gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Rotary-Reciprocating Cryogenic Refrigerator for Space Applications. (1972)

This interim technical report covers the work carried out during the first six months of an Advanced Development Program to develop a highly reliable rotary-reciprocating refrigerator suitable for long-term spaceborne applications. The equipment is to produce 1.5 watts of refrigeration at 12 K and 40 watts of refrigeration at 60 K while requiring less than 2500 watts of input power. It utilizes the reversed Brayton cycle and employs rotary-reciprocating compressors and expansion engines. Under the development program, a prototype refrigerator is to be designed, fabricated, and subjected to an intensive test program culminating in a 5000-hour continuous endurance run. The refrigerator consists of a compressor assembly (containing the compressors and aftercooler), an expander assembly (containing the expansion engines, the drive mechanism, and all cold-end components), and electronic power conditioning equipment to drive and control the compressor and expander pistons. This report discusses the selection of the thermodynamic cycle for the refrigerator and describes the design of the compressor assembly, the expander assembly, and the power conditioning equipment. Experimental results from tests with the first- and second-generation power conditioning equipment are presented. The calculated overall characteristics of the refrigerator (size, weight, power, etc) are summarized, and system operation is discussed. (Author)
Minimally Invasive Cutaneous Delivery of Macromolecules and Plasmid DNA Via Microneedles (2005)

The stratum corneum (SC) represents a significant barrier to the delivery of gene therapy formulations. In order to realise the potential of therapeutic cutaneous gene transfer, delivery strategies are required to overcome this exclusion effect. This study investigates the ability of microfabricated silicon microneedle arrays to create micron-sized channels through the SC of ex vivo human skin and the resulting ability of the conduits to facilitate localised delivery of charged macromolecules and plasmid DNA (pDNA). Microscopic studies of microneedle-treated human epidermal membrane revealed the presence of microconduits (10-20 microm diameter). The delivery of a macromolecule, beta-galactosidase, and of a 'non-viral gene vector mimicking' charged fluorescent nanoparticle to the viable epidermis of microneedle-treated tissue was demonstrated using light and fluorescent microscopy. Track etched permeation profiles, generated using 'Franz-type' diffusion cell methodology and a model synthetic membrane showed that >50% of a colloidal particle suspension permeated through membrane pores in approximately 2 hours. On the basis of these results, it is probable that microneedle treatment of the skin surface would facilitate the cutaneous delivery of lipid:polycation:pDNA (LPD) gene vectors, and other related vectors, to the viable epidermis. Preliminary gene expression studies confirmed that naked pDNA can be expressed in excised human skin following microneedle disruption of the SC barrier. The presence of a limited number of microchannels, positive for gene expression, indicates that further studies to optimise the microneedle device morphology, its method of application and the pDNA formulation are warranted to facilitate more reproducible cutaneous gene delivery.
Role of trabectedin in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (2009)

Interest in marine natural products has allowed the discovery of new drugs and trabectedin (ET-743, Yondelis), derived from the marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, was approved for clinical use in 2007. It binds to the DNA minor groove leading to interferences with the intracellular transcription pathways and DNA-repair proteins. In vitro antitumor activity was demonstrated against various cancer cell lines and soft tissue sarcoma cell lines. In phase I studies tumor responses were observed also in osteosarcomas and different soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. The most common toxicities were myelosuppression and transient elevation of liver function tests, which could be reduced by dexamethasone premedication. The efficacy of trabectedin was established in three phase II studies where it was administered at 1.5 mg/m2 as a 24 h intravenous infusion repeated every three weeks, in previously treated patients. The objective response rate was 3.7%-8.3% and the tumor control rate (which included complete response, partial response and stable disease) was obtained in half of patients for a median overall survival reaching 12 months. In nonpretreated patients the overall response rate was 17%. Twenty-four percent of patients were without progression at six months. The median overall survival was almost 16 months with 72% surviving at one year. Predictive factors of response are being explored to identify patients who are most likely to respond to trabectedin. Combination with other agents are currently studied with promising results. In summary trabectedin is an active new chemotherapeutic agents that has demonstrated its role in the armamentarium of treatments for patients with sarcomas.
Spinal cord injury (2016)

