gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Polybenzoquinolines as Precursors for Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbons (2015)

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) represent promising materials for the next generation of nanoscale electronics. However, despite substantial progress towards the bottom-up synthesis of chemically and structurally well-defined all-carbon GNRs, strategies for the preparation of their nitrogen-doped analogs remain at a nascent stage. This scarce literature precedent is surprising given the established use of substitutional doping for tuning the properties of electronic materials. Herein, we report the synthesis of a previously unknown class of polybenzoquinoline-based materials, which have potential as GNR precursors. Our scalable and facile approach employs few synthetic steps, inexpensive commercial starting materials, and straightforward reaction conditions. Moreover, due to the importance of quinoline derivatives for a variety of applications, the reported findings may hold implications across a diverse range of chemical and physical disciplines.
Recombinant monoclonal antibodies in tumor therapy. (1990)

The application of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) of non human origin in the treatment of human diseases is hampered by the immunogenicity of those molecules in patients. The development of molecular biology provides us with the opportunity to overcome the problem of immunogenicity and even allows the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches. These approaches use the MAb as carriers to deliver certain properties (MAb + X) to a specific site in the patient. These properties can be toxic principles like radioactivity or cytostatically active substances, enzymatic activities or specific receptor functions. In addition to the molecular biology of MAb a detailed analysis of the pharmacokinetic behaviour of molecules of MAb size (150 KD) and of small molecules (less than 1KD) in solid tissues gave rise to a new therapeutical concept called two phase immunotherapy. This concept is based on the separation of the localisation phase, the phase in which the MAb + X molecule localises at the position where therapy is desired, from the toxic phase. During the toxic phase, a untoxic "substance" develops a toxic activity by the action of the MAb + X only at the desired localisation. This concept is presently converted into practice in numerous different approaches, for example in a two phase tumor radioimmunotherapy, in a immune specific enzyme mediated chemotherapy (ISEC) and in a concept using Major Histocompatibility (MHC) antigen specific CTL as toxic agents to destroy MHC class I labeled target cells.
Generalized lempel-ziv compression for audio (2005)

We introduce a novel compression paradigm to generalize a class of Lempel-Ziv algorithms for lossy compression of multimedia. Based upon the fact that music, in particular electronically generated sound, has substantial level of repetitiveness within a single clip, we generalize the basic Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm to support representing a single window of audio using a linear combination of filtered past windows. In this positioning paper, we present a detailed overview of the new compression paradigm, we identify the basic challenges such as similarity search and present preliminary experimental results on a benchmark of electronically generated musical pieces.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of C‐6 Carbamate Ketolides, a Novel Series of Orally Active Ketolide Antibiotics. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Antisense Oligonucleotides Containing Modified Pyrimidines (1991)

Abstract Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing certain pyrimidines modified at the 5 and/or 6-position(s) of the heterocycle were synthesized. The ODNs were evaluated for their resistance to nuclease degradation in serum, hybridization properties, and ability to activate RNase H.
Confocal Rainbow Volume Holographic Imaging (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J.M. Castro, P.J. Gelsinger-Austin, J.K. Barton, and R.K. Kostuk, "Confocal Rainbow Volume Holographic Imaging," Optics & Photonics News 22(12), 52-52 (2011) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Parallel dynamic logic (PDL) with speed-enhanced skewed static (SSS) logic (2000)

In this paper, we describe parallel dynamic logic (PDL) which exhibits high speed and no charge sharing problem. PDL uses only parallel-connected transistors for logic evaluation and is a good candidate for high-speed low-voltage operation. It has less back-bias effect compared to other logic styles which use stacked transistors. Furthermore, PDL needs no signal ordering nor tapering. PDL with speed-enhanced skewed static logic renders straightforward logic synthesis without area penalty due to logic duplication. Our experimental results on two 32-bit carry look ahead adders using 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology showed that PDL with speed-enhanced skewed static (SSS) logic improves performance over clock-delayed (CD)-domino by 15-27% and power delay by 20-37%.
Passive tracking of underwater acoustic sources with sparse innovations (2015)

