gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic phase point determination for cardiac CT imaging (2004)

With the introduction of ultra-fast cone beam scanners, cardiac CT imaging has become feasible. In order to achieve excellent image quality, cardiac phases must be found during which the heart is quasi-stationary. Electrocardiogram (ECG) information does not always correspond to the exact motion-state of the heart, and there is high patient variability with respect to the motion pattern. The clinician has to select stable phases manually without an exact knowledge about the patient-specific motion. Therefore, several high-resolution volumes corresponding to different phases have to be reconstructed, which is an inefficient task. In this contribution, a simple and efficient image-based technique is introduced which is able to deliver patient-specific stable cardiac phases in an automatic fashion. For this purpose, a low-resolution 4D data set is reconstructed in advance. The most stable phases are derived from this 4D data set by calculating the similarity between subsequent positions in the cardiac cycle. Information about the patient-specific motion of the heart can be determined. High-resolution reconstructions are shown at the automatically predicted phase points corresponding to systole and diastole. The images are superior to images reconstructed at other phase points.
A Unique Polyester Staple-Core / Cotton-Wrap Yarn Made on a Tandem Spinning System (1993)

A unique, all-staple, core/wrap composite yarn of relatively fine size and low core content has been developed using the air-jet spinning and friction spinning technologies in tandem. First, a fine, high tenacity polyester staple yarn of 10-tex is spun on a Murata air-jet spinner, and this yarn is then used as the core material on a Dref-3 friction spinner. The air-jet yarn is covered with a wrap or sheath of 100% cotton fibers, producing a 30-tex, 33/67 polyester/cotton, composite yarn with a nearly 100% cotton surface. We have tested the yarn for its physical and mechanical properties, including core coverage factor and strip resistance, and compared it with the equivalent size polyester staple-core/cotton-wrap yarns produced by the USDA-patented ring spinning system. Because of the relatively fine size and low core percentage of the yarn, we were unable to produce a satisfactory comparable yarn on the Dref-3 spinner alone. The new air-jet/friction spun composite yarn can be knitted and woven without encountering stripping or other problems. This preliminary feasibility study has suc cessfully led to a unique integrated tandem spinning process that continuously and uninteruptedly produces an all-staple composite yam. The process will be reported on shortly.
Improving neutron detection in semiconducting<sup>6</sup>LiInSe<sub>2</sub> (2014)

Chalcopyrite crystals of <sup>6</sup>LiInSe<sub>2</sub> have recently been shown to respond to gamma and thermal neutron radiation. Thus far, large crystals have been prepared although the charge collection efficiency has not been sufficient for high energy resolution. In an effort to improve energy resolution needed for gamma spectroscopy as well as pulse shape discrimination for mixed gamma neutron fluxes, the precipitate concentration within the <sup>6</sup>LiInSe<sub>2</sub> crystal have been studied. The precipitate volume greatly affects the energy resolution in the pulse height spectrum. Further, the charge mobility varies greatly with holes being preferentially trapped by these precipitates or some other defect site within the crystal.
Bacterial Artificial Chromosome-Based Comparative Genomic Analysis Identifies <i>Mycobacterium microti</i> as a Natural ESAT-6 Deletion Mutant (2002)

Mycobacterium microti is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex that causes tuberculosis in voles. Most strains of M. microti are harmless for humans, and some have been successfully used as live tuberculosis vaccines. In an attempt to identify putative virulence factors of the tubercle bacilli, genes that are absent from the avirulent M. microti but present in human pathogen M. tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis were searched for. A minimal set of 50 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones that covers almost all of the genome of M. microti OV254 was constructed, and individual BACs were compared to the corresponding BACs from M. bovis AF2122/97 and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Comparison of pulsed-field gel-separated DNA digests of BAC clones led to the identification of 10 regions of difference (RD) between M. microti OV254 and M. tuberculosis. A 14-kb chromosomal region (RD1(mic)) that partly overlaps the RD1 deletion in the BCG vaccine strain was missing from the genomes of all nine tested M. microti strains. This region covers 13 genes, Rv3864 to Rv3876, in M. tuberculosis, including those encoding the potent ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens. In contrast, RD5(mic), a region that contains three phospholipase C genes (plcA to -C), was missing from only the vole isolates and was present in M. microti strains isolated from humans. Apart from RD1(mic) and RD5(mic) other M. microti-specific deleted regions have been identified (MiD1 to MiD3). Deletion of MiD1 has removed parts of the direct repeat region in M. microti and thus contributes to the characteristic spoligotype of M. microti strains.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Humans (1985)

