gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial Production of C<sub>3</sub>- and C<sub>4</sub>-Hydrocarbons under Aerobic Conditions (1984)

Journal Article Microbial Production of C3- and C4-Hydrocarbons under Aerobic Conditions Get access Hideo Fukuda, Hideo Fukuda Department of Applied Microbial Technology, The Kumamoto Institute of Technology, Ike da 4–22–1, Kumamoto 860, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takao Fujii, Takao Fujii Department of Applied Microbial Technology, The Kumamoto Institute of Technology, Ike da 4–22–1, Kumamoto 860, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takahira Ogawa Takahira Ogawa Department of Applied Microbial Technology, The Kumamoto Institute of Technology, Ike da 4–22–1, Kumamoto 860, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 48, Issue 6, 1 June 1984, Pages 1679–1682, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1984.10866382 Published: 01 June 1984 Article history Received: 06 January 1984 Published: 01 June 1984
Transformation of Eggplant with Synthetic cryIIIA Gene Produces a High Level of Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (1998)

A population of 300 putative transgenic eggplants ( Solanum melongena L.) carrying the syn cryIIIA gene was produced and tested for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle [CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)]. Toxicity tests in planta and in vitro demonstrated that 69% of the transformed plants were resistant to neonate larvae and adult CPB. Transgenicity of the plants was confirmed by studies of GUS expression and Southern and northern analysis. Primary transformants, having a single insert of the construct, upon selfing, produced progenies cosegregating for the uidA and syn cryIIIA genes at the expected 3:1 ratios with a few exceptions in which only one of the genes was expressed. The latter was attributed to the gene silencing phenomenon. The segregating resistant R 1 seedlings showed the same level of resistance as the parental genotypes in growth chamber tests and under field conditions. One genotype carrying two copies of the construct, upon selfing, segregated at a 15:1 ratio for GUS expression and resistance to CPB, while Southern analysis revealed a 9:3:3:1 genotypic segregation ratio for individual copies of the construct.
Experimental Study of Gyro Sensor Using Double-Ended Tuning Fork Quartz Resonator (2004)

In this study, we focus on a flatly supported gyro sensor using a double-ended tuning fork quartz resonator set in parallel with the rotating plane. The resonator has the advantages of flat form, high precision and strong shock resistance; moreover, fundamentally, the resonator is able to detect two-axial angular velocities. We clarified the features of the resonator by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the resonator as a gyro sensor. The resonator was designed to have high detection efficiency, applying the vibration theory and using the finite element method. The resonator was finely fabricated by photolithography and wet etching. As a result, the resonators, without any problem as a gyro sensor, have been fabricated; we also confirmed experimentally that the practical angular velocity could be detected by the prototype gyro sensor. Consequently, we can conclude that the double-ended tuning fork quartz resonator could be used as the flatly supported gyro sensor.
Multiple OS rotational environment an implemented Moving Target Defense (2014)

Cyber-attacks continue to pose a major threat to existing critical infrastructure. Although suggestions for defensive strategies abound, Moving Target Defense (MTD) has only recently gained attention as a possible solution for mitigating cyber-attacks. The current work proposes a MTD technique that provides enhanced security through a rotation of multiple operating systems. The MTD solution developed in this research utilizes existing technology to provide a feasible dynamic defense solution that can be deployed easily in a real networking environment. In addition, the system we developed was tested extensively for effectiveness using CORE Impact Pro (CORE), Nmap, and manual penetration tests. The test results showed that platform diversity and rotation offer improved security. In addition, the likelihood of a successful attack decreased proportionally with time between rotations.
Natural variation and functional analyses provide evidence for co‐evolution between plant eIF4E and potyviral VPg (2008)

