gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An N-terminal domain of the Sendai paramyxovirus P protein acts as a chaperone for the NP protein during the nascent chain assembly step of genome replication (1995)

Two domains involved in RNA synthesis have recently been found within the N-terminal 77 amino acids of the Sendai virus P protein. One domain is required for RNA synthesis per se and has properties in common with the transactivation domains of cellular transcription factors. The second domain is thought to be specifically required for the nascent chain assembly step in genome replication. We have further mapped this second domain by the construction of chimeric and deleted P proteins to amino acids 33 to 41 of P and by examining the abilities of these P proteins to support DI genome replication in vivo. Using glycerol gradient sedimentation, we have shown that this domain is required to form a stable complex with unassembled NP (P-NP0) and to prevent NP from assembling illegitimately, i.e., independently of the concurrent assembly of a nascent viral genome. Since the P-NP0 complex represents the functional form of unassembled NP which is delivered to the nascent chain during genome replication, and since amino acids 33 to 41 are not required for the stable interaction of P with the assembled NP of the nucleocapsid, this chaperone function of P is not required for mRNA synthesis or the RNA synthesis step of genome replication.
On-Site Determination and Monitoring of Real-Time Fluence Delivery for an Operating UV Reactor Based on a True Fluence Rate Detector (2017)

At present, on-site fluence (distribution) determination and monitoring of an operating UV system represent a considerable challenge. The recently developed microfluorescent silica detector (MFSD) is able to measure the approximate true fluence rate (FR) at a fixed position in a UV reactor that can be compared with a FR model directly. Hence it has provided a connection between model calculation and real-time fluence determination. In this study, an on-site determination and monitoring method of fluence delivery for an operating UV reactor was developed. True FR detectors, a UV transmittance (UVT) meter, and a flow rate meter were used for fundamental measurements. The fluence distribution, as well as reduction equivalent fluence (REF), 10th percentile dose in the UV fluence distribution (F<sub>10</sub>), minimum fluence (F<sub>min</sub>), and mean fluence (F<sub>mean</sub>) of a test reactor, was calculated in advance by the combined use of computational fluid dynamics and FR field modeling. A field test was carried out on the test reactor for disinfection of a secondary water supply. The estimated real-time REF, F<sub>10</sub>, F<sub>min</sub>, and F<sub>mean</sub> decreased 73.6%, 71.4%, 69.6%, and 72.9%, respectively, during a 6-month period, which was attributable to lamp output attenuation and sleeve fouling. The results were analyzed with synchronous data from a previously developed triparameter UV monitoring system and water temperature sensor. This study allowed demonstration of an accurate method for on-site, real-time fluence determination which could be used to enhance the security and public confidence of UV-based water treatment processes.
Hepatitis C virus infection diagnosis using metabonomics (2010)

Metabonomics based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can reveal the profile of endogenous metabolites of low molecular weight in biofluids related to disease. The profile is identified a 'metabolic fingerprint' like from the pathological process, why this metabonomics has been used as a diagnostic method. The aim of the present study was to apply metabonomics to identify patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) through an analysis of ¹H NMR spectra of urine samples associated with multivariate statistical methods. A pilot study was carried out for the diagnostic test evaluation, involving two groups: (i) 34 patients positive for anti-HCV and HCV-RNA and negative for anti-HBc (disease group); and (ii) 32 individuals positive for anti-HBc and negative for HBsAg and anti-HCV. The urine samples were analyzed through ¹H NMR, applying principal component analysis and discriminant analysis for classification. The metabonomics model was capable of identifying 32 of the 34 patients in the disease group as positive and 31 of the 32 individuals in the control group as negative, demonstrating 94% sensitivity and specificity of 97% as well as positive and negative predictive values of 97% and 94%, respectively, and 95% accuracy (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the metabonomics model based on ¹H NMR spectra of urine samples in this preliminary study discriminated patients with HCV infection with high sensitivity and specificity, thereby demonstrating this model to be a potential tool for use in medical practice in the near future.
Robust Recovery of Subspace Structures by Low-Rank Representation (2012)

