gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat-Inducible Autolytic Vector for High-Throughput Screening (2006)

In directed evolution, a high-throughput screening system is often a prerequisite for sampling the enzyme variants. When the target enzyme is expressed intracellularly, for example when Escherichia coli is used as the host, chemical or enzymatic disruption of cell membrane is often required in many cases, which can be tedious, time-consuming, and costly. In this study, a set of heat-inducible autolytic vectors were constructed to solve this problem, in which the SRRz lysis gene cassette from bacteriophage lambda was placed downstream of heat-inducible promoters, lambda cI857/pR promoter and its mutant, c1857/pR(M). The artificial autolytic units were inserted into the backbone of pUC18 (away from the multiple cloning sites). For the wild promoter; cI857/pR, the SRRz lysis cassette was expressed by temperature up-shift from 28 degrees to 38 degrees C, and the lysis efficiency of transformed bacterial cells was found to be consistent and could reach 96.3% as measured by the reporter beta3-galactosidase assay. In order to obtain a higher cell growth rate, the mutant promoter cI857/pR(M) was utilized to allow bacteria growth at 35 degrees C and lysis at 42 degrees C. However; this heat-inducible system showed significant inconsistency in terms of lysis efficiency. Bacillus subtilis 168 lipase A gene was further inserted into the multiple cloning sites of the autolytic vector containing cI857/pR, and 93.7% of the expressed lipase activity was found in the culture medium upon heat induction, demonstrating the utility of the vector for expression and rapid extracellular assay of heterologous enzymes.
An Approach to Steer-by-Wire System Design (2006)

Steer-by-wire (SbW) systems are candidate to substitute the conventional (mechanical or hydraulic) steering systems in the new generation of vehicles. The task of a SbW system is twofold: turning the road wheels tracking the handwheel rotation and providing the driver with a feeling of the steering effort. In this paper, the issue of designing a SbW system is faced. An approach is proposed, based on three steps. Firstly, the model of a conventional steering system is formulated. Then the SbW system is developed with the same structure as the conventional ones. Finally, performance indexes for the steering maneuver are defined and utilized to set up the parameters of the SbW system. As a case of study, the SbW system of a lift truck is designed according to the proposed approach. Diagrams are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the resultant SbW system
Multicellular Resistance: A New Paradigm to Explain Aspects of Acquired Drug Resistance of Solid Tumors (1994)

The study of the cellular and molecular basis of acquired drug resistance in cancer has been dominated by a single experimental approach for the past two decades. This approach consists of exposing established tumor cell lines—usually obtained from solid tumors—to increasing concentrations of a single cytotoxic drug. Conventional two-dimensional monolayer cell culture systems, in which the cells are exposed over prolonged periods of time, are generally used so that drug-resistant mutant subpopulations expressing very high levels of resistance (e.g., 10- to 1000-fold) in a stable or semi-stable fashion are selected. This invariably leads to the isolation of so-called "unicellular" resistant mutants, that is, tumor cells which express their resistance properties at the single-cell level, as a result of biochemical alterations having an underlying genetic basis. The assumption has always been that a similar process takes place in cancer patients exposed to chemotherapy whose tumors may initially respond (i.e., regress, or...
Dynamic Beam Selection for Beam-RSRP Based Direction Finding in mmW 5G Networks (2018)

This paper considers direction-finding in millimeter wave (mmW) fifth generation (5G) networks by means of beam-based downlink (DL) reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements and subsequent reporting. In particular, we propose two methods that allow user equipments (UEs) to select, in an independent and dynamic manner, the most-relevant beam-RSRP (BRSRP) measurements as a trade-off between angle-related information and load of the feedback channel. A likelihood ratio (LR)-test is derived in which the hypothesis for “noise-only” BRSRP measurement is compared to that of “reference signal (RS)-plus-noise” observations, under a given significance level. A power threshold based method is also proposed in which the BRSRP measurements are compared to a threshold proportional to the noise power. Such a noise variance is estimated at each UE independently. The performance of the proposed beam selection schemes is assessed by means of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) tracking the direction of departure (DoD) of the line-of-sight (LoS) path between base stations (BSs) and a UE. Extensive numerical results are provided on a realistic mmW 5G outdoor deployment scenario operating at 39 GHz and with a ray-tracing propagation model based on the METIS Madrid grid.
High performance continuously tunable top-emittingvertical cavity laser with 20 nm wavelength range (1997)

