gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Characteristics of a Compact Widely Tunable External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser (2008)

Daylight Solutions is developing broadly tunable, external cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCLs) for gas sensing instrumentation. Recent efforts at Daylight Solutions yielded the world's first miniature room temperature EC-QCLs comprising a 15 mm long optical cavity, miniature grating tuning mechanism and integrated current and temperature controls. The laser operates in the 4.5-10.5μm spectral region with a scanning range up to 100 cm-1. Spectral resolution is better than 1 cm-1 and scanning rate is faster than 1 second. In addition to the relative simplicity and ruggedness of the opto-mechanical design, the laser also features low power consumption, does not require precise current and temperature control, and operates at room temperature with convective cooling. The prototype QCL-based acetone sensor has shown a sensitivity of 100 ppb. In parallel, a continuously tunable CW broadly external cavity QCL laser prototype was developed. The CW laser performance was evaluated by recording ammonia spectrum.
MEMS piezoresistive ring resonator for AFM imaging with pico-Newton force resolution (2013)

A new concept of atomic force microscope (AFM) oscillating probes using electrostatic excitation and piezoresistive detection is presented. The probe is characterized by electrical methods in vacuum and by mechanical methods in air. A frequency-mixing measurement technique is developed to reduce the parasitic signal floor. The probe resonance frequencies are in the 1 MHz range and the quality factor is measured about 53 000 in vacuum and 3000 in air. The ring probe is mounted onto a commercial AFM set-up and topographic images of patterned sample surfaces are obtained. The force resolution deduced from the measurements is about 10 pN Hz−0.5.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 gK Is Required for gB-Mediated Virus-Induced Cell Fusion, While neither gB and gK nor gB and UL20p Function Redundantly in Virion De-Envelopment (2004)

Multiple amino acid changes within herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gB and gK cause extensive virus-induced cell fusion and the formation of multinucleated cells (syncytia). Early reports established that syncytial mutations in gK could not cause cell-to-cell fusion in the absence of gB. To investigate the interdependence of gB, gK, and UL20p in virus-induced cell fusion and virion de-envelopment from perinuclear spaces as well as to compare the ultrastructural phenotypes of the different mutant viruses in a syngeneic HSV-1 (F) genetic background, gB-null, gK-null, UL20-null, gB/gK double-null, and gB/UL20 double-null viruses were constructed with the HSV-1 (F) bacterial artificial chromosome pYEBac102. The gK/gB double-null virus YEbacDeltagBDeltagK was used to isolate the recombinant viruses gBsyn3DeltagK and gBamb1511DeltagK, which lack the gK gene and carry the gBsyn3 or gBamb1511 syncytial mutation, respectively. Both viruses formed small nonsyncytial plaques on noncomplementing Vero cells and large syncytial plaques on gK-complementing cells, indicating that gK expression was necessary for gBsyn3- and gBamb1511-induced cell fusion. Lack of virus-induced cell fusion was not due to defects in virion egress, since recombinant viruses specifying the gBsyn3 or gKsyn20 mutation in the UL19/UL20 double-null genetic background caused extensive cell fusion on UL20-complementing cells. As expected, the gB-null virus failed to produce infectious virus, but enveloped virion particles egressed efficiently out of infected cells. The gK-null and UL20-null viruses exhibited cytoplasmic defects in virion morphogenesis like those of the corresponding HSV-1 (KOS) mutant viruses. Similarly, the gB/gK double-null and gB/UL20 double-null viruses accumulated capsids in the cytoplasm, indicating that gB, gK, and UL20p do not function redundantly in membrane fusion during virion de-envelopment at the outer nuclear lamellae.
Planar waveguide integrated spatial filter array (2013)

An innovative integrated spatial filter array (iSFA) was developed for the nulling interferometer for the detection of earth-like planets and life beyond our solar system. The coherent iSFA comprised a 2D planar lightwave circuit (PLC) array coupled with a pair of 2D lenslet arrays in a hexagonal grid to achieve the optimum fill factor and throughput. The silica-on-silicon waveguide mode field diameter and numerical aperture (NA) were designed to match with the Airy disc and NA of the microlens for optimum coupling. The lenslet array was coated with a chromium pinhole array at the focal plane to pass the single-mode waveguide but attenuate the higher modes. We assembled a 32 by 30 array by stacking 32 chips that were produced by photolithography from a 6-in. silicon wafer. Each chip has 30 planar waveguides. The PLC array is inherently polarization-maintaining (PM) and requires much less alignment in contrast to a fiber array, where each PM fiber must be placed individually and oriented correctly. The PLC array offers better scalability than the fiber bundle array for large arrays of over 1,000 waveguides.
Measurement-only topological quantum computation via tunable interactions (2013)

