gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopy of Matrices and Thin Films with an Integrating Sphere (1989)

The paper describes a novel experimental approach to improving sensitivity to weak absorption in matrix isolation and thin film spectroscopy. The matrix or film is grown on the surface of an integrating sphere, in which the multiply reflected light correspondingly multipasses the sample film. The quantitative photometric behavior of the sphere is satisfactorily described by extending standard theory. Enhancement of absorption by a factor of at least 20 is possible and is demonstrated. The sphere has a number of useful advantages over other multipass techniques, particularly in matrix isolation spectroscopy.
ESTIMATING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND EMISSIONS FROM PUBLICLY OWNED TREATMENT WORKS. (1987)

Namkung and Rittman presented a timely paper on an issue of increasing concern to individuals in both the water and air quality communities. The significance of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions from publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) was addressed in several recent studies, many of which lead to conflicting conclusions.14 A new era of air pollution control regulations based on risk analysis for exposure to airborne carcinogens may draw additional attention to POTWs in the near
Effects of fabrication conditions on the characteristics of etanidazole spray-dried microspheres (2002)

Etanidazole, a hypoxic radiosensitizer, has potential applications in radiotherapy. Due to its high solubility in water, common methods to encapsulate etanidazole into microspheres are not feasible. In this study, a spray-drying technique was employed to encapsulate etanidazole into the biodegradeable polymer, PLGA65:35. Different fabrication conditions, such as polymer concentration, inlet temperature, feed rate, compressed air flow rate, aspirator ratio, as well as drug-loading were investigated to understand their effects on the particle size and distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and release behaviour. The effect on the morphologies of microspheres were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was demonstrated that most of these fabrication conditions influence either the droplet formation process or its subsequent evaporation and particle shrinking process, thereby determining the properties of the microspheres obtained. In many cases, temperature seems to be more important among all the factors considered. The present study demonstrates good fabrication conditions for producing the etanidazole-PLGA65:35-microspheres by using DCM as a solvent. The release of etanidazole from the spray dried PLGA65:35 microspheres was very fast, with an initial burst of 47% within the first 30 min and a cumulative release of over 80% within the first 5.5 h. The encapsulation efficiency of the drug in the microspheres varied with operating conditions from 69-96%.
Role of external fibrillation in pulp and paper properties (2007)

The purpose of this thesis was to clarify the role of external fibrillation in pulp and paper properties. If the degree of external fibrillation could be controlled and the role of external fibrillation were known, this would provide better possibilities for utilizing the full potential of fibrous material.\n\nExternal fibrillation caused by refining is inevitable, but its role has not been clearly explained, because conventional refiners produce a variety of simultaneous effects, such as internal fibrillation, external fibrillation, straightening or curling of fibers and fines formation. Therefore, a special type of refiner was required for evaluating the specific role of external fibrillation. An ultra-fine friction grinder consisting of two grinding stones was found to overcome the limitation related to conventional refiners.\n\nUsing the grinder, it was possible to promote external fibrillation while keeping the internal fibrillation and curl constant. An increase in external fibrils attached to fibers was found to increase the retention of filler during sheet forming in a high-vacuum dewatering device. Promoting the degree of external fibrillation contributed to strengthening the bonding layer between fibers, resulting in improved tensile strength and internal bond strength. Recycling reduced fiber swelling and paper strength, but for externally fibrillated fibers this loss was restored by refining more than for internally fibrillated fibers, even beyond the swelling and strength of the nonrecycled fibers. Increasing external fibrillation alone was found to play an important role in fiber and paper properties, so it can be used as means to control those properties more effectively.
A metodologia de projetos como estratégia de aprendizagem na educação profissional e tecnológica (2012)

Este artigo faz uma análise do Programa Miniempresa como Metodologia de Projetos, aplicado na disciplina de Práticas de Gestão do Curso Técnico em Administração do Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa utilizou-se um questionário para avaliar, de acordo com a escala Likert de cinco pontos, os graus de importância e desempenho de seis aspectos da metodologia de ensino: interesse pelo curso, aprendizagem significativa, interdisciplinaridade, satisfação com a atuação dos professores/advisers, formação de competências, método de avaliação/feedback. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam gaps (lacunas) para os seis aspectos pesquisados, destacando-se o interesse dos alunos pelo curso e a satisfação com a atuação dos advisers que obtiveram a maior diferença entre a opinião dos alunos e dos advisers. Após a análise, verificou-se que o Programa Miniempresa cumpre as três etapas da metodologia de projetos, porém, com base nos dados levantados, inferiu-se que não há o diálogo-problematizador necessário para motivar e envolver os alunos no projeto.\n\n \n
Modulation of Human Periodic Interdigestive Gastrointestinal Motor and Pancreatic Function by the Ileum (1993)

