gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Capon beamforming (2003)

The Capon beamformer has better resolution and much better interference rejection capability than the standard (data-independent) beamformer, provided that the array steering vector corresponding to the signal of interest (SOI) is accurately known. However, whenever the knowledge of the SOI steering vector is imprecise (as is often the case in practice), the performance of the Capon beamformer may become worse than that of the standard beamformer. We present a natural extension of the Capon beamformer to the case of uncertain steering vectors. The proposed robust Capon beamformer can no longer be expressed in a closed form, but it can be efficiently computed. Its excellent performance is demonstrated via a number of numerical examples.
Treatment of Hydrogen Sulfide Waste Gas: Annual Report for Fiscal Year 1990 (1990)

Conventional technology for the treatment of hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S) waste gas converts the H{sub 2}S to elemental sulfur and water. A new technique using microwave energy to form a nonequilibrium plasma converts the H{sub 2}S to elemental sulfur and valuable hydrogen gas. The new technology is described, and the results of experimental work and economic evaluations are presented. The effects of other gas species on the H{sub 2}S plasma are also considered. This new technology has a long-term potential for saving 40 to 90 {times} 10{sup 12} Btu/yr in the refining industry, which translates into an economic savings of $500 to 1000 {times} 10{sup 6}/yr. Furthermore, this technology also appears to produce fewer environmental emissions than does conventional technology. 7 refs., 12 figs., 12 tabs.
Pregnancy Interception with a Combination of Prostaglandins: Studies in Monkeys (1983)

Treatment with combinations of synthetic prostaglandins, one with an ovarian site of action and one with a uterine site of action, terminated pregnancy in all rhesus monkeys given the injection on day 28 of fertile menstrual cycles. Single prostaglandins, even at higher doses, interrupted pregnancy in only one-third of the monkeys. The most effective treatment, 5-oxa-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor prostaglandin F1 alpha methyl ester plus 9-deoxo-16,16-dimethyl-9-methylene prostaglandin E2, promptly intercepted early pregnancy after a single administration and without side effects.
A Photochromic Liquid Crystal System (2002)

Deep Purple, a new photoactive group: The combination of a heteroaromatic diarylethene core (shown in the graphic) separated from mesogenic cyanobiphenyl groups by alkyl spacers allows the synthesis of photochromic liquid crystalline systems with nematic and smectic C phase behaviour between room temperature and 80 °C.
Enhancement of cellulose saccharification kinetics using an ionic liquid pretreatment step (2006)

Hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose in aqueous media catalyzed by the cellulase enzyme system suffers from slow reaction rates due in large part to the highly crystalline structure of cellulose and inaccessibility of enzyme adsorption sites. In this study, an attempt was made to disrupt the cellulose structure using the ionic liquid (IL), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, in a cellulose regeneration strategy which accelerated the subsequent hydrolysis reaction. ILs are a new class of non-volatile solvents that exhibit unique solvating properties. They can be tuned to dissolve a wide variety of compounds including cellulose. Because of their extremely low volatility, ILs are expected to have minimal environmental impact on air quality compared to most other volatile solvent systems. The initial enzymatic hydrolysis rates were approximately 50-fold higher for regenerated cellulose as compared to untreated cellulose (Avicel PH-101) as measured by a soluble reducing sugar assay.
Electrical Conductivity in Doped Polyacetylene (1977)

Doped polyacetylene forms a new class of conducting polymers in which the electrical conductivity can be systematically and continuously varied over a range of eleven orders of magnitude. Transport studies and far-infrared transmission measurements imply a metal-to-insulator transition at dopant concentrations near 1%.
La propolis : origine, composition et propriétés (2012)

Propolis is a resinous substance gathered by honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) which biochemical composition depends on botanical sources. This review gives a no exhaustive list of different types of studied propolis around the world with its main constituents. Both several biological and/or therapeutic effects from propolis and/or its main constituents are reviewed. Finally, although the promising interest, a work is needed to establish the quality criteria of propolis.
High efficiency optical system design for a liquid crystal projector (2000)

