gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reliability-Aware Vehicular Crowdsensing System for Pothole Profiling (2019)

Accurately profiling potholes on road surfaces not only helps eliminate safety related concerns and improve commuting efficiency for drivers, but also reduces unnecessary maintenance cost for transportation agencies. In this paper, we propose a smartphone-based system that is capable of precisely estimating the length and depth of potholes, and introduce a holistic design on pothole data collection, profile aggregation and pothole warning and reporting. The proposed system relies on the built-in inertial sensors of vehicle-carried smartphones to estimate pothole profiles, and warn the driver about incoming potholes. Because of the difference in driving behaviors and vehicle suspension systems, a major challenge in building such system is how to aggregate conflicting sensory reports from multiple participating vehicles. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel reliability-aware data aggregation algorithm called Reliability Adaptive Truth Discovery (RATD). It infers the reliability for each data source and aggregates pothole profiles in an unsupervised fashion. Our field test shows that the proposed system can effectively estimate pothole profiles, and the RATD algorithm significantly improves the profiling accuracy compared with popular data aggregation methods.
Nanomaterials for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater (2019)

Removal of contaminants in wastewater, such as heavy metals, has become a severe problem in the world. Numerous technologies have been developed to deal with this problem. As an emerging technology, nanotechnology has been gaining increasing interest and many nanomaterials have been developed to remove heavy metals from polluted water, due to their excellent features resulting from the nanometer effect. In this work, novel nanomaterials, including carbon-based nanomaterials, zero-valent metal, metal-oxide based nanomaterials, and nanocomposites, and their applications for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater were systematically reviewed. Their efficiency, limitations, and advantages were compared and discussed. Furthermore, the promising perspective of nanomaterials in environmental applications was also discussed and potential directions for future work were suggested.
Lateral growth kinetics of α-alumina accompanying the formation of a protective scale on (111) NiAl during oxidation at 1100 °C (1997)

During the early stages of oxidation of (111) NiAl at 1100 °C, an alumina scale forms and undergoes a series of allotropic phase transformations. In the final stages of phase development, the metastable Θ-alumina transforms to the equilibrium α-alumina phase. Images formed using the photoluminescence from trace Cr3+ impurities in the scale, in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy, indicate that the α-alumina forms by a nucleation and growth process within the Θ-alumina matrix. Lateral impingement of the growing α-alumina islands coincides with the reported drop in oxidation kinetics to those characteristic of long-term oxidation of NiAl. Unlike most interface-controlled transformations, the kinetics of the θ–to–α transformation in the lateral growth are found to be logarithmic. Possible causes of these unusual kinetics are proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Phosphorus Ylides with Acylating Agents in a Two‐Phase System. (1988)

Abstract The ylides (II), generated from the phosphonium salts (I) in a two‐ phase system, react in situ with the acyl chlorides (III) to give the acylated phosphoranes (IV).
Weak-value amplification beyond the standard quantum limit in position measurements (2015)

In a weak measurement with postselection, a measurement value, called the weak value, can be amplified beyond the eigenvalues of an observable. However, there are some controversies whether weak-value amplification is practically useful in increasing the sensitivity of the measurement, in which fundamental quantum noise dominates. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity limit of an optical interferometer when weak-value amplification is implemented, properly accounting for quantum shot noise and radiation-pressure noise. To do so, we formulate weak-value amplification in the Heisenberg picture instead of in the Schr\"odinger picture, which is conventionally used. This formulation enables us to understand intuitively what happens when the measurement outcome is postselected and the weak value is amplified. As a result, we find that the sensitivity limit is given by the standard quantum limit that is the same as in a standard interferometry. We also discuss a way to circumvent the standard quantum limit.
19th Annual Conference: Oral Abstract Winner (2006)

