gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine Oviduct Epithelial Cell Cytokine Responses to<i>Chlamydia muridarum</i>Infection Include Interleukin-12-p70 Secretion (2004)

Epithelial cells play an important role in host defense as sentinels for invading microbial pathogens. Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates in reproductive tract epithelium. Epithelial cells lining the reproductive tract likely play a key role in triggering inflammation and adaptive immunity during Chlamydia infections. For this report a murine oviduct epithelial cell line was derived in order to determine how epithelial cells influence innate and adaptive immune responses during Chlamydia infections. As expected, oviduct epithelial cells infected by Chlamydia muridarum produced a broad spectrum of chemokines, including CXCL16, and regulators of the acute-phase response, including interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In addition, infected epithelial cells expressed cytokines that augment gamma interferon (IFN) production, including IFN-alpha/beta and IL-12-p70. To my knowledge this is the first report of a non-myeloid/lymphoid cell type making IL-12-p70 in response to an infection. Equally interesting, infected epithelial cells significantly upregulated transforming growth factor alpha precursor expression, suggesting a mechanism by which they might play a direct role in the pathological scarring seen as a consequence of Chlamydia infections. Data from these in vitro studies predict that infected oviduct epithelium contributes significantly to host innate and adaptive defenses but may also participate in the immunopathology seen with Chlamydia infections.
Fn14-Directed DART Nanoparticles Selectively Target Neoplastic Cells in Preclinical Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis (2022)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with brain metastasis (BM) face dismal prognosis due to the limited therapeutic efficacy of the currently available treatment options. We previously demonstrated that paclitaxel-loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) directed to the Fn14 receptor, termed "DARTs", are more efficacious than Abraxane─an FDA-approved paclitaxel nanoformulation─following intravenous delivery in a mouse model of TNBC BM. However, the precise basis for this difference was not investigated. Here, we further examine the utility of the DART drug delivery platform in complementary xenograft and syngeneic TNBC BM models. First, we demonstrated that, in comparison to nontargeted NPs, DART NPs exhibit preferential association with Fn14-positive human and murine TNBC cell lines cultured <i>in vitro</i>. We next identified tumor cells as the predominant source of Fn14 expression in the TNBC BM-immune microenvironment with minimal expression by microglia, infiltrating macrophages, monocytes, or lymphocytes. We then show that despite similar accumulation in brains harboring TNBC tumors, Fn14-targeted DARTs exhibit significant and specific association with Fn14-positive TNBC cells compared to nontargeted NPs or Abraxane. Together, these results indicate that Fn14 expression primarily by tumor cells in TNBC BMs enables selective DART NP delivery to these cells, likely driving the significantly improved therapeutic efficacy observed in our prior work.
Molecular characterization of two mammalian bHLH-PAS domain proteins selectively expressed in the central nervous system (1997)

Here we describe two mammalian transcription factors selectively expressed in the central nervous system. Both proteins, neuronal PAS domain protein (NPAS) 1 and NPAS2, are members of the basic helix-loop-helix-PAS family of transcription factors. cDNAs encoding mouse and human forms of NPAS1 and NPAS2 have been isolated and sequenced. RNA blotting assays demonstrated the selective presence of NPAS1 and NPAS2 mRNAs in brain and spinal cord tissues of adult mice. NPAS1 mRNA was first detected at embryonic day 15 of mouse development, shortly after early organogenesis of the brain. NPAS2 mRNA was first detected during early postnatal development of the mouse brain. In situ hybridization assays using brain tissue of postnatal mice revealed an exclusively neuronal pattern of expression for NPAS1 and NPAS2 mRNAs. The human NPAS1 gene was mapped to chromosome 19q13.2-q13.3, and the mouse Npas1 gene to chromosome 7 at 2 centimorgans. Similarly, the human NPAS2 gene was assigned to chromosome 2p11.2-2q13, and the mouse Npas2 gene to chromosome 1 at 21-22 centimorgans. The chromosomal regions to which human NPAS1 and NPAS2 map are syntenic with those containing the mouse Npas1 and Npas2 genes, indicating that the mouse and human genes are true homologs.
The pore structure of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (2019)

