gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal and ion beam induced reactions in Ni thin films on BP(100) (1989)

Thermal and ion beam induced reactions in Ni thin films on BP(100) have been investigated. For thermally annealed samples the reaction of the Ni layer on BP started at temperatures between 350 and 400 °C and the formation of the crystalline phase corresponding to a composition of Ni4BP was observed at 450 °C. It was observed that oxygen in the Ni layer could retard the progress of the reaction. The full reaction of the Ni layer with BP induced by energetic heavy ion bombardments (600 keV Xe) was observed at 230 °C. The crystalline phase has the same composition and x-ray diffraction pattern for both thermal and ion-induced reactions.
Adaptive Semi-Persistent Scheduling for Enhanced On-road Safety in Decentralized V2X Networks (2021)

Decentralized vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks (i.e., Mode-4 C-V2X and Mode 2a NR-V2X), rely on periodic Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) to disseminate time-sensitive information (e.g., vehicle position) and has the potential to improve on-road safety. For BSM scheduling, decentralized V2X networks utilize sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), where vehicles sense radio resources and select suitable resources for BSM transmissions at prespecified periodic intervals termed as Resource Reservation Interval (RRI). In this paper, we show that such a BSM scheduling (with a fixed RRI) suffers from severe under- and over-utilization of radio resources under varying vehicle traffic scenarios; which severely compromises timely dissemination of BSMs, which in turn leads to increased collision risks. To address this, we extend SPS to accommodate an adaptive RRI, termed as SPS++. Specifically, SPS++ allows each vehicle - (i) to dynamically adjust RRI based on the channel resource availability (by accounting for various vehicle traffic scenarios), and then, (ii) select suitable transmission opportunities for timely BSM transmissions at the chosen RRI. Our experiments based on Mode-4 C-V2X standard implemented using the ns-3 simulator show that SPS++ outperforms SPS by at least 50% in terms of improved on-road safety performance, in all considered simulation scenarios.
Automatic contour definition on left ventriculograms by image evidence and a multiple template-based model (1989)

An algorithm which utilizes digital image processing and pattern recognition methods for automated definition of left ventricular (LV) contours is presented. Digital image processing and pattern recognition techniques are applied to digitally acquired radiographic images of the heart to extract the LV contours required for quantitative analysis of cardiac function. Knowledge of the image domain is invoked at each step of the algorithm to orient the data search and thereby the complexity of the solution. A knowledge-based image transformation, directional gradient search, expectations of object versus background location, least-cost path searches by dynamic programming, and a digital representation of possible versus impossible ventricular shape are exploited. The digital representation, composed of a set of characteristic templates, was created using contours obtained by manual tracing. The algorithm was tested by application of three sets of 25 images each. Test set one and two were used as training sets for creation of the model for contour correction. Model-based correction proved to be an effective technique, producing significant reduction of error in the final contours.
Search for bioactive conformation of glucagon and development of potent glucagon antagonists (2000)

