gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Receptors in the Central Nervous System: Structure-Activity Relationships for Agonists and Antagonists (1985)

The presence of two classes of adenosine receptors linked to adenylate cyclase has been firmly established for a variety of cell types (see Daly, 1982; 1983). The A1 (Ri) class of receptor is inhibitory to adenylate cyclase while the A2 (Ra) class of receptor is stimulatory to the enzyme (Londos et al., 1980; Van Calker et al., 1979). The stimulatory A2-receptors may prove to consist of two subclasses, one with an affinity constant for adenosine of 1 µM or less, and one with an affinity constant of about 10 µM (see Londos et al., 1983). In addition, there is an internal P-site through which adenosine inhibits adenylate cyclase (Londos and Wolff, 1977). The external adenosine receptors and the internal adenosine P-site show marked differences in recognition domains for adenosine analogs and for xanthines. At the stimulatory A2-receptors the usual rank order of potency of adenosine analogs is as follows: N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) > 2-chloroadenosine > N6-R-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA, usually L-PIA in the literature) > S-PIA. At the inhibitory A1-receptors the usual rank order of potency is as follows: R-PIA > NECA ≈ 2-chloroadenosine > S-PIA. S-PIA.
Carbon storage of forest vegetation and its relationship with climatic factors (2004)

Forests are major vegetation types in terrestrial ecosystem and play a key role not only because they account for a greater part of the carbon exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere than any other ecosystem type, but also because they can mitigate carbon dioxide emission under the background of global change, and accurately estimating forest carbon storage is increasingly gaining global attention. In terms of the fourth national forest inventory data (1989-1993), forest vegetation carbon storage and carbon density in China are estimated by the relationships between stand biomass and volume for different forest types. The results shows that total forest vegetation carbon storage and average carbon density in China are 3778.1Tg(1Tg = 10~(12)g)and 41.32 Mg/hm~2(1 Mg = 10~6 g), respectively. Forest vegetation carbon is not distributed evenly among provinces in China: more than half of the carbon is stocked in northeastern and southwestern China. Carbon storage of forest vegetation in China is about 1.1% of the global vegetation, and forest carbon density is lower than the world's average, the major reason is that the area of pre-mature forests in China occupies more than 80% of Chinese forests. It suggests that Chinese forests have the large potential to fix carbon. In addition, based on linear multi-regression of forest carbon storage model and standard regressive coefficient methods, the relationship between carbon storage of forest vegetation in China and climatic factors including temperature and precipitation is developed:Y_c=2.004X_p-2.809X_t+1.805. The regressive coefficient of annual precipitation (X_p) and mean annual temperature (X_t) show that forest vegetation carbon storage will decrease with climate warming, but it will increase with the increase of precipitation. According to factor analysis method, the contribution of climatic factors to forest vegetation carbon storage is calculated, the contribution of annual precipitation is 2.363, and that of mean annual temperature 3.227, it indicates that the effect of temperature on forest carbon storage is larger than that of precipitation,and global warming may seriously affects the forest carbon storage in China. The study may be helpful not only to provide a method for estimating carbon storage of forest vegetation using systematic and continuously forest inventory data in China, but also to improve understanding the relationship between climatic factors and carbon storage of forest vegetation.
Loss of complexity characterizes the heart rate response to experimental hemorrhagic shock in swine* (2007)

Hemorrhagic shock caused a reversible decrease in RRI complexity; these changes may be mediated by changes in vagal cardiac control. Assessment of RRI complexity may permit identification of casualties with hemorrhagic shock.
Characterization and Differentiation of Fresh Orange Juice Variety Based on Conventional Physicochemical Parameters, Flavonoids, and Volatile Compounds Using Chemometrics (2022)

The present study focused on the possibility of differentiating fresh-unprocessed orange juice according to botanical origin (variety), based on the use of conventional physico-chemical parameters, flavonoids, and volatile compounds, in combination with chemometrics. For this purpose, oranges from seven different varieties were collected during the harvest years of 2013−2014 and 2014−2015 from central and southern Greece. The physico-chemical parameters that were determined included: electrical conductivity, acidity, pH, and total soluble solids. The flavonoids: hesperidin, neohespseridin, quercetin, naringin, and naringenin were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Finally, volatile compounds were determined using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction in combination with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Statistical treatment of data by multivariate techniques showed that orange juice variety had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the above analytical parameters. The classification rate for the differentiation of orange juice according to orange variety using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was 89.3%, based on the cross-validation method.
Mechanical Design and Modelling of a Robotic Planetary Drilling System (2006)

