gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccine Elicits a Strong Rift Valley Fever Virus Neutralizing Antibody Response in Sheep (2014)

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the Bunyaviridae family, is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes serious morbidity and mortality in livestock and humans. The recent spread of the virus beyond its traditional endemic boundaries in Africa to the Arabian Peninsula coupled with the presence of susceptible vectors in nonendemic countries has created increased interest in RVF vaccines. Subunit vaccines composed of specific virus proteins expressed in eukaryotic or prokaryotic expression systems are shown to elicit neutralizing antibodies in susceptible hosts. RVFV structural proteins, amino-terminus glycoprotein (Gn), and carboxyl-terminus glycoprotein (Gc), were expressed using a recombinant baculovirus expression system. The recombinant proteins were reconstituted as a GnGc subunit vaccine formulation and evaluated for immunogenicity in a target species, sheep. Six sheep were each immunized with a primary dose of 50 μg of each vaccine immunogen with the adjuvant montanide ISA25; at day 21, postvaccination, each animal received a second dose of the same vaccine. The vaccine induced a strong antibody response in all animals as determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT 80 ) showed the primary dose of the vaccine was sufficient to elicit potentially protective virus neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 40 to 160, and the second vaccine dose boosted the titer to more than 1280. Furthermore, all animals tested positive for neutralizing antibodies at day 328 postvaccination. ELISA analysis using the recombinant nucleocapsid protein as a negative marker antigen indicated that the vaccine candidate is DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) compatible and represents a promising vaccine platform for RVFV infection in susceptible species.
Vaccine Against Human Hepatitis B (1976)

A highly purified and inactivated vaccine was made of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. The vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in chimpanzees and marmosets. It was highly potent and induced antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees after three doses of vaccine were given subcutaneously. Chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine were protected against challenge with 1,000 chimpanzee-infectious doses of live human hepatitis B virus given intravenously in controlled studies. Tests of the vaccine for control of hepatitis B in man are to be carried out.
Identification of the promoter region of the Escherichia coli major cold shock gene, cspA (1992)

The major cold shock protein of Escherichia coli, CS7.4, is produced at a level of 13% of total protein synthesis upon a temperature shift from 37 to 10 degrees C. The transcription of its gene (cspA) was found to be tightly regulated and induced only at low temperature. In addition, the cspA mRNA was extremely unstable at 37 degrees C, so that CS7.4 production was hardly detected when the culture temperature was shifted from 15 degrees C to 37 degrees C. The transcription initiation site (+1) was identified. In vivo footprinting demonstrated that the region from bases -35 to -73 was protected from chemical modification, and gel mobility shift analysis showed that a cold-shocked cell extract contained a factor(s) specifically bound to the fragment containing the sequence between bases -63 and -92. This factor was synthesized de novo only at low temperature, and its synthesis was inhibited by chloramphenicol. Possible functions of this factor are discussed.
Gram‐positive bacteria produce membrane vesicles: Proteomics‐based characterization of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ‐derived membrane vesicles (2009)

Although archaea, Gram-negative bacteria, and mammalian cells constitutively secrete membrane vesicles (MVs) as a mechanism for cell-free intercellular communication, this cellular process has been overlooked in Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we found for the first time that Gram-positive bacteria naturally produce MVs into the extracellular milieu. Further characterizations showed that the density and size of Staphylococcus aureus-derived MVs are both similar to those of Gram-negative bacteria. With a proteomics approach, we identified with high confidence a total of 90 protein components of S. aureus-derived MVs. In the group of identified proteins, the highly enriched extracellular proteins suggested that a specific sorting mechanism for vesicular proteins exists. We also identified proteins that facilitate the transfer of proteins to other bacteria, as well to eliminate competing organisms, antibiotic resistance, pathological functions in systemic infections, and MV biogenesis. Taken together, these observations suggest that the secretion of MVs is an evolutionally conserved, universal process that occurs from simple organisms to complex multicellular organisms. This information will help us not only to elucidate the biogenesis and functions of MVs, but also to develop therapeutic tools for vaccines, diagnosis, and antibiotics effective against pathogenic strains of Gram-positive bacteria.
Identification of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte C5a receptor. (1985)

