gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Area-, power-, and pin-efficient bus structures using multi-bit-differential signaling</title> (2005)

This paper describes a new low-power, area-, and pin-efficient alternative to differential encoding for high-performance chip-to-chip and backplane signaling. The technique, called multi-bit-differential-signaling (MBDS), consists of a new design for the driver and link termination network coupled with a novel coding system based on “N choose M (nCm)” codes. In an nCm-coded MBDS channel, there are <i>n</i> physical interconnections over which all code symbols carry exactly <i>m</i> 1-bits. This property gives MBDS links signal-to-noise and transmission characteristics comparable to pair-wise differential links such as low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS). Moreover, MBDS is compatible with commercial LVDS receivers in point-to-point and multi-point bus topologies. However, because MBDS channels have a higher information density, they use up to 45% less power and up to 45% fewer I/O pads than equivalent differentially encoded buses.
Hyperlocal (2013)

To conduct a successful targeting campaign in mobile advertising, one needs to have reliable location information from real-time bid requests. However, many real-time bid requests do not include fine-grained location information (such as latitude and longitude) because (1) the device or the application did not collect that information or (2) some components of the real-time bid ecosystem did not forward that information. In this paper, we present a three-step approach that takes as input hashed public IP addresses in real-time bid requests and (1) creates a weighted heterogenous network, (2) applies network-inference techniques to infer fine-grain (but possibly noisy) location information for the hashed public IPs, and (3) uses k-nearest neighbor and census data to assign census block group IDs to those hashed public IPs. Our experiments on two large real-world datasets show the accuracy of our approach to be over 74% for hashed IPs (regardless of their type: mobile or non-mobile) when basing the inference on only hashed public mobile IPs. This is notable since our inference is over 212K possibilities.
Interfacial thermal resistance and temperature dependence of three adhesives for electronic packaging (2000)

The thermal resistance and its temperature dependence was measured for three industrial adhesives used for electronic packaging. Measurements were made by the laser-flash method from room temperature to 300/spl deg/C. The samples were in the form of sandwiches consisting of two platelets of silicon carbide-reinforced aluminum (AlSiC) bonded together with the adhesives. The total thermal resistance of the bond (the sum of the bulk thermal resistance of the adhesive and the resistances at the two interfaces) was calculated from the thermal response of the sandwich subjected on one side to a single laser-flash. The total thermal resistance was found to decrease with increasing temperature. The bulk thermal resistance of the adhesive, calculated from its thickness and independently determined thermal conductivity, was found to be relatively independent of temperature. The interfacial resistance at the AlSiC interfaces, depending on the adhesive, ranged from about 60 to 80% of the total resistance decreasing to about 50% of the total interfacial resistance at 300/spl deg/C. For two of the adhesives considered in this study, the interfacial thermal resistances for the AlSiC/adhesive interfaces were found to be considerably higher than those found in an earlier study of Si/adhesive interfaces.
Wide-bandwidth, high-resolution delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (2011)

Individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 are at risk of developing neurological-related post-acute disorders. Disputed epidemiological data indicated nicotine may reduce the severity of infection. Here we find exposure to nicotine in drinking water does not alter the moribundity of hACE2 mice. However, pre-exposure to nicotine decreased the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 RNA expression and pathology in the brain. These results suggest mechanisms involving targets of nicotine could be leveraged to prevent the neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2.
Low-depth circuit ansatz for preparing correlated fermionic states on a\n quantum computer (2018)

Quantum simulations are bound to be one of the main applications of near-term\nquantum computers. Quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics are expected\nto benefit from these technological developments. Several quantum simulation\nmethods are known to prepare a state on a quantum computer and measure the\ndesired observables. The most resource economic procedure is the variational\nquantum eigensolver (VQE), which has traditionally employed unitary coupled\ncluster as the ansatz to approximate ground states of many-body fermionic\nHamiltonians. A significant caveat of the method is that the initial state of\nthe procedure is a single reference product state with no entanglement\nextracted from a classical Hartree-Fock calculation. In this work, we propose\nto improve the method by initializing the algorithm with a more general\nfermionic Gaussian state, an idea borrowed from the field of nuclear physics.\nWe show how this Gaussian reference state can be prepared with a linear-depth\ncircuit of quantum matchgates. By augmenting the set of available gates with\nnearest-neighbor phase coupling, we generate a low-depth circuit ansatz that\ncan accurately prepare the ground state of correlated fermionic systems. This\nextends the range of applicability of the VQE to systems with strong pairing\ncorrelations such as superconductors, atomic nuclei, and topological materials.\n
Greater increase in urinary hepcidin predicts protection from acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass (2011)

