gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of Heat Exchangers (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Classification According to Transfer Processes Classification According to Number of Fluids Classification According to Surface Compactness Classification According to Construction Features Classification According to Flow Arrangements Classification According to Heat Transfer Mechanisms Summary References Review Questions
Gas source molecular beam epitaxy growth of short period GaP/AlP(001) superlattices (1991)

Short period GaP/AlP superlattices are grown on GaP and GaAs substrates at 600 °C by gas source molecular beam epitaxy with growth interruption. Alternating monolayer growth of GaP and AlP is confirmed by the observation of the reflection high-energy electron diffraction intensity oscillations during growth. The formation of short period superlattice structures and the zone-folded LO phonons are observed in the x-ray diffraction rocking curves and Raman spectra, respectively.
Mechanism of Action in Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation: Review and Recent Advances (2019)

Burst spinal cord stimulation likely provides pain relief via multiple mechanisms at the level of both the spinal cord and the brain. The specific waveforms and temporal patterns of stimulation both play a role in the responses observed. Differential modulation of neurons in the dorsal horn and dorsal column nuclei are the spinal underpinnings of paresthesia-free analgesia. The burst stimulation pattern also produces different patterns of activation within the brain when compared with tonic stimulation. The latter may have implications for not only the somatic components of chronic pain but also the lateral and affective pathway dimensions as well.
Preclinical studies of gilteritinib, a next-generation FLT3 inhibitor (2016)

To the editor:

FLT3-activating mutations are one of the most frequent genetic aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).[1][1] Internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations are associated with the worst prognosis, whereas tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3/TKD) mutations have an uncertain prognostic
Predictive modelling-based design and experiments for synthesis and spinning of bioinspired silk fibres (2015)

Scalable computational modelling tools are required to guide the rational design of complex hierarchical materials with predictable functions. Here, we utilize mesoscopic modelling, integrated with genetic block copolymer synthesis and bioinspired spinning process, to demonstrate de novo materials design that incorporates chemistry, processing and material characterization. We find that intermediate hydrophobic/hydrophilic block ratios observed in natural spider silks and longer chain lengths lead to outstanding silk fibre formation. This design by nature is based on the optimal combination of protein solubility, self-assembled aggregate size and polymer network topology. The original homogeneous network structure becomes heterogeneous after spinning, enhancing the anisotropic network connectivity along the shear flow direction. Extending beyond the classical polymer theory, with insights from the percolation network model, we illustrate the direct proportionality between network conductance and fibre Young's modulus. This integrated approach provides a general path towards de novo functional network materials with enhanced mechanical properties and beyond (optical, electrical or thermal) as we have experimentally verified.
Where's Willibald? a bittersweet NYU Institute of Fine Arts interlude 1963-1965 (2017)

Reflecting on German refugee art historians in the United States and their complex relationships within the art historical community, this article provides a personal account of a complicated time at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts when Dr. Willibald Sauerländer visited the Institute, raising unexpected issues related to national heritage, discrimination, and self-worth.
A strong metal-support interaction between mononuclear and polynuclear transition metal complexes and oxide supports which dramatically affects catalytic activity (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA strong metal-support interaction between mononuclear and polynuclear transition metal complexes and oxide supports which dramatically affects catalytic activityDennis A. Hucul and Alan BrennerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 5, 496–498Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150605a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j150605a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Diamond and rounded diamond antennas for ultrawide-band communications (2004)

Diamond and rounded diamond antennas have been shown to have wide-band properties suitable for ultrawide-band (UWB) applications. In this work, theoretical analysis, simulations and experiments are all conducted to further characterize these two antennas in terms of radiation pattern, gain versus frequency, impedance properties, etc. It is shown that the diamond antenna can be approximated by a simplified analytical model composed of simple linear elements. This simplified model allows for characterizing of the diamond antenna, its behavior and ways of improving its performance. This includes "rounding" the diamond antenna, i.e., a rounded diamond is shown to perform better than the conventional diamond for UWB purposes. The model is verified by simulations. Furthermore, the simulations are verified by experimental measurements conducted in an anechoic chamber. This approach circumvents measurement difficulties and establishes confidence in using simulation software for studying UWB antennas.
Synthesis of nitrogen-substituted cycloparaphenylenes (2014)

