gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weight loss and regain and effects on body composition: the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. (2010)

Background. Older adults are less able to conserve lean mass relative to fat mass with weight change. A cycle of weight loss and regain in an older individual could accelerate sarcopenia. We examined whether older adults experiencing weight loss and regain would show a greater loss of lean mass during a weight-loss period than gain in lean mass during the weight-regain period, thus have overall a greater net loss of lean mass compared with those who maintained weight in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Methods. We compared the body composition change in 147 older weight changers (54% women, 38% black) with the gender- and race-matched weight-stable individuals over the weight-cycling period. A weight cycle was defi ned as weight loss of 3% or more with regain of within ± 3% of baseline weight for a period of 2 years. Results. Both men and women showed signifi cantly lower total body mass after the weight loss and regain. Proportionally, more lean mass was lost during the weight-loss period than was gained during the weight-regain period, especially in men. After weight regain, men showed only a slightly lower lean mass than the stable group, and this was not statistically signifi cant, although the failure to fully regain total weight explained most of the defi cit in lean mass after the weight cycle. Conclusion. These data suggest that weight loss even with regain may contribute to a net loss of lean mass in older men but warrant further studies.
Leukocyte CD11b/18 Antigen-directed Monoclonal Antibody Improves Early Survival and Decreases Hypoxemia in Dogs Challenged with Tumor Necrosis Factor (1992)

This study examined the effect of monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against leukocyte CD11b/18 glycoprotein complex (904MAb) on cardiopulmonary injury induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and death. Eighteen 2-yr-old, purpose-bred beagles with chronic tracheostomies were challenged with TNF (60 micrograms/kg of body weight) intravenously. Nine of 18 animals were treated with 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg of body weight 904MAb intravenously 45 min before and 12, 36, and 48 h after TNF infusion. Serial femoral and pulmonary arterial catheter hemodynamics, blood gas analysis, and radionuclide cineangiographic left ventricular ejection fractions (EF) were done before and after a fluid challenge. Serial bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) with cell and protein analysis also were performed using the chronic tracheostomies. Compared with animals given TNF alone, animals treated with 904MAb did not differ in overall survival (TNF alone, 2/9; 904MAb, 3/9); however, the group of animals treated with 904MAb had significantly (p less than 0.01) fewer deaths within the first 30 h of TNF challenge. At 4 h after TNF challenge, all animals had significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced PaO2 after fluid challenge; however, animals given 904MAb (compared with animals given TNF alone) had significantly (p less than 0.05) smaller reductions in PaO2. Throughout the study, animals given 904MAb before TNF or TNF alone had similar changes in cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, EF, and BAL protein and neutrophil concentration. Thus, MAb directed against the leukocyte CD11b/18 glycoprotein complex prolonged survival and reduced the hypoxemia occurring after TNF challenge, but this antibody did not improve overall survival or cardiopulmonary function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anatomy of the human atrioventricular junctions revisited (2000)

There have been suggestions made recently that our understanding of the atrioventricular junctions of the heart is less than adequate, with claims for several new findings concerning the arrangement of the ordinary working myocardium and the specialised pathways for atrioventricular conduction. In reality, these claims are grossly exaggerated. The structure and architecture of the pathways for conduction between the atrial and ventricular myocardium are exactly as described by Tawara nearly 100 years ago. The recent claims stem from a failure to assess histological findings in the light of criterions established by Monckeberg and Aschoff following a similar controversy in 1910. The atrioventricular junctions are the areas where the atrial myocardium inserts into, and is separated from, the base of the ventricular mass, apart from at the site of penetration of the specialised axis for atrioventricular conduction. There are two such junctions in the normal heart, surrounding the orifices of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The true septal area between the junctions is of very limited extent, being formed by the membranous septum. Posterior and inferior to this septal area, the atrial myocardium overlies the crest of the ventricular septum, with the atrial component being demarcated by the landmarks of the triangle of Koch. The adjacent structures, and in particular the so-called inferior pyramidal space, were accurately described by McAlpine (Heart and Coronary Arteries, 1975). Thus, again there is no need for revision of our understanding. The key to unravelling much of the alleged controversy is the recognition that, as indicated by Tawara, the atrioventricular node becomes the atrioventricular bundle at the point where the overall axis for conduction penetrates into the central fibrous body. There are also marked differences in arrangement, also described by Tawara, between the disposition of the conduction axis in man as compared to the dog.
Neurone specific enolase: an aid to the diagnosis of melanoma and neuroblastoma (1982)

