gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the rep technique for allele replacement to construct mutants with deletions of the pstSCAB-phoU operon: evidence of a new role for the PhoU protein in the phosphate regulon (1993)

The phosphate regulon is negatively regulated by the PstSCAB transporter and PhoU protein by a mechanism that may involve protein-protein interaction(s) between them and the Pi sensor protein, PhoR. In order to study such presumed interaction(s), mutants with defined deletions of the pstSCAB-phoU operon were made. This was done by construction of M13 recombinant phage carrying these mutations and by recombination of them onto the chromosome by using a rep host (which cannot replicate M13) for allele replacement. These mutants were used to show that delta (pstSCAB-phoU) and delta (pstB-phoU) mutations abolished Pi uptake by the PstSCAB transporter, as expected, and that delta phoU mutations had no effect on uptake. Unexpectedly, delta phoU mutations had a severe growth defect, and this growth defect was (largely) alleviated by a compensatory mutation in the pstSCAB genes or in the phoBR operon, whose gene products positively regulate expression of the pstSCAB-phoU operon. Because delta phoU mutants that synthesize a functional PstSCAB transporter constitutively grew extremely poorly, the PhoU protein must have a new role, in addition to its role as a negative regulator. A role for the PhoU protein in intracellular Pi metabolism is proposed. Further, our results contradict those of M. Muda, N. N. Rao, and A. Torriani (J. Bacteriol. 174:8057-8064, 1992), who reported that the PhoU protein was required for Pi uptake.
Super-resolution in laser annealing and ablation (2004)

This letter reports observation of ablated holes as small as 0.7 μm fabricated by single 25 ns pulses of KrF (λ=248 nm) laser focused onto a 5.6 μm spot. Samples with high thermal conductivity films with respect to that of the substrate (Si/silica, Al/glass) repeatedly showed considerable reduction in the size of the ablated spot (0.7- and 1.2-μm-diam holes, respectively). This letter also presents a likely mechanism of the observed super-resolution and the criteria necessary to achieve super-resolution. Due to the nonoptical origin of this effect it is expected that a tightly focused (&lt;0.5 μm) laser beam can be used to ablate with nanoscale (&lt;100 nm) resolution.
On the weibull shape factor of intrinsic breakdown of dielectric films and its accurate experimental determination-part II: experimental results and the effects of stress conditions (2002)

For pt. I see ibid., vol. 49, no. 12, p.2131 (2002).The Weibull slope measurement techniques described in Part I are used to determine Weibull slopes as function of thickness, voltage, and temperature. The effect of stress temperature and voltage on Weibull slopes is investigated over a wide range of voltage and temperatures for several different oxide thickness values. It was found that Weibull slopes show a strong thickness dependence while Weibull slopes are essentially independent of stress conditions such as voltages and temperature. The implications of the voltage-independent Weibull slope on voltage-dependent acceleration factors are discussed. In addition, the impact of electron injection polarity on Weibull slopes is studied in detail. To further advance understanding, we compare the measured Weibull slopes with different nitrogen incorporation processes under gate injection mode. It was found that for ultrathin oxides below 3 nm to the first order, the Weibull slopes are relatively insensitive to the nitrogen incorporation process for which we investigated. Finally, we discuss the validity of the stress-induced leakage current measurement as an experimental means to measure the critical defect density.
A resistively loaded, printed circuit, electrically short dipole element for wideband array applications (2002)

The author describes a resistively loaded triangular dipole design which is only 0.30 wavelengths long, yet exhibits a VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) of better than 2.0:1 when mounted in front of the backplane. This improvement in VSWR is at the expense of only a 3 dB decrease in element efficiency. The decrease in efficiency can be directly controlled by the value of the resistive loading. The element has been implemented in a printed circuit array fed by tapered line baluns operating over a 4:1 frequency band. Measured input impedance data vs. loading value is presented, as well as the radiation pattern variation over the band. >
Development of a novel DNA sensing system using DNA aptamer inhibited enzymatic activity 1 (2004)

