gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making Sense of Sequence (2000)

A series of articles describe the results of the Drosophila Genome Annotation Assessment Project (www.fruitfly.org/GASP/), a collaboration of 12 research groups formed to evaluate computational tools currently available for the analysis of genome sequence. All of these groups were examining the same sequence, 2.9 Mb centered on the Adh gene of Drosophila. This region has been studied extensively for 20 years and is known to include genes of varying complexity, including one with 30 exons and some that were located within the introns of other genes. The groups used computer programs to develop predictions based on ab initio gene identification, promoter recognition, EST and cDNA alignment, protein similarity, repetitive sequence identification, and gene function.
Deep Learning for Computer Vision (2017)

Deep Learning is not just a keyword abuzz in the industry and academics alike, it has thrown open a whole new field of possibilities. Deep Learning models are being employed in all sorts of use cases and domains, some of which we saw in the previous chapters. Artificial neural networks have tremendous potential to learn complex non-linear functions, patterns, and representations and their power is driving research in multiple fields, including computer vision, audio-visual analysis, chatbots and natural language understanding, to name a few. In this chapter, we touch on some of the advanced areas in the field of computer vision, which have recently come into prominence with the advent of Deep Learning. This includes real-world applications like image categorization and classification and they very popular concept of image artistic style transfer. Computer vision is all about the art and science of making machines understand high-level useful patterns and representations from images and video so that it would be able to make intelligent decisions similar to what a human would do upon observing its surroundings. Building on core concepts like convolutional neural networks and transfer learning, this chapter provides you with a glimpse into the forefront of Deep Learning research with several real-world case studies from computer vision.
Development of an Efficient Process Towards the Benzimidazole BYK308944: A Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of a Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (2009)

An entirely new synthesis of the important benzimidazole building block BYK308944 was elaborated using the Stobbe reaction as central element. BYK308944 constitutes an important intermediate for the preparation of 3,6,7,8-tetrahydrochromeno[7,8-d]imidazoles as potassium-competitive acid blockers. The new route relies on the hydroxymethylation of 1,2-dimethylimidazole as cheap starting material followed by oxidation of the corresponding alcohol and Stobbe condensation of the resulting aldehyde with diethyl succinate. All synthetic steps of this new approach were optimized particularly with the goal to establish a process amenable for large-scale preparation.
APNEA list mode data acquisition and real-time event processing (1997)

The LMSC Active Passive Neutron Examinations and Assay (APNEA) Data Logger is a VME-based data acquisition system using commercial-off-the-shelf hardware with the application-specific software. It receives TTL inputs from eighty-eight {sup 3}He detector tubes and eight timing signals. Two data sets are generated concurrently for each acquisition session: (1) List Mode recording of all detector and timing signals, timestamped to 3 microsecond resolution; (2) Event Accumulations generated in real-time by counting events into short (tens of microseconds) and long (seconds) time bins following repetitive triggers. List Mode data sets can be post-processed to: (1) determine the optimum time bins for TRU assay of waste drums, (2) analyze a given data set in several ways to match different assay requirements and conditions and (3) confirm assay results by examining details of the raw data. Data Logger events are processed and timestamped by an array of 15 TMS320C40 DSPs and delivered to an embedded controller (PowerPC604) for interim disk storage. Three acquisition modes, corresponding to different trigger sources are provided. A standard network interface to a remote host system (Windows NT or SunOS) provides for system control, status, and transfer of previously acquired data. 6 figs.
Genetic and Environmental Variation in Starch Content, Starch Granule Distribution and Starch Polymer Molecular Characteristics of French Bread Wheat (2021)

This study investigates genetic and environmental variation in starch content and characteristics of 14 French bread cultivars. Understanding the impact of these factors on wheat quality is important for processors and especially bakers to maintain and meet the requirements of industrial specifications. Different traits were evaluated: starch content, distribution of starch granules, percentage of amylose and amylopectin and their molecular characteristics (weight-average molar mass, number-average molar mass, polydispersity and gyration radius). Genetic, environment and their interaction had significant effects on all parameters. The relative magnitude of variance attributed to growth conditions, for most traits, was substantially higher (21% to 95%) than that attributed to either genotype (2% to 73%) or G × E interaction (2% to 17%). The largest environmental contribution (95%) to total variance was found for starch dispersity. The highest genetic influence was found for the percentage of A-type starch granules. G × E interaction had relatively little influence (≈7%) on total phenotypic variance. All molecular characteristics were much more influenced by environment than the respective percentages of amylose and amylopectin were. This huge difference in variance between factors obviously revealed the importance of the effect of growing conditions on characteristics of cultivars.
Techniques de débitmétrie polyphasique non intrusive. Revue bibliographique (1991)

