gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized Common Fate: Grouping by Common Luminance Changes (2001)

A critical step toward object recognition is the segmentation of a scene into relevant regions. One of the most important cues for segmentation is that of common fate: Elements that move together are grouped together Here we describe a new instantiation of common fate, in which elements move together not through physical space, but through luminance space. Experiment I shows that when elements of a scene become brighter together or darker together, observers group those elements together Experiments 2 and 3 show that this effect is not due to the availability of fixed luminance differences between target and background regions, but requires common changes within each region in the direction of luminance over time. The effect is differentiated from the recently discovered grouping cue of temporal synchrony, and is considered instead to be an extension of Wertheimer's original grouping factor of common fate. Common fate for luminance, or generalized common fate, is an extremely strong cue for the segmentation of a scene, yielding a tremendous advantage over grouping by fixed luminance cues.
Characteristics of Ferromagnetic Flux Focusing Lens in the Development of Surface/subsurface Flaw Detector (1993)

Electromagnetic NDE techniques have in the past steered away from the use of ferromagnetic materials. Although their high permeabilities lead to increased field levels, the properties of ferrous elements in the presence of alternating magnetic fields are difficult to determine. In addition, their use leads to losses which can be minimized through the use of
Kinase Scaffold Repurposing for Neglected Disease Drug Discovery: Discovery of an Efficacious, Lapatanib-Derived Lead Compound for Trypanosomiasis (2013)

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei . Because drugs in use against HAT are toxic and require intravenous dosing, new drugs are needed. Initiating lead discovery campaigns by using chemical scaffolds from drugs approved for other indications can speed up drug discovery for neglected diseases. We demonstrated recently that the 4-anilinoquinazolines lapatinib (GW572016, 1) and canertinib (CI-1033) kill T. brucei with low micromolar EC50 values. We now report promising activity of analogues of 1, which provided an excellent starting point for optimization of the chemotype. Our compound optimization that has led to synthesis of several potent 4-anilinoquinazolines, including NEU617, 23a, a highly potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of trypanosome replication. At the cellular level, 23a blocks duplication of the kinetoplast and arrests cytokinesis, making it a new chemical tool for studying regulation of the trypanosome cell cycle.
High-precision TDC in an FPGA using a 192 MHz quadrature clock (2003)

The basic principle involved in a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) medical imaging scanner is the annihilation of a positron-electron pair within a body that produces a pair of gamma-ray photons. An FPGA is used to process gamma-ray event inputs from a PET detector. An analog circuit compares the incoming gamma-ray event pulse to a threshold and produces a trigger pulse when above the threshold. A digital TDC circuit, timed with a 192 MHz quadrature clock, resides inside the event processing FPGA and measures the arrival time of this pulse. The TDC circuit does this by running a quadrature counter that is latched synchronously by a trigger pulse edge detection circuit, also running in quadrature. Meta-stability is limited to one quarter clock cycle of the trigger pulse edge circuit. The TDC circuit has a requirement to measure the arrival time with a spread based on repeated conversions of /spl plusmn/2 LSB of the 192 MHz quadrature clock (1.302 nS), a standard deviation based on repeated conversions of less than 1/2 LSB, and a differential non-linearity of less than /spl plusmn/1/2 LSB.
Eyeball: An inertial helmet mounted cueing system (2008)

Eyeball (EB) is a helmet-mounted cueing system used to display cueing symbology for target designation and location on a helmet-mounted display. In order to provide information and interact with the environment, the EB consists of two basic subsystems: a helmet-mounted inertial sensor unit that measures the accelerations and angular rates at which the head of the pilot is exposed and a helmet mounted display. When appropriately initialized and maintained, the inertial measurements can be used to determine the line-of-sight of the pilot wearing the helmet. Since the pointing direction is computed with respect to an external inertial reference frame, this line-of-sight can then be used for slaving any external system sharing the same inertial reference.
A reconfigurable printed monopole antenna for MIMO application (2012)

The new reconfigurable antenna array is demonstrated for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems. The antenna system consists of an array of two printed monopole antenna separated by a distance of 10.2 mm (of the lowest frequency band). Each of the dipoles can be reconfigured in length using PIN diode switches. This has been done by changing the switch state to either on or off mode. With the switch closed, the antenna operated at a lower frequency of 2.3 GHz, and to switch opened, the antenna operated at 3.5 GHz. The preference of reconfigurable antenna is that, the radiation characteristics are certain, since the resonance frequency is changed. Invasive Weed optimization(IWO) algorithm is used for the design and optimization of the single printed monopole antenna, to operate at these frequencies. This algorithm is then applied to design two channel MIMO antenna arrays for high degree of isolation. It is shown that good MIMO performance can be achieved even for small element spacing. The simulation results are presented.
Application of advanced robustness analysis to experimental flutter (1995)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995.
Advances in Solid State Circuit Technologies (2010)

