gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Functionalization of Unsaturated Polyethylene: Poly(ethylene-co-1,4-hexadiene) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Functionalization of Unsaturated Polyethylene: Poly(ethylene-co-1,4-hexadiene)T. C. Chung, H. L. Lu, and C. L. LiCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 26, 7533–7537Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00104a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00104a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views618Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal and guaranteed alternative LSP for multiple failures (2005)

Fast rerouting mechanisms are being studied in order to provide fault tolerance for LSP in an MPLS network in case of node or link failure. For QoS provision, protected LSP are handled apart from non-protected LSP. Rerouting mechanisms when applied on protected LSP must take into account QoS requirements. This paper presents a mechanism that is able to handle multiple failures along an LSP while using an optimal alternative LSP. The rerouting decision is taken close to the point of failure that reduces the restoration time. The use of pre-established alternative LSP also reduces the restoration time and avoids blocking when looking for an alternative path. The proposal is based on a hybrid approach of segment repair and path repair and provides a new alternative LSP using dynamic rerouting once the protected one has been rerouted. In this way, there is always an alternative LSP for each protected LSP. The over all performance (recovery time, end-to-end delay, packet losses, and network resource utilization) is compared with existing protection mechanisms by simulation. The proposed hybrid approach, optimal and guaranteed alternative path (OGAP), avoids the possible use of a non-optimal alternative LSP to reroute the protected traffic and provides the flexibility of alternative route selection and setup as well as better resource utilization. Moreover, our proposal guarantees at least one alternative LSF at any time for the traffic on the protected LSP
Seizing opportunities: MOOC takers making time for change (2019)

We interviewed people living in African countries who have taken Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) created by the University of Cape Town to ask about their challenges, goals, and value studying online. They are drawn to taking MOOCs in part because of the claims around flexible learning opportunities for people with busy lives. A striking feature in these interviews is the many references to the challenges associated with negotiating time to study online. Here we wish to move beyond simply identifying deficit models of time or time management and rather seek to understand the value of MOOCs to people with work or career transition goals. The MOOC takers’ experiences are quite different to those in conventional degree courses as MOOC participation is voluntary and must be negotiated around existing commitments, suggesting a need for reframing of what is valued by people studying online in their own time.
Value of three Protein Rations in Maintaining Honeybee Colonies in Outdoor Flight Cages (1973)

SummaryWhen three protein rations were fed to 20 colonies of honeybees in outdoor flight cages, the ration containing 17% pollen was consumed in greater amounts than rations containing no pollen, and the colonies receiving it produced significantly more brood than the others. However, brood rearing in all caged colonies was far below that in uncaged colonies. The dry weight and nitrogen content of emerging bees from colonies fed the three rations did not differ significantly. Seven uncaged colonies not supplied with supplementary food always had a greater area of sealed than of unsealed brood, but the position was reversed in the caged colonies, indicating that some of their larvae died before sealing. Neither the brood-rearing pattern, nor the brood areas, of the caged colonies followed the seasonal trend displayed by the uncaged colonies.
Effect of the hydrogenating component of bifunctional zeolitecontaining catalysts on the composition of the hydrogenation products of carbon monoxide (1985)

This paper presents a study on the Fe/M ratio, where M is a group V-VIII metal in bifunctional zeolite-containing catalysts on the composition of the hydrocarbon products of the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide under different reaction conditions. Additives introduced into the iron-containing component may be divided into two groups: group I) Mn, V. and Mn-V facilitate an enhancement of the products in the epsilonC/sub 5/+ fraction and group II) Sb, ce, cu, Mo and Mn-Mo which gave an enhancement in the volatile hydrocarbon fraction epsilonC/sub 2/-C/sub 4/. The nature of the zeolite (high-silicon or erionite) affects the selectivity of the transformation of CO and H/sub 2/.
Radio-activity on the Web (1996)

La radio est desormais accessible sur Internet. En plus des radios existant sur les ondes, des radios uniquement electroniques se sont multipliees. Internet est-il l'avenir de la radio ?
Low-temperature reaction of thin-film platinum (≤300 Å) with (100) silicon (1990)

