gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ENVOY Is a Major Determinant in Regulation of Sexual Development in Hypocrea jecorina ( <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> ) (2012)

Light is one crucial environmental signal which can determine whether a fungus reproduces asexually or initiates sexual development. Mating in the ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) occurs preferentially in light. We therefore investigated the relevance of the light response machinery for sexual development in H. jecorina. We found that the photoreceptors BLR1 and BLR2 and the light-regulatory protein ENV1 have no effect on male fertility, while ENV1 is essential for female fertility. BLR1 and BLR2 were found to impact fruiting body formation although they are not essential for mating. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that BLR1, BLR2, and ENV1 negatively regulate transcript levels of both pheromone receptors as well as peptide pheromone precursors in light but not in darkness and in a mating type-dependent manner. The effect of BLR1 and BLR2 on regulation of pheromone precursor and receptor genes is less severe than that of ENV1 as strains lacking env1 show 100-fold (for ppg1) to more than 100,000-fold (for hpp1) increased transcript levels of pheromone precursor genes as well as more than 20-fold increased levels of hpr1, the pheromone receptor receiving the HPP1 signal in a MAT1-1 strain. ENV1 likely integrates additional signals besides light, and our results indicate that its function is partially mediated via regulation of mat1-2-1. We conclude that ENV1 is essential for balancing the levels of genes regulated in a mating-type-dependent manner, which contributes to determination of sexual identity and fruiting body formation.
Computation of Independent Contact Regions for Grasping 3-D Objects (2009)

Precision grasp synthesis has received a lot of attention in past few last years. However, real mechanical hands can hardly assure that the fingers will precisely touch the object at the computed contact points. The concept of independent contact regions (ICRs) was introduced to provide robustness to finger positioning errors during an object grasping: A finger contact anywhere inside each of these regions assures a force-closure grasp, despite the exact contact position. This paper presents an efficient algorithm to compute ICRs with any number of frictionless or frictional contacts on the surface of any 3-D object. The proposed approach generates the independent regions by growing them around the contact points of a given starting grasp. A two-phase approach is provided to find a locally optimal force-closure grasp that serves as the starting grasp, considering as grasp quality measure the largest perturbation wrench that the grasp can resist, independently of the perturbation direction. The proposed method can also be applied to compute ICRs when several contacts are fixed beforehand. The approach has been implemented, and application examples are included to illustrate its performance.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND LAXATIVE PROPERTIES OF ESTERS OF 1,1,1‐(BIS‐(P‐HYDROXYPHENYL)(2‐PYRIDYL))ETHANE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1974)

Abstract Von den Ausgangssubstanzen (IIIa)‐(IIIc) für die Synthese der Titelverbindungen (IV), (V) und (VI) ist (IIIa) erhältlich aus Phenol (I) und dem Keton (II); (IIIb) und (IIIc) werden nach Literaturangaben dargestellt.
Towards practical holey fibre technology: fabrication splicing and characterisation (1999)

We report the fabrication of long lengths of mechanically-robust holey fibre and the first demonstration of their splicing. These practical advances have permitted the first detailed characterization of a holey fibre around 1.5µm.
The Tree Machine: A Highly Concurrent Computing Environment (1980)

An architecture for a VLSI multiprocessor machine is proposed. The processors are connected together as a binary tree. A collection of algorithms are mapped onto the tree machine. These include heap sort transitive closure, the travelling salesman, and matrix inversion, among others. A model of computational complexity for the tree machine is suggested, and the algorithms are analyzed in the context of that model. A notation for expressing the algorithms is described, a processor design is proposed, and a compiler for the notation and processor is presented.
A Novel Surface Treatment Method and New Insight into Discharge Voltage Deterioration for High‐Performance 0.4Li<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>3–</sub>0.6LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Materials (2014)

The Li‐rich cathode materials have been considered as one of the most promising cathodes for high energy Li‐ion batteries. However, realization of these materials for use in Li‐ion batteries is currently limited by their intrinsic problems. To overcome this barrier, a new surface treatment concept is proposed in which a hybrid surface layer composed of a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coating and a chemically activated layer is created. A few layers of GO are first coated on the surface of the Li‐rich cathode material, followed by a hydrazine treatment to produce the reducing agent of GO and the chemical activator of the Li 2 MnO 3 phase. Compared to previous studies, this surface treatment provides substantially improved electrochemical performance in terms of initial Coulombic effiency and retention of discharge voltage. As a result, the surface‐treated 0.4Li­ 2 MnO 3– 0.6LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 exhibits a high capacity efficiency of 99.5% during the first cycle a the discharge capacity of 250 mAh g −1 (2.0–4.6 V under 0.1C), 94.6% discharge voltage retention during 100 cycles (1C) and the superior capacity retention of 60% at 12C at 24 °C.
Ultra-High-Contrast and Tunable-Bandwidth Filter Using Cascaded High-Order Silicon Microring Filters (2013)

