gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Isotope Tracer Analysis in Isolated Mitochondria from Mammalian Systems (2014)

Mitochondria are a focal point in metabolism, given that they play fundamental roles in catabolic, as well as anabolic reactions. Alterations in mitochondrial functions are often studied in whole cells, and metabolomics experiments using 13C-labeled substrates, coupled with mass isotopomer distribution analyses, represent a powerful approach to study global changes in cellular metabolic activities. However, little is known regarding the assessment of metabolic activities in isolated mitochondria using this technology. Studies on isolated mitochondria permit the evaluation of whether changes in cellular metabolic activities are due to modifications in the intrinsic properties of the mitochondria. Here, we present a streamlined approach to accurately determine 13C, as well as 12C enrichments in isolated mitochondria from mammalian tissues or cultured cells by GC/MS. We demonstrate the relevance of this experimental approach by assessing the effects of drugs perturbing mitochondrial functions on the mass isotopomer enrichment of metabolic intermediates. Furthermore, we investigate 13C and 12C enrichments in mitochondria isolated from cancer cells given the emerging role of metabolic alterations in supporting tumor growth. This original method will provide a very sensitive tool to perform metabolomics studies on isolated mitochondria.
Securing script-based extensibility in web browsers (2010)

Web browsers are increasingly designed to be extensible to keep up with the Web's rapid pace of change. This extensibility is typically implemented using script-based extensions. Script extensions have access to sensitive browser APIs and content from untrusted web pages. Unfortunately, this powerful combination creates the threat of privilege escalation attacks that grant web page scripts the full privileges of script extensions and control over the entire browser process.\n\nThis thesis describes the pitfalls of script-based extensibility based on our study of the Firefox Web browser, and is the first to offer a classification of script-based privilege escalation vulnerabilities. We propose a taint-based system to track the spread of untrusted data in the browser and to detect the characteristic signatures of privilege escalation attacks. We show that this approach is effective by testing our system against exploits in the Firefox bug database and finding that it detects the vast majority of attacks with no false alarms.
A Finite Element Analysis of Two Different Dental Implants: Stress Distribution in the Prosthesis, Abutment, Implant, and Supporting Bone (2008)

This study evaluates the influence of 2 commercially available dental implant systems on stress distribution in the prosthesis, abutment, implant, and supporting alveolar bone under simulated occlusal forces, employing a finite element analysis. The implants and abutments evaluated consisted of a stepped cylinder implant connected to a screw-retained, internal, hexagonal abutment (system 1) and a conical implant connected to a solid, internal, conical abutment (system 2). A porcelain-covered, silver-palladium alloy was used as a crown. In each case, a simulated, 100-N vertical load was applied to the buccal cusp. A finite element model was created based on the physical properties of each component, and the values of the von Mises stresses generated in the prosthesis, abutment, implant, and supporting alveolar bone were calculated. In the prostheses, the maximum von Mises stresses were concentrated at the points of load application in both systems, and they were greater in system 1 (148 N/mm2) than in system 2 (55 N/mm2). Stress was greater on the abutment of system 2 than of system 1 on both the buccal (342 N/mm2 x 294 N/mm2) and lingual (294 N/mm2 x 148 N/ mm2) faces. Stress in the cortical, alveolar bone crest was greater in system 1 than in system 2 (buccal: 99.5 N/mm2 x 55 N/mm2, lingual: 55 N/mm2 x 24.5 N/mm2, respectively). Within the limits of this investigation, the stepped cylinder implant connected to a screw-retained, internal hexagonal abutment produces greater stresses on the alveolar bone and prosthesis and lower stresses on the abutment complex. In contrast, the conical implant connected to a solid, internal, conical abutment furnishes lower stresses on the alveolar bone and prosthesis and greater stresses on the abutment.
Are you looking at me? Eye contact and desktop video conferencing (2003)

