gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specificity of the T cell immune response to acetylcholine receptor in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Response to subunits and synthetic peptides. (1988)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG), are T cell-dependent diseases mediated by antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) on skeletal muscle. Most of the antibodies are directed toward conformation-dependent epitopes on the AChR, whereas T cells recognize denatured AChR. In search of T cell epitopes in EAMG, we tested 24 synthetic peptides covering 62% of the alpha-subunit sequence of Torpedo californica electric organ AChR in the T cell proliferation assay with lymph node cells from rats immunized with AChR. In Lewis rats, 2 of these peptides, [Tyr 100]alpha 100-116 and [Gly 89, Tyr 90]alpha 73-90, strongly stimulated T cells and, of these, [Tyr 100]alpha 100-116 was much more potent; 4 other peptides were weakly mitogenic and 18 were ineffective. None of the 24 synthetic peptides alone stimulated anti-AChR production and, when added to cultures along with AChR, [Tyr 100]alpha 100-116 and [Gly 89, Tyr 90]alpha 73-90 suppressed antibody production. Of twelve cloned T cell lines specific to AChR, 4 responded to [Tyr 100]alpha 100-116, indicating the importance of the epitope in alpha 101-116 in Lewis rats. In three other strains of rats whose responses to AChR and its subunits were similar to those in the Lewis rat, neither [Tyr 100]alpha 100-116 nor [Gly 89, Tyr 90]alpha 73-90 was stimulatory. Instead, completely different sets of peptides stimulated their T cells. When peptides were used as immunogens, each strain (except Lewis rats) responded only to the peptides that stimulated AChR-immune T cells from the same strain. Genetically restricted T cell recognition of AChR peptides in rats suggests that T cells from MG patients with different major histocompatibility haplotypes may recognize different AChR peptides.
Art (2010)

The relation of philosophy and art, according to Alain Badiou – himself a great stylist and successful playwright – is at once obvious and somewhat twisted. For one thing, they do not communicate directly, but through the relation both entertain with a third term, which they do not reach in the same way: truth. If philosophy does not produce truths of its own, it certainly has something to say about truth: it reaches it through eternity, by formalizing the production of universal patterns of thought. Art, on the contrary, produces truths of its own, but it does so through oblique means, by dealing with sensible images, objects, bodies, or the material dimension of language, the finiteness of which seems to stand in contradiction with the infinite nature of truth.
Inhibitory Effect of Natural Furanocoumarins on Human Microsomal Cytochrome P450 3A Activity (2000)

To investigate the possible drug interaction with herbal medicine, furanocoumarin derivatives isolated from several Umbelliferous crude drugs were examined for their inhibitory effects on a typical human drug metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). Most furanocoumarins tested at 0.1 mM reduced microsomal testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation as an index of CYP3A activity to less than 50% of the control. In particular, the dimer and trimer derivatives of furanocoumarins showed striking inhibition, whose potencies were similar to that of a typical CYP3A inhibitor, ketoconazole. Preincubation of dimer types of furanocoumarins increased suppression but not most of the monomer derivatives, suggesting that the inhibition on CYP3A activity was caused by at least plural mechanisms. These results raised the possibility that the furanocoumarin containing herbal medicines may alter pharmacokinetics of co-ingested drugs similar to the case with grapefruit juice.
MicroRNAs, macrocontrol: Regulation of miRNA processing (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small, non-protein-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Maturation of miRNAs comprises several regulated steps resulting in approximately 22-nucleotide single-stranded mature miRNAs. Regulation of miRNA expression can occur both at the transcriptional level and at the post-transcriptional level during miRNA processing. Recent studies have elucidated specific aspects of the well-regulated nature of miRNA processing involving various regulatory proteins, editing of miRNA transcripts, and cellular location. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA genes can also affect the processing efficiency of primary miRNA transcripts. In this review we present an overview of the currently known regulatory pathways of miRNA processing and provide a basis to understand how aberrant miRNA processing may arise and may be involved in pathophysiological conditions such as cancer.
Adding Once-Daily Lixisenatide for Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Newly Initiated and Continuously Titrated Basal Insulin Glargine (2013)

