gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of the morphology of polymer dispersed liquid crystals on the UV polymerization process (1997)

Using confocal microscopy, we have studied the morphology of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) as a function of polymer/liquid crystal composition, polymer cure temperature, and ultraviolet (UV) curing power and determined how this morphology affects the electro-optical properties. The PDLC morphology consists of a spongelike texture where spherically shaped liquid crystalline domains are dispersed in a polymer matrix. These domains grow as the fraction of liquid crystal increases and as the UV curing power decreases. We observe no significant changes in domain size with changes in the curing temperature. Instead, high-temperature cures result in coalescence and the formation of elliptical-shaped liquid crystal domains. The temperature at which this coalescence starts to be observed marks a threshold temperature Tth, above which the switching properties are strongly dependent on morphology. Below Tth the switching properties are largely independent of morphology.
Research on Automatic Collection of New Store Information Utilizing Web Resource and Geographic Information (2011)

近年，情報関連技術の普及と発展に伴い，カーナビゲーションを代表とする地理空間情報サービスが普及している．しかし，地理空間情報サービスの基盤となる地図情報の整備は人手による現地踏査に依存しているため，新店舗の開店などの実空間の情報変化に地図情報が追従できていない問題がある．そこで，著者らは，Web上の新店舗の開店情報を対象として，自然言語から店舗名，住所や業種などの店舗情報を自動収集するテキストマイニングの研究を行ってきた．しかし，新規開店に関連するキーワードだけを用いてマイニングを行った場合，業種別の単語出現傾向の違いや，単語の連接関係によって生じるノイズなどの自然言語の曖昧性に起因する課題に加え，情報自体の正誤を評価できないという課題に直面した．そこで，本研究では，キーワードによるマイニングに加え，マーケティング分析の指標に基づいて，店舗の業種と出店位置の地理的特性との関係を活用することで，これらの課題を克服することを目指す．実験から，地理的特性を考慮した情報を評価することによって，新店舗に関する開店情報を高精度に取得できることを実証した．
Crosslinked Spherical Nanoparticles with Core-Shell Topology (2000)

Core–shell microgels are crosslinked nanosized spherical particles with a chemical composition that is different on the surface compared to the core region. By employing a core with special optical properties, e.g., a core labeled either with organic dye molecules or noble metal clusters (see Figure), these particles are perfectly suited as optical tracers in diffusion measurements. Here, the shell may be important for several reasons: (i) as a protective coating to suppress any influence of the labels on particle mobility, (ii) to optically separate individual particles even at high concentrations, and (iii) to compatibilize the particles with e.g., polymeric chains. Recent developments in the field of crosslinked core–shell particles are reviewed here, with a focus on such optical tracer systems.
Detection of chloride ions using an integrated Ag∕AgCl electrode with AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (2008)

Al Ga N ∕ Ga N high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with an Ag∕AgCl gate exhibit significant changes in channel conductance upon exposing the gate region to various concentrations of chloride (Cl−) ion. The Ag∕AgCl gate electrode, prepared by potentiostatic anodization, changes electrical potential when it encounters Cl− ions. This gate potential changes lead to a change of surface charge in the gate region of the HEMT, inducing a higher positive charge on the AlGaN surface, and increasing the piezoinduced charge density in the HEMT channel. These anions create an image positive charge on the Ag gate metal for the required neutrality, thus increasing the drain current of the HEMT. The HEMT source-drain current was highly dependent on Cl− ion concentration. The limit of detection achieved was 1×10−8M using a 20×50μm2 gate sensing area.
Conformationally Restrained Chiral Analogues of Spermine:  Chemical Synthesis and Improvements in DNA Triplex Stability (1997)

The synthesis of novel chiral analogues of spermine, 11 (2R,4S) and 14 (2S,4R), is reported starting from trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline 3. These cyclic analogues are generated from linear, achiral spermine by incorporating a pyrrolidine ring on the backbone to effect conformational rigidity, with simultaneous creation of two asymmetric centers. The chiral analogues bind both AT and CG rich DNA duplexes as effectively as spermine and exhibit even better association with DNA triplex than spermine. The newer analogues have features for structural elaboration to novel molecular entities of potential importance in therapeutics and material design.
Forced Convection Air Cooling of Simulated Low Profile Electronic Components: Part 1—Base Case (1991)

Forced convection cooling of a simulated array of card-mounted electronic components has been investigated. An important feature of the simulated components is their relatively low profile (height/length = 0.058). Laboratory measurements of heat transfer rates resulting from convective air flow through a low aspect ratio channel are reported. The effect of variations in array position, channel spacing and flow rate is discussed. In the flow range considered laminar, transitional and turbulent heat transfer behavior have been observed. The behavior due to variations in flow rate and channel spacing is well correlated using a Reynolds number based on component length.
Adaptive exposure control for image-based visual-servo systems using local gradient information (2019)

