gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency-domain interferometric second-harmonic spectroscopy (1999)

We report a new spectroscopic technique to measure simultaneously the intensity and the phase of second-harmonic (SH) radiation over a broad spectral range without laser tuning. Temporally separated SH pulses from two sources, excited by the same broad-bandwidth 15-fs Ti:sapphire fundamental pulse, interfere in a spectrometer to yield frequency-domain interference fringes. We demonstrate the technique by measuring the strongly bias-dependent phase of SH radiation from a Si/SiO(2)/Cr metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor in the spectral range of the SiE(1) critical point.
Blind channel estimation based on speech correlation structure (2002)

Cepstral mean normalization is the standard technique for channel robustness. Despite its good performance, the effectiveness of cepstral mean normalization (CMN) for short sentences is argued. CMN underlying hypothesis that the speech cepstral mean is constant is not valid for short processing windows. This implies the removal of some phonetic information. In this paper we show that the speech correlation structure may be used to estimate the communication channel and we propose an efficient algorithm to compute this estimate. We argue that the resulting channel estimate is more accurate because the underlying hypothesis is better verified than the original CMN hypothesis. Results for the Kai-Fu Lee phone recognition task on NTIMIT, with acoustic models trained on TIMIT (mismatch conditions), show that our method provides an 8% relative error rate reduction as compared to CMN.
Immune Evasion of <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> Involves Ubiquitous Surface Protein A-Dependent C3d Binding (2011)

The complement system plays an important role in eliminating invading pathogens. Activation of complement results in C3b deposition (opsonization), phagocytosis, anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) release, and consequently cell lysis. Moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory pathogen commonly found in children with otitis media and in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The species has evolved multiple complement evasion strategies, which among others involves the ubiquitous surface protein (Usp) family consisting of UspA1, A2, and A2 hybrid. In the present study, we found that the ability of M. catarrhalis to bind C3 correlated with UspA expression and that C3 binding contributed to serum resistance in a large number of clinical isolates. Recombinantly expressed UspA1 and A2 inhibit both the alternative and classical pathways, C3b deposition, and C3a generation when bound to the C3 molecule. We also revealed that the M. catarrhalis UspA-binding domain on C3b was located to C3d and that the major bacterial C3d-binding domains were within UspA1(299-452) and UspA2(165-318). The interaction with C3 was not species specific since UspA-expressing M. catarrhalis also bound mouse C3 that resulted in inhibition of the alternative pathway of mouse complement. Taken together, the binding of C3 to UspAs is an efficient strategy of Moraxella to block the activation of complement and to inhibit C3a-mediated inflammation.
Reaction of Zinc Acetate with Wool Carboxyl Groups Derived from Cyclic Acid Anhydrides (1972)

Modification of wool by cyclic acid anhydrides such as succinic or citraconic anhydride introduces new carhoxyl groups. Subsequent reaction of the modified wool with zinc or cadmium acetate in hot dimethylformamide further increases fabric weight by over 15% and retards felting shrinkage. Under similar conditions, neither zinc chloride nor calcium acetate is effective. A possible explanation of these effects is offered.
Virus‐Templated Plasmonic Nanoclusters with Icosahedral Symmetry via Directed Self‐Assembly (2014)

The assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles with precise spatial and orientational order may lead to structures with new electromagnetic properties at optical frequencies. The directed self-assembly method presented controls the interparticle-spacing and symmetry of the resulting nanometer-sized elements in solution. The self-assembly of three-dimensional (3D), icosahedral plasmonic nanosclusters (NCs) with resonances at visible wavelengths is demonstrated experimentally. The ideal NCs consist of twelve gold (Au) nanospheres (NSs) attached to thiol groups at predefined locations on the surface of a genetically engineered cowpea mosaic virus with icosahedral symmetry. In situ dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements confirm the NSs assembly on the virus. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) demonstrate the ability of the self-assembly method to control the nanoscopic symmetry of the bound NSs, which reflects the icosahedral symmetry of the virus. Both, TEM and DLS show that the NCs comprise of a distribution of capsids mostly covered (i.e., 6-12 NS/capsid) with NSs. 3D finite-element simulations of aqueous suspensions of NCs reproduce the experimental bulk absorbance measurements and major features of the spectra. Simulations results show that the fully assembled NCs give rise to a 10-fold surface-averaged enhancement of the local electromagnetic field.
Standard Electrochemical Behavior of High-Quality, Boron-Doped Polycrystalline Diamond Thin-Film Electrodes (2000)