Bottom-up synthesis is increasingly becoming the method of choice for assembling and studying novel nanomaterials. Whereas more traditional top-down methods may lead to mixtures of products and suffer from reproducibility issues, bottom-up approaches offer atomistic control over the material's structure. Bottom-up synthesis can also produce materials that would otherwise be unobtainable with top-down methodologies. Finite substructures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one such example. The work encompassed in this thesis details the study of two related classes of CNT substructures: the cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and [5.7]ncyclacenes. \n\nCycloparaphenylenes are a class of graphitic material with many unique properties that make them intriguing candidates for study in a variety of electronic applications. Chapter 1 describes the current state of CPP research, from preliminary synthesis to fundamental understanding of their properties. To optimize device performance, carbon materials are often doped with heteroatoms. Towards this end, the synthesis of a series of nitrogen-doped [8]CPPs (N-[8]CPPs) are detailed in Chapter 2. Nitrogen is incorporated into the CPP structure by way of the reductive aromatization strategy used for the all carbon CPPs, replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with 2,5-dibromopyridine. The synthesis utilizes oxidatively masked benzenes to assemble less strained, macrocyclic precursors. Through the divergent nature of the synthesis, macrocycles containing up to three nitrogen atoms at precise locations are prepared. Macrocycles are aromatized via a single electron reduction to reveal the final N-CPP structures. Chapter 3 details the full characterization of the properties of the novel N-[8]CPPs. The differences between the N-[8]CPPs and [8]CPP are rationalized in the context of DFT studies. Finally, the study of 1N-[8]CPP and [8]CPP as novel electrode materials in supercapacitor cells is presented. Preliminary results show that the CPP electrodes are more conductive than the activated carbon control group, but the specific capacitances are found to be low. \n\nFinally, Chapter 4 describes the computational study of a novel family of macrocycle: [5.7]ncyclacenes. [5.7]ncyclacenes are isomers of the sought after [n]cyclacenes. Unlike their isomeric cousins, DFT studies show that [5.7]ncyclacenes have stable, closed-shell singlet ground states with relatively low strain energies. NICS values also show the molecules to be non-aromatic. These results suggest that with proper synthetic design, the [5.7]ncyclacenes should be accessible synthetically.
Green tea consumption and the risk of pancreatic and colorectal cancers (1997)

The effect of green tea drinking in reducing human cancer risk is unclear, though a protective effect has been reported in numerous animal studies and several epidemiologic investigations. Herein the hypothesis that green tea consumption may reduce the risk of cancers of the colon, rectum and pancreas is examined in a large population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai, China. Newly diagnosed cancer cases (931 colon, 884 rectum and 451 pancreas) during 1990-1993 among residents 30-74 years of age were included. Controls (n = 1,552) were selected among Shanghai residents and frequency-matched to cases by gender and age. Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each cancer associated with green tea consumption were derived after adjustment for age, income, education and cigarette smoking. Additional adjustment for dietary items and body size was found to have minimal impact. An inverse association with each cancer was observed with increasing amount of green tea consumption, with the strongest trends for rectal and pancreatic cancers. For men, compared with non-regular tea drinkers, ORs among those in the highest tea consumption category (> or = 300 g/month) were 0.82 for colon cancer, 0.72 for rectal cancer and 0.63 for pancreatic cancer, with p values for trend being 0.38, 0.04 and 0.04, respectively. For women, the respective ORs for the highest consumption category (> or = 200 g/month) were 0.67, 0.57 and 0.53, with the respective p values for trend being 0.07, 0.001 and 0.008. Our findings provide further evidence that green tea drinking may lower the risk of colorectal and pancreatic cancers.
Epigenomic Co-localization and Co-evolution Reveal a Key Role for 5hmC as a Communication Hub in the Chromatin Network of ESCs (2016)

