gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on the Robustness of a Neural Network Model for Gross Weight Estimation of Tiltrotor Aircraft (2005)

The objective of this study is to investigate the robustness of a neural network model for gross weight estimation of a tiltrotor aircraft in both airplane and helicopter modes. To overcome the limitations in available flight test data for training and validating a neural network model, the Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Dynamics II (CAMRAD II) analysis program was used to simulate various flight conditions for a generic tiltrotor aircraft. A total of 315 different flight conditions in airplane mode and 330 different flight conditions in helicopter mode were simulated. An equilibrium solution for each flight condition was achieved by CAMRAD II through adjusting power settings, aircraft states, control surface deflections and rotor controls. Two comprehensive databases were created with parameters required for aircraft trim; one for the airplane mode and one for the helicopter mode. The training and validation datasets were selected randomly from these databases and are exclusive of one another. The Back-Propagation Network and Radial Basis Function Network paradigms were utilized respectively in the airplane mode and in the helicopter mode to estimate aircraft gross weight. Results show that the neural network model has a good capability of estimating the gross weight for a tiltrotor aircraft in both airplane and helicopter modes. An RMS error of 168 lbs was achieved in airplane mode and the RMS error in helicopter mode was 189 lbs. These results were very robust within the boundaries of the training dataset. The robustness of the neural network model was also investigated by examining data points on the borders of training dataset domain. In this case, it was found that caution should be used when neural network estimation is applied to flight conditions on the border of the training dataset domain. In addition, different data densities for gross weight and airspeed values in the training dataset were investigated. The results can be used as guidance in the selection of a training dataset required for achieving acceptable neural network estimation accuracy. Neural network performance was also investigated when flight conditions in the validation dataset are completely outside the training dataset. Results indicate that neural network estimation accuracy declines rapidly for this case.
Expansion of Structure−Activity Studies of Piperidine Analogues of 1-[2-(Diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (GBR 12935) Compounds by Altering Substitutions in the N-Benzyl Moiety and Behavioral Pharmacology of Selected Molecules (2001)

A series of substituted N-benzyl analogues of the dopamine transporter (DAT) specific compound, 4-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-1-benzylpiperidine were synthesized and biologically characterized. Different 4'-alkyl, 4'-alkenyl, and 4'-alkynyl substituents were introduced in the phenyl ring of the benzyl moiety along with the replacement of the same phenyl ring by the isomeric alpha- and beta-naphthyl groups. Different polar substitutions at the 3'- and 4'-position were also introduced. Novel compounds were tested for their binding affinity at the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporter systems in the brain by competing for [(3)H]WIN 35 428, [(3)H]citalopram, and [(3)H]nisoxetine, respectively. Selected compounds were also evaluated for their activity in inhibiting the uptake of [(3)H]dopamine. Binding results demonstrated that alkenyl and alkynyl substitutions at the 4'-position produced potent compounds in which compound 6 with a vinyl substitution was the most potent. In vivo evaluation of three selected compounds indicated that despite their high potency at the DAT, these compounds stimulated locomotor activity (LMA) less than cocaine when tested across similar dose ranges. In a drug discrimination study procedure, none of these three compounds generalized from cocaine in mice trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg cocaine from vehicle. In a 4 h time course LMA experiment, one of our previous lead piperidine derivatives (1a) showed considerable prolonged action. Thus, in this report, we describe a structure-activity relationship study of novel piperidine analogues assessed by both in vitro transporter assays and in vivo behavioral activity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Antifungal Agents. Part 25. 1‐((3,5‐Bisaryl‐2‐methylisoxazolidin‐3‐yl)methyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles. (1989)

Abstract The in vitro antifungal activity of the standard drug ketoconazole is superior to that of the title compounds, e.g. (III).
KINATEST-ID: A Pipeline To Develop Phosphorylation-Dependent Terbium Sensitizing Kinase Assays (2015)

Nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (NRTKs) are essential for cellular homeostasis and thus are a major focus of current drug discovery efforts. Peptide substrates that can enhance lanthanide ion luminescence upon tyrosine phosphorylation enable rapid, sensitive screening of kinase activity, however design of suitable substrates that can distinguish between tyrosine kinase families is a huge challenge. Despite their different substrate preferences, many NRTKs are structurally similar even between families. Furthermore, the development of lanthanide-based kinase assays is hampered by incomplete understanding of how to integrate sequence selectivity with metal ion binding, necessitating laborious iterative substrate optimization. We used curated proteomic data from endogenous kinase substrates and known Tb(3+)-binding sequences to build a generalizable in silico pipeline with tools to generate, screen, align, and select potential phosphorylation-dependent Tb(3+)-sensitizing substrates that are most likely to be kinase specific. We demonstrated the approach by developing several substrates that are selective within kinase families and amenable to high-throughput screening (HTS) applications. Overall, this strategy represents a pipeline for developing efficient and specific assays for virtually any tyrosine kinase that use HTS-compatible lanthanide-based detection. The tools provided in the pipeline also have the potential to be adapted to identify peptides for other purposes, including other enzyme assays or protein-binding ligands.
Melamine-Induced Decomposition and Anti-FRET Effect from a Self-Assembled Complex of Rhodamine 6G and DNA-Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters Used for Dual-Emitting Ratiometric and Naked-Eye-Visible Fluorescence Detection (2018)

