gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient Supermarket CO2 Compressor Pack with Ejectors (2017)

In this thesis, the background of re-implementation of CO2 and the description of refrigeration cycles with R744 compressor and ejector are introduced at first. The following is a case study performed to set up the R744 compressor pack model and library. Relevant pre-simulations were also conducted as an overview study. The simulation work for COP analysis was conducted on a system with an ejector and MT, PAR and LT compressors. It is performed with the necessary data from compressor load operation calculation and efficiency test, which are integrated separately before the simulation work. The operation strategy for the system with 4 parallel compressors applied and the reference system with only 2 compressors applied are specified. The COP of each side and the energy consumption of the two strategies are then compared at last.\n\nFor load calculation, a simple case study and a real case are analyzed respectively to show how to cover different loads of air conditioning and cooling at medium temperature cabinets with 4 compressors and 2 converters. Also indicated are the load gaps, where the capacity of compressors cannot fully meet the demands. The result provides a design logic and strategy of compressor operation for the simulation work. \n\nFor the efficiency test, correlations of oil circulation rate, volumetric efficiency, and overall efficiency with different compressor suction and discharge pressure, and revolutions are made from the experiment result for the SINTEF 6-cylinder compressor. The results are compared with the previous tested efficiency value and two commensurate compressor products used in the pre-simulation for the case study. A correlation between efficiency and frequency is also made to modify the overall efficiency of the compressors selected in simulation work.\n\nAt last the operation strategy of the original compressor pack model and the reference model are specified. The daily cooling load in an hourly time scale is assumed and power consumption of each side for both strategies are presented. The two strategies are then compared in terms of COP on each side, energy consumption on each side and total energy consumption of the two strategy during a typical day. The reference strategy saves around 13.1% of energy compared to the original strategy. Some limitations of the model are shown in the end.
Chemoimmunotherapy reinduction with epratuzumab in children with ALL with marrow relapse: A Children's Oncology Group (COG) pilot study (ADVL04P2) (2007)

9513 Background: CD22, a 135kd protein restricted to B-cells, is expressed in > 90% of childhood B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We conducted a feasibility/phase 2 study of epratuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD22, with reinduction chemotherapy in children with relapsed CD22+ ALL. Methods: The feasibility portion (n=12) of the study is reported here. Patients with first or later ALL marrow relapse at any time following diagnosis, ± extramedullary disease, with = 25% blasts expressing CD22 and a presenting white blood cell count (WBC) of = 50,000/μl, were eligible. Therapy consisted of a 14-day single agent phase (epratuzumab 360 mg/m 2 /dose IV twice weekly × 4 doses), followed by 4 weekly doses of epratuzumab in combination with standard reinduction chemotherapy (vincristine, prednisone, PEG-asparaginase, doxorubicin). Remission induction rates and minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry were determined at the end of this 6-week period. PK studies were performed by ELISA based immunoassay (prior + 30 minutes after infusions). Results: 12 evaluable patients, median age 10 years (range 3 - 18), were accrued. 9 pts were in 1st (n=5 early; n=4 late), and 3 pts in 2nd or later marrow relapse. The mean (±SD) trough epratuzumab concentration increased from 69±23 to 232±74 μg/ml during the initial 14 days. Surface CD22 was not detected by flow cytometry on peripheral blood leukemic blasts within 24 hours of drug administration in all but one patient, indicating effective targeting of leukemic cells by epratuzumab. The most frequent toxicities were grade 1–2 infusion reactions (n=9). Two dose limiting toxicities occurred: one patient had a Grade 4 seizure of unclear etiology and one patient had asymptomatic Grade 3 ALT elevation. 9 patients achieved a complete remission following chemoimmunotherapy, of whom 7 were MRD-negative. Conclusions: Treatment with epratuzumab plus standard reinduction chemotherapy is feasible and well tolerated in children with relapsed ALL, producing favorable early responses in the majority of patients. The phase II portion of the study is ongoing. [Table: see text]
Using household travel surveys to estimate road network performance (1998)

Rather than using conventional trip generation, distribution and modal split models, this paper proposes that household travel surveys can be directly used to model the effects of travel demand on a road network. The culmination of this work is a working software tool, RoadLink, that implements a variety of path-finding, artificial intelligence and equilibration techniques to translate the survey information into network flows, travel times, and routes. The results of the RoadLink model are compared with existing traffic counts and survey data and found to be promising predictors of demand on road networks. (a)
A Speech Modification Method by Signal Reconstruction Using Short‐Term Fourier Transform (1990)