A novel DNA detection system has been developed using the DNA aptamer inhibiting thrombin activity. The complementary strand to the target DNA was inserted into the loop region of the G-quartet structure of this adapter aiming at the disruption of it by the hybridization of the target DNA with its complementary strand in the aptamer. Using this modified aptamer, we were able to detect the target DNA by measuring thrombin activity.
Aroma compounds in Japanese sweet rice wine (Mirin) screened by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) (2014)

Thirty-nine key aroma compounds were newly identified or tentatively identified in the aroma concentrate of Japanese sweet rice wine (Mirin) by an aroma extract dilution analysis technique based on the 68 detected peaks. Among them, 3-(methylthio)propanal, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol were detected with the highest FD factors in this study.
Calpain 9 as a therapeutic target in TGFβ-induced mesenchymal transition and fibrosis (2019)

Fibrosis is a common pathologic outcome of chronic disease resulting in the replacement of normal tissue parenchyma with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts. Although the progenitor cell types and cellular programs giving rise to myofibroblasts through mesenchymal transition can vary between tissues and diseases, their contribution to fibrosis initiation, maintenance, and progression is thought to be pervasive. Here, we showed that the ability of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) to efficiently induce myofibroblast differentiation of cultured epithelial cells, endothelial cells, or quiescent fibroblasts is dependent on the induced expression and activity of dimeric calpains, a family of non-lysosomal cysteine proteases that regulate a variety of cellular events through posttranslational modification of diverse substrates. siRNA-based gene silencing demonstrated that TGFβ-induced mesenchymal transition of a murine breast epithelial cell line was dependent on induction of expression of calpain 9 (CAPN9), an isoform previously thought to be restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. Mice lacking functional CAPN9 owing to biallelic targeting of <i>Capn9</i> were viable and fertile but showed overt protection from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis, and angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. A predicted loss-of-function allele of CAPN9 is common in Southeast Asia, with the frequency of homozygosity matching the prediction of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Together with the highly spatially restricted pattern of CAPN9 expression under physiologic circumstances and the heartiness of the murine knockout, these data provide a strong signature for tolerance of therapeutic strategies for fibrosis aimed at CAPN9 antagonism.
Microwave and infrared conductivity of Na<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:math>-alumina; evidence for collective ionic effects (1976)

Detailed measurements of the ionic conductivity in single-crystal Na $\ensuremath{\beta}$-alumina are reported for frequencies between ${10}^{7}$ and ${10}^{13}$ Hz and for temperatures between 4.2 and 300 K. The quadratic temperature dependence of the conductivity at ${10}^{10}$ Hz and the large width (\ensuremath{\sim} 23 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) of the 65-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ phonon mode are consistent with a model in which there is a broad distribution of collective ion modes.
New nonscaling FFAG for medical applications (2007)

A hybrid design for a fixed-field alternating-gradient (FFAG) accelerator has been invented which uses edge and alternating-gradient focusing principles applied in a specific configuration to a combined-function (CF) magnet to stabilize tunes through an acceleration cycle which extends over a factor of 6 in momentum. Using normal conducting magnets, the final, extracted energy from this machine can attain slightly more than 400 MeV/nucleon without the use of superconducting elements. By using fixed-fields, the machine proposed here has the high current advantage of the cyclotron yet retains important features of the synchrotron: smaller radial aperture, variable energy, and both kicker-based and resonant extraction. This machine, without modification, supports a proton and a carbon ion beam in the energy range of interest for cancer therapy. Competing machines for this application include superconducting cyclotrons[1], synchrotrons [2], and, more recently, scaling FFAGs. As such this machine represents a broad innovation in therapy machines.
Desenvolvimento de tecnologia para produção de bioetanol a partir da semente de jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.). (2014)

