gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical retrieval of encrypted digital holograms for secure real-time display (2002)

Secure data transmission by use of encrypted digital holograms and an optical retrieval system for secure real-time display are proposed. Original images are encrypted by a double-random phase encryption technique and then are recorded as digital holograms in a CCD, together with a reference plane wave. This digital hologram of the encrypted image can be transmitted to receivers via any conventional electronic or digital communication channels. The decryption key is also recorded as a digital hologram. At the receiver, the original image can be retrieved by an optical correlation-based reconstruction process. Both encryption and retrieval can be performed by all-optical means, and thus a real-time secure display can be implemented. We demonstrate the proposed system numerically and experimentally.
Monitoring Wafer Map Data from Integrated Circuit Fabrication Processes for Spatially Clustered Defects (1997)

Quality control in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication has traditionally been based on overall summary data such as lot or wafer yield. These measures are adequate if the defective IC's are distributed randomly both within and across wafers in a lot. In practice, however, the defects often occur in clusters or display other systematic patterns, In general, these spatially clustered defects have assignable causes that can be traced to individual machines or to a series of process steps that did not meet specified requirements. In this article, we develop methods for routinely monitoring probe test data at the wafer map level to detect the presence of spatial clustering. The statistical properties of a family of monitoring statistics are developed under various null and alternative situations of interest, and the resulting methodology is applied to manufacturing data.
Finite Curvature-Mediated Ferroelectricity (2010)

We demonstrate that ferroelectric (FE) polarizations oriented along the finite thickness direction in ultrathin films are enhanced by the introduction of extreme curvature, thereby suppressing the finite-size-driven evolution of the FE phase transition temperature T(C). The measured responses within individual nanoshells possess magnitudes nearly three times that for their planar counterparts while exhibiting finite curvature-dependent offsets in FE switching hystereses. In stark contrast to the expected scaling of a depression of T(C) with inverse thickness, results based on modified Landau-Ginzburg model calculations indicate geometric curvature-driven polarization gradients in ultrathin films result in significant increases in T(C).
A Reconfigurable High-Speed Optical System for Integrated Local Communications (1985)

The introduction of optical fibers in local area networks makes it possible to implement wide-band communication systems integrating all the communication services (telephone, data, images, etc.) foreseen in future office scenarios. This paper describes a reconfigurable high-speed local communication system, which is currently under development at the Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni (CSELT), conceived to attain high reliability and efficiency features, therefore suitable for a wide range of application environments, such as automated offices, integrated manufacturing, hospitals, etc. The access organization is based on a hybrid (i.e., circuit and packet) protocol, which guarantees each type of traffic the required grade of service, while allowing an optimal exploitation of the transmission capacity. Fault-tolerance issues are taken as a guideline in the overall system conception and, in particular, in the transmission subsystem design. The transmission subsystem presently uses available optical technology to implement a loop-shaped bus topology capable of reconfiguring by means of a distributed algorithms, when a link or node fails.
Total-NOx Sensor Based on Mixed-Potential for Detecting of Low NOx Concentrations (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We have been developing the mixed-potential type NOx sensor which can detect the total-NO<sub>X</sub> concentration directly in exhausts for automobiles. It has been confirmed that the sensor is capable of detecting wide concentrations of total-NOx from 20 to 1000 ppm under the condition from rich-burn (A/F=12) to lean-burn without any interference from reducing gases, such as HC and CO.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In addition, it has been confirmed that the sensor output is correlated fairly well to NOx concentrations from the analyzer in the engine test at any rotations. The results obtained here indicate that the present sensor has great possibility of being utilized as an on-board NOx sensor for practical use.</div>
Permanent underwater leak detector (2009)

A new optoelectronic sensor for the real time monitoring of key components such as valves and connectors within the subsea production equipment for leaks of hydraulic fluid is reported. The sensor is capable of detecting low concentrations of such fluids, allowing the early detection of small leaks, and the ability to monitor the evolution of the leak-rate with time, hence providing an important new tool in complying with environmental requirements, enabling early intervention and optimising subsea production
Emission mechanism in phosphorescent and fluorescent OLED utilizing energy transfer from exciplex to emitter (2016)

