gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and performance of coplanar ferroelectric phase shifter (1998)

Abstract Coplanar ferroelectric phase shifters have been fabricated from thin films of barium strontium titanate (BST) and gold coplanar waveguide. The ability for these devices to provide a variable phase shift is based upon the change in dielectric constant of the BST with an applied de bias. We have fabricated coplanar phase shifters by three different series of fabrication steps. For each of the three devices, MgO was used as the substrate, and the BST films were deposited by laser ablation. We describe the coplanar design, material deposition, and the high frequency testing. The phase shifters were tested at frequencies up to 35 GHz.
Selective differentiation of mammalian bone marrow stromal cells cultured on three‐dimensional polymer foams (2001)

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are pluripotent progenitor cells that can regenerate different skeletal tissues in response to environmental signals. In this study, we used highly porous, structurally stable three-dimensional polymer foams in conjunction with specific regulatory molecules to selectively differentiate mammalian BMSC into either cartilaginous or bone-like tissues. Bovine BMSC were expanded in monolayers and cultured on 5-mm-diameter, 2-mm-thick foams made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol). Constructs maintained their original size and shape for up to 4 weeks of culture and supported BMSC growth and production of extracellular matrix (ECM). By proper use of chondrogenic (dexamethasone, insulin, transforming growth factor-β1) or osteogenic (dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate) medium supplements, we could control whether the generated ECM was cartilaginous (containing collagen type II and sulfated glycosaminoglycans) or bone-like (containing osteocalcin, osteonectin, and mineralized foci). After 4 weeks of cultivation, cartilaginous and bone-like ECM were uniformly distributed throughout the construct volume and respectively represented 34.2 ± 9.3% and 12.6 ± 3.2% of the total available area. BMSC culture on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) foams provides a three-dimensional model system to study the development of mesenchymal tissues in vitro and has potential applications in engineering autologous grafts for skeletal tissue repair. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 55: 229–235, 2001
43‐1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Automotive Biometric Automatic Luminance Control System (2016)

The use of an eye gaze tracking camera is proposed to measure the driver's pupil size and provide forward field of view intensity. This biometric intensity may be utilized as part of an automatic luminance control system to properly control the display luminance for comfortable display visibility.
Modulated optical vortices (2003)

Single-beam optical gradient force traps created by focusing helical modes of light are known as optical vortices. Modulating the helical pitch of such a mode's wave front yields a new class of optical traps whose dynamically reconfigurable intensity distributions provide new opportunities for controlling motion in mesoscopic systems. An implementation of modulated optical vortices based on the dynamic holographic optical tweezer technique is described.
Multiple-description video coding using motion-compensated temporal prediction (2002)

We propose multiple description (MD) video coders which use motion-compensated predictions. Our MD video coders utilize MD transform coding and three separate prediction paths at the encoder to mimic the three possible scenarios at the decoder: both descriptions received or either of the single descriptions received. We provide three different algorithms to control the mismatch between the prediction loops at the encoder and decoder. We present simulation results comparing the three approaches to two standards-based approaches to MD video coding. We show that when the main prediction loop at the encoder uses a two-channel reconstruction, it is important to have side prediction loops and transmit some redundancy information to control mismatch. We also examine the performance of our MD video coder with partial mismatch control in the presence of random packet loss, and demonstrate a significant improvement compared to more traditional approaches.
Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) (2016)

This document defines Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(S-BFD), a simplified mechanism for using BFD with a large proportion
of negotiation aspects eliminated, thus providing benefits such as
quick provisioning, as well as improved control and flexibility for
network nodes initiating path monitoring. This document updates RFC
5880.
Inclusive Modeling and Digital Compensation for Coupling Impairments of High-Speed Coupled Electrical Microstrip Traces in 100G OOK and PAM4 Data Center Connections (2016)

Pluggable transceiver modules become the preferable form factor in data centers connectivity due to the lower power consumption and smaller size, which allows high port density. In such small form factors, the optical components may be packaged separately from the electronic blocks. This introduces a new challenge for transmission of ultra-broadband signal over high-speed coupled printed analog traces, as the coupling impairments are enhanced dramatically. Here, an extended model of coupling impairments of coupled microstrip traces in optical fiber communication systems is proposed. This model consists of an accurate formulation of the frequency dependency, which is shown to be critical in the transmission of ultra-broadband signals. In addition, a comparison is presented to standard practice coupling models that are currently being used for crosstalk cancellation techniques in sub-10G systems or very short traces. Based on the inclusive coupling model, novel coupling compensation techniques are proposed and are compared with the classical ones. Comprehensive analysis, which is verified by Monte-Carlo simulation, reveals that the newly introduces coupling compensation technique significantly outperforms the existing crosstalk compensation solutions, for 25G transmission and beyond, thus, longer coupled traces are supported. The new approach is based on symbol-spaced sampling and reduced-complexity digital signal processing. It is shown in the case of 100G PAM4 transmission, based on commercially available 25G components, the newly proposed compensation technique supports long microstrip traces of more than 15 cm, while maintaining 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) bit error rate (BER).
Singular-value analysis and optimization of experimental parameters in fluorescence molecular tomography (2004)

