gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized finger-size electron-beam column with ceramic-type lenses for scanning electron microscopy (2004)

A miniaturized electron-beam column has been developed for portable scanning electron microscope, which has greatly reduced size and weight compared with those of conventional electron-beam column, in order to satisfy the demands of new applications in surface analysis, inspection and metrology, electrical testing. For column miniaturization and high precision lens fabrication, we have constructed a ceramic lens integrated column system, in which all of the electro-optical elements are integrated in one ceramics body. In this trial production, we use a newly developed alumina-based high resistive conductive ceramics for the optimization of this electro-static lens operation. All the lens electrodes are metalized and patterned on the inner surface of the cylindrical high resistivity conductive ceramic whose volume resistivity is 1010Ωcm. As the ceramic lens integrated column used here integrates all the lens electrodes and manufactured in a consecutive process, the mechanical alignment error can be reduced, resulting in the concentricity of 0.7 μm, in whole column fabrication. The initial images demonstrate the basic operation of the ceramic lens integrated column system.
Miniaturized, high-density, bead-based arrays are provided. Methods of producing and using clonal beads and producing and using miniaturized, high density, bead-based arrays are also provided. (2008)

Miniaturized, high-density, bead-based arrays are provided. Methods of producing and using clonal beads and producing and using miniaturized, high density, bead-based arrays are also provided.
Interleukin-12 is produced by macrophages in response to live or killed Bordetella pertussis and enhances the efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine by promoting induction of Th1 cells (1996)

Using a murine respiratory infection model, we have demonstrated previously that infection with Bordetella pertussis or immunization with a whole-cell pertussis vaccine induced antigen-specific Th1 cells, which conferred a high level of protection against aerosol challenge. In contrast, immunization with an acellular vaccine, consisting of the B. pertussis components detoxified pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and pertactin adsorbed to alum, generated Th2 cells and was associated with delayed bacterial clearance following challenge. In this study, we demonstrated that addition of interleukin-12 (IL-12) either in vitro or in vivo enhanced type 1 T-cell cytokine responses induced with an acellular vaccine. Furthermore, the rate of bacterial clearance in mice coinjected with IL-12 and the acellular vaccine was similar to that observed following immunization with a potent whole-cell vaccine. Analysis of IL-12 secretion by murine macrophages suggested that this cytokine is produced in vivo following B. pertussis infection or immunization with the whole-cell vaccine. IL-12 was detected in the supernatants of lung, splenic, and peritoneal macrophages infected with live B. pertussis or stimulated with heat-killed whole B. pertussis or B. pertussis lipopolysaccharide. In contrast, IL-12 could not be detected following stimulation of macrophages with the bacterial antigens filamentous hemagglutinin, detoxified pertussis toxin, and pertactin, the components of acellular vaccines. Our findings suggest that induction of endogenous IL-12 may contribute to the high efficacy of pertussis whole-cell vaccines and also demonstrate that it is possible to attain these high levels of protection with a less reactogenic acellular vaccine incorporating IL-12 as an adjuvant.
Ultrasonic inspection to quantify failure pathologies of crimped electrical connections (2015)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation K. Elliott Cramer, Daniel F. Perey, William T. Yost; Ultrasonic inspection to quantify failure pathologies of crimped electrical connections. AIP Conference Proceedings 31 March 2015; 1650 (1): 1820–1825. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914807 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Ablative Laser Patterning of Polymeric Dielectric Materials (2017)

Abstract As the semiconductor technology and the field evolves, the need for new applications can facilitate the development of new materials and processes. Device size is continuously shrinking, and materials that have low stress can promote new developments. In this paper, the focus is on three polymeric platforms that can be used as dielectric materials with the added advantage of being patternable via laser ablation. The dielectric materials were carefully designed to exhibit low stress (low modulus and high elongation), good temperature stability, and high absorbance for laser patterning. Additionally, these materials possess a distinctly advantageous, heretofore unseen property: production of little to no debris post-ablation. Several advantages of using laser ablation as the patterning tool is that it allows room temperature processing, higher throughput, and improved resolution. In this paper, it will be demonstrated that successful patterning via laser ablation of new dielectric materials can be achieved which is beneficial to new applications and technologies.
Mapping the alterations in glutamate with Glu<scp>CEST MRI</scp> in a mouse model of dopamine deficiency (2016)

Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) MRI was used to measure metabolic changes in mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) by mapping regional cerebral glutamate. The GluCEST contrast following MPTP treatment was correlated with <sup>1</sup> H-MR spectroscopy, motor function, and immunohistochemical measures. The GluCEST contrast was found to be significantly higher in the striatum and motor cortex of mice treated with MPTP than in controls (p < 0.001), which was confirmed by localized <sup>1</sup> H-MR spectroscopy. Elevated striatal GluCEST was positively associated with local astrogliosis measured by immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Additionally, a negative correlation was found between motor function, measured by the four-limb grip strength test, and GluCEST of the striatum (R = -0.705, p < 0.001) and the motor cortex (R = -0.617, p < 0.01), suggesting a role of elevated glutamate in the abnormal cerebral motor function regulation. The GluCEST contrast and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining were unaltered in the thalamus indicating glutamate elevation was localized to the striatum and the motor cortex. These findings suggest that in addition to measuring spatial changes in glutamate, GluCEST may serve as an in vivo biomarker of metabolic and functional changes that may be applied to the assessment of a broad range of neuropathologies. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 346.
Triggered release of small molecules from proteinoid microspheres (2008)

Proteinoid microspheres (PM) are formed by the thermal condensation of amino acids. They have been useful to further evolutionary theory, as catalysts for some biochemical reactions, but they have not been overly useful as controlled delivery agents. It is possible however to construct PMs that contain organic small molecules in the interior space. This means that a PM could be used as a delivery agent, if a suitable method could be discovered to cause the release of the internal material. This report describes the formation of a PM that includes a molecular bridging agent that can be removed in a reducing environment. Removal of the bridge opens a hole or window in the PM that allows the interior material to escape. The rate at which the interior material is released from the PM can be controlled by the size of the window or by the reduction potential in the environment. These PMs can be used to temporally treat a variety of complications including wounds (chronic or acute) by delivering a sequestered reagent in a controlled manner and are advantageous in that amino acids are the primary delivery vehicle breakdown product.
Fault-tolerant dynamic multilevel storage in analog VLSI (1994)

We present an area-efficient dynamic storage technique for repetitively quantizing and refreshing the analog contents of volatile capacitive memories in VLSI, incorporating redundancy and statistical averaging to avoid sudden loss of information triggered by occasional errors in the quantization. Experimental results obtained from a CMOS implementation are included, validating the robustness of the refresh scheme for long-term analog storage in excess of 8 bit resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hormone-inspired adaptive communication and distributed control for CONRO self-reconfigurable robots (2002)

Presents a biologically inspired approach to two basic problems in modular self-reconfigurable robots: adaptive communication in self-reconfigurable and dynamic networks, and distributed collaboration between the physically coupled modules to accomplish global effects such as locomotion and reconfiguration. Inspired by the biological concept of hormone, the paper develops the adaptive communication (AC) protocol that enables modules continuously to discover changes in their local topology, and the adaptive distributed control (ADC) protocol that allows modules to use hormone-like messages in collaborating their actions to accomplish locomotion and self-reconfiguration. These protocols are implemented and evaluated, and experiments in the CONRO self-reconfigurable robot and in a Newtonian simulation environment have shown that the protocols are robust and scaleable when configurations change dynamically and unexpectedly, and they can support online reconfiguration, module-level behavior shifting, and locomotion. The paper also discusses the implication of the hormone-inspired approach for distributed multiple robots and self-reconfigurable systems in general.
Foam-Assisted Capillary Trapping in Saline Aquifers—An Initial–Residual Saturation Analysis (2022)

Capillary trapping of gas in porous media is important for many processes such as oil recovery and gas geo-sequestration. Foam can mitigate gravity override and viscous fingering of gas by reducing its relative permeability through gas trapping. However, there are limited studies dedicated to understanding how foam assists in gas trapping, the best mode of foam injection for trapping, and its application in geo-sequestration. This paper uses an initial–residual saturation analysis to investigate foam-assisted capillary trapping during the surfactant alternating gas (SAG) injection process in saline aquifers. More specifically, we studied the effects of pore geometric properties, in situ generated foam, and surfactant concentration on gas trapping efficiency and final residual gas saturation, Sgr. First, NMR surface relaxometry measurements were carried out on the rock samples to indicate the mean pore sizes of the rocks. A series of core flooding tests, equipped with resistivity measurements, were then conducted using single-cycle gas injection followed by water injection, water alternating gas (WAG), and SAG injection methods to identify which mode of injection results in the most trapped gas. The results showed that the SAG method had a better sweep efficiency and trapped more gas than other methods. The initial–residual (IR) gas saturation relationships from SAG data measured from several rock samples were then analyzed using Land’s trapping model. Gas trapping efficiency (indicated by Land’s coefficient, C) and residual gas were also found to increase in rocks with large average pore sizes and with increasing surfactant concentration. However, increasing the surfactant concentration above a certain limit did not cause further improvement in the trapping coefficient but only increased the Sgr. The results also showed that high values of surfactant concentrations might cause a slight reduction in the foam’s apparent viscosity, which then reduces the initial gas saturation, and consequently, Sgr. Finally, a linear relationship between the Sgr and the measured log mean of surface relaxation times (T2LM) was obtained, and two correlations were proposed. Therefore, the NMR measurements can be considered a reliable prediction method for Sgr in porous media.
NMR Imaging for Magnets with Large Nonuniformities (1985)