Tracking acoustic sources via passive sonar is a challenging task common to several underwater monitoring and surveillance systems. Classical tracking approaches based on matched-field tracking and Kalman filtering techniques are impractical due to the their large computational and storage requirements. This work uses sparse-signal modeling tools to develop a computationally-affordable broadband tracking algorithm for an entire source-location map (SLM). Spectral data from multiple frequency bands are processed coherently so as to unambiguously agree on the source locations across frequencies. The tracking problem is cast so that the sparsity inherent in the SLM and in the SLM-innovations can be exploited. A numerical solver based on the proximal gradient method and the alternating directions method of multipliers is developed for SLM estimation. Numerical tests on real data illustrate their performance.
Single frequency erbium fiber external cavity semiconductor laser (1995)

A novel external cavity configuration for stable single frequency operation of the semiconductor laser is demonstrated. By using an erbium doped fiber as the external cavity, longitudinal mode-hopping is suppressed, ensuring single frequency operation. Employing a 3 m long fiber cavity, resolution-limited optical linewidths of a kHz are obtained.
Beam shaping of high pulse energy lasers (Conference Presentation) (2019)

High-power pulsed lasers are widely used in scientific and industrial applications, and control of irradiance distribution using beam shaping optics is important to increase efficiency of laser techniques. A popular approach of building optical systems is use of a refractive beam shaper and imaging optics afterwards to create resulting spot of required intensity profile and size in a working plane. Important feature of imaging optical systems is creating the image after the paraxial focal plane – this means focusing of a high energy pulse before the image plane and probable air break down disturbing the intensity distribution in image and reducing performance of entire system. This problem becomes especially actual with modern ultrashort pulse lasers which pulse energy is constantly rising. Specific requirements to beam shaping optics in these laser systems are providing variable irradiance distributions, saving of beam consistency and flatness of phase front, capability to work with TEM00 and multimode lasers, resistance to high peak power radiation. Among various refractive and diffractive beam shaping techniques only refractive field mapping beam shapers like piShaper meet these requirements. The operational principle of these devices presumes almost lossless transformation of laser beam irradiance from Gaussian to flat-top, super-Gauss or inverse-Gauss through controlled wavefront manipulation inside a beam shaper using lenses with smooth optical surfaces. To overcome the problem of eventual air break down by imaging after a beam shaper it is suggested to apply optical systems with field lenses, which main function is changing the focusing conditions without change of the system transverse magnification. This approach allows to “move” the point of pulse energy concentration from the image zone and increase the focus spot size in order to reduce probability of air break down or avoid it at all. This paper will describe some design basics of refractive beam shapers of the field mapping type and optical layouts of their applying in optical systems of high-power lasers. Examples of real implementations and experimental results will be presented as well.
The tobacco <i>Cel7</i> gene promoter is auxin‐responsive and locally induced in nematode feeding sites of heterologous plants (2007)

Emerging evidence suggests that plant cell-wall-modifying enzymes induced by root-parasitic nematodes play important roles in feeding cell formation. We previously identified a tobacco endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (cellulase) gene, NtCel7, that was strongly induced in both root-knot and cyst nematode feeding cells. To characterize further the developmental and nematode-responsive regulation of NtCel7, we isolated the NtCel7 promoter and analysed its expression over a time course of nematode infection and in response to auxin, gibberellin, ethylene and sucrose in soybean and tomato hairy roots and in Arabidopsis containing the NtCel7 promoter fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Histochemical analyses of transgenic plant materials revealed that the NtCel7 promoter exhibited a unique organ-specific expression pattern during plant development suggestive of important roles for NtCel7 in both vegetative and reproductive growth. In all plant species tested, strong GUS expression was observed in root tips and lateral root primordia of uninfected roots with weaker expression in the root vasculature. Further analyses of transgenic Arabidopsis plants revealed expression in shoot and root meristems and the vasculature of most organs during plant development. We also determined that the NtCel7 promoter was induced by auxin, but not gibberellin, ethylene or sucrose. Moreover, strong GUS activity was observed in both cyst and root-knot nematode-induced feeding sites in transgenic roots of soybean, tomato and Arabidopsis. The conserved developmental and nematode-responsive expression of the NtCel7 promoter in heterologous plants indicates that motifs of this regulatory element play a fundamental role in regulating NtCel7 gene expression within nematode feeding sites and that this regulation may be mediated by auxin.
Learning detectors of malicious web requests for intrusion detection in\n network traffic (2017)

