gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The application of flip chip bonding technology using anisotropic conductive film to the mobile communications terminals (2002)

In the field of mobile communications systems, the terminals have been downsized and given higher functions very rapidly. High-density surface mount technology is therefore required. For this reason, flip chip bonding (FCB) technology, which is the ultimate high-density surface mount technology at present, has been developed in Toshiba's Hino Works. This technology has been developed by using gold ball bumps and anisotropic conductive film (ACF). Bondability and reliability after FCB and after reflow soldering had already been confirmed for experimental materials. As the next items in the development, bondability and reliability after reflow soldering as well as after FCB were confirmed on the products. Also, the bonding process for the products was established. Moreover, mass production technology using the FCB method has been developed with fully automatic bonding machines and applied to the LCD module for a pager, which is one of the mobile communications terminals.
Adaptive facial expression recognition method based on MBP and HMOG feature (2014)

Because of the limitation of Monogenic waves' extraction from expression texture, this thesis proposes an adaptive facial expression feature fusion method based on MBP (monogenic binary pattern) and Histogram of HMOG (monogenic orientated gradients). To begin with our method, we get information of orientation, phase and magnitude component from filtered image by monogenic waves, besides, extract and fuse texture information from orientation and magnitude component to recognize facial expression. However single texture feature have some inadequacies for facial expression recognition. First of all, this paper describes a new kind of HMOG feature inspired by thoughts of HOG (histogram of oriented gradients) to indicate shape information of facial image. Secondly, acquiring best adaptive weights of expression block through information entropy. Finally, we classify the expression image using Nearest Neighbor to get the final result of effect of proposed method. In order to verify the efficiency of the methods above, we do a large number of experiments and it turns out our methods have great ability to explain expression feature.
Electronic phase transition between localized and itinerant states in the solid-solution system <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>CaCu</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ti</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ru</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2017)

A solid solution between ${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{4\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ end members was first synthesized using a high-pressure technique. The residual magnetization at 2 K sharply changes at $2\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}3$, and a spin-glass-like phase suddenly disappears at $x=2.5$, suggesting a first-order electronic phase transition. The magnetic susceptibility shows a strong dependence on the temperature for $x\ensuremath{\le}1$ and a weak dependence for $x\ensuremath{\ge}3$. At an intermediate value of $x$, the weak dependence at high temperatures changes to a strong dependence at low temperatures. The electrical resistivity shows variable-range-hopping-type behavior for $x\ensuremath{\le}1$ and metallic behavior for $x\ensuremath{\ge}3.5$, changing from the latter to the former at ${T}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}\ensuremath{\sim}150$, 8.5, and 3.5 K for $x=2.0$, 2.5, and 3.0, respectively. An electronic phase diagram based on these results is similar to that for an organic system showing a Mott transition and to a theoretical diagram for the Mott transition. Considering electronic band structure calculations, the local magnetic moments at the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ squares of the Ti compound become itinerant with increasing Ru content by means of a first-order phase transition, suggesting that the transition can be regarded as a Mott transition. The Mott transition is unique in that the atomic orbitals of the Ru cations play an important role in the increased hopping amplitude of the electrons/holes of the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ molecularlike orbitals.
Characterization of an HIV-Targeted Transcriptional Gene-Silencing RNA in Primary Cells (2011)

Small antisense RNAs targeted to the HIV-1 promoter have been shown to remodel the surrounding chromatin to a state unfavorable for transcriptional activation, yet transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) of HIV-1 has, to date, not been shown in primary human cells. We demonstrate here that TGS can reduce viral transcription in primary human CD4(+) T cells; however, increasing viral burden results in the loss of this antiviral effect. This observation suggests a critical level at which viral RNA can dilute out effective targeting by TGS-based RNAs. Furthermore, studies into off-target effects have identified a potential interaction between the small nucleolar RNA pathway and the TGS-based antisense RNA, resulting in activation of p53. Although not overtly toxic to primary cells, this represents a novel interaction between antisense RNAs and a cellular pathway that should be considered when pursuing small antisense RNA-based therapeutics.
Making chips to probe genes (2001)