Following ingestion of a meal, unabsorbed nutrients may reach the distal intestine partly after the termination of the prandial period, i.e., in the presence of interdigestive motor and secretory patterns. To determine if interdigestive motility and pancreatic enzyme secretion are modulated by the delivery of nutrient into the ileal lumen, six fasting volunteers were intubated with an oroileal multilumen tube system that permitted multiple small intestinal manometry, gastric and duodenal aspiration, and perfusions of marker and test solutions. Ileal perfusions of nutrient or saline solutions were started during phase I of the interdigestive motility cycle. Ileal perfusion with carbohydrate or lipids increased the duration of motor quiescence and decreased the length of the interdigestive cycle, mainly by decreasing the proportion of phase II activity compared with ileal saline (p < 0.01). Pancreatic outputs of amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin prior to ileal perfusions were low because, due to the protocol, perfusions were started during phase I. With ileal saline, enzyme outputs increased (p < 0.05) in association with the occurrence of phase II motility, as expected. By contrast, ileal carbohydrate and triglyceride perfusion prevented the phase II-associated increase in enzyme outputs (p < 0.05). The data suggest that the presence of nutrients within the ileal lumen may modulate interdigestive motor and pancreatic functions.
Design and Implementation of Tourism Big Data Analysis Platform (2021)

Since the advent of the Internet, the main parts of tourism information processing and transaction are processed by electronic means. Therefore, on the Internet, there will be many electronic traces of tourists related to tourism, including tourism decision-making, tourism process and tourism feedback. In recent years, many scholars in China have carried out some theoretical studies on the suitability of national park recreation and ecotourism, recreation planning and recreation management mechanism. However, the literature on the concept, classification and structural elements of recreation space is still insufficient. The traditional way of data collection and collation is far from meeting the requirements of big data. The urgent task is to upgrade and optimize the existing system and database.
Epitaxial growth mechanisms of AlN on SiC substrates at room temperature (2007)

Epitaxial AlN films have been grown on atomically flat 6H-SiC (0001) and 4H-SiC (0001) substrates at room temperature (RT), and their growth mechanisms have been investigated. It has been revealed that the growth of AlN at RT proceeds in a layer-by-layer mode from the initial stage. During the growth, AlN nucei have an equilateral triangular shape probably due to the anisotropy in growth rates. The triangular AlN nuclei at the adjacent terraces formed on the 6H-SiC substrates are rotated by 60°, whereas the triangular AlN nuclei on the 4H-SiC were formed in the same direction on all of the terraces. This phenomenon can be explained by the difference in the arrangement of the atoms for the topmost layers.
Inhibitory Mechanism of the CXCR4 Antagonist T22 against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection (1999)

ABSTRACT We recently reported that a cationic peptide, T22 ([Tyr 5,12 , Lys 7 ]-polyphemusin II), specifically inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection mediated by CXCR4 (T. Murakami et al., J. Exp. Med. 186:1389–1393, 1997). Here we demonstrate that T22 effectively inhibits replication of T-tropic HIV-1, including primary isolates, but not of non-T-tropic strains. By using a panel of chimeric viruses between T- and M-tropic HIV-1 strains, viral determinants for T22 susceptibility were mapped to the V3 loop region of gp120. T22 bound to CXCR4 and interfered with stromal-cell-derived factor-1α–CXCR4 interactions in a competitive manner. Blocking of anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibodies by T22 suggested that the peptide interacts with the N terminus and two of the extracellular loops of CXCR4. Furthermore, the inhibition of cell-cell fusion in cells expressing CXCR4/CXCR2 chimeric receptors suggested that determinants for sensitivity of CXCR4 to T22 include the three extracellular loops of the coreceptor.
Modification of silica gel, cellulose, and polyurethane with a sterically hindered <i>N</i>‐halamine moiety to produce antimicrobial activity (2007)

Abstract The sterically hindered amine monomer 4‐[3‐triethoxysilylpropoxyl]‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine has been synthesized and covalently bonded to the surfaces of silica gel particles and cellulose (cotton) and copolymerized in a polyurethane coating formulation. Upon exposure to dilute sodium hypochlorite (household bleach), a very stable N ‐Cl bond is formed in situ at the hindered amine nitrogen site. This source of oxidative chlorine provides an antimicrobial function to the silica gel, cotton, and polyurethane. Stability, regenerability, and biocidal efficacy data are presented. The new N ‐halamine materials were remarkably effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in brief periods of contact. The materials should find application in water treatment and medical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Characterization of YmgF, a 72-Residue Inner Membrane Protein That Associates with the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cell Division Machinery (2008)