In this paper, we address the subspace clustering problem. Given a set of data samples (vectors) approximately drawn from a union of multiple subspaces, our goal is to cluster the samples into their respective subspaces and remove possible outliers as well. To this end, we propose a novel objective function named Low-Rank Representation (LRR), which seeks the lowest rank representation among all the candidates that can represent the data samples as linear combinations of the bases in a given dictionary. It is shown that the convex program associated with LRR solves the subspace clustering problem in the following sense: When the data is clean, we prove that LRR exactly recovers the true subspace structures; when the data are contaminated by outliers, we prove that under certain conditions LRR can exactly recover the row space of the original data and detect the outlier as well; for data corrupted by arbitrary sparse errors, LRR can also approximately recover the row space with theoretical guarantees. Since the subspace membership is provably determined by the row space, these further imply that LRR can perform robust subspace clustering and error correction in an efficient and effective way.
Casino Accounting and Financial Management (1988)

This gaming industry text provides a broad overview of major casino accounting and management practices and covers the most vital considerations with which accountants or attorneys would want to be familiar.
Characterization of the products of the U(L)43 gene of herpes simplex virus 1: potential implications for regulation of gene expression by antisense transcription (1996)

The products, RNA or proteins, of the herpes simplex virus 1 open reading frame U(L)43 have not been previously identified. The expression of an open reading frame antisense to U(L)43, U(L)43.5 (P. L. Ward, D. E. Barker, and B. Roizman, J. Virol. 70:2684-2690, 1996), has been reported. We report the existence of a transcript corresponding to the domain of the U(L)43 open reading frame extending approximately 30 bp from the predicted TATA box to the predicted polyadenylation signal. The RNA of the U(L)43 open reading frame accumulates to higher levels in the presence of phosphonoacetic acid, an inhibitor of viral DNA synthesis, than in its absence, whereas the U(L)43.5 transcript accumulates in larger amounts in the absence of phosphonoacetic acid. The open reading frame tagged with a sequence encoding a 20-amino-acid epitope yielded a protein with an apparent Mr of 32,000, i.e., considerably lower than that predicted from the size of the open reading frame. The discovery of a pair of antisense genes expressed during productive infection raises the possibilities that additional antisense genes exist and that the antisense arrangement provides still another mechanism for regulation of gene expression.
Analgesia with epidural calcitonin in cancer patients. (1989)

We evaluated the analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin (sCT) on 14 patients with intractable cancer pain. The drug was administered by epidural infusion (4-8 bolus administrations in 48 h); the dosage was 100 IU/48 h in 5 patients and 400 IU/48 h in 9 patients. Significant, although limited, pain relief and nocturnal pain relief were obtained; the requirement for conventional analgesic drugs was substantially reduced. The treatment was well tolerated and no side effect was recorded. However, only in 3/14 patients did pain relief result in improvement of mobility, with two patients becoming able to ambulate; no patient experienced absence of pain. In general, the treatment produced only limited benefit and subsequent morphine treatment was required in all instances. Widespread use of epidural sCT in intractable cancer pain is not justified as a routine procedure and more substantial evidence is required to support the clinical utility of such an approach.
Recognizing Activities from Mobile Sensor Data: Challenges and Opportunities (2014)

Mobile sensing data is frequently used to infer a user’s current activity. We argue that while past research on activity recognition has had some notable successes, there are a number of challenges that the community needs to tackle. In particular, establishing an agreed on set of activities would help ensure researchers are collecting and labeling ground truth data in a standard way, make it easier to share data, and compare different recognition algorithms. We also believe it is time to stop focusing primarily on classification accuracy as a measure of success, because the use of the activity recognition results determines the relative importance of accuracy compared to other factors such as computation speed or energy required. Author Keywords Activity recognition, mobile devices.
Sensory-motor cortices shape functional connectivity dynamics in the human brain (2021)