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-24T16:38:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SHÂMIA BORBOREMA CABRAL - TESE PPGEP 2014..pdf: 2568406 bytes, checksum: 49c874b9a297e3b182edc28e1539bc52 (MD5)
Increased sensitivity to IL‐4 in cystic fibrosis patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (2003)

ABPA CF patients have increased sensitivity to IL-4 but not to IL-13 up-regulation of CD23 molecules compared with non-ABPA CF patients. There were decreased percentages of IFN-gamma+ and IL-2+ Th1 T cells in CF patients compared with nonatopic controls but similar percentages of IL-4+ Th2 T cells in all three groups. However, ABPA CF patients had increased frequency of Aspergillus-stimulated Th2 T cells. This indicated that there is skewing of Th2 T cells in ABPA CF patients. Thus, in CF ABPA patients there is increased Th2 T cells and increased sensitivity to IL-4.
Oat Grain/Groat Size Ratios: A Physical Basis for Test Weight (2006)

ABSTRACT Market value of oat grain is largely determined by test weight or bulk density, yet little is known of the physical basis for test weight in oats. We have hypothesized that a larger sized groat relative to the oat grain (the kernel with the hull) would generate higher test weight oats because the groat is the densest structure in the oat grain. We tested this by measuring oat grain size and oat groat size by digital image analysis for 10 genotypes grown in 10 environments. We also measured other physical characteristics of the oats grains and groats including mean grain and groat mass, test weight, and groat percentage. We found that the groat/ grain size ratio was highly correlated with test weight. Because the oat grain image area was nearly twice that of the groat, we suggest that there are significant amounts of empty space within the oat hull, which detracts from test weight. We also found that oat groat size distributions, like oat grains, fit bimodal distributions better than normal distributions.
Line-splitting in high-resolution superconducting tunnel junction EUV detectors (2001)

We have developed high-resolution Nb-Al-AlO/sub x/-Al-Nb tunnel junction extreme ultra-violet (EUV) detectors. In the energy range between 25 and 70 eV, we have measured an energy resolution of 2.2 eV full-width at half maximum (FWHM). The energy resolution degrades significantly in the energy range between /spl ap/80 and /spl ap/230 eV where the Nb absorber is partially transparent and some of the photons are absorbed in the Al trap layers. We have for the first time observed a distinctly different response for photons absorbed in the Nb and the Al layer of the same junction electrode. We have modeled this effect with Monte-Carlo simulations of the charge generation process in superconducting multilayers.
User-centric data migration in networked storage systems (2008)

This paper considers the problem of balancing locality and load in networked storage systems with multiple storage devices (or bricks). Data distribution affects locality and load balance across the devices in a networked storage system. This paper proposes a user-centric data migration scheme which tries to balance locality and load in such networked storage systems. The presented approach automatically and transparently manages migration of data blocks among disks as data access patterns and loads change over time. We implemented a prototype system, embodying our ideas, on PCs running Linux. This paper presents the design of user-centric migration and an evaluation of it through realistic experiments.
High capacity for tissue-type plasminogen activator release from vascular endothelium in vivo (1997)

The results show that the vascular endothelium is responsive to repeated stimulation both with MCH and with DDAVP. The diminished t-PA response to the second MCH infusion can not be explained in terms of depletion of intracellular pools, in view of the large amount of t-PA released by a single infusion of DDAVP. The dynamic pool of t-PA available for release is very large, but further studies are required in order to quantify the releasable endothelial stores.
Characterization and Functional Analysis of 4-Coumarate:CoA Ligase Genes in Mulberry (2016)

