gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal integration of human T-cell leukemia provirus in all primary tumors of adult T-cell leukemia suggests causative role of human T-cell leukemia virus in the disease. (1984)

The genome of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) was surveyed in fresh tumor cells of 163 patients with lymphoma and leukemia from the southwest part of Japan where adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is endemic. Leukemic cells of all 88 cases of ATL tested so far were found to contain the provirus genome and also found to be monoclonal with respect to the integration site of provirus genome. In most cases of ATL, leukemic cells contained one or two copies of the complete HTLV provirus genome, and it was shown that the single species of HTLV with a fully determined sequence is typical in ATL. Some cases of T-cell malignancies, diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, also had the provirus genome in their tumor cells, whereas some cases with the same diagnosis did not. No cases of other types of lymphoma or leukemia contained the provirus genome in their tumor cells. Monoclonal integration of the HTLV provirus genome in all primary tumor cells of ATL not only indicates that HTLV directly interacts with target cells, which become leukemic, and that integration of the provirus genome is a prerequisite for development of ATL and possibly other related diseases but also indicates that the virus is not associated with other types of lymphoma or leukemia.
The preferential accumulation of cadmium ions among various tissues in mice (2022)

Cadmium (Cd) is hazardous to human health because of its toxicity and long half-life of clearance. Many studies have explored the relationship between chronic Cd exposure and different human diseases. However, most of the studies limited the study targets of Cd toxicity to two or three organ systems. The goal of this study was to establish a mouse model of Cd accumulation in most organ systems and to particularly investigate the potential toxic effects of Cd to the cardiovascular system. Mice were divided into three groups: the control group, Cd-100 group, and Cd-200 group. In the control group, Cd was detected in the kidney, lung, liver, heart and urine but was undetectable in the aorta, intestine, thigh bone, spinal bone and serum. Upon chronic exposure in the Cd-100 and Cd-200 groups, Cd accumulated in all tissues, with a dramatic increase in concentration. We confirmed that Cd could accumulate significantly in the heart and aorta upon chronic exposure. This finding might help to explain the potential toxic effects of Cd on these organs. In addition, the calcium concentration in the bones and kidney declined when the exposure to Cd increased. This finding aligned with the negative effects of Cd on bony mineralization and the potential direct toxic effects of Cd on bones. The impacts of Cd on the cardiovascular system were explored. Histologically, chronic Cd exposure led to myocytes hypertrophy and myocardial architecture disarray in the Cd-100 group compared to those in the control group. Our research confirms that Cd can accumulate in all of the organs studied upon chronic exposure, and suggests that the toxicity of Cd accumulation may play important roles in mediating the pathophysiologic effects in these target organs, especially the bone and heart.
CD95 (Fas)-Based, Superantigen-Dependent, CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Down-Regulation of Human In Vitro Immunoglobulin Responses (1998)

Naturally occurring microbial superantigens (SAg) have been implicated in several human idiopathic disorders, and a compelling argument for the role of SAg in autoantibody-associated disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, has been proposed. To test the effects of SAg on human in vitro Ig responses, CD4+ T cell + B cell cultures were stimulated with graded doses of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Ig-secreting cell (IgSC) responses were very weak in CD4+ T cell + B cell cultures stimulated with SEB at the optimal mitogenic concentration (high dose SEB; 100 ng/ml) but were strong in parallel cultures stimulated with low dose SEB (0.01 ng/ml). High dose SEB actually enhanced B cell differentiation in the presence of CD4+ T cell soluble helper factors as long as the B cells were prevented from physically contacting the CD4+ T cells. However, when cell-cell contact between CD4+ T cells and B cells was permitted, high dose, but not low dose, SEB promoted increased CD4+ T cell-mediated B cell apoptosis with resulting decreases in viable CD20+ B cells and IgSC. High dose, but not low dose, SEB triggered increased levels of soluble CD95 ligand, and down-regulation of IgSC responses and incremental apoptosis of activated B cells were prevented by antagonist anti-CD95 mAb. This strongly suggests that CD4+ T cell-mediated CD95-based killing of activated B cells plays a major role in controlling SEB-driven IgSC responses. Defects in SAg-based down-regulation may contribute to autoimmune disorders such as SLE.
PHOTO STABILIZERS FOR POLYMERS - NEW TRENDS (Review) (2015)