The authors demonstrate the first micromechanical tunable top-emitting laser with a continuous wavelength tuning range of 20 nm centred at 926 nm. For 11 nm of the tuning range, its threshold current and peak output power are <~1 mA and ~1 mW, respectively. Over the entire tuning range, the threshold current remains <1.9 mA and the peak output power >0.92 mW.
Synthesis and reactivity of binuclear tropocoronand and related organocopper(I) complexes. Catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to 2-cyclohexen-1-one (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactivity of binuclear tropocoronand and related organocopper(I) complexes. Catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to 2-cyclohexen-1-oneGilberto M. Villacorta, C. Pulla. Rao, and Stephen J. LippardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 10, 3175–3182Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00218a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00218a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1219Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Modulation of Schlemm's canal endothelial cell stiffness via latrunculin loaded block copolymer micelles (2018)

Increased stiffness of Schlemm's canal endothelial cells (SC cells) is a major contributing factor to the increased pressure characteristic of primary open-angle glaucoma. New treatments for glaucoma are being developed using actin depolymerizers and rho kinase inhibitors to address this increased stiffness. However, these agents have off-target effects and are not as potent as had been hoped. We have developed a micellar nanocarrier assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)-bl-poly(propylene sulfide) copolymers capable of encapsulating latrunculin A (Lat A) with the goal of modulating SC cell stiffness. Lat A-loaded nanocarriers were similar in size and morphology to unloaded poly (ethylene glycol)-bl-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-bl-PPS) micelles, loaded Lat A at 62% encapsulation efficiency, and retained loaded Lat A for at least 22 days. The continued functional activity of Lat A following encapsulation within micelles was verified in murine macrophages, which are known to display decreased endocytosis in response to Lat A-dependent cytoskeletal disruption. Endocytic inhibition remained unchanged when comparing equal concentrations of micelle-loaded versus free form Lat A. Uptake of Lat A-loaded micelles by human SC cells was verified in vitro with no sign of cytotoxicity, and modulation of SC cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy. Lat A-loaded micelles significantly decreased SC cell stiffness, which resulted in visible changes in cell morphology as observed by confocal microscopy. Our results demonstrate that PEG-bl-PPS micelles represent a tunable platform for the controlled intracellular delivery of latrunculin. These self-assembled polymeric nanobiomaterials may support the rational design and engineering of delivery systems for the treatment of glaucoma. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1771-1779, 2018.
Inclusion body myositis and paraproteinemia: Incidence and immunopathologic correlations (1997)

Serum from 70 patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) was subjected to agarose gel immunofixation electrophoresis. The IgG extracted from 9 patients with monoclonal proteins, 3 without, and 2 control subjects and was purified, biotinylated, and applied to muscle biopsy sections for immunocytochemistry and to purified muscle protein fractions for immunoblots. Sixteen of 70 (22.8%) patients with IBM, compared with 2% of age-matched controls, had a monoclonal gammopathy characterized as IgG lambda in 9 patients, IgG kappa in 4, IgM kappa in 2, and IgA lambda in 1. The mean age of IBM patients with gammopathy was 60.6 years (range, 35-77 years), compared with 66.1 years (range, 42-80 years) of the IBM patients without gammopathy. The IgG of the patients, more often than that of the control subjects, immunostained myonuclei and recognized various muscle proteins of 35 to 145 kd. We conclude that IBM, regardless of age, is frequently associated with monoclonal gammopathies, which often recognize various muscle components, especially myonuclei, suggesting disturbed immunoregulation.
Improvement of Au‐Free, Ti/Al/W Ohmic Contact on AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Featuring a Thin‐Ti Layer and Low Temperature Annealing (2018)

In this study, a Ti/Al/W ohmic contact and the factors that determine the optimal annealing temperature are investigated to obtain Au‐free high‐electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a low thermal budget. The results show that a thin‐Ti layer of 2.7 nm with a low specific contact resistance of 2.54 × 10 −6 Ω · cm 2 (0.358 Ω mm) is realized in 10 min at a low annealing temperature of 500 °C. It is found that a thinner Ti layer leads to a lower annealing temperature because Al needs to diffuse through the Ti layer and make contact with AlGaN to obtain linear I–V characteristics. In addition, Ti is essential in removing the natural oxide film on AlGaN surface, and the minimum thickness of the Ti layer is 2 nm. The Au‐free AlGaN/GaN HEMT on a silicon wafer shows comparable characteristics with the conventional Au‐containing HEMT, which leads to low cost manufacturing of HEMTs in existing silicon‐device fabrication lines.
Unsupervised learning approach for abnormal event detection in surveillance video by revealing infrequent patterns (2013)

