gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensor Web for Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of a Hydrological Environment (2004)

The Sensor Web is a macroinstrument concept that allows for the spatio-temporal understanding of an environment through coordinated efforts between multiple numbers and types of sensing platforms, including, in its most general form, both orbital and terrestrial and both fixed and mobile. Each of these platforms, or pods, communicates within its local neighborhood and thus distributes information to the instrument as a whole. The result of sharing and continual processing of this information among all the Sensor Web elements will result in an information flow and a global perception of and reactive capability to the environment. As illustrated, the Sensor Web concept also allows for the recursive notion of a web of webs with individual distributed instruments possibly playing the role of a single node point on a larger Sensor Web instrument. In particular, the fusion of inexpensive, yet sophisticated, commercial technology from both the computation and telecommunication revolutions has enabled the development of practical, fielded, and embedded in situ systems that have been the focus of the NASA/JPL Sensor Webs Project (http://sensorwebs.jpl.nasa.gov/). These Sensor Webs are complete systems consisting of not only the pod elements that wirelessly communicate among themselves, but also interfacing and archiving software that allows for easy use by the end-user. Previous successful deployments have included environments as diverse as coastal regions, Antarctica, and desert areas. The Sensor Web has broad implications for Earth and planetary science and will revolutionize the way experiments and missions are conceived and performed. As part of our current efforts to develop a macrointelligence within the system, we have deployed a Sensor Web at the Central Avra Valley Storage and Recovery Project (CAVSARP) facility located west of Tucson, AZ. This particular site was selected because it is ideal for studying spatio-temporal phenomena and for providing a test site for more sophisticated hydrological studies in the future.
Behavioral Telemedicine: A New Approach to the Continuous Nonintrusive Monitoring of Activities of Daily Living (2000)

A fully automated, passively activated data-acquisition system was developed to allow routine, continuous, nonobtrusive monitoring of selected Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL/IADLs) and the production of a behavioral record that could be subjected to trend analysis. The monitoring system uses "off-the-shelf" technology - standard heat, motion, vibration, and electric current sensors - to record the presence or absence of selected behavior and the time, date, duration and frequency of occurrence of sensor signals. Unlike other telemedicine and personal response system applications, this approach monitors strictly object-oriented behavioral indicators. Hence, the individual is not required to wear any special apparatus nor press buttons. The individual continues to undertake her/his normal activity as if the system were not in place. Objects in the environment, e.g., pill bottle, the refrigerator door, a kitchen cabinet, are electronically monitored, but not the individual her/himself. Because the system is "software driven," the monitoring of specific tasks can easily be added or subtracted with no real limit in the overall number of tasks to be monitored. The system's installation does not require retrofitting of the residence and is almost invisible once installed; thus, it can be used in a wide variety of residential environments. The system was tested during a 12-day period in the home of a community dwelling 71-year-old non-impaired male who lived alone. Data were collected on four behavioral domains: medication adherence, movement throughout the house, bathroom use, and meal preparation.
A phase I trial of pomalidomide in combination with liposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced or refractory Kaposi sarcoma in individuals with or without HIV. (2018)

TPS11586 Background: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a multicentric angioproliferative tumor caused by the gammaherpesvirus Kaposi-sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, or human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) that is commonly seen among people living with HIV. KSHV also contributes to the pathogenesis of multicentric Castleman disease (KSHV-MCD) and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). Advanced KS can occur alone or in combination with KSHV-MCD or KICS. KS can be difficult to treat when it occurs with KSHV-MCD or KICS and can result in high mortality rate. Pomalidomide is an orally available third generation thalidomide analog with immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic properties that has been shown to be safe and to have activity in patients with KS with or without HIV. Liposomal doxorubicin (LD) is a preferred treatment for KS. The tolerability and activity of pomalidomide in combination with LD with advanced KS or KS and concurrent KSHV-MCD or KICS are unknown. Methods: The primary objective is to evaluate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of pomalidomide (in escalating dose levels I - 2mg, II - 3mg, or III- 4mg) in combination with liposomal doxorubicin in two groups of patients: Group I) KS requiring systemic therapy; Group II) KS with concurrent KSHV-associated MCD or KICS. Patients will receive LD intravenously on day 1 of a 28-day cycle combined with pomalidomide once a day, days 1 to 21 at a specific dose level. Dose escalation of pomalidomide for each cohort will stop when 2 or more dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occur (in a cohort of 3 or 6 patients). Assessment of the KS antitumor effect, using a modified AIDS Clinical Trials Group KS response criteria; effects on manifestations of KSHV-MCD or KICS in those patients with these diseases; and changes in quality of life in patients receiving pomalidamide and LD will be evaluated. Patients with confirmed cutaneous, pulmonary or visceral KS are eligible. Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy for 1 month is required for participants in Group I except for those with progressive disease or end-organ disease. The study began enrollment in January 2016. Clinical trial information: NCT02659930.
Dye-Sensitized Photovoltaic Module with Conversion Efficiency of 8.4% (2009)