A small, multigene family encodes 4-coumarate:CoA ligases (4CLs) that catalyze the ligation of CoA to hydroxycinnamic acids, a branch point directing metabolites to flavonoid or monolignol pathways. In this study, we characterized four 4CL genes from M. notabilis Genome Database, and cloned four Ma4CL genes from M. atropurpurea cv. Jialing No.40. A tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that Ma4CL3 was expressed at higher levels than the other genes, and that Ma4CL3 was strongly expressed in root bark, stem bark, and old leaves. Additionally, the expression pattern of Ma4CL3 was similar to the trend of the total flavonoid content throughout fruit development. A phylogenetic analysis suggested that Mn4CL1, Mn4CL2, and Mn4CL4 belong to class I 4CLs, and Mn4CL3 belongs to class II 4CLs. Ma4CL genes responded differently to a series of stresses. Ma4CL3 expression was higher than that of the other Ma4CL genes following wounding, salicylic acid, and ultraviolet treatments. An in vitro enzyme assay indicated that 4-coumarate acid was the best substrate among cinnamic acid, 4-coumarate acid, and caffeate acid, but no catalytic activity to sinapate acid and ferulate acid. The results of subcellular localization experiments showed that Ma4CL3 localized to the cytomembrane, where it activated transcription. We used different vectors and strategies to fuse Ma4CL3 with stilbene synthase (STS) to construct four Ma4CL-MaSTS co-expression systems to generate resveratrol. The results indicated that only a transcriptional fusion vector, pET-Ma4CL3-T-MaSTS, which utilized a T7 promoter and lac operator for the expression of MaSTS, could synthesize resveratrol.
Effects of pudendal nerve injury in the female rat (2000)

To test a neurogenic hypothesis for external urethral sphincter (EUS) dysfunction associated with urinary incontinence, the proximal pudendal nerve was crushed in anesthetized retired breeder female rats (n = 5) and compared with a sham lesion group (n = 4). Outcome measures included concentric needle electromyograms (EMGs) from the target EUS, voiding patterns during a 2-hour dark period, and micturition data over a 24-hour period. Fast Blue (FB) was introduced to the crush site at the time of injury and Diamidino Yellow (DY) to the EUS at the time the rats were killed (3 months post-operative), when histological analysis of the nerve and urethra was also performed. EMG records indicated the EUS motor units undergo typical denervation changes followed by regeneration and recovery. Voiding patterns from the crush group show a significant increase of small urine marks in the front third of the cage. At 1-2 weeks post-op, the frequency of voids was significantly increased in the crush group compared to pre-op and late post-op time periods. The mean volume voided in the light phase at the early post-op time was significantly increased in the sham group. Light and electron microscopic patterns seen in nerve and muscle suggest the regenerating motor units maintain a structural integrity. Motoneurons in the lower lumbar cord were labeled with either DY (14. 5 +/- 6.8), FB (31.7 +/- 23.7), or both (35.0 +/- 17.5) tracers, indicating approximately 54% of the crushed pudendal neurons regenerated to the EUS. In conclusion, several measures suggest this reversible crush lesion induces mild urinary incontinence. This animal model is promising for further development of hypotheses regarding neural injury, the pathogenesis of incontinence, and strategies aimed at prevention and treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 19:53-69, 2000.
Studies on peptides. CXLIII Evaluation of .BETA.-menthylaspartate for peptide synthesis. (1986)

The β-l-menthyl ester of aspartic acid, Asp(OMen), was found to be stable to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in an ice-bath for 3h, but to be cleaved by HF or 1M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole in TFA in an ice-bath within 60 min. Asp(OMen) was employed for the synthesis of tetragastrin, for which the use of disphenylsulfide, as an additional scavenger, is recommended to accelerate the acidolytic cleavage of this protecting group. This protecting group is superior to other available protecting groups so far examined in terms of suppression of base-catalyzed succinimide formation.
Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR142 Agonists as Novel Insulin Secretagogues for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

GPR142 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is predominantly expressed in pancreatic β-cells. GPR142 agonists stimulate insulin secretion in the presence of high glucose concentration, so that they could be novel insulin secretagogues with reduced or no risk of hypoglycemia. We report here the optimization of HTS hit compound 1 toward a proof of concept compound 33, which showed potent glucose lowering effects during an oral glucose tolerance test in mice and monkeys.
Effect of hydroxycinnamates and benzoates on the production of feruloyl esterases by Aspergillus niger (1999)