Urinary hepcidin and hepcidin:creatinine ratio are biomarkers of AKI after CPB, with an inverse association between its increase at 24 h and risk of AKI in the first five post-operative days. Measuring hepcidin in the urine on the first day following surgery may deliver earlier diagnosis and interventions.
Efficient Cooperative HARQ for Multi-Source Multi-Relay Wireless Networks (2018)

In this paper, we compare the performance of three different cooperative Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) protocols for slow-fading half-duplex orthogonal multiple access multiple relay channel. Channel State Information (CSI) is available at the receiving side of each link only. Time Division Multiplexing is assumed, where each orthogonal transmission occurs during a time-slot. Sources transmit in turns in consecutive time slots during the first transmission phase. During the second phase, the destination schedules in each time-slot one node (source or relay) to transmit redundancies based on its correctly decoded source messages (its decoding set) with the goal to maximize the average spectral efficiency. Bidirectional limited control channels are available from sources and relays towards the destination to implement the necessary control signaling of the HARQ protocols. Among the three proposed HARQ, two follow the Incremental Redundancy (IR) approach. One consists in sending incremental redundancies on all the messages from the scheduled node decoding set (Multi-User encoding) while the other one helps a single source (Single User encoding) chosen randomly. The third one is of the Chase Combining (CC) type, where the selected node repeats the transmission (including modulation and coding scheme) of one source chosen randomly from its decoding set. Monte-Carlo simulations confirm that the IR-type of HARQ with Multi-User encoding offers the best performance, followed by IR-type of HARQ with Single User encoding and CC-type of HARQ. We conclude that IR-type of HARQ with Single User encoding offers the best trade-off between performance and complexity for a small number of sources in our setting.
Hypothesis: Dysregulation of methylation of brain‐expressed genes on the X chromosome and autism spectrum disorders (2008)

The hypothesis is set forth that dysregulation of brain-expressed genes on the X chromosome constitutes the major predisposition to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This dysregulation, mediated by hypomethylation or hypermethylation of CpG sites within gene promoters, leads to overexpression or partial silencing of one or more brain-expressed genes, which in turn results in an unbalanced production of the proteins responsible for brain structure and function. This hypothesis accommodates the predominantly sporadic occurrence (95%), the male excess (4:1), and the usual absence of malformations or other syndromic manifestations in ASDs.
Expanded Blaum–Roth Codes With Efficient Encoding and Decoding Algorithms (2019)

An expansion of Blaum-Roth codes by incorporating a vertical parity on p×p arrays, where p is a prime number, is described. The vertical parity allows for the local recovery of a symbol within a column without invoking the remaining columns. Efficient encoding and erasure decoding procedures are presented, in particular, for the case of two column parities.
Ultrasonic sensitivity of coated fibers (1983)

The acoustic sensitivity of the phase of light propagating in a coated optical fiber is studied for ultrasonic frequencies where the fiber is axially constrained and isotropic. The analysis, which takes into account the exact composition and geometry of multilayer fibers, is utilized to identify coatings compositions which optimize the fiber acoustic sensitivity.
Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Trehalulose and Sticky Cotton Yarn Defects Using ZnSe-Diamond Universal Attenuated Total Reflectance (2005)

The universal attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (UATR-FTIR) equipped with a ZnSe-diamond composite crystal accessory was used to investigate the implication of trehalulose in the formation of yarn defects during rotor spinning of moderately sticky cotton mixes. One cotton bale contaminated with aphid honeydew and one contaminated with whitefly honeydew were selected. Mixes having moderate levels of stickiness were prepared from these two bales by mixing sticky cotton with non-sticky cotton. These cotton mixes were processed and the yarn defects were collected and analyzed using UATR-FTIR. The results obtained showed a high correlation between the FTIR spectra of the yarn defects from the whitefly honeydew-contaminated mixes and the spectra of artificial reconstituted whitefly honeydew. No significant difference was seen between the spectra of yarn defects from aphid honeydew-contaminated cotton and those of non-contaminated cotton. The FTIR and Raman studies of the hydration process of trehalulose showed a drastic impact of moisture absorption on the intensities of the vibration modes of trehalulose. These results all indicate that trehalulose is the primary concern when forming yarns from cotton with moderate honeydew contamination.
A Combination of Three Fully Human Toxin A- and Toxin B-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Protects against Challenge with Highly Virulent Epidemic Strains of Clostridium difficile in the Hamster Model (2015)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the principal cause of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy. Recent increases in the number of outbreaks attributed to highly virulent antibiotic-resistant strains underscore the importance of identifying efficacious alternatives to antibiotics to control this infection. CDI is mediated by two large exotoxins, toxins A and B. Strong humoral toxin-specific immune responses are associated with recovery and a lack of disease recurrence, whereas insufficient humoral responses are associated with recurrent CDI. Multiple approaches targeting these toxins, including intravenous immunoglobulin, neutralizing polymers, active vaccines, and, most recently, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), have been explored, with various degrees of success. In this study, we describe the characterization of the first MAbs isolated from healthy human donors using a high-throughput B-cell cloning strategy. The MAbs were selected based on their ability to inhibit the actions of toxins A and B in vitro and because of their in vivo efficacy in a hamster challenge model. A potent 2-MAb cocktail was identified and then further potentiated by the addition of a second anti-toxin B MAb. This 3-MAb combination protected animals against mortality and also reduced the severity and duration of diarrhea associated with challenge with highly virulent strains of C. difficile toxinotypes 0 and III. This highly efficacious cocktail consists of one MAb specific to the receptor binding domain of toxin A and two MAbs specific to nonoverlapping regions of the glucosyltransferase domain of toxin B. This MAb combination offers great potential as a nonantibiotic treatment for the prevention of recurrent CDI.
Gel Electrolytes of Covalent Network Polybenzimidazole and Phosphoric Acid by Direct Casting (2017)

