gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heuristic threshold for Histogram-based Binarization of Grayscale Images (2014)

Se reporta el desarrollo de un laboratorio Virtual basado en histograma para llevar a cabo experimentos sobre binarizacion de imágenes en niveles de gris. A fin de automatizar el proceso de binarizacion, se introduce un Umbral Heurístico de Binarizacion. Después de obtener el histograma de una imagen en niveles de gris el modulo calcula el umbral heurístico, extrayendo el promedio ponderado de los niveles de gris de primer plano de la imagen. A continuación se resaltan los niveles de gris en la imagen que están por encima del umbral heurístico. Aunque aún no experimentalmente óptimo, el umbral heurístico proporciona una primera aproximación hacia la binarizacion automática de imágenes en niveles de gris.
Two‐dimension visualization of rain cell structures (2000)

A methodology is described for the simulation of two‐dimensional rain rate fields based on a formulation derived from radar measurements of other investigators and modeled point rain rate distributions. This simulation enables a determination of typical radar clutter maps of rain backscatter and estimates of terrestrial path attenuation as a function of distance and azimuth. Rain rate fields are derived for three diverse climatological regions, and a step‐by‐step methodology is presented for determining them. Parameters are tabulated, enabling the determination of rain rate fields for any of the 15 International Telecommunication Union‐Radio Communication rain rate zones. Examples giving typical path attenuation at 10 GHz versus distance profiles and 3‐GHz radar backscatter profiles are calculated. A modified formulation that predicts cumulative slant path fade distributions for Earth‐satellite scenarios using many of the elements of the simulation technique is reviewed. As a partial validation of the described rain rate field simulation technique, the cumulative fade distribution was calculated at 28.56 GHz and compared to the derived distribution from a previous 3‐year measurement program involving the COMSTAR satellite. The calculated and measured levels were observed to give close agreement over the attenuation range from 3 to 25 dB, resulting in a root‐mean‐square deviation smaller than l dB and a standard error of approximately 10%.
Detecting Sensor Faults, Anomalies and Outliers in the Internet of Things: A Survey on the Challenges and Solutions (2020)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant recognition to become a novel sensing paradigm to interact with the physical world in this Industry 4.0 era. The IoTs are being used in many diverse applications that are part of our life and is growing to become the global digital nervous systems. It is quite evident that in the near future, hundreds of millions of individuals and businesses with billions will have smart-sensors and advanced communication technology, and these things will expand the boundaries of current systems. This will result in a potential change in the way we work, learn, innovate, live and entertain. The heterogeneous smart sensors within the Internet of Things are indispensable parts, which capture the raw data from the physical world by being the first port of contact. Often the sensors within the IoT are deployed or installed in harsh environments. This inevitably means that the sensors are prone to failure, malfunction, rapid attrition, malicious attacks, theft and tampering. All of these conditions cause the sensors within the IoT to produce unusual and erroneous readings, often known as outliers. Much of the current research has been done in developing the sensor outlier and fault detection models exclusively for the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and adequate research has not been done so far in the context of the IoT. Wireless sensor network’s operational framework differ greatly when compared to IoT’s operational framework, using some of the existing models developed for WSN cannot be used on IoT’s for detecting outliers and faults. Sensor faults and outlier detection is very crucial in the IoT to detect the high probability of erroneous reading or data corruption, thereby ensuring the quality of the data collected by sensors. The data collected by sensors are initially pre-processed to be transformed into information and when Artificially Intelligent (AI), Machine Learning (ML) models are further used by the IoT, the information is further processed into applications and processes. Any faulty, erroneous, corrupted sensor readings corrupt the trained models, which thereby produces abnormal processes or outliers that are significantly distinct from the normal behavioural processes of a system. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the detecting sensor faults, anomalies, outliers in the Internet of Things and the challenges. A comprehensive guideline to select an adequate outlier detection model for the sensors in the IoT context for various applications is discussed.
Stealth-Persist: Architectural Support for Persistent Applications in Hybrid Memory Systems (2021)

Non-volatile memories (NVMs) have the characteristics of both traditional storage systems (persistent) and traditional memory systems (byte-addressable). However, they suffer from high write latency and have a limited write endurance. Researchers have proposed hybrid memory systems that combine DRAM and NVM, utilizing the lower latency of the DRAM to hide some of the shortcomings of the NVM - improving system's performance by caching resident NVM data in the DRAM. However, this can nullify the persistency of the cached pages, leading to a question of trade-offs in terms of performance and reliability. In this paper, we propose Stealth-Persist, a novel architecture support feature that allows applications that need persistence to run in the DRAM while maintaining the persistency features provided by the NVM. Stealth-Persist creates the illusion of a persistent memory for the application to use, while utilizing the DRAM for performance optimizations. Our experimental results show that Stealth-Persist improves the performance by 42.02% for persistent applications.
Rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin/vitamin K antagonist therapy in patients with venous thromboembolism and renal impairment (2014)

