gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Average Power Thulium-Doped Silica Fiber Lasers: Review of Systems and Concepts (2017)

Thulium-doped fiber lasers (TDFLs) have had the second highest growth in average output power next to ytterbium-doped fiber lasers. This has been enabled by access to high power, high brightness ~790-nm pump diodes in conjunction with the cross-relaxation process that improves laser efficiency. While numerous high power TDFLs have been recently demonstrated, a 1-kW result from 2010 remains the highest output power system reported to date. This paper reviews these systems and the concepts behind high power TDFLs. The spectroscopic properties of Tm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> -doped silica are first detailed, revealing complex processes and large variations among published measurements. Notable multi-100 W TDFLs are then summarized, with outputs ranging from 1908 to 2130 nm. Another route for power scaling is to in-band pump with another TDFL to enable >90% efficiencies. Both 790- and 1900-nm pumped TDFL architectures are theoretically modeled based on currently available systems. Hindered by high background losses and available pump sources, achieving >4 kW like ytterbium-fiber systems will be a substantial challenge.
Balancing User Profile and Social Network Structure for Anchor Link Inferring Across Multiple Online Social Networks (2017)

Along with the popularity of online social network (OSN), more and more OSN users tend to create their accounts in different OSN platforms. Under such circumstances, identifying the same user among different OSNs offers tremendous opportunities for many applications, such as user identification, migration patterns, influence estimation, and expert finding in social media. Different from existing solutions which employ user profile or social network structure alone, in this paper, we proposed a novel joint solution named MapMe, which takes both user profile and social network structure feature into account, so that it can adapt more OSNs with more accurate results. MapMe first calculates user similarity via profile features with the Doc2vec method. Then, it evaluates user similarity by analyzing user's ego network features. Finally, the profile features and ego network features were combined to measure the similarity of the users. Consequently, MapMe balances the two similarity factors to achieve goals in different platforms and scenarios. Finally, experiments are conducted on the synthetic and real data sets, proving that MapMe outperforms the existing methods with 10% on average.
Constituents of bile, bilirubin and TUDCA, protect against oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration (2010)

Two constituents of bile, bilirubin and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), have antioxidant activity. However, bilirubin can also cause damage to some neurons and glial cells, particularly immature neurons. In this study, we tested the effects of bilirubin and TUDCA in two models in which oxidative stress contributes to photoreceptor cell death, prolonged light exposure and rd10+/+ mice. In albino BALB/c mice, intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg of bilirubin or 500 mg/kg of TUDCA prior to exposure to 5000 lux of white light for 8 h significantly reduced loss of rod and cone function assessed by electroretinograms. Both treatments also reduced light-induced accumulation of superoxide radicals in the outer retina, rod cell death assessed by outer nuclear layer thickness, and disruption of cone inner and outer segments. In rd10+/+ mice, intraperitoneal injections of 5 or 50 mg/kg of bilirubin or 500 mg/kg of TUDCA every 3 days starting at postnatal day (P) 6, caused significant preservation of cone cell number and cone function at P50. Rods were not protected at P50, but both bilirubin and TUDCA provided modest preservation of outer nuclear layer thickness and rod function at P30. These data suggest that correlation of serum bilirubin levels with rate of vision loss in patients with retinitis pigmentosa could provide a useful strategy to test the hypothesis that cones die from oxidative damage in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. If proof-of-concept is established, manipulation of bilirubin levels and administration of TUDCA could be tested in interventional trials.
The multiple multiplicative factor model for collaborative filtering (2004)

We describe a class of causal, discrete latent variable models called Multiple Multiplicative Factor models (MMFs). A data vector is represented in the latent space as a vector of factors that have discrete, non-negative expression levels. Each factor proposes a distribution over the data vector. The distinguishing feature of MMFs is that they combine the factors' proposed distributions multiplicatively, taking into account factor expression levels. The product formulation of MMFs allow factors to specialize to a subset of the items, while the causal generative semantics mean MMFs can readily accommodate missing data. This makes MMFs distinct from both directed models with mixture semantics and undirected product models. In this paper we present empirical results from the collaborative filtering domain showing that a binary/multinomial MMF model matches the performance of the best existing models while learning an interesting latent space description of the users.
Combination of fluorescence color and melting temperature as a two-dimensional label for homogeneous multiplex PCR detection (2013)