Abstract Polybenzimidazole membranes imbibed with phosphoric acid can support high proton conductivity at 120–200 °C, and have therefore emerged as the state‐of‐the‐art electrolytes for fuel cells operating in this temperature range. This work presents a novel and operationally simple methodology for preparing mechanically robust covalent network polybenzimidazole membranes containing up to 95 wt% phosphoric acid. Diamino‐terminal pre‐polymers of different chain lengths are first prepared, followed by addition of a trifunctional carboxylic acid. The crude solutions are cast and subsequently heat treated at up to 230 °C, yielding free‐standing membranes of networked polybenzimidazole with high proton conductivity at up to 180 °C and encouraging fuel cell performance.
Network design optimization from an availability perspective (2004)

This paper describes a novel optimization methodology that integrates the availability awareness into the cost modeling of mesh and ring architectures. The methodology with its interactive nature allows the network planner to search for the best network solution according to the service provider's needs. For a typical USA long-haul network, mesh solutions are compared to ring solutions from both cost and availability point of view.
Seed Lipoxygenase Products Modulate <i>Aspergillus</i> Mycotoxin Biosynthesis (1997)

Oilseed crops are frequently subject to contamination by mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus spp., particularly aflatoxin (AF) and to a lesser extent sterigmatocystin (ST). Several studies have suggested that metabolites generated from the plant lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway may either decrease or increase mycotoxin production by Aspergillus spp. We tested the possibility that the occurrence of seed LOX isozymes that produce distinct hydroperoxy fatty acids may account for these different effects on AF biosynthesis. For example, soybean LOX1 catalyzes the addition of O 2 to the C13 position of linoleic and linolenic acids while maize embryo LOX catalyzes the addition of O 2 to the C9 position. In vitro experiments showed that 13S-hydroperoxy fatty acids at concentrations of 10 and 100 μM repressed AF and ST pathway gene expression and significantly (P = 0.05) reduced AF and ST production in both A. parasiticus (AF producer) and A. nidulans (ST producer). Treatment with 1 μM 13S-hydroperoxy linoleic acid also significantly decreased AF production when introduced into growth media at continuous 24-h intervals. In contrast, the same concentrations of 9S-hydroperoxy linoleic acid did not reduce AF or ST production but extended the length of time AF and ST transcripts were detectable. These results show that 13S-hydroperoxy fatty acids directly or indirectly repress AF and ST biosynthesis and provide in vitro evidence that specific seed lipoxygenase activity could provide resistance to mycotoxin contamination by Aspergillus spp.
Segregation and Mapping Analysis of Polymorphic HLA Class I Restriction Fragments: Detection of a Novel Fragment (1983)

An HLA-B7 complementary DNA clone was used as a hybridization probe to analyze the segregation pattern of polymorphic class I restriction fragments in several families whose HLA types had been determined by serological techniques. In one family in which a crossover in the HLA region had occurred, a specific genomic fragment was mapped with respect to the crossover. In another family, a novel genomic fragment present in one child and absent in all other family members was observed. With the exception of this novel fragment, all polymorphic class I fragments observed in this study segregated with a serologically defined parental haplotype, a result consistent with HLA linkage.
Structure–Activity Relationship for Small Molecule Inhibitors of Nicotinamide <i>N</i>-Methyltransferase (2017)

