gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro-X-ray Fluorescence as a General High-Throughput Screening Method for Catalyst Discovery and Small Molecule Recognition (2003)

A powerful high-throughput screening technique is described for the rapid screening of bead-based libraries for catalyst discovery and molecular recognition. Micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF) screens materials for elemental composition with mesoscale analysis. This method is nondestructive and requires minimal sample preparation and no special tags for analysis, and the screening time is dependent on the desired sensitivity. The speed, sensitivity, and simplicity of MXRF as a high-throughput screening technique were applied to screen bead-based libraries of oligopeptides for phosphate hydrolysis catalysts and molecular recognition of selective receptors for the degradation products and analogues of chemical warfare agents. This paper demonstrates the analytical or HTS capability of MXRF for combinatorial screening. It is meant only to show the capabilities of MXRF and is not meant as an exhaustive study of the catalyst and molecular recognition systems presented.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Asymmetric Esterification of Free Carboxylic Acids with Racemic Alcohols Using Benzoic Anhydrides and Tetramisole Derivatives: An Application to the Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Benzylic Alcohols. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Constructing deterministic finite-state automata in sparse recurrent neural networks (2002)

Presents an algorithm for encoding deterministic finite-state automata in sparse recurrent neural networks with sigmoidal discriminant functions and second-order weights. The authors prove that for particular weight strength values the regular languages accepted by DFAs and the constructed networks are identical.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chitosan nanoparticle vaccine loaded with crude extracellular proteins of <i>C. perfringens</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> flagella is partially protective against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens (2020)

Abstract Necrotic enteritis (NE) causes significant economic losses and food shortages world-wide. There are currently no licensed commercial vaccines against NE in broilers. Chitosan nanoparticles were formulated with extracellular proteins of C. perfringens surface-tagged with Salmonella flagellar proteins. One-day-old male broiler chicks were completely randomized to 3 treatments: Non-vaccinated non-challenged as negative control, Vaccinated-challenged, and non-vaccinated challenge as positive control. On day of hatch, d7, and d14 post-hatch, vaccinated-challenged birds were orally gavage with 50μg vaccine in 0.5ml PBS while positive control birds were gavage with 0.5ml PBS only. Birds in the vaccinated-challenged and positive control groups were orally infected on d14 post-hatch, with 5,000 oocysts/bird of E. maxima , followed by log 8 CFU of a virulent strain of C. perfringens on d19, d20, and d21 post-hatch. From d14 to 21 and d14 to 28 post-hatches, mortality in the vaccinated-challenged group was higher than that in the positive control group, approaching statistical significance (p=0.07). On d21 post-hatch, the mean lesion score of 3 birds/cage in the vaccinated-challenged group was higher than the positive control group, approaching statistical significance (p = 0.05). From d 14 to 28 post-hatch, the feed intake was higher and feed conversion ratio lower in the vaccinated-challenged group compared to the positive control group (p<0.05). On d21 post-hatch, antigen specific recall proliferation in the vaccinated-challenged group was higher than that in the negative and positive control groups (p<0.05). On d21 post-hatch, cecal tonsils CD8+ T lymphocytes expression in the vaccinated-challenged group was similar to the negative control group (p>0.05) but higher than that in the positive control group (p<0.05). Finally, vaccination resulted in an increase in ileal mRNA levels of zonula occluding on d21 post-hatch. In conclusion, there were numerical but not statistically significant decrease in NE lesions and mortality in vaccinated and challenged broilers. Further studies are needed to improve the efficacy of the vaccine and understand the mechanism underlying protection in vaccinated birds.
Impermeable graphite: A new development for embedding radioactive waste and an alternative option of managing irradiated graphite - 10027 (2010)

