gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silver-Coated Engineered Magnetic Nanoparticles Are Promising for the Success in the Fight against Antibacterial Resistance Threat (2012)

The combination of patients with poor immune system, prolonged exposure to anti-infective drugs, and cross-infection has given rise to nosocomial infections with highly resistant pathogens, which is going to be a growing threat so termed "antibiotic resistance". Due to their significant antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles are recognized as a promising candidate to fight against resistant pathogens; however, there are two major shortcomings with these nanoparticles. First, the silver nanoparticles are highly toxic to the healthy cells; second, due to the protection offered by the biofilm mode of growth, the silver nanoparticles cannot eradicate bacterial biofilms. In order to overcome these limitations, this study introduces a new class of engineered multimodal nanoparticles comprising a magnetic core and a silver ring with a ligand gap. The results indicated promising capability of the designed multimodal nanoparticles for high-yield antibacterial effects and eradication of bacterial biofilms, while the particles were completely compatible with the cells. Utilizing a gold ring as an intermediate coating on the produced nanoparticles may exploit new opportunities for theranosis applications. This will require special consideration in future works.
Remediation of an oily leachate pond in Estonia (2005)

Until recent years, waste oil and oil-contaminated waters commonly ended up in landfills. At some dump sites, ponds of oily liquids and leachate were formed. To remediate such ponds, an interdisciplinary approach is now required, keeping costs at an affordable level, particularly in countries with changing economies. From 1974 to 1993, liquid oily wastes taken to the Laguja landfill, in Estonia, were disposed of in a pond with a surface area of 9800 m2. It was estimated that the pond contained 4500-6000 m3 of oily water and 3500 m3 of oil-containing bottom sediments. This study aimed at developing an environmentally sound and cost-effective method for remediation of the oily liquids, leachate and contaminated underlying sediment material, to meet the existing legal demands. It was concluded that treatment of contaminated water is well established and the procedures carried out to meet the regulatory demands achieved satisfactory results. However, regarding treatment of sediments it was concluded that legal and technological aspects, as well as monitoring procedures are not fully established and are usually underestimated. Laboratory investigations can provide valuable information in decision-making, and contribute to effective full-scale remediation planning.
Growth of Carbon Nanotubes on Si Substrate Using Fe Catalyst Produced by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2008)

We report the growth of carbon nanotubes on the size controlled iron catalytic nanoparticles. The nanotubes were grown by thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) in the temperature range 600-850 degrees C. The Fe films were deposited on silicon by pulsed laser deposition in vacuum. Atomic force microscopy measurements were performed on the catalytic nanoparticles. The topography of the catalytic nanoparticles shows the homogenous distribution of Fe catalyst. We observe the nanotubes are produced only at temperatures between 650 and 800 degrees C, and within this narrow temperature regime the yield of nanotubes reaches a maximum around 750 degrees C and then declines. Raman measurements illustrate a high G/D peak ratio indicating good nanotube quality. By further defining the size of the catalyst the diameter of these carbon nanotubes can be controlled.
On guaranteed task scheduling in real time distributed process control systems (2002)

Having considered various kinds of factors and many assumptions, we have developed a guaranteed task scheduling algorithm for workstations in real time distributed control systems that is mainly composed of three parts: active scheduling policy, guaranteed routine and cooperation bidding. We describe a general guaranteed task scheduling condition by birth-death process. We also analyse the influence of different demands of fault-tolerance on active scheduling policy, guaranteed routine and cooperation bidding; and we explore the performance change of guaranteed routine and cooperation bidding, given different active scheduling policies. Simulation studies are used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm, given the real time distributed process control systems composed of three workstations and six front-end controllers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics and Biological Variations of M-Ficolin, a Pattern Recognition Molecule, in Plasma (2009)

The three human ficolins, H-ficolin, L-ficolin and M-ficolin, are pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system. All three ficolins can activate the lectin pathway of the complement system after binding to pathogens. H- and L-ficolin are serum proteins with an average concentration of 18 and 3 microg/ml, respectively. M-ficolin has been described as a membrane-associated pattern recognition receptor of monocytes, being also present in granulocytes; recently, minuscule amounts of M-ficolin have been found in serum, too. No assay specific for M-ficolin has yet been described and biological variations are unknown. We have raised specific monoclonal anti-human M-ficolin antibodies and have developed a quantitative assay for M-ficolin. M-ficolin elutes as a large, 900-kDa protein upon gel permeation chromatography of serum. Analysis of M-ficolin levels in serum samples of 350 blood donors reveals a mean concentration of 1.07 microg/ml, ranging from 0.28 to 4.05 microg/ml. Analyses of consecutive acute phase serum samples from major surgery patients indicated a complex response. Ontogeny was investigated through cord blood samples from healthy full-term babies, which showed adult levels, with sequential samples showing no increase from birth to 1 year of age. We suggest that M-ficolin should also be considered as a humoral pattern recognition molecule.
Use of an Experimentally Derived Leadfield in the Peripheral Nerve Pathway Discrimination Problem (2010)