Deep space drilling is necessary for appropriate chemical and biological sampling for subsurface exploration. The Robotic Planetary Drilling System (RPDS), which is currently being developed by our team, is designed to be a compact self-propelled, steerable electromechanical drilling system that can penetrate into large depths in planetary bodies. In this paper we present the detailed innovative mechanical design of the RPDS. Its main components are: a) the drill bit/cuttings bucket, b) the rotary propulsion unit including novel three 3-degree of freedom (DOF) propulsion actuators, c) the power/control module, d) the non-rotating steering unit including three 1-DOF steering actuators and e) the communication module. Three 3-DOF propulsion actuators uniformly distributed around the rotary propulsion unit impart rotating, linear motion to the drilling bit, while another three 1-DOF steering actuators provide the steering force for automatic directional control. The RPDS is propelled in the manner of a turning screw, which offers simpler kinematics structure, higher efficiency and thus, potential for miniaturization and deep drilling. The mathematical modeling and analysis of the RPDS that were conducted to evaluate its performance are also being presented in this paper.
Inhibition of both the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and HMG-CoA reductase markedly enhances the clearance of LDL apoB (2003)

Discovery of the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) permitted development of specific inhibitors of bile acid reabsorption, potentially a new class of cholesterol-lowering agents. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that combining the novel ASBT inhibitor, SC-435, with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, would potentiate reductions in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and LDL apolipoprotein B (apoB). ApoB kinetic studies were performed in miniature pigs fed a typical human diet and treated with the combination of SC-435 (5 mg/kg/day) plus atorvastatin (3 mg/kg/day) (SC-435+A) or a placebo. SC-435+A decreased plasma total cholesterol by 23% and LDL-C by 40%. Multicompartmental analysis (SAAM II) demonstrated that LDL apoB significantly decreased by 35% due primarily to a 45% increase in the LDL apoB fractional catabolic rate (FCR). SC-435+A significantly decreased hepatic concentrations of free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, and increased hepatic LDL receptor mRNA consequent to increased cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase expression and activity. In comparison, SC-435 (10 mg/kg/day) monotherapy decreased LDL apoB by 10% due entirely to an 18% increase in LDL apoB FCR, whereas atorvastatin monotherapy (3 mg/kg/day) decreased LDL apoB by 30% due primarily to a 22% reduction in LDL apoB production. We conclude that SC-435+A potentiates the reduction of LDL-C and LDL apoB due to complementary mechanisms of action.
Characteristics of orthogonal slow frequency hopping/16‐quadrature amplitude modulation system with an interference immunity decoding method for digital land mobile communications (1996)

Abstract This characteristics of a slow frequency‐hopping system using 16‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation (SFH/16‐QAM) to provide superior spectral efficiency and high‐quality transmissions in digital land mobile communications is investigated. In this method, highly efficient transmissions are realized with 16‐QAM through fading distortion compensation based on the injection of pilot symbols; but, since 16‐QAM alone provides insufficient immunity to interference, several strategies are required for applications to cellular systems. Here, a new interference immune decoding method is proposed that is based on an improvement in error‐correction methods. In the orthogonal SFH, since mutually different hopping patterns are used for each cell, the interference waveforms from other cells are randomized with respect to the desired waveform. By using this property, the level of the interference superimposed on the desired waveform is detected and estimated from the gaps of inserted periodic slots, and the interference immunity of 16‐QAM with minimum weighted Euclidean distance decoding is improved. Computer simulations of frequency selective fading shows that the proposed method has strengths relative to the near‐far problem and is especially effective for utilization in the cellular system uplink. The introduction of voice activated control is shown to be effective in the downlink. Also, as a result of the frequency diversity realized through SFH, performance degradations due to slow fading are slight.
Pharmacological Effects in Mice of Anandamide and Its Related Fatty Acid Ethanolamides, and Enhancement of Cataleptogenic Effect of Anandamide by Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride. (1999)

Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) and six fatty acid ethanolamides were synthesized and their pharmacological effects in mice were assessed using catalepsy, hypothermia and pentobarbital-induced sleep prolongation as indices. The effects of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) pretreatment on anandamide effects were also evaluated and discussed in relation to inhibition of anandamide amidohydrolase in mouse brain and liver. The cataleptogenic effect of anandamide (ED50=6.0 mg/kg, i.v.) was 4 to 6 times more active than those of N-oleoyl- (ED50=26.5 mg/kg, i.v.) and N-linoleoylethanolamine (ED50=37.5 mg/kg, i.v.), although the peak time in the effect was observed within 1 min after i.v. administration. None of the saturated fatty acid ethanolamides (N-myristoyl-, N-palmitoyl-, N-stearoyl- and N-arachidoylethanolamine) showed a positive response in the cataleptogenic effect even at a dose up to 40 mg/kg i.v. Anandamide, N-linoleoyl-, N-oleoyl- and N-myristoylethanolamine (10 mg/kg, i.v.) produced a significant hypothermia (0.19 to 0.59 degrees C) at 5 to 15 min after administration. The duration of the effects of these ethanolamides was also relatively short. Anandamide, N-linoleoyl-, N-oleoyl- and N-palmitoylethanolamine (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleeping time by 148-207% of control sleeping time. The cataleptogenic effect of anandamide was markedly potentiated by pretreatment of mice with PMSF (100 mg/kg, i.p.). The ED50 (mg/kg, i.v.) of anandamide was 0.48 (0.24-0.96) in PMSF-pretreated mice. The pretreatment of mice with PMSF significantly decreased the metabolic clearance rate of anandamide in microsomal fractions of liver and brain. Thus, the Vmax/Km values of brain and hepatic microsomes were 26 and 10%, respectively, as compared with those of control mice. The present study demonstrated that anandamide and N-acylethanolamines of unsaturated fatty acids exhibited cannabinoid-like effects in mice, and that anandamide amidohydrolase has an important role in the pharmacological effects of anandamide in vivo.
Hybrid three-dimensional integrated circuits: A viable solution for high efficiency Neuromorphic Computing (2017)

