gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Named entity translation: extended abstract (2002)

Named entity phrases are being introduced in news stories on a daily basis in the form of personal names, organizations, locations, temporal phrases, and monetary expressions. While the identification of named entities in text has received significant attention (e.g., [2] and [1]), translation of all named entities has not. This translation problem is especially challenging because new phrases can appear out of nowhere, and because many are domain specific, not to be found in bilingual dictionaries.
Performance Analysis of CoMP with Scheduling and Precoding Techniques in the HetNet System (2013)

다중 포인트 협력 통신 기술(CoMP; Coordinated Multi-Point)은 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project)의 LTE-A(Long Term Evolution-Advanced) 시스템 기술 중 하나로 고려된다. 본 논문에서는 CoMP 기술의 세부 기법 중 하나인 CB(Coordinated Beamforming) 기법에 대하여 설계하고, 이를 바탕으로 성능 분석이 이루어졌다. LTE-A 시스템의 이종 네트워크(HetNet; Heterogeneous Network) 환경에서 몬테카를로 모의실험이 이루어졌으며, CDF(Cumulative Distribution Function) 그래프를 통하여 그 성능을 확인한다. 모의실험 결과를 통해 CoMP 기술을 사용하였을 때 성능 이득을 얻을 수 있으며, CoMP 기술에 다양한 스케줄링 및 프리코딩 기법을 적용하였을 때 더 좋은 성능을 가져오는 것을 확인할 수 있다.
Characterization of a new rice glutelin gene GluD-1 expressed in the starchy endosperm (2008)

A new glutelin gene, designated GluD-1, has been discovered by comparing the seed storage proteins from 48 japonica and indica rice cultivars on SDS-PAGE gels. Evidence that GluD-1 is a member of the glutelin family was provided by Western blots using anti-glutelin antiserum and by mapping the gene to the chromosomal glutelin gene cluster. The limited GluD-1 size polymorphism among the rice varieties is due to amino acid substitutions rather than to post-transcriptional modification. GluD-1 is maximally expressed in the starchy endosperm starting at 5 d after flowering (DAF) and increasing through 30 DAF, a major difference from the other glutelins which are primarily expressed in the subaleurone from 10-16 DAF. Only about 0.2 kb of the GluD-1 promoter was sufficient to confer inner starchy endosperm-specific expression. The 0.2 kb truncated GluD-1 promoter contains a bifactorial endosperm box consisting of a truncated GCN4 motif (TGA(G/C)TCA) and AAAG Prolamin box (P box), and ACGT and AACA motifs as cis-regulatory elements. Gel retardation assays and trans-activation experiments indicated that the truncated GCN4 and P box are specifically recognized by RISBZ1 b-ZIP and RPBF Dof activators in vitro, respectively, and are synergistically transactivated, indicating that combinatorial interactions of these motifs are involved in essential endosperm-specific regulation. Furthermore, deviation from the cognate GCN4 motif alters tissue-specific expression in the inner starchy endosperm to include other endosperm tissues.
Abstract 3170: Early detection and follow up of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma – A longitudinal serum based biomarker study (2011)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for more than 37,000 new cases in the US each year. More than half of the patients present in an advanced stage, which confers a poor prognosis. However if detected early this cancer maybe highly curable. Currently there is no biomarker in clinical practice for early detection or prognosis prediction. Many studies are attempting to discover potential biomarkers in tissue, saliva and serum. Promoter methylation suppresses gene expression in cancer and several candidates have been demonstrated to be cancer specific biomarkers. Increased mitochondrial content is another feature that has been demonstrated related to cancer. Our goal is to validate potential biomarkers previously described by our group and others to be linked to HNSCC, in serum samples from a cohort of patients with longitudinal follow up and a subset of normal subjects’ samples. We assessed mitochondrial DNA content (Cox I and Cox II) and methylation status of EDNRB and KIF1a by quantitative PCR in an evaluation set of samples consisting of 75 pre and post treatment serum samples from HNSCC patients and from 11 healthy cancer-free subjects. In tumors, the observed methylation frequencies were 17%, 22% for EDNRB and KIF1a, respectively. There was no observed methylation for EDNRB and KIF1a in normal samples. Increased mitochondrial DNA content was observed in 54% and 59% of the HNSCC samples, by COX1 and COX2, respectively. And no increased content was noted in the normal set. Combining all the markers and analyzing as a panel (at least one positive), we obtained a sensitivity of 83% with specificity of 100%. When we compared post treatment samples to pre treatment samples, we noticed a decreased mitochondrial DNA content in patients without recurrence, and an increase in patients that recurred, however, due to the small number of samples, these associations needs to be confirmed. Our findings indicate that a serum based panel that includes mitochondrial DNA content analysis and cancer specific methylation markers may serve as a high quality detection tool for HNSCC, as well as recurrence prediction. Validation of these preliminary data is ongoing in a larger independent cohort with comprehensive clinical and follow up data. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3170. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3170
A Framework based on Deep Neural Networks to Extract Anatomy of\n Mosquitoes from Images (2020)

