gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanism of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production in 1→3-β-Glucan (Zymosan)-activated Macrophages (2001)

The molecular details of 1-->3-beta-glucans, a fungal cell wall component, induced inflammatory responses are not well understood. In the present study, we conducted a systematic analysis of the molecular events leading to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production after glucan stimulation of macrophages. We demonstrated that activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is essential in zymosan A (a source of 1-->3-beta-glucans)-induced TNF-alpha production in macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). Zymosan A-induced TNF-alpha protein production was associated with an increase in the TNF-alpha gene promoter activity. Activation of the TNF-alpha gene promoter was dependent on activation of NF-kappaB. Time course studies indicated that DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB preceded TNF-alpha promoter activity. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation led to a dramatic reduction in both TNF-alpha promoter activity and TNF-alpha protein production in the response to zymosan A. Mutation of a major NF-kappaB binding site (kappa3) in the gene promoter resulted in a significant decrease in the induction of the gene promoter by zymosan A, while mutation of Egr or CRE sites failed to inhibit the response to zymosan. Together, these results strongly suggest that NF-kappaB is involved in signal transduction of 1-->3-beta-glucans-induced TNF-alpha expression.
Elasticity of Semiflexible Biopolymer Networks (1995)

We develop a model for cross-linked gels and sterically entangled solutions of semiflexible biopolymers such as F-actin. Such networks play a crucial structural role in the cytoskeleton of cells. We show that the rheologic properties of these networks can result from nonclassical rubber elasticity. This model can explain a number of elastic properties of such networks in vitro, including the concentration dependence of the storage modulus and yield strain.
Butyllithium cubane tetramers linked by Li-TMEDA-Li bridges in an infinite, zig-zag chain arrangement: first crystallographic study of a simple butyl compound of an early main group element (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTButyllithium cubane tetramers linked by Li-TMEDA-Li bridges in an infinite, zig-zag chain arrangement: first crystallographic study of a simple butyl compound of an early main group elementNicholas D. R. Barnett, Robert E. Mulvey, William Clegg, and Paul A. O'NeilCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4, 1573–1574Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00057a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00057a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 in the effect of osmotic pressure on myocardial contractility in rat. (2008)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of osmotic pressure on myocardial contractility and the possible mechanism. Electrical stimulation was used to excite papillary muscles of the left ventricle of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The contractilities of myocardium in hyposmotic, isosmotic, and hyperosmotic perfusates were recorded. The influences of agonist and antagonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) on the contractility of myocardium under hyposmotic, isosmotic and hyperosmotic conditions were observed. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with that under isosmotic condition (310 mOsm/L), the myocardial contractility was increased by 11.5%, 21.5% and 25.0% (P<0.05) under hyposmotic conditions when the osmotic pressure was at 290, 270 and 230 mOsm/L, respectively; and was decreased by 16.0%, 23.7% and 55.2% (P<0.05) under hyperosmotic conditions when the osmotic pressure was at 350, 370 and 390 mOsm/L, respectively. (2) When ruthenium red (RR), an antagonist of TRPV4, was added to the hyposmotic perfusate (270 mOsm/L), the positive inotropic effect of hyposmia was restrained by 36% (P<0.01); and when RR was added to the hyperosmotic perfusate (390 mOsm/L), the inhibitory effect of hyperosmia on myocardial contractility was increased by 56.1% (P<0.01). (3) When 4-α-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD), an agonist of TRPV4, was added to the isosmotic perfusate (310 mOsm/L), the myocardial contractility did not change; and when 4α-PDD was added to the hyperosmotic perfusate (390 mOsm/L), the inhibition of myocardial contractility by hyperosmia was increased by 27.1% (P<0.01). These results obtained indicate that TRPV4 is possibly involved in the osmotic pressure-induced inotropic effect.
Streamlet (2020)