Amino acid substitutions in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) result in recessive resistance to potyviruses in a range of plant species, including Capsicum spp. Correspondingly, amino acid changes in the central part of the viral genome-linked protein (VPg) are responsible for the potyvirus's ability to overcome eIF4E-mediated resistance. A key observation was that physical interaction between eIF4E and the VPg is required for viral infection, and eIF4E mutations that cause resistance prevent VPg binding and inhibit the viral cycle. In this study, polymorphism analysis of the pvr2-eIF4E coding sequence in a worldwide sample of 25 C. annuum accessions identified 10 allelic variants with exclusively non-synonymous variations clustered in two surface loops of eIF4E. Resistance and genetic complementation assays demonstrated that pvr2 variants, each with signature amino acid changes, corresponded to potyvirus resistance alleles. Systematic analysis of the interactions between eIF4E proteins encoded by the 10 pvr2 alleles and VPgs of virulent and avirulent potato virus Y (PVY) and tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains demonstrated that resistance phenotypes arose from disruption of the interaction between eIF4E and VPg, and that viral adaptation to eIF4E-mediated resistance resulted from restored interaction with the resistance protein. Complementation of an eIF4E knockout yeast strain by C. annuum eIF4E proteins further shows that amino acid changes did not impede essential eIF4E functions. Altogether, these results argue in favour of a co-evolutionary 'arms race' between Capsicum eIF4E and potyviral VPg.
Transforming signals with chaotic synchronization (1996)

We introduce a general technique to alter the properties of chaotic signals used with coupled chaotic systems. The changes we introduce allow one to vary the synchronization properties of synchronized chaotic circuits, synchronize chaotic systems that do not otherwise synchronize, vary the spectral properties of chaotic signals, and produce a variety of chaotic signals from one chaotic circuit. The transformations we study could potentially aid designers of synchronous chaotic circuits, as it is far easier to design new transformations than to design new chaotic circuits. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Divalent Europium‐Activated Barium Magnesium Silicate Phosphors: Improvement and Characterization (1990)

Divalent europium‐activated barium magnesium silicate phosphor has been significantly improved by either refiring or rewashing. The greatest improvement was obtained when the phosphor was refired with flux and rewashed with . This reprocessing resulted in a fluorescent lamp of higher maintenance and a lamp output of 100h, twice that of the original phosphor. Surface characterization of treated phosphors using ESCA indicated a dramatic change in the surface chemistry as a result of reprocessing. A strong correlation between phosphor surface composition and lamp performance was observed.
Fumaric Acid as an Adhesion Promoter in Rayon/Nylon Composite Fibers (1993)

Rayon/nylon skin/core composite fibers with enhanced adhesion were produced using a wire coating process. After spin finish removal by water washing, the nylon core fibers were pretreated with fumaric acid ( FA ) as an adhesion promoter and then coated with viscose rayon. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the chemical bonds formed between FA and both rayon and nylon. The results indicate that carboxyl groups of FA reacted with amine end groups of nylon, forming amide bonds. Other carboxyl ends of FA reacted with hydroxyl groups of rayon, forming ester bonds. Due to the formation of these bonds, the interfacial adhesion in the composite fibers significantly improved under specific sets of application conditions.
Switched Gain - A Technique for Simplifying Ultrasonic Measurement of Cardiac Wall Thickness (1975)

Pulse-echo ultrasound, a valuable tool for noninvasive cardiac examination, has been used extensively to determine left ventricular volume and wall thickness. It is often difficult, however, to visualize simultaneously the endocardial and epicardial surfaces of the left ventricular posterior wall because of dynamic range and grey scale limitations. Although the signal reflected at the epicardial-lung interface is much stronger than the signal from surrounding myocardium and lung, it is often obliterated when the receiver gain is increased sufficiently to record the endocardial echo. We have developed a switched gain technique which allows both wall surfaces to be visualized in real time. An oscillator rapidly switches the receiver gain between two levels that are independently set to display the two wall surfaces; thus, echograms are generated with high and low gain portions closely mixed. The endocardial surface is seen best at high gain; the epicardial surface at lower amplification.
Extracellular Alkaline Amylase from a <i>Bacillus</i> Species (1972)