Thin platinum films of 164 and 303 Å thickness are deposited on (100) silicon and annealed at temperatures ranging from 180 to 300 °C in a nitrogen furnace for various times ranging from 1 min to 200 h. Sheet resistance (Rs ) measurement shows a four-stage silicide formation sequence: (1) the Rs increases to a maximum value; (2) the Rs then decreases to a minimum value; (3) the Rs increases once again and reaches a second maximum value; and (4) the Rs decreases to a final stable value. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the initial phase grown is Pt12Si5 which corresponds to the sheet-resistance increase in the first stage. This phase is also identified by the transmission electron diffraction analysis. This is the first time that the Pt12Si5 phase formed by the Pt/Si direct reaction is observed. The second stage corresponds to the growth of Pt2Si as confirmed by the x-ray diffraction and Auger spectroscopy analyses. The third stage corresponds to the growth of PtSi and the final stage corresponds to the increase of PtSi grain size. Samples with initial Pt films of 500, 800, and 2000 Å thickness were also prepared and analyzed by x-ray diffraction. The increase of film thickness suppresses the growth of Pt12Si5, and for Pt films thicker than 800 Å the initial phase grown becomes Pt2Si. The film thickness dependence is explained by the partial lattice-match-induced preferred phase growth effect. The effective absorption coefficient (Kse ) of the Pt/Si structure after annealing is determined by ellipsometry measurement, and the activation energy of the Pt12Si5 phase formation derived from the Rs -time plot or the Kse -time plot is determined to be 1.5–1.6 eV.
Correlation between Moisture and HF Formation in the Aluminium Process (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Setup and Procedure Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement
Changes in the Mitogenic Activity of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor(s) in Patients with Myeloproliferative Disease (1989)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is thought to take part in the genesis of bone marrow fibrosis that can be found in patients with myeloproliferative diseases. We evaluated platelet mitogenic activity as the difference between serum and plasma activity in 8 patients with myeloproliferative disease. We observed a trend of lower values in 2 cases of polycythemia vera and 2 cases of essential thrombocythemia, as seen by other authors. Two patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia were within the normal range. In contrast, our 2 cases of idiopathic myelofibrosis showed increased levels. If confirmed by further studies, this could suggest a pathogenetic relationship between increased levels of PDGF and bone marrow fibrosis, and give differential diagnostic significance to the PDGF mitogenic assay in myeloproliferative diseases.
Clinical Simulations for Learning Medical Skills: A Work-based Approach to Simulators (2015)

Medicine students from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, attended the Clinical Simulation course for one semester. They had the opportunity to test their skills and acquire professional abilities in order to express their opinion on the efficiency of the medical simulation for training and professional assessment, following a series of parameters set out in a professional self-evaluation sheet included in the simulator software. Materials and methods. The method was to simulate clinical cases on Human Patient Simulator (HPS) and endoscopic investigations on GI Mentor (clinical, diagnosis, treatment scenarios). The main focus of this test was self-evaluation, as well as eye - hand coordination (indicators on time and quality of the examination) and keeping in mind the safety and comfort of the patient. Results. The information taken from records of the self evaluation reveals the following aspects:- improved quality of exploration (identification of lesions, shorter exploration) for 77% of the students after three sessions working on simulators; - the duration and quality of the exploration in the complex cases simulated on GI Mentor improved after 10 sessions for 77% of students, while progress on the HPS was recorded after 4 sessions for 89% of the students. Conclusion. The evolution of a registered clinical simulation is useful, but we consider that it should have more time granted. Given the results, clinical simulation is important for the development of medical skills of the students, but we consider that more time should be awarded for training.
Simple And Inexpensive Method For Testing High Speed Semiconductor Devices Using Electro-Optics Sampling (1988)

A new method of semiconductor device testing is described which enables the use of electro-optic sampling for routine semiconductor device measurements. The technique is well suited for testing of discrete devices in die form. Pulse risetimes less than 4 picoseconds, corresponding to frequencies well over 100 GHz, are generated and measured, with sensitivities of a few millivolts.
Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin in the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia: from Rodent to Man (2015)