The effect of hydroxycinnamic (ferulic, p-coumaric, sinapic and caffeic) and benzoic (benzoic, vanillic) acids on feruloyl esterase production by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger was assessed. A niger was grown on oat spelt xylan with and without the addition of hydroxycinnamic or benzoic acids. Only supplementation with ferulate or vanillate increased the production of feruloyl esterase, as measured by the hydrolysis of methyl ferulate in the culture supernatant. The other phenolic compounds reduced esterase levels over a 7 day period. In contrast, endo-β-1,4-xylanase levels were suppressed by the presence of ferulic, caffeic and sinapic acids and stimulated by p-coumaric, benzoic and vanillic acids. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of phosphorus sorbing materials to streamside cattle loafing areas (2006)

Excessive soil phosphorus (P) concentrations among cattle loafing areas located in close proximity to surface waters represent great potential for P transport. This study assessed the ability of several P sorbing materials in reducing P losses from streamside cattle loafing areas. Simulated rainfall was applied at seven (time 1) and 28 (time 2) days after P sorbing material applications to runoff plots on cattle loafing areas located at Amish farms. Treatments consisted of alum, water treatment residuals, fly-ash, gypsum, and no amendment (control). Alum addition reduced time 1 runoff P concentrations the most followed by water treatment residuals ~ gypsum, then fly-ash. However, runoff P losses from P sorbing materials were not significantly different from the control at time 2. These results suggest that P sorbing materials alone provide only a temporary solution to P losses from cattle loafing areas and should be used with other best management practices.
Location of Homologous DNA Sequences Interspersed at Five Regions in the Baculovirus AcMNPV Genome (1983)

An examination of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA revealed the presence of five interspersed regions, rich in EcoRI restriction sites, which shared homologous sequences. These homologous regions (hr), designated hr(1) to hr(5), occur at or near the following EcoRI fragment junctions: hr(1)EcoRI-B-EcoRI-I (0.0 map units); hr(2), EcoRI-A-EcoRI-J (19.8 map units); hr(3), EcoRI-C-EcoRI-G (52.9 map units); hr(4), EcoRI-Q-EcoRI-L (69.8 map units); and hr(5), EcoRI-S-EcoRI-X (88.0 map units). Four of these regions were identified, by cross-blot hybridization of HindIII-restricted A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA, to be within the HindIII-A/B, -F, -L, and -Q fragments. The location of these regions and the identification of a fifth homologous region were confirmed, and their characterization was facilitated, by using two plasmids with HindIII-L or -Q fragment insertions, which contained the homologous regions hr(2) and hr(5), respectively. The sizes of the homologous regions were about 800 base pairs for hr(2), 500 base pairs for hr(5), and less than 500 base pairs for hr(1), hr(3), and hr(4). A set of small EcoRI fragments (EcoRI minifragments) which ranged in size from 225 to 73 base pairs were detected in A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA and HindIII-L and -Q fragments by polyacrylamide gel analysis. Some of the minifragments in viral DNA were present in extramolar amounts and corresponded in size to some of the minifragments present in HindIII-L and -Q. Clones of some of the EcoRI minifragments were used as probes in hybridizations to digests of viral DNA and of HindIII-L and -Q. The hybridization data, obtained under various levels of stringency, suggested that there was a degree of mismatching between the sequences which were responsible for the homology.
The mechanisms of membrane deterioration and disassembly during senescence (1992)

Membrane deterioration is an integral feature of plant senescence and results from the catabolism of membrane lipids and proteins. The concerted action of lipolytic enzymes such as phospholipase D, phosphatidate phosphatase, lipolytic acyl hydrolase and lipoxygenase causes the decline in membrane lipid content. Neutral lipids formed during degradation of membrane phospholipids induce the physicochemical changes in membrane properties observed during senescence, that include the formation of gel phase, decrease in bulk lipid fluidity, and increase in transition temperature, leading to the loss of compartmentation