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a fundamental cytosolic biotransforming enzyme that catalyzes the N-methylation of endogenous and exogenous xenobiotics. We have identified small molecule inhibitors of NNMT with >1000-fold range of activity and developed comprehensive structure–activity relationships (SARs) for NNMT inhibitors. Screening of N-methylated quinolinium, isoquinolinium, pyrididium, and benzimidazolium/benzothiazolium analogues resulted in the identification of quinoliniums as a promising scaffold with very low micromolar (IC50 ∼ 1 μM) NNMT inhibition. Computer-based docking of inhibitors to the NNMT substrate (nicotinamide)-binding site produced a robust correlation between ligand–enzyme interaction docking scores and experimentally calculated IC50 values. Predicted binding orientation of the quinolinium analogues revealed selective binding to the NNMT substrate-binding site residues and essential chemical features driving protein–ligand intermolecular interactions and NNMT inhibition. The development of this new series of small molecule NNMT inhibitors direct the future design of lead drug-like inhibitors to treat several metabolic and chronic disease conditions characterized by abnormal NNMT activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum Complexes of Vitamin C. NMR Studies on the Solution Chemistry of cis‐Pt(diamine)(ascorbate) Complexes. (1987)

Abstract The variety of different products identified by using multinuclear NMR and HPLC techniques shows the complexity of the diamineplatinum(II) ascorbate system.
SurroundWeb: Mitigating Privacy Concerns in a 3D Web Browser (2015)

Immersive experiences that mix digital and real-world objects are becoming reality, but they raise serious privacy concerns as they require real-time sensor input. These experiences are already present on smartphones and game consoles via Kinect, and will eventually emerge on the web platform. However, browsers do not expose the display interfaces needed to render immersive experiences. Previous security research focuses on controlling application access to sensor input alone, and do not deal with display interfaces. Recent research in human computer interactions has explored a variety of high-level rendering interfaces for immersive experiences, but these interfaces reveal sensitive data to the application. Bringing immersive experiences to the web requires a high-level interface that mitigates privacy concerns. This paper presents Surround Web, the first 3D web browser, which provides the novel functionality of rendering web content onto a room while tackling many of the inherent privacy challenges. Following the principle of least privilege, we propose three abstractions for immersive rendering: 1) the room skeleton lets applications place content in response to the physical dimensions and locations of render able surfaces in a room, 2) the detection sandbox lets applications declaratively place content near recognized objects in the room without revealing if the object is present, and 3) satellite screens let applications display content across devices registered with Surround Web. Through user surveys, we validate that these abstractions limit the amount of revealed information to an acceptable degree. In addition, we show that a wide range of immersive experiences can be implemented with acceptable performance.
A Non-Reciprocal Filter Using Asymmetrically Transduced Micro-Acoustic Resonators (2019)

This letter reports a non-reciprocal filter based on the use of nonlinearities in high quality-factor (Q) silicon micro-acoustic resonators with asymmetric piezoelectric transducers. The two-port resonators are created by the integration of 120-nm piezoelectric aluminum nitride and 10-nm ferroelectric hafnium-zirconium-oxide transducers atop of 70-nm single-crystal silicon. The asymmetric electromechanical transduction architecture results in highly contrasted power-handing of the micro-acoustic resonator when excited at different ports, resulting in nonreciprocal transmission response for excitation powers beyond a certain threshold. A proof-of-concept filter at 253 MHz with 0.25% -3-dB bandwidth is implemented through electrical coupling of two asymmetrically transduced resonators with individual Q of ~870. The filter demonstrates a non-reciprocal transmission ratio of 16 dB for input power exceeding 5 dBm.
Production of a unique pneumococcal capsule serotype belonging to serogroup 6 (2009)

Serogroup 6 of Streptococcus pneumoniae contains three serotypes, named 6A, 6B and 6C, with highly homologous capsule gene loci. The 6A and 6B capsule gene loci consistently differ from each other by only one nucleotide in the wciP gene. The 6A capsule gene locus has a galactosyltransferase, which has been replaced with a glucosyltransferase in the 6C capsule gene locus. We considered that a new serotype named '6X1' would be possible if the galactosyltransferase of the 6B capsule gene locus is replaced with the glucosyltransferase of 6C. We demonstrate that this gene transfer yields a viable pneumococcal strain and that the capsular polysaccharide (PS) from this strain has the predicted chemical structure and serological similarity to the capsular PS of the 6B serotype. The new strain (i.e. serotype 6X1) is typed as 6B by the quellung reaction, but it can be distinguished from 6B strains with mAbs to 6B PS. Reexamination of 264 pneumococcal isolates that had been previously typed as 6B with classical typing methods revealed no isolates expressing serotype 6X1. Nevertheless, this study shows that this capsular PS is biochemically possible and could exist/emerge in nature.
Structural-property relationship of nanocrystalline diamond films and its applications (2009)

The importance and interest of diamond synthesis is based on the unique properties that can be achieved using this material in several applications. Micro and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films were deposited by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MPECVD). The structural properties were characterised by SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy and NEXAFS. Nitrogen incorporated NCD films were grown to produce electrically conductive films. Ohmic contacts to n-NCD films were formed by Ti/Au or Cr/Au metal electrodes. NCD based vibrating MEMS cantilever devices have been fabricated.