NCT00440193 and NCT00439777.
Performance of WLAN 802.11B Standard at In-Vehicle Environment (2006)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11b WLAN communication between access point(AP) and mobile equipment(ME) in 2.4 GHz band with noise and interference factors. WLAN communication at in-vehicle environment is assumed as the communication between electric control units(ECUs) of vehicle and central body controller in telematics field for implementing wireless vehicle control system. Received interference level from other system's mobile equipment in the same band and automobile noise from each part of vehicle can be the main factors that can cause increasing error rate of control signal. With these factors, we focus on the Eb/No the BER performance of WLAN for analyzing the characteristic of interference factors by the measured bit error rate.
A Performance Comparison between Circular and Spline-Based Methods for Iris Segmentation (2014)

Iris segmentation is an important module of iris recognition that can substantially affect recognition performance. Since iris and pupil boundaries usually are not exactly circular, spline-based methods have been used to model irregular iris and pupil boundaries recently. However, in most existing methods, many other factors or modules in the iris recognition pipeline are evaluated together and their mixed effects are assumed to be negligible. More importantly, the splines that model irregularity of the boundaries could not be enough to model the internal nonlinear deformations of an iris pattern (e.g., caused by iris dilation). As a result, it remains unclear whether spline-based methods can provide significant improvements. In this paper, we conduct a complete performance comparison between circular and spline-based methods. There are mainly two contributions. Firstly, for the purpose of comparison, we propose a spline estimator that is robust to outliers caused by eyelashes, eyelids, highlights, and shadows. Secondly, we analyze the relation between iris matching distances and segmentation results by using circular and spline-based methods. Based on our experiments, we found that, even with the proposed robust spline estimator, the improvement of recognition performance is still limited (around 6%). Therefore, in case that less robust spline estimators are used due to the real-time requirement in practical systems, the actual recognition improvement by using splines could be far below the expectation.
Fabrication of Conductive 3D Gold‐Containing Microstructures via Direct Laser Writing (2016)

3D conductive microstructures containing gold are fabricated by simultaneous photopolymerization and photoreduction via direct laser writing. The photoresist employed consists of water-soluble polymers and a gold precursor. The fabricated microstructures show good conductivity and are successfully employed for 3D connections between gold pads.
Tools for Identifying Reliable Evidence and Implementing it in Everyday Clinical Care. (2013)

Just as translational medicine follows a long winding path from bench-to-bedside, so can Evidence-Based Medicine be envisioned as comprising a multi-step pipeline, from building evidence from raw data through synthesizing best practices and providing clinical decision support in a process described as the “evidence pyramid”.1 At one end, a heterogeneous mix of clinical and experimental studies including clinical trials, case reports, animal models and retrospective analyses are published as new knowledge. Then, experts collect and assess high-quality relevant evidence on specific issues and publish their conclusions (e.g., regarding efficacy and safety of treatments) as systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Finally, when an expert consensus has been reached, this must reach the attention of policy makers within the profession, the government and insurance companies, resulting in new practice guidelines and altered clinical practice within hospitals and clinics. At each stage, this process requires a large investment of time and effort from many individuals with a wide range of expertise. Our panel will discuss the variety of innovative approaches that are being taken by different informatics research groups to improve each step within the evidence based medicine pipeline. These approaches are, in part, devoted to making existing data collection and synthesis practices faster and more efficient, but
Tudor and Nuclease-Like Domains Containing Protein p100 Function as Coactivators for Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (2003)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) plays a critical role in prolactin (PRL)-induced transcription of several milk protein genes. Stat5-mediated gene regulation is modulated by cooperation of Stat5 with cell type- and promoter-specific transcription factors as well as by interaction with transcriptional coregulators. Recently, the expression of a tudor and staphylococcal nuclease-like domains containing protein p100 was found to be increased in mammary epithelial cells during lactation in response to lactogenic hormones. p100 was initially identified as a transcriptional coactivator of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2. In this study we investigated the potential role of p100 in PRL-induced Stat5-mediated transcriptional activation. PRL stimulation increased the p100 protein levels in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells. p100 did not affect the early activation events of Stat5, but p100 enhanced the Stat5-dependent transcriptional activation in HC11 cells. p100 associated with Stat5 both in vivo and in vitro, and the interaction was mediated by both the tudor and staphylococcal nuclease-like domains of p100. Together these results suggest that p100 functions as a transcriptional coactivator for Stat5-dependent gene regulation and the existence of a positive regulatory loop in PRL-induced transcription, in which PRL stabilizes p100 protein, which in turn can cooperate with Stat5 in transcriptional activation.
Creativity as a Practical Manifestation of Freedom (Historical and Theoretical Context) (2021)

