gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Problems of Representation of Air Traffic Controllers in Mid-Air Litigation (1983)

conditions.'The second section of this article discusses the liability of air traffic controllers for mid-air collisions that occur in a Terminal Control Area (TCA) 2 or a Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA).s The final section of this article deals with the scope of the duties and responsibilities of air traffic controllers to prevent mid-air collisions that occur in Visual Flight Rules (VFR) conditions."IFR conditions present the greatest potential liability of the United States.There is some potential liability in TCA and TRSA situations.The least exposure to liability exists under VFR conditions.The Federal Aviation Regulations provide two distinct methods of operating aircraft.First, under IFR, which must be used when the weather conditions are below established standards, 5 aircraft proceed along routes at altitudes requested by the pilot and authorized by air traffic control.Controllers determine the distance between aircraft by applying relevant provisions of the air traffic control manuals.'This distance is necessary during IFR conditions because the pilots are generally flying in clouds and unable to see each other.Second, under VFR conditions pilots can see outside the aircraft and fly by visual rather than instrument references.'The FAA Instrument Flight Rules are codified at 14 C.F.R. 91.115-.127(1982).Instrument Flight Rules conditions exist when the ceiling and/or visibility are below certain minimums set by the FAA.In such conditions pilots are required to fly by reference to instruments rather than outside visibility.
Enhanced in vitro activity of WR99210 in combination with dapsone against Mycobacterium avium complex (1996)

WR99210, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, has promising in vitro activity against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). The in vitro activities of WR99210 alone and in combination with a fixed concentration of dapsone (0.5 microgram/ml) were evaluated against 35 clinical MAC isolates by a broth dilution method. The MIC at which 50% of isolates were inhibited (MIC50) and MIC90 of WR99210 alone were 2 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The MIC50 and MIC90 of WR99210 in combination with dapsone were 0.25 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively. Overall, 75% of the MAC isolates displayed enhanced susceptibility to the combination.
INVESTIGATION ON PHOTOINDUCED COLORATION AND MECHANISM OF FLUORANE DYE (1997)

hotoinduced coloration system consisting of fluorane dye(FR) and iodonium salt(DPIOB) was investigated. Upon irradiation, the excited fluorane dye and iodonium salt may undergo electron transfer reaction to form FR+· and IPh·2 radical pair, the latter rapidly decomposes to phenyl radical (Ph·) and iodobenze, and the color form of ring opening ester (FRPh) subsequently is formed by radical coupling between FR+· and Ph·. The structure of FRPh possesses good stability, and thus it demonstrates electron transfer reaction is one of effective pathway to improve the color stability of fluoranedye. 
OZONE ENTERS ITS AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT (2009)

The science of ozone is poised to achieve major advances in medicine. Ozone, the first sentinel gaseous layer separating earth from outer space, protects life from solar electromagnetic radiation; at the same time, in the very depths of our organisms, ozone works at molecular and cellular levels to inactivate microorganism invaders via one of the most potent weapons known to biology: oxidation.
Green Tea Catechins -Pharmacokinetic Properties and Health Beneficial Effects (2015)

In this review, we provide information on thepharmacokinetic properties of green tea catechins and their beneficial health effects. The major catechins in green tea are (-)-epicatechin (EC), its hydroxyl derivative (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and their gallic acid esters, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECg) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg). We developed an analytical method for determination of the presence of green tea catechins in human serum using ion-pair HPLC with electrochemical detection to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of target catechins. The C max values indicated that catechin absorption was relatively low. One of the gallatedcatechins, EGCg, had a longer half-life than the non-gallatedcatechins. Green tea catechins, in particular, have attracted attention as cancer preventive agents in terms of their low toxicity and being readily available to the general population. Several epidemiological studies revealed that green tea consumption reduces cancer incidence. Numerous in vitro cell culture studies have shown that EGCg, which is defined as a major green tea catechin contributing to green tea's anticancer effects, inhibits cell growth concomitant with induction of apoptosis. We have previously found that the cell death-inhibiting gene, Bcl-xL, was decreased by EGCg. These results support the hypothesis that EGCg regulates cytoplasmic NF-B and subsequently induction of apoptosis. Green tea consumption may also play a role in preventing other lifestyle diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke, due to its hypocholesterolemic and hypotensive activities. In conclusion, habitual green tea drinking may promote human health by preventing lifestyle-related diseases.
Impact of Module-X2 and Carbohydrate Binding Module-3 on the catalytic activity of associated glycoside hydrolases towards plant biomass (2017)