Graphite is a geological stable material proven by its natural occurrence. However its porous structure affects the possible use of graphite as l ong term stable waste matrix for final disposal because slow corrosion in aquatic phases can be ind uced by high irradiation dose rates in the range of 2 kGy/hr and resulting in corrosion rates of 10 -5 to 10 -7 gm -2 d -1 . The porous structure is accompanied by a large surface area and therefore r adiation induced corrosion processes cannot be neglected for final disposal. Furthermore aqueou s phases will penetrate into the pore system and radionuclides adsorbed on the surface will be d issolved. These problems can be solved with a graphite material with a closed pore system. A gr aphite composite material with an inorganic binder has been developed with a density > 99.7 % o f theoretical density and therefore a negligible porosity. An initial calculation predict s that the lifetime of the graphite will be at leas t 2 orders of magnitude greater than porous graphite. This material represents a long term stable leach r esistant matrix for the embedding of irradiated graphite (i-graphite). Granulated i-graphite is mix ed with natural graphite and an inorganic binder and pressed into a block. Other radioactive wastes can be embedded in this matrix, e.g. coated particles of spent fuel from high temperatur e reactors (HTR) reactors.
Dynamic model and computer simulation of a golf swing (2002)

This paper discusses the development of a dynamic model and computer simulation of a golf swing. The simulation combines a variable model of a human with a parametric model of a golf club. The model is driven with data obtained from actual golf swings using a four camera motion analysis system. The model can be analyzed to study the biomechanics of a golfer including the kinematics and kinetics of his joints, the interactions between the golfer and his equipment, and how altering the dynamic parameters of a golf club effects both the golfer and his swing. Keywords: Biomechanics, Dynamic Modeling, Computer Simulation, Kinematics, Kinetics1 IntroductionThe introduction of engineering science and computer technology into the golfing industry has caused an explosion of new high-tech products. Innovations include new methods of design and analysis, more accurate methods of testing, and the availability of exotic materials. With these new products have come a whole host of claims for performance enhancement.
THROMBOLYSIS BY TISSUE-PLASMNOCEN ACTIVATOR AND A FIBRIN (OCEN) -DEGRADATION PRODUCT, PEPTIDE 6A, IN A CANINE MDDEL OF ELECTRICALLY-INDUCED CORONARY THROMBOSIS (1987)

Intracoronary thrombus resulting in acute myocardial ischemia can be lysed by thrombolytic agents, such as, streptokinase or t-PA. We examined the potential of a recombitant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA)and a fibrin (ogen)-degradation productpentapeptide 6A, Ala-Arg-Pro-Ala-Lys, corresponding to aminoacids 43-47 in the BB-chain of fibrinogen, which causes marked increase in coronary blood flow and stimulates prostacyclin release, in restoring coronary blood flow in dqgs with experimentally-induced thrombus. An occlusive thrombus was created in the circumflex (Cx) coronary artery in 8 dcgs by electricalstimulation of the endothelial surface. The electrically-induced Cx thrombus consisted primarily of platelets and fibrin. After the occlusive thrcmbus was stable without electrical currant, rt-PA (10ug/kg/minute for 30 minutes intravenously)or peptide 6A (5 unoles/minute for 20 minutes intracorcnary) were randomly administered. Infusion of t-PA restored coronar blood flow (peak 22 ±12 ml/minute, mean ±SD) in five of seven animlas. The time to flow restoration was 12.3 ± 9.1 minutes and the reflow persistedfor20.0 ± 10.9 minutes. Peptide 6A administration also restored coronary blood flow (peak 20 ± 4 ml/ minute) in seven of eight animals with occlusive coronary thrombus. Mean time to blood flow restoration (4.3 ±2.9 minutes) wasshorter(P>0.05) than with rt-PA, but thereflow persisted only for the duration of tine infusion (16.3 ± 10.2 minutes).Peptide 6A adninistration was associatedwith a significant (P±0.05) increase in plasma 6-keto-PGF1α indicating stimulation of prostacyclin release. In addition, plasma t-PA concentrations also increased (F>0.01) at the peak effect of peptide 6A indicating releaseof endogenous t-PA as another potentialmechanism of the thrombolytic effects of peptide 6A. This study demonstrates that peptide 6A exerts coronary thrombolytic effectsccmpa rable to those of t-PA in a canine model of coronary thrombosis.
AC133, a Novel Marker for Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (1997)

