gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Laser Beam Expander-A New Design</title> (1980)

In 1978 the author described a laser beam expander that was unobscured, corrected for spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism, and consisted of four spherical mirrors. It was not corrected for Petzval curvature, however; therefore the expanded laser beam would defocus slightly if the input beam were not aligned to the system correctly. This paper describes a new design that has just three mirrors, one an aspheric, and that is corrected for spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and Petzval curvature. It is also unobscured, and has the very nice feature that the one aspheric mirror is used in a centered fashion: no off-axis section of an aspheric mirror needs to be made. The new design can be realized in any beam expansion ratio that is desired, but performance suffers at very high magnifications. Two representative designs, 4X expansion and 8X expansion, will be shown and discussed, and their performance numbers will be given.
Autologous Human Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves (2006)

Background— Tissue engineering represents a promising approach for the development of living heart valve replacements. In vivo animal studies of tissue-engineered autologous heart valves have focused on pulmonary valve replacements, leaving the challenge to tissue engineer heart valves suitable for systemic application using human cells. Methods and Results— Tissue-engineered human heart valves were analyzed up to 4 weeks and conditioning using bioreactors was compared with static culturing. Tissue formation and mechanical properties increased with time and when using conditioning. Organization of the tissue, in terms of anisotropic properties, increased when conditioning was dynamic in nature. Exposure of the valves to physiological aortic valve flow demonstrated proper opening motion. Closure dynamics were suboptimal, most likely caused by the lower degree of anisotropy when compared with native aortic valve leaflets. Conclusions— This study presents autologous tissue-engineered heart valves based on human saphenous vein cells and a rapid degrading synthetic scaffold. Tissue properties and mechanical behavior might allow for use as living aortic valve replacements.
New Printing Robot for High-Resolution Pictures on Three-Dimensional Wide Surfaces (2010)

A novel five-axes robot for industrial large printing applications is presented in this paper. The robot was developed in the robotics team from PRIME institute and an international patent was deposited for this invention in 2006. It concerns large-format 3-D printing on a fixed surface, like trailer tarpaulin for example. The robot is composed of an inkjet printing block and a device to dry the ink sprayed onto the surface. Kinematics of the mechanical device with 5 DOF was studied to position and orientate the printheads onto the surface to be printed. The structure of the robot is simple with high-speed capability and printing resolution. The working principle and mechanical structure are described, and the geometrical model and surface following control of the robot are also discussed. Finally, printing results in a practical situation illustrate the efficiency of the proposed 3-D printing robot, and an analysis of how the task is carried out is provided.
Robust real-time underwater digital video streaming using optical communication (2013)

We present a real-time video delivery solution based on free-space optical communication for underwater applications. This solution comprises of AquaOptical II, a high-bandwidth wireless optical communication device, and a two-layer digital encoding scheme designed for error-resistant communication of high resolution images. Our system can transmit digital video reliably through a unidirectional underwater channel, with minimal infrastructural overhead. We present empirical evaluation of this system's performance for various system configurations, and demonstrate that it can deliver high quality video at up to 15 Hz, with near-negligible communication latencies of 100 ms. We further characterize the corresponding end-to-end latencies, i.e. from time of image acquisition until time of display, and reveal optimized results of under 200 ms, which facilitates a wide range of applications such as underwater robot tele-operation and interactive remote seabed monitoring.
Langmuir-Blodgett ultrathin membranes of fumarate polymers (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLangmuir-Blodgett ultrathin membranes of fumarate polymersKiyotaka Shigehara, Masahiko Hara, Hidenari Nakahama, Seizo Miyata, Yoshishige Murata, and Akira YamadaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 4, 1237–1238Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00238a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00238a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adriamycin analogs. 3. Synthesis of N-alkylated anthracyclines with enhanced efficacy and reduced cardiotoxicity (1979)

Reaction of daunorubicin (1) and adriamycin (2) with aldehydes and ketones in the presence of NaCNBH3 afforded N-alkyl- and N,N-dialkylanthracyclines along with their 13-dihydro derivatives. Product ratios depended upon the nature of the carbonyl reagent and the starting drug. The majority of these analogues retained in vivo antitumor activity comparable to 1 and 2. However, unlike the parent compounds, which inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis at comparable concentrations, several of these analogues inhibit RNA synthesis at markedly lower concentrations than required to inhibit DNA synthesis. In addition, in some cases the ability to bind to DNA in vitro was reduced while antitumor activity was retained. N,N-Dibenzyldaunorubicin was especially notable for increased efficacy (T/C 259, qd 1--9) against P388 leukemia in mice, despite reduction of DNA binding in vitro. It showed almost complete loss of mutagenicity vs S. typhimurium (Ames test) and it was tenfold less cardiotoxic by electrocardiographic measurements (Zbinden test) in the rat.
Platelet P2Y<sub>12</sub>Blockers Confer Direct Postconditioning-Like Protection in Reperfused Rabbit Hearts (2012)

