gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pixel response‐based <scp>EPID</scp> dosimetry for patient specific <scp>QA</scp> (2016)

Increasing use of high dose rate, flattening filter free (FFF), and/or small-sized field beams presents a significant challenge to the medical physics community. In this work, we develop a strategy of using a high spatial resolution and high frame rate amorphous silicon flat panel electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for dosimetric measurements of these challenging cases, as well as for conventional external beam therapy. To convert a series of raw EPID-measured radiation field images into water-based dose distribution, a pixel-to-pixel dose-response function of the EPID specific to the linac is essential. The response function was obtained by using a Monte Carlo simulation of the photon transport in the EPID with a comprehensive calibration. After the raw image was converted into the primary incident photon fluence, the fluence was further convolved into a water-based dose distribution of the dynamic field by using a pregenerated pencil-beam kernel. The EPID-based dosimetric measurement technique was validated using beams with and without flattening filter of all energies available in Varian TrueBeam STx™. Both regularly and irregularly shaped fields measured using a PTW 729 ion chamber array in plastic water phantom. The technique was also applied to measure the distribution for a total of 23 treatment plans of different energies to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed approach. The EPID measurements of square fields of 4 × 4 cm<sup>2</sup> to 20 × 20 cm<sup>2</sup>, circular fields of 2-15 cm diameters, rectangular fields of various sizes, and irregular MLC fields were in accordance with measurements using a Farmer chamber and/or ion chamber array. The 2D absolute dose maps generated from EPID raw images agreed with ion chamber measurements to within 1.5% for all fields. For the 23 patient cases examined in this work, the average γ-index passing rate were found to be 99.2 ± 0.6%, 97.4 ± 2.4%, and 72.6 ± 8.4%, respectively, for criterions of 3 mm/3%, 2 mm/2%, and 1 mm/1%. The high spatial resolution and high frame rate EPID provides an accurate and efficient dosimetric tool for QA of modern radiation therapy. Accurate absolute 2D dose maps can be generated from the system for an independent dosimetric verification of treatment delivery.
Bias assisted etching of diamond in a conventional chemical vapor deposition reactor (1993)

A novel technique for selectively etching diamond films is presented. This letter describes a technique by which diamond may be etched in a conventional plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor at rates comparable to those reported for both electron cyclotron resonance and reactive ion etching techniques. This technique involves negatively biasing the diamond film, while it is immersed in a mostly hydrogen containing plasma. Negative dc bias assisted etching of CVD diamond films is performed in both microwave and dc plasma reactors over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Speculation on the etching mechanisms is also included.
Identification and Assessment Of Known And Novel Human Papillomaviruses by Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, Nucleotide Sequence, and Phylogenetic Algorithms (1994)

The identification and taxonomy of papillomaviruses has become increasingly complex, as approximately 70 human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been described and novel HPV genomes continue to be identified. Methods and corresponding DNA sequence data bases were designed for the reliable identification of mucosal HPV genomes from clinical specimens. HPVs are identified by the amplification of a fragment of the L1 region by consensus primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent hybridization or restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. L1 PCR fragments may be further characterized by nucleotide sequencing. Conservation of 30 (of 151) predicted amino acids identifies HPV genomic fragments, and nucleotide sequence alignments allow calculation of their phylogenetic relatedness. Sequence differences > 10% from any known HPV type suggest a novel HPV type. Phylogenetic relationships with known HPV types may permit predictions of biology. With these criteria, 10 PCR fragments were identified that would qualify as new genital HPV types after complete genomic isolation.
Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs (2015)

