gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters:  Rearrangements of <i>O</i>-Acylated Azlactones Catalyzed by a Planar-Chiral Derivative of 4-(Pyrrolidino)pyridine (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters: Rearrangements of O-Acylated Azlactones Catalyzed by a Planar-Chiral Derivative of 4-(Pyrrolidino)pyridineJ. Craig Ruble and Gregory C. FuView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 44, 11532–11533Publication Date (Web):October 27, 1998Publication History Received12 August 1998Published online27 October 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja982890chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja982890crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4655Altmetric-Citations224LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Organic polymers,Reaction products,Rearrangement,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Prolongation of Life in Anephric Rats following de novo Renal Organogenesis (2004)

One solution to the shortage of human organs available for transplantation envisions growing new organs in situ. This can be accomplished by transplantation of developing organ anlagen/primordia. Allotransplantation of embryonic day 15 metanephroi into the omentum of adult hosts is followed by differentiation, growth, vascularization and function of the implants. Here we show that survival of rats with all native renal mass removed can be increased by prior metanephros transplantation and ureteroureterostomy. Excretion of urine formed by metanephroi is prerequisite for enhanced survival. This is the first demonstration that life can be extended following de novo renal organogenesis.
How to choose the best route for an opioid (2000)

In Brief Find out if an alternative administration route can help you control your patient's pain better.
Piecewise integer mapping for arithmetic coding (2002)

By asking afresh exactly what it is the arithmetic coder must do, we show how much of the complexity of current coders can be dispensed with. In particular, we eliminate all multiplicative operations in both the encoder and decoder, replacing them by comparisons and additions. The essence of the proposal is a simple piecewise integer mapping. Graf (1997) has made use of a similar integer mapping in his proposal for a fast entropy coder. Our work is related to but independent of his. As in all non-exact coders, some inefficiency is introduced. We give an analysis that shows the average loss caused by the revised coder to be bounded in an expected sense by 0.0861 bits per symbol, which for most compression applications is just one or two percent. As an additional modification, we discuss a mechanism that allows multi-bit output of codewords without compromising the precision of the probability estimates that may be employed. Finally, we give performance results that show that in combination the two improvements yield a coder as much as 40% faster than previous benchmark arithmetic coders.
Cetirizine Hydrochloride Injection (2020)

Each month, subscribers to <i>The Formulary Monograph Service</i> receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of <i>The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy</i> publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about <i>The Formulary Monograph Service</i>, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
Enhanced Fluorescence in the Binding of Oligonucleotides With a Pyrene Group in the Sugar Fragment to Complementary Polynucleotides (1992)

Abstract The fluorescence intensity and lifetime of oligonucleotides with a pyrenylmethyl group at the specific sugar residue were increased upon binding to their complementary polynucleotide in aqueous solution. The present oligonucleotide-pyrene conjugates provide new fluorescent probes for detection of specific nucleic acids.
Sendai virus F glycoprotein induces IL‐6 production in dendritic cells in a fusion‐independent manner (2008)

We previously reported that inactivated Sendai virus particle (hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelope; HVJ-E) has anti-tumor effects by eliciting IL-6 production in dendritic cells (DCs). In the present study, we investigated which components of HVJ-E elicit IL-6 production. HVJ-E containing F0 protein inactive for virus envelope-cell membrane fusion enhanced IL-6 production. Reconstituted liposomes containing F protein stimulated IL-6 production. The antibody against F protein inhibited IL-6 secretion by HVJ-E. When carbohydrate chains of the F glycoprotein were removed, HVJ-E lost the ability to stimulate IL-6 secretion. These results suggest that F glycoprotein is required for IL-6 production in DCs.
Efficient, high-power (&gt;150 mW) grating surface emitting lasers (1988)

Surface emitting AlGaAs second-order distributed Bragg reflector lasers using a superlattice graded-index separate confinement heterostructure with a single quantum well have been fabricated. The total peak power is emitted coherently from both gratings into a 0.06° full width half-power single lobe far field pattern. Peak powers are in excess of 150 mW. The external differential quantum efficiency is as high as 30%. Under severe current modulation conditions, the stable single longitudinal mode had 20–45 dB wavelength side mode rejection.
An exploration of mobile devices as grid resources: Using an Intel X86 virtual machine to run BOINC on an iPhone (2023)

