gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucose kinetics differ between women and men, during and after exercise (2006)

As exercise can improve the regulation of glucose and carbohydrate metabolism, it is important to establish biological factors, such as sex, that may influence these outcomes. Glucose kinetics, therefore, were compared between women and men at rest, during exercise, and postexercise. It was hypothesized that glucose flux would be significantly lower in women than men during both the exercise and postexercise periods. Subjects included normal weight, healthy, eumenorrehic women and men, matched for habitual activity level and maximal oxygen uptake per kilogram lean body mass. Testing occurred following 3 days of diet control, with no exercise the day before. Subjects were tested in the overnight-fasted condition with women studied in the midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Resting (120 min), exercise (85% lactate threshold, 90 min), and postexercise (180 min) measurements of glucose flux and substrate metabolism were made. During exercise, women had a significantly lower rate of glucose appearance (Ra) (P<0.001) and disappearance (Rd) (P<0.002) compared with men. Maximal values were achieved at 90 min of exercise for both glucose Ra (mean+/-SE: 22.8+/-1.12 micromol.kg body wt-1.min-1 women and 33.6+/-1.79 micromol.kg body wt-1.min-1 men) and glucose Rd (23.2+/-1.26 and 34.1+/-1.71 micromol.kg body wt-1.min-1, respectively). Exercise epinephrine concentration was significantly lower in women compared with men (P<0.02), as was the increment in glucagon from rest to exercise (P<0.04). During the postexercise period, glucose Ra and Rd were also significantly lower in women vs. men (P<0.001), with differences diminishing over time. In conclusion, circulating blood glucose flux was significantly lower during 90 min of moderate exercise, and immediately postexercise, in women compared with men. Sex differences in the glucagon increase to exercise, and/or the epinephrine levels during exercise, may play a role in determining these sex differences in exercise glucose turnover.
Adaptive autocentering control for an active magnetic bearing supporting a rotor with unknown mass imbalance (1996)

This paper presents a new approach, called adaptive autocentering, that compensates for transmitted force due to imbalance in an active magnetic bearing system. Under the proposed control law, a rigid rotor achieves rotation about the mass center and principal axis of inertia. The basic principle of this approach is to perform on-line identification of the physical characteristics of rotor imbalance and to use the identification results to tune a stabilizing controller. This approach differs from the usual strategy of adaptive feedforward compensation, which models the effect of imbalance as an external disturbance or measurement noise, and then cancels this effect by generating a synchronous reference signal. Unlike adaptive feedforward compensation, adaptive autocentering control is frequency independent and works under varying rotor speed. Performance of the control algorithm is demonstrated in simulation examples for the case of rigid rotors with static or dynamic imbalance.
<i>P</i><sup>3</sup><i>L</i>: A structured high‐level parallel language, and its structured support (1995)

Abstract The paper presents a parallel programming methodology that ensures easy programming, efficiency and portability of programs to different machines belonging to the class of the general‐purpose, distributed‐memory, MIMD architectures. The methodology is based on the definition of a new, high‐level, explicitly parallel language, called P 3 L, and of a set of static tools that automatically adapt the program features for each target architecture. P 3 L does not require programmers to specify process activations, the actual parallelism degree, scheduling, or interprocess communications, i.e. all those features that need to be adjusted to harness each specific target machine. Parallelism is, on the other hand, expressed in a structured and qualitative way, by hierarchical composition of a restricted set of language constructs, corresponding to those forms of parallelism that are frequently encountered in parallel applications, and that can be efficiently implemented. The efficient portability of P 3 L applications is guaranteed by the compiler along with the novel structure of the support. The compiler automatically adapts the program features for each specific architecture, using the costs (in terms of performance) of the low‐level mechanisms exported by the architecture itself. In our methodology, these costs, along with other features of the architecture, are viewed through an abstract machine, whose interface is used by the compiler to produce the final object code.
Cost‐effective, high‐density vibroseis acquisition (2005)

For a wide range of reasons, such as illumination, surface multiple and surface noise reduction, increases in source and receiver density are required in land seismic operations. This increase must be combined with a reduction in the array size. From an operational point of view, an increase in receiver density requires extra investment and extra labor, and may not affect productivity. An increase in source density will affect productivity. From a technical point of view, a significant increase in source density is necessary to balance the associated reduction in array size. The slip sweep technique is an attractive way of optimizing productivity to a level, which can keep the cost of increasing source density within reasonable limits. Refinements in harmonic noise reduction make it possible to take full advantage of its possibilities.
Opposing effects of arsenic trioxide on hepatocellular carcinomas in mice (2006)

