gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fine-Tuning the Energy Barrier for Metal-Mediated Dinitrogen N≡N Bond Cleavage (2014)

Experimental data support a mechanism for N≡N bond cleavage within a series of group 5 bimetallic dinitrogen complexes of general formula, {Cp*M[N((i)Pr)C(R)N((i)Pr)]}2(μ-N2) (Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5) (M = Nb, Ta), that proceeds in solution through an intramolecular "end-on-bridged" (μ-η(1):η(1)-N2) to "side-on-bridged" (μ-η(2):η(2)-N2) isomerization process to quantitatively provide the corresponding bimetallic bis(μ-nitrido) complexes, {Cp*M[N((i)Pr)C(R)N((i)Pr)](μ-N)}2. It is further demonstrated that subtle changes in the steric and electronic features of the distal R-substituent, where R = Me, Ph and NMe2, can serve to modulate the magnitude of the free energy barrier height for N≡N bond cleavage as assessed by kinetic studies and experimentally derived activation parameters. The origin of the contrasting kinetic stability of the first-row congener, {Cp*V[N((i)Pr)C(Me)N((i)Pr)]}2(μ-η(1):η(1)-N2) toward N≡N bond cleavage is rationalized in terms of a ground-state electronic structure that favors a significantly less-reduced μ-N2 fragment.
Das Lebensende auf der Public-Health-Agenda (2013)

Einleitung Das Lebensende war lange Zeit kein relevantes Public-Health-Thema. Primäres Ziel war es, den frühzeitigen Tod zu verhindern, die Bevölkerung gesund zu erhalten und Gesundheitssysteme effizient auszurichten. Mittlerweile ist die Frage nach der Qualität des Lebensendes unter veränderten gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen als Herausforderung erkannt. Noch aber konzentrieren sich die Initiativen auf die Verbesserung individueller Sterbesituationen ausgewählter Patienten und erfahren Public-Health-Gesichtspunkte wenig Beachtung.
High efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting device (2008)

We have demonstrated a substantial enhancement in the efficiency of iridium (III) bis[(4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinate-N,C2′]picolinate based blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs). The efficiencies of PHOLEDs with conventional electron transport materials are low due to their low electron mobilities as well low triplet energies. High triplet energy electron transporting material with high electron mobility was used as a hole blocker to achieve efficient exciton confinement and good charge balance in the device thereby achieving a high current efficiency of 49cd∕A and an external quantum efficiency of 23%.
Extended Virulence Genotypes and Phylogenetic Background of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Isolates from Patients with Cystitis, Pyelonephritis, or Prostatitis (2004)

Molecular analysis of 63 Escherichia coli urine isolates showed that pyelonephritis (n=23) and prostatitis (n=17) isolates exhibited more virulence factors (VFs) among the 35 sought than did cystitis isolates (n=23). Several nontraditional VFs--including bmaE (M fimbriae), gafD (G fimbriae), fyuA (yersiniabactin receptor), ireA and iroN (novel siderophore receptors), cvaC (colicin [microcin] V), traT (serum-resistance associated), ibeA (invasion of brain endothelium), ompT (outer membrane protease T), and malX (pathogenicity island marker)--either differentiated significantly between syndromes (despite small numbers of isolates and possible multiple-comparison artifacts) or were broadly prevalent. Thus, interventions that target conserved uro-VFs may be possible, despite the likely existence of syndrome-specific pathogenetic mechanisms and/or host defense systems.
Low-dose paclitaxel synergizes with oncolytic adenoviruses via mitotic slippage and apoptosis in ovarian cancer (2010)

