gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Framework for Autonomous Robot Deployment with Perfect Demand\n Satisfaction using Virtual Forces (2019)

In many applications, robots autonomous deployment is preferable and\nsometimes it is the only affordable solution. To address this issue, virtual\nforce (VF) is one of the prominent approaches to performing multirobot\ndeployment autonomously. However, most of the existing VF-based approaches\nconsider only a uniform deployment to maximize the covered area while ignoring\nthe criticality of specific locations during the deployment process. To\novercome these limitations, we present a framework for autonomously deploy\nrobots or vehicles using virtual force. The framework is composed of two\nstages. In the first stage, a two-hop Cooperative Virtual Force based Robots\nDeployment (Two-hop COVER) is employed where a cooperative relation between\nrobots and neighboring landmarks is established to satisfy mission\nrequirements. The second stage complements the first stage and ensures perfect\ndemand satisfaction by utilizing the Trace Fingerprint technique which\ncollected traces while each robot traversing the deployment area. Finally, a\nfairness-aware version of Two-hop COVER is presented to consider scenarios\nwhere the mission requirements are greater than the available resources (i.e.\nrobots). We evaluate our framework via extensive simulations. The results\ndemonstrate outstanding performance compared to contemporary approaches in\nterms of total travelled distance, total exchanged messages, total deployment\ntime, and Jain fairness index.\n
Single-layer Planar Metasurface Lens with >170° Field of View (2019)

We demonstrated the first single-layer metasurface lens on a flat substrate capable of performing diffraction-limited focusing over >170° field of view (FOV). Wide-angle diffraction-limited imaging was also experimentally validated.
Immune responses of poultry to Newcastle disease virus (2013)

Newcastle disease (ND) remains a constant threat to poultry producers worldwide, in spite of the availability and global employment of ND vaccinations since the 1950s. Strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belong to the order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae, and genus Avulavirus, are contained in one serotype and are also known as avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1). They are pleomorphic in shape and are single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA viruses. The virus has been reported to infect most orders of birds and thus has a wide host range. Isolates are characterized by virulence in chickens and the presence of basic amino acids at the fusion protein cleavage site. Low virulent NDV typically produce subclinical disease with some morbidity, whereas virulent isolates can result in rapid, high mortality of birds. Virulent NDV are listed pathogens that require immediate notification to the Office of International Epizootics and outbreaks typically result in trade embargos. Protection against NDV is through the use of vaccines generated with low virulent NDV strains. Immunity is derived from neutralizing antibodies formed against the viral hemagglutinin and fusion glycoproteins, which are responsible for attachment and spread of the virus. However, new techniques and technologies have also allowed for more in depth analysis of the innate and cell-mediated immunity of poultry to NDV. Gene profiling experiments have led to the discovery of novel host genes modulated immediately after infection. Differences in virus virulence alter host gene response patterns have been demonstrated. Furthermore, the timing and contributions of cell-mediated immune responses appear to decrease disease and transmission potential. In view of recent reports of vaccine failure from many countries on the ability of classical NDV vaccines to stop spread of disease, renewed interest in a more complete understanding of the global immune response of poultry to NDV will be critical to developing new control strategies and intervention programs for the future.
TRANSGENIC BANANA PLANTS RESISTANT TO BANANA BUNCHY TOP VIRUS INFECTION (2011)

Embryogenic cell suspensions (ECS) initiated from immature male flowers of banana cultivar 'Dwarf Brazilian' (AAB, Pome subgroup) were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing one of four constructs derived from the replicase-associated protein (Rep) gene of the Hawaiian isolate of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). Each construct was engineered under control of a double CaMV 35S promoter and the AMV enchancer sequence in the binary plasmid pBI121. Constructs were transferred into A. tumefaciens strain AGLO and used to transform banana ECS. Plantlets that survived antibiotic selection were acclimated to greenhouse conditions and challenged with viruliferous banana aphids (Pentalonia nigronervosa). Ten adult or late instar aphids were allowed to feed for 2-4 weeks on test plants. All test plants were kept in the greenhouse and monitored for symptom expression for a period of 6 months. Control plants transformed with empty vector pBI121 only were included in all tests. A total of 270 test plants and 63 control plants were screened for BBTV resistance using this approach. One of 32 test plants transformed with the M1 (mutant Rep gene) construct, 5 of 74 test plants transformed with the AS1 (antisense Rep gene) construct, 5 of 38 test plants transformed with the PR1 (partial Rep gene) construct, and 10 of 126 test plants transformed with the R/PR1 (full-length Rep gene fused to antisepses partial Rep gene) construct were found to be resistant to BBTV challenge and showed no bunchy top symptoms. All of the control plants became infected with BBTV under these experimental conditions. Plants that survived BBTV challenge were analysed by quantitative PCR (per) and Southern hybridisations to determine the number of transgenes that were present in their genomes. Results from these analyses indicated that the resistant plants contained from 2 to more than 9 copies of the NPTII (kanamycin resistance) transgene carried on the pBI121 plasmid.
Formation of high electromagnetic gradients through a particle-based microfluidic approach (2007)