Epsilon toxin (Etx), a potent pore forming toxin (PFT) produced by Clostridium perfringens, is responsible for the pathogenesis of enterotoxaemia of ruminants and has been suggested to play a role in multiple sclerosis in humans. Etx is a member of the aerolysin family of β-PFTs (aβ-PFTs). While the Etx soluble monomer structure was solved in 2004, Etx pore structure has remained elusive due to the difficulty of isolating the pore complex. Here we show the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Etx pore assembled on the membrane of susceptible cells. The pore structure explains important mutant phenotypes and suggests that the double β-barrel, a common feature of the aβ-PFTs, may be an important structural element in driving efficient pore formation. These insights provide the framework for the development of novel therapeutics to prevent human and animal infections, and are relevant for nano-biotechnology applications.
In situ patterning of impurity induced layer disordering and other applications of laser patterned desorption (1991)

Laser patterned desorption (LPD) is an in situ processing technique that enables partial or complete removal of quantum well (QW) layers within GaAs‐AlGaAs device heterostructures. In LPD, the evaporation rate of GaAs and incorporated dopants is greatly enhanced by local heating with Ar+ and Nd:YAG laser beams within a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition reactor. Typically, a small area 8 μm to 3 mm in diameter) of the GaAs QW layer is exposed during a pause in the epitaxial crystal growth. After exposure, growth is resumed, burying the patterned layer(s) within the crystal. Various techniques are used to characterize the effect of the LPD process and several applications of LPD are shown. The most recent application is the patterning of the impurity induced layer disordering of a GaAs‐AlGaAs superlattice by locally removing Si doping spikes.
Computer-based Testing in Family Practice Certification and Recertification (2003)

The ABFP will begin field-testing the system in early 2003 and will include simulations in the certification and recertification examination process in 2004.
Master-Slave optical coherence tomography for parallel processing, calibration free and dispersion tolerance operation (2015)

We present further improvements on the Master Slave (MS) interferometry method since our first communication [1]. In this paper, we present more data collection and additionally demonstrate an important feature of the MS method, that of tolerance to dispersion. MS interferometry produces the interference of a selected point in depth based on principles of spectral domain (SD) interferometry, but without the need of a Fast Fourier transformation (FFT). The method can be used to directly produce <i>en-face</i> optical coherence tomography (OCT) images but also as a tool to accurately measure distances in low coherence interferometry for sensing applications [1]. In the MS-OCT method, cross-correlation is applied to both methods of SD-OCT, spectrometer based (SP) or swept source (SS) OCT. The channelled spectrum provided by an OCT system is correlated with the signal produced by reading a stored mask. Several such masks can be used simultaneously. The masks operate as adaptive filters. Each mask (filter) determines recognition in the measured channelled spectrum delivered by the interferometer, of the pattern corresponding to each optical path difference to be recognized. The method presents net advantages in comparison with the classical method of producing axial reflectivity profiles by FFT: no need for resampling of data, possibility to tailor the trade-off between depth resolution and sensitivity. Here, using a swept source, the MS method is used to obtain axial reflectivity profiles, which are compared to the axial profiles obtained by calibration of data and FFT. The tolerance to dispersion of the MS method was assumed in [1] but not demonstrated. Here, measurements are performed to demonstrate its axial resolution independence on dispersion.
Approximating optimal spare capacity allocation by successive survivable routing (2005)

