gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ProfileRank (2013)

Understanding information diffusion processes that take place on the Web, specially in social media, is a fundamental step towards the design of effective information diffusion mechanisms, recommendation systems, and viral marketing/advertising campaigns. Two key concepts in information diffusion are influence and relevance. Influence is the ability to popularize content in an online community. To this end, influentials introduce and propagate relevant content, in the sense that such content satisfies the information needs of a significant portion of this community.
Red de alumnos normalistas trabajando: pensar globalmente, actuar virtualmente (2012)

El artículo expone una reflexión de dos estudiantes normalistas de Guanajuato y del Estado de México, pertenecientes a una red virtual de alumnos, como actividad que complementa su formación. Ésta es coordinada por un académico de la Escuela Normal Superior Oficial de Guanajuato con apoyo de cuatro docentes de Escuelas Normales del Estado de México y pretende favorecer el desarrollo de competencias digitales como futuros docentes. El grupo trabaja virtualmente en una plataforma ad hoc para ello, en uno de los mayores buscadores del orbe: Google. La red se denomina: “Red de Alumnos Normalistas Trabajando”, título que tiene que ver con el propósito mencionado, basado en una perspectiva constructivista, donde profesores y estudiantes al interactuar entre sí, se convierten en monitores que favorecen una dinámica basada en el aprendizaje colaborativo. El uso de Google Groups y sus diversas herramientas posibilitan que aprendamos a usarlas de manera reflexiva y analítica, pues ahí se plasman diversos puntos de vista, propiciando el desarrollo de diversas competencias docentes en ambientes virtuales, proporcionando una alfabetización digital que permite utilizar de manera eficaz y eficiente estos nuevos instrumentos tecnológicos que constituyen las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), en actividades profesionales y personales.
Upper limit of thermophotovoltaic solar-energy conversion (1980)

The efficiency of the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by solar cells is improved if the incident solar radiation is first absorbed by an intermediate absorber. The reemitted radiation is directed onto the solar cell. This mode of operation is known as thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. A black-body intermediate absorber is advantageous for small-bandgap solar cells. An even higher improvement is, however, achieved by a selective intermediate absorber with an absorption edge at the energy of the bandgap of the solar cell. Furthermore, if only a narrow spectral interval of radiation near the absorption edge is transmitted through a filter from the intermediate absorber to the solar cell, a maximum efficiency of 65 percent is obtained for a solar cell and absorber with a bandgap of 0.8 eV.
Hybrid Photonic Crystal-Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguiding System for On-Chip Sensing Applications (2018)

In this paper, a hybrid optical guiding system based on low group velocity offered by photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides and vertical confinement as well as high field enhancement of. Surface lasmon polaritons (SPP) is proposed. We show that for efficient sensing, conventional two-dimensional PhC waveguides with finite height require a high aspect ratio in the order of 30 in order to efficiently confine the guiding mode. The fabrication of devices with such a high aspect ratio is considered too challenging and inefficient for mass production. By combining a PhC waveguide and SPPs, the proposed system efficiently confines the optical mode vertically while benefiting from the lateral confinement enabled by PhC structures. As a result, the required aspect ratio drops to about 4 making the fabrication in large scale feasible. This design provides strong light-matter interaction within small dimensions, which is beneficial for miniaturizing on-chip photonic sensors.
Planar photonic crystal waveguide devices for integrated optics (2003)

The concept of photonic crystal waveguides and related device applications in integrated optics are discussed, as well as some of the fabrication technology required to realise these structures in practise. Photonic crystal waveguides interact with light on a wavelength scale, which leads to a novel class of miniaturised devices that display designer dispersion.
Ultrathin multicomponent poly(ether sulfone) membranes for gas separation made by dry/wet phase inversion (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrathin multicomponent poly(ether sulfone) membranes for gas separation made by dry/wet phase inversionIngo Pinnau, Jan Wind, and Klaus Viktor PeinemannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 10, 2028–2032Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00106a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00106a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views679Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monolithic transparent 3D dielectrophoretic micro-actuator fabricated by femtosecond laser (2015)

We demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic micro-actuator fabricated by non-ablative femtosecond laser micromachining and subsequent chemical etching. The actuating principle is based on dielectrophoresis. An analytical modeling of this actuation scheme is conducted, which is capable of performance prediction, parameter optimization and instability analysis. Static and dynamic characterizations are experimentally verified. An actuation range of 30 mu m is well attainable; resonances are captured with an evaluated quality factor of 40 (measured in air) and a bandwidth of 5 Hz for the primary vertical resonance of 200 Hz. A settling time of 200 ms in transient response indicates the damping properties of such actuation scheme. This actuation principle suppresses the need for electrodes on the mobile, non-conductive component and is particularly interesting for moving transparent elements. Thanks to the flexibility of the manufacturing process, it can be coupled to other functionalities within monolithic transparent micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) for applications like tunable optical couplers.
Oxycodone<i>N</i>-oxide (2012)

The title compound, (5R,9R,13S,14S,17R)-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-4,5-epoxymorphinan-6-one N-oxide, C(18)H(21)NO(5), has been prepared in a diastereomerically pure form by the reaction of oxycodone with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid and subsequent crystallization of the product from chloroform. The crystal packing shows that the molecule exhibits intramolecular O-H···O [D···A = 2.482 (2) Å] hydrogen bonding. In addition, there are weak intermolecular C-H...O interactions which, along with van der Waals forces, stabilize the structure. The new chiral center at the 17-position is demonstrated to be R.
From Data to Predictions and Decisions: Enabling Evidence-Based Healthcare (2010)

Nearly 2500 years ago, Hippocrates kicked off a revolution in healthcare by calling for the careful collection and recording of evidence about patients and their illnesses. This call—which first introduced the goal of sharing data among physicians to provide the best care possible for patients—established a foundation for the evolution of modern healthcare. Although 25 centuries have passed since Hippocrates’ call, we have not yet attained the dream of true evidence-based healthcare. Large quantities of data about wellness and illness continue to be dropped on the floor, rather than collected and harnessed to optimize the provision of care. We are simply not yet doing the best that we can.
A 2.125 Gbaud 1.6 kΩ transimpedance preamplifier in 0.5 μm CMOS (2003)

A 2.125 Gbaud Fibre Channel compliant preamplifler employs a common-gate input stage followed by a cascoded common-source stage with on-chip inductive gain peaking to achieve a 1.6 k/spl Omega/ transimpedance and 0.6 /spl mu/A input referred current noise, while operating with a photodiode capacitance of 0.6 pF. A fully differential topology ensures good substrate and supply noise immunity. The amplifier, implemented in a triple metal, single poly, 14 GHz f(T/sub max/), 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process, dissipates 225 mW of which 110 mW is consumed by the 50 /spl Omega/ output driver stage.
Validation of smoking cessation self-reported by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2011)

Many primary care patients with COPD do not provide valid information on their smoking status, which hamper adequate therapeutic interventions. Integration of biochemical validation in daily care could overcome this problem, but may harm the doctor-patient relationship.
MicroRNA-125b-5p mimic inhibits acute liver failure (2016)