We design a framework based on Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network\n(Mask R-CNN) to automatically detect and separately extract anatomical\ncomponents of mosquitoes - thorax, wings, abdomen and legs from images. Our\ntraining dataset consisted of 1500 smartphone images of nine mosquito species\ntrapped in Florida. In the proposed technique, the first step is to detect\nanatomical components within a mosquito image. Then, we localize and classify\nthe extracted anatomical components, while simultaneously adding a branch in\nthe neural network architecture to segment pixels containing only the\nanatomical components. Evaluation results are favorable. To evaluate\ngenerality, we test our architecture trained only with mosquito images on\nbumblebee images. We again reveal favorable results, particularly in extracting\nwings. Our techniques in this paper have practical applications in public\nhealth, taxonomy and citizen-science efforts.\n
Recent advance in induced pluripotent stem cells (2008)

We have previously shown that embryonic stem (ES)-like cells can be induced from mouse fibroblasts, hepatocytes and stomach epithelial cells by introducing four factors (Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4). The cells are similar in morphology, proliferation and gene expression profile to those of ES cells, and are called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. When the iPS cells are transferred into blastocyst, they can contribute to adult chimeric mice and transmit through germline to the next generation. Therefore iPS cells have almost same differentiation potential as ES cells. In 2007, we and others reported the establishment of iPS cells from human somatic cells and showed their pluripotency.These iPS cells would supply patient-specific pluripotent stem cells for cell transplantation therapies. However, iPS cells still have several problems to be overcome, especially tumorigenicity owing to the use of oncogenes and retrovirus. Recent studies revealed that c-Myc is not a crucial factor for iPS induction, albeit it greatly increases the efficiency. The improvement of reprogramming efficiency was reported with soluble factor, Wnt3a, and several small molecules that influence epigenetic modification, such as BIX-01294 and VPA. Induction of mouse iPS cells without virus vector has been reported. Through the basic researches on iPS and ES cells, molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming process were gradually being uncovered. Here we try to summarize current studies on iPS cells. The iPS cells will contribute to the fields ofelucidation of pathogenesis, drug discovery, toxicology study, and cell transplantation therapy in the future.
Soy Protein Functionality and Food Bar Texture (2010)

Six Sigma Methodology was employed to investigate the relationship between the chemical and physical properties of isolated soy proteins (ISP) and the food bar texture based on mechanical hardness and sensory during accelerated storage. Selected bar model systems with high protein content at ≥ 30% were used in the study. The mechanical bar hardness measured by Texture Analyzer was found to be correlated with the hedonic Overall Liking score in sensory evaluation of the high protein bars. Five critical properties of the soy protein important to the bar texture were identified. They are protein solubility, degree and type of enzymatic protein hydrolysis, density, particle size, and particle surface morphology. The protein solubility and degree of hydrolysis are the primary protein properties most significantly affecting the bar hardness and sensory. Density is a secondary property revealed after the primary properties are controlled. Effect of particle size is shown when the first and secondary properties are comparable within narrow ranges. Commercially available ISP’s, Supro® 320, Supro® 313 and Supro® 430 developed from this study can provide technical solutions for creating desirable texture and shelf life in the high protein food bar formulations containing various dairy proteins and sugar syrup levels.
Fractional‐ <i>N</i> PLL with multi‐element fractional divider for noise reduction (2016)

A novel technique to suppress quantisation noise in a ΔΣ fractional‐ N phase‐locked loop (PLL) using a fine‐resolution multi‐element fractional divider is presented. The proposed technique suppresses noise uniformly over the entire frequency range. It is mostly digital and is applicable for both analogue and digital PLLs. The proposed technique with an eight‐element fractional divider can suppress the quantisation noise by 18 dB compared with a conventional fractional‐ N PLL.
Towards an ubiquitous wireless digital writing instrument using MEMS motion sensing technology (2006)

A micro inertial measurement unit (muIMU) which is based on MEMS accelerometers and gyro sensors is developed for real-time recognition of human hand motions, which when combined with appropriate filtering and transformation algorithms, becomes a digital writing system that can be used to record handwriting on any surface. The overall size of our muIMU is less than 25 mm times 70 mm times 20 mm, including the micro sensors, processor, and wireless interface components. We present our progress on using this muIMU based on Kalman filtering algorithm to filter the noise of sensors, which has allowed the system to successfully transform hand motions into recognizable and recordable English characters. Our goal is to implement this system to a digital hand-writing system that can interface with PC and mobile computing devices
Computer assisted diagnosis for digital mammography (1995)