This paper proposes a generic classification system designed to detect\nsecurity threats based on the behavior of malware samples. The system relies on\nstatistical features computed from proxy log fields to train detectors using a\ndatabase of malware samples. The behavior detectors serve as basic reusable\nbuilding blocks of the multi-level detection architecture. The detectors\nidentify malicious communication exploiting encrypted URL strings and domains\ngenerated by a Domain Generation Algorithm (DGA) which are frequently used in\nCommand and Control (C&C), phishing, and click fraud. Surprisingly, very\nprecise detectors can be built given only a limited amount of information\nextracted from a single proxy log. This way, the computational requirements of\nthe detectors are kept low which allows for deployment on a wide range of\nsecurity devices and without depending on traffic context such as DNS logs,\nWhois records, webpage content, etc. Results on several weeks of live traffic\nfrom 100+ companies having 350k+ hosts show correct detection with a precision\nexceeding 95% of malicious flows, 95% of malicious URLs and 90% of infected\nhosts. In addition, a comparison with a signature and rule-based solution shows\nthat our system is able to detect significant amount of new threats.\n
Role of PC‐1 in The Etiology of Insulin Resistance (1999)

Defects in insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity have been demonstrated in tissues from insulin resistant subjects, but mutations in the insulin receptor gene are rare. Therefore, other molecules that are capable of modulating the insulin receptor most likely play a major role in insulin resistance. In cultured fibroblasts from an insulin resistant patient with Type 2 diabetes, we first identified membrane glycoprotein PC-1 as an inhibitor of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity. PC-1 is overexpressed in fibroblasts from other insulin resistant subjects, both with and without Type 2 diabetes. PC-1 is a large class II exoprotein whose function is unknown. Studies in muscle and fat of insulin resistant subjects two primary tissues for insulin activation, reveal that elevated levels of PC-1 are inversely correlated with decreased insulin action both in vivo and in vitro. Transfection and expression of PC-1 in cultured cells demonstrate that overexpression of PC-1 produces impairments in insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity, and the subsequent cellular responses to insulin. These studies indicate, therefore, that PC-1 is a major factor in the etiology of insulin resistance, and is a potential new therapeutic target for anti-diabetic therapy.
PMab-213: A Monoclonal Antibody for Immunohistochemical Analysis Against Pig Podoplanin (2019)

Podoplanin (PDPN) is known to be expressed in normal tissues, including lymphatic endothelial cells, renal podocytes, and type I lung alveolar cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, and bovine PDPN have already been established; however, mAbs against pig PDPN (pPDPN) are lacking. In the present study, mice were immunized with pPDPN-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells (CHO/pPDPN), and hybridomas producing mAbs against pPDPN were identified by flow cytometric screening. One of the mAbs, PMab-213 (IgG<sub>2b</sub>, kappa), could specifically detect CHO/pPDPN cells through flow cytometry and detect pPDPN through western blot analysis. K<sub>D</sub> of PMab-213 for CHO/pPDPN was determined to be 2.1 × 10<sup>-9</sup> M, indicating a high affinity for CHO/pPDPN. Furthermore, PMab-213 strongly stained lymphatic endothelial cells, renal podocytes, and type I lung alveolar cells through immunohistochemistry. PMab-213 is expected to be useful in investigating the function of pPDPN.
Structural details (kinks and non-  conformations) in transmembrane helices are intrahelically determined and can be predicted by sequence pattern descriptors (2003)

