gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screen-printed passive matrix displays and multicolor devices (2002)

Due to their outstanding properties organic light-emitting displays based on conjugated polymers are on the verge of commercialization. Two major disadvantages of the current processing technique for polymers, spin-coating of polymer solutions, are the material waste and the difficulties involved in patterning the polymers. Therefore we investigate the screen-printing for the production of polymer displays. Here we present performance data of screen-printed light-emitting diodes of different colors. In the production process of these diodes we printed two layers successively one over the other. Furthermore, we show images of printed multichrome demonstrators and passive matrix displays. Our data indicate that the screen-printing technique has the potential to replace the classical spin-coat process. We observe luminance of 10,000 cd/m<SUP>2</SUP> at 8 V and peak efficiencies exceeding 10 cd/A for green diodes and half lifetime of 170 hours at 80 degree(s)C and 100 cd/m<SUP>2</SUP> for red diodes which corresponds to about 7,000 hours at room temperature. These values of printed devices are comparable to those of spin-coated ones.
Accelerating fully phase‐encoded MRI near metal using multiband radiofrequency excitation (2016)

FPE imaging with multiband excitation is feasible in the presence of extreme off-resonance. This approach can reduce scan time and/or increase off-resonance coverage, enabling in vivo FPE imaging near metallic prostheses over a broad off-resonance spectrum. Magn Reson Med 77:1223-1230, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus (2019)

Vaccination remains the most effective approach for preventing and controlling equine influenza virus (EIV) in horses. However, the ongoing evolution of EIV has increased the genetic and antigenic differences between currently available vaccines and circulating strains, resulting in suboptimal vaccine efficacy. As recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the inclusion of representative strains from clade 1 and clade 2 Florida sublineages of EIV in vaccines may maximize the protection against presently circulating viral strains. In this study, we used reverse genetics technologies to generate a bivalent EIV live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). We combined our previously described clade 1 EIV LAIV A/equine/Ohio/2003 H3N8 (Ohio/03 LAIV) with a newly generated clade 2 EIV LAIV that contains the six internal genes of Ohio/03 LAIV and the HA and NA of A/equine/Richmond/1/2007 H3N8 (Rich/07 LAIV). The safety profile, immunogenicity, and protection efficacy of this bivalent EIV LAIV was tested in the natural host, horses. Vaccination of horses with the bivalent EIV LAIV, following a prime-boost regimen, was safe and able to confer protection against challenge with clade 1 (A/equine/Kentucky/2014 H3N8) and clade 2 (A/equine/Richmond/2007) wild-type (WT) EIVs, as evidenced by a reduction of clinical signs, fever, and virus excretion. This is the first description of a bivalent LAIV for the prevention of EIV in horses that follows OIE recommendations. In addition, since our bivalent EIV LAIV is based on the use of reverse genetics approaches, our results demonstrate the feasibility of using the backbone of clade 1 Ohio/03 LAIV as a master donor virus (MDV) for the production and rapid update of LAIVs for the control and protection against other EIV strains of epidemiological relevance to horses.
A high‐throughput assay for screening modifiers of calcium oxalate crystallization (2016)

Controlling crystal habit using growth modifiers provides novel avenues for tailoring properties of crystalline materials. Here, we report on the design of a high‐throughput screening assay for rapid identification of growth modifiers using calcium oxalate monohydrate crystallization as a model system. We conducted a systematic study of assay parameters (sample volume, shaking, and temperature) on crystallization kinetics. Crystallization half‐time (t 1/2 ), defined as the time at which crystallization is 50% complete, was obtained from the logistic fit of kinetic data and used as a measure of growth modifier potency. A test library of 13 peptides composed of aspartic acid and alanine residues was screened to determine their growth promotion or inhibition potentials. Leads identified from this study are in good agreement with ion‐selective electrode measurements and a single time point measurement of free calcium ion concentration is an excellent end‐point for evaluating modifier potency. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 62: 3538–3546, 2016
Preparation and characterization of a complex microencapsulated diet for striped bass<i>Morone saxatilis</i>larvae (1996)