We present a new method for automatic adjustment of camera exposure time for visual-servo systems. The proposed method can improve the robustness of image processing in a high-dynamic-range environment. In this paper, we evaluate an appropriate exposure time by computing the local gradient information of a target area, allowing a camera to capture images without losing target features under artificially adjusted illumination conditions. To validate the advantage of the proposed method, an evaluation is made using an off-the-shelf visual-servo system with a machine vision camera. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, which improves the performance of the target recognition algorithm.
Photonic-crystal lasers on silicon for chip-scale optical interconnects (2016)

Optical interconnects are expected to reduce the power consumption of ICT instruments. To realize chip-to-chip or chip-scale optical interconnects, it is essential to fabricate semiconductor lasers with a smaller energy cost. In this context, we are developing lambda-scale embedded active-region photonic-crystal (LEAP) lasers as light sources for chip-scale optical interconnects. We demonstrated the first continuous-wave (CW) operation of LEAP lasers in 2012 and reported a record low threshold current and energy cost of 4.8 μA and 4.4 fJ/bit at 10 Gbit/s in 2013. We have also integrated photonic crystal photodetectors on the same InP chip and demonstrated waveform transfer along 500-μm-long waveguides. Although LEAP lasers exhibit excellent performance, they have to be integrated on Si wafers for use as light sources for chip-scale optical interconnects. In this paper, we give a brief overview of our LEAP lasers on InP and report our recent progress in fabricating them on Si. We bonded the InP wafers with quantum-well gain layers directly on thermally oxidized Si wafers and performed all process steps on the Si wafer, including high-temperature regrowth. After this process modification, we again achieved CW operation and obtained a threshold current of 57 μA with a maximum output power of more than 3.5 μW at the output waveguides. An output light was successfully guided through 500 × 250-nm InP waveguides.
The Use of Gamma-H2AX as a Biodosimeter for Total-Body Radiation Exposure in Non-Human Primates (2010)

These findings indicate that quantitation of γ-H2AX foci may make a robust biodosimeter for analyzing total-body exposure to ionizing radiation in humans. This tool would help clinicians prescribe appropriate types of medical intervention for optimal individual outcome. These results also demonstrate that the use of a high throughput γ-H2AX biodosimeter would be useful for days post-exposure in applications like large-scale radiological events or radiation therapy. In addition, this study validates a possibility to use plucked hair in future clinical trials investigating genotoxic effects of drugs and radiation treatments.
Metastatic bladder cancer (2012)

No major advances have been achieved in the recent years in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment of metastatic disease. Several targeted agents are currently under investigation, but no major breakthroughs have been achieved with these drugs. Development of less toxic, more effective agents is crucial and clinical trial participation needs to be emphasized.
Evaluation of a Triplex PCR Assay To Discriminate<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>from Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci and Determine Methicillin Resistance from Blood Cultures (2002)

A triplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA, mecA, and nuc genes was developed for identification of staphylococci and detection of methicillin resistance. After validation of the assay with a collection of strains of staphylococci and enterococci (n = 169), the assay was evaluated with cultures of blood with gram-positive cocci from 40 patients. Accurate results were obtained for 59 (98%) of 61 cultures within 6 h of growth detection.
Chemical Characterization of CMC and Its Relationship to Drilling-Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss (1993)

Summary Four carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymers were characterized by molecular weight, degree of substitution, and intrinsic viscosity. These polymers were used to make simple water-based muds with various polymer and bentonite contents. API fluid loss and high shear viscosity were determined for each mud. Fluid loss is independent of polymer molecular weight at low ionic strength. The high shear viscosity of muds and polymer solutions is related to the product of the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer and its concentration.
Notes from the EC'13 program chairs (2013)

This note describes our experience as 2013 ACM Electronic Commerce (EC) program chairs and summarizes a survey we ran after the program was complete.
Energy-Efficient Free-Space Optical Communication by Coded OAM Modulation (2011)

We study communication over atmospheric turbulence channels based on LDPC-coded signaling using multidimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) signal constellations. Multidimensional signal constellation is obtained as the N-dimensional Cartesian product of a one-dimensional signal constellation originating from non-negative pulse-amplitude modulation. This scheme represents an energy efficient alternative, since a larger number of bits per symbol can be transmitted using a given bandwidth. We evaluate the performance of this scheme by determining conditional symbol probability density functions (PDFs) from numerical propagation data. Two cases are considered: (i) when conditional PDFs are known on the receiver side, and (ii) when conditional PDFs are not known and Gaussian approximation is used instead. We show that the OAM modulation is more sensitive to atmospheric turbulence as the number of dimensions increases. We also describe several applications of interest ranging from indoor wireless communications to intersatellite communications.
Chave Interativa para Diásporos do Cerrado do Jardim Botânico de Brasília , DF, atrativos para Fauna. (2014)

