gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Lessons from the First Decade (2008)

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in intracellular protein turnover, and its function is crucial to cellular homeostasis. First synthesized as probes of proteolytic processes, proteasome inhibitors began to be thought of as potential drug candidates when they were found to induce programmed cell death preferentially in transformed cells. They made their first leap into the clinic to be tested as therapeutic agents 10 years ago, and since then, great strides have been made in defining their mechanisms of action, their clinical efficacy and toxicity, and some of their limitations in the form of resistance pathways. Validation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a target for cancer therapy has come in the form of approvals of the first such inhibitor, bortezomib, for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, for which this agent has become a standard of care. Lessons learned from this first-in-class agent are now being applied to the development of a new generation of proteasome inhibitors that hold the promise of efficacy in bortezomib-resistant disease and possibly in a broader spectrum of diseases. This saga provides a salient example of the promise of translational medicine and a paradigm by which other agents may be successfully brought from the bench to the bedside.
SELDI ProteinChip<sup>®</sup> Array Technology: Protein‐Based Predictive Medicine and Drug Discovery Applications (2003)

Predictive medicine, utilizing the ProteinChip(R) Array technology, will develop through the implementation of novel biomarkers and multimarker patterns for detecting disease, determining patient prognosis, monitoring drug effects such as efficacy or toxicity, and for defining treatment options. These biomarkers may also serve as novel protein drug candidates or protein drug targets. In addition, the technology can be used for discovering small molecule drugs or for defining their mode of action utilizing protein-based assays. In this review, we describe the following applications of the ProteinChip Array technology: (1) discovery and identification of novel inhibitors of HIV-1 replication, (2) serum and tissue proteome analysis for the discovery and development of novel multimarker clinical assays for prostate, breast, ovarian, and other cancers, and (3) biomarker and drug discovery applications for neurological disorders.
Using mobile LiDAR point clouds for traffic sign detection and sign visibility estimation (2015)

This paper presents a novel method for traffic sign detection and visibility evaluation from mobile Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds and the corresponding images. Our algorithm involves two steps. Firstly, a detection algorithm based on high retro-reflectivity of the traffic sign from the MLS point clouds is designed for sign detection in complicated road scenes. To solve the spatial features of traffic signs, we also create geo-referenced relations between traffic signs and roads according to the normal of ground. Secondly, we propose a visibility estimation method to evaluate the visibility level of the traffic sign based on a combination of visual appearance and spatial-related features. The proposed algorithm is validated on a set of transportation-related point-clouds acquired by a RIEGL VMX-450 LiDAR system. The experiment results demonstrate that the efficiency and reliability of the proposed algorithm in detection traffic signs are robust, and also prove the potential of using mobile LiDAR data for traffic sign visibility evaluation.
Real-time lane detection for autonomous navigation (2002)

A lane detection method based on a road model or feature needs correct acquisition of information on the lane in an image. It is inefficient to implement a lane detection algorithm through the full range of an image when it is applied to a real road in real time because of the calculating time. The paper defines two searching ranges for detecting a lane in a road. First is a search mode that searches the lane without any prior information of the road. Second is a recognition mode, which is able to reduce the size and change the position of a search range by predicting the position of a lane through the acquired information in a previous frame. It allows us to extract accurately and efficiently the edge candidate points of a lane without any unnecessary searching. By means of an inverse perspective transform that removes the perspective effect on the edge candidate points, we transform the edge candidate information in the image coordinate system into the plane-view image in the world coordinate system. We define a linear approximation filter and remove faulty edge candidate points by using it. The paper aims to approximate more correctly the lane of an actual road by applying the least-mean square method with the fault-removed edge information for curve fitting.
Tau Phosphorylation by cdk5 and Fyn in Response to Amyloid Peptide Aβ25–35: Involvement of Lipid Rafts (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of protein filaments, namely extracellular amyloid-beta (Abeta) fibrils and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which are composed of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau. Tau hyperphosphorylation is the product of deregulated Ser/Thr kinases such as cdk5 and GSK3beta. In addition, tau hyperphosphorylation also occurs at Tyr residues. To find a link between Abeta and tau phosphorylation, we investigated the effects of short-term Abeta treatments on SHSY-5Y cells. We analyzed phosphorylated tau variants in lipid rafts and the possible role of Tyr18 and Ser396/404 tau phosphorylation in Abeta-induced signaling cascades. After 2 min of Abeta treatment, phospho-Tyr18-tau and its association with rafts increased. Phospho-Ser 396/404-tau became detectable in rafts after 10 min treatment, which temporally correlated with the detection of cdk5 and p35 activator in lipid rafts. To determine the role of cdk5 in tau phosphorylation at Ser396/404 in lipid rafts, we pre-incubated cells with cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine, and observed that the Abeta-induced tau phosphorylation at Ser 396/404 in rafts was abolished as well as cdk5/p35 association with rafts. These data suggest a role for cdk5 in the Abeta-promoted early events involving tau hyperphosphorylation, and their possible implications for AD pathogenesis.
Neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid cytology in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis (1995)

The diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis is often difficult and usually requires the demonstration of malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. Neuroimaging, however, may establish or support the diagnosis in some patients. Radiographic abnormalities consistent with or suggestive of leptomeningeal metastasis include leptomeningeal, subependymal, dural, or cranial nerve enhancement; superficial cerebral lesions; and communicating hydrocephalus. We evaluated 137 cancer patients with clinical symptoms suspicious for leptomeningeal metastasis with neuroimaging or cerebrospinal fluid cytology or both. Neuroimaging findings were abnormal in 70 of 128 tested patients; cytology was performed in 58 of these 70 and the results were positive in 37. Conversely, cytological findings were positive in 53 of 115 tested patients; neuroimaging was performed in 49 of these 53 and the findings were abnormal in 37 (26/29 solid tumors and 11/20 hematological tumors). Of the total series of 137 patients, leptomeningeal metastasis was diagnosed in 77; in 24 (31%) the diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical picture and abnormal neuroimaging alone. Neuroimaging is a valuable tool in the investigation of leptomeningeal metastasis in the cancer population, and the presence of typical clinical features together with appropriate neuroimaging abnormalities is adequate to make the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis even if cerebrospinal fluid cytological results are negative.
La participación política de los estudiantes universitarios dentro y fuera de la Universidad (2007)

Existe un notable desconocimiento de las actitudes y los comportamientos politicos de los estudiantes universitarios espanoles. De ahi que suela hacerse a ellos extensivo el argumento de la supuesta crisis de participacion politica de los jovenes espanoles. Los datos que se exponen y analizan en este articulo indican, sin embargo, que los estudiantes universitarios tienden mas a participar en actividades politicas que otros jovenes de su misma edad, tanto ejerciendo su derecho al voto como interviniendo en actos de protesta. Ahora bien, los niveles de participacion de los universitarios son mas bajos dentro que fuera de la universidad, una diferencia que resulta especialmente marcada cuando se compara su participacion en elecciones a organos de representacion popular y en elecciones a organos universitarios.
Avoiding performance fluctuation in cloud storage (2010)

Cloud computing is an elastic computing model whereby users can lease computing and storage resources on demand from a remote infrastructure. Cloud computing is gaining popularity due to its low cost, high reliability and wide availability. However, a serious impediment to its wider deployment is the relative lack of effective data management services. The relatively slow access to persistent data and large variability in cloud storage I/O performance, can significantly degrade the performance of data-intensive applications. This paper addresses the problem of I/O performance fluctuation and proposes an automatic optimization schema for cloud storage called AOSC, which utilizes data chunking, placement, and replication to achieve more stable and predictable performance. Our experimental results based on Amazon Elastic Cloud Computing (EC2) data center show that AOSC can improve the stability and help provide better performance guarantees for cloud computing.
Multiplexing of communication ports on Unix terminals for packet radio networks (2003)

Packet radio computer networks seem to spread rapidly and widely into personal communications. In personal usage of packet radio, the cost of facilities is required not to be expensive. The TNC (terminal node controller), which applies the X.25 protocol to packet radio communications, is used widely in personal packet radio computer networks. The TNC has a multiconnect function which combines the multiplexing abilities implicitly involved in packet switching and radio communications. The authors describe a software program to multiplex a communication port (RS232-C) on Unix terminals into 10 logical channels. By using the program with a TNC, 10 radio communication channels can be obtained on a port.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Single or multicellular origin of human T lymphocyte colonies <i>in vitro</i>: modification by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). (1981)

The assumption that human T lymphocyte colonies have a unicellular origin has been directly tested with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 women heterozygous for the common X-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) gene (GdB) and the variant GdA. T cells were cultured in semisolid medium in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and T lymphocyte growth factor with or without preincubation in suspension culture with PHA (2-stage and 1-stage assays, respectively). The enzyme type of individual T cell colonies was then determined electrophoretically at the lowest colony density with adequate growth (usually less than 100 colonies/dish). In the 2-stage system, 90 of 97 tested colonies had equal amounts of A and B enzyme activities suggesting multicellular origin of the colonies. Similarly, in the single-stage system, 21 of 31 colonies had both A and B enzymes. Increasing the density of the soft agar did not influence the frequency of A/B colonies. However, when 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a promoter of T cell colony growth shown in other systems to inhibit metabolic cooperation, was added, a striking decrease in frequency of colonies with both G-6-PD types was found. In the 2-stage culture, 0 of 9 colonies had a double-enzyme type and in the single-stage system, the frequency of A/B colonies declined to 9 of 34 (p less than 0.025). The data suggest that despite the apparent multicellular origin of T cell colonies in cultures with TPA, most colonies do originate from single cells when cultured with TPA at low colony densities. Stimulation of cell growth or inhibition of metabolic cooperation between cells by TPA are possible explanations for these differences.
Dry Etching Using NF3/Ar and NF3/He Plasmas (1984)

