gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Isoplatensimycin: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Calculation of Minimum Miscibility Pressure (1987)

Summary An algorithm is presented for the calculation of the thermodynamic minimum miscibility pressure (TMMP) consistent with an equation-of-state (EOS) -based fluid description. This algorithm handles both condensing and vaporizing miscibility mechanisms. TMMP calculations are included for a ternary mixture of pure components, as well as a reservoir-oil/CO2 system.
Continuous wave power scaling in high power broad area quantum cascade lasers (2018)

Experimental and model results for high power broad area quantum cascade lasers are presented. Continuous wave power scaling from 1.62 W to 2.34 W has been experimentally demonstrated for 3.15 mm-long, high reflection-coated 5.6 μm quantum cascade lasers with 15 stage active region for active region width increased from 10 μm to 20 μm. A semi-empirical model for broad area devices operating in continuous wave mode is presented. The model uses measured pulsed transparency current, injection efficiency, waveguide losses, and differential gain as input parameters. It also takes into account active region self-heating and sub-linearity of pulsed power vs current laser characteristic. The model predicts that an 11% improvement in maximum CW power and increased wall plug efficiency can be achieved from 3.15 mm x 25 μm devices with 21 stages of the same design but half doping in the active region. For a 16-stage design with a reduced stage thickness of 300Å, pulsed roll-over current density of 6 kA/cm<sup>2</sup> , and InGaAs waveguide layers; optical power increase of 41% is projected. Finally, the model projects that power level can be increased to ~4.5 W from 3.15 mm × 31 μm devices with the baseline configuration with T<sub>0</sub> increased from 140 K for the present design to 250 K.
A study of trench-edge defect formation in (001) and (011) silicon recrystallized by solid phase epitaxy (2007)

Trench-edge defects formed during epitaxial recrystallization of trench-bounded amorphized silicon (a-Si) regions are examined as a function of Si substrate crystal orientation. In Si (001), rectilinear a-Si features having edges aligned with the crystal’s in-plane ⟨110⟩ directions recrystallize leaving trench-edge defects along all trench edges, whereas the identical features in Si (011) recrystallize without trench-edge defects along trench edges parallel to the crystal’s in-plane ⟨100⟩ direction and with trench-edge defects along trench edges parallel to the crystal’s in-plane ⟨110⟩ direction. The positions and lateral extent of these trench-edge defects suggest that their source is defective epitaxy on slow-growing {111} planes formed during recrystallization. A heuristic model proposed to explain the formation of these {111} planes correctly predicts the essentially defect-free recrystallization seen for rectilinear a-Si features in Si (001) having edges aligned with the crystal’s in-plane ⟨100⟩ directions, but cannot completely account for the distinctively curved growth fronts sometimes seen at intermediate stages of recrystallization.
Treatment of atopic dermatitis with ruxolitinib cream (JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor) or triamcinolone cream (2019)

RUX cream provided rapid and sustained improvements in AD symptoms and was well tolerated.
Parallel Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis X Mimetics on a Solid Phase: Access to a Library of Fucopeptides (1998)

A novel anchoring group p-(acyloxymethyl)benzylidene acetal (p-AMBA) enables the bidirectional functionalization of glycosylated amino acid derivatives and thus the rapid parallel synthesis of fucopeptides as sialyl Lewis X mimetics on a solid phase [Eq. (a), PEG-PS=poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymer]. This led to the discovery of new mimetics against P-selectin with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the low μM range.
Optical clock recovery using SOA for relative timing extraction between counterpropagating short picosecond pulses (2002)

A technique that determines the relative arrival timing difference between two counterpropagating picosecond pulses in a nonlinear waveguide is presented. Optical clock recovery experiment constructed around a semiconductor optical amplifier demonstrates a recovered clock with less than 100 fs of jitter. The bit-error-rate measurement at 10 GHz, using 2/sup 31/-1 long pseudorandom bit sequence data, revealed error free operation.
Establishment of a Predictive In Vitro Assay for Assessment of the Hepatotoxic Potential of Oligonucleotide Drugs (2016)

