gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Racial Differences in the Oral Microbiome: Data from Low-Income Populations of African Ancestry and European Ancestry (2019)

Increasing evidence indicates the significant racial difference in gut, vaginal, and skin microbiomes. However, little is known regarding the racial difference in the oral microbiome. In this study, deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was utilized to assess the oral microbiome in mouth rinse samples of 1,058 African-Americans (AAs) and 558 European-Americans (EAs) from the Southern Community Cohort Study. Generally, AAs had a higher species richness than EAs, with <i>P = </i>5.28 × 10<sup>-14</sup> (Wilcoxon rank sum test) for Faith's phylogenetic diversity index. A significant difference in overall microbiome composition was observed between AAs and EAs, with <i>P = </i>5.94 × 10<sup>-4</sup> (MiRKAT) for the weighted UniFrac distance matrix. We also found 32 bacterial taxa showing a significant differential abundance or prevalence between the two racial groups at a Bonferroni-corrected <i>P < </i>0.05 in linear or logistic regression analyses. Generally, AAs showed a higher abundance of <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and a lower abundance of <i>Actinobacteria</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i> Interestingly, four periodontal pathogens, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, <i>Treponema denticola</i>, and <i>Filifactor alocis</i>, were more prevalent among AAs than among EAs, with Bonferroni-corrected <i>P</i> values of 5.23 × 10<sup>-6</sup>, 4.47 × 10<sup>-6</sup>, 1.08 × 10<sup>-3</sup>, and 4.49 × 10<sup>-5</sup>, respectively. In addition, all of these 32 taxa were significantly correlated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. These findings call for research to understand how the racial difference in oral microbiome influences the health disparity.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> In this systemic investigation of racial differences in the oral microbiome using a large data set, we disclosed the significant differences in the oral microbial richness/evenness, as well as in the overall microbial composition, between African-Americans and European-Americans. We also found multiple oral bacterial taxa, including several preidentified oral pathogens, showing a significant different abundance or prevalence between African-Americans and European-Americans. Furthermore, these taxa were consistently found to be associated with the percentage of genetic African ancestry. Our findings warrant further research to understand how the racial difference in the oral microbiome influences the health disparity.
Localization of Midgut-Specific Protein Antigens from <I>Aedes aegypti</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Monoclonal Antibodies (2001)

Most insect transmitted pathogens interact with the midgut of their vectors for infection and, in some cases, development. Therefore, molecules associated with the midgut epithelium in direct contact with pathogens may be potential targets of infection-blocking measures. Here, we identify midgut-specific protein antigens from Aedes aegypti (L.) using monoclonal antibodies. Sixty-four monoclonal antibodies were generated with reactivity to the mosquito midgut, five of which are reported in this article. Three monoclonal antibodies identified protein antigens localized at the midgut epithelial surface (the brush border) and the peritrophic membrane. In addition, two monoclonal antibodies recognized mosquito nucleus-specific proteins by immunofluorescence microscopy. Because potential target antigens for blocking transmission of pathogens most likely are located at the interface of mosquito-pathogen interactions, these monoclonal antibodies could provide valuable tools for studying midgut-specific proteins and interactions of the mosquito midgut with pathogens.
Topic-Dependent-Class-Based $n$-Gram Language Model (2012)

A topic-dependent-class (TDC)-based <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -gram language model (LM) is a topic-based LM that employs a semantic extraction method to reveal latent topic information extracted from noun-noun relations. A topic of a given word sequence is decided on the basis of most frequently occuring (weighted) noun classes in the context history through voting. Our previous work (W. Naptali, M. Tsuchiya, and S. Seiichi, “Topic-dependent language model with voting on noun history,”ACM Trans. Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP), vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1-31, 2010) has shown that in terms of perplexity, TDCs outperform several state-of-the-art baselines, i.e., a word-based or class-based <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -gram LM and their interpolation, a cache-based LM, an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -gram-based topic-dependent LM, and a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)-based topic-dependent LM. This study is a follow up of our previous work and there are three key differences. First, we improve TDCs by employing soft-clustering and/or soft-voting techniques, which solve data shrinking problems and make TDCs independent of the word-based <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -gram, in the training and/or test phases. Second, for further improvement, we incorporate a cache-based LM through unigram scaling, because the TDC and cache-based LM capture different properties of the language. Finally, we provide an evaluation in terms of the word error rate (WER) and an analysis of the automatic speech recognition (ASR) rescoring task. Experiments performed on the Wall Street Journal and the Mainichi Shimbun (a Japanese newspaper) demonstrate that the TDC LM improves both perplexity and the WER. The perplexity reduction is up to 25.1% relative on the English corpus and 25.7% relative on the Japanese corpus. Furthermore, the greatest reduction in the WER is 15.2% relative to the English ASR and 24.3 relative to the Japanese ASR, as compared to the baseline.
Clinical evaluation of moxalactam (1982)