Cet article présente les différentes techniques de débitmétrie polyphasique non intrusive décrites dans la littérature du domaine public. Ces techniques sont considérées du point de vue de leur application dans le cadre de la production pétrolière sous-marine (mélange eau/huile/gaz). A partir d'une analyse des différentes méthodes physiques qui peuvent être utilisées, des perspectives d'avenir sont proposées.
Primary myogenic cells see the light: Improved survival of transplanted myogenic cells following low energy laser irradiation (2008)

Our data show that the use of low energy laser irradiation (LELI), a non-surgical tool, is a promising means to enhance both the survival and functionality of transplanted primary myogenic cells.
Cytogenetic damage and the radiation-induced G1-phase checkpoint. (1996)

It is proposed that genomic integrity is preserved after DNA damage in a variety of ways. X irradiation induces a p53-dependent G1-phase cell cycle checkpoint which putatively allows time for repair of DNA damage. The p53 protein is also involved in the initiation of apoptosis after radiation-induced DNA damage, presumably leading to the elimination of lethally damaged cells from the irradiated population. To test the hypothesis that repair occurs in the additional time provided by the activation of the G1-phase checkpoint, we investigated whether the presence of a G1-phase arrest modified the frequency and type of chromosomal rearrangements at the first mitosis after irradiation. Isogenic cell lines derived from the same human glioma cell line, but differing in p53 status, were used. Purified G1-phase cells, isolated by centrifugal elutriation and X-irradiated, were studied. The wild-type p53 cell line demonstrated a dose-dependent arrest during G1 phase, as determined by flow cytometry. These cells remained in G1-phase as long as 48 h after irradiation. Cells expressing a dominant-negative p53 mutation accumulated to a much lesser extent in G1 phase after irradiation. Cells lacking the G1-phase checkpoint showed increased survival at all radiation doses. There were no significant differences in the type or frequency of total chromosomal aberrations in mitotic cells from either cell line after 1,2,4 or 6 Gy X rays, as measured by conventional cytogenetic analysis. There was an increase, however, in the number of reciprocal translocations in mitotic cells with mutant p53 (lacking a G1-phase checkpoint), as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization with a chromosome 4-specific DNA library, but only after 6 Gy. The results suggest that the presence of a well-defined p53-dependent G1-phase arrest does not reduce chromosomal aberrations caused by low doses of ionizing radiation markedly, but may reduce the overall degree of survival by triggering other G1-phase events.
Facile Reduction of a Dialkyl Zirconium(<scp>IV</scp>) Octaethylporphyrin (OEP) Complex by H<sub>2</sub>: Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Characterization of [(OEP)ZrCH<sub>2</sub>SiMe<sub>3</sub>] (1994)

The unusual stability of [(OEP)ZrCH2SiMe3] (1), which formally contains a ZrIII center and is formed by reaction of [(OEP)Zr(CH2SiMe3)2] with H2, is best explained by considering two resonance structures, a ZrIII metal-based radical and a zwitterionic porphyrin radical anion. OEP (octaethylporphyrin) is denoted by a circle in the formulas shown on the right.
Garlic: Source of the Ultimate Antioxidants—Sulfenic Acids (2008)

Die medizinische Wirkung von Knoblauch, die zumindest teilweise in der antioxidativen Wirkung seiner schwefelhaltigen Sekundärmetabolite begründet sein soll, ist seit Jahrhunderten bekannt. Die Fähigkeit von Knoblauch, Peroxylradikale abzufangen, kann mithilfe transienter Sulfensäuren verstanden werden, die vermutlich durch diffusionskontrollierten protonengekoppelten Fünfzentren-Elektronentransfer reagieren (siehe Schema und Übergangszustand). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reverse-time migration of offset vertical seismic profiling data using the excitation-time imaging condition (1986)

Abstract To apply reverse-time migration to prestack, finite-offset data from variable-velocity media, the standard (time zero) imaging condition must be generalized because each point in the image space has a different image time (or times). This generalization is the excitation-time imaging condition, in which each point is imaged at the one-way traveltime from the source to that point.Reverse-time migration with the excitation-time imaging condition consists of three elements: (1) computation of the imaging condition; (2) extrapolation of the recorder wave field; and (3) application of the imaging condition. Computation of the imaging condition for each point in the image is done by ray tracing from the source point; this is equivalent to extrapolation of the source wave field through the medium. Extrapolation of the recorded wave field is done by an acoustic finite-difference algorithm. Imaging is performed at each step of the finite-difference extrapolation by extracting, from the propagating wave field, the amplitude at each mesh point that is imaged at that time and adding these into the image space at the same spatial locations. The locus of all points imaged at one time step is a wavefront [a constant time (or phase) trajectory]. This prestack migration algorithm is very general. The excitation-time imaging condition is applicable to all source-receiver geometries and variable-velocity media and reduces exactly to the usual time-zero imaging condition when used with zero-offset surface data. The algorithm is illustrated by application to both synthetic and real VSP data. The most interesting and potentially useful result in the processing of the synthetic data is imaging of the horizontal fluid interfaces within a reservoir even when the surrounding reservoir boundaries are not well imaged.
Zoom techniques for achieving scale invariant object tracking in real-time active vision systems (2007)

