gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On boundary effects in 3-D wavelet video coding (2000)

3-D wavelet-based scalable video coding provides a viable alternative to standard MC-DCT coding. However, many current 3-D wavelet coders experience severe boundary effects across group of picture (GOP) boundaries. This paper proposes a memory efficient transform technique via lifting that effectively computes wavelet transforms of a video sequence continuously on the fly, thus eliminating the boundary effects due to limited length of individual GOPs. Coding results show that the proposed scheme completely eliminates the boundary effects and gives superb video playback quality. 1
Implementation of Feedforward Active Noise Control Techniques for Headphones (2020)

This paper develops active noise control (ANC) system with headphones to reduce recording environmental noise, such as from bus, train and airplane. By applying an additional MEMS microphone to get reference signal at each side of headphones, the proposed ANC headphones apply TMS320C6713 as the computing core to generate the anti-noise signal to destructively interfere the undesired noise. The antinoise signal, which can be integrated with the audio signal, drives the speaker of the commercial headphones to reduce the environmental noise. Experimental results show the presented ANC headphones achieves larger bandwidth of noise reduction than the commercially available headphones.
Erosion Function Apparatus for Scour Rate Predictions (2001)

Scour is the number one cause of bridge failures. Scour in coarse grained soils (sand, gravel) is relatively well known, but scour in fine grained soils (silt, clay) and weak rock is not. In coarse grained soils, scour takes place very rapidly and the scour rate is rarely an issue because one flood is likely to create the maximum scour depth. In fine grained soils, the scour process is much slower; as a result, even after a hundred years, a bridge may not experience the maximum depth of scour. Therefore, in fine grained soils it becomes necessary to predict the rate at which scour takes place. A new apparatus called the EFA (Erosion Function Apparatus; 〈http://tti.tamu.edu/geotech/scour〉) has been built and tested to measure the erosion rate of fine grained soils; the EFA can also be used to measure the erosion rate of coarse grained soils if necessary. The end of a Shelby tube sample from the bridge site is fitted through a tight opening at the bottom of a pipe with a rectangular cross section. Water flows through the pipe and erodes the soil sample, which protrudes 1 mm above the bottom of the pipe. The rate at which the sample erodes is measured, and the shear stress imposed by the water on the soil is calculated. The plot of erosion rate versus shear stress is the result of an EFA test. It indicates the critical shear stress at which erosion starts and the rate of erosion beyond that shear stress. This function can be used to predict the rate of scour at a bridge.
Feedback cancellation in hearing aids using constrained adaptation (2003)

In feedback cancellation in hearing aids, the output of an adaptive filter is subtracted from the microphone signal to cancel the acoustic and mechanical feedback signals picked up by the microphone. The feedback cancellation filter typically adapts the hearing-aid input signal, and signal cancellation and coloration artifacts can occur for a narrowband input. In this paper, two procedures for LMS adaptation with a constraint on the magnitude of the adaptive weight vector are derived. The constraints greatly reduce the probability that the adaptive filter will cancel a narrowband input. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the constrained adaptation.
Native homing endonucleases can target conserved genes in humans and in animal models (2011)

In recent years, both homing endonucleases (HEases) and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) have been engineered and selected for the targeting of desired human loci for gene therapy. However, enzyme engineering is lengthy and expensive and the off-target effect of the manufactured endonucleases is difficult to predict. Moreover, enzymes selected to cleave a human DNA locus may not cleave the homologous locus in the genome of animal models because of sequence divergence, thus hampering attempts to assess the in vivo efficacy and safety of any engineered enzyme prior to its application in human trials. Here, we show that naturally occurring HEases can be found, that cleave desirable human targets. Some of these enzymes are also shown to cleave the homologous sequence in the genome of animal models. In addition, the distribution of off-target effects may be more predictable for native HEases. Based on our experimental observations, we present the HomeBase algorithm, database and web server that allow a high-throughput computational search and assignment of HEases for the targeting of specific loci in the human and other genomes. We validate experimentally the predicted target specificity of candidate fungal, bacterial and archaeal HEases using cell free, yeast and archaeal assays.
A 2*2 fiber optic switch using chiral liquid crystals (1990)

