gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RFID-CoA: The RFID tags as certificates of authenticity (2011)

The inadequacy of the traditional, digitally encoded RFID tags in combating counterfeiting prompts us to investigate new hardware-enabled technologies that can complement the remote identification functionality of typical RFIDs in an effective and very low cost way. In this paper, we present RFID-CoA; a system that aims to render typical RFID tags physically unique and hard to near-exactly replicate by complementing them with random 3D scattering structures, which serve as certificates of authenticity (CoA). The unique near-field response, or “fingerprint”, of the CoAs is extracted as a set of S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> curves by our reader prototype, the design and development details of which are discussed. The results of our performance analysis show that the intersection probability of the false positive and false negative error probability curves is inconceivably small (<;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-200</sup> ). The RFID-CoA tag's lifecycle from fabrication site to store is presented, and a strategy to block potential attacks is discussed. Our system bridges the world of RFID with a large array of anti-counterfeiting applications by exploiting “hardware-enabled”, modified-material scattering characteristics in the near-field. Based on our multifaceted analysis, we firmly believe that the demonstrated RFID-CoA technology can prove a valuable tool for the low-cost ubiquitous applicability of RFID technology against counterfeiting.
Photon-Number Resolution Using Superconducting Tapered Nanowire Detector (2020)

We show that a superconducting nanowire with an integrated impedance-matching taper can resolve photon numbers. The taper increases the nanowire detector’s output amplitude and makes it sensitive to the number of single-photon-induced hotspots.
A novel calcium aluminate‐melatonin scaffold enhances bone regeneration within a calvarial defect (2012)

Over 500,000 bone graft or bio-implant procedures are performed annually in the United States. It has been reported that osseous autograft procurement may result in donor site complications and bio-implant allografts have been associated with disease transmission. Ceramic scaffolds are only osteoconductive, limiting their clinical use. The objective of this study was to create a bone filler substitute with regenerating properties similar to natural bone. Therefore, melatonin and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were utilized for their known osteoinductive properties. It was hypothesized that melatonin and/or PRP would enhance the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of calcium aluminate (CA) scaffolds to promote bone regeneration in a model of calvarial defects. The biocompatibility of CA and CA-Mel scaffolds was tested in vitro and in vivo. Data show that CA-Mel scaffolds, in comparison with CA scaffolds, enhanced the adhesion, viability, and proliferation of normal human osteoblasts cells but not that of NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Data also showed that human adult mesenchymal stem cells grown on CA or CA-Mel scaffolds showed a time-dependent induction into osteoblasts over 14days revealed through scanning electron microscopy and by alkaline phosphatase analyses. Implantation of CA-Mel scaffolds into critical size calvarial defects in female, ovariectomized rats showed that the CA-Mel scaffolds were biocompatible, allowed for tissue infiltration, and showed evidence of scaffold biodegradation by 3 and 6months. Bone regeneration, assessed using fluorochrome labeling at 3 and 6months, was greatest in animals implanted with the CA-Mel scaffold. Overall, results from this study show that CA-Mel scaffolds were osteoconductive and osteoinductive.
A label-free cell separation using surface acoustic waves (2011)

We present two-stage microfluidic platform for a continuous label-free cell separation using surface acoustic waves. In the proposed platform, cells are first lined up at the center of the channel by using standing surface acoustic waves without introducing any external sheath flow. After focused at the center of the channel, the cells are then entered to the actual cell separation stage where the larger cell are exposed to more lateral displacement in the channel towards the pressure node due to the acoustic force differences. Consequently, different size cells are separated into multiple collection outlets. The focusing and separation of the cells can be accomplished simultaneously in the present two-stage microfluidic device. The device doesn't require the use of the sheath flow for positioning or aligning of cells. In this study, we demonstrated the separation of two different size particle streams (3 μm and 10 μm) with this microfluidic platform without introducing any external sheath flow.
On-line detection of cholesterol and calcification by catheter based Raman spectroscopy in human atherosclerotic plaque ex vivo (2003)

