gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Activity of Pristimerin in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive SKBR3 Human Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

Pristimerin is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that causes cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines. However, the mechanism of action for the cytotoxic effect of pristimerin has not been unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pristimerin on cytotoxicity using the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line. Pristimerin inhibited proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners in cells. We found it to be effective for suppressing HER2 protein and mRNA expression. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression and FASN activity were downregulated by pristimerin. Adding of exogenous palmitate, the end product of de novo fatty acid synthesis, reduced the proliferation activity of pristimerin. The changes in HER2 and FASN expression induced by pristimerin altered the levels of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation (Erk1/2, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)). Pristimerin lowered the levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets such as phosphoprotein 70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase and 4E binding protein1. Pristimerin inhibited migration and invasion of cells, and co-treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin additionally suppressed these activities. Pristimerin-induced apoptosis was evaluated using Western blotting for caspase-3, -8, -9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression and flow cytometric analysis for propidium iodide labeling. These results suggest that pristimerin is a novel HER2-downregulated compound that is able to decrease fatty acid synthase and modulate the Akt, MAPK, and mTOR signaling pathways to influence metastasis and apoptosis. Pristimerin may be further evaluated as a chemotherapeutic agent for HER2-positive breast cancers.
Antibacterial and anticancer activity of loaded quinazolinone polypyrrole/chitosan silver chloride nanocomposite (2016)

Polypyrrole/chitosan-silver chloride core shell nanocomposite (AgCl@PPC) was prepared by in situ oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py) using ferric chloride in the presence of chitosan (CS) and silver nitrate to develop a carrier and controlled release system for 3-amino-2-phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone (I). For sake of comparison, polypyrrole chitosan core shell nanoparticles (PPC) were prepared and loaded by (I). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis confirm that I was loaded into PPC and AgCl@PPC core shell nanocomposites respectively, through physical interaction. Results revealed that loaded AgCl@PPC and PPC exhibited excellent antibacterial and anticancer efficacy against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.
Using Synthetic Data and Deep Networks to Recognize Primitive Shapes for Object Grasping (2019)

A segmentation-based architecture is proposed to decompose objects into multiple primitive shapes from monocular depth input for robotic manipulation. The backbone deep network is trained on synthetic data with 6 classes of primitive shapes generated by a simulation engine. Each primitive shape is designed with parametrized grasp families, permitting the pipeline to identify multiple grasp candidates per shape primitive region. The grasps are priority ordered via proposed ranking algorithm, with the first feasible one chosen for execution. On task-free grasping of individual objects, the method achieves a 94% success rate. On task-oriented grasping, it achieves a 76% success rate. Overall, the method supports the hypothesis that shape primitives can support task-free and task-relevant grasp prediction.
Estimating Coarse Gene Network Structure from Large-Scale Gene Perturbation Data (2002)

Large scale gene perturbation experiments generate information about the number of genes whose activity is directly or indirectly affected by a gene perturbation. From this information, one can numerically estimate coarse structural network features such as the total number of direct regulatory interactions and the number of isolated subnetworks in a transcriptional regulation network. Applied to the results of a large-scale gene knockout experiment in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the results suggest that the yeast transcriptional regulatory network is very sparse, containing no more direct regulatory interactions than genes. The network comprises >100 independent subnetworks.
Accurate detection of both glycoproteins and total proteins on blots: Control of side reactions occurring after periodate oxidation of proteins (1999)

The detection of glycoproteins based on the periodate oxidation of their carbohydrate moiety, and their conjugation to digoxigenin hydrazide directly on blots, leads to high background staining, especially with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. The addition of Tween-20 to all incubation solutions, except at the oxidation step, strongly reduced the background staining and allowed us to detect lower amounts of glycans fixed on the blots through the protein moiety. The presence of polysaccharides during the oxidation step was shown to produce side reactions that led to the staining of nonglycosylated proteins; it demonstrated risks that may occur with crude extracts when periodate oxidation is performed in solution. The phenomenon was used to design a total protein-staining assay that can be included along with positive and negative controls in a general strategy based on blotting, which was delineated for the identification of glycoproteins in complex tissue extracts.
LEACHING OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS: PAST AND PRESENT (2014)

