gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recycling of Oily Sludge as a Roadbed Material Utilizing Phosphogypsum‐Based Cementitious Materials (2019)

Oily sludge is a hazardous waste containing emulsified petroleum hydrocarbons, water, heavy metals, and solid particles. The objective of this work is to employ solidification/stabilization (S/S) techniques to utilize oily sludge as a roadbed material with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), fly ash (FA), and silica fume (SF) as binders and phosphogypsum (PG) as a stabilizer. The efficacy of the S/S process is assessed mainly through an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and a toxicity leaching test. Road performance, including water stability, freeze‐thaw resistance, and volume stability, is also tested on the solidified samples. The mineralogical compositions, microstructures, and pore structure are characterized through X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The results show that the addition of 20% binders (OPC : FA : SF = 1 : 0.7 : 0.8) in combination with phosphogypsum to the oily sludge not only increases the 28‐day compressive strength of the solidified samples and remarkably decreases the release of heavy metals but also refines the pore structure and compacts the microstructure. The solidified body had sufficient strength and good water stability performance, freeze‐thaw resistance, and volumetric stability. This solidification/stabilization (S/S) process, which combines oily sludge treatment and phosphogypsum resource utilization, significantly enhances environmental protection and renders the solidified product economically profitable.
The Transcription Factors Egr2 and Egr3 Are Essential for the Control of Inflammation and Antigen-Induced Proliferation of B and T Cells (2012)

Lymphocytes provide optimal responses against pathogens with minimal inflammatory pathology. However, the intrinsic mechanisms regulating these responses are unknown. Here, we report that deletion of both transcription factors Egr2 and Egr3 in lymphocytes resulted in a lethal autoimmune syndrome with excessive serum proinflammatory cytokines but also impaired antigen receptor-induced proliferation of B and T cells. Egr2- and Egr3-defective B and T cells had hyperactive signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) and STAT3 while antigen receptor-induced activation of transcription factor AP-1 was severely impaired. We discovered that Egr2 and/or Egr3 directly induced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3, inhibitors of STAT1 and STAT3, and also blocked the function of Batf, an AP-1 inhibitor, in B and T cells. Thus, Egr2 and Egr3 regulate B and T cell function in adaptive immune responses and homeostasis by promoting antigen receptor signaling and controlling inflammation.
Toward indoor flying robots (2002)

Developing a research autonomous plane for flying in a laboratory space is a challenge that forces one to understand the specific aerodynamic, power and construction constraints. In order to obtain a very slow flight while maintaining a high maneuverability, ultralight structures and adequate components are required. In this paper we analyze the wing, propeller and motor characteristics and propose a methodology to optimize the motor/gear/propeller system. The C4 model plane (50g, 1.5m/s) demonstrates the feasibility of such a laboratory flying test-bed.
Chemoselective Iterative Dehydrative Glycosylation (2001)

The inherent difference in nucleophilicity between alkyl alcohols and free hemiacetals is capitalized upon in a new approach to chemoselective glycosylation. The strategy employs a controlled dehydrative coupling reaction for the rapid assembly of complex oligosaccharides and obviates the need for the extensive protective group and anomeric leaving group differentiation that is traditionally required.
Information Rates of Densely Sampled Data: Distributed Vector Quantization and Scalar Quantization With Transforms for Gaussian Sources (2013)

This paper establishes rates attainable by several lossy schemes for coding a continuous parameter source to a specified mean-squared-error distortion based on sampling at asymptotically large rates. First, a densely sampled, spatiotemporal, stationary Gaussian source is distributively encoded. The Berger–Tung bound to the distributed rate-distortion function and three convergence theorems are used to obtain an upper bound, expressed in terms of the source spectral density, to the smallest attainable rate at asymptotically large sampling rates. The bound is tighter than that recently obtained by Kashyap <etal xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> Both indicate that with ideal distributed lossy coding, dense sensor networks can efficiently sense and convey a field, in contrast to the negative result obtained by Marco <etal xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> for encoders based on scalar quantization and Slepian–Wolf distributed lossless coding. The second scheme is transform coding with scalar coefficient quantization. A new generalized transform coding analysis, as well as the aforementioned convergence theorems, is used to find the smallest attainable rate at asymptotically large sampling rates in terms of the source spectral density and the operational rate-distortion function of the family of quantizers, which in contrast to previous analyses need not be convex. The result shows that when a transform is used, scalar quantization need not cause the poor performance found by Marco <etal xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> As a corollary, the final result pursues an approach, originally proposed by Berger, to show that the inverse water-pouring formula for the rate-distortion function can be attained at high sampling rates by transform coding with ideal vector quantization to encode the coefficients. Also established in the paper are relations between operational rate-distortion and distortion-rate functions for a continuous parameter source and those for the discrete parameter source that results from sampling.
Optimisation of Bioluminescent Reporters for Use with Mycobacteria (2010)