Adding lixisenatide to insulin glargine improved overall and postprandial hyperglycemia and deserves consideration as an alternative to prandial insulin for patients not reaching HbA1c goals with recently initiated basal insulin.
Mutagenesis Of The Beta 2-Adrenergic Receptor: How Structure Elucidates Function (1992)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence Properties of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers with “Y”‐Shaped Ligands (2014)

Abstract Three Zn II and Cd II complexes with Y‐shaped dicarboxylate ligands, namely [Zn(L 1 )(2,2′‐bpy) 2 (H 2 O)] · 2H 2 O ( 1 ), [Zn(L 1 )(bpp)(H 2 O)] ( 2 ), and [Cd(L 1 )(H 2 O)] · H 2 O ( 3 ) [H 2 L 1 = N‐phenyliminodiacetic acid, 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 1 shows an hydrogen‐bonded 2D network, whereas compound 2 is an infinite 1D wavy chain structure, though O–H ··· O hydrogen‐bonded to form a 2D network. Compound 3 displays a 2D uninodal 3‐connected Shubnikov plane net with the point symbol of (4.8 2 ). Moreover, the solid‐state such as thermal stabilities and fluorescence properties of 1 – 3 were also investigated.
Tensor MUSIC in multidimensional sparse arrays (2015)

Tensor-based MUSIC algorithms have been successfully applied to parameter estimation in array processing. In this paper, we apply these for sparse arrays, such as nested arrays and coprime arrays, which are known to boost the degrees of freedom to O(N2) given O(N) sensors. We consider two tensor decomposition methods: CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) and high-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) to derive novel tensor MUSIC spectra for sparse arrays. It will be demonstrated that the tensor MUSIC spectrum via HOSVD suffers from cross-term issues while the tensor MUSIC spectrum via CP identifies sources unambiguously, even in high- dimensional tensors.
Inhibition of bovine fertilization <i>in vitro</i> by antibodies to SP-10 (1996)

The inhibiting effect on fertilization of antibodies to the intra-acrosomal protein SP-10 was studied in a bovine in vitro fertilization model. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that antibodies to human SP-10 localized to the acrosomal region of methanol-fixed, but not live, bovine spermatozoa, confirming the intra-acrosomal localization of bovine SP-10. The presence of the SP-10 protein in bovine spermatozoa was further established by immunoblotting of extracts of bovine spermatozoa with monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies to human SP-10. The antibodies identified a pattern of immunoreactive peptides similar to human, baboon, monkey and pig SP-10. Fertilization experiments in vitro demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies, as well as polyclonal antibodies, to human SP-10 significantly reduced fertilization rates of bovine oocytes by bovine spermatozoa. SP-10 antibodies exerted their anti-fertilization effect by reducing sperm-zona secondary binding. Consistent with the accessibility of the SP-10 antigen following capacitation, SP-10 antibodies also reduced the ability of capacitated spermatozoa to complete the acrosome reaction. Furthermore, SP-10 antibodies affected the motility of capacitated spermatozoa, while not affecting the motility of noncapacitated spermatozoa.
Gray-scale ferroelectric liquid crystal devices (1990)

Ferroelectric liquid-crystal gray-scale effects are reviewed. The experimental behavior of a charge-controlled surfacestabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal pixel of area 1 mm2 is reported. Obliquely evaporated silicon-oxide alignment is compared with rubbed-nylon alignment. The experimental behavior of a deformable helix ferroelectric liquid crystal cell is reported.
Influence of Microfluidization of Milk on Cheddar Cheese Composition, Color, Texture, and Yield (1994)