AC133 is one of a new panel of murine hybridoma lines producing monoclonal IgG antibodies (mAbs) to a novel stem cell glycoprotein antigen with a molecular weight of 120 kD. AC133 antigen is selectively expressed on CD34bright hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (progenitors) derived from human fetal liver and bone marrow, and blood. It is not detectable on other blood cells, cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), fibroblast cell lines, or the myeloid leukemia cell line KG1a by standard flow cytometric procedures. All of the noncommitted CD34+ cell population, as well as the majority of CD34+ cells committed to the granulocytic/monocytic pathway, are stained with AC133 antibody. In vitro clonogenicity assays have demonstrated that the CD34+AC133+ double-positive population from adult bone marrow contains the majority of the CFU-GM, a proportion of the CFU-Mix, and a minor population of BFU-E. The CD34dim and AC133− population has been shown to contain the remaining progenitor cells. AC133-selected cells engraft successfully in a fetal sheep transplantation model, and human cells harvested from chimeric fetal sheep bone marrow have been shown to successfully engraft secondary recipients, providing evidence for the long-term repopulating potential of AC133+ cells. A cDNA coding for AC133 antigen has been isolated, which codes for a polypeptide consisting of 865 amino acids (aa) with a predicted size of 97 kD. This antigen is modeled as a 5-transmembrane molecule, a structure that is novel among known cell surface structures. AC133 antibody provides an alternative to CD34 for the selection and characterization of cells necessary for both short- and long-term engraftment, in transplant situations, for studies of ex vivo expansion strategies, and for gene therapy.
Nano-engineered Cementitious Composites and Electrical Impedance and Electrical Impedance Tomography for Spatial Damage Detection (2016)

The objective of this study was to design and validate multifunctional cementitious composites that could bear loads and sense damage severity and location. The current state-of-art employs dispersing conductive additives in cement matrices so that its electrical properties are sensitive to loads/damage. Instead, this work employed a novel approach to design nano-engineered, multifunctional, cementitious composites by modifying cement-aggregate interfaces with spray-coated carbon nanotube (CNT)-latex thin films during casting. Film-coated aggregates maintained CNT dispersion, enhanced conductivity, and used >100× less nanomaterials (and costs) than leading works. In addition, an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) algorithm was implemented for reconstructing the material’s spatial resistivity distribution. Since every location of the cementitious composite was sensitive to damage, EIT could map localized resistivity changes due to damage to precisely indicate the location and geometry of damage. Cementitious composite plate specimens were casted and then subjected to various laboratory-based damage tests. The multifunctional cementitious composites coupled with EIT were able to validate the ability of not only detecting damage severity but also their precise locations.
Mechanism of expiratory muscle activation during lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation (2002)

Lower thoracic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may be a useful method to restore an effective cough mechanism. In dogs, two groups of studies were performed to evaluate the mechanism of the expiratory muscle activation during stimulation at the T(9)-T(10) level, which results in the greatest changes in airway pressure. In one group, expiratory muscle activation was monitored by evoked muscle compound action potentials (CAPs) from the internal intercostal muscles in the 10th, 11th, and 12th interspaces and from portions of the external oblique innervated by the L(1) and L(2) motor roots. SCS, applied with single shocks, resulted in short-latency CAPs at T(10) but not at more caudal levels. SCS resulted in long-latency CAPs at each of the more caudal caudal recording sites. Bilateral dorsal column sectioning, just below the T(11) spinal cord level, did not affect the short-latency CAPs but abolished the long-latency CAPs and also resulted in a fall in airway pressure generation. In the second group, sequential spinal root sectioning was performed to assess their individual mechanical contribution to pressure generation. Section of the ventral roots from T(8) through T(10) resulted in negligible changes, whereas section of more caudal roots resulted in a progressive reduction in pressure generation. We conclude that 1) SCS at the T(9)-T(10) level results in direct activation of spinal cord roots within two to three segments of the stimulating electrode and activation of more distal roots via spinal cord pathways, and 2) pathway activation of motor roots makes a substantial contribution to pressure generation.
Comparative genomics of human Lactobacillus crispatus isolates reveals genes for glycosylation and glycogen degradation: implications for in vivo dominance of the vaginal microbiota (2019)

