gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Executing Business Processes with Annotated Security Requirements in the Cloud (2011)

The design, deployment and execution of business process models and their associated security models is expensive and time consuming. This is because these activities usually involve multiple stakeholders that include business domain experts, security experts, web service developers and IT operations teams, and there is no streamlined development environment to allow these stakeholders to work collaboratively on a business process. We have developed a cloud-based model-driven development and execution environment called SSC4Cloud to provide a shared business process modeling workspace and a business process execution environment. More specifically, with the shared modeling workspace, business process models can be developed, refined and shared. Within the shared execution environment, a business process model is translated into a WS-BPEL based executable model, which is then assigned for execution in a virtual machine container from a shared machine cluster. The common model execution environment supports both business process execution and enforcement of the security requirements attached to the business process models.
How muscles recover from paresis and atrophy after intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A: Study in juvenile rats (2006)

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is a potent biological toxin widely used for the management of skeletal muscle spasticity or dynamic joint contracture. Intramuscular injection of BoNT-A causes muscle denervation, paresis, and atrophy. This clinical effect of botulinum toxin A lasts 3 to 6 months, and injected muscle eventually regains muscle mass and recovers muscle function. The goal of the present study was to characterize the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to neuromuscular junction (NMJ) regeneration and skeletal muscle functional recovery after BoNT-A injection. Fifty-six 1-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Botulinum toxin A was injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle at a dosage of 6 units/kg body weight. An equivalent volume of saline was injected into the right gastrocnemius muscle to serve as control. The gastrocnemius muscle samples were harvested from both hind limbs at 3 days, 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 180 days, and 360 days after administration of toxin. In addition, the gastrocnemius muscles from 1-month-old rats with no injections were harvested to serve as uninjected control group. Muscle samples were processed and mRNA was extracted. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene microarray technology were used to identify key molecules involved in NMJ stabilization and muscle functional recovery. More than 28,000 rat genes were analyzed and approximately 9000 genes are expressed in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Seven days following BoNT-A injection, 105 genes were upregulated and 59 genes were downregulated. Key molecules involved in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stabilization and muscle functional recovery were identified and their time course of gene expression following BoNT-A injection were characterized. This animal study demonstrates that following intramuscular injection of BoNT-A, there is a sequence of cellular events that eventually leads to NMJ stabilization, remodeling, and myogenesis and muscle functional recovery. This recovery process is divided into two stages (aneural and neural) and that the IGF-1 signaling pathway play a central role in the process.
<title>Fabrication of a full metal AFM probe and its applications for Si and InP device analysis</title> (1999)

Pyramidal metal tips which are fixed to a silicon cantilever have proven to be very powerful probe tips in electrical Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Although silicon is currently the cantilever material of choice for most applications, solid metal cantilevers are an interesting alternative due to their higher electrical conductivity and a more simplified fabrication procedure. Therefore, we have developed a process scheme for such full metal probes and evaluated them in AFM. This paper discusses the fabrication scheme in detail and presents first results concerning the application of the fabricated probes for semiconductor device analysis. Our experiments clearly show that operational full metal probes can be made on a large scale in a 150 mm silicon wafer technology. Using the optimized process, full metal probes can be fabricated which can compete in contact-mode AFM with pyramidal metal tips fixed to a silicon cantilever. Our work is currently focussing on further improvement of batch reproducibility.
Bioinspired networks with nanoscale memristive devices that combine the unsupervised and supervised learning approaches (2012)

This work proposes two learning architectures based on memristive nanodevices. First, we present an unsupervised architecture that is capable of discerning characteristic features in unlabeled inputs. The memristive nanodevices are used as synapses and learn thanks to simple voltage pulses which implement a simplified "Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity" rule. With system simulation, the efficiency of this scheme is evidenced in terms of recognition rate on the textbook case of character recognition. Simulations also show its extreme robustness to device variations. Second, we present a supervised architecture that can learn if the classification of every input is given. Simulations prove its efficiency. A good robustness to device variation is seen, but not to the level of the unsupervised approach. Finally, we show that both approaches can be combined, with variation robustness higher than in the supervised case. This opens important prospects, like the possibility to first train the system in an unsupervised way with unlabeled data, while still benefiting of the simplicity to program a supervised system.
Fully automated localization of multiple pelvic bone structures on MRI (2014)

