gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A small scintimammography detector based on a 5" PSPMT and a crystal scintillator array (2002)

The authors have been developing an application specific scintimammography gamma imaging detector based on a 5" diameter Hamamatsu R3292 position sensitive PMT. They have tested this PSPMT coupled two three different scintillating crystal arrays: YAP, CsI(Na) and NaI(Tl). Their results indicate that CsI(Na) is the best choice. In addition they have made measurements with the CsI(Na) array on a human torso phantom. The studies were directed toward development of optimized performance for imaging small lesions in the breast. Camera positioning during imaging and scatter rejection were investigated to arrive at a gamma imager and patient positioning scheme best suited for future patient studies.
Flash matting (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to extract mattes using a pair of flash/no-flash images. Our approach, which we call flash matting, was inspired by the simple observation that the most noticeable difference between the flash and no-flash images is the foreground object if the background scene is sufficiently distant. We apply a new matting algorithm called joint Bayesian flash matting to robustly recover the matte from flash/no-flash images, even for scenes in which the foreground and the background are similar or the background is complex. Experimental results involving a variety of complex indoors and outdoors scenes show that it is easy to extract high-quality mattes using an off-the-shelf, flash-equipped camera. We also describe extensions to flash matting for handling more general scenes.
Modification of polymer surfaces by two‐step plasma sensitized reactions (1990)

Abstract New reaction products have been generated on polyethylene and polystyrene surfaces using a novel two‐step process. The first stage involves exposure to a downstream nitrogen plasma, and the second to either ozone or a corona discharge. It is observed that each of the two‐step reactions yields very different reaction products, with an apparent increase in the formation of CO functional groups in the former case and the formation of surface  NO 2 groups in the latter case.
Statistical artifacts in diffusion tensor MRI (DT‐MRI) caused by background noise (2000)

This work helps elucidate how background noise introduces statistical artifacts in the distribution of the sorted eigenvalues and eigenvectors in diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) data. Although it was known that sorting eigenvalues (principal diffusivities) by magnitude introduces a bias in their sample mean within a homogeneous region of interest (ROI), here it is shown that magnitude sorting also introduces a significant bias in the variance of the sample mean eigenvalues. New methods are presented to calculate the mean and variance of the eigenvectors of the diffusion tensor, based on a dyadic tensor representation of eigenvalue–eigenvector pairs. Based on their use it is shown that sorting eigenvalues by magnitude also introduces a bias in the mean and the variance of the sample eigenvectors (principal directions). This required the development of new methods to calculate the mean and variance of the eigenvectors of the diffusion tensor, based on a dyadic tensor representation of eigenvalue–eigenvector pairs. Moreover, a new approach is proposed to order these pairs within an ROI. To do this, a correspondence between each principal axis of the diffusion ellipsoid, an eigenvalue–eigenvector pair, and a dyadic tensor constructed from it is exploited. A measure of overlap between principal axes of diffusion ellipsoids in different voxels is defined that employs projections between these dyadic tensors. The optimal eigenvalue assignment within an ROI maximizes this overlap. Bias in the estimate of the mean and of the variance of the eigenvalues and of their corresponding eigenvectors is reduced in DT-MRI experiments and in Monte Carlo simulations of such experiments. Improvement is most significant in isotropic regions, but some is also observed in anisotropic regions. This statistical framework should enhance our ability to characterize microstructure and architecture of healthy tissue, and help to assess its changes in development, disease, and degeneration. Mitigating these artifacts should also improve the characterization of diffusion anisotropy and the elucidation of fiber-tract trajectories in the brain and in other fibrous tissues. Magn Reson Med 44:41–50, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dual Layer and Multilayer Enhancements from Silver Film over Nanostructured Surface-Enhanced Raman Substrates (2005)

Novel dual layer and multilayer silver film over nanostructure (SFON) substrates have been developed that provide surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal enhancements of greater than 1000% compared to conventional single layer SFON substrates. These substrates provide signal enhancement factors of 3.8 x 10(5) and greater for a variety of SERS active analytes. Substrate preparation is accomplished by vapor depositing a thick (approximately 100 nm) layer of silver on top of an underlying layer of alumina nanoparticles, followed by deposition of additional layers of silver with silver oxide layers between them. Unlike previous dual layer silver island based substrates that have been developed, these substrates do not rely on achieving an optimal morphology via deposition of silver. Instead, these substrates rely on the roughness being provided by the original under-layer, providing enhanced substrate homogeneity and more reproducible signals than either silver island substrates or colloidal substrates. In addition, the signal enhancement gives these substrates extended lifetimes compared to conventional single layer SFON substrates. Finally, this study also shows that geometric surface structure and surface roughness factors play little or no role in this enhancement process, allowing for this multilayer fabrication process to be applied to many different types of substrates achieving similar or even greater results.
Recent Advances in Stellar Attitude Acquisition (SAA) Algorithms and Procedures (2005)

