gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Z‐spectroscopic imaging of cross‐relaxation parameters in tissues for human MRI: Theory and clinical applications (2002)

A new method of pulsed Z-spectroscopic imaging is proposed for in vivo visualization and quantification of the parameters describing cross-relaxation between protons with liquid-like and solid-like relaxation properties in tissues. The method is based on analysis of the magnetization transfer (MT) effect as a function of the offset frequency and amplitude of a pulsed off- resonance saturation incorporated in a spoiled gradient-echo MRI pulse sequence. The theoretical concept of the method relies on an approximated analytical model of pulsed MT that provides a simple three-parameter equation for a pulsed steady-state Z-spectrum taken far from resonance. Using this model, the parametric images of cross-relaxation rate constant, content, and T(2) of the semisolid proton fraction can be reconstructed from a series of MT-weighted images and a coregistered T(1) map. The method was implemented on a 0.5 T clinical MRI scanner, and it provided high-quality 3D parametric maps within an acceptable scanning time. The estimates of cross-relaxation parameters in brain tissues were shown to be quantitatively consistent with the literature data. Clinical examples of the parametric images of human brain pathologies (multiple sclerosis and glioma) demonstrated high tissue contrast and clear visualization of the lesions.
National Rotavirus Surveillance Program annual report, 2004-05 (2006)

The National Rotavirus Reference Centre together with collaborating laboratories Australia-wide has conducted rotavirus surveillance since June 1999. This report describes the serotypes of rotavirus strains responsible for the hospitalisation of children with acute gastroenteritis during the period 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005. Six hundred and twelve faecal samples from across Australia were examined using monoclonal antibody immunoassays, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel analysis. Serotype G1 was the dominant serotype nationally, representing 48.3 per cent of all strains, followed by serotype G3 (36.7%) and serotype G9 (6.9%). As in previous years, there was substantial geographic variation in the prevalence of rotavirus serotypes.
Remote Sensing of Aerosol Extinction Using Single-Ended Lidars (1992)

Aerosol extinction is one of the primary factors limiting the performance of systems which rely on visible or infrared radiation in the atmosphere. Lidars have been used to measure the backscattered radiation from aerosols in an attempt to determine extinction. However, techniques for inverting the power returned to a single-ended lidar to obtain range-dependent extinction coefficients requires a knowledge of the relationship between the backscatter and extinction coefficients along the path. If the aerosol distribution in the atmosphere is horizontally homogeneous, the need for knowing the relationship between backscatter and extinction can be eliminated by comparing the powers received from each altitude along two or more different elevation angles, and the extinction coefficient variation in the vertical direction can be determined.
High loading uranium plate (1990)

Two embodiments of a high uranium fuel plate are disclosed which contain a meat comprising structured uranium compound confined between a pari of diffusion bonded ductile metal cladding plates uniformly covering the meat, the meat hiving a uniform high fuel loading comprising a content of uranium compound greater than about 45 Vol. % at a porosity not greater than about 10 Vol. %. In a first embodiment, the meat is a plurality of parallel wires of uranium compound. In a second embodiment, the meat is a dispersion compact containing uranium compound. The fuel plates are fabricated by a hot isostatic pressing process.
Improved Spectrometer for Field Use (1986)

Proposed portable spectrometer for analyzing minerals in field generates spectral images like camera and process spectral data for real-time identification of materials. To identify unknown mineral, user locates significant peaks in displayed spectrum and matches them to spectrum in portfolio of reference spectra. Alternatively, user calls up display of prerecorded spectra in same wavelength region for comparison or allows spectrometer to determine best match automatically. New instrument makes it unnecessary to return data to laboratory or equipment trailer for processing.
Towards continuous monitoring of pulse rate in neonatal intensive care unit with a webcam (2014)

