gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RETINAL VESSEL ANALYZER (RVA) - DESIGN AND FUNCTION (2002)

The Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA) is a measuring device for online measurement of the diameter of retinal vessels in relation to time and locations along the vessel. It is furthermore provided with several tools for analyzing the measured data. The fundamental components consist of a fundus camera with CCD measuring camera attached and an advanced image-processing unit. The measurement range is from 90 microns, temporal resolution is 40 ms and measurement resolution is less than 1 micron. Systematic error of non-linearity is S < or = 1.6%, reproducibility is given by variation coefficient: short term vcs = 1.5%, long term vcl = 2.8%.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis of Polyketide Synthase Extender Units (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Low?Power Architectures for Spike Sorting (2005)

Front-end integrated circuits for spike sorting will be useful in neuronal recording systems that engage a large number of electrodes. Detecting, sorting and encoding spike data at the front-end will reduce the data bandwidth and enable wireless communication. Without such data reduction, large data volumes need to be transferred to a host computer and typically heavy cables are required which constrain the patient or test animal. Front-end processing circuits must dissipate only a limited amount of power, due to supply constraints and heat restrictions. Two reduced complexity spike sorting algorithms are introduced, one based on integral transform and another on segmented PCA. The former achieves 98% of the precision of a PCA sorter, while requiring only 2.5% of the computational complexity. The latter algorithm is somewhat more accurate but incurs a higher complexity
An Intelligent Model Predictive Control Strategy for Stable Solar-Wind Renewable Power Dispatch Coupled with Hydrogen Electrolyzer and Battery Energy Storage (2023)

Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power are widely used; however, their intermittent nature impairs power supply quality by creating frequency distortions and irregularities in voltage. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are utilized to flatten out and relieve fluctuation issues. To prevent the need for larger storage systems and to prolong their operational life through controlled charging and discharging, a method of control for BESS charging level regulation is necessary. This study presents a solar-wind power and battery state of charge (SoC) control technique using a hydrogen electrolyzer (HE) fuel cell unit. An Intelligent Model Predictive Controller (IMPC) has been developed that utilizes a neural network (NN) plant model for predictive minimization instead of using a mathematical plant model for dynamic management of the HE output, which allows for flattened PV-wind power supply with regulated BESS charging and discharging. The IMPC accepts as inputs the intermittent renewable power and different battery attributes and intelligently manages the HE production while staying within the imposed restrictions. The NN, as opposed to a mathematical plant model, captures the dynamics of the plant with exceptionally high accuracy. Moreover, the NN plant model performance increases as the data gathered from the actual system increases. The neural network model resolves concerns with the MPC model’s mathematical intricacy that occurs as the plant becomes more complicated. According to simulation results, the IMPC greatly reduces PV-wind power fluctuations, for solar power, the IMPC reduces the peak battery SoC by 26.7% and compared to FLC, the peak SoC is reduced by 11.2%. Similarly, for wind power, the peak SoC is reduced by 7.3% and is decreased 3.2% more than the FLC. To demonstrate the power smoothing effectiveness of the IMPC, the peak solar power ramp rate is reduced by 30.3% and the peak wind power ramp rate is reduced by 91.3%. The presented method encourages green hydrogen usage in the electrical sector for supplying firmed solar and wind power.
Analysis and correction of biases in cross‐relaxation MRI due to biexponential longitudinal relaxation (2013)

The accuracy of the CRI method can be considerably improved by taking into account the contribution of MT-induced biexponential longitudinal relaxation into variable flip angle R1 measurements.
Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieves: Preparation, Characterization, and Applications (1993)

A thermally stable 3 x 3 octahedral molecular sieve corresponding to natural todorokite (OMS-1) has been synthesized by autoclaving layer-structure manganese oxides, which are prepared by reactions of MnO(4)(-) and Mn(2+) under markedly alkaline conditions. The nature and thermal stability of products depend strongly on preparation parameters, such as the MnO(4)(-)/Mn(2+) ratio, pH, aging, and autoclave conditions. The purest and the most thermally stable todorokite is obtained at a ratio of 0.30 to 0.40. Autoclave treatments at about 150 degrees to 180 degrees C for more than 2 days yield OMS-1, which is as thermally stable (500 degrees C) as natural todorokite minerals. Adsorption data give a tunnel size of 6.9 angstroms and an increase of cyclohexane or carbon tetrachloride uptake with dehydration temperature up to 500 degrees C. At 600 degrees C, the tunnel structure collapses. Both Lewis and Brönsted acid sites have been observed in OMS-1. Particular applications of these materials include adsorption, electrochemical sensors, and oxidation catalysis.
Improving the coherence properties of solid-state spin ensembles via optimized dynamical decoupling (2016)