Acute ischemic stroke, the most frequent cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide, results from transient or permanent reduction in regional cerebral blood flow and involves oxidative stress and inflammation. Despite the success of experimental animal models of stroke in identifying anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective compounds, translation of these putative neuroprotectants to human clinical trials has failed to produce a positive outcome. Tissue injury and stress activate endogenous mechanisms which function to restore homeostatic balance and prevent further damage by upregulating the synthesis of lipid signaling molecules, including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA or palmitoylethanolamide). PEA exerts neuroprotection and reduces inflammatory secondary events associated with brain ischemia reperfusion injury (middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)). Here, we examined the neuroprotective potential of a co-ultramicronized composite containing PEA and the antioxidant flavonoid luteolin (10:1 by mass), nominated co-ultraPEALut. The study consisted of two arms. In the first, rats subjected to MCAo and treated with co-ultraPEALut post-ischemia showed reduced edema and brain infract volume, improved neurobehavioral functions, and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory markers and astrocyte markers. In the second arm, a cohort of 250 stroke patients undergoing neurorehabilitation on either an inpatient or outpatient basis were treated for 60 days with a pharmaceutical preparation of co-ultraPEALut (Glialia). At baseline and after 30 days of treatment, all patients underwent a battery of evaluations to assess neurological status, impairment of cognitive abilities, the degree of spasticity, pain, and independence in daily living activities. All indices showed statistically significant gains at study end. Despite its observational nature, this represents the first description of co-ultraPEALut administration to human stroke patients and clinical improvement not otherwise expected from spontaneous recovery. Further, controlled trials are warranted to confirm the utility of co-ultraPEALut to improve clinical outcome in human stroke.
T lymphocytes synthesize and export heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, mitogens for vascular cells and fibroblasts: differential production and release by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. (1994)

T lymphocytes infiltrate wounds, tumors, and atherosclerotic plaques, pathophysiological processes characterized by the migration and proliferation of vascular cells and fibroblasts. Although T lymphocytes are known to produce cytokines for inflammatory cells, it has not been demonstrated that they synthesize growth factors that are mitogenic for vascular cells and fibroblasts. We demonstrate that cultured T lymphocytes isolated from normal human peripheral blood synthesize and export two well-characterized growth factors, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This conclusion is based on mRNA expression analysis, heparin-affinity chromatography profiles, target-cell specificity, and functional inhibition by specific neutralizing antibodies. Atypically, a substantial amount of T-cell-derived bFGF-like activity appears to be constitutively released into conditioned medium, almost as much as is associated with T-cell lysates. bFGF is synthesized and exported by purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas HB-EGF is synthesized and exported primarily by CD4+ T cells. The T-cell-derived HB-EGF and bFGF activities are potent mitogens for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, and the bFGF-like activity is also mitogenic for endothelial cells. These results suggest that T lymphocytes may play key roles in mediating smooth muscle hyperplasia associated with atherosclerosis and in angiogenesis associated with wound healing and tumor growth by acting locally to deliver vascular-cell growth factors to tissues.
Pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance in organic semiconductors (2009)

Abstract Carbon‐based materials have an intrinsically weak spin–orbit coupling which imposes spin selection rules on many electronic transitions. The spin degree of freedom of electrons and nuclei can therefore play a crucial role in the electronic and optical properties of these materials. Spin‐selection rules can be studied via magnetic resonance techniques such as electron–spin resonance and optically detected magnetic resonance as well as electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR). The latter has progressed in recent years to a degree where the observation of coherent spin motion via current detection has become possible, providing experimental access to many new insights into the role that paramagnetic centers play for conductivity and photoconductivity. While mostly applied to inorganic semiconductor materials such as silicon, this new, often called pulsed‐(p) EDMR spectroscopy, has much potential for organic (carbon‐based) semiconductors. In this study, progress on the development of pEDMR spectroscopy on carbon‐based materials is reviewed. Insights into materials properties that can be gained from pEDMR experiments are explained and limitations are discussed. Experimental data on radiative polaron‐pair recombination in poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(20‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] (MEH‐PPV) organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are shown, revealing that under operating conditions the driving current of the device can be modulated by spin‐Rabi nutation of the polaron spin within the charge carrier pairs. From this experimental data it becomes clear that for polaron pairs, the precursor states during exciton formation, exchange interaction is not the predominant influence on the observed pEDMR spectra.
Practical and Effcient Runtime Taint Tracking (2013)