A selective medium was used to isolate a bacterium ( Bacillus species NRRL B-3881) that produced extracellular alkaline amylase in an alkaline medium ( p H 9.5). Maximal enzyme yield was obtained in an aerated medium after 21 hr at 36 C. The enzyme was purified 18-fold by ultrafiltration and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Three active isoenzymes (one major and two minor) of alkaline amylase were detected by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The enzyme was only 12% inactivated by 20 m m ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid after 1 hr at p H 9.2 and 32 C. The optimal temperature was 50 C at p H 9.2, and the optimal p H was 9.2 at 50 C. The enzyme was stable between p H 7.5 and 10. It had an endomechanism of substrate encounter. The products produced from amylose and amylopectin had the β-configuration. Cyclomaltoheptaose was hydrolyzed to maltotriose, maltose, and glucose. The main final product produced from amylose and amylopectin was β-maltose; the other final products were maltotriose and small quantities of glucose and maltotetraose. The predominant product at early stages of hydrolysis was maltotetraose; other products were maltose through maltonanaose.
Applications of the Voice Prosthesis during Laryngectomy (1989)

With the recent introduction of the voice prosthesis for alaryngeal speech rehabilitation, its application in the early postlaryngectomy period is gaining acceptance. One hundred twenty-eight patients received a tracheoesophageal puncture and adjunctive pharyngeal constrictor relaxation during laryngectomy. The voice prosthesis was applied as early as 10 days after surgery, and the results of a 9-year experience are presented. Eighty percent of the population achieved a durable voice, and the complications were infrequent. The results support the primary use of tracheoesophageal phonation as a relatively safe and reliable alternative to total laryngectomy alone.
Data hiding watermarking for halftone images (2002)

In many printer and publishing applications, it is desirable to embed data in halftone images. We proposed some novel data hiding methods for halftone images. For the situation in which only the halftone image is available, we propose data hiding smart pair toggling (DHSPT) to hide data by forced complementary toggling at pseudo-random locations within a halftone image. The complementary pixels are chosen to minimize the chance of forming visually undesirable clusters. Our experimental results suggest that DHSPT can hide a large amount of hidden data while maintaining good visual quality. For the situation in which the original multitone image is available and the halftoning method is error diffusion, we propose the modified data hiding error diffusion (MDHED) that integrates the data hiding operation into the error diffusion process. In MDHED, the error due to the data hiding is diffused effectively to both past and future pixels. Our experimental results suggest that MDHED can give better visual quality than DHSPT. Both DHSPT and MDHED are computationally inexpensive.
Enhancing the performance of subband audio coders for speech signals (1998)

Transform or subband audio coders can deliver high quality reconstruction at rates around two bits per sample. Most quantization strategies take into account masking properties of the human ear to make the quantization noise less noticeable. In this paper we describe a new coder in which we extend such quantization strategies by incorporating run-length and arithmetic encoders. They lead to improved performance for quasi-periodic signals, including speech. The quantization tables are computed from only a few parameters, allowing for a high degree of adaptability without increasing quantization table storage. To improve the performance for transient signals, the coder uses a nonuniform modulated lapped biorthogonal transform with variable resolution without input window switching. Experimental results show that the coder can be used for good quality signal reproduction at rates close to one bit per sample, and quasi-transparent reproduction at two bits per sample.
Antireflection coating design for plastic optics (2002)

The coating of plastics for optical applications is intended to improve the mechanical durability of soft polymers and to serve an antireflection function. Usually a classic four-layer antireflection system is added on top of a single-layer hard coating. With needle optimization, an alternative coating design has been developed. The design is characterized by thin high-refractive-index layers that are almost evenly distributed over the whole stack. Plasma ion-assisted deposition was used to deposit coatings upon poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and cyclo-olefin copolymer. Uniform antireflection and high scratch resistance have been achieved.
High Precision Density Measurement with Coriolis Mass Owmeters (2006)

