gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intensity modulated proton therapy treatment planning using single‐field optimization: The impact of monitor unit constraints on plan quality (2010)

Constraints on deliverable MU for each spot could create a significant distortion from the ideally optimized dose distributions for IMPT fields using SFO. To eliminate this problem, the treatment planning system should incorporate the MU constraints in the optimization process and the delivery system should reliably delivery smaller minimum MUs.
Role of JNK in Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer (2011)

cJun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling has been implicated in the developmental morphogenesis of epithelial organs. In this study, we employed a compound deletion of the murine Jnk1 and Jnk2 genes in the mammary gland to evaluate the requirement for these ubiquitously expressed genes in breast development and tumorigenesis. JNK1/2 was not required for breast epithelial cell proliferation or motility. However, JNK1/2 deficiency caused increased branching morphogenesis and defects in the clearance of lumenal epithelial cells. In the setting of breast cancer development, JNK1/2 deficiency significantly increased tumor formation. Together, these findings established that JNK signaling is required for normal mammary gland development and that it has a suppressive role in mammary tumorigenesis.
First performance results of a new field‐widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer for geocoronal H<sub>α</sub> research (2016)

Abstract A new, high‐resolution field‐widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer (FW‐SHS) designed to observe geocoronal Balmer α (H α , 6563 Å) emission was installed at Pine Bluff Observatory (PBO) near Madison, Wisconsin. FW‐SHS observations were compared with an already well‐characterized dual‐etalon Fabry‐Perot Interferometer (PBO FPI) optimized for H α , also at PBO. The FW‐SHS is a robust Fourier transform instrument that combines a large throughput advantage with high spectral resolution and a relatively long spectral baseline (~10 times that of the PBO FPI) in a compact, versatile instrument with no moving parts. Coincident H α observations by FW‐SHS and PBO FPI were obtained over similar integration times, resolving powers (~67,000 and 80,000 at H α ) and fields of view (1.8° and 1.4°, respectively). First light FW‐SHS observations of H α intensity and temperature (Doppler width) versus viewing geometry (shadow altitude) show excellent relative agreement with the geocoronal observations previously obtained at PBO by FPI. The FW‐SHS has a 640 km/s (14 Å) spectral band pass and is capable of determining geocoronal H α Doppler shifts on the order of 100 m/s with a temporal resolution on the order of minutes. These characteristics make the FW‐SHS well suited for spectroscopic studies of relatively faint (~12–2 R), diffuse‐source geocoronal H α emission from Earth's upper thermosphere and exosphere and the interstellar medium in our Galaxy. Current and future FW‐SHS observations extend long‐term geocoronal hydrogen observation data sets already spanning three solar minima. This paper describes the FW‐SHS first light performance and H α observational results collected from observing nights across 2013 and 2014.
Dioxygen‐Mediated Decarbonylative CH Alkylation of Heteroaromatic Bases with Aldehydes (2015)

An operationally simple and economical method for the direct alkylation of heteroaromatic bases employing readily available aldehydes as alkyl radical precursors and molecular oxygen as a reagent is presented. This simple transformation demonstrates a broad substrate scope with respect to aldehydes and nitrogen heterocycles, enabling the introduction of several medicinally important yet challenging alkyl moieties, such as ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, and cyclohexyl to the different classes of heterocyclic bases in good to excellent yields.
Human recombinant RNASET2: A potential anti-cancer drug (2016)

The roles of cell motility and angiogenetic processes in metastatic spread and tumor aggressiveness are well established and must be simultaneously targeted to maximize antitumor drug potency. This work evaluated the antitumorigenic capacities of human recombinant RNASET2 (hrRNASET2), a homologue of the Aspergillus niger T2RNase ACTIBIND, which has been shown to display both antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activities. hrRNASET2 disrupted intracellular actin filament and actin-rich extracellular extrusion organization in both CT29 colon cancer and A375SM melanoma cells and induced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of A375SM cell migration. hrRNASET2 also induced full arrest of angiogenin-induced tube formation and brought to a three-fold lower relative HT29 colorectal and A375SM melanoma tumor volume, when compared to Avastin-treated animals. In parallel, mean blood vessel counts were 36.9% lower in hrRNASET2-vs. Avastin-treated mice and survival rates of hrRNASET2-treated mice were 50% at 73 days post-treatment, while the median survival time for untreated animals was 22 days. Moreover, a 60-day hrRNASET2 treatment period reduced mean A375SM lung metastasis foci counts by three-fold when compared to untreated animals. Taken together, the combined antiangiogenic and antitumorigenic capacities of hrRNASET2, seemingly arising from its direct interaction with intercellular and extracellular matrices, render it an attractive anticancer therapy candidate.
The Bifunctional μ Opioid Agonist/Antioxidant [Dmt<sup>1</sup>]DALDA Is a Superior Analgesic in an Animal Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome-Type I. (2015)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of complex regional pain syndrome-Type I (CRPS-I), as also demonstrated with the chronic post ischemia pain (CPIP) animal model of CRPS-I. We show that morphine and the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) act synergistically to reduce mechanical allodynia in CPIP rats. The tetrapeptide amide [Dmt(1)]DALDA (H-Dmt-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2) is a potent and selective μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonist with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and with antioxidant activity due to its N-terminal Dmt (2',6'-dimethyltyrosine) residue. In the CPIP model, [Dmt(1)]DALDA was 15-fold more potent than morphine in reversing mechanical allodynia and 4.5-fold more potent as analgesic in the heat algesia test. The results indicate that bifunctional compounds with MOR agonist/antioxidant activity have therapeutic potential for the treatment of CRPS-I.
Pharmacological Management of Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2015)

