gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of <i>N,N</i>-Disubstituted Phenylalanines as a Novel Class of Inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase (2003)

The HCV NS5B RNA dependent RNA polymerase plays an essential role in viral replication. The discovery of a novel class of inhibitors based on an N,N-disubstituted phenylalanine scaffold and structure-activity relationships studies to improve potency are described.
Lysozyme−Dextran Core−Shell Nanogels Prepared via a Green Process (2008)

A novel method has been developed for preparing nanogels with a lysozyme core and dextran shell. The method involves the Maillard dry-heat process and heat-gelation process. First, lysozyme-dextran conjugates were produced through the Maillard reaction. Then, the conjugate solution was heated above the denaturation temperature of lysozyme to produce nanogels. The nanogels are of spherical shape having a hydrodynamic diameter of about 200 nm and swelling ratio of about 30. The nanogel solutions are stable against long-term storage as well as changes in pH and ionic strength. Ibuprofen has been used as a drug model to study the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with these nanogels at different pH values. The study reveals that the nanogels are more suitable for loading protonated ibuprofen. We have verified that the knowledge of the formation mechanism of lysozyme-dextran nanogels can be applied to prepare other globular protein-dextran nanogels.
Release rates and environmental impact of zinc-nickel coatings in the automotive industry (2006)

At present the automotive industry is due to an EU directive, replacing hexavalent chrome on vehicles. This is an extensive job as hexavalent chrome is used all over the vehicle and to large extent on fasteners (screws, nuts, rivets etc.). Chrome (VI) is used as a passivating layer on mainly zinc-iron. When replacing the hexavalent chrome with a chrome (VI) free product, the passivating properties are reduced. One of the alternatives is to replace the zinc-iron coating with a zinc-nickel coating. This coating shows great promise from the corrosion resistance point of view. Zinc-nickel is a cathodically protecting coating, and will in principle dissolve to protect the substrate from corrosion. It is therefore important to understand how, and at what rates nickel is released from zinc-nickel coatings when exposed to a chloride-rich automotive environment. The potential environmental impact of nickel needs to be evaluated before Scania can introduce this alternative as corrosion protection. Tests by Scania have previously shown that contact allergy is not an issue for zinc-nickel coatings with Cr (III) passivation. Nickel release rates corresponding to 0,12 mg m-2yr-1 for zinc-15 % nickel coatings at a pH of 4,2 were determined from an accelerated corrosion test. Based on these values, less than 1 kg of nickel per year would be released from the Scania rolling stock if Scania were to introduce zinc-nickel coatings preferably on fasteners. This value is low compared to other sources of nickel release. In order to evaluate the toxicity of the released nickel, information about the chemical speciation, i.e. chemical forms, is needed. Total or dissolved metal are not good predictors of ecotoxicity of metals. Chemical speciation and bioavailability must be incorporated in toxicity testing. Total or dissolved metal may be used as a worst case approximation.
Oxide Isolation for Double‐Polysilicon VLSI Devices (1983)

A novel method for the formation of an isolation layer between the polysilicon layers in double‐polysilicon VLSI devices is described. The intermediate oxide is realized by means of CVD oxide or a combination of polyoxide on top of the first polysilicon layer and CVD oxide on its walls. The isolation can be applied also to structures having a first conductor level which is difficult to oxidize. Test capacitors indicate that very low freak population, lowleakage currents, and breakdown voltages higher than 50V between the polysilicon layers can be achieved by the use of the method. The results are compared to double‐polysilicon structures having thermally grown sidewall oxide.
Formation of pore‐filled microfiltration membranes using a combination of modified interfacial polymerization and grafting (2001)

