gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MagicFinger: 3D Magnetic Fingerprints for Indoor Location (2015)

Given the indispensable role of mobile phones in everyday life, phone-centric sensing systems are ideal candidates for ubiquitous observation purposes. This paper presents a novel approach for mobile phone-centric observation applied to indoor location. The approach involves a location fingerprinting methodology that takes advantage of the presence of magnetic field anomalies inside buildings. Unlike existing work on the subject, which uses the intensity of magnetic field for fingerprinting, our approach uses all three components of the measured magnetic field vectors to improve accuracy. By using adequate soft computing techniques, it is possible to adequately balance the constraints of common solutions. The resulting system does not rely on any infrastructure devices and therefore is easy to manage and deploy. The proposed system consists of two phases: the offline phase and the online phase. In the offline phase, magnetic field measurements are taken throughout the building, and 3D maps are generated. Then, during the online phase, the user's location is estimated through the best estimator for each zone of the building. Experimental evaluations carried out in two different buildings confirm the satisfactory performance of indoor location based on magnetic field vectors. These evaluations provided an error of (11.34 m, 4.78 m) in the (x; y) components of the estimated positions in the first building where the experiments were carried out, with a standard deviation of (3.41 m, 4.68 m); and in the second building, an error of (4 m, 2.98 m) with a deviation of (2.64 m, 2.33 m).
Enhanced nonlinear crack-wave interactions for structural damage detection based on guided ultrasonic waves (2016)

The paper presents a new damage-detection method based on nonlinear crack-wave interaction. Low-frequency vibration excitation is introduced to perturb damage, and high-frequency interrogating wave is used to detect damage-related nonlinearities. However, in contrast to other crack-wave interaction approaches, localised wave packets are used for high-frequency excitation. The synchronisation of the low-frequency vibration with the interrogating high-frequency wave packets is a key element of the proposed method. Numerical simulations and simple experimental tests in cracked aluminium beams are performed to demonstrate the method. The results show that the proposed method can detect and localise damage-related and intrinsic nonlinearities, allowing for reliable damage detection. The method does not require baseline measurements representing an undamaged condition, and it is not sensitive to temperature variations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of Apoptosis Using Cyclic Luciferase in Living Mammals (2009)

Programmed cell death, apoptosis, is a crucial process involved in pathogenesis and progression of diseases, which is executed by cysteine aspartyl proteases (caspases). The caspase activities in living subjects and their regulation with small chemical compounds are of great interest for screening drug candidates or pathological agents. We describe a novel genetically encoded bioluminescent indicator for real-time imaging of caspase-3 activities in living cells and animals. The indicator is composed of an engineered firefly luciferase, of which the N- and C-terminal ends are linked with a substrate sequence of caspase-3 (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp). When activated caspase-3 digests the substrate sequence, the cyclized luciferase recovers its activity. The indicator provides a general means of evaluating effects of cytotoxic compounds or novel pharmacological chemicals and apoptosis.
Carbocatalysts: Graphene Oxide and Its Derivatives (2012)

