gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Synthesis of Alkyl<i>β</i>-Xylosides from Xylobiose by Application of the Transxylosyl Reaction of<i>Aspergillus niger β</i>-Xylosidase (1988)

The enzymatic synthesis of alkyl β-xylosides from xylobiose and alcohols through the transxylosyl reaction of Aspergillus niger IFO 6662 enzyme was studied. Various alkyl β-xylosides were effectively synthesized from xylobiose and water miscible alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol. The molar ratios of the products, respective β-xylosides and xylose, were approximately 1:1, indicating a theoretical yield for the transfer reaction. Various water insoluble alcohols, such as 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, benzyl alcohol and 2-butanol, were also acted as effective acceptors for the transxylosyl reaction, where a great part of the synthesized β-xylosides was found in the insoluble alcohol layer, only xylose and a trace of xylobiose being found in the water layer. Therefore, the synthesized β-xylosides, such as 1-hexyl β-xyloside, could be readily separated from the reaction mixture and crystallized after evaporation of the insoluble alcohol.
Influence of Composition of SiCN Film for Surface Activated Bonding (2018)

Surface activated dielectric bonding is more and more attractive as a key technology to realize further high performance CMOS based devices independent on scaling. The major challenge of dielectric bonding is to decrease the process temperature in order to be compatible with CMOS processing. Although the conventional SiO2-SiO2 bonding has already been comprehensively investigated, there might be some limitations in terms of thermal budget. In the past, we have demonstrated low temperature bonding using PECVD-SiCN as interfacial layer, where we have obtained more than 2200 mJ/m2 of adhesion energy at 250 °C of post annealing. In this work, the composition of SiCN has been tuned aiming at the identification of the key elements taking part in the bonding mechanism and to further increase the adhesion energy at low post bond annealing temperature.
Understanding and Predicting Image Memorability at a Large Scale (2015)

Progress in estimating visual memorability has been limited by the small scale and lack of variety of benchmark data. Here, we introduce a novel experimental procedure to objectively measure human memory, allowing us to build LaMem, the largest annotated image memorability dataset to date (containing 60,000 images from diverse sources). Using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), we show that fine-tuned deep features outperform all other features by a large margin, reaching a rank correlation of 0.64, near human consistency (0.68). Analysis of the responses of the high-level CNN layers shows which objects and regions are positively, and negatively, correlated with memorability, allowing us to create memorability maps for each image and provide a concrete method to perform image memorability manipulation. This work demonstrates that one can now robustly estimate the memorability of images from many different classes, positioning memorability and deep memorability features as prime candidates to estimate the utility of information for cognitive systems. Our model and data are available at: http://memorability.csail.mit.edu.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF BUILDING POINTS FROM LIDAR AND DENSE IMAGE MATCHING POINT CLOUDS (2015)

Abstract. This study aims to detect automatically building points: (a) from LIDAR point cloud using simple techniques of filtering that enhance the geometric properties of each point, and (b) from a point cloud which is extracted applying dense image matching at high resolution colour-infrared (CIR) digital aerial imagery using the stereo method semi-global matching (SGM). At first step, the removal of the vegetation is carried out. At the LIDAR point cloud, two different methods are implemented and evaluated using initially the normals and the roughness values afterwards: (1) the proposed scan line smooth filtering and a thresholding process, and (2) a bilateral filtering and a thresholding process. For the case of the CIR point cloud, a variation of the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) is computed for the same purpose. Afterwards, the bare-earth is extracted using a morphological operator and removed from the rest scene so as to maintain the buildings points. The results of the extracted buildings applying each approach at an urban area in northern Greece are evaluated using an existing orthoimage as reference; also, the results are compared with the corresponding classified buildings extracted from two commercial software. Finally, in order to verify the utility and functionality of the extracted buildings points that achieved the best accuracy, the 3D models in terms of Level of Detail 1 (LoD 1) and a 3D building change detection process are indicatively performed on a sub-region of the overall scene.
Implementing distributed shared memory on top of MPI: the DSMPI library (2002)

Distributed shared memory has been recognized as an alternative programming model to exploit the parallelism in distributed memory systems since it provides a higher level of abstraction than simple message passing. DSM combines the simple programming model of shared-memory with the scalability of distributed memory machines. This paper presents DSMPI, a parallel library that runs atop of MPI and provides a distributed shared memory abstraction. It provides an easy-to-use programming interface, is flexible, portable and supports heterogeneity. Moreover, it supports different coherence protocols and models of consistency. We present some performance results taken in a network of workstations and in a Cray T3D which show that DSMPI can be competitive with MPI for some applications.
NEUROTOXICITY AFTER ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (1994)