This chapter discusses the case of a 30-year-old single man, Stan, who fell from scaffolding. At the time of injury he was unable to move his legs and was taken to his local hospital where he was found to have a C3 complete spinal cord injury. The unstable spinal injury has undergone fixation. He is currently ventilated on an ICU unit. He is 6 weeks post injury and medically stable and is awaiting a bed at a specialist spinal injury centre for rehabilitation. The nearest specialist unit that will take ventilated patients is 105 miles away. He is unable to swallow and is being fed with a nasogastric (NG) tube. The questions raised in this chapter include queries regarding the nutrition and dietetic diagnosis, dietetic intervention, energy requirements for Stan considering that his spinal cord injury has resulted in loss of nerve supply to the body below the C3 level.
Validation for quantification of immunoglobulins by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (2008)

Together with PLS analysis, FT-IR spectrometry appears to be an easy-to-use and accurate method to determine multianalyte concentrations in dried human plasma. It could be an alternative tool for rapidly quantifying many molecules after developing a specific predictive model.
Understanding the Responsiveness of Mobile App Developers to Software Library Updates (2019)

This paper reports a longitudinal measurement study aiming to understand how mobile app developers are responsive to updates of software libraries over time. To quantify their responsiveness to library updates, we collected 21,046 Android apps, which equated 142,611 unique application package kit (APK) files, each corresponding to a different version of an app. The release dates of these APK files spanned across 9 years. The key findings we derived from our analysis are as follows. (1) We observed an undesirable level of responsiveness of app developers; 50% of library update adoptions by app developers were performed for more than 3 months after the release date of the library, and 50% of outdated libraries used in apps were retained for over 10 months. (2) Deploying a security fix campaign in the app distribution market effectively reduced the number of apps with unfixed vulnerabilities; however, CVE-numbered vulnerabilities (without a campaign) were prone to remain unfixed. (3) The responsiveness of app developers varied and depended on multiple factors, for example, popular apps with a high number of installations had a better response to library updates and, while it took 77 days on average for app developers to adopt version updates for advertising libraries, it took 237 days for updates of utility libraries to be adopted. We discuss practical ways to eliminate libraries with vulnerabilities and to improve the responsiveness of app developers to library updates.
Radiofrequency coagulation of ventricular myocardium: Improved prediction of lesion size by monitoring catheter tip temperature (1989)

To assess the importance of voltage, current, impedance and catheter tip temperature for the prediction of the size of tissue injury induced by transcatheter radiofrequency application, radiofrequency pulses (500 kHz) were delivered both in vitro and in vivo to isolated ventricular preparations and the intact canine heart, respectively. Radiofrequency coagulations were performed using unipolar electrode configuration. Besides measurements of current and voltage which were used to calculate the delivered power and tissue impedance, the catheter tip temperature was monitored during each application using specially designed 6F USCI catheters with a built-in nickel/chromium-nickel thermoelement. Lesion dimensions were measured and the correlation between lesion volume and delivered radiofrequency energy, maximum changes in catheter tip temperature and the integral of the temperature curve were calculated. First, in a pilot in vitro investigation, 50 radiofrequency coagulations (3.2 W-22.4 W, pulse duration 10 s) were performed in ventricular preparations from freshly excised dog hearts. The correlation between applied radiofrequency energy and lesion volume was 0.87; the correlation between maximal catheter tip temperature and lesion volume was 0.82; the correlation between temperature integral and lesion volume was 0.9. In the intact dog heart, 44 radiofrequency pulses were delivered to the left and right ventricular endocardium in 12 anaesthetized dogs (exposure time: 10 s). Delivered power ranged between 5.6 W and 24.6 W; tissue impedance varied between 92 omega and 364 omega; lesion volume measured 0-273 mm3; developed peak temperatures ranged from 16.25 degrees C to 196 degrees C. The calculated integral beneath temperature curves measured 126-1971 degrees C.s. The correlation between applied radiofrequency energy and lesion volume was 0.32; the correlation between maximal catheter tip temperature and lesion volume was 0.61. Temperature integral correlated best with the assessed volume of myocardial necrosis (r = 0.7). No significant arrhythmogenic or haemodynamic side-effects were observed. Macroscopic examination showed a central depression surrounded by a zone of homogeneous coagulation. Vaporization and crater formation up to a depth of 4 mm were observed following three radiofrequency discharges. In two of these cases, rapid changes and oscillation of catheter tip temperature were observed. Thus, monitoring of catheter tip temperature during radiofrequency energy application improves the prediction of lesion size. In addition, temperature monitoring might improve the safety of the procedure with respect to the risk of perforation.
La diversification des cultures : lever les obstacles agronomiques et économiques (2014)

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Map Displays for the Analysis of Scalar Data on Cerebral Aneurysm Surfaces (2009)

