gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impaction Bone-Grafting before Insertion of a Femoral Stem with Cement in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty. A Minimum Two-Year Follow-up Study* (1997)

Impaction bone-grafting was performed before insertion of a collarless, polished, tapered femoral stem with cement in thirty-four revision total hip arthroplasties (thirty-four patients) that were done because of aseptic loosening. The average duration of follow-up was thirty months (range, twenty-four to forty-two months). The operation was the initial revision in twenty-eight patients (82 per cent). Twenty-two patients (65 per cent) also had revision of the acetabular component. Complications included four intraoperative and two postoperative fractures of the femur as well as one dislocation (at one month). Two patients (6 per cent) needed a repeat revision of the femoral stem because of aseptic loosening at twenty-six and thirty-six months postoperatively. Both of these patients had an associated fracture of the femur (one was intraoperative, and the other was postoperative). Subsidence was common (thirteen patients; 38 per cent) and averaged 10.1 millimeters (range, four to thirty-one millimeters). Although the study group was relatively small, with the numbers available subsidence was not found to be associated with the preoperative or postoperative hip score, segmental or cavitary femoral defects, femoral ectasia, intraoperative fracture of the femur, strut-grafting, trochanteric osteotomy, or varus position of the femoral component. Incorporation of the allograft into the trabecular bone and secondary remodeling were noted radiographically in thirty-two (94 per cent) and fourteen (41 per cent) of the patients, respectively, often within one year. Although the duration of follow-up was relatively short, no localized resorption of the allograft occurred and cortical repair was noted in one patient at three years. At the most recent follow-up evaluation, the Harris hip scores had improved from a preoperative average of 51 points (range, 32 to 90 points) to an average of 87 points (range, 65 to 100 points) and twenty-eight patients (82 per cent) had no or only slight pain. Despite the satisfactory early clinical results, we remain concerned about the high rate of fracture of the femur and the rate and extent of subsidence of the femoral component. On the basis of the worrisome findings after this two-year period, we recommend that impaction bone-grafting be used only when proximal femoral osteopenia is so severe that stability cannot be obtained with insertion of a long-stemmed femoral component without cement. In that setting, impaction bone-grafting may be considered instead of implantation of a massive proximal femoral allograft in combination with insertion of a femoral component with cement.
Human-in-the-Loop Imitation Learning using Remote Teleoperation (2020)

Imitation Learning is a promising paradigm for learning complex robot manipulation skills by reproducing behavior from human demonstrations. However, manipulation tasks often contain bottleneck regions that require a sequence of precise actions to make meaningful progress, such as a robot inserting a pod into a coffee machine to make coffee. Trained policies can fail in these regions because small deviations in actions can lead the policy into states not covered by the demonstrations. Intervention-based policy learning is an alternative that can address this issue -- it allows human operators to monitor trained policies and take over control when they encounter failures. In this paper, we build a data collection system tailored to 6-DoF manipulation settings, that enables remote human operators to monitor and intervene on trained policies. We develop a simple and effective algorithm to train the policy iteratively on new data collected by the system that encourages the policy to learn how to traverse bottlenecks through the interventions. We demonstrate that agents trained on data collected by our intervention-based system and algorithm outperform agents trained on an equivalent number of samples collected by non-interventional demonstrators, and further show that our method outperforms multiple state-of-the-art baselines for learning from the human interventions on a challenging robot threading task and a coffee making task. Additional results and videos at https://sites.google.com/stanford.edu/iwr .
Singing Voice Synthesis Using Deep Autoregressive Neural Networks for Acoustic Modeling (2019)

