gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quadrature spatial modulation–performance analysis and impact of imperfect channel knowledge (2014)

Abstract In this paper, a new multiple‐input multiple‐output transmission technique called quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) is proposed and analyzed in the presence of imperfect channel estimation at the receiver. In QSM, conventional spatial constellation diagram of spatial modulation (SM) system is expanded to include both in‐phase and quadrature components. As such, significant enhancement in the overall spectral efficiency is achieved while retaining all inherent advantages of SM technique, such as inter‐channel interference avoidance, single radio frequency chain transmitter and low receiver complexity. It is shown that significant performance enhancements can be achieved as compared with SM, Alamouti, and spatial multiplexing systems. Besides, the impact of Gaussian imperfect channel estimation on the performance of QSM system is studied. A closed‐form expression for the pairwise error probability of generic QSM system is derived and used to calculate a tight upper bound of the average bit error probability over Rayleigh fading channels with perfect and imperfect channel knowledge. Also, simple asymptotic expression is derived and analyzed. Obtained Monte Carlo simulation results highlight the accuracy of the conducted analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low-repetition-rate Integrated Electro-optic Frequency Comb Sources (2020)

We demonstrate a low-repetition-rate lithium niobate based electro-optic (EO) frequency comb operating with 3.481 GHz line spacing, by integrating a cavity-based EO comb source with traveling-wave phase-modulators on the same chip.
Blind estimation of timing errors in interleaved AD converters (2002)

Parallel A/D converter structures is one way to increase the sampling rate. Instead of increasing the sample rate in one A/D converter, several A/D converters with lower sampling rate can be used instead. A problem in these structures is that the time between samples is usually not equal because there are errors in the delays between the A/D converters. We present a method to estimate the timing offset errors. The estimation algorithm works without any special calibration signal, instead the normal input signal is used. The only assumption that we need on the input signal is that most of the energy is concentrated to a low pass band, below about 1/3 of the Nyquist frequency. Simulations of the time-interleaved A/D converter show that the method estimates the errors with high accuracy.
Implantable fluorescence-based glucose sensor development (2005)

An implantable sensor is being created that allows measurement of blood glucose through fluorescent detection of an embedded chemical assay. The sensor is based on the competitive binding reaction between the protein Concanavalin A and various saccharide molecules, specifically a glycodendrimer and glucose. Previous studies have shown the ability of an embedded chemical assay using Con A and dextran with shorter wavelength dyes to both sense changes in glucose and generate sufficient fluorescent emission to pass through the dermal tissue. However, due to the chemical constituents of the assay, multivalent binding was evident resulting in poor spectral change due to glucose within the biological range. Use of a glycodendrimer and longer wavelength dyes has improved the sensor’s spectral change due to glucose and the overall signal to noise ratio of the sensor. In this work, a description of this sensor and the results obtained from it will be presented showing a large dynamic range of fluorescence with glucose.
An Energetic Medium for Electrochemical Storage Utilizing the High Aqueous Solubility of Potassium Polysulfide (1987)

The aqueous solubility of potassium polysulfide is measured to be 8.5m (64% , 36% by weight) at 25°C, and 11.4m (70% by weight) at 50°C. This novel, energetic medium, containing more total sulfur than water, are investigated as high energy density half‐cells for secondary electrochemical storage systems, according to
Individualized Hear-through For Acoustic Transparency Using PCA-Based Sound Pressure Estimation At The Eardrum (2021)

The hear-through functionality on hearing devices, which allows hearing equivalent to the open-ear while providing the possibility to modify the sound pressure at the eardrum in a desired manner, has drawn great attention from researchers in recent years. To this end, the output of the device is processed by means of an equalization filter, such that the transfer function between external sound sources and the eardrum is equivalent for the open-ear and the aided condition with the device in the ear. To achieve an ideal performance, the equalization filter design assumes the exact knowledge of all the relevant acoustic transfer functions. A particular challenge is the transfer function between the hearing device receiver and the eardrum, which is difficult to obtain in practice as it requires additional probe-tube measurements. In this work, we address this issue by proposing an individualized hear-through equalization filter design that leverages the measurement of the so-called secondary path to predict the sound pressure at the eardrum. Experimental results using real-ear measured transfer functions confirm that the proposed method achieves a good sound quality compared to the open-ear while outperforming filter designs that do not leverage the proposed estimator.
Breed relationships facilitate fine-mapping studies: A 7.8-kb deletion cosegregates with Collie eye anomaly across multiple dog breeds (2007)