Today Coriolis meters offer the best performance in mass flow measurement. For those applications, where accuracy, low pressure drop and good cleanability is needed, the single straight tube is the best alternative. The tubes oscillate in resonance and the resonance frequency provides information about fluid's density, which is besides mass flow also an important parameter for quality and process control. A shortcoming of Coriolis mass flowmeters for density measurement is the lack of a sophisticated compensation method taking into account the dependency of the resonance frequency on temperature, flowrate, pressure, viscosity etc. In fact several heuristic methods are in use to achieve good solutions to correct the density readings. However, these methods are complex, device specific and expensive. In this paper, a method is presented to overcome these drawbacks. It is based on a dynamic model of the mass flowmeter and allows for parameter identification of the measuring tube during operation. To be more specific, the effective spring constant of the oscillating tube is detected online. Using this result, the vibrating mass and subsequently the density of the fluid are calculated taking into account the resonance frequency
Electrorefining process and apparatus (1989)

The patent describes an electrorefining process and apparatus for the recovery of uranium and a mixture of uranium and plutonium from spent fuel using an electrolytic cell having a lower molten cadmium pool containing spent nuclear fuel, an intermediate electrolyte pool, an anode basket containing spent fuel, and two cathodes, the first cathode composed of either a solid alloy or molten cadmium and the second cathode composed of molten cadmium. Using this cell, additional amounts of uranium and plutonium from the anode basket are dissolved in the lower molten cadmium pool, and then substantially pure uranium is electrolytically transported and deposited on the first alloy or molten cadmium cathode. Subsequently, a mixture of uranium and plutonium is electrotransported and deposited on the second molten cadmium cathode.
Improved Atomizer Resists Clogging (1983)

Improved constant-output atomizer has conical orifice that permits air to sweep out all liquid thoroughly and prevent any buildup of liquid or dissolved solids. Capillary groove guides liquid to gas jet. Simple new design eliminates clogging.
Dynamics of microfluidic droplets (2010)

This critical review discusses the current understanding of the formation, transport, and merging of drops in microfluidics. We focus on the physical ingredients which determine the flow of drops in microchannels and recall classical results of fluid dynamics which help explain the observed behaviour. We begin by introducing the main physical ingredients that differentiate droplet microfluidics from single-phase microfluidics, namely the modifications to the flow and pressure fields that are introduced by the presence of interfacial tension. Then three practical aspects are studied in detail: (i) The formation of drops and the dominant interactions depending on the geometry in which they are formed. (ii) The transport of drops, namely the evaluation of drop velocity, the pressure-velocity relationships, and the flow field induced by the presence of the drop. (iii) The fusion of two drops, including different methods of bridging the liquid film between them which enables their merging.
Room Temperature Synthesis of the Larger Power, High Silver Density Cathode Material Ag<sub>4</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>F<sub>2</sub> for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (2009)

New cathode materials will lead to technological advances for implantable cardioverter defibrillators, ICDs, such as reduced size and increased performance of the device. While the industry standard silver vanadium oxide Ag2V4O11 exhibits great chemical/electrochemical stability, dense silver oxide fluoride materials are advantageous because of high crystal density that can result in an increased capacity above 3 V. This report highlights the reactivity at room temperature between Ag2O and V2O5 in an aqueous HF solution which affords a rapid precipitation of sub-micrometer sized Ag4V2O6F2 (SVOF), a high capacity Li-battery cathode material. This system opens new and novel synthetic strategies in the design of new oxide fluoride materials.
ACE GENE POLYMORPHISM AND EXERCISE TRAINING-INDUCED CHANGES IN SODIUM EXCRETION IN AFRICAN AMERICAN HYPERTENSIVES (2001)