Dry etching of silicon, silicon dioxide and photoresist has been studied using NF3 plasmas diluted with helium and argon in both reactive ion etch and plasma etch modes. NF3 concentrations in Ar and He ranged from 10 to 80% for these experiments. Power densities varied from 0.02 to 0.8W/cm2 and pressure from 15 to 500 μm depending on the etching mode selected. Etch rates increased with power density in both PE and RIE modes. Si etch rates as high as 14800Å/min. were obtained with an 80% NF3/Ar mixture at 0.8W/cm2 and 500 μm pressure. Oxide etch rates varied from 30 to 1500Å/min. depending on mode selected. Silicon over oxide selectivity tended to be higher for low power densities for all mixtures studied in either PE or RIE mode. Values obtained were ∼ 30 to 40 for low power densities (0.12 W/cm2) and ∼ 5 for the highest power density used. Selectivities were higher in PE than RIE mode. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of etched Si, SiO2, and photoresist coated samples indicated that the surface layer had become fluorinated. Photoresist etch rates of ∼ 500Å/min. were measured for positive photoresist etched in a 40% NF3/He plasma. Loading experiments indicated 10 and 13% decreases in Si and SiO2 etch rates respectively, as the area being etched doubled and, the uniformity of etch rate was approximately 7% over the entire batch.
Current perspectives in HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (2014)

The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to rise among core groups and efforts to reduce the numbers of new infections are being redoubled. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the use of short-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce the risk of acquisition of HIV infection following exposure. Current guidelines recommend a 28-day course of ART within 36-72 hours of exposure to HIV. As long as individuals continue to be exposed to HIV there will be a role for PEP in the foreseeable future. Nonoccupational PEP, the vast majority of which is for sexual exposure (PEPSE), has a significant role to play in HIV prevention efforts. Awareness of PEP and its availability for both clinicians and those who are eligible to receive it are crucial to ensure that PEP is used to its full potential in any HIV prevention strategy. In this review, we provide current evidence for the use of PEPSE, assessment of the risk of HIV transmission, indications for PEP, drug regimens, and management of patients started on PEP. We summarize national and international guidelines for the use of PEPSE. We explore the place of PEP within the wider strategy of reducing HIV incidence rates in the era of treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis. We also consider the implications of recent data from interventional and observational studies demonstrating significant reductions in the risk of HIV transmission within a serodiscordant relationship if the HIV-positive partner is taking effective ART upon PEP guidelines.
Porous silicon waveguide with integrated grating coupler for DNA sensing (2009)

A porous silicon waveguide with integrated grating coupler is demonstrated as a new platform for portable detection of chemical and biological molecules. The two-layer porous silicon waveguide is formed by electrochemical etching and a photoresist grating is fabricated directly on the waveguide core by means of electron beam lithography. Angle-resolved reflectance measurements reveal distinct peaks corresponding to the guided mode. A 0.420° reflectance shift was observed upon 16-base DNA hybridization, which was more than a factor of 5 larger than the observed reflectance shift after exposure to a mismatched DNA sequence.
Detecting Hazardously Misleading Information on Safety-Critical Displays (2019)

Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Graphic Processor Units (GPU) are widely used in cockpit display systems. However, COTS GPUs were not initially designed for safety-critical airborne applications and did not follow the RTCA DO-254 design process guidelines. Both FAA Position Paper CAST-29 and EASA Certification Memorandum CM-SWCEH-001 concerned the possibility of displaying hazardously misleading information due to using COTS GPUs. Furthermore, as the cell size of the DRAM memory used on the GPU board becomes much smaller, the impact of Single Event Upsets (SEU) and Multiple Bit Upsets (MBU) becomes more significant at flight altitudes. If a display system level Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA) cannot conclude that all required safety objectives have been achieved, architectural mitigation, such as an integrity monitoring system, should be implemented. This paper discussed the challenges and design goals for implementing a display monitoring system. A patent-pending object-based integrity verification method is reviewed. This integrity verification method utilizes a monochrome object ID code image to track each safety-critical graphic object on the display. It monitors the color, shape and position of each graphic object and verifies overlapping priorities between multiple graphic objects on the screen. Since this method can pinpoint a failed graphic object on the screen, it can provide a proper warning level and suggest necessary corrective actions to the pilot. This method can also prevent false, unnecessary and annoying alarms caused by failures of the monitoring system. This integrity verification method does not require a full-featured GPU and can be implemented in a FPGA to reduce certification efforts and development costs.
Efficient solar-driven electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to hydrocarbons and oxygenates (2017)

