gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new VoIP adaptive playout algorithm (2004)

A novel playout algorithm for VoIP applications is presented. The playout times of voice packets are calculated using adaptive estimation of network delays. In contrast to previous solutions, the weighting factor that controls the estimation process is dynamically adjusted according to the observed delay variations. This results in higher-quality estimates of network delays. With this algorithm, the trade-off between buffering delay and late packet loss at the receiver is significantly improved. Experimental results show that the new algorithm can achieve higher subjective call quality than the basic adaptive algorithm, as measured by the ITU-T E-model methodology.
Selective layer disordering in intersubband Al<sub>0.028</sub>Ga<sub>0.972</sub>N/AlN superlattices with silicon nitride capping layer (2015)

Selective layer disordering in an intersubband Al 0.028 Ga 0.972 N/AlN superlattice using a silicon nitride (SiN x ) capping layer is demonstrated. The SiN x capped superlattice exhibits suppressed layer disordering under high-temperature annealing. Additionally, the rate of layer disordering is reduced with increased SiN x thickness. The layer disordering is caused by Si diffusion, and the SiN x layer inhibits vacancy formation at the crystal surface and ultimately, the movement of Al and Ga atoms across the heterointerfaces. Patterning of the SiN x layer results in selective layer disordering, an attractive method to integrate active and passive III-nitride-based intersubband devices.
Vinylidene Fluoride Polymers (2001)

Abstract Poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, [CH 2 CF 2 ] n , is the addition polymer of vinylidene fluoride, VDF, CH 2 CF 2 . It has achieved a high level of usage during the past 40 years based upon the excellent resistance to chemicals, weathering elements, and oxidants, as well as for special properties such as piezoelectric characteristics and fire resistance. It is a tough, high temperature thermoplastic finding use, eg, in super heated steam environments. It may be fabricated by a variety of techniques, including solvent‐based or water‐based dispersion processes as well as typical melt extrusion and radiation cross‐linking processes. It is available from a variety of manufacturers. Copolymerization technology has produced thermoplastic resins with excellent flexibility.
GORDIAN: VLSI placement by quadratic programming and slicing optimization (1991)

The authors present a placement method for cell-based layout styles. It is composed of alternating and interacting global optimization and partitioning steps that are followed by an optimization of the area utilization. Methods using the divide-and-conquer paradigm usually lose the global view by generating smaller and smaller subproblems. In contrast, GORDIAN maintains the simultaneous treatment of all cells over all global optimization steps, thereby considering constraints that reflect the current dissection of the circuit. The global optimizations are performed by solving quadratic programming problems that possess unique global minima. Improved partitioning schemes for the stepwise refinement of the placement are introduced. The area utilization is optimized by an exhaustive slicing procedure. The placement method is applied to real-world problems, and excellent results in terms of placement quality and computation time are obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unobtrusive <italic>In Situ</italic> Diagnostics of Filament-Fed Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (2018)

Build defects, such as nozzle clogging and thermal substrate deformation, are common in material extrusion additive manufacturing technologies, and are difficult to detect because of the high-temperature environment of fused deposition modeling (FDM) machines that do not accommodate internal sensors. To overcome this difficulty, this paper integrated an external sensor to monitor the supply current of the motor that fed filament into an extrusion head. This paper describes the investigation of the relationship between the deposition status and the reaction torque on the filament-feed motor. A dynamic model of the internal operation of the FDM extrusion head was developed and used to infer printing defects. The change in reaction force opposing extrusion was indirectly measured by monitoring the current delivered to the filament-feed motor, and consequently, the use of other sensors in the high-temperature chamber was avoided. An analysis of the supply current, in both time and frequency domains, enabled the detection of defects during material deposition.
Very-Fast Timing Performance of InGaAs/InAlAs Single Photon Avalanche Diode with Dual Multiplication Layers (2020)

We present novel InGaAs/InAlAs single photon avalanche diodes with dual multiplication layers, large active diameters (240µm), high detection efficiency (32%), record small jitter (35ps), and low afterpulsing (<1% at 2µs hold-off time) at nearly 200K.
Multiple simultaneous acoustic source localization in urban terrain (2005)

Experiences developing a sensor network-based acoustic shooter localization system are presented. The system is able to localize the position of a shooter and the trajectory of the projectile using observed acoustic events, such as the muzzle blast and the ballistic shockwave. The network consists of a large number of cheap sensors communicating through an ad-hoc wireless network, which enables the system to resolve multiple simultaneous acoustic sources, eliminate multipath effects, tolerate multiple sensor failures while providing good coverage and high accuracy, even in such challenging environment as urban terrain. The paper describes the hardware and software platform developed for this application and summarizes the lessons learned during the development of the system.
Fine tuning the structure of unsymmetrical squaraine dyes towards the development of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (2011)

