gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On optimizing template matching via performance characterization (2005)

Template matching is a fundamental operator in computer vision and is widely used in feature tracking, motion estimation, image alignment, and mosaicing. Under a certain parameterized warping model, the traditional template matching algorithm estimates the geometric warp parameters that minimize the SSD between the target and a warped template. The performance of the template matching can be characterized by deriving the distribution of warp parameter estimate as a function of the ideal template, the ideal warp parameters, and a given noise or perturbation model. In this paper, we assume a discretization of the warp parameter space and derive the theoretical expression for the probability mass function (PMF) of the parameter estimate. As the PMF is also a function of the template size, we can optimize the choice of the template or block size by determining the template/block size that gives the estimate with minimum entropy. Experimental results illustrate the correctness of the theory. An experiment involving feature point tracking in face video is shown to illustrate the robustness of the algorithm in a real-world problem.
Adult bone marrow-derived stem cells use R-cadherin to target sites of neovascularization in the developing retina (2004)

Adult bone marrow contains a population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that can give rise to cells capable of targeting sites of neovascularization in the peripheral or retinal vasculature. However, relatively little is known about the mechanism of targeting of these cells to sites of neovascularization. We have analyzed subpopulations of HSCs for the expression of a variety of cell surface adhesion molecules and found that R-cadherin, a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule important for normal retinal endothelial cell guidance, was preferentially expressed by functionally targeting HSCs. Preincubation of HSCs with function-blocking anti-R-cadherin antibodies or novel R-cadherin-specific peptide antagonists effectively prevented targeting of bone marrow-derived cells to the developing retinal vasculature in vivo. Whereas control-injected HSCs targeted to all 3 normal developing retinal vascular layers, blocking R-cadherin-mediated adhesion resulted in mistargeting of the HSCs to the normally avascular outer retina. Our results suggest that vascular targeting of bone marrow-derived HSCs is dependent on mechanisms similar to those used by endogenous retinal vascular endothelial cells. Thus, R-cadherin antagonists may be useful in the treatment of neovascular diseases in which circulating HSCs contribute to abnormal angiogenesis.
Traffic Aware Planner for Cockpit-based Trajectory Optimization (2016)

The Traffic Aware Planner (TAP) software application is a cockpit-based advisory tool designed to be hosted on an Electronic Flight Bag and to enable and test the NASA concept of Traffic Aware Strategic Aircrew Requests (TASAR). The TASAR concept provides pilots with optimized route changes (including altitude) that reduce fuel burn and/or flight time, avoid interactions with known traffic, weather and restricted airspace, and may be used by the pilots to request a route and/or altitude change from Air Traffic Control. Developed using an iterative process, TAP's latest improvements include human-machine interface design upgrades and added functionality based on the results of human-in-the-loop simulation experiments and flight trials. Architectural improvements have been implemented to prepare the system for operational-use trials with partner commercial airlines. Future iterations will enhance coordination with airline dispatch and add functionality to improve the acceptability of TAP-generated route-change requests to pilots, dispatchers, and air traffic controllers.
The automated text adaptation tool (2007)

Text adaptation is a teacher practice used to help with reading comprehension and English language skills development for English language learners (ELLs) (Carlo, August, McLaughlin, Snow, Dressler, Lippman, Lively, & White, 2004; Echevarria, Vogt and Short, 2004; Yano, Long and Ross, 1994). The practice of text adaptation involves a teacher's modification of texts to make them more understandable, given a student's reading level. Teacher adaptations include text summaries, vocabulary support (e.g., providing synonyms), and translation. It is a time-consuming, but critical practice for K-12 teachers who teach ELLs, since reading-level appropriate texts are often hard to find. To this end, we have implemented the Automated Text Adaptation Tool v. 1.0 (ATA v. 1.0): an innovative, educational tool that automatically generates text adaptations similar to those teachers might create. We have also completed a teacher pilot study. Schwarm and Ostendorf (2005), and Heilman, Collins-Thompson, Callan, and Eskenazi (2006) describe related research addressing the development of NLP-based reading support tools.
Use of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> in combination or alternation with fungicides to control cucumber grey mould ( <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> ) under commercial greenhouse conditions (1993)

