gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic-SCFlip Decoding of Polar Codes (2017)

This paper proposes a generalization of the recently introduced Successive Cancellation Flip (SCFlip) decoding of polar codes, characterized by a number of extra decoding attempts, where one or several positions are flipped from the standard Successive Cancellation (SC) decoding. To make such an approach effective, we first introduce the concept of higher-order bit-flips, and propose a new metric to determine the bit-flips that are more likely to correct the trajectory of the SC decoding. We then propose a generalized SCFlip decoding algorithm, referred to as Dynamic-SCFlip (D-SCFlip), which dynamically builds a list of candidate bit-flips, while guaranteeing that extra decoding attempts are performed by decreasing probability of success. Simulation results show that D-SCFlip is an effective alternative to SC-List decoding of polar codes, by providing very good error correcting performance, with an average computation complexity close to the one of the SC decoder.
Control of Exciton Fluxes in an Excitonic Integrated Circuit (2008)

Efficient signal communication uses photons. Signal processing, however, uses an optically inactive medium, electrons. Therefore, an interconnection between electronic signal processing and optical communication is required at the integrated circuit level. We demonstrated control of exciton fluxes in an excitonic integrated circuit. The circuit consists of three exciton optoelectronic transistors and performs operations with exciton fluxes, such as directional switching and merging. Photons transform into excitons at the circuit input, and the excitons transform into photons at the circuit output. The exciton flux from the input to the output is controlled by a pattern of the electrode voltages. The direct coupling of photons, used in communication, to excitons, used as the device-operation medium, may lead to the development of efficient exciton-based optoelectronic devices.
Robust Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm using Instantaneous Direction of Arrival with Enhanced Noise Suppression Capability (2007)

In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive beamforming algorithm with enhanced noise suppression capability. The proposed algorithm incorporates the sound-source presence probability into the adaptive blocking matrix, which is estimated based on the instantaneous direction of arrival of the input signals and voice activity detection. The proposed algorithm guarantees robustness to steering vector errors without imposing ad hoc constraints on the adaptive filter coefficients. It can provide good suppression performance for both directional interference signals as well as isotropic ambient noise. For in-car environment the proposed beamformer shows SNR improvement up to 12 dB without using an additional noise suppressor.
A concept for a high gain light water breeder on the uranium/plutonium cycle (1984)

Contrary to the prevailing view, breeding in a light water reactor on the uranium/plutonium cycle can be achieved if one takes advantage of the potential neutronic gains from the buildup and depletion of higher isotopes formed from neutron absorption in /sup 239/Pu. To accomplish this, a combination of Prebreeder and Breeder cycles is proposed. The concept employs a novel core loading scheme, utilizing two types of fuel rods in a seed-and-blanket arrangement. In a symbiotic fuel cycle with commercial LWRs savings of about 7% per year in fissile fuel required is obtainable. The scheme is intended to be retrofittable in existing PWRs with no major modifications required.
Detecting peanuts inoculated with toxigenic and atoxienic<i>Aspergillus flavus</i>strains with fluorescence hyperspectral imagery (2017)

Aflatoxin contamination in peanut products has been an important and long-standing problem around the world. Produced mainly by <i>Aspergillus flavus </i>and <i>Aspergillus parasiticus,</i> aflatoxins are the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds among toxins. This study investigated the application of fluorescence visible near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral images to assess the spectral difference between peanut kernels inoculated with toxigenic and atoxigenic inocula of <i>A. flavus </i>and healthy kernels. Peanut kernels were inoculated with NRRL3357, a toxigenic strain of<i> A. flavus</i>, and AF36, an atoxigenic strain of <i>A. flavus</i>, respectively. Fluorescence hyperspectral images under ultraviolet (UV) excitation were recorded on peanut kernels with and without skin. Contaminated kernels exhibited different fluorescence features compared with healthy kernels. For the kernels without skin, the inoculated kernels had a fluorescence peaks shifted to longer wavelengths with lower intensity than healthy kernels. In addition, the fluorescence intensity of peanuts without skin was higher than that of peanuts with skin (10 times). The fluorescence spectra of kernels with skin are significantly different from that of the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of the toxigenic, AF3357 peanuts with skin was lower than that of the atoxigenic AF36 group. Discriminate analysis showed that the inoculation group can be separated from the controls with 100% accuracy. However, the two inoculation groups (AF3357 vis AF36) can be separated with only ～80% accuracy. This study demonstrated the potential of fluorescence hyperspectral imaging techniques for screening of peanut kernels contaminated with A. flavus, which could potentially lead to the production of rapid and non-destructive scanning-based detection technology for the peanut industry.
Identification of a novel truncated alphaIIb integrin. (1998)