We describe a novel method to monitor pulse rate (PR) on a continuous basis of patients in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using videos taken from a high definition (HD) webcam. We describe algorithms that determine PR from videoplethysmographic (VPG) signals extracted from multiple regions of interest (ROI) simultaneously available within the field of view of the camera where cardiac signal is registered. We detect motion from video images and compensate for motion artifacts from each ROI. Preliminary clinical results are presented on 8 neonates each with 30 minutes of uninterrupted video. Comparisons to hospital equipment indicate that the proposed technology can meet medical industry standards and give improved patient comfort and ease of use for practitioners when instrumented with proper hardware.
A 65nm CMOS multi-standard, multi-band mobile TV tuner (2007)

A direct conversion, 65 nm CMOS multi-standard TV tuner is presented, which is compliant with several digital terrestrial, fixed and mobile TV standards (DVB-T, DVB-H, T-DMB and ISDB-T, including 1-3 segment). The tuner achieves a 3/3/2.8 dB NF at VHF, UHF and L-band respectively, while consuming less than 140 mW in DVB-T mode. By using integrated transformers, both single-ended and differential RF inputs are supported. Multi-standard capability is enabled by programmable channel-select filters and a Sigma-Delta fractional-N synthesizer.
The promoter and intron/exon structure of the human and mouse β3‐adrenergic‐receptor genes (1993)

Transcription-start sites for the mouse and human beta 3-adrenergic-receptor mRNA have been localized in a region comprised between 150 and 200 nucleotides 5' from the ATG translation-start codon. Motifs potentially implicated in heterologous regulation of beta 3-adrenergic-receptor expression by glucocorticoids and by beta-adrenergic agonists have been identified upstream from these cap sites. In mouse, a second mRNA initiation region is postulated to exist further upstream. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the 3' end of the human and mouse beta 3-adrenergic-receptor genes to those of the corresponding cDNA revealed that in contrast to beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors, the beta 3-adrenergic-receptor genes comprise several exons. A large exon (1.4 kb) encodes the first 402 and 388 amino-acid residues of the human and mouse beta 3 adrenergic receptor, respectively. In man, a second exon (700 bp) contains the sequence coding for the six carboxy-terminal residues of the receptor and the entire mRNA 3' untranslated region. In mouse, a second exon (68 bp) codes for the 12 carboxy-terminal residues of the receptor and a third exon contains the beta 3-adrenergic-receptor mRNA 3' untranslated region. The use of alternate acceptor splice sites generates two forms of exon 3 (600 bp and 700 bp), yielding two beta 3-adrenergic-receptor transcripts which are differentially expressed in white and brown adipose tissues. Human beta 3-adrenergic-receptor transcripts with different 3' untranslated regions are produced by continuation of transcription beyond termination signals. Together, our results suggest that utilization of alternate promoters and/or 3' untranslated regions may allow tissue-specific regulation of beta 3-adrenergic-receptors expression.
Perceptual Based Adversarial Audio Attacks (2019)

Recent work has shown the possibility of adversarial attacks on automatic speechrecognition (ASR) systems. However, in the vast majority of work in this area, theattacks have been executed only in the digital space, or have involved short phrasesand static room settings. In this paper, we demonstrate a physically realizableaudio adversarial attack. We base our approach specifically on a psychoacoustic-property-based loss function, and automated generation of room impulse responses, to create adversarial attacks that are robust when played over a speaker in multiple environments. We show that such attacks are possible even while being virtually imperceptible to listeners.
Derivation of dimensional and material requirements for propagation and processing of temporal optical solitons in planar geometry channel waveguides (1997)

We investigate the dispersion of the group velocity of light in slab and rectangular waveguides and obtain analytic expressions for the first derivative of the propagation vector with respect to the angular frequency and numerical values for the second derivative for both geometries. The last quantity is an important parameter in the temporal soliton propagation equation, which motivates this research. Provided the dispersion within the channel can be adjusted properly, planar geometry waveguides can represent good candidates for the optical processing of temporal solitons carried by optical fibers. We discuss the manner in which the dispersion coefficient depends on waveguide dimensions and material constants, and we determine the parameters that optimize soliton processing.
Source Rocks from Seismic, Part 2 - Applications (2012)

