gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Lamb wave tomography (2002)

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of aerospace structures using traditional methods is a complex, time-consuming process critical to maintaining mission readiness and flight safety. Limited access to corrosion-prone structure and the restricted applicability of available NDE techniques for the detection of hidden corrosion or other damage often compound the challenge. In this paper we discuss our recent work using ultrasonic Lamb wave tomography to address this pressing NDE technology need. Lamb waves are ultrasonic guided waves, which allow large sections of aircraft structures to be rapidly inspected for structural flaws such as disbonds, corrosion and delaminations. Because the velocity of Lamb waves depends on thickness, for example, the travel times of the fundamental Lamb modes can be converted into a thickness map of the inspection region. However, extracting quantitative information from Lamb wave data has always involved highly trained personnel with a detailed knowledge of mechanical waveguide physics. Our work focuses on tomographic reconstruction to produce quantitative maps that can be easily interpreted by technicians or fed directly into structural integrity and lifetime prediction codes. Laboratory measurements discussed here demonstrate that Lamb wave tomography using a square perimeter array of transducers with algebraic reconstruction tomography is appropriate for detecting flaws in aircraft materials. The speed and fidelity of the reconstruction algorithms as well as practical considerations for person-portable array-based systems are discussed in this paper.
An Algorithm for Automatic Name Placement Around Point Data (1982)

Abstract An algorithm for automatic name placement around point data requires both the examination of the cartographic name placement process and the utilization of spatial search techniques. The name placement process consists of selection, layout, and placement phases. Spatial search techniques are utilized to simulate the difficult layout phase. These techniques have resulted in the development of two movement methodologies, each intended to simulate a separate part of the name placement process. The automatic placement of names around point data is a feasible concept for use in map making.
Additive layered manufacturing: State-of-the-art applications in product innovation (2016)

Additive manufacturing technology permits to develop a product with high level of geometrical complex shape and produce it as unique product by implying low cost and quick time production compared with other manufacturing processes. It has proved a faster method across various industrial disciplines to build functional parts from computer-aided design model. Freedom for design in product development is a new reality with additive manufacturing. In this article, a review of additive product development is done in various industries including food, sports, and biomedical. Furthermore, different additive manufacturing techniques which are used in innovative product development are explained with case studies and examples. Also, a conceptual framework has been represented to use additive manufacturing as collaborative tool with theory of inventive problem solving technique in the innovative product development.
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Cryptographic Authentication (2003)

This document describes the authentication of Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Protocol Data Units (PDUs) using the Hashed Message Authentication Codes - Message Digest 5 (HMAC-MD5) algorithm as found in RFC 2104. IS-IS is specified in International Standards Organization (ISO) 10589, with extensions to support Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) described in RFC 1195. The base specification includes an authentication mechanism that allows for multiple authentication algorithms. The base specification only specifies the algorithm for cleartext passwords.
Lipolysis is altered in MHC class I zinc‐α<sub>2</sub>‐glycoprotein deficient mice (2007)

Non-conventional major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are involved in a variety of physiological functions, most at the periphery of the immune system per se. Zinc-alpha(2)-glycoprotein (ZAG), the sole soluble member of this superfamily has been implicated in cachexia, a poorly understood yet life-threatening, severe wasting syndrome. To further ascertain the role of ZAG in lipid metabolism and perhaps the immune system, we inactivated both ZAG alleles by gene targeting in mice. Subjecting these ZAG deficient animals to standard or lipid rich food regimens led to increased body weight in comparison to identically treated wild-type mice. This phenotype appeared to correlate with a significant decrease in adipocytic lipolysis that could not be rescued by several pharmacological agents including beta(3)-adrenoreceptor agonists. Furthermore, in contrast to previously reported data, ZAG was found to be ubiquitously and constitutively expressed, with an especially high level in the mouse liver. No overt immunological phenotype was identified in these animals.
The Effects of Baicalin Against UVA-Induced Photoaging in Skin Fibroblasts (2014)

Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation contributes to skin photoaging. Baicalin, a plant-derived flavonoid, effectively absorbs UV rays and has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may delay the photoaging process. In the current study, cultured human skin fibroblasts were incubated with 50 μg/ml baicalin 24 hours prior to 10 J/cm(2) UVA irradiation. In order to examine the efficacy of baicalin treatment in delaying UVA-induced photoaging, we investigated aging-related markers, cell cycle changes, anti-oxidant activity, telomere length, and DNA damage markers. UVA radiation caused an increased proportion of β-Gal positive cells and reduced telomere length in human skin fibroblasts. In addition, UVA radiation inhibited TGF-β1 secretion, induced G1 phase arrest, reduced SOD and GSH-Px levels, increased MDA levels, enhanced the expression of MMP-1, TIMP-1, p66, p53, and p16 mRNA, reduced c-myc mRNA expression, elevated p53 and p16 protein expression, and reduced c-myc protein expression. Baicalin treatment effectively protected human fibroblasts from these UVA radiation-induced aging responses, suggesting that the underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of oxidative damage and regulation of the expression of senescence-related genes, including those encoding for p53, p66(Shc) and p16.
Zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans (1985)

A case of zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans in a diabetic, obese female is described. The fungus gained entry into the body through injury to the skin, penetrating the keratin, epidermis, and dermis. Hyphal angioinvasion was observed. Fungal elements invaded the subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle fibers, nerves, and large blood vessels, resulting in the spread of the infection. The rapidity with which A. elegans invaded the blood vessels left no choice except amputation of the leg to stop the spread of the infection. This zygomycetous fungus closely resembles Absidia corymbifera. It is distinguished by its prominent campanulate apophyses. In its gross colony characteristics and failure to sporulate on routinely used media it resembles Saksenaea vasiformis.
Structural Snapshots of a Flexible Cu<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub> Core that Accommodates the Oxidation States Cu<sup>I</sup>Cu<sup>I</sup>, Cu<sup>1.5</sup>Cu<sup>1.5</sup>, and Cu<sup>II</sup>Cu<sup>II</sup> (2005)

The phosphido-bridged dicopper(I) complex {(PPP)Cu}2 has been synthesized and structurally characterized ([PPP]- = bis(2-di-iso-propylphosphinophenyl)phosphide). Cyclic voltammetry of {(PPP)Cu}2 in THF shows fully reversible oxidations at -1.02 V (Cu1.5Cu1.5/CuICuI) and -0.423 V (CuIICuII/Cu1.5Cu1.5). Chemical oxidation of {(PPP)Cu}2 by one electron yields the class III mixed-valence species [{(PPP)Cu}2]+ (EPR, UV-vis). Structural data establish an unexpectedly large change (0.538 A) in the Cu...Cu distance upon oxidation state. Oxidation of {(PPP)Cu}2 by two electrons yields the dication [{(PPP)Cu}2]2+, an antiferromagnetically coupled dicopper(II) complex. Maintenance of a pseudotetrahedral geometry that is midway between a square plane and an ideal tetrahedron at the copper centers, along with a high degree of flexibility at the phosphide hinges, allows for efficient access to CuICuI, Cu1.5Cu1.5, and CuIICuII redox states without the need for ligand exchange, substitution, or redistribution processes.
Colour indexing across devices and viewing conditions (2001)

This paper reports a negative result. It is well known that the colours in a scene do not depend only on the surface properties of the objects present but also on the illumination conditions and the capturing device&apos;s characteristics. Indeed, this dependence is so strong that computer vision techniques based on colour, such as object recognition [18] fail unless this relationship is accounted for. Much effort has been put into finding colour normalization techniques and colour invariants (features that do not change with changing illuminant), and many different approaches have been reported in the literature. All of these techniques, however, rely on the linearity property of the imaging process and hence on calibrated images. In this paper we set out to evaluate current state- of-the-art normalization and invariant methods on an uncalibrated image database [3]. The results of this experiment show that none of the existing techniques performs well enough to support colour based object recognition, and so suggest the need for new, improved algorithms.
Multi-frame convolutional neural networks for object detection in temporal data (2017)