In this work, blue-emitting silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) were prepared in a matrix of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on the basis of ambient hydrothermal reactions. DNA acted as the stabilizer or coating agent, and NaBH<sub>4</sub> was used as the reducing agent. Through the interactions between rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and the synthesized DNA-AgNCs, the self-assembled complex of DNA-AgNC-Rh6G was generated. Meanwhile, fluorescence emission of AgNCs was weakened as a result of fluorescence-resonance-energy transfer (FRET) from AgNCs (donor) to Rh6G (acceptor). In the DNA-AgNC-Rh6G complex aqueous suspension, the addition of melamine induced obvious emission recovery of AgNCs and fluorescence decrease of Rh6G, attributable to melamine-induced decomposition of the self-assembled complex and anti-FRET effects. There was a well-plotted linear relationship of ratiometric fluorescence intensities ( I<sub>AgNCs</sub>/ I<sub>Rh6G</sub>) versus melamine concentration in the range of 0.1-10 μM, with a low detection limit of 25 nM. Responses of I<sub>AgNCs</sub>/ I<sub>Rh6G</sub> to melamine were highly selective and sensitive over potential interferents. A novel dual-emitting ratiometric fluorescence sensor of melamine was facilely constructed on the basis of the DNA-AgNC-Rh6G complex. In particular, the sensor enabled visual fluorescence detection of melamine both in aqueous solution and on wetted filter paper. Superior detection results of the sensor were experimentally obtained and confirmed its high feasibility for melamine detection in practical samples.
Photothermal detection of incipient dental caries: experiment and modeling (2007)

Laser induced photothermal radiometry (PTR) was applied as a safe, non-destructive, and highly sensitive tool for the detection of early tooth surface demineralization. In the experiments, teeth were treated sequentially with an artificial demineralization gel to simulate controlled mineral loss on the enamel surface. Modulated laser light generated infrared blackbody radiation from teeth upon absorption and nonradiative energy conversion. The infrared flux emitted by the treated region of the tooth surface and sub-surface was monitored with an infrared detector twice: before and after treatment. The experiments showed very high sensitivity of the measured signal to incipient changes in the enamel structure, emphasizing the clinical capabilities of the method. In order to analyze the biothermophotonic phenomena in a sample during the photothermal excitation, a theoretical model featuring coupled diffuse-photon-density-wave and thermal-wave fields was developed. The theoretical fits based on the three-layer approach (demineralizad enamel + healthy enamel + dentin) allowed fitting thermal and optical properties of the demineralized layer. The theoretical analysis showed that the dentin layer should be taken into account in the fittings.
ALFRED: A Methodology to Enable Component Fault Trees for Layered Architectures (2015)

Identifying drawbacks or insufficiencies in terms of safety is important also in early development stages of safety critical systems. In industry, development artefacts such as components or units, are often reused from existing artefacts to save time and costs. When development artefacts are reused, their existing safety analysis models are an important input for an early safety assessment for the new system, since they already provide a valid model. Component fault trees support such reuse strategies by a compositional horizontal approach. But current development strategies do not only divide systems horizontally, e.g., By encapsulating different functionality into separate components and hierarchies of components, but also vertically, e.g. Into software and hardware architecture layers. Current safety analysis methodologies, such as component fault trees, do not support such vertical layers. Therefore, we present here a methodology that is able to divide safety analysis models into different layers of a systems architecture. We use so called Architecture Layer Failure Dependencies to enable component fault trees on different layers of an architecture. These dependencies are then used to generate safety evidence for the entire system and over all different architecture layers. A case study applies the approach to hardware and software layers.
Modafinil: a novel stimulant for the treatment of narcolepsy (1998)

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common and debilitating symptom of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders. Modafinil is a novel stimulant which effectively treats EDS, yet lacks many of the undesirable side-effects commonly encountered with currently available compounds. The specific mode of action of modafinil is not well understood, but it may promote sleep by indirectly influencing adrenergic or GABAergic neurotransmission. Modafinil-induced wakefulness is not associated with rebound hypersomnolence or the potential for abuse as is often encountered with other stimulants such as amphetamines. At typical therapeutic doses, modafinil may produce dry mouth but generally has a low incidence of minor side-effects. Many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of modafinil in promoting wakefulness and vigilance in normal subjects and in those with EDS. Modafinil significantly improves the EDS of narcolepsy and also may improve the EDS of idiopathic hypersomnia and obstructive sleep apnoea. Modafinil's low prevalence of side-effects, minimal potential for abuse, and lack of rebound hypersomnia indicate that it has potential to become a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of narcolepsy.
Efficiently registering video into panoramic mosaics (2005)