The ability to generate strong magnetic field gradients is a prerequisite for efficient magnetic-based cell/bio-particle separation or concentration. Creating these gradients is difficult under microscale fluidic devices. Conventional MEMS magnetic-based microfluidic devices involve the use of non-trivial and expensive multi-layer fabrication processes in order to produce magnetic field generators/concentrators (e.g. metal coil/ferromagnetic structures) around the microfluidic channels. A microfluidic device with simplified fabrication procedures while achieving the same functional purposes of magnetic separation/concentration of particles is highly desirable. Here, we propose a simple single-layer, single-mask fabrication technique for magnetic MEMS fluidic device construction, where nickel microparticles can be monolithographically integrated into any configurations. We constructed the microfluidic device through conventional PDMS replicate molding, with injection of nickel microparticles into a side channel 25 µm apart from the main separation channel. The nickel microparticles are responsible for bending and concentrating the external magnetic field for gradient generation. This magnetic field gradient induced magnetic forces on the particles present in the main channel. The force generated by the presence of the nickel particles is 3.31 times greater than that without the use of a magnetic field concentrator (i.e. nickel particles). The proposed methodology can be extended for the development of automated high-throughput microfluidic cell separation devices. The simplicity of fabrication and enhanced magnetic separation efficiency shows great promise for future microfluidic systems.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2,4-Diaminoquinazoline Derivatives as <i>SMN2</i> Promoter Activators for the Potential Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2008)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by death of motor neurons in the spinal cord that is caused by deletion and/or mutation of the survival motor neuron gene ( SMN1). Adjacent to SMN1 are a variable number of copies of the SMN2 gene. The two genes essentially differ by a single nucleotide, which causes the majority of the RNA transcripts from SMN2 to lack exon 7. Although both SMN1 and SMN2 encode the same Smn protein amino acid sequence, the loss of SMN1 and incorrect splicing of SMN2 have the consequence that Smn protein levels are insufficient for the survival of motor neurons. The therapeutic goal of our medicinal chemistry effort was to identify small-molecule activators of the SMN2 promoter that, by up-regulating gene transcription, would produce greater quantities of full-length Smn protein. Our initial medicinal chemistry effort explored a series of C5 substituted benzyl ether based 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives that were found to be potent activators of the SMN2 promoter; however, inhibition of DHFR was shown to be an off-target activity that was linked to ATP depletion. We used a structure-guided approach to overcome DHFR inhibition while retaining SMN2 promoter activation. A lead compound 11a was identified as having high potency (EC50 = 4 nM) and 2.3-fold induction of the SMN2 promoter. Compound 11a possessed desirable pharmaceutical properties, including excellent brain exposure and long brain half-life following oral dosing to mice. The piperidine compound 11a up-regulated expression of the mouse SMN gene in NSC-34 cells, a mouse motor neuron hybrid cell line. In type 1 SMA patient fibroblasts, compound 11a induced Smn in a dose-dependent manner when analyzed by immunoblotting and increased the number of intranuclear particles called gems. The compound restored gems numbers in type I SMA patient fibroblasts to levels near unaffected genetic carriers of SMA.
High-performance, space-efficient, automated object locking (2002)

Studies the impact of several lock manager designs on the overhead imposed on a persistent programming language by automated object locking. Our study reveals that a lock management method based on lock-state sharing outperforms more traditional lock management designs. Lock-state sharing is a novel lock management method that represents all lock data structures with equal values with a single shared data structure. Sharing the value of locks has numerous benefits: (i) it makes the space consumed by the lock manager small and independent of the number of locks acquired by transactions, (ii) it eliminates the need for expensive bookkeeping of locks by transactions, and (iii) it enables the use of memoization techniques for whole locking operations. These advantages add up to making the release of locks practically free, and the processing of over 99% of the lock requests takes between eight and 14 RISC instructions.
Biomimetic Rotated Lamellar Plywood Motifs by Additive Manufacturing of Metal Alloy Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering (2017)

Additive manufacturing presents opportunities to treat bone defects using biomimetic tissue scaffolds. Past investigations have explored modulating scaffold mechanical properties through varying materials and geometric motifs. Herein, we applied the rotated plywood structure of bone tissue to a 3D printed scaffold with the goal of improving mechanical performance compared to an orthogonal mesh design commonly used in tissue scaffold applications. The scaffolds were subjected to uniaxial compression followed by scanning electron microscopy and microcomputer tomography. The uniaxial compression test was characterized through elastic modulus (mean 1.32 GPa biomimetic, 0.196 GPa orthogonal, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ultimate compressive strength (mean 16.546 MPa biomimetic, 6.309 MPa orthogonal design, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and ultimate compressive strain values (4.867% biomimetic, 9.000% orthogonal, <i>p</i> < 0.005). Correlation of microfracture imaging to bulk scaffold mode of failure suggest that utilizing the biomimetic plywood design not only improved mechanical performance, but also reduced asymmetrtic buckling, plastic deformation, and fracture propagation similar to bone tissue.
Frequency look-ahead and link state history based interference avoidance in wireless picocellular networks (2002)