The features of modern dog breeds that increase the ease of mapping common diseases, such as reduced heterogeneity and extensive linkage disequilibrium, may also increase the difficulty associated with fine mapping and identifying causative mutations. One way to address this problem is by combining data from multiple breeds segregating the same trait after initial linkage has been determined. The multibreed approach increases the number of potentially informative recombination events and reduces the size of the critical haplotype by taking advantage of shortened linkage disequilibrium distances found across breeds. In order to identify breeds that likely share a trait inherited from the same ancestral source, we have used cluster analysis to divide 132 breeds of dog into five primary breed groups. We then use the multibreed approach to fine-map Collie eye anomaly (cea), a complex disorder of ocular development that was initially mapped to a 3.9-cM region on canine chromosome 37. Combined genotypes from affected individuals from four breeds of a single breed group significantly narrowed the candidate gene region to a 103-kb interval spanning only four genes. Sequence analysis revealed that all affected dogs share a homozygous deletion of 7.8 kb in the NHEJ1 gene. This intronic deletion spans a highly conserved binding domain to which several developmentally important proteins bind. This work both establishes that the primary cea mutation arose as a single disease allele in a common ancestor of herding breeds as well as highlights the value of comparative population analysis for refining regions of linkage.
Optical Layer Traffic Grooming in Flexible Optical WDM (FWDM) Networks (2011)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel optical layer grooming technique for OFDM-based flexible grid WDM networks, and we propose an effective algorithm to optimize the spectrum utilization through such a grooming technique.
A circuit to synchronize high speed serial communication channel (2014)

Channel bonding is a mechanism deployed to synchronize serial communication channels of higher data rate and bandwidth applications. Application that demands higher bandwidth, for example 400G Ethernet, it is not possible to achieve such massive rate using single high speed serial IO channel and aggregating multiple communication-links as a single communication channel makes such ultra-high speed realizable. One challenge that is faced in aggregating communication links is elimination of serial data skew introduced by non-identical trace length of the serial links. Various techniques exist to de-skew lanes in the receive side of the high speed serial transceiver. This paper presents a novel approach to channel bonding that optimizes area, power, initialization time and yields better performance. The idea discussed here is based on a delay based model and explores the possibility of performing channel bonding in a centralized way rather than a distributed way.
Micromachined multiple output port needle (2003)

Hollow metallic micromachined multiple output port needles are designed and fabricated. The hollow metallic needles include design features such as tapered needle tips and multiple output ports on the back and front of each needle. The significance of this work includes the development of hollow, metallic micromachined needles for biomedical applications, as well as, a discussion of structural, fluidic, and biological design considerations.
Mid-Infrared Photothermal Imaging of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients at Submicrometer Spatial Resolution (2017)

Chemical imaging with sufficient spatial resolution to resolve microparticles in tablets is essential to ensure high quality and efficacy in controlled release. The existing modalities have the following disadvantages: they are time-consuming or have poor spatial resolution or low chemical specificity. Here, we demonstrate an epi-detected mid-infrared photothermal (epi-MIP) microscope at a spatial resolution of 0.65 μm. Providing identical spectral profiles as conventional infrared spectroscopy, our epi-MIP microscope enabled mapping of both active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients of a drug tablet.
Ru-based Z-selective metathesis catalysts with modified cyclometalated carbene ligands (2014)

A series of cyclometalated <i>Z</i>-selective ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts with alterations to the <i>N</i>-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand were prepared. X-Ray crystal structures of several new catalysts were obtained, elucidating the structural features of this class of cyclometalated complexes. The metathesis activity of each stable complex was evaluated, and one catalyst, bearing geminal dimethyl backbone substitution, was found to be comparable to our best <i>Z</i>-selective metathesis catalyst to date.
Efficient detection of polyps in CT colonography (2007)

Colon cancer is a widespread disease and, according to the American Cancer Society, it is estimated that in 2006 more than 55,000 people will die of colon cancer in the US. However, early detection of colorectal polyps helps to drastically reduces mortality. Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) of colorectal polyps is a tool that could help physicians finding such lesions in CT scans of the colon. In this paper, we present the first phase, candidate generation (CG), of our technique for the detection of colonic polyp candidate locations in CT colonoscopy. Since polyps typically appear as protrusions on the surface of the colon, our cutting-plane algorithm identifies all those areas that can be "cut-off" using a plane. The key observation is that for any protruding lesion there is at least one plane that cuts a fragment off. Furthermore, the intersection between the plane and the polyp will typically be small and circular. On the other hand, a plane cannot cut a small circular cross-section from a wall or a fold, due to their concave or elongated paraboloid morphology, because these structures yield cross-sections that are much larger or non-circular. The algorithm has been incorporated as part of a prototype CAD system. An analysis on a test set of more than 400 patients yielded a high per-patient sensitivity of 95% and 90% in clean and tagged preparation respectively for polyps ranging from 6mm to 20mm in size.
A molecular method for the delivery of small molecules and proteins across the cell wall of algae using molecular transporters (2012)

