gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonsterile <scp>l</scp>-Lysine Fermentation Using Engineered Phosphite-Grown <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2021)

Fermentation using <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> is an important method for the industrial production of amino acids. However, conventional fermentation processes using <i>C. glutamicum</i> are susceptible to microbial contamination and therefore require equipment sterilization or antibiotic dosing. To establish a more robust fermentation process, l-lysine-producing <i>C. glutamicum</i> was engineered to efficiently utilize xenobiotic phosphite (Pt) by optimizing the expression of Pt dehydrogenase in the <i>exeR</i> genome locus. This ability provided <i>C. glutamicum</i> with a competitive advantage over common contaminating microbes when grown on media containing Pt as a phosphorus source instead of phosphate. As a result, the engineered strain could produce 41.00 g/L l-lysine under nonsterile conditions during batch fermentation for 60 h, whereas the original strain required 72 h to produce 40.78 g/L l-lysine under sterile conditions. Therefore, the recombinant strain can efficiently produce l-lysine under nonsterilized conditions with unaffected production efficiency. Although this anticontamination strategy has been previously reported for other species, this is the first time it has been demonstrated in <i>C. glutamicum</i>; these findings should aid in the further development of cost-efficient amino acid fermentation processes.
Wide-angle nonmechanical beam steering using liquid lenses (2016)

Nonmechanical beam steering is a rapidly growing branch of adaptive optics with applications such as light detection and ranging, imaging, optical communications, and atomic physics. Here, we present an innovative technique for one- and two-dimensional beam steering using multiple tunable liquid lenses. We use an approach in which one lens controls the spot divergence, and one to two decentered lenses act as prisms and steer the beam. Continuous 1D beam steering was demonstrated, achieving steering angles of ±39° using two tunable liquid lenses. The beam scanning angle was further enhanced to ±75° using a fisheye lens. By adding a third tunable liquid lens, we achieved 2D beam steering of ±75°. In this approach, the divergence of the scanning beam is controlled at all steering angles.
Off-line cursive script word recognition (1995)

Cursive script word recognition is the problem of transforming a word from the iconic form of cursive writing to its symbolic form. Several component processes of a recognition system for isolated offline cursive script words are described. A word image is transformed through a hierarchy of representation levels: points, contours, features, letters, and words. A unique feature representation is generated bottom-up from the image using statistical dependences between letters and features. Ratings for partially formed words are computed using a stack algorithm and a lexicon represented as a trie. Several novel techniques for low- and intermediate-level processing for cursive script are described, including heuristics for reference line finding, letter segmentation based on detecting local minima along the lower contour and areas with low vertical profiles, simultaneous encoding of contours and their topological relationships, extracting features, and finding shape-oriented events. Experiments demonstrating the performance of the system are also described. >
Recycled Error Bits: Energy-Efficient Architectural Support for Higher Precision Floating Point (2013)

In this work, we provide energy-efficient architectural support for floating point accuracy. Our goal is to provide accuracy that is far greater than that provided by the processor's hardware floating point unit (FPU). Specifically, for each floating point addition performed, we "recycle" that operation's error: the difference between the finite-precision result produced by the hardware and the result that would have been produced by an infinite-precision FPU. We make this error architecturally visible such that it can be used, if desired, by software. Experimental results on physical hardware show that software that exploits architecturally recycled error bits can achieve accuracy comparable to a 2B-bit FPU with performance and energy that are comparable to a B-bit FPU.
Rapid microwave-assisted acid extraction of southern pine waste wood to remove metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treatment (2012)

Abstract Recovery of metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated southern pine wood particles was investigated by extraction in a microwave reactor with binary combinations of acetic acid (AA), oxalic acid (OxA), and phosphoric acid (PhA). Use of OxA was not successful, as insoluble copper oxalate complexes impeded copper removal. The combination of OxA and AA also had adverse effects on copper extraction. In contrast, the combination of AA and PhA enhanced the chromium recovery rate. The highest recovery rate of metals could be achieved with a mixture of 2.75% PhA and 0.5% AA at 130°C for 10 min in the microwave oven. The total recovery rate approached 100% for arsenic, 96.7% for chromium, and 98.6% for copper in a one-step process.
Deep Sketch Hashing: Fast Free-Hand Sketch-Based Image Retrieval (2017)

