gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MICS: Mingling Chained Storage Combining Replication and Erasure Coding (2015)

High reliability, low space cost, and efficient read/write performance are all desirable properties for cloud storage systems. Due to the inherent conflicts, however, simultaneously achieving optimality on these properties is unrealistic. Since reliable storage is indispensable prerequisite for services with high availability, tradeoff should therefore be made between space and read/write efficiency when storage scheme is designed. N-way Replication and Erasure Coding, two extensively-used storage schemes with high reliability, adopt opposite strategies on this tradeoff issue. However, unbalanced tradeoff designs of both schemes confine their effectiveness to limited types of workloads and system requirements. To mitigate such applicability penalty, we propose MICS, a MIngling Chained Storage scheme that combines structural and functional advantages from both N-way replication and erasure coding. Qualitatively, MICS provides efficient read/write performance and high reliability at reasonably low space cost. MICS stores each object in two forms: a full copy and certain amount of erasure-coded segments. We establish dedicated read/write protocols for MICS leveraging the unique structural advantages. Moreover, MICS provides high read/write efficiency with Pipeline Random-Access Memory consistency to guarantee reasonable semantics for services users. Evaluation results demonstrate that under same fault tolerance and consistency level, MICS outperforms N-way replication and pure erasure coding in I/O throughput by up to 34.1% and 51.3% respectively. Furthermore, MICS shows superior performance stability over diverse workload conditions, in which case the standard deviation of MICS is 70.1% and 29.3% smaller than those of other two schemes.
Red-emissive Polyphenylated BODIPY Derivatives: Effect of Peripheral Phenyl Groups on the Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties (2008)

Abstract A series of red-emissive BODIPY derivatives 2–4 having five to seven phenyl groups on their periphery were synthesized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated. While the 8-phenyl-substituted derivatives only have moderate fluorescence quantum yields in solution, they can show intense red fluorescence in the PMMA films. The peripheral phenyl groups also affect the redox reversibility in cyclic voltammetry.
A photon counting pixel chip with energy windowing (2000)

A method allowing single photon counting with an additional energy information without increasing the radiation dose is presented. On a pixel chip an energy window has been realised by introducing a second discriminator with a separate counter in every pixel. Both discriminators have an independent threshold voltage and can be adjusted individually. Measurements on the noise behavior, threshold variation and threshold settings are presented.
Drum tie-down apparatus (2023)

A drum tie-down apparatus for securing drum-like containers in an upright position to a floor or platform of a transportation vehicle having spaced apart cargo tie-down points. The apparatus comprises a pair of cylindrical, hollow tube segments horizontally oriented and engageable with a drum lid adjacent opposite rim edges, flexible strap segments for connecting upper and lower central portions of the tube segments together across the drum lid and a pair of elongated flexible tie-down segments, one extending horizontally through each of the tube segments, the ends thereof being attached to said spaced apart tie-down points such that end portions of the pair of tie-down segments extend downwardly and radially outwardly from the tube segments to the tie-down points.
Adaptive Processing With Feature Extraction To Enhance The Intelligibility Of Noise-Corrupted Speech (1987)

In this paper a method is proposed to provide enhancement of the intelligibilty of speech which has been contaminated by additive noise. The method is based on the assumption that intelligibility enhancement can be achieved by making use of information directly related to speech intelligibility. A structure which provides the means to implement the method is presented and a discussion of some preliminary results obtained with the method is included.
A Study on Detection and Rules for Establishing Abnormal Financial Transaction Detection System in Securities Business Circles (2015)

Securities business circles are expected to announce None Face-ToFace Account Opening in December, 2015. Therefore, they have been introducing and advancing Fraud Detection System (FDS) that integrates log data from HTS (Home Trading system) and security system; models trading patterns; and detects and analyzes abnormal financial transactions based on the scenarios. The considering such characteristics of securities business as ordering and transferring stocks or shares, the present study proposes trading patterns specialized in the business and detection plan (decision making) after examine 4 major functions, patterns and detection of FDS.
RF SAW filter package design for wireless communications (2003)

