gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast and Flexible Elliptic Curve Point Arithmetic over Prime Fields (2008)

We present an innovative methodology for accelerating the elliptic curve point formulas over prime fields. This flexible technique uses the substitution of multiplication with squaring and other cheaper operations by exploiting the fact that field squaring is generally less costly than multiplication. Applying this substitution to the traditional formulas, we obtain faster point operations in unprotected sequential implementations. We also show the significant impact our methodology has in protecting against simple side- channel (SSCA) attacks. We modify the elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) point formulas to achieve a faster atomic structure when applying side-channel atomicity protection. In contrast to previous atomic operations that assume that squarings are indistinguishable from multiplications, our new atomic structure offers true SSCA-protection because it includes squaring in its formulation. Moreover, we extend our implementation to parallel architectures such as Single-Instruction Multiple-Data (SIMD). With the introduction of a new coordinate system and the flexibility of our methodology, we present, to our knowledge, the fastest formulas for SIMD-based schemes that are capable of executing three and four operations simultaneously. Finally, a new parallel SSCA-protected scheme is proposed for multiprocessor/parallel architectures by applying the atomic structure presented in this work. Our parallel and atomic operations are shown to be significantly faster than previous implementations.
Blind Authentication at the Physical Layer Under Time-Varying Fading Channels (2018)

Authentication is a key requirement for secure communications in modern wireless systems. Compared with the conventional authentication at the upper layer using a cryptographic tool, authentication at the physical layer has many advantages, including enhanced security through the introduction of uncertainty to adversaries and increased efficiency and compatibility through the avoidance of operations at the upper layer, particularly in heterogeneous coexistence environments, e.g., 5G wireless systems. In this paper, we investigate authentication at the physical layer under time-varying fading channels. Conventional authentication schemes at the physical layer operate poorly under fast fading or frequency selective fading channels. Furthermore, conventional schemes require additional complicated preprocessing such as channel estimation and message symbol recovery through demodulation and decoding. This paper proposes a new blind authentication scheme at the physical layer that combines the techniques of blind known interference cancellation (BKIC) and differential processing to implement authentication without requiring any of the above-described preprocessing. The proposed scheme utilizes both the smoothing (SM) technique and belief propagation (BP) technique to achieve BKIC through the distinct blind authentication schemes with a superimposed tag over pilots (BSUPs) referred to, respectively, as BSUP-SM and BSUP-BP. The proposed scheme not only effectively suppresses the deteriorate effect of fading channels without any additional preprocessing but is also covert to unaware users, robust to interference, and secure for identity verification. The tradeoffs of using the proposed system with respect to various goals are discussed and analyzed. The performance of the BSUP-SM scheme depends on the channel fading and the length of the pilot cluster, while the performance of the BSUP-BP scheme is not sensitive to the above factors but depends instead on the quantization step used. The BSUP-BP scheme works well in fast fading channels, even in frequency selective fading channels.
Noise reduction using spatial-angular compounding for elastography (2004)

Ultrasound elastography has developed into an imaging modality suitable for detection and diagnosis of cancers in the breast, prostate, and thyroid and for monitoring ablative therapies in the liver, kidneys, and other sites. In this article, a new approach is described that enables the reduction of noise artifacts in elastography without a significant reduction in either the contrast or spatial resolution. The technique uses angular-weighted compounding of local angular strains estimated from echo signals scanned at different insonification angles. Strain estimated along angular insonification directions can be separated into strain tensor components along the axial (direction of compression) and lateral directions. The mechanical stimulus is applied only along one direction. Angular-weighting factors are derived from the relationship between the axial and lateral strains under the assumption of tissue incompressibility. Experimental results using a uniformly elastic, tissue-mimicking phantom demonstrate the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio obtained with angular-weighted compounding. Variation in the signal-to-noise ratio obtained using different angular increments also is investigated. Elastograms obtained from an inclusion phantom also demonstrate the improvement in contrast detail resolution obtained using spatial-angular compounding.
PPAC: A Versatile In-Memory Accelerator for Matrix-Vector-Product-Like Operations (2019)