In this work, we optimize a dynamical decoupling (DD) protocol to improve the spin coherence properties of a dense ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Using liquid nitrogen-based cooling and DD microwave pulses, we increase the transverse coherence time T<sub>2</sub> from ∼ 0.7 ms up to ∼ 30 ms. We extend previous work of single-axis (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) DD towards the preservation of arbitrary spin states. After performing a detailed analysis of pulse and detuning errors, we compare the performance of various DD protocols. We identify that the concatenated XY8 pulse sequences serves as the optimal control scheme for preserving an arbitrary spin state. Finally, we use the concatenated sequences to demonstrate an immediate improvement of the AC magnetic sensitivity up to a factor of two at 250 kHz. For future work, similar protocols may be used to increase coherence times up to NV-NV interaction time scales, a major step toward the creation of quantum collective NV spin states.
Highly sensitive third-order optical autocorrelator for operation at the telecommunication wavelengths (2003)

We report on amorphous organic thin films that exhibit efficient third-harmonic generation at the telecommunication wavelengths. With these films we demonstrate a low cost and sensitive third-order autocorrelator that can be used in the time-frequency domain.
Density- and structure-independent calibration method for microwave moisture determination in granular materials (2003)

The moisture content of granular materials can be determined indirectly and nondestructively from measurements of their dielectric properties at a given frequency and a given temperature. Several sensors have been developed based on this principle and successfully used in different industries including pharmaceutical, construction, and food and agricultural products processing. However, the effects of both the bulk density and structure are troublesome and cause significant errors if they are not taken into account or eliminated by defining appropriate calibration functions. It is possible to determine bulk density by an additional device, such as a /spl gamma/-detector, and compensate for its effect in the reading output of the meter. The structure, i.e., size and geometry in this instance, has a more subtle effect and although it is known to affect the scattering and absorption properties of the material, it is not possible to quantify this effect by measurement or theoretical means, and hence it cannot be compensated for in the final meter output. The only method applied to this time requires individual calibration for each particular material and instrument. In this paper, a new method is presented for moisture determination in granular material independent of bulk density and structure. This unified calibration method is based on the combination of two concepts, i.e., density independence and structure independence, embodied in a function fully defined in terms of the dielectric properties.
Identification of High-CO<sub>2</sub>-Capacity Cationic Zeolites by Accurate Computational Screening (2016)

Solid porous materials such as cationic zeolites have shown great potential in energy-efficient separation processes. Conventional adsorbent design involves ad-hoc and inefficient experimental evaluation of a large structural and compositional space. We developed a computational methodology to screen cationic zeolites for CO2 separation processes with quantitative accuracy, and identified a number of novel high-performing materials. This study enabled us to develop an intuitive design workflow for selecting optimal materials and dramatically accelerate the development of industrially relevant separation processes.
Restoration of Iodide Uptake in Dedifferentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Relationship to Human Na+/I− Symporter Gene Methylation Status1 (1999)

Disseminated dedifferentiated thyroid epithelial carcinoma, which cannot sufficiently concentrate therapeutic radioiodide, is a terminal disease without any effective systemic treatment or chemotherapy. This is a likely consequence of loss of human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS) function. We hypothesized that hNIS transcriptional failure in thyroid carcinoma could be consequent to methylation of DNA in critical regulatory regions and could be reversed with chemical demethylation treatment. Analysis of hNIS messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in 23 tumor samples revealed that although loss of this expression corresponded to loss of clinical radioiodide uptake, some thyroid carcinomas with hNIS mRNA expression did not concentrate iodide, suggesting additional posttranscriptional mechanisms for loss of hNIS function. In addition, analysis of DNA methylation in CpG-rich regions of the hNIS promoter extending to the first intron failed to define specific methylation patterns associated with transcriptional failure in human thyroid tumor samples. In seven human thyroid carcinoma cell lines lacking hNIS mRNA, treatment with 5-azacytidine or sodium butyrate was able to restore hNIS mRNA expression in four cell lines and iodide transport in two cell lines. Investigation of methylation patterns in these cell lines revealed that successful restoration of hNIS transcription was associated with demethylation of hNIS DNA in the untranslated region within the first exon. This was also associated with restoration of expression of thyroid transcription factor-1. These results suggest a role for DNA methylation in loss of hNIS expression in thyroid carcinomas as well as a potential application for chemical demethylation therapy in restoring responsiveness to therapeutic radioiodide.
Self-calibrated subaperture stitching test of hyper-hemispheres using latitude and longitude coordinates (2012)

