gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure Ultrafast Data Communication and Processing (2002)

Ultrafast data communication and processing systems that use ultrashort pulses allow data transfer rates faster than 1 Tbit/s without conversion to electronic signals. Spatiotemporal converters based on spectral holography are a key to the successful implementation of such systems. To send large amounts of data at ultrafast transfer rates, high-capacity data-storage systems that can operate at equally high rates of speed are also required. Holographic memo-ries can serve as an interface in ultrafast data communication, while optical encryption techniques can be used to ensure the security of the transmitted data.
Production of metal oxide nanoparticles (2007)

Particles having at least regions of at least one metal oxide having nano-sized grains are produced by providing particles of a material having an initial, nonequiaxed particle shape, prepg. a mixt. of these particles and at last one metal oxide precursor, and treating the mixt. such that the precursor reacts with the particles. The process can be a co-pptn. process, sol-gel synthesis, micro-emulsion method, surfactant-based process, or a process that uses polymers. Complex metal oxide nanoparticles are produced by (a) prepg. a soln. contg. metal cations, (b) mixing the soln. with a surfactant to form micelles within the soln., and (c) heating the micellar liq. to form metal oxide and to remove the surfactant. The formed metal oxide particles have essentially the same morphol. (particle size and shape) as the initial morphol. of the material particles provided. [on SciFinder(R)]
Development and initial characterization of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen composite shape-memory hydrogel for nucleus pulposus regeneration (2014)

Nucleus pulposus (NP) is a resilient and hydrophilic tissue which plays a significant role in the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD). Destruction of the NP extracellular matrix (ECM) is observed during the early stages of IVD degeneration. Herein, we describe the development and initial characterization of a novel biomaterial which attempts to recreate the resilient and hydrophilic nature of the NP via the construction of a chemically stabilized elastin-glycosaminoglycan-collagen (EGC) composite hydrogel. Results demonstrated that a resilient, hydrophilic hydrogel which displays a unique "shape-memory" sponge characteristic could be formed from a blend of soluble elastin aggregates, chondroitin-6-sulfate, hyaluronic acid and collagen following freeze-drying, stabilization with a carbodiimide and penta-galloyl glucose-based fixative, and subsequent partial degradation with glycosaminoglycan degrading enzymes. The resultant material exhibited the ability to restore its original dimensions and water content following multi-cycle mechanical compression and illustrated resistance to accelerated enzymatic degradation. Preliminary in vitro studies utilizing human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) demonstrated that the material was cytocompatible and supported differentiation towards an NP cell-like phenotype. In vivo biocompatibility studies illustrated host cell infiltration and evidence of active remodeling following 4 weeks of implantation. Feasibility studies demonstrated that the EGC hydrogel could be delivered via minimally invasive methods.
Hollow Cathode With Low Work Function Electride Insert (2011)

Hollow cathodes are critical devices in the successful operation of electric propulsion thrusters. Cathodes featuring C12A7:electride as an ultra-low work function thermionic emitter are hypothesized to have faster start-up times and lower operating temperatures than conventional hollow cathodes. C12A7:electride is a crystalline ceramic in which electrons clathrated in sub-nanometer sized cages act as a conductive medium. Due to its unique atomic structure and large size, C12A7:electride has a predicted work function of 0.6 eV. As a result, C12A7:electride is an attractive option for a thermionic emission material in a hollow cathode. Calculations predict equivalent levels of current emission as LaB6 or CeB6, but at much lower temperature. C12A7:electride is stable at temperatures below its re-crystallization temperature (∼1000 °C) and is not consumed during operation. C12A7:electride has been fabricated at CSU using a simplified, one-step approach that results in a more conductive material than previously reported. The material has been integrated into a novel hollow cathode design that takes advantage of its unique properties to decrease start-up time and power consumption. Our paper will discuss preliminary results obtained with several cathode configurations. In addition, results from the experimental determination of basic material properties such as conductivity and work function will be presented. Strategies to further enhance electron emission through surface modifications will also be discussed.
Smart lighting control with workspace and ceiling sensors (2016)

We consider energy-efficient indoor lighting control for adapting to daylight and user presence changes. Light sensors located at ceiling luminaires and at workspace desks are used to provide illumination information feedback, along with user presence information from occupancy sensors at ceiling luminaires, to a lighting controller. The light sensors at the workspace transmit information at a lower update rate than the sensors at the ceiling. Using this sensing information, we propose a control method to adapt the dimming levels of the luminaires such that desired illumination levels are achieved at the workspace level. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in an office lighting testbed.
Effect of Silicon and Sodium on Thermoelectric Properties of Thallium-Doped Lead Telluride-Based Materials (2012)