Mutual gaze is an important conversational resource, but is difficult to provide using conventional video conferencing equipment due to the disparity between the position of the camera and the position of the eyes on the screen. Various elaborate inventions have been proposed to get around this problem but none have found wide use. The alternative explored here is that these expensive alternatives may be unnecessary. Users of conventional desktop video equipment may, under the right conditions, be able to learn to interpret what is at first sight inappropriate apparent gaze direction as signalling that the other person is "looking at me."Data are presented from two experiments where an estimator judges where a gazer is looking. The gazer may be looking either at the desktop video image of the estimator or some point to the side. Experiment 1 compared two image sizes and two camera positions. While the size of the image (352 × 288 pixels versus 176 × 144) had no significant effect on participants' ability to judge where the gazer was looking, horizontally offsetting the position of the camera inhibited performance. Experiment 2 examined the effect of reducing the image size further. The smallest image size (88 × 72 pixels) resulted in poorer performance than the intermediate (176 × 144). The results show that it is possible for users of low cost desktop video conferencing to learn to interpret gaze direction to a very high degree of accuracy if the equipment is configured optimally. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
Anti-IL17 therapies for psoriasis (2018)

The development and approval of the IL-17 inhibitor agents secukinumab, ixekizumab, and brodalumab has expanded psoriatic treatment with effective options, validating the importance of the pro-inflammatory role of IL-17 psoriatic pathophysiology. Biologic treatment options for psoriasis will continue to grow, especially IL-17 and IL-23 related agents, with an increasing specificity of agents to be available in the future.
A disturb-free subthreshold 9T SRAM cell with improved performance and variation tolerance (2013)

This paper presents a novel subthreshold 9T SRAM cell with row-based Word-Line (WL) and column-based data-aware Write Word-Lines (WWLs). The decoupled Read port and cross-point Write structure provide a disturb-free cell and facilitate bit-interleaving architecture to improve soft error immunity. Compared with a previous cross-point Write 9T subthreshold SRAM cell reported in the literature, the proposed 9T SRAM cell offers comparable stability with improved Read performance and variation-tolerance. Monte Carlo simulations based on UMC 40nm Low-Power (40LP) technology indicate that the BL access time improves by 15.35% to 17.37%, and the variation (τ of BL access time) improves by 5.12% to 9.22% for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ranging from 0.3V to 0.6V. Based on a 72Kb SRAM macro design in UMC 40LP process, the proposed 9T cell achieves about 9% better chip access time (Ta) at SS corner for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ranging from 0.3V to 0.45V.
Multisensor Miss Distance Measurement System for Test & Evaluation of High Speed Intercepts (1993)

A multisensor Miss Distance Measurement System (MDMS) has been developed for the SD10 Brilliant
Pebbles program to measure and characterize the intercept
geometry between a Target Vehicle (TV) and a Kill Vehicle (KV) in upcoming suborbital flight tests. The system
is primarily intended to provide information that will be
needed to help analyze the cause of a miss if a miss should
occur, but it will also provide information on the point of
impact when a hit occurs. The MDMS is an integrated
package of hardware and software elements necessary to
handle all aspects of a complex intercept test, from pre-flight installation and checkout of equipment, inflight
generation and recording of sensor measurements, and
postflight processing and analysis of the recorded data.
The flight elements of the system include a Ballistic Missile Translator to measure the trajectory of the TV, a
Global Positioning System/Telemetry Transmitter to
measure the trajectory of the KV, a Miss Distance Indicator System to measure the miss distance of the KV relative to four antennas on the TV, and a Lidar Detection
System to provide information on the KV’s lidar homing
sensor. The S-band downlink signals produced by these
elements are received and recorded at receiving stations
provided by the missile test ranges. The recorded data are
processed and analyzed at a Post-Flight Processing Center
located at JHU/APL, where precise estimates of the geometric intercept variables are produced. The MDMS will
have an accuracy of 7 m (lo, each axis) in absolute position of either vehicle relative to an earth centered inertial
coordinate frame. The accuracy in relative position of the
KV compared to the TV will be 2 m (la, each axis), and
the accuracy of the PCA estimates will be 0.7 - 1.6 m de
pending on where the intercept occurs relative to the TV
body.
Biocompatibility of Advanced Manufactured Titanium Implants—A Review (2014)

