gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin overexpression is associated with arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro. (1993)

To isolate the genes involved in the cell cycle G1 phase progression of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), a cDNA clone (M11) was previously selected by differential hybridization screening of a mid-G1 serum-stimulated SMC cDNA library. The delay of induction after mitogenic stimulation, time of expression, and need for new protein synthesis for full expression made it possible to classify this gene in the "delayed early" gene group. Determination of the partial M11 cDNA sequence showed full homology with the osteopontin gene (secreted phosphoprotein 1, 2ar), an Arg-Gly-Asp-containing extracellular matrix protein. Osteopontin mRNA was also detected in the aorta at levels as high as in the kidney but lower than in bone, two tissues in which it has been previously detected. In vitro analysis of osteopontin expression in serum-stimulated quiescent SMCs and asynchronously cycling SMCs demonstrated that osteopontin overexpression was associated with SMC proliferation. In view of our results, the high osteopontin expression observed by others in the injured carotid artery could be explained by the involvement of SMCs in the proliferative process. Taken together, these results suggest that osteopontin may play an important role in pathological processes that are associated with arterial SMC proliferation, such as atherosclerosis or restenosis.
Translation from Arabic speech to Arabic Sign Language based on cloud computing (2016)

People with special-needs face a variety of different challenges and barriers that isolate them from their surroundings. Nowadays, several assistive technologies have been developed to reduce many of these barriers and simplify the communication between special-needs persons and the surrounding environment. However, few frameworks are presented to support them in the Arabic region either due to the lack of resources or the complexity of the Arabic language. The main goal of this work is to present a mobile-based framework that will help Arabic deaf people to communicate ‘on the go’ easily with virtually any one without the need of any specific devices or support from other people. The framework utilizes the power of cloud computing for the complex processing of the Arabic text. The speech processing produced a cartoon avatar showing the corresponding Egyptian Arabic Sign Language on the mobile handset of the deaf person.
The vanadium Magnéli phases V<sub><i>n</i></sub>O<sub>2<i>n</i>‐1</sub> (2004)

Abstract To compare the metal‐insulator transitions (MITs) of VO 2 and V 2 O 3 we analyze the relations between the structural and electronic properties of the vanadium Magnéli phases. These materials set up the homologous series V n O 2 n ‐1 (3 ≤ n ≤ 9) and have crystal structures comprising typical dioxide‐like and sesquioxide‐like regions. As the MITs of the vanadium Magnéli phases are accompanied by structural transformations, we are able to discuss the effects of characteristic changes in the local atomic environments. The systematic investigation of the transport properties is based on a new and unifying description of the crystal structures of the Magnéli phases including VO 2 and V 2 O 3 . Our results lead to a comprehensive understanding of the MITs in the Magnéli class and shed new light on the role of particular electronic states for the MIT of V 2 O 3 .
CYTOGENETIC AND CROSSBREEDING EVIDENCE FOR ADDITIONAL CRYPTIC SPECIES IN THE <i>ANO PHELES ANNULIPES</i> WALKER COMPLEX (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) (1986)

Abstract Populations of Anopheles annulipes Walker s. 1. from eastern and northern Australia were studied by crossing to a laboratory colony (Standard) and, in some cases, to each other. The resulting adult females had normal reproductive systems. Some of the crosses produced males with reduced testes. Extensive asynapsis, with or without banding sequence differences in the polytene chromosomes, characterised many of the progeny of the crosses. Four new X chromosomes were revealed and are illustrated. Rearing parameters showed evidence of genetic incompatibility between the chromosomal types. Duration of copulation was also found to vary. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that the taxon is a complex of up to 10 species.
Synthesis of α,ω-Dimercapto Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamides) by RAFT Polymerization with a Hydrophilic Difunctional Chain Transfer Agent (2007)

A new hydrophilic difunctional reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent, diethylene glycol di(2-(1-isobutyl)sulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl-2-methylpropionate) (DEGDIM) was synthesized and shown to be effective in imparting living characteristics to the radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), providing a route to telechelic poly(N-isopropylacrylamides) (PNIPAM) of predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. The thiocarbonylthio end groups were transformed into thiol groups via aminolysis with near quantitative yields, as determined by a thiol-specific quantitative UV absorbance assay. By using a pyrene-substituted initiator, bis(N-(1-pyrenylbutyl))-4,4‘-azobis-(4-cyanopentanamide) (BPAC), it was found that the amount of initiator-derived polymer chains in the DEGDIM mediated polymerization of NIPAM was negligible (∼1%) compared to the amount of polymer chains derived from DEGDIM, the difunctional chain transfer agent. These results support the theoretical calculations and confirm the high purity of α,ω-dithiol telechelic hydrosoluble polymers prepared by the RAFT polymerization process.
A Wireless Sensor Network Air Pollution Monitoring System (2010)