On-line real time catheter based Raman spectroscopy detects accumulation of cholesterol and calcification in atherosclerotic plaque with high sensitivity and specificity.
Magnetic and fluorescent nanohybrids with surface imprinting silica as a dual-functional sensing platform for ratiometric fluorescence detection of phycoerythrin (2019)

Magnetic and fluorescent nanohybrids with surface imprinting silica were prepared and developed as a dual-functional sensing platform for ratiometric fluorescence detection of phycoerythrin.
Dynamic Distributed Storage for Blockchains (2018)

Blockchain uses the idea of storing transaction data in the form of a distributed ledger wherein each node in the network stores a current copy of the sequence of transactions (ledger) in the form of a hash chain. Storing the entire ledger incurs a high storage cost that grows undesirably large for high transaction rates and large networks. In this work we use secret key sharing, private key encryption, and distributed storage to design a coding scheme such that each node stores only a part of each transaction thereby reducing storage cost to a fraction of the original. When further using dynamic zone allocation, we show the coding scheme can also improve the data integrity.
Freud-1: A Neuronal Calcium-Regulated Repressor of the 5-HT1A Receptor Gene (2003)

Altered regulation of 5-HT1A receptors is implicated in mood disorders such as anxiety and major depression. To provide insight into its transcriptional regulation, we previously identified a novel DNA element [14 bp 5'-repressor element (FRE)] of the 5-HT1A receptor gene that mediates repression in neuronal and non-neuronal cells (Ou et al., 2000). We have now cloned a novel DNA binding protein [five' repressor element under dual repression binding protein-1 (Freud-1)] that binds to FRE to mediate repression of the 5-HT1A receptor or heterologous promoters. Freud-1 is evolutionarily conserved and contains two DM-14 basic repeats, a predicted helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain, and a protein kinase C conserved region 2 (C2)/calcium-dependent lipid binding (CalB) calcium/phospholipid binding domain. An intact CalB domain was required for Freud-1-mediated repression. In serotonergic raphe cells, overexpression of Freud-1 repressed the 5-HT1A promoter and decreased 5-HT1A receptor protein levels, whereas transfection of antisense to Freud-1 derepressed the 5-HT1A gene and increased 5-HT1A receptor protein expression. Calcium-dependent signaling blocked Freud-1-FRE binding and derepressed the 5-HT1A promoter. Treatment with inhibitors of calmodulin or CAM-dependent protein kinase reversed calcium-mediated inhibition of Freud-1. Freud-1 RNA and protein were present in raphe nuclei, hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus, and Freud-1 protein was colocalized with 5-HT1A receptors, suggesting its importance in regulating 5-HT1A receptors in vivo. Thus, Freud-1 represents a novel calcium-regulated repressor that negatively regulates basal 5-HT1A receptor expression in neurons and may play a role in the altered regulation of 5-HT1A receptors associated with anxiety or major depression.
Real-time detection of viable microorganisms by intracellular phototautomerism (2010)

We present a novel fluorescence-based method for viability assessment, which is applicable to all bacteria and eukaryotic cell types tested so far. The RTV method will have a significant impact in many areas of applied microbiology including research on biocidal activity, improvement of preservation strategies and membrane permeation and stability. The assay allows for high-throughput applications and has great potential for rapid monitoring of microbial content in air, liquids or on surfaces.
Training Neural Response Selection for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2019)

Despite their popularity in the chatbot literature, retrieval-based models have had modest impact on task-oriented dialogue systems, with the main obstacle to their application being the low-data regime of most task-oriented dialogue tasks. Inspired by the recent success of pretraining in language modelling, we propose an effective method for deploying response selection in task-oriented dialogue. To train response selection models for task-oriented dialogue tasks, we propose a novel method which: 1) pretrains the response selection model on large general-domain conversational corpora; and then 2) fine-tunes the pretrained model for the target dialogue domain, relying only on the small in-domain dataset to capture the nuances of the given dialogue domain. Our evaluation on six diverse application domains, ranging from e-commerce to banking, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed training method.
FISSION: Flexible interconnection of scalable systems integrated using optical networks for data centers (2013)