Standard electrochemical data for high-quality, boron-doped diamond thin-film electrodes are presented. Films from two different sources were compared (NRL and USU) and both were highly conductive, hydrogen-terminated, and polycrystalline. The films are acid washed and hydrogen plasma treated prior to use to remove nondiamond carbon impurity phases and to hydrogen terminate the surface. The boron-doping level of the NRL film was estimated to be in the mid 1019 B/cm3 range, and the boron-doping level of the USU films was approximately 5 x 10(20) B/cm(-3) based on boron nuclear reaction analysis. The electrochemical response was evaluated using Fe-(CN)6(3-/4-), Ru(NH3)6(3+/2+), IrCl6(2-/3-), methyl viologen, dopamine, ascorbic acid, Fe(3+/2+), and chlorpromazine. Comparisons are made between the apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants, k0(app), observed at these high-quality diamond films and the rate constants reported in the literature for freshly activated glassy carbon. Ru(NH3)6(3+/2+), IrCl6(2-/3-), methyl viologen, and chlorpromazine all involve electron transfer that is insensitive to the diamond surface microstructure and chemistry with k0(app) in the 10(-2)-10(-1) cm/s range. The rate constants are mainly influenced by the electronic properites of the films. Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) undergoes electron transfer that is extremely sensitive to the surface chemistry with k0(app) in the range of 10(-2)-10(-1) cm/s at the hydrogen-terminated surface. An oxygen surface termination severely inhibits the rate of electron transfer. Fe(3+/2+) undergoes slow electron transfer at the hydrogen-terminated surface with k0(app) near 10(-5) cm/s. The rate of electron transfer at sp2 carbon electrodes is known to be mediated by surface carbonyl functionalities; however, this inner-sphere, catalytic pathway is absent on diamond due to the hydrogen termination. Dopamine, like other catechol and catecholamines, undergoes sluggish electron transfer with k0(app) between 10(-4) and 10(-5) cm/s. Converting the surface to an oxygen termination has little effect on k0(app). The slow kinetics may be related to weak adsorption of these analytes on the diamond surface. Ascorbic acid oxidation is very sensitive to the surface termination with the most negative Ep(ox) observed at the hydrogen-terminated surface. An oxygen surface termination shifts Ep(ox) positive by some 250 mV or more. An interfacial energy diagram is proposed to explain the electron transfer whereby the midgap density of states results primarily from the boron doping level and the lattice hydrogen. The films were additionally characterized by scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman imaging spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetric and kinetic data presented can serve as a benchmark for research groups evaluating the electrochemical properties of semimetallic (i.e., conductive), hydrogen-terminated, polycrystalline diamond.
An Associativity-Agnostic in-Cache Computing Architecture Optimized for Multiplication (2019)

