gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure Evolution in a Polyurea Segmented Block Copolymer Because of Mechanical Deformation (2008)

Extensional stress−strain measurements on a polyurea (PU) were carried out at strain rates up to 830 s−1, in combination with ex post facto small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements and temperature-dependent SAXS. The elastomer is of interest because of its application as an impact-resistant coating. The highest strain rates used herein fall within the softening, or transition, zone of the viscoelastic spectrum and are thus relevant to the working hypothesis that the performance of a polyurea impact coating is related to its transition to the glassy state when strained very rapidly. While quasi-static and slow deformation of the PU gives rise to irrecoverable strain and anisotropic SAXS patterns, when stretched at high rates the PU recovers completely and the scattering is isotropic. Thus, the deformation of the hard domains observed at low rates is absent at high strain rates. Linear dynamic mechanical measurements were also carried out, with the obtained segmental relaxation times in good agreement with dielectric relaxation measurements on this material. The PU exhibits the usual breakdown of time−temperature superposition in the transition zone. This thermorheological complexity underlies the fact that published time−temperature shift factors for this material are unrelated to the segmental dynamics, and therefore use of these shift factors to predict the onset of glassy dynamics during impact loading of the PU will be in error.
EUV chemically amplified resist component distribution and efficiency for stochastic defect control (2020)

In this work, we connected the analytical determination of the EUV Dill C parameter for different photodecomposable base quencher (PDB) architectures using a standard addition method, the influence of the underlying hardmask on postdevelop EUV resist residue formation, and the vertical PAG and PDB concentration profile throughout the depth of the film determined by GCIB-TOF-SIMS for a model EUV resist system. The collected experimental data was used to feed a resist patterning simulation engine, in order to understand the additive effect of component distribution and efficiency on EUV stochastics and its potential impact on defect control. Our results unveiled a link between PDB quantum yield and nanoscopic material distribution uniformity. In parallel, a differentiating behavior was observed among inorganic underlayers: metal oxide hardmasks (HMs) invariably induced more resist residue than non-metallic HMs. Last, a specific example of joint PAG and PDB concentration depletion at the resist-substrate interface was related to a potential increase in microbridge defectivity as a result of poor stochastic counts.
Applying Swarm Intelligence Algorithms for Dynamic Load Balancing to a Cloud Based Call Center (2010)

Load-Balancing is a significant problem in heterogeneous distributed systems. Nowadays we face an extreme growth of computer systems and their complexities requiring advanced intelligent solutions for load-balancing that lead to autonomic self-organizing infrastructures. There is still a need to prove that real use cases can benefit from self-* approaches. We developed a pattern, called SILBA, for such an infrastructure based on decentralized control, intelligent and exchangeable policies for load-balancing, and black-board based communication mechanisms. Different types of algorithms (both intelligent and unintelligent) were plugged into SILBA. In this paper, we present one particular use-case - a Call Center that is operated in a Cloud environment.
Production, purification, and characterization of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein expressed in PichiaPink™ yeast (2022)