This work details how a neuromorphic system is simulated with a 3D integrated electronic system. The neural system is modeled as a 3D integrated circuit to investigate a highly efficient neuromorphic computing system that ameliorates implementation issues induced by prior 2D circuital systems. A 3D neuronal model incorporating the Through Silicon Via (TSV) is constructed and the performance is simulated. We maintain this work is a competent potential foundation towards a practical design methodology for producing 3D Neuromorphic Computing (NC) circuits and systems that function with lower power consumption, reduced delay, and more advanced system volumetric miniaturization than contemporary systems provide.
A Denoising Autoencoder‐Based Bearing Fault Diagnosis System for Time‐Domain Vibration Signals (2021)

The condition monitoring of rotating machinery is always a focus of intelligent fault diagnosis. In view of the traditional methods’ excessive dependence on prior knowledge to manually extract features, their limited capacity to learn complex nonlinear relations in fault signals and the mixing of the collected signals with environmental noise in the course of the work of rotating machines, this article proposes a novel approach for detecting the bearing fault, which is based on deep learning. To effectively detect, locate, and identify faults in rolling bearings, a stacked noise reduction autoencoder is utilized for abstracting characteristic from the original vibration of signals, and then, the characteristic is provided as input for backpropagation (BP) network classifier. The results output by this classifier represent different fault categories. Experimental results obtained on rolling bearing datasets show that this method can be used to effectively diagnose bearing faults based on original time‐domain signals.
A novel 25 Gbps electro-optic Pockels modulator integrated on an advanced Si photonic platform (2017)

We demonstrate the first electro-optic modulator exploiting the Pockels effect, monolithically integrated on an advanced Si photonics platform. This novel technology outperforms Si photonic modulators in modulation efficiency, losses, and static tuning power. The devices, based on barium titanate thin films on 200 mm substrates, show excellent VπL (0.3 Vcm) and VπLα (1.7 VdB), work at high speed (25 Gbps), and can be tuned at low static power consumption (100 nW). Our concept serves as a key building block in EPIC for next generation 100G systems.
Nitric oxide donors increase PVR/CD155 DNAM-1 ligand expression in multiple myeloma cells: role of DNA damage response activation (2015)

The present study provides evidence that regulation of the PVR/CD155 DNAM-1 ligand expression by nitric oxide may represent an additional immune-mediated mechanism and supports the anti-myeloma activity of nitric oxide donors.
Sorafenib Inhibits Lymphoma Xenografts by Targeting MAPK/ERK and AKT Pathways in Tumor and Vascular Cells (2013)

The anti-lymphoma activity and mechanism(s) of action of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib were investigated using a panel of lymphoma cell lines, including SU-DHL-4V, Granta-519, HD-MyZ, and KMS-11 cell lines. In vitro, sorafenib significantly decreased cell proliferation and phosphorylation levels of MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways while increased apoptotic cell death. In vivo, sorafenib treatment resulted in a cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effect on tumor cell growth associated with a limited inhibition of tumor volumes. However, sorafenib induced an average 50% reduction of tumor vessel density and a 2-fold increase of necrotic areas. Upon sorafenib treatment, endothelial and tumor cells from SU-DHL-4V, Granta-519, and KMS-11 nodules showed a potent inhibition of either phospho-ERK or phospho-AKT, whereas a concomitant inhibition of phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT was only observed in HD-MyZ nodules. In conclusion, sorafenib affects the growth of lymphoid cell lines by triggering antiangiogenic mechanism(s) and directly targeting tumor cells.
A wearable device for emotional recognition using facial expression and physiological response (2016)

