gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and experimental evaluation of compact radial-inflow turbines (1991)

The application of a multistage 3D Euler solver to the aerodynamic design of two compact radial-inflow turbines is presented, along with experimental results evaluating and validating the designs. The objectives of the program were to design, fabricate, and rig test compact radial-inflow turbines with equal or better efficiency relative to conventional designs, while having 40 percent less rotor length than current traditionally-sized radial turbines. The approach to achieving these objectives was to apply a calibrated 3D multistage Euler code to accurately predict and control the high rotor flow passage velocities and high aerodynamic loadings resulting from the reduction in rotor length. A comparison of the advanced compact designs to current state-of-the-art configurations is presented.
Isotope enrichment in laser-ablation plumes (2003)

A highly-efficient isotope enrichment process is observed directly in laser-ablation plumes generated from BN, GaN, Ti, Cu, and Zn solid targets with 100-fs, 230-ps, and 6-ns pulses at 780 and 1060 nm.
Gender determination in single bovine blastomeres by polymerase chain reaction amplification of sex-specific polymorphic fragments in the amelogenin gene (1999)

A sensitive technique for the sexing of bovine embryos was developed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the bovine amelogenin (bAML) gene on the X- and Y-chromosomes of Holstein dairy cattle. Cloning and DNA sequencing showed a 45.1% homology between the fifth intron of the bAML-X and bAML-Y gene with multiple deletions. A pair of sex-specific primers was designed to allow amplification of a single fragment of 467-bp from the X-chromosome of female cattle and two fragments of 467-bp and 341-bp from the X- and Y-chromosomes of male cattle. The primers were successfully applied to bovine sexing from single blastomeres isolated from day-6 to day-7 cow embryos by direct cell lysis and PCR. Our protocol of embryo sexing should be applicable to the diagnosis of defective genes in vitro in human embryos and in other domestic or recreational animals.
Optimization of multilayered magnetic structures (1993)

This paper describes the categories of permanent magnets built with layers of different magnetic properties and determines the distribution of the remanence in the concentric layers that optimize the figure of merit. As an example, the paper shows the optimization of a two-layered structure composed of two materials with vastly different energy product values, such as a ferrite and a NdFeB alloy. The use of lower remanence material as the outer layer significantly increases the efficiency of the magnetic structure.
Methacrylate Polymer Scaffolding Enhances the Stability of Suspended Lipid Bilayers for Ion Channel Recordings and Biosensor Development (2015)

Black lipid membranes (BLMs) provide a synthetic environment that facilitates measurement of ion channel activity in diverse analytical platforms. The limited electrical, mechanical and temporal stabilities of BLMs pose a significant challenge to development of highly stable measurement platforms. Here, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA) were partitioned into BLMs and photopolymerized to create a cross-linked polymer scaffold in the bilayer lamella that dramatically improved BLM stability. The commercially available methacrylate monomers provide a simple, low cost, and broadly accessible approach for preparing highly stabilized BLMs useful for ion channel analytical platforms. When prepared on silane-modified glass microapertures, the resulting polymer scaffold-stabilized (PSS)-BLMs exhibited significantly improved lifetimes of 23 ± 9 to 40 ± 14 h and > 10-fold increase in mechanical stability, with breakdown potentials > 2000 mV attainable, depending on surface modification and polymer cross-link density. Additionally, the polymer scaffold exerted minimal perturbations to membrane electrical integrity as indicated by mean conductance measurements. When gramicidin A and α-hemolysin were reconstituted into PSS-BLMs, the ion channels retained function comparable to conventional BLMs. This approach is a key advance in the formation of stabilized BLMs and should be amenable to a wide range of receptor and ion channel functionalized platforms.
Characteristics of an isotropic 3-dimensional left-handed metamaterial composed of wired metallic spheres (2009)

