gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rodent Model of Direct Cranial Blast Injury (2011)

Traumatic brain injury resulting from an explosive blast is one of the most serious wounds suffered by warfighters, yet the effects of explosive blast overpressure directly impacting the head are poorly understood. We developed a rodent model of direct cranial blast injury (dcBI), in which a blast overpressure could be delivered exclusively to the head, precluding indirect brain injury via thoracic transmission of the blast wave. We constructed and validated a Cranium Only Blast Injury Apparatus (COBIA) to deliver blast overpressures generated by detonating .22 caliber cartridges of smokeless powder. Blast waveforms generated by COBIA replicated those recorded within armored vehicles penetrated by munitions. Lethal dcBI (LD(50) ∼ 515 kPa) was associated with: (1) apparent brainstem failure, characterized by immediate opisthotonus and apnea leading to cardiac arrest that could not be overcome by cardiopulmonary resuscitation; (2) widespread subarachnoid hemorrhages without cortical contusions or intracerebral or intraventricular hemorrhages; and (3) no pulmonary abnormalities. Sub-lethal dcBI was associated with: (1) apnea lasting up to 15 sec, with transient abnormalities in oxygen saturation; (2) very few delayed deaths; (3) subarachnoid hemorrhages, especially in the path of the blast wave; (4) abnormal immunolabeling for IgG, cleaved caspase-3, and β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), and staining for Fluoro-Jade C, all in deep brain regions away from the subarachnoid hemorrhages, but in the path of the blast wave; and (5) abnormalities on the accelerating Rotarod that persisted for the 1 week period of observation. We conclude that exposure of the head alone to severe explosive blast predisposes to significant neurological dysfunction.
Ultracapacitors and Batteries in Hybrid Vehicles (2005)

Using an ultracapacitor in conjunction with a battery in a hybrid vehicle combines the power performance of the former with the greater energy storage capability of the latter.
Evaluation of Sequential Function Charts execution techniques. The Active Steps Algorithm. (2008)

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) play a significant role in the control of production systems and sequential function chart (SFC) is one of the main programming languages. The reaction time of a PLC is a fundamental matter in discrete event control systems. We show that the reaction time of PLC depends greatly on the SFC structure, on the events sequence and also on the algorithm that executes the SFC. Five algorithms have been analyzed: brute force, enabled transitions, representing places, deferred transit and the immediate transit evolution models. The analysis has been carried out over a SFC library composed by well known models which can be scaled using a parameter. Finally we propose a new SFC execution technique adapted to efficiently execute a subclass of SFCs. We call this technique the active steps algorithm.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Increases the Efficacy of a Topical Formulation of Foscarnet against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Cutaneous Lesions in Mice (2000)

The influence of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the efficacies of topical gel formulations of foscarnet against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) cutaneous infection has been evaluated in mice. A single application of the gel formulation containing 3% foscarnet given 24 h postinfection exerted only a modest effect on the development of herpetic skin lesions. Of prime interest, the addition of 5% SLS to this gel formulation markedly reduced the mean lesion score. The improved efficacy of the foscarnet formulation containing SLS could be attributed to an increased penetration of the antiviral agent into the epidermis. In vitro, SLS decreased in a concentration-dependent manner the infectivities of herpesviruses for Vero cells. SLS also inhibited the HSV-1 strain F-induced cytopathic effect. Combinations of foscarnet and SLS resulted in subsynergistic to subantagonistic effects, depending on the concentration used. Foscarnet in phosphate-buffered saline decreased in a dose-dependent manner the viability of cultured human skin fibroblasts. This toxic effect was markedly decreased when foscarnet was incorporated into the polymer matrix. The presence of SLS in the gel formulations did not alter the viabilities of these cells. The use of gel formulations containing foscarnet and SLS could represent an attractive approach to the treatment of herpetic mucocutaneous lesions, especially those caused by acyclovir-resistant strains.
Effects of a thin SiO<sub>2</sub> layer on the formation of metal–silicon contacts (1981)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation S. M. Goodnick, M. Fathipour, D. L. Ellsworth, C. W. Wilmsen; Effects of a thin SiO2 layer on the formation of metal–silicon contacts. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology 1 April 1981; 18 (3): 949–954. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.570962 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase–Expressing Colon Stem Cells Contribute to Tumorigenesis in the Transition from Colitis to Cancer (2009)