Free-hand sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR) is a specific cross-view retrieval task, in which queries are abstract and ambiguous sketches while the retrieval database is formed with natural images. Work in this area mainly focuses on extracting representative and shared features for sketches and natural images. However, these can neither cope well with the geometric distortion between sketches and images nor be feasible for large-scale SBIR due to the heavy continuous-valued distance computation. In this paper, we speed up SBIR by introducing a novel binary coding method, named Deep Sketch Hashing (DSH), where a semi-heterogeneous deep architecture is proposed and incorporated into an end-to-end binary coding framework. Specifically, three convolutional neural networks are utilized to encode free-hand sketches, natural images and, especially, the auxiliary sketch-tokens which are adopted as bridges to mitigate the sketch-image geometric distortion. The learned DSH codes can effectively capture the cross-view similarities as well as the intrinsic semantic correlations between different categories. To the best of our knowledge, DSH is the first hashing work specifically designed for category-level SBIR with an end-to-end deep architecture. The proposed DSH is comprehensively evaluated on two large-scale datasets of TU-Berlin Extension and Sketchy, and the experiments consistently show DSHs superior SBIR accuracies over several state-of-the-art methods, while achieving significantly reduced retrieval time and memory footprint.
Novel polyether antibiotics X-14868A,B,C,and D produced by a Nocardia. Discovery,fermentation,biological as well as ionophore properties and taxonomy of the producing culture. (1983)

A hitherto undescribed Nocardia culture has been isolated from an Australian soil sample and found to produce novel polyether antibiotics X-14868A, X-14868B, X-14868C and X-14868D.
An integrated optical XY coupler for phase-sensitive optical-power combining and suppression of radiated light (1995)

We have designed and fabricated a new type of XY coupler for phase-sensitive combining of coherent light in waveguide PIC's. The XY coupler uses two input waveguides and couples in-phase light into the middle of its three output waveguides. Out-of-phase light is coupled into the two outer waveguides. 15.5-dB extinction ratio is demonstrated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer using this new XY coupler. Switching from the inner to the outer waveguides at the output is also demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compressive Sensing for Sparse Touch Detection on Capacitive Touch Screens (2012)

Capacitive touch screens are ubiquitous in today's electronic devices. Improved touch screen responsiveness and resolution can be achieved at the expense of the touch screen controller analog hardware complexity and power consumption. This paper proposes an alternative compressive sensing based approach to exploit the sparsity of simultaneous touches with respect to the number of sensor nodes to achieve similar levels of responsiveness. It is possible to reduce the analog data acquisition complexity at the cost of extra digital computations with less total power consumption. Using compressive sensing, in order to resolve the positions of the sparse touches, the number of measurements required is related to the number of touches rather than the number of nodes. Detailed measurement circuits and methodologies are presented along with the corresponding reconstruction algorithm.
Flagellin-TLR5 Immune Response: A Novel Mechanism To Reduce GvHD In Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2010)

Immunosuppressive drugs are used to limit GvHD but causes complications. To develop an alternative approach to control GvHD, we tested the immunomodulatory immune properties of flagellin, a bacterial protein that agonistically binds with TLR5. We used established B6 to CB6F1 and B10.BR to B6 allogeneic HSCT recipients had both acute and chronic GvHD. 50 μg flagellin administered i.p 3 hours before 11 Gy irradiation. 5 million (M) T-cell depleted bone marrow (TCD BM) and 5 M splenocytes of congeneic donors were transplanted i.v. 24 hours later another dose of flagellin were administered i.p. Control recipients were treated with 0.2 ml PBS i.p. HSCT mice were monitored every day for mortality. Weight of individual mice was measured twice a week until 30 days post transplant and once a week after that to measure GvHD. Immune reconstitution was determined by measuring immune cells/organs and infecting the recipients with 5×10E3 pfu MCMV i.p. Flagellin treated recipients of in B6 to F1 model survived 100% and gained weight to almost normal level within 66 days post transplant. But the control group survived 80% and had signs of chronic GvHD. Flagellin-treated recipients in B10 to B6 model had 15% weight-loss and 33% transplant-related death by 132 days post transplant versus had severe acute GvHD and 100% early post-transplant mortality among control HSCT recipients. Flagellin-treated recipients in B6 to F1 model showed 100% chimerism with significantly higher number of donor spleen- and BM-derived CD4+ and CD8+T cells per spleen in untreated recipients compared to control recipients within 66 days post transplant. In the spleen CFSE labeled CD4+T cells divided faster in flagellin-treated recipients than the control recipients and decreasing the number of CD4+CD62L+ T cells within 4 days post transplant. B6 to F1 recipients were infected with MCMV on 70+ days post transplant. Control mice died within day 10 post infection whereas flagellin-treated recipients recovered from MCMV infection and had higher number anti-viral+ CD8+T cells in their blood on day 10 and 35 post infection. Increased numbers of CD25+foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cells were also measured from their thymus on day 35 post MCMV infection. Flagellin treatment successfully controlled GvHD, enhances donor T-cell engraftment, had brisk and persistent cellular immune responses in lymphoid organs to protect recipients from viral infection.
The geometrical design of membraneless micro fuel cells: Failure and success (2009)