Clopidogrel and cangrelor protected rabbit hearts against infarction. The mechanism appears to involve signal transduction during reperfusion rather than inhibition of intravascular coagulation. We hypothesize that both drugs protect by activating IPOC's protective signaling to prevent reperfusion injury. If true, patients receiving P2Y₁₂ inhibitors before percutaneous intervention may already be postconditioned thus explaining failure of recent clinical trials of postconditioning drugs.
A Study on Fuel Spray Pattern Control of Injector for DI Engine : 2nd Report Atomization Characteristics of L-Step Nozzle (2000)

A fuel injector with an L-out orifice (L-Step nozzle) at its tip for controlling fuel spray pattern has been developed for the DI engine. The inclined fuel spray pattern formed by the L-Step nozzle was highly stable against the tested ambient pressure range, from 0.1∿0.6MPa. Moreover, the obtained fuel droplet mean diameter was also stable against ambient pressure variation, with only 5μm increase when the ambient pressure was changed from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa. It was also found that the fuel spray pattern could be controlled by changing the fuel swirl force.
Current progress and future perspectives in the development of anti-polo-like kinase 1 therapeutic agents (2017)

Although significant levels of side effects are often associated with their use, microtubule-directed agents that primarily target fast-growing mitotic cells have been considered to be some of the most effective anti-cancer therapeutics. With the hope of developing new-generation anti-mitotic agents with reduced side effects and enhanced tumor specificity, researchers have targeted various proteins whose functions are critically required for mitotic progression. As one of the highly attractive mitotic targets, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been the subject of an extensive effort for anti-cancer drug discovery. To date, a variety of anti-Plk1 agents have been developed, and several of them are presently in clinical trials. Here, we will discuss the current status of generating anti-Plk1 agents as well as future strategies for designing and developing more efficacious anti-Plk1 therapeutics.
Novel electromagnetic radiation in a semi-infinite space filled with a double-negative metamaterial (2012)

We have theoretically investigated the electromagnetic radiation excited by a charged particle moving along a semi-infinite space filled with a double-negative metamaterial (DNM). Cherenkov radiation in the double-negative region exhibits reversed or backward radiation behavior. The spectral density of reversed Cherenkov radiation has a continuous distribution over the radiation frequency region. The influence of some important parameters on the Cherenkov radiation energy per unit length has been discussed. The surface wave in the vacuum region presented here also is investigated. We conclude that the amplitude of the surface wave is greatly enhanced over some normal dielectric material cases. The enhanced surface wave may be useful for high frequency and high power vacuum electron devices with the DNM.
Optical waveguides via viscosity-mismatched microfluidic flows (2006)

This letter describes all-liquid optical waveguiding within microfluidic channels that employs viscosity-mismatched core and cladding fluids. Efficient optical coupling is achieved through superior control of fluid flow profiles obtained via hydrodynamic focusing and models describing the control of the viscosity-mismatched, graded index fluid waveguides are presented. As a demonstration of this approach, a fluorescence quantification assay is performed using dyed colloidal particles.
The immunosignature of canine lymphoma: characterization and diagnostic application (2014)

We conclude that the immunosignature can serve as a multilevel diagnostic for canine, and potentially human, lymphoma.
<title>Details of the polishing spot in magnetorheological finishing (MRF)</title> (1999)

Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF) is a novel process for deterministic figure correction and polishing of optical materials that utilizes a sub-aperture lap created by moving a magnetic field-stiffened magnetorheological (MR) fluid ribbon against an optical surface. MRF has been successfully applied to a wide range of optical materials. A new research platform has been designed and built that is used to generate sub-aperture polishing profiles, i.e., polishing 'spots,' on optical flats under well-controlled conditions. This platform uses the same fluid circulation and conditioning system as the commercial computer numerically controlled MRF machine, thereby allowing fluid performance issues to be investigated. This new machine complements the capabilities of the original MRF research platform that has been in continuous use for over six years. These two machines have been used to generate polishing spots on a variety of optical materials. The spot profiles were measured to calculate material removal rates and the quality of the polished surfaces characterized by measuring the microroughness within the polishing spots. Examples are presented which illustrate how the evaluation of polishing spots was used to develop MR fluids and operating conditions for calcium fluoride, CaF<SUB>2</SUB>, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KDP.
Enantioselective Allylic C−H Oxidation of Terminal Olefins to Isochromans by Palladium(II)/Chiral Sulfoxide Catalysis (2016)

