gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiaging and Anxiolytic Effects of Combinatory Formulas Based on Four Medicinal Herbs (2017)

The objective of the present study was to search for medicinal-herb combinations based on Radix <i>Bupleurum chinense</i> DC ("B"), Rhizoma <i>Corydalis yanhusuo</i> WT Wang ("Y"), Caulis <i>Polygonum multiflorum</i> Thunb ("P"), and Flos <i>Albizia julibrissin</i> Durazz ("A") for antiaging, anxiolytic, and sedative effects. Application of the D-galactose induced accelerated-aging model employing male ICR mice showed that oral administration of some combinations of B, Y, P, and A significantly improved spatial memory in Y-maze test and reduced brain levels of tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i> and interleukin-6 based on immunoassays and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, based on the thiobarbituric acid test, and the loss of whiskers, indicating antiaging and antineurodegeneration effects. In addition, some of the combinatory formulas induced anxiolysis measured using the elevated plus-maze test and/or sedative effects measured using the hole-board test. Over the range of dosages examined, all possible combinations of the four herbs were devoid of any significant side effects in the form of altered locomotor activity, decreased muscle coordination, or anterograde amnesia assessed using the photobeam and rotarod and step-through passive avoidance methods, respectively. The results suggest that various combinations of the B, Y, P, and A herbs could be useful as nonsedative, antiaging and/or antineurodegenerative agents, or anxiolytic agents.
Toxin-Specific Antibodies for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile: Current Status and Future Perspectives (2010)

Therapeutic agents targeting bacterial virulence factors are gaining interest as non-antibiotic alternatives for the treatment of infectious diseases. Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive pathogen that produces two primary virulence factors, enterotoxins A and B (TcdA and TcdB), which are responsible for Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) and are targets for CDAD therapy. Antibodies specific for TcdA and TcdB have been shown to effectively treat CDAD and prevent disease relapse in animal models and in humans. This review summarizes the various toxin-specific antibody formats and strategies under development, and discusses future directions for CDAD immunotherapy, including the use of engineered antibody fragments with robust biophysical properties for systemic and oral delivery.
Reconfigurable two-dimensional diffractive phase element with the fractional Talbot effect (1998)

We investigate the technical feasibility of the optical implementation of a four-phase-level diffractive element with two {0, pi}-phase spatial light modulators in a fractional Talbot configuration. The space-bandwidth product of the spatial light modulators is seen as the main theoretical limitation of the proposed approach. We investigate the robustness of technological and geometrical parameters on the diffraction efficiency of the whole system. Ferroelectric liquid-crystal silicon backplane spatial light modulators are chosen because of their high reconfiguration rates and good electro-optics interface. Similarly, we assess the influence of liquid-crystal technical parameters on system performance.
Multiple Levels of Synergistic Collaboration in Termite Lignocellulose Digestion (2011)

In addition to evolving eusocial lifestyles, two equally fascinating aspects of termite biology are their mutualistic relationships with gut symbionts and their use of lignocellulose as a primary nutrition source. Termites are also considered excellent model systems for studying the production of bioethanol and renewable bioenergy from 2nd generation (non-food) feedstocks. While the idea that gut symbionts are the sole contributors to termite lignocellulose digestion has remained popular and compelling, in recent years host contributions to the digestion process have become increasingly apparent. However, the degree to which host and symbiont, and host enzymes, collaborate in lignocellulose digestion remain poorly understood. Also, how digestive enzymes specifically collaborate (i.e., in additive or synergistic ways) is largely unknown. In the present study we undertook translational-genomic studies to gain unprecedented insights into digestion by the lower termite Reticulitermes flavipes and its symbiotic gut flora. We used a combination of native gut tissue preparations and recombinant enzymes derived from the host gut transcriptome to identify synergistic collaborations between host and symbiont, and also among enzymes produced exclusively by the host termite. Our findings provide important new evidence of synergistic collaboration among enzymes in the release of fermentable monosaccharides from wood lignocellulose. These monosaccharides (glucose and pentoses) are highly relevant to 2(nd)-generation bioethanol production. We also show that, although significant digestion capabilities occur in host termite tissues, catalytic tradeoffs exist that apparently favor mutualism with symbiotic lignocellulose-digesting microbes. These findings contribute important new insights towards the development of termite-derived biofuel processing biotechnologies and shed new light on selective forces that likely favored symbiosis and, subsequently, group living in primitive termites and their cockroach ancestors.
Targeting tumor invasion: the roles of MDA-9/Syntenin (2014)