It is unclear when and how to start enteral feeding for preterm infants when mother's milk is not available. We hypothesized that early and slow advancement with either formula or bovine colostrum stimulates gut maturation and prevents necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm pigs, used as models for preterm infants. Pigs were given either total parenteral nutrition (TPN, n = 14) or slowly advancing volumes (16-64 ml·kg(-1)·day(-1)) of preterm infant formula (IF, n = 15) or bovine colostrum (BC, n = 13), both given as adjunct to parenteral nutrition. On day 5, both enteral diets increased intestinal mass (27 ± 1 vs. 22 ± 1 g/kg) and glucagon-like peptide 2 release, relative to TPN (P < 0.05). The incidence of mild NEC lesions was higher in IF than BC and TPN pigs (60 vs. 0 and 15%, respectively, P < 0.05). Only the IF pigs showed reduced gastric emptying and gastric inhibitory polypeptide release, and increased tissue proinflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β and IL-8, P < 0.05) and expression of immune-related genes (AOAH, LBP, CXCL10, TLR2), relative to TPN. The IF pigs also showed reduced intestinal villus-to-crypt ratio, lactose digestion, and some plasma amino acids (Arg, Cit, Gln, Tyr, Val), and higher intestinal permeability, compared with BC pigs (all P < 0.05). Colonic microbiota analyses showed limited differences among groups. Early feeding with formula induces intestinal dysfunction whereas bovine colostrum supports gut maturation when mother's milk is absent during the first week after preterm birth. A diet-dependent feeding guideline may be required for newborn preterm infants.
Serotype Specificity of B-Haplotype Influence on the Relative Efficacy of Marek's Disease Vaccines (1994)

B-haplotype genes in the chicken were previously shown to differentially influence vaccine efficacy against challenge with very virulent Marek's disease virus according to the type of Marek's disease (MD) vaccine used. To determine whether MD vaccines of the same serotype gave comparable levels of protection against MD in chickens of the same haplotype challenged with MD virus strain Md5, two serotype 1 and two serotype 2 vaccines were compared with one serotype 3 vaccine using chickens of 15-B-congenic lines. There was a strong correlation in development of MD lesions among chickens of the different lines receiving the two serotype 2 vaccines (r = 0.94) as well as among chickens receiving the two serotype 1 vaccines (r = 0.76). The serotype 1 vaccines were preferable for B2, B13, B15, and B21, but serotype 2 vaccines were more protective for B5 chickens. The two serotype 2 vaccines gave equivalent protection; however, of the serotype 1 vaccines, CVI988/Rispens provided more protection than Md11/75c/R2/23. We conclude that the B-haplotype influence on MD vaccine efficacy is dependent on the serotype of the vaccine.
Integrative Atom Probe Tomography Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy-Centric Atom Placement as a Step Toward Atomic-Scale Tomography (2021)

Current reconstruction methodologies for atom probe tomography (APT) contain serious geometric artifacts that are difficult to address due to their reliance on empirical factors to generate a reconstructed volume. To overcome this limitation, a reconstruction technique is demonstrated where the analyzed volume is instead defined by the specimen geometry and crystal structure as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction acquired before and after APT analysis. APT data are reconstructed using a bottom-up approach, where the post-APT TEM image is used to define the substrate upon which APT detection events are placed. Transmission electron diffraction enables the quantification of the relationship between atomic positions and the evaporated specimen volume. Using an example dataset of ZnMgO:Ga grown epitaxially on c-plane sapphire, a volume is reconstructed that has the correct geometry and atomic spacings in 3D. APT data are thus reconstructed in 3D without using empirical parameters for the reverse projection reconstruction algorithm.
TELESCOPIC EYEPIECES IN INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY (1984)

A new attachment that can be used with optimized ophthalmoscopes is described. Readily removable and interchangeable eyepieces containing small, lightweight Galilean telescopes approximately double the magnification. The influence of this device on some of the optical properties of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy including magnification, field of view, brightness of the fundus image, and stereopsis, are reviewed briefly.
Block Copolymer Micelle Toughened Isotactic Polypropylene (2017)

