gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Mass Spectrometric Methods for Evaluation of Plasma Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1 and Renin Activity (2005)

This article demonstrates the applicability of quantitative proteomics to assays of proteolytic enzyme activity. A novel assay was developed for measurement of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in plasma. The method was validated in animal models associated with alterations of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) with a ProteinChip Array technology, plasma renin and ACE1 could be measured in <0.5 microL of plasma. Plasma is incubated with peptide substrates for renin and ACE, tetradecapeptide (TDP), and angiotensin I (Ang I), respectively. The reactions mixtures are spotted onto the ProteinChip WCX2 and detected using SELDI-TOF-MS. Peak height or area under curve for TDP, Ang I, and angiotensin II (Ang II) peaks are measured. There was a linear relationship between disappearance of substrate and appearance of products for both renin and ACE (R2=0.95 to 0.98). ACE1 activity was blocked with chelating agents (EDTA and 1,10 phenanthrolene), indicating action of a metalloprotease. The ACE1 inhibitor, captopril, selectively blocked ACE1. Renin activity was specifically blocked with renin inhibitor and was not affected by phenanthrolene or captopril. Animal models tested were Ang AT1a receptor-deficient and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice. Plasma renin activity was increased >2-fold in AT1a(-/-) as compared with AT1a(+/+). In STZ diabetic mice, ACE1 was increased 2-fold as compared with controls. The advantage of the method is that it is tagless, does not require additional purification steps, and is extremely sensitive. The approach can be multiplexed and used for identification of novel substrates/inhibitors of the RAS.
Method for quantifying image quality in push-broom hyperspectral cameras (2014)

We propose a method for measuring and quantifying image quality in push-broom hyperspectral cameras in terms of spatial misregistration—such as keystone and variations in the point-spread-function across spectral channels—and image sharpness. The method is suitable for both traditional push-broom hyperspectral cameras where keystone is corrected in hardware and cameras where keystone is corrected in post-processing, such as resampling and mixel cameras. We show how the measured camera performance can be presented graphically in an intuitive and easy-to-understand way, comprising both image sharpness and spatial misregistration in the same figure. For the misregistration we suggest that both the mean standard deviation and the maximum value for each pixel are shown. We also suggest a possible additional parameter for quantifying camera performance: probability of misregistration being larger than a given threshold. Finally, we have quantified the performance of a HySpex SWIR 384 camera prototype using the suggested method. The method appears well suited for assessing camera quality and for comparing the performance of different hyperspectral imagers, and could become the future standard for how to measure and quantify the image quality of push-broom hyperspectral cameras.
A New TV Receiver Employing A Beam-Index Color CRT (1981)

The considerably more complex electronic circuits which seem to be required by a beam-index color display system, as compared with a conventional shadow mask system, have for many years offered an irresistable challenge to circuit designers. The reward of a successful design is the several advantages inherent in the beam-index system which have been previously discussed.1-31-3
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of α‐Branched Enals. (2010)

Abstract Salts that consist of a cinchona alkaloid‐derived primary ammonium cation and a chiral phosphate anion catalyze the epoxidation of α‐branched (E)‐α,β‐disubstituted enals with superb enantioselectivity in favor of the trans‐diastereomers.
High efficiency filtered vacuum-arc plasma source (2004)

Cathodic vacuum arc plasma source with B magnetic filter, which turns the plasma stream 90°, is described. T-shaped plasma duct with a system of intercepting screens and fins provides a significally higher degree of absorption of macroparticles when compared to conventional "toroidal" filters (more than an order of magnitude). A small ratio of curvature radius of the plasma duct to its inner radius, a large diameter of the plasma guiding channel (200 mm), and an optimal geometry of transporting magnetic fields ensure a high throughput of the filter - up to 55%.
Research in Inorganic Fluorine Chemistry. (1987)

Abstract : A basic research program was carried out in the area of inorganic fluorine chemistry. Major achievements accomplished during this program include: The first purely chemical synthesis of elemental fluorine was realized. Solid propellant based pure fluorine gas generators were developed. The first examples of Nitrogen Tetra Fluoride Cation salts containing halogen fluoride counterions were prepared and characterized. Also Tetrafluoro Ammonium Hexafluoro Boron was synthesized and characterized. The bond length in NF4(+) was estimated from its General Valence Force Field and was verified by a crystal structure determination Tetrafluoro Ammonium Tetrafluoro Boron. Difluoramine and were prepared, characterized, and their alkali metal fluoride adducts were studied. These adducts were shown to contain F..HNF2 anions. The nature of the association in solid HNF2 was explored. The interaction of difluoramino compounds with Lewis acids was studied. The reaction chemistry of Chromium Penta Fluoride and Chromium Tetrafluoro Oxide was studied and several new compounds were prepared and characterized. The nitrate anion was found to be an excellent and readily available reagent for accomplishing fluorine-oxygen exchange in certain halogen fluorides.
Efficiency, Stability, and Reliability Implications of Unbalanced Current Sharing Among Distributed On-Chip Voltage Regulators (2017)

