gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-View Geometry (2004)

Chapter 17 is the recapitulation. We return to two- and three-view geometry but now within a more general framework which naturally extends to four- and n-views. The fundamental projective relations over multiple views arise from the intersection of lines (back-projected from points) and planes (back-projected from lines). These intersection properties are represented by the vanishing of determinants formed from the camera matrices of the views. The fundamental matrix, the trifocal tensor, and a new tensor for four views – the quadrifocal tensor – arise naturally from these determinants as the multiple view tensors for two, three, and four views respectively. The tensors are what remains when the 3D structure and non-essential part of the camera matrices are eliminated. The tensors stop at four views.
A 16‐channel combined loop‐dipole transceiver array for 7 <scp>T</scp>esla body <scp>MRI</scp> (2016)

Combining loop and dipole elements provided a body imaging array with high channel count and density while limiting inter-element coupling. The 16LD improved both near and far-field performance compared with existing 7.0T body arrays and provided high-quality MRI of the prostate kidneys and heart. Magn Reson Med 77:884-894, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Micropolarity and water penetration in micellar aggregates of linear and branched hydrocarbon surfactants (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicropolarity and water penetration in micellar aggregates of linear and branched hydrocarbon surfactantsRamesh Varadaraj, Jan Bock, Paul Valint Jr., and Neil BronsCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 8, 1376–1378Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00098a010https://doi.org/10.1021/la00098a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Remote steering of laser beams by radar- and laser-induced refractive-index gradients in the atmosphere (2011)

Refractive-index gradients induced in the atmospheric air by properly tailored laser and microwave fields are shown to enable a remote steering of laser beams. Heating-assisted modulation of the refractive index of the air by microwave radiation is shown to support small-angle laser-beam bending with bending angles on the order of 10-2. Ionization of the atmospheric air by dyads of femto- and nanosecond laser pulses, on the other hand, can provide beam deflection angles in excess of π/5, offering an attractive strategy for radiation transfer, free-space communications, and laser-based standoff detection.
Statistical evaluation of mutagenicity test data: recommendations of the U.K. Environmental Mutagen Society. (1994)

Most of the many published guidelines on how to conduct mutagenicity tests do not give advice or references on statistical analysis of data. The U.K. Environmental Mutagen Society decided to address this omission, and in 1985 established 8 working groups comprising genetic toxicologists from all sectors of the science, plus at least 2 statisticians per group, to produce statistics guidelines on 10 different test systems. Each group gave advice on how to determine the suitability of data for distribution fitting, when data are unsuitable, when and how data should be transformed, which statistical tests are suitable for a given set of data, which factors govern the choice of statistical test, an order of preference, and some worked examples using real data. In addition, groups gave advice on statistical issues in the design of experiments. Strong recommendations were made that for in vitro tests, sufficient cells be treated and sampled to provide meaningful values of spontaneous mutant/aberration frequencies, for genuine, independent replicate treatments to be used, and that the acceptability of an experiment should be based on homogeneity between replicates as well as comparison of negative and positive control responses with historical ranges. It was recommended that most in vitro studies should include independent repeat experiments, and advice was given on how to check for consistency between experiments and then combine data for further significance testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supervised Machine Learning for Text Analysis in R (2021)

Text data is important for many domains, from healthcare to marketing to the digital humanities, but specialized approaches are necessary to create features for machine learning from language. Supervised Machine Learning for Text Analysis in R explains how to preprocess text data for modeling, train models, and evaluate model performance using tools from the tidyverse and tidymodels ecosystem. Models like these can be used to make predictions for new observations, to understand what natural language features or characteristics contribute to differences in the output, and more. If you are already familiar with the basics of predictive modeling, use the comprehensive, detailed examples in this book to extend your skills to the domain of natural language processing. This book provides practical guidance and directly applicable knowledge for data scientists and analysts who want to integrate unstructured text data into their modeling pipelines. Learn how to use text data for both regression and classification tasks, and how to apply more straightforward algorithms like regularized regression or support vector machines as well as deep learning approaches. Natural language must be dramatically transformed to be ready for computation, so we explore typical text preprocessing and feature engineering steps like tokenization and word embeddings from the ground up. These steps influence model results in ways we can measure, both in terms of model metrics and other tangible consequences such as how fair or appropriate model results are.
Black Cohosh (<i>Cimicifuga racemosa</i>L.) Protects against Menadione-Induced DNA Damage through Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species:  Bioassay-Directed Isolation and Characterization of Active Principles (2002)

