gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience and prospects for various control strategies for self-replicating multi-agent systems (2006)

Distributed cooperative applications (e.g.,e-commerce) are now increasingly being designed as a set of autonomous entities, named agents, which interact and coordinate(thus named a multi-agent system). Such applications are often very dynamic: new agents can join or leave, they can change roles, strategies, etc. This high dynamicity creates new challenges to the traditional approaches of fault-tolerance. As relative importance of agents may evolve during the course of computation and problem solving,we need to dynamically and automatically identify the most critical agents and to adapt their replication strategies (e.g., active or passive, number of replicas), in order to maximize their reliability and their availability. One important issue is then: what kind of information could be used to estimate which agents are most critical agents? In this paper, we will first introduce our prototype architecture for adaptive replication. Then, we will discuss various kinds of information and strategies to estimate criticality of agents: static dependences, dynamic dependences, roles, norms, and plans. Some preliminary measurements and future directions will also be presented.
High-speed string searching against large dictionaries on the Cell/B.E. Processor (2008)

Our digital universe is growing, creating exploding amounts of data which need to be searched, filtered and protected. String searching is at the core of the tools we use to curb this explosion, such as search engines, network intrusion detection systems, spam filters, and anti-virus programs. But as communication speed grows, our capability to perform string searching in real-time seems to fall behind. Multi-core architectures promise enough computational power to cope with the incoming challenge, but it is still unclear which algorithms and programming models to use to unleash this power. We have parallelized a popular string searching algorithm, Aho-Corasick, on the IBM Cell/B.E. processor, with the goal of performing exact string matching against large dictionaries. In this article we propose a novel approach to fully exploit the DMA-based communication mechanisms of the Cell/B.E. to provide an unprecedented level of aggregate performance with irregular access patterns. We have discovered that memory congestion plays a crucial role in determining the performance of this algorithm. We discuss three aspects of congestion: memory pressure, layout issues and hot spots, and we present a collection of algorithmic solutions to alleviate these problems and achieve quasi-optimal performance. The implementation of our algorithm provides a worst- case throughput of 2.5 Gbps, and a typical throughput between 3.3 and 4.4 Gbps, measured on realistic scenarios with a two-processor Cell/B.E. system.
<title>Detection of drug usage via breath analysis with an immunoassay film badge</title> (1997)

A monolayer of antibody on a semimirror comprised of small islands of indium acts as a sensor capable of detecting vapors at extremely low concentrations without the use of wet chemistry. Already shown capable of detecting cocaine vapors at 4 femtograms per cc of air, the use of the device, called an immunoassay film badge, for detecting drugs on the breath is a natural extension of the sensor's use. This paper describes this application and initial experiments that demonstrate its feasibility.
The FDA and the US Direct-To-Consumer Marketplace for Stem Cell Interventions: A Temporal Analysis (2018)

Hundreds of businesses in the US currently advertise a wide range of non-US FDA-approved stem cell interventions. Here we present a novel systematic temporal analysis of US companies engaged in direct-to-consumer marketing of putative stem cell treatments. Between 2009 and 2014, the number of new US stem cell businesses with websites grew rapidly, at least doubling on average every year. From 2014 to 2016, approximately 90-100 new stem cell business websites appeared per year. In contrast, from 2012 to the present, regulatory activity in the form of FDA warning letters has been limited. These data point to a problematic disconnect between a rapidly expanding US direct-to-consumer stem cell industry and limited FDA oversight of this marketplace. More consistent, timely and effective FDA actions are urgently needed.
A Spiroindolinopyran with Switchable Optical Activity (1997)

