gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A human monoclonal antibody specific for the leucine-33 (P1A1, HPA-1a) form of platelet glycoprotein IIIa from a V gene phage display library (1995)

IgG alloantibodies to polymorphic platelet glycoproteins (GPs) are known to be responsible for severe thrombocytopenia in the neonate and after transfusion. Platelet GPIIIa can have either a leucine or a proline at residue 33. The most immunogenic platelet alloantigen in thrombocytopenia is the leucine 33 form of GPIIIa. Here, we have generated human monoclonal antibody fragments that are specific for the leucine and not the proline form of GPIIIa and can inhibit the binding of polyclonal human IgG alloantibodies to GPIIIa leucine 33 on platelets. The antibody fragments were selected from a library of single chain Fv fragments displayed on the surface of filamentous phage. The VH gene repertoire was derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of an alloimmunized individual and recombined with a VL gene repertoire from a nonimmune source. Antibodies such as these, which are able to distinguish between two variant forms of a native antigen and which have been unobtainable by conventional hybridoma technology, have both diagnostic and potential therapeutic applications.
The chemistry of chlorogenic acid from green coffee and its role in attenuation of obesity and diabetes (2020)

An overview of green coffee, the unroasted bean enriched with antioxidants, is presented in the following article. Green coffee beans are known to have a higher content of chlorogenic acid (CGA) with potential health benefits like activity against hypertension, diabetes, obesity, etc. There are three major classes of chlorogenic acids present in green coffee beans, namely: caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), di-caffeoylquinic acid (diCQA) and feruloylquinic acid (FQA). Another pivotal component of the green beans is caffeic acid. A compilation of the different research studies and reviews pertaining to the diverse biomolecules present in the green coffee, their structure and the different sources of CGA is presented. The traditional and modern methods of the extraction of CGA are also studied. Green coffee upon roasting develops its aromatic characteristics but the flavor development comes with a reciprocation of reduced chlorogenic acid content. Thus, the effect of processing is also addressed. There are numerous studies conducted to show the health benefits associated with the consumption of green coffee out of which, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects are particularly concentrated in this article.
FlexVAPs: a system for managing virtual appliances in heterogeneous virtualized environments (2009)

Virtual appliances have emerged as an important concept in systems virtualization. They are conceived as data packages that can be electronically delivered and easily shared and distributed. A virtual appliance usually contains at least an operating system, libraries and tools targeted to provide a specific service on top of a virtual machine monitor. As virtualization technologies are rapidly evolving, there are many virtual machine monitors in the market and it is increasingly usual to have multiple, different monitors coexisting in the same software infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a software system for managing virtual appliances in such kind of heterogeneous virtualized infrastructure. This system, named FlexVAPs, provide the users with a flexible and adaptable virtual appliance management system, allowing to instantiate virtual machines over different types of virtual machine monitors. To validate our ideas, we designed and prototyped a system architecture based on weakly coupled and specialized components. This allows us to extend and use the system in different computing environments, easily meeting users particular requirements. At the end of this paper, we establish a comparison among FlexVAPs and two major solutions targeted to virtual appliance management, so as to highlight their benefits and drawbacks.
Trapped-Energy Vibratory Gyroscopes Using Rotated Y-cut LiNbO<sub>3</sub> (1998)

In a rotated Y -cut plate of class (3m) crystal such as LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 , two orthogonal thickness-shear vibrations can be excited independently, by electric fields perpendicular and parallel to the plate surface. Using the trapped-energy thickness-shear vibrations, vibratory gyroscopes of easy support with no need of trimming are expected to be realized. In this paper, a trapped-energy vibratory gyroscope using a rotated Y -cut of LiNbO 3 is proposed. It is shown experimentally that by choosing appropriate electrode dimensions the resonance frequencies of the two orthogonal thickness-shear vibrations almost coincide with each other, and the energy of the thickness-shear vibrations is trapped around the electrodes. The basic characteristics of a vibratory gyroscope using a 163° rotated Y -cut LiNbO 3 plate, about 2 mm thick, is presented.
Analysis of 5G-TSN Integration to Support Industry 4.0 (2020)

Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) is becoming the standard Ethernet-based technology for converged networks of Industry 4.0 due to its capacity to support deterministic latency requirements. However, it cannot provide the required flexibility to support mobile industrial applications required for the factories of the future. This could be enabled through the integration of wireless technologies in factories, and in particular of 5G and Beyond networks since they have been designed to support ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. This has triggered significant interest to integrate 5G and TSN networks, and first frameworks for such integration have been defined. However, the work is at early stages and the solutions to effectively integrate the two networks so that 5G can support TSN QoS levels are yet to be designed. This paper discusses current research and standardization work on 5G-TSN integration, and quantifies for a closed loop control application the 5GS bridge delay. The paper uses an example based on 5G-ACIA [1] to discuss open technical and research challenges to effectively integrate 5G and TSN.
Intravenous immunoglobulin: a review. (1989)