Abstract This paper describes a new method to design a ceramic chip and wire package for an RF SAW filter. Both the solid model of the package and bond wires are included in the full‐wave analysis. A novel port configuration is used in finite‐element simulation. Agreement between measurement and simulation is found to be excellent. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 399–401, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11229
In situ generated hypoiodous acid in an efficient and heterogeneous catalytic system for the homo-oxidative coupling of thiols (2012)

Supported hydrogen peroxide on polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPH2O2), silica sulfuric acid (SiO2-OSO3H) and catalytic amounts of potassium iodide (KI) has been developed as a heterogeneous medium for the rapid oxidative coupling of thiols into symmetrical homodisulfides. This oxidizing system proceeds under extremely mild conditions and gives no other oxidized side products.
Metallothionein protects against oxidative stress-induced lysosomal destabilization (2006)

The introduction of apo-ferritin or the iron chelator DFO (desferrioxamine) conjugated to starch into the lysosomal compartment protects cells against oxidative stress, lysosomal rupture and ensuing apoptosis/necrosis by binding intralysosomal redox-active iron, thus preventing Fenton-type reactions and ensuing peroxidation of lysosomal membranes. Because up-regulation of MTs (metallothioneins) also generates enhanced cellular resistance to oxidative stress, including X-irradiation, and MTs were found to be capable of iron binding in an acidic and reducing lysosomal-like environment, we propose that these proteins might similarly stabilize lysosomes following autophagocytotic delivery to the lysosomal compartment. Here, we report that Zn-mediated MT up-regulation, assayed by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry, results in lysosomal stabilization and decreased apoptosis following oxidative stress, similar to the protection afforded by fluid-phase endocytosis of apo-ferritin or DFO. In contrast, the endocytotic uptake of an iron phosphate complex destabilized lysosomes against oxidative stress, but this was suppressed in cells with up-regulated MT. It is suggested that the resistance against oxidative stress, known to occur in MT-rich cells, may be a consequence of autophagic turnover of MT, resulting in reduced iron-catalysed intralysosomal peroxidative reactions.
Studies on the enzymology of purified preparations of brush border from rabbit kidney (1973)

1. A method for the preparation of brush border from rabbit kidneys is described. Contamination by other organelles was checked by electron microscopy and by the assay of marker enzymes and was low. 2. Seven enzymes, all hydrolases, were substantially enriched in the brush-border preparation and are considered to be primarily located in this structure. They are: alkaline phosphatase, maltase, trehalase, aminopeptidase A, aminopeptidase M, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and a neutral peptidase assayed by its ability to hydrolyse [(125)I]iodoinsulin B chain. 3. Adenosine triphosphatases were also present in the preparation, but showed lower enrichments. 4. Alkaline phosphatase was the most active phosphatase present in the preparation. The weak hydrolysis of AMP may well have been due to this enzyme rather than a specific 5'-nucleotidase. 5. The two disaccharidases in brush border were distinguished by the relative heat-stability of trehalase compared with that of maltase. 6. The individuality of the four peptidases was established by several means. The neutral peptidase and aminopeptidase M, both of which can attack insulin B chain, differed not only in response to inhibitors and activators but also in the inhibitory effect of a guinea-pig antiserum raised to rabbit aminopeptidase M. This antiserum inhibited both the purified and the brush-border activities of aminopeptidase M. The neutral peptidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were unaffected but aminopeptidase A was weakly inhibited. The characteristic responses to Ca(2+) and serine with borate served to distinguish aminopeptidase A and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from other peptidases. 7. No dipeptidases, tripeptidases or carboxypeptidases were identified as brush-border enzymes. 8. Incubation of brush border with papain released almost all the aminopeptidase M activity but only about half the activities of maltase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and aminopeptidase A. No release of alkaline phosphatase, trehalase or the neutral peptidase was observed.
<title>Bayesian approach to image recovery of closely spaced objects</title> (1993)

