gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable optical filter using long-range surface plasmons (1997)

A long-range surface plasmon resonance-based tunable optical filter is described. An attenuated total reflection device can be configured so that the reflected intensity of light is a maximum when the resonance condition is achieved. When the device is illuminated with polychromatic light at a fixed angle, the wavelength at which resonance is achieved shows a transmission maximum, with a full width at half maximum of less than 3 nm. By using an appropriate electro-optic material in the device, the wavelength of maximum transmission can be varied. Numerical results are presented. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Arginase II Expressed in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Indicates Tissue Hypoxia and Predicts Poor Outcome in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

An adequate level of arginine in the tissue microenvironment is essential for T cell activity and survival. Arginine levels are regulated by the arginine-catabolizing enzyme, arginase (ARG). It has been reported that arginase II (ARG2), one of two ARGs, is aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer cells, which convert arginine into ornithine, resulting in a lack of arginine that weakens tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and renders them dysfunctional. However, immune suppression mediated by ARG2-expressing cancer cells in lung cancer has not been observed. Here we studied the expression of ARG2 in pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC) tissue clinicopathologically by examining over 200 cases of PDC. In contrast to prostate cancer, ARG2 expression was rarely demonstrated in PDC cells by immunohistochemistry, and instead ARG2 was characteristically expressed in α-smooth muscle actin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), especially those located within and around necrotic areas in PDC. The presence of ARG2-expressing CAFs was closely correlated with shorter overall survival (OS; P = 0.003) and disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.0006). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of ARG2-expressing CAFs in PDC tissue was an independent predictor of poorer OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.582, P = 0.007) and DFS (HR = 1.715, P = 0.001) in PDC patients. In addition to the characteristic distribution of ARG2-expressing CAFs, such CAFs co-expressed carbonic anhydrase IX, SLC2A1, or HIF-1α, markers of hypoxia, in PDC tissue. Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that cultured fibroblasts extracted from PDC tissue expressed the ARG2 transcript after exposure to hypoxia, which had arginase activity. These results indicate that cancer cell-mediated immune suppression through ARG2 expression is not a general event and that the presence of ARG2-expressing CAFs is an indicator of poor prognosis, as well as hypoxia, in PDC tissue.
Thoughts on core integration and test (2002)

A number of initiatives have begun to address the integration and test of core-based chip design. Several organizations, including an IEEE Test Technology Technical Committee (TTTC) and working groups of the Virtual Socket Interface Alliance (VSIA), meet regularly to consider standards and solutions. The most immediate issue that a chip designer must face is the integration of a core (or cores) into the chip. Three main approaches are popular. FIFO-based interfaces are quite common for VO interconnect cores; they have simple protocol rules and mate up well with DMA designs in the application logic. The core might instead mate to a microprocessor or I/O bus. For example, a multi-function chip can use an on-chip PCI bus to connect together multiple cores with PCI interfaces. The final common approach is a bus defined explicitly by an ASIC vendor or core provider to interconnect cores. For all three types of core interconnection, handling functional operation is only half of the solution. As with all semiconductor devices, a core-based chip must be well tested in production to become a viable product.
A versatile Si-bipolar driver circuit with high output voltage swing for external and direct laser modulation in 10 Gb/s optical-fiber links (1994)

A monolithic integrated driver circuit developed for laser modulation in a 10 Gb/s optical-fiber link is presented. The IC was fabricated in a self-aligned double-polysilicon Si-bipolar production technology with f/sub T//spl ap/25 GHz. The circuit can be operated up to 14 Gb/s with a maximum output voltage swing as high as 3.6 V at 50 /spl Omega/ load (corresponding to an internal current swing of 108 mA), which allows the circuit to drive external modulators. In addition, the circuit can be used for direct laser modulation at 10 Gb/s, since the output current swing can easily be controlled over a wide range (e.g., from 15 mA to 60 mA). Problems in the design of such driver circuits as well as their solutions are discussed in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Update on Falling Particle Receiver Research at Sandia. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Three-Dimensional Highly Conductive Graphene–Silver Nanowire Hybrid Foams for Flexible and Stretchable Conductors (2014)

Graphene foams have showed huge application potentials owing to their unique 3D structure and superior properties. Thus, it is highly desired to develop a simple and effective pathway to fabricate high performance graphene-based foams. Here, we present a polymer template-assisted assembly strategy for fabricating a novel class of graphene/AgNW hybrid foams. The hybrid foams show 3D ordered microstructures, high thermal stability, and excellent electrical and mechanical properties, and demonstrate huge application potential in the fields of flexible and stretchable conductors. Importantly, the polymer-template assisted assembly technique is simple, scalable, and low-cost, providing a new synthesis protocol for various multifunctional graphene hybrid foam-based composites.
Differential optical flow and the control of gaze during passive flight in a virtual world (2003)