Abstract The short‐term Fourier transform analysis‐synthesis technique is promising as a means to obtain high‐quality synthetic speech, since the original speech can be reconstructed from the parameters of analysis. This paper proposes a speech modification method using this synthesis system, especially the pitch frequency modification. Among various methods of the short‐term Fourier spectrum synthesis, the proposed method employs the minimization of squared error between the spectrum of the reconstructed speech and that of the target speech. The proposed method features the following two points: [1] In the pitch frequency modification, only the parameters exclusively related to the pitch frequency are modified; [2] the phase spectrum is not manipulated directly but is estimated by the speech reconstruction algorithm. As a result of evaluation of the proposed method by a hearing test, it was verified that a high‐quality modified speech is obtained for both the uniform pitch modification over the whole word and the nonuniform pitch modification to change the accent position of the word.
High glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition contributes to the upregulation of fibrogenic factors in retinal pigment epithelial cells (2016)

It has been reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mediates multiple physiological and pathological processes. However, the occurrence and the pathogenic role of high glucose-induced EMT in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of high glucose on EMT in RPE cells. Cultured RPE cells were exposed to 25 mM D-glucose. A vector encoding the Snail gene and siRNA targeting Snail (Snail siRNA) were transfected into the cells to induce the overexpression or silencing of Snail, respectively. AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors were used to block the activation of AKT and ERK, respectively. The levels of EMT markers, fibrogenic factors, phosphorylated ERK and phosphorylated AKT were determined by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assay. Our results revealed that high glucose elevated the expression of the key EMT transcriptional factor, Snail, and that of other mesenchymal makers, and promoted cell migration. Moreover, the overexpression of Snail elevated the levels of fibronectin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), whereas the silencing of Snail decreased the expression of fibronectin and CTGF induced by high glucose in the cells. Mechanistically, the AKT inhibitor (AKT inhibitor IV) and ERK inhibitor (U0126) significantly decreased the expression of Snail, as well as the levels of fibronectin and CTGF which were induced by high glucose. On the whole, and to the best of our knowedge, the present study is the first to demonstrate the upregulation of mesenchymal markers in RPE cells induced by high glucose, and suggest that mesenchymal transition may be involved in the pathological processes of retinal diseases.
UV-B/A irradiation of mouse keratinocytes results in p53-mediated WAF1/CIP1 expression. (1995)

The tumor suppressor gene p53 is involved in controlling cell cycle checkpoint or triggering apoptosis. p53 may accomplish these roles by acting as a sequence-specific transcription factor. One of the downstream targets of p53 transcription control is the WAF1/CIP1 gene, whose gene product p21 interacts with several cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, resulting in inhibition of these kinases. In our previous studies, we have shown that the p53 protein level in mouse keratinocytes was elevated following UV-B/A irradiation. In this paper we further investigated the consequences of increased p53 protein level by characterizing p53 DNA-binding level and WAF1/CIP1 gene expression in UV-B/A-irradiated mouse keratinocytes. Consistent with the increased level of p53 protein, both p53 DNA-binding level and steady-state level of WAF1/CIP1 mRNA were elevated. We have demonstrated that the induction of WAF1/CIP1 mRNA was mediated by p53, since no WAF1/CIP1 induction was observed in p53-deficient cells upon UV-B exposure. These observations suggest an important role for the tumor suppressor gene p53 in the response of keratinocytes to the biologically relevant UV-B/A irradiation and in suppressing UV-induced skin cancer.
The Impact of Image Reconstruction Bias on PET/CT <sup>90</sup>Y Dosimetry After Radioembolization (2015)

TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the paper entitled “The Impact of Image Reconstruction Bias on PET/CT 90Y Dosimetry After Radioembolization” ([1][1]). In this paper, Tapp et al. showed that commercial software that truncates the negative pixels (resulting from random-coincidence
Functionalized nanoparticles for liquid atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization peptide analysis (2004)

Nanoparticles for the extraction of peptides and subsequent analysis using atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (APMALDI) have been evaluated. The atmospheric pressure source allows for particles to be directly introduced in the liquid matrix, minimizing sample loss and analysis time. Described in this work are two sample preparation procedures for liquid APMALDI analysis: a C18 functionalized silica nanoparticle for hydrophobic extractions, and an aptamer functionalized magnetite core nanoparticle for rapid, affinity extractions. The C18 particles provide a non-selective support for rapid profiling applications, while the aptamer particles are directed towards reducing the complexity in biological samples. The aptamer functionalized particles provide a more selective analyte-nanoparticle interaction whereby the tertiary structure of the analyte becomes more critical to the extraction. In both cases, the liquid APMALDI matrix provides a support for ionization, and acts as the releasing agent for the analyte-particle interaction. Additionally, analyte enrichment was possible due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of the particles. The experiments conducted with functionalized nanoparticles, in an atmospheric pressure liquid matrix, present a basis for further methodologies and utilities of silica nanoparticles to be developed.
Respiratory pathways and fat synthesis in the developing castor oil seed (1979)

