gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
《한비자(韓非子)》 출전 ‘증자살체(曾子殺彘)’ 고사(故事)에 대한 의문 (2020)

The story idiom of Zengzi slaughters the pig has a lesson: “Parents should be exemplary to their children and should always be trusted by their children.” But this idiom and the story behind it have some problems in its details, regardless of this great lesson. These problems can be largely divided into the problem of the development of events and the problem of assertive thought.
“An honest father corrects his careless wife’s lies and keeps his(their) promise with his innocent son.” is the original plot of the story, This plot has a rich literary quality because it has many careful transitions and the characters’s behaviors are symolic. But the problem with the story, which is more difficult than the lack of probability, is that its content does not conform to the rational reason of modern society. The father’s behavior is overly patriarchal, the mother’s behavior is excessively careless, and the child’s shape is too animal. Therefore, we wonder if this idiom is suitable for the liberal arts education of college students.
The main character of this story, Zengzi, is famous as a disciple of Confucius and was an important scholar of ancient Chinese Confusianism thought. In this story, such Zengzi absurdly asserts and teaches the Legalism thought. Zengzi acted on the principle of Awards and punishments rigorously carried out and taught how to be truste by others, which meant the art of living. He was indifferent to the relationship between keeping one’s word and cultivating one’s personality and ideally enhancing one’s life and learning attitude. This has overshadowed the existing common sense that Zengzi was represented in Chinese history by his moral self dicipline via integrity and trust.
With regard to these issues, this paper notes the fact that the origin of this story idiom was Hanfeizi. Although there is no specific literal evidence, It is highly likely that Hanfezi modified the existing story or created a new story to use it as a basis for his Legalistic argument. As a result, this paper assumes that the story idiom of Zengzi slaughters the pig in which Zengzi’s words and actions were falsified or distorted had appeared.
Improvement of the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of insulin by poly(ethylene glycol) conjugation (1999)

Deux derives de l'insuline bovine ont ete obtenus par liaison covalente a une ou deux molecules de monoethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) de poids moleculaire de 5000 Da. Des etudes de dichroisme circulaire ont montre que la liaison d'une chaine polymere n'entrainait que des changements negligeables de la structure secondaire du peptide alors qu'une augmentation de la conformation en helice alpha etait observee avec l'autre conjugue. Des etudes de proteolyse realisees avec la trypsine, la chimotrypsine et la pepsine ont montre une stabilite significativement plus elevee des conjugues par rapport au peptide natif; en outre, la stabilite vis-a-vis des esterases depend du nombre de chaines polymeres fixees au peptide. Le peptide natif est totalement degrade apres 3 h d'incubation en presence d'enzymes proteolytiques; dans les memes conditions une degradation de 67, 65 et 100% est obtenue dans le cas du derive renfermant un poly(ethylene glycol), et une degradation de 0, 28 et 0% est obtenue avec le derive a deux poly(ethylene glycols) apres incubation avec respectivement la trypsine, la chimotrypsine et la pepsine. Des etudes in vivo realisees par administration sous cutanee et intra-veineuse du peptide natif ou modifie a des rats diabetiques ont montre que la conjugaison avec le polymere pouvait modifier l'effet hypoglycemique de l'hormone. L'administration intra-veineuse du derive renfermant une molecule de polymere presente une activite maximale environ 10% plus faible que l'hormone native, tandis qu'une reduction d'environ 20% de l'activite maximale est observee avec le conjugue a deux molecules de polymere. En revanche, apres administration sous cutanee l'effet hypoglycemique obtenu avec le conjugue a une molecule de polymere est tout a fait comparable a celui de l'insuline native, tandis que l'autre conjugue presente une efficacite significativement plus faible bien que l'effet pharmacologique puisse etre maintenu pendant un temps prolonge.
Consequences of Spatial Sampling by a Human Photoreceptor Mosaic (1983)

The short wavelength color mechanism in the human visual system can distinguish gratings from uniform fields of the same average radiance at spatial frequencies that are twice as high as the highest at which it can resolve bars in the grating. This discrimination above the resolution limit is associated with a splotchy or mottled appearance of the grating similar to two-dimensional noise. The most plausible explanation for the mottled pattern is that it is a moiré pattern produced by aliasing (spatial undersampling) by an irregular and sparse mosaic of short wavelength cones.
NVH analysis of a 3 phase 12/8 SR motor drive for HEV applications (2013)

