gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Active Aerodynamic Flow Control (2009)

This paper presents the results of a parametric experimental investigation aimed at optimizing the body force produced by single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators used for aerodynamic flow control. A primary goal of the study is the improvement of actuator authority for flow control applications at higher Reynolds number than previously possible. The study examines the effects of dielectric material and thickness, applied voltage amplitude and frequency, voltage waveform, exposed electrode geometry, covered electrode width, and multiple actuator arrays. The metric used to evaluate the performance of the actuator in each case is the measured actuator-induced thrust which is proportional to the total body force. It is demonstrated that actuators constructed with thick dielectric material of low dielectric constant produce a body force that is an order of magnitude larger than that obtained by the Kapton-based actuators used in many previous plasma flow control studies. These actuators allow operation at much higher applied voltages without the formation of discrete streamers which lead to body force saturation.
A new methodology for non-contact accurate crack width measurement through photogrammetry for automated structural safety evaluation (2013)

In mechanical, aerospace and civil structures, cracks are important defects that can cause catastrophes if neglected. Visual inspection is currently the predominant method for crack assessment. This approach is tedious, labor-intensive, subjective and highly qualitative. An inexpensive alternative to current monitoring methods is to use a robotic system that could perform autonomous crack detection and quantification. To reach this goal, several image-based crack detection approaches have been developed; however, the crack thickness quantification, which is an essential element for a reliable structural condition assessment, has not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, a new contact-less crack quantification methodology, based on computer vision and image processing concepts, is introduced and evaluated against a crack quantification approach which was previously developed by the authors. The proposed approach in this study utilizes depth perception to quantify crack thickness and, as opposed to most previous studies, needs no scale attachment to the region under inspection, which makes this approach ideal for incorporation with autonomous or semi-autonomous mobile inspection systems. Validation tests are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, and the results show that the new proposed approach outperforms the previously developed one.
Demonstration of entangled-photon ellipsometry (2003)

We report on experimental demonstration of entangled-photon quantum ellipsometry using semiconductor samples.
Interleaving Channel Estimation and Limited Feedback for Point-to-Point Systems with a Large Number of Transmit Antennas (2018)

We introduce and investigate the opportunities of multi-antenna communication schemes whose training and feedback stages are interleaved and mutually interacting. Specifically, unlike the traditional schemes where the transmitter first trains all of its antennas at once and then receives a single feedback message, we consider a scenario where the transmitter instead trains its antennas one by one and receives feedback information immediately after training each one of its antennas. The feedback message may ask the transmitter to train another antenna; or, it may terminate the feedback/training phase and provide the quantized codeword (e.g., a beamforming vector) to be utilized for data transmission. As a specific application, we consider a multiple-input single-output system with $t$ transmit antennas, a short-term power constraint $P$, and target data rate $ρ$. We show that for any $t$, the same outage probability as a system with perfect transmitter and receiver channel state information can be achieved with a feedback rate of $R_1$ bits per channel state and via training $R_2$ transmit antennas on average, where $R_1$ and $R_2$ are independent of $t$, and depend only on $ρ$ and $P$. In addition, we design variable-rate quantizers for channel coefficients to further minimize the feedback rate of our scheme.
P1–411: Characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody specific for a tau autoproteolytic cut site that differentiates between Alzheimer's disease and non‐Alzheimer's specimens (2013)

Tau is a microtubule binding protein that normally functions in axons to maintain microtubule structure but is hyperphosphorylated in AD facilitating its dissociation from microtubules and accumulation in the somatodendritic compartment where it can aggregate (Iqbal et al. 2010). Oligomeric forms of tau appear to be most closely associated with neuronal loss and memory impairment in mouse models of tauopathy (Berger et al. 2007; Yoshiyama et al. 2007). Tau oligomers were also found to accumulate in human AD specimens (Maeda et al. 2006; Patterson et al. 2011; Lasagna-Reeves et al. 2012). Importantly, extracellular tau oligomers have been shown to cause memory impairment and toxicity in mice inhibiting formation of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices and formation of associative fear memory (Fá et al. 2010) and induce neurodegeneration by affecting mitochondrial and synaptic function (Lasagna-Reeves et al. 2012). However, the particular structure and mechanism by which tau oligomers exert their deleterious effects has not been determined. We have found that upon the formation of oligomeric structures tau acquires the additional function of a protease leading to self-cleavage and the ability to cut other proteins. Here, we present initial characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody specific for an end of a tau fragment generated by the autoproteolytic activity of tau oligomers. N-terminal sequencing of autoproteolytic fragments of tau oligomers was performed using mass spectrometry. A cut site was used to generate peptides to produce polyclonal antibodies specific to the cut ends. A rabbit was also chosen for the production of hybridomas to select a clone producing monoclonal antibodies specific for the cut end of a fragment that has tau oligomer protease activity. ELISAs and immunoblots were performed using peptides, recombinant tau and brain specimens for selection and characterization. A hybridoma line showing specificity was selected and monoclonal antibody was purified. Immunoblot analysis of AD and non-AD brain specimens using this antibody showed oligomeric and fragment bands that were specific to the AD specimens. This approach was successful in producing a monoclonal antibody that demonstrates the disease-relevance of a tau oligomer autoproteolytic cut site. This antibody may also have biomarker and immunotherapeutic potential.
Application of Three Axial Offsets Trajectory Method for Load Follow Operation Control in PWRs (2001)

