gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The number needed to treat for adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab based on ACR50 response in three randomized controlled trials on established rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review (2007)

This study indicates equal efficacy of the three anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapies.
Size effect in self-trapped exciton photoluminescence from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>-based nanoscale materials (2001)

Direct evidence for a size effect in self-trapped exciton (STE) photoluminescence (PL) from silica-based nanoscale materials as compared with bulk type-III fused silica is obtained. Two kinds of mesostructures were tested: (1) silica nanoparticle composites with primary particle size of 7 and 15 nm, (2) ordered and disordered mesoporous silicas with pore size ranging from \ensuremath{\sim}2 to \ensuremath{\sim}6 nm and wall thickness \ensuremath{\sim}1 nm. The PL was induced by the two-photon absorption of focused 6.4 eV ArF laser light with intensity $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{6}{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ and measured in a time-resolved detection mode. Two models are applied to examine the blue shift of the STE PL (STEPL) band with decreasing size of nanometer-sized silica fragments. The first model is based on the quantum confinement effect on Mott-Wannier-type excitons developed for semiconductor nanoscale materials. However, the use of this model leads to a contradiction showing that the model is completely unusable in the case of wide-band-gap nanoscale materials (the band-gap of bulk silica ${E}_{g}\ensuremath{\cong}11\mathrm{eV}).$ In order to explain the experimental data, we propose a model that takes into account the laser heating of Frenkel-type free excitons (FE's). The heating effect is assumed to be due to the FE collisions with the boundary of nanometer-sized silica fragments in the presence of an intense laser field. According to the model, laser heating of FE's up to the temperature in excess of the activation energy required for the self-trapping give rise to the extremely hot STE's. Because the resulting temperature of the STE's is much higher than the lattice temperature, the cooling of STE's is dominated by the emission of lattice phonons. However, if the STE temperature comes into equilibrium with the lattice temperature, the absorption of lattice phonons becomes possible. As a result, the blue shift of the STEPL band is suggested to originate from the activation of hot (phonon-assisted) electronic transitions. Good agreement between experimental data and our FE laser heating model has been obtained.
A Context-Aware Budget-Constrained Targeted Advertising System for Vehicular Networks (2018)

The emergence of self-driving automobiles has drawn great attention to VANETs, where vehicles can interact with each other through wireless communications. A variety of interesting applications thus have been developed to enable vehicles to monitor traffic/congestion, and share information/files real-time. One of most promising services over Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is the advertisements dissemination that provides users (drivers and passengers) with commercial ads, such as tourism/shopping/restaurant promotions. Owing to the mobility of vehicles, advertisements can spread to anywhere as the vehicles move through vehicle-to-vehicle communications. In this paper, we address the problem of advertisements (ads) dissemination in VANETs with a budget constraint, where ads are first sent from road side units to a selected set of vehicles (seed vehicles), then forwarded to nearby vehicles as seed vehicles moving. We aim to maximize the number of vehicles that receive ads during the dissemination process and prove that this optimization problem is NP-hard. We then propose a heuristic algorithm based on genetic methods to solve the problem. In particular, we consider the user preferences when advertising making sure that a perfect message reaches the perfect audience at the perfect time. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods by delivering ads to more vehicles under different traffic scenarios.
Binding and Dissociation Kinetics of Wild-Type and Mutant Streptavidins on Mixed Biotin-Containing Alkylthiolate Monolayers (2000)

The kinetics of adsorption and competitive desorption of wild-type streptavidin (WT SA) and three genetically engineered mutants (S27A, N23E, and W120A) was studied at gold surfaces functionalized with mixed alkylthiolates, some terminated with biotin headgroups and the rest with oligo(ethylene oxide) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The saturation coverage of the protein varied strongly with surface biotin concentration (XBAT) and was independent of mutation (except at very low and very high XBAT, where a weak dependence was seen). Initial adsorption rates were nearly diffusion-limited except at extremely low XBAT, where the rate varied weakly between mutants in accordance with their differing strengths of binding to biotin. Initial sticking probabilities were estimated to be between ∼1−6 × 10-6 per collision with the surface. The adsorbed SA desorbs upon introduction of solution-phase biotin. For XBAT below 1%, the desorption rate constants of the SA variants closely follow their off-rate constants measured in homogeneous solution (which at 25 °C are WT = 4 × 10-6 sec-1, N23E = 1.6 × 10-3 sec-1, S27A = 1.2 × 10-3 sec-1, and W120A estimated to be ca. 23 s-1). This proves that SA is mainly bound to the surface by a single SA-biotin link at very low XBAT. Importantly, for XBAT between 10 and 40%, where desorption is 30- to >1000-fold slower and the saturation coverage maximizes, the ratios of off-rate constants between mutants (W120A/N23E and W120A/S27A) are approximately the square of their ratios for XBAT below 1%. This squaring strongly suggests that the dominant species at these coverages is doubly bounded SA (i.e., immobilized via two surface biotins). The kinetics are explained with a mechanism involving only two first-order rate constants, that is, for (1) the slow dissociation of any bond between an SA site and a surface-immobilized biotin and (2) the fast reforming of this bond in the special case that it was released from a doubly bonded SA whose other site is still linked to one surface-immobilized biotin. The rate constant for (2) is almost independent of the SA mutant, as it is for adsorption. For XBAT > 60%, the desorption rates again approach the singly bound SA values, and the ratios of rate constants for the SA variants drop to slightly less than below 1% biotin. This is due to the dominance of singly bonded SA, plus a contribution from nonspecific binding, consistent with structural studies of these alkylthiolate films.
Eradicating Bacterial Biofilms with Natural Products and their Inspired Analogues that Operate Through Unique Mechanisms (2016)

Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of slow- or non-replicating bacterial cells that display high levels of tolerance toward conventional antibiotic therapies. It is important to know that our entire arsenal of conventional antibiotics originated from screens used to identify inhibitors of bacterial growth, so it should be little surprise that our arsenal of growth-inhibiting agents have little effect on persistent biofilms. Despite this current state, a diverse collection of natural products and their related or inspired synthetic analogues are emerging that have the ability to kill persistent bacterial biofilms and persister cells in stationary cultures. Unlike conventional antibiotics that hit bacterial targets critical for rapidly-dividing bacteria (i.e., cell wall machinery, bacterial ribosomes), biofilm-eradicating agents operate through unique growth-independent mechanisms. These naturally occurring agents continue to inspire discovery efforts aimed at effectively treating chronic and recurring bacterial infections due to persistent bacterial biofilms.
Domain-Independent Optimistic Initialization for Reinforcement Learning (2014)

In Reinforcement Learning (RL), it is common to use optimistic initialization of value functions to encourage exploration. However, such an approach generally depends on the domain, viz., the scale of the rewards must be known, and the feature representation must have a constant norm. We present a simple approach that performs optimistic initialization with less dependence on the domain.
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission among Marine Recruits during Quarantine (2020)

Among Marine Corps recruits, approximately 2% who had previously had negative results for SARS-CoV-2 at the beginning of supervised quarantine, and less than 2% of recruits with unknown previous status, tested positive by day 14. Most recruits who tested positive were asymptomatic, and no infections were detected through daily symptom monitoring. Transmission clusters occurred within platoons. (Funded by the Defense Health Agency and others.).
Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Corrugated Walls (2018)

A wideband and high-gain rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) with corrugated walls is introduced. By generating corrugation in two opposite sidewalls of the RDRA, the radiation intensity from them compared to that of the top wall increases, which in turn will raise the boresight gain of the antenna. Also, the presence of the higher air content in the antenna body lowers the effective dielectric constant of the RDRA, leading to a wideband configuration. For demonstration, the proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that the proposed antenna radiates in the broadside direction with a high gain of 9 dB. Also, a wide impedance bandwidth of 15.3% from 3.57 to 4.16 GHz is achieved. In addition, the radiation efficiency of more than 90% over the whole bandwidth is attained. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results is attained.
Crystal structure of the epitaxial $BaTiO_{3}$ thin film on the MgO (100) substrate prepared by the coating-pyrolysis process (2000)

The epitaxial thin film was prepared on the MgO substrate by the coating-pyrolysis process using a mixed solution of Ba-naphthenate and Ti-naphthenate. The crystal structure of the epitaxial thin film was characterized by XRD scan and asymmetric {303} rocking curve scan. The epitaxial thin film had the cubic phase with the lattice parameter of a = c = 0.4018 nm.
THYMIC PEPTIDE INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN UNDIFFERENTIATED T TUMOR CELLS (1994)

Journal of Immunotherapy with Emphasis on Tumor Immunology: October 1994 - Volume 16 - Issue 3 - p 239
Interest-Based Bargaining: Changing Employer-Employee Relations at Youngstown State University (2017)

This study is based upon interviews conducted with over two dozen individuals centrally involved with the collective bargaining movement at Youngstown State University of Ohio. (YSU) The experiences and memories of several participants extend back to the 1960’s, at which time they were newly appointed faculty members. Within the group are several retired persons who spoke from the comfortable position of relative political invulnerability. Others were at the time of their interviews actively engaged in university teaching and administration. Initial interviews concerning the newly-established Interest-based bargaining process took place within eight months of the negotiatory events, well before the “ravages of short term memory loss” had damaged the database. Placed alongside the historical “paper trail” this oral testimony enabled the writer to reconstruct and describe with a significant degree of accuracy the events occurring during the negotiation of the 1993 faculty collective bargaining agreement at YSU. In 2004 the author revisited the issues involved through contact with retired, as well as still active members of the YSU community. The new data collected enabled him to “bring current” the earlier investigation, thus providing an update on the evolution of the bargaining process since 1993-4.
Phase noise on a 2-GHz CMOS LC oscillator (2000)

