gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time dispersion measurements in urban microcellular environments (2002)

Time dispersion measurements have been conducted in the urban city centre of Liverpool at 1800 MHz. The measurement setup is based on the swept time-delay cross-correlation technique and has a time-delay resolution of 33 ns. The use of automatic gain control (AGC) circuitry in the RF stage permitted the observation of the spatial variation of the multipath power delay profile and RMS delay spread. The experimental work investigated the dependence of RMS delay spread on base antenna height, gain, downtilt and distance in the LOS and non-LOS regions of the microcell. The results obtained indicate that (a) the RMS delay spread is less than or equal to 520ns/280ns in the LOS/non-LOS regions, (b) that the delay spread increases with antenna height and with the use of a directional antenna but decreases with downtilt. Furthermore, the RMS delay spread results are compared with theoretical results obtained using geometrical optics (GO) and the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Berkeley reliability tools-BERT (1993)

Berkeley reliability tools (BERT) simulates the circuit degradation (drift) due to hot-electron degradation in MOSFETs and bipolar transistors and predicts circuit failure rates due to oxide breakdown and electromigration in CMOS, bipolar, and BiCMOS circuits. With the increasing importance of reliability in today's and future technology, a reliability simulator such as this is expected to serve as the engine of design-for-reliability in a building-in-reliability paradigm. BERT works in conjunction with a circuit simulator such as SPICE in order to simulate reliability for actual circuits, and, like SPICE, acts as an interactive tool for design. BERT is introduced and the current work being done is summarized. BERT is used to study the reliability of a BiCMOS inverter chain, and performance data are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hero Wavelength Spectral Sampling (2014)

Abstract We present a spectral rendering technique that offers a compelling set of advantages over existing approaches. The key idea is to propagate energy along paths for a small, constant number of changing wavelengths. The first of these, the hero wavelength, is randomly sampled for each path, and all directional sampling is solely based on it. The additional wavelengths are placed at equal distances from the hero wavelength, so that all path wavelengths together always evenly cover the visible range. A related technique, spectral multiple importance sampling, was already introduced a few years ago. We propose a simplified and optimised version of this approach which is easier to implement, has good performance characteristics, and is actually more powerful than the original method. Our proposed method is also superior to techniques which use a static spectral representation, as it does not suffer from any inherent representation bias. We demonstrate the performance of our method in several application areas that are of critical importance for production work, such as fidelity of colour reproduction, sub‐surface scattering, dispersion and volumetric effects. We also discuss how to couple our proposed approach with several technologies that are important in current production systems, such as photon maps, bidirectional path tracing, environment maps, and participating media.
Innovation in crystal engineering                     (2002)

The first CrystEngComm discussion meeting on crystal engineering has demonstrated that the field has reached maturity in some areas (for example: design strategies, characterization of solid compounds, topological analysis of weak and strong non-covalent interactions), while the quest for novel properties engineered at molecular and supramolecular levels has only recently begun and the need for further research efforts is strongly felt. This Highlight article aims to provide a forward look and a constructive discussion of the prospects for future developments of crystal engineering as a bridge between supramolecular and molecular materials chemistry.
Chemorheology and ultimate behavior of epoxy-amine mixtures modified with a liquid oligomer (2000)

Rubber toughening of epoxy resins has been actively studied since the 1960s with clear progress in understanding of the ultimate properties: microstructure relationships. The morphology, obtained after curing of the modified thermosetting matrix, is a function of the process conditions as well as of the materials used because both influence the thermodynamics and the kinetics of phase separation. In this work several amounts of poly(oxypropylentriamine) (POPTA), have been added as modifier to a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)-based epoxy matrix cured with a cycloaliphatic amine. Molecular weight of the neat resin and amine/epoxy stoichiometric ratio have also been used as variables. This investigation has focused upon the importance of cure chemorheology for microstructure formation by using both physicochemical (isothermal and dynamic calorimetry) and rheological techniques. In the second part of this study, the influence of the molecular weight of the epoxy resin in the ultimate properties of 15 wt % POPTA-modified epoxy matrices is also analyzed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1269–1279, 2000
Minimum 10-Year Results after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2008)

The loss of 3 degrees to 5 degrees of knee extension, to include loss of hyperextension, adversely affected the subjective and objective results after surgery, especially when coupled with meniscectomy and articular cartilage damage.
miR-34s inhibit osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in the mouse by targeting SATB2 (2012)

