gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Murine antibody response to oral infection with live aroA recombinant Salmonella dublin vaccine strains expressing filamentous hemagglutinin antigen from Bordetella pertussis (1990)

Two plasmids which express either nearly intact or truncated filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) from Bordetella pertussis and which are marked with a tetracycline resistance (Tcr) gene were transformed into Salmonella dublin SL1438, an aroA deletion mutant intended for use as an attenuated oral vaccine against salmonellosis. These S. dublin recombinants, when fed to mice, induced serum immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and sometimes IgA antibody responses to FHA and S. dublin. In addition, IgA antibodies against FHA were found in gut wash fluids. S. dublin carrying pDB2300, a multicopy plasmid encoding truncated FHA protein, induced a better antibody response than did S. dublin carrying pDB2000, a low-copy-number plasmid encoding full-sized FHA. Administration of tetracycline to mice enhanced the stability of recombinant plasmids, and tetracycline-treated mice developed higher anti-FHA titers. Although neither strain examined is suitable for use in a human oral vaccine, these data demonstrated that an immune response against B. pertussis FHA could be induced by oral administration of live attenuated recombinant strains of S. dublin and suggested that development of a live oral attenuated vaccine against pertussis may be possible.
Immunological Visibility: Posttranscriptional Regulation of Human NKG2D Ligands by the EGF Receptor Pathway (2014)

Human cytolytic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells can limit tumor growth and are being increasingly harnessed for tumor immunotherapy. One way cytolytic lymphocytes recognize tumor cells is by engagement of their activating receptor, NKG2D, by stress antigens of the MICA/B and ULBP families. This study shows that surface up-regulation of NKG2D ligands by human epithelial cells in response to ultraviolet irradiation, osmotic shock, oxidative stress, and growth factor provision is attributable to activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR activation causes intracellular relocalization of AUF1 proteins that ordinarily destabilize NKG2D ligand mRNAs by targeting an AU-rich element conserved within the 3' ends of most human, but not murine, NKG2D ligand genes. Consistent with these findings, NKG2D ligand expression by primary human carcinomas positively correlated with EGFR expression, which is commonly hyperactivated in such tumors, and was reduced by clinical EGFR inhibitors. Therefore, stress-induced activation of EGFR not only regulates cell growth but also concomitantly regulates the cells' immunological visibility. Thus, therapeutics designed to limit cancer cell growth should also be considered in terms of their impact on immunosurveillance.
Advanced Formulation Approaches for Ocular Drug Delivery: State-Of-The-Art and Recent Patents (2019)

The eye presents extensive perspectives and challenges for drug delivery, mainly because of the extraordinary capacity, intrinsic to this path, for drugs to permeate into the main circulatory system and also for the restrictions of the ocular barriers. Depending on the target segment of the eye, anterior or posterior, the specifications are different. The ocular route experienced in the last decades a lot of progresses related with the development of new drugs, improved formulations, specific-designed delivery and even new routes to administer a drug. Concomitantly, new categories of materials were developed and adapted to encapsulate drugs. With such advances, a multiplicity of parameters became possible to be optimized as the increase in bioavailability and decreased toxic effects of medicines. Also, the formulations were capable to easily adhere to specific tissues, increase the duration of the therapeutic effect and even target the delivery of the treatment. The ascending of new delivery systems for ocular targeting is a current focus, mainly because of the capacity to extend the normal time during which the drug exerts its therapeutic effect and, so, supplying the patients with a product which gives them fewer side effects, fewer number of applications and even more effective outcomes to their pathologies, surpassing the traditionally-used eye drops. Depending on the systems, some are capable of increasing the duration of the drug action as gels, emulsions, prodrugs, liposomes, and ocular inserts with hydrophilic properties, improving the absorption by the cornea. In parallel, other devices use as a strategy the capacity to sustain the release of the carried drugs by means of erodible and non-erodible matrices. This review discusses the different types of advanced formulations used for ocular delivery of therapeutics presenting the most recent patents according to the clinical applications.
Migración internacional en el estado de Guanajuato: historia y radiografía general de inicios del siglo XXI (2020)

Guanajuato, junto con Michoacán, Jalisco y Zacatecas son los estados que mayores índices de migración internacional presentan en el país, en su gran mayoría a Estados Unidos. Esto es reflejo de una tradición muy acendrada que inicia a principios del siglo XX, y aun hoy en día lideran en la cantidad de migrantes y remesas. No es una obviedad decir, del significativo impacto de la migración para la entidad guanajuatense, que se ve reflejado en las comunidades y regiones a través del gasto e inversión, y el retorno, las tradiciones, la cultura de la migración. El objetivo de este trabajo es tan solo presentar los índices y estadísticas globales de la migración internacional (intensidad migratoria, remesas e inversión migrante) en el estado a inicios del siglo XXI. Esto como insumo estadístico para fines académicos, de política pública, y sobre todo para no versados en el tema migratorio que busquen una breve y fácil lectura.
Wnt5a–Ror–Dishevelled signaling constitutes a core developmental pathway that controls tissue morphogenesis (2012)