A technique is described for recovering positional and radiometric information on unresolved objects that are so closely spaced that their individual blur functions overlap. Emphasis is on point sources. A Bayesian Spectral Analysis method has been modified to two dimensions and applied to resolving 'clumps' of objects for both simulated and real data. The method is able to judge the amount of noise in the data and provide error bars in the individual pulse positions and amplitudes from a single data set rather than from the deviations observed after measuring many independent sets of data. The Bayesian technique can also estimate the number of discrete objects in a given clump. Noisy simulated data containing three sources was fitted by a one-, two-, three-, and four- source model. By the way it formulates the model, the Bayesian approach naturally includes a factor which reflects the reduction in the number of degrees of freedom for a model with a greater number of sources. As a result, the algorithm gives a higher probability for the three-source model than for the four-source model while resoundingly rejecting the one- and two-source models. The estimated centroids and amplitudes are shown to agree with the truth within the derived error bars to the degree expected by gaussian errors. Studies of data taken during a flight test by a sensor that measured a scene simultaneously in the visible and long-wavelength regions show that positional information derived from visible-wavelength data can be 'fused' with infrared images to derive the LWIR intensities of individual objects in a unresolved clump. The estimated LWIR intensities using the visible assist are shown to be an improvement over working with the LWIR data alone.
Power Flow Analysis and DC-Capacitor Voltage Regulation for the MMCC-DSCC (2012)

This paper discusses the power flow analysis and dc-capacitor voltage regulation for the modular multilevel cascaded converter (MMCC) based on double-star chopper cells (DSCC). This analysis reveals the relationship between the circulating current through the dc link and the mean power flowing out of or into each chopper cell. The dc component on the circulating current supplies a half of the active output power to the upper and lower strings of chopper cells, whereas the fundamental-frequency component transfers an amount of power between the upper and lower strings. Thus, the MMCC-DSCC can balance the capacitor voltages among the cells by controlling the amplitude of the fundamental-frequency component on the circulating current. A new control method based on the power flow analysis is employed, and its effectiveness is verified by circuit simulation.
Resistive Bloom Filters: From Approximate Membership to Approximate Computing with Bounded Errors (2016)

Approximate computing provides an opportunity for exploiting application characteristics to trade the accuracy for gains in energy efficiency. However, such opportunity must be able to bound the error that the system designer provides to the application developer. Space-efficient probabilistic data structure such as Bloom filter can provide one such means. Bloom filter supports approximate set membership queries with a tunable rate of false positives (i.e., errors) and no false negatives. We propose a resistive Bloom filter (ReBF) to approximate a function by tightly integrating it to a functional unit (FU) implementing the function. ReBF approximately mimics partial functionality of the FU by recalling its frequent input patterns for computational reuse. The accuracy of the target FU is guaranteed by bounding the ReBF error behavior at the design time. We further lower energy consumption of a FU by designing its ReBF using low-power memristor arrays. The experimental results show that function approximation using ReBF for five image processing kernels running on the AMD Southern Islands GPU yields on average 24.1% energy saving in 45 nm technology compared to the exact computation.
p38 MAP kinase-mediated NMDA receptor-dependent suppression of hippocampal hypersynchronicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (2014)