Multiplex analytical systems that allow detection of multiple nucleic acid targets in one assay can provide rapid characterization of a sample while still saving cost and resources. However, few systems have proven to offer a solution for mid-plex (e.g. 10- to 50-plex) analysis that is high throughput and cost effective. Here we describe the combined use of fluorescence color and melting temperature (Tm) as a virtual 2D label that enables homogenous detection of one order of magnitude more targets than current strategies on real-time polymerase chain reaction platform. The target was first hybridized with a pair of ligation oligonucleotides, one of which harbored an artificial sequence that had a unique Tm when hybridized with a reporter fluorogenic probe. The ligated products were then amplified by a universal primer pair and denatured by a melting curve analysis procedure. The targets were identified by their respective Tm values in the corresponding fluorescence detection channels. The proof-of-principle of this approach was validated by genotyping 15 high-risk human papillomaviruses and 48 human single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The robustness of this method was demonstrated by analyzing a large number of clinical samples in both cases. The combined merits of multiplexity, flexibility and simplicity should make this approach suitable for a variety of applications.
Specific and Stable Fluorescence Labeling of Histidine-Tagged Proteins for Dissecting Multi-Protein Complex Formation (2006)

Labeling of proteins with fluorescent dyes offers powerful means for monitoring protein interactions in vitro and in live cells. Only a few techniques for noncovalent fluorescence labeling with well-defined localization of the attached dye are currently available. Here, we present an efficient method for site-specific and stable noncovalent fluorescence labeling of histidine-tagged proteins. Different fluorophores were conjugated to a chemical recognition unit bearing three NTA moieties (tris-NTA). In contrast to the transient binding of conventional mono-NTA, the multivalent interaction of tris-NTA conjugated fluorophores with oligohistidine-tagged proteins resulted in complex lifetimes of more than an hour. The high selectivity of tris-NTA toward cumulated histidines enabled selective labeling of proteins in cell lysates and on the surface of live cells. Fluorescence labeling by tris-NTA conjugates was applied for the analysis of a ternary protein complex in solution and on surfaces. Formation of the complex and its stoichiometry was studied by analytical size exclusion chromatography and fluorescence quenching. The individual interactions were dissected on solid supports by using simultaneous mass-sensitive and multicolor fluorescence detection. Using these techniques, formation of a 1:1:1 stoichiometry by independent interactions of the receptor subunits with the ligand was shown. The incorporation of transition metal ions into the labeled proteins upon labeling with tris-NTA fluorophore conjugates provided an additional sensitive spectroscopic reporter for detecting and monitoring protein-protein interactions in real time. A broad application of these fluorescence conjugates for protein interaction analysis can be envisaged.
A 63 dB 16 mW 20 MHz BW double-sampled &#x0394;&#x03A3;s analog-to-digital converter with an embedded-adder quantizer (2010)

A wideband ΔΣ ADC using a novel double-sampling scheme with a single set of capacitors and a dynamic embedded-adder quantizer is presented. The proposed quantizer eliminates static currents in the adder of a low-distortion architecture. Fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS process, the prototype chip operates with a 320 MHz sampling frequency and achieves 63 dB SNDR in a 20 MHz signal band while consuming 16 mW power.
Towards a gene expression biomarker set for human biological age (2013)

We have previously described a statistical model capable of distinguishing young (age <65 years) from old (age ≥75 years) individuals. Here we studied the performance of a modified model in three populations and determined whether individuals predicted to be biologically younger than their chronological age had biochemical and functional measures consistent with a younger biological age. Those with 'younger' gene expression patterns demonstrated higher muscle strength and serum albumin, and lower interleukin-6 and blood urea concentrations relative to 'biologically older' individuals (odds ratios 2.09, 1.64, 0.74, 0.74; P = 2.4 × 10(-2) , 3.5 × 10(-4) , 1.8 × 10(-2) , 1.5 × 10(-2) , respectively). We conclude that our expression signature of age is robust across three populations and may have utility for estimation of biological age.
Asymmetrische reduktive Aminierung von Cycloalkanonen 2. Synthese und absolute Konfiguration 2‐substituierter Cyclohexanamine (1984)