This book brings together contributions from experts in the fields to describe the current status of important topics in solid-state circuit technologies. It consists of 20 chapters which are grouped under the following categories: general information, circuits and devices, materials, and characterization techniques. These chapters have been written by renowned experts in the respective fields making this book valuable to the integrated circuits and materials science communities. It is intended for a diverse readership including electrical engineers and material scientists in the industry and academic institutions. Readers will be able to familiarize themselves with the latest technologies in the various fields.
Recursive Robust PCA or Recursive Sparse Recovery in Large but Structured Noise (2014)

This paper studies the recursive robust principal components analysis problem. If the outlier is the signal-of-interest, this problem can be interpreted as one of recursively recovering a time sequence of sparse vectors, St, in the presence of large but structured noise, Lt. The structure that we assume on Lt is that Lt is dense and lies in a low-dimensional subspace that is either fixed or changes slowly enough. A key application where this problem occurs is in video surveillance where the goal is to separate a slowly changing background (Lt) from moving foreground objects (St) on-the-fly. To solve the above problem, in recent work, we introduced a novel solution called recursive projected CS (ReProCS). In this paper, we develop a simple modification of the original ReProCS idea and analyze it. This modification assumes knowledge of a subspace change model on the Lt's. Under mild assumptions and a denseness assumption on the unestimated part of the subspace of Lt at various times, we show that, with high probability, the proposed approach can exactly recover the support set of St at all times, and the reconstruction errors of both St and Lt are upper bounded by a time-invariant and small value. In simulation experiments, we observe that the last assumption holds as long as there is some support change of St every few frames.
A model for budget allocation in multi-unit libraries (2002)

This article addresses the problem of allocating funds for acquisition of periodicals among several interrelated units of an academic library. The paper outlines an optimization model for the problem with an objective of maximizing the usage of periodicals over all library units subject to a single collections budget. It further gives an insight into a decision support system in MS Excel based on this model, and it illustrates its successful application to the Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Efficient allocation for distributed and connected Cloud (2016)

This thesis focuses on optimal and suboptimal allocation of cloud resources from infrastructure providers taking into account both the users or consumers and the providers interests in the mathematical modeling of this joint optimization problem. Compared to the state of the art that has so far remained provider centric, our algorithms optimize the dynamic allocation of cloud resources while taking into account the users and the providers objectives and requirements and consequently frees the users (or consumers) from provider lock in (providers’ business interests). Evolutionary algorithms are proposed to address this challenge and compared to the state of the art
A Novel Approach to Isolating the Edge of the Shallow Trench Isolation in SiGe HBTs for Improved Device Performance (2014)

Scaling silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) to attain simultaneous increases in the figures of merit, f T and f MAX has necessitated a deep understanding of the inherent features of the process as it relates to the final device performance. Layout variations in the location of the field polysilicon layer relative to the edge of the active silicon region, results in marked changes in the intrinsic device, with increases in f T /f MAX of 15/20GHz respectively. Technology computer-aided device techniques are utilized to understand the process and device changes driving the improvements in device performance observed. Three possible theories that relate to changes in the device architecture inherent to the layout variation are examined.
Modular total shoulder: early experience and impressions. (1990)

All design considerations in shoulder arthroplasty are based on reconstructing normal anatomy and enhancing prosthetic fixation, particularly on the glenoid side. These goals are further enhanced by meticulous attention to detail in placement of the component parts relative to the bony anatomy. In addition, great attention must be paid to management of the soft tissue tensions and placement of the component parts relative to soft tissue origins and insertions so that asymmetric overloading of the components can be avoided and loosening and wear can be minimized. The problem of management of prosthetic replacement with associated massive rotator cuff tears continues to be a dilemma. Use of an oversized humeral head articulating with the acromion can offer a compromise solution to the problem. This technique can be combined with altered glenoid component placement or reshaping of the bony glenoid to accommodate its altered relationship with the humeral articular surface. Future design changes are needed to deal with this complex problem.
AC NBTI studied in the 1 Hz -- 2 GHz range on dedicated on-chip CMOS circuits (2006)

We describe on-chip circuits specially designed and fabricated for the purpose of measuring the effect of AC NBTI on an individual, well-defined device in the wide frequency range on a single wafer. The circuits are designed to allow measurements in multiple modes, specifically, DC and AC NBTI (both interrupted and on-the-fly), on a single pFET and on a CMOS inverter, as well as charge-pumping characterization of the stressed pFET. The results indicate that AC NBTI is independent of the frequency in the 1 Hz -- 2 GHz range. The voltage and stress time acceleration is observed to be identical for both AC and DC NBTI stress.
Multi-port technology for microwave and optical communications (2012)

