gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Electromagnetic Micro Power Generator for Low-Frequency Environmental Vibrations Based on the Frequency Upconversion Technique (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a microelectromechanical-system-based electromagnetic vibration-to-electrical power generator that can harvest energy from low-frequency external vibrations. The efficiency of vibration-based harvesters is proportional to excitation frequency, so the proposed generator is designed to convert low-frequency environmental vibrations to a higher frequency by employing the frequency upconversion (FupC) technique. It has been shown that the generator can effectively harvest energy from environmental vibrations of 70–150 Hz and generates 0.57-mV voltage with 0.25-nW power from a single cantilever by upconverting the input vibration frequency of 95 Hz–2 kHz. The fabricated generator size is <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$8.5\! \times\! 7\! \times \! 2.5 \ \hbox{mm}^{3}$</tex></formula>, and a total of 20 serially connected cantilevers have been used to multiply the generated voltage and power. The generator demonstrated in this paper is designed for the proof of concept, and the power and voltage levels can further be increased by increasing the number of cantilevers or coil turns. The performance of the generator is also compared with that of a same-sized <emphasis emphasistype="boldital"> custom-made</emphasis> traditional magnet–coil-type generator and with that of a traditional generator from the literature to prove its effectiveness.<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hfill$</tex></formula>[2009-0136] </para>
On the use of computational geometry to detect software faults at runtime (2010)

Despite advances in software engineering, software faults continue to cause system downtime. Software faults are difficult to detect before the system fails, especially since the first symptom of a fault is often system failure itself.
Magnetically induced pulser laser excitation (1985)

A novel excitation scheme has been developed for excimer discharge lasers. The technique uses pulse transformer technology to induce a fast, high voltage pulse directly onto a ground potential laser electrode resulting in the breakdown of the laser gas mix. Saturation of the pulse transformer core inductance then permits efficient energy transfer from the main energy storage circuit into the discharge. When this excitation technique was used in a XeCl laser an output energy density of 2.5 J/l and an overall electrical to optical efficiency of 2% were obtained. The technique appears promising for the development of high energy, high average power excimer lasers.
Static and Differential Quantization Codebook Design for MIMO Precoding Systems (2007)

We treat the problem of quantization codebook design for MIMO precoding schemes. We propose a design criterion based on the capacity measure which is different from the maximum mutual-minimum-distance conventionally used to design the codebook. The latter criterion is derived from SNR maximization which is not necessarily the capacity- optimal quantization strategy. While the capacity expression does not directly define a valid distance metric for the design, a bound on the capacity expression can be used to formulate the quantization codebook design. We introduce a new distance metric on the Grassmanian manifold which is used to design the optimal precoder codebook. While the original formulation can be used for the (space) correlated channel model, we propose a differential codebook design in order to track changes in the channel statistics when the channel is correlated in time (or in frequency, e.g., across different tones in OFDM systems). Simulation results has shown considerable improvement through the proposed codebook design both for single user (SU-) and multiple user (MU-) MIMO systems.
Optical microcantilever consisting of channel waveguide for scanning near‐field optical microscopy controlled by atomic force (1999)

We develop a novel optical microcantilever for scanning near-field optical microscopy controlled by atomic force mode (SNOM/AFM). The optical microcantilever has the bent channel waveguide, the corner of which acts as aperture with a large tip angle. The resonance frequency of the optical microcantilever is 9 kHz, and the spring constant is estimated to be 0.59 N/m. The optical microcantilever can be operated in contact mode of SNOM/AFM and we obtain the optical resolution of about 200 nm, which is as same size as the diameter of aperture. We confirm that the throughput of optical microcantilever with an aperture of 170 nm diameter would be improved to be more than 10(-5).
Coal pretreatment for two stage liquefaction. Quarterly report, July 1-September 30, 1985 (1985)

The overall objectives of the contract are to investigate the fundamental problems and technical feasibility of selectively separating coal constituents and to determine the effects of the substantial removal of inorganic components or individual macerals on coal liquefaction. Experiments using tubing bomb reactors have shown that low-severity catalytic hydrogenation, prior to reaction at higher temperatures, can promote overall conversion and can advantageously influence product selectivity. Namely, the oil to asphaltene ratio is enhanced with little or no attendant increase in gas make. The results of further exploratory experiments indicate that this performance can be further improved through the judicious selection of reaction conditions and through altering the composition of the liquefaction solvent. Work has continued in assembling the autoclave reactor system. It is anticipated that the system will be in operation by November. 6 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Measurement of the intensity and phase of ultrashort pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser using frequency-resolved optical gating (1994)

Recently, we developed a simple and general technique, which we call Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG), that succeeds in measuring the full intensity and phase evolution of an individual, arbitrary ultrashort pulse.1–3 In brief, FROG involves measuring the pulse spectrogram, i.e., the spectrum of the signal pulse in an auto- or cross-correlation (using any instantaneous nonlinearity), yielding signal intensity vs. delay and frequency.
Fluidic photonic integrated circuit for in-line detection (2005)