The commonly used host for industrial production of recombinant proteins <i>Pichia pastoris</i>, has been used in this work to produce the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G). To allow a constitutive expression and the secretion of the expressed recombinant RABV-G, the PichiaPink™ commercialized expression vectors were modified to contain the constitutive GAP promoter and the α secretion signal sequences. Recombinant PichiaPink™ strains co-expressing the RABV-G and the protein chaperone PDI, have been then generated and screened for the best producer clone. The influence of seven carbon sources on the expression of the RABV-G, has been studied under different culture conditions in shake flask culture. An incubation temperature of 30°C under an agitation rate of 250 rpm in a filling volume of 10:1 flask/culture volume ratio were the optimal conditions for the RABV-G production in shake flask for all screened carbon sources. A bioreactor Fed batch culture has been then carried using glycerol and glucose as they were good carbon sources for cell growth and RABV-G production in shake flask scale. Cells were grown on glycerol during the batch phase then fed with glycerol or glucose defined solutions, a final RABV-G concentration of 2.7 µg/l was obtained with a specific product yield (Y<sub>P/X</sub>) of 0.032 and 0.06 µg/g(<sub>DCW)</sub> respectively. The use of semi-defined feeding solution enhanced the production and the Y<sub>P/X</sub> to 12.9 µg/l and 0.135 µg/g(<sub>DCW)</sub> respectively. However, the high cell density favored by these carbon sources resulted in oxygen limitation which influenced the glycosylation pattern of the secreted RABV-G. Alternatively, the use of sucrose as substrate for RABV-G production in large scale culture, resulted in less biomass production and a Y<sub>P/X</sub> of 0.310 µg/g<sub>(DCW)</sub> was obtained. A cation exchange chromatography was then used for RABV-G purification as one step method. The purified protein was correctly folded and glycosylated and able to adopt trimeric conformation. The knowledges gained through this work offer a valuable insight into the bioprocess design of RABV-G production in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> to obtain a correctly folded protein which can be used during an immunization proposal for subunit Rabies vaccine development.
Development of Ni-based Sulfur Resistant Catalyst for Diesel Reforming (2006)

In order for diesel fuel to be used in a solid oxide fuel cell auxiliary power unit, the diesel fuel must be reformed into hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. One of the major problems facing catalytic reforming is that the level of sulfur found in low sulfur diesel can poison most catalysts. This report shows that a proprietary low cost Ni-based reforming catalyst can be used to reform a 7 and 50 ppm sulfur containing diesel fuel for over 500 hours of operation. Coking, which appears to be route of catalyst deactivation due to metal stripping, can be controlled by catalyst modifications, introduction of turbulence, and/or by application of an electromagnetic field with a frequency from {approx}50 kHz to 13.56 MHz with field strength greater than about 100 V/cm and more preferably greater about 500 V/cm.
Secondary Structure and Membrane Topology of the Full‐Length Dengue Virus NS4B in Micelles (2016)

Abstract Dengue virus nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) is a membrane protein consisting of 248 residues with a crucial role in virus replication and interference with the host innate immunity. The dengue virus serotype 3 NS4B was reconstituted into lyso‐myristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (LMPG) micelles. Backbone resonance assignment of NS4B was obtained using conventional solution NMR experiments. Further studies suggested that NS4B contained eleven helices and six of them form five potential transmembrane regions. This study provides atomic level information for an important drug target to control flavivirus infections.
Insights on Fault Interference for Programs with Multiple Bugs (2009)

Multiple faults in a program may interact with each other in a variety of ways. A test case that fails due to a fault may not fail when another fault is added, because the second fault may mask the failure-causing effect of the first fault. Multiple faults may also collectively cause failure on a test case that does not fail due to any single fault alone. Many studies try to perform fault localization on multi-fault programs and several of them seek to match a failed test to its causative fault. It is therefore, important to better understand the interference between faults in a multi-fault program, as an improper assumption about test case failure may lead to an incorrect matching of failed test to fault, which may in turn result in poor fault localization. This paper investigates such interference and examines if one form of interference holds more often than another, and uniformly across all conditions. Empirical studies on the Siemens suite suggest that no one form of interference holds unconditionally and that observation of failure masking is a more frequent event than observation of a new test case failure.
Alterations in the Tear Proteome of Dry Eye Patients—A Matter of the Clinical Phenotype (2013)

This study demonstrates that different clinical phenotypes of dry eye are reflected by specific alterations of the tear film proteome. Especially a deficiency of the aqueous phase of the tear film seems to strongly influence the expression patterns of several proteins.
Industry Paper: The Uncertain Case of Credit Card Fraud Detection (2015)