In pursuit of the working model of how glucagon interacts with the glucagon receptor and how glucagon antagonists exert their different activities, 42 glucagon analogues were designed and synthesized. An attempt to determine the minimum sequence for binding affinity of glucagon analogues was carried out and resulted in several potent truncated glucagon antagonists with substantial binding affinity, such as phenylbutyryl-glucagon(10-29) amide. Furthermore, a new method for determining the bioactive conformations of peptide hormones has been designed. In a positional cyclization scanning study, several conformationally constrained glucagon analogues containing disulfide or lactam bridges were synthesized, and the biological assay results showed that the alpha-helical conformation is required for the maximal receptor recognition. This study resulted in two superpotent glucagon analogues, c[Lys⁵, Glu⁹]glucagon amide and c[Lys¹⁷, Glu²¹]glucagon amide, which have picomolar binding affinities. A structure-activity relationship study of glycine at position 4 was performed to determine the importance of flexibility in the N-terminal region of glucagon. Four glucagon analogues were designed and synthesized, and all showed extremely potent antagonistic activity with improved binding affinity. Also, the potent glucagon antagonist [desHis¹, desPhe⁶, Glu⁹] glucagon amide was synthesized on a large scale (ca. 1.5 g), and the effect of the glucagon antagonist on diabetic ketoacidosis was studied in vivo in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs. The glucagon antagonist clearly showed its effectiveness in controlling serum bicarbonate concentration, while the control experiment with saline demonstrated increased diabetic ketoacidosis. This study clearly showed the possibility of using glucagon antagonists as therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. The conformation of the potent glucagon antagonist [desHis¹, desPhe⁶, Glu⁹] glucagon amide was studied using 2D NMR spectroscopy, and deuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles were utilized to imitate the membrane environment. In this investigation, TOCSY, DQF-COSY, and NOESY spectra of the glucagon antagonist in a deuterated DPC micelle solution were acquired at pH 6.0 and 37°C. Restrained molecular dynamics (simulated annealing) using 332 distance restraints and 16 torsion angle restraints resulted in a conformation which displayed a similar C-terminal conformation, but a distinctly different N-terminal region, as compared to the conformation of glucagon. The newly discovered salt bridge between Ser² and Glu⁹ presumably resulted from the increased flexibility of the N-terminal region by the deletion of Phe⁶ and substitution of Glu⁹, which may shed light on how small changes in the sequence of peptides can significantly modify the conformation.
Stimulation of splenic T-lymphocyte function by endogenous serotonin and by low-dose exogenous serotonin. (1993)

The modulatory effects of endogenous serotonin on splenic T-cell activity were investigated using two distinct approaches. The first approach showed that pretreatment of mice with p-cholorphenylalanine (PCPA) to deplete intracellular stores of serotonin reduced the capacity of their splenic T cells to proliferate and to express interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) in response to concanavalin A (Con A). These responses could be restored by the addition of serotonin to the spleen cell cultures. In contrast, PCPA treatment did not effect stimulation of spleen cells to produce IL-2. The second approach showed that T-cell proliferation to Con A as well as to IL-2 was diminished by the presence of antagonists to the serotonin-2 receptor (5-HT2R). The effects of low doses (100 ng/ml) of exogenously added serotonin on functions of normal spleen cells were also examined. At this low dose, serotonin stimulated splenic T-cell proliferation in response to IL-2, and enhanced both proliferation and IL-2 production in response to a suboptimal concentration of Con A. These results show autologous serotonin to be required for T-cell activation and that the activation of suboptimally stimulated T cells can be augmented with low doses of exogenously added serotonin. These data also suggest that the positive regulation of T-cell function by serotonin is mediated through 5-HT2R.
Full optical column characterization of DUV lithographic projection tools (2004)

Advanced optical systems for low k<sub>1</sub> lithography require accurate characterisation of various imaging parameters to insure that OPC strategies can be maintained. Among these parameters lens aberrations and illumination profiles are the most important optical column charcteristics. The phase measurement interferometer hardware (ILIAS: Integrated Lens Interferometer At Scanner) integrated into high-NA ArF lithographic projection tools opens novel pathways to measure and control tool critical performance parameters. In this presentation we address new extensions of this in-line tool that will allow the measurement of optical parameters of the full optical column. The primary functionality of the ILIAS system is to measure and analyse wavefront aberrations across the full image field with high accuracy and speed. In this paper performance data of the in-line wavefront sensor over multiple high-NA ArF lithographic systems is presented. In addition to the acquisition of wavefront aberrations in terms of Zernike polynomials, detailed measurements of high resolution wavefronts are now possible. Examples of such wavefronts and PSD analysis thereof are presented. Besides the projection lens properties, the detailed shape of the pupil distribution and transmission (apodisation) becomes critical for system optimization. The integrated ILIAS hardware can also be used to measure these parameters.
High efficiency wireless electrochemical actuators: Design, fabrication and characterization by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (2011)

