gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equivalence checking combining a structural SAT-solver, BDDs, and simulation (2002)

This paper presents a verification technique for functional comparison of large combinational circuits using a novel combination of known approaches. The idea is based on a tight integration of a structural satisfiability (SAT) solver, BDD sweeping, and random simulation; all three working on a shared graph representation of the circuit. The BDD sweeping and SAT solver are applied in an inter-twined manner both controlled by resource limits that are successively increased during each iteration. In this cooperative setting the BDD sweeping incrementally reduces the search space for the SAT solver until the problem is solved or the resource limits are exhausted. This approach improves on previous work in several ways: The integral application of the SAT solver significantly enhances the capacity and efficiency of BDD sweeping and extends its suitability for miscomparing designs. Further, the random simulation algorithm works on the compressed circuit graph and thus runs more efficiently. Our experiments demonstrate that the outlined approach is effective for a large class of equivalence checking instances by automatically adapting to the difficulty of the problem.
Verifying Text Summaries of Relational Data Sets (2019)

We present a novel natural language query interface, the AggChecker, aimed at text summaries of relational data sets. The tool focuses on natural language claims that translate into an SQL query and a claimed query result. Similar in spirit to a spell checker, the AggChecker marks up text passages that seem to be inconsistent with the actual data. At the heart of the system is a probabilistic model that reasons about the input document in a holistic fashion. Based on claim keywords and the document structure, it maps each text claim to a probability distribution over associated query translations. By efficiently executing tens to hundreds of thousands of candidate translations for a typical input document, the system maps text claims to correctness probabilities. This process becomes practical via a specialized processing backend, avoiding redundant work via query merging and result caching. Verification is an interactive process in which users are shown tentative results, enabling them to take corrective actions if necessary. We tested our system on 53 publicly available articles containing 392 claims. Our tool revealed erroneous claims in roughly a third of test cases. Also, AggChecker compares favorably against several automated and semi-automated fact checking baselines.
A Biochemical Signature for Rapid Recall of Memory CD4 T Cells (2007)

Mechanisms for the rapid recall response mediated by memory T cells remain unknown. In this study, we present a novel, multiparameter analysis of TCR-coupled signaling and function in resting and activated naive and memory CD4 T cells, revealing a biochemical basis for immunological recall. We identify a striking elevation in expression of the proximal tyrosine kinase Zap70 in resting Ag-specific and polyclonal mouse memory vs naive CD4 T cells that is stably maintained independent of protein synthesis. Elevated Zap70 protein levels control effector function as IFN-gamma production occurs exclusively from the Zap70(high) fraction of activated T cells in vitro and in vivo, and specific down-modulation of Zap70 expression in memory CD4 T cells by small interfering RNA or protein inhibition significantly reduces rapid IFN-gamma production. Downstream of Zap70, we show quantitative differences in distal phosphorylation associated with effector function in naive and memory subsets, with low accumulation of phosphorylation in memory T cells producing IFN-gamma at early time points, contrasting extensive phosphorylation associated with IFN-gamma production following sustained activation of naive T cells. Our results reveal a novel biochemical signature imparted to memory CD4 T cells enabling efficacious responses through increased Zap70 expression and reduced accumulation of downstream signaling events.
High Speed Single Transient Microwave Spectrum Analyzer (1990)

Recent experiments have required the measurement of short pulse high bandwidth microwave spectra. To meet this need we built a GHz-bandwidth acousto-optic spectrum analyzer. The hardware includes a HeNe laser, collimating optics, Bragg cell, streak camera, microchannel plate intensifier and film cassette. The frequency range measured was 350-2000 MHz with a dynamic range greater than 20 dB. Microwave pulse widths from 10 ns were measured with this system.
Cascadable microelectromechanical resonator logic gate (2018)

Abstract Micro/nano-electromechanical resonator-based logic elements have emerged recently as an attractive potential alternative to semiconductor electronics. The next step for this technology platform to make it into practical applications and to build complex computing operations beyond the fundamental logic gates is to develop cascadable logic units. Such units should produce outputs that can be used as inputs for the next logic units. Despite the recent developments in electromechanical computing, this requirement has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate for the first time a conceptual framework for cascadable logic units. Cascadability is experimentally demonstrated through two case studies; one by cascading two OR logic gates. The other case is the universal NOR logic gate realized by cascading an OR and a NOT gate. The logic operations are performed by on-demand activation and deactivation of the second mode of vibration of a clamped-clamped microbeam resonator. We show that the demonstrated approach significantly lowers the complexity and number of microresonator-based logic functions compared to the CMOS-based counterparts, which improves energy efficiency. This can potentially lead toward the realization of a novel technology platform for an alternative computing paradigm.
A <i>Papaver somniferum</i> 10-Gene Cluster for Synthesis of the Anticancer Alkaloid Noscapine (2012)

