gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-property relationships in a series of photochromic thiophene-substituted 3H-naphtho [2,1-b]pyrans (2000)

The photochromic parameters of a set of 26 thiophene-substituted [3H]-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans were studied by flash photolysis. The experimental results obtained along with molecular modelling approaches (molecular mechanics and quantum calculations) allowed us to propose structure–property relationships. From this approach, the main structural modifications able to induce large variations in electronic absorption, fading rates and coloration ability are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Garment modeling with a depth camera (2015)

Previous garment modeling techniques mainly focus on designing novel garments to dress up virtual characters. We study the modeling of real garments and develop a system that is intuitive to use even for novice users. Our system includes garment component detectors and design attribute classifiers learned from a manually labeled garment image database. In the modeling time, we scan the garment with a Kinect and build a rough shape by KinectFusion from the raw RGBD sequence. The detectors and classifiers will identify garment components (e.g. collar, sleeve, pockets, belt, and buttons) and their design attributes (e.g. falbala collar or lapel collar, hubble-bubble sleeve or straight sleeve ) from the RGB images. Our system also contains a 3D deformable template database for garment components. Once the components and their designs are determined, we choose appropriate templates, stitch them together, and fit them to the initial garment mesh generated by KinectFusion. Experiments on various different garment styles consistently generate high quality results.
Control of floating wind turbines (2012)

Wind energy is a clean, renewable and extremely fast growing form of electricity generation and the potential to install turbines deep offshore is only just being realised. The vast majority of commercial offshore turbines have foundations on the seabed thereby restricting the depths at which offshore farms can be installed. In an attempt to facilitate access to a potential multi-Terawatt resource, a number of floating concept wind turbines have emerged. In this tutorial paper we review the control challenges associated with the design of floating turbines and summarise recent developments in the area. Of particular interest is a fore-aft oscillation induced by attempting to regulate the generator speed to its rated value. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the control problems presented are likely to change with increasing turbine size and structural flexibility.
Design, Planning, and Control of an Origami-inspired Foldable Quadrotor (2019)

In this paper, a novel foldable quadrotor (FQR) inspired by an origami mechanism is designed. The FQR can fold its arms during flight to enable aggressive turning maneuvers and operations in cluttered environments. A dynamic model of folding is built for this system with the collected data, and a feedback controller is designed to control the position and orientation of the FQR. Lyapunov stability analysis is conducted to show that the system is stable during arm folding and extension, and motion planning of the FQR is achieved based on a modified minimum-snap trajectory generation method. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the advantage of this design over the conventional quad-rotor in obstacle avoidance during flight.
White light with UV LEDs (2004)

The advantages of near UV LED chips with phosphors for white light generation are discussed. Recently developed UV LED excitable phosphor blends are presented. Monte Carlo simulations suggest low color point variation (entirely within the first MacAdam oval) for the standard LED chip bin (400-410 nm), compared to high color point variation (outside the fourth MacAdam oval) for the standard bin (460-470 nm) and typical phosphors, modeled as Gaussians of realistic spectral width and targeting the 3000K ANSI color point (x=0.440, y=0.403). A discussion of the full LED package performance is also offered.
CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure (2018)

Crispr-mediated Reorganization Of Chromatin Loop Structure - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
A micro-power precision switched-capacitor charge meter system for implantable medical devices (2002)

Estimating the remaining capacity of the battery for implantable medical devices such as pacemakers, defibrillators, and neuro-stimulators is critical information. This paper presents a precision system, which can be a part of an integrated circuit of an implantable medical device, to monitor the charge depletion. The system consists of a sensing resistor, a precision voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), and an accumulating counter. A jitter-free micro-power precision voltage controlled oscillator is designed for this particular system. The oscillator consists of a fully differential, double-sampling bilinear switched-capacitor integrator with a fully differential compactor/latch. When operating with a 256 Hz sampling frequency, the VCO consumes less than 100 nA. The circuit can operate with a single 1.8 V power supply. This micro-power operation makes the circuit ideal for implantable medical devices at the end of the life of their batteries. The VCO was fabricated in the MOSIS 2-/spl mu/m, double-polysilicon, double-metal P-well CMOS process. Finally, the experimental data of the implemented circuit is reported. The linearity of the VCO is examined, and it is shown the oscillator is capable of sensing input voltages as small as 50 /spl mu/Vs. The dynamic range of the VCO is 60 dB.
Novel poly‐substituted aryl acridinium esters and their use in immunoassay (1989)