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets are emerging as a new class of carbocatalysts. Conventionally, researchers exfoliate graphite oxide into submicrometer-sized, water-dispersible flakes to produce these sheets. The presence of oxygen functional groups on the aromatic scaffold of GO allows these sheets to mediate ionic and nonionic interactions with a wide range of molecules. GO shows remarkable catalytic properties on its own and when hybridized with a second material. It is a perfect platform for molecular engineering. This Account examines the different classes of synthetic transformations catalyzed by GO and correlates its reactivity with chemical properties. First, we raise the question of whether GO behaves as a reactant or catalyst during oxidation. Due to its myriad oxygen atoms, GO can function as an oxidant during anaerobic oxidation and become reduced at the end of the first catalytic cycle. However, partially reduced GO can continue to activate molecular oxygen during aerobic oxidation. Most importantly, we can enhance the conversion and selectivity by engineering the morphology and functionalities on the G/GO scaffold. GO can also be hybridized with organic dyes or organocatalysts. The photosensitization by dyes and facile charge transfer across the graphene interface produce synergistic effects that enhance catalytic conversion. Using GO as a building block in supramolecular chemistry, we can extend the scope of functionalities in GO hybrids. The presence of epoxy and hydroxyl functional groups on either side of the GO sheet imparts bifunctional properties that allow it to act as a structural node within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). For example, known homogeneous molecular catalysts can be anchored on the GO surface by employing them as scaffolds linking organometallic nodes. We have demonstrated that porphyrin building blocks with GO can lead to facile four-electron oxygen transfer reactions. We have also evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of GO as a catalytic material relative to other types of catalysts, both metallic and nonmetallic. Researchers would like to increase the potency of GO catalysts because many catalytic reactions currently require high loading of GO. Further research is also needed to identify a low-cost and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of GO.
Finite element developments for general fluid flows with structural interactions (2004)

Abstract The objective in this paper is to present some developments for the analysis of Navier–Stokes incompressible and compressible fluid flows with structural interactions. The incompressible fluid is discretized with a new solution approach, a flow‐condition‐based interpolation finite element scheme. The high‐speed compressible fluids are solved using standard finite volume methods. The fluids are fully coupled to general structures that can undergo highly non‐linear response due to large deformations, inelasticity, contact and temperature. Particular focus is given on the scheme used to couple the fluid media with the structures. The fluids can also be modelled as low‐speed compressible or slightly compressible media, which are important models in engineering practice. Some solutions obtained using ADINA are presented to indicate the analyses that can be performed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-Resolution Genomic Mapping of the Three Human Replication Protein A Genes (RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3) (1994)

Human replication protein A (RPA) is a three-subunit protein that plays a central role in eukaryotic DNA replication, homologous recombination, and excision repair. We have previously reported the cloning and bacterial overexpression of the three RPA genes and have mapped them to chromosome 1 (RPA2), chromosome 7 (RPA3), and chromosome 17 (RPA1). We have now obtained yeast strains with artificial chromosomes carrying the three human RPA genes and report the more detailed genomic mapping of RPA. RPA1 was mapped to chromosome 17p13.3 using a combination of PCR amplification of somatic cell hybrids and radiation hybrids containing chromosome 17 fragments. RPA2 was mapped to chromosome 1p35 by PCR amplification of somatic cell hybrids of chromosome 1 and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RPA3 was mapped to chromosome 7p22 by Southern analysis and PCR amplification of somatic cell hybrids of chromosome 7 as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization. Since RPA is an essential component of major metabolic events affecting DNA, the physical mapping of the genes for it may help elucidate the biochemical basis of genetic disorders involving DNA metabolism.
The Structure of Mithramycin Reinvestigated (1998)

A reinvestigation of the structure of mithramycin, the principal product of Streptomyces argillaceus ATCC 12956, is reported. The structure elucidation was carried out with mithramycin decaacetate (4) using 2D NMR methods, including TOCSY, HMBC, and HSQC experiments. The work resulted in structure 3being confirmed for mithramycin.
Paclitaxel in doxorubicin-refractory or mitoxantrone-refractory breast cancer: a phase I/II trial of 96-hour infusion. (1994)

The recommended phase II dose of paclitaxel is 140 mg/m2 in patients without liver metastases and 105 mg/m2 in patients with liver metastases. Ninety-six-hour infusions of paclitaxel were effective and well tolerated in patients with doxorubicin/mitoxantrone-refractory breast cancer. Prolonged infusion schedules may be more effective than shorter schedules and deserve further study.
The Genus Corynebacterium and Other Medically Relevant Coryneform-Like Bacteria (2012)