This work is focused on development of software capable of harnessing the idle processing power of mobile devices and contributing them to a voluntary grid computing framework such as the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC). Such frameworks are designed to provide a platform capable of amassing many processing cycles for scientific analysis of important and complex computational problems such as disease control modeling, climate change analysis, DNA sequencing, and analysis of astronomical data. Once developed, owners of newer generation mobile devices such as the Apple iPhone or BlackBerry Storm could download and install the client application to participate in a global voluntary computational grid. Such grids have existed since the mid-1990s for computers, but have yet to be extended to the world of mobile devices. Mobile devices are quickly becoming a worthwhile target for grid computing applications. The individual processing power of mobile "smartphone" devices now exceeds that of computers that first contributed to the BOINC application grid. Additionally, the number of mobile devices already vastly outnumbers standard computers, and their growth rate is much more rapid than traditional computers. The increasing power and number of mobile devices makes them an attractive target for grid computing. To date, most research related to mobile devices and grid computing is focused on the access and use of grid resources. The premise of this paper is to propose the use of mobile devices themselves as grid computing nodes. A demonstration of the feasibility of this concept is accomplished by implementing the BOINC client on an Apple iPhone. Work units are downloaded from a BOINC server and executed on the iPhone via a virtual machine emulating an x86 processor, and results are uploaded to the server. The world of mobile devices brings renewed challenges to the problem of grid client design in the areas of network bandwidth, processor capability, storage, and energy consumption. Use of this prototype enables the conduction of tests to study performance, energy efficiency, and bandwidth on a cellular device against a more traditional grid computing node.
Substituent effects on the oxidation-reduction reactions of nickel para-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin in nonaqueous media (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent effects on the oxidation-reduction reactions of nickel para-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin in nonaqueous mediaKarl M. Kadish and Mark M. MorrisonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 4, 980–982Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50158a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50158a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure and magnetic properties of NdFeB powder surrounded with layer of rare-earth fluorides (2008)

The effect of a layer of rare-earth fluorides on the structure and magnetic properties of NdFeB powders was studied. Rare-earth fluorides such as REFx (RE: rare-earth element, x=2 or 3) were grown using fluoride liquid solutions in order to cover the surface of the NdFeB powders. For NdFx-coated NdFeB powder, NdF3 with a hexagonal structure was grown below 400°C. A structure change from NdF3 to cubic NdF2 was observed after annealing at the temperature of 400°C or more. Coercivity (iHc) for 3vol% NdFx-coated NdFeB powder decreased to 14.0 from 15.0kOe for noncoated NdFeB powder after annealing at 800°C. The rare-earth fluoride layers of LaFx-, TbFx-, and DyFx-coated NdFeB powders showed a iHc of 16.8, 16.6, and 16.4kOe, respectively, all of which were higher than that for noncoated NdFeB powder, indicating a diffusion of rare-earth atoms in the fluoride layer.
Automatic decision threshold level control in direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems (1991)

An algorithm for automatic decision threshold-level control in direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems is presented and analyzed. Using this algorithm, instantaneous setting of the threshold is possible. An additional loop called a threshold loop is used to improve the system performance. This loop is based on a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) criterion. The purpose of the algorithm is to set a decision threshold in the system which will provide a small probability of false alarm (P/sub 3/ to 0) and a large probability of signal detection (P/sub d/ to 1) at the same time. The analysis has shown that the threshold probability distribution function (PDF) is narrower (equaling better performance) in the case of the CFAR algorithm, but this comes at the cost of a considerably larger integration time for the system (the system time response is slower). As a compromise, the instantaneous algorithm is modified so that k successive samples of the signal are used to determine the value of the threshold. This permits better control of the shape and position of the threshold PDF with respect to the P/sub 3/ and P/sub d/ curves. At the same time, the time response of the system is good and can be easily controlled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formal Total Synthesis of the Potent Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren:  Application of a SmI<sub>2</sub>-Promoted Acyl-like Radical Coupling (2006)