Limited by the f-number of the transmission sphere, it is impossible to test the whole surface of a hyper-hemisphere using a standard interferometer directly. This paper presents an extension of the subaperture stitching test method to hyper hemispheres. The stitching algorithm is based on the coordinate mapping from local measurement frame to a global frame, and overlapping correspondence is calculated by virtue of coordinates of latitude and longitude. The reference surface error is represented by Zernike polynomials and self-calibrated during the stitching to achieve higher accuracy. Then the stitched surface error distribution is presented by map projection. To realize accessibility to the whole surface of a hyper-hemisphere, we also propose a design for the subaperture test platform, according to the subaperture lattice design. Finally, a hemisphere and a full sphere are tested and figured, respectively, to validate the method and the experimental setup.
Optical to electrical energy conversion. Characterization of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide based photoelectrochemical cells (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical to electrical energy conversion. Characterization of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide based photoelectrochemical cellsArthur B. Ellis, Steven W. Kaiser, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 22, 6855–6866Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00438a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00438a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views881Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser‐Printed Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2017)

Abstract Solution deposition of organic optoelectronic materials enables fast roll‐to‐roll manufacturing of photonic and electronic devices on any type of substrate and at low cost. But controlling the film microstructure when it crystallizes from solution can be challenging. This represents a major limitation of this technology, since the microstructure, in turn, governs the charge transport properties of the material. Further, the solvents typically used are hazardous, which precludes their incorporation in large‐scale manufacturing processes. Here, the first ever organic thin‐film transistor fabricated with an electrophotographic laser printing process using a standard office laser printer is reported. This completely solvent‐free additive manufacturing method allows for simultaneous deposition, purification, and patterning of the organic semiconductor layer. Laser‐printed transistors using triisopropylsilylethynyl pentacene as the semiconductor layer are realized on flexible substrates and characterized, making this a successful first demonstration of the potential of laser printing of organic semiconductors.
Electronic nature of the transition state for nucleoside hydrolase. A blueprint for inhibitor design (1993)

A new approach to understanding transition-state structure is presented which involves the sequential application of experimental and computational methods. A family of experimentally determined kinetic isotope effects is fit simultaneously in a vibrational analysis to provide a geometric model of the transition state. The electrostatic potential surface of the geometric model is defined by molecular orbital calculations to detail the electronic nature of the transition state. The method provides both geometric and charge information for the enzyme-stabilized transition state. Electrostatic potential surface calculations were applied to the N-glycohydrolase reaction catalyzed by nucleoside hydrolase from the trypanosome Crithidia fasciculata. A geometric model of the transition-state structure for the enzymatic hydrolysis of inosine by nucleoside hydrolase has been established by the analysis of a family of kinetic isotope effects [Horenstein, B.A., Parkin, D.W., Estupinan, B., & Schramm, V.L. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 10788]. The transition state has substantial oxycarbonium ion character, but the results of electrostatic potential calculations indicate that the transition-state charge is distributed over the ribosyl ring rather than existing as a localized C+-O<==>C = O+ resonance pair. The electrostatic potential surfaces of the substrate and enzyme-bound products differ considerably from that of the transition state. At the transition state both hypoxanthine and ribose demonstrate regions of positive charge. The positive charge on the ribosyl oxycarbonium ion is moderated by association with an enzyme-directed water nucleophile. The enzyme-bound products contain adjacent areas of negative charge. The electrostatic potential surfaces provide novel insights into transition-state structure and the forces causing release of products.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Image Texture Characterization Using the Discrete Orthonormal S-Transform (2008)

