gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tone Reservation for OFDM Systems by Maximizing Signal-to-Distortion Ratio (2011)

The performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems is highly impacted by clipping distortions caused by non-linear amplifiers. One approach known as Tone Reservation (TR) method is to allocate/use a small number of sub-carriers to generate more suited signals and reduce the impact of these non-linear distortions. Traditionally, existing TR algorithms attempt to minimize the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we show that maximization of the Signal-to-Distortion Ratio (SDR) is a better criterion which achieves a better symbol error rate performance. Our results reveal that the proposed approach outperforms in terms of error probability rate for the same transmit power and same order of computational cost. Interestingly, the PAPR value for the proposed algorithm is not better than the state of the art algorithm in which directly optimizes the PAPR.
Inhibitory effects of metformin at low concentration on epithelial–mesenchymal transition of CD44+CD117+ ovarian cancer stem cells (2015)

Our results implicate that metformin at low dose inhibits selectively CD44(+)CD117(+) ovarian CSCs through inhibition of EMT and potentiates the effect of cisplatin.
Uniphase operation of a GaAs resistive gate charge-coupled device (1992)

The operation of a GaAs charge-coupled device (CCD) within the UHF band is a technically challenging problem. The GaAs CCDs that were reported previously in the literature were typically operated with multiphase clocks, with the majority operated using clocks in phase quadrature. To provide the multiple UHF clock wave forms with phase correlation to a GaAs CCD demands very stable picosecond timing accuracy between the adjacent clock phases, otherwise unpredictable variations will occur in the device performance. This requirement is difficult to achieve when attempting to incorporate a GaAs CCD in a high-speed analog application, such as the 500 MHz multichannel transient digitizer application being developed at TRIUMF, because of the nonlinear behaviour of the device as a load impedance. In addition to the difficult timing requirement, there are also the electronic circuit disadvantages associated with providing a multiphase clock to a GaAs CCD. The general circuit approach used to provide a multiphase UHF clock consists of splitting or dividing a master clock signal into a set of clock signals with the desired phase properties. The disadvantages of this approach are (i) the circuits are generally narrowband, restricting the range of clock frequencies that can be used; (ii) the circuits usually consume considerable power, producing substantial heat; and (iii) the circuits are typically complex, making them costly and difficult to incorporate with a GaAs CCD. A novel uniphase clock scheme was recently developed at TRIUMF that overcomes the above technical limitations for the UHF operation of a GaAs resistive gate CCD (RGCCD). The method is unique because the static transverse electric field within the GaAs RGCCD channel required to direct the motion of charge is established using the surface potential control offered by the resistive gates, under dc-biassed conditions. This permits a simple planar device comprising four electrodes per pixel to be used instead of a more elaborate castellated or ion-implanted device. Application of a single clock signal to the GaAs RGCCD provides the required temporal transverse electric field variation to cause charge motion to occur. Charge transfer efficiencies exceeding 0.999 have been achieved with a 128 pixel GaAs resistive gate CCD using (1) a fixed frequency uniphase clock operating below 100 MHz and (2) using a triggered dual frequency uniphase clock operating at 500 MHz during the signal acquisition period and at 15.6 MHz during the signal expenditure period.
Mutational analysis of the feedback sites of lysine-sensitive aspartokinase of<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

In Escherichia coli, thrA, metLM, and lysC encode aspartokinase isozymes that show feedback inhibition by threonine, methionine, and lysine, respectively. In vitro chemical mutagenesis of the cloned lysC gene was used to identify residues and regions of the polypeptide essential for feedback inhibition by lysine. The isolated lysine-insensitive mutants were demonstrated to have missense mutations in amino acid residues 323-352, and at position 250 of aspartokinase III.
Highly enhanced energy density induced by hetero-interface in sandwich-structured polymer nanocomposites (2013)