Catalase-positive Gram-positive bacilli, commonly called "diphtheroids" or "coryneform" bacteria were historically nearly always dismissed as contaminants when recovered from patients, but increasingly have been implicated as the cause of significant infections. These taxa have been underreported, and the taxa were taxonomically confusing. The mechanisms of pathogenesis, especially for newly described taxa, were rarely studied. Antibiotic susceptibility data were relatively scant. In this minireview, clinical relevance, phenotypic and genetic identification methods, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) evaluations, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing involving species in the genus Corynebacterium and other medically relevant Gram-positive rods, collectively called coryneforms, are described.
Identification of genes differentially expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by messenger RNA differential display. (1998)

We have applied the mRNA differential display method to compare and analyze mRNAs prepared from five normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell cultures and five nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. A total of 24 differential display experiments was performed using different combinations of PCR primers. Sixty-nine cDNA fragments differentially expressed in either normal or malignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells were identified. Subsequent cloning and sequencing of these differentially expressed cDNA fragments resulted in the identification of seventeen distinct sequences. Seven of these sequences were shown to be novel cDNA sequences not previously reported. Ten of the remaining cDNA fragments showed sequence homology to previously reported genes. Differential expression of four of these seventeen cDNA fragments in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells was confirmed by reverse Northern hybridization. One of these cloned cDNA fragments is a novel cDNA sequence while the other three matched to previously reported cDNA sequences involved in cell growth and migration. Homologous sequences identified to be differentially expressed in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells in this study are: human 26 kDa cell surface protein (TAPA-1) mRNA, NF-E2 like basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator and the human bullous pemphigoid antigen. The mRNA differential display is a useful tool to identify candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Survivable RFID Systems: Issues, Challenges, and Techniques (2010)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technique has been applied in high-security and high-integrity settings such as national defense, healthcare, and citizen identification. A tiny RFID tag is attached to a mobile object, which can be scanned and recognized by a reader. RFID offers opportunities for real-time item identification and inventory tracking. For applications using resource-restricted RFID tags and mobile hand-held readers, however, various risks could threaten their abilities to provide essential services to users. High mobility of the RFID system components and the open nature make an RFID system vulnerable to various attacks. Currently, although some techniques exist that might help improve survivability; there is still no complete proposal on survivability of an RFID system despite its growing popularity and importance in many applications. In this paper, we study survivability issues related to RFID systems and survey existing techniques whose usability and adaptability toward survivability would be beneficial. Survivability is defined as the ability of a system to continuously provide essential services to support the system's mission even in the presence of malicious attacks or system failures. We discuss the issues and challenges in developing survivable RFID systems and propose research directions.
RF DIRECTIONAL MODULATION TECHNIQUE USING A SWITCHED ANTENNA ARRAY FOR PHYSICAL LAYER SECURE COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS (2011)

In this paper, we present a RF directional modulation technique using a switched antenna array for physical layer secure communication. The main idea is that a switching scheme of the switched antenna array is designed according to a spreading sequence for the purpose of spreading spectrum of the transmit signal. The transmit signal is associated with the spreading sequence and the direction of the desired receiver because of information data modulated both in the baseband and the antenna level. In this way, the desired receiver with a single antenna can demodulate the receive signal as traditional spread-spectrum signal, while eavesdroppers can not extract any useful information from the receive signal even if eavesdroppers know the spreading sequence of the RF directional modulation signal. Simulation results show that the proposed technique ofiers a more secure transmission method for wireless communication comparison with traditional spread-spectrum signal.
Computer‐aided communications by visualizing thought space structure (1996)

Abstract There has been an increase in collaborative work among specialists from multiple disciplines in recent years. Accordingly, building methods and tools to facilitate communications in those collaborative projects has become an essential issue. This paper describes a method that helps people working cooperatively to form new concepts in areas such as science and engineering. The proposed method supports personal or group concept formation by visualizing the relationships between concepts and their microcontents, given by users, in a metric space. Showing individual spaces presented by communication support system (a tool implemented using this method) to individual users and merging them are useful in clarifying personal backgrounds and viewpoints.
Studies of Interfacial Interaction between Polymer Components on Helical Nanofiber Formation via Co-Electrospinning (2018)