One of the promising methods of protein structure prediction involves the use of amino acid sequence-derived patterns. Here we report on the creation of non-degenerate motif descriptors derived through data mining of training sets of residues taken from the transmembrane-spanning segments of polytopic proteins. These residues correspond to short regions in which there is a deviation from the regular alpha-helical character (i.e. pi-helices, 3(10)-helices and kinks). A 'search engine' derived from these motif descriptors correctly identifies, and discriminates amongst instances of the above 'non-canonical' helical motifs contained in the SwissProt/TrEMBL database of protein primary structures. Our results suggest that deviations from alpha-helicity are encoded locally in sequence patterns only about 7-9 residues long and can be determined in silico directly from the amino acid sequence. Delineation of such variations in helical habit is critical to understanding the complex structure-function relationships of polytopic proteins and for drug discovery. The success of our current methodology foretells development of similar prediction tools capable of identifying other structural motifs from sequence alone. The method described here has been implemented and is available on the World Wide Web at http://cbcsrv.watson.ibm.com/Ttkw.html.
Frequency-comb based approaches to precision ranging laser radar | NIST (2011)

The output of pulsed femtosecond lasers can be controlled to generate optical pulse trains with very precise timing and carrier frequency. In the frequency domain, these sources create a frequency comb of narrow, well-defined lines that can be used for precision optical frequency metrology. 2 This source naturally lends itself as well to precision measurements of range or velocity since there is a direct connection between time/frequency and range through the speed of light. In this paper, we will discuss several implementations of combbased ranging including a system based on phase-locked dual comb transceivers, freerunning dual-comb transceivers, and combassisted fm laser radar. We will present data from laboratory distance measurements using the two dual-comb approaches. We will also present data on the calibration of a fast swept laser using a frequency comb at rates of up to 1500 THz/sec or 12,000 nm/sec.
Fast color transfer for camouflage applications (2017)

Color transfer techniques have been widely developed to manipulate color information of image data in many applications. In this paper, color transfer research is presented for camouflage applications, along with the challenges facing many state-of-the-art color transfer methods. To address these challenges, a new fast color transfer algorithm is proposed. This new fast color transfer algorithm follows a classical color transfer framework, consisting of two parts: domain color extraction and color replacement. However, unlike other existing color transfer algorithms, this algorithm performs domain color extraction using a sampling process to reduce the dataset size of the classification process within the algorithm. Once the dataset size of the information to be classified is reduced, corresponding computational cost is largely decreased, thus improving the speed of the color transfer algorithm. Following previous domain color extraction process to collected domain color information, color replacement is conducted to change the color distribution of the target images (camouflage images) to be similar to those of the source images (operational background images). The entire algorithm is processed in a luminance-chrominance-independent (Lαβ) color model space. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Modeling of inter-modal Brillouin gain in higher-order-mode fibers (2010)

Finite element calculations of inter-modal Brillouin gain between LP(0n) modes in acoustically-inhomogeneous higher order mode (HOM) fibers are presented. When the pump beam is launched in the LP(08) mode, the LP(01) mode of the Stokes beam experiences the highest gain, approximately 6.7 dB higher than the peak LP(08)-LP(08) gain. An LP(01) Stokes beam experiences successively more Brillouin gain when pumped by higher-order LP(0n) modes.
Microcoupon Assay Of Adhesion And Growth Of Bacterial Films (1994)

