gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructure Control of Titanium Aluminide Powder Compacts by Thermochemical Processing. (1991)

Powdermetallurgy of ordered alloys is not only a methodto obtain net-shape products but is also an effective approach to microstructura] refinement for improvementof some properties such as tensile ductility and fatigue strength, In the present study, prealloyed plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) powder was L]sed to produce compacts with an ultrafine grain structure by employing conventional and hydrogen thermochemical processing routes. These processes are capable of producing a wide range of alpha-2 (c(.) structures, including an ultrafine microstructure with a grain size on the order of a micron. This paper will discuss some of the mechanismsleading to microstructure refinement with an emphasis on the role of hydride formation.
Natural Palm Olein Polyol as a Replacement for Polyether Polyols in Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foam (2016)

Abstract The impact of replacing three polyether polyols with different levels of a single palm olein‐based natural oil polyol (NOP) was systematically correlated with the changes in foaming reactivity, cell structure, physico‐mechanical properties, and morphology of viscoelastic (VE) foams. The data show that replacing the polyether polyols with the NOP slightly increased the rate of the foaming reactivity. Increasing the NOP content resulted in increased cell size and cells remained fully open. Increased NOP content contributed to higher load bearing properties of VE foam, which can be attributed to higher functionality of NOP compared to polyether polyols. Addition of the NOP slightly increased the resilience of the foams, however, the hysteresis which is the measure of energy absorption remained mostly unaffected. Age properties, characterized by dry and humid compression sets, were mostly unaffected by the replacement of the polyether polyol with the NOP. The addition of NOP did not impact the morphology of the VE foam polymer matrix, which appears to retain a low degree of hard and soft segment domain separation. Overall, the results demonstrate a feasibility that the NOP can be used to partially replace the polyether polyols in VE polyurethane foams without significant impact on the functional performance.
Experimental validation of active snubber circuit for direct AC/AC converters (2012)

Although direct ac/ac converters such as the Matrix converter have been in existence for a long time, scaling of these converters to higher voltage levels has not been addressed widely in the literature. Tremendous challenges in terms of device voltage sharing, safe commutation, and fault protection inhibit the application of these converters to high voltage applications such as dynamic grid control. The novel active snubber concept remedies this problem by placing a half-wave rectified envelope around every device, absorbing excess energy and ensuring proper voltage sharing. This paper examines a high frequency active snubber design for direct ac/ac converters. The performance of the snubber is analyzed at 13 kV / 1 MVA via simulations, and a proof-of-concept is implemented in a 10 kVA lab prototype.
Review of contemporary energy harvesting techniques and their feasibility in wireless geophones (2022)

Energy harvesting converts ambient energy to electrical energy providing numerous opportunities to realize wireless sensors. Seismic exploration is a prime avenue to benefit from it as energy harvesting equipped geophones would relieve the burden of cables which account for the biggest chunk of exploration cost and equipment weight. Since numerous energies are abundantly available in seismic fields, these can be harvested to power up geophones. However, due to the random and intermittent nature of the harvested energy, it is important that geophones must be equipped to tap from several energy sources for a stable operation. It may involve some initial installation cost but in the long run, it is cost-effective and beneficial as the sources for energy harvesting are available naturally. Extensive research has been carried out in recent years to harvest energies from various sources. However, there has not been a thorough investigation of utilizing these developments in the seismic context. In this survey, a comprehensive literature review is provided on the research progress in energy harvesting methods suitable for direct adaptation in geophones. Specifically, the focus is on small form factor energy harvesting circuits and systems capable of harvesting energy from wind, sun, vibrations, temperature difference, and radio frequencies. Furthermore, case studies are presented to assess the suitability of the studied energy harvesting methods. Finally, a design of energy harvesting equipped geophone is also proposed.
Inside Back Cover: Tracking Pathogen Infections by Time‐Resolved Chemical Proteomics (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 6/2020) (2020)