Nuclear magnet resonance (NMR) imaging in the presence of large static field nonuniformity is presented. The method involves three steps: field mapping, imaging by a conventional method, and image restoration from nonuniform field influence. Two-dimensional experiments are performed to demonstrate effectiveness of this method, as well as to clarify practical problems in employing the method. Experimental results show that, with this method, images free from distortion can be obtained using a magnet with an order of magnitude greater nonuniformity than magnets commonly used for whole-body imaging.
Controlled detection in composite nanoresonant array for surface plasmon resonance sensing (2009)

A composite nanoresonant structure is developed for sensitivity enhancement in biorecognition reactions by coupling between the localized resonance and the propagating surface plasmon polariton waves. The resonant structure was accomplished by combining holographic lithography with an oblique metallic deposition for cost-effective, large-area, and reconfigurable fabrication. The metallodielectric nanostructure was assembled with microfluidic channels and examined for biorecognition reactions, which showed pronounced improvement in the limit of detection compared to conventional nanohole array sensing configurations. The temperature influence on the binding affinity and the effectiveness of the control channel were also investigated to demonstrate the capability of the proposed composite nanoresonant surface plasmon resonance array sensor.
Gene assembly<i>via</i>one-pot chemical ligation of DNA promoted by DNA nanostructures (2018)

A gene was obtained from 14 oligonucleotides self-assembled and chemically ligated in a DNA nanostructure.
Reflectance-based projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography [Invited] (2017)

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is limited by projection artifacts from the superficial blood vessels onto deeper layers. We have recently described projection-resolved (PR) OCTA that solves the ambiguity between <i>in situ</i> flow and flow projection along each axial scan and suppresses the artifact on both <i>en face</i> and cross-sectional angiograms. While this method significantly improved the depth resolution of OCTA, the vascular integrity of the deeper layers was not fully preserved. In this study, we propose a novel reflectance-based projection-resolved (rbPR) OCTA algorithm which uses OCT reflectance to enhance the flow signal and suppress the projection artifacts in 3-dimensional OCTA. We demonstrated quantitatively that rbPR improved the vascular connectivity and improved the discrimination of the deeper plexus angiograms in healthy eyes, compared to prior PR-OCTA method. We also demonstrated qualitatively that rbPR removes flow projection artifacts more completely from the outer retinal slab in the eyes with age-related macular degeneration, and preserves vascular integrity of the intermediate and deep capillary plexuses in the eyes with diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, this method improves the resolution of the choriocapillaris and demonstrates details comparable to scanning electron microscopy.
Three diacylglycerol acyltransferases contribute to oil biosynthesis and normal growth in <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> (2011)

Diacylglycerol (DAG) acyltransferase catalyses the final and committed step of triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Eukaryotes commonly contain up to three distinct classes of DAG acyltransferases: acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), and phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT). The non-conventional oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, contains at least one homologue of each class and serves as a good model to understand the role of different DAG acyltransferases in the biosynthesis of oil, a critical cellular component that serves as a storage molecule as well as a buffer for free fatty acids. We used gene disruptions in Y. lipolytica and in vitro enzyme assays to confirm the identity of genes encoding all three DAG acyltransferases and demonstrate that together they account for almost all oil biosynthesis and that all three contribute significantly to its oil biosynthesis. In Y. lipolytica ATCC 20362 strain, the total lipid% dry cell weight (DCW) as a percentage of the wild-type strain in pdat, dgat1, dgat2, dgat1/dgat2 double mutant and dgat1/dgat2/pdat triple mutant was 70%, 57%, 36%, 18% and 13%, respectively.This is the first example of DGAT1 contributing significantly to oil biosynthesis in a microorganism. The triple mutant shows significant growth defect in both increased lag phase and slower growth rate, suggesting that oil biosynthesis contributes to normal growth in this strain.
Reradiation and imaging of diffuse photon density waves using fluorescent inhomogeneities (1994)

Experiments demonstrate the reradiation of diffuse photon density waves in turbid media by an obstacle filled with fluorescent dye. The reradiated energy was also in the form of a diffuse density wave that was readily detected at the red-shifted energy. In this process the inhomogeneity was converted into a source of diffuse photon density waves, and localization of the object can be accomplished by analysis of the reradiated wavefronts. We will discuss these measurements and demonstrate some simple practical devices which are capable of localizing the center of such a fluorescent inhomogeneity.
Joint base station selection and distributed compression for cloud radio access networks (2012)