The microtubule-stabilizing drug paclitaxel has activity in relapsed ovarian cancer. dl922-947, an oncolytic adenovirus with a 24-bp deletion in E1A CR2, replicates selectively within and lyses cells with a dysregulated Rb pathway and has efficacy in ovarian cancer. In the aggressive A2780CP xenograft, combination treatment with weekly dl922-947 and paclitaxel has significantly greater efficacy than either treatment alone and can produce complete tumor eradication in some animals. We investigated the mechanisms of paclitaxel's synergy with dl922-947 in ovarian cancer. The host-cell microtubule network is grossly rearranged and stabilized following adenovirus infection, but paclitaxel does not increase this significantly. Paclitaxel does not synergize by increasing infectivity, viral protein expression or virus release. However, destabilizing the microtubule network with nocodazole reduces viral exit, revealing a novel microtubule-dependent pathway for non-lytic adenoviral exit. dl922-947 can override multiple cell cycle checkpoints but induces cell death by a non-apoptotic mechanism. In combination, dl922-947 and low-dose paclitaxel induces aberrant, multipolar mitoses, mitotic slippage and multinucleation, triggering an apoptotic cell death.
TNF-α is critical for antitumor but not antiviral T cell immunity in mice (2007)

TNF-alpha antagonists are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but their use is associated with reactivation of latent infections. This highlights the importance of TNF-alpha in immunity to certain pathogens and raises concerns that critical aspects of immune function are impaired in its absence. Unfortunately, the role of TNF-alpha in the regulation of T cell responses is clouded by a myriad of contradictory reports. Here, we show a role for TNF-alpha and its receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, specifically in antitumor immunity. TNF-alpha-deficient mice exhibited normal antiviral responses associated with strong inflammation. However, TNF-alpha/TNFR1-mediated signals on APCs and TNF-alpha/TNFR2 signals on T cells were critically required for effective priming, proliferation, and recruitment of tumor-specific T cells. Furthermore, in the absence of TNF-alpha signaling, tumor immune surveillance was severely abrogated. Finally, treatment with a CD40 agonist alone or in combination with TLR2 stimuli was able to rescue proliferation of TNF-alpha-deficient T cells. Therefore, TNF-alpha signaling may be required only for immune responses in conditions of limited immunostimulatory capacity, such as tumor surveillance. Importantly, these results suggest that prolonged continuous TNF-alpha blockade in patients may have long-term complications, including potential tumor development or progression.
Transient thermography using evanescent microwave microscope (1999)

Very high spatial resolution thermography is of great importance in electronics, biology, and in many other situations where local variations in temperature are needed to study heat dissipation or to monitor metabolism rate which can be directly related to the heat production. Infrared imaging techniques probably are the best way of obtaining thermal maps of large structures. However, the spatial resolution of infrared imaging techniques is limited to a few 100 μm and their temperature resolution is usually around 0.1 K. Here we report on a new evanescent microwave method that is capable of mapping temperature distributions with ≈1 μm spatial resolution. The temperature sensitivity of this probe was better than 0.1 V/K with a minimum detectable signal of 0.01 K with a response time faster than 1 μs.
PCNA promotes processive DNA end resection by Exo1 (2013)

Exo1-mediated resection of DNA double-strand break ends generates 3' single-stranded DNA overhangs required for homology-based DNA repair and activation of the ATR-dependent checkpoint. Despite its critical importance in inducing the overall DNA damage response, the mechanisms and regulation of the Exo1 resection pathway remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify the ring-shaped DNA clamp PCNA as a new factor in the Exo1 resection pathway. Using mammalian cells, Xenopus nuclear extracts and purified proteins, we show that after DNA damage, PCNA loads onto double-strand breaks and promotes Exo1 damage association through direct interaction with Exo1. By tethering Exo1 to the DNA substrate, PCNA confers processivity to Exo1 in resection. This role of PCNA in DNA resection is analogous to its function in DNA replication where PCNA serves as a processivity co-factor for DNA polymerases.
Cesiumauride Ammonia (1/1), CsAu⋅NH3: A Crystalline Analogue to Alkali Metals Dissolved in Ammonia? (2002)

Die Reaktion von CsAu mit flüssigem NH3 liefert dunkelblaues CsAu⋅NH3 (siehe Bild und Struktur). Die ungewöhnliche Elektronenstruktur und übrigen Eigenschaften der Verbindung, die sich wie ein in Ammoniak gelöstes Alkalimetall verhält, könnten zu einem besseren Verständnis solvatisierter Elektronen beitragen.
FAP extraction using three-dimensional motion estimation (2002)