Intramuscular immunoglobulin products developed for the prophylaxis of viral diseases and used in replacement therapy in immunodeficiency diseases have been superseded by products suitable for intravenous administration. Modified and intact immunoglobulin preparations are available for therapeutic use; only the intact products express full Fc-mediated function and the biological half-life of IgG (3-4 weeks). While adverse reactions to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) do occur, they are infrequent. Rare clusters of non-A, non-B hepatitis after the use of some lots of IVIG have been reported. Transmission of HIV has never been documented. The administration of IVIG in replacement therapy in primary immunodeficiency syndromes and in secondary immunodeficiencies, as well as for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, is discussed, and reports of the use of IVIG for immune modulation in autoimmune and immune-complex disease are summarized.
Tourette syndrome and autistic disorder: A significant relationship (1991)

The histories of 10 children with autistic disorder or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) cooccurring with familial Tourette syndrome (TS) are presented. Evidence from the histories of the patients and their relatives combined with other reports of cases of cooccurrence of TS and autism provides support for the hypothesis that TS may be responsible for cases of coocurrence of the disorders, contributes significantly to the etiological heterogeneity of autistic disorder and that a portion of cases of autism may actually be a result of homozygosity for the TS gene. In addition, the presence of affective disorders and autistic-like syndromes or mild disturbances of social relatedness in some of the pedigrees suggests the hypothesis that TS may be responsible for a subgroup of families with cooccurring affective and autistic disorders and for some cases of familial aggregation of autism-PDD.
Calixarenes. 17. Functionalized calixarenes: the Claisen rearrangement route (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalixarenes. 17. Functionalized calixarenes: the Claisen rearrangement routeC. David Gutsche, Jeffrey A. Levine, and P. K. SujeethCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 26, 5802–5806Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00350a072https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00350a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1926Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atrioventricular plane displacement is the major contributor to left ventricular pumping in healthy adults, athletes, and patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (2006)

Previous studies using echocardiography in healthy subjects have reported conflicting data regarding the percentage of the stroke volume (SV) of the left ventricle (LV) resulting from longitudinal and radial function, respectively. Therefore, the aim was to quantify the percentage of SV explained by longitudinal atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) in controls, athletes, and patients with decreased LV function due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Twelve healthy subjects, 12 elite triathletes, and 12 patients with DCM and ejection fraction below 30% were examined by cine magnetic resonance imaging. AVPD and SV were measured in long- and short-axis images, respectively. The percentage of the SV explained by longitudinal function (SV(AVPD%)) was calculated as the mean epicardial area of the largest short-axis slices in end diastole multiplied by the AVPD and divided by the SV. SV was higher in athletes [140 +/- 4 ml (mean +/- SE), P = 0.009] and lower in patients (72 +/- 7 ml, P < 0.001) when compared with controls (116 +/- 6 ml). AVPD was similar in athletes (17 +/- 1 mm, P = 0.45) and lower in patients (7 +/- 1 mm, P < 0.001) when compared with controls (16 +/- 0 mm). SV(AVPD%) was similar both in athletes (57 +/- 2%, P = 0.51) and in patients (67 +/- 4%, P = 0.24) when compared with controls (60 +/- 2%). In conclusion, longitudinal AVPD is the primary contributor to LV pumping and accounts for approximately 60% of the SV. Although AVPD is less than half in patients with DCM when compared with controls and athletes, the contribution of AVPD to LV function is maintained, which can be explained by the larger short-axis area in DCM.
Species-Specific, Nested PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Detection of Single <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Oocysts (2001)

Concurrent with recent advances seen with Cryptosporidium parvum detection in both treated and untreated water is the need to properly evaluate these advances. A micromanipulation method by which known numbers of C. parvum oocysts, even a single oocyst, can be delivered to a test matrix for detection sensitivity is presented. Using newly developed nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism primers, PCR sensitivity was evaluated with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, or 10 oocysts. PCR detection rates (50 samples for each number of oocysts) ranged from 38% for single oocysts to 92% for 5 oocysts, while 10 oocysts were needed to achieve 100% detection. The nested PCR conditions amplified products from C. parvum, Cryptosporidium baileyi, and Cryptosporidium serpentis but no other Cryptosporidium sp. or protozoan tested. Restriction enzyme digestion with VspI distinguished between C. parvum genotypes 1 and 2. Restriction enzyme digestion with DraII distinguished C. parvum from C. baileyi and C. serpentis. Use of known numbers of whole oocysts encompasses the difficulty of liberating DNA from the oocyst and eliminates the standard deviation inherent within a dilution series. To our knowledge this is the first report in which singly isolated C. parvum oocysts were used to evaluate PCR sensitivity. This achievement illustrates that PCR amplification of a single oocyst is feasible, yet sensitivity remains an issue, thereby illustrating the difficulty of dealing with low oocyst numbers when working with environmental water samples.
Putting Auction Theory to Work: Ascending Auctions with Package Bidding (2000)

