gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Requirement of P2X7 Receptor and Intracellular K+ for Caspase-1 Activation Induced by Intracellular and Extracellular Bacteria (2007)

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in host defense and inflammatory diseases. The maturation and secretion of IL-1beta are mediated by caspase-1, a protease that processes pro-IL-1beta into biologically active IL-1beta. The activity of caspase-1 is controlled by the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex formed by NLR proteins and the adaptor ASC, that induces the activation of caspase-1. The current model proposes that changes in the intracellular concentration of K(+) potentiate caspase-1 activation induced by the recognition of bacterial products. However, the roles of P2X7 receptor and intracellular K(+) in IL-1beta secretion induced by bacterial infection remain unknown. Here we show that, in response to Toll-like receptor agonists such as lipopolysaccharide or infection with extracellular bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, efficient caspase-1 activation is only triggered by addition of ATP, a signal that promotes caspase-1 activation through depletion of intracellular K(+) caused by stimulation of the purinergic P2X7 receptor. In contrast, activation of caspase-1 that relies on cytosolic sensing of flagellin or intracellular bacteria did not require ATP stimulation or depletion of cytoplasmic K(+). Consistently, caspase-1 activation induced by intracellular Salmonella or Listeria was unimpaired in macrophages deficient in P2X7 receptor. These results indicate that, unlike caspase-1 induced by Toll-like receptor agonists and ATP, activation of the inflammasome by intracellular bacteria and cytosolic flagellin proceeds normally in the absence of P2X7 receptor-mediated cytoplasmic K(+) perturbations.
Transforming the paradigm for crafting acceptable use policy : managing the electronic commons. (2023)

There is a need to solidify the common folklore understanding of what acceptable behaviors are for computer network users. The process of solidification should provide for the development of a paradigm that will be utilized in the formulation of computer use policy. Those who craft computer use policy should move away from the model of a network as a superhighway to a model of a network as a commonly shared resource. The current process for formulating and reviewing an Acceptable Use Policy--an AUP--has generally not evolved as quickly as the rapidly expanding user base and changing demographics. Given the changes in user demographics on computer networks, there is a rapidly growing need to better understand the computer network and to create AUP's based upon questions of social interaction. Such questions might attempt to address the issues of cooperation and sharing of resources. For example, faced with the temptation to behave selfishly--to overuse the resources, how can a group of people (through its AUP) establish and maintain cooperative behavior? To begin the process of answering such questions, this dissertation suggests focusing on the question: "How do privacy aspects of the First and Fourth Amendments impact the formulation of Acceptable Use Policy for an on-line computer network?" This dissertation suggests that privacy is a foundational concept in developing an understanding of the nature of the social activities which are growing in cyberspace. This dissertation also chronicles the transition from informal gentleman's agreement AUP's toward more formalized ones. The research in this dissertation was accomplished by accessing a number of legal resources such as Lexis/Nexis, Westlaw, Web sites on the Internet, a law library, and several Mailing Lists involved in discussions of online legal issues. Other sources, such as government documents, existing and out of date Acceptable Use Policies, and legislative testimony, were reviewed. Personal communication with a number of eminent legal scholars also provided a valuable resource. This dissertation concludes that an Acceptable Use Policy should be in place to govern use of computer networks. The Acceptable Use Policy should become much more of a social contract in the manner of many campus faculty and student handbooks, and, even in the manner that the U.S. Constitution is a social contract for the U.S. population. AUP's should be locally developed by those who have a foundational understanding of: (1) legal principles of privacy, search and seizure, and due process, and, (2) management theory involving the use of commonly shared resources.
Influence of adsorbed and dissolved carboxymethyl cellulose on fibre suspension dispersing, dewaterability, and fines retention (2009)

The effect of adsorbed and soluble carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on dispersing, dewaterability, and fines retention of pulp fibre suspensions was investigated. CMC was added to a suspension in the presence of electrolytes, causing its adsorption to the fibre surfaces, or to a suspension without electrolytes, so that it stayed in the liquid phase. Both the CMC adsorbed on fibre surfaces and that in the liquid phase were able to disperse the fibre suspension due to the ability of CMC to reduce fibre-to-fibre friction in both phases. Adsorbed CMC promoted the formation of a water-rich microfibrillar gel on the fibre surfaces through the spreading out of microfibrils, leading to a decrease in friction at the fibre-fibre contact points and to the increased dispersion of fibres. CMC in the liquid phase of the suspension was in turn thought to prevent fibre-to-fibre contacts due to the large physical size of the CMC molecules. CMC in both phases had detrimental effects on dewatering of the pulp suspension, but adsorbed CMC caused more plugging of the filter cake, and this was attributed to its ability to disperse fibre fines, in particular. Thus, adsorbed CMC also reduced fines retention considerably more than did CMC in the liquid phase of a suspension.
Mapping a common geoscientific object model to heterogeneous spatial data repositories (1996)