Abstract Cerebral aneurysms result from a congenital or evolved weakness of stabilizing parts of the vessel wall and potentially lead to rupture and a life‐threatening bleeding. Current medical research concentrates on the integration of blood flow simulation results for risk assessment of cerebral aneurysms. Scalar flow characteristics close to the aneurysm surface, such as wall shear stress, form an important part of the simulation results. Aneurysms exhibit variable surface shapes with only few landmarks. Therefore, the exploration and mental correlation of different surface regions is a difficult task. In this paper, we present an approach for the intuitive and interactive overview visualization of near wall flow data that is mapped onto the surface of a 3D model of a cerebral aneurysm. We combine a multi‐perspective 2D projection map with a standard 3D visualization and present techniques to facilitate the correlation between a 3D model and a related 2D map. An informal evaluation with 4 experienced radiologists has shown that the map‐based overview actually improves the surface exploration. Furthermore, different color schemes were discussed and, as a result, an appropriate color scheme for the visual analysis of the wall shear stress is presented.
Use of a custom alignment guide to improve glenoid component position in total shoulder arthroplasty (2012)

A CT-based custom glenoid component alignment can reliably guide the placement of the glenoid component during conventional and reverse TSA. This custom jig may be useful for optimizing glenoid component position in the setting of reverse and TSA.
Minimizing manual annotation cost in supervised training from corpora (1996)

Corpus-based methods for natural language processing often use supervised training, requiring expensive manual annotation of training corpora. This paper investigates methods for reducing annotation cost by sample selection. In this approach, during training the learning program examines many unlabeled examples and selects for labeling (annotation) only those that are most informative at each stage. This avoids redundantly annotating examples that contribute little new information. This paper extends our previous work on committee-based sample selection for probabilistic classifiers. We describe a family of methods for committee-based sample selection, and report experimental results for the task of stochastic part-of-speech tagging. We find that all variants achieve a significant reduction in annotation cost, though their computational efficiency differs. In particular, the simplest method, which has no parameters to tune, gives excellent results. We also show that sample selection yields a significant reduction in the size of the model used by the tagger.
Genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2013)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of human cancer for which there are no effective therapies. Deep sequencing of PDAC tumors has revealed the presence of a high number of mutations (>50) that affect at least a dozen key signaling pathways. This scenario highlights the urgent need to develop experimental models that faithfully reproduce the natural history of these human tumors in order to understand their biology and to design therapeutic approaches that might effectively interfere with their multiple mutated pathways. Over the last decade, several models, primarily based on the genetic activation of resident KRas oncogenes knocked-in within the endogenous KRas locus have been generated. These models faithfully reproduce the histological lesions that characterize human pancreatic tumors. Decoration of these models with additional mutations, primarily involving tumor suppressor loci known to be also mutated in human PDAC tumors, results in accelerated tumor progression and in the induction of invasive and metastatic malignancies. Mouse PDACs also display a desmoplastic stroma and inflammatory responses that closely resemble those observed in human patients. Interestingly, adult mice appear to be resistant to PDAC development unless the animals undergo pancreatic damage, mainly in the form of acute, chronic or even temporary pancreatitis. In this review, we describe the most representative models available to date and how their detailed characterization is allowing us to understand their cellular origin as well as the events involved in tumor progression. Moreover, their molecular dissection is starting to unveil novel therapeutic strategies that could be translated to the clinic in the very near future.
Ranolazine Improves Autonomic Balance in Heart Failure When Added to Guideline-Driven Therapy (2014)

RAN improves unfavorable P&S activity in CHF possibly by a direct effect upon autonomic sodium channels.
Monolithic Integration of AlGaN/GaN HEMT on LED by MOCVD (2014)

Monolithic integration of high-performance AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) on sapphire substrates has been demonstrated by metal organic chemical vapor deposition selective growth technique. The integrated HEMT-LED exhibits a peak transconductance <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(G_{m})$</tex> </formula> of 244 mS/mm, a maximum drain current <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(I_{d})$</tex></formula> of 920 mA/mm, and an ON-resistance <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(R_{\rm on})$</tex></formula> of 2.6 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Omega{\cdot}{\rm mm}$</tex></formula> . The forward voltage <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(V_{F})$</tex></formula> of the LED is 3.1 V under an injection current of 10 mA. The integrated LED emits modulated light power efficiently at a wavelength of 470 nm by a serially connected GaN HEMT, showing potential applications such as solid-state lighting, displays, and visible light communications.
Lovastatin Production by Pleurotus ostreatus: Effects of the C:N Ratio (2006)