Single stranded oligonucleotides (SSO) represent a novel therapeutic modality that opens new space to address previously undruggable targets. In spite of their proven efficacy, the development of promising SSO drug candidates has been limited by reported cases of SSO-associated hepatotoxicity. The mechanisms of SSO induced liver toxicity are poorly understood, and up to now no preclinical in vitro model has been established that allows prediction of the hepatotoxicity risk of a given SSO. Therefore, preclinical assessment of hepatic liability currently relies on rodent studies that require large cohorts of animals and lengthy protocols. Here, we describe the establishment and validation of an in vitro assay using primary hepatocytes that recapitulates the hepatotoxic profile of SSOs previously observed in rodents. In vitro cytotoxicity upon unassisted delivery was measured as an increase in extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and concomitant reduction in intracellular glutathione and ATP levels after 3 days of treatment. Furthermore, toxic, but not safe, SSOs led to an increase in miR-122 in cell culture supernatants after 2 days of exposure, revealing the potential use of miR122 as a selective translational biomarker for detection of SSO-induced hepatotoxicity. Overall, we have developed and validated for the first time a robust in vitro screening assay for SSO liver safety profiling which allows rapid prioritization of candidate molecules early on in development.
Identifying the Operational Design Domain for an Automated Driving System through Assessed Risk (2020)

Assuring the safety of autonomous vehicles is one of the most significant challenges in the automotive industry. Tech companies and automotive manufacturers use the idea of Operational Design Domain (ODD) to indicate where their Automated Driving Systems (ADS) can operate safely. By definition from SAE J3016, an ODD defines where the ADS is designed to operate. However, it is loosely defined in no particular format, and it is unclear how exactly to formulate the ODD, which leaves it up to the ADS developer to determine. This paper proposes a methodology to identify an ODD for an ADS with statistical data and risk tolerance, where the identified ODD is constituted of a geographical map where the risk of ADS operation is lower than the pre-determined risk threshold for a given set of environmental conditions. Two different ADSs are run through this method as an example to showcase the methodology and link the identified ODD directly to the calculated performance of the ADSs. This systematically generated ODD can mitigate potential safety issues by informing the limitations of the ADS to safety drivers, through geographic and environmental boundaries.
Robust High-Resolution Fine OCT Needle for Side-Viewing Interstitial Tissue Imaging (2009)

Fine optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging needles that can be integrated with a standard biopsy needle have been developed with a new optics design to improve the optical quality and mechanical robustness, where a fiber-optic lens (that is spliced to a single-mode fiber) and a microreflector are encased within a microglass tube. The design also minimizes the cylindrical lens effect induced by the glass tube and eases the needle assembly process. Real-time cross-sectional OCT imaging of various tissue samples were performed <i>ex vivo</i> using the miniature-imaging needle along with a 1300-nm swept-source OCT system. The preliminary results demonstrate the improved mechanical and optical performance and suggest the potential of the fine OCT needle for minimally invasive interstitial imaging and image-guided biopsy.
On-chip wavelength multiplexed detection of cancer DNA biomarkers in blood (2016)

We have developed an optofluidic analysis system that processes biomolecular samples starting from whole blood and then analyzes and identifies multiple targets on a silicon-based molecular detection platform. We demonstrate blood filtration, sample extraction, target enrichment, and fluorescent labeling using programmable microfluidic circuits. We detect and identify multiple targets using a spectral multiplexing technique based on wavelength-dependent multi-spot excitation on an antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide chip. Specifically, we extract two types of melanoma biomarkers, mutated cell-free nucleic acids -BRAFV600E and NRAS, from whole blood. We detect and identify these two targets simultaneously using the spectral multiplexing approach with up to a 96% success rate. These results point the way toward a full front-to-back chip-based optofluidic compact system for high-performance analysis of complex biological samples.
Visual tunnel analysis for visibility prediction and camera planning (2002)