Electromagnetic wave propagations in a 3-dimensional (3D) left-handed (LH) metamaterial composed of periodic wired metallic spheres are studied numerically. It is shown that the metamaterial supports the dominant 3D LH wave with negative refractive indices. Parametric studies of dependencies of the dispersion characteristics on the unit cell structure are carried out and it is shown that the isotropy can be enhanced by tuning the diagonal wire diameter and the sphere diameters.
Genetic variants near <i>TIMP3</i> and high-density lipoprotein–associated loci influence susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration (2010)

We executed a genome-wide association scan for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 2,157 cases and 1,150 controls. Our results validate AMD susceptibility loci near CFH (P < 10(-75)), ARMS2 (P < 10(-59)), C2/CFB (P < 10(-20)), C3 (P < 10(-9)), and CFI (P < 10(-6)). We compared our top findings with the Tufts/Massachusetts General Hospital genome-wide association study of advanced AMD (821 cases, 1,709 controls) and genotyped 30 promising markers in additional individuals (up to 7,749 cases and 4,625 controls). With these data, we identified a susceptibility locus near TIMP3 (overall P = 1.1 x 10(-11)), a metalloproteinase involved in degradation of the extracellular matrix and previously implicated in early-onset maculopathy. In addition, our data revealed strong association signals with alleles at two loci (LIPC, P = 1.3 x 10(-7); CETP, P = 7.4 x 10(-7)) that were previously associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels in blood. Consistent with the hypothesis that HDL metabolism is associated with AMD pathogenesis, we also observed association with AMD of HDL-c-associated alleles near LPL (P = 3.0 x 10(-3)) and ABCA1 (P = 5.6 x 10(-4)). Multilocus analysis including all susceptibility loci showed that 329 of 331 individuals (99%) with the highest-risk genotypes were cases, and 85% of these had advanced AMD. Our studies extend the catalog of AMD associated loci, help identify individuals at high risk of disease, and provide clues about underlying cellular pathways that should eventually lead to new therapies.
SLA Non-compliance Detection and Prevention in Batch Jobs (2018)

This paper reports the study done on SLA non-compliance detection and prevention in batch job systems.It sets out the task of determining optimal and the smallest set of levers to minimize SLA non-compliance at minimum impact business requirements.The methodology to address the problem consists of a four-step process that includes inputs, pre-processing, modelling & solving and post processing.This paper uses Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to achieve global optima given a set of varied constraints such as sacrosanct constraints, auxiliary constraints, reach time constraints and SLA non-compliant identifier constraints.Methodology has been tested on two sets of data-synthetic data of small size to corroborate the correctness of approach and a real batch job system data of a financial institution to test the rigor of the approach.
Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cows (1999)

Apparent transfer efficiency of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk in dairy cattle was investigated. Three levels of a fish meal-containing supplement, 4.5, 14.9, and 29.1% of dry matter intake were added to a basal diet. A linear decline (from 34% to 11%) in apparent transfer efficiency was observed, as level of supplement increased. Key words: Docosahexaenoic acid, fish meal, milk composition
Cell having chalcogenide cathode and solvated alkali metal salt electrolyte. [preferred embodiment is Li/solvated metal--Li--halogen salt/TiS/sub 2/] (1978)

A novel electrochemical cell has the following components: an anode which contains as the anode-active material an alkali metal; a cathode which contains as the cathode-active material a chalcogenide of the empirical formula M'A/sub p/, wherein M' is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, and vanadium, A is one or more chalcogens selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium, and p is a numerical value between about 1.8 and about 3.2; and a solid electrolyte consisting essentially of one or more solvated metal--alkali metal--halogen compounds of the formula ZMX/sub n/, wherein Z is an alkali metal, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Sn (stannous), P, and As, X is one or more halogens selected from the group consisting of chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine, and n is a numerical value equal to one plus the valence of the metal M. Preferred are the cells wherein the anode is lithium, the cathode contains as its cathode-active material TiS/sub 2/, and the electrolyte consists essentially of a solid solvated metal--lithium--halogen salt.
Lightning First Pulses Used in the "Last" (Time-of-Arrival) and "Atlas" (Single Station) Total Lightning Mapping Systems (1999)