The types of carbon source and nitrogen source used as well as the C:N ratio in the medium influenced lovastatin production by Pleurotus ostreatus. The maximum value of the lovastatin yield was obtained in a medium that contained organic nitrogen.
Matching events and activities by integrating behavioral aspects and label analysis (2017)

Nowadays, business processes are increasingly supported by IT services that produce massive amounts of event data during the execution of a process. These event data can be used to analyze the process using process mining techniques to discover the real process, measure conformance to a given process model, or to enhance existing models with performance information. Mapping the produced events to activities of a given process model is essential for conformance checking, annotation and understanding of process mining results. In order to accomplish this mapping with low manual effort, we developed a semi-automatic approach that maps events to activities using insights from behavioral analysis and label analysis. The approach extracts Declare constraints from both the log and the model to build matching constraints to efficiently reduce the number of possible mappings. These mappings are further reduced using techniques from natural language processing, which allow for a matching based on labels and external knowledge sources. The evaluation with synthetic and real-life data demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach and its robustness toward non-conforming execution logs.
Everyday Aesthetics and Artification (2012)

Everyday aesthetics aims to illuminate the rich aesthetic dimensions of our lives that have been neglected in the modern Anglo-American art-centered aesthetic discourse. Artification, a new concept and practice, encourages us to experience various aspects of our lives normally not associated with art or aesthetics, such as business, education, and medical practice, from an artistic viewpoint. Both discourses are helpful in sharpening our aesthetic sensibility and enriching our aesthetic life. However, precisely because the aesthetic dimension of our lives exerts a considerable power in shaping our lives and the world, we need to cultivate aesthetic literacy and a vigilant attitude toward the use of this power. I argue against the indiscriminate and uncritical adoption of artification by exploring the ways in which the artification strategy can undermine the intended purpose and the value of art in a workaday environment and organizational practice.
In vitro Inhibition of Pancreatic Enzyme Activities by Dietary Fiber (1982)

Trypsin, amylase, lipase and phospholipase activities were assayed in buffer solutions and in human duodenal juice after incubation with different types of dietary fiber. In buffer solutions, trypsin activity was slightly reduced and amylase activity heavily reduced by pectin of low methylic esterification (LM pectin). Lipase activity was markedly reduced by LM pectin and also moderately reduced by pectin of high methylic esterification (HM pectin). Phospholipase was hardly influenced at all by fiber. Activities of pancreatic enzymes in human duodenal juice were examined after in vitro incubation with pectins, guar gum, wheat bran and ispaghula. Ispaghula did not affect the enzymes except for lipase activity, which was moderately inhibited. The other fiber preparations examined reduced amylase activity by 35-100% at fiber concentrations of up to 1.5 g%, lipase by 40-95% and trypsin by 40-85%. LM pectin had the strongest inhibitory effect among the different fiber preparations studied. Phospholipase activity was only influenced by the pectins, which caused a 75% reduction. It is concluded that dietary fiber of different kinds has the capacity to inhibit pancreatic enzyme activities. This inhibitory effect is dependent on the type of fiber and differently affects the different enzymes. Further, the inhibition seems to be more pronounced when exerted in human duodenal juice than in conventional buffer systems.
Role of feedback signals to hindbrain in discriminating between two objects in electrolocation (2004)

In order to clarify the neuronal mechanism by which the weakly electric fish discriminates between two objects presented nearby the fish body, we propose a model of electrosensory system including the feedforward signals from receptors and the feedback signals from higher nuclei. The distortion of electric organ discharge (EOD), induced by two objects, were calculated by the model of fish body. We show that the information relevant to each object is roughly separated by the synchronicity of burst patterns evoked on electrosensory lateral-line lobe (ELL) map. The functional roles of feedback signals to ELL are to facilitate the temporal separation of burst patterns evoked on ELL map, and to amplify selectively the burst pattern relevant to an attentive object.
Rapid Breakdown of Microvascular Barriers and Subsequent Hemorrhagic Transformation After Delayed Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment in a Rat Embolic Stroke Model (2002)

The DeltaR2* changes during rtPA delivery in MION-injected animals indicate extravasation of MION, which reflects increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. This implies that late rtPA treatment rapidly aggravates early ischemia-induced damage to microvascular barriers, thereby enhancing hemorrhagic transformation.
[Effects of CeA lesions on the initiation and expression of sodium appetite in sodium-deficient rats]. (2019)

Low-sodium diet induces an increase in the expression of sodium appetite in rats. CeA lesions inhibit the behavioral expression of sodium appetite in sodium-deficient rats but have no effects on the initiation of sodium appetite in rats with sodium-deficient rats.