In this study different noise and vibration measurements on a multi-phase 12/8 switched reluctance (SR) motor for automotive applications are carried out on a test rig and analysed with vibro-acoustic techniques. When evaluating the behaviour of rotating machinery for HEV applications, it is necessary to perform a vibro-acoustic analysis. The reason for this is that these specific noise and vibration contribute significantly to the perceived overall sound quality in the passenger compartment and outside the vehicle. Vibrations or high frequency tonal acoustic noise could be annoying for the passengers or could even cause long term damage. Therefore, the noise and vibration must be deliberately optimized. In case of a SR motor, the radial magnetic force between stator and rotor is a main excitation source to create large deformations of the stator housing, causing serious vibrations and acoustic noise. Measurements and results of simulations in different load conditions are compared. In addition, the dominant vibration modes are verified by modal analysis and operational deflection shapes. The unpleasant tonal acoustic radiation of this electric motor is objectively quantified by noise metrics. Finally, the relationship between the current profiles, radial magnetic forces, and mechanical and acoustic vibrations is investigated to obtain a better insight into the root cause of the vibro-acoustic behaviour of the motor.
Characterization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Yb</mml:mi><mml:none/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>171</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>YVO</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>for photonic quantum technologies (2018)

Rare-earth ion crystals are a promising platform for implementing solid-state quantum interfaces, yet there are few combinations of rare-earth and host crystals that simultaneously deliver large optical absorption, narrow inhomogeneous linewidths, and long coherence times. This work investigates the optical and spin properties of ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$ ions in YVO${}_{4}$. The observed properties and simple energy-level structure of the ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{3+}$ ion show that this material has significant potential for creating efficient quantum interfaces, such as ensemble-based memories, microwave-to-optical transducers, and optically addressable single rare-earth ion spin qubits.
Design and Management of 3D Chip Multiprocessors Using Network-in-Memory (2006)

Long interconnects are becoming an increasingly important problem from both power and performance perspectives. This motivates designers to adopt on-chip network-based communication infrastructures and three-dimensional (3D) designs where multiple device layers are stacked together. Considering the current trends towards increasing use of chip multiprocessing, it is timely to consider 3D chip multiprocessor design and memory networking issues, especially in the context of data management in large L2 caches. The overall goal of this paper is to study the challenges for L2 design and management in 3D chip multiprocessors. Our first contribution is to propose a router architecture and a topology design that makes use of a network architecture embedded into the L2 cache memory. Our second contribution is to demonstrate, through extensive experiments, that a 3D L2 memory architecture generates much better results than the conventional two-dimensional (2D) designs under different number of layers and vertical (inter-wafer) connections. In particular, our experiments show that a 3D architecture with no dynamic data migration generates better performance than a 2D architecture that employs data migration. This also helps reduce power consumption in L2 due to a reduced number of data movements.
Tissue Culture Techniques (1994)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl II INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I STERILITY . . . . . . . .
A characterization of subsurface radar targets (1979)

The capability of subsurface target identification at shallow depths has been demonstrated using an electromagnetic video or base-band pulse radar. Real radar measurements were collected for five targets at a depth of 5 cm (2 in) in various ground conditions. These measurements were processed for target characterization and identification. Identification performance based on a single radar observation was evalualted. The identification process requires only simple algebraic operations and thus offers the potential of real-time on-location identification of subsurface targets.
Regularized Variational Bayesian Learning of Echo State Networks with Delay&Sum Readout (2011)

In this work, a variational Bayesian framework for efficient training of echo state networks (ESNs) with automatic regularization and delay&sum (D&S) readout adaptation is proposed. The algorithm uses a classical batch learning of ESNs. By treating the network echo states as fixed basis functions parameterized with delay parameters, we propose a variational Bayesian ESN training scheme. The variational approach allows for a seamless combination of sparse Bayesian learning ideas and a variational Bayesian space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (VB-SAGE) algorithm for estimating parameters of superimposed signals. While the former method realizes automatic regularization of ESNs, which also determines which echo states and input signals are relevant for "explaining" the desired signal, the latter method provides a basis for joint estimation of D&S readout parameters. The proposed training algorithm can naturally be extended to ESNs with fixed filter neurons. It also generalizes the recently proposed expectation-maximization-based D&S readout adaptation method. The proposed algorithm was tested on synthetic data prediction tasks as well as on dynamic handwritten character recognition.
The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression (2001)

Adolescent depression is associated with raised risks of adult suicidality and with persistent interpersonal difficulties. Youths with CD-MDD show more severe and pervasive social dysfunction.
Development of a New Generation of Gold Catalysts for Amine Oxidation (2010)