Moxalactam was administered intravenously or intramuscularly or both in doses of 1 to 12 g/day to 45 patients with clinically significant infections (17 soft tissue or bone, 9 pleuropulmonary, 9 septicemic, 6 urinary tract, and 4 intraabdominal infections). Mean 0.5-h postinfusion levels were 105 micrograms/ml for a 4.0-g dose, 44.7 micrograms/ml for a 2.0-g dose, and 18 micrograms/ml for a 1.0-g dose. We identified 28 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 9 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, and 15 anaerobic bacterial isolates. A total of 15 patients were clinically cured, 8 patients improved, 13 patients improved initially but suffered subsequent relapses or superinfections, and 10 patients failed therapy. Toxicity was generally minimal (reversible eosinophilia, and mild liver function abnormalities, and elevated prothrombin time). The selection or emergence of resistant organisms in 17 patients during treatment (particularly Pseudomonas, enterococci, and Candida) was a disturbing feature of therapy. Our results were generally favorable, considering the complicated underlying medical problems of this group of patients.
Highly stretchable strain sensors with reduced graphene oxide sensing liquids for wearable electronics (2018)

Strain sensors with high sensitivity, broad sensing ranges and excellent durable stability are highly desirable due to their promising potential in electronic skins and human-friendly wearable interactive systems. Herein, we report a high-performance strain sensor based on rGO (reduced graphene oxide)/DI (deionized water) sensing elements. The strain sensors were fabricated by using Ecoflex rubber filled with rGO/DI conductive liquids via template methods, making the process simple, low-cost and scalable. The as-assembled strain sensors can be used to reflect both stretching and compressing with high sensitivity (a maximum gauge factor of 31.6 and a pressure sensitivity of 0.122 kPa<sup>-1</sup>), an ultralow limit of detection (0.1% strain), and excellent reliability and stability (>15 000 cycles for pressuring and >10 000 cycles for stretching). In particular, the maximum sensing range is up to 400%, much wider than that of the sensor recently reported. More significantly, the strain sensors are able to distinguish between touch/compressive (resistance decrease) and tensile (resistance increase) deformation, which has not been explored before. This interesting property of strain sensors is due to the micro-contact of nanomaterials in a liquid environment. The sensing liquid of the device can be refilled when it fails, and this enables the recycling of the materials and reduces the waste rate. Therefore, it is attractive and promising for practical applications in multifunctional wearable electronics such as the detection of acoustic vibration, human vocalization and other human motions.
Effects of Austenitizing Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance of 14Cr-3Mo Martensitic Stainless Steel (2006)

Martensitic stainless steels with a carbon content higher than 0.2wt% need to be heat-treated and quenched for the dissolution of carbides. In this study, the transformation and the corrosion characteristics of the martensitic steels are studied with different austenitizing temperatures for 0.15C- and 0.3C-14Cr-3Mo steels.
House‐dust mite allergen Der p 1: amount or concentration? (1997)

There is a lack of consensus as to the best way to quantify settled house-dust mite Der p 1 allergen from planar and nonplanar surfaces. To investigate the most appropriate measure of settled house-dust mite Der p 1 allergen, we determined the relationship between Der p 1 allergen content and collected dust weight from planar-surface (mattress) and nonplanar-surface (living-room) samples in 58 homes. There was a direct relationship between Der p 1 content and dust weight for both planar-surface (mattress, n = 217) samples (r = 0.50, P < 0.0001) and nonplanar-surface (living-room, n = 48) samples (r = 0.61, P < 0.0001). Correction for the surface area of the planar surface (mattress) vacuum-cleaned resulted in no additional benefit. We conclude that expression of Der p 1 levels per weight of collected dust appears to be the best method for both planar and nonplanar surfaces.
Bioengineered pseudovirus nanoparticles displaying the HA1 antigens of influenza viruses for enhanced immunogenicity (2022)

Even with implementation of current influenza vaccines, influenza still claims up to 500,000 lives worldwide annually, indicating a need for a better vaccine strategy. We have developed a technology to generate unique S<sub>60</sub>-HA1 pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs) that display the receptor-binding HA1 domains of influenza viruses. Each self-assembled S<sub>60</sub>-HA1 PVNP consists of a <i>T</i> = 1 icosahedral S<sub>60</sub> nanoparticle that resembles the inner shell of norovirus capsid and 60 surface-displayed HA1 antigens that are excellent vaccine targets. Soluble S<sub>60</sub>-HA1 PVNPs presenting HA1 antigens of H7N9 influenza virus subtypes have been produced efficiently in large amount. Their three-dimensional (3D) structures have been solved by cryogenic electron microscopy. The PVNP-displayed HA1 antigens react with HA-specific antibody, and retain authentic sialic acid binding specificity and hemagglutinate human erythrocytes. The PVNPs are highly immunogenic, eliciting high titers of HA1-specific antibodies in mice and the mouse sera strongly inhibited hemagglutinations of homologous and heterologous influenza virus HA proteins. Therefore, the S<sub>60</sub>-HA1 PVNPs may provide useful reagents to study influenza viruses and offer a potential new vaccine tactic to fight the deadly influenza disease.
Differential Flatness of Quadrotor Dynamics Subject to Rotor Drag for Accurate Tracking of High-Speed Trajectories (2017)