Wnts make up a large family of extracellular signaling molecules that play crucial roles in development and disease. A subset of noncanonical Wnts signal independently of the transcription factor β-catenin by a mechanism that regulates key morphogenetic movements during embryogenesis. The best characterized noncanonical Wnt, Wnt5a, has been suggested to signal via a variety of different receptors, including the Ror family of receptor tyrosine kinases, the Ryk receptor tyrosine kinase, and the Frizzled seven-transmembrane receptors. Whether one or several of these receptors mediates the effects of Wnt5a in vivo is not known. Through loss-of-function experiments in mice, we provide conclusive evidence that Ror receptors mediate Wnt5a-dependent processes in vivo and identify Dishevelled phosphorylation as a physiological target of Wnt5a-Ror signaling. The absence of Ror signaling leads to defects that mirror phenotypes observed in Wnt5a null mutant mice, including decreased branching of sympathetic neuron axons and major defects in aspects of embryonic development that are dependent upon morphogenetic movements, such as severe truncation of the caudal axis, the limbs, and facial structures. These findings suggest that Wnt5a-Ror-Dishevelled signaling constitutes a core noncanonical Wnt pathway that is conserved through evolution and is crucial during embryonic development.
Lack of Benefit of Methotrexate in Severe, Steroid-Dependent Asthma (1991)

Our study does not support the use of methotrexate in the treatment of severe asthma.
Terahertz White Cell for Part-Per-Million Gas Spectroscopy (2005)

The purpose of this study was to develop a long path terahertz time-domain spectrometer for use in part-per-million level gas spectroscopy. Limitations to long propagation lengths are considered and first order, TEM00 mode, Gaussian beam theory is employed as a method of determining an optimal configuration for use at terahertz frequencies. Corrections to the first order theory are undertaken by considering the multimode nature of the beam and expanding in terms of Laguerre-Gauss beam modes. Measurements of methyl chloride and water vapor demonstrate the usefulness of the system for part-per-million detection.
Sub-cubic millimeter intraocular pressure monitoring implant to enable genetic studies on pressure-induced neurodegeneration (2010)

There is often a strong correlation between elevated levels of intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma; however, the underlying mechanisms that lead to blindness are not well understood. The key may lie in the study of genetic factors which determine IOP and lead to glaucoma-related blindness. Mice are typically used for genetic research due to their short generation time and accelerated lifespan, manageability, the availability of established and pure lines, and the ability to manipulate the genome. Post genetic manipulation, IOP monitoring at regular intervals is needed and for large scale testing, on the order of thousands of mice, it is crucial to have at least a partially automated data collection scheme. This work presents a fully wireless system on a chip that measures 300 µm in its widest dimension, has a wireless microwave-based data and power link, and is capable of relaying digitized pressure recordings to a nearby base-station.
Novel systemic therapeutic for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2012)

In summary, cetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody shows promising results in both locally advanced and metastatic disease. Anti-angiogenic therapy such as sunitinib is efficacious but hemorrhagic complications are of concern in selected patients. Finally, translational studies demonstrate that epigenetic therapeutics could restore the immunogenicity of Epstein-Barr virus in NPC cells. For anti-EGFR therapy, the promising results in early clinical trials should be validated in Phase III clinical trials. Better selection of patients and safer therapy is necessary in future development of anti-angiogenic therapy for NPC. Early clinical trials on epigenetic therapeutics are in process and results are eagerly awaited.
Hummingbirds go skiing: using wearable computers to support social interaction (2003)

The Hummingbird is a wearable computer that aims to support communication in co-located groups of people, by giving users a continuous awareness of the physical presence (or absence) of others. To examine the effect on group communication, we performed a study where six ski instructors used the Hummingbirds during a five-day trip. The study showed that the Hummingbirds were used more as a support for informal social interaction than for the actual work activities of the test group. In subsequent focus group sessions, we saw a clear difference between instructors who had used the devices and those who had not, in that the first group gave many enthusiastic suggestions for improvements and new usage areas, whereas the second group had great difficulties in seeing any use for the devices at all.
Enhancing humoral immunity via sustained-release implantable microneedle patch vaccination (2019)

