gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Wireless Links to Implanted Brain–Machine Interface Microelectronic Systems (2012)

This letter presents a monolithic integration of an antenna with an array of neural recording electrodes on a flexible thin film. The structure was designed for long-term neural recording in a wireless brain-machine interface system. The implant-on-body antenna pair is optimized for maximal link power efficiency to maximize the battery life of a portable outside-body control unit. We provide guidelines for the design of the sub-skin-depth implant antenna and validate the antenna simulation model with wireless link measurements in air. We propose a new computational analysis of both the power and voltage delivery to the battery-free implant under design variations to guarantee efficient on-chip RF-to-dc conversion.
Optimization of Ion Trap Array Mass Analyzer by Computer Simulation (2012)

Geometry optimization for ion trap array(ITA) mass analyzer-a novel ion trap mass analyzer with multiple ion trapping and analyzing channels was performed by computer simulation.The relationship between its geometry and performance was investigated and reported.By analyzing ion trajectories and calculate mass peaks by simulation,ITAs with better performance were separated with others.Both mass peak shape and ejection efficiency were taken into account.Some of the simulation results were compared with experimental data.
Scalable feedback control of single photon sources for photonic quantum technologies (2019)

Large-scale quantum technologies require exquisite control over many individual quantum systems. Typically, such systems are very sensitive to environmental fluctuations, and diagnosing errors via measurements causes unavoidable perturbations. In this work we present an in situ frequency locking technique that monitors and corrects frequency variations in single photon sources based on microring resonators. By using the same classical laser fields required for photon generation as a probe to diagnose variations in the resonator frequency, our protocol applies feedback control to correct photon frequency errors in parallel to the optical quantum computation without disturbing the physical qubit. We implement our technique on a silicon photonic device and demonstrate sub 1 pm frequency stabilization in the presence of applied environmental noise, corresponding to a fractional frequency drift of <1 % of a photon linewidth. Using these methods we demonstrate feedback controlled quantum state engineering. By distributing a single local oscillator across a single chip or network of chips, our approach enables frequency locking of many single photon sources for large-scale photonic quantum technologies.
Advanced Broadband Antireflection Coatings Based on Cellulose Microfiber Paper (2015)

In order to absorb a significant fraction of the incident sunlight, a solar cell must incorporate light management techniques, including high-quality antireflection coatings. Such coatings are typically produced via high-temperature deposition methods that are costly. Here, we present a new technique based on light scattering within a transparent paper that is placed on top of a solar cell. The optical and electronic responses of both Si and GaAs solar cells are tested with these coatings, and a broadband angle-insensitive response is achieved. A comparison between textured and untextured solar cells is also made, and the power conversion efficiency is improved for untextured surfaces, while the increased path length within the paper resulting from textured cells increases absorption within the paper. The process is simple and inexpensive, and the paper coatings are made from a recyclable material, leading to less environmental impact.
<title>Miniature scanning electron microscope design based upon the use of permanent magnets</title> (1997)

A table top SEM design has been presented which is based upon the use of permanent magnets. The SEM's height can be designed to be below 12 cm. Computer simulations predict that the SEM should be able to provide high spatial resolution and operate at primary beam voltages above 100 kV for thin specimens.
Ge composition dependence of properties of solar cells based on multicrystalline SiGe with microscopic compositional distribution (2004)

We present device performance of solar cells based on multicrystalline SiGe (mc-SiGe) bulk crystal with microscopic compositional distribution grown by the casting method. The average Ge composition was systematically changed in the range between 0% and 10%. A small addition of Ge to multicrystalline Si (mc-Si) was found to be very effective to increase the short-circuit current density without affecting the open-circuit voltage. As a consequence, the overall efficiency of a solar cell based on mc-SiGe was improved compared with that based on mc-Si. This result demonstrates that mc-SiGe is a promising candidate to replace mc-Si since it could achieve higher conversion efficiency without drastic increase of the production cost.
Reflective mask technologies and imaging results in soft x-ray projection lithography (1991)

In this work we investigate and compare a variety of technologies for patterning high resolution Mo/Si multilayer reflective x-ray masks for use at wavelengths near 13 nm. The patterning methods investigated include: absorbing layers deposited on top of multilayer reflectors, reflective coating removal by reactive ion etching and ion damage of multilayer regions to form a planar mask structure. Large area samples were prepared by each of the above methods and reflectivity measurements made to determine the expected mask contrast. The reflectivity data are compared with simulation for the absorber overlayer and etched multilayer measurements. Our results indicate that reflectivity changes between 5 and 300 were effected. Fine patterning tests show that mask features as fine as 0.1 μm can be achieved in each technology. The advantages, process complexity, and limits of each method are discussed. We also report the first use of an x-ray reflectance mask to print 0.1 μm features in resist. The developed resist images obtained using reflection masks in a 20:1 Schwarzschild projection camera compare favorably with transmission mask results obtained using the same optical system.
Preparation of perovskite Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3-based thin films from polymer-modified solution precursors (2006)