A chemical proteomics strategy is used to implant a “GPS device” on bacteria to track their location and interacting proteins. This strategy, reported by W. A. Tao, Y. Zhang, and co-workers in their Communication on page 2235, involves labeling the living bacteria with a photoreactive linker and a biotin group for the isolation and analysis of crosslinked proteins by mass spectrometry at designated time points during the bacterial infection.
Experiments with a Supersonic Multi-Channel Radial Diffuser. (1980)

A supersonic radial flow diffuser of the type to be used for high energy radial flow lasers was investigated in cold flow experiments. The diffuser consisted of a multitude of small channels and it was the main purpose of the investigations to optimize the geometry of these channels. The nominal inlet Mach number of the diffuser was 3.5 and its axial length-to-diameter ratio referred to the inlet was 0.5. The maximum pressure recovery rate obtained with this diffuser was 80% of normal shock recovery. Selected channels tested individually reached a recovery rate of over 100%. Failure of the diffuser as a whole to reach this performance must be attributed to flow instabilities triggered by flow irregularities inherent to the present radial flow system. (Author)
Plasmonic Nanogap-enhanced Raman Scattering Using a Resonant Nanodome Array (2012)

We investigate the optical properties and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of plasmonic nanodome array substrates that are demonstrated to provide a reproducible SERS enhancement factor of 1.18×1010 for detection of a urinary metabolite used to monitor kidney function.
Tau immunotherapy rescues cognitive impairment by clearing extracellular tau (2020)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is histopathologically characterized by loss of neuronal connectivity associated with extensive tau and Abeta pathologies. Tau immunization can inhibit the seeding and spread of tau pathology and reduce not only tau but also Abeta pathology and rescue cognitive impairment in transgenic tau overexpression mouse models of AD pathology. The specific objective of this study was to determine if tau immunization in wild type aged mice, which like AD patients do not overexpress either APP or tau, can rescue cognitive impairment. Method We investigated the effect of immunization with monoclonal antibody 77E9 against tau 184‐195 in 18month‐old male C57 BL/6 wild type (WT) mice, 15 microgram/200 microliter intravenous weekly injection for 6 weeks or once every four weeks injection for 24 weeks; mice injected with mouse IgG were used as controls. Result We found (1) that tau immunization did not significantly alter the level of brain tau as tested by Western blots developed with 77E9 or with rabbit polyclonal tau antibodies 92e or 134d to total tau, (2) that aged mice were impaired as compared with the young animals as determined by novel object recognition test and Morris water maze test, and showed dendritic and synaptic deficits and (3) that tau immunization rescued these deficits and cognitive impairment. Conclusion The therapeutic beneficial effect of immunization with tau antibody is probably through the restoration of neuronal connectivity due to clearance of primarily extracellular tau. Tau immunotherapy is thus likely to be effective only in those conditions where a reduction of extracellular tau will benefit.
trans-dominant inhibition of herpes simplex virus transcriptional regulatory protein ICP4 by heterodimer formation (1990)

Herpes simplex virus encodes a 175-kilodalton immediate-early transactivating protein referred to as ICP4. A mutant ICP4 molecule expressed from a stable transformed cell line lacks the sequences required for transactivation yet retains the ability to specifically associate with DNA and to form homodimers. Expression of the mutant ICP4 peptide from this cell line, designated X25, resulted in the inhibition of herpes simplex virus growth. Wild-type ICP4 homodimers were depleted in X25-infected cells by the formation of heterodimers containing the wild-type ICP4 molecule and the mutant peptide. While the ICP4 heterodimer retained DNA-binding activity, immunological studies suggest that the wild-type subunit of the heterodimer is conformationally altered in a region that serves as the antigenic epitope. Physical studies that determined the composition of the heterodimer and its native size and approximate shape support this observation. The structural change is in a region of ICP4 genetically implicated as important for transactivation and may result in an alteration in an interaction between ICP4 and a target protein essential to promote transcriptional activation. Sequestering wild-type monomers of a viral regulatory protein into heterodimers which are less proficient in transactivation may explain the dominant inhibitory activity of the X25 cells, resulting in attenuation of viral growth.
Interpolation filtering for intra prediction in versatile video coding (2020)