Melanoma and neuroblastoma are diagnosed by their clinical and histological features, including evidence of melanogenesis and neural differentiation respectively, by tumour cells. These criteria are occasionally inadequate. Melanoma and neuroblastoma are derived from a system of cells characterized by the content, precursor uptake and decarboxylation of particular amines (APUD cells). Neurone specific enolase (NSE) has been proposed as a specific marker for neural elements and APUD cells. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic and fibrillary localization of this enzyme was demonstrated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-processed sections of melanoma and neuroblastoma, constituting and additional aid to the identification of these tumours. The demonstration of an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway within tumour cells has implications following the effects of anti-tumour agents and these are discussed.
The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces: A validation study (2008)

Although affective facial pictures are widely used in emotion research, standardised affective stimuli sets are rather scarce, and the existing sets have several limitations. We therefore conducted a validation study of 490 pictures of human facial expressions from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database (KDEF). Pictures were evaluated on emotional content and were rated on an intensity and arousal scale. Results indicate that the database contains a valid set of affective facial pictures. Hit rates, intensity, and arousal of the 20 best KDEF pictures for each basic emotion are provided in an appendix.
A Vibrotactile and Plantar Force Measurement-Based Biofeedback System: Paving the Way towards Wearable Balance-Improving Devices (2015)

Although biofeedback systems have been used to improve balance with success, they were confined to hospital training applications. Little attempt has been made to investigate the use of in-shoe plantar force measurement and wireless technology to turn hospital training biofeedback systems into wearable devices. This research developed a wearable biofeedback system which detects body sway by analyzing the plantar force and provides users with the corresponding haptic cues. The effects of this system were evaluated in thirty young and elderly subjects with simulated reduced foot sensation. Subjects performed a Romberg test under three conditions: (1) no socks, system turned-off; (2) wearing five layers of socks, system turned-off; (3) wearing five layers of socks, and system turned-on. Degree of body sway was investigated by computing the center of pressure (COP) movement measured by a floor-mounted force platform. Plantar tactile sensation was evaluated using a monofilament test. Wearing multiple socks significantly decreased the plantar tactile sensory input (p < 0.05), and increased the COP parameters (p < 0.017), indicating increased postural sway. After turning on the biofeedback system, the COP parameters decreased significantly (p < 0.017). The positive results of this study should inspire future development of wearable plantar force-based biofeedback systems for improving balance in people with sensory deficits.
Thematic Review Series: Phospholipases: Central Role in Lipid Signaling and Disease (2015)

Individual members of the mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily undertake roles that extend from generating the second messenger signaling lipid, phosphatidic acid, through hydrolysis of the membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, to functioning as an endonuclease to generate small RNAs and facilitating membrane vesicle trafficking through seemingly nonenzymatic mechanisms. With recent advances in genome-wide association studies, RNA interference screens, next-generation sequencing approaches, and phenotypic analyses of knockout mice, roles for PLD family members are being uncovered in autoimmune, infectious neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disease, as well as in cancer. Some of these disease settings pose opportunities for small molecule inhibitory therapeutics, which are currently in development.
Vaginal delivery of progesterone in donor oocyte therapy (2000)

