gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Picture of Water Droplet Evaporation in Air (2012)

The study of droplet evaporation is applied to many and varied fields: the present approach is oriented to sprinkler irrigation. This paper examines a parametric study on the evaporation in air of a single droplet, with the aim of highlighting the influence of each parameter alone on the evaporative process. Four parameters are investigated:air temperature, droplet initial velocity, droplet initial diameter, diffusion coefficient of vapour in air. Droplet evaporation is studied through numerical-CFD simulation employing STAR-CCM+ version 5.04.012 software, which treats the evaporative phenomenon hypothesizing quasi-steady conditions, given the interface low liquid-gas vapour concentration gradients. The results are provided as time- and space-dependent in-percentage evaporation rates, the latter ones after defining a specific distance, from the injection point, to be covered. Apart from a qualitatively predictable effect of air temperature and diffusion coefficient of vapour in air, droplet initial velocity and above all droplet initial diameter prove not at all to be negligible when managing an irrigation process, the latter being inversely proportional to droplet mass evaporation. These results prove that droplet evaporation is a complicate fluid dynamic effect and cannot be simply regarded as a diffusive process. The final discussion provides some practical remarks useful to irrigation operators.
Independent CD28 signaling via VAV and SLP‐76: a model for <i>in trans</i> costimulation (2003)

The two-signal theory of T-cell activation dictates that optimal T-cell responses are determined by a least two signals, the primary signal provided by the antigen-receptor complex (TCR/CD3) and the second signal provided by a costimulatory receptor. Recent studies have underlined the importance of in trans costimulation via CD28 in the regulation of transplant rejection. Previous studies have emphasized the ability of CD28 to operate in cis in the amplification of signaling through the T-cell receptor (TCR). Our recent work has demonstrated that CD28 can activate the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) and can cooperate with adapters Vav and SLP-76 to influence the induction of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 transcription in the absence of TCR ligation. CD28-PI-3K binding and CD28-VAV/SLP-76 cooperativity provide a pathway to account for in trans costimulation in T-cell immunity.
Oxygen desorption kinetics of ZnO nanorod–gated AlGaN/GaN HEMT-based UV photodetectors (2018)

In this study, we investigated the effect of gate length and surface area of the ZnO ultraviolet (UV) absorbing structure on the transient characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMT based UV photodetectors. The gate-areas (2, 6 and 18 μm lengths with same width of 100 μm) of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are covered with ZnO thin film and nanorods (NR) separately. The fabricated devices show enhancement in response speed with the reduction of gate length or the increase of ZnO surface area. The best response speed of ∼10 ms response time and ∼190 ms recovery time is measured from the NR-gated device with a gate length of 2 μm. A model for the oxygen desorption kinetics is proposed for the first time which theoretically shows that the response speed is dependent on two key parameters; light absorbing surface area and gate length. From our model analysis, it is shown that predicted response time is a strong function of these two device parameters, and the calculations show a good agreement with the experimental measurements.
Modeling, Preparation, and Elemental Doping of Li7La3Zr2O12 Garnet-Type Solid Electrolytes: A Review (2019)

Recently, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted increasing interest owing to their higher energy density and safety. As the core material of ASSBs, the characteristics of the solid electrolyte largely determine the performance of the battery. Thus far, a variety of inorganic solid electrolytes have been studied, including the NASICON-type, LISICON-type, perovskite-type, garnet-type, glassy solid electrolyte, and so on. The garnet Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte is one of the most promising candidates because of its excellent comprehensively electrochemical performance. Both, experiments and theoretical calculations, show that cubic LLZO has high room-temperature ionic conductivity and good chemical stability while contacting with the lithium anode and most of the cathode materials. In this paper, the crystal structure, Li-ion transport mechanism, preparation method, and element doping of LLZO are introduced in detail based on the research progress in recent years. Then, the development prospects and challenges of LLZO as applied to ASSBs are discussed.
Finding Fibre Channel over TCP/IP (FCIP) Entities Using Service Location Protocol version 2 (SLPv2) (2004)

This document defines the use of Service Location Protocol version 2
(SLPv2) by Fibre Channel over TCP/IP (FCIP) Entities. [STANDARDS-
TRACK]
Feasibility of online IMPT adaptation using fast, automatic and robust dose restoration (2018)

Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) offers excellent dose conformity and healthy tissue sparing, but it can be substantially compromised in the presence of anatomical changes. A major dosimetric effect is caused by density changes, which alter the planned proton range in the patient. Three different methods, which automatically restore an IMPT plan dose on a daily CT image were implemented and compared: (1) simple dose restoration (DR) using optimization objectives of the initial plan, (2) voxel-wise dose restoration (vDR), and (3) isodose volume dose restoration (iDR). Dose restorations were calculated for three different clinical cases, selected to test different capabilities of the restoration methods: large range adaptation, complex dose distributions and robust re-optimization. All dose restorations were obtained in less than 5 min, without manual adjustments of the optimization settings. The evaluation of initial plans on repeated CTs showed large dose distortions, which were substantially reduced after restoration. In general, all dose restoration methods improved DVH-based scores in propagated target volumes and OARs. Analysis of local dose differences showed that, although all dose restorations performed similarly in high dose regions, iDR restored the initial dose with higher precision and accuracy in the whole patient anatomy. Median dose errors decreased from 13.55 Gy in distorted plan to 9.75 Gy (vDR), 6.2 Gy (DR) and 4.3 Gy (iDR). High quality dose restoration is essential to minimize or eventually by-pass the physician approval of the restored plan, as long as dose stability can be assumed. Motion (as well as setup and range uncertainties) can be taken into account by including robust optimization in the dose restoration. Restoring clinically-approved dose distribution on repeated CTs does not require new ROI segmentation and is compatible with an online adaptive workflow.
Three dimensional wavelet based approach for a scalable video conference system (2003)

In this paper a video coder based on a spatiotemporal multiresolution pyramid generated by a 3D separable wavelet transform (WT) is presented. The aim of the proposed coding scheme is to provide an effective scalability of the user profile by organizing the full resolution encoded bit stream into substreams, one for each temporal layer of the pyramid, which are then partitioned into substreams at increasing spatial resolution. This allows to simultaneously distribute, at different time and space resolutions, the same video to multiple users accessing the videoconference services through channels of different capacity, without multiple encoding.
Clinical Aspects of Gastric Cancer and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>– Screening, Prevention, and Treatment (2010)

Gastric cancer still represents a global health care burden, and in the absence of strategies implemented for early detection, the disease continues to have a dismal prognosis. Patients presenting with clinical manifestations of gastric cancer have limited options for cure. Thus, early detection and prevention play a key role in the fight against gastric cancer. Serologic-based test methods have the potential to detect a subset of patients at high risk of gastric cancer that require a close clinical and endoscopic follow-up. More data have been produced to support Helicobacter pylori eradication as an efficient strategy to prevent gastric cancer. Treatment options for patients with an advanced disease are still limited, but the introduction of new agents opens a more optimistic perspective for the future.
The Defect Detection Using Human Visual System and Wavelet Transform in TFT-LCD Image (2007)

The thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT- LCD) image has non-uniform brightness, which is the major difficulty in finding the defect region called Mura. To facilitate Mura segmentation, globally widely varying background signal has to be flattened and Mura signal must be enlarged. In this paper, Mura signal magnification and background signal flattening method is proposed using wavelet coefficients processing and the properties of human visual system (HVS). The wavelet approximation coefficients are used for background signal flattening while wavelet detail coefficients are employed to magnify Mura signal based on adapted contrast sensitivity function (ACSF). For the enhanced image, tri-modal thresholding segmentation technique is used for finding dark and white Mura at the same time. For final reliable defect confirmation, false region elimination algorithms based on Weber's law are also proposed. By the experimental results of TFT-LCD image, the proposed algorithms can have promising results and can be applied to the real automated TFT-LCD inspection system.
Analyzing the evolution of eclipse plugins (2008)

Eclipse is a good example of a modern component-based complex system that is designed for long-term evolution, due to its architecture of reusable and extensible components. This paper presents our preliminary results about the evolution of Eclipse's architecture, based on a lightweight and scalable analysis of the metadata in Eclipse's sources. We find that the development of Eclipse follows a systematic process: most architectural changes take place in milestones, and maintenance releases only make exceptional changes to component dependencies. We also found a stable architectural core that remains since the first release.
Supply chain readiness, response and recovery for resilience (2016)

Purpose Despite the proliferation of supply chain risk management (SCRM) studies, a theoretically supported and empirically validated study on justifying the antecedents and measurement dimensions of supply chain resilience (SCRE) is rare. Therefore, drawing on extensive literature review, this study aims to explore and validate the antecedents and the measurement dimensions of SCRE. Design/methodology/approach This study uses positivist paradigm using quantitative method. However, it also uses qualitative approach in the form of field study to contextualize the research model. The quantitative study is conducted by operationalising a survey research. Partial least square-based structural equation modelling has been used to analyze the data. Findings Study results suggest that the psychometric properties of the SCRE dimensions, supply chain readiness, response and recovery, are reliable and valid. It also affirms that supply chain orientation (SCO), learning and development and supply chain risk management culture (SCRMC) significantly influence the SCRE. Further, SCRMC mediates the relationship between SCO and SCRE. Practical implications The findings of this study will assist the supply chain managers in taking decision on readiness capability development and reducing the decisional uncertainty during response and recovery. Originality/value Drawing on extensive extant literature on crisis management and supply chain management, this study develops and validates the measurement dimensions of SCRE in terms of readiness, response and recovery, as well as justifies the antecedent factors of SCRE, which is a novel attempt in SCRM literature.
Java & CORBA C/S プログラミング (1997)

