gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP depletion in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2002)

T cell activation and apoptosis are mediated by deltapsim elevation and increased ROI production. Mitochondrial hyperpolarization and the resultant ATP depletion sensitize T cells for necrosis, which may significantly contribute to inflammation in patients with SLE.
Relationships between serum biomarker levels and clinical presentation of human osteosarcomas. (2011)

Of the biomarkers analyzed in this study, serum BALP was the most reliable and sensitive for estimating tumor volume. A high level of serum WF6 reflects alteration of the extracellular matrix component of tumors. Both serum biomarkers can be expected to be further explored for use in specific clinical monitoring.
TUDCA Promotes Phagocytosis by Retinal Pigment Epithelium via MerTK Activation (2015)

These results suggest that TUDCA activates MerTK, which is important for phagocytosis of POS. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid may represent a new therapeutic option for the treatment of retinal diseases.
KRAS and BRAF Mutations Predict Primary Resistance to Imatinib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (2012)

These data suggest the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as a possible novel mechanism of primary resistance to imatinib in GISTs and could explain the survival curves obtained from several clinical studies where 2% to 4% of patients with GIST treated with imatinib, despite carrying KIT-sensitive mutations, do not respond to the treatment.
A softwarized perspective of the 5G networks (2020)

The main goal of this article is to present the fundamental theoretical concepts for the tutorial presented in IEEE NetSoft 2020. The article explores the use of software in the 5G system composed of the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the core components, following the standards defined by 3GPP, particularly the Release 15. The article provides a brief overview of mobile cellular networks, including basic concepts, operations, and evolution through the called `generations' of mobile networks. From a software perspective, RAN is presented in the context of 4G and 5G networks, which includes the virtualization and disaggregation concepts. A significant part of the article is dedicated to 5G networks and beyond, focusing on core, i.e., considering the Service-Based Architecture (SBA), due to its relevance and totally softwarized approach. Finally, the article briefly describes the demonstrations presented in IEEE NetSoft 2020, providing the link for the repository that has all material employed in the tutorial.
Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films: Interference Pattern Recording and Its Application (1996)

We have developed an economic liquid crystal/polymer dispersion material that can be used for storing optical holographic images. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of thin film samples of this material to fabricate various gratings based on the recording of the interference patterns set up by two coherent Ar+ laser beams. The gratings formed are permanent, but are electrically switchable.
Self-Assembling DNA Quadruplex Conjugated to MRI Contrast Agents (2009)

We report the preparation and magnetic resonance (MR) characterization of new MRI contrast agents based on gadolinium complexes conjugated to a self-assembling DNA quadruplex scaffold. As a single gadolinium-DOTA chelated DNA strand, the r(1) molar relaxivity is 6.4 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd and increases to 11.7 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd upon formation of a DNA quadruplex. Similar results were obtained when a gadolinium-DOTA dendrimer was conjugated to DNA, with the r(1) molar relaxivity increasing to 12.9 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd upon the formation of DNA quadruplex, compared to that of 6.0 mM(-1) s(-1) for a single strand of gadolinium-DOTA dendrimer chelate. This yields an r(1) molar relaxivity of 154.8 and 46.8 mM(-1) s(-1) per DNA quadruplex based on DOTA dendrimer or monomer, respectively. Importantly, the DNA quadruplex scaffold is approximately 2.5 nm(3) in size, potentially enabling this type of contrast agent to be used for targeted delivery in vivo to detect specific cells or tissues, even behind intact blood vessels.
Extremely high magnetoresistance and conductivity in the type-II Weyl semimetals WP2 and MoP2 (2017)