Hypersynchronicity of neuronal brain circuits is a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mouse models of AD expressing mutated forms of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), a central protein involved in AD pathology, show cortical hypersynchronicity. We studied hippocampal circuitry in APP23 transgenic mice using telemetric electroencephalography (EEG), at the age of onset of memory deficits. APP23 mice display spontaneous hypersynchronicity in the hippocampus including epileptiform spike trains. Furthermore, spectral contributions of hippocampal theta and gamma oscillations are compromised in APP23 mice, compared to non-transgenic controls. Using cross-frequency coupling analysis, we show that hippocampal gamma amplitude modulation by theta phase is markedly impaired in APP23 mice. Hippocampal hypersynchronicity and waveforms are differentially modulated by injection of riluzole and the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor MK801, suggesting specific involvement of voltage-gated sodium channels and NMDA receptors in hypersynchronicity thresholds in APP23 mice. Furthermore, APP23 mice show marked activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in hippocampus, and injection of MK801 but not riluzole reduces activation of p38 in the hippocampus. A p38 inhibitor induces hypersynchronicity in APP23 mice to a similar extent as MK801, thus supporting suppression of hypersynchronicity involves NMDA receptors-mediated p38 activity. In summary, we characterize components of hippocampal hypersynchronicity, waveform patterns and cross-frequency coupling in the APP23 mouse model by pharmacological modulation, furthering the understanding of epileptiform brain activity in AD.
Quantification of Viral Proteins of the Avian H7 Subtype of Influenza Virus: An Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Method Applicable for Producing more Rapid Vaccines in the Case of an Influenza Pandemic (2014)

Vaccination is the most effective means to prevent influenza and its serious complications. Influenza viral strains undergo rapid mutations of the surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) requiring vaccines to be frequently updated to include current circulating strains. It is nearly impossible to predict which strains will be circulating in the next influenza season. It is, therefore, imperative that the process of producing a vaccine be streamlined and as swift as possible. We have developed an isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) method to quantify HA and NA in H7N7, H7N2, and H7N9 influenza. The IDMS method involves enzymatic digestion of viral proteins and the specific detection of evolutionarily conserved target peptides. The four target peptides that were initially chosen for analysis of the HA protein of H7N2 and H7N7 subtypes were conserved and available for analysis of the H7N9 subtype that circulated in China in the spring of 2013. Thus, rapid response to the potential pandemic was realized. Quantification of a protein is performed by employing multiple peptides to ensure that the enzymatic digestion of the protein is efficient in the region of the target peptides, verify the accuracy of the measurement, and provide flexibility in the case of amino acid changes among newly emerging strains. The IDMS method is an accurate, sensitive, and selective method to quantify the amount of HA and NA antigens in primary liquid standards, crude allantoic fluid, purified virus samples, and final vaccine presentations.
In vitro and in vivo properties of distinct populations of amniotic fluid mesenchymal progenitor cells (2010)

Human mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are considered to be of great promise for use in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. MPCs represent multipotent adherent cells, able to give rise to multiple mesenchymal lineages such as osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes. Recently, we identified and characterized human second trimester amniotic fluid (AF) as a novel source of MPCs. Herein, we found that early colonies of AF-MPCs consisted of two morphologically distinct adherent cell types, termed as spindle-shaped (SS) and round-shaped (RS). A detailed analysis of these two populations showed that SS-AF-MPCs expressed CD90 antigen in a higher level and exhibited a greater proliferation and differentiation potential. To characterize better the molecular identity of these two populations, we have generated a comparative proteomic map of SS-AF-MPCs and RS-AF-MPCs, identifying 25 differentially expressed proteins and 10 proteins uniquely expressed in RS-AF-MPCs. Furthermore, SS-AF-MPCs exhibited significantly higher migration ability on extracellular matrices, such as fibronectin and laminin in vitro, compared to RS-AF-MPCs and thus we further evaluated SS-AF-MPCs for potential use as therapeutic tools in vivo. Therefore, we tested whether GFP-lentiviral transduced SS-AF-MPCs retained their stem cell identity, proliferation and differentiation potential. GFP-SS-AF-MPCs were then successfully delivered into immunosuppressed mice, distributed in different tissues and survived longterm in vivo. In summary, these results demonstrated that AF-MPCs consisted of at least two different MPC populations. In addition, SS-AF-MPCs, isolated based on their colony morphology and CD90 expression, represented the only MPC population that can be expanded easily in culture and used as an efficient tool for future in vivo therapeutic applications.
A non-intrusive system for measuring underground power utility cable impedance (2016)

