gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Enhancement of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 DNA Replication in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> Eggs by the E6 Gene Product (1989)

Genetic analyses of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNA in transformed mammalian cells have indicated that the E6 gene product is essential for the establishment and maintenance of a high plasmid copy number. In order to analyze the direct effect of the E6 protein on the replication of a BPV-1-derived plasmid, a cDNA containing the BPV-1 E6 open reading frame was subcloned into an SP6 vector for the in vitro synthesis of the corresponding mRNA. The SP6 E6 mRNA was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes to determine the subcellular localization of the E6 gene product and to analyze the effect of the protein on BPV-1 DNA replication. SP6 E6 mRNA microinjected into stage VI oocytes was translated into a 15.5-kilodalton protein that was specifically immunoprecipitated by antibodies directed against the E6 gene product. The E6 protein preferentially accumulated in oocyte nuclei, a localization which is consistent with the replicative functions in which it has been implicated. The expression of E6 in replication-competent mature oocytes selectively enhanced the replication of a BPV-derived plasmid, indicating a direct role for this gene product in the control of BPV-1 DNA replication.
Von Hippel-Lindau disease: gene to bedside (2001)

Von Hippel-Lindau is an autosomal dominant familial tumor syndrome with a risk of developing central nervous system and retinal hemangioblastomas, kidney cysts and clear cell carcinoma, cyst adenomas of other organs and pheochromocytoma. Despite continued elaboration of the neurobiologic role of the von Hippel-Lindau protein, the mainstay of management remains the definitive clinical diagnosis of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (as distinct from sporadic cases of single von Hippel-Lindau-associated tumors), clinical monitoring and preemptive intervention by surgical or ablative therapy. Specific pharmacologic treatment awaits further biologic understanding of critical pathogenic components. Increasingly sensitive imaging and surgical techniques allow for optimum clinical management and intervention. This article will review von Hippel-Lindau molecular genetics, genotype-phenotype correlations and clinical classification, current understanding of the biology of the von Hippel-Lindau protein, its role in the pathophysiology of this disorder and the consequent implications for future therapeutic/interventional strategies. Central nervous system manifestations will be highlighted.
Interconnections between apoptotic, autophagic and necrotic pathways: implications for cancer therapy development (2013)

The rapid accumulation of knowledge on apoptosis regulation in the 1990s was followed by the development of several experimental anticancer- and anti-ischaemia (stroke or myocardial infarction) drugs. Activation of apoptotic pathways or the removal of cellular apoptotic inhibitors has been suggested to aid cancer therapy and the inhibition of apoptosis was thought to limit ischaemia-induced damage. However, initial clinical studies on apoptosis-modulating drugs led to unexpected results in different clinical conditions and this may have been due to co-effects on non-apoptotic interconnected cell death mechanisms and the 'yin-yang' role of autophagy in survival versus cell death. In this review, we extend the analysis of cell death beyond apoptosis. Upon introduction of molecular pathways governing autophagy and necrosis (also called necroptosis or programmed necrosis), we focus on the interconnected character of cell death signals and on the shared cell death processes involving mitochondria (e.g. mitophagy and mitoptosis) and molecular signals playing prominent roles in multiple pathways (e.g. Bcl2-family members and p53). We also briefly highlight stress-induced cell senescence that plays a role not only in organismal ageing but also offers the development of novel anticancer strategies. Finally, we briefly illustrate the interconnected character of cell death forms in clinical settings while discussing irradiation-induced mitotic catastrophe. The signalling pathways are discussed in their relation to cancer biology and treatment approaches.
Theoretical and experimental study of turbine flowmeters (1992)

