gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tensile and Fracture Properties of an Fe-18Cr-20Ni-5Mn-0.16N Fully Austenitic Weld Metal at 4 K (1986)

The 4-K tensile and fracture toughess properties of a fully austenitic stainless steel weld are reported. One tensile and two compact tension fracture specimens were tested. The weld was produced by gas metal arc welding using an Fe-18Cr-20Ni-5Mn-0.16N electrode and a 98 percent argon-2 percent oxygen shielding gas mixture. The yield strength of 1015 MPa and average fracture toughness, KIc (J), of 203 MPa•m are higher than those of welds produced with 308L and 316L electrodes and compare favorably with base metal properties. Examination of the fracture surfaces of all samples by scanning electron microscopy showed ductile failure by microvoid coalescence. The suitability of this alloy for welding cryogenic structures is discussed.
A Non-Intrusive Method of Face Liveness Detection Using Specular Reflection and Local Binary Patterns (2019)

With the advent of ubiquitous facial recognition technology in our everyday life, face spoofing presents a serious threat to the reliability of the security of the system. A spoofing attack occurs when a person tries to impersonate another person\'s biometric traits in order to circumvent the biometric security of the system. We have seen a lot of work being done to create systems, both intrusive and nonintrusive, to tackle the ingenious ways in which spoofing attacks try to bypass the biometric authorization systems but at the cost of computation or robustness. In this paper, we propose a robust, computationally swift and non-intrusive method to detect face spoofing attacks consisting of recaptured photographs of faces using Local Binary Patterns(LBP) and Specular Reflection. We consider the application as a binary classification problem and make use of Support Vector Machine(SVM) classifier to classify the photograph into real or fake. Experimental analysis shows competitive results of our method on publicly available datasets when compared to other works.
Techniques For The Preparation Of Bulk High Optical Quality Heavy Metal Fluoride Glasses (1984)

A new approach to the fabrication of bulk samples of heavy metal fluoride glasses with high optical quality is described. The method makes use of a sealed, modified crystal growth furnace coupled with careful attention to raw materials preparation and handling. A series of 12 fluorozirconate glasses and 2 fluorohafnate glasses prepared via the method were examined in terms of optical and physical properties, and compared with samples made by more conventional approaches. Glasses fabricated using the new technique consistently exhibit low levels of both light scattering and bulk OH content, along with very reproducible hardness, thermal parameters and UV and IR edge absorption behavior.
Modulatory effect of axial and equatorial ligands on antitumor activities of trans-1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane platinum(IV) complexes. (1994)

Acquired drug resistance is a major drawback of using cisplatin in the treatment of cancer; however, platinum analogs containing the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) ligand can overcome this resistance. DACH can exist as the trans-1R,2R, trans-1S,2S or cis isomer, and we have previously established that the R,R form of DACH-Pt(II) complex is in general superior. Here, we have examined if specific axial and/or equatorial ligands attached to a platinum(IV) center can modulate the antitumor activities of R,R-DACH-Pt complexes in murine tumor models in vivo. Four series of R,R-DACH-Pt complexes were synthesized, with each series consisting of one platinum(II) complex and three corresponding platinum(IV) analogs, each differing by the chemical nature of the axial ligand (chloro, hydroxo or acetato). Combination of axial chloro with equatorial chloro (Cl2Cl2), 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato (Cl2CBDCA), tartronato (Cl2Tart) or methylmalonato (Cl2MeMal) gave activities which were similar to or greater than those of the corresponding platinum(II) complex in the cisplatin-sensitive L1210/0 or cisplatin-resistant L1210/DDP leukemia and solid M5076 reticulosarcoma models. The exception was the complex Cl2Cl2 in the M5076 model, which was 2-fold less sensitive to this platinum(IV) complex than to the corresponding platinum(II) analog. Axial hydroxo or acetato platinum(IV) complexes were effective in combination with equatorial chloro ([OH]2Cl2 or Ac2Cl2) or tartronato ([OH]2Tart or Ac2Tart) against L1210/0, L1210/DDP and M5076 cells, but effective only against M5076 cells when combined with equatorial 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato (CBDCA) or methylmalonato. The results demonstrated a profound effect of axial and equatorial ligands on the antitumor activities of R,R-DACH-Pt(IV) complexes. Furthermore, these modulatory effects could be influenced strongly by the tumor model. The interesting finding from this structure-activity study was the emergence of R,R-DACH([OH]2Cl2)Pt(IV) complex as a 'lead' analog worthy of further exploration.
The Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Cancer Stem Cells (2015)