The roots/rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa L. (Nutt.) (black cohosh) have traditionally been used to treat menopausal symptoms through an unknown mechanism of action. In an effort to determine if black cohosh had additional health benefits, methanol extracts were investigated for their potential to scavenge reactive oxygen species and to protect against menadione-induced DNA damage. These extracts effectively scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. In addition, the extracts showed dose-dependent decreases in DNA single-strand breaks and oxidized bases induced by the quinone menadione using the comet (single-cell gel electrophoresis assay) and fragment length associated repair enzyme assays, respectively. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the methanolic extracts using the DPPH assay as a monitor led to the isolation of nine antioxidant active compounds: caffeic acid (1), methyl caffeate (2), ferulic acid (3), isoferulic acid (4), fukinolic acid (5), cimicifugic acid A (6), cimicifugic acid B (7), cimicifugic acid F (8), cimiracemate A (9), and cimiracemate B (10). Six of these antioxidants were found to reduce menadione-induced DNA damage in cultured S30 breast cancer cells with the following order of potency: methyl caffeate (2) > caffeic acid (1) > ferulic acid (3) > cimiracemate A (9) > cimiracemate B (10) > fukinolic acid (5). These data suggest that black cohosh can protect against cellular DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species by acting as antioxidants.
Deconvolution of BaSO/sub 4/:Eu TL glow-curve (1991)

The method of deconvolution applied to TL (thermoluminescence) glow curves has been improved by addressing general-order kinetics. A TL BaSO/sub 4/:Eu detector, developed for hadronic and electromagnetic cascade shower studies, is considered. The results obtained from deconvolution have been compared with the data obtained using some classical methods such as the initial rise method and Chen's peak shape method. The advantages of the deconvolution technique include the following: (a) the possibility of estimating all parameters of the peaks belonging to the glow curve, including kinetics order, by using the general formula that describes the physical process; (b) the use of a better approximation for the computation of the integral term; and (c) knowledge of the geometrical values of the peaks, which are difficult to assess, is not required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Decision system of optimum grinding conditions based information integration method. (1991)

Information integration method has features, one of which is that it can evaluate a number of evaluation items of different characters totally and rationally. This paper deals with a system based on this method to select optimum grinding conditions such as grinding depth of cut, feed rate of work, dressing depth of cut and feed rate of dressing considering dimensional accuracy, surface roughness and efficiency (grinding volume per unit time). Experimental data to deduce characteristic curves for system ranges were obtained using the experimental design method. Experimental results show that the grinding conditions selected by this system were superior to those selected by an expert operator (ten years experience) from the point of three evaluation items above mentioned.
Application of spherical Ni（OH）2/CNTs composite electrode in asymmetric supercapacitor (2006)

由碳 nanotubes 和 sphericalNi 组成的合成电极(哦)_2 被在 8:1:1 一起混合镍氢氧化物，碳 nanotubes 和羰基镍粉末开发比率。311 F/g 的一个最大的电容为与降水过程准备的一个电极被获得。以便提高精力密度，一个不对称的 typepseudo-capacitor/electric 双电子锅电容器被考虑，它的电气化学的性质被调查。分别地，为特定的精力和 25.8 W 中心 doth/kg 和 2.8 kW/kg 的最大的特定的力量的价值为在 0 和 1.6 V 之间的房间电压被表明。由使用 Ni 的修改阴极(哦)_2/carbon nanotube 合成电极， asymmetricsupercapacitor 展出高精力密度和稳定的力量特征。
Increase in Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Europe and Epidemic Spread of New Norovirus Variant (2004)

Increase in Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Europe and Epidemic Spread of New Norovirus Variant Lopman B et al. Lancet. 2004;363:682 This study addressed the issue of the apparent increase in outbreaks of norovirus in hospitals in the United Kingdom and cruise ships in the United States. The study was based on results of a surveillance network of viral gastroenteritis in 10 European countries. Three regions, including England, Germany, and the Netherlands, had sustained epidemiologic and virologic data from 1995 to 2002. Outbreaks were generally identified using RT-PCR to identify norovirus. The results of the surveillance showed a striking increase in outbreaks in 2002, and this coincided with the detection of a new predominant norovirus variant of genogroup 114, a new previously unrecognized strain that had a consistent mutation in the polymerase gene. This new strain was detected in 9 of the 10 countries. During the 8-year period of review, there were 2324 laboratory-confirmed outbreaks of norovirus in this database. This includes 614 in 2002 which represented a 77% increase from the previous peak of 347 in 1995. Of 351 outbreaks in 2002, 232 (66%) involved genogroup 114. The authors postulated that this new variant was either more virulent or more environmentally stable to account for the surge in cases. The following table summarizes data for individual countries for the comparison of 2002 for the previous period of study with an indication of this change in percent.TableComment: Norovirus was identified as a cause of 85% of 3714 outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in 10 European countries in 1995 to 2000 according to the editorial comment by Colonel Kirkwood (Lancet. 2004;363:671). This is an enteric pathogen which requires a record small inoculum of less than 10 virions. Furthermore, these strains remain viable on surfaces for weeks and possibly months, and patients continue to shed the virus long after symptoms have resolved (Rockx B et al. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:246). These observations presumably account for its frequency as an important cause of epidemic gastroenteritis which have been reported in nursing homes, hospitals, and cruise ships. The recent increase in outbreaks has been attributed to the appearance of a new strain which, as noted, may be more virulent or have unique properties for survival in nature.
Colonoscopy related endotoxemia. (1985)