The peculiar band structure of semimetals exhibiting Dirac and Weyl crossings can lead to spectacular electronic properties such as large mobilities accompanied by extremely high magnetoresistance. In particular, two closely neighboring Weyl points of the same chirality are protected from annihilation by structural distortions or defects, thereby significantly reducing the scattering probability between them. Here we present the electronic properties of the transition metal diphosphides, WP<sub>2</sub> and MoP<sub>2</sub>, which are type-II Weyl semimetals with robust Weyl points by transport, angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first principles calculations. Our single crystals of WP<sub>2</sub> display an extremely low residual low-temperature resistivity of 3 nΩ cm accompanied by an enormous and highly anisotropic magnetoresistance above 200 million % at 63 T and 2.5 K. We observe a large suppression of charge carrier backscattering in WP<sub>2</sub> from transport measurements. These properties are likely a consequence of the novel Weyl fermions expressed in this compound.
Cell junction-associated proteins IQGAP1, MAGI-2, CASK, spectrins, and α-actinin are components of the nephrin multiprotein complex (2005)

Nephrin is a cell surface receptor of the Ig superfamily that localizes to slit diaphragms, the specialized junctions between the interdigitating foot processes of the glomerular epithelium (podocytes) in the kidney. Mutations in the NPHS1 gene encoding nephrin lead to proteinuria and congenital nephrotic syndrome, indicating that nephrin is essential for normal glomerular development and function. To identify nephrin-binding proteins, we performed mass spectrometry on proteins obtained from pull-down assays with GST-nephrin cytoplasmic domain. Nephrin specifically pulled down six proteins from glomerular lysates, MAGI-2/S-SCAM (membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 2/synaptic scaffolding molecule), IQGAP1 (IQ motif-containingGTPase-activatingprotein1),CASK(calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase), alpha-actinin, alphaII spectrin, and betaII spectrin. All of these scaffolding proteins are often associated with cell junctions. By immunofluorescence these proteins are expressed in glomerular epithelial cells, where they colocalize with nephrin in the foot processes. During glomerular development, IQGAP1 is expressed in the junctional complexes between the earliest identifiable podocytes, MAGI-2/S-SCAM is first detected in junctional complexes in podocytes after their migration to the base of the cells. Thus, the nephrin-slit diaphragm protein complex contains a group of scaffolding proteins that function to connect junctional membrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and signaling cascades. Despite their special morphology and function, there is considerable compositional similarity between the podocyte slit diaphragm and typical junctional complexes of other epithelial cells.
Laser Spot Welding of Copper-aluminum Joints Using a Pulsed Dual Wavelength Laser at 532 and 1064 nm (2014)

A modulated pulsed laser source emitting green and infrared laser light is used to join the dissimilar metals copper and aluminum. The resultant dynamic welding process is analyzed using the back reflected laser light and high speed video observations of the interaction zone. Different pulse shapes are applied to influence the melt pool dynamics and thereby the forming grain structure and intermetallic phases. The results of high-speed images and back-reflections prove that a modulation of the pulse shape is transferred to oscillations of the melt pool at the applied frequency. The outcome of the melt pool oscillation is shown by the metallurgically prepared cross-section, which indicates different solidification lines and grain shapes. An energy-dispersivex-ray analysis shows the mixture and the resultant distribution of the two metals, copper and aluminum, within the spot weld. It can be seen that the mixture is homogenized the observed melt pool oscillations.
The Programmer's Apprentice: Knowledge Based Program Editing (1982)

An initial implementation of an interactive programming assistant system called the programmer's apprentice (PA) is described. The PA is designed to be midway between an improved programming methodology and an automatic programming system. The intention is that the programmer will do the hard parts of design and implementation while the PA will assist him wherever possible. One of the major underpinnings of the PA is a representation (called a plan) for programs which abstracts away from the inessential features of a program, and represents the basic logical properties of the algorithm explicitly.
nITRO: A phase 2 study of perioperative liposomal irinotecan + 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin + oxaliplatin (NALIRIFOX) in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (rPDAC). (2023)