A preparation of Trichoderma harzianum was sprayed on cucumber plants in greenhouses in order to control fruit and stem grey mould. Up to 90% control was achieved by the biocontrol agent (0·5–1·0 g/l) which in most experiments under commercial conditions was as effective as the dicarboximide fungicides iprodione or vinclozolin (0·5 g/l each) alone or alternated with diethofencarb + carbendazim (0·25 g/l each). However, in one experiment disease incidence in Trichoderma ‐treated plots did not differ significantly from the control. A mixture of T. harzianum with a dicarboximide fungicide resulted in up to 96% control of grey mould. In this case control was always significant ( P =0·05) but improvement of control compared with each treatment alone was not significant ( P =0·05). The alternation of sprays with the biocontrol preparation and with a dicarboximide fungicide was tested in three out of the five experiments and was found to be effective, thus enabling a reduction in the use of chemical sprays. Populations of T. harzianum were on a level of 3 × 10 5 ‐8 × 10 5 c.f.u. per leaf and ten times lower on one fruit. They remained high after the second and third sprays. Conditions favouring the ability of T. harzianum to control grey mould were temperatures above 20°C and relative humidity between 80 and 97%.
Modeling and Control of Mid-flight Coupling of Quadrotors: A new concept for Quadrotor cooperation (2020)

Multirotor vehicles, quadrotors specifically, have formed a fast-growing field in robotics, with the range of applications spanning from surveillance and reconnaissance to agriculture and large area mapping. Although in most applications, a single quadrotors is used, there is an increasing interest in architectures controlling multiple quadrotors executing a collaborative task. This paper introduces a new concept of control involving more than one quadrotors, according to which two quadrotors can be physically coupled in mid-flight. This concept equips the quadrotors with new capabilities, e.g. increased payload or pursuit and capturing of other quadrotors. A comprehensive analysis of the approach is presented for the system of two coupled quadrotors. The dynamics and modeling of the coupled system is presented together with a discussion regarding the coupling mechanism and the overall control architecture. Controller gains were found using Linear Quadratic Control (LQR) techniques combined with Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) gain scheduling to account for the change in system dynamics to ensure stability and satisfactory response characteristics in actual experiments. Finally, the proposed methods are evaluated through an experiment that involved physical coupling and coupled flight of a pair of quadrotors.
Copoly(arlene ether)s containing pendant sulfonic acid groups as proton exchange membrane (2024)

A copoly(arylene ether) (PAE) with high fluorine content and a copoly(arylene ether nitrile) (PAEN) with high nitrile content, each containing pendant phenyl sulfonic acids were synthesized. The P AE and PAEN were prepared from decafluorobiphenyl (DFBP) and difluorobenzonitrile (DFBN) respectively, by polycondensation with 2-phenylhydroquinone (PHQ) by conventional aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions. The sulfonic acid groups were introduced by mild post-sulfonation exclusively on the para-position of the pendant phenyl ring in PHQ. The membrane properties of the resulting sulfonated copolymers sP AE and sP AEN were compared for fuel cell applications. The copolymers sPAE and sPAEN, each having a degree of sulfonation (DS) of 1.0 had high ion exchange capacities (IEC{sub v}(wet) (volume-based, wet state)) of 1.77 and 2.55 meq./cm{sup 3}, high proton conductivities of 135.4 and 140.1 mS/cm at 80 C, and acceptable volume-based water uptake of 44.5-51.9 vol% at 80 C, respectively, compared to Nafion. The data points of these copolymer membranes are located in the area of outstanding properties in the trade-off plot of alternative hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte membranes (PEM) for the relationship between proton conductivity versus water uptake (weight based or volume based). Furthermore, the relative selectivity derived from proton conductivity and methanol permeability is higher than that of Nafion.
321 DEVELOPMENT IN VIVO AND IN VITRO OF PORCINE OOCYTES FERTILIZED BY INTRACYTOPLASMIC INJECTION OF A FREEZE-DRIED SPERM HEAD (2004)