This paper is a review presenting some new trends for photostabilization of polymers by application of polymerizable stabilizers, so that chemically or “self-stabilized” polymers can be obtained. The derivatives of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2Hbenzotriazole (HBT) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (HALS) are among the most effective stabilizers used, so their polymerizable derivatives have been the objects of many investigations. The combination of different types and chemical structures of stabilizers, acting according to different mechanisms, is a very promising method to obtain a new type of stabilizer. The influence of these compounds on the photostability of copolymers with some vinyl monomers was demonstrated. New approaches for “one-step” coloration and stabilization of polymers by a combination “in-one molecule” of a chromophore and a stabilizer were described. Two of the possibilities are presented - when the stabilizer and the chromophore are combined in-one molecule through an s-triazine ring and - when the stabilizer’s fragment is connected directly to the chromophore.
High-Purity Ultraviolet Electroluminescence from<i>n</i>-ZnO Nanowires/<i>p</i><sup>+</sup>-Si Heterostructure LEDs with<i>i</i>-MgO Film as Carrier Control Layer (2011)

Pure ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) using n-ZnO nanowires as an active layer were fabricated with an insulating MgO dielectric layer as a carrier control layer, where all depositions were continuously performed by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The current-voltage curve of the LEDs showed obvious rectifying characteristics, with a threshold voltage of about 7 V in the sample with 4 nm i-MgO. Under the forward bias of the samples with proper MgO thickness, a sharp UV electroluminescence, located at around 380 nm, was emitted from the active ZnO nanowires, while weak visible emission of around 450–700 nm were observed. The pure UV emission from the ZnO nanowires in the n-ZnO/i-MgO/p+-Si heterostructures was attributed to the electron accumulation in the ZnO by asymmetric band offset and preemptive hole tunneling from Si to ZnO by i-MgO.
Passively mode-locked Raman fiber laser with 100 GHz repetition rate (2006)

We experimentally demonstrate the operation of a passively mode-locked Raman fiber ring laser with an ultrahigh repetition rate of 100 GHz and up to 430 mW of average output power. This laser constitutes a simple wavelength versatile pulsed optical source. Stable mode locking is based on dissipative four-wave mixing with a single fiber Bragg grating acting as the mode-locking element.
Magnesium stearate, a widely-used food additive, exhibits a lack of in vitro and in vivo genotoxic potential (2017)

Magnesium stearate is widely used in the production of dietary supplement and pharmaceutical tablets, capsules and powders as well as many food products, including a variety of confectionery, spices and baking ingredients. Although considered to have a safe toxicity profile, there is no available information regarding its potential to induce genetic toxicity. To aid safety assessment efforts, magnesium sulfate was evaluated in a battery of tests including a bacterial reverse mutation assay, an <i>in vitro</i> chromosome aberration assay, and an <i>in vivo</i> erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Magnesium stearate did not produce a positive response in any of the five bacterial strains tested, in the absence or presence of metabolic activation. Similarly, exposure to magnesium stearate did not lead to chromosomal aberrations in CHL/IU Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, with or without metabolic activation, or induce micronuclei in the bone marrow of male CD-1 mice. These studies have been used by the Japanese government and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in their respective safety assessments of magnesium stearate. These data indicate a lack of genotoxic risk posed by magnesium stearate consumed at current estimated dietary exposures. However, health effects of cumulative exposure to magnesium via multiple sources present in food additives may be of concern and warrant further evaluation.
Security Controls for Computer Systems: Report of Defense Science Board Task Force on Computer Security (1979)

Abstract : The wide use of computers in military and defense installations has long necessitated the application of security rules and regulations. A basic principle underlying the security of computer systems has traditionally been that of isolation-simply removing the entire system to a physical environment in which penetrability is acceptably minimized. First, the security problem is not unique to any one type of computer system or configuration; it applies across the spectrum of computational technology. Secondly, resource-sharing systems, where the problems of security are admittedly most acute at present, must be designed to protect each user form interference by another user or by the system itself, and must provide some sort of 'privacy' protection to users who wish to preserve the integrity of their data and their programs.
The single molecular precursor approach to metal telluride thin films: imino-bis(diisopropylphosphine tellurides) as examples (2007)

Interest in metal telluride thin films as components in electronic devices has grown recently. This tutorial review describes the use of single-source precursors for the preparation of metal telluride materials by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) and acquaints the reader with the basic techniques of materials characterization. The challenges in the design and synthesis of suitable precursors are discussed, focusing on metal complexes of the recently-developed imino-bis(diisopropylphosphine telluride) ligand. The generation of thin films and nanoplates of CdTe, Sb(2)Te(3) and In(2)Te(3) from these precursors are used as illustrative examples.
Improving keystroke dynamics authentication system via multiple feature fusion scheme (2012)

This paper reports the performance and effect of diverse keystroke features combination on keystroke dynamic authentication system by using fusion scheme. First of all, four types of keystroke features are acquired from our collected dataset, later then transformed into similarity scores by the use of Gaussian Probability Density Function (GPD) and Direction Similarity Measure (DSM). Next, three fusion schemes are introduced to merge the scores pairing with six fusion rules. Result shows that the finest performance is obtained by the combination of both dwell time and flight time collectively. Finally, this experiment also investigates the effect of using larger dataset on performance, which turns out to be rather consistent.
Additive-mediated size control of MOF nanoparticles (2013)