In a manually operated visual tracking system, a camera operator follows an object of interest by moving the camera, then gains additional details about the object by zooming in. As the active vision field progresses, the ability to automate such a system is nearing fruition. One hurdle limiting the deployment of real-time visual tracking systems is in the object recognition algorithms that often have restrictive scale and pose requirements. If those conditions are not met, the performance of the system rapidly degrades to failure. The ability of an automatic fixation system to capture quality video of a non cooperative moving target is strongly related to the response time of the mechanical pan, tilt, and zoom platform. However, the price of such a platform rises with its performance. The goal of this work is to investigate the feasibility and issues that arise when using inexpensive off-the-shelf components in the development of a visual tracking system that provides scale-invariant tracking. One of the main challenges is in the zooming action. Optical zoom acts as a measurement gain, amplifying both resolution and tracking error. Previous work has shown that adding a second camera with fixed focal length can assist the zooming camera if it loses fixation, effectively bounding the error. Furthermore, optical zoom has a longer time-constant than digital zoom. This work proposes a dual camera hybrid zoom configuration where digital zoom is combined with optical zoom to achieve a behavior closer to an ideal zooming action.
The design of 802.11b WLAN baseband processor (2003)

The architecture of a baseband processor designed for IEEE 802.11b wireless local area network (WLAN) is described in the paper. The main theme is focused on synchronization, acquisition and complementary code keying (CCK) demodulation. A special transposed architecture of the correlator is investigated, which will be utilized during synchronization and acquisition. The antenna lock technique during acquisition is also described here. The CCK demodulator is implemented with fast Walsh transform (FWT), followed by a symbol decision module, which is designed with a novel algorithm and can be implemented with much less hardware.
Traffic Engineering with Segment Routing: SDN-Based Architectural Design and Open Source Implementation (2015)

Traffic Engineering (TE) in IP carrier networks is one of the functions that can benefit from the Software Defined Networking paradigm. However traditional per-flow routing requires a direct interaction between the SDN controller and each node that is involved in the traffic paths. Segment Routing (SR) may simplify the route enforcement delegating all the configuration and per-flow state at the border of the network. In this work we propose an architecture that integrates the SDN paradigm with SR based TE, for which we have provided an open source reference implementation. We have designed and implemented a simple TE/SR heuristic for flow allocation and we show and discuss experimental results.
Semiconductor microcavity as a spin-dependent optoelectronic device (2004)

We demonstrate experimentally that stimulated scattering of exciton--polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity in the strong coupling regime results in a dramatic build-up of the circular polarization degree of light emitted by the cavity. Moreover, we show that the polarization of the emitted light can be different from the polarization of the pumping light, e.g., pumping with a linearly polarized beam we detect a circularly polarized emission. This proves that the stimulated scattering of polaritons selects and amplifies a given polarization and inhibits all spin-relaxation processes. We believe that strong coupling microcavities can be used as building blocks for spin-dependent optoelectronic devices aimed at manipulations with the polarization of light on a micro- to nano-scale.
Object-Associated Telepointer for Real-Time Collaborative Document Editing Systems (2006)

Telepointers are a real-time groupware interface feature to indicate where other users are pointing. None of existing telepointer techniques, however, is capable of tracking the reference object and preserving the relative position in the face of dynamic content and view changes in real-time collaborative document editing systems. In this paper, we report a novel object-associated telepointer (OAT) technique with the following features in the face of dynamic content and view changes: (1) relocating telepointers to track the reference object; (2) preserving the position relative to the reference object; and (3) providing feedback of the telepointer relocation to the local user with a virtual local cursor. The key technique for supporting OAT is to extend the operational transformation technique with a generic Refer operation to support adjusting the reference object position. The OAT technique has been implemented in the CoWord system based on the transparent adaptation approach so that it can provide the OAT support to a range of realtime collaborative applications.
Polyelectrolyte Membranes Containing Lithium Malonato(difluoro)borate for Lithium-Ion Systems (2011)

A new salt, lithium malonato(difluoro)borate (LiMDFB), and two similar analogues, were synthesized and incorporated into polymer electrolyte membranes to investigate the bulk and interfacial properties as both a binary salt system and a single-ion conducting electrolyte for lithium ion batteries. Symmetric lithium/lithium cells were assembled with membranes composed of polyethylene oxide (PEO) doped with LiMDFB analogues along with LiTFSI for comparison. Conductivities and exchange current densities were determined from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and the interfacial impedance was shown contribute significantly to the overall impedance for LiMDFB cells.
Phase I Clinical Pharmacology Study of F14512, a New Polyamine-Vectorized Anticancer Drug, in Naturally Occurring Canine Lymphoma (2015)

