gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox in Regulating the Function of Transient Receptor Potential Channels (2010)

Cellular redox status, regulated by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), greatly contributes to the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis by modulating the function of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the plasma membrane. ROS functionally interact with the channel protein via oxidizing the redox-sensitive residues, whereas nitric oxide (NO) regulates TRP channel function by cyclic GMP/protein kinase G-dependent and -independent pathways. Based on the structural differences among different TRP isoforms, the effects of ROS and NO are also different. In addition to regulating TRP channels in the plasma membrane, ROS and NO also modulate Ca(2+) release channels (e.g., IP(3) and ryanodine receptors) on the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This review aims at briefly describing (a) the role of TRP channels in receptor-operated and store-operated Ca(2+) entry, and (b) the role of ROS and redox status in regulating the function and structure of TRP channels.
Mitochondrial dysfunction after experimental and human brain injury and its possible reversal with a selective N-type calcium channel antagonist (SNX-lll) (1997)

We have recently demonstrated in a rat model that traumatic brain injury induces perturbation of cellular calcium homeostasis with an overload of cytosolic calcium and excessive calcium adsorbed on the mitochondrial membrane, consequently the mitochondrial respiratory chain-linked oxidative phosphorylation was impaired. We report the effect of a selective N-type calcium channel blocker, SNX-111 on mitochondrial dysfunction induced by a controlled cortical impact. Intravenous administration of SNX-111 at varying times post injury was made. The concentration titration profile revealed SNX-111 at 4 mg kg-1 to be optimal, and the time window to be administration at 4 h post-injury, in line with that reported on the effect of SNX-111 in experimental stroke. Under optimal conditions, SNX-111 significantly improved the mitochondrial respiratory chain-linked functions, such as the electron transfer activities with both succinate and NAD-linked substrates, and the accompanied energy coupling capacities measured as respiratory control indices (RCI) and ATP synthesis (P/O ratio), and the energy linked Ca2+ transport. In order to assess the applicability of these data to the clinical setting, we have initiated studies with brain tissue which has to be resected during surgical treatment. Five patients suffered from brain trauma, one from intracranial hypertension due to stroke (noninfarcted tissue was taken), and one from epilepsy. Our data revealed that brain mitochondria derived from the patient with intracranial hypertension and the patient with epilepsy were tightly coupled with good respiratory rates with glutamate and malate as substrates, and high P/O ratios. The rates of respiration and ATP synthesis were severely impaired in the brain mitochondria isolated from traumatized patients. These results indicate that investigation of brain mitochondrial functions can be used as a measure for trauma-induced impairment of brain energy metabolism. The time window for the effect of SNX-111 in mitochondrial function and the (preliminary) similarity between mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental animals and humans make the drug appear to be well suited for clinical trials in severe head injury.
Development of a pan-Babesia FRET-qPCR and a survey of livestock from five Caribbean islands (2015)

Overall, 70 % (525/752) of the animals we tested were positive confirming earlier limited studies that infections with Babesia spp. are common in livestock in the Caribbean.
Preparing TiNiNb shape memory alloy powders by hydriding–dehydriding process (2016)

© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.High-quality TiNiNb shape memory alloy (SMA) powders were prepared by hydrogenation of cold-worked TiNiNb SMA wire composed of amorphous and nancrystalline microstructure, by mechanical pulverization and vacuum dehydrogenation. It is revealed that abundant structural defects introduced by cold-work greatly promoted hydrogen diffusion, which significantly decreased hydriding temperature and shortened hydriding time. After hydrogenation, the hydrogenated sample composed of TiNiH and NbH with high brittleness can be easily ground into ultra-fine powers. The TiNiNb powers obtained by following vacuum dehydrogenation exhibit almost the same reversible phase transformation behavior as that of the original TiNiNb SMA before cold-work. Moreover, a TiNiNb part was obtained by hot-pressure sintering the hydrogenated powders, where sintering and dehydrogenation are carried out in one single step. The sintered TiNiNb part shows most the same reversible phase transformation behaviors as that of the original TiNiNb SMA and there is no visible additional brittle phase appearance.
Proximity effects in superconductor-ferromagnet structures (2008)

In Kapitel "Alternativer Mechanismus des Vorzeicheneffektes in SFS Josephson-Kontakten" betrachten wir ein einfaches Model des Multi-Domänen S/F/S Systems. Antiparallele Orientierung der Magnetisierung in den Domänen führt zu der räumlichen Modulation der Phasendifferenz. Wegen dieser Modulation kann der kritische Josephson Strom verschiedene Vorzeichen haben. In Kapitel "Ungerade Komponente der Triplet-Supraleitung in einer S/F Struktur mit rotierender Magnetisierung" analysieren wir ein S/F System mit rotierender Magnetisierung in dem Ferromagneten. Wir kalkulieren die weitreichende Triplet-Komponente der Supraleitung, die in den Ferromagneten auf lange Distanzen eindringt. In Kapitel "Kollektive Moden in Zwei-Band Supraleitern" haben wir gezeigt, dass diese Moden bei jeder Temperatur unter Tc existieren, wenn die Frequenz der Moden größer als unelastische Streuungsfrequenz und kleiner als die Energielücken ist.
Application of the global positioning system to nearshore hydrographic surveys / (1981)

