gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incomplete and Low Quality Inspection of the Stomach During Upper Endoscopy (2010)

Purpose: Recent reports have shown a surprisingly low protective effect of colonoscopy against colorectal cancer. Upper endoscopy (UE) is the preferred technique to diagnose gastric cancers, but as for colonoscopy, UE is associated with a substantial miss rate for gastric cancers. Aim: To determine completeness and quality of inspection of the stomach during routine UE by measurement of the time of endoscope retroflexion in the stomach and quality of inspection of the peri-esophageal fundus. Methods: All endoscopies performed in 8 endoscopy rooms at Mayo Clinic Rochester were automatically captured as part of a prospective, periodic assessment of quality and stored as de-identified, digital video files during a random week in the fall of 2009. Endoscopists were aware of the existence of the capturing system. UE video files were selected and analyzed for (1) time spent on retroflexion of the endoscope in the stomach and (2) the quality of inspection of the peri-esophageal fundus. Retroflexion time was measured in seconds by recording the first and last video frames showing retroflexion and dividing the difference by the frame rate. Absence/presence of retroflexion was scored as 0 or 1. Retroflexed fundus and esophago-gastric junction inspection was scored for absence/presence of (1) clearness of image, (2) 360 degree view around endoscope shaft and (3) adequate close-up views; each was scored as 0 or 1. For overall quality all scores were combined and categorized as follows: 0=Not Done; 1=Very Poor, 2=Poor, 3=Fair, 4=Good. Results: 96 video files represented UEs; all were of excellent video quality. All files were completely de-identified; therefore the indication for UE was unknown, a potential weakness of the study. Retroflexion was not performed in 4 UEs (4.2%). When performed, retroflexion time ranged from 1 to 127 seconds; excluding 4 outliers with retroflexion times greater than 30 seconds, the mean retroflexion time was 11.7+6.9 (M+SD) seconds. Overall retroflexion quality was Very Poor for 28 (29.2%), Poor for 1 (1%), Fair for 18 (18.8%) and Good for 45 (46.9%). Linear regression of overall retroflexion quality and retroflexion time showed an association that was highly significant (p<0.0001), even after removal of the 4 outlier UEs with retroflexion times greater than 30 seconds. Conclusion: 1. There is a large variation in time and effort spent on retroflexed inspection of the peri-esophageal fundus of the stomach during UE. 2. Incomplete or low quality inspection of the stomach occurs in about a third of UEs. 3. Longer inspection times are associated with higher quality UEs. 4. New methods need to be implemented that guarantee a high quality UE at all times for all patients. Disclosure: Piet C. de Groen, Wallapak Tavanapong, JungHwan Oh, Johnny Wong - Stockholder/Ownership interest: EndoMetric.
Distributed Fibre-optic Temperature Sensing Technique (DTS) for Surveying Underground Gas Storage Facilities (2001)

The temperature distribution inside a storage facility and its variation with time and depth are key parameters for assessing operating conditions. Determining these parameters requires a technique which allows measuring temperature vs. depth and time simultaneously for the full length of a production string with a high depth and temperature resolution and with a high logging rate (30 seconds or 1 minute) over periods of several hours or days. These kind of data cannot be obtained using standard well logging techniques. Fibre-optic temperature sensing meets these requirements and hence opens up new possibilities for detecting and monitoring processes in production wells of storage facilities and producing oil and gas fields. This paper describes the capabilities of the measuring technique, presenting typical results of measurements taken to determine and exact location of leaks in pipe strings and technical installations, assess processes in caverns and aquifers and monitor fluid levels and long-term temperature changes in the overburden of aquifer storage facilities. The experience gained from the investigations shows that these kind of measurements are possible without any redesigns or technical modifications at the well head or inside the string, and without extended disruptions to storage operation. Fibre-optic temperature sensing is a low-cost diagnostic tool and therefore of great benefit when operating and monitoring underground storage facilities. (orig.)
Improved egg crack detection algorithm for modified pressure imaging system (2011)