The task of discriminating the neural pathways responsible for the activity recorded using a multi-contact nerve cuff electrode has recently been approached as an inverse problem of source localization, similar to EEG source localization. A major drawback of this method is that it requires a model of the nerve, and that the localization performance is highly dependent on the accuracy of this model. Using recordings from a 56-contact "matrix" cuff electrode placed on a rat sciatic nerve, we investigated a method that eliminates the need for a model, and uses instead an "experimental" leadfield constructed from a training set of experimental recordings. The resulting pathway-identification task is solved using an inverse problem framework. The experimental leadfield approach was able to identify the correct branch in cases in which a single fascicle was active with a success rate of 94.2%, but was not able to reliably identify combinations of fascicles. Nevertheless, the proposed methodology provides a framework for the study of multi-pathway discrimination, within which methods to improve performance can be investigated. Specifically, the influence of nerve anatomy and electrode design should be examined, and regularization approaches better suited to this novel inverse problem should be sought.
Limitations of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting for femoropopliteal arterial occlusive disease. (1997)

Stenting of short-segment SFA disease remains patent more frequently than for long-segment disease, and may be applicable in patients with disabling claudication or critical limb ischemia. Surgical revascularization is preferred for long-segment disease, with stenting reserved for patients with limb-threatening ischemia and no surgical alternative.
A rapid micromethod for apolipoprotein E phenotyping directly in serum (1987)

A new method for the apolipoprotein E phenotyping has been developed. The method is based on isoelectric focusing of either delipidated or guanidine-HC1-treated serum or plasma in a horizontal slab gel system followed by immunoblotting using either polyclonal or monoclonal anti-apolipoprotein E antibodies as first antibody. Apolipoprotein E phenotyping with this method in 200 serum samples that had been stored at -20 degrees C for more than one year gave exactly the same results as obtained with the conventional method based on isoelectric focusing of delipidated very low density lipoproteins isolated from fresh serum followed by protein staining. Compared with the conventional method, the present method is less laborious because ultracentrifugation to isolate VLDL is not needed; it is suitable for large scale screening purposes; it needs only a few microliters of serum or plasma, and can easily be performed with samples with low concentrations of apolipoprotein E.
Portal vein embolization for induction of selective hepatic hypertrophy prior to major hepatectomy: rationale, techniques, outcomes and future directions (2016)

The ability to modulate the future liver remnant (FLR) is a key component of modern oncologic hepatobiliary surgery practice and has extended surgical candidacy for patients who may have been previously thought unable to survive liver resection. Multiple techniques have been developed to augment the FLR including portal vein embolization (PVE), associating liver partition and portal vein ligation (ALPPS), and the recently reported transhepatic liver venous deprivation (LVD). PVE is a well-established means to improve the safety of liver resection by redirecting blood flow to the FLR in an effort to selectively hypertrophy and ultimately improve functional reserve of the FLR. This article discusses the current practice of PVE with focus on summarizing the large number of published reports from which outcomes based practices have been developed. Both technical aspects of PVE including volumetry, approaches, and embolization agents; and clinical aspects of PVE including data supporting indications, and its role in conjunction with chemotherapy and transarterial embolization will be highlighted. PVE remains an important aspect of oncologic care; in large part due to the substantial foundation of information available demonstrating its clear clinical benefit for hepatic resection candidates with small anticipated FLRs.
Joint estimation of chemical shift and quantitative susceptibility mapping (chemical QSM) (2015)

Purpose The purpose of this work is to address the unsolved problem of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) of tissue with fat where both fat and susceptibility change the MR signal phase. Theory and Methods The chemical shift of fat was treated as an additional unknown and was estimated jointly with susceptibility to provide the best data fitting using an automated and iterative algorithm. A simplified susceptibility model was used to calculate an updated value of the chemical shift based on the local magnetic field in each iteration. Numerical simulation, phantom experiments and in vivo imaging were performed. Artifacts were assessed by measuring the susceptibility variance in uniform regions. Accuracy was assessed by comparison with ground truth in simulation, and using a susceptibility matching approach in phantom. Results Using the proposed method, artifacts on the QSM image were markedly suppressed in all tested datasets compared with results generated using fixed chemical shifts. Accuracy of the estimated susceptibility was also improved in numerical simulation and phantom experiments. Conclusion A joint estimation of fat content and magnetic susceptibility using an iterative chemical shift update was shown to improve image quality and accuracy on QSM images. Magn Reson Med 73:2100–2110, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High speed cameras for motion analysis in sports science (2016)