We sought to determine whether the changes in urinary NA+ excretion in response to shortterm exercise training were associated with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism. Subjects (n = 13; age 51 ± 8 yrs) were obese (body fat > 35%), sedentary (VO2max 21.8 ± 4.8 ml/kg/min), hypertensive (BP 143 ± 3 / 91 ± 2 mmHg) male and female African Americans. The insertion/deletion ACE gene (II, n = 5; ID, n = 4; DD, n = 4) polymorphism was determined using standard PCR procedures. Exercise consisted of 7 consecutive days of treadmill walking and stationary cycling for 50 min/d at 65% of heart rate reserve. Na+ excretion was determined by 24-hour urine collection at baseline and beginning 14–18 hours after the last exercise session. Subjects consumed diets identical in macronutrient and Na+ content during the testing periods. Baseline Na+ excretion, fasting insulin and glucose levels, percent body fat, VO2max, and casual mean blood pressure (MBP) were similar in the ACE genotype groups. After seven days of exercise training, Na+ excretion was significantly increased in the II (119 ± 26 vs 186 ± 42 mmol/d, p = 0.03), ID (102 ± 16 vs 125 ± 13 mmol/d, p = 0.043), and DD (138 ± 11 vs 160 ± 12 mmol/d, p = 0.024) genotype groups. The increase in Na+ excretion in response to short-term exercise training tended to be higher in the II (57%) genotype group compared to the ID (23%) and DD (16%) genotype groups (p = 0.079). Fasting insulin levels were significantly decreased in the II (8 ± 1 vs 5 ± 1 uU/ml, p = 0.018) genotype group but not in the ID (10 ± 3 vs 6 ± 1 uU/ml, p = 0.134) and DD (12 ± 3 vs 11 ± 3 uU/ml, p = 0.608) genotype groups. MBP was significantly reduced only in the DD genotype group (113 ± 1 vs 110 ± 2 mmHg, p = 0.016). These preliminary results suggest that the ACE gene polymorphism is associated with short-term exercise training-induced Na+ excretion and this effect may be related to changes in fasting insulin levels. Supported by NIH NCRR/GCRC 01RR00056, NIA AG 12781, and NHLBI HL54526
Efficient Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones with <i>Daucus carota</i> Root (2002)

A novel and efficient reduction of various prochiral ketones such as acetopehones, alpha-azido aryl ketones, beta-ketoesters, and aliphatic acyclic and cyclic ketones to the corresponding optically acive secondary alcohols with moderate to excellent chemical yield was achieved by using Daucus carota, root plant cells under extremely mild and environmentally benign conditions in aqueous medium, has been described. Many of these optically active alcohols are the potential chiral building blocks for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules and asymmetric chiral ligands. Hence, this biocatalytic approach is found to be the most suitable for the preparation of a wide range of chiral alcohols and gave inspiration for the development of a new biotechnological process.
Investigation of the effect of irradiance and pulse duration in industrial percussion laser-drilling of Waspaloy (2011)

As the use of pulsed lasers in the manufacture of cooling holes in high-temperature gas-turbine engine components continues to increase, understanding the material behavior during laser-material interaction and the subsequent effects on hole quality becomes critical. In this study, atomic emission spectroscopy is used to monitor the optical characteristics of ejected material during percussion laser-drilling of Waspaloy over irradiance and pulse duration values in the ranges of 10–20 MW/cm2 and 0.3–1.1 ms, respectively. While irradiance is a widely used target parameter, it was experimentally determined that pulse duration had a larger impact on both the calculated electron temperature of the ejected material as well as on the thickness of residual resolidified, or recast, layer of material on the inside walls of drilled holes.
Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutants in Singapore patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus carriers negative for HBsAg but positive for anti‐HBs and anti‐HBc (2002)

The existence of a more complex antigenic structure of HBsAg is indicated by the decreased reactivity to detection of mutations, some of which are outside the a-determinant, escape vaccination and may persist in seronegative patients. The high proportion of HBsAg mutants that are integrated in HCC genomes suggests a role of these mutants in hepatocarcinogenesis, possibly leading to mutant HBV-related HCC.