A screen of microRNAs preferentially expressed in osteoblasts identified members of the miR-34 family as regulators of osteoblast proliferation and/or differentiation. Osteoblast-specific gain- and loss-of-function experiments performed in vivo revealed that miR-34b and -c affected skeletogenesis during embryonic development, as well as bone mass accrual after birth, through two complementary cellular and molecular mechanisms. First, they inhibited osteoblast proliferation by suppressing Cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK6 accumulation. Second, they inhibited terminal differentiation of osteoblasts, at least in part through the inhibition of SATB2, a nuclear matrix protein that is a critical determinant of osteoblast differentiation. Genetic evidence obtained in the mouse confirmed the importance of SATB2 regulation by miR-34b/c. These results are the first to identify a family of microRNAs involved in bone formation in vivo and to identify a specific genetic pathway by which these microRNAs regulate osteoblast differentiation.
Raw material procurement with fluctuating prices using speculative inventory under consideration of different contract types and transport modes (2014)

The paper develops a combined dynamic procurement and transport model for performance evaluation by explicitly considering fluctuating prices of raw material, alternative transport modes as well as contract types. In a dynamic environment the procurement managers face (i) the challenge to select the ‘right’ strategy (i.e. transport mode and contract type) and (ii) in each period the decision whether to procure or not, depending on the price; in case of procurement, the price-dependent quantity must be determined. For tackling the decision problems of procurement, contract price and transport mode, we propose an approach motivated by demand models depending on the reservation price which is derived from revenue management. Alternative strategies are characterised by the contract type (short-term, long-term and portfolio), by the possibility to hold speculative inventories or not, and by the modes of transport including intermodal and multi-mode transport. Based on the procurement, transport and inventory costs, the performance of selected strategies is illustrated for a real supply process in the chemical industry using dynamic process analysis. The findings show that the most efficient strategies lead to reduction of average total procurement costs between 8 and 18%. Subsequently, managerial guidelines are derived for the selection of the most appropriate strategy.
Metal-Binding Isosteres as New Scaffolds for Metalloenzyme Inhibitors (2018)

The principle of isosteres or bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry is a central and essential concept in modern drug discovery. For example, carboxylic acids are often replaced by bioisosteres to mitigate issues related to lipophilicity or acidity while retaining acidic characteristics in addition to hydrogen bond donor/acceptor abilities. Separately, the development of metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) for binding to the active site metal ion in metalloenzymes of therapeutic interest is an emerging area in the realm of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). The direct application of the bioisostere concept to MBPs has not been well-described or systematically investigated. Herein, the picolinic acid MBP is used as a case study for the development of MBP isosteres (so-called MBIs). Many of these isosteres are novel compounds, and data on their physicochemical properties, metal binding capacity, and metalloenzyme inhibition characteristics are presented. The results show that MBIs of picolinic acid generally retain metal coordinating properties and exhibit predictable metalloenzyme inhibitory activity while possessing a broad range of physicochemical properties (e.g., p K<sub>a</sub>, log P). These findings demonstrate the use of bioisosteres results in an untapped source of metal binding functional groups suitable for metalloenzyme FBDD. These MBIs provide a previously unexplored route for modulating the physicochemical properties of metalloenzyme inhibitors and improving their drug-likeness.
A real-time reconstructed 3D environment augmented with virtual objects rendered with correct occlusion (2014)

In this work we present a novel framework for the real-time interaction with 3D models in augmented virtual reality. Our framework incorporates view-dependent stereoscopic rendering of the reconstructed environment together with user's hands and a virtual object, and high-precision gesture recognition to manipulate it. Proposed setup consists of a Creative RGB-D camera, Oculus Rift VR head mounted display (HMD), Leap Motion hands and fingers tracker and an AR marker. The system is capable of augmenting the user's hands in relation to their point of view (POV) using the depth sensor mounted on the HMD, and allows manipulation of the environment through the Leap Motion sensor. The AR marker is used to determine the location of the Leap Motion sensor to help with consolidation of transformations between the Oculus and the Leap Motion sensor. Combined with accurate information from the Oculus HMD, the system is able to track the user's head and fingers, with 6-DOF, to provide a spatially accurate augmentation of the user's virtual hands. Such an approach allows us to achieve high level of user immersion since the augmented objects occlude the user's hands properly; something which is not possible with conventional AR. We hypothesize that users of our system will be able to perform better object manipulation tasks in this particular augmented VR setup as compared to virtual reality (VR) where user's hands are not visible, or if visible, always occlude virtual objects.
Efficacy and Safety of Oxybuprocaine Hydrochloride Gel in Alleviating Pain during Male Urethral Catheterization: A Single‐Center Randomized Controlled Study (2022)

The use of oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel significantly reduced pain during male urethral catheterization. The study provides evidence for clinicians to use oxybuprocaine hydrochloride gel during male catheterization.
Reverberation Enhancement for Small Rooms (2012)