Sustained exposure of lymphoid tissues to vaccine antigens promotes humoral immunity, but traditional bolus immunizations lead to rapid antigen clearance. We describe a technology to tailor vaccine kinetics in a needle-free platform translatable to human immunization. Solid pyramidal microneedle (MN) arrays were fabricated with silk fibroin protein tips encapsulating a stabilized HIV envelope trimer immunogen and adjuvant, supported on a dissolving polymer base. Upon brief skin application, vaccine-loaded silk tips are implanted in the epidermis/upper dermis where they release vaccine over a time period determined by the crystallinity of the silk matrix. Following MN immunization in mice, Env trimer was released over 2 wk in the skin, correlating with increased germinal center (GC) B cell responses, a ∼1,300-fold increase in serum IgG titers and a 16-fold increase in bone marrow (BM) plasma cells compared with bolus immunization. Thus, implantable MNs provide a practical means to substantially enhance humoral immunity to subunit vaccines.
Bone Marrow Aspirate Culture Superior to Streptokinase Clot Culture and 8 ml 1:10 Blood-to-Broth Ratio Blood Culture for Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever (1986)

We compared the sensitivities of bone marrow aspirate culture (BMAC), 3 ml 1:4 and 8 ml 1:10 blood-to-broth ratio blood cultures (BC), 8 ml streptokinase clot culture (STKCC) and rectal swab culture (RSC) for isolating Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi A from 61 patients with typhoid or paratyphoid fever in Jakarta, Indonesia. BMAC (92%) was significantly more sensitive than 8 ml BC (62%), 8 ml STKCC (51%), 3 ml BC (44%), RSC (56%) and the 19 ml combination of all three BC methods (71%). The combination of the three BC methods and RSC had an isolation rate of 87%. In Jakarta the diagnosis of typhoid fever cannot be confidently excluded unless a BMAC is done.
Analysis of open source drivers for IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2010)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the open source IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) stack implementation for further enhancement and implementations. We discuss the IEEE 802.11 WLAN implementation in the latest Linux kernel. This includes a functional breakdown of the driver and the overall flow of information via functions. We also survey the specific implementation methods used in the WLAN Linux stack. We compare the legacy driver implementation with the newer Linux kernel implementation. For reference, the Atheros network device driver is taken as an example to discuss the WLAN structure, stack and driver implementation.
Intrusion detection system for automotive Controller Area Network (CAN) bus system: a review (2019)

The modern vehicles nowadays are managed by networked controllers. Most of the networks were designed with little concern about security which has recently motivated researchers to demonstrate various kinds of attacks against the system. In this paper, we discussed the vulnerabilities of the Controller Area Network (CAN) within in-vehicle communication protocol along with some potential attacks that could be exploited against it. Besides, we present some of the security solutions proposed in the current state of research in order to overcome the attacks. However, the main goal of this paper is to highlight a holistic approach known as intrusion detection system (IDS) which has been a significant tool in securing networks and information systems over the past decades. To the best of our knowledge, there is no recorded literature on a comprehensive overview of IDS implementation specifically in the CAN bus network system. Thus, we proposed an in-depth investigation of IDS found in the literature based on the following aspects: detection approaches, deployment strategies, attacking techniques, and finally technical challenges. In addition, we also categorized the anomaly-based IDS according to these methods, e.g., frequency-based, machine learning-based, statistical-based, and hybrid-based as part of our contributions. Correspondingly, this study will help to accelerate other researchers to pursue IDS research in the CAN bus system.
Laser Ignition of Methane-Air Mixtures at High Pressures and Diagnostics (2005)

Methane-air mixtures at high fill pressures up to 30 bar and high temperatures up to 200°C were ignited in a high-pressure chamber with automated fill control by a 5 ns pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength. Both, the minimum input laser pulse energy for ignition and the transmitted fraction of energy through the generated plasma were measured as a function of the air/fuel-equivalence ratio (λ). The lean-side ignition limit of methane-air mixtures was found to be λ=2.2. However, only λ<2.1 seems to be practically usable. As a comparison, the limit for conventional spark plug ignition of commercial natural gas engines is λ=1.8. Only with excessive efforts λ=2.0 can be spark ignited. The transmitted pulse shape through the laser-generated plasma was determined temporally as well as its dependence on input laser energy and properties of the specific gases interacting. For a first demonstration of the practical applicability of laser ignition, one cylinder of a 1 MW natural gas engine was ignited by a similar 5 ns pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm. The engine worked successfully at λ=1.8 for a first test period of 100 hr without any interruption due to window fouling and other disturbances. Lowest values for NOx emission were achieved at λ=2.05 NOx=0.22 g/KWh. Three parameters obtained from accompanying spectroscopic measurements, namely, water absorbance, flame emission, and the gas inhomogeneity index have proven to be powerful tools to judge laser-induced ignition of methane-air mixtures. The following effects were determined by the absorption spectroscopic technique: formation of water in the vicinity of the laser spark (semi-quantitative); characterization of ignition (ignition delay, incomplete ignition, failed ignition); homogeneity of the gas phase in the vicinity of the ignition; and the progress of combustion.
Stereo radar: reconstructing 3D data from 2D radar (2008)