Thallium (Tl)-doped lead telluride (Tl(0.02)Pb(0.98)Te) thermoelectric materials fabricated by ball milling and hot pressing have decent thermoelectric properties but weak mechanical strength. Addition of silicon (Si) nanoparticles strengthened the mechanical property by reducing the grain size and defect density but resulted in low electrical conductivity that was not desired for any thermoelectric materials. Fortunately, doping of sodium (Na) into the Si added Tl(0.02)Pb(0.98)Te brings back the high electrical conductivity and yields higher figure-of-merit ZT values of ∼1.7 at 770 K. The ZT improvement by Si addition and Na doping in Tl(0.02)Pb(0.98)Te sample is the direct result of concurrent electron and phonon engineering by improving the power factor and lowering the thermal conductivity, respectively.
Abstract LB-218: Role of ERBB family negative regulator Mig6 in estimating erlotinib responsiveness. (2013)

Abstract The sensitivity of some tumors to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can be explained by the presence of EGFR tyrosine kinase (TK) domain mutations. However, such mutations are rare and the clinical benefit of a subset of patients with wild-type EGFR may be underestimated due to the lack of appropriate predictive markers to stratify them from larger number of patients who do not response. In this study we sought to elucidate mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in tumors that harbor no TK sensitizing mutations in order to identify markers capable of guiding the decision to incorporate these drugs into chemotherapeutic regimens. Here we show that mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig6), a negative regulator of EGFR, was selectively upregulated by the PI3K-AKT pathway during the evolution of resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib, resulting in decreased EGFR phosporylation. Moreover, we found that high Mig6/EGFR ratio was highly correlated with erlotinib sensitivity, AKT activity, loss of PTEN and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status in the panel of 20 lung and head and neck cancer cell lines. Since depletion of Mig6 in erlotinib resistant cell lines didn't render significant increase in drug sensitivity and did not affect AKT activity, we tested whether in resistant cells, activation of kinases other then ERBB family can sustain high level of AKT activation thus suspending erlotinib sensitivity in Mig6-depleted cells. Surprisingly, we found that despite significant deactivation of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 kinases in erlotinib resistant cell lines, activation of PDGFR, FGFR, VEGFR, IGFR or FAK kinases was upregulated in these cells. Here we show that combined treatment with erlotinib and regorafinib (a novel multi-target inhibitor for VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR, Kit, RET and Raf-1) markedly enhances erlotinib-induced growth inhibition in erlotinib-resistant cells. Collectively, our data highlights the importance of Mig6 in estimating erlotinib responsiveness. Furthermore, our data suggests that by inhibiting EGFR activity in sensitive neoplastic cells, elevated expression of Mig6 triggers acquisition of alternative growth factor pathways that can sustain high level of AKT activity, thus further promoting erlotinib resistance. Citation Format: Eugene Izumchenko, Xiofei Chang, David Sidransky. Role of ERBB family negative regulator Mig6 in estimating erlotinib responsiveness. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-218. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-218
Temperature effect on mechanical properties of toughened silicone resins (2005)

Abstract The temperature dependence of mechanical properties of two families of toughened silicone resins was investigated. The first family was representative of hydrosilylation reaction curable silicone resins, and the second representative of condensation reaction curable ones. The hydrosilylation curable resin was cross‐linked with a variety of cross‐linkers, including 1,4‐bis(dimethylsilyl) benzene, 1,1,3,3,5,5,‐hexamethyltrisiloxane, diphenylsilane, and their mixtures. The condensation reaction curable resin and its toughened versions were cross‐linked by silanol condensation. Properties studied included flexural strength, flexural modulus, and fracture toughness K Ic . Temperature effect on these properties of the first family of resins was substantial and varied strongly with the type of cross‐linkers. For this family of resins the flexural strength and modulus decreased with a rising temperature. Fracture toughness K Ic showed a peaking behavior with the peak appearing at approximately 62°C below the α transition peak. This was explained by the effect of the plastic zone size, and the effect of the network resistance to plastic deformation. The second family of resins also showed decreases in modulus and strength with a higher testing temperature, but the fracture toughness changed little with temperature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1522–1531, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Topic initiator detection on the world wide web (2010)

In this paper we introduce a new Web mining and search technique - Topic Initiator Detection (TID) on the Web. Given a topic query on the Internet and the resulting collection of time-stamped web documents which contain the query keywords, the task of TID is to automatically return which web document (or its author) initiated the topic or was the first to discuss about the topic.
Optical Broadband Angular Selectivity (2014)