701 Background: Upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy is the standard treatment for patients with rPDAC. However, the risk of positive surgical margins, the poor recovery after surgery that often impairs postoperative treatment, and the high risk of relapse might limit the overall outcome of this strategy. This trial assessed the safety and the activity of liposomal irinotecan 50 mg/m 2 + 5-FU 2400 mg/m 2 + LV 400 mg/m 2 + oxaliplatin 60 mg/m 2 (NALIRIFOX) in the perioperative treatment of patients with rPDAC. Methods: nITRO is an investigator-initiated, Simon’s two-stages, single arm phase 2 study. Eligible patients had newly diagnosed rPDAC with <180° interface with major veins’ wall and a Karnofsky status ≥60. Patients received a perioperative treatment of 3 cycles before and 3 cycles after resection with NALIRIFOX, d1 and 15 of a 28 days cycle. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients undergoing an R0 resection. Results: Between April 2018 and May 2022, 168 patients were referred by surgical units as potentially eligible for upfront resection. These patients were prescreened by CT and MRI scans within 4 weeks before treatment and 60 showed a rapid progression to a locally advanced or metastatic disease. One was not eligible because of heart failure. Among 107 patients who were enrolled and began preoperative treatment, 86 (80.4%) received all the 3 planned preoperative cycles. One patient (0.9%) obtained a radiological complete response, 22 (20.6%) a partial response, and 68 (63.6%) a stable disease, accounting for a disease control rate of 85.0%. Nine patients discontinued because of treatment related or unrelated adverse events. Seven patients had a radiological, and 2 a clinical progression. Two patients were defined as not resectable at surgical reevaluation. Most common adverse events of grade ≥3 during preoperative treatment included neutropenia (13.0%), diarrhea (9.4%) cholangitis (6.6%), mucositis (5.6%) and hypokaliemia (5.6%). One patient died for treatment-related neutropenia and sepsis. Thus, 87 (81.2%) patients underwent surgical exploration, 11 (12.6%) of them had intraoperative evidence of unresectable or metastatic disease, and 1 died for surgical complications. Among the 75 patients who underwent resection, 49 achieved an R0 resection accounting for a rate of 65.3%, largely exceeding the alternative hypothesis of 55%. Median disease-free and overall survival of resected patients were 31.3 (95% CI 17.0-45.6) and 44.9 months (95% CI 33.1-56.8), respectively. Conclusions: NALIRIFOX was manageable and active for patients with rPDAC. Perioperative NALIRIFOX allows to select those patients who may benefit from resection to the largest extent. Perioperative NALIRIFOX deserves further investigation in randomized trials comparing it with standard upfront surgery followed by adjuvant therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03528785 .
Achieving real-time capsule endoscopy (CE) video visualization through panoramic imaging (2013)

In this paper, we mainly present a novel and real-time capsule endoscopy (CE) video visualization concept based on panoramic imaging. Typical CE videos run about 8 hours and are manually reviewed by physicians to locate diseases such as bleedings and polyps. To date, there is no commercially available tool capable of providing stabilized and processed CE video that is easy to analyze in real time. The burden on physicians’ disease finding efforts is thus big. In fact, since the CE camera sensor has a limited forward looking view and low image frame rate (typical 2 frames per second), and captures very close range imaging on the GI tract surface, it is no surprise that traditional visualization method based on tracking and registration often fails to work. This paper presents a novel concept for real-time CE video stabilization and display. Instead of directly working on traditional forward looking FOV (field of view) images, we work on panoramic images to bypass many problems facing traditional imaging modalities. Methods on panoramic image generation based on optical lens principle leading to real-time data visualization will be presented. In addition, non-rigid panoramic image registration methods will be discussed.
Friendly interfacing to simple speech recognizers (1983)

