gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Protein Targeted Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma (2003)

Metastatic melanoma patients have a dismal prognosis with poor responsiveness to chemotherapy, radiation therapy and current immunotherapy regimens and a median survival of less than six months. Novel therapies directed at melanoma-selective molecular targets are urgently needed. Based on the frequent constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in malignant melanomas and the selective inhibition of MAPK signaling by anthrax lethal factor which proteolytically cleaves MAPK kinases, anthrax lethal toxin may be a useful agent for patients with metastatic melanoma. Anthrax lethal toxin consists of two proteins--protective antigen and lethal factor. These two proteins have been separately produced in good yields and in high purity. The three-dimensional structures of these proteins have been solved, and their molecular mechanisms of cell binding and action determined. Preclinical studies with anthrax lethal toxin show sensitivity of malignant melanoma cell lines in tissue culture and anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma xenograft models. Additional studies to define the maximal tolerated doses and dose-limiting toxicity of anthrax lethal toxin in rodent and primate models should pave the way for phase I studies testing the efficacy of the anthrax lethal toxin in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Plasmodesmal companion cell-mesophyll communication in the control over carbon metabolism and phloem transport: insights gained from viral movement proteins (1996)

Many plant viruses encode for a protein(s) that is essential for movement from the site of replication to surrounding, uninfected cells. These proteins have the ability to interact with endogenous plasmodesmal proteins to increase the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit (SEL). When expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, the movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-MP), in addition to increasing the SEL, also alters the biomass partitioning and carbon allocation within these plants. During the day, source leaves of transgenic plants that express the TMV-MP accumulate sugars and starch and biomass partitioning into root tissue is reduced when compared with vector control plants. However, studies with transgenic tobacco plants expressing various mutant forms of the TMV-MP, as well as plants expressing the MP of cucumber mosaic virus, established that the effect on biomass partitioning and carbon allocation is independent of its effect on plasmodesmal SEL. Graft experiments and analysis of transgenic tobacco and potato plants expressing the TMV-MP under tissue-specific promoters indicated that mesophyll cells may be the site of TMV-MP action. In the light of these results and evidence that plasmodesmata are capable of trafficking macromolecules, it is proposed that plasmodesmata within the leaf establish a special communication network between the companion cells (CC) and the mesophyll. In this model, output signals from the CC to the mesophyll and input signals from the mesophyll to the CC are involved in regulating photosynthesis occurring within the mesophyll and loading/export that takes place in the CC-SE complex. It is proposed that the TMV-MP-mediated influence on plasmodesmal trafficking of these signal molecules alters this endogenous control mechanism resulting in a shift in biomass partitioning and carbon allocation.
Single-mode optical waveguide using siloxane polymer on Cu-polyimide substrate (2002)

A new single mode optical waveguide has been developed to obtain optoelectronic multichip modules. It is fabricated using siloxane polymer and thin film process technology onto a copper polyimide ceramic substrate. The siloxane polymer refractive index is 1.451, very similar to that of SiO/sub 2/. It is revealed that titanium doped siloxane polymer has refractive index of 1.4537 to 1.5949 (at 632.8 nm wavelength) which can be controlled by the TiO/sub 2/ content. The siloxane polymer which contains 2.0 wt% of TiO/sub 2/ has refractive index of 1.4437 at 1550 nm wavelength. Therefore, the siloxane polymer and the TiO/sub 2/ doped siloxane polymer can be used for cladding and core layers respectively, enabling a single mode waveguide. The core size is designed to be 4-8 /spl mu/m wide by 7.0 /spl mu/m thick to obtain a single mode optical waveguide at /spl Delta/n=0.0022.
Deep Joint Depth Estimation and Color Correction From Monocular Underwater Images Based on Unsupervised Adaptation Networks (2019)

