gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software Integration for Multivariate Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (2002)

This paper describes a decade&apos;s worth of evolution of integrating software to support exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) where there are multiple measured attributes. The multivariate graphics tools we use are XGobi, and more recently, GGobi. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, we review early experiments in software linking for ESDA, which used XGobi, di#erent Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and the statistical analysis packages S and XploRe. We discuss applications, capabilities and deficits of these existing links. In the second part we describe GGobi, the descendant of XGobi, which was designed with software integration as a fundamental goal. GGobi lends itself to broader possibilities for linking with other software for richer ESDA.
Internet Traffic Classification Using Machine Learning (2007)

Internet traffic identification and classification is vital to the areas of network management and security monitoring, network planning, and QoS provision. Traditional approaches such as port-based and payload-based identification are becoming increasingly difficult with many new applications (e.g. P2P) using dynamic port numbers, masquerading techniques, and encryption to avoid detection. An alternative approach is to classify traffic by exploiting the distinctive characteristics of flow statistics. We present here a traffic classification scheme based on machine learning (ML). The performance impact of the dataset size, feature selection and ML algorithm selection is demonstrated by experiments. The genetic algorithm based feature selection can dramatically reduce the ML learning and modeling time with less decrease or even a bit increase in classification accuracy. The chosen ML algorithms: TAN, C4.5, NBTree, RandomForest and distance weighted KNN, can reach high classification accuracy. Typically, C4.5 and RandomForest are superior to other ML algorithms in computational complexity. Besides, experiments show that the size of data set would impact on the classification performance, and tuning dataset's size could meet the requirements of specific applications.
The Effect of Temperature and Solution pH on Tetragonal Lysozyme Nucleation Kinetics (1998)

Part of the challenge of macromolecular crystal growth for structure determination is obtaining an appropriate number of crystals with a crystal volume suitable for x-ray analysis. In this respect an understanding of the effect of solution conditions on macromolecule nucleation rates is advantageous. This study investigated the effects of supersaturation, temperature and pH on the nucleation rate of tetragonal lysozyme crystals. Batch crystallization plates were prepared at given solution concentrations and incubated at set temperatures over one week. The number of crystals per well with their size and axial ratios were recorded and correlated with solution conditions, Duplicate experiments indicate the reproducibility of the technique, Crystal numbers were found to increase with increasing supersaturation and temperature. The most significant variable however, was pH, where crystal numbers changed by two orders of magnitude over the pH range 4.0 to 5.2. Crystal size varied also with solution conditions, with the largest crystals being obtained at pH 5.2. Having optimized the crystallization conditions, a batch of crystals were prepared under exactly the same conditions and fifty of these crystals were analyzed by x-ray techniques. The results indicate that even under the same crystallization conditions, a marked variation in crystal properties exists.
Affinity chromatographic isolation of the melanoma adhesion receptor for the IIICS region of fibronectin and its identification as the integrin alpha 4 beta 1. (1990)

Eukaryotic cells adhere to at least two different regions of the fibronectin molecule: a central domain present in all fibronectin isoforms, and the type III connecting segment domain (IIICS), the expression of which is controlled by complex alternative splicing of precursor mRNA. Using affinity chromatography on a matrix containing a synthetic peptide ligand (CS1) representing the strongest active site within the IIICS, we have isolated the human melanoma cell receptor recognizing this region of fibronectin. The receptor is a complex of two polypeptides with subunit molecular masses of 145 and 125 kDa. This heterodimeric structure resembles that of receptors for other extracellular matrix proteins. Immunological analysis with specific antibodies identified these polypeptides as the integrin subunits alpha 4 and beta 1. In addition, antifunctional monoclonal antibodies directed against either alpha 4 or beta 1, but not against other integrin subunits, were potent inhibitors of CS1-mediated melanoma cell spreading. Furthermore, when the function of the central cell-binding domain was blocked, anti-alpha 4 and anti-beta 1 antibodies abolished spreading of A375-M cells on fibronectin, indicating that alpha 4 beta 1 is an authentic fibronectin receptor. Taken together, these results identify the human fibronectin IIICS receptor as the integrin heterodimer alpha 4 beta 1.
Treatability in severe personality disorders: how far do the science and art of psychotherapy carry us? (2007)