The study concerns the consideration of creativity in the light of the main philosophical studies of this concept. The activity of the creative process practically proves the presence of freedom in human existence. Views on creativity reflect the attitude of a particular thinker to the question of the opposition of freedom and predestination in general. The polemical moments concerning creativity are considered and the ways of their decision are offered. In particular, two opposing views on the work of Plato and Aristotle are studied, where human talent presupposes divine inspiration (Plato) or, accordingly, only personal efforts. Nikolai Berdyaev tries to resolve the controversy between Aristotle and Plato by combining their views. He endows man with divine properties and thus indicates the source of creativity in the middle of man himself. Philip Hefner gives the individual the status of “co-creator” and puts forward the theory that man is called to improve and complete God’s creation. The study also focuses on the content and purpose of creativity. Creativity for the sake of creativity itself, which Albert Camus wrote about, was criticized by M. Berdyaev, and he offered his vision of this issue: creativity for the sake of a universal goal. Camus’ views were generally shared by A. Bergson. In connection with this last controversy, the actualization of Hryhoriy Skovoroda’s doctrine of “related work” is proposed and the expediency of this actualization is argued. Our domestic philosopher originally balances the pessimism of Camus’s work and Berdyaev’s enterprising approach. Skovoroda supports his conclusions with accurate practical examples. Reasoned conclusions about the need to update the teachings of G. Skovoroda on creativity and «related work» are given.
Impact of Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor (KIR) Ligand Incompatibility in Nonmyeloablative Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) from Haploidentical Donors. (2006)

Abstract Donor vs. recipient natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity in mismatched (haploidentical) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been defined as a mismatch between killer inhibitory receptors (KIR) on donor NK cells and their inhibitory HLA class I ligands on recipient cells. Data reporting the impact of KIR incompatibility in the haploidentical BMT setting have been controversial. Here, we examine the effect of KIR ligand mismatches in 60 patients with advanced hematologic malignancies who were enrolled in a clinical trial of nonmyeloablative haploidentical BMT (“mini-haploBMT”). All patients were conditioned prior to transplantation with fludarabine, low dose cyclophosphamide (Cy), and 200 cGy TBI, and after transplantation received high dose Cy, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus. The median age of transplant recipients was 48 years (range, 1–71years). Patients received a median of 1.27x 108/kg mononuclear cells/kg and a median of 3.9 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Donor-recipient pairs had an average of 3 out of 8 HLA antigen mismatches in both the host-vs.-graft (HVG) and graft-vs.-host (GVH) directions. Graft failure occurred in 12/58 (21%) evaluable patients, and grade 3–4 GVHD occurred in 7/60 patients (11.7%). Median time to disease progression was 222 days and median overall survival was 255 days. The median follow-up at the time of this analysis was 251 days (range 41–1715 days). KIR mismatches were identified via KIR genotyping (KIR genes determined by SSP from genomic DNA extracts) as well as via the previously described receptor:ligand model which identifies the presence of inhibitory KIR on donor cells, with absence of HLA ligand on host cells. Utilizing the receptor:ligand model, our results demonstrate an improvement in time to relapse (TTR) in patients with ≥1 inhibitory KIR mismatches (32 patients, median TTR 359 days) versus no mismatches (27 patients, median TTR 185 days) (p=0.036) and an improved overall survival (OS) in patients with ≥1 inhibitory KIR mismatches (32 patients, median OS 622 days) versus no mismatches (27 patients, median OS 208 days) (p=0.008). No significant difference in OS or TTR was found when patients were separated by disease type (myeloid versus lymphoid; OS p= 0.095 vs. p=0.1 and TTR p=0.2 vs. 0.1). There were also no significant differences in TTR or OS when using the KIR genotyping method of identifying mismatches. No differences in Grades 2–4 graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or engraftment were found based on the presence of inhibitory or stimulatory KIR mismatches, although the small numbers of patients with GVHD or engraftment failure prevent a definitive analysis. KIR ligand incompatibility in the GVH direction is associated with a prolonged time to relapse and improved overall survival after nonmyeloablative haploidentical BMT. These findings may warrant the selection of donors based upon KIR ligand incompatibility.
Preferential Inhibition of LDL Oxidation by the all-trans Isomer of β-Carotene in Comparison with 9-cis β-Carotene (1993)