Degraded visibility and geometrical distortion typically make the underwater vision more intractable than open air vision, which impedes the development of underwater-related machine vision and robotic perception. Therefore, this paper addresses the problem of joint underwater depth estimation and color correction from monocular underwater images, which aims at enjoying the mutual benefits between these two related tasks from a multi-task perspective. Our core ideas lie in our new deep learning architecture. Due to the lack of effective underwater training data, and the weak generalization to the real-world underwater images trained on synthetic data, we consider the problem from a novel perspective of style-level and feature-level adaptation, and propose an unsupervised adaptation network to deal with the joint learning problem. Specifically, a style adaptation network (SAN) is first proposed to learn a style-level transformation to adapt in-air images to the style of underwater domain. Then, we formulate a task network (TN) to jointly estimate the scene depth and correct the color from a single underwater image by learning domain-invariant representations. The whole framework can be trained end-to-end in an adversarial learning manner. Extensive experiments are conducted under air-to-water domain adaptation settings. We show that the proposed method performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods in both depth estimation and color correction tasks.
Selected P2 purinoceptor modulators prevent glutamate-evoked cytotoxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons (1996)

Primary cultures of granule neurons derived from cerebella of postnatal rats are endowed with Glu receptors. Glu receptor agonists exert a trophic influence on differentiating granule cells but, with maturation, the cells become vulnerable to excitatory amino acids. Here we show that the P2 purinoceptor antagonist basilen blue abolishes in rat cerebellar granule neurons the cytotoxic action of glutamate with an IC50 in the 10-20 microM range. Within the same concentrations, basilen blue inhibits binding of [3H] ATP to cerebellar granule cells, glutamate-evoked release (but not uptake) of [3H] D-aspartate and Ca2+ uptake. Furthermore, the extracellular phosphorylation of a major 45-kDa endogenous ecto-protein substrate of cerebellar granule neurons is inhibited with an IC50 of about 1 microM. Similar effects are elicited by 5-adenylylimidodiphosphate, a P2 purinoceptor agonist, when supplied to the neurons for 8 days previously to the addition of glutamate. Our data point to the use of P2 purinoceptor modulators as novel elements for understanding and controlling glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotoxicity and neurotransmission. We suggest a possible involvement of P2 purinoceptors in these actions.
<title>Recent advances in the NYU autostereoscopic display</title> (2001)

The NYU Media Research Laboratory has developed a single- person, non-invasive, active autostereoscopic display with no mechanically moving parts that provides a realistic stereoscopic image over a large continuous viewing area and range of distance [Perlin]. We believe this to be the first such display in existence. The display uses eye tracking to determine the pitch and placement of a dynamic parallax barrier, but rather than using the even/odd interlace found in other parallax barrier systems, the NYU system uses wide vertical stripes both in the barrier structure and in the interlaced image. The system rapidly cycles through three different positional phases for every frame so that the stripes of the individual phases are not perceived by the user. By this combination of temporal and spatial multiplexing, we are able to deliver full screen resolution to each eye of an observer at any position within an angular volume of 20 degrees horizontally and vertically and over a distance range of 0.3 - 1.5 meters. We include a discussion of recent hardware and software improvements made in the second generation of the display. Hardware improvements have increased contrast, reduced flicker, improved eye tracking, and allowed the incorporation of OpenGL acceleration. Software improvements have increased frame rate, reduced latency and visual artifacts, and improved the robustness and accuracy of calibration. New directions for research are also discussed.
The "ISLANDS" method&amp;#8212;A manufacturable porous silicon SOI technology (1986)