Uncertainty is inherent in many real-time event-driven applications. Credit card fraud detection is a typical uncertain domain, where potential fraud incidents must be detected in real time and tagged before the transaction has been accepted or denied. We present extensions to the IBM Proactive Technology Online (PROTON) open source tool to cope with uncertainty. The inclusion of uncertainty aspects impacts all levels of the architecture and logic of an event processing engine. The extensions implemented in PROTON include the addition of new built-in attributes and functions, support for new types of operands, and support for event processing patterns to cope with all these. The new capabilities were implemented as building blocks and basic primitives in the complex event processing programmatic language. This enables implementation of eventdriven applications possessing uncertainty aspects from different domains in a generic manner. A first application was devised in the domain of credit card fraud detection. Our preliminary results are encouraging, showing potential benefits that stem from incorporating uncertainty aspects to the domain of credit card fraud detection.
Identification and isolation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes with an automated microraft sorting system (2016)

The simultaneous measurement of T cell function with recovery of individual T cells would greatly facilitate characterizing antigen-specific responses both in vivo and in model systems. We have developed a microraft array methodology that automatically measures the ability of individual T cells to kill a population of target cells and viably sorts specific cells into a 96-well plate for expansion. A human T cell culture was generated against the influenza M1p antigen. Individual microrafts on a 70 × 70 array were loaded with on average 1 CD8<sup>+</sup> cell from the culture and a population of M1p presenting target cells. Target cell killing, measured by fluorescence microscopy, was quantified in each microraft. The rates of target cell death among the individual CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells varied greatly; however, individual T cells maintained their rates of cytotoxicity throughout the time course of the experiment enabling rapid identification of highly cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Microrafts with highly active CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were individually transferred to wells of a 96-well plate, using a needle-release device coupled to the microscope. Three sorted T cells clonally expanded. All of these expressed high-avidity T cell receptors for M1p/HLA*02:01 tetramers, and 2 of the 3 receptors were sequenced. While this study investigated single T cell cytotoxicity rates against simple targets with subsequent cell sorting, future studies will involve measuring T cell mediated cytotoxicity in more complex cellular environments, enlarging the arrays to identify very rare antigen specific T cells, and measuring single cell CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell proliferation.
Catalytic Dechlorination of HD with a Quaternary Ammonium Phase-Transfer Catalyst (1999)

Abstract : The objective of this research was to characterize the effects of the quaternary ammonium compound, dodecyldimethyl(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (DDSAH), with respect to its effects on the dechlorination of HD. It was previously observed that this compound, as well as several other quaternary ammonium and phosphonium compounds, increased the rate of HD dechlorination. The objective of this study was to quantitate the effects of DDSAH under a variety of conditions of concentration, temperature, and pH and to determine if the effect was in fact catalytic. In general, the effects of DDSAH were relatively insensitive to pH over the range of 6.0 to 8.5, and relatively more sensitive to temperature, in that the effects on the dechlorination rate increased fairly sharply above 35 deg C. With respect to DDSAH concentration, effects varied less than three-fold over a 1000-fold concentration range between 0.01 and 10 mg/mL. The effects of HD concentration varied about three-fold between 0.5 and 5 mg/mL. Evidence for catalysis was based on the observance of a 75% dechlorination rate increase resulting from the addition of 1.5 mM DDSAH to a 16 mM HD reaction.
EFFECT OF HYDROGEN-DIESEL QUANTITY VARIATION ON BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF A DUAL FUELLED DIESEL ENGINE (2012)

In this twenty first century, the most emerging gaseous fuel is the hydrogen. This is because, it contains huge amount of energy potential and environment friendly. In this paper, experiments are performed in a compression ignition diesel engine with dual fuel mode. Diesel and hydrogen are used as pilot liquid and primary gaseous fuels, respectively. The objective of this study is to find out the specific composition of diesel and hydrogen for maximum brake thermal efficiency at five loading conditions (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of full load) individually on the basis of the maximum diesel substitution rate according to the literature. At the same time, the effects on brake specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, volumetric efficiency and exhaust gas temperature are also observed at various liquid gaseous fuel compositions for all five loadings. The experimental study is further extended to second law analysis to optimize the dual fuel engine run. It is seen that a diesel engine can be run in hydrogen-diesel dual fuel mode efficiently if the diesel to hydrogen ratio is maintained within 40% to 60%.
Processing Method and Corn Cultivar Affected Anthocyanin Concentration from Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (2015)