With the spread of cloud services and Internet of Things concept, there is a popularization of machine learning and artificial intelligence based analytics in our everyday life. However, an efficient deployment of these data-intensive services requires performing computations closer to the edge. In this context, in-cache computing, based on bitline computing, is promising to execute data-intensive algorithms in an energy efficient way by mitigating data movement in the cache hierarchy and exploiting data parallelism. Nevertheless, previous in-cache computing architectures contain serious circuit-level deficiencies (i.e., low bitcell density, data corruption risks, and limited performance), thus report high multiplication latency, which is a key operation for machine learning and deep learning. Moreover, no previous work addresses the issue of way misalignment, strongly constraining data placement not to reduce performance gains. In this work we drastically improve the previously proposed BLADE architecture for in-cache computing to efficiently support multiplication operations by enhancing the local bitline circuitry, enabling associativity-agnostic operations as well as in-place shifting inside local bitline groups. We implemented and simulated the proposed architecture in CMOS 28nm bulk technology from TSMC, validating its functionality and extracting its performance, area, and energy per operation. Then, we designed a behavioral model of the proposed architecture to assess its performance with respect to the latest BLADE architecture. We show a 17.5 and 22% area and energy reduction thanks to the proposed LG optimization. Finally, for 16bits multiplication, we demonstrate 44% cycle count, 47% energy and 41% performances gain versus BLADE and show that 4 embedded shifts is the best trade-off between energy, area and performances.
Serum bactericidal responses to <i>Streptococcus equi</i> of horses following infection or vaccination (1985)

An indirect test based on horse blood was used to study bactericidal responses of the horse to Streptococcus equi following infection or vaccination. Bactericidal antibody appeared in convalescent sera between two and four weeks and high titres were usually attained by eight weeks. Infection without clinical evidence of abscessation was also effective in eliciting strong bactericidal responses. Serum bactericidal activity of horses either recovered from strangles or immunised with commercial bacterin had declined eight months after vaccination. However, horses that developed strangles eight to 10 months after vaccination exhibited rapid and substantial increases in serum bactericidal activity. Groups of yearlings immunised with commercial S equi vaccines consisting either of M protein or bacterin developed clinical strangles within six months of vaccination although the majority of the animals had exhibited strong serum bactericidal activity a few weeks before occurrence of the disease. Similarly, a group of seven yearling ponies hyperimmunised with experimental vaccine, rich in M protein, were found to be highly susceptible to an intranasal challenge of 5 X 10(8) colony forming units of S equi, although their sera exhibited strong bactericidal activity at the time of challenge. These observations suggest that the role of serum bactericidal antibody in protection of the horse against strangles has been overrated.
Designing Static Fields for Unilateral Magnetic Resonance by a Scalar Potential Approach (2007)

We present a method for designing single-sided magnets suitable for unilateral magnetic resonance (UMR) measurements. The method uses metal pole pieces to shape the field from permanent magnets in a target region. The pole pieces are shaped according to solutions to Laplace's equation, and can be designed using a combination of analytical methods and numerical optimization. The design leads to analytical expressions for the pole piece shapes and magnetic field. Here, we develop the method in Cartesian, polar, and spherical coordinates, and discuss the merits of each system. Finite magnet size has a substantial effect on the field quality in many cases, according to our simulations. We found that in order to achieve a compact magnet in which the static field closely matches that specified, a full 3-D design approach is necessary. A magnet designed by our method produces a static field with a constant gradient over a region 2 cm in diameter and 2 mm thick. This leads to a compact cylindrical magnet just over 11 cm in diameter, topped with a single metal pole piece. The design is validated through simulation. The simulated field is found to agree closely with that specified analytically through the design procedure
An efficient frequency domain algorithm for face recognition based on two-dimensional principal component analysis (2005)

Abstract:- In this contribution, a fast Frequency Domain Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (FD2DPCA) algorithm is proposed for facial recognition. The algorithm has attractive properties with respect to computational complexity and storage requirements. The experimental results obtained by applying the new algorithm to the ORL and Yale databases, confirmed the significant reduction in the storage and computational requirements while retaining the excellent recognition accuracy of the spatial domain 2DPCA.
Amorphous silicon germanium film and photovoltaic device; Hishoshitsu shirikon gerumaniumu maku oyobi korewo mochiiita kokidenryoku sochi (1995)