Epigenetic communication through histone and cytosine modifications is essential for gene regulation and cell identity. Here, we propose a framework that is based on a chromatin communication model to get insight on the function of epigenetic modifications in ESCs. The epigenetic communication network was inferred from genome-wide location data plus extensive manual annotation. Notably, we found that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is the most-influential hub of this network, connecting DNA demethylation to nucleosome remodeling complexes and to key transcription factors of pluripotency. Moreover, an evolutionary analysis revealed a central role of 5hmC in the co-evolution of chromatin-related proteins. Further analysis of regions where 5hmC co-localizes with specific interactors shows that each interaction points to chromatin remodeling, stemness, differentiation, or metabolism. Our results highlight the importance of cytosine modifications in the epigenetic communication of ESCs.
Frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility (2006)

An update is provided of an earlier review (Gruzelier, 1998) of the range of evidence for neurophysiological changes in frontal and lateralized functions with hypnosis, changes which have differentiated high from low hypnotically susceptible subjects, and which led to a working model and neuropsychological translation of the hypnotic induction process. New evidence is outlined from an fMRI/EEG study. This study also disclosed the importance of neural efficiency in left lateral frontal and anterior cingulate structures, and their connectivity, for distinguishing high from low hypnotic susceptibility both in hypnosis and in the everyday state. This amplifies earlier constructs such as cognitive flexibility. Though the focus will be largely on the alteration of connections with the anterior brain and its corresponding alterations of function, interhemispheric, posterior and subcortical connectivity is also considered. The practical implications for the interaction between the hypnotherapist and subject are considered, including stage hypnosis. Copyright © 2006 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Ventilatory Classification System in Patients With Heart Failure (2007)

A multiple-level classificatory system based on exercise VE/VCO2 slope stratifies the burden of risk for the entire spectrum of heart failure severity. Application of this classification is therefore proposed to improve clinical decision making in heart failure.
Cache‐Efficient Layouts of Bounding Volume Hierarchies (2006)

Abstract We present a novel algorithm to compute cache‐efficient layouts of bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) of polygonal models. Our approach does not make any assumptions about the cache parameters or block sizes of the memory hierarchy. We introduce a new probabilistic model to predict the runtime access patterns of a BVH. Our layout computation algorithm utilizes parent‐child and spatial localities between the accessed nodes to reduce both the number of cache misses and the size of the working set. Our algorithm also works well for spatial partitioning hierarchies including kd‐trees. We use our algorithm to compute layouts of BVHs and spatial partitioning hierarchies of large models composed of millions of triangles. We compare our cache‐efficient layouts with other layouts in the context of collision detection and ray tracing. In our benchmarks, our layouts consistently show better performance over other layouts and improve the performance of these applications by 26% – 300% without any modification of the underlying algorithms or runtime applications. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Hierarchy and Geometric Transformations
Enteric bacterial protein AvrA promotes colonic tumorigenesis and activates colonic beta-catenin signaling pathway (2014)

Salmonella infections can become chronic and increase the risk of cancer. The mechanisms by which specific Salmonella organisms contribute to cancer, however, are still unknown. Live and attenuated Salmonella are used as vectors to target cancer cells, but there have been no systematic studies of the oncogenic potential of chronic Salmonella infections in cancer models. AvrA, a pathogenic product of Salmonella, is inserted into host cells during infection and influences eukaryotic cell pathways. In the current study, we colonized mice with Salmonella AvrA-sufficient or AvrA-deficient Salmonella typhimirium strains and induced inflammation-associated colon cancer by azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS). We confirmed Salmonella persisted in the colon for up to 45 weeks. Salmonella was identified not only in epithelial cells on the colonic luminal surface and base of the crypts but also in invading tumors. Tumor incidence in the AvrA+infected group was 100% compared with 51.4% in the AOM/DSS group without bacterial gavage and 56.3% in mice infected with the AvrA- strain. Infection with AvrA+ strain also altered tumor distribution from the distal to proximal colon that might reflect changes in the microbiome. AvrA-expressing bacteria also upregulated beta-catenin signaling as assessed by decreased beta-catenin ubiquitination, increased nuclear beta-catenin and increased phosphorylated-beta-catenin (Ser552), a marker of proliferating stem-progenitor cells. Other β-catenin targets increased by AvrA included Bmi1, a cancer stem cell marker, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and cyclin D1. In summary, AvrA-expressing Salmonella infection activates β-catenin signals and enhances colonic tumorigenesis. Our findings provide important new mechanistic insights into how a bacterial protein targets proliferating stem-progenitor cells and contributes to cancer development. Our observations also raise a note of caution regarding the use of mutant Salmonella organisms as vectors for anti-cancer therapy. Finally, these studies could suggest biomarkers (such as AvrA level in gut) to assess cancer risk in susceptible individuals and infection-related dysregulation of β-catenin signaling in cancer.
Evaluation on service functions of Maqu alpine wetland ecosystem at the First Meander of the Yellow River. (2009)