The peptide C5a is thought to play an important role in the inflammatory response primarily through its action on the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN). The receptor for C5a on human PMN has now been identified by affinity labeling. Cross-linking 125I-C5a to intact PMN with disuccinimidyl suberate produced a species that had a molecular mass on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels of 5.2 X 10(4) daltons. We believe this species represents a complex between C5a and its receptor for the following reasons. The band is eliminated if the cross-linking experiment is performed in the presence of a large excess of unlabeled C5a, but is unaffected by the presence of nonspecific protein or the chemotactic factors N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and leukotriene B4. The 5.2 X 10(4)-dalton species is not observed if the cross-linker is omitted. Finally, the dose-response curves for the inhibition of binding of 125I-C5a by unlabeled C5a and the inhibition of cross-linking are similar. Subtraction of the molecular mass of C5a from that of the complex gives a molecular mass for the binding moiety of the C5a receptor of 4.0 X 10(4) daltons.
Estimation and display for Vector Doppler Imaging using planewave transmissions (2011)

Vector Doppler Imaging (VDI) reveals the blood flow velocity vector at each pixel. We present a multiple-angle planewave transmission (PWT) scheme that enables vector velocity imaging at a high frame-rate. The method employs a fast, aliasing-resistant velocity vector estimator and captures transitory flow dynamics, as demonstrated on a carotid artery with a 5 MHz linear array using a novel synthetic particle flow visualization method. Conventional color Doppler processing applied to several PWT angles produces a set of Doppler images. These are combined into a small weighted least squares (WLS) problem for each pixel, conditioned for bias due to aliasing. Weights account for signal quality at each PWT angle. The WLS covariance provides metrics to qualify pixels. To visualize the resulting velocity vector image, we use a novel technique which synthesizes a moving field of points representing particles entrained in the fluid. Each particle is generated by Bernoulli trial at detected flow pixels, and given motion by the velocity vector estimate. The motion is scaled down so the viewer may easily perceive flow in “real-time slow-motion”. Particles migrate across the image from frame to frame, under conservation rules mimicking fluid flow. The user controls displayed density of particles that overlay the detected flow regions, which are color-coded for velocity magnitude. Using a Verasonics VDAS acquisition system and a Philips L7-4 transducer, we demonstrate in vivo VDI on neck vasculature. PWT ensembles collected at seven angles are processed with the VDI algorithm giving an imaging rate of 30 fps. Video display reveals dynamics of the flow field and shows good detection of flow during diastole.
RPC-Based Coregistration of VHR Imagery for Urban Change Detection (2016)

Abstract In urban change detection, coregistration between bi-temporal Very High Resolution ( vhr ) images taken from different viewing angles, especially from high off-nadir angles, is very challenging. The relief displacements of elevated objects in such images usually lead to significant misregistration that negatively affects the accuracy of change detection. This paper presents a novel solution, called Patch-Wise CoRegistration ( pwcr ), that can overcome the misregistration problem caused by viewing angle difference and accordingly improve the accuracy of urban change detection. The pwcr method utilizes a Digital Surface Model ( dsm ) and the Rational Polynomial Coefficients ( rpc s) of the images to find corresponding points in a bi-temporal image set. The corresponding points are then used to generate corresponding patches in the image set. To prove that the pwcr method can overcome the misregistration problem and help achieving accurate change detection, two change detection criteria are tested and incorporated into a change detection framework. Experiments on four bi-temporal image sets acquired by Ikonos, GeoEye-1, and Worldview-2 satellites from different viewing angles show that the pwcr method can achieve highly accurate image patch coregistration (up to 80 percent higher than traditional coregistration for elevated objects), so that the change detection framework can produce accurate urban change detection results (over 90 percent).
Oxygen‐Sensor‐Based Simple Assay of Histamine in Fish Using Purified Amine Oxidase (1994)

ABSTRACT Oxygen consumption was measured by an oxygen sensor after addition of purified fungal amine oxidase to fish extracts. The oxidation of histamine to imidazoleacetaldehyde proceeded stoichiometrically. Based on the equimolar relationship between histamine and oxygen consumption, histamine was determined selectively by the oxygen sensor. Neither sample pretreatment removing interfering materials nor daily calibration by histamine standard was required. Histamine contents in scombroid fish were determined rapidly with good accuracy. AOAC and oxygen sensor methods showed a very high correlation (r=0.999, n=6).
Novel MSE adaptive control of optical PMD compensators (2002)

We describe a new effective technique for the adaptive adjustment of the control parameters of any structure of polarization-mode dispersion compensator, such as, e.g., those based on a cascade of polarization controllers and polarization-maintaining fibers. This technique is based on the mean square error between the photodetected signal and the decided symbol and allows us to obtain fast convergence and a lower outage probability with a very limited complexity.
Low voltage base current cancellation circuit (2019)

