gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A synthetic peptide-based erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) (Hematide) demonstrates dose dependent activity and is well tolerated in a phase 1 single dose, dose escalating study in normal healthy volunteers (NHV) (2005)

8180 Background: Hematide is an innovative, synthetic, pegylated, peptidic ESA that binds to and activates the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor. Although its amino acid sequence is unrelated to that of EPO, Hematide demonstrates in vitro and in vivo activities comparable to EPO and an extended serum half life in animal studies. This may allow less frequent dosing in patients with chronic anemia relative to EPO. Methods: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled dose escalation study was conducted to assess safety, PK and PD of Hematide administered as a single IV infusion to male NHV. Up to 7 cohorts of 7 subjects each (5 on Hematide and 2 on placebo) were planned with doses escalated unless or until stopping rules were met. Results: Three dose cohorts have been completed involving 21 NHV. As of this date, the study remains blinded and we assume increases in reticulocytes and hemoglobin (Hb) are due to Hematide. Injections were well tolerated with report of only a few Grade 1 adverse events and no pattern across cohorts. Reticulocyte increases were dose proportional; average reticulocyte peak concentrations (+/- SE) were 148 (+/- 19); 186 +/- (20); 230 (+/- 22) 109/L among the NHV with a reticulocyte response in Cohort 1 (n=4), Cohort 2 (n=5), and Cohort 3 (n=5) respectively, compared to 59 (+/- 5) 109/L among the 7 (pooled) non-responding subjects. In Cohort 3, an increase in Hb was seen in 5 subjects. The mean difference in changes from baseline Hb between these 5 responding and the 2 non-responding subjects was 1.0 g/dL at day 9 (p = 0.014) and remained detectable as of Day 35. Unblinded results, including PK data, will be presented. Conclusions: A single IV injection of Hematide administered to NHV was well tolerated and demonstrated potent dose dependent erythropoietic activity. These data will be used to plan Phase 2 studies of Hematide in patients with anemia related to cancer and renal failure. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Affymax Affymax Affymax, Amgen
Latent feature vulnerability ranking of CVSS vectors (2017)

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) has been widely used to provide a score measuring the severity of software vulnerabilities. Analysts determine ordinal label assignments of subcategories relating to ease and impact of exploitation; the CVSS Version 2 (CVSS v2) score is computed formulaically using the labels. These scores have been directly used to prioritize vulnerability mitigation strategies. However, Allodi and Massacci found that CVSS scores are not strongly linked to exploit emergence and that cyber defenders can become overwhelmed by the volume of vulnerabilities that are nearly indistinguishable by their high scores. To improve the tactical use of information provided from the CVSS, data-driven statistics that probe the relationship between the existence of cyber exploits with CVSS scores are provided. Using databases of known exploits, a stand-in for threat assessment, initial results indicate a roughly power-law relationship between CVSS scores and exploit existence.To improve upon the CVSS score ranking, the latent feature space described by a Jaccard similarity metric on CVSS vector values from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) is explored. Using spectral clustering in this latent feature space, known exploits emerged in the clusters in far from random distributions, allowing a vulnerability ranking that outperforms CVSS scoring. Further, in temporal testing, new exploits emerged in the clusters with nearly the same distribution as the learned model, allowing the system some ability to predict which vulnerabilities may be most likely to develop exploits over time. These results help cyber defenders better direct mitigation efforts towards vulnerabilities more strongly associated with exploits.
Demonstration of CLAW (2018)

CLAW is a handheld virtual reality controller that augments the typical controller functionality with force feedback and actuated movement to the index finger. Our controller enables three distinct interactions (grasping virtual object, touching virtual surfaces, and triggering) and changes its corresponding haptic rendering by sensing the differences in the user's grasp. A servo motor coupled with a force sensor renders controllable forces to the index finger during grasping and touching. Using position tracking, a voice coil actuator at the index fingertip generates vibrations for various textures synchronized with finger movement. CLAW also supports a haptic force feedback in the trigger mode when the user holds a gun.
Simulation-Based Method for Synthesizing Soft Error Tolerant Combinational Circuits (2015)