The design of survivable mesh based communication networks has received considerable attention in recent years. One task is to route backup paths and allocate spare capacity in the network to guarantee seamless communications services survivable to a set of failure scenarios. This is a complex multi-constraint optimization problem, called the spare capacity allocation (SCA) problem. This paper unravels the SCA problem structure using a matrix-based model, and develops a fast and efficient approximation algorithm, termed successive survivable routing (SSR). First, per-flow spare capacity sharing is captured by a spare provision matrix (SPM) method. The SPM matrix has a dimension the number of failure scenarios by the number of links. It is used by each demand to route the backup path and share spare capacity with other backup paths. Next, based on a special link metric calculated from SPM, SSR iteratively routes/updates backup paths in order to minimize the cost of total spare capacity. A backup path can be further updated as long as it is not carrying any traffic. Furthermore, the SPM method and SSR algorithm are generalized from protecting all single link failures to any arbitrary link failures such as those generated by Shared Risk Link Groups or all single node failures. Numerical results comparing several SCA algorithms show that SSR has the best trade-off between solution optimality and computation speed.
Properties of an inducible extracellular neuraminidase from an Arthrobacter isolate (1977)

The elective isolation of a soil microorganism, tentatively assigned to the genus Arthrobacter, which produced an extracellular neuraminidase is described. The secretion of neuraminidase from washed cells in minimal medium required the presence of sialo-containing glycoproteins, whereas free N-acetyl-neuraminic asid of N-acetylmannosamine were poor inducers. No enzyme could be dected in the induction fitrated of cells, in the absence of inducer or in the culture filtrate of cells grown in a complete medium. The routine enzyme inducer was a hot-water extract of "edible bird's nest." Mild acid treatment (0.05 N H2SO4) of this extract increased enzyme activity two--to threefold and the specific activity about eightfold. Neuraminidase induction with acid-treated bird's nest was manifested at a linear rate for 6 h without increase in cell number. No other anticipated glycohydrolase or protease activities were foud. The amount of enzyme located within the cells was barely detectable as compared to that found in the induction filtrate. Experiments with chloramphenicol or chlortetracycline indicate that de novo protein synthesis was required for neuraminidase production and that this exoenzyme was not released from a preformed pool. Neuraminidase from this source has an apparent molecular weight of 87,000, a pH optimum of 5 to 6, and an apparent Km of 2.08 mg/ml for collocalia mucoid and 3.3 X 10(-3) M for N-acetylneuraminlactose and is insensitive both to Ca2+ ions and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Preliminary studies indicate that the enzyme can hydrolyze alpha-2,3-, alpha-2,6-, or alph-2-8-N-acetylneuraminylglycosidic linkages. From total activity data and purification criteria, it would appear that this isolate can produce about 5 mg of enzyme per liter of induction medium.
Laminar linear weak-link mechanisms with sub-centimeter travel range and sub-nanometer positioning resolution (2009)

A 2-D linear flexure stage system is designed with high structure stiffness using the laminar over-constrained weak-link mechanism presented in this paper. This design is a new development in the application of redundantly constrained laminar structures as weak-link mechanisms. The novelty of this new mechanical design is its fishbone-shaped multiple-parallelogram structure, which performs the function of a high-stiffness, high-precision linear motion guider with subcentimeter travel range and sub-nanometer positioning resolution. Potential applications of this new stage system include advanced development of ultra-precision positioning stages for the scanning x-ray nanoprobes, long-range scanning atomic force microscopes, and equipment for nanotechnology and semiconductor industries.
Development and Validation of a GC-FID Method for the Quantitation of 20 Different Acidic and Neutral Cannabinoids (2022)

Abstract For decades, Cannabis sativa had been illegal to sell or consume around the world, including in the United States. However, in light of the recent 2018 Farm Bill and the legalization of hemp across the US, various cannabis preparations have flooded the market, making it essential to be able to quantitate the levels of the different acidic and neutral cannabinoids in C. sativa and to have a complete cannabinoid profile of the different chemovars of the cannabis plant. A GC-FID method was developed and validated for the analysis of 20 acidic and neutral cannabinoids as trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. The analyzed cannabinoids include cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinolic acid (CBNA), cannabielsoic acid (CBEA), cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (Δ9-THCVA), trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ9-THCAA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabidivarin (CBDV), trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabichromene (CBC), trans-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), cannabicitran (CBT), and cannabielsoin (CBE). The method limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.1 µg/mL, while the limit of quantitation ranged from 0.25 µg/mL to 0.5 µg/mL. The precision (%RSD) was < 10%, while trueness ranged from 90 – 107%. The developed method is simple, accurate, and sensitive for the quantitation of all 20 acidic and neutral cannabinoids. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the quantitation of the cannabinoids in different cannabis chemovars grown at the University of Mississippi.
An Experimental Study of Removing Iron Sulfide Scale from Well Tubulars (2000)