Abstract The enantioselective synthesis of isochroman motifs has been accomplished by palladium(II)‐catalyzed allylic C−H oxidation from terminal olefin precursors. Critical to the success of this goal was the development and utilization of a novel chiral aryl sulfoxide‐oxazoline (ArSOX) ligand. The allylic C−H oxidation reaction proceeds with the broadest scope and highest levels of asymmetric induction reported to date (avg. 92 % ee , 13 examples with greater than 90 % ee ).
A feedback control approach to the estimation of patient airway and leak flow for Non-Invasive, Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) (2016)

Estimation of patient airway flow by remote sensing is a practical alternative in critical care ventilation to direct measurement using a flow sensor at the patient connection which can present a number of issues including fouling by patient secretions. This paper describes a new algorithm that estimates patient airway and leak flow for Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV). The estimator does not require any knowledge of the patient lung mechanics nor the use of measurement signal derivatives, but rather uses simple feedback control, measurements of the proximal pressure, ventilator inlet flow, and a nonlinear model of the connecting circuit. Unknown (disturbance) leaks occur during breath delivery, and these are further managed using a separate feedback controller that minimizes the averaged net flow for each breath. The combined controllers results in an effective integrated system that accurately tracks true airway flow with low noise and minimum bias, accurate accounting of patient leak, and improved patient data and breath triggering capability.
Genotypic assessment of isoniazid and rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a blind study at reference laboratory level (1997)

Progress in understanding the basis of resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RMP) has allowed molecular tests for the detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis to be developed. Consecutive isolates (n = 95) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, from a Spanish reference laboratory investigating outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, were coded and sent to two external laboratories for genotypic analysis of INH and RMP resistance by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of specific regions of four genes: part of the coding sequence of katG and the promoter regions of inhA and ahpC for INH and the RMP resistance region of rpoB. After correction for the presence of outbreak strains and multiple isolates from single patients, RMP resistance was detected successfully by PCR-SSCP in > 96% of the RMP-resistant strains. PCR-SSCP had a sensitivity of 87% for INH resistance detection, and mutations in katG, inhA, katG-inhA, ahpC, and katG-ahpC were identified in 36.8, 31.6, 2.6, 13.2, and 2.6%, respectively, of the unique strains. Specificity was 100%. Molecular detection of resistance to the two main antituberculous drugs, INH and RMP, can be accomplished accurately by using a strategy which limits analysis to four genetic regions. This may allow the expedient analysis of drug resistance by reference laboratories.
Sorbent-based recovery of sulfur from regeneration tail gases (1988)

This paper discusses the results of experimental/theoretical research on two novel process concepts for elemental sulfur production from regeneration tail gases. Both concepts utilize a highly efficient sodium/aluminum (Na/Al) based SO{sub 2} sorbent at elevated temperatures (800 to 1,000 K) and pressures (1 to 3 MPa). One concept involves sulfation of the Na/Al sorbent with the tail gas followed by regeneration with reducing gas to produce a suitable Claus plant feed. The other concept aims for single step sulfur production by reacting the tail gas with a small quantity of raw coal gasifier product gases over the sorbent.
Selective removal and recovery of phosphate in a novel fixed-bed process (1996)

This paper reports salient features of a new fixed-bed sorption process in regard to ultimate removal and recovery of phosphate from municipal and industrial wastewater. The sorbent, referred to as polymeric ligand exchanger(PLE), is essentially a copper(II) loaded specialty chelating polymer. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the PLE: can remove phosphate selectively from municipal and synthetic wastewater; is amenable to efficient regeneration; and provides opportunities to recover phosphate and reuse the spent regenerant for multiple numbers of cycles.
Automatic Characterization of Pelvic and Sacral Measures from 200 Subjects (2020)

An accurate and reproducible, automated technique for determining pelvic and acetabular orientation provides a way to characterize these measures as an aid in clinical diagnosis and preoperative planning.
Distributed storage allocation problems (2009)

We investigate the problem of using several storage nodes to store a data object, subject to an aggregate storage budget or redundancy constraint. It is challenging to find the optimal allocation that maximizes the probability of successful recovery by the data collector because of the large space of possible symmetric and nonsymmetric allocations, and the nonconvexity of the problem. For the special case of probability-1 recovery, we show that the optimal allocation that minimizes the required budget is symmetric. We further explore several storage allocation and access models, and determine the optimal symmetric allocation in the high-probability regime for a case of interest. Based on our experimental investigation, we make a general conjecture about a phase transition on the optimal allocation.
11,12-Secoprostaglandins. 3. 8-Alkylthio(sulfinyl and sulfonyl)-12-hydroxyalkanoic acids and related compounds (1977)

