gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear optimization models with integer solutions for ping control problems in multistatic active acoustic networks (2012)

The typical ping control objective for a multistatic network is to optimize a sonar performance metric within a search area over the mission scenario time horizon subject to available ping energy at sources. Assuming sonar performance models and near real-time multistatic target trackers are available, sonar performance metric predictions for near-future time window can be obtained. However, for Anti-Submarine Warfare applications, it is not realistic to accurately predict performance metrics involving an unknown number of evasive targets over a long scenario time horizon. Therefore, effective and efficient ping control methods must consider effective strategies to obtain desired performance over the spectrum of operational objectives and time frames. In this paper, we develop four integer-linear goal programming models to provide intelligent ping control decisions for various operational modes that depend on remaining ping energy and remaining scenario time. We incorporate the multiple objectives of: maximizing the sonar performance metric, judicious use of energy-limited sources and maintaining a certain level of ping activity. We show that the constraint matrix of each relaxed linear model possesses the total unimodularity property, guaranteeing optimal integer ping control solutions. Therefore, computationally efficient linear programming methods can be used in the implementation of these models. We simulate multiple operational scenarios and demonstrate the properties of the resulting ping strategies in terms of the performance metric and individual source and network lifetime. Results are compared to the baseline ping strategy, which considers the sonar performance metric alone.
Silicon carbide for RF MEMS (2003)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is an excellent candidate for use in next generation RF MEMS devices such as microfabricated switches, micromechanical resonators, and filters. SiC is characterized by a wide bandgap, high acoustic velocity, high thermal conductivity, high electrical breakdown strength, and low chemical reactivity. These material properties lead to potential improvements in operating frequency, power handling capability, and reliability for such devices relative to their silicon counterparts. Furthermore, film deposition and micromachining techniques for SiC have been developed which leverage established tools and processes found in silicon-based microfabrication facilities, thereby demonstrating SiC as a commercially viable microsystem material. This paper presents recent performance results from SiC-based RF MEMS components.
A coded and shaped discrete multitone system (1995)

Shows how coding and constellation shaping may provide significant gains to a discrete multitone (DMT) system transmitting over spectrally-shaped channels. First, the authors present and analyze a concatenated coding scheme consisting of an inner trellis code and outer block code when applied to DMT modulation, and address some of the implementation issues associated with this scheme. Some laboratory test results for a DMT prototype employing the coding scheme are presented. Next, they propose a method for applying Forney's trellis shaper across the tones in a DMT system to realize significant shaping gain. To illustrate the coding and shaping gains achieved, they use scenarios indicative of the newly introduced asymmetric digital subscriber line service. By combining a powerful coding scheme, shaping, and DMT modulation, they arrive at an implementable transceiver that can provide very high data rates over spectrally-shaped channels.
Plasma Etch Processes for Embedded FRAM Integration (2003)

We describe the etch processes used for integration of embedded ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) within a standard CMOS logic flow. The ferroelectric module is inserted following front-end contact formation and prior to backend integration using only two additional mask levels: capacitor pattern and bi-level via pattern. The single-mask stack etch process employs a TiAlN hardmask to define Ir/IrOx/PZT/IrOx/Ir capacitors. Protective sidewalls can be formed using an etchback process. The bi-level via etch and subsequent metal fill processes complete the FRAM module formation. Functional 4 MB arrays embedded with 5 levels of Cu/FSG integration have been demonstrated.
Methods for job configuration in semiconductor manufacturing (1996)

Job configuration in semiconductor manufacturing refers to the process of configuring silicon wafers in terms of chip types and volumes, organizing collections of wafers into jobs, and determining the volume of jobs to be released into the production line. The difficulties of job configuration lie in the random yield loss, the numerous technological constraints, and the rigid set serviceability requirement (i.e., demand must be met in terms of all chip types). Motivated by the configuration problems in the "early-user hardware" development programs at some IBM plants, we develop here a systematic approach to job configuration. The centerpiece of the approach is a careful treatment of the set serviceability constraint, in terms of both probability and expectation. It solves the job configuration problem as separable convex programs using marginal allocation algorithms. Through numerical examples, we demonstrate that by allowing diversity of chip types at either the job- or the wafer-level, higher serviceability can be achieved using fewer wafers.
Laser-micromachined and laminated microfluidic components for miniaturized thermal, chemical, and biological systems (1999)