Abstract A novel method of fabricating pore‐filled membranes has been developed by coating a hydrophobic polyolefinic microfiltration membrane with polyethylenimine (PEI) to produce a chemically active surface. An evaporative coating technique was used to coat the internal surface of a polyolefinic membrane with PEI in chloroform (CHCl 3 ). The coated PEI was then crosslinked by naphthalene‐1,4‐disulfonyl chloride in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). The incorporation of the PEI coating changed the properties of the base membrane from hydrophobic to relatively hydrophilic; the nitrogens could be titrated, and the coating could not be washed out. 4,4′‐Azo‐bis(4‐cyanovaleryl chloride), a heat‐sensitive radical source, was incorporated into the coated membrane. The coated membrane, with incorporated azo compound, was heated to 75 °C in the presence of acrylic acid, 4‐(vinylpyridine), or styrene to give the corresponding grafted, pore‐filled membranes. The membranes exhibited hydraulic fluxes and pH valve effects consistent with molecular brushes grafted within the pores of the membranes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 242–250, 2002
Duty Cycle Analysis to Drive Intelligent Actuator Development (2008)

The field of intelligent actuators has been emerging for mechanical systems (aircraft, robots, manufacturing systems, more electric vehicles, human rehabilitation systems, etc.) as the dual of the computer chip for electronic systems. The level of intelligence necessary will be driven by the increasing performance demands for these ever more complex and nonlinear mechanical systems. These demands are best illustrated by actual duty cycles such as that presented here for aircraft control surface actuators. A representative duty cycle is analyzed using four basic methods/objectives that can be applied both in the development of new design requirements and the support of subsequent operational decision making software to maximize performance, provide for fault tolerance, and for condition-based maintenance. Both thermal and durability analyses are conducted yielding results which a prospective designer can use to support design decisions for a wide range of applications including power-by-wire (PBW) aircraft actuators.
Ambient organic molecular passivation of Si yields near-ideal, Schottky-Mott limited, junctions (2012)

We report near-perfect transfer of the electrical properties of oxide-free Si surface, modified by a molecular monolayer, to the interface of a junction made with that modified Si surface. Such behavior is highly unusual for a covalent, narrow bandgap semiconductor, such as Si. Short, ambient atmosphere, room temperature treatment of oxide-free Si(100) in hydroquinone (HQ)/alkyl alcohol solutions, fully passivates the Si surface, while allowing controlled change of the resulting surface potential. The junctions formed, upon contacting such surfaces with Hg, a metal that does not chemically interact with Si, follow the Schottky-Mott model for metal-semiconductor junctions closer than ever for Si-based junctions. Two examples of such ideal behavior are demonstrated: a) Tuning the molecular surface dipole over 400 mV, with only negligible band bending, by changing the alkyl chain length. Because of the excellent passivation this yields junctions with Hg with barrier heights that follow the change in the Si effective electron affinity nearly ideally. b) HQ/ methanol passivation of Si is accompanied by a large surface dipole, which suffices, as interface dipole, to drive the Si into strong inversion as shown experimentally via its photovoltaic effect. With only ∼0.3 nm molecular interlayer between the metal and the Si, our results proves that it is passivation and prevention of metal-semiconductor interactions that allow ideal metal-semiconductor junction behavior, rather than an insulating transport barrier.
Rateless Slepian-Wolf Codes (2006)

The design and optimization of rateless codes for Slepian-Wolf encoding are considered. Rateless codes are pro- posed to address two shortcomings of currently available Slepian- Wolf schemes: their fragility to changing source statistics, and their inability to guarantee successful decoding for practical block length. We propose a novel type of optimized rateless code, called a Matrioshka code, to deal with the particular conditions of Slepian-Wolf encoding.
Continuity of care for people with psychotic illness: Its relationship to clinical and social functioning (2011)

Continuity is a dynamic process, influenced significantly by care structures and organizational change.
Studies on Agents with Vasodilator and .BETA.-Blocking Activities. V. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of the Optical Isomers of TZC-5665. (1998)

Synthesis of the four optical isomers of TZC-5665 (1), a candidate for the treatment of congestive heart failure, was achieved by the reaction of chiral diaminopyridazinone (2) with chiral glycidyl ether. (3). The hypotensive and beta-blocking activities of 1 and its optical isomers were examined when given intravenously into anesthetized rats. Furthermore these compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity on cAMP phosphodiesterase III. Among the four optical isomers, Ra,Sb-one (1c) possessed the essential activities of TZC-5665 (1).
Einleitung (2019)