In this paper, the author describes how biochips are now a critical tool for analyzing the human genome-and a lucrative product attracting technology giants.
3α-Hydroxy-3β-(phenylethynyl)-5β-pregnan-20-ones:  Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of Neuroactive Steroids with High Affinity for GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptors (1997)

Neuroactive steroids that allosterically modulate GABAA receptors have potential uses as anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, and sedative-hypnotic agents. Recently, a series of pregnanes substituted with simple alkyl groups at the 3 beta-position were synthesized and found to be active in vitro. The present report describes the synthesis of a series of substituted 3 alpha-hydroxy-3 beta-(phenylethynyl)pregnan-20-ones and their in vitro structure-activity relationship determined by their potency for inhibition of [35S]TBPS binding in rat brain membranes. Appropriate substitution of the phenyl group results in ligands with particularly high affinity for the neuroactive steroid site on GABAA receptors (e.g., 4-acetyl 28, IC50 10 nM). The potency of selected steroids was confirmed electrophysiologically in oocytes expressing cloned human GABAA alpha 1 beta 2 gamma 2L receptors (e.g., compound 28, EC50 6.6 nM). Consistent with their in vitro activity, some of the 3 beta-(phenylethynyl)-substituted steroids displayed anticonvulsant activity in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) tests following ip administration in mice. Notably, the 3 beta-[(4-acetylphenyl)ethynyl]-19-nor derivative 36 demonstrated an attractive anticonvulsant profile (PTZ and MES ED50 values of 2.8 and 9.2 mg/kg, respectively). A new pharmacophore for the neuroactive steroid site of GABAA receptors is proposed based upon the high affinity of certain substituted 3 beta-(phenylethynyl) steroids.
Laser Emission at 1.47 µm from Fluorozirconate Glass Doped with Tm3+ and Tb3+ (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. H. Rosenblatt, R. J. Ginther, R. C. Stoneman, and L. Esterowitz, "Laser Emission at 1.47 µm from Fluorozirconate Glass Doped with Tm3+ and Tb3+," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, M. Shand and H. Jenssen, eds., Vol. 5 of OSA Proceedings Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1989), paper JJ7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Simulating Calcium Naphthenate Formation and Mitigation Under Laboratory Conditions (2006)

Abstract A laboratory methodology has been developed to better simulate calcium naphthenate formation and evaluate chemical inhibition measures. Detailed ongoing field experience data and related samples have been used in support of the lab rig design and protocols. Calcium Naphthenates are becoming more recognized as a major flow assurance issue. When occurring in the field operation, significant quantities (typically in tonnes per day) can be formed and the process operation, chemical controls and monitoring procedures are far from straightforward. The ability to accurately predict calcium naphthenate formation and/or replicate field production conditions in the laboratory has been fraught with difficulties. For example conventional "bottle" or "jar" test procedures suffer from severe limitations relating to poor pH control, inefficient mixing, non representative residence times coupled with relatively indirect assessments often indicating fluid compatibility issues rather than identification of naphthenate deposits. Recent work examining both current calcium naphthenate problems in existing facilities and the technical requirement to predict the potential for naphthenate deposits in new fields has led to the design and validation of more appropriate laboratory test equipment. This includes new designs of novel dynamic flow systems and modified autoclave approaches which allow the formation of naphthenate deposits, stable emulsions and soap scales to be assessed directly under laboratory conditions using relatively small volumes of reservoir fluids. The designed equipment is shown to overcome the challenges previously associated with the assessment of calcium naphthenate issues, their mitigation and chemical treatment under laboratory conditions. The ability to simulate naphthenate deposition represents a major step forward in our ability to understand the controlling parameters associated with these complex scales. This paper will describe the novel aspects associated with the laboratory flow rig and other test methods adopted, it will illustrate how the equipment design overcomes the limitations associated with more conventional tests and describe how the results are being used directly to assess the changing naphthenate challenge and its treatment which may be expected throughout a field's lifetime. The composition of solids collected from naphthenate formation tests in the flow rig under different conditions is also presented, thus further validating the effectiveness of the rig design. The paper therefore illustrates how improved equipment design and test protocols can reduce the risks associated with field trials, which have previously been required for optimising treatments against naphthenate deposits.
PipeRench: a coprocessor for streaming multimedia acceleration (2003)