Power delivery networks with distributed on-chip voltage regulators (VRs) serve as an effective way for fast localized voltage regulation within modern microprocessors. Without careful consideration of the interactions among the distributed VRs and the power grid, unbalanced current sharing (CS) among those regulators may, however, lead to efficiency degradations, stability, and reliability issues, and even malfunctions of the regulators. This paper is a first attempt to investigate the efficiency, stability, and reliability implications of unbalanced CS among distributed on-chip VRs. Benefits of balanced CS are demonstrated with concrete examples, showing the necessity of an appropriate current balancing scheme. An adaptive reference voltage control method and the corresponding control algorithms specifically for distributed on-chip VRs are proposed to balance the CS among regulators at different locations. The proposed techniques successfully balance the CS among distributed VRs and can be applied to different regulator types. Simulation results based on practical microprocessor setups confirm the efficiency, stability, and reliability implications.
An adiabatic/diabatic polarization beam splitter (2016)

We demonstrate an on-chip polarization beam splitter (PBS), which is adiabatic for the transverse magnetic mode, and diabatic for the transverse electric mode. The PBS has a simple structure that is tolerant to manufacturing variations and exhibits high polarization extinction ratios over a wide bandwidth.
Functional Outcomes of Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor for Regeneration of Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforations in Mice (2017)

We aim to demonstrate that regeneration of chronic tympanic perforations with heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) delivered by an injectable hydrogel restored hearing to levels similar to that of nonperforated tympanic membranes. Chronic tympanic membrane perforation is currently managed as an outpatient surgery with tympanoplasty. Due to the costs of this procedure in the developed world and a lack of accessibility and resources in developing countries, there is a great need for a new treatment that does not require surgery. In this study, we show in a mouse model through measurement of auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emissions that tympanic perforations lead to hearing loss and this can be predominantly recovered with HB-EGF treatment (5 μg/mL). Our animal model suggests a return to function between 2 and 6 months after treatment. Auditory brainstem response thresholds had returned to the control levels at 2 months, but the distortion product otoacoustic emissions returned between 2 and 6 months. We also show how the vibration characteristics of the regenerated tympanic membrane, as measured by laser Doppler vibrometry, can be similar to that of an unperforated tympanic membrane. Using the best available methods for preclinical evaluation in animal models, it is likely that HB-EGF-like growth factor treatment leads to regeneration of chronic tympanic membrane perforations and restoration of the tympanic membrane to normal function, suggesting a potential route for nonsurgical treatment.
Enhanced fluorescence emission using a photonic crystal coupled to an optical cavity (2013)

All fluorescent assays would benefit from greater signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), which enable detection of disease biomarkers at lower concentrations for earlier disease diagnosis and detection of genes that are expressed at the lowest levels. Here, we report an approach to enhance fluorescence in which surface adsorbed fluorophore-tagged biomolecules are excited on a photonic crystal surface that is coupled to an underlying Fabry-Perot type cavity through a gold mirror reflector beneath the photonic crystal. This approach leads to 6× increase in signal-to-noise ratio of a dye labeled polypeptide compared to ordinary photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence.
Copeptin as a marker of shock and predictor of adverse outcome in critically ill patients (2008)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a peptide hormone that is released in response to osmotic and haemodynamic changes in order to maintain fluid volume and vascular tone. As a 'stress hormone', AVP is significantly increased in acute haemodynamic instability [1]. Copeptin is a stable fragment of pre-pro-vasopressin that is released in equimolar quantities as AVP, and thus reflects levels of released AVP. Unlike AVP, copeptin is highly stable ex vivo and is thus used for analysis. We aimed to study whether copeptin is elevated in any form of acute haemodynamic instability (that is, shock state) and whether copeptin is a predictor of outcome in critically ill patients.
Development of high quality Pt-CeO>inf<2>/inf<based anode materials for direct methanol fuel cell applications (2006)

Pt-pure Ceria (CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) supported by carbon black (CB) anode was synthesized for development of eco-electrode material for fuel cell application. The onset potential for methanol oxidation reaction on Pt-round shaped CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> shifted to a lower potential as compared with that on Pt-mixed shape (i.e. round shape + rod like shape) CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /CB. This onset potential on Pt-mixed shape CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /CB anode at 60°C was equal to that on commercially available Pt-Ru/CB anode, although the on-set potential on Pt-mixed shape CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /CB was lower than that on Pt-Ru/CB at room temperature. This suggests that the anode performance of Pt-CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /CB anode is improved at operation temperature (80°C) of fuel cell by enhancement of diffusion and formation of oxygen species from nano-sized CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> particles. It is expected that the nano-size Pt-pure CeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /CB anode in the present study will be one of promising eco-anode materials for development of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Gradient Nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry Metasurfaces (2015)

