gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of IIR notch filterswith maximally flat or equiripple magnitude characteristics (2006)

This paper presents the design of IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) notch filters with desired magnitude characteristic, which can be either maximally flat or equiripple. Butterworth polynomial, used for designing the allpass filter, will result in a maximally flat magnitude. Similarly, an equiripple characteristic is obtained by using Chebyshev I, Chebyshev II and Elliptic polynomials. The parameters of the design are notch frequency, rejection bandwidth and passbands ripple.
Nanotechnology approaches for inhalation treatment of lung diseases (2015)

Local administration of therapeutics by inhalation for treatment of lung diseases has the ability to deliver drugs, nucleic acids and peptides specifically to the site of their action and therefore enhance the efficacy of the treatment, limit the penetration of nebulized therapeutic agent(s) into the bloodstream and consequently decrease adverse systemic side effects of the treatment. Nanotechnology allows for a further enhancement of the treatment efficiency. The present review analyzes modern therapeutic approaches of inhaled nanoscale-based pharmaceutics for the detection and treatment of various lung diseases.
A 200mA 93% Peak Efficiency Single-Inductor Dual-Output DC-DC Buck Converter (2007)

A single-inductor dual-output DC-DC buck converter is presented. The inductor, which is external, provides two independent output voltages ranging from 1.2V to the power supply with a maximum total output current of 200mA. The supply can range from 2.6 to 5V. The converter is fabricated in a 0.35 μm p-substrate CMOS technology. Measurement results demonstrate that a peak power efficiency as high as 93.3% can be achieved and the efficiency is always >62.5%.
HEART RATE RESERVE AS A PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN HEALTHY MEN (2001)

Previous studies show an association between both resting and exercise heart rate with mortality risk. However, there is limited work examining the relationship of heart rate reserve (HRR = maximal heart rate-resting heart rate) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (ICD-9: 390–459) or all-cause mortality in healthy individuals (no physician-diagnosed heart disease, stroke, cancer, arthritis, hypertension, or diabetes; normal ECG; or maximal heart rate greater than [220-age]*0.85). During 1970 û 1994 (average follow-up 10 ± 5.6 years), we followed 20,766 healthy men, age 20 û 80 years, who were participants in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. All completed a maximal treadmill exercise test (Balke protocol), received a physical examination and clinical assessments, and answered a health questionnaire at the baseline examination. We followed study participants for mortality to date of death or December 31, 1994 for survivors. There were 499 deaths with 140 (28.06%) from CVD. HRR was divided into 4 quartiles: Quartile I (< 112, reference level), Quartile II (112–121), Quartile III (122–130), and Quartile IV (≥ 131). Kappa coefficient analysis showed only 20% agreement beyond what would be expected by chance. Using Cox regression analyses to control for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, cholesterol, triglycerides, and MTT time, the hazard ratios (and 95% Cl) of CVD deaths were 1.0, 0.76 (0.48–1.22), 0.57 (0.31–1.00), and 0.27 (0.11–0.68) (p for trend 0.0026), while the hazard ratios (and 95% CI) for all-cause deaths were 1.0, 0.60 (0.46–0.78), 0.69 (0.51–0.92), and 0.58 (0.41–0.83) (p for trend 0.0018), for Quartiles I, II, III, and IV respectively. HRR, independent from MTT, was inversely associated with CVD and all-cause mortality in men in this study. Supported by NIA AG06945
A transparent object-oriented schema change approach using view evolution (2002)

When a database is shared by many users, updates to the database schema are almost always prohibited because there is a risk of making existing application programs obsolete when they run against the modified schema. This paper addresses the problem by integrating schema evolution with view facilities. When new requirements necessitate schema updates for a particular user, the user specifies schema changes to the personal view rather than to the shared base schema. Our view evolution approach then computes a new view schema that reflects the semantics of the desired schema change, and replaces the old view with the new one. We present algorithms that implement the set of schema evolution operations typically supported by OODB systems as view definitions. This approach provides the means for schema change without affecting other views (and thus without affecting existing application programs). The persistent data is shared by different views of the schema, i.e., both old as well as newly developed applications can continue to interoperate. In this paper, we present examples that demonstrate our approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulsar Fluctuation Spectra and the Generalized Drifting-Subpulse Phenomenon (1973)

The variation with longitude of the fluctuation spectrum of pulsar radio emission from a fixed longitude is discussed for 13 pulsars. In particular, features in the fluctuation spectra are quantified. These measurements are found to be properties of the pulsar which are as stable in time and as constant over a range of frequencies as the pulse profile and polarization properties. It has been shown that in 1919 + 21 the well-defined feature at 0.23 cycles per pulse period results from a drifting-subpulse phenomenon. In 2016+28 a poorly defined feature is caused by similar driftingsubpulse behavior. Thus it is suggested that the similar fluctuation spectrum features of other pulsars arise from the same subpulse phenomenon, generalized sufficiently to include all objects. Three variants of this generalized drifting-subpulse phenomenon are described. These are found to be related to the apparent magnetic dipole moments which are inferred from pulsar spin-downs. A qualitative discussion of the role of intensity fluctuations in various pulsar models is given. Subject heading: pulsars
Maturation in vitro of immature human oocytes for clinical use (1998)