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a potent antitumor agent used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and, more recently, solid tumors. However, the dose of As2O3 required to suppress human xenographs in mice is markedly higher than that used to treat APL in humans. Paradoxically, low doses of As2O3 stimulate angiogenesis, which might be expected to promote tumor growth. Clearly, appropriate dosages of As2O3 are required to treat human patients to avoid toxicity and undesirable side effects. In the present study, we investigated As2O3 with respect to its toxicity and effects on tumor growth, angiogenesis and cell apoptosis using H22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in a mouse model of HCC. As2O3 inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis, and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis at doses greater than 1 mg/kg, but mice lost weight and failed to thrive at doses of 4 mg/kg and greater. In contrast, low doses (<1 mg/kg) of As2O3 promoted tumor growth, upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor angiogenesis, and had no effect on tumor cell apoptosis. In vitro studies demonstrated that As2O3 inhibited the proliferation of H22 tumor cells and bovine aortic endothelial cells, and induced their apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, suggesting that the mechanism of As2O3-mediated inhibition of tumor growth is due to direct effects of the drug on both tumor cells and endothelia. In summary, different doses of As2O3 have opposing effects on tumor growth and angiogenesis. The results demonstrate that As2O3 has a narrow window of therapeutic opportunity with respect to dosage, and that low doses of the drug as used in metronomic therapy should be used with extreme caution.
Equilibrium point control of a robot manipulator using biologically-inspired redundant actuation system (2013)

Unlike their robotic counterparts, humans excel at various contact tasks even in unknown environments by utilizing their ability to adaptively modulate the arm impedance. As one of many theories in human motor control, the equilibrium point control hypothesis suggests that multi-joint limb movements can be achieved by shifting the equilibrium positions defined by the central nervous system and utilizing the spring-like property of the peripheral neuromuscular system. To generate human arm-like compliant motion, this study implements the equilibrium point control on a robot manipulator using redundant actuation: two actuators are installed on each joint: one to control the joint position and the other to control the joint stiffness, respectively. With the double-actuator unit, the equilibrium position and stiffness (or impedance) can be independently programmed. Also, it is possible to estimate the contact force based on angle measurement with a user-specified stiffness. These features enable the robot manipulator to execute stable and safe movement in contact tasks. A two-link manipulator equipped with the double-actuator units was developed, and experimental results from teleoperated contact tasks show the potential of the proposed approach.
An equivalence between inductive learning and pseudo-Boolean logic simplification: a rule generation and reduction scheme (1993)

To provide confidence in a rule generation and reduction scheme, it is necessary to show an equivalence between at least two alternative approaches that provide the same reduced rule sets. For this purpose we present two rule reduction schemes in fuzzy knowledge based systems. These two schemes are based on: (1) a pseudo-Boolean analysis, and (2) the ID3 algorithm. Here, we show an equivalence between these two rule reduction schemes. As a consequence of this equivalence, we propose to substitute an online and automated expert system shell that uses the ID3 algorithm in place of the manual pseudo-Boolean simplification method for the purposes of rule reduction in fuzzy knowledge bases. For both approaches, we assign pseudo-Boolean variables to the intervals, identified as semantic intervals, on the base-axis of a membership representation. The pseudo-Boolean simplification of disjunctions of conjunctions formulae (DCF) is efficiently learnable from examples in the sense of Valiant (1984, 1985). Positive and negative examples are provided to illustrate that the equivalence holds for all nonnull nodes in decision trees under the condition of extending all the examples to possible attribute combinations. This approach supports an interactive learning environment for the design of fuzzy expert systems where a rule reduction algorithm constitutes an important component of the design process. Another important component is a rule generation algorithm. Two illustrative experiments are provided to demonstrate the rule generation and reduction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fault detection and repair of DSC arrays through memristor sensing (2015)

Fault tolerant Photovoltaic array used for green energy systems is emerging as an important area of study because of growing emphasis on reliable design. Among various photovoltaic cells Dye Solar Cell (DSC) is a promising low-cost photovoltaic (PV) technology and high energy-conversion efficiency. Recently it has been shown that it has memristive behavior as well. To efficiently support this claim, in this paper we use experimental data to characterize DSC cell and show that it exhibits memristor state behavior and developed a SPICE model. We use memristive DSC cells as sensing devices. This enables us to identify faulty cells in regular DSC. First, we present the model from the experimental data. A search algorithm is defined to identify the faulty components of the DSC array that fulfill the first requirement of a fault tolerant design. The proposed diagnosis method utilizes recently proposed fault detection solution for efficient testing of PV cells in the presence of faults. We divide the array into segments such that any faults is detectable thereby achieving high diagnosis accuracy. The proposed diagnosis method has been validated through SPICE simulation. Spare cells are to repair the faulty array.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the recA gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO (1985)