Over the past eleven years, Boeing has developed techniques for Stellar Inertial Attitude Determination (SIAD), a methodology for attitude determination using star trackers. A great deal of attention has been focused on one key SIAD component, Stellar Attitude Acquisition (SAA). SAA is used to initialize the attitude estimate, prior to entering normal mode operations. Multiple implementations of SAA exist, to allow compliance with differing requirements on various programs. SAA makes use of algorithms such as Lost-in-Space, which determines attitude given no a priori attitude knowledge, and Confused-in-Space, which determines attitude given some attitude-related knowledge (e.g., sun position in both ECI and the spacecraft body frame). Various features have been incorporated into SAA, such as the ability to calibrate star tracker alignment knowledge. SAA real-sky testing has been executed. The SAA algorithms and procedures are discussed in this paper.
Cooperative adsorption of carbon disulfide in diamine-appended metal–organic frameworks (2018)

Over one million tons of CS<sub>2</sub> are produced annually, and emissions of this volatile and toxic liquid, known to generate acid rain, remain poorly controlled. As such, materials capable of reversibly capturing this commodity chemical in an energy-efficient manner are of interest. Recently, we detailed diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks capable of selectively capturing CO<sub>2</sub> through a cooperative insertion mechanism that promotes efficient adsorption-desorption cycling. We therefore sought to explore the ability of these materials to capture CS<sub>2</sub> through a similar mechanism. Employing crystallography, spectroscopy, and gas adsorption analysis, we demonstrate that CS<sub>2</sub> is indeed cooperatively adsorbed in N,N-dimethylethylenediamine-appended M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Zn; dobpdc<sup>4-</sup> = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate), via the formation of electrostatically paired ammonium dithiocarbamate chains. In the weakly thiophilic Mg congener, chemisorption is cleanly reversible with mild thermal input. This work demonstrates that the cooperative insertion mechanism can be generalized to other high-impact target molecules.
Nonimaging solar concentrator with near-uniform irradiance for photovoltaic arrays (2001)

We report results of a study our group has undertaken to design a solar concentrator with uniform irradiance on a planar target. This attribute is especially important for photovoltaic concentrators. We find that a variety of optical mixers, some incorporating a moderate level of concentration, can be quite effective in achieving near uniform irradiance.
A New Fiber Optic Catheter-Tip Blood Pressure Transducer And Factors Determining Its Performance (1990)

Rapid development of fiber optic sensing technology promises better devices for medical practice. In this paper, a new fiberoptic catheter-tip blood pressure transducer is presented. During measurement, pressure is applied through a side port to a cantilever structure to cause a combined linear and angular displacement of the optical fibers with respect to a fixed reflector, thus modulating the input carrier light. At the signal processing module, a signal proportional to the applied pressure is generated. Factors affecting the performance of the new transducer have been carefully examined during its development and are discussed. In-vitro experimental results have demonstrated the promising performance of this transducer. It is capable of direct blood pressure measurement for assessment of cardiac and arterial functions.
Use of an antibody against the matrix metalloproteinase–generated aggrecan neoepitope fvdipen‐cooh to assess the effects of stromelysin in a rabbit model of cartilage degradation (1995)

These results indicate that the anti-FVDIPEN antibody can be used to assess the role of MMPs in cartilage degradation in vivo.
Miscibility in binary blends of poly(vinylphenol) and aromatic polyesters (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMiscibility in binary blends of poly(vinylphenol) and aromatic polyestersChristine J. T. Landry, Dennis J. Massa, David M. Teegarden, Michael R. Landry, P. Mark Henrichs, Ralph H. Colby, and Timothy E. LongCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 23, 6299–6307Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00075a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00075a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereophonic motion picture photographic sound-tracks compatible with different sound projection formats and record and playback apparatus therefore (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ioan R. Allen, Craig C. Todd; Stereophonic motion picture photographic sound‐tracks compatible with different sound projection formats and record and playback apparatus therefore. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 August 1986; 80 (2): 718. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.393975 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Substrate Specificity of a Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and Its Application in the Production of <scp>l</scp> -Ribose (2009)

