gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Health Care System Decentralization Via Uberization, Concepts and Expected Efficiency Outcomes (2021)

Abstract Background: According to statistical studies, about 3.6 million Americans miss medical appointments each year because of difficulties with transportation to a healthcare facility, and the impact of missed primary care appointments is estimated at billions of dollars annually. The access of the patient to necessary services is restricted and the role and functions of a medical doctor as responsible key decision maker is significantly diminished. Key responsibilities are still on the shoulders of the medical doctor, but decision-making power is shifted to middleman administrative bodies. This split between the responsibilities and decision-making bodies is destructive for the service of medicine. The aim of this study is to create a new management model in the health care system. Methods: To develop a new model of management in the health care system, we conducted a blind survey among 1,700 patients. To optimize the health care system, a decentralization health careservice method is proposed via uberization. Results: The method may continue with providing the request to a responding healthcare provider and receiving a response from the responding healthcare provider. The method may continue with establishing a bidirectional communication between the patient and the responding healthcare provider in real-time and receiving a plan of actions to treat the patient from the responding healthcare provider. The method may continue with receiving, from the diagnostic and laboratory service, the real-time vital parameters of the patient and making the real-time vital parameters available to the patient and the responding healthcare provider in an electronic medical record database. Conclusion: On the basis of our developed model of decentralization of the healthcare system via uberization, the implementation of the proposed model will increase the efficiency and availability of medical services.
Stability of Borna disease virus‐based episomal vector under physical and chemical stimulation (2021)

Borna disease virus (BoDV), a nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA virus, establishes persistent infection and replicates in the cell nucleus. Since BoDV genomic RNA exists as episomal RNA, the host genome is not invaded by BoDV infection. These unique features make BoDV a promising gene delivery system as an RNA virus-based episomal vector (REVec). Previously, the stable expression of genes of interest in vitro and in vivo using a REVec was reported. For the clinical application of a REVec, the fundamental properties under various physical and chemical conditions must be determined to develop purification processes, supply chains, and biosafety management. This study investigated the effects of the following conditions on the inducibility of transmission-defective ΔG-REVec: freeze-thaw cycles, dehydration, UV, temperature, pH, and reagents for virucides and laboratory experiments. Although the titer of ΔG-REVec was not influenced by the freeze-thaw process or 5 minute incubation at ≤50°C, ΔG-REVec was significantly inactivated by incubation at ≥70°C for 5 minutes. The induction titer of ΔG-REVec was decreased by long-term incubation, dehydration, and UV irradiation in a temperature- and time-dependent manner. ΔG-REVec was sensitive to lower pH and inactivated by chemical reagents under general conditions. These results provide important knowledge for developing the clinical use of REVec and biosafety management.
<title>Novel spectroscopy-based technology for biometric and liveness verification</title> (2004)

This paper describes a new biometric technology based on the optical properties of skin. The new technology can perform both identity verification and sample authenticity based on the optical properties of human skin. When multiple wavelengths of light are used to illuminate skin, the resulting spectrum of the diffusely reflected light represents a complex interaction between the structural and chemical properties of the skin tissue. Research has shown that these spectral characteristics are distinct traits of human skin as compared to other materials. Furthermore, there are also distinct spectral differences from person to person. Personnel at Lumidigm have developed a small and rugged spectral sensor using solid-state optical components operating in the visible and very near infrared spectral region (400-940nm) that accurately measures diffusely reflected skin spectra. The sensors are used for both biometric determinations of identity as well as the determination of sample authenticity. This paper will discuss both applications of the technology with emphasis on the use of optical spectra to assure sample authenticity.
Multiple and tandemly arranged promoters of the cell wall protein gene operon in Bacillus brevis 47 (1989)