Intratumoral heterogeneity challenges existing paradigms for anticancer therapy. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the model of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the model of clonal evolution mutually contribute to intratumoral heterogeneity, as CSCs themselves undergo clonal evolution. The limitation of conventional anticancer therapies may lead to treatment failure and cancer recurrence, mainly due to drug resistance and self-renewal capacities of CSC. These two factors are responsible for resistance to standard oncology treatments. In this study, we examine cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment of CSC in vitro. We demonstrate that two types of heterogeneous CSC populations derived from a single patient tumor are sensitive to the effects of plasma treatment. Surprisingly, the more aggressive CSC population (C13) was more sensitive to CAP treatment than the less aggressive type (C12).
EM-Based on-Chip Aging Sensor for Detection and Prevention of Counterfeit and Recycled ICs (2015)

The counterfeiting and recycled integrated circuits (ICs) has become a major security threat for commercial and military systems. In addition to the huge economic impacts, they post significant security and safety threats on those systems. In this paper, we propose a new lightweight on-chip aging sensor, which is based on the electromigration (EM)-induced aging effects for fast detection and prevention of recycled ICs. Our new EM-based aging sensor exploits the natural aging/failure mechanism of interconnect wires to time the aging of the chip. Compared with existing aging sensor, the new aging sensor can provide more accurate prediction of the chip usage time at smaller area footprints due to its simple structure. The new sensor is based on a newly proposed physics-based stress evolution model of EM effects for accurate prediction of the EM failure. As a result, we can design the interconnect wire structures based on copper interconnect technology so that the resulting wires will have detectable EM failure at a specific time with sufficient accuracy. In order to mitigate the problem of the inherent variations in the metal grain sizes and assess its impacts on the nucleation time of metal wires, a number of parallel properly structured wires are used in the sensor. The parameters of the wires are optimized using the new EM model. Our statistical and variational analysis shows that the proposed aging sensor can accurately predict the targeted failure times in the presence of both inherent uncertainties. Our study also shows that more parallel wires will lead to more accurate statistical predictions at costs of more areas.
AutoModeling: Integrated Approach for Automated Model Generation by Ensemble Selection of Feature Subset and Classifier (2018)

Feature subset selection and identification of appropriate classification method plays an important role to optimize the predictive performance of supervised machine learning system. Current literature makes isolated attempts to optimize the feature selection and classifier identification. However, feature set has an intrinsic relationship with classification technique and together they form a `model' for classification task. In this paper, we propose AutoModeling that finds optimal learning model and jointly optimize the feature and hypothesis space to maximize performance measure objective function. It is an automated framework of selecting the ensemble model {selected feature subset, selected classifier} from a given superset of features and classifiers learned from given training dataset in a computational efficient manner. We introduce novel relax-greedy search with our proposed patience function as a wrapper feature selection that maximizes the predictive performance and eliminates the classical nesting effect. We perform extensive experimentations on different types of publicly available datasets and AutoModeling demonstrates superior performance over relevant state-of-the-art methods, expert-driven manual methods and deep neural networks.
A molecular signature in the pannexin1 intracellular loop confers channel activation by the α1 adrenoreceptor in smooth muscle cells (2015)

