gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Matrices for Enhanced Osteoregeneration (2012)

The methodology for the repair of critical-sized or non-union bone lesions has unpredictable efficacy due in part to our incomplete knowledge of bone repair and the biocompatibility of bone substitutes. Although human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiate into osteoblasts, which promote bone growth, their ability to repair bone in vivo has been variable. We hypothesized that given the multistage process of osteogenesis, hMSC-mediated repair might be maximal at a specific time point of healing. Using a mouse model of calvarial healing, we demonstrate that the osteo-repair capacity of hMSCs can be substantially augmented by treatment with an inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, but efficacy is confined to the rapid osteogenic phase. Upon entry into the bone-remodeling phase, hMSC retention signals are lost, resulting in truncation of healing. To solve this limitation, we prepared a scaffold consisting of hMSC-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) containing the necessary biomolecules for extended site-specific hMSC retention. When inhibitor-treated hMSCs were coadministered with ECM, they remained at the injury, well into the remodeling phase of healing, which resulted in reproducible and complete repair of critical-sized bone defects in mice in 3 weeks. These data suggest that hMSC-derived ECM and inhibitor-treated hMSCs could be used at optimal times to substantially and reproducibly improve bone repair.
Storage of Hydrogen Spin Polarization in Long-Lived <sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub> Singlet Order and Implications for Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2013)

Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful technique enabling real-time monitoring of metabolites at concentration levels not accessible by standard MRI techniques. A considerable challenge this technique faces is the T1 decay of the hyperpolarization upon injection into the system under study. Here we show that A(n)A'(n)XX' spin systems such as (13)C2-1,2-diphenylacetylene ((13)C2-DPA) sustain long-lived polarization for both (13)C and (1)H spins with decay constants of almost 4.5 min at high magnetic fields of up to 16.44 T without spin-locking; the T1 of proton polarization is only 3.8 s. Therefore, storage of the proton polarization in a (13)C2-singlet state causes a 69-fold extension of the spin lifetime. Notably, this extension is demonstrated with proton-only pulse sequences, which can be readily implemented on standard clinical scanners.
A Potential Model for the Interaction of Enamel Fluoride and Plaque in the Development of Dental Caries (1977)

A model relating caries to surface enamel fluoride and plaque has been derived by exploratory data analyses. Since the model was obtained a posteriori, it is best viewed in qualitative terms as a hypothesis for future testing. The model prompts a re-evaluation of expectations relative to the effects of surface enamel apatitic fluoride, and a consideration that the effectiveness of a given measure of fluoride may vary as a function of inherent challenge. Thus, further studies are needed, aimed at quantifying the parameters of resistance and challenge, and characterizing the relationship between them.
Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA (2005)

The high identity between human and cynomolgus PSA sequences suggests that the cynomolgus monkey should be studied further for its potential as a large animal model to evaluate PSA-specific therapies.
Probe design optimization for a high‐resolution scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscope (2001)

In this paper, we show the criterion for the ideal scattering probe which satisfies the simple relation between radius and taper angle of the tip.
Achieving clean epitaxial graphene surfaces suitable for device applications by improved lithographic process (2014)

It is well-known that the performance of graphene electronic devices is often limited by extrinsic scattering related to resist residue from transfer, lithography, and other processes. Here, we report a polymer-assisted fabrication procedure that produces a clean graphene surface following device fabrication by a standard lithography process. The effectiveness of this improved lithography process is demonstrated by examining the temperature dependence of epitaxial graphene-metal contact resistance using the transfer length method for Ti/Au (10 nm/50 nm) metallization. The Landauer-Buttiker model was used to explain carrier transport at the graphene-metal interface as a function of temperature. At room temperature, a contact resistance of 140 Ω-μm was obtained after a thermal anneal at 523 K for 2 hr under vacuum, which is comparable to state-of-the-art values.
A multistage algorithm for spotting new words in speech (2002)

In this paper, we present a fast, vocabulary independent, algorithm for spotting words in speech. The algorithm consists of a phone-ngram representation (indexing) stage and a coarse-to-detailed search stage for spotting a word/phone sequence in speech. The phone-ngram representation stage provides a phoneme-level representation of the speech that can be searched efficiently. We present a novel method for phoneme-recognition using a vocabulary prefix tree to guide the creation of the phone-ngram index. The coarse search, consisting of phone-ngram matching, identifies regions of speech as putative word hits. The detailed acoustic match is then conducted only at the putative hits identified in the coarse match. This gives us vocabulary independence and the desired accuracy and speed in wordspotting. Current lattice-based phoneme-matching algorithms are similar to the coarse-match step of our algorithm. We show that our combined algorithm gives a factor of two improvement over the coarse match. The algorithm has wide-ranging use in distributed and pervasive speech recognition applications such as audio-indexing, spoken message retrieval and video-browsing.
Global registration for image-guided bronchoscopy (2012)

