gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgG from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients increases current through P-type calcium channels in mammalian cerebellar Purkinje cells and in isolated channel protein in lipid bilayer. (1993)

The effect of the IgG from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients was tested on the voltage-dependent barium currents (IBa) in mammalian dissociated Purkinje cells and in isolated P-type calcium channels in lipid bilayers. Whole cell clamp of Purkinje cells demonstrates that ALS IgG increases the amplitude of IBa without modifying their voltage kinetics. This increased IBa could be blocked by a purified nonpeptide toxin from Agelenopsis aperta venom (purified funnel-web spider toxin) or by a synthetic polyamine analog (synthetic funnel-web spider toxin) and by a peptide toxin from the same spider venom, omega-Aga-IVA. Similar results were obtained on single-channel recordings from purified P channel protein. The addition of ALS IgG increased single-channel IBa open time without affecting slope conductance. The results described above were not seen with normal human IgG nor with boiled ALS IgG. It is concluded that ALS IgG enhances inward current through P-type calcium channels. Since P-type Ca2+ channels are present in motoneuron axon terminals, we propose that the enhanced calcium current triggered by ALS IgG may contribute to neuronal damage in ALS.
A Planar Transmission-Line Sensor for Measuring the Microwave Permittivity of Liquid and Semisolid Biological Materials (2013)

A planar transmission-line configuration for rapid, nondestructive, wideband permittivity measurements of liquid and semisolid materials at microwave frequencies is described. The transmission-line propagation constant of the proposed configuration is determined with the multiline technique from scattering parameter measurements of two lines with a known length difference. Guidelines for the appropriate selection of the line dimensions and a technique for resolving the phase ambiguity associated with the multiline technique are presented. The material permittivity is related to the propagation constant by closed-form expressions that allow the permittivity to be determined by a relatively simple numerical inversion procedure. The proposed sensor has the advantage of not requiring the sample to have uniform edges, nor that they are perpendicular to the planar line. The technique used for determining the line propagation constant has the advantage of not requiring any transmission-line discontinuities to be explicitly modeled. To illustrate the technique, a coplanar waveguide transmission-line sensor was fabricated and used to measure the permittivity of six liquids and four gelatin samples from 1 to 5 GHz. These measurements agree very well with coaxial-line probe measurements, demonstrating the accuracy of the proposed configuration. The sensitivity of the results to dimensional tolerances is demonstrated.
A Diversity Co-Channel Interference Canceller for AMPS Cellular (1998)

In cellular communication systems co-channel interference (CCI) is a major capacity limiting factor. A number of system characteris- tics (e.g. voice quality and dropped call rate) can be improved individually or in combination by providing co-channel interference cancellation, at either the basestation or mobile. This paper describes the development and performance eval- uation of separate speech and data, two antenna co-channel interference canceller (CCIC) algo- rithms for the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS). In the presence of a single dominant AMPS interferer, the speech CCIC algorithm pro- vides carrier to interference (CIR) gains of between 3 and 14 dB, dependant on the fading rate, as compared to a switched diversity scheme for the same average output signal to noise plus distortion ratio (SINAD). For similar channel con- ditions the data CCIC algorithm provides CIR gains in excess of 10 dJ3 for a target bit error rate (BER) of 1%.
Olefin Oligomerization and Isomerization Catalysts. The Preparation, Properties and Catalytic Action of Dithio Nickel(II) Complexes With Chelating Phosphines (1986)

The syntheses and properties of cationic nickel complexes containing dithio-ß-diketonate and chelating bisphosphine ligands of general formula [Ni{R1C(S)CR2C(S)R3}{(PL1L2)R(PL3L4)}]X(Rj,Lj = alkyl or aryl, R = (CH2)n, n = 1-4, X = halide, BPh4, PF6, etc.) are described. The compounds are shown to be effective catalysts for the oligomerization and double bond shift isomerization of olefins with a high specificity for dimeric products rich in desirable linear and near linear isomers.
Detecting 3D geometric boundaries of indoor scenes under varying lighting (2014)