A nonchemical 2*2 optical switch for fiber optic applications is described. Using a chiral-nematic liquid-crystal cell and switchable nematic liquid-crystal waveplates, the authors measured -26-dB crosstalk between unselected fibers, a fiber-to-fiber insertion losses of 1.4 dB, and switching times under 40 ms with operation at 1318 nm using 62.5/125- mu m multimode fiber. The device features simple construction, low power requirements, and an optical bandwidth suitable for LED or laser sources, and it works equally well with multimode or single-mode fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Platform for the Generation of Site-Specific Antibody–Drug Conjugates That Allows for Selective Reduction of Engineered Cysteines (2020)

Engineering cysteines at specific sites in antibodies to create well-defined ADCs for the treatment of cancer is a promising approach to increase the therapeutic index and helps to streamline the manufacturing process. Here, we report the development of an <i>in silico</i> screening procedure to select for optimal sites in an antibody to which a hydrophobic linker-drug can be conjugated. Sites were identified inside the cavity that is naturally present in the Fab part of the antibody. Conjugating a linker-drug to these sites demonstrated the ability of the antibody to shield the hydrophobic character of the linker-drug while resulting ADCs maintained their cytotoxic potency <i>in vitro</i>. Comparison of site-specific ADCs versus randomly conjugated ADCs in an <i>in vivo</i> xenograft model revealed improved efficacy and exposure. We also report a selective reducing agent that is able to reduce the engineered cysteines while leaving the interchain disulfides in the oxidized state. This enables us to manufacture site-specific ADCs without introducing impurities associated with the conventional reduction/oxidation procedure for site-specific conjugation.
Electrospun Silk Material Systems for Wound Healing (2010)

The functional properties of six distinct electrospun silk material groups were evaluated to assess conformational and biocompatible characteristics related to wound dressings. In a hydrated state, all six silk matrices exhibited absorption, water vapor transmission, oxygen permeation and enzymatic biodegradation suitable for full-thickness wound sites. Employing constrained drying techniques, silk concentration was a determinate factor influencing material structural properties related to the storage and distribution of such wound dressing systems. Subsequently, three electrospun silk models demonstrated ideal biomaterial properties with potential utility for wound dressings.
The synthesis of cylindrically symmetric static magnetic fields in a locally saturated ferromagnet (1975)

A procedure is given that permits an essentially exact synthesis of a cylindrically symmetric static magnetic field in a ferromagnet when the axial field, Hz(r=0,z) is specified over a finite length. The material is assumed to have a uniform magnetization (M) that is everywhere locally saturated. A variety of material shapes and corresponding magnetic pole piece designs is available, any of which will meet the synthesis requirement.A simple modification of the procedure allows the incorporation of magnetic anisotropy that is uniaxial (or at least effectively so).
Understanding the mechanism of retinal detachment-induced photoreceptor apoptosis: neuroprotective treatments for photoreceptor apoptosis (2008)

