, and boiled-intestine, the latter, made from boiled sections of the larger intestine of domestic pigs, had the highest acceptance-rate: none of the dogs that were offered a bait refused it, except for two dogs that ran away when approached. Other derivatives of the boiled-intestine bait were also accepted by almost all dogs. These baits, using the serosa of the smaller intestine as bait matrix were filled with fish, beef or pork scraps. However, preparation-time was longer and the costs of bait material were higher than those for the boiled-intestine bait (0.01 U$). The boiled-intestine bait can be produced at very low costs using locally available material and is extremely well accepted by local dogs, hence, providing a realistic opportunity to incorporate oral vaccination of dogs in the national rabies programme of the Philippines.
Protecting The Bees (2012)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTProtecting The BeesView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2012, 90, 42, 28–29Publication Date (Print):October 15, 2012Publication History Published online29 March 2013Published inissue 15 October 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09042-govpol1https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09042-govpol1newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Agriculture,Alkyls,Mathematical methods,Organophosphorus compounds,Plant derived food Get e-Alerts
Underwater cableless data transmission (2002)

An optical cableless data transmission link for underwater operation at ranges up to 20 m is presented. The system is bidirectional and uniaxial, and uses a red laser diode as optical source. Data rates up to 14,700 Baud can be transmitted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic resonance imaging in real time: Advances using radial FLASH (2009)

Real-time radial FLASH MRI emerges as a simple and versatile tool for a large range of clinical applications.
Graph theoretical framework for simultaneously integrating visual and textual features for efficient web image clustering (2008)

With the explosive growth of Web and the recent development in digital media technology, the number of images on the Web has grown tremendously. Consequently, Web image clustering has emerged as an important application. Some of the initial efforts along this direction revolved around clustering Web images based on the visual features of images or textual features by making use of the text surrounding the images. However, not much work has been done in using multimodal information for clustering Web images. In this paper, we propose a graph theoretical framework for simultaneously integrating visual and textual features for efficient Web image clustering. Specifically, we model visual features, images and words from surrounding text using a tripartite graph. Partitioning this graph leads to clustering of the Web images. Although, graph partitioning approach has been adopted before, the main contribution of this work lies in a new algorithm that we propose - Consistent Isoperimetric High-order Co-clustering (CIHC), for partitioning the tripartite graph. Computationally, CIHC is very quick as it requires a simple solution to a sparse system of linear equations. Our theoretical analysis and extensive experiments performed on real Web images demonstrate the performance of CIHC in terms of the quality, efficiency and scalability in partitioning the visual feature-image-word tripartite graph.
Pathogenesis of human urinary bladder cancer (1983)

The pathogenesis of bladder cancer is being analyzed at several levels of biological organization, i.e., population groups, individual whole animal, tissue, cell, molecule, etc. Each of these levels provides opportunities for mechanistic studies. Yet the integration of these several levels into a cohesive fabric is incomplete. From a clinical point of view, the following seem of importance to human bladder cancer pathogenesis. The initiation, promotion, and progression of bladder cancer involves several factors acting concurrently or sequentially. These factors appear to be naturally occurring or synthetically created chemicals present in the external environment. Human exposures to these agents may begin in utero, and varying, dynamic qualitative and quantitative exposure patterns continue through developmental and adult life. Apparent latent periods of development of clinical bladder cancer may be as short as one, or as long as 50 years or more. Individuals may exhibit differential susceptibility to vesical carcinogens, perhaps through phenotypic differences in quantitative biotransformation routes. Differences in bladder epithelial cell susceptibilities probably also occur, as well as varying local tissue and generalized resistance to neoplasia formation. Older individuals do not appear to be more resistant to bladder carcinogenesis. A number of animal model systems have been developed for the study of the in vivo, cellular, and molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer. These models replicate many of the known salient features of human bladder cancer. Through use of appropriate whole animal models in conjunction with investigations of human and animal bladder cells and tissues in culture, controlled mechanistic and quantitative studies of bladder cancer pathogenesis should rapidly develop.
The TUNNEL Profile (2003)