Weight loss is a pathway to health improvement for patients with obesity-associated risk factors and comorbidities. Medications approved for chronic weight management can be useful adjuncts to lifestyle change for patients who have been unsuccessful with diet and exercise alone. Many medications commonly prescribed for diabetes, depression, and other chronic diseases have weight effects, either to promote weight gain or produce weight loss. Knowledgeable prescribing of medications, choosing whenever possible those with favorable weight profiles, can aid in the prevention and management of obesity and thus improve health.
<i>50th Anniversary Perspective</i>: Polymers with Complex Architectures (2017)

The scope of this Perspective is to highlight innovative contributions in the synthesis of well-defined complex macromolecular architectures and to emphasize the importance of these materials to polymer physical chemistry, physics, theory, and applications. In addition, this Perspective tries to enlighten the past and show possible pathways for the future. Among the plethora of polymerization methods, we briefly report the impact of the truly living and controlled/living polymerization techniques focusing mainly on anionic polymerization, the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations. Through anionic polymerization well-defined model polymers with complex macromolecular architectures having the highest molecular weight, structural and compositional homogeneity can be achieved. The synthesized structures include star, comb/graft, cyclic, branched and hyberbranched, dendritic, and multiblock multicomponent polymers. In our opinion, in addition to the work needed on the synthesis, properties, and application of copolymers with more than three chemically different blocks and complex architecture, the polymer chemists in the future should follow closer the approaches Nature, the perfect chemist, uses to make functional complex macromolecular structures by noncovalent chemistry. Moreover, development of new analytical methods for the characterization/purification of polymers with complex macromolecular architectures is essential for the synthesis and properties study of this family of polymeric materials.
Factors related to axial length elongation and myopia progression in orthokeratology practice (2017)

The baseline factors demonstrating the greatest correlation with reduced axial length elongation during OK lens wear in myopic children included greater baseline spherical equivalent myopic refractive error and older age at the onset of OK lens wear.
Las acciones comunitarias en materia de formación profesional para los jóvenes (1998)

The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of infections in 200 SLE outpatients. All outpatients with active or inactive SLE without infections in the previous month were included. They were assessed every 3 months. Major infections were those requiring hospitalization and parental antibiotic therapy; minor infections required oral or topical therapy. Sociodemographic, disease activity using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), therapy and laboratory variables were evaluated. After a follow-up of 22+/-7 months, 65 (32%) patients had infections; 35% of those were major. The most common sites for infection were urinary (26%), skin (23%), systemic (12%), and vaginal (9%). At infection onset, 50 of 65 patients (77%) had disease activity, with a mean SLEDAI score of 6.1. The variables significantly associated with infection in the univariate analyses were the presence of disease activity, SLEDAI score, renal activity, prednisone dose, and IV cyclophosphamide. The only variable associated with infection in the multivariate analyses was a SLEDAI score of 4 or higher. Most infections in SLE outpatients were single, minor, non-life threatening, and associated with disease activity independently of sociodemographic and therapeutic factors.
IL28B SNP rs8099917 Is Strongly Associated with Pegylated Interferon-α and Ribavirin Therapy Treatment Failure in HCV/HIV-1 Coinfected Patients (2010)

