gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power ridge-waveguide AlGaAs GRIN-SCH laser diode (1986)

AlGaAs ridge single-quantum-well graded-index separate confinement heterostructure (SQW GRIN-SCH) lasers with typical threshold currents of 9 mA and differential quantum efficiencies between 80% and 85% for 0.4 mm-long cavities have been fabricated with molecular beam epitaxy. Continuous-wave light output increases linearly with the drive current up to approximately 15 times the threshold current. The lasers fail catastrophically at power levels between 65 mW/facet and 85 mW/facet, corresponding to power densities between 2.6 MW/cm2 and 3.4 MW/cm2.
Diacylglycerol kinase ɛ regulates seizure susceptibility and long-term potentiation through arachidonoyl– inositol lipid signaling (2001)

Arachidonoyldiacylglycerol (20:4-DAG) is a second messenger derived from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and generated by stimulation of glutamate metabotropic receptors linked to G proteins and activation of phospholipase C. 20:4-DAG signaling is terminated by its phosphorylation to phosphatidic acid, catalyzed by diacylglycerol kinase (DGK). We have cloned the murine DGKepsilon gene that showed, when expressed in COS-7 cells, selectivity for 20:4-DAG. The significance of DGKepsilon in synaptic function was investigated in mice with targeted disruption of the DGKepsilon. DGKepsilon(-/-) mice showed a higher resistance to electroconvulsive shock with shorter tonic seizures and faster recovery than DGKepsilon(+/+) mice. The phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-signaling pathway in cerebral cortex was greatly affected, leading to lower accumulation of 20:4-DAG and free 20:4. Also, long-term potentiation was attenuated in perforant path-dentate granular cell synapses. We propose that DGKepsilon contributes to modulate neuronal signaling pathways linked to synaptic activity, neuronal plasticity, and epileptogenesis.
Optimization of 2-Anilino 4-Amino Substituted Quinazolines into Potent Antimalarial Agents with Oral in Vivo Activity (2017)

Novel antimalarial therapeutics that target multiple stages of the parasite lifecycle are urgently required to tackle the emerging problem of resistance with current drugs. Here, we describe the optimization of the 2-anilino quinazoline class as antimalarial agents. The class, identified from publicly available antimalarial screening data, was optimized to generate lead compounds that possess potent antimalarial activity against P. falciparum parasites comparable to the known antimalarials, chloroquine and mefloquine. During the optimization process, we defined the functionality necessary for activity and improved in vitro metabolism and solubility. The resultant lead compounds possess potent activity against a multidrug resistant strain of P. falciparum and arrest parasites at the ring phase of the asexual stage and also gametocytogensis. Finally, we show that the lead compounds are orally efficacious in a 4 day murine model of malaria disease burden.
‘Bucky gel’ of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as electrodes for high performance, flexible electric double layer capacitors (2013)

We report the preparation of a gelled form of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methyl pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (BMPTFSI)), referred to as 'bucky gel', to be used as binderless electrodes in electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The characteristics of gelled MWCNTs are compared with pristine MWCNTs using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Raman studies. A gel polymer electrolyte film consisting of a blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and BMPTFSI, exhibiting a room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.5 × 10(-3) S cm(-1), shows its suitability as an electrolyte/separator in flexible EDLCs. The performance of EDLCs, assembled with bucky gel electrodes, using impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge analyses, are compared with those fabricated with pristine MWCNT-electrodes. An improvement in specific capacitance (from 19.6 to 51.3 F g(-1)) is noted when pristine MWCNTs are replaced by gelled MWCNT-binderless electrodes. Although the rate performance of the EDLCs with gelled MWCNT-electrodes is reduced, the pulse power of the device is sufficiently high (~10.5 kW kg(-1)). The gelled electrodes offer improvements in energy and power densities from 2.8 to 8.0 Wh kg(-1) and 2.0 to 4.7 kW kg(-1), respectively. Studies indicate that the gel formation of MWCNTs with ionic liquid is an excellent route to obtain high-performance EDLCs.
Experimental characterization of submarine “open cable” using Gaussian-Noise model and OSNRWET parameter (2017)