A novel sandwich-structured polymer-based nanocomposite with different dielectric fillers stacked together was fabricated employing a layer-by-layer casting process. In the sandwich-structured composite poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based film, the outer layer with TiO2 nanoparticles increased the electric displacement while the central layer with paraelectric BaSrTO3 nanofibers maintained the high breakdown strength. Compared with single layer films, the extractable energy density was greatly enhanced in the sandwich-structured film. Instead of solely being stored at the interface between the dielectrics and the electrodes as in a conventional capacitor, charges are also stored at the additional interfaces between the two heterofilm layers within the multilayer dielectric nanocomposite. A numerical simulation was performed to solve the electrostatic equilibrium equation and then to obtain the scenario of charge storage at the hetero interfaces inside the nanocomposite.
An asynchronous, iterative implementation of the original booth multiplication algorithm (2004)

One of the main reasons for using asynchronous design is that it offers the opportunity to exploit the data-dependent latency of many operations in order to achieve low-power, high-performance, or low area. This paper describes a novel, asynchronous, iterative multiplier which exhibits data-dependency in both the number of iterations required to produce the result and in the delay of each step of the iteration. The preliminary evaluation of the multiplier, implemented using standard-cells, shows that speed improvements can be achieved in comparison to a standard iterative, radix-4 Booth multiplier.
Giant magnetoresistance effect and electric conduction in amorphous-CoFeB/Cu/Co sandwiches (1996)

Giant magnetoresistance (MR) effects have been investigated for spin valve sandwiches using amorphous(a)-(Co0.9Fe0.1)80B20 alloy layers. In an a-CoFeB/Cu/Co sandwich, a MR ratio as large as 6% was obtained, and a MR curve was found to saturate in a field within 100 Oe. The resistivity is 40–60 μΩ cm. In a CoFeB(4 nm)/Cu(2 nm)/a-CoFeB(2 nm)/NiO(10 nm) sandwich, MR ratios as large as 4% were also obtained. The maximum field sensitivity of the sandwich is about 2.5%/Oe.
Kinematic artifacts in prestack depth migration (2004)

Abstract Strong refraction of waves in the migration velocity model introduces kinematic artifacts—coherent events not corresponding to actual reflectors—into the image volumes produced by prestack depth migration applied to individual data bins. Because individual bins are migrated independently, the migration has no access to the bin component of slowness. This loss of slowness information permits events to migrate along multiple incident-reflected ray pairs, thus introducing spurious coherent events into the image volume. This pathology occurs for all common binning strategies, including common-source, common-offset, and common-scattering angle. Since the artifacts move out with bin parameter, their effect on the final stacked image is minimal, provided that the migration velocity model is kinematically correct. However, common-image gathers may exhibit energetic primary events with substantial residual moveout, even with the kinematically accurate migration velocity model.
Role of STAT‐1 and STAT‐3 in ischaemia/reperfusion injury (2004)

Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury results in the death of irreplaceable cardiac myocytes by a programme cell death or apoptosis. The signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) factors function as modulators of cytokine signaling and sensors responding to cellular stress. Interestingly, many studies have demonstrated that although they have a similar structural organization, STAT-1 and STAT-3 have apposing effects on processes such as differentiation or apoptosis. For example, STAT-1 has been shown to induced apoptosis, whilst STAT3 is able protect cardiac myocytes following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Many of the effects of STAT-1 and STAT-3 involve the direct binding to DNA and transcriptional activation of target genes. However, recent studies have shown that for STAT-1 some of its effects appear not to require DNA binding. For example, induction of apoptosis by STAT-1 can be produced by the C-terminal activation domain in the absence of the DNA binding domain. This therefore, appears to involve a co-activator effect in which STAT-1 is recruited to DNA via a DNA-bound transcription factor. In this regard, it is of interest that STAT-1 but not STAT-3 has been shown to interact with p53 and enhance its growth arrest and apoptosis- inducing properties. Hence, the finding that STAT-1 and STAT-3 can modulate the apoptotic programme both by direct DNA binding or via a co-activator mechanism and despite their very similar structures, suggests that these related factors may be therapeutic targets against the damage myocardium following I/R injury. Recently, we reported that the polyphenolic agent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea and a potent inhibitor of STAT-1 activation, protects the myocardium against I/R injury.
Membrane damage occurs during the formation of intracellular ice. (2002)