Formation of the Escherichia coli division septum is catalyzed by a number of essential proteins (named Fts) that assemble into a ring-like structure at the future division site. Many of these Fts proteins are intrinsic transmembrane proteins whose functions are largely unknown. In the present study, we attempted to identify a novel putative component(s) of the E. coli cell division machinery by searching for proteins that could interact with known Fts proteins. To do that, we used a bacterial two-hybrid system based on interaction-mediated reconstitution of a cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling cascade to perform a library screening in order to find putative partners of E. coli cell division protein FtsL. Here we report the characterization of YmgF, a 72-residue integral membrane protein of unknown function that was found to associate with many E. coli cell division proteins and to localize to the E. coli division septum in an FtsZ-, FtsA-, FtsQ-, and FtsN-dependent manner. Although YmgF was previously shown to be not essential for cell viability, we found that when overexpressed, YmgF was able to overcome the thermosensitive phenotype of the ftsQ1(Ts) mutation and restore its viability under low-osmolarity conditions. Our results suggest that YmgF might be a novel component of the E. coli cell division machinery.
La guerra y los naipes: el órdago de cómo se hace una novela (2021)

Este artículo examina la relación de Unamuno con la guerra, desde sus primeros escritos hasta su muerte en 1936, haciendo hincapié en los años del exilio (1924-1930), cuando Unamuno se centra en sublimar el concepto de la guerra con el fin de transformarlo en la base de su filosofía interpersonal. El artículo analiza el papel que desempeñan los juegos de naipes, concretamente el solitario y el mus, tanto en este proceso de sublimación, como en la guerra verbal entre Unamuno y el dictador Miguel Primo de Rivera.
Hypergraph-Based Anomaly Detection of High-Dimensional Co-Occurrences (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of detecting anomalous multivariate co-occurrences using a limited number of unlabeled training observations. A novel method based on using a hypergraph representation of the data is proposed to deal with this very high-dimensional problem. Hypergraphs constitute an important extension of graphs which allow edges to connect more than two vertices simultaneously. A variational expectation-maximization algorithm for detecting anomalies directly on the hypergraph domain without any feature selection or dimensionality reduction is presented. The resulting estimate can be used to calculate a measure of anomalousness based on the false discovery rate. The algorithm has O(np) computational complexity, where n is the number of training observations and p is the number of potential participants in each co-occurrence event. This efficiency makes the method ideally suited for very high-dimensional settings, and requires no tuning, bandwidth or regularization parameters. The proposed approach is validated on both high-dimensional synthetic data and the Enron email database, where p > 75,000, and it is shown that it can outperform other state-of-the-art methods.
An Omni‐Healable and Highly Sensitive Capacitive Pressure Sensor with Microarray Structure (2018)

Capacitive pressure sensors with high flexibility, sensitivity, and excellent healable properties are desirable for a wide variety of applications, such as e-skin. However, implementing these characteristics onto a device presently remains a great challenge. In this work, a flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity and strong healable properties has been developed based on healable polyurethane (HPU), silver nanowires and graphene. The HPU-based microstructured capacitive pressure sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 1.9 kPa<sup>-1</sup> (<3 kPa), a fast response time (<100 ms), low detection limit (10 Pa), and long-term durability (1000 cycles). Touch-finger and vocal-cord vibration detection have been demonstrated and exhibit a high sensitivity to both static and dynamic pressure. More notably, the entire pressure sensor including the dielectric layer and electrodes is omni-healable after complete separation. The prototype has experimentally shown tremendous potential for wearable, healable applications, such as healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.
Periodic Nanoneedle and Buffer Zones Constructed on a Titanium Surface Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Calcification In Vivo (2015)

Rapid and effective bone mineralization at the bone/implant interface is required for successful orthopedic and dental implants. In this study, two periodic microscale functionalized zones on titanium (MZT) are created, namely, nanoneedle zones and buffer zones. The aim of this design is to provide spatially regulated topographical cues on titanium to enhance the efficacy of bone regeneration. This goal is achieved using a versatile and effective technique in which nanoneedle structures are hydrothermally constructed on the surface of titanium sheets, after which selective laser irradiation is used to construct buffer zones. The zonal structures of the MZT overcome the suppressive effect of the nanoneedle film on osteoblasts. Additionally, the MZT exhibits zone-selective apatite deposition and protein adsorption. The accelerated in vitro osteoblast differentiation and nodule deposition on the MZT are confirmed. Elemental analysis of the bone nodules formed by the osteoblasts growing on the titanium and MZT demonstrates they have different compositions. Histological and scanning electron microscope analysis of the bone formation on in vivo implants shows that this process is also enhanced by the MZT implant. The concept of constructing functionalized zones on titanium implant could facilitate future research on improving the design of orthopedic and dental implant surfaces.
Microsoft Teams Up for EU R&D (2004)

