gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption with Efficient Revocation (2014)

Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is getting popular for its fine-grained access control in cloud computing. However, dynamic user or attribute revocation is a challenge in original ABE schemes. To address this issue, a new cipher text-policy ABE scheme with efficient revocation is proposed. In the new scheme, the master key is randomly divided into generating the secret key and delegation key, which are sent to the user and the cloud service provider, respectively. In our proposed scheme, the authority removes user's attribute without affecting other users' access privileges with this attribute. Finally, the scheme is proven selectively-structure chosen plaintext attack secure under the decisional q-Parallel Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent (q-PBDHE) assumption. Compared with some existing schemes, our scheme has the lower storage overhead and communication cost.
Emulsion-based adjuvants for influenza vaccines (2009)

The ongoing epizootic of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza and its direct transmissibility and high pathogenicity in humans has led to renewed interest in the development of influenza vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity. Influenza vaccines are currently under development against influenza strains that are potentially pandemic threats, such as H5N1, as well as against the current seasonal influenza strains for use in populations susceptible to severe influenza disease. Influenza vaccines may be generally divided into two types: seasonal vaccines for use in a population that is largely primed to subtypes of the circulating influenza A strains and pandemic influenza vaccines that are designed to protect against influenza A viruses of a hemagglutinin (HA) subtype, to which the vast majority of the population is immunologically naive. Pandemic influenza vaccines can be further subdivided into prepandemic vaccines produced for use prior to or just after the declaration of a pandemic, and pandemic influenza vaccines that would be produced and used only after a pandemic is declared. Prepandemic influenza vaccines are formulated using HA and neuraminidase, which are likely to be antigenically similar to the influenza virus subtype deemed to pose the most probable pandemic threat. Enhanced vaccine immunogenicity is desirable for pandemic influenza vaccines and for seasonal vaccines used in target populations, such as the elderly, in which vaccine responses against the circulating influenza subtypes may be weak. Various methods to enhance the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines are under evaluation. Along with dose escalation and alternative delivery routes, strategies for improving the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines have focused on the use of immunologic adjuvants. An adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine, Fluad, has been licensed in some countries in Europe since 1997 for the elderly population, and a number of clinical trials have been completed or are in progress evaluating the use of adjuvants with pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines. This review will focus on the use of emulsion-based adjuvants for enhancing the immunogenicity of pandemic influenza vaccines and of seasonal influenza vaccines in target populations.
Triclosan: environmental exposure, toxicity and mechanisms of action (2010)

Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol; TCS] is a broad spectrum antibacterial agent used in personal care, veterinary, industrial and household products. TCS is commonly detected in aquatic ecosystems, as it is only partially removed during the wastewater treatment process. Sorption, biodegradation and photolytic degradation mitigate the availability of TCS to aquatic biota; however the by-products such as methyltriclosan and other chlorinated phenols may be more resistant to degradation and have higher toxicity than the parent compound. The continuous exposure of aquatic organisms to TCS, coupled with its bioaccumulation potential, have led to detectable levels of the antimicrobial in a number of aquatic species. TCS has been also detected in breast milk, urine and plasma, with levels of TCS in the blood correlating with consumer use patterns of the antimicrobial. Mammalian systemic toxicity studies indicate that TCS is neither acutely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, nor a developmental toxicant. Recently, however, concern has been raised over TCS's potential for endocrine disruption, as the antimicrobial has been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis and possibly the reproductive axis. Moreover, there is strong evidence that aquatic species such as algae, invertebrates and certain types of fish are much more sensitive to TCS than mammals. TCS is highly toxic to algae and exerts reproductive and developmental effects in some fish. The potential for endocrine disruption and antibiotic cross-resistance highlights the importance of the judicious use of TCS, whereby the use of TCS should be limited to applications where it has been shown to be effective.
Adaptation and learning for hierarchical intelligent control (1991)

The authors discuss a novel strategy for hierarchical intelligent control. They propose this strategy for a neural-network-based controller to be generalized with the higher level control based on artificial intelligence and to acquire knowledge heuristically. This system comprises two levels: a learning level and an adaptation level. The neural networks are used for both levels. The learning level has a hierarchical structure for recognition and planning, and is used for the strategy of robotic manipulation in conjunction with the knowledge base in order to expand the adaptive range. The recent information from the adaptation level updates the learning level through a long-term learning process. On the other hand, the adaptation is used for the adjustment of the control law to the current status of the dynamic process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bronchoconstriction and Airway Microvascular Leakage in Guinea Pigs Sensitized with Trimellitic Anhydride (1992)

