gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How to prevent, recognize, and treat drug-induced nephrotoxicity. (2002)

Many drugs can injure the kidneys, but they cause renal injury via only a few common mechanisms. Many patients who develop renal injury after drug exposure have identifiable risk factors that could be modified or that should preclude the use of these drugs in the first place.
Variability-insensitive scheme for NAND flash memory interfaces (2006)

A novel NAND flash memory interface (NFMI) scheme to cope with uncertainty due to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations is proposed. The new NFMI scheme introduces a signal called data valid strobe to replace the signal read enable bar, which is a read strobe in the standard NFMI protocol. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is insensitive to PVT variations, unlike the existing NFMI scheme, and hence substantially increases system performance as well as reliability.
Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome (2011)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease associated with several comorbidities, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disorder. These comorbidities are components of metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is supposed to be related to increased levels of adipocytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and adiponectin. Recent study has revealed a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in psoriatics compared with other skin diseases. Biologic agents, including anti-TNF-α antibodies, are recommended as the first-line treatment for psoriatics with metabolic syndrome. This article reviews the association of psoriasis and metabolic syndrome in terms of adipocytokines and evaluates the role of biologic agents in the treatment of psoriasis.
Computer-based plagiarism detection methods and tools (2007)

The paper is dedicated to plagiarism problem. The ways how to reduce plagiarism: both: plagiarism prevention and plagiarism detection are discussed. Widely used plagiarism detection methods are described. The most known plagiarism detection tools are analysed.
Experimental optical switching system using space-division matrix switches gated by laser diodes (2003)

A space-division optical switching system using laser diode matrix switches is demonstrated and evaluated. Optical bidirectional connections are made through wavelength multiplexing. All call control signals and end-to-end information are transmitted by optical carriers. The system provides software-controlled point-to-multipoint connection in addition to conventional point-to-point connections. It is noted that the proposed optical signal monitoring method, using laser diode gates, is indispensable for constructing this kind of system. NTSC and HDTV (high-definition television) color pictures, coded into 32-Mb/s and 400-Mb/s optical signals, are exchanged using this system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative cardiac dynamic imaging of small animal PET images using cluster analysis (2008)

Quantitative PET imaging requires a dynamic scan in order to measure the arterial input function and the tissue time-activity curves. By combining these two curves with adequate mathematical models it is possible to obtain useful physiological information such as the metabolic rate, perfusion, receptors density etc. Cluster Analysis (CA) allows to group pixels having the same kinetic. In this work the performance of two clustering algorithms were assessed. The user must supply a set of images acquired at different time points and the number of clusters. The choice of the correct number of clusters was performed by using a parsimony criteria. In order to test the CA method real dynamic small animal PET data were acquired. Image derived arterial input function and myocardial FDG uptake were measured. Results showed that CA allow us to obtain accurate tissue time activity curves without the need of manual region on interest delineation.
Novel knock‐in mouse model for the evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of human podoplanin–targeting agents (2021)

Podoplanin is a key molecule for enhancing tumor-induced platelet aggregation. Podoplanin interacts with CLEC-2 on platelets via PLatelet Aggregation-inducing domains (PLAGs). Among our generated antibodies, those targeting the fourth PLAG domain (PLAG4) strongly suppress podoplanin-CLEC-2 binding and podoplanin-expressing tumor growth and metastasis. We previously performed a single-dose toxicity study of PLAG4-targeting anti-podoplanin-neutralizing antibodies and found no acute toxicity in cynomolgus monkeys. To confirm the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of podoplanin-targeting antibodies, a syngeneic mouse model that enables repeated dose toxicity tests is needed. Replacement of mouse PLAG1-PLAG4 domains with human homologous domains drastically decreased the platelet-aggregating activity. Therefore, we searched the critical domain of the platelet-aggregating activity in mouse podoplanin and found that the mouse PLAG4 domain played a critical role in platelet aggregation, similar to the human PLAG4 domain. Human/mouse chimeric podoplanin, in which a limited region containing mouse PLAG4 was replaced with human homologous region, exhibited a similar platelet-aggregating activity to wild-type mouse podoplanin. Thus, we generated knock-in mice with human/mouse chimeric podoplanin expression (Pdpn<sup>KI/KI</sup> mice). Our previously established PLAG4-targeting antibodies could suppress human/mouse chimeric podoplanin-mediated platelet aggregation and tumor growth in Pdpn<sup>KI/KI</sup> mice. Repeated treatment of Pdpn<sup>KI/KI</sup> mice with antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity-possessing PG4D2 antibody did not result in toxicity or changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. Our results suggest that anti-podoplanin-neutralizing antibodies could be used safely as novel anti-tumor agents. Our generated Pdpn<sup>KI/KI</sup> mice are useful for investigating the efficacy and toxicity of human podoplanin-targeting drugs.
<title>Graded index polymer channel waveguide array for backplane optical interconnects</title> (1993)