Due to current technology scaling trends, digital designs are becoming more sensitive to radiation-induced particle hits resulting from radioactivity decay and cosmic rays. A low-energy particle can flip the output of a gate, resulting in a soft error if it propagates to a circuit output. Thus, soft error tolerance has become an important criterion in digital system design. In this work, we propose a simulation-based approach to reduce the soft error probability of circuit failure in combinational logic circuits. The proposed method is based on maximizing the probability of logical masking when a soft error occurs. This maximization is done by extracting sub-circuits from an original multi-level circuit, and then re-synthesizing each extracted sub-circuit to increase fault masking against a single fault. We present a two-level synthesis scheme to maximize soft error masking on each extracted sub-circuit. This scheme provides a heuristic that finds the best set of cubes to cover the input patterns of an extracted sub-circuit. A Fast Extraction (FX) algorithm is used to enhance the area overhead of synthesized two-level sub-circuits. Experimental results on some MCNC combinational benchmarks show that, on average, a probability of circuit failure reduction of 32% is achieved compared to the original circuit. The average area overhead is 40% of the original circuit.
Correcting Charge-Constrained Errors in the Rank-Modulation Scheme (2010)

We investigate error-correcting codes for a the rank-modulation scheme with an application to flash memory devices. In this scheme, a set of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> cells stores information in the permutation induced by the different charge levels of the individual cells. The resulting scheme eliminates the need for discrete cell levels, overcomes overshoot errors when programming cells (a serious problem that reduces the writing speed), and mitigates the problem of asymmetric errors. In this paper, we study the properties of error-correcting codes for charge-constrained errors in the rank-modulation scheme. In this error model the number of errors corresponds to the minimal number of adjacent transpositions required to change a given stored permutation to another erroneous one-a distance measure known as Kendall's <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">¿</i> -distance. We show bounds on the size of such codes, and use metric-embedding techniques to give constructions which translate a wealth of knowledge of codes in the Lee metric to codes over permutations in Kendall's <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">¿</i> -metric. Specifically, the one-error-correcting codes we construct are at least half the ball-packing upper bound.
SEPARATION OF <i>m</i>-XYLENE FROM <i>o</i>-XYLENE BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION (1987)

Abstract m-Xylene is difficult to separate from o-xylene by rectification because the relative volatility is only 1.12. m-Xylene can be separated from o-xylene using extractive distillation in which the extractive agent is composed of the proper higher boiling organic compounds. Typical effective agents are benzoates, DMSO, DMFA, adiponitrile, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, polychloroaromatics and sulfolane.
A generational on-the-fly garbage collector for Java (2000)

An on-the-fly garbage collector does not stop the program threads to perform the collection. Instead, the collector executes in a separate thread (or process) in parallel to the program. On-the-fly collectors are useful for multi-threaded applications running on multiprocessor servers, where it is important to fully utilize all processors and provide even response time, especially for systems for which stopping the threads is a costly operation.
Temper Developments Using Secondary Ageing (2004)

The general progression of cancer drug development involves in vitro testing followed by safety and efficacy evaluation in clinical trials. Due to the expense of bringing candidate drugs to trials, in vitro models of cancer cells and tumor biology are required to screen drugs. There are many examples of drugs exhibiting cytotoxic behavior in cancer cells in vitro but losing efficacy in vivo, and in many cases, this is the result of poorly understood chemoresistant effects conferred by the cancer microenvironment. To address this, improved methods for culturing cancer cells in biomimetic scaffolds have been developed; along the way, a great deal about the nature of cancer cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions has been discovered. These discoveries will continue to be leveraged both in the development of novel drugs targeting these interactions and in the fabrication of biomimetic substrates for efficient cancer drug screening in vitro.
Scalable Time-Multiplexed Optical Neural Networks based on Homodyne Detection (2019)

We present an optical neural-network accelerator based on coherent (homodyne) detection that is scalable to large networks, and analyze the fundamental (quantum) and practical limits to its performance.
An Origin Attribute for the STUN Protocol (2015)

STUN, or Session Traversal Utilities for NAT, is a protocol used to
assist other protocols traverse Network Address Translators or NATs.
This specification defines an ORIGIN attribute for STUN that can be
used in similar ways to the HTTP header field of the same name. WebRTC
browsers utilizing STUN and TURN would include this attribute which
would provide servers with additional information about the STUN and
TURN requests they receive. This specification defines the usage of
the STUN ORIGIN attribute for web, SIP, and XMPP contexts.
Plasmonics: Refractory Plasmonics with Titanium Nitride: Broadband Metamaterial Absorber (Adv. Mater. 47/2014) (2014)

