gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable-Octave Complex Smoothing for Loudspeaker-Room Response Equalization (2008)

In this paper we present a technique for processing room responses using a variable-octave complex-domain (viz., time-domain) smoother so as to design low-order FIR equalization filters. Traditional techniques for room response processing, for equalization and other applications such as auralization, have focused on a constant-octave (e.g., 1/3 octave) using only magnitude domain smoothing of these room responses. However, recent research by Olive [7] has shown that room responses need to be processed with a high frequency resolution (e.g., 1/20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> octave), especially in the low-frequency region, to characterize discrete room modes which are distinctly audible. Using such a high-resolution at higher frequencies of the room response results in relatively long model (or equivalently filter lengths) due to the undesirable over-fitting of the model in the high-frequency region. Moreover, auditory filters have wider bandwidth (viz., lower frequency resolution) in the high-frequency part of the human hearing. Hence, the present paper proposes a variable-octave complex-domain smoothing where a lower octave smoothing is performed in the high-frequency part of the room response. Thus this paper incorporates, simultaneously, the high low-frequency resolution requirement as well as the requirement of relatively lower-resolution fitting of the room response in the high-frequency part through a perceptually motivated approach. As will be shown, using this approach, there is a significant reduction in the filter order for loudspeaker-room equalization. A proposal for (i) an overall perceptually relevant smoothing scheme and, (ii)selection of the transition frequency between high- resolution smoothing (in the low-frequency region) and low- resolution smoothing in the high-frequency region will be presented.
Aging phenotypes in cultured normal human mammary epithelial cells are correlated with decreased telomerase activity independent of telomere length (2013)

Telomere shortening did not correlate with the chronological ages of HMEC strains, whereas decreased telomerase activity correlated with age and with lineage distribution phenotypes characteristic of aging.
The HrpZ Proteins of<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>pvs.<i>syringae, glycinea,</i>and<i>tomato</i>Are Encoded by an Operon Containing<i>Yersinia ysc</i>Homologs and Elicit the Hypersensitive Response in Tomato but not Soybean (1995)

The Pseudomonas syringae pathovars are composed of host-specific plant pathogens that characteristically elicit the defense-associated hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost plants. P. s. pv. syringae 61 secretes an HR elicitor, harpinPss (HrpZPss), in a hrp-dependent manner. An internal fragment of the P. s. pv. syringae 61 hrpZ gene was used to clone the hrpZ locus from P. s. pv. glycinea race 4 (bacterial blight of soybean) and P. s. pv. tomato DC3000 (bacterial speck of tomato). DNA sequence analysis revealed that hrpZ is the second ORF in a polycistronic operon. The amino acid sequence identities of HrpZPss/HrpZPsg and HrpZPss/HrpZPst were 79 and 63%, respectively. Although none of the HrpZ proteins showed significant overall sequence similarity with other known proteins, HrpZPst contained a 24-amino acid sequence that is homologous with a region of the PopA1 elicitor protein of the tomato pathogen, Pseudomonas solanacearum GMI1000. hrpA, the upstream ORF, was highly divergent: The amino acid sequence identities of HrpAPss/HrpAPsg and HrpAPss/HrpAPst were 91 and 28%, respectively, and no HrpA sequence showed similarity to known proteins. In contrast, the predicted products of the downstream ORFs in P. s. pv. syringae and P. s. pv. tomato, hrpB, hrpC, hrpD, and hrpE showed varying levels of similarity to those of yscI, yscJ, yscK, and yscL. These are colinearly arranged genes in the virC locus of Yersinia spp., which are involved in the secretion of the Yop virulence proteins via the type III pathway. The similarity of the Ysc proteins was generally stronger in comparisons with the P. s. pv. tomato Hrp proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phase-resolved optical Doppler tomography for imaging flow dynamics in microfluidic channels (2004)

