gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An optical packet switch design with shared electronic buffering and low bit rate add/drop inputs (2003)

An optical packet switch design using optical switching and shared electronic buffering is described and analyzed. The electronic buffering and add/drop unit allows random memory access, variable packet length, and aggregation/segregation of low bit rate streams. The design is scalable to a large number of wavelengths, and employs contention resolution by using the wavelength dimension combined with electronic buffering. The number of buffer inputs, i.e. the number of optoelectronic conversions, is minimized. The packet loss and delay performance when using fixed packet length and electronic buffering are investigated by simulation. If the link utilization is moderate, the buffering requirements becomes minimal. If number of wavelengths in the link is increased, the number of buffer inputs can be reduced. With a sufficiently high number of wavelengths, the buffer requirements is minimal, even when the link utilization is high.
Enhanced Jump-Stay Rendezvous Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Networks (2013)

Rendezvous is a fundamental operation for cognitive users to establish communication links. In [5], we proposed a jump-stay (JS) rendezvous algorithm which was shown to have the overall best performance. In this work, we propose an enhanced jump-stay (EJS) algorithm. Compared with JS, EJS lowers the upper-bounds of both the maximum time-to-rendezvous (MTTR) and the expected time-to-rendezvous (E(TTR)) from O(P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) to O(P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) under the asymmetric model, while keeping the same order O(P) of upper-bounds of MTTR and E(TTR) under the symmetric mode, where P is the smallest prime number greater than the total number of channels.
Accurate phase measurements for thick spherical objects using optical quadrature microscopy (2009)

<i>In vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) procedures have resulted in the birth of over three million babies since 1978. Yet the live birth rate in the United States was only 34% in 2005, with 32% of the successful pregnancies resulting in multiple births. These multiple pregnancies were directly attributed to the transfer of multiple embryos to increase the probability that a single, healthy embryo was included. Current viability markers used for IVF, such as the cell number, symmetry, size, and fragmentation, are analyzed qualitatively with differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. However, this method is not ideal for quantitative measures beyond the 8-cell stage of development because the cells overlap and obstruct the view within and below the cluster of cells. We have developed the phase-subtraction cell-counting method that uses the combination of DIC and optical quadrature microscopy (OQM) to count the number of cells accurately in live mouse embryos beyond the 8-cell stage. We have also created a preliminary analysis to measure the cell symmetry, size, and fragmentation quantitatively by analyzing the relative dry mass from the OQM image in conjunction with the phase-subtraction count. In this paper, we will discuss the characterization of OQM with respect to measuring the phase accurately for spherical samples that are much larger than the depth of field. Once fully characterized and verified with human embryos, this methodology could provide the means for a more accurate method to score embryo viability.
Abstract 127: MicroRNA-328 is associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastasis and mediates NSCLC migration (2011)

Abstract Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths and ∼88% of patients with primary lung malignancy have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Brain metastasis (BM) can affect up to 25% of these patients during their lifetime. There is surely a need for improvement in patient stratification to identify lung cancer patients at higher risk of developing BM. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been studied to characterize tumors. We investigated miRNAs that may serve as biomarkers to differentiate between NSCLC patients with and without BM. Experimental Design: A miRNA brain metastasis classifier described in Nasser et al was validated on a set of 15 other patients(ref1). Following these experiments, miR-328 (one of the two markers that could successfully classify BM+ cases) was over-expressed in A549, a NSCLC cell line, using a lentiviral system. These miR-328 over-expressing cells were then used for gene expression studies using Agilent microarrays. These cells were also used for cell migration studies. Transient transfection of gene specific siRNA was used to demonstrate the role of PRKCA (gene upregulated in miR-328 over-expressing cells) in migration of NSCLC cells. Results: A miRNA classifier was built based on 12 samples from clinically matched NSCLC from patients with BM (BM+) and without BM (BM-)(ref1). This classifier consisting of miR-328 and miR-330-3p expression was able to correctly classify BM+ vs. BM- patients. It was then used on a validation cohort and correctly classified 12/15 patients. Comparison of gene expression profiles of A549 parental and A549 cells stably transfected to over-express miR-328 (A549-328) identified several significantly differentially-expressed genes. PRKCA was one of the genes upregulated in A549-328 cells. Its upregulation in A549-328 cells was confirmed at the protein level by western blotting. A549-328 cells have significantly increased cell migration compared to A549 cells, and knockdown of PRKCA by transient siRNA transfection leads to significant reduction in this migration potential. Conclusion: miR-328 has a role in conferring migratory potential to NSCLC cells working in part through PRKCA. With further corroboration, these miRNAs may be incorporated into clinical treatment decision-making to stratify NSCLC patients at higher risk for developing brain metastasis. Reference 1. Nasser S, Ranade A, Sridhar S, Haney L, Korn RL, Gotway MB, Weiss GJ, Kim S. Identifying MiRNA and Imaging Features Associated with Metastasis of Lung Cancer to the Brain. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics & Biomedicine 2009:246-51. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 127. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-127
Development of a simple device for processing whole-blood samples into measured aliquots of plasma. (1986)

