gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of the Two-Mirror Plane-Grating Spectrograph (1972)

The central-ray aberrations of the two-mirror plane-grating spectrograph are studied in three dimensions. Two mounts are discussed. Astigmatism is found to be reduced in both mounts by a reduction of the ruled length of the grating and/or by reduction of the mirror-tilt angles. When the rulings are orthogonal to the meridional plane, the coma-free condition from the two-dimensional theory is found not to eliminate horizontal coma completely; the residual coma is reduced by the same arrangements that will reduce astigmatism and by placing the mirrors close to each other. For the case in which the rulings are parallel with the meridional plane, an expression for complete elimination of horizontal coma in the central image is given. In both mounts, the conditions for elimination of coma should be satisfied by variation of the curvatures of the mirrors while the tilt angles should be kept as small as possible. Criteria for elimination of astigmatism and spherical aberration are also given.
A Distributed Scheduling Algorithm for High-Speed Switching Systems (2011)

Given the rapid increase in traffic, greater demands have been put on research in high-speed switching systems. Such systems have to simultaneously meet several constraints, e.g., high throughput, low delay and low complexity. This makes it challenging to design an efficient scheduling algorithm, and has consequently drawn considerable research interest. However, previous results either cannot provide a 100% throughput guarantee without a speedup, or require a complex centralized scheduler. In this paper, we design a distributed 100% throughput algorithm for crosspoint buffered switches, called DISQUO, with very limited message passing. We prove that DISQUO can achieve 100% throughput for any admissible Bernoulli traffic, with a low time complexity of O(1) per port and a few bits message exchanging in every time slot. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first distributed algorithm that can provide a 100% throughput for a crosspoint buffered switch.
Pinning mechanism in a continuous ultrafine Nb3Al multifilamentary superconductor (1988)

For Nb3Al multifilamentary superconductors fabricated by a newly developed composite process using continuous ultrafine Al-based alloy cores and pure Nb matrix, Jc properties have been investigated in detail in regard to the size and morphology of the Al core. A significant enhancement in pinning force caused by reducing the Al core size and an anisotropy in Jc observed in a rolled tape have indicated that the Nb3Al-matrix (or core) interface acts as a dominant pinning center of fluxoids.
Fine Virtual Manipulation with Hands of Different Sizes (2021)

Natural interaction with virtual objects relies on two major technology components: hand tracking and hand-object physics simulation. There are functional solutions for these two components, but their hand representations may differ in size and skeletal morphology, hence making the connection non-trivial. In this paper, we introduce a pose retargeting strategy to connect the tracked and simulated hand representations, and we have formulated and solved this hand retargeting as an optimization problem. We have also carried out a user study that demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach to enable fine manipulations that are slow and awkward with naïve approaches.
Imprinting bulk amorphous alloy at room temperature (2015)

We present investigations on the plastic deformation behavior of a brittle bulk amorphous alloy by simple uniaxial compressive loading at room temperature. A patterning is possible by cold-plastic forming of the typically brittle Hf-based bulk amorphous alloy through controlling homogenous flow without the need for thermal energy or shaping at elevated temperatures. The experimental evidence suggests that there is an inconsistency between macroscopic plasticity and deformability of an amorphous alloy. Moreover, imprinting of specific geometrical features on Cu foil and Zr-based metallic glass is represented by using the patterned bulk amorphous alloy as a die. These results demonstrate the ability of amorphous alloys or metallic glasses to precisely replicate patterning features onto both conventional metals and the other amorphous alloys. Our work presents an avenue for avoiding the embrittlement of amorphous alloys associated with thermoplastic forming and yields new insight the forming application of bulk amorphous alloys at room temperature without using heat treatment.
Effect of a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor on Corneal Endothelial Cell Proliferation (2018)

Activation of p38 MAPK signaling due to culture stress might suppress the proliferation of HCECs, whereas a p38 MAPK inhibitor can counteract this activation and enable efficient in vitro HCEC expansion.
SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE MERCURY VAPOR SENSOR (1998)

Sensor Research and Development Corporation (SRD) has been contracted to develop and deliver a prototype instrument capable of the in situ detection and measurement of low levels of gaseous mercury for use in thermal waste treatment continuous emissions monitoring. The goal is to develop a fast, simple, inexpensive and reliable in situ sensor instrument for detecting and monitoring vaporized mercury that should be able to react to low (less than 5 mg/m 3 ) levels of mercury vapor, should be site deployable and provide continuous data on either cumulative mercury exposure or instantaneous concentration. Over the course of the reporting period, sensor responses were measured and analyzed for a wide range of sensing film thicknesses, operating temperatures, and adhesion layers. From this data, an optimal combination of those parameters was chosen. The film was then incorporated into the SAW sensing element, and rigorous testing has begun. To date, sensor responses to wide concentration ranges (0.7 ppb to 500 ppb) have been measured. Furthermore, a contract modification to include measurement of total mercury (both in elemental and reacted forms) has been requested and is expected to be finalized before the end of November, 1998. Finally, plans have been made for initial visits to the TSCA facility in Oak Ridge, TN and the University of North Dakota�s EERC facility to gather information required for the construction of the prototype instrument and to discuss possible future collaborations and field testing.
Structure of the human type IV collagen COL4A5 gene. (1994)

