gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Tip Clearance Flow Fields in Two Types of Transonic Centrifugal Compressor Impeller With Splitter Blades (2010)

Two types of transonic centrifugal compressor impeller with splitter blades, which are different in blade count, have been investigated in this study. RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) simulations were carried out for several operating conditions to clarify differences in aerodynamic performance characteristic and tip clearance flow field between the two compressors. The simulation shows that basically similar flow events happen in both compressors. A low velocity region is generated near the tip at low flow rate conditions, which results from an expansion of the tip leakage vortex. The low velocity region expands as the flow rate is decreased, and interacts with the pressure surface of the splitter blade near the leading edge. This causes a descent of the blade loading near the tip of the leading edge, and an accumulation of high entropy fluid near the casing-suction corner. Moreover, the tip clearance flow spills ahead of the leading edge of the splitter blade at near stall condition, and eventually the spillage happens at the full blade at stall condition. However, the major difference in solidity influences tip clearance flow/blade interaction, which leads to changes in the performance characteristics. In the impeller with low solidity, the tip leakage vortex breaks down with a large blockage effect because of high blade loading at the tip, which decreases the pressure ratio. The impeller with high solidity is subject to the spillage, which results in an early and large-scale stall that decreases the efficiency.
Development of tibulizumab, a tetravalent bispecific antibody targeting BAFF and IL-17A for the treatment of autoimmune disease (2019)

We describe a bispecific dual-antagonist antibody against human B cell activating factor (BAFF) and interleukin 17A (IL-17). An anti-IL-17 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from ixekizumab (Taltz®) was fused via a glycine-rich linker to anti-BAFF tabalumab. The IgG-scFv bound both BAFF and IL-17 simultaneously with identical stoichiometry as the parental mAbs. Stability studies of the initial IgG-scFv revealed chemical degradation and aggregation not observed in either parental antibody. The anti-IL-17 scFv showed a high melting temperature (<i>Tm</i>) by differential scanning calorimetry (73.1°C), but also concentration-dependent, initially reversible, protein self-association. To engineer scFv stability, three parallel approaches were taken: labile complementary-determining region (CDR) residues were replaced by stable, affinity-neutral amino acids, CDR charge distribution was balanced, and a H44-L100 interface disulfide bond was introduced. The <i>Tm</i> of the disulfide-stabilized scFv was largely unperturbed, yet it remained monodispersed at high protein concentration. Fluorescent dye binding titrations indicated reduced solvent exposure of hydrophobic residues and decreased proteolytic susceptibility was observed, both indicative of enhanced conformational stability. Superimposition of the H44-L100 scFv (PDB id: 6NOU) and ixekizumab antigen-binding fragment (PDB id: 6NOV) crystal structures revealed nearly identical orientation of the frameworks and CDR loops. The stabilized bispecific molecule LY3090106 (tibulizumab) potently antagonized both BAFF and IL-17 in cell-based and <i>in vivo</i> mouse models. In cynomolgus monkey, it suppressed B cell development and survival and remained functionally intact in circulation, with a prolonged half-life. In summary, we engineered a potent bispecific antibody targeting two key cytokines involved in human autoimmunity amenable to clinical development.
Token and Type Constraints for Cross-Lingual Part-of-Speech Tagging (2013)

We consider the construction of part-of-speech taggers for resource-poor languages. Recently, manually constructed tag dictionaries from Wiktionary and dictionaries projected via bitext have been used as type constraints to overcome the scarcity of annotated data in this setting. In this paper, we show that additional token constraints can be projected from a resource-rich source language to a resource-poor target language via word-aligned bitext. We present several models to this end; in particular a partially observed conditional random field model, where coupled token and type constraints provide a partial signal for training. Averaged across eight previously studied Indo-European languages, our model achieves a 25% relative error reduction over the prior state of the art. We further present successful results on seven additional languages from different families, empirically demonstrating the applicability of coupled token and type constraints across a diverse set of languages.
Next-generation vision testing: the quick CSF (2015)

Abstract The Contrast Sensitivity Function relates the spatial frequency and contrast of a spatial pattern to its visibility and thus provides a fundamental description of visual function. However, the current clinical standard of care typically restricts assessment to visual acuity, i.e. the smallest stimulus size that can be resolved at full contrast; alternatively, tests of contrast sensitivity are typically restricted to assessment of the lowest visible contrast for a fixed letter size. This restriction to one-dimensional subspaces of a two-dimensional space was necessary when stimuli were printed on paper charts and simple scoring rules were applied manually. More recently, however, computerized testing and electronic screens have enabled more flexible stimulus displays and more complex test algorithms. For example, the quick CSF method uses a Bayesian adaptive procedure and an information maximization criterion to select only informative stimuli; testing times to precisely estimate the whole contrast sensitivity function are reduced to 2-5 minutes. Here, we describe the implementation of the quick CSF method in a medical device. We make several usability enhancements to make it suitable for use in clinical settings. A first usability study shows excellent results, with a mean System Usability Scale score of 86.5.
A floating-body charge monitor circuit for partially depleted SOI CMOS (2002)

This paper presents a floating-body charge monitor technique, which does not require the use of body contacts. This technique improves the performance and timing robustness of MUX-type and SRAM bit line circuits on partially depleted (PD) SOI CMOS. It can also be used as a calibration tool for SOI device models by virtue of its direct body charge monitoring.
Increased Intensity Heavy Ion Beams at ORIC with Cryopumping (1975)

Previously reported measurements of heavy ion beam attenuation with pressure have demonstrated the need for additional pumping in the circulating beam region of the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC). Two specially designed 20°K cryopumps, located on the magnet poles, have increased the pumping speed in the circulating beam region by about a factor of 3. This has led to increased intensity for beams of heavy ions of elements that can be condensed by the cryopumps (e. g., oxygen, nitrogen, etc.). The improved vacuum has led to an increased understanding of a beam loss in the internal region of the cyclotron. Measured cross sections for beam loss and the cross section energy dependence have been determined.
Synthesis of radioiodinated 2′‐iodobutyrophenone derivatives (1993)

Abstract To develop new radioligands labelled with radioiodine ( 125 I, 131 I and 121 I) for in vitro and in vivo dopamine receptor studies, three iodinated butyrophenones (2′‐iodospiperone, 2′‐iodotrifluperidol and 2′‐iodohaloperidol) were designed, synthesized and labelled with 125 I.
Synchronously Deployable Truss (1985)

Double-layered truss structure compactly packaged and sychronously deployed. Synchronously deployable truss constructed of two surface layers of struts, arranged in triangles, connected by tripods of equal-length core struts. Mechanism powered by passive spring and damped by hydraulic-damping cylinder. When released, spring drives slider linked to core and surface struts. Variety of truss geometries, including curved structures, comtemplated.
Fighting search engine amnesia (2013)

Web search engines frequently show the same documents repeatedly for different queries within the same search session, in essence forgetting when the same documents were already shown to users. Depending on previous user interaction with the repeated results, and the details of the session, we show that sometimes the repeated results should be promoted, while some other times they should be demoted.
Substance P markedly potentiates the antinociceptive effects of morphine sulfate administered at the spinal level. (1993)

The undecapeptide substance P and the alkaloid morphine sulfate are two agents previously thought to have opposite roles in the mediation of spinal nociceptive processes. The present report, however, demonstrates that low doses of substance P when coadministered with marginally effective doses of morphine sulfate into the rat subarachnoid space produce a markedly enhanced analgesic response, as monitored by the tail-flick test. This pharmacological effect is blocked by prior treatment with the opioid antagonist naloxone, indicating that the potentiated analgesic response is mediated by opioid-responsive neurons. In addition, the putative immediate precursor form of substance P (i.e., substance P-glycine) may substitute for the mature compound in the potentiated pharmacological effect. Moreover, the described synergism is unaffected by transection of the spinal cord, demonstrating the lack of supraspinal modulation of the observed phenomenon. Based on these observations, we are now able to dissociate opioid-potentiating and analgesic properties of substance P from traditional hyperalgesic effects realized at significantly higher concentrations. Consistent with previous biochemical data, a likely mechanism underlying the peptide-mediated enhancement of opioid analgesia may center on the ability of substance P to release endogenous opioid peptides within the local spinal cord environment. Finally, the pharmacological relationship of coadministered substance P and morphine sulfate established here supports the hypothesis that spinal tachykinin and opioid systems have a direct functional interaction in the modulation of local nociceptive responses.
Insertion of aluminium into high-silica-content zeolite frameworks. Part 3.—Hydrothermal transfer of aluminium from Al2O3 into [Al]ZSM-5 and [B]ZSM-5 (1985)

High-silica ZSM-5 and [B]ZSM-5 (both containing ca. 600 ppm Al) are catalytically activated by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of alumina. Aluminium is transported as an aquo-species from Al2O3 into the zeolite and enters the framework in the tetrahedral conformation. The presence of framework B induces enhanced activation, the degree of activation increasing with B content. This is due to the hydrolytic instability of framework B and hence its ready substitution by Al.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF 8‐ARYLERGOLINES (1977)

Abstract Das aus 3‐Indolylpropionsäure (I) nach bekannten Verfahren zugänglich tetracyclische ungesättigte Carbinol (II) wird mit Aromaten (III) in Gegenwart von BF 3 zu Mischungen isomerer 8‐Arylergoline (IV) und (V) kondensiert und dann mit Braunstein zu den Dehydro‐Verbindungen (VI) und (VII) in guten Ausbeuten oxidiert.
Abstract 136: Cytoplasmic Histone Deacetylase 4 Promotes Vascular Calcification (2016)

Background: Arterial calcification and valvular calcifications are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Studies have now conclusively showed that an osteochondrogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a key mechanism in the development of vascular calcification, opening a direction for therapeutic interventions. Objective: To identify the role, subcellular location and mechanism of action of class IIa Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in vascular calcification Methods and Results: We used VSMCs, ex-vivo mouse aortic rings and human calcified aortic valves to show that HDAC4 is upregulated in vascular and valve calcification. Despite being exclusively cytoplasmic in VSMCs we show using both gain- and loss- of function approaches that HDAC4 is a positive regulator of the process. The cytoplasmic location of HDAC4 is controlled by the activity of salt inducible kinase (SIK) and the inhibition of SIK sends HDAC4 to the nucleus and inhibits the ossification process. In the cytoplasm HDAC4 binds to the LIM domains of the adaptor protein ENIGMA (Pdlim7) to promote vascular ossification of VSMCs. Conclusions: Here we identified a new role and a new mechanistic paradigm for HDAC4. We provide multiple lines of evidence that the cytoplasmic activity of HDAC4 promotes vascular calcification, and identify HDAC4, SIK and ENIGMA as mediators of this pathological process
MoirÃÂ©free color halftoning using hexagonal geometry and spot functions (2010)

A halftone configuration is presented that utilizes three or four rotated hexagonal screens, or more precisely, screens with hexagonally tiled clusters, for moiré-free color printing. Halftone designers consider many options to deliver a screen with desirable characteristics, and often must settle for less than desirable results. The present method presents a new option with several beneficial properties compared to conventional square-cell-based screens. Hexagonal screens can appear to have smoother texture. Due to differences in packing geometry and touch point geometry, hexagons have the potential to possess different tone reproduction characteristics, which may be favorable for some marking processes. A fourth screen (e.g., yellow) can be included moiré-free, thereby avoiding problems associated with stochastic solutions for yellow. We also present a corresponding parametrically controlled hexagonal halftone spot function that allows for optimization of dot touch points and provides compact growth. The optimized touch points can prevent a tone reproduction bump, while the compact growth throughout the gray range ensures maximum stability. Examples are provided.
Performance optimization of organic electroluminescent devices (1999)

Performance of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices has been found to depend critically on various processing parameters including the purity and deposition rate of organic materials and substrate temperature. The effects of these processing parameters were systematically investigated by using the time-of-flight measurement of carrier mobility, photoluminescence, Raman as well as photoemission spectroscopies. It was observed that carrier mobility in organic EL materials could be improved substantially by either increasing the material purity or decreasing the deposition rate. Concomitantly, the increase in carrier mobility also led to considerable enhancement in the efficiency of EL devices. By depositing organic EL materials at elevated substrate temperatures, significant improvement in EL efficiency was also obtained. The EL devices thus fabricated consisted of a crystalline hole-transporting layer (HTL). Such devices not only showed improved efficiency but also enhanced stability. The improvement in stability is attributed to the fact that the HTL was already crystalline in the fabricated device so that subsequent operation and storage of the device would not lead to further crystallization. Thus, the widely accepted degradation mechanism via operation-induced crystallization and interfacial diffusion appears not important in the devices fabricated with a crystalline HTL.
Biochemical and biological characterization of ruminal<i>Fusobacterium necrophorum</i> (1994)

Biochemical characteristics, biological activities, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of ruminal Fusobacterium necrophorum (eight subsp. necrophorum and eight subsp. funduliforme) and of isolates (three of each subsp.) obtained from bovine hepatic abscesses were determined. F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum strains had higher phosphatase and DNase activities, produced more leukotoxin, and were more pathogenic to mice than subsp. funduliforme strains. The leukotoxin titer for culture supernatants of ruminal subsp. necrophorum strains was approximately 15 times lower than that of hepatic subsp. necrophorum strains. Hemagglutination activity was present in all hepatic, but only in some ruminal, strains of subsp. necrophorum. The antimicrobial sensitivity profile of the ruminal isolates was similar to that of hepatic isolates.
Recovery guarantees for Internet applications (2004)

Internet-based e-services require application developers to deal explicitly with failures of the underlying software components, for example web servers, servlets, browser sessions, and so forth. This complicates application programming, and may expose failures to end users. This paper presents a framework for an application-independent infrastructure that provides recovery guarantees and masks almost all system failures, thus relieving the application programmer from having to deal with these failures---by making applications "stateless." The main concept is an interaction contract between two components regarding message and state preservation. The framework provides comprehensive recovery encompassing data, messages, and the states of application components. We describe techniques to reduce logging cost, allow effective log truncation, and permit independent recovery for critical components. We illustrate the framework's utility via web-based e-services scenarios. Its feasibility is demonstrated by our prototype implementation of interaction contracts based on the Apache web server and the PHP servlet engine. Finally, we discuss industrial relevance for middleware architectures such as. Net or J2EE.
Current driven synchronous rectifier with energy recovery sensor (2002)

A new current driven synchronous rectification technology is presented. It is intended for high current and high efficiency applications. The synchronous rectifiers so presented are driven by current source instead of convention voltage source. This solves the problems of limited converter input voltage range and inability to operate in parallel in conventional voltage driven SR technology. The proposed synchronous rectification method is verified by practical converters with high efficiency recorded.
Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Coated With Bioactive Apatite–Wollastonite Glass–Ceramics (2007)

The objective of this study was to fabricate porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds coated with bioactive A/W glass–ceramics and to examine their mechanical and biological properties. Firstly, the HA scaffolds were prepared by the polymeric sponge replication method, and then A/W glasses were coated on the surface of the struts. All of the scaffolds had a highly porous structure with well‐interconnected pores. It was observed that the bioactive glass coating markedly increased the strength of the HA scaffolds. This enhancement was attributed to the formation of a dense and strong coating layer on the weak HA struts. The in vitro bioactivities of the scaffolds were markedly improved by the coatings. When the coated scaffolds were soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF), the bone‐like apatite crystals were well mineralized on their surfaces. Osteoblast‐like cells (MC3T3) adhered, spread, and grew well on the porous scaffolds. The cells placed on the glass‐coated HA scaffold showed a higher proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity than those on the pure HA scaffold. These results demonstrate that the bioactive glass coating is effective in improving the strength and bioactivity of the porous HA scaffolds.
Additional capabilities of a compact neutron scatter camera: Active interrogation, time-correlated pulse-height multiplication measurements, and gamma imaging (2015)

Our previous conference report on this instrument emphasized its use for fast-neutron imaging spectroscopy. We describe here its additional measurement capabilities, namely active interrogation, time-correlated pulse-height multiplication measurements, and gamma imaging.
High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy with a Portable Single-Sided Sensor (2005)

We report construction of a portable nuclear magnetic resonance sensor with a single-sided open probe design. The resulting magnetic field inhomogeneity is compensated by a pulse sequence that takes advantage of parallel inhomogeneity in the applied radio frequency field. We can thereby acquire fluorine-19 spectra of liquid fluorocarbons with 8 parts per million resolution, surmounting the long-standing obstacle of obtaining chemical shift information with open probe instruments.
Porphyrin-modified antimicrobial peptide indicators for detection of bacteria (2016)

This study demonstrates the potential of porphyrin modified antimicrobial peptides for indication of bacterial targets on the basis of changes in the spectrophotometric characteristics of the construct. Detection is a result of changes in the structure of the antimicrobial peptide upon target binding. Those constructs comprised of peptides that offer little or no change in conformation upon interaction with bacterial cells demonstrated negligible changes in absorbance and fluorescence when challenged using Escherichia coli or Bacillus cereus. CD analysis confirms the presence/absence of conformational changes in the porphyrin-peptide constructs. Differing spectrophotometric responses were observed for constructs utilizing different peptides. The incorporation of metals into the porphyrin component of the constructs was shown to alter their spectrophotometric characteristics as well as the resulting absorbance and fluorescence changes noted upon interaction with a target. The described constructs offer the potential to enable a new type of biosensing approach in which the porphyrin-peptide indicators offer both target recognition and optical transduction, requiring no additional reagents.
Toward Single-Cell Analysis by Plume Collimation in Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Ambient ionization methods for mass spectrometry have enabled the in situ and in vivo analysis of biological tissues and cells. When an etched optical fiber is used to deliver laser energy to a sample in laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) mass spectrometry, the analysis of large single cells becomes possible. However, because in this arrangement the ablation plume expands in three dimensions, only a small portion of it is ionized by the electrospray. Here we show that sample ablation within a capillary helps to confine the radial expansion of the plume. Plume collimation, due to the altered expansion dynamics, leads to greater interaction with the electrospray plume resulting in increased ionization efficiency, reduced limit of detection (by a factor of ~13, reaching 600 amol for verapamil), and extended dynamic range (6 orders of magnitude) compared to conventional LAESI. This enhanced sensitivity enables the analysis of a range of metabolites from small cell populations and single cells in the ambient environment. This technique has the potential to be integrated with flow cytometry for high-throughput metabolite analysis of sorted cells.