Shell eggs with microcracks are often undetected during egg grading processes. In the past, a modified pressure imaging system was developed to detect eggs with microcracks without adversely affecting the quality of normal intact eggs. The basic idea of the modified pressure imaging system was to apply a short burst of vacuum within a transparent chamber in order to cause a momentary and forced opening in the egg shell with a crack and thus to utilize the changes in image intensities during this process. The intensity changes from dark to bright in the shell surface were recorded by a highresolution digital camera and processed by an image ratio technique. The performance of the imaging system, however, was sometimes compromised by false readings due to motion of intact eggs relative to the camera. The uneven movement of the lid hinged on the chamber was considered as the main cause of motion errors. In this paper, a machine vision technique to compensate the motion errors was developed to reduce the false detection readings caused by motion of intact eggs. The developed motion compensation algorithm is based on motion estimation of individual eggs.
Correlated Studies of a Recombinant Influenza-Virus Vaccine. II. Definition of Antigenicity in Experimental Animals (1971)

The present experiments were designed to assess the immunogenic properties of an inactivated influenza-virus vaccine made from a recombinant virus (X-31) that possesses the surface antigens of Aichi virus and the growth capacity in eggs of A0/PR8 virus. Antibody response in mice and rabbits was tested by assay for titers of hemagglutination inhibition, plaque inhibition, plaque-size reduction, and neuraminidase inhibition following immunization with graded doses of the recombinant vaccine and a standard Aichi virus vaccine of equivalent antigenic content, as determined by the chick-cell-agglutination test. The X-31 vaccine was slightly more effective in eliciting antibody to hemagglutinin in both rabbits and mice and was also more effective than Aichi vaccine in increasing the resistance of mice to the initiation of infection with Aichi virus. Similar titers of antibody to neuraminidase were elicited by the two vaccines, and both were more potent in stimulating antibody to hemagglutinin than to neuraminidase. The results indicate that the recombinant vaccine was at least as effective as a standard vaccine in its immunogenic properties. In addition, the results of these experiments raise questions regarding the accuracy of the chick-cell-agglutination test as a method for assaying immunogenic potency.
Picosecond Optical Time Domain Reflectometer for Optoelectronic IC Device Characterisation (1994)

Several years ago Stegeman and Normandin predicted, and subsequently demonstrated [1], the nonlinear mixing of oppositely propagating guided waves. The resultant second harmonic field was coupled to radiation modes and propagated in a direction perpendicular to the waveguide surface, in the case of equal fundamental frequencies. Its application to picosecond signal processing [2], the creation of all optical transient digitizers [3] and spectrometers [4] demonstrated the potential usefulness of this approach. Finally, the nonlinear cross section for uniform GaAs optical waveguides was calculated and published [5], and recently this GaAs prediction was verified [6] by Vakhsoori et al. In their geometry, the oppositely propagating beam was supplied by the reflection from the exit surface. Their use of picosecond pulses also demonstrated the potential for optical correlation in a geometry similar to references 2 and 3. However, the use of simple GaAs films results in low conversion efficiencies, due to difficult input coupling and absorption and phase cancellation effects at the harmonic wavelength.
The Effect of Alloying Elements on Microstructure and Strength Property of Dual Two-Phase Intermetallic Alloys Based on Ni<sub>3</sub>Al-Ni<sub>3</sub>V Pseudo-Binary Alloy System (2010)

The microstructures and hardness property of dual two-phase intermetallic alloys that arecomposed of various kind of volume fractions of geometrically closed packed (GCP) Ni3Al(L12) and Ni3V(D022) phases were studied. The hardness of dual two-phase intermetallic alloys basically was explained by mixture rule in hardness between primary Ni3Al precipitates and eutectoid region.Nb and Ti addition raised the hardness of dual two-phase intermetallic alloys by solid solute hardening in the constituent phases.The additional hardening arising from interfacial area between primary Ni3Al precipitates and eutectoid region was also found. As temperature increases, theadditional hardening decreased for the base and Nb added alloys but decreased little for the Ti added alloys.
Demonstration of single-shot digital holography using a Bayesian framework (2017)