In this paper, we present a scheme for combating the problem of interference in frequency hopping indoor wireless communication systems such as Bluetooth. Other methods in reported literature involve adapting the hopping sequence to avoid bad frequencies but they are unsuitable for Bluetooth which has a fixed hopping sequence for a picocell. The proposed scheme is based on the concept of frequency look-ahead and maintaining link state history (LSH) as a table. Look-ahead is employed to know a priori the frequencies that might be used for transmission in the near future. LSH is used to predict the probability of future interference. The paper gives two methods of recording LSH, the first based on the receipt of ACKs and NAKs from the slave and the second based on slave side monitoring of the channel. Before transmitting, the master checks the LSH table to select the slave and the packet size to transmit, such that both the transmissions to and from that slave have a low probability of error. By choosing the right packet size, the master is able to mask bad frequencies and does not need to change the hopping sequence in any way.
Arbitrarily shaped transform coding based on a new padding technique (2001)

Coding of arbitrarily shaped image segments is an important tool to achieve object-based coding, which is becoming more and more popular in today's multimedia applications. We introduce a new padding technique based on which the arbitrarily shaped DCT can be implemented using a normal N/spl times/N DCT. The new padding is carried out for each arbitrarily shaped block in such a way that there are as many transformed coefficients of high frequencies as possible that could be set to zero. In the best case, it does not expand the data set in the DCT-domain. Arbitrarily shaped DCT coding based on this padding technique is developed, and then analyzed and compared against some of the existing algorithms in terms of the rate-distortion performance, computational complexity, and implementation cost.
A Novel Approach to Reducing Number of Sensing Units for Wearable Gait Analysis Systems (2012)

Gait analysis methods to estimate spatiotemporal measures, based on two, three or four gyroscopes attached on lower limbs have been discussed in the literature. The most common approach to reduce the number of sensing units is to simplify the underlying biomechanical gait model. In this study, we propose a novel method based on prediction of movements of thighs from movements of shanks. Datasets from three previous studies were used. Data from the first study (ten healthy subjects and ten with Parkinson's disease) were used to develop and calibrate a system with only two gyroscopes attached on shanks. Data from two other studies (36 subjects with hip replacement, seven subjects with coxarthrosis, and eight control subjects) were used for comparison with the other methods and for assessment of error compared to a motion capture system. Results show that the error of estimation of stride length compared to motion capture with the system with four gyroscopes and our new method based on two gyroscopes was close ( -0.8 ±6.6 versus 3.8 ±6.6 cm). An alternative with three sensing units did not show better results (error: -0.2 ±8.4 cm). Finally, a fourth that also used two units but with a simpler gait model had the highest bias compared to the reference (error: -25.6 ±7.6 cm). We concluded that it is feasible to estimate movements of thighs from movements of shanks to reduce number of needed sensing units from 4 to 2 in context of ambulatory gait analysis.
Reversible modification of CdTe surface composition by excimer laser irradiation (1990)

KrF excimer laser irradiation of CdTe at fluences below the melt threshold (≤75 mJ/cm2) removes surface layers and produces reversible changes in the surface composition that depend upon the laser fluence and number of laser pulses delivered to the surface. At fluences above ∼40 mJ/cm2 a Te-rich layer is obtained. A stoichiometric composition can be restored by irradiation at reduced laser fluence. The primary desorption products are Cd and Te2, and the velocities of these species are well described by a Maxwellian distribution. The fluence-dependent changes in CdTe surface composition are consistent with a photothermal mechanism based on the competition between formation and desorption of Te2 and desorption of Cd atoms from the laser-irradiated surface.
Titanium Materials for UHV/XHV Systems (2006)

Outgassing properties and surface profiles of titanium materials have been investigated in this paper. Titanium materials showed excellent outgassing rates below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> Pams <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> after baking process. These values are two orders of magnitude smaller than that for standard vacuum materials under the same pre-baking condition. Outgassing rates of the pure titanium of JIS grade 2, titanium alloy, KS100, are about 1/4 of that for a stainless steel without baking process. Titanium materials are applicable for the vacuum chamber and vacuum components. The vacuum equipment made of the titanium material has excellent vacuum performance, e.g., very quick evacuation and UHV/XHV pressures are easily obtainable
Acoustic wave H2O phase-change sensor capable of self-cleaning and distinguishing air, water, dew, frost, and ice (1993)