The lack of broad-spectrum anti-acute liver failure (ALF) therapeutic agents contributes to ALF-related mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are suggested to be potent serum biomarkers for ALF, but their functional and therapeutic relevance in ALF are unclear. Here we show an unbiased approach, using two complementary miRNA screens, to identify miRNAs that can attenuate ALF. We identify miR-125b-5p as a regulator of cell death that attenuates paracetamol-induced and FAS-induced toxicity in mouse and human hepatocytes. Importantly, administration of miR-125b-5p mimic in mouse liver prevents injury and improves survival in models of ALF. Functional studies show that miR-125b-5p ameliorates ALF by directly regulating kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, in turn elevating expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, a known regulator in ALF. Collectively, our findings establish miR-125b-5p as an important regulator of paracetamol-induced and FAS-induced cell death. Thus, miR-125b-5p mimic may serve as a broad-spectrum therapeutic attenuator of cell death during ALF.
Effect of Diluents on Tablet Integrity and Controlled Drug Release (2000)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diluents and wax level on tablet integrity during heat treatment and dissolution for sustained-release formulations and the resultant effect on drug release. Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and lactose were evaluated for their effect on tablet integrity during drug dissolution and heat treatment in wax matrix formulations. A newly developed direct compression diluent, dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), was also evaluated. Compritol 888 ATO was used as the wax matrix material, with phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA) as a model drug. Tablets were made by direct compression and then subjected to heat treatment at 80 degrees C for 30 min. The results showed that MCC, lactose, and DCPA could maintain tablets intact during heat treatment above the melting point of wax (70 degrees C-75 degrees C). However, DCPD tablets showed wax egress during the treatment. MCC tablets swelled and cracked during drug dissolution and resulted in quick release. DCPD and lactose tablets remained intact during dissolution and gave slower release than MCC tablets. DCPA tablets without heat treatment disintegrated very quickly and showed immediate release. In contrast, heat-treated DCPA tablets remained intact through the 24-hr dissolution test and only released about 80% PPA at 6 hr. In the investigation of wax level, DCPD was used as the diluent. The drug release rate decreased as the wax content increased from 15% to 81.25%. The dissolution data were best described by the Higuchi square-root-of-time model. Diluents showed various effects during heat treatment and drug dissolution. The integrity of the tablets was related to the drug release rate. Heat treatment retarded drug release if there was no wax egress.
Architectures, features, and implementation of high-speed transport protocols (1991)

The results of a literature survey of the characteristics of high-speed protocols, new protocol architectures, and implementation techniques for these protocols are presented. A general description of transport protocol services is followed by a small sample of gigabit applications that might utilize a high-speed network. The applications considered are distributed processing, full-motion video, video-on-demand, and computer imaging. The problems with current transport protocols and protocol architectures are examined. General concepts for high-speed protocols and protocol architectures are presented. Specific design techniques suggested for high-speed protocols and the potential impacts of each are discussed, covering connection management data transfer, buffer management, and functionality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Campylobacter pylori</i>in health and disease: An ecological perspective (1988)

The successful isolation by Marshall in 1984 of a spiral-shaped bacterium, at present called Campylobacter pylori, has sparked a resurgence of interest in the role of bacteria in stomach disease. C. pylori has been shown to be the causative agent of active chronic gastritis in humans. There is also accumulating evidence that this organism plays a significant role in the initiation of duodenal ulcers. The association of this organism with the human stomach is reviewed with an ecological bias. It is suggested that C. pylori is a member of a group of highly adapted mucus colonising bacteria that inhabit the gastrointestinal surfaces of all animals studied. The natural niche of C. pylori is the human stomach; over the period of evolution the organism has become well suited to the environment of gastric mucus and gastric epithelium. However C. pylori is only ‘almost’ normal flora as is always associated with a pathology albeit mild and most often asymptomatic. Understanding the factors that allow colonisation of the gastric mucosa, e.g. possibly morphology, special motility, microaerophilism, urease activity etc., provides a rational basis for the selection of appropriate methods of treatment and prophylaxis. There is a need to identify the ‘triggers’ to C. pylori associated symptomatology. An ecological approach to the microbiology, histopathology, symptomatology, and epidemiology of C. pylori infection in humans could resolve some of the controversy over the role of this organism in peptic and duodenal disease.
Transfer of aligned single crystal silicon nanowires to transparent substrates (2008)