During load follow operation of PWRs, it is required to control the core power distribution and to reduce the amount of cost due to the usage of control devices such as boron adjustment and control rod. Since occurrence of xenon spatial distribution oscillation following the change of the reactor power can cause oscillation in the power distribution, one task in the core power distribution control is to suppress xenon oscillation as effectively as possible. A lot of studies have been done to solve the problem, some of which use complex mathematical treatments. On the other hand, the three axial offsets trajectory method, which uses a simple mathematical treatment based on two points reactor model, has been proved to be effective for xenon oscillation control. In this study, we examined the feasibility of application of the three axial offsets trajectory method in the load follow operation by comparing with conventional strategies such as boron priority control and control rods priority control. In order to increase the effectiveness of control means, we propose a new method that is constructed by considering the superiority of each control strategy.
Solid-Phase Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents using Zirconium-Based Metal Organic Frameworks and the Moisture Effects: Analyze via Digestion (2019)

Zirconium-based metal organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) are highly chemically and thermally stable and have been of particular interest as reactive sorbents for chemical warfare agent (CWA) removal due to their fast and selective reactivity toward CWAs reported in buffer solutions. However, we find that decontamination of neat CWAs directly on Zr-MOFs, UiO-66, UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>, and NU-1000 is rather slow, and the reactivity trend and products generated are very different from those in solution. Furthermore, we show that their decontamination rates are affected by the amount of moisture present in the MOFs. Although the effects are minor for UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> and NU-1000, the hydrolytic activity of UiO-66 toward CWAs dramatically improves as the amount of water present increases. Specifically, the initial hydrolysis rate of methyl paraoxon by UiO-66 increases from 6 μmol/d with 0 wt % water loading to 140 μmol/d with 400 wt % water loading. The results reported here suggest that decontamination of CWAs by Zr-MOFs in solid phase behaves very differently than solution decontamination. Additionally, we present for the first time a digestion method for analyzing and quantifying solid-phase decontamination, which is a daunting challenge itself due to the lack of a convenient analytical method.
Beam-coupled microsphere resonators for high-resolution electric field sensing (2013)

In this paper we present a beam-coupled micro-optical sensor for electric field detection. The main components of the sensor are a microsphere optical resonator and a dielectric micro-beam. The dielectric beam is coupled with the microsphere using two different approaches. In the first approach the beam compresses the sphere causing a shift in its whispering gallery mode (WGM). In the second approach the fine tipped beam perturbs the evanescent field of the sphere thereby causing a shift its WGM. In this approach, electrostriction force exerted by the electric field on the beam induces a change in the gap between sphere and beam perturbing the evanescent field of the sphere. This in turn induces a shift in the whispering gallery modes of the sphere resonator. The material for both the sphere and the beam in the first approach is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The resonator and the beam are made of silica in the second approach. Different beam and sphere sizes are studied to optimize the proposed sensor’s electric field resolution. The optical modes of the sphere are exited using a tapered single mode optical fiber that is coupled to a distributed feedback laser. The transmission spectrum through the fiber is monitored to detect WGM shifts.
Direct Evidence for Single Molybdenum Atoms Incorporated in the Framework of MFI Zeolite Nanocrystals (2019)

Direct evidence of the successful incorporation of atomically dispersed molybdenum (Mo) atoms into the framework of nanosized MFI zeolite is demonstrated for the first time. Homogeneous distribution of Mo with a size of 0.05 nm is observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy high-angle annular dark-field imaging (STEM-HAADF). <sup>31</sup>P magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, using trimethylphosphine oxide (TMPO) and deuterated acetonitrile as probe molecules, reveal a homogeneous distribution of Mo in the framework of MFI nanozeolite, and the presence of Lewis acidity. <sup>31</sup>P MAS NMR using TMPO shows probe molecules interacting with isolated Mo atoms in the framework, and physisorbed probe molecules in the zeolite channels. Moreover, 2D <sup>31</sup>P-<sup>31</sup>P MAS radio frequency-driven recoupling NMR indicates the presence of one type of Mo species in different crystallographic positions in the MFI framework. The substitution of framework Si by Mo significantly reduces the silanol defect content, making the resulting zeolite highly hydrophobic. In addition, the insertion of Mo into the MFI structure induces a symmetry lowering, from orthorhombic ( Pnma), typical of high silica MFI, to monoclinic ( P21/ n), as well as an expansion of unit cell volume. The novel material opens many opportunities of catalysts design for application in mature and emerging fields.
Evolution of fuel cells powered by H2S-containing gases (2008)