Both purinergic signaling through nucleotides such as ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) and noradrenergic signaling through molecules such as norepinephrine regulate vascular tone and blood pressure. Pannexin1 (Panx1), which forms large-pore, ATP-releasing channels, is present in vascular smooth muscle cells in peripheral blood vessels and participates in noradrenergic responses. Using pharmacological approaches and mice conditionally lacking Panx1 in smooth muscle cells, we found that Panx1 contributed to vasoconstriction mediated by the α1 adrenoreceptor (α1AR), whereas vasoconstriction in response to serotonin or endothelin-1 was independent of Panx1. Analysis of the Panx1-deficient mice showed that Panx1 contributed to blood pressure regulation especially during the night cycle when sympathetic nervous activity is highest. Using mimetic peptides and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a specific amino acid sequence in the Panx1 intracellular loop that is essential for activation by α1AR signaling. Collectively, these data describe a specific link between noradrenergic and purinergic signaling in blood pressure homeostasis.
Cloning, Expression, and Pharmacology of Four Human 5‐Hydroxytryptamine<sub>4</sub> Receptor Isoforms Produced by Alternative Splicing in the Carboxyl Terminus (1998)

We report here the molecular cloning of three new splice variants of the human serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine4 (h5-HT4) receptor, which we named h5-HT4(b), h5-HT4(c), and h5-HT4(d). The sequence following the splicing site at Leu358 in the C-terminal tail of h5-HT4(b) displays a 74% protein identity with the same region in the long form of the rat 5-HT4 receptor (r5-HT4L) but is shorter by 18 amino acids compared to its rat counterpart. The splice variants h5-HT4(c) and h5-HT4(d) are the first of their kind to be described in any animal species. The C terminus of h5-HT4(c) displays a high number of putative phosphorylation sites. The h5-HT4(d) isoform corresponds to an ultrashort form of the receptor, with a truncation two amino acids after the splicing site. Tissue distribution studies revealed some degree of specificity in the pattern of expression of the different isoforms within the human body. The four splice variants transiently expressed in COS-7 cells displayed an identical 5-HT4 pharmacological profile and showed a similar ability to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity in the presence of 5-HT. The stimulatory pattern of cyclic AMP formation in response to the 5-HT4 agonist renzapride was found to be significantly different between h5-HT4(a) and the other h5-HT4 isoforms, indicating that the splice variants may differ in the way they trigger the signal transduction cascade following receptor activation.
Automatic Prediction of Epileptic Seizure Using Kernel Fisher Discriminant Classifiers (2011)

Accurate classification of seizure and non-seizure EEG signals is an important step in epileptic seizure prediction. In this paper, a seizure prediction algorithm based on kernel Fisher discriminant (KFD) classifiers is proposed. In this algorithm, spectral features are extracted by wavelet transform from seizure and non-seizure EEG signals. Then an efficient leave-one-out cross-validation of KFD classifier is used to classify the extracted features from EEG signals. This classifier have a low computational complexity that being significantly faster than conventional k-fold cross-validation procedures and being an attractive means of model selection in large-scale applications. The performance of algorithm is evaluated based on four measures, accuracy, false detection rate (FDR), good detection rate (GDR) and delay. The results illustrate that the algorithm can recognize 81 seizures of all 87 seizures with average delay of 3.7 second.
Magnetic Diode Behavior at Room Temperature in 2D Honeycombs (2018)

Abstract The magnetic analog of a semiconductor diode, demonstrating unidirectional electrical transport, is a highly desirable functionality for spintronics application, as it can play a dual role as magnetic memory device and logic element. However, creating such a functional material or device with operation ability at room temperature in the absence of any external tuning parameter, for instance a magnetic field, is a challenge till date. In this study, the finding of semiconductor diode‐type rectification in a 2D honeycomb lattice, made of an ultrasmall permalloy magnet with a typical length of ≈12 nm is reported. The unidirectional electrical transport behavior, characterized by the asymmetric colossal enhancement in differential conductivity at a modest current application of ≈10–15 µA, persists to T = 300 K in honeycomb lattice of a moderate thickness of ≈6 nm. Importantly, the unidirectional biasing arises without the application of a magnetic field with an output power, ≈30 nW, by three orders of magnitude smaller than a semiconductor junction diode. Together, these properties provide a new vista for spintronics research.
Automated lung sound analysis for detecting pulmonary abnormalities (2017)