The advent of specific molecular markers and probes employing optical reporters has encouraged the application of in vivo diffuse tomographic imaging at greater spatial resolutions and hence data-set volumes. This study applied singular-value analysis (SVA) of the fluorescence tomographic problem to determine optimal source and detector distributions that result in data sets that are balanced between information content and size. Weight matrices describing the tomographic forward problem were constructed for a range of source and detector distributions and fields of view and were decomposed into their associated singular values. These singular-value spectra were then compared so that we could observe the effects of each parameter on imaging performance. The findings of the SVA were then confirmed by examining reconstructions of simulated and experimental data acquired with the same optode distributions as examined by SVA. It was seen that for a 20-mm target width, which is relevant to the small-animal imaging situation, the source and detector fields of view should be set at approximately 30 mm. Equal numbers of sources and detectors result in the best imaging performance in the parallel-plate geometry and should be employed when logistically feasible. These data provide guidelines for the design of small-animal diffuse optical tomographic imaging systems and demonstrate the utility of SVA as a simple and efficient means of optimizing experimental parameters in problems for which a forward model of the data collection process is available.
Routes to practical plastic optical fiber systems (2000)

Plastic optical fiber (POF) has long been seen as a potential medium for implementing simple, very low cost optical links, but has not yet found significant application in data communication. In the near future, this situation is likely to change, as a new generation of POF with dramatically improved optical properties becomes commercially available. Unlike conventional POF, the new POF is based on amorphous perfluorinated polymers that are transparent in the near infrared. In order to develop useful fibers based on these new polymer materials, it has been necessary to better understand their fundamental optical properties, and to develop methods for manufacturing low-loss fiber. Since the available manufacturing methods typically result in graded-index POF's with very non-ideal index profiles, the possibility of severe bandwidth limitations has long been a concern. In addition, significant improvements in connection loss will be required to support high-speed systems. In this paper, we describe techniques that we and others have developed to eliminate or overcome these obstacles.
Streptococcus agalactiae Capsule Polymer Length and Attachment Is Determined by the Proteins CpsABCD (2015)

The production of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) or secreted exopolysaccharides is ubiquitous in bacteria, and the Wzy pathway constitutes a prototypical mechanism to produce these structures. Despite the differences in polysaccharide composition among species, a group of proteins involved in this pathway is well conserved. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus; GBS) produces a CPS that represents the main virulence factor of the bacterium and is a prime target in current vaccine development. We used this human pathogen to investigate the roles and potential interdependencies of the conserved proteins CpsABCD encoded in the cps operon, by developing knock-out and functional mutant strains. The mutant strains were examined for CPS quantity, size, and attachment to the cell surface as well as CpsD phosphorylation. We observed that CpsB, -C, and -D compose a phosphoregulatory system where the CpsD autokinase phosphorylates its C-terminal tyrosines in a CpsC-dependent manner. These Tyr residues are also the target of the cognate CpsB phosphatase. An interaction between CpsD and CpsC was observed, and the phosphorylation state of CpsD influenced the subsequent action of CpsC. The CpsC extracellular domain appeared necessary for the production of high molecular weight polysaccharides by influencing CpsA-mediated attachment of the CPS to the bacterial cell surface. In conclusion, although having no impact on cps transcription or the synthesis of the basal repeating unit, we suggest that these proteins are fine-tuning the last steps of CPS biosynthesis (i.e. the balance between polymerization and attachment to the cell wall).
Color-Accurate Underwater Imaging using Perceptual Adaptive Illumination (2010)

Capturing color in water is challenging due to the heavy non-uniform attenuation of light in water across the visible spectrum, which results in dramatic hue shifts toward blue. Yet observing color in water is important for monitoring and surveillance as well as marine biology studies related to species identification, individual and group behavior, and ecosystem health and activity monitoring. Underwater robots are equipped with motor control for large scale transects but they lack sensors that enable capturing color-accurate underwater images. We present a method for color-accurate imaging in water called perceptual adaptive illumination. This method dynamically mixes the illumination of an object in a distance-dependent way using a controllable multi-color light source. The color mix compensates correctly for color loss and results in an image whose color composition is equivalent to rendering the object in air. Experiments were conducted with a color palette in the pool and at three different coral reefs sites, and with an underwater robot collecting image data with the new sensor.
Sepsis is associated with reduced spontaneous neutrophil migration velocity in human adults (2018)