Reverberation enhancement is a technology which allows the reverberation time of a room to be increased through the use of an electronic system. These systems have traditionally been applied to improve the acoustics of large concert halls but the technology can also be used in smaller spaces with several possible applications. Previous uses of reverberation enhancement in small rooms have largely consisted of direct transplants of systems designed for large concert halls. This work investigates the complications which arise when using reverberation enhancement in a small room due to the differences in the acoustic properties of the space and also the restriction on the channel count of the system due to physical constraints.<br/><br/>The first part of this work deals with increasing the resultant reverberation time of the room without requiring additional system channels. This is achieved through the use of processing within the system. Two methods have been investigated. The first extends the resultant reverberation time without changing the feedback gain. The processing used for this purpose is either electronic reverberation or simple delay, both of which have been shown to allow significant increases in resultant reverberation time. These changes can be predicted accurately using diffuse field theory. The other method uses time-varying processing to increase the maximum stable feedback gain. This has been shown to allow increases in resultant reverberation time but also causes undesirable artefacts which limit the usability of this technique.<br/><br/>The second part of this work focuses on the differences in the acoustic properties of small rooms and especially the ways in which these rooms differ from a diffuse field. This includes the consideration of the modal properties of the room at low frequency which are insignificant in a large room. It has been shown that the spatial and frequency variations of the room at low frequency can be reduced through numerical optimisation of the processing within the reverberation enhancement system. Finally, the diffusion of the sound field and the early energy in the impulse response have been considered. It is shown that restrictions on the resultant reverberation time may be required in order to create a subjectively acceptable acoustic response. Overall, this work has shown that by accounting for the properties of the room, excellent performance of the system can be achieved.
Acrylate Oligomer-Based Photopolymers for Optical Storage Applications (1999)

Photopolymers are attractive candidates for high-density holographic data storage because of their high sensitivity and refractive index contrast. We have incorporated several high-index organic monomers into high optical quality acrylate oligomer-based formulations. Using reactivity ratios, reaction kinetics, and component refractive indices as guidelines, a 6-fold increase in Δn has been achieved compared to an initial all-acrylate formulation. Samples prepared from these formulations have been used to write and read >200 high-quality holograms in a given volume of material. This is the first time a photopolymeric medium has successfully been used to multiplex this number of holograms. Using these resins, a protocol for the evaluation of photopolymers as holographic media has been developed.
A comprehensive study of main-memory partitioning and its application to large-scale comparison- and radix-sort (2014)

Analytical database systems can achieve high throughput main-memory query execution by being aware of the dynamics of highly-parallel modern hardware. Such systems rely on partitioning to cluster or divide data into smaller pieces and thus achieve better parallelism and memory locality. This paper considers a comprehensive collection of variants of main-memory partitioning tuned for various layers of the memory hierarchy. We revisit the pitfalls of in-cache partitioning, and utilizing the crucial performance factors, we introduce new variants for partitioning out-of-cache. Besides non-in-place variants where linear extra space is used, we introduce large-scale in-place variants, and propose NUMA-aware partitioning that guarantees locality on multiple processors. Also, we make range partitioning comparably fast with hash or radix, by designing a novel cache-resident index to compute ranges. All variants are combined to build three NUMA-aware sorting algorithms: a stable LSB radix-sort; an in-place MSB radix-sort using different variants across memory layers; and a comparison-sort utilizing wide-fanout range partitioning and SIMD-optimal in-cache sorting. To the best of our knowledge, all three are the fastest to date on billion-scale inputs for both dense and sparse key domains. As shown for sorting, our work can serve as a tool for building other operations (e.g., join, aggregation) by combining the most suitable variants that best meet the design goals.
Diseases Affecting Bone Quality: Beyond Osteoporosis (2010)

Recognizing these conditions and diseases and understanding their etiology and pathogenesis is crucial for patient care and maintaining overall bone health.
Inorganic nano-adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals and arsenic: a review (2015)

Schematic of inorganic adsorbents (INA) for heavy metal removal.
Phase Transformation of Turbostratic BN by Shock Compression (1997)

Using two kinds of turbostratic BN (tBN) powders with different degrees of turbostratic disorder, the shock-induced phase transformation has been investigated through recovery techniques in a pressure range 12−36 GPa. Recovered specimens were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. It is shown that the temperature plays an important role in promoting the tBN→cBN (zincblend-type BN) transformation and that the transformation efficiency depends strongly upon the degree of turbostratic disorder of the starting tBN. It is deduced from the results that the mechanism of the shock-induced phase transformation of tBN to cBN is a direct conversion through diffusion process and that tBN is most likely the intermediate phase via which shock-induced phase transformation of rBN to cBN proceeds under relatively low shock pressures (<50 GPa).
Identification of HTLV-III/LAV <i>sor</i> Gene Product and Detection of Antibodies in Human Sera (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of the genome of HTLV-III, the infectious agent etiologically associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, predicts a small open reading frame, termed sor, located between the pol and env genes. A DNA segment containing 82 percent of the sor region was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector, pJL6, to determine whether sor encodes a viral protein and to gain some insight into its possible function. The bacterially synthesized sor protein reacted with sera from individuals infected with HTLV-III, indicating that sor is expressed as a protein product or products that are immunogenic in vivo. Antibodies to the purified, bacterially synthesized sor protein were found to react specifically with the same protein and also with a protein of molecular weight 23,000 (23K) in HTLV-III-infected H9 cell extracts. The 23K protein comigrated with a protein immunoprecipitated by the serum of a hemophiliac patient with antibodies to HTLV-III, suggesting that this protein is probably the sor gene product.
Crystallization of poly(butylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene octene) blends: Isothermal crystallization (2008)

