gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional signal detection in retinal videos (2003)

An optical imaging device of retina function (OID-RF) has been developed to perform measurements of changes in blood perfusion due to neural activity resulting from visual stimulation of the photoreceptors in the human retina. Experiments were performed by measuring the changes in reflected long wave visible (700 nm) light from the retina caused by the retinal activation in response to a visual stimulus. The problem being addressed is that of detecting the signal from the retinal activation in the presence of noise from other sources, including the unstimulated retinal background and other unknown physiological changes. Preprocessing of the raw data was done to eliminate unwanted artifacts, such as blinking or excessive eye movement. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to isolate the functional signal. The results of the analysis showed that regions of the retina that were stimulated could be detected using PCA.
Development of Low Loss, Wide Bandwidth Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers (2013)

We present a detailed overview of progress in the development of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers with improved transmission and modal properties which demonstrates the feasibility and potential of this fiber solution for future telecom systems.
Titanium-mediated carbonyl olefinations. 2. Benzylidenations of carbonyl compounds with dibenzyl titanocene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitanium-mediated carbonyl olefinations. 2. Benzylidenations of carbonyl compounds with dibenzyl titanoceneNicos A. Petasis and Eugene I. BzowejCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 5, 1327–1330Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00031a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00031a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views865Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Modified-release oral calcifediol corrects vitamin D insufficiency with minimal CYP24A1 upregulation (2014)

Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and increased risk of bone and vascular disease. Unfortunately, supplementation of stage 3 or 4 CKD patients with currently recommended vitamin D2 or D3 regimens does not reliably restore serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D to adequacy (≥30ng/mL) or effectively control SHPT. Preclinical and clinical studies were conducted to evaluate whether the effectiveness of vitamin D repletion depends, at least in part, on the rate of repletion. A modified-release (MR) oral formulation of calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) was developed which raised serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcitriol levels gradually. Single doses of either bolus intravenous (IV) or oral MR calcifediol were administered to vitamin D deficient rats. Bolus IV calcifediol produced rapid increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, calcitriol and FGF23, along with significant induction of CYP24A1 in both kidney and parathyroid gland. In contrast, oral MR calcifediol produced gradual increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcitriol and achieved similar hormonal exposure, yet neither CYP24A1 nor FGF23 were induced. A 10-fold greater exposure to bolus IV than oral MR calcifediol was required to similarly lower intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Single doses of oral MR (450 or 900μg) or bolus IV (450μg) calcifediol were administered to patients with stage 3 or 4 CKD, SHPT and vitamin D insufficiency. Changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcitriol and in plasma iPTH were determined at multiple time-points over the following 42 days. IV calcifediol produced abrupt and pronounced increases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcitriol, but little change in plasma iPTH. As in animals, these surges triggered increased vitamin D catabolism, as evidenced by elevated production of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. In contrast, MR calcifediol raised serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcitriol gradually, and meaningfully lowered plasma iPTH levels. Taken together, these studies indicate that rapid increases in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 trigger CYP24A1 and FGF23 induction, limiting effective exposure to calcitriol and iPTH reduction in SHPT. They also support further investigation of gradual vitamin D repletion for improved clinical effectiveness. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "17th Vitamin D Workshop".
Fullerene-like Nanoparticles of Titanium Disulfide (2005)

TiS2 nanoparticles with nested fullerene-like structure (IF) 60-120 nm in size consisting of up to 100 concentric molecular layers and having quite a perfectly spherical shape were obtained by reacting TiCl4 and H2S using first a horizontal and subsequently a vertical reactor. The proposed growth mechanism of these nanoparticles, i.e. nucleation and growth, is radically different from the one proposed for the growth of the fullerene-like WS2 from the respective oxide nanoparticles. It was found that adding 1-2% IF-TiS2 improves the behavior of lubricating oil substantially. The improved performance of the additive was attributed to the nearly spherical shape of the nanoparticles which promotes rolling friction.
Expression and release of LAG‐3‐encoded protein by human CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells are associated with IFN‐γ production (1996)