During castor oil seed development, changes occur in the activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathways. The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase per seed increase during the phase of rapid oil synthesis in the endosperm. As the seed matures and the rate of fatty acid synthesis decreases, there is a corresponding diminution in the activities of these enzymes. An indication of the metabolic capacity of the plastids was determined by monitoring the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in the endosperm.
Textons, contours and regions: cue integration in image segmentation (1999)

The paper makes two contributions: it provides (1) an operational definition of textons, the putative elementary units of texture perception, and (2) an algorithm for partitioning the image into disjoint regions of coherent brightness and texture, where boundaries of regions are defined by peaks in contour orientation energy and differences in texton densities across the contour. B. Julesz (1981) introduced the term texton, analogous to a phoneme in speech recognition, but did not provide an operational definition for gray-level images. We re-invent textons as frequently co-occurring combinations of oriented linear filter outputs. These can be learned using a K-means approach. By mapping each pixel to its nearest texton, the image can be analyzed into texton channels, each of which is a point set where discrete techniques such as Voronoi diagrams become applicable. Local histograms of texton frequencies can be used with a /spl chi//sup 2/ test for significant differences to find texture boundaries. Natural images contain both textured and untextured regions, so we combine this cue with that of the presence of peaks of contour energy derived from outputs of odd- and even-symmetric oriented Gaussian derivative filters. Each of these cues has a domain of applicability, so to facilitate cue combination we introduce a gating operator based on a statistical test for isotropy of Delaunay neighbors. Having obtained a local measure of how likely two nearby pixels are to belong to the same region, we use the spectral graph theoretic framework of normalized cuts to find partitions of the image into regions of coherent texture and brightness. Experimental results on a wide range of images are shown.
Reliability of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2009)

Abstract In this article, we review current understanding of the reliability of organic field‐effect transistors, with a particular focus on degradation of device characteristics under bias stress conditions. We discuss the various factors that have been found to influence the operational stability of different material systems, including dependence on stress voltage and duty cycle, gate dielectric, environmental conditions, light exposure, and contact resistance. A key question concerns the role of extrinsic factors, such as oxidation or presence of moisture, and that of intrinsic factors, such as the inherent structural and electronic disorder that is present in thin organic semiconductor films. We also review current understanding of the microscopic defects that could play a role in charge trapping in organic semiconductors.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-B expression in postischemic rat brain (2013)

These findings provide additional evidence for a role of VEGF-B in the endogenous response to cerebral ischemia.
Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationships of Ruthenium Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis (2006)

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model is presented in which both the independent and dependent (response) variables are derived from density functional theory (DFT) calculations on a large set of 14-electron complexes, LCl(2)Ru=CH(2), with different dative ligands, L. The multivariate model thus correlates the properties of the 14-electron complexes with a calculated measure of activity, with modest computational cost, and reproduces the experimental order of activity for the Grubbs ruthenium catalysts for olefin metathesis. The accuracy and applicability of the model is to a large extent due to the use of highly specific geometric and electronic molecular descriptors which establish a direct connection between activity and chemically meaningful donor ligand properties. The ligands that most efficiently promote catalytic activity are those that stabilize the high-oxidation state (+4) metallacyclobutane intermediate relative to the ruthenium-carbene structures dominating the rest of the reaction pathway. Stabilization of the intermediate is ensured, among others, through ligand-to-metal sigma donation, whereas metal-to-ligand pi back-donation destabilizes the intermediate and lowers catalytic activity. A bulky dative ligand drives the reaction toward the less sterically congested metallacyclobutane species and thus contributes to catalytic activity. The multivariate model and the high-level descriptors furthermore provide practical handles for catalyst development as exemplified by the suggestion of several new donor ligands predicted to give more active and functional group tolerant ruthenium-based catalysts. The present strategy holds great promise for broader screenings of olefin metathesis catalysts as well as for development of homogeneous transition metal catalysts in general.
The ionic liquid [EMIM]OAc as a solvent to fabricate stable polybenzimidazole membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration (2013)