The present study investigated the development in vivo and in vitro of in vitro matured porcine oocytes injected with a freeze-dried (FD) boar sperm head. In mice, DNA damage was induced during the holding period after rehydration and before sperm injection (Wakayama, T. and Yanagimachi, R. 1998, Nat. Biotechnol., 16, 639–641). Here, we examined the relationship between duration of rehydration of FD sperm and in vitro development of FD sperm-injected porcine oocytes. We also assessed the in vivo developmental competence of the injected oocytes after embryo transfer. Ejaculated boar spermatozoa were suspended in Pig-FM (Suzuki, K. et al. 2002, Int. J. Androl. 25, 84–93) and sonicated for 1 min to separate sperm heads from the tails. An aliquot (100 µL) of the sperm suspension was put into a glass tube and then pre-cooled at -40°C for 6 h. Each tube was attached to a freeze-dry system (DuraDry µP, FTS Systems, Stone Ridge, NY, USA) for 12 h. The ampules were closed and stored at 4°C for more than 7 days before use. For rehydration, 100 µL of distilled water was added into the ampules. In Experiment I, we injected FD sperm heads which were kept for 0–60, 60–120, or 120–180 min after rehydration. At 1 h after the injection, the injected oocytes were stimulated with a DC pulse and cultured for 6 days. The rate of blastocyst formation and the number of cells in the blastocysts were examined. Embryos after in vitro fertilization (IVF) were evaluated as a control. As shown in Table 1, the rates of blastocyst formation were not different (by ?2 test) for duration of rehydration and the control. However, the cell numbers of FD groups were lower (P &lt; 0.05; by Student's t-test) than that in the control. In Experiment II, oocytes injected with a single FD sperm head and stimulated were transferred to both oviducts of a total of ten recipient gilts. Two recipients were diagnosed as pregnant at Day 30 of gestation. At Day 39, one of the pregnant recipients had an abortion, and two fetuses were recovered. The other pregnancy was not maintained. The results suggest that oocytes fertilized with a single FD sperm head have competence to be implanted and to develop to the early fetal stage, and also that the duration for rehydration does not influence in vitro developmental ability in pigs. Table 1. Effects of the duration from rehydration of freeze-dried sperm heads to the injection of the heads into in vitro matured oocytes on in vitro development of the oocytes in pigs
Magnetic Assembly of Soft Robots with Hard Components (2013)

This paper describes the modular magnetic assembly of reconfigurable, pneumatically actuated robots composed of soft and hard components and materials. The soft components of these hybrid robots are actuators fabricated from silicone elastomers using soft lithography, and the hard components are acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) structures made using 3D printing. Neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) ring magnets are embedded in these components to make and maintain the connections between components. The reversibility of these magnetic connections allows the rapid reconfiguration of these robots using components made of different materials (soft and hard) that also have different sizes, structures, and functions; in addition, it accelerates the testing of new designs, the exploration of new capabilities, and the repair or replacement of damaged parts. This method of assembling soft actuators to build soft machines addresses some limitations associated with using soft lithography for the direct molding of complex 3D pneumatic networks. Combining the self‐aligning property of magnets with pneumatic control makes it possible for a teleoperator to modify the structures and capabilities of these robots readily in response to the requirements of different tasks.
Structured Feature Learning for Pose Estimation (2016)