Cellulolytic enzymes capable of hydrolyzing plant biomass are secreted by microbial cells specifically in response to the carbon substrate present in the environment. These enzymes consist of a catalytic domain, generally appended to one or more non-catalytic Carbohydrate Binding Module (CBM), which enhances their activity towards recalcitrant biomass. In the present study, the genome of a cellulolytic microbe Paenibacillus polymyxa A18 was annotated for the presence of CBMs and analyzed their expression in response to the plant biomass and model polysaccharides Avicel, CMC and xylan using quantitative PCR. A gene that encodes X2-CBM3 was found to be maximally induced in response to the biomass and crystalline substrate Avicel. Association of X2-CBM3 with xyloglucanase and endoglucanase led to up to 4.6-fold increase in activity towards insoluble substrates. In the substrate binding study, module X2 showed a higher affinity towards biomass and phosphoric acid swollen cellulose, whereas CBM3 showed a higher affinity towards Avicel. Further structural modeling of X2 also indicated its potential role in substrate binding. Our findings highlighted the role of module X2 along with CBM3 in assisting the enzyme catalysis of agricultural residue and paved the way to engineer glycoside hydrolases for superior activity.
INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF 2-HYDROXY CHALCONE AND OTHER FLAVONOIDS ON HUMAN CANCER CELL-PROLIFERATION (1993)

The effect of thirty-one flavonoids on monolayer HeLa cell proliferation was studied and their structure activity relationship was rationalised. The flavones, flavonols and chalcones possessing the C2,3-double bond were the most potent cytotoxic groups of compounds. The IC50 values for 2-hydroxy chalcone (the most potent flavonoid) and the cytotoxic drug colchicine, were 8 muM and < 0.1 muM, respectively. Whilst colchicine was able to inhibit the incorporation of [C-14] thymidine, uridine and leucine into HeLa cells, 2-hydroxy chalcone inhibited the incorporation of the two nucleotides, but not the amino acid. This indicates that the mode of action of 2-hydroxy chalcone and colchicine are different.
Specialized Techniques for Formation Testing and Fluid Sampling in Unconsolidated Formations in Deepwater Reservoirs (2009)

Abstract Wireline formation testing (WFT) and fluid sampling has long been used for determination of reservoir pressure, evaluation of fluid type from in-situ densities, identification of fluid contacts, and inter-reservoir connectivity. Fluid sampling and downhole formation fluid analysis measurements also provide information for assessment of fluid complexity, compositional grading, and acquisition of samples for input to PVT studies. Many deepwater reservoirs comprise of young turbiditic formations, which even at great depths remain unconsolidated or only weakly cemented. Experience has shown, when sampling fluids from such formations, sand grains and solids tend to become mobilized and flow with the fluid being sampled. In some circumstances where significant formation solids and sand are mobilized, deposition of suspended solids can result in the premature ending of formation testing and sampling jobs, or require multiple trips into the well to acquire the required samples and fluid profiling stations. To limit excessive sanding and solids production, and mitigate problems of plugging during sampling operations, the conventional approach has been to reduce the pressure drawdown, and limit pump speed and flow rates. To increase tolerance to solids production during sampling operations, various filter and pump options are available for the different probe, focused probe and dual packer tools - as well as enhancements to improve pump performance in the presence of high solids content. Such approaches are not always successful. In this contribution we describe an innovative solution to unconsolidated sanding problems during sampling and advanced fluid profiling, and its practical application for deepwater exploration and appraisal operations using several field examples. Suspended solids pass through an inline filter sensor module, where the particles are trapped and deposited, allowing fluid with little or no particles to pass through the formation tester tool. This results in greater reliability and efficiency for formation testing and sampling in unconsolidated formations.
Exact image reconstruction from n-PI acquisition data in helical cone-beam CT (2005)