The complete exon size and distribution pattern of the human alpha 5(IV) collagen gene COL4A5 has been determined. Seventeen genomic lambda phage clones, eight of which have been described previously (Zhou, J., Hostikka, S.L., Chow, L.T., and Tryggvason, K. (1991) Genomics 9, 1-9), spanning about 160 kilobases of DNA contained 140 kilobases of the gene itself. The clones covered the entire gene with the exception of exons 2 and 37 and their flanking regions so that the exact gene size could not be determined. The sequences of these two exons were, however, determined from polymerase chain reaction products. The COL4A5 gene has a structure highly homologous with that of COL4A1 which encodes the alpha 1(IV) chain. However, the COL4A5 gene contains 51 exons, or one less than COL4A1. The exon size pattern of the genes are similar, with 41 exons having identical sizes. All the exons were assigned to distinct EcoRI restriction fragments. The results may be useful for characterization of mutations in COL4A5 in patients with X chromosome-linked Alport syndrome.
Directive and focused acoustic wave radiation by tessellated transducers with folded curvatures (2017)

Foldable, origami-inspired transducer arrays have recently been found to offer a straightforward approach of topological transformations on a single tessellated array, rather than signal controls on many transducers, to enable orders of magnitude tuning of acoustic wave guiding capability. Although optimization approaches exist to develop tessellations that serve simple mechanical functions, there are not yet established methods to design tessellated acoustic arrays for targeted acoustic wave guiding properties. This research presents a first approach to design, evaluate, and iteratively refine the tessellations that make up origami-inspired acoustic transducer arrays for desired wave guiding abilities. To exemplify the procedure, two folding patterns are investigated using this process. The approach aims to integrate computational tools to create the tessellation, modify the design based on intuition or prior knowledge, evaluate the acoustic wave radiation characteristics, and iterate on the design according to the outcomes of the evaluations. The two examples exemplify the efficacy of this new process and identify means for improvement and automation. The approach will enable ongoing efforts to devise origami-inspired acoustic transducers and arrays that may serve diverse applications demanding adaptable acoustic wave energy guiding, from biomedical imaging and diagnostics to portable communication and alert devices.
The Antiasthma Medication Ciclesonide Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells through Inhibition of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling-Dependent YAP Pathway (2020)

Ciclesonide is an FDA-approved glucocorticoid used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, whether it has anticancer and anti-cancer stem cell (CSC) effects is unknown. This study focused on investigating the effect of ciclesonide on breast cancer and CSCs and determining its underlying mechanism. Here, we showed that ciclesonide inhibits breast cancer and CSC formation. Similar glucocorticoids-dexamethasone and prednisone-did not inhibit CSC formation. Ciclesonide-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) degradation was dependent on ubiquitination. We showed via GR small interfering RNA (siRNA) that GR plays an important role in CSC formation. We showed via western blot and immunofluorescence assays that ciclesonide reduces the nuclear level of GR. The GR antagonist RU-486 also inhibited CSC formation. Ciclesonide reduced the protein level of the Hippo transducer Yes-associated protein (YAP). GR siRNA induced a decrease in YAP protein expression and inhibited mammosphere formation. The YAP inhibitor verteporfin inhibited CSC formation and transcription of the connective tissue growth factor and cysteine-rich protein 61 genes. The GR/YAP1 pathway regulated breast CSC formation. We showed that the GR/YAP signaling pathway regulates breast CSC formation and revealed a new approach for targeting GR and YAP to inhibit CSC formation.
Statistical methods for delay fault coverage analysis (2002)

We have developed new statistical techniques for delay fault analysis. True value simulation is performed using a multi-value logic system describing signal states of two consecutive vectors. Signal statistics are used to estimate transition probabilities and observabilities. These allow us to estimate detection probabilities and the coverage for transition faults. For path delay faults, recognizing that the total number of possible paths can be exponential in circuit size, we devise an implicit random path sampling procedure to obtain a linear-time estimate of the coverage for all faults. We further derive a longest path theorem to estimate coverages with respect to longest paths through primary inputs and a selected set of fanout branches. Coverages are estimated for a minimal set of longest paths such that each signal lead is included in at least one target path whose propagation delay is no less than the delay of any path containing the lead. The fault coverage estimates closely agree with those obtained from delay fault simulation while giving a significant speedup.
Microbial phytotoxins as potential herbicides (1996)