The first RF pulse from total lightning' discharges (cloud and ground flashes) has been used in different ways to locate the origin of flashes in two new types of lightning detection systems. The multisensor LASI time-of-arrival (TOA) system uses GPS timing of the first pulse. The ATLAS single sensor system uses the amplitude of the first pulse, which is invariant in magnitude and polarization for all lightning discharges, to determine distance from the sensor. It is significantly more accurate than past single sensor lightning mapping systems. The polarity of the first pulse generally identifies lightning type (IC or CG). Both systems utilize only the first pulse which makes signal processing much simpler than with previous lightning locating systems. Knowing the position where lightning begins (maximum electric fields, mixed phase hydrometeors and updrafts) is valuable for identifying convective cells producing the hazardous meteorological conditions caused by thunderstorms. It is also important for research studying thunderstorm electrification and associated microphysical problems.
46.2: A Novel Laminated Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with a Multi‐Layered Graphene Top Anode (2015)

We report on a novel fabrication method for organic lightemitting diodes (OLEDs) by using a multilayered graphene (MLG) film and a lamination technique. The OLED structure with the MLG top electrode has higher transmittance and lower reflectance than the OLED structure with the conventional thin metal electrode. Moreover, higher luminous current efficiency of the device with the MLG top electrode has been achieved compared with that of the conventional bottom‐emission OLEDs with aluminum metal electrode.
Vasoactive Properties of Keratin-Derived Compounds (2011)

The apparent mechanism of vasodilation was found to be NO-mediated and isolated to a particular purified fraction, the KAP.
ChemInform Abstract: Patellazole C: A Novel Cytotoxic Macrolide from Lissoclinum patella. (1989)

Abstract In contrast to the didemnid tunicate L. patella collected in Palau which produces a family of unique, cytotoxic cyclic peptides, all containing thiazole amino acids, L. patella from the Fiji Islands produces a new family of novel thiazole‐containing polyketide metabolites, the patellazoles A‐C, (Ia)‐(Ic), respectively.
Recording process on an optical recording medium with thermal coloration (1986)

Laser recording on optical recording media with thermal coloration was investigated. The basic recording principle is a thermally induced hole opening following the chemical reaction between a coloring reagent layer and a coupler reagent layer. Sensitivity dependence on light absorbers in this optical recording medium was investigated. Almost equalized sensitivity for the three-colors recording was achieved by adjusting the thicknesses of the light absorbers.
MicroRNAs: Biological Functions and Therapeutic Opportunities.Markus Stoffel, M.D., Ph.D. (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of short non-coding RNAs that have been identified in the genomes of a wide range of organisms. They bind through imperfect base pairing with specific sequences in target mRNAs. This induces either degradation of the target mRNA or translational repression. This mechanism resembles the process of RNA interference triggered by double-stranded RNA and utilizes a similar molecular machinery. To date, dysregulated expression of miRNAs has been implicated in several disease areas. In this lecture the biological function of several miRNAs in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism will be discussed. In addition, novel approaches will be illustrated that allow the inhibition of specific miRNA in vivo and might be exploited to effectively regulate therapeutically relevant disease processes.
Neural Stem Cells Derived from Human Parthenogenetic Stem Cells Engraft and Promote Recovery in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease (2016)