High-contrast optical filtering is demonstrated using cascaded silicon microrings. We report an experimental measurement of a record 100 dB pass-band to stop-band contrast, tunable 12–125 GHz passband full-width at half-maximum, band-center insertion loss ripple <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${<}{3}~{\rm dB}$</tex></formula> , and a group delay ripple <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${<}{5}~{\rm ps}$</tex></formula> , using transverse electric polarized light.
Evaluation of piper cubeba extract, (‐)‐cubebin and its semi‐synthetic derivatives against oral pathogens (2007)

Abstract The activities of the crude ethanol extract from Piper cubeba seeds, (‐)‐cubebin and its semi‐synthetic derivatives were evaluated against oral pathogens. The crude ethanol extract was more active against Streptococcus salivarius (MIC value of 80 µg/mL). (‐)‐Cubebin displayed MIC values ranging from 0.20 m m for Streptococcus mitis to 0.35 m m for Enterococcus faecalis . The natural product (‐)‐cubebin and its semi‐synthetic derivative (‐)‐hinokinin displayed bacteriostatic activity at all evaluated concentrations, as well as fungicidal activity against Candida albicans at 0.28 m m . The O‐benzyl cubebin derivative showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against C. albicans at 0.28 m m and 0.35 m m , respectively. Also, the other dibenzylbutyrolactone derivatives [(‐)‐6,6′‐dinitrohinokinin and (‐)‐ O ‐(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl)‐cubebin] displayed bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects at the evaluated concentrations. Moreover, the semi‐synthetic derivative (‐)‐6,6′‐dinitrohinokinin was the most active compound against all the evaluated microorganisms. Therefore, it may be suggested that the presence of the carbonyl group at C‐9 plus the introduction of polar groups in the aromatic rings improve the antimicrobial activity of dibenzylbutyrolactone compounds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel inductor type high-torque motor with rare-earth magnet (2002)

A concept of an electromagnetic structure which exploits the excellent characteristics of a rare-earth magnet is proposed. Thin rare-earth metal magnet pieces are mounted on the surface of the stator teeth which face the airgap. The rotor is an inductor type. This type of motor is suitable for low-speed, high-torque applications by the action of inductor teeth. The relationship between the performance and electromagnetic geometry is investigated through the finite element method (FEM) analysis and experiments. The principle of torque generation and the associated characteristics are introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neuronal sensitivity to kainic acid is dependent on the Nrf2‐mediated actions of the antioxidant response element (2006)

The transcription factor, nuclear factor E2 (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is essential for the induction of a battery of phase II detoxification genes through the antioxidant response element (ARE) that lies in their promoter region. Genes driven by the ARE are up-regulated in response to various stressors of the cellular environment. These genetic changes to the cellular reducing potential may reflect an intrinsic damage response to harmful toxicants. Analysis of transgenic reporter mice following kainate injection revealed selective ARE activation within the damaged hippocampus. Further, 2 x 2 microarray analyses comparing Nrf2 knockout versus wild-type hippocampi unmasked gene changes associated with ion movement and myelination, in addition to alterations to detoxification-related genes. Nrf2 knockout mice were more sensitive to kainate toxicity, as evidenced by elevated seizure severity, seizure duration, hippocampal neuron damage and mortality. Knockout mice injected with kainate displayed altered glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity and increased microglial infiltration. The wild-type to knockout damage differential was not dependent on the peripheral metabolism of the excitotoxin, was well correlated with increased seizure susceptibility, and was therefore not necessarily the neuroprotective effects of Nrf2. These results combine to support a role for Nrf2 in the neural cell defense response of the adult brain.
Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures: A Review of Radiation Effects on Patients’ Skin and Hair (2010)

Most advice currently available with regard to fluoroscopic skin reactions is based on a table published in 1994. Many caveats in that report were not included in later reproductions, and subsequent research has yielded additional insights. This review is a consensus report of current scientific data. Expected skin reactions for an average patient are presented in tabular form as a function of peak skin dose and time after irradiation. The text and table indicate the variability of reactions in different patients. Images of injuries to skin and underlying tissues in patients and animals are provided and are categorized according to the National Cancer Institute skin toxicity scale, offering a basis for describing cutaneous radiation reactions in interventional fluoroscopy and quantifying their clinical severity. For a single procedure performed in most individuals, noticeable skin changes are observed approximately 1 month after a peak skin dose exceeding several grays. The degree of injury to skin and subcutaneous tissue increases with dose. Specialized wound care may be needed when irradiation exceeds 10 Gy. Residual effects from radiation therapy and from previous procedures influence the response of skin and subcutaneous tissues to subsequent procedures. Skin irradiated to a dose higher than 3-5 Gy often looks normal but reacts abnormally when irradiation is repeated. If the same area of skin is likely to be exposed to levels higher than a few grays, the effects of previous irradiation should be included when estimating the expected tissue reaction from the additional procedure.
A Statistical Algorithm for the Early Detection of Outbreaks of Infectious Disease (1996)