This report describes a successful simulation using HSPICE and comparison with published data of the phase noise on a 2-GHz CMOS inductance-capacitance (LC) oscillator caused by low-frequency flicker noise (1/f noise). The flicker noise, which is determined by measurements on NMOSFETs, is simulated as a sum of sine waves with random phase by using MATLAB, and is finally introduced into the LC oscillator circuit as an HSPICE piecewise linear waveform. The output of LC oscillator in HSPICE is written as a series of points equally spaced in time and then the spectrum is computed by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The simulation results show the phase noise of the voltage-controlled oscillator with different noise coefficient (KF) values in the SPICE models, and demonstrate that the phase noise caused by low-frequency flicker noise has a 1/f/sup 3/ dependence on the offset frequency. The simulated sideband power spectral density corresponds to the measured values reported in the literature.
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> Elongator Complex Subunit2 Epigenetically Regulates Plant Immune Responses  (2013)

The Arabidopsis thaliana Elongator complex subunit2 (ELP2) genetically interacts with NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1), a key transcription coactivator of plant immunity, and regulates the induction kinetics of defense genes. However, the mechanistic relationship between ELP2 and NPR1 and how ELP2 regulates the kinetics of defense gene induction are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ELP2 is an epigenetic regulator required for pathogen-induced rapid transcriptome reprogramming. We show that ELP2 functions in a transcriptional feed-forward loop regulating both NPR1 and its target genes. An elp2 mutation increases the total methylcytosine number, reduces the average methylation levels of methylcytosines, and alters (increases or decreases) methylation levels of specific methylcytosines. Interestingly, infection of plants with the avirulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000/avrRpt2 induces biphasic changes in DNA methylation levels of NPR1 and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 (PAD4), which encodes another key regulator of plant immunity. These dynamic changes are blocked by the elp2 mutation, which is correlated with delayed induction of NPR1 and PAD4. The elp2 mutation also reduces basal histone acetylation levels in the coding regions of several defense genes. Together, our data demonstrate a new role for Elongator in somatic DNA demethylation/methylation and suggest a function for Elongator-mediated chromatin regulation in pathogen-induced transcriptome reprogramming.
Antisequential Suffix Sorting for BWT-Based Data Compression (2005)

Suffix sorting requires ordering all suffixes of all symbols in an input sequence and has applications in running queries on large texts and in universal lossless data compression based on the Burrows Wheeler transform (BWT). We propose a new suffix lists data structure that leads to three fast, antisequential, and memory-efficient algorithms for suffix sorting. For a length-N input over a size-|X| alphabet, the worst-case complexities of these algorithms are /spl Theta/(N/sup 2/), O(|X|N log(N/|X|)), and O(N/spl radic/|X|log(N/|X|)), respectively. Furthermore, simulation results indicate performance that is competitive with other suffix sorting methods. In contrast, the suffix sorting methods that are fastest on standard test corpora have poor worst-case performance. Therefore, in comparison with other suffix sorting methods, suffix lists offer a useful trade off between practical performance and worst-case behavior. Another distinguishing feature of suffix lists is that these algorithms are simple; some of them can be implemented in VLSI. This could accelerate suffix sorting by at least an order of magnitude and enable high-speed BWT-based compression systems.
A shuttle effect free lithium sulfur battery based on a hybrid electrolyte (2014)

A room temperature hybrid electrolyte based lithium-sulfur cell was successfully cycled with an excellent coulombic efficiency of 100%. The initial discharge specific capacities of up to 1528 mA h g(-1), 1386 mA h g(-1) and 1341 mA h g(-1), respectively, at C/20, C/5 and C/2 rates were realized and remained at 720 mA h g(-1) after 40 cycles at the C/5 rate.
Agriculture Sensor-Cloud Infrastructure and Routing Protocol in the Physical Sensor Network Layer (2014)

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in a variety of areas. However, it is difficult to efficiently manage a large number of sensor nodes and their sensing data owing to the limitations of WSNs. Particularly, in agricultural applications, a WSN installed in a specific region is used for multiple services (i.e., greenhouse environment monitoring and control). However, the network resources (i.e., channel, battery, etc.) are currently being utilized for redundant operations requested from multiple service users owing to the lack of an efficient system for managing large WSN data. In this paper, we propose an agriculture sensor-cloud infrastructure (ASCI) to effectively provide various agricultural services using WSNs. In addition, we propose hierarchical source routing (HSR), aggregation gradient routing (AGR), and a priority-based data transmission technique in order to allow packets to be delivered to the destination fast and reliably in large-scale WSNs.
Modelling, simulation and characterization of a linear shape memory actuator with compliant bow-like architecture (2014)