The genes encoding the major cell wall proteins, middle wall protein and outer wall protein, of Bacillus brevis 47 constitute a cotranscriptional unit (cwp [cell wall protein gene] operon). Primer extension assay of cwp operon transcripts showed the existence of six different 5' ends. This confirmed the results of the previous S1 nuclease protection assay and suggested the existence of several tandemly arranged promoters in the 5' region of the cwp operon. Promoter probe vectors carrying the Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase gene were constructed and used for deletion analysis of the 5' region. Three (P1, P2, and P3) of the six suggested promoters were shown to be located within three distinct fragments derived from the 5' region. The -35 and -10 regions of the P1 and P3 promoters resemble the consensus sequence recognized by the sigma-43-type RNA polymerase of Bacillus subtilis. The P2 promoter resembles only the consensus sequence in the -10 region. The P1 and P3 promoters were used to the same extents in Bacillus subtilis as in B. brevis, whereas the P2 promoter was used much less frequently in B. subtilis than in B. brevis. The P2 promoter is used constitutively in B. brevis 47 at all stages of growth, whereas P3 is used only at the exponential phase of growth. P2 could be a promoter of an unknown type that is preferentially used in B. brevis and might be responsible for the constitutive synthesis and secretion of the cell wall proteins into the medium at the stationary phase of growth.
A stem cell fusion model of carcinogenesis. (2005)

The origin of cancer remains enigmatic. Current models of carcinogenesis based on the gene mutation hypothesis have limitations in explaining many aspects of cancer. We put forward a new model of multistage carcinogenesis and propose that cancer development involves gene mutations and cell fusions. Specifically, cancer can result from a fusion between an "altered" pre-malignant cell and a bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMDSC). "Aneuploidy", which is a hallmark of malignancy, is a direct consequence of this cell fusion. The "stem cell fusion" model explains the remarkable similarities between malignant cells and BMDSC. This model also explains why non-mutagens can be carcinogens, and why non-mutagenic processes, such as wound healing and chronic inflammation, can promote malignant transformation. This model is readily testable. Cancer has been difficult to treat because of tissue heterogeneity and gene instability. However, if the malignant characteristics of cancer cells are derived from BMDSC, new conserved targets such as homing receptors for designing novel therapies may emerge.
Possibility of multivariate function composed of plasma amino acid profiles as a novel screening index for non-small cell lung cancer: a case control study (2010)

This study shows that plasma amino acid profiling will be a potential screening tool for NSCLC.
Silicon heterojunction solar cells with effectively transparent front contacts (2017)

Enhanced current density and efficiency through microscale triangular cross-section effectively transparent contacts (ETCs).
Aneka: Next-Generation Enterprise Grid Platform for e-Science and e-Business Applications (2007)

In this paper, we present the design of Aneka, a .NET based service-oriented platform for desktop grid computing that provides: (i) a configurable service container hosting pluggable services for discovering, scheduling and balancing various types of workloads and (ii) a flexible and extensible framework/API supporting various programming models including threading, batch processing, MPI and dataflow. Users and developers can easily use different programming models and the services provided by the container to run their applications over desktop Grids managed by Aneka. We present the implementation of both the essential and advanced services within the platform. We evaluate the system with applications using the grid task and dataflow models on top of the infrastructure and conclude with some future directions of the current system.
A Dual-Source Organic Rankine Cycle (DORC) for Improved Efficiency in Conversion of Dual Low- and Mid-Grade Heat Sources (2009)