In helical cone-beam computerized tomography, the data within the Tam-Danielsson window is sufficient for exact reconstruction of the images. In some practical situation, the projections outside the Tam-Danielsson window are available that indicate the data redundancy. In this work, we investigate image reconstruction on n-PI lines from data within n-PI window. We performed a preliminary numerical study, and the results in these studies shown that our algorithm can exactly reconstruct images from n-PI data.
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts and Tumor Growth: Focus on Multiple Myeloma (2014)

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) comprise a heterogeneous population that resides within the tumor microenvironment. They actively participate in tumor growth and metastasis by production of cytokines and chemokines, and the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors, creating a more supportive microenvironment. The aim of the current review is to summarize the origin and characteristics of CAFs, and to describe the role of CAFs in tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we focus on the presence of CAFs in hypoxic conditions in relation to multiple myeloma disease.
Promotion of Graft Survival by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Neutralization After High-Risk Corneal Transplantation (2008)

Blocking of VEGF-A after high-risk corneal transplantation may be a novel approach to improve graft survival.
Dehydro-aromatization of cyclohexene-carboxylic acids by sulfuric acid: critical route for bio-based terephthalic acid synthesis (2013)

A novel dehydro-aromatization reaction under mild reaction conditions was successfully developed using sulfuric acid as a cost-effective and efficient oxidant. This reaction simplified the synthesis of terephthalic acid (TA, an important aromatic monomer precursor) from biomass-derived isoprene and acrylic acid.
Pengaruh Latihan Memukul Memakai Beban Karet Terhadap Kecepatan Pukulan Dalam Olahraga Karate (Survey dalam Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Karate) (2021)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh latihan memukul dengan berbeban karet terhadap kecepatan pukulan dalam olahraga karate. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain randomized group pretest post test Cross group design. Populasinya adalah pemain karate tingkat lanjutan yang ada pada perkumpulan/perguruan Institut Karate-do Nasional (INKANAS) ranting Universitas Negeri Makassar. Sampel dipilih 50 orang dari 132 orang anggota populasi. Data yang terkumpul adalah hasil tes kecepatan pukulan. Hasil tersebut dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif selanjutnya dengan uji t. Hasil dari pengolahan data menunujukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang diakibatkan oleh latihan memukul menggunakan beban karet yaitu rata-rata meningkat 6 unit kecepatan pukulan. Sedangkan pengaruh yang ditimbulakan oleh latihan tanpa beban karet hanya meningkat 3 unit kecepatan pukulan. Dengan demikian latihan tzuki berbeban karet lebih baik dari pada latihan tzuki tanpa beban karet. Urutan latihan fisik yang efektif adalah dimulai dengan latihan berbeban karet kemudian latihan tanpa penggunakan beban karet karena dapat mempengaruhi kecepatan pukulan secara rata-rata meningkat 7,70 unit kecepatan pukulan, sementara latihan memukul tanpa beban karet dilanjutkan latihan memukul dengan beban karet hanya meningkat secara rata-rata sebanyak 4,40 unit kecepatan pukulan.
Bandaging in the treatment of venous ulcers: a European view. (1997)