The goal of this research is to identify 3D geometric boundaries in a set of 2D photographs of a static indoor scene under unknown, changing lighting conditions. A 3D geometric boundary is a contour located at a 3D depth discontinuity or a discontinuity in the surface normal. These boundaries can be used effectively for reasoning about the 3D layout of a scene. To distinguish 3D geometric boundaries from 2D texture edges, we analyze the illumination subspace of local appearance at each image location. In indoor time-lapse photography and surveillance video, we frequently see images that are lit by unknown combinations of uncalibrated light sources. We introduce an algorithm for semi-binary nonnegative matrix factorization (SBNMF) to decompose such images into a set of lighting basis images, each of which shows the scene lit by a single light source. These basis images provide a natural, succinct representation of the scene, enabling tasks such as scene editing (e.g., relighting) and shadow edge identification.
Selective Photooxidation of Small Hydrocarbons by O<sub>2</sub> with Visible Light in Zeolites (1996)

Small alkenes, alkanes, or alkyl substituted benzenes loaded with O2 gas into cation-exchanged zeolite Y react upon irradiation with visible light to yield corresponding carbonyl products at very high selectivity. Alkyl (alkenyl) hydroperoxides are formed as intermediates, in the case of isobutane as the final product. This was observed when monitoring the reactions in situ by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Experiments were typically run at room temperature, in some cases at zeolite temperatures as low as -100°C to elucidate mechanisms. Chemistry was induced by light from a tungsten lamp. Frequently, studies were also conducted with the emission of an Ar ion or cw dye laser in order to determine the visible wavelengths responsible for the reaction. Diffuse reflectance spectra revealed a visible absorption tail which originates from a hydrocarbon·O2 collision complex. It is attributed to the hydrocarbon·O2 charge-transfer absorption whose onset is shifted from the UV into the visible region by the very high electrostatic field of the zeolite (shifts of the order of 1.5 to 3 eV). Quantum efficiencies are in the region 10-30%, and selectivities remain high even upon conversion of more than 50% of the hydrocarbon loaded into the zeolite matrix. Many of the reactions studied are of commercial importance: toluene to benzaldehyde, propylene to acrolein or propylene oxide, isobutane to t-butyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexane to cyclohexanone, ethane to acetaldehyde.
Tunable impedance matching networks based on phase-switched impedance modulation (2017)

The ability to provide accurate, rapid and dynamically-controlled impedance matching offers significant advantages to a wide range of present and emerging radio-frequency (RF) power applications. This work develops a new type of tunable impedance matching networks (TMN) that enables a combination of much faster and more accurate impedance matching than is available with conventional techniques. This implementation is based on a narrow-band technique, termed here phase-switched impedance modulation (PSIM), which entails the switching of passive elements at the RF operating frequency, effectively modulating their impedances. The proposed approach provides absorption of device parasitics and zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the active devices, and we introduce control techniques that enable ZVS operation to be maintained across operating conditions. A prototype PSIM-based TMN is developed that provides a 50 Ohms match over a load impedance range suitable for inductively-coupled plasma processes. The prototype TMN operates at frequencies centered around 13.56 MHz at input RF power levels of up to 150 W.
Development of a Sulfur Dioxide Depolarized Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Production Using the Hybrid Sulfur Thermochemical Process (2008)

The Hybrid Sulfur Process is a leading candidate among the thermochemical cycles being developed to use heat from advanced nuclear reactors to produce hydrogen via watersplitting. It has the potential for high efficiency, competitive cost of hydrogen, and it has been demonstrated at a laboratory scale to confirm performance characteristics. The major developmental issues with the HyS Process involve the design and performance of a sulfur dioxide depolarized electrolyzer, the key component for conducting the electrochemical step in the process. This paper will discuss the development program and current status for the SDE being conducted at the Savannah River National Laboratory.
Genetics of prion diseases and prion diversity in mice (1994)