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys may be processed via advanced powder manufacturing routes such as additive layer manufacturing (or 3D printing) or metal injection moulding. This field is receiving increased attention from various manufacturing sectors including the medical devices sector. It is possible that advanced manufacturing techniques could replace the machining or casting of metal alloys in the manufacture of devices because of associated advantages that include design flexibility, reduced processing costs, reduced waste, and the opportunity to more easily manufacture complex or custom-shaped implants. The emerging advanced manufacturing approaches of metal injection moulding and additive layer manufacturing are receiving particular attention from the implant fabrication industry because they could overcome some of the difficulties associated with traditional implant fabrication techniques such as titanium casting. Using advanced manufacturing, it is also possible to produce more complex porous structures with improved mechanical performance, potentially matching the modulus of elasticity of local bone. While the economic and engineering potential of advanced manufacturing for the manufacture of musculo-skeletal implants is therefore clear, the impact on the biocompatibility of the materials has been less investigated. In this review, the capabilities of advanced powder manufacturing routes in producing components that are suitable for biomedical implant applications are assessed with emphasis placed on surface finishes and porous structures. Given that biocompatibility and host bone response are critical determinants of clinical performance, published studies of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> research have been considered carefully. The review concludes with a future outlook on advanced Ti production for biomedical implants using powder metallurgy.
Ontology Driven Knowledge Map for Enhancing Business Process Reengineering (2013)

It has been a constant human desire to be dissatisfied with the status quo as there is always need to improve upon the way business is being done. As a result, Business process reengineering is introduced into organization in order to overcome these challenges of inefficiencies and high running cost. A lot of problems were encountered during the process of reengineering programmes. One of many factors that are identified as the possible reason for the failures in most business process reengineering is the lack of giving much emphasis on the knowledge available within the environment in which the business process is taking place. In this paper therefore we propose a methodology that addresses this issue through the use knowledge source map and formal organizational ontology. The organization and business process are model together to provides most efficient way of utilizing the knowledge in the organization in the event of business process reengineering.
Extreme ultraviolet interference lithography at the Paul Scherrer Institut (2009)

We review the performance and applications of an extreme ultraviolet interference lithography (EUV-IL) system built at the Swiss Light Source of the Paul Scherrer Institut (Villigen, Switzerland). The interferometer uses fully coherent radiation from an undulator source. 1-D (line/space) and 2-D (dot/hole arrays) patterns are obtained with a transmission-diffraction-grating type of interferometer. Features with sizes in the range from one micrometer down to the 10-nm scale can be printed in a variety of resists. The highest resolution of 11-nm half-pitch line/space patterns obtained with this method represents a current record for photon based lithography. Thanks to the excellent performance of the system in terms of pattern resolution, uniformity, size of the patterned area, and the throughput, the system has been used in numerous applications. Here we demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of this emerging nanolithography method through a review of some of the applications, namely, fabrication of metallic and magnetic nanodevice components, self-assembly of Si/Ge quantum dots, chemical patterning of self-assembled monolayers (SAM), and radiation grafting of polymers.
Design of a <sup>13</sup>c {<sup>1</sup>h} rf probe for monitoring the in vivo metabolism of [1‐<sup>13</sup>c] glucose in primate brain (1990)