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Use of Genetic Algorithms to Optimize Fiber Optic Probe Design for the Extraction of Tissue Optical Properties (2006)

An approach for optimizing the probe geometry for extracting optical properties is developed. It was found that optical properties could be extracted with accuracies of better than 0.5 cm−1, while requiring no a priori assumptions.
Hardware Scheduling for Dynamic Adaptability using External Profiling and Hardware Threading (2003)

While performance, area, and power constraints have been the driving force in designing current communication-enabled embedded systems, post-fabrication and run-time adaptability is now required. Two dominant configurable hardware platforms are processors and FPGAs. However, for compute-intensive applications, neither platform delivers the needed performance at the desired low power. The need thus arises for custom, application-specific configurable (ASC) hardware. This paper addresses the optimization of ASC hardware. Our target application areas are multimedia and communication where an incoming packet (task) is processed independently of other packets. We innovatively utilize two concepts: external profiling and hardware threading. We utilize an M/M/c queueing model to profile task arrival patterns and show how profiling guides design decisions. We introduce the novel concept of hardware threading which allows on-the-fly borrowing of unutilized hardware, thus maximizing task-level parallelism, to either boost performance or to lower power consumption. We present a scheduling algorithm that synthesizes a hardware-threaded architecture, and discuss experimental results that illustrate adaptability to different workloads, and performance/power trade-offs.
Fast stochastic hierarchical Bayesian map for tomographic imaging (2017)

Any image recovery algorithm attempts to achieve the highest quality reconstruction in a timely manner. The former can be achieved in several ways, among which are by incorporating Bayesian priors that exploit natural image tendencies to cue in on relevant phenomena. The Hierarchical Bayesian MAP (HB-MAP) is one such approach [1] which is known to produce compelling results albeit at a substantial computational cost. We look to provide further analysis and insights into what makes the HB-MAP work. While retaining the proficient nature of HB-MAP's Type-I estimation, we propose a stochastic approximation-based approach to Type-II estimation. The resulting algorithm, fast stochastic HB-MAP (fsHBMAP), takes dramatically fewer operations while retaining high reconstruction quality. We employ our fsHBMAP scheme towards the problem of tomographic imaging and demonstrate that fsHBMAP furnishes promising results when compared to many competing methods.
Current Conduction and Electroluminescence Mechanisms in Molecular Organic Light Emitting Devices. (1995)

Electroluminescence (EL) from vacuum deposited organic molecular heterojunction (HJ) devices can potentially yield red, green and blue light at levels of brightnesses and efficiencies adequate for viable flat panel displays 1 . However, to date, there has been little detailed analysis of the origin of EL and the current conduction mechanisms in these novel devices. The spatial distribution of EL in HJ devices using tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3 ) as the light emitting layer has been measured and shown to occur within a few hundred Ångstroms of the organic HJ. 2 This was assigned to excitons created at the organic HJ subsequently diffusing into the bulk organic layer before radiatively recombining. Charge injection mechanisms in such structures, however, were not elucidated. In polymeric OLEDs, tunneling 3 into the conduction bands of the organic material has been invoked to explain the observed current-voltage (I-V) and EL characteristics. However, given the low carrier mobilities characteristic of many organic materials and the difficulties in measuring and interpreting band offset data, the validity of simple band structure and tunneling models remains unclear.
Mullite Whiskers from Precursor Gel Powders (1990)

A mullite precursor sol was prepared by mixing boehmite and silica sols. On addition of 3.5 wt% F − ion as a 47% solution of HF, the mullite sol was gelled. The dried gel was ball‐milled and calcined at 1400°C for 1 h in an airtight container. Mullite whiskers grew on the (111) plane along the 〈001〉 direction.
Power control by Kalman filter with error margin for wireless IP networks (2002)

A power-control method based on the tracking of interference power by use of a Kalman filter, proposed earlier for packet-switched TDMA wireless networks, does not yield a performance gain in case of short message lengths and/or moderate control delays. The major reason is that the interference prediction by the filter may not be accurate enough due to little interference temporal correlation. In this paper, we enhance the power-control method by introducing an error margin in determining the transmission power. The error margin is obtained based on tracking of the interference prediction error, which automatically captures the impacts due to short message lengths and control delays. Our performance results reveal that the enhanced power-control method is capable of providing a significant performance improvement even for short messages and moderate control delays. Specifically, for the worst case where the message length L=1 (i.e., one packet per message), the 90 and 95 percentile signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINR) for the enhanced method are 2.69 and 2.96 dB above those for no power control in a system of 4-sector cells with a frequency reuse factor of 2/8. In contrast, the original Kalman-filter method with no error margin yields no SINR gain for L=1. For L=10, we also observe a similar improvement by the enhanced method for control delays up to 3 time slots.