A wirelessly-actuated high efficiency Nafion <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> -coated MEMS electrochemical actuator is presented. For the first time, high flow rates were achieved (up to 141μL/min, 13mA) under wireless operation and high efficiency pumping (up to 97%) was obtained with Nafion <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> -coated electrodes; coating further prevented previously reported current-induced damage to electrodes [1]. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for electrode characterization, electrochemical cleaning, as well as investigation of delamination, electrode polymer coating and surface activation. Parylene and PEEK were investigated as flexible substrate substitutes for soda lime glass. As a result of the combined effect of the rough PEEK surface (increased electrode surface area) and the Nafion <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> coating, higher efficiency was achieved compared to glass.
Clinical Features of Pingueculitis Revealed by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Findings (2019)

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography allows the quantification of differences in the pingueculitis measurements before and after treatment. In this retrospective study, a short course of topical steroids effectively treated the inflammation in a sustained manner. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated significant reduction in the thickness and cross-sectional area of the pinguecula and a conversion back to a homogeneous conjunctival stroma.
BIRNet: Brain Image Registration Using Dual-Supervised Fully Convolutional Networks (2018)

In this paper, we propose a deep learning approach for image registration by predicting deformation from image appearance. Since obtaining ground-truth deformation fields for training can be challenging, we design a fully convolutional network that is subject to dual-guidance: (1) Coarse guidance using deformation fields obtained by an existing registration method; and (2) Fine guidance using image similarity. The latter guidance helps avoid overly relying on the supervision from the training deformation fields, which could be inaccurate. For effective training, we further improve the deep convolutional network with gap filling, hierarchical loss, and multi-source strategies. Experiments on a variety of datasets show promising registration accuracy and efficiency compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Modeling Lithium Ion battery degradation in electric vehicles (2010)

A new aging model for Lithium Ion batteries is proposed based on theoretical models of crack propagation. This provides an exponential dependence of aging on stress such as depth of discharge. A measure of stress is derived from arbitrary charge and discharge histories to include mixed use in vehicles or vehicle to grid operations. This aging model is combined with an empirical equivalent circuit model, to provide time and state of charge dependent charge and discharge characteristics at any rate and temperature. This choice of model results in a cycle life prediction with few parameters to be fitted to a particular cell.
A Frequency Domain Neural Network for Fast Image Super-resolution (2018)

In this paper, we present a frequency domain neural network for image super-resolution. The network employs the convolution theorem so as to cast convolutions in the spatial domain as products in the frequency domain. Moreover, the non-linearity in deep nets, of ten achieved by a rectifier unit, is here cast as a convolution in the frequency domain. This not only yields a network which is very computationally efficient at testing, but also one whose parameters can all be learnt accordingly. The network can be trained using back propagation and is devoid of complex numbers due to the use of the Hartley transform as an alternative to the Fourier transform. Moreover, the network is potentially applicable to other problems elsewhere in computer vision and image processing which are of ten cast in the frequency domain. We show results on super-resolution and compare against alternatives elsewhere in the literature. In our experiments, our network is one to two orders of magnitude faster than the alternatives with a marginal loss of performance.
Misalignment-tolerant surface-normal low-voltage modulator for optical interconnects (2005)

We present a surface-normal modulator architecture for optical interconnects that offers misalignment tolerance as well as high contrast ratio over a wide wavelength range for a small drive voltage. A contrast ratio greater than 3 dB was achieved for only 0.8-V drive across a 16-nm wavelength range from 1498 to 1514 nm. The misalignment tolerance between this device, and the input optical beam was measured to be 30 /spl mu/m.
Ultrafast electro-optic field sensors (1996)