The recycling of Rare Earth Elements (REE) from mine tailings and REE containing End‐of‐Life (EoL) scrap, the two main secondary resources, offers great opportunities to secure REE supply in Europe. The relatively low concentration of REE in mine tailings (1000‐1500 ppm) and the variety in contaminants in the EoL scrap have made the extraction of REE from these resources very challenging. This paper provides a review of the past and present technologies for REE leaching used in primary REE production and in REE recycling, as an important part of hydrometallurgical REE processing. Detailed studies of existing processes are essential to properly understand and resolve the difficulties in REE recycling from these secondary resources. The known processes range from acid leaching with H2SO4, HCl or HNO3 for primary ores, to leaching with NaCl or (NH4)2SO4 of ion adsorbed clays and combined base and acid leaching for EoL lamp phosphors. A comprehensive understanding of these processes is the key to applying them to REE recycling from secondary resources.
Revisiting the E-Learning Systems Success Model in the Post-COVID-19 Age: The Role of Monitoring Quality (2023)

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant changes in educational delivery methods and student learning. E-learning systems, which previous research had found to be effective in voluntary contexts, suddenly became mandatory but proved to be less effective for students worldwide. Hence, there is a need for academics and practitioners to revisit the e-learning systems success model in the post-COVID-19 era. Building upon previous e-learning and information systems success models, this study aimed to re-specify and validate the e-learning systems success model by examining the role of monitoring quality. Data were collected from 191 college students and analyzed using the partial least squares approach. The results indicated that information quality, system quality, and service quality had a positive influence on both user satisfaction and communication quality, which, in turn, positively impacted loyalty intention and subsequently enhanced learning effectiveness. Notably, the newly added construct of monitoring quality had the strongest effect on communication quality compared to information quality, system quality, service quality, and monitoring quality. However, it had no impact on user satisfaction. The findings of this study provide several important theoretical and practical implications for e-learning systems success models in the post-COVID-19 era.
Random Shuffling Beats SGD after Finite Epochs (2018)

A long-standing problem in the theory of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is to prove that its without-replacement version RandomShuffle converges faster than the usual with-replacement version. We present the first (to our knowledge) non-asymptotic solution to this problem, which shows that after a "reasonable" number of epochs RandomShuffle indeed converges faster than SGD. Specifically, we prove that under strong convexity and second-order smoothness, the sequence generated by RandomShuffle converges to the optimal solution at the rate O(1/T^2 + n^3/T^3), where n is the number of components in the objective, and T is the total number of iterations. This result shows that after a reasonable number of epochs RandomShuffle is strictly better than SGD (which converges as O(1/T)). The key step toward showing this better dependence on T is the introduction of n into the bound; and as our analysis will show, in general a dependence on n is unavoidable without further changes to the algorithm. We show that for sparse data RandomShuffle has the rate O(1/T^2), again strictly better than SGD. Furthermore, we discuss extensions to nonconvex gradient dominated functions, as well as non-strongly convex settings.
The tale of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFβ) signaling: A soigné enigma (2009)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) is a secreted cytokine, which intricately controls a plethora of physiological and pathological processes during development and carcinogenesis. TGFbeta exerts antiproliferative effects and functions as a tumor suppressor during early stages of tumorigenesis, whereas at later stages it functions as a tumor promoter aiding in metastatic progression through an autocrine TGFbeta loop. Intricate knowledge of TGFbeta signaling and its regulation are still evolving. In this review, we make an attempt to showcase the associated enigma of TGFbeta signaling in its dual functional role as tumor suppressor and metastatic promoter during early and late stages of carcinogenesis, respectively.
Rapid Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Support System (1997)

Emergency cardiopulmonary support (CPS) systems for pediatric patients have not achieved widespread acceptance because they have been limited by extended setup times and large priming volumes requiring blood products. To address these limitations, we developed a miniaturized CPS system which can be rapidly assembled with a small bloodless priming volume. This system was successfully utilized in two infants with congenital heart disease in whom emergent cardiopulmonary support was instituted outside the operating room. The pediatric CPS system proved safe and effective in allowing the salvage of both patients. Further study of this system is warranted to evaluate potential future applications.
An ultrafast self-healing polydimethylsiloxane elastomer with persistent sealing performance (2019)

A novel polydimethylsiloxane elastomer obtained by crosslinking a long chain of poly(dimethylsiloxane) with tetra-functional biphenyl <italic>via</italic> an aldimine polycondensation reaction, exhibits ultrafast self-healing capability and persistent sealing performance (can completely self-heal punctured holes or scratches in seconds and therefore maintain its excellent sealing property).
Development of a Bioartificial Vascular Pancreas (2021)