Linkage of the prion protein (PrP) and scrapie incubation time genes in mice provided strong evidence for the central role of PrP in determining susceptibility to prion disorders. Considerable evidence now argues that the prion protein and incubation time genes are identical. The mouse prion protein gene (Prn-p) may act both quantitatively and qualitatively in modulating prion incubation time. Differences at positions 108 and 189 between PrP-A and PrP-B allotypes can place constraints on interaction between the normal cellular and the scrapie-specific isoforms of PrP (PrPC and PrPSc), although the supply of PrPC available for post-translational conversion to PrPSc can also influence incubation time. Results using transgenic (Tg) mice in studies on scrapie 'strains' or isolates suggest that incubation time characteristics of scrapie isolates can be explained by these two properties of PrP. The final section of this report discusses the novel finding that uninoculated Tg mice overexpressing wild-type (wt) PrP transgenes spontaneously develop a late-onset degenerative neuromyopathy, broadening the spectrum of prion diseases and providing new information on PrP function in both normal and pathological states.
Tumor cell Programmed Death Ligand-1-mediated T cell suppression is overcome by co-expression of CD80 (66.29) (2011)

Abstract Programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1 or B7-H1) is expressed constitutively or is induced by IFNγ on the cell surface of most human cancer cells and acts as a “molecular shield” by protecting tumor cells from T cell-mediated destruction. Using seven cell lines representing four histologically distinct solid tumors (lung adenocarcinoma, mammary carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, and uveal melanoma) we demonstrate that transfection of human tumor cells with the gene encoding the costimulatory molecule CD80 prevents PDL1- mediated immune suppression by tumor cells and restores the ability of tumor cells to activate tumor-specific T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, CD80 mediates its effects through its extracellular domain which blocks the cell surface expression of PDL1 but does not prevent intracellular expression of PDL1 protein. These studies demonstrate a new role for CD80 in facilitating anti-tumor immunity and suggest new therapeutic avenues for preventing tumor cell PDL1-induced immune suppression.
The linear prediction inverse modulation transfer function (LP-IMTF) filter for spectral enhancement, with applications to speaker recognition (2012)

We propose a method for spectral enhancement of reverberant speech based on inverting the modulation transfer function (MTF). Using all-pole models of modulation spectra allows the linear prediction inverse MTF (LP-IMTF) filter to exhibit a smooth frequency response, and allows it to be implemented as a low-order IIR filter in the modulation envelope domain. The proposed filter adapts to current acoustic conditions without relying on explicit information regarding reverberation time. Additionally, the LP-IMTF framework allows for estimation of useful side information, such as local signal-to-reverberation ratios and band-specific reverberation times. As example applications, the LP-IMTF system is applied to enhancement and speaker recognition of reverberant speech, and significant performance improvements are achieved.
ToSS-it: A Cloud-Based Throwaway Spatial Index Structure for Dynamic Location Data (2014)

The widespread use of GPS-enabled devices have led to a number of emerging applications that require monitoring and querying a large number of moving objects, such as in location-based services, mobile phone social networking, UAV surveillance, and car navigation systems. In such applications, indexes for moving objects must support queries efficiently and also cope with frequent updates. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based throwaway index structure, dubbed ToSS-it, where we generate the index from scratch in a short period of time rather than updating it with every location change of the moving objects. ToSS-it employs inter-node and intra-node multi-core parallelism paradigm to rapidly construct a distributed Voronoi Diagram. ToSS-it scales out by using a voronoi partitioning technique that minimizes the network message exchanges between the nodes (i.e., The major overhead in parallel generation of Voronoi Diagrams), and scales up since it fully exploits the multi-core CPUs available on each server. As a comparison point, with the state-of-the-art cloud-based spatial index structure (RT-CAN), if at least 7% of the objects are moving and issue updates to the index, it is faster to recreate ToSS-it from scratch than updating RT-CAN.
Sheetflow Water Quality Monitoring Device: Results of Nine Month Field Testing (1999)