Patients with intestinal failure (IF) are dependent on parenteral nutrition delivered through central access such as Hickman™ catheters. The peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is becoming increasingly popular for the purpose. The aim of the present study was to compare complication rates between the two types of catheters.Over a six-year period (2008–2014), we included 136 patients with IF receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). These patients had a total of 295 catheters (169 Hickman™ catheters and 126 PICCs). Data were collected by reviewing their medical records. Incidences are given per 1000 catheter days. Data are given as means ± standard deviation (SD) and compared using independent student's t-tests, Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon, and X2-tests. A survival analysis for time to the first infection was conducted using Cox regression.The total number of catheter days was 54,912 days for Hickman™ catheters (mean dwell time 325 ± 402) and 15,974 days for PICCs (mean dwell time 127 ± 121), respectively. The incidence of catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI) per 1000 catheter days was significantly lower for Hickman™ catheters compared to PICCs (0.56 vs. 1.63, p < 0.05). The mean time to first CRBSI was significantly shorter for PICCs compared to Hickman™ catheters (84 ± 94 days vs. 297 ± 387 days, p < 0.05), which was confirmed with a cox analysis corrected for age and gender. A total of 75 catheters were removed due to CRBSI, 49 Hickman™ catheters and 26 PICCs respectively. In addition, PICCs were more often removed due to local infection/phlebitis and mechanical causes (p < 0.001).We found a higher risk and shorter time to first CRBSI in PICCs compared to Hickman catheters supporting that PICCs should mainly be chosen for planned HPN up to 3–6 months. We therefore conclude that the choice of catheter must still be determined on an individual basis.
Parallel system development: a reference model for CASE tools (1990)

An ongoing study and enhancement program is being conducted on Smith Industries' development process. The findings are being applied to real projects, and the results are being closely tracked. The author summarizes some of the results so far and shows how they provide a reference model for CASE (computer-aided-software-engineering) tools. From the study results it is concluded that no simple sequential model can describe the development process and that a parallel model, adaptable to the needs of the particular project, is more realistic. This parallel model encompasses all of the disciplines involved in development: systems, hardware, software, reliability, testing, manufacturing, and so on. A project database is needed to accommodate all the many products of development and their complex relationships across all these disciplines. Such a model and database provide a reference for evaluating existing CASE tools and developing new ones. Existing CASE tools fall far short of meeting the needs of this model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robust protein quantitation in chromatographic fractions using MALDI‐MS of tryptic peptides (2006)

A method is introduced to evaluate protein concentrations using the height sum of all MALDI-MS peaks that unambiguously match theoretic tryptic peptide masses of the protein sought after. The method uses native chromatographic protein fractionation prior to digestion but does not require any depletion, labeling, derivatization, or preparation of a compound similar to the analyte. All peak heights of tryptic peptides are normalized with the peak height of a unique standard peptide added to the MALDI-MS samples. The sum of normalized peak heights, S(n), or the normalized mean peak height, M(n), reflects the concentration of the respective protein. For fractions containing various proteins, S(n) and M(n) can be used to compare concentrations of a protein between different fractions. For fractions with one predominating protein, they can be used to estimate concentration ratios between fractions, or to quantify the fractional protein concentration after calibration with pure protein solutions. Initial native fractionation retains the possibility to apply all conventional analytic procedures. Moreover, it renders the method relatively robust to MS mass accuracy. The method was validated with albumin, transferrin, alpha1-antitrypsin, and immunoglobulin G within highly complex chromatographic fractions of pathological and normal sera, which contained the respective intact native protein in dominating as well as minor concentrations. The correlation found between S(n) and the protein concentration as determined with ELISA showed that the method can be applied to select markers for distinguishing between normal and pathological serum samples.
Position sensorless and adaptive speed design for controlling brushless DC motor drives (2017)