Current theories on both the formation of intracellular ice (IIF) and the mechanisms by which it damages cells all implicate the plasma membrane. While it has been well documented that following IIF post-thaw damage to the plasma membrane occurs, it is not known whether this damage occurs during freezing or thawing. By directly monitoring the diffusion of a membrane-impermeable fluorescent stain into V-79W fibroblasts, the integrity of the plasma membrane during freezing and thawing was correlated with the incidence of IIF. While this study presents evidence that membrane damage occurs during the formation of intracellular ice in cell suspensions, single attached cells and confluent monolayers, we cannot conclude whether IIF is the cause or result of membrane damage.
J. B. Whittow 1977. Geology and Scenery in Scotland. 362 pp., 54 figs, 45 black & white photos. London: Penguin Books. Price £1.95. ISBN 0 14 02 1867 X. (1981)

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Recovery Time After Sugammadex Reversal of Rocuronium-Induced Muscle Relaxation for Electroconvulsive Therapy Is Independent of Cardiac Output in Both Young and Elderly Patients (2013)

Although recovery time to TOF of 0.9 after the administration of 8.0-mg/kg sugammadex was longer in the elderly patients than in the young patients, it had no relationship with cardiac output after ECT.
Data security using authenticated encryption and decryption algorithm for Android phones (2017)

With the growing number of mobile applications, secure storage of information is essential. A strong encryption system is required to protect the data stored in android phones at a maximum level. Traditional encryption schemes have the disadvantage that communication overheads and the computation costs are too high. And also there is a possibility that the data is lost after encryption. Hence, it is necessary to implement a “Data Encryption and Decryption” scheme with “Cloud Backup” feature which is more efficient in order to provide high level of data security for android phones. It is necessary to create means which will enable a user to encrypt confidential data present in the mobile phones. Decrypt it to recover the encrypted data. In case of brute force attack, user need not worry about losing the data as “Automatic encryption” is triggered. “Cloud Backup” is another mechanism to prevent the data from being known by an adversary. This paper proposes an Android Application which will provide the features of automatic encryption, data encryption/decryption, and cloud backup all in one single mobile application. AES -256 bit algorithm is used for this purpose. The sole purpose of using AES for encryption/decryption is that it is secure and has high computational complexity. Due to this the intruder will require comparatively more time to decrypt the data.
Locally Optimal Run-Length Compression Applied to CT Images (1985)

Run-length data compression techniques are described that preserve image content. After decompression, images are restored to their original state without loss in image gray scale or resolution. The first technique introduces terminology and illustrates a simple method for efficient picture archiving. It demonstrates the principle of run-length techniques. A second more general approach encodes picture information in a manner that adapts to local variation in pixel standard deviation. Among several options of compression formats, the one that delivers the best local compression is selected. Results of our compression techniques are given for several hundred computed tomography (CT) pictures with comparison to image entropy measures. A general solution to the optimal run-length compression of digital data is outlined. Routine application of the locally optimal method is also described.
New Families of Wrapped Distributions for Modeling Skew Circular Data (2004)

Abstract We discuss circular distributions obtained by wrapping the classical exponential and Laplace distributions on the real line around the circle. We present explicit forms for their densities and distribution functions, as well as their trigonometric moments and related parameters, and discuss main properties of these laws. Both distributions are very promising as models for asymmetric directional data. Key Words: Angular dataAsymmetric Laplace distributionBird orientationsCircular dataDouble exponential distributionWrapped distributionMathematics Subject Classification: Primary 62H11Secondary 62E10 Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous referee and the editor for their comments.
A microprocessor environmental controller for quadriplegics (1978)

An environmental controller has been designed using consumer available components. Its flexibility, versatility, and reduced cost, are a direct result of using an isometric joystick, a microprocessor and software package in a configuration that lends itself very readily to change.
Comedolytic effect of a novel RARgamma-specific retinoid, ER36009: comparison with retinoic acid in the rhino mouse model. (2006)