Frutos e sementes (diásporos) possuem adaptações s diversas formas de dispersão e a grande variedade nessas estruturas torna complexa sua classificação morfológica e identificação do material botânico quando coletado em fruto. O uso das chaves convencionais muitas vezes trava o processo devido terminologia pouco usual, e a aplicação de chaves interativas pode ser uma alternativa. Pesquisas no Cerrado sobre dispersão mostraram que as espécies zoocóricas são maioria, principalmente em fitofisionomias florestais. Devido diversidade morfológica, caracteres estruturais dos diásporos podem ser comparados para identificação das plantas, principalmente quando associados a um banco de imagens com exemplos ilustrados que torne o processo acessí­vel. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a construção de uma chave interativa ilustrada para identificação de espécies do Cerrado do Jardim Botânico de Brasí­lia que são dispersas pela fauna. Foram obtidas 157 espécies zoocóricas com frutos frescos e maduros, distribuí­das em 61 famí­lias e 111 gêneros. A chave eletrônica foi confeccionada no ââ?¬Å?Lucidââ?¬Â, programa de chaves interativas de múltipla entrada que possibilita uso de imagens. A chave foi testada com alunos de graduação da Universidade de Brasí­lia e tem se mostrado uma ferramenta prática na identificação das espécies, já estando disponí­vel gratuitamente no site www.frutosatrativosdocerrado.bio.br.
Tumour imaging of bladder carcinomas and their metastases with 111indium-labelled monoclonal anti-CEA antibody BW 431/26. (1990)

Fifty-one patients with muscle-infiltrating bladder carcinoma (T2-T4, N0-3, M0-1) were studied with a new imaging technique using murine monoclonal antibody directed against the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A total number of 67 investigations were performed. The intact 111indium-labelled antibody (BW 431/26, Behringwerke Marburg) detected 86% of primary tumours, 93% of local and 75% of distant metastases whether there was an elevated CEA level in serum or not. Immunohistologically (avidin-biotin-peroxidase method) positive frozen tissue sections from tumour biopsies stained with the same monoclonal anti-CEA antibody, thus confirming the presence of the CEA antigen in vitro. The method was of much higher sensitivity in detecting even very small metastases than X-ray computed tomography (86% versus less than 30%). The specificity was in the region of 90%. The response to chemotherapy (MVEC regimen) was shown by repeated studies demonstrating reduced uptake (partial remission) or no accumulation (complete remission) in the second immunoscan. We suggest immunoscintigraphy of bladder tumours and their metastases as an additional method in preoperative staging and postoperative care.
Optimization of CT Colonography Technique: Prospective Trial in 180 Patients (2000)

Acquisition and review of supine and prone CT colonographic images significantly improves the ability to identify patients with polyps 0.5 cm in diameter or larger. Administration of oral iodinated contrast medium does not significantly improve polyp detection.
Effect of a Novel Sanitizer on Pathogenic, Spoilage, and Indicator Populations of Bacteria from Chicken Carcasses (2000)

Research was conducted to determine whether a new sanitizer, Timsen (N-Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride-ADBAC) was effective for killing populations of bacteria that are of concern to the poultry industry. Populations of pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes), spoilage bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida, P. fragi, and Shewanella putrfaciens), aerobic bacteria, and coliform bacteria were exposed to various levels of ADBAC, then monitored to determine their survival rate. ADBAC was able to completely eliminate the pathogenic bacteria tested at concentrations of 150 ppm or less, which is much lower than the allowable use concentration of 400 ppm. ADBAC eliminated or reduced the growth of spoilage bacteria at a level of 200 ppm or less. ADBAC eliminated Escherichia coli at a concentration of 100 ppm. ADBAC significantly inhibited the growth of aerobic and coliform populations of bacteria. Therefore, Timsen (ADBAC) appears to be an effective means of eliminating pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, and the feral indicator E. coli.
Influence of the gas mixture on the reactive ion etching of InP in CH4-H2 plasmas (1997)

The influence of the CH4-H2 mixture composition on the etching process of InP is investigated by means of plasma diagnostics (optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry) and quasi in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) surface analysis. Increasing the mixture composition in methane increases the InP etch rate. For example, it rises from 230 to 380 Å/min when increasing the percentage in CH4 from 2.5% to 75%. In pure methane discharge, at a pressure of 50 mTorr, amorphous carbon is deposited on InP. Quasi in situ XPS reveals major changes in the surface chemistry. In particular P depletion decreases and the mean surface stoichiometry improves as the percentage of methane increases. The mass spectrometry PH3+ signal (m/e=34 amu) corresponding to PH3 molecules and the In* emission line (λ=451.1 nm), which are, respectively, characteristic signals of the individual removal rate of In and P, and the concentration of CH3 radicals in the plasma as measured by the threshold ionization technique display good agreement with the etch rate and surface chemical modifications. These results confirm that the etching mechanism of InP is controlled by the etching mechanism of In, and that the latter is strongly correlated with the concentration of methane in the mixture. Variable photoelectron emission angle measurements are performed to determine precisely the location of the species in the damaged layer. A model for the representation of the surface in the process of etching is then proposed.
Simulation of Curl Compensation in MEMS Micromirror (2006)