I examine, in general, how tunable interactions may be used to perform anyonic teleportation and generate braiding transformations for non-Abelian anyons. I explain how these methods are encompassed by the ``measurement-only'' approach to topological quantum computation. The physically most relevant example of Ising anyons or Majorana zero modes is considered in detail, particularly in the context of Majorana nanowires.
Pressure and shear sensing based on microstrip antennas (2012)

A foot ulcer is the initiating factor in 85% of all diabetic amputations. Ulcer formation is believed to be contributed by both pressure and shear forces. There are commercially available instruments that can measure plantar pressure. However, instruments for plantar shear measurement are limited. In this paper, we investigate the application of antenna sensors for shear and pressure measurement. The principle of operation of both antenna sensors will be discussed first, followed by detailed descriptions on the antenna designs, sensor fabrication, experimental setup, procedure and results. Because the antenna sensors are small in size, can be wirelessly interrogated, and are frequency multiplexable, we plan to embed them in shoes for simultaneous mapping of plantar shear and pressure distributions in the future.
Advancing Low Temperature Molten Sodium Batteries By Interfacial Engineering of Ceramic Electrolytes (2020)

Molten sodium batteries show remarkable promise as large-scale energy storage systems, but their widespread deployment has been limited by high operating temperatures (~300°C), which impacts their lifetime, cost, and reliability. Lowering the battery operating temperature promises substantial improvements in these areas, but the lower temperature introduces new challenges to the battery chemistry, especially related to the solid state ion-conducting separators used in these batteries. Traditionally, the high temperature operation has been required to not only maintain high Na + -ion conductivity of solid electrolytes, such as β”-Al 2 O 3 or NaSICON, but also to improve the liquid-solid interfacial wetting of molten sodium on the solid electrolyte. We are focused on drastically reducing the operating temperature to near the melting temperature of sodium (97.8 o C), which leads to poor interfacial wetting of the molten sodium. Poor wetting and ineffective charge transfer can dominate battery resistances resulting in a cell-limiting interface. Here, we will describe the rational design of engineered coatings to improve wetting of the molten sodium on NaSICON at low temperatures near 100°C, and therefore improve charge transfer across this critical interface. Enhanced mating of the separator-sodium interface by means of engineered coatings is demonstrated to result in lower interfacial resistance and higher battery performance at increased current densities. This strategy promises substantial advances in the operation of molten sodium batteries at low temperatures and opportunities to expand the utility of these batteries to meet emerging grid-scale needs. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
Parallel MMS gigapixel imagers (2017)

We present a new architecture for monocentric multiscale (MMS) gigapixel imagers. This new architecture parallels multiple MMS imagers together to interleave a continuous wide field-of-view (FOV) coverage, resulting in a more compact system layout.
General Route to Vertical ZnO Nanowire Arrays Using Textured ZnO Seeds (2005)

A method for growing vertical ZnO nanowire arrays on arbitrary substrates using either gas-phase or solution-phase approaches is presented. A approximately 10 nm-thick layer of textured ZnO nanocrystals with their c axes normal to the substrate is formed by the decomposition of zinc acetate at 200-350 degrees C to provide nucleation sites for vertical nanowire growth. The nanorod arrays made in solution have a rod diameter, length, density, and orientation desirable for use in ordered nanorod-polymer solar cells.
Advances in metal–organic framework-based membranes (2022)

Membrane-based separations have garnered considerable attention owing to their high energy efficiency, low capital cost, small carbon footprint, and continuous operation mode. As a class of highly porous crystalline materials with well-defined pore systems and rich chemical functionalities, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated great potential as promising membrane materials over the past few years. Different types of MOF-based membranes, including polycrystalline membranes, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), and nanosheet-based membranes, have been developed for diversified applications with remarkable separation performances. In this comprehensive review, we first discuss the general classification of membranes and outline the historical development of MOF-based membranes. Subsequently, particular attention is devoted to design strategies for MOF-based membranes, along with detailed discussions on the latest advances on these membranes for various gas and liquid separation processes. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for the industrial implementation of these membranes are identified and outlined with the intent of providing insightful guidance on the design and fabrication of high-performance membranes in the future.
Building Personalized Trust: Discovering What Makes One Trust and Act on Facebook Posts (2021)