A sequence of images taken along a camera trajectory captures a subset of scene appearance. If visibility space is the space that encapsulates the appearance of the scene at every conceivable pose and viewing angle, then the act of acquiring the image sequence constitutes "carving a volume in visibility space." We call such a volume a visual tunnel. The analysis of the visual tunnel allows us to do the following: predict the range of virtual camera poses in which the images can be reconstructed totally using the captured rays, predict which parts of the image can be generated for a given virtual camera pose, and plan camera paths for scene visualization at desired locations. We describe our visual tunnel concept and provide illustrative examples in 2D and 3D.
TH-D-BRC-07: Impact of Respiratory Biofeedback On Adaptively Sampled 4D-CBCT Image Quality: Initial Experiences (2009)

Purpose: Linac-mounted 4D-Cone Beam CT (CBCT) imaging is an important tool for IGRT. Our protocol uses an in-house built audio-video (AV) biofeedback device to regularize patient respiration during 4D-CBCT data acquisition. In this study, the impact of the respiratory stabilization on phase-correlated 4D-CBCT image quality is evaluated in our full field-of-view (FOV) 4D-CBCT procedure using the Varian OBI and RPM respiratory monitoring system. Materials and methods: We have implemented a 4D-CBCT imaging procedure with a 450.0 mm diameter FOV using adaptive acquisition time and projection sampling frequency. An AV respiratory biofeedback device consisting of a LCD visual and audio feedback channels was used. It provides the patient with a real-time visual and auditory cues whenever the RPM deviates from the selected reference breathing trace. During the 8∼10 minute data acquisition, the patient was instructed to duplicate the reference trace as closely as possible both in terms of displacement and time. The acquired projections were sorted into 10 groups by the associated phase recorded by the RPM system. The effects of the AV biofeedback on the respiratory regularity were studied in terms of average cycle length, baseline variation and displacement. Subsequently, the corresponding 4D-CBCT images were compared with different acquisition AV modes, such as free breathing, audio only and AV regularization. Results: The patient respiratory track presents larger variation in the free-breathing data acquisition. The auditory instruction to the patient exhibits control of the displacement but a noticeable baseline drift through the time. The AV biofeedback device improves the reproducibility of respiratory pattern. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the AV biofeedback device improved the reproducibility of patient respiratory pattern in our 4D-CBCT data acquisition. The image quality benefits from the improved projection consistency within an extended time span in every phase bin. Supported by PPG NIH P01 116602.
Ionized-cluster beam deposition (1975)

We describe a form of deposition in which material is vaporized in a crucible and the vapor then ejected through a fine nozzle at the focus of an electron beam in a high vacuum. The vapor, on emerging from the nozzle, is partially condensed into clusters that are ionized by electron bombardment and then accelerated onto the substrate. The deposited films show good adhesion and large crystallite size. Examples include the deposition of Cu onto glass, Si onto Si, and ZnS onto NaCl.
Struktur und Reaktivität eines Triazolobenzodiazepin/Oxalylchlorid‐Addukts (1978)

Structure and Reactivity of a Triazolo‐benzodiazepine/Oxalyl Chloride Adduct Reaction of oxalyl chloride with N, N‐dimethyl‐{8‐chloro‐6‐(0‐fluorophenyl)‐ 4H, 11 H‐[1,2,4]triazolo [1,5‐α] [1,4]benzodiazepine}‐2‐carboxamide ( 6a ), the syn‐thesis of which is described, leads to the cyclic adduct N, N‐dimethyl‐{2,12,12‐trichloro‐13a‐(0‐fluorophenyl)‐11‐oxo‐10,11,12,13a‐tetrahydro‐5H, 9H‐[1,3]oxazolo [3,2‐d] [1,2,4]triazolo [1,5‐a] [1,4]benzodiazepine}‐7‐carboxamide ( 7a ). Upon thermolysis 7a is partly reconverted to the starting diazepine 6a via loss of the elements of oxalyl chloride. Reduction of 7a with sodium borohydride also yields 6a in addition to its dihydro derivative 9 . Energetic treatment of 7a with sodium methoxide leads to the unexpected methoxydiazepines 10a and 10b , and mild treatment of 7a with sodium methoxide to the stereoselective formation of the two precursors of 10 , namely the chloromethoxy derivative 11 and the dimethoxy derivative 12 . Epimerization of 11 followed by nucleophilic substitution gives a mixture of two dimethoxy compounds, 12 and its epimer 14 . The configurational assignments of these derivatives are based upon X‐ray analysis of 12 . A possible pathway for this unexpected substitution reaction is proposed.
Role of Tilted Adhesion Fibrils (Setae) in the Adhesion and Locomotion of Gecko-like Systems (2008)

