gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient distance measure for quantization of LSF and its Karhunen-Loeve transformed parameters (2000)

This paper presents a new distance measure that is based on the spectral sensitivity of the line spectrum frequency parameters (LSFs) and its Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transformed coefficients. It is shown that the proposed distance measure achieves better performance of vector quantization (VQ) compared to other methods in the field of LSF coding. In most cases, the percentage of outliers is reduced when using the new one, compared to the best results of using other conventional weighting functions, The use of this distance as the weighting function of the LSF transformed parameters is also suggested.
Online failure prediction for HPC resources using decentralized clustering (2014)

Ensuring high reliability of large-scale clusters is becoming more critical as the size of these machines continues to grow, since this increases the complexity and amount of interactions between different nodes and thus results in a high failure frequency. For this reason, predicting node failures in order to prevent errors from happening in the first place has become extremely valuable. A common approach for failure prediction is to analyze traces of system events to find correlations between event types or anomalous event patterns and node failures, and to use the types or patterns identified as failure predictors at run-time. However, typical centralized solutions for failure prediction in this manner suffer from high transmission and processing overheads at very large scales. We present a solution to the problem of predicting compute node soft-lockups in large scale clusters by using a decentralized online clustering algorithm (DOC) to detect anomalies in resource usage logs, which have been shown to correlate to particular types of node failures in supercomputer clusters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this system by using the monitoring logs from the Ranger supercomputer at Texas Advanced Computing Center. Experiments shows that this approach can achieve similar accuracy as other related approaches, while maintaining low RAM and bandwidth usage, with a runtime impact to current running applications of less than 2%.
Ethanol processing co-products: economics, impacts, sustainability. (2007)

The US corn-based fuel-ethanol industry is experiencing unprecedented growth. This industry has continually evolved and technological innovations and process changes have been implemented that have improved process efficiencies, but have also affected the resulting co-product streams. As a consequence, new questions, challenges, and opportunities for utilizing these residues have arisen. As the quantity of these materials continues to grow, it is vital that value-added uses for distillers grains continue to be developed.
A Family of Heteroleptic Titanium Guanidinates: Synthesis, Thermolysis, and Surface Reactivity (2010)

A family of new mixed-ligand titanium guanidinate compounds was synthesized as potential atomic layer deposition precursors, and the surface chemistry on silica of a promising candidate (Cp(2)Ti[(N(i)Pr)(2)CN(H)(i)Pr]) was explored. Generally, these compounds have very good thermal stability with onsets of volatility between 127 and 168 degrees C, with melting points generally ranging from 147 to 165 degrees C. The reactivity of [(i)PrN(H)C(N(i)Pr)(2)]TiCp(2) was studied with high surface area silica between 180 and 330 degrees C. The surface reactivity was found to differ if the silica was preheated to 350 or 900 degrees C; this was attributed to the hydroxyl nucleation site density of the silica, which is known to vary with the temperature. The surface reaction products were characterized by solid-state NMR, and these agreed well with a calculated model. When the silica was pretreated to 350 degrees C, the precursor appeared to chemisorb primarily through the loss of a Cp ligand, while with a 900 degrees C pretreatment, the chemisorption occurred primarily through a loss of the guanidinate ligand. The adsorption enthalpies to silica were calculated for the different surface species.
Di(<i>n</i>‐butyl) Phthalate Induces Vimentin Filaments Disruption in Rat Sertoli Cells: A Possible Relation with Spermatogenic Cell Apoptosis (2010)

Phthalate esters have been extensively used as a plasticizer of synthetic polymers. Previous studies have revealed that some phthalate esters including di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) induce spermatogenic cell apoptosis, although its mechanism is not yet clear. The present study describes that disruption of Sertoli cell vimentin filaments by DBP administration may relate to spermatogenic cell apoptosis. The present histopathological study revealed that a single oral administration of 500 mg/kg DBP caused progressive detachment and displacement of spermatogenic cells away from the seminiferous epithelium and sloughing of them into the lumen. Degenerative spermatogenic cells characterized by chromatin condensation were frequently observed in DBP-treated rats. Ultrastructurally, the degenerative spermatogenic cells were separated from their neighbours, and a collapse of Sertoli cell vimentin filaments was recognized in DBP-treated rats. Sertoli cell cultures showed the increased number and size of vacuoles in their cytoplasm. In agreement with the in vivo experiment, vimentin filaments clearly showed a gradual collapse in DBP-exposed Sertoli cells in vitro. These in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate that DBP-induced collapse of Sertoli cell vimentin filaments may lead to detachment of spermatogenic cells, and then detached cells may undergo apoptosis because of loss of the support and nurture provided by Sertoli cells.
A Hybrid Modulation Method for Single-Stage Soft-Switching Inverter Based on Series Resonant Converter (2019)