What makes one trust or distrust a post on Facebook? What makes one willing to take an action on the post, such as sharing it with friends, following its advice, or even making a donation for its cause? We hypothesize that personal factors in addition to the characteristics of a post would be associated with one's trust and willingness to take actions on the post. To test our hypothesis, we have examined the relationships between a wide variety of personal factors and how users perceived the credibility of a post on Facebook and their associated behavior—willingness to act on the post with the acceptance of potential risks. Our results from a study involving 400 participants reveal several new findings. Notably, beyond message properties, we have discovered that personal factors are significantly associated with how users perceived the credibility of Facebook posts. Not only do our findings extend prior work on studying the relationships between information properties and users' trust in Facebook posts, but they also indicate the potential of tailoring intended messages to an audience based on their personal factors for establishing desired trust. Moreover, we have found that a combination of personal factors is associated more with users' willingness to act on a post than their perceptions of credibility alone. This finding deepens the understanding of users' behavior on Facebook beyond learning their subjective perceptions. It also informs how to potentially tailor intended messages to an audience based on the audience's personal factors so that the audience can act on the messages beyond just perceiving the credibility of the messages. We also discuss the implications of our findings for building personalized trust between message authors and readers on Facebook and beyond.
Intensity-Modulated Advanced X-Ray Source (IMAXS) for Homeland Security Applications (2009)

X-ray cargo inspection systems for the detection and verification of threats and contraband must address competing performance requirements. In addition to high X-ray energy, high X-ray intensity is needed to penetrate dense cargo, while low intensity is desirable to minimize the radiation footprint, i.e. the size of the controlled area, required shielding and the dose to personnel. We report here on a collaborative effort between HESCO/PTSE Inc., Schonberg Research Corporation and Rapiscan Laboratories, Inc. to design an Intensity-Modulated Advanced X-ray Source (IMAXS) that allows such cargo inspection systems to achieve up to two inches greater penetration capability, while on average retaining the same radiation footprint as present fixed-intensity sources. Alternatively, the new design can be used to obtain the same penetration capability as with conventional sources, but reducing the average radiation footprint by about a factor of three. The key idea is to anticipate the needed intensity for each X-ray pulse by evaluating signal strength in the cargo inspection system detector array for the previous pulse. Requirements therefore include an X-ray source capable of changing intensity from one pulse to the next by electronic signal, as well as electronics inside the cargo inspection system detector array determining the required source intensity for the next pulse. The feasibility of pulse-to-pulse intensity modulation of both S-band (2998 MHz) and X-band (9303 MHz) linac sources has been demonstrated.
Telomerase governs immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells by regulating <scp>FAS</scp> ligand expression (2014)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types and regulating immune cell response. However, the mechanisms that govern the immunomodulatory properties of BMMSCs are still not fully elucidated. Here we show that telomerase-deficient BMMSCs lose their capacity to inhibit T cells and ameliorate the disease phenotype in systemic sclerosis mice. Restoration of telomerase activity by telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) transfection in TERT(-/-) BMMSCs rescues their immunomodulatory functions. Mechanistically, we reveal that TERT, combined with β-catenin and BRG1, serves as a transcriptional complex, which binds the FAS ligand (FASL) promoter to upregulate FASL expression, leading to an elevated immunomodulatory function. To test the translational value of these findings in the context of potential clinical therapy, we used aspirin treatment to upregulate telomerase activity in BMMSCs, and found a significant improvement in the immunomodulatory capacity of BMMSCs. Taken together, these findings identify a previously unrecognized role of TERT in improving the immunomodulatory capacity of BMMSCs, suggesting that aspirin treatment is a practical approach to significantly reduce cell dosage in BMMSC-based immunotherapies.
Light-activated shape memory polymers and associated applications (2005)

Continuous product development and technology integration efforts using shape memory polymers (SMPs) have uncovered a need for faster response times. As with most smart materials, SMP responds to a specific stimulus. Traditionally SMP is triggered by thermal stimulus; increasing the temperature of the SMP above a Tg will transition the polymer from a glassy state to a rubbery state. The transition is reversible upon cooling below the Tg. It has been determined that many SMP applications can be significantly enhanced with non-thermal triggering. Non-thermal triggering eliminates the need for heating mechanisms and reduces cycle time. Furthermore, it has been found that with a faster response time many new applications become viable. Previous successful attempts have been made to improve response time of SMP by increasing its thermal conductivity with various thermally conductive additives1. However, thermal heating and cooling of polymers and composites of substantial thickness, thermally conductive or not, takes time. In an effort to facilitate system integration and increase the response time of SMP, researchers at Cornerstone Research Group, Inc. (CRG) have sought to eliminate the thermal dependency of SMP by developing light-activated shape memory polymer (LASMP). In this work, monomers which contain photo-crosslinkable groups in addition to the primary polymerizable groups were developed. These monomers were formulated and cured with other monomers to form LASMP. The mechanical properties of these materials, the kinetics, and the reversibility of the light-activated shape memory effect were studied. The near-, mid-, and far-term potential of this new material technology for system level applications is discussed.
[Alternative transcripts of the MHC of the non-classical class I HLA-G gene in the in trophoblast during the first pregnancy trimester and in the placenta at term]. (1995)