To improve the situation awareness of an aircrew during poor visibility, different approaches emerged during the past couple of years. Enhanced vision systems (EVS - based upon sensor images) are one of those. They improve situation awareness of the crew, but at the same time introduce certain operational deficits. EVS present sensor data which might be difficult to interpret especially if the sensor used is a radar sensor. In particular an unresolved problem of fast scanning forward looking radar systems in the millimeter waveband is the inability to measure the elevation of a target. In order to circumvent this problem effort was made to reconstruct the missing elevation from a series of images. This could be described as a "Stereo radar"-attempt and is similar to the reconstruction using photography (angle-angle images) from different viewpoints to rebuilt the depth information. Two radar images (range-angle images) with different bank angles can be used to reconstruct the elevation of targets. This paper presents the fundamental idea and the methods of the reconstruction. Furthermore, experiences with real data from EADS's "HiVision" MMCW radar are discussed. Two different approaches are investigated: First, a fusion of images with variable bank angles is calculated for different elevation layers and picture processing reveals identical objects in these layers. Those objects are compared regarding contrast and dimension to extract their elevation. The second approach compares short fusion pairs of two different flights with different nearly constant bank angles. Accumulating those pairs with different offsets delivers the exact elevation.
Transcriptional Control of Macrophage Polarization (2013)

Macrophages are key regulators of many organ systems, including innate and adaptive immunity, systemic metabolism, hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis, malignancy, and reproduction. The pleiotropic roles of macrophages are mirrored by similarly diverse cellular phenotypes. A simplified schema classifies macrophages as M1, classically activated macrophages, or M2, alternatively activated macrophages. These cells are characterized by their expression of cell surface markers, secreted cytokines and chemokines, and transcription and epigenetic pathways. Transcriptional regulation is central to the differential speciation of macrophages, and several major pathways have been described as essential for subset differentiation. In this review, we discuss the transcriptional regulation of macrophages.
Conversation Map: An Interface for Very Large-Scale Conversations (2000)

Very large-scale conversation (VLSC) involves the exchange of thousands of electronic mail (e-mail) messages among hundreds or thousands of people. Usenet newsgroups are good examples (but not the only examples) of online sites where VLSCs take place. Tofacilitate understanding of the social and semantic structure of VLSCs, two tools from the social sciences-social networks and semantic networks-have been extended for the purposes of interface design. As interface devices, social and semantic networks need to be flexible, layered representations that are useful as a means for summarizing, exploring, and cross-indexing the large volumes of messages that constitute the archives of VLSCs. This paper discusses the design criteria necessary for transforming these social scientific representations into interface devices. The discussion is illustrated with the description of the Conversation Map system, an implemented system for browsing and navigating VLSCs.
Fast calculation method for spherical computer-generated holograms (2006)

The synthesis of spherical computer-generated holograms is investigated. To deal with the staggering calculation times required to synthesize the hologram, a fast calculation method for approximating the hologram distribution is proposed. In this method, the diffraction integral is approximated as a convolution integral, allowing computation using the fast-Fourier-transform algorithm. The principles of the fast calculation method, the error in the approximation, and results from simulations are presented.
An Automated Hardware-based Tone Mapping System For Displaying Wide Dynamic Range Images (2013)

Tone mapping algorithms are used to adapt captured wide dynamic range (WDR) scenes to the limited dynamic range of available display devices. In this thesis, a real-time hardware implementation of an exponent-based tone mapping algorithm is presented. An automatic parameter selector was designed for this algorithm in order to achieve good tone-mapped images without manual reconfiguration of the tone mapping algorithm. Both algorithms were implemented in Verilog and synthesized for an FPGA device. The hardware architecture employed a combination of parallelism and system pipelining so as to achieve a high performance in power consumption, hardware resources usage and processing speed. In addition, modifications to the tone mapping algorithm were implemented so as to increase the image and video quality of the tone-mapped image frames. Objective image quality assessment shows that the improved tone mapping algorithm attains higher image quality scores than the original tone mapping operator.
Range finding sensor in 90nm CMOS with bridge correlator based background light suppression (2010)

Within this work an integrated range finding single pixel sensor manufactured in a standard 90nm CMOS technology is presented. The sensor works on the time-of-flight principle obtaining the distance information out of the correlated sent and received signals. The implementation of a range-finding sensor in 90nm technology is using the most advanced process for a distance sensor up to now based on the bridge circuit. Background light suppression is inherently provided in the pixel sensor. The pixel facilitates a high fill factor accounting to 90% at an area of 50 × 64 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and has a power consumption of 2 μW. Measurement results show a standard deviation of 2 cm at 1.2 m covering the range from 0.2 to 3.2 m at 120 klx background illumination.