Pseudo-dc-link inverters are promising due to the single-stage configuration. The inverters can be isolated by high-frequency transformers, which also provide the freedom of step-up/down through winding turns ratio. Conventionally, a pseudo-dc-link inverter is based upon a pulsewidth modulation converter like flyback converter, but the accompanying switching losses can degrade efficiency and overall system performance. Alternatively, resonant converters (e.g., series resonant converter) seem to fit the need as they typically display soft-switching characteristics. However, the relevant research results are scarce because of two main reasons: high resonant current and limited soft-switching range. To overcome the difficulties, a hybrid modulation method is proposed in this article for a pseudo-dc-link inverter based on series resonant converter. In high-line region, the inverter operates with variable-frequency modulation, which leads to zero-voltage switching and relatively low-resonant current. In low-line region, the inverter operates with a short-pulse density modulation so that switching losses are greatly curtailed without excessive resonant current. The merits in both regions together contribute toward the high efficiency of the inverter. This article presents the operational principle of the proposed modulation as well as a comparison with other modulation methods. In addition, a 400 V-230 Vac, 2-kW prototype was built to verify the proposed modulation and the peak efficiency reaches 98.0%.
Establishing Ohmic contacts for<i>in situ</i>current–voltage characteristic measurements on a carbon nanotube inside the scanning electron microscope (2006)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), either on an SiO(2) substrate or suspended above the substrate, were contacted to W, Au and Pt tips using a nanoprobe system, and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics were measured inside a scanning electron microscope. Linear I-V curves were obtained when Ohmic contacts were established to metallic CNTs. Methods for establishing Ohmic contacts on a CNT have been developed using the Joule heating effect when the tips are clean and e-beam exposing the contacting area of the tip when the tips are covered by a very thin contamination layer. When the contact is not good, non-linear I-V curves are obtained even though the CNTs that have been contacted are metallic. The resistance measured from the metal tip-CNT-metal tip system ranges from 14 to 200 k Ω. When the CNT was contacted via with Ohmic contacts the total resistance of the CNT was found to change roughly linearly with the length of the CNTs between the two tips. Field effect measurements were also carried out using a third probe as the gate, and field effects were found on certain CNTs with non-linear I-V characteristics.
Design of asynchronous MSP430 microprocessor using balsa back-end retargeting (2009)

Balsa developed by Advanced Processor Technology (APT) Group of Manchester University presents robust design environment that supports both a framework for synthesizing asynchronous hardware systems and the language for describing such systems. In this paper, a design of microprocessor, MSP430, in balsa language and the functional verification of the controller is presented. Back-end retargeting is performed as a part of the design methodology in balsa. By back-end retargeting procedure, a new technology library including FPGA cell library is incorporated into Balsa design environment. Moreover, the circuit area is analyzed and reduced in different implementation styles by replacing helpercells in balsa into standard cells of the target library.
Toward building highly available and scalable OpenStack clouds (2016)

OpenStack® (the leading open source platform for public and private infrastructure-as-a-service clouds) is composed of a set of loosely coupled and rapidly evolving projects that support a wide set of technologies and configuration options. Deciding how to combine and configure such projects is the determining factor on the overall quality of the cloud, in terms of performance, scalability, and availability. In this paper, we present a methodical framework and empirical analysis to help both cloud providers and users optimize their design and deployment decisions. Cloud providers can rely on this framework to select an appropriate configuration of their cloud for a given service-level agreement. Users developing and running applications on a cloud can better fit virtual resources to their workloads. We demonstrate the power of this framework using several scenarios collected by our CloudBench® tool using application benchmarks running on actual clouds.
Therapeutic Potential of Isoform Selective Hdac Inhibitors for the Treatment of Schizophrenia (2013)

Increasing evidence supports a role for epigenetic involvement in some of the neurobiological alterations observed in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. In particular, there is mounting evidence implicating dysfunction in acetylation status, a chromatin modification mediated in part by HDACs, as a possible contributing factor to certain facets of this debilitating disease. Additional data support the notion that small molecule inhibition of HDACs may provide therapeutic alternatives to treating many of the symptoms associated with schizophrenia, particularly cognitive deficits. However, the development of highly potent and selective inhibitors of the individual HDAC isoforms will be necessary to delineate the associated biological effects and test the feasibility of such an approach for this complex and chronically treated disease. Here, we summarize current evidence for the role of HDAC isoforms in schizophrenia and highlight the state of the art in developing selective inhibitors of these isoforms as a potential treatment for schizophrenia.
Intracranial circulation: pulse-sequence considerations in three-dimensional (volume) MR angiography. (1989)

