gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lost Circulation: A Solution Based on the Problem (1987)

ABSTRACT Lost circulation requiring positive treatment can best be solved by using materials similar in structure to the formation involved. Use of a vitrified, mineral-based granular material is best suited to this purpose because of its wide range of applicability and the unique features which this type of processing produces.
Deterministic Routing between Layout Abstractions for Multi-Scale Classification of Visually Rich Documents (2019)

Classifying heterogeneous visually rich documents is a challenging task. Difficulty of this task increases even more if the maximum allowed inference turnaround time is constrained by a threshold. The increased overhead in inference cost, compared to the limited gain in classification capabilities make current multi-scale approaches infeasible in such scenarios. There are two major contributions of this work. First, we propose a spatial pyramid model to extract highly discriminative multi-scale feature descriptors from a visually rich document by leveraging the inherent hierarchy of its layout. Second, we propose a deterministic routing scheme for accelerating end-to-end inference by utilizing the spatial pyramid model. A depth-wise separable multi-column convolutional network is developed to enable our method. We evaluated the proposed approach on four publicly available, benchmark datasets of visually rich documents. Results suggest that our proposed approach demonstrates robust performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods in both classification accuracy and total inference turnaround.
Electronic Contracts (2008)

As service-oriented computing increases, so does the role of e-contracts in helping business partners automate contractual agreements and relationships. The key challenge is to translate traditional contracts into executable e-contracts in a way that facilitates runtime monitoring and management. As research in this area progresses, organizations will have different approaches for modeling, implementing, and managing e-contracts. For now, developers must contend with several key research issues and challenges.
Reliability of Buried Pipeline Using a Theory of Probability of Failure (2006)

The reliability estimation of buried pipeline with corrosion defects is presented. The reliability of corroded pipeline has been estimated by using a theory of probability of failure. And the reliability has been analyzed in accordance with a target safety level. The probability of failure is calculated using the FORM (first order reliability method). The changes in probability of failure corresponding to three corrosion models and eight failure pressure models are systematically investigated in detail. It is highly suggested that the plant designer should select appropriate operating conditions and design parameters and analyze the reliability of buried pipeline with corrosion defects according to the probability of failure and a required target safety level. The normalized margin is defined and estimated accordingly. Furthermore, the normalized margin is used to predict the failure probability using the fitting lines between failure probability and normalized margin.
IgCaller for reconstructing immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and oncogenic translocations from whole-genome sequencing in lymphoid neoplasms (2020)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements and oncogenic translocations are routinely assessed during the characterization of B cell neoplasms and stratification of patients with distinct clinical and biological features, with the assessment done using Sanger sequencing, targeted next-generation sequencing, or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Currently, a complete Ig characterization cannot be extracted from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data due to the inherent complexity of the Ig loci. Here, we introduce IgCaller, an algorithm designed to fully characterize Ig gene rearrangements and oncogenic translocations from short-read WGS data. Using a cohort of 404 patients comprising different subtypes of B cell neoplasms, we demonstrate that IgCaller identifies both heavy and light chain rearrangements to provide additional information on their functionality, somatic mutational status, class switch recombination, and oncogenic Ig translocations. Our data thus support IgCaller to be a reliable alternative to Sanger sequencing and FISH for studying the genetic properties of the Ig loci.
La formación inicial de las profesoras y profesores de Educación Infantil : respondiendo a sus necesidades (1999)

La realidad profesional del profesorado en la etapa de Educacion
Infantil ha variado de forma significativa tras la implantacion de la ultima
Reforma Educativa (LOGSE). En aras de reconducir la formacion y
orientarla a sus necesidades profesionales, se plantea un estudio para
conocer las necesidades, problemas y retos profesionales de las maestras
y maestros de Educacion Infantil. Para ello, se llevan a cabo entrevistas
semiestructuradas a profesorado en ejercicio y con la informacion
recogida se realiza un analisis de contenido. Se pretende aportar
ideas para poder dar una respuesta real, practica, funcional y coherente
con las necesidades sentidas por este profesorado en el desempeno de
su profesion, tanto desde la formacion permanente como desde los programas
de Formacion Inicial.
Lunar Agglutinitic Glass Simulants with Nanophase Iron (2005)

