gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Limiting‐Current Oxygen Sensors Based on Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystals (1991)

Yttria doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystals can overcome the phase transition into the monoclinic phase at about 500°C and show higher ionic conductivities than cubic stabilized zirconia in spite of the lower defect concentration. This material is applied in oxygen gas sensors under limiting current conditions at intermediate and ambient temperatures. AC and dc conductivities, Tafel behavior, minority charge carrier diffusivity, and the i–V characteristics are reported. The detection limit of the oxygen partial pressure and the response time depend on the thickness of the electrolyte and are related to the oxygen ion conductance and the electronic mobilities, respectively. The sensors may be optimized by the application of thin film electrolytes and of modified configurations with solid oxide bulk conducting diffusion barriers.
Effects of Chronic D-Serine Elevation on Animal Models of Depression and Anxiety-Related Behavior (2013)

NMDA receptors are activated after binding of the agonist glutamate to the NR2 subunit along with a co-agonist, either L-glycine or D-serine, to the NR1 subunit. There is substantial evidence to suggest that D-serine is the most relevant co-agonist in forebrain regions and that alterations in D-serine levels contribute to psychiatric disorders. D-serine is produced through isomerization of L-serine by serine racemase (Srr), either in neurons or in astrocytes. It is released by astrocytes by an activity-dependent mechanism involving secretory vesicles. In the present study we generated transgenic mice (SrrTg) expressing serine racemase under a human GFAP promoter. These mice were biochemically and behaviorally analyzed using paradigms of anxiety, depression and cognition. Furthermore, we investigated the behavioral effects of long-term administration of D-serine added to the drinking water. Elevated brain D-serine levels in SrrTg mice resulted in specific behavioral phenotypes in the forced swim, novelty suppression of feeding and olfactory bulbectomy paradigms that are indicative of a reduced proneness towards depression-related behavior. Chronic dietary D-serine supplement mimics the depression-related behavioral phenotype observed in SrrTg mice. Our results suggest that D-serine supplementation may improve mood disorders.
The CFD Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Smoke Diffusion in a Train (2011)

Spreading fast and being difficult to control and put out, train fire hazard can bring property loss, threat passenger's lives. Therefore, the fire protection on train is very important. Being one of the very important factors of early fire warning, the research on smoke detection at smoldering combustion stage of train fire hazard and the interference factors can provide references for the train fire protection and the design of train AC system.
The effect of contrast dose, imaging time, and lesion size in the MR detection of intracerebral metastasis. (1995)

In the evaluation of small central nervous system metastases, either delayed imaging after the injection of standard contrast dose or higher contrast dose may improve their detection, and therefore affect clinical management. Higher contrast dose (cumulative triple dose) studies appear to be more effective than delayed imaging with standard dose.
Maintenance of in Vivo-Like Keratin Expression, Sex Steroid Responsiveness, and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Cultured Human Ectocervical Epithelial Cells* (1990)

In the present manuscript we demonstrate that ectocervical epithelial cells (ECE cells) retain a high degree of differentiated function when cultured using feeder layers. We characterize the cultured cells with respect to morphology, expression of cytokeratins, responsiveness to sex steroids, and the presence of estrogen-binding sites. Like ectocervical cells in vivo, the cultured cells display a typical epithelial cell morphology and undergo extensive stratification and envelope (superficial cell) formation. Like the in vivo ectocervical epithelium, the cultured ECE cells express type I cytokeratins K13, K14, K16, K17, and K19 and type II cytokeratins K5 and K6. Under normal culture conditions, however, cytokeratins K1, K2, K4, K11, and K15, which are expressed in vivo, are not expressed. An interesting finding is that ECE cells, in contrast to endocervix and epidermis in vivo and cultured epidermal keratinocytes, express very abundant levels of K13. In fact, K13 appears to be a specific marker of ECE cells in the female reproductive tract. When incubated with 10 nM diethylstilbestrol, ECE cell envelope production increased 3-fold, while incubation with 100 nM progesterone decreased envelope formation 3.4-fold. Simultaneous incubation with progesterone antagonized the diethylstilbestrol stimulation. Thus, in vivo-like sex steroid regulation of ECE cell differentiation is maintained in culture. In addition, the cells possess a high affinity, limited capacity binding site for estradiol that has a Kd of 1.2 +/- 0.1 nM. This system is likely to provide a useful model for the study of sex steroid regulation of normal ectocervical epithelial cell function.
Enhanced Sensitivity of G1 Arrested Human Cancer Cells Suggests a Novel Therapeutic Strategy Using a Combination of Simvastatin and TRAIL (2002)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) preferentially induces apoptosis in tumor cells over normal cells. To study the relationship between cell cycle progression and TRAIL-induced apoptosis, SW480 colon cancer and H460 lung cancer cell lines were examined for their sensitivity to TRAIL after arrest in different cell cycle phases. Cells were synchronized in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phase by serum starvation, aphidicolin, or nocodazole treatment, respectively. We found that arrest of cells in G0/G1 phase confers significantly higher susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis as compared to cells in late G1, S, or G2/M phase. To determine if cell cycle phase could be harnessed for therapeutic gain in the presence of TRAIL, we used the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, Simvastatin and lovastatin, to enrich a cancer cell population in G0/G1. Both simvastatin and lovastatin significantly augmented TRAIL-induced apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal keratinocytes. The results indicate that TRAIL, in combination with a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of human cancer.
ER proteostasis disturbances in Parkinson's disease: novel insights (2015)

Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson Research FONDECYT-11140738 FONDECYT-1140549 FONDECYT-1150608 Frick Foundation COPEC-UC Foundation ACT1109 FONDEF D11I1007 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd P09-015-F Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT)
UV-induced inhibition of transcription involves repression of transcription initiation and phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II (2000)

Cells from patients with Cockayne syndrome (CS) are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents and are unable to restore damage-inhibited RNA synthesis. On the basis of repair kinetics of different types of lesions in transcriptionally active genes, we hypothesized previously that impaired transcription in CS cells is a consequence of defective transcription initiation after DNA damage induction. Here, we investigated the effect of UV irradiation on transcription by using an in vitro transcription system that allowed uncoupling of initiation from elongation events. Nuclear extracts prepared from UV-irradiated or mock-treated normal human and CS cells were assayed for transcription activity on an undamaged beta-globin template. Transcription activity in nuclear extracts closely mimicked kinetics of transcription in intact cells: extracts from normal cells prepared 1 h after UV exposure showed a strongly reduced activity, whereas transcription activity was fully restored in extracts prepared 6 h after treatment. Extracts from CS cells exhibited reduced transcription activity at any time after UV exposure. Reduced transcription activity in extracts coincided with a strong reduction of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) containing hypophosphorylated C-terminal domain, the form of RNAPII known to be recruited to the initiation complex. These results suggest that inhibition of transcription after UV irradiation is at least partially caused by repression of transcription initiation and not solely by blocked elongation at sites of lesions. Generation of hypophosphorylated RNAPII after DNA damage appears to play a crucial role in restoration of transcription. CS proteins may be required for this process in a yet unknown way.
Synthesis of telechelic poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylene) derivatives (1992)

Abstract The synthesis of oligo(2,5‐dialkyl‐ p ‐phenylene)s bearing terminal boronic acid, bromo‐,acetoxy‐, methoxycarbonyl‐ or carbonic acid groups is reported. Oligomers of number‐average degree of polymerization 6 ≤ P n ≤ 20 were obtained by the palladium‐catalyzed coupling of aromatic halides with aromatic boronic acids. The same synthetic approach was used to prepare derivatives of p ‐terphenyl, bearing hydroxy‐, acetoxy‐, carboxy‐ or amino‐groups in 4,4″‐position.
Genetic Analysis Reveals that Amyloid Precursor Protein and Death Receptor 6 Function in the Same Pathway to Control Axonal Pruning Independent of β-Secretase (2014)

In the developing brain, initial neuronal projections are formed through extensive growth and branching of developing axons, but many branches are later pruned to sculpt the mature pattern of connections. Despite its widespread occurrence, the mechanisms controlling pruning remain incompletely characterized. Based on pharmacological and biochemical analysis in vitro and initial genetic analysis in vivo, prior studies implicated a pathway involving binding of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) to Death Receptor 6 (DR6) and activation of a downstream caspase cascade in axonal pruning. Here, we further test their involvement in pruning in vivo and their mechanism of action through extensive genetic and biochemical analysis. Genetic deletion of DR6 was previously shown to impair pruning of retinal axons in vivo. We show that genetic deletion of APP similarly impairs pruning of retinal axons in vivo and provide evidence that APP and DR6 act cell autonomously and in the same pathway to control pruning. Prior analysis had suggested that β-secretase cleavage of APP and binding of an N-terminal fragment of APP to DR6 is required for their actions, but further genetic and biochemical analysis reveals that β-secretase activity is not required and that high-affinity binding to DR6 requires a more C-terminal portion of the APP ectodomain. These results provide direct support for the model that APP and DR6 function cell autonomously and in the same pathway to control pruning in vivo and raise the possibility of alternate mechanisms for how APP and DR6 control pruning.
Use of low-dose UV-C irradiation to control powdery mildew caused by <i>Podosphaera aphanis</i> on strawberry plants (2016)

Strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, significantly reduces fruit yield and quality and predisposes fruit to other diseases. Fungicides have been routinely used to control this disease; however, their limitations necessitate the development of alternative approaches, especially for protective culture and organic production. A disease-control strategy was developed that combines treating strawberry plants with a low dose of UV-C (low dose/short duration) followed by a specific period of darkness, which greatly increases the lethality of UV-C. A leaf disc assay was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the UV-C treatment in controlling powdery mildew on strawberry. Irradiation for only 15 s by UV-C lamps with an output of 20.6 µW cm−2 followed by a 4-h dark period resulted in a significant decrease (P = 0.05) in P. aphanis as determined by the percentage of the leaf disc quadrants colonized by the fungus. An increase in irradiation exposure to 60 s followed by 4-h dark period resulted in complete control of the powdery mildew in most cases. Such treatment of strawberry plants once a week for 3 weeks resulted in more than a four-fold reduction (P = 0.01) of conidial production on adaxial leaf surfaces exposed to the UV-C irradiation, and did not affect leaf photosynthesis (P = 0.05). The UV-C treatment of plants over 15 weeks reduced the amount of diseased fruit and increased fruit yield and quality (P = 0.05).
Hardware Efficient Convolution Processing Unit for Deep Neural Networks (2019)

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a type of deep neural networks that are commonly used for object detection and classification. State-of-the-art hardware for training and inference of CNN architectures require a considerable amount of computation and memory intensive resources. CNN achieves greater accuracy at the cost of high computational complexity and large power consumption. To optimize the memory requirement, processing speed and power, it is crucial to design more efficient accelerator architecture for CNN computation. In this work, an overlap of spatially adjacent data is exploited in order to parallelize the movement of data. A fast, re-configurable hardware accelerator architecture along with optimized kernel design suitable for a variety of CNN models is proposed. Our design achieves 2.1x computational benefits over state-of the-art accelerator architectures.
Cultural Theory: An Introduction (2002)

About this Book. Preface -- What is Culture? What is Cultural Theory? 1. Culture in Classical Social Theory. 2. Culture and Social Integration in the Work of Talcott Parsons. 3. Culture as Ideology in Western Marxism. 4. Culture as Action in Symbolic Interactionism, Phenomenology, and Ethnomethodology. 5. The Durkheimians: Ritual, Classification, and the Sacred. 6. Structuralism and the Semiotic Analysis of Culture. 7. The Poststructural Turn. 8. Culture, Structure, and Agency: Three Attempts at Synthesis. 9. British Cultural Studies. 10. The Production and Reception of Culture. 11. Culture as Text: Narrative and Hermeneutics. 12. Psychoanalytic Approaches to Culture and the Self. 13. The Cultural Analysis of Postmodernism and Postmodernity. 14. Postmodern and Poststructural Critical Theory. References.
AUC-RPP: BASIC computer program for compartment model independent pharmacokinetic analysis. (1986)

A computer program in BASIC for compartment model independent analysis (AUC-RPP) is presented. The program is based on regression analysis of the terminal phase, the area under the curve and the area under the first moment curve. It is designed for i.v. constant rate infusion, i.v. push and extravascular administration. For the latter route a simple estimate on the absorption rate constant is performed.
Surprise Me If You Can (2018)

Our natural tendency to be curious is increasingly important now that we are exposed to vast amounts of information. We often cope with this overload by focusing on the familiar: information that matches our expectations. In this paper we present a framework for interactive serendipitous information discovery based on a computational model of surprise. This framework delivers information that users were not actively looking for, but which will be valuable to their unexpressed needs. We hypothesize that users will be surprised when presented with information that violates the expectations predicted by our model of them. This surprise model is balanced by a value component which ensures that the information is relevant to the user. Within this framework we have implemented two surprise models, one based on association mining and the other on topic modeling approaches. We evaluate these two models with thirty users in the context of online health news recommendation. Positive user feedback was obtained for both of the computational models of surprise compared to a baseline random method. This research contributes to the understanding of serendipity and how to "engineer" serendipity that is favored by users.
Logic restructuring for delay balancing in wave-pipelined circuits: an integer programming approach (2005)

In this paper we apply integer programming (IF) based techniques to the problem of delay balancing in wave-pipelined circuits. The proposed approach considers delays, as well as fan-in and fan-out associated with every node in the circuit. After a weighted graph representation of the circuit is formed a node collapsing procedure is used to preprocess (reduce the size of) the system and to obtain the final formulation of the IF problem, which is solved by using a branch and bound heuristic to acquire a minimum delay in the circuit. We also compare the proposed technique with application - to the same problem - of a linear programming solver.
Systolic blood pressure classification (2004)