We propose a framework called Fission that facilitates good scalability in terms of supporting large number of servers as well as a protocol that allows efficient, low-latency communication within the data-center. The Fission concept combines an optical backplane (using UDWDM - ultra dense wavelength division multiplexing based speedup in conjunction with a series of optical buses) to physically scale the data-center. The Fission framework uses an efficient protocol that is a modification of Carrier Ethernet. The working of the Fission architecture from a systems and a protocol perspective are described. Issues such as scalability, protocol working and support for services within the data-center are discussed. A simulation study validates our design for latency and scalability - two critical aspects of data-center design.
Acoustic Microscopy of Internal Structure of Resistance Spot Welds (2007)

Acoustic microscopy, although relatively new, has many advantages within the industrial quality control process. Its high degree of sensitivity, resolution, and reliability make it ideal for use in resistance spot weld analysis, aiding in visualization of small-scale nugget failures, as well as other defects, at various depths. Acoustic microscopy makes it possible to inspect fine detail of internal structures, providing reliable inspection and characterization of weld joints. Besides weld size measurements, this technique is able to provide high resolution, three-dimensional images of the weld nuggets, revealing possible imperfections within its microstructure that may affect joint quality. The high degree of accuracy allows one to consider the results of acoustic microscopy an authoritative measure of weld size, particularly in the case of high strength steels, dual phase steel, USIBOR steel, etc. Indeed, this technique is effective even when both conventional ultrasound and hammer and chisel methods are not. In this paper, the potential of scanning acoustic microscopy as a means to provide qualitative and quantitative information about the internal microstructure of the resistance spot welds is demonstrated. Thus, acoustic microscopy is shown to be a unique and effective laboratory instrument for the evaluation and calibration of weld quality.
Noise reduction using multi-frame motion estimation, with outlier rejection and trajectory correction (1993)

A novel noise reduction (NR) system, MMOT-NR, is proposed. It consists of a multiframe block-based motion estimator which uses the least trimmed square (LTS) algorithm, a pixel-based trajectory correction unit, an outlier rejection unit, an NR unit, and an NR breakdown detector. Simulation results from HDTV (high-definition television) color images are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vicinal glycol esters from synthesis gas (1981)

J. F. Knifton, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 188 DOI: 10.1039/C39810000188
Acoustic CR Neuromodulation Therapy for Subjective Tonal Tinnitus: A Review of Clinical Outcomes in an Independent Audiology Practice Setting (2015)

Acoustic CR neuromodulation therapy appears to be a practical and promising treatment for subjective tonal tinnitus. However, due to the lack of a control group it is difficult to reach an absolute conclusion regarding to what extent the observed effects are related directly to the acoustic CR neuromodulation therapy. Also, as the observed patient group was made up of paying clients it is unknown as to whether this could have caused any additional placebo like effects to influence the final results.
Branched‐chain ketoacids reduce muscle protein degradation in duchenne muscular dystrophy (1982)

In order to determine whether branched-chain ketoacids can reduce the excessive rate of muscle protein degradation that characterizes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, nine boys affected with the disease were studied in a metabolic ward while receiving meat-free diets. After a three-day equilibration period, excretion rates of 3-methylhistidine and creatinine were measured in two consecutive four-day periods. In the second period, a supplement containing a mixture of ornithine alpha-ketoisocaproate, alpha-ketoisovalerate, and alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate in a proportion of 4:1:1 was administered orally at a dosage of 0.45 gm/kg/day. During treatment with the ketoacids, 3-methylhistidine excretion fell by a small (mean: 14%) but highly significant (P less than 0.01) extent, whether expressed in absolute terms or in relation to creatinine excretion. No adverse effects were noted. We conclude that this mixture of ketoacids acutely reduces muscle protein degradation in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Retrotransposon-Adenovirus Hybrid Vectors: Efficient Delivery and Stable Integration of Transgenes via a Two-Stage Mechanism (2004)