The principal treatment of venous ulcers in ambulatory patients in bandaging. The physiological rationale for this treatment is to improve the venous hemodynamic abnormality caused by prolonged venous hypertension due to limb venous valvular incompetency. Correct bandaging results in the reduction of limb edema and ulcer healing. A number of different bandages and combined bandaging regimens are used in the treatment of venous ulceration. Recently the European Tissue Repair Society has defined different types of bandages based on their function into four groups: (1) Extensible bandage; (2) Elastic bandage; (3) Compression bandage; and (4) Support bandage. The ability of a bandage to produce a gradient compression starting at 35 to 45 mmHG at the ankle and reducing as the bandage approaches the knee is stated in the literature as a goal of bandaging. Our studies and others have shown that routine measurements of limb circumference as an indicator of edema reduction is another way of monitoring the efficacy of the results of bandaging since edema reduction and control is associated with improved ulcer healing.
Robust human motion recognition from wide-angle images for video surveillance in nuclear power plants (2020)

Installation of surveillance cameras in nuclear power plants is critical to protecting the facilities against terrorist attacks or monitoring the reactor operator. This has led to large amounts of video surveillance data, creating a demand for automatic detection of anomalies or suspicious movements. Tracking human motion from video sequences is a notable technique used for detecting anomalies in human behavior and is currently achieved with the use of a depth camera. However, depth cameras require a complicated camera system and their field of view is limited. To overcome this problem, there is a need for recognizing human motion in wide-angle images – a view that often causes distortion. In this study, we devised a method for tracking human motion through wideangle image distortion. The main contribution of this study is a methodology that automatically estimates the transformation parameters needed to improve the accuracy of motion recognition; these parameters are applied to a distorted wide-angle image in every frame. We propose a new multi-layered convolutional neural architecture for estimating the locations of human joints in images and transformation parameters simultaneously. When applied to distorted wide-angle images, the robustness of our method is demonstrated through a quantitative evaluation of human joint location prediction. In addition, we compare our method with a motion tracking system and an infrared-camera-based motion capture system to demonstrate its ability to handle wide-angle and close-range images.
Mechanical and Functional Properties of Implanted Freeze-dried Flexor Tendons (1983)

Tendons harvested from donor dogs were freeze-dried and implanted as free allografts in the paws of recipient experimental animals; the tendons were subsequently tested for mechanical properties, clinical function, and histologic appearance. Free tendon autografts, normal tendons in the operated experimental paw, and normal tendons in the unoperated paw were used as controls and compared with the allografts. Mechanically, the free tendon allografts and autografts were similar. The ultimate strength of the two grafts was statistically the same but significantly less, about one-third, than that of normal tendons. The implanted allografts appeared to be tolerated well by the host and to allow flexor tendon function similar to that allowed by autografts. The histologic appearance of the allograft and autograft tendons was similar at three and six months. Freeze-dried flexor tendon allografting is a satisfactory alternative to free tendon autografting.
Evaluation of Collocated Measurements of Radar Reflectivity and Particle Sizes in Ice Clouds (2011)

Abstract Measured 94-GHz reflectivity in midlevel, stratiform ice clouds was compared with reflectivity calculated from size distributions determined with a particle imaging probe. The radar and the particle probe were carried on the same aircraft, the Wyoming King Air, ensuring close spatial correspondence between the two measurements. Good overall agreement was found within the range from −18 to +16 dB Z , but there is an important degree of scatter in the results. Two different assumptions about particle density led to calculated values that bracket the observations. The agreement found for reflectivity supports the use of the data for establishing relationships between the measured reflectivity and ice water content and between precipitation rate and reflectivity. The resulting equation for ice water content (IWC vs Z ) agrees with the results of Liu and Illingworth within a factor of 2 over the range of overlap between the two datasets. The equation here reported for precipitation rate (PR vs Z ) has a shallower slope in the power-law relationship than that reported by Matrosov as a consequence of sampling particles of greater densities. Because the radar and the particle probe were collocated on the same platform, errors arising from differences in sampling locations and volumes were minimized. Therefore it is concluded that the roughly factor-of-10 spread in IWC and in PR for given Z is, primarily, a result of variations in ice crystal shape and density. Retrievals of IWC and PR from cloud radar data can be expected to have that level of uncertainty.
Erectile dysfunction and radiation therapy for prostate cancer (2006)

