gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Analysis of factors relevant to the immunotherapy of human cancer (1985)

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells can be generated by incubating fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in Interleukin-2 (IL-2). LAK cells kill fresh autologous and allogeneic human tumor cells in vitro. This study analyzes aspects of LAK cells that make them a promising candidate for the adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer. LAK cells can be generated from PBL of normal individuals and tumor-bearing patients. Pure, recombinant IL-2 generates LAK cells capable of killing a wide variety of tumors including sarcomas and cancers of the colon, pancreas, adrenal gland, and esophagus. Thirty-six of 41 (88%) fresh, noncultured, human tumor cell suspensions prepared from surgical specimens were lysed by LAK cells in a standard 4-hour chromium-release assay. Normal PBL were not killed. LAK cells can be expanded in vitro for periods longer than 2 months, potentially more than 10(20)-fold, while maintaining lytic ability. These results and the demonstrated efficacy of LAK cells in the therapy of murine tumors make LAK cells a candidate for clinical use in the adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer.
A video compression scheme with optimal bit allocation between displacement vector field and displaced frame difference (2002)

We address the fundamental problem of optimally splitting a video sequence into two sources of information, the displaced frame difference (DFD) and the displacement vector field (DVF). We first consider the case of a lossless motion compensated video coder (MCVC) and derive a general dynamic programming (DP) formulation which results in an optimal tradeoff between the DVF and the DFD. We then consider the more important case of a lossy MCVC and present an algorithm which solves optimally the bit allocation between the rate and the distortion. This algorithm is based on Lagrangian relaxation and the DP approach introduced for the lossless MCVC. We then present an H.263-based MCVC which uses the proposed optimal bit allocation scheme and compare its results to H.263. As expected, the proposed coder is superior in the rate-distortion sense.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pro‐Xylane: A New Biologically Active C‐Glycoside in Aqueous Media. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human CD4 + T Cell Responses to an Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Parallel Those Induced by Natural Infection in Magnitude, HLA Restriction, and Antigen Specificity (2016)

Dengue virus (DENV) is responsible for growing numbers of infections worldwide and has proven to be a significant challenge for vaccine development. We previously demonstrated that CD8+ T cell responses elicited by a dengue live attenuated virus (DLAV) vaccine resemble those observed after natural infection. In this study, we screened peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from donors vaccinated with a tetravalent DLAV vaccine (TV005) with pools of dengue virus-derived predicted major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II binding peptides. The definition of CD4+ T cell responses after live vaccination is important because CD4+ T cells are known contributors to host immunity, including cytokine production, help for CD8+ T and B cells, and direct cytotoxicity against infected cells. While responses to all antigens were observed, DENV-specific CD4+ T cells were focused predominantly on the capsid and nonstructural NS3 and NS5 antigens. Importantly, CD4+ T cell responses in vaccinees were similar in magnitude and breadth to those after natural infection, recognized the same antigen hierarchy, and had similar profiles of HLA restriction. We conclude that TV005 vaccination has the capacity to elicit CD4+ cell responses closely mirroring those observed in a population associated with natural immunity.
CT based prostate cancer patient-specific transperineal ultrasound probe setups for image guided radiotherapy (2017)

Radiotherapy aims at irradiating tumor tissue, while sparing normal tissue as much as possible and it is a suitable treatment option for prostate cancer. A crucial aspect of the radiotherapy workflow is patient positioning. It has been shown that frequent imaging during the course of the treatment (image guided radiotherapy) can improve this positioning accuracy. Despite the many advantages of ultrasound imaging (high soft tissue contrast, 4D imaging, etc.) its use in image guided radiotherapy workflows is not widespread. This can be primarily attributed to the need for a trained operator during image acquisition. In this study, patient-specific transperineal ultrasound probe setups were automatically calculated based on CT scans of prostate cancer patients. These setups seem to meet clinical requirements and their use can potentially minimize operator dependence and improve usability for relatively untrained operators. In the end, this could allow patients to fully benefit from the unique characteristics of this imaging modality.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A WESTERN IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO PORCINE ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS1 (1999)

As this assay is based on PERV antigen derived from infected human cells, it clearly has the capacity to detect a serologic response towards PERV variants that have zoonotic potential and will allow for the accurate determination of PERV-specific seroreactivity in porcine xenograft recipients.
<title>Femtosecond broadband infrared dual-beam spectroscopy of metal-carbonyl photochemistry</title> (1994)