This paper presents a method of using autoregressive neural networks for the acoustic modeling of singing voice synthesis (SVS). Singing voice differs from speech and it contains more local dynamic movements of acoustic features, e.g., vibratos. Therefore, our method adopts deep autoregressive (DAR) models to predict the F0 and spectral features of singing voice in order to better describe the dependencies among the acoustic features of consecutive frames. For F0 modeling, discretized F0 values are used and the influences of the history length in DAR are analyzed by experiments. An F0 post-processing strategy is also designed to alleviate the inconsistency between the predicted F0 contours and the F0 values determined by music notes. Furthermore, we extend the DAR model to deal with continuous spectral features, and a prenet module with self-attention layers is introduced to process historical frames. Experiments on a Chinese singing voice corpus demonstrate that our method using DARs can produce F0 contours with vibratos effectively, and can achieve better objective and subjective performance than the conventional method using recurrent neural networks (RNNs).
System identification for adaptive and reconfigurable control (1995)

In this work, an efficient static system identification method is developed that incorporates prior information. The prior information from flight mechanics enhances the performance of the identification algorithm, yielding more accurate parameter estimates. The proposed static system identification approach is superior to dynamic system identification for on-line identification of rapidly varying plant parameters, making it suitable for adaptive and reconfigurable control. The effectiveness of the static system identification scheme is illustrated in an example problem. A derivative F-16 aircraft control surface (elevator) failure is simulated and the abruptly changing pitch channel control system's stability and control derivatives are successfully identified on-line in the presence of unmodeled dynamics, process noise (clear air turbulence), and realistic measurement noise.
Isolation and Analysis of the Expression of Two Genes for the 81-Kilodalton Heat-Shock Proteins from <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1992)

We have cloned and characterized two members of the family of genes for the 81-kilodalton heat-shock proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, HSP81-1 and HSP81-2. Comparison of the entire genomic sequence of the HSP81-1 gene with the corresponding full-length cDNA previously reported as AtHS83 (TW Conner, PR LaFayette, RT Nagao, JL Key [1990] Plant Physiol 94: 1689-1695) reveals the presence of three introns of 315, 83, and 88 base pairs. By contrast, analysis of the HSP81-2 genomic and partial cDNA sequences suggests that the HSP81-2 gene is interrupted by only two introns of 304 and 106 base pairs. The 5'-initiation sites of the two corresponding mRNAs were mapped from results of experiments with S1 nuclease. The deduced amino acid sequences of the proteins encoded by these two genes show 88% identity, and they also show striking similarities to the hsp90 family of proteins in yeast and animal cells. From the results of northern blot analysis of transcripts, it appears that the expression of the HSP81-1 gene occurs at only very low levels in the absence of heat shock and is strongly induced by heat (35 degrees C). The HSP81-2 gene is constitutively expressed at much higher levels, and its expression is moderately enhanced by elevated temperatures. Severe heat shock appears to block the splicing of the pre-mRNA transcribed from HSP81-1. We also examined the effects of arsenite and cadmium on the expression of the HSP81 genes, as well as on other groups of hsp genes in Arabidopsis. Treatment with cadmium was marginally effective in inducing hsp genes, whereas arsenite stress strongly stimulated the accumulation of each mRNA in a coordinated fashion.
Three-dimensional resolution enhancement in fluorescence microscopy by harmonic excitation (2001)

A method for increasing lateral as well as axial resolution in fluorescence microscopy is presented. A passband with a high cutoff frequency throughout reciprocal space can be achieved by illumination of the object with spatially harmonic excitation patterns generated by the interference of two collimated laser beams. Theoretical calculations show an almost isotropic point-spread function with a FWHM near 100 nm.
Interregional I-O Table of Hokkaido Prefecture (1992)