Personality disorders, severe and otherwise, constitute what one might call afuzzy set, after the theory developed by Lotfi Zadeh (1987), and expanded by Bart Kosko (1993). An analogous concept is that of “warmth” as applied to the ambient temperature: there are numbers below which almost no one would consider the temperature “warm,” and other readings, say – above 122 °F/50 °C – that would almost universally be experienced astoo warm. As the temperature approached 50 °C, gradually increasing percentages of people would conclude it was “too hot.” This gradual change, which would speed up as one got very near to 50 °C, is the fuzzy set. As Kosko points out, the termlife is itself fuzzy (p. 242). When it begins (when the sperm meets the egg? at the blastula stage? later?) is a matter of shading; a matter of degree and debate. Questions concerning fuzzy sets are decided often by expert opinion, not precise scientific measurement. In the domain of medical diagnosis, models that use cluster analysis may begin with performing a clustering algorithm on a set of patients – “by examining (a) the similarity of the presence and (b) the severity of symptom patterns exhibited by each” (Klir and Folger, 1988, p. 252). The authors mention that the similarity measure is usually computed between the symptoms of the patient in question and the symptoms of a patient possessing (by experts' agreement) the prototypical symptom pattern for each possible disease or condition.
Hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in boron nitride for near-field optical imaging and focusing (2015)

Hyperbolic materials exhibit sub-diffractional, highly directional, volume-confined polariton modes. Here we report that hyperbolic phonon polaritons allow for a flat slab of hexagonal boron nitride to enable exciting near-field optical applications, including unusual imaging phenomenon (such as an enlarged reconstruction of investigated objects) and sub-diffractional focusing. Both the enlarged imaging and the super-resolution focusing are explained based on the volume-confined, wavelength dependent propagation angle of hyperbolic phonon polaritons. With advanced infrared nanoimaging techniques and state-of-art mid-infrared laser sources, we have succeeded in demonstrating and visualizing these unexpected phenomena in both Type I and Type II hyperbolic conditions, with both occurring naturally within hexagonal boron nitride. These efforts have provided a full and intuitive physical picture for the understanding of the role of hyperbolic phonon polaritons in near-field optical imaging, guiding, and focusing applications.
Physical-Mechanical Properties of Nitrodopes Affected by Ultra-Violet Radiation (2007)

The FTIR spectroscopy has been employed in this research work to monitor theprocess of nitrodope photodegradation, by measuring surfaces of bands typical of a nitrogroup. Nitric esters are subject to degradation, which is reflected on a quantitative ratio ofthe surfaces of the IR bands that originate from the nitric ester. The obtained results showthat the length of the UV rays' activity on the samples over the time periods of 240, 480and 960 minutes directly affects the spectrum appearance of the same sample before andafter the irradiation. The longer the action time of the UV rays and the higher a masspercentage of nitrocellulose in the nitrodope is, the smaller the bands' surfaces become, i.e.the level of degradation is higher. In order to confirm the degradation of nitrodope, thedegree of crosslinking has also been examined by determining the König hardness and alsothe mean viscosity molar mass has been defined repeatedly applying the capillaryviscosimetry method.
Research on Current-sharing Control Technique for Paralleled Converters (2008)

This paper first introduced the reasons of traditional paralleled converterpsilas not being current-sharing. The fuzzy logical control is applied to parallel converterpsilas current-sharing control technology by making an in-depth research and design on current-sharing looppsilas fuzzy logical controller. In order to reduce adjustable-range of current and make each modulepsilas current balance quickly, a middle current-programming automatic current-sharing technique is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed current-sharing control method can achieve better dynamic current-sharing and load-sharing characters, and can operate well within the large adjustable-load range.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of onion flavours—relationship of onion pyruvate content on flavour yield (1995)

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction has been shown to produce fresh onion‐like flavour extracts, a flavour uncharacteristic of distilled commercial extracts. Relationships between onion cultivars and pyruvate content and extract yield were studied in an effort to select high extract oil yielding cultivars and to optimise the overall extract process. Flavour oil yield of five onion cultivars analysed ranged from 0.04 to 0.16 g kg −1 of initial raw product weight. Cultivars, Norstar and MSU selection 3506, showed higher flavour yields than others. Extra sweet yellow onion samples had lowest pyruvate content and gave the lowest flavour yield. A significant positive correlation between pyruvate content of onions and their supercritical carbon dioxide extracted onion flavour yield was obtained.
Two-Phase Microfluidics for Semiconductor Circuits and Fuel Cells (2006)

Industrial trends are presenting major challenges and opportunities for research on two-phase flows in microchannels. Semiconductor companies are developing 3D circuits for which multilevel microfluidic cooling is important. Gas delivery microchannels are promising for PEM fuel cells in portable electronics. However, data and modeling are needed for flow regime stability, liquid entrainment/clogging, and bubble inception/departure in complex 2D and 3D geometries. This paper provides an overview of the Stanford two-phase microfluidics program, with a focus on recent experimental and theoretical progress. Microfabrication technologies are used to distribute heaters, thermometers, pressure sensors, and liquid injection ports along the flow path. Liquid PIV quantifies forces on bubbles, and fluorescence imaging detects flow shapes and liquid volume fraction. Separated flow models account for conjugate conduction, liquid injection, evaporation, and a variety of flow regimes. This work benefits strongly from interactions with semiconductor and fuel cell companies seeking validated models for product design.
Bioelectrochemical Monitoring of Phenols and Aromatic Amines in Flow Injection Using Novel Plant Peroxidases (1998)