Abstract A new type of outstandingly active gold catalysts has been developed for the aerobic oxidation of amines to imines. The gold nanoparticles are generated in situ in an organic medium prior to the oxidation reaction. Various gold salts, preferably AuCl 3 and HAuCl 4 ⋅3 H 2 O, can be applied in the presence of nanoceria and the amine substrate acts as the reducing agent. The synergism between gold and ceria evacuated at 200 °C has a remarkable positive effect on the oxidation activity. The catalysts have been tested in the oxidation of dibenzylamine, N ‐ tert ‐butylbenzylamine, and indoline. Apparently, the presence of organic and inorganic residue after the in situ catalyst preparation does not diminish the oxidation activity of gold. An alternative, less efficient route is the quantitative adsorption of [Au(PPh 3 )Cl] precursor onto ceria in an organic medium and the subsequent ex situ evolution of gold nanoparticles (ca. 5 nm) via calcination at 250–400 °C. This catalyst is still tenfold more active than conventional supported gold nanoparticles. In addition, it is free from impurities evolving during the in situ preparation and thus may find application in reactions other than amine oxidation.
Specification, design, and implementation of logic controllers based on colored Petri net models and the standard IEC 1131. II. Design and implementation (1999)

This work aims at designing and implementing logic control structures that allow a combination of the advantages of classical techniques for the development of programmable logic controller code and elimination of disadvantages such as the lack of formal validation. This paper introduces a method to automatically generate code for a programmable logic controller from a validated textual description of this kind of Petri nets. A special compiler that generates code according to the standard IEC 1131 is discussed. The modeling and implementation of a logic control system for flexible assembly cell using the method describe serves as an example.
Mechanisms Underlying the Clinical Effects of Apremilast for Psoriasis (2018)

Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease with manifestations resulting from a dysregulated immune response. In psoriatic skin, expression of all phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) isoforms (A-D), part of a family of enzymes known to regulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and immune homeostasis, is elevated compared with healthy controls. Agents that inhibit the enzymatic activity of PDE4, the predominant PDE in most immune cells, exert well-recognized anti-inflammatory effects. Apremilast is a selective PDE4 inhibitor approved for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis. In vitro and in vivo investigations have demonstrated the beneficial impact of apremilast treatment on PDE4 activity, inflammatory signal expression, and dermal psoriasiform signs. In patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, treatment with apremilast is associated with significant reductions in plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-17F, IL-17A, IL-22, and tumor necrosis factor-α compared with placebo as early as week 4; decreases in cytokine levels were sustained with continued treatment. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that while changes in IL-17F are the most important predictor of improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores, apremilast exerts synergistic attenuating effects among a key group of cytokines involved in the pathology of psoriasis, and these effects correlate with improved skin symptoms. These in vitro and clinical data demonstrate that the beneficial effects of apremilast on known inflammatory mediators are associated with its clinical efficacy. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(8):835-840. THIS ARTICLE HAD BEEN MADE AVAILABLE FREE OF CHARGE. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN TO ACCESS THE FULL TEXT OF THIS ARTICLE WITHOUT LOGGING IN. NO PURCHASE NECESSARY. PLEASE CONTACT THE PUBLISHER WITH ANY QUESTIONS. .
Perspectives of Quantiferon TB Gold test among Indian practitioners: a survey (2013)

Within this group of specialists dealing with different forms of tuberculosis, perspectives of this test and preferences are many. The increased cost and limited data from India with respect to interpretation of the results are the most common limiting factors in using this test.
Distant touch hydrodynamic imaging with an artificial lateral line (2006)

Nearly all underwater vehicles and surface ships today use sonar and vision for imaging and navigation. However, sonar and vision systems face various limitations, e.g., sonar blind zones, dark or murky environments, etc. Evolved over millions of years, fish use the lateral line, a distributed linear array of flow sensing organs, for underwater hydrodynamic imaging and information extraction. We demonstrate here a proof-of-concept artificial lateral line system. It enables a distant touch hydrodynamic imaging capability to critically augment sonar and vision systems. We show that the artificial lateral line can successfully perform dipole source localization and hydrodynamic wake detection. The development of the artificial lateral line is aimed at fundamentally enhancing human ability to detect, navigate, and survive in the underwater environment.
Disease Burden in the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Findings From a Time-and-Motion Study (2015)

Neovascular AMD management imposes a substantial time burden on physicians, staff, patients, and caregivers. There may be a need for additional support and/or reimbursement for services required by patients and caregivers and provided by physicians.
Jitter detection based on parallax observations and attitude data for Chinese Heavenly Palace-1 satellite (2019)