An integral part of the MPEG-4 standard is the definition of face animation parameters (FAPs). This paper presents a method for the determination of FAPs by using three dimensional (3-D) rigid and nonrigid motion of human facial features found from two-dimensional (2-D) image sequences. The proposed method assumes that a 3-D model has been fitted to the first frame of the sequence, tracks the motion of characteristic facial features, calculates the 3-D rigid and nonrigid motion of facial features, and through this, estimates the FAPs as defined by the MPEG-4 coding standard. The 2-D tracking process is based on a novel enhanced version of the algorithm proposed by Kanade, Lucas, and Tomasi (1994, 1991). The nonrigid motion estimation is achieved using the same tracking mechanism guided by the facial motion model implied by the MPEG-4 FAPs.
Coenzyme Q10 plus Multivitamin Treatment Prevents Cisplatin Ototoxicity in Rats (2016)

Cisplatin (Cpt) is known to induce a high level of oxidative stress, resulting in an increase of reactive oxygen species damaging the inner ear and causing hearing loss at high frequencies. Studies on animal models show that antioxidants may lower Cpt-induced ototoxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ototoxic effects of two different protocols of Cpt administration in a Sprague-Dawley rat model, and to test in the same model the synergic protective effects of a solution of coenzyme Q10 terclatrate and Acuval 400®, a multivitamin supplement containing antioxidant agents and minerals (Acu-Qter). The Cpt was administered intraperitoneally in a single dose (14 mg/kg) or in three daily doses (4.6 mg/kg/day) to rats orally treated or untreated with Acu-Qter for 5 days. The auditory function was assessed by measuring auditory brainstem responses from 2 to 32 kHz at day 0 and 5 days after treatment. Similar hearing threshold and body weight alterations were observed in both Cpt administration protocols, but mortality reduced to zero when Cpt was administered in three daily doses. The Acu-Qter treatment was able to prevent and completely neutralize ototoxicity in rats treated with three daily Cpt doses, supporting the synergic protective effects of coenzyme Q terclatrate and Acuval 400® against Cpt-induced oxidative stress. The administration protocol involving three Cpt doses is more similar to common human chemotherapy protocols, therefore it appears more useful for long-term preclinical studies on ototoxicity prevention.
High-speed low-power integrating CMOS sample-and-hold amplifier architecture (2002)

A novel "current-mode" sampling architecture for sample-and-hold (S&H) amplifiers results in a substantial reduction in error due to sampling clock jitter and aperture time. These reduced errors make possible a substantial reduction in power over a conventional "voltage mode" S&H with the same sample rate. In order to demonstrate the performance of this architecture, a S&H with 4 subsampled parallel outputs has been designed using less than 2 mm/sup 2/ die area in a 1.2 /spl mu/ CMOS process. Operating at 100 MS/s the circuit dissipates only 25 mW of power. Integral nonlinearity of the S&H circuit is less than 0.4%. Simulation results of the second generation S&H circuit with improved common-mode rejection are also presented.
Spinel Castables for Steel Ladle Lining： In-Situ Versus Preformed (2012)

The paper discusses the difference in the formulation concepts of alumina-spinel (spinel containing) and alumina-magnesia (spinel forming) castables and the influence on their physical properties. The individual property profile is discussed with respect to the requirements of refractory lining materials for the different zones of a steel ladle.
Automatic Mood-Transferring between Color Images (2008)

This new color-conversion method offers users an intuitive, one-click interface for style conversion and a refined histogram-matching method that preserves spatial coherence.
Human Detection by Quadratic Classification on Subspace of Extended Histogram of Gradients (2013)