A series of compositionally symmetric poly(ethylene-alt-propylene)-b-poly(ethylene-ran-ethyl ethylene) (PEP–PEEE) diblock copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization of isoprene and butadiene followed by heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation. These materials were melt blended with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) at concentrations between 1.25 and 20 wt %, and the resulting morphologies were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Uniformly dispersed micelles with an average diameter of approximately 100 nm were obtained in blends with PEP-PEEE molecular weights of 100 and 240 kg/mol. Tensile tests showed a 25-fold increase in the strain at break at a concentration of just 2.5 wt % with no discernible loss in elastic modulus or tensile strength. Blends containing 5 and 10 wt % micelles displayed 5 and 12 times the Izod impact strength of the pure iPP, respectively. Conversely, blends prepared with PEP homopolymer formed larger particles (≈0.5 μm in diameter) accompanied by marginal improvement in the tensile and impact properties at the same concentrations. The toughening mechanisms were investigated using electron microscopy, which revealed cavitation-induced shear yielding and multiple crazing in the iPP/PEP–PEEE blends, and limited plastic deformation in the iPP/PEP blend. A published theory that accounts for this type of toughening has been employed to model the rubber modified solids when subjected to different stress states leading to predictive criteria for cavitation and shear yielding. These results establish the relationship between rubber particle size and toughness in rubber-modified iPP.
Polarization control of a high power laser by adjoint feedback control (1993)

A technique for polarizing a high-power laser with unstable resonator optics that places the polarizing elements in a low power feedback path external to the parent resonator structure is described. The technique has been used to polarize a high-power industrial CO/sub 2/ laser. Rejection ratios for the unwanted polarizations can exceed 20 dB. The polarization vector can be rotated at will by rotating the polarizer in the low power beam path.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A murine monoclonal anti-factor VIII inhibitory antibody and two human factor VIII inhibitors bind to different areas within a twenty amino acid segment of the acidic region of factor VIII heavy chain (1990)

The factor VIII (FVIII) binding regions of the monoclonal anti-FVIII inhibitory antibody C5 and a human FVIII inhibitor antibody have previously been reported to be contained within amino acid residues 351-365 of FVIII. Localization of the binding regions of these two antibodies was based on their reactivity with four synthetic FVIII peptides. Nineteen synthetic FVIII peptides spanning the entire acidic region of the FVIII heavy chain have now been evaluated for the ability to inhibit the binding of C5 to FVIII in an ELISA assay. The smallest peptide tested that inhibited C5 binding to FVIII consisted of residues 351-361. Those peptides that were able to inhibit C5 binding in the ELISA assay were also able to neutralize the FVIII inhibitory activity of C5 in plasma. The FVIII inhibitory activity of two human FVIII inhibitor antibodies was also partially neutralized by peptides from this region. Evaluation of the pattern of peptides reactive with the three antibodies indicates that the binding regions of these antibodies are in very close proximity to each other, but are not identical. Their respective binding regions are contained within residues 351-361 (C5), 354-362 (inhibitor 1), and 342-354 (inhibitor 2). These results suggest that this 20 amino acid segment of the acidic region of the heavy chain of FVIII may be functionally important in the expression of FVIII procoagulant activity.
Defining endothelial progenitor cells (2006)

New vessel formation occurs via vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, or arteriogenesis. Since 1997, post‐natal vasculogenesis has been purported to be an important mechanism for angiogenesis via marrow‐derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Emerging evidence suggests that EPC are derived from monocytes. We have used a commercially available assay for circulating human EPC that enumerates “colony forming unit‐endothelial cell” (CFU‐EC) activity and we correlated CFU‐EC formation with markers for monocytes, macrophages, and endothelium and these results were compared to endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) isolated from the same blood samples. CFU‐ECs display evidence of their monocyte/macrophage lineage by retaining expression of c‐fms and non‐specific esterase activity. CFU‐EC can be plucked and replated in hematopoietic CFC assays to give rise to colony forming unit‐macrophages, however, cells plucked from a CFU‐EC colony are not capable of proliferation at a single cell level. In contrast, ECFC display a hierarchy of proliferative potentials at the single cell level, fail to display monocyte/macrophage antigens, and do not form hematopoietic CFC. CFU‐EC lack robust in vitro capillary tube formation, however, CFU‐EC co‐localize with ECFC formed capillary tubes. A whole cell proteomics analysis indicates differences in expression of several hundred proteins between CFU‐EC and ECFC. Human ECFC, but not CFU‐EC, implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice spontaneously form vessels that function to carry murine blood cells. Thus, CFU‐EC are macrophages. We propose a revised model for considering the cellular events involved in new vessel formation emphasizing the interacting role of macrophages and ECFC.
Broader HIV-1 neutralizing antibody responses induced by envelope glycoprotein mutants based on the EIAV attenuated vaccine (2010)