Patients with chronic ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Although current hypotheses suggest that sporadic colorectal cancer is due to inability to control cancer stem cells, the cancer stem cell hypothesis has not yet been validated in colitis-associated cancer. Furthermore, the identification of the colitis to cancer transition is challenging. We recently showed that epithelial cells with the increased expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase in sporadic colon cancer correlate closely with tumor-initiating ability. We sought to determine whether ALDH can be used as a marker to isolate tumor-initiating populations from patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to identify precursor colon cancer stem cells from colitis patients and report both their transition to cancerous stem cells in xenografting studies as well as their ability to generate spheres in vitro. Similar to sporadic colon cancer, these colitis-derived tumors were capable of propagation as sphere cultures. However, unlike the origins of sporadic colon cancer, the primary colitic tissues did not express any histologic evidence of dysplasia. To elucidate a potential mechanism for our findings, we compared the stroma of these different environments and determined that at least one paracrine factor is up-regulated in the inflammatory and malignant stroma compared with resting, normal stroma. These data link colitis and cancer identifying potential tumor-initiating cells from colitic patients, suggesting that sphere and/or xenograft formation will be useful to survey colitic patients at risk of developing cancer.
Automatic reading of analog display instruments (2002)

A general design strategy based on experiences of a successful application project concerning the reading of analog devices in order to automate the reading process is presented. The problem space is defined and a description language is introduced which controls the interpretation of specific types of instruments and decouples recognition of primitiva and formation of an aspired result. Furthermore, the interaction between Hough transform or line detection, the user-controlled computation of the measurement and the extension to other measuring instruments is described.
Veiled on Instagram? Representation of Veiled versus Nonveiled Women in Western and Egyptian Instagram Posts (2021)

This study uses visual, quantitative content analysis to examine whether there is a significant difference in the representation of veiled versus nonveiled women in branded Instagram posts. We also tested the representation of women in Western and Egyptian branded Instagram posts. We used a sample of 200 branded Instagram posts created to promote products and services. The study tested five categories based on Goffman’s and then Kang’s gender analysis models: feminine touch, ritualization of subordination, licensed withdrawal, body display, and independence. We report a significant difference in body display between veiled women in Western versus Egyptian brands’ Instagram posts, as well as between veiled and nonveiled models in Western brands’ posts. We also found that both veiled and nonveiled women in Western brands’ posts show significantly more feminine touch compared to Egyptian brands.
Neural Blind Deconvolution Using Deep Priors (2019)

Blind deconvolution is a classical yet challenging low-level vision problem with many real-world applications. Traditional maximum a posterior (MAP) based methods rely heavily on fixed and handcrafted priors that certainly are insufficient in characterizing clean images and blur kernels, and usually adopt specially designed alternating minimization to avoid trivial solution. In contrast, existing deep motion deblurring networks learn from massive training images the mapping to clean image or blur kernel, but are limited in handling various complex and large size blur kernels. To connect MAP and deep models, we in this paper present two generative networks for respectively modeling the deep priors of clean image and blur kernel, and propose an unconstrained neural optimization solution to blind deconvolution. In particular, we adopt an asymmetric Autoencoder with skip connections for generating latent clean image, and a fully-connected network (FCN) for generating blur kernel. Moreover, the SoftMax nonlinearity is applied to the output layer of FCN to meet the non-negative and equality constraints. The process of neural optimization can be explained as a kind of "zero-shot" self-supervised learning of the generative networks, and thus our proposed method is dubbed SelfDeblur. Experimental results show that our SelfDeblur can achieve notable quantitative gains as well as more visually plausible deblurring results in comparison to state-of-the-art blind deconvolution methods on benchmark datasets and real-world blurry images. The source code is available at https://github.com/csdwren/SelfDeblur
POINT OF VIEW: Who Is in Charge? The Promises and Pitfalls of Driverless Cars (2014)

Driverless car technology promises safer and more efficient driving systems, but many questions remain. This article discusses some of the issues that need consideration before driverless car technology becomes a reality. The article highlights test and design considerations; driverless or driver optional technologies; interacting weaknesses; lessons from aviation; attention and distraction concerns; technology robustness; flaws in the systems; trust and skill degradation; and sociotechnical considerations. The robustness of the technology and the interaction between the human driver and the driverless technology are unclear. Boredom, mode confusion and recovery from automation errors are among the major concerns, and have been observed in experimental and real-life settings. Solutions to these problems will come through proper design, supplemented by extensive testing to confirm that the solutions are having the intended effect.
The androgen/androgen receptor axis in prostate cancer (2012)

Advances in the understanding of AR signaling in CRPC have identified novel drug targets and improved the rational design of targeted therapy, while illuminating a subset of prostate cancers that may progress to become completely independent of the AR signaling program.
Influence of Bovine Antiserum (Bo-Bac 2X) Injection on Colostral Immunoglobulin G Absorption in Neonatal Dairy Calves (2000)