Ground target head-tracking performance is used to empirically specify limits of gaze control during passive flight in a virtual world. The data indicate that head-tracking error is related directly to total angular velocity of the target. Simulation modeling of the optic flow demonstrates the differences between conventional optic flow with a fixed gaze and differential optic flow with a tracking gaze. Potential processing pathways are proposed for both the tracking function and the flight control function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Uses of<scp>X</scp>‐Ray Powder Diffraction In the Pharmaceutical Industry (2010)

Abstract X‐ray diffraction (XRD) has a broad range of applications in various stages of drug development and manufacturing, such as API characterization and identification. API characterization is more commonly applied during drug development while API identification is directed more towards manufacturing, regulatory aspects, and intellectual property. This article focuses on basic principles and experimental procedures of XRD and its application in API characterization and identification.
Development of a Printed E-Textile for the Measurement of Muscle Activation via EMG for the Purpose of Gesture Control (2021)

This paper details the development of an e-textile gesture controller using screen-printed electrodes to measure Electromyography (EMG); the electrical signals produced in a muscle during its use. The final e-textile consists of 7 fabric electrodes able to take measurements from three muscular groups in the right forearm. When accompanied with processing circuitry, also produced in this study, a total of five gestures are uniquely identified with an average accuracy of ~93% when operating with a switching delay of 150 ms or greater.
Single-chip millimeter wave radar (2015)

In this article we explore the coming consumer radar era, where tiny singlechip radar systems will be available for just a few dollars. These systems will use sophisticated waveform diversity and adaptive signal processing to optimize performance. Automotive radar concepts developed at the University of Melbourne are discussed, including CMOS RF transceivers, waveform and signal processing, and antennas.
Phase I and pharmacological study of weekly administration of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor SAM 486A (CGP 48 664) in patients with solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Early Clinical Studies Group. (2000)

A single-agent dose-escalating Phase I and pharmacological study of the polyamine synthesis inhibitor SAM 486A was performed. A dosing regimen of four weekly infusions followed by 2 weeks off therapy was studied. Fifty patients were entered into the study. Dose levels studied were 1.25, 2.5, 5, 8, 16, 32, 48, 70, 110, 170, 270, and 325 mg/m2/week. Pharmacokinetic sampling was done on day 1, and trough samples were taken weekly during the first treatment cycle. Pharmacodynamic sampling was done on days 1 and 22. At 325 mg/m2/week, dose-limiting toxicity was seen (one patient each with grade 4 febrile neutropenia, grade 3 neurotoxicity, and grade 3 hypotension with syncope and T-wave inversions on electrocardiogram). The recommended dose for further testing was set at 270 mg/m2/week. Infusion time was increased from 10 to 180 min due to facial paresthesias and flushing and somnolence. Drug exposure increased linearly with dose. Mean +/- SD t1,2 at 70-325 mg/m2 doses was 61.4+/-26.2 h, with a large volume of distribution at steady state. In peripheral blood leukocytes, a clear relationship between dose and inhibitory effect on S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase or changes in intracellular polyamine pools was not recorded. SAM 486A can be administered safely using a dosing regimen of four weekly infusions followed by 2 weeks off therapy. The recommended dose for Phase II studies using this regimen is 270 mg/m2/week.
LPA4/p2y9/GPR23 Mediates Rho-dependent Morphological Changes in a Rat Neuronal Cell Line (2006)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent lipid mediator that evokes a variety of biological responses in many cell types via its specific G protein-coupled receptors. In particular, LPA affects cell morphology, cell survival, and cell cycle progression in neuronal cells. Recently, we identified p2y(9)/GPR23 as a novel fourth LPA receptor, LPA(4) (Noguchi, K., Ishii, S., and Shimizu, T. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 25600-25606). To assess the functions of LPA(4) in neuronal cells, we used rat neuroblastoma B103 cells that lack endogenous responses to LPA. In B103 cells stably expressing LPA(4), we observed G(q/11)-dependent calcium mobilization, but LPA did not affect adenylyl cyclase activity. In LPA(4) transfectants, LPA induced dramatic morphological changes, i.e. neurite retraction, cell aggregation, and cadherin-dependent cell adhesion, which involved Rho-mediated signaling pathways. Thus, our results demonstrated that LPA(4) as well as LPA(1) couple to G(q/11) and G(12/13), whereas LPA(4) differs from LPA(1) in that it does not couple to G(i/o). Through neurite retraction and cell aggregation, LPA(4) may play a role in neuronal development such as neurogenesis and neuronal migration.
Effect of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation on neurologic function and expression of VEGF in rats with focal cerebral ischemia (2014)