Large-scale biophysical circuit models provide mechanistic insights into the micro-scale and macro-scale properties of brain organization that shape complex patterns of spontaneous brain activity. We developed a spatially heterogeneous large-scale dynamical circuit model that allowed for variation in local synaptic properties across the human cortex. Here we show that parameterizing local circuit properties with both anatomical and functional gradients generates more realistic static and dynamic resting-state functional connectivity (FC). Furthermore, empirical and simulated FC dynamics demonstrates remarkably similar sharp transitions in FC patterns, suggesting the existence of multiple attractors. Time-varying regional fMRI amplitude may track multi-stability in FC dynamics. Causal manipulation of the large-scale circuit model suggests that sensory-motor regions are a driver of FC dynamics. Finally, the spatial distribution of sensory-motor drivers matches the principal gradient of gene expression that encompasses certain interneuron classes, suggesting that heterogeneity in excitation-inhibition balance might shape multi-stability in FC dynamics.
Heparin‐modified dendrimer crosslinked collagen matrices for the delivery of heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor (2012)

A tissue engineered corneal equivalent (TECEs) requires host integration to achieve adequate anchorage and long-term device stability. Corneal integration through epithelialization and stromal integration can be manipulated by growth factors. We investigated the potential of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) for mediating interactions with human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) and compared its efficacy to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in vitro. Furthermore, we utilized heparinized dendrimer crosslinked collagen gels, intended for use as TECE, for delivery of HB-EGF in a sustained manner. HCEC were exposed to HB-EGF at varying concentrations between 0.1 and 1000 ng/mL. Cell proliferation increased with growth factor concentration up to a concentration of 50 ng/mL, suggesting growth factor receptor down-regulation at higher HB-EGF concentrations. Response to HB-EGF was comparable to EGF at low concentrations of 0.1 and 1 ng/mL but at a concentration of 10 ng/mL, HB-EGF induced significantly better proliferation than EGF. Proliferation was found to be dependent on the initial seeding density. Heparinized dendrimer crosslinked collagen (CHG) gels were capable of HB-EGF uptake, which was influenced by heparin concentration within the gel, growth factor concentration and exposure time to the growth factor. HB-EGF release followed first order kinetics, with ∼90% of the growth factor released after 2 weeks. Growth factor stability was verified with in vitro HCEC culture studies. Bioavailability was maintained in the gels through heparin interaction. Overall, HB-EGF induced proliferation of HCEC in vitro and can be released from heparinized collagen gels making it potentially suitable for promoting epithelialization of TECEs.
Choroidal Neovascularization Associated With Choroidal Hemangiomas (1992)

Two patients with choroidal hemangiomas developed choroidal neovascularization. One patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome, a unilateral diffuse choroidal hemangioma, and a serous detachment of the macula was treated with yellow dye laser photocoagulation in a grid pattern to the tumor before glaucoma filtration surgery. Four years after successful laser treatment, the patient developed subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in an area of treatment. A second patient with a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma developed spontaneous subfoveal choroidal neovascularization 12 years after initial diagnosis of the hemangioma. The development of choroidal neovascularization associated with choroidal hemangiomas represents a potential cause of poor visual outcome in these patients.
The Direct Patterning of Nanoporous Interlayer Dielectric Insulator Films by Nanoimprint Lithography (2007)

Nanoscale parallel line-space patterns are imprinted into a spin-on organosilicate thin film that contains a second phase pore generating material (porogen). Imprints are converted into nanoporous low-dielectric patterns by vitrification at 430 °C where the porogen is volatilized and creates nanoscale pores (2.2 nm) in the vitrified organosilicate network (see figure). The results are well-defined, high-modulus, nanoporous patterns with an estimated dielectric constant of k∼2.4.
Numerical Modeling and Optimization of Mid-Infrared Fluoride Glass Raman Fiber Lasers Pumped by $\hbox{Tm}^{3+}$-Doped Fiber Laser (2013)