Various components needed for optical backplane applications have been demonstrated from gelatin-based polymer integrated op[tic material. An array of waveguides have been realized with packaging density as high as 1250 channels per cm and loss of 0.1 dB per cm. A 1-to-8 Y-junction splitter and a 32 x 32 star coupler have been fabricated using photolithographic techniques. The unification of the star coupler and a modulator array is for backplane optical interconnects is under investigation.
Heterogeneous expression of cholecystokinin and gastrin receptor in stomach and pancreatic cancer: An immunohistochemical study (2016)

Our study showed significantly higher expression of CCKAR and down regulation of CCKBR in PC as compared to control while CCKBR/GR was detected in majority of SC samples. Thus, our study suggests that CCK and Gs receptors may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. However, study need to be validated in significantly bigger sample size and need to be replicated in different cohorts.
Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting composite tapes prepared by the powder method using an Ag sheath (1990)

The Bi-based oxide superconducting tapes containing high-Tc (Tc=110 K) and low-Tc(Tc=85 K) phases were prepared by the powder metallurgy method using an Ag sheath, and Jc was measured at 77 and 4.2 K in magnetic fields up to 30 T. A grain-oriented microstructure with the c axes perpendicular to the tape surface was obtained for the tapes with a high-Tc phase by applying a combination of cold rolling and sintering. Jc of the high-Tc tape was significantly improved by this grain orientation. However, large anisotropy in Jc with respect to the magnetic field direction was observed for these textured tapes. For the low-Tc tapes, it was difficult to obtain a grain-oriented microstructure by the cold rolling and sintering process. However, Jc at 4.2 K of the nontextured low-Tc tape is as high as that of the grain-oriented high-Tc tape. Typical Jc values at 4.2 K were above 104A/cm2 at 12 T for both high- and low-Tc tapes. Jc at 4.2 K of the Bi-based tapes is much less sensitive to the magnetic field than the conventional metallic superconductors, which indicates that the Bi-based oxide is a good candidate for the high-field superconducting magnet.
A General Strategy for the Preparation of Thalidomide-Conjugate Linkers (2017)

The synthesis of small-molecule linkers for installation of thalidomide-based conjugates is described. Linker properties have been recognized as vital to conjugate success in drug discovery and delivery systems. These small-molecule tethers act as linkages between molecules, can also aid in cell permeability, and act as solubilizing agents. This work shows our progress in synthesizing conjugates with a variety of linker characteristics. The adaptability and manipulation of these and other linkers holds potential in improving synthetic control of chemical connectivities toward therapeutic development.
Identification of an Inhibitor of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator-mediated Fibrinolysis in Human Neutrophils (1995)

An inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-mediated and plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis was isolated from human neutrophils. On a G-50 gel filtration column, the antifibrinolytic activity present in neutrophil homogenates comigrated with proteins of < 13 kDa. The inhibitory fraction had only a slight effect on urokinase with plasminogen- or plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis and no effect on urokinase- or plasmin-mediated cleavage of H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine-p-nitroanilide (S-2251). The neutrophil-derived fraction inhibited tPA with plasminogen activity on S-2251 but not on H-D-isoleucyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2288). The inhibition of tPA-mediated and plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis or S-2251 cleavage showed a competitive pattern and could be relieved by increasing the concentration of plasminogen. The same fraction also inhibited binding of plasminogen to fibrin. Consecutive purification steps revealed that the molecular mass of the inhibitor was 1-5-kDa. Polylysine-Sepharose affinity chromatography indicated that the inhibitor is a protein of 4 kDa, migrating as one band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid sequence analysis of this band showed the presence of two sequences, differing by one amino acid, which are identical to defensin I and II. Comparison of the sequences of plasminogen and defensin showed homology of defensin to the plasminogen kringles known to contain the lysine binding sites. The close structural similarity between defensin and plasminogen kringles and the ability of defensin to compete with plasminogen on binding to fibrin explain the ability of defensin to inhibit tPA-mediated, plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis. These results suggest that the antifibrinolytic activity of defensin may have a biological function in preventing the spread of infection.
Fundamental principles for calculating charged defect ionization energies in ultrathin two-dimensional materials (2018)

Defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials are becoming prominent candidates for quantum emitters and scalable optoelectronic applications. However, several physical properties that characterize their behavior, such as charged defect ionization energies, are difficult to simulate with conventional first-principles methods, mainly because of the weak and anisotropic dielectric screening caused by the reduced dimensionality. We establish fundamental principles for accurate and efficient calculations of charged defect ionization energies and electronic structure in ultrathin 2D materials. We propose to use the vacuum level as the reference for defect charge transition levels (CTLs) because it gives robust results insensitive to the level of theory, unlike commonly used band-edge positions. Furthermore, we determine the fraction of Fock exchange in hybrid functionals for accurate band gaps and band-edge positions of 2D materials by enforcing the generalized Koopmans' condition of localized defect states. We found that the obtained fractions of Fock exchange vary significantly from 0.2 for bulk hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to 0.4 for monolayer h-BN, whose band gaps are also in good agreement with experimental results and calculated GW results. The combination of these methods allows for the reliable and efficient prediction of defect ionization energies (the difference between CTLs and band-edge positions). We motivate and generalize these findings with several examples including different defects in monolayer to few-layer h-BN, monolayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$, and graphane. Finally, we show that increasing the number of layers of h-BN systematically lowers defect ionization energies, mainly through CTLs shifting towards vacuum, with conduction band minima kept almost unchanged.
ABA (1996)

In this paper we describe an approach to allocating a set of tasks to a set of resources or processors. The novelty of the approach has to do with the way decisions are performed. Rather than making one decision about one resource (or one task) at a time, several decisions concerning multiple resources and multiple tasks are made at a time. The algorithm incorporates the formulation of the assignment problem. Furthermore, knowledge about temporal constraints between activities is exploited to improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm. The algorithm is very flexible, allowing for the incorporation of different types of constraints as well as the consideration of non-equivalent resources.
Risk of Intussusception After Rotavirus Vaccination (2015)

This meta-analysis showed a similar increased risk of intussusception, during the first 7 days after administration of dose 1 and, to a lesser extent, dose 2, for both currently available rotavirus vaccines. This suggests that intussusception may be a class effect of currently available oral rotavirus vaccines.
Metal Insertion into C−C Bonds in Solution (1999)

What kind of ligated metal center is necessary for insertion into the "hidden" C-C bond? How can one tune the metal center for C-C bond activation by variation of the steric and electronic properties of ligands? What are the possible mechanisms of C-C bond activation in various reaction systems? A systematic look at the available data on C-C bond activation in solution provides some answers to these questions.
Inactivation of Dnmt3b in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Results in DNA Hypomethylation, Chromosomal Instability, and Spontaneous Immortalization (2005)

DNA hypomethylation is a hallmark of many types of solid tumors. However, it remains elusive how DNA hypomethylation may contribute to tumorigenesis. In this study, we have investigated how targeted disruption of the DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b affects the growth of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our studies led to the following observations. 1) Constitutive or conditional deletion of Dnmt3b, but not Dnmt3a, resulted in partial loss of DNA methylation throughout the genome, suggesting that Dnmt3b, in addition to the major maintenance methyltransferase Dnmt1, is required for maintaining DNA methylation in MEF cells. 2) Dnmt3b-deficient MEF cells showed aneuploidy and polyploidy, chromosomal breaks, and fusions. 3) Inactivation of Dnmt3b resulted in either premature senescence or spontaneous immortalization of MEF cells. 4) The G(1) to S-phase checkpoint was intact in primary and spontaneously immortalized Dnmt3b-deficient MEFs because the p53 protein was inducible by DNA damage. Interestingly, protein levels of the cyclindependent kinase inhibitor p21 were increased in immortalized Dnmt3b-deficient MEFs even in the absence of p53 induction. These results suggest that DNA hypomethylation may induce genomic instability, which in turn leads to spontaneous immortalization or premature senescence of Dnmt3b-deficient MEFs via a p53-independent mechanism.
A Measurement Standard for Vehicle Localization and Its ISO-Compliant Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation (2012)

A fully autonomous road traffic has already been desired for years but could not be realized until now. Aside from the capability of the vehicles to communicate with each other (C2C) or with the infrastructure (C2I), the main obstacle for the realization of a fully autonomous traffic is a sufficiently accurate and reliable localization. The localization of vehicles, i.e., the real-time measurement of the position of moving objects, is still a challenging task, as each vehicle has to be localized at every time and at any place of the road network with a high accuracy and availability. Since fully autonomous traffic is a safety-relevant application, a proof of safety for all safety-relevant components is indispensable. Therefore, the measurement quality of the applied measurement devices has to be verified. For a determination of the accuracy and availability performance of localization systems, an accredited testing and calibration laboratory for vehicle localization is necessary, which does not exist yet. Such a laboratory has to provide a measurement standard for vehicle position measurements and an uncertainty evaluation for the reference value according to standards. This paper suggests a measurement standard for automotive vehicle localization and its measurement uncertainty evaluation according to the International Organization for Standardization Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement.
REMI-RFLP mapping in the Dictyostelium genome. (1994)