Noscapine is an antitumor alkaloid from opium poppy that binds tubulin, arrests metaphase, and induces apoptosis in dividing human cells. Elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway will enable improvement in the commercial production of noscapine and related bioactive molecules. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the exclusive expression of 10 genes encoding five distinct enzyme classes in a high noscapine-producing poppy variety, HN1. Analysis of an F(2) mapping population indicated that these genes are tightly linked in HN1, and bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing confirmed that they exist as a complex gene cluster for plant alkaloids. Virus-induced gene silencing resulted in accumulation of pathway intermediates, allowing gene function to be linked to noscapine synthesis and a novel biosynthetic pathway to be proposed.
Development of a position sensorless control system on an electric vehicle driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (2003)

This paper presents a new position sensorless control system of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for electric vehicles. The proposed control system is based on an injected voltage vector that is synchronized with a PWM carrier of an inverter. The pole position is estimated from the relation between the injected voltage vector and the saliency of the rotor. The first current difference vector is detected when the injected voltage vector in the estimated pole position direction is added to the motor control voltage vector. Next, the second current difference vector is detected when the injected voltage vector in the opposite direction of the estimated pole position is added to the same motor control voltage vector. Then, the pole position of the rotor with anti-saliency can be estimated from the first and second current difference vectors. This control needs neither motor parameters nor band pass filters. The anti-salient pole type IPMSM can be operated over a wide speed range including zero speed, with a quick response. Good driving of electric vehicles is realized using the proposed system.
Development of weldable, corrosion-resistant iron-aluminide alloys (1995)

Corrosion-resistant, weldable FeAl alloys have been developed with improved high-temperature strength industrial applications. Previous processing difficulties with these alloys led to their evaluation as weld-overlay claddings on conventional structural steels to take advantage of their good properties now. Simplified and better processing methods for monolithic FeAl components are also currently being developed so that components for industrial testing can be made. Other avenues for producing FeAl coatings are currently being explored. Neutron scattering experiments residual stress distributions in the FeAl weld-overlay cladding began in FY 1993 and continued this year.
Chromium dioxide particles for magnetic recording (1990)

Chromium dioxide was introduced in the later 1960s as the first magnetic material capable of high density recording. Since that time a continuous improvement of material properties has been made possible. The most recent improvement concerns particles with coercivities well above 70 kA/m which can be prepared by a modified hydrothermal process without using expensive Ir doping. Although CrO/sub 2/ has a somewhat higher specific magnetization, the static magnetic properties of CrO/sub 2/ and cobalt-modified iron oxides are comparable. There are, however, some significant differences in recording performance. CrO/sub 2/ pigments show better print-through to noise ratios than Co-modified iron oxides of the same mean magnetic volume. There are no problems with erasability, which becomes increasingly difficult to control for high-coercivity cobalt-modified iron oxides. Finally, CrO/sub 2/ is the only pigment material which allows thermomagnetic duplication.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coupled Coarray Tensor CPD for DOA Estimation With Coprime L-Shaped Array (2021)

Conventional canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) approach for tensor-based sparse array direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation typically partitions the coarray statistics to generate a full-rank coarray tensor for decomposition. However, such an operation ignores the spatial relevance among the partitioned coarray statistics. In this letter, we propose a coupled coarray tensor CPD-based two-dimensional DOA estimation method for a specially designed coprime L-shaped array. In particular, a shifting coarray concatenation approach is developed to factorize the partitioned fourth-order coarray statistics into multiple coupled coarray tensors. To make full use of the inherent spatial relevance among these coarray tensors, a coupled coarray tensor CPD approach is proposed to jointly decompose them for high-accuracy DOA estimation in a closed-form manner. According to the uniqueness condition analysis on the coupled coarray tensor CPD, an increased number of degrees-of-freedom for the proposed method is guaranteed.
<title>Chatter supression through variable impedance and smart fluids</title> (1996)