In the past five years or so, numerous blockchain projects have made tremendous progress towards improving permissioned consensus protocols (partly due to their promised applications in Proof-of-Stake cryptocurrencies). Although a significant leap has silently taken place in our understanding of consensus protocols, it is rather difficult to navigate this body of work, and knowledge of the new techniques appears scattered.
Massive MIMO Channel Measurements and Simulations at 3.7 GHz in Outdoor Environment (2019)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is considered as one of the building blocks of 5G. This technology offers higher capacity, faster speed and improved spectral and energy efficiency. In this paper, we investigate massive MIMO propagation channel performances in real propagation environment. Therefore, channel measurements were carried out at 3.7 GHz using a uniform planar array (UPA) with 64 elements as a receiver and a patch array made of 8 elements PIFA as a transmitter. Both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions were investigated in this campaign. Additionally, simulations using Orange ray-based 3D propagation model termed as Starlight were conducted. The objective is to characterize both measured and simulated Massive MIMO channels and optimize this propagation model to ensure agreement between simulations and measurements.
PHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATION (2007)

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Glucocorticoid Efficacy in Asthma is Improved Tissue Remodeling Upstream of Anti-Inflammation (2010)

Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs), such as prednisone, are among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide and are used to treat many acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. The current paradigm of GC efficacy is that they are potent anti-inflammatory agents. Decreased inflammation in many disorders is thought to lead to decreased pathological tissue remodeling. However, this model has never been validated. In particular, improvements in inflammation have not been shown to improve the rate of lung function decline in asthma. Herein, we present an alternative paradigm, where GC efficacy is mediated through more successful tissue remodeling, with reduction in inflammation secondary to successful regeneration.
The Effects of Freeze-Drying and Rehydration on Cancellous Bone (1993)

Processing technique significantly affects the strength and stiffness of bone for use as a structural alloimplant in reconstructive surgery. The effects of the rehydration of freeze-dried human cancellous bone were studied using 14-mm-diameter cancellous dowels taken from matched cadaveric sites. Three different methods of rehydration were evaluated and compared with unrehydrated freeze-dried and frozen grafts. All samples were biomechanically tested in anatomically matched pair groups to determine compressive strength and stiffness. The strength of each tested graft was expressed as a percentage of its matched pair control. Freeze-dried grafts rehydrated for 24 hours compared with frozen grafts showed no significant difference in mean compressive strength (92.6% +/- 13.3% of control). Analysis of in vacuo versus ex vacuo rehydration at one hour showed a 38% greater mean compressive strength and a 42% greater mean stiffness for the ex vacuo group. Unrehydrated grafts appeared to be both stronger and stiffer than their rehydrated counterparts. These results suggest that the rehydration of freeze-dried grafts may adversely affect graft strength and stiffness. Rehydration under a negative pressure may proceed more rapidly than the process at atmospheric pressures. These findings limit the acceptability of freeze-dried grafts as structural implants.
Effect of bile salts and related compounds on isolated esophageal mucosa. (1980)

The effect of several potentially harmful agents in gastric juice and duodenal contents on esophageal mucosa was investigated in the presence or absence of luminal H+ using an in vitro technique. Isolated rabbit esophageal mucosae were incubated in an Ussing chamber, and during exposure to the test agents mucosal integrity was assessed by measurement of mucosal potential difference (PD), tissue electrical resistance (R), and when luminal acid was present, the tissue permeability to H+. At pH 3.5 taurocholate caused a marked decrease in the PD and R and a substantial increase in the rate of luminal H+ loss. This effect was dependent on the presence of luminal H+, since no changes were observed with taurocholate at pH 7.4. In contrast, two of the three deconjugated bile salts tested at pH 7.4, deoxycholate and chenodeoxycholate, caused a profound reduction in the PD and R, similar to that observed with taurocholate in the presence of H+. Pepsin in the presence of H+, lysolecithin to a lesser degree, and trypsin in the absence of H+ also adversely affected isolated esophageal mucosa, but the effects were less pronounced than those caused by bile salts. Our data suggest that different mechanisms are operative in the pathogenesis of acidic and alkaline reflux esophagitis. In the presence of gastric H+, pepsin, and conjugated bile salts are the substances responsible for the greatest injury. In contrast, when acid is absent, trypsin and especially deconjugated bile salts are more crucial pathogenetic factors.
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) as endogenous marker of renal function—a meta-analysis (2006)