A vortex shedding model is developed to predict the flow fields\naround turbine flowmeter blades. This model is used to simulate the\nflow separation and reattachment in the leading edge areas and the\nwake flows of the blades. Lewis's inverse blade design method is\ndeveloped and quite successfully applied to simulate the displacement\neffect of the separation bubbles in the leading edge areas.\nA new method is introduced to apply the Kutta condition in\nunsteady flows around the blades wi th separation points on a blade\nsurface or the flow with blade interaction. This method does not\nrequire a large amount of iterative calculation.\nA model is built up to predict the turbine flowmeter performance\nwhen the inlet flow conditions are known. The panel method is applied\nto predict the inlet flow conditions for the cases without inlet\nswirl.\nAn experimental study of the flow inside a turbine flowmeter is\ncarried out using Laser Doppler Anemometry(LDA) to measure the\nthroughout velocity fields around a flowmeter at different flowrates\nand with different inlet swirls. A clear picture of the flow field is\nthus obtained. The measured resul ts are also used to validate the\ndeveloped turbine flowmeter performance prediction model.\nThe numerical prediction are tested with experimental results. The\ntheoretical and experimental data agree with each other very well in\nthe cases without inlet swirl and reasonably ",ell in other tested\ncases with inlet swirl.
Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of new chiral 5-alkyl-3-(1′-benzenesulfonylpyrrolidin-2′-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-6-ones (2010)

Chiral α-bromoacid chlorides can be easily prepared from amino acids. Their condensation with new 1-benzenesulfonylpyrrolidin-2-carboxamidoxime derived from proline lead to the corresponding O -(bromoacyl) amidoximes. The latter afforded new chiral 5-alkyl-3-(1′-benzenesulfonylpyrrolidin-2′-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4oxadiazin-6-ones in good chemical yields via intramolecular cyclization in the presence of one equivalent of NaH. These new compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities using micro-dilution tests against some strains of bacteria and fungi. Our compounds showed an excellent antibacterial activity, which is better than the drug levofloxacin.
Frequency-tuned continuous true-time delay by optical coherent transient technology (2003)

Summary form only given. A practical device creating a variable RF true-time delay (TTD) for signals on an optical carrier would be useful in array antennas. An optical coherent transient (OCT)-TTD device could provide high-resolution delays (/spl sim/1 ps) over a wide range (/spl sim/1 /spl mu/s), for high bandwidth signals (/spl sim/10 GHz) with currently available materials. In previously demonstrated OCT-TTD devices, two optical pulses separated in time and space program a delay in an absorbing medium as a spatial-spectral grating on an inhomogeneously broadened transition (IBT). In the paper, we experimentally demonstrate widely tunable OCT-TTD of a continuous optical data stream without changing the timing between the programming pulses.
Large-scale multimedia data mining using MapReduce framework (2012)

In this paper, the framework of MapReduce is explored for large-scale multimedia data mining. Firstly, a brief overview of MapReduce and Hadoop is presented to speed up large-scale multimedia data mining. Then, the high-level theory and low-level implementation for several key computer vision technologies involved in this work are introduced, such as 2D/3D interest point detection, clustering, bag of features, and so on. Experimental results on image classification, video event detection and near-duplicate video retrieval are carried out on a five-node Hadoop cluster to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed MapReduce framework for large-scale multimedia data mining applications.
Antiviral Effect of <i>N</i> -Butyldeoxynojirimycin against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Correlates with Misfolding of E2 Envelope Proteins and Impairment of Their Association into E1-E2 Heterodimers (2001)

The iminosugar N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), an endoplasmic reticulum alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has an antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). In this report, we investigate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition by studying the folding pathway of BVDV envelope glycoproteins in the presence and absence of NB-DNJ. Our results show that, while the disulfide-dependent folding of E2 glycoprotein occurs rapidly (2.5 min), the folding of E1 occurs slowly (30 min). Both BVDV envelope glycoproteins associate rapidly with calnexin and dissociate with different kinetics. The release of E1 from the interaction with calnexin coincides with the beginning of E1 and E2 association into disulfide-linked heterodimers. In the presence of NB-DNJ, the interaction of E1 and E2 with calnexin is prevented, leading to misfolding of the envelope glycoproteins and inefficient formation of E1-E2 heterodimers. The degree of misfolding and the lack of association of E1 and E2 into disulfide-linked complexes in the presence of NB-DNJ correlate with the dose-dependent antiviral effect observed for this iminosugar.
Using Functional Nano- and Microparticles for the Preparation of Metal–Organic Framework Composites with Novel Properties (2013)