This memo describes a Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BEEP)
profile that allows a BEEP peer to serve as an application-layer
proxy. It allows authorized users to access services through a
firewall.
Exploiting Vulnerabilities of Load Forecasting Through Adversarial Attacks (2019)

Load forecasting plays a critical role in the operation and planning of power systems. By using input features such as historical loads and weather forecasts, system operators and utilities build forecast models to guide decision making in commitment and dispatch. As the forecasting techniques becomes more sophisticated, however, they also become more vulnerable to cybersecurity threats. In this paper, we study the vulnerability of a class of load forecasting algorithms and analyze the potential impact on the power system operations, such as load shedding and increased dispatch costs. Specifically, we propose data injection attack algorithms that require minimal assumptions on the ability of the adversary. The attacker does not need to have knowledge about the load forecasting model or the underlying power system. Surprisingly, our results indicate that standard load forecasting algorithms are quite vulnerable to the designed black-box attacks. By only injecting malicious data in temperature from online weather forecast APIs, an attacker could manipulate load forecasts in arbitrary directions and cause significant and targeted damages to system operations.
Accelerated Healing with a Mesh Autograft/Allodermal Composite Skin Graft Treated with Silver Nylon Dressings with and without Direct Current in Rats (2000)

This type of MCSG can heal without immunosuppressive treatment.
A 50 watt monolithic surface-mount series-shunt PIN diode switch with integrated thermal sink (2010)

A new monolithic surface-mount RF PIN diode switch topology that provides a significant improvement over the power handling and bandwidth characteristics of discrete surface-mount PIN diode switches has been developed. It employs M/A-COM Technology Solutions' patented silicon-glass HMIC process[1]–[2], and a unique patented HMIC topology[3] providing 1) a separate series PIN diode thermal sink for increased power handling performance and 2) lower parasitic impedances than discrete packaged components. Test results of an HMIC-fabricated SPST switch are presented and compared with simulations and measurements of a discrete diode switch.
Processing and microfiltration of mosquitoes for malaria antigen detection in a rapid dot immunobinding assay (1990)

Data on a technique for the detection of antigen from arthropod vectors in a dot immunobinding assay are presented. In this system, antigen present in the vector was first solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The homogenate from this process was microfiltered through a two-membrane sandwich; target antigen molecules passed through the first membrane and were immobilized on the second one. The first membrane was nonbinding and served to impinge debris. The second membrane was a high-protein-binding-capacity hydrophobic polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. High signal-to-noise ratios were produced by this method, which is readily adaptable for field use. This assay was used for malaria sporozoites, but it can serve as a general technique that is applicable to other arthropod vectors and etiologic agents.
The Influence of Hearing Aids on the Speech and Language Development of Children With Hearing Loss (2014)

IMPORTANCE Hearing loss (HL) in children can be deleterious to their speech and language development. The standard of practice has been early provision of hearing aids (HAs) to moderate these effects; however, there have been few empirical studies evaluating the effectiveness of this practice on speech and language development among children with mild-to-severe HL. OBJECTIVE To investigate the contributions of aided hearing and duration of HA use to speech and language outcomes in children with mild-to-severe HL. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An observational cross-sectional design was used to examine the association of aided hearing levels and length of HA use with levels of speech and language outcomes. One hundred eighty 3- and 5-year-old children with HL were recruited through records of Universal Newborn Hearing Screening and referrals from clinical service providers in the general community in 6 US states. INTERVENTIONS All but 4 children had been fitted with HAs, and measures of aided hearing and the duration of HA use were obtained. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Standardized measures of speech and language ability were obtained. RESULTS Measures of the gain in hearing ability for speech provided by the HA were significantly correlated with levels of speech (ρ179 = 0.20; P = .008) and language: ρ155 = 0.21; P = .01) ability. These correlations were indicative of modest levels of association between aided hearing and speech and language outcomes. These benefits were found for children with mild and moderate-to-severe HL. In addition, the amount of benefit from aided hearing interacted with the duration of HA experience (Speech: F4,161 = 4.98; P < .001; Language: F4,138 = 2.91; P < .02). Longer duration of HA experience was most beneficial for children who had the best aided hearing. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The degree of improved hearing provided by HAs was associated with better speech and language development in children. In addition, the duration of HA experience interacted with the aided hearing to influence outcomes. These results provide support for the provision of well-fitted HAs to children with HL. In particular, the findings support early HA fitting and HA provision to children with mild HL.
A Cognitive Vision Approach to Image Segmentation (2008)

