gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized modulation in power electronic converters (2002)

This article reviews analytical results and practical experience with randomized modulation in power electronic converters. After providing a brief overview of power electronics and of relevant switching patterns, the authors present performance specifications for converters (in terms of electromagnetic interference, vibrations and acoustic noise), and classify various randomized switching schemes. They review the most directly related references next, and introduce the mathematical objects of primary interest-averaged autocorrelation and power spectrum. They then list some results for the (simpler) case of stationary modulation and consider in detail the more general case of randomized switching based on Markov chains. Their aim is twofold-to present results important for practice and to establish connections with several areas of applied probability. Finally, they consider the synthesis task for the two cases of randomized modulation, followed by brief conclusions.
High Performance and Bendable Few-Layered InSe Photodetectors with Broad Spectral Response (2014)

Two-dimensional crystals with a wealth of exotic dimensional-dependent properties are promising candidates for next-generation ultrathin and flexible optoelectronic devices. For the first time, we demonstrate that few-layered InSe photodetectors, fabricated on both a rigid SiO2/Si substrate and a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, are capable of conducting broadband photodetection from the visible to near-infrared region (450-785 nm) with high photoresponsivities of up to 12.3 AW(-1) at 450 nm (on SiO2/Si) and 3.9 AW(-1) at 633 nm (on PET). These photoresponsivities are superior to those of other recently reported two-dimensional (2D) crystal-based (graphene, MoS2, GaS, and GaSe) photodetectors. The InSe devices fabricated on rigid SiO2/Si substrates possess a response time of ∼50 ms and exhibit long-term stability in photoswitching. These InSe devices can also operate on a flexible substrate with or without bending and reveal comparable performance to those devices on SiO2/Si. With these excellent optoelectronic merits, we envision that the nanoscale InSe layers will not only find applications in flexible optoelectronics but also act as an active component to configure versatile 2D heterostructure devices.
DEVELOP AND IMPROVE TREATMENT TACTICS FOR ACUTE GANGRENOUS-NECROTIC PARAPROCTITIS (2023)

The results of treatment of 367 patients operated on in the proctology department of the Samarkand State Medical University, clinic No 1 during 2015-2022 are reviewed in the article, among which patients with necrotic forms of the disease amounted to 26 (7.1%) patients. Among them 341 (92.9%) had aerobic etiology of peritoneal tissue lesions. The average age of the patients was 62.1±3.9 years.
Dynamics of the β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic G-Protein Coupled Receptor Revealed by Hydrogen−Deuterium Exchange (2010)

To examine the molecular details of ligand activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), emphasis has been placed on structure determination of these receptors with stabilizing ligands. Here we present the methodology for receptor dynamics characterization of the GPCR human beta(2) adrenergic receptor bound to the inverse agonist carazolol using the technique of amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with mass spectrometry (HDX MS). The HDX MS profile of receptor bound to carazolol is consistent with thermal parameter observations in the crystal structure and provides additional information in highly dynamic regions of the receptor and chemical modifications demonstrating the highly complementary nature of the techniques. After optimization of HDX experimental conditions for this membrane protein, better than 89% sequence coverage was obtained for the receptor. The methodology presented paves the way for future analysis of beta(2)AR bound to pharmacologically distinct ligands as well as analysis of other GPCR family members.
Dendrimeric silanes (1993)

Silane dendrimers have potential for applications such as stable micelles, building blocks for nanotechnology, X‐ray beam scattering and cores for star‐branched polymers. The Figure shows a first generation silane dendrimer in which the unsaturated terminal groups (the starting points for the production of the second generation) can be seen. The synthesis and properties of these species are discussed. magnified image
Electrothermal Annealing (ETA) Method to Enhance the Electrical Performance of Amorphous-Oxide-Semiconductor (AOS) Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) (2016)

An electro-thermal annealing (ETA) method, which uses an electrical pulse of less than 100 ns, was developed to improve the electrical performance of array-level amorphous-oxide-semiconductor (AOS) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The practicality of the ETA method was experimentally demonstrated with transparent amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) TFTs. The overall electrical performance metrics were boosted by the proposed method: up to 205% for the trans-conductance (gm), 158% for the linear current (Ilinear), and 206% for the subthreshold swing (SS). The performance enhancement were interpreted by X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), showing a reduction of oxygen vacancies in a-IGZO after the ETA. Furthermore, by virtue of the extremely short operation time (80 ns) of ETA, which neither provokes a delay of the mandatory TFTs operation such as addressing operation for the display refresh nor demands extra physical treatment, the semipermanent use of displays can be realized.
A multichannel diffuse power estimator for dereverberation in the presence of multiple sources (2015)