In this paper, we present a fully automated localization method for multiple pelvic bone structures on magnetic resonance images (MRI). Pelvic bone structures are currently identified manually on MRI to identify reference points for measurement and evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Given that this is a time-consuming and subjective procedure, there is a need to localize pelvic bone structures without any user interaction. However, bone structures are not easily differentiable from soft tissue on MRI as their pixel intensities tend to be very similar. In this research, we present a model that automatically identifies the bounding boxes of the bone structures on MRI using support vector machines (SVM) based classification and non-linear regression model that captures global and local information. Based on the relative locations of pelvic bones and organs, and local information such as texture features, the model identifies the location of the pelvic bone structures by establishing the association between their locations. Results show that the proposed method is able to locate the bone structures of interest accurately. The pubic bone, sacral promontory, and coccyx were correctly detected (DSI > 0.75) in 92%, 90%, and 88% of the testing images. This research aims to enable accurate, consistent and fully automated identification of pelvic bone structures on MRI to facilitate and improve the diagnosis of female pelvic organ prolapse.
A Reconfigurable Bidirectional Wireless Power Transceiver for Battery-to-Battery Wireless Charging (2018)

Battery-to-battery (B2B) wireless charging can take place in many scenarios, such as using a mobile phone to charge another mobile phone, wearable devices, or low-power sensor nodes. To facilitate this wireless power transfer (WPT) function with the minimum additional cost, we propose a monolithic reconfigurable bidirectional WPT transceiver designed for the first time in CMOS, which can be reconfigured between a differential class-D power amplifier (PA) and a full-wave rectifier. Meanwhile, we employed a maximum current charging mode to maximize the B2B charging efficiency, by directly charging the loading battery with the rectifier, and by powering the PA with the sourcing battery. Then, we reduced the number of cascaded WPT stages from five in the conventional design to three. This bidirectional WPT transceiver fabricated in 0.35 μm CMOS occupies 3.9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of silicon area. The bidirectional WPT function, verified at 6.78 MHz with only one off-chip capacitor, exhibits peak efficiencies of 91.5% and 58.6% for the receiver and the overall system, respectively, when the output power is 1.55 W.
Performance of a superconducting cavity stabilized ruby maser oscillator (1987)

We first described an all-cryogenic oscillator system at the 1982 Applied Superconductivity Conference in Knoxville. This oscillator consists of a ruby cavity maser stabilized by a high-Q superconductor-on-sapphire resonator. The maser provides gain with very low noise and small power dissipation, while the sapphire substrate's thermal coefficient of expansion is 100 times smaller than that of superconducting metals. Having tested the major components and proved them satisfactory to the design, we have now assembled the first such oscillator and tested its performance in several preliminary configurations. The results of stability tests in a more advanced configuration will be reported. We shall describe this oscillator and shall report on its performance as a high-stability frequency source.
Large area thermal target board: An improvement to environmental effects and system parameters characterization (1994)

Recent field tests have provided excellent opportunities to use a new characterization tool associated with the Mobile Imaging Spectroscopy Laboratory (MISL) of the Battlefield Environment Directorate, formerly the U.S. Army Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory. The MISL large area (1.8 by 1.8 m, uniform temperature, thermal target) was used for characterization and isolation of phenomena which impact target contrast. By viewing the target board from closeup and distant ranges simultaneously with the MISL thermal imagers, the inherent scene content could be calibrated and the degrading effects of atmospheric propagation could be isolated. The target board is equipped with several spatial frequency bar patterns, but only the largest 3.5-cycle full area bar pattern was used for the distant range of 1.6 km. The quantities measured with the target board include the inherent background change, the contrast transmission, and the atmospheric modulation transfer function. The MISL target board has a unique design which makes it lightweight with near perfect transition between the hot and cold portions of the bar pattern. The heated portion of the target is an elongated rectangular even which is tilted back at a 30 deg angle to form a 1.8 by 1.8 m square when viewed from the front. The cold bars we positioned in front of the heated oven surface and can be oriented in either the vertical or horizontal direction. The oven is mounted on a lightweight trailer for one- or two-man positioning. An attached metal and canvas structure is used to shield the entire target from both solar loading and cooling winds. The target board has a thin aluminum sheet front surface which is insulated from the oven's heating structure.
Blob identification algorithms applied to laser speckle to characterize optical turbulence (2015)

Laser beam speckle resulting from atmospheric turbulence contains information about the propagation channel. The number and size of the speckle cells can be used to infer the spatial coherence and thus the C<sub><i>n</i></sub><sup>2</sup> along a path. The challenge with this technique is the rapidly evolving speckle pattern and non-uniformity of the speckle cells. In this paper we investigate modern blob counting techniques used in biology, microscopy, and medical imaging. These methods are then applied to turbulent speckle images to estimate the number and size of the speckle cells. Speckle theory is reviewed for different beam types and different regimes of turbulence. Algorithms are generated to calculate path C<sub><i>n</i></sub><sup>2</sup> from speckle information and path geometry. The algorithms are tested on speckle images from experimental data collected over a turbulent 1km path and compared to C<sub><i>n</i></sub><sup>2</sup> measurements collected in parallel.
Superresolution using gray level coding (2006)