The recA gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO has been isolated and introduced into Escherichia coli K-12. Resistance to killing by UV irradiation was restored in several RecA-E. coli K-12 hosts by the P. aeruginosa gene, as was resistance to methyl methanesulfonate. Recombination proficiency was also restored, as measured by HfrH-mediated conjugation and by the ability to propagate Fec-phage lambda derivatives. The cloned P. aeruginosa recA gene restored both spontaneous and mitomycin C-stimulated induction of lambda prophage in lysogens of a recA strain of E. coli K-12.
A Software Managed Stack Cache for Real-Time Systems (2016)

In a real-time system, the use of a scratchpad memory can mitigate the difficulties related to analyzing data caches, whose behavior is inherently hard to predict. We propose to use a scratchpad memory for stack allocated data. While statically allocating stack frames for individual functions to scratchpad memory regions aids predictability, it is limited to non-recursive programs and static allocation has to take different calling contexts into account. Using a stack cache that dynamically spills data to and fills data from external memory avoids these problems, while its simple design allows for efficiently deriving worst-case bounds through static analysis.
Impaired Autoregulation in Preterm Infants Identified by Using Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy (2008)

High coherence between mean arterial blood pressure and tissue-oxygenation index indicates impaired cerebral autoregulation in clinically sick preterm infants and is strongly associated with subsequent mortality. Cross-spectral analysis of mean arterial blood pressure and tissue-oxygenation index has the potential to provide continuous bedside assessment of cerebral autoregulation and to guide therapeutic interventions.
A Literature Review on Lean Manufacturing Techniques (2017)

Lean manufacturing is a proper technique to identifying and eliminating waste through continuous improvement. In lean manufacturing do more with less: time (production time, waiting time etc..), inventory, men, and money. At present time, Lean Manufacturing has become a worldwide technique. It is very successful in drawing the attention of companies of all sizes. Many organizations are following Lean technologies and experiencing drastically improvements in quality, production, customer service, and profitability. Process improvement is an iterative method of seeking the elimination or reduction of non-value adding work embedded in a process. Non-value-adding work is described as elements of work that a customer is unwilling to pay for. The Lean manufacturing technique is meant to convert non-value added activity into value added activity. Lean manufacturing has its effect on the manufacturer and the customers alike. A lean organization understands customer value and focuses its key processes to continuously increase it. The ultimate goal is to provide perfect value to the customer through a perfect value creation process that has zero waste.[2] This paper gives the literature survey on various type of industry to apply the lean manufacturing. And introducing about lean .what is lean manufacturing, why it is needed, and method of lean manufacturing that reduces waste. And also to introduces about different lean tools.
Active Emergence from Propofol General Anesthesia Is Induced by Methylphenidate (2012)

Methylphenidate decreases time to emergence after a single dose of propofol, and induces emergence during continuous propofol anesthesia in rats. Further study is warranted to test the hypothesis that methylphenidate induces emergence from propofol general anesthesia in humans.
The role of liquid phase epitaxy during growth of AlGaN by MBE (2011)

Abstract We propose that the growth of III‐Nitride semiconductors by plasma‐assisted MBE under Ga‐rich conditions takes place though the saturation of the liquid Ga covering the surface of the growing film with nitrogen, alloy constituents (aluminum and indium) and impurities. Thus, the proposed growth mode is a liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) rather than physical vapor phase epitaxy. While in traditional LPE growth the driving force is the gradient between the liquid and seed, in the proposed mode of MBE growth of nitrides the driving force is the concentration gradient due to the constant supply of active nitrogen, alloy components and impurities. The proposed LPE growth mechanism explains the relative temperature stability of GaN growth, the efficient doping with silicon and magnesium, and the selective desorption of oxygen and other impurities. Finally, the proposed LPE growth model can also account for the introduction of band structure potential fluctuations in AlGaN alloys, which improves their emission properties and leads to efficient deep UV‐LEDs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
UV dosimeter based on dichloroindophenol and tin(IV) oxide (2009)

A UVB specific dosimeter is described comprising: a redox dye (2,6-dichloroindophenol, DCIP), a semiconductor (tin(IV) oxide, SnO(2)) and a sacrificial electron donor (glycerol) dispersed in a polymer (hydroxy ethyl cellulose, HEC) film. The dosimeter is blue in the absence of UVB light but rapidly loses colour on exposure to UVB light. The spectral characteristics of a typical UVB dosimeter film and the mechanism by which the colour change occurs are detailed. DCIP UVB dosimeter films exhibit a response that is related to the irradiance level and duration of UVB exposure, the level of SnO(2) present and to a lesser extent the level of glycerol present. The response of the dosimeter appears to be independent of dye concentration and film thickness. Furthermore, DCIP UVB dosimeter films respond to solar simulated light, exhibiting a colour loss that can be simply related to the Minimal Erythemal Dose (MED) exposure for skin type II. As a consequence, such indicators have potential for measuring solar radiation exposure and providing an early warning of erythema for most Caucasian skin (i.e. skin type II).
High-throughput sequencing screen reveals novel, transforming RAS mutations in myeloid leukemia patients (2008)