The development of the process and electrochemical materials for conversion of H2S in a fuel cell to co-generate electrical power and benign products is outlined. While the thermodynamic basis for the process was clear, it was necessary to perform extensive research into the development of materials as catalysts and electrolytes, and to determine the optimal process and operating conditions. Through the use of composite anode catalysts and compatible new protonic electrolytes that are both chemically and thermally stable in the operating environment, we have achieved good and sustainable power densities. The only products are power, elemental sulfur and steam.
Effect of Glu-143 and His-231 substitutions on the catalytic activity and secretion of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> neutral protease (1989)

On the basis of the homology with the Bacillus thermoproteolyticus zinc endopeptidase thermolysin, we hypothesized that Glu-143 and His-231 are the key residues for the catalytic activity of the Bacillus subtilis neutral protease. To test this possibility by site-directed mutagenesis, we substituted these two residues with Ala, Ser, Trp and Arg, and Leu, Val and Cys respectively. All these substitutions dramatically affected the amount of secreted mutant proteins, as determined by immunological methods, and their catalytic activities. No appreciable secretion was observed with the three Glu mutants Trp, Ser and Arg, whereas the Glu----Ala mutant enzyme was secreted at a level of a few hundred micrograms per litre of culture. The His mutants were all secreted at higher levels (in the order of a few milligrams per litre) and their residual catalytic activity could be determined using Z-Ala-Leu-Ala as substrate. Our results confirm the key role played by Glu-143 and His-231 in catalysis and moreover suggest the existence of a relationship between the catalytic activity of the enzyme and the extent of its secretion. In this context, we present data suggesting an autoproteolytic mechanism of cleavage of the precursor form of the enzyme, analogous to the one previously reported for the B. subtilis subtilisin.
Registration Techniques for Using Imperfect and Par tially Calibrated Devices in Planar Multi-Projector Displays (2007)

Multi-projector displays today are automatically registered, both geometrically and photometrically, using cameras. Existing registration techniques assume pre-calibrated projectors and cameras that are devoid of imperfections such as lens distortion. In practice, however, these devices are usually imperfect and uncalibrated. Registration of each of these devices is often more challenging than the multi-projector display registration itself. To make tiled projection-based displays accessible to a layman user we should allow the use of uncalibrated inexpensive devices that are prone to imperfections. In this paper, we make two important advances in this direction. First, we present a new geometric registration technique that can achieve geometric alignment {\em in the presence of severe projector lens distortion} using a relatively inexpensive low-resolution camera. This is achieved via a closed-form model that relates the projectors to cameras, in planar multi-projector displays, using rational Bezier patches. This enables us to geometrically calibrate a 3000 x 2500 resolution planar multi-projector display made of 3 x 3 array of nine severely distorted projectors using a low resolution (640 x 480) VGA camera. Second, we present a photometric self-calibration technique for a projector-camera pair. This allows us to photometrically calibrate the same display made of nine projectors using a photometrically uncalibrated camera. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that allows geometrically imperfect projectors and photometrically uncalibrated cameras in calibrating multi-projector displays.
Development of 4th Generation SC Superalloys without Re (2005)

Advanced high-temperature strengths in Ni-base single crystal (SC) superalloys have been achieved through the addition of Re in small amounts. However, Re has a strong tendency to form topologically close-packed (TCP) phases that decrease the creep strength, thus, increasing the Re content has undesirable consequences. This effect of Re addition is controlled in 4th generation superalloys where the formation of TCP phases is avoided by the addition of platinum-group metals (PGMs) such as Ru and Ir, and increased creep strengths have been achieved. Furthermore, PGM elements and solution strengthening elements including Re have been added in 5th generation superalloys to achieve superior high temperature strength. However, because Re is an expensive element and longer homogenization time is required for high-Re alloys, the use of this alloying element results in higher material and production cost, and lower productivity. In this paper, a new type of Ni-base single crystal superalloy is proposed. This alloy does not contain Re but still reaches the high temperature capabilities of 4th and 5th generation superalloys, and has the advantages of low material cost and easy heat treatment. 1st generation single crystal superalloys do not contain Re, therefore, these are suitable material to be used as the master alloy for this alloy development. TMS-26, which was developed through High Temperature Materials 21 Project, NIMS, was used as the master alloy and, by the addition of Mo and Ru, a new single crystal superalloy TMS-174 was developed. Mo has the effect of controlling the lattice misfit and solid solution strengthening. Mo also promotes TCP formation, however this is avoided by the addition of Ru. The creep rupture life of TMS-174 at 900°C and 392 MPa was slightly shorter than that of TMS-138, which is a conventional 4th generation single-crystal superalloy with 5 mass%Ru. However, at 1100°C and 137 MPa, creep rupture life of TMS-174 was found to be 18% longer compared to TMS-138. This new alloy development strategy of adding solid solution strengthening elements and PGM elements to form non-Re containing superalloys was demonstrated to be successful. This strategy has the potential for superior alloy developments in the future because of the benefits of cost reduction and attainable material properties that are comparable to 4th and 5th generation superalloys.
Improvement of nanocrystalline diamond film growth process using pulsed Ar/H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>microwave discharges (2004)