(No paper) The objective of this 30 month research project was to develop a sheetflow sampler for sampling highway runoff. The specific goals of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) project, sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), was to develop a small, inexpensive, simple, effective sheetflow sampler to aid transportation officials in meeting their regulatory requirements. The sampler is made entirely of plastic, requires no calibration, and is entirely passive. The SBIR project consists of three phases. In Phase I of the project, the technical feasibility of the sampler was demonstrated, extensive laboratory testing was conducted to perfect the design, and limited field testing of prototypes was performed. Phase II, which is currently underway, includes design refinements, the development of the injection molds for commercial production, and extensive field testing. Phase III is commercialization of the sampler. The field testing program includes the installation of approximately 18 samplers throughout varying highway environments in Virginia, Maryland, and California. Stormwater samples will be collected and analyzed for various highway pollutants over a period of 9 months. Features that will be demonstrated include ease of installation and use, integrity of analytical samples, and the ability to estimate rainfall amounts based on the volume of the captured sample.
Recognition of HClO in Live Cells with Separate Signals Using a Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor with Fast Response (2015)

Hypochlorous acid (HClO), one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a key microbicidal agent which is used for natural defense; however, it is also involved in several human diseases. Although several efforts have been made to develop HClO-selective fluorescent sensors, most of them display delayed response time and the ratiometric sensors are rare. In the current work, we used a 3-pyrrole BODIPY dye as a new ratiometric fluorescent sensor (BRClO) for HClO. BRClO exhibited a 177-fold fluorescence ratio (F505 nm/F585 nm) enhancement in the presence of HClO over other ROS with fast response time (completed within 1 s). Confocal fluorescence imaging with BRClO showed separated signals in the presence of exogenous HClO in live cells. In addition, BRClO could be easily prepared as HClO test strips to detect HClO in aqueous solution and natural tap water.
LAR-CC: Large atomic regions with conditional commits (2011)

HW/SW Co-designed systems rely on dynamic binary translation and optimizations for efficient execution of binary code. Due to memory ordering properties and other architectural constraints, most binary optimizations are applied to regions of code that are atomically executed. To ensure that the underlying hardware has enough speculative resources to execute the whole atomic region, these systems typically form short atomic regions, with only 20 to 30 instructions. However, the shorter is the atomic region the smaller is the scope for optimizations. We present LAR-CC, a novel technique that enables HW/SW co-designed systems to optimize large atomic regions and dynamically fit them into the available speculative hardware resources by means of conditional commits. The LAR-CC technique consists of two major components: 1) conditional branch instructions to conditionally skip commit operations; 2) code transformations that replace commit operations by conditional commits and enable optimizations to be applied on the large atomic regions. Our experiments show that LAR-CC can effectively achieve dynamic atomic region sizes larger than 1000 instructions, providing sufficiently large scope to apply many advanced optimizations on HW/SW co-designed systems.
Magnetic domain wall motion by spin transfer (2011)

The discovery that a spin polarized current can exert a large torque on a ferromagnet through a transfusion of spin angular momentum, offers a new way to control a magnetization by simple current injection, without the help of an applied external field. Spin transfer can be used to induce magnetization reversals and oscillations, or to control the position of a magnetic domain wall. In this review, we focus on this last mechanism, which is today the subject of an extensive research, both because the microscopic details for its origin are still debated, but also because promising applications are at stake for non-volatile magnetic memories.
Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Steroid Transformations by Confinement within a Mesoporous Scaffold (2017)

Abstract Solid‐state crystallization achieves selective confinement of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals within mesoporous materials, thereby rendering active sites more accessible compared to the bulk‐MOF and enhancing the chemical and mechanical stability of MOF nanocrystals. (Zr)UiO‐66(NH 2 )/SiO 2 hybrid materials were tested as efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of steroid derivatives, outperforming the bulk (Zr)UiO‐66(NH 2 ) MOF. A clear correlation between the catalytic activity of the dispersed Zr sites present in the confined MOF, and the loading of the mesoporous SiO 2 , is demonstrated for steroid transformations.
A programmable FIR filter using serial-in-time multiplication and canonic signed digit coefficients (2002)