It has long been recognized that the mechanisms mediating retrotransposition might be adapted for genomic integration and long-term expression of foreign genes. In particular, long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), an abundant class of retrotransposons that are the most active mobile genetic elements in the human genome, have been largely ignored as candidates for development as an integrating vector system because there has been no suitable method for efficiently introducing them into target cells. We have recently developed a LINE-based retrotransposon-adenovirus hybrid vector, in which a helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) is utilized as the platform for delivery of a human L1 element and its linked heterologous transgene cassette into the host cell nuclei. While a major drawback to the use of HDAd vectors has been their lack of specific mechanisms to achieve permanent integration into the host genome, the inserted retrotransposon sequences overcome this limitation. The L1-HDAd hybrid thus represents a single vector capable of mediating long-term gene expression by a two-stage mechanism: in the first (adenovirus) stage, the helper-dependent adenovirus serves as a carrier for efficient delivery and transient expression of its encoded L1/transgene cassette, and in the second (retrotransposon) stage, the L1 retro-element and its associated transgene then permanently integrate into the genome of the adenovirus-transduced cells. We propose that this novel retrotransposon-adenovirus hybrid vector system will be useful both as a vehicle for efficient delivery and long-term stable transduction of therapeutic genes, as well as a tool to elucidate aspects of retrotransposon biology that have previously been difficult to study.
Efficient Aziridination of Olefins Catalyzed by Mixed-Valent Dirhodium(II,III) Caprolactamate (2005)

[reaction: see text] A mild, efficient, and selective aziridination of olefins catalyzed by dirhodium(II) caprolactamate [Rh(2)(cap)(4).2CH(3)CN] is described. Use of p-toluenesulfonamide (TsNH(2)), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and potassium carbonate readily affords aziridines in isolated yields of up to 95% under extremely mild conditions with as little as 0.01 mol % Rh(2)(cap)(4). Aziridine formation occurs through Rh(2)(5+)-catalyzed aminobromination and subsequent base-induced ring closure. An X-ray crystal structure of a Rh(2)(5+) halide complex, formed from the reaction between Rh(2)(cap)(4) and N-chlorosuccinimide, has been obtained.
Graphics-to-Haptics: A Tool for Developing Haptic Virtual Environments (2005)

Current haptic application development tools typically require considerable programming efforts in order to make an existing surface-based graphical virtual environment (G-VE) touchable. In this paper we describe a graphics-to-haptics (G/sub 2/H) tool that provides a framework for developing the largest possible haptic virtual environments (H-VE) for stable haptic applications. G/sub 2/H automatically converts a G-VE into a haptic application with no additional programming via a real-time visual software development process of 1) importing G-VEs, 2) setting haptic and visual properties for models, 3) selecting graphics and haptic rendering algorithms, 4) representing the haptic device position in the virtual space, 5) interfacing different haptic devices to the virtual environment, and 6) testing and modify the virtual environment to ensure real-time stability of the created haptic application. The tested H-VE can be used as the foundation for other applications such as surgical simulators [Acosta, E et al., (2004), (2002)].
Production of MHD fluid. [three-stage combustion process with fluidized bed reformer] (1976)