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments with health benefits and potential use as food colorants. The objectives of this work were to (1) determine optimum parameters for the extraction of anthocyanins from dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS), (2) develop a method of anthocyanin extraction from DDGS, (3) quantify and identify the extracted anthocyanins, and (4) determine the effect of processing methods and corn cultivars on anthocyanin concentration. DDGS samples were prepared from purple (PC) and dark (DC) corn and processed using conventional enzymes (C) and granular starch hydrolyzing enzymes (GC). Three independent variables (ethanol concentration (0, 12.5, and 25%); liquid-to-solid ratio (30:1, 40:1, 50:1 mL/g); and extraction temperature (4, 22, and 40 °C)) and two dependent variables (anthocyanin concentration and a-value (redness)) were used. Results showed that dark corn DDGS gave anthocyanin concentration higher than that of purple corn. The GC process showed total anthocyanin concentration higher than that of the conventional method of DDGS production. The maximum anthocyanin concentration was obtained at 12.5% ethanol, 40:1 liquid-to-solid ratio, and 22 °C for C-PC [321.0 ± 37.3 μg cyanidin-3 glucoside (C3G) equivalent/g DDGS]. For GC-PC, 25% ethanol, 30:1 liquid-to-solid ratio, and 22 °C gave 741.4 ± 12.8 μg C3G equivalent/g DDGS. For GC-DC, 12.5% ethanol, 40:1 liquid-to-solid ratio, and 40 °C extraction gave 1573.4 ± 84.0 μg C3G equivalent/g DDGS. LC/MS-MS analysis showed that the major anthocyanins were cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-(6″-malonyl) glucoside, and peonidin-3-(6″malonyl) glucoside. In conclusion, anthocyanin extraction from colored corn DDGS can be optimized using 12.5% ethanol, 40:1 mL/g ratio, and 22 °C.
The effect of a probiotic drink with <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> 299v on the bacterial composition in faeces and mucosal biopsies of rectum and ascending colon (2005)

After probiotic consumption, a significant increase in the faecal concentration of lactobacilli was found but concentrations were low in biopsies. The bacterial composition in biopsies of the ascending colon and rectum did not differ based on culture techniques. To further elucidate the modes of action of probiotics, it might be necessary to study differences in colonization with molecular techniques.
Therapeutic monitoring of immunosuppressant drugs. Where are we? (2004)

The emergence of specific immunosuppressive drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus) during the last two decades has contributed dramatically to the success of organ transplantation. However, optimum balance between therapeutic efficacy and the occurrence of side effects has been a real challenge for physicians, mainly due to inter- and intra-patient variability arising from pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenetic and pharmacodynamic individual properties. Therapeutic drug monitoring, defined as the measurement and interpretation of concentrations of these drugs in biological fluids, with as a final objective the prediction of organ responses, became an integral part of transplant protocols. New analytical techniques became available with different performances in terms of specificity and sensitivity. In addition, there has been progress in understanding the mechanisms of action of these drugs that have implications for the development of better monitoring strategies and for their coprescription. The purpose of this review is to examine the current strategies in use for the therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressant drugs and to discuss some of the factors that impinge on the monitoring of these drugs.
Improved modelling of the magnetic resonance signal in the presence of shallow aquifers (2005)

