gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and interconversion of oxepanes and bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and interconversion of oxepanes and bicyclo[3.2.1]octanesMichael P. Wachter, Zoltan G. Hajos, Richard E. Adams, and Harvey M. WerbloodCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 13, 2216–2220Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00213a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00213a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
White Electroluminescence from a Single‐Polymer System with Simultaneous Two‐Color Emission: Polyfluorene as the Blue Host and a 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole Derivative as the Orange Dopant (2006)

Abstract New single‐polymer electroluminescent systems containing two individual emission species—polyfluorenes as a blue host and 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole derivative units as an orange dopant on the main chain—have been designed and synthesized. The resulting single polymers are found to have highly efficient white electroluminescence with simultaneous blue (λ max = 421 nm/445 nm) and orange emission (λ max = 564 nm) from the corresponding emitting species. The influence of the photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies of both the blue and orange species on the electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies of white polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on the single‐polymer systems has been investigated. The introduction of the highly efficient 4,7‐bis(4‐( N ‐phenyl‐ N ‐(4‐methylphenyl)amino)phenyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole unit to the main chain of polyfluorene provides significant improvement in EL efficiency. For a single‐layer device fabricated in air (indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonic acid/polymer/Ca/Al), pure‐white electroluminescence with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.35,0.32), maximum brightness of 12 300 cd m –2 , luminance efficiency of 7.30 cd A –1 , and power efficiency of 3.34 lm W –1 can be obtained. This device is approximately two times more efficient than that utilizing a single polyfluorene containing 1,8‐naphthalimide moieties, and shows remarkable improvement over the corresponding blend systems in terms of efficiency and color stability. Thermal treatment of the single‐layer device before cathode deposition leads to the further improvement of the device performance, with CIE coordinates of (0.35,0.34), turn‐on voltage of 3.5 V, luminance efficiency of 8.99 cd A –1 , power efficiency of 5.75 lm W –1 , external quantum efficiency of 3.8 %, and maximum brightness of 12 680 cd m –2 . This performance is roughly comparable to that of white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with multilayer device structures and complicated fabrication processes.
Beam-splitting ball lens:?a new integrated optical component (1999)

A beam-splitting ball lens is introduced as a new integrated optical component for board- and backplane-level optical interconnection applications. The proposed beam-splitting ball lenses can be used in conjunction with polymer fiber image guides to split and combine imaged patterns of two-dimensional array optical data. Power and resolution performance parameters of a packaged system are presented.
Genotype dependence of peptide‐based immunoassays for the detection of HCV core antibodies (2008)

Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies is partially influenced by the genotype of the infecting isolate. Immunoassays using genotype-1a-derived recombinants or peptides results in diminished reactivity among individuals infected with heterologous genotypes. We examined the magnitude of this effect on detection of core antibodies by using genotype-1a-derived core peptide immunoassays to test 254 HCV anti-core-positive individuals infected with genotypes 1-4 or 6. Peptides corresponding to amino acids 1-18, 10-24, and 11-28 reacted with 60%, 89%, and 85% of all samples, respectively. Peptide 1-18 detected 78% of individuals infected with genotype-1 or 2 but only 43% of those infected with genotypes 3, 4, or 6. Genotype-dependent reactivity was also observed for peptides 10-24 and 11-28. The use of a 34-mer peptide (encompassing amino acids 10-43) within the immunodominant region detected antibodies in 100% of specimens, thereby eliminating the genotype-dependent antibody detection observed with shorter peptides. Sequence differences between peptides and core of the infecting isolate did not entirely account for the genotype-dependent reactivity since some individuals displayed reactivity to peptides containing up to seven amino acid differences relative to the sequence of the infecting isolate, while others with identical core sequences had little or no reactivity. Thus, HCV core sequence divergence accounts for only a portion of the differential core antibody detectability observed when non-type-specific peptides are used. Differences in immune response between individuals infected with identical isolates also plays a significant role in core antibody detection using short peptides.
Molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer and potential translational applications. (2003)