We present a new efficient approach for characterizing image texture based on a recently published discrete, orthonormal space-frequency transform known as the DOST. We develop a frequency-domain implementation of the DOST in two dimensions for the case of dyadic frequency sampling. Then, we describe a rapid and efficient approach to obtain local spatial frequency information for an image and show that this information can be used to characterize the horizontal and vertical frequency patterns in synthetic images. Finally, we demonstrate that DOST components can be combined to obtain a rotationally invariant set of texture features that can accurately classify a series of texture patterns. The DOST provides the computational efficiency and multi-scale information of wavelet transforms, while providing texture features in terms of Fourier frequencies. It outperforms leading wavelet-based texture analysis methods.
A Non-Interleaved 12-b 330-MS/s Pipelined-SAR ADC With PVT-Stabilized Dynamic Amplifier Achieving Sub-1-dB SNDR Variation (2017)

A process, voltage, and temperature (PVT)-stabilized dynamic amplification technique is reported for the pipelined-successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A non-interleaved 12-b 330-MS/s pipelined-SAR ADC prototype employing such technique achieves 0.5- and 0.8-dB signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) variations for supply voltage varying from 1.25 to 1.35 V and temperature varying from -5 °C to 85 °C, respectively. The corresponding residue gain variations are 1.5% and 1.2% under the same conditions, respectively. Moreover, 2-b/cycle SAR architecture together with the attenuated passive residue transfer technique is employed to boost the prototype conversion throughput significantly. Noise analyses of the attenuated passive residue transfer process and of the PVT stabilization circuit are also furnished. At 330 MS/s, the 65-nm CMOS prototype achieves an SNDR of 63.5 dB and a Walden FoM of 15.4 fJ/conversion step for a near-Nyquist input.
Adaptive CSI Prediction in Linear Multi-User MIMO Systems (2009)

In this paper, we discuss channel adaptation techniques in linear multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MUMIMO) systems with imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) caused by limited feedback bandwidth and feedback channel delay. We assume that such systems will operate in environments, where channel characteristics constantly change due to the movement of mobile terminals. We consider an approach where the impact of delayed CSI is partially mitigated by channel prediction performed at the base station side. In this paper, we use a dictionary based predictor that operates on phrases consisting of indices of quantized channel state information. To address variations in channel characteristics, we propose an algorithm that adapts the prediction dictionary to the current channel state. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms in broadcast MU-MIMO systems with and without CSI prediction operating on a channel with changing Doppler rates. The simulation results show that significant sum-rate gains are achievable for a practical range of feedback delays. The additional advantage of our proposed adaptive prediction algorithms is that they can be used with any type of CSI quantization implementations and contribute very little extra complexity to the base station.
P1–226: Early detection of Alzheimer's disease by analysis of brain‐enriched miRNA biomarkers in plasma (2013)

Development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders begins long before their clinical manifestation. Detailed stratified analyses of recent Phase III clinical trials of anti-AD therapies revealed promising results for the treatment of AD patients with earlier, mild stages of the disease, highlighting a high need for a screening test capable of detecting AD at early, preferably asymptomatic, stage. Recently we have demonstrated that Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a heterogeneous condition characteristic of early stages of many neurodegenerative diseases, can be detected with high accuracy by analysis of brain, synapse, and neurite enriched miRNA biomarker pairs in patients' plasma (Sheinerman et al., Aging, 2012; 4:590–605). The identified miRNA biomarker pairs successfully detected MCI in the majority of patients included in the study at asymptomatic stage 1–5 years prior to clinical diagnosis. In the follow-on studies we aim to identify effective miRNA biomarkers for differentiation of AD from other neurodegenerative diseases and monitoring of MCI to dementia progression. The approach is based on: (i) analysis of circulating miRNA, which are enriched in particular brain areas affected in various pathologies, e.g. hippocampus in AD, midbrain in Parkinson's disease, frontal lobe in frontotemporal dementia; and (ii) analysis of changes in levels of circulating miRNA caused by processes underlying AD progression, such as destruction of synapses and neurites in earlier stages of the disease, neuronal death and spreading of pathology to previously unaffected brain areas and glial cells in later stages of the disease, and inflammation. Several miRNA pairs that appear highly promising for monitoring the transition from MCI to AD dementia have been identified. We will present the most recent data and discuss the implications of our findings for the development of screening and companion diagnostic tests. Analysis of brain-enriched miRNA circulating in plasma represents a new promising approach for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and its differentiation from other neurodegenerative pathologies.