gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuron‐Targeted Caveolin‐1 Improves Cognition and Enhances Hippocampal Plasticity (2015)

Aging increases neuropathology (i.e., poor motor function/cognitive decline) and this is associated with a decreased capacity to evoke synaptic plasticity, leading to loss of hippocampal synaptic connections and structural degradation. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a component of membrane lipid rafts (MLR), organizes functional synaptic proteins and tethers the cytoskeletal machinery, both of which are necessary for cell polarity and neuritogenesis. We previously showed that neuron targeted Cav-1 using a neuron specific synapsin promoter (SynCav1) enhances dendritic growth and arborization in primary neurons. We therefore tested whether SynCav1 delivery into the hippocampus promotes synaptic plasticity and improves cognitive behavior in older mice. AAV9-SynRFP or AAV9-SynCav1 was stereotactically injected into hippocampi of 4 and 10 month old mice and evaluated at 6 and 20 months of age, respectively. AAV9-SynCav1 significantly enhanced structural plasticity in apical dendrites of granule cell neurons and CA1 pyramidal cell neurons and increased functional plasticity (i.e., long term potentiation) in 6 month old mice. In addition, AAV9-SynCav1 enhanced apical dendrite arborization in CA1 pyramidal cells, increased TrkB expression and localization to MLR in the hippocampus, and enhanced hippocampal-dependent contextual fear learning and memory in 20-month old mice. These results demonstrate that Cav-1 overexpression in neurons plays a fundamental role in hippocampal structural and functional plasticity and is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders.
A heterologous prime-boost strategy for immunization against Dengue virus combining the Tetra DIIIC subunit vaccine candidate with the TV005 live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine (2019)

The development of live-attenuated vaccines against Dengue virus (DENV) has been problematic. Dengvaxia, licensed in several countries where DENV is endemic, has shown low efficacy profiles and there are safety concerns prohibiting its administration to children younger than 9 years old, and the live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine (LATV) developed by NIAID has proven too reactogenic during clinical trialing. In this work we examined whether the combination of TV005, a LATV-derived formulation, with Tetra DIIIC, a subunit vaccine candidate based on fusion proteins derived from structural proteins from all four DENV serotypes, can overcome the respective limitations of these two vaccine approaches. Rhesus macaques were first primed with one or two doses of Tetra DIIIC and then boosted with TV005, following the time course of the appearance of virus-binding and neutralizing antibodies, and evaluating protection by means of a challenge experiment with wild-type viruses. Although the two evaluated prime-boost regimes were equivalent to a single administration of TV005 in terms of the development of virus-binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as the protection against viral challenge, both regimes reduced vaccine viremia to undetectable levels. Thus, the combination of Tetra DIIIC with TV005 offers a potential solution to the reactogenicity problems, which have beset the development of the latter vaccine candidate.
<title>New approach to color-variable light-emitting devices based on conjugated polymers</title> (1997)

Recently there have been reports on color variable light emitting devices. Here we present a new approach to such devices based on conjugated polymers. the device consists of a blend of pyridine-phenylene and thiophene-phenylene based copolymers sandwiched between two redox polymers: emeraldine base form of polyaniline and sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN). ITO and Al are used as electrodes. The devices work under either polarity of driving voltage with different colors of light being emitted from different locations, red from emitting polymer/SPAN interface under forward bias and green from bulk of the emitting polymers under reverse bias. Electroluminescence of the devices peak at 550 nm with a shoulder at 585 nm under reverse bias while they show a single peak at 665 nm under forward bias. The relative fast time response allows the rapid switch of colors and AC operation.
Adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to renal epithelial cells is inhibited by specific anions (1995)