A set of 147 Dictyostelium discoideum strains was constructed by random integration of a vector containing rare restriction sites. The strains were generated by transformation using restriction enzyme-mediated integration (REMI) which results in the integration of linear DNA fragments into randomly distributed genomic restriction sites. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was generated in a single genomic site in each strain. These REMI-RFLP strains were used to confirm gene linkages previously supported by two other physical mapping techniques: yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig construction, and megabase-scale restriction mapping. New linkages were uncovered when two or more hybridization probes identified the same RFLP fragments. Probes for 100 genes have marked 53% of the RFLPs, representing greater than 22 Mb of the 40 Mb Dictyostelium genome. Alignment of these and other large fragments along each chromosome should lead to a complete physical map of the Dictyostelium genome.
Difference and differential Riccati equations: a note on the convergence to the strong solution (1992)

The convergence of the solutions of the differential difference Riccati equations to the strong solution of the corresponding algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) is addressed. Detectability only is required in the analysis, and no assumption is made on the eigenvalues on the real imaginary axis (on the unit circle, in the discrete-time case). In particular, from the results, it follows that under the sole assumption of detectability, a positive definite initial condition guarantees convergence to the strong solution, even in the presence of unreachable eigenvalues on the imaginary axis or on the unit circle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Seal‐less Centrifugal Blood Pump with Magnetically Suspended Rotor: Rot‐a‐Flot (1995)

Limitations of current centrifugal blood pumps are related to heat generation of bearings and leakage of seals, to dead water zones, and to poor efficiency. A new concept is proposed in this paper to ameliorate these problems based on a miniaturized magnetic drive, and a prototype is introduced. The pump rotor is suspended and driven by a radial permanent magnetic field that stabilizes the impeller in 4 of the 6 spatial degrees of freedom and allows it to be top-spun on a single blood-flushed pivot bearing with minimal load and friction. A shrouded impeller with an open center and 4 logarithmically curved channels is run inside a cone-and-plate-type housing with a spiral volute chamber. In vitro testing was performed comparing this design with the BioMedicus, St. Jude, and Sarns pumps. The prototype is demonstrated to have the smallest internal volume (35 ml), surface (190 qcm), and passage time (0.5 s at 4 L/min), as well as the highest hydraulic efficiency (up to 0.4) of all devices studied.
A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of DNA and RNA Lariats (2007)

Current studies of lariat RNA structure and function are hindered by the lack of access to synthetic lariats. A novel approach to the synthesis of both DNA and RNA lariats is presented here. Noteworthy features of the methodology are the regiospecific formation of the 2'-5'-phosphodiester linkage, the unusual parallel stranded DNA/RNA hybrid (or parallel RNA/RNA duplex) that forms between an RNA template and a folded 22-nt DNA (or RNA) substrate, and the efficiency of the chemical ligation step at an adenosine branchpoint (50-80%). The DNA and RNA lariats were purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their structure and nucleotide composition were confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Thermal denaturation as well as enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis fully supported the proposed lariat structures. Characterization of control parallel duplexes was conducted by gel shift assays and enzymatic degradation with RNase H. The successful synthesis of the lariat molecules described here will allow structural and biochemical studies aimed at better understanding the splicing and debranching mechanisms in which these unusual nucleic acids are involved.
Expression of Endomyocardial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Coronary Endothelial Function in Human Cardiac Allografts (2001)

Background Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed and is functionally active in the presence of transplant arteriosclerosis. However, the early involvement of iNOS in alterations of microvascular endothelial function in the absence of preexisting lesions remains unclear; this information would be of prognostic value. We studied the course of iNOS mRNA expression, transcardiac nitric oxide production, and their potential association with microvascular coronary endothelial dysfunction in human cardiac allografts. Methods and Results A total of 42 patients were studied at 1, 6, and 12 months after heart transplantation. Microvascular coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) was tested in an endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent manner (adenosine) using a Doppler flow wire. Endomyocardial iNOS expression was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. iNOS protein and nitrotyrosine levels were detected by immunohistochemistry. Transcardiac plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels were measured by the Griess reaction. CFVR was impaired in 26.1% of patients (n=11) at 1 month and in 31% of patients (n=13) at 12 months after heart transplantation. Patients who developed impaired CFVR in the first year showed a significant increase in iNOS gene expression. Patients with impairment of CFVR 1 month after heart transplantation had higher levels of iNOS mRNA than patients with a normal CFVR. Patients with an initial impairment of CFVR who did not improve over time presented with significantly higher iNOS mRNA levels. iNOS protein and nitrotyrosine were expressed in the endomyocardial vessels of patients with impaired CFVR. Transcardiac NOx release was higher in patients with impaired CFVR. Conclusions In human cardiac allografts, microvascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with an enhanced endomyocardial iNOS mRNA expression and higher transcardiac NOx production and is accompanied by the expression of nitrotyrosine protein, suggesting peroxynitrite plays a role in the disease process. The data from the present study suggest an important role for the iNOS/nitric oxide pathway in the regulation of microvascular function in the absence of preexisting atherosclerotic lesions.