第１部 ＣＯＲＢＡとＪａｖａの出会い 第２部 ＣＯＲＢＡとＪａｖａの核心 第３部 ＣＯＲＢＡの動的な機能 第４部 ＣＯＲＢＡとその競争相手たち 第５章 ＣＯＲＢＡの実際 第６部 ＪＤＢＣでの２階層と３階層の比較 第７部 グランドフィナーレ—ＣＯＲＢＡ・Ｊａｖａの地中海クラブ
Characteristics of Ka band waveguide using electromagnetic crystal sidewalls (2003)

Electromagnetic crystal structures have been used as sidewalls in special waveguides for the frequency range 30 to 40 GHz. They have the effect of substituting high impedance surfaces in place of the normal conducting metal sidewalls. The objectives in so doing are to obtain uniform electric field across the width of the waveguide and to force the wave in the guide to adopt the nature of a TEM wave. The measured insertion loss of Ka band waveguides is found to be low. The dependence of transmission phase on the center frequency of sidewall resonance has been measured and indicates that tunable sidewall resonance will provide simple and low loss phase shifting systems.
New medium for isolation of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii from dental plaque (1978)

Metronidazole (10 microgram/ml) and cadmium sulfate (20 microgram/ml) were added to a gelatin-based medium to select for microaerophilic Actinomyces species from dental plaque samples. The new medium (GMC), when incubated anaerobically, allowed 98% recovery of seven pure cultures of Actinomyces viscosus and 73% recovery of eight pure cultures of Actinomyces naeslundii, while suppressing 76% of the total count of other organisms in dental plaque samples. In 203 plaque samples, recoveries of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii on GMC and another selective medium for oral Actinomyces (CNAC-20) were compared. Recovery of A. viscosus was comparable on the two media. Recovery of A. naeslundii was significantly higher on GMC than CNAC-20 (P is less than 0.001), and GMC allowed a more characteristic cell morphology of both organisms. GMC medium appears to be useful for the isolation and presumptive identification of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii from dental plaque.
Regulatory RNAs controlling vascular (dys)function by affecting TGF-β family signalling (2015)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last few years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as master regulators of gene expression in cardiovascular biology and disease. miRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that usually bind to 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs and inhibit mRNA stability or translation of their target genes. miRNAs play a dynamic role in the pathophysiology of many CVDs through their effects on target mRNAs in vascular cells. Recently, numerous miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway which plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes, and is involved in pathogenesis of many diseases including CVD. This review gives an overview of current literature on the role of miRNAs targeting TGF-β/BMP signalling in vascular cells, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. We also provide insight into how this miRNA-mediated regulation of TGF-β/BMP signalling might be used to harness CVD.
Interferon-α and -β differentially regulate osteoclastogenesis: Role of differential induction of chemokine CXCL11 expression (2005)

In humans, type I interferon (IFN) is a family of 17 cytokines, among which the alpha subtypes and the beta subtype are differentially expressed. It has been suggested that IFN-beta activates a specific signaling cascade in addition to those activated by all type I IFNs. Nevertheless, no true biological relevance for a differential activity of alpha and beta IFN subtypes has been identified so far. Because type I IFNs are critical for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis in mice, we have compared the effect of IFN-alpha2 and IFN-beta on the differentiation of human monocytes into osteoclasts. Primary monocytes undergoing osteoclastic differentiation are highly and equally sensitive to both alpha2 and beta IFNs as determined by measuring the induction levels of several IFN-stimulated genes. However, IFN-beta was 100-fold more potent than the alpha2 subtype at inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Expression profiling of the genes differentially regulated by IFN-alpha2 and IFN-beta in this cellular system revealed the chemokine CXCL11 as the only IFN-induced gene differentially up-regulated by IFN-beta. We show that recombinant CXCL11 by itself inhibits osteoclastic differentiation. These results indicate that autocrine-acting CXCL11 mediates, at least in part, the regulations of osteoclastogenesis by type I IFNs.
Circulating follicular T helper cells and cytokine profile in humans following vaccination with the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine (2016)