Helical fibers in nanoscale have been of increasing interest due to their unique characteristics. To explore the effect of polymer type on helical fiber formation, three polymer systems, Poly(<i>m</i>-phenylene isophthalamide) (Nomex)/polyurethane (TPU), polystyrene (PS)/TPU and polyacrylonitril (PAN)/TPU are used to fabricate helical nanofibers via co-electrospinning. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Zeta potential were employed to investigate the interfacial interaction between the two phases of the polymer system. The larger rigidity differential of Nomex and TPU leads to a larger interfacial interaction. The hydrogen bonds help to increase the interfacial interaction between Nomex and TPU components. The attractive force between the chloride-ions contained in Nomex molecules and the free charges on the solution surface lead to a longitudinal interfacial interaction in the Nomex/TPU system. The analysis results provide the explanation of the experimental results that the Nomex/TPU system has the greatest potential for producing helical nanofibers, while the PS/TPU and PAN/TPU systems cannot fabricate helical fibers effectively. This study based on the interfacial interaction between polymer components provides an insight into the mechanism of helical fiber formation.
All-optical NRZ wavelength conversion using a Sagnac loop with optimized SOA characteristics (2015)

We investigated the all-optical wavelength conversion technique for non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signals based on a Sagnac loop interferometer using an SOA. For the wavelength conversion of the NRZ signal at and above 40 Gbit/s, we used an in-house numerical SOA model to analyze the influence of the SOA carrier characteristics and the SOA length on the performance of the Sagnac loop. We found that the SOA carrier recovery time should be between 2 and 3 times of one bit duration in order to get optimum NRZ wavelength conversion. In addition to the carrier recovery time requirement, SOAs with a shorter physical length are preferred to be used in the Sagnac interferometer.
17-Imidazolyl, Pyrazolyl, and Isoxazolyl Androstene Derivatives. Novel Steroidal Inhibitors of Human Cytochrome C<sub>l7,20</sub>-Lyase (P450<sub>17α</sub>) (1997)