In this work some of the latest advances in multi-port technology in microwave and optical frequencies are reviewed. At microwaves frequencies, multilayer technologies are clearly improving the capabilities of six-port networks designs to cover wider frequency bands with minimum imbalances. This is making feasible new applications such as ultra-wideband phase shifter-less frequency discriminator. However, it is in the optical communications field where multi-port networks have become the preferred option for coherent receiver implementation. Recently, six-port based optical coherent receivers have started to be commercialized and there are promising studies that demonstrate how five-port networks can even enhance the performance of such receivers in the next generation of optical coherent receivers.
Self-Assembly and Traveling Wave Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Hexacadmium Macrocycles (2009)

Self-assembly of 1,3-di(4'-terpyridinyl)arenes by using the labile tpy-Cd(II)-tpy (where tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) connectivity afforded access to hexacadmium macrocycles in high yield. These supramolecular assemblies were characterized by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS).
Yeast as a tool to study Bax/mitochondrial interactions in cell death (2003)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be a powerful tool in investigations of the molecular aspects of the events involved in apoptosis, particularly the steps implicating mitochondria. Yeast does not have obvious homologs of the proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis, and provides a simplified model system in which the function of these proteins can be unraveled. This review focuses on the interactions of two of the major pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, Bax and Bid, with mitochondria. It is shown that yeast has allowed questioning of several crucial aspects of the function of these two proteins, namely the molecular mechanisms driving their insertion into the mitochondrial outer membrane and those leading to the permeabilization to cytochrome c. More recently, signaling pathways leading to Bax-induced cell death, as well as other forms of cell death, have been identified in yeast. Both 'apoptosis-like' and autophagy-related forms of cell degradation are involved, and mitochondria play a central role in these two signaling pathways.
Exploring a quantum-information-relevant magnonic material: Ultralow damping at low temperature in the organic ferrimagnet V[TCNE]x (2021)

Quantum information science and engineering require novel low-loss magnetic materials for magnon-based quantum-coherent operations. The search for low-loss magnetic materials, traditionally driven by applications in microwave electronics near room temperature, has gained additional constraints from the need to operate at cryogenic temperatures for many applications in quantum information science and technology. Whereas yttrium iron garnet (YIG) has been the material of choice for decades, the emergence of molecule-based materials with robust magnetism and ultra-low damping has opened new avenues for exploration. Specifically, thin films of vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x) can be patterned into the multiple, connected structures needed for hybrid quantum elements and have shown room-temperature Gilbert damping (α = 4 × 10−5) that rivals the intrinsic (bulk) damping otherwise seen only in highly polished YIG spheres (far more challenging to integrate into arrays). Here, the authors present a comprehensive and systematic study of the low-temperature magnetization dynamics for V[TCNE]x thin films, with implications for their application in quantum systems. These studies reveal a temperature-driven, strain-dependent magnetic anisotropy that compensates the thin-film shape anisotropy and the recovery of a magnetic resonance linewidth at 5 K that is comparable to room-temperature values (roughly 2 G at 9.4 GHz). The authors can account for these variations of the V[TCNE]x linewidth within the context of scattering from very dilute paramagnetic impurities and anticipate additional linewidth narrowing as the temperature is further reduced.
SPEC CPU2006 benchmark descriptions (2006)

On August 24, 2006, the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) announced CPU2006 [2], which replaces CPU2000. The SPEC CPU benchmarks are widely used in both industry and academia [3].
Correlation between Optical Return Loss and Transmission Fringe Amplitude in High-index-contrast Waveguides (2017)

We present a phenomenological model correlating optical return loss and amplitude of fringes in transmission spectrum due to distributed backscattering in high-index-contrast waveguides. The model is validated experimentally using four different waveguide cross sections.
Development of peptide-containing nerves in the human fetal prostate gland. (1995)