A formal total synthesis of the potent renin inhibitor aliskiren is disclosed exploiting an alternative coupling strategy recently developed by this laboratory for the preparation of the hydroxyethylene isostere-based class of protease inhibitors. The thioester derivative of the amino acid representing the C5-C9 fragment of the aliskiren carbon skeleton underwent a carbon chain extension via a SmI2-promoted radical addition to n-butyl acrylate. Introduction of the C3-isopropyl group with the correct relative configuration was accomplished via stereoselective reduction of the obtained ketone with concomitant lactonization, followed by an aldol reaction with acetone. Further functional group and protecting group manipulation culminated in a formal total synthesis of aliskiren in 10 steps from the corresponding fully protected non-natural amino acid.
Significance of Mycorrhizae (2006)

Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between zone surrounding the root [2]. Although a lack in growth fungi and higher plants [1]. Different types of mycorrhizae response to VA-fungi inoculation in unsterilized soil was occur, distinguished by their morphology and to a also recorded, this result has been attributed to the fact certain extent, in their physiology. These include the that native VA-fungi may provide the potential benefit of ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. The this mutualistic association [6]. ectomycorrhizae characterized by an external sheath of It was reported that one of the principal avoidance fungal cells surrounding the root, often penetrates strategies of plants for adaptation to adverse soil between the cells of epidermis and the first few cells of conditions is an increase in root surface area via cortex and the fungal hyphae typically infect the mycorrhizae [7]. A better understanding of the roots of forest trees of the temperate region. While mycorrhizae of agronomic crops is needed because of endomycorrhizae like vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal their potential involvement in systems of sustainable (VA) fungi forms no sheath, the fungus infects the root agriculture [8]. system of most cultivated crops and usually it invades several layers of the outer root cortex. VA-fungal hyphae penetrate individual cells and form arbuscules within the cell and vesicles outside their host cells which led to their name [2]. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VA) fungi colonize plant roots and ramify into the surrounding bulk soil extending the root depletion zone around the root system. They transport water and mineral nutrients from the soil to the plant while the fungus is benefiting from the carbon compounds provided by the host plant. Therefore VA-fungi have a pervasive effect upon plant form and function [3]. Little is known about the natural ecology of these fungal-plant associations and the effects of certain soil amendments with natural waste products. VA-fungi are associated with improved growth of many plant species due to increased nutrients uptake, production of growth promoting substances, tolerance to drought, salinity and transplant shock and synergistic interaction with other beneficial soil microorganisms such as N-fixers and P-solubilizer [4]. Symbiotic association of plant roots with VA-fungi often result in enhanced growth because of increased acquisition of phosphorus (P) and other low mobile mineral nutrients [5]. Effective nutrient extensive hyphal growth beyond the nutrient depletion
A Voice-Enabled E-Learning Service (V&#x0F2;IS) Platform (2009)

Mobile devices have gained global popularity for business and government uses. Yet, these devices are not very popular with e-learning pedagogies. One reason is the difficulty of interacting with e-learning tools like forums or chats from mobile devices. The goal of this paper is to discuss one approach that can provide a solution to this problem. This approach can enhance e-learning with a platform that can voice-enable any communication and collaboration pedagogy like discussion forums, blogs, wikis and instant messaging from mobile devices. But, a long-term and broader question it tries to pose is "can voice-enablement of e-learning tools increase the use of mobile devices in education and thereby, improving learning methods?" Results from this exploratory study will hopefully lead to proper investments in mobile applications and more research on understanding the role of speech recognition with mobile devices.
Vitamin B6 dependent seizures. (2009)