A critical materials challenge over the next quarter century is the sustainable use and management of the world's natural resources, particularly the scarcest of them. Chemistry's ability to get more from less is epitomized by porous coordination polymers, also known as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which use a minimum amount of material to build maximum surface areas with fine control over pore size. Their large specific surface area and tunable porosity make MOFs useful for applications including small-molecule sensing, separation, catalysis, and storage and release of molecules of interest. Proof-of-concept projects have demonstrated their potential for environmental applications such as carbon separation and capture, water purification, carcinogen sequestration, byproduct separation, and resource recovery. To translate these from the laboratory into devices for actual use, however, will require synthesis of MOFs with new functionality and structure. This Account summarizes recent progress in the use of nano- and microparticles to control the function, location, and 3D structure of MOFs during MOF self-assembly, creating novel, hybrid, multifunctional, ultraporous materials as a first step towards creating MOF-based devices. The use of preformed ceramic, metallic, semiconductive, or polymeric particles allows the particle preparation process to be completely independent of the MOF synthesis, incorporating nucleating, luminescent, magnetic, catalytic, or templating particles into the MOF structure. We discuss success in combining functional nanoparticles and porous crystals for applications including molecular sieve detectors, repositionable and highly sensitive sensors, pollutant-sequestering materials, microfluidic microcarriers, drug-delivery materials, separators, and size-selective catalysts. In sections within the Account, we describe how functional particles can be used for (1) heterogeneous nucleation (seeding) of MOFs, (2) preparation of framework composites with novel properties, (3) MOF positioning on a substrate (patterning), and (4) synthesis of MOFs with novel architectures.
Family, Sociology of (2017)

Sociology of family is the area devoted to the study of the family as an institution central to social life. The basic assumptions of the area include the universality of family, the inevitable variation of family forms, and the necessity of family for integrating individuals into social worlds. Family sociology is generally concerned with the formation, maintenance, growth, and dissolution of kinship ties and is commonly expressed in research on courtship and marriage, child‐rearing, marital adjustment, and divorce. These areas of research expanded in the twentieth century to encompass an endless diversity of topics related to gender, sexuality, intimacy, affection, and anything that can be considered family related.
32-Bit SIMD SHARC Architecture Digital Audio Signal Processing Applications (2000)

This paper examines desirable architectural features of a new 32-bit single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) digital signal processor (DSP) based on a modified Harvard architecture for implementation of real-time professional and consumer audio applications. The discussion begins by covering important audio processor-specific characteristics of this SIMD architecture, such as native data-word size, dynamic range/signal-to-noise ratio capabilities, memory organization, processor speed, performance benchmarks, and input/output (I/O) capabilities. We will then highlight a couple of example DSP audio algorithms to demonstrate the benefits of such an architecture, which can speed up algorithmic execution by as much as a factor of 5 over earlier single-instruction single-data SISD super-Harvard architectures (SHARC).
SAFETY OF TRANSFOVEAL SUBTHRESHOLD DIODE MICROPULSE LASER FOR FOVEA-INVOLVING DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA IN EYES WITH GOOD VISUAL ACUITY (2014)

In a small retrospective series, transfoveal subthreshold diode micropulse laser was safe and effective for the treatment of fovea-involving diabetic macular edema in eyes with good preoperative visual acuity that were not the candidates for conventional photocoagulation or intravitreal injection. Further study is warranted.
Self-induced optical modulation of the transmission through a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator (2006)