A novel spectroscopic method incorporating solid-state broadband infrared down and upconversion with 400fs time resolution is described. Broadband (120 cnf1 FWHM) infrared (IR) pulses near S microns are differencefrequency generated from two 20 Hz Nd3:YAG regeneratively amplified synchronously-pumped dye lasers. IRpulses are beamsplit and propagated through a flowing sample with one IR probe beam spatially overlapped bya UV pump beam. Both IR beams are upconverted in Li[03 producing two yellow beams that are spectrallydispersed onto a CCD. Reference and probe tracks are divided on each shot yielding transient differenceabsorption spectra (4 cm1 resolution, baseline OD = (la)) over the entire IR bandwidth 8000 shots)
Extending RD-OPT with global thresholding for JPEG optimization (2002)

In this paper, the RD-OPT algorithm for optimizing discrete cosine transform quantization tables [Ratnakar and Livny, 1995] is extended to incorporate global thresholding. Performance gains are possible by zeroing off some DCT coefficients in DCT-based image compression. We describe a global thresholding scheme, in which the zeroing thresholds for coefficients can be arbitrarily different from those determined by the quantization table. Unlike local thresholding [Crouse and Ramchandran, 1995], the zeroing decisions are not made separately for each image block. This simplifies the use of thresholding, is easier to optimize and is almost as effective as local thresholding.
Reinforcement Learning with Probabilistic Guarantees for Autonomous Driving (2019)

Designing reliable decision strategies for autonomous urban driving is challenging. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been used to automatically derive suitable behavior in uncertain environments, but it does not provide any guarantee on the performance of the resulting policy. We propose a generic approach to enforce probabilistic guarantees on an RL agent. An exploration strategy is derived prior to training that constrains the agent to choose among actions that satisfy a desired probabilistic specification expressed with linear temporal logic (LTL). Reducing the search space to policies satisfying the LTL formula helps training and simplifies reward design. This paper outlines a case study of an intersection scenario involving multiple traffic participants. The resulting policy outperforms a rule-based heuristic approach in terms of efficiency while exhibiting strong guarantees on safety.
A NOVEL PROCESS FOR RARE EARTH-IRON-BORON PERMANENT MAGNETS PREPARATION (1988)

A novel process for permanent magnets fabrication is described : low cost and good energy products are achieved by hot-working cast ingot of NdFeB alloys. Magnetic characterization and microstructural observation reveal that the coercivity mechanisms are essentially similar to those observed in sintered magnets.
Reduction of intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous primate (Aotus trivirgatus) eyes by topically applied prostaglandin F<sub>2α</sub> (1981)

Topical application of a single dose of 1.0 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) onto the cornea of five trained owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) caused a prolonged and highly significant ocular hypotony. The intraocular pressure (IOP) of the treated eye was 4.7 +/- 0.9 mm Hg below that of the control eye 18 to 24 hr after PGF2 alpha application and remained significantly reduced for over 72 hr. Miosis, aqueous flare, and accumulation of cells in the anterior chamber were minimal in extent. The hypotensive effect of PGF2 alpha was even more pronounced when applied to a glaucomatous owl monkey eye with angle recession, which had IOPs consistently in the 45 to 55 mm Hg range (mean: 47.2 +/- 0.7) as measured periodically over a one-year period. The application of a single dose of 1.0 mg of PGF2 alpha to this hypertensive eye reduced IOP by over 25 mm Hg within 4 hr, with a relative hypotony lasting for at least 6 days. These results show that topical application of certain PGs to normotensive or hypertensive primate eyes can cause a long lasting and highly significant decrease in IOP, and suggest that prostaglandins or their analogues may aid in the therapeutic control of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
Speaker adaptation of tied-mixture-based phoneme models for text-prompted speaker recognition (2002)

Speaker adaptation methods for tied-mixture-based phoneme models are investigated for text-prompted speaker recognition. For this type of speaker recognition, speaker-specific phoneme models are essential for verifying both the key text and the speaker. This paper proposes a new method of creating speaker-specific phoneme models. This uses speaker-independent (universal) phoneme models consisting of tied-mixture HMMs and adapts the feature space of the tied-mixtures to that of the speaker through phoneme-dependent/independent iterative training. Therefore, it can adapt models of phonemes that have a small amount of training data to the speaker. The proposed method was tested using 15 speakers' voices recorded over 10 months and achieved a speaker and text verification rate of 99.4% even when both the voices of different speakers and different texts uttered by the true speaker were to be rejected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An automated enzymatic method for measurement of D-arabinitol, a metabolite of pathogenic Candida species (1994)