A low voltage base current cancellation circuit is proposed. It is useful in minimising the non-linearity due to base current in Complementary to Absolute Temperature current references and temperature independent current references and in improving the accuracy of bipolar transistor current mirrors. In today’s deep submicron CMOS technologies, parasitic bipolar transistors have a low current gain factor (β) and their base current cannot be neglected which adversely impacts the accuracy of the generated reference currents. By substantially eliminating the base current component, the accuracy of the generated reference current is improved significantly. The proposed base current cancellation circuit has been designed in 16nm FinFet technology for a wide temperature range of −40°C to 150°C and a supply voltage range of 1.8V ± 10%. The simulation results show that the proposed base current cancellation circuit significantly reduces the non-linearity in the Complementary to Absolute Temperature reference current.
An evaluation of objective quality measures for speech intelligibility prediction (2009)

In this research various objective quality measures are evaluated in order to predict the intelligibility for a wide range of non-linearly processed speech signals and speech degraded by additive noise. The obtained results are compared with the prediction results of a more advanced perceptual-based model proposed by Dau et al. and an objective intelligibility measure, namely the coherence speech intelligibility index (cSII). These tests are performed in order to gain more knowledge between the link of speech-quality and speech-intelligibility and may help us to exploit the extensive research done into the field of speech-quality for speech-intelligibility. It is shown that cSII does not necessarily show better performance compared to conventional objective (speech)-quality measures. In general, the DAU-model is the only method with reasonable results for all processing conditions. Index Terms: Speech intelligibility prediction, speech quality, objective Measure.
Beyond first arrivals: improved microseismic event localization using both direct-path and head-wave arrivals (2012)

Many important unconventional shale assets are hosted within regions where geological formations near the target layer create multiple paths through which the energy from a single microseismic event can reach an array of geophones positioned near target depth. These indirect arrivals, which include reflections and head waves, have traditionally been viewed as a nuisance in microseismic analysis, potentially causing additional false-positive event detections and erroneous localizations into the layers which generate them. In particular, the effects and potential use of head waves in microseismic analysis have been studied recently (Fuller et al., 2010; Zimmer, 2010, 2011a,b); however, these studies have focused on pre-survey design to avoid observing head waves and have discussed the use of direct-path and head-wave arrivals in combination for event localization only in limited cases. In this work, we demonstrate how head waves can be used to greatly improve microseismic event localization accuracy, particularly in the depth dimension, by analyzing them in addition to direct-path arrivals whenever they are observed. We then demonstrate an application of this multiple-arrival localization method to a data set collected from the Montney formation in Alberta, where previous conventional microseismic analysis produced event localizations spanning 400 meters in depth, extending deep into the high-velocity Belloy formation below, and where localizations incorporating both direct-path and head-wave information produced events within the Montney, in regions of expected fracture formation as indicated by surveyed seismic incoherence.
Polony Sequencing: History, Technology, and Applications (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History of Polony Sequencing Polony Sequencing Applications Conclusions References
A Vibration Analysis of Torsional Quartz Crystal Resonators Taking Account of Lateral Motion (1995)

This paper describes a torsional quartz crystal resonator taking account of lateral motion. The objective of this paper is to clarify a term of lateral motion, resonant frequency and frequency temperature coefficient of a torsional quartz crystal resonator which is caused by lateral motion. An equation of motion including lateral motion is, first, shown and from the equation of motion resonant frequency is given as a function of a term of lateral motion. The term of lateral motion is, next, calculated, so that the resonant frequency is found to be very dependent upon a thickness-to-width ratio R z x and a thickness-to-length ratio R z y . Finally, the first order temperature coefficient α varies with 1.3×10 -7 /° C in the experiments and 1.7×10 -7 /° C in the calculation according to a variation of R z y =0.033 to 0.165, when R z x =0.825.
A new method for measurement of group velocity dispersion of optical fibers by using a frequency-shifted feedback fiber laser (2001)

A new method for the measurement of the group velocity dispersion (GVD) in optical fibers, based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), is proposed and demonstrated. Frequency chirped light is used as a light source, which allows the dispersion to be determined from changes in the frequency chirp rate. Accurate measurement of the average dispersion, at a single terminal, in fibers up to several tens of kilometers, is accomplished using a frequency-shifted feedback fiber laser as a light source.
Dual photonic-delay line cross correlation method for phase noise measurement (2005)

We describe the application of a cross-correlation method with dual photonic delay-line for homodyne phase noise measurement of low-noise microwave oscillators. This method combines a delay-line discriminator and cross correlation with the use of a low-loss kilometer-long photonic delay. By using a 4.5 km optical fiber as a photonic delay, we demonstrated a measurement noise floor of -158 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset without a reference oscillator.
High-aspect ratio through silicon via (TSV) technology (2012)