Phase-resolved optical Doppler tomography (ODT), an imaging technique based on low coherence interferometry, is presented as a tool to perform high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of fluidic flow in microchannels with high velocity sensitivity. To demonstrate ODT as a tool, electro-osmotic flow (EOF) was investigated, observing cross-sectional images of bidirectional flow within a microfluidic channel and pulsating flow when driven by a pulsed electrical field. ODT demonstrates great promise as a tool for studying the effects of microchannel surface modifications on biological sample flow and optimizing microfluidic device design.
A Formal Control Architecture for Collaborative Robotics Applications (2020)

The increasing interest in collaborative robotics applications is mainly due to the flexibility of these robots and to the possibility of saving space on the production shopfloor. On the other hand, physical collaboration is way far from being a commonly adopted practice, and most of the applications only entails a reduced level of interaction. This work addresses the problem of synchronising human and robot activities and proposes a formal control architecture to govern the execution of collaborative application requiring some degree of coordination between the human and the robot. The control architecture is then validated in a realistic collaborative assembly demonstration.
Self-Aligned Wafer-Level Integration Technology With High-Density Interconnects and Embedded Passives (2007)

This paper presents a polymer-based wafer-level integration technology suitable for integrating RF and mixed-signal circuits and systems. In this technology, disparate dies can be integrated together using a batch fabrication process. Very high density die-to-die interconnects with widths currently as small as 25 mum are implemented. To demonstrate the capabilities of this technology, a 10-GHz receiver front-end implemented in 0.18-mum CMOS technology is integrated with a high-resistivity Si substrate and embedded passives. By adjusting the input matching of the receiver using the embedded passives fabricated on the high-resistivity Si substrate, the input matching and conversion gain of the front-end receiver are improved
Nanosecond interrogation of surface plasmon resonance sensors using chirped femtosecond optical pulses (2008)

A novel interrogation technique using chirped femtosecond pulses to realize high speed SPR measurements is proposed. The scanning time can be as short as several nanoseconds. Its ability to make sensitive measurements is experimentally demonstrated.
Air‐cooling of direct‐coupled ultrasound applicators for interstitial hyperthermia and thermal coagulation (1998)

The feasibility of using air-cooling to improve the thermal penetration of direct-coupled interstitial ultrasound (US) applicators was investigated using biothermal simulations, bench experiments, phantom testing, and in vivo thermal dosimetry. Two applicator configurations using tubular US transducers were constructed and tested. The first design, intended for simultaneous thermobrachy-therapy, utilizes a 2.5 mm OD transducer with a central lumen to accommodate a radiation source from remote afterloaders. The second applicator consists of a 2.2 mm OD transducer designed for coagulative thermal therapy. Both designs provide cooling of the inner transducer surface by the counterflow of chilled air or CO2 gas through the annulus of the enclosed applicator. The average convective heat transfer (ha) associated with each applicator was determined empirically from curve-fits of radial steady-state temperatures measured in a tissue-mimicking phantom. High levels of convective heat transfer (ha > 500 W m-2 degrees C-1) were demonstrated in both designs at relatively low flow rates (< 5 L min-1). Transient and steady-state radial heating profiles were also measured in vivo (pig thigh muscle) with and without cooling. The therapeutic radius for hyperthermia (41-45 degrees C) was extended from 5-6 mm (without cooling) to 11-19 mm with air-cooling (4.8 L min-1, airflow 10 degrees C), effectively doubling and tripling the thermal penetration in vivo. Similar improvements were demonstrated at higher temperatures with the thermal coagulation applicator. Biothermal simulations, which modeled the physical, thermal, and acoustic parameters of the air-cooled applicator and surrounding tissue, were also used to investigate potential improvements in heating patterns. The simulated radial heating profiles with transducer cooling demonstrated significantly enhanced thermal penetration over the experimental range of convective transfer, and also agreed with in vivo results. These theoretical and experimental results clearly show air-cooling controls the transducer surface temperature, significantly increases thermal penetration, and produces a greater treatment volume for direct-coupled US applicators in hyperthermia and thermal coagulation.
Structural Basis for Sirtuin Activity and Inhibition (2012)

