gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aeroacoustics of Pipe Systems with Closed Branches (2011)

Flow induced pulsations in resonant pipe networks with closed branches are considered in this review paper. These pulsations, observed in many technical applications, have been identified as self-sustained aeroacoustic oscillations driven by the instability of the flow along the closed branches. The fundamental aspects of the flow induced pulsations are discussed, with particular attention to the description of the sound sources. A single mode model for the prediction of the self-sustained oscillations is presented, the “energy balance”. This model consists of the evaluation of the amplitude of each acoustic mode of the system by means of a balance between the acoustic source power and the acoustic power losses. The main components of this prediction method are discussed; these are the evaluation of the acoustic behavior of a pipe network and the modeling of the sound sources and the acoustic losses. Several field and scale model examples of pipe systems displaying self-sustained oscillations are presented, in order to discuss the parameters influencing the aeroacoustic behavior of pipe networks. Finally some counter-measures for the prevention of self-sustained oscillations are reviewed and perspectives for future work are considered.
Agent-based project scheduling (2000)

Agent technology offers a new way of thinking about many of the classic problems in operations research. Among these are problems such as project scheduling subject to resource constraints. In this paper, we develop and experimentally evaluate eight agent-based algorithms for solving the multimode, resource-constrained project scheduling problem. Our algorithms differ in the priority rules used to control agent access to resources. We apply our approach to a 51-activity project originally published by Maroto and Tormos [1] We solve the problem using two types of agent-based systems: (i) a system of simple, reactive agents that we call basic agents; and (ii) a system of more complex, deliberative agents that we call enhanced agents. Of the eight priority rules tested, we find that priority based on shortest processing time performs best in terms of schedule quality when applied by basic agents while the priority based on earliest due date performs best when applied by enhanced agents. In comparing agents across priority rules, we find that enhanced agents generate much better schedules (with makespans up to 66% shorter in some cases) and require only slightly more computation time
Glow discharge techniques for conditioning high-vacuum systems (1988)

A review is given of glow discharge techniques which are useful for conditioning vacuum vessels for high-vacuum applications. Substantial development of glow discharge techniques has been done for the purpose of in situ conditioning of the large ultrahigh vacuum systems for particle accelerators and magnetic fusion devices. In these applications the glow discharge treatments remove impurities from vessel surfaces in order to minimize particle-induced desorption coefficients. Cleaning mechanisms involve a mixture of sputtering and ion(or neutral)-induced desorption effects depending on the gas mixture (Ar/O2 vs H2) and excitation method (dc, rf, and electron cyclotron resonance). The author will review the methodology of glow discharge conditioning, diagnostic measurements provided by residual gas and surface composition analysis, and applications to vessel conditioning and materials processing.
Plasma-Assisted Production of Carbon Black and Carbon Nanotubes from Methane by Thermal Plasma Reform (2013)

A reforma de fontes de carbono por plasma térmico de argônio de elevada capacidade calorífica é um dos métodos mais promissores na síntese de novos materiais.Um método para a obtenção de negro de carbono e nanotubos de carbono através da pirólise do metano por plasma térmico de corrente contínua é relatado no presente trabalho.A reforma foi realizada na ausência de oxigênio utilizando um jato de plasma gerado por uma tocha de plasma de argônio.O produto sólido foi caracterizado por espectroscopia Raman e microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão.Os resultados mostraram que nanotubos de carbono foram produzidos na presença de catalisadores metálicos, enquanto que a formação de negro de carbono ocorreu na ausência de catalisadores no reator.A relação I D /I G obtida a partir dos espectros Raman indicou que a amostra obtida usando o catalisador 5%Ni/Al 2 O 3 apresentou nanotubos de carbono com maior pureza em relação aos outros catalisadores (10%Ni/Al 2 O 3 e 10%Ni-5%Ce/Al 2 O 3 ) testados.Thermal plasma processing of carbon sources using a plasma jet with high heat capacity is one of the most promising methods for the synthesis of new materials.A method for obtaining carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) through the pyrolysis of methane using a thermal plasma direct current (DC) system is reported herein.The cracking operation is performed in the absence of oxygen using an external power source, i.e., a plasma jet generated by an argon plasma torch.The obtained carbonaceous materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that CNT are produced in the presence of a catalyst while CB formation occurs without a catalyst.The Raman I D /I G ratio indicated that the sample obtained using a 5%Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst contains a higher quantity of pure CNT than the other catalysts tested (10%Ni/Al 2 O 3 and 10%Ni-5%Ce/Al 2 O 3 ).
Projections from C2 and C3 nerves supplying muscles and skin of the cat neck: A study using transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (1984)

