gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A near-far resistant sliding window decorrelating algorithm for multi-user detectors in DS-CDMA systems (2003)

The limitations of conventional multiuser detectors in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) networks have been recognized. The conventional detector has been acknowledged to be particularly susceptible to multiuser interference and hence the near-far problem. The development of a near-far resistant decorrelating algorithm for application in practical networks is detailed. A mobile radio environment where received user energies can be dissimilar and time varying (a near-far environment) is considered. In particular, the algorithm is targeted at multiple-access (MA) limited operating conditions which are often found in systems with a large number of users. The performance of the algorithm is simulated in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), fading, and mobile radio channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
City with forward and backward linkages (2010)

This paper considers the spatial structure of a city subject to final demand and vertical linkages. Individuals consume differentiated goods (or services) and firms purchase differentiated inputs (or services) in product (or service) markets where forms compete under monopolistic competition. Workers rent their residential lots in an urban land market and contribute to the production of differentiated goods and inputs. We show that firms and workers co-agglomerate and endogenously form a city. We characterize and discuss the spatial distribution of firms and consumers in such cities on one- and two-dimensional spaces (linear city and planar city). We show that final demand and vertical linkages raise the urban density and reduce the city spread. We finally show that a city is too much dispersed compared to the social optimum.
Purification and Characterization of the R64 Shufflon-Specific Recombinase (2000)

The shufflon, a multiple DNA inversion system in plasmid R64, consists of four invertible DNA segments which are separated and flanked by seven 19-bp repeat sequences. The product of a site-specific recombinase gene, rci, promotes site-specific recombination between any two of the inverted 19-bp repeat sequences of the shufflon. To analyze the molecular mechanism of this recombination reaction, Rci protein was overproduced and purified. The purified Rci protein promoted the in vitro recombination reaction between the inverted 19-bp repeats of supercoiled DNA of a plasmid carrying segment A of the R64 shufflon. The recombination reaction was enhanced by the bacterial host factor HU. Gel electrophoretic analysis indicated that the Rci protein specifically binds to the DNA segments carrying the 19-bp sequences. The binding affinity of the Rci protein to the four shufflon segments as well as four synthetic 19-bp sequences differed greatly: among the four 19-bp repeat sequences, the repeat-a and -d sequences displayed higher affinity to Rci protein. These results suggest that the differences in the affinity of Rci protein for the 19-bp repeat sequences determine the inversion frequencies of the four segments.
Are You Ready to Lock? Understanding User Motivations for Smartphone Locking Behaviors (2015)

In addition to storing a plethora of sensitive personal and work information, smartphones also store sensor data about users and their daily activities. In order to understand users ’ behaviors and attitudes towards the security of their smartphone data, we con-ducted 28 qualitative interviews. We examined why users choose (or choose not) to employ locking mechanisms (e.g., PINs) and their perceptions and awareness about the sensitivity of the data stored on their devices. We performed two additional online exper-iments to quantify our interview results and the extent to which sen-sitive data could be found in a user’s smartphone-accessible email archive. We observed a strong correlation between use of secu-rity features and risk perceptions, which indicates rational behav-ior. However, we also observed that most users likely underesti-mate the extent to which data stored on their smartphones pervades their identities, online and offline.
Temperature dependence of luminescence characteristics of Lu2(1−x)Y2xSiO5:Ce3+ scintillator grown by the Czochralski method (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the temperature dependence of luminescence characteristics of highly efficient cerium-doped scintillator, lutetium-yttrium orthosilicate Lu2(1−x)Y2xSiO5:Ce3+. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra have been measured in a broad temperature range. The temperature dependence of the Ce1 and Ce2 decay times shows the onset of decay time decrease at about 300 K. This observation demonstrates that unlike so far reported, the Ce2 center is not substantially quenched until room temperature. The 5d1 excited-state ionization of both Ce1 and Ce2 centers is studied by purely optical methods.
The Number of Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid Genomes in Mouse L and Human HeLa Cells (1974)

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA can be isotopically labeled to the virtual exclusion of nuclear DNA labeling in cell lines lacking the major soluble thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) but retaining a mitochondrial thymidine kinase. This characteristic provides a means for the selective assay of mitochondrial DNA during isolation and a determination of the cellular content of mitochondrial DNA. The simplest of the three isolation procedures compared in this study is shown to yield approximately two-thirds of the total mitochondrial DNA in the tissue culture cells examined. Mouse L cells containing predominantly a 107 dalton closed circular mitochondrial DNA species have 1100 ± 250 molecules per cell. A second line of mouse L cells which has mitochondrial DNA of molecular weight 2 x 107 contains approximately 900 molecules per cell. HeLa cells have at least four times the mitochondrial DNA mass per mitochondrial volume as L cells.
On-line Hough Forests (2011)