Abstract Die asymmetrische Synthese von 2‐substituierten Cyclohexanaminen aus racemischen Cyclohexanonen durch reduktive Aminierung in einem Dreistufenverfahren wird beschrieben. Die aus den Ketonen 5 durch Umsetzung mit den optisch aktiven Hilfsaminen 6 leicht zugänglichen Imine 7 werden mit Raney‐Nickel zu den sekundären Aminen 8 hydriert. Hydrogenolyse über Palladium‐Katalysator führt zu den primären Aminen 9 . Mit Raney‐Nickel gelingt in sehr guten chemischen Ausbeuten die Synthese der diastereomer reinen und hochgradig enantiomer reinen Amine 8 bzw. 9 . Die Enantiomerenreinheit der Amine 9 wird über die diastereomeren Acylamine 10 durch HPLC bestimmt. Die Stereochemie einschließlich der absoluten Konfiguration der Verbindungen 8 und 9 wird durch 1 H‐, 13 C‐NMR, durch CD der Salicylidene 11 und das Röntgenbeugungsspektrum von Amin 9c ermittelt. – Als Reaktionsmechanismus wird eine kinetisch gesteuerte asymmetrische Hydrierung mit vorgelagerter thermodynamischer Transformation über die partiell deuterierte Verbindung 13 nachgewiesen.
Leila Abouzeid's<i>year of the elephant:</i>a post‐colonial reading (1995)

(1995). Leila Abouzeid's year of the elephant: a post‐colonial reading. Women: A Cultural Review: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 67-79.
The 5-HT2C/2B Receptor Agonist m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) Inhibits 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)-Induced Hyperphagia in Rats. (2001)

Effects of the 5-HT2C2/2B receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) on hyperphagia elicited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were investigated in rats. mCPP apparently reduced 2-DG-induced hyperphagia. Suppressive effects of mCPP on hyperphagia induced by 2-DG were inhibited by the 5-HT2A/2B/2C receptor antagonist, ritanserin, although the 5-HT2, receptor antagonist ketanserin was without effect. Thus, inhibitory effects of mCPP on 2-DG-induced hyperphagia are mediated by the 5-HT2C/2B receptor. Our results demonstrate that mCPP can inhibit the bulimia model, 2-DG-induced hyperphagia.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients Receiving Prolonged Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2001)

The levels of early spliced mRNA and genomic RNA of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 14 patients who were receiving highly active combination antiretroviral therapy for > or =116 weeks were determined. The level of viral genomic RNA was below the level of detection in the plasma of these patients (<50 copies/mL), but cell-associated viral tat, rev, and nef mRNA were detected in 86% (12 of 14) of the patients. Cell-associated viral genomic RNA was detected in 57% (8 of 14) of the patients. Early viral spliced mRNA was detected in the PBMC of all patients who had positive results of testing for HIV-1 genomic RNA, and the level of viral genomic RNA in these patients was 34-2214 copies per 10(6) cells.
PCM telephony: reduced architecture for a D/A converter and filter combination (1990)

Large dynamic range and high power-supply rejection ratio (PSRR) are achieved in a pulse-code-modulation (PCM) decoder by using differential circuit techniques and by reducing the number of operational amplifiers on the interpolation filter to four (including the output buffer). This reduction is achieved by: (1) exploiting the sin x/x distortion and using a simple integrating configuration in the digital-to-analog converter; and (2) properly manipulating the signal flowgraph of the filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Punching of flat plates--A question of concrete properties in biaxial compression and size effect (1990)

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Affinity-Driven Design of Cargo-Switching Nanoparticles to Leverage a Cholesterol-Rich Microenvironment for Atherosclerosis Therapy (2020)