The lymphocyte activation gene (LAG) -3 is a member of the immunoglobulin super-family that is selectively transcribed in human activated T and NK cells. In this work, the possibility that LAG-3 expression by human CD4+ T cells was preferentially related to one or another phenotype of cytokine secretion was investigated. Surface LAG-3 expression correlated with IFN-gamma, but not IL-4, production in antigen-stimulated T cells and it was up-regulated by IL-12. Most activated CD4+ T cell clones with established Th1 or Th0 profiles of cytokine secretion expressed LAG-3 on their surface, whereas the great majority of Th2 clones showed neither surface LAG-3 nor LAG-3 mRNA expression. After activation, the majority of CD4+ T cell clones also released soluble LAG-3-related peptides, and such a release correlated positively with the production of IFN-gamma and inversely with the production of IL-4. Thus, LAG-3 expression by activated CD4+ human T cells appear to be preferentially associated with the differentiation/activation pathway leading to the production of IFN-gamma.
Syntheses and Superoxide Dismuting Activities of Partially (1−4) <i>β</i>-Chlorinated Derivatives of Manganese(III) <i>m</i><i>eso</i>-Tetrakis(<i>N</i>-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (1998)

Manganese(III) β-mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrachloro-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnClxTE-2-PyP5+, with x from 1 to 4) were prepared through β-chlorination of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)porphyrin (H2T-2-PyP) followed by N-ethylation and metallation. Metal centered redox potentials and superoxide dismutation activities were measured. Starting from MnTE-2-PyP5+, whose redox potential and the related superoxide dismutation activity were E°1/2 = +228 mV vs NHE and kcat = 5.7 × 107 M-1 s-1, respectively, the average increase of 55 mV in the redox potential per added chlorine was accompanied by a 65% increase in the rate constant. With E°1/2 = +448 mV, the tetrachlorinated derivative MnCl4TE-2-PyP5+ exhibited the highest superoxide dismuting rate kcat = 4.0 × 108 M-1 s-1. The relationship between the redox properties (thermodynamic and kinetic factors) and the superoxide dismuting activity of such compounds is discussed.
<title>Packaging of optical MEMS devices</title> (2001)

Recently, optical MEMS devices have gained considerable attention in the telecommunications industry -- particularly in the optical networking and switching arenas. Since optical MEMS are micro-systems which rely on high precision optics, electronics and mechanics working in close concert, these emerging devices pose some unique packaging challenges yet to be addressed by the general packaging industry. Optical MEMS packages often are required to provide both optical and electrical access, hermeticity, mechanical strength, dimensional stability and long-term reliability. Hermetic optical access necessitates the use of metallized and anti- reflection coated windows, and ever-increasing electrical I/O count has prompted the use of higher density substrate/package technologies. Taking these requirements into consideration, we explore three ceramic packaging technologies, namely High Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (HTCC), Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) and thin-film ceramic technologies. In this paper, we describe some optical MEMS packages designed using these three technologies and discuss their substrate designs, package materials, ease of integration and assembly.
Synthesis, characterization and myocardial uptake of cationic bis(arene)technetium(I) complexes (1991)

A series of bis(arene)technetium(I) complexes has been synthesized from 99mTcO4- in order to study their organ distribution. Syntheses using either ultrasound/Al/AlCl3 or Zn/HCl gave products relatively free from transalkylation. The identity of the complexes was verified by comparison to the 99Tc complexes. Equivalence of the 99Tc and 99mTc complexes was demonstrated by HPLC techniques. Biodistribution studies in rats reveal substantial myocardial uptake for many members of the series, especially those containing benzene rings substituted with about four to six carbon atoms. The myocardial uptake is related to the lipophilicity of the complexes as measured by octanol/buffer partition ratios (OBPR). Optimal ranges of lipophilicity for maximal myocardial uptake occur for OBPR from 2 to 9. Rat and human plasma binding of the complexes increases with lipophilicity after a threshold value is exceeded.
Ex‐Vivo results using a new pullback atherectomy catheter (pac) (1990)

In order to evaluate the feasibility of performing definitive atheromatous plaque removal using a novel retrograde cutting (Pullback) atherectomy catheter, pullback atherectomy was performed in 13 severely diseased cadaveric superficial femoral arteries. All experiments were performed using cadaver tissue either mounted in a perfusion/mounting chamber (n = 10) or left in situ (n = 3). In general, a single cut was made with each of three sequentially larger atherectomy catheters (2.5 mm, 3.0 mm, and then 3.5 mm devices). The results were evaluated by angiography and by light microscopy. Nine of the 13 experiments were performed in totally occluded vessels. The mean pre-atherectomy stenosis (all specimens) was 95 +/- 3%, with a final mean postatherectomy stenosis of 21 +/- 5%. There was one vessel performation. We conclude from these preclinical studies that retrograde atherectomy with the Pullback Atherectomy Catheter is a feasible means of performing definitive atherectomy. Despite the promising potential of retrograde atherectomy, little can be said with certainty about the clinical utility of such a device at this early stage.
Benzodiazepine‐Based Selective Inhibitors of Mitochondrial F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>0</sub> ATP Hydrolase. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evaluation of the Analgesic Properties of Zomepirac (1980)