Transplantation is published monthly and is the most cited and influential journal in the field, with more than 25,000 citations per year. The journal celebrated its 50th year in 2016. Transplantation has been the trusted source for extensive and timely coverage of the most important advances in transplantation. The Editors and Editorial Board are an international group of research and clinical leaders that includes many pioneers of the field, representing a diverse range of areas of expertise. This capable editorial team provides thoughtful and thorough peer review, and delivers rapid, careful and insightful editorial evaluation of all manuscripts submitted to the journal.
Preparation of high‐purity Fluorozirconate Glasses (1989)

Abstract The properties of glasses of quaternary and quinary systems synthesized on the basis of zirconium fluoride are shown. In particular, the influence of impurities, phase inhomogeneities, and gaseous bubbles on their optical properties are discussed. Methods for the preparation and characterization of high‐purity fluorozirconate glasses as quinary systems are reported.
Joint learning of ontology and semantic parser from text (2017)

Semantic parsing methods are used for capturing and representing semantic meaning of text. Meaning representation capturing all the concepts in the text may not always be available or may not be sufficiently complete. Ontologies provide a structured
Discovery of a Small Molecule Insulin Receptor Activator (2001)

Insulin elicits diverse biological responses in many tissues and cell types by binding to its specific receptor. The insulin receptor (IR) is a tetramer consisting of two extracellular a subunits and two membrane-spanning p subunits. The binding of insulin to the receptor causes conformational changes 107
The Argument Web: an Online Ecosystem of Tools, Systems and Services for Argumentation (2017)

The Argument Web is maturing as both a platform built upon a synthesis of many contemporary theories of argumentation in philosophy and also as an ecosystem in which various applications and application components are contributed by different research groups around the world. It already hosts the largest publicly accessible corpora of argumentation and has the largest number of interoperable and cross compatible tools for the analysis, navigation and evaluation of arguments across a broad range of domains, languages and activity types. Such interoperability is key in allowing innovative combinations of tool and data reuse that can further catalyse the development of the field of computational argumentation. The aim of this paper is to summarise the key foundations, the recent advances and the goals of the Argument Web, with a particular focus on demonstrating the relevance to, and roots in, philosophical argumentation theory.
In Vivo Conversion of Cellular Prion Protein to Pathogenic Isoforms, as Monitored by Conformation-specific Antibodies (2001)

The central event in prion disease is thought to be conformational conversion of the cellular isoform of prion protein (PrP(C)) to the insoluble isoform PrP(Sc). We generated polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies by immunizing PrP(C)-null mice with native PrP(C). All seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) immunoprecipitated PrP(C), but they immunoprecipitated PrP(Sc) weakly or not at all, thereby indicating preferential reactivities to PrP(C) in solution. Immunoprecipitation using these mAbs revealed a marked loss of PrP(C) in brains at the terminal stage of illness. Histoblot analyses using these polyclonal antibodies in combination of pretreatment of blots dissociated PrP(C) and PrP(Sc) in situ and consistently demonstrated the decrease of PrP(C) at regions where PrP(Sc) accumulated. Interestingly, same mAbs showed immunohistochemical reactivities to abnormal isoforms. One group of mAbs showed reactivity to materials that accumulated in astrocytes, while the other group did so to amorphous plaques in neuropil. Epitope mapping indicated that single mAbs have reactivities to multiple epitopes, thus implying dual specificities. This suggests the importance of octarepeats as a part of PrP(C)-specific conformation. Our observations support the notion that loss of function of PrP(C) may partly underlie the pathogenesis of prion diseases. The conversion of PrP(C) to PrP(Sc) may involve multiple steps at different sites.
The antigenic surface of the human growth hormone (hGH) molecule (1989)

Journal Article The antigenic surface of the human growth hormone (hGH) molecule Get access C J Strasburger, C J Strasburger Klinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Lübeck Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F Kohen F Kohen Department of Hormone Research, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Acta Endocrinologica (Norway), Volume 120, Issue 3_Supplement, Jun 1989, Pages S87–S88, https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.120S087 Published: 01 June 1989
Short-Duration Autoignition Temperature Measurements For Hydrocarbon Fuels Near Heated Metal Surfaces (1997)