Transplantation of pancreatic islets has been shown to be effective, in some patients, for the long-term treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, transplantation of islets into either the portal vein or the subcutaneous space can be limited by insufficient oxygen transfer, leading to islet loss. Furthermore, oxygen diffusion limitations can be magnified when islet numbers are increased dramatically, as in translating from rodent studies to human-scale treatments. To address these limitations, an islet transplantation approach using an acellular vascular graft as a vascular scaffold has been developed, termed the BioVascular Pancreas (BVP). To create the BVP, islets are seeded as an outer coating on the surface of an acellular vascular graft, using fibrin as a hydrogel carrier. The BVP can then be anastomosed as an arterial (or arteriovenous) graft, which allows fully oxygenated arterial blood with a pO<sub>2</sub> of roughly 100 mmHg to flow through the graft lumen and thereby supply oxygen to the islets. In silico simulations and in vitro bioreactor experiments show that the BVP design provides adequate survivability for islets and helps avoid islet hypoxia. When implanted as end-to-end abdominal aorta grafts in nude rats, BVPs were able to restore near-normoglycemia durably for 90 days and developed robust microvascular infiltration from the host. Furthermore, pilot implantations in pigs were performed, which demonstrated the scalability of the technology. Given the potential benefits provided by the BVP, this tissue design may eventually serve as a solution for transplantation of pancreatic islets to treat or cure type 1 diabetes.
Using Attribute-based Feature Selection Approaches and Machine Learning Algorithms for Detecting Fraudulent Website URLs (2020)

Phishing is a malicious form of online theft and needs to be prevented in order to increase the overall trust of the public on the Internet. In this study, for that purpose, the authors present their findings on the methods of detecting phishing websites. Data mining algorithms along with classifier algorithms are used in order to achieve a satisfactory result. In terms of classifiers, the Naïve Bayes, SMO, and J48 algorithms are used. As for the feature selection algorithm; Gain Ratio Attribute and ReliefF Attribute are selected. The results are provided in a comparative way. Accordingly; SMO and J48 algorithms provided satisfactory results in the detection of phishing websites, however, Naïve Bayes performed poor and is the least recommended method among all.
α-Aminoallylation of Aldehydes with Ammonia:  Stereoselective Synthesis of Homoallylic Primary Amines (2004)

Three-component reactions of aldehydes, ammonia, and allylboronates were found to provide homoallylic primary amines in high yields with high chemo- and stereoselectivities. A two-step, one-pot, stereoselective synthesis of an uncommon alpha-amino acid, alloisoleucine, was achieved utilizing this reaction.
L/sub E/: a high level language for specifying vision verification tasks (2002)

The author describes, L/sub E/, a visual language for specifying verification tasks in the context of the execution of assembly plans. The instructions of L/sub E/ have a predicative form, which, being linked in conjunction, imposes conditions on the application of robot actions. These instructions are related to the identification and localization of assembly parts, the verification of the computed trajectory, the verification of the correctness of the object positions, and the verification of the fact that the geometric relations between objects characterizing the manipulation process have been attained. To automatically transform these vision verification tasks into vision programs, the authors defined several data structures by using exhaustively the geometrical and physical object models supporting the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Video frame alignment in multiple views (2003)

Many events are captured using multiple cameras today. Frames of each video stream have to be synchronized and aligned to a common time axis before processing them. Synchronization of the video streams necessarily needs a hardware based solution that is applied while capturing. The alignment problem between the frames of multiple videos can be posed as a search using traditional measures for image similarity. Multiview relations and constraints developed in Computer Vision recently can provide more elegant solutions to this problem. In this paper, we provide two solutions for the video frame alignment problem using two view and three view constraints. We present solutions to this problem for the case when the videos are taken using affine cameras and for general projective cameras. Excellent experimental results are achieved by our algorithms.
Expressed full-length von Willebrand factor containing missense mutations linked to type IIB von Willebrand disease shows enhanced binding to platelets (1992)

von Willebrand disease (vWD) variant type IIB is an inherited bleeding disorder resulting from the spontaneous binding of defective von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelets in vivo. To identify the molecular basis for type IIB vWD, we used reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction to examine the nucleotide sequence of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-binding domain encoded by the vWF messenger RNA in an affected family, and in an unrelated affected individual. We identified two different missense mutations linked with expression of type IIB vWD. These mutations, which lead to Pro574----Leu and Val553----Met substitutions, respectively, were each introduced into the full-length vWF expression vector pvW198, and both wild-type (wt) and mutant vWF were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Binding assays showed that both mutant proteins showed significant non-ristocetin-dependent spontaneous binding to platelets, and that complete binding was induced by low concentrations of ristocetin that failed to induce platelet binding by wt vWF. The vWF/platelet interaction was inhibited by the anti-vWF monoclonal antibody (MoAb) AvW3, and the anti-GPIb MoAb AP1, which both block vWF binding to platelets. These results show that the identified missense mutations are the likely basis for the expression of type IIB vWD in these affected individuals.
The Effect of Familiarity and Brand Attitude of Mobile Character Products on Consumers' Purchasing Behavior - Focusing on Kakao Friends Characters - (2018)