Ascending auctions with package bidding and their economic uses are explained and the main results of recent FCC-sponsored experiments with such auctions are summarized. A benchmark model is formulated that accounts for the experimental results. In the benchmark, if each bidder bids &quot;straightforwardly&quot; at each round for its potentially most profitable package, then the total payoff is approximately maximized by the final allocation---all payoff approximations here have error bounds proportional to the bid increment. With just two bidders, straightforward bidding strategies constitute an approximate equilibrium, but there can also be other equilibria. A bidder whose competitors all bid straightforwardly has a best reply that entails bidding straightforwardly but with maximal delays, suggesting a concern for the auctions time-to-completion. A new class of simple &quot;bid improvement rules&quot; is introduced that prevents such delays and accelerates the auction without unnecessarily degrading auction performance relative to the unmodified benchmark. The results are used to formulate recommendations for the FCC auction design. 1.
Predicting RNA H-type pseudoknots with the massively parallel genetic algorithm (1997)

The GA is applied to folding the tRNA-like 3' end of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) RNA sequence with 82 nucleotides, the 3' UTRs of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV)-2 RNA sequence with 619 nucleotides and STNV-I RNA sequence with 622 nucleotides, and the bacteriophage T2, T4 and T6 gene 32 mRNA sequences with 946, 1340 and 946 nucleotides, respectively. The GA's results match the phylogenetically supported tertiary structures of these sequences.
Anticalculus Effects of a Novel, Dual-Phase Polypyrophosphate Dentifrice: Chemical Basis, Mechanism, and Clinical Response (1999)

Abstract A primary patient motivation for oral hygiene is effective cleaning. Dentifrice serves this function by including ingredients such as abrasives, surfactants, and specialized cleaning ingredients such as anticalculus agents. This introductory article aims to introduce professionals, educators, and researchers on the rationale behind the development of an improved cleaning dentifrice formulation, Crest ® Multicare Advanced Cleaning. This new dentifrice is based upon the application of an improved tartar control/cleaning ingredient that is a polymeric adjunct of a pyrophosphate anion commonly applied in tartar control and stain control whitening dentifrices. The polypyrophosphate anion, also referred to as sodium hexametaphosphate, produces superior activity and substantivity on oral surfaces as compared to both pyrophosphate and some other commonly used dental cleaning ingredients and cleaning/conditioning adjuncts. The increased activity and substantivity translate into significant improvements in the prevention of dental stains and supragingival calculus and in the non-abrasive removal of dental stains. This article describes the structure of polypyrophosphate as compared to the parent pyrophosphate molecule, the rationale for its improved chemistry, and, in particular, its tartar control chemistry. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms of calculus formation and inhibition are reviewed. Lastly, a preliminary clinical study evaluating the improved efficacy of a polypyrophosphate dentifrice is described where the tartar control activity of the polypyrophosphate dentifrice is shown to be superior to that of a clinically established and marketed industry standard pyrophosphate dentifrice.
Fall Prediction and Prevention Systems: Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Directions (2017)

Fall prediction is a multifaceted problem that involves complex interactions between physiological, behavioral, and environmental factors. Existing fall detection and prediction systems mainly focus on physiological factors such as gait, vision, and cognition, and do not address the multifactorial nature of falls. In addition, these systems lack efficient user interfaces and feedback for preventing future falls. Recent advances in internet of things (IoT) and mobile technologies offer ample opportunities for integrating contextual information about patient behavior and environment along with physiological health data for predicting falls. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in fall detection and prediction systems. It also describes the challenges, limitations, and future directions in the design and implementation of effective fall prediction and prevention systems.
Potent inhibition of membrane-bound rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase by a new series of phosphate analogues (1981)

