gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic impedance variations at burn–nonburn interfaces in porcine skin (1978)

The success of the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique for measurement of the depth of burn necrosis in porcine skin [Med. Phys. 4, 259–263 (1977)] has led to the present investigation of the specific acoustic impedance difference between the necrotic (burn) tissue and the underlying viable (nonburn) tissue. Experimental results show that the ultrasonic group velocities and mass densities are approximately the same in these tissues yielding average values of (1.72±0.12) ×105 cm/s for group velocity and (1.093×0.009) g/cm3 for the density. The characteristic impedance (density times velocity) differs by at most 3% between necrotic and viable tissues. Measurements of acoustic attenuation show a difference of approximately 70% between these tissues. porcine skin is due primarily to the difference in acoustic attenuation.
Novel Approach for Lateral Window Sinus Membrane Elevation Using Medical Grade Polyurethane Sponges: Case Report (2017)

Introduction: The lateral window approach for maxillary sinus augmentation is a delicate procedure that can be tedious and time consuming. This case report introduces and describes a novel approach to sinus augmentation using dense medical grade polyurethane sponges to elevate the Schneiderian membrane in a simplified manner with reduced risk for sinus membrane perforation. Case Presentation: A 55‐year‐old female patient was referred for evaluation to replace retained tooth #A with a dental implant. Clinical and radiographic assessment indicated a retained deciduous tooth, pneumatization of the maxillary sinus, and a buccal ridge deformity. Tooth #A was extracted, and sinus elevation was performed via a lateral approach by gradually introducing medical grade dense polyurethane sponges. Expansion of the sponges allowed elevation of the sinus membrane from the lateral, inferior, and medial sinus walls. Bovine bone mineral xenograft was placed into the subantral cavity and the buccal deficiency. A resorbable collagen membrane was positioned over the grafted material, covering the lateral osteotomy window. A total lift of 13.7 mm was achieved according to the cone beam computed tomography images obtained, permitting placement of a 4.1 × 10 mm dental implant. Conclusion: This case report describes a novel approach of elevating the sinus membrane by using dense polyurethane sponges to safely and gently elevate the Schneiderian membrane.
Gossypol Inhibits Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Proliferation by Targeting EGFRL858R/T790M (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several EGFR inhibitors have been used in clinical treatment of NSCLC, but the emergence of EGFR<sup>L858R/T790M</sup> resistant mutation has reduced the efficacy of the clinical used EGFR inhibitors. There is an urgent need to develop novel EGFR<sup>L858R/T790M</sup> inhibitors for better NSCLC treatment. <b>Methods:</b> By screening a natural product library, we have identified gossypol as a novel potent inhibitor targeting EGFR<sup>L858R/T790M</sup>. The activity of gossypol on NSCLC cells was evaluated by cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and cell migration assays. Kinase activity inhibition assay and molecular docking were used to study the inhibition mechanism of gossypol to EGFR<sup>L858R/T790M</sup>. Western blotting was performed to study the molecular mechanism of gossypol inhibiting the downstream pathways of EGFR. <b>Results:</b> Gossypol inhibited the cell proliferation and cell migration of NSCLC cells, and induced caspase-dependent cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells by upregulating the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAD. Molecular docking revealed that gossypol could bind to the kinase domain of EGFR<sup>L858R/T790M</sup> with good binding affinity through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Gossypol inhibited the kinase activity of EGFR<sup>L858R/T790M</sup> with EC<sub>50</sub> of 150.1 nM. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that gossypol inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signal pathways in a dose-dependent manner. <b>Conclusion:</b> Gossypol inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by targeting EGFR<sup>L858R/T790M</sup>. Our findings provided a basis for developing novel EGFR<sup>L858R/T790M</sup> inhibitors for treatment of NSCLC.
Multiparty Differential Privacy via Aggregation of Locally Trained Classifiers (2010)