Given the problem of detecting objects in video, existing neural-network solutions rely on a post-processing step to combine information across frames and strengthen conclusions. This technique has been successful for videos with simple, dominant objects but it cannot detect objects if a single frame does not contain enough information to distinguish the object from its background. This problem is especially relevant in the maritime environment, where a whitecap and a human survivor may look identical except for their movement through the scene. In order to evaluate a neural network's ability to combine information across multiple frames of information, we developed two versions of a convolutional neural network: one version was given multiple frames as input while the other version was only provided a single frame. We measured the performance of both versions on the benchmark 3DPeS Dataset and observed a significant increase in both recall and precision when the network was given 10 frames instead of just one.We also developed our own noisy dataset consisting of small birds flying across the Monterey Bay. This dataset contained many instances where, in a single frame, the objects to be detected were indistinguishable from the surrounding waves and debris. For this dataset, multiple frames were essential for reliable detections. We also observed a greater improvement in the false negative rate compared to the false positive rate in this noisier dataset, suggesting that the additional frames were especially useful for improving the detection of hard-to-detect objects.
Diamond Nanophotonics (2014)

The burgeoning field of nanophotonics has grown to be a major research area, primarily because of the ability to control and manipulate single quantum systems (emitters) and single photons on demand. For many years, studying nanophotonic phenomena was limited to traditional semiconductors (including silicon and GaAs) and experiments were carried out predominantly at cryogenic temperatures. In the last decade, however, diamond has emerged as a new contender to study photonic phenomena at the nanoscale. Offering a plethora of quantum emitters that are optically active at room temperature and ambient conditions, diamond has been exploited to demonstrate super‐resolution microscopy and realize entanglement, Purcell enhancement, and other quantum and classical nanophotonic effects. Elucidating the importance of diamond as a material, this progress report highlights the recent achievements in the field of diamond nanophotonics, and conveys a roadmap for future experiments and technological advancements.
Engineering systems in the gable home: A passive, net-zero, solar-powered house for the U. S. Department of Energy's 2009 Solar Decathlon (2010)

The Solar Decathlon is a biannual competition sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, where twenty university teams are selected to design, build and operate a sustainable, energy-efficient, solar-powered house. This paper describes the design and performance of the electrical systems deployed in the house constructed by the University of Illinois: a 9 kW solar photovoltaic system, custom power monitoring system, and a power-line communication based home control and automation system.
Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effect of Curcumin and TRAIL (TNF Related Apoptosis inducing Ligand) in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemic Cells (2016)

Our study conclude that curcumin inhibits the cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis and enhance the therapeutic potential of TRAIL which recommends that both curcumin alone or in combination with TRAIL might be useful for leukaemic prevention and better therapeutic responses.
Mapping intermolecular interactions and active site conformations: from human MMP-1 crystal structure to molecular dynamics free energy calculations (2016)

The zinc-dependent Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) found within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of vertebrates are linked to pathological processes such as arthritis, skin ulceration and cancer. Although a general backbone proteolytic mechanism is understood, crystallographic data continue to suggest an active site that is too narrow to encompass the respective substrate. We present a fully parameterised Molecular Dynamics (MD) study of the structural properties of an MMP-1-collagen crystallographic structure (Protein Data Bank - 4AUO), followed by an exploration of the free energy surface of a collagen polypeptide chain entering the active site, using a combined meta-dynamics and umbrella sampling (MDUS) approach. We conclude that the interactions between MMP-1 and the collagen substrate are in good agreement with a number of experimental studies. As such, our unrestrained MD simulations and our MDUS results, which indicate an energetic barrier for a local uncoiling and insertion event, can inform future investigations of the collagen-peptide non-bonded association steps with the active site prior to proteolytic mechanisms. The elucidation of such free energy barriers provides a better understanding of the role of the enzyme in the ECM and is important in the design of future MMP inhibitors.
A phase 1b randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial with SNF472 in haemodialysis patients (2019)