北海道は地域産業連関分析のフロント・ランナーとしてことに知られている。今回は北海道内をさらに分割し，「域内地域間産業連関表」というユニークな表の作成と分析結果について紹介しよう。原表は61部門で，道中，道南，道北，道東の4地域に分割されている。この作成にあたっては昭和60年の北海道表(406部門)が有効な基盤を提供した。分析は多岐にわたっているが，とくに注目されるのは投資効果の地域間比較である。例えば建設投資1,000億円の所得発生効果は道央は道南よりすぐれているが，道内経済全体としては，道南の所得増加の方が道央よりも大きいなど，地域間I-O分析は投資主体にとって興味ある事実を豊かに提供してくれるのである。以下，その詳細を眺めてみよう。
Three-dimensional metal gate-high-/spl kappa/-GOI CMOSFETs on 1-poly-6-metal 0.18-/spl mu/m Si devices (2005)

We demonstrate three-dimensional (3-D) self-aligned [IrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -IrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Hf]-LaAlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -Ge-on-Insulator (GOI) CMOS FETs above 0.18-μm Si CMOS FETs for the first time. At an equivalent oxide thickness of 1.4 nm, the 3-D IrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -LaAlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -GOI p-MOSFETs and IrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Hf-LaAlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -GOI nMOSFETs show high hole and electron mobilities of 234 and 357 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs respectively, without depredating the underneath 0.18-μm Si devices. The hole mobility is 2.5 times higher than the universal mobility, at 1 MV/cm effective electric field. These promising results are due to the low-temperature GOI device process, which is well-matched to the low thermal budget requirements of 3-D integration. The high-performance GOI devices and simple 3-D integration process, compatible to current very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology, should be useful for future VLSI.
Antioxidative Maillard Reaction Products from Reducing Sugars and Free Amino Acids in Cooked Ground Pork Patties (1995)

ABSTRACT Fifteen preformed Maillard reaction products (MRP) were prepared by refluxing 0.2M of three individual reducing sugars (glucose, xylose, and dihydroxyacetone) with 0.2M of five free amino acids (arginine, histidine, leucine, lysine, and tryptophan). MRP were added (3% v/w basis) to fresh ground pork patties prior to cooking and cooked to internal temperature 68°C and stored ai 4°C for 10 days. Samples were analyzed for TBA value on dav 0. 5. and 10. MRP were effective inhibitors of lipid oxidation in groind‘pdrk patties. The most effective were xyloselysine, xylose‐tryptophan, dihydroxyacetone‐histidine, and dihydroxy‐acetone‐tryptophan when compared to controls. A significant interaction (P < 0.001) existed between reducing sugars and amino acids.
Molecular Stacking Induced by Intermolecular C–H···N Hydrogen Bonds Leading to High Carrier Mobility in Vacuum‐Deposited Organic Films (2011)

Abstract Simple bottom‐up fabrication processes for molecular self‐assembly have been developed for the construction of higher‐order structures using organic materials, and have contributed to maximization of the potential of organic materials in chemical and bioengineering. However, their application to organic thin‐film devices such as organic light‐emitting diodes have not been widely considered because simple fabrication of a solid film containing an internal self‐assembly structure has been regarded as difficult. Here it is shown that the intermolecular C–H···N hydrogen bonds can be simply formed even in vacuum‐deposited organic films having flat interfaces. By designing the molecules containing pyridine rings properly for the intermolecular interaction, one can control the molecular stacking induced by the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. It is also demonstrated that the molecular stacking contributes to the high carrier mobility of the film. These findings provide new guidelines to improve the performance of organic optoelectronic devices and open up the possibilities for further development of organic devices with higher‐order structures.
Targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), AEZS-108 (AN-152), inhibits the growth of DU-145 human castration-resistant prostate cancer<i>in vivo</i>and<i>in vitro</i>through elevating p21 and ROS levels (2014)