HLA-G, a non-classical class I gene, is located within the human major histocompatibility complex locus. It has a tissue-specific expression in trophoblast, where the products of HLA-A, -B and -C classical genes are absent. Therefore, the HLA-G gene may have a role during pregnancy in inducing protection of the semi-allogeneic fetus from recognition and destruction by maternal immune cells. The primary transcript of the HLA-G gene is alternatively spliced into 6 mRNA forms (HLA-G1 to HLA-G6), 2 of them may encode soluble forms of the HLA-G antigen (HLA-G5 and HLA-G6). In this work, by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique, we demonstrate that all transcripts are detected in similar amounts, both in the first and third trimester of gestation. These results are discussed in context of putative function of HLA-G antigen isoforms.
Ultra-high Q Whispering Gallery Mode Electro-optic Resonators on Silicon Chip (2016)

We show the ability of silicon photonics to overcome the long-standing challenge of efficient integrated coupling to ultra-high Q whispering-gallery-mode Lithium-Tantalate and Lithium-Niobate resonators. Coupling efficiency exceeding 90% with Q~45 millions is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Latent Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supramolecular Nanofibers of Peptide Amphiphiles for Medicine (2013)

Peptide nanostructures are an exciting class of supramolecular systems that can be designed for novel therapies with great potential in advanced medicine. This paper reviews progress on nanostructures based on peptide amphiphiles capable of forming one-dimensional assemblies that emulate in structure the nanofibers present in extracellular matrices. These systems are highly tunable using supramolecular chemistry, and can be designed to signal cells directly with bioactive peptides. Peptide amphiphile nanofibers can also be used to multiplex functions through co-assembly and designed to deliver proteins, nucleic acids, drugs, or cells. We illustrate here the functionality of these systems describing their use in regenerative medicine of bone, cartilage, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and other tissues. In addition, we highlight recent work on the use of peptide amphiphile assemblies to create hierarchical biomimetic structures with order beyond the nanoscale, and also discuss the future prospects of these supramolecular systems.
Miscibility in poly(vinyl chloride)/chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) blends, and blends of different chlorinated poly(vinyl chlorides) (1985)

Abstract Blends of poly(vinyl chloride) with chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and blends of different chlorinated poly(vinyl chlorides) (CPVC) provide an opportunity to examine systematically the effect that small changes in chemical structure have on polymer‐polymer miscibility. Phase diagrams of PVC/CPVC blends have been determined for CPVC's containing 62 to 38 percent chlorine. The characteristics of binary blends of CPVC's of different chlorine contents have also been examined using differential calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy. Their mutual solubility has been found to be very sensitive to their differences in mole percent CCl 2 groups and degree of chlorination. In metastable binary blends of CPVC's possessing single glass transition temperatures ( T g ) the rate of phase separation, as followed by DSC, was found to be relatively slow at temperatures 45 to 65° above the T g of the blend.
Velocity estimation using recursive ultrasound imaging and spatially encoded signals (2002)

Previously we have presented a recursive beamforming algorithm for synthetic transmit aperture focusing. At every emission a beamformed low-resolution image is added to an existing high-resolution one, and the low-resolution image from the previous emission with the current active element is subtracted yielding a new frame at every pulse emission. In this paper the method is extended to blood velocity estimation, where a new color flow mapping (CFM) image is created after every pulse emission. The underlying assumption is that the velocity is constant between two pulse emissions and the current estimates can therefore be used for compensation of the motion artifacts in the data acquired in the next emission. Two different transmit strategies are investigated in this paper: (a) using a single defocused active aperture in transmit, and (b) emitting with all active transmit sub-apertures at the same time using orthogonal spatial encoding signals. The method was applied on data recorded by an experimental system. The estimates of the blood velocity for both methods had a bias less than 3% and a standard deviation around 2% making them a feasible approach for blood velocity estimations.
Cloning of a Novel Putative Protein Kinase Having a Leucine Zipper Domain from Human Brain (1994)

We report a novel putative serine/threonine protein kinase containing a leucine-zipper domain, isolated from an human neuronal cell line. The teratocarcinoma cell line NT2 was differentiated to postmitotic NT2-N neurons by treatment with retinoic acid, and degenerate oligonucleotide primers to the catalytic domains of protein kinases were employed to PCR amplify subtractive cDNAs. We identified a clone, represented at higher abundance in NT2-N neurons than in the parental cell line, which encodes a putative serine/threonine kinase of 859 [corrected] amino acids, the leucine-zipper protein kinase (zpk). Zpk protein contains a leucine-zipper domain, found in many DNA-binding proteins, but few protein kinases. Steady-state mRNA levels for zpk are high in human brain and kidney. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of zpk in neuronal differentiation.