Sensor networks are currently an active research area mainly due to the potential of their applications. In this paper we investigate the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for air pollution monitoring in Mauritius. With the fast growing industrial activities on the island, the problem of air pollution is becoming a major concern for the health of the population. We proposed an innovative system named Wireless Sensor Network Air Pollution Monitoring System (WAPMS) to monitor air pollution in Mauritius through the use of wireless sensors deployed in huge numbers around the island. The proposed system makes use of an Air Quality Index (AQI) which is presently not available in Mauritius. In order to improve the efficiency of WAPMS, we have designed and implemented a new data aggregation algorithm named Recursive Converging Quartiles (RCQ). The algorithm is used to merge data to eliminate duplicates, filter out invalid readings and summarise them into a simpler form which significantly reduce the amount of data to be transmitted to the sink and thus saving energy. For better power management we used a hierarchical routing protocol in WAPMS and caused the motes to sleep during idle time.
Oligopeptide-functionalized Graft Copolymers: Synthesis and Applications in Nucleic Acid Delivery (2019)

Utilizing the diverse functionality of amino acids, a new class of amphiphilic graft copolymers has been synthesized, characterized, and explored for applications in biomaterials and nucleic acid delivery. This thesis research focused on the syntheses of oligopeptide-functionalized polyesters and polyolefins. Polyester functionalization was geared towards applications in biomaterials, tissue engineering, and drug delivery by incorporating sequences that promote cell-adhesion. These polyester- graft -oligopeptide materials were prepared by a 1,3-Huisgen cycloaddition reaction, "click" chemistry, of an azide-terminated oligopeptide (prepared by Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS)) and alkyne-containing polyester (synthesized by ring-opening polymerization). Following the syntheses of these materials, they were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and organic gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The oligopeptide-functionalized polyolefins were designed for nucleic acid complexation, and therefore the oligopeptide sequences were intended to incorporate positively-charged moieties ( e.g. , oligolysine) for DNA and short interfering RNA (siRNA) complexation. These graft copolymers, prepared by SPPS followed by ring-opening metathesis polymerization, have highly tunable structures that enable control over charge density and polymer backbone rigidity. Moreover, non-ionic hydrophilic grafts such as polyethylene glycol were integrated into these polyelectrolytes such that the charges along the polymer backbone are spaced accordingly while maintaining the hydrophilicity of the polymer. While numerous applications for such charged, "bio-tailored" materials can be envisioned, this work is geared towards positively-charged polyelectrolytes for their potential application in nucleic acid therapy, specifically the delivery of plasmid DNA and siRNA. These graft copolymers were characterized ( 1 H, 13 C NMR, organic and aqueous GPC), studied for their solution properties (static and dynamic light scattering), and investigated as polyplexes with plasmid DNA.
Preliminary investigation of real-time monitoring of a driver in city traffic (2002)

We present a system that visually monitors the face of a driver and finds the location of the driver's eyes in real time. Our system addresses the actual environment within the interior of a moving car and uses a consumer CCD camera mounted on the dashboard in front of the driver. We develop an eye detection method that is based on segmenting the head space from the image and then using edge detection and template matching to create eye templates online, and brightness filters to obtain the location of the eyes within the head space. We tested our real-time system in thousands of frames using various subjects, head and facial motions, and lighting conditions and report our preliminary results.
MEX Interfaces (2016)

Despite recent efforts to achieve a high level of interoperability of Machine Learning (ML) experiments, positively collaborating with the Reproducible Research context, we still run into problems created due to the existence of different ML platforms: each of those have a specific conceptualization or schema for representing data and metadata. This scenario leads to an extra coding-effort to achieve both the desired interoperability and a better provenance level as well as a more automatized environment for obtaining the generated results. Hence, when using ML libraries, it is a common task to re-design specific data models (schemata) and develop wrappers to manage the produced outputs. In this article, we discuss this gap focusing on the solution for the question: "What is the cleanest and lowest-impact solution, i.e., the minimal effort to achieve both higher interoperability and provenance metadata levels in the Integrated Development Environments (IDE) context and how to facilitate the inherent data querying task?". We introduce a novel and low-impact methodology specifically designed for code built in that context, combining Semantic Web concepts and reflection in order to minimize the gap for exporting ML metadata in a structured manner, allowing embedded code annotations that are, in run-time, converted in one of the state-of-the-art ML schemas for the Semantic Web: MEX Vocabulary.
Efficient processing of videos in a multi-auditory environment using device lending of GPUs (2016)