Presence of a mature hydrocarbon source rock is vital for a petroleum system to be working. Therefore, being able to identify a source rock in the subsurface and to quantify its parameters is important for prospect risking and assessment of petroleum plays. Here we present how the results from multi-disciplinary studies of the relationships between organic content, rock properties and resulting seismic responses can be applied, in all phases of exploration, for predicting presence, extent, thickness and richness of hydrocarbon source rocks from seismic data. The proprietary method has successfully been used on datasets worldwide over a number of years. This paper is the second of two companion papers on source rock prediction from seismic (SRfS). In the companion paper we discuss the fundamentals of SRfS; here we present applications of our SRfS methodology.
Bioconjugation of Calcium Phosphosilicate Composite Nanoparticles for Selective Targeting of Human Breast and Pancreatic Cancers <i>In Vivo</i> (2010)

The early diagnosis of cancer is the critical element in successful treatment and long-term favorable patient prognoses. The high rate of mortality is mainly attributed to the tendency for late diagnoses as symptoms may not occur until the disease has metastasized, as well as the lack of effective systemic therapies. Late diagnosis is often associated with the lack of timely sensitive imaging modalities. The promise of nanotechnology is presently limited by the inability to simultaneously seek, treat, and image cancerous lesions. This study describes the design and synthesis of fluorescent calcium phosphosilicate nanocomposite particles (CPNPs) that can be systemically targeted to breast and pancreatic cancer lesions. The CPNPs are a approximately 20 nm diameter composite composed of an amorphous calcium phosphate matrix doped with silicate in which a near-infrared imaging agent, indocyanine green (ICG), is embedded. In the present studies, we describe and validate CPNP bioconjugation of human holotransferrin, anti-CD71 antibody, and short gastrin peptides via an avidin-biotin or a novel PEG-maleimide coupling strategy. The conjugation of biotinylated human holotransferrin (diferric transferrin) and biotinylated anti-CD71 antibody (anti-transferrin receptor antibody) to avidin-conjugated CPNPs (Avidin-CPNPs) permits targeting of transferrin receptors, which are highly expressed on breast cancer cells. Similarly, the conjugation of biotinylated pentagastrin to Avidin-CPNPs and decagastrin (gastrin-10) to PEG-CPNPs via PEG-maleimide coupling permits targeting of gastrin receptors, which are overexpressed in pancreatic cancer lesions. These bioconjugated CPNPs have the potential to perform as a theranostic modality, simultaneously enhancing drug delivery, targeting, and imaging of breast and pancreatic cancer tumors.
Antibody therapeutics for emerging infectious diseases: Ebola virus and others (2020)

