gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acousto-optic frequency shifter for single-mode fibres (1983)

A fibre-optic frequency shifter has been constructed using a birefringent single-mode fibre positioned asymmetrically within two acoustic resonators driven 90° out of phase. The incident wave in one polarisation state is coupled to a frequency-shifted wave in the orthogonal state. Sideband suppression of better than 20 dB is achieved.
<title>Boundary artifacts reduction in vector error diffusion</title> (1998)

Color error diffusion can be classified into two types, namely, vector error diffusion and scalar error diffusion, according to the underlying quantization methods. Compared to scalar error diffusion, vector error diffusion is typically superior in overall image quality. However, it may occasionally introduce boundary artifacts. A color band, at a width of a few pixels to tens of pixels may appear along the edges. The artifacts are referred in literature to slow response for leading edges and smear for trailing edges, respectively. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective method for reducing the boundary artifacts.
Silicon photonics for spatially multiplexed high capacity optical fiber communications (2020)

We describe recent progress in the design of multimode waveguide grating couplers which serve as key functional elements for the simultaneous selective launch or reception of multiple modes in few-mode fibres for mode-division-multiplexed communications.
Silane as Chain Transfer Agent for the Polymerization of Ethylene Catalyzed by a Palladium(II) Diimine Catalyst (2017)

A strategy for the synthesis of semitelechelic polyethylene through the palladium diimine-catalyzed chain-transfer polymerization of ethylene using various silanes as chain-transfer agents is reported. Polymer molecular weight and end-group chemical structure can be tuned by varying the chain-transfer agent as well as its concentration. NMR spectroscopy confirms that the silicon of the chain-transfer agent is incorporated into the polymer. The stability of the catalyst toward polar monomer enables the chain-transfer polymerization of semitelechelic poly(ethylene-methyl acrylate) copolymers.
<title>Production of silicon diaphragms by precision grinding</title> (2000)

The application of precision grinding for silicon diaphragm formation is investigated. The test structures involved 6 mm diameter diaphragms with thickness in the range 25 micrometers - 150 micrometers . When grinding is performed without supporting the diaphragm, buckling occurs due to non-uniform removal of the silicon material over the diaphragm region. The magnitude of buckling depends on the final thickness of the diaphragm. Results obtained from using FEM analysis to determine deterioration in performance of the diaphragm performance due to buckling are presented. These results show a 10 percent reduction in performance for a 75 micrometers thick diaphragm with a buckling amplitude of 30 micrometers , but negligible reduction if the buckling is reduced to < 10 micrometers . It is shown that the use of a porous silicon support can significantly reduce the amount of buckling, by a factor of 4 in the case of 75 micrometers thick diaphragms. The use of SOI technology can also suppress or eliminate the buckling although this may be a less economical process.
n/sup +/-polysilicon gate PMOSFET's with indium doped buried-channels (1996)

A n/sup +/-polysilicon gate PMOSFET with indium doped buried-channel is discussed, The gate length scaling of n/sup +/-polysilicon gate buried-length PMOSFET's is limited by the channel punch-through effect. Designing shallow counter-doped layers (buried-channels) has been established as a means to reduce the undesirable short channel effects in these devices. Indium, an acceptor dopant in Si, has a low diffusion coefficient and implant statistics favorable for achieving shallow doping layers. Indium implants are explored (as an alternative to BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) to counter dope the n-tub for adjusting the threshold voltage. Devices are fabricated using AT&T's 0.5 μm CMOS technology but with t/sub ox/=50 /spl Aring/. Although no special effort has been made to optimize the n-tub or to take full advantage of the diffusion and implant characteristics of indium, excellent electrical results are obtained for devices with L/sub eff/=0.25 μm. Improved V/sub th/ roll-off characteristics and reduced body effect (/spl gamma//spl ap/0.18 V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 2 / versus /spl gamma//sub B//spl ap/0.40 V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 2 /) in indium implanted buried channels are demonstrated over BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> implanted buried channels for PMOSFET's with identical long channel threshold voltages. The effects of incomplete ionization (freeze-out) of the indium acceptor states on the electrical device characteristics are demonstrated by device simulations and measurements.
Simulating low dose CT scans by noise addition (2004)