Multiple studies demonstrate the importance of MDA-9/Syntenin in tumor invasion and progression. Through the use of novel drug design approaches, this protein may provide a worthwhile therapeutic target. As many conventional therapies do not address, or even enhance, tumor invasion, an anti-invasive approach would be a worthwhile addition in cancer therapy.
Evaluating the Clinical Accuracy of Two Continuous Glucose Sensors Using Continuous Glucose–Error Grid Analysis (2005)

CG-EGA is a helpful tool for evaluating and comparing the clinical accuracy of CGS systems in different blood glucose ranges. CG-EGA provides accuracy details beyond other methods of evaluation, including correlational analysis and the original EGA.
>P3‐328: Reduction of phosphorylated tau aggregates in TauPS2APP transgenic mice by passive immunotherapy with an anti‐tau/pS422 antibody (2012)

Clearance of abnormally phosphorylated Tau (pTau) may prevent neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. Encouraged by the promising passive immunization approaches that are being developed for beta-amyloid, we wanted to evaluate the potential of passive immunization for removing or preventing the build up of pTau deposits. Molecular properties of a novel anti-Tau/pS422 specific monoclonal antibody, its binding affinity and efficacy for passive pTau immunotherapy are presented. The therapeutic effect on the pTau pathology was assessed by microscopy and ELISA. The anti-Tau/pS422 mab has nanomolar binding affinity against pTau and a high avidity for binding to intraneuronal aggregated pTau as demonstrated on brain slices in transgenic mice and human AD patients. To investigate whether anti-Tau/pS422 antibodies can prevent or reduce pTau aggregation we employed transgenic APPswe PS2N141I x Tau P301L (TauPS2APP) triple transgenic mice which display an amyloid-enhanced Tau pathology. Chronic treatment with anti-Tau/pS422 mab led to a significant decrease in pTau levels in whole-brain extracts compared to vehicle treated animals as determined by ELISA. Quantitative immunhistochemistry revealed a highly significant reduction of pTau in the hippocampus, a region of the brain that in this mouse model is normally particularly affected by pTau deposition. Experiments are currently being undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms whereby passive immunization leads to amelioration of pTau pathology. First results indicate an unprecedented mechanism of action. We have demonstrated that peripherally administered anti-pS422 antibody significantly reduces pTau accumulation in TauPS2APP mice. Our data therefore support further development of pTau-specific MAbs as immunotherapeutics for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. We have demonstrated that peripherally administered anti-Tau/pS422 antibody significantly reduces pTau accumulation in TauPS2APP mice. Our data therefore support further development of pTau-specific MAbs as immunotherapeutics for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.
Inhibitors of Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT). 7. Development of a Series of Substituted N-Phenyl-N'-[(1-phenylcyclopentyl)methyl]ureas with Enhanced Hypocholesterolemic Activity (1994)