In this paper, we propose a structured feature learning framework to reason the correlations among body joints at the feature level in human pose estimation. Different from existing approaches of modeling structures on score maps or predicted labels, feature maps preserve substantially richer descriptions of body joints. The relationships between feature maps of joints are captured with the introduced geometrical transform kernels, which can be easily implemented with a convolution layer. Features and their relationships are jointly learned in an end-to-end learning system. A bi-directional tree structured model is proposed, so that the feature channels at a body joint can well receive information from other joints. The proposed framework improves feature learning substantially. With very simple post processing, it reaches the best mean PCP on the LSP and FLIC datasets. Compared with the baseline of learning features at each joint separately with ConvNet, the mean PCP has been improved by 18% on FLIC. The code is released to the public.
Barium iodide single-crystal scintillator detectors (2007)

We find that the high-Z crystal Barium Iodide is readily growable by the Bridgman growth technique and is less prone to crack compared to Lanthanum Halides. We have grown Barium Iodide crystals: undoped, doped with Ce<sup>3+</sup>, and doped with Eu<sup>2+</sup>. Radioluminescence spectra and time-resolved decay were measured. BaI<sub>2</sub>(Eu) exhibits luminescence from both Eu<sup>2+</sup> at 420 nm (~450 ns decay), and a broad band at 550 nm (~3 μs decay) that we assign to a trapped exciton. The 550 nm luminescence decreases relative to the Eu<sup>2+</sup> luminescence when the Barium Iodide is zone refined prior to crystal growth. We also describe the performance of BaI<sub>2</sub>(Eu) crystals in experimental scintillator detectors.
Spatial perspectives in event processing (2009)

The processing of geo-spatial events plays an increasingly important role in constructing enterprise applications that can immediately react to business critical events. In this short paper we introduce spatial and spatio-temporal extensions to the event processing model, we will motivate spatio-temporal partitioning using notion of contexts and spatio-temporal patterns. This is an early report of a comprehensive work to formally define the notion of multidimensional context in general and particularly spatio-temporal context, using event processing language.
Controlling the Catalytic Activity of Platinum‐Monolayer Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction with Different Substrates (2005)

Spitzenleistung: Elektrochemische Experimente ergaben für die Sauerstoffreduktion an Platinmonoschichten auf mehreren Übergangsmetallen ein Verhalten vom Vulkan-Typ (siehe Graph). Nach Berechnungen wird der Bindungsbruch einfacher, wenn die Bindungsbildung schwieriger wird; sie erklären auch, warum die Aktivität der auf Pd aufgebrachten Pt-Monoschicht (PtML/Pd(111)) bei dieser Reduktion höher ist als die von reinem Pt(111).
Abstract 1613: Delta-tocotrienol delays the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions in a conditional KrasG12D mouse model (2012)

Abstract Background: We have shown that natural vitamin E γ-tocotrienol is the most bioactive tocotrienols in inhibiting the cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells as well as in xenograft models. Therefore in this study we evaluated the chronic 12-month feeding of γ-tocotrienol on the prevention of the progression of PanIN lesions in a conditional KrasG12D mouse model. Methods: Offspring of LSLKRASG12D x PDX-1-Cre intercrosses (double positive by genotyping) were randomized to three groups: 1) No treatment (NT), 2) Vehicle (ethanol extracted olive oil, 1.0 ml/kg x 2/ day, PO) and 3) γ-tocotrienol (200 mg/kg x 2/day, PO). The treatment was started at the age of 10 weeks and continued for 12 months. The survival of the mice in three groups was plotted by Kaplan-Meir graph. The pancreas of KRASG12D; PDX-1-Cre mice was analyzed for the presence of murine PanINs. The apoptosis, cell cycle and signaling markers were determined by Western blotting and immunostaining. Results: No significant difference in food intake and body weight gain between γ-tocotrienol and control groups was observed during 12 months feeding. γ-tocotrienol treatment significantly increased survival of mice compared to control groups (p&lt;0.025). Mice fed γ-tocotrienol had a significant delay in the progression of mPanIN lesions. The proportion of mPanIN-3 lesion was significantly decreased (P&lt;0.001), whereas the relative numbers of all other lesions combined were slightly increased in the γ-tocotrienol-fed animals. γ-tocotrienol feeding also inhibited the pMEK and pERK signaling and increased p27Kip1 expression in the pancreatic tumor tissues. The apoptosis markers such as caspase-3, PARP1 cleavage, and Bax expression were increased in tumor tissues of mice treated with γ-tocotrienol compared to controls. NF-κB/p65 and the NF-κB transcriptional targets Bcl-XL was down-regulated by γ-tocotrienol treatment. The ratio of the proapoptotic (Bax) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-XL) proteins was increased almost 4-folds in the pancreatic tumor tissues compared to controls. Conclusion: γ-tocotrienol delays the progression of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions in a preclinical animal model hence warrant it's clinical use for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer in high-risk patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1613. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1613
The Effect of Loading Palladium on Zinc Oxide on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl <i>tert</i>‐Butyl Ether (<scp>MTBE</scp>) in Water (2014)