A fast synthesis approach toward sub-60 nm sized MOF nanoparticles was developed by employing auxiliary additives. Control over the size of HKUST-1 and IRMOF-3 particles was gained by adjusting the concentration and type of stabilizers. Colloidal solutions of the MOFs were used for the formation of optically homogeneous thin films by spin-coating.
Mirrored serpentine flow channels for fuel cell (2023)

A PEM fuel cell having serpentine flow field channels wherein the input/inlet legs of each channel border the input/inlet legs of the next adjacent channels in the same flow field, and the output/exit legs of each channel border the output/exit legs of the next adjacent channels in the same flow field. The serpentine fuel flow channels may be longer, and may contain more medial legs, than the serpentine oxidant flow channels.
Ionic Liquids Completely UnCOILed (2015)

This is the third and final book of three volumes of critical overviews of the key areas of ionic liquid chemistry. The first volume was entitled Ionic Liquids UnCOILed; the second was Ionic Liquids Further UnCOILed. The history and rationale behind this trilogy were explained in the preface to Volume 1 and so will not be repeated here. But we did instruct the authors as follows: 'It is important to emphasise that these are meant to be critical reviews. We are not looking for comprehensive coverage, but insight, appreciation and prospect. We want the type of review which can be read to give a sense of importance and scope of the area, highlighting this by the best published work and looking for the direction in which the field is moving. We would also like the problems with the area highlighting, e.g. poor experimental technique, poor selection of liquids, and variability of data'. Looking back over all three books, we are amazed at the quality of reviews produced and their 'timeless' nature - they are fresh and inciteful.
Nanofibrous patterns by direct electrospinning of nanofibers onto topographically structured non-conductive substrates (2013)

Patterning of electrospun nanofibers has recently attracted much attention for its usefulness in a wide range of applications. This paper reports on the generation of spatially defined nanofibrous patterns by direct deposition of electrospun nanofibers onto a variety of insulating substrates. It was found that topographical features of different non-conducting substrates could be readily replicated by the electrospun nanofibers of interest. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of nanofiber patterning, we have systematically studied the effects of surface topography of non-conducting substrates (in particular protrusions) on the nanofiber deposition and assembly. Results from experiments and electric field simulation indicated that under a strong electric field the insulating substrates can be polarized, which could consequently affect the distribution of the original electric field. For particular non-conductive substrates with small mesh sizes or sufficient thickness, surface topography of the dielectric substrate may play a key role in determining the deposition and the arrangement of electrospun fibers. In addition, parameters that could influence the fineness of nanofibrous patterns have also been investigated. This contribution is believed to warrant further scientific understanding of the patterning mechanism of electrospun nanofibers, and to allow for design of specific and complex non-conductive substrate collectors for easy generation of patterned nanofibrous architectures, applicable in a variety of areas such as tissue engineering scaffolds and optoelectronic displays.
Channel Hardening and Favorable Propagation in Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Stochastic Geometry (2017)

Cell-Free (CF) Massive MIMO is an alternative topology for future wireless networks, where a large number of single-antenna access points (APs) are distributed over the coverage area. There are no cells but all users are jointly served by the APs using network MIMO methods. Prior works have claimed that CF Massive MIMO inherits the basic properties of cellular Massive MIMO, namely channel hardening and favorable propagation. In this paper, we evaluate if one can rely on these properties when having a realistic stochastic AP deployment. Our results show that channel hardening only appears in special cases, for example, when the pathloss exponent is small. However, by using 5--10 antennas per AP, instead of one, we can substantially improve the hardening. Only spatially well-separated users will exhibit favorable propagation, but when adding more antennas and/or reducing the pathloss exponent, it becomes more likely for favorable propagation to occur. The conclusion is that we cannot rely on channel hardening and favorable propagation when analyzing and designing CF Massive MIMO networks, but we need to use achievable rate expressions and resource allocation schemes that work well also in the absence of these properties. Some options are reviewed in this paper.
Similarity-Based Image Browsing (2000)

Digital images and videos have an increasingly important role in today&apos;s telecommunication and our everyday life in modern information society. The past few years witnessed a proliferation of content-based image retrieval techniques. Images are typically characterized by intrinsic attributes of images such as color, texture, and shape. However, the potential of integrating these techniques with visualization and data-mining techniques has yet been fully explored. Users should be able to explore images in a database or video clips by visual similarities. In this article, we explore the synergy between Pathfinder networks and content-based information retrieval techniques. Salient structures of images are revealed through visualization models derived from features extracted from images. Visualizations are generated from three feature classes of the well-known QBIC system: color, layout, and texture. 1. INTRODUCTION Digital images and videos have an increasingly important role in today&apos;...
Recent Advances of 4D Printing Technologies Toward Soft Tactile Sensors (2021)