Laiel:y, a need lo integrate specialized data management systems such as geographic information systems (GIS), or multimedia systems has gained importance [6]. A large variety of different data sets are available in various specialized repositories, and users would like to access and manipulate these data sets in a uniform way. Additionally, it is desirable to make the specialized functionality provided by the individual repositories available to the user application through a homogeneous interface.
Itsy: stretching the bounds of mobile computing (2001)

The Compaq Itsy, a prototype pocket computer that has enough processing power and memory capacity to run cycle-hungry applications such as continuous-speech recognition and real-time MPEG-1 movie decoding, has proved to be a useful experimental tool for interesting applications, systems work and power studies.
GoldenPiCS: a Golden Gate-derived modular cloning system for applied synthetic biology in the yeast Pichia pastoris (2017)

GoldenPiCS, a modular Golden Gate-derived P. pastoris cloning system, is very flexible and efficient and can be used for strain engineering of P. pastoris to accomplish pathway expression, protein production or other applications where the integration of various DNA products is required. It allows for the assembly of up to eight expression units on one plasmid with the ability to use different characterized promoters and terminators for each expression unit. GoldenPiCS vectors are available at Addgene.
Optimal and Suboptimal Finger Selection Algorithms for MMSE Rake Receivers in Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Systems (2006)

The problem of choosing the optimal multipath components to be employed at a minimum mean square error (MMSE) selective Rake receiver is considered for an impulse radio ultra-wideband system. First, the optimal finger selection problem is formulated as an integer programming problem with a nonconvex objective function. Then, the objective function is approximated by a convex function and the integer programming problem is solved by means of constraint relaxation techniques. The proposed algorithms are suboptimal due to the approximate objective function and the constraint relaxation steps. However, they perform better than the conventional finger selection algorithm, which is suboptimal since it ignores the correlation between multipath components, and they can get quite close to the optimal scheme that cannot be implemented in practice due to its complexity. In addition to the convex relaxation techniques, a genetic-algorithm- (GA-) based approach is proposed, which does not need any approximations or integer relaxations. This iterative algorithm is based on the direct evaluation of the objective function, and can achieve near-optimal performance with a reasonable number of iterations. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the proposed finger selection algorithms with that of the conventional and the optimal schemes.
Targeting Non-Coding RNAs in Plants with the CRISPR-Cas Technology is a Challenge yet Worth Accepting (2015)

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as versatile master regulator of biological functions in recent years. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous ncRNAs of 18-24 nucleotides in length that originates from long self-complementary precursors. Besides their direct involvement in developmental processes, plant miRNAs play key roles in gene regulatory networks and varied biological processes. Alternatively, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are a large and diverse class of transcribed ncRNAs whose length exceed that of 200 nucleotides. Plant lncRNAs are transcribed by different RNA polymerases, showing diverse structural features. Plant lncRNAs also are important regulators of gene expression in diverse biological processes. There has been a breakthrough in the technology of genome editing, the CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology, in the last decade. CRISPR loci are transcribed into ncRNA and eventually form a functional complex with Cas9 and further guide the complex to cleave complementary invading DNA. The CRISPR-Cas technology has been successfully applied in model plants such as Arabidopsis and tobacco and important crops like wheat, maize, and rice. However, all these studies are focused on protein coding genes. Information about targeting non-coding genes is scarce. Hitherto, the CRISPR-Cas technology has been exclusively used in vertebrate systems to engineer miRNA/lncRNAs, but it is still relatively unexplored in plants. While briefing miRNAs, lncRNAs and applications of the CRISPR-Cas technology in human and animals, this review essentially elaborates several strategies to overcome the challenges of applying the CRISPR-Cas technology in editing ncRNAs in plants and the future perspective of this field.
Simplified trellis decoder (1996)

A new simplified trellis decoder (STD) Viterbi-type algorithm is proposed for fast trellis decoding of rate K/K+1 binary convolutional codes. Viterbi algorithm (VA) computation is dominated by add-compare-select (ACS) operations when k/spl ges/2. The STD can substantially reduce the number of ACS operations and allow for a trade-off between the computational load and the performance of the decoder, The STD is analyzed and simulated for a four-dimensional (4-D) rate 4/5 64-state convolutional encoder specified by the ITU-T V.34 modem recommendation.
Liquid Crystal Tunable Metamaterial Absorber (2013)

