gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fermentation Kinetics of Ethanol Production from Glucose and Xylose by Recombinant Saccharomyces 1400(pLNH33) (1999)

Fermentation kinetics of ethanol production from glucose, xylose, and their mixtures using a recombinant Saccharomyces 1400(pLNH33) are reported. Single-substrate kinetics indicate that the specific growth rate of the yeast and the specific ethanol productivity on glucose as the substrate was greater than on xylose as a substrate. Ethanol yields from glucose and xylose fermentation were typically 95 and 80% of the theoretical yield, respectively. The effect of ethanol inhibition is more pronounced for xylose fermentation than for glucose fermentation. Studies on glucose-xylose mixtures indicate that the recombinant yeast co-ferments glucose and xylose. Fermentation of a 52.8 g/L glucose and 56.3 g/L xylose mixture gave an ethanol concentration of 47.9 g/L after 36 h. Based on a theoretical yield of 0.51 g ethanol/g sugars, the ethanol yield from this experiment (for data up to 24 h) was calculated to be 0.46 g ethanol/g sugar or 90% of the theoretical yield. The specific growth rate of the yeast on glucose-xylose mixtures was found to lie between the specific growth rate on glucose and the specific growth rate on xylose. Kinetic studies were used to develop a fermentation model incorporating the effects of substrate inhibition, product inhibition, and inoculum size. Good agreements were obtained between model predictions and experimental data from batch fermentation of glucose, xylose, and their mixtures.
Dual-wavelength coupled-cavity Ti:sapphire laser with active mirror for enhanced red operation and efficient intracavity sum frequency generation at 459 nm (1994)

Sum frequency generation at 459 nm is demonstrated in a dual-wavelength coupled-cavity Ti:sapphire laser operating simultaneously at 808 nm and 1.06 /spl mu/m. Enhanced operation of the Ti:sapphire laser at 1.06 /spl mu/m is provided by a diode-pumped Nd:YAG active mirror. Comparable intracavity power is produced at both wavelengths, and 109 mW at 459 nm was generated with an intracavity KTP crystal. The 459-nm linewidth is 1 pm, and the conversion efficiency is 16%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An overview of the biology of a long-acting inhaled treprostinil prodrug (2020)

Treprostinil (TRE) is a prostanoid analog pulmonary vasodilator drug marketed with subcutaneous, intravenous (i.v.), oral, and inhaled routes of administration for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Due to its short half-life, TRE requires either continuous infusion or multiple dosing, which exacerbates its side effects. Therefore, a long-acting prostanoid analog that maintains the positive attributes of TRE but has fewer TRE-related side effects could be of clinical benefit. In this report, we describe the discovery, preclinical development, and biology of the TRE ester prodrug, treprostinil palmitil (TP), which is formulated in a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) for administration as a nebulized inhaled suspension (TPIS). In screening assays focused on the conversion of prodrug to TRE, TP (16 carbon alkyl chain) had the slowest rate of conversion compared with short-alkyl chain TRE prodrugs (i.e., 2-8 carbon alkyl chain). Furthermore, TP is a pure prodrug and possesses no inherent binding to G-protein coupled receptors including prostanoid receptors. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats and dogs demonstrated that TPIS maintained relatively high concentrations of TP in the lungs yet had a low maximum plasma concentrations (C<sub>max</sub>) of both TP and, more importantly, the active product, TRE. Efficacy studies in rats and dogs demonstrated inhibition of pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by exposure to hypoxic air or i.v.-infused U46619 (thromboxane mimetic) over 24 h with TPIS. Cough was not observed with TPIS at an equivalent dose at which TRE caused cough in guinea pigs and dogs, and there was no evidence of desensitization to the inhibition of pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats with repeat inhaled dosing. TPIS was also more efficacious than i.v.-infused TRE in a sugen/hypoxia rat model of PAH to inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling, an effect likely driven by local activities of TRE within the lungs. TPIS also demonstrated antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity in the lungs in rodent models of pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. In a phase 1 study in healthy human participants, TPIS (referred to as INS1009) had a lower plasma TRE C<sub>max</sub> and fewer respiratory-related side effects at equimolar doses compared with inhaled TRE. We have now formulated TP as an aerosol powder for delivery by a dry powder inhaler (referred to as treprostinil palmitil inhalation powder-TPIP), and as an aerosol solution in a fluorohydrocarbon solvent for delivery by a metered dose inhaler. These options may reduce drug administration time and involve less device maintenance compared with delivery by nebulization.
Platelet-associated antibody to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa from chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients often binds to divalent cation- dependent antigens (1993)

Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a syndrome of destructive thrombocytopenia due to autoantibodies against platelet- associated antigens. These antigens are most commonly located on the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. In the present studies, we show that many platelet-associated anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies from chronic ITP patients depend on conformationally intact GPIIb/IIIa for maximal binding. We studied anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies from 19 ITP patients (15 platelet-associated, 8 plasma) and alloantibodies from three patients with posttransfusion purpura (anti-PIA1). Antibodies were preincubated with purified intact GPIIb/IIIa, EDTA-dissociated GPIIb/IIIa, GPIIIa, or GPIIb for 2 hours and then residual antibody was measured in an antigen capture assay. The binding results were compared with those obtained using antibody preincubated in buffer. Of the 15 platelet-associated autoantibodies studied, the intact GPIIb/IIIa complex resulted in greater inhibition of antibody binding than the EDTA-dissociated complex, with a mean inhibition ratio (intact/dissociated) of 7.9 (range, 1.4 to 30.3). Little inhibition was noted using either GPIIb or GPIIIa. Conversely, plasma anti-PIA1 alloantibodies or plasma autoantibodies from ITP patients against the c- terminal region of GPIIIa were more efficiently inhibited by the dissociated complex or purified GPIIIa. We conclude that platelet- associated anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies in chronic ITP are frequently directed to cation-dependent conformational antigens.
Geodesic Image and Video Editing (2011)

This paper presents a new, unified technique to perform general edgesensitive editing operations on n-dimensional images and videos efficiently. The first contribution of the paper is the introduction of a generalized geodesic distance transform (GGDT), based on soft masks. This provides a unified framework to address several, edge-aware editing operations. Diverse tasks such as de-noising and non-photorealistic rendering, are all dealt with fundamentally the same, fast algorithm. Second, a new, geodesic, symmetric filter (GSF) is presented which imposes contrast-sensitive spatial smoothness into segmentation and segmentation-based editing tasks (cutout, object highlighting, colorization, panorama stitching). The effect of the filter is controlled by two intuitive, geometric parameters. In contrast to existing techniques, the GSF filter is applied to real-valued pixel likelihoods (soft masks), thanks to GGDTs and it can be used for both interactive and automatic editing. Complex object topologies are dealt with effortlessly. Finally, the parallelism of GGDTs enables us to exploit modern multi-core CPU architectures as well as powerful new GPUs, thus providing great flexibility of implementation and deployment. Our technique operates on both images and videos, and generalizes naturally to n-dimensional data. The proposed algorithm is validated via quantitative and qualitative comparisons with existing, state of the art approaches. Numerous results on a variety of image and video editing tasks further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Scalable time-versioning support for property graph databases (2017)

When graphs change over time, it is important to make the changes trackable for many graph-based applications. We propose an implementation of OLTP-oriented graph database that supports time-versioning. There has been a few snapshot-based approaches for supporting time-versions, but they usually require the full-restoration of the graph, and lack the resolution of the time space. Using a B-tree as the datastructure for the backend storage, our database allow fast and scalable support for restoring the arbitrary part of the graph, without slowing down the normal accesses to the current graph. Experimental results show that our scheme is much efficient than the straightforward solutions, in terms of space and performance.
Novel Bifunctional Quinolonyl Diketo Acid Derivatives as HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors:  Design, Synthesis, Biological Activities, and Mechanism of Action (2006)