Microchannel microfluidic components are being developed for heat transfer, chemical reactor, chemical analysis, and biological analytical applications. Specific applications include chemical sensing, DNA replication, blood analysis, capillary electrophoresis, fuel cell reactors, high temperature chemical reactors, heat pumps, combustors, and fuel processors. Two general types of component architectures have been developed and the fabrication processes defined. All involve a lamination scheme using plastic, ceramic, or metal laminates, as opposed to planar components. The first type is a stacked architecture that utilizes functionality built in each layer, with fluid flow interconnects between layers. Each layer of the laminate has specific microchannel geometry, and performs a specific function. Polymeric materials are used primarily. Fabrication processes used are laser micromachining, wet and dry etching, and coating deposition. the laminates can also be micromolded plastics. The second architecture employs laminates to form internal microchannels and interconnects. Materials include ceramic tapes and high temperature metals. Catalysts can be placed in the microchannels. Fabrication processes used are diffusion bonding, ceramic bonding and firing, photochemical etching, and electrochemical micromachining. Bonding, thus sealing, the laminates is an important issue. Process conditions have been develop to reduce distortion of the laminates and to hermetically seal the components.
Synchronous disturbance compensation in active magnetic bearings using bias current excitation (2002)

This paper proposes a new approach for simultaneous compensation of two synchronous periodic disturbances in active magnetic bearings; sensor runout and mass unbalance. Using Lyapunov's method, a novel adaptive algorithm is developed to uniquely determine the harmonic components of both disturbances and guarantee asymptotic stability of the rotor geometric center about the origin. By varying magnetic stiffness through excitation of the bias currents, the system achieves a persistently exciting condition that ensures exponential convergence of estimated parameters to the true values. The algorithm is superior to existing techniques since the identification process can be performed without changing rotor angular speed. Both simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
The sensor web : A new instrument concept (2001)

The confluence of the rapidly expanding sensor, computation, and telecommunication industries has allowed for a new instrument concept: the Sensor Web. A Sensor Web consists of intra-communicating, spatially-distributed sensor pods that are deployed to monitor and explore environments. It is capable of automated reasoning for it can perform intelligent autonomous operations in uncertain environments, respond to changing environmental conditions, and carry out automated diagnosis and recovery. Sensor Webs could have as much an impact on the uses of sensors as the Internet did on the uses of computers. Sensor Webs are often confused with “distributed sensors ” or “sensor networks”. The unique feature of the Sensor Web is that information gathered by one pod is shared and used by other pods. In contrast, sensor networks merely gather data and information gathered by a particular pod on such a network does not influence the behavior of another pod. Thus, sensor networks collect data while Sensor Webs can react and modify their behavior on the basis of the collected data. This paper will outline the potential of the Sensor Web concept and describe the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Sensor Webs
Leakage Detection Techniques Using Nearfield Acoustic Holography (2014)

This paper attempts to explore the possibilities of using various methods of nearfield acoustic holography (NAH) to detect the air/sound leakages from a container by locating the noise sources. The detection capabilities of three different NAH methods are compared. An acoustic source is placed inside the container and the hologram measurement is performed near the surface of the container. The NAH methods are applied on the hologram data to detect and quantify the leakage locations. Reconstructed acoustic pressure and particle velocity results are presented. NAH algorithms are found to work better for the higher input frequency cases. Tikhonov regularization is used to alleviate the singularity in the transformation matrices. However, generalized cross validation over-predicts the Tikhonov parameter for the present geometry. The resolution limitations of the NAH methods with respect to the hologram distance are addressed.
Analysis of arterial subtrees affected by pulmonary emboli (2004)

Although Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is one of the most common causes of unexpected death in the U.S., it may also be one of the most preventable. Images acquired from 16-slice Computed Tomography (CT) machines of contrast-injected patients provide sufficient resolution for the localization and analysis of emboli located in segmental and sub-segmental arteries. After a PE is found, it is difficult to assess the local characteristics of the affected arterial tree without automation. We propose a method to compute characteristics of the local arterial tree given the location of a PE. The computed information localizes the portion of the arterial tree that is affected by the embolism. Our method is based on the segmentation of the arteries and veins followed by a localized tree computation at the given site. The method determines bifurcation points and the remaining arterial tree. A preliminary segmentation method is also demonstrated to locally eliminate over-segmentation of the arterial tree. The final result can then be used assess the affected lung volume and arterial supply. Initial tests revealed a good ability to compute local tree characteristics of selected sites.
New Cytotoxic Salinosporamides from the Marine Actinomycete <i>Salinispora</i> <i>t</i><i>ropica</i> (2005)

An extensive study of the secondary metabolites produced by the obligate marine actinomycete Salinispora tropica (strain CNB-392), the producing microbe of the potent proteasome inhibitor salinosporamide A (1), has led to the isolation of seven related gamma-lactams. The most important of these compounds were salinosporamide B (3), which is the deschloro-analogue of 1, and salinosporamide C (4), which is a decarboxylated pyrrole analogue. New SAR data for all eight compounds, derived from extensive testing against the human colon carcinoma HCT-116 and the 60-cell-line panel at the NCI, indicate that the chloroethyl moiety plays a major role in the enhanced activity of 1.
How microRNAs facilitate reprogramming to pluripotency (2012)