This paper reports a design to compensate overlapping area reduction in MEMS Micromirror. The electromechanical behavior of a 300x300 m mirror actuated by electrostatic comb drive is simulated by CoventorWare™. The interdigitated fingers are 240 µm long and 20 µm wide separated by 20 µm gap. The displacement of the mirror is compared when the frame of stator is released and fixed. The simulation shows that released-frame stator produces more displacement in z direction than fixed-frame stator by the factor of 3 when 50V DC voltage is applied. The improvement in micromirror actuation is as a result of the increase of overlapping area provided by curl compensation with released-frame approach. Therefore, the released-frame design is a promising method to reduce input voltage and enhance efficiency of electrostatic comb drive micromirror.
H<scp>EPATOPROTECTIVE</scp>E<scp>FFECT OF</scp><i>A<scp>MOORA ROHITUKA</scp></i> (1997)

Antihepatotoxic activity of a resuspended residue of the alcohol extract of Amoora rohituka W & A. (Meliaceae) was studied in rats with hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride (1 ml/kg, i.p.) was administered twice a week for 3 weeks and an extract of A. rohituka (50 mg/kg/day) was given orally for the same period. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last CC14 challenge. Carbon tetrachloride induced elevations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (CPT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total plasma bilirubin concentration as well as depression of total plasma cholesterol concentration were reduced significantly by the concurrent treatment of rats with A. rohituka suspension. Changes in the histological architecture of the liver produced by CC14 where also protected by the administration of A. rohituka suspension. These results indicate that A. rohituka suspension possesses hepatoprotective action.
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid, Pancreatic Nesidioblastosis and Microadenosis, and Pancreatic Polypeptide Hypersecretion: A New Association and Clinical and Hormonal Responses to Long-Acting Somatostatin Analog SMS 201-995* (1987)

We describe a 63-yr-old man with disseminated medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and pancreatic nesidioblastosis and microadenosis with pancreatic polypeptide (PP) hypersecretion. His major symptoms were watery diarrhea, flushing, and abdominal bloating; these and the elevated plasma PP levels did not change after resection of the distal two thirds of the pancreas, which contained a 2-cm mass of nesidioblastotic tissue. Postoperatively, a long-acting somatostatin analog, SMS 201-995 (100 micrograms/day), normalized PP secretion acutely and chronically (7 months) and ameliorated his symptoms. The analog had no side-effects and did not alter glucose tolerance, calcitonin hypersecretion, or growth of the medullary carcinoma, but it did inhibit GH secretion. After withdrawal from therapy for 1 month, PP hypersecretion and all symptoms except diarrhea recurred. The coexistence of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and PP cell nesidioblastosis represents a new variant of the overlap syndromes between multiple endocrine neoplasia types I and II. Patients with medullary carcinoma and unexplained watery diarrhea should have fasting gastroenteropancreatic hormone assays done to screen for a potential gastrointestinal or pancreatic origin for the diarrhea.
RigMesh (2012)

The creation of a 3D model is only the first stage of the 3D character animation pipeline. Once a model has been created, and before it can be animated, it must be rigged . Manual rigging is laborious, and automatic rigging approaches are far from real-time and do not allow for incremental updates. This is a hindrance in the real world, where the shape of a model is often revised after rigging has been performed. In this paper, we introduce algorithms and a user-interface for sketch-based 3D modeling that unify the modeling and rigging stages of the 3D character animation pipeline. Our algorithms create a rig for each sketched part in real-time, and update the rig as parts are merged or cut. As a result, users can freely pose and animate their shapes and characters while rapidly iterating on the base shape. The rigs are compatible with the state-of-the-art character animation pipeline; they consist of a low-dimensional skeleton along with skin weights identifying the surface with bones of the skeleton.
Single longitudinal mode operation of cw junction lasers by frequency-selective optical feedback (1974)

cw oscillation in a single longitudinal mode is reported for stripe-geometry junction lasers operated at room temperature with frequency-selective optical feedback. The frequency-selective feedback, obtained by optically coupling a diffraction grating to the diode, is used to select a single mode of the normally multimode spectrum generated by the diode laser itself. Single-frequency oscillation is observed for currents up to 30% above threshold. The oscillation frequency has a linewidth determined primarily by the internal dynamics of the diode and is tunable over the entire multimode spectrum. Additional experimental results demonstrate the homogeneous broadening of the radiative line in these lasers.