The nutritional requirements of marine fish larvae are not well understood, primarily due to the lack of biochemically defined diets acceptable by the larvae. This study describes the methodology for the preparation and the characterization of a complex protein-walled microcapsule (CPWC) containing lipid-walled capsules (LWC). The CPWC were prepared by atomizing a mixture of casein, LWC and other dietary materials into a cyclohexane solution containing 1% (v/v) cross-linking reagent, adipoyl chloride. The primary purpose of complex microencapsulation was to allow the gradual release of low molecular weight phagostimulants and nutrients from the cross-linked protein wall. To determine the release kinetics of low molecular weight compounds from the complex diet, a solution of the amino acid, lysine, was encapsulated in LWC and its leaching rate from CPWC was assessed. A batch of conventional protein-walled capsules (PWC) were also prepared by mixing lysine with casein. The release of lysine from CPWC was significantly lower than that measured from conventional PWC (p < 0.05). Nearly 45% of the total lysine leached out of freeze-dried PWC within 5 min of hydration, reaching 100% after 2 h. CPWC, on the other hand, efficiently retained encapsulated lysine, releasing only 25% after 2 h. In-vitro experiments indicated that CPWC were readily digested by the crude enzyme extract from striped bass larvae and purified porcine pepsin and trypsin.
Technology of high-birefringent photonic crystal fibers for sensing applications (2006)

Paper described fabrication methods of high birefringence index guided holey fibers made from silica and high silica glasses. Several kinds of high birefingence holey fibers are described in the point of view their fabrication technology and basic characterization. There are; triple defect fiber with shape induced birefringence, two kinds of fibers with filling factor asymmetry induced birefringence, fibers with filling factor asymmetry induced birefringence and germanium doped core designed for Bragg gratings writing, fiber with filling factor asymmetry induced birefringence and neodymium doped core designed for fiber amplifiers and lasers, dual core fiber with circular and weakly separated cores.\nMethods of manufacturing we used were: MCVD method for silica and high silica glass preparation as optical fiber preform manufacturing and OVD method for porous silica glass fabrication including additional processes as hydroxylation, impregnation with suitable salts solutions, thermal decomposition, dehydroxylation and sintering lead to silica, high silica and rare earth doped glass preparation in the form of elements for microstructured fiber preforms compose.
All-optical logic AND in a SOA-based Mach-Zehnder all-optical wavelength converter (2002)

All-optical logic AND at 20 Gbit/s was demonstrated using an all-optical SOA-based Mach-Zehnder interferometric wavelength converter, by injecting a pulse data stream into probe signal input instead of continuous wave. It is expected that the AOWC can be utilized for full functionality of Boolean logic due to the nonlinear optical properties.
Pixie dust (2014)

In this study, we demonstrate real-world-oriented computer graphics by using and expanding 3D acoustic manipulation [Ochiai et al. 2014]. An acoustic potential field (APF) is generated and controlled in order to levitate and manipulate small objects (Fig. 2 (a)). Compared to magnetic levitation, air jets, and other noncontact levitation technologies, our technology has the following advantages: a wide variety of materials are available; it provides a satisfactory refresh rate; and it has a sufficient spatial resolution. It would contributes to the computer graphics community by making the levitated objects usable in graphic metaphors such as the pixels of raster graphics, moving points of vector graphics, and animation (Fig. 1). We believe that it will open a new field of computer graphics if fabricated models can be actuated by APF.
Signal representations for hidden Markov model based online handwriting recognition (2002)

Addresses the problem of online, writer-independent, unconstrained handwriting recognition. Based on hidden Markov models (HMM), which are successfully employed in speech recognition tasks, we focus on representations which address scalability, recognition performance and compactness. 'Delayed' features are introduced which integrate more global, handwriting specific knowledge into the HMM representation. These features lead to larger error-rate reduction than 'delta' features which are known from speech recognition and even require fewer additional components. Scalability is addressed with a size-independent representation. Compactness is achieved with linear discriminant analysis. The representations are discussed and the results for a mixed-style word recognition task with vocabularies of 200 (up to 99% correct words) and 20000 words (up to 88.8% correct words) are given.
Annotating 3D electronic books (2005)

The importance of annotations, as a by-product of the reading activity, cannot be overstated. Annotations help users in the process of analyzing, re-reading, and recalling detailed facts such as prior analyses and relations to other works. As elec-tronic reading become pervasive, digital annotations will become part of the essential records of the reading activity. But creating and rendering annotations on a 3D book and other objects in a 3D workspace is non-trivial. In this paper, we present our exploration of how to use 3D graphics techniques to create realistic annotations with acceptable frame rates. We discuss the pros and cons of several techniques and detail our hybrid solution.
Simultaneous multiple surface optical design method in three dimensions (2004)

The simultaneous multiple surface (SMS) method in 3-D geometry is presented. Given two orthotomic input ray bundles and another two orthotomic output ray bundles, the method provides an optical system with two free-form surfaces that deflects the rays of the input bundles into the rays of the corresponding output bundles and vice versa. In nonimaging applications, the method enables controlling the light emitted by an extended light source much better than single free-form-surface designs, and also enables the optics contour to be shaped without efficiency losses. The method is also expected to find applications in imaging optics.
LOW-COST AUTOMATED FIBER PIGTAILING MACHINE (1996)