While much work remains to be done, the finding that both firefly and bacterial luciferases can be detected non-invasively in live mice is an important first step to using these reporters to study the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species in vivo. Furthermore, the development of auto-luminescent mycobacteria has enormous ramifications for high throughput mycobacterial drug screening assays which are currently carried out either in a destructive manner using LuxAB or the firefly luciferase.
Endoscopic thoracoplasty and anterior spinal release in scoliotic deformity. (2000)

Severe rigid and complex deformities of the spine often require a first stage procedure to adequately mobilize the spine to provide adequate flexibility during the actual application of instrumentation for surgical correction. This first stage involves soft tissue releases and removal of intervertebral disks from the anterior spine. Exposure to the anterior spine has traditionally been accomplished through thoracotomy or a thoracolumbar incision. The open thoracotomy, however, has several disadvantages, such as post-thoracotomy pain, a large scar, and breathing difficulties. Since the first thoracoscopy at the beginning of this century, the procedure, at first limited by the available technology, has gradually gained more uses and favor among physicians. The last 10 years have seen significant improvement in optical technology and instrumentation. These advances have allowed the spine surgeon to begin performing anterior spinal releases using endoscopic techniques. These endoscopic techniques can carry the same efficacy as the open thoracotomy but less morbidity. Thoracoplasty, the resection of rib segments, is an excellent way to not only correct the convex rib deformities seen in scoliosis but it is also an excellent source of bone which can be used as a graft for fusion. Although traditionally, thoracoplasty has also been done through an open procedure, it can be performed endoscopically. This prospective study presents nine patients who underwent combined endoscopic anterior spinal release and thoracoplasty followed by same day posterior instrumentation and fusion for correction of their spinal deformities. All nine procedures were completed successfully endoscopically. It is our conclusion that in the hands of an experienced surgeon, the endoscopic technique is an excellent procedure providing the same efficacy as the open thoracotomy. There is however a learning curve associated with the procedure. In addition, a team approach in which the surgeon and an experienced anesthesiologist with experience with double lumen intubation and selective single lung ventilation and thoracoscopic surgery is crucial. Although there were no surgical complications related to the thoracoscopic technique one patient did require prolonged intubation postoperatively, which leads us to believe that single lung ventilation in and of itself is very demanding and each patient must be considered carefully prior to its undertaking.
An Empirical study on planning and design collaboration of urban railway construction bridge and culvert project based on BIM (2018)

Traffic infrastructure construction needs the first introduced project during the urban development process. Good traffic development planning will inevitably bring better conditions for urban development and construction. In this study, BIM technology is introduced into the application of a railway bridge and culvert project in China. Firstly, the application process and framework of BIM technology are planned in A/E firm. Secondly, the BIM model is applied in the planning and design phase of a railway track engineering bridge and culvert project. The project scale is 170km, including 10 project segments, and the BIM technology is fully utilized. Advantages include collaborative design and review, visual analysis, bridge and culvert library, geographic location and elevation analysis, bridge and culvert filling model and space review etc. Finally, the application of this project summarizes the BIM technology in railway bridge and culvert project planning and design collaboration benefits and experience learning as well as discussed.
A Case of Dengue Maculopathy with Spontaneous Recovery (2013)

Dengue maculopathy can cause severe visual loss and may resolve without treatment.
Preliminary characterisation and extraction of anterior adhesive secretion in monogenean (platyhelminth) parasites (2002)

Secreted anterior adhesives, used for temporary attachment to epithelial surfaces of fishes (skin and gills) by some monogenean (platyhelminth) parasites have been partially characterised. Adhesive is composed of protein. Amino acid composition has been determined for seven monopisthocotylean monogeneans. Six of these belong to the Monocotylidae and one species, Entobdella soleae (van Beneden et Hesse, 1864) Johnston, 1929, is a member of the Capsalidae. Histochemistry shows that the adhesive does not contain polysaccharides, including acid mucins, or lipids. The adhesive before secretion and in its secreted form contains no dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa). Secreted adhesive is highly insoluble, but has a soft consistency and is mechanically removable from glass surfaces. Generally there are high levels of glycine and alanine, low levels of tyrosine and methionine, and histidine is often absent. However, amino acid content varies between species, the biggest differences evident when the monocotylid monogeneans were compared with E. soleae. Monogenean adhesive shows similarity in amino acid profile with adhesives from starfish, limpets and barnacles. However, there are some differences in individual amino acids in the temporary adhesive secretions of, on the one hand, the monogeneans and, on the other hand, the starfish and limpets. These differences may reflect the fact that monogeneans, unlike starfish and barnacles, attach to living tissue (tissue adhesion). A method of extracting unsecreted adhesive was investigated for use in further characterisation studies on monogenean glues.
Synthesis of (1-->3), (1-->4)-beta-D-glucan in the Golgi apparatus of maize coleoptiles. (1993)