Abstract Developing medical countermeasures against emerging infectious diseases remains a challenging task. Ebola virus, Crimean CongoHemorrhagic Fever Virus, and Hantaviruses are ever growing threats on the global landscape. A consortium of worldwide researchers has developed a platform for novel monoclonal antibody discovery. This platform is predicated on the understanding that harvesting antibody sequences from convalescent survivors of previous outbreaks may lead to the most effective treatments for future outbreaks. Utilizing flow cytometric sorting of antigen-specific memory B cells for the elucidation of heavy and light chain sequences, novel biologics were identified and generated for evaluation. Specifically, a cocktail of two monoclonal antibodies was discovered and developed for Sudan virus, Ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo virus. Previously, published antivirals have been virus-specific with no cross reactivity against additional species of virus beyond the original agent. This cocktail of monoclonals neutralized and provided efficacy against infection with each of these viruses in animal models (rodent and non-human primate studies). This cocktail is currently being moved into advanced development and phase I clinical trials. More generally, this successful discovery platform is currently being utilized for developing novel monoclonal treatments for alphaviruses, hantaviruses, arenaviruses and other filoviruses. New data on the development of biologics against these agents will be discussed as well.
NCAM‐derived peptides function as agonists for the fibroblast growth factor receptor (2008)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) directly interacts with the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). Both fibronectin type III (FN3) modules of NCAM are involved in this interaction. One of the NCAM-FGFR contact sites has been localized recently to the upper N-terminal part of the second NCAM FN3 module encompassing the F and G beta-strands and the interconnecting loop region. Here, we investigated whether any of the six putative strand-loop-strand regions in the first NCAM FN3 module are involved in FGFR interactions. Peptide sequences encompassing these regions, termed encamins, were synthesized and tested for their ability to bind and activate FGFR. Encamins localized to the N-terminal part of the first FN3 module did not interact with FGFR, whereas encamins localized to the C-terminal part, termed EncaminA, C and E, bound to and activated FGFR. The encamins induced FGFR-dependent neurite outgrowth, and EncaminC and E promoted neuronal survival and enhanced pre-synaptic function. In conclusion, the interaction between NCAM and FGFR probably involves multiple contact sites at an interface formed by the two NCAM FN3 modules and FGFR, and encamins could constitute important pharmacological tools for the study of specific functional aspects of NCAM, including neuroprotection and modulation of plasticity.
A Microfabricated Platform to Measure and Manipulate the Mechanics of Engineered Cardiac Microtissues (2012)

Cardiac tissue engineering is currently limited by the incapacity to test the wide range of parameters that might impact the engineered tissue in a high throughput and combinatorial manner. Here we used microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology to generate arrays of cardiac microtissues (CMTs) embedded within three-dimensional micropatterned matrices. Microcantilevers constrain CMT contraction and report generated forces. We demonstrate the ability to routinely produce ∼200 CMTs per million cardiac cells whose spontaneous contraction frequency, duration, and forces can be tracked. Independently varying the mechanical stiffness of the cantilevers and collagen matrix revealed that the CMT contractility increased with boundary or matrix rigidity. We also show that the combination of electrical stimulation and auxotonic load strongly improve both the structure and the function of the CMTs. Finally, we demonstrate the suitability of our technique for high throughput monitoring of drug-induced changes in spontaneous frequency or contractility in CMTs.
Tensor Body: Real-Time Reconstruction of the Human Body and Avatar Synthesis From RGB-D (2013)

Real-time 3-D reconstruction of the human body has many applications in anthropometry, telecommunications, gaming, fashion, and other areas of human-computer interaction. In this paper, a novel framework is presented for reconstructing the 3-D model of the human body from a sequence of RGB-D frames. The reconstruction is performed in real time while the human subject moves arbitrarily in front of the camera. The method employs a novel parameterization of cylindrical-type objects using Cartesian tensor and b-spline bases along the radial and longitudinal dimension respectively. The proposed model, dubbed tensor body, is fitted to the input data using a multistep framework that involves segmentation of the different body regions, robust filtering of the data via a dynamic histogram, and energy-based optimization with positive-definite constraints. A Riemannian metric on the space of positive-definite tensor splines is analytically defined and employed in this framework. The efficacy of the presented methods is demonstrated in several real-data experiments using the Microsoft Kinect sensor.
Peer-to-peer anonymous networking using coding (2012)

In this paper, we consider design and analysis of coding-based anonymous routing systems in peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay networks. An unknown subset of participating nodes is adversarial, and can collude to try to identify the communicating nodes through passive observations. The first part of this work considers subgraph setup in the absence of a reliable public key infrastructure (PKI). As in the “slicing the onion” scheme proposed by Katti et al., a sender constructs a layered subgraph over which coding is performed, but we propose a new coding scheme with a formal information theoretic security characterization. We consider optimization of protocol parameters to maximize the adversary's uncertainty, as measured by the entropy of the source and sink identities, and show that a randomized strategy can improve anonymity and resource usage efficiency. The second part of this work focuses on the data transmission phase, assuming availability of a subgraph setup scheme (either PKI-based or coding-based) and end-to-end encryption. We use network coding at intermediate nodes to improve networking performance and reduce complexity by replacing expensive cryptographic operations at each hop with simpler linear algebra operations.
On the "door-corridor" model of gel electrophoresis. II. Developments related to new gels, capillary gel electrophoresis and gel chromatography. (1994)