This study shows that an HIV envelope modified by the information of another lentivirus vaccine induces effective broadly neutralizing antibodies. A single amino acid mutation was found to increase the immunogenicity of the HIV Env.
Endless polarization control algorithm using adjustable linear retarders with fixed axes (2003)

New designs are presented for polarization-transforming elements equivalent to rotating quarter-wave plates and rotating half-wave plates. These are constructed from sequences of adjustable linear retarders with fixed retardation axes, such as liquid-crystal cells (untwisted nematic) and electrooptical modulators. Then, a new endless polarization control algorithm is proposed and demonstrated. The variable linear retarders in this endless polarization controller operate over a finite range of retardance without any reset or unwinding procedure. This endless algorithm can produce all possible sequences of continuous polarization state transformations.
Brain-wide 3D light-field imaging of neuronal activity with speckle-enhanced resolution (2018)

A major challenge in neuroscience is to sample large-scale neuronal activity at high speed and resolution. While calcium (Ca2+) imaging allows high-resolution optical read-out of neuronal activity, it remains challenging to sample large-scale activity at high speed, as most available imaging microscopes provide a trade-off between speed and the size of the acquisition volume. One promising method that avoids the trade-off between the acquisition rate and volume size is light-field microscopy in which the full 3D profile of an object is imaged simultaneously, thereby offering high speed at the cost of reduced spatial resolution. Here we introduce speckle light-field microscopy (speckle LFM), which utilizes speckle-based structured illumination to enhance spatial resolution. Using speckle LFM we demonstrate brain-wide recording of neuronal activity in larval zebrafish at 10 Hz volume rate and at 1.4 times higher resolution compared to conventional light-field microscopy and with suppressed background fluorescence. In addition to improving resolution of spatial structure, we show that the increased resolution reduces spurious signal crosstalk between neighboring neurons.
2-D WDM optical interconnections using multiple-wavelength VCSEL's for simultaneous and reconfigurable communication among many planes (1993)

A novel interconnection configuration in which one two-dimensional plane can communicate simultaneously and reconfigurably with many planes by using wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) is proposed and analyzed. This system incorporates arrays of multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) as well as wavelength-selective detecting planes. High signal contrast ratio with low power penalty can be achieved for a channel separation>30 nm, limited only by the detector spectral response. By using WDM pixels, the system capacity is significantly enhanced as compared to more traditional techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Method and device for <i>in situ</i> detection of a mineral deposit fluid within a borehole (1982)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Philippe Bres, Christian Berge, Gerard Sassus‐Bourda; Method and device for in situ detection of a mineral deposit fluid within a borehole. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 May 1982; 71 (5): 1308. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.387723 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Permeation Studies of CFC Alternative Blowing Agents for Rigid Polyurethane Foams (1994)

In order to evaluate the migration characteristics of insulating gases and vapors, a method was developed to study the permeation characteristics of the blowing agents through films made from the same materials used to make foams. This paper describes a method for measuring the permeation characteristics through films that represent the foam polymer and summarizes data on the permeation characteristics for two polyisocyanurate polymers. These films are made by using commercial formulations without blowing agents. The blowing agents evaluated were: HCFC-22, HCFC-123, HCFC-141b, HFC-134a, HFC-152a, nitrogen (as an air model), and CFC-11 as a control
Lymphocyte‐mediated inhibition of platelet cytotoxic functions during Hymenoptera venom desensitization: characterization of a suppressive lymphokine (1990)