Abstract An apparatus has been designed, built, and extensively tested for making short-duration autoignition temperature measurements of hydrocarbon fuels under atmospheric pressure conditions where the fuel/air stoichiometry, the nature of the hot metal surface, and the contact time between the fuel/air mixture and the heated surface are well controlled. This approach provides a much more reliable database to establish the importance of fuel structure and surface effects on measured autoignition temperatures than the current ASTM E659 procedure, which involves variable ignition delay times and unspecified stoichiometries for ignition in a heated glass flask. Two series of tests have been conducted: (1) over 1100 individual autoignition temperature determinations for the ignition of 15 hydrocarbon fuels containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms on heated nickel, stainless steel, and titanium surfaces for three different stoichiometries (φ = 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3); and (2)∽ 190 determinations for 10 linear and branched alkanes on heated nickel for stoichiometric conditions. Excellent repeatability has been achieved within a given series of measurements, and good replicate values have been obtained for data collected on separate days. Autoignition temperatures measured under short-contact time conditions are much higher (by typically 500 K or more) than found in most prior investigations, where exposure times were longer and test conditions less well controlled. The autoignition temperatures generally decrease for the larger hydrocarbons and for richer mixtures, although the C2 hydrocarbons (ethane, ethylene and acetylene) have particularly low values. The highest autoignition temperatures are observed for nickel surfaces and the lowest for stainless steel, with titanium being an intermediate case. Overall, the different metal sufaces exhibit a moderate influence on the observed autoignition temperatures. Prior experimental and modeling investigations indicate that the branched alkanes should be more resistant to autoignition than the linear isomers, and thus present a reduced hazard. Data obtained in the present study are consistent with this prediction, although the differences in measured autoignition temperatures are typically less than 100 K for isomers containing the same number of carbon atoms.
Allele association studies with SSR and SNP markers at known physical distances within a 1 Mb region embracing the ALDH2 locus in the Japanese, demonstrates linkage disequilibrium extending up to 400 kb (2000)

There has been considerable recent debate concerning the distances over which levels of allelic association useful for genomic quantitative trait locus (QTL) scans can be detected. We have examined simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphisms and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the region flanking the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 locus, ALDH2, in populations of Japanese alcoholics and controls. These groups differ significantly in the allele frequencies for the functional SNP in exon XII of this gene located on chromosome 12. The results obtained with SSR markers complement recent investigations with SNPs over similar distances at the TCR alpha/delta locus. Significant allelic association with this marker could be detected for SSRs over distances up to 400 kb and over 37 kb for the SNP thereby extending the distance over which LD at this locus could be detected by an order of magnitude. Furthermore, as a proof of principle, we show that comparisons of allele frequency differences for the SSR markers in the case (alcoholics) and control populations would have detected the ALDH2 marker as a putative QTL. Extending the tests to include alleles at two or three flanking loci suggests that the power to detect QTLs through association can be enhanced significantly.
Multi-gigabit-rate clock and data recovery based on blind oversampling (2003)

This article addresses issues with designing a blind oversampling clock and data recovery unit (CDR) that meets jitter tolerance specifications. Asymptotic limits on jitter tolerance are derived assuming ideal phase detection based on a priori statistics of the received signal, proving that the coarse timing resolution of blind oversampling CDR relies on a phase detection algorithm that makes good estimates of the signal's statistics with a finite number of discrete samples and at reasonable hardware costs. The statistical simulation methodology outlined here enables quick verification of the bit error rate and comparisons between the jitter tolerances of various blind oversampling CDR architectures.
Parallel strings of IGBTs in short circuit transients: analysis of the parameter influence and experimental behavior (2003)

In this paper the behavior analysis of parallel connection of IGBTs under short circuit conditions is presented. The issues of hard switching fault (HSF) and fault under load (FUL) short circuit types are faced by taking into account for the influence of the layout and gate driving parameters. The role of the temperature has been considered too in order to investigate how this quantity affects the IGBTs short circuit phenomenon. An analytical description of the FUL transient is introduced to put in correlation the current and voltage peaks, which are suffered by the IGBT, to the circuit and device parameters. Indeed, the current peak imbalance appearing in a FUL condition is depending on the power layout, on the gate driving conditions and spread on device parameters.
Low-Temperature and High-Rate Deposition of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering (2000)

SrTiO 3 thin films have been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering at the a substrate temperature of 200°C and a high deposition rate of 35 nm/min on Al/glass substrates. The deposition rate of the SrTiO 3 thin film was controlled by RF power during the deposition. The orientation of the films changed and the grain boundaries became sparse with increasing RF power. Furthermore, the leakage current of the capacitors also increased with increasing RF power. As the RF power increased, the signal intensity ratios of O 2 + /O and Ti/Sr in the optical emission spectroscopy decreased. The application of optimum working pressure resulted in recovery of the signal intensity ratios of O 2 + /O in the optical emission spectroscopy and improvement in the properties of the SrTiO 3 film deposited at a high RF power. The SrTiO 3 film of 300 nm thickness exhibited a relative dielectric constant of 64 and a leakage current of 4×10 -10 A/cm 2 at the voltage of +3 V.
Ring closing diene metathesis in organic synthesis (1998)