In this paper, we propose a novel interpolation of reference samples for intra prediction in Versatile Video Coding (VVC). To interpolate a predictor value between two reference samples, the method uses four nearest reference samples, as does the existing cubic filter in VVC, but with a simpler design that does not require to pre-compute the filter coefficients. We model the signal as a sum of two components, where the first component is the classical linear interpolation, and the second component is a corrective term that accounts for the change due to the two farther samples. To arrive at this model, we model the signal as a sum of two quadratic functions where each quadratic function models the signal with three adjacent samples. The corrective term is attributed to the quadratic term in the resulting model, which can be calculated on the fly. Since models based on four samples can lead to large errors at edges of objects, we propose to use a thresholding method to decide between the proposed model and the usual linear interpolation. Besides BD-rate performance gain, the advantages of the proposed method are lower complexity, no memory storage of filter coefficients, and a uniform method for both Luma and Chroma components. The proposed method applied in VTM 7.0 intra prediction results in BD-rate gains of 0.13% for Luma and 0.30% for Chroma with lower decoding complexity.
Molecular cloning and characterization of chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), a novel human cytokine with unique structure and potential chemotactic activity (2001)

Cytokines are small proteins that have an essential role in the immune and inflammatory responses. The repertoire of cytokines is becoming diverse and expanding. Here we report the identification and characterization of a novel cytokine designated as chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1). The full-length cDNA of CKLF1 is 530bp long and a single open reading frame encoding 99 amino acid residues. CKLF1 bears no significant similarity to any other known cytokine in its amino acid sequence. Expression of CKLF1 can be partly inhibited by interleukin 10 in PHA-stimulated U937 cells. Recombinant CKLF1 is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes; moreover, it can stimulate the proliferation of murine skeletal muscle cells. These results suggest that CKLF1 might have important roles in inflammation and in the regeneration of skeletal muscle.
[Interstitial laser-induced coagulation of the prostate for therapy of benign hyperplasia]. (1995)

Interstitial laser-induced coagulation (ILC) is a new, minimally invasive, procedure for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is based on the placement of special light guides in the prostatic tissue, either transurethrally or perineally. The radiation source is a Nd-YAG laser, which is active for 3 or 5 min per fiber placement, respectively, with the power reduced stepwise. The coagulation necroses caused shrink during follow-up, leading to a decrease in the obstruction. In 239 patients treated in this way the mean I-PSS-Score fell from 25.4 to 8.1 points and the quality of life index from 4.1 to 1.6, the urinary peak flow rate increased from 7.7 to 16.3 ml/s, the residual urine volume fell from 151 to 32 ml, and the mean prostate volume declined from 47.4 to 32.2 ml in the first 3 months of follow up; 9.2% of the patients required further treatment within 1 year because of persistent obstruction. The complication rate was low. Statistical analysis showed no factors allowing prediction of the outcome. ILC is an effective method with few side effects and complications, and it has a wide range of indications for all BPH patients.
A New Multifunction Acousto-Optic Signal Processor (1983)

An acousto-optic architecture for simultaneously obtaining time integration correlation and high-speed power spectrum analysis was constructed using commercially available TeO2 modulators and photodiode detector-arrays. The correlator section of the processor uses coherent interferometry to attain maximum bandwidth and dynamic range while achieving a time-bandwidth product of 1 million. Two correllator outputs are achieved in this system configuration. One is optically filtered and magnified 2 : 1 to decrease the spatial frequency to a level where a 25-MHz bandwidth may be sampled by a 62-mm array with elements on 25-micro centers. The other output is magnified by a factor of 10 such that the center 4 microseconds of information is available for estimation of time-difference-of-arrival to within 10 ns. The Bragg cell spectrum-analyzer section, which also has two outputs, resolves a 25-MHz instantaneous bandwidth to 25 kHz and can determine discrete-frequency reception time to within 15 microseconds. A microprocessor combines spectrum analysis information with that obtained from the correlator.
Reflective twisted nematic liquid crystal displays. I. Retardation compensation (1997)