Cell therapy has attracted considerable interest as a promising therapeutic alternative for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical studies have shown that grafted fetal neural tissue can achieve considerable biochemical and clinical improvements in PD. However, the source of fetal tissue grafts is limited and ethically controversial. Human parthenogenetic stem cells offer a good alternative because they are derived from unfertilized oocytes without destroying potentially viable human embryos and can be used to generate an unlimited supply of neural cells for transplantation. We have previously reported that human parthenogenetic stem cell-derived neural stem cells (hpNSCs) successfully engraft, survive long term, and increase brain dopamine (DA) levels in rodent and nonhuman primate models of PD. Here we report the results of a 12-month transplantation study of hpNSCs in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned African green monkeys with moderate to severe clinical parkinsonian symptoms. The hpNSCs manufactured under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) conditions were injected bilaterally into the striatum and substantia nigra of immunosuppressed monkeys. Transplantation of hpNSCs was safe and well tolerated by the animals with no dyskinesia, tumors, ectopic tissue formation, or other test article-related serious adverse events. We observed that hpNSCs promoted behavioral recovery; increased striatal DA concentration, fiber innervation, and number of dopaminergic neurons; and induced the expression of genes and pathways downregulated in PD compared to vehicle control animals. These results provide further evidence for the clinical translation of hpNSCs and support the approval of the world's first pluripotent stem cell-based phase I/IIa study for the treatment of PD (Clinical Trial Identifier NCT02452723).
ArtiFact: Architecture and CAD Flow for Efficient Formal Verification of SoC Security Policies (2018)

Verification of security policies represents one of the most critical, complex, and expensive steps of modern SoC design validation. SoC security policies are typically implemented as part of functional design flow, with a diverse set of protection mechanisms sprinkled across various IP blocks. An obvious upshot is that their verification requires comprehension and analysis of the entire system, representing a scalability bottleneck for verification tools. The scale and complexity of industrial SoC is far beyond the analysis capacity of state-of-the-art formal tools; even simulation-based security verification is severely limited in effectiveness because of the need to exercise subtle corner-cases across the entire system. We address this challenge by developing a novel security architecture that accounts for verification needs from the ground up. Our framework, ArtiFact, provides an alternative architecture for security policy implementation that exploits a flexible, centralized, infrastructure IP and enables scalable, streamlined verification of these policies. With our architecture, verification of system-level security policies reduces to analysis of this single IP and its interfaces, enabling off-the-shelf formal tools to successfully verify these policies. We introduce a CAD flow that supports both formal and dynamic (simulation-based) verification, and is built on top of such off-the-shelf tools. Our approach reduces verification time by over 62X and bug detection time by 34X for illustrative policies.
Metabolic Engineering of a Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase−Epimerase Pathway for Complex Polyketide Biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i><sup>,</sup> (2002)

A barrier to heterologous production of complex polyketides in Escherichia coli is the lack of (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA, a common extender substrate for the biosynthesis of complex polyketides by modular polyketide synthases. One biosynthetic route to (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA involves the sequential actions of two enzymes, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, which convert succinyl-CoA to (2R)- and then to (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA. As reported [McKie, N., et al. (1990) Biochem. J. 269, 293-298; Haller, T., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 4622-4629], when genes encoding coenzyme B(12)-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutases were expressed in E. coli, the inactive apo-enzyme was produced. However, when cells harboring the mutase genes from Propionibacterium shermanii or E. coli were treated with the B12 precursor hydroxocobalamin, active holo-enzyme was isolated, and (2R)-methylmalonyl-CoA represented approximately 10% of the intracellular CoA pool. When the E. coli BAP1 cell line [Pfeifer, B. A., et al. (2001) Science 291, 1790-1792] harboring plasmids that expressed P. shermanii methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, Streptomyces coelicolor methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, and the polyketide synthase DEBS (6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase) was fed propionate and hydroxocobalamin, the polyketide 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6-dEB) was produced. Isotopic labeling studies using [(13)C]propionate showed that the starter unit for polyketide synthesis was derived exclusively from exogenous propionate, while the extender units stemmed from methylmalonyl-CoA via the mutase-epimerase pathway. Thus, the introduction of an engineered mutase-epimerase pathway in E. coli enabled the uncoupling of carbon sources used to produce starter and extender units of polyketides.
Vaccine for Atherosclerosis: An Emerging New Paradigm (2010)