Sepsis is a common and deadly complication among trauma and surgical patients. Neutrophils must mobilize to the site of infection to initiate an immediate immune response. To quantify the velocity of spontaneous migrating blood neutrophils, we utilized novel microfluidic approaches on whole blood samples from septic and healthy individuals. A prospective study at a level 1 trauma and tertiary care center was performed with peripheral blood samples collected at <12 hours, 4 days, and/or 14 days relative to study initiation. Blood samples were also collected from healthy subjects. Ex vivo spontaneous neutrophil migration was measured on 2 μl of whole blood using microfluidic devices and time-lapse imaging. For each sample, individual neutrophils were tracked to calculate mean instantaneous velocity. Forty blood samples were collected from 33 patients with sepsis, and 15 blood samples were collected from age- and gender-matched healthy, control subjects. Average age was 61 years for septic patients with a male predominance (67%). Overall, average spontaneous neutrophil migration velocity in septic samples was 16.9 μm/min, significantly lower than controls samples at 21.1 μm/min (p = 0.0135). Neutrophil velocity was reduced the greatest at <12 hours after sepsis (14.5 μm/min). Regression analysis demonstrated a significant, positive correlation between neutrophil velocity and days after sepsis (p = 0.0059). There was no significant association between neutrophil velocity and age, gender, APACHE II score, SOFA score, sepsis severity, total white blood cell count, or percentage of neutrophils. Circulating levels of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, IP-10, and TNF were additionally measured using bead-based multiplex assay and found to peak at <12 hours and be significantly increased in patients with sepsis at all three time points (<12 hours, 4 days, and 14 days after sepsis) compared to healthy subjects. In conclusion, these findings may demonstrate an impaired ability of neutrophils to respond to sites of infection during the proinflammatory phase of sepsis.
Xenotransplantation of Embryonic Pig Kidney or Pancreas to Replace the Function of Mature Organs (2010)

Lack of donor availability limits the number of human donor organs. The need for host immunosuppression complicates transplantation procedures. Ultrastructurally precise kidneys differentiate in situ following xenotransplantation in mesentery of embryonic pig renal primordia. The developing organ attracts its blood supply from the host, obviating humoral rejection. Engraftment of pig renal primordia transplanted directly into rats requires host immune suppression. However, insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following initiation of organogenesis [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long term in nonimmune-suppressed diabetic rats or rhesus macaques. Engraftment of morphologically similar cells originating from adult porcine islets of Langerhans (islets) occurs in rats previously transplanted with E28 pig pancreatic primordia. Here, we review recent findings germane to xenotransplantation of pig renal or pancreatic primordia as a novel organ replacement strategy.
A low-frequency log-periodic acoustic array (1978)

The basic concepts derived from frequency independent and log-periodic antenna structures have been, in some instances, utilized in the construction of underwater sound devices [K. Walther, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 35, 81–90 (1963) and R. L. Sternberg, W. A. Anderson and G. T. Stevens, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1617–1621 (1978)]. In all investigations known to the author, however, the frequency range of interest has been in the ultrasonic regime. This paper shows how the log-periodic approach can be extended to audio frequencies in the design of acoustic arrays yielding quasiconstant directionality in excess of one decade. The analysis indicates how this can be accomplished with broadside and end-fire configurations. Computer-generated directivity patterns are included to illustrate the theoretical approach used and preliminary experimental results are added to indicate feasibility.
A bootstrap technique for building domain-dependent language models (1998)

In this paper, we propose a new bootstrap technique to build domain-dependent language models. We assume that a seed corpus consisting of a small amount of data relevant to the new domain is available, which is used to build a reference language model. We also assume the availability of an external corpus, consisting of a large amount of data from various sources, which need not be directly relevant to the domain of interest. We use the reference language model and a suitable metric, such as the perplexity measure, to select sentences from the external corpus that are relevant to the domain. Once we have a sufficient number of new sentences, we can rebuild the reference language model. We then continue to select additional sentences from the external corpus, and this process continues to iterate until some satisfactory termination point is achieved. We also describe several methods to further enhance the bootstrap technique, such as combining it with mixture modeling and class-based modeling. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated through a set of experiments, and the results are discussed. Analysis of the convergence properties of the approach and the conditions that need to be satisfied by the external corpus and the seed corpus are highlighted, but detailed work on these issues is deferred for the future.
A 10mV-input boost converter with inductor peak current control and zero detection for thermoelectric energy harvesting (2014)