This paper introduces a glasses-typed wearable system to detect user's emotions using facial expression and physiological responses. The system is designed to acquire facial expression through a built-in camera and physiological responses such as photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) in unobtrusive way. We used video clips for induced emotions to test the system suitability in the experiment. The results showed a few meaningful properties that associate emotions with facial expressions and physiological responses captured by the developed wearable device. We expect that this wearable system with a built-in camera and physiological sensors may be a good solution to monitor user's emotional state in daily life.
Volterra modeling of digital magnetic saturation recording channels (1990)

A Volterra input-output model of a magnetic recording channel that allows the readback signal to be defined precisely in terms of the recorded binary data for situations with significant nonlinear distortion (NLD) is described. An efficient procedure to determine the model characteristics from measurements is introduced. The technique was applied to an experimental channel that has significant nonlinear distortion. A comparison of modeled with measured readback waveforms shows precise agreement. It is concluded that, with Volterra models (VMs), substantially better agreement of modeled and measured waveforms can be achieved compared to that attained with conventional linear techniques. VMs are well suited for the analysis and development of advanced signal-processing techniques that can cope with NLD. Moreover, they can be used to characterize and evaluate head and disk components in terms of the underlying physical effects of the recording process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural basis of RND-type multidrug exporters (2015)

Bacterial multidrug exporters are intrinsic membrane transporters that act as cellular self-defense mechanism. The most notable characteristics of multidrug exporters is that they export a wide range of drugs and toxic compounds. The overexpression of these exporters causes multidrug resistance. Multidrug-resistant pathogens have become a serious problem in modern chemotherapy. Over the past decade, investigations into the structure of bacterial multidrug exporters have revealed the multidrug recognition and export mechanisms. In this review, we primarily discuss RND-type multidrug exporters particularly AcrAB-TolC, major drug exporter in Gram-negative bacteria. RND-type drug exporters are tripartite complexes comprising a cell membrane transporter, an outer membrane channel and an adaptor protein. Cell membrane transporters and outer membrane channels are homo-trimers; however, there is no consensus on the number of adaptor proteins in these tripartite complexes. The three monomers of a cell membrane transporter have varying conformations (access, binding, and extrusion) during transport. Drugs are exported following an ordered conformational change in these three monomers, through a functional rotation mechanism coupled with the proton relay cycle in ion pairs, which is driven by proton translocation. Multidrug recognition is based on a multisite drug-binding mechanism, in which two voluminous multidrug-binding pockets in cell membrane exporters recognize a wide range of substrates as a result of permutations at numerous binding sites that are specific for the partial structures of substrate molecules. The voluminous multidrug-binding pocket may have numerous binding sites even for a single substrate, suggesting that substrates may move between binding sites during transport, an idea named as multisite-drug-oscillation hypothesis. This hypothesis is consistent with the apparently broad substrate specificity of cell membrane exporters and their highly efficient ejection of drugs from the cell. Substrates are transported through dual multidrug-binding pockets via the peristaltic motion of the substrate translocation channel. Although there are no clinically available inhibitors of bacterial multidrug exporters, efforts to develop inhibitors based on structural information are underway.
Workflow as a Service in the Cloud: Architecture and Scheduling Algorithms (2014)

With more and more workflow systems adopting cloud as their execution environment, it becomes increasingly challenging on how to efficiently manage various workflows, virtual machines (VMs) and workflow execution on VM instances. To make the system scalable and easy-to-extend, we design a Workflow as a Service (WFaaS) architecture with independent services. A core part of the architecture is how to efficiently respond continuous workflow requests from users and schedule their executions in the cloud. Based on different targets, we propose four heuristic workflow scheduling algorithms for the WFaaS architecture, and analyze the differences and best usages of the algorithms in terms of performance, cost and the price/performance ratio via experimental studies.
Quantum-cellular-automata quantum computing with endohedral fullerenes (2003)

We present a scheme to perform universal quantum computation using global addressing techniques as applied to a physical system of endohedrally doped fullerenes. The system consists of an $\mathcal{ABAB}$ linear array of group-V endohedrally doped fullerenes. Each molecule spin site consists of a nuclear spin coupled via a hyperfine interaction to an electron spin. The electron spin of each molecule is in a quartet ground state $S=3/2.$ Neighboring molecular electron spins are coupled via a magnetic dipole interaction. We find that an all-electron construction of a quantum cellular automaton is frustrated due to the degeneracy of the electronic transitions. However, we can construct a quantum-cellular-automata quantum computing architecture using these molecules by encoding the quantum information on the nuclear spins while using the electron spins as a local bus. We deduce the NMR and ESR pulses required to execute the basic cellular automaton operation and obtain a rough figure of merit for the number of gate operations per decoherence time. We find that this figure of merit compares well with other physical quantum computer proposals. We argue that the proposed architecture meets well the first four DiVincenzo criteria and we outline various routes toward meeting the fifth criterion: qubit readout.