This paper discusses the effectiveness of energy transfer from an exciplex to an emitter in both phosphorescent and fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes. This energy transfer enhances the efficiency, lowers the drive voltage, and extends the lifetime. The increase in the quantum efficiency of a fluorescent organic light‐emitting diode using this mechanism is also analyzed.
Molybdenum–ruthenium/beryllium multilayer coatings (2000)

A newly developed beryllium-based multilayer system consisting of polycrystalline Be and amorphous MoRu layers is presented. The multilayer exhibits many remarkable properties: reflectivity as high as 69.3% at a wavelength of 11.4 nm (achieved with 50 bilayers giving a bandwidth of 0.35 nm), near-zero intrinsic stress, and excellent smoothing properties. As compared with Mo/Si multilayers at 13.4 nm, the shorter wavelength of 11.4 nm is better matched to the spectral output of gas-jet laser produced plasma sources, allowing a much higher optical throughput of the extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) tool. The properties of MoRu/Be are compared to other beryllium-based multilayers, which have been considered for reflective coatings for EUVL optics.
Tissue hemoglobin monitoring of progressive central hypovolemia in humans using broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy (2008)

We demonstrate noninvasive near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) measurements of tissue hemoglobin contents that can track progressive reductions in central blood volume in human volunteers. Measurements of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (Q) are obtained in ten healthy human subjects during baseline supine rest and exposure to progressive reductions of central blood volume produced by application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Simultaneous quantitative noninvasive measurements of tissue oxyhemoglobin (OHb), deoxyhemoglobin (RHb), total hemoglobin concentration (THb), and tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (S(t)O(2)) are performed throughout LBNP application using broadband DOS. As progressively increasing amounts of LBNP are applied, HR increases, and MAP, SV, and Q decrease (p<0.001). OHb, S(t)O(2), and THb decrease (p<0.001) in correlation with progressive increases in LBNP, while tissue RHb remained relatively constant (p=0.378). The average fractional changes from baseline values in DOS OHb (fOHb) correlate closely with independently measured changes in SV (r(2)=0.95) and Q (r(2)=0.98) during LBNP. Quantitative noninvasive broadband DOS measurements of tissue hemoglobin parameters of peripheral perfusion are capable of detecting progressive reductions in central blood volume, and appear to be sensitive markers of early hypoperfusion associated with hemorrhage as simulated by LBNP.
ChemInform Abstract: Toughening Behavior Involving Multiple Mechanisms: Whisker Reinforcement and Zirconia Toughening. (1988)

Abstract From theoretical considerations it is expected that the toughness of a whisker‐reinforced ceramic matrix with added ZrO 2 particles should be greater than that achieved by either mechanism.
Nf1+/− mast cells induce neurofibroma like phenotypes through secreted TGF-β signaling (2006)

Neurofibromas are common tumors found in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. These complex tumors are composed of Schwann cells, mast cells, fibroblasts and perineurial cells embedded in collagen that provide a lattice for tumor invasion. Genetic studies demonstrate that in neurofibromas, nullizygous loss of Nf1 in Schwann cells and haploinsufficiency of Nf1 in non-neuronal cells are required for tumorigenesis. Fibroblasts are a major cellular constituent in neurofibromas and are a source of collagen that constitutes approximately 50% of the dry weight of the tumor. Here, we show that two of the prevalent heterozygous cells found in neurofibromas, mast cells and fibroblasts interact directly to contribute to tumor phenotype. Nf1+/- mast cells secrete elevated concentrations of the profibrotic transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). In response to TGF-beta, both murine Nf1+/- fibroblasts and fibroblasts from human neurofibromas proliferate and synthesize excessive collagen, a hallmark of neurofibromas. We also establish that the TGF-beta response occurs via hyperactivation of a novel Ras-c-abl signaling pathway. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of c-abl reverses fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis to wild-type levels. These studies identify a novel molecular target to inhibit neurofibroma formation.
Efficient Methods and Architectures for Mean and Variance Estimations of QAM Symbols (2020)