Integrin alphaIIb beta3 requires its cytoplasmic tails to participate in tumor cell adhesion, spreading, and migration. Using 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends, we have amplified two alphaIIb cDNAs from human leukemia, prostate adenocarcinoma, and melanoma cells. One of these is the predicted wild-type alphaIIb cDNA, and the other is a novel truncated alphaIIb variant. This variant is unique in that it lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic portions of the alphaIIb light chain. The truncated alphaIIb integrin protein is expressed by human leukemia, prostate adenocarcinoma, and melanoma cells but not by platelets or normal prostate epithelial or normal breast epithelial cells. Tumor cells secrete this protein and deposit it on the extracellular matrix. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a naturally occurring variant of an alpha integrin that lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail.
Kern River Field Test of a Steam Quality Measurement Technique (1988)

ABSTRACT In large steamflood operations, there is a need to measure accurately the steam quality and mass flow rate at the injection wellhead. At Texaco's steamflood operation at the Kern River Field in Bakersfield, California, a novel technique which incorporates an orifice plate in series with a critical flow choke has been developed and tested in the field. Results from field testing proved the technique to be a potentially viable, low-cost and reasonably accurate method with an accuracy of +/- 5 quality points for steam quality and +/- 32 BSPD-CWE [5.09 m3/day - CWE] for flow rate. The method was tested at steam qualities ranging from 15 to 88% and at mass flow rates ranging from 200 to 800 BSPD-CWE [32 to 121 m3/day - CWE]. Upstream pressures ranged from 300 to 700 psia [2068 to 4826 kPa].
A Multi-Finger Touchless Fingerprinting System (2017)

We have developed a Multi-Finger Touchless fingerprinting system that can be deployed on most smartphones, capturing prints with only the rear camera and the LED flash. These prints are interoperable with conventional touch-based print databases. This allows fingerprint identification to be rolled out to the general population as a software only solution.
Predicting Prognosis in COVID-19 Patients using Machine Learning and Readily Available Clinical Data (2021)

Abstract Rationale Prognostic tools for aiding in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients could help improve outcome by identifying patients at higher or lower risk of severe disease. Objectives The study objective was to develop models to stratify patients by risk of severe outcomes during COVID-19 hospitalization using readily available information at hospital admission. Methods Hierarchical ensemble classification models were trained on a set of 229 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 to predict severe outcomes, including ICU admission, development of ARDS, or intubation, using easily attainable attributes including basic patient characteristics, vital signs at admission, and basic lab results collected at time of presentation. Each test stratifies patients into groups of increasing risk. An additional cohort of 330 patients was used for blinded, independent validation. Shapley value analysis evaluated which attributes contributed most to the models’ predictions of risk. Measurements and Main Results Test performance was assessed using precision (positive predictive value) and recall (sensitivity) of the final risk groups. All test cut-offs were fixed prior to blinded validation. In both development and validation, the tests achieved precision in the lowest risk groups near or above 0.9. The proportion of patients with severe outcomes significantly increased across increasing risk groups. While the importance of attributes varied by test and patient, CRP, LDH, and D-dimer were often found to be important in the assignment of risk label. Conclusions Risk of severe outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection can be assessed using machine learning-based models based on attributes routinely collected at hospital admission.
Starch-Branching Enzymes Preferentially Associated with A-Type Starch Granules in Wheat Endosperm (2000)

Abstract Two starch granule-bound proteins (SGP), SGP-140 and SGP-145, were preferentially associated with A-type starch granules (&gt;10 μm) in developing and mature wheat (Triticum aestivum) kernels. Immunoblotting and N-terminal sequencing suggested that the two proteins were different variants of SBEIc, a 152-kD isoform of wheat starch-branching enzyme. Both SGP-140 and SGP-145 were localized to the endosperm starch granules but were not found in the endosperm soluble fraction or pericarp starch granules younger than 15 d post anthesis (DPA). Small-size starch granules (&lt;10 μm) initiated before 15 DPA incorporated SGP-140 and SGP-145 throughout endosperm development and grew into full-size A-type starch granules (&gt;10 μm). In contrast, small-size starch granules harvested after 15 DPA contained only low amounts of SGP-140 and SGP-145 and developed mainly into B-type starch granules (&lt;10 μm). Polypeptides of similar mass and immunologically related to SGP-140 and/or SGP-145 were also preferentially incorporated into A-type starch granules of barley (Hordeum vulgare), rye (Secale cereale), and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) endosperm, which like wheat endosperm have a bimodal starch granule size distribution.
Cine CT for Attenuation Correction in Cardiac PET/CT (2007)

Cine CT offers an alternative to helical CT for compensating for respiratory motion in the attenuation correction of cardiac PET studies. Phantom studies suggest that the average and the intensity maximum of the cine CT images can reduce potential respiration-induced misalignment errors in attenuation correction. Patient studies reveal that cine CT provides acceptable alignment in most cases and suggest that the intensity-maximum cine image offers a more robust alternative to the average cine image.
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiological Features of Coronavirus HKU1–Associated Community‐Acquired Pneumonia (2005)