Hough forests have emerged as a powerful and versatile method, which achieves state-of-the-art results on various computer vision applications, ranging from object detection over pose estimation to action recognition. The original method operates in offline mode, assuming to have access to the entire training set at once. This limits its applicability in domains where data arrives sequentially or when large amounts of data have to be exploited. In these cases, on-line approaches naturally would be beneficial. To this end, we propose an on-line extension of Hough forests, which is based on the principle of letting the trees evolve on-line while the data arrives sequentially, for both classification and regression. We further propose a modified version of off-line Hough forests, which only needs a small subset of the training data for optimization. In the experiments, we show that using these formulations, the classification results of classic Hough forests could be reached or even outperformed, while being orders of magnitudes faster. Furthermore, our method allows for tracking arbitrary objects without requiring any prior knowledge. We present state-of-the-art tracking results on publicly available data sets. © 2011. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.
Increased IMP dehydrogenase gene expression in solid tumor tissues and tumor cell lines (1992)

Inosine-5'-phosphate (IMP) dehydrogenase, a regulatory enzyme of guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, may play a role in cell proliferation and malignancy. To assess this role we examined IMP dehydrogenase expression in a series of human solid tumor tissues and tumor cell lines in comparison with their normal counterparts. Increased IMP dehydrogenase gene expression was observed in brain tumors relative to normal brain tissue and in sarcoma cells relative to normal fibroblasts. Similarly, in several B- and T-lymphoid leukemia cell lines, elevated levels of IMP dehydrogenase mRNA and cellular enzyme were observed in comparison with the levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes. These results are consistent with an association between increased IMP dehydrogenase expression and either enhanced cell proliferation or malignant transformation.
Involvement of Per–Arnt–Sim (PAS) kinase in the stimulation of preproinsulin and pancreatic duodenum homeobox 1 gene expression by glucose (2004)

Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain-containing kinases are common in prokaryotes, but a mammalian counterpart has only recently been described. Although the PAS domain of the mammalian PAS kinase (PASK) is closely related to the bacterial oxygen sensor FixL, it is unclear whether PASK activity is changed in mammalian cells in response to nutrients and might therefore contribute to signal transduction by these or other stimuli. Here, we show that elevated glucose concentrations rapidly increase PASK activity in pancreatic islet beta cells, an event followed by the accumulation of both PASK mRNA and protein. Demonstrating a physiological role for PASK activation, comicroinjection into clonal beta cells of cDNA encoding wild-type PASK, or PASK protein itself, mimics the induction of preproinsulin promoter activity by high glucose concentrations. Conversely, anti-PASK antibodies block promoter activation by the sugar, and the silencing of PASK expression by RNA interference suppresses the up-regulation by glucose of preproinsulin and pancreatic duodenum homeobox 1 gene expression, without affecting glucose-induced changes in the levels of mRNAs encoding glucokinase or uncoupling protein 2. We conclude that PASK is an important metabolic sensor in nutrient-sensitive mammalian cells and plays an unexpected role in the regulation of key genes involved in maintaining the differentiated phenotype of pancreatic beta cells.
A Coordinated School Health Approach to Obesity Prevention among Appalachian Youth: Middle School Student Outcomes from the Winning With Wellness Project (2014)

The Winning With Wellness (WWW) project was a school-based obesity prevention program that was developed to promote healthy eating and physical activity in youth residing in rural Appalachia. The project was based on the Coordinated School Health model (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013a) and used a community-based participatory research approach with an emphasis on feasibility and sustainability. The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported health outcomes for middle school students across the course of the intervention. Sixth grade middle school students (N = 149; 52% girls) from four schools in Northeast Tennessee completed a survey assessing demographic factors and health behaviors as well as the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL, Varni, Seid, & Kurtin, 2001) at baseline and follow-up, approximately 9-months after project implementation. Across the course of the intervention there were no statistically significant changes from baseline to follow-up in fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, or screen time. Further, there were no statistically significant changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The lack of change in health behaviors is similar to a recent study also emphasizing sustainability (Neumark-Sztainer, Story, Hannan, & Rex, 2003). Unlike in the current study, Palacio-Vieira and colleagues (2008) found HRQoL to significantly decline with age in a population-based sample of Spanish youth. It will be important to examine whether or not obesity interventions may ameliorate this effect as well as to test the feasibility and school/structural support for sustained intervention implementation at a level that promotes lifestyle change.
A new photo-sensitive voltage-controlled differential negative resistance device—The lambda bipolar photo-transistor (1980)

