gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully solution processed all inorganic nanocrystal solar cells (2014)

The effects of solution (sol) processed contacts of indium tin oxide (ITO-sol) and gold (Au-sol) on solar cells are tested. When combined with solution processed active layers of CdTe/CdSe, all-inorganic fully solution processed solar cells are produced on non-conductive glass substrates. Under AM 1.5G illumination, open circuit voltages (Voc), short circuit currents (Jsc) and efficiencies (η) of solar cells processed with evaporated Au and commercial ITO were found to be (Voc = 0.56 ± 0.04 V, Jsc = 17.2 ± 2.2 mA cm(-2), η = 3.8 ± 0.4%), with Au-sol replacement (Voc = 0.54 ± 0.03 V, Jsc = 12.6 ± 1.0 mA cm(-2), η = 2.0 ± 0.1%), with ITO-sol (Voc = 0.38 ± 0.04 V, Jsc = 12.3 ± 0.8 mA cm(-2), η = 1.3 ± 0.2%), and with each layer solution processed (Voc = 0.49 ± 0.01 V, Jsc = 10.0 ± 1.5 mA cm(-2), η = 1.5 ± 0.2%) with the champion fully-solution processed all-inorganic device showing η = 1.7%. Layers and devices were characterized with UV/Vis spectroscopy, optical profilometry, XRD, XPS and SEM. The results indicate that the reduced performance of the all-solution devices results primarily from increased roughness of the Au film and decreased conductivity of the ITO layer.
A microstructured cathode for fuel cell with self-regulated O<inf>2</inf> bubble creation and consumption (2012)

We introduce a monolithic cathode that self-regulates oxygen supply, ideally complementing the recently developed monolithic anode that self-pumps the fuel. Developed is a microstructured cathode that generates oxygen, consumes generated oxygen bubbles as needed, and stops the generation when not consumed, all in a self-regulating fashion. Cyclic voltammetry confirms that the cathode is capable of reducing oxygen even in the presence of simulating a mixed-reactant condition. Half-cell tests show reasonable current outputs, suggesting a complete (full) fuel cell of no moving parts is feasible.
The In Vivo Expression of Dipeptidyl Peptidases 8 and 9 (2009)

The dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV) enzyme family contains both potential and proven therapeutic targets. Recent reports indicate the presence of DP8 and DP9 in peripheral blood lymphocytes, testis, lung, and brain. For a more comprehensive understanding of DP8 and DP9 tissue and cellular expression, mRNA and enzyme activity were examined. Many organs from C57BL/6 wild-type and DPIV gene-knockout mice were examined; DP8/9 enzyme activity was detected in the immune system, brain, testis, muscle, and epithelia. In situ hybridization localized DP8 and DP9 mRNA to lymphocytes and epithelial cells in liver, gastrointestinal tract, lymph node, spleen, and lung. DP8 and DP9 mRNA was detected in baboon and mouse testis, and DP9 expression was elevated in human testicular cancers. DP8 and DP9 mRNA were ubiquitous in day 17 mouse embryo, with greatest expression in epithelium (skin and gastrointestinal tract) and brain. Thus, DP8 and DP9 are widely expressed enzymes. Their expression in lymphocytes and epithelia indicates potential for roles in the digestive and immune systems. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org. Please visit this article online to view these materials.
Intra- and extra-cavity THz generation from optically and electrically confined photoconducting layers [GaAs] (2003)

A photoconductive terahertz generator with an integrated Bragg mirror is presented. The generator exhibits significantly improved performance. We demonstrate for the first time intra-cavity THz generation using this type of photoconductive emitter.
Deep Network based Automatic Annotation for Warehouse Automation (2018)