Molecular studies of lung cancer using individual genes and global approaches of gene analysis have shown several observations that are ready to be translated into clinically useful information to provide new methods of diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment. Clinically evident lung cancers have acquired 20 or more clonal genetic alterations, and tumor acquired promoter hypermethylation is a frequent epigenetic mechanism of inactivation of gene expression in lung cancer giving at least another 10-20 lesions. Furthermore, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have acquired different genetic and epigenetic lesions. Alterations in 3p tumor suppression genes (TSGs) appear especially early, including those of RASSF1A and SEMA3B at 3p21.3, followed by changes in 9p (p16), 8p, and then multiple other sites. Changes consistent with oxidative damage leading to mitotic recombination are frequently seen. Smoking-damaged, histologically normal epithelium as well as epithelium with preneoplastic/preinvasive changes have thousands of clonal patches containing genetic alterations. Finally, correcting even single genetic abnormalities can reverse the malignant phenotype.
Clustering Millions of Tandem Mass Spectra (2007)

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments often generate redundant data sets containing multiple spectra of the same peptides. Clustering of MS/MS spectra takes advantage of this redundancy by identifying multiple spectra of the same peptide and replacing them with a single representative spectrum. Analyzing only representative spectra results in significant speed-up of MS/MS database searches. We present an efficient clustering approach for analyzing large MS/MS data sets (over 10 million spectra) with a capability to reduce the number of spectra submitted to further analysis by an order of magnitude. The MS/MS database search of clustered spectra results in fewer spurious hits to the database and increases number of peptide identifications as compared to regular nonclustered searches. Our open source software MS-Clustering is available for download at http://peptide.ucsd.edu or can be run online at http://proteomics.bioprojects.org/MassSpec.
A novel bioelectronic glucose sensor to process distinct electrical activities of pancreatic beta-cells (2013)

Glucose sensors have improved and facilitated therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, they are still not capable to sense all physiological signals and to act in a closed-loop. Pancreatic β-cells have been shaped during evolution as biological sensors and offer the advantage to integrate all physiological signals in addition to glucose. Moreover, biosensors based on these cells may also serve for non-invasive and continuous long-term characterization of β-cells, drug research, tissue engineering and pre-transplantation quality control. β-cells alter their electrical activity upon exposure to glucose and physiological hormones and we have used these properties to design a biosensor. To this end signals were recorded extracellularly from islet cells kept on multi-electrode arrays. Slow and rapid oscillations were observed, both modulated by glucose. Especially slow oscillations are very robust and have an excellent signal/noise ratio. Signal processing functions were designed to separate the two activities to extract and analyze relevant parameters. These parameters correlate very well with either increasing or decreasing glucose concentrations. An electronic device is under construction, based on an embedded FPGA capable of processing multiple channels in parallel. In the future, such a device shall be used as a portable real-time biosensor regulating insulin delivery from a pump.
Multi-wavelength imaging pyrometer for noncontact temperature sensing (2002)

Multi-wavelength imaging pyrometer (M-WIP) is presented for remote sensing of temperature profiles of targets with unknown emissivity. A software package was developed for calibration and real-time M-WIP measurements. An experimental 7-filter line-sensing M-WIP system was implemented with a 320/spl times/122-element PtSi IR-CCD imager. The M-WIP system was calibrated against a commercial blackbody source over a temperature range from 450/spl deg/C to 900/spl deg/C. The signal processing included background subtraction and compensation for variation of dark current with detected signal and nonlinearity of IR imager response. Initial M-WIP measurements demonstrated real-time temperature resolution /spl Delta/T of /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/C for blackbody target over temperature range from 600/spl deg/C to 900/spl deg/C.
Challenges and Opportunities for State Tracking in Statistical Spoken Dialog Systems: Results From Two Public Deployments (2012)

Whereas traditional dialog systems operate on the top ASR hypothesis, statistical dialog systems claim to be more robust to ASR errors by maintaining a distribution over multiple hidden dialog states. Recently, these techniques have been deployed publicly for the first time, making empirical measurements possible. In this paper, we analyze two of these deployments. We find that performance was quite mixed: in some cases statistical techniques improved accuracy with respect to the top speech recognition hypothesis; in other cases, accuracy was degraded. Investigating degradations, we find the three main causes are (non-obviously) inaccurate parameter estimates, poor confidence scores, and correlations in speech recognition errors. Overall the results suggest fundamental weaknesses in the formulation as a generative model, and we suggest alternatives as future work.
Complete coding sequence and phylogenetic analyses of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolate of Malaysia (2013)