Introduction: The adhering, abrasive, and pervasive nature of lunar dust presents many problems for ISRU and dust mitigation on the Moon [1]. Lunar soil contains a significant amount of agglutinitic glass (up to 50 wt%, [1, 2]) containing nanophase (np) Fe (npFe, Fig. 1a), which is formed by micrometeorite impact-induced melting, vaporization, and deposition [35]. The presence of np-Fe generates the observed magnetic susceptibility of lunar soil [1, 2, 5]. Recently, a startling and new discovery by Taylor and Meek [6, 7] revealed that a portion of lunar soil placed in a normal 2.45 GHz microwave oven will melt at >1200 C before your tea will boil at 100 C, caused by np-Fe. The magnetic properties of lunar soil are also important for dust mitigation on the Moon [e.g., 1]. Due to lack of availability of lunar soil, material simulating these lunar soil properties is required for testing different mitigation methods using electromagnetic fields. In addition, simulant with np-Fe in metastable glass is also necessary for toxilogocal studies.
The Meaning of 'Human Nature' in Jaen - Jacques Rousseau and its Implications to Moral Education (2004)

이 연구의 목적은 루소의 사회사상에서 자연(또는 본성) 개념의 의미를 분석함으로써 그의 교육이론을 재검토하는 데에 있다. 「에밀」에서 루소가 그리는 理想的인 인간상은 단순한 미개인이 아닌 '사회 속의 자연인'임에도 불구하고, 그는 아동을 사회의 도덕적 질서로부터 격리시키는 것을 핵심으로 하는 '소극적 교육'을 제안하고 있다. 그러나 종래의 해석에서는 자연상태의 미개인이나 소극적 교육에서의 아동을 묘사할 때, 그의 사회철학적 관점을 심각하게 고려하고 있지 않다. 사회의 기원을 설명하기 위해서 자연상태를 가정하는 다른 근대 사상가들의 오류를 지적하고자 하는 것이 루소 사회사상의 출발점이다. 홉스와 같은 자연법사상가들은 천부적 성향을 따르는 존재인 자연인을 이성적, 도덕적 존재로 보았고, 그 결과로 사회의 합리적, 도덕적 질서를 천부적 성향인 자기보존의 연장으로서 이해하였다. 반면, 루소가 보기에, 천부적 성향인 자기애는 인간이 육체적 존재로 태어난다는 점 때문에 가지게 되는 욕망이나 충동일 뿐, 사회적 존재로서의 인간 본성은 아니다. 사회 속에서 자연스러운 삶, 본성에 부합하는 삶은 오히려 사회가 제시하는 합리적, 도덕적 기준에 일치하도록 행위하는 것이다. 따라서 소극적 교육의 의미는 단순히 아동의 천부적 성향을 존중하기 위해서가 아니라, 법률과 제도를 축으로 하는 도덕적 삶이 사욕에 좌우되는 위험을 방지하기 위해서라고 할 수 있다.
Spectrophotometric determination of secondary amines (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric determination of secondary aminesDale H. Karweik and Carl H. MeyersCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 2, 319–320Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50038a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50038a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Construction of eukaryotic expression vector for human angiopoietin 1 and its expression in the marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rabbit]. (2005)

The constructed eukaryotic expression vector hAng-1 could be expressed in the transfected MSCs, thus to provide the basis for bone repair with tissue engineering.
Control of Particles in Microelectrode Devices (2005)

The impact of the convective fluid motion induced by the electric fields on the dielectrophoretic manipulation of particles is investigated theoretically and experimentally. By means of a simplified model a channel with a periodic array of microelectrodes we show that electroconvective flows induce the formation of traps for particles, providing a dynamical mechanism to control microparticles in such devices. We demonstrate experimentally the theoretically predicted dynamical phenomena.
Bubble Motion Induced by Marangoni Convection under the Influence of Gravity (1998)

