gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General characteristics of optimal feed rate profiles for various fed‐batch fermentation processes (1986)

General Characteristics of the optimal feed rate profiles have been deduced for various fed-batch fermentation processes by analyzing singular controls and singular arcs. The optimal control sequences depend on the shapes of the specific growth and product formation rates, mu andpi, and the initial conditions. For fed-batch processes described by four mass balance equations, the most general optimal control sequence consists of a period of maximum feed rate, a period of minimum feed rate (a batch period), a period of singular feed rate (variable and intermediate), and a batch period. Degenerate sequences in which one or more periods are missing can result with a particular set of initial conditions. If the fermentation time is not critical, the singular control maximizes the net yield of product and only when the time is also important, it balances a trade off between the yield of product and the specific growth rate which dictates the fermentation time. With the sequence of optimal control known, the optimal feed rate profile determination is reduced to a problem of determining switching times.
Defence mechanisms against vulnerabilities in network protocols and risk assessment of data packets (2006)

Heutzutage ist das Internet kein Privileg mehr fÃ¼r eine bestimmte Personengruppe. Die weite Verbreitung des Internets brachte viele Risiken wie auch Annehmlichkeiten. Probleme der Netzwerksicherheit sind der bekannte Verlust von Vertraulichkeit, IntegritÃ¤t und VerfÃ¼gbarkeit. Eine LÃ¶sungstechnologie ist ein Verteidigungssystem, das mit dem Netzwerk verbundene Ressourcen schÃ¼tzt, die Firewall. Je grÃ¶sser Netzwerkbedrohungen werden, umso wichtiger wird die Rolle der Firwall. Durch die weiterentwickelte Technologie werden die Angriffe immer bedrohlicher. Um vor neuen Angriffen zu schÃ¼tzen mÃ¼ssen, neue Verteidigungsmechanismen entwickelt werden. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit untersucht Verteidigungsmechanismen gegen Netzwerkangriffe, die Schwachstellen in Netzwerkprotokollen ausnutzen, und betrachtet Risikobewertung von Datenpaketen, um sie dann auf Netzwerksicherheitssysteme anzuwenden, im besonderen auf ein Firewallsystem, das Janus genannt wird. Der Anfang dieser Forschung basiert auf der MPhil Arbeit "An Intelligent Firewall Architecture Model to Detect Internet-Scale Virus Attacks". Mit dem Konzept einer intelligenten Firewall im Auge wurde an mÃ¶glichen Technologien geforscht, die auf Janus anwendbar sind. Ziel dieser Forschung ist es, die FÃ¤higkeiten einer paketfilternden Firewall auszubauen, um mÃ¶gliche Probleme und Angriffe durch verbesserte Firewalltechnologien zu reduzieren. Janus ist eine adaptive Firewalltechnologie, die auf einer paketfilternden Firewall basiert und die mit Protokollanomalieerkennung, Verifikation und E-Mail-Klassifikation ausgestattet ist. Weiterhin kann Janus Virenerkennung in Dateien, die einer E-Mail angehÃ¤ngt sind, durchfÃ¼hren, ohne dabei Virensignaturen zu verwenden. Der nichtsignaturbasierte Virenerkennungsansatz ist derzeit in der Lage, 84% von vireninfizierten Dateien in einer Stichprobe zu erkennen, die auch polymorphe und verschlÃ¼sselte Viren enthÃ¤lt. Die False Positives Rate liegt im Moment bei 30%. Die Kombination klassischer Virenerkennungsverfahren mit dieser SOM-basierten Technik fÃ¼r unbekannte Viren kann dazu beitragen, Systeme noch sicherer zu machen. Der Beitrag dieser Doktorarbeit ist es, verschiedene Verteidigungsmechanismen anzubieten und mit diesen das adaptive Firewallmodell weiterzuentwickeln.
Origin of Genes (1997)