A new photo-sensitive voltage-controlled differential negative resistance device called the LAMBDA bipolar photo-transistor is presented. The basic structure of the Lambda bipolar photo-transistor consists of the simultaneous integration of a bipolar junction transistor and a merged metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor. The IV characteristic of this new device will exhibit a voltage-controlled differential negative resistance when the device is exposed to light. The operational principle of this new device will be described and the characteristics of the fabricated device are discussed.
How the Cornea Heals (2005)

In mammals, penetrating injuries typically heal by deposition of fibrotic "repair tissue" that fills and seals wounds but does not restore normal function. Excessive deposition of fibrotic repair tissue can lead to pathologies involving excessive scarring and contracture. In the cornea, fibrotic repair presents special challenges affecting both clarity and shape of the cornea. With the increasing popularity of surgical techniques that alter corneal refractive errors, understanding of cornea repair mechanisms has acquired new significance. The cornea has unique anatomic, cellular, molecular, and functional features that lead to important mechanistic differences in the process of repair in comparison with what occurs in skin and other organs. Moreover, corneal function calls for special outcomes. This review addresses these features from the viewpoint of the authors' research on factors of importance to understanding and improving surgical outcomes.
Asset allocation (1992)

It remains unsettled whether human language relies exclusively on innately privileged brain structure in the left hemisphere or is more flexibly shaped through experiences, which induce neuroplastic changes in potentially relevant neural circuits. Here we show that learning of second language (L2) vocabulary and its cessation can induce bidirectional changes in the mirror-reverse of the traditional language areas. A cross-sectional study identified that gray matter volume in the inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis (IFGop) and connectivity of the IFGop with the caudate nucleus and the superior temporal gyrus/supramarginal (STG/SMG), predominantly in the right hemisphere, were positively correlated with L2 vocabulary competence. We then implemented a cohort study involving 16 weeks of L2 training in university students. Brain structure before training did not predict the later gain in L2 ability. However, training intervention did increase IFGop volume and reorganization of white matter including the IFGop-caudate and IFGop-STG/SMG pathways in the right hemisphere. These “positive” plastic changes were correlated with the gain in L2 ability in the trained group but were not observed in the control group. We propose that the right hemispheric network can be reorganized into language-related areas through use-dependent plasticity in young adults, reflecting a repertoire of flexible reorganization of the neural substrates responding to linguistic experiences.
Vitamin C: optimal dosages, supplementation and use in disease prevention (2015)

Background: The importance of vitamin C as a way to prevent scurvy has been known for centuries. More recent research on vitamin C has expanded beyond scurvy prevention, providing promising evidence for additional health benefits and clinical applications. This review of scientific literature will evaluate many aspects of vitamin C including deficient versus optimal blood plasma levels, adequate daily amounts necessary to maintain ideal levels, and the safety of higher doses. It will also focus on the importance of vitamin C as a powerful bioactive compound, and its utilization in the prevention and management of different chronic diseases. This review is necessary to express the importance of alternative healthcare methods in both preventative and clinical care. Vitamin C was chosen as a representative of this concept due to its powerful antioxidant capacity, incredibly important physiological implications, and very minimal chance of side-effects. This review focuses on studies involving human participants that address how vitamin C is important for our health.Keywords: Ascorbic acid, deficiency, disease, dose, health, supplementation, vitamin C
mRNA-1273 efficacy in a severe COVID-19 model: attenuated activation of pulmonary immune cells after challenge (2021)

The mRNA-1273 vaccine was recently determined to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from interim Phase 3 results. Human studies, however, cannot provide the controlled response to infection and complex immunological insight that are only possible with preclinical studies. Hamsters are the only model that reliably exhibit more severe SARS-CoV-2 disease similar to hospitalized patients, making them pertinent for vaccine evaluation. We demonstrate that prime or prime-boost administration of mRNA-1273 in hamsters elicited robust neutralizing antibodies, ameliorated weight loss, suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airways, and better protected against disease at the highest prime-boost dose. Unlike in mice and non-human primates, mRNA-1273- mediated immunity was non-sterilizing and coincided with an anamnestic response. Single-cell RNA sequencing of lung tissue permitted high resolution analysis which is not possible in vaccinated humans. mRNA-1273 prevented inflammatory cell infiltration and the reduction of lymphocyte proportions, but enabled antiviral responses conducive to lung homeostasis. Surprisingly, infection triggered transcriptome programs in some types of immune cells from vaccinated hamsters that were shared, albeit attenuated, with mock-vaccinated hamsters. Our results support the use of mRNA-1273 in a two-dose schedule and provides insight into the potential responses within the lungs of vaccinated humans who are exposed to SARS-CoV-2.
A Hemoglobin‐Based Multifunctional Therapeutic: Polynitroxylated Pegylated Hemoglobin (2011)