Atherosclerotic plaques exhibit high deposition of cholesterol and macrophages. These are not only the main components of the plaques but also key inflammation-triggering sources. However, no existing therapeutics can achieve effective removal of both components within the plaques. Here, we report cargo-switching nanoparticles (CSNP) that are physicochemically designed to bind to cholesterol and release anti-inflammatory drug in the plaque microenvironment. CSNP have a core-shell structure with a core composed of an inclusion complex of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (cyclodextrin) and simvastatin (statin), and a shell of phospholipids. Upon interaction with cholesterol, which has higher affinity to cyclodextrin than statin, CSNP release statin and scavenge cholesterol instead through cargo-switching. CSNP exhibit cholesterol-sensitive multifaceted antiatherogenic functions attributed to statin release and cholesterol depletion <i>in vitro</i>. In mouse models of atherosclerosis, systemically injected CSNP target atherosclerotic plaques and reduce plaque content of cholesterol and macrophages, which synergistically leads to effective prevention of atherogenesis and regression of established plaques. These findings suggest that CSNP provide a therapeutic platform for interfacing with cholesterol-associated inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Highly polarized polymer-based light-emitting diodes fabricated by using very thin photoaligned polyimide layers (2010)

Polarized polymer-based light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) have been fabricated by inserting a very thin photoaligned polyimide film into the device structure. The photoaligned polyimide film was used to form a highly oriented layer of light-emitting polymer, poly (9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO). The polyimide contains azobenzene in the backbone structure, allowing us to control the alignment of its backbone structure by optical treatment. Since the photoalignment treatment is scratch-free, the thickness of the photoaligned film can be reduced below 4 nm without decreasing its alignment ability for PFO. Even though polyimide is a good insulator, such a very thin photoaligned film can be inserted into PLED structures. We examined the influence of the thickness of the photoaligned polyimide film and the light-emitting layer on the polarization ratio and the current efficiency of the polarized PLEDs. Using a 2.9 nm-thick polyimide photoalignment layer and a 101 nm-thick PFO light-emitting layer, we have succeeded in fabricating a polarized PLED with a current efficiency of 0.3 cd/A at 150 cd/m2 and polarization ratios of 46 at 434 nm, 27 at 460 nm, and 20 for integrated intensity from 400 to 600 nm.
1,3,5,7-Tetramethyldecyl formate, lardolure: Aggregation pheromone of the acarid mite, Lardoglyphus konoi (sasa et asanuma) (Acarina: Acaridae). (1982)

From an acarid mite, Lardoglyphus konoi (Sasa et Asanuma) (Acarina: Acaridae), with its culture medium, an aggregation pheromone was isolated. The structure of the pheromone was determined as 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyldecyl formate and identified by 11 steps of organic synthesis. The absolute configuration of C1 was assigned as R. The compound has been assigned the trivial name lardolure. The synthesized diastereomeric mixture of racemates showed one-tenth of the activity of the natural pheromone against the test mite, Carpoglyphus lactis.
Real-time monitoring of the mitophagy process by a photostable fluorescent mitochondrion-specific bioprobe with AIE characteristics (2015)

An isothiocyanate-functionalized tetraphenylethene is synthesized and used as a fluorescent bioprobe for mitochondrion imaging with high specificity and photostability. The covalent conjugation of the bioprobe to mitochondrial proteins endows it with high resistance to microenvironmental changes, enabling it for real-time monitoring of mitophagy.
Calculations of air-guided modes in photonic crystal fibers using the multipole method (2001)

We demonstrate that a combination of multipole and Bloch methods is well suited for calculating the modes of air core photonic crystal fibers. This includes determining the reflective properties of the cladding, which is a prerequisite for the modal calculations. We demonstrate that in the presence of absorption, the modal losses can be substantially smaller than in the corresponding bulk medium.
Realization of the imaging-auto-focus on the APRC using splicing- CCD (2011)