We discuss two tests of the hypothesis that the first genes were assembled from exons. The hypothesis of exon shuffling in the progenote predicts that intron phases will be correlated so that exons will be an integer number of codons and predicts that the exons will be correlated with compact regions of polypeptide chain. These predictions have been tested on ancient conserved proteins (proteins without introns in prokaryotes but with introns in eukaryotes) and hold with high statistical significance. We conclude that introns are correlated with compact features of proteins 15-, 22-, or 30-amino acid residues long, as was predicted by "The Exon Theory of Genes."
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF HUMAN VISUAL PIGMENTS (1992)

INTRODUCTION 403 COLOR VISION ........ . ... . ...... ... . ...... 405 RED AND GREEN PIGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Psychophysics of Red/Green Color Blindness ... . .... . . , 406 Molecular Genetics of Red/Green Color Blindness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Variation in Normal Color Vision ..... . . 409 Blue Cone Monochromacy . 412 THE BLUE PIGMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Psychophysics of Tritanopia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Molecular Genetics of Tritanopia ..... . , 415 RHODOPSIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Inherited Defects in Rod Vision ...... . 416 Rhodopsin Mutations in Retinitis Pigmentosa . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 417 Biochemical Characteristics of Mutant Rhodopsins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 PERSPECTIVE . 420
Transtibial Versus Anteromedial Portal Drilling for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Study of Femoral Tunnel Length and Obliquity (2010)

Our findings provide insight into the potential risks and advantages of a transtibial versus an anteromedial femoral tunnel drilling technique in ACL reconstruction.
A new route for the synthesis of open-framework metal phosphates using organophosphates (2001)

Use of tributylphosphate, an organophosphate, as the phosphorus source in place of phosphoric acid, has enabled the synthesis of several new open-framework zinc(II) and cobalt(II) phosphates, under solvothermal conditions.
Lithiation Pathway Mechanism of Si-C Composite Anode Revealed by the Role of Nanopore using<i>In Situ</i>Lithiation (2022)

Lithiation kinetics of a Si-C composite anode for high-capacity lithium (Li)-ion batteries were investigated through in situ lithiation and electrochemical C–V measurements using a focused ion beam (FIB). Here, we found in the lithiation procedure that Li migrates sequentially into carbon (C), nanopores, and silicon (Si) in the Si-C composite. In the first lithiation step, Li was intercalated inside C particles while spreading over the surface of the C particles. The second lithiation process occurred through the filling of nanopores existing between electrode particles that consisted of the Si-C composite. The nanopores acted as a Li reservoir during the pore-filling process. Finally, the Si particles were lithiated with a volume expansion of ∼70%, corresponding to a 300% volume expansion of 25 wt % Si particles included in the composite anode. The nanopores did not accommodate a large volume expansion of Si particles, because pore-filling lithiation occurred before the Si lithiation in the charging process. We suggest a design rule related to the role of the nanopores of the Si-C composite anode in LIB systems.
Molecular Targets for Treating Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia (2007)

Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia as deficits are present in the majority of patients, frequently precede the onset of other positive symptoms, persist even with successful treatment of positive symptoms, and account for a significant portion of functional impairment in schizophrenia. While the atypical antipsychotics have produced incremental improvements in the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia, overall treatment remains inadequate. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in developing novel strategies for treating the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, focusing on ameliorating impairments in working memory, attention, and social cognition. Here we review various molecular targets that are actively being explored for potential drug discovery efforts in schizophrenia and cognition. These molecular targets include dopamine receptors in the prefrontal cortex, nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, the glutamatergic excitatory synapse, various serotonin receptors, and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system.
<i>Fas</i>Gene Mutations in the Canale–Smith Syndrome, an Inherited Lymphoproliferative Disorder Associated with Autoimmunity (1996)

Patients with the Canale-Smith syndrome have mutations in Fas, which implicates this gene in the accumulation of lymphocytes and the autoimmunity characteristic of the syndrome.
Nodal Expression and Detection in Cancer: Experience and Challenges (2012)