A new series of stable acridinium ester conjugates have been developed for use as non-isotopic labels in immunoassay. They have proved to be a flexible alternative to radioimmunoassay. We present data showing the successful development of immunoassays in sandwich, competitive and receptor formats. In addition, hydrophilic acridinium ester analogues have been synthesized, encapsulated in liposomes, and utilized as labels in immunoassay. The potential of this technology is discussed.
Study on thermoacoustic system to drive by low temperature—Effects of loop-tube thermoacoustic system connected with parallel double stacks on the onset temperature ratio (2013)

As the temperature ratio of the both ends of the stack increases gradually and reaches a critical value, sound waves begin to oscillate in the thermoacoustic system. This temperature ratio is called the onset temperature ratio. It is necessary to decrease the onset temperature ratio for practical use of the thermoacoustic system: the use of the factory exhaust heat and the solar heat. In a previous study, thermoacoustic system with series connected a number of prime movers was designed. This system can drive by lower onset temperature ratio than thermoacoustic system with a prime mover. However, it is considered that the heat loss increase when the heat is carried to a number of high heat exchangers. Therefore, loop-tube thermoacoustic system connected with parallel double stacks (parallel loop system) was proposed. This system can drive two prime movers by a heat input part because it is connected prime movers in parallel. In this report, the onset temperature ratio of this system was compared with that of normal loop-tube system with a prime mover. As a result, we confirmed that parallel loop system can drive by lower onset temperature ratio than normal loop-tube system.
Preparation of Highly Oriented Microstructure in the (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Sintered Oxide Superconductor (1988)

A highly oriented microstructure in the high- T c (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O bulk samples has been obtained by a modified powder method. Disc-shaped samples consisting of layered grains with the c -axis of the crystal normal to the disc surface were prepared by applying an intermediate pressing between the sintering heat treatments. Enhancement in formation of the high- T c phase and a significant increase in the critical current density have been reported.
An insect-specific P450 oxidative decarbonylase for cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis (2012)

Insects use hydrocarbons as cuticular waterproofing agents and as contact pheromones. Although their biosynthesis from fatty acyl precursors is well established, the last step of hydrocarbon biosynthesis from long-chain fatty aldehydes has remained mysterious. We show here that insects use a P450 enzyme of the CYP4G family to oxidatively produce hydrocarbons from aldehydes. Oenocyte-directed RNAi knock-down of Drosophila CYP4G1 or NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase results in flies deficient in cuticular hydrocarbons, highly susceptible to desiccation, and with reduced viability upon adult emergence. The heterologously expressed enzyme converts C 18 -trideuterated octadecanal to C 17 -trideuterated heptadecane, showing that the insect enzyme is an oxidative decarbonylase that catalyzes the cleavage of long-chain aldehydes to hydrocarbons with the release of carbon dioxide. This process is unlike cyanobacteria that use a nonheme diiron decarbonylase to make alkanes from aldehydes with the release of formate. The unique and highly conserved insect CYP4G enzymes are a key evolutionary innovation that allowed their colonization of land.
Detection of Cracks in Turbomachinery Blades by Online Monitoring (2020)

Abstract The presence of a crack in a blade can change the natural frequencies of that blade. It has long been a goal to detect blade cracks by assessing the change in a measured vibration frequency of the blade over time. It has been found that prior frequency assessment methods can be less accurate than is desirable to reliably detect the relatively small frequency changes that are typically associated with blade crack sizes of practical interest. This paper describes a method in which potential temporal changes in the frequencies of individual blades are assessed by periodically analyzing complete rows of blades using mistuning analysis techniques that treat the blade rows as coupled systems, in contrast to other techniques that consider each blade individually in turn. This method, while computationally complicated and challenging, has been found to be capable of detecting blade root cracks that are much smaller than those that can be detected using other techniques. Moreover, this method has been demonstrated to detect cracks that are much smaller than the critical size for mechanical separation of the blade from the rotor. This improved frequency assessment technique has been used to identify more than 30 blades with frequency changes that were considered to be potential indicators of blade cracks. Subsequent inspections verified indications in all of those blades. In addition to providing operational guidance, the frequency change data were used to infer the time periods during which crack growth had occurred.
Synthetic Dyes Based on Environmental Considerations (1994)

We have described the synthesis of some novel 1:2 Fe complexed azo dyes and compared their properties with 1:2 Cr and 1:2 Co commercial analogs. We also report the interesting FAB mass spectroscopy analysis of 1:2 metallized azo dyes resulting in the formation of 1:1 complexed dyes and their unmetallized precursors. Results from light- and rubbing-fastness evaluations of these 1:2 Fe metallized dyes show the black dyes to be strong candidates for use on wool and nylon in applications requiring high lightfastness.
High thermal conductivity epoxy-silver composites based on self-constructed nanostructured metallic networks (2012)