We have developed a noise addition tool for clinical researchers to simulate lower dose computed tomography (CT) scans using the existing clinical CT scan data. This noise addition tool operates in the product environment to generate new set of lower dose scans from existing patient scan data based on the user defined lower X-ray tube current. These new sets of scan data can then be reconstructed to make images at simulated lower doses so that medical researchers can study how lower dose CT scans impact the patient diagnostic outcome. This tool has been validated using anthropomorphic and patient scans and showed good agreements between the simulated and real scans in terms of noise measurements.
High Linear Density Recording of 0.3 µm Domain Length on Magneto-Optical Disk (1989)

High linear density magneto-optical recording of 0.3 µm domain length is studied for both laser power modulation and magnetic field modulation methods, through optical observation and numerical simulation of recorded domains on a rotating 5.25 inch TbFeCo disk. In the laser power modulation method, domain length of around 0.3 µm changes largely with fluctuations in recording power. By decreasing the wavelength of the incident laser beam, the amount of change can be reduced. On the other hand, in the magnetic field modulation method, a 0.3 µm domain length can be recorded stably against power deviation even in the case of an 830 nm wavelength at linear velocities of 5∼15 m/sec.
Design and Synthesis of Cyclic Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases and TNF-α Production (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTDesign and Synthesis of Cyclic Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases and TNF-α ProductionChu-Biao Xue, Xiaohua He, John Roderick, William F. DeGrado, Robert J. Cherney, Karl D. Hardman, David J. Nelson, Robert A. Copeland, Bruce D. Jaffee, and Carl P. DeciccoView Author Information The DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0500 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 11, 1745–1748Publication Date (Web):May 1, 1998Publication History Received19 December 1997Published online1 May 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm970849zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm970849zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views539Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Inhibitors,Molecules,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Improved Ferroelectric Memories With Nondestructive Readout (1994)

Ferroelectric memories with enhanced photoresponse leading to improved nondestructive optoelectronic readout and lower power demand proposed. Memories improved versions of devices described in Rapid, Nondestructive Readout From Ferroelectric (NPO-18551). In proposed application, array of nonvolatile ferroelectric memory cells fabricated by standard very-large-scale integrated-circuit techniques and flip-bonded onto similarly fabricated array of semiconductor lasers, {see Optically Addressable, Ferroelectric Memory With NDRO (NPO-18573)}.
Replication Timing and Pediatric Leukemia (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4609 Abnormal temporal control of replication (“replication timing”) is a universal hallmark of cancer, but the significance of this relationship is not understood. During normal development, changes in replication timing are regulated in defined chromosomal units (“replication domains”) of 400–800 kb, with late replication generally associated with stable gene silencing. We have performed genome-wide replication timing mapping on pediatric acute leukemias and identified patterns of replication-timing mis-regulation (“leukemia fingerprints”) in common across multiple types of pediatric leukemia (“multi-lineage fingerprints”), as well as those linked to specific subtypes of acute leukemia and patient-specific fingerprints. Most of the mis-regulated regions are not associated with copy number variation or translocations and correspond to many of the same domains whose replication timing is regulated during normal development. The existence of multi-lineage fingerprints suggests an early origin of their mis-regulation while type-specific and patient-specific fingerprints suggest that mis-regulation continues to occur downstream of the initiating event. Our hypothesis is that there exists an hierarchy of replication-timing mis-regulation, initiating with frozen vestiges of normal hematopoiesis that are inappropriately maintained, followed by additional changes that evolve as the tumor differentiates. These changes may then affect the ability of downstream lineages to activate or silence genes. Since chromatin is assembled at the replication fork, and different types of chromatin are assembled at different times during S phase, changes in replication timing likely contribute to domain-wide changes in chromatin structure, similar to those observed in long range epigenetic silencing (LRES). In fact, we find that genes within leukemia fingerprint domains are significantly enriched for those transcribed during hematopoiesis and/or mis-regulated in cancers. Replication timing is an exceptionally stable epigenetic property that is not easily disturbed by loss or mis-expression of single master regulators of cell fate and is not directly related to transcription, but rather to the stability of gene silencing. Hence, events occurring early in hematopoiesis could have profound effects on the activation of transcriptional programs in downstream lineages. Elucidating the genesis and genealogy of leukemia-specific replication timing fingerprints and their relationship to transcriptional control will be fundamental to understanding their link to the development of acute leukemias. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Application of Integrated Guidance and Control Schemes to a Precision Guided Missile (1992)