Epitaxial perovskite Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3 (PZN)-based ferroelectric thin films were prepared through a chemical solution approach, in which the solution precursors were appropriately modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The addition of PEG in the solution dramatically promoted the perovskite phase while suppressed the pyrochlore phase, although PEG was pyrolyzed before the crystallization. The interactions between PEG and metal ions were identified through examining the chemical states of the ions using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of an obtained thin film sample with a composition of 0.462PZN–0.308PMN–0.23PT [PT:PbTiO3;PMN:Pb(Mg1∕3Nb2∕3)O3] were characterized, showing a very low coercive field, high dielectric constant, and strong piezoelectric effect.
Silver-carbon-nanotube metal matrix composites for metal contacts on space photovoltaic cells (2015)

In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes are being investigated for mechanical reinforcement of metal contacts on inverted metamorphic multijunction solar cells. We have focused on a silver-carbon-nanotube layer-by-layer microstructure for our initial studies. The silver layer is electrodeposited, and the carbon nanotube layer is deposited by electrodeposition and nanospreading. To increase adhesion strength to metal and achieve efficient metal-nanotube stress transfer, carbon nanotubes are chemically functionalized with carboxylic or amine groups prior to deposition. The metal-carbon-nanotube composites are currently being characterized mechanically and electrically through nanoindentation and strain failure tests. The initial strain failure tests show that conductivity is maintained with 42-μm-wide microcracks in the composite layer, where the carbon nanotubes bridge the gap.
T→A transversion 11 bp from a splice acceptor site in the human gene for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein causes congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (1995)

Congenial lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid CAH) is the most severe form of CAH. Affected individuals can make no adrenal or gonadal steroids. All affected individuals are phenotypic females irrespective of gonadal sex, and frequently die in infancy if mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid replacements are not instituted. Recent data implicate the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in this disorder. We now describe a 46,XY patient of Vietnamese ancestry with lipoid CAH who had a somewhat milder form of the disease. Diagnosis was at 10 weeks of age, and low levels of plasma progesterone, corticosterone, 180H-corticosterone and androstenedione were detectable. Testicular RNA for StAR was reverse transcribed, amplified, cloned and sequenced, revealing a 185 bp deletion corresponding to all of exon 5. The corresponding mRNA did not encode active protein in transfected cells. Cloned genomic DNA from the patient revealed only a T-->A transversion in intron 4,11 bp from the splice acceptor site of exon 5. This transversion destroys an NcoI site; digestion of PCR-amplified genomic DNA from the patient and both parents confirmed that the patient was homozygous and the parents were heterozygous. Expression vectors for StAR minigenes were constructed containing all StAR exons plus introns 4, 5 and 6 either with or without the T-->A mutation in intron 4. RNase protection assays showed that expression of the vector with normal intron 4 yielded correctly spliced StAR mRNA in transfected COS-1 cells, while most, but not all StAR mRNA from the vector with the T-->A transversion in intron 4 was abnormally spliced. RNase protection of the patient's testicular RNA confirmed that most, but not all StAR mRNA was similarly spliced abnormally. Splicing errors appear to be a rare cause of genetic diseases, but subtle intronic mutations may be missed when genomic DNA is the only material available for study. The low level of normal StAR mRNA produced may account for the later clinical presentation and low levels of steroid hormones detected in this patient.
Therapy of Prostate Cancer Using a Human Antibody Targeting the Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF-IR) (2009)

Abstract : During this funding period we have shown that inhibition of the type 1 IGF receptor with a fully human monoclonal antibody can delay prostate cancer growth in intact and castrate human xenograft mouse models. Further IGF-IR inhibition of IGF-IR greatly enhanced the effects of castration and docetaxel on prostate cancer. There was a significant effect on prostate cancer when growing in bone, especially in combination with Docetaxel. There was no evidence of significant treatment toxicity. The results of these preclinical studies have led to phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in each instance.
Enlarging the bandwidth of nanoscale propagating plasmonic modes in deep-subwavelength cylindrical holes (2007)

Subwavelength cylindrical holes in optically thick metallic films always support a propagating HE11 mode near the surface plasmon frequency, regardless of how small the holes are. For holes filled with a uniform dielectric material, the bandwidth of the HE11 mode asymptotically approaches zero as the hole size is reduced to deep-subwavelength scales. We show that it is possible to create nanoscale propagating plasmonic modes with a very large bandwidth in holes that are concentrically filled with two different dielectric materials, even when the hole radius goes to zero.
Thiazole, Oxadiazole, and Carboxamide Derivatives of Artemisinin are Highly Selective and Potent Inhibitors of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2010)

