gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal-specific Cholesterol Reduction by Biocleavable Polyrotaxanes for Ameliorating Niemann-Pick Type C Disease (2014)

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal trafficking disorder, in which the cholesterols are abnormally accumulated in lysosomes. Recently, the β-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives are revealed to show therapeutic effect for NPC disease through the removal of accumulated cholesterols in lysosomes. Herein, to enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce the toxicity of β-CD derivatives, biocleavable Pluronic/β-CD-based polyrotaxanes (PRXs) bearing terminal disulfide linkages that can release threaded β-CDs in lysosomes were developed. The biocleavable PRXs show negligible interaction with the plasma membrane, leading to avoiding the toxicity of β-CDs derived from their hydrophobic cavity. Additionally, lysosomal release of threaded β-CDs from biocleavable PRXs by the intracellular cleavage of terminal disulfide linkages is found to achieve approximately 100-fold higher cholesterol removal ability from NPC disease-derived cells than β-CD derivatives. Consequently, the biocleavable PRXs is considered to be a noninvasive and effective therapeutics for NPC disease.
The Outbreak of Pandemic Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Overview (2020)

Recent deadly Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan- China is not new virus. Such type of viral diseases have been found in the history like in 1967-MARBUG (virus) in Ugandan, in 1979-EBOLA (virus), 1999-NIPPAH (virus) in Malaysia, SARS-2002 in China, MERS-2012 in Saudi Arabia and other related in outbreak happened in the past. Scientists believes that the Virus have been originated from Bats. The new Coronavirus (COVID-19), outbreak has become a great challenge before whole world. It has been declared PANDEMIC by WHO. The signs and symptoms in the first stage are likely to be Fever, cough, breathing problems and pneumonia. People with weak immunity and elderly people mostly do not resist this virus and ultimately lead to death. Contaminated water, food, and hands could allow the virus to enter the body through the mouth, nose, and eyes. Currently, there are no drug/antiviral antibiotics available to counter this disease. However, usual medication are taken immediately if a person -confirmed positive and different precautionary measures are directed to follow in order to counter this outbreak worldwide. The present study is an attempt to explore the main cause and impact of deadly COVID-19 outbreak. Web based literature survey is carried to find out the objectives by thoroughly studying authentic web resources and journals in this regard. Further Worldometer database is consulted to know the impact of COVID-19 virus infected cases (New Cases, Serious/critical, Death rate etc.).
Effects of joint load on the stiffness and laxity of ligament-deficient knees. An in vitro study of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments. (1985)

We measured the effects of serial section of the medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament and of the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament on anterior-posterior force-versus-displacement and tibial torque-versus-rotation response curves for seven fresh frozen cadaver knees at zero and 20 degrees of flexion before and after application of as much as 925 newtons of compressive load on the tibiofemoral joint. Section of the anterior cruciate ligament always increased anterior laxity in an unloaded specimen; joint load reduced this increase by a greater amount at zero degrees than at 20 degrees of flexion. Joint load was more effective in limiting anterior laxity in anterior cruciate-deficient specimens at low levels of applied anterior force; at higher levels of applied force, the effects of joint congruency were overcome and ligament restraints came into play. Section of the medial collateral ligament increased anterior laxity in an unloaded knee only for specimens in which the anterior cruciate ligament had been previously sectioned; joint load eliminated this increase at full extension but did not do so at 20 degrees of flexion. The medial collateral ligament was the more important of the two ligaments in controlling torsional laxity. Secondary section of either ligament (the other ligament having been sectioned first) produced a greater increase in laxity than did primary section of that ligament in an intact knee. Increases in torsional laxity due to primary section of either ligament were unaffected by the application of joint load. Joint load reduced increases in laxity that were due to secondary section of the medial collateral ligament.
Exposure-adaptive color-image enhancement (2009)

In many cases, it is not possible to faithfully capture shadow and highlight image data of a high dynamic range (HDR) scene using a common digital camera, due to its narrow dynamic range (DR). Conventional solutions tried to solve the problem with an captured image which has saturated highlight and/or lack of shadow information. In this situation, we introduce a color image enhancing method with the scene-adaptive exposure control. First, our method recommends an optimal exposure to obtain more information in highlight by the histogram-based scene analysis. Next, the proposed luminance and contrast enhancement is performed on the captured image. The main processing consists of luminance enhancement, multi-band contrast stretching, and color compensation. The luminance and chrominance components of input RGB data is separated by converting into HSV color space. The luminance is increased using an adaptive log function. Multi-band contrast stretching functions are applied to each sub-band to enhance shadow and highlight at the same time. To remove boundary discontinuities between sub-bands, the multi-level low-pass filtering is employed. The blurred image data represents local illumination while the contrast-stretched details correspond to reflectance of the scene. The restored luminance image is produced by the combination of multi-band contrast stretched image and multilevel low-pass filtered image. Color compensation proportional to the amount of luminance enhancement is applied to make an output image.
Brain ablation in the rat cerebral cortex using a tunable‐free electron laser (2003)