We present a microfabricated fluidic photonic integrated circuit (FPIC) performing the detection function for flow cytometry. This device was entirely made of polymer using micromolding and capillary filling techniques. An array waveguide design was chosen to achieve superb sensitivity and the time-of-flight measurement for each particle flowing by. With multichannel sampling and cross-correlation analysis, the results show significant enhancement of detection sensitivity.
SiO<sub>2</sub> thin film growth through a pure atomic layer deposition technique at room temperature (2020)

In this study, less contaminated and porous SiO<sub>2</sub> films were grown <i>via</i> ALD at room temperature. In addition to the well-known catalytic effect of ammonia, the self-limitation of the reaction was demonstrated by tuning the exposure of SiCl<sub>4</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O. This pure ALD approach generated porous oxide layers with very low chloride contamination in films. This optimized RT-ALD process could be applied to a wide range of substrates that need to be 3D-coated, similar to mesoporous structured membranes.
A new active quasi-circulator with wideband performance (2008)

This work describes a simple active quasi-circulator that gives wideband operation, and differs from previous structures which were limited to a narrow frequency range. Experimental results shows good return loss and isolation within the expected operating frequency range, making it practical to implement.
Fully Automated Synthesis of DNA-Binding Py-Im Polyamides Using a Triphosgene Coupling Strategy (2014)

The fully automated solid-phase synthetic strategy of hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamides is described. A key advance is the development of methodology for the application of triphosgene as a coupling agent in the automated synthesis of hairpin polyamides without racemization. This automated methodology is compatible with all the typical building blocks, enabling the facile synthesis of polyamide libraries in good yield (9-15%) and crude purity.
Antitumor activity of 7-N-[[2-[[2-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)ethyl]dithio]ethyl]]-mitomycin C. (1991)

Through the extensive investigation of new mitomycin C (MMC) derivatives, several compounds with disulfide at N-7 were found to show activities superior to MMC against murine Sarcoma 180 solid tumor. Among them, 7-N-[[2-[[2-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)ethyl]dithio]ethyl]]- mitomycin C (KW-2149) was selected for further evaluation of antitumor activity and toxicity in mice. KW-2149 exhibited activity superior to MMC in increasing survival of i.p. inoculated P388 leukemia-, M5076 sarcoma-, and B16 melanoma-bearing mice. KW-2149 administered i.v. also exhibited superior activity in inhibiting the growth of s.c. inoculated P388 leukemia, M5076 sarcoma, and colon 26 adenocarcinoma and in increasing survival of i.v. inoculated P388 leukemia- and M5076 sarcoma-bearing mice. Furthermore, KW-2149 remarkably increased the life span of MMC-resistant P388 leukemia- and L1210 leukemia-bearing mice. KW-2149 and MMC inhibited the growth of human tumors inoculated into nude mice. The activity of KW-2149 was prominent in human lung carcinoma Lu-65 and Lu-99, bladder carcinoma T24, and epidermoid carcinoma A431. KW-2149 was comparable to MMC in decreasing the number of WBC in the peripheral blood, and the thrombopenia induced by KW-2149 was mild and recovery was rapid. The in vitro anticellular spectrum of KW-2149 against 23 human tumor cell lines was similar to that of MMC. However, KW-2149 inhibited the growth of the cell lines at concentrations of 10- to 100-fold lower than MMC and showed efficient cytotoxicity against MMC-insensitive tumor cell lines. These included lung epidermoid carcinoma Calu-1, stomach carcinoma MKN-28, colon adenocarcinoma DLD-1, colon adenocarcinoma LoVo, bladder carcinoma HT-1197, sarcoma G-292, and melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells. These results indicate that KW-2149 bears interesting characteristics as a new anticancer drug and warrants further development.
Inner core biosynthesis of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B: identification and role in LOS assembly of the alpha1,2 N-acetylglucosamine transferase (RfaK) (1996)