Abstract This paper describes the effect of chemical interactions on the efficiency of removing iron sulfide scale. Most types of iron sulfide can be removed by inorganic acids. A corrosion inhibitor (amine-type chemical) is added to the acid to protect the well tubulars. In addition, a hydrogen sulfide scavenger (aldehyde type) is used to prevent precipitation of elemental sulfur and iron sulfide. Other chemicals are also added to the acid to enhance acid-contact with the scale and prevent precipitation of iron once the acid is spent. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of chemical interaction on the efficiency of removing iron sulfide scale. The influences of various acid additives (anionic, cationic and non-ionic) on the dissolution power of the acid and the corrosion of oilfield steels were examined over a wide range of parameters. Results, Conclusions Laboratory data indicated for the first time that the ability of the acid to remove iron sulfide scale depends, among other factors, on the ionic character of the acid additives. Corrosion inhibitors, which are used to protect the casing and well tubulars from the acid, were found to adsorb on the iron sulfide scale and inhibit acid reaction with the scale. Hydrogen sulfide scavengers, aldehyde type chemicals, were found to inhibit acid reaction, especially at high concentrations. A similar trend was noted with methanol and citric acid. On the other hand, TX-100 (a nonionic surfactant) and SDS (an anionic surfactant) was found to enhance the dissolution of iron sulfide by the acid. Acid additives, especially anionic surfactants and mutual solvents were found to affect the ability of the corrosion inhibitor to protect the base metal.
A Novel Micropump for Electronics Cooling (2004)

A novel micropump design for electronics cooling applications capable of integration into microchannel heat sinks is presented. The pumping action is due to the combined action of Coulomb forces due to induction electrohydrodynamics (EHD) and a vibrating diaphragm with nozzle-diffuser elements for flow rectification. A comprehensive numerical model of the micropump accounting for transient charge transport and vibrating diaphragm deformation is developed. Each component of the model is validated by comparing to analytical, numerical or experimental results from the literature. It is shown that the flow rate achieved by the micropump with combined action of EHD and vibrating diaphragm can be higher than the sum of flow rates achieved from the action of the EHD and the vibrating diaphragm, independent of each other.
Cylindrical laser resonators* (1973)

A general class of cylindrical laser resonators is described in which the radiation propagates partially in the radial direction. There is a strong focusing of energy at the axis of such resonators. The low-loss cavity modes are related to ordinary gaussian beam modes. Two limiting forms are the disk laser and the tube laser, and some applications are considered.
Chip Generators Study (2008)

Abstract : This report explores a new way to think about designing digital systems, creating chip generators rather than chips, to resolve the crisis facing the chip industry: the need for high energy efficiency pushes us to create customized computing devices tailored to the user's application, while the high cost of design pushes us to using generic computing solutions. Our research indicates that customized solutions can be orders of magnitude better, and that creating a chip generator requires changing the way we think and code hardware, but should be feasible.
ChemInform Abstract: BICYCLIC LACTAM INHIBITORS OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME (1984)

Abstract Dargestellt werden die Lactame (VI), deren inhibierende Wirkun in vitro bestimmt wird.
Multilayer Monochromator For Hard X Rays And Gamma Rays (1992)

monochromator for hard x rays and gamma rays provides high spectral resolution with high throughput. Resembles instruments in Compact X-Ray and Extreme-Ultraviolet Monochromator (MFS-28499), Scanning X-Ray or Extreme-Ultraviolet Monochromator (MFS-28492), Ultra-High-Spectral-Resolution X-Ray/EUV Monochromator (MFS-28500), and Four-Mirror X-Ray and Extreme-Ultraviolet Monochromator (MFS-28498). Operates on principle of multilayer Bragg reflector. Used in nuclear, astronomical, and biomedical research, x-ray crystallography, research on processing materials, research in x-ray lasers, and x-ray lithography.
The effects of local vanadium treatment on angiogenesis and chondrogenesis during fracture healing (2012)