There is evidence that the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells into rat models of cerebral ischemia reduces ischemic damage; however, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to assess the effect of transplantation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) on neurologic function and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. The left middle cerebral artery of adult Wistar rats was occluded for 90 min using a nylon thread, followed by reperfusion for 1 h. hBMSCs labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were stereotaxically injected into the ischemic boundary zone. Behavioral analysis using the Neurological Severity Score (NSS) was conducted on days 1, 3, 7 and 28, and a histologic evaluation was performed simultaneously. VEGF was detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis. Fifty rats were divided equally into five groups: Normal control, sham‑operated, operated (no transplantation), Dulbecco's medium Eagle's medium (DMEM)-injected (received only serum-free DMEM), and hBMSC-transplanted. The hBMSC-transplanted group showed significantly improved behavioral recovery compared with the operated and DMEM-transplanted groups on days 3, 7 and 28. Histological examination showed that transplanted cells migrated from the injection site into nearby areas including the cortex. Expression of VEGF was significantly greater in the hBMSC group compared with the other four groups on each assessment day. The expression of VEGF was found to be beneficial for functional recovery following cerebral ischemic injury and hBMSC transplantation stimulated the expression of VEGF. Transplantation of BMSCs may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating cerebral infarction.
An update on BTRON-specification OS development (2002)

BTRON (business TRON) specifications adopt a model, called the real/virtual object model, in the overall OS concept. This real/virtual object model is used as a data model for the file system and data exchange format, and is also applied to the operating environment and the environment for executing programs. This papers notes the information management model in BTRON specification, the status of the specifications being developed in the BTRON sub-project, outlines the course of development and looks ahead to the future outlook of the BTRON specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conductance Study of Ion Pairing of Alkali Metal Tetrafluoroborates and Hexafluorophosphates in Acetonitrile (1975)

High precision conductance measurements are reported for sodium, potassium, and rubidium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate in acetonitrile at 25 °C. The results are analyzed using the expanded form of the Fuoss–Hsia conductance equation. The ion size parameter, d, was systematically varied to obtain the value which gave best fit of the data to the equation. All salts were found to be associated, and the trends in association are discussed in terms of the ability of acetonitrile to solvate cations and anions.
Patient‐adjusted intermittent electrostimulation for treating stress and urge urinary incontinence (2004)

The concept of this ES system for treating UI is promising; this study supports the efficacy of this form of ES but no conclusions about clinical efficacy are possible at this stage, and thus a trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this implantable device is ongoing.
Carcinoembryonic antigen. Clinical and historical aspects (1976)

To further define and determine the usefulness of CEA, 1100 CEA determinations have been made over the past two years at The Ohio State University Hospitals on patients with a variety of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Correlation of CEA titers with history and clinical course has yielded interesting results not only in cancers of entodermally derived tissues, for which CEA has become an established adjunct in management, but also in certain other neoplasms and inflammatory states. The current total of 225 preoperative CEA determinations in colorectal carcinomas shows an 81% incidence of elevation, with postoperative titers remaining elevated in patients having only palliative surgery but falling to the negative zone after curative procedures. An excellent correlation exists between CEA levels and grade of tumor (more poorly differentiated tumors showing lower titers). Left-side colon lesions show significantly higher titers than right-side lesions. CEA values have been shown to be elevated in 90% of pancreatic carcinomas studied, in 60% of metastatic breast cancers, and in 35% of other tumors (ovary, head and neck, bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers). CEA levels in 35 ulcerative colitis patients show elevation during exacerbations (51%). During remissions titers fall toward normal, although in 31% still remaining greater than 2.5 ng/ml. In the six colectomies performed, CEA levels all fell into the negative zone postoperatively. Forty percent of adenomatous polyps showed elevated CEA titers (range 2.5-10.0) that dropped following polypectomy to the negative zone. Preoperative and postoperative CEA determinations are important in assessing the effectiveness of surgery. Serial CEA determinations are important in the follow-up period and in evaluation of the other modes of therapy (e.g., chemotherapy). These determinations of tumor antigenicity give the physician added prognostic insight into the behavior of the tumor growth. Rectal examination with guaiac determinations, sigmoidoscopy, cytology, barium enema, and a good clinical evaluation remain the primary tools for detecting colorectal disease. However, in the high-risk patient suspicious of developing cancer, CEA determinations as well as colonoscopy are now being used increasingly and provide additional highly valuable tools in the physician's armamentarium.
The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Current Evidence and Potential Therapeutic Applications (2021)