Abstract We describe improvements to the recognition performance of a simple commercial speech recognizer. Topics include the selection of acoustically distinct words; a method of ‘training’ (storing utterances for later use as templates) which mimics the real task, and therefore reduces the difference in diction between training and task; the representation of variability in diction by storing repeated examples of each utterance separately, instead of using a simple statistical average; and the construction of an adaptive algorithm which updates its templates at appropriate moments. The results of empirical investigations with the adaptive algorithm show a very considerable improvement in performance. We argue that the development of speech recognizers has given the hardware undue attention, and that a rigorous attack on adaptive recognition, treated as a problem in control theory, would lead to a sophisticated interface to complement sophisticated hardware. The system we describe has.been successfully used in an experimental voice-operated text-editing system (Morrison and Green 1982).
Degenerated human intervertebral discs contain autoantibodies against extracellular matrix proteins (2014)

Degeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) is associated with back pain and elevated levels of inflammatory cells. It has been hypothesised that discogenic pain is a direct result of vascular and neural ingrowth along annulus fissures, which may expose the avascular nucleus pulposus (NP) to the systemic circulation and induce an autoimmune reaction. In this study, we confirmed our previous observation of antibodies in human degenerated and post-traumatic IVDs cultured in vitro. We hypothesised that the presence of antibodies was due to an autoimmune reaction against specific proteins of the disc. Furthermore we identified antigens which possibly trigger an autoimmune response in degenerative disc diseases. We demonstrated that degenerated and post-traumatic IVDs contain IgG antibodies against typical extracellular proteins of the disc, particularly proteins of the NP. We identified IgGs against collagen type II and aggrecan, confirming an autoimmune reaction against the normally immune privileged NP. We also found specific IgGs against collagens types I and V, but not against collagen type III. In conclusion, this study confirmed the association between disc degeneration and autoimmunity, and may open the avenue for future studies on developing prognostic, diagnostic and therapy-monitoring markers for degenerative disc diseases.
Layered Perovskites L<sub>2</sub>(Pb<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Mn<sub><i>x</i></sub>)Cl<sub>4</sub> to Mn-Doped CsPbCl<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Platelets (2018)

Doped perovskite nanocrystals have recently emerged as a new class of energy materials for solar concentrators and solid-state lighting device applications. Among these, doping Mn(II) in high band gap CsPbCl3 perovskite host nanostructures has been extensively studied. However, going beyond their optical emissions, herein, the impact of dopant ions on tuning the doped platelet dimensions and retaining the monodispersity is reported. These were performed by designing appropriate compositions of layered perovskites, L2(Pb1–xMnx)Cl4, which on thermal treatment in the presence of Cs(I) ions transformed to Mn-doped CsPbCl3 platelets. Correlating the amount of Mn present in layered perovskites and retained in doped platelets, the role of Mn for the conversion of layered to doped perovskites was established. These doped platelets showed dominated Mn d–d emission and also Mn concentration-dependent emission tuning. Even though several reports of Mn-doped CsPbCl3 have been reported, these findings add new fundamental insight into the design of dimension-tunable doped perovskites from layered perovskites.
Direct ECC Bypass Phenomena During LBLOCA Reflood Phase Observed in the MIDAS Test Facility (2002)

One of the advanced design features of the APR-1400, direct vessel injection (DVI) system is being considered instead of conventional cold leg injection (CLI) system. It is known that the DVI system greatly enhances the reliability of the emergency core cooling (ECC) system. However, there is still a dispute on its performance in terms of water delivery to the reactor core during the reflood phase of a large-break loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). Thus, experimental validation is in progress. In this paper, test results of a direct ECC bypass performed in the steam-water test facility called MIDAS (Multi-dimensional Investigation in Downcomer Annulus Simulation) is presented. The test condition is determined, based on the preliminary analysis of TRAC code, by applying the ‘modified linear scaling method’ with the 1/4.93 length scale. From the tests, ECC direct bypass fraction, steam condensation rate and information on the flow distribution in the upper annulus downcomer region is obtained.
Predictability of Top of Descent Location for Operational Idle-Thrust Descents (2010)