A comprehensive numerical study of membraneless micro fuel cells with various geometries is carried out with the aim of reducing the mixing of the anode and cathode fluids and increasing their fuel utilization. Designs with blocks or obstacles in the main channel or a main channel with a wavy shape result in very little improvement in these properties or even in their deterioration. However, some designs with other types of channel cross-section exhibit much less mixing of the two fluids in the main channel. In particular, an octagonal cross-section is found to result in better performance. However, the difficulty of the micro fabrication of fuel cells with this design encourages us to test two other geometries for the cross-section: H-shaped and trident-shaped. The H-shaped cross-section exhibits much less mixing in the main channel and much higher fuel utilization. The fuel cell with a trident-shaped cross-section has two inlets for the anode and cathode fluids and a third inlet for the proton-conducting fluid, and is found to be the best design in that the anode and cathode fluids are more restricted to their respective electrodes (reaction surfaces). Further, in this design the reactants cover only 40% of the channel width, which is much less than in the other designs, and maximum fuel utilization is obtained. The failure and success cases will guide for future geometrical design of any micro fluidic devices where mixing and non-mixing issues are the major concerns. The present numerical results are validated by comparison with literature data. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative Strategies for Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid–Liposome Complexes (2002)

Liposomes provide efficient delivery of therapeutic agents that can be repeatedly administered, are non-immunogenic, can penetrate beyond tight barriers to reach disease targets, and can be regulated as drugs versus biologics. Furthermore, using improved technologies, liposomes can be targeted for delivery to specific cell surface receptors resulting in efficient nuclear uptake of nucleic acids within the cell. Current methods have been inefficient in producing high levels of gene expression in target cells after delivery of plasmid DNA. This chapter focuses on the problems of the current targeting strategies and on new approaches that overcome the obstacles discussed.
Ultrashort-pulse multichannel infrared spectroscopy using broadband frequency conversion in LiIO_3 (1989)

A simple probing method for obtaining broadband multichannel infrared spectra with picosecond or higher time resolution is described. Spectrally broad infrared pulses are produced by difference frequency mixing in LiIO(3) between the second harmonic of a Nd(+3):YAG laser and the broadband output of a synchronously pumped dye laser. After sample absorption the infrared pulse is upconverted by a second LiIO(3) crystal, which yields a visible pulse that is dispersed on a multichannel vidicon detector to obtain transient spectra of 4-cm(-1) FWHM resolution.
Comparative Genomics Identifies the Genetic Islands That Distinguish <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> , the Agent of Cerebrospinal Meningitis, from Other <i>Neisseria</i> Species (2002)

Neisseria meningitidis colonizes the nasopharynx and, unlike commensal Neisseria species, is capable of entering the bloodstream, crossing the blood-brain barrier, and invading the meninges. The other pathogenic Neisseria species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, generally causes an infection which is localized to the genitourinary tract. In order to investigate the genetic basis of this difference in disease profiles, we used a strategy of genomic comparison. We used DNA arrays to compare the genome of N. meningitidis with those of N. gonorrhoeae and Neisseria lactamica, a commensal of the nasopharynx. We thus identified sequences conserved among a representative set of virulent strains which are either specific to N. meningitidis or shared with N. gonorrhoeae but absent from N. lactamica. Though these bacteria express dramatically different pathogenicities, these meningococcal sequences were limited and, in contrast to what has been found in other pathogenic bacterial species, they are not organized in large chromosomal islands.
High-efficiency narrow-band holographic reflective filter for DWDM (2001)

Summary form only given. A multicomponent silicate photosensitive glass was used as a medium for Bragg grating recording. The Bragg grating formation is a two-step process: UV irradiation followed by thermal treatment. Samples were exposed to the interference pattern of a He-Cd laser at 325 nm with corresponding spatial frequency. The narrow band holographic mirrors were recorded for visible and IR regions. The total losses at 1550 nm were in the range of 1%. The high absolute diffraction efficiency of three-dimensional Bragg gratings recorded in PTR glass combined with the potential of narrow band filter fabrication pave the way for the creation of passive optical elements for DWDM technology such as add-drop elements or wave-lockers.
On the effect of reconfigurable antenna radiation patterns on outdoor channel characteristics (2013)

In this paper, using simulation based on multi-ray multi-dimensional multi-antenna state radio channel RF model, we investigate the radiation patterns of the reconfigurable antenna for different states determined by the antenna inclination angle and show its effect on the outdoor channel characteristics in terms of its temporal and spatial variability. We also show, via simulation of a coded communication system, the bit-error-rate performance benefits attained using the best antenna state determined by the average channel gain per codeword.
A 72 dB-DR 465 MHz-BW Continuous-Time 1-2 MASH ADC in 28 nm CMOS (2016)