This paper presents a high efficiency optical system for a liquid crystal projector. The F number of the illumination system with or without a micro lens array on the LCD panels, and color separation system has been optimized and the system provides a bright and high quality image.
Mimicking biological neurons with a nanoscale ferroelectric transistor (2018)

Neuron is the basic computing unit in brain-inspired neural networks. Although a multitude of excellent artificial neurons realized with conventional transistors have been proposed, they might not be energy and area efficient in large-scale networks. The recent discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide (HfO2) and the related switching phenomena at the nanoscale might provide a solution. This study employs the newly reported accumulative polarization reversal in nanoscale HfO2-based ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) to implement two key neuronal dynamics: the integration of action potentials and the subsequent firing according to the biologically plausible all-or-nothing law. We show that by carefully shaping electrical excitations based on the particular nucleation-limited switching kinetics of the ferroelectric layer further neuronal behaviors can be emulated, such as firing activity tuning, arbitrary refractory period and the leaky effect. Finally, we discuss the advantages of an FeFET-based neuron, highlighting its transferability to advanced scaling technologies and the beneficial impact it may have in reducing the complexity of neuromorphic circuits.
Vector-Doppler ultrasound for the detection of internal bleeding (2005)

A vector Doppler (VDop) ultrasound system uses a transmitter and a spatially separated pair of receivers to measure bistatic scattering from blood. VDop has two principal advantages over color-flow Doppler in identifying internal bleeding: (1) measures flow direction, and thus absolute magnitude of flow velocity (2) does not require special orientation to detect and measure flow, thus can measure flows perpendicular to the transmitter. Our hypothesis is that real-time flow direction and magnitude can be used to detect and characterize internal bleeding. A real-time vector Doppler system has been built and tested in vitro. The system is capable of measuring flow magnitude and direction up to 145 cm/s at a depth of 3.6 cm at a processing rate of 10 Hz. Accuracy was measured using a calibrated moving string phantom and the system performs well within a useful range. A blood flow phantom was developed to mimic arterial flow into an open cavity as well as into tissue and replicate both pulsatile flow as well as the energy storage due to vascular elasticity. Flow signature data is gathered under conditions of normal branching flow, and vessel breach. The talk will describe the VDop system and the flow phantom and summarize results.
Coupling Paper-Based Microfluidics and Lab on a Chip Technologies for Confirmatory Analysis of Trinitro Aromatic Explosives (2014)

A new microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) in conjunction with confirmation by a lab on chip analysis was developed for detection of three trinitro aromatic explosives. Potassium hydroxide was deposited on the μPADs (0.5 μL, 1.5 M), creating a color change reaction when explosives are present, with detection limits of approximately 7.5 ± 1.0 ng for TNB, 12.5 ± 2.0 ng for TNT and 15.0 ± 2.0 ng for tetryl. For confirmatory analysis, positive μPADs were sampled using a 5 mm hole-punch, followed by extraction of explosives from the punched chad in 30 s using 20 μL borate/SDS buffer. The extractions had efficiencies of 96.5 ± 1.7%. The extracted explosives were then analyzed with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer lab on a chip device with minimum detectable amounts of 3.8 ± 0.1 ng for TNB, 7.0 ± 0.9 ng for TNT, and 4.7 ± 0.2 ng for tetryl. A simulated in-field scenario demonstrated the feasibility of coupling the μPAD technique with the lab on a chip device to detect and identify 1 μg of explosives distributed on a surface of 100 cm(2).
DESIRE: Distant Future Prediction in Dynamic Scenes with Interacting Agents (2017)

