gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing the next generation of medicines for malaria control and eradication (2013)

In the fight against malaria new medicines are an essential weapon. For the parts of the world where the current gold standard artemisinin combination therapies are active, significant improvements can still be made: for example combination medicines which allow for single dose regimens, cheaper, safer and more effective medicines, or improved stability under field conditions. For those parts of the world where the existing combinations show less than optimal activity, the priority is to have activity against emerging resistant strains, and other criteria take a secondary role. For new medicines to be optimal in malaria control they must also be able to reduce transmission and prevent relapse of dormant forms: additional constraints on a combination medicine. In the absence of a highly effective vaccine, new medicines are also needed to protect patient populations. In this paper, an outline definition of the ideal and minimally acceptable characteristics of the types of clinical candidate molecule which are needed (target candidate profiles) is suggested. In addition, the optimal and minimally acceptable characteristics of combination medicines are outlined (target product profiles). MMV presents now a suggested framework for combining the new candidates to produce the new medicines. Sustained investment over the next decade in discovery and development of new molecules is essential to enable the long-term delivery of the medicines needed to combat malaria.
Ultrasound measurement of brachial flow-mediated vasodilator response (2000)

Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation is increasingly used as a measure of endothelial function. High resolution ultrasound provides a noninvasive method to observe this flow-mediated vasodilation by monitoring the diameter of the artery over time following a transient flow stimulus. Since hundreds of ultrasound images are required to continuously monitor brachial diameter for the 2-3 min during which the vasodilator response occurs, an automated diameter estimation is desirable. However, vascular ultrasound images suffer from structural noise caused by the constructive and destructive interference of the backscattered signals, and the true boundaries of interest that define the diameter are frequently obscured by the multiple-layer structure of the vessel wall. These problems make automated diameter estimation strategies based on the detection of the vessel wall boundary difficult. We obtain a robust automated measurement of the vasodilator response by automatically locating the artery using a variable window method, which gives both the lumen center and width. The vessel wall boundary is detected by a global constraint deformable model, which is insensitive to the structural noise in the boundary area. The ambiguity between the desired boundary and other undesired boundaries is resolved by a spatiotemporal strategy. Our method provides excellent reproducibility both for interreader and intrareader analyzes of percent change in diameter, and has been successfully used in analyzing over 4000 brachial flow-mediated vasodilation scans from several medical centers in the United States.
Apoptosis signaling in influenza virus propagation, innate host defense, and lung injury (2012)

Programmed cell death is a crucial cellular response frequently observed in IV-infected tissue. This article reviews the current knowledge on the molecular virus-host interactions that induce apoptosis pathways in an IV-infected cell and the functional implications of these cellular signaling events on viral propagation at distinct steps during the viral replication cycle. Furthermore, it summarizes the role of IV-induced apoptosis pathways in equilibrating the host's antiviral immune response between effective viral clearance and development of severe apoptotic lung injury.
A Prioritized Adaptive Scheme for Multimedia Services over IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2013)

IEEE 802.11e protocol enables QoS differentiation between different traffic types, but requires MAC layer support and assigns traffic with static priority. This paper proposes an intelligent Prioritized Adaptive Scheme (iPAS) to provide QoS differentiation for heterogeneous multimedia delivery over wireless networks. iPAS assigns dynamic priorities to various streams and determines their bandwidth share by employing a probabilistic approach-which makes use of stereotypes. Unlike existing QoS differentiation solutions, the priority level of individual streams in iPAS is variable and considers service types and network delivery QoS parameters (i.e. delay, jitter, and packet loss rate). A bandwidth estimation technique is adopted to provide network conditions and the IEEE 802.21 framework is used to enable control information exchange between network components without modifying existing MAC protocol. Simulations and real life tests demonstrate how better results are obtained when employing iPAS than when either IEEE 802.11 DCF or 802.11e EDCA mechanisms are used. The iPAS key performance benefits are as follows: 1) better fairness in bandwidth allocation; 2) higher throughput than 802.11 DCF and 802.11e EDCA with up to 38% and 20%, respectively; 3) enables definite throughput and delay differentiation between streams.
Leveraging Human Driving Preferences to Predict Vehicle Speed (2021)