Human oocyte maturation is considered as the reinitiation and completion of the first meiotic division from the germinal vesicle stage (prophase I) to metaphase II, and the accompanying cytoplasmic maturation for fertilization and early embryonic development. Immature human oocytes obtained from patients undergoing gynaecological surgery, or ovulation induction or having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be matured and fertilized in vitro. To date, 80% of immature oocytes matured to metaphase II when cultured in maturation medium supplemented with gonadotrophins and 85% of matured oocytes fertilized and cleaved in vitro. Following transfer of these embryos, pregnancies and live births have been achieved. However, the capacity for oocyte maturation was different when the immature oocytes were retrieved from PCOS patients and when the oocytes were cryopreserved at germinal vesicle stage.
Pramipexole vs Levodopa as Initial Treatment for Parkinson Disease (2004)

Initial treatment with pramipexole resulted in lower incidences of dyskinesias and wearing off compared with initial treatment with levodopa. Initial treatment with levodopa resulted in lower incidences of freezing, somnolence, and edema and provided for better symptomatic control, as measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, compared with initial treatment with pramipexole. Both options resulted in similar quality of life. Levodopa and pramipexole both appear to be reasonable options as initial dopaminergic therapy for Parkinson disease, but they are associated with different efficacy and adverse-effect profiles.
Characterization of power electronics system interconnect parasitics using time domain reflectometry (1999)

The significance of interconnect parasitics of power electronics systems is their effects on power converters' electromagnetic interference (EMI)-related performances, such as voltage/current spikes, dv/dt, di/dt, conducted/radiated EMI noise, etc. In this paper, a time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement-based modeling technique is described for characterizing interconnect parasitics in switching power converters. Experiments are conducted on power components of a prototype high-power inverter, including insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules, busbar and bulk capacitors. It is shown that the interconnect inductance of the IGBT module can be extracted completely using TDR. It is also shown that the busbar equivalent circuit can be modeled as transmission line segments or L-C filter sections, and the bulk capacitor contains a significant equivalent series interconnect inductance.
In vitro and in vivo roles of sphingosine kinase 2 during dengue virus infection (2019)

There is growing evidence of the influence of sphingosine kinase (SK) enzymes on viral infection. Here, the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), an isoform of SK prominent in the brain, was defined during dengue virus (DENV) infection. Chemical inhibition of SK2 activity using two different SK2 inhibitors, ABC294640 and K145, had no effect on DENV infection in human cells in vitro. In contrast, DENV infection was restricted in SK2<sup>-/-</sup> immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) with reduced induction of IFN-β mRNA and protein, and mRNA for the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) viperin, IFIT1, IRF7 and CXCL10 in DENV-infected SK2<sup>-/-</sup> compared to WT iMEFs. Intracranial (ic) DENV injection in C57BL/6 SK2<sup>-/-</sup> mice induced body weight loss earlier than in WT mice but DENV RNA levels were comparable in the brain. Neither SK1 mRNA or sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels were altered following ic DENV infection in WT or SK2<sup>-/-</sup> mice but brain S1P levels were reduced in all SK2<sup>-/-</sup> mice, independent of DENV infection. CD8 mRNA was induced in the brains of both DENV-infected WT and SK2<sup>-/-</sup> mice, suggesting normal CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the DENV-infected brain independent of SK2 or S1P. Thus, although SK2 may be important for replication of some viruses SK2 activity does not affect DENV infection in vitro and SK2 or S1P levels do not influence DENV infection or T-cell infiltration in the context of infection in the brain.
Perfusion Enhances Functions of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in Three-Dimensional Culture (1998)