Image guided intervention systems have been found to be very effective in carrying out accurate and skill-independent bronchoscopies. A vital aspect of such systems that is essential for success during a live procedure is the registration of the bronchoscope in the multi-detector computed-tomography (MDCT) derived virtual space. This registration of the bronchoscope enables navigational path-planning to guide the physician to the diagnostic regions of interest (ROIs). When the ROI is reached, which is very often beyond the airway walls, the registration aids in localization for effective biopsy sampling. 
During a live bronchoscopy procedure, adverse events such as patient coughing lead to the bronchoscope moving to an unknown location. Such events disrupt bronchoscopy guidance. Manual intervention by an assisting technician often helps in recovering from such a disruption, but this results in extra procedure time and some potential uncertainty in the registered position. Furthermore, at some bifurcations, physicians are forced to carry out bronchoscope maneuvers spanning across several airway generations. Previously proposed local registration-based systems find it difficult to handle these maneuvers. To address these situations, we propose a global registration system for image-guided bronchoscopy. This system identifies the bronchoscope position without the need for significant bronchoscope maneuvers or technician intervention. The algorithm involves a fast local registration search over all the branches in a global airway-bifurcation search space, with the weighted normalized sum of squares distance metric used for finding the best match. The algorithm was tested using virtual cases, airway phantoms and also video frames from live patients. The algorithm was implemented in a parallel paradigm and takes less than 2 seconds to execute making it feasible for use in a clinical setting. Experiments also show that the performance of the algorithm can be improved by incorporating multiple frames. 
We also proposed a technician-free system-level solution for image-guided bronchoscopy with two main features. The first feature is a system-level guidance strategy that incorporates a global-registration algorithm to provide the physician with updated navigational and guidance information during bronchoscopy. The system can handle general navigation to a region of interest (ROI), as well as adverse events, and it requires minimal commands so that it can be directly controlled by the physician. The second feature visualizes the global picture of all the bifurcations and their relative orientations in advance and suggests the maneuvers needed by the bronchoscope to approach the ROI. The guidance system was tested during live bronchoscopy for nine patients and was able to guide the physician to the ROIs with a success rate of more than 97%. We also validated the system using airway phantoms and found it to be effective in guidance to ROIs at peripheral lung regions up to airway generation 12.
Spontaneous Hydrogen Generation from Organic-Capped Al Nanoparticles and Water (2010)

The development of technologies that would lead toward the adoption of a hydrogen economy requires readily available, safe, and environmentally friendly access to hydrogen. This can be achieved using the aluminum-water reaction; however, the protective nature and stability of aluminum oxide is a clear detriment to its application. Here, we demonstrate the spontaneous generation of hydrogen gas from ordinary room-temperature tap water when combined with aluminum-oleic acid core-shell nanoparticles obtained via sonochemistry. The reaction is found to be near-complete (>95% yield hydrogen) with a tunable rate from 6.4x10(-4) to 0.01 g of H2/s/g of Al and to yield an environmentally benign byproduct. The potential of these nanoparticles as a source of hydrogen gas for power generation is demonstrated using a simple fuel cell with an applied load.
Intracytoplasmic stable expression of IgG1 antibody targeting NS3 helicase inhibits replication of highly efficient hepatitis C Virus 2a clone (2010)

Recombinant human anti-HCV NS3 antibody clone inhibits replication of HCV 2a virus and infectious virus production. Intracellular expression of this recombinant antibody offers a potential antiviral strategy to inhibit intracellular HCV replication and production.
A lab-on-chip ultrasonic platform for real-time and nondestructive assessment of extracellular matrix stiffness (2020)