Sir2 proteins, or sirtuins, are a family of enzymes that catalyze NAD(+)-dependent deacetylation reactions and can also process ribosyltransferase, demalonylase, and desuccinylase activities. More than 40 crystal structures of sirtuins have been determined, alone or in various liganded forms. These high-resolution architectural details lay the foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of catalysis, regulation, substrate specificity, and inhibition of sirtuins. In this minireview, we summarize these structural features and discuss their implications for understanding sirtuin function.
Reduction of in vivo lung metastases by dinuclear ruthenium complexes is coupled to inhibition of in vitro tumour invasion (2004)

Mononuclear ruthenium-dmso compounds showed interesting antimetastatic properties on experimental models of solid tumours. In line with the interesting results with multinuclear platinum complexes, which proved to overcome cisplatin resistance, we thought it worthwhile to test the pharmacological properties of some dinuclear ruthenium complexes to ascertain the possible advantages due to the introduction of a second metal centre over NAMI-A and its mononuclear analogues. These compounds belong to the general formula X2[[RuCl4(dmso-S)]2(mu-L)] or [X][[RuCl4(dmso-S)](mu-L)[RuCl3(dmso-S)(dmso-O)]] where L is a nitrogen donor ligand (pyrazine; pyrimidine; 4,4'-bipyridine; 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane; 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl) ethylene; 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane) and X a counterion. We focused on parameters related to metastatic ability such as gelatinase activity, detected by zymography, and invasive potential, measured by means of a transwell chamber. These activities were correlated to the ability to inhibit tumour metastases in vivo. All dinuclear complexes, except compound D8 ([NH4]2[[RuCl4(dmso-S)]2(mu-pyz]), decrease the number of tumour cells that cross a matrigel barrier, and inhibit MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity at concentrations lower than that of NAMI-A and of other mononuclear ruthenium complexes. In vivo compounds D5 (Na2[[RuCl4(dmso-S)]2(mu-ethylbipy)]) and D7 ([NH4][[RuCl4(dmso-S)](mu-pyz)[RuCl3(dmso-S) (dmso-O)]]) show anti-metastasis activity, at two dose levels, with mild or null effect on primary tumour growth; compound D8 is the weakest active. All compounds tend to accumulate in liver and kidneys, rather than in tumour and lungs. However, compound D5, the most active in vitro on invasion and gelatinases and active in vivo on metastasis, is better concentrated in the lungs than compound D8 which is less active or inactive in vitro and in vivo. Histological analysis show liver, as well as kidney toxicities that limit in vivo activity. These data thus suggest dinuclear ruthenium complexes as promising anti-invasive agents for cancer treatment.
Identification of Babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens by using immune bovine sera and monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Three Babesia bovis merozoite surface proteins with relative molecular weights of 37,000, 42,000, and 60,000 were identified by indirect immunofluorescence of live merozoites and by immunoprecipitation of 125I-surface-labeled merozoite proteins with immune bovine sera and monoclonal antibodies. These proteins were clearly of parasite origin, as evidenced by immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled [( 35S]methionine) merozoites from cultures with specific antimerozoite monoclonal antibodies. In addition, two other proteins were identified with these methods. An 85-kilodalton protein was considered to be of parasite origin based on fluorescence reactivity with a monoclonal antibody. However, this protein was not detected after immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled parasites, and thus, the exact nature of its origin is equivocal. A fifth protein of 145 kilodaltons was detected by immunoprecipitation after metabolic labeling but was not directly apparent on the surfaces of live merozoites. Since merozoite surface proteins may be important in the induction of protective immunity, those identified here are candidates for vaccine studies.
Keyhole behaviour in high power laser welding of thick steel plates - Formation mechanism and suppression of weld defects (2003)