As increasing amounts of sensitive personal information finds its way into data repositories, it is important to develop analysis mechanisms that can derive ag-gregate information from these repositories without revealing information about individual data instances. Though the differential privacy model provides a frame-work to analyze such mechanisms for databases belonging to a single party, this framework has not yet been considered in a multi-party setting. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving protocol for composing a differentially private ag-gregate classifier using classifiers trained locally by separate mutually untrusting parties. The protocol allows these parties to interact with an untrusted curator to construct additive shares of a perturbed aggregate classifier. We also present a detailed theoretical analysis containing a proof of differential privacy of the per-turbed aggregate classifier and a bound on the excess risk introduced by the per-turbation. We verify the bound with an experimental evaluation on a real dataset. 1
Integrated bypass battery for reverse-bias protection (2003)

When a single solar cell of a series-connect string is placed in shadow, the entire array current is forced through that cell in reverse bias. Reverse bias current can lead to "hot-spot" heating, where the power produced by the unshadowed cells is dissipated as heat in the shadowed cell. Since occasional shadows are unavoidable in most applications, most solar arrays include shadow protection to prevent damage. In current practice, shadow protection is done with a "bypass diode" on each cell, to shunt the reverse bias current if a cell is shadowed. A new method of reverse bias protection is to use an integral thin-film battery to provide voltage in the case of a shadowed cell. In this case, the shadowed cell continues to provide voltage during the transient shadow.
Liquid Crystal Response in the Evanescent Field of a Planar Waveguide (2018)

The response time of liquid crystal proximal to an aligning interface, where surface anchoring energy dominates, is quantified as a function of voltage utilizing the evanescent field of the guided mode in a planar waveguide.
Compensated differential Zernike fitting method for wavefront aberration metrology based on grating lateral shearing (2021)

Lateral shearing based on the grating is one of the classical configurations when measuring the wavefront aberration of optical systems such as the lithographic projection lens. Because the wavefront under test is spherical, but a detector surface is a plane, the coordinate of the wavefront surface will be distorted on the detector surface. As the numerical aperture (NA) of the optics under test increases, the shear ratios at different positions within the shearing region are significantly different due to the coordinate distortion. Therefore, the reconstructed wavefront from the traditional lateral-shearing reconstruction method designed for a fixed shearing ratio will contain a non-negligible error. In this work, we use the ray-tracing method to calculate the shearing ratio distribution in the shearing region and propose a compensated differential Zernike fitting method to solve the coordinate distortion and shearing ratio variation problem. The relative error of the uncompensated result will increase as the NA increases. This error is around 1% for a 0.1 NA, 10% for a 0.3 NA, and over 100% for an NA above 0.7. Compensation for the shearing ratio variation is necessary when the NA is larger than 0.3. The proposed method has been validated by simulations and experiments.
An Efficient Laboratory Method to Measure Stress-Dependent Tight Rock Permeability With the Steady-State Flow Method (2022)

The matrix permeability of tight formations is important for many geological and engineering applications, such as CO2 geological sequestration, disposal of nuclear waste, and production of unconventional hydrocarbon and coalbed methane. In the case of hydrocarbon production, the reservoir permeability decreases with decreasing pore pressure or increasing effective stress. Laboratory characterization of the relationship between matrix permeability and effective stress (and pore pressure) is generally time consuming since the current methods are based on the so-called point-by-point approach that measures one permeability data point only with one test run, and the relationship is generally represented with multiple data points. In this paper, we present a method to determine matrix permeability, its relationship with effective stress, and the Biot coefficient of a tight rock sample with three steady-state flow test runs using large pressure gradients. Unlike the traditional steady-state flow method based on linear flow theories, analytical results based on a nonlinear flow theory are used for determining the related relationship and parameters. The gas properties and permeability along the core sample vary with gas pressure and effective stress, while the traditional method treats them as constants for a given test run. To get the same set of parameters, our method only requires three test runs, and each test run of our method takes a much shorter time than the traditional method because our method is based on nonlinear flow theory and thus allows for the use of large pressure gradients. Comparisons of the permeability measurements with those obtained using traditional methods and numerical simulations demonstrate that our new method can get satisfactory results.
A novel p38 MAPK docking-groove-targeted compound is a potent inhibitor of inflammatory hyperalgesia (2014)

The MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) p38 is an important mediator of inflammation and of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. We have described recently that docking-groove-dependent interactions are important for p38 MAPK-mediated signal transduction. Thus virtual screening was performed to identify putative docking-groove-targeted p38 MAPK inhibitors. Several compounds of the benzo-oxadiazol family were identified with low micromolar inhibitory activity both in a p38 MAPK activity assay, and in THP-1 human monocytes acting as inhibitors of LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) secretion. Positions 2 and 5 in the phenyl ring are essential for the described inhibitory activity with a chloride in position 5 and a methyl group in position 2 yielding the best results, giving an IC₅₀ value of 1.8 μM (FGA-19 compound). Notably, FGA-19 exerted a potent and long-lasting analgesic effect in vivo when tested in a mouse model of inflammatory hyperalgesia. A single intrathecal injection of FGA-19 completely resolved hyperalgesia, being 10-fold as potent and displaying longer lasting effects than the established p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063. FGA-19 also reversed persistent pain in a model of post-inflammatory hyperalgesia in LysM (lysozyme M)-GRK2 (G-protein-coupled-receptor kinase)(+/-) mice. These potent in vivo effects suggested p38 MAPK docking-site-targeted inhibitors as a potential novel strategy for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
RTRB-23SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PERMITTIVITY AND CONDUCTIVITY ON ALTERNATING ELECTRIC FIELDS THERAPY FOR RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA (2015)

BACKGROUND: The NovoTTF Therapy device uses two pairs of arrays to deliver frequency-tuned alternating electric fields at 200 kHz to treat recurrent glioblastoma. Although its efficacy is equivalent to chemotherapies, the precise distribution of the electric fields within the brain remains poorly understood. METHODS: We performed computerized simulation to determine the electric field distribution inside a patient's brain with a right parietal recurrent glioblastoma, using co-registered post-gadolinium T1-weighted, T2 and MP RAGE MRI images together with pre-specified relative permittivity and conductivity values for each of the cerebral structures. RESULTS: We found higher field strength at the scalp surface, ventricular horns and the medial surface of the tumor. Because the mass density and charges may vary among tumors, particularly when there is variation on the cystic make-up of the necrotic tumor, we performed a sensitivity analysis to investigate the relative contribution of permittivity and conductivity parameters to changes in the electric field distribution. Within the solid portion of the gross tumor volume (GTV), we found no variation in electric field strength from changes in permittivity from 0.001-10,000, mean electric field strength from 81.156 to 78.854 V/m, but marked variation from changes in conductivity from 0.001-100 S/m, mean electric field strength from 131.22 to 1.1463 V/cm. Within the necrotic core of the GTV, we also found no variation in electric field strength from changes in permittivity from 0.001-10,000, mean electric field strength from 39.456 to 40.180 V/m, but again marked variation from changes in conductivity from 0.001-100 S/m, mean electric field strength from 43.074 to 7.2933 V/cm. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that conductivity of the tumor plays a greater role than permittivity in the electric field distribution from NovoTTF Therapy.
Assessment of the IgA Immunosorbent Agglutination Assay for the Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis on a Series of 145 Toxoplasmic Seroconversions (2015)

A retrospective analysis of 145 medical records from our teaching hospital laboratory showed an overall specificity of greater than 97% for the IgA immunosorbent agglutination assay (ISAGA A) performed on the sera of babies to diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). These actualized data emphasize the ability of this test to confirm a diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Validation of Multiplex Polymorphic STR Amplification Sets Developed for Personal Identification Applications (1996)