Alternative plasmonic materials can withstand extreme temperatures, opening new frontiers in energy-harvesting applications. A metamaterial based on titanium nitride, described by J. G. Guan, A. V. Kildishev, and co-workers on page 7959, efficiently converts sunlight into heat, achieving temperatures greater than 1000 °C and it re-radiates this energy in a narrow bandwidth for optimal absorption by a photocell. The near perfect absorption of the metasurface coupled with its thermal stability enables practical next generation solar thermo-photovoltaic devices.
Combination of transurethral and interstitial ultrasound applicators for high-temperature prostate thermal therapy (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using a transurethral ultrasound applicator in combination with implantable ultrasound applicators for inducing thermal coagulation and necrosis of localized cancer lesions or benign disease within the prostate gland. The potential to treat target zones in the anterior and lateral portions of the prostate with the angularly directive transurethral applicator, while simultaneously treating regions of extracapsular extension and zones in the posterior prostate with the directive implantable applicators in combination with a rectal cooling bolus, is evaluated. Biothermal computer simulations, acoustic characterizations, and in vivo thermal dosimetry experiments with canine prostates were used to evaluate the performance of each applicator type and combinations thereof. Simulations have demonstrated that transurethral applicators with 180-270 degrees acoustic active zones can direct therapeutic heating patterns to the anterior and lateral prostate, implantable needles can isolate heating to the posterior gland while avoiding rectal tissue, and that the combination of applicators can be used to produce conformal heating to the whole gland. Single implantable applicators (1.8 mm OD x 10 mm long, approximately 180 degrees active sector, approximately 7 MHz, direct-coupled type) produced directional thermal lesions within in vivo prostate, with temperatures >50 degrees C extending more than 10 mm radially after 10-15 min. Combination of interstitial applicators (1-2) and a transurethral applicator (3-2.5 mm OD x 6 mm long, approximately 180 degrees active sector, 6.8 MHz, 6 mm OD delivery catheter) produced conforming temperature distributions (48-85 degrees C) and zones of acute thermal damage within 15 min. The preliminary results of this investigation demonstrate that implantable directional ultrasound applicators, in combination with a transurethral ultrasound applicator, have the potential to provide thermal coagulation and necrosis of small or large regions within the prostate gland, while sparing thermally sensitive rectal tissue.
Enhancing symbolic execution with veritesting (2016)

research-article Public Access Share on Enhancing symbolic execution with veritesting Authors: Thanassis Avgerinos AllSecure, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA AllSecure, Inc., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Alexandre Rebert AllSecure, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA AllSecure, Inc., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , Sang Kil Cha Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile , David Brumley AllSecure, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA AllSecure, Inc., Pittsburgh, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 59Issue 6June 2016 pp 93–100https://doi.org/10.1145/2927924Published:23 May 2016Publication History 10citation11,135DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads11,135Last 12 Months7,106Last 6 weeks394 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
PV module soiling measurement uncertainty analysis (2013)

The accumulation of dust and other environmental contaminants on PV modules, also known as PV module soiling, is a significant source of lost potential power generation for PV installations. Designers and operators of utility-scale solar power plants are increasingly seeking methods to quantify soiling-related losses, in order to improve performance modeling and verification or to optimize washing schedules. Recently, soiling measurement equipment has been introduced based on the measurement of two co-planar PV modules, one of which is regularly cleaned, and the other of which naturally accumulates environmental contaminants. These measurements are used to determine a soiling ratio (SR), which may be applied as a derate factor in analysis of the PV system performance. In this work, we have performed an analytical calculation of the uncertainty in soiling ratio measurements. We find that soiling ratio measurements can be performed with uncertainties on the order of ~±1% or better on an absolute basis, depending on calibration conditions, operating temperatures, angular alignments, and other factors we discuss.
Brain state decoding for rapid image retrieval (2009)

Human visual perception is able to recognize a wide range of targets under challenging conditions, but has limited throughput. Machine vision and automatic content analytics can process images at a high speed, but suffers from inadequate recognition accuracy for general target classes. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm to explore and combine the strengths of both systems. A single trial EEG-based brain machine interface (BCI) subsystem is used to detect objects of interest of arbitrary classes from an initial subset of images. The EEG detection outcomes are used as input to a graph-based pattern mining subsystem to identify, refine, and propagate the labels to retrieve relevant images from a much larger pool. The combined strategy is unique in its generality, robustness, and high throughput. It has great potential for advancing the state of the art in media retrieval applications. We have evaluated and demonstrated significant performance gains of the proposed system with multiple and diverse image classes over several data sets, including those from Internet (Caltech 101) and remote sensing images. In this paper, we will also present insights learned from the experiments and discuss future research directions.
Modeling of concentrating solar thermoelectric generators (2011)