A prospective cohort study, with 345 women requiring complete progesterone replacement for a donor egg cycle, was used to compare Crinone 8% (90 mg progesterone vaginal gel) twice or once daily versus i.m. progesterone (100 mg), for endometrial development and pregnancy support. Endometrial histology, serum progesterone levels, pregnancy rates, implantation rates, and bleeding patterns were used as outcome measures. Mean serum progesterone concentrations on day 26 were 19.0 + 2.3 ng/ml for twice and 11.3+/-6.5 ng/ml for once daily Crinone, versus 65.2+/-12.5 ng/ml in the i.m. progesterone group. Endometrial histology was 'in phase' for all women in the Crinone groups and most of the i.m. group. Though eight of 42 patients on once daily Crinone had serum progesterone levels under 6 ng/ml, there was no correlation with endometrial development. Only one patient bled on once daily Crinone before the 14th day of progesterone therapy, and she went on to deliver twins. Clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage rates were not statistically different among any of the treatment groups. Crinone 8% administered once or twice daily appears to produce the same endometrial development and pregnancy rates as i.m. progesterone in women requiring complete progesterone replacement, and without early bleeding.
SS7 over IP: signaling interworking vulnerabilities (2006)

Public telephony - the preferred choice for two-way voice communication over a long time - has enjoyed remarkable popularity for providing acceptable voice quality with negligible connection delays, perhaps due to its circuit-switched heritage. Recently, IP telephony, a packet-based telephone service that runs as an application over the IP protocol, has been gaining popularity. To provide seamless interconnectivity between these two competing services, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has designed a signaling interface commonly referred to as SIGTRAN. This seamless intersignaling provided by SIGTRAN facilitates any subscriber in one network to reach any other subscriber in the other network, passing through any heterogeneous maze of networks consisting of either of these. Unfortunately, the same intersignaling potentially can be exploited from either side to disrupt the services provided on the other side. We show how this can be done and propose a solution based on access control, signal screening, and detecting anomalous signaling. We argue that to be effective, the latter two should consider syntactic correctness, semantic validity of the signal content, and the appropriateness of a particular signal in the context of earlier exchanged messages
Experimental and numerical investigation of binary coalescence: Liquid bridge building and internal flow fields (2012)

In this work, we present the results of experimental and numerical investigation of the liquid bridge building and internal flows during a binary droplet-droplet coalescence event. A system consisting of two rising toluene droplets with different droplet radii that coalesce in surrounding water is considered. The growth of the liquid bridge between the two droplets during the coalescence event is found to be in the inertial regime, whereas the bridge radius grows in proportion to the square root of time. Further, the internal mixing of the two droplets is investigated. It is observed that when two droplets with the same radius coalesce, there is nearly no internal mixing within the first 40 ms after the coalescence start. In contrast, when two droplets with different radii coalesce, a liquid jet directed from the smaller to the larger droplet appears during the coalescence event. A good agreement between the experimental and numerical data is established.
Development and Evaluation of Novel Phosphotyrosine Mimetic Inhibitors Targeting the Src Homology 2 Domain of Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule (SLAM) Associated Protein (2013)

Specific interactions between Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing proteins and the phosphotyrosine-containing counterparts play significant role in cellular protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling pathways. The SH2 domain inhibitors could potentially serve as drug candidates in treating human diseases. Here we have incorporated a novel phosphotyrosine mimetic, which is an unusual amino acid carrying a cyclosaligenyl (cycloSal) phosphodiester moiety, into dipeptides to investigate the inhibitory effect on SH2 domain-containing proteins. A plate-based assay was also established to screen for inhibitors that disrupt the interaction between a phosphopeptide of SLAM (signaling lymphocytic activation molecule) and its interacting protein SAP (SLAM-associated protein). We identified a number of inhibitors with IC50 values in the range of 17–35 μM, implying that the cycloSal phosphodiester-carrying amino acid could mimic the phosphotyrosyl residue. Our results also raise the possibility of integrating the newly developed phosphotyrosine mimetic moiety into inhibitors designed for other SH2 domain-containing proteins.
Heat‐evoked vasodilatation in human hairy skin: axon reflexes due to low‐level activity of nociceptive afferents. (1996)