Microbiological assay technique facilitates determination of some characteristics of sessile bacteria like those that attach to and coat interior walls of water-purification systems. Biofilms cause sickness and interfere with purification process. Technique enables direct measurement of rate of attachment of bacterial cells, their metabolism, and effects of chemicals on them. Used to quantify effects of both bactericides and growth-stimulating agents and in place of older standard plate-count and tube-dilution techniques.
Laser cathode ray tube with a semiconductor double-heterostructure screen (1983)

Room-temperature laser action has been achieved in a cathode ray tube (CRT) in which the target screen is a (GaAs) (GaAlAs) double-heterostructure (DH) single-crystal semiconductor. The light-beam direction is normal to the face of the tube, i.e., parallel to the pump-electron-beam direction and, hence, scannable in two dimensions. Electron-beam energy is 34 keV and threshold current is 700 µA, corresponding to a current density of about 5 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Photoinitiated Carbonylation with [<sup>11</sup>C]Carbon Monoxide Using Amines and Alkyl Iodides (2004)

Photoinitiated radical carbonylation with [(11)C]carbon monoxide at low concentration was employed in syntheses of carbonyl-(11)C-labeled amides using alkyl iodides and amines as precursors. Eleven (11)C-amides were synthesized in up to 74% decay-corrected radiochemical yields with reaction times of 400 s and with up to 95% conversion of carbon monoxide. Starting with 26.3 GBq of [(11)C]carbon monoxide, 10.6 GBq of 1-cyclohexane [(11)C]carbonyl-4-phenyl-piperazine (15) was obtained within 35 min from the end of bombardment (33 microA) and with a specific radioactivity of 192 GBq/micromol at the same time point. The influence of solvents was investigated. The described procedure extends the range of accessible labeling methods. The method may also be useful for preparation of (13)C- and (14)C-substituted compounds.
Rare Earth-doped Polymers for Optical Amplifiers (2006)

In optical polymers functioning as amplifier media, rare earth (RE) ions are introduced into the polymer as active molecular chromophores. They are designed with the RE ion encapsulated and physically buffered by an insulating, covalently bonded, organic ligand and then incorporated at high concentrations (~10% wt of RE ion). The optical properties of the RE chromophores have been studied to evaluate their viability for use in optical waveguide amplifiers. Numerical simulations based on the measured optical properties of samarium chromophore-containing polymers indicate that gains about 20 dB and greater are achievable in a relatively short polymer optical waveguide amplifier operating at 650 nm.
Synthesis of New 4-Aryl-1-(biarylmethylene)piperidines. Structural Analogs of Adoprazine (SLV313) (2012)

A series of new 4-aryl-1-(biarylmethylene)piperidines have been synthesized. They are structurally related to SLV-313, a potential atypical antipsychotic agent with potent D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist properties. Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of cyclic vinyl boronates, derived from the vinyl triflates of N-protected tetrahydropyridines, with appropriate aryl halides yielded 4-arylpiperidines. The reductive amination of the latter with suitable biarylaldehdyes accomplished the synthesis of the new compounds.
Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: current concepts in the treatment of skin cancer (2005)

Photodynamic therapy is a treatment modality that is developing rapidly and increasing in utilization within various medical specialties, including dermatology. This technique requires the presence of a photosensitizer, light energy and molecular oxygen to selectively destroy pathologic cells. A thorough understanding of photobiology and tissue optics is necessary to correctly and effectively utilize photodynamic therapy in dermatology. Photodynamic therapy has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat actinic keratoses. In Europe, photodynamic therapy is currently being used in the treatment of actinic keratoses and basal cell carcinoma. Other off-label uses of photodynamic therapy have included cutaneous lesions of Bowen's disease, psoriasis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and acne. Most recently, photodynamic therapy has been employed in photorejuvenation. The advantages of photodynamic therapy include the capacity for noninvasive targeted therapy via topical application of the drug and local irradiation of involved areas, as well as the ability to generate excellent cosmetic results with minimal discomfort. This review summarizes the fundamentals of photodynamic therapy and its role in the treatment of cutaneous disorders, particularly skin malignancies.