At present, the high cost of optoelectronic (OE) devices is caused in part by the laborintensive processes involved with packaging. Automating the packaging processes should result in a significant cost reduction. One of the most labor-intensive steps is aligning and attaching the fiber to the OE device, the so-called pigtailing process. The goad of this 2-year ARPA-funded project is to design and build 3 low-cost machines to perform sub-micron alignments and attachments of single-mode fibers to different OE devices. These Automated Fiber Pigtailing Machines (AFPMs) are intended to be compatible with a manufacturing environment and have a modular design for standardization of parts and machine vision for maximum flexibility. This work is a collaboration among Uniphase Telecommunications Products (formerly United Technologies Photonics, UTP), Ortel, Newport/Klinger, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Manufacturing Institute (MIT), and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). UTP and Ortel are the industrial partners for whom two of the AFPMs are being built. MIT and LLNL make up the design and assembly team of the project, while Newport/Klinger is a potential manufacturer of the AFPM and provides guidance to ensure that the design of the AFPM is marketable and compatible with a manufacturing environment. The AFPM for UTP will pigtail LiNbO3 waveguide devices and the AFPM for Ortel will pigtail photodiodes. Both of these machines will contain proprietary information, so the third AFPM, to reside at LLNL, will pigtail a non-proprietary waveguide device for demonstrations to US industry.
A sigma-delta modulator with bitstream-controlled dynamic element matching (2004)

When dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques are applied to generate a precision reference for a (single-bit) sigma-delta modulator, intermodulation occurs between the DEM residuals and the bitstream, which increases the in-band quantization noise. This can be prevented by deriving the sequence of DEM steps from the bitstream. This technique has been implemented in a second-order sigma-delta modulator with a dynamic bandgap voltage reference, which was realized in a 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Measurements show complete elimination of intermodulation products in the signal band, corresponding to an 8 dB reduction in quantization noise compared to conventional cyclic DEM.
Adaptive source routing in multistage interconnection networks (2002)

We describe the adaptive source routing (ASR) method which is a first attempt to combine adaptive routing and source routing methods. In ASR, the adaptivity of each packet is determined at the source processor. Every packet can be routed in a fully adaptive or partially adaptive or non-adaptive manner, all within the same network at the same time. We evaluate and compare performance of the proposed adaptive source routing networks and oblivious routing networks by simulations. We also describe a route generation algorithm that determines maximally adaptive routes in multistage networks.
Atmospheric Transmittance/Radiance: Computer Code LOWTRAN 6. Supplement: Program Listings (1983)

Abstract : This supplement lists the LOWTRAN 6 computer code for predicting atmospheric transmittance and the thermal radiation emitted by the atmosphere and earth from 350 to 40,000 per cm at a spectral resolution of 20 per cm. The program is based on the LOWTRAN 5 (1980) computer code. Solar/lunar scattered radiation has ben added to the code, as well as a new spherical refractive geometry subroutine and an improved water vapor continuum model. Other modifications to the code include a wind-dependent maritime aerosol model, a vertical structure aerosol model, a cirrus cloud model, and a rain model. The computer code contains representative (geographical and seasonal) atmospheric models and representative aerosol models with an option to replace them with user-derived or measured values. The program can be run in one of three modes, namely, to compute only atmospheric transmittance, to compute atmospheric transmittance and radiance, or to compute atmospheric transmittance, atmospheric radiance, and scattered solar/lunar background radiance for a given slant path geometry. Two new programs now available with the LOWTRAN 6 package, the plot program and the filter function program, are listed in this supplement.
Effect of atmosphere on collinear double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2010)