The paper presents a deep learning based fully automatic object annotation technique for warehouse application usecase. One of the main challenges that is addressed in this paper is the large amount of manual labour involved in generating datasets for training a deep network. The proposed annotation model is developed by fine-tuning a deep network based object detection framework with ImageNet pre-trained models. We have used Faster RCNN network with pre-trained model VGG-16 and RFCN with ResNet-101. A small set of manually annotated images of single objects are used to automatically generate a dataset of significantly large size within a very short time duration (in real-time). The model also has the competence of precisely localizing the region of any new object that comes into the familiar background. Incorporation of techniques like color augmentation and affine transformation enables the network invariant to rotation, scale and brightness. Augmentation also enables the model to performs well even if the background is different. A clutter generation technique is introduced in the framework which makes the system capable of annotating objects even in a densely populated real-world environment. This work has another significant contribution in detection of objects those are used in Amazon Robotic Challenge (ARC) 2017 where our team was among the four finalist in both picking and stowing task. The automatically generated big dataset is further used to train multi-class detectors using Faster RCNN and RFCN networks to validate the performance of the proposed annotation model. The efficacy of the proposed model is hence demonstrated through various experimental results. The dataset is shared online for the convenience of the reader.
Numerical Simulation of the Storage of Pure CO2 and CO2-H2S Gas Mixtures in Deep Saline Aquifers (2005)

Abstract We have studied strategies for maximizing several phenomena beneficial to large-scale subsurface storage of waste gases such as CO2 and H2S. Numerical simulations using a compositional reservoir simulator were carried out for 10,000 years to understand the flow and long-term storage potential of pure CO2 and CO2-H2S mixtures in deep saline aquifers. Hysteresis in the relative permeability curve results in substantial volumes of gas trapping. Aquifer characteristics such as heterogeneity, dip angle and vertical to horizontal permeability ratio were varied to determine their effect on storage potential and injectivity of a CO2-H2S gas mixture. The opportunity for escape of the gases from the aquifer can be minimized by careful design of injection strategies. One such strategy is to use horizontal wells low in the formation so that all of the injected gases are trapped, dissolved or precipitated before they reach geological seals and/or faults. This allows significantly larger volumes of waste gases to be stored in a given aquifer. Preferential solubility of the H2S in brine reduces the distance H2S travels relative to CO2. Simulations with local grid refinement show that fingering due to buoyancy is mitigated by natural heterogeneity in the aquifer petrophysical properties. Thus the amount of gas trapping observed in coarse-grid simulations is likely to be a reasonable estimate of what can be obtained in the field. Three-dimensional simulations of coupled flow and reactive transport showed that the amount of CO2 sequestered as minerals was small relative to gas trapping and dissolution into brine. However, the mineralization further reduces the already small amount of mobile gas over long periods of time.
Synthesis and properties of fluorinated polyimides from novel 2,2'-bis(fluoroalkoxy)benzidines (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of fluorinated polyimides from novel 2,2'-bis(fluoroalkoxy)benzidinesAndrew E. Feiring, Brian C. Auman, and Edward R. WonchobaCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 11, 2779–2784Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00063a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00063a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1158Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Code division access and switching for multibeam satellite communications (2002)

A code division access and switching method is applied to multibeam satellite fixed service communications. The access scheme is based on a spectrally efficient CDMA (SE-CDMA) while the onboard routing is based on code division switching (CDS). In this article we present the system architecture of the SE-CDMA and CDS, and evaluate the bit error rate performance of the end-to-end connection link. The CDS is a non-blocking switch with complexity linearly proportional to its size which can route calls from an uplink to a downlink beam without onboard demodulation or channel decoding. The SE-CDMA can achieve very low bit error rates at low signal to noise ratio, while it allows frequency reuse one (i.e., reuse of the available spectrum in every beam).
Optical coupling between spherical dielectric atoms (2005)

It is shown that dielectric microspheres with strongly detuned whispering gallery modes can be effectively coupled. The transition from strong to weak coupling is demonstrated as a function of separation between nonidentical microspheres.
Stator design of a new type of spherical piezoelectric motor (2010)