In this paper, we present a demo that utilizes Device Lending via PCI Express (PCIe) in the context of a multi-auditory environment. Device Lending is a transparent, low-latency cross-machine PCIe device sharing mechanism without any the need for implementing application-specific distribution mechanisms. As workload, we use a computer-aided diagnosis system that is used to automatically find polyps and mark them for medical doctors during a colonoscopy. We choose this scenario because one of the main requirements is to perform the analysis in real-time. The demonstration consists of a setup of two computers that demonstrates how Device Lending can be used to improve performance, as well as its effect of providing the performance needed for real-time feedback. We also present a performance evaluation that shows its real-time capabilities of it.
A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Imidazo[5,1-<i>f</i>][1,2,4]triazin-4(3<i>H</i>)-ones (2005)

[reaction: see text] Imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazinones, as isosteres of purine, are of interest for pharmaceutical research. The syntheses reported in the literature generally require several steps. We report a novel method to access a broad range of diversely substituted derivatives. The key step is the electrophilic N-amination of 3H-imidazoles containing a 4-carbonyl group. Several different substituted imidazoles have been N-aminated in this manner. The resulting N-aminoimidazoles were cyclized under different conditions to the corresponding imidazotriazinones, which allowed for additional diversification. This novel method was applied in a formal synthesis of vardenafil, a well-known representative of this class of compounds. Furthermore, we report the first synthesis of a 7-aryl-imidazotriazinone via bromination of an unsubstituted imidazotriazinone followed by a Suzuki coupling.
Topographic mapping of biological specimens: flexure and curvature characterization (2004)

Shape quantification of tissue and biomaterials can be central to many studies and applications in bioengineering and biomechanics. Often, shape is mapped with photogrammetry or projected light techniques that provide XYZ point cloud data, and shape is quantified using derived flexure and curvature calculations based on the point cloud data. Accordingly, the accuracy of the calculated curvature depends on the properties of the point cloud data set. In this study, we present a curvature variability prediction (CVP) software model that predicts the distribution, i.e., the standard deviation, of curvature measurements associated with surface topography point cloud data properties. The CVP model point cloud data input variables include XYZ noise, sampling density, and map extent. The CVP model outputs the curvature variability statistic in order to assess performance in the curvature domain. Representative point cloud data properties are obtained from an automated biological specimen video topographer, the BioSpecVT (ver. 1.02) (Vision Metrics, Inc.,). The BioSpecVT uses a calibrated, structured light pattern to support automated computer vision feature extraction software for precisely converting video images of biological specimens, within seconds, into three dimensional point cloud data. In representative sample point cloud data obtained with the BioSpecVT, sampling density is about 11 pts/mm<sup>2</sup> for an XYZ mapping volume encompassing about 16 mm x 13.5 mm x 18.5 mm, average XY per point variability is about ±2 μm, and Z axis variability is about ±40 μm (50% level) with a Gaussian distribution. A theoretical study with the CVP model shows that for derived point cloud data properties, curvature mapping accuracy increases, i.e. measurement variability decreases, when curvature increases from about 30 m<sup>-1 </sup>to 137 m<sup>-1</sup>. This computed result is consistent with the Z axis noise becoming less significant as the measured depth increases across an approximately fixed XY region.
From detecting to recognizing color codes (2006)

In this paper we present efficient ways of detecting color codes in field images and recognizing the colors to read their codes. The color-code tag used in this paper consists of the code area which contains concentric, multiple circular rings on the white background. To generate the test images, we used two cameras of different brands, that is, a Canon and a Nikon. The images were taken outdoor in daylight, and the resolution was 2544 /spl times/ 1696 (= 4 Mpixels). The images of figures were taken as waist shots. In the detection, we used the relative characteristics of white color in RGB color space and in the saturation domain of HSI color space. In the recognition, we used k-means clustering algorithm in the a*b* plane of L*a*b* color space to segment rings of different colors, and used hue values to determine their colors. The total number of images used was 144. The detection rate was around 99.3% and the recognition accuracy for the detected codes was around 97.8%.
Attention Allocation Efficiency in Human-UV Teams (2007)