A novel approach to mitigating chatter vibrations in machine tools is presented. Encountered in many types of metal removal processes, chatter is a dangerous condition which results from the interaction of the cutting dynamics with the modal characteristics of the machine- workpiece assembly. Tool vibrations are recorded on the surface of the workpiece during metal removal, imposing a waviness which alters the chip thickness during subsequent cutting passes. Deviations from the nominal chip thickness effect changes in the cutting force which, under certain conditions, can further excite vibrations. The chatter mitigation strategy presented is based on periodically altering the impedance of the cutting tool assembly. A cyclic electric (or magnetic) field is applied to the spindle quill which contains an electro- rheological (or magneto-rheological) fluid. The variable yield stress in the fluid affects the coupling of the spindle to the machine tool structure, changing the natural frequency of oscillation. Altering the modal characteristics in this fashion disrupts the modulation of current tool vibrations with previous tool vibrations recorded on the workpiece surface. Results from a simulated milling process reveal that significant reductions in vibration amplitude can be achieved through proper selection of fluid and excitation frequency.
Erratum for Briese et al., “Virome Capture Sequencing Enables Sensitive Viral Diagnosis and Comprehensive Virome Analysis” (2017)

Volume 6, no. 5, e01491-15, 2015, [https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01491-15][1]. Influenza viruses A, B, and C were inadvertently labeled “no target” in Table S1 in the supplemental material. The revised table indicates that these viruses are targeted by the VirCapSeq-VERT probe set. The file for
An Automatic Hexahedral Mesh Generation System with Feature Line Extraction Technique (2007)

A technique for generating automatic hexahedral mesh in a complex solid model was developed. This technique can automate the interactive operations (such as model editing) that are carried out as a pretreatment for hexahedral-mesh generation. Consequently, in our tests, the time taken by these interactive operations was significantly shortened, and high-speed generation of a hexahedral mesh was thus possible. The technique was applied to generation of a hexahedral mesh of an engine-block model. It was confirmed that the mesh generation time is shortened to one tenth of the conventional method's time.
Implementation of active training for an upper-limb rehabilitation robot based on impedance control (2015)

Many rehabilitation robots have been designed to alleviate the conflict between increasing number of post-stroke patients and shortage of therapists. Active training is the main feature of advanced rehabilitation robots, which has been proved to be more effective than simple passive movement training. This paper presents the implementation of active training on a 2-DOF upper-limb rehabilitation robot, which can assist the shoulder and elbow joint rehabilitation training of post-stroke patients. The controller is built based on impedance control, which can provide a compliant human-robot reaction. The implementation of active training is combined with a virtual reality game, and the average error between the actual and target reaction force is 1.41 ± 0.79 N in the X axis, and 1.22 ± 0.91 N in the Y axis.
Degradation of Pulp-Mill Effluent by Oxygen and Na<sub>5</sub>[PV<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>10</sub>O<sub>40</sub>], a Multipurpose Delignification and Wet Air Oxidation Catalyst (1997)

Water-soluble salts of polyoxometalate (POM) anions can be used as (net) catalysts for selective, effluent-free oxygen delignification (bleaching) of unbleached kraft wood-pulps. Essential to this process is the use of the POM anions as catalysts for the wet oxidation of the lignin removed from the pulp fibers. In anaerobic bleaching, a 0.5 M solution of α-Na5[PV2Mo10O40] (POMox) is combined with wood pulp and the mixture heated to 125 °C. This treatment dissolves certain organic compounds (some lignin and polysaccharide fragments) with a combined chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1500−2000 mg of O2/L. Before the solution can be used again for bleaching, the POM anions (POMred) must be reoxidized and the dissolved organic compounds removed. Here, a second function of the POM anions is realized. They are used under mild conditions (150 °C, 0.7 MPa of O2) to catalyze the wet air oxidation of the dissolved organic compounds. After several cycles of anaerobic bleaching and wet oxidation, a steady-state condition in COD (at ca. 550 mg of O2/L) is achieved.
An algorithm for optimal decoupling capacitor sizing and placement for standard cell layouts (2002)

With technology scaling, the trend for high performance integrated circuits is towards ever higher operating frequency, lower power supply voltages and higher power dissipation. This causes a dramatic increase in the currents being delivered through the on-chip power grid and is recognized in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors as one of the difficult challenges. The addition of decoupling capacitances (decaps) is arguably the most powerful degree of freedom that a designer has for power-grid noise abatement and is becoming more important as technology scales. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an algorithm for the automated placement and sizing of decaps in ASIC-like circuits. The adjoint sensitivity method is applied to calculate the first-order sensitivity of the power grid noise with respect to every decap. We propose a fast convolution technique based on piecewise linear (PWL) compressions of the original and adjoint waveforms. Experimental results show that power grid noise can be significantly reduced after a judicious optimization of decap placement, with little change of the total chip area.
Some derivatives of 4<i>H</i>‐pyrano[4,3‐<i>d</i>]thiazole, a novel ring system (1978)