The technique and feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of intracranial vessels were studied in 35 healthy volunteers. Variations in image orientation, repetition time (TR), and flip angle were evaluated to determine their effects on flow-related enhancement. Gradient modifications--including echo time (TE), motion compensation, bandwidth, and field of view--were also studied in an effort to reduce motion-induced phase shifts. Results indicated that a FISP (fast imaging with steady precession) sequence with a TR of 50 msec, TE of 15 msec, velocity compensation in the read and section-select directions, acceleration compensation in the read direction, anisotropic volume, and a 1.25-mm partition thickness produced three-dimensional angiographic MR images that were accurate and reproducible in the depiction of the major intracranial vessels. Difficulties with field of view, persistent signal void secondary to higher-order motion, and spatial resolution remain major problems requiring additional study.
Velocity modulation in GaAs/Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As impact avalanche transit-time diodes (1992)

Velocity modulation using AlxGa1−xAs layers is, in principle, an attractive way of improving the efficiency of conventional GaAs impact avalanche transit-time (IMPATT) devices. Critical to the concept, however, is a detailed understanding of the nature of high-field electron transport in AlxGa1−xAs. We explore this via Monte Carlo simulations, with particular reference to the behavior found under nonuniform field conditions. Preliminary experimental results are presented for a simple, single-drift IMPATT diode in which the drift region is made entirely from Al0.3Ga0.7As.
The glycerolipid receptor for Helicobacter pylori (and exoenzyme S) is phosphatidylethanolamine (1992)

We have previously shown that Helicobacter pylori specifically binds to a glycerolipid species preferentially found in the antrum of the human stomach. We now show by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis that this species is a form of phosphatidylethanolamine and that H. pylori specifically binds to bona fide phosphatidylethanolamine as detected by a thin-layer chromatogram overlay procedure. Considerable variation in the binding of H. pylori to phosphatidylethanolamine from different sources was observed, however, suggesting the importance of the nature of the long-chain hydrophobic moiety. A similar binding specificity was shown by exoenzyme S from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, consistent with our hypothesis that that an exoenzyme S-like adhesin is responsible for the binding of H. pylori to its lipid receptors.
Interplay between whole-genome doubling and the accumulation of deleterious alterations in cancer evolution (2020)

Whole-genome doubling (WGD) is a prevalent event in cancer, involving a doubling of the entire chromosome complement. However, despite its prevalence and prognostic relevance, the evolutionary selection pressures for WGD in cancer have not been investigated. Here, we combine evolutionary simulations with an analysis of cancer sequencing data to explore WGD during cancer evolution. Simulations suggest that WGD can be selected to mitigate the irreversible, ratchet-like, accumulation of deleterious somatic alterations, provided that they occur at a sufficiently high rate. Consistent with this, we observe an enrichment for WGD in tumor types with extensive loss of heterozygosity, including lung squamous cell carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancers, and we find evidence for negative selection against homozygous loss of essential genes before, but not after, WGD. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of heterozygosity and temporal dissection of mutations can be exploited to identify novel tumor suppressor genes and to obtain a deeper characterization of known cancer genes.
A visual-analytic toolkit for dynamic interaction graphs (2008)

In this article we describe a visual-analytic tool for the interrogation of evolving interaction network data such as those found in social, bibliometric, WWW and biological applications. The tool we have developed incorporates common visualization paradigms such as zooming, coarsening and filtering while naturally integrating information extracted by a previously described event-driven framework for characterizing the evolution of such networks. The visual front-end provides features that are specifically useful in the analysis of interaction networks, capturing the dynamic nature of both individual entities as well as interactions among them. The tool provides the user with the option of selecting multiple views, designed to capture different aspects of the evolving graph from the perspective of a node, a community or a subset of nodes of interest. Standard visual templates and cues are used to highlight critical changes that have occurred during the evolution of the network. A key challenge we address in this work is that of scalability - handling large graphs both in terms of the efficiency of the back-end, and in terms of the efficiency of the visual layout and rendering. Two case studies based on bibliometric and Wikipedia data are presented to demonstrate the utility of the toolkit for visual knowledge discovery.
Fabry‐Pérot Fiber‐Optic Sensors for Physical Parameters Measurement in Challenging Conditions (2009)

Optical fiber sensors have unique advantages and distinctive features that make them very attractive for many applications especially those involving challenging conditions where other traditional electrical sensors usually fail. Among the commercially available optical fiber sensors, the Fabry‐Pérot sensing technology is probably the most versatile and the most interesting one since a relatively low‐cost universal signal conditioner could easily read compatible Fabry Pérot sensors measuring different physical parameters such as strain, temperature, pressure, displacement, or refractive index. This papers details the numerous advantages of this optical sensing technology and also summarizes the operating modes of commercially available signal conditioners and sensors.
Recent Advances in Steamflood Technology (1999)