C. P. Farrington, N. J. Andrews, A. D. Beale, M. A. Catchpole, A Statistical Algorithm for the Early Detection of Outbreaks of Infectious Disease, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society), Vol. 159, No. 3 (1996), pp. 547-563
Characterization of functionally active subribosomal particles from <i>Thermus aquaticus</i> (1999)

Peptidyl transferase activity of Thermus aquaticus ribosomes is resistant to the removal of a significant number of ribosomal proteins by protease digestion, SDS, and phenol extraction. To define the upper limit for the number of macromolecular components required for peptidyl transferase, particles obtained by extraction of T. aquaticus large ribosomal subunits were isolated and their RNA and protein composition was characterized. Active subribosomal particles contained both 23S and 5S rRNA associated with notable amounts of eight ribosomal proteins. N-terminal sequencing of the proteins identified them as L2, L3, L13, L15, L17, L18, L21, and L22. Ribosomal protein L4, which previously was thought to be essential for the reconstitution of particles active in peptide bond formation, was not found. These findings, together with the results of previous reconstitution experiments, reduce the number of possible essential macromolecular components of the peptidyl transferase center to 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins L2 and L3. Complete removal of ribosomal proteins from T. aquaticus rRNA resulted in loss of tertiary folding of the particles and inactivation of peptidyl transferase. The accessibility of proteins in active subribosomal particles to proteinase hydrolysis was increased significantly after RNase treatment. These results and the observation that 50S ribosomal subunits exhibited much higher resistance to SDS extraction than 30S subunits are compatible with a proposed structural organization of the 50S subunit involving an RNA "cage" surrounding a core of a subset of ribosomal proteins.
The Ipl1/Aurora Kinase Family: Methods of Inhibition and Functional Analysis in Mammalian Cells (2004)

The Ipl1/Aurora family of protein kinases are required for accurate chromosome segregation. Because members of this family are often overexpressed in human tumors, they have recently received much attention, both from the academic community and the pharmaceutical industry. Indeed, two small molecule Aurora kinase inhibitors have recently been described. In this chapter, we describe several methods for investigating the function of the Aurora kinases, focusing on Aurora B. We describe the use of the small-molecule inhibitor ZM447439, RNA interference, and overexpression of a catalytic mutant. All of these methods have proved useful in studying Aurora B as well as validating it as a potential anticancer drug target. However, while all three methods are useful for probing the function of Aurora B, each has inherent advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, because the mechanism underlying the inhibition is different in each case, caution must be taken when interpreting the data.
Formation and radiative forcing of contrail cirrus (2018)

Aircraft-produced contrail cirrus clouds contribute to anthropogenic climate change. Observational data sets and modelling approaches have become available that clarify formation pathways close to the source aircraft and lead to estimates of the global distribution of their microphysical and optical properties. While contrail cirrus enhance the impact of natural clouds on climate, uncertainties remain regarding their properties and lifecycle. Progress in representing aircraft emissions, contrail cirrus and natural cirrus in global climate models together with tighter constraints on the sensitivity of the climate system will help judge efficiencies of and trade-offs between mitigation options.
Efficient Index-Based Audio Matching (2008)

Given a large audio database of music recordings, the goal of classical audio identification is to identify a particular audio recording by means of a short audio fragment. Even though recent identification algorithms show a significant degree of robustness towards noise, MP3 compression artifacts, and uniform temporal distortions, the notion of similarity is rather close to the identity. In this paper, we address a higher level retrieval problem, which we refer to as audio matching: given a short query audio clip, the goal is to automatically retrieve all excerpts from all recordings within the database that musically correspond to the query. In our matching scenario, opposed to classical audio identification, we allow semantically motivated variations as they typically occur in different interpretations of a piece of music. To this end, this paper presents an efficient and robust audio matching procedure that works even in the presence of significant variations, such as nonlinear temporal, dynamical, and spectral deviations, where existing algorithms for audio identification would fail. Furthermore, the combination of various deformation- and fault-tolerance mechanisms allows us to employ standard indexing techniques to obtain an efficient, index-based matching procedure, thus providing an important step towards semantically searching large-scale real-world music collections.
Immune components (IgA, IgM, IgG, immune cells) of colostrum of Bangladeshi mothers (2006)