The formation of high-quality, dielectrically isolated single-crystal silicon films permits the fabrication of integrated circuits that exhibit higher tolerance to alpha-induced soft errors, better latch-up immunity, and faster switching speeds resulting from reductions in parasitic capacitances and higher packing densities. Full Isolation by Oxidized Porous Silicon (FIPOS) has long been thought to be a desirable Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology for both material and device reasons, but limitations inherent in the process of forming and oxidizing the porous layer have inhibited its widespread use and have created serious doubts about manufacturability. This paper describes the development and characterization of the Isolation by Self-Limiting Anodization of an N+ Epitaxially Defined Sublayer (ISLANDS)* method. This new technique for dielectrically isolating epitaxial quality silicon films uses a specially formed anodizable structure of N/N+/N- silicon together with computer-controlled processing to provide the flexibility and control needed for implementing porous silicon technology into a manufacturing environment. Data from discrete MOS transistors fabricated in isolated islands is discussed.
Design and testing of planar magnetic micromotors fabricated by deep x ray lithography and electroplating (1993)

The successful design and testing of a three-phase planar integrated magnetic micromotor is presented. Fabrication is based on a modified deep X-ray lithography and electroplating or LIGA process. Maximum rotational speeds of 33,000 rpm are obtained in air with a rotor diameter of 285 {mu}m and do not change when operated in vacuum. Real time rotor response is obtained with an integrated shaft encoder. Long lifetime is evidenced by testing to over 5(10){sup 7} ration cycles without changes in performance. Projected speeds of the present motor configuration are in the vicinity of 100 krpm and are limited by torque ripple. Higher speeds, which are attractive for sensor applications. require constant torque characteristic excitation as is evidenced by ultracentrifuge and gyroscope design. Further understanding of electroplated magnetic material properties will drive these performance improvements.
Synthetic Zippers as an Enabling Tool for Engineering of Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases (2020)

Abstract Non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are the origin of a wide range of natural products, including many clinically used drugs. Engineering of these often giant biosynthetic machineries to produce novel non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) at high titre is an ongoing challenge. Here we describe a strategy to functionally combine NRPS fragments of Gram-negative and -positive origin, synthesising novel peptides at titres up to 290 mg l -1 . Extending from the recently introduced definition of e X change U nits (XUs), we inserted synthetic zippers (SZs) to split single protein NRPSs into up to three independently expressed and translated polypeptide chains. These synthetic type of NRPS (type S) enables easier access to engineering, overcomes cloning limitations, and provides a simple and rapid approach to building peptide libraries via the combination of different NRPS subunits. One Sentence Summary Divide and Conquer: A molecular tool kit to reprogram the biosynthesis of non-ribosomal peptides.
Part length control rod. [PWR] (1977)

A new part length rod is provided which may be used to not only control xenon induced power oscillations but also to contribute to shutdown reactivity when a rapid shutdown of the reactor is required. The part length rod consists of a control rod with three regions. The lower control region is a longer weaker active portion separated from an upper stronger shorter poison section by an intermediate section which is a relative non-absorber of neutrons. The combination of the longer weaker control section with the upper high worth poison section permits the part length rod of this invention to be scrammed into the core, when a reactor shutdown is required but also permits the control rod to be used as a tool to control power distribution in both the axial and radial directions during normal operation. 17 claims, 1 figure.
New bistable liquid-crystal twist cell (1981)

We have shown experimentally that some cholesteric liquid crystals in cells with parallel or skew director orientations at the two surfaces may be made to have two bistable laminar states that can be switched either way by applying temporary electric potentials between the surfaces. Numerical solutions of the Oseen-Frank equations in the laminar case, augmented with cholesteric twist and electric field terms, confirm the bistability. Numerical solutions of the Leslie-Ericksen hydrodynamic equations in the laminar case, similarly augmented, describe the switching mechanism. We have made and operated several such cells.
Dual-chirp Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator (2019)

Optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) have been widely investigated to generate ultra-pure single-frequency microwave signals. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a dual-chirp Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) OEO to generate dual-chip microwave waveforms. In the proposed FDML OEO, a frequency-scanning dual-passband microwave photonics filter based on phase-modulation-to-intensity-modulation conversion using an optical notch filter and two laser diodes is incorporated into the OEO cavity. Fourier domain mode-locking operation is achieved by synchronizing the scanning period of the filter to the cavity round-trip time. Tunable dual-chirp microwave waveforms with a large time-bandwidth product are generated directly from the FDML OEO cavity in the experiment, which can be used in modern radar systems to improve its range-Doppler resolution.
CatSim: a new computer assisted tomography simulation environment (2007)