We have prepared 23 new dehydroartemisinin (DART) trioxane derivatives (11 thiazoles, 2 oxadiazoles, and 10 carboxamides) and have screened them for in vitro activity in the Toxoplasma lytic cycle. Fifteen (65%) of the derivatives were noncytotoxic to host cells (TD(50) > or = 320 microM). Eight thiazole derivatives and two carboxamide derivatives displayed effective inhibition of Toxoplasma growth (IC(50) = 0.25-0.42 microM), comparable in potency to artemether (IC(50) = 0.31 microM) and >100 times more inhibitory than the currently employed front-line drug trimethoprim (IC(50) = 46 microM). The thiazoles as a group were more effective than the other derivatives at inhibiting growth of extracellular as well as intracellular parasites. Unexpectedly, two thiazole trioxanes (5 and 6) were parasiticidal; both inhibited parasite replication irreversibly after parasite exposure to 10 microM of drug for 24 h, whereas the standard trioxane drugs artemisinin and artemether were not parasiticidal. Some of the new derivatives of artemisinin described here represent effective anti-Toxoplasma trioxanes as well as molecular probes for elucidating the mechanism of action of the DART class of artemisinin derivatives.
Two-dimensional electrophoresis of prostate-specific antigen in sera of men with prostate cancer or benign prostate hyperplasia (1999)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the main marker for prostate cancer (PCa), is released from the prostate into the blood stream at nanogram level and may increase in PCa and nonmalignant disease such as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). More recently, advantage was taken of PSA's ability to bind to protease inhibitors in serum in order to improve discrimination between PCa and BPH, using the free PSA to total PSA ratio. The understanding of this phenomenon at molecular level, which is still unknown, may promise new improvements in the field of diagnostics. For this purpose, we determined the pattern of PSA forms in PCa and BPH sera, using the high resolving power of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in conjunction with the high sensitivity of chemiluminescence detection. Serum PSA differs drastically from seminal PSA: apart from complexed forms, serum PSA shows few cleaved forms. Moreover, 2-DE patterns from PCa are relatively homogeneous, whereas patterns from BPH may in some cases present a higher proportion of cleaved forms and in other cases present slightly more basic spots. We therefore demonstrated, for the first time, that an increase in the free to total PSA ratio in BPH cases may be due to cleaved PSA forms (which are enzymatically inactive and unable to bind inhibitors), or possibly related to basic free PSA, which may represent the zymogen forms.
FC^4: Fully Convolutional Color Constancy with Confidence-Weighted Pooling (2017)

Improvements in color constancy have arisen from the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, the patch-based CNNs that exist for this problem are faced with the issue of estimation ambiguity, where a patch may contain insufficient information to establish a unique or even a limited possible range of illumination colors. Image patches with estimation ambiguity not only appear with great frequency in photographs, but also significantly degrade the quality of network training and inference. To overcome this problem, we present a fully convolutional network architecture in which patches throughout an image can carry different confidence weights according to the value they provide for color constancy estimation. These confidence weights are learned and applied within a novel pooling layer where the local estimates are merged into a global solution. With this formulation, the network is able to determine what to learn and how to pool automatically from color constancy datasets without additional supervision. The proposed network also allows for end-to-end training, and achieves higher efficiency and accuracy. On standard benchmarks, our network outperforms the previous state-of-the-art while achieving 120× greater efficiency.
A Participation Incentive Market Mechanism for Allocating Heterogeneous Network Services (2009)