Perfusion of medium through three-dimensional (3D) collagen sponges enhanced viability and function of cocultivated marrow stromal and hematopoietic cell lines. Cells of the murine bone marrow stromal cell line GPIa were cultured in novel 3D collagen sponges, made from pepsin-digested bovine skin. Static cultures of sponges were maintained in dishes with media changes every other day. Perfused sponges were contained in a glass column with medium flow set at 1.3 mL/min. In some sponges, the 32D cl3 c-fms m (CRX-1) hematopoietic progenitor cell line was added 7 days after GPIa cells. At 7 and 16 days, light microscopic evaluation showed poor viability of cells in static sponge cultures. In perfused sponge cultures, there was greater cellularity throughout the sponge and abundant accumulation of metachromatic extracellular matrix surrounding GPIa cells. Chondroitin 6-sulfate and heparan sulfate were identified as components of the matrix by immunohistochemical methods. DNA synthesis was evaluated by 15-h exposure of cultures to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), with subsequent immunohistochemical localization with monoclonal anti-BrdU antibody. Cells positive for BrdU were identified at the outer surfaces of both static and perfused sponges; however, positive cells were also seen throughout the internal areas of the sponges that were perfused. These results suggest that better nutrient exchange occurred in perfused sponges. In static cocultures of GPIa and CRX-1 cells, there was no detectable viability of the IL-3–dependent CRX-1 cells; however, under perfused conditions, CRX-1 cells flourished within the sponges as documented by BrdU incorporation. Thus, medium perfusion enhanced GPIa stromal cell line viability and function in 3D collagen sponge cultures, as demonstrated by BrdU incorporation, matrix production, and support of CRX-1 cells. This novel culture system may be useful for examining the interactions of bone marrow stromal cells with extracellular matrix molecules, soluble and matrix-bound factors, and with other cell types.
A biomimetic undulatory tadpole robot using ionic polymer–metal composite actuators (2005)

The development of a wireless undulatory tadpole robot using ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) actuators is presented. In order to improve the thrust of the tadpole robot, a biomimetic undulatory motion of the fin tail is implemented. The overall size of the underwater microrobot prototype, shaped as a tadpole, is 96 mm in length, 24 mm in width, and 25 mm in thickness. It has one polymer fin tail driven by the cast IPMC actuator, an internal (wireless) power source, and an embedded controller. The motion of the tadpole microrobot is controlled by changing the frequency and duty ratio of the input voltage. Experimental results show that this technique can accurately control the steering and swimming speed of the proposed underwater tadpole robot.
Online Event Correlations Analysis in System Logs of Large-Scale Cluster Systems (2010)

It has been long recognized that failure events are correlated, not independent. Previous research efforts have shown the correlation analysis of system logs is helpful to resource allocation, job scheduling and proactive management. However, previous log analysis methods analyze the history logs offline. They fail to capture the dynamic change of system errors and failures. In this paper, we purpose an online log analysis approach to mine event correlations in system logs of large-scale cluster systems. Our contributions are three-fold: first, we analyze the event correlations of system logs of a 260-nodes production Hadoop cluster system, and the result shows that the correlation rules of logs change dramatically in different periods; Second, we present a online log analysis algorithm Apriori-SO; third, based on the online event correlations mining, we present an online event prediction method that can predict diversities of failure events with the great detail. The experiment result of a 260-nodes production Hadoop cluster system shows that our online log analysis algorithm can analyze the log streams to obtain event correlation rules in soft real time, and our online event prediction method can achieve higher precision rate and recall rate than the offline log analysis approach.
HLA class I–associated expansion of TRBV11-2 T cells in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (2021)

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, shares clinical features with toxic shock syndrome, which is triggered by bacterial superantigens. Superantigen specificity for different Vβ chains results in Vβ skewing, whereby T cells with specific Vβ chains and diverse antigen specificity are overrepresented in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Here, we characterized the TCR repertoire of MIS-C patients and found a profound expansion of TCRβ variable gene 11-2 (TRBV11-2), with up to 24% of clonal T cell space occupied by TRBV11-2 T cells, which correlated with MIS-C severity and serum cytokine levels. Analysis of TRBJ gene usage and complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) length distribution of MIS-C expanded TRBV11-2 clones revealed extensive junctional diversity. Patients with TRBV11-2 expansion shared HLA class I alleles A02, B35, and C04, indicating what we believe is a novel mechanism for CDR3-independent T cell expansion. In silico modeling indicated that polyacidic residues in the Vβ chain encoded by TRBV11-2 (Vβ21.3) strongly interact with the superantigen-like motif of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, suggesting that unprocessed SARS-CoV-2 spike may directly mediate TRBV11-2 expansion. Overall, our data indicate that a CDR3-independent interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike and TCR leads to T cell expansion and possibly activation, which may account for the clinical presentation of MIS-C.
Measurement of the Instantaneous Velocity of a Brownian Particle (2010)

Brownian motion of particles affects many branches of science. We report on the Brownian motion of micrometer-sized beads of glass held in air by an optical tweezer, over a wide range of pressures, and we measured the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle. Our results provide direct verification of the energy equipartition theorem for a Brownian particle. For short times, the ballistic regime of Brownian motion was observed, in contrast to the usual diffusive regime. We discuss the applications of these methods toward cooling the center-of-mass motion of a bead in vacuum to the quantum ground motional state.
QseC controls biofilm formation of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in addition to an AI-2-dependent mechanism (2012)