Identification of pulmonary diseases comprises of accurate auscultation as well as elaborate and expensive pulmonary function tests. Prior arts have shown that pulmonary diseases lead to abnormal lung sounds such as wheezes and crackles. This paper introduces novel spectral and spectrogram features, which are further refined by Maximal Information Coefficient, leading to the classification of healthy and abnormal lung sounds. A balanced lung sound dataset, consisting of publicly available data and data collected with a low-cost in-house digital stethoscope are used. The performance of the classifier is validated over several randomly selected non-overlapping training and validation samples and tested on separate subjects for two separate test cases: (a) overlapping and (b) non-overlapping data sources in training and testing. The results reveal that the proposed method sustains an accuracy of 80% even for non-overlapping data sources in training and testing.
Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and Diabetes Mellitus in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (1994)

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disease. The better classification of types of diabetes mellitus among adults will improve epidemiologic studies of determinants of risk factors and genetic host susceptibility. Recently, an antibody to a specific enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase, has been closely linked to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sera were collected at baseline between 1972 and 1974 from initially nondiabetic participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. After approximately 18 years of frozen storage, the serum samples were tested for antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) in 175 men who developed diabetes and 352 matched controls who did not develop diabetes during the 6-year follow-up. Nine of the 527 samples tested had elevated (19 or more units) titers of anti-GAD. Six of the nine men with elevated anti-GAD subsequently developed diabetes, and three of these six were ultimately placed on insulin therapy. These data suggest that elevated levels of anti-GAD may be a prospective marker for the subsequent development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The measurement of anti-GAD is relatively easy, can be performed in stored serum specimens, and may be used in epidemiologic studies to enhance the understanding of the determinants of diabetes mellitus.
Method for processing a miniature ultrasound high efficiency transducer assembly (1994)

First Page
All-optical photonic oscillator with high-Q whispering gallery mode resonators (2005)

We demonstrated low threshold optical photonic hyper-parametric oscillator in a high-Q (10/sup 10/) CaF/sub 2/ whispering gallery mode resonator which generates stable 8.5 GHz signal. The oscillations result from the resonantly enhanced four wave mixing occurring due to Kerr nonlinearity of the material.
A New Series of Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Effect of Alkyl Substituents on Receptor-Binding Affinity (2004)

New types of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinity and biological effect on reproductive cells. A proposed lead structure (B) was derivatized to provide compounds 30 and 44, which showed good estrogen-receptor binding affinity (K(i) values: 6.3 and 10 nM, respectively), as well as minimal impact on mammary and uterine carcinoma cells. Introduction of an alkyl group in the core structure considerably enhanced receptor-binding affinity of the compounds tested. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of these compounds are described.
Trail-following Disruption in the Invasive Argentine Ant with a Synthetic Trail Pheromone Component (Z)-9-hexadecenal (2009)

We newly conceived the idea of trail-following disruption of a highly invasive ant species, the Argentine ant Linepithema humile, using a synthetic trail pheromone component (Z)-9-hexadecenal. Alongwith this concept, attempts have been made to develop novel methodologies to control this cosmopolitan pest. In this report, polyethylene tube dispensers containing synthetic (Z)-9-hexadecenal were prepared, and effects on Argentine ant trail-following behavior and recruitment to baits were investigated. Treatment with a dispenser near a natural Argentine ant trail dramatically disrupted the trail-following behavior, and the ants wandered around an area near the trail and dispenser. Furthermore, treatment with dispensers of a 100 m 2 field largely suppressed Argentine ant recruitment to baits. These results demonstrated the usefulness of the long-life dispensers for further long-term field experiments to develop practical control methodologies for pest ants with synthetic trail pheromones. However, despite the above clear effects, the data also suggested an incomplete effect of the disruption using (Z)-9-hexadecenal alone. Further improvement of the trail-disruption effects and realizing practical control with synthetic trail pheromone are discussed.
Interaction between Fenbendazole and Piperonyl Butoxide: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Implications (1996)