Seit Inkrafttreten des ESUG können im Rahmen eines Insolvenzplans nicht nur Sanierungsbeiträge von Gläubigern geregelt werden. Vielmehr können hierin auch Anteilsrechte geschaffen, aufgehoben und übertragen sowie Forderungen in Eigenkapitel umgewandelt werden. Erforderten entsprechende Maßnahmen bisher die Zustimmung der Anteilseigner, ist dies heute nicht mehr erforderlich. Häufig scheiden sie durch einen Insolvenzplan ganz aus der Gesellschaft aus. Der Verfasser zeigt auf, dass ein solches Verfahren zwar im Grundsatz nicht gegen verfassungs- und europarechtliche Vorgaben verstößt, diese aber bei der Anwendung und insbesondere bei der Bewertung der betroffenen Rechtspositionen zu beachten sind. Zugleich wird aufgezeigt, dass die vorgesehene Form der Beteiligung von Anteilseignern dem weiteren Ziel des ESUG, der Förderung frühzeitiger Insolvenzanträge zuwiderläuft.
Microbiological and Chemical Properties of Kefir Made of Bali Cattle Milk (2012)

Information regarding to microbiological and chemical characteristics, and incubation time is crucial in developing kefir prepared using Bali cattle milk. This study was intended to investigate microbiological and chemical properties of the kefir prepared of Bali Cattle milk and Indonesian kefir grains after 24, 48 and 72 hours incubation periods. A completely randomized design, with 3 treatments, and 9 replicates were undertaken. Kefir samples were taken at the end of incubation period for determination of total lactic acid bacterial and yeast counts, pH, titratable acidity, lactose percentage and protein content. The result of this research showed that the total lactic acid bacterial counts were 10 8 – 10 9 cfu/ml, while yeast counts were ranging from 10 5 – 10 6 cfu/ml, no coliform and Escherichia coli were detected in any kefir samples in this research. Identification of the lactic acid bacteria and yeast revealed that the Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei 1 was the predominant species found in the kefir samples, followed by Lactobacillus brevis and the yeast Candida famata . Chemical analysis of the kefir samples showed that, protein, lactose, titratable acidity and pH of the kefir samples were in the range of 5.68 - 6.26%, 3.98 - 4.67%, 0.89 - 1.73% and 3.38 - 4.35, respectively. The result also indicated that the incubation period significantly affected the microbial counts and chemical composition of Bali Cattle milk kefir. Keywords: Kefir, Bali cattle milk, Lactic acid bacteria, Yeast, Protein, Lactose
Vitrification of zona-free rabbit expanded or hatching blastocysts: a possible model for human blastocysts (2003)

These result demonstrate that denuded expanded or hatching rabbit blastocysts of greater size can be satisfactorily vitrified by use of a two-step procedure. The similarity of vitrification solutions used in humans could make it feasible to test such a procedure on human denuded blastocysts of different sizes.
A Firewall for Routers: Protecting against Routing Misbehavior (2007)

In this work, we present the novel idea of route normalization by correcting on the fly routing traffic on behalf of a local router to protect the local network from malicious and misconfigured routing updates. Analogous to traffic normalization for network intrusion detection systems, the proposed RouteNormalizer patches ambiguities and eliminates semantically incorrect routing updates to protect against routing protocol attacks. Furthermore, it serves the purpose of a router firewall by identifying resource-based attacks against routers. Upon detecting anomalous routing changes, it suggests local routing policy modifications to improve route selection decisions. Deploying a RouteNormalizer requires no modification to routers if desired using a transparent TCP proxy setup. In this paper, we present the detailed design of the RouteNormalizer and evaluate it using a prototype implementation based on empirical BGP routing updates. We validate its effectiveness by showing that many well-known routing problems from operator mailing lists are correctly identified.
Direct Nucleophilic Acylation of Nitroalkenes Promoted by a Fluoride Anion/Thiourea Combination (2006)