An automated enzymatic method was developed for the measurement of D-arabinitol in human serum. The assay is based on a novel, highly specific D-arabinitol dehydrogenase from Candida tropicalis. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of D-arabinitol to D-ribulose and the concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. The NADH produced is used in a second reaction to reduce p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT) to INT-formazan, which is measured spectrophotometrically. The entire reaction sequence can be performed automatically on a COBAS MIRA-S clinical chemistry analyzer (Roche Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Montclair, N.J.). Replicate analyses of human sera supplemented with D-arabinitol over a concentration range of 0 to 40 microM demonstrated that the pentitol could be measured with an accuracy of +/- 7% and a precision (standard deviation) of +/- 0.4 microM. Serum D-arabinitol measurements correlated with those determined by gas chromatography (r = 0.94). The enzymatic method is unaffected by L-arabinitol, D-mannitol, or other polyols commonly found in human serum. Any of 17 therapeutic drugs potentially present in serum did not significantly influence assay performance. Data illustrating the application of the assay in patients for possible diagnosis of invasive candidiasis and the monitoring of therapeutic intervention are presented. The automated assay described here was developed to facilitate the investigation of D-arabinitol as a serum marker for invasive Candida infections.
Synchronization of mammalian circadian rhythms by melatonin. (1986)

While pinealectomy (Px) has little effect on mammalian circadian rhythms, daily injections of the pineal hormone melatonin in rats have profound effects. These can be classified according to their effects under three categories of desynchronization: external desynchronization, internal desynchronization and phase-shift of the zeitgeber (Aschoff, 1969). Externally desynchronized rats, free-running in constant darkness (DD), can be entrained to a 24-hour regime of melatonin injection. Entrainment depends upon the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) since lesions to the SCN prevent it. Although no animal model for internal desynchronization exists, rats whose circadian rhythms are disrupted or arrhythmic in constant light (LL) are synchronized by daily melatonin injection, and the rate and direction of responses to phase-shift of the zeitgeber can be altered with daily melatonin administration. These and other results suggest melatonin may be useful therapeutically for such human desynchronizations as jet-lag and shiftwork, and preliminary data using human subjects are presented.
A regression framework for learning ranking functions using relative relevance judgments (2007)

Effective ranking functions are an essential part of commercial search engines. We focus on developing a regression framework for learning ranking functions for improving relevance of search engines serving diverse streams of user queries. We explore supervised learning methodology from machine learning, and we distinguish two types of relevance judgments used as the training data: 1) absolute relevance judgments arising from explicit labeling of search results; and 2) relative relevance judgments extracted from user click throughs of search results or converted from the absolute relevance judgments. We propose a novel optimization framework emphasizing the use of relative relevance judgments. The main contribution is the development of an algorithm based on regression that can be applied to objective functions involving preference data, i.e., data indicating that a document is more relevant than another with respect to a query. Experimental results are carried out using data sets obtained from a commercial search engine. Our results show significant improvements of our proposed methods over some existing methods.
Intelligent and Data-Driven Fault Detection of Photovoltaic Plants (2021)

Most photovoltaic (PV) plants conduct operation and maintenance (O&M) by periodical inspection and cleaning. Such O&M is costly and inefficient. It fails to detect system faults in time, thus causing heavy loss. To ensure their operations are at an ideal state, this work proposes an unsupervised method for intelligent performance evaluation and data-driven fault detection, which enables engineers to check PV panels in time and implement timely maintenance. It classifies monitoring data into three subsets: ideal period A, transition period S, and downturn period B. Based on A and B datasets, we build two non-continuous regression prediction models, which are based on a tree ensemble algorithm and then modified to fit the non-continuous characteristic of PV data. We compare real-time measured power with both upper and lower reference baselines derived from two predictive models. By calculating their threshold ranges, the proposed method achieves the instantaneous performance monitoring of PV power generation and provides failure identification and O&M suggestions to engineers. It has been assessed on a 6.95 MW PV plant. Its evaluation results indicate that it is able to accurately determine different functioning states and detect both direct and indirect faults in a PV system, thereby achieving intelligent data-driven maintenance.
Combined adaptive pulse compression and adaptive beamforming for multistatic shared-spectrum radar (2006)

In this paper we present a method to reduce the interference between shared spectrum multistatic radars by performing joint adaptive pulse compression (APC) in conjunction with adaptive beamforming. A recently proposed algorithm based on a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) formulation, Multistatic Adaptive Pulse Compression (MAPC) [1]-[3] has been shown to successfully suppress both range sidelobes and interference from multiple radars operating in the same spectrum. Here, we combine an adaptive beamforming component with the MAPC algorithm to enable further mutual interference suppression and hence better estimation performance such that the number of multistatic radars simultaneously operating in the same spectrum may be increased for the same mean-square estimation error.
An Unbiased Approach To Identify Endogenous Substrates of “Histone” Deacetylase 8 (2014)