Despite many recent advances, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease continues to pose challenges to the healthcare system throughout the world. Given the limitations of current athero-preventive strategies, new therapeutic and preventive paradigms need to be explored. This chapter highlights the complex role of the immune system in atherogenesis and the potential athero-protective role of active and passive immunization strategies. Immuno-modulation with a vaccine appears feasible and effective in reducing experimental atherosclerosis, warranting clinical development. Although experimental observations are exciting, many questions about vaccination, such as choice of optimal antigens, choice of most effective adjuvants, the optimal route of administration, durability of effects and safety remain to be answered. However, we remain cautiously optimistic that a vaccine-based approach to manage atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has the potential to become a part of the armamentarium against cardiovascular disease.
Prospects for industrial remote temperature sensing using microwave radiometry (2004)

Remote temperature sensing is increasingly important in the processing of semiconductors, chemicals, plastics, rubber, and other materials. Conventional infrared sensors cannot operate in environments where suspended particles such as vapor or dust scatter thermal radiation from the object. However, longer-wavelength microwaves are not scattered by particulates that scatter infrared rays. We have developed a low-cost X-band microwave radiometer which has demonstrated temperature sensing performance superior to infrared sensors in experiments designed to simulate typical industrial situations involving suspended particles. We present data that describes the conditions under which microwave temperature sensing is more accurate than infrared sensing.
Organic Synthesis Using Metal‐Mediated Metathesis Reactions (2005)

Abstract Olefin metathesis is an established reaction, yet it is still growing and diversifying at a remarkable rate. Since 2000, there has been notable progress in a number of areas, especially the development of new catalysts, many of which have N‐heterocyclic carbenes modifying ruthenium. These include phosphine‐free ruthenium catalysts that broaden the scope of efficient ruthenium‐catalyzed olefin metathesis, as well as catalysts with N‐heterocyclic carbenes and electron‐poor phosphines having turnover frequencies >100‐fold faster than the original Grubbs catalyst. In concert with this, some excellent mechanistic experiments and theoretical work have better elucidated the structure‐reactivity relationship and subtle but important points about mechanism relative rates of phosphine. Association, dissociation, and formation of the metallacyclobutane of the ruthenium‐catalyzed reactions are leading the way to further improvements in ruthenium catalysts. Many methodological applications have also been developed, including improvements in the scope of hetereocycle and macrocycle formation. Cross metathesis (CM) has also undergone a transformation to a high yielding and stereoselective reaction that can be performed with predictable outcomes of yield and alkene stereochemistry. Great strides have been made in asymmetric olefin metathesis reactions, especially desymmetrization and kinetic resolution, with the majority of the results reported using molybdenum‐based catalysts with C 2 ‐symmetric chiral bisaryloxy based ligands. In addition, successful ruthenium‐based catalysts with C 2 ‐ and C 1 ‐symmetric ligands have been reported. Numerous reports of Tandem and sequential olefin metathesis reactions have been published, often in one‐pot, and sometimes utilizing the same metal complex for multiple operations, like ring closure/hydrogenation. A number of examples of tandem reactions utilizing a palladium catalyst and ruthenium‐catalyzed olefin metathesis have also been reported as very efficient routes to desirable organic building blocks. One of the areas that exploited olefin metathesis is natural product synthesis. There are an ever increasing number of reports that cite olefin metathesis as a key, often step saving, reaction in the successful completion of target molecules by ring closing or cross metathesis. The synthetic advantages the olefin metathesis reaction have also been employed by materials and polymer chemists as part of design strategies for constructing well‐defined polymers, substrates for combinatorial chemistry, and metal‐containing rings. The olefin metathesis catalysts have been attached to a variety of supports for the purpose of recycling. Many groups have examined methods for tethering both molybdenum and ruthenium‐based catalysts through reversibly coordinating ligands, the alkylidene and the backbone of nonlabile ligands, with reports of high efficiency recycling of up to 10 times.