Accurate speed prediction is practically critical to eco-safe driving for intelligent vehicles. Existing research only makes vehicles adapt to the dynamic driving environment while rarely considering the influence of human driving preferences. This paper proposes a learning-based model to leverage human driving preferences into speed prediction. We first designed an Oriented Hidden Semi-Markov Model (Oriented-HSMM) to learn and predict the driver’s driving preference sequences while considering traffic flow influence. Then, we developed an optimal speed prediction algorithm to retrieve the smooth speed trajectories with maximal likelihood based on the estimated driving preferences. Finally, we evaluated the proposed model using the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data compared to its counterparts that do not consider driving preferences. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed Oriented-HSMM method reaches the best results and achieves a satisfying performance with a low mean absolute error (4.16 km/h) and root mean square error (5.08 km/h) at a 200 m prediction horizon.
The dependence of the glass transition temperature of poly(<i>N</i>‐vinylcarbazole) upon steric microstructure and molecular weight (1982)

Abstract Poly( N ‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) samples were found to exhibit up to three glass transition temperatures T g , corresponding to the whole chain and the syndiotactic and isotactic stereoblocks. An increasing tendency to multiple T g s, and hence to phase separation, was observed with increasing isotacticity. Limiting values at infinite molecular weight for syndiotactic and isotactic PVK were obtained from correlations of the T g s corresponding to the syndiotactic and isotactic stereoblocks with their respective average stereoblock lengths derived from 13 C NMR measurements. They were found to be 549 and 399 K, respectively. The conventional T g for PVK was found to exhibit the following dependence upon the syndiotactic dyad mole fraction X s : The molecular weight dependences of the conventional T g s for several fractionated PVK samples obeyed a Fox–Flory‐type relation with values of − dT g / d (1/ M ) varying between 7.6 × 10 3 for isotactic PVK and 2.7 × 10 5 for Luvican M 170.
C−H Activation and Functionalization of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons by Transition-Metal Boryl Complexes (1999)

Transition-metal boryl complexes of the form Cp‘Fe(CO)LBcat and (CO)5MBcat, where Cp‘ = C5H5, C5Me5, M = Mn, Re, L = CO, PMe3, and cat = 1,2-O2C6H4, were synthesized by reaction of ClBcat with [Cp‘Fe(CO)L]- or [M(CO)5]-. X-ray crystal structures of CpFe(CO)2Bcat, Cp*Fe(CO)2Bcat, and (CO)5MnBcat were obtained. Upon irradiation, these metal boryl complexes reacted with arenes and alkenes to form aryl- and vinylboronate ester products in moderate to high yields. Monosubstituted arenes with methyl, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, and dimethylamino substituents were used as substrates, and the resulting ratios of ortho- to meta- to para-substituted arene products were measured. No significant electronic effects were observed, indicating that the chemistry is not occurring through a typical electrophilic aromatic substitution pathway. Competition experiments between toluene and other substituted arenes were conducted. Reactivity differences were small, but anisole was found to have the fastest rate of reaction. Kinetic isotope effects were measured for the reaction of CpFe(CO)2Bcat, (CO)5MnBcat, or (CO)5ReBcat with benzene/benzene-d6 mixtures and were found to be 3.3 ± 0.4, 2.1 ± 0.1, and 5.4 ± 0.4, respectively. This difference in isotope effect along with differences in selectivities with substituted arsenic reagents rules out a mechanism by which a common free Bcat radical attacks free substrate. Several experiments were also conducted to probe for CO loss. A 13CO-labeling experiment, CO inhibition experiment, and PMe3 trapping experiment indicate that the mechanism most likely proceeds through irreversible CO loss to form a 16-electron intermediate. Functionalization of alkenes to form vinylboronate esters was also observed, and mechanistic studies showed the absence of a measurable kinetic isotope effect for reaction of CpFe(CO)2Bcat or (CO)5ReBcat with ethylene/ethylene-d4 mixtures or for reaction with ethylene-d2.
Clinical aspects of sodium butyrate application in dietary treatment of bowel diseases (2010)