Uncovering the hidden subtleties and irregularities of the events in the video sequence, is the key issue for automatic video surveillance. Notice the fact that the occurrence of abnormal events is rare while the frequently occurring events become normal in general human perception. So we have proposed the unsupervised learning algorithm, Proximity (Prx) clustering for abnormality detection in the video sequence. Prx clustering tries to select only the dominant class sample points from the dataset. For each data sample, it also assigns the degree of belongingness to the dominant cluster. The proposed motion features viz. circulation, motion homogeneity, motion orientation and stationarity try to extract important information necessary for abnormality detection. After performing Prx clustering, each sample belongs to dominant cluster with the membership value. When Prx clustering is being performed in the space constructed from the proposed motion features, it helps to improve the abnormality detection performance. Experimental results for clustering performance evaluation on artificial dataset show that the Prx clustering outperforms the other clustering methods, for clustering the single dominant class from the dataset. Abnormality detection experiments show the comparable performance with other methods, in addition it has an advantage of incremental learning that it learns about the new normal events in an unsupervised manner.
A randomised controlled trial of azithromycin to prevent chronic rejection after lung transplantation (2010)

Azithromycin reduces airway inflammation and improves forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) in chronic rejection or bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation (LTx). Azithromycin prophylaxis might prevent BOS. A double-blind randomised controlled trial of azithromycin (n = 40) or placebo (n = 43), initiated at discharge and administered three times a week for 2 yrs, was performed in 2005-2009 at the Leuven University Hospital (Leuven, Belgium). Primary end-points were BOS-free and overall survival 2 yrs after LTx; secondary end-points were acute rejection, lymphocytic bronchiolitis and pneumonitis rate, prevalence of pseudomonal airway colonisation or gastro-oesophageal reflux, and change in FEV₁, airway and systemic inflammation over time. Patients developing BOS were assessed for change in FEV₁ with open-label azithromycin. BOS occurred less in patients receiving azithromycin: 12.5 versus 44.2% (p = 0.0017). BOS-free survival was better with azithromycin (hazard ratio 0.27, 95% CI 0.092-0.816; p = 0.020). Overall survival, acute rejection, lymphocytic bronchiolitis, pneumonitis, colonisation and reflux were comparable between groups. Patients receiving azithromycin demonstrated better FEV₁ (p = 0.028), and lower airway neutrophilia (p = 0.015) and systemic C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.050) over time. Open-label azithromycin for BOS improved FEV₁ in 52.2% patients. No serious adverse events were noted. Azithromycin prophylaxis attenuates local and systemic inflammation, improves FEV₁ and reduces BOS 2 yrs after LTx.
Changes in proteoglycan composition during development of rat skin. The occurrence in fetal skin of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with high turnover rate. (1986)

Extraction of the skin of newborn rat yielded two populations of galactosaminoglycan-containing proteoglycan: a Mr = 111,000-200,000 dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (DS-PG) with a Mr congruent to 55,000 core glycoprotein and a Mr congruent to 10(6) chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PGs) composed of two subpopulations with different size core-glycoproteins (Mr congruent to 480,000 and 520,000). Tryptic peptide mapping of chondroitinase-treated DS-PG and CS-PGs indicated that the peptide patterns observed with the two core molecules from CS-PGs were identical with each other but distinct from the peptide pattern of the DS-PG core molecule. It is likely therefore that the two forms of CS-PGs are derived from the same gene product by post-translational modification or partial degradation, but DS-PG is derived from a distinct gene product. Comparison of the concentration (hexuronate/DNA) of the proteoglycans in newborn and fetal rat skin showed an age-related change in proteoglycan composition; at 4 days before birth, the uronic acid proportions, DS-PG:CS-PGs, were about 14:1 and during the next 4 days, DS-PG increased 2.2-fold whereas CS-PGs decreased 4-fold. On a per DNA basis, the rate of [3H]serine incorporation into CS-PGs was 2.5 times the rate for DS-PG at 4 days before birth but decreased by 95% during the next 4 days. The rate for DS-PG also decreased but to a much lesser extent, so that by 2 days before birth, it began to exceed the rate for CS-PGs. The striking change in the concentration and labeling rate of CS-PGs can be interpreted either as a decrease of CS-PGs synthesis, or as an increase of CS-PGs breakdown, or both, a process which might be involved in the transition of extracellular matrix from a fetal type to a newborn or adult type.
D-Band Frequency Quadruplers in BiCMOS Technology (2018)