1. Spreading vasodilatation of the axon reflex type was evoked by contact heat stimulation of the hairy skin in the human forearm (13.3 cm2 stimulus area) and was detected by laser Doppler flowmetry at 8, 19 and 30 mm distance. 2. From a base temperature of 35 degrees C, rapidly rising short heat stimuli (4 degrees C s-1, 2 s plateau) elicited vasodilatation at an average threshold of 39.4 degrees C. For slowly rising sustained heat stimuli (64 s duration) the average threshold was 39.6 degrees C (n.s.) Laser Doppler flowmetry revealed a rapid onset within about 4 s, a long duration of several minutes beyond the end of the stimulus, and a rapid spread of vasodilatation to remote skin areas. These characteristics are typical for vasodilatation by an axon reflex of nociceptive afferents. 3. Axon reflex thresholds matched the lower range of C fibre nociceptor heat thresholds. Thermal stimuli that were adjusted to elicit about half-maximal phasic responses in warm fibres (steps from 30 to 35 degrees C), but were below the range of C fibre nociceptor thresholds, did not cause any vasodilatation. 4. Pain thresholds were higher than axon reflex thresholds for both rapidly and slowly rising heat stimuli and strongly depended on the stimulus pattern (40.1 degrees C for rapidly rising stimuli and > 43 degrees C for slowly rising stimuli). This observation is consistent with recent reports that the phasic response of nociceptive afferents is essential to overcome the summation requirements at central synapses. 5. In conclusion, axon reflex vasodilatation in response to heat stimuli in the hairy skin of humans is elicited by activation of heat-sensitive nociceptors, even in the absence of a conscious perception of heat pain. The dissociation of pain and vasodilatation thresholds supports the concept of two operating ranges of primary nociceptive afferents. Warm fibres do not contribute to axon reflex vasodilatation in the hairy skin of the human forearm. Release of vasoactive peptides by nociceptive primary afferents may also contribute to local heat-evoked vasodilatation at temperatures above 40 degrees C.
Synthetic small peptides acting on B7H1 enhance apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells (2012)

The interaction of B7H1 in tumor cells with programmed death-1 (PD-1) in T cells plays an important role in the suppression of immune responses. However, the effects of the expression of B7H1 and the PD-1/programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) complex on tumor cells themselves remain largely unknown. In order to clarify this, we induced apoptosis in a number of human pancreatic cancer cells with different expression levels of B7H1 and designed small peptides to interfere with the function of B7H1. In this study, we chose 2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3 and Panc-1 cells). Cells with a high expression of B7H1 (BxPC-3 cells and Panc-1 cells treated with interferon-γ) presented much lower levels of drug-induced apoptosis after they were incubated with PD-1 immunoglobulin. Furthermore, the percentage of BxPC-3 apoptotic cells transfected with B7H1 siRNA was higher compared to that of cells transfected with control siRNA. Both of these results indicate that the PD-1/PD-L1 complex transfers a reverse signal to B7H1+ pancreatic cancer cells upon drug-induced apoptosis in vitro. This effect may be a substantial factor for drug resistance during antitumor therapies. However, synthetic small peptides designed according to the amino acid residues of the PD-1/PD-L1 complex interrupt this effect successfully by their binding to cell membranes and acting like a blocking agent. This result may lead to a breakthrough in pancreatic cancer treatment.
Handwritten Text Segmentation in Scribbled Document via Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2019)