The design of shape memory alloy actuators typically compromises between force and stroke, the two properties being inversely proportional to one another for any given shape memory alloy element. This article presents a bow-like compliant actuator aimed at improving the specific performance of shape memory wires on both accounts. Conceptually, the actuator is formed by two straight elastic beams mutually hinged at the ends with a pre-stretched shape memory alloy wire in between. Heating of the alloy shortens the wire, which in turn makes the beams to buckle outwards in a symmetric double-arched configuration. The transverse displacement of the beams amplifies the contraction of the wire while producing a favourable output force. This article develops a simple, though accurate, analytical model of the actuator upon which a step-by-step design procedure is built. The theoretical findings are compared with the outcome of a finite element simulation for a case study and with the test data gathered from a physical prototype actuator.
The influence of intravenous medium‐ and long‐chain triglycerides and carnitine on the excretion of dicarboxylic acids (1987)

Four groups of male Wistar rats were alimented parenterally for 3 days. Groups 1 and 2 received medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and groups 3 and 4 long-chain triglycerides (LCT). Groups 2 and 4 were supplemented with 100 mg L-carnitine/kg/day. The MCT-alimented rats presented with a distinct excretion of the dicarboxylic acids: adipic acid (C6), suberic acid (C8), and sebacic acid (C10). The acids excreted corresponded to the infused pattern of monocarboxylic acids: caproic acid (C6), caprylic acid (C8), and capric acid (C10). Dicarboxylic acid excretion after MCT administration may reflect an insufficient capacity of beta-oxidation on one hand or a preferential omega-oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids on the other. Carnitine supplementation lead to a further increase of the dicarboxylic acids in the MCT-group. beta-OH-butyric acid excretion decreased after carnitine in the MCT as well as in the LCT group. An increased transport of fatty acid-carnitine compounds out of the mitochondria is discussed as an important effect of carnitine supplementation. Hereby medium-chain fatty acids may be more accessible for omega-oxidation.
The Transcription Factor Runx2 Is Required for Long-Term Persistence of Antiviral CD8+ Memory T Cells (2018)

During acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, pathogen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion leading to viral clearance. Following this, the majority of pathogen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells undergo apoptosis, leaving a small number of memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells that persist long-term and provide rapid protection upon secondary infection. Whereas much is known about the cytokines and transcription factors that regulate the early effector phase of the antiviral CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response, the factors regulating memory T cell homeostasis and survival are not well understood. In this article, we show that the Runt-related transcription factor Runx2 is important for long-term memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell persistence following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-Armstrong infection in mice. Loss of Runx2 in T cells led to a reduction in KLRG1<sup>lo</sup> CD127<sup>hi</sup> memory precursor cell numbers with no effect on KLRG1<sup>hi</sup> CD127<sup>lo</sup> terminal effector cell populations. Runx2 expression levels were transcriptionally regulated by TCR signal strength via IRF4, TLR4/7, and selected cytokines. These data demonstrate a CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-intrinsic role for Runx2 in the long-term maintenance of antiviral memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell populations.
Patterns of Fructose Feeding by Culex Tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)1 (1986)

Culex tarsalis collected in Kern County, California, USA, were tested for the presence of fructose from July 1984 through February 1985 using the cold anthrone reaction. Overall, 75% of 350 females and 68% of 251 males collected during summer (July–September) were fructose positive. Host-seeking females ingested fructose during the 2nd half of the night. Fructose was ingested repeatedly throughout life, since empty, blood-fed, gravid, and parous females exhibited comparable percentages of fructose positivity. Males ingested fructose at night after swarming at dusk. Females ingested fructose when entering diapause (62% of 69 females in October–November), diapausing (42% of 175 females in December–January), and terminating diapause (78% of 75 females in February). Overwintering female populations consisted of mobile and sedentary components. The mobile component, which rested in more exposed microhabitats such as privies, bridges, and red boxes, frequently ingested fructose and included some females that were not diapausing. The sedentary component, which generally rested in more protected hibernacula such as rodent burrows, brush piles, and Neotoma nests, infrequently ingested fructose and consisted mostly of diapausing females. During diapause termination, the sedentary component initiated ovarian development, egressed from hibernacula, ingested fructose, and rested in more exposed microhabitats, thereby increasing female abundance at exposed resting sites.