In this paper we describe a super-resolving approach based upon gray level coding of the information. Thus, the imaged object should have limited number of gray levels. The proposed approach overcomes the resolution limitations caused either by the optics or by the finite size of the detector. In contrast to other existing super resolution techniques that use time or wavelength multiplexing, in this approach one does not need to pay neither in temporal nor in wavelength degrees of freedom, but in intensity dynamic range. After the gray coding and the imaging, the high frequency spatial resolution features are decoded using the decoding gray level lookup table.
Cone beam X-ray scatter removal via image frequency modulation and filtering (2005)

We have verified the theoretical validity of scatter removal via spatial frequency modulation. A disadvantage of the technique is that it will always produce a filtered image having at best 0.41 of the maximum detector resolution when maximum scatter rejection is desired. This is not a major consideration in most medical X-ray CB imaging applications using contemporary detector technology, especially since scatter often significantly reduces useful resolution.
No-cut thoracoscopic lung plication: a new technique for lung volume reduction surgery (1997)

These data suggest that minimally invasive surgical techniques coupled with a no-cut lung plication can achieve significant lung volume reduction with favorable postoperative morbidity and mortality. Lung plication appears to hold promise as an alternative technique of LVRS.
Spectrally resolved bioluminescence tomography with Huber-Markov random-field regularization (2010)

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is an emerging imaging technique for earlier disease detection, drug discovery, etc. However, BLT reconstruction is a severely ill-posed problem. Since multispectral information provides the depth information of bioluminescent source and improves the reconstruction quality, therefore, multispectral BLT has attracted much attention. In the paper, a Huber-Markov random-field regularization for multispectral BLT is incorporated into a Bayesian framework to reduce the ill-posedness of BLT and localize the bioluminescent source accurately. For practical application, the optimal permissible source region was used to reduce the ill-posedness and improve the computational efficiency. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm was validated by a heterogeneous 3-D micro-CT atlas and a mouse-shaped phantom. Reconstructed results demonstrate feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Advances in component fault trees (2018)

Component Fault Trees (CFTs) were invented in 2003 as a compositional extension to fault trees to better reflect the technical architecture of a system in its safety analysis model. Since then, a lot of research has been contributed regarding semantic extensions, evaluation techniques, and tighter linking between system and safety models. This paper addresses three main objectives. First, we summarize the most important contributions and shape a vision of better integrated system modeling and safety analysis. Second, we push forward standardization and sketch a new evaluation scheme for quantitative analysis using mdd. Lastly, an outlook on future improvement ideas is given to make CFTs a viable technique for loosely coupled systems and Cyber-Physical Systems.
Sustained Hydrogen Photoproduction by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - Effects of Culture Parameters (2001)

The green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is capable of sustained H2 photoproduction when grown under sulfur-deprived conditions. This ability is the result of partial inactivation of the photosynthetic O2-evolution activity in response to sulfur deprivation, which results in the establishment of an anaerobic environment in the culture due to oxidative respiration under continuous illumination. After 10-15 hours of anaerobiosis, sulfur-deprived algal cells induce the reversible hydrogenase and start evolving H2 in the light. Using a computer-monitored photobioreactor system, we investigated the behavior of sulfur-deprived algal cultures and found that (a) they transition through the following four consecutive phases: an aerobic phase, an O2-consumption phase, an anaerobic phase and a H2-production phase; (b) synchronization of cell division by light-and-dark cycles leads to earlier establishment of anaerobiosis in the cultures and to earlier onset of the H2-production phase; (c) re-addition of small quantities of sulfate (12.5 ? 50 m M MgSO4, final concentration) to the synchronized or unsynchronized cell suspensions results in an initial increase in culture density, a higher specific initial rate of H2 production, an increase in the length of the H2-production phase, and an increase in the total H2 output; and (d) increases in the optical culture density in the presence of 50 mM sulfate result in decreases in the initial specific rates of H2 production but in early starts of the H2-production phase. We discuss some of the biochemical reasons why sulfate re-addition affects H2 production.
Light-emitting diodes with omni-directional reflectors (2003)

There are two ways to attain near-perfect light extraction from a spontaneous light emitter, namely the use of a fully transparent structure or the employment of an omni-directional mirror reflecting light irrespective of wavelength and angle of incidence. Metallic layers are capable of reflecting light over a wide range of wavelengths and incident angles. The high-reflectivity band is limited to frequencies below the plasma frequency of the free electron gas. However, electron oscillations induced by the incident light waves not only result in reflection but also in absorption caused by electron–phonon scattering.
Immunization with Immune Complexes Modulates the Fine Specificity of Antibody Responses to a Flavivirus Antigen (2015)