We present an automatic and efficient method to register and stitch thousands of video frames into a large panoramic mosaic. Our method preserves the robustness and accuracy of image stitchers that match all pairs of images while utilizing the ordering information provided by video. We reduce the cost of searching for matches between video frames by adaptively identifying key frames based on the amount of image-to-image overlap. Key frames are matched to all other key frames, but intermediate video frames are only matched to temporally neighboring key frames and intermediate frames. Image orientations can be estimated from this sparse set of matches in time quadratic to cubic in the number of key frames but only linear in the number of intermediate frames. Additionally, the matches between pairs of images are compressed by replacing measurements within small windows in the image with a single representative measurement. We show that this approach substantially reduces the time required to estimate the image orientations with minimal loss of accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate both the efficiency and quality of our results by registering several long video sequences
Watt-Level High Order Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian Beams from Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (2018)

A linear cavity vertical external cavity surface emitting laser is utilized for generation of Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian transverse modes. The intracavity mode control along with an external astigmatic mode converter allows production of various Watt-level output power beams of high transverse order at ~1070 nm.
Warming up storage-level caches with bonfire (2013)

Large caches in storage servers have become essential for meeting service levels required by applications. These caches need to be warmed with data often today due to various scenarios including dynamic creation of cache space and server restarts that clear cache contents. When large storage caches are warmed at the rate of application I/O, warmup can take hours or even days, thus affecting both application performance and server load over a long period of time.We have created Bonfire, a mechanism for accelerating cache warmup. Bonfire monitors storage server workloads, logs important warmup data, and efficiently preloads storage-level caches with warmup data. Bonfire is based on our detailed analysis of block-level data-center traces that provides insights into heuristics for warmup as well as the potential for efficient mechanisms. We show through both simulation and trace replay that Bonfire reduces both warmup time and backend server load significantly, compared to a cache that is warmed up on demand.
Large Area InGaN/GaN Nanowire Solar Cells on Silicon (2012)

We have demonstrated, for the first time, large area InGaN/GaN nanowire solar cells on Si. An efficiency of ~0.19% is measured, which can be drastically improved by reducing the carrier localization and nonradiative surface recombination.
Detection of air equivalence ratio of a burner by flame emission spectrum. (1988)

工業用炉における個々のバーナの運転空気比を, 非接触でリアルタイムに検出する技術が期待されている.それに対する光学的手法の追求のため, 乱流噴流拡散火炎および市販の拡散型ガスバーナを対象として, 近紫外, 可視領域の発光スペクトル特性を調べた.すす粒子群からの熱放射連続スペクトルが除去された, OHおよびCHなどの化学発光スペクトル強度は, 定性的に火炎内の局所燃焼速度を反映しており, 燃焼状態の有効な指標となることが示された.バーナポート近傍の火炎基部におけるOH, CHなどの発光スペクトル強度は, 運転空気比および燃焼量と比例関係にあることが明らかになった. これらの知見より, 火炎発光スペクトルを利用したバーナ運転空気比検出手法を提案した.
Dynamic optically induced planar terahertz quasioptics (2009)

Optical control of the propagation direction of a terahertz pulse inside an optically transparent parallel plate waveguide is demonstrated by patterned charge carrier photoexcitation of a silicon slab embedded within the waveguide. It is shown experimentally and through finite element simulations that photoexcitations with sufficient conductivity can induce a partial reflection, capable of steering the pulse inside the two-dimensional waveguide. A beamsplitter is demonstrated as proof of principle and is used to delay the arrival of the reflected terahertz pulse at the detector by several picoseconds by moving the excitation in the plane.
Development of a Tetrameric Streptavidin Mutein with Reversible Biotin Binding Capability: Engineering a Mobile Loop as an Exit Door for Biotin (2012)