7.U9.
REVIEWS SCHWOBMARCEL: Chroniques. Éditées par JOHN ALDEN GREEN. (Histoire desidÉes et critique littéraire, 195). Genéve:Droz. 1981.210pp.SCHWOBMARCEL: Correspondance inédite, précédée de quelques textes inédits .Édition par JOHN ALDEN GREEN. (Histoire des idées et critique littéraire, 233). Genéve:Droz. 1985. 261pp. (1986)

REVIEWS Get access MARCEL SCHWOB: Chroniques. Éditées par JOHN ALDEN GREEN. (Histoire desidÉes et critique littéraire, 195). Genéve: Droz. 1981. 210pp. MARCEL SCHWOB: Correspondance inédite, précédée de quelques textes inédits .Édition par JOHN ALDEN GREEN. (Histoire des idées et critique littéraire, 233). Genéve: Droz. 1985. 261pp. NELLY WILSON NELLY WILSON BRISTOL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XL, Issue 4, October 1986, Pages 481–482, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XL.4.481 Published: 01 October 1986
UNETR: Transformers for 3D Medical Image Segmentation (2022)

Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNNs) with contracting and expanding paths have shown prominence for the majority of medical image segmentation applications since the past decade. In FCNNs, the encoder plays an integral role by learning both global and local features and contextual representations which can be utilized for semantic output prediction by the decoder. Despite their success, the locality of convolutional layers in FCNNs, limits the capability of learning long-range spatial dependencies. Inspired by the recent success of transformers for Natural Language Processing (NLP) in long-range sequence learning, we reformulate the task of volumetric (3D) medical image segmentation as a sequence-to-sequence prediction problem. We introduce a novel architecture, dubbed as UNEt TRansformers (UNETR), that utilizes a transformer as the encoder to learn sequence representations of the input volume and effectively capture the global multi-scale information, while also following the successful "U-shaped" network design for the encoder and decoder. The transformer encoder is directly connected to a decoder via skip connections at different resolutions to compute the final semantic segmentation output. We have validated the performance of our method on the Multi Atlas Labeling Beyond The Cranial Vault (BTCV) dataset for multi-organ segmentation and the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) dataset for brain tumor and spleen segmentation tasks. Our benchmarks demonstrate new state-of-the-art performance on the BTCV leaderboard.
Calcium phosphate coatings deposited by aerosol chemical vapour deposition (2003)

Thin films of calcium phosphates with different crystallinity and Ca/P ratios have been prepared by the pyrosol method and characterised by XRD, FTIR, EDS and SEM. The microstructure, crystallinity and composition of the deposited films can be controlled by modifying the composition of the precursor solution, reactor atmosphere and substrate temperature. Using this method, pure hydroxyapatite with varying crystallinity and microstructure can be obtained under more oxidising conditions, whereas tricalcium phosphate (α or β) or biphasic hydroxyapatite–tricalcium phosphate mixtures can be obtained under argon atmosphere. The ability to vary the calcium phosphate phases deposited has significant implications for the use of these films in implant devices.
Empirical Research on Corporate Governance in China: A Review and New Directions for the Future (2015)

ABSTRACT The ownership structure of Chinese firms has experienced significant changes over the last three decades, including the development of a fast growing stock market through which a large number of domestic firms have become publicly traded corporations. These changes have drawn increasing attention from researchers of corporate governance. In this article, we review the empirical research on corporate governance in China, with a focus on the internal and external governance mechanisms that have been investigated and the findings about the effectiveness of these mechanisms. On the basis of our review of 132 studies, we summarize the major findings and discuss the limitation of agency theory in understanding the governance issue in Chinese firms. We offer several ideas (e.g., the importance of the social context, new conceptualization of governance, different outcomes of governance, and data/method issues) for a new agenda to guide future research in the corporate governance of firms operating in the Chinese and other emerging economy contexts.
Diagnosis of group A streptococcal infections directly from throat secretions (1982)