A series of heterogeneous catalysts was prepared by doping zinc oxide with different palladium loadings in the range of 0.5%-1.5%. The prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. These catalysts were applied to study the degradation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE). An amount of 100 mg of each of these catalysts was added to an aqueous solution of 100 ppm of MTBE. The resulting mixtures were irradiated with UV light for a period of 5 h. A 99.7% removal of MTBE was achieved in the case of the zinc oxide photocatalyst particles doped with 1% Pd. The photoreaction was found to be a first-order one.
Directed evolution of a soluble human DR3 receptor for the inhibition of TL1A induced cytokine secretion (2017)

TNF-like 1A (TL1A) is a cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily that promotes inflammation in autoimmune diseases. Inhibiting the interaction of TL1A with the endogenous death-domain receptor 3 (DR3) offers a therapeutic approach for treating TL1A-induced autoimmune diseases. Here, we generated improved DR3 variants showing increased TL1A binding affinity and stability using a directed evolution approach. Given the high cysteine content and post-translational modification of DR3, we employed yeast surface display and expression in mammalian cell lines for screening, expression and characterization of improved DR3 variants. A cell-based assay performed with the human TF-1 cell line and CD4+ T cells showed that two improved DR3 mutants efficiently inhibited TL1A-induced cell death and secretion of IFN-γ, respectively. These DR3 mutants can be used as drug candidates for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and for other autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic arthritis and asthma.
The use of a colon cancer associated nuclear antigen CCSA‐2 for the blood based detection of colon cancer (2007)

The early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is central for effective treatment, as prognosis is directly related to the stage of the disease. Development of tumor markers found in the blood from patients, which can detect CRC at an early stage, should have a major impact in morbidity and mortality of this disease. The nuclear matrix is the structural scaffolding of the nucleus and specific nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs) have been identified as an "fingerprint" for various cancer types. Previous studies from our laboratory have identified four colon cancer associated NMPs termed colon cancer-specific antigen (CCSA)-2 to (CCSA)-5. The objective of the present study was to analyze the expression of one of these proteins, CCSA-2 in serum from various patient populations and to determine whether CCSA-2 antibodies could be used in a clinically applicable serum-based immunoassay specifically to detect colon cancer. Using an indirect ELISA, which detects CCSA-2, the protein was measured in the serum from 174 individuals, including healthy individuals, patients with colon cancer, patients with diverticulosis, colon polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as other cancer types. With a predetermined cutoff absorbance of 0.6 OD we have successfully utilized this approach to develop an immunoassay that detected colon cancer. The immunoassay showed a sensitivity of 88.8% (24/27) and an overall specificity of 84.2% (106/127). This initial study showed the potential of CCSA-2 to serve as a highly specific blood based marker for colon cancer. Although potentially promising, the results of this study must be confirmed in larger independent validation studies.