This article deals with the motion of gas bubbles induced by Marangoni convection. The bubbles are suspended in a liquid medium. The linear motion thus induced implies a variety of interesting technical applications. The experiment described in this article demonstrates that “bubble motion induced by Marangoni convection” can be used to balance buoyancy and to delay gravity-induced segregation. This allows finely dispersed suspensions to be maintained for some time.
Concentration and precipitation of NaCl and KCl from salt cake leach solutions by electrodialysis (1997)

Electrodialysis was investigated for cost-effective recovery of salt from salt cake leach solutions. (Salt cake is a waste stream generated by the aluminum industry during treatment of aluminum drosses and scrap.) We used a pilot-scale electrodialysis stack of 5 membrane pairs, each with an effective area of 0.02 m{sup 2}. The diluate stream contained synthetic NaCl, KCl,mixtures of NaCl and KCl, and actual salt cake leach solutions (mainly NaCl and KCl, with small amounts of MgCl{sub 2}). We concentrated and precipitated NaCl and KCl salts from the concentrate steam when the initial diluate stream concentration was 21.5 to 28.8 wt% NaCl and KCl. We found that water transferring through the membranes was a significant factor in overall efficiency of salt recovery by electrodialysis.
Role of the IgM Fc Receptor in Immunity and Tolerance (2019)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) M is the first antibody isotype to appear during evolution, ontogeny and immune responses. IgM not only serves as the first line of host defense against infections but also plays an important role in immune regulation and immunological tolerance. For many years, IgM is thought to function by binding to antigen and activating complement system. With the discovery of the IgM Fc receptor (FcμR), it is now clear that IgM can also elicit its function through FcμR. In this review, we will describe the molecular characteristics of FcμR, its role in B cell development, maturation and activation, humoral immune responses, host defense, and immunological tolerance. We will also discuss the functional relationship between IgM-complement and IgM-FcμR pathways in regulating immunity and tolerance. Finally, we will discuss the potential involvement of FcμR in human diseases.
Cardiac Valve Noise Reduction by Non-Drug Interventions Improves the Sleep Quality of Patients after Mechanical Cardiac Valve Implantation (2016)

ChiCTR-TRC-14004405, 21 March 2014.).
Sex-specific control of Drosophila melanogaster yolk protein 1 gene expression is limited to transcription. (1988)

The sex of Drosophila melanogaster is determined by a hierarchy of genes. The ultimate targets of this regulatory hierarchy are the genes encoding terminal differentiation products of one sex. For one of the best-characterized target genes, that encoding female-specific yolk protein 1 (YP1), sex-specific transcriptional controls have been clearly demonstrated. In addition, sex-specific posttranscriptional controls were suggested from experiments in which YP1 RNA was induced in males with hormones. To determine whether males can efficiently process and translate a transcript which is normally found only in females, we used a non-sex-specific promoter, the hsp70 gene promoter, to drive YP1 gene transcription in germ line transformed males. The efficiency of expression of the YP1 gene at levels of RNA splicing, translation, and protein secretion in these males was compared with that in wild-type females. These experiments show that there are no sex-specific posttranscriptional controls operating to limit the production of secreted YP1 in males. Promoters containing different numbers of heat shock elements were tested for their ability to drive YP1 gene transcription in males. These results show that incompatibility between the hsp70 gene heat shock elements and the YP1 gene promoter can be overcome by increasing the amount of hsp70 gene sequence up or downstream of the TATA box. In the course of this study, two vectors useful for placing genes under heat shock regulation were constructed. One of these vectors is designed so that the heat-induced transcript produced is the "authentic" primary transcript; it should be useful for studies of posttranscriptional regulation.
Fast CU Partition Decision Strategy Based on Human Visual System Perceptual Quality (2021)