We demonstrate epoxy-silver nanoparticle composites with high thermal conductivity κ enabled by self-constructed nanostructured networks (SCNN) forming during the curing process at relatively low temperatures (150 °C). The networks formation mechanism involves agglomeration of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated nanoparticles, PVP removal, and sintering of the nanoparticles at suppressed temperatures induced by their small diameters (20–80 nm). Sintering and the SCNN formation are supported by differential scanning calorimetry and electron microscopy investigations. The formation of SCNN with high aspect ratio structures leads to enhancements in the measured thermal conductivity κ of the composite by more than two orders of magnitude versus the pure epoxy. However, κ enhancements are modest if microparticles (1.8–4.2 μm) are employed instead of PVP coated nanoparticles. The κ trends are qualitatively explained using a percolating threshold thermal conductivity model for the microcomposites. For the nanocomposites the measured κ is ∼14% of the upper limit value predicted by the Hashin and Shtrikman (H-S) theory for an ideally connected network, a measure of the non-ideal network inside the nanocomposites.
Toward a seven axis haptic device (2002)

The development of a haptic interface to address the tasks performed by people with small tools is described. Design issues are considered from the requirements, in terms of actuation, kinematics, motion transmission, sensing, and concept design.
Theory and Methods of Lightfield Photography (2010)

Computational photography is based on capturing and processing discrete representations of all the light rays in the 3D space of a scene. Compared to conventional photography, which captures 2D images, computational photography captures the entire 4D 'lightfield' - the full 4D radiance. To multiplex the 4D radiance onto conventional 2D sensors, light-field photography demands sophisticated optics and imaging technology. At the same time, 2D image creation is based on creating 2D projections of the 4D radiance. <br>This course presents light-field analysis in a rigorous, yet accessible, mathematical way, which often leads to surprisingly direct solutions. The mathematical foundations will be used to develop computational methods for lightfield processing and image rendering, including digital refocusing and perspective viewing. While emphasizing theoretical understanding, we also explain approaches and engineering solutions to practical problems in computational photography. <br>As part of the course, we will demonstrate a number of working light-field cameras that implement different methods for radiance capture, including the microlens approach of Lippmann and the plenoptic camera; the focused plenoptic camera, the Adobe lens-prism camera; and a new camera using a mosquito net mask. Various computational techniques for processing captured light-fields will also be demonstrated, including the focused plenoptic camera and real-time radiance rendering.
Selective Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formaldehyde via a Bis(silyl)acetal: Incorporation of Isotopically Labeled C<sub>1</sub> Moieties Derived from Carbon Dioxide into Organic Molecules (2019)

The conversion of carbon dioxide to formaldehyde is a transformation that is of considerable significance in view of the fact that formaldehyde is a widely used chemical, but this conversion is challenging because CO<sub>2</sub> is resistant to chemical transformations. Therefore, we report here that formaldehyde can be readily obtained from CO<sub>2</sub> at room temperature <i>via</i> the bis(silyl)acetal, H<sub>2</sub>C(OSiPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Specifically, formaldehyde is released from H<sub>2</sub>C(OSiPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> upon treatment with CsF at room temperature. H<sub>2</sub>C(OSiPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> thus serves as a formaldehyde surrogate and provides a means to incorporate CH<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 1 or 2) moieties into organic molecules. Isotopologues of H<sub>2</sub>C(OSiPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> may also be synthesized, thereby providing a convenient means to use CO<sub>2</sub> as a source of isotopic labels in organic molecules.
Novel Human Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin Variant with Low Cortisol-Binding Affinity<sup>1</sup> (2000)

Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is the plasma transport protein that regulates the access of glucocorticoid hormones to target cells. Genetic deficiencies of CBG are rare, and only a single human CBG variant (Trancortin Leuven) has been related so far to decreased cortisol-binding affinity. We report here on a 43-yr-old woman, referred for chronic asthenia and hypotension, with repeatedly low morning serum cortisol levels (22-61 nmol/L; normal range, 204-546 nmol/L), normal plasma ACTH levels (38-49 pg/mL; normal, <50 pg/mL), and normal urinary cortisol (10-76 nmol/24 h; normal range, 10-105 nmol/24 h). An increased percent-free (dialysable fraction) serum cortisol (8.7-9.7%, normal range, 2.9-3.9%) suggested abnormal CBG binding activity. Indeed, she had a low serum CBG concentration (24 mg/L vs. 44+/-6 mg/L in normal women), and the affinity of her CBG for cortisol was decreased (association constant, Ka = 0.12 L/nmol vs. 0.82+/-0.29 L/nmol). In her immediate family members, the serum CBG concentration and cortisol-binding activity were normal in her husband, but the four living children had slightly lower serum CBG concentrations than the reference ranges for their pre- and postpubertal status. Measurements of cortisol distribution in undiluted serum indicated that an increase in the percentage of nonprotein-bound cortisol offsets the low cortisol levels to give approximately normal concentrations of free cortisol in serum. Direct sequencing of PCR-amplified exons encoding CBG revealed that the proband was homozygous for a polymorphism (GAC-AAC) in the codon for residue 367, which results in a Asp367-->Asn substitution. Her children were heterozygous for this polymorphism. When this nucleotide change was introduced into a normal human CBG complementary DNA, for expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells, Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the Asn367 substitution reduced the affinity of human CBG for cortisol by approximately 4-fold (Ka = 0.15 L/nmol), as compared to normal recombinant CBG (Ka = 0.66 L/nmol). These results suggest that Asp367 is an important determinant of CBG steroid-binding activity and that normal negative regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is maintained by relatively normal serum-free cortisol concentrations, despite a marked reduction in the steroid-binding affinity of this novel human CBG variant, which we have designated as CBG-Lyon.
Epigenetic Hypothesis Tests for Methylation and Acetylation in a Triple Microarray System (2005)

To fully elucidate the functional relationship between DNA methylation and histone hypoacetylation in gene silencing, we have developed an integrated "triple" microarray system that allows us to begin to decipher the influence of epigenetic hierarchies on the regulation of gene expression in cancer cells. Our hypothesis is that in the promoter region of a silenced gene, reversal of two epigenetic factors (i.e., DNA demethylation and/or histone hyperacetylation) is highly correlated with gene reexpression after treatment of the human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line CP70 with the drug combination 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC), a demethylating agent, and trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases. To estimate the posterior probabilities for genes with altered expression, DNA methylation and histone acetylation status measured with a triple-microarray system, we have employed an established empirical Bayes model. Two methods have been proposed to test our hypothesis that DNA demethylation and histone hyperacetylation are highly correlated among those up-regulated genes. One method follows a weighted least squares regression, while the other is derived from a chi-square statistic. The data derived by these approaches, which have been further verified through bootstrap analyses, support the proposed epigenetic correlation (p-values are less than 0.001). Further simulations suggest that even if the constant variance and normality assumptions do not hold, the power of those two tests is robust.
High performance GaSb/InAs superlattice long-wave infrared focal plane array (2012)

We describe the demonstration of a ¼ VGA format long-wavelength infrared focal plane array based on an InAs/GaSb superlattice absorber surrounded by an electron-blocking and a hole-blocking unipolar barrier. An 8.8 μm cutoff focal plane without antireflection coating based on this complementary barrier infrared detector design has yielded noise equivalent differential temperature of 18.6 mK at operating temperature of 80K, with 300 K background and f/2 cold-stop.
Optical Properties of Wounds: Diabetic Versus Healthy Tissue (2006)

Diffuse photon density wave (DPDW) methodology at Near Infrared frequencies has been used to calculate absorption and scattering from wounds of healthy and diabetic rats. The diffusion equation for semi-infinite media is being used for calculating the absorption and scattering coefficients based on measurements of phase and amplitude with a frequency domain device. Differences observed during the course of healing in the two populations can be correlated to the delayed healing observed in diabetics. These results are encouraging and further work will focus on the implementation of this device to the clinical setting as a monitoring tool in chronic diabetic wounds.
Timing of Cord Blood Treatment after Experimental Stroke Determines Therapeutic Efficacy (2006)

Embolic stroke is thought to cause irreparable damage in the brain immediately adjacent to the region of reduced blood perfusion. Therefore, much of the current research focuses on treatments such as anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cell replacement strategies to minimize behavioral and physiological consequences. In the present study, intravenous delivery of human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC) 48 h after a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in a rat resulted in both behavioral and physiological recovery. Nissl and TUNEL staining demonstrated that many of the neurons in the core were rescued, indicating that while both necrotic and apoptotic cell death occur in ischemia, it is clear that apoptosis plays a larger role than first anticipated. Further, immunohistochemical and histochemical analysis showed a diminished and/or lack of granulocyte and monocyte infiltration and astrocytic and microglial activation in the parenchyma in animals treated with HUCBC 48 h poststroke. Successful treatment at this time point should offer encouragement to clinicians that a therapy with a broader window of efficacy may soon be available to treat stroke.