On the background of positive survival data from farms in Mississippi, treating calves with antiserum injection in addition to normal colostrum administration, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of a single subcutaneously administered bovine antiserum injection (0.031 g of IgG/kg of body weight) and pooled colostrum administration on efficiency of Ig absorption and on 24-h plasma IgG concentration in neonatal bull calves. Twenty-nine male dairy calves (21 Holsteins and 8 Jerseys) were assigned randomly at parturition to receive one of four treatments: 1) colostrum (n = 9), 2) colostrum and bovine antiserum injection (n = 7), 3) milk replacer (n = 5), or 4) milk replacer and bovine antiserum injection (n = 8). At birth, calves either did or did not receive an injection of bovine antiserum and were fed pooled colostrum or milk replacer (Holsteins, 3.8 L; Jerseys, 1.9 L) via an esophageal feeder. Blood was collected immediately before administration of the colostrum or milk replacer, then again at 24 and 48 h postpartum. Immunoglobulin G concentrations of colostrum, milk replacer, antiserum, and plasma were monitored by single radial immunodiffusion. Colostrum administration and injection of bovine antiserum each increased plasma Ig concentration at 24 h posttreatment. In addition, antiserum injection increased the apparent efficiency of absorption of colostral Ig by 42% over that for calves fed colostrum alone. The increase in plasma IgG for antiserum-treated calves exceeded the total amount of IgG administered in the antiserum injection; hence, this increase appeared to be the result of an increase in total absorption of colostral IgG, or possibly antiserum injection somehow triggered active synthesis of IgG. Injection of antiserum might possibly serve as a beneficial adjunct to a colostrum management program by enhancing the acquisition of passive immunity from colostral sources.
Chapter 1. Theories and Tools for the Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Human Activities (2021)

As the human population continues to grow and require more resources to fulfil its basic needs, it also persists in becoming more sophisticated in technological advancements and in satisfying consumers’ desires. The impacts we are having on the environment, at the local and global scale, are of increasing concern for the future sustainability of the planet. A number of theories and tools have been developed, which allow us to conceptualise, rationalise and assess the environmental impacts of human activities. These frameworks enable the identification and quantification of environmental issues and impacts, and ways to assess modification of practices or new technologies. Life Cycle Assessment is an established methodology used to quantify the environmental impacts of products, processes and services. Circular Economy thinking is conceptual way of considering the patterns of production and consumption. Combining Circular Economy thinking and Life Cycle Assessment as a metric, provides a framework for developing environmental impact assessment across supply and value chains, which can result in changes in behaviours and practices to minimise impacts. This chapter is intended as an introduction to the many environmental challenges faced by today's societies, and to provide an overview of combing Life Cycle Assessment with the Circular Economy concept.
An adaptive synchronous generator stabilizer design by generalized multivariable pole shifting (GMPS) technique (1992)

A robust adaptive power system stabilizer algorithm using a generalized multivariable pole shifting (GMPS) technique is presented. The method is capable of handling multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with arbitrary numbers of inputs and outputs. The pole shifting factor is self-adjusted online such that the control constraints will not be violated. The algorithm was applied to a single-machine infinite-bus system excitation control. Both shaft speed and accelerating power were used as control inputs. A set of multifault simulation studies are presented to compare the system performance obtained by a conventional power system stabilizer. In all cases, the proposed controller demonstrates consistent superiority, and most importantly consistent reliability and robustness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal Preliminary Design of Superconducting Bending Magnets With Active Shielding Using Topology Optimization Method (2012)

This paper presents a topology optimization-based method for optimally designing magnets. Compared to other optimization approaches for which the final solution is strongly conditioned by the initial choice of the designer, it opens the field of solutions without any a priori on the topology or the geometry of the magnet. This method is applied to the preliminary design of a 90° bending superconducting magnet with active shielding, considering the superconductor quantity as objective function and the magnetic field distribution as constraint. In order to meet manufacturability specifications, additional constraints ensure that the solutions are exclusively made of planar coils. The results highlight that the optimal distribution of superconductors on the magnet cross-section are recurrent whatever the value of design parameters like magnet radius or the current density.
Embryo manipulation in cattle breeding and production (1989)