In this paper, we design efficient methods for the mean and variance estimations of QAM symbols with applications to iterative receivers. The proposed methods for optimal estimations enable scalable hardware implementations for any Gray mapped PAM or QAM with less circuitries. For variance estimations, the proposed method reduces the complexity from $O((\log_{2}N)^{2})$ in the existing method to $O(\log_{2}N)$ for an N-QAM. Two suboptimal methods are also proposed to avoid the multiplications in the hardware implementations. The presented approximation approaches provide similar or better performance than the existing methods but with simpler implementation and less logical circuitries. In addition, based on the proposed architecture, we present novel unit module designs with disassembled estimation components and the schematics to virtualize the estimation hardware. With efficient design of unit module and control unit, maximized parallelization can be achieved.
Automated verification of practical garbage collectors (2009)

Garbage collectors are notoriously hard to verify, due to their low-level interaction with the underlying system and the general difficulty in reasoning about reachability in graphs. Several papers have presented verified collectors, but either the proofs were hand-written or the collectors were too simplistic to use on practical applications. In this work, we present two mechanically verified garbage collectors, both practical enough to use for real-world C# benchmarks. The collectors and their associated allocators consist of x86 assembly language instructions and macro instructions, annotated with preconditions, postconditions, invariants, and assertions. We used the Boogie verification generator and the Z3 automated theorem prover to verify this assembly language code mechanically. We provide measurements comparing the performance of the verified collector with that of the standard Bartok collectors on off-the-shelf C# benchmarks, demonstrating their competitiveness.
Low nidogen affinity of laminin‐5 can be attributed to two serine residues in EGF‐like motif γ2III4 (1995)

High affinity nidogen binding of laminin-1 (chain composition alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 1) has been previously mapped to a single EGF-like motif gamma 1III4 of its gamma 1 chain. Two more isoforms, laminin-5 (alpha 3 beta 3 gamma 2) and laminin-7 (alpha 3 beta 2 gamma 1), show low and high binding activity, respectively, indicating that the gamma 2 chain is of low affinity. This was confirmed by recombinant production of the homologous EGF-like motif gamma 2III4 of the gamma 2 chain, which has a 100,000-fold lower binding activity than gamma 1III4. The crucial heptapeptide binding sequence Asn-Ile-Asp-Pro-Asn-Ala-Val of gamma 1III4 is modified in gamma 2III4 by replacing both the central Asn and Val by Ser. Changing these replacements to Asn and Val by site-directed mutagenesis enhanced the activity of gamma 2III4 to a level which was only 5-fold lower than that of gamma 1III4. Despite their high sequence identity (77%) motifs gamma 1III4 and gamma 2III4 were also shown to differ considerably in immunological epitopes. This indicates distinctly different functions for laminins which differ in the gamma chain isoform.
Fast fabrication of polymer out-of-plane optical coupler by gray-scale lithography (2017)

We report a fabrication process of a polymer, and mirror-based out-of-plane optical coupler. In the process, a pre-formed mirror blank made of a buffer coat material is re-exposed by a laser direct writing tool with low numerical aperture of 0.1. The fabrication process is inherently fast because of the low numerical aperture (NA) process. The surface figure of the mirror is controlled under 0.04 waves in root-mean-square (RMS) at 1.55 μm wavelength, with mirror angle of 45 ± 1 degrees. Nominal insertion loss of 8.5dB of the mirror-based coupler was confirmed with polymer waveguides fabricated simultaneously.
Sequencing of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates based on solid-supported desulfurization (1994)