The direct nucleophilic acylation of nitroalkenes is reported utilizing a fluoride-initiated rearrangement of protected thiazolium carbinols. The key combination of fluoride anion and thiourea accesses carbonyl anion reactivity without the use of amine or amide bases typically employed in the generation of these Umpolung nucleophiles. The mild reaction conditions used to generate the reactive carbonyl anion species in situ allow for conjugate additions in good yield to sensitive nitroalkene electrophiles. The process is tolerant of a variety of thiazolium carbinols and nitroalkene substrates and can be rendered enantioselective and diastereoselective by the addition of a chiral thiourea derived from quinine.
Real-time detection of flame-retardant additives in polymers and polymer blends with NIR imaging spectroscopy (2009)

The detection of flame retardants is critical for the recycling of polymers. To investigate the possibility of reliable purefraction sorting, a sample set containing a wide range of relevant polymers and polymer blends containing various practically relevant flame-retardant additives was produced and investigated. NIR point spectra were acquired with an FTIR laboratory spectrometer and hyper-spectral NIR images were obtained using a spectrograph-based hyper-spectral imaging system. The laboratory spectrometer measurements were used to assign spectral features to the corresponding chemical compounds and derive a chemometric model that can be used to detect flame-retardant additives. The hyperspectral NIR images were used to adapt the chemometric model to the spectral features present in the hyper-spectral image data for the real-time detection.
Active Antennas (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are An Introduction to Active Antennas Some Quantitative Discussion of Aspects of Active Antennas Applications of and Prospects for Active Antennas
Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy and Temperature-Programmed Techniques as Tools for Structural Characterization of Cu in CuMgAlO<sub><i>x</i></sub>Mixed Metal Oxides (2012)

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy was used in combination with temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) methods to provide information about the Cu structure in CuMgAlOx mixed oxides. UV–vis spectra revealed the presence of highly dispersed, isolated and oligomeric, CuO species in a distorted octahedral environment. From these spectra, optical absorption edge energies were determined and correlated with the number of nearest CuO neighbors (a measure of CuO domain size) and Cu content in the mixed oxides. Increasing the Cu content from 4 to 21 at. % increased the number of nearest CuO neighbors in oligomeric CuO from about 2 to 4 and produced materials that were more easily reducible, as inferred from TPR of untreated and N2O-passivated CuMgAlOx. A further increase in Cu content to 38 at. % increased the number of nearest CuO neighbors to 4.5 but resulted in a decrease of reducibility because of the evolution of an amorphous CuO phase in the bulk of the mixed oxides. This work represents the first demonstration of combining UV–vis spectroscopy with TPR of untreated and N2O-passivated CuMgAlOx as a relatively simple and inexpensive methodology for in-depth structural characterization of Cu in mixed metal oxides from which the composition, domain size, and relative fraction of total (surface + bulk) and surface oligomeric CuO species can be determined. A methodology that allows assessment of the extent of CuO bulk enrichment in CuMgAlOx materials is also presented.
Quality of Trilateration: Confidence Based Iterative Localization (2008)

The proliferation of wireless and mobile devices has fostered the demand of context aware applications. Location is one of the most significant contexts. Multilateration, as a basic building block of localization, however, have not yet overcome the challenges of (1) poor ranging measurement; (2) dynamic and noisy environments; (3) fluctuations in wireless communications. Hence, they often suffer poor accuracy and can hardly be employed in practical applications. In this study, we propose quality of trilateration (QoT) that quantifies the geometric relationship of objects and the ranging noise. Based on QoT, we design a confidence based iterative localization scheme, in which nodes dynamically select trilaterations with the highest quality for localization. To validate this design, a wireless sensor network prototype is deployed and results show that QoT well represents trilateration accuracy, and the proposed scheme significantly improve localization performances.
O ESTADO ATUAL DA SOCIOLOGIA: algumas observações face ao próximo Congresso ALAS (2010)