In addition to natural retinoids, new synthetic retinoids, such as adapalene and tazarotene, are currently available for the treatment of acne. In this study, we evaluated the comedolytic effect of a novel retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-gamma specific retinoid, ER36009, in the rhino mouse. The animals were treated for five days a week with ER36009 (0.00001, 0.000025, 0.00010, 0.00025%), all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) (0.001, 0.005, 0.010, 0.050%), two commercial formulations (Differine((R)) 0.1% adapalene gel, and Tazorac 0.1% tazarotene gel) and acetone as a control, for two weeks. After the treatments, utricle diameter and apoptosis of the follicular epidermis were examined. ER36009 was 96 times more potent than RA in the utricle diameter reduction assay. It also eliminated apoptosis of the follicular epidermis and restored normal apoptosis at the granular layer. These data indicate that ER36009 is a potent comedolytic agent compared with other currently available retinoids.
Comprehensive Suppression of All Apoptosis-Induced Proliferation Pathways as a Proposed Approach to Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Therapy (2014)

Mutations in the WNT/beta-catenin pathway are present in the majority of all sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs), and histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis in CRC cells with such mutations. This apoptosis is counteracted by (1) the signaling heterogeneity of CRC cell populations, and (2) the survival pathways induced by mitogens secreted from apoptotic cells. The phenomena of signaling heterogeneity and apoptosis-induced survival constitute the immediate mechanisms of resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors, and probably other chemotherapeutic agents. We explored the strategy of augmenting CRC cell death by inhibiting all survival pathways induced by the pro-apoptotic agent LBH589, a histone deacetylase inhibitor: AKT, JAK/STAT, and ERK signaling. The apoptosis-enhancing ability of a cocktail of synthetic inhibitors of proliferation was compared to the effects of the natural product propolis. We utilized colorectal adenoma, drug-sensitive and drug-resistant colorectal carcinoma cells to evaluate the apoptotic potential of the combination treatments. The results suggest that an effective approach to CRC combination therapy is to combine apoptosis-inducing drugs (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as LBH589) with agents that suppress all compensatory survival pathways induced during apoptosis (such as the cocktail of inhibitors of apoptosis-associated proliferation). The same paradigm can be applied to a CRC prevention approach, as the apoptotic effect of butyrate, a diet-derived histone deacetylase inhibitor, is augmented by other dietary agents that modulate survival pathways (e.g., propolis and coffee extract). Thus, dietary supplements composed by fermentable fiber, propolis, and coffee extract may effectively counteract neoplastic growth in the colon.
Fennel. (2008)

This chapter covers the morphology, uses, chemical composition (general composition of seed, fruit and extract, as well as volatile compounds in the essential oil, oleoresins, and non-volatile compounds in the fixed oil), medicinal properties (including antioxidant, antineopalstic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and acaricidal activities), and quality aspects of the main products (green or dried herb, seeds, seed oil, herb oil, and anethole) of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare).
Effect of insulin on a serum‐free hybridoma culture (1995)

Insulin is often included in serum-free media for animal cell cultivation. However, the necessity of insulin for a specific cell line is rather uncertain. In this article we report the effects of insulin on the cultivation of a hybridoma cell line in a serum-free medium. It was found that insulin affected neither the cell growth nor the antibody production. The specific growth rate and specific antibody production rate were very similar in the cultures with or without insulin. However, the presence of insulin affected the nutrient consumption rate and cell metabolism. Including insulin in the medium resulted in a higher specific glucose consumption rate, a shorter exponential growth stage, and a lower final antibody concentration. The elimination of insulin from the medium allowed antibody to accumulate to a concentration substantially higher than that in the insulin-containing cultuvre. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tocilizumab for treatment of patients with severe COVID–19: A retrospective cohort study (2020)