In this paper, we present experimental results for image reconstruction, with isoplanatic phase-error correction, from single-shot digital holography data. We demonstrate the utility of using a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm to jointly compute the maximum a posteriori estimates of the phase errors and the real-valued object reflectance function. Specifically, we show that the MBIR algorithm is robust to noise and phase errors over a range of conditions.
Carbon Nanotube Strain Sensor Based Hemoretractometer for Blood Coagulation Testing (2018)

Coagulation monitoring is essential for perioperative care and thrombosis treatment. However, existing assays for coagulation monitoring have limitations such as a large footprint and complex setup. In this work, we developed a miniaturized device for point-of-care blood coagulation testing by measuring dynamic clot retraction force development during blood clotting. In this device, a blood drop was localized between a protrusion and a flexible force-sensing beam to measure clot retraction force. The beam was featured with micropillar arrays to assist the deposition of carbon nanotube films, which served as a strain sensor to achieve label-free electrical readout of clot retraction force in real time. We characterized mechanical and electrical properties of the force-sensing beam and optimized its design. We further demonstrated that this blood coagulation monitoring device could obtain results that were consistent with those using an imaging method and that the device was capable of differentiating blood samples with different coagulation profiles. Owing to its low fabrication cost, small size, and low consumption of blood samples, the blood coagulation testing device using carbon nanotube strain sensors holds great potential as a point-of-care tool for future coagulation monitoring.
Green nanotechnology from tea: phytochemicals in tea as building blocks for production of biocompatible gold nanoparticles (2009)

Phytochemicals occluded in tea have been extensively used as dietary supplements and as natural pharmaceuticals in the treatment of various diseases including human cancer. Results on the reduction capabilities of phytochemicals present in tea to reduce gold salts to the corresponding gold nanoparticles are presented in this paper. The phytochemicals present in tea serve the dual roles as effective reducing agents to reduce gold and also as stabilizers to provide robust coating on the gold nanoparticles in a single step. The Tea-generated gold nanoparticles (T-AuNPs), have demonstrated remarkable in vitro stability in various buffers including saline, histidine, HSA, and cysteine solutions. T-AuNPs with phytochemical coatings have shown significant affinity toward prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. Results on the cellular internalization of T-AuNPs through endocytosis into the PC-3 and MCF-7 cells are presented. The generation of T-AuNPs follows all principles of green chemistry and have been found to be non toxic as assessed through MTT assays. No 'man made' chemicals, other than gold salts, are used in this true biogenic green nanotechnological process thus paving excellent opportunities for their applications in molecular imaging and therapy.
Courier: A Collaborative Phone-Based File Exchange System (2008)

While people often carry mobile phones for communication purposes, they are generally underutilized as productivity tools, especially in the workplace. In this paper we present Courier, a system that leverages the storage capacity and communication capabilities of the mobile phone to facilitate the viewing and exchange of PC-based documents when users are away from their desks. We describe a formative evaluation of Courier‟s use in a collaborative meeting setting and report on the results. While participants were enthusiastic about Courier overall, our study also highlighted usability issues that will require further refinement, such as users‟ concerns with privacy, reliability and speed.
Bacterial Synthesis of Recombinant α-Human Atrial Natriuretic Polypeptide (1987)

The high-level synthesis of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide hormone in Escherichia coli has been achieved based on the idea that the yield of a small, basic and unstable polypeptide, such as the natriuretic polypeptide, would be improved by fusion with an appropriate protective polypeptide to construct a neutral fused polypeptide. We prepared an expression vector, pCLaHtrp3t, coding a neutral polypeptide containing 130 amino acid residues in which the polypeptide hormone was fused to a newly designed protective polypeptide through lysine as an enzymatically cleavable residue. The fused polypeptide was synthesized at the high level of 32% of total cellular proteins and at 4.7 X 10(6) molecules per single cell. It was recovered as cellular insoluble fraction and purified to homogeneity. For the isolation of the peptide hormone from the resultant fused polypeptide, Achromobacter protease I, a lysine-specific endopeptidase was used, because it has sufficient activity even in 8 M urea. The recombinant natriuretic polypeptide was indistinguishable from native alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide as regards amino acid sequence as well as biological activity.
An engineered four-stranded coiled coil substitutes for the tetramerization domain of wild-type p53 and alleviates transdominant inhibition by tumor-derived p53 mutants. (1996)