Processing in memory (PIM) moves computation into memories with the goal of improving throughput and energy-efficiency compared to traditional von Neumann-based architectures. Most existing PIM architectures are either general-purpose but only support atomistic operations, or are specialized to accelerate a single task. We propose the Parallel Processor in Associative Content-addressable memory (PPAC), a novel in-memory accelerator that supports a range of matrix-vector-product (MVP)-like operations that find use in traditional and emerging applications. PPAC is, for example, able to accelerate low-precision neural networks, exact/approximate hash lookups, cryptography, and forward error correction. The fully-digital nature of PPAC enables its implementation with standard-cell-based CMOS, which facilitates automated design and portability among technology nodes. To demonstrate the efficacy of PPAC, we provide post-layout implementation results in 28nm CMOS for different array sizes. A comparison with recent digital and mixed-signal PIM accelerators reveals that PPAC is competitive in terms of throughput and energy-efficiency, while accelerating a wide range of applications and simplifying development.
Formation of dl-limonene in used tire vacuum pyrolysis oils (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of dl-limonene in used tire vacuum pyrolysis oilsHooshang Pakdel, Christian Roy, Helene Aubin, Gilles Jean, and Sylvain CoulombeCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 9, 1646–1649Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00021a018https://doi.org/10.1021/es00021a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views558Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HIV-1 Vpr: Enhancing Sensitivity of Tumors to Apoptosis (2004)

Cancers can adapt several evasive functions including apoptosis evasion, self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, sustained angiogenesis, limitless replication potential, tissue invasion and metastasis. The invariable hurdle for development of therapies against such aberrant conditions requires both selective and potent cytotoxicity. Analysis of HIV-1 Vpr's apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity have revealed potentially important implications for cancer therapy. Accordingly, we have reviewed the properties of Vpr that will likely contribute to its efficacious function as an anti-tumor agent. Among these are its ability to induce cell cycle arrest, inhibit inflammation, provoke p53 independent apoptosis, and selective killing of rapidly dividing cells.
Identifying threatening networks from transactional data (2013)

We present a method for identifying threatening networks from vast amounts of transactional data (source, destination, timestamp). Our approach builds upon 21CT's patented network discovery algorithm, and analyzes the changes and trends in network activity in response to stimuli (e.g., key events) as a means to expose the adversarial nature of networks. We provide an analyst with a ranking of networks according to suspiciousness and also various graphical depictions of the change in activity patterns and anomaly scores over time. This assists the analyst in identifying networks of interest from among vast amounts of data and enables the analyst to focus time and resources on those networks. By our approach using anomaly detection, it is not necessary to have an a priori determination of what behavior constitutes a threat. We present results of our capability on real operational data that contains ground truth. Within this dataset are thirteen detected networks, four of which are known to be threatening. There are three key events in this dataset: the arrival of the U.S. Marines to the region, the removal of a key threatening leader, and the raid of an insurgent's home. Our results indicate that threatening networks conduct communications activity differently than non-threatening networks in response to key events and our approach is able to capture these differences with compelling accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
Precise small-molecule cleavage of an r(CUG) repeat expansion in a myotonic dystrophy mouse model (2019)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an incurable neuromuscular disorder caused by an expanded CTG repeat that is transcribed into r(CUG) exp . The RNA repeat expansion sequesters regulatory proteins such as Muscleblind-like protein 1 (MBNL1), which causes pre-mRNA splicing defects. The disease-causing r(CUG) exp has been targeted by antisense oligonucleotides, CRISPR-based approaches, and RNA-targeting small molecules. Herein, we describe a designer small molecule, Cugamycin, that recognizes the structure of r(CUG) exp and cleaves it in both DM1 patient-derived myotubes and a DM1 mouse model, leaving short repeats of r(CUG) untouched. In contrast, oligonucleotides that recognize r(CUG) sequence rather than structure cleave both long and short r(CUG)-containing transcripts. Transcriptomic, histological, and phenotypic studies demonstrate that Cugamycin broadly and specifically relieves DM1-associated defects in vivo without detectable off-targets. Thus, small molecules that bind and cleave RNA have utility as lead chemical probes and medicines and can selectively target disease-causing RNA structures to broadly improve defects in preclinical animal models.
Program word-line voltage generator for multilevel flash memories (2002)

A program word-line voltage generator for multilevel flash memories is presented. It includes a voltage regulator using a programmable resistive feedback network to generate the staircase waveform required for adequate programming accuracy, and a high-swing controlled discharge circuit to minimize the settling time of program and verify pulses. The same generator provides the voltage required in read and in program mode, thus saving silicon area and minimizing current consumption. Experimental results of the proposed circuit integrated in a 4-level-cell 64 Mb flash memory are presented.
Sn3.2Ag0.7Cu5.5Sb Solder Alloy with High Reliability Performance up to 175C (2018)