The stator design of a new type of spherical motor driven by piezoelectric actuators is developed. A curved piezoelectric actuator is designed to attach to the spherical surface. A series of the curved piezoelectric actuators is laid in a line around a spherical surface. By applying an appropriate voltage signal with phase difference on neighboring actuators, a traveling wave is generated on the hemispherical shell. Each set of curved piezoelectric actuators is designed to provide motion with a single degree-of-freedom (DOF). With two or three sets of the piezoelectric actuators constructed to be mutually perpendicular, the motor can provide 2-DOF or 3-DOF motion. Stator design and analysis and experiment for the 1-, 2-, and 3-DOF conditions are presented in this article. Analytical calculation and experiment results of several fundamental characteristics of the stator are in good agreement. Performance evaluation of rotation speed and torque of the stator and some implementation problems are also addressed.
Challenges and Future Prospects Associated with Smart Hydrogels for Drug Delivery and Imaging (2020)

In recent years smart hydrogels have emerged as a smart biomaterial. Various smart hydrogel systems have been extensively explored for several biomedical applications and exclusively for therapeutics and diagnostics. The present chapter focuses on the practical challenges faced by the researchers working on the development of smart hydrogels and nanogels for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Due to the complicated synthesis methodologies and the complex reagents involved in the development of the hydrogels, hydrogel technology has faced lot of limitations. Thus, there is an immense need to address these limitations to increase the pace of the clinical applications of hydrogels. Here, we summarize the different challenges associated with hydrogel technology. The chapter also gives a brief overview of recent future prospects of hydrogels in theranostics.
Metasurface-by-design: An emerging concept for antennas and beam forming networks (2013)

This paper discusses about design, analysis and optimization aspects of metasurface antennas. The design procedure of metasurfaces for the realization of shaped beam antennas and application examples are presented. For the fast analysis and for a suitable use in an optimization loop a customized efficient full wave tool has been developed within the 3DAMxLAD module of ADF-EMS (Antenna Design Framework - Electromagnetic Satellite).
Hydrogen from an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor (2005)

A novel fluidized bed membrane reactor has been developed for the production of high-purity hydrogen based on steam methane reforming (SMR). The reactor incorporates perm-selective membranes for in-situ removal of hydrogen from the reactor, thus shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium of the SMR reaction. The membranes also eliminate the need for downstream hydrogen purification.The endothermic reaction duty is provided either by external heating of the vessel wall or through direct air injection into the fluidized catalyst bed (autothermal reforming). The gas flow pattern within the fluidized bed induces internal circulation of catalyst particles between the central reaction (permeation) zone and outer heating zones. The circulating hot catalyst particles from the oxidation zone carry the required endothermic heat of reaction for the reforming while ensuring that the palladium membranes are not exposed to high temperatures or to oxygen. Another characteristic of the reactor configuration is that very little of the nitrogen present in the oxidation air reaches the reaction zone, thus maintaining the hydrogen driving force for the perm-selective membranes.The reactor concept was proven in a pilot reactor (0.13 m diameter, 2.3 m tall). A number of variables were studied, including steam-to-carbon ratio, temperature and pressure. The pilot reactor was operated with both external heating and direct air addition. Pure hydrogen (99.999+%) was obtained from the reactor and an equilibrium shift was demonstrated. The maximum pure hydrogen recovery obtained from the pilot reactor was 0.96 mol H2/mol CH4, limited by the installed membrane surface area for these tests.
Enantioselective Synthesis and Proteasome Inhibition of A-Ring Analogs of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Active Ingredient of Green Tea Extract (2008)

The A-ring analog compound 8 of(-)-EGCG (1), the active ingredient of green tea, and compound 9, analog of the natural catechin 6 from C. salvifolius, as well as their enantiomers 10 and 11 have been synthesized enantioselectively. They show proteasomal inhibitory activities under cell free conditions, at a potency lower than that of (-)-EGCG. The results suggest that the hydroxyl groups in A-ring of (-)-EGCG play a role in enhancing the activity. The acetylated derivatives of these compounds, 12-15, show cytotoxic activities and proteasomal inhibition after cellular intake, presumably acting as pro-drugs.
A Comparative Study of Two Common Pump-Controlled Hydraulic Circuits for Single-Rod Actuators (2023)