The safety and immunogenicity of two Klebsiella pneumoniae K1 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) vaccines were evaluated in humans. Trace quantities of lipopolysaccharide present in vaccine preparations were detoxified by treatment of K1 CPS in a 95% ethanol-0.1 N NaOH solution. This procedure greatly reduced the pyrogenicity of K1 CPS but did not markedly alter its antigenicity, molecular size, or immunogenicity for animals. Volunteers received either 25 or 50 micrograms of untreated or NaOH-treated K1 CPS vaccine subcutaneously. Systemic reactions on primary vaccination were infrequent with both vaccine preparations. However, the frequency and severity of local reactions were substantially reduced after immunization with NaOH-treated vaccine as compared with untreated K1 CPS. All vaccinees responded with a fourfold or greater rise in IgG and IgM titers. IgG antibody to K1 CPS isolated from immune sera was highly effective in preventing fatal experimental burn wound sepsis due to K. pneumoniae K1 in mice.
A preliminary study on multi-wavelength PPG based pulse transit time detection for cuffless blood pressure measurement (2016)

Pulse transit time (PTT) has been widely studied as an index of blood pressure (BP) changes. In recent years, some prototypes of PTT-based wearable BP measurement devices have been developed, which can relieve users from the discomfort caused by the inflating cuff used in auscultatory and oscillometric BP measurement techniques. However, in the common practice for PTT detection, multi-site sensor implementation on human body is required, making it difficult for the integration of wearable devices. Since multi-wavelength (MW) photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals carry blood pulsation information of different blood vessels embedded in different skin depths, the time difference between different wavelength PPG signals collected at the same body site can be treated as a special PTT on a short length of blood vessels beneath the skin. In this work, the time difference between MW PPG, denoted as PTT_MW, was explored to track BP changes as a substitute of infrared (IR) PTT_EP. (PTT_EP is the time interval between electrocardiogram (ECG) and IR PPG.) Ten healthy adult subjects participated in the experiment, and their continuous BP, ECG and fingertip MW PPG signals generated from blue, green, yellow and IR light were recorded after 2-minute static handgrip exercise at 33% maximal voluntary contraction. The results showed that the correlation between Systolic BP (SBP) and IR-Blue PTT_MW (|r|= 0.52) was comparable to the correlation between SBP and IR PTT_EP (|r|= 0.59). Moreover, we optimized the wavelength combination of PTT_MWs for each subject and found the average value of optimal correlation between SBP and PTT_MW reached 0.76, which was significantly (p<;0.01) higher than the correlation between IR PTT_EP and SBP. This study reveals that the time difference between MW PPG can be potentially used as PTT for cuffless BP measurement with its unique advantage in simple sensor implementation at only one body site.
Formal verification of arbiters using property strengthening and underapproximations (2010)

Arbiters are commonly used components in electronic systems to control access to shared resources. In this paper, we describe a novel method to check starvation in random priority-based arbiters. Typical implementations of random priority-based arbiters use pseudo-random number generators such as linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) which makes them sequentially deep precluding a direct analysis of the design. The proposed technique checks a stronger bounded-starvation property; if the stronger property fails, we use the counter-example to construct an underapproximation abstraction. We next check the original property on the abstraction to check for its validity. We have found the approach to be a very effective bug hunting technique to reveal starvation issues in LFSR-based arbiters. We describe its successful application on formal verification of arbiters on a commercial processor design.
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of gold(<scp>iii</scp>) dialkyl/diaryldithiocarbamato complexes (2015)