On-chip ultrasonic platform enables noninvasive assessment of ECM stiffness in 3D cell cultures, by monitoring ultrasonic wave attenuation through targeted material.
A Protective and Safe Intranasal RSV Vaccine Based on a Recombinant Prefusion-Like Form of the F Protein Bound to Bacterium-Like Particles (2013)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly. Currently, no licensed vaccine against RSV is available. Here we describe the development of a safe and effective intranasal subunit vaccine that is based on recombinant fusion (F) protein bound to the surface of immunostimulatory bacterium-like particles (BLPs) derived from the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis. Different variants of F were analyzed with respect to their conformation and reactivity with neutralizing antibodies, assuming that F proteins mimicking the metastable prefusion form of RSV F expose a more extensive and relevant epitope repertoire than F proteins corresponding to the postfusion structure. Our results indicate that the recombinant soluble ectodomain of RSV F readily adopts a postfusion conformation, generation of which cannot be prevented by C-terminal addition of a trimerization motif, but whose formation is prevented by mutation of the two furin cleavage sites in F. While the putative postfusion form of F is recognized well by the monoclonal antibody Palivizumab, this is much less so for the more potently neutralizing, prefusion-specific antibodies D25 and AM22. Both addition of the trimerization motif and mutation of the furin cleavage sites increased the reactivity of F with D25 and AM22, with the highest reactivity being observed for F proteins in which both these features were combined. Intranasal vaccination of mice or cotton rats with BLPs loaded with this latter prefusion-like F protein (BLP-F), resulted in the potent induction of F-specific immunoglobulins and in significantly decreased virus titers in the lungs upon RSV challenge. Moreover, and in contrast to animals vaccinated with formalin-inactivated RSV, animals that received BLP-F exhibited high levels of F-specific secretory IgA in the nose and RSV-neutralizing antibodies in sera, but did not show symptoms of enhanced disease after challenge with RSV.
Joint Inference for Bilingual Semantic Role Labeling (2010)

We show that jointly performing semantic role labeling (SRL) on bitext can improve SRL results on both sides. In our approach, we use monolingual SRL systems to produce argument candidates for predicates in bitext at first. Then, we simultaneously generate SRL results for two sides of bitext using our joint inference model. Our model prefers the bilingual SRL result that is not only reasonable on each side of bitext, but also has more consistent argument structures between two sides. To evaluate the consistency between two argument structures, we also formulate a log-linear model to compute the probability of aligning two arguments. We have experimented with our model on Chinese-English parallel Prop-Bank data. Using our joint inference model, F1 scores of SRL results on Chinese and English text achieve 79.53 % and 77.87 % respectively, which are 1.52 and 1.74 points higher than the results of baseline monolingual SRL combination systems respectively. 1
Investigation of the direct injection high efficiency nebulizer for axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (2003)

A direct injection high efficiency nebulizer (DIHEN) is explored for introduction of the sample aerosol into the central channel of the axially and radially viewed inductively coupled plasma (ICP) of a commercial ICP atomic emission spectrometer (ICPAES). The DIHEN is a micro-nebulizer that requires very low solution uptake rates (1–100 µL min−1) and nebulizer gas flow rates (<0.2 L min−1) compared to conventional nebulizer-spray chamber arrangements (∼1.0 mL min−1 and ∼1.0 L min−1, respectively). Signal-to-background ratios (SBRs), detection limits, and precision of the DIHEN are comparable or superior to those of the conventional sample introduction system, but the Mg II 280.270/Mg I 285.213 nm ratios are lower with the DIHEN, indicating that the DIHEN is more susceptible to matrix effects than the conventional nebulization system, for both the axial and radial ICPAES systems. Matrix effects are further investigated by comparing intensity ratios with and without 0.1% and 0.5% Na for several spectral lines having energy sum ranging from 7.93 to 14.79 eV. Replacement of Ar with Ar–O2 and Ar–N2 mixtures in the outer gas flow of the plasma improves SBRs and Mg II 280.270/Mg I 285.213 nm ratios of the DIHEN, and reduces matrix effects. By reducing solution uptake rate from 60 to 30 µL min−1, matrix effect is also reduced. Operation of the radial instrument at 1700 W reduces matrix effect compared to the effect noted for the axial instrument at 1500 W. Finally, the utility of the technique in practical ICPAES studies is demonstrated using a custom made organo-metallic standard for As, Hg, and Pb in xylene.
81 GHz gain-bandwidth product silicon hetero-interface photodetector (2002)

Summary form only given. We have fabricated and tested avalanche photodetectors operating in the wavelength range between 1.O and 1.65 /spl mu/m that use separate InGaAs absorption and Si multiplication regions bonded through wafer fusion. Directly integrating InGaAs and Si layers in an avalanche photodetector combines the infrared absorption capabilities of InGaAs and the avalanche multiplication properties of Si. The large ratio of electron and hole ionization coefficients of Si should result in a much lower noise and ten times higher gain-bandwidth products for these detectors than for comparable avalanche photodetectors (APDs) using III-V semiconductors in multiplication regions. Silicon Hetero-Interface Photo (SHIP) detectors were recently reported and the device reported here has a much improved design resulting in ten times higher gain. The first dynamic measurements are also reported here, with a high gain-bandwidth product of 81 GHz.
Design of a broadband three-way sequential Doherty power amplifier for modern wireless communications (2014)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a broadband 3-way sequential-based Doherty power amplifier (DPA). This design approach can also be extended for a broadband N-way DPA architecture. A 12 - 23.5 W 3-way DPA has been designed, implemented and characterised to verify the proposed technique. The measured drain efficiency of 55 - 69 % over 500 MHz at 12 - 14 dB output power backoff (OBO) and 60 - 75 % over 600 MHz at saturation is achieved. Single-tone measurement at 2.1 GHz exhibits a drain efficiency of 63 %, 62.5 % and 75 % at 13.6 dB, 6 dB and 0 dB OBO, respectively. Also at this frequency, linearised measurement with a 10 MHz-LTE signal having a crest factor of 8.2 dB shows an average drain efficiency of 59 % and adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) better than -45.5/ - 45.7 dBc at an average output power of 34.5 dBm. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first broadband 3-way sequential Doherty power amplifier with such high performance reported so far.
The Visual Computing of Projector-Camera Systems (2007)