We introduce a Deep Stochastic IOC RNN Encoderdecoder framework, DESIRE, for the task of future predictions of multiple interacting agents in dynamic scenes. DESIRE effectively predicts future locations of objects in multiple scenes by 1) accounting for the multi-modal nature of the future prediction (i.e., given the same context, future may vary), 2) foreseeing the potential future outcomes and make a strategic prediction based on that, and 3) reasoning not only from the past motion history, but also from the scene context as well as the interactions among the agents. DESIRE achieves these in a single end-to-end trainable neural network model, while being computationally efficient. The model first obtains a diverse set of hypothetical future prediction samples employing a conditional variational autoencoder, which are ranked and refined by the following RNN scoring-regression module. Samples are scored by accounting for accumulated future rewards, which enables better long-term strategic decisions similar to IOC frameworks. An RNN scene context fusion module jointly captures past motion histories, the semantic scene context and interactions among multiple agents. A feedback mechanism iterates over the ranking and refinement to further boost the prediction accuracy. We evaluate our model on two publicly available datasets: KITTI and Stanford Drone Dataset. Our experiments show that the proposed model significantly improves the prediction accuracy compared to other baseline methods.
Experimental Validation of a Nonlinear MPC Strategy for a Wave Energy Converter Prototype (2016)

One of the major limitations to the development of advanced wave energy converters (WECs) control strategies are the associated computational costs. For instance, model predictive control (MPC) strategies have the potential to obtain almost optimal performance, provided that the imperfect power conversion in the power take-off (PTO) system is correctly taken into account in the optimization criterion and that the incoming wave force can be estimated and forecast. However, demanding computational requirements as well as the unresolved issue of wave force estimation have so far prevented real-time implementation and validation of such MPC strategies. In this paper, we present the successful experimental results obtained on a scaled-down prototype of the well-known Wavestar machine. Performance comparisons are provided for nonlinear MPC versus a reference PI controller.
Enforced Bcl-2 expression overrides serum and feeder cell requirements for mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal (2005)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is required, but not sufficient, for pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell expansion in vitro in the absence of serum or a feeder cell layer, suggesting that additional signals are provided by serum or feeders that are necessary to support self-renewal. Here we show that transgenic ES cell lines expressing Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, continue to self-renew in serum- and feeder-free conditions when supplemented with LIF; even in the absence of bone morphogenic proteins. Bcl-2-expressing clones sustain the characteristics of undifferentiated, pluripotent ES cells during long-term culture, and maintain their potential to differentiate into mature cell types. These results suggest that LIF and Bcl-2 overexpression are sufficient to expand these mouse pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
Detection and quantification of soluble asialoglycoprotein receptor in human serum (1995)

We describe the first evidence that soluble asialoglycoprotein receptors (AGPR) are present in human serum and that they are quantifiable by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An affinity chromatography gel immobilized with monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against human liver AGPR was mixed with normal sera, and the bound fraction was analyzed both by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by Western blot analysis. Immunoreactive bands corresponding to 35 to 40 kd were obtained, which were lower than those of liver AGPR (41 kd and 46 kd). Soluble AGPR in human serum was able to bind to D-galactose-immobilized beads, indicating that the soluble AGPR remained ligand-binding activity. In order to quantify soluble AGPR, we established an ELISA using a monoclonal antibody (30220 McAb)-immobilized microplate and horseradish peroxidase-labeled F(ab')2 of another monoclonal antibody (30201 McAb). Reproducibility of intra- and interassay of the ELISA were 4% to 14% and 7% to 14%, respectively. Analytical recoveries ranged from 93% to 99%. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.1 micrograms/L. By nonparametolic analysis, a median and a 90% tile of serum AGPR level obtained from 283 normal volunteers were 0.4 micrograms/L and 2.4 micrograms/L, respectively.
AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors Irradiated with 17 MeV Protons (2008)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with GaN cap layers were irradiated with high-energy protons to doses up to . There was no significant degradation in dc electrical parameters such as drain–source current and extrinsic transconductance of the HEMTs up to a fluency of . At the highest dose of there was a decrease of in and a decrease in . The data are consistent with the introduction of defect centers in the HEMT structure by the high-energy protons leading to a reduction in carrier concentration and mobility in the two-dimensional electron gas channel. These results show that AlGaN/GaN HEMTs are attractive for space-based applications where high-energy proton fluxes are present.
Overcoming Fundamental Limitations in Adsorbent Design: Alkene Adsorption by Non‐porous Copper(I) Complexes (2020)

