gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLEIADES: high peak brightness, subpicosecond Thomson hard x-ray source (2003)

The Picosecond Laser-Electron Inter-Action for the Dynamic Evaluation of Structures (PLEIADES) facility, is a unique, novel, tunable (10-200 keV), ultrafast (ps-fs), hard x-ray source that greatly extends the parameter range reached by existing 3rd generation sources, both in terms of x-ray energy range, pulse duration, and peak brightness at high energies. First light was observed at 70 keV early in 2003, and the experimental data agrees with 3D codes developed at LLNL. The x-rays are generated by the interaction of a 50 fs Fourier-transform-limited laser pulse produced by the TW-class FALCON CPA laser and a highly focused, relativistic (20-100 MeV), high brightness (1 nC, 0.3-5 ps, 5 mm.mrad 0.2% energy spread) photo-electron bunch. The resulting x-ray brightness is expected to exceed 10<sup>20</sup> ph/mm<sup>2</sup>/s/mrad<sup>2</sup>/0.1% BW. The beam is well-collimated (10 mrad divergence over the full spectrum, 1 mrad for a single color), and the source is a unique tool for time-resolved dynamic measurements in matter, including high-Z materials.
Automatic calibration of in-vehicle portable inclinometer using mobile phone for vehicle navigation (2017)

An in-vehicle portable inclinometer using mobile phone for vehicle navigation is proposed using forward vehicle acceleration, pitch angular velocity of the gyroscope and longitudinal acceleration of accelerometer to calculate the in-vehicle inclination angle. The in-vehicle portable inclinometer can perform automatic calibration to remove the misalignment pitch offset angle in both the Stationary-mode and Moving-mode. The calibration is performed with an external 3D Geographic Information System (GIS) database that has an attribute that records the road grades of road segments.
Tooth whitening clinical trials: a global perspective. (2007)

Tooth whitening has been the subject of extensive clinical trials research since the introduction of the first hydrogen-peroxide whitening strips in 2000. Availability of digital image analysis, an unambiguous and reproducible method for assessing color change, has contributed to global clinical research and product development on whitening strips. The research has included a series of global randomized controlled trials in distinct sites and cultures, involving 6-6.5% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips used for 7-21 days. These studies, conducted at research hospitals, dental schools, and private dental practice, demonstrated significant color improvement with whitening strips relative to baseline and/or various controls without serious adverse events. This integrated clinical trials research provides important evidence of long-term safety and effectiveness of tooth whitening with 6-6.5% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips.
Total Syntheses of Ningalin A, Lamellarin O, Lukianol A, and Permethyl Storniamide A Utilizing Heterocyclic Azadiene Diels−Alder Reactions (1998)

Concise, efficient total syntheses of ningalin A (1), lamellarin O (2), lukianol A (3), and permethyl storniamide A (5) are detailed on the basis of a common heterocyclic azadiene Diels−Alder strategy (1,2,4,5-tetrazine → 1,2-diazine → pyrrole) ideally suited for construction of the densely functionalized pyrrole cores found in the three classes of marine natural products. Examination of the natural products and a number of synthetic intermediates revealed that some including lamellarin O (2) and lukianol A (3) exhibit modest cytotoxic activity against both wild-type and multidrug-resistant tumor cell lines. Fundamentally more important, a new class of agents including permethyl storniamide A (5) and its precursor 30, which lack inherent cytotoxic activity, are disclosed which reverse the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype, resensitizing a human colon cancer cell line (HCT116/VM46) to vinblastine and doxorubicin at lower doses than the prototypical agent verapamil.
A MURS Band Digital Quadrature Transmitter With Class-B I/Q Cell Sharing for Long Range IoT Applications (2018)

