gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Availability of free-space optics (FSO) and hybrid FSO/RF systems (2001)

Free Space Optics (FSO) has become a viable, high-bandwidth wireless alternative to fiber optic cabling. The primary advantages of FSO over fiber are its rapid deployment time and significant cost savings. The disadvantage of FSO over fiber is that laser power attenuation through the atmosphere is variable and difficult to predict, since it is weather airports, the link availability as a function of distance can be predicted for any FSO system. These availability curves provide a good indication of the reasonable link distances for FSO systems in a particular geographical area. FSO link distances can vary greatly from desert areas like Las Vegas to heavy-fog cities like St. Johns NF. Another factor in determining FSO distance limitations is the link availability expectation of the application. For enterprise applications, link availability requirements are generally greater than 99%. This allows for longer FSO link ranges, based on the availability curves. The enterprise market is where the majority of FSO systems have been deployed. The carriers and ISPs are another potential large user of FSO systems, especially for last-mile metro access applications. If FSO systems are to be used in telecommunication applications, they will need to meet much higher availability requirements. Carrier-class availability is generally considered to be 99.999% (5 nines). An analysis of link budgets and visibility-limiting weather conditions indicates that to meet carrier-class availability, FSO links should normally be less than 140m (there are cities like Phoenix and Las Vegas where this 99.999% distance limitation increases significantly). This calculation is based on a 53 dB link budget. This concept is extended to the best possible FSO system, which would have a 10 W transmitter and a photocounting detector with a sensitivity of 1 nW. This FSO system would have a 100 dB link margin, which would only increase the 99.999% link distance to 286 m. A more practical solution to extending the high availability range would be to back up the FSO link with a lower data rate radio frequency (RF) link. This hybrid FSO/RF system would extend the 99.999% link range to longer distances and open up a much larger metro/access market to the carriers. It is important to realize that as the link range increases, there will be a slight decrease in overall bandwidth. To show the geographical dependence of FSO performance, the first map of FSO availabilities contoured over North America is presented. This map is the first step to developing an attenuation map for predicting FSO performance, which could be used in similar fashion to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)/Crane maps for predicting microwave performance.
Scotty (2021)

Window aggregation is a core operation in data stream processing. Existing aggregation techniques focus on reducing latency, eliminating redundant computations, or minimizing memory usage. However, each technique operates under different assumptions with respect to workload characteristics, such as properties of aggregation functions (e.g., invertible, associative), window types (e.g., sliding, sessions), windowing measures (e.g., time- or count-based), and stream (dis)order. In this article, we present Scotty , an efficient and general open-source operator for sliding-window aggregation in stream processing systems, such as Apache Flink, Apache Beam, Apache Samza, Apache Kafka, Apache Spark, and Apache Storm. One can easily extend Scotty with user-defined aggregation functions and window types. Scotty implements the concept of general stream slicing and derives workload characteristics from aggregation queries to improve performance without sacrificing its general applicability. We provide an in-depth view on the algorithms of the general stream slicing approach. Our experiments show that Scotty outperforms alternative solutions.
Therapy with Muslim Couples and Families: Basic Guidelines for Effective Practice (2009)

Despite the growing numbers of Muslims in the United States, there is a scarcity of research dealing with mental health practitioners working with Muslim families. This lack of research may leave clinicians unprepared to adequately help Muslim patients and families faced with discrimination and misunderstanding, which may inadvertently lead to the perpetuation of biases in therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is (a) to provide mental health practitioners with foundational information regarding the Islamic faith and the values of the traditional Muslim families and (b) to provide culturally sensitive guidelines for clinical practice.
Light and Matter (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Classical radiation interaction Two-level atoms Stimulated and spontaneous radiation processes Inversion and amplification Problems for chapter 6
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELING OF HYPERSPECTRAL RADIOMETRIC DATA FOR QUALITY CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AVOCADOS DURING STORAGE (2010)

ABSTRACT Artificial neural network (ANN) and hyperspectral techniques were used to model quality changes in avocados during storage at different temperatures. Avocados were coated using a pectin-based emulsion and stored at different temperatures (10, 15, 20C), along with uncoated control samples. At different time intervals during storage period, respiration rate, total color difference, texture and weight loss of samples were measured as conventional quality parameters. Hyperspectral imaging was used to evaluate spectral properties of avocados. Multilayer ANNs were used in two ways to develop models for predicting quality parameters during storage. In the first set, ANN models were developed based on principal components of hyperspectral data as well as storage temperature and time. The optimal configuration of neural network model was obtained by varying the different model parameters. Results indicated ANN models to be accurate and versatile and they predicted the quality changes in avocado fruits better than the conventional regression models; furthermore, the storage time–temperature-based ANN models were better than the hyperspectra-based ANN models. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The manuscript evaluates the use of artificial neural network (ANN) models to relate the postharvest quality of avocados to traditional process variables like storage time and temperature. To provide a new objective method, data were also gathered from nondestructive hyperspectral radiometric technique as opposed to simple linking of quality of avocados to storage variables. ANN models were trained using both sets of data and were compared. The study demonstrated the ANN models to be more accurate in predicting the quality changes in avocado fruits than the conventional regression models; and furthermore, the storage time–temperature-based ANN models were better than the hyperspectra-based ANN models. ANN techniques are currently being used in many food process-modeling applications. The study demonstrates the importance of new modeling techniques in predicting the quality of stored produce as well as the validity of well-recognized storage parameters like temperature and time to be more important in quality considerations.
Transcriptome analyses and biofilm-forming characteristics of a clonal Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the cystic fibrosis lung (2008)