Despite being extensively characterized structurally and biochemically, the functional role of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) has remained largely obscure due in part to a lack of known cellular substrates. Herein, we describe an unbiased approach using chemical tools in conjunction with sophisticated proteomics methods to identify novel non-histone nuclear substrates of HDAC8, including the tumor suppressor ARID1A. These newly discovered substrates of HDAC8 are involved in diverse biological processes including mitosis, transcription, chromatin remodeling, and RNA splicing and may help guide therapeutic strategies that target the function of HDAC8.
Synthesis of Natural Ecteinascidins (ET-729, ET-745, ET-759B, ET-736, ET-637, ET-594) from Cyanosafracin B (2003)

The semisynthetic process initially described for the synthesis of 1 (ET-743) has been extended to the preparation of other natural ecteinascidins. For the synthesis of 2 (ET-729) a demethylation of a N-Me intermediate was carried out by a selective oxidation with MCPBA. Other natural ecteinascidins (ET-745, ET-759B, ET-736, ET-637, ET-594) were accessible from key intermediate 25. The described methodologies allow for the preparation of a wide variety of ecteinascidins by procedures that can be easily scaled up.
A novel non-diffractive reconstruction method for digital holographic microscopy (2003)

We present a new method for reconstructing digitally recorded off-axis Fresnel holograms. Currently-used reconstruction methods are based on the simulation and propagation of a reference wave that is diffracted by the hologram. This procedure introduces a twin-image and a zero-order term which are inherent to the diffraction phenomenon. These terms perturb the reconstruction and limit the field of view. Our new approach splits the reconstruction process into two parts. First, we recover the amplitude and the phase in the camera plane from the measured hologram intensity. Our algorithm is based on the hypothesis of a slowly varying object wave which interferes with a more rapidly varying reference wave. In a second step, we propagate this complex wave to refocus it using the Fresnel transform. We therefore avoid the presence of the twin-image and zero-order interference terms. This new approach is flexible and can be adapted easily to complicated experimental setups. We demonstrate its feasibility in the case of digital holographic microscopy and present results for the imaging of living neurons.
Optimal auction for the deregulated electricity market using augmented lagrangian and surrogate optimization (2005)

Deregulated electricity markets use a market clearing price (MCP) auction mechanism to pay market participants for energy and ancillary service products. Currently most independent system operators (ISO's) determine MCP's by using a traditional unit commitment approach that minimizes the offered costs. This is not appropriate because the costs minimized are not the purchase costs to be paid by customers. How to correctly set the MCP's is an open and challenging issue, and no solution has yet been reported in the literature. This paper presents an effective method to solve the new pay-at-MCP problem. In view of the specific features of the new problem including the nonseparability of the objective function and the discontinuity of offer curves, the standard Lagrangian relaxation technique cannot be applied. Our key idea is to use the augmented Lagrangian relaxation approach, but to form and solve MCP and offer subproblems by using an advanced surrogate optimization framework. Potential pitfalls and intricacies of our method are intuitively illustrated. Numerical testing results demonstrate that the method is effective, and the resulting costs are significantly lower than what are obtained by using the unit commitment approach.
Detecting Arcing Events in Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment (2013)

Bi-polar arcs require a high voltage difference between two closely spaced points. As an example, if there is excessive deposition or contamination on the deposition and or cover ring in a physical vapor deposition tool (PVD) tool, a DC bipolar arc can occur leading to ablation of underlying materials, wafer breakage, or chamber damage caused by the discharge. In some cases these incidents are not identified until numerous wafers have been processed. Therefore, it is essential to identify arcing at the time of the event. In this paper, we address arc detection in a PVD chamber. The electrostatic chuck (ESC) critical parameter(s) are captured with 1000 Hz sampling frequency and signal processing techniques such as FFT and wavelet transforms are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio enhancing the ability to isolate arcs from raw data. This methodology can be implemented on other plasma chamber types.
Spectral logic gates for byte-wide WDM signal processing (2003)

We propose a new class of all-optical logic gates based on four-wave mixing, designed to operate on multiwavelength input signals. We demonstrate the XOR function with two 2.5-Gbit/s modulated input signals.
<sup>18</sup>F-Fluorobenzoate–Labeled Cystine Knot Peptides for PET Imaging of Integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub> (2013)

These cystine knot peptide tracers, in particular (18)F-fluorobenzoate-R01, show translational promise for molecular imaging of integrin αvβ6 overexpression in pancreatic and other cancers.
Experimental demonstration of optical parametric chirped pulse amplification in optical fiber (2010)

We experimentally demonstrate optical parametric chirped pulse amplification for the first time (to our knowledge) in a completely integrated all-fiber optical system. A single chirped fiber Bragg grating, achieving both the stretching and compression stages, is combined with a cw-pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate the amplification of picosecond Fourier-transform-limited pulses at 1550nm.