An amperometric flow system combined with a glucose oxidase-mutarotase reactor was optimized and used to determine aromatic amines and phenols using peroxidase-modified graphite electrodes. An increase in currents upon injection of the analyzed substrate was shown to be approximated by a Michaelis-Menten type dependence. The detection limit was calculated as 3 times the noise, and the sensitivity was calculated as Imax/K(m)app. Commercially available horseradish peroxidase was compared with tobacco anionic and peanut cationic peroxidases for determination of aromatic amines and phenols. Detection limits of 10 nM for determination of o-aminophenol and o- and p-phenylenediamine achieved with a tobacco peroxidase-modified electrode give a promise for further improvements in sensitivities and detection limits of biosensors.
A novel class of conformationally restricted heterocyclic muscarinic agonists (1986)

A series of conformationally restricted compounds containing the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol (THPO) skeleton, including O-methyl-THPO (10a) and O,5-dimethyl-THPO (11a), were synthesized. The compounds were designed by bioisosteric replacement of the methyl ester groups of the muscarinic cholinergic agonists norarecoline and arecoline by the 3-methoxyisoxazole group, and their interactions with central and peripheral muscarinic receptors were tested in vitro. The compounds 10a, 11a, O-ethyl-THPO (10b), O-propargyl-THPO (10j), and O-ethyl-5-methyl-THPO (11b) were inhibitors of the binding of the muscarinic mustard [3H]PrBCM to rat brain membranes with an increasing order of potency. There was, however, a very low degree of correlation between these binding data and the effects of the compounds on peripheral (ileal) muscarinic receptors, where 11a, 10j, 11b, and 10a were agonists with a decreasing order of potency, whereas O-isopropyl-THPO (10e) showed antagonistic effects. The relatively low pKa values of the compounds (7.5-7.7 for compounds with secondary and 6.1-7.0 for compounds with tertiary amino groups) are likely to allow the compounds to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
A high performance 256K (512K) static ROM (1983)

A 256K ROM, fully expandable to 512K, has been fabricated. The ROM utilizes 2.5-/spl mu/m NMOS multiple threshold technology. It has a typical access time of 120 ns and uses push-pull circuitry to achieve an active current of 60 mA and a standby current of 1.9 mA. Total chip size is 39K mil/SUP 2/ for the 256K version. A modified X-cell has been chosen which requires 7.5 /spl mu/m. Current sensing was chosen to optimize access time.
ReLayNet: retinal layer and fluid segmentation of macular optical coherence tomography using fully convolutional networks (2017)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used for non-invasive diagnosis of diabetic macular edema assessing the retinal layers. In this paper, we propose a new fully convolutional deep architecture, termed ReLayNet, for end-to-end segmentation of retinal layers and fluid masses in eye OCT scans. ReLayNet uses a contracting path of convolutional blocks (encoders) to learn a hierarchy of contextual features, followed by an expansive path of convolutional blocks (decoders) for semantic segmentation. ReLayNet is trained to optimize a joint loss function comprising of weighted logistic regression and Dice overlap loss. The framework is validated on a publicly available benchmark dataset with comparisons against five state-of-the-art segmentation methods including two deep learning based approaches to substantiate its effectiveness.
Cold pearl surfactant-based blends (1997)

Pearlizing agents have been used for many years in cosmetic formulations to add a pearlescent effect. Cold pearl surfactant-based blends are mixtures of glycol stearates and surfactants which can be blended in the cold into a wide range of personal-care formulations to create a pearlescent lustre effect. Under controlled manufacturing conditions constant viscosities and crystalline characteristics can be obtained. The development of these blends has been driven by efforts to improve the economics of adding solid pearlizing agents directly into a hot mix formulation. This paper summarizes the history of pearlizers, describes their advantages and physical chemistry of the manufacturing process. Finally some suggestions for applications are given. Les agents nacrants sont utilises depuis de nombreuses annees dans les formulations cosmetiques pour ajouter un effet nacre. Les melanges a froid a base de tensioactif nacre sont des melanges de stearates de glycol et de tensioactifs qui peuvent etre melanges a froid dans une large gamme de formulations d'hygiene personnelle pour creer un effet de lustre nacre. On peut obtenir des viscosites et des proprietes cristallines constantes avec des conditions de fabrication maitrisees. Le developpement de ces melanges a ete porte par les efforts pour ameliorer les couts de l'ajout d'agents nacrants solides directement dans une formulation melangee de l'ajout d'agents nacrants solides directement dans une formulation melangee a chaud. Cet article resume l'histoire des agents nacrants, decrit leurs avantages et al physico-chimie du procede de fabrication. On emet a la fin cetaines suggestions d'applications.
Gold nanoparticles inlaid TiO2 photoanodes: a superior candidate for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (2013)