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a common pathogen associated with diseases such as acute otitis media or exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The biofilm-forming capability substantially contributes to the persistence of NTHi. However, the regulation of biofilm formation is not completely understood. Quorum sensing regulated by autoinducer-2 produced by luxS is until now the only described regulatory mechanism. In this study, we show that the two-component signalling system QseB/C is involved in the biofilm formation of NTHi in vitro. An isogenic NTHi mutant of qseC (Hi3655KR2) showed a significant decrease in biofilm formation under static and semi-static conditions as assessed by crystal violet staining. In addition, under constant flow conditions, Hi3655KR2 formed less biofilm after 48 h. The biofilm defects were irrespective of autoinducer-2 levels. Hence, here we suggest for the first time a regulatory circuit in NTHi, which controls biofilm formation by mechanisms other than or in addition to luxS-dependent factors.
SERCaMP: a carboxy-terminal protein modification that enables monitoring of ER calcium homeostasis (2014)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis is disrupted in diverse pathologies, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Temporally defining calcium dysregulation during disease progression, however, has been challenging. Here we describe secreted ER calcium-monitoring proteins (SERCaMPs), which allow for longitudinal monitoring of ER calcium homeostasis. We identified a carboxy-terminal modification that is sufficient to confer release of a protein specifically in response to ER calcium depletion. A Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)-based SERCaMP provides a simple and sensitive method to monitor ER calcium homeostasis in vitro or in vivo by analyzing culture medium or blood. GLuc-SERCaMPs revealed ER calcium depletion in rat primary neurons exposed to various ER stressors. In vivo, ER calcium disruption in rat liver was monitored over several days by repeated sampling of blood. Our results suggest that SERCaMPs will have broad applications for the long-term monitoring of ER calcium homeostasis and the development of therapeutic approaches to counteract ER calcium dysregulation.
Particle Swarm Optimization Based on a Novel Evaluation of Diversity (2021)

In this paper, we propose a particle swarm optimization variant based on a novel evaluation of diversity (PSO-ED). By a novel encoding of the sub-space of the search space and the hash table technique, the diversity of the swarm can be evaluated efficiently without any information compression. This paper proposes a notion of exploration degree based on the diversity of the swarm in the exploration, exploitation, and convergence states to characterize the degree of demand for the dispersion of the swarm. Further, a disturbance update mode is proposed to help the particles jump to the promising regions while reducing the cost of function evaluations for poor particles. The effectiveness of PSO-ED is validated on the CEC2015 test suite by comparison with seven popular PSO variants out of 12 benchmark functions; PSO-ED achieves six best results for both 10-D and 30-D.
ST-FL: style transfer preprocessing in federated learning for COVID-19 segmentation (2022)

Chest Computational Tomography (CT) scans present low cost, speed and objectivity for COVID-19 diagnosis and deep learning methods have shown great promise in assisting the analysis and interpretation of these images. Most hospitals or countries can train their own models using in-house data, however empirical evidence shows that those models perform poorly when tested on new unseen cases, surfacing the need for coordinated global collaboration. Due to privacy regulations, medical data sharing between hospitals and nations is extremely difficult. We propose a GAN-augmented federated learning model, dubbed ST-FL (Style Transfer Federated Learning), for COVID-19 image segmentation. Federated learning (FL) permits a centralised model to be learned in a secure manner from heterogeneous datasets located in disparate private data silos. We demonstrate that the widely varying data quality on FL client nodes leads to a sub-optimal centralised FL model for COVID-19 chest CT image segmentation. ST-FL is a novel FL framework that is robust in the face of highly variable data quality at client nodes. The robustness is achieved by a denoising CycleGAN model at each client of the federation that maps arbitrary quality images into the same target quality, counteracting the severe data variability evident in real-world FL use-cases. Each client is provided with the target style, which is the same for all clients, and trains their own denoiser. Our qualitative and quantitative results suggest that this FL model performs comparably to, and in some cases better than, a model that has centralised access to all the training data.
Impact of physical layer configuration on availability of path protected optical fibre transmission network (2011)

The paper presents a new availability model and method of calculating path protected network availability, using the parameters which describe the impact of cable network construction on overall availability. Based on previous studies and analysis of data on real optical fibre network failures and physical layer configuration, we defined and classified weighting factors. Presented algorithm for availability calculation of path protected network, which include weighting factors, allows us to find optimal paths according to defined criteria. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine how „sensitive“ a mean down time is to changes of weighting factors introduced to presented model. The obtained results are comparable with simulation results for idealized network cases with implementation of path protection. Proposed approximate method is favourable for a fast and objective availability estimation of observed network without the requirement for sophisticated tools and software.
Recent Progress in Human Molecular Biology and Expression Profiling of Active Genes in the Body (1995)

Recent progress in molecular biology based upon rapidly developing DNA technology is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the developing human genome project that includes structural as well as functional analyses of the genome. Expression profiling of active genes in the body helps construct a data-base for the functional aspects of the human genome.