Transmissible Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones potentially pose a serious threat to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The AES-1 clone has been found to infect up to 40 % of patients in five CF centres in eastern Australia. Studies were carried out on clonal and non-clonal (NC) isolates from chronically infected CF patients, and the reference strain PAO1, to gain insight into the properties of AES-1. The transcriptomes of AES-1 and NC isolates, and of PAO1, grown planktonically and as a 72 h biofilm were compared using PAO1 microarrays. Microarray data were validated using real-time PCR. Overall, most differentially expressed genes were downregulated. AES-1 differentially expressed bacteriophage genes, novel motility genes, and virulence and quorum-sensing-related genes, compared with both PAO1 and NC. AES-1 but not NC biofilms significantly downregulated aerobic respiration genes compared with planktonic growth, suggesting enhanced anaerobic/microaerophilic growth by AES-1. Biofilm measurement showed that AES-1 formed significantly larger and thicker biofilms than NC or PAO1 isolates. This may be related to expression of the gene PA0729, encoding a biofilm-enhancing bacteriophage, identified by PCR in all AES-1 but few NC isolates (n=42). Links with the Liverpool epidemic strain included the presence of PA0729 and the absence of the bacteriophage gene cluster PA0632-PA0639. No common markers were found with the Manchester strain. No particular differentially expressed gene in AES-1 could definitively be ascribed a role in its infectivity, thus increasing the likelihood that AES-1 infectivity is multi-factorial and possibly involves novel genes. This study extends our understanding of the transcriptomic and genetic differences between clonal and NC strains of P. aeruginosa from CF lung.
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Angiogenesis <i>In vitro</i> and <i>Ex vivo</i> (2007)

Previous studies, including those from our laboratory, have revealed that phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a constituent of many edible cruciferous vegetables, not only affords significant protection against chemically induced cancer in animal models but also inhibits growth of cancer cells in culture and in vivo by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. We now report a novel response to PEITC involving inhibition of angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo at pharmacologically achievable concentrations. The PEITC treatment caused a decrease in survival of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The capillary-like tube structure formation (in vitro neovascularization) and migration (invasion potential) by HUVEC was also inhibited significantly in the presence of PEITC at pharmacologically relevant concentrations (<1 mumol/L). The PEITC-mediated inhibition of angiogenic features of HUVEC in vitro was associated with suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, down-regulation of VEGF receptor 2 protein levels, and inactivation of prosurvival serine-threonine kinase Akt. The PEITC treatment reduced migration by PC-3 human prostate cancer cells, which correlated with inactivation of Akt and suppression of VEGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion. The PEITC-mediated inhibition of PC-3 cell migration was statistically significantly attenuated by ectopic expression of constitutively active Akt. Most importantly, PEITC treatment inhibited ex vivo angiogenesis as revealed by chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane assay. In conclusion, the present study suggests that inhibition of angiogenesis may be an important mechanism in cancer chemoprevention by PEITC.
Sharply bent optical waveguide silicon-on-insulator substrate (2001)

We fabricated optical waveguides with a relative refractive index difference of maximally 45 percent on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. We designed the Si channel using the finite difference time domain simulation and fabricated using electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching. The single or quasi-single mode propagation was observed for channel width of 0.3 - 1.0 microns and thickness of 0.32 microns at a wavelength of 1.55 microns. Propagation loss evaluated using the Fabry-Perot resonance method was of 10 inverse cm order for these channel widths. The large effective index of the guided mode over 4.5 was also observed, which well agreed with the simulation. When channel width was 0.5 microns, the bend loss of 0 - 1 dB was roughly evaluated even though the bend radius was 0.5 - 9.5 microns. The similar low loss was also confirmed for half circular disk waveguides butt-joined to use as 90-degree-bends. These results suggest the potential of an ultra-high density optical wiring in lightwave circuits.
4-Ipomeanol: A Novel Investigational New Drug for Lung Cancer (1989)