Light selection based purely on the angle of propagation is a long-standing scientific challenge. In angularly selective systems, however, the transmission of light usually also depends on the light frequency. We tailored the overlap of the band gaps of multiple one-dimensional photonic crystals, each with a different periodicity, in such a way as to preserve the characteristic Brewster modes across a broadband spectrum. We provide theory as well as an experimental realization with an all-visible spectrum, p-polarized angularly selective material system. Our method enables transparency throughout the visible spectrum at one angle--the generalized Brewster angle--and reflection at every other viewing angle.
Enhanced third harmonic generation from the epsilon-near-zero modes of ultrathin films (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate efficient third harmonic generation from an indium tin oxide nanofilm (λ/42 thick) on a glass substrate for a pump wavelength of 1.4 μm. A conversion efficiency of 3.3 × 10−6 is achieved by exploiting the field enhancement properties of the epsilon-near-zero mode with an enhancement factor of 200. This nanoscale frequency conversion method is applicable to other plasmonic materials and reststrahlen materials in proximity of the longitudinal optical phonon frequencies.
Sign Recognition using Depth Image Streams. (2006)

A set of techniques is presented for extracting essential shape information from image sequences. Presented methods are (i) human detection, (ii) human body parts detection, and (iii) hand shape analysis, all based on depth image streams. In particular, representative types of hand shapes used in Japanese sign language (JSL) are recognized in a non-intrusive manner with a high recognition rate. An experimental JSL recognition system is built that can recognize over 100 words by using an active sensing hardware to capture a stream of depth images at a video rate. Experimental results are shown to validate our approach and characteristics of our approach are discussed.
Sample-based synthesis of talking heads (2002)

Synthesizing photo-realistic talking heads is a challenging problem, and so far all attempts using conventional computer graphics produced heads with a distinctly synthetic look. In order to look credible, a head must show a picture-perfect appearance, natural head movements, and good lip-sound synchronization. We use sample-based graphics to achieve more photo-realistic appearances than what is possible with the traditional approach of 3D modeling and texture mapping. For sample-based graphics, first parts of faces are cut from recorded images and are scored in a database. New sequences are then synthesized by integrating such parts into whole faces. With sufficient recorded data this approach produces by far the most naturally looking speech articulation. We integrate 3D modeling with the sample-based technique in order to enhance its flexibility. This allows, for example, showing the head over a much wider range of orientations.
Fractionation of Serum Transcobalamins on Charged Cellulose Filters (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P> The <i>European Working Conditions Survey</i> (EWCS) is conducted by Eurofound (the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions). Since its launch in 1990, the EWCS has provided an overview of working conditions in Europe. The main objectives of the survey are to: <ul><li>assess and quantify working conditions of both employees and the self-employed across Europe on a harmonised basis;</li><li>analyse relationships between different aspects of working conditions;</li><li>identify groups at risk and issues of concern as well as of progress;</li><li>monitor trends by providing homogeneous indicators on these issues; and</li><li>contribute to European policy development in particular on quality of work and employment issues.</li></ul> Themes covered include employment status, working time duration and organisation, work organisation, learning and training, physical and psychosocial risk factors, health and safety, work-life balance, worker participation, earnings and financial security, as well as work and health.<br> The EWCS paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. Its findings highlight actions for policy actors to help them address the challenges facing Europe today. The EWCS is generally conducted once every five years, although an extra wave was conducted in 2001 to cover the new acceding and candidate EU countries. The survey is based on a questionnaire which is administered face-to-face to a random sample of 'persons in employment' (i.e. employees and the self-employed), representative of the working population in each EU country. An integrated dataset is also available (see SN 7363) which combines data from the first five waves of the survey in one file.<br> <br> Before working with the EWCS data, users are recommended to read the latest supplementary supporting documentation on the Eurofound <a href="http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys" title="European Working Conditions Survey" target="_blank">European Working Conditions Survey</a> webpages. Further information about the series can be found there, including methodological information, technical reports and reports on translation, sampling implementation, sampling evaluation and weighting, coding, quality control, quality assurance and other publications.<br> <br>
Enhancement of Bik antitumor effect by Bik mutants. (2003)

Bik was initially identified as a BH3-domain-only protein that interacts with E1B 19K. Although systemically administered wild-type Bik significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic nude mouse model, the proapoptotic potency of Bik can be modulated by posttranslational phosphorylation. Here, we found that Bik mutants, in which threonine 33 and/or serine 35 were changed to aspartic acid to mimic the phosphorylation at these two residues, enhanced their binding affinity with the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-X(L) and Bcl-2 and were more potent than wild-type Bik in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation in various human cancer cells. Bik mutants also suppressed tumorigenicity and tumor-taking rate in a mouse ex vivo model. Moreover, Bik mutant-liposome complexes inhibited tumor growth and prolonged life span more effectively than the wild-type Bik-liposome complex in an in vivo orthotopic animal model. Thus, our results demonstrate that Bik mutant genes, more potent than wild-type Bik, induce cell death and suggest that their inhibition on the growth of various cancers should be explored further.
<title>Optical techniques for diagnosis of cervical precancers: a comparison of Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies</title> (1995)