We have developed a guinea pig model of immediate airway responses following intradermal sensitization with free trimellitic anhydride (TMA). Guinea pigs were given an intradermal injection with either 0.1 ml of 0.3% TMA in corn oil (n = 8) or 0.1 ml of corn oil alone (n = 6). A guinea pig serum albumin conjugate of trimellitic anhydride (TMA-GPSA) was prepared with a substitution ratio of 21:1. All sensitized guinea pigs had raised specific serum IgG1 antibodies (ELISA), and IgE antibodies were detected in six of the eight sensitized guinea pigs by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. On Days 21 to 28, guinea pigs were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and ventilated. Evans blue dye (20 mg/ml), an albumin marker, was injected intravenously to quantify airway microvascular leakage (MVL). TMA-GPSA (50 microliters; 1%) in saline was instilled into the trachea. Lung resistance (RL) was measured for 6 min. The guinea pigs were killed, and the lungs were removed. Peak RL (cm H2O/ml x s-1) was significantly increased in sensitized guinea pigs from 0.26 +/- 0.01, mean +/- SEM to 21.3 +/- 6.9 (p < 0.05), compared with nonsensitized guinea pigs. There was a significant increase in Evans blue at all levels of the tracheobronchial tree in sensitized guinea pigs compared with the controls (p < 0.005). The site of MVL was localized to the postcapillary venules as assessed by extravasation of intravascular Monastral blue dye. We conclude that intradermal sensitization of guinea pigs to TMA induces a polyclonal immune response, associated with bronchoconstriction and airway microvascular leakage, when challenged specifically with TMA-GPSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compressing Neural Language Models by Sparse Word Representations (2016)

Neural networks are among the state-ofthe-art techniques for language modeling. Existing neural language models typically map discrete words to distributed, dense vector representations. After information processing of the preceding context words by hidden layers, an output layer estimates the probability of the next word. Such approaches are time-and memory-intensive because of the large numbers of parameters for word embeddings and the output layer. In this paper, we propose to compress neural language models by sparse word representations. In the experiments, the number of parameters in our model increases very slowly with the growth of the vocabulary size, which is almost imperceptible. Moreover, our approach not only reduces the parameter space to a large extent, but also improves the performance in terms of the perplexity measure. 1
Positron emission tomography analysis of metastatic tumor cell trafficking. (1994)

Organ-specific colonization of metastatic tumor cells is regulated through complex interactions of specific adhesion molecules on the tumor cell surface with organ specific microvascular endothelium. The present paper shows the real time tumor cell trafficking under the actual blood flow, which became able to be determined using a new technology, positron emission tomography. This technology would be useful to evaluate the interaction of characteristic tumor cells with various organs in vivo. High and low metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell variants, MTLn3 and MTC, respectively, were labeled with [2-18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose in vitro. The labeled cells preferentially accumulated in the lungs, in which the disposition was more intense for MTLn3 than for MTC cells especially for the first 2-10 min after injection, apparently reflecting the organ specific interaction of metastatic tumor cells which may lead to metastasis. Such a short time change of cell disposition is easily determined in a living animal by this new technique. Furthermore, sialidase treatment of MTLn3 cells suppressed the accumulation of these cells in lungs, suggesting that some sialyl glycoconjugates on the MTLn3 cell surface play an important role in cell adhesion to lung endothelium. Positron emission tomography scanning thus enables the noninvasive study of the interaction of characteristic tumor cells with specific endothelium in a living animal.
Nitroxide-Stimulated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Decomposition by Peroxidases and Pseudoperoxidases (1992)

Nitroxide free radicals interact with Hb/metHb, Mb/metMb and with peroxidases/phenols to induce a catalase-like conversion of H2O2 to O2 (catalatic activity), without being substantially consumed in the process. The mechanism of this reaction is postulated to involve a one-electron oxidation of the nitroxide to the immonium oxene, which then reacts further to release oxygen and the nitroxide. An involvement of the immonium oxene in the reaction mechanism is consistent with ferryl heme reduction by nitroxides and a detection of the reduced nitroxide when the reaction mixture is supplemented with the two-electron reductant sodium borohydride. The nitroxide-induced catalatic activity is completely inhibited when the reaction mixture is supplemented with glutathione. Nitroxides suppress free radical formation by hydroperoxide-activated heme proteins, as inferred from their inhibition of the spin-trapping of glutathionyl radicals. H2O2 decomposition and a suppression of reactive free radical formation by heme proteins appears to be an antioxidant activity of nitroxides, which is distinct from their previously reported superoxide dismutating activity and which may be a factor in their protective action in models of cardiac reperfusion injury.
Accelerating water transport through a charged SWCNT: a molecular dynamics simulation (2013)