Photochemical switching between the diastereomeric spiropyrans [equilibrium (1)] surprisingly does not lead to a decay of the optical activity. This behavior can be attributed to the asymmetric induction by the stereogenic center C3. If the room-temperature equilibrium concentrations of the diastereomers are frozen below −40°C, irradiation with UV light displaces the equilibrium, thus causing information to be stored. The chiroptical properties enable subsequent reading of the data.
Activated carbons as potentially useful non-nutritive additives to prevent the effect of fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> on sodium bentonite activity against chronic aflatoxicosis (2016)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are mycotoxins that often co-occur in feedstuffs. The ingestion of AFB1 causes aflatoxicosis in humans and animals. Sodium bentonite (NaB), a cheap non-nutritive unselective sequestering agent incorporated in animal diets, can effectively prevent aflatoxicosis. Fumonisins are responsible for equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema, and often have subclinical toxic effects in poultries. Fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin B1 are both strongly adsorbed in vitro on sodium bentonite. Co-adsorption studies, carried out with a weight ratio of FB1 to AFB1 that mimics the natural occurrence (200:1), showed that FB1 greatly decreases the in vitro ability of NaB to adsorb AFB1. The ability of two activated carbons to adsorb FB1 was also investigated. Both carbons showed high affinity for FB1. A complex behaviour of the FB1 adsorption isotherms with pH was observed. In vitro results suggest that under natural contamination levels of AFB1 and FB1, a mixture of activated carbon and sodium bentonite might be potentially useful for prevention of sub-acute aflatoxicosis.
Shape similarity measure based on correspondence of visual parts (2000)

A cognitively motivated similarity measure is presented and its properties are analyzed with respect to retrieval of similar objects in image databases of silhouettes of 2D objects. To reduce influence of digitization noise, as well as segmentation errors, the shapes are simplified by a novel process of digital curve evolution. To compute our similarity measure, we first establish the best possible correspondence of visual parts (without explicitly computing the visual parts). Then, the similarity between corresponding parts is computed and aggregated. We applied our similarity measure to shape matching of object contours in various image databases and compared it to well-known approaches in the literature. The experimental results justify that our shape matching procedure gives an intuitive shape correspondence and is stable with respect to noise distortions.
Cache miss equations (1997)

With the widening performance gap between processors and main memory, efficient memory accessing behavior is necessary for good program performance. Both hand-tuning and compiler optimization techniques are often used to transform codes to improve memory performance. Effective transformations require detailed knowledge about the frequency and causes of cache misses in the code.
Effect of hydralazine on CD3-zeta chain expression in Jurkat T cells. (2006)

This difference may partially explain distinct disease course in patients with HYD induced and idiopathic SLE.
Effect of Photoirradiation of GaAs Surface during  HF  Treatment (1984)

Le traitement d'attaque par HF, sous irradiation de cristaux de GaAs donne une surface riche en As. Cette surface peut etre oxydee a l'air et de fines particules cristallines (certainement As 4 O 6 ) s'y forment
Controlled-Release Granules, with Emphasis on Lignin-Based Methods (2023)

This chapter introduces the concept of lignin matrices and discusses their properties and release kinetics, their design, and their possible manufacture and field evaluation. Approaches to the design and preparation of lignin granular formulations are covered in this subsection. Controlled-release granules are highly appropriate for pesticide delivery in flooded rice both in terms of delivery and crop protection and of safety to the aquatic environment and to workers in the field. Preliminary field experiments were carried out on controlled-release granules using the soil-applied herbicide diuron formulated with a mixed hardwood organosolv lignin. Granular bioherbicide formulations generally fall into one of two types, surface inoculation or matrix encapsulation. Surface inoculation usually involves the addition of biocontrol agent inoculum to sterilized granular materials such as oat seeds, a cornmeal/sand medium, or vermiculite. The density of granules made by matrix encapsulation can be controlled by a choice of formulation ingredients to improve rainfastness relative to most surface-inoculated substrates.
Cancer chemotherapy: targeting folic acid synthesis (2010)