In a process analogous to natural photosynthesis, solar-driven reduction of carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon and oxygenate products is demonstrated with an overall efficiency exceeding 5%.
Semi-Supervised Sequence-to-Sequence ASR Using Unpaired Speech and Text (2019)

Sequence-to-sequence automatic speech recognition (ASR) models require large quantities of data to attain high performance. For this reason, there has been a recent surge in interest for unsupervised and semi-supervised training in such models. This work builds upon recent results showing notable improvements in semi-supervised training using cycle-consistency and related techniques. Such techniques derive training procedures and losses able to leverage unpaired speech and/or text data by combining ASR with Text-to-Speech (TTS) models. In particular, this work proposes a new semi-supervised loss combining an end-to-end differentiable ASR$\rightarrow$TTS loss with TTS$\rightarrow$ASR loss. The method is able to leverage both unpaired speech and text data to outperform recently proposed related techniques in terms of \%WER. We provide extensive results analyzing the impact of data quantity and speech and text modalities and show consistent gains across WSJ and Librispeech corpora. Our code is provided in ESPnet to reproduce the experiments.
Positive solutions of a nonlinear higher order boundary-value problem (2007)

The authors consider the higher order boundary-value problem $$displaylines{ u^{(n)}(t)= q(t)f(u(t)), quad 0 leq t leq 1, cr u^{(i-1)}(0) = u^{(n-2)}(p) = u^{(n-1)}(1)=0, quad 1 leq i leq n-2, }$$ where $nge 4$ is an integer, and $pin(1/2,1)$ is a constant. Sufficient conditions for the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of this problem are obtained. The main results are illustrated with an example.
A guided synthesizer for blendshape characters (2012)

We have designed an interactive editing system that will help users to create new characters based on a limited number of training characters. The user provides a desired preliminary shape of the new character. The output of our system will be a convex linear combination of the existed characters in a local sense while maintaining the proximity to the user desired shape as much as possible. This feature guarantees the creation process is guided by the information of artists' previous works. The system first finds the best set of training characters and blending weights that represents the user desired shape, then computes the result shape, which matches the obtained composition, using an edge-based integration.
A Novel Method for Isolation of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood (2017)

Very small embryonic-like cells (VSELs) are a population of very rare pluripotent stem cells isolated in adult murine bone marrow and many other tissues and organs, including umbilical cord blood (UCB). VSEL existence is still not universally accepted by the scientific community, so for this purpose, we sought to investigate whether presumptive VSELs (pVSELs) could be isolated from human UCB with an improved protocol based on the isolation of enriched progenitor cells by depletion of nonprogenitor cells with magnetic separation. Progenitor cells, likely including VSELs, cultured with retinoic acid were able to form dense colonies and cystic embryoid bodies and to differentiate toward the ecto-meso-endoderm lineages as shown by the positivity to specific markers. VSEL differentiative potential toward mesodermal lineage was further demonstrated in vitro upon exposure to an established inductive protocol, which induced the acquisition of renal progenitor cell phenotype. VSEL-derived renal progenitors showed regenerative potential in a cisplatin model of acute kidney injury by restoring renal function and tubular structure through induction of proliferation of endogenous renal cells. The data presented here foster the great debate that surrounds VSELs and, more in general, the existence of cells endowed with pluripotent features in adult tissues. In fact, the possibility to find and isolate subpopulations of cells that fully fit all the criteria utilized to define pluripotency remains, nowadays, almost unproven. Thus, efforts to better characterize the phenotype of these intriguing cells are crucial to understand their possible applications for regenerative and precision medicine purposes.
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks: design, structures and potential applications (2018)

This paper highlights the current key progress on HOF-based materials, including their design, structural characteristics, and applications.
AMORPHOUS ALUMINUM PHOSPHATES (1996)

Insoluble inorganic glasses are difficult to study as molecular structures. The science of soluble phosphate glasses is highly advanced and can serve as pilots for other systems. Anhydrous amorphous aluminum condensed phosphate and insoluble silicate glasses are examples of difficult systems.Anhydrous amorphous condensed phosphates in the molar composition range 0.0≤Al2O3/P2O5≤0.5 were prepared. Some physical properties were studied as a function of compositions and treatments. Amorphous aluminum condensed phosphates are ionic-covalent polymers as demonstrated in classical phosphate glass theory.