A fast Coding Unit (CU) partition decision strategy based on Human Visual System (HVS) perception quality is proposed in this paper. Considering that it is difficult for existing fast algorithms to further improve compression efficiency, perceptual coding technology has been tried to remove visual redundancy for achieving the purpose of reducing the bit rate on the basis of maintaining subjective visual quality. However, the existing perceptual coding model is still insufficient to reflect the characteristics of the HVS, which has limited improvement in coding efficiency, especially in fast algorithms. In this method, the characteristics of the limited human capacity for spatial-temporal resolution and the visual sensory memory are used to improve coding performance. First, the color complexity is used as a control factor to optimize the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) model to remove visual redundancy in a way that is more in line with the characteristics of visual perception. Second, a classification model of motion patterns based on human visual saliency is designed to provide a basis for CU classification, which effectively improves the coding accuracy. Finally, an offline Decision Tree (DT) classifier is designed based on the above model, and texture features are incorporated into the classifier as another key attribute to further reduce the computational complexity. The results of performance evaluation confirm that the proposed method achieves significantly improved coding performance compared with original Versatile Test Model (VTM). Compared with existing algorithms, our method not only improves coding efficiency, but also improves subjective visual quality.
恣意生活——“唯美”不定式 (2006)

“蓝得发紫的天空，金色落叶和青灰色的大房子，一尊尊发黑的旧雕像在无边的花香里默默唱歌，兰花状的地铁入口，洛可可风格的教堂，如藤蔓那样弯曲蔓延的音乐……我爱这一切，我甘愿为所有美丽的事物而沉沦!”桑塔格，这个美国东岸大学出身的犹太女作家，始终坚持着生活的终极标准——唯美。
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Layer-Wise Context Expansion and Attention (2016)

In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) with layer-wise context expansion and location-based attention, for large vocabulary speech recognition. In our model each higher layer uses information from broader contexts, along both the time and frequency dimensions, than its immediate lower layer. We show that both the layer-wise context expansion and the location-based attention can be implemented using the element-wise matrix product and the convolution operation. For this reason, contrary to other CNNs, no pooling operation is used in our model. Experiments on the 309hr Switchboard task and the 375hr short message dictation task indicates that our model outperforms both the DNN and LSTM significantly.
Coordinated Post-transcriptional Regulation of Hsp70.3 Gene Expression by MicroRNA and Alternative Polyadenylation (2011)

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is well documented to possess general cytoprotective properties in protecting the cell against stressful and noxious stimuli. We have recently shown that expression of the stress-inducible Hsp70.3 gene in the myocardium in response to ischemic preconditioning is NF-κB-dependent and necessary for the resulting late phase cardioprotection against a subsequent ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here we show that the Hsp70.3 gene product is subject to post-transcriptional regulation through parallel regulatory processes involving microRNAs and alternative polyadenylation of the mRNA transcript. First, we show that cardiac ischemic preconditioning of the in vivo mouse heart results in decreased levels of two Hsp70.3-targeting microRNAs: miR-378* and miR-711. Furthermore, an ischemic or heat shock stimulus induces alternative polyadenylation of the expressed Hsp70.3 transcript that results in the accumulation of transcripts with a shortened 3'-UTR. This shortening of the 3'-UTR results in the loss of the binding site for the suppressive miR-378* and thus renders the alternatively polyadenylated transcript insusceptible to miR-378*-mediated suppression. Results also suggest that the alternative polyadenylation-mediated shortening of the Hsp70.3 3'-UTR relieves translational suppression observed in the long 3'-UTR variant, allowing for a more robust increase in protein expression. These results demonstrate alternative polyadenylation of Hsp70.3 in parallel with ischemic or heat shock-induced up-regulation of mRNA levels and implicate the importance of this process in post-transcriptional control of Hsp70.3 expression.
Ammonia Generation and Utilization in a Passive SCR (TWC+SCR) System on Lean Gasoline Engine (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Lean gasoline engines offer greater fuel economy than the common stoichiometric gasoline engine, but the current three way catalyst (TWC) on stoichiometric engines is unable to control nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>X</sub>) emissions in oxidizing exhaust. For these lean gasoline engines, lean NO<sub>X</sub> emission control is required to meet existing Tier 2 and upcoming Tier 3 emission regulations set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). While urea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has proven effective in controlling NO<sub>X</sub> from diesel engines, the urea storage and delivery components can add significant size and cost. As such, onboard NH<sub>3</sub> production via a passive SCR approach is of interest. In a passive SCR system, NH<sub>3</sub> is generated over a close-coupled TWC during periodic slightly rich engine operation and subsequently stored on an underfloor SCR catalyst. Upon switching to lean operation, NO<sub>X</sub> passes through the TWC and is reduced by the stored NH<sub>3</sub> on the SCR catalyst. In this work, a passive SCR system was evaluated on a 2.0-liter BMW lean burn gasoline direct injection engine to assess NH<sub>3</sub> generation over a Pd-only TWC and utilization over a Cu-based SCR catalyst. System NO<sub>X</sub> reduction efficiency and fuel efficiency improvement compared to stoichiometric engine operation were measured. A feedback control strategy based on cumulative NH<sub>3</sub> produced by the TWC during rich operation and NO<sub>X</sub> emissions during lean operation was implemented on the engine to control lean/rich cycle timing. At an SCR average inlet temperature of 350 °C, an NH<sub>3</sub>:NO<sub>X</sub> ratio of 1.15:1 (achieved through longer rich cycle timing) resulted in 99.7 % NO<sub>X</sub> conversion. Increasing NH<sub>3</sub> generation further resulted in even higher NO<sub>X</sub> conversion; however, tailpipe NH<sub>3</sub> emissions resulted. At higher underfloor temperatures, NH<sub>3</sub> oxidation over the SCR limited NH<sub>3</sub> availability for NO<sub>X</sub> reduction. At the engine conditions studied, greater than 99 % NO<sub>X</sub> conversion was achieved with passive SCR while delivering fuel efficiency benefits ranging between 6-11 % compared with stoichiometric operation.</div></div>
Microencapsulation Properties of Gum Arabic and Several Food Proteins:  Spray-Dried Orange Oil Emulsion Particles (1996)