This paper studies an auction based allocation of network resources for short-term contracts for heterogeneous network services. The combinatorial winner selection yields the optimal resources allocation in a single-round auction for heterogeneous resources. However, the recurring nature of auction for network services causes least wealthy bidders to exit the auction as they persistently lose under the traditional combinatorial winner selection that focuses only on revenue maximization. Such exits decrease price competition and may cause a collapse of the selling prices and revenues of network service providers. We introduce and evaluate a novel auction based network resource allocation and pricing mechanism for heterogeneous network services. The proposed mechanism prevents collapse of the selling prices and the auctioneer's revenues, stabilizes auction market, and enhances social welfare by allowing larger subset of users to become occasional winners of auction rounds than the traditional combinatorial winner selection does.
Abstract 4908: Detection of bladder tumor by quantitative methylation specific real time PCR from urine sediment DNA (2010)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the fifth most frequent human cancer and causes approximately 3% of all cancer-related deaths. DNA hypermethylation is a common epigenetic abnormality in cancer and may serve as a useful marker to clone new cancer-related genes as well as a marker of the disease activity. Recently, we developed a high throughput genome wide methylation assay, Methylated CpG Island Amplification Microarray (MCAM). Using MCAM, we investigated methylation changes in about 8,000 genes in bladder tumors. Through this screening method and validation by bisulfite pyrosequencing, we have developed novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of bladder tumor. We characterized a group of genes that was found to be methylated in 80-90% of the tested bladder tumor samples. These candidate genes (DBC1, MYO3A, SOX11, SLC16A12, NPTX2, NKX6-2, A2BP1, PENK and CA10) were used to screen for bladder cancer in urine samples by quantitative methylation specific real time PCR, thus representing a non-invasive method for early detection. Based on these data, we established a panel of 6 biomarkers (MYO3A, SOX11, NKX6-2, PENK, CA10 and quantity of DNA in test urine) that can be used for bladder tumor screening in urine samples. The method showed 89.1 % sensitivity and 91.4 % specificity for detection of bladder tumor urines (n=128) compared to normal control urine (n=105) by 3 or more than 3 positive out of 6 biomarkers. Analyzing by stage of bladder tumors, 5 out of 5 (100 %) in Tis, 21 out of 29 (72 %) in Ta, 18 out of 19 (95 %) in T1, 57 out of 60 (95 %) in T2, 6 out of 6 (100 %) in T3 and 2 out of 2 (100 %) in T4 showed 3 or more than 3 positive out of 6 biomarkers. Thus, 83% of Tis-Ta-T1 stages and 95.6 % of T2-T3-T4 stages were detected in analyzed bladder tumor urines. This DNA methylation biomarkers panel will help the early detection and monitoring of bladder tumor patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4908.
Allocating fair rates for available bit rate service in ATM networks (1996)

A central issue in congestion control for the available bit rate (ABR) service in ATM networks is the computation of the fair rate for every connection at each switching node in the network. The objective is to determine the fair rate for all the connections in a distributed network under dynamic changes in the absence of centralized knowledge about the network, and without the synchronization of different network components. The authors study the problem of fair rate allocation, specifying the requirements of a fair rate allocation algorithm, and provide a survey of various proposed fair rate allocation strategies in the context of the ABR service.
Study, Design and Fabricate a Cold Crucible System (1974)

Abstract : The objective of this program is to conduct a study, design and fabricate a cold crucible system for the synthesis and Czochralski crystal growth of refractory semiconductors and oxides. During the first 6 months a theoretical analysis of the cold crucible relating the properties of the material to the electrical characteristics of the cold crucible has been essentially completed. The thermal analysis, which includes thermal modeling by means of a computer technique, has also been completed. An initial detailed analysis of the RF power control system necessary to provide the desired stability for crystal growth has been completed. The design of a cold crucible assembly suitable for the growth or refractory oxide crystals has been completed. It is a simple, rugged, modular assembly which will be readily adaptable in the future to a controlled-atmosphere furnace system.
Synthesis of polyquinolines <i>via</i> an AA/BB-type aza-Diels–Alder polymerization reaction (2016)

We report a general, modular, and high yield route to quinoline-based functional materials for applications in organic electronics.
Regeneration of Adsorbents Using Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation (1996)

The overall objective of this study is to investigate the technical feasibility of removal and destruction of organic contaminants in water using adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation. The process consists of two consecutive operational steps: (1) removal of organic contaminants using fixed-bed adsorption; and (2) regeneration of the spent adsorbent using photocatalytic regeneration. To facilitate the regeneration, some of the adsorbents were impregnated with photocatalysts, which would allow them to act as both an adsorbent for capturing the organics and a photocatalyst for destroying the organics during regeneration. Laboratory-scale adsorption processes were conducted using rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) for the loading of F-400 GAC (60X80) and Ambersorb 563 (60X80) with trichloroethene (TCE) and para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB), respectively. The spent adsorbents were regenerated in a plate photoreactor and the organic-free water was used. For the impregnated F-400 carbon, catalyst loading was observed to have little impact on the adsorption capacity for TCE. The Pt-TiO 2 impregnated F-400 carbon loaded with TCE (1,000 μg/L) could be regenerated using artificial light with a regeneration time identical to the adsorption time. About 30 loss in capacity was observed during the four adsorption/regeneration cycles. For Pt-TiO 2 impregnated Ambersorb 563, the capacity loss from the first regeneration was about 40 and no further loss was observed for the remaining adsorption/regeneration cycles. Based on these studies, the regeneration process was found to be limited by the reaction rate at the beginning of the regeneration cycle and then desorption of adsorbates from the interior adsorbent surface limited the rate. This was especially true for p-DCB, which is very strongly adsorbed. Upon further testing, it was observed that increasing the temperature significantly improved the regeneration rate. The laboratory studies confirmed that both F-400 and Ambersorb 563 could be regenerated using photocatalytic oxidation; however, a low photoefficiency was observed as compared to photocatalysis alone because the desorption of the organics from the interior of the adsorbent was very slow even at elevated temperatures.