In this paper we investigate a dye-sensitized photovoltaic module (DSM) composed of many rectangular cells connected in series, known as a W-connected type module, where neighboring cells are processed in reverse. The characteristics of the serial connection of silicon solar cells have been investigated extensively, while, with dye-sensitized photovoltaic modules, the influence of each rectangular cell performance on the serially connected module has not been investigated as thoroughly. Here we investigate the performance of the rectangular cell in dye-sensitized photovoltaic modules, and we clarify the correlation between the conversion efficiency of the module and the uniformity of the TiO2 layer thicknesses. With these improvements, we achieved an overall energy conversion efficiency of 8.4% (aperture area: 26.47 cm2) as measured by a public test center under AM-1.5 irradiation. This sets a record for the confirmed efficiency of the DSM.
Photodynamic Herbicides and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis Modulators (1987)

Higher plants have been classified into four different greening groups depending on the monovinyl and divinyl protochlorophyllide biosynthetic patterns at night and in daylight. We have succeeded in demonstrating that the photodynamic herbicidal susceptibility of a particular plant species depends on its greening group and on the chemical nature of the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-dependent tetrapyrroles that accumulate as a consequence of ALA-treatment. Three groups of chemicals which modulate differentially the monovinyl and divinyl monocarboxylie chlorophyll biosynthetic routes have now been identified namely (a) enhancers of ALA conversion to monovinyl or divinyl tetrapyrroles, (b) inducers of ALA formation and conversion to monovinyl and divinyl tetrapyrroles and (c) inhibitors of divinyl tetrapyrrole conversion to monovinyl tetrapyrroles. By combining ALA with member(s) of one or more of the foregoing groups of chlorophyll biosynthesis modulators, it has become possible to design herbicidal formulations which are very specific to certain crop and weed plant species under a wide range of growth conditions.
Advances in Pulsed Doppler Methods for Peripheral Perfusion Imaging (2019)

We report on methods for imaging blood perfusion in peripheral skeletal muscle tissues without exogenous contrast enhancement. The ultimate goal is to provide new tools for monitoring the development and treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in diabetic patients. Sparse ultrasonic pulse-echo acquisitions are arranged into 3-D echo data arrays. Each array is decomposed using higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) methods to uncouple echo sources for clutter filtering before signal power is mapped into power Doppler (PD) images. This method enables further segmentation of the blood-echo power into flow maps covering non-overlapping velocity ranges. Our method is compared with other imaging modalities that together assess the recovery in a murine hindlimb ischemia model of PAD.
Calculating Blood Pressure Based on Measured Heart Sounds (2017)

The current standard technique for blood pressure determination is by using cuff/stethoscope, which is not suited for infants or children. Even for adults such an approach yields 60% accuracy with respect to intra-arterial blood pressure measurements. Moreover, it does not allow for continuous monitoring of blood pressure over 24 h and days. In this paper, a new methodology is developed that enables one to calculate the systolic and diastolic blood pressures continuously in a non-invasive manner based on the heart beats measured from the chest of a human being. To this end, we must separate the first and second heart sounds, known as S 1 and S 2 , from the directly measured heart sound signals. Next, the individual characteristics of S 1 and S 2 must be identified and correlated to the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. It is emphasized that the material properties of a human being are highly inhomogeneous, changing from one organ to another, and the speed at which the heart sound signals propagate inside a human body cannot be determined precisely. Moreover, the exact locations from which the heart sounds are originated are unknown a priori, and must be estimated. As such, the computer model developed here is semi-empirical. Yet, validation results have demonstrated that this semi-empirical computer model can produce relatively robust and accurate calculations of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures with high statistical merits.
Multicolor infrared detection realized with two distinct superlattices separated by a blocking barrier (2002)

A multicolor infrared photodetector was realized with two superlattices separated by a blocking barrier. The photoresponse is switchable between 7.5–12 and 6–8.5 μm by the bias polarity, and is also tunable by the bias magnitude in each wavelength regime. In addition, our detector exhibits advantages including little temperature dependence of the spectral response and the same order of responsivity in the two wavelength regimes. The measured peak responsivities in the two regimes are 117 mA/W at 9.8 μm under 1 V and 129 mA/V at 7.4 μm under −0.8 V, respectively. Also, the detectivities are comparable with the conventional multistack detector. The zero background peak detectivities are 2.3×1010 cm Hz0.5/W at 50 K and 9.8 μm under 0.7 V, and 8.7×1010 cm Hz0.5/W at 70 K and 7.4 μm under −0.7 V.
Hydrogel encapsulated insulin-secreting cells as a treatment for chronic wound healing (2016)