Abstract Microbes are sources of a diverse array of phytotoxic compounds. These compounds are generally structurally different from commercial herbicides, targeting different molecular sites of action within the plant. These novel structures and sites can be excellent leads for the discovery and development of safer synthetic herbicides. Microbial phytotoxins are often more environmentally benign than synthetic herbicides. Examples of phytotoxins from fungi (AAL‐toxin, cornexistin, cyperin, and tentoxin) with novel structures and sites of action are discussed. AAL‐toxin is toxic to a wide variety of weeds at very low dose rates. AAL‐toxin and many of its analogues kill plants by inhibiting a ceramide synthase‐like enzyme, causing rapid accumulation of free sphingoid bases that disrupt membranes. Cornexistin appears to be metabolically cnverted to an inhibitor of certain aspartate amino transferase isoenzymes. Its activity can be reversed by feeding aspartate and glutamate or with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Its activity is much like that of (aminooxy)acetate. Cyperin is a diphenylether phytotoxin that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, but does not kill plants by this mechanism. It appears to have other effects on porphyrin metabolism. Tentoxin is toxic by two mechanisms. It disrupts chloroplast development by inhibiting the processing of a nuclear‐coded plastid protein, and it also inhibits photophosphorylation by acting as an energy transfer inhibitor of coupling factor 1 ATPase. Other examples of phytotoxins from microbes with promise as herbicides will be mentioned. Key words: AAL‐toxincornexistincyperinmode of actiontentoxin Notes Visiting scientsts from Sankyo Co., Ltd. (TA) and Ube Industries (TT).
Developing liquid chromatography ion mobility mass spectometry techniques (2005)

When a packet of ions in a buffer gas is exposed to a weak electric field, the ions will separate according to differences in their mobilities through the gas. This separation forms the basis of the analytical method known as ion mobility spectroscopy and is highly efficient, in that it can be carried out in a very short time frame (micro- to milliseconds). Recently, efforts have been made to couple the approach with liquid-phase separations and mass spectrometry in order to create a high-throughput and high-coverage approach for analyzing complex mixtures. This article reviews recent work to develop this approach for proteomics analyses. The instrumentation is described briefly. Several multidimensional data sets obtained upon analyzing complex mixtures are shown in order to illustrate the approach as well as provide a view of the limitations and required future work.
Adapting AlphaLISA high throughput screen to discover a novel small-molecule inhibitor targeting protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in pancreatic and colorectal cancers (2017)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are notoriously challenging for treatment. Hyperactive nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a common culprit in both cancers. Previously, we discovered that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) methylated and activated NF-κB. Here, we show that PRMT5 is highly expressed in PDAC and CRC. Overexpression of PRMT5 promoted cancer progression, while shRNA knockdown showed an opposite effect. Using an innovative AlphaLISA high throughput screen, we discovered a lead compound, PR5-LL-CM01, which exhibited robust tumor inhibition effects in both cancers. An in silico structure prediction suggested that PR5-LL-CM01 inhibits PRMT5 by binding with its active pocket. Importantly, PR5-LL-CM01 showed higher anti-tumor efficacy than the commercial PRMT5 inhibitor, EPZ015666, in both PDAC and CRC. This study clearly highlights the significant potential of PRMT5 as a therapeutic target in PDAC and CRC, and establishes PR5-LL-CM01 as a promising basis for new drug development in the future.
Protocols for the Isolation and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2003)

Human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines have been derived from the inner cell mass of preimplantation embryos by culturing the cells on mouse embryonic feeder cells (1,2) In these conditions, human ES cells show remarkable proliferative capacity and stability in long-term culture (3) and have the capacity to differentiate into cell types from all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo (1,2). Therefore, human ES cells may be a source of cells for cell therapies, drug screening, and functional genomics applications.
Efficient Arbitrary Simultaneously Entangling Gates on a trapped-ion quantum computer (2019)

Efficiently entangling pairs of qubits is essential to fully harness the power of quantum computing. Here, we devise an exact protocol that simultaneously entangles arbitrary pairs of qubits on a trapped-ion quantum computer. The protocol requires classical computational resources polynomial in the system size, and very little overhead in the quantum control compared to a single-pair case. We demonstrate an exponential improvement in both classical and quantum resources over the current state of the art. We implement the protocol on a software-defined trapped-ion quantum computer, where we reconfigure the quantum computer architecture on demand. Together with the all-to-all connectivity available in trapped-ion quantum computers, our results establish that trapped ions are a prime candidate for a scalable quantum computing platform with minimal quantum latency.
An lnterframe coding system using motion‐compensation prediction and uncovered background prediction (1986)