Detailed thermodynamic and systems analyses show that a novel hybrid cycle, in which a low-grade (and low-cost) heat source (340 K to 460 K) provides the boiling enthalpy and some of the preheating while a mid-grade source (500 K to 800 K) provides the enthalpy for the final superheating, can achieve dramatic efficiency and cost advantages. Four of the more significant differences from prior bi-level cycles are that (1) only a single expander turbine (the most expensive component) is required, (2) condenser pressures are much higher, (3) the turbine inlet temperature (even with a low-grade geothermal source providing much of the energy) may be over 750 K, and (4) turbine size is reduced. The latent heat of vaporization of the working fluid and the differences in specific heats between the liquid and vapor phases make full optimization (approaching second-law limits) impossible with a single heat source. When two heat sources are utilized, this problem may be effectively solved — by essentially eliminating the pinch point. The final superheater temperature must also be increased, and novel methods have been investigated for increasing the allowable temperature limit of the working fluid by 200 to 350 K. The usable temperature limit of light alkanes may be dramatically increased by (1) accommodating hydrogen evolution from significant dehydrogenation; (2) periodically or continually removing undesired reaction products from the fluid; (3) minimizing the fraction of time the fluid spends at high temperatures. Detailed simulation results are presented for the case where (1) the low-grade heat source (such as geothermal) is 400 K and (2) the mid-grade Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) heat source is assumed to be 720 K. For an assumed condensing temperature of 305 K and working fluid flow rate of 100 kg/s, preliminary simulations give the following: (1) low-grade heat input is 25 MWT; (2) mid-grade heat input is 24 MWT; (3) the electrical output power is 13.5 MWE; and (4) the condenser rejection is only 35 MWT. For comparison, with a typical bi-level ORC generating similar power from this geothermal source alone, the low-grade heat requirement would be ∼100 MWT.
Cloning and Characterization of the Bleomycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from <i>Streptomyces </i><i>v</i><i>erticillus</i> ATCC15003 (2002)

Bleomycin (BLM) biosynthesis has been studied as a model for hybrid peptide-polyketide natural product biosynthesis. Cloning, sequencing, and biochemical characterization of the blm biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces verticillus ATCC15003 revealed that (1) the BLM hybrid peptide-polyketide aglycon is assembled by the BLM megasynthetase that consists of both nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) modules; (2) BlmIX/BlmVIII/BlmVII constitute a natural hybrid NRPS/PKS/NRPS system, serving as a model for both hybrid NRPS/PKS and PKS/NRPS systems; (3) the catalytic sites appear to be conserved in both hybrid NRPS/PKS and nonhybrid NRPS or PKS systems, with the exception of the KS domains in the hybrid NRPS/PKS systems that are unique; (4) specific interpolypeptide linkers may play a critical role in intermodular communication to facilitate the transfer of the growing intermediates between the interacting NRPS and/or PKS modules; (5) post-translational modification of the BLM megasynthetase has been accomplished by a single PPTase with broad carrier protein specificity; and (6) BlmIV/BlmIII-templated assembly of the BLM bithiazole moiety requires intriguing protein juxtaposition and modular recognition. These results lay the foundation to investigate the molecular basis for intermodular communication between NRPS and PKS in hybrid peptide-polyketide natural product biosynthesis and set the stage for engineering novel BLM analogues by genetic manipulation of genes governing BLM biosynthesis.
Machine-Learning Model for the Prediction of Lithology Porosity from Surface Drilling Parameters (2020)

Abstract Introduction The accurate characterization of the lithology porosity is critical for geological interpretation and decision making in petroleum exploration. For this, wireline logging (including sonic, neutron porosity, and density, among other logs) is often used for the characterization of geophysical data performed as a function of wellbore depth. The common practice in the oil and gas industry is to perform the wireline logging for every new well, which is a lengthy and expensive operation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to use the historical logging data and surface drilling parameters to derive machine-learning (ML) models able to identify the different lithology classifications. Methodology We used historical logging data and surface drilling parameters to derive ML models to predict the following lithology classification: 1) porous gas, 2) porous wet, 3) tight sand, and 4) shaly sand. These models can predict these classifications without running wireline logs in the new wells. In this approach, the four lithology classifications are defined from the sonic, neutron porosity, gamma-ray, and density logs from historical data and are considered as the learning target/labels for the ML model. Therefore, the ML model learns the relationship between the surface drilling parameters and mud weight with their respective lithology classification. Finally, the model is capable of being executed in real-time, improving crew decision making. Results The results obtained from a stratified 5-fold cross-validation technique demonstrated that the random forest model was able to learn from the data with an accurate classification for the four lithology porosity categories. The derived ML model obtained an average of 89.66% and 89.20% for precision and recall, respectively. Novelty Although many studies have suggested the use of ML to imputing logging data, the inputs of these models are the data from other logs. Conversely, our proposed approach utilizes the wireline logging data only during the training of the model for assigning the porosity classification as labels. As such, the model learns the relationship between drilling parameters and the associated labels. This approach not only simplifies the learning of the ML but eliminates the need to run wireline logging in new wells, considerably reducing time and costs.
Morphogenesis of cement hydrate (2016)