Numerical modeling of multiorder cascaded fluoride glass Raman fiber laser (RFL) employing fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is presented. Calculations were compared with the recently reported results, and good agreement was achieved. The model was also used to optimize a fourth-order fluoride glass RFL pumped at 1.9 , which can generate a mid-infrared emission up to 3.36. The influences of launched pump power, fiber length, output coupling, fiber background loss, and insertion loss of FBG on laser performance were investigated. The fiber length of 53.1-85.5 m and reflectivity of output coupler of 0.34-0.51 were recommended to obtain a relative large output power. The calculated maximum output power of 2.96 W with slope efficiency of 19.2% and threshold of 24.7 W was obtained at launched pump power of 40 W. In addition, the strong effects of fiber background loss and insertion losses of FBGs on laser output performance emphasized the importance of development of high quality fiber and fluoride FBG writing technique.
Monomers for Adhesive Polymers, 3. Synthesis, Radical Polymerization and Adhesive Properties of Hydrolytically Stable Phosphonic Acid Monomers (2001)

2-(Dihydroxyphosphoryl)ethyloxy-α-methyl-substituted methacrylic acids were synthesized by hydrolyzing ethyl 2-[4-(dihydroxyphosphoryl)-2-oxa-butyl]-acrylate. Methacrylonitrilo- or N,N-diethylmethacrylamido-phosphonic acids were obtained by ether formation of α-chloromethacrylonitrile with hydroxyalkyl phosphonates or aminolysis of 2-[4-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-2-oxa-butyl]acrylic acid and subsequent hydrolysis to produce the corresponding phosphonic acid. The structure of the new monomers was characterized by IR and by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The monomers dissolve well in water and are hydrolytically stable. They demonstrate a different behavior during radical polymerization in water with 2,2′-azo(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AMPAHC). This behavior may be attributed to the different reactivity of the starting radicals. Furthermore, adhesive properties of the phosphonic acid monomers were measured.
In Situ Biosensing with a Surface Plasmon Resonance Fiber Grating Aptasensor (2011)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors prepared using optical fibers can be used as a cost-effective and relatively simple-to-implement alternative to well established biosensor platforms for monitoring biomolecular interactions in situ or possibly in vivo. The fiber biosensor presented in this study utilizes an in-fiber tilted Bragg grating to excite the SPR on the surface of the sensor over a large range of external medium refractive indices, with minimal cross-sensitivity to temperature and without compromising the structural integrity of the fiber. The label-free biorecognition scheme used demonstrates that the sensor relies on the functionalization of the gold-coated fiber with aptamers, synthetic DNA sequences that bind with high specificity to a given target. In addition to monitoring the functionalization of the fiber by the aptamers in real-time, the results also show how the fiber biosensor can detect the presence of the aptamer's target, in various concentrations of thrombin in buffer and serum solutions. The findings also show how the SPR biosensor can be used to evaluate the dissociation constant (K(d)), as the binding constant agrees with values already reported in the literature.
Voltammetric and amperometric studies of selected thiols and dimethyldisulfide using a screen‐printed carbon electrode modified with cobalt phthalocyanine: Studies towards a gas sensor (1996)

Abstract Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, ethanethiol and dimethyl‐disulfide at a cobalt phthalocyanine modified screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPE) in phosphate electrolytes of different pH values. The thiols and hydrogen sulfide were found to undergo electrocatalytic oxidation while dimethyldisulfide exhibited an electrocatalytic reduction reaction. These processes were considered to involve the central cobalt(II) ion in the phthalocyanine macrocycle. The possibility of monitoring the thiols by exploiting the electrocatalytic oxidation process and DMDS by the electrocatalytic reduction process was examined by amperometry. In one approach a bulk phosphate electrolyte, pH 12.0, was employed. The amperometric behavior of the low boiling liquids ethanethiol and DMDS were studied by making standard additions to a stirred solution; both species showed rapid response times at applied potentials of +0.15 V and −0.40 V, respectively. The gaseous thiols, hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol, were examined by bubbling these through the same bulk electrolyte and again rapid, reproducible and reversible signals were obtained. In another approach a gel was prepared by adding agarose to the same phosphate electrolyte and a thin layer was deposited over the working and counter/reference electrodes of a screen‐printed strip. This sensor showed favorable electrochemical characteristics for the gaseous species examined which suggested that the device had promise as an amperometric gas sensor.
5. Iterative Methods for Linear Systems with Matrix Structure (1999)