In retinal detachment and in several other visual disorders, photoreceptor apoptosis represents the major cause of vision loss. The mechanisms underlying photoreceptor apoptosis, however, remain elusive. Here, we review our recent publications on the pathogenesis of retinal detachment-induced photoreceptor apoptosis and discuss the critical role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in mediating photoreceptor apoptosis in an experimental rodent model of retinal detachment. Elevated levels of MCP-1 are found in vitreous samples from patients with retinal detachment. MCP-1 expression is similarly increased in our rodent model after retinal detachment, with MCP-1 expression being detected in Muller glia. Moreover, CD11b-immunopositive macrophages/microglia are recruited into the detached retina. Interestingly, the suppression of MCP-1 with an MCP-1—blocking antibody or through MCP-1 gene deletion, as in MCP-1—deficient mice, significantly reduces macrophage/microglia infiltration and photoreceptor apoptosis. To investigate whether MCP-1 contributes to photoreceptor apoptosis by directly affecting photoreceptors or by indirectly affecting photoreceptors through recruited macrophages/microglia, we examined the effect of MCP-1 on primary retinal mixed cultures and the induction of retinal detachment in Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18)-deficient mice. Our data showed that MCP-1 cytotoxicity toward cultured photoreceptors occurs through resident microglia. Moreover, eliminating macrophage/microglia infiltration in vivo decreases photoreceptor apoptosis after retinal detachment. Thus, retinal detachment induces increased expression of MCP-1 in Müller cells and increased infiltration and activation of macrophages/microglia, resulting in photoreceptor apoptosis. This pathway may be an important therapeutic target for preventing photoreceptor apoptosis in retinal detachment and other central nervous system diseases that share a common etiology.
Magnetic Tweezers Measurement of Single Molecule Torque (2009)

Torsional stress in linear biopolymers such as DNA and chromatin has important consequences for nanoscale biological processes. We have developed a new method to directly measure torque on single molecules. Using a cylindrical magnet, we manipulate a novel probe consisting of a nanorod with a 0.1 microm ferromagnetic segment coupled to a magnetic bead. We achieve controlled introduction of turns into the molecule and precise measurement of torque and molecule extension as a function of the number of turns at low pulling force. We show torque measurement of single DNA molecules and demonstrate for the first time measurements of single chromatin fibers.
Synthesis, structures and hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity of cobalt(III) complexes containing tridentate amine and nitrogen mustard ligands (2000)

Cobalt(III) complexes containing the tridentate nitrogen mustard ligand N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)diethylenetriamine (DCD) and the non-alkylating analogs N,N-diethyldiethylenetriamine (DED) and diethylenetriamine (dien) have been synthesised and the mustard complexes evaluated as potential hypoxia-selective anticancer drugs. The complexes were prepared from the precursor trans-K2[Co(acac)(CO3)(NO2)2]·H2O in a charcoal-catalyzed substitution reaction. Reaction of this precursor with dien·3HCl in water resulted in the isolation of two isomeric products, mer- and s-fac-[Co(dien)(acac)(NO2)]+. Reaction in methanol with DED·3HCl gave one product, mer-[Co(DED)(acac)(NO2)]ClO4, while from the reaction with DCD·3HCl both the tridentate mustard complex mer-[Co(DCD)(acac)(NO2)]ClO4 and, in low yield, a complex containing DCD coordinated in a bidentate fashion, trans-Co(η2-DCD)(acac)(NO2)2, were isolated. The two DCD complexes were characterized by X-ray structure determinations, which confirm the tridentate coordination with a long cobalt–tertiary nitrogen bond distance in the former, and bidentate coordination with the mustard nitrogen as a pendant arm in the latter. The bidentate complex, which contains a free nitrogen mustard, had cytotoxicity similar to that of the free ligand, but cytotoxicity was successfully masked in the tridentate complex, which showed modest hypoxic selectivity (five-fold) in a clonogenic assay.
Scalable Keyword Search on Large RDF Data (2014)

Keyword search is a useful tool for exploring large RDF data sets. Existing techniques either rely on constructing a distance matrix for pruning the search space or building summaries from the RDF graphs for query processing. In this work, we show that existing techniques have serious limitations in dealing with realistic, large RDF data with tens of millions of triples. Furthermore, the existing summarization techniques may lead to incorrect/incomplete results. To address these issues, we propose an effective summarization algorithm to summarize the RDF data. Given a keyword query, the summaries lend significant pruning powers to exploratory keyword search and result in much better efficiency compared to previous works. Unlike existing techniques, our search algorithms always return correct results. Besides, the summaries we built can be updated incrementally and efficiently. Experiments on both benchmark and large real RDF data sets show that our techniques are scalable and efficient.
Spin-Based MOSFET and Its Applications (2011)