Corporate Strategy Microsoft Corp. is pursuing a different path with its new applied RD it employs around 80 researchers. The center in Vedbaek, Denmark, is devoted to business software development; formerly part of Navision A/S, which Microsoft acquired in 2002, it employs nearly 700 software engineers. The smaller Dublin, Ireland, development center is devoted to product localization. EU Applied Research One of the key reasons for launching the new German center, Courtois said, is to participate in applied research projects sponsored by the European Union (EU) and national governments in Europe. EMIC is already active in several EU-sponsored projects involving web services for e-health and e-learning, security and privacy and network technologies. The Cocoon project, for instance, aims to create networked communities within health-care systems with an eye toward improving risk-management opportunities. It has attracted a string of companies, including Telecom Italia SpA, Siemens Informatica SpA, and the European Dynamics Advanced Systems of Telecommunications, Informatics and Telematics SA. The European Learning Grid Infrastructure (E-LeGI) project intends to develop software technologies for effective human learning, while the TrustCM project seeks to create a framework for trust, security and contract management in rapidly evolving virtual organizations that provide collaborative services or develop complex industrial products. All these projects are part of the Integrated Projects and Networks of Excellence project, which is funded through the EU's 6th Framework for Research and Technological Development. The program runs from 2002 to 2006. Its budget, which was initially set at 17.5 billion euros ($20.3 billion), rose to 19 billion euros as a result of EU enlargement on May 1. The 7th Framework Programme is expected to span the period from 2006 to 2010. The EU has proposed a budget of 40 billion euros ($49 billion). Integrated Projects involve a variety of individual steps that, depending on project scope, include R&D demonstrations, the exploitation and application of knowledge, exchange of personnel, and knowledge transfer. …
Dynamic Range Enhancements in Radar Systems (2006)

The extension of existing Radar and Electronic Surveillance Measures (ESM) systems dynamic range is integral to the Electro-Magnetic Remote Sensing (EMRS) Defence Technology Centre (DTC) requirement for current sensors to see deeper into clutter (i.e. see small targets in the presence of large clutter levels e.g. urban clutter). The rationale behind this requirement is that this additional capability greatly enhances the utility of military and commercial systems.
Multiple phase centre DPCA for airborne radar (2002)

The performance of airborne displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) systems with two or more receive phase centers is studied. The detection capability of these radar systems is examined in terms of signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) as a function of target radial speed. The results indicate that DPCA can perform better than a single phase center radar (in terms of SIR). For ideal DPCA with optimal processing, an important factor in detecting the slowest possible target is not the number of receive phase centers but the maximum separation between the outermost receive phase centers. Increasing the number of phase centers, however, has an effect on the dim speeds of the system. With the binomial canceller, increasing the number of phase centers enlarges the blind speed nulls and may degrade the performance of DPCA. Internal motion degrades the performance of DPCA. The sensitivity of DPCA to increased number of phase center separation, or increased number of phase centers, in the presence of internal motion is scenario dependent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Targeting Macrophages in Cancer: From Bench to Bedside (2018)

Macrophages are a major component of the tumor microenvironment and orchestrate various aspects of immunity. Within tumors, macrophages can reversibly alter their endotype in response to environmental cues, including hypoxia and stimuli derived from other immune cells, as well as the extracellular matrix. Depending on their activation status, macrophages can exert dual influences on tumorigenesis by either antagonizing the cytotoxic activity immune cells or by enhancing antitumor responses. In most solid cancers, increased infiltration with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has long been associated with poor patient prognosis, highlighting their value as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer. A number of macrophage-centered approaches to anticancer therapy have been investigated, and include strategies to block their tumor-promoting activities or exploit their antitumor effector functions. Integrating therapeutic strategies to target TAMs to complement conventional therapies has yielded promising results in preclinical trials and warrants further investigation to determine its translational benefit in human cancer patients. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-tumorigenic programming of macrophages and provide a comprehensive update of macrophage-targeted therapies for the treatment of solid cancers.
The early contribution of cerebrovascular factors to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebrovascular disorders are the leading causes of dementia in our ageing population. Given that the progression of neuropathological changes in the brains of AD patients initiates several years, and even decades, before the diagnosis of dementia, a great effort has been made to identify potentially modifiable factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of sporadic late-onset AD. Among these factors, cerebrovascular disease and microvascular alterations seem to bilaterally interact with the underlying AD pathology, affecting the progression of cognitive deficits. In addition, cerebrovascular dysfunction has emerged as an early event in AD, encompassing changes in virtually all cell types of the neurovascular unit, including bone marrow-derived cells, astrocytes, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we discuss recent studies implicating cerebrovascular factors in the pathogenesis of AD. We also discuss how the impairment of mechanisms of brain regeneration, such as neurogenesis and angiogenesis, might be related to the vascular dysfunction. Finally, we briefly discuss several therapeutic options targeting the vascular system, which might represent an interesting strategy for preventing or delaying the onset of dementia in AD.