CoV-HKU1 accounts for 2.4% of community-acquired pneumonia, with 2 genotypes in the study population. Without performance of diagnostic tests, the illness was clinically indistinguishable from other community-acquired pneumonia illnesses.
Analytical and Clinical Performance of the CDC Real Time RT-PCR Assay for Detection and Typing of Dengue Virus (2013)

Dengue is an acute illness caused by the positive-strand RNA dengue virus (DENV). There are four genetically distinct DENVs (DENV-1-4) that cause disease in tropical and subtropical countries. Most patients are viremic when they present with symptoms; therefore, RT-PCR has been increasingly used in dengue diagnosis. The CDC DENV-1-4 RT-PCR Assay has been developed as an in-vitro diagnostic platform and was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for detection of dengue in patients with signs or symptoms of mild or severe dengue. The primers and probes of this test have been designed to detect currently circulating strains of DENV-1-4 from around the world at comparable sensitivity. In a retrospective study with 102 dengue cases confirmed by IgM anti-DENV seroconversion in the convalescent sample, the RT-PCR Assay detected DENV RNA in 98.04% of the paired acute samples. Using sequencing as a positive indicator, the RT-PCR Assay had a 97.92% positive agreement in 86 suspected dengue patients with a single acute serum sample. After extensive validations, the RT-PCR Assay performance was highly reproducible when evaluated across three independent testing sites, did not produce false positive results for etiologic agents of other febrile illnesses, and was not affected by pathological levels of potentially interfering biomolecules. These results indicate that the CDC DENV-1-4 RT-PCR Assay provides a reliable diagnostic platform capable for confirming dengue in suspected cases.
Globally Convergent Homotopy Methods for the DC Operating PointProblem (1990)

Accurate and efficient computer simulation of a proposed design for an integrated circuit ("chip") is essential because of the difficulty and expense of building prototypes for such devices. The transistors and diodes in such circuits are modeled with nonlinear equations, hence simulation of circuits requires the solution of systems of nonlinear equations involving hundreds or even thousands of variables. This paper discusses the application of probability-one homotopy methods to various systems of nonlinear equations which arise in circuit simulation. The so-called "coercivity conditions" which are required for such methods are proved using concepts from circuit theory. The theoretical claims of global convergence for such methods are substantiated by experiments with a collection of examples which have proved difficult for commercial simulation packages which do not use homotopy methods. Moreover, by careful design of the homotopy equations, the performance of the homotopy methods can be made quite reasonable.
Semiconductor process and structural optimization of shallow trench isolation-defined and polysilicon-bound source/drain diodes for ESD networks (2002)

The impact of MOSFET source/drain junction scaling on the ESD robustness of shallow trench isolation (STI)-defined diode structures is shown for the first time. ESD robustness improvements to STI-bound p/sup +/ diodes using germanium preamorphization and deep B11 implants, and polysilicon-bordered ESD networks are also discussed.
A Novel Process for the Synthesis of Highly Pure n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA)-Enriched Triglycerides by Combined Transesterification and Ethanolysis (2016)

In this study, a novel two-step enzymatic reaction was developed for the synthesis of highly pure triacylglycerols (TAGs) with a high content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Glyceride mixtures were primarily synthesized by Novozym 435-catalyzed transesterification of glycerol and DHA/EPA-rich ethyl esters (EEs), followed by removal of partial glycerides, for the first time, by immobilized mono- and diacylglycerol lipase SMG1-F278N-catalyzed ethanolysis. TAG yield as high as 98.66% was achieved under the optimized conditions, and highly pure (98.75%) n-3 PUFA-enriched TAGs with 88.44% of n-3 PUFA was obtained after molecular distillation at lower temperature (140 °C). In addition, the EEs produced during ethanolysis had a FA composition similar to that of the original EEs, making them feasible for cyclic utilization. This was the first study reporting removal of partial glycerides by ethanolysis. Through ethanolysis, a higher purity product could be easily obtained at a relatively low temperature compared with the conventional high-temperature molecular distillation.
Perceptual pre-processing filter for adaptive video on demand content delivery (2014)