It is difficult to deal with the auto-focus of aerial push-broom remote sensing camera (APRC) based on image processing. First of all, this paper recommended the Splicing structure of CCD in the APRC Based on this, auto-focus method which is made use of the overlapping area of CCD mosaic structure was proposed, combined with the characteristic of the imaging mode. After analyzing of experiments about all kinds of focus-examine functions based on image processing, the gradient square function has been chosen. The experimental results show that the proposed auto-focus method for the APRC is proved to be feasible and real-time.
Sr content dependence of ferroelectric properties in srbi<sub>2</sub>ta<sub>2</sub>o<sub>9</sub> thin films (1997)

Abstract The effects of Sr deficiency to the ferroelectric properties and microstructure of SBT thin films prepared at 700 or 800 °C were investigated. The maximum 2Pr was obtained at Sr deficiency of 20% for both prepared at 700 °C and 800 °C. We obtained 12.5 μC/cm2 of 2Pr for the films with 20% Sr deficiency prepared at 700 °C. Films with 20% Sr deficiency showed the most serious polarization fatigue for films prepared at 800°C while capacitors prepared at 700 °C were in breakdown at around 106–107 cycles. XRD analysis revealed that the film orientation changed with Sr deficiency and that formation of a 2nd phase was enhanced by Sr deficiency. Both the orientation change and the 2nd phase were thought to be the origin of 2Pr decrease in the range from 20% to 60% Sr deficiency. The grain growth suppression and the void generation of the stoichiometric films were remarkably improved with decrease in Sr content from 1.0 to 0.8. This would contribute to the 2Pr increase with decrease in Sr content in the range from 1.0 to 0.8. The fatigue properties dependent on Sr content were explained by the Sr defect density in the SBT crystallites.
Cardiovascular Adverse Drug Reaction Associated with Combined β-Adrenergic and Calcium Entry-Blocking Agents (2000)

Numerous studies have shown a beneficial effect of combination therapy with beta-blockers and calcium antagonists in patients with anginal syndrome and/or hypertension. However, because both agents exert a negative chronotropic effect, their combined use may cause bradyarrhythmias with resultant symptoms of cerebral, coronary, and systemic hypoperfusion. We describe our clinical experience with patients who had cardiovascular adverse drug reactions (CVADRs) with combination therapy. This prospective study included 26 patients who had CVADRs among 2,574 admissions during a 2-year period. The study group included 14 men and 12 women with a median age of 73 years. Various combinations of calcium antagonists and beta-blockers were associated with the CVADRs. The most frequent pharmacologic combination was diltiazem plus propranolol. The CVADRs were the cause for hospital admission in 10 patients, an associated cause in nine patients, and developed during hospitalization in seven patients. Cardiac bradyarrhythmias were found in 22 patients. These rhythm abnormalities resolved within 24 h after discontinuation of the offending drugs. Temporary transvenous pacemaker insertion was necessary in only one patient with complete atrioventricular block. Twenty-two patients recovered, two patients died of pump failure not associated with CVADRs, and in two patients, the CVADRs contributed to the patients' death. CVADRs are not uncommon in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease and/or hypertension treated with the concomitant use of calcium antagonist and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Use of calcium antagonist plus beta-blocker may unpredictably cause serious hemodynamic events, marked suppression of sinus node activity, and prolongation of atrioventricular conduction in some patients. Enhanced therapeutic monitoring may be warranted when calcium antagonists are combined with beta-blockers.
Optimal Equivalent Fuel Consumption for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2011)

In this brief, we show that using Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) can be a good alternative which achieves near-optimal solutions when the future driving schedule can be known in real-time. The control concept can be solved forward in time when a constant costate value is decided. The constant costate can be interpreted as an equivalent ratio linking fuel usage and electric energy consumption. If the fuel economy is the only objective function to minimize, the control concept based on PMP is near global optimal when the final is close to a desired value. In this brief, a method to calculate the proper costate to sustain the within a reasonable range is suggested. In this method, two parameters, and , which depend on the driving patterns, are used to link the driving cycle to the optimal costate. Simulation results show that we can achieve near optimal control, in which 86% of final values stay within 4% of the desired final value for tested city driving schedules.