Abstract Worldwide heavy oil production has undergone phenomenal growth since the first known application of steam in the late 1950s. This growth, especially during the past decade, resulted primarily from technological advances made in the areas of steamflooding that include the process itself, steam generation and distribution, injection and production facilities, and performance prediction. These advances helped increase oil recovery, extend the process application to wider ranges of reservoirs and fluids, and improve the process efficiency (e.g., reduce operating costs). This paper describes some of the more important technological advances made during the past decade.
Secure localization in wireless sensor networks (2005)

Ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years for their broad potential in both military and civilian operations. The proper operations of many WSNs rely on the knowledge of physical sensor locations. However, most existing localization algorithms developed for WSNs are vulnerable to attacks in hostile environments. As a result, adversaries can easily subvert the normal functionalities of location-dependent WSNs by exploiting the weakness of localization algorithms. In this paper, we first present a general secure localization scheme to protect localization from adversarial attacks. We then propose a mobility-assisted secure localization framework for WSNs.
Influencing the Optoelectronic Properties of a Heteroleptic Iridium Complex by Second-Sphere H-Bonding Interactions (2018)

The use of a new second-sphere coordination methodology for emission color tuning of iridium complexes is presented. We demonstrate that a complementary H-bonding guest molecule binding through contiguous triple H-bonding interactions can induce a shift in the emission of the iridium complex from green to blue without the need to alter the ligand structure around the metal center, while simultaneously increasing the photoluminescence quantum yield in solution. The association constant for this host-guest interaction was determined to be K<sub>a</sub> = 4.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> in a solution of 2% dimethyl sulfoxide in chloroform by UV-vis titration analysis and the impact of the hydrogen bonding interaction further probed by photoluminescence, electrochemical, and computational methods. Our findings suggest that directed self-assemblies are an effective approach to influencing emission properties of phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes.
Circadian Variations in Plasma Levels of Hypophyseal, Adrenocortical and Testicular Hormones in Men Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus* (1990)

Alterations in the circadian time structure of the secretion of several hormones were investigated in 13 male patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Seven were asymptomatic (classified CDC II, according to the criteria of the Atlanta Centers for Disease Control), and 6 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (CDC IV). Ten healthy males volunteered as controls. Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEA-S), cortisol, testosterone, ACTH, and beta-endorphin were determined by RIA in blood samples obtained every 4 h from 0830-0830 h the next morning. Data were analyzed both by two-way analysis of variance and the cosinor method. Circadian rhythms were statistically validated for each of the six hormones in each of the three groups of subjects. Compared with the control subjects, mesors (24-h adjusted means) were significantly higher for cortisol and lower for DHEA, DHEA-S, and ACTH (P less than 0.001 for all four hormones) in all HIV-infected patients. Plasma testosterone mesors were similar in controls and CDC II patients, but decreased significantly in the CDC IV patient group (P less than 0.05). Analysis of the circadian rhythms of plasma hormone levels clearly indicated an altered adrenal hormonal state in HIV-infected male patients, even during the asymptomatic period of the infection. For instance, plasma cortisol at 0430 h was more than twice as high in HIV-infected patients as it was in time-qualified controls. Although patients already had elevated plasma cortisol and lowered adrenal androgen levels at this stage, hypogonadism was not observed, as gauged by plasma testosterone concentrations. We speculate that the primary hormonal defect in HIV-infected patients is increased cortisol secretion resulting from circadian-varying stimulation of the adrenal cortex by a factor other than pituitary ACTH. This factor might be a stimulating substance secreted primarily by infected immune cells. Excess cortisol would lower adrenal androgen secretion by shifting adrenal steroid biosynthesis toward glucocorticoids and decreasing pituitary ACTH secretion via a negative feedback mechanism.
Reactivity‐Based One‐Pot Synthesis of the Tumor‐Associated Antigen N3 Minor Octasaccharide for the Development of a Photocleavable DIOS‐MS Sugar Array (2006)

Zuckersüße Synthese: Einfach zugängliche Thioglycoside mit definierten relativen Reaktivitätswerten dienten als Bausteine in einer Eintopfsynthese des tumorassoziierten Kohlenhydrat-N3-Nebenantigens (siehe Formel). Die Zielverbindung wurde für die direkte Charakterisierung durch Laserlicht-gestützte Massenspektrometrie über einen photospaltbaren Linker kovalent an eine poröse Siliciumoberfläche gebunden.