Interest in algae has significantly accelerated with the increasing recognition of their potentially unique role in medical, materials, energy, bioremediation, and synthetic biological research. However, the introduction of tools to study, control, or expand the inner-workings of algae has lagged behind. Here we describe a general molecular method based on guanidinium-rich molecular transporters (GR-MoTrs) for bringing small and large cargos into algal cells. Significantly, this method is shown to work in wild-type algae that have an intact cell wall. Developed using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this method is also successful with less studied algae including Neochloris oleoabundans and Scenedesmus dimorphus thus providing a new and versatile tool for algal research.
An inverse design of an open, head/neck RF coil for MRI (2002)

Radio-frequency (RF) coils are a necessary component of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. When used in transmit operation, they act to generate a homogeneous RF magnetic field within a volume of interest and when in receive operation, they act to receive the nuclear magnetic resonance signal from the RF-excited specimen. This paper outlines a procedure for the design of open RF coils using the time-harmonic inverse method. This method entails the calculation of an ideal current density on a multipaned planar surface that would generate a specified magnetic field within the volume of interest. Because of the averaging effect of the regularization technique in the matrix solution, the specified magnetic field is shaped within an iterative procedure until the generated magnetic field matches the desired magnetic field. The stream-function technique is used to ascertain conductor positions and a method of moments package is then used to finalize the design. An open head/neck coil was designed to operate in a clinical 2T MRI system and the presented results prove the efficacy of this design methodology.
Engineering of baculovirus vectors for the manufacture of virion‐free biopharmaceuticals (2010)

A novel baculovirus-based protein expression strategy was developed to produce recombinant proteins in insect cells without contaminating baculovirus virions. This novel strategy greatly simplifies the downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals produced in insect cells. The formation of these virions is prevented by deletion of a baculovirus gene essential for virion formation. The deletion is trans-complemented in a transgenic insect cell line in which the baculovirus seed stock is produced. The Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus vp80 gene was selected for this purpose, as absence of VP80 prevented the formation of budded virus as well as occlusion-derived virus, while foreign gene expression was not affected. Sf9 insect cells were engineered to functionally complement the vp80 deletion in the expression vector virus during seed stock production. The trans-complemented vp80-deletion baculovirus seed produced an amount of recombinant protein similar to that produced with conventional baculovirus vectors but without contaminating virions. This novel expression method obviates the need to purify the virions away from the biopharmaceuticals.
High-fidelity replication of thermoplastic microneedles with open microfluidic channels (2017)

Development of microneedles for unskilled and painless collection of blood or drug delivery addresses the quality of healthcare through early intervention at point-of-care. Microneedles with submicron to millimeter features have been fabricated from materials such as metals, silicon, and polymers by subtractive machining or etching. However, to date, large-scale manufacture of hollow microneedles has been limited by the cost and complexity of microfabrication techniques. This paper reports a novel manufacturing method that may overcome the complexity of hollow microneedle fabrication. Prototype microneedles with open microfluidic channels are fabricated by laser stereolithography. Thermoplastic replicas are manufactured from these templates by soft-embossing with high fidelity at submicron resolution. The manufacturing advantages are (a) direct printing from computer-aided design (CAD) drawing without the constraints imposed by subtractive machining or etching processes, (b) high-fidelity replication of prototype geometries with multiple reuses of elastomeric molds, (c) shorter manufacturing time compared to three-dimensional stereolithography, and (d) integration of microneedles with open-channel microfluidics. Future work will address development of open-channel microfluidics for drug delivery, fluid sampling and analysis.
CMUTs in Permanent Contact Operation for High Output Pressure (2015)

We present the operation of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) in permanent contact mode as an efficient transducer. The gap height of our transducers is chosen to be slightly smaller than the static deflection of the plate due to the pressure difference between the ambient and the vacuum cavity. Thus, the plates are in contact with the bottom of the cavities even with no dc bias applied. The devices were fabricated based on the thick box process. High-temperature assisted direct wafer bonding technique was used to fabricate devices with such large cell size (radii ∼ 2000 μm) featuring low frequencies ∼100–150 kHz. Extensive acoustic characterization was performed to demonstrate the behavior of such CMUTs in terms of displacement profile, output pressure and acoustic pitch-catch response. A maximum sound pressure of ∼145 dB (SPL) at the transducer surface is measured at 240 V dc and 10 V ac with 100 cycles of burst signal. This is a great improvement from conventional CMUTs (with deeper gap height, operating at 55 kHz), which requires 350 V dc and 200 V ac in order to achieve an output pressure of 129 dB (SPL) at the transducer surface. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that operating CMUTs in permanent contact mode indeed enhances the device output pressure, and provides a good candidate for efficient ultrasonic transducers.
Development of a proof-of-concept microfluidic portable pathogen analysis system for water quality monitoring (2021)