Full penetration laser welding of thick steel plates has been carried out using a 20 kW CO2 laser facility. Dynamic keyhole behaviour has been observed using an x-ray transmission imaging system to elucidate the formation mechanism of the porosity and hot cracking for various welding conditions. Relatively wide optimum power range to prevent the porosity can be attained when the back surface is shielded by the inert gas. However, the convex shaped weld cross-section, which is susceptible to hot cracking, is formed due to significant perturbation of the keyhole caused by the back shielding gas flow. The keyhole is stabilised without using the back shielding. However, large porosities are likely to occur near the bottom surface, since the plasma formed just below the keyhole supplies monatomic nitrogen, which can easily dissolves into the molten pool. Supersaturated nitrogen forms bubbles in the molten pool during welding and causes the porosities. A small amount of aluminium addition in the base metal is effective to prevent this type of porosity due to denitrification effect of aluminium.
Commercial applications of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (2000)

Summary form only given, as follows. Since the first demonstration of room temperature continuous wave operation about 10 years ago, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have made significant inroads into commercial realization predominantly in the area of data communications. In 1996, several companies introduced a new generation of fiber optic products based on VCSEL technology. First devices at 850 nm wavelength are now in volume production and are being used for gigabit rate, multimode fiber transceivers for the ANSI Fiber Channel and Gigabit Ethernet IEEE 802.3 standards. VCSELs offer unique advantages over their edge-emitting counterparts in several ways. These include their low-cost (LED-like) manufacturability, on wafer testability, low current operation and their array integrability. As data rates continue to increase, VCSELs (due to their small mode volume) offer the advantage of being able to provide the highest modulation bandwidth per milliamp of modulation current. We review some of the current commercial applications of VCSEls from 650 nm to 1300 nm. Applications ranging from data communications to laser printing are discussed. We also discuss some of the outstanding issues that limit the commercial use of VCSELs.
Predicting trajectories of vehicles using large-scale motion priors (2018)

We present a simple yet effective paradigm to accurately predict the future trajectories of observed vehicles in dense city environments. We equipped a large fleet of cars with cameras and performed city-scale structure-from-motion to accurately reconstruct 10M positions of their trajectories spanning over 1000h of driving.We demonstrate that this information can be used as a powerful high-fidelity prior to predict future trajectories of newly observed vehicles in the area without the need for any knowledge of road infrastructure or vehicle motion models. By relating the current position of the observed car to a large dataset of the previously exhibited motion in the area we can directly perform prediction of its future position.We evaluate our method on two large-scale data sets from San Francisco and New York City and demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement compared to a linear-motion based method. We also demonstrate that the performance naturally improves with the amount of data and ultimately yields a system that can accurately predict vehicle motion in challenging situations across extremes in traffic, time, and weather conditions.
Concise review: Clinical programs of stem cell therapies for liver and pancreas (2013)

Regenerative medicine is transitioning into clinical programs using stem/progenitor cell therapies for repair of damaged organs. We summarize those for liver and pancreas, organs that share endodermal stem cell populations, biliary tree stem cells (hBTSCs), located in peribiliary glands. They are precursors to hepatic stem/progenitors in canals of Hering and to committed progenitors in pancreatic duct glands. They give rise to maturational lineages along a radial axis within bile duct walls and a proximal-to-distal axis starting at the duodenum and ending with mature cells in the liver or pancreas. Clinical trials have been ongoing for years assessing effects of determined stem cells (fetal-liver-derived hepatic stem/progenitors) transplanted into the hepatic artery of patients with various liver diseases. Immunosuppression was not required. Control subjects, those given standard of care for a given condition, all died within a year or deteriorated in their liver functions. Subjects transplanted with 100-150 million hepatic stem/progenitor cells had improved liver functions and survival extending for several years. Full evaluations of safety and efficacy of transplants are still in progress. Determined stem cell therapies for diabetes using hBTSCs remain to be explored but are likely to occur following ongoing preclinical studies. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are being used for patients with chronic liver conditions or with diabetes. MSCs have demonstrated significant effects through paracrine signaling of trophic and immunomodulatory factors, and there is limited evidence for inefficient lineage restriction into mature parenchymal or islet cells. HSCs' effects are primarily via modulation of immune mechanisms.
Abstract 2729: Suppression of hematogenous metastasis by mouse and murine/human chimeric anti-Aggrus/podoplanin antibodies (2012)