Colostrum has enough humoral and cellular elements to protect babies. Therefore, immune protection derived from breastfeeding depends on the immunoglobulin level of the colostrum as well as the amount of colostrum ingested.
A speech coding algorithm based on predictive coding (2002)

Summary form only given. A compression algorithm for high quality speech signal using predictive coding techniques is developed. Code-excited linear predictive coding (CELPC) is one of the key techniques to compress speech signal to a bit-rate around 4.8 Kbps. However, due to the heavy computational requirement in the CELPC and speech signals usually can be divided into two portions: namely the based-band and the high-band frequency range. A hybrid CELPC and voice excited linear predictive coding (VELPC) scheme is developed for speech coding to reduce the complexity of the original CELPC. In the algorithm, a speech signal is firstly divided into two portions, the based-band and high-band respectively, in frequency domain, and then the low portion is coded with CELPC and the high-band portion is coded with VELPC. The test experiments showed this new coder can produce synthesized speech with good quality at a better bit rates than the original CELPC. When using the coding methods for the base-band and the high-band signal, we must decide how to divide the speech signal into two portions. In choosing the bandwidth of the base-band signal, there is a trade-off between the coding quality and the bit rate. In our experiment, the bandwidth of the base-band signal is chosen as one fourth of that of the original speech. Subjective evaluation experiments were conducted to test the performance of the hybrid CELPC and VELPC technique. For speech signal sampled at 8 kHz, a bit rate of 4.0 kbps can be achieved with frame intervals of 23 ms. The experimental results showed that the quality of the synthesized speech using hybrid coding technique at the bit rate of 4.0 kbps was almost the same as that of the CELPC at the bit rate of 4.8 kbps.
Combining Voltammetry with HPLC: Application to Electro-Oxidation of Glycerol (2010)

The combination of cyclic voltammetry and "online" chromatographic techniques for product detection is limited by the typically long analysis times in chromatographic columns. Therefore, traditionally, product analysis is performed offline after long bulk electrolysis experiments. To overcome the limitation of the inherently different time scales of voltammetry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we suggest here to adopt rapid online sample collection with a micrometer-sized sampling tip placed close to the working electrode, followed by offline analysis of the sample fractions in an HPLC system. To demonstrate this concept, we applied online fraction collection and offline HPLC analysis to the glycerol electro-oxidation on Au and Pt electrodes in alkaline media and show that we can successfully follow the concentration changes of glycerol and its reaction products in good correspondence with the current profile obtained simultaneously with voltammetry. Moreover, the method allows for a detailed discrimination of the different mechanisms of glycerol oxidation on both electrodes. Therefore, this simple approach enables the monitoring of soluble reaction products during voltammetry with an HPLC system and thereby allows for new insights into the mechanisms of complex multistep electrode reactions.
Reversible and in situ formation of organic arsenates and vanadates as organic phosphate mimics in enzymatic reactions: mechanistic investigation of aldol reactions and synthetic applications (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible and in situ formation of organic arsenates and vanadates as organic phosphate mimics in enzymatic reactions: mechanistic investigation of aldol reactions and synthetic applicationsDale G. Drueckhammer, J. Robert Durrwachter, Richard L. Pederson, Debbie C. Crans, Lacy Daniels, and Chi Huey WongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 1, 70–77Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00262a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00262a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views475Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rac1 Is Crucial for Hair Follicle Integrity but Is Not Essential for Maintenance of the Epidermis (2006)

Rac1 is a small GTPase that regulates the actin cytoskeleton but also other cellular processes. To investigate the function of Rac1 in skin, we generated mice with a keratinocyte-restricted deletion of the rac1 gene. Rac1-deficient mice lost nearly all of their hair within a few weeks after birth. The nonpermanent part of mutant hair follicles developed constrictions; lost expression of hair follicle-specific keratins, E-cadherin, and alpha6 integrin; and was eventually removed by macrophages. The permanent part of hair follicles and the sebaceous glands were maintained, but no regrowth of full-length hair follicles was observed. In the skin of mutant mice, epidermal keratinocytes showed normal differentiation, proliferation, cell-cell contacts, and basement membrane deposition, demonstrating no obvious defects of Rac1-deficient epidermis in vivo. In vitro, Rac1-null keratinocytes displayed a strong spreading defect and slightly impaired adhesion. These data show that Rac1 plays an important role in sustaining the integrity of the lower part of hair follicles but not in maintenance of the epidermis.