Transganglionic transport of HRP has been used to trace the pathways and termination sites of cutaneous and muscle afferent axons entering from the C2 and C3 dorsal rami. The muscle afferent projection in the spinal cord is restricted and (apart from the ventral horn) largely confined to the intermediate gray matter. There is a muscle afferent projection to the ventrolateral main cuneate nucleus and a complex pattern of projection through the extent of the external cuneate nucleus. In contrast, the cutaneous spinal projection is abundant with extensive filling of axons in the tract of Lissauer and many termination sites in the lateral substantia gelatinosa. Axons enter the lateral gray matter of the cervical spinal cord from the dorsal columns and the dorsolateral funiculus and terminate in the lateral one-third of the dorsal horn as far rostral as the spinomedullary junction. Axons of the tract of Lissauer form a complex web around the dorsal horn and many penetrate rostrally to the region of the spinomedullary junction, where they terminate among clusters of interstitial cells on and close to the dorsal medullary surface. Cutaneous afferent axons from the dorsal columns turn into the main cuneate nucleus and enter a dense mass of HRP-reaction product which occupies the most ventrolateral part of the nucleus for its entire length.
Genome-Wide Identification of a Large Repertoire of <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> Type III Effector Proteins by a New Functional Screen (2010)

The gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum utilizes the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS) to cause disease in plants. To determine the entire repertoire of effector proteins possessed by R. solanacearum RS1000, we constructed a transposon carrying a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase reporter that can be used to specifically detect rip (Ralstonia protein injected into plant cells) genes by monitoring the cAMP level in plant leaves inoculated with insertion mutants. From the new functional screen using this transposon, we identified 38 new Rip proteins translocated into plant cells via the Hrp T3SS. In addition, most of the 34 known effectors of RS1000 could be detected by the screen, except for three effectors that appear to be small in size or only weakly expressed. Finally, we identified 72 Rips in RS1000, which include 68 effector proteins classified into over 50 families and four extracellular components of the Hrp T3SS. Interestingly, one-third of the effectors are specific to R. solanacearum. Many effector proteins contain various repeated amino acid sequences or known enzyme motifs. We also show that most of the R. solanacearum effector proteins, but not Hrp extracellular components, require an Hrp-associated protein, HpaB, for their effective translocation into plant cells.
Generating and measuring nondiffracting vector Bessel beams (2013)

Nondiffracting vector Bessel beams are of considerable interest due to their nondiffracting nature and unique high-numerical-aperture focusing properties. Here we demonstrate their creation by a simple procedure requiring only a spatial light modulator and an azimuthally varying birefringent plate, known as a q-plate. We extend our control of both the geometric and dynamic phases to perform a polarization and modal decomposition on the vector field. We study both single-charged Bessel beams as well as superpositions and find good agreement with theory. Since we are able to encode nondiffracting modes with circular polarizations possessing different orbital angular momenta, we suggest these modes will be of interest in optical trapping, microscopy, and optical communication.
Carbon Nanotubes as Nanoscale Mass Conveyors (2004)