We recently described a number of inhibitors of P450(17 alpha), the key enzyme of androgen biosynthesis. Here, we report the synthesis and activity of novel 17-imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, and isoxazolyl androstene derivatives as potential agents for the treatment of prostatic cancer. A number of 17-(4'-Imidazolyl) derivatives were prepared by condensing the corresponding 17-ketol acetate side chain with aldehyde and ammonium hydroxide. The 17 beta-(4'imidazolyl) derivatives (2a, 2e, 4a, 4c) were found to be potent inhibitors of human testicular P450(17 alpha), with greater activity than ketoconazole. The juxtaposition between the imidazole ring and the steroid D ring appears to be important in contributing inhibitory properties, Compounds having a 17 beta-(2'-imidazolyl) ring (9a, 10) or a 20 beta-(2'-imidazolyl) ring (12), instead of the 17 beta-(4'-imidazolyl) ring (2a, 4a), are weak inhibitors. Among the 17-(4'-imidazolyl) derivatives, introduction of the 17 alpha-hydroxy group (4b) and 16 alpha,17 alpha-epoxide group (2d) diminished potency (2a-->2d; lC50 66-->430 nM; 4a-->4b; lC50 58-->1200 nM), while the 16,17 double bond increased the inhibitory activity by almost three times in the 5-en-3 beta-ol inhibitors (2a-->2e; lC50 60-->24 nM). There was virtually no difference in the inhibitory activity in the 4-en-3-one inhibitors (4a-->4c; IC50 58-->50 nM). The introduction of a methyl (2b) or phenyl group (2c) on the 2'-position of 4'-imidazolyl ring caused a dramatic decrease in the potency. As to modification of the A,B rings, the 3-acetate (2f, 2g) decreased the potency almost 3-fold compared with the 3-alcohol (2e-->2f, IC50 24-->75 nM; 2a-->2g, 66-->199 nM) and the conversion from the 5-en-3 beta-ol into the 4-en-3-one hardly affected the potency. As expected, 4c was more potent than 2e for the rat p450(17 alpha). 17-(3'Pyrazolyl)-(14b) and 17-(5'-isoxazolyl)-androsta-5,16-dien-3 beta-ol (15b) were also potent inhibitors of P450(17 alpha), whereas the 17-(2'-imidazolyl) compound (9b) was one of the most potent inhibitor in this series. However, their 16-saturated counterparts (9a, 14a, 15a) were weak inhibitors. The 17 beta-(3'-isoxazolyl)- (16) and 17 beta-(5'-methyl-3'-oxazolyl)androst-5-en-3 beta-ol (18) were also inactive. The introduction of a methyl of phenyl group on the nitrogen of the pyrazolyl ring of 14b [see 14c, 14d, and 14e] also caused some loss of inhibition for P450(17 alpha). Compounds 2e, 4a, 4c, 9b, 14d, 17a, and 17b are among the most potent inhibitors of human P450(17 alpha) so far reported.
Partial scan beyond cycle cutting (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of flip flop selection for partial scan in sequential circuits. In particular it addresses some of the shortcomings of the popular flip flop selection methods, based on cutting cycles present in the graph of the circuit structure. Previous approaches assume that cutting all cycles makes the circuit totally testable, which is not always true. In the proposed approach, first subsets of flip flops are formed based on cycles in the S-graph and flip flops with self-loops. Flip flops are selected from these subsets based on a testability measure which uses an approximate valid state analysis. Once a flip flop is selected from a subset, testability measures may indicate the need for more flip flops, thus possibly selecting more flip flops than required for minimum cycle cutting. The goal is to select the fewest number of flip flops required to obtain high fault coverage for all partial scan circuits. Experimental results on the benchmark circuits show that a test generation efficiency near 100% is achieved for most circuits.
Mechanical Properties and Tensile Failure Analysis of Novel Bio-absorbable Mg-Zn-Cu and Mg-Zn-Se Alloys for Endovascular Applications (2012)

In this paper, the mechanical properties and tensile failure mechanism of two novel bio-absorbable as-cast Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys for endovascular medical applications are characterized. Alloys were manufactured using an ARC melting process and tested as-cast with compositions of Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu, being 98/1/1 wt.% respectively. Nanoindentation testing conducted at room temperature was used to characterize the elastic modulus (E) and surface hardness (H) for both the bare alloys and the air formed oxide layer. As compared to currently available shape memory alloys and degradable as-cast alloys, these experimental alloys possess superior as-cast mechanical properties that can increase their biocompatibility, degradation kinetics, and the potential for medical device creation.
[Risk factor for antibiotic-associated diarrhea. A review of the literature]. (1998)

Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common adverse reaction to most types of antibiotics with frequencies ranging from 5-39%, depending upon the specific type of antibiotic and the presence of other risk factors. The pathogenesis of antibiotic associated diarrhea is mediated through the disruption of the normal flora and overgrowth of pathogens or through metabolic imbalances. Beside risk factors associated with the type and duration of antibiotic therapy, host factors include the extremes of age (< 6 years or > 65 years), severe underlying disease, presence of other chronic intestinal conditions, immunosuppression, prior history of AAD and exposures during recent hospitalizations (surgery, nasogastric tube feeding). Factors which have not been significantly associated with antibiotic associated diarrhea include gender, dose or route of the inciting antibiotic and inflammatory bowel disease. The clinical impact of AAD is reflected by potential severity of the illness (PMC), possible consequences of the disruption in the treatment of the primary infection, higher medical costs, increased hospital stays and increased rates of morbidity and mortality. The key to decreasing these consequences is prompt diagnosis followed by effective treatment and institution of control measures and preventive treatments in patients at risk.