With the coherent era, a new parameter called OSNRWET is experimentally studied for “open cable” characterization. A +/−0.3dB maximum deviation from the average is found for 3 modulation formats, 3 channel spacings and 3 distances.
Hydrocolloid Printing: A Novel Platform for Customized Food Production (2009)

Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) of food has the potential to drastically impact both culinary professionals and laypeople; the technology will fundamentally change the ways we produce and experience food. Several imposing barriers to food-SFF have been overcome by recent open-source printing projects. Now, materials issues present the greatest challenge. While the culinary field of molecular gastronomy can solve many of these challenges, careful attention must be given to contain materials-set bloat. Using a novel combination of hydrocolloids (xanthium gum and gelatin) and flavor agents, texture and flavor can be independently tuned to produce printing materials that simulate a broad range of foods, with only a minimal number of materials. In addition to extensively exploring future applications of food-SFF, we also present a rigorous proof-of-concept investigation of hydrocolloids for food-SFF. A two-dimensional mouthfeel rating system was created (stiffness vs. granularity) and various hydrocolloid mixtures were characterized via an expert panel of taste testers.
Nanosecond Plasma Ignition for Improved Performance of an Internal Combustion Engine (2007)

Transient plasma, or plasma during a formative true nonequilibrated phase, is studied as an ignition methodology in comparison with traditional spark ignition (2.5-3 ms and 80 mJ) in a single-cylinder gasoline internal combustion engine. Transient plasmas were generated by applying high-voltage pulses that had comparable energy but that were applied for times that were three to four orders of magnitude shorter-85-ns 60-mJ and 20-ns 57-mJ pulses. These created volume-distributed arrays of streamers, which produced electronically excited species during nanosecond time scales. Reductions in ignition delay, higher peak pressure, and increased net heat release ratio relative to conventional spark ignition were observed in these studies. Transient plasma ignition is demonstrated to initiate combustion rapidly, approaching an ideal constant volume cycle; has potential for improving lean combustion operation; is energy efficient; and is potentially useful for gasoline engine emissions reduction.
Resonant-Raman Spectroscopy of Nano-Carbon (2002)

Carbon nanotubes and nano-graphite are called as nano-carbons made of graphene skeleton. Resonant Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool to investigate the special electronic and phonon structures of nano-carbons. Although Raman spectroscopy has been used for characterizing carbon materials for long years, the origin of some weak Raman spectra is not always clearly understood. The recent progress of Raman spectroscopy has provided a new concept such as double resonance Raman theory for the undefined spectra observed not only in nano-carbon but also in conventional carbon materials. Especially single nanotube spectroscopy becomes a standard technique in which we measure with no-contact, at room-temperature and ambient pressure.
Development of prosthesis for replacement of upper limb prehensile function in amputee users (2018)

This paper exposes the main features of the device designed to meet the specific needs of a plumber whose arm was amputated. It has the possibility of direct control through pedals, or indirectly through the muscle signal. At the same time, it is possible to exchange various clamping tools (pliers, clamps, etc.) and cut facilitating the work, labor inclusion and the autonomy.
Pinniped Diphyly and Bat Triphyly: More Homology Errors Drive Conflicts in the Mammalian Tree (2017)

Homology is perhaps the most central concept of phylogenetic biology. At difficult to resolve polytomies that are deep in the Tree of Life, a few homology errors in phylogenomic data can drive spurious phylogenetic results. Feijoo and Parada (2017) assembled three phylogenomic data sets for mammals and reported methodological discrepancies and unexpected results that contradict the monophyly of well-established clades in Pinnipedia and Yangochiroptera. Examination of Feijoo and Parada's (2017) data sets reveals extensive homology errors (paralogous sequences, alignments of different exons to each other) and cross-contamination of sequences from different species. These problems predictably result in distorted estimates of gene trees, species trees, bootstrap support, and branch lengths. Correction of these errors resulted in robust support for conventional relationships in Pinnipedia and Yangochiroptera. Phylogenomic data sets are not immune to the problems of homology errors in sequence alignments. Rather, sequence alignments underlie all inferences in molecular phylogenetics and evolution and should be spot-checked for obvious errors via manual inspection of alignments and gene trees.
Effect of preheat time–temperature cycles on development of microstructure and properties of extrusions prepared from Al–Fe–Mn rapidly solidified povvders (1986)