Future computing workloads will emphasize an architecture's ability to perform relatively simple calculations on massive quantities of mixed-width data. This paper describes a novel reconfigurable fabric architecture, PipeRench, optimized to accelerate these types of computations. PipeRench enables fast, robust compilers, supports forward compatibility, and virtualizes configurations, thus removing the fixed size constraint present in other fabrics. For the first time we explore how the bit-width of processing elements affects performance and show how the PipeRench architecture has been optimized to balance the needs of the compiler against the realities of silicon. Finally, we demonstrate extreme performance speedup on certain computing kernels (up to 190x versus a modern RISC processor), and analyze how this acceleration translates to application speedup.
An Active Site of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 for Growth Inhibition and Stimulation (1999)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a bifunctional growth regulator. It inhibits growth of many cell types, including epithelial cells, but stimulates growth of others (e.g. fibroblasts). The active site on the TGF-beta molecule, which mediates its growth regulatory activity, has not been defined. Here, we show that antibody to a TGF-beta(1) peptide containing the motif WSLD (52nd to 55th amino acid residues) completely blocked both (125)I-TGF-beta(1) binding to TGF-beta receptors and TGF-beta(1)-induced growth inhibition in mink lung epithelial cells. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis revealed that the replacement of Trp(52) and Asp(55) by alanine residues diminished the growth inhibitory activity of TGF-beta(1) by approximately 90%. Finally, while wild-type TGF-beta(1) was able to stimulate growth of transfected NIH 3T3 cells, the double mutant TGF-beta(1) W52A/D55A was much less active. These results support the hypothesis that the WSLD motif is an active site of TGF-beta(1), which is important for growth inhibition of epithelial cells and growth stimulation of fibroblasts.
Effective virtual keyboard design with size and space adaptation (2010)

In recent years, there are huge developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT in present form has offered to interact with the computing system in users own language. But, there are several challenges to be addressed to achieve the full advantages of ICT. One of the biggest issue is standard text input mechanism. In practice, the text input mechanism is mainly realized through the virtual keyboard. A numbers of work have been proposed to design virtual keyboard with optimum layout. So that performance of text entry can be enhanced. Still there are demand of more improvement to make an efficient text entry mechanism. In this paper, a new concept of adaptation in virtual keyboard is proposed. Our objective is to develop a user friendly interface through adaptation of key size and centroid distance between keys. As a mean of adaptation, we provide several states (keyboard) on the basis of key size and center distance between keys. Upper and lower threshold values for a performance metric of a state are defined by evaluating the states using motor movement time and searching time. If one individual user performance is in between the range of upper and lower threshold values for the keyboard then no adaptation is required. Otherwise, the keyboard is adapted according an algorithm proposed in this paper. The proposed approach is experimented with real users and results substantiate the efficacy of the approach.
CHAPTER 10. Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels: Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Hydrogels for Embolotherapy and Drug Delivery (2012)

The biomedical uses of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) are wide-ranging and it has been used in the field of embolotherapy for many decades. Recent years have seen a move towards the use of calibrated hydrogel beads for more control over the embolization procedure. Chemical modification of the PVA to introduce ionic functionality has unlocked the potential of these hydrogel materials for drug delivery purposes. This chapter outlines the chemistry and properties of hydrogel beads composed of PVA-graft-(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate sodium salt) and how variation in hydrogel bead formulation provides for optimized properties for application in embolotherapy and drug delivery.
Authentication in a Multi-access IMS Environment (2008)