We developed a novel spintronic device "Spin-transfer-Torque Switching-MOSFET (STS-MOSFET)" which offers non-volatile memory and transistor functions that are CMOS compatible and have high endurance and a fast write time. STS-MOSFETs with Heusler alloy (Co2FeAl0.5Si0.5) were prepared and reconfigurability of the novel spintronics-based STS-MOSFET was successfully realized in the transport properties. The transistor properties such as drain current as a function of drain voltage, sub-threshold and carrier mobility properties are not hindered by ferromagnet/tunnel source/drain electrodes. The device showed clear magnetocurrent (MC) and write characteristics with the endurance of over 105 cycles. Moreover, the area and speed of million-gate spin field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are numerically benchmarked with CMOS FPGA for 22, 32, and 45 nm technologies including a 20% transistor size variation. We showed that the performance of spin FPGA becomes superior to that of conventional CMOS FPGA as transistor size decreases and MC ratio increases. The overall properties of the STS-MOSFETs show great potentialities for future reconfigurable integrated circuits based on CMOS technology.
A Unified Approach to Analyze Vibration of Axisymmetric Rotating Structures with Flexible Stationary Parts (2005)

This paper demonstrates a unified approach to analyze linear vibration of rotating machines with arbitrary geometry and complexity. In this formulation, the rotating machine consists of three components: a rotating part (rotor), a stationary part (stator or housing), and multiple bearings. The rotor is assumed axisymmetric and spinning at constant speed. Moreover, the rotor and the housing have arbitrary geometry and complexity. The bearings connecting the rotor and housing could be rolling-element bearings or hydrodynamic bearings. The paper consists of three major sections: mathematical modeling, integration with finite element analysis (FEA), and experimental verification. For the mathematical modeling, a stationary rotor with free boundary conditions is first discretized to obtain its normal vibration modes and modal parameters. In the meantime, the housing with its actual boundary conditions (but no bearings) is also discretized. The discretization can be achieved, for example, through FEA to accommodate arbitrary and complex geometry of the rotor and the housing. Because these vibration modes are complete, modal response of each mode can serve as a generalized coordinate to describe vibration of the actual spinning rotor and housing system. With these generalized coordinates, gyroscopic effects of the spinning rotor can be derived through material derivatives for a ground-based observer. As a result, application of Lagrange equation leads to a set of gyroscopic equations of motion with constant coefficients. These coefficients, however, contain complicated volume integrals of the mode shapes and their spatial derivatives. Therefore, algorithms are developed to calculate these coefficients explicitly from FEA. For the experimental verification, a ball-bearing spindle carrying a cylinder closed at one end is used to validate the mathematical model. Frequency response functions of the spindle/cylinder system are measured for spin speed ranging from 0 to 6000 rpm. Natural frequencies measured from the experiments agree very well with the theoretical predictions from the unified approach up to 2 kHz.
Automatic Extraction of Planetary Image Features (2009)

With the launch of several Lunar missions such as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Chandrayaan-1, a large amount of Lunar images will be acquired and will need to be analyzed. Although many automatic feature extraction methods have been proposed and utilized for Earth remote sensing images, these methods are not always applicable to Lunar data that often present low contrast and uneven illumination characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new method for the extraction of features from the Lunar surface, based on the combination of several image processing techniques, including a watershed segmentation and the generalized Hough Transform. The method has many applications, among which image registration, and can be generalized to other planetary images as well.
On-the-move active millimeter wave interrogation system using a hallway of multiple transmitters and receivers (2014)