Immunohistochemical methods were used to study the developing peptidergic innervation of the human fetal prostate gland in a series of specimens ranging in gestational age from 13 to 30 wk. The overall innervation of each specimen was visualised using protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), a general nerve marker. The onset and development of specific neuropeptide-containing subpopulations were investigated using antisera to neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), bombesin (BOM), somatostatin (SOM), leu-enkephalin (l-ENK) and met-enkephalin (m-ENK). In addition the occurrence and distribution of presumptive noradrenergic nerves was studied using antisera to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). At 13 wk numerous branching PGP-immunoreactive (-IR) nerves were observed in the capsule of the developing prostate gland and surrounding the preprostatic urethra but the remainder of the gland was devoid of nerves. The majority of nerves in the capsule contained D beta H and TH and were presumed to be noradrenergic in type while other nerves (in decreasing numbers) contained NPY, l-ENK, SP and CGRP. Nerves associated with the preprostatic urethra did not contain any of the neuropeptides under investigation. At 17 wk the density of nerves in the capsule had increased and occasional m-ENK-, VIP- and BOM-IR nerve fibres were also observed. In addition PGP, D beta H-, TH-, NPY- and l-ENK-IR nerves occurred in association with smooth muscle bundles which at 17 wk were present in the outer part of the gland. Occasional PGP-IR nerves were also present at the base of the epithelium forming some of the prostatic glands. At 23 wk some of the subepithelial nerves showed immunoreactivity for NPY, VIP or l-ENK. At 26 wk smooth muscle bundles occurred throughout the gland and were richly innervated by PGP, D beta H and TH-IR nerves while a less dense plexus was formed by NPY- and l-ENK-IR nerves together with a few m-ENK-IR nerves. Occasional smooth muscle-associated varicose nerve fibres showed immunoreactivity for SP, CGRP, VIP or BOM although the majority of these types of nerve formed perivascular plexuses. Also at 26 wk numerous varicose nerve fibres were observed in association with the prostatic acini, the majority of such nerves containing NPY with a few showing immunoreactivity to VIP, l-ENK, SP or CGRP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
生与死：托尔斯泰哲学艺术创作的重要主题（以早期作品为例） (2010)

1910年的一个秋夜，俄国作家托尔斯泰伯爵最终实现了他预备了多年的、悲剧式的离家出走——离开人世。这不仅仅是对他心中早已成熟的想法“本该如此”的一种冒险式回答。离开，也是他与自我之间折磨了多年的、关于生与死的本质的对话的最终话语。如果每个人都避免不了以死亡终结自身，
Internet Path Behavior Prediction via Data Mining: Conceptual Framework and Case Study (2020)

Abstract: In this paper we propose an application of data mining methods in the prediction of the availability and performance of Internet paths. We deploy a general decision-making method for advising the users in further usage of Internet path at particular time and date. The method is based on the clustering and tree classification data mining techniques. The usefulness of our method for prediction the Internet path behavior has been confirmed in real-life experiment. The active Internet measurements were performed to gather the end-to-end latency and packet routing information. The knowledge gathered has been analyzed using a professional data mining package via neural clustering and decision tree algorithms. The results show that the data mining can be efficiently used for the purpose of the forecasting the network behavior. We propose to build a network performance monitoring and prediction service based on proposed data mining procedure. We address our approach especially to the non-networkers of such networking frameworks as Grid and overlay networks who want to schedule their network activity but who want to be left free from networking issues to concentrate on their work.
Photoluminescence Spectral Reliance on Aggregation Order of 1,1-Bis(2‘-thienyl)-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole (2005)

1,1-Bis(2'-thienyl)-2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsilole (1) was prepared and characterized crystallographically. Silole 1 exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior like other 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylsiloles. Unexpectedly, aggregates formed in water/acetone (6:4 by volume) mixture emitted a blue light that peaked at 474 nm, while aggregates formed in the mixtures with higher water fractions emitted green light that peaked at 500 nm. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the aggregates formed in the mixture with water fraction of 60% were single crystals, while aggregates that formed in the mixture with water fraction of 90% were irregular and poorly ordered particles. The unusual PL spectral reliance on aggregation order was further confirmed by PL emissions of macroscopic crystal powders and amorphous powders of the silole in the dry state. PL spectral blue shifting was observed upon aging of the poorly ordered aggregates formed in mixtures with water fractions of 70-90%, and they finally exhibited the same blue emission as the crystalline aggregates. The as-deposited thin solid film was amorphous and it could be transformed to a transparent crystalline film upon treatment in the vapor of an ethanol/water (1:1 by volume) mixture, along with PL spectral blue shifting due to changing of aggregation order. It was also found that the crystalline film showed a blue-shifted absorption spectrum relative to the amorphous film and the shift of the absorption edge of the spectra could match that of corresponding PL spectra. The FT-IR spectrum of crystal powders of 1 displayed more vibration modes compared with that of amorphous powders, suggesting the existence of different pi-overlaps or different molecular conformations. The crystals of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole and hexaphenylsilole also showed blue-shifted PL emissions of their amorphous solids, with a comparable PL spectral shift of 1. Developing of a silole solution on a TLC plate readily brought about an amorphous thin layer. Our results suggest that crystalline films of AIE-active siloles are potential emissive layers for efficient blue OLEDs with stable color and long lifetime.
Fitness inheritance in genetic algorithms (1995)

GAS have proven effective on a broad range of search problems. However, when each population member's fitness evaluation is computationally expensive, the prospect of evaluating an entire population can prohibit use of the GA. This paper examines a GA that overcomes this difficulty by evaluating only a portion of the population. The remainder of the population has its fitness assigned by inheritance. Theoretical arguments justify this approach. An application to a GA-easy problem shows that greater efficiency can be obtained by evaluating only a small portion of the population. A real-world search problem confirms these results. Implications and future directions are discussed.