The design of an RF probe suitable for obtaining proton-decoupled 13C spectra from a subhuman primate brain is described. Two orthogonal saddle coils, one tuned to the resonant frequency of 13C and the other to the resonant frequency of 1H, were used to monitor the in vivo metabolism of [1-13C]glucose in rhesus monkey brain at 2.1 T. Difference spectra showed the appearance of 13C-enriched glutamate and glutamine 30 to 40 min after a bolus injection of [1-13C]glucose.
Synthesis organic photochemistry: photochemical approach to hydroazulenes by photolysis of a βγ-unsaturated ketones (1973)

R. G. Carlson, R. L. Coffin, W. W. Cox and R. S. Givens, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 501 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000501
On LDPC code ensembles with generalized constraints (2017)

In this paper, we analyze the tradeoff between coding rate and asymptotic performance of a class of generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes constructed by including a certain fraction of generalized constraint (GC) nodes in the graph. The rate of the GLDPC ensemble is bounded using classical results on linear block codes, namely Hamming bound and Varshamov bound. We also study the impact of the decoding method used at GC nodes. To incorporate both bounded-distance (BD) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding at GC nodes into our analysis without having to resort on multi-edge type of degree distributions (DDs), we propose the probabilistic peeling decoder (P-PD) algorithm, which models the decoding step at every GC node as an instance of a Bernoulli random variable with a success probability that depends on the GC block code and its decoding algorithm. The P-PD asymptotic performance over the BEC can be efficiently predicted using standard techniques for LDPC codes such as density evolution (DE) or the differential equation method. Furthermore, for a class of GLDPC ensembles, we demonstrate that the simulated P-PD performance accurately predicts the actual performance of the GLPDC code. We illustrate our analysis for GLDPC code ensembles using (2, 6) and (2,15) base DDs. In all cases, we show that a large fraction of GC nodes is required to reduce the original gap to capacity.
Changes in a Caribbean Fruit Fly Acoustic Signal with Social Situation (Diptera: Tephritidae)1 (1986)

Journal Article Changes in a Caribbean Fruit Fly Acoustic Signal with Social Situation (Diptera: Tephritidae) Get access John Sivinski, John Sivinski 1Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. C. Webb J. C. Webb 1Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biology Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida 32604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 79, Issue 1, 1 January 1986, Pages 146–149, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/79.1.146 Published: 01 January 1986 Article history Received: 04 February 1985 Accepted: 04 September 1985 Published: 01 January 1986
Malware prevalence in the KaZaA file-sharing network (2006)

In recent years, more than 200 viruses have been reported to use a peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing network as a propagation vector. Disguised as files that are frequently exchanged over P2P networks, these malicious programs infect the user's host if downloaded and opened, leaving their copies in the user's sharing folder for further propagation. Using a light-weight crawler built for the KaZaA file-sharing network, we study the prevalence of malware in this popular P2P network, the malware's propagation behavior in the P2P network environment and the characteristics of infected hosts. We gathered information about more than 500,000 files returned by the KaZaA network in response to 24 common query strings. With 364 signatures of known malicious programs, we found that over 15% of the crawled files were infected by 52 different viruses. Many of the malicious programs that we find active in the KaZaA P2P network open a backdoor through which an attacker can remotely control the compromised machine, send spam, or steal a user's confidential information. The assertion that these hosts were used to send spam was supported by the fact that over 70% of infected hosts were listed on DNS-based spam black-lists. Our measurement method is efficient: it enables us to investigate more than 30,000 files in an hour, identifying infected hosts without directly accessing their file system.
Electrophysiological Characterization of V2a Interneurons and Their Locomotor-Related Activity in the Neonatal Mouse Spinal Cord (2010)