O autor faz a crítica à sociologia a partir da abordagem antiutilitarista. O autor questiona sua utilidade atual visto que esta disciplina conhece várias rupturas em termos de sua abrangência disciplinar e teórica que limitam perigosamente seu interesse prático. Para ele, essas rupturas se dão em três níveis: entre teoria e empiria, entre escolas rivais e entre disciplinas. Ele ainda propõe uma quarta ruptura, aquela gerada por sua indiferença com relação aos dois grandes debates teóricos da atualidade: reconhecimento e cuidado. Propõe então que se a sociologia quiser sobreviver terá de se abrir para as novas discussões como a dos postcolonial studies e subaltern studies, e também a dos gender studies e care studies, e aquelas teorias de importante dimensão moral como as do reconhecimento e do dom. Palavras-chave: Sociologia. Antiutilitarismo. Estudos pós-coloniais.
Sensing with optical vortices in photonic-crystal fibers (2012)

We demonstrate optical polarization vortex generation in a photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) by means of a CO(2) laser-induced long period grating. Vortices are a special subclass of fiber modes that result in polarization-insensitive resonances even when grating perturbations are asymmetric, as is the case with structural perturbations in single-material PCFs. The physics of vortex generation, combined with the use of structural perturbations alone, in single-material fibers, opens up a new schematic for realizing harsh-environment sensors. We show that the temperature and polarization stability of our vortex devices is maintained for prolonged periods of time (tested up to 34 h) at temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. We envisage that this demonstration opens up a new way of realizing high-temperature sensors in a cost-effective manner.
Computational Method to Predict Esophageal Temperature Elevations During Pulmonary Vein Isolation (2010)

A thermal probe placed in the esophagus provides real-time T° monitoring and anatomic localization. A T° rise is more likely during ablation of left PVs and during RF deliveries within 24 mm of the esophageal thermal probe.
Dothideomycete–Plant Interactions Illuminated by Genome Sequencing and EST Analysis of the Wheat Pathogen <i>Stagonospora nodorum</i> (2007)

Stagonospora nodorum is a major necrotrophic fungal pathogen of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and a member of the Dothideomycetes, a large fungal taxon that includes many important plant pathogens affecting all major crop plant families. Here, we report the acquisition and initial analysis of a draft genome sequence for this fungus. The assembly comprises 37,164,227 bp of nuclear DNA contained in 107 scaffolds. The circular mitochondrial genome comprises 49,761 bp encoding 46 genes, including four that are intron encoded. The nuclear genome assembly contains 26 classes of repetitive DNA, comprising 4.5% of the genome. Some of the repeats show evidence of repeat-induced point mutations consistent with a frequent sexual cycle. ESTs and gene prediction models support a minimum of 10,762 nuclear genes. Extensive orthology was found between the polyketide synthase family in S. nodorum and Cochliobolus heterostrophus, suggesting an ancient origin and conserved functions for these genes. A striking feature of the gene catalog was the large number of genes predicted to encode secreted proteins; the majority has no meaningful similarity to any other known genes. It is likely that genes for host-specific toxins, in addition to ToxA, will be found among this group. ESTs obtained from axenic mycelium grown on oleate (chosen to mimic early infection) and late-stage lesions sporulating on wheat leaves were obtained. Statistical analysis shows that transcripts encoding proteins involved in protein synthesis and in the production of extracellular proteases, cellulases, and xylanases predominate in the infection library. This suggests that the fungus is dependant on the degradation of wheat macromolecular constituents to provide the carbon skeletons and energy for the synthesis of proteins and other components destined for the developing pycnidiospores.
Fingerprint image enhancement using STFT analysis (2005)

Abstract. Contrary to popular belief, despite decades of research in fingerprints, reliable fingerprint recognition is still an open problem. Extracting features out of poor quality prints is the most challenging problem faced in this area. This paper introduces a new approach for fingerprint enhancement based on Short Time Fourier Transform(STFT) Analysis. STFT is a well known technique in signal processing to analyze non-stationary signals. Here we extend its application to 2D fingerprint images.The algorithm simultaneously estimates all the intrinsic properties of the fingerprints such as the foreground region mask, local ridge orientation and local frequency orientation. We have evaluated the algorithm over a set of 800 images from FVC2002 DB3 database and obtained a 17 % relative improvement in the recognition rate. 1