The number of patients diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer (PC) has increased dramatically, because of routine prostate-specific antigen testing in the recent years and the possibility for cure of early disease. Radiation therapy is together with radical prostatectomy the most effective treatment for localized disease. Incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) after radiotherapy (RT) reported in the literature vary from 6% to 84% after external-beam RT to 0–51% after brachytherapy. Most of these studies are retrospective, the definition of ED is variable and sexual functioning is frequently assessed by asking only one question. Already in the 1980s it was suggested that post-radiation ED was attributable to vascular damage. More recently, a strong relationship between radiation dose and volume of the penile bulb has been found. Though, a multifactorial etiology has to be considered taking into account pre-treatment erectile function. If radiation induces vascular damage that causes ED, any means of reducing the dose to the pelvic vascular structures would likely decrease ED. Patients need to be informed about the availability of effective treatments such as PDE5-I, intracavernosal injection and vacuum devices. Le nombre de diagnostics précoces de cancer de la prostate (PC) a augmenté considérablement depuis que les techniques de dépistages par le PSA sont devenues courantes et qu'il existe une possibilité de traitement des cancers débutants. La radiothérapie avec la prostatectomie radicale sont les traitements les plus efficaces lorsque la maladie est localisée. L'incidence du dysfonctionnement érectile (DE) après radiothérapie dans la littérature varie de 6 à 84 % après radiothérapie externe à 0 à 51 % après curiethérapie. La plupart de ces études sont rétrospectives, la définition de l'ED y est variable et le fonctionnement sexuel est souvent évalué par une seule question. Déjà dans les années 1980, on attribuait la DE après radiothérapie à des dommages vasculaires. Plus récemment, une corrélation entre la dose irradiée et le volume du bulbe a été démontrée. Ainsi, doit-on envisager une origine multifactorielle prenant en compte le fonctionnement érectile avant traitement. Si la radiothérapie induit des lésions vasculaires responsables de la DE, tous moyens mis en œuvre pour réduire la dose d'irradiation vers les structures vasculaires devraient diminuer la fréquence de la DE. Les patients doivent être informés de la disponibilité de traitements efficaces comme les IPDE5, les injections intracaverneuses et les vacuum.
Interpreting Infrared, Raman, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra (2001)

Volume 1: Theory of Vibrational Spectroscopy Experimental Alkyl Carbon-Hydrogen Vibrations Alkenes and Other Compounds Containing C=C Double Bonds Alkynes and Compounds Containing C=C Groups Carboxamides, Ureas, Thioureas, Imidazolidinones, Caffeine, Isocaffeine, Uracils, Imides, Hydantoins, and s-Triazine (1H, 3H, 5H)- Triones Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic Acid Esters Organic Carbonates, Thiol Carbonates, Chloroformates, Thiol Chloroformates, Acetyl Chloride, Benzoyl Chloride, Carbamates, and an Overview of Solute-Solvent Effects Upon Carbonyl Stretching Frequencies Volume 2: Epoxides and Ethers Nitriles, Isonitriles, and Dialkyl Cyanamides Azines, Isocyanates, Isothiocyanates, and Carbodiimides Thiols, Sulfides and Disulfides, Alkanethiols, and Alkanedithiols (S--H stretching) Sulfoxides, Sulfones, Sulfates, Monothiosulfates, Sulfonyl Halides, Sulfites, Sulfonamides, Sulfonates, and N-Sulfinyl Anilines Halogenated Hydrocarbons Nitroalkanes, Nitrobenzenes, Alkyl Nitrates, Alkyl Nitrites, and Nitrosamines Phosphorus Compounds Benzene and Its Derivatives The Nyquist Vibrational Group Frequency Rule Infrared Raman and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectra-Structure Correlations for Organic Compounds