Transforming mutations in NRAS and KRAS are thought to play a causative role in the development of numerous cancers, including myeloid malignancies. Although mutations at amino acids 12, 13, or 61 account for the majority of oncogenic Ras variants, we hypothesized that less frequent mutations at alternate residues may account for disease in some patients with cancer of unexplained genetic etiology. To search for additional, novel RAS mutations, we sequenced all coding exons in NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS in 329 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, 32 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) patients, and 96 healthy individuals. We detected 4 "noncanonical" point mutations in 7 patients: N-Ras(G60E), K-Ras(V14I), K-Ras(T74P), and K-Ras(A146T). All 4 Ras mutants exhibited oncogenic properties in comparison with wild-type Ras in biochemical and functional assays. The presence of transforming RAS mutations outside of positions 12, 13, and 61 reveals that alternate mechanisms of transformation by RAS may be overlooked in screens designed to detect only the most common RAS mutations. Our results suggest that RAS mutations may play a greater role in leukemogenesis than currently believed and indicate that high-throughput screening for mutant RAS alleles in cancer should include analysis of the entire RAS coding region.
(Invited) Phosphor-in-Glass Luminescent Materials for Solid State Laser Lighting (2016)

Laser-based solid state lighting is superior to the LED-based counterpart in terms of much high input power and lumens, which requires phosphors to be more thermally stable and less luminescence saturation under high-density laser irradiations. To minimize thermal quenching and luminescence saturation of phosphors, a revolutionary method is to apply phosphor-in-glass or ceramic phosphors rather than phosphor-in-silicone (polymer binder) in remote-phosphor technologies because bulk luminescent materials have higher thermal conductivity and less degradation than phosphor/silicone mixtures. In this work, we will report the preparation and optical properties of nitride phosphor-in-glass luminescent materials. The nitride phosphor (β-sialon:Eu 2+ ) was co-fired with the glass frit in the system of ZnO-B 2 O 3 -Ba 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 at 630-650 o C. No interfacial reaction occurred during the co-firing. The quantum efficiency and transmittance of the phosphor-in-glass luminescent materials were greatly affected by the phosphor concentration, firing temperature and holding time. Upon the blue laser irradiation, a linear relationship between the luminous flux and the incident laser power was observed when the flux density was below 0.7 W/mm 2 . A serious luminescence saturation was seen when a high flux density was applied. The saturation was perhaps due to the extremely low concentration and relatively longer decay time of Eu 2+ . This phosphor-in-glass luminescent materials could be used for low-power solid state laser lighting.
Development of Peptide and Small‐Molecule HIV‐1 Fusion Inhibitors that Target gp41 (2010)

It has been 25 years since the development of the first efficient HIV-1/AIDS treatment. Scientists now know more about the HIV-1 infection life cycle, and more than 30 antiretroviral drugs have been developed, including HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Fundamental work was begun in the early 1990s and led to the development of a novel class of anti-HIV-1 drugs, culminating in a peptide known as T20, which is currently the only HIV-1 fusion inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, more work needs to be done to perfect the development of peptide and small-molecule HIV fusion inhibitors, particularly those that target gp41. Herein we present a brief overview of the development of this class of anti-HIV-1 drug by focusing on the achievements, challenges, and lessons learned. We cite hallmark studies of the past and comment on future drug development.
Proposed modifications to residual coding part of Frame-based Animated Mesh Compression (2007)

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11, MPEG2007/M14697, Lausanne, Switzerland
Uncovering hidden variation in polyploid wheat (2017)

Comprehensive reverse genetic resources, which have been key to understanding gene function in diploid model organisms, are missing in many polyploid crops. Young polyploid species such as wheat, which was domesticated less than 10,000 y ago, have high levels of sequence identity among subgenomes that mask the effects of recessive alleles. Such redundancy reduces the probability of selection of favorable mutations during natural or human selection, but also allows wheat to tolerate high densities of induced mutations. Here we exploited this property to sequence and catalog more than 10 million mutations in the protein-coding regions of 2,735 mutant lines of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. We detected, on average, 2,705 and 5,351 mutations per tetraploid and hexaploid line, respectively, which resulted in 35-40 mutations per kb in each population. With these mutation densities, we identified an average of 23-24 missense and truncation alleles per gene, with at least one truncation or deleterious missense mutation in more than 90% of the captured wheat genes per population. This public collection of mutant seed stocks and sequence data enables rapid identification of mutations in the different copies of the wheat genes, which can be combined to uncover previously hidden variation. Polyploidy is a central phenomenon in plant evolution, and many crop species have undergone recent genome duplication events. Therefore, the general strategy and methods developed herein can benefit other polyploid crops.