This paper presents a continuous-time (CT) multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) ADC in 28 nm CMOS. The MASH ADC uses a first-order front-end stage to digitize the input signal and a second-order back-end stage to digitize the quantization noise of the coarse flash ADC inside the front-end. An RC lattice filter and a current-steering DAC are utilized to extract the front-end coarse quantization residue. The prototype MASH ADC chip built in a 28 nm CMOS process is clocked at 8 GHz with an OSR of 8.6, providing a signal bandwidth of 465 MHz. The ADC achieves a DR of 72 dB and an average small-signal NSD of −160 dBFS/Hz. The peak SNR is 68 dB and the peak SNDR is 67 dB. The IM3 is −88 dBFS with two −9 dBFS tones at the band edge. The ADC consumes 890 mW of power from +1.8/1.0/-1.0 V supplies and achieves a thermal noise FOM of 159 dB.
Passive Wireless Frequency Doubling Antenna Sensor for Strain and Crack Sensing (2016)

This paper presents the design, simulation, and validation experiments of a passive (battery-free) wireless frequency doubling antenna sensor for strain and crack sensing. Since the length of a patch antenna governs the antenna’s resonance frequency, a patch antenna bonded to a structural surface can be used to measure mechanical strain or crack propagation by interrogating resonance frequency shift due to antenna length change. In comparison with previous approaches such as radio frequency identification, the frequency doubling scheme is proposed as a new signal modulation approach for the antenna sensor. The proposed approach can easily distinguish backscattered passive sensor signal (at the doubled frequency <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2{f}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) from environmental electromagnetic reflections (at original reader interrogation frequency <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ). To accurately estimate the performance of the frequency doubling antenna sensor, a multi-physics coupled simulation framework is proposed to aid the sensor design while considering both the mechanical and electromagnetic behaviors. Two commercial software packages, COMSOL and Advanced Design System (ADS), are combined to leverage the features from each other. The simulated performance of the frequency doubling antenna sensor is further validated by experiments. The results show that the sensor is capable of detecting small strain changes and the growth of a small crack.
Improving the Operation of Split-Flow Sulfur Recovery Plants with Membrane Technology (2020)

Abstract Sulfur recovery units are used in gas plants and refineries to convert hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to elemental sulfur. H2S occurs naturally in natural gas or is formed as a by-product in refinery and/or petrochemical processing systems (e.g. hydro-treatment). H2S is highly toxic, therefore requiring removal from the gas stream. Efficient processing of H2S and other sulfur-containing compounds is vital in reducing emissions to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations. In a sulfur recovery unit, an acid gas feed stream containing H2S and a source of oxygen, such as air, are fed to a free-flame furnace, followed by multiple catalytic stages to convert most of the H2S into elemental sulfur. This paper introduces a new approach for the operation of split-flow sulfur recovery plants. For lean acid gas (i.e. low hydrogen sulfide content gas), only a fraction of the acid gas is sent to the reaction furnace of the modified Claus sulfur recovery units. The remaining acid gas, or bypassed feed, is merged with the outlet of the reaction furnace stream, downstream of the waste heat recovery unit and upstream of the first sulfur condenser. One benefit of bypassing the reaction furnace is the reduction of the formation of COS and CS2 within the furnace due to the high concentration of CO2 and kinetic limitation. A shortcoming, however, is that a fraction of the heavy hydrocarbons, i.e. Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX), are not destroyed in the furnace reactor as a result of the bypass. BTX can deposit and rapidly deactivate the catalytic beds. To mitigate this risk, an activated carbon bed is installed to trap these hydrocarbons upstream of the catalyst bed. The cyclical nature of the operation of the activated carbon bed (adsorption, regeneration) as well as the risk inherent to the replacement of the contaminated beds call for an alternative approach. In this paper, the improvements discussed relate to the use of membranes that separate BTX along with H2S. The H2S- and BTEX-rich stream is routed to the reaction furnace, unloading the activated carbon bed and thus improving the sulfur recovery plant operability. An associated benefit is the possibility to route a larger fraction of the feed H2S within the reaction furnace such that the risk of O2 breakthrough to the catalyst bed is reduced while operating at a large by-pass fraction. A series of process simulations with different acid gas compositions and different membrane properties were evaluated to determine the impact of membrane selectivity on the acid gas composition sent to the reaction furnace. The results show a significant reduction of BTX and other hydrocarbons sent to catalytic converters and an acid gas enrichment with significant increase in H2S content in the acid gas feeding the reaction furnace. The ability of the membrane to concentrate BTX along with H2S can lead to a new operating philosophy for lean acid gas sulfur recovery plants.