To classify systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure using the oscillometric method heavily depends on the computational algorithms. Generally, the algorithms aim at extracting some parameters such as height, ratios of the pulses at certain pressure levels, which are obtained from the cuff pressure. These parameters can be used to form profiles to attribute to blood pressures. Our algorithms are based on fuzzy sets, whose membership functions are determined by using neural networks. We further employ Gram-Schmidt orthogonal transformation to select appropriate features for classification. The effectiveness of neural network solution to systolic blood pressure classification is the focus of this paper.
Combining multiple-subaperture and two-wavelength techniques to extend the measurement limits of an optical surface profiler (1988)

A method has been developed for extending the measurement range of an optical surface profiler using the techniques for combining multiple subapertures and two-wavelength phase-shifting interferometry. The effective trace length of the optical profiler is augmented by making a series of partially overlapping collinear measurements and then piecing the subapertures into a composite profile, thus extending the field of view of the instrument. The vertical dynamic range of the optical profiler is extended by taking phase measurements at two wavelengths and then subtracting these measurements to obtain the same result as if the object had been tested at a longer equivalent wavelength. This allows the resolution of phase ambiguities that may exist when using single-wavelength phase-shifting interferometry. Combining these techniques offers numerous possible applications for testing deep wave fronts and surfaces, such as aspheric optical components, with variable sensitivity.
Actual Long-term Outcome of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer After Surgical Resection (2005)

In cases of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, resection should be considered and efforts should be made to obtain a tumor-free margin. An aggressive surgical approach will give some survival benefit to the patients with even advanced disease. Long-term follow up is needed before declaring "a cure," because late recurrence after 5 years is detected not infrequently. Adjuvant therapy, local and systemic, needs to be further developed.
Collaborative interface agents (1994)

Interface agents are semi-intelligent systems which assist users with daily computer-based tasks. Recently, various researchers have proposed a learning approach towards building such agents and some working prototypes have been demonstrated. Such agents learn by `watching over the shoulder&apos; of the user and detecting patterns and regularities in the user&apos;s behavior. Despite the successes booked, a major problem with the learning approach is that the agent has to learn from scratch and thus takes some time becoming useful. Secondly, the agent&apos;s competence is necessarily limited to actions it has seen the user perform. Collaboration between agents assisting different users can alleviate both of these problems. We present a framework for multiagent collaboration and discuss results of a working prototype, based on learning agents for electronic mail. Introduction Learning interface agents are computer programs that employ machine learning techniques in order to provide assistance to a u...
Metabolism and cancer: the future is now (2019)

In the last decade, the field of cancer metabolism transformed itself from being a description of the metabolic features of cancer cells to become a key component of cellular transformation. Now, the potential role of this field in cancer biology is ready to be unravelled.
Holonic-C2 Organization Structure Generation Method Based on Clustering Optimization Algorithms (2019)

For Holonic-C2 organization-structure generation, a set of methods based on task-cluster clustering and platform-set optimization are proposed. Initially, the mathematical descriptions of the Holonic-C2 organization components are presented, and the characteristics and advantages of the Holonic-C2 organization are analyzed. To address the critical problems of task cluster and platform-set construction in the organization structure, with the equalization of the task resource requirements and platform resource capabilities, the mathematical models for two-stage clustering optimization are established, respectively. The multi-view clustering optimization and neighborhood search artificial bee colony algorithms are proposed and applied, respectively, for solving these mathematical models. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are performed, and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models and algorithms.
Neural network software diagnosis system of telemetry data (2013)

This paper describes a prototype of software system of neural network control of telemetry data for malfunction diagnosis of spacecraft subsystems. The prototype is used for testing of intelligent technologies for processing information about a spacecraft subsystems state, prediction and detection of irregularities of the spacecraft subsystem modes. The Information obtained from on-board data sources on space communication channel is used for processing.
Through the Looking Glass-2020 Edition: Trends in Solid-State Circuits From ISSCC (2020)

The International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) is the flagship conference of the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society. The theme for ISSCC 2020 is "Integrated Circuits Powering the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Era." Advances in solid-state circuits and systems have brought ever more powerful communication and computational capabilities into mobile form factors. Such ubiquitous smart devices lie at the heart of a revolution shaping how we connect, collaborate, build relationships, and share information. These social technologies enable people to maintain connections and support networks not otherwise possible; they provide the ability to access information instantaneously and from any location, thereby helping to shape world events and culture, empower citizens of all nations, and create social networks that help worldwide communities develop and form bonds based on common interests.