A capillary processor and aliquoter has been designed and fabricated that is capable of accepting aliquots of whole blood and automatically processing them into discrete aliquots of plasma. The device consists of two disks, each of which contains 16 individual capillaries and a processing rotor. One disk accepts larger capillaries that hold approximately 100 microL of whole blood each. The second disk accepts 2.54-cm-long precision capillaries of various internal diameters, which provide exact sample volumes from 1 to 10 microL. The processing rotor contains 16 individual compartments and chambers to accept both disks. Applying centrifugal force transfers the aliquots of whole blood into their respective compartments, where they are separated into cellular and plasma fractions. As the rotor speed is slowly decreased, an aliquot of plasma is withdrawn by capillary action into each measuring capillary. The disk containing the 16 measured aliquots of plasma is then removed and placed into a modified rotor for conventional centrifugal analysis. This device can entrain and deliver microliter volumes of liquids with precision and accuracy (1-2%) near that of mechanical pipettes. Assays of the separated plasma aliquots also have acceptable precision (e.g., CVs approximately 3% for measurements of serum enzymes).
Development of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Derived From Plasmablasts of Infected Cattle and Their Germline Gene Usage (2019)

Cattle are susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), and neutralizing antibodies are critical for protection against FMDV infection in this species. However, more information is needed on the host specific antigenic structure recognized by the FMDV-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and on the functional properties of the mAb that are produced in the natural host, cattle. Herein, we characterized 55 plasmablast-derived mAbs from three FMDV-infected cattle and obtained 28 FMDV-neutralizing antibodies by the single B cell antibody technique. The neutralizing mAbs (27/28) mainly recognized conformational epitopes that differ from the well-characterized immunodominant antigenic site 1 of FMDV as defined by murine mAbs. Of these FMDV-neutralizing mAbs, 13 mAbs showed intra-type broadly neutralizing activity against the three topotypes of FMDV serotype O (ME-SA, SEA, and Cathay topotypes). Moreover, all these intra-type broadly neutralizing antibodies competed with sera from FMDV infected or vaccinated cattle, which indicates their binding to native dominant epitopes, as revealed by a blocking ELISA. We further analyzed the germline V(D)J gene usage of the 55 FMDV-specific mAbs and found cattle IgG antibodies containing ultralong HCDR3 were exclusively restricted to usage of the germline gene segment V<sub>H</sub> 1-7<sup>*</sup>02. In addition, the restricted germline gene segments of V<sub>H</sub> 1-7<sup>*</sup>02 and V<sub>L</sub>1-47<sup>*</sup>01 or 1-52<sup>*</sup>01 pairing were observed in all IgG antibodies with ultralong HCDR3. Furthermore, antibodies with longer HCDR3 were more inclined to display FMDV-neutralizing activity. This study presents a novel method for screening FMDV-specific cattle mAbs which then provide the most useful tools for studying FMDV antigenic structure and variation.
Methods of and apparatus for radiation measurement, and specifically for in vivo radiation measurement (1986)

Methods of and apparatus for in vivo radiation measurements rely on a MOSFET dosimeter of high radiation sensitivity which operates in both the passive mode to provide an integrated dose detector and active mode to provide an irradiation rate detector. A compensating circuit with a matched unirradiated MOSFET is provided to operate at a current designed to eliminate temperature dependence of the device. Preferably, the MOSFET is rigidly mounted in the end of a miniature catheter and the catheter is implanted in the patient proximate the radiation source.
Perceptual Video Coding Based on SSIM-Inspired Divisive Normalization (2012)

We propose a perceptual video coding framework based on the divisive normalization scheme, which is found to be an effective approach to model the perceptual sensitivity of biological vision, but has not been fully exploited in the context of video coding. At the macroblock (MB) level, we derive the normalization factors based on the structural similarity (SSIM) index as an attempt to transform the discrete cosine transform domain frame residuals to a perceptually uniform space. We further develop an MB level perceptual mode selection scheme and a frame level global quantization matrix optimization method. Extensive simulations and subjective tests verify that, compared with the H.264/AVC video coding standard, the proposed method can achieve significant gain in terms of rate-SSIM performance and provide better visual quality.
Resolving the thermal challenges for silicon microring resonator devices (2013)