In this chapter, we address the problem of image segmentation with a cognitive vision approach. More precisely, we study three major issues of the segmentation task in vision systems: context adaptation, selection of an algorithm and tuning of its free parameters, according to the image content and to the application needs. Most of the time, this tedious and time-consuming task is achieved by an expert in image processing using a manual trialand-error process. Recently, some attempts at automating the extraction of optimal parameters of segmentation have been made but they are still too application-dependent. The re-usability of such methods is still an open problem. We have chosen to handle this issue with a cognitive vision approach. Cognitive vision is a recent research field which proposes to enrich computer vision systems with cognitive capabilities, e.g., to reason from a priori knowledge, to learn from perceptual information, or to adapt its strategy to different problems. We propose a supervised learning-based methodology for off-line configuration and on-line adaptation of the segmentation task in vision systems. The off-line configuration stage requires minimal knowledge to learn the optimal selection and tuning of segmentation algorithms. In an on-line stage, the learnt segmentation knowledge is used to perform an adaptive segmentation of images. This cognitive vision approach to image segmentation is thus a contribution for the research in cognitive vision. Indeed, it enables robustness, adaptation, and re-usability faculties to be fulfilled. Finally, by addressing the problem of adaptive image segmentation, we have also addressed underlying problems, such as feature extraction and selection, and segmentation evaluation and mapping between low-level and high-level knowledge. Each of these well-known challenging problems is not easily tractable and still demands to be intensively considered. We have designed our approach (and our software) to be modular and upgradeable so as to take advantage of new progresses in these topics. The brittleness of our approach to unknown situations is currently its major drawback. This concerns the context analysis level as well as the segmentation level. The concerned algorithms are the DBScan algorithm for image-content clustering and the SVMs for the semantic segmentation. Currently, neither the clustering algorithm nor the SVMs are able to adapt dynamically to new training data: the learning process must be run again on the whole training data set. The use of incremental machine learning techniques should be useful to fulfil the property of continuous learning. The main idea of incremental learning
Spot size, adiabaticity and diffraction in tapered fibres (1987)

A simple formula is given for the maximum spot size achievable by downtapering a single-mode fibre, regardless of core profile. When the fundamental-mode field is approximately Gaussian, the maximum taper angle associated with minimal loss of spot-size power on a finite-length taper is the classical diffraction angle for a beam passing through a circular aperture.
Unsupervised Temporal Consistency Metric for Video Segmentation in Highly-Automated Driving (2020)

Commonly used metrics to evaluate semantic segmentation such as mean intersection over union (mIoU) do not incorporate temporal consistency. A straightforward extension of existing metrics towards evaluating the consistency of segmentation of video sequences does not exist, since labelled videos are rare and very expensive to obtain. For safety-critical applications such as highly automated driving, there is, however, a need for a metric that measures such temporal consistency of video segmentation networks to possibly support safety requirements. In this paper, (a) we introduce a metric which does not require segmentation labels for measuring the stability of the predictions of segmentation networks over a series of images; (b) we perform an in-depth analysis of the proposed metric and observe strong correlations to the supervised mIoU metric; (c) we perform an evaluation of five state-of-the-art networks for semantic segmentation of varying complexities and architectures evaluated on two public datasets, namely, Cityscapes and CamVid. Finally, we perform timing evaluations and propose the use of the metric as either an online observer for identification of possibly unstable segmentation predictions, or as an offline method to evaluate or to improve semantic segmentation networks, e.g., by selecting additional training data with critical temporal consistency.
Improvement of the functional properties of insoluble gluten by pronase digestion followed by dextran conjugation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImprovement of the functional properties of insoluble gluten by pronase digestion followed by dextran conjugationAkio Kato, Kazuhiko Shimokawa, and Kunihiko KobayashiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 6, 1053–1056Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00006a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts