gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Synthesis of indolinyl-N,N-dimethylcarbamates as reversible anticholinesterase agents]. (1990)

A series of new indolinyl derivatives (I1-5, II1-3 and III1-8) with different substituents at 1-, 3- or 5-position were synthesized in order to study the relationship of structure and anticholinesterase activities of CUI XING NING and its derivatives. The method of phase transfer catalysis was successfully applied in the C3-alkylation of intermediate A as well as in the N-alkylation and the carbamylation. Three by-products were obtained during the C3-alkylation and their structures and all of the structures of the 24 new compounds (including the intermediate) were identified by spectral and elementary analysis. Preliminary pharmacologic tests showed that most of the compounds have potent anticholinesterase activities. All of the substituents of 1-, 3- or 5-position of the compounds may affect their activities (see Table 4).
CSG set-theoretic solid modelling and NC machining of blend surfaces (1986)

This paper presents a new solid modelling system capable of representing three dimensional objects consisting of both simple and complicated surfaces and, equally importantly, blend surfaces between them. Implicit polynomial inequalities and set theoretic techniques are used to specify the models. The modelling system can generate shaded pictures and NC machining instructions for cutting complicated objects automatically.
Learning with Knowledge of Structure: A Neural Network-Based Approach for MIMO-OFDM Detection (2020)

In this paper, we explore neural network-based strategies for performing symbol detection in a MIMO-OFDM system. Building on a reservoir computing (RC)-based approach towards symbol detection, we introduce a symmetric and decomposed binary decision neural network to take advantage of the structure knowledge inherent in the MIMO-OFDM system. To be specific, the binary decision neural network is added in the frequency domain utilizing the knowledge of the constellation. We show that the introduced symmetric neural network can decompose the original $M$-ary detection problem into a series of binary classification tasks, thus significantly reducing the neural network detector complexity while offering good generalization performance with limited training overhead. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that the introduced hybrid RC-binary decision detection framework performs close to maximum likelihood model-based symbol detection methods in terms of symbol error rate in the low SNR regime with imperfect channel state information (CSI).
An Intelligent Behaviour Shown by Chatbot System (2017)

Chatbots are software agents used to interact between a computer and a human in natural language. Just as people use language for human communication, chatbots use natural language to communicate with human users. The main aim of their creation was to resemble a human being in the way they perform said interaction, trying to make user think that they are writing to a human. In this paper, we analyse some existing chatbot systems namely ELIZA and ALICE and then concludes that it is easier to build bots using ALICE because of its simple pattern matching techniques that building one for ELIZA since it is based on rules. Finally, we discuss our proposed system. In particular, the proposed system is the implementation of ALICE chatbot system as a domain specific chatterbox which is a student information system that helps users in various queries related to students and universities.
Hydrogen Production by the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermotoga neapolitana (2002)

Virtually all members of the order Thermotogales have demonstrated the ability to produce hydrogen; however, some members of this order produce considerably greater quantities than others. With one representative of this order, Thermotoga neapolitana, we have consistently obtained accumulation of 25–30% hydrogen with 12–15% carbon dioxide as the only other prominent product in the batch reaction. In contradistinction to information widely disseminated in the literature, we have also found that most members of this order tolerate and appear to utilize the moderate amounts of oxygen present in the gaseous phase of batch reactors (6–12%), with no apparent decrease in hydrogen production. Hydrogen accumulation has been widely reported to inhibit growth of Thermotogales. While this may be true at very high hydrogen tensions, we have observed log phase bacterial morphology (rods) even in the presence of 25–35% hydrogen concentrations. To maximize hydrogen production and minimize production of hydrogen sulfide, inorganic sulfur donors are avoided and the cysteine concentration in the medium is increased. We and others have demonstrated that different members of the order Thermotogales utilize a wide variety of feedstocks, including complex carbohydrates and proteins. Thus, it appears that organisms within this order have the potential to utilize a variety of organic wastes and to cost-effectively generate hydrogen.
A diseasome cluster-based drug repurposing of soluble guanylate cyclase activators from smooth muscle relaxation to direct neuroprotection (2018)

Network medicine utilizes common genetic origins, markers and co-morbidities to uncover mechanistic links between diseases. These links can be summarized in the diseasome, a comprehensive network of disease-disease relationships and clusters. The diseasome has been influential during the past decade, although most of its links are not followed up experimentally. Here, we investigate a high prevalence unmet medical need cluster of disease phenotypes linked to cyclic GMP. Hitherto, the central cGMP-forming enzyme, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), has been targeted pharmacologically exclusively for smooth muscle modulation in cardiology and pulmonology. Here, we examine the disease associations of sGC in a non-hypothesis based manner in order to identify possibly previously unrecognized clinical indications. Surprisingly, we find that sGC, is closest linked to neurological disorders, an application that has so far not been explored clinically. Indeed, when investigating the neurological indication of this cluster with the highest unmet medical need, ischemic stroke, pre-clinically we find that sGC activity is virtually absent post-stroke. Conversely, a heme-free form of sGC, apo-sGC, was now the predominant isoform suggesting it may be a mechanism-based target in stroke. Indeed, this repurposing hypothesis could be validated experimentally in vivo as specific activators of apo-sGC were directly neuroprotective, reduced infarct size and increased survival. Thus, common mechanism clusters of the diseasome allow direct drug repurposing across previously unrelated disease phenotypes redefining them in a mechanism-based manner. Specifically, our example of repurposing apo-sGC activators for ischemic stroke should be urgently validated clinically as a possible first-in-class neuroprotective therapy.
Thin Film Transistor Technology--Past, Present, and Future (2013)

Although liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have been available for over half a century, they were always taken as niche market products because of their rather poor performance: small viewing angles, long response time, and lack of large-area panels. The situation has changed dramatically since the availability of the active matrix (AM) LCDs, specially the amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film transistor (TFT) driven LCDs. The displays manufactured on TFT LCDs will be major driving force for advancement of the TFT technology in the near future. New key impact areas of TFTs will be flexible electronics, integrated circuits, sensors, detectors, light emitting diodes, etc. Industry R&D activities have been aiming at improving the cost, yield, and throughput of large-area panels. Academic research in many universities has helped in the understanding of material properties responsible for the TFT performance as well as the underlying chemistry and physics of the fabrication processes.
Research on the UI Integration Architecture of Service System (2008)

As researches of service science have gradually come into practical use, architecture of practical service system has arisen as an important problem. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a kind of service system integration architecture based on UI (user interface) integration technology. Important modules of this architecture and their constructing process are particularly introduced. In the end of this paper, the main characteristics of this architecture are enumerated to summarize the whole architecture.
Mastocytosis: Pathology, genetics, and current options for therapy (2004)

Mast cell disorders are defined by an abnormal accumulation of tissue mast cells (MCs) in one or more organ systems. Symptoms in mastocytosis result from MC-derived mediators and, less frequently, from destructive infiltration of MCs. Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is a benign disease of the skin and may regress spontaneously. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a persistent disease in which a somatic c-kit mutation at codon 816 is usually detectable in MCs and their progenitors. The clinical course in these patients is variable ranging from asymptomatic for years to highly aggressive and rapidly devastating. The WHO discriminates five categories of SM: indolent SM (ISM), aggressive SM (ASM), SM with associated clonal hematological non-MC-lineage disease (AHNMD), and mast cell leukemia (MCL). The c-kit mutation D816V is quite common and may be found in all SM-categories. In SM-AHNMD, additional genetic abnormalities have been reported, whereas no additional defects are yet known for ASM or MCL. Patients with ISM and CM are treated with "mediator-targeting" drugs, whereas patients with ASM or MCL are candidates for cytoreductive therapy. The use of "Kit-targeting" tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as STI571 (Imatinib, Gleevec), has also been suggested. However, the D816V mutation of c-kit is associated with relative resistance against STI571. Therefore, these patients require alternative targeted drugs or new drug-combinations. In patients with SM-AHNMD, separate treatment plans for the SM-component and the AHNMD should be established. Examples include the use of STI571 in patients with SM plus hypereosinophilic syndrome (SM-HES) and the FIPL1/PDGFRA fusion gene target, or chemotherapy for eradication of AML in patients with SM-AML.
Editors' Note (2003)

In line with previous Fall issues of Biography, this issue contains the Annual Bibliography of Life Writing. The statistics point to some good upward trends. The number of edited issues, volumes, and annuals went from 32 to 45. With an accumulated 300 entries, this number represents an increase of more than 20 percent over last year. Articles and essays have increased from 242 to 307, and even more encouraging, the number of dissertations, which dropped to 59 in 2002, has shot up to 76. Although the number of books written by individual authors has gone from 91 to 80, the total still remains considerably higher than in 2001, when it was just 61. Since most of the categories show increasing numbers, it's not surprising that the total number of entries in the Bibliography has risen from 674 in 2002 to about 750. All signs from the vantage point of late 2003 indicate solid publication numbers and—with this year's dissertation totals—a likely increase in articles and books in forthcoming years. You have probably noticed that illustrations and photographs have been displayed on Biography's front cover since the journal was redesigned five years ago. Now that almost twenty issues have used visual images in the essays as well as on the covers, we'll say a few words about the selection process. Most often the cover reproduces a picture that one of the authors in that issue has suggested or used in the essay. Other times, Biography's editorial staff makes its own decision. For example, the cover of the Winter 2003 issue "Online Lives" edited by John Zuern featured a portrait collage by the British photographer Liz Rideal. The current cover shows a photograph by the Irish photographer Bill Doyle, who is well known for working in both landscapes and portraiture. While the image for each issue is chosen for its relevance and suggestiveness, over time the front covers have represented numerous mediums and technologies, and we hope have reminded you that the journal is interested in submissions in all areas of life writing and life imaging. We also wish to express our gratitude to Biography's contributing editors Nell Altizer, Patricia Angley, William Bruneau, Judith Coullie, Michael Fassiotto, Rebecca Friedman, Marie-Christine Garneau, Théo Garneau, Corey Hollis, Noel Kent, Gabriel Merle, Dawn Morais, Barbara Bennett Peterson, Forrest R. Pitts, George Simson, and Bron Solyom. These are the people who make Reviewed Elsewhere possible, and we thank them.
A State-of-the-Art Review on the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) (2017)

The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) has been identified as a promising but challenging topic to transform information towards the generation of knowledge and intelligence. Achievement of integrating these two concepts and enabling technologies will have a significant impact on solving problems in the civil, building and infrastructure sectors. However, since GIS and BIM were originally developed for different purposes, numerous challenges are being encountered for the integration. To better understand these two different domains, this paper reviews the development and dissimilarities of GIS and BIM, the existing integration methods, and investigates their potential in various applications. This study shows that the integration methods are developed for various reasons and aim to solve different problems. The parameters influencing the choice can be summarized and named as “EEEF” criteria: effectiveness, extensibility, effort, and flexibility. Compared with other methods, semantic web technologies provide a promising and generalized integration solution. However, the biggest challenges of this method are the large efforts required at early stage and the isolated development of ontologies within one particular domain. The isolation problem also applies to other methods. Therefore, openness is the key of the success of BIM and GIS integration.
Discrimination of Pheromone Enantiomers by Two Pheromone Binding Proteins from the Gypsy Moth <i>Lymantria</i> <i>dispar</i> (2000)

The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, uses (7R, 8S)-cis-2-methyl-7, 8-epoxyoctadecane, (+)-disparlure, as a sex pheromone. The (-) enantiomer of the pheromone is a strong behavioral antagonist. Specialized sensory hairs, sensillae, on the antennae of male moths detect the pheromone. Once the pheromone enters a sensillum, the very abundant pheromone binding protein (PBP) transports the odorant to the sensory neuron. We have expressed the two PBPs found in gypsy moth antennae, PBP1 and PBP2, and we have studied the affinity of these recombinant PBPs for the enantiomers of disparlure. To study pheromone binding under equilibrium conditions, we developed and validated a binding assay. We have addressed the two major problems with hydrophobic ligands in aqueous solution: (1) concentration-dependent adsorption of the ligand on vial surfaces and (2) separation of the protein-bound ligand from the material remaining free in solution. We used this assay to demonstrate for the first time that pheromone binding to PBP is reversible and that the two PBPs from L. dispar differ in their enantiomer binding preference. PBP1 has a higher affinity for the (-) enantiomer, while PBP2 has a higher affinity for the (+) enantiomer. The PBP from the wild silk moth, Antheraea polyphemus (Apol-3) bound the disparlure enantiomers more weakly than either of the L. dispar PBPs, but Apol-3 was also able to discriminate the enantiomers. We have observed extensive aggregation of both L. dispar PBPs and an increase in pheromone binding at high (>2 microM) PBP concentrations. We present a model of disparlure binding to the two PBPs.
Protection of microelectronic devices during packaging (2023)

The present invention relates to a method of protecting a microelectronic device during device packaging, including the steps of applying a water-insoluble, protective coating to a sensitive area on the device; performing at least one packaging step; and then substantially removing the protective coating, preferably by dry plasma etching. The sensitive area can include a released MEMS element. The microelectronic device can be disposed on a wafer. The protective coating can be a vacuum vapor-deposited parylene polymer, silicon nitride, metal (e.g. aluminum or tungsten), a vapor deposited organic material, cynoacrylate, a carbon film, a self-assembled monolayered material, perfluoropolyether, hexamethyldisilazane, or perfluorodecanoic carboxylic acid, silicon dioxide, silicate glass, or combinations thereof. The present invention also relates to a method of packaging a microelectronic device, including: providing a microelectronic device having a sensitive area; applying a water-insoluble, protective coating to the sensitive area; providing a package; attaching the device to the package; electrically interconnecting the device to the package; and substantially removing the protective coating from the sensitive area.
A subunit of yeast site-specific endonuclease SceI is a mitochondrial version of the 70-kDa heat shock protein. (1990)

Endo.SceI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a heterodimeric site-specific endonuclease, which is distinguishable from prokaryotic restriction endonucleases in the mode of recognition of its cleavage site. We have used monoclonal antibodies specific to the larger subunit (75 kDa) of Endo.SceI to isolate the gene for the subunit (ENS1) from S. cerevisiae. Unexpectedly, ENS1 was found to encode a 70-kDa heat shock protein-related polypeptide and to be identical to recently cloned SSC1. Subcellular fractionation experiments on yeast cells revealed that the primary target site of the larger subunit is mitochondria, where almost all the Endo.SceI activity is localized. Molecular genetic analysis of ENS1 demonstrated its indispensability for growth and the requirement of a high level of its expression at the sporulation and germination stages. The data suggest that ENS1 plays an important role, especially at these differentiation stages.
Artificial Neural Network Generalization and Simplification via Pruning (2014)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are well known\nfor their classification abilities. Although choosing hyperparameters\nsuch as neuron layer count and size can be a quite\ntedious task. Pruning approaches assume that a sufficiently large\nANN has already been trained and can be simplified with\nacceptable classification accuracy loss. The current paper\npresents a node pruning algorithm and gives experimental results\nfor pruned network accuracy rates versus their non-pruned\ncounterparts.
Validation of a High-Throughput Screening Assay for Identification of Adjunctive and Directly Acting Antimicrobials Targeting Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (2016)

We describe development and validation of a high-throughput screen (HTS) for identifying small molecules that restore the efficacy of carbapenems (adjunctives) and/or directly inhibit growth of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Our HTS assay is based on a screen-counterscreen approach using a representative multidrug-resistant CRE strain, Klebsiella pneumoniae BIDMC12A. Specifically, we tested the ability of small molecules to inhibit bacterial growth in the presence (screen) or absence (counterscreen) of meropenem, a representative carbapenem antibiotic. Primary screening of 11,698 known bioactive compounds identified 14 with adjunctive activity and 79 with direct antimicrobial effect. Secondary screening identified triclosan as a strongly synergistic meropenem adjunctive (fractional inhibitory concentration = 0.48) and confirmed azidothymidine (AZT) (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 4 μg mL(-1)), NH125 (MIC = 4 μg mL(-1)), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (MIC = 8 μg mL(-1)), and spectinomycin (MIC = 32 μg mL(-1)) as potent direct antimicrobials. Spectrum of activity of AZT and spectinomycin was tested against a collection of 103 representative Enterobacteriaceae strains (≈50% CRE). AZT, a nucleoside analog used to treat human immunodeficiency virus, demonstrated an MIC50 of 2 μg mL(-1). Spectinomycin, an antibiotic used to treat gonorrhea, had an MIC50 of 32 μg mL(-1). Therefore, a significant percentage of CRE strains appeared relatively susceptible to these antimicrobials. These data identified AZT and spectinomycin as available agents warranting further study for potential treatment of multidrug-resistant CRE infection. Our results provide proof of principle and impetus for performing a large-scale HTS for discovery of novel, small-molecule adjunctives and antibacterial agents directly targeting CRE.
Dust-concentration measurement based on Mie scattering of a laser beam (2017)

To realize automatic measurement of the concentration of dust particles in the air, a theory for dust concentration measurement was developed, and a system was designed to implement the dust concentration measurement method based on laser scattering. In the study, the principle of dust concentration detection using laser scattering is studied, and the detection basis of Mie scattering theory is determined. Through simulation, the influence of the incident laser wavelength, dust particle diameter, and refractive index of dust particles on the scattered light intensity distribution are obtained for determining the scattered light intensity curves of single suspended dust particles under different characteristic parameters. A genetic algorithm was used to study the inverse particle size distribution, and the reliability of the measurement system design is proven theoretically. The dust concentration detection system, which includes a laser system, computer circuitry, air flow system, and control system, was then implemented according to the parameters obtained from the theoretical analysis. The performance of the designed system was evaluated. Experimental results show that the system performance was stable and reliable, resulting in high-precision automatic dust concentration measurement with strong anti-interference ability.
All epidemics deserve health care attention (2003)

The frightening progress of sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) towards a potential global epidemic has caused a media frenzy. In contrast, the global epidemic in obesity has received relatively little attention despite its clear association with significant morbidity and mortality. In part the contrasting media attention reflects the emergence of a new threat which seems to be no respecter of age or health status, with fit adults experiencing similar mortality rates to the usual vulnerable groups such as older people.
Acquiring shell textures from a single image for realistic fur rendering (2012)

To synthesize a realistic appearance of mammals, it is necessary to express disorderly lie of hairs. "Shell texturing method", proposed by Lengyel [2001], is possible to synthesize realistic fur appearance over arbitrary surfaces in real-time. Prior to rendering, it is necessary to prepare several shell textures as a pre-process. However, acquiring appropriate shell textures is a complicated and time consuming work. In this paper, we present a novel method to acquire shell textures only from a single input picture of an actual animal fur. Since every shell textures are automatically computed by a pixel shader in run-time, it is not necessary any complicated pre-computation. Furthermore, conventional shell texturing method employs typically 16 textures which require huge graphics memory. Because our method requires only a single texture, we realize a significant reduction in memory usage for practical purpose.