We described a solid-supported desulfurization procedure allowing easy access to the sequence analysis of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates. The described method is based upon selective removal of the 2-cyanoethyl phosphate protecting groups, followed by iodine-promoted desulfurization of the resulting phosphorothioate diesters. Automatic oxidation of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates, anchored via an ester linkage to a standard solid support (LCAA/CPG), is combined with Maxam-Gilbert solid-support sequencing. The overall procedure allows rapid simultaneous sequence analysis of several oligonucleotide analogs.
A Bone Anabolic Effect of RANKL in a Murine Model of Osteoporosis Mediated Through FoxP3+ CD8 T Cells (2015)

TNF-α and IL-17 secreted by proinflammatory T cells (T(EFF)) promote bone erosion by activating osteoclasts. We previously demonstrated that in addition to bone resorption, osteoclasts act as antigen-presenting cells to induce FoxP3 in CD8 T cells (Tc(REG)). The osteoclast-induced regulatory CD8 T cells limit bone resorption in ovariectomized mice (a murine model of postmenopausal osteoporosis). Here we show that although low-dose receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) maximally induces Tc(REG) via Notch signaling pathway to limit bone resorption, high-dose RANKL promotes bone resorption. In vitro, both TNF-α and IL-17, cytokines that are abundant in ovariectomized animals, suppress Tc(REG) induction by osteoclasts by repressing Notch ligand expression in osteoclasts, but this effect can be counteracted by addition of RANKL. Ovariectomized mice treated with low-dose RANKL induced Tc(REG) that suppressed bone resorption, decreased T(EFF) levels, and increased bone formation. High-dose RANKL had the expected osteolytic effect. Low-dose RANKL administration in ovariectomized mice lacking CD8 T cells was also osteolytic, confirming that Tc(REG) mediate this bone anabolic effect. Our results show that although RANKL directly stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone, it also controls the osteoclasts' ability to induce regulatory T cells, engaging an important negative feedback loop. In addition to the conceivable clinical relevance to treatment of osteoporosis, these observations have potential relevance to induction of tolerance and autoimmune diseases.
Magnetically induced colloidal assembly into field-responsive photonic structures (2010)

Magnetic field is an effective stimulus to assemble magnetic colloidal particles into ordered structures that can display field-responsive photonic properties. Magnetic assembly thus represents a powerful method to produce novel photonic materials with wide applications ranging from various types of color displays to chemical and biological sensing devices. In this article, we review several recent examples of magnetically induced assembly of colloidal particles into photonic structures that show responsive visible-light diffractions. For each case, we discuss the mechanism of assembly and the control of the photonic properties, as well as the advantages and limitations for potential applications.
Photo-Hall analysis for inhomogeneously excited semiconductors (1985)

A more rigorous numerical method for determining bulk semiconductor transport properties from photo-Hall data is presented and is used to determine compensation densities in narrow-gap HgCdTe. Previous studies have treated carrier density inhomogeneities by means of a two-layer approach, assuming a photoexcitation layer of constant thickness associated with either the absorption depth or the ambipolar diffusion length. Here, we show that this approximation can lead to significant error. For arbitrary optical intensities a more detailed integration over depth is required, properly accounting for the variation in the optical and transport of the material with carrier density and optical intensity. In the present technique, the spatial profile of the carrier density, n(z), is calculated as a function of optical intensity Φ0. The electron mobility μ is expanded in known functions of the carrier density. By using this n(Φ0,z) and μ(n), integral expressions for the net conductivity and Hall coefficient are then evaluated. The unknown coefficients in the mobility expansion are varied parametrically to obtain the best fits to the measured Hall coefficient and conductivity as a function of optical flux. From this fit, the electron mobility is determined as a function of carrier density. Detailed sample calculations are performed for the case of narrow-gap, n-type Hg1−xCdxTe at low temperatures assuming 10.6 μm CO2 laser excitation. Analysis of the photo-Hall data using the improved method leads to a reliable determination of compensation densities in this material.
Abstract 4696: Development of an inhaled TLR9 agonist for the immunotherapy of lung cancer (2017)