In patients with severe COVID-19, tocilizumab was associated with significantly shorter duration of vasopressor support. Although not statistically significant, tocilizumab also resulted in shorter median time to clinical improvement and shorter duration of invasive ventilation. These findings require validation from ongoing clinical trials of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients.
IdeS, a Highly Specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Cleaving Enzyme from <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> , Is Inhibited by Specific IgG Antibodies Generated during Infection (2005)

ABSTRACT IdeS, a recently discovered cysteine proteinase secreted by the important human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes , interferes with phagocytic killing by specifically cleaving the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G. The fact that the enzyme targets one of the key molecules of the adapted immune response raised the question of whether an antibody response against IdeS could inhibit, i.e., neutralize, enzyme activity. Paired acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples from patients with pharyngotonsillitis ( n = 10), bacteremia ( n = 7), and erysipelas ( n = 4) were analyzed. Antibodies with the ability to neutralize IdeS enzymatic activity were already found in two-thirds of acute-phase sera. However, patients who seroconverted to IdeS, in particular patients with pharyngotonsillitis and erysipelas, developed specific antibodies during convalescence with an increased capability to efficiently neutralize the enzymatic activity of IdeS. Also, the presence of neutralizing antibodies decreased the ability of IdeS to mediate bacterial survival in human immune blood. In patients with bacteremia, several acute-phase sera contained neutralizing antibodies, but no correlation was found to severity or outcome of invasive infections. Still, the fact that the human immune response targets the enzymatic activity of IdeS supports the view that the enzyme plays an important role during streptococcal infection.
Preferential induction of CYP1B1 by benzo[ a ]pyrene in human oral epithelial cells: impact on DNA adduct formation and prevention by polyphenols (2005)

The roles of CYP1A1 and 1B1 in tobacco smoke carcinogen, e.g. benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), induced DNA binding and their inhibition by the dietary polyphenol 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF), compared with 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone (3',4'-DMF) and resveratrol, were investigated in the human oral epithelial squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-9 cells. A low concentration of BaP (1 microM) dramatically induced BaP-DNA adduct formation (approximately 40-fold) in a time-dependent manner, while it only increased CYP1A1/1B1 activities, as measured by ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, approximately 3-fold. Furthermore, BaP induced both CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression, as determined by the branched DNA assay and western blot analysis, but with considerably higher levels of CYP1B1. Combined treatment of SCC-9 cells with 1 microM BaP and 20 microM DMF inhibited BaP-DNA adduct formation. The mechanism of this effect appeared to be direct inhibition of CYP1B1 enzyme with a K(i) value of 0.58 microM, a highly potent inhibition considering the high cellular uptake of DMF in the SCC-9 cells. DMF also inhibited CYP1A1, but not CYP1B1 protein, and mRNA expression in the cells. In an extension to other polyphenols, the structural analog 3',4'-DMF, in contrast to DMF, inhibited the expression of CYP1B1 both at the mRNA and protein levels. Surprisingly, in contrast to previous studies in other cell types, resveratrol had no effect on CYP1B1 in the SCC-9 cells. Based on this study, CYP1B1 mRNA may be an early biomarker of oral cancer, being a sensitive signal for tobacco-carcinogen exposure. Methoxylated dietary flavonoids, e.g. DMF and 3',4'-DMF, may be potent chemoprotectants by direct inhibition of CYP1B1/1A1 function and/or their protein expression.
Metabolic, hormonal and stress-related molecular changes in<i>post-mortem</i>pituitary glands from schizophrenia subjects (2012)

Future studies on the molecules identified here may lead to new insights into schizophrenia pathophysiology and pave the way for translation of novel diagnostics for use in a clinical setting.
Enantioselective Chromenone Benzoxazole Receptor for Glutamic Acid and Its Derivatives (2003)

Combination of a binaphthyl unit with chromenone benzoxazole fragments provided a chiral receptor that is enantioselective for glutamic acid and its derivatives. The receptor racemic mixture was resolved by TLCs impregnated with (R,R)-thiodilactic acid. High association constants were measured for dansylglutamic acid, using a fluorescent method. This receptor can be used for the resolution of the tosylglutamic acid racemic mixture.