L. crispatus strains isolated from LVM were not phenotypically distinct from L. crispatus strains isolated from DVM; however, the finding that the latter were more likely to carry a 3-fragmented glycosyltransferase gene may indicate a role for cell surface glycoconjugates, which may shape vaginal microbiota-host interactions. Furthermore, the observation that variation in the pullulanase type I gene is associated with growth on glycogen discourages previous claims that L. crispatus cannot directly utilize glycogen.
Dancing with Giants: Wimpy Kernels for On-Demand Isolated I/O (2014)

To be trustworthy, security-sensitive applications must be formally verified and hence small and simple, i.e., wimpy. Thus, they cannot include a variety of basic services available only in large and untrustworthy commodity systems, i.e., in giants. Hence, wimps must securely compose with giants to survive on commodity systems, i.e., rely on giants' services but only after efficiently verifying their results. This paper presents a security architecture based on a wimpy kernel that provides on-demand isolated I/O channels for wimp applications, without bloating the underlying trusted computing base. The size and complexity of the wimpy kernel are minimized by safely outsourcing I/O subsystem functions to an untrusted commodity operating system and exporting driver and I/O subsystem code to wimp applications. Using the USB subsystem as a case study, this paper illustrates the dramatic reduction of wimpy-kernel size and complexity, e.g., over 99% of the USB code base is removed. Performance measurements indicate that the wimpy-kernel architecture exhibits the desired execution efficiency.
In-Situ Stability Control of Energy-Producing Anaerobic Biological Reactors through Novel Use of Ion Exchange Fibers (2017)

Anaerobic biological treatment of high-strength organic industrial wastes is preferred over aerobic treatment as it produces a methane-rich biogas, has much lower energy requirements, and produces significantly less biosolids. Process stability and reactor failure are of concern, however, for waste streams that exhibit large variations in organic loading, which can cause detrimental pH fluctuations, and that have the potential for accidental input of toxic metals. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the use of ion exchange fibers (IXFs) can provide passive resilience to these failure modes, without requiring operator oversight or reactive process control via chemical addition. IXFs have the advantage of rapid kinetics due to their small size, and they can be readily inserted and withdrawn as woven mats or porous pillows. This approach is demonstrated here using the weak-acid IXF FIBAN X-1 and the strong-base FIBAN A-1. FIBAN X-1 passively stabilized anaerobic reactors by (i) buffering pH fluctuations resulting from organic overloading due to both an increase in organic concentration and a decrease in hydraulic residence time and (ii) moderating shock-loads of copper and nickel. FIBAN X-1 also retained ∼95% of its exchange capacity after one year of operation in anaerobic reactors, demonstrating its long-term performance. In addition, FIBAN A-1 stabilized anaerobic reactors to input of chromate. These results demonstrate that IXFs can be used to passively stabilize anaerobic biological reactors from upset and failure and that this technology can be used to enhance energy recovery from high-strength organic waste streams.
CoCITe—Coordinating Changes in Text (2010)

Text streams are ubiquitous and contain a wealth of information, but are typically orders of magnitude too large in scale for comprehensive human inspection. There is a need for tools that can detect and group changes occurring within text streams and substreams, in order to find, structure, and summarize these changes for presentation to human analysts. This paper describes a procedure for efficiently finding step changes, trends, bursts, and cyclic changes affecting frequencies of words, or more general lexical items, within streams of documents which may be optionally labeled with metadata. The common phenomenon of over-dispersion is accommodated using mixture distributions. A streaming implementation is described which can process data from a continuous feed. Anomalies can be detected, grouped, and rendered visually for human comprehension.
Etching‐Free Epitaxial Growth of Gold on Silver Nanostructures for High Chemical Stability and Plasmonic Activity (2015)