Using a recently proposed informed spatial filter, it is possible to effectively and robustly reduce reverberation from speech signals captured in noisy environments using multiple microphones. Late reverberation can be modeled by a diffuse sound field with a time-varying power spectral density (PSD). To attain reverberation reduction using this spatial filter, an accurate estimate of the diffuse sound PSD is required. In this work, a method is proposed to estimate the diffuse sound PSD from a set of reference signals by blocking the direct signal components. By considering multiple plane waves in the signal model to describe the direct sound, the method is suitable in the presence of multiple simultaneously active speakers. The proposed diffuse sound PSD estimator is analyzed and compared to existing estimators. In addition, the performance of the spatial filter computed with the diffuse sound PSD estimate is analyzed using simulated and measured room impulse responses in noisy environments with stationary noise and non-stationary babble noise.
Optimizing sensitivity of the human sperm motility assay for embryo toxicity testing (2000)

The human sperm motility assay was used as a measure of quality control in the IVF laboratory. The effects of albumin supplementation and incubation time on the sensitivity of the human sperm motility assay were investigated. The assay was also compared with mouse embryo development. The human sperm motility assay and mouse embryo development assays were performed on 25 items commonly used in IVF laboratories. Sperm motility assay was conducted after 2, 4, 6, 8, 24 and 48 h incubation intervals under standard embryology conditions. A calculated sperm motility index value <0.75 was used to indicate sperm toxicity. It was found that optimum sensitivity (P < 0.01) of the human sperm motility assay was attained in the absence of albumin after 4, 8 and 48 h incubation periods. Items identified to be sperm toxic within 8 h by the human sperm motility assay were considered to be of clinical significance due to the close concordance of these results with mouse embryo development.
Recommended Guidelines for the Management of Autologous and Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Report from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) (1994)

Bone marrow transplantation now is a common procedure done throughout the world. Cooperative groups have assumed a major role in conducting clinical trials. A standardized approach defining basic standards of care will assure uniformity of management, better interpretation of data, and continued progress in the care of the patient who has had a bone marrow transplantation. Basic research and clinical trials are ongoing to define better methods for the treatment and prevention of graft-versus-host disease and hepatic veno-occlusive disease.
Thrombospondin-2 prevents cardiac injury and dysfunction in viral myocarditis through the activation of regulatory T-cells (2012)

TSP-2 has a protective role against cardiac inflammation, injury, and dysfunction in acute viral myocarditis.
Image-guided radiosurgery for spinal tumors: methods, accuracy and patient intrafraction motion (2008)

Image-guided frameless extracranial radiosurgery has become an established treatment option; however, without a frame to restrict patient movements, intrafraction field mispositioning becomes more probable. The primary aim of this study is to determine the intrafraction motion of spinal radiosurgery patients. This aim was approached in two steps. First, a phantom study demonstrated that the system can detect movements accurately within 0.1 mm and rotational changes within 0.2 degrees. Second, patient positioning and monitoring were carried out for a group of 15 patients with 20 treatment sites. For the patient pool in the study, vertebral anatomy movement was observed to vary as much as 3 mm between sequential measurements and could occur in as little as 5 min. These results suggest a need for intrafraction patient monitoring and correctional shifts, even for patients whose overall treatment times are expected to be relatively short. Small relative rotations with standard deviations of less than 1.5 degrees were observed. The small relative rotational movements observed do not, alone, justify patient monitoring using the image-guidance system during the treatments of generally small radiosurgical targets.
Coexistence of S-Band radar and 4G mobile networks (2014)

Today's wireless network and radar systems are designed to obey a fixed spectrum assignment policy regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The assignment served well in the past, but sparse or medium utilization of some frequencies confronts heavy usage of others. This ineffective spectrum allocation contradicts the dramatically increasing need of bandwidth for security systems like radar or mobile networks and causes the evolution of intelligent radios applying dynamic spectrum access i.e. cognitive radio. To underline the demand of dynamic spectrum allocation, this paper addresses coexistence between S-Band Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar systems and LTE mobiles operating in E-UTRA Band 7. Technical requirements for radar and mobile devices operating close to each other are addressed and coexistence validated by test and measurement performed at a major german airport. It is shown that throughput reduction, increased Block Error Rate (BLER) of these mobile radios and reduction of the probability of detection P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> of security relevant S-Band radar occur in the presence of the other service.
On the origin of power laws in Internet topologies (2000)