The microfluidization of milk used to manufacture Cheddar cheese was investigated with the ultimate objective of whitening the cheese. Four vats of cheese were prepared simultaneously from 2 kg of the following milks: untreated milk (control), milk microfluidized at 7 MPa, and milk reconstituted to its original composition made from cream microfluidized at 14 or 69 MPa. Whey was analyzed for fat and protein losses (fines), and cheese was analyzed for composition, color, and texture. Microfluidized milk produced cheese that was significantly whiter but higher in moisture; means were 35.0% for the control and 37.6, 38.4, and 39.3% for cheeses made from milks microfluidized at 7, 14, and 69 MPa, respectively. Protein and fat in the DM, respectively, decreased and increased with microfluidization pressure. In the whey of control cheese, fat loss was higher, and fewer fines were collected, than for treated cheese. Firmness for cheese made from microfluidized milk at 7 MPa was not significantly different from the control; however, microfluidization of cream at 14 or 69 MPa significantly and progressively decreased firmness. The significant increase of yield for cheeses made from treated milk was explained by a better retention of fat into the cheeses and increased cheese moisture. Microfluidization also whitened Cheddar cheese, but its effects on texture and composition were less important for milk microfluidized at 7 MPa than for cream
Distinct hippocampal-cortical memory representations for experiences associated with movement versus immobility (2017)

While ongoing experience proceeds continuously, memories of past experience are often recalled as episodes with defined beginnings and ends. The neural mechanisms that lead to the formation of discrete episodes from the stream of neural activity patterns representing ongoing experience are unknown. To investigate these mechanisms, we recorded neural activity in the rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, structures critical for memory processes. We show that during spatial navigation, hippocampal CA1 place cells maintain a continuous spatial representation across different states of motion (movement and immobility). In contrast, during sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), when representations of experience are transiently reactivated from memory, movement- and immobility-associated activity patterns are most often reactivated separately. Concurrently, distinct hippocampal reactivations of movement- or immobility-associated representations are accompanied by distinct modulation patterns in prefrontal cortex. These findings demonstrate a continuous representation of ongoing experience can be separated into independently reactivated memory representations.
Trajectories of Vasomotor Symptoms and Carotid Intima Media Thickness in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (2015)

This is the first study to test trajectories of VMS in relation to subclinical CVD. Women with VMS early in the menopause transition had higher mean IMT and maximal IMT than those with consistently low VMS across the transition. Associations were not accounted for by demographic factors nor by CVD risk factors. Results can signal to women in need of early CVD risk reduction.
A New Class of Hyper-bent Boolean Functions with Multiple Trace Terms. (2011)

Introduced by Rothaus in 1976 as interesting combinatorial objects, bent functions are maximally nonlinear Boolean functions with even numbers of variables whose Hamming distance to the set of all affine functions equals 2 n−1 ± 2 n 2 −1. Not only bent functions are applied in cryptography, such as applications in components of S-box, block cipher and stream cipher, but also they have relations to coding theory. Hence a lot of research have been paid on them. Youssef and Gong introduced a new class of bent functions the so-called hyper-bent functions which have stronger properties and rarer elements. It seems that hyper-bent functions are more difficult to generate. Moreover, (hyper)-bent functions are not classified. Charpin and Gong studied a class of hyper-bent functions f defined on F2n by f = ∑ Tr n 1 (arx r(2m−1)), n = 2m and ar ∈ F2n, where R is a r∈R subset of a set of representatives of the cyclotomic cosets modulo 2 m +1 for which each coset has the full size n. Further, Mesnager contributed to the knowledge of a class of hyper-bent functions fb defined over F2n by fb = ∑ Tr n 1 (arx r(2m−1) 2
Removing hidden nodes in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks (2006)