We report our recent study of ultrafast electro-optic field sensors for the coherent measurement of freely propagating subpicosecond pulsed electromagnetic waves (THz beams). The sensitivity and bandwidth of these electro-optic sensors are comparable with the conventional ultrafast photoconductive dipole antennas. The simplicity of the detection geometry and capability of optical parallel processing make these sensors suitable for real-time 2D subpicosecond far-infrared imaging.
Synthesis of Antimicrobial Natural Products Targeting FtsZ:  (±)-Dichamanetin and (±)-2‘ ‘‘-Hydroxy-5‘ ‘-benzylisouvarinol-B (2005)

[chemical structure: see text]. Two natural products have been synthesized using a ZnCl2-mediated benzylic coupling reaction. Both are potent inhibitors of the GTPase activity of FtsZ, a highly conserved protein that is essential for bacterial cytokinesis.
Managing your privacy in an on-line world (1997)

In our changing world, it's becoming harder and harder to keep secrets. Government agencies maintain profiles on each of us, credit card companies record every transaction we make, and mailing lists sell our addresses and telephone numbers to anyone who wants to buy them. This has caused much alarm, and at first glance it seems that the Internet and the World Wide Web are rapidly making things worse. Already, there are many sites that let anyone look up our addresses and telephone numbers. Nevertheless, in this article, I argue that the Web actually offers an opportunity to improve our lives by managing the invasions of our privacy.
Oxidative Processes Occurring When Pulsed High Voltage Discharges Degrade Phenol in Aqueous Solution (1999)

In this investigation, results obtained using a pulsed discharge for organic compound removal are presented. The degradation of phenol by a streamer corona discharge and spark discharge, the effects of hydrogen peroxide additive on removal efficiency, and photochemical oxidation by ultraviolet light from the discharge plasma channel were investigated. The intermediate products and final byproducts formed by the spark discharge were also studied. A preliminary study of the degradation mechanism inside and outside the plasma channel was carried out. It was found that the removal efficiency of organic contaminants in the aqueous solution was higher for the spark discharge than for the streamer corona discharge and was greatly influenced by the discharge type and additive. The energy efficiency was the highest (6.91 × 10-3 μmol/J) for the case with hydrogen peroxide injection and spark discharge. The main intermediate products produced by the spark discharge during the treatment process were hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, and p-benzoquinone. These intermediate products disappeared when the treatment time was increased.
Self-Aligned T-Gate High-Purity Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube RF Transistors Operated in Quasi-Ballistic Transport and Quantum Capacitance Regime (2012)

Carbon nanotube RF transistors are predicted to offer good performance and high linearity when operated in the ballistic transport and quantum capacitance regime; however, realization of such transistors has been very challenging. In this paper, we introduce a self-aligned fabrication method for carbon nanotube RF transistors, which incorporate a T-shaped (mushroom-shaped) aluminum gate, with oxidized aluminum as the gate dielectric. In this way, the channel length can be scaled down to 140 nm, which enables quasi-ballistic transport, and the gate dielectric is reduced to 2-3 nm aluminum oxide, leading to quasi-quantum capacitance operation. A current-gain cutoff frequency (f(t)) up to 23 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (f(max)) of 10 GHz are demonstrated. Furthermore, the linearity properties of nanotube transistors are characterized by using the 1 dB compression point measurement with positive power gain for the first time, to our knowledge. Our work reveals the importance and potential of separated semiconducting nanotubes for various RF applications.
HAT, not CAP: towards highly available transactions (2013)

While the CAP Theorem is often interpreted to preclude the availability of transactions in a partition-prone environment, we show that highly available systems can provide useful transactional semantics, often matching those of today’s ACID databases. We propose Highly Available Transactions (HATs) that are available in the presence of partitions. HATs support many desirable ACID guarantees for arbitrary transactional sequences of read and write operations and permit low-latency operation. 1
Deep Dive into ZGC: A Modern Garbage Collector in OpenJDK (2022)