5.1 INTRODUCTION So far in the book, only direct methods for the solution of linear systems of equations have been discussed. These methods involve computing a factorization for the coefficient matrix A, say, an LDU or a QR factorization, and then solving for the unknown vector x by solving triangular systems of equations. There is another class of methods, known as iterative methods, where the solution x is approximated by successive iterates starting from an initial guess . A major algorithm in this regard is the so-called conjugate gradient (CG) method. However, its convergence rate, as we shall demonstrate in Sec. 5.2, is dependent on the clustering of the eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix A; the more clustered the eigenvalues are the faster the convergence of to x.
New Drug Approval Process (2016)

Reflects current rules, regulations, and guidelines in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations and presents the latest advances in expediting drug development procedures. The book is designed to be of interest to research and development personnel in the pharmaceutical industry, including clinical and research pharmacists and pharmacologists, organic, medicinal, cosmetic, analytical, and clinical chemists and biochemists, clinical toxicologists, biostatisticians, government regulatory personnel, international pharmaceutical manufacturers and students in drug development courses.
Integrated Silicon Pressure Sensor for Automotive Application with Electronic Trimming (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An integrated manifold pressure sensor using bulk silicon micromachining techniques is presented. The sensor incorporates the entire signal amplification, temperature compensation, and circuitry for electronic trimming of the sensor chip. The chip circuitry and the manufacturing and assembly process will be discussed. Trimming of the sensitivity and offset production tolerances as well as the temperature coefficients of sensitivity and offset is performed using an electrical trim method. A binary coded digital compensation information is serially fed into an on-chip control unit. The individual bits are decoded and sent to the gates of a bank of trimming thyristors. Once the correct binary code has been selected so that the sensor characteristic is centered in the specified range, the programming voltage is increased and the data is irreversibely stored similarly to the zener zapping method.</div>
Activation of p73 silent allele in lung cancer. (1998)

p73, a first p53 relative, has recently been identified and demonstrated to be monoallelically expressed. This protein shows significant amino acid sequence and functional similarities to p53. However, it is unclear whether this protein functions as a tumor suppressor. To elucidate the role of p73 in tumor development, we investigated the expression of the p73 gene in lung cancer. In a comparison between normal lung and tumor tissues, p73 was more highly expressed in tumors. Moreover, using a C/T polymorphism in exon 2 for allele-specific expression analysis in 21 pairs of lung tumors and matched normal tissues, we found that five heterozygous samples exclusively expressed both alleles in tumors while showing monoallelic expression in matched normal tissues. This result was confirmed by single-nucleotide primer extension analysis. Mutation analysis of all 13 coding exons of the gene in 21 lung tumor DNAs revealed several polymorphisms, but no tumor-specific mutations were detected. These findings strongly suggest that p73 may play an important role in lung tumorigenesis through activation of a silent allele and overexpression of wild-type p73 rather than as a tumor suppressor.
Simultaneous Generation of Stereoscopic Views (1991)

Currently almost all computer graphic stereoscopic images are generated by doubling the work required to create a single image. In this paper we derive and analyze algorithms for simultaneous generation of the two views necessary for a stereoscopic image. We begin with a discussion of the similarities of the two perspective views of a stereo pair. Following this, several graphics algorithms that have been optimized from known single‐view methods are described and performance results obtained from testing the new stereo algorithms against the originals are presented.