Abstract Silicon microring resonators have been hailed for their potential use in next‐generation optical interconnects. However, the functionality of silicon microring based devices suffer from susceptibility to thermal fluctuations that is often overlooked in their demonstrated results, but must be resolved for their future implementation in microelectronic applications. We survey the emerging efforts that have been put forth to resolve these thermal susceptibilities and provide a comprehensive discussion of their advantages and disadvantages.
The Use of Nahcolite Ore and Bag Filters For Sulfur Dioxide Emission Control (1975)

This paper describes some technical and economic aspects of the nahcolite ore injection process for the simultaneous removal of fly ash and sulfur oxides from stack gases. The process is capable of removing greater than 99% of the particulate matter and greater than 70% of the sulfur oxides present in such gases. In the process, nahcolite ore, a naturally occurring material containing 70 to 90% sodium bicarbonate, is ground to 90% passing through —200 mesh screens. Approximately 20% of the ground ore is used to precoat the filter bags in a baghouse filter while the remainder of the material is fed into the flue gas Just ahead of the baghouse. The flue gas is drawn through the baghouse by induced draft fans and sent up the stack. Most of the SO2 and practically all of the fly ash in the flue gas can be removed as the gas passes through the filter bags. The spent nahcolite ore and fly ash are collected and conveyed to waste disposal as landfill, or alternatively processed for insolubilization by coprecipitation prior to landfilling. The technical feasibility of the process has been demonstrated in both bench scale and pilot scale engineering studies. Economic analyses performed for the cases of plants located in the midwest and southwest indicate lower capital costs for the nahcolite injection process when compared to wet scrubbing. On an annual cost basis, the nahcolite ore Injection process is comparable in cost to wet scrubbing for the case of the southwestern power plant, and somewhat more expensive for the case of the midwestern plant.
An open study of dehydroepiandrosterone in systemic lupus erythematosus (1994)

DHEA shows promise as a new therapeutic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate SLE. Further studies of DHEA in the treatment of SLE are warranted.
IMPROVED EXACT FBP ALGORITHM FOR SPIRAL CT (2001)

The overall activity of the Surgical Ward of the Children's Department, University Medical School of Pécs, was analysed in the 40-year period of 1940-1980 in order to illustrate the rapid development in the surgical care of infants and children. A scoring system, based on the magnitude of surgical interventions and patient age, was worked out to prove this progress. The most remarkable feature of the development of paediatric surgery is that more skillful and time-consuming surgery is required in much younger patients. In order to meet the higher demands, the conditions of such a service should further be improved.
Devices for Improved Delivery of Nebulized Pharmaceutical Aerosols to the Lungs (2019)

Nebulizers have a number of advantages for the delivery of inhaled pharmaceutical aerosols, including the use of aqueous formulations and the ability to deliver process-sensitive proteins, peptides, and biological medications. A frequent disadvantage of nebulized aerosols is poor lung delivery efficiency, which wastes valuable medications, increases delivery times, and may increase side effects of the medication. A focus of previous development efforts and previous nebulizer reviews, has been an improvement of the underlying nebulization technology controlling the breakup of a liquid into droplets. However, for a given nebulization technology, a wide range of secondary devices and strategies can be implemented to significantly improve lung delivery efficiency of the aerosol. This review focuses on secondary devices and technologies that can be implemented to improve the lung delivery efficiency of nebulized aerosols and potentially target the region of drug delivery within the lungs. These secondary devices may (1) modify the aerosol size distribution, (2) synchronize aerosol delivery with inhalation, (3) reduce system depositional losses at connection points, (4) improve the patient interface, or (5) guide patient inhalation. The development of these devices and technologies is also discussed, which often includes the use of computational fluid dynamic simulations, three-dimensional printing and rapid prototype device and airway model construction, realistic <i>in vitro</i> experiments, and <i>in vivo</i> analysis. Of the devices reviewed, the implementation of streamlined components may be the most direct and lowest cost approach to enhance aerosol delivery efficiency within nonambulatory nebulizer systems. For applications involving high-dose medications or precise dose administration, the inclusion of active devices to control aerosol size, guide inhalation, and synchronize delivery with inhalation hold considerable promise.
Photovoltaic cell with high conversion efficiency (2003)

Disclosed is a photovoltaic cell comprising a substrate having an electrode layer (1) on the surface and having a porous metal oxide semiconductor film (2) which is formed on the electrode layer (1) and on which a photosensitizer is adsorbed, a substrate having an electrode layer (3) on the surface, both of said substrates being arranged in such a manner that the electrode layer (1) and the electrode layer (3) face each other, and an electrolyte layer provided between the semiconductor film (2) and the electrode layer (3), wherein the semiconductor film (2) contains an inhibitor of back current, and at least one pair of substrate and electrode layer thereon have transparency. The photovoltaic cell is capable of inhibiting back current and decomposition of a spectrosensitizing dye caused by the ultraviolet rays, has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and is capable of generating high electromotive force.
Impact of Spontaneous Haploid Genome Doubling in Maize Breeding (2020)