Direct time-domain observations are reported of a low-power, self-induced modulation of the transmitted optical power through a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator. Above a threshold input power of 60 microW the transmission versus wavelength deviates from a simple optical bistability behavior, and the transmission intensity becomes highly oscillatory in nature. The transmission oscillations are seen to consist of a train of sharp transmission dips of width approximately 100 ns and period close to 1 micros. A model of the system is developed incorporating thermal and free-carrier dynamics, and is compared to the observed behavior. Good agreement is found, and the self-induced optical modulation is attributed to a nonlinear interaction between competing free-carrier and phonon populations within the microdisk.
Long-Range and Broadband Aerial Communication Using Directional Antennas (ACDA): Design and Implementation (2017)

In this paper, we design and implement a long-range and broadband aerial communication system using directional antennas (ACDA). The system integrates Wi-Fi devices with aerial networks to quickly establish a Wi-Fi infrastructure in the air, which provides real-time communication capability for disasters where a fixed communication infrastructure does not exist. ACDA utilizes unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-carried directional antennas to extend communication range, increase throughput, and reduce interference. A GPS-based control algorithm is designed and implemented to automatically reject wind disturbance and align the directions of antennas in accordance with UAV movement. A received signal strength indicator-based decentralized initial scan algorithm is also designed and implemented to quickly establish initial connection between the UAVs. Simulation studies verify the effectiveness of the heading control and initial scan algorithm. Field tests are also conducted to evaluate the performance of overall system in terms of throughput and delay with respect to the increase of communication range. The ACDA prototype system achieves 48 Mb/s throughput at a distance of 300 m and 2 Mb/s at 5000 m, and proves the promising usage of directional antennas for long-distance Wi-Fi aerial communication. Practical use of this on-demand communication system to aid emergency response is also demonstrated through a case study in a real disaster drill.
Mechanism study of Herba Centipedae in the treatment of asthma based on network pharmacology (2020)

Objective
To explore the mechanism of Herba Centipedae in the treatment of asthma by screening out the active ingredients and targets, so as to construct a target-pathway network.


Methods
Based on TCMSP and Drugbank database to screen out active ingredients and corresponding targets of Herba Centipedae by using Cytoscape software to construct the interactive network among targets and the crosslink analysis to screen out the potential ingredients and targets of Herba Centipedae in the treatment of asthma . Finally, the information of signaling pathway was obtained after the GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed based on DAVID database, and then the ingredient-target-pathway network model was established.


Results
Expect to get 15 active ingredients, and 75 targets. And futher predict that the mechanism may relate to chemokine activity signaling pathway, extracellular space signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Among the pathways, IL6, TNF, MAPK1, TP53, JUN genes may play a crucial role.


Conclusions
Based on the network of pharmacology, this study focuses on the characteristics of the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway of Herba Centipedae in the treatment of asthma.


Key words: 
Herba Centipedae; Asthma; Network pharmacology; Target; Signaling pathway
A low-temperature route to InP nanocrystals (1999)

Nanocrystalline InP was prepared at temperatures of 80-160 °C through a novel route: 4InCl 3 +12KBH 4 +P 4 → en 4InP. Mean crystallite dimensions of 11.3-20 nm were determined from X-ray powder diffraction. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the products were 15-20 nm spherical grains when prepared at 120 °C and 150×1500 nm rod-like grains at 160 °C. The reaction proceeds through a metallic indium intermediate and a solution-liquid-solid mechanism is proposed for the one-dimensional growth. The products were also investigated by UV/vis absorption, photoluminescence, Fourier-transform IR, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
HPR1, a novel yeast gene that prevents intrachromosomal excision recombination, shows carboxy-terminal homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TOP1 gene. (1990)