4-Ipomeanol (IPO) is the first agent to undergo preclinical development at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) based principally on a specific biochemical-biological rationale for clinical investigation as an antineoplastic agent targeted against lung cancer. This disease-specific development of IPO was initially stimulated by observations that the compound was activated by metabolism, preferentially within the mammalian lung, specifically within bronchiolar Clara cells, and that its predominant toxicity was to the lung in most species. IPO is inactive or only minimally active against most conventional antitumor test systems. However, some human lung cancer cell lines, as well as a variety of fresh human lung tumor biopsy specimens, have been shown to be capable of mediating the in situ biotransformation of IPO to a potentially cytotoxic intermediate. In this report, the biochemistry, metabolism, preclinical pharmacology, and toxicology of IPO are reviewed and the clinical development plans for this unique and challenging new agent are presented.
Kinetics of reaction of C<sub>36</sub> dimeric fatty acids and ethylenediamine in solution (1992)

Abstract Kinetic studies were carried out on the reaction between ethylenediamine and C 36 dimeric fatty acids using benzyl alcohol as solvent. The reaction was performed at four different temperatures in the range of 160–190°C, and the products were analyzed for acid and amine values intermittently to follow the reaction. The fall in both the values was almost the same throughout the reaction. The kinetics was determined from the fall in acid value, and the reaction was found to be of overall third order and had an activation energy of 30.7 kcal mol −1 (128.5 kJ mol −1 ).
Purified human chondroitin-4-sulfate reduced MMP/TIMP imbalance induced by iron plus ascorbate in human fibroblast cultures (2005)

Imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is an important control point in tissue remodelling. Several findings have reported a marked MMP/TIMP imbalance in a variety of in vitro models in which oxidative stress was induced. Since previous studies showed that commercial hyaluronan and chondroitin-4-sulphate are able to limit lipid peroxidation during oxidative stress, we investigated the antioxidant capacity of purified human plasma chondroitin-4-sulfate in reducing MMP and TIMP imbalance in a model of ROS-induced oxidative injury in fibroblast cultures. Purified human plasma chondroitin-4-sulfate was added to the fibroblast cultures exposed to FeSO4 plus ascorbate. We assayed cell death, MMP and TIMP mRNA expression and protein activities, DNA damage, membrane lipid peroxidation, and aconitase depletion. FeSO4 plus ascorbate produced severe death of cells and increased MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and protein activities. It also caused DNA strand breaks, enhanced lipid peroxidation and decreased aconitase. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein levels and mRNA expression remain unaltered. Purified human plasma C4S, at three different doses, restored the MMP/TIMP homeostasis, increased cell survival, reduced DNA damage, inhibited lipid peroxidation and limited impairment of aconitase. These results further support the hypothesis that these biomolecules possess antioxidant activity and by reducing ROS production C4S may limit cell injury produced by MMP/TIMP imbalance.
Knowledge Base Completion: Baselines Strike Back (2017)

Many papers have been published on the knowledge base completion task in the past few years. Most of these introduce novel architectures for relation learning that are evaluated on standard datasets such as FB15k and WN18. This paper shows that the accuracy of almost all models published on the FB15k can be outperformed by an appropriately tuned baseline -our reimplementation of the Dist-Mult model. Our findings cast doubt on the claim that the performance improvements of recent models are due to architectural changes as opposed to hyperparameter tuning or different training objectives. This should prompt future research to re-consider how the performance of models is evaluated and reported.
Best Practices in Skin Care for the Multiple Sclerosis Patient Receiving Injectable Therapies (2010)

Although a cure for multiple sclerosis (MS) has not yet been discovered, a number of treatment options are available to help control symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). These include disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) such as beta-interferons, glatiramer acetate, and natalizumab. Disease-modifying therapies requiring frequent, self-administered injections can be particularly troublesome for some patients, as they may result in localized skin reactions at the injection site. A variety of injection-site reactions (ISRs) have been reported, including pain and erythema, lipoatrophy, abscesses and infections, necrosis, rash, swelling, and lumps. In order to appropriately distinguish between normal and abnormal reactions and to determine when further intervention is required, nurses involved in the care of patients with MS should be knowledgeable about the potential ISRs associated with DMTs. This best practices document was developed by a panel of Canadian MS clinic nurses in order to increase recognition among nurses that MS patients are at high risk for skin-site reactions with injectable therapies, and to provide the basis for skin-care practices in these patients. It reviews the risk factors associated with adverse skin reactions in MS patients treated with injectable therapies; the current attitudes and beliefs of nurses with respect to skin care; and the optimal skin-care interventions for MS patients at risk for adverse skin reactions when treated with injectable therapies. Areas requiring further research are discussed.
Hybrid, Silica-Coated, Janus-Like Plasmonic-Magnetic Nanoparticles (2011)