The diagnosis of group A streptococcal disease still relies on isolation of group A streptococcal strains on sheep blood agar followed by presumptive identification based on bacitracin sensitivity or the results of the more precise serogrouping methods such as the Lancefield precipitin test. A technique that would permit rapid identification of streptococcal infections directly from throat secretions would allow immediate appropriate antimicrobial therapy for the management of streptococcal infections to be started. We have been able to identify soluble group A antigen directly from throat secretions by using a latex agglutination test. In a clinical trial in which latex (Streptex group A) and conventional culturing techniques were used, 53 throat secretion cultures were tested: 26 were positive by both procedures, 5 were positive by culture only, 3 were positive by the latex agglutination test only, and 19 were negative by both tests.
Self-Limiting Growth of High-Quality 2D Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> by Direct Sulfurization Using Precursor-Soluble Substrates for Advanced Field-Effect Transistors and Photodetectors (2018)

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have demonstrated great potential in next-generation electronics due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, it remains challenging to produce uniform high-quality TMDs over a large scale. The direct sulfurization method holds great promise in achieving large-scale synthesis, but the obtained materials suffer from small grain size and multilayer regions. Herein, low-cost glass substrate is used to achieve facile growth of large-area uniform and large-size monolayer MoS2 crystals via a modified direct sulfurization method. We find that the ability of glass to incorporate predeposited precursors into its molten state is the key to the production of high-quality monolayer MoS2 crystals. The monolayer MoS2 crystals possess the largest average crystal size (∼100 μm) for MoS2 grown by the direct sulfurization method, with large-area uniformity, which is only limited by the size of the substrate. A combination of low-cost, uniformity, scalability, simplicity, and high quality is achieved in our method which showed great promise for the development of wafer scale electronic devices based on 2D materials. Our work also provides a new look at the role substrates could play in the synthesis and the possibilities of using other glass or liquid substrates for the growth of high-quality 2D materials.
Fenbendazole. I. Structure‐activity relationships (1977)

Abstract Substitution of alkyl benzimidazol‐2‐ylcarbamates by phenoxy‐ or phenylthio‐groups in the 5‐position results in an increase in anthelmintic activity. The biological spectrum is altered by substitution of the phenyl ring. A sulphonic ester substituent in the 5‐position of the benzimidazole nucleus also increases anthelmintic activity.
Role of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in stroke (2007)

Transcranial Doppler sonography is a non-invasive, non-ionising, inexpensive, portable and safe technique that uses a pulsed Doppler transducer for assessment of intracerebral blood flow. This article deals with the principles and technique of transcranial Doppler sonography. It gives a brief overview of its use in evaluation of intracranial steno-occlusive disease, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and extracranial diseases (including carotid artery disease and subclavian steal syndrome). The role of transcranial Doppler in detection of microembolic signals and evaluation of right to left shunts is also dealt with. Finally, its use in acute stroke is briefly outlined.
An improved circuit model of MUTs (2002)

An electrical circuit model is introduced to describe the behavior of microfabricated ultrasonic transducers. A systematic analysis of the loss mechanisms of an air-coupled transducer is presented. At atmospheric pressure, it is found that loss due to viscous flow in the the transducer cavity is equivalent to 1779 rayls of mechanical loading, while loss due to heat generation from strain in the membrane and thermal loss from gas compression is equivalent to 126 rayls. Acoustic radiation into air is modeled by an effective impedance of 332 rayls. Experimental results are presented which require an additional 1450 rayls in the mechanical impedance of the transducer, and some possible explanations for the unexpected loss are discussed.
Presenting features and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in younger adults [see comments] (1991)

We have analyzed 117 younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (mean age, 44.5 years; SD, 4.8; range, 19 to 49; male/female ratio, 2.08) with three main objectives: (1) to see whether these patients have distinctive presenting clinical features; (2) to investigate the impact of the disease on survival; and (3) to analyze whether already well-known prognostic factors are also useful when applied to these patients. As compared with an older age population (greater than or equal to 50 years), there were no major differences in presenting features except for an increased proportion of males (2.08 v 1.21; P less than .025) and a higher hemoglobin level (13.47 +/- 2.70 g/dL v 12.84 +/- 2.77 g/dL; P less than .05) in the younger group. Median survival is 12.3 years (expected median from a control group, 31.2 years). Clinical stages, bone marrow patterns, blood lymphocyte counts, and its doubling time are all useful to separate different risk groups of patients. Whereas patients with favorable prognostic factors have a survival probability of about 80% 14 years after diagnosis, those with poor prognostic features have a median survival of less than 3 years. It is concluded that CLL in younger adults has no major distinctive presenting features and that known prognostic factors are useful to separate different risk groups of patients. These results should be of help in planning therapy for younger persons with CLL.
Data-Driven Engineering of Social Dynamics: Pattern Matching and Profit Maximization (2016)