The uncharacterized gene previously proposed as a mannose-6-phosphate isomerase from Bacillus subtilis was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The maximal activity of the recombinant enzyme was observed at pH 7.5 and 40 degrees C in the presence of 0.5 mM Co(2+). The isomerization activity was specific for aldose substrates possessing hydroxyl groups oriented in the same direction at the C-2 and C-3 positions, such as the d and l forms of ribose, lyxose, talose, mannose, and allose. The enzyme exhibited the highest activity for l-ribulose among all pentoses and hexoses. Thus, L-ribose, as a potential starting material for many L-nucleoside-based pharmaceutical compounds, was produced at 213 g/liter from 300-g/liter L-ribulose by mannose-6-phosphate isomerase at 40 degrees C for 3 h, with a conversion yield of 71% and a volumetric productivity of 71 g liter(-1) h(-1).
T2 Magnetic Resonance Enables Nanoparticle-Mediated Rapid Detection of Candidemia in Whole Blood (2013)

Candida spp. cause both local and disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. Bloodstream infections of Candida spp., known as "candidemia," are associated with a high mortality rate (40%), which is mainly attributed to the long diagnostic time required by blood culture. We introduce a diagnostic platform based on T2 magnetic resonance (T2MR), which is capable of sensitive and rapid detection of fungal targets in whole blood. In our approach, blood-compatible polymerase chain reaction is followed by hybridization of the amplified pathogen DNA to capture probe-decorated nanoparticles. Hybridization yields nanoparticle microclusters that cause large changes in the sample's T2MR signal. With this T2MR-based method, Candida spp. can be detected directly in whole blood, thus eliminating the need for analyte purification. Using a small, portable T2MR detection device, we were able to rapidly, accurately, and reproducibly detect five Candida species within human whole blood with a limit of detection of 1 colony-forming unit/ml and a time to result of <3 hours. Spiked blood samples showed 98% positive agreement and 100% negative agreement between T2MR and blood culture. Additionally, performance of the assay was evaluated on 21 blinded clinical specimens collected serially. This study shows that the nanoparticle- and T2MR-based detection method is rapid and amenable to automation and offers clinicians the opportunity to detect and identify multiple human pathogens within hours of sample collection.
Methods and compositions for regulating biofilm development using Nitric Oxide (2013)

The present invention relates to methods for promoting dispersal of, or preventing formation of microbial biofilms, comprising: exposing a biofilm to an effective amount of nitric oxide or at least one nitric oxide generating or releasing agent; treating a surface or medium susceptible to biofilm formation with an effective amount of nitric oxide or at least one nitric oxide generating or releasing agent; incorporating an effective amount of nitric oxide or at least one nitric oxide generating or releasing agent in a surface or medium susceptible to biofilm formation; or inducing the accumulation of one or more reactive oxygen or nitrogen species within microorganisms within said biofilm or capable of forming a biofilm. The invention also relates to methods for maintaining or enhancing or maintaining and enhancing the functioning of a biofilm, comprising exposing a biofilm to at least one nitric oxide scavenger, at least one antioxidant or at least one nitric oxide scavenger and at least one antioxidant. The invention also relates to compositions for promoting dispersal of, or preventing formation of microbial biofilms, or for maintaining or enhancing or maintaining and enhancing the functioning of microbial biofilms.
<title>Ultrasound signal processing for characterization and enhanced biometry of the cornea</title> (2001)

Purpose: The cornea acts as the window of the eye's optical system, and its chief refractive component. The lack of intervening tissues makes the cornea accessible to very high frequency ultrasonic study. In this report, we detail use of radiofrequency (RF) signal processing methods to characterize corneal pathology and to enhance biometric precision. Methods: Using a 50 MHz PVDF transducer, we scanned the cornea using an arc motion so as to maintain normality and consistent range. RF data were acquired at a sample rate of 500 MHz. Deconvolution against a glass-plate echo allowed biometric enhancement (by effectively broadening the bandwidth) and measurement of tissue backscatter spectra. Results: Calibrated spectrum analysis was used to quantitatively measure backscatter in corneal scars and other pathologies. Signal processing allowed us to attain reproducibility for repeated measurements of the corneal epithelium (approximately 50 microns thick) to 1 micron. By combining measurements from a series of planes, maps of the thickness of the individual layers comprising the cornea were produced. Conclusion: The layers of the cornea have different optical refractive indices, and thus their thicknesses directly affect visual acuity. The scattering of light by a corneal scar is caused by inhomogeneities or irregularities that may result in acoustic backscatter as well. The ability of ultrasound to quantify backscatter and corneal layer thickness provides a new avenue for diagnosis of corneal disease and refractive abnormalities.
CNT EUV pellicle: moving towards a full-size solution (2017)