Supervised learning methods have shown promising results for the handwritten text segmentation in scribbled documents. However, many previous methods have handled the problem as a connected component analysis due to the extreme difficulty of pixel-level annotations. Although there is an approach to solve this problem by using synthetically generated data, the resultant model does not generalize well to real scribbled documents due to the domain gap between the real and synthetic dataset. To alleviate the problems, we propose an unsupervised domain adaptation strategy for the pixel-level handwritten text segmentation. This is accomplished by employing an adversarial discriminative model to align the source and target distribution in the feature space, incorporating entropy minimization loss to make the model discriminative even for the unlabeled target data. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the baseline network both quantitatively and qualitatively. Specifically, the proposed adaptation strategy mitigates the domain shift problem very well, showing the improvement of baseline performance (IoU) from 64.617% to 85.642%.
Solubility evaluation of murine hybridoma antibodies (2012)

The successful development of antibody therapeutics depends on the molecules having properties that are suitable for manufacturing, as well as use by patients. Because high solubility is a desirable property for antibodies, screening for solubility has become an essential step during the early candidate selection process. In considering the screening process, we formed a hypothesis that hybridoma antibodies are filtered by nature to possess high solubility and tested this hypothesis using a large number of murine hybridoma-derived antibodies. Using the cross-interaction chromatography (CIC) method, we screened the solubility of 92 murine hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies and found that all of these molecules exhibited CIC profiles that are indicative of high solubility (> 100mg/mL). Further investigations revealed that variable region N-linked glycosylation or isoelectric parameters are unlikely to contribute to the high solubility of these antibodies. These results support the general hypothesis that hybridoma monoclonal antibodies are highly soluble.
Rebuilding the limit order book: sequential Bayesian inference on hidden states (2013)

The limit order book of an exchange represents an information store of market participants’ future aims and for many traders the information held in this store is of interest. However, information loss occurs between orders being entered into the exchange and limit order book data being sent out. We present an online algorithm which carries out Bayesian inference to replace information lost at the level of the exchange server and apply our proof of concept algorithm to real historical data from some of the world’s most liquid futures contracts as traded on CME GLOBEX, EUREX and NYSE Liffe exchanges.
Antibiotic Cement-Coated Nails for the Treatment of Infected Nonunions and Segmental Bone Defects (2008)

Thonse, Raghuram MS(Orth), DNB(Orth), FRCS(Glasg), FRCS(Ed); Conway, Janet D. MD Author Information
Optical trapping of nanoparticles and microparticles by a Gaussian standing wave (1999)

The optical trapping of nanoparticles and microparticles by a Gaussian standing wave is experimentally demonstrated for the first time to the authors' knowledge. The standing wave is obtained under a microscope objective as a result of the interference of an incoming laser beam and a beam reflected on a microscope slide that has been coated with a system of reflective dielectric layers. Experimental results show that three-dimensional trapping of nanoparticles (100-nm polystyrene spheres) and one or more vertically aligned micro-objects (5-mum polystyrene spheres, yeast cells) can easily be achieved by use of even highly aberrated beams or objectives with low numerical apertures.
LAN interconnection: a transparent, shortest-path approach (2002)

A new intelligent MAC layer device, called a brouter, is presented. It combines the high performance and transparency advantage of bridges with the traffic control and management features of routers. The spanning-tree restriction is relaxed on interconnected LANs, and allowances are made for arbitrary topology so that all links can be effectively utilized and shortest paths are used to reduce delays. In addition, a learning mechanism is presented for station identification to LAN identification mapping, and it is shown that dynamic station relocation is supported. Feasible congestion control methods for brouters are also discussed. Brouter performance is compared to that of two previous bridge schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hierarchical Structures of Neural Networks for Phoneme Recognition (2006)

This paper deals with phoneme recognition based on neural networks (NN). First, several approaches to improve the phoneme error rate are suggested and discussed. In the experimental part, we concentrate on TempoRAl Patterns (TRAPs) and novel split temporal context (STC) phoneme recognizers. We also investigate into tandem NN architectures. The results of the final system reported on standard TIMIT database compare favorably to the best published results.