The virally encoded integrase protein is an essential enzyme in the life cycle of the HIV-1 virus and represents an attractive and validated target in the development of therapeutics against HIV infection. Drugs that selectively inhibit this enzyme, when used in combination with inhibitors of reverse transcriptase and protease, are believed to be highly effective in suppressing the viral replication. Among the HIV-1 integrase inhibitors, the beta-diketo acids (DKAs) represent a major lead for anti-HIV-1 drug development. In this study, novel bifunctional quinolonyl diketo acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested for their inhibitory ability against HIV-1 integrase. The compounds are potent inhibitors of integrase activity. Particularly, derivative 8 is a potent IN inhibitor for both steps of the reaction (3'-processing and strand transfer) and exhibits both high antiviral activity against HIV-1 infected cells and low cytotoxicity. Molecular modeling studies provide a plausible mechanism of action, which is consistent with ligand SARs and enzyme photo-cross-linking experiments.
Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor of the TRIP8b–HCN interaction with efficacy in neurons (2022)

Major depressive disorder is a critical public health problem with a lifetime prevalence of nearly 17% in the United States. One potential therapeutic target is the interaction between hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and an auxiliary subunit of the channel named tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b). HCN channels regulate neuronal excitability in the mammalian hippocampus, and recent work has established that antagonizing HCN function rescues cognitive impairment caused by chronic stress. Here, we utilize a high-throughput virtual screen to find small molecules capable of disrupting the TRIP8b-HCN interaction. We found that the hit compound NUCC-0200590 disrupts the TRIP8b-HCN interaction in vitro and in vivo. These results provide a compelling strategy for developing new small molecules capable of disrupting the TRIP8b-HCN interaction.
Fuel Cells: Bulk Metallic Glass Micro Fuel Cell (Small 12/2013) (2013)

The first all-bulk metallic glass (BMG) micro fuel cell is designed by A. D. Taylor and co-workers, consisting of Pt-based BMG electrodes and Zr-based BMG endplates. BMGs are amorphous metal alloys readily formed into a variety of shapes and sizes. The Pt–BMG electrode with high catalytic activity takes advantage of multi-length scale thermoplastic forming to produce nanowires supported on a disc with 110 μm pores. Zr–BMG has superior corrosion resistance and conductivity beyond silicon, stainless steel, and graphite. On page 2081, this fuel cell is demonstrated for the first time as a flow field current collector.
Automated Virtual Placement and Evaluation of Tibial Components for Knee Arthroplasty (2011)

The ability of tibial tray component shapes to appropriately fit boney geometry is an important aspect of implant design in total knee arthroplasty. Overhang of components in the knee has been associated with soft tissue damage and joint pain [1,2]. Good coverage establishes stability through adequate cortical bone support of the tray component, and reduces the likelihood of loosening and subsidence [3–5], and therefore serves as a key factor in component fixation, especially in those that rely on biological growth into porous component backings such as Trabecular Metal™ Material. More importantly, rotational malalignment of the tibial tray can disrupt the natural kinematics and implant longevity [6]. Previous studies investigated coverage of multiple tibial trays on digitized bone resection contours [1,7]. However the methodology for rotational alignment during implantation was not identified. Although rotational alignment has been investigated in numerous studies, most of the studies were carried out by either investigating the impact of malalignment [6], or assessing different definitions of the tibia rotational axis [8]. No correlation between the size of the rotational alignment window and the amount of coverage has been shown.
Apple Sorting with Machine Vision (1986)