The tetramerization domain of p53 is required for efficient tumor suppressor activity. This domain, however, also allows wild-type p53 to heterooligomerize with dominant negative tumor-derived p53 mutants. We explored the feasibility of substituting the native tetramerization domain of wild-type p53 with an engineered leucine zipper that assembles as a four-stranded coiled coil. The engineered zipper drove p53 tetramerization in vitro and p53 function in vivo. Furthermore, it alleviated transdominant inhibition by tumor-derived p53 mutants, implying that dominant negative mutants act by hetero-oligomerizing with wild-type p53. The ability of the engineered zipper to drive tetramerization was critical for p53 function, since p53 dimers, formed by substituting the p53 tetramerization domain with a native leucine zipper, were weak tumor suppressors.
Therapeutic Vaccine against <i>Streptococcus sobrinus</i>-induced Caries (2004)

Streptococcus sobrinus produces a virulence-associated immunomodulatory protein (VIP) which suppresses the host-specific immune response and induces the early production of IL-10. In this study, we evaluated the effects of therapeutic immunization with this VIP on the incidence of caries in S. sobrinus-infected rats. Groups of Wistar rats were orally infected with S. sobrinus and fed with sucrose-sweetened drinking water ad libitum. Five days later, rats were immunized intranasally with active or heat-inactivated VIP plus alum as adjuvant or PBS plus adjuvant (sham-immunized). After 3 wks, all rats were re-immunized as above. Evaluation of dental caries showed that VIP-immunized animals had significantly fewer enamel sulcal and proximal caries lesions than did the sham-immunized animals (p < 0.001). The protective effects following therapeutic VIP immunization were attributed to the induced salivary immunoglobulin A specific to the VIP. These results offer a promising and safe strategy for the development of a vaccine against dental caries.
A Potent and Effective Suicidal<i>Listeria</i>Vaccine Platform (2019)

Live-attenuated <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> has shown encouraging potential as an immunotherapy platform in preclinical and clinical settings. However, additional safety measures will enable application across malignant and infectious diseases. Here, we describe a new vaccine platform, termed Lm-RIID (<i>L. monocytogenes</i> recombinase-induced intracellular death), that induces the deletion of genes required for bacterial viability yet maintains potent T cell responses to encoded antigens. Lm-RIID grows normally in broth but commits suicide inside host cells by inducing Cre recombinase and deleting essential genes flanked by <i>loxP</i> sites, resulting in a self-limiting infection even in immunocompromised mice. Lm-RIID vaccination of mice induces potent CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and protects against virulent challenges, similar to live <i>L. monocytogenes</i> vaccines. When combined with α-PD-1, Lm-RIID is as effective as live-attenuated <i>L. monocytogenes</i> in a therapeutic tumor model. This impressive efficacy, together with the increased clearance rate, makes Lm-RIID ideal for prophylactic immunization against diseases that require T cells for protection.
A novel Compton scatter camera design for in-vivo medical imaging of radiopharmaceuticals (2002)

A Compton scatter camera design is proposed for imaging radioisotopes used as biotracers. A clinical version may increase sensitivity by a factor of over 100, while maintaining or improving spatial resolution, as compared with existing Anger cameras. This novel approach is based on optimizing the camera design for data acquisition of gamma rays which undergo only one Compton scatter in a low-Z primary detector system followed by total absorption of the Compton scattered photon in a high-Z secondary detector system. By using energy subtraction (/spl Delta/E=E/sub 0/-E/sub SC/), where E/sub 0/, /spl Delta/E, and E/sub SC/ are the energy of the emitted gamma ray, the energy deposited by the initial Compton scatter, and the energy of the Compton scattered photon to determine the amount of energy deposited in the primary system, the requirement of high energy resolution can be placed on the secondary system instead of the primary system. Requiring primary system high energy resolution has significantly limited previous Compton scatter camera designs for medical imaging applications. The proposed approach allows for close-packing of the primary detectors and a much less complicated detector cooling scheme. Analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulation results for different detector materials and geometries are presented.
All-optical OR gate using cross gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifier (2006)