Abstract Polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) loci, which typically consist of variations in the number of 3–7 base pair repeats present at a site, provide an effective means of personal identification. Typing can be accomplished by amplification of genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and locus-specific primers, separation of amplified alleles using gel electrophoresis and their display using silver staining or fluorescent detection. Primers for several STR loci can be combined in a single multiplex reaction so typing of multiple loci can be accomplished rapidly and with less DNA than required if each locus were analyzed separately. Before such multiplex systems are used in forensic or paternity applications, it is desirable that they undergo testing for their reliability. This study evaluates the performance of two STR triplex systems, one containing the loci HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX, and HUMTH01, and the other containing HUMHPRTB, HUMFESFPS, and HUMVWFA31. Protocols for amplification of these two triplexes, and their corresponding monoplexes, were evaluated for sensitivity of detection, resistance to changes in the annealing temperature of the amplification protocol, and the ability to identify the minority contributor in amplification of mixed samples. In addition, five laboratories determined the alleles of twenty DNA samples, each extracted by one of four different extraction methods. The results illustrate that the two STR triplex systems and the monoplex systems contained within them can be used with as little as 0.25 ng of DNA template. Both triplexes amplified with 100% success using the Perkin Elmer Model 480 thermal cycler. With the GeneAmp 9600 System, the CTT triplex amplified with 100% success and the HFv triplex in 95.6% of attempts. These experiments meet many requirements for use in validation of DNA typing systems for forensic cases and paternity identification.
Bioinspired surfaces for turbulent drag reduction (2016)

In this review, we discuss how superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) can provide friction drag reduction in turbulent flow. Whereas biomimetic SHSs are known to reduce drag in laminar flow, turbulence adds many new challenges. We first provide an overview on designing SHSs, and how these surfaces can cause slip in the laminar regime. We then discuss recent studies evaluating drag on SHSs in turbulent flow, both computationally and experimentally. The effects of streamwise and spanwise slip for canonical, structured surfaces are well characterized by direct numerical simulations, and several experimental studies have validated these results. However, the complex and hierarchical textures of scalable SHSs that can be applied over large areas generate additional complications. Many studies on such surfaces have measured no drag reduction, or even a drag increase in turbulent flow. We discuss how surface wettability, roughness effects and some newly found scaling laws can help explain these varied results. Overall, we discuss how, to effectively reduce drag in turbulent flow, an SHS should have: preferentially streamwise-aligned features to enhance favourable slip, a capillary resistance of the order of megapascals, and a roughness no larger than 0.5, when non-dimensionalized by the viscous length scale.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science'.
Nanocrystal bilayer for tandem catalysis (2012)

Supported catalysts are widely used in industry and can be optimized by tuning the composition and interface of the metal nanoparticles and oxide supports. Rational design of metal-metal oxide interfaces in nanostructured catalysts is critical to achieve better reaction activities and selectivities. We introduce here a new class of nanocrystal tandem catalysts that have multiple metal-metal oxide interfaces for the catalysis of sequential reactions. We utilized a nanocrystal bilayer structure formed by assembling platinum and cerium oxide nanocube monolayers of less than 10 nm on a silica substrate. The two distinct metal-metal oxide interfaces, CeO2-Pt and Pt-SiO2, can be used to catalyse two distinct sequential reactions. The CeO2-Pt interface catalysed methanol decomposition to produce CO and H2, which were subsequently used for ethylene hydroformylation catalysed by the nearby Pt-SiO2 interface. Consequently, propanal was produced selectively from methanol and ethylene on the nanocrystal bilayer tandem catalyst. This new concept of nanocrystal tandem catalysis represents a powerful approach towards designing high-performance, multifunctional nanostructured catalysts
Novel Approaches to the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia (1995)