Recent genome-wide association studies report that the SNP rs8099917, located 8.9 kb upstream of the start codon of IL28B, is associated with both disease chronicity and therapeutic response to pegIFN-α and RBV in patients infected with genotype 1 HCV. To determine the effect of rs8099917 variation on the response of HCV to therapy, we genotyped this variant in a cohort of 160 HCV/HIV-1 coinfected patients in our clinic unit who received combined peg-IFN-α/RBV therapy. The rs8099917 T/G or G/G genotypes were observed in 56 patients (35%). Treatment failure occurred in 80% of G-allele carriers versus 48% of non-carriers (P<0.0001). This result reveals that the G allele was strongly associated with treatment failure in this patient cohort. Importantly, a highly significant association was found between the G-allele and response to therapy in HCV genotype 1-infected patients (P<0.0001) but not in HCV genotype 3-infected patients. Multivariate analysis (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval; P value) indicated that the rs8099917 TT genotype was a strong predictor of treatment success (5.83; 1.26-26.92; P = 0.021), independent of baseline plasma HCV-RNA load less than 500 000 IU/ml (4.85; 1.18-19.95; P = 0.025) and absence of advanced liver fibrosis (5.24; 1.20-22.91; P = 0.025). These results reveal the high prevalence of the rs8099917 G allele in HCV/HIV-1 coinfected patients as well as its strong association with treatment failure in HCV genotype 1-infected patients. rs8099917 SNP genotyping may be a valid pre-treatment predictor of which patients are likely to respond to treatment in this group of difficult-to-treat HCV/HIV-infected patients.
FUNSD: A Dataset for Form Understanding in Noisy Scanned Documents (2019)

We present a new dataset for form understanding in noisy scanned documents (FUNSD) that aims at extracting and structuring the textual content of forms. The dataset comprises 199 real, fully annotated, scanned forms. The documents are noisy and vary widely in appearance, making form understanding (FoUn) a challenging task. The proposed dataset can be used for various tasks, including text detection, optical character recognition, spatial layout analysis, and entity labeling/linking. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publicly available dataset with comprehensive annotations to address FoUn task. We also present a set of baselines and introduce metrics to evaluate performance on the FUNSD dataset, which can be downloaded at https://guillaumejaume.github.io/FUNSD.
The New<i>Gaol</i> (2016)

Since John Howard’s (1777) condemnation of local places of detention at the end of the eighteenth century, the goal of prison reform has been to replace local jails with their porous boundaries and mixes of troubled citizens, with austere and complete “total institutions.” The current crisis of mass imprisonment is an opportune moment to rethink this strategy. In particular, California’s Correctional Realignment law represents a provocative counter note to the historic link between progress in prison reform and state administration. This article proposes that we see crime, mental illness, and incarceration less like a state (Scott 1998) and more like a city (Valverde 2011). When we do, the jail emerges as a potentially equilibrium solution to the problems of mental illness, crime, and incarceration.
Efficient Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Tunable Color enabled by an Ultralow‐Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptor (2017)

Abstract Semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) show attractive potential in power‐generating windows. However, the development of semitransparent OSCs is lagging behind opaque OSCs. Here, an ultralow‐bandgap nonfullerene acceptor, “IEICO‐4Cl”, is designed and synthesized, whose absorption spectrum is mainly located in the near‐infrared region. When IEICO‐4Cl is blended with different polymer donors (J52, PBDB‐T, and PTB7‐Th), the colors of the blend films can be tuned from purple to blue to cyan, respectively. Traditional OSCs with a nontransparent Al electrode fabricated by J52:IEICO‐4Cl, PBDB‐T:IEICO‐4Cl, and PTB7‐Th:IEICO‐4Cl yield power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 9.65 ± 0.33%, 9.43 ± 0.13%, and 10.0 ± 0.2%, respectively. By using 15 nm Au as the electrode, semitransparent OSCs based on these three blends also show PCEs of 6.37%, 6.24%, and 6.97% with high average visible transmittance (AVT) of 35.1%, 35.7%, and 33.5%, respectively. Furthermore, via changing the thickness of Au in the OSCs, the relationship between the transmittance and efficiency is studied in detail, and an impressive PCE of 8.38% with an AVT of 25.7% is obtained, which is an outstanding value in the semitransparent OSCs.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Reactions in Iron Ore/Coal Composites. (1993)

The present work is a fundamental study of reduction in mixtures of iron ore concentrate and pulverized coal by indirect heating. Cylindrical steel crucibles, 118 mm i.d. and 1 50 mm height, with full-load of mixtures were placed in a muffle furnace which was contro[led to be at a constant temperature of 1 200"C for predetermined times of reaction, The profile of temperature and degree of reduction, and distribution of residual carbon were measuredby embedded tiny thermocouples during the course of reaction and sampling and chemical analysis of reacted solids. It has been found that reducing gas generated in higher temperature regions by devolatilization and Boudouard reaction plays a role in convective heat transfer and indirect reduction for benefits of interior regions. The likely rate-controlling step of the overall reaction is considered to be heat transfer.
Feasibility Study on Chemometric Discrimination of Roasted Arabica Coffees by Solvent Extraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (2011)