Reflective twisted nematic displays where the output polarizer is eliminated are analyzed and demonstrated. The absence of the rear output polarizer has many advantages, including much higher brightness and higher resolution. In this article, we examine the solution space for the design of such reflective displays. Both the cases of a simple reflective display and the use of a retardation film within the display to compensate for color dispersion are explored. It is shown that excellent black and white displays can be obtained using film compensation. Experimentally, over 90% reflectance from a compensated reflective display has been obtained with low color dispersion. The optical response of this reflective display was also found to be quite fast and suitable for video rate applications.
Data mining of public SNP databases for the selection of intragenic SNPs (2002)

Different strategies to search public single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) databases for intragenic SNPs were evaluated. First, we assembled a strategy to annotate SNPs onto candidate genes based on a BLAST search of public SNP databases (Intragenic SNP Annotation by BLAST, ISAB). Only BLAST hits that complied with stringent criteria according to 1) percentage identity (minimum 98%), 2) BLAST hit length (the hit covers at least 98% of the length of the SNP entry in the database, or the hit is longer than 250 base pairs), and 3) location in non-repetitive DNA, were considered as valid SNPs. We assessed the intragenic context and redundancy of these SNPs, and demonstrated that the SNP content of the dbSNP and HGBASE/HGVbase databases are highly complementary but also overlap significantly. Second, we assessed the validity of intragenic SNP annotation available on the dbSNP and HGVbase websites by comparison with the results of the ISAB strategy. Only a minority of all annotated SNPs was found in common between the respective public SNP database websites and the ISAB annotation strategy. A detailed analysis was performed aiming to explain this discrepancy. As a conclusion, we recommend the application of an independent strategy (such as ISAB) to annotate intragenic SNPs, complementary to the annotation provided at the dbSNP and HGVbase websites. Such an approach might be useful in the selection process of intragenic SNPs for genotyping in genetic studies. Hum Mutat 20:162-173, 2002.
Scalable Digital Multiphase Modulator (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An architecture is presented for digital multiphase modulators (MPM) that leads to an efficient, high performance hardware realization. The combined modulator, switching phases and output filter are viewed as a multilevel digital-to-analog converter with high power output, or a power D/A, and concepts used in D/A converters are leveraged to achieve high performance and hardware efficiency. The modulator is split into three functional blocks including a decoder that determines how many phases are on at any time, a selector that determines which phases are on at any time, and a single high-resolution module that is time-shared among all phases. The resulting architecture scales favorably with a large number of phases and facilitates fast update rates of the input command well above the single phase-switching frequency, <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$f_{s}$</tex></formula>. Experimental results are presented for a custom integrated circuit realization in a 0.35-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu$</tex> </formula>CMOS process, designed for 16-phase output with an input command update rate of 16 times <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$f_{s}$</tex></formula>. Two complete 16 phase MPM designs are verified on the IC with different high-resolution modules, including a delay-line based design achieving 9-b resolution at <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$f_{s} =$</tex></formula> 4 MHz and a counter-based design achieving 8-b resolution at <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$f_{s}=$</tex> </formula> 586 kHz. </para>
Use of a gel‐forming dipeptide derivative as a carrier for antigen presentation (1995)