This paper combined experiments with investigates,synthetically utilized methods such as market value law,substitution expense law and shadow project law,made quota evaluation of service function value of Maqu alpine wetland ecosystem in first meander of Yellow River,to provide basis for local economic development and scientifically and reasonably protection and utilization of wetland resources from 11 kinds of service function aspects. The result indicated that total value of Maqu alpine wetland ecology service function reached 159.42×108 Yuan/a,it was 36.65 times of gross national product of this area. The hydrology adjustment function was 57.72×108 Yuan/a,followed by water source supplies,cultural scientific research,nutrition circulation and storage and climate control function,which was 32.43×108 Yuan/a,12.50×108 Yuan/a,12.38×108 Yuan/a and 11.37×108 Yuan/a,respectively. The environment purification,physical production,biodiversity protection,soil formation and protection,atmospheric component adjustment function were 9.24×108 Yuan/a,8.48×108 Yuan/a,8.31×108 Yuan/a,5.67×108 Yuan/a,and 1.09×108 Yuan/a,respectively. The recreation function was lowest with 0.23×108 Yuan/a. This fully explained that Maqu alpine wetland was the kidney of plateau in west China,it was important water source supplies area and flood storage area in Yellow River upstream,it was green ecology barrier of Yellow River upstream ecosystem,and it has important strategic position for ensuring ecological security of middle and lower reaches area.
GPU-Accelerated Collision Analysis of Vehicles in a Point Cloud Environment (2022)

We present a GPU-accelerated collision detection method for the navigation of vehicles in enclosed spaces represented using large point clouds. Our approach takes a CAD model of a vehicle, converts it to a volumetric representation or voxels, and computes the collision of the voxels with a point cloud representing the environment to identify a suitable path for navigation. We perform adaptive and efficient collision of voxels with the point cloud without the need for mesh generation. We have developed a GPU-accelerated voxel Minkowski sum algorithm to perform a clearance analysis of the vehicle. Finally, we provide theoretical bounds for the accuracy of the collision and clearance analysis. Our GPU implementation is linked with Unreal Engine to provide flexibility in performing the analysis.
A comparison of frequency estimation techniques for high-dynamic trajectories (1988)

A comparison is presented for four different estimation techniques applied to the problem of continuously estimating the parameters of a sinusoidal Global Positioning System (GPS) signal, observed in the presence of additive noise, under extremely high-dynamic conditions. Frequency estimates are emphasized, although phase and/or frequency rate are also estimated by some of the algorithms. These parameters are related to the velocity, position, and acceleration of the maneuvering transmitter. Estimated performance at low carrier-to-noise ratios and high dynamics is investigated for the purpose of determining the useful operating range of an approximate Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), a Cross-Product Automatic Frequency Control (CPAFC) loop, and a digital phase-locked loop (PPL). Numerical simulations are used to evaluate performance while tracking a common trajectory exhibiting high dynamics.
Tektronix Four Quadrant Readout 1024 x 1024 CCD Imager: First Test Results (1989)

The four quadrant CCD was developed to meet the reliability needs of future space programs that use large area CCDs. The 1024<sup>2</sup> format was selected as a precursor to the 2048<sup>2</sup> format. An experimental lot of 1024<sup>2</sup> CCDs was made in 1987 and a production lot was run in 1988 for the AXAF star tracker program. Excellent performance was obtained with the production lot and the four quadrant operation was demonstrated to work as predicted.