Development of a pellicle membrane to protect the reticle from particles for EUV source powers beyond 250 W is a subject of intensive research and is in great demand to support high volume manufacturing with EUV lithography. Identifying a membrane with high EUV transmission, mechanical integrity, thermal stability and chemical resistance within the scanner environment is extremely challenging; yet these properties are required to realize next-generation EUV pellicle solutions. This paper proposes free-standing carbon nanotube (CNT) film as an alternative next generation core pellicle material. Most of the desired pellicle characteristics can be achieved by tuning the properties of freestanding CNT films. We demonstrate that free-standing CNT films possess very high EUV transmission (up to 99%) and good transmission uniformity (0.4% half range), mechanical stability (maximum deflection ~0.08 mm at 2 Pa), thermal stability (no change under greater than 500 W equivalent EUV exposure in vacuum without hydrogen radicals) and scalability to a full pellicle size. Other important CNT membrane properties are presented and are favourable for the pellicle application: low EUV scattering, low EUV reflectivity and high transmission under DUV. The ability of the CNT film to stop particles is analysed. The only known failure of the CNT membrane is instability to hydrogen radical/ion environment within the current reticle chamber of the scanner. If changing that environment to limit hydrogen radicals near the pellicle surface is not an option, there is a need to coat the CNT structures for protection. The challenges and considerations for coating the free-standing CNT membranes are discussed.
Inhibition of Notch and tumor regression (2009)

e14623 Background: Notch signaling is an evolutionary-conserved pathway in vertebrates and invertebrates which is involved many developmental processes, including cell fate decisions, apoptosis, proliferation, and stem-cell self renewal. There is increasing evidence that the same molecular pathways regulating the self renewal of stem cells are also being employed in cancer progression. The Notch signal transduction pathway has been implicated in the self-renewal of stem cells in hematopoietic, skin, neural, germ and breast tissue. Increasing evidence suggests that the Notch signaling pathway is frequently up regulated in many forms of cancer including acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, cervical, prostate, lung, breast and others. Thus,inhibition of the pathway could provide a novel treatment of cancer and cancer stem cells. Methods: We have genetically engineered a fusion protein, consisting of the Drosophila transcription factor Antennapedia (ANTP) and with the truncated version of Mastermind-like (MAML) that behaves in a dominant negative (DN) fashion and inhibits Notch activation (ANTP/DN MAML, TR4). This novel fusion protein has been tested for its ability to target tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Results: Our data show that ANTP/DN MAML fusion protein, TR4 contains signals for proper cell targeting, internalization and nuclear transport. Furthermore, TR4 inhibits human mammary and colon xenograft tumor growth and metastases in immuno deficient mice.TR4 presence and activity was also detected in the brains of treated animals demonstrating that TR4 can cross the blood-brain barrier and potentially eliminate brain tumors and metastases, unlike other anticancer drugs and biological such as monoclonal antibodies that cannot cross the blood brain barrier. TR4 was found to be non- immunogenic following repeat administration in healthy animals. At very high doses (>10x therapeutic dose) it caused anorexia and weight loss in mice. Conclusions: The TR4 protein, a Notch inhibitor, can induce tumor regression and resolution of breast and colon cancer xenografts. It is non- immunogenic following repeat administration and has acceptable toxicity profile. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years (2006)

Research into the pharmacology of individual cannabinoids that began in the 1940s, several decades after the presence of a cannabinoid was first detected in cannabis, is concisely reviewed. Also described is how this pharmacological research led to the discovery of cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors and of endogenous ligands for these receptors, to the development of CB(1)- and CB(2)-selective agonists and antagonists and to the realization that the endogenous cannabinoid system has significant roles in both health and disease, and that drugs which mimic, augment or block the actions of endogenously released cannabinoids must have important therapeutic applications. Some goals for future research are identified.