It is shown that impedance measurements can be used to quantify transmission line damage. A device design is given for detecting the complex impedance of a transmission line at high frequencies without disrupting regular service. A complementary device is presented that simulates an open circuit at the excitation frequency at some distance from the excitation source, thus increasing the sensitivity of the impedance measurement. Experimental verification data from a prototype measurement device is presented.
Ergodic Continuous Hidden Markov Models for workload characterization (2009)

In this paper we present a novel approach for accurate characterization of the execution workload run by a computer. Usually, workload characterization is performed by measuring the type and amount of resources requested during a program execution (for instance the usage of CPU, I/O, network, etc.). The sequence of measures is then treated as a stochastic process and analyzed with statistical techniques. The novelty of our approach is that we instead use directly the sequence of memory references generated during the execution of a program. The sequences of memory references are treated as sequences of floating point numbers, and analyzed with signal processing techniques. In the feature extraction phase we use spectral analysis while in the pattern matching phase we use ergodic continuous hidden Markov models (ECHMMs). The ECHMM models estimated in an initial training phase can be used both for online workload classification of a running process and for synthetic traces generation. Several processes of the same workload are necessary to obtain an HMM model of the workload. The proposed algorithms is evaluated via trace driven simulations using the SPEC 2000 workloads. We show that ECHMMs describe address memory sequences; average classification accuracy is about 76% with eight different workloads.
Encapsulation of Molecular Hydrogen in Fullerene C <sub>60</sub> by Organic Synthesis (2005)

In spite of their importance in fundamental and applied studies, the preparation of endohedral fullerenes has relied on difficult-to-control physical methods. We report a four-step organic reaction that completely closes a 13-membered ring orifice of an open-cage fullerene. This process can be used to synthesize a fullerene C60 encapsulating molecular hydrogen, which can be isolated as a pure product. This molecular surgical method should make possible the preparation of a series of C60 fullerenes, encapsulating either small atoms or molecules, that are not accessible by conventional physical methods.
Induction of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene expression is regulated by inflammation‐responsive transcription factor SAF‐1 in osteoarthritis (2003)

The results indicate that SAF-1 is involved in the regulation of MMP1 gene expression and it is highly abundant in the articular cartilage chondrocytes of OA patients. The data also demonstrate that control of SAF-1 activity can suppress induced expression of MMP-1. Conceivably, SAF-1 could be a potential therapeutic target to control the overexpression of MMP-1 associated with the pathogenesis of OA.
Photoacclimation of Stylophora pistillata to light extremes: metabolism and calcification (2007)

The hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata has a wide bathymetric distribution (0 to 70 m). Within this range, light intensity decreases exponentially. Deep-water colonies are generally planar in morphology, with the upper part being dark and the bottom-facing part pale. Shallow-water colonies are generally subspherical and ivory in coloration. We studied the effects of photoacclimation on photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification in S. pistillata colonies along its bathymetric range over a reef profile (5 to 65 m) in Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, during winter and summer, using a submersible respirometer. Respiration rate, light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (P max ), compensation light intensity (E c ), and light intensity of incipient saturation (E k ), all decreased with depth. In contrast, the efficiency of photosynthesis () increased with depth. All colonies displayed 'lightenhanced calcification' during daytime and decreasing calcification rates with depth. These results indicate an adjustment in harvesting and utilization of light by the algal symbionts to the light environment. At all light intensities except the lowest ones, there was a consistent ratio of calcification to photosynthesis, in agreement with the concept of light-enhanced calcification. In the deepest, lowlight corals, there was no evidence for support of calcification by photosynthesis, and we assume that these colonies subsist mainly by preying on zooplankton.