As the most widely used synthetic material on the planet, concrete poses a serious societal concern regarding its significant environmental footprint.
Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers (2012)

Metamaterials (MM), artificial materials engineered to have properties that may not be found in nature, have been widely explored since the first theoretical1 and experimental demonstration2 of their unique properties. MMs can provide a highly controllable electromagnetic response, and to date have been demonstrated in every technologically relevant spectral range including the optical3, near IR4, mid IR5 , THz6 , mm-wave7 , microwave8 and radio9 bands. Applications include perfect lenses10, sensors11, telecommunications12, invisibility cloaks13 and filters14,15. We have recently developed single band16, dual band17 and broadband18 THz metamaterial absorber devices capable of greater than 80% absorption at the resonance peak. The concept of a MM absorber is especially important at THz frequencies where it is difficult to find strong frequency selective THz absorbers19. In our MM absorber the THz radiation is absorbed in a thickness of ~ λ/20, overcoming the thickness limitation of traditional quarter wavelength absorbers. MM absorbers naturally lend themselves to THz detection applications, such as thermal sensors, and if integrated with suitable THz sources (e.g. QCLs), could lead to compact, highly sensitive, low cost, real time THz imaging systems.
Design of a Wide-Angle Ophthalmoscope (1971)

A prototype of a wide-angle ophthalmoscope that will allow viewing the entire retina in a single image is described. The principles determining the design of a wide-angle ophthalmoscope are discussed. Photographs are presented, taken in experimental animals, of the aerial image of the fundus as visualized with this instrument.
A method of measuring field-gradient modulation shapes. Application to high-speed NMR spectroscopic imaging (1987)

A method is proposed for measuring waveforms of a time-varying field gradient used for high-speed NMR imaging. It utilises a self-encoding gradient which calibrates the gradient modulation to be measured. Results are obtained in the form of a time integral of the gradient waveform, which can be used directly for Tropper's image reconstruction. Spectroscopic one-dimensional imaging experiments have been performed using rectangular and cosine gradient modulationsl. It has been demonstrated that, in both cases, significant improvement can be achieved by making use of actually measured gradient modulations for the reconstruction. It has also been shown that in addition to Tropper's reconstruction, appropriate deconvolution is necessary to obtain images with less distortion in the case of cosine modulation.
Hexagonal Boron Nitride as a New Ultraviolet Luminescent Material and Its Application (2011)

Hexagonal boron nitride ( h BN), which is conventionally used as one of the best‐known heat‐resistant materials due to its high thermal and chemical stability, has recently been found as a highly luminous material in the far‐ultraviolet (FUV) region. This paper reviews the recent studies of h BN growth, optical properties, and device application development. In the case of highly pure crystals of h BN grown by the solvent growth method, the electronic excitation states near the band gap are governed by optically allowed exciton effects, which originate from the Jahn–Teller effect on the exciton series. The excitonic luminescence bands are utilized for an FUV plane light‐emitting device excited by field emitters to take advantage of the highly luminous character.
MIXED MULTILINEAGE CHIMERISM IN CD8-KNOCKOUT MICE FOLLOWING ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION WITH PARTIAL CONDITIONING (1998)