Abstract Purifying alkenes from alkanes requires cryogenic distillation. This consumes energy equivalent to countries of ca. 5 million people. Replacing distillation with adsorption processes would significantly increase energy efficiency. Trade‐offs between kinetics, selectivity, capacity, and heat of adsorption have prevented production of an optimal adsorbent. We report adsorbents that overcome these trade‐offs. [Cu‐Br] 3 and [Cu‐H] 3 are air‐stable trinuclear complexes that undergo reversible solid‐state inter‐molecular rearrangements to produce dinuclear [Cu‐Br⋅(alkene)] 2 and [Cu‐H⋅(alkene)] 2 . The reversible solid‐state rearrangement, confirmed in situ using powder X‐ray diffraction, allows adsorbent design trade‐offs to be overcome, coupling low heat of adsorption (−10 to −17 kJ mol −1 alkene ), high alkene:alkane selectivity (47; 29), and uptake capacity (>2.5 mol alkene mol −1 Cu3 ). Most remarkably, [Cu‐H] 3 displays fast uptake and regenerates capacity within 10 minutes.
Localization of sound sources with known statistics in the presence of interferers (2016)

Methods are available for simultaneous localization of multiple (unknown) audio sources using microphone arrays. Typical algorithms aim at localizing all active sources. They moreover require that the number of sources is known and is less than or equal the number of microphones. This constraint cannot be satisfied in many reallife situations and noisy environments. We present an algorithm for localizing an audio source with known statistics in a multi-source environment. The proposed method circumvents the mentioned problems by using a phase-preserving signal extraction method on the input signal. A binary mask is estimated and used to retain only the information of the target source in the original microphone signals. The masked signals are fed to a modified version of a conventional localization algorithm, which now localizes only the target source. Experimental results obtained from real recordings show that the proposed method can successfully detect and localize the target source.
Wireless liquid level sensing for restaurant applications (2003)

Since restaurants often make much of their profits on drinks, it is critical for servers to offer refills in a timely fashion. We propose wireless liquid level sensing glassware to aid in this task. Specially instrumented glassware detects fluid levels via a high-resolution capacitance measurement. A coil embedded in the table inductively couples power to the glasses, and provides a path for data exchange. Our prototype glass uses a standard microprocessor and a small number of passive components, making it extremely inexpensive.
Symbol synchronization in OFDM system for time selective channel conditions (2003)

Typically symbol synchronization in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been carried out using correlation and a training symbol like in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) or in two parts as in Digital Terrestrial Video Broadcasting (DVB-T). In DVB-T first the robust synchronization is searched by using guard interval correlation structure. After that a fine symbol synchronization is performed using scattered pilots. DVB-T methods are typically designed for fixed reception. In this paper the performances of the above mentioned algorithms are investigated and simulated in a mobile channel.
Score Resistance, Hardness and Performance of Diffused Copper-Nickel-Tin Bearings (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Current production steel-back copper-lead bearings contain a nickel-barrier layer between the lead-tin babbitt overplate and copper-lead intermediate layer. When these bearings are used in heavy-duty engines the nickel-barrier layer changes composition via diffusion of tin into the nickel. When the journal wears through the thin babbitt into the modified nickel-barrier layer scoring distress occurs.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The copper-nickel-tin ternary system was studied. Its liquidus isothermal phase diagram was developed; intermetallic compounds were located; hardness and score resistance maps were generated; and the copper-nickel-lead-tin quaternary composition of actual field bearings as a function of depth through the barrier layer was examined.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A new tri-metal nickel-tin-copper barrier was developed which changes the composition of the barrier to have acceptable score resistance and hardness. An engine test in which coolant is added to the engine oil until scoring distress occurs was devised to simulate the distress encountered in service. The new tri-metal barrier bearing outperformed all other materials tested.</div>
A Kinetic Approach to the Catalytic Oxidation of Mercury in Flue Gas (2006)