This brief presents a quadrature digital transmitter operating in the multiuse radio service (MURS) frequency band for low power and long-range Internet of Things applications. We introduce a narrowband modulation scheme compliant with the MURS band as an alternative solution for low data-rate wide-area coverage. We present a transmitter architecture based on switched-current power amplifier cells that uses a digital class-B input codeword profile in combination with 25% duty cycled LOs to achieve high efficiency at low transmitted power levels. The transmitter is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process and its performance is measured for single-tone and multitone transmissions at 5 and 384 kb/s, respectively. It operates from a 1.2-V supply and delivers a peak efficiency of 41% at a peak output power of 0 dBm. The error vector magnitude at 384 kb/s is 4.2%.
Chemical stability of hydrogen transport membranes. (2007)

The objective of this work is to develop dense ceramic membranes for separating hydrogen from other gaseous components in a nongalvanic mode, i.e., without using an external power supply or electrical circuitry.
A novel interferometric millimeter wave Doppler radar architecture (2013)

A universal, mixerless millimeter wave (mmW) Doppler radar architecture consisting of simply a Continuous Wave (CW) source and an intensity detector based on optical interferometry technique has been assembled. The phase information is obtained by using an oscillating mirror in the reference arm, similar to that used by the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy) technique. The reference mirror oscillates at a frequency that is higher than twice the Doppler frequency of the object. Rigorous mathematical formulas have been derived to solve for both the amplitude and the phase of the Doppler signal, by using the Low-Frequency-Band (LFB) and High-Frequency-Band (HFB) signals. The Doppler frequency signature of a moving object can be obtained from the Fourier transform of the phase. A prototype at 94 GHz was built and tested using a ball pendulum target moving over a full-swing distance much smaller than a wavelength. Both the measured amplitude and phase have been shown to agree well with the experimental parameters. The interferometric Doppler radar architecture is universal and can be extended to THz without significant change of components.
Methods of Motor Current Signature Analysis (1992)

ABSTRACT Recently a technique for monitoring and diagnosing mechanical problems, associated with rotating machines driven by electric motors, has been proposed and is now being offered by several commercial suppliers. This technique, known as “Motor Current Signature Analysis” or MCSA, seeks to apply much of the long experience in vibration signature analysis to the analysis of motor current in effect using the motor as a sensor akin to an acceleromeier This paper explores some of the history of the technique, presents several examples, and demonstrates a first order approach to the theory with associated cautions.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 requires glycoprotein H for infectivity and direct spreading and glycoproteins gH(W450) and gB for glycoprotein D-independent cell-to-cell spread. (1999)

By analogy with glycoprotein H (gH) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV), gH may also be essential for penetration and cell-to-cell spread of bovine herpes-virus 1 (BHV-1). This was verified with a gH-negative BHV-1 mutant (gH-BHV-1), which replicated normally on gH-expressing cells but was unable to form plaques and infectious progeny on non-complementing cells. The block in entry could be overcome by polyethylene glycol-induced membrane fusion, demonstrating that gH is not essential for egress. Propagation of gH-BHV-1 on cell lines expressing wild-type gH or gH(W450), which complements the function of BHV-1 gD for cell-to-cell spread, indicated that gH(W450) is more efficient than wild-type gH in mediating direct spread of BHV-1. This was supported by the plaque sizes induced by rescued gH-BHV-1 that expressed wild-type gH and gH(W450). Infection of cell lines expressing gH of BHV-1, HSV-1 and PRV with gH-BHV-1, HSV-1 and PRV mutants demonstrated that heterologous gH molecules could not complement gH function in penetration or cell-to-cell spread.
MEMS Switched Tunable Inductors (2008)

This paper presents a new implementation of integrated tunable inductors using mutual inductances activated by micromechanical switches. To achieve a large tuning range and a high quality factor, silver was used as the structural material, and silicon was selectively removed from the backside of the substrate. Using this method, a maximum tuning of 47% at 6 GHz is achieved for a 1.1 nH silver inductor fabricated on a low-loss polymer membrane. The effect of the quality factor on the tuning characteristic of the inductor is investigated by comparing the measured result of identical inductors fabricated on various substrates. To maintain the quality factor of the silver inductor, the device was encapsulated using a low-cost wafer-level polymer packaging technique.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant derived 4-N-methyl benzoic acid and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity (2019)