Aims SNF472 is a calcification inhibitor that is being studied as a novel treatment for calciphylaxis and cardiovascular calcification (CVC). A first study showed acceptable safety and tolerability in a single ascending dose administration in healthy volunteers and a single dose administration in haemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics relationship of intravenous SNF472 in HD patients in a multiple ascending dose administration trial with 5 doses tested for 1 week (3 administrations) and 1 dose tested for 4 weeks (12 administrations). Methods This double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled Phase 1b study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SNF472 after repeated administrations to HD patients for up to 28 days. A pharmacodynamic assessment was performed to evaluate the potential for SNF472 to inhibit hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation. Patients were grouped into 2 cohorts, receiving multiple ascending doses for 1 week (1 to 20 mg/kg, Cohort 1) and 1 dose of 10 mg/kg for 4 weeks (Cohort 2) of intravenous SNF472. Results Physical status, body weight, cardiorespiratory function, body temperature and laboratory parameters were in the normal range. No clinically relevant effects on heart rate or blood pressure were observed. No abnormal electrocardiogram or QTcB period were reported. The peak plasma concentration (7.6, 16.1, 46.0 and 66.9 μg/mL for 3, 5, 12.5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively) was observed at the end of the 4‐hour infusion and thereafter concentrations declined rapidly with half‐life between 32 and 65 min. SNF472 at 10 mg/kg inhibited dose dependently HAP crystallization in plasma samples after 28 days of treatment (78% inhibition, P < .001). Conclusions SNF472 is safe and well tolerated in HD patients after 2 schemes: multiple ascending doses for 1 week and after repeated dosing of 10 mg/kg for 4 weeks. In both schemes, SNF472 inhibits the induction of HAP crystallization. These results provide support for the use of SNF472 as a novel treatment for CVC in end‐stage renal disease.
The Role of Sodium as a Surfactant and Suppressor of Non‐Radiative Recombination at Internal Surfaces in Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> (2014)

It is well‐known that sodium improves the performance of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) devices, yet the mechanism of the enhancement is still not fully understood. This work aims to present a unified account of the relationships between grain boundaries in CZTS, sodium content at these boundaries, non‐radiative recombination, and surfactant effects that produce large microstructural changes. Using temperature‐dependent photoluminescence measurements, it is demonstrated that samples containing dramatically different grain sizes display identical radiative and non‐radiative decay characteristics when sufficient sodium is present in the film. It is also shown that the sodium concentration needed to efficiently passivate non‐radiative defects is significantly less that the quantity needed to obtain micrometer‐sized CZTS grains. Finally, the high densities of donor‐acceptor pairs that are observed in CZTS films appear to reside within the grains themselves, rather than at grain boundaries.
Scaling Internet Routers Using Optics (Extended Version) (2003)

Routers built around a single-stage crossbar and a centralized scheduler do not scale, and (in practice) do not provide the throughput guarantees that network operators need to make efficient use of their expensive long-haul links. In this paper we consider how optics can be used to scale capacity and reduce power in a router. We start with the promising loadbalanced switch architecture proposed by C-S. Chang. This approach eliminates the scheduler, is scalable, and guarantees 100% throughput for a broad class of traffic. But several problems need to be solved to make this architecture practical: (1) Packets can be mis-sequenced, (2) Pathological periodic traffic patterns can make throughput arbitrarily small, (3) The architecture requires a rapidly configuring switch fabric, and (4) It does not work when linecards are missing or have failed. In this paper we solve each problem in turn, and describe new architectures that include our solutions. We motivate our work by designing a 100Tb/s packet-switched router arranged as 640 linecards, each operating at 160Gb/s. We describe two different implementations based on technology available within the next three years.
Characterization of the patina formed on a low tin bronze exposed to aqueous hydrogen sulfide (2014)