Abstract A synthesis of the novel 4 H ‐pyrano[4,3‐ d ]thiazole ring system is described. Derivatives bearing alkylamine and alkanoic acid side chains have been prepared and tested for potential antidepressant and antiinflammatory activities, respectively; only marginal activities were found in these tests.
Coherent Image Subtraction Using Phase Conjugate Interferometry (1986)

Dynamically stable parallel image subtraction has been achieved using phase conjugate interferometry. We use a Michelson interferometer with an internally self-pumped barium titanate crystal as the phase conjugator for both arms. Various aspects of image subtraction, including intensity inversion and "exclusive or" logic operation are demonstrated. Device operation is insensitive to alignment and optical path length perturbations.
PInfer: Learning to Infer Concurrent Request Paths from System Kernel Events (2016)

Operating system kernel-level tracers are popularly used in the post-development stage by black-box approaches. By inferring service request processing paths from kernel events, these approaches enabled system diagnosis and performance management that are application-logic aware. However, asynchronous communications and multi-threading behaviors make request path patterns dynamic on the kernel event level, this causes previous methods to focus on either software instrumentation techniques or better statistical inference models. In this paper, we propose a novel learning based approach called PInfer that infers request processing path patterns automatically with high precision. PInfer first learns dynamic event patterns of inter-thread and intra-thread service processing from the training data of sequential requests. On the testing data containing concurrent requests, PInfer infers individual request processing paths by effectively solving a graph matching problem and a generalized assignment problem based on the learned patterns. We have implemented our approach in a proprietary system performance diagnosis tool, and present performance results on 40 sets of kernel event traces. PInfer achieves on average 65% precision and 85% recall for profiling concurrent request processing paths.
Carbon Memory Assessment (2014)

The geometrical and performance scaling of silicon CMOS integrated circuit technology over the past 50 years has enabled many affordable new products for business and consumer applications. Recognizing that Flash is approaching its ultimate physical scaling limits within the next 10 years or so, the global electronics research community has begun an intense search for a new paradigm and technology for extending the functional scaling of memory technologies. Several promising nonvolatile memory concepts have emerged, based on different switching and retention mechanisms from those of Flash memory, e.g., STTRAM, RRAM, PCM and more recently, resistive memories based on carbon, which are the topic of this paper. This paper will introduce into the diverse field of carbon materials by recollecting some effects in carbon that can be used to produce a multiple time switchable, non-volatile unipolar resistive memory with potential high scalability down to atomic dimensions. Carbon-based memory is a non-volatile resistive memory, therefore, the same architectures, circuits, select transistor or diodes like in ReRAM or PCRAM can be considered as implementation. The big advantage of carbon memory might be the high temperature retention of 250 C, which makes it attractive for automotive and harsh conditions. This is a white paper for the ITRS meeting on emerging research devices (ERD) in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on August 25-26, 2014.
A Solid-State Charge Detector With Gain Calibration Using Photocurrent (2020)

We describe a charge detector that utilizes a highgain, differential solid-state amplifier with active reset and a novel technique to measure the gain using a custom optoelectronic system. Implemented in a 180-nm complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor (CMOS) process, the amplifier realizes a high gain of 8.9 μV/e- and single-pass rms noise of 475e- for 10-ms time interval with a 300-kHz low-pass filter corner. Operating at a sampling frequency of 10 kHz, the active reset extends the dynamic range of the detector. The amplifier is the first instance of a charge detector that combines a differential topology, active reset, and small feedback capacitors for lownoise, high-gain, high-dynamic-range, and robust operations. The proposed optoelectronic test system injects an adjustable input photocurrent as low as 33 pA to precisely quantify the detector's gain without the need for a known calibration capacitance. The amplifier is directly wire-bonded to a PCB that has a built-in 1-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Faraday cup. The gain and noise performance have been characterized for a range of input capacitance, and the results show good agreement with simulations. The test system additionally demonstrates the ability to inject a time-varying input at the picoamphere levels to characterize the dynamic response of the detector. An electrospray system confirms that the detector responds to free-space charge and that it can process an input as large as 56 000e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> without saturation. The compact and high sensitivity design qualify the device for use in charge detection applications, such as mass spectrometry and space instruments.