gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxin induces vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis selectively at wound sites (2000)

Relaxin is a reproductive hormone that has historically been characterized as being responsible for pubic ligament loosening and cervical ripening. Recently, relaxin has been associated with neovascularization of the endometrial lining of the uterus, potentially via specific induction of vascular endothelial growth factor. Previously conducted clinical studies using partially purified porcine relaxin have described relaxin's ability to stimulate the healing of ischemic wounds, suggesting that relaxin may also have angiogenic effects at sites of ischemic wound healing. In the present study, relaxin's angiogenic effects in the context of wound repair were tested in rodent models of angiogenesis and wound healing. Relaxin showed an ability to stimulate new blood vessel formation, particularly at ischemic wound sites, and to induce both vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor specifically in cells, presumably including macrophages, collected from wound sites. Resident macrophages collected from nonwound sites, such as the lung, did not show altered expression of these cytokines following relaxin administration. Because angiogenic wound cells are frequently macrophages, THP-1 cells, a cell line of monocyte lineage that binds relaxin specifically, were tested for and shown to induce vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in response to relaxin. In conclusion, relaxin may be useful in the treatment of ischemic wounds by stimulating angiogenesis via the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in wound macrophages.
Optical Microscopy in the Nano-World (1997)

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is an optical microscopy whose resolution is not bound to the diffraction limit. It provides chemical information based upon spectral, polarization and/or fluorescence contrast images. Details as small as 20 nm can be recognized. Photophysical and photochemical effects can be studied with SNOM on a similar scale. This article reviews a good deal of the experimental and theoretical work on SNOM in Switzerland.
Laboratory experiments with an FM-CW reflectometry system proposed for detecting and monitoring bridge scour in real time (2000)

Thousands of bridges throughout the United States have been identified as being scour critical (i.e., susceptible to failure from pier and (or) abutment scour). Scour occurs during times of rapid river flow when sediments, including rocks, gravel, and silt, are transported by the currents, undermining bridge pier foundations and similar structures. It can be increased by the presence of an ice cover. The scour process is dynamic; erosion and deposition can occur during the same high-energy river event, so the worst-case and the net effect cannot be easily predicted or dynamically monitored using previously available equipment. Herein, a technique and system (U.S. Patent #5,790,471) employing frequency modulated - continuous wave (FM-CW) reflectometry are discussed. This system is proposed for continuous monitoring of the extent of scour around riverine structures. A bench scale version of the system with a 490-MHz linearly swept bandwidth was implemented and tested in the laboratory, where sediments were incrementally added to a water-filled plastic barrel containing an 86-cm-long scour probe. Reflectometer data were taken after each increment of sediment was added. The data indicating the sediment boundary were plotted in a waterfall format that clearly shows the progressive sedimentation. This system has the potential for continuous round-the-clock operation and accuracy to within 5 cm of sediment depth. Key words: reflectometry, real-time monitoring, frequency modulated continuous wave, scour, sediment transport.
Time-Resolved Infrared Spectral Photography: A New Technique (1979)

A new technique for photographic or multichannel photoelectric recording of broad band infrared absorption spectra with approximately 5-ns time resolution is described. The technique is based on resonant four-wave mixing in alkali metal vapors.
20 GHz high performance planar Si/InGaAs <i>p-i-n</i> photodetector (1997)

Planar Si/InGaAs wafer fused p-i-n photodetectors were fabricated and measured. They show high internal quantum efficiency, high speed, record low dark current, and no evidence of charge trapping, recombination centers, or a bandgap discontinuity at the heterointerface.
Genetic Markers for PTSD Risk and Resilience Among Survivors of the World Trade Center Attacks (2011)

We have previously reported the differential expression of 17 probe sets in survivors of the 9/11 attacks with current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to similarly exposed survivors with no lifetime PTSD. The current study presents an expanded analysis of these subjects, including genotype at FKBP5, a modulator of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity. It includes data from additional subjects who developed PTSD following 9/11 but then recovered, distinguishing expression profiles associated with risk for developing PTSD, resilience, and symptom recovery. 40 Caucasians (20 with and 20 without PTSD, matched for exposure, age, and gender) were selected from a population-representative sample of persons exposed to the 9/11 attacks from which longitudinal data had been collected in four previous waves. Whole blood gene expression and cortisol levels were obtained and genome-wide gene expression was analyzed. 25 probe sets were differentially expressed in PTSD. Identified genes were generally involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, signal transduction, or in brain and immune cell function. STAT5B, a direct inhibitor of GR, and nuclear factor I/A, both showed reduced expression in PTSD. Comparison of lifetime versus current PTSD identified overlapping genes with altered expression suggesting enduring markers, while some markers present only in current PTSD may reflect state measures. As a follow-up, direct comparisons of expression in current PTSD, lifetime-only PTSD, and control groups identified FKBP5 and MHC Class II as state markers, and also identified several trait markers. An analysis of indirect effects revealed that homozygosity for any of 4 PTSD risk-related polymorphisms at FKBP5 predicted FKBP5 expression, which mediated indirect effects of genotype on plasma cortisol and PTSD severity.
Using link awareness for HTTP Adaptive Streaming over changing wireless conditions (2015)