. High speed cameras for motion analysis in sports science. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 11(1), 53-73. Video analysis can be a qualitative or quantitative process to analyze motion occurring in a single plane using one camera (two-dimensional or 2D) or in more than one plane using two or more cameras simultaneously (three-dimensional or 3D). Quantitative 2D video analysis is performed through a digitizing process that converts body segments or sport implements into digital horizontal and vertical coordinates in the computer. In order for these measurements to be accurate, image capture by means of video cameras must be sharp and motion blur-free, especially in high speed motions. In this paper, a detailed introduction to factors affecting image quality will be presented. Furthermore, selection of the most appropriate camera setting to undertake high speed motion analysis with the best quality possible, both spatially (focus and resolution) and temporally (frame rate, motion blur, shutter options and lighting), will be discussed. Rather than considering commercial criteria, the article will focus on key features to choose the most convenient model both from technical and economical perspectives. Then, a revision of available cameras on the market as of 2015 will be carried out, with selected models grouped into three categories: high-, mid-and low-range, according to their maximum performance in relation to high speed features. Finally, a suggested recording procedure to minimize perspective errors and produce high quality video recordings will be presented. This guideline starts with indications for camera selection prior to purchase or for testing if a given camera would fulfil the minimum features. A good video recording dramatically improves the analysis quality and enables digitizing software to produce accurate measurements.
Interleukin 2 induction of pore-forming protein gene expression in human peripheral blood CD8+ T cells. (1990)

Our studies have analyzed pore-forming protein (PFP) mRNA expression in resting and stimulated human peripheral blood CD3- large granular lymphocytes (LGL), CD3+ T cells, and their CD4+ or CD8+ subsets. Signals that stimulate T cells to develop cytotoxic activity (i.e., IL-2 or OKT-3 mAb) led to the induction of PFP mRNA in T cells. The data indicated that IL-2 directly increased PFP mRNA in the CD8+ subset of T cells, in the absence of new DNA or protein synthesis. Abrogation of IL-2-induced PFP mRNA expression and cytotoxic potential of T cells by the anti-p75 IL-2 receptor mAb suggested that low numbers of p75 IL-2 receptors on CD8+ T cells were capable of transducing signals responsible for these IL-2-induced effects. The induction of T cell PFP mRNA via CD3, using OKT-3 mAb, was less rapid but greater than that caused by IL-2; however, a combination of PMA and ionomycin, which bypasses crosslinking of the TCR/CD3 complex, could not mimic this increase in PFP mRNA levels in T cells. The role of second messenger systems in regulating PFP mRNA expression remains to be determined. In contrast, high constitutive PFP mRNA expression was observed in CD3- LGL and these mRNA levels could not be enhanced by stimulation with IL-2. The cytotoxic potential of peripheral blood T cells and LGL induced in response to IL-2 correlated with IL-2-induced PFP mRNA levels in these cells and was consistent with PFP being one of several important molecules involved in the effector function of cytotoxic lymphocytes.
One-step enzymatic modification of RNA 3′ termini using polymerase θ (2019)

Site-specific modification of synthetic and cellular RNA such as with specific nucleobases, fluorophores and attachment chemistries is important for a variety of basic and applied research applications. However, simple and efficient methods to modify RNA such as at the 3' terminus with specific nucleobases or nucleotide analogs conjugated to various chemical moieties are lacking. Here, we develop and characterize a one-step enzymatic method to modify RNA 3' termini using recombinant human polymerase theta (Polθ). We demonstrate that Polθ efficiently adds 30-50 2'-deoxyribonucleotides to the 3' terminus of RNA molecules of various lengths and sequences, and extends RNA 3' termini with an assortment of 2'-deoxy and 2',3'-dideoxy ribonucleotide analogs containing functional chemistries, such as high affinity attachment moieties and fluorophores. In contrast to Polθ, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is unable to use RNA as a substrate altogether. Overall, Polθ shows a strong preference for adding deoxyribonucleotides to RNA, but can also add ribonucleotides with relatively high efficiency in particular sequence contexts. We anticipate that this unique activity of Polθ will become invaluable for applications requiring 3' terminal modification of RNA and potentially enzymatic synthesis of RNA.
Hypertools in image and volume visualization (1996)