ZGC is a modern, non-generational, region-based, mostly concurrent, parallel, mark-evacuate collector recently added to OpenJDK. It aims at having GC pauses that do not grow as the heap size increases, offering low latency even with large heap sizes. The ZGC C++ source code is readily accessible in the OpenJDK repository, but reading it (25 KLOC) can be very intimidating, and one might easily get lost in low-level implementation details, obscuring the key concepts. To make the ZGC algorithm more approachable, this work provides a thorough description on a high-level, focusing on the overall design with moderate implementation details. To explain the concurrency aspects, we provide a SPIN model that allows studying races between mutators and GC threads, and how they are resolved in ZGC. Such a model is not only useful for learning the current design (offering a deterministic and interactive experience) but also beneficial for prototyping new ideas and extensions. Our hope is that our detailed description and the SPIN model will enable the use of ZGC as a building block for future GC research, and research ideas implemented on top of it could even be adopted in the industry more readily, bridging the gap between academia and industry in the context of GC research.
Abstract 5005: Inhibition of E-selectin or E-selectin together with CXCR4 resensitizes multiple myeloma to treatment (2017)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy localized in the bone marrow. Selectins and CXCR4 play a pivotal role in homing, adhesion, and proliferation of MM. Herein, we tested the role of E-selectin in the pathophysiology of MM by using a specific E-selectin antagonist (GMI-1271) and a dual E-selectin/CXCR4 antagonist (GMI-1359) on the proliferation and cell trafficking of MM in vitro and in vivo. PROCEDURES: Endothelial cells (HUVECs), stromal cells (HS5), MM patient-derived stromal cells (MSP1), and MM cell lines (MM1s, H929, U266 and RPMI8226) were tested for expression of E-selectin, CLA (E-selectin ligand) and CXCR4 by flow cytometry. The effect of GMI-1271 and GMI-1359 was studied on MM cell adhesion to stroma; chemotaxis to stromal media or SDF1; and MM cell survival by MTT assay, where MM cells were treated with lenalidomide or carfilzomib; in the presence, or absence of GMI-1271 or -1359. In a xenograft mouse model, the sensitivity of MM was tested in mice treated with vehicle, lenalidomide, GMI-1271, or a combination of GMI-1271 and lenalidomide (n=10 mice/group); and tumor growth was monitored weekly using bioluminescence imaging. SUMMARY: Expression of E-selectin was high in HUVECs, MSP1 and HS5; CLA was high only in RPMI8226; and CXCR4 was high in all MM cells. MM1s cell adhesion to stroma was decreased by GMI-1271 and even more profoundly decreased by GMI-1359 in a dose-dependent manner. Chemotaxis of MM1s cells towards conditioned media or SDF1 was modestly affected by GMI-1271, but greatly reduced by GMI-1359. MM cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by GMI-1359, only when MM cells were co-cultured with stroma, but not alone. Stroma-induced drug resistance of MM cells to carfilzomib and lenalidomide was reduced in the presence of the GMI compounds, while the effect of GMI-1359 was stronger than GMI-1271. In vivo, GMI-1271 and lenalidomide as single agents delayed tumor growth compared to vehicle by 40% and 35%, respectively; however, a combination treatment delayed tumor growth more profoundly than vehicle by 64% (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: GMI-1271 and GMI-1359 disrupt the interaction between MM cells and bone marrow microenvironment as determined by reduction of adhesion, chemotaxis and microenvironment-induced drug resistance in vitro. However, the dual inhibition of E-selectin and CXCR4 produced more profound effects compared to E-selectin alone. Moreover, GMI-1271 sensitized MM cells to lenalidomide by alleviating chemoresistance and delayed tumor growth in vivo. Citation Format: Barbara Muz, Henna Y. Bazai, Anita Sekula, William E. Fogler, Ted Smith, John L. Magnani, Abdel Kareem Azab. Inhibition of E-selectin or E-selectin together with CXCR4 resensitizes multiple myeloma to treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5005. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5005