Management of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is challenging due to lack of efficacious therapy. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs appear to act directly on cells based on the LHRH receptors on human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. We explored anticancer activity of a cytotoxic analog of LHRH, AEZS-108 consisting of LHRH agonist linked to doxorubicin. Nude mice bearing DU-145 tumors were used to compare antitumor effects of AEZS-108 with its individual constituents or their unconjugated combination. The tumor growth inhibition of conjugate was greatest among treatment groups (90.5% inhibition vs. 41% by [D-Lys(6)]LHRH+DOX). The presence of LHRH receptors on DU-145 cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. In vitro, AEZS-108 significantly inhibited cell proliferation (61.2% inhibition) and elevated apoptosis rates (by 46%). By the detection of the inherent doxorubicin fluorescence, unconjugated doxorubicin was seen in the nucleus; the conjugate was perinuclear and at cell membrane. Autophagy, visualized by GFP-tagged p62 reporter, was increased by AEZS-108 (7.9-fold vs. 5.3-fold by DOX+[D-Lys(6)]LHRH. AEZS-108 more effectively increased reactive oxygen species (ROS, 2-fold vs. 1.4-fold by DOX+[D-Lys(6)]LHRH) and levels of the apoptotic regulator p21 in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrate robust inhibitory effects of the targeted cytotoxic LHRH analog AEZS-108 on LHRHR positive castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.
A new filter bank theory for time-frequency representation (1987)

This paper presents a new formalism for the description of analysis/synthesis systems based on filter banks. Although this work was done in the context of speech coding systems, the results apply to a far broader class of problems. This new formalism has three specific advantages. First, it allows for the description of many different techniques and approaches with one unifying theory. Second, it enables the decoupling of the effects of the various distorting elements in the system design process, allowing each to be addressed separately. Finally, it allows for the relatively simple invention of entirely new techniques in such a way that the relationship of the new approaches to previously developed techniques is always clear.
Universal PLL Strategy for Sensorless Speed and Position Estimation of PMSM (2008)

The implementation of the phase locked loop (PLL) structured observer in high frequency signal injection schemes requires tuning of the PI controller to lock on the rotor position. The PI controller is tuned depending on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) which is related to the amount of saliency/anisotropy presented in the machine, the amplitude and phase of the incoming modulated carrier signal. Thus, in case any of the mentioned factors changes then the PI has to be retuned again, otherwise it will loose track. In this paper a new PLL structure is suggested to avoid any disturbance that affects the demodulation and detection process. The new PLL scheme is totally independent of any machine parameters except the saliency/anisotropy, which is essential to obtain the rotor speed and position information.
Infectivity of Porcine Circovirus 1 and Circovirus 2 in Primary Porcine Hepatocyte and Kidney Cell Cultures (2006)

Infectivity of porcine circovirus (PCV) 1 and PCV2 was examined in primary porcine hepatocyte culture by comparing that of PCV in primary kidney cell culture. The virus titer of PCV2-infected hepatocyte cultures was higher than that of the PCV1-infected hepatocyte cultures and the PCV-infected kidney cell cultures. The number of virus-positive cells was most abundant in PCV2-infected hepatocyte cultures as determined by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization. The results of our data suggest that PCV2 preferably infects cultured hepatocytes as observed in the liver of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.
Intravesical chemotherapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (2015)

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by a tendency for recurrence and capacity for progression. Intravesical instillation therapy has been employed in various clinical settings, which are summarized within this review. Several chemotherapeutic agents have shown clinical efficacy in reducing recurrence rates in the post-transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) setting, including mitomycin C (MMC), doxorubicin, and epirubicin. Mounting evidence also supports the use of intravesical MMC following nephroureterectomy to reduce later urothelial bladder recurrence. In the adjuvant setting, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is an established first-line agent in the management of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and high-grade non muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC). Among high and intermediate-risk patients (based on tumor grade, size, and focality) improvements in disease-free intervals have been seen with adjunctive administration of MMC prior to scheduled BCG dosing. Following failure of first-line intravesical therapy, gemcitabine and valrubicin have demonstrated modest activity, though valrubicin remains the only agent currently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of BCG-refractory CIS. Techniques to optimize intravesical chemotherapy delivery have also been explored including pharmacokinetic methods such as urinary alkalization and voluntary dehydration. Chemohyperthermia and electromotive instillation have been associated with improved freedom from recurrence intervals but may be associated with increased urinary toxicity. Improvements in therapeutic selection may be heralded by novel opportunities for genomic profiling and refinements in clinical risk stratification.
Development of a chemoresistant orthotopic human nonsmall cell lung carcinoma model in nude mice (2004)