This paper describes our experience in image and volume visualization at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. After an introduction on visualization issues, we present a new software approach to the analysis and visualization of images and volumes. The efficiency of the visualization process is improved by letting the user combine small and reusable applications by the means of a machine-independent interpreted language such as Tcl/Tk. These hypertools can communicate with each other over a network, which has a direct impact on the design of graphical interfaces. We first describe the implementation of a flexible gray-scale image widget that can handle large data sets, provides complete control of the color palette and allows for manual and semi-interactive segmentation. This visualization tool can be embedded in a data-flow image processing environment to assess the quality of acquisition, preprocessing and filtering of raw data. This approach combines the simplicity of visual programming with the power of a high-level interpreted language. We show how hypertools can be used in surface and volume rendering and how they increase the interaction efficiency by performing complex or tedious tasks automatically. One biomedical application is presented.
Advances toward automation of pesticide residue determinations (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdvances toward automation of pesticide residue determinationsB. A. Karlhuber and D. O. EberleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 7, 1094–1102Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60357a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60357a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Remote Hydrogen Microwave Plasma CVD of Silicon Carbonitride Films from a Tetramethyldisilazane Source. Part 1: Characterization of the Process and Structure of the Films (2007)

Abstract Silicon carbonitride (Si:C:N) films are produced by hydrogen remote microwave plasma (RP)CVD using a 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisilazane precursor. The effect of the substrate temperature on the rate and yield of the hydrogen RPCVD process, chemical composition, chemical structure, and surface morphology of the resulting film are investigated. The Arrhenius plots of the substrate temperature dependencies of the mass‐ and thickness‐based growth rate and growth yield of Si:C:N film imply that RPCVD is controlled by the adsorption of film‐forming precursors onto the growth surface. The results of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) examinations reveal that the increase in substrate temperature from 35 °C to 400 °C involves the elimination of organic groups from the film and the formation of a silicon carbonitride network structure with a predominant content of Si‐C carbidic bonds. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that the films are morphologically homogeneous materials of surface roughness varying in a narrow range of small values (0.9 – 2.0 nm).
Splenic Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages and Marginal Zone Macrophages are the Major Interferon‐α/β Producers in Mice upon Intravenous Challenge with Herpes Simplex Virus (1999)

The interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta-producing cells (IPCs) are localized predominantly in the spleen, in particular in the marginal zones (MZ), in C57BL/6 mice injected intravenously (i.v.) with UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus (HSV). We defined the phenotype of these murine IPCs using simultaneous immunohistochemical labelling of intracellular IFN-alpha/beta and various surface antigens. We found that the IPCs in the MZ are not dendritic cells because they did not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD11c molecules. Furthermore, they did not express antigenic markers typical for T cells, B cells or red pulp macrophages. In contrast, the majority of IPCs were stained by the anti-sialoadhesin monoclonal antibody (MoAb) SER-4, which is specific for marginal metallophilic macrophages. In addition, a minor part of the IPCs with a more outward localization in the MZ were stained by a MoAb specific for MZ macrophages. We conclude that the massive IFN-alpha/beta production in the MZ of the spleen upon in vivo stimulation by HSV is mainly exerted by marginal metallophilic macrophages and to a lesser extent by MZ macrophages.
Inhibition of recombinant human maltase glucoamylase by salacinol and derivatives (2006)

Inhibitors targeting pancreatic alpha-amylase and intestinal alpha-glucosidases delay glucose production following digestion and are currently used in the treatment of Type II diabetes. Maltase-glucoamylase (MGA), a family 31 glycoside hydrolase, is an alpha-glucosidase anchored in the membrane of small intestinal epithelial cells responsible for the final step of mammalian starch digestion leading to the release of glucose. This paper reports the production and purification of active human recombinant MGA amino terminal catalytic domain (MGAnt) from two different eukaryotic cell culture systems. MGAnt overexpressed in Drosophila cells was of quality and quantity suitable for kinetic and inhibition studies as well as future structural studies. Inhibition of MGAnt was tested with a group of prospective alpha-glucosidase inhibitors modeled after salacinol, a naturally occurring alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and acarbose, a currently prescribed antidiabetic agent. Four synthetic inhibitors that bind and inhibit MGAnt activity better than acarbose, and at comparable levels to salacinol, were found. The inhibitors are derivatives of salacinol that contain either a selenium atom in place of sulfur in the five-membered ring, or a longer polyhydroxylated, sulfated chain than salacinol. Six-membered ring derivatives of salacinol and compounds modeled after miglitol were much less effective as MGAnt inhibitors. These results provide information on the inhibitory profile of MGAnt that will guide the development of new compounds having antidiabetic activity.