A lipooligosaccharide (LOS) mutant of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain NMB (immunotype L3,7,9) was identified in a Tn916 (tetM) mutant bank by loss of reactivity with monoclonal antibody 3F11, which recognizes the terminal Galbeta1-->4GlcNAc epitope in the lacto-N-neotetraose moiety of the wild-type LOS structure. The mutant, designated 559, was found to express a truncated LOS of 3.0 kDa. Southern and PCR analyses demonstrated that there was a single intact Tn916 insertion (class I) in the mutant 559 chromosome. Linkage of the LOS phenotype and the Tn916 insertion was confirmed by transformation of the wild-type parent. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the region surrounding the transposition site revealed a 1,065-bp open reading frame (ORF). A homology search of the GenBank/EMBL database revealed that the amino acid sequence of this ORF had 46.8% similarity and 21.2% identity with the alpha1,2 N-acetylglucosamine transferase (RfaK) from Salmonella typhimurium. Glycosyl composition and linkage analysis of the LOS produced by mutant 559 revealed that the lacto-N-neotetraose group which is attached to heptose I (HepI) and the N-acetylglucosamine and glucose residues that are attached to HepII in the inner core of the parental LOS were absent. These analyses also showed that the HepII residue in both the parent and the mutant LOS molecules was phosphorylated, presumably by a phosphoethanolamine substituent. The insertion of nonpolar and polar antibiotic resistance cartridges into the parental rfaK gene resulted in the expression of LOS with the same mobility as that produced by mutant 559. This result indicated that the inability to add the lacto-N-neotetraose group to the 559 LOS is not due to a polar effect on a gene(s) downstream of rfaK. Our data indicate that we have identified the meningococcal alpha1,2 N-acetylglucosamine transferase responsible for the addition of N-acetylglucosamine to HepII. We propose that the lack of alpha-chain extension from HepI in the LOS of mutant 559 may be due to structural constraints imposed by the incomplete biosynthesis of the LOS inner core.
Wide band long slot array antennas (2004)

A continuous long slot aperture without discrete protruding elements was developed for phased array applications. The long slots, which are embedded in the ground plane and backed by a second plate, are excited by balanced (push-pull) feeds at "Nyquist" interval. The design is intrinsically wide band (5:1), low cost (easy to build), and suitable for wide scan applications. A test array of 15/spl times/15 elements was built and tested for 0.4-2.0 GHz experiment. Excellent test results including low cross-pol were obtained.
Evaluation in mice of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tetravalent subunit vaccine candidate against dengue virus (2014)

A dengue vaccine must induce protective immunity against the four serotypes of the virus. Our group has developed chimeric proteins consisting of the protein P64k from Neisseria meningitidis and the domain III from the four viral envelope proteins. In this study, the immunogenicity of a tetravalent vaccine formulation using aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant was evaluated in mice. After three doses, neutralizing antibody titers were detected against the four viral serotypes, the lowest seroconversion rate being against dengue virus serotype 4. One month after the last dose, immunized animals were challenged with infective virus, and partial but statistically significant protection was found to have been achieved. Based on these results, further studies in mice and non-human primates using this tetravalent formulation in a prime-boost strategy with attenuated viruses are strongly recommended.
Ranked join indices (2004)

A plethora of data sources contain data entities that could be ordered according to a variety of attributes associated with the entities. Such orderings result effectively in a ranking of the entities according to the values in the attribute domain. Commonly, users correlate such sources for query processing purposes through join operations. In query processing, it is desirable to incorporate user preferences towards specific attributes or their values. A way to incorporate such preferences is by utilizing scoring functions that combine user preferences and attribute values and return a numerical score for each tuple in the join result. Then, a target query, which we refer to as top-k join query, seeks to identify the k tuples in the join result with the highest scores. We propose a novel technique, which we refer to as ranked join index, to efficiently answer top-k join queries for arbitrary, user specified, preferences and a large class of scoring functions. Our rank join index requires small space (compared to the entire join result) and provides guarantees for its performance. Moreover, our proposal provides a graceful tradeoff between its space requirements and worst case search performance. We supplement our analytical results with a thorough experimental evaluation using a variety of real and synthetic data sets, demonstrating that, in comparison to other viable approaches, our technique offers significant performance benefits.
c-Jun–dependent inhibition of cutaneous procollagen transcription following ultraviolet irradiation is reversed by all-trans retinoic acid (2000)

The aged appearance of skin following repeated exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation stems largely from damage to cutaneous connective tissue, which is composed primarily of type I and type III collagens. We report here that a single exposure to UV irradiation causes significant loss of procollagen synthesis in human skin. Expression of type I and type III procollagens is substantially reduced within 24 hours after a single UV exposure, even at UV doses that cause only minimal skin reddening. Daily UV exposures over 4 days result in sustained reductions of both type I and type III procollagen protein levels for at least 24 hours after the final UV exposure. UV inhibition of type I procollagen synthesis is mediated in part by c-Jun, which is induced by UV irradiation and interferes with procollagen transcription. Pretreatment of human skin in vivo with all-trans retinoic acid inhibits UV induction of c-Jun and protects skin against loss of procollagen synthesis. We have reported previously that UV irradiation induces matrix-degrading metalloproteinases in human skin and that pretreatment of skin with all-trans retinoic acid inhibits this induction. UV irradiation, therefore, damages human skin connective tissue by simultaneously inhibiting procollagen synthesis and stimulating collagen breakdown. All-trans retinoic acid protects against both of these deleterious effects and may thereby retard premature skin aging.
Mining, compressing and classifying with extensible motifs (2006)