Recent empirical studies [6] have shown that Internet topologies exhibit power laws of the form y = x α for the following relationships: (P1) outdegree of node (domain or router) versus rank; (P2) number of nodes versus outdegree; (P3) number of node pairs within a neighborhood versus neighborhood size (in hops); and (P4) eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix versus rank. However, causes for the appearance of such power laws have not been convincingly given. In this paper, we examine four factors in the formation of Internet topologies. These factors are (F1) preferential connectivity of a new node to existing nodes; (F2) incremental growth of the network; (F3) distribution of nodes in space; and (F4) locality of edge connections. In synthetically generated network topologies, we study the relevance of each factor in causing the aforementioned power laws as well as other properties, namely diameter, average path length and clustering coefficient. Different kinds of network topologies are generated: (T1) topologies generated using our parametrized generator, we call BRITE; (T2) random topologies generated using the well-known Waxman model [12]; (T3) Transit-Stub topologies generated using GT-ITM tool [3]; and (T4) regular grid topologies. We observe that some generated topologies may not obey power laws P1 and P2. Thus, the existence of these power laws can be used to validate the accuracy of a given tool in generating representative Internet topologies. Power laws P3 and P4 were observed in nearly all considered topologies, but different topologies showed different values of the power exponent α. Thus, while the presence of power laws P3 and P4 do not give strong evidence for the representativeness of a generated topology, the value of α in P3 and P4 can be used as a litmus test for the representativeness of a generated topology. We also find that factors F1 and F2 are the key contributors in our study which provide the resemblance of our generated topologies to that of the Internet.
Reduction of efficiency droop in InGaN light emitting diodes by coupled quantum wells (2008)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on InGaN suffer from efficiency droop at current injection levels as low as 50 A cm−2. We investigated multiple quantum well InGaN LEDs with varying InGaN barrier thicknesses (3–12 nm) emitting at ∼400–410 nm to investigate the effect of hole mass and also to find out possible solutions to prevent the efficiency droop. In LEDs with electron blocking layers, when we reduced the InGaN barriers from 12 to 3 nm, the current density for the peak or saturation of external quantum efficiency increased from 200 to 1100 A cm−2 under pulsed injection conditions, which eliminates the heating effects to a large extent. Our calculations show that such reduction in the barrier thickness makes the hole distribution more uniform among the wells. These results suggest that the inferior low hole transport through the barriers exacerbated by large hole effective mass and low hole injection due to relatively low hole concentration and the consequent electron leakage are responsible for the efficiency droop at high current injection levels.
An improved bistable circuitry system for weak signal detection (2011)

The stochastic resonance (SR), taking advantage of the noise instead of suppressing it, has been proved to be a novel way to enhance detection, amplification, and transmission of weak signals. The classical SR requires small parameters (e.g., the driving frequency is much lower than 1 Hz) according to the adiabatic approximation. Nevertheless, large parameter problems may usually be involved in real world. This paper focuses on experimental study of weak signal detection from heavy background noise by constructing an improved bistable circuitry system. The nonlinear bistable system is built with electronic circuit to deal with large parameter problems. By the circuitry, this paper explores the effect of band-limited noise on the SR. Experimental results verify the SR phenomenon can be driven by changing the bandwidth of the noise, and by multiscale noise tuning, which makes the weak signal detection much easier to be realized for the non-Gaussian noise case.
Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Selected U.S. Ethanol Production and Use Pathways in 2022 (2010)

Projected life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net energy value (NEV) of high-ethanol blend fuel (E85) used to propel a passenger car in the United States are evaluated using attributional life cycle assessment. Input data represent national-average conditions projected to 2022 for ethanol produced from corn grain, corn stover, wheat straw, switchgrass, and forest residues. Three conversion technologies are assessed: advanced dry mill (corn grain), biochemical (switchgrass, corn stover, wheat straw), and thermochemical (forest residues). A reference case is compared against results from Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis. For this case, one kilometer traveled on E85 from the feedstock-to-ethanol pathways evaluated has 43%-57% lower GHG emissions than a car operated on conventional U.S. gasoline (base year 2005). Differences in NEV cluster by conversion technology rather than by feedstock. The reference case estimates of GHG and NEV skew to the tails of the estimated frequency distributions. Though not as optimistic as the reference case, the projected median GHG and NEV for all feedstock-to-E85 pathways evaluated offer significant improvement over conventional U.S. gasoline. Sensitivity analysis suggests that inputs to the feedstock production phase are the most influential parameters for GHG and NEV. Results from this study can be used to help focus research and development efforts.
Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients (2011)