A dipeptide of the formula Fmoc-Leu-Asp and some other related dipeptides were synthesized in solution by standard methods. When such peptides are dissolved in water at concentrations below 1% at 100 degrees C and cooled below 60 degrees C they form turbid solutions and eventually viscoelastic gels at lower temperatures. Such gels are thermoreversible and can also be disrupted by mechanical agitation. At a concentration of 2 mg/ml the peptide Fmoc-Leu-Asp forms an aqueous gel at 60 degrees C with a shear modulus of 80 Pa measured at a frequency of 1 rad/s. Peptide solutions undergo an abrupt increase in light scattering between 1 and 1.5 mg/ml at both 23 and 60 degrees C. By analogy with previous observations of other systems, this increase appears to be due to the formation of filamentous micelles and the aggregation of filaments into a three-dimensional network. When low molecular weight adamantanamine derivatives, which are inherently non-antigenic antiviral drugs, were incorporated into the Fmoc-Leu-Asp gel and injected into rabbits, high titre specific antibodies were efficiently produced without the need for additional adjuvant. Both the physical properties of the gel and its effect on the antigenicity of low molecular weight compounds suggest a number of practical applications.
Sequence Selective Recognition of Double-Stranded RNA Using Triple Helix-Forming Peptide Nucleic Acids (2013)

Noncoding RNAs are attractive targets for molecular recognition because of the central role they play in gene expression. Since most noncoding RNAs are in a double-helical conformation, recognition of such structures is a formidable problem. Herein, we describe a method for sequence-selective recognition of biologically relevant double-helical RNA (illustrated on ribosomal A-site RNA) using peptide nucleic acids (PNA) that form a triple helix in the major grove of RNA under physiologically relevant conditions. Protocols for PNA preparation and binding studies using isothermal titration calorimetry are described in detail.
A Novel Autoencoder-Based Diagnostic System for Early Assessment of Lung Cancer (2018)

A novel framework for the classification of lung nodules using computed tomography (CT) scans is proposed in this paper. To get an accurate diagnosis of the detected lung nodules, the proposed framework integrates the following two groups of features: (i) appearance features that is modeled using higher-order Markov Gibbs random field (MGRF)-model that has the ability to describe the spatial inhomogeneities inside the lung nodule; and (ii) geometric features that describe the shape geometry of the lung nodules. The novelty of this paper is to accurately model the appearance of the detected lung nodules using a new developed 7 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order MGRF model that has the ability to model the existing spatial inhomogeneities for both small and large detected lung nodules, in addition to the integration with the extracted geometric features. Finally, a deep autoencoder (AE) classifier is fed by the above two feature groups to distinguish between the malignant and benign nodules. To evaluate the proposed framework, we used the publicly available data from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC). We used a total of 727 nodules that were collected from 467 patients. The proposed system demonstrates the promise to be a valuable tool for the detection of lung cancer evidenced by achieving a nodule classification accuracy of 92.20%.
Antiglycopeptide Mouse Monoclonal Antibody LpMab-21 Exerts Antitumor Activity Against Human Podoplanin Through Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (2017)

The interaction between podoplanin (PDPN) and C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) is involved in tumor malignancy. We have established many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human podoplanin using the cancer-specific mAb (CasMab) technology. LpMab-21, one of the mouse antipodoplanin mAbs, is of the IgG<sub>2a</sub> subclass, and its minimum epitope was determined to be Thr76-Arg79 of the human podoplanin. Importantly, sialic acid is linked to Thr76; therefore, LpMab-21 is an antiglycopeptide mAb (GpMab). In this study, we investigated whether LpMab-21 shows antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against human podoplanin-expressing cancer cell lines in vitro and also studied its antitumor activities using a xenograft model. LpMab-21 showed high ADCC and CDC activities against not only podoplanin-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells but also LN319 glioblastoma cells and PC-10 lung cancer cells, both of which endogenously express podoplanin. Furthermore, LpMab-21 decreased tumor growth in vivo, indicating that LpMab-21 could be useful for antibody therapy against human podoplanin-expressing cancers.
Natural tolerance development in cow's milk allergic children: IgE and IgG4 epitope binding (2017)

Our results suggest that the overlap between IgE and IgG4 might be important in natural tolerance acquisition. Further studies are needed to confirm our data and can eventually lead to development of more targeted treatment of food allergy.