This state-of-the-art report focuses on real-time image correction techniques that enable projector-camera systems to display images onto screens that are not optimized for projections, such as geometrically complex, colored and textured surfaces. It reviews hardware accelerated methods like pixel-precise geometric warping, radiometric compensation, multi-focal projection, and the correction of general light modulation effects. Online and offline calibration as well as invisible coding methods are explained. Novel attempts in super-resolution, high dynamic range and high-speed projection are discussed. These techniques open a variety of new applications for projection displays. Some of them will also be presented in this report.
Prevention of Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Like Lymphoproliferative Disease in Rats by Adoptively Transferred T Cells from a Donor Immunized with Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax-Coding DNA Vaccine (2000)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in infected individuals after a long incubation period. To dissect the mechanisms of the development of the disease, we have previously established a rat model of ATL-like disease which allows examination of the growth and spread of HTLV-1 infected tumor cells, as well assessment of the effects of immune T cells on the development of the disease. In the present study, we induced HTLV-1 Tax-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity by vaccination with Tax-coding DNA and examined the effects of the DNA vaccine in our rat ATL-like disease model. Our results demonstrated that DNA vaccine with Tax effectively induced Tax-specific CTL activity in F344/N Jcl-rnu/+ (nu/+) rats and that these CTLs were able to lyse HTLV-1 infected syngeneic T cells in vitro. Adoptive transfer of these immune T cells effectively inhibited the in vivo growth of HTLV-1-transformed tumor in F344/N Jcl-rnu/rnu (nu/nu) rats inoculated with a rat HTLV-1 infected T cell line. Vaccination with mutant Tax DNA lacking transforming ability also induced efficient anti-tumor immunity in this model. Our results indicated a promising effect for DNA vaccine with HTLV-1 Tax against HTLV-1 tumor development in vivo.
ACT (2004)

Modern society is highly dependent on the smooth and safe flow of information over communication and computer networks. Computer viruses and worms pose serious threats to the society by disrupting the normal information flow and collecting or destroying information without authorization. Compared to the effectiveness and ease of spreading worms and viruses, currently adopted defense schemes are slow to react and costly to implement.
Quantum cascade semiconductor amplifiers for high power single mode emission at λ = 7.5 μm (2003)

Summary from only given. We present a mid-IR semiconductor optical amplifier based on a quantum cascade (QC) active region, which has been used to attain high output powers from distributed-feedback (DFB) QC lasers without affecting their single mode behavior. The device was realized as schematically shown in a master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) configuration.
2P2-C11 Realization of High Precision Control of Floating Mobile Objects by Thrust Transfer Gate System (2006)

In this paper, we propose Thrust Transfer Gate System (TTGS) as a new control system of floating mobile objects in free space, such as, in the atmosphere, in outer space, and underwater. To control floating mobile objects, the system needs position and velocity data. But position data of floating mobile object's sensors are low precision. And floating mobile objects receive hydrodynamic disturbance like wind or wave, and it cannot observe those disturbances. Those problems make control of floating mobile objects difficult. TTGS use acceleration information to control. And TTGS can sense those disturbances by Thrust transfer gate. TTGS can control floating mobile object high precision. To test the control ability of TTGS, we compared TTGS and PID-control by numerical simulation. We can confirm that the ability of TTGS is higher than the ability of PID-control.
Wiring like mother nature [antenna design] (1999)

Today, most antenna designs are simulated numerically rather than analyzed theoretically. A computer program approximates the structure and calculates its properties. Even though very complex designs can be simulated, structures are usually kept simple to allow for easy understanding and analysis. Symmetry is often present. Nearly all the designs "make sense" when one looks at them or their circuit schematics. This is not necessarily the case for antennas designed using a genetic algorithm (GA). We illustrate this automated design technique on two types of wire antennas. The first is a Yagi-type antenna that is optimized to have different electromagnetic characteristics from a conventional Yagi. The second is radically different from a typical antenna: a seemingly arbitrary structure of seven wires connected in a series and confined to a specified volume; the actual shape is completely determined by the GA.