For the first time nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films were deposited by the pulsed microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition process starting from an Ar/H2/CH4 gas mixture. Comparisons with continuous mode deposition gave evidence for the improvement in film quality when the microwave power was modulated with a pulse repetition rate in the range 50–1000 Hz. A reduction in grain size and surface roughness, especially at low pulse repetition rate, accompanied by a decrease in soot particle formation was observed. A thermo-chemical plasma model, developed for pulsed Ar/H2/CH4 microwave discharges, provides evidence for the fact that the pulsed mode permits the enhancement of the mole fraction of the C2 dimer assumed to be the growth precursor of NCD. This may be responsible for a high secondary nucleation rate improving the nanostructure of the film in pulsed discharges.
An attenuated total reflectance far-UV spectrometer (2007)

An ultraviolet spectrometer based on attenuated total reflection (ATR) has been developed and tested for liquid water (light and heavy water) in the wavelength range from 140 to 300 nm, which includes the far ultraviolet (FUV) region. One of the principal limitations of FUV transmission spectra is the strong absorption of the solvent itself. High absorptivity of the n --> sigma(*) transition in water molecule has thus far prevented meaningful spectral measurements of aqueous solutions in the wavelength region under 170 nm. Our technique uses the evanescent wave created through total reflection when light is passed through an internal reflection element (IRE) in contact with the sample. Since the evanescent field is used as an optical path length, the method allows spectral measurements favorably comparable with that of transmittance method with a shorter path length than the wavelength of FUV light. In this study, we have designed an original miniature IRE probe made of sapphire that allows detection of the whole n --> sigma(*) transition absorption band of water down to 140 nm. The obtained ATR-FUV spectra closely match calculations based on the Fresnel formula. It is also confirmed that this spectrometer is equally effective for spectral measurements of nonaqueous solvents with significant absorptivities in the FUV region.
Polarization mode dispersion beyond first order (2003)

The phenomena associated with second and higher order polarization-mode dispersion are of interest to designers of high-speed lightwave systems. We describe measurement techniques, theoretical statistical predictions, simulations, and experiments investigating this realm of polarization-mode dispersion.
Deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal display: A new electrooptic mode in ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystals (1989)

Abstract A new electrooptic mode of operation of ferroelectric chiral smectic C liquid crystal displays (LCDs) is proposed and demonstrated. The effect, which is called the deformed helical ferroelectric (DHF) effect, is based on the deformation of the helical structure by weak electric fields. In the unbiased device the smectic layers are arranged in the bookshelf geometry with the helix axis parallel to the electrodes [1]. Systems with a very small pitch (<1 μm) and a large tilt angle are especially well suited for this mode. The key characteristics of DHF-LCDs are: (a) low driving fields (1 Vp-pμm−1 for maximum contrast); (b) grey scale which is approximately linear with the applied electric field; (c) easy alignment even for thick cells using standard wall-aligning methods; and (d) response times at room temperature of 300 μs.
A novel unidirectional circularly polarized antenna (2014)

This paper presents a novel type of unidirectional circularly polarized (CP) antenna. The antenna constructively combines a dipole and a half loop radiator. Theoretical foundation and working principle of the antenna is firstly discussed. A practical design of right-handed circularly polarized antenna with differential feeding is then presented. Measurement results show that the proposed antenna can achieve a 3-dB axial-ratio bandwidth of 24% (from 5.9 to 7.5GHz), which is within its −10-dB differential reflection bandwidth. Meanwhile, the right-handed circularly polarized gain within the axial-ratio bandwidth is up to 7.0 dBi.
Gas Tag Identification of Failed Reactor Assemblies—IV. Analysis Methods (1980)

An examination of tag gas designs for the Fast Flux Test Facility and the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant indicates that an unambiguous identification of an assembly with a breached pin should be possible under normal operating conditions when 1% or less of the tag gas escapes; correction for the background tag gas in the argon cover gas improves the probability of correct identification. The probabilistic method of Schmittroth has been further developed for use in situations in which the escaped tag gas does not permit a unique identification of a failed assembly.