Abstract A novel lead-free solder alloy 90.6Sn3.2Ag0.7Cu5.5Sb, designated as Indalloy276, was developed targeting for high reliability with a wide service temperature capability. The alloy exhibited a melting temperature range of 223 to 232°C, reflowable at profile with peak temperature 245°C and 255°C, with ambient temperature Yield Stress 60MPa, UTS 77 MPa, and ductility 28%, and a higher stress than both SAC305 and SACBSbN, the latter two alloys were used as controls. When tested at 140°C and 165°C, the die shear stress of 276 was comparable with SACBSbN but higher than SAC305, and the ductility was higher than both SACBSbN and SAC305, with SACBSbN exhibited distinct brittle behavior. When aged at 125°C and 175°C, the die shear strength of 276 was comparable or higher than both controls. When pretreated with a harsh condition, TST (−55°C/155°C) for 3000 cycles, the die shear strength of 276 was 8 times of that of SACBSbN and SAC305. When pre-conditioned at TCT (−40°C/175°C) for 3000 cycles, the die shear strength of 276 was 11 to 20 times of SACBSbN and SAC305, depending on the flux type used. Both 276 and SACBSbN are alloys based on SnAgCu, but reinforced with precipitate hardening and solution hardening, with the use of additives including Sb, Ni, and Bi. 276 exhibited a finer microstructure with less particles dispersed, while SACBSbN exhibited more particles with some blocky Ag3Sn plates or rods. 276 is rigid and ductile, while SACBSbN is rigid but brittle. Under the harsh test condition where ΔT was high, the dimension mismatch between parts and substrate became very significant due to CTE mismatch. This significant dimension mismatch would cause a brittle joint to crack quickly, as seen on SACBSbN. The challenge was more tolerable for a ductile joint, as shown by 276. Accordingly 276 showed a much better reliability than SACBSbN under harsh condition, including high testing temperature and large ΔT. Overall, to achieve high reliability under a wide service temperature environment, a balanced ductility and rigidity for solder alloy is critical for success.
Effect of 200 days' sludge retention time on performance of a pilot scale submerged membrane bioreactor for high strength industrial wastewater treatment (2006)

A high strength industrial wastewater was treated using a pilot scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 200 d. The MBR was operated at a high sludge concentration of 20 g/L and a low F/M ratio of 0.11 during 300 d of operation. It was found that the MBR could achieve COD and TOC overall removal efficiencies at more than 99 and 98% TN removal. The turbidity of the permeate was consistently in the range of 0.123 to 0.136 NTU and colour254 absorbance readings varied from 0.0912 to 0.0962 a.u. cm(-1). The sludge concentration was inversely proportional to the hydraulic retention time (HRT), yielded excellent organic removal and extremely low sludge production (0.0016 kgVSS/day).
SBS mitigation with 'two-tone' amplification: a theoretical model (2008)

A new technique for mitigating stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects in narrow-linewidth Yb-doped fiber amplifiers is demonstrated with a model that reduces to solving an 8×8 system of coupled nonlinear equations with the gain, SBS, and four-wave mixing (FMW) incorporated into the model. This technique uses two seed signals, or 'two-tones', with each tone reaching its SBS threshold almost independently and thus increasing the overall threshold for SBS in the fiber amplifier. The wavelength separation of these signals is also selected to avoid FWM, which in this case possesses the next lowest nonlinear effects threshold. This model predicts an output power increase of 86% (at SBS threshold with no signs of FWM) for a 'two-tone' amplifier with seed signals at 1064nm and 1068nm, compared to a conventional fiber amplifier with a single 1064nm seed. The model is also used to simulate an SBS-suppressing fiber amplifier to test the regime where FWM is the limiting factor. In this case, an optimum wavelength separation of 3nm to 10nm prevents FWM from reaching threshold. The optimum ratio of the input power for the two seed signals in 'two-tone' amplification is also tested. Future experimental verification of this 'two-tone' technique is discussed.
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition (2004)

Mammalian cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a super-family of enzymes that currently consists of 11 families named PDE1–PDEll (Fig. 1; ref. 1). Some of these families contain multiple genes so that now there are known to be more than 20 PDE genes, and splicing variation of most of the genes yields even more PDEs with a final total of more than 50 isoforms (2). Some of the PDEs degrade cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), some degrade cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP), and some degrade both cyclic nucleotides. These enzymes vary in tissue distributions and are believed to have different physiological roles. PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, PDE4, and PDE7 are present in cardiac tissue, and PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, PDE4, PDE5, and PDEll are present in vascular smooth muscle.
Ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis: Events from the membrane to the nucleus (1998)