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Banasiewicz T, Borycka-Kiciak K, Dobrowolska-Zachwieja A, et al. Clinical aspects of sodium butyrate application in dietary treatment of bowel diseases. Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny. 2010;5(6):329-334. doi:10.5114/pg.2010.18476. APA Banasiewicz, T., Borycka-Kiciak, K., Dobrowolska-Zachwieja, A., Friediger, J., Kiciak, A., & Krokowicz, P. et al. (2010). Clinical aspects of sodium butyrate application in dietary treatment of bowel diseases. Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny, 5(6), 329-334. https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2010.18476 Chicago Banasiewicz, Tomasz, Katarzyna Borycka-Kiciak, Agnieszka Dobrowolska-Zachwieja, Jerzy Friediger, Adam Kiciak, Piotr Krokowicz, and Ewa Małecka-Panas et al. 2010. "Clinical aspects of sodium butyrate application in dietary treatment of bowel diseases". Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny 5 (6): 329-334. doi:10.5114/pg.2010.18476. Harvard Banasiewicz, T., Borycka-Kiciak, K., Dobrowolska-Zachwieja, A., Friediger, J., Kiciak, A., Krokowicz, P., Małecka-Panas, E., Pietrzak, P., Rydzewska, G., Tarnowski, W., and Zabielski, R. (2010). Clinical aspects of sodium butyrate application in dietary treatment of bowel diseases. Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny, 5(6), pp.329-334. https://doi.org/10.5114/pg.2010.18476 MLA Banasiewicz, Tomasz et al. "Clinical aspects of sodium butyrate application in dietary treatment of bowel diseases." Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny, vol. 5, no. 6, 2010, pp. 329-334. doi:10.5114/pg.2010.18476. Vancouver Banasiewicz T, Borycka-Kiciak K, Dobrowolska-Zachwieja A, Friediger J, Kiciak A, Krokowicz P et al. Clinical aspects of sodium butyrate application in dietary treatment of bowel diseases. Gastroenterology Review/Przegląd Gastroenterologiczny. 2010;5(6):329-334. doi:10.5114/pg.2010.18476.
Robust adaptive control of a flexible transmission system using multiple models (2000)

An application of the multiple models adaptive control based on switching and tuning to a flexible transmission system is presented. This approach has been considered in order to assure high control performance in the presence of large load variation on the system. The advantages of the multiple models adaptive control system with respect to the classical adaptive control is illustrated via experimental results. It is also shown that the robustness of the adaptive control system can be improved with the appropriate shaping of a sensitivity function. The use of a parameter estimation algorithm based on the minimization of the closed-loop output error in the multiple models scheme also improves the performance of the system in the tuning phase and makes the adaptation algorithm insensitive to unmodeled output disturbances.
Temperature-Induced Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Transition Observed by Water Adsorption (2008)

The properties of nanoconfined and interfacial water in the proximity of hydrophobic surfaces play a pivotal role in a variety of important phenomena such as protein folding. Water inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can provide an ideal system for investigating such nanoconfined interfacial water on hydrophobic surfaces, provided that the nanotubes can be opened without introducing excess defects. Here, we report a hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition upon cooling from 22 degrees C to 8 degrees C via the observation of water adsorption isotherms in SWNTs measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. A considerable slowdown in molecular reorientation of such adsorbed water was also detected. The observed transition demonstrates that the structure of interfacial water could depend sensitively on temperature, which could lead to intriguing temperature dependences involving interfacial water on hydrophobic surfaces.
Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) over XMPP (2004)

This document specifies a method for sending Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) data over XMPP.
SARS, COVID-19 and Changing in Nursing Practice (2021)