In this paper, the structure of a serial-in-time multiplier-accumulator realized with binary weighted shifts (BWSMAC) is described. The multiplier-accumulator structure is then used to realize a programmable FIR filter. This filter structure makes it possible to trade the complexity of the filter coefficients to the power dissipation without leaving any "dummy" or quiet hardware in the filter tap. The highest sampling rate used in the filter depends on the complexity of the filter coefficients. The operation frequency of individual filter taps can be selected to be the lowest possible leading to on-demand power dissipation. This structure gives almost the same programmability as filters realized with multipliers. However, one coefficient can be realized with only one adder, a register stage and some multiplexers leading to an extremely simple filter structure.
Clinical Factors Associated With Resistance to Microvascular Complications in Diabetic Patients of Extreme Disease Duration (2007)

Duration of diabetes and degree of hyperglycemia have consistently been identified as predictors of retinopathy and nephropathy (1–6). Multiple studies have concluded that nearly all individuals with type 1 diabetes will develop some level of retinopathy within 20 years of diagnosis (2,4,5,7,8). However, the study by Bain et al. (9) described the Golden Years study group of type 1 diabetic patients with ≥50 years of diabetes duration who appeared to be protected against nephropathy and large vessel disease but not against retinopathy. However, the associations of glycemic control, duration of disease, and vascular complications were not evaluated (9). This report characterizes the prevalence of complications and associated risk factors in a large number of individuals who have been insulin dependent for ≥50 years.

The 50-Year Medal Program of the Joslin Diabetes Center (JDC) was initiated to recognize JDC or non-JDC patients who survived ≥50 years with type 1 diabetes. This was documented by either medical record or family report. This was a survey-based cross-sectional study of subjects living in the U.S. who were awarded the Joslin Medal between 1997 and 2003. The Committee on Human Subjects at the JDC approved this study. The patients were questioned regarding the presence and absence of eye, kidney, and peripheral neuropathy.

### Clinical validation of retinopathy

Self-reported retinopathy was validated by comparing retinal clinical examination and fundus photography (seven-standard field), in a subset ( n = 92, 28%) of the 326 subjects, to the questionnaire, with the worse eye used for analysis. Grading was performed by two experienced ophthalmologists and discrepancies adjudicated by consensus. Descriptive analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System (version 8.2; SAS, Cary, NC). The Cochran-Armitage test was used to test for trends of categorical …
Synthesis of Poly (Vinylene Sulphide) (1985)

Abstract Pure and high molecular poly(vinylene sulphide) was synthesized from 1, 2 - dichloroethylene and sodium sulphide anhydride using dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent.
Use of the Recombinant Chimera Proteins, LacZ-Env and Gag-Env, for Immunological Studies on HIV-1 Infection (1993)

To use Env proteins as antigens for detection of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) antibodies, we attempted to overexpress the Env proteins in Escherichia coli. To study the epitopes in the Env proteins recognized by the sera of HIV carriers, various regions of the proviral DNA encoding the Env region were fused to the 3' end of the lacZ gene. The immunoblotting analysis of the LacZ-Env(512-611) and LacZ-Env(721-826) proteins with the 41 positive sera revealed that the former and the latter immunologically reacted with 100 and 78% of the sera, respectively. To avoid rare false-positive reactions due to the LacZ moiety of the fusion protein, we attempted to express the Env(512-611) alone or Gag-Env(512-611) under the control of bacteriophage T7 promoter. Although we could express only a low level of the Env(512-611) peptide in E. coli, we succeeded in producing large amounts of the Gag(121-406)-Env(512-611) and Gag(308-406)-Env(512-611) proteins as chimeric proteins. Both of these chimera proteins strongly reacted with the 41 positive sera. We purified these proteins and analyzed the immunological reactivity by dot blot with the 60 positive sera and the 84 normal sera. As little as 20 ng of the dotted proteins was enough for the reaction with the positive sera, whereas as much as 320 ng of them did not show false-positive reactions with the normal sera. We obtained highly purified Gag-Env proteins with highly specific seroreactivity, which should be useful for diagnosis and prognosis.