ABSTRACT This paper aims to investigate the magnetic resonance signal generated by shallow aquifers and its influence on the interpretation of magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) data. To improve the accuracy of MRS modelling in the presence of shallow aquifers, an enhanced mathematical model, which takes into account the higher harmonics of the transmitted pulse and a non‐zero frequency offset between the Larmor frequency and the pulse frequency, is used. It is shown that in the presence of shallow aquifers, the magnetic resonance signal is complex even when the subsurface has a low electrical conductivity. At large pulse moments, water in shallow aquifers may generate a signal comparable in amplitude to a signal generated by water in deeper aquifers. Two types of error related to a shallow aquifer may occur. For a one‐aquifer system, interpretation using the simplified model may reveal an artefact that appears to be a deeper aquifer, although in reality it is non‐existent (a phantom aquifer). For a multi‐aquifer system, the signal from a shallow aquifer may offset the signal from a deeper aquifer, thus reducing the depth of investigation in comparison with a simple one‐aquifer formation (offset of a deep aquifer). It is shown numerically that the depth resolution of the MRS method could be significantly improved by considering not only the amplitude but also the phase of the MRS signal. However, taking into account the non‐linearity of the spin system for a large flip angle, the mathematical model for the inversion of complex signals needs to be further improved or at least checked for consistency before inversion. For verification of the numerical results, a re‐interpretation of MRS field data reported in the literature is presented.
Manipulating the ABCs of self-assembly via low-χ block polymer design (2017)

Block polymer self-assembly typically translates molecular chain connectivity into mesoscale structure by exploiting incompatible blocks with large interaction parameters (χ<sub>ij</sub>). In this article, we demonstrate that the converse approach, encoding low-χ interactions in ABC bottlebrush triblock terpolymers (χ<sub>AC</sub> [Formula: see text] 0), promotes organization into a unique mixed-domain lamellar morphology, which we designate LAM<sub>P</sub> Transmission electron microscopy indicates that LAM<sub>P</sub> exhibits ACBC domain connectivity, in contrast to conventional three-domain lamellae (LAM<sub>3</sub>) with ABCB periods. Complementary small-angle X-ray scattering experiments reveal a strongly decreasing domain spacing with increasing total molar mass. Self-consistent field theory reinforces these observations and predicts that LAM<sub>P</sub> is thermodynamically stable below a critical χ<sub>AC</sub>, above which LAM<sub>3</sub> emerges. Both experiments and theory expose close analogies to ABA' triblock copolymer phase behavior, collectively suggesting that low-χ interactions between chemically similar or distinct blocks intimately influence self-assembly. These conclusions provide fresh opportunities for block polymer design with potential consequences spanning all self-assembling soft materials.
Design and improvement layout of a production floor using automated layout design program (ALDEP) and CRAFT algorithm at CV. Aji Jaya Mandiri (2019)

Abstract Different computerized algorithms are used to assist the layout planner in generating alternate layout. CRAFT (Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique) has been developed to improve an existing layout, while ALDEP (Automated Layout Design Program) is a construction layout. The improvement given by ALDEP over CRAFT technique was found to reduce annual material handling cost by 23% [1]. This study hypothesize that better result could be gained by combined two algorithms rather than their independent application. The hypothesis is verified by taking layout problems of CV Aji Jaya Mandiri. The objective of the study is to get the optimal layout of CV Aji Jaya Mandiri using ALDEP and followed by improving it with CRAFT. ALDEP based on the value of proximity (total closeness rating). The layout resulted from ALDEP is improved by exchanging machines positions. The newly layout obtained by ALDEP is compared with the result layout improved by CRAFT. There are two criteria for comparing the layout: material handling cost taken from MHES (material handling evaluation sheet), and the manufacturing lead time or processing time using Promodel simulation. The material handling cost of the layout resulted by CRAFT was decreased by 6,24%, that is mean that CRAFT was improved the layout effectively. The result of simulation showed the manufacturing lead time of the improved layout decreased 23 minutes. Layout evaluation using Adjacency Based Scoring for the CRAFT layout increase 15% compare with the initial layout so it was selected as the best layout. This study concluded that combined use of computerized layout design algorithms provides better result,