In this letter, we prove that the dynamical model of a quadrotor subject to linear rotor drag effects is differentially flat in its position and heading. We use this property to compute feedforward control terms directly from a reference trajectory to be tracked. The obtained feedforward terms are then used in a cascaded, nonlinear feedback control law that enables accurate agile flight with quadrotors. Compared to the state-of-the-art control methods, which treat the rotor drag as an unknown disturbance, our method reduces the trajectory tracking error significantly. Finally, we present a method based on a gradient-free optimization to identify the rotor drag coefficients, which are required to compute the feedforward control terms. The new theoretical results are thoroughly validated trough extensive comparative experiments.
Mechanical <i>vs.</i> chemical stability of sulphide-based solid-state batteries. Which one is the biggest challenge to tackle? Overview of solid-state batteries and hybrid solid state batteries (2020)

Mechanical stability and interfacial stability are the main issues hindering the development of sulphide-based solid state batteries. We review here the recent advances in this field including the alternative of hybrid solid electrolytes.
Comprehensive Evaluation of the Absorption, Photophysical, Energy Transfer, Structural, and Theoretical Properties of α-Oligothiophenes with One to Seven Rings (1996)

A large basis set of α-oligothiophenes with two to seven rings (α2−α7), also including thiophene, α1, have been investigated in five solvents regarding absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence, quantum yields of fluorescence (φF) and triplet formation (φT), lifetimes of fluorescence and the triplet state, quantum yields of singlet oxygen production (φΔ), all rate constants kF, kIC, kISC, and several of the foregoing as a function of temperature. Ten different theoretical calculations across several levels including three levels of ab initio have been carried out regarding which conformer is lowest in energy and the ΔH's among all conformers of α2, α3 and α5, as well as calculations of transitions energies of the α-oligothiophenes. We have shown that the (l) 1Bu state is the lowest singlet state for all α2−α7 in any solvent, in contradiction to previous predictions for the higher members. Based on absorption and fluorescence data and calculations of atomic charges in S0 and S1, the ground state is twisted while the excited state is planar (quinoidal-like). Significant charge transfer occurs between S0 and S1 but not S0 and T1. For all α2−α7, φIC is small, k0F is approximately constant while kISC decreases significantly from α2 to α7. The decrease is kISC is believed to arise from a decrease in matrix elements of the type 〈1ΨCT|H‘|3Ψ1〉. The essential lack of phosphorescence is assigned as originating from inter-ring twisting mode coupling between T1 and S0. Triplet energy transfer to 3O2 to produce 1O2 is highly efficient for α2−α5. Based on all data, the first αn representative of α-polythiophene is α5.
Percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration: a review (1989)

Percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration: a reviewLM Perlmutt, WW Johnston and NR DunnickAudio Available | Share
Line fibers for new transmission windows (2002)

The potential transmission bandwidth of optical fiber is very large (1300 nm-1700 nm). Apart from the classical C-band, optical transmissions can use the O, E, S, L and U bands. This paper reviews the enabling parameters required for the line fiber to open these new windows.
Lensless coded aperture imaging with separable doubly Toeplitz masks (2014)

In certain imaging applications, conventional lens technology is constrained by the lack of materials which can effectively focus the radiation within reasonable weight and volume. One solution is to use coded apertures –opaque plates perforated with multiple pinhole-like openings. If the openings are arranged in an appropriate pattern, the images can be decoded, and a clear image computed. Recently, computational imaging and the search for means of producing programmable software-defined optics have revived interest in coded apertures. The former state-of-the-art masks, MURAs (Modified Uniformly Redundant Arrays) are effective for compact objects against uniform backgrounds, but have substantial drawbacks for extended scenes: 1) MURAs present an inherently ill-posed inversion problem that is unmanageable for large images, and 2) they are susceptible to diffraction: a diffracted MURA is no longer a MURA. This paper presents a new class of coded apertures, Separable Doubly-Toeplitz masks, which are efficiently decodable, even for very large images –orders of magnitude faster than MURAs, and which remain decodable when diffracted. We implemented the masks using programmable spatial-lightmodulators. Imaging experiments confirmed the effectiveness of Separable Doubly-Toeplitz masks - images collected in natural light of extended outdoor scenes are rendered clearly.
Valorization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit processing by-products and wastes using bioprocess technology – Review (2013)