Alopecia is a common and most distressing side effect of cancer chemotherapy. Although of no prognostic significance, alopecia can impact heavily on the quality of life in the cancer patient. Thus, in a recent study, 35 of 46 patients receiving chemotherapy ranked alopecia as a more important side effect than vomiting (1). There are currently no satisfactory methods to prevent it. Our work using the young rat model has provided new insight into the problem and has opened new avenues for further investigation. Furthermore some of the agents we have recently used successfully to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia in the young rat have excellent potential applicability in the clinical setting.
Architecture of an all optical de-multiplexer for spatially multiplexed channels (2013)

Multiple channels of light can propagate through a multimode fiber without interfering with each other and can be independently detected at the output end of the fiber using spatial domain multiplexing (SDM). Each channel forms a separate concentric ring at the output. The typical single pin-diode structure cannot simultaneously detect and demultiplex the multiple channel propagation supported by the SDM architecture. An array of concentric circular pindiodes can be used to simultaneously detect and de-multiplex the SDM signals; however, an all optical solution is generally preferable. This paper presents simple architecture for an all optical SDM de-multiplexer.
Thiophenes and Acetylenes: Phototoxic Agents to Herbivorous and Blood-Feeding Insects (1987)

Thiophenes and acetylenes of the plant family Asteraceae have been found to be highly phototoxic to insects. Effects on herbivorous insects include formation of necrotic lesions, growth reduction and mortality. Mosquito larvae can be controlled at concentrations as low as a few parts per billion. Efficient synthetic methods have been developed to produce naturally occurring compounds and derivatives for laboratory and field trials. A high temperature dilute acid technique has produced tritiated phototoxins for pharmacokinetic studies in insects. In fundamental studies on the photosensitization mechanism, laser flash photolysis has been used to determine triplet lifetimes of the sensitizer, rates of energy transfer to O2 and electron transfer to acceptor, or from donor molecules. The available information suggests that this group of phototoxins has excellent potential for development as insecticides.
A Highly Selective Low-Background Fluorescent Imaging Agent for Nitric Oxide (2010)

We introduce a novel sensing mechanism for nitric oxide (NO) detection with a particular easily synthesized embodiment (NO(550)), which displays a rapid and linear response to NO with a red-shifted 1500-fold turn-on signal from a dark background. Excellent selectivity was observed against other reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, pH, and various substances that interfere with existing probes. NO(550) crosses cell membranes but not nuclear membranes and is suitable for both intra- and extracellular NO quantifications. Good cytocompatibility was found during in vitro studies with two different cell lines. The high specificity, dark background, facile synthesis, and low pH dependence make NO(550) a superior probe for NO detection when used as an imaging agent.
Systems Pathology Approach for the Prediction of Prostate Cancer Progression After Radical Prostatectomy (2008)

The integration of clinicopathologic variables with imaging and biomarker data (systems pathology) resulted in a highly accurate tool for predicting CF within 5 years after prostatectomy. The data support a role for AR signaling in clinical progression and duration of response to ADT.
Swift (2015)

Efficient and robust wireless stereo video delivery is an enabling technology for various mobile 3D applications. Existing digital solutions have high source coding efficiency but are not robust to channel variations, while analog solutions have the opposite characteristics. In this paper, we design a novel hybrid digital-analog (HDA) solution to embrace the advantages of both solutions and avoid their drawbacks. Basically, in each pair of stereo frames, one frame is digitally encoded to ensure basic quality and the other is analogly processed to opportunistically utilize good channels for better quality. To improve the system efficiency, we design a zigzag coding structure such that both intra-view and inter-view correlations can be explored through prediction in the frames to be analogly coded. A reference selection mechanism is proposed to further improve the coding efficiency. In addition, we address the problem of optimal power and bandwidth allocation between digital and analog streams. We implement a system, named Swift, and perform extensive trace-driven evaluations based on a software-defined radio platform. We show that Swift outperforms an omniscient digital scheme under the same bandwidth and power constraints, or can have around 2x power saving in order to achieve comparable performance. Subjective quality assessment evidences that Swift provides significantly better visual quality than a straightforward HDA extension of SoftCast.