The density of through-silicon-via (TSV) on CMOS chip is limited by TSV dimension and keep-out zone (KOZ). A high aspect ratio Cu TSV process, 2 μm × 30 μm, is demonstrated on 28nm CMOS baseline with good electrical performance and low cost. By implementing 2 μm × 30 μm TSV, the Si stress in the vicinity of TSV caused by thermal expansion is able to be relieved. It is, therefore, shown that the relaxation of TSV stress is correlated with minimized keep-out zone (KOZ). The achievement of excellent performance of 3D-IC yield and high aspect ratio TSV embedded device characteristics are key milestones in the promising manufacturability of 3D-IC by silicon foundry technology.
Two-scale topology optimization with microstructures (2017)

In this paper we present a novel two-scale framework to optimize the structure and the material distribution of an object given its functional specifications. Our approach utilizes multi-material microstructures as low-level building blocks of the object. We start by precomputing the material property gamut -- the set of bulk material properties that can be achieved with all material microstructures of a given size. We represent the boundary of this material property gamut using a level set field. Next, we propose an efficient and general topology optimization algorithm that simultaneously computes an optimal object topology and spatially-varying material properties constrained by the precomputed gamut. Finally, we map the optimal spatially-varying material properties onto the microstructures with the corresponding properties in order to generate a high-resolution printable structure. We demonstrate the efficacy of our framework by designing, optimizing, and fabricating objects in different material property spaces on the level of a trillion voxels, i.e several orders of magnitude higher than what can be achieved with current systems.
Polarization dependent loss in optical fibers - does it help or ruin photon entanglement distribution? (2018)

We experimentally investigate propagation of polarization-entangled photon pairs through two fibers with PDL. We compensate the effect of PDL in one fiber by properly aligning the second fiber's aggregate PDL. A theory supports our observations.
Localization of cracks using vibromodulation detection technique (1998)

The vibroacoustic modulation technique has been recently introduced as a new tool for nondestructive inspection and evaluation of fatigued, defective, or fractured materials. This technique employs the nonlinear interaction of ultrasound and vibration in the presence of defects. Vibration changes the contact area within a defect effectively modulating an ultrasonic signal passing through this varying contact interface. This paper presents further development of the modulation technique enabling it to determine the location of a defect. The authors have developed and tested various algorithms to find crack location. There are time domain and frequency domain based algorithms. One of the time domain approaches utilizes the correlation between the location of the crack and the arrival time of the modulated portion of the probe ultrasonic signal. This time is determined by the relative distance between locations of the crack and the impact. Another time domain-based approach uses modulation as a ‘‘mark’’ to distinguish the high-frequency tone-burst probe signal reflected from the crack and from all other structural and material inhomogeneities. The frequency domain algorithm analyzes spectral shape which depends on relative position of an impact and a crack. All of these algorithms have been experimentally tested and verified. [Work supported by Gas Research Institute.]
MCM structures with poled dielectrics to improve testability (2002)

To improve multichip module (MCM) testability, we have used a new, recently-demonstrated technique to detect on-substrate electric field strength. This technique employs a noninvasive, laser-based instrument to probe MCM structures fabricated with poled polyimide interlayer dielectrics and thin film metallizations on silicon carriers. Circuit elements characteristic of MCMs were probed to detect electric field strength. The electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of these electro-optic dielectric layers were determined to investigate the effect of the poling and processing operations on the efficacy of the polyimide as both a dielectric layer and an electro-optic material suitable for laser probing.
MPLS Upstream Label Assignment for RSVP-TE (2010)

This document describes procedures for distributing upstream-assigned
labels for Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-
TE). It also describes how these procedures can be used for avoiding
branch LSR traffic replication on a LAN for RSVP-TE point-to-
multipoint (P2MP)LSPs.
Streaming XPath processing with forward and backward axes (2004)

We present a streaming algorithm for evaluating XPath expressions that use backward axes (parent and ancestor) and forward axes in a single document-order traversal of an XML document. Other streaming XPath processors handle only forward axes. We show through experiments that our algorithm significantly outperforms (by more than a factor of two) a traditional nonstreaming XPath engine. Furthermore, our algorithm scales better because it retains only the relevant portions of the input document in memory. Our engine successfully processes documents over 1GB in size, whereas the traditional XPath engine degrades considerably in performance for documents over 100 MB in size and fails to complete for documents of size over 200 MB.
Investigation of Principles of Context-Sensitive Reminding (2010)

We describe research on principles of context-sensitive reminding that show promise for serving in systems that work to jog peoples’ memories about information that they may forget. The methods center on the construction and use of a set of distinct probabilistic models that predict (1) items that may be forgotten, (2) the expected relevance of the items, and (3) the cost of interruption associated with alerting about a reminder. We describe the use of this set of models in the Jogger reminder prototype that employs predictions and decision-theoretic optimization to compute the value of reminders about meetings.