Nodal is a TGF-β-related embryonic morphogen that is expressed in multiple human cancers. Detection of Nodal expression in these tissues can be challenging if issues related to Nodal transcription and protein processing are not considered. Here, we discuss certain characteristics related to Nodal expression and function and how these can facilitate acquisition and interpretation of expression data, contributing to our understanding of the potential role of Nodal in human cancer. We also discuss how Nodal could be exploited clinically as a novel biomarker for cancer progression and therapeutic target.
WLC25-6: Greedy-Coordinated Scheduling with Resource-Sharing Constraints in Wireless Networks (2006)

In wireless networks where all users have different channel characteristics and service classes, it is challenging to design an adaptive scheduler to support quality of service (QoS). Some fraction of multiuser diversity gain, which offers significant capacity increase, should be sacrificed to meet certain QoS targets. We present an opportunistic scheduling scheme under resource-sharing constraints. The scheduler solves the weighted fairness by diverting a fraction of resources from surplus users to underserved users. Given the average received signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of users and resource-sharing constraints, the capacity of the proposed scheduler is analyzed over Rayleigh fading channels. Degree of weighted fairness for various scheduling schemes is also provided. Numerical results illustrate that while sacrificing a fraction of the achievable total capacity the proposed scheduler provides perfect weighted fairness.
The clinical effectiveness of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy in all 24 chromosomes (PGD-A): systematic review (2014)

Given the uncertain role of PGD-A techniques, high-quality experimental studies using intention-to-treat analysis and cumulative live birth rates including the comparative outcomes from remaining cryopreserved embryos are needed to evaluate the overall role of PGD-A in the clinical setting. It is only in this way that the true contribution of PGD-A to ART can be understood.
On-road Obstacle Detection by Comparing Present and Past In-vehicle Camera Images (2011)

We propose a method for detecting general obstacles on a road by subtracting present and past in-vehicle camera images. Compared to the existing learningbased methods that could detect only specific obstacles, the proposed method based on image-subtraction could detect any kind of obstacles. To achieve this, the proposed method first realizes a frame-by-frame correspondence between the present and the past in-vehicle camera image sequences, then performs a road surface registration between the corresponded frames. Obstacles are detected by using the difference of the road surface regions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were conducted using several image sequences captured by an actual in-vehicle camera. The experimental results showed that the proposed method could detect general obstacles accurately at a distance enough to safely avoid them. 1
DeepOPF: A Deep Neural Network Approach for Security-Constrained DC Optimal Power Flow (2019)

We develop DeepOPF as a Deep Neural Network (DNN) approach for solving security-constrained direct current optimal power flow (SC-DCOPF) problems, which are critical for reliable and cost-effective power system operation.DeepOPF is inspired by the observation that solving SC-DCOPF problems for a given power network is equivalent to depicting a high-dimensional mapping from the load inputs to the generation and phase angle outputs. We first train a DNN to learn the mapping and predict the generations from the load inputs. We then directly reconstruct the phase angles from the generations and loads by using the power flow equations. Such a predict-and-reconstruct approach reduces the dimension of the mapping to learn, subsequently cutting down the size of the DNN and the amount of training data needed. We further derive a condition for tuning the size of the DNN according to the desired approximation accuracy of the load-generation mapping. We develop a post-processing procedure based on $\ell_1$-projection to ensure the feasibility of the obtained solution, which can be of independent interest. Simulation results for IEEE test cases show that DeepOPF generates feasible solutions with less than 0.2% optimality loss, while speeding up the computation time by up to two orders of magnitude as compared to a state-of-the-art solver.
Evolution of storage facilities in AIX Version 3 for RISC System/6000 processors (1990)