This paper proposes a quadratic classification approach on the subspace of Extended Histogram of Gradients (ExHoG) for human detection. By investigating the limitations of Histogram of Gradients (HG) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), ExHoG is proposed as a new feature for human detection. ExHoG alleviates the problem of discrimination between a dark object against a bright background and vice versa inherent in HG. It also resolves an issue of HOG whereby gradients of opposite directions in the same cell are mapped into the same histogram bin. We reduce the dimensionality of ExHoG using Asymmetric Principal Component Analysis (APCA) for improved quadratic classification. APCA also addresses the asymmetry issue in training sets of human detection where there are much fewer human samples than non-human samples. Our proposed approach is tested on three established benchmarking data sets--INRIA, Caltech, and Daimler--using a modified Minimum Mahalanobis distance classifier. Results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms current state-of-the-art human detection methods.
Damping Properties of Epoxy Films with Nanoscale Fillers (2006)

This study demonstrates improved damping in epoxy films using nanoscale fillers. The mechanism for damping improvement is related to frictional energy dissipation arising from interfacial sliding at the nanofiller-matrix interface. The combination of extremely large interfacial contact area, high aspect ratio, many interfaces, and low density implies that nanoscale fillers could be far more efficient with regard to damping augmentation than traditional fillers. In this study, three categories of nanoscale fillers are investigated; (1) silica nanoparticles, (2) silicon nanorods, and (3) silicon nanosprings. The nanofillers are dispersed in an epoxy matrix and the nanocomposite film is tested dynamically (in the shear mode) using an MTS-858 servohydraulic test facility. The results indicate that nanospring fillers generate greater energy dissipation than nanoparticles or nanorods. The material loss factor (or damping ratio) of the epoxy film (with silicon nanospring fillers) showed a 150% increase compared to the baseline (pure) epoxy. The nanocomposite damping materials developed here show the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional viscoelastic polymers and could help to efficiently deliver significant levels of damping to structural components.
An internet of things that do not exist (2011)

On Heritage aims to offer and promote a rich discussion at the intersection of art, performance, and culture that expands the boundaries of HCI while broadening our understanding of how things of the past come to matter in the present.
Monoamine dysfunction and the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. (1998)

Alterations in noradrenergic and serotonergic function in the central nervous system (CNS) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Based on changes in norepinephrine and serotonin metabolism in the CNS, it has been postulated that subgroups of patients with differential responses to norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors may exist. Alpha-methylparatyrosine (AMPT), which causes rapid depletion of brain catecholamines, has been used as a noradrenergic probe to test the hypothesis that changes in neurotransmission through the catecholamine system may underlie the therapeutic response to norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Brain serotonin is dependent on plasma levels of the essential amino acid tryptophan. Rapid tryptophan depletion, in the form of a tryptophan-free amino acid drink, has been used as a serotonergic probe to identify therapeutically responsive subsets of patients. Using these probes, we have recently examined the behavioral effects of reduced concentrations of brain monoamines on depressed patients treated with a variety of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or the relatively norepinephrine-selective antidepressant desipramine, during 3 different states: drug-free and depressed; in remission on antidepressant drugs; and drug-free in remission. The results of a series of investigations confirm the importance of monoamines in the mediation of depressed mood, but also suggest that other brain neural systems may have more of a primary role than previously thought in the pathophysiology of depression. Noradrenergic and serotonergic probes may be used in time to identify subsets of depressed patients to determine which patients might respond differentially to the new selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors or SSRIs.
Digital Preemphasis in Optical Communication Systems: On the DAC Requirements for Terabit Transmission Applications (2014)