A series of six dialkyl/diaryldithiocarbamato (dtc) gold(<sc>iii</sc>) complexes [Au(R<sub>2</sub>dtc)<sub>2</sub>]Cl (<bold>1</bold>,<bold>3</bold>, and<bold>5</bold>), and [Au(R<sub>2</sub>dtc)Cl<sub>2</sub>] (<bold>2</bold>,<bold>4</bold>, and<bold>6</bold>), (R = methyl, ethyl, and benzyl) was synthesised and evaluated for anticancer activity with promising results (EC<sub>50</sub>≈ 9.5 μM).
TSRA: An Adaptive Mechanism for Switching between Communication Modes in Full-Duplex Opportunistic Spectrum Access Systems (2016)

Full-duplex (FD) communications and self-interference suppression (SIS) techniques can be exploited in opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) systems for simultaneous transmission-sensing (TS) or simultaneous transmission-reception (TR). Motivated by the competing goals of primary user (PU) protection (in the TS mode) and secondary user (SU) performance (in the TR mode), we present an optimal adaptive switching strategy and an associated communication protocol for FD OSA systems. Specifically, we optimize the spectrum-awareness/efficiency tradeoff by allowing the SU link to adaptively switch between various modes, depending on the forecasted PU dynamics. The proposed three-stage adaptive mode-selection strategy maximizes an SU utility function subject to a constraint on the PU collision probability. We also propose a protocol that executes the switching mechanism in a distributed fashion. In practice, SIS is imperfect, resulting in residual self-interference that degrades the sensing performance in the TS mode. Accordingly, we study different spectrum sensing techniques in the TS mode, while illustrating their accuracy-complexity tradeoff. We evaluate the performance of the proposed switching scheme against the listen-before-talk (LBT) scheme using numerical results, simulations, and hardware USRP experiments.
A Simple Model of Oxygen Diffusion Out of the Retinal Artery (2008)

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility that oxygen (O2) diffusion out of the retinal artery (RA) can explain the observed significant (P<0.001) decrease of oxygen saturation (O2Sat) in RA as intraocular pressure (IOP) is raised from 10 to 55 mmHg. Hyperspectral image data from normal monkeys' optic nerve head (ONH) and overlying retinal blood vessels were recorded at IOP settings of 10, 30, 45 and 55 mmHg. Average percent O2Sat values of the RAs were found from the recorded blood spectra by comparing to reference spectra from saturated and desaturated red cell suspensions. Percent O2Sat of the RAs was 78.9% at IOP of 10 mmHg. This decreased to 74.1% at 45 mmHg (P=0.01); and further decreased to 51.5% at IOP = 55 mmHg (P<0.0001). To interpret these results, we developed a simple diffusion model assuming that the RA is surrounded by tissues in equilibrium with venous oxygen tension (PO2). O2 flux across the arterial wall was calculated by Fick’s law. The percentage of O2 diffusing out of the RA were 0.6% at IOP of 10 mmHg, and 38% at IOP of 55 mmHg. Confirmation still requires measurement of blood velocity.
Amphiphilic Ruthenium Sensitizer with 4,4‘-Diphosphonic Acid-2,2‘-bipyridine as Anchoring Ligand for Nanocrystalline Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (2004)

A new amphiphilic polypyridyl ruthenium complex, cis-Ru(dpbpy)(dnbpy)(NCS)2 (dpbpy = 4,4‘-diphosphonic acid-2,2‘-bipyridine; dnbpy = 4,4‘-dinonyl-2,2‘-bipyridine), was synthesized and demonstrated as an efficient sensitizer. The sensitizer was characterized by NMR, voltammetry, ATR-FTIR, resonance Raman, as well as electronic absorption and emission spectra. Nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with this new sensitizer generated ≥8.0% power conversion efficiencies under illumination with simulated air mass 1.5 sunlight. This is the first time such a high solar-to-electricity power conversion efficiency for DSCs has been reached by a sensitizer bearing non-carboxylic acid anchoring groups. Additionally, the devices exhibited excellent stability under light soaking at 55 to 60 °C. Time-resolved nanosecond laser experiments revealed that the dye regeneration rate of this new sensitizer seems to be quite similar but the charge recombination is significantly slower in comparison to the analogues carboxylated sensitizer.
Analysis of input-polarization-induced phase noise in interferometric fiber-optic sensors and its reduction using polarization scrambling (1990)