Three optimal integrated guidance and control (IGC) laws for a tactical missile are developed. The three IGC design models include planar intercept kinematics and missile longitudinal dynamics in one mathematical framework. A target acceleration model and missile radome error compensation scheme are inluded in the state formulations. An optimality criterion which asymptotically imposes an infinite penalty on miss distance and angle-of-attack in the endgame as time-to-intercept goes to zero is minimied. Using reasonable approximations, an analytic solution is derived which can be easily implemented as an endgame guidance law/autopilot in current missile flight computers. Nonlinear six degree-of-freedom simulation results will be presented at the session to demonstrate the performance of these three algorithms.
Optical Monitoring and Detection of Spinal Cord Ischemia (2013)

Spinal cord ischemia can lead to paralysis or paraparesis, but if detected early it may be amenable to treatment. Current methods use evoked potentials for detection of spinal cord ischemia, a decades old technology whose warning signs are indirect and significantly delayed from the onset of ischemia. Here we introduce and demonstrate a prototype fiber optic device that directly measures spinal cord blood flow and oxygenation. This technical advance in neurological monitoring promises a new standard of care for detection of spinal cord ischemia and the opportunity for early intervention. We demonstrate the probe in an adult Dorset sheep model. Both open and percutaneous approaches were evaluated during pharmacologic, physiological, and mechanical interventions designed to induce variations in spinal cord blood flow and oxygenation. The induced variations were rapidly and reproducibly detected, demonstrating direct measurement of spinal cord ischemia in real-time. In the future, this form of hemodynamic spinal cord diagnosis could significantly improve monitoring and management in a broad range of patients, including those undergoing thoracic and abdominal aortic revascularization, spine stabilization procedures for scoliosis and trauma, spinal cord tumor resection, and those requiring management of spinal cord injury in intensive care settings.
Multifunctional Supramolecular Hybrid Materials Constructed from Hierarchical Self‐Ordering of In Situ Generated Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) Nanoparticles (2015)

A synergistic approach is described to engineer supramolecular hybrid materials based on metal-organic frameworks, encompassing HKUST-1 nanoparticles formed in situ, coexisting with an electrically conducting gel fiber network. The following findings are made: i) multistimuli-responsive structural transformation via reversible sol-gel switching and ii) radical conversion of a soft hybrid gel into a mechanically malleable, viscoelastic matter.
Target Achievement Control Test: Evaluating real-time myoelectric pattern-recognition control of multifunctional upper-limb prostheses (2011)

Despite high classification accuracies (~95%) of myoelectric control systems based on pattern recognition, how well offline measures translate to real-time closed-loop control is unclear. Recently, a real-time virtual test analyzed how well subjects completed arm motions using a multiple-degree of freedom (DOF) classifier. Although this test provided real-time performance metrics, the required task was oversimplified: motion speeds were normalized and unintended movements were ignored. We included these considerations in a new, more challenging virtual test called the Target Achievement Control Test (TAC Test). Five subjects with transradial amputation attempted to move a virtual arm into a target posture using myoelectric pattern recognition, performing the test with various classifier (1- vs 3-DOF) and task complexities (one vs three required motions per posture). We found no significant difference in classification accuracy between the 1- and 3-DOF classifiers (97.2% +/- 2.0% and 94.1% +/- 3.1%, respectively; p = 0.14). Subjects completed 31% fewer trials in significantly more time using the 3-DOF classifier and took 3.6 +/- 0.8 times longer to reach a three-motion posture compared with a one-motion posture. These results highlight the need for closed-loop performance measures and demonstrate that the TAC Test is a useful and more challenging tool to test real-time pattern-recognition performance.
Envelope Tracking Linearizability of Power Amplifier (2018)

Envelope tracking (ET) linearizability of a power amplifier (PA) is studied in this paper. ET linearization can be explained as the cancellation between two intermodulation distortion (IMD) components [1,2]. The phase difference θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> between the two IMD components is identified as the criterion of ET linearizability. The IMD improvement by incorporating ET module with PA can be analytically calculated in terms of θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . Excellent agreement between the prediction and measurement is achieved. Determination of θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> using three-tone measurement is proposed and demonstrated. ET linearizability is an inherent feature of a standalone PA itself, and can be quantitatively predicted before incorporating an ET module.
Mining intrusion detection alarms for actionable knowledge (2002)

In response to attacks against enterprise networks, administrators increasingly deploy intrusion detection systems. These systems monitor hosts, networks, and other resources for signs of security violations. The use of intrusion detection has given rise to another difficult problem, namely the handling of a generally large number of alarms. In this paper, we mine historical alarms to learn how future alarms can be handled more efficiently. First, we investigate episode rules with respect to their suitability in this approach. We report the difficulties encountered and the unexpected insights gained. In addition, we introduce a new conceptual clustering technique, and use it in extensive experiments with real-world data to show that intrusion detection alarms can be handled efficiently by using previously mined knowledge.
Video coding with fully separable wavelet and wavelet packet transforms (2007)