Vitamin B6 is an abundant cofactor in aminoacid- and neurotransmitter metabolism. Physiologic availability depends on dietary supply, intact absorption and conversion of pyridoxamine and pyridoxine into the only active cofactor, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) in liver. By now we know of four genetic epilepsies with vitamin B6 dependent seizures. Two are caused by reduced synthesis/availability of PLP (Pyridox(am)in-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency and infantile hypophosphatasia) and two by increased utilization/inactivation (pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy and hyperprolinemia type II). Aside from hyperprolinemia type II these disorders usually present with therapyresistant (myoclonic) seizures in the neonatal period. The EEG findings may range from burst suppression pattern to unspecific slowing or may even be normal. All four disorders can be diagnosed by reliable biomarkers and be confirmed by molecular analysis of the respective genes. While PLP would benefit all four entities, PNPO patients are typically resistant to pyridoxine and need PLP substitution. Especially in neonatal, therapyresistant seizures, these disorders have to be considered early, to prevent irreversible neurologic damage.
Fast Multi Channel Radiometer for Diagnosing Munitions Flashes (2008)

Understanding of the temporal and spectral behavior of the radiation emitted from fast transients such as gunshots, explosions, missile launches and kinetic ammunition is very important for the development of IRST, MWS and IRCM systems. The spectral-temporal behavior of the signature of these events is an essential factor for their detection and for the filtering of false alarms. Munitions flashes are fast transient phenomena with time duration that range from the submillisecond to a fraction of a second. A full characterization of the infrared signature of these events involves measurement of the evolution of its spectral distribution in time where the temporal resolution required is of the order of microseconds. We describe here a method for utilizing a four-channel radiometer to extract the above-mentioned data from these events. We show that we can derive the temporal evolution of the temperature of an explosion on time scale of 20µsec and separate energy releasing processes. Several practical examples will be given.
Hydrothermal Reactions of Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes in Sub- and Supercritical Water: A Review of Fundamentals, Mechanisms, and State of Research (2013)

Hydrothermal (HT) reactions of agricultural and food-processing waste have been proposed as an alternative to conventional waste treatment technologies due to allowing several improvements in terms of process performance and energy and economical advantages, especially due to their great ability to process high moisture content biomass waste without prior dewatering. Complex structures of wastes and unique properties of water at higher temperatures and pressures enable a variety of physical-chemical reactions and a wide spectra of products. This paper's aim is to give extensive information about the fundamentals and mechanisms of HT reactions and provide state of the research of agri-food waste HT conversion.
Deploying Database Appliances in the Cloud (2009)

Cloud computing is an increasingly popular paradigm for accessing computing resources. A popular class of computing clouds is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds, exemplified by Amazon’s Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2). In these clouds, users are given access to virtual machines on which they can install and run arbitrary software, including database systems. Users can also deploy database appli-ances on these clouds, which are virtual machines with pre-installed pre-configured database systems. Deploying database appliances on IaaS clouds and performance tuning and optimization in this environ-ment introduce some interesting research challenges. In this paper, we present some of these challenges, and we outline the tools and techniques required to address them. We present an end-to-end solution to one tuning problem in this environment, namely partitioning the CPU capacity of a physical machine among multiple database appliances running on this machine. We also outline possible future research directions in this area. 1
Effects of anticholinergic medication on memory in schizophrenia (1990)

Verbal memory and reaction time of ten schizophrenic patients were compared at two different serum anticholinergic levels. Verbal recall was worse at higher drug levels, while reaction time tended to be improved by anticholinergic treatment. Implications for studies of memory in schizophrenia are considered.
Dependency Injection (2009)

Dependency Injection is an in-depth guide to the current best practices for using the Dependency Injection pattern-the key concept in Spring and the rapidly-growing Google Guice. It explores Dependency Injection, sometimes called Inversion of Control, in fine detail with numerous practical examples. Developers will learn to apply important techniques, focusing on their strengths and limitations, with a particular emphasis on pitfalls, corner-cases, and best practices. This book is written for developers and architects who want to understand Dependency Injection and successfully leverage popular DI technologies such as Spring, Google Guice, PicoContainer, and many others. The book explores many small examples of anchor concepts and unfolds a larger example to show the big picture. Written primarily from a Java point-of-view, this book is appropriate for any developer with a working knowledge of object-oriented programming in Java, Ruby, or C#.