We address the problem of delivering streaming video over changing wireless conditions in the context of HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) systems, such as those based on the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard. In HAS, the video client plays the primary role in rate adaptation unlike server controlled video delivery systems. Performance of adaptive streaming over rapidly changing wireless conditions degrades due to the slower time-scale of response at the application layer compared to the time scale of changing radio link conditions. We propose a novel physical layer aware video rate adaptation strategy for HAS systems in which the HAS client uses physical layer modem statistics as a complement to application layer throughput estimate to enable quick identification and response to changing radio link conditions. This novel HAS rate adaptation algorithm includes a "Replace Request" feature wherein the HAS client can replace a current video segment request at the HAS server under suitable conditions. We demonstrate improved video streaming performance of our approach through simulations on a 3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) system level simulator.
Protection of the Small Intestine against Irradiation by Means of a Removable Adapted Prosthesis: A Preliminary Study (1989)

A prosthesis was designed to protect the intestinal loop from external beam radiation therapy, when postoperative radiation is indicated. It is a silicone-made inflatable balloon, the implantation of which permits to drive the intestinal loops out of the irradiation field, and which is easy to remove after radiation therapy. The device has been used in 7 patients, 4 patients with a retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma and 3 patients with recurrent pelvic tumor. After surgical resection of the tumor the device is placed either in the retroperitoneal space or in the pelvic cavity. A polyglactine 910 mesh is placed between the spacer and the bowel to prevent loop incarceration. The prosthesis can be emptied between each radiation course and then removed through a 3-cm incision under local or locoregional anesthesia. The tolerance of the small intestine of the radiation therapy has been satisfactory in each case with no bowel injury due to radiation. Therefore, this simple device might be useful in order to prevent bowel injury during postoperative radiation in the treatment of abdominal and retroperitoneal tumor masses when indicated.
Type S Non‐Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases for the Rapid Generation of Tailormade Peptide Libraries** (2022)

Bacterial natural products in general, and non-ribosomally synthesized peptides in particular, are structurally diverse and provide us with a broad range of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivities. Yet, traditional natural product research suffers from rediscovering the same scaffolds and has been stigmatized as inefficient, time-, labour- and cost-intensive. Combinatorial chemistry, on the other hand, can produce new molecules in greater numbers, cheaper and in less time than traditional natural product discovery, but also fails to meet current medical needs due to the limited biologically relevant chemical space that can be addressed. Consequently, methods for the high throughput generation of new natural products would offer a new approach to identifying novel bioactive chemical entities for the hit to lead phase of drug discovery programs. As a follow-up to our previously published proof-of-principle study on generating bipartite type S non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), we now envisaged the de novo generation of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) on an unreached scale. Using synthetic zippers, we split NRPSs in up to three subunits and rapidly generated different bi- and tripartite NRPS libraries to produce 49 peptides, peptide derivatives, and de novo peptides at good titres up to 145 mg L<sup>-1</sup> . A further advantage of type S NRPSs not only is the possibility to easily expand the created libraries by re-using previously created type S NRPS, but that functions of individual domains as well as domain-domain interactions can be studied and assigned rapidly.
Quadpupole mass spectrometer (1984)

A quadrupole mass spectrometer wherein the quadrupole and the ion detector are not in axial alignment with each other, with an exit apertured plate having an exit aperture disposed adjacent the exit end of the quadrupole and an entrance apertured plate having an entrance aperture disposed in front of the ion detector. An electrode in the form of a hollow cylinder or a plate having a circular aperture formed therein is interposed between the exit apertured plate and the entrance apertured plate so that the central axis of the aperture of the electrode is aligned with that of the entrance aperture to the ion detector. A controller is provided to apply a voltage individually to the exit apertured plate and the interposed electrode so that the action of the fringing electric field about the exit end of the quadrupole to cause divergence of the ion beam is substantially suppressed.
L-657,398, a novel antifungal agent: Fermentation, isolation, structural elucidation and biological properties. (1988)

L-657,398 is a broad spectrum antifungal agent isolated from solid fermentation or from the mycelium of the liquid fermentation of Aspergillus ochraceus. Structurally, the compound is a novel pyrollidine related to anisomycin.
Acoustic pressure wave generation within an MR imaging system: Potential medical applications (1991)