Zomepirac, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, was evaluated for analgesic activity in a number of pharmacological screens. In the acetylcholine writhing test, zomepirac was found to be more potent than codeine, pentazocine, aspirin, and acetaminophen and equivalent in potency to morphine. Zomepirac was inactive in a number of tests that detect narcotic agents, suggesting that the drug will not induce physical dependence. The possibility of a central nonnarcotic as well as a peripheral analgesic mechanism merits consideration.
Timestamp snooping (2000)

Symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) servers provide superior performance for the commercial workloads that dominate the Internet. Our simulation results show that over one-third of cache misses by these applications result in cache-to-cache transfers, where the data is found in another processor's cache rather than in memory. SMPs are optimized for this case by using snooping protocols that broadcast address transactions to all processors. Conversely, directory-based shared-memory systems must indirectly locate the owner and sharers through a directory, resulting in larger average miss latencies.This paper proposes timestamp snooping, a technique that allows SMPs to i) utilize high-speed switched interconnection networks and ii) exploit physical locality by delivering address transactions to processors and memories without regard to order. Traditional snooping requires physical ordering of transactions. Timestamp snooping works by processing address transactions in a logical order. Logical time is maintained by adding a few bits per address transaction and having network switches perform a handshake to ensure on-time delivery. Processors and memories then reorder transactions based on their timestamps to establish a total order.We evaluate timestamp snooping with commercial workloads on a 16-processor SPARC system using the Simics full-system simulator. We simulate both an indirect (butterfly) and a direct (torus) network design. For OLTP, DSS, web serving, web searching, and one scientific application, timestamp snooping with the butterfly network runs 6-28% faster than directories, at a cost of 13-43% more link traffic. Similarly, with the torus network, timestamp snooping runs 6-29% faster for 17-37% more link traffic. Thus, timestamp snooping is worth considering when buying more interconnect bandwidth is easier than reducing interconnect latency.
Forward search with discontinuous probabilities for online handwriting recognition (1999)

Tree structured time-synchronous search methods have proven to be very effective in speech recognition systems, providing a framework in which information about words and language structure can be easily added. It is desirable to apply these same methods to handwriting. However, to apply these search methods it is necessary that every hypothesis can be scored at every point in time, and these scores must accumulate monotonically as the search proceeds. Many of the most efficient character recognizers in online handwriting recognition systems do not provide scores that meet these constraints. If these constraints aren't met, the search algorithm can no longer prune theories based on their scores lending to an impractical search space size. This paper describes a novel method and protocol that allows discontinuous probability scores of the type produced by many character recognizers to be used with tree structured search methods such as beam and Viterbi search.
One-Pot Preparation of mRNA/cDNA Display by a Novel and Versatile Puromycin-Linker DNA (2011)

A rapid, easy, and robust preparation method for mRNA/cDNA display using a newly designed puromycin-linker DNA is presented. The new linker is structurally simple, easy to synthesize, and cost-effective for use in "in vitro peptide and protein selection". An introduction of RNase T1 nuclease site to the new linker facilitates the easy recovery of mRNA/cDNA displayed protein by an improvement of the efficiency of ligating the linker to mRNAs and efficient release of mRNA/cDNA displayed protein from the solid-phase (magnetic bead). For application demonstration, affinity selections were successfully performed. Furthermore, we introduced a "one-pot" preparation protocol to perform mRNA display easy. Unlike conventional approaches that require tedious and downstream multistep process including purification, this protocol will make the mRNA/cDNA display methods more practical and convenient and also facilitate the development of next-generation, high-throughput mRNA/cDNA display systems amenable to automation.
Automated mass spectrometer/analysis system: A concept (1975)