Abstract CpG-oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN) stimulate innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9). Intratumoral (IT) administration of CpG-ODN has been shown to be safe and clinically effective in humans and in multiple animal species. An important feature of local administration of a CpG-ODN is the ability to stimulate immune responses that control the growth of distant, uninjected tumors. Such treatment is especially effective when combined with a complementary mode of immunotherapy, such as anti-PD-1 or radiation. However, repeated IT injection is not practical for many tumor types, including most lung cancers. In mild asthmatic patients and healthy subjects, CpG-ODN have demonstrated safety and pharmacologic activity when delivered by inhalation directly to the lungs. Thus, inhaled CpG presents an alternative to IT injection for primary lung cancers and for other tumor types with prominent lung metastases. In the 4T1 mouse model of metastatic breast cancer, treatment of mice with a CpG-ODN administered intranasally led to a marked reduction in the number of lung metastases. This reduction was accompanied by infiltration of tumors with activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and the formation of highly organized tertiary lymphoid structures. These changes are similar to those observed after IT injection of solid tumors growing subcutaneously, and are consistent with changes observed in human tumors responsive to immunotherapy. In the 4T1 model, intranasal CpG-ODN strongly synergized with systemic anti-PD-1 treatment and induced complete clearance of lung tumors, as well as metastases in tissues not exposed to the CpG-ODN, including liver, pancreas and bone. This generation of systemic immunity resulted in long-term survival in the majority of mice. Immune cell subset depletion studies implicate both CD8 and CD4 T cells in the rejection of lung tumors treated with inhaled CpG-ODN plus anti-PD1. Dynavax has developed a CpG-ODN, DV281, that is optimized for aerosol delivery and plans to initiate clinical studies in NSCLC patients in 2017. Citation Format: Marilena Gallotta, Hikmat Assi, Robert L. Coffman, Cristiana Guiducci. Development of an inhaled TLR9 agonist for the immunotherapy of lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4696. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4696
Spirally configured cis-stilbene/fluorene hybrids as ambipolar, fluorescent materials for organic light emitting diode applications (2013)

A new class of cis-stilbene/fluorene spiro hybrid systems with paired diphenylamino donor and cyano, N-phenylbenzimidazole, dimesitylboranyl, or β,β-diphenylethenyl acceptor units was synthesized as ambipolar materials for organic light-emitting diode applications. When coupled with hole transporting 4,4′-bis(1-naphthylphenylamino)-1,1′-biphenyl (α-NPB) and electron transporting 2,2′,2′′-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) layers, they served as one of the best bluish green and pure green emitting layers with excellent external quantum efficiencies of 3.9–5.2%, electroluminescent brightness of 2202–3069 cd m−2, luminance efficiencies of 11.0–15.8 cd A−1, and power efficiencies of 5.7–6.6 lm W−1 at 20 mA cm−2, which were about 2–3 times better than those based on standard α-NPB/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum bilayer devices.
Quantum Lithography beyond the Diffraction Limit via Rabi Oscillations (2010)

We propose a quantum optical method to do the subwavelength lithography. Our method is similar to the traditional lithography but adding a critical step before dissociating the chemical bound of the photoresist. The subwavelength pattern is achieved by inducing the multi-Rabi oscillation between the two atomic levels. The proposed method does not require multiphoton absorption and the entanglement of photons. It is expected to be realizable using current technology.
<title>Improved DCT-based image coding and decoding methods for low-bit-rate applications</title> (1994)

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is well known for highly efficient coding performance, and it is widely used in many image compression applications. However, in low-bit rate coding, it produces undesirable block artifacts that are visually not pleasing. In addition, in many applications, faster compression and easier VLSI implementation of DCT coefficients are also important issues. The removal of the block artifacts and faster DCT computation are therefore of practical interest. In this paper, we outline a modified DCT computation scheme that provides a simple efficient solution to the reduction of the block artifacts while achieving faster computation. We also derive a similar solution for the efficient computation of the inverse DCT. We have applied the new approach for the low-bit rate coding and decoding of images. Initial simulation results on real images have verified the improved performance obtained using the proposed method over the standard JPEG method.