Adhesion of urinary crystals to the apical surface of renal tubular cells could be a critical step in the formation of kidney stones. The interaction between renal epithelial cells (BSC-1 line) and the most common crystal in kidney stones, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), was studied in a tissue culture model system. COM crystals bound to the cell surface within seconds in a concentration-dependent manner to a far greater extent than did brushite, another calcium-containing crystal found in urine. Adhesion of COM crystals to cells was blocked by the polyanion, heparin. Other glycosaminoglycans including chondroitin sulfate A or B, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid, but not chondroitin sulfate C, prevented binding of COM crystals. Two nonsulfated polyanions, polyglutamic acid and polyaspartic acid, also blocked adherence of COM crystals. Three molecules found in urine, nephrocalcin, uropontin, and citrate, each inhibited binding of COM crystals, whereas Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) did not. Prior exposure of crystals but not cells to inhibitory molecules blocked adhesion, suggesting that these agents exert their effect at the crystal surface. Inhibition of crystal binding followed a linear Langmuir adsorption isotherm for each inhibitor identified, suggesting that these molecules bind to a single class of sites on the crystal that are important for adhesion to the cell surface. Inhibition of crystal adhesion by heparin was rapidly overcome by the polycation protamine, suggesting that the glycosaminoglycan regulates cell-crystal interactions in a potentially reversible manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrochemical Whittling of Organic Nanostructures (2002)

A strategy for reducing the feature size of organic structures on metal surfaces is presented. The approach works by the electrochemical desorption of the peripheries of organic nanostructures (SAMs of 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA)) generated by dip-pen nanolithography. By holding the potential of a gold substrate at −750 mV vs Ag/AgCl for designated periods of time in 0.5 M aqueous KOH solution, the size of the MHA nanostructures on the substrate could be reduced in a controlled fashion. It is proposed that the free volume surrounding the nanostructures and the greater ion accessibility to edge sites facilitate this process. Structures as small as 30 nm could be generated on polycrystalline gold substrates.
Absolute Distance Interferometry (1981)

A basis for making absolute distance measurements to an accuracy of 0.025 pm over 0-1.5 m intervals is reported. Extensions of this technology will permit distances of 50 m and greater to be measured to the same accuracy. Two-color, synthetic Michelson interferometry using a CO2 laser source capa-ble of generating four sets of R- and P-line pairs is employed. This allows reduction of the very large ambiguity exhibited by conventional Michelson interferometers as well as the resolution of difficulties which would otherwise arise due to instabilities in the measurement arm of the interferometer. This latter effect is a practical rather than a fundamental consideration, but is nonetheless important if the interferometer is to emerge from the laboratory as an effective, workable instrument. Distance is determined in terms of a denumerable number of precisely known wavelengths and fractions thereof.
Development Of Polymeric Nonlinear Optical Materials (1987)

Commercial interest in nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is driven by the development of fiber optics, laser diodes, and high speed computing. In communications, as well as in information processing, the direction of future technology points unmistakably towards optical systems. Active materials for optical modulation, routing, and amplification are in high demand for this technology. Currently available materials for NLO applications lack many of the critical requirements for true industrial implementation. Therefore, significant programs for the development of improved NLO materials have blossomed throughout the world. Organics have been suggested as improved materials for a variety of applications ranging from conducting polymers to superconductors. For NLO applications, there is a solid foundation of basic science which clearly defines intrinsic advantages of these materials in comparison to those which are currently in use. In addition to basic material constants, organics offer the opportunity to apply molecular level science to engineer materials through application of several principles of design. In this paper, these design concepts will be highlighted in an attempt to define an industrial approach to this materials problem.
Noncontact high-speed waveform measurements with the picosecond photoelectron scanning electron microscope (1988)

The authors have replaced the electron gun and beam blanking system of a conventional voltage contrast scanning electron microscope by a pulse-laser/photocathode combination, resulting in a source producing electron pulses of order 1 ps in duration at a 100 MHz repetition rate and with a peak brightness of 3 10/sup 8/ A/cm/sup 2/ sr at 1.8 keV. This novel instrument has demonstrated stroboscopic noncontact waveform measurements on metal interconnect lines in different environments with a temporal resolution between than 5 ps, a voltage resolution of 3 mV/(Hz)/sup 1/2/, and a spatial resolution of 0.1 mu m. These measurements are achieved with extraction fields above the sample of about 1 kV/mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
OS1.8 IRE1-mediated immunomodulation in glioblastoma (2016)

response to TMZ involving different classes of RNAs, both coding and noncoding.
Effectiveness of the Corrosion Inhibitors for the Petroleum Industry under Various Flow Conditions (2009)