We present a new simulation environment for X-ray computed tomography, called CatSim. CatSim provides a research platform for GE researchers and collaborators to explore new reconstruction algorithms, CT architectures, and X-ray source or detector technologies. The main requirements for this simulator are accurate physics modeling, low computation times, and geometrical flexibility. CatSim allows simulating complex analytic phantoms, such as the FORBILD phantoms, including boxes, ellipsoids, elliptical cylinders, cones, and cut planes. CatSim incorporates polychromaticity, realistic quantum and electronic noise models, finite focal spot size and shape, finite detector cell size, detector cross-talk, detector lag or afterglow, bowtie filtration, finite detector efficiency, non-linear partial volume, scatter (variance-reduced Monte Carlo), and absorbed dose. We present an overview of CatSim along with a number of validation experiments.
Independent phase modulation for efficient dual‐band 3D imaging (2007)

Certain applications of MRI, such as bilateral breast imaging, require simultaneous imaging of multiple volumes. Although image data can be acquired sequentially, the SNR is often improved if both slabs are excited and imaged together, typically with phase encoding across a volume including both slabs and the space between them. The use of independent phase modulation of multiple slabs eliminates the need to encode empty space between slabs, which can result in a significant time reduction. Each slab is excited with a phase proportional to phase-encode number such that the slab positions in the acquired data are shifted to reduce empty space. With careful consideration this technique is compatible with different pulse sequences (e.g., spin-echo, gradient-echo, RF spoiling, and balanced SSFP (bSSFP)) and acceleration strategies (e.g., partial k-space and parallel imaging). This technique was demonstrated in phantoms and applied to bilateral breast imaging, where scan times were reduced by 20-30%.
Intraperitoneal Injection of a Hairpin RNA–Expressing Plasmid Targeting Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Receptor and uPA Retards Angiogenesis and Inhibits Intracranial Tumor Growth in Nude Mice (2007)

In conclusion, the plasmid-expressed RNAi targeting uPAR and uPA via the i.p. route has potential clinical applications for the treatment of glioma.
A Fine-Grain Dynamically Reconfigurable Architecture Aimed at Reducing the FPGA-ASIC Gaps (2014)

Prior work has shown that due to the overhead incurred in enabling reconfigurability, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) require 21× more silicon area, 3× larger delay, and 10× more dynamic power consumption compared with application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). We have earlier presented a hybrid CMOS/nanotechnology reconfigurable architecture (NATURE). It uses the concept of temporal logic folding and fine-grain (i.e., cycle-level) dynamic reconfiguration to increase logic density by an order of magnitude. Since logic folding reduces area usage significantly, on-chip communications tend to become localized. To take full advantage of this fact, we propose a new architecture, called fine-grain dynamically reconfigurable (FDR), that consists of an array of homogeneous reconfigurable logic elements (LEs). Each LE can be arbitrarily configured into a lookup table (LUT) or interconnect or a combination of both. This significantly enhances the flexibility of allocating hardware resources between LUTs and interconnects based on application needs. The proposed FDR architecture eliminates most of the long-distance and global wires, which occupy most of the area in conventional FPGAs. Fine-grain dynamic reconfiguration is enabled by local embedded static RAM blocks. The experiments show that, on an average, area, delay, and power are improved by 9.14×, 1.11×, and 1.45×, compared with a conventional FPGA architecture that does not use the concept of logic folding. Compared with NATURE with deep logic folding, area, delay, and power are improved by 2.12×, 3.28×, and 1.74×, respectively. Although this does not eliminate the FPGA-ASIC area/delay/power gaps, it makes progress toward bridging these gaps.
Development of low anchoring strength liquid crystal mixtures for bistable nematic displays (2006)