This article describes the application of wavelet transform for image enhancement in medical imaging. The initial clinical application is the enhancement of microcalcification clusters (MCCs) in digitized mammograms to improve both their visualization and their detection using computer assisted diagnostic (CAD) methods. The potential universal application for improved visual interpretation of medical images using a computer monitor is also demonstrated. The early detection of MCCs is important in screening programs since their presence is often associated with a high incidence of breast cancer. The enhancement of MCCs is an excellent model for real world evaluation of the wavelet transform. The detection of MCCs presents a significant challenge to the performance characteristics of X-ray imaging sensors and image display monitors since microcalcifications vary in size, shape, signal intensity, and contrast and may be located in areas of very dense parenchymal tissue, making their detection difficult. The classification of MCCs, in turn, as benign or malignant, requires their morphology and detail to be preserved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multisensing Fuel Injector in Turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection Engines (2014)

With the increasingly stringent emissions and fuel economy standards, there is a need to develop new advanced in-cylinder sensing techniques to optimize the operation of the internal combustion engine. In addition, reducing the number of on-board sensors needed for proper engine monitoring over the lifetime of the vehicle would reduce the cost and complexity of the electronic system. This paper presents a new technique to enable one engine component, the fuel injector, to perform multiple sensing tasks in addition to its primary task of delivering the fuel into the cylinder. The injector is instrumented within an electric circuit to produce a signal indicative of some injection and combustion parameters in electronically controlled spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engines. The output of the multisensing fuel injector (MSFI) system can be used as a feedback signal to the engine control unit (ECU) for injection timing control and diagnosis of the injection and combustion processes. A comparison between sensing capabilities of the multisensing fuel injector and the spark plug-ion sensor under different engine operating conditions is also included in this study. In addition, the combined use of the ion current signals produced by the MSFI and the spark plug for combustion sensing and control is demonstrated.
Crystalline Polyesters for Use in High Durability Electrophotographic Toner (2007)

Recently, requests have been made that toners be able to fuse to paper with lower energy utilization. It has been reported previously that toners containing crystalline polyesters exhibited excellent fusing ability and that the lowering of these polymers's melting points was an effective means of improving fusing performance. On the other hand, the speed of printers and copiers has been increasing year by year, requiring the toner to have excellent durability properties. It is extremely difficult to satisfy both the durability and lower energy fusing requirements with the same toner as the properties work against each other. In this study, we have developed high molecular weight crystalline polyesters which allow us to obtain a high durability toner that also exhibits low energy fusing performance. Durability was achieved by increasing the molecular weight of the crystalline polyester, which is believed to also contribute to better dispersion of the toner additives. Moreover, it was found that the crystalline polyester'ss melting point was not affected by the molecular weight changes made in this study. Consequently, we were able to obtain both high molecular weight and a low melting point in these crystalline polyesters. As an added benefit, it has been observed that the high molecular weight crystalline polyesters also exhibit melt elasticity properties important for good toner antihot offset performance.
Direct-write 3D printing of NdFeB bonded magnets (2016)

We report a method to fabricate Nd–Fe–B (NdFeB) bonded magnets of complex shape via extrusion-based additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D-printing. We have successfully formulated a 3D-printable epoxy-based ink for direct-write AM with anisotropic MQA NdFeB magnet particles that can be deposited at room temperature. The new feedstocks contain up to 40 vol.% MQA anisotropic NdFeB magnet particles, and they are shown to remain uniformly dispersed in the thermoset matrix throughout the deposition process. Ring, bar, and horseshoe-type 3D magnet structures were printed and cured in air at 100°C without degrading the magnetic properties. This study provides a new pathway for fabricating NdFeB bonded magnets with complex geometry at low temperature, and presents new opportunities for fabricating multifunctional hybrid structures and devices.
Description and Predictive Value of a Novel Method for Determining the Respiratory Compensation Point Using Standard Scores (2015)

The ability to use data from tests of maximum aerobic capacity to estimate the ventilatory threshold and point of respiratory compensation (RCP) is useful for coaches and practitioners in the development of training schemes. Current methods for determining the RCP generally involve identifying deflections in respiratory variables when examined alongside minute ventilation. This investigation describes a novel mathematical method for determining RCP using standard scores (Z-scores) for minute ventilation (VE) and oxygen consumption (VO2). This method allows for the point where ventilation becomes disproportionate to oxygen consumption to be quantified as an intersection between 2 lines of best fit. This novel Z-score method was compared with a well-described determination of RCP and was found to be highly correlated (r = 0.926, p ≤ 0.001). The Z-score method was also found to be related to 10-km road race performance using regression analysis (R(2) = 0.824, p ≤ 0.001) in a group of 18 athletes and recreational runners. Based on the evidence from this study, the Z-score method of RCP determination is highly correlated to previous methods and endurance performance. This method potentially offers further benefits as it is not reliant on visual determination of changes in slope in variables of interest but rather on the mathematical solution to the intersection of 2 regression lines.
Cloning of the Gene Encoding a Protective <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Secreted Protein Detected In Vivo during the Initial Phases of the Infectious Process (2005)