In this feasibility study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometric analysis were adopted to discriminate coffees from different geographical origins and of different roasting degrees. Roasted coffee grounds were extracted using two methods: (1) solvent alone (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, acetone, ethanol, or acetic acid) and (2) coextraction using a mixture of equal volume of the solvent and water. Experiment results showed that the coextraction method resulted in cleaner extract and provided a greater amount of spectral information, which was important for sample discrimination. Principal component analysis of infrared spectra of ethyl acetate extracts for dark and medium roast coffees showed separated clusters according to their geographical origins and roast degrees. Classification models based on soft independent modeling of class analogy analysis were used to classify different coffee samples. Coffees from four different countries, which were roasted to dark, were 100% correctly classified when ethyl acetate was used as a solvent. The FTIR-chemometric technique developed here may serve as a rapid tool for discriminating geographical origin of roasted coffees. Future studies involving green coffee beans and the use of larger sample size are needed to further validate the robustness of this technique.
Designing mobile shared workspaces by instantiation (2009)

This article presents an abstract structure capturing the essence of a mobile shared workspace (MSW), and how a particular MSW can be obtained by instantiating such structure. It is intended to assist designers of mobile groupware tools to conceive new products reusing other designers' knowledge. This approach facilitates the design of a particular MSW in an easy and fast way. We illustrate how the abstract structure can be instantiated in the development of MSWs to support hospital work and construction inspection activities.
Design and development of a diesel powered semi-submersible ROV (1983)

This paper describes the development, design, construction and testing of an unmanned, untethered vehicle whose mission is to gather and transmit hydrographic data on the Canadian Continental Shelf. Because of the requirement to operate at high speeds for extended periods of time, the development of the vehicle has progressed along a path which is dramatically divergent from the one being pursued by developers of other unmanned, untethered submersibles. The successful development of the prototype DOLPHIN will provide a valuable survey tool for the Canadian Hydrographic Service, and the basis for a family of similar vehicles which require a sensor platform capable of operating at high speed for prolonged periods.
Echoes from Dharamsala: Music in the Life of a Tibetan Refugee Community, by Keila Diehl. (2004)

article published in Journal of Global Buddhism; Vol 5 (2004)
Sol gel processing of thick PZT films (2003)

Techniques are described for the sol-gel fabrication of ferroelectric PZT (lead zirconate titanate) films on different substrates up to 1.5 mu m in thickness by a single coating and up to 8 mu m by multiple coating. A microscopic and macroscopic review of the sources of stress in films during drying and firing suggests procedures for fabricating thick PZT films. These include the use of additives such as glycerol to reduce internal stress during firing, and appropriate firing schedules to accommodate the film thickness. A mechanical model for guiding the development of such films is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On Training Efficiency and Computational Costs of a Feed Forward Neural Network: A Review (2015)

A comprehensive review on the problem of choosing a suitable activation function for the hidden layer of a feed forward neural network has been widely investigated. Since the nonlinear component of a neural network is the main contributor to the network mapping capabilities, the different choices that may lead to enhanced performances, in terms of training, generalization, or computational costs, are analyzed, both in general-purpose and in embedded computing environments. Finally, a strategy to convert a network configuration between different activation functions without altering the network mapping capabilities will be presented.
Luxation Injuries and External Root Resorption – Etiology, Treatment, and Prognosis (2000)

When a tooth sustains a luxation injury, attachment damage of varying degrees will occur. In addition, necrosis of the pulp might result, thereby making the pulp space susceptible to infection. These circumstances can lead to root resorption. Treatment for root resorption includes preventing it by avoiding causes of root surface injury, minimizing initial inflammation, and reversing resorption.
Purification and characterization from bovine brain cytosol of a protein that inhibits the dissociation of GDP from and the subsequent binding of GTP to smg p25A, a ras p21-like GTP-binding protein. (1990)

A novel regulatory protein for smg p25A, a ras p21-like GTP-binding protein, was purified to near homogeneity from bovine brain cytosol. This regulatory protein, designated here as smg p25A GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI), inhibited the dissociation of GDP, but not of guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTPgamma S), from smg p25A. smg p25A GDI also inhibited the binding of GTPgamma S to the GDP-bound form of smg p25A but not of that to the guanine nucleotide-free form. GDI did not stimulate the GTPase activity of smg p25A and by itself showed neither GTPgammaS-binding nor GTPase activity. GDI was inactive for other ras p21/ras p21-like GTP-binding proteins including c-Ha-ras p21, rhoB p20, and smg p21. The Mr value of GDI was estimated to be about 54,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, about 65,000 from the S value (4.5 S), and about 82,000 by gel filtration. The isoelectric point of GDI was about pH 5.6. The activities of GDI were killed by tryptic digestion or heat boiling. These results indicate that bovine brain cytosol contains a regulatory protein for smg p25A that inhibits the dissociation of GDP from and thereby the subsequent binding of GTP to this protein.