Abstract: Antifolates are structural analogs of folates, essential one-carbon donors in the synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells. Antifolates are inhibitors of key enzymes in folate metabolism, namely dihydrofolate reductase, β-glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase, 5'-amino-4'-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase, and thymidylate synthetase. Methotrexate is one of the earliest anticancer drugs and is extensively used in lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and osteosarcoma, among others. Pemetrexed has been approved in combination with cisplatin as first-line treatment for advanced non-squamous-cell lung cancer, as a single agent for relapsed non-small-cell lung cancer after platinum-containing chemotherapy, and in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma. Raltitrexed is approved in many countries (except in the United States) for advanced colorectal cancer, but its utilization is mainly limited to patients intolerant to 5-fluorouracil. Pralatrexate has recently been approved in the United States for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. This article gives an overview of the cellular mechanism, pharmacology, and clinical use of classical and newer antifolates and discusses some of the main resistance mechanisms to antifolate drugs. Keywords: antifolates, cancer, molecular pharmacology, pemetrexed, methotrexate, folate metabolism
Optical mapping of electrical heterogeneities in the heart during global ischemia (2009)

Real-time optical registration of electrical activity in the heart allows the study of arrhythmogenic mechanisms, in particular due to global ischemia. It is known that global ischemia increases electrical heterogeneity in the heart. However, inter-ventricular differences between the right (RV) and left ventricle (LV) during ischemia and their relationship to arrhythmogenesis remains poorly understood. We used high resolution optical mapping (di-4-ANEPPS, excitation at 532 nm, emission at 640+/-50 nm) of Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts to quantify inter-ventricular heterogeneity in the heart during periodic pacing and ventricular fibrillation. Two fast CCD cameras were used to record electrical activity from the RV and LV during control, global ischemia (20 min), and reperfusion. Hearts were paced at progressively reduced (from 300 ms to 100 ms) basic cycle lengths and ventricular fibrillation was induced by burst pacing and recorded before the global ischemia, and after the reperfusion. The action potential durations (APD), maximum slopes of APD restitution curves (S(max)), and mean dominant frequency (DF) of ventricular fibrillation were measured for both LV and RV surfaces. No APD heterogeneity was observed in control hearts. Global ischemia induced inter-ventricular heterogeneity in APDs (RV: 109+/-21 ms, LV: 89+/-23 ms; p<0.01) that was abolished upon reperfusion. However, S(max) was uniformly decreased in both RV (control: 0.94+/-0.25, ischemia: 0.36+/-0.12; p<0.01) and LV (control: 0.99+/-0.24, ischemia: 0.43+/-0.21; p<0.01) and did not recover upon reperfusion. In addition, the DF of ventricular fibrillation during reperfusion decreased significantly in RV (from 8.6+/-1.3 Hz to 6.2+/-1.1 Hz; p<0.05) but remained the same in LV (9.0+/-0.8 Hz vs 8.5+/-1.0 Hz). Thus, our results demonstrate that global ischemia induces inter-ventricular heterogeneity in APD during periodic pacing. Although this effect was abolished upon reperfusion, S(max) did not recover, indicating the presence of residual changes in electrical properties of the heart. Therefore, reperfusion reveals the presence of inter-ventricular heterogeneities in the dynamics of ventricular fibrillation.
The Drosophila couch potato protein is expressed in nuclei of peripheral neuronal precursors and shows homology to RNA-binding proteins. (1992)

Through enhancer detection screens we have isolated and cloned an essential gene that is expressed in the neuronal precursors and their daughter cells in the Drosophila embryonic peripheral nervous system (PNS). The gene is named couch potato (cpo), because several partial loss-of-function alleles cause hypoactive behavior in adults. Here, we present evidence that the structure of the cpo locus is unusually complex: It spans > 100 kb, encodes three different messages, is differentially spliced, lacks an AUG initiation codon, and may encode three different proteins. Two putative Cpo proteins contain similar but nonidentical RNA-binding domains that are most homologous to the RNA-binding domains of the Drosophila embryonic lethal abnormal vision (elav) gene and a human brain protein that has been implicated in a paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy. Polyclonal antibodies raised against a fusion protein localize Cpo to the nucleus. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrate that the achaete-scute and daughterless genes are required for proper expression of cpo in the PNS but not in other cells that express cpo. On the basis of our observations, we present a model in which cpo is controlled by genes that determine cells to become PNS cells. Cpo, in turn, may control the processing of RNA molecules required for the proper functioning of the PNS.
In memoriam Griet Maréchal (1942-2019) (2023)