The dependence of the phase shift of an interferometric fiber sensor on the input state of polarization is analyzed, and it is shown that fluctuations in the input polarization to a fiber interferometer can lead to the generation of excess phase noise. The relationship between this effect and the variation in visibility with input polarization is described and theoretically confirmed. The use of depolarized source light to eliminate input-polarization-induced excess phase noise is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CD47-CAR-T Cells Effectively Kill Target Cancer Cells and Block Pancreatic Tumor Growth (2017)

CD47 is a glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is often overexpressed in different types of hematological and solid cancer tumors and plays important role in blocking phagocytosis, increased tumor survival, metastasis and angiogenesis. In the present report, we designed CAR (chimeric antigen receptor)-T cells that bind CD47 antigen. We used ScFv (single chain variable fragment) from mouse CD47 antibody to generate CD47-CAR-T cells for targeting different cancer cell lines. CD47-CAR-T cells effectively killed ovarian, pancreatic and other cancer cells and produced high level of cytokines that correlated with expression of CD47 antigen. In addition, CD47-CAR-T cells significantly blocked BxPC3 pancreatic xenograft tumor growth after intratumoral injection into NSG mice. Moreover, we humanized mouse CD47 ScFv and showed that it effectively bound CD47 antigen. The humanized CD47-CAR-T cells also specifically killed ovarian, pancreatic, and cervical cancer cell lines and produced IL-2 that correlated with expression of CD47. Thus, CD47-CAR-T cells can be used as a novel cellular therapeutic agent for treating different types of cancer.
Efficient Pig Counting in Crowds with Keypoints Tracking and Spatial-aware Temporal Response Filtering (2020)

Pig counting is a crucial task for large-scale pig farming, which is usually completed by human visually. But this process is very time-consuming and error-prone. Few studies in literature developed automated pig counting method. Existing methods only focused on pig counting using single image, and its accuracy is challenged by several factors, including pig movements, occlusion and overlapping. Especially, the field of view of a single image is very limited, and could not meet the requirements of pig counting for large pig grouping houses. To that end, we presented a real-time automated pig counting system in crowds using only one monocular fisheye camera with an inspection robot. Our system showed that it produces accurate results surpassing human. Our pipeline began with a novel bottom-up pig detection algorithm to avoid false negatives due to overlapping, occlusion and deformation of pigs. A deep convolution neural network (CNN) is designed to detect keypoints of pig body part and associate the keypoints to identify individual pigs. After that, an efficient on-line tracking method is used to associate pigs across video frames. Finally, a novel spatial-aware temporal response filtering (STRF) method is proposed to predict the counts of pigs, which is effective to suppress false positives caused by pig or camera movements or tracking failures. The whole pipeline has been deployed in an edge computing device, and demonstrated the effectiveness.
Navigating Congested Environments with Risk Level Sets (2018)

In this paper, we address the problem of navigating in a cluttered environment by introducing a congestion cost that maps the density and motion of objects to an occupancy risk. We propose that an agent can choose a “risk level set” from this cost function and construct a planning space from this set. In choosing different levels of risk, the agent adjusts its interactions with the other agents. From the assumption that agents are self-preserving, we show that any agent planning within their risk level set will avoid collisions with other agents. We then present an application of planning with risk level sets in the framework of an autonomous vehicle driving along a highway. Using the risk level sets, the agent can determine safe zones when planning a sequence of lane changes. Through simulations in Matlab, we demonstrate how the choice of risk threshold manifests as aggressive or conservative behavior.
Coded rolling shutter photography: Flexible space-time sampling (2010)

We propose a novel readout architecture called coded rolling shutter for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. Rolling shutter has traditionally been considered as a disadvantage to image quality since it often introduces skew artifact. In this paper, we show that by controlling the readout timing and the exposure length for each row, the row-wise exposure discrepancy in rolling shutter can be exploited to flexibly sample the 3D space-time volume of scene appearance, and can thus be advantageous for computational photography. The required controls can be readily implemented in standard CMOS sensors by altering the logic of the control unit. We propose several coding schemes and applications: (1) coded readout allows us to better sample time dimension for high-speed photography and optical flow based applications; and (2) row-wise control enables capturing motion-blur free high dynamic range images from a single shot. While a prototype chip is currently in development, we demonstrate the benefits of coded rolling shutter via simulation using images of real scenes.
Psoriasin expression in mammary epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. (2002)