This paper presents two D-band frequency quadruplers (FQs) employing different circuit techniques. First FQ is a 129–171-GHz stacked Gilbert-cell multiplier using a bootstrapping technique, which improves the bandwidth and the conversion gain with respect to the conventional topology. Stacked architecture enables current reuse for the second frequency doubler resulting in a compact and energy-efficient design. The circuit reaches 3-dB bandwidth of 42 GHz, which is the highest among similar reported quadruplers. It achieves 2.2-dBm saturated output power, 5-dB peak conversion gain, and 1.7% peak DC-to-RF efficiency. The stacked FQ occupies 0.08 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 22.7 mA from 4.4-V supply. Second presented circuit is a transformer-based injection-locked FQ (T-ILFQ) employing an E-band push–push voltage-controlled oscillator (PP-VCO). The VCO is a self-buffered common-collector Colpitts oscillator with a transformer formed on emitter inductors. Proposed configuration does not reduce the tuning range of the VCO, thus providing wide locking range and high sensitivity with respect to the injected signal. The T-ILFQ achieves 21.1% locking range, which is the highest among other reported injection-locked frequency multipliers. The peak output power is −4 dBm and the input sensitivity reaches −22 dBm. The circuit occupies 0.09 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 14.8 mA from 3.3-V supply.
Ion implantation of low energy Si into graphene: insight from computational studies (2015)

Computational study shows that high efficient Si doping in graphene was achieved from low-energy Si ion implantation.
Stabilization of the Prussian blue color in the determination of polyphenols (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStabilization of the Prussian blue color in the determination of polyphenolsHorace D. GrahamCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 5, 801–805Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00017a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00017a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1765Altmetric-Citations237LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Energy Defibrillation Increases the Severity of Postresuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction (1997)

The severity of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction is related, at least in part, to the magnitude of the electrical energy of the delivered shock.
Mechanism of polarization reversal in ferroelectrics and the aspect of neutralizing charges near the<i>c</i>-domain boundary (1995)

Abstract The mechanism of the polarization reversal in ferroelectrics is discussed by considering the distribution of neutralizing charges in the electrode based upon the 2D electron lattice model. It can be explained that the domain wall movement in the liquid electrode is much easier than in the metal electrode by this consideration.
Be Filial (2022)

Confucians believe that what we should become is based on what we already are. Our best selves must grow from our earlier and more basic selves, and so we start with parent–child relations and with families. On this basis, this chapter explains what filial piety (<italic>xiao</italic>) is, why Confucians believe it to be of fundamental importance, and what to do when familial relationships go awry. Filial piety is an attitude of love and respect for one’s parents, feelings that are natural to have (at least to a degree, and at least partly in response to loving concern from one’s parents), and filial piety is expressed both through characteristic actions and in one’s demeanor. According to the <italic>Analects</italic>, filial piety is the “root” of humaneness, which is the height of human virtuosity. If one devotes oneself to cultivating filial piety, multi-faceted virtuosity will grow, and with it an increasingly humane world. Confucians will counsel us always to do our best to respond to challenges within our families out of the feelings of love and respect that lie at the core of filial piety.
Entropy of Charge Separation in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: The Benefit of Higher Dimensionality (2011)

The role of entropy in charge separation processes is discussed with respect to the dimensionality of the organic semiconductor. In 1-D materials, the change in entropy, ΔS, plays no role, but at higher dimensions, it leads to a substantial decrease in the Coulomb barrier for charge separation. The effects of ΔS are highest in equilibrium systems but decrease and become time-dependent in illuminated organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Higher-dimensional semiconductors have inherent advantages for charge separation, and this may be one reason that C60 and its derivatives, the only truly three-dimensional organic semiconductors yet known, play such an important role in OPV cells.
Introductory Remarks on Umami Taste (1998)

Psychophysical and electrophysiological studies indicated that the umami substances have no enhancing activity on other primary tastes. Experiments using amiloride clearly show that the umami component of canine chorda tympani nerve response to umami substances is independent of the salt component. Single fiber analysis of the responses of the mouse glossopharyngeal nerve and the monkey primary taste cortex neuron show that the responses to umami substances are independent of other primary tastes. A large synergism between monosodium glutamate (MSG) and disodium 5'-inosinate (IMP) or disodium 5'-guanylate (GMP) is observed in dogs and is explained in terms of allosteric effect. The order of intensity of umami taste induced by a mixture of 0.5 mM GMP and 1.5 mM of various agonists for the glutamate receptors was glutamate > ibotenate > DL(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (DL-AP4)-(+)-1- aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD). Kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and (RS)--amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), which are agonists for ionotropic receptors, have no umami taste. It was concluded that the umami receptor is not identical to any of known glutamate receptors, and there seems to be a unique receptor for umami.