Double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS) has been shown to enhance LIBS spectra. Several researches have reported significant increases in signal-to-noise and or spectral intensity [1-4]. In addition to DP-LIBS, atmospheric conditions can also increase spectra intensity. For example, Iida [5] found that He and Ar both increase LIBS intensity compared to air at one 1 atm. It was also found that as the pressure was decreased to 100 Torr, LIBS intensity increased in Ar and air for single pulse (SP) LIBS. In this study, a collinear DP-LIBS scheme is used along with manipulation of the atmospheric conditions. The DP-LIBS scheme consists of a 355 nm ablative pulse fired into a sample contained in a vacuum chamber. A second analytical 1064 nm pulse is then fired 100 ns to 10 µs after and along the same path of the first pulse. Ar, He and air at pressures ranging from atmospheric pressure (630 Torr at elevation) to 10-5 Torr are introduced during DP-LIBS and SP-LIBS experiments. For a brass sample, a significant increase in spectral intensity of Cu and Zn lines were observed in DP-LIBS under Ar compared to DP-LIBS in air (Figure 1). It was also found that Cu and Zn lines acquired with SP-LIBS in Ar are nearly as intense as DP-LIBS in air. Signal-to-noise for lines from various samples will be reported for both DP-LIBS and SP-LIBS in Ar, He, and air at pressures ranging from 630 Torr to 10-5 Torr.
Direct Digital Modulation and RFDAC for Generation of Frequency Ramps in FMCW Radar (2019)

The frequency chirps applied in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars are typically generated using a PLL imposing trade-offs between noise and modulation accuracy. We are removing this compromise by employing a fixed frequency PLL, direct digital chirps generation and up-conversion to RF using an RFDAC. With a simplified PLL requirement and better exploitation of nm-scale CMOS digital performance, we achieve lower noise, less chip area, and frequency error, and remove the issues with frequency ramp non-linearities in conventional FMCW architectures.
Synthesis of Novel Tadalafil Analogues and their Evaluation as Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents (2011)

Two closely related series of novel beta-carboline derivatives, electronically similar to tadalafil (CAS 171596-29-5), were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effects upon phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) and their in vitro tumor cell growth inhibitory activity versus HT29 colorectal carcinoma cell line. Interestingly, some of the synthesized compounds showed growth inhibitory properties that appear to be associated with their ability to inhibit PDE5. Moreover, the PDE5 inhibition seems relevant to the stereochemical aspects of the compounds.
Integrated 3D printing and corona poling process of PVDF piezoelectric films for pressure sensor application (2017)

This paper presents a novel process to fabricate piezoelectric films from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer using integrated fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and corona poling technique. Corona poling is one of many effective poling processes that has received attention to activate PVDF as a piezoelectric responsive material. The corona poling process occurs when a PVDF polymer is exposed to a high electric field created and controlled through an electrically charged needle and a grid electrode under heating environment. FDM 3D printing has seen extensive progress in fabricating thermoplastic materials and structures, including PVDF. However, post processing techniques such as poling is needed to align the dipoles in order to gain piezoelectric properties. To further simplify the piezoelectric sensors and structures fabrication process, this paper proposes an integrated 3D printing process with corona poling to fabricate piezoelectric PVDF sensors without post poling process. This proposed process, named 'Integrated 3D Printing and Corona poling process' (IPC), uses the 3D printer's nozzle and heating bed as anode and cathode, respectively, to create poling electric fields in a controlled heating environment. The nozzle travels along the programmed path with fixed distance between nozzle tip and sample's top surface. Simultaneously, the electric field between the nozzle and bottom heating pad promotes the alignment of dipole moment of PVDF molecular chains. The crystalline phase transformation and output current generated by printed samples under different electric fields in this process were characterized by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and through fatigue load frame. It is demonstrated that piezoelectric PVDF films with enhanced β-phase percentage can be fabricated using the IPC process. In addition, mechanical properties of printed PVDF was investigated by tensile testing. It is expected to expand the use of additive manufacturing to fabricate piezoelectric PVDF-based devices for applications such as sensing and energy harvesting.
A simple and rapid flow cytometry-based assay to identify a competent embryo prior to embryo transfer (2017)

Multiple pregnancy is a risk for prematurity and preterm birth. The goal of assisted reproduction is to achieve a single pregnancy, by transferring a single embryo. This requires improved methods to identify the competent embryo. Here, we describe such a test, based on flow cytometric determination of the nucleic acid (PI+) containing extracellular vesicle (EV) count in day 5 embryo culture media. 88 women undergoing IVF were included in the study. More than 1 embryos were transferred to most patients. In 58 women, the transfer resulted in clinical pregnancy, whereas in 30 women in implantation failure. In 112 culture media of embryos from the "clinical pregnancy" group, the number of PI+ EVs was significantly lower than in those of 49 embryos, from the "implantation failure" group. In 14 women, transfer of a single embryo resulted in a singleton pregnancy, or, transfer of two embryos in twin pregnancy. The culture media of 19 out of the 20 "confirmed competent" embryos contained a lower level of PI+ EVs than the cut off level, suggesting that the competent embryo can indeed be identified by low PI+ EV counts. We developed a noninvasive, simple, inexpensive, quick test, which identifies the embryos that are most likely to implant.