Ethylene is a plant hormone that regulates a diverse set of developmental and physiological processes including seed germination, abscission, and senescence. Molecular genetic analysis of ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana, has led to the identification of a number of genetic loci that are required for normal ethylene responses. Cloning of several of the mutant loci has provided significant insight into the nature of the ethylene signaling pathway. The Raf kinase homolog CTR1 is predicted to negatively regulate the ethylene response pathway through a MAP kinase cascade. ETR1 has been demonstrated to bind ethylene, and a family of homologous genes encode products that may function in a receptor complex. EIN3 and three homologous gene products contain several protein motifs that are reminiscent of transcription factors, and transduce the ethylene signal downstream. Additional loci are defined by the ein2, ein5/ain1, ein6, and ein7 mutations, and a number of mutations defining tissue-specific mediators of ethylene responses have also been identified. In this review, the different ethylene-related mutations and their gene products are considered in detail, and possible models of the manner in which the pathway functions are proposed.
Low-noise hybrid erbium/Brillouin amplifier (2000)

A photonic link incorporating a hybrid erbium/Brillouin fibre amplifier is investigated experimentally. Shot-noise limited performance is achieved within the 500 MHz to 8 GHz frequency band. Low frequency burst noise is reduced by utilising an injected phase-modulated signal beam.
Original Article Erythropoietin facilitates resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation by signaling protection of mitochondrial bioenergetic function in rats (2013)

Objective: We previously reported beneficial myocardial effects during chest compression after adminis- tration of high-dose erythropoietin. We hypothesized that erythropoietin also elicits post-resuscitation myocardial benefits partly linked to protection of mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Methods: Two series of 10 rats each underwent ventricular fibrillation for 10 minutes (series-1 ) and 8 minutes (series-2) and were randomized to eryth- ropoietin (5,000 U/kg) or 0.9% NaCl before chest compression. Dobutamine was infused post-resuscitation in se- ries-2 harvesting their hearts at 120 minutes. Results: During chest compression, a statistically insignificant trend showing progressively higher coronary perfusion pressure in the erythropoietin group was observed consistent with previously reported preservation of left ventricular distensibility. Post-resuscitation, in the absence of dobutamine (series-1) erythropoietin failed to improve post-resuscitation myocardial function or survival; in the presence of do- butamine (series-2) all rats survived and those treated with erythropoietin reversed post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction yielding higher cardiac work index (CWI; 39±3 vs 25±10 mmHg·ml/kg, p<0.01) and higher mean aortic pressure (MAP; 99±4 vs 83±16, p<0.01) at 120 minutes post-resuscitation. Better myocardial function was associ- ated with lesser increases in plasma cytochrome c, attaining levels which inversely correlated with CWI (p=0.026) and MAP (p=0.025). Hearts from erythropoietin-treated rats had higher phosphorylation levels of cytosolic Akt and higher phosphorylation levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial PKCe and maintained cytochrome c oxidase activity. Conclusion: Erythropoietin activated mitochondrial protective mechanisms that helped maintain bioenergetic func- tion enabling reversal of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction in the presence of dobutamine.
Optimization of the piezoelectric properties of uniaxially stretched polyvinylidene fluoride films corona poled at room and elevated temperatures (1983)

Recent work has shown that corona poling of stretched polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films at elevated temperature considerably enhances piezoelectric properties [1,2]. Some three dozen applications of field or corona poled PVDF films are listed in a recent paper by Sessler [3]. These may be classified under the general headings of audio frequency, ultrasonic, underwater and electromechanical transducers and devices. Many new applications are in the development stage.
Evaluation of an Ion-Exchange Procedure forRemoval of Hepatitis Type B Contamination fromHuman Gamma Globulin Products (1984)

Utilizing a unique human plasma sample that contained extremely high concentrations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), we were able in the laboratory to rapidly screen the binding efficiency for HBsAg of various ion-exchange resins that can be used to purify gamma globulin product from human plasma. ‘Nonrigid’ resins like QAE-Sephadex and DEAE-Sephadex showed a high affinity for HBsAg by removing greater than 10^4 of applied challenge. Much lower binding was achieved by ‘rigid’ resins like DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE-Spherodex. Also examined were the usefulness of certain auxiliary procedures, special filters and resins, that offer the potential to remove HBsAg. We failed to find any significant removal of the HBsAg, and in some cases large losses of the gamma globulin product occurred. While encouraged by our findings, certain precautions are discussed concerning the conversion from large-scale production of gamma globulin by the conventional alcohol method to one utilizing chromatographic techniques.
Recent Advances in Wireless Systems for Simultaneous Power and Data Transfer (2019)

Wireless systems that can simultaneously transmit power and data enable the development of battery-less and wire-free sensing for many important applications. In this work, recent advances on simultaneous Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) and wireless data communication are investigated. Moreover, a comparison of WPT methods based on inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR), and Conformal SCMR (CSCMR) is presented.