Abstract Several types of corrosion inhibitors were evaluated. Active ingredients of those inhibitors included long chain amines, fatty amides, imidazolines, fatty acids and their salts. Inhibitors were tested at the concentration range of 50 - 200 ppm in the electrolyte and electrolyte/hydrocarbon mixture in the presence of CO2 and H2S in static and dynamic conditions. Several evaluations were performed when corrosion inhibitors were added into electrolyte containing flow modifiers. The results, which include the corrosion and electrochemical testing data, show that generally tested corrosion inhibitors are effective in studied range of flow rates and compatible with flow modifiers.
Numerical analysis and experimental design of tunable birefringence in microstructured optical fiber (2002)

We present detailed experimental and numerical results for birefringence tuning in microstructured optical fibers. Index tunable polymer is infused into specific air-holes to obtain birefringence whose tunability is achieved by temperature tuning the polymer index. We also study the symmetry properties of the modes for different waveguide structures.
First Light-Emitting Neutral Molecular Rectangles (2000)

Synthesis of the first light-emitting neutral rhenium-based molecular rectangles has been accomplished. The rectangles possess large cavities having no counterions inside the channels, and above all they are luminescent at room temperature with considerable quantum yield and lifetimes in the range of nanoseconds.
A Highly Efficient Method for Porcine Cloning by Nuclear Transfer Using <i>In Vitro</i> -Matured Oocytes (2002)

To date, the efficiency of pig cloning by nuclear transfer of somatic cell nuclei has been extremely low, with less than 1% of transferred embryos surviving to term. Even the utilization of complex procedures such as two rounds of nuclear transfer has not resulted in greater overall efficiencies. As a result, the applicability of the technology for the generation of transgenic and cloned animals has not moved forward rapidly. We report here a simple nuclear transfer protocol, utilizing commercially available in vitro-matured oocytes, that results in greater than 5% overall cloning efficiency. Of five recipients receiving nuclear transfer embryos produced with a fetal fibroblast cell line as nuclear donor, all five established pregnancies by day 28 (100%), and 4/5 (80%) went to term. Efficiencies for each transfer were 7% (9 piglets/128 doublets transferred), 5% (5/100), 12% (7/59), and 6.6% (7/106). The overall efficiency in all recipients was 5.5% and in pregnant recipients 7.7%, with a total of 28 cloned piglets produced. With the average fusion rate being 58%, the percentage of fused doublets producing a live piglet approached 12%. The method described here can be undertaken by a single micromanipulator at a reasonable cost, and should facilitate the broad utilization of porcine cloning technology in transgenic and nontransgenic applications.
Skewing clock to decide races – double-edge-triggeredflip-flop (2001)

A clock-skew-based methodology for deciding races that are ordinarily settled by making feedback paths weak or resistive is proposed. Applying this to earlier work, a new static, double-edge-triggered flip-flop is derived that shows significant gains in terms of reduced power, increased frequency, and reduced gate area.
Reactivation of Fluidized Bed Combustor Ashes: Economic Evaluation and Implementation (2005)

When high-sulfur-content coal or coke is used as fuel in fluidized bed combustors, a large excess of limestone or dolomite must be added for good SOx capture. All of the limestone is calcined but only 30–40% is actually sulfated. The resultant ashes are difficult to dispose of because of the free calcium oxide. These ashes can be reactivated for further SOx capture. A proposed, economic process involves wet grinding of the ashes with sufficient excess water to allow both complete hydration and good grinding conditions. To prevent cementitious solidification of the wet product, it is then mixed with selected dry materials, for example fine coal, to absorb the excess water. Wet waste coal fines or sludges may also be used, then both to provide the water and prevent solidification. The product is then granulated with the cementitious reactions providing a binder for the granules. Good results with large additional SOx capture have been observed both in a small pilot-sized CFBC and during a 54-hour utility boiler test in a 35 MWt boiler. Calcium utilization was nearly doubled, with significant reduction of CO2 emissions. Based on the test results, quick equity payback is expected with savings from reduced limestone purchase and ash disposal costs. In collaboration with The Babcock and Wilcox Company (B&W), a long test program at the Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, IL is planned.
A new method for the deoxygenation of secondary alcohols (1975)