Dosing of most drugs must be adapted in renal insufficiency, making accurate assessment of renal function essential in clinical medicine. Furthermore, even modest impairment of renal function has been recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor. The purpose of this analysis was to identify the role of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), the structural isomer of the cardiovascular risk marker asymmetric dimethylarginine, as an endogenous marker of renal function.Comprehensive searches of Medline and the Cochrane Library from 1970 to February 2006 were performed to identify studies that evaluated the correlation between SDMA and renal function. The search was augmented by scanning references of identified articles and reviews. The correlation coefficients (R) were recorded from each study for the values of 1/SDMA and clearance estimates and for SDMA and creatinine levels. The summary correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random-effects method.In 18 studies involving 2136 patients systemic SDMA concentrations correlated highly with inulin clearance [R = 0.85 (CI 0.76-0.91, P < 0.0001)], as well as with various clearance estimates combined [R = 0.77 (CI 0.65-0.85, P < 0.0001)] and serum creatinine [R = 0.75 (CI 0.46-089, P < 0.0001)].SDMA exhibits some properties of a reliable marker of renal function. Future studies have to clarify whether SDMA is indeed suited to improve diagnosis and eventually optimize care of patients.
Security Analysis and Improvement of a Secure and Distributed Reprogramming Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Wireless reprogramming in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is the process of propagating a new code image or relevant commands to sensor nodes. As a WSN is usually deployed in hostile environments, secure reprogramming is and will continue to be a major concern. While all existing insecure/secure reprogramming protocols are based on the centralized approach, it is important to support distributed reprogramming in which multiple authorized network users can simultaneously and directly reprogram sensor nodes without involving the base station. Very recently, a novel secure and distributed reprogramming protocol named SDRP has been proposed, which is the first work of its kind. However, in this paper, we identify an inherent design weakness in the user preprocessing phase of SDRP and demonstrate that it is vulnerable to an impersonation attack by which an adversary can easily impersonate any authorized user to carry out reprogramming. Subsequently, we propose a simple modification to fix the identified security problem without losing any features of SDRP. Our experimental results demonstrate that it is possible to eliminate the design weakness by adding 1-B redundant data and that the execution time of the suggested solution in a 1.6-GHz laptop PC is no more than 1 ms. Therefore, our solution is feasible and secure for real-world applications. Moreover, we show that, in order to further improve the security and efficiency of SDRP, any better established identity-based signature algorithm can be directly employed in SDRP. Based on implementation results, we demonstrate efficiency improvement over the original SDRP.
Variation in Body Weight, Lipid Profile and Selected Reproduction Hormones in Rats Given Psidium guajava Leaves from Crude Oil Polluted and Non-Crude Oil Polluted Areas (2019)

Variation in body weight, lipid profile and selected reproduction hormones in rats given Psidium guajava leaf samples from crude oil polluted and non-crude oil polluted areas was evaluated. Thirty-six albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 90-120 g were divided into three major groups of I-III, with each group having two subgroups designated “a” and “b”. Each of the subgroup housed six rats and they were given different concentrations of the compounded feed of the leaf samples. Rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area had significantly (p<0.05) increased weight when compared to rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area. Triglyceride, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly (p<0.05) in rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area against rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. Atherogenic indices of rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area showed increased risk to cardiovascular diseases when compared to rat groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. The evaluated reproductive hormones increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats placed on P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area against those groups placed on P. guajava leaf sample from non-crude oil polluted area. The constituents of P. guajava leaf sample from crude oil polluted area could be behind the observed risk while the increase in hormones could be linked to increased cholesterol in rats groups placed on the leaf sample from crude oil polluted area. There is to sensitise those in the act of herbalism to be aware of where they harvest the plants they use as raw materials. This study has shown the variation in body weight, lipid profile and selected reproduction hormones in rats given P. guajava leaves from crude oil polluted and non-crude oil polluted areas.
Tacrine for Treating Alzheimer's Disease (1992)

Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine, THA) was first available in Australia in the mid 1940s when it was used with morphine to lessen respiratory depression without affecting analgesia.<sup>1</sup>Its anticholinesterase activity eventually led to clinical trials in patients with presumptive Alzheimer's disease (AD), but these pilot studies demonstrated only modest efficacy using tacrine alone<sup>2</sup>or in combination with lecithin.<sup>3</sup>Consistent findings of a cholinergic deficit in AD make such cholinergic manipulation a theoretically attractive palliative treatment. Trials of other cholinomimetics, however, had shown at best modest results and often practical limitations—eg, choline causes a fishy skin odor and the 30-minute half-life of physostigmine is too brief for lasting clinical effects. See also p 2523. Scientific and public interest, as well as controversy, exploded in 1986 when Summers and colleagues<sup>4</sup>reported dramatic results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tacrine in 17 patients with apparent clinical diagnoses of AD. One
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a whole‐arm translocation involving chromosomes 18 and 20 with α‐satellite DNA probes: Detection of a centromeric DNA break? (1992)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with alpha-satellite DNA probes was used to study whole-arm chromosome translocation products in a family in which the propositus was shown to have a monosomy 18p/trisomy 20p imbalance. By this approach, we show that the chromosome 18 alpha-satellite DNA block is split into 2 smaller units, whereas the chromosome 20 breakpoint is not included within the alpha-satellite DNA region. We found no evidence to suggest that this split alpha-satellite DNA region has reduced or impaired the function of the centromere or that it contributed to the phenotype of the propositus. The FISH technique critically demonstrated the involvement of a whole-arm translocation in this case and provided accurate identification of breakpoints, which was not possible with standard banding techniques.
The Cullin 4A/B-DDB1-Cereblon E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex Mediates the Degradation of CLC-1 Chloride Channels (2015)

Voltage-gated CLC-1 chloride channels play a critical role in controlling the membrane excitability of skeletal muscles. Mutations in human CLC-1 channels have been linked to the hereditary muscle disorder myotonia congenita. We have previously demonstrated that disease-associated CLC-1 A531V mutant protein may fail to pass the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system and display enhanced protein degradation as well as defective membrane trafficking. Currently the molecular basis of protein degradation for CLC-1 channels is virtually unknown. Here we aim to identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase of CLC-1 channels. The protein abundance of CLC-1 was notably enhanced in the presence of MLN4924, a specific inhibitor of cullin-RING E3 ligases. Subsequent investigation with dominant-negative constructs against specific subtypes of cullin-RING E3 ligases suggested that CLC-1 seemed to serve as the substrate for cullin 4A (CUL4A) and 4B (CUL4B). Biochemical examinations further indicated that CUL4A/B, damage-specific DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), and cereblon (CRBN) appeared to co-exist in the same protein complex with CLC-1. Moreover, suppression of CUL4A/B E3 ligase activity significantly enhanced the functional expression of the A531V mutant. Our data are consistent with the idea that the CUL4A/B-DDB1-CRBN complex catalyses the polyubiquitination and thus controls the degradation of CLC-1 channels.
Dynamic color quantization of video sequences (1995)

We present an efficient algorithm for dynamic adaptive color quantization of 24 bit image (video) sequences, important in multimedia applications. Besides producing hi fidelity 8 bit imagery, our algorithm runs with minimal computational cost and the generated colormaps are robust to small differences in consecutive images. Apart from the two standard color quantization tasks, colormap design and quantizer mapping, our algorithm includes colormap filling-an operation unique to dynamic color quantization. This task solves the problem of screen flicker, a serious problem in dynamic quantization of image sequences, resulting from rapid changes in display of colormaps. Our solution is based on two ideas: including in the current colormap a small set of color representatives from the previous image; assigning representatives to the colormap entries in an order that reduces the difference between contents of equal entries in consecutive colormaps. Our algorithm runs in near real time on medium range workstations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ICESAT/GLAS Altimetry Measurements: Received Signal Dynamic Range and Saturation Correction (2017)

NASA's Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), which operated between 2003 and 2009, made the first satellite-based global lidar measurement of Earth's ice sheet elevations, sea-ice thickness and vegetation canopy structure. The primary instrument on ICESat was the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), which measured the distance from the spacecraft to Earth's surface via the roundtrip travel time of individual laser pulses. GLAS utilized pulsed lasers and a direct detection receiver consisting of a silicon avalanche photodiode (Si APD) and a waveform digitizer. Early in the mission, the peak power of the received signal from snow and ice surfaces was found to span a wider dynamic range than planned, often exceeding the linear dynamic range of the GLAS 1064-nm detector assembly. The resulting saturation of the receiver distorted the recorded signal and resulted in range biases as large as ~50 cm for ice and snow-covered surfaces. We developed a correction for this "saturation range bias" based on laboratory tests using a spare flight detector, and refined the correction by comparing GLAS elevation estimates to those derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys over the calibration site at the salar de Uyuni, Bolivia. Applying the saturation correction largely eliminated the range bias due to receiver saturation for affected ICESat measurements over Uyuni and significantly reduced the discrepancies at orbit crossovers located on flat regions of the Antarctic ice sheet.