The reported speed of logic OR with the cascaded SOAs was limited by 2.5 Gbit/s because of relatively slow recovery time. In this paper, an all-optical OR logic gate has been for the first time proposed at 10 Gbit/s by using the XGM of single SOA.
Design of a manufacturable discrete track recording medium (2005)

The potential benefits of patterning discrete tracks onto a disk for magnetic data storage have long been investigated. A practical process for manufacturing a cost-effective discrete track recording (DTR) medium has prevented such a disk from being introduced into a product. In this paper, a process utilizing nano-imprint lithography techniques to create a land and groove structure on the surface of a disk substrate will be described. Design considerations for the geometry of the structure, as well as of the magnetic write and read widths of the head, are discussed. Data showing the magnetic characteristics and recording performance of a DTR medium are also presented.
A high-rate frequency shift keying demodulator chip for wireless biomedical implants (2003)

A high-rate frequency shift keying (FSK) data transfer protocol and demodulator circuit has been developed with a data-rate to carrier-frequency ratio up to 67%. Its primary application is in the wireless biomedical implants in need of data transfer rates above 1 Mbps. The demodulator circuit extracts the serial data bit stream and a constant-frequency clock from an FSK carrier signal in the 2/spl sim/20 MHz range, which is used to power the implant through inductive coupling. The chip occupies 0.41 mm/sup 2/ in the AMI 1.5 /spl mu/m 2M/2P standard CMOS process and has a simulated data-rate of up to 2 Mbps and a measured rate of 200 Kbps while consuming less than 0.5 mW.
An Electrostatic Voltage Sensor Using Surface Acoustic Waves (1981)

A compact electrostatic voltage sensor has been developed using a delay line type SAW oscillator. An additional collecting electrode is settled on a surface of a piezoelectric substrate between input and output interdigital transducers. The electrostatic voltage applied to the collecting electrode is detected by a frequency change of the SAW oscillator. Piezoelectric ceramics with d =-42×10 -12 C / N are used for making the SAW oscillator. The sensitivity achieved is 0.64 Hz/V at oscillation frequency of 23 MHz.
Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A as a Novel Target for Prostate Cancer (2011)

Collectively, these results suggest that NPRA promotes PCa development in part by regulating MIF. Our findings also suggest that NPRA is a potential prognostic marker and a target for PCa therapy.
An Sram-Based Accelerator for Solving Partial Differential Equations (2019)

Accurate numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) require high-precision fine-grid Jacobi iterations that are demanding in both computation and memory. To reduce the precision and memory, we reformulate the multi-grid Jacobi method in a residual form to enable the mapping of a high-precision PDE solver on SRAMs that perform low-precision parallel multiply-accumulates (MAC) in memory, reducing both energy and area. To improve performance, we employ a DLL to generate well-controlled unit pulses for driving word lines and a dual-ramp single-slope ADC to convert bit line outputs. The design is prototyped in a 1.87mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 180nm test chip made of four 320×64 MAC-SRAMs, each supporting 128× parallel 5b×5b MACs with 32 5b output ADCs and consuming 16.6mW at 200MHz. The test chip is demonstrated to reach an error tolerance of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> in solving PDEs at 56.9GOPS.
A Monoclonal Antibody to O-Acetyl-GD2 Ganglioside and Not to GD2 Shows Potent Anti-Tumor Activity without Peripheral Nervous System Cross-Reactivity (2011)

Development of therapeutic antibodies specific to OAcGD2 may offer treatment options with reduced adverse side effects, thereby allowing dose escalation of antibodies.