It was found in these experiments that wavelengths in the mid-IR could be selected for optimal ablative properties. Using tunable, high-peak-power pulsed lasers, it will be possible to produce well-defined photoablative lesions that conform to small, irregularly shaped neurosurgical targets.
Crash Safety Aspects of HV Batteries for Vehicles (2011)

Undisputed, the current safety standards for high voltage batteries address the chemical and thermal performance of battery cells during mechanical loads, i.e. pressure forces and intrusion. However, they do not represent the typical loads to the battery in vehicle crashes: (1) The battery intrusions specified in the standards, namely 50 % of the battery dimension, cannot be achieved with the typical battery on standard compression machines due to the high forces needed; and (2) The maximum forces specified in the standards, namely the thousandfold of the battery weight, are unrealistically high even for small batteries in mild hybrid vehicles (i.e. the 24 kg battery of the Mercedes-Benz S 400 HYBRID). The loads applied to the battery rarely exceed 200 kN. Even with 240 kN applied to the battery package, the battery intrusion achieved is only approx 11 %, which is well below the targeted 50 %. There are two main differences between the loads applied to the battery in a vehicle crash versus the quasi-static battery tests: (1) Due to the crash propagation, the load is applied indirectly by the surrounding structure and components via multiple and distributed load paths; and (2) Due to the short period of the peak loads, the battery can withstand much higher dynamical forces than the maximum static loads. In order to assess the safety performance of HV batteries in severe crashes more realistically, a comprehensive series of dynamical impact tests was conducted with all types and sizes of HV batteries used in the current Mercedes-Benz hybrid and electric vehicles. The load profiles were derived from both, the relevant vehicle crashes, and the quasi-static battery standards, applying even higher loads and battery intrusions. The tests were conducted at the crash test facility of the TUV SUD, utilizing two different test methods: a) The moving battery hitting an impactor attached to the rigid barrier; and b) The moving impactor hitting the battery attached to the rigid barrier. Despite the high loads and the resulting major battery intrusions, no thermal or electric reactions occurred, neither short circuits, nor electrolyte leakages, nor fire or explosion. The shock-proof protection was ensured in all tests. Given the very realistic test method along with the high loads applied, a very high crash safety performance could be demonstrated for all the batteries. Furthermore, the tests confirmed that there are major differences in the load characteristic between the quasi-static battery test standards, and the dynamic crash loads. As a result, more realistic component tests for traction batteries must be specified as soon as possible.
Osteoblast Growth Inhibition by Unfractionated Heparin and by Low Molecular Weight Heparins: An in-vitro Investigation (2002)

Osteoporosis is a rare but potentially severe complication under high-dose, long-term unfractionated heparin therapy. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) have gained increased importance in antithrombotic therapy over the past decade. Whether this heterogeneous group of drugs carries a comparable risk of osteoporosis in long-term application is unknown. In a standardized in vitro model, the effects of 4 different low-molecular-weight heparins (nadroparin, enoxaparin, dalteparin, certoparin) on osteoblast growth were studied at the same dose (50 microg/mL). As control, the effect of unfractionated heparin (Liquemin) was tested on human osteoblasts in vitro at an equal dose. Human osteoblast cell cultures were incubated with equal doses of the heparins, and cell concentrations were measured after 48 and 96 hours. In addition, a fluorescence assay was performed to detect potential cytotoxic effect of heparins on bone cells. In comparison to control groups of non-incubated cell cultures, LMWHs caused a significant inhibition of osteoblast growth (p<0.05). Therefore, the risk of osteoporosis under long-term therapy with high doses of LMWHs cannot be excluded and should be further evaluated in clinical trials.
Exchange coupling in epitaxial CoO/NiFe bilayers with compensated and uncompensated interfacial spin structures (2001)

An uncompensated antiferromagnetic surface of CoO is essential for the establishment of exchange bias. Exchange coupling for compensated surfaces is manifested by a large coercivity but no exchange bias field. Degradation of a compensated surface leads to an exchange bias field. These results clarify a key outstanding issue in exchange bias.
Targeting the androgen receptor in prostate and breast cancer: several new agents in development (2015)

Prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) share similarities as hormone-sensitive cancers with a wide heterogeneity of both phenotype and biology. The androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone receptor involved in both benign and malignant processes. Targeting androgen synthesis and the AR pathway has been and remains central to PCa therapy. Recently, there has been increased interest in the role of the AR in BCa development and growth, with results indicating AR co-expression with estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors, across all intrinsic subtypes of BCa. Targeting the AR axis is an evolving field with novel therapies in development which may ultimately be applicable to both tumor types. In this review, we offer an overview of available agents which target the AR axis in both PCa and BCa and provide insights into the novel drugs in development for targeting this signaling pathway.
A new method for measuring RMS values (1986)

A new method for measuring rms values is presented which uses neither a thermoelement nor logarithmic circuits. It can be completely implemented by low-cost conventional electronic circuits and can also be applied to the working out of an algorithm for computing machines.
Preparation and characterisation of dietary fibre from sugar beet pulp (1988)

Abstract Dried sugar beet pulp was ground and washed with 95% ethanol in order to obtain a colourless and odourless product which could be used as dietary fibre after drying and sieving. Sugar beet fibre had the same chemical composition as the initial pulp: 26–32% of hemicelluloses, 22–24% cellulose, 21.5–23% uronic acids, ∼1–2% lignin, ∼7–8% protein, 7.5–12% ash and ∼0.5% residual sucrose. The main physicochemical properties such as density, cation exchange capacity (∼0.6 meq g −1 ) and water holding capacity (24–32 g g −1 ) were determined. The water holding capacity of sugar beet fibre was only slightly affected by pH and ionic strength (adjusted by NaCl or CaCl 2 ) but it held less water in the H + form than in the salt form, Na + or Ca 2+ .
Optimizing Spatial filters for Robust EEG Single-Trial Analysis (2008)

Due to the volume conduction multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings give a rather blurred image of brain activity. Therefore spatial filters are extremely useful in single-trial analysis in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. There are powerful methods from machine learning and signal processing that permit the optimization of spatio-temporal filters for each subject in a data dependent fashion beyond the fixed filters based on the sensor geometry, e.g., Laplacians. Here we elucidate the theoretical background of the common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm, a popular method in brain-computer interface (BCD research. Apart from reviewing several variants of the basic algorithm, we reveal tricks of the trade for achieving a powerful CSP performance, briefly elaborate on theoretical aspects of CSP, and demonstrate the application of CSP-type preprocessing in our studies of the Berlin BCI (BBCI) project.
Solid-State Fault Current Limiter based on Magnetic Turn off Principle (2014)

In this paper, a new type of Solid-State Fault Current Limiter(FCL) is proposed. Magnetic Turn off(MTO) FCL is composed of transformer cores and windings. And it utilizes thyristor controller to implement limiting operation. The primary winding is connected to the power grid. The secondary & tertiary windings are wound opposite direction to the primary winding. During the ‘Turn On’ state, magnetic fluxes produced in the primary winding are canceled out by the secondary winding. The secondary & tertiary windings are controlled by thyristors, and this state makes no impedance throughout the FCL. When fault occurs, MTO FCL will be immediately switched to ‘Turn Off’ state and this makes the secondary & tertiary windings open. After this operation high impedance will be induced throughout the FCL. MTO FCL is expected to be more practical to implement, because it does not use any superconducting materials or additional complex cooling systems.
A Distributed Cooperative SAR Three-dimensional Imaging Method (2019)

To obtain high-resolution and three-dimensional SAR imaging results, traditional three-dimensional SAR requires dense radar sampling in both azimuth and elevation, which requires a very large collection time and storage space, and may be very expensive in practice. In recent years, distributed collaboration technology has received extensive attention, especially the rapid development of UAV cluster technology. UAV cluster technology has the characteristics of low cost, large scale and high intelligence. Sparse sampled SAR data with multi-pass, large-baseline and wide-angle can be obtained by cooperative flight of multiple small UAVs, and the three-dimensional SAR imaging results with high resolution are expected. However, because of the strong maneuverability of UAV platform and the need to adjust flight trajectory to avoid obstacles, the Scanning trajectory of target through UAVs is not strictly regular, but a random curve. Therefore, k -space samples will be wide-ranging, non-uniform and sparse, resulting in characteristics of coupling and space-varying. Such data cannot be processed by traditional three-dimensional imaging methods. In this paper, a distributed cooperative SAR three-dimensional imaging method is studied. We first develop signal model for distributed cooperative SAR. Sub-aperture division is carried out based on the equal-interval division method. Then, the nonuniform sampling data in k -space is interpolated by Non-uniform FFT algorithms. Considering the sparsity of samples, the imaging problem is modeled as a sparse reconstruction problem. Finally, a fast algorithm of Lp-norm regularization is used for three-dimensional sparse imaging. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only can obtain high resolution three-dimensional imaging results for distributed cooperative SAR, but also has high efficiency and low computational complexity.
Effect of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin and propylene glycol alginate on the solubility of clozapine (2018)