A novel form of tetrameric streptavidin has been engineered to have reversible biotin binding capability. In wild-type streptavidin, loop(3-4) functions as a lid for the entry and exit of biotin. When biotin is bound, interactions between biotin and key residues in loop(3-4) keep this lid in the closed state. In the engineered mutein, a second biotin exit door is created by changing the amino acid sequence of loop(7-8). This door is mobile even in the presence of the bound biotin and can facilitate the release of biotin from the mutein. Since loop(7-8) is involved in subunit interactions, alteration of this loop in the engineered mutein results in an 11° rotation between the two dimers in reference to wild-type streptavidin. The tetrameric state of the engineered mutein is stabilized by a H127C mutation, which leads to the formation of inter-subunit disulfide bonds. The biotin binding kinetic parameters (k(off) of 4.28×10(-4) s(-1) and K(d) of 1.9×10(-8) M) make this engineered mutein a superb affinity agent for the purification of biotinylated biomolecules. Affinity matrices can be regenerated using gentle procedures, and regenerated matrices can be reused at least ten times without any observable reduction in binding capacity. With the combination of both the engineered mutein and wild-type streptavidin, biotinylated biomolecules can easily be affinity purified to high purity and immobilized to desirable platforms without any leakage concerns. Other potential biotechnological applications, such as development of an automated high-throughput protein purification system, are feasible.
Characterization and clinical study on the acellular pertussis vaccine produced by a combination of column purified pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. (1988)

Bordetella Pertussis Tohama phase I was cultured in a 300-liter fermentor using a medium containing 0.1% heptakis (2,5-0-dimethyl) beta-cyclodextrin (MeCD). Pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hamagglutinin (FHA) were purified using affinity and ion exchange gel column chromatographies. Endotoxin contents of these antigens (10 micrograms PN/ml) were less than 10 ngLPS/ml. PT and FHA were independently treated with formalin in the presence of amino acid and were mixed at a protein concentration ratio of 1:4, the same ratio of our commercialized acellular pertussis vaccine. PDT vaccine containing 2 micrograms PN of PT and 8 micrograms PN of FHA per milliliter was prepared. This PDT vaccine satisfied all the items of the Japanese Minimum Requirements including potency and toxicity tests. Even after this vaccine was incubated for 4 weeks at 37 degrees C, no deaths of the inoculated mice were observed after challenge with 4 mg of histamine on the 4th and 12th day of the inoculation. Compared with the conventional vaccine, this new vaccine caused less swelling in the mouse footpad test. A field trial of our two vaccines, one manufactured by the conventional method (lot No. 21A) and the other produced by the new method (lot No. KC8702), revealed that children receiving KC8702 showed almost the same anti-PT and anti-FHA antibody levels as those given 21A. Those who received KC8702 suffered from less local side effects such as redness, swelling or induration than those given 21A. Our new method for the production of acellular pertussis vaccine permits us the economical manufacturing of the vaccine with uniform quality in a closed system.
Magnetic shielding of walls from the unmagnetized ion beam in a Hall thruster (2013)

We demonstrate by numerical simulations and experiments that the unmagnetized ion beam formed in a Hall thruster can be controlled by an applied magnetic field in a manner that reduces by 2–3 orders of magnitude deleterious ion bombardment of the containing walls. The suppression of wall erosion in Hall thrusters to such low levels has remained elusive for decades.
Second harmonic generating (SHG) nanoprobes for in vivo imaging (2010)

Fluorescence microscopy has profoundly changed cell and molecular biology studies by permitting tagged gene products to be followed as they function and interact. The ability of a fluorescent dye to absorb and emit light of different wavelengths allows it to generate startling contrast that, in the best cases, can permit single molecule detection and tracking. However, in many experimental settings, fluorescent probes fall short of their potential due to dye bleaching, dye signal saturation, and tissue autofluorescence. Here, we demonstrate that second harmonic generating (SHG) nanoprobes can be used for in vivo imaging, circumventing many of the limitations of classical fluorescence probes. Under intense illumination, such as at the focus of a laser-scanning microscope, these SHG nanocrystals convert two photons into one photon of half the wavelength; thus, when imaged by conventional two-photon microscopy, SHG nanoprobes appear to generate a signal with an inverse Stokes shift like a fluorescent dye, but with a narrower emission. Unlike commonly used fluorescent probes, SHG nanoprobes neither bleach nor blink, and the signal they generate does not saturate with increasing illumination intensity. The resulting contrast and detectability of SHG nanoprobes provide unique advantages for molecular imaging of living cells and tissues.
High-contrast and fast electrochromic switching enabled by plasmonics (2016)

With vibrant colours and simple, room-temperature processing methods, electrochromic polymers have attracted attention as active materials for flexible, low-power-consuming devices. However, slow switching speeds in devices realized to date, as well as the complexity of having to combine several distinct polymers to achieve a full-colour gamut, have limited electrochromic materials to niche applications. Here we achieve fast, high-contrast electrochromic switching by significantly enhancing the interaction of light--propagating as deep-subwavelength-confined surface plasmon polaritons through arrays of metallic nanoslits, with an electrochromic polymer--present as an ultra-thin coating on the slit sidewalls. The switchable configuration retains the short temporal charge-diffusion characteristics of thin electrochromic films, while maintaining the high optical contrast associated with thicker electrochromic coatings. We further demonstrate that by controlling the pitch of the nanoslit arrays, it is possible to achieve a full-colour response with high contrast and fast switching speeds, while relying on just one electrochromic polymer.