Totaal onverwacht overleed op
Dye-doped polymer based self-written waveguide for optical interconnection (2008)

For long term & stable properties of the packaged optical devices, a suitable optical interconnection method is highly required in photonic manufacturing. It is mainly used to provide a better optical property to the packaged device and to prevent from the atmospheric effect. As an optical interconnection, the formation of self-written waveguide (SWW) in dye-doped polymer by irradiation of green laser is demonstrated. The formed SWW is characterized by measuring the output power through the interconnection. The reliability is also tested with the lateral displacement conditions. The applied lasing power and the dye composition ratio were found as the most influencing factors in SWW formation. The effect of those factors is carefully studied and optimized.
Recurrent Fusion Genes in Gastric Cancer: CLDN18-ARHGAP26 Induces Loss of Epithelial Integrity (2015)

Genome rearrangements, a hallmark of cancer, can result in gene fusions with oncogenic properties. Using DNA paired-end-tag (DNA-PET) whole-genome sequencing, we analyzed 15 gastric cancers (GCs) from Southeast Asians. Rearrangements were enriched in open chromatin and shaped by chromatin structure. We identified seven rearrangement hot spots and 136 gene fusions. In three out of 100 GC cases, we found recurrent fusions between CLDN18, a tight junction gene, and ARHGAP26, a gene encoding a RHOA inhibitor. Epithelial cell lines expressing CLDN18-ARHGAP26 displayed a dramatic loss of epithelial phenotype and long protrusions indicative of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fusion-positive cell lines showed impaired barrier properties, reduced cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, retarded wound healing, and inhibition of RHOA. Gain of invasion was seen in cancer cell lines expressing the fusion. Thus, CLDN18-ARHGAP26 mediates epithelial disintegration, possibly leading to stomach H(+) leakage, and the fusion might contribute to invasiveness once a cell is transformed.
Federated Identity Management and Usage Control - Obstacles to Industry Adoption (2013)

Federated identity management and usage control technologies have received considerable attention from the research community during the past decade. We have investigated the views of, and attitudes towards, adopting federated identity management and usage control technologies in the oil and gas industry in Norway through two case studies. Although the industry combines extensive inter-organisational collaboration and information sharing with high demands for security, the adoption is thus far low. In this paper we review the results of the case studies jointly and attempt to give an industry-view on the obstacles to adoption. Further, we propose a set of strategies to overcome the obstacles and improve the rate of adoption. More empirical research should be carried out to complement the views put forth in this paper, and to supplement the suggested strategies to facilitate technology adoption.
Sorption of <i>Talaromyces emersonii</i> cellulase on cellulosic substrates (1983)

The sorption characteristics of the cellulase system of Talaromyces emersonii on various cellulosic substrates were examined. Analysis of reaction mixture supernatants by electrophoresis and enzyme assay showed that all components of the cellulase system were rapidly adsorbed by cellulose and then gradually returned to the liquid phase as the hydrolysis of the substrate progressed. The extent of adsorption in the rapid phase was influenced by pH, temperature, the nature of the substrate, and its concentration.
Multi-Criteria Location Model of Emergency Shelters in Humanitarian Logistics (2020)

Natural disasters can cause serious casualties and economic losses, and emergency shelters are effective measures to reduce disaster risks and protect lives. At present, the location models of refuge facilities often ignore the diversion of shelter from the perspective of humanitarian logistics and the needs of victims. Such models also seldom consider the impact of the pre-storage of relief materials on the location of shelters. In this study, on the basis of the different needs of disaster victims, shelters are divided into two types—basic life and psychological medical service guarantees. While considering the full coverage of shelter needs, capacities, and budget constraints, the shelter distance, the optimized distribution of refugees, and the pre-stock quantity of goods are optimized. The facility service quality is optimized on the basis of qualitative factors. This study proposes a multi-standard constrained site selection model to optimize the pre-disaster shelter site-allocation problem. The model is helpful for decision makers to influence shelter siting and victims’ allocating process through their expertise and to obtain a solution that compromises multiple objectives. In this study, several basic cases are generated from the actual data of certain areas in Sichuan Province, a disaster-prone region in China, to verify the effectiveness of the model.
Parameters for differentiating vaccine-derived and wild poliovirus strains. (1978)