Three-dimensional (t+2D) wavelet coding schemes have been demonstrated to be efficient techniques for video compression applications. However, the separable wavelet transform used for removing the spatial redundancy allows a limited representation of the 2D texture because of spatial isotropy of the wavelet basis functions. In this case, anisotropic transforms, such as fully separable wavelet transforms (FSWT), can represent a solution for spatial decorrelation. FSWT inherits the separability, the computational simplicity and the filter bank characteristics of the standard 2D wavelet transform, but it improves the representation of directional textures, as the ones which can be found in temporal detail frames of <i>t + 2D </i>decompositions. The extension of both classical wavelet and wavelet-packet transforms to fully separable decompositions preserve at the same time the low-complexity and best-bases selection algorithms of these ones. We apply these transforms in <i>t + 2D </i>video coding schemes and compare them with classical decompositions.
Screening of Blood Donors for Human Parvovirus B19 and Characterization of the Results (1999)

Abstract Background and Objectives: Human parvovirus B19 (B19 virus) can be transmitted through blood transfusion and plasma‐derived products. In a previous report, we utilized the simple hemagglutination method based on the interaction between the B19 virus and P antigen on human erythrocytes in order to screen the blood donors. We called this method receptor‐mediated hemagglutination (RHA) [Lancet 1995;346:1237–1238]. In this paper, we report on a large‐scale screening of the B19 virus by RHA and discuss the results. Materials and Methods: Donor sera from September 1995 to March 1997 and seroconversion panels were enrolled. Donor sera were examined by RHA for large‐scale screening. The positive sera in the first screening were then further investigated by the RHA inhibition test, countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We also evaluated the infectivity and neutralizing activity of various kinds of sera by the erythroid colony forming unit (CFU‐e) assay. To examine the detection limits of the B19 virus by RHA, B19‐viremic sera were purified by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Results: Among 257,710 sera specimens, 293 sera (0.11%) gave a positive reaction in the first screening using RHA. Out of these 293 sera specimens, 31 were positive for PCR, of which 28 were also RHA inhibition‐positive, and 25 of the 28 CIE‐positive. In the CFU‐e injury assay, all the RHA inhibition (+) sera showed a decrease in the number of erythroid colonies. The RHA inhibition (‐) PCR (+) B19 antibody (+) sera did not affect the erythroid colony formation and protected CFU‐e from injury by the B19 virus. By measuring the amount of purified B19 protein and its RHA titer, the detection limit of the B19 virus by RHA was calculated to the 0.37±0.03 ng/ml. Conclusion: These results suggest that the RHA (+) RHA inhibition (+) sera were infectious in vitro. The combination of RHA and the RHA inhibition test is considered to be useful for the large‐scale screening of infectious B19 virus in blood donors with high specificity.
Detection of zinc ions under aqueous conditions using chirality assisted solid-state fluorescence of a bipyridyl based fluorophore (2008)

A pyrrole end-capped bipyridyl ligand incorporating a chiral handle exhibited high solid-state emission when compared to the achiral analogue 1b and to the racemic molecule 1c which allowed the design of a reusable fluorescent probe for the selective detection of Zn2+ under aqueous conditions.
Maggot Therapy Takes Us Back to the Future of Wound Care: New and Improved Maggot Therapy for the 21st Century (2009)

In the 21st century, eighty years after William Baer presented his groundbreaking work treating bone and soft tissue infections with live maggots, thousands of therapists around the globe have rediscovered the benefits of maggot therapy. The renaissance in maggot therapy is due in large part to recent technological advancements that have solved or minimized many of the treatment's earlier drawbacks: the need for reliable access to this perishable medical device, simplified application, and low-cost production. Modern dressing materials have simplified the procedure and minimized the risk of escaping maggots. The establishment of dozens of laboratories throughout the world, along with access to overnight courier services in many regions, has made medicinal maggots readily available to millions of people in need. Studies show that fears of patient nonacceptance are unfounded. The medical literature is rapidly growing with scientific evidence demonstrating the efficacy and safety of maggot therapy for a variety of problematic wounds. This article examines how these and other technologies are optimizing the study and application of maggot therapy for wound care.