The synthetic all-trans isomer of beta-carotene was recently shown to possess antioxidant properties towards the formation of oxidized low density lipoprotein. In the present study, the binding of the all-trans and the 9-cis isomers of beta-carotene to plasma lipoproteins was investigated, and the effect of these isomers on the susceptibility of plasma lipoprotein to lipid peroxidation and on macrophage uptake of oxidized LDL were studied. Both the synthetic all-trans isomer of beta-carotene and the natural beta-carotene from the algae Dunaliella Bardawil [which is composed of the all-trans (70%) and the 9-cis (30%) isomers], were found to bind similarly to all plasma lipoproteins, following the incubation of beta-carotene with purified lipoproteins or with whole plasma. Incubation of the beta-carotene isomers with whole plasma, followed by separation of the lipoproteins, revealed substantial carotene binding to very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and to LDL and limited binding to high density lipoprotein (HDL). Lipid peroxidation of VLDL and LDL were significantly inhibited by beta-carotene. The synthetic beta-carotene, however, was twice as effective as the Dunaliella beta-carotene in inhibiting LDL lipid peroxidation (following LDL incubation with copper ions). Cellular degradation of oxidized lipoproteins (mediated via the scavenger receptor) was decreased by 40% and 18%, respectively, when they were prepared by incubation in the presence of synthetic or natural beta-carotene; the control oxidized LDL was prepared in the absence of beta-carotene.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sustaining reductions in catheter related bloodstream infections in Michigan intensive care units: observational study (2010)

The reduced rates of catheter related bloodstream infection achieved in the initial 18 month post-implementation period were sustained for an additional 18 months as participating intensive care units integrated the intervention into practice. Broad use of this intervention with achievement of similar results could substantially reduce the morbidity and costs associated with catheter related bloodstream infections.
Errors in attenuation measurements due to nonlinear propagation effects (1992)

An investigation into the influence of finite amplitude distortion on narrow-band ultrasonic attenuation measurements is described. Measurements have been made using a through-transmission substitution technique in the nonlinear field of a 5-MHz plane-piston transducer driven under tone-burst conditions. Various transducer excitation levels were used to generate a range of shock parameters σ at the position of the measuring hydrophone up to a maximum of 3. The influence of the resulting loss in amplitude at the fundamental frequency has been studied by measuring the transmission properties of reference attenuators consisting of Dow Corning-710 fluid-filled cells of various thickness. The presence of nonlinear distortion in the acoustic waveform produces overestimates of the measured transmission coefficients. The magnitude of the error has been shown to depend on the value of σ, the small signal transmission loss of the sample and its position in the acoustic field. In some situations, the error was as high as 100%. A theoretical model that describes the variation of the transmission coefficient with σ has been derived and good agreement demonstrated between theory and experiment. The implications for attenuation measurements, both narrow band and broadband, are discussed.
Factor XII – What's important but not commonly thought about (2019)

Factor XII (FXII) becomes a serine protease when blood is exposed to artificial medical surfaces or when pathologic surfaces arise in disease states leading to its autoactivation. Initiation of the blood coagulation cascade was the first recognized activity of FXIIa. Blocking FXIIa activity formed on artificial medical surfaces should reduce induced blood coagulation leading to thrombosis. In contrast to FXII enzymatic activities, less is known about zymogen FXII functions. Studies show that zymogen FXII has biologic activity in various cells in vivo. In endothelium, FXII stimulates cell growth and proliferation and, in vivo, neoangiogenesis after injury. In fibroblasts, transforming growth factor-β increases FXII expression, which in turn stimulates fibroblast proliferation, contributing to tissue fibrosis. In neutrophils, FXII stimulates Akt2 to initiate neutrophil adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis, priming events leading to NETosis. Factor FXII deficiency leads to decreased neutrophil recruitment and improved wound healing. In dendritic cells, FXII contributes to neuroinflammation, and its deficiency or pharmacologic inhibition renders mice less susceptible to autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These combined studies indicate that FXII also contributes to multiple components of the inflammatory response. In sum, targeting FXII's biologic activities may provide novel approaches to reduce thrombosis and the inflammatory response in various disease states.