Abstract-- This paper investigates the hidden-node phenomenon (HN) that arises in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. HN can cause many performance problems, including throughput degradation, unfair throughput distribution among flows, and throughput instability. Previous investigations mostly focus on methods to alleviate these performance problems rather than direct elimination of HN. Such an approach may solve one but not all of these problems. This paper is a first attempt to identify the fundamental conditions leading to HN. In particular, we show that HN arises fundamentally as a result of the 802.11 protocol constraints. Based on the insight obtained from the analysis, we devise a Hidden-node-Free Design (HFD) that completely removes HN. Readers who are only interested in the results, but not the derivations, may skip Section 3. 1
Mathematical model that describes the transition from thermal to photochemical damage in retinal pigment epithelial cell culture (2011)

We propose a rate process model for describing photochemical damage to retinal cells by short wavelength laser exposures. The rate equation for photochemical damage contains a positive rate that is temperature independent, and a negative (quenching) rate that is temperature dependent. Using the traditional Arrhenius integral to describe thermal damage, we derive damage threshold doses for both thermal and photochemical mechanisms, and show that the model accounts for the sharp transition from thermal to photochemical damage thresholds that have recently been observed in an in-vitro retinal model.
Effectiveness of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Survival Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (1995)

The association between bystander CPR and survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest appears to be confounded by CPR quality. Effective CPR is independently associated with a quantitatively and statistically significant improvement in survival.
Phase II study of irinotecan in prior chemotherapy-treated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. (1997)

CPT-11 has significant activity in refractory cervical carcinoma. Gastrointestinal intolerance and hematologic toxicity must be monitored carefully. Further studies of alternative schedules may improve the tolerance and response rate.
Metabolism and Excretion of Exogenous Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Humans (1973)

To study the metabolism of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in vivo, 400 mug TRH was administered intravenously to eight normal male subjects. Multiple plasma and urine samples were obtained before and after TRH administration. Serum TSH concentrations increased after TRH administration in all subjects. Plasma TRH levels, measured by radioimmunoassay, were undetectable (< 0.4 ng/ml) before TRH administration. Plasma TRH concentrations averaged 33+/-7 ng/ml (mean +/-SEM) 2 min after TRH injection. Thereafter, they decreased rapidly so that the mean plasma TRH level was 2.9 ng/ml 20 min after TRH administration. The fall in plasma TRH levels was linear during this interval. Thereafter TRH levels declined more slowly. The mean half-life (t(1/2)) of TRH was 5.3+/-0.5 min. The mean distribution volume was 15.7+/-3.8 liters, an average of 16.5% of body weight in these subjects. In the urine, 5.5+/-0.9% of the administered TRH was recovered in the 3 h after TRH administration. Of the total urinary TRH recovered, 84.9% was excreted in the first 30 min. These results indicate that TRH is distributed in a large volume, that it is rapidly metabolized and that a significant quantity of administered TRH is excreted in the urine.
Concurrency + modularity + programmability = MARS (1991)

Modern, and particularly upcoming, technology makes it possible to design concurrent computers with a wide variety of architectures. The spectrum of applications requiring high-performance computer systems is also constantly growing. One might expect these two factors to cause a significant portion of the computer market to turn away from the traditional general-purpose mainframes in favor of the more diversified specialized proprietary machines. However, economic factors, production problems and maintenance and portability of software steer computer architects toward further unification and standardization of the design principles and components, and toward minimizing the number of proprietary computers.
Iron-Functionalized Membranes for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Reactions (2009)

Membrane-based separation processes have been used extensively for drinking water purification, wastewater treatment, and numerous other applications. More recent developments in membrane functionalization have made the use of membrane science important in diverse fields, from tunable separations to catalysis. The focus of this work is to create a common membrane platform for the incorporation of technologies capable of degrading target pollutants. Functionalized membranes capable of metal capture were created using water-based and solvent-based acrylic acid polymerization to synthesize poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) within poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane pores. The COO(-) groups of PAA were used to capture Fe(II), which was then either reduced and doped with Pd to form Fe/Pd nanoparticles or used as-is for free radical generation with hydrogen peroxide. Fe/Pd nanoparticles were synthesized within the pores of a PAA/PVDF membrane functionalized via aqueous (green) chemistry and used to dechlorinate trichloroethylene (TCE) and 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (DiCB). A PAA/PVDF membrane containing immobilized Fe(III) was used to obtain controlled free radical generation and target organic (pentachlorophenol) degradation within the membrane pore under convective flow conditions.
Proteolytic Activities of Mycoplasma Salivarium (1988)