Runtime taint tracking is a technique for controlling data propagation in applications. It is typically used to prevent disclosure of confidential information or to avoid application vulnerabilities. Taint tracking systems intercept application operations at runtime, associate meta-data with the data being processed and inspect the meta-data to detect unauthorised data propagation. To keep metadata up-to-date, every attempt of the application to access and process data is intercepted. To ensure that all data propagation is monitored, different categories of data (e.g. confidential and public data) are kept isolated. In practice, the interception of application operations and the isolation of different categories of data are hard to achieve. Existing applications, language interpreters and operating systems need to be re-engineered while keeping metadata up-to-date incurs significant overhead at runtime. In this thesis we show that runtime taint tracking can be implemented with minimal changes to existing infrastructure and with reduced overhead compared to previous approaches. In other words, we suggest methods to achieve both practical and efficient runtime taint tracking. Our key observation is that applications in specific domains are typically implemented in high-level languages and use a subset of the available language features. This facilitates the implementation of a taint tracking system because it needs to support only parts of a programming language and it may leverage features of the execution platform. This thesis explores three different applications domains. We start with event processing applications in Java, for which we introduce a novel solution to achieve isolation and a practical method to declare restrictions about data propagation. We then focus on securing PHP web applications. We show that if taint tracking is restricted to a small part of an application, the runtime overhead is significantly reduced without sacrificing effectiveness. Finally, we target accidental data disclosure in Ruby web applications. Ruby emerges as an ideal choice for a practical taint tracking system because it supports meta-programming facilities that simplify interception and isolation.
Stability of the shape of a translating viscoelastic drop at low Reynolds number (2012)

We examine the stability of the shape of a viscoelastic drop translating in an immiscible, otherwise quiescent Newtonian fluid at low Reynolds number. Non-Newtonian stresses in the drop phase are characterized by the finitely extensible nonlinear elastic-Chilcott-Rallison model. A boundary integral method is used to numerically examine the time-evolution of initially perturbed drop shapes over a range of dimensionless parameters. For sufficiently small capillary numbers, the drop achieves an oblate spheroidal steady shape. For large initial deformations or capillary numbers, however, the drop deforms continuously and eventually breaks up through either the formation of an elongated tail or the development of a re-entrant cavity at its trailing end. These mechanisms of drop breakup are qualitatively similar to those reported earlier for Newtonian drops [C. J. Koh and L. G. Leal, Phys. Fluids A 1, 1309 (1989)10.1063/1.857359; C. Pozrikidis, J. Fluid Mech. 210, 1 (1990)10.1017/S0022112090001203; H. A. Stone, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 26, 65 (1994)10.1146/annurev.fl.26.010194.000433]. Compared to the case of a Newtonian drop, drop phase elasticity is found to have a stabilizing (destabilizing) effect for initially oblate (prolate) shape perturbations, due to the development of polymeric stresses caused by deformation of polymer chains in alignment with streamlines of the flow. Polymer viscosity has a strong influence on the stability of the shape of drops, whereas polymer relaxation time and extensibility have relatively weak influences.
The role of oxidative stress in the biological responses of lung epithelial cells to cigarette smoke (2009)

The mechanism(s) by which cigarette smoke contributes to lung diseases, such as cancer, remains unclear. Recent developments in our knowledge of cell signalling events suggest that cigarette smoke causes oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses in cells of the lung. Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of over 4000 compounds and high levels of oxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been detected in both mainstream and sidestream smoke. Oxidative stress that ensues, when the antioxidant defences are depleted, is accompanied by increases in ROS production in lung epithelial cells. Cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress produces DNA damage and activates survival signalling cascades resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation and transformation. Intervention studies using antioxidants have provided compelling evidence that oxidative stress plays a critical role in the aetiology of smoking-related disorders.
Aerodynamic properties of a two-dimensional inextensible flexible airfoil (1984)

Resultats d'etudes theoriques et experimentales des caracteristiques aerodynamiques d'un profil flexible, bidimensionnel et inextensible. Experiences incluant la mesure de la portance, de la trainee et des forces de tension de membrane agissant sur une membrane de mylar supportee par des barres elliptiques aux bords d'attaque et de sortie. Resultats experimentaux en accord avec les resultats theoriques obtenus a partir d'une formulation plus simple que celle existant dans la litterature
Quantitative assessment of synovitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using fluorescence optical imaging (2013)

FOI has a potential for visualizing synovitis in subjects with RA. For adequate FOI interpretation, quantitative analysis should be based on the novel FLRA calculated for phases 2 and 3.
Neurotrophic and Neuroprotective Actions of Estrogens and Their Therapeutic Implications (2001)

Originally known for its regulation of reproductive functions, estradiol, a lipophilic hormone that can easily cross plasma membranes as well as the blood-brain barrier, maintains brain systems subserving arousal, attention, mood, and cognition. In addition, both synthetic and natural estrogens exert neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. There is increasing evidence that estrogen actions are mediated by nongenomic as well as direct and indirect genomic pathways. Although in vitro models have provided the most extensive evidence for neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions to date, there are also in vivo studies that support these actions.