Creation of molecular asymmetry in the organic sensitizing dyes has been demonstrated for enhancing the photoconversion efficiency due to unidirectional flow of electron after the photoexcitation. Molecular structures for direct indole ring carboxy-functionalized unsymmetrical squaraine dyes have been optimized by fine tuning the molecular structures and judicious selection of the substituents to prevent the dye aggregation and electron recombination. Best efficiency of 4.42 % was achieved for unsymmetrical squaraine dye SQ-64 with a short circuit current density of 11.22 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 0.61 and an open circuit voltage of 0.64 V under standard AM 1.5 simulated solar irradiation.
Embedded SRAM ring oscillator for in-situ measurement of NBTI and PBTI degradation in CMOS 6T SRAM array (2012)

One of the major reliability concerns in nano-scale CMOS VLSI design is the time-dependent Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) degradation. Negative Bias Temperature Instability and Positive Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI and PBTI) weaken MOSFETs over usage/stress time. We present an embedded 6T SRAM ring oscillator structure which provides in-situ measurement/characterization capability of cell transistor degradation induced by bias temperature instability. The viability of the embedded ring oscillator odometer and the impact of bias temperature instability are demonstrated in 55nm standard performance CMOS technology.
Design of Low-Density Parity-Check Codes for Modulation and Detection (2004)

A coding and modulation technique is studied where the coded bits of an irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) code are passed directly to a modulator. At the receiver, the variable nodes of the LDPC decoder graph are connected to detector nodes, and iterative decoding is accomplished by viewing the variable and detector nodes as one decoder. The code is optimized by performing a curve fitting on extrinsic information transfer charts. Design examples are given for additive white Gaussian noise channels, as well as multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels where the receiver, but not the transmitter, knows the channel. For the MIMO channels, the technique operates within 1.25 dB of capacity for various antenna configurations, and thereby outperforms a scheme employing a parallel concatenated (turbo) code by wide margins when there are more transmit than receive antennas.
Acquisition and processing of simultaneous vibroseis data (2009)

ABSTRACT Numerous methods have been developed in the past three decades to speed up vibroseis acquisition. This paper gives an overview of the most promising ones and proposes a classification of them into three categories: simultaneous shooting, cascaded sweeps and slip‐sweep. The principles upon which these methods are based, the processing techniques developed to separate the simultaneously acquired data and their main features are also discussed. Finally, some criteria for the selection of the most suitable methods for the acquisition and the separation stages are proposed.
Authentication of digital video evidence (2003)

In response to a requirement from the United States Postal Inspection Service, the Technical Support Working Group tasked The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) to develop a technique tha will ensure the authenticity, or integrity, of digital video (DV). Verifiable integrity is needed if DV evidence is to withstand a challenge to its admissibility in court on the grounds that it can be easily edited. Specifically, the verification technique must detect additions, deletions, or modifications to DV and satisfy the two-part criteria pertaining to scientific evidence as articulated in Daubert et al. v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., 43 F3d (9th Circuit, 1995). JHU/APL has developed a prototype digital video authenticator (DVA) that generates digital signatures based on public key cryptography at the frame level of the DV. Signature generation and recording is accomplished at the same time as DV is recorded by the camcorder. Throughput supports the consumer-grade camcorder data rate of 25 Mbps. The DVA software is implemented on a commercial laptop computer, which is connected to a commercial digital camcorder via the IEEE-1394 serial interface. A security token provides agent identification and the interface to the public key infrastructure (PKI) that is needed for management of the public keys central to DV integrity verification.
Purification and characterization of an alpha-glucosidase from a hyperthermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus furiosus, exhibiting a temperature optimum of 105 to 115 degrees C (1990)

Pyrococcus furiosus is a strictly anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaebacterium with an optimal growth temperature of about 100 degrees C. When this organism was grown in the presence of certain complex carbohydrates, the production of several amylolytic enzymes was noted. These enzymes included an alpha-glucosidase that was located in the cell cytoplasm. This alpha-glucosidase has been purified 310-fold and corresponded to a protein band of 125 kilodaltons as resolved by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme exhibited optimum activity at pH 5.0 to 6.0 and over a temperature range of 105 to 115 degrees C. Kinetic analysis conducted at 108 degrees C revealed hydrolysis of the substrates p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, maltose, and isomaltose. Trace activity was detected towards p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and no activity could be detected towards starch or sucrose. Inhibition studies conducted at 108 degrees C with PNPG as the substrate and maltose as the inhibitor yielded a Ki for maltose of 14.3 mM. Preincubation for 30 min at 98 degrees C in 100 mM dithiothreitol and 1.0 M urea had little effect on enzyme activity, whereas preincubation in 1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1.0 M guanidine hydrochloride resulted in significant loss of enzyme activity. Purified alpha-glucosidase from P. furiosus exhibited remarkable thermostability; incubation of the enzyme at 98 degrees C resulted in a half life of nearly 48 h.
Static tension test and the finite element analysis of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable (2018)