ABSTRACT AN apple handling and sorting device using machine vision for bruise detection and classification into USDA grades was developed and tested. A rotating cone and wheel mechanism orients the fruit with the stem-calyx axis in the vertical direction. The fruit is rotated 360 deg on a vertical axis spindle and viewed by a 64 pixel line scan camera. The digital image captured by the camera and computer represents most of the surface of the apple. Grey level response to bruised tissue is represented by reduced image intensity. Bruise patterns are determined by image filtering, differencing, binary image thresholding and measurement of the shape of the areas representative of bruises by using thinness ratios. Bruise areas on apples are predicted and compared with measured bruise areas with a correlation ranging from 0.63 to 0.84. Grade classification errors are presented as a comparison of accuracy of grade predictions for the total quantity of fruit graded and on a grade-by-grade analysis of the errors in misclassification. A strong correlation between bruise depth and measured bruise surface area is also illustrated. The current algorithm and system for bruise detection appears to equal the accuracy of current manual bruise detection systems and is a consistent means of apple bruise detection.
Graphitic interfacial layer to carbon nanotube for low electrical contact resistance (2010)

Graphitic interfacial layer is used to wet the surface of carbon nanotube and dramatically lower the contact resistance of metal to metallic single-wall carbon nanotube (m-CNT). Using Ni-catalyzed graphitization of amorphous carbon (a-C), the average resistance of metal/m-CNT is reduced by 7X compared to the same contact without the graphitic layer. Small-signal conductance measurements from 77K to 300K reveal the effective contact improvement.
A new periodontal probe with automated cemento‐enamel junction detection (1986)

A new automated periodontal probe has been developed which measures attachment level relative to the cemento-enamel junction in a single measurement. The probe tip automatically enters the periodontal pocket and retracts under controlled force. As the probe tip transverses the cemento-enamel junction, the electronics detect an alteration in the acceleration of the probe tip. Thus, the location of the cemento-enamel junction is determined automatically. The repeatability and accuracy of the probe was assessed in vitro. Measurements of attachment level were repeatable to 0.03 mm, and the probe had a net accuracy of 0.04 mm.
Blending of Processed Pitches for the Production of Roofing Asphalts (1987)

Abstract Asphalt is a natural constituent of crude oils and is presently produced from the distillation residues of refining feedstocks. The asphalt market is saturated at this time and it appears that in the near future refineries will upgrade bitumens/heavy oils and vacuum residues via technologies such as hydrocracking, H-Oil and LC-Fining to produce more transportation fuels. Therefore, there will be economic pressure for the utilization of the resulting processed residues as road and roofing asphalts rather than low grade fuels. In this work the use of processed residues for the production of roofing asphalts has been investigated. Results show that 28-30 wr% of processed residue can be blended with 150—200 penetration asphalt cement to produce Type I roofing asphalt. The physical properties of the roofing asphalts were examined in terms of the composition (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) as well as average molecular weight of the maltenes and asphaltenes determined by gel permeation chromatography. The results are compared with two roofing asphalts obtained from petroleum refineries.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Provides Multiyear Improvements in Autonomic Function and Cardiac Electrical Stability in the ANTHEM-HF Study (2020)

BackgroundPatients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HFrEF) experience long-term deterioration of autonomic function and cardiac electrical stability linked to increased mortality risk. The Autonomic Neural Regulation Therapy to Enhance Myocardial Function in Heart Failure (ANTHEM-HF) trial reported improved heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) and reduced T-wave alternans (TWA) after 12 months of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). We investigated whether the benefits of chronic VNS persist in the long term.Methods and ResultsEffects of chronic VNS on heart rate, HRV, HRT, TWA, R-wave and T-wave heterogeneity (RWH, TWH), and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) incidence were evaluated in all ANTHEM-HF patients with ambulatory ECG data at 24 and 36 months (n = 25). Autonomic markers improved significantly at 24 and 36 months compared to baseline [heart rate, square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), HF-HRV, HRT slope, P < 0.05]. Peak TWA levels remained reduced at 24 and 36 months (P < 0.0001). Reductions in RWH and TWH at 6 and 12 months persisted at 24 and 36 months (P < 0.01). NSVT decreased at 12, 24, and 36 months (P < 0.025). No sudden cardiac deaths, ventricular fibrillation, or sustained ventricular tachycardia occurred.ConclusionIn symptomatic patients with HFrEF, chronic VNS appears to confer wide-ranging, persistent improvements in autonomic tone (HRV), baroreceptor sensitivity (HRT), and cardiac electrical stability (TWA, RWH, TWH).
Stabilized Vanadium Catalyst for Olefin Polymerization by Site Isolation in a Metal–Organic Framework (2018)