Abstract The static magnetic field of a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system was used as a component of an electromagnetic transducer for generating acoustic pressure waves. To permit limited focusing, the transducer was constructed from a conductive thin plate shaped like a section of a sphere. The plate was placed within the static field of the MR unit (B 0 = 1.5 T), and current pulses with a rise time of 73 nsec and amplitude of 1.0 kA were applied to it. Hydrophonic recording demonstrated a shock wave with a peak pressure of 4.8 MPa at the approximated focal point. MR guidance of lithotripsy would be particularly useful to limit undesirable soft‐tissue damage. It is also suggested that the integration of an acoustic pressure wave generator with MR imaging and control provides a novel technology for the treatment of solid soft‐tissue tumors.
Capture of carbon dioxide by solid amine sorbents (2004)

The reaction of tetraethylorthrosilcate (TEOS) with y-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) has produced stable solid amine sorbents for the capture of carbon dioxide. The resulting amine-enriched silicon sorbent (SBA-15) has been proven to be competitive with existing environmental CO2 controlled life sorbents based on the immobilised amine technology. XPS analysis has indicated that the amine groups (N1s Peak) were incorporated onto the surfaces of this amine-based sorbent in the range of 7%. The performance of the SBA-15 was comparable to the commercially available immobilised amine sorbent (IAS).
Baseband Equivalent Volterra Series for Digital Predistortion of Dual-Band Power Amplifiers (2014)

This paper proposes a new dual-band baseband equivalent (BBE) Volterra model devised to predict the behavior of dual-band power amplifiers (PAs) and/or to linearize their response. A series of derivations were applied to the original continuous passband Volterra-series expression to uncover a simple formulation that related the BBE envelopes of the output signals in each band to those at the input in the discrete domain. This yielded an inherently low-complexity dual-band Volterra-series model that does not require the empirical pruning commonly applied to the low-pass equivalent Volterra series. The proposed model was successfully applied to digitally predistort and linearize a dual-band 45-W class-AB GaN PA driven with different dual-band dual-standard test signals. For each band, the model necessitated less than 25 coefficients to reduce the adjacent channel leakage power ratio ACLR by up to 25 dB.
Photoluminescence imaging of silicon wafers (2006)

Photoluminescence imaging is demonstrated to be an extremely fast spatially resolved characterization technique for large silicon wafers. The spatial variation of the effective minority carrier lifetime is measured without being affected by minority carrier trapping or by excess carriers in space charge regions, effects that lead to experimental artifacts in other techniques. Photoluminescence imaging is contactless and can therefore be used for process monitoring before and after individual processing stages, for example, in photovoltaics research. Photoluminescence imaging is also demonstrated to be fast enough to be used as an in-line tool for spatially resolved characterization in an industrial environment.
ChemInform Abstract: LOW‐TEMPERATURE DENSIFICATION OF LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE WITH VANADIUM PENTOXIDE ADDITIVE (1981)

Abstract Zusätze von 0.1‐6.0 Gew.‐% V 2 O 5 beschleunigen die Verdichtung von Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 unterhalb 975 °C und ersparen dadurch eine Kontrolle der PbO‐Aktivität in der Sinteratmosphäre.
Multimodal Face Recognition: Combination of Geometry with Physiological Information (2005)

It is becoming increasingly important to be able to credential and identify authorized personnel at key points of entry. Such identity management systems commonly employ biometric identifiers. In this paper, we present a novel multimodal facial recognition approach that employs data from both visible spectrum and thermal infrared sensors. Data from multiple cameras is used to construct a three-dimensional mesh representing the face and a facial thermal texture map. An annotated face model with explicit two-dimensional parameterization (UV) is then fitted to this data to construct: 1) a three-channel UV deformation image encoding geometry, and 2) a one-channel UV vasculature image encoding facial vasculature. Recognition is accomplished by comparing: 1) the parametric deformation images, 2) the parametric vasculature images, and 3) the visible spectrum texture maps. The novelty of our work lies in the use of deformation images and physiological information as means for comparison. We have performed extensive tests on the Face Recognition Grand Challenge v1.0 dataset and on our own multimodal database with very encouraging results.
Optical Sensing Method for Screening Disease in Melon Seeds by Using Optical Coherence Tomography (2011)