Next-generation coherent optical systems are geared to employ high-speed digital-to-analog converters (DAC), allowing for digital preprocessing of the signal and flexible optical transport networks. However, one of the major obstacles in such architectures is the limited resolution (less than 5.5 effective bits) and –3 dB bandwidth of commercial DACs, typically limited to half of the currently commercial baud rates, and even relatively reduced in case of higher baud rate transponders (400 Gb/s and 1 Tb/s). In this paper, we propose a simple digital preemphasis (DPE) algorithm to compensate for DAC-induced signal distortions, and exhaustively investigate the impact of DAC specifications on system performance, both with and without DPE. As an outcome, performance improvements are established across various DAC hardware requirements (effective number of bits and bandwidth) and channel baud rates, for m-state quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats. In particular, we show that lower order modulation formats are least affected by DAC limitations, however, they benefit the most from DPE in extremely challenging hardware conditions. On the contrary, higher order formats are severely limited by DAC distortions, and moderately benefit from DPE across a wide range of DAC specifications. Moreover, effective number of bit requirements are established for m-state QAM, assuming low and high baud rate transmission regimes. Finally, we discuss the application scenarios for the proposed DPE in next-generation terabit transmission systems, and establish maximum transportable baud rates, which are shown to be used toward increasing channel baud rates to reduce terabit subcarrier count or toward increasing forward error correction (FEC) overheads to reduce the pre-FEC bit error rate threshold. Maximum baud rates after DPE are summarized here for polarization multiplexed BPSK, QPSK, 8QAM, and 16QAM, assuming two DACs: Current commercial DACs (5.5 effective bits, 16 GHz bandwidth) 57, 54, 51, and 48 Gbaud, respectively. Next-generation DACs (7 effective bits, 22 GHz bandwidth): 62, 61, 60, and 58 Gbaud, respectively.
Electric control of topological phase transitions in Dirac semimetal thin films (2015)

Dirac semimetals host three-dimensional (3D) Dirac fermion states in the bulk of crystalline solids, which can be viewed as 3D analogs of graphene. Owing to their relativistic spectrum and unique topological character, these materials hold great promise for fundamental-physics exploration and practical applications. Particularly, they are expected to be ideal parent compounds for engineering various other topological states of matter. In this report, we investigate the possibility to induce and control the topological quantum spin Hall phase in a Dirac semimetal thin film by using a vertical electric field. We show that through the interplay between the quantum confinement effect and the field-induced coupling between sub-bands, the sub-band gap can be tuned and inverted. During this process, the system undergoes a topological phase transition between a trivial band insulator and a quantum spin Hall insulator. Consequently, one can switch the topological edge channels on and off by purely electrical means, making the system a promising platform for constructing topological field effect transistors.
Optimum transmission beamforming on phase-only antenna arrays (2003)

The objective of optimum adaptive transmission beamforming on linear isotropic phase-only antenna arrays is to maximize the pointing directional gain with the constraints of phase-only control at the antenna elements and the imposition of nulls in the interference directions. A suitable cost function stemming from the interference nulling constraints and phase-only control is constructed, equivalent to the primary constraint optimization problem, and we formulate and solve the minimum cost problem via the phase-only conjugate gradient algorithm and quasi-Newton algorithm. Simulations show that this approach can null random interference with more flexibility, more depth in the jammer direction and less computational cost under assumptions that powerful interferences are within the phase-only arrays' antijamming ability and the penalty coefficient is properly selected.
Fusion of intra-oral scans in cone-beam computed tomography scans (2020)

IPS CaseDesigner® and OrthoAnalyzer™ are reliable software packages providing an accurate fusion of the intra-oral scan in the CBCT. Both software packages can be used as an accurate fusion tool of the intra-oral scan in the CBCT which provides an accurate basis for 3D virtual planning.
Roll-to-Roll Transfer of Electrospun Nanofiber Film for High-Efficiency Transparent Air Filter (2016)

Particulate matter (PM) pollution in air has become a serious environmental issue calling for new type of filter technologies. Recently, we have demonstrated a highly efficient air filter by direct electrospinning of polymer fibers onto supporting mesh although its throughput is limited. Here, we demonstrate a high throughput method based on fast transfer of electrospun nanofiber film from roughed metal foil to a receiving mesh substrate. Compared with the direct electrospinning method, the transfer method is 10 times faster and has better filtration performance at the same transmittance, owing to the uniformity of transferred nanofiber film (>99.97% removal of PM2.5 at ∼73% of transmittance). With these advantages, large area freestanding nanofiber film and roll-to-roll production of air filter are demonstrated.