SARS was a serious outbreak worldwide, resulting in studies in infection protocol and delivery of nursing care. This study compared conventional nursing practice with a modular design of nursing delivery by measuring the nature and frequency of nursing activities, efficiency, infection control practice, namely hand hygiene, as well as satisfaction levels among nurses and patients [1]. A descriptive and quasi-experimental study with modular nursing as the intervention, it consisted of a pre-intervention (T0) and two post-intervention phases (T1 and T2) in one medical and two surgical wards [1].
Streaming Graph Neural Networks (2018)

Graphs are essential representations of many real-world data such as social networks. Recent years have witnessed the increasing efforts made to extend the neural network models to graph-structured data. These methods, which are usually known as the graph neural networks, have been applied to advance many graphs related tasks such as reasoning dynamics of the physical system, graph classification, and node classification. Most of the existing graph neural network models have been designed for static graphs, while many real-world graphs are inherently dynamic. For example, social networks are naturally evolving as new users joining and new relations being created. Current graph neural network models cannot utilize the dynamic information in dynamic graphs. However, the dynamic information has been proven to enhance the performance of many graph analytic tasks such as community detection and link prediction. Hence, it is necessary to design dedicated graph neural networks for dynamic graphs. In this paper, we propose DGNN, a new {\bf D}ynamic {\bf G}raph {\bf N}eural {\bf N}etwork model, which can model the dynamic information as the graph evolving. In particular, the proposed framework can keep updating node information by capturing the sequential information of edges (interactions), the time intervals between edges and information propagation coherently. Experimental results on various dynamic graphs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Discovery of Substituted 4-(Pyrazol-4-yl)-phenylbenzodioxane-2-carboxamides as Potent and Highly Selective Rho Kinase (ROCK-II) Inhibitors (2008)

The identification of a new class of potent and selective ROCK-II inhibitors is presented. Compound 5 (SR-3677) had an IC 50 of approximately 3 nM in enzyme and cell based assays and had an off-target hit rate of 1.4% against 353 kinases, and inhibited only 3 out of 70 nonkinase enzymes and receptors. Pharmacology studies showed that 5 was efficacious in both, increasing ex vivo aqueous humor outflow in porcine eyes and inhibiting myosin light chain phosphorylation.
From structural to functional glycomics: core substitutions as molecular switches for shape and lectin affinity of <i>N-</i>glycans (2009)

Glycan epitopes of cellular glycoconjugates act as versatile biochemical signals (sugar coding). Here, we test the hypothesis that the common N-glycan modifications by core fucosylation and introduction of the bisecting N-acetylglucosamine moiety have long-range effects with functional consequences. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate a shift in conformational equilibria between linear extension or backfolding of the glycan antennae upon substitution. We also present a new fingerprint-like mode of presentation for this multi-parameter system. In order to delineate definite structure-function relationships, we strategically combined chemoenzymatic synthesis with bioassaying cell binding and the distribution of radioiodinated neoglycoproteins in vivo. Of clinical relevance, tailoring the core region affects serum clearance markedly, e.g., prolonging circulation time for the neoglycoprotein presenting the N-glycan with both substitutions. alpha2,3-Sialylation is another means toward this end, similarly seen for type II branching in triantennary N-glycans. This discovery signifies that rational glycoengineering along the given lines is an attractive perspective to optimize pharmacokinetic behavior of glycosylated pharmaproteins. Of general importance for the concept of the sugar code, the presented results teach the fundamental lesson that N-glycan core substitutions convey distinct characteristics to the concerned oligosaccharide relevant for cis and trans biorecognition processes. These modifications are thus molecular switches.
Bayesian Averaging of Classifiers and the Overfitting Problem (2000)

Although Bayesian model averaging is theoretically the optimal method for combining learned models, it has seen very little use in machine learning. In this paper we study its application to combining rule sets, and compare it with bagging and partitioning, two popular but more ad hoc alternatives. Our experiments show that, surprisingly, Bayesian model averaging&apos;s error rates are consistently higher than the other methods&apos;. Further investigation shows this to be due to a marked tendency to overfit on the part of Bayesian model averaging, contradicting previous beliefs that it solves (or avoids) the overfitting problem.
SIN-1, a Nitric Oxide Donor, Ameliorates Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Lewis Rats in the Incipient Phase: The Importance of the Time Window (2001)