We recently described our initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on a series of N-phenyl-N'-aralkyl- and N-phenyl-N'-(1-phenylcycloalkyl)ureas as inhibitors of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). From this series of analogs, compound 1 (PD 129337) was identified as a potent inhibitor of ACAT with an IC50 value of 17 nM. It was also shown to dose-dependently lower plasma cholesterol in cholesterol-fed rats. However, further investigation led to the suggestion that this compound was poorly absorbed, due to a lack of efficacy when administered by gavage in an aqueous vehicle. To overcome this deficiency, we continued our SAR study on this novel series of ACAT inhibitors using an acute in vivo screen in which the compounds are administered to rats in an aqueous, CMC/Tween suspension vehicle. Modification of the N'-phenyl moiety by incorporating functional groups which were amenable to forming salts and/or polar groups to reduce lipophilicity led to the identification of several inhibitors which displayed excellent efficacy employing this protocol. Overall, substitution on the phenyl ring in the ortho, meta, or para positions led to inhibitors with only a slight decrease in potency in vitro compared to the parent unsubstituted compound. Bulkier groups in the para position tended to lower the ACAT inhibitory activity in vitro. Polar groups, such as carboxyl (33,34), lowered in vitro activity significantly, suggesting that polar-ionic interactions are disfavored for the enzyme activity. From this series, compound 28 was evaluated further in secondary in vivo screens. In a chronic cholesterol-fed rat model of hypercholesterolemia, compound 28 dose-dependently reduced nonHDL cholesterol and significantly elevated HDL cholesterol. It showed significantly greater aqueous solubility than the parent compound 1. However, it was shown to cause adrenal toxicity in guinea pigs. This led us to design a series of homologs (44-51) with increased basicity and lower lipophilicity. Some of these compounds were more potent ACAT inhibitors in vitro and demonstrated excellent hypocholesterolemic activity in vivo. Interestingly, compound 45, unlike 28, did not produce adrenal toxicity in guinea pigs and demonstrated excellent lipid-modulating activity in the chronic model of preestablished dyslipidemia in rats.
Alleviation of Multiple Asthmatic Pathologic Features with Orally Available and Subtype Selective GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptor Modulators (2017)

We describe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two novel oral drug candidates for asthma. Phenolic α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>3</sub>γ<sub>2</sub> GABA<sub>A</sub>R selective compound 1 and acidic α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>3</sub>γ<sub>2</sub> selective GABA<sub>A</sub>R positive allosteric modulator compound 2 relaxed airway smooth muscle ex vivo and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. Importantly, compound 2 relaxed acetylcholine contracted human tracheal airway smooth muscle strips. Oral treatment of compounds 1 and 2 decreased eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mice, thus exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, compound 1 reduced the number of lung CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes and directly modulated their transmembrane currents by acting on GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs. Excellent pharmacokinetic properties were observed, including long plasma half-life (up to 15 h), oral availability, and extremely low brain distribution. In conclusion, we report the selective targeting of GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs expressed outside the brain and demonstrate reduction of AHR and airway inflammation with two novel orally available GABA<sub>A</sub>R ligands.
Olefin Metathesis in Compressed Carbon Dioxide (1997)

The product distribution can be controlled by varying the density of the reaction medium when olefin metatheses of acyclic dienes are carried out in supercritical CO2 (scCO2), as shown below. Substrates with NH groups, which are generally not tolerated in conventional solvents, are compatible with Ru-based metathesis catalysts in scCO2. Avoidance of potentially hazardous organic solvents, simple isolation of the products, and the recovery of the catalysts in active form are additional practical advantages associated with using compressed CO2 as reaction medium for ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP).
Phased Diploid Genome Assembly with Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing (2016)

Abstract While genome assembly projects have been successful in a number of haploid or inbred species, one of the current main challenges is assembling non-inbred or rearranged heterozygous genomes. To address this critical need, we introduce the open-source FALCON and FALCON-Unzip algorithms ( https://github.com/PacificBiosciences/FALCON/ ) to assemble Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT ® ) Sequencing data into highly accurate, contiguous, and correctly phased diploid genomes. We demonstrate the quality of this approach by assembling new reference sequences for three heterozygous samples, including an F1 hybrid of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana , the widely cultivated V. vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, and the coral fungus Clavicorona pyxidata that have challenged short-read assembly approaches. The FALCON-based assemblies were substantially more contiguous and complete than alternate short or long-read approaches. The phased diploid assembly enabled the study of haplotype structures and heterozygosities between the homologous chromosomes, including identifying widespread heterozygous structural variations within the coding sequences.
Hepatic Lipase Deficiency Delays Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction, and Cardiac Dysfunction and Extends Lifespan in SR-BI/Apolipoprotein E Double Knockout Mice (2006)