Geckos are super climbers: they can readily and rapidly stick to almost any surface, whether hydrophilic or hydrophobic, rough or smooth, in dry or wet conditions, and detach with equal rapidity within tens of milliseconds. In this paper, we discuss the rapid switching between the strong adhesion/friction (attached) state and zero adhesion/friction (detached) state, and present a finite element analysis of gecko setae in terms of their adhesion and friction forces. The analysis shows why the asymmetric, naturally curved setae with a directional tilt play a crucial role in the gecko's articulation mechanism, consistent with recent experimental studies of gecko setal arrays. We derive guidelines for designing synthetic versions of gecko adhesive pads, and propose a design for a "gecko-inspired" adhesive surface consisting of arrays of curved, asymmetric, and directionally oriented microfibrils, attached to a semirigid backing, and suggest a method for its actuation.
Integrated Electrowetting Nanoinjector for Single Cell Transfection (2016)

Single cell transfection techniques are essential to understand the heterogeneity between cells. We have developed an integrated electrowetting nanoinjector (INENI) to transfect single cells. The high transfection efficiency, controlled dosage delivery and ease of INENI fabrication promote the widespread application of the INENI in cell transfection assays.
Development of a Multichannel Turbidimetric-Kinetic Photometer for the Quantitative Determination of Endotoxin (1989)

A turbidimetric-kinetic photometer which monitors 64 samples simultaneously and independently has been developed for the automated measurement of endotoxin. This instrument measures the turbidity change at 660 nm in a gelation reaction of the LAL/endotoxin system and automatically scores the reaction time required to obtain a certain turbidity change as gelation time. Since a stationary dry bath incubator controls the reaction temperature of the samples at 37 ± 0.5°C and also controls the ambience of the optical system assembled into the incubator, the objective detection of gelation is provided without any disturbance from sample vibration, and the drift of the detection system is minimized. An extremely wide range for the calibration curve, such as 4 or 5 orders of magnitude of endotoxin concentration, is obtained without sample dilution. The coefficients of variation of the calculated endotoxin concentration are 4.91 to 14.0%.
Elevated Serum Levels of 3-Deoxyglucosone, a Potent Protein-Cross-Linking Intermediate of the Maillard Reaction, in Uremic Patients (1995)

3-Deoxyglucosone (3-DG) has been identified as an intermediate of the Maillard reaction in vitro. We measured serum 3-DG levels using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and found a marked elevation in serum 3-DG levels in uremic patients compared with healthy subjects. The uremic patients with diabetes showed significantly higher serum concentrations of 3-DG than those without diabetes. 3-DG was demonstrated to be a potent protein-cross-linking agent in the reaction with lysozyme, leading to browning, fluorescence formation and polymerization of the protein by formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). The increase in serum 3-DG levels in the uremic patients suggests that 3-DG may be responsible for the development of uremic complications by promoting the formation of AGE.
Dyeing of Textiles in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1993)

A new dyeing process is reported for synthetic fibers and fabrics. The use of super critical fluids, especially supercritical carbon dioxide, as dyeing media completely avoids water pollution. Laboratory results are reported on the dyeing of poly(ethylene tere phthalate) and other synthetic materials and on factors influencing dye uptake and levelness. The fundamentals and future aspects of this new procedure are discussed.
DNA fingerprinting of pathogenic bacteria by fluorophore-enhanced repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. (1995)

Fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotide primers complementary to defined interspersed repetitive sequences conserved in diverse bacteria were used in the polymerase chain reaction to generate DNA fingerprint patterns from selected pathogenic bacteria. Fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction allowed discrimination between unrelated isolates of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from pediatric patients and Mycobacterium avium cultured from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Combinations of oligonucleotide primers labeled with distinct fluorescent dyes enabled simultaneous DNA fingerprinting and Shiga-like toxin gene detection in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolates. Fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction was performed with either purified DNA or intact cells that were lysed during the polymerase chain reaction. Fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction successfully combines polymerase chain reaction amplification and fluorescent label detection for DNA fingerprinting of cultured bacterial pathogens.
A new method of monitoring corrosion (1988)

This article describes how the expansion associated with corrosion can be used as the basis for a sensitive method of measuring corrosion behavior. Devices that employ this principle have been developed at the Central Electricity Research Laboratories (CERL) for use as Environmental Corrosion Monitors (ECMs) and give excellent reproducibility. Their remarkable sensitivity enables them to be used to provide continuous monitoring of atmospheric corrosion processes. This new method of monitoring corrosion is likely to be applicable in many areas--especially where the expansion associated with corrosion is the process that causes structural degradation. The most important of these is the degradation of steel-reinforced concrete structures for the study of which ECMs are well suited as they allow direct determination of the corrosion jacking behavior.
Endogenous Control of Hippocampal Epileptogenesis: A Molecular Cascade Involving Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuropeptide Y (2000)

Our results suggest that the seizure-induced increase in BDNF expression in the hippocampus may constitute an endogenous protective mechanism able to counteract hippocampal epileptogenesis. This protective effect appears to be mediated at least in part through the regulation of NPY expression.
Development and Evaluation of Environmental Barrier Coatings for Silicon Nitride (2002)

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are required for applications of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon carbide (SiC) based materials in gas turbine engines because of the accelerated oxidation of Si3N4 and SiC and subsequent volatilization of silica in the high temperature high-pressure steam environment. EBC systems for silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (SiC/SiC CMC’s) were first developed and have been demonstrated via long-term engine tests. Recently, studies have been carried out at United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) to understand the temperature capability of the current celsian-based EBC systems and its suitability for silicon nitride ceramics concerning thermal expansion mismatch between the EBC coating and silicon nitride substrates. This paper will present recent progress in improving the temperature capability of the celsian –based EBC systems and discuss their effectiveness for silicon nitride.
Identifying fatigue crack geometric features from acoustic emission signals (2016)

Acoustic emission (AE) caused by the growth of fatigue crack were well studied by researchers. Conventional approaches predominantly are based on statistical analysis. In this study we focus on identifying geometric features of the crack from the AE signals using physics based approach. One of the main challenges of this approach is to develop a physics of materials based understanding of the generation and propagation of acoustic emissions due to the growth of a fatigue crack. As the geometry changes due to the crack growth, so does the local vibration modes around the crack. Our aim is to understand these changing local vibration modes and find possible relation between the AE signal features and the geometric features of the crack. Finite element (FE) analysis was used to model AE events due to fatigue crack growth. This was done using dipole excitation at the crack tips. Harmonic analysis was also performed on these FE models to understand the local vibration modes. Experimental study was carried out to verify these results. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) were used to excite cracked specimen and the local vibration modes were captured using laser Doppler vibrometry. The preliminary results show that the AE signals do carry the information related to the crack geometry.
Evanescent-mode metamaterial resonator based signal sources (2013)

A novel evanescent-mode metamaterial resonator based oscillator is discussed for current and later generation wireless communication systems. The reported paper features tunable multi-band oscillators with significantly reduced size and power consumption compared to separate oscillators for use in multiple bands, multi-mode wireless communication systems.