Abstract Poly(ethylene‐octene) (POE), maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene‐octene) (mPOE), and a mixture of POE and mPOE were added to poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) to prepare PBT/POE, PBT/mPOE, and PBT/mPOE/POE blends by a twin‐screw extruder. Observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed improved compatibility between PBT and POE in the presence of maleic anhydride groups. The melting behavior and isothermal crystallization kinetics of the blends were studied by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter; the kinetics data was delineated by kinetic models. The addition of POE or mPOE did not affect the melting behavior of PBT in samples quenched in water after blending in an extrude. Subsequent DSC scans of isothermally crystallized PBT and PBT blends exhibited two melting endotherms ( T mI and T mII ). T mI was the fusion of the crystals grown by normal primary crystallization and T mII was the melting peak of the most perfect crystals after reorganization. The dispersed second phase hindered the crystallization; on the other hand, the well dispersed phases with smaller size enhanced crystallization because of higher nucleation density. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Role of oxaliplatin in the treatment of colorectal cancer (2009)

Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound that has shown a definite role in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). Oxaliplatin in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin in the FOLFOX4 regimen represents a new standard of treatment in the adjuvant setting as well as for the metastatic disease. The combination of oxaliplatin with capecitabine in the XELOX regimen has been demonstrated to be not inferior to FOLFOX4 in metastatic patients, and it is under evaluation, with or without bevacizumab, in the post-surgical management of resected patients. FOLFOX4 and XELOX regimens represent a backbone on which to add new targeted drugs. Indeed, the combination of bevacizumab with either FOLFOX4 or XELOX significantly prolonged the progression-free survival and overall survival in comparison with FOLFOX4 or XELOX combined with placebo in metastatic CRC patients, while FOLFOX4 plus cetuximab produced a significantly greater activity than FOLFOX4 alone in metastatic CRC patients with K-RAS wild type.
Nonlinear optical generation using electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic hydrogen (1993)

Nonlinear optical generation using electromagnetically induced transparency is demonstrated with atomic hydrogen as a test medium. With the application of a strong-coupling laser field to the 3p-2s transition, the resonant Lyman-\ensuremath{\beta} (3p-1s) transition becomes transparent. The generated-sum-frequency Lyman-\ensuremath{\beta} radiation at 103 nm can continue to grow without suffering resonant absorption and phase mismatching.
Application of radioligand-receptor binding assays in the search for the active principles of the traditional Chinese medicine ‘Gouteng’ (1997)

Uncaria rhynchophylla and related species (i.e. Gouteng of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China) have antihypertensive, sedative and anticonvulsant activities. A methanol extract of ‘Gouteng’ (U. rhynchopylla) hooks and stems was assessed for its ability to inhibit the binding of radioligands to 13 different receptors in this study. The extract inhibited ligand-receptor binding by more than 60% to α2-adrenoceptors, dopamine 1, 5-HT1A, opiate, GABAA and GABAB receptors. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of ursolic acid (muscarinic and sulphonylureas activities), husutine (α2- and β-adrenoceptor, 5-HT1A and 2, opiate and sulphonylureas activities) and epiallocorynanthine (β-adrenoceptor, 5-HT1A and 2, and opiate receptor activities). These findings are discussed in relation to the reported pharmacological properties, clinical uses and differing alkaloid profiles of those Uncaria species which constitute ‘Gouteng’ of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GABA Receptors: Recent Advances (1995)

It is now nearly three decades since the full significance of GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter was first established [1]. However, it is only for about the last 10 years that we have known that the actions of GABA are mediated via multiple receptor subtypes, rather than a single one [2]. Broadly the receptor-mediated effects of GABA can be classified as fast or slow with the former relating to the GABAA receptor class and the latter to the GABAB class [3]. Further functional receptor types e.g. GABAC may well become established in future as Johnston recently suggested [4] but for the purpose of this review, the material has been confined to GABAA and GABAB.