On reaction with tributylstannane, O-cycloalkyl thiobenzoates and O-cycloalkyl S-methyl dithiocarbonates, derived from secondary alcohols, give good yields of the corresponding hydrocarbons. The mechanism of this planned reaction is radical in character and thus rearrangements common in carbocation reactions are avoided. The particular applicability of this procedure in sugar chemistry is illustrated. The reaction takes place under neutral conditions compatible with the presence of the functional groups which normally occur in aminoglycoside antibiotics.A convenient general synthesis of O-cycloalkyl thioesters has been developed which gives access to O-cycloalkyl thioformates and thioacetates. An extension of this method affords the hitherto unknown O-cycloalkyl seleno-formates and selenobenzoates. An attempted extension of the method to the synthesis of O-chloesteryl tellurobenzoate gave, unexpectedly, a good yield of benzyl cholesteryl ether.
Photonic crystal nanocavities: Lithographically aligned optical filters and sources (2001)

We have developed the fabrication techniques necessary to build tuneable sources and filters in Photonic Bandgap Crystals. By connecting such components with photonic crystal waveguides, we believe that it will become possible to define integrated photonic circuits.
Imaging complex structures with semirecursive Kirchhoff migration (1997)

Abstract I present a semirecursive Kirchhoff migration algorithm that is capable of obtaining accurate images of complex structures by combining wave-equation datuming and Kirchhoff migration. The method is successful because breaking up the complex velocity structure into small depth regions allows traveltimes to be calculated in regions where the computation is well-behaved and where the computation corresponds to energetic arrivals. The traveltimes computed in such a region are used first for imaging and second for downward continuation of the entire survey (shots and receivers) to the boundary of the next region. This process results in images comparable to those obtained by shot-profile migration, but at reduced computational cost. Because traveltimes are computed for small depth domains, the adverse effects of caustics, headwaves, and multiple arrivals do not develop. In principle, this method requires only the same number of traveltime calculations as a standard migration. Tests on the Marmousi data set produce excellent results.
NASA vane alloy boasts high-temperature strength (1975)

The higher inlet-gas temperatures in new aircraft turbine engines make it necessary to use improved superalloys in engine design. Such superalloys are provided by WAZ alloys. NASA has explored the Ni-W-Al system in an attempt to find higher-strength nickel-based alloys for use as stator vane materials. Critical performance goals have been met with the new alloy WAZ-16. With suitable protective coatings, WAZ-16 appears to have considerable potential for high-temperature stator vane applications.
Terabit/sec 48-channel fiber-coupled optical module based on holey CMOS transceiver IC (2012)