Hybrid plasmonic-magnetic nanoparticles possess properties that are attractive in bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, <i>in vivo</i> diagnosis and therapy. The stability and toxicity, however, of such nanoparticles challenge their safe use today. Here, biocompatible, SiO<sub>2</sub>-coated, Janus-like Ag/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles are prepared by one-step, scalable flame aerosol technology. A nanothin SiO<sub>2</sub> shell around these multifunctional nanoparticles leaves intact their morphology, magnetic and plasmonic properties but minimizes the release of toxic Ag<sup>+</sup> ions from the nanosilver surface and its direct contact with live cells. Furthermore, this silica shell hinders flocculation and allows for easy dispersion of such nanoparticles in aqueous and biological buffer (PBS) solutions without any extra functionalization step. As a result, these hybrid particles exhibited no cytotoxicity during bioimaging and remained stable in suspension with no signs of agglomeration and sedimentation or settling. Their performance as biomarkers was explored by selectively binding them with live tagged Raji and HeLa cells enabling their detection under dark-filed illumination. Therefore, these SiO<sub>2</sub>-coated Ag/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles do not exhibit the limiting physical properties of each individual component but retain their desired functionalities facilitating thus, the safe use of such hybrid nanoparticles in bio-applications.
Pathology and Therapy in Naturally Eimeria stiedae-Infected Rabbits (2000)

Clinical hepatic coccidiosis in New Zealand white rabbits (n=24) of either sex (aged 1-2\nmonth) with clinical signs, pathology an therapy is presented. The infected rabbits showed\nanorexia, reluctance to move and death within 3-4 days. Liver showed irregular whitish nodules\nscattered on its surface and in deeper parenchyma. Characteristic histopathologjcal changes in\nliver with different developmental stages of Eimeria stiedae in the epithelial cells of bile ducts\nhave been recorded. Treatment of infected rabbits with 2.5% oltrazuril (Baycox) at 25 ppm in\nwater for 2 days was highly effective. The oocysts is appeared in the faeces on day 6 after\ntreatment. No mortality was seen in treated rabbits while all the infected untreated rabbits died\nwith in a period of 7 days.
The small-nucleolar RNAs commonly used for microRNA normalisation correlate with tumour pathology and prognosis (2011)

Small-nucleolar RNAs are important in cancer prognosis, and their use as reference genes can introduce bias when determining miRNA expression.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GroEL (hsp60) of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>against lethal infection in mice (2009)

The present study was carried out to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GroEL (hsp60) of Streptococcus pneumoniae, by expressing full length GroEL in heterologous host Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). PCR-amplified groEL was ligated in pQE 30 expression vector and subsequently transformed in E. coli DH5alpha strains. Cloning of groEL was confirmed by double digestion, followed by DNA sequencing. The His-tag containing recombinant GroEL was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. To determine the immunogenicity of GroEL, the mice were immunized by injecting 40 microg GroEL protein per mouse intraperitoneally. The results showed a significant increase in antibody titre and lymphocyte proliferation in animals immunized with GroEL as compared with control. Further, there was an appreciable increase in interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production in lymphocytes isolated from immunized mice as compared with control. To determine the efficacy of GroEL in eliciting protection, the mice were challenged with the lethal dose of S. pneumoniae A66 type 3 capsular strain intranasally after the seventh day of the last immunization. In the GroEL-immunized mice the onset of death was insignificantly delayed and all the mice died by the seventh day postinfection.
Novel Approaches to the Control of Oral Microbial Biofilms (2018)

Effective management of biofilm-related oral infectious diseases is a global challenge. Oral biofilm presents increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and elevated virulence compared with planktonic bacteria. Antimicrobial agents, such as chlorhexidine, have proven effective in the disruption/inhibition of oral biofilm. However, the challenge of precisely and continuously eliminating the specific pathogens without disturbing the microbial ecology still exists, which is a major factor in determining the virulence of a multispecies microbial consortium and the consequent development of oral infectious diseases. Therefore, several novel approaches are being developed to inhibit biofilm virulence without necessarily inducing microbial dysbiosis of the oral cavity. Nanoparticles, such as pH-responsive enzyme-mimic nanoparticles, have been developed to specifically target the acidic niches within the oral biofilm where tooth demineralization readily occurs, in effect controlling dental caries. Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) such as dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), when incorporated into dental adhesives or resin composite, have also shown excellent and durable antimicrobial activity and thus could effectively inhibit the occurrence of secondary caries. In addition, custom-designed small molecules, natural products and their derivatives, as well as basic amino acids such as arginine, have demonstrated ecological effects by modulating the virulence of the oral biofilm without universally killing the commensal bacteria, indicating a promising approach to the management of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases. This article aims to introduce these novel approaches that have shown potential in the control of oral biofilm. These methods may be utilized in the near future to effectively promote the clinical management of oral infectious diseases and thus benefit oral health.