Infections with flaviviruses such as yellow fever, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) viruses pose substantial public health problems in different parts of the world. Antibodies to viral envelope protein E induced by natural infection or vaccination were shown to confer protection from disease. Such antibodies can target different epitopes in E protein, and the fine specificities of polyclonal responses can differ between individuals. We conducted a mouse immunization study with TBE E protein alone or complexed to monoclonal antibodies specific for each of the three protein domains. We demonstrated that phenomena such as epitope shielding and antibody-induced structural changes can profoundly influence the fine specificity of antibody responses to the same immunogen. The study thus provided important new information on the potential immunomodulatory role of preexisting antibodies in a flavivirus system that can be relevant for understanding individual-specific factors influencing antibody responses in sequential flavivirus infections and/or immunizations.
Design and SAR of Novel Potassium Channel Openers Targeted for Urge Urinary Incontinence. 2. Selective and Potent Benzylamino Cyclobutenediones (2000)

A novel series of benzylamine, potassium channel openers (KCOs) is presented as part of our program toward designing new, bladder-selective compounds for the treatment of urge urinary incontinence (UUI). We have found that the in vitro potency of (R)-4-[3,4-dioxo-2-(1,2, 2-trimethyl-propylamino)-cyclobut-1-enylamino]-3-ethyl-benzo nitrile 1 in the relaxation of precontracted rat detrusor strips can also be obtained with cyanobenzylamine derivative 4 (IC(50) = 0.29 microM) (Figure 3). Addition of a 2-Cl substituted benzylamine moiety and changing the alkylamino substituent of 4 to a t-Bu amine gives 31 (IC(50) = 0.14 microM)-a compound with similar in vitro potency as 4 as well as relaxant activity on bladder smooth muscle in vivo when administered orally (31, ED(50) = 3 mg/kg) in a rodent model of bladder instability. Further modifications, particularly the replacement of the t-Bu amino substituent with a tert-amylamine, gave a similarly active compound 60 (IC(50) = 0.10 microM) which shows excellent in vivo efficacy (ED(50) = 0.6 mg/kg). Moreover, 60, 3-(2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-benzylamino)-4-(1, 1-dimethyl-propylamino)-cyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (WAY-151616), shows excellent tissue selectivity for bladder K channels over arterial tissue (60, MAP ED(20) = 100 mg/kg; selectivity: MAP ED(20)/bladder ED(50) = 166). Other manipulations of the benzylamino cyclobutenediones, acylation of the benzylamine, conversion of the benzylamine substituent to a benzamide, homologation of the benzylamine to a phenethylamine, and incorporation of a methyl group at the benzyl carbon, all led to substantial loss of in vitro activity, although some in vivo activity was maintained in the acylated analogues. Compound 60 represents an attractive candidate for development in the treatment of UUI.
Audio-visual grouplet (2011)

We investigate general concept classification in unconstrained videos by joint audio-visual analysis. A novel representation, the Audio-Visual Grouplet (AVG), is extracted by studying the statistical temporal audio-visual interactions. An AVG is defined as a set of audio and visual codewords that are grouped together according to their strong temporal correlations in videos. The AVGs carry unique audio-visual cues to represent the video content, based on which an audio-visual dictionary can be constructed for concept classification. By using the entire AVGs as building elements, the audio-visual dictionary is much more robust than traditional vocabularies that use discrete audio or visual codewords. Specifically, we conduct coarse-level foreground/background separation in both audio and visual channels, and discover four types of AVGs by exploring mixed-and-matched temporal audio-visual correlations among the following factors: visual foreground, visual background, audio foreground, and audio background. All of these types of AVGs provide discriminative audio-visual patterns for classifying various semantic concepts. We extensively evaluate our method over the large-scale Columbia Consumer Video set. Experiments demonstrate that the AVG-based dictionaries can achieve consistent and significant performance improvements compared with other state-of-the-art approaches.
Structure and antagonism of the receptor complex mediated by human TSLP in allergy and asthma (2017)

The pro-inflammatory cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is pivotal to the pathophysiology of widespread allergic diseases mediated by type 2 helper T cell (Th2) responses, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. The emergence of human TSLP as a clinical target against asthma calls for maximally harnessing its therapeutic potential via structural and mechanistic considerations. Here we employ an integrative experimental approach focusing on productive and antagonized TSLP complexes and free cytokine. We reveal how cognate receptor TSLPR allosterically activates TSLP to potentiate the recruitment of the shared interleukin 7 receptor α-chain (IL-7Rα) by leveraging the flexibility, conformational heterogeneity and electrostatics of the cytokine. We further show that the monoclonal antibody Tezepelumab partly exploits these principles to neutralize TSLP activity. Finally, we introduce a fusion protein comprising a tandem of the TSLPR and IL-7Rα extracellular domains, which harnesses the mechanistic intricacies of the TSLP-driven receptor complex to manifest high antagonistic potency.