A boost converter for thermoelectric energy harvesting in 130nm CMOS reduces the achievable input voltage by 50% to 10mV, which allows wearable body sensors to continue operation with thermal gradients below 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C. The design uses a peak inductor current control scheme and duty cycled, offset compensated comparators to maintain high efficiency across a broad range of input and output voltages. The measured efficiency ranges from 53% at VI=20mV to a peak efficiency of 83% at VI=300mV.
Extracting predicates from mining models for efficient query evaluation (2004)

Modern relational database systems are beginning to support ad hoc queries on mining models. In this article, we explore novel techniques for optimizing queries that contain predicates on the results of application of mining models to relational data. For such queries, we use the internal structure of the mining model to automatically derive traditional database predicates. We present algorithms for deriving such predicates for a large class of popular discrete mining models: decision trees, naive Bayes, clustering and linear support vector machines. Our experiments on Microsoft SQL Server demonstrate that these derived predicates can significantly reduce the cost of evaluating such queries.
Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for prostate cancer (1999)

Dendritic cells are unique in their ability to stimulate naive T cells. These investigators have developed a prostate cancer vaccine using autologous dendritic cells as a vehicle to present prostate antigens to T cells in vivo.
Long‐time overdamped Langevin dynamics of molecular chains (1994)

Abstract We present a novel algorithm of constrained, overdamped dynamics to study the long‐time properties of peptides, proteins, and related molecules. The constraints are applied to an all‐atom model of the molecule by projecting out all components of the nonbonding interactions which tend to alter fixed bond lengths and angles. Because the overdamped dynamical equations are first order in time, the constraints are satisfied by inversion of a banded matrix at each timestep, which is computationally efficient. Thermal effects are included through a Langevin noise term in the equation of motion. Because high‐frequency components of the motion have been eliminated, the timestep of the algorithm is determined by the nonbonding forces, which are two to three orders of magnitude weaker than the bonding forces. Using polyalanine as a test example, we demonstrate that trajectories simulating a microsecond of motion can be run about 10 3 times faster than an equivalent molecular dynamics simulation. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Markov v model document retrieval (2005)

This paper presents a new probabilistic approachto document retrieval based on the assumption thata Markov process can explain the process by whichhumans rank the relevance of documents to queries.The model ranks documents for retrieval based on theirprobability of relevance. Two training methods are presented. The model is compared with Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) on two publicly available databases.The results show that the new algorithm achieves Precision/Recall performance equivalent to or better than LSA.
Lack of the Matricellular Protein SPARC (Secreted Protein, Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) Attenuates Liver Fibrogenesis in Mice (2013)

Overall our data suggest that SPARC plays a significant role in liver fibrogenesis. Interventions to inhibit SPARC expression are suggested as promising approaches for liver fibrosis treatment.
Wireless Charging for Smart Garment with Textile-based Receiver Coils (2020)

Wireless-charging hanger and drawer systems with conductive textile receiver coils are reported in this paper. Both systems can be used to conveniently charge Li-ion batteries in smart garments with embedded sensors. The receiver coils fabricated with conductive textile greatly enhance comfort, flexibility, and foldability of garments. The frequency used for wireless charging is 400 kHz. For the hanger system, the maximum charging power can reach 200 mW with 25.5% dc-dc efficiency. For the drawer system, maximum charging power for one garment is 307 mW with 10.5% dc-dc efficiency.
Redox Shuttles for Overcharge Protection of Lithium-Ion Battery (2013)

Redox shuttle was proposed for overcharge protections of lithium-ion battery. Development of novel redox shuttles is in great needs since this method provides an economic and efficient way to make the cell system safer and does not require extra cost, weight, and volume. To accommodate different chemistry of lithium-ion battery, redox shuttles have to be versatile and tunable in terms of many properties, such as redox potential, electrochemical stability, and compatibility. A series of novel redox shuttles has been developed based on organic synthesis and delicate design, many of which were developed with intentional improvement, such as solubility in carbonate based electrolytes, elevated potentials, and better electrochemical stability. For instance, ANL-2 redox shuttle was developed with improved solubility in carbonate based electrolytes and excellent overcharge performance. The success of ANL-2 was based on the previous attempts using various design strategies to improve the solubility of DDB, including asymmetric ANL-1 redox shuttle, and DBMOEB (1,4-di-tert-butyl-2,5-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy-benzene). Other examples are ANL-3 and ANL-4 redox shuttles, with focus on increasing the redox potentials. ANL-3 is able to provide 4.8 V vs Li/Li+ oovercharge protection, highest ever reported in the literature. ANL-4, on the other hand, can deliver more than 90 cycles of overcharge protection for LMO cathode.
First Demonstration of a MEMS Tunable Vertical-Cavity SOA (2004)

We present the first microelectromechanical tunable vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier. The device operates in the long wavelength range and exhibits a minimum of 10 dB of device gain through 11 nm of tuning.