At the present time due to development of technology and diversity of consumer preference, companies are producing a wide variety of products. Under these circumstances, the companies' products have been marketing of using the characters which are familiar to consumers. The purpose of this study is to find out whether intimacy of the product character, product loyalty, and brand attitude can affect the consumer purchasing behavior positively. This study was carried out researching the domestic and foreign documents and based on the empirical analysis. A sample study of 232 people was conducted by measurement target including college students and office workers who are interested in the characters. Based from the results of the study, product loyalty and brand attitude affected consumer purchasing behavior whereas intimacy of the character has no effect at all. Namely consumers can feel the intimacy of characters but they are not interested in the products containning the characters. Factors that have the greatest impact on the purchase of a mobile character appeared as brand attitude.
Exploration and Research on the Ideological and Political Factors in the Course of Business Ethics (2023)

Business ethics is an indispensable and important component of modern business activities, and is a fundamental norm for regulating business behavior, maintaining fair competition, and promoting social development. With the continuous development of China's market economy and industrial structure, the role of business ethics in enterprise management and commercial activities is also receiving increasing attention. We can improving the business ethics level of college students, guide them to operate legally and in compliance with regulations, and reject corruption. Promoting social integrity construction are also important tasks of ideological and political education in current universities. The article mainly analyzes the teaching of ideological and political factors in the course of Business Ethics, hoping to promote the high-quality development of higher education.
Direct phase modulation of laser diodes (1992)

TRW was awarded a U.S. patent for direct phase modulation of laser diodes. The scheme can replace an electro-optic modulator with an electrical filter, greatly enhancing the practicality of heterodyne or homodyne P5K optical communication systems for satellite and fiber optic applications. The technique is described, simulation results are presented, filter designs are discussed and some experimental work is referenced.
DP-EM: Differentially Private Expectation Maximization (2016)

The iterative nature of the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm presents a challenge for privacy-preserving estimation, as each iteration increases the amount of noise needed. We propose a practical private EM algorithm that overcomes this challenge using two innovations: (1) a novel moment perturbation formulation for differentially private EM (DP-EM), and (2) the use of two recently developed composition methods to bound the privacy "cost" of multiple EM iterations: the moments accountant (MA) and zero-mean concentrated differential privacy (zCDP). Both MA and zCDP bound the moment generating function of the privacy loss random variable and achieve a refined tail bound, which effectively decrease the amount of additive noise. We present empirical results showing the benefits of our approach, as well as similar performance between these two composition methods in the DP-EM setting for Gaussian mixture models. Our approach can be readily extended to many iterative learning algorithms, opening up various exciting future directions.
Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung (2021)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the dorsomedial striatum (dmStr) are linked to working memory (WM) but how striatum-projecting mPFC neurons contribute to WM encoding, maintenance, or retrieval remains unclear. Here, we probed mPFC→dmStr pathway function in freely-moving mice during a T-maze alternation test of spatial WM. Fiber photometry of GCaMP6m-labeled mPFC→dmStr projection neurons revealed strongest activity during the delay period that requires WM maintenance. Demonstrating causality, optogenetic inhibition of mPFC→dmStr neurons only during the delay period impaired performance. Conversely, enhancing mPFC→dmStr pathway activity—via pharmacological suppression of HCN1 or by optogenetic activation during the delay— alleviated WM impairment induced by NMDA receptor blockade. Consistently, cellular-resolution miniscope imaging resolved preferred activation of >50% mPFC→dmStr neurons during WM maintenance. This subpopulation was distinct from neurons showing preference for encoding and retrieval. In all periods, including the delay, neuronal sequences were evident. Striatum-projecting mPFC neurons thus critically contribute to spatial WM maintenance.
Locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer: What is the optimal concurrent chemoradiation regimen? (2012)

The optimal chemoradiation regimen for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has yet to be defined. Disease and patient heterogeneity prevent a "one size fits all" approach to treatment. Concurrent chemoradiation up front is the definitive strategy for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC; the addition of consolidation chemotherapy following definitive treatment has produced conflicting results with respect to overall survival. Biologic therapies have yet to show value as add-on treatment to chemoradiation.