Abstract Tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation has been known to facilitate hematogenous metastasis by increasing the arrest of tumor cell emboli in the microvasculature. We have previously established metastatic variants of cancer cells and identified Aggrus (also known as podoplanin, T1alpha, gp36) as a platelet aggregation-inducing factor expressed on the surface of highly metastatic variants. Aggrus, a type-I transmembrane sialomucin-like glycoprotein, induced platelet activation via interaction with one of its counter receptor CLEC-2 (C-type lectin-like receptor 2) expressed on platelet surface. Thus, Aggrus-induced platelet aggregation did not require any plasma components. Moreover, Aggrus has been shown to be up-regulated in many different types of cancers and to be associated with poor outcome. Thus, Aggrus must be a useful cancer specific antigen in addition to a useful therapeutic target for developing hematogenous metastasis inhibitors. In this study, we established an anti-human Aggrus monoclonal antibody, designated as P2-0, and investigated its potential as a hematogenous metastasis inhibitor. We observed that P2-0 antibody could inhibit Aggrus-CLEC-2 interaction detected by in vitro competition assay and could suppress Aggrus-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, P2-0 antibody decreased the number of Aggrus-mediated pulmonary metastatic foci in in vivo experimental mouse model. We then cloned complementarity-determining region of P2-0 antibody and generated murine/human chimeric P2-0 antibody. We revealed that chimeric P2-0 antibody retained Aggrus-neutralizing activity and inhibited the experimental pulmonary metastasis of cancer cells that endogenously expressed Aggrus on their surface. These data indicate that P2-0 antibody and its chimeric antibody are useful as inhibitors of Aggrus-mediated hematogenous metastasis and expected to be applied for the clinical examination of Aggrus-targeted cancer therapy. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Program for the Promotion of Fundamental Studies in Health Sciences of the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Japan. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2729. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2729
Fabrication of Arrays of Microlenses with Controlled Profiles Using Gray-Scale Microlens Projection Photolithography (2002)

This paper demonstrates the use of microlens projection lithography using gray-scale masks to fabricate arrays of microstructures in photoresist. In microlens projection lithography, an array of microlenses (diameter d = 1−1000 μm) reduces a common, centimeter-scale pattern in an illuminated mask to a corresponding pattern of micrometer-scale images in its image plane. The pattern of intensity projected by the array of microlenses depends on the shape and gray-level distribution of the pattern on the illuminated mask and on the shape and pattern of the lenses. The distribution of intensity in the microimages could be adjusted using gray-scale masks. After the recording of this intensity distribution in layers of photoresist and developing, the developed resist showed arrays of 3D microstructures over areas larger than 10 cm2. We used these arrays of 3D microstructures as masters and cast transparent elastomer onto them to generate complementary replicas. For a specific microlens array and a fixed light source, the profile of the 3D microstructures generated by this method depended on the pattern on the illuminated mask and on the distance of the mask from the lens array. An appropriate mask with noncircular, gray-level patterns generated arrays of 3D microstructures that acted as lenses. This technique generates arrays of noncircular microlenses over areas larger than 10 cm2 in a single exposure.
CW operation of monolithic arrays of surface-emitting folded-cavity InGaAs/AlGaAs diode lasers (1993)

A monolithic 0.84-cm/sup 2/ two-dimensional array of surface-emitting folded-cavity InGaAs/AlGaAs diode lasers was mounted junction up on a W/Cu microchannel heatsink and evaluated under continuous-wave (CW) operating conditions. Each laser in the array contained two upward-deflecting internal-cavity 45 degrees mirrors which were etched using chlorine ion-beam-assisted etching, and two top-surface facets. The CW threshold current densities of different sections of the array were <or=223 A/cm/sup 2/, while effective CW differential quantum efficiencies were >or=30%. A CW output power of over 40 W was obtained from the entire array, while a current-limited output power density of 84 W/cm/sup 2/ with an average temperature rise of approximately 30 degrees C was obtained from a quarter of the array.<<ETX>>