639 Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to achieve hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) chimerism could be a strategy for induction of donor specific tolerance to solid organ and cellular grafts, if the limitations of fully ablative conditioning could be overcome. We recently developed a mouse model to achieve HSC chimerism using partial ablative conditioning. 500cGy total body irradiation (TBI) is required to achieve mixed chimerism when 200mg/kg Cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally is administered two days after BMT. When anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was administered in vivo to condition the recipients the TBI dose was reduced to only 300 cGy. We report here that 300 cGy TBI in combination with Cyclophosphamide is sufficient to achieve durable multilineage engraftment in mice lacking CD8+-cells due to a genetic defect (C57BL/6 CD8atm/mak, CD8-KO) and that these mice are able to generate CD8+-cells following allogeneic BMT from a healthy donor. C57BL/6 CD8atm/mak (H2Kb) recipients and B10.BrSnJ (H2Kk) donor mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). CD8-KO mice were conditioned with 300 cGy TBI and received 15 × 106 B10.BrSnJ bone marrow cells within 4 hours after irradiation. Two days after BMT 200 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide was administered intraperitoneally. Engraftment was assessed by flowcytometry using class I anti-donor (H2Kk) and anti-recipient (H2Kb) mAb 28 days and 4 month following BMT. All of CD8-KO mice engrafted (n=16). The level of chimerism was 48.7% ± 18.1%(range 12.9% - 69.1%) 28 days and 18.7% ± 11.3% (range 9.5% - 33.5%) 4 month after BMT. B-cells, TCR+ T-cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells of donor as well as of host origin were present. CD8-KO mice also showed a clear population of CD8+ cells of donor origin in a follow up to 4 month, while no recipient CD8+-cells were detectable, demonstrating that positive selection mediated by class I molecules had taken place in the recipient. Strategies to achieve mixed donor/host chimerism with minimal morbidity may allow HSC chimerism to be applied to induce tolerance. The concept of HSC chimerism could provide an additional advantage for patients with genetic deficiencies as the cause of organ failure. Certain deficiencies of soluble enzymes or cell populations may be cured along with the induction of tolerance as the lack of CD8+-cells in CD8-KO mice.Figure
Power loss optimized field free line generation for magnetic particle imaging (2013)

First magnetic field measurements look promising and show excellent agreement with simulations. Power loss optimization realizes FFL imaging at moderate cooling effort. The gain of sensitivity is directly going to improve image quality. The next step is the complete scanner assembling.
Inductive-detection electron-spin resonance spectroscopy with 65 spins/Hz sensitivity (2017)

We report electron spin resonance spectroscopy measurements performed at millikelvin temperatures in a custom-built spectrometer comprising a superconducting micro-resonator at 7 GHz and a Josephson parametric amplifier. Owing to the small (∼10−12λ3) magnetic resonator mode volume and to the low noise of the parametric amplifier, the spectrometer's single shot sensitivity reaches 260 ± 40 spins/echo translating into 65±10 spins/Hz for repeated acquisition.
Antiviral activities of isometric dideoxynucleosides of D- and L-related stereochemistry (1995)

In summary, many isomeric analogs of ddNs of both D-related and L-related absolute stereochemistries have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activities. A few of these compounds exhibit potent antiviral activity and, interestingly, belong to both the D and L families. The synthetic methodologies developed will allow accessibility to many more novel modified nucleosides. While some structure-activity relationships are emerging from this work, it is clear that these chiral isomeric nucleosides have opened a new chapter in the field of antiviral nucleosides.
Antifungal peptides produced by Bacillus subtilis for the biological control of aflatoxin contamination (1991)

Iturin A, antifungal lipopeptide reported by Peypoux and Isogai, was isolated from submerged culture of Bacillus subtilis NK 330 and its growth inhibitory activity toward aflatoxigenic fungus A. parasiticus NRRL 2999 was investigated. At 50 ppm of iturin A in the medium, the toxin production was completely inhibited while the growth of A. parasiticus was partially restricted. In contrast, the same amount of cycloheximide showed no significant influence on the toxin production by this fungus.