Compared to the traditional anchor cable, the constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable (constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable) has good applications in many fields of geotechnical engineering. Through the indoor static tension test, this study reveals the variation law of constant resistance, axial strain, the outer diameter of the sleeve, and the thermal effect of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables during static tension. The ANSYS software was used for the first time to establish the nonlinear thermomechanical coupling analysis model of the finite element structure of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables for the numerical calculation and analysis of static tension mechanical properties of constant resistance anchor cables. The experimental results that the average elongation of this batch of constant resistance anchor cables is 905 mm with an average elongation rate of 45.2% and an average constant resistance of 650 kN prove that constant resistance anchor cables are characterized by good constant resistance and large deformation, which can meet the requirements of deep soft rock roadway support and advanced landslide monitoring. The numerical simulation results show that the elongation of this type of anchor cables is 902 mm with an elongation rate of 45.1% and a constant resistance of 660 kN, which are basically consistent with the experimental results, indicating that numerical simulation is relatively accurate for testing the mechanical property of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables, and the combination of the indoor test and numerical simulation provides the reference for engineering practice and design optimization of constant resistance and large deformation anchor cables.
Biological Control of Whiteflies with Entomopathogenic Fungi (1992)

This paper is a review of 3 fungi (Aschersonia aleyrodis Webber, Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith that are being evaluated for the management of injurious polyphagous whiteflies and was presented as part of a conference on the potential for biological control in the Caribbean. The prospect for the utilization of biopesticides based on entomopathogenic fungi is promising. The need to develop alternatives to conventional pesticides has become apparent in recent years because two of the major whitefly pest species, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), have developed resistance to many of the insecticides used for their control.
Scalable High Performance Cross-Module Inlining (2004)

Performing inlining of routines across file boundaries is known to yield significant run-time performance improvements. In this paper, we present a scalable cross-module inlining framework that reduces the compiler's memory footprint, file thrashing, and overall compile-time. Instead of using the call-site ordering generated by the analysis phase, the transformation phase dynamically produces a new inlining order depending on the resource constraints of the system. We introduce dependences among call-sites and affinity among source files based on the inlines performed. We discuss the implementation of our technique and show how it substantially reduces compile-time and memory usage without sacrificing any run-time performance.
TH‐C‐BRA‐04: Radiation Therapy Dose Calculation Using Graphics Processing Units (2010)

Dose computation methods in radiotherapy have traditionally been developed for central processing units (CPUs). Methods used in radiation therapy treatment planning must balance clinical accuracy requirements with practical planning time limits. The first commercial 3D treatment planning systems in the early 1990s took between 5–30 minutes to compute a beam depending on the dose grid size and computation method. In the years that followed CPU performance increased with Moore's law and more reasonable dose computation speeds of several seconds to minutes were achieved. However in recent years CPUs have increased computing power with additional cores not clock speed. At the same time graphic processing units (GPUs) have evolved from fixed function devices into flexible general purpose hardware. Today general purpose GPU computing (GPGPU) has turned desktops into supercomputers and languages such as OpenCL CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) Fortran CUDA C and DirectCompute have allowed for fast GPU program development. Currently convolution/superposition algorithms are the primary computation methods used in treatment planning systems due to their combination of reasonable performance and accuracy. Monte Carlo methods are becoming more prevalent but they still have performance problems. Porting these algorithms to the GPU promises to provide a several orders of magnitude performance increase; resulting in near real‐time convolution/superposition dose computation. The implementation of these algorithms on the many‐core architecture of the GPU poses several challenges and opportunities. The first concern is dividing the algorithm up into many separate parallel processes that can be run independently of one another. The second concern is memory access patterns; for example the manually caching via shared memory the avoidance of write on write conflicts and the maximization of memory bandwidth efficiency. The third concern is how to best leverage the specific processing capabilities of the GPU such as hardware exponentials. Several approaches to implementing dose computation algorithms on the GPU will be discussed. The performance increase in these newer algorithms provides new opportunities in the way we approach treatment planning — whether it be real time treatment planning or enabling dosimetric guidance to treatment delivery. Learning Objectives; 1. To understand the architecture differences between CPU and GPU 2. To understand approaches complications and advantages to implementing pencil beam convolution/superposition algorithm and Monte Carlo algorithms on the GPU 3. To understand the implications of the performance gain on treatment planning processes
Digital electrostatic electron-beam array lithography (2002)