Abstract The development of manipulation tools that are not too ‘fat’ or too ‘sticky’ for atomic scale assembly is an important challenge facing nanotechnology1. Impressive nanofabrication capabilities have been demonstrated with scanning probe manipulation of atoms2, 3, 4, 5 and molecules4, 6 on clean surfaces. However, as fabrication tools, both scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes suffer from a loading deficiency: although they can manipulate atoms already present, they cannot efficiently deliver atoms to the work area. Carbon nanotubes, with their hollow cores and large aspect ratios, have been suggested7, 8 as possible conduits for nanoscale amounts of material. Already much effort has been devoted to the filling of nanotubes8, 9, 10, 11 and the application of such techniques12, 13. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes have been used as probes in scanning probe microscopy14, 15, 16. If the atomic placement and manipulation capability already demonstrated by scanning probe microscopy could be combined with a nanotube delivery system, a formidable nanoassembly tool would result. Here we report the achievement of controllable, reversible atomic scale mass transport along carbon nanotubes, using indium metal as the prototype transport species. This transport process has similarities to conventional electromigration, a phenomenon of critical importance to the semiconductor industry17, 18.
1-D Modeling and Room Temperature Experimental Measurements of the Exhaust System Backpressure: Limits and Advantages in the Prediction of Backpressure (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It is well known that backpressure is one of the important parameters to be minimised during the exhaust system development. Unfortunately, during the first phases of an engineering process of a new engine, engine prototypes are not available yet. Due to this the exhaust system backpressure is generally evaluated using simulation software, and/or measuring the backpressure by a flow rig test at room temperature.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Goal of this paper is to compare exhaust backpressure results obtained respectively: i) at the room temperature flow rig; ii) at the engine dyno bench; iii) by simulation with one of the most common 1D fluidodynamics simulation tool (Gt-Power). A correlation of the three different techniques is presented.</div>
Multifunctional metamaterial pyroelectric infrared detectors (2017)

Pyroelectric materials enable the construction of high-performance yet low-cost and uncooled detectors throughout the infrared spectrum. These devices have been used as broadband sensors and, when combined with an interferometric element or filter, can provide spectral selectivity. Here we propose the concept of and demonstrate a new architecture that uses a multifunctional metamaterial absorber to directly absorb the incident longwave IR (8–12 μm) energy in a thin-film lithium niobate layer and also to function as the contacts for the two-terminal detector. Our device achieves a narrowband (560 nm FWHM at 10.73 μm), yet highly efficient (86%) absorption. The metamaterial creates high field concentration, reducing temperature fluctuation noise, and lowering device capacitance and loss tangent noise. The metamaterial design paradigm applied to detectors thus results in a very fast planar device with a thermal time constant of 28.9 ms with a room temperature detectivity, D*, of 107  cm W/Hz.
The Measurement and Deconvolution of Time Jitter in Equivalent-Time Waveform Samplers (1983)

The presence of time jitter between the trigger signal and the sampling strobe in an equivalent-time sampling oscilloscope can cause appreciable distortion of the recorded waveform. Under additive signal averaging conditions, a method has been developed to reduce this distortion. The method consists essentially of deconvolving a jitter-related effective impulse response from the recorded waveform data.
Effects of Thermal and Pressure Histories on the Chemical Strengthening of Sodium Aluminosilicate Glass (2016)

Glasses can be chemically strengthened through the ion exchange process, wherein smaller ions in the glass (e.g., Na+) are replaced by larger ions from a salt bath (e.g., K+). This develops a compressive stress (CS) on the glass surface, which, in turn, improves the damage resistance of the glass. The magnitude and depth of the generated CS depends on the thermal and pressure histories of the glass prior to ion exchange. In this study, we investigate the ion exchange-related properties (mutual diffusivity, CS, and hardness) of a sodium aluminosilicate glass, which has been densified through annealing below the initial fictive temperature of the glass or through pressure-quenching from the glass transition temperature at 1 GPa prior to ion exchange. We show that the rate of alkali interdiffusivity depends only on the density of the glass, rather than on the applied densification method. However, we also demonstrate that for a given density, the increase in CS and increase in hardness induced by ion exchange strongly depends on the densification method. Specifically, at constant density, the CS and hardness values achieved through thermal annealing are larger than those achieved through pressure-quenching. These results are discussed in relation to the structural changes in the environment of the network-modifier and the overall network densification.
Defective nephrin trafficking caused by missense mutations in the NPHS1 gene: insight into the mechanisms of congenital nephrotic syndrome (2001)

Congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF or NPHS1) is an autosomal recessive kidney disorder resulting in severe proteinurea and renal dysfunction. Although the disease occurs predominantly in the Finnish population, many cases in other populations have also been reported. The disease gene (NPHS1) encodes nephrin, a podocyte transmembrane protein that is an essential component of the podocyte slit diaphragm, the renal ultrafilter. Since the discovery of the gene, many mutations have been reported in the NPHS1 gene in patients with diverse ethnic background. A surprisingly large number of these mutations are missense mutations resulting in single amino acid substitutions. In order to study the pathomechanism of these missense mutations, we have investigated the fate of 21 such mutations hitherto identified in NPHS1 patients. Immunostaining of stable transfected cells expressing the nephrin mutants demonstrated that most of the mutants showed only endoplasmic reticulum (ER) staining and no detectable cell surface localization. Immunoelectron microscopy of cells expressing the wild-type and a mutant nephrin further confirmed that the mutant nephrin could be abundantly found in the ER but not on the plasma membrane. Subcellular fractionation of wild-type and a mutant cell line clearly showed an altered subcellular distribution and molecular mobility of the mutant nephrin. In summary, our data indicate that a defective intracellular nephrin transport, most likely due to misfolding, is the most common consequence of missense mutations in NPHS1.
Capacitive fringing field sensors in printed circuit board technology (2010)

Capacitive fringing field sensors utilizing interdigitated electrode structures have been utilized in many applications. Printed circuit board technology is useful for realizing this type of sensor architecture by fabricating the interdigitated electrode structures in the patterned Cu foil. Furthermore, the solder mask coating is useful for insulating the electrodes to prevent shorting in the presence of water. Using this approach, prototype sensors were designed, simulated, fabricated and successfully evaluated. Applications include water detection and quantity measurement, and soil moisture content measurement.
The value of channel prediction in CoMP systems with large backhaul latency (2012)

The quality of channel state information (CSI) has large impact on the performance of coordinated multi-point (CoMP) systems. In this paper we study the impact of channel prediction on the performance of coherent CoMP transmission in time-varying channels with large backhaul latency. We resort to large system analysis to derive an explicit expression of the average user rate of the CoMP system when predicted channels are employed for downlink precoding. By comparing with the Non-CoMP systems, we find that channel prediction brings much higher performance gain to CoMP systems with respect to channel estimation. As a result, a CoMP system can perform well for mobile users even under large backhaul latency, if channel prediction will be used instead of channel estimation. Simulation results are provided to validate our analysis.
Scaling MANETs Using Long-Range Radios and Protocol Adaptation (2013)

In this paper, we present a solution to the problem of scaling MANETs beyond 100 nodes, while providing service levels comparable to cellular networks. Flat MANETs are limited to about 100 nodes due to the high overhead of control traffic and the high inefficiency of multi-hop forwarding (Gupta-Kumar bound). Hierarchical (such as cellular) networks scale indefinitely, but do not provide uniform geographic coverage, and require pervasive infrastructure. Assuming a minimal infrastructure consisting of a fixed long-range radio, we have developed a networking system called MIANET that efficiently exploits the limited resources of this infrastructure. Specifically, MIANET drastically limits the control traffic overhead by (1) identifying "operating regimes" within the MANET that share common network and application requirements, and (2) tailoring data forwarding protocols based on the operating regime. Moreover, MIANET maximizes the benefits of fixed wireless radio by selecting to forward over this radio the data and control traffic requiring the most MANET resources (such as longest MANET paths). We have shown in emulation experiments that MIANET increases the maximum MANET size providing acceptable goodput from 100 to at least 500 nodes, compared to standard MANET forwarding using link-state routing or flooding.
Durability of polymeric encapsulation materials for concentrating photovoltaic systems (2012)