A robust method for epitaxial deposition of Au onto the surface of Ag nanostructures is demonstrated, which allows effective conversion of Ag nano­structures of various morphologies into Ag@Au counterparts, with the anisotropic ones showing excellent plasmonic properties comparable to the original Ag nanostructures while significantly enhanced stability. Sulfite plays a determining role in the success of this epitaxial deposition as it strongly complexes with gold cations to completely prevent galvanic replacement while it also remains benign to the Ag surface to avoid any ligand‐assisted oxidative etching. By using Ag nanoplates as an example, it is shown that the corresponding Ag@Au nanoplates possess remarkable plasmonic properties that are virtually Ag‐like, in clear contrast to Ag@Au nanospheres that exhibit much lower plasmonic activities than their Ag counterparts. As a result, they display high durability and activities in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering applications. This strategy may represent a general platform for depositing a noble metal on less stable metal nanostructures, thus opening up new opportunities in rational design of functional metal nanomaterials for a broad range of applications.
TIA: algorithms for development of identity-linked SNP islands for analysis by massively parallel DNA sequencing (2018)

TIA offers a tunable genome search tool for the discovery of targeted genomic regions that are scalable in the population frequency and numbers of SNPs contained within the SNP island regions. It also allows the definition of sequence length and sequence variability of the target region as well as the less variable flanking regions for tailoring to MPS platforms. As shown in this study, TIA can be used to discover identity-linked SNP islands within the human genome, useful for differentiating individuals by targeted resequencing on MPS technologies.
An Ultracompact 9.4–14.8-GHz Transformer-Based Fractional-N All-Digital PLL in 40-nm CMOS (2017)

In this paper, we apply various area reduction techniques on an inductor–capacitor ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> )-tank oscillator in order to make its size comparable to that of ring oscillators (ROs), while still retaining its salient features of excellent phase noise and low sensitivity to supply variations. The resulting oscillator employs a proposed ultracompact split transformer topology that provides a 1:2 passive voltage gain and is less susceptible to common-mode electromagnetic interference than are regular high-quality-factor <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> tanks, thus making it desirable in system-on-a-chip environments. The oscillator, together with a proposed dc-coupled buffer, is incorporated within an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) intended for wireline, digital clocking, and less stringent wireless systems. The ADPLL architecture introduces a look-ahead time-to-digital converter that exploits a deterministic phase prediction to reduce power consumption and phase detection complexity. The ADPLL is realized in 40-nm CMOS and has the smallest reported area of 0.0625 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> among <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LC</i> -tank oscillators while providing fractional-N operation, wide tuning range of 45% (from 9.4 to 14.8 GHz), very low voltage supply sensitivity of 80 MHz/V, and integrated figure-of-merit jitter (FoM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">jitter</sub> ) better than −230 dB. A separate identical ADPLL was implemented using an RO instead, for completeness and systematic comparisons.
Novel sprayable biodegradable polymer membrane to minimise soil evaporation (2015)

Sprayable film systems for soil to prevent moisture loss have received increased attention as next generation alternatives to the use of preformed films. In this paper we report on the properties of a novel water dispersible, sprayable biodegradable polymer membrane and results of preliminary pot and field trials using this membrane to minimise soil evaporation. The polymer emulsion contains 40 wt% solid content with particle sizes in the 100-500 micron range and its viscosity is 400±70 mPa.s; it is stable at ambient temperature and can be sprayed using standard farm equipment. The small scale pot trial indicated a 10-50% reduction in soil evaporation across a number of different soils. The field trial, on a Hanwood loam soil showed that the polymer membrane treatment maintained approximately the same crop yield compared to the control, but used 28% less irrigation water. Water use productivity was 0.34 to 0.46 kg/100 L higher in the polymer treatment than in the control treatments, representing a 20-30% increase in water productivity. Refinement of the polymer membrane together with further field testing is ongoing.