The standard ISIM-based authentication mechanism of IMS is only intended for mobile phones and cannot be used for fixed IMS clients on stationary devices without SIM cards. This paper presents the authentication schemes dedicated for fixed IMS clients. Such schemes are necessary in order to extend the usage of IMS to fixed environments. Authentication solutions for other applications than the IMS client are also described. These applications are assumed to be located on the same stationary device as the IMS client, and might for example be browsers, contact lists and email clients. Finally, a Single-Sign-On mechanism is proposed. It is designed to simplify the authentication process without compromising the security.
NS5806 partially restores action potential duration but fails to ameliorate calcium transient dysfunction in a computational model of canine heart failure (2014)

Downstream effects of a compound acting exclusively on sarcolemmal ion channels are difficult to predict. Remediation of APD to pre-failing state does not ameliorate dysfunction in CaT; however, restoration of notch depth appears to impart modest benefit and a likelihood of therapeutic value in modulating early repolarization.
Setting standards of compassion (1990)

Wilma Addison describes how she set the highest standards when caring for parents of cot death babies
WITHDRAWN: Light transmission of zirconia ceramics with different colors and thicknesses (2012)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
CNN with coarse‐to‐fine layer for hierarchical classification (2018)

Most of the traditional convolution neural network (CNN)‐based classification models are flat classifiers, which have an underlying assumption that all classes are equally difficult to distinguish. However, visual separability between different object categories is highly uneven in the real world. Recently, hierarchical classification has been proven effective for CNNs, more and more attempts have been made to exploit category hierarchies in CNN models. In this study, the authors propose a novel hierarchical CNN architecture, called coarse‐to‐fine CNN. It is simple, with a proposed coarse‐to‐fine layer on the top of a generic CNN. The coarse‐to‐fine layer is inspired by the Bayesian equation, where the coarse prediction can affect the fine prediction directly. Arbitrary CNNs can perform the hierarchical classification by adding the proposed layer. The training of a coarse‐to‐fine CNN is end‐to‐end, it can be optimised by typical stochastic gradient descent. In the test phase, it outputs multiple hierarchical predictions simultaneously. Experimental results on the benchmark datasets MNIST, CIFAR‐10, and CIFAR‐100 show clear advantages over the compared baselines.
Achieving High Dielectric Constant and Low Loss Property in a Dipolar Glass Polymer Containing Strongly Dipolar and Small-Sized Sulfone Groups (2015)

In this report, a dipolar glass polymer, poly(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl methacrylate) (PMSEMA), was synthesized by free radical polymerization of the corresponding methacrylate monomer. Due to the large dipole moment (4.25 D) and small size of the side-chain sulfone groups, PMSEMA exhibited a strong γ transition at a temperature as low as -110 °C at 1 Hz, about 220 °C below its glass transition temperature around 109 °C. Because of this strong γ dipole relaxation, the glassy PMSEMA sample exhibited a high dielectric constant of 11.4 and a low dissipation factor (tan δ) of 0.02 at 25 °C and 1 Hz. From an electric displacement-electric field (D-E) loop study, PMSEMA demonstrated a high discharge energy density of 4.54 J/cm(3) at 283 MV/m, nearly 3 times that of an analogue polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). However, the hysteresis loss was only 1/3-1/2 of that for PMMA. This study suggests that dipolar glass polymers with large dipole moments and small-sized dipolar side groups are promising candidates for high energy density and low loss dielectric applications.
A style‐specific hydroxyproline‐rich glycoprotein with properties of both extensins and arabinogalactan proteins (1994)