The most recent Zaire Ebolavirus (ZEBOV) outbreak was the largest and most widespread in recorded history, emphasizing the need for an effective vaccine. Here, we analyzed human cellular immune responses induced by a single dose of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine candidate, which showed significant protective efficacy in endemic populations in Guinea. This is the first in-depth characterization of ZEBOV-GP specific, circulating follicular T cells (cTfh). Since antibody titers correlated with protection in preclinical models of ZEBOV infection, Tfh were predicted to correlate with protection. Indeed, the ZEBOV-specific cTfh data correlated with antibody titers in human vaccines and unexpectedly with the Tfh17 subset. The combination of two cutting edge technologies allowed the immuno-profiling of rare cell populations and may help elucidate correlates of protection for a variety of vaccines.
Protein oxidation and peroxidation (2016)

Proteins are major targets for radicals and two-electron oxidants in biological systems due to their abundance and high rate constants for reaction. With highly reactive radicals damage occurs at multiple side-chain and backbone sites. Less reactive species show greater selectivity with regard to the residues targeted and their spatial location. Modification can result in increased side-chain hydrophilicity, side-chain and backbone fragmentation, aggregation via covalent cross-linking or hydrophobic interactions, protein unfolding and altered conformation, altered interactions with biological partners and modified turnover. In the presence of O2, high yields of peroxyl radicals and peroxides (protein peroxidation) are formed; the latter account for up to 70% of the initial oxidant flux. Protein peroxides can oxidize both proteins and other targets. One-electron reduction results in additional radicals and chain reactions with alcohols and carbonyls as major products; the latter are commonly used markers of protein damage. Direct oxidation of cysteine (and less commonly) methionine residues is a major reaction; this is typically faster than with H2O2, and results in altered protein activity and function. Unlike H2O2, which is rapidly removed by protective enzymes, protein peroxides are only slowly removed, and catabolism is a major fate. Although turnover of modified proteins by proteasomal and lysosomal enzymes, and other proteases (e.g. mitochondrial Lon), can be efficient, protein hydroperoxides inhibit these pathways and this may contribute to the accumulation of modified proteins in cells. Available evidence supports an association between protein oxidation and multiple human pathologies, but whether this link is causal remains to be established.
Slow light through tightly coupled light waves and acoustic waves in nanoscale waveguides (2013)

We develop a general framework of evaluating slow-light performance using Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) in optical waveguides via the overlap integral between optical and elastic eigen-modes. We show that spatial symmetry of the optical force dictates the selection rules of the excitable elastic modes. By applying this method to a rectangular silicon waveguide, we demonstrate the spatial distributions of optical force and elastic eigen-modes jointly determine the magnitude and scaling of SBS gain coefficient in both forward and backward SBS processes. We further apply this method to inter-modal SBS process, and demonstrate that the coupling between distinct optical modes is necessary to excite elastic modes with all possible symmetries.
Activation of PKCβII by PMA Facilitates Enhanced Epithelial Wound Repair through Increased Cell Spreading and Migration (2013)

Rapid repair of epithelial wounds is essential for intestinal homeostasis, and involves cell proliferation and migration, which in turn are mediated by multiple cellular signaling events including PKC activation. PKC isoforms have been implicated in regulating cell proliferation and migration, however, the role of PKCs in intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) wound healing is still not completely understood. In the current work we used phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a well recognized agonist of classical and non-conventional PKC subfamilies to investigate the effect of PKC activation on IEC wound healing. We found that PMA treatment of wounded IEC monolayers resulted in 5.8±0.7-fold increase in wound closure after 24 hours. The PMA effect was specifically mediated by PKCβII, as its inhibition significantly diminished the PMA-induced increase in wound closure. Furthermore, we show that the PKCβII-mediated increase in IEC wound closure after PMA stimulation was mediated by increased cell spreading/cell migration but not proliferation. Cell migration was mediated by PKCβII dependent actin cytoskeleton reorganization, enhanced formation of lamellipodial extrusions at the leading edge and increased activation of the focal adhesion protein, paxillin. These findings support a role for PKCβII in IEC wound repair and further demonstrate the ability of epithelial cells to migrate as a sheet thereby efficiently covering denuded surfaces to recover the intestinal epithelial barrier.
Learning Lexicons From Speech Using a Pronunciation Mixture Model (2012)

In many ways, the lexicon remains the Achilles heel of modern automatic speech recognizers. Unlike stochastic acoustic and language models that learn the values of their parameters from training data, the baseform pronunciations of words in a recognizer's lexicon are typically specified manually, and do not change, unless they are edited by an expert. Our work presents a novel generative framework that uses speech data to learn stochastic lexicons, thereby taking a step towards alleviating the need for manual intervention and automatically learning high-quality pronunciations for words. We test our model on continuous speech in a weather information domain. In our experiments, we see significant improvements over a manually specified “expert-pronunciation” lexicon. We then analyze variations of the parameter settings used to achieve these gains.