This paper proposes a method for direct torque control of Brushless DC (BLDC) motors. Evaluating the trapezium of back-EMF is needed, and is done via a sliding mode observer employing just one measurement of stator current. The effect of the proposed estimation algorithm is reducing the impact of switching noise and consequently eliminating the required filter. Furthermore, to overcome the uncertainties related to BLDC motors, Recursive Least Square (RLS) is regarded as a real-time estimator of inertia and viscous damping coefficients of the BLDC motor. By substituting the estimated load torque in mechanical dynamic equations, the rotor speed can be calculated. Also, to increase the robustness and decrease the rise time of the system, Modified Model Reference Adaptive System (MMRAS) is applied in order to design a new speed controller. Simulation results confirm the validity of this recommended method.
Spatial Broadcast Decoder: A Simple Architecture for Learning Disentangled Representations in VAEs (2019)

We present a simple neural rendering architecture that helps variational autoencoders (VAEs) learn disentangled representations. Instead of the deconvolutional network typically used in the decoder of VAEs, we tile (broadcast) the latent vector across space, concatenate fixed X- and Y-"coordinate" channels, and apply a fully convolutional network with 1x1 stride. This provides an architectural prior for dissociating positional from non-positional features in the latent distribution of VAEs, yet without providing any explicit supervision to this effect. We show that this architecture, which we term the Spatial Broadcast decoder, improves disentangling, reconstruction accuracy, and generalization to held-out regions in data space. It provides a particularly dramatic benefit when applied to datasets with small objects. We also emphasize a method for visualizing learned latent spaces that helped us diagnose our models and may prove useful for others aiming to assess data representations. Finally, we show the Spatial Broadcast Decoder is complementary to state-of-the-art (SOTA) disentangling techniques and when incorporated improves their performance.
Secure Routing and Intrusion Detection in Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

Numerous schemes have been proposed for secure routing and intrusion detection for ad hoc networks. Yet, little work exists in actually implementing such schemes on small handheld devices. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept implementation of a secure routing protocol based on AODV over IPv6, further reinforced by a routing protocol independent intrusion detection system (IDS) for ad hoc networks. Security features in the routing protocol include mechanisms for nonrepudiation and authentication, without relying on the availability of a certificate authority (CA) or a key distribution center (KDC). We present the design and implementation details of our system, the practical considerations involved, and how these mechanisms can be used to detect and thwart malicious attacks. We discuss several scenarios where the secure routing and intrusion detection mechanisms isolate and deny network resources to nodes deemed malicious. We also discuss shortcomings in our approach, and conclude with lessons learned and ideas for future work
The Efficacy and Safety of Fractional CO<sub>2</sub>Laser Combined with Topical Type A Botulinum Toxin for Facial Rejuvenation: A Randomized Controlled Split-Face Study (2016)

Topical application of BTX-A could enhance the rejuvenation effect of fractional CO2 laser.
Adaptive predictive control of a multistage fermentation process (1990)

Theoretical and experimental studies concerning the application of modern adaptive techniques for the control of continuous alcoholic fermentation of glucose by a yeast strain conducted in a multistage reactor are reported. The practical control objective was the regulation of the substrate concentration in the process effluent. Mathematical expressions for the control scheme are given, with the underlying control engineering argumentation. Suitable feeding of sugar for stage 2 was controlled to minimize the effluent sugar concentration.
Protective Effects of Ranolazine, a Novel Anti-ischemic Drug, on the Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Derangements in Isolated, Perfused Rat Heart: Comparison With Dichloroacetate (1998)