Pump-controlled hydraulic circuits are proven to be more efficient than conventional valve-controlled circuits. Pump-controlled hydraulic circuits for double rod cylinders are well developed and are in use in many practical applications. Existing pump-controlled circuits for single-rod actuators experience oscillation issues under specific operating conditions; that is identified as a critical operating zone on the load-velocity plane. The challenge in these circuits is to find out the proper way to compensate for the differential flow at both sides of the cylinder in all operating conditions. The two main types of valves commonly used by researchers, to compensate for differential flow in single-rod cylinder circuits, are: pilot-operated check valves, and shuttle valves. In this research, a performance comparison between circuits equipped with either valves, in terms of the size of the critical zone and the oscillations’ characteristics, was accomplished. Simulation studies showed that the circuits that utilize pilot-operated check valves possesses smaller oscillatory zones and less severe oscillations, when compared to circuits with shuttle valves. Experimental work verified the simulation results and proved the accuracy of the mathematical models. Hence, pump-controlled circuits with pilot-operated check valves are recommended to be the basic platform for further efforts to solve the oscillation problem in pump-controlled circuits.
Progress to Develop an Advanced Solar-Selective Coating (2008)

The progress to develop a durable advanced solar-selective coating will be described. Experimental work has focused on modeling high-temperature, solar-selective coatings; depositing the individual layers and modeled coatings; measuring the optical, thermal, morphology, and compositional properties and using the data to validate the modeled and deposited properties; re-optimizing the coating; and testing the coating performance and durability.
A micro seismometer based on molecular electronic transducer technology for planetary exploration (2013)

This letter describes an implementation of micromachined seismometer based on molecular electronic transducer (MET) technology. As opposed to a solid inertial mass, MET seismometer senses the movement of liquid electrolyte relative to fixed electrodes. The employment of micro-electro-mechanical systems techniques reduces the internal size of the sensing cell to 1μm and improves the reproducibility of the device. For operating bias of 600 mV, a sensitivity of 809 V/(m/s2) was measured under acceleration of 400μg(g≡9.81m/s2) at 0.32 Hz. A −115 dB (relative to (m/s2)/Hz) noise level at 1 Hz was achieved. This work develops an alternative paradigm of seismic sensing device with small size, high sensitivity, low noise floor, high shock tolerance, and independence of installation angle, which is promising for next generation seismometers for planetary exploration.
Monolithic Continuous-Flow Bioreactors (1993)

Monolithic ceramic matrices containing many small flow passages useful as continuous-flow bioreactors. Ceramic matrix containing passages made by extruding and firing suitable ceramic. Pores in matrix provide attachment medium for film of cells and allow free movement of solution. Material one not toxic to micro-organisms grown in reactor. In reactor, liquid nutrients flow over, and liquid reaction products flow from, cell culture immobilized in one set of channels while oxygen flows to, and gaseous reaction products flow from, culture in adjacent set of passages. Cells live on inner surfaces containing flowing nutrient and in pores of walls of passages. Ready access to nutrients and oxygen in channels. They generate continuous high yield characteristic of immobilized cells, without large expenditure of energy otherwise incurred if necessary to pump nutrient solution through dense biomass as in bioreactors of other types.
Syntheses based on 1,2-secopenicillins. Part III. Hydration of 4-(3-substituted prop-2-ynylthio)azetidin-2-ones and a new cephalosporin synthesis (1976)

Addition of secondary amines to the triple bond of 4-(3-substituted prop-2-ynylthio)azetidin-2-ones or the derived sulphoxides, followed by very ready hydrolysis of the resulting enamines, provides a convenient route to the corresponding β-oxo-sulphides and -sulphoxides. Generation of the carbonyl group in this way, followed by an intramolecular Wittig reaction to close the dihydrothiazine ring, leads to a new synthesis of cephalosporins, illustrated by the preparation of an antibacterially active isostere of cephaloridine.
Canine model of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (2005)