In amorphous semiconductor materials, doping of germanium, nitrogen or carbon into a-Si film changes optical band gap width, but the doping of these elements causes weakness of deterioration of the film quality. This invention presents a-SiGe film in which amounts of bonded hydrogen of SiH2 mode and of SiH mode per unit silicon atom and an amount of bonded hydrogen per unit silicon atom are maintained in respective definite ranges and achieves very small defect density in the film. The amount of bonded hydrogen in the film per unit silicon atom in the film is in a range of about 8 to 14 at%, the amount of [SiH2]/[Si] is in a range of about 0.5 to 4 at% and the amount of [SiH2]/[Si] is in a range of about 7 to 10 at%. The amount of [SiH2]/[Si] and the amount of [SiH]/[Si] are preferred to be in an increasing range against the amount of the bonded hydrogen. 7 figs., 2 tabs.
A new multifunction acousto-optic signal processor (1984)

An acousto-optic architecture for simultaneously obtaining time integration correlation and high-speed power spectrum analysis was constructed using commercially available TeO2 modulators and photodiode detector-arrays. The correlator section of the processor uses coherent interferometry to attain maximum bandwidth and dynamic range while achieving a time-bandwidth product of 1 million. Two correllator outputs are achieved in this system configuration. One is optically filtered and magnified 2 : 1 to decrease the spatial frequency to a level where a 25-MHz bandwidth may be sampled by a 62-mm array with elements on 25-micro centers. The other output is magnified by a factor of 10 such that the center 4 microseconds of information is available for estimation of time-difference-of-arrival to within 10 ns. The Bragg cell spectrum-analyzer section, which also has two outputs, resolves a 25-MHz instantaneous bandwidth to 25 kHz and can determine discrete-frequency reception time to within 15 microseconds. A microprocessor combines spectrum analysis information with that obtained from the correlator.
Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms at the D16S260, D16S261, D16S265, D16S266, and D16S267 loci (1990)

Journal Article Dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms at the D16S260, D16S261, D16S265, D16S266, and D16S267 loci Get access James L. Weber, James L. Weber * Marshfield Medical Research Foundation1000 N. Oak, Marshfield, Wl 54449, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anne E. Kwitek, Anne E. Kwitek Marshfield Medical Research Foundation1000 N. Oak, Marshfield, Wl 54449, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paula E. May Paula E. May Marshfield Medical Research Foundation1000 N. Oak, Marshfield, Wl 54449, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 13, 11 July 1990, Page 4034, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.13.4034 Published: 11 July 1990
Clay Typing from Downhole Array Electromagnetic Measurements (2020)

The amount and type of clays in reservoirs have a significant impact on formation evaluation and reservoir performance studies. Currently, clay typing requires either reservoir cores for laboratory analysis or advanced logs such as elemental spectral mineralogy logs, both are available in only a small fraction of wells drilled. In this study, we will explore a possibility of using commonly measured logs to estimate clay volumes. Specifically, the logs used for the study are formation resistivity (RT), total porosity (PHIT) and gamma ray (GR). Since there are no known relationships relating these logs with clay volume, machine learning has been used for data analysis and parameter prediction. This is followed by exploring the possibilities of using array induction resistivity measurements to classify clay types downhole. An important property of clay minerals is their ability to adsorb ions on their exposed surface, which is measured by its cation exchange capacity (CEC). We have developed a method of using induction resistivity data to extract CEC downhole and displayed as depth profiles. There are four major types of clays commonly encountered in the oil fields: Kaolinite, Chlorite, Illite, and Smectite, with their CEC values ranging from low to high. Since each type of clay has its own CEC value, thus a synthetic CEC depth profile for any clay can be constructed if its volume fraction is known. On the other hand, CEC derived from the downhole resistivity data represents the combined effects of all the clay types presented in the formation being surveyed. By comparing the resistivity-based CEC profile with the synthetic ones, it is possible to define a volume fraction for each clay type, for the purpose of clay typing. On the other hand, based on a previous developed method, total CEC representing the combined effects of all clays can be extracted from induction resistivity logs. By comparing the resistivity-based measured total CEC with the synthetic type curves, clay typing from downhole induction resistivity measurement is achieved. A workflow is developed for the application. The proposed methodology was tested on the logs from six wells. The results indicated that RT, PHIT and GR logs have strong correlations with clay volume and the model trained with these logs could be used to predict clay volumes for blind datasets. The workflow for clay typing was tested on the logs from two wells with positive results.
Inhibitory strains of Bacillus subtilis for growth and aflatoxin-production of aflatoxigenic fungi. (1988)