The effect of ranolazine, a novel anti-ischemic drug that stimulates the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced mechanical and metabolic derangements was studied in isolated rat heart and compared with that of dichloroacetate (DCA), an activator of pyruvate dehydrogenase. The heart was perfused aerobically by the Langendorff's technique at a constant flow and driven electrically. H2O2 (600 microM) decreased the left ventricular developed pressure and increased the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (i.e., mechanical dysfunction), decreased the tissue level of adenosine triphosphate (i.e., metabolic derangement), and increased the tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (i.e., lipid peroxidation). These mechanical and metabolic derangements induced by H2O2 were significantly attenuated by ranolazine (10 or 20 microM). On the other hand, DCA (1 mM) was ineffective in attenuating the H2O2-induced mechanical and metabolic derangements. Ranolazine, however, did not modify the tissue MDA level, which was increased by H2O2. In the normal (H2O2-untreated) heart, ranolazine did not alter the mechanical function and energy metabolism. These results demonstrate that ranolazine attenuates mechanical and metabolic derangements induced by H2O2. It is suggested that the protective action of ranolazine against the H2O2-induced derangements is due to neither the energy-sparing, DCA-like, nor anti-oxidant effects.
Structure of Poly(dA)·Poly(dT) is not Identical to the AT Rich Regions of the Single Crystal Structure of CGCGAATT<sup>Br</sup>CGCG. The Consequence of this to Netropsin Binding to Poly(dA)·Poly(dT) (1985)

The basic assumption of Dickerson and Kopka (J. Biomole. Str. Dyns. 2, 423, 1985) that the conformation of poly(dA).poly(dT) in solution is identical to the AT rich region of the single crystal structure of the Dickerson dodecamer is not supported by any experimental data. In poly(dA).poly(dT), NOE and Raman studies indicate that the dA and dT units are conformationally equivalent and display the (anti-S-type sugar)-conformation; incorporation of this nucleotide geometry into a double helix leads to a conventional regular B-helix in which the width of the minor groove is 8A. The derived structure is consistent with all available experimental data on poly(dA).poly(dT) obtained under solution conditions. In the crystal structure of the dodecamer, the dA and dT units have distinctly different conformations-dA residues adopt (anti, S-type sugar pucker), while dT residues belong to (low anti, N-type sugar pucker). These different conformations of the dA and dT units along with the large propeller twist can be accommodated in a double helix in which the minor groove is shrunk from 8A to less than 4A. In the conventional right handed B-form of poly(dA).poly(dT) with the 8A wide minor groove, netropsin has to bind asymmetrically along the dA strand to account for the NOE and chemical shift data and to generate a stereochemically sound structure (Sarma et al, J. Biomole. Str. Dyns. 2, 1085, 1985).
High-mobility fully depleted thin-film SOS MOSFET's (1992)

Transistor characteristics for improved, fully depleted thin-film (100-nm thick) silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) MOSFETs with 25-nm gate oxides were measured for various gate lengths from 15 to 300 K with measurements taken at 10 K intervals. Peak hole mobilities as high as 250 cm/sup 2//V-s at 300 K and 1700 cm/sup 2//V-s at 77 K were measured in p-channel MOSFETs. Measurements of corresponding n-channel devices of the same dimensions have revealed electron mobilities of 360 cm/sup 2//V-s at 300 K and 590 cm/sup 2//V-s at 77 K. The high hole mobility behavior unique to SOS may be attributed to stress in the thin silicon film due to the sapphire interface.
Liquid-chromatographic determination of acetaminophen in serum. (1979)

We describe a sensitive and precise "high-pressure" liquid-chromatographic method for determining acetaminophen in serum. The 2-acetaminophenol and 3-acetaminophenol structural isomers of acetaminophen are used as internal standards. The method, which involves solvent extraction and adsorption chromatography on silica, provides excellent sensitivity, accuracy, and selectivity. The standard curve is linear over the range of acetaminophen concentrations of 0.5 to 300 mg/L, which makes the method useful for both pharmacokinetic studies and overdose monitoring. Analytical recovery is 97% for acetaminophen concentrations ranging from 5 to 300 mg/L. Many commonly used drugs were tested and found not to interfere. The procedure has been successfully adapted as a microscale method requiring only 50 microL of sample. The microscale method is particularly useful for pediatric and neonatal patients for whom sample size is a major concern.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reactions of Partial Methane Oxidation (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of sealed cavity microstructures formed by silicon wafer bonding (1993)