ABSTRACT The durability of polymeric encapsulation materials was examined using outdoor exposure at the nominal optical concentration of 500 suns. The results for 12 months' cumulative field deployment are presented for materials including ethylene‐ co ‐vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ionomer, polyethylene/polyoctene copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane, poly(dimethylsiloxane), and poly(phenyl‐methyl siloxane). Measurements during the experiment included optical transmittance (direct and hemispherical), mass, visual appearance, and fluorescence spectroscopy in addition to the initial thermogravimetry of the materials. Measurements of the field conditions and ultraviolet dose at the test site were facilitated by numerous laboratory instruments; characterization of the specimen temperature was performed using thermography. Discovery experiments identified the importance of a secondary homogenizer optic and the importance of contamination control. To date, the formal experiment verified a thermal‐runaway‐motivated combustion failure mechanism for one of the PVB formulations and identified densification, cracking, and haze‐formation behaviors in some of the silicone specimens. The behaviors observed for the silicone specimens may be facilitated by their greater thickness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RECESSIVE UAA SUPPRESSORS OF THE YEAST <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i> (1982)

Recessive lysine-independent revertants were isolated from a psi + haploid strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing one of the leucine-inserting UAA suppressors, SUP29, and various UAA mutations including lys1-1. The majority of the revertants were found to have recessive suppressors in addition to the pre-existing SUP29 mutation. The recessive suppressors were able to suppress only a very limited number of UAA mutations, and none of the UAG mutations thus far examined. The recessive inefficient UAA suppressors were assigned to three complementation groups, sup111, sup112, and sup113. A high incidence of gene conversion was observed for an allele of sup111. An antisuppressor acting on sup111, but not detectably on SUP29, was inadvertently obtained during the course of the study. Interactions between SUP29, sup111 and the antisuppressor asu12 were studied.
Biochemistry and molecular biology of regulation of starch synthesis (1987)

Regulation of plant starch synthesis occurs at the level of ADPglc synthetase. 3-P-glycerate (3PGA) activates and P/sub i/ inhibits ADPG synthesis. 3PGA at high concentrations reverses P/sub i/ inhibition. Pyridoxal-P (PLP) activates the spinach leaf enzyme about 5- to 6-fold, but is not as effective as 3PGA which stimulates ADPglc synthesis 20-fold. PLP competes with 3PGA as an activator and reverses P/sub i/ inhibition thus suggesting that PLP binds at or close to the activator site. Reductive phosphopyridoxylation of the spinach leaf ADPglc synthetase with NaBH4 yields an enzyme with 5- to 6-fold higher activity in the absence of activator than the untreated enzyme when about 0.5 mol of (TH)-PLP is bound per mole of native enzyme. This modified enzyme is highly resistant to P/sub i/ inhibition in contrast to the treated enzyme. (TH)-PLP is incorporated into both 54 KD and 51 KD subunits of the enzyme. Incorporation into both peptides is inhibited by both 3PGA and P/sub i/. After incorporation of (TH)-PLP, the 51 KD subunit has been separated from the 54 KD subunit and subjected to tryptic digestion. A major radioactive peptide has been purified by HPLC and sequenced. The determined sequence was Ser-Gly-Ile-Val-Thr-Val-Ile-Lys-Asp-Ala-Leu-Ile-Pro-(Ser)- and is very similarmore » to the deduced amino acid sequence obtained from a cDNA clone of the rice endosperm ADPglc synthetase gene. The amino acid sequence, the putative activator binding region, is situated near the C-terminus.« less