AbstractThe transformation of rapidly solidified structures during preheating and extrusion has been investigated by using X-ray techniques and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the rapidly solidified phases are generally unstable at processing temperatures and transform to equilibrium phases upon exposure to temperatures greater than 400°C. Transformation is an order of magnitude faster under the influence of stress during an extrusion cycle. The effect of increasing compact preheat time leads to substantial coarsening of the microstructure, which has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties. The effect of preheat time–temperature cycles has been investigated by comparing the microstructure and mechanical properties of extrudates produced from induction heated compacts (preheat time 4–5 min) and air heated compacts (preheat time 75 min).Significant property improvements are obtained in extrudates produced from rapidly heated compacts. The results indicate that the properties vary significantly if the preheat time–temperature cycles are varied.MST/196
Costimulation via lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 in the absence of CD28 ligation promotes anergy of naïve CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells (2000)

The mechanisms controlling induction of anergy at the level of naive CD4+ T cells are poorly understood but thought to reflect limited contact with costimulatory molecules during T cell antigen receptor (TCR) ligation. To clarify this question, naive TCR transgenic CD4+ cells were exposed to specific peptide presented by transfected antigen-presenting cells (APC) expressing MHC class II molecules with defined accessory molecules. Significantly, culturing CD4(+) cells with APC expressing MHC II plus peptide alone elicited early TCR signaling but failed to induce either proliferation or anergy. Culture with APC expressing MHC II plus B7 molecules led to strong proliferation and T cell priming but no anergy. In marked contrast, conspicuous induction of anergy occurred after T cell culture with APC expressing MHC class II and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Thus, at the level of naive CD4(+) cells, anergy induction appears to reflect selective contact with APC expressing ICAM-1 in the absence of B7.
Isoform differences in substrate recognition by glycogen synthase kinases 3.alpha. and 3.beta. in the phosphorylation of phosphatase inhibitor 2 (1994)

Phosphorylation of inhibitor 2, the regulatory subunit of the ATP-Mg-dependent protein phosphatase, by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) causes activation of the phosphatase. Prior phosphorylation by casein kinase II has been shown to enhance both phosphorylation and activation of the phosphatase by GSK-3 (DePaoli-Roach, A. A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12144-12152). Reported here is a comparison of the phosphorylation of inhibitor 2 by two defined isoforms of GSK-3, GSK-3 alpha and GSK-3 beta. GSK-3 beta was a significantly better inhibitor 2 kinase than was GSK-3 alpha. The Vmax/Km value for GSK-3 beta was approximately 10-fold higher than that for GSK-3 alpha. GSK-3 beta phosphorylated inhibitor 2 to a stoichiometry of approximately 1.0 mol of phosphate/mol of inhibitor 2. The phosphorylation by GSK-3 beta was determined to be exclusively at Thr-72 on the basis of the inability of the enzyme to modify a mutant inhibitor 2 in which Thr-72 was changed to alanine. Prior phosphorylation by casein kinase II promoted the action of GSK-3 alpha in keeping with earlier reports using undefined GSK-3 preparations. Phosphorylation by GSK-3 beta, in contrast, was unaffected by the previous action of casein kinase II. These results suggest that there can be important differences in substrate recognition by different isoforms of the same protein kinase and may help explain why some reported GSK-3 substrates require prior phosphorylation whereas other do not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RF Glow Discharge and Ion Transport: Effects of Applied Frequency, Gas Pressure and Method of Power Coupling (1994)