A pilot study of 20 patients who underwent colonoscopy was performed to investigate the occurrence of endotoxemia related to the procedure and its clinical significance. With the use of the limulus lysate method of assay, endotoxemia was demonstrated in 25 per cent of the patients during colonoscopy and 65 per cent afterwards, but was not associated with either concomitant bacteremia or any ill effects. The appearance of endotoxin in significant concentration in the presence of normal liver function and with no overt focus of infection, suggests that substantial absorption of bacterial products which originate in the intestine occur, but under normal circumstances cause no demonstrable deleterious effects.
Thin film transistors based on two dimensional graphene and graphene/semiconductor heterojunctions (2017)

During the past few years, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have emerged as the most fundamental building blocks of a wide variety of optoelectronic devices.
The psychopharmacology of ziprasidone: receptor-binding properties and real-world psychiatric practice. (2003)

Schizophrenia is a highly complex disorder characterized by a diversity of symptoms, psychotic and nonpsychotic, that most likely arise from heterogeneous neuroanatomical and neurochemical malfunctions. As with all antipsychotic agents, ziprasidone targets the key hypothetical neurochemical disturbance in psychosis-excessive dopamine neurotransmission at dopamine D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway of the brain-presumably responsible for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Like other atypical antipsychotic agents, ziprasidone is a serotonin-2A (5-HT2A)/dopamine D2 antagonist; however, its in vitro 5-HT2A/D2 receptor affinity ratio is higher than that of the other first-line atypical antipsychotic agents (namely, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole). Ziprasidone also exhibits potent interaction with 5-HT2C, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT1A receptors in human brain tissue, characteristics that predict heightened negative symptom relief, enhanced modulation of mood, cognitive improvement, and reduced motor dysfunction. Ziprasidone has moderate affinity for serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake sites, predicting antidepressant/anxiolytic activity. On the other hand, ziprasidone's low affinity for alpha1-adrenoceptors, as well as histamine H1 and muscarinic M1 receptors, suggests that patients should experience relatively little orthostatic hypotension, sedation, cognitive disturbance, weight gain, or dysregulation of prolactin levels. Efficacy and tolerability data from trials to date indicate that ziprasidone's clinical activity is consistent with its receptor profile.
SCID‐repopulating activity of human umbilical cord blood–derived hematopoietic stem and/or progenitor cells in a nonobese diabetic/Shi‐SCID mice serial xenotransplantation model and immune cell activities in vitro: a comparative study of the filter method and the hydroxyethyl starch method (2005)

The filter yielded a desirable percentage of recovery of hematopoietic cells with engraftment ability in the clinical setting. Thus, it is considered that the filter system may be useful for UCB banking for cord blood transplantation.
On the analogy between pulse-pile-up in energy-sensitive, photon-counting detectors and level-crossing of shot noise (2016)

Shot noise processes are omnipresent in physics and many of their properties have been extensively studied in the past, including the particular problem of level crossing of shot noise. Energy-sensitive, photon-counting detectors using comparators to discriminate pulse-heights are currently heavily investigated for medical applications, e.g. for x-ray computed tomography and x-ray mammography. Surprisingly, no mention of the close relation between the two topics can be found in the literature on photon-counting detectors. In this paper, we point out the close analogy between level crossing of shot noise and the problem of determining count rates of photon- counting detectors subject to pulse pile-up. The latter is very relevant for obtaining precise forward models for photon-counting detectors operated under conditions of very high x-ray flux employed in clinical x-ray computed tomography. Although several attempts have been made to provide reasonably accurate, approximative models for the registered number of counts in x-ray detectors under conditions of high flux and arbitrary x-ray spectra, see, e.g., no exact, analytic solution is given in the literature for general continuous pulse shapes. In this paper we present such a solution for arbitrary response functions, x-ray spectra and continuous pulse shapes based on a result from the theory of level crossing. We briefly outline the theory of level crossing including the famous Rice theorem and translate from the language of level crossing to the language of photon-counting detection.
High‐Performance THz Emitters Based on Ferromagnetic/Nonmagnetic Heterostructures (2016)