Membranes of the Golgi apparatus from maize (Zea mays L.) were used to synthesize in vitro the (1-->3), (1-->4)-beta-D-glucan (MG) that is unique to the cell wall of the Poaceae. The MG was about 250 kDa and was separated from a much larger (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan (callose) by gel-permeation chromatography. Diagnostic oligosaccharides, released by a sequence-dependent endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis, were separated by HPLC and GLC. The trisaccharide beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-D-Glc, the tetrasaccharide [beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)]2-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-D-Glc, and longer cellodextrin-(1-->3)-D-Glc oligosaccharides were synthesized in proportions similar to those found in purified MG. Activated charcoal added during homogenization enhanced synthesis of MG, presumably by removing inhibitory compounds. The Golgi apparatus was determined as the site of synthesis by a combination of downward and flotation centrifugations on sucrose step gradients. The rate of synthesis did not reach saturation at up to 10 mM UDP-Glc. Chelators completely abolished synthesis, but synthase activity was restored by addition of either MgCl2 or, to a lesser extent, MnCl2. Synthesis continued for well over 1 h; addition of KOH to raise the pH from 7.2 to 8.0 during the reaction increased the rate of synthesis, which indicates that a transmembrane pH gradient may facilitate synthesis of MG.
Decoding surface code with a distributed neural network–based decoder (2020)

Abstract There has been a rise in decoding quantum error correction codes with neural network–based decoders, due to the good decoding performance achieved and adaptability to any noise model. However, the main challenge is scalability to larger code distances due to an exponential increase of the error syndrome space. Note that successfully decoding the surface code under realistic noise assumptions will limit the size of the code to less than 100 qubits with current neural network–based decoders. Such a problem can be tackled by a distributed way of decoding, similar to the renormalization group (RG) decoders. In this paper, we introduce a decoding algorithm that combines the concept of RG decoding and neural network–based decoders. We tested the decoding performance under depolarizing noise with noiseless error syndrome measurements for the rotated surface code and compared against the blossom algorithm and a neural network–based decoder. We show that a similar level of decoding performance can be achieved between all tested decoders while providing a solution to the scalability issues of neural network–based decoders.
Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of Mixed Tocopheryl Phosphates in Rats (2007)

Rats were fed diets containing 0%, 1%, 3%, or 5% mixed tocopheryl phosphates for 90 days. No abnormal clinical signs related to treatment appeared. Some statistically significant changes in hematology and clinical chemistry parameters appeared, but the majority were not dose dependent, occurred in only one sex or group, and/or remained within the historical control range for this strain of rat. A statistically significant apparent reduction in blood protein was observed in animals treated with the tocopheryl phosphates, but further investigation showed that the test substance interfered with the protein assay. Repeat analysis using a method unaffected by plasma test substance levels showed no difference in plasma proteins among all groups. Gross necropsy revealed no abnormalities; reduced relative heart and epididymal weights were observed, but were not dose dependent and were considered incidental. Histopathological changes occurred only in the mesenteric lymph node and small intestine. Foreign material in a crystal-like form appeared in macrophages in both organs, and increased in a dose-related fashion. In the lymph node, sinus histiocytosis increased with dose, but the severity was similar between the control and low-dose groups. Foreign-body granulomatous inflammation, associated with Maltese cross birefringence of the crystals was seen in the mid- and high-dose animals, but not the low-dose group. Similarly, the small intestine showed increasing amounts of foreign material and inflammation in the mid- and high-dose but not in the 1% diet. The 1% diet (equivalent to 587 and 643 mg mixed tocopheryl phosphates/kg body weight/day for male and female rats, respectively) was considered the no observed adverse effect level.
Design of Helical Capacitance Sensor for Holdup Measurement in Two-Phase Stratified Flow: A Sinusoidal Function Approach (2016)

A 360° twisted helical capacitance sensor was developed for holdup measurement in horizontal two-phase stratified flow. Instead of suppressing nonlinear response, the sensor was optimized in such a way that a 'sine-like' function was displayed on top of the linear function. This concept of design had been implemented and verified in both software and hardware. A good agreement was achieved between the finite element model of proposed design and the approximation model (pure sinusoidal function), with a maximum difference of ±1.2%. In addition, the design parameters of the sensor were analysed and investigated. It was found that the error in symmetry of the sinusoidal function could be minimized by adjusting the pitch of helix. The experiments of air-water and oil-water stratified flows were carried out and validated the sinusoidal relationship with a maximum difference of ±1.2% and ±1.3% for the range of water holdup from 0.15 to 0.85. The proposed design concept therefore may pose a promising alternative for the optimization of capacitance sensor design.
A Resonant Current-Mode Wireless Power Receiver and Battery Charger With −32 dBm Sensitivity for Implantable Systems (2016)