A basic, hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (molecular mass 120 kDa) has been purified from the styles of Nicotiana alata. An antibody, specific for the protein backbone (molecular mass 78 kDa) of the glycoprotein, was used to demonstrate that the glycoprotein is a soluble, style-specific component and that related molecules are present in the styles of other solanaceous species. Linkage analysis of the carbohydrate portion of the glycoprotein, together with antibody binding studies, indicates that the glycoprotein contains both extensin-like and arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-like side chains. Furthermore, the AGP-like side-chains contain a style-specific epitope that is also present on AGPs from N. alata styles and glycoconjugates from the styles of other members of the Solanaceae. The abundance of this 120 kDa glycoprotein, its location in the extracellular matrix of the transmitting tract and its conservation in several species within the Solanaceae suggests a role in pistil function.
Split Inteins: Nature’s Protein Ligases (2011)

Split inteins carry out a naturally occurring process known as protein <i>trans</i>-splicing, where two protein fragments bind to form a catalytically competent enzyme, then catalyze their own excision and the ligation of their flanking sequences. In the past thirteen years since their discovery, chemists and biologists have utilized split inteins in exogenous contexts for a number of biotechnological applications centered around the formation of native peptide bonds. While many protein <i>trans</i>-splicing technologies have emerged and flourished in recent years, several factors still limit their wide-spread practical use. Here, we discuss the development, applications, and limitations of split intein-based technologies and propose that further advancement in this field will require a more fundamental understanding of split intein structure and function.
Efficacy and safety of low‐dose otelixizumab anti‐<scp>CD</scp>3 monoclonal antibody in preserving C‐peptide secretion in adolescent type 1 diabetes: <scp>DEFEND</scp>‐2, a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, multi‐centre study (2013)

Efficacy and tolerability of otelixizumab was similar to DEFEND-1. The 3.1-mg dose was non-efficacious in adults and adolescents. Further investigation of the mechanism of action seen at higher doses and therapeutic window is required. Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT 00763451.
Calmodulin Antagonists&rsquo; Binding Sites on Calmodulin (1983)

Troponin I inhibited, concentration-dependently, [3H]-N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) and [3H]-trifluoperazine (TFP) binding to purified bovine brain calmodulin (CaM). Selective oxidation of methionine residues of CaM by N-chlorosuccinimide resulted in a rapid decrease in [3H]-W-7, [3H]-TFP and [14C]-chlorpromazine binding concomitant with the loss of CaM activity. Carbethoxylation of histidine residues, nitration of tyrosine residues and chemical modification of arginine residues with 1,2-cyclohexanedione produced no significant changes either in [3H]-W-7 binding to CaM or in the ability of CaM to stimulate phosphodiesterase. Our results suggest that the binding sites of these CaM antagonists on CaM may be located between the second and third Ca2+-binding loops.
Serotonin 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub> Autoreceptor Blockade Potentiates the Ability of the 5‐HT Reuptake Inhibitor Citalopram to Increase Nerve Terminal Output of 5‐HT In Vivo: A Microdialysis Study (1993)

The present study addressed the possibility that disinhibition of serotonin (5-HT) autoreceptor-mediated negative feedback might potentiate the elevation of nerve terminal 5-HT output induced by selective 5-HT reuptake blockade. To this end, rats were given citalopram and the 5-HT autoreceptor-blocking agents (S)-UH-301 (5-HT1A) and (-)-penbutolol (5-HT1A/1B), and the effect on extracellular 5-HT in the ventral hippocampus was monitored by means of in vivo microdialysis. Citalopram (5 mg/kg, s.c.) approximately doubled the 5-HT output, a response that was markedly augmented by (S)-UH-301 (3 mg/kg, s.c.) and (-)-penbutolol (8 mg/kg, s.c.) and by combined treatment with (S)-UH-301 (3 mg/kg, s.c.) plus (-)-penbutolol (1 microM; via the dialysis perfusion medium), but not by (-)-penbutolol (1 microM) alone. These findings provide evidence that 5-HT, in particular 5-HT1A, autoreceptor-mediated negative feedback mechanisms are pivotal in determining the nerve terminal 5-HT output level after 5-HT reuptake inhibition. These findings have important implications for the interplay between different processes controlling 5-HT transmission in vivo and might possibly offer a lead toward novel, therapeutically exploitable principles.