A low-cost, intense, broadband, noise resistive, magnetic field controllable, flexible, and low power driven THz emitter based on thin nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic metallic heterostructures is demonstrated. The THz emission origins from the inverse spin Hall Effect. The proposed devices are not only promising for a wide range of THz equipment, but also offer an alternative approach to characterize the spin-orbit interaction in nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic bilayers.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2,3-dialkylindoles, "in vitro" inhibitors of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. (1992)

A series of 2,3-dialkylindoles (1-5) have been prepared and tested as antithrombotic agents. The whole class showed in vitro interesting activity in the inhibition of thrombin-induced aggregation. Among these compounds some ones showed activity comparable to standards also in the inhibition of collagen-induced aggregation. Owing to a very fast metabolic degradation through a beta-oxidative mechanism, a drastic decrease of activity in several tests ex vivo or in vivo was observed.
ChemInform Abstract: REARRANGEMENTS OF THE METHYLTRIMESITYLPHOSPHONIUM AND METHYLENEBIS(METHYLDIMESITYLPHOSPHONIUM) CATION SKELETONS ON TREATMENT WITH BASE (1983)

Abstract Die Behandlung des Trimesitylphosphoniumiodids (I) mit Na‐amid oder Butyl‐Li führt weder zum entsprechenden P‐Ylid noch zum Produkt einer Stevens‐Umlagerung, sondern ergibt das Dimethyl‐(trimethylbenzyl)‐phenylphosphin ( III).
Facile synthesis and photoluminescence of graphene oxide quantum dots and their reduction products (2014)

Small-sized graphene oxide quantum dots synthesized by acid cutting.
Nutrigenomics and Beef Quality: A Review about Lipogenesis (2016)

The objective of the present review is to discuss the results of published studies that show how nutrition affects the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and how diet manipulation might change marbling and composition of fat in beef. Several key points in the synthesis of fat in cattle take place at the molecular level, and the association of nutritional factors with the modulation of this metabolism is one of the recent targets of nutrigenomic research. Within this context, special attention has been paid to the study of nuclear receptors associated with fatty acid metabolism. Among the transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) stand out. The mRNA synthesis of these transcription factors is regulated by nutrients, and their metabolic action might be potentiated by diet components and change lipogenesis in muscle. Among the options for dietary manipulation with the objective to modulate lipogenesis, the use of different sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, starch concentrations, forage ratios and vitamins stand out. Therefore, special care must be exercised in feedlot feed management, mainly when the goal is to produce high marbling beef.
Acetylene and terminal alkyne complexes of copper(<scp>i</scp>) supported by fluorinated pyrazolates: syntheses, structures, and transformations (2019)

Trinuclear {μ-[3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz]Cu}<sub>3</sub> reacts with acetylene to produce the 2 : 1 copper(i) acetylene complex, Cu<sub>4</sub>(μ-[3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz])<sub>4</sub>(μ-HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)<sub>2</sub>. Related Cu<sub>4</sub>(μ-[4-Br-3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz])<sub>4</sub>(μ-HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sub>4</sub>(μ-[4-Cl-3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz])<sub>4</sub>(μ-HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)<sub>2</sub> have also been isolated using the corresponding copper(i) pyrazolate and acetylene. The 1 : 1 adducts Cu<sub>2</sub>(μ-[3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz])<sub>2</sub>(HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>(μ-[4-Br-3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz])<sub>2</sub>(HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)<sub>2</sub> are significantly less stable to the acetylene loss and can be observed in solution at low temperatures under excess acetylene. The X-ray crystal structures of 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 complexes, Cu<sub>4</sub>(μ-[3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz])<sub>4</sub>(μ-HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu<sub>2</sub>(μ-[4-Br-3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz])<sub>2</sub>(HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)<sub>2</sub> are reported. Raman data show a reduction in [small nu, Greek, macron]<sub>C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C</sub> stretching frequency by about ∼340 and ∼163 cm<sup>-1</sup> in the 2 : 1 and 1 : 1 Cu(i)/acetylene complexes, respectively, from that of the free acetylene. Copper(i) pyrazolate complexes of the terminal alkynes, phenylacetylene, 1,8-nonadiyne, and 1,7-octadiyne are also reported. They form adducts involving one copper atom on each alkyne moiety. The {μ-[3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pz]Cu}<sub>3</sub> is also a very versatile and competent catalyst for alkyne transformations as evident from its ability to catalyze the alkyne C(sp)-H bond carboxylation chemistry with CO<sub>2</sub>, azide-alkyne cycloadditions leading to 1,2,3-triazoles including the use of acetylene itself as a substrate, and thiol addition to phenylacetylene affording vinyl sulfides.