The present study is to investigate the antitumor, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized from a phenolic derivative 4-N-methyl benzoic acid, isolated from a medicinal plant (<i>Memecylon umbellatum Burm F</i>). The Bio-inspired nanoparticles (NPs) were analyzed by using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, HRTEM, Zeta potential and XRD techniques. The UV-vis spectroscopy study at the band of 430 nm confirmed the nanoparticles formation. HRTEM report showed that the AgNPs synthesized were in the size range 7-23 nm. The harvested nanoparticles were subjected to anti-bacterial assay and a dose dependent inhibitory action was observed against the tested human pathogens. Among the tested bacteria, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> was found to be highly sensitive to AgNPs (diameter of zone of inhibition was 31 mm). Further, the silver nanoparticles exhibited a good anti-tumor activity against the breast cancer cell line (MCF 7) with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 42.19 µg/mL. As the present study confirmed a good antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activity in the nanoparticles synthesized using 4-N-methyl benzoic acid derived from a medicinal plant, the product can be further tested to formulate a good lead compound for biomedical applications.
Physical Synthesis with Clock-Network Optimization for Large Systems on Chips (2011)

In traditional physical-synthesis methodologies, the placement of flip-flops and latches is problematic, especially for large systems on chips. A next-generation electronic-design-automation methodology improves timing closure through clock-network synthesis and placement of flip-flops and latches to avoid timing disruptions or immediately recover from them. When evaluated on large CPU designs, the methodology saw double-digit improvements in timing, wirelength, and area versus current technology.
Optimizing Fiber Coatings for Interferometric Acoustic Sensors (1982)

The pressure sensitivity of the phase of light propagating in an optical fiber is studied both analytically and experimentally. The analysis, which takes into account the exact composition and geometry of multilayer fibers, is utilized to identify coating properties which optimize the fiber acoustic sensitivity. In order to predict the fiber acoustic sensitivity, the elastic parameters of commonly used coating materials, thermoplastics, and UV curable elastomers have been studied in bulk samples as a function of frequency (10/sup 2/-10/sup 4/ Hz) and temperature (0-35° C). The analytically predicted frequency dependence of the acoustic sensitivity is found to be in agreement with that obtained experimentally from fibers with coatings of various materials.
Tracking and correcting for organ motion artifacts in ultrasound tomography systems (1998)

Motion artifacts have been identified as a problem in medical tomography systems. This problem, however, is well known in other types of real-time imaging systems such as radar satellites and sonars. In this case it has been found that the application of an overlap processing scheme [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 158–171 (1989)] increases the resolution of a phased array imaging system and corrects for motion artifacts as well. Reported results have shown that the problem of correcting motion artifacts in synthetic aperture applications is centered on the estimation of a phase correction factor. This correction factor is then used to compensate for the temporal phase differences between sequential sensor-array measurements in order to synthesize the spatial information coherently. This paper describes an approach which tracks the organ motion and allows the artifacts to be isolated in ultrasound tomography systems. Two sources are utilized so that two sets of projections are generated that are identical in space but separated in time. Then the spatial overlap correlator processing scheme is used to synthesize the 2-D projection data coherently. This provides the desired phase correction factor, which compensates for the phase fluctuations caused by the subject’s organ-motion effects and tracks the organ motion.
Plasma Surface Modification of Nickel Titanium Shape Memory Alloys (2009)

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys are very potential for surgical implantation due to two unique properties: super-elasticity and shape memory effect. These advantages cannot be seen in current biomedical metallic materials such as medical grade titanium alloys and stainless steels. However, nickel ion release remains a major concern particularly for large implants placed on the spine or joints, as fretting is always expected at such implant junctions. Therefore, an advanced surface treatment using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) technology to tackle this issue
Evaluation of the microscanning process (1994)