The conversion of solar power into electricity is dominated by non-concentrating photovoltaics and concentrating solar thermal systems. Recently, it has been shown that solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs) are a viable alternative in the non-concentrating regime. This paper addresses the possibility of STEGs being used as the power block in concentrating solar power systems. STEG power blocks have no moving parts, they are scalable, and they eliminate the need for an external traditional thermomechanical generator, such as a steam turbine or Stirling engine. Using existing skutterudite and bismuth telluride materials, concentrating STEGs can have efficiencies exceeding 10% based on a geometric optical concentration ratio of 45.
Origin of the Resistance-Area-Product Dependence of Spin-Transfer-Torque Switching in Perpendicular Magnetic Random-Access Memory Cells (2020)

We report on an experimental study of current-induced switching in perpendicular magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) cells with variable resistance-area products (RAs). Our results show that in addition to spin-transfer torque (STT), current-induced self-heating and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy also contribute to switching and can explain the RA dependencies of the switching-current density and STT efficiency. Our findings suggest that thermal optimization of perpendicular MRAM cells can result in significant reduction of switching currents.
A Direct Sampling Mixer with complex coefficient transfer function in 65nm CMOS (2011)

The Direct Sampling Mixer (DSM) with complex coefficient transfer function is demonstrated. The operation theory and the detail design methodology are discussed for the 2-parallel architecture, which can achieve large image rejection by introducing the attenuation pole at the image frequency band. The proposed architecture was fabricated in a 65nm CMOS process. The measured results agree well with the theoretical calculation, which proves the validity of the proposed architecture and the design methodology. By using the proposed design method, it will be possible for circuit designers to design the DSM with large image rejection ratio without repeated lengthy simulations.
Tailoring Two-Electron-Donating Phenothiazines To Enable High-Concentration Redox Electrolytes for Use in Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2019)

This study aims to advance our understanding of the physical and electrochemical behavior of nonaqueous redox electrolytes at elevated concentrations and to develop experimentally informed structure–property relationships that may ultimately enable deterministic design of soluble multielectron-transfer organic redox couples for use in redox flow batteries. To this end, we functionalized a phenothiazine core to simultaneously impart two desired properties: high solubility and multiple electron transfer. Specifically, we report the synthesis, solubility, and electrochemical analysis of two new phenothiazine derivatives, 3,7-dimethoxy-N-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)phenothiazine and N-ethyl-3,7-bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phenothiazine, both of which are two-electron donors that are miscible with nonaqueous electrolytes. This dual-property improvement compared to previous phenothiazine derivatives allows for extended symmetric flow cell experiments for 460 h of cycling of a multielectron transfer system at high concentrations (0.3 M active material, 0.6 M faradaic concentration), better representing practical devices.
Sealing coupling. [LMFBR] (1982)

The kinetics of lysozyme and insulin amyloid formation in the presence of the oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) was investigated using Thioflavin T fluorescence assay. The kinetic parameters of fibrillization process (lag time and apparent rate constant) have been determined upon varying the following experimental parameters: the type of lipid assemblies (premicellar aggregates and lipid bilayer vesicles), pH, temperature and lipid-to-protein molar ratio. It was found that oxPLs premicellar aggregates induced the more pronounced increase of the maximum Thioflavin T fluorescence, which is proportional to the extent of fibril formation, compared to the vesicles composed of the oxidized and unoxidized lipids. In contrast, the oxPLs, used as dispersions or included into vesicles, inhibited fibril nucleation and elongation under near-physiological conditions in vitro compared to liposomes containing unoxidized lipids. The results obtained provide deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of the oxidative stress-modulated conformational diseases, and could be employed for the anti-amyloid drug development.
Continuous Production of Potato in an AFT System (1995)

An experiment was conducted in the Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) at Kennedy Space Center to determine the feasibility of continuous steady-state production of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Plants were grown in a “batch” or continuous production mode using either 0.5 × modified Hoaglands or effluent from aerobically processed inedible potato biomass as a nutrient source. EC and pH were controlled to 0.12 S·m –1 and 5.8, respectively. The batch harvest occurred after 104 days and continuous harvest occurred every 26 days, with replanting occurring in the same solution. Continuous production on “aged” solution resulted in earlier tuber initiation, reduced plant height, and smaller canopies than the “batch” treatment. Planting density of the continuous treatment was increased from eight to 16 plants/m 2 . Because one quarter of the planting area was harvested and replanted every 26 days, a steady-state of canopy coverage between 60% to 75% of the chamber was maintained. Steady-state of CO 2 fixation was also maintained in the continuous treatment. There was no effect on either quantum efficiency, tuber yield, or harvest index of the plants grown in continuous production. Although replanting into “aged” nutrient solution resulted in earlier tuber initiation and reduced plant size, the system reached a steady state of production, which is desirable for advanced life support system.