S. K. Armstrong, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1998, 371 DOI: 10.1039/A703881J
Estimating the Number of Measles-Susceptible Children and Adolescents in the United States Using Data From the National Immunization Survey–Teen (NIS-Teen) (2016)

Despite high measles vaccination rates in the United States, imported measles cases have led to outbreaks in the United States. These outbreaks have not led to sustained measles transmission; however, with each birth cohort of children not fully vaccinated against measles, measles-susceptible individuals accumulate in the population. The total number of measles-susceptible children and adolescents in the United States is unknown. We used age-specific measles vaccination data from the National Immunization Survey-Teen (2008-2013) to estimate the number of measles-susceptible children aged 17 years or younger, accounting for vaccine effectiveness, infant protection from maternal antibodies, and loss of immunity following childhood cancer treatment. Approximately 12.5% of US children and adolescents are susceptible to measles, with the highest levels of susceptibility being observed in children aged 3 years or younger (24.7% are susceptible to measles). In sensitivity analyses, we found that a sustained decrease in measles vaccination coverage from 91.9% (2013 level) to 90.0% (2009 level) would add nearly 1.2 million susceptible children and adolescents (thus making 14.2% of those aged 17 years or younger susceptible to measles). This reemphasizes the need for high measles vaccination coverage to support population-level immunity and prevent reestablishment of indigenous measles transmission in the United States.
[AlCl<sub>3</sub> + 2THF]:  A New and Efficient Catalytic System for Diels−Alder Cycloaddition of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds under Solvent-Free Conditions (2006)

[AlCl(3) + 2THF] is a new catalytic system for the Diels-Alder cycloaddition under SFC and air atmosphere. By using equimolar amounts of reactants, this catalyst prevents the polymerization of the diene and allows the corresponding adducts to be isolated with high regio- and stereocontrol and in excellent yields. [reaction: see text]
Continuous Real-time Detection of Microbial Contamination in Water using Intrinsic Fluorescence (2013)

With the rapid increase in global population, geographically changing drought conditions and the ensuing potential water shortage, water quality has become a major concern. In some extreme cases, such as Arizona, the population may have to switch and use recycled toilet water for potable use in the near future. However, our current monitoring methods for drinking water do not provide fast and reliable results to deal with these challenges. By using intrinsic fluorescence, microbial contamination in water can be monitored in real-time, continuously, without sample collection or contact and at very low concentration. The detection limit of the instrument designed specifically for this purpose and reported here is ~50 bacterial cells/L. By monitoring the fluorescence of cellular components of microorganisms, their concentrations and metabolic states (live, dead, spores) can be determined. These fluorophores include reduced pyridine nucleotides (RPNs), flavins, and cytochromes to distinguish live cells; cytochromes for dead cells; and calcium dipicolinic acid (DPA) for spores. By using this method, a wide range of microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, amoebae, fungi and other microorganisms can be detected
The biological roles of zinc and families of zinc metalloproteases (1996)

Zinc is present in and essential to all forms of life. In higher mammals zinc is second in abundance only to iron among the trace metals. Zinc is essential for the catalytic function and/or structural stability of more than 300 distinct enzymes, which participate in biological reactions encompassing the synthesis and degradation of all the major metabolites. In addition, in numerous other proteins, such as transcription factors, zinc plays an essential structural and/or functional role. Zinc chemically combines in the + 2 oxidation state being neither oxidised nor reduced in biological reactions. Within enzymes the zinc can have either a catalytic, structural or regulatory role. The zinc metalloproteases are a growing subset of such enzymes whose catalytic functions are critically dependent on the zinc ion at the active site. This group of enzymes can be subdivided into distinct families on the basis of both sequence and structural information. Although the HEXXH consensus sequence is the most common zinc binding motif in the zinc metalloproteases, several other metal binding motifs exist and undoubtedly others remain to be elucidated. This chapter provides a brief overview of the biological importance of zinc and its catalytic properties, and then sets out a framework for the grouping of the known zinc metalloproteases (most of which are discussed in later chapters in this volume) into families on the basis of sequence and structural similarities around the zinc binding site.
ChemInform Abstract: Free‐Radical Addition of an H2S Equivalent to Olefins: Triphenylsilanethiol. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Extending the Knowledge Strategy Concept: Linking Organizational Knowledge with Strategic Orientations (2017)

Since the popularization of knowledge in the global business economy, organizational managers consider it a key part of their strategy in generating value and achieving superior performance for their organizations. Therefore, attempts have been made to discuss knowledge strategy in terms of its types, resources, capabilities and competencies. None the less, extant literature has been limited in examining strategic behaviours of organizations that result from the link between organizational knowledge and strategic orientations. Therefore, this research is aimed at conceptualizing the knowledge strategy (KS) concept by linking organizational knowledge with strategic orientation. The implications of the research were discussed.