We describe the use of perceptual pre-processing to reduce the bitrate needed for delivery of Video on Demand (VOD) content. The proposed system exploits estimated viewing conditions to remove image oscillations which are not visible to the user under the specific viewing conditions. The pre-processing uses parameters such as: viewing distance, pixel density, ambient illumination, etc. A model of human visual system contrast sensitivity is used to remove oscillations in the image data which cannot be seen and need not be encoded. Experiments demonstrate significant bitrate savings compared to conventional encoding methods which do not exploit viewing conditions.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Vaccine Protects Mice against Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (2019)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a tick-borne bunyavirus, can cause a life-threatening hemorrhagic syndrome in humans but not in its animal host. The virus is widely distributed throughout southeastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Disease management has proven difficult and there are no broadly licensed vaccines or therapeutics. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSV) expressing foreign glycoproteins (GP) have shown promise as experimental vaccines for several viral hemorrhagic fevers. Here, we developed and assessed a replication competent rVSV vector expressing the CCHFV glycoprotein precursor (GPC), which encodes CCHFV structural glycoproteins. This construct drives strong expression of CCHFV-GP, in vitro. Using these vectors, we vaccinated STAT-1 knock-out mice, an animal model for CCHFV. The vector was tolerated and 100% efficacious against challenge from a clinical strain of CCHFV. Anti-CCHFV-GP IgG and neutralizing antibody titers were observed in surviving animals. This study demonstrates that a rVSV expressing only the CCHFV-GP has the potential to serve as a replication competent vaccine platform against CCHF infections.
Optimization of Looped Airfoil Wind Turbine (LAWT™) Design Parameters for Maximum Power Generation (2015)

The looped airfoil wind turbine (LAWT™) is a patented new technology by EverLift Wind Tecnology, Inc. for generating power from wind. It takes advantage of the superior lift force of a linearly traveling wing compared to the rotating blades in conventional wind turbine configurations. Compared to horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines, the LAWT™ can be manufactured with minimal cost because it does not require complex gear systems and its blades have a constant profile along their length [1]. These considerations make the LAWT™ economically attractive for small-scale and decentralized power generation in rural areas. Each LAWT™ is estimated to generate power in the range of 10 kW to 1 MW. Due to various advantages, it is meaningful to determine the maximum power generation of a LAWT™ by optimizing the structural layout. In this study, CFD simulations were conducted using ANSYS Fluent to determine the total lift and drag coefficient for a cascade of airfoils. The k-kl-ω turbulence model was used to account for flow in the laminar-turbulent transition region. Given the lift and drag coefficients and the kinematics of the system, an analytical formula for the power generation of the LAWT™ was developed. General formulas were obtained for the average lift and drag coefficients so that the total power could be predicted for any number of airfoils in LAWT™. The spacing between airfoils was identified as the key design parameter that affected the power generation of the LAWT™. The results show that a marked increase in total power can be achieved if the optimum spacing between the airfoils is used.
Discovery of a phosphatidylserine recognizing peptide and its utility in molecular imaging of tumor apoptosis (2008)

3723 The exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) molecules from the inner to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane has been recognized as a well-defined molecular epitope of cells undergoing apoptosis. Examination and monitoring of PS exposure is an extensively used molecular marker in noninvasive apoptosis imaging under a variety of clinical conditions, including the assessment of therapeutic anticancer agents and myocardial infarction. Herein, we report the identification of a PS-recognizing peptide which was identified by the screening of an M13 phage display peptide library. Repeated biopanning for a total of four rounds revealed a predominant enrichment of the phage clone displaying peptide sequence, named PSP-1 (46%). The identified phage clone showed increased binding to a number of apoptotic cells over non-apoptotic cells, and this binding was inhibited by both annexin V and synthesized peptide displayed on the phage. The binding of the fluorescein-labeled PSP-1 peptide to apoptotic vs. normal cells was assessed by both FACS analysis and fluorescence microscopy. Optical live animal imaging after the systemic administration of fluorescein-labeled PSP-1 peptide to tumor-bearing nude mice (H460 cells xenograft model) treated with a single dose of an anticancer drug (camptothecin) indicated enhanced peptide homing to the tumor. The histological examination of tumor tissues showed intense staining of the tumor vasculature and apoptotic tumor cells. With these results, the PSP-1 peptide is a novel PS-recognizing moiety which may possibly be developed into a molecular probe for the imaging of apoptosis in vivo including therapeutic assessment of cancer.
Automatic accuracy management of quantum programs via (near-)symbolic resource estimation. (2020)

When compiling programs for fault-tolerant quantum computers, approximation errors must be taken into account. We propose a methodology that tracks such errors automatically and solves the optimization problem of finding accuracy parameters that guarantee a specified overall accuracy while aiming to minimize a custom implementation cost. The core idea is to extract constraint and cost functions directly from the high-level description of the quantum program. Then, our custom compiler passes optimize these functions, turning them into (near-)symbolic expressions for (1) the total error and (2) the implementation cost (e.g., total gate count). All unspecified parameters of the quantum program will show up as variables in these expressions, including accuracy parameters. After solving the corresponding optimization problem, a circuit can be instantiated from the found solution. We develop two prototype implementations, one in C++ based on Clang/LLVM, and another using the Q# compiler infrastructure. We benchmark our prototypes on typical quantum computing programs, including the quantum Fourier transform, quantum phase estimation, and Shor's algorithm.