Although resveratrol has widely been studied for its potential health benefits, little is known about its metabolic effects in humans. Our aims were to determine whether the polyphenol resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients and to gain some insight into the mechanism of its action. After an initial general examination (including blood chemistry), nineteen patients enrolled in the 4-week-long double-blind study were randomly assigned into two groups: a resveratrol group receiving oral 2 × 5 mg resveratrol and a control group receiving placebo. Before and after the second and fourth weeks of the trial, insulin resistance/sensitivity, creatinine-normalised ortho-tyrosine level in urine samples (as a measure of oxidative stress), incretin levels and phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt):protein kinase B (Akt) ratio in platelets were assessed and statistically analysed. After the fourth week, resveratrol significantly decreased insulin resistance (homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance) and urinary ortho-tyrosine excretion, while it increased the pAkt:Akt ratio in platelets. On the other hand, it had no effect on parameters that relate to β-cell function (i.e. homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function). The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity in humans, which might be due to a resveratrol-induced decrease in oxidative stress that leads to a more efficient insulin signalling via the Akt pathway.
Using tilt-control in non-contact manipulation systems: Development of 2-DOF tilting actuator with remote center of rotation (2010)

Levitation systems allow delicate objects to be handled without contact by actively controlling a levitation force that suspends the object. A drawback of levitation systems for thin objects is that the lateral force can not be controlled actively and is much weaker than the levitation force. This is a problem for non-contact manipulation systems as the object may loose its alignment with the levitator (and drop) because of the inertial forces coming from the lateral accelerations. In earlier work, a solution was proposed using Tilt Control in which lateral accelerations are compensated by the levitation force by tilting both the object and the levitator. This concept has been verified in an experimental setup that was capable of tilting around only one axis. In this paper, a new and unique design is presented of a tilting actuator that is capable of rotating around two axis, so that full 3D-space manipulation is possible. A key aspect of the Tilt Control strategy is that the center of rotation is at the center of mass of the levitated object and, for the tilting actuator, this means that it should have a remote center of rotation. A spherical cap or dome-shaped structure supported by three ball bearings, is used as the fundamental principle for the tilting actuator design as it has a natural remote center. The design and realization of this tilting actuator are described in this paper and a pilot experiment was carried out in which the tilting actuator, with a magnetic levitator installed, was attached to a linear motor. The results showed successful tilting action as relative lateral motion of the levitated object were significantly reduced on two axis.
Pocket Grafting with Dermal Grafts: Autologous Collagen Implants for Permanent Correction of Cutaneous Depressions (1995)

The objective of this study was to develop the rationale, operative results, and methods obtained from dermal grafting and to compare them with existing methods of soft-tissue augmentation. Techniques for delivery of autologous collagen for permanent correction of cutaneous depressions are described, evaluated, and discussed in detail, including an illustration and discussion of results obtained from correction of broad undulating acne scars and deep rhytides. The method of dermal grafting under study is then compared with existing procedures for soft-tissue augmentation. Pocket grafting with dermal grafts was found to be a promising technique for correction of certain facial defects.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regulates Focal Adhesion Assembly in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells through Activation of the Focal Adhesion Kinase and Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a significant role in blood-brain barrier breakdown and angiogenesis after brain injury. VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration is a key step in the angiogenic response and is mediated by an accelerated rate of focal adhesion complex assembly and disassembly. In this study, we identified the signaling mechanisms by which VEGF regulates human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) integrity and assembly of focal adhesions, complexes comprised of scaffolding and signaling proteins organized by adhesion to the extracellular matrix. We found that VEGF treatment of HBMECs plated on laminin or fibronectin stimulated cytoskeletal organization and increased focal adhesion sites. Pretreating cells with VEGF antibodies or with the specific inhibitor SU-1498, which inhibits Flk-1/KDR receptor phosphorylation, blocked the ability of VEGF to stimulate focal adhesion assembly. VEGF induced the coupling of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to integrin alphavbeta5 and tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoskeletal components paxillin and p130cas. Additionally, FAK and related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK)/Pyk2 kinases were tyrosine-phosphorylated by VEGF and found to be important for focal adhesion sites. Overexpression of wild type RAFTK/Pyk2 increased cell spreading and the migration of HBMECs, whereas overexpression of catalytically inactive mutant RAFTK/Pyk2 markedly suppressed HBMEC spreading ( approximately 70%), adhesion ( approximately 82%), and migration ( approximately 65%). Furthermore, blocking of FAK by the dominant-interfering mutant FRNK (FAK-related non-kinase) significantly inhibited HBMEC spreading and migration and also disrupted focal adhesions. Thus, these studies define a mechanism for the regulatory role of VEGF in focal adhesion complex assembly in HBMECs via activation of FAK and RAFTK/Pyk2.