The dark gray corrosion layer (patina) formed on the surface of a polished low tin bronze alloy following exposure to a deoxygenated and saturated aqueous solutions of H 2 S has been characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The system represents a model for bronze corrosion in reducing conditions where sulfate‐reducing bacteria in soils or deoxygenated seawater may generate H 2 S during respiration. The initial surface was dominated by metallic copper together with Sn, Pb and Zn oxides and hydroxides. Surface enrichment of Pb and Zn was noted because of a smearing effect during polishing. At least some of the lead was crystalline. In contrast, the corrosion layer formed by H 2 S(aq) exposure was dominated by polycrystalline Cu 2 S (low and high chalcocite) and smaller concentrations of CuSO 4 · n H 2 O. This surface was enriched with Zn as Zn(OH) 2 . Lead was present as redeposited PbS (galena) crystallites in at least two different morphologies. Unlike bronzes exposed to oxidizing conditions, which develop protective SnO 2 layers, the H 2 S(aq)‐exposed surface was considerably depleted in Sn. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spanish Travelers to High‐Risk Areas in the Tropics: Airport Survey of Travel Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Vaccination and Malaria Prevention (2007)

More than half of travelers to risk areas received no vaccinations before the trip. More than a third of travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa received no malaria prophylaxis.
Regulatory T cells are redirected to kill glioblastoma by an EGFRvIII-targeted bispecific antibody (2013)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role in in tumor escape from immunosurveillance. We report that a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) targeting a mutated form of the epidermal growth factor receptor, i.e., EGFRvIII, potently redirects Tregs to kill glioblastoma through the granzyme-perforin pathway.
Extremely Fast Gas/Liquid Reactions in Flow Microreactors: Carboxylation of Short‐Lived Organolithiums (2014)

Carboxylation of short-lived organolithiums bearing electrophilic functional groups such as nitro, cyano, and alkoxycarbonyl groups with CO2 to give carboxylic acids and active esters was accomplished in a flow microreactor system. The successful reactions indicate that gas/liquid mass transfer and the subsequent chemical reaction with CO2 are extremely fast.
Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of CD82 in Pig (2008)

CD82, which was originally referred to as KAI1 (kangai 1), is a member of the tetraspanin protein family, which contains four transmembrane domains. CD82 is implicated in a variety of biological processes, including apoptosis, cell adhesion, and cell migration. In this study, the full-length cDNA of pig CD82 was cloned and sequenced. Pig Cd82 cDNA contains an open reading frame (801 bp) encoding 266 amino acids. Sequence alignment results indicated that pig CD82 cDNA evidenced 85.45%, 85.63%, 77.03%, and 77.78% identity with human, cattle, rat, and mouse, respectively. In the expression study, the constitutive expression of swine Cd82 mRNA was detected in a variety of tissues, including lymphoid tissues as well as nonlymphoid tissues. Future studies will be focused on the functional role of CD82 during the course of pig infectious diseases or tumor development.
FAST SDM FOR SHAPED REFLECTOR ANTENNA SYNTHESIS VIA PATCH DECOMPOSITIONS IN PO INTEGRALS (2009)

This paper presents an approach of a shaped reflector antenna synthesis using a steepest decent method (SDM). It first discretizes the reflector surface into small patches and then uses grid nodes as variables in the synthesis procedure. Even though the number of variables can be very large for a large reflector antenna, the advantage of providing closed-form solutions for the derivatives of a cost function potentially makes this approach very efficient. The large number of variables also assists this procedure to reach a more global optimum as usually met in ordinary SDM. Numerical examples are presented to validate this approach.