The V2a class of Chx10-expressing interneurons has been implicated in frequency-dependent control of left-right phase during locomotion in the mouse. We have used the Chx10::CFP mouse line to further investigate the properties and locomotion-related activity of V2a interneurons in the isolated neonatal spinal cord. V2a interneurons can be divided into three classes, based on their tonic, phasic, or delayed-onset responses to step depolarization. Electrical coupling is found only between neurons of same class and helps to synchronize neuronal activity within the class. Serotonin (5-HT) excites isolated tonic V2a interneurons by depolarizing the neurons and increasing their membrane input resistance, with no significant effects on action potential properties, a mechanism distinct from 5-HT excitation of commissural interneurons. During NMDA-/5-HT-induced locomotor-like activity, patch-clamp recordings and two-photon calcium imaging experiments show that approximately half of V2a interneurons fire rhythmically with ventral root-recorded motor activity; the rhythmic V2a interneurons fired during one half of the cycle, in phase with either the ipsilateral or the contralateral L2 ventral root bursts. The percentage of rhythmically firing V2a interneurons increases during higher-frequency fictive locomotion, and they become significantly more rhythmic in their firing during the locomotor cycle; this may help to explain the frequency-dependent shift in left-right coupling in Chx10::DTA mice, which lack these neurons. Our results together with data from the accompanying paper (Dougherty and Kiehn, 2009) reinforce earlier proposals that the V2a interneurons are components of the hindlimb central pattern generator, helping to organize left-right locomotor coordination in the neonatal mouse spinal cord.
Postoperative Respiratory Insufficiency (1970)

NEELY, WILLIAM A. M.D.; ROBINSON, W. THOMAS M.D.; MCMULLAN, MARTIN H. M.D.; BOBO, WILLIAM O. M.D.; MEADOWS, DAVID L. M.D.; HARDY, JAMES D. M.D. Author Information
Regulation of human thymidine kinase during the cell cycle. (1988)

As an approach to defining the molecular basis for the periodic expression of thymidine kinase activity during the cell cycle, we have examined properties of the cytosolic enzyme in cycling HeLa cells synchronized by centrifugal elutriation and mitotic selection. By immunoblot analyses with a specific antiserum raised against the purified HeLa enzyme, we have demonstrated that changes in the levels of thymidine kinase activity reflect similar changes in the levels of thymidine kinase polypeptide. In contrast, the steady state levels of thymidine kinase mRNA show relatively small changes during the cell cycle. Using pulse labeling methods, we have shown that the synthetic rate of thymidine kinase protein is about 10-fold greater in S phase than in G1 phase, indicating that the efficiency of translation of thymidine kinase mRNA increases as cells begin DNA replication. In addition, the stability of thymidine kinase protein dramatically decreases upon cell division, resulting in the rapid clearance of the enzyme from newly divided G1 cells. Thus, two different post-transcriptional mechanisms largely account for the periodic behavior of the enzyme activity during the cell cycle.
Saponins of pericarps of Chinese Sapindus delavayi (Pyi-shiau-tzu), a source of natural surfactants. (1986)

From pericarps of Sapindus delavayi (Chinese name : Pyi-shiau-tzu, Japanese name : Hishoushi)collected in Yunnan, China, several monodesmosides, 2-4 and 8-10 were isolated, all of which have already been isolated from pericarps of S. mukurossi (Japanese name : Enmeihi). Besides these known saponins, Sapenins 11 (a new saponin named hishoushi-saponin A), 13 and 14 (a new saponin named hishoushi-saponin Ee) were isolated from Pyi-shiau-tzu and their structures were elucidated to be as follows : 11, oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside; 13, oleanolic acid 3-0-β-D-xylopyranesyl-(1→3)-x-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside (identica with the prosapogenin of the saponins from Clematis chinensis); 14, an acetate of sapindoside B (3) in which the acetyl group is located at the 3-hydroxyl group of the terminal xylosyl unit. It was found that the content of acylated saponins such as 14 in Pyi-shiau-tzu is higher than that in Enmeihi. Two diacetylated saponins, 15 and 16, were isolated from Pyi-shiau-tzu not in an impure state and their structures were deduced by nuclear magnetic reonance spectrometry. It is noteworthy that in contrast to Enmeihi, no bisdesmoside was detected in Pyi-shiau-tzu.