The properties of a nanotube, such as the hydrophobicity and charge of the surface, can significantly affect water transport behavior. However, our knowledge of the effects of charge density, dipole orientation, frequency of flipping, and movement behavior on water flow through carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is far from adequate. This study is aimed at gaining insight into the transport of single-file water molecules in a charged carbon nanotube. It was shown that the water chains inside the charged nanotube exhibit bipolar properties. The water dipoles are parallel to the z-axis, and point toward (D-defect) and away from (L-defect) the center of the nanotube for a negatively charged nanotube and a positively charged one, respectively. Compared with a pristine single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), the charged nanotubes, including both positively charged and negatively charged, favor the water-filling process due to electrostatic interactions. According to the dipole distribution in the nanotube, the water dipole only flips in the middle region because of the bipolar nature of water chains. Additionally, flipping of the entire water chain is inhibited, which allows for the enhanced water flux. A negatively charged single-walled carbon nanotube (N-SWCNT) accelerated water transport by tuning the single-file flow from a "hopping" to a "continuous" mode, thus decreasing the energy barrier. The hydrogen bonds between water molecules inside the nanotube are also strengthened in the negatively charged nanotube, favoring water transport. Any distortion of uniformity will lead to additional energy barriers to water flux. Our results provide a comprehensive view of molecular events underpinning the water transport inside a SWCNT, which may be of assistance in creating innovative designs for water nanochannels.
Fiber optic hydrogen sensors: a review (2014)

Hydrogen is one of the next generation energies in the future, which shows promising applications in aerospace and chemical industries. Hydrogen leakage monitoring is very dangerous and important because of its low ignition energy, high combustion efficiency, and smallest molecule. This paper reviews the state-of-art development of the fiber optic hydrogen sensing technology. The main developing trends of fiber optic hydrogen sensors are based on two kinds of hydrogen sensitive materials, i.e. palladium-alloy thin films and Pt-doped WO3 coatings. In this review work, the advantages and disadvantages of these two kinds of sensing technologies will be evaluated.
Possible causes of embrittlement in 12%Cr steels used for fossilfired power stations (1985)

AbstractAbstractThe effect of cooling rate on the embrittlement of a 12 wt-%Cr steel was investigated. It was found that when the cooling rate is not as fast as that produced by a liquid quench, the carbides have a tendency to segregate to the prior austenite grain boundaries. Carbide coarsening occurred after prolonged exposure at the operating temperature of 538°C. The carbides precipitated at the prior grain boundaries or within the acicular martensitic structure were found to act as nucleation sites for microcracks. It was also postulated that the precipitation and segregation of carbides was promoted by applied stresses at high temperatures.MST/59
Morphology and function of exothecal pore-structures in cystoids (1972)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Improving regression testing transparency and efficiency with history-based prioritization – an industrial case study (2011)

Abstract—Background: History based regression testing was proposed as a basis for automating regression test selection, for the purpose of improving transparency and test efficiency, at the function test level in a large scale software development organization. Aim: The study aims at investigating the current manual regression testing process as well as adopting, implementing and evaluating the effect of the proposed method. Method: A case study was launched including: identification of important factors for prioritization and selection of test cases, implementation of the method, and a quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Results: 10 different factors, of which two are history-based, are identified as important for selection. Most of the information needed is available in the test management and error reporting systems while some is embedded in the process. Transparency is increased through a semi-automated method. Our quantitative evaluation indicates a possibility to improve efficiency, while the qualitative evaluation supports the general principles of history-based testing but suggests changes in implementation details.
Algorithms for Efficient Computation of Convolution (2013)

Convolution is an important mathematical tool in both fields of signal and image processing. It is em-ployed in filtering, denoising, edge detection, correlation, compression, deconvolution, simulation, and in many other applications. Although the concept of convolution is not new, the efficient computation of convolution is still an open topic. As the amount of processed data is constantly increasing, there is considerable request for fast manipulation with huge data. Moreover, there is demand for fast algorithms which can exploit computational power of modern parallel architectures. The aim of this chapter is to review the algorithms and approaches for computation of convolution with regards to various properties such as signal and kernel size or kernel separability (when pro-cessing n-dimensional signals). Target architectures include superscalar and parallel processing units (namely CPU, DSP, and GPU), programmable architectures (e.g. FPGA), and distributed systems (such as grids). The structure of the chapter is designed to cover various applications with respect to the signal size, from small to large scales.
Thermographic Inspection of Internal Defects in Steel Structures: Analysis of Signal Processing Techniques in Pulsed Thermography (2020)