Spatiotemporal structures in a parallel-plate RF glow discharge using argon plasmas have been simulated based on fluid approximation. For unchanged RF and DC bias components of voltage applied at an electrode, ion density, ion flux and mean electric power density increase as frequency f and gas pressure P become higher, whereas sheath length and its variation amplitude are inversely proportional to √f and √P. When two independent RF power supplies having identical frequency and applied voltage to each other are coupled to two electrodes, ion density and ion flux have their maximum values when the phase difference between the two RF power supplies is 180°. Energy and angular distributions of ions striking the electrode are also studied based on the Monte Carlo technique for the simulated parameters of the RF glow discharge. Since the ratio of sheath length to ion mean free path is proportional to √ P / f , high-frequency operation under a low-pressure condition is preferable to achieve less attenuated, centered energy and less scattered angular distributions of ions.
Identification and Characterization of the Imidazoline I2b-binding Sites in the Hamster Brown Adipose Tissue as a Study Model for Imidazoline Receptors (2003)

The imidazoline-type compound, MPV-1743, has been found to activate nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the genetically obese Zucker rats. The regulation of NST in BAT is linked to the catecholamine metabolism, and the imidazoline I2-binding sites have been found on the monoamine oxidase, a catecholamine metabolising enzyme. In this study, the I2-binding sites of hamster BAT have been characterised using a receptor binding assay with 3H-idazoxan as a radioligand, and the interaction of MPV-1743 with these I2-binding sites has been studied using the enantiomers of MPV 1743, that is, MPV 2088 and MPV 2089. Cirazoline was used to determine the specific binding of 3H-idazoxan to the imidazoline I2-binding sites. Rauwolscine was added in the 3H-idazoxan binding assay in order to inhibit any binding to potential alpha2-adrenergic sites. In the presence of rauwolscine mask 3H-Idazoxan labelled a population of non-adrenergic binding sites expressing the properties of the imidazoline I2b-receptor subtype similar to that found in the rat liver (cirazoline >> guanabenz = amiloride >> clonidine). The binding of 3H-idazoxan to the I2b-binding sites could be displaced by the imidazole compounds with the following affinities: detomidine (KiHigh 9.2 nM; KiLow 3200 nM), MPV-2088 (KiHigh 19 nM; IKiLow 760 nM) and MPV-2089 (KiHigh 190 nM; KiLow 1300 nM), atipamezole (3500 nM) and dexmedetomidine (Ki 8400 nM). These results have shown that the hamster BAT contains the imidazoline I2b-binding sites with heterogeneous binding properties for some test compounds. In addition, the enantiomers of MPV 1743, that is, MPV 2088 and MPV 2089, had high affinity to these BAT imidazoline I2b-binding sites. Therefore, it is suggested that the regulation of NST in the hamster BAT may be an attractive model to study the role of imidazoline I2b-binding sites.
Jumbo store: providing efficient incremental upload and versioning for a utility rendering service (2007)

We have developed a new storage system called the Jumbo Store (JS) based on encoding directory tree snapshots as graphs called HDAGs whose nodes are small variable-length chunks of data and whose edges are hash pointers. We store or transmit each node only once and encode using landmark-based chunking plus some new tricks. This leads to very efficient incremental upload and storage of successive snapshots: we report compression factors over 16x for real data; a comparison shows that our incremental upload sends only 1/5 as much data as Rsync. To demonstrate the utility of the Jumbo Store, we have integrated it into HP Labs ’ prototype Utility Rendering Service (URS), which accepts rendering data in the form of directory tree snapshots from small teams of animators, renders one or more requested frames using a processor farm, and then makes the rendered frames available for download. Efficient incremental upload is crucial to the URS’s usability and responsiveness because of the teams ’ slow Internet connections. We report on the JS’s performance during a major field test of the URS where the URS was offered to 11 groups of animators for 10 months during an animation showcase to create high-quality short animations. 1
Percutaneous Transmyocardial Revascularization (1997)

Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) is a potential therapy for patients with severe angina pectoris and coronary anatomy deemed unsuitable for traditional revascularization techniques. Investigations of TMR are reviewed with emphasis on studies relevant to the development of a percutaneous, catheter-based transmyocardial revascularization procedure (PMR). The results of the preliminary animal studies and description of the PMR procedure are discussed. The recently initiated human PMR protocol is summarized and possible future investigative directions are outlined.
A Survey on Session-based Recommender Systems (2019)

Recommender systems (RSs) have been playing an increasingly important role for informed consumption, services, and decision-making in the overloaded information era and digitized economy. In recent years, session-based recommender systems (SBRSs) have emerged as a new paradigm of RSs. Different from other RSs such as content-based RSs and collaborative filtering-based RSs which usually model long-term yet static user preferences, SBRSs aim to capture short-term but dynamic user preferences to provide more timely and accurate recommendations sensitive to the evolution of their session contexts. Although SBRSs have been intensively studied, neither unified problem statements for SBRSs nor in-depth elaboration of SBRS characteristics and challenges are available. It is also unclear to what extent SBRS challenges have been addressed and what the overall research landscape of SBRSs is. This comprehensive review of SBRSs addresses the above aspects by exploring in depth the SBRS entities (e.g., sessions), behaviours (e.g., users' clicks on items) and their properties (e.g., session length). We propose a general problem statement of SBRSs, summarize the diversified data characteristics and challenges of SBRSs, and define a taxonomy to categorize the representative SBRS research. Finally, we discuss new research opportunities in this exciting and vibrant area.
Recruitment of different subsets of antigen‐presenting cells selectively modulates DNA vaccine‐elicited CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocyte responses (2004)

The immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines may be limited by the availability of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) at the site of inoculation. Here we demonstrate that the types of APC recruited to the injection site can selectively modulate CD4(+) or CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses elicited by an HIV-1 Env DNA vaccine in mice. Coadministration of plasmid GM-CSF with the DNA vaccine resulted in the recruitment of macrophages to the site of inoculation and specifically augmented vaccine-elicited CD4(+) T lymphocyte responses. In contrast, coadministration of plasmid MIP-1 alpha with the DNA vaccine resulted in the recruitment of dendritic cells to the injection site and enhanced vaccine-elicited CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses. Interestingly, coadministration of both plasmid GM-CSF and plasmid MIP-1 alpha with the DNA vaccine recruited both macrophages and dendritic cells and led to a synergistic and sustained augmentation of CD4(+)and CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses. These data demonstrate the critical importance of locally recruited professional APC in determining the magnitude and nature of immune responses elicited by plasmid DNA vaccines. Moreover, these studies show that different subsets of professional APC can selectively modulate DNA vaccine-elicited T lymphocyte responses.
Multisite Optical Measurement of Membrane Potential (2003)

An optical measurement of membrane potential using a molecular probe might be beneficial in a variety of circumstances. “Such a probe could, we believe, provide a powerful new technique for measuring membrane potential in systems where, for reasons of scale, topology, or complexity, the use of electrodes is inconvenient or impossible” (B. M. Salzberg, personal sentence). The possibility of using optical methods was first suggested in 1968 by the discovery of potential-dependent changes in intrinsic optical properties of squid giant axons (Cohen et al., 1968). Shortly thereafter, (1968) found stimulus-dependent changes in fluorescence of stained axons, and in 1971 a search was begun (Cohen et al., 1971) for dyes that would give signals large enough to be useful for monitoring membrane potential. By now more than 1000 dyes have been tested for their ability to act as molecular transducers of changes in membrane potential into changes in three types of optical signals: absorption, birefringence, and fluorescence. This screening effort has resulted in the discovery of dyes with a signal-to-noise ratio 100 times larger than was available from any signal in 1971. Several of these dyes (see, e.g., Fig. 1) have been used to monitor changes in potential in a variety of preparations. For reviews, see (1978), (1979), (1983), (1988), and (1988). An earlier discussion of methods was published (Cohen and Lesher, 1986).