The A549 orthotopic xenograft model could be used to evaluate investigational chemotherapeutic agents to identify drugs rapidly that are more active than the drugs currently in use in hospitals.
VegaBench: A Benchmark Tool for Grid System Software (2006)

This paper presents VegaBench, a benchmark tool, and its methodology of evaluation for service oriented grid system software. The aim of the VegaBench is to bring forth a set of benchmarks for both end users and the system software developers to measure grid system software. In order to do this in an organized and flexible way, we provide some interaction-intensive test cases as well as a framework which can manage the execution of test cases and support customizing test cases by users. Additionally, we present the quality-of-service (QoS) based metrics. This paper also describes some experiments on different grid system software with VegaBench. The result comparison and analysis are also provided which demonstrate the effectiveness of VegaBench
Role of interleukin-12 in the induction of mucosal inflammation and abrogation of regulatory T cell function in chronic experimental colitis (2001)

IL-12 promotes Th1 cell differentiation and cell-mediated immunity. In the present study, the potential role of IL-12 was analyzed in an experimental colitis model in scid mice reconstituted with syngeneic CD45RBhighCD4+ T cells. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR studies demonstrated that IL-12 p40 mRNA in inflamed colon is induced shortly after T cell transfer and maintained at a stable level after week 4, at the time when wasting disease starts. Administration of anti-IL-12 on days 0,14, and 28 (early treatment) or on days 28, 42, and 56 (delayed treatment) after T cell transfer, effectively prevented or, respectively cured wasting disease and colitis in scid recipients. Anti-IL-12 treatment abrogated mucosal inflammation with significantly diminished leukocyte infiltration (CD4 cells, macrophages) and CD54 expression, and down-regulated proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2. Of note, although splenic CD4+ T cells are unable to induce disease as a result of the presence of regulatory CD45RBlow cells, splenic CD4+ T cells, preactivated by IL-12 and anti-CD3 in vitro, were highly pathogenic in inducing severe mucosal inflammation, suggesting that IL-12 and anti-CD3 abrogated regulatory T cell function. These findings indicate that IL-12 is important for the induction of experimental colitis through effects on proinflammatory cytokine production and on regulatory T cell function.
Opioid Peptides and Central Control of Blood Pressure (1984)

The role of endogenous opioids in central modulation of baroreceptor reflex function has been assessed in rabbits and in man using stable enkephalin analogues and synthetic opiates with a range of mu, delta and kappa opiate receptor agonist specificity. In addition the effects of naloxone, a mu opiate receptor antagonist, have been studied. In rabbits descarboxy-leu-enkephalin (RX783016) given by intracisternal injection reduced baroreflex sensitivity as assessed by heart rate responses to phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside and controlled haemorrhage. These effects were prevented by intravenous naloxone. Naloxone alone increased the slope of the heart period: mean arterial pressure relationship and thus increased baroreflex sensitivity. In conscious man essentially similar results were found following intravenous dosing with a stable met-enkephalin analogue (DAMME, FK33824) or naloxone with decreases and increases respectively in the sensitivity of baroreflex responses to sodium nitroprusside. In rabbits and man arterial baroreceptor reflexes mediating heart rate responses can be pharmacologically modified by exogenous opiates and may be under some tonic endogenous opiate peptide influences.
Complexity in mood disorder diagnosis: fMRI connectivity networks predicted medication‐class of response in complex patients (2018)

This classification algorithm performed well for the know-diagnosis but also predicted medication-class of response in difficult-to-diagnose patients. Further research can enhance this approach and extend these findings to be more clinically accessible.