NO is involved in the regulation of immune responses. The role of NO in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is controversial. In this study, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), an NO donor, was administered to Lewis rats on days 5-7 postimmunization, i.e., during the incipient phase of EAE. SIN-1 reduced clinical signs of EAE compared with those in PBS-treated control rats and was accompanied by reduced ED1(+) macrophages and CD4(+) T cell infiltration within the CNS. Blood mononuclear cells (MNC) obtained on day 14 postimmunization revealed that SIN-1 administration enhanced NO and IFN-gamma production by blood MNC and suppressed Ag- and mitogen-induced proliferative responses. MHC class II, B7-1 and B7-2 were down-regulated in SIN-1-treated EAE rats. Simultaneously, frequencies of apoptotic cells among blood MNC were increased. In vivo, SIN-1 is likely to behave as an NO donor. Administration of SIN-1 induced NO production, but did not affect superoxide and peroxynitrite formation. Enhanced NO production during the priming phase of EAE thus promotes apoptosis, down-regulates disease-promoting immune reactivities, and ameliorates clinical EAE, mainly through SIN-1-derived NO, without depending on NO synthase.
Density-Based Penalty Parameter Optimization on C-SVM (2014)

The support vector machine (SVM) is one of the most widely used approaches for data classification and regression. SVM achieves the largest distance between the positive and negative support vectors, which neglects the remote instances away from the SVM interface. In order to avoid a position change of the SVM interface as the result of an error system outlier, C-SVM was implemented to decrease the influences of the system's outliers. Traditional C-SVM holds a uniform parameter C for both positive and negative instances; however, according to the different number proportions and the data distribution, positive and negative instances should be set with different weights for the penalty parameter of the error terms. Therefore, in this paper, we propose density-based penalty parameter optimization of C-SVM. The experiential results indicated that our proposed algorithm has outstanding performance with respect to both precision and recall.
Analytic inversion formula for confocal scanning microscopy (1987)

We find a simple analytic expression for the inverse of an operator related to the problem of data reduction in confocal scanning microscopy. Potential applications of this result to the practical scanning-microscope problem are outlined.
A high performance face recognition system based on a huge face database (2005)

This paper presents a high performance face recognition system, in which the face database has a large amount of 2.5 million faces. Huge as the face database is, the recognition processes in ordinary ways meets with great difficulties: the identification rate of most algorithms may decline significantly; meanwhile, querying on a large-scale database may be quite time-consuming. In our system, a special distributed parallel architecture is proposed to speed up the computation. Furthermore, a multimodal part face recognition method based on principal component analysis (MMP-PCA) is adopted to perform the recognition task, and the MMX technology is introduced to accelerate the matching procedure. Practical results prove that this system has an excellent performance in recognition: when searching among 2,560,000 faces on 6 PC servers with Xeon 2.4 GHz CPU, the querying time is only 1.094 s and the identification rate is above 85% in most cases. Moreover, the greatest advantage of this system is not only increasing recognition speed but also breaking the upper limit of face data capacity. Consequently, the face data capability of this system can be extended to an arbitrarily large amount.
Spray and Stretch for Myofascial Pain (1978)

Journal Article Spray and Stretch for Myofascial Pain Get access A. Jerome Nielsen, MA A. Jerome Nielsen, MA 1Mr. Nielsen is Associate Professor, Physical Therapy Department, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 58, Issue 5, May 1978, Pages 567–569, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/58.5.567 Published: 01 May 1978
Detection of volatile organic compound gas using localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles (2011)

This paper reports on the detection of several organic vapors using the unique characteristic of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles on quartz substrate were prepared using seed mediated growth method. In a typical process, gold nanoparticles with average size ca. 36 nm were obtained to densely grown on the substrate. Detection of gas was based on the change in the LSPR of the gold nanoparticles film upon the exposure to the gas sample. It was found that gold nanoparticles were sensitive to the presence of volatile organic compound (VOC) gas from the change in the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) intensity. The mechanism for the detection of VOC’s gas will be discussed