The AIX* Version 3 storage facilities include features not found in other implementations of the UNIX <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">†</sup> operating system. Maximum virtual memory is more than 1000 terabytes and is used pervasively to access all files and the meta-data of the file systems. Each separate file system (subtree) of the file name hierarchy occupies a logical disk volume, composed of space from possibly several disks. Database memory (a variant of virtual memory) and other database techniques are used to manage file system meta-data. These features provide the capacity to address large applications and many users, simplified program access to file data, efficient file buffering in memory, flexible management of disk space, and reliable file systems with short restart times.
Deep convolutional neural networks for automated segmentation of brain metastases trained on clinical data (2020)

Using a dataset which properly captured the variation in imaging appearance observed in clinical practice, we were able to conclude that DCNNs reach clinically relevant performance for most lesions. Clinical applicability is currently limited by the size of the target lesion. Further studies should address if small targets are accurately represented in the test data.
Secure Collaboration in Engineering Systems Design (2017)

The goal in this paper is to enable collaboration in the codesign of engineering artifacts when participants are reluctant to share their design-related confidential and proprietary information with other codesigners, even though such information is needed to analyze and validate the overall design. We demonstrate the viability of codesign by multiple entities who view the parameters of their contributions to the joint design to be confidential. In addition to satisfying this confidentiality requirement, an online codesign process must result in a design that is of the same quality as if full sharing of information had taken place between the codesigners. We present online codesign protocols that satisfy both requirements and demonstrate their practicality using a simple example of codesign of an automotive suspension system and the tires. Our protocols do not use any cryptographic primitives—they only use the kinds of mathematical operations that are currently used in single-designer situations. The participants in the online design protocols include the codesigners, and a cloud server that facilitates the process while learning nothing about the participants' confidential information or about the characteristics of the codesigned system. The only assumption made about this cloud server is that it does not collude with some participants against other participants. We do not assume that the server does not, on its own, attempt to compute as much information as it can about the confidential inputs and outputs of the codesign process: It can make a transcript of the protocol and later attempt to infer all possible information from it, so it is a feature of our protocols the cloud server can infer nothing from such a transcript.
Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii subsp. nov., Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis comb. nov., Enterobacter roggenkampii sp. nov., and Enterobacter muelleri is a later heterotypic synonym of Enterobacter asburiae based on computational analysis of sequenced Enterobacter genomes. (2018)

<b>Background:</b> The predominant species in clinical <i>Enterobacter</i> isolates is <i>E. hormaechei</i>. Many articles, clinicians, and GenBank submissions misname these strains as <i>E. cloacae</i>. The lack of sequenced type strains or named species/subspecies for some clades in the <i>E. cloacae</i> complex complicate the issue. <b>Methods:</b> The genomes of the type strains for <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> subsp. <i>oharae</i>, <i>E</i>. <i>hormaechei</i> subsp. <i>steigerwaltii</i>, and <i>E. xiangfangensis</i>, and two strains from Hoffmann clusters III and IV of the <i>E. cloacae</i> complex were sequenced. These genomes, the <i>E</i>. <i>hormaechei</i> subsp. <i>hormaechei</i> type strain, and other available <i>Enterobacter</i> type strains were analysed in conjunction with all extant <i>Enterobacter</i> genomes in NCBI's RefSeq using Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). <b>Results:</b> There were five recognizable subspecies of <i>E. hormaechei</i>: <i>E. hormaechei</i> subsp. <i>hoffmannii</i> subsp. nov., <i>E. hormaechei</i> subsp. <i>xiangfangensis</i> comb. nov., and the three previously known subspecies. One of the strains sequenced from the <i>E. cloacae</i> complex was not a novel <i>E. hormaechei</i> subspecies but rather a member of a clade of a novel species: <i>E. roggenkampii</i> sp. nov.. <i>E. muelleri</i> was determined to be a later heterotypic synonym of <i>E. asburiae</i> which should take precedence. <b>Conclusion:</b> The phylogeny of the <i>Enterobacter</i> genus, particularly the <i>cloacae</i> complex, was re-evaluated based on the type strain genome sequences and all other available <i>Enterobacter</i> genomes in RefSeq.
1,3-Dimethyl Benzimidazolones Are Potent, Selective Inhibitors of the BRPF1 Bromodomain (2014)