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Optically-switched Dual-diode Electroabsorption Modulator (2003)

Electroabsorption modulators (EAMs) are typically electrically driven to vary the electric field across the device and hence the optical transmission through it. Waveguide EAMs are increasingly being used in optical networks since they can be monolithically integrated with continuous-wave (cw) edge-emitting laser diodes to create low-cost, high-speed optical transmitters. Recent work has also demonstrated optical control of the electrical field across an EAM opening up additional applications such as wavelength conversion [1-2], partial optical regeneration [3], and WDM to TDM conversion [4]. In fact, conventional optical-electrical-optical conversion can perform these tasks, but currently suffers from several disadvantages including high component and packaging costs, large space and power consumption, high complexity, a lack of scalability, and bit rate and format dependence [5]. To overcome some of these limitations, optically-switched EAMs have been proposed, but initial demonstrations have required large optical input powers (on the order of tens of milliwatts) to observe sufficient cross-absorption-modulation [1].
Development of carbon dioxide laser doppler instrumentation detection of clear air turbulence (1970)

The analytical, experimental, and developmental aspects of an airborne, pulsed, carbon dioxide laser-optical radar system are described. The laser detects clear air turbulence and performs Doppler measurements of this air-motion phenomenon. Conclusions and recommendations arising from the development of the laser system are presented.
Blood Flow Detection Using the Flat Crossed-Coil Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Flowmeter (1981)

Arterial blood flow signals have been obtained noninvasively from the posterior tibial artery, the brain, and the region of the heart at proton resonance frequencies of 21.4 MHz and 75 MHz. For these studies, the subjects were placed in a superconducting solenoid electromagnet with a 63.5 cm diameter warm bore, 185 cm long. A flat crossedcoil detector was used. The signals were processed by a synchronous detector.
Multievent moment-tensor inversion for ill-conditioned geometries (2016)

ABSTRACT Moment-tensor inversion under single monitoring well geometries becomes unstable due to the singularity of the inversion matrix. But microseismic events observed during hydraulic fracturing commonly show clusters of events with similar source mechanisms despite differences in the origin time and the magnitude. If the events with similar source mechanisms can be grouped and inverted for a single common moment tensor, the singularity can be eliminated. We have developed a normalized multievent moment-tensor inversion (NME-MTI) method, which does the MTI simultaneously for multiple events, to test the feasibility of this multievent approach. First, the scalar moment for each event was estimated using the far-field low-frequency level at each receiver. Then, the displacements measured at the receivers were normalized by the scalar moment and used to invert for the common moment tensor simultaneously for all the events in the group. We introduced a gradient search method to minimize the overall misfit by adjusting the scalar moment for each event to reduce the errors introduced by the scalar moment estimation. The algorithm was tested with a synthetic data set with four monitoring wells and a field data set with dual monitoring wells. It was proved that the NME-MTI method can retrieve the moment tensors of the event groups with data from a single monitoring well. The effects of uncertainties on the inversion were examined with data noise, scalar moment uncertainty, and event location uncertainty. The results showed that the ME-MTI result is much less sensitive to the data noise and the scalar moment uncertainty than the single-event approach. The results also determined that although the bias to the solutions increases when the event location uncertainty increases, the bias can be controlled by reducing the event location uncertainties using a more accurate location algorithm.
The aminobisphosphonate pamidronate controls influenza pathogenesis by expanding a γδ T cell population in humanized mice (2011)

There are few antiviral drugs for treating influenza, and the emergence of antiviral resistance has further limited the available therapeutic options. Furthermore, antivirals are not invariably effective in severe influenza, such as that caused by H5N1 viruses. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expanded by the aminobisphosphonate pamidronate (PAM) kill influenza virus-infected cells and inhibit viral replication in vitro. In Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human peripheral mononuclear cells (huPBMCs), PAM reduces disease severity and mortality caused by human seasonal H1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza virus, and controls the lung inflammation and viral replication. PAM has no such effects in influenza virus-infected Rag2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice reconstituted with Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-depleted huPBMCs. Our study provides proof-of-concept of a novel therapeutic strategy for treating influenza by targeting the host rather than the virus, thereby reducing the opportunity for the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. As PAM has been commonly used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease, this new application of an old drug potentially offers a safe and readily available option for treating influenza.
Photonic Doppler velocimetry probe designed with stereo imaging (2014)