This trial demonstrated that F14512 can be safely administered to dogs with lymphoma resulting in strong therapeutic efficacy. Additional evaluation of F14512 is needed to compare its efficacy with standards of care in dogs, and to translate biomarker and efficacy findings into clinical trials in humans.
Characterization and Optimization of the Bonding Forces of a Novel Silicon Nanowire Gecko Biomimetic Adhesive S1910 (2010)

Objectives/Goals The method by which geckos climb smooth vertical walls confounded scientists for over 100 years, until the discovery in 2000, that gecko feet are coated with millions of tiny hairs several nanometers in diameter. When a gecko foot is pressed to a surface the pliability of the tiny hairs permits them to draw close enough to the opposing surface to activate intermolecular bonding forces, allowing the gecko to adhere. In this project the bonding properties of a silicon nano-wire biomimetic gecko adhesives were characterized and its bonding forces optimized. Methods/Materials In this project five sets of experiments were completed in order to: Determine the impact of moisture on the adhesion mechanisms of a gecko setae mimicking silicon nano-wire surface. Discover if there is a correlation between the adhesion strength of silicon nano-wires and the surface energy of the opposing substrate. Determine if the adhesion of a silicon nano-wire covered surface to biological surfaces is sufficient for use in medical applications. Investigate the reusability of the nano-wire surface. Become the first human to hang on a wall using a nano-fiber based dry adhesive. Results It was found that capillarity forces caused by water evaporating off of the silicon nano-wires increased adhesion force by a factor of almost 7x compared to applying the nano-wire surface dry. It was also determined that as the contact angle of a surface increases, the strength of adhesion to the silicon nano-wire surface decreases. On a smooth wetted low contact angle glass surface , adhesion forces above 10 N/cm2 were measured, greater than the adhesive force of most geckos. Adhesion forces of the silicon nano-wires to biological surfaces such as cow intestine and pig skin were found to be high enough to fail cohesively. Conclusions/Discussion Silicon Nano-wire surfaces can adhere to biological samples with forces high enough to cause cohesive failure of the tissue, making medical applications for targeted drug delivery or bandages and clamps that stick to moist biological tissue feasible. Also, based on optimized bonding conditions determined during the course of this study, the first documented suspension of a human from a vertical wall using nano-fiber adhesion was successfully demonstrated.
Migration of LHRH neurons into the spinal cord: evidence for axon‐dependent migration from the transplanted chick olfactory placode (2002)

In the chick embryo, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons originate in the olfactory placode and migrate along the olfactory nerve to the forebrain. In previous studies, we demonstrated that LHRH neurons followed the trigeminal nerve when the olfactory nerve was physically interrupted. To examine whether LHRH neurons possess the capacity to migrate along the different type of axons, the olfactory placode was transplanted into the base of the forelimb. Three to five days after the transplantation, LHRH neurons were detectable in the spinal nerve, the dorsal root ganglion, the sympathetic ganglion and the spinal cord. Double or triple labelling studies for LHRH, somatostatin and/or axonin-1 showed that LHRH neurons entered the spinal nerve in contact with the olfactory axons, which are specifically immunoreactive to somatostatin. Migrating LHRH neurons continued to associate closely with the olfactory axons in the spinal nerve. However, some LHRH neurons often migrated along with the axonin-1 positive spinal sensory axons, maintaining a distance from the olfactory axons. Furthermore, a few LHRH neurons were observed in the ventral root and the ventral funiculus independent of olfactory axons. As LHRH neurons were observed in the motor component of the spinal nerve, it is probable that LHRH neurons also invaded the spinal cord using the motor axons as a guiding substrate for their migration. These results suggest that the migration mode of LHRH neurons is axon dependent in the peripheral region, however, chemical identity with regard to axonal substrate choice for migration was not specified in the present study.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Enaminones with Carboxamidines: A Convenient Route for the Synthesis of Polyaza Heterocycles. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hybrid Analog/Digital Linearization of GaN HEMT-Based Power Amplifiers (2018)

In this paper, we describe a hybrid analog/digital linearization scheme for GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT)-based power amplifiers that consists of a novel analog feedforward circuit and a conventional generalized memory polynomial (GMP) digital predistorter (DPD). The analog circuit implements a nonlinear filter that compensates the long-term memory effects observed in GaN HEMTs due to the self-biasing behavior caused by electron-trapping phenomena. Experimental tests demonstrate that this linearization scheme achieves a level of intermodulation distortion 6.8 dB better than what can be achieved with just the use of the GMP DPD. This level of distortion is in compliance with the linearity specifications for multicarrier Global System for Mobile communications base station transmitters.