We have provided two feasible methods to prepare stable organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes by chemically cross-linking the polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes fabricated from environmentally benign ionic liquids for the first time. A glutaraldehyde (GA)–water solution and a 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane (DEO)–n-heptane solution were employed to cross-link PBI membranes. The effects of these cross-linking agents on membrane stability and separation performance toward various solvents, including polar aprotic solvents, have been carefully examined. The GA cross-linking method, with little consumption of traditional organic solvents and energy, yielded a PBI membrane with a high and steady ethanol flux [3.69 L (m2 bar h)−1] and ethyl acetate flux [5.21 L (m2 bar h)−1]. Although PBI membranes cross-linked by DEO showed lower ethanol and ethyl acetate fluxes, they displayed impressive stability in aggressive solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Overall, PBI membranes cross-linked by both agents exhibited reasonable rejections which varied slightly from solvent to solvent due to different solute–solvent–membrane interactions. This study not only offers a new range of membrane materials and fabrication approaches for OSN, but will also enhance membrane-based green technology for the recovery of organic solvents.
Randomized Dynamic Mode Decomposition for Oscillation Modal Analysis (2020)

The objective of this research is to identify oscillation modes from real-world measurement data captured by phasor measurement units (PMUs) and make distinction of their characteristics. To this end, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is applied. This paper improves DMD performance by data stacking. This enables DMD to accurately identify system eigenvalues and reconstruct signals in the time-evolving format. While data stacking raises the computation cost, we further implement a randomization technique for DMD to radically reduce the size of the data matrix. The randomized DMD (rDMD) is shown to achieve both efficiency in computing and accuracy in mode identification. PMU data from three real-world oscillation events are used for demonstration.
The Diagnosis of Brain Death (2001)

Physicians, health care workers, members of the clergy, and laypeople throughout the world have accepted fully that a person is dead when his or her brain is dead. In the United States, the principle that death can be diagnosed by neurologic criteria (designated as brain death) is the basis of the Uniform Determination of Death Act,1 although the law does not define any of the specifics of the clinical diagnosis. There is a clear difference between severe brain damage and brain death. The physician must understand this difference, because brain death means that life support is useless, and brain death . . .
Diamond micro-optics: microlenses and antireflection structured surfaces for the infrared spectral region (2003)

Fabrication and evaluation of a subwavelength grating in diamond, designed to reduce the Fresnel reflection, is demonstrated. The antireflection (AR) structures are designed to reduce the surface reflection at an illuminating wavelength of 10.6 microm. With this AR-treatment, where no other material is introduced (i.e., no thin film coating), the unique properties of diamond can be fully used. The fabricated AR structures were optically evaluated with a spectrophotometer. The transmission through a diamond substrate with AR structures on both sides was increased from 71% to 97%, with a theoretical value of 99%. Microlenses in diamond are also demonstrated. The lenses are evaluated with interferometers and show good performance. The micro-optical structures were fabricated by electron-beam lithography or photolithographic methods followed by plasma etching.
Toll-like receptor-4 mediates cigarette smoke-induced cytokine production by human macrophages (2006)

These findings link cigarette smoke to inflammation and lead to new insights/therapeutic strategies in the pathogenesis of lung emphysema.
Alginates: biosyntheses and some structure-function relationships relevant to biomedical and biotechnological applications (1992)

Conference Article| February 01 1992 Alginates: biosyntheses and some structure-function relationships relevant to biomedical and biotechnological applications Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk 1NOBIPOL, Division of Biotechnology, University of Trondheim NTH, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1992) 20 (1): 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0200027 Article history Received: September 10 1991 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk; Alginates: biosyntheses and some structure-function relationships relevant to biomedical and biotechnological applications. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1992; 20 (1): 27–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0200027 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: M, D-mannuronic acid, G, L-guluronic acid This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 Biochemical Society1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A multiple flow tables construction scheme for service function chaining in NFV (2015)

In this paper, we address the inefficient implementation of Service Function Chaining, which comes from the use of a single flow table. It is because the number of flow entries in the flow table significantly increases according to the increment of the number of service chains. So the switch should look up larger flow table to process packets, and this also makes harder to update the path of the service chains. In order to solve this problem, we propose the modified flow table construction scheme for implementing the Service Function Chaining with multiple flow tables. In our scheme, the flow entries are inserted to the corresponding flow table classified as the input ports of the switch, then they can be easily categorized and managed through the multiple flow tables. By doing this, the switch can look up only the corresponding flow table to process the packets or to update the path of the service chains. As a result, we reduce the inefficiency of the flow table construction for implementing the Service Function Chaining in the NFV.