This study quantified the effects of local intramedullary delivery of an organic vanadium salt, which may act as an insulin-mimetic on fracture healing. Using a BB Wistar rat femoral fracture model, local vanadyl acetylacetonate (VAC) was delivered to the fracture site and histomorphometry, mechanical testing, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Callus percent cartilage was 200% higher at day 7 (p < 0.05) and 88% higher at day 10 (p < 0.05) in the animals treated with 1.5 mg/kg of VAC. Callus percent mineralized tissue was 37% higher at day 14 (p < 0.05) and 31% higher at day 21 (p < 0.05) in the animals treated with 1.5 mg/kg of VAC. Maximum torque to failure was 104% and 154% higher at 4 weeks post-fracture (p < 0.05) for the healing femurs from the VAC-treated (1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg) animals. Animals treated with other VAC doses demonstrated increased mechanical parameters at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry detected 62% more proliferating cells at days 7 (p < 0.05) and 94% more at day 10 (p < 0.05) in the animals treated with 1.5 mg/kg VAC. Results showed 100% more vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) positive cells and 80% more blood vessels at day 7 (p < 0.05) within the callus subperiosteal region of VAC-treated animals (1.5 mg/kg) compared to controls. The results suggest that local VAC treatment affects chondrogenesis and angiogenesis within the first 7-10 days post-fracture, which leads to enhanced mineralized tissue formation and accelerated fracture repair as early as 3-4 weeks post-fracture.
Microbial Formation of 4-Thiouracil (1977)

A soil organism identified as Streptomyces libani var. soldani was found to produce 4-thiouracil. The product was isolated in a yield of 150 mug/ml of filtered beer and characterized by C-13 magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The product has a broad antibacterial spectrum but low specific activity.
Simple route for elaboration of the hydroxy-ketone and dihydroxy-acetone side-chains of corticosteroids from 17-oxo-steroids (1981)

α-Formylaminoacrylic esters, produced by the condensation of ethyl isocyanoacetate with 17-oxo-steroids, have been reduced selectively to give the corresponding alcohols; the latter gave, in high yield, the hydroxyacetyl side-chain on acidic hydrolysis or the dihydroxy-acetone side-chain after appropriate oxidation and hydrolysis.
Regulation of leukocyte-endothelium interaction and leukocyte transendothelial migration by intercellular adhesion molecule 1-fibrinogen recognition. (1995)

Although primarily recognized for its role in hemostasis, fibrinogen is also required for competent inflammatory reactions in vivo. It is now shown that fibrinogen promotes adhesion to and migration across an endothelial monolayer of terminally differentiated myelomonocytic cells. This process does not require chemotactic/haptotactic gradients or cytokine stimulation of the endothelium and is specific for the association of fibrinogen with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on endothelium. Among other adhesive plasma proteins, fibronectin fails to increase the binding of leukocytes to endothelium, or transendothelial migration, whereas vitronectin promotes the binding but not the migration. The fibrinogen-mediated leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration could be inhibited by a peptide from the fibrinogen gamma-chain sequence N117NQKIVNL-KEKVAQLEA133, which blocks the binding of fibrinogen to ICAM-1. This interaction could also be inhibited by new anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies that did not affect the ICAM-1-CD11a/CD18 recognition, thus suggesting that the fibrinogen binding site on ICAM-1 may be structurally distinct from regions previously implicated in leukocyte-endothelium interaction. Therefore, binding of fibrinogen to vascular cell receptors is sufficient to initiate (i) increased leukocyte adhesion to endothelium and (ii) leukocyte transendothelial migration. These two processes are the earliest events of immune inflammatory responses and may also contribute to atherosclerosis.
ELVIS: A Correlated Light-Field and Digital Holographic Microscope for Field and Laboratory Investigations (2020)

Abstract