We determined, by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) analysis of normal and DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) mammary epithelial cells, that psoriasin and several other genes implicated in psoriasis are aberrantly expressed in high-grade, comedo DCIS. Real-time PCR, mRNA in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical analysis of breast carcinomas confirmed that psoriasin is frequently overexpressed in estrogen receptor-negative tumors. To gain insight into regulatory pathways that control psoriasin expression, we developed polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and investigated mechanisms that may account for elevated levels of psoriasin in DCIS. Here, we report that loss of attachment to extracellular matrix, growth factor deprivation, and confluent conditions dramatically up-regulate psoriasin expression in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. All of these conditions are characteristic of high-grade DCIS and psoriatic skin lesions; therefore, the same mechanisms may be responsible for increased expression of psoriasin in vitro and in vivo.
Potent and Selective Tetrahydroisoquinoline Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists of Lead Compound (3<i>R</i>)-<i>N</i>-[1<i>R</i>)-1-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-2-methylpropyl]-7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide (CDTic) (2018)

Animal pharmacological studies suggest that potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonists have potential as pharmacotherapies targeting depression, anxiety, and substance abuse (opiates, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine). We recently reported lead compound 1 as a new class of κ opioid receptor antagonists with only one basic amine group. Analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro opioid receptor antagonist properties using a [<sup>35</sup>S]GTPγS binding assay. All analogues were pure opioid receptor antagonists with no agonist activity. Compounds 1, 8, 9, 13, and 14 ( K<sub>e</sub> values 0.058-0.64 nM) are highly potent and highly selective for the κ relative to the μ and δ opioid receptors. Favorable calculated physiochemical properties were confirmed in rat PK studies, demonstrating brain penetration for selected compounds 1, 9, and 13. High κ opioid receptor potency and selectivity and highly favorable calculated physiochemical and PK properties for brain penetration suggest these compounds should be considered for further development.
Analysis of spatial domain multiplexing/space division multiplexing (SDM) based hybrid architectures operating in tandem with wavelength division multiplexing (2014)

Spatial domain multiplexing (SDM) also known as space division multiplexing adds a new degree of photon freedom to existing optical fiber multiplexing techniques by allocating separate radial locations to different MIMO channels as a function of the input launch angle. These independent MIMO channels remain confined to the designated location while traversing the length of the carrier fiber, due to helical propagation of light inside the fiber core. The SDM technique can be used in tandem with other multiplexing techniques, such as time division multiplexing (TDM), and wavelength division multiplexing in hybrid optical communication schemes, to achieve higher optical fiber bandwidth by increasing the photon efficiency due to added degrees of photon freedom. This paper presents the feasibility of a novel hybrid optical fiber communications architecture and shows that SDM channels of different operating wavelengths continue to follow the input launch angle based radial distribution pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+‐)‐STEGANACIN (1976)

Abstract Ausgehend von Homopiperonylalkohol (Ia) wird über die Stufen (Ib), (Ic), (III) [ 52% Ausbeute, bezogen auf (Ia)], (IV), (Va), (Vb) und (Vc) (i)‐Steganon (VI) dargestellt, das durch Reduktion ein trennbares 45 : 55‐Gemisch von (i)‐Steganol (VIIa) und (i)‐Episteganol (V Ilb) liefert.
Masked depth culling for graphics hardware (2015)

Hierarchical depth culling is an important optimization, which is present in all modern high performance graphics processors. We present a novel culling algorithm based on a layered depth representation, with a per-sample mask indicating which layer each sample belongs to. Our algorithm is feed forward in nature in contrast to previous work, which rely on a delayed feedback loop. It is simple to implement and has fewer constraints than competing algorithms, which makes it easier to load-balance a hardware architecture. Compared to previous work our algorithm performs very well, and it will often reach over 90% of the efficiency of an optimal culling oracle. Furthermore, we can reduce bandwidth by up to 16% by compressing the hierarchical depth buffer.