System performs rapid multiple analyses of entire compound classes or individual compounds on small amounts of sample and reagent. Method will allow screening of large populations for metabolic disorders and establishment of effective-but-safe levels of therapeutic drugs in body fluids and tissues.
Adenovirus vector technology: An efficient method for constructing recombinant adenovirus and on/off switching of gene expression (1996)

An efficient method of constructing recombinant adenoviruses (Ad) has been established. The expression unit to be introduced into recombinant Ad was first inserted into the unique SwaI site of the full-length Ad genome cloned in a cassette cosmid. The cassette bearing the expression unit was then cotransfected to 293 cells together with the Ad DNA-terminal protein complex digested at several sites with EcoT22I. The use of the parent Ad DNA-terminal protein complex instead of the deproteinized Ad genome DNA allowed very efficient recovery of the desired recombinant Ad, and the restriction digestion drastically reduced regeneration of the parent virus. This method may facilitate the application of recombinant Ad and should be useful for further improvement of Ad vectors. Also a recombinant adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase derived from bacteriophage P1 was constructed. To assay the Cre activity in mammalian cells, another recombinant Ad bearing an on/off switching reporter unit, where a LacZ-expression unit can be activated by the Cre-mediated excisional deletion of an interposed stuffer DNA, was also constructed. Co-infection experiments together with the Cre-expressing and the reporter recombinant Ad showed that the Cre-mediated switching of gene expression was detected in nearly 100% of cultured CV1 cells. These results suggest that the recombinant Ad efficiently expressed functional Cre and offers a basis for establishing a powerful on/off switching strategy of gene expression in cultured mammalian cells and presumably in future gene therapy.
A photochemical detection of methylcytosine by using hydrophobic interaction (2009)

In this paper, the nonenzymatic detection of 5-methylcytosine with high selectivity is described. We present a new methylation detection method by using template-directed photoligation through 5-cyanovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine ((C)U). Significantly, the photoligation yield of the 5-methylcytosine case was approximately 9.1-fold higher than that in the case of cytosine.
An incremental principal component pursuit algorithm via projections onto the ℓ<inf>1</inf> ball (2017)

Video background modeling, used to detect moving objects in digital videos, is a ubiquitous pre-processing step in computer vision applications. Principal Component Pursuit (PCP) PCP is among the leading methods for this problem. In this paper we proposed a new convex formulation for PCP, substituting the standard ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> regularization with a projection onto the ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> -ball. This formulation offers an advantage over the known incremental PCP methods in practical parameter selection and ghosting suppression, while retaining the ability to be implemented in a fully incremental fashion, keeping all the desired properties related to such PCP methods (low memory footprint, adaptation to changes in the background, computational complexity that allows online processing).
Native Client (2009)

research-article Share on Native Client: a sandbox for portable, untrusted x86 native code Authors: Bennet Yee Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile , David Sehr Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile , Gregory Dardyk Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile , J. Bradley Chen Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile , Robert Muth Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile , Tavis Ormandy Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile , Shiki Okasaka Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile , Neha Narula Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile , Nicholas Fullagar Google, Inc., Mountainview, CA Google, Inc., Mountainview, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 53Issue 1January 2010pp 91–99https://doi.org/10.1145/1629175.1629203Published:01 January 2010Publication History 66citation6,160DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations66Total Downloads6,160Last 12 Months197Last 6 weeks17 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
State-of-the-Art of Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels (1991)

Maher K. Tadros Cheryl W. Prewett Professor of Civil Engineering and Director Center for Infrastructure Research University of Nebraska Omaha, Nebraska Precast Concrete Sandwich Panels (PCSP), used as exterior walls in multi-unit residential, commercial, and warehouse buildings, are structurally and thermally efficient building elements, and they are in use worldwide; yet, there is very limited available information on the various design, production and construction philosophies. This paper presents the PCSP systems most widely used in North America and Europe as exterior walls for low rise commercial and warehouse buildings. The constituents of these panels are described, and some of the limited available research results are discussed. The theory of analysis for volume change effects is explained and numerical examples are given. A discussion of issues in need of further research is provided. Some widely used PCSP systems in North America and Europe are described in Appendix A, and the names of producers are included for further reference.
T-ray imaging (1996)

The use of terahertz pulses for imaging has opened new possibilities for scientific and industrial applications in the terahertz frequency range. In this article, we describe the technology necessary to perform terahertz "T-ray" imaging, novel imaging techniques, and commercial applications of T-ray imaging.