In vivo fluorescence measurements were followed by in vitro NIR Raman measurements on 36 human cervical biopsies, 18 with suspected cervical dysplasia. Fluorescence spectra collected at 337 and 460 nm excitation were used to develop a diagnostic algorithm to differentiate between normal and dysplastic tissues. Using a fluorescence algorithm optimized on another much larger data set, a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 67% were observed for differentiating squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) from all other tissues for the 36 samples. In general, inflammation and metaplasia samples were misclassified at SILs in the larger sample set. A sensitivity and specificity of 57% and 100% were achieved for differentiating high grade from low grade SILs using a second fluorescence algorithm developed with a larger sample set. Using Raman scattering peaks observed at 626 and 1070 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, SILs could be separated from other tissues with a sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 100% in an algorithm optimized on the data set consisting of the 36 samples from this study. In addition, inflammation and metaplasia samples are correctly separated from the SILs. The band at 1656 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> could differentiate both SILs from all other tissues as well as high grade from low grade lesions with a sensitivity of 91% and 88% and specificity of 86% and 100%, again using an algorithm optimized on the set of 36 samples. However, these encouraging results must be considered preliminary because of the small sample size. Performance of the fluorescence algorithm to differentiate SILs from squamous normals (sensitivity equals 84%, specificity equals 82%) was higher than was observed with a smaller data set when tested retrospectively on a larger prediction set of 237 samples.
A study of a vehicle ground speed sensor using the ultrasonic wave doppler effect (1991)

The Doppler effect is composed of two phenomena, the propagation in the air and the reflection from the road surface of the ultrasonic wave signal. A detailed investigation was made of the relation between these two phenomena and the S/N and frequency bandwidth of the Doppler signal. It was clarified that the best transmission conditions were achieved with a wavelength of 3 mm and a directivity angle of 5 deg. The best reception condition was attained with a new method for sensing the Doppler signal. This method involves setting the reception frequency at a level determined by the optimum transmission conditions.
Spread spectrum for commercial communications (1991)

The authors describe how spread spectrum operates and explain why the FCC has allocated several spectral bands for spread spectrum. They examine what is wrong with the spectrum allocations the way they are now. They show who is using and will use spread spectrum and why. In particular, they discuss the use of spread spectrum for mobile cellular communications: the personal communications network; digital stereo; alarms; sports applications; communications in the stock exchange; police radars, radios, and covert communications, and amateur radio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design approach for multi-line narrowband-pass filters (1992)

The simplest narrowband-pass filter is a thin-film Fabry-Perot cavity consisting of a quarterwave stack with a central layer being a multiple halfwave, as shown in Fig.1. Such cavities can have a series of pass bands if the reflectance bands are broad enough and the spacer layer is thick enough. Such pass bands are uniformly spaced in wavenumber. The need sometimes arises for a multi-line narrowband-pass filter in which the wavelengths of the pass bands are not uniformly spaced.
Phototunable Thermoplastic Elastomer Hydrogel Networks (2017)

Thermoplastic elastomer hydrogel networks, based on swelling of nanostructured blends of amphiphilic, sphere-forming AB diblock and ABA triblock copolymers, provide direct access to thermally processable plastics that exhibit exceptional elastic recovery and fatigue resistance even after hydration. In such two-component systems, the ratio of ABA triblock copolymer to AB diblock copolymer is used to control the resultant swelling ratio, system modulus, and overall mechanical response. In this report, we introduce a simplified one-component alternative which exploits a single-component, photoreactive AB diblock copolymer precursor to controllably generate ABA triblock copolymer in situ during melt-processing. This was accomplished using efficient photoinduced [4 + 4] cycloaddition (λ = 365 nm) between terminal anthracene units on a ω-anthracenylpolystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer precursor (SO-anth, fPS = 0.13, Mn = 70 100 g mol–1) to produce the desired amount of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (SOS) triblock copolymer. The amount of SOS triblock copolymer formed was tunable (from 11.7 to 45 mol %) using UV exposure time (2 to 20 min, ∼30 mW cm–2), giving direct control over swelling and mechanical properties in the resultant hydrogels produced upon subsequent vitrification of the melt sample followed by addition of water. Hydrogels produced in this manner were found to exhibit dynamic shear moduli and shape preservation characteristics typical of preblended, two-component SO/SOS TPE hydrogels of similar SOS concentrations.