Polynitroxylated pegylated hemoglobin (PNPH) as a multifunctional therapeutic takes advantage of the ability of hemoglobin (Hb) to transport oxygen, the antioxidative stress activities from the redox coupling of nitroxide and heme iron, and the hypercolloid properties of pegylation. The published preclinical data demonstrating that PNPH acts as a neurovascular protective multifunctional therapeutic in an animal model simulating prehospital resuscitation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with hemorrhagic shock (HS) are reviewed. Preliminary results on the potential utility of PNPH for neurovascular protection in thrombolytic stroke therapy and for correction of vascular dysfunction through transfusion in sickle-cell disease (SCD) are also discussed. We hypothesize that with PNPH, Hb has more than been tamed--it has become a therapeutic and not just a nontoxic extracellular oxygen carrier--and that successful PNPH development as a multifunctional therapeutic that protects the neurovasculature and reduces oxidative stress may represent a paradigm shift in transfusion and critical care medicine, which may meet a number of unmet medical needs resulting from oxidative stress and inadequate blood flow, such as HS, TBI, SCD, and stroke.
Animal Cell Biotechnology (1999)

Scientists with long-refined expertise describe cutting-edge techniques for the production of therapeutic proteins and vaccines. Capturing the major advances that have occurred in both the science and
Genetic Dissection of Azole Resistance Mechanisms in <i>Candida albicans</i> and Their Validation in a Mouse Model of Disseminated Infection (2010)

Principal mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungals include the upregulation of multidrug transporters and the modification of the target enzyme, a cytochrome P450 (Erg11) involved in the 14alpha-demethylation of ergosterol. These mechanisms are often combined in azole-resistant Candida albicans isolates recovered from patients. However, the precise contributions of individual mechanisms to C. albicans resistance to specific azoles have been difficult to establish because of the technical difficulties in the genetic manipulation of this diploid species. Recent advances have made genetic manipulations easier, and we therefore undertook the genetic dissection of resistance mechanisms in an azole-resistant clinical isolate. This isolate (DSY296) upregulates the multidrug transporter genes CDR1 and CDR2 and has acquired a G464S substitution in both ERG11 alleles. In DSY296, inactivation of TAC1, a transcription factor containing a gain-of-function mutation, followed by sequential replacement of ERG11 mutant alleles with wild-type alleles, restored azole susceptibility to the levels measured for a parent azole-susceptible isolate (DSY294). These sequential genetic manipulations not only demonstrated that these two resistance mechanisms were those responsible for the development of resistance in DSY296 but also indicated that the quantitative level of resistance as measured in vitro by MIC determinations was a function of the number of genetic resistance mechanisms operating in any strain. The engineered strains were also tested for their responses to fluconazole treatment in a novel 3-day model of invasive C. albicans infection of mice. Fifty percent effective doses (ED(50)s) of fluconazole were highest for DSY296 and decreased proportionally with the sequential removal of each resistance mechanism. However, while the fold differences in ED(50) were proportional to the fold differences in MICs, their magnitude was lower than that measured in vitro and depended on the specific resistance mechanism operating.
Genetic variation analysis of reemerging porcine epidemic diarrhea virus prevailing in central China from 2010 to 2011 (2012)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea has re-emerged with devastating impact in central China since October 2010. To investigate and analyze the reason of this outbreak, the M and ORF3 genes of 15 porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (PEDV), which were collected from different areas of central China during October 2010 and December 2011, were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. Sequence analyses showed that the nucleotides and amino acids were changed at some sites in the M and ORF3 genes of the 15 PEDV strains compared with those genes of CV777 reference strain. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, PEDVs in central China and reference strains could be separated into three groups: G1, G2, and G3. The 15 PEDV strains belonged to G3 group and showed a close relationship with Korean strains (2007), Thai strains (2007-2008), and partial other Chinese strains (2010-2011), but differed genetically from European strains (Br1/87) and the vaccine strain (CV777 vs) being used in China. Furthermore, all 15 PEDV strains from central China and some other isolates in China from 2003 to 2007 (LJB-03, QH, and LZC) belonged to different group. Therefore, PEDV exhibits rapid variation and genetic evolution, and the currently prevailing PEDV strains in central China are a new genotype.