Human operators in unmanned vehicle systems must divide their attention between multiple tasks. This is particularly true of systems that contain multiple unmanned vehicles. In such systems, long-term research goals include determining (a) what dictates how humans allocate their attention, (b) where humans should focus their attention, (c) what can system designers do, via decision support systems, etc., to direct their attention to the “right” places, and (d) how do we measure the efficiency of human attention allocation. As a step toward finding answers to these questions, we conducted a user study in which a single human controlled multiple simulated unmanned vehicles. In this paper, we discuss some of the lessons we learned from this user study with respect to human attention allocation. These conclusions are made by using metrics derived from users’ selection strategies and switching times.
A High Specific Impulse Two-Stage Hall Thruster with Plasma Lens Focusing (2001)

Recent interest in extending the performance envelope of Hall thrusters has spurred the development of several new thrusters built specifically for high specific impulse operation. The Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory in conjunction with the NASA Glenn Research Center have built and successfully tested one of these thrusters in single-and two-stage operation at flow rates of 5-10 mg/s and total voltages of 300-600 V. The thruster employs a plasma lens field line topography that extends the plume focal length and an intermediate electrode composed of lanthanum hexaboride for operation in two-stage mode. Performance and plume measurements have been conducted using a thrust stand and ion current density probes. The results of these measurements indicate that the plasma lens optimizes thruster performance and extends the plume focal length beyond one meter. Operation of the thruster in two-stage mode generally resulted in increased thrust above single-stage operation at the expense of efficiency.
Electrical Enhancement and Higher-K Engineering in Ultra-Thin Atomic Layer Deposited Hf<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>Films (2014)

We have successfully deposited Hf1-xAlxOy with Al/(Al+Hf)% ranging from 0 to 25% using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process which incorporates a sequential metal precursor pulse method. The dielectric crystal phase was confirmed to be a mixed phase of tetragonal and monoclinic using a combination of synchrotron measurement techniques consisting of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, and grazing incidence extended X-ray absorption fine structure. The crystallization temperature as a function of Al incorporation was assessed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction with in-situ ramp annealing. In metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors we observed an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) reduction of ∼2 Å compared to HfO2 for Hf1-xAlxOy with Al/(Al+Hf)% ≤ 6% annealed near the crystallization temperature of the Hf1-xAlxOy films. In addition, the leakage current was also reduced by a factor of 10 while maintaining a flatband voltage that is comparable to post deposition annealed (PDA) HfO2 films processed under identical conditions. This study highlights the importance of understanding the crystallization temperature and its relationship to electrical performance for higher-k phase stabilized Hf1-xAlxOy films.
Conditioned fear extinction and reinstatement in a human fear-potentiated startle paradigm (2006)

The purpose of this study was to analyze fear extinction and reinstatement in humans using fear-potentiated startle. Participants were fear conditioned using a simple discrimination procedure with colored lights as the conditioned stimuli (CSs) and an airblast to the throat as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Participants were extinguished 24 h after fear conditioning. Upon presentation of unsignaled USs after extinction, participants displayed significant fear reinstatement. In summary, these procedures produced robust fear-potentiated startle, significant CS+/CS- discrimination, within-session extinction, and significant reinstatement. This is the first demonstration of fear extinction and reinstatement in humans using startle measures.
Application of mass spectrometry to structural identification of flavonoid monoglycosides isolated from shoot of lupin (Lupinus luteus L.). (1999)

Flavonoid glycosides constitute important group of plant secondary metabolites. This class of natural products play significant role in different physiological processes. A new methodological approach where mass spectrometric techniques are applied to structural studies of this class of compounds is presented. Four flavonoid O-monoglycosides and one C-monoglycoside were isolated from green parts of lupin (Lupinus luteus L.). Several different mass spectrometric techniques were applied to structural elucidation of isolated compounds. Desorption ionization mass spectrometry was used for registration of mass spectra of intact and derivatized (permethylated) flavonoid glycosides. In some cases electron impact mass spectra of permethylated compounds were also recorded. Methylated samples after methanolysis and further derivatization of free hydroxyl groups (methylation or acetylation) were analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Combined information drawn from the registered mass spectra enabled us to define molecular mass, structure of aglycones and sugars, and positions of glycosidic bonds on the aglycon. Structures of four flavonoid monoglycosides were elucidated as follows: genistein 7-O-glucoside (1), genistein 4'-O-glucoside (2), 2'-hydroxygenistein 7-O-glucoside (3), and apigenin or genistein 8-C-glycoside (5). For the fourth O-glycoside (4) only molecular mass and masses of the aglycone and sugar were estimated.