Soft tactile sensors (STSs) combine the flexibility and the converting ability between mechanical forces and electrical signals. 4D printing was first introduced in 2013, and attracted great interest because of its versatile functionalities in actuators, artificial muscles, STSs, soft energy harvesting, pneumatic nets, electroactive polymers, and soft electronics. Using the 4D printing concept to fabricate STSs is promising, yet it is at its infant stage. At present, researchers have utilized two types of strategies: one is directly using smart materials through 3D printing manufacturing, and the other is programming codes of components and structures to create controllable changes. This review summarizes the recent research on 4D printing toward STSs and discusses the future perspectives of this emerging field.
Efecto de la adición de moléculas anfífilas sobre las propiedades de la película de asfaltenos en la interfase aire-agua. (2012)

"Empleando las isotermas de Langmuir se estudió el comportamiento de la película de asfaltenos extraídos del crudo Ayacucho (Faja Petrolífera del Orinoco) en la interfase aire-agua. Así mismo se determinó el efecto que sobre la película de asfaltenos tiene la adición de moléculas anfifilicas (surfactantes) tales como ácido esteárico (ACES) y cloruro de estearil dimetil amonio (CEDA). Al respecto se encontró que el ACES aumenta la compresibilidad de la película en todas las proporciones empleadas, no obstante, el CEDA aumenta la compresibilidad de la película cuando la relación asfaltenos: surfactante es de 7:3 y 1:1, en el caso de la proporción 3:7 la compresibilidad de la película se reduce en relación a la de asfaltenos puros."
Promoter Hypermethylation Is the Predominant Mechanism in <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> Deregulation and Is a Poor Prognostic Factor in Nonsmoking Lung Cancer (2005)

Our data suggest that hMLH1 is the major altered mismatch repair gene involved in nonsmoking NSCLC tumorigenesis and that promoter methylation is the predominant mechanism in hMLH1 and hMSH2 deregulation. In addition, promoter methylation of the hMSH2 gene may be a potential prognostic factor in nonsmoking female lung cancer.
H<scp>OW</scp>H<scp>OST</scp>-M<scp>ICROBIAL</scp>I<scp>NTERACTIONS</scp>S<scp>HAPE THE</scp>N<scp>UTRIENT</scp>E<scp>NVIRONMENT OF THE</scp>M<scp>AMMALIAN</scp>I<scp>NTESTINE</scp> (2002)

Humans and other mammals are colonized by a vast, complex, and dynamic consortium of microorganisms. One evolutionary driving force for maintaining this metabolically active microbial society is to salvage energy from nutrients, particularly carbohydrates, that are otherwise nondigestible by the host. Much of our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which members of the intestinal microbiota degrade complex polysaccharides comes from studies of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a prominent and genetically manipulatable component of the normal human and mouse gut. Colonization of germ-free mice with B. thetaiotaomicron has shown how this anaerobe modifies many aspects of intestinal cellular differentiation/gene expression to benefit both host and microbe. These and other studies underscore the importance of understanding precisely how nutrient metabolism serves to establish and sustain symbiotic relationships between mammals and their bacterial partners.
Preferential recognition of specific DNA motifs by anti‐double‐stranded DNA autoantibodies (1995)

Although antibodies (Ab) specific for double-stranded (ds) DNA are thought to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the fine structure of their DNA targets remains elusive. We have adapted a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-assisted immunoprecipitation method to define the binding sites in DNA sequences recognized by high affinity anti-dsDNA Ab of SLE patients. SLE sera were used to bind templates from a pool of double-stranded oligonucleotides (ON). A central part of 20 base-pair random sequence was flanked by restriction endonuclease recognition sites and sequences complementary to predefined PCR primers. Immunoselected ON were precipitated, isolated from the immune complexes and then subjected to a further immunoprecipitation step after amplification by PCR. After five cycles of immunoprecipitation and PCR, the resulting ON were cloned. Sequence analysis revealed that sera from SLE patients and two human monoclonal anti-dsDNA Ab obtained from SLE patients preferentially select sequences expected to form non-B-DNA structures. Inhibition studies of the Farr assay confirmed the increased affinity of the selected epitopes for anti-DNA Ab as compared to random B-DNA.
The Dynamic Content Delivery Enabler (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Why Do We Need New Specifications for DCD? Standards Precursors to DCD DCD Architecture and Technical Specifications DCD Deployment Options DCD Salient Points Impact of Specifications on the Industry Specifications Evolution and Future Direction Summary