In this paper, we define a new problem related to social media, namely, the data-driven engineering of social dynamics. More precisely, given a set of observations from the past, we aim at finding the best short-term intervention that can lead to predefined long-term outcomes. Toward this end, we propose a general formulation that covers two useful engineering tasks as special cases, namely, pattern matching and profit maximization. By incorporating a deep learning model, we derive a solution using convex relaxation and quadratic-programming transformation. Moreover, we propose a data-driven evaluation method in place of the expensive field experiments. Using a Twitter dataset, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our dynamics engineering approach for both pattern matching and profit maximization, and study the multifaceted interplay among several important factors of dynamics engineering, such as solution validity, pattern-matching accuracy, and intervention cost. Finally, the method we propose is general enough to work with multi-dimensional time series, so it can potentially be used in many other applications.
Flux flow microelectronics (1993)

Flux-flow-based devices such as the superconducting flux flow transistor and magnetically controlled long junctions have been made from thin films of TlCaBaCuO and YBaCuO. The devices are based on the magnetic control of flux flow in their respective structures: a long junction or an array of weak links. The equivalent circuits of the two devices are similar: a low-impedance input control line, an output impedance of 3-20 Omega , and an active current-controlled element. The long junctions have tended to be slower, to have lower gain, and to be somewhat less noisy than their counterparts. Circuits such as narrowband and distributed amplifiers (50-GHz bandwidths, noise figures <3 dB), phase shifters (continuous with <2-dB loss, 4-40 GHz), logic gates (2-3-ps gate delays). and memories made using these devices are compared and analyzed in terms of performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research on preparation technology and properties of mLLDPE/LDPE/CB composite with PTC (2012)

mLLDPE(metallocene polyethylene)/LDPE/CB(conductive carbon black) composite with positive temperature coefficient(PTC) was successfully prepared by blending. The rheology behavior and the strength of PTC of the composites were investigated through methods of rheometer test, resistance measurement, scanning electronic microscope (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The results showed that CB can be uniformly dispersed in the mLLDPE / LDPE composite; mLLDPE/LDPE/CB composite has higher strength of PTC than this of the LDPE/CB composite. The PTC mutations temperature of mLLDPE/LDPE/CB composite increased from 358.7K to 377.3K, and also its PTC strength increased from 6.7 to 8.1 with the increasing of mLLDPE content (25wt%~75wt%) to compare with the PTC strength of traditional PTC polymer (LDPE / CB). The proper blend technology conditions of mixing rotation, temperature and time were 30r/min, 453K, 10min respectively.
Simplified method for conjugating macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agents to antibodies via 2-iminothiolane (1990)

A one-step method for conjugating macrocyclic chelators to antibodies using the protein modification reagent 2-iminothiolane controls aggregation, maintains immunoreactivity, and produces consistent chelate/antibody ratios. Conjugation conditions have been investigated with the macrocyclic chelates 6-[p-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N ',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid and 2-[p-(bromoacetamido)benzyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N ",N"'-tetraacetic acid, with three different monoclonal antibodies. The bifunctional chelating agents are prepared by bromoacetylation of their amine precursors using a two-phase H2O/CHCl3 system, which improves product purity.
Multivalent Benzoboroxole Functionalized Polymers as gp120 Glycan Targeted Microbicide Entry Inhibitors (2009)

Microbicides are women-controlled prophylactics for sexually transmitted infections. The most important class of microbicides target HIV-1 and contain antiviral agents formulated for topical vaginal delivery. Identification of new viral entry inhibitors that target the HIV-1 envelope is important because they can inactivate HIV-1 in the vaginal lumen before virions can come in contact with CD4+ cells in the vaginal mucosa. Carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs) demonstrate the ability to act as entry inhibitors due to their ability to bind to glycans and prevent gp120 binding to CD4+ cells. However, as proteins they present significant challenges in regard to economical production and formulation for resource-poor environments. We have synthesized water-soluble polymer CBAs that contain multiple benzoboroxole moieties. A benzoboroxole-functionalized monomer was synthesized and incorporated into linear oligomers with 2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide (HPMAm) at different feed ratios using free radical polymerization. The benzoboroxole small molecule analogue demonstrated weak affinity for HIV-1BaL gp120 by SPR; however, the 25 mol % functionalized benzoboroxole oligomer demonstrated a 10-fold decrease in the K(D) for gp120, suggesting an increased avidity for the multivalent polymer construct. High molecular weight polymers functionalized with 25, 50, and 75 mol % benzoboroxole were synthesized and tested for their ability to neutralize HIV-1 entry for two HIV-1 clades and both R5 and X4 coreceptor tropism. All three polymers demonstrated activity against all viral strains tested with EC(50)s that decrease from 15000 nM (1500 microg mL(-1)) for the 25 mol % functionalized polymers to 11 nM (1 microg mL(-1)) for the 75 mol % benzoboroxole-functionalized polymers. These polymers exhibited minimal cytotoxicity after 24 h exposure to a human vaginal cell line.