Wireless power transfer for implantable systems must harvest very low power levels due to low incident power on human tissues and a small receiver coil size. This work proposes resonant current-mode charging to reduce minimum harvestable input power and increase power efficiency at low input power levels. Avoiding rectification and voltage regulation from conventional voltage-mode methods, this work resonates an LC tank for multiple cycles to build up energy, then directly charges a battery with inductor current. A prototype is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Minimum harvestable input power is 600 nW and maximum power efficiency is 67.6% at 4.2 μW input power. Power transmission through bovine tissue is measured to have negligible efficiency loss, making this technique amenable to implantable applications.
On-line collision avoidance for redundant manipulators (2002)

A simple and robust approach to online collision avoidance for kinematically redundant manipulators is presented. The scheme represents obstacles as inequality constraints in the manipulator workspace and ensures that these inequalities are satisfied while the end-effector tracks the desired trajectory. The control scheme is the damped-least-squares formulation of the configuration control approach implemented as a kinematic controller. Computer simulation results are given for a seven-degree-of-freedom redundant arm and demonstrate the collision-avoidance capability for reaching inside a truss structure. Experimental results confirming that the approach provides a simple and effective method for online collision avoidance are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On-chip optical mode conversion based on dynamic grating in photonic-phononic hybrid waveguide (2015)

We present a scheme for reversible and tunable on-chip optical mode conversion based on dynamic grating in a hybrid photonic-phononic waveguide. The dynamic grating is built up through the acousto-optic effect and the theoretical model of the optical mode conversion is developed by considering the geometrical deformation and refractive index change. Three kinds of mode conversions are able to be realized using the same hybrid waveguide structure in a large bandwidth by only changing the launched acoustic frequency. The complete mode conversion can be achieved by choosing a proper acoustic power under a given waveguide length.
Bilateral depth-discontinuity filter for novel view synthesis (2010)

In this paper, a new filtering technique addresses the disocclusions problem issued from the depth image based rendering (DIBR) technique within 3DTV framework. An inherent problem with DIBR is to fill in the newly exposed areas (holes) caused by the image warping process. In opposition with multiview video (MVV) systems, such as free viewpoint television (FTV), where multiple reference views are used for recovering the disocclusions, we consider in this paper a 3DTV system based on a video-plus-depth sequence which provides only one reference view of the scene. To overcome this issue, disocclusion removal can be achieved by pre-processing the depth video and/or post-processing the warped image through hole-filling techniques. Specifically, we propose in this paper a pre-processing of the depth video based on a bilateral filtering according to the strength of the depth discontinuity. Experimental results are shown to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method compared to the traditional methods.
Powder Synthesis and Characterization of Amorphous Carbon Nitride (2000)

Carbon nitride powder has been prepared by solid-state reaction between cyanuric chloride or its fluoro analogue and lithium nitride. The determined, by elemental analysis, atomic N/C ratio (1.33) in the synthesized material is entirely consistent with the C3N4 stoichiometry. Combined material characterization data, obtained by Fourier transform infrared, Raman, UV−visible, (13C) magic-angle spinning NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, and pyrolysis−electron ionization mass spectrometry methods, provide substantial evidence for graphite-like sp2-bonded structure composed of building blocks of s-triazine rings bridged by the 3-fold coordinated nitrogen atoms in the bulk carbon nitride. As indicated by X-ray and scanning electron microscopy analytical data, the material is amorphous and changes from turbostratic to more ordered layered graphitic morphology under high pressures. The availability of stoichiometric carbon nitride a-C3N4 in gram quantities, made possible by a developed low-cost synthetic method, facilitates the extensive studies of bulk processing and electromechanical properties, and high-pressure/high-temperature transformations of this material into superhard crystalline polymorphic phases.
Automatic Document Summarization via Deep Neural Networks (2015)

Automatic document summarization aim to extracting sentences which might cover the main content of a document or documents. To achieve this, many algorithms have been tried to rank the sentences by using task-specific features in a shallow architecture. The main challenge of these approaches is to keep balance between information coverage and redundancy because of absence of discovering the intrinsic semantic representation. Inspired by the recent successful achievement of Deep Learning, this paper proposes a new framework of document summarization via Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Specifically, we feed the sentences as the input to the visible layer of DNNs. After pretraining layer by layer and fine-tuning, the lower dimensional semantic space can be revealed. Based on this space, we design sentences extraction algorithm to construct the summary. Experiments on the DUC2006 and DUC2007 dataset show that our framework works better than state-of-the-art methods.