This study performed an experimental investigation on pulsed thermography to detect internal defects, the major degradation phenomena in several structures of the secondary systems in nuclear power plants as well as industrial pipelines. The material losses due to wall thinning were simulated by drilling flat-bottomed holes (FBH) on the steel plate. FBH of different sizes in varying depths were considered to evaluate the detection capability of the proposed technique. A short and high energy light pulse was deposited on a sample surface, and an infrared camera was used to analyze the effect of the applied heat flux. The three most established signal processing techniques of thermography, namely thermal signal reconstruction (TSR), pulsed phase thermography (PPT), and principal component thermography (PCT), have been applied to raw thermal images. Then, the performance of each technique was evaluated concerning enhanced defect detectability and signal to noise ratio (SNR). The results revealed that TSR enhanced the defect detectability, detecting the maximum number of defects, PPT provided the highest SNR, especially for the deeper defects, and PCT provided the highest SNR for the shallower defects.
U-GAT-IT: Unsupervised Generative Attentional Networks with Adaptive Layer-Instance Normalization for Image-to-Image Translation (2020)

We propose a novel method for unsupervised image-to-image translation, which incorporates a new attention module and a new learnable normalization function in an end-to-end manner. The attention module guides our model to focus on more important regions distinguishing between source and target domains based on the attention map obtained by the auxiliary classifier. Unlike previous attention-based method which cannot handle the geometric changes between domains, our model can translate both images requiring holistic changes and images requiring large shape changes. Moreover, our new AdaLIN (Adaptive Layer-Instance Normalization) function helps our attention-guided model to flexibly control the amount of change in shape and texture by learned parameters depending on datasets. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method compared to the existing state-of-the-art models with a fixed network architecture and hyper-parameters.
The Role of Constitutional Principles in Protecting International Peace and Security through International, Supranational and National Legal Institutions (2008)

International institutions encourage states to adhere to constitutional principles including commitment to fundamental rights, but rarely allow their own activities to be controlled by the same standards. This dislocation of standards causes problems when international organisations adopt methods which ignore people's fundamental rights. National and supranational bodies must then decide whether to subject their basic constitutional standards to international law, try to inject such standards into international law, or insulate their legal orders against international institutions. The problem is examined here from two perspectives - that of international or supranational institutions and that of national courts - concentrating on the response of the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, and national courts in England and Wales and Bosnia and Herzegovina, to action authorized or required by the United Nations Security Council in resolutions made under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter to preserve international peace and security. It is suggested that the tensions are generating a series of principled and constructive developments at national and supranational levels respecting fundamental constitutional principles, and justifying a hope that international institutions may in due course put in place arrangements that fully respect important constitutional values in their own work.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanoscrolls from Monolayer Graphene (2010)

A simple way of synthesizing carbon nanotube (CNT)/graphene (GN) nanoscroll core/shell nanostructures is demonstrated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The simulations show that GN sheets can fully self-scroll onto CNTs when the CNT radius is larger than a threshold of about 10 A, forming a stable core/shell structure. Increasing the length of the GN sheet results in multilayered carbon nanoscroll (CNS) shells that exhibit a tubular structure similar to that of multiwall CNTs. The distances between the CNT and the GN wall or adjacent GN walls are about 3.4 A. It is found that the van der Waals force plays an important role in the formation of the CNT/GN nanoscroll core/shell-composite nanostructures. However, the chirality of the CNT and the GN sheet does not affect the self-scrolling process, which thus provides a simple way of controlling the chirality and physical properties of the resulting core/shell structure. It is expected that this preparation method of CNT/GN nanoscroll core/shell composites will lead to further development of a broad new class of carbon/carbon core/shell composites with enhanced properties and even introduce new functionalities to composite materials.
Investigation of oxidative stress during fracture healing in the rats (2005)

One of the most damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is lipid peroxidation, the end-product of which is malondialdehyde (MDA). This study was aimed to evaluate erythrocyte MDA levels during fracture healing in rats. Thirty male rats were used and the rats were divided into two groups to serve as controls and tests. Six rats were used as a control group that was not subject to fracture. The remaining 24 rats were divided into four groups and erythrocyte MDA levels were examined on days 5, 10, 20 and 30 post fracture. The right fibulas of rats were broken by manual angulation in the experimental group. The erythrocyte malondialdehyde level was measured in the experimental and control groups. The difference between malondialdehyde levels of control and experimental groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). Oxidative stress clearly increases during fracture healing in rats.