A complete nucleotide (nt) coding sequence of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolate of Malaysia (UPM04190) was determined. In segment A, 3260 nt was identified, consisting of 2 overlapping open reading frame, predicted to be the VP5 of 465 nt with 154 amino acids and the polyprotein of 3039 nt with 1012 amino acids. In segment B, 2825 nt was obtained and consisted one open reading frame with 2640 nt predicted to be the 879 amino acids of VP1. Comparison of the deduced amino acids revealed 8 unique amino acids which were conserved only in UPM04190. Of all these amino acids, 3 were found in VP1, 3 were in VP2, and 2 were in VP5. The overall branching pattern of the phylogenetic trees revealed a similar pattern. Taken together, nt sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed and suggested that our local isolate UPM04190 share a high homology with the very virulent strains. Analysis of the IBDV nt and amino acid sequence are best targeted at both genomes.
Auxiliary Electroosmotic Pumping in Capillary Electrophoresis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAuxiliary Electroosmotic Pumping in Capillary ElectrophoresisPurnendu K. Dasgupta and Shaorong. LiuCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 19, 3060–3065Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00091a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00091a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solving Combinatorial Exchanges: Optimality via a Few Partial Bids (2004)

Auctions have been studied in economics and game theory for a long time as important resource allocation mechanisms in distributed environments. In recent years, their role has grown with the emergence of Internet and electronic commerce, as businesses and corporations leverage the new medium to streamline their procurement process. Many businesses are moving to an auction-based purchase method where they issue a request for quotes for the goods and services needed, and let the suppliers bid for a piece of the business. Driven by these fundamentals, auctions and algorithms related to them have become important and popular research topics in computer science. An exchange generalizes the auction mechanism to the setting with multiple buyers and sellers. Some familiar examples are the exchanges for equities and commodities, transportation, electricity, and the businessto-business exchanges. A combinatorial exchange is an exchange where buyers and sellers can bid on bundles (subsets) of goods. Combinatorial markets are desirable because items often have complementarity, and combinatorial bidding minimizes bidders’ risk of getting stuck with only a partial subset. It also improves the overall economic efficiency.
An Intelligent Sensor Framework for the Power Grid (2011)

The number of sensors connected to the electric power system is expected to grow by several orders of magnitude by 2020. However, the information networks which will transmit and analyze the resulting data are ill-equipped to handle the resulting volume with reliable real-time delivery. Without the ability to manage and use this data, deploying sensors such as phasor measurement units in the transmission system and smart meters in the distribution system will not result in the desired improvements in the power grid. The ability to exploit the massive data being generated by new sensors would allow for more efficient flow of power and increased survivability of the grid. Additionally, the power systems of today are not capable of managing two-way power flow to accommodate distributed generation capabilities due to concerns about system stability and lack of system flexibility. The research that we are performing creates a framework to add “intelligence” to the sensors and actuators being used today in the electric power system. Sensors that use our framework will be capable of sharing information through the various layers of the electric power system to enable two-way information flow to help facilitate integration of distributed resources. Several techniques are considered including use of peer-to-peer communication as well as distributed agents. Specifically, we will have software agents operating on systems with differing levels of computing power. The agents will cooperate to bring computation closer to the data. The types of computation considered are control decisions, data analysis, and demand/response. When paired with distributed autonomous controllers, the sensors form the basis of an information system that supports deployment of both micro-grids and islanding. Our efforts in the area of developing the next generation information infrastructure for sensors in the power grid form the basis of a broader strategy that enables better integration of distributed generation, distribution automation systems and decentralized control (micro-grids).
Myocardial β<sub>1</sub>-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms affect functional recovery after ischemic injury (2006)