We apply the Pancharatnam-Berry phase approach to plasmonic metasurfaces loaded by highly nonlinear multiquantum-well substrates, establishing a platform to control the nonlinear wave front at will based on giant localized nonlinear effects. We apply this approach to design flat nonlinear metasurfaces for efficient second-harmonic radiation, including beam steering, focusing, and polarization manipulation. Our findings open a new direction for nonlinear optics, in which phase matching issues are relaxed, and an unprecedented level of local wave front control is achieved over thin devices with giant nonlinear responses.
Preparation of Novel Biocidal N-Halamine Polymers (1995)

The preparation and biocidal efficacies of eight new N-halamine polymers have been reported. The polymers are in the classes known as dichlorohydantoins, trichlorotriazinediones, and dichloropyrimidinones. They were synthesized from the commercial polymers polystyrene, poly(methyl vinyl ketone), and polymethacrylamide. All of the polymers were insoluble in water and leached only small amounts (less than 0.5 mg/L) of free chlorine into flowing water. It was demonstrated that the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in water flowing through filters made of these polymers was inactivated. These materials show considerable commercial potential as biocidal water filters, especially the dichloro-poly(styrene-hydantoin) because of its inexpensive synthetic route.
Wavelet‐Based Analysis of Heart‐Rate‐Dependent ECG Features (2004)

Characterization of the rate-dependent features of the ECG in a paced atrial rhythm by wavelet transform techniques has revealed some additional information not readily seen on single lead ECG analysis. This model provides a surrogate for changes that might be expected during rate changes in physiological sinus rhythm. It is envisaged that this method will offer advantages in detecting features of clinical significance that may not be readily seen by existing methods.
Band structure observation of 2D photonic crystal with various V-shaped air-hole arrangements (2009)

The band structure of three types of photonic crystals is studied. In these photonic crystals, the rotationally asymmetric V-shaped air holes are combined while changing their orientation. We find that the band structure is very sensitive to the method of combination. From this result, we can say that the periodical perturbation produced only by change of the air-hole orientation can change the band structure largely. This idea can be applied to many apprications such as lasers which have unique beam patterns.
Predicting hydrocarbon potential of an earth formation underlying a body of water by analysis of seeps (1985)

The present invention provides for on-site capture of carbonaceous gas at sea, for isotopic examination to enable prediction of hydrocarbon potential of an earth formation underlying a body of water.
Purine Functionalized Congeners as Molecular Probes for Adenosine Receptors (1991)

The effects of distal structural changes on biological activity may be studied, using a "functionalized congener" strategy, in which suitably placed chemically reactive chains lead to biologically active conjugates. Probes for photoaffinity labeling, chemical affinity labeling, spectroscopic characterization and affinity chromatography of adenosine receptors have been derived from purine amine congeners (XAC, ADAC for A<sub>1</sub>-receptors and APEC for A<sub>2</sub>-receptors). Also, drug conjugates, including prodrugs and lipids, have been designed as potential pharmacological agents.
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Mediates FcγRIIa/Toll-Like Receptor–4 Receptor Crosstalk in Human Neutrophils (2012)

Previous observations by our laboratory indicate that the presence of anti-IL-8 autoantibody:IL-8 immune complexes in lung fluids from patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) comprises an important prognostic indicator in the development and ultimate outcome of ALI/ARDS. We also showed that these complexes display proinflammatory activity toward neutrophils through the engagement of FcγRIIa receptors. Because sepsis is one of the most common risk factors for ALI/ARDS, the initial goal of our present study involved investigating the effects of LPS on the expression of FcγRIIa receptors in neutrophils. Our results indicate that LPS triggers an increase in the expression of FcγRIIa on the neutrophil surface, which leads to shortening of the molecular distance between FcγRIIa and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). When such neutrophils are stimulated with anti-IL-8:IL-8 complexes, the TLR4 cascade becomes activated via the engagement of FcγRIIa. The underlying molecular mechanism has been subsequently examined and involves Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). In conclusion, our study reveals the existence of Btk-dependent molecular cooperation between FcγRIIa and TLR4 signaling cascades in LPS-"primed" human neutrophils. Furthermore, we used fluorescence lifetime imaging to study the interactions between TLR4 and FcγRIIa in human alveolar neutrophils from patients with ALI/ARDS. The results from these experiments confirm the existence of the molecular cooperation between TLR4 and FcγRIIa.
Organization and characterization of genetic regions in Bacillus subtilis subsp. krictiensis ATCC55079 associated with the biosynthesis of iturin and surfactin compounds (2017)