The effect of the cytochrome P450 inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide on the pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic efficacy of the benzimidazole compound fenbendazole was studied in sheep and goats. Pretreatment of goats with the inhibitor caused a greater than three-fold increase in the relative bioavailability of fenbendazole and fenbendazole sulphoxide. A pharmacokinetic dose titration study was carried out in sheep with fenbendazole (5 mg kg-1) and piperonyl butoxide administered orally at 0, 15, 31, 63, 125 and 250 mg kg-1. The AUC of fenbendazole and the sulphoxide were significantly increased when fenbendazole was co-administered with piperonyl butoxide at dose rates equal to or higher than 31 mg kg-1. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and mean residence time (MRT) were also significantly increased. The efficacy of the combination was assessed in sheep against two species of benzimidazole-resistant abomasal nematodes; Ostertagia circumcincta and Haemonchus contortus. The percentage reduction in the total number of O. circumcincta worms was 7.9% (fenbendazole) and 97.8% (fenbendazole-piperonyl butoxide). For H. contortus, the percentage reduction was 84.8% (fenbendazole) and 99.0% (fenbendazole-piperonyl butoxide). The in-vitro S-oxidation of fenbendazole and fenbendazole sulphoxide was studied using microsomal preparations from rat liver. Piperonyl butoxide inhibited significantly the sulphoxidation and sulphonation of fenbendazole. It was concluded that piperonyl butoxide inhibited the oxidative conversion of fenbendazole into inactive metabolites and this resulted in a potentiated anthelmintic action.
SUSE: Superior Storage-Efficiency for Routing Tables Through Prefix Transformation and Aggregation (2009)

A novel storage design for IP routing table construction is introduced on the basis of a single set-associative hash table to support fast longest prefix matching (LPM). The proposed design involves two key techniques to lower table storage required drastically: 1) storing transformed prefix representations; and 2) accommodating multiple prefixes per table entry via prefix aggregation, achieving superior storage-efficiency (SUSE). With each prefix (p(x)) maneuvered as a polynomial, p(x) - q(x) x g(a;) + r(x) based on a divisor g(x), SUSE keeps only q(x) rather than full and long p(x) in an r(x)-indexed table with 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">degree(g(x))</sup> entries, because q(x) and r(x) uniquely identify p(x). Additionally, using r(x) as the hash index exhibits better distribution than do original prefixes, reducing hash collisions, which can be tolerated further by the set-associative design. Given a set of chosen prefix lengths (called "treads"), all prefixes are rounded down to nearest treads under SUSE before hashed to the table using their transformed representations so that prefix aggregation opportunities abound in hash entries. SUSE yields significant table storage reduction and enjoys fast lookups and speedy incremental updates not possible for a typical trie-based design, with the worst-case lookup time shown upper-bounded theoretically by the number of treads (¿) but found experimentally to be 4 memory accesses when ¿ equals 8. SUSE makes it possible to fit a large routing table with 256 K (or even 1 M) prefixes in on-chip SRAM by today's ASIC technology. It solves both the memory- and the bandwidth-intensive problems faced by IP routing.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Bent Allene Hydrido‐Carbonyl Complexes of Ruthenium: Highly Active Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Olefins. (2015)

Abstract A new family of ruthenium complexes is synthesized and evaluated for their catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of unactivated olefins.
Microscale systems based on ultrasonic MEMS — CMOS integration (2017)

Integration of electronics with micromachined ultrasound transducers is a key promise of capacitive and piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer technologies. Recent advances leading to successful monolithic ultrasonic MEMS-CMOS integration is reviewed with a brief historical perspective. The significance of these integrated systems in terms of required performance and system complexity is emphasized using a medical ultrasound imaging application as an example. A low voltage CMUT-on-CMOS based single chip intravascular imaging system, which achieves these goals is described and initial imaging experiments are presented. A brief critical review of the current state of CMUT and PMUT technologies is presented with future research directions.