The ability to generate pluripotent stem cells from a variety of cell and tissue sources through the ectopic expression of a specific set of transcription factors has revolutionized regenerative biology. The development of this reprogramming technology not only makes it possible to perform basic research on human stem cells that do not have to be derived from embryos, but also allows patient-specific cells and tissues to be generated for therapeutic use. Optimizing this process will probably lead to a better and more efficient means of generating pluripotent stem cells. Here, we discuss recent findings that show that, in addition to transcription factors, microRNAs can promote pluripotent reprogramming and can even substitute for these pluripotency transcription factors in some cases. Taking into consideration that microRNAs have the potential to be used as small-molecule therapeutics, such findings open new possibilities for both pluripotent stem cell reprogramming and the reprogramming of cells into other cell lineages.
&#945;2-Antiplasmin: Potential Therapeutic Roles in Fibrin Survival and Removal (2004)

Alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2AP) is the primary inhibitor of plasmin, a proteinase that digests fibrin, the main component of blood clots. Two forms of alpha2AP circulate in human plasma: a 464-residue protein with methionine as the amino-terminus (Met-alpha2AP) and an N-terminally-shortened 452-residue form with asparagine as the amino-terminus (Asn-alpha2AP). Human plasma alpha2AP concentration is 1 micro M and consists of approximately 30% Met-alpha2AP and approximately 70% Asn-alpha2AP. The major form (Asn-alpha2AP) is rapidly crosslinked to fibrin during blood clotting by activated coagulation factor XIII and as a consequence, fibrin becomes more resistant to fibrinolysis. It is apparent that alpha2AP is important in modulating the effectiveness and persistence of fibrin with respect to its susceptibility to digestion and removal by plasmin. Hence, the physiologic role of alpha2AP suggests that it may be a useful target for developing more effective treatment of thrombotic diseases. Research on alpha2AP appears to be moving in two main directions: (1) efforts to use variant forms of alpha2AP to reduce bleeding secondary to thrombolytic therapy while not slowing thrombolysis; and (2) efforts to use variant forms to diminish the activity of alpha2AP as a plasmin inhibitor so that fibrinolysis becomes enhanced. Methods to accomplish these two goals mostly involve manipulation of defined functional domains within the molecular structure of alpha2AP, or inhibition of a newly described novel plasma proteinase, termed antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme, that generates the more favorable form of alpha2AP, Asn-alpha2AP, for crosslinking to fibrin. The antiplasmin-cleaving enzyme has similarity in primary structure and catalytic properties to fibroblast activation protein/seprase. This review summarizes recent studies that may hold promise for modulating alpha2AP activity and its interactions with certain proteins as new therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating thrombotic disorders.
Isolation and Characterization of Unusual Bacterial Amylases (1979)

Abstract The thermoacidophilic amylases produced by Bacillus acidocaldarius strains have very acid pH optima as expected but the temperature optima are not much higher than that of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens which is a mesophile and they are not as high as that of Bacillus licheniformis which is a facultative thermophile. Alkaline amylases produced by Bacillus alcalophilus subsp. halodurans strains which are insensitive to sequestering agents and stable at high temperatures, expand the range of potential amylase uses to conditions of high alkalinity. Comparison of the pH and temperature profiles of different Bacillus species amylases demonstrates that amylases have evolved in a single genus in such a way that they can function optimally at almost any pH value and temperature. The properties of these amylases reflect extensive microbial adaptation and demonstrate the wide variety of enzymes potentially available for biochemical processing.
Mechanism and uses of a membrane peptide that targets tumors and other acidic tissues <i>in vivo</i> (2007)

The pH-selective insertion and folding of a membrane peptide, pHLIP [pH (low) insertion peptide], can be used to target acidic tissue in vivo, including acidic foci in tumors, kidneys, and inflammatory sites. In a mouse breast adenocarcinoma model, fluorescently labeled pHLIP finds solid acidic tumors with high accuracy and accumulates in them even at a very early stage of tumor development. The fluorescence signal is stable for >4 days and is approximately five times higher in tumors than in healthy counterpart tissue. In a rat antigen-induced arthritis model, pHLIP preferentially accumulates in inflammatory foci. pHLIP also maps the renal cortical interstitium; however, kidney accumulation can be reduced significantly by providing mice with bicarbonate-containing drinking water. The peptide has three states: soluble in water, bound to the surface of a membrane, and inserted across the membrane as an alpha-helix. At physiological pH, the equilibrium is toward water, which explains its low affinity for cells in healthy tissue; at acidic pH, titration of Asp residues shifts the equilibrium toward membrane insertion and tissue accumulation. The replacement of two key Asp residues located in the transmembrane part of pHLIP by Lys or Asn led to the loss of pH-sensitive insertion into membranes of liposomes, red blood cells, and cancer cells in vivo, as well as to the loss of specific accumulation in tumors. pHLIP nanotechnology introduces a new method of detecting, targeting, and possibly treating acidic diseased tissue by using the selective insertion and folding of membrane peptides.
Multitouch Gestures for Constrained Transformation of 3D Objects (2011)