Proteolytic activity was demonstrated in ATCC 23064 and oral isolates (more than 100 strains) of My coplasma salivarium and was suggested to be due to aminopeptidase, some other metalloproteinases, and serine proteinases. An aminopeptidase and a carboxypeptidase were purified from cell membranes of the organism and characterized. In amino acid specificities, the aminopeptidase was different from aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase, and the carboxypeptidase from carboxypeptidases B and N. These enzymes are considered to play a role in providing the organism with arginine as a main energy source, eventually facilitating the production of ammonia, and in protecting the organism and the other co-existing pathogens from defense mechanisms of the host by inactivating kallidin, bradykinin, tuftsin, and anaphylatoxins such as C3a and C5a.
Deep Sub-Micron SRAM Design for Ultra-Low Leakage Standby Operation (2007)

Suppressing the standby current in memories is critical in low-power design. By lowering the supply voltage (VDD) to its standby limit, the data retention voltage (DRV), SRAM leakage power can be reduced substantially. The DRV theoretical limit is derived to be 52mV for a 90nm technology at room temperature. The DRV increases with transistor mismatches. Based on sub-threshold circuit analysis, a practical DRV model is developed and verified with measurement data from several test chips in 130nm and 90nm technologies. By reducing the standby VDD of a 32K-bit 130nm industrial IP SRAM module to around 490 mV (390 mV worst-case DRV + 100 mV guard band), an 85% leakage power saving is measured, compared to the typical standby power at 1V. Since the DRV is a strong function of both process and design parameters, the SRAM cell can be optimized to reduce DRV. It is shown that the body bias and device channel length are the most effective knobs in minimizing DRV. This is confirmed with measurement data from a 90nm SRAM test chip. Building on these results, feasibility of a 270mV standby VDD is demonstrated for an optimized 4K-bit SRAM in a 90nm technology, leading to a 97% leakage power reduction. By dynamically configuring the body bias during read and write operations, the active operation noise margins and data access speed are also improved according to simulation results. Correcting the retention errors with error correction code (ECC) provides another opportunity to further reduce the SRAM standby VDD. To establish a power-per-bit metric, the SRAM leakage power is modeled as a function of the ECC parameters, DRV distribution and the standby VDD. This power metric is optimized based on ECC theory to obtain fundamental bounds of the power saving enabled by error-tolerant design. Taking into account the practical design requirements, an error-tolerant SRAM design with a (31, 26, 3) Hamming code is proposed introducing a further power reduction of 33%. Both the circuit optimization and the error-tolerant architecture are implemented in a 90nm 26K-bit ultra-low leakage SRAM chip. Measurement result proves that the memory data can be reliably retained at a 255mV standby VDD, with a 50X leakage power reduction. While the optimization also improves active SRAM operation, the only tradeoff is a 50% larger area caused by the larger channel length and ECC overhead. In summary, this work is the first analytical investigation into the voltage limit of SRAM standby operation. The theoretical and practical DRV models provide insights to the future low-voltage SRAM designs. Besides the analytical study, we also develop two novel design solutions that aggressively reduce SRAM leakage. The error-tolerant SRAM standby scheme is the first time the ECC is used for memory power minimization
Berechnung von Isotopieeffekten in thermisch gemittelten Reaktionswahrscheinlichkeiten für Elektronentransferreaktionen in nichtpolaren Medien. II (1982)

Article Berechnung von Isotopieeffekten in thermisch gemittelten Reaktionswahrscheinlichkeiten für Elektronentransferreaktionen in nichtpolaren Medien. II was published on January 1, 1982 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 263O, issue 1).