Three fabrication issues related to the design and fabrication of micromechanical devices using sealed cavities within bonded silicon wafers are discussed. The first concerns the resultant residual gas pressure within a sealed cavity between two bonded wafers after bonding and a high-temperature anneal. The second concerns the prediction of plastic deformation in capping layers of single-crystal silicon over sealed cavities. Exposure of sealed cavity structures to a high-temperature environment causes the trapped residual gas to expand, which can result in the plastic deformation of the capping layer. A model for analytically predicting the occurrence of plastic deformatio in these silicon capping layers has been developed. The third fabrication issue concerns the prediction of the resultant height of plastically deformed capping layers of silicon after cooling. A model which gives a lower and an upper bound on the height, based on an analytical spherical shell membrane stress equation, has been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proxy multi-signature scheme: A new type of proxysignature scheme (2000)

Proxy signature schemes allow a proxy signer to generate a proxy signature on behalf of an original signer. However, since in previous proxy signature schemes a proxy signature is created on behalf of only one original signer, these schemes are referred to as proxy mono-signature schemes. A new type of proxy signature scheme is presented called the proxy multi-signature scheme in which a proxy signer can generate a proxy signature on behalf of two or more original signers.
Biotinylated Biodegradable Nanotemplated Hydrogel Networks for Cell Interactive Applications (2008)

We describe the synthesis of a novel biotinylated nanotextured degradable hydrogel that can be rapidly surface engineered with a diverse range of biotinylated moieties. The hydrogel is synthesized by reacting methacrylated biotin-PEG with dimethacrylated P LA-b- PEG-b-P LA (LPLDMA, PEG = poly(ethylene glycol), PLA = poly(lactic acid)),or dimethacrylated PEG-b-P LA-b- PEG (PLPDMA). Methacrylated biotin-PEG is prepared by reacting biotin-PEG-OH with methacrylic anhydride. Biotin-PEG-OH is prepared by reacting alpha-hydroxy-omega-amine PEG with N-hydroxysuccinimide-biotin. Confirmation of the final product is determined using (1)H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The integrity and surface presentation of the biotin units is observed spectrophotometrically using the HABA/avidin assay. To produce nanostructured polymer topography, a self-assembling lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophase is used as a polymerization template, generating biotinylated hydrogels with highly organized lamellar matrix geometry. Traditionally processed isotropic hydrogels are used for comparison. Scanning electron microscopy shows that isotropic hydrogels have a smooth glassy appearance while lamellar templated hydrogels have defined surface topographical features that enhance preosteoblast human palatal mesenchymal cell (HEPM) attachment. Engineering the surfaces of the hydrogels with cell adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequences using the biotin-avidin interaction significantly enhances cell attachment. Surface engineering of cell adhesive peptides in conjunction with the lamellar template induced surface topography generates additive enhancements in cell attachment.
Ethernet over light (2015)

The advent of high-brightness, fast-switching Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) has facilitated Visible Light Communication (VLC) as a new form of Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) over the visible light spectrum. In VLC, these LEDs serve a dual purpose of communication on top of general illumination. The biggest challenge facing VLC lies in finding the “killer application" that will propel the technology to widespread adoption. One of the ways we believe this can be achieved is by integrating VLC with pre-existing Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) backbones. Although there has been some preliminary research in this area, specifically involving 10Base-T over VLC, none have explicitly dealt with Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) over VLC. In this thesis, we investigate the implementation of analog transmission of 100Base-TX over VLC in an amplify-and-forward approach, which we coin as Ethernet-over-Light (EoL). We present the design of a VLC transmitter and accompanying receiver developed for EoL, and include a comprehensive channel model to analyze this Ethernet-VLC link. Equalization techniques were explored to overcome the various shortcomings associated with the EoL channel, and to improve the performance of the overall system. This VLC-LAN solution proved to be a viable alternative for providing a wireless broadcast link wherever LEDs would be deployed for illumination in an indoor setting.