Parallax observations from staggered charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been applied to satellite jitter detection. Nevertheless, the jitter during the initial period of an imaging process cannot be detected. This paper presents an approach that combines parallax observations with the attitude data from attitude-measuring sensors in order to detect the global jitter, including the initial jitter. Low-frequency components, which can be reconstructed from attitude data, account for most jitter energy, and determine the jitter curve's overall shape. We introduce attitude data into parallax observations to constrain the initial jitter and find its optimum estimate. Meanwhile, an offset is extracted from parallax observation images by using a comprehensive matching method. A mathematical model is developed to demonstrate how to calculate the global jitter with the initial jitter and offset. Numerical simulation results indicate that, for pixel-level offset error, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the proposed method is 1.4 pixels, while the measurement error near integer multiples of characteristic frequency is amplified significantly. Experiments performed on Chinese Heavenly Palace-1 satellite show that the jitter at 0.12Hz with an amplitude about 6 pixels exists in the cross-track direction, while the down-track jitter results fail to show obvious periodicity.
Active flexible rods with embedded SMA fibers (1992)

Embedding of shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers in slender flexible bodies results in shape changes of the host medium, whenever shape recovery of the SMA fibers takes place. The shape change of a cylindrical rod with a single off-axis embedded SMA fiber is modeled. The distributed axial compressive force and bending moment due to phase transformation in the SMA fiber is evaluated using an approximate analytical model and the deformed shape of the flexible rod is found by solving the equations of equilibrium of the rod. The stability analysis for the linearized theory is carried out and the critical value of the phase transformation induced strain for buckling is evaluated.
Generic constraints on underspecified target trajectories (1989)

Although general network learning rules are of undeniable interest, it is generally agreed that successful accounts of learning must incorporate domain-specific, a priori knowledge. Such knowledge might be used, for example, to determine the structure of a network or its initial weights. The author discusses a third possibility in which domain-specific knowledge is incorporated directly in a network learning rule via a set of constraints on activations. The approach uses the notion of a forward model to give constraints a domain-specific interpretation. This approach is demonstrated with several examples from the domain of motor learning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Picosecond measurement of spontaneous and stimulated emission from injection lasers (1982)

Spontaneous and stimulated emission from gain-switched injection lasers is measured directly with picosecond resolution. Below threshold, the luminescence time profile shows a carrier concentration rise time of 300 ps in a transverse-junction AlGaAs laser diode. Above threshold, laser pulse widths down to 30 ps were observed and a regime of operation was found where a single longitudinal mode predominates in the output spectrum.
Predicting Target Displacements Using Ultrasound Elastography and Finite Element Modeling (2011)

Soft tissue displacements during minimally invasive surgical procedures may cause target motion and subsequent misplacement of the surgical tool. A technique is presented to predict target displacements using a combination of ultrasound elastography and finite element (FE) modeling. A cubic gelatin/agar phantom with stiff targets was manufactured to obtain pre- and post-loading ultrasound radio frequency (RF) data from a linear array transducer. The RF data were used to compute displacement and strain images, from which the distribution of elasticity was reconstructed using an inverse FE-based approach. The FE model was subsequently used to predict target displacements upon application of different boundary and loading conditions to the phantom. The influence of geometry was investigated by application of the technique to a breast-shaped phantom. The distribution of elasticity in the phantoms as determined from the strain distribution agreed well with results from mechanical testing. Upon application of different boundary and loading conditions to the cubic phantom, the FE model-predicted target motion were consistent with ultrasound measurements. The FE-based approach could also accurately predict the displacement of the target upon compression and indentation of the breast-shaped phantom. This study provides experimental evidence that organ geometry and boundary conditions surrounding the organ are important factors influencing target motion. In future work, the technique presented in this paper could be used for preoperative planning of minimally invasive surgical interventions.
Friction: experimental determination, modeling and compensation (2003)

The friction behavior of a brush-type-DC-servomotor-driven mechanism with gearing is explored. The standard kinetic plus viscous friction model is found to describe the dominant friction behavior. In addition, a dependence of friction on position is identified and negative velocity dependence is observed at low velocities. A friction model is developed and used to precompute motion torques. The application of a precomputed torques in an open-loop fashion results in motion accurate to within a few percent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Superconducting flux pumps (2019)

This paper presents a perspective on flux pumps. Flux pumps are a means of providing current to a coil or a magnet without direct electrical or physical contact. Typically, a coil would be charged directly using current leads, which would then be withdrawn if the magnets operated in the persistent mode (as with magnetic resonance imaging) or left in place if the field required maintenance or ramping. Flux pumps use the principle of magnetic induction. They present two distinct advantages. The first is that there is no direct connection to the external world and, therefore, no associated heat loss. The second is that, although high current can be developed in the magnet or the coil, these can be produced without the need for high-current power supplies, which are bulky and expensive. Flux pumps are especially appropriate for machines constructed from high temperature superconductors (HTSs). They facilitate the full use of the HTS’s current carrying capability, cheaply and simply, enabling smaller, lighter, and more powerful magnets, motors, and generators.