By designing a fine-controlled nanocomposite with Au nanoparticles (∼2 nm in size) directly inlaid in TiO2 as working electrode, efficiency (η) of 10.1% for a dye-sensitized solar cell with an open-circuit photovoltage of 863 mV and a short-circuit photocurrent of 15.71 mA cm−2 have been achieved, giving an enhancement of 97 mV in photovoltage, 63% in photocurrent and 84% in efficiency compared to the cell with pure TiO2 photoanode (η = 5.5%). As compared to pure TiO2, besides the local-field optical enhancement near the TiO2 surface caused by plasma resonance of Au nanoparticles which increases the dye absorption and hence the amount of photogenerated charge contributing to the photocurrent, it is evidenced that not only the quasi-Fermi level of Au–TiO2 photoanode can be modulated to more negative potentials by controlling the mass ratio of Au–TiO2, but their mosaic nanostructure reduces the charge recombination rate effectively, both leading to a marked enhancement of photovoltage. Our results prove that the unique nanostructural, physical and chemical properties of the direct mosaic nanoarchitecture of ∼2 nm Au and TiO2 make them valuable materials as working electrodes for DSSCs to achieve high photovoltage and hence further improve the performance.
An approach a new 1 V supply resistorless voltage reference using Schottky diode (2018)

This work presents the design of a new 1 V supply resistorless voltage reference using Schottky diode. The designed circuit also provides a temperature-compensated output current in nano-amper order. The nominal output voltage (VREF) and output current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> ) are 741 mV and 15 nA, respectively. The total current consumption and the layout area are 500 nA and 0.011 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. The line regulation sensitivity for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> are 0.5 mV/V and 29 pA/V, respectively. The power supply rejection ratio is -41 dB at DC for a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The circuit operates with a supply voltage from 2.5 V to 1.0 V. The temperature range used in simulations is -40 °C to 85 °C and the technology used in this work is a commercial 130 nm CMOS process.
Lactose drives <i>Enterococcus</i> expansion to promote graft-versus-host disease (2019)

Disruption of intestinal microbial communities appears to underlie many human illnesses, but the mechanisms that promote this dysbiosis and its adverse consequences are poorly understood. In patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), we describe a high incidence of enterococcal expansion, which was associated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and mortality. We found that <i>Enterococcus</i> also expands in the mouse gastrointestinal tract after allo-HCT and exacerbates disease severity in gnotobiotic models. <i>Enterococcus</i> growth is dependent on the disaccharide lactose, and dietary lactose depletion attenuates <i>Enterococcus</i> outgrowth and reduces the severity of GVHD in mice. Allo-HCT patients carrying lactose-nonabsorber genotypes showed compromised clearance of postantibiotic <i>Enterococcus</i> domination. We report lactose as a common nutrient that drives expansion of a commensal bacterium that exacerbates an intestinal and systemic inflammatory disease.
X-Ray Fingerprinting Routine for Cut Diamonds (2004)

iamonds, whether rough or cut (figure Gemological laboratories routinely evaluate the carat weight, color, clarity, and cut characteristics of faceted diamonds, and record them on a report that serves not only as a basis for the gem's value, but also as a record that can help in the later identification of a stone. These identifying characteristics may be useful in the event of loss or theft, and for tracking diamonds that may be resubmitted to laboratories for regrading. However, re-identification may become difficult or impossible if the stone has undergone any of the following:
Sesquiterpene Lactones from <i>Centaurea </i><i>s</i><i>pinosa</i> and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities (2005)

Ten sesquiterpene lactones, 8alpha-O-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyloxy)sonchucarpolide (4-epi-malacitanolide) (1), 8alpha-O-(4-acetoxy-2-hydroxymethylbuten-2-oyloxy)-4-epi-sonchucarpolide (2), malacitanolide (3), its 4'-acetyl derivative (4), 8alpha-O-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyloxy)dehydromelitensine (5), 8alpha-O-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyloxy)-15-oxo-5,7alphaH,6betaH-eleman-1,3,11(13)-trien-6,12-olide (6), the germacranolides 8alpha-O-(4-acetoxy-2-hydroxymethylbuten-2-oyloxy)salonitenolide (7), cnicin (8), and 4'-acetylcnicin (9), and the sesquiterpene methyl 8alpha-O-(3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyloxy)-6alpha,15-dihydroxyelema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-oate (10), were isolated from the aerial parts of Centaurea spinosa. Nine known flavonoids were also isolated. The structures and the stereochemistry of the new compounds 1 and 2 were deduced by spectroscopic methods. The in vitro activity of 1-10 against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated using a microdilution method, and their in vitro cytotoxic activity was determined against a panel of human tumor cell lines.