Theodore Roosevelt writes to Charles Sumner Bird to invite Bird and Bird's son over to discuss the Hague peace convention and World War I.
Asymmetric Catalytic C−H Activation Applied to the Synthesis of <i>Syn</i>-Aldol Products (2000)

Rh(2)(R-DOSP)(4)-catalyzed decomposition of methyl phenyldiazoacetate in the presence of tetraalkoxysilanes results in the asymmetric synthesis of syn-aldol products. This catalytic asymmetric intermolecular C-H activation proceeds by means of a rhodium-carbene-induced C-H insertion.
Object disappearance for object discovery (2012)

A useful capability for a mobile robot is the ability to recognize the objects in its environment that move and change (as distinct from background objects, which are largely stationary). This ability can improve the accuracy and reliability of localization and mapping, enhance the ability of the robot to interact with its environment, and facilitate applications such as inventory management and theft detection. Rather than viewing this task as a difficult application of object recognition methods from computer vision, this work is in line with a recent trend in the community towards unsupervised object discovery and tracking that exploits the fundamentally temporal nature of the data acquired by a robot. Unlike earlier approaches, which relied heavily upon computationally intensive techniques from mapping and computer vision, our approach combines visual features and RGB-D data in a simple and effective way to segment objects from robot sensory data. We then use a Dirichlet process to cluster and recognize objects. The performance of our approach is demonstrated in several test domains.
Reflection-type optical waveguide switch with bow-tie electrode (2002)

Based on the total internal reflection and the plasma dispersion effect of SiGe alloy, an intersectional rib optical waveguide switch with bow-tie electrode has been proposed and fabricated for operating wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m. The thickness of the SiGe layer is 2.6 /spl mu/m and the width is 9 /spl mu/m. The branch angle of the switch is 2/spl deg/ and the bow-tie angle is 1.5/spl deg/. The crosstalks are -19.6 dB for 1.3 /spl mu/m and -21.8 dB for 1.55 /spl mu/m. At both wavelengths, the extinction ratio is larger than 38.5 dB and the insertion loss is less than 1.70 dB. The switching time is about 180 ns.
The preparation of 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene nanoemulsion and in vitro release (2011)

We have reported a novel procedure to prepare 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (DHPS) nanoemulsion, using a low-energy emulsification method. Based on the phase diagram, the optimum prescription of nanoemulsion preparation was screened. With polyoxyethylenated castor oil (EL-40) as the surfactant, ethanol as the co-surfactant, and isopropyl myristate (IPM) as the oil phase, the DHPS nanoemulsion was obtained with a transparent appearance, little viscosity, and spherically uniform distribution verified by transmission electron microscopy and laser scattering analyzer. The nanoemulsion was also determined by FT-Raman spectroscopy. The DHPS nanoemulsion demonstrated good stability and stable physical and chemical properties. The nanoemulsion dramatically improved the transdermal release of DHPS (from 8.02 μg · cm(-2) to 273.15 μg · cm(-2)) and could become a favorable new dosage form for DHPS.
Response of an Elastic Plate to Localized Transient Sources (1985)

The surface response of an infinite, homogeneous elastic plate to an internal dislocation across an infinitestimal area is investigated. As a companion problem, the normal displacement of the plate surface due to a time-dependent surface load is also calculated. The first problem is relevant for the detection of crack initiation in structural materials through the analysis of high-frequency elastic waves generated by the event. The solution to the second problem is needed for the calibration of test equipment used in the detection of the waves. The problems are formulated by means of a classical integral transform in the frequency domain and the spectral response of the plate is expressed in terms of the modal contributions due to the real, imaginary, and complex roots of the Rayleigh-Lamb equation. Time histories of the response are obtained through the inversion of the spectra by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) routine.