Bacillus subtilis subsp. krictiensis ATCC55079 produces the cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics iturin A-F as well as several surfactins. Here, we analyzed and characterized the biosynthetic genes associated with iturin and surfactin production in this strain. We aligned the sequences of each iturin and surfactin synthetase ORF obtained from a genomic library screen and next generation sequencing. The resulting 37,249-bp and 37,645-bp sequences associated with iturin and surfactin production, respectively, contained several ORFs that are predicted to encode proteins involved in iturin and surfactin biosynthesis. These ORFs showed higher sequence homologies with the respective iturin and surfactin synthetase genes of B. methylotrophicus CAU B946 than with those of B. subtilis RB14 and B. subtilis ATCC6633. Moreover, comparative analysis of the secondary metabolites produced by the wild-type and surfactin-less mutant (with a spectinomycin resistance cassette inserted into the srfAB gene within the putative surfactin gene region) strains demonstrated that the mutant strain showed significantly higher antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum than the wild-type strain. In addition, the wild-type strain-specific surfactin high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) peaks were not observed in the surfactin-less mutant strain. In contrast, the iturin A peak detected by HPLC and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in the surfactin-less mutant strain was 30% greater than that in the wild-type strain. These results suggested that the gene cluster we identified is involved in surfactin biosynthesis, and the biosynthetic pathways for iturin and surfactin in Bacillus strains producing both iturin and surfactin may utilize a common pathway.
Interlaboratory Development and Validation of a HRM Method Applied to the Detection of JAK2 Exon 12 Mutations in Polycythemia Vera Patients (2010)

The assay we have developed is thus a valid method, adapted to routine detection of JAK2 exon 12 mutations with highly reproducible results.
Sparse Automotive MIMO Radar for Super-Resolution Single Snapshot DOA Estimation With Mutual Coupling (2021)

A novel sparse automotive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar configuration is proposed for low-complexity super-resolution single snapshot direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. The physical antenna effects are incorporated in the signal model via open-circuited embedded-element patterns (EEPs) and coupling matrices. The transmit (TX) and receive (RX) array are each divided into two uniform sparse sub-arrays with different inter-element spacings to generate two MIMO sets. Since the corresponding virtual arrays (VAs) of both MIMO sets are uniform, the well-known spatial smoothing (SS) algorithm is applied to suppress the temporal correlation among sources. Afterwards, the co-prime array principle between two spatially smoothed VAs is deployed to avoid DOA ambiguities. A performance comparison between the sparse and conventional MIMO radars with the same number of TX and RX channels confirms a spatial resolution enhancement. Meanwhile, the DOA estimation error due to the mutual coupling (MC) is less pronounced in the proposed sparse architecture since antennas in both TX and RX arrays are spaced larger than half wavelength apart.
Optical learning machine for pattern classification (1989)

While volume holograms offer a powerful means for providing interconnections for many information processing tasks, the adaptable interconnection capability necessary for implementing learning algorithms for neural networks finds an almost ideal realization in photorefractive crystals. The dynamic holograms in which gratings are built up in real time without the need for separate development cycles make them appealing for neural implementations. 1 - 3 To implement learning algorithms such as the Perceptron or the Adaline, a means for making additive as well as subtractive changes to gratings selectively is necessary and crucial to ensure convergent behavior. Recently 3 we described an architecture in which the Stokes principle of reversibility for light was used in a simple optical system to realize the subtractive as well as additive holographic modifications. Selective subtraction of grating amplitudes was performed using what is basically a double Mach-Zehnder interferometer. 4 A coherent laser beam is split into two paths by a beam splitter. One path serves as the reference beam while the other is expanded to pass through the spatial light modulator containing an image. The two beams intersect within a photorefractive crystal to write a holographic grating. By supplying another laser beam to the beam splitter and arranging its two resultant beams to traverse exactly the same paths as the first beam, a grating identical to that written already but out of phase by 180° can be written. Thus, simply by controlling which beam is used to expose the hologram one can either add to or subtract from the holograms present in the crystal.
Preparation of Fischer–Tropsch Supported Cobalt Catalysts Using a New Gas Anti-Solvent Process (2013)

Cobalt and ruthenium-promoted cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts supported on titania have been prepared for the first time by gas anti-solvent precipitation. The use of dense CO2 as an anti-solvent enables the precipitation of cobalt acetate and ruthenium acetylacetonate onto preformed titania. The gas anti-solvent process produces catalysts with the desired 20 wt % cobalt content as precursors, which on calcination give highly dispersed Co3O4. The addition of ruthenium to the gas anti-solvent prepared cobalt catalysts has been investigated by two methods (a) coprecipitation with cobalt acetate and (b) wet impregnation onto a precalcined cobalt titania catalyst, and these resulted in catalysts with distinctly different properties. These catalysts were compared with a standard ruthenium-promoted cobalt catalyst prepared by wet impregnation and were found to be substantially more active for the Fischer–Tropsch reaction.