Focal plane arrays allowed tremendous improvement in the robustness and compactness of thermal imagers reducing both mechanical and optical requirements. However, these will always be limited by the pixel size, the fill factor, and by the sampling theorem. As compared to older one-detector scanning systems, focal plane arrays can only reproduce half the frequencies scanning systems do for a given instantaneous field of view. To overcome this limitation, microscanning seems to be a winning approach. Microscanning can be seen as an oversampling process. A series of images representing the same scene are taken while displacing each time the image over the array by a fraction of the detector pitch. The oversampled image is built by interlacing all the pixels from all the images in both directions. It can be shown that microscanning can bring the resolution to the same level it is with standard scanning system. Furthermore, by characterizing the process, one can compensate for it and bring the resolution to the level of a microdisplacement. This article describes work that has been undertaken at the Defense Research Establishment Valcartier to evaluate the requirements for the microscanning process and to determine gains that can be obtained by using that technique in a surveillance application.
Copper-catalyzed α-amination of aliphatic aldehydes (2011)

A highly efficient copper-catalyzed α-amination of aliphatic aldehydes for the synthesis of α-amino acetals using secondary amines with readily removable protecting groups as a nitrogen source was developed. This reaction can be operated under very mild conditions, affording the desired products in moderate to good yields.
203-LB: Redosing of Suboptimally Controlled Diabetic Mice with Human Neo-islets, 3D Aggregates of Mesenchymal Stromal and Pancreatic Islet Cells, Durably Restores Euglycemia: Relevance to the Treatment of Diabetic Humans (2020)

We reported that the i.p. administration of allogeneic Neo-Islets (NIs; 3D aggregates of allogeneic, culture-expanded Islet cells (ICs) with immune- and cyto-protective Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs)), durably restores normoglycemia in autoimmune type-1 diabetic NOD mice through omental engraftment. Similarly, our ongoing, FDA-guided pilot study in insulin dependent pet dogs (INAD 012-0776) demonstrates that allogeneic canine NI therapy significantly improves both glycemic control and insulin needs (&gt; 1.5 years), and this without eliciting an allo-immune response. The current study was undertaken in preparation of a Phase I Clinical Trial in order to determine whether NIs engineered from human cells (hNIs) could also reduce insulin need, and whether redosing of suboptimally controlled diabetic mice could fully restore euglycemia, as is frequently required in human recipients of islet transplants. Hyperglycemia (blood glucose &gt; 350 mg/dL x 3 days) was induced with streptozotocin in adult NOD/SCID mice and blood glucose levels were controlled with insulin pellets (Linbits) until i.p. hNI (2x10e5 hNIs/kg bw) or vehicle administration (n=6/group). Blood glucose levels, weights, ip glucose tolerance tests [GTT) were closely monitored. While no mice in the hNI treated group died (vs. 4 in the control group), hNI therapy partially reduced glucose levels . Therefore, on day 64 post initial treatment, mice were re-dosed with hNIs (2x10e5 hNIs/kg bw) and followed together with controls as above. This second dose of hNI completely and durably restored euglycemia and normalized ip GTTs. We conclude that this minimally invasive, safe and highly effective therapy supports our current pursuit of an IND for the conduct of a pioneering Clinical Trial in subjects with T1DM. Disclosure S.S. Chowdhury: Employee; Self; SymbioCellTech. A. Gooch: Employee; Self; SymbioCellTech. P. Zhang: Employee; Self; SymbioCellTech. Z. Hu: Employee; Self; SymbioCellTech. C. Westenfelder: Consultant; Self; SymbioCellTech.
Fabrication of native silica, cross-linked, and hybrid aerogel monoliths with customized geometries (2016)