The encapsulation properties of several commercial food proteins and gum arabic (GA) were evaluated by conventional analytical procedures and dynamic headspace analysis (DHA). The microstructural properties of spray-dried microencapsulated orange oil emulsion particles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Soy protein isolate (SPI) was most effective and whey protein isolate (WPI) least effective for retaining orange oil during spray-drying of the liquid orange oil emulsions. Spray-dried SC-microencapsulated particles exhibited the largest sizes, and the sizes of the other microencapsulated orange oil particles were in decreasing order of WPI > SPI > GA. SEM and CSLM results revealed that spray-dried GA-microencapsulated orange oil particles had undergone more shrinkage during drying than the protein-microencapsulated products. A modified DHA technique was developed to determine the rate of release of volatiles from the spray-dried, microencapsulated orange oil emulsion particles. DHA results revealed that GA-microencapsulated particles had the highest volatile release rate and SPI-microencapsulated particles the lowest release rate as determined by DHA. WPI- and SPI-microencapsulated orange oil products were more stable against oxidation than SC- and GA-microencapsulated orange oil products. It was concluded that GA and SC were least effective as orange oil microencapsulants on the basis of DHA results and WPI and GA were least effective as orange oil microencapsulants on the basis of total oil retention and surface oil results. Keywords: Encapsulation; flavor release; protein; microstructure; dynamic headspace analysis
Compartment analysis of vascular effects of neuropeptides an capsaicin in the pig nasal mucosa (1991)

The vascular effects of local infusion of capsaicin, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were monitored in an experimental model on the pig nasal mucosa. Arterial, venous and superficial mucosal blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) as well as mucosal volume, reflecting changes in capacitance vessels were studied in parallel. All substances induced concentration dependent increases in the parameters studied with the exception of the decrease in the superficial mucosal flow induced by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. This latter finding was interpreted as a stealing phenomenon and suggests that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mainly exerts its vasodilatory effect in the deeper glandular layers of the nasal mucosa. The vasodilatory effect of capsaicin, except the laser-Doppler signal, was markedly reduced by pretreatment with a combination of the ganglionic blocking agent chlorisondamine and atropine implying that capsaicin evokes a central reflex with a final parasympathetic pathway and release of agents like vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The remaining capsaicin response may depend on a local effect with axon reflexes and the release of sensory neuropeptides with actions on superficial mucosal blood flow.