Waterborne diseases cause millions of deaths worldwide, especially in developing communities. The monitoring and rapid detection of microbial pathogens in water is critical for public health protection. This study reports the development of a proof-of-concept portable pathogen analysis system (PPAS) that can detect bacteria in water with the potential application in a point-of-sample collection setting. A centrifugal microfluidic platform is adopted to integrate bacterial cell lysis in water samples, nucleic acid extraction, and reagent mixing with a droplet digital loop mediated isothermal amplification assay for bacteria quantification onto a single centrifugal disc (CD). Coupled with a portable "CD Driver" capable of automating the assay steps, the CD functions as a single step bacterial detection "lab" without the need to transfer samples from vial-to-vial as in a traditional laboratory. The prototype system can detect Enterococcus faecalis, a common fecal indicator bacterium, in water samples with a single touch of a start button within 1 h and having total hands-on-time being less than 5 min. An add-on bacterial concentration cup prefilled with absorbent polymer beads was designed to integrate with the pathogen CD to improve the downstream quantification sensitivity. All reagents and amplified products are contained within the single-use disc, reducing the opportunity of cross contamination of other samples by the amplification products. This proof-of-concept PPAS lays the foundation for field testing devices in areas needing more accessible water quality monitoring tools and are at higher risk for being exposed to contaminated waters.
Humoral immune responses to multiple antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tuberculosis patients co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. (1999)

A panel of ten protein antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was used to evaluate serum antibody responses to tuberculosis in patients co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in HIV-infected control individuals without tuberculosis. Most (70%) of the tuberculosis patients had serum reactivity to at least one antigen and maintained the diverse antibody repertoire previously observed in HIV-negative tuberculosis patients.
Resource Optimization in Automatic web page classification using integrated feature selection and machine learning. (2009)

Increasing with the number of users, the need for automatic classification techniques with good classification accuracy increases as search engines depend on previously classified web pages stored in classified directories to retrieve the relevant results. Preprocessing is the important step in web page classification problem as most of the web pages contain more irrelevant information than relevant details useful for finding its category. For the classification purpose the representative words in the web page called as features are used for classification rather than the entire web page to reduce time and space requirements. The selection of relevant features which reduces the high dimensionality and redundancy is the current research topic. In this paper selecting relevant features from the pages is treated as an optimization problem and we propose an algorithm to find the optimal features for web page classification. Machine learning techniques for automatic classification gains more interest as the classifier improves its performance with experience. In this paper we use Naive Bayes, Kstar, Random Forest and Bagging machine learning classifiers.
Feline Insular Amyloid: Immunohistochemical and Immunochemical Evidence that the Amyloid is Insulin-related (1985)

Utilizing islet amyloid-laden pancreatic tissues from six diabetic cats, we demonstrated substantial immunoreactivity (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique) of the islet amyloid with antiserum to a B chain-rich insulin fraction, but no reactivity with antisera to insulin, glucagon, or somatostatin. Islet amyloid was purified from two cats and a protein unique to the diabetic and islet amyloid-laden cats was separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunoreactivity of this protein with antiserum to the B chain-rich insulin fraction was also shown by immunoblotting. Attempts to obtain the amino acid composition of the purified unique protein (represented by a single 25,000 dalton band on gel electrophoresis) were not successful because the amount of protein was too small. These results provide important additional evidence that an insulin-related protein is involved in the formation of islet amyloid. Our study also shows that the diabetic cat provides several advantages for the continued study of the etiopathogenic relationship of islet amyloid and diabetes mellitus.
Optical concepts for dual band infrared continuous zoom lenses (2010)

Dual band focal plane arrays enable the simultaneous imaging of the MWIR and LWIR onto the same detector. Each spectral band is read out independently providing a separable MWIR and LWIR image. The development of this technology has necessitated the further development of dual band optics. Although reflective solutions simplify the need for color correction, multiple field of view reflective optics do not package nearly as well as refractive or catadioptric solutions. Dual band optical systems require that both bands focus at the same image plane at the same time. The challenge lies with the very broad spectral band of 3.5 - 11.0 microns, the different partial dispersions between the MWIR and LWIR, and the need to minimize the number of lenses to maximize transmission. This paper looks at the development of refractive and catadioptric concepts for designing continuous zoom lenses for dual band detectors.