A series of 8-alkylthio(sulfinyl and sulfonyl)-12-hydroxyalkanoic acids which embody structural features of 11,12-secoprostaglandins was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to mimic the E series prostaglandins in stimulating cAMP formation in the mouse ovary and in binding to the rat lipocyte prostaglandin receptor. A key member of the series, 8-methylsulfonyl-12-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, markedly stimulated cAMP formation at reasonable pharmacological concentrations, shows significant affinity for a prostaglandin receptor, and effectively inhibits antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation. In contrast, this compound is not a substrate for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, the major prostaglandin-metabolizing enzyme.
Software tools for quantum control: Improving quantum computer\n performance through noise and error suppression (2020)

Manipulating quantum computing hardware in the presence of imperfect devices\nand control systems is a central challenge in realizing useful quantum\ncomputers. Susceptibility to noise limits the performance and capabilities of\nnoisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, as well as any future quantum\ncomputing technologies. Fortunately quantum control enables efficient execution\nof quantum logic operations and algorithms with built-in robustness to errors,\nwithout the need for complex logical encoding. In this manuscript we introduce\nsoftware tools for the application and integration of quantum control in\nquantum computing research, serving the needs of hardware R&D teams, algorithm\ndevelopers, and end users. We provide an overview of a set of python-based\nclassical software tools for creating and deploying optimized quantum control\nsolutions at various layers of the quantum computing software stack. We\ndescribe a software architecture leveraging both high-performance distributed\ncloud computation and local custom integration into hardware systems, and\nexplain how key functionality is integrable with other software packages and\nquantum programming languages. Our presentation includes a detailed\nmathematical overview of central product features including a flexible\noptimization toolkit, filter functions for analyzing noise susceptibility in\nhigh-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and new approaches to noise and hardware\ncharacterization. Pseudocode is presented in order to elucidate common\nprogramming workflows for these tasks, and performance benchmarking is reported\nfor numerically intensive tasks, highlighting the benefits of the selected\ncloud-compute architecture. Finally, we present a series of case studies\ndemonstrating the application of quantum control solutions using these tools in\nreal experimental settings for both trapped-ion and superconducting quantum\ncomputer hardware.\n
Use of the Microculture Kinetic Assay of Apoptosis to Determine Chemosensitivities of Leukemias (1998)

Chemotherapeutic agents exert their antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis. The microculture kinetic (MiCK) assay provides an automated, continuous means of monitoring apoptosis in a cell population. We used the MiCK assay to determine the chemosensitivities of the human promyelocytic HL-60 and lymphoblastic CEM cell lines and leukemia cells freshly isolated from patients with acute nonlymphocytic (ANLL) or acute lymphocytic (ALL) leukemias. Continuous monitoring of apoptosis in the MiCK assay permits determination of the time to the maximum apoptosis (Tm) and its two components which are initiation time (Ti) and development time (Td). Duration of the three timing components of apoptosis varies from hours to days depending on the drug, drug concentration, and type of target cells. In the MiCK assay, the extent of apoptosis is reported in kinetic units of apoptosis. Kinetic units are determined by the slope of the curve created when optical density caused by cell blebbing is plotted as a function of time. Using the leukemia cell lines, we define the relationship between kinetic units determined by the MiCK assay and the percentage of morphologically apoptotic cells in the culture. Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis in Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled preparations of HL-60 and CEM cells was also used to compare with data obtained by the MiCK assay. The feasibility of the MiCK assay of apoptosis as a chemosensitivity test was confirmed by its comparison with a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. We show that samples from 10 ANLL and ALL patients patients tested for sensitivity to various doses of idarubicin (IDR), daunorubicin (DNR), or mitoxantrone (MTA) gave the same percentages of apoptotic cells when calculated by the MiCK assay as when determined by morphological analysis. The MiCK assay was used for dose-response analyses of the sensitivities to IDR, DNR, and MTA of leukemia cells from 4 other patients (2 ANLL and 2 ALL). The results from both cell lines and patient samples indicate that ANLL cells are more sensitive than ALL cells to all three of these chemotherapeutic agents. However, for individual patients the chemosensitivities varied significantly among the three chemotherapeutic agents. These varying responses to IDR, DNR, and MTA indicate that the MiCK assay results can be of potential use in designing a treatment regimen for a specific patient with acute leukemia. Among several drugs of presumed similar efficacy, the MiCK assay can permit the selection of the specific chemotherapeutic agent that causes the most apoptosis in the patient's leukemic cells.