ABSTRACT Developments, both recent and potential, in procedures for manipulating embryos are described. The procedures considered include: embryo transfer, multiple ovulation and embryo recovery, recovery of oocytes, in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of oocytes, in vitro culture of zygotes, embryo splitting and nuclear transfer, embryo storage, embryo sexing, gene transfer and embryo stem cells. The impact of these procedures on breeding strategies such as multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) nucleus breeding schemes and progeny testing are discussed for both dairy and beef cattle. For MOET nucleus schemes all these procedures have potential applications in producing maximal rates of genetic progress for a fixed rate of inbreeding. With the current effectiveness of the procedures, embryo sexing and nuclear transfer would have the most impact. The potential for increasing genetic progress through progeny testing is enhanced using multiple ovulation, embryo recovery and transfer in cows to breed bulls, but no other procedures appeared to offer major benefits. The efficiency of beef production from the dairy herd could be increased either by using IVM and IVF to produce more beef-type calves or, potentially, by cloning and embryo transfer, to produce pure beef calves. Procedures leading to the production of clone families would make an impact on the evaluation of genotypes and environments. Gene transfer may be used to modify the composition of milk including the production of pharmaceutical proteins, and to increase milk yield or the efficiency of lean meat production. It is concluded that, although much further research is required, the procedures discussed will have major implications for the structure and organization of dairy and beef cattle herds over the next decade.
Real-time GPU-based 3D Deconvolution (2013)

Confocal microscopy is an oft-used technique in biology. Deconvolution of 3D images reduces blurring from out-of-focus light and enables quantitative analyses, but existing software for deconvolution is slow and expensive. We present a parallelized software method that runs within ImageJ and deconvolves 3D images ~100 times faster than conventional software (few seconds per image) by running on a low-cost graphics processor board (GPU). We demonstrate the utility of this software by analyzing microclusters of T cell receptors in the immunological synapse of a CD4 + T cell and dendritic cell. This software provides a low-cost and rapid way to improve the accuracy of 3D microscopic images obtained by any method.
A software framework for non-repudiation service in electronic commerce based on the Internet (2003)

We propose a software framework for non-repudiation service in e-commerce (electronic commerce) on the Internet. The proposed software framework is an explicit security framework for notary service. In the framework we propose a systematic design methodology that provides a security class concept. Our framework can be differentiated from others. First, unlike other frameworks, it is interested in a successful completion of e-commerce transactions by supporting non-repudiation of service. Second, the proposed framework is based on dynamic adaptive mechanism that improves the performance of e-commerce transactions.
Fusion of a Short Peptide that Binds Immunoglobulin G to a Recombinant Protein Substantially Increases Its Plasma Half-Life in Mice (2014)

We explore a strategy to substantially increase the half-life of recombinant proteins by genetic fusion to FcIII, a 13-mer IgG-Fc domain binding peptide (IgGBP) originally identified by DeLano and co-workers at Genentech IgGBP fusion increases the in vivo half-life of proteins by enabling the fusion protein to bind serum IgG, a concept originally introduced by DeLano and co-workers in a patent but that to the best of our knowledge has never been pursued in the scientific literature. To further investigate the in vitro and in vivo properties of IgGBP fusion proteins, we fused FcIII to the C-terminus of a model fluorescent protein, monomeric Katushka (mKate). mKate-IgGBP fusions are easily expressed in Escherichia coli and bind specifically to human IgG with an affinity of ,40 nM and ,20 nM at pH 7.4 and pH 6, respectively, but not to mouse or rat IgG isotypes. mKate-IgGBP binds the Fc-domain of hIgG1 at a site overlapping the human neonatal Fc receptor (hFcRn) and as a consequence inhibits the binding of hIgG1 to hFcRn in vitro. High affinity binding to human IgG also endows mKate-IgGBP with a long circulation half-life of ,8 hr in mice, a 75-fold increase compared to unmodified mKate. Thus, IgGBP fusion significantly reduces protein clearance by piggybacking on serum IgG without substantially increasing protein molecular weight due to the small size of the IgGBP. These attractive features could result in protein therapies with reduced dose frequency and improved patient compliance.
Rapid enzymatic analysis of plasma for tyrosine. (1990)

In this rapid, simple, and convenient enzymatic method for measurement of tyrosine in plasma, tyrosine is converted to tyramine by action of tyrosine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.25) and the tyramine produced is oxidized to p-hydroxybenzyl aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide by action of tyramine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.9). The hydrogen peroxide is reacted with 4-aminoantipyrine and N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-toluidine in the presence of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) to obtain quinoneimine dye, the absorbance of which is measured at 570 nm. Thus tyrosine is measured in the visible range. The CV was 4.6% or less, and the measurement was unaffected by other amino acids, except for phenylalanine. The values obtained (y) correlated well with those obtained with an amino acid analyzer (x): y = 0.902x + 3.92 mumol/L (Syx = 12.3; r = 0.985; n = 54).