Abstract In order to expand the applications of domestic and international teleconference service, it is necessary to develop a video coder with high quality and low cost. This paper discusses an interframe coding system which can realize high quality. The interframe coding system realizes coded transmission with high efficiency by adaptively switching the prediction scheme as follows. The image in teleconferencing can be divided into a still area, a moving object and the background left after movement of the object. For the still area, the previous‐frame prediction is used. For the moving object, the motion‐compensation prediction is used. For the background left after the movement of the object, the uncovered background prediction is used. In the first part of the paper, the interframe coding system is described. Then, a coding experiment is performed, confirming the usefulness of information suppression when motion‐compensation prediction and uncovered background prediction are used. An experiment for image quaiity evaluation is performed and the experimental device is applied to ITS. As a result, it is demonstrated that the television conference signal is transmitted at a rate of 1.5 Mb/s with satisfactory image quality.
Carbidonitride- and oxycarbidonitride-based phosphors for LED lighting devices (2012)

Based on an analysis on the chemical bonding energy of a luminescence center and the thermal stability of luminescence emission, we describe a design idea of high performance phosphor materials. It is to incorporate a superhard chemical bond, Si-C, into the host crystals. Two families of phosphor formulations are designed and prepared through high temperature solid state reaction. The structure determination results of the phosphors demonstrated the incorporation of the Si-C bonds in the crystal. The effect of the Si-C bond in the formulations is evident on luminescence and optical spectra. The thermal quenching profiles of the phosphors show enhanced thermal stability of the luminescence emission as the carbon content is increased.
Magnetostatic coupling in spin dependent tunnel junctions (2000)

Spin dependent tunneling materials have high potential for MRAM, read head, and magnetic field sensor applications because of their superior properties of high sensitivity, low power, and small size. However, for some of these applications, magnetic coupling field between the two magnetic layers has to be reduced in order to take full advantage of these superior properties. A parallel coupling field of 6.7 Oe is obtained by measuring the offset of the minor hysteresis loops of the free layers in typical spin valve like SDT structures. Calculation using Neel's formula and parameters from TEM images yield higher coupling fields than experimentally observed, which suggests that the magnetic roughness is less than what is shown by the contrast in the TEM images. Synthetic antiferromagnet pinned layers help to reduce the parallel coupling, but not enough to null it out. SDT devices were fabricated by RF sputtering and photolithography patterning. On patterned devices, the effective coupling field can be made as small as 0.5 Oe, which is likely due to the cancellation of the Neel coupling and the fringe field coupling.
Purging: A reliability assurance technique for new technology semiconductor devices (1983)

A new reliability assurance philosophy is described that represents the Bell System approach to solving the difficult problem of providing new device technology for early system deployment with well characterized and desirable reliability characteristics. This philosophy is especially important for high reliability systems such as satellites and submarine cables. It is based on the use of very high stresses, both thermal and nonthermal, to eliminate failure modes which are only weakly temperature activated, and to stabilize degradation rates. The technique is called "purging."
Iron-oxygen–based perpendicular magnetic thin films (1987)

Nonstoichiometric FexO1−x and FexMyO1−x−y films, where M is either a nonmagnetic element, e.g., Si, or a magnetic element, e.g., Co, were prepared by sputter deposition. They showed increasing ferromagnetic magnetization with decreasing oxygen concentration below 1−x−y&lt;0.5, and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy which overwhelmed the shape anisotropy of the thin ferromagnetic films in certain composition ranges. The magnetization of perpendicular magnetic films attained more than 500 emu/cm3 with an anisotropy energy of 2×106 erg/cm3. Ferromagnetic amorphous metallic phases precipitated between columnar structure of nonmagnetic oxide phase were considered to be responsible for the ferromagnetism of these films. The perpendicular anisotropy was also interpreted by the internal shape effect arising from fine elongated ferromagnetic phases distributed in a nonmagnetic phase with their long axis perpendicular to the film plane. They had an appropriate coercivity for the perpendicular magnetic recording media with a high resistance against wear and corrosion and a low friction constant.
Identification of microRNA-135b in Stool as a Potential Noninvasive Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma (2014)

Stool-based miR-135b can be used as a noninvasive biomarker for the detection of CRC and advanced adenoma. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2994-3002. ©2014 AACR.
Weekly Vaccination with Copaxone (Glatiramer Acetate) as a Potential Therapy for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2008)

These preliminary results show that Copaxone reduces drusen area.