The well-known symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) are chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, post-exertional malaise and severe fatigue. Another class of symptoms commonly reported in the context of ME/CFS are gastrointestinal (GI) problems. These may occur due to comorbidities such as Crohn's disease or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or as a symptom of ME/CFS itself due to an interruption of the complex interplay between the gut microbiota (GM) and the host GI tract. An altered composition and overall decrease in diversity of GM has been observed in ME/CFS cases compared to controls. In this review, we reflect on genetics, infections, and other influences that may factor into the alterations seen in the GM of ME/CFS individuals, we discuss consequences arising from these changes, and we contemplate the therapeutic potential of treating the gut to alleviate ME/CFS symptoms holistically.
Improved Clipping Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM (2014)

Multicarrier modulation technique also known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is considered to be the most rapidly growing technique for 4th Generation wireless communication system. Due to its high speed data rate and its ability of multipath fading channel robustness. OFDM becomes an attractive technique and it is widely adopted in many wireless communications system. OFDM signal carries its major drawback of high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) problem. Out of band radiation and in band distortion produced due to its high PAPR. Mobile phone communication suffer severe drawback during its amplification. When OFDM employed a non linear Power Amplifier (PA), it produces the fluctuation in amplitude of OFDM signal. This paper discusses the method to overcome PAPR in terms of its performance by using improved clipping technique for PAPR reduction. This method is easy to implement and reduces the amount of PAPR by clipping the peak of the maximum power signal. We present an improved method for PARR reduction for reducing peak magnitude of OFDM signal. This scheme simultaneously minimizes the peak magnitude of PAPR in OFDM signal.
Behavioral Characterization of A53T Mice Reveals Early and Late Stage Deficits Related to Parkinson’s Disease (2013)

Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is characterized by the formation of intra-neuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies, which are comprised of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Duplication, triplication or genetic mutations in α-syn (A53T, A30P and E46K) are linked to autosomal dominant PD; thus implicating its role in the pathogenesis of PD. In both PD patients and mouse models, there is increasing evidence that neuronal dysfunction occurs before the accumulation of protein aggregates (i.e., α-syn) and neurodegeneration. Characterization of the timing and nature of symptomatic dysfunction is important for understanding the impact of α-syn on disease progression. Furthermore, this knowledge is essential for identifying pathways and molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. To this end, we examined various functional and morphological endpoints in the transgenic mouse model expressing the human A53T α-syn variant directed by the mouse prion promoter at specific ages relating to disease progression (2, 6 and 12 months of age). Our findings indicate A53T mice develop fine, sensorimotor, and synaptic deficits before the onset of age-related gross motor and cognitive dysfunction. Results from open field and rotarod tests show A53T mice develop age-dependent changes in locomotor activity and reduced anxiety-like behavior. Additionally, digigait analysis shows these mice develop an abnormal gait by 12 months of age. A53T mice also exhibit spatial memory deficits at 6 and 12 months, as demonstrated by Y-maze performance. In contrast to gross motor and cognitive changes, A53T mice display significant impairments in fine- and sensorimotor tasks such as grooming, nest building and acoustic startle as early as 1-2 months of age. These mice also show significant abnormalities in basal synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation and long-term depression (LTD). Combined, these data indicate the A53T model exhibits early- and late-onset behavioral and synaptic impairments similar to PD patients and may provide useful endpoints for assessing novel therapeutic interventions for PD.
Warm Ashes: Issues in Southern History at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century (2004)

Living history Searching the past for clues about the present Two things are immediately apparent from Warm Ashes: Issues in Southern History at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century. First and foremost, the field is as fertile as it has ever been. This collection includes ....
[Laser irradiation of venous blood for prevention of reperfusion syndrome in myocardial infarction]. (1993)

The antioxidant effect encountered in laser irradiation of venous blood suggested the study of the possibility of its use for the prevention of the reperfusion syndrome in myocardial infarction (MI). Analysis of biochemical, electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and morphohistological data obtained in experiments on male rats and in clinical cases showed that irradiation of venous blood by the LG-75 helium-neon laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm produced the best effect. The effect is realized through increase of collateral blood supply in the region of the MI and the antioxidant and antihypoxic action.
Supporting Application Deployment and Management in Fog Computing (2018)

Deploying and managing multi-component IoT applications in Fog computing scenarios is challenging due to the heterogeneity, scale and dynamicity of Fog infrastructures, as well as to the complexity of modern software systems. When deciding on where/how to (re-)allocate application components over the continuum from the IoT to the Cloud, application administrators need to find the best deployment, satisfying all application (hardware, software, QoS, IoT) requirements over the contextually available resources, also trading-o↵ non-functional desiderata (e.g., financial costs, security). This PhD thesis proposal aims at devising models, algorithms and methodologies to support the adaptive deployment and management of Fog applications.