A hot gaseous fluid of low ash content, suitable for use in open-cycle MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) power generation, is produced by means of a three-stage process comprising (1) partial combustion of a fossil fuel to produce a hot gaseous product comprising CO/sub 2/, CO, and H/sub 2/O, (2) reformation of the gaseous product from stage (1) by means of a fluidized char bed, whereby CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O are converted to CO and H/sub 2/, and (3) combustion of CO and H/sub 2/ from stage (2) to produce a low ash-content fluid (flue gas) comprising CO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O and having a temperature of about 4000/sup 0/ to 5000/sup 0/F. 2 claims, 1 figure.
Thermal Spraying of Nanocrystalline Ni Coatings (1998)

The present paper describes the synthesis, characterization, and grain growth behavior of nanocrystalline Ni coatings generated using a novel synthesis approach, namely high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. In the present investigation, the feedstock powders were prepared by mechanical milling in a methanol environment which yielded agglomerates with a flake-shaped geometry and an average grain size of less than 100 nm. The milled powders were then introduced into the HVOF spray system in order to investigate the feasibility of generating a coating with grain sizes in the nanocrystalline range (e.g., <100 nm). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphology of the nanometric particles and the microstructure of the milled powders and the as-sprayed coatings. Transmission electron microscopy analysis performed on cross sections of the coating revealed a mixture of fine nanocrystalline grains and elongated coarse grains.
Fully Secure Functional Encryption: Attribute-Based Encryption and (Hierarchical) Inner Product Encryption. (2010)

In this paper, we present two fully secure functional encryption schemes. Our first result is a fully secure attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme. Previous constructions of ABE were only proven to be selectively secure. We achieve full security by adapting the dual system encryption methodology recently introduced by Waters and previously leveraged to obtain fully secure IBE and HIBE systems. The primary challenge in applying dual system encryption to ABE is the richer structure of keys and ciphertexts. In an IBE or HIBE system, keys and ciphertexts are both associated with the same type of simple object: identities. In an ABE system, keys and ciphertexts are associated with more complex objects: attributes and access formulas. We use a novel information-theoretic argument to adapt the dual system encryption methodology to the more complicated structure of ABE systems. We construct our system in composite order bilinear groups, where the order is a product of three primes. We prove the security of our system from three static assumptions. Our ABE scheme supports arbitrary monotone access formulas. Our second result is a fully secure (attribute-hiding) predicate encryption (PE) scheme
Gamma-ray and fast neutron imager with thermal neutron detection capability for detecting shielded and bare nuclear materials (2015)

We are working on a revolutionary scintillating plastic material in the form of a fused fiber structure. The material has different responses to fast neutrons, gamma rays and thermal neutrons. Energy deposited in 3-D voxels will be recorded using SiPM technology. This material development is directed towards the urgent need for high resolution imaging of both fast fission neutrons and gamma rays, and detection of thermal neutrons. This multi-functionality is driven by the demanding needs to detect various types of special nuclear material (SNM). This unique scintillating material is the basis for an imaging camera capable of performing, for the first time, all three of the above fundamental measurements for passive detection of SNM and RDDs. It does this with increased signal/background by order of magnitude or more. A Nanoptics, Inc. patent application is being submitted for the unique material and structure of the camera.
Synthesis and stability of L-ascorbate 2-sulphate (1974)

L-Ascorbate 2-sulphate (I) has been isolated in 75–80% yield by two methods. In a modified conventional procedure, tertiary amine salts of 5,6-acetal derivatives of L-ascorbic acid were sulphated with an amine–sulphur trioxide complex in a dipolar aprotic solvent. In an alternative procedure, L-ascorbate (II) was sulphated rapidly and almost quantitatively by treatment with trimethylamine–sulphur trioxide in alkali (pH 9·5–10·5) at 70°. L-Ascorbate 2-sulphate (I) was 20 times more stable than L-ascorbate to oxygen (air) in boiling water. In boiling alkali (pH 13·0) it had a half-life of 21 h, whereas in boiling acid (pH 1·0) its half-life was 4·7 min. Loss of sulphate from L-ascorbic acid 2-(hydrgen sulphate)(III) was 1500 times faster in 99% methanol than in water at 50°.