The recent Bistable Nematic (BiNem<sup>(R)</sup>) LCD technology presents long term bistability, high level passive matrix multiplexing and high optical quality. The BiNem device, based on anchoring breaking, needs specific low anchoring strength materials - alignment layers and liquid crystal mixtures. We present here our approach to develop nematic mixtures with wide enough temperature range and low zenithal anchoring energy.
Capture of Organic Vapors Using Adsorption and Electrothermal Regeneration (2004)

Activated-carbon-fiber cloth (ACFC) is an alternative adsorbent to granular activated carbon (GAC) for removing and recovering organic vapors from gas streams. Electrothermal desorption (ED) of ACFC provides rapid regeneration while requiring less energy compared to traditional regeneration techniques used with GAC. This paper provides proof-of-concept results from a bench-scale ACFC adsorption system. The automated system captured 1,000 ppmv of hazardous air pollutants/volatile organic compounds (HAPs/VOCs) from air streams and demonstrated the use of ED, using ac voltage, to recover the HAP/VOC as a pure liquid. The desorbed HAP/VOC condensed onto the inner walls of the adsorber and was collected at the bottom of the vessel, without the use of ancillary cooling. Seventy percent of the HAP/VOC was collected per cycle as condensate, with the balance being retained in the regenerated adsorber or recycled to the second adsorber. ED with in-vessel condensation results in minimal N2 consumption and short regeneration cycle times allowing the process to be cost competitive with conventional GAC-based adsorption processes. This technology extends the application of carbon adsorption systems to situations that were previously economically and physically impractical.
Effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation on microbial protein synthesis, enzyme activity and attachment to feed in the Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) (2001)

The effects of an exogenous enzyme preparation, the application method and feed type on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis were investigated using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Steam-rolled barley grain and chopped alfalfa hay were sprayed with water (control, C), an enzyme preparation with a predominant xylanase activity (EF), or autoclaved enzyme (AEF) 24 h prior to feeding, or the enzyme was supplied in the buffer infused into the Rusitec (EI). Microbial N incorporation was measured using (15NH4)2SO4 in the buffer. Spent feed bags were pummelled mechanically in buffer to segregate the feed particle-associated (FPA) and feed particle-bound (FPB) bacterial fractions. Enzymes applied to feed reduced neutral-detergent fibre content, and increased the concentration of reducing sugars in barley grain, but not alfalfa hay. Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria were more numerous with EF than with C. Disappearance of DM from barley grain was higher with EF than with C, but alfalfa was unaffected by EF. Treatment EF increased incorporation of 15N into FPA and FPB fractions at 24 and 48 h. In contrast, AEF reduced the 24 h values, relative to C; AEF and C were similar at 48 h. Infused enzyme (EI) did not affect 15N incorporation. Xylanase activity in effluent was increased by EF and EI, compared to C, but not by AEF. Xylanase activity in FPA was higher at 48 h than at 24 h with all treatments; it was higher with EF than C at 24 and 48 h, but was not altered by AEF or EI. Applying enzymes onto feeds before feeding was more effective than dosing directly into the artificial rumen for increasing ruminal fibrolytic activity.
Intrinsic reoxidation of microwave plasma-nitrided gate dielectrics (2005)

The impact of nitrogen concentration on nitrided gate dielectric scaling has been found to depend on the process conditions used to incorporate nitrogen. For example, the variation in the nitrogen content of gate dielectrics processed at high pressure (&gt;107Pa) has a strong impact on gate leakage current, but not on equivalent oxide thickness. While this effect allows nearly independent control of gate leakage and drive currents of the device, it prevents scaling of the gate dielectric. In contrast, it is found that at low process pressures (&lt;13Pa) the gate dielectric behaves in a more conventional fashion, where both electrical oxide thickness and film leakage change with film nitrogen content. A model is proposed to explain this behavior based on an intrinsic reoxidation process. Chemical bond analysis results are presented to support the proposed model.