The inhibition by phosphonates and phosphate analogues of the alkaline phosphatase activity of rat intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles was studied at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C. Phenylene-1,3-diphosphonate, 2,6-dinitrophenylphosphonate and phosphonoacetaldehyde were found to be competitive inhibitors, with Ki values in the range 16-80 microM. Adenosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate and adenosine 5'[gamma-thio]triphosphate are also very potent inhibitors, with Ki values of approx. 10 microM. The inhibition produced by these thiophosphates was mainly competitive but with a slight non-competitive element. Adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate is also a competitive inhibitor of the alkaline phosphatase, but oxidation of the ribose moiety of this compound with NaIO4 results in an active-site-directed irreversible inhibitor that could be of general use in studies of the mechanism of action of this enzyme.
3-(Dimethylboryl)pyridine:  Synthesis, Structure, and Remarkable Steric Effects in Scrambling Reactions (2007)

A facile method for the synthesis of 3-(dimethylboryl)pyridine (1a) is described. Compound 1a assembles into a rigid cyclic tetramer stabilized via intermolecular boron-nitrogen coordination bonds both in the crystalline state and in solution. The outstanding structural feature of 1a, as compared with previously reported 3-(diethylboryl)pyridine (2a) (which adopts a cone conformation), is that the tetramer of 1a adopts a 1,2-alternate conformation. To investigate the effect of substituents at the boron atom on the stabilities of the oligomers, scrambling experiments of the component molecules using 1, 2, and 3-(di-n-butylboryl)pyridines 3 were carried out. Although heating at 80-90 degrees C for 20 h was required to attain the equilibrium of the scrambling reactions when the component molecules of the tetramers were 2 or 3, the scrambling in 1 proceeded under relatively mild conditions (60 degrees C, 3 h). This difference in reaction conditions required for 1, as compared to conditions required for 2 or 3, could not be explained solely by the stabilities based on bond lengths or THC. It appears that whereas only an S(N)1-type pathway may be involved in the scrambling of 2 or 3, both S(N)1- and S(N)2-type mechanisms operate simultaneously during scrambling reactions of 1 or an intermediate mechanism between S(N)1 and S(N)2 operates, which was supported by kinetic studies and calculations using model compounds.
The accumulation of influenza A virus segment 7 spliced mRNAs is regulated by the NS1 protein (2011)

The influenza A virus M1 mRNA is alternatively spliced to produce M2 mRNA, mRNA(3), and in some cases, M4 mRNA. Splicing of influenza mRNAs is carried out by the cellular splicing machinery and is thought to be regulated, as both spliced and unspliced mRNAs encode proteins. In this study, we used radioactively labelled primers to investigate the accumulation of spliced and unspliced M segment mRNAs in viral infection and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) reconstitution assays in which only the minimal components required for transcription and replication to occur were expressed. We found that co-expression of the viral NS1 protein in an RNP reconstitution assay altered the accumulation of spliced mRNAs compared with when it was absent, and that this activity was dependent on the RNA-binding ability of NS1. These findings suggest that the NS1 protein plays a role in the regulation of splicing of influenza virus M1 mRNA.
Improving relevance feedback in the vector space model (1997)

Since the use of relevance f&back in information retrieval to impmve precision and recall was first proposed in the Iate-1960's, many different techniques have been used to improve the results obtained from relevance feedback. Siice most information retrieval systems perfbrming relevance feedback use combinations of several techniques, the individual contribution of each technique to the overall improvement is reIatively unknown. We discuss several techniques to improve relevance feedback including calibrating the number of top-ranked documents or feedback terms used for relevance feedback, clustering the top-ranked documents, changing the term weighting formula, and scaling the weight of the feedback terms. The impact of each technique on improving precision and recall is investigated using the Tipster document collection. We compare our work to a commonly accepted approach of using 50 words and 20 phrases for relevance f&back and show a 3 1% improvement in average precision over the commonly accepted approach when IO feedback terms (either words or phrases) are used. In addition, we have identitied a method which shows promise in predicting those queries which benetit Corn reIevance feedback
Network monitoring for passively split optical fibre networks (1997)

Optical fibre networks offer an attractive solution to network operators for the distribution of video and other integrated broadband services to potential customers. One possible fibre network architecture for broadband distribution is the passive optical network (PON). It consists of a number of cascaded passive optical power splitters, originating from a single optical fibre, and it may be terminated at the customer's premises with optical nodes, wherein each node may contain a number of optical connectors and other optical components. The maintenance of such passively split networks presents a new set of challenges to service providers, as due to the star topology, the various branches of the network are likely be equidistant from the transmitter such that they cannot be sensibly probed and addressed from the head-end via a conventional maintenance instrument such as the optical time domain reflectometer. A frequency domain reflectometry technique is employed for characterising and monitoring the passively split optical fibre network, wherein, the reflectometer (OFDR) continuously interrogates the fibre network by reporting upon the status of reflective nodes distributed throughout the PON. (4 pages)