Off-line compression based on extensible motifs can be used advantageously to compress and classify biological sequences.
Reversing exchange bias in thermally assisted magnetic random access memory cell by electric current heating pulses (2008)

The temperature required to set the exchange bias of a ferro∕antiferromagnetic (F∕AF) storage bilayer as a function of the heating pulse width was studied on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) of thermally assisted magnetic random access memories. Heating is produced by a pulse of electric current flowing through the junction. For sufficiently long heating pulse (&gt;20ns), a quasiequilibrium temperature profile is reached in the MTJ. In this stationary regime, a relationship between the temperature of the storage layer and the power of the pulse was established by using an Arrhenius–Néel model of thermal relaxation. The introduction of thermal barriers between the junction tunnel barrier and the electrodes allows a significant reduction of the power required to achieve a given temperature rise of the storage layer. When the heating pulse duration is reduced from 1sto2ns, the heating power required for setting the F∕AF storage bilayer increases by about 80%. This experimental observation is quantitatively interpreted by combining the Arrhenius–Néel model with thermodynamic simulations of heat diffusion with source term given by the experimentally known heating power dissipated in the tunnel barrier by Joule effect.
High power density magnetic spring based energy harvester using dual-mass and spring-guided design (2019)

The main objective of this work is to present an enhanced magnetic spring based vibration energy harvester based on dual mass moving magnets and a spring-assisted design. The enhanced harvester design consists of a levitated magnet, a spring-guided magnet, and coils. Prototypes of the enhanced harvester are constructed and characterized experimentally. Nonlinear dynamical models of the harvester are developed and validated against experimental data. Additionally, prototypes of the commonly studied magnetic spring based energy harvesters are constructed, characterized, and modeled. Results show excellent agreement between model simulations and experimental data. Results show that the enhanced harvester significantly outperforms the commonly studied magnetic spring based vibration energy harvesters, especially at low acceleration levels. The enhanced harvester generates 1.97 [mW/cm3 g2] at 0.4g [m/s2] which is approximately 400% the amount of power generated by the traditional magnetic spring based harvester, i.e. 0.5 [mW/cm3 g2]. Additionally, the half-power frequency bandwidth of the enhanced harvester is 90% wider than the frequency bandwidth of the traditional harvester. At lower acceleration, i.e. 0.1g [m/s2], the enhanced harvester exhibits 4000% increase in power metrics compared to the traditional harvester. This makes the presented enhanced harvester design exceptionally suitable for applications where low acceleration oscillations are abundant including harvesting vibrations from highway bridges and human body motion.
Characterization of the HEFT CdZnTe pixel detectors (2004)

We have developed large format CdZnTe pixel detectors optimized for astrophysical applications. The detectors, designed for the High Energy Focusing Telescope (HEFT) balloon experiment, each consists of an array of 24x44 pixels, on a 498 μm pitch. Each of the anode segments on a CdZnTe sensor is bonded to a custom, low-noise application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)optimized to achieve low threshold and good energy resolution. We have studied detectors fabricated by two different bonding methods and corresponding anode plane designs---the first detector has a steering electrode grid, and is bonded to the ASIC with indium bumps; the second detector has no grid but a narrower gap between anode contacts, and is bonded to the ASIC with conductive epoxy bumps and gold stud bumps in series. In this paper, we present results from detailed X-ray testing of the HEFT pixel detectors. This includes measurements of the energy resolution for both single-pixel and split-pixel events, and characterization of the effects of charge trapping, electrode biases and temperature on the spectral performance. Detectors from the two bonding methods are contrasted.
3D Freeze‐Casting of Cellular Graphene Films for Ultrahigh‐Power‐Density Supercapacitors (2016)

3D cellular graphene films with open porosity, high electrical conductivity, and good tensile strength, can be synthesized by a method combining freeze-casting and filtration. The resulting supercapacitors based on 3D porous reduced graphene oxide (RGO) film exhibit extremely high specific power densities and high energy densities. The fabrication process provides an effective means for controlling the pore size, electronic conductivity, and loading mass of the electrode materials, toward devices with high energy-storage performance. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Compact Raman spectrometer system for low frequency spectroscopy (2010)

We report low frequency Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra resolving frequency shifts down to 15 cm<sup>-1</sup> using a standard commercial Raman spectrometer with ultra-narrow band notch filters. The ultra-narrow band notch filters were fabricated holographically in a glass material with optical densities ranging from 4 to 6 per notch filter at the standard Raman laser lines of 488 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm and 785 nm. The notch filters have greater than 80% transmission at 15cm<sup>-1</sup> away from the laser line. This simple notch filter-based system provides high performance low frequency Raman spectroscopy as a low cost alternative to bulky and expensive triple spectrometer Raman systems.