The BRPF (bromodomain and PHD finger-containing) protein family are important scaffolding proteins for assembly of MYST histone acetyltransferase complexes. Here, we report the discovery, binding mode, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the first potent, selective series of inhibitors of the BRPF1 bromodomain.
Enterprise LST Algorithm Development and Its Evaluation with NOAA 20 Data (2019)

Satellite land surface temperatures (LSTs) have been routinely produced for decades from a variety of polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites, which makes it possible to generate LST climate data globally. However, consistency of the satellite LSTs from different satellite missions is a concern for such purpose; an enterprise satellite LST algorithm is desired for the LST production through different satellite missions, or at the least, through series satellites of a satellite mission. The enterprise LST algorithm employs the split window technique and uses the emissivity explicitly in its formula. This research focuses on the enterprise LST algorithm design, development and its evaluations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) 20 (N20) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data available since 5 January 2018. In this study, the enterprise LST algorithm was evaluated using simulation dataset consisting of over 2000 profiles from SeeBor collection and the results show a bias of 0.19 K and 0.34 K and standard deviation of 0.48 K and 0.69 K for nighttime and daytime, respectively. The in situ observations from seven NOAA Surface Radiation budget (SURFRAD) sites and two Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) sites were used for LST validation. The results indicate a bias of −0.3 K and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.06 K for SURFRAD stations and a bias of 0.2 K and a RMSE of ~2 K for BSRN sites. Further, the cross-satellite analysis presents a bias of 0.7 K and an RMSE of 1.9 K for comparisons with AQUA MODIS LST (MYD11_L2, Collection 6). The enterprise N20 VIIRS LST product reached the provisional maturity in February 2019 and is ready for users to use in their applications.
Identification and Characterization of mRnas Regulated by Nerve Growth Factor in PC12 Cells (1987)

Differential screening of cDNA libraries was used to detect and prepare probes for mRNAs that are regulated in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells by long-term (2-week) treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF). In response to NGF, PC12 cells change from a chromaffin cell-like to a sympathetic-neuron-like phenotype. Thus, one aim of this study was to identify NGF-regulated mRNAs that may be associated with the attainment of neuronal properties. Eight NGF-regulated mRNAs are described. Five of these increase 3- to 10-fold and three decrease 2- to 10-fold after long-term NGF exposure. Each mRNA was characterized with respect to the time course of the NGF response, regulation by agents other than NGF, and rat tissue distribution. Partial sequences of the cDNAs were used to search for homologies to known sequences. Homology analysis revealed that one mRNA (increased 10-fold) encodes the peptide thymosin beta 4 and a second mRNA (decreased 2-fold) encodes tyrosine hydroxylase. Another of the increased mRNAs was very abundant in sympathetic ganglia, barely detectable in brain and adrenals, and undetectable in all other tissues surveyed. One of the decreased mRNAs, by contrast, was very abundant in the adrenals and nearly absent in the sympathetic ganglia. With the exception of fibroblast growth factor, which is the only other agent known to mimic the differentiating effects of NGF on PC12 cells, none of the treatments tested (epidermal growth factor, insulin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, dexamethasone, phorbol ester, and depolarization) reproduced the regulation observed with NGF. These and additional findings suggest that the NGF-regulated mRNAs may play roles in the establishment of the neuronal phenotype and that the probes described here will be useful to study the mechanism of action of NGF and the development and differentiation of neurons.
New oxidative systems for alcohols: molecular sieves with chromium(VI) reagents (1982)

The oxidation of various kinds of alcohols, including carbohydrates and nucleosides, by molecular sieve–pyridinium chlorochromate and molecular sieve–pyridinium dichromate has been investigated. The catalytic properties of molecular sieves have been investigated using kinetic, stereochemical, and isotope-labelling experiments. It is postulated that specific sites on the sieves favour hydride-ion transfer.