We present an experimental demonstration of electronically tunable metamaterial absorbers in the terahertz regime. By incorporation of active liquid crystal into strategic locations within the metamaterial unit cell, we are able to modify the absorption by 30% at 2.62 THz, as well as tune the resonant absorption over 4% in bandwidth. Numerical full-wave simulations match well to experiments and clarify the underlying mechanism, i.e., a simultaneous tuning of both the electric and magnetic response that allows for the preservation of the resonant absorption. These results show that fundamental light interactions of surfaces can be dynamically controlled by all-electronic means and provide a path forward for realization of novel applications.
Synthesis and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship of Imidazotetrazine Prodrugs with Activity Independent of <i>O</i>6-Methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, DNA Mismatch Repair, and p53 (2013)

The antitumor prodrug temozolomide is compromised by its dependence for activity on DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and the repair of the chemosensitive DNA lesion, O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG), by O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (E.C. 2.1.1.63, MGMT). Tumor response is also dependent on wild-type p53. Novel 3-(2-anilinoethyl)-substituted imidazotetrazines are reported that have activity independent of MGMT, MMR, and p53. This is achieved through a switch of mechanism so that bioactivity derives from imidazotetrazine-generated arylaziridinium ions that principally modify guanine-N7 sites on DNA. Mono- and bifunctional analogues are reported, and a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study identified the p-tolyl-substituted bifunctional congener as optimized for potency, MGMT-independence, and MMR-independence. NCI60 data show the tumor cell response is distinct from other imidazotetrazines and DNA-guanine-N7 active agents such as nitrogen mustards and cisplatin. The new imidazotetrazine compounds are promising agents for further development, and their improved in vitro activity validates the principles on which they were designed.
Large-dose bleomycin therapy and pulmonary toxicity. A possible role of prior radiotherapy. (1976)

Bleomycin sulfate pulmonary toxicity was encountered in nine of 101 patients receiving high-dose therapy for widespread testicular cancer. The pulmonary presentation was separable into two categories: (1) an early or minimal from with dyspnea on exertion, minimal roentgenographic findings, and normal arterial partial pressure of oxygen at rest and (2) a severe form, with prominent roentgenographic findings and hypoxemia at rest. All five patients with the severe form died, while the remaining four patients with the minimal presentation recovered. Prior thoracic radiotherapy appeared to predispose to bleomycin pulmonary toxicity, as this complication developed in five of 12 patients receiving prior chest radiotherapy vs four of 89 not receiving radiotherapy (p less than .001). The fatality rate of 5% with high-dose bleomycin therapy is acceptable in view of the 75% response rate and substantially improved survival achieved with bleomycin combination chemotherapy in metastatic testicular cancer.
The presentation of health-related search results and its impact on negative emotional outcomes (2013)

Searching for health information online has become increasingly common, yet few studies have examined potential negative emotional effects of online health information search. We present results from an experiment manipulating the presentation of search results for common symptoms, which shows that the frequency and placement of serious illness mentions within results can influence perceptions of symptom severity and susceptibility of having the serious illness, respectively. The increase in severity and susceptibility can then lead to higher levels of negative emotional outcomes experienced--including feeling overwhelmed and frightened. Interestingly, health literacy can help reduce perceived symptom severity, and high online health experience actually increases the likelihood that individuals use a frequency-based heuristic. Technological implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitor on excessive sputum. (1991)

Indomethacin suppository and aspirin inhalation reduced the amounts of sputum in the patients with bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis. A 67-year-old woman with bronchiectasis received indomethacin suppository to relieve the lumbar pain. After the start of indomethacin, a reduction in the amount of sputum was observed and the volume of sputum returned to pretreatment levels after the cessation of indomethacin. Levels of cyclooxygenase products in the sputum during indomethacin was also much lower than their levels after discontinuance of indomethacin. A 64-year-old man with chronic bronchitis was also administered inhaled aspirin to control the sputum volume. Both indomethacin suppository and aspirin inhalation reduced the amounts of sputum. In addition to these cases, a 31-year-old woman with bronchial asthma was tried to control the sputum production with indomethacin, but it had no effect on the sputum volume. It is suggested that these drugs may be useful in the treatment of excessive sputum in bronchiectasis and chronic bronchitis.
Visual inspection scheme for use in optical solder joint inspection system (2002)

An optical solder joint inspection system (OSJIS) has been developed for the automatic visual inspection of soldered parts on the printed circuit boards. Its advantages over existing techniques include the detection of 3-D shape of specular objects with high reliability and high speed. We propose a solder joint inspection scheme for a prototype of the OSJIS. The inspection scheme is composed of two steps: feature extraction and classification. In the feature extraction step, by scanning a laser beam over the area of solder joints the system obtains two orientation curves representing the quality of soldering condition, and then nine features are extracted from the curves. In the classification step, a neural network classifies the solder joint according to the application requirements by using the features. Experiments were performed for SOP (small outline package)s and QFP (quad flat package)s in insufficient, normal and excess soldering condition. Based upon observation of the experimental results, the proposed inspection scheme shows excellent consistency with visual inspection and a good accuracy of classification performance of 94.2%.
Ordinal Measures for Iris Recognition (2008)