A compact optical transceiver module providing 0.48 Tb/s transmitter plus 0.48 Tb/s receiver throughput has been demonstrated using a second-generation single-chip holey CMOS transceiver IC. The single-chip CMOS transceiver IC designed in standard 90nm IBM CMOS has 24 receiver and 24 laser driver circuits each with a corresponding through-substrate optical via (hole). The forty-eight 150-um diameter optical vias are fabricated using a wafer-scale deep Si RIE process followed by substrate thinning to 150um thickness. Direct flip-chip attachment of custom-designed 24-channel 850-nm VCSEL and PD arrays to the IC using AuSn solder provides a compact 48-channel Optochip measuring only 5.2mm × 5.8mm. The 48 optical vias enable optical access to the 24 VCSELs and 24 PDs and are arranged in a 4 × 12 array on 250um × 250um pitch to facilitate direct fiber-coupling to a standard 4 × 12 fiber array. The Optochips are packaged into complete modules by flip-chip soldering to high-density, high-speed organic carriers using eutectic PbSn solder. The organic carrier measures 17mm × 17mm with C4 pads on the top surface for Optochip attachment and typical ball grid array (BGA) pads on 0.8mm pitch on the bottom surface to permit attachment to a larger printed circuit board, i.e. system motherboard. Due to the exclusive use of flip-chip soldering throughout the assembly process, the holey Optochips and transceiver modules offer the potential of unprecedented highspeed performance and I/O density. Optical modules have been fabricated and DC optical measurement verified good bond yield for the OE arrays to IC and the IC to organic carrier. High-speed characterization of the complete module attached to a test motherboard demonstrated 24 transmitter channels operating up to 20 Gb/s/ch. Receiver characterization was carried out as full transmitter-to-receiver link - the output of a reference transmitter channel was coupled into a MMF and directed to 24 receiver channels within a module. The transmitter-to-receiver measurements also operated up to 20 Gb/s/ch. At 20 Gb/s/ch, the 48-channel module delivers an unprecedented off-card I/O bandwidth of 0.96 Tb/s.
Development of Functionally Selective, Small Molecule Agonists at Kappa Opioid Receptors (2013)

The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is widely expressed in the CNS and can serve as a means to modulate pain perception, stress responses, and affective reward states. Therefore, the KOR has become a prominent drug discovery target toward treating pain, depression, and drug addiction. Agonists at KOR can promote G protein coupling and βarrestin2 recruitment as well as multiple downstream signaling pathways, including ERK1/2 MAPK activation. It has been suggested that the physiological effects of KOR activation result from different signaling cascades, with analgesia being G protein-mediated and dysphoria being mediated through βarrestin2 recruitment. Dysphoria associated with KOR activation limits the therapeutic potential in the use of KOR agonists as analgesics; therefore, it may be beneficial to develop KOR agonists that are biased toward G protein coupling and away from βarrestin2 recruitment. Here, we describe two classes of biased KOR agonists that potently activate G protein coupling but weakly recruit βarrestin2. These potent and functionally selective small molecule compounds may prove to be useful tools for refining the therapeutic potential of KOR-directed signaling in vivo.
Expression of a maize sucrose phosphate synthase in tomato alters leaf carbohydrate partitioning. (1991)

We isolated a complementary DNA sequence for the enzyme sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) from maize utilizing a limited amino acid sequence. The 3509-bp cDNA encodes a 1068-amino acid polypeptide. The identity of the cDNA was confirmed by the ability of the cloned sequence to direct sucrose phosphate synthesis in Escherichia coli. Because no plant-specific factors were necessary for enzymatic activity, we can conclude that SPS enzyme activity is conferred by a single gene product. Sequence comparisons showed that SPS is distantly related to the enzyme sucrose synthase. When expressed from a ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit promoter in transgenic tomatoes, total SPS activity was boosted up to sixfold in leaves and appeared to be physiologically uncoupled from the tomato regulation mechanism. The elevated SPS activity caused a reduction of starch and increase of sucrose in the tomato leaves. This result clearly demonstrates that SPS is involved in the regulation of carbon partitioning in the leaves.
A NOVEL AMINO-ON CPG-SUPPORT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 3′-AMINOALKYLATED OLIGONUCLEOTIDES (2005)

The synthesis of a novel amino-ON CPG support and its application in the synthesis of 3'-aminoalkylated oligonucleotides is reported. The release of oligonucleotides with free 3'-amino groups is accomplished by treatment with concentrated ammonia for 2 h at 55 degrees C.
Magnetic configurations in 160–520-nm-diameter ferromagnetic rings (2004)

The remanent states and hysteretic behavior of thin-film magnetic rings has been investigated experimentally and by micromagnetic modeling. Rings of diameters 160--520 nm, made from Co using lift-off processing, show three distinct remanent states: a vortex state, an ``onion'' state with two head-on walls, and a ``twisted'' state containing a $360\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ wall. The range of stability of these states varies with ring geometry, with smaller width rings showing higher switching fields and greater variability.