A concept for maskless digital electrostatically focused e-beam array direct-write lithography (DEAL) has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This concept incorporates a digitally addressable field-emission array (DAFEA) integrated into a logic and control circuit implemented as an integrated circuit. The design goal is for 3 000 000 individually addressable field-emission cathodes with a 4 μm by 8 μm pitch on a single ∼1 cm2 integrated circuit. The DAFEA design includes built-in electrostatic focusing for each emitter with feedback dose-control circuits to drive each emitter for tightly controlled electron delivery. With the electrostatic focusing, an array of ∼460 of these integrated circuits (up to 30 across by ∼23 rows deep) are suspended on a back plane ∼100 μm above a 300 mm semiconductor wafer. This arrangement could lithographically expose an entire 300 mm wafer, with 30 nm pixels, in less than 45 s, with every wafer pixel redundantly illuminated eight times allowing gray-scale edge placement. Only ∼1.5 cm of wafer motion is required for complete wafer exposure. High-speed data paths are proposed to program the patterns into the DAFEA to be written to the wafer. The DEAL concept thus requires no mask and can be extended to the 10 nm linewidth regime.
Entropy coding in video compression using probability interval partitioning (2010)

We present a novel approach to entropy coding, which provides the coding efficiency and simple probability modeling capability of arithmetic coding at the complexity level of Huffman coding. The key element of the proposed approach is a partitioning of the unit interval into a small set of probability intervals. An input sequence of discrete source symbols is mapped to a sequence of binary symbols and each of the binary symbols is assigned to one of the probability intervals. The binary symbols that are assigned to a particular probability interval are coded at a fixed probability using a simple code that maps a variable number of binary symbols to variable length codewords. The probability modeling is decoupled from the actual binary entropy coding. The coding efficiency of the probability interval partitioning entropy (PIPE) coding is comparable to that of arithmetic coding.
Multispectral Enhancement towards Digital Staining (2012)

Background : Digital staining can be considered as a special form of image enhancement wherein the concern is not only to increase the contrast between the background objects and objects of interest, but to also impart the colors that mark the objects’ unique reactions to a specific stain. In this paper, we extended the previously proposed multispectral enhancement methods such that the colors of the background pixels can also be changed. Methods : In the previous multispectral enhancement methods a shifting factor is provided to the original spectrum. To implement digital staining, a spectral transformation process is introduced prior to spectral shifting. Results : The enhancement method is applied to multispectral images of H&E stained liver tissue. The resulting digitally stained images show good correlation with the serial-section images of the tissue which are physically stained with Masson's trichrome. Conclusion : We have presented a multispectral enhancement method that can be adjusted to produce digitally stained-images. The current experimental results show the viability of the method. However, to achieve robust enhancement performance issues that arise from variations in staining conditions has to be addressed as well. This would be part of our future work.
A joint manifold leaning-based framework for heterogeneous upstream data fusion (2018)

A joint manifold learning fusion (JMLF) approach is proposed for nonlinear or mixed sensor modalities with large streams of data. The multimodal sensor data are stacked to form joint manifolds, from which the embedded low intrinsic dimensionalities are discovered for moving targets. The intrinsic low dimensionalities are mapped to resolve the target locations. The JMLF framework is tested on digital imaging and remote sensing image generation scenes with mid-wave infrared (WMIR) data augmented with distributed radio-frequency (RF) Doppler data. Eight manifold learning methods are explored to train the system with the neighborhood preserving embedding showing promise for robust target tracking using video–radio-frequency fusion. The JMLF method shows a 93% improved accuracy as compared to a standard target tracking (e.g., Kalman-filter based) approach.
Laser weld jig. [Patent application] (1980)

A system is provided for welding a workpiece along a predetermined weld line that may be of irregular shape, which includes the step of forming a lip on the workpiece to extend parallel to the weld line, and moving the workpiece by engaging the lip between a pair of rotatable members. Rotation of one of the members at a constant speed, causes the workpiece to move so that all points on the weld line sequentially pass a fixed point in space at a constant speed, so that a laser welding beam can be directed at that fixed point to form a weld along the weld line. The workpiece can include a reusable jig forming the lip, and with the jig constructed to detachably hold parts to be welded at a position wherein the weld line of the parts extends parallel to the lip on the jig.