We report a noble optical sensing method to diagnose seed abnormalities using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Melon seeds infected with Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) were scanned by OCT. The cross-sectional sensed area of the abnormal seeds showed an additional subsurface layer under the surface which is not found in normal seeds. The presence of CGMMV in the sample was examined by a blind test (n = 140) and compared by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The abnormal layers (n = 40) were quantitatively investigated using A-scan sensing analysis and statistical method. By utilizing 3D OCT image reconstruction, we confirmed the distinctive layers on the whole seeds. These results show that OCT with the proposed data processing method can systemically pick up morphological modification induced by viral infection in seeds, and, furthermore, OCT can play an important role in automatic screening of viral infections in seeds.
Single-clock-cycle, multilayer encryption algorithm for single-channel IoT communications (2017)

Pulsed-Index Communication (PIC) is a novel technique for single-channel, high-data rate, low-power dynamic signaling that does not require any clock and data recovery. It is fully adapted to the simple yet robust communication needs of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors. However, securing PIC using available conventional symmetric block cipher techniques is not feasible as it significantly degrades PIC attributes of low power, small area, and high data rates. For instance, symmetric stream ciphers such as A5/1 need several clock cycles to encrypt the data, which would reduce the PIC data rate. In this paper, we present a modified A5/1 cipher technique, called MA5/1, that generates a full keystream in one clock cycle, this securing PIC while satisfying all its requirements. Furthermore, using PIC's salient feature of transmitting index pulse streams, we provide an additional layer of packet security that makes it difficult for an attacker to receive and decode the packet before targeting MA5/1. When combined, these two techniques present a two-layer, hard-to-break challenge to an attacker, thus protecting PIC communication in an IoT network. The secure PIC is prototyped and verified in both FPGA and ASIC. In particular, we show that for an ASIC implementation in 65nm technology, the low-power operation of PIC is maintained, consuming only 27μW of power at a clock frequency of 25MHz.
Spin microscope based on optically detected magnetic resonance (2004)

We propose a scanning magnetic microscope which has a photoluminescence nanoprobe implanted in the tip of an atomic force microscope, (AFM) scanning tunneling microscope (STM), or near-field scanning optical microscope, and exhibits optically detected magnetic resonance. The proposed spin microscope has nanoscale lateral resolution and the single spin sensitivity for AFM and STM.
Lexicalized context-free grammars (1993)

Lexicalized context-free grammar (LCFG) is an attractive compromise between the parsing efficiency of context-free grammar (CFC) and the elegance and lexical sensitivity of lexicalized treeadjoining grammar (LTAG). LCFC is a restricted form of LTAG that can only generate contextfree languages and can be parsed in cubic time. However, LCF(I supports much of the elegance of LTAG's analysis of English and shares with LTAG the ability to lexicalize CF(I;s without changing the trees generated.
Preliminary observations on differences in the Raman spectra of cancerous and noncancerous cells and connective tissue of human skin (2005)

A less invasive method of reliably detecting skin cancers is required. Raman spectroscopy is just one of several spectroscopic methods that look promising, but are not yet sufficiently reliable. More information is needed on how and why the Raman spectra of cancerous skin tissue is different from its normal counterpart. We have used confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy with a spatial resolution of about a micron to obtain spectra of unstained thin sections of human skin. We found that there were clear differences in the Raman spectra between cancerous and non-cancerous tissue both in cells and in the connective tissue. The DNA contribution to the spectra was generally stronger in malignant cells than normal ones. In regions of the dermis far away from the tumor one obtains the usual collagen spectra of normal skin, but adjacent to the tumor the spectra no longer appeared to be those of native collagen.
A near-infrared fluorescence off–on probe for sensitive imaging of hydrogen polysulfides in living cells and mice in vivo (2017)

A new hemicyanine-based near-infrared fluorescence off-on probe with phenyl 2-(benzoylthio)benzoate as the recognition moiety to trap hydrogen polysulfides (H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>n</sub>, n > 1) is developed, and is used for the sensitive imaging of H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>n</sub> in cells and mice in vivo.
Using navigation data to improve IR functions in the context of web search (2001)

As part of the process of delivering content, devices like proxies and gateways log valuable information about the activities and navigation patterns of users on the Web. In this study, we consider how this navigation data can be used to improve Web search. A query posted to a search engine together with the set of pages accessed during a search task is known as a search session. We develop a mixture model for the observed set of search sessions, and propose variants of the classical EM algorithm for training. The model itself yields a type of navigation-based query clustering. By implicitly borrowing strength between related queries, the mixture formulation allows us to identify the "highly relevant" URLs for each query cluster. Next, we explore methods for incorporating existing labeled data (the Yahoo! directory, for example) to speed convergence and help resolve low-traffic clusters. Finally, the mixture formulation also provides for a simple, hierarchical display of search results based on the query clusters. The effectiveness of our approach is evaluated using proxy access logs for the outgoing Lucent proxy.