An excellent separation of small DNA fragments is possible also at a low total polymer concentration. This is illustrated with novel gels containing 1% of the cross-linked agarose polymers. In gel-filled capillaries, preelectrophoresis in the direction opposite to that of separation may create gel discontinuities capable not only of separating, but also of concentrating the migrating molecules. Such capillaries are able to provide an efficiency in the range of 100 x 10(6) theoretical plates per meter. It is proposed that electrophoretic separations in gel-filled capillaries have to be performed at high field strengths in order to achieve the optimal ratio between gel resistance and electrokinetic forces. When considered in terms of the forces exerted on the gel polymers by the migrating macromolecules, gel filtration and gel electrophoresis appear as two profoundly different techniques.
Perceptually tuned generation of grayscale fonts (1995)

A new approach to grayscale font generation improves on the fuzzy characters produced by existing methods by incorporating the expertise of type designers into rules for character-outline weight and phase control. The method we propose for synthesizing high-contrast grayscale characters relies on the set of visual rules that type designers have derived from their many years of manual design. We call our grayscaling method 'perceptually tuned font generation', because it is based on human perception-that of both the designer and the reader.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Harmonic multiplication using resonant tunneling (1988)

We propose and demonstrate an odd-harmonic resistive multiplier that exploits the unique current-voltage (I-V) relation of resonant-tunneling diodes. It is shown that efficient odd-harmonic conversion is possible and that even harmonics do not appear because of the antisymmetry of the I-V curve. In addition, with the proper choice of resonant-tunneling structure and pump amplitude, most of the harmonic output power can be confined to a single, odd-harmonic frequency. Fifth-harmonic multiplication has been demonstrated with output at 21.75 GHz and a power conversion efficiency of 0.5% in a coaxial circuit. Circuit simulation using an improved I-V curve yields a fifth-harmonic efficiency of 2.7%, suggesting that useful harmonic output in the millimeter and submillimeter spectrum should be achievable.
Employing ionomer-based membrane pair technology to extract water from brine (2012)

Closing the water loop on long duration spaceflight missions is a key aspect of reducing mission mass and logistics support for orbiting facilities and interplanetary spacecraft. At present, no single practical process exists that is capable of extracting purified water from the wastewater stream in a single step. Recently, the use of synthetic membranes has shown promise in simplifying water purification systems. To build on this work, Paragon Space Development Corporation® (Paragon) researched the use of a microporous-ionomer membrane pair, or ionomer water processor (IWP), under a Phase I NASA SBIR to improve the robustness and effectiveness of membrane-based water/brine separation processes. The microporous membrane prevents liquid wastewater from direct contact with the ionomer, a condition that would reduce the effectiveness of the ionomer. A test rig was built and used to test the brine dewatering capabilities of the ionomer-microporous membrane pair. The hydrophobic side of an ionomer-microporous membrane pair was exposed to both liquid and vapor pretreated urine ersatz brine. The water vapor that transported across the membrane was collected as condensate and sent to a lab for analyses. While still not a singlestep solution to water recovery, prominent findings suggest that a brine dewatering system based on ionomer-microporous membrane pair technology shows great potential to reduce the complexity of water recovery systems. Of note: (1) the membrane pair can function in both liquid-contact and vapor-contact modes, which is important for zero-gravity operation, (2) the membrane pair was shown to prevent 98%-99% of brine stock TOCs and up to 99.8% of ammonium from entering the product stream (permeate), (3) near-complete drying of the brine can be accomplished with this technology, (4) temperatures to drive permeation are consistent with ECLSS waste heat, and (5) permeation rates suggest reasonable unit size can be designed.