A novel interrogation system able to create real time, high resolution radar images for personnel security screening is presented. The system is based on combining multiple mm-wave transmitters and receivers. The images are created as the person being screening continuously moves between two parallel walls containing the transmitters and receivers working in a fully-coherent architecture. To image the entire body surface, for every transmitter, receivers on both walls receive the scattered waves. Representative simulation results showing the feasibility of the system are presented.
Human Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2021)

REGN3048 and REGN3051 in combination were well tolerated. The clinical and preclinical data support further development for the treatment or prophylaxis of MERS-CoV infection.
Genotyping of Salmon Gill Poxvirus Reveals One Main Predominant Lineage in Europe, Featuring Fjord- and Fish Farm-Specific Sub-Lineages (2020)

Salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) can cause serious gill disease in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i> L.) and represents a significant problem to aquaculture industries in Northern Europe. Here, a single-tube multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) genotyping assay, targeting eight VNTR loci, was developed for studying the epizootiology of SGPV. Through MLVA typing of SGPV positive samples from 180 farmed and wild Atlantic salmon in Northern Europe, the first molecular population study of this virus was undertaken. Comparison of resulting MLVA profiles by cluster analysis revealed considerable micro-diversity, while only a limited degree of specific clustering by country of origin could be observed, and no clustering relating to the severity of disease outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis, based on genomic data from six SGPV specimens (three Norwegian, one Scottish, one Faroese and one Canadian), complemented and corroborated MLVA by pointing to a marked transatlantic divide in the species, with one main, relatively conserved, SGPV lineage as predominant in Europe. Within certain fjord systems and individual freshwater salmon smolt farms in Norway, however, discrete MLVA clustering patterns that prevailed over time were observed, likely reflecting local predominance of specific SGPV sub-lineages. MLVA typing was also used to refute two suspected instances of vertical SGPV transmission from salmon broodstock to offspring, and to confirm a failed disinfection attempt in one farm. These novel insights into the previously undocumented population structure of SGPV provide important clues, e.g., regarding the mechanisms underlying spread and recurrence of the virus amongst wild and farmed salmon populations, but so far no indications of more or less virulent SGPV sub-lineages have been found. The MLVA scheme represents a highly sensitive genotyping tool particularly well suited for illuminating SGPV infection routes, and adds to the relatively low number of MLVA protocols that have so far been published for viral species. Typing is reasonably inexpensive, with a moderate technological requirement, and may be completed within a single working day. Resulting MLVA profiles can be readily shared and compared across laboratories, facilitating rapid placement of samples in an international ezpizootiological context.
Development of a Highly Ductile Die Casting Alloy of the Type AlMg <sub>3</sub> (2000)

In this paper the development of an AlMg3 alloy suitable for die casting is presented. The constitution of the alloy will be described with respect to the alloying elements and microscopic structure. Results from casting trials carried out on a 400t Bühler die casting machine are shown. The test parts have wall thickness' from 1 mm to 4 mm. Tests to determine the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking are shown too. The results were discussed with respect to possible applications.
A dual-gate deep-depletion technique for generation lifetime measurement (1980)

A novel, dual-gate deep-depletion effect has been observed in DI/NMOST's (Dielectrically Isolated, n-channel, inversion-mode, MOS transistors). These transistors have a second insulator layer on the bottom, which is electrically accessible by a voltage applied to the semi-insulating polycrystalline silicon substrate, so that the lower insulator forms a second MOS gate. Voltage applied to the lower gate has a transient effect on the upper channel current. This long-time-constant phenomenon ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tau = 25</tex> s) is similar to that occurring in a deep-depletion capacitor in bulk silicon; however, recovery is limited by the establishment of an accumulation layer on the lower side of the DI silicon layer, rather than an inversion layer on the top surface as in bulk silicon. The effect has been analyzed and used to measure generation lifetime ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tau_{G} = 20</tex> µs) in the body of the DI/NMOS transistor. This new measurement technique may be applicable to other technologies; in addition, the dual-gate deep-depletion effect may have several device applications.