Images of a human iris contain rich texture information useful for identity authentication. A key and still open issue in iris recognition is how best to represent such textural information using a compact set of features (iris features). In this paper, we propose using ordinal measures for iris feature representation with the objective of characterizing qualitative relationships between iris regions rather than precise measurements of iris image structures. Such a representation may lose some image-specific information, but it achieves a good trade-off between distinctiveness and robustness. We show that ordinal measures are intrinsic features of iris patterns and largely invariant to illumination changes. Moreover, compactness and low computational complexity of ordinal measures enable highly efficient iris recognition. Ordinal measures are a general concept useful for image analysis and many variants can be derived for ordinal feature extraction. In this paper, we develop multilobe differential filters to compute ordinal measures with flexible intralobe and interlobe parameters such as location, scale, orientation, and distance. Experimental results on three public iris image databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ordinal feature models.
Molecular Characterization of Two Arabidopsis Ire1 Homologs, Endoplasmic Reticulum-Located Transmembrane Protein Kinases (2001)

A major response of eukaryotic cells to the presence of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is to activate genes that encode ER-located molecular chaperones, such as the binding protein. This response, called the unfolded protein response, requires the transduction of a signal from the ER to the nucleus. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and mammalian cells, an ER-located transmembrane receptor protein kinase/ribonuclease called Ire1, with a sensor domain in the lumen of the ER, is the first component of this pathway. Here, we report the cloning and derived amino acid sequences of AtIre1-1 and AtIre1-2, two Arabidopsis homologs of Ire1. The two proteins are located in the perinuclear ER (based on heterologous expression of fusions with green fluorescent protein). The expression patterns of the two genes (using beta-glucuronidase fusions) are nearly nonoverlapping. We also demonstrate functional complementation of the sensor domains of the two proteins in yeast and show that the Ire1-2 protein is capable of autotransphosphorylation. These and other findings are discussed in relation to the involvement of these genes in unfolded protein response signaling in plants.
S-buffer: Sparsity-aware Multi-fragment Rendering (2012)

This work introduces S-buffer, an efficient and memory-friendly gpu-accelerated A-buffer architecture for multifragment rendering. Memory is organized into variable contiguous regions for each pixel, thus avoiding limitations set in linked-lists and fixed-array techniques. S-buffer exploits fragment distribution for precise allocation of the needed storage and pixel sparsity (empty pixel ratio) for computing the memory offsets for each pixel in a parallel fashion. An experimental comparative evaluation of our technique over previous multi-fragment rendering approaches in terms of memory and performance is provided.
Complete myocardial revascularization with left heart bypass without oxygenator on the beating heart (1997)

Complete myocardial revascularization on the beating heart can be performed by using left heart bypass (LHBP) without using an oxygenerator safely in high risk patients.
Attomole Detection of <sup>3</sup>H in Biological Samples Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry:  Application in Low-Dose, Dual-Isotope Tracer Studies in Conjunction with <sup>14</sup>C Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (1998)

This is the first demonstration of the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) as a tool for the measurement of 3H with attomole (10(-18) mol) sensitivity in a biological study. AMS is an analytical technique for quantifying rare isotopes with high sensitivity and precision and has been most commonly used to measure 14C in both the geosciences and more recently in biomedical research. AMS measurement of serially diluted samples containing a 3H-labeled tracer showed a strong correlation with liquid scintillation counting. The mean coefficient of variation of 3H AMS based upon the analysis of separately prepared aliquots of these samples was 12%. The sensitivity for 3H detection in tissue, protein, and DNA was approximately 2-4 amol/mg of sample. This high sensitivity is comparable to detection limits for 14C-labeled carcinogens using 14C AMS and demonstrates the feasibility of 3H AMS for biomedical studies. One application of this technique is in low-dose, dual-isotope studies in conjunction with 14C AMS. We measured the levels of 3H-labeled 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 14C-labeled 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) in rat liver tissue and bound to liver DNA and protein 4.5 h following acute administration of individual or coadministered doses in the range of 4-5100 pmol/kg of body weight. Levels of PhIP and MeIQx in whole tissue and bound to liver protein were dose-dependent. MeIQx-protein and -DNA adduct levels were higher than PhIP adduct levels, which is consistent with their respective carcinogenicity in this organ. Coadministration of PhIP and MeIQx did not demonstrate any measurable synergistic effects compared to administration of these compounds individually. These studies demonstrate the application of AMS for the low-level detection of 3H in small biological samples and for its use in conjunction with 14C AMS for dual-labeling studies.