3D transformation widgets allow constrained manipulations of 3D objects and are commonly used in many 3D applications for fine-grained manipulations. Since traditional transformation widgets have been mainly designed for mouse-based systems, they are not user friendly for multitouch screens. There is little research on how to use the extra input bandwidth of multitouch screens to ease constrained transformation of 3D objects. This paper presents a small set of multitouch gestures which offers a seamless control of manipulation constraints (i.e., axis or plane) and modes (i.e., translation, rotation or scaling). Our technique does not require any complex manipulation widgets but candidate axes, which are for visualization rather than direct manipulation. Such design not only minimizes visual clutter but also tolerates imprecise touch-based inputs. To further expand our axis-based interaction vocabulary, we introduce intuitive touch gestures for relative manipulations, including snapping and borrowing axes of another object. A preliminary evaluation shows that our technique is more effective than a direct adaption of standard transformation widgets to the tactile paradigm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Q-Switching Of Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers (1988)

Q-switching of diode-pumped Nd:YAG and Nd:YLF at 1.064, 1.047, and 1.321 microns is discussed. Single frequency versions have also been demonstrated. A simple 3 longitudinal mode rate-equation model is used to predict pulse stability. Wavelength extension by frequency doubling and fiberoptic Raman shifting is discussed, and several applications are described.
Test results of high temperature superconductor current lead at 14.5 kA operation (1999)

High temperature superconductor (HTS) current leads have been developed for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) magnet system, which are required not only to reduce the lead heat leak but also to maintain safety in a fault condition. A pair of 10-kA class HTS current leads was fabricated and tested. The lead consists of a copper part and an HTS part. The HTS part is composed of 192 Bi-2223 silver-alloy sheathed tapes in a cylindrical array on a stainless steel tube. Thermal performance and stability were tested. The current leads could carry up to 14.5 kA by placing magnetic materials between the HTS elements, which were installed to reduce the perpendicular magnetic field in the HTS elements.
Application of Aluminum Foam for Stress-Wave Management in Lightweight Composite Integral Armor (2001)

Abstract : Closed-cell aluminum foam offers a unique combination of properties such as low density, high stiffness, strength, and energy absorption that can be tailored through design of the microstructure. During ballistic impact, the foam exhibits significant nonlinear deformation and stress-wave attenuation. Composite structural armor panels containing closed-cell aluminum foam are impacted with 20-mm fragment-simulating projectiles (FSP). One-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis (FEA) of stress-wave propagation is performed to understand the dynamic response and deformation mechanisms. The FEA results correlate well with the experimental observation that aluminum foam can delay and attenuate stress waves. It is identified that the aluminum foam transmits an insignificant amount of stress pulse before complete densification. The ballistic performance of aluminum foam-based composite integral armor is compared with the base-line integral armor of equivalent areal density by impacting panels with 20-mm FSP. A comparative damage study reveals that the aluminum-foam armor has better and finer ceramic fracture and less volumetric delamination of the composite backing plate as compared to the base line. The aluminum-foam armors also showed less dynamic deflection of the backing plate than the base line. These attributes of the aluminum foam in integral armor system add a new dimension in the design of lightweight armor for the future armored vehicles.
A method for automatically building and evaluating dictionary resources (2002)

This paper describes a method toward automatically building dictionaries from text. We present DEFINDER, a rule-based system for extraction of definitions from on-line consumer-oriented medical articles. We provide an extensive evaluation on three dimensions: i) performance of the definition extraction technique in terms of precision and recall, ii) quality of the built dictionary as judged both by specialists and lay users, iii) coverage of existing on-line dictionaries. The corpus we used for the study is publicly available. A major contribution of the paper is the range of quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods.
Enzymes for Wool Fiber Modification (1998)

With the aid of enzymes and combined processes handle, dyeability and degree of whiteness of wool were improved and the feltability was reduced. The molecular origin of these effects was studied by monitoring the wool protein pattern using gel electrophoresis. It was deduced that among others also peptide bonds in the intermediate filaments are cleaved by the enzyme catalytic action. Changes in wool morphology were documented by using TEM. By the protease catalytic effect the cell membrane complex is modified and the endocuticle of wool is removed.