The date palm Phoenix dactylifera has played an important role in the day-to-day life of the people for the last 7000 years. Today worldwide production, utilization and industrialization of dates are continuously increasing since date fruits have earned great importance in human nutrition owing to their rich content of essential nutrients. Tons of date palm fruit wastes are discarded daily by the date processing industries leading to environmental problems. Wastes such as date pits represent an average of 10% of the date fruits. Thus, there is an urgent need to find suitable applications for this waste. In spite of several studies on date palm cultivation, their utilization and scope for utilizing date fruit in therapeutic applications, very few reviews are available and they are limited to the chemistry and pharmacology of the date fruits and phytochemical composition, nutritional significance and potential health benefits of date fruit consumption. In this context, in the present review the prospects of valorization of these date fruit processing by-products and wastes' employing fermentation and enzyme processing technologies towards total utilization of this valuable commodity for the production of biofuels, biopolymers, biosurfactants, organic acids, antibiotics, industrial enzymes and other possible industrial chemicals are discussed.
Acquired heterosubtypic antibodies in human immunity for avian H5N1 influenza (2009)

Well understood are the adaptive and dramatic neutralizing homosubtypic antibody responses to hypervariable, immunodominant sites of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of individual influenza strains. These define influenza subtypes and vaccines modelled upon their HA and NA antigens provide seasonal neutralizing antibody protection against subsequent exposure to the strain and its close relatives, but give little if any protection against antigenically drifted or shifted strains. Contrasting to this is a different form of acquired antibody response, called heterosubtypic immunity. This provides a more seasoned adaptive antibody response to immune-recessive epitopes that are highly-conserved amongst strains. Although, such responses are of lower individual amplitudes than seasonal mechanisms they are active across influenza subtypes, and may give pre-emptive protection against new strains yet to emerge. Heterosubtypic immunities have been well studied in animals, but surprisingly there is minimal evidence for this type of antibody immunity in humans. Thus championed is the notion that seasoned humoral responses can through repeated exposure to sites widely conserved across different strains, cumulatively provide humans with a level of broad protection against emergent novel strains, such as H5N1, that is not afforded by seasonal humoral responses.
Imaging of Sound Speed Using Reflection Ultrasound Tomography (2012)

An automated breast scanner offers the potential to make consistent automated tomographic images of breast backscatter, sound speed, and attenuation, potentially improving diagnosis, particularly in dense breasts.
Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling modulates apoptosis via p38α MAPK-dependent activation of Bax in intestinal epithelial cells (2007)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the proapoptotic protein Bax plays an important role in the elevated enterocyte apoptosis that occurs during the intestinal adaptation response to massive small bowel resection (SBR). Additionally, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation prevents SBR-induced enterocyte apoptosis. The present study aims to delineate the relationship between EGFR activity and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. Treatment of model intestinal epithelial cells (RIEC-18) with both a selective EGFR inhibitor (ZD1839) and EGFR small interfering RNA knockdown resulted in a dramatic increase in apoptosis, accompanied by rapid phosphorylation of p38α. Concurrently, Bax underwent conformational changes consistent with activation and translocated to mitochondria. In contrast, EGF stimulation enhanced cell survival by attenuating p38α phosphorylation, Bax conformational change, mitochondrial trafficking, and apoptosis. These results demonstrate that that diminished EGFR activity initiates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis through p38α-dependent Bax activation in intestinal epithelial cells. These finding provide mechanistic insight into the role that EGFR signaling plays in the regulation of enterocyte apoptosis following massive intestinal loss.
Treading new water with a fully automatic sewer inspection system (2010)

The Damage Detection System, the SEK, developed by the Fraunhofer IFF on behalf of the Emschergenossenschaft uses a multi-sensory approach for a high-resolution inspection of sewers. In addition to developing innovative hardware and sensor systems, it was necessary to develop a new software interface to assist the operator in viewing and analyzing the inspection data. Modern image processing techniques have been applied to the tasks of creating an augmented 3D virtual-reality reconstruction of the sewer pipe and for automatic detection of various types of damage.
Bromocriptine in traumatic brain injury (2006)

The authors report the case of a 63-year-old patient with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) associated with Parkinson's syndrome, whose performances were dramatically improved by bromocriptine therapy, with an improvement of the scores, not only on tests evaluating motor functions but also on tests evaluating the patient's cognitive functions. However, no improvement was observed with levodopa.
Graph-based prediction of Protein-protein interactions with attributed signed graph embedding (2020)

Here, we introduce signed variational graph auto-encoder (S-VGAE), an improved graph representation learning method, to automatically learn to encode graph structure into low-dimensional embeddings. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other existing sequence-based methods on several datasets. We also prove the robustness of our model for very sparse networks and the generalization for a new dataset that consists of four datasets: HPRD, E.coli, C.elegan, and Drosophila.