Four mercury oxidation catalysts were tested in a packed bed reactor in the presence of flue gas generated by the NETL 500 lb/h coal combustor. The four catalysts tested were Ir, Ir/HCl, Darco FGD activated carbon, and Thief/HCl. The Thief/HCl and Darco converted the highest percentage of the inlet mercury; however, the high conversion in these experiments was aided by larger catalyst loadings than in the Ir and Ir/HCl experiments. We propose a method for analyzing mercury oxidation catalyst results in a kinetic framework using the bulk reaction rate for oxidized mercury formation normalized by either the catalyst mass or surface area. Results reported for fractional mercury oxidation are strongly influenced by the specific experimental conditions and are therefore difficult to translate from experiment to experiment. The catalyst-normalized results allow for more quantitative analysis of mercury oxidation catalyst data and are the first step in creating a predictive model that will allow for efficient scaling up from laboratory-scale to larger-scale studies.
An approach to identify new genes in autoimmune diseases: lessons from rheumatoid arthritis. (2000)

We have searched the human genome for genes that predispose to rheumatoid arthritis using fluorescence-based microsatellite marker analysis and affected sib-pair linkage studies. A panel of 41 Japanese families, each with at least two affected siblings, was typed for genome-wide 358 polymorphic microsatellite marker loci. Three principal chromosome regions of linkage, D1S253/214, D8S556 and DX1232, have been assigned, which we call RA1, RA2 and RA3 for rheumatoid arthritis disease loci. We are now assigning the death receptor 3 as a candidate gene for RA1, and the truncated form of Dbl proto-oncogene, which does not contain the 23rd and 24th exons, as disease gene for RA3. Microsatellite marker analyses seem to be promising and new genes are now being identified by reference to sequence tag sites.
Rare-earth-doped polymer optical waveguide amplifiers (2000)

The optical properties and characteristics of rare earth- doped polymers have been studied to evaluate their viability for use in optical amplifiers. Rare earth ions are encapsulated in organic, covalently bonded chromophores. The optical properties of various rare earth chromophores doped into polymers are measured and calculated and are then used in numerical simulations of amplifiers and lasers. The result provide an estimate of their potential device performance and establish the fundamental bases for applications in photonics. Owing to their distinct advantages, such as chromophore energy transfer effects, high rare earth ion concentrations, shielding of the ion form high energy vibrations of the host, enhanced optical transition moments and controllable decay rates and branching ratios, rare earth-doped polymers are found to be promising candidates for various device applications. Numerical simulations for samarium and europium doped polymers indicate that gains about 10 dB and greater are achievable in relatively short polymer optical fiber and waveguide amplifiers. Studies of the dependence of metastable state lifetime of rare earth doped polymer systems on doping concentrations reveal that rare earth chromophores dissociation occurs at low concentrations. These results are used to optimize the parameters of our rare earth doped polymer optical waveguide amplifiers.
A family of spread-sequences for CDMA system in a multipath fading channel (2003)

A new class of orthogonal code-division multiple access (CDMA) system is developed. The key characteristic of the system is that the data symbols are spreaded by a spread-sequence that is longer than the period of the symbol and hence overlapped with the neighboring symbols. Using this approach, temporal diversity is incorporated with other diversities. Due to the temporal diversity, the proposed CDMA system performs well in a fading environment. In this paper, a method for designing such a spread-sequence using filter bank theory is presented. The length of the spread-sequence could be varied according to the requirement. Simulation results show that the proposed spread-sequence based system yields lower BER than the conventional Gold codes based DS/CDMA system.
Inhibition of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> Biofilm by Oxantel (2009)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis and exists in a biofilm on the surface of the tooth root. Oxantel, a cholinergic anthelmintic and fumarate reductase inhibitor, significantly inhibited biofilm formation by P. gingivalis and disrupted established biofilms at concentrations below its MIC against planktonic cells. Oxantel was more effective against P. gingivalis in biofilm than metronidazole, a commonly used antibiotic for periodontitis.