The HPR1 gene has been cloned by complementation of the hyperrecombination phenotype of hpr1-1 strains by using a color assay system. HPR1 is a gene that is in single copy on chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, closely linked to ARO1, and it codes for a putative protein of 752 amino acids (molecular mass, 88 kilodaltons). Computer searches revealed homology (48.8% conserved homology; 24.8% identity) with the S. cerevisiae TOP1 gene in an alpha-helical stretch of 129 amino acids near the carboxy-terminal region of both proteins. The ethyl methanesulfonate-induced hpr1-1 mutation is a single-base change that produces a stop codon at amino acid 559 coding for a protein that lacks the carboxy-terminal TOP1 homologous region. Haploid strains carrying deletions of the HPR1 gene show a slightly reduced mitotic growth rate and extremely high rates of intrachromosomal excision recombination (frequency, 10 to 15%) but have a undetectable effect on rDNA recombination. Double-null mutants hpr1 top1 grow very poorly. We conclude that Hpr1 is a novel eucaryotic protein, mutation of which causes an increase in mitotic intrachromosomal excision recombination, and that it may be functionally related to an activity of the topoisomerase I protein.
Au–sn SLID bonding: Fluxless bonding with high temperature stability to above 350 ° c (2009)

A fluxless SLID (Solid-Liquid Inter Diffusion) bonding process based on Au and Sn, where the final bond consists of intermetallics with high melting point, is presented. The decomposition temperature of the bond was tested by applying shear force while heating bonded samples. No bond delamination was observed for temperatures up to 350–400 °C, which is 100 °C higher than the melting temperature of the commonly used eutectic Au–Sn bonds (80 wt% Au, melting at 278 °C). The Au–Sn metal system is of great interest since it is oxidation resistant, allowing fluxless bonding. The high temperature stability of the presented process opens the possibility to use Au–Sn bonding for true high-temperature applications. The bonded samples had electroplated Au–Sn layers, with an overall composition of 8 wt% Sn (13 at% Sn), thus being a surplus of Au relative to the eutectic point. The Sn layer was converted to an intermetallic compound prior to bonding. No flux agent or chemical surface treatment was used. SEM/ EDS analysis of cross-sections shows uniform bond lines consisting of a layered structure: Au / Au–Sn-alloy / Au. The bonding alloy, being rich in Au, was identified as the ζ/ ζ' phase (Au 5 Sn). This phase, with a melting point up to 519 °C, explains the elevated delamination temperature of the bonded samples. Since the Au–Sn phase diagram does not contain room-temperature phases between the ζ' phase (Au 5 Sn) and the Au phase, the bond is expected to be stable over time.
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Upregulates Paraoxonase 2 Expression in Macrophages Via an NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mechanism (2008)

Upregulation of macrophage PON2 may provide a compensatory protective mechanism against uPA-stimulation of macrophage oxidative stress during atherogenesis.
Efficacy of Intravenous Sotalol for Treatment of Incessant Tachyarrhythmias in Children (2017)

Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) sotalol in the treatment of incessant tachyarrhythmias in children with normal cardiac function. Eighty-three children admitted to hospital from October 2011 to December 2014 were treated with IV sotalol or IV sotalol plus IV propafenone. The time to conversion to sinus rhythm and maintaining sinus rhythm were evaluated. Blood pressure, heart rate, QTc, PR intervals, and rhythm were monitored; 50 patients (60%) were converted to sinus rhythm with IV sotalol; time to conversion was 12.0 ± 18.0 hours; 12 additional patients (15%) were converted with IV sotalol combined with IV propafenone; time to conversion was 13.1 ± 17.6 hours. A total of 62 patients (75%) were converted. Success rates of IV sotalol for different tachycardias were similar, whereas the time to conversion differed. The time to conversion for atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia was shorter than atrial tachycardia or atrial flutter (p <0.05). QTc prolongation (from 253 to 486 ms and from 398 ms to 500 ms) was seen in 2 patients (2%) within 48 hours after conversion. The QTc reverted to normal range at 48 and 144 hours, respectively, after withdrawal of IV sotalol. A 1 month old with atrial flutter developed bradycardia (7:1 atrioventricular conduction) 5 minutes after IV sotalol, and heart rate increased gradually after drug withdrawal. No other adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, IV sotalol can be safely and effectively used to terminate pediatric tachycardias in patients with normal cardiac function. No proarrhythmic or significant toxicities were detected. Close monitoring of QTc and heart rate is required after IV sotalol. Adding IV propafenone to IV sotalol in resistant cases enhance conversion.