HL-deficiency delays the onset and/or progression of atherosclerosis via a SR-BI-independent mechanism. Extent of occlusive coronary arterial lesions was more closely associated with cardiac dysfunction and lifespan than the amount of aortic root atherosclerosis, suggesting that these occlusions in dKO mice are responsible for ischemia, myocardial infarctions, and premature death.
MicroRNA-155 is induced during the macrophage inflammatory response (2007)

The mammalian inflammatory response to infection involves the induction of several hundred genes, a process that must be carefully regulated to achieve pathogen clearance and prevent the consequences of unregulated expression, such as cancer. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of gene expression regulators that has also been linked to cancer. However, the relationship between inflammation, innate immunity, and miRNA expression is just beginning to be explored. In the present study, we use microarray technology to identify miRNAs induced in primary murine macrophages after exposure to polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid or the cytokine IFN-beta. miR-155 was the only miRNA of those tested that was substantially up-regulated by both stimuli. It also was induced by several Toll-like receptor ligands through myeloid differentiation factor 88- or TRIF-dependent pathways, whereas up-regulation by IFNs was shown to involve TNF-alpha autocrine signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of the kinase JNK blocked induction of miR-155 in response to either polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid or TNF-alpha, suggesting that miR-155-inducing signals use the JNK pathway. Together, these findings characterize miR-155 as a common target of a broad range of inflammatory mediators. Importantly, because miR-155 is known to function as an oncogene, these observations identify a potential link between inflammation and cancer.
Chemiluminescence chemical detection of vapors and device (1995)

A solid phase chemical sensor includes a polymer film which has a chemiluminescent reagent immobilized therein. The polymer film and chemiluminescent reagent are chosen to significantly enhance the selectivity of the sensor to the analyte in the gaseous phase to which the sensor is exposed. The sensor is then positioned so that, when exposed to the gaseous mixture, any chemiluminescence generated will be detected by a photomultiplier tube or other photoelectric device, such as a photodiode. The sensor is particularly useful in the detection of O2, N2H4, SO2, NO2, and halogenated hydrocarbons.
Terahertz detection sensitivity enhancement by incorporating plasmonic gratings in photoconductive detectors (2013)

We present a design of plasmonic photoconductive detectors, which mitigates the low detection sensitivity limitation of conventional photoconductive terahertz detectors. By incorporating plasmonic contact electrode gratings in the photoconductive detector, average carrier transport path length to the contact electrodes is reduced, enhancing photoconductor responsivity significantly. As a proof of concept, comparable conventional and plasmonic photoconductive detector prototypes were fabricated and characterized in the same time-domain terahertz spectroscopy setup. Experimental results show that a 30 fold terahertz detection sensitivity enhancement can be achieved over 0.1 THz to 1.5 THz frequency range by using the presented plasmonic photoconductive detector.
Generation and Analysis of Human T Cell Lines Responsive to Glatiramer Acetate (P5.363) (2018)

To establish a battery of human T cell lines with overall specificity for glatiramer acetate (GA), but differing in fine specificity and function, to test the immunologic bioequivalence of different preparations of GA.
Vacuum Characteristics of Titanium Chamber. (1999)

Surface roughness and vacuum characteristic of pure titanium plates modified by buffing and electrolytic polishing were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermal desorption spectroscopy. Surface roughness of the titanium plates decreases after polishing and a typical value of the surface roughness (Ra) is 12.9 nm at 10 × 10 μm range by AFM. The magnitudes of ion currents due to outgassing such as H2, H2O, N2 and CO2 from the polished titanium plates are smaller than those from the polished stainless steel plates by a factor of 10. The polished titanium is used to prepare a vacuum chamber with O-ring seals. The chamber is pumped down by a turbo molecular pump and the pressure reaches 1.2 × 10-7 Pa after a 78 h baking at 150°C.
Online Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models (2006)