The existence of therapeutic agents and the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine have not significantly affected the current tuberculosis pandemic. BCG vaccine protects against serious pediatric forms of tuberculosis but not against adult pulmonary tuberculosis, the most common and contagious form of the disease. Several vaccine candidates, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant proteins formulated in newer adjuvants or delivered in bacterial plasmid DNA have recently been described. An attractive source of vaccine candidates has been M. tuberculosis Ags present in culture supernatants of the initial phases of the bacterial growth in vitro. In this study we describe an Ag discovery approach to select for such Ags produced in vivo during the initial phases of the infection. We combined RP-HPLC and mass spectrometry to identify secreted or shed M. tuberculosis proteins eliminated in animal urine within 14 days after the infection. A peptide containing sequence homology with a hypothetical M. tuberculosis protein was identified and the recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli. The protein was recognized by Ab (IgG2a and IgG1) and T cells (Th1) of mice infected with M. tuberculosis and by lymphoid cells from healthy donors who had a positive purified protein derivative skin test but not from tuberculosis patients. Moreover, this Ag induced protection in mice against M. tuberculosis at levels comparable to protection induced by BCG vaccine. These results validate the Ag discovery approach of M. tuberculosis proteins secreted or shed in vivo during the early phases of the infection and open new possibilities for the development of potential vaccine candidates or of markers of active mycobacterial multiplication and therefore active disease.
Crosslingual location search (2008)

Address geocoding, the process of finding the map location for a structured postal address, is a relatively well-studied problem. In this paper we consider the more general problem of crosslingual location search, where the queries are not limited to postal addresses, and the language and script used in the search query is different from the one in which the underlying data is stored. To the best of our knowledge, our system is the first crosslingual location search system that is able to geocode complex addresses. We use a statistical machine transliteration system to convert location names from the script of the query to that of the stored data. However, we show that it is not sufficient to simply feed the resulting transliterations into a monolingual geocoding system, as the ambiguity inherent in the conversion drastically expands the location search space and significantly lowers the quality of results. The strength of our approach lies in its integrated, end-to-end nature: we use abstraction and fuzzy search (in the text domain) to achieve maximum coverage despite transliteration ambiguities, while applying spatial constraints (in the geographic domain) to focus only on viable interpretations of the query. Our experiments with structured and unstructured queries in a set of diverse languages and scripts (Arabic, English, Hindi and Japanese) searching for locations in different regions of the world, show full crosslingual location search accuracy at levels comparable to that of commercial monolingual systems. We achieve these levels of performance using techniques that may be applied to crosslingual searches in any language/script, and over arbitrary spatial data.
The risk of ventricular arrhythmias in a Dutch CRT population: CRT-defibrillator versus CRT-pacemaker (2016)

Assessing the necessity of an ICD in patients eligible for CRT remains a challenge. Six months post-CRT an LVEF > 35 % identified patients at low risk of ventricular arrhythmias. LVEF might be used at the time of generator replacement to identify patients suitable for downgrading to a CRT-pacemaker.
Dopamine D3 receptor antagonists: a patent review (2007 – 2012) (2013)

The strongest clinical application and potential for selective DA D3 receptor antagonists lies in the reduction of drug-induced incentive motivation, the attenuation of drug's rewarding efficacy and the reduction in reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior triggered either by re-exposure to the drug itself, re-exposure to environmental cues that had been previously associated with drug-taking behavior or stress. The selectivity of these antagonists together with reduced lipophilicity (minimizing unspecific binding), increased brain penetration and improved physico-chemical profile are all key factors for clinical efficacy and safety.
Novel platinum‐containing initiators for ring‐opening polymerizations (1991)

Abstract A novel class of platinum‐based initiating systems for the ring‐opening polymerization of a wide variety of heterocyclic compounds including epoxides, oxetanes, and 1,3,5‐trioxane have been discovered. In addition to a platinum complex as a catalyst, a cocatalyst, consisting of a compound or polymer containing silicon‐hydrogen bonds must also be present. This article reports on a preliminary survey of the scope and limitations of these new initiator systems. Particular emphasis in this article has been placed on the ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides which have been studied in some detail and which proceed rapidly and exothermically at room temperature. A number of mechanistic studies have been conducted and the best current evidence suggests that polymerization proceeds by a cationic mechanism. Evidence is also presented which suggests that platinum metal colloids may function as the active initiating species.