Abstract Vanadium catalysts offer unique selectivity in olefin polymerization, yet are underutilized industrially owing to their poor stability and productivity. Reported here is the immobilization of vanadium by cation exchange in MFU‐4 l , thus providing a metal–organic framework (MOF) with vanadium in a molecule‐like coordination environment. This material forms a single‐site heterogeneous catalyst with methylaluminoxane and provides polyethylene with low polydispersity (PDI≈3) and the highest activity (up to 148 000 h −1 ) reported for a MOF‐based polymerization catalyst. Furthermore, polyethylene is obtained as a free‐flowing powder as desired industrially. Finally, the catalyst shows good structural integrity and retains polymerization activity for over 24 hours, both promising attributes for the commercialization of vanadium‐based polyolefins.
Ultra-Long Barium Titanate Nanowire Arrays for Low Frequency Energy Harvesting Applications (2014)

Piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) have recently attracted immense interest due to their excellent electro-mechanical coupling behavior that can efficiently enable conversion of low-intensity mechanical vibrations for powering or augmenting batteries of biomedical devices and portable consumer electronics. Specifically, nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) composed of piezoelectric NWs offer an exciting potential for energy harvesting applications due to their enhanced flexibility, light weight, and compact size. Compared to the bulk form, high aspect ratio NWs can exhibit higher deformation to produce an enhanced piezoelectric response at a lower stress level. NEMS made of conventional semiconducting vertically aligned, ZnO NW arrays have been investigated thoroughly for energy harvesting; however, ZnO has a lower piezoelectric coupling coefficient as compared to many ferroelectric ceramics which limits its piezoelectric performance. Amidst lead-free ferroelectric materials, environmentally-friendly barium titanate (BaTiO3) possesses one of the highest piezoelectric strain coefficients and thus can enable greater energy transfer when used in vibrational energy harvesters. In this paper, a novel NEMS energy harvester is fabricated using ultra-long (∼40 μm long), vertically aligned BaTiO3 NW arrays which has a low resonant frequency (below 200 Hz) and its AC power harvesting capacity from low amplitude base vibrations (0.25 g) is demonstrated. The design and fabrication of low resonant frequency vibrational energy harvesters has been challenging in the field of MEMS/NEMS since the high stiffness of the structures results in resonant frequency often greater than 1 kHz. However, ambient mechanical vibrations usually exist in the 1 Hz to 1 kHz range and thus highly complaint ultra-long, NW arrays are beneficial to enable efficient energy conversion. Through the use of this newly developed synthesis process for the growth of highly compliant, ultra-long BaTiO3 NW arrays, it is shown that piezoelectric NWs based NEMS energy harvesters capable of harnessing this low frequency ambient vibrational energy can be conceived.
<title>Design and coupled-effect simulations of CMOS micro gas sensors built on SOI thin membranes</title> (2001)

This paper describes coupled-effect simulations of smart micro gas-sensors based on standard BiCMOS technology. The smart sensor features very low power consumption, high sensitivity and potential low fabrication cost achieved through full CMOS integration. For the first time the micro heaters are made of active CMOS elements (i.e. MOSFET transistors) and embedded in a thin SOI membrane consisting of Si and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> thin layers. Micro gas-sensors such as chemoresistive, microcalorimeteric and Pd/polymer gate FET sensors can be made using this technology. Full numerical analyses including 3D electro- thermo-mechanical simulations, in particular stress and deflection studies on the SOI membranes are presented. The transducer circuit design and the post-CMOS fabrication process, which includes single sided back-etching, are also reported.