Clozapine (CLZ) is an atypical antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia and is poorly soluble in water (0.05 mM). In this study, we have investigated the effect of β-cyclodextrin (CD) and its derivatives on the solubility of CLZ. The solubility of the CLZ was measured to generate a phase solubility diagram, and the interaction between CLZ and sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) in aqueous solution was observed by <sup>1</sup>H- and 2D rotating-frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY)-NMR methods. Moreover, the synergistic effect of SBE-β-CD and water-soluble polymers, including polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and propylene glycol alginate (PGA), on the solubility of CLZ was investigated. The results show that the solubility of CLZ with 1 w/v% PGA was 7.6 mM, which was almost four times greater than that of CLZ without PGA in a 15 mM SBE-β-CD solution. In contrast, the solubility of CLZ with 1 w/v % PGA in an aqueous solution decreased by one-third relative to that of CLZ in a 15 mM SBE-β-CD solution. 2D ROESY-NMR indicated that a CLZ/SBE-β-CD/PGA ternary complex formed. It was found that the combination of PGA and SBE-β-CD enhanced the solubility of CLZ.
Ultra-Low Resonant Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvester With High Power Density (2017)

We demonstrate a microscale vibration energy harvester exhibiting an ultra-low resonance frequency and high power density. A spiral shaped microelectromechanical system (MEMS) energy harvester was designed to harvest ambient vibrations at a low frequency (<;200 Hz) and acceleration (<;0.25 g). High quality Pb(Zr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.48</sub> Ti <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.52</sub> )O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PZT) film with 1.8 μm-thickness exhibiting remanent polarization of 36.2 μC/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and longitudinal piezoelectric constant of 155 pm/V was synthesized to achieve high efficiency mechanical to electrical conversion. The experimental results demonstrate an ultra-low natural frequency of 48 Hz for MEMS harvester. This is one of the lowest resonance frequency reported for the piezoelectric MEMS energy harvester. Further, the position of the natural frequency was controlled by modulating the number of spiral turns and weight of the proof mass. The vibration mode shape and stress distribution were validated through a finite element analysis. The maximum output power of 23.3 nW was obtained from the five turns spiral MEMS energy harvester excited at 0.25 g acceleration and 68Hz. The normalized area and the volumetric energy density were measured to be 5.04 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> μW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> · g <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> · Hz and 4.92 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> μW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> · g <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> · Hz, respectively.
An Unmanned Aerial Traffic Management solution for cities using an air parcel model (2015)

The Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) market once belonged to professional companies only. Now many amateur pilots fly cheap, smartphone controlled models available in any electronic store. Due to altitude, speed, and weight, these flying objects can cause damage and injury. Hence, a way to manage them is necessary. This paper presents a UAS Traffic Management (UTM) system comprising three components: a UAS electronic identification plate with an embedded logger, a ground identification equipment, and a Traffic Routing System (TRS). This UTM system uses the air parcel model, which divides the low altitude airspace in a 3-D air parcel map. In this system, land parcel owners possess the airspace above their real estate and approve or disallow overflights. The adoption of the described UTM allows cities to control UASs, to detect non-compliant flights, and to identify pilots.
High precision stereo profilometry (2001)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Helicobacter pylori attachment to gastric cells induces cytoskeletal rearrangements and tyrosine phosphorylation of host cell proteins. (1996)

The consequences of Helicobacter pylori attachment to human gastric cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. H. pylori attachment resulted in (i) effacement of microvilli at the site of attachment, (ii) cytoskeletal rearrangement directly beneath the bacterium, and (iii) cup/pedestal formation at the site of attachment. Double-immunofluorescence studies revealed that the cytoskeletal components actin, alpha-actinin, and talin are involved in the process. Immunoblot analysis showed that binding of H. pylori to AGS cells induced tyrosine phosphorylation of two host cell proteins of 145 and 105 kDa. These results indicate that attachment of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells resembles that of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Coccoid H. pylori, which are thought to be terminally differentiated bacterial forms, are capable of binding and inducing cellular changes of the same sort as spiral H. pylori, including tyrosine phosphorylation of host proteins.
An interface engine for implementing medical information bus (MIB) topology (2002)

The Medical Information Bus (MIB) or IEEE P1073 refers to the proposed family of digital network communication standards which would allow vendor-independent interconnection and interoperation of patient monitors, life support equipment, laboratory analyzers, and health care computer systems (see IEEE Standards Project P1073 Medical Information Bus. Proposed Standards Documents: P1073.1, P1073.2, P1073.3, P1073.4). The authors have designed, developed, and installed thirty neonatal bedside interface controllers (NBIC) in each of two neonatal intensive care units. The NBIC's acquire, integrate, and display comprehensive patient data at the bedside by using an interconnection topology which is similar to that of the MIB.