In this work, a previously developed (White et al 2015 J. Mater. Chem. A 3 762) rapid synthesis approach is used to fabricate native and cross-linked aerogel monoliths with customized geometries. This technique does not require solvent exchange, therefore fabrication times do not depend on part size. To prove this, parts with a smallest dimension of approximately 3.6 cm were fabricated within the same time scale as that of small cylinders with a diameter of 7 mm. In addition, monoliths with customized geometries exhibiting physical detail on the order of 1 mm were produced to demonstrate the versatility of this technique. Furthermore, hybrid materials consisting of native silica aerogel integrated with selected regions of polymer cross-linking were produced. The cross-linked regions allow for adhesion to other surfaces or labeling while the majority of the material retains the physical characteristics of a native silica aerogel. The physical and thermal properties of all aerogel components were examined. All aerogel materials produced in this work exhibited characteristics that were within the range of aerogel materials produced using more conventional methods. For native silica materials, this includes densities in the range of 0.03–0.116 g cm−3, surface areas between 342–799 m2 g−1, mode pore sizes in the range of 30–39 nm, and thermal conductivities in the range of 0.020–0.026 W m−1 K−1. For cross-linked aerogel materials, densities ranged between 0.154–0.340 g cm−3, surface areas were between 291–388 m2 g−1, mode pore sizes were in the range of 29–41 nm, and thermal conductivities were in range of 0.038–0.066 W m−1 K−1.
Optimization of Palm-Based Wax Esters Production Using Statistical Experimental Designs (2005)

Wax esters, one of the important ingredients in cosmetic industry, are long-chain esters that exhibit wetting behavior with non-greasy feeling. Wax esters derived from long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols with chain lengths of 12 carbons or more. These compounds have many potential applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industries. The present work focuses on the scale-up synthesis of wax esters by alcoholysis of palm oil (PO) with oleyl alcohol (OA) using Lipozyme in a bioreactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) and a 5-level-5-factor central composite rotatable design were adopted to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters, such as temperature (40-60°C), amount of enzyme (14-22% by weight of PO), amount of palm oil (80-240 mmol), amount of oleyl alcohol (240-720 mmol) and impeller speed (100-400 rpm) on the percentage yield of palm-based wax esters. Based on Design Expert Software (version 6.0.4), optimum alcoholysis conditions were: temperature, 50.4°C, amount of enzyme, 16.0% by weight of palm oil, amount of palm oil, 200.0 mmol, amount of oleyl alcohol, 600.0 mmol, palm oil/oleyl alcohol ratio, 3:1 and impeller speed, 242.1 rpm. The corresponding predicted value of percentage yield and productivity was 91.5% and 106.4 mmol/h respectively compared to the actual experimental value 92.3% yields and 110.8 mmol/h productivity.
Comparative Analysis of the Antibody Response to the HTLV‐I gag and env Proteins in HTLV‐I Asymptomatic Carriers and HAM/TSP Patients: an Isotype and Subclass Analysis (1994)

We have compared the immunoglobulin isotype and IgG subclass and the titre of neutralizing antibody responses to the human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) between a group of asymptomatic HTLV-I infected individuals and a group with the neurological disease HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). A western blot titration assay and an envelope peptide ELISA were used to determine the presence and titre of isotype and IgG subclass responses to the gag p19 and p24 proteins and to the envelope protein. Significant increases were observed in the number of individuals seropositive for a particular isotype and IgG subclass in the HAM/TSP group versus the asymptomatic group particularly for IgM and IgE and to a lesser extent, IgA. The predominant IgG subclasses to the HTLV-I p19, p24 and envelope proteins were IgG1 and IgG3. This finding was also observed in the titres of the antibody responses to these HTLV-I proteins. The HAM/TSP group also exhibited significantly higher neutralizing antibody titres than the asymptomatic group. This evidence suggests that some form of chronic immune stimulation might be involved in the immunopathogenesis of HAM/TSP. In addition, by following the Western blot titre to the IgM and IgE isotypes in particular, it may be possible to identify asymptomatic individuals progressing to HAM/TSP.
3D printed miniaturized quadrifilar helix antenna (2016)

This paper presents the design of a 3D printed quadrifilar helix antenna. The antenna is miniaturized by loading the tip of each helix by metallic circles of equal dimensions. The effect of decreasing the resonant frequency is also achieved by introducing a dielectric material within the antenna's physical structure. A prototype is fabricated and tested to prove the proposed technique. A good agreement is obtained between the theoretical and measured results.