Recently, it has been shown that platelets, through a receptor for the Fc fragment of IgE, could be specially triggered by venom allergens in hypersensitivity to hymenoptera, generating cytocidal mediators toward Schistosoma mansoni larvae, and oxygen metabolites measured by chemiluminescence. After rush immunotherapy, a depressed platelet response was demonstrated to be associated with the production of lymphokine(s). Here we report the characterization of a factor present in supernatants of antigen-stimulated T cells from patients after hymenoptera venom desensitization which is able to inhibit platelet cytotoxic functions in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal inhibition was observed with supernatants obtained after T lymphocyte stimulated with 10(-5) micrograms venom allergen/ml. Once specifically produced the platelet-suppressive effect of lymphocyte supernatants was not antigen specific. The producing T cell subpopulation was identified as CD8+. This lymphokine had an approximate molecular mass of 25 kDa and a pI of 4.8. It was heat and acid stable and sensitive to trypsin and proteinase K but not to neuraminidase. This platelet inhibitory activity was absorbed by platelet membrane suggesting its binding to a receptor. These properties were very similar to a previously described platelet activity suppressive lymphokine, suggesting the participation of this lymphokine in the mechanisms of rush desensitization.
Human myoblast transplantation in immunodeficient and immunosuppressed mice: Evidence of rejection (1994)

Normal human myoblasts were cloned and transplanted in the tibialis anterior of immunodeficient nude and SCID mice and in mdx mice under different immunosuppressive treatments (cyclosporine A, CsA; antilymphocyte serum, ALS) or not immunosuppressed. This permitted us to show the interaction of the immune system in the myoblast transplantation. The graft success was assessed by verifying signs of humoral and cellular immune reactions and the presence of dystrophin produced by the fusion of the donor myoblasts. This study showed that clones of human myoblasts were able to fuse and produce dystrophin in injected muscles of immunodeficient mice and mdx mice receiving an effective immunosuppressive treatment (i.e., ALS+CsA). However, the same pool of human myoblasts injected in mdx mice inadequately immunosuppressed (i.e., CsA alone or ALS alone) triggered an immune reaction and was rejected. Cells expressing CD4 and CD8 antigens were observed in the injected muscles of mice treated with CsA alone. Therefore, evidence of humoral and cellular rejection was observed following human myoblasts transplantation.
Simulation-directed amplifiable nanoparticle enhanced quantitative scattering assay under low magnification dark field microscopy (2020)

Nanoparticle-enhanced assays read by high-magnification dark-field microscopy require time-intensive analysis methods subject to selection bias, which can be resolved by using low magnification dark-field assays (LMDFA), at the cost of reduced sensitivity. We have simulated and experimentally validated a tunable linker-based signal amplification strategy yielding 6-fold enhanced LMDFA sensitivity.
A New Flexible Algorithm for Random Yield Improvement (2008)

This paper presents a new and improved solution for random yield improvement at the post-routing stage. The proposed solution is better suited for current processes, where a clustering effect has been observed resulting in differing particle densities in the metal and empty regions of the chip. To account for this clustering effect, we introduce the concept of weighted critical area to serve as a proxy for random yield loss. A new algorithm for weighted critical area minimization is also introduced. The proposed optimization solution derives a weighted critical area based on the user-specified particle densities. It then uses this weighted critical area information to dynamically select the appropriate critical area reduction technique in each local region to guarantee a reduction of the weighted critical area in both the local region and the whole layer. This makes the algorithm flexible and readily applicable to different process lines. It consistently improves the random yield irrespective of the particle densities in the metal and empty regions of the chip.