Both autonomic nerve activity and electrical remodeling are important in atrial arrhythmogenesis. Therefore, dogs with sympathetic hyperinnervation, myocardial infarction (MI), and complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) may have a high incidence of atrial arrhythmias. We studied eight dogs (experimental group) with MI, CAVB, and sympathetic hyperinnervation induced either by nerve growth factor infusion (n = 4 dogs) or subthreshold electrical stimulation (n = 4 dogs) of the left stellate ganglion. Cardiac rhythm was continuously monitored by a Data Sciences International transmitter for 48 (SD 27) days. Three normal control dogs were also monitored. Six additional normal dogs were used for histology control. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) were documented in all dogs in the experimental group, with an average of 3.8 (SD 3) episodes/day, including 1.3 (SD 1.6) episodes of PAF and 2.5 (SD 2.2) episodes of PAT. The duration averaged 298 (SD 745) s (range, 7-4,000 s). There was a circadian pattern of arrhythmia onset (P < 0.01). Of 576 episodes of PAF and PAT, 236 (41%) episodes occurred during either sustained or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). Among these 236 episodes, 53% started before VT, whereas 47% started after the onset of VT. Normal dogs did not have either PAF or PAT. The hearts from the experimental group had a higher density of nerve structures immunopositive (P < 0.01) for three different nerve specific markers in both right and left atria than those of the control dogs. We conclude that the induction of nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyperinnervation in dogs with CAVB and MI creates a high yield model of PAF and PAT.
Safety and long-term maintenance of anti-HER2 immunity following booster inoculations of the E75 breast cancer vaccine. (2012)

2529 Background: We have completed accrual and are in the follow up portion of phase I/II clinical trials evaluating the E75 HER2 peptide vaccine. E75 has been proven safe, capable of stimulating HER2 immunity, and effective in decreasing breast cancer recurrence rates. During the conduct of this trial, it was noted that E75-specific immunity waned after the Primary Vaccine Series (PVS) which corresponded with late recurrences. To maintain long-term immunity, a voluntary booster program was started. Here we present analysis of the booster inoculations. Methods: The trial enrolled node-positive or high-risk, node-negative breast cancer patients (pts) with tumors expressing any level of HER2 (IHC 1-3+). HLA-A2/A3+ pts comprised the vaccine group (VG), HLA-A2/A3- pts were followed as the control group (CG). The VG received 4-6 monthly inoculations of E75+GM-CSF. Volunteer booster program pts (BG) received inoculations every 6 months after the PVS. Pts were monitored for toxicities, in vivo responses by local reactions (LR) and DTH, and in vitro responses measured by enumeration of E75 specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Results: 53 pts received at least 1 booster, 34 received 2, 24 three, 20 four, 12 five, and 8 at least 6. 24% of pts had no local toxicity, 73% Grade 1 (G1), 3% G2. 74% had no systemic toxicity, 35% G1, 1% G2. LRs increased significantly from the initial vaccine (R1) during PVS to each booster (B) (R1: 59.5±3.1 v B1: 89.2±3.3, p<0.001; v B2: 95.15±5, p<0.001; v B3: 86.63±5.5, p<0.001; v B4: 83.26±4.6, p=<0.001; v B5: 80.67±6.7, p=0.006; v B6: 78.75±9.4, p=0.04). Dimer values increased from the end of PVS to each post-booster value (pre B1:1.29±0.25 v post B1: 1.46±0.38; post B2: 1.41±0.4; post B3: 1.84±0.35; post B4: 2.23±0.4; post B5:1.94±0.31; post B6: 2.73±0.09, p=0.02). At median 60 months, the recurrence rate for BG was 3.8% vs 18.9% in the CG (p=0.01). Conclusions: Booster inoculations are well-tolerated and appear to assist in the maintenance of long term peptide-specific immunity. Boosted pts have improved recurrence rates. Based on the success of this program, we have incorporated the practice of booster inoculations in our current cancer vaccine trials.