This work studies joint base station (BS) selection and distributed compression for the uplink of a cloud radio access network. Multiple multi-antenna BSs are connected to a central unit, also referred to as cloud decoder, via capacity-constrained backhaul links. Since the signals received at different BSs are correlated, distributed source coding strategies for communication to the cloud decoder are potentially beneficial. Moreover, reducing the number of active BSs can improve the network energy efficiency, since BS energy consumption provides a major contribution to the overall energy expenditure for the network. An optimization problem is formulated in which compression and BS selection are performed jointly by introducing a sparsity-inducing term into the objective function. An iterative algorithm is proposed. From numerical results, it is observed that the proposed joint BS selection and compression algorithm performs close to the more complex exhaustive search solution.
Transparent Conducting Cadmium‐Tin Oxide Films Deposited by RF Sputtering from a CdO ‐ SnO2 Target (1980)

Transparent conducting films of cadmium‐tin oxide (CTO) were prepared by rf sputtering from a sintered target in an Ar or an atmosphere. The electrical and optical properties of the films were found to depend upon the oxygen concentration in the gas mixture. The films with the lowest resistivity of and high optical transmission of 85% over the visible region were obtained without post‐heat‐treatment.
TEM stereo-imaging of mesoporous zeolite single crystalsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: a sequence of images. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b212646j/ (2003)

Mesoporous zeolite single crystals with intracrystalline mesopores and metal oxide particles located in the zeolite mesopore are characterised by direct TEM stereo-imaging.
A new structural concept to suppress parasitic lateral carrier injection in insulated-gate thyristors (2002)

A new Insulated-Gate Thyristor structure with the N/sup -/ base and P base regions of the thyristor coupled by a n-channel MOSFET is described. This configuration eliminates the parasitic lateral bipolar transistor present in previously reported MOS gated thyristor structures. This configuration leads to low on-state drop close to that of a 1-D thyristor and high controllable current density.
A robust algorithm for reading detection (2001)

As video cameras become cheaper and more pervasive, there is now increased opportunity for user interfaces to take advantage of user gaze data. Eye movements provide a powerful source of information that can be used to determine user intentions and interests. In this paper, we develop and test a method for recognizing when users are reading text based solely on eye-movement data. The experimental results show that our reading detection method is robust to noise, individual differences, and variations in text difficulty. Compared to a simple detection algorithm, our algorithm reliably, quickly, and accurately recognizes and tracks reading. Thus, we provide a means to capture normal user activity, enabling interfaces that incorporate more natural interactions of human and computer.
Gas sensing with long, diffusively contacted single-walled carbon nanotubes (2009)

A carbon nanotube thermal-conductivity-based pressure or gas sensor is described, which utilizes 5–10 µm long, diffusively contacted single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). Low temperature electrical transport measurements for these tubes were suggestive of a thermally activated hopping mechanism for electron localization, where a hopping energy of ∼39 meV was computed. A negative differential conductance regime was also detected in suspended tubes, released using critical point drying, at high bias voltages. The pressure or gas sensitivity increased more dramatically as the bias power was increased up to 14 µW, which was interpreted in the context of the high optical phonon density in the suspended SWNTs. Such devices are promising for use as pressure sensors, as well as for the chemical identification of species having differing gas thermal conductivities.
A POTENT INHIBITOR OF OSTEOCLASTIC BONE RESORPTION WITHIN A HIGHLY CONSERVED PENTAPEPTIDE REGION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN; PTHrP[107–lll] (1991)

We have recently shown that a carboxyl-terminal sequence of parathyroid hormone-related protein, PTHrP[107-139], is a potent direct inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption. We now report that this bone resorption inhibitory activity, which we have called osteostatin, is entirely contained within the highly conserved pentapeptide PTHrP[107-111]. Our results indicate that processing at residue 106 and a free amino terminus is required for full activity of the peptide. The retroinverted peptide is considerably less potent than the parent peptide. The retention of full biological activity in such a short fragment was unexpected. This data provides the basis for the development of further analogs with potential therapeutic use in disorders associated with increased osteoclastic bone resorption.
Loop-mirror filters based on saturable-gain or -absorber gratings (1999)

We present a novel all-fiber narrow-band filter based on pump-induced saturable-gain or-absorber gratings in a loop mirror. Our design provides built-in interferometric phase alignment of the signal to the grating for optimal filtering. Notch or bandpass functionality is determined by the choice of gain or absorption and the input ports selected for the pump and signal. The loop-mirror filter has potential bandwidths from the submegahertz to beyond the gigahertz regimes, and one can tune it optically by changing the wavelength of the pump light that establishes the grating. Such filters have potential applications to wavelength-division-multiplexed optical networks and optical rf signal processing.