During the fabrication of an aspherical mirror, the inspection of the residual wavefront error is critical. In the program of a spaceborne telescope development, primary mirror is made of ZERODUR with clear aperture of 450 mm. The mass is 10 kg after lightweighting. Deformation of mirror due to gravity is expected; hence uniform supporting measured by load cells has been applied to reduce the gravity effect. Inspection has been taken to determine the residual wavefront error at the configuration of mirror face upwards. Correction polishing has been performed according to the measurement. However, after comparing with the data measured by bench test while the primary mirror is at a configuration of mirror face horizontal, deviations have been found for the two measurements. Optical system that is not able to meet the requirement is predicted according to the measured wavefront error by bench test. A target wavefront error of secondary mirror is therefore analyzed to correct that of primary mirror. Optical performance accordingly is presented.
Discovery of TaFeSb-based half-Heuslers with high thermoelectric performance (2019)

Discovery of thermoelectric materials has long been realized by the Edisonian trial and error approach. However, recent progress in theoretical calculations, including the ability to predict structures of unknown phases along with their thermodynamic stability and functional properties, has enabled the so-called inverse design approach. Compared to the traditional materials discovery, the inverse design approach has the potential to substantially reduce the experimental efforts needed to identify promising compounds with target functionalities. By adopting this approach, here we have discovered several unreported half-Heusler compounds. Among them, the p-type TaFeSb-based half-Heusler demonstrates a record high ZT of ~1.52 at 973 K. Additionally, an ultrahigh average ZT of ~0.93 between 300 and 973 K is achieved. Such an extraordinary thermoelectric performance is further verified by the heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency measurement and a high efficiency of ~11.4% is obtained. Our work demonstrates that the TaFeSb-based half-Heuslers are highly promising for thermoelectric power generation.
Identification and Characterization of a Peptide Affinity Reagent for Detection of Noroviruses in Clinical Samples (2013)

Norovirus (NoV) is the most common agent of nonbacterial epidemic gastroenteritis and is estimated to cause 21 million cases of the disease in the United States annually. The antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) currently available for NoV diagnosis detect only certain strains and are approved for use in the United States only in epidemics where NoV is suspected. There is a clear need for simpler, more rapid, and more reliable diagnostic tools for the detection of NoV. In this study, phage display technology was used to screen a library of phage displaying random 12-mer peptides for those that bind to Norwalk virus virus-like particles (NV VLPs). Three phage clones displaying unique peptides were identified, and both the peptide-displaying phages and the peptides were confirmed to bind specifically to NV VLPs. The peptide displayed on phage clone NV-N-R5-1 was determined to bind to the protruding domain of the VP1 capsid protein. This phage also bound to NV VLPs seeded into NoV-negative stool with a limit of detection of 1.56 ng NV VLP. This value was comparable to monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3912, which is currently used in commercially available assays. Furthermore, the NV-N-R5-1 phage exhibited high specificity by detecting NV only in previously characterized NV-positive stool samples in contrast to no detection in NV-negative stool samples. These data demonstrate that the further development of NV-N-R5-1 phage as a diagnostic reagent is possible and might offer several distinct advantages over antibodies, such as decreases in the time and cost of production and ease of isolating phage against other epidemic strains currently circulating as well as those that are emerging.
CD6 binds to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and protects from LPS-induced septic shock (2007)

CD6 is a lymphocyte receptor that belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. Because some members of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily act as pattern recognition receptors for microbial components, we studied whether CD6 shares this function. We produced a recombinant form of the ectodomain of CD6 (rsCD6), which was indistinguishable (in apparent molecular mass, antibody reactivity, and cell binding properties) from a circulating form of CD6 affinity-purified from human serum. rsCD6 bound to and aggregated several Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains through the recognition of lipoteichoic acid and LPS, respectively. The Kd of the LPS-rsCD6 interaction was 2.69 +/- 0.32 x 10(-8) M, which is similar to that reported for the LPS-CD14 interaction. Further experiments showed that membrane CD6 also retains the LPS-binding ability, and it results in activation of the MAPK signaling cascade. In vivo experiments demonstrated that i.p. administration of rsCD6 before lethal LPS challenge significantly improved mice survival, and this was concomitant with reduced serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL6, and IL-1beta. In conclusion, our results illustrate the unprecedented bacterial binding properties of rsCD6 and support its therapeutic potential for the intervention of septic shock syndrome or other inflammatory diseases of infectious origin.