To enable arriving aircraft to fly optimized descents computed by the flight management system (FMS) in congested airspace, ground automation must accurately predict descent trajectories. To support development of the trajectory predictor and its uncertainty models, commercial flights executed idle-thrust descents at a specified descent speed, and the recorded data included the specified descent speed profile, aircraft weight, and the winds entered into the FMS as well as the radar data. The FMS computed the intended descent path assuming idle thrust after top of descent (TOD), and the controllers and pilots then endeavored to allow the FMS to fly the descent to the meter fix with minimal human intervention. The horizontal flight path, cruise and meter fix altitudes, and actual TOD location were extracted from the radar data. Using approximately 70 descents each in Boeing 757 and Airbus 319/320 aircraft, multiple regression estimated TOD location as a linear function of the available predictive factors. The cruise and meter fix altitudes, descent speed, and wind clearly improve goodness of fit. The aircraft weight improves fit for the Airbus descents but not for the B757. Except for a few statistical outliers, the residuals have absolute value less than 5 nmi. Thus, these predictive factors adequately explain the TOD location, which indicates the data do not include excessive noise.
Targeting HDACs: A Promising Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease (2011)

Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone acetylation play an important role in a wide range of brain disorders. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the homeostasis of histone acetylation. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, which initially were used as anticancer drugs, are recently suggested to act as neuroprotectors by enhancing synaptic plasticity and learning and memory in a wide range of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). To reveal the physiological roles of HDACs may provide us with a new perspective to understand the mechanism of AD and to develop selective HDAC inhibitors. This paper focuses on the recent research progresses of HDAC proteins and their inhibitors on the roles of the treatment for AD.
Abnormalities in Chrysanthemum Regenerated from Long Term Cultures (1981)

Plants regenerated from leafy callus of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. maintained for 9 years (LC plants) were compared to those regenerated from leafy callus maintained for 1 month (SC plants) in order to assess the effects of long-term culture. LC plants differed morphologically from those derived from the 1-month culture. Aberrant forms, proliferation of apical buds, variable leaf shapes and stunted growth were observed in 15 per cent of the LC plants. The remaining 85 per cent were characterized by excessive growth of lateral shoots. Flowers were smaller and irregularly formed in most LC plants. Although the growth rates of plants in both LC and SC groups were similar, flowering was delayed considerably in the LC plants. Application of GA3 or IAA had no effect in restoring normal form. Genetic instability, chimeral rearrangement and residual hormone effects are offered as possible explanations for the abnormalities observed.
Filaroides hirthi in a Dog: Fatal Hyperinfection Suggestive of Autoinfection (1980)

Progressive dyspnea in a dog began 1 month after it had been hit by a car. Radiographs revealed diffuse interstitial and alveolar pneumonia. Large numbers of embryonated eggs were observed in bronchial washings; and many small nematodes, later identified as Filaroides hirthi, were found in the fine needle aspirates of pulmonary tissue. Numerous nematode larvae were demonstrated on fecal flotation. The severe hyperinfection strongly suggested autoinfection, probably associated with depressed immunologic competence due to chronic stress.
A Novel Method for Estimating Distances from a Robot to Humans Using Egocentric RGB Camera (2019)

Estimating distances between people and robots plays a crucial role in understanding social Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) from an egocentric view. It is a key step if robots should engage in social interactions, and to collaborate with people as part of human-robot teams. For distance estimation between a person and a robot, different sensors can be employed, and the number of challenges to be addressed by the distance estimation methods rise with the simplicity of the technology of a sensor. In the case of estimating distances using individual images from a single camera in a egocentric position, it is often required that individuals in the scene are facing the camera, do not occlude each other, and are fairly visible so specific facial or body features can be identified. In this paper, we propose a novel method for estimating distances between a robot and people using single images from a single egocentric camera. The method is based on previously proven 2D pose estimation, which allows partial occlusions, cluttered background, and relatively low resolution. The method estimates distance with respect to the camera based on the Euclidean distance between ear and torso of people in the image plane. Ear and torso characteristic points has been selected based on their relatively high visibility regardless of a person orientation and a certain degree of uniformity with regard to the age and gender. Experimental validation demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed method.