Doubled haploid (DH) technology has changed the maize-breeding landscape in recent years. Traditionally, DH production requires the use of chemical doubling agents to induce haploid genome doubling and, subsequently, male fertility. These chemicals can be harmful to humans and the plants themselves, and typically result in a doubling rate of 10%-30%. Spontaneous genome doubling and male fertility of maize haploids, without using chemical doubling agents, have been observed to a limited extent, for nearly 70 years. Rates of spontaneous haploid genome doubling (SHGD) have ranged from less than 5% to greater than 50%. Recently, there has been increased interest to forgo chemical treatment and instead utilize this natural method of doubling. Genetic-mapping studies comprising worldwide germplasm have been conducted. Of particular interest has been the detection of large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting SHGD. Having a single large-effect QTL with an additive nature provides flexibility for the method of introgression, such as marker-assisted backcrossing, marker-assisted gene pyramiding, and systematic design. Moreover, it allows implementation of new methodologies, such as haploid-inducer mediated genome editing (HI-edit) and promotion of alleles by genome editing. We believe the use of SHGD can further enhance the impact of DH technology in maize.
WARPED LINEAR PREDICTION FOR IMPROVED PERCEPTUAL QUALITY IN THE SCELP LOW DELAY AUDIO CODEC (W-SCELP) (2007)

The SCELP (Spherical Code Excited Linear Prediction) audio codec, which has recently been proposed for low delay audio coding [5], is based on linear prediction (LP). It applies closed-loop vector quantization employing a spherical code which is based on the Apple Peeling code construction rule. Frequency warped signal processing is known to be beneficial especially in the context of wideband audio coding based on warped linear prediction (WLP). In this contribution, WLP is incorporated into the SCELP low delay audio codec. The overall audio quality of the resulting W-SCELP codec benefits from an improved perceptual masking of the quantization noise. Compared with existing standardized audio codecs with an algorithmic delay below 10 ms, the W-SCELP codec at a data rate of 48 kbit/sec outperforms the ITU-T G.722 codec at a data rate of 56 kbit/sec in terms of the achievable audio quality. 1.
Extragenic Suppressors of the Arabidopsis <i>gai</i>Mutation Alter the Dose-Response Relationship of Diverse Gibberellin Responses1 (1999)

Active gibberellins (GAs) are endogenous factors that regulate plant growth and development in a dose-dependent fashion. Mutant plants that are GA deficient, or exhibit reduced GA responses, display a characteristic dwarf phenotype. Extragenic suppressor analysis has resulted in the isolation of Arabidopsis mutations, which partially suppress the dwarf phenotype conferred by GA deficiency and reduced GA-response mutations. Here we describe detailed studies of the effects of two of these suppressors, spy-7 and gar2-1, on several different GA-responsive growth processes (seed germination, vegetative growth, stem elongation, chlorophyll accumulation, and flowering) and on the in planta amounts of active and inactive GA species. The results of these experiments show that spy-7 and gar2-1 affect the GA dose-response relationship for a wide range of GA responses and suggest that all GA-regulated processes are controlled through a negatively acting GA-signaling pathway.
Fast, Secure Call Setup in CORONET Multiple Carrier Domain Networks (2015)

The Core Optical Networks (CORONET) program addresses the development of architectures, protocols, and network control and management to support the future advanced requirements of both commercial and government networks, with a focus on highly dynamic and highly resilient multi-terabit core networks. A key innovation of CORONET is the three-way handshake (3WHS) protocol for fast setup of optical connections in support of wavelength services in a single domain. Our initial 3WHS description was based on a single-carrier network. We have extended the 3WHS to networks partitioned into multiple carrier domains for which domain confidentiality must be preserved. We present analysis and simulation results demonstrating the performance of 3WHS in the multiple carrier domain scenario. The protocol has been shown to support approximately 30% more traffic by probing multiple intradomain paths in our simulated three-carrier example.
Early Process Development of a Squaramide-Based CXCR2 Receptor Antagonist (2015)

The synthesis of a CXCR2 antagonist is presented, highlighting the process changes made from research synthesis to clinical supply. The target compound is the choline salt of a nonsymmetrical squaramide, and the modifications to the synthetic route which have effect on chemical purity are discussed with reference to the isolated byproducts. Although drug substance quality was shown to increase following optimization of the linear sequence, an alternative one-pot, convergent sequence was introduced, which makes dual use of choline hydroxide as both base and salt-forming agent. The overall benefits of the strategic change is discussed in terms of overall yield and economy.