Online handwriting recognition of Arabic script is a difficult problem since it is naturally both cursive and unconstrained. The analysis of Arabic script is further complicated in comparison to Latin script due to obligatory dots/stokes that are placed above or below most letters. This paper introduces a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based system to provide solutions for most of the difficulties inherent in recognizing Arabic script including: letter connectivity, position-dependent letter shaping, and delayed strokes. This is the first HMM-based solution to online Arabic handwriting recognition. We report successful results for writer-dependent and writer-independent word recognition.
Hydrogenated Graphene as a Homoepitaxial Tunnel Barrier for Spin and Charge Transport in Graphene (2015)

We demonstrate that hydrogenated graphene performs as a homoepitaxial tunnel barrier on a graphene charge/spin channel. We examine the tunneling behavior through measuring the IV curves and zero bias resistance. We also fabricate hydrogenated graphene/graphene nonlocal spin valves and measure the spin lifetimes using the Hanle effect, with spintronic nonlocal spin valve operation demonstrated up to room temperature. We show that while hydrogenated graphene indeed allows for spin transport in graphene and has many advantages over oxide tunnel barriers, it does not perform as well as similar fluorinated graphene/graphene devices, possibly due to the presence of magnetic moments in the hydrogenated graphene that act as spin scatterers.
Simulating distribution of emergency relief supplies for disaster response operations (2009)

In the event of disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and terrorism, emergency relief supplies need be distributed to disaster victims in timely manner to protect the health and lives of the victims. We develop a modeling framework for disaster response where the supply chain of relief supplies and distribution operations are simulated, and analytics for the optimal transportation of relief supplies to various POD (Points of Distribution) are tested. Our simulation model of disaster response includes modeling the supply chain of relief supplies, distribution operations at PODs, dynamics of demand, and progression of disaster. Our analytics optimize the dispatch of relief supplies to PODs and cross-leveling among PODs. Their effectiveness is estimated by the simulation model. The model can evaluate a wide range of disaster scenarios, assess existing disaster response plans and policies, and identify better approaches for government agencies and first responders to prepare for and respond to disasters.
Realization of all-optical flip-flop using bistable laser diode with nonlinear directional coupler (2003)

A novel all-optical flip-flop device has been realized based upon a directionally-coupled bistable laser diode. Latchable optical set/reset switching by external control light injection (0 dBm or less) has been demonstrated.
Evaluation of Lacticin 3147 and a Teat Seal Containing This Bacteriocin for Inhibition of Mastitis Pathogens (1998)

Lacticin 3147 is a broad-spectrum bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis DPC3147 which is bactericidal against a range of mastitis-causing streptococci and staphylococci. In this study, both lacticin 3147 and the lantibiotic nisin were separately incorporated into an intramammary teat seal product. The seal containing lacticin 3147 exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity and might form the basis of an improved treatment for the prevention of mastitis in dry cows.
Linolenic Acid Content of Soybean Seed Estimated with 2‐Thiobarbituric Acid Test (1990)

The linolenic acid content in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil generally is determined by gas chromatography (GC). A more rapid method of comparing the linolenic acid content of soybean seed samples would be useful for screening a large number of lines in a soybean breeding program. The objective of this study was to determine if the 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction could be used as a rapid method for determining the relative differences in linolenic acid content of soybean seed samples. Sixty‐eight random F 2 plants from each of two populations were used to compare TBA scores with linolenic acid content as measured by GC. The correlations between TBA score and linolenic acid percentages were 0.71 for Cross 1 and 0.60 for Cross 2. The results indicated that the TBA test cannot be used as a substitute for GC analysis in evaluating soybean samples. However, the TBA test may be a useful method to rapidly eliminate genotypes with excessively high linolenic acid before GC analysis.
The Relation between Genotype and Phenotype in Cystic Fibrosis — Analysis of the Most Common Mutation (ΔF<sub>508</sub>) (1990)

The variable clinical course in patients with cystic fibrosis can be attributed at least in part to specific genotypes at the locus of the cystic fibrosis gene.