We isolated a bacterial strain, NK-330, from Japanese soil which inhibited the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 on a PDA plate. Later, we isolated an inhibitory strain, NK-C3, as a contaminant. Both strains inhibited not only the growth of A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 but also that of A. flavus NRRL 3357. These strains were gram-positive rods, and were identified as Bacillus subtilis. They inhibited the growth and aflatoxin-production of NRRL 2999 or NRRL 3357 in peanuts or corn. Moreover, cultures of these strains markedly inhibited the growth of NRRL 2999 or NRRL 3357, and also inhibited the aflatoxin-production completely.
Enhanced MVDR Beamforming for Arrays of Directional Microphones (2007)

Microphone arrays based on the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer are among the most popular for speech enhancement applications. The original MVDR is excessively sensitive to source location and microphone gains. Previous research has made MVDR practical by successfully increasing the robustness of MVDR to source location, and MVDR-based microphone arrays are already commercially available. Nevertheless, MVDR performance is still weak in cases where microphone gain variations are too large, e.g., for circular arrays of directional microphones. In this paper we propose an improved MVDR beamformer which takes into account the effect of sensors (e.g. microphones) with arbitrary, potentially directional responses. Specifically, we form estimates of the relative magnitude responses of the sensors based on the data received at the array and include those in the original formulation of the MVDR beamforming problem. Experimental results on real-world audio data show an average 2.4 dB improvement over conventional MVDR beamforming, which does not account for the magnitude responses of the sensors.
Neutralization of Human Cytomegalovirus by Human CD13-Specific Antibodies (1996)

The mechanisms of inhibition of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection by human CD13 (aminopeptidase N)-specific antibodies were studied. These antibodies protect CD13-negative and -positive cells from CMV infection only if incubated with the virus inoculum, suggesting they bind to CMV virions. The association of a CD13-like molecule with virions was further supported by the transfer of CD13 immunoreactivity to the surface of CD13-negative cells upon binding of CMV; the binding of CD13-specific antibodies directly to the surface of CMV virions; and the presence of anti-CD13 immunoreactive bands, including one with mobility similar to that of native cellular CD13 on immunoblots of proteins of purified CMV particles. Importantly, CD13-specific antibodies neutralize CMV in urine of neonates with congenital CMV, indicating that the CD13-like molecule is associated with natural CMV and not acquired in vitro. These studies demonstrate that a CD13-like molecule is associated with CMV particles and may be important in CMV pathogenesis.
Phase Contrast X‐Ray Tomographic Microscopy for Biological and Materials Science Applications (2010)

Abstract The application of two approaches for high‐throughput, high‐resolution X‐ray phase contrast tomographic imaging being used at the tomographic microscopy and coherent radiology experiments (TOMCAT) beamline of the SLS is discussed and illustrated. Differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging, using a grating interferometer and a phase‐stepping technique, is integrated into the beamline environment at TOMCAT in terms of the fast acquisition and reconstruction of data and the availability to scan samples within an aqueous environment. A second phase contrast method is a modified transfer of intensity approach that can yield the 3D distribution of the decrement of the refractive index of a weakly absorbing object from a single tomographic dataset. The two methods are complementary to one another: the DPC method is characterised by a higher sensitivity and by moderate resolution with larger samples; the modified transfer of intensity approach is particularly suited for small specimens when high resolution (around 1 µm) is required. Both are being applied to investigations in the biological and materials science fields.
Time Delay Estimation in the Presence or Correlated Noise and Reverberation (2003)

We propose a new two-stage framework for time delay estimation in the presence of correlated noise and reverberation. The new framework allows us to develop a set of new approaches as well as to unify existing ones. We further develop the maximum likelihood estimation when reverberation is present. The corresponding weighting function is a more accurate form of the weighting function proposed in [10], one of the best existing techniques. We compare our new algorithms with the existing ones and report superior performance.