Association studies suggest beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (beta(1)-AR) polymorphisms are disease modifiers in heart failure. The Arg389 variant has increased coupling to G(s) in transfected cells and evokes enhanced ventricular function in transgenic mice. Here, we assessed the differential effects of the human Gly389 and Arg389 beta(1)-AR polymorphisms on myocardial recovery after ischemic injury. Function was studied in transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of either human Gly389 or Arg389 beta(1)-AR at baseline and after 20 min of ex vivo ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). In 3-mo-old mice of either genotype, there was poor recovery after I/R (approximately 38% vs. approximately 68% for nontransgenic). Paradoxically, at 6 mo of age, functional recovery remained severely depressed in Gly389 hearts (approximately 32%) but was similar to nontransgenic for Arg389 hearts (approximately 60%). In Arg389 hearts, agonist-promoted adenylyl cyclase activities were depressed by approximately 35% at 6 mo of age, and G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) activity was increased by approximately twofold compared with Gly389. Furthermore, I/R evoked an approximately threefold increase in ERK2 phosphorylation in Arg389 but an approximately twofold decrease in Gly389 hearts. Individually, these changes have been shown to mitigate I/R injury; thus the Arg389-beta(1)-AR uniquely evokes specialized pathways that act to protect against I/R injury. The improved recovery of function after I/R in Arg389 hearts relative to Gly389 appears to be due to an adaptive multimechanism program with allele-specific alterations in receptor signaling, GRK activity, and ERK2. Thus genetic variation of the human beta(1)-AR may play a role in cardiac functional recovery after ischemic injury.
Combined inhibition of Cdk9 and AKT induces apoptosis of metastatic prostate cancer cells (2007)

5399 Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in humans and the second leading cause of male cancer death in America. Prostate cancer mortality results from metastases to bones and lymph nodes and progression from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent disease. Therapeutics for these aggressive forms of cancers are lacking. Previously, we reported that the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (CDK) roscovitine down-regulates the expression of X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis (XIAP) in metastatic PCas and can induce cell death of PCas that express functional p53. In this study, we found that roscovitine can inhibit cell growth, reduce colony formation and induce apoptosis in PC3 and PC3-M cells that are p53 negative, when co-cultured with either LY294002 (LY) or Triciribine (also known as small molecular Akt/Protein Kinase B signaling Inhibitor-2 (API-2)), which are inhibitors of Akt. Neither roscovitine nor LY or API-2 by itself is sufficient to induce apoptosis of these tumor cells. Further, apoptosis induced by the combination treatment was inhibited by pre-treatment of PC3 cells with a pan-caspase inhibitor and caspase-3 and -9 inhibitors, but not a caspase-8 inhibitor, suggesting that the combination induce the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. However, the above combination treatment, when added to RWPE cells for 20 hours, had very little effect, suggesting that the combination treatment is not toxic to normal prostate epithelial cells. In PC3 cells, roscovitine reduced abundance of XIAP but not Mcl-1, whereas API-2 induced Bim. The effect of roscovitine was mimicked by depletion of Cdk9, but not Cdk7 by RNA interference. Moreover, depletion of XIAP or Cdk9 by RNA interference was sufficient to sensitize PC3 and PC-3M cells towards API-2 and induce apoptosis. Collectively, these studies suggest that combined inhibition of Cdk9 and Akt can be effective in treating metastatic prostate cancer in the future.
ChemInform Abstract: Biologically Useful Chelators That Release Ca2+ Upon Illumination. (1988)

Abstract In the presence of the novel Friedel‐Crafts catalyst trimethylsilyl triflate the aniline (I) can be alkylated by the aldehyde (II) to yield the Ca 2+ chelator (III) or the complexes (V) of its analogues.
Evidence for the widespread coupling of alternative splicing and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in humans (2002)

To better understand the role of alternative splicing, we conducted a large-scale analysis of reliable alternative isoforms of known human genes. Each isoform was classified according to its splice pattern and supporting evidence. We found that one-third of the alternative transcripts examined contain premature termination codons, and most persist even after rigorous filtering by multiple methods. These transcripts are apparent targets of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a surveillance mechanism that selectively degrades nonsense mRNAs. Several of these transcripts are from genes for which alternative splicing is known to regulate protein expression by generating alternate isoforms that are differentially subjected to NMD. We propose that regulated unproductive splicing and translation (RUST), through the coupling of alternative splicing and NMD, may be a pervasive, underappreciated means of regulating protein expression.