We demonstrate the method of transferring aligned single crystal silicon nanowires (SiNWs) to transparent substrate. The alignment of the transferred nanowires is almost identical to the original one. The density of the transferred SiNWs can achieve 3×10<sup>7</sup> nanowires/mm<sup>2</sup>. The low temperature fabrication processes are compatible for a wide range of substrates. The transmission coefficient below 10 % at a wide bandwidth, 400-1100 nm, was found in the transferred SiNWs. The high dense aligned SiNWs are promising for future photovoltaic applications.
Active Feature-Value Acquisition (2009)

Most induction algorithms for building predictive models take as input training data in the form of feature vectors. Acquiring the values of features may be costly, and simply acquiring all values may be wasteful or prohibitively expensive. Active feature-value acquisition (AFA) selects features incrementally in an attempt to improve the predictive model most cost-effectively. This paper presents a framework for AFA based on estimating information value. Although straightforward in principle, estimations and approximations must be made to apply the framework in practice. We present an acquisition policy, sampled expected utility (SEU), that employs particular estimations to enable effective ranking of potential acquisitions in settings where relatively little information is available about the underlying domain. We then present experimental results showing that, compared with the policy of using representative sampling for feature acquisition, SEU reduces the cost of producing a model of a desired accuracy and exhibits consistent performance across domains. We also extend the framework to a more general modeling setting in which feature values as well as class labels are missing and are costly to acquire.
Nosocomial Infection (2021)

Nosocomial infections are an important determinant of outcome for patients in the ICU setting. Systematic research aimed at improving the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections is still needed.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Within the Thrombomodulin Gene (<i>THBD</i>) Predict Mortality in Patients With Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2014)

Purpose Steroid-refractory graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major and often fatal complication after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (alloSCT). Although the pathophysiology of steroid refractoriness is not fully understood, evidence is accumulating that endothelial cell stress is involved, and endothelial thrombomodulin (THBD) plays a role in this process. Here we assess whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the THBD gene predict outcome after alloSCT. Patients and Methods Seven SNPs within the THBD gene were studied (rs1962, rs1042579, rs1042580, rs3176123, rs3176124, rs3176126, and rs3176134) in a training cohort of 306 patients. The relevant genotypes were then validated in an independent cohort (n = 321). Results In the training cohort, an increased risk of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was associated with three of seven SNPs tested: rs1962, rs1042579 (in linkage disequilibrium with rs3176123), and rs1042580. When patients were divided into risk groups (one v no high-risk SNP), a strong correlation with NRM was observed (hazard ratio [HR], 2.31; 95% CI, 1.36 to 3.95; P = .002). More specifically, NRM was predicted by THBD SNPs in patients who later developed GVHD (HR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.61 to 5.68; P < .001) but not in patients without GVHD. In contrast, THBD SNPs did not predict incidence of acute GVHD. Multivariable analyses adjusting for clinical variables confirmed the independent effect of THBD SNPs on NRM. All findings could be reproduced in the validation cohort. Conclusion THBD SNPs predict mortality of manifest GVHD but not the risk of acquiring GVHD, supporting the hypothesis that endothelial vulnerability contributes to GVHD refractoriness.
Understanding Individual Neuron Importance Using Information Theory. (2018)

In this work, we investigate the use of three information-theoretic quantities -- entropy, mutual information with the class variable, and a class selectivity measure based on Kullback-Leibler divergence -- to understand and study the behavior of already trained fully-connected feed-forward neural networks. We analyze the connection between these information-theoretic quantities and classification performance on the test set by cumulatively ablating neurons in networks trained on MNIST, FashionMNIST, and CIFAR-10. Our results parallel those recently published by Morcos et al., indicating that class selectivity is not a good indicator for classification performance. However, looking at individual layers separately, both mutual information and class selectivity are positively correlated with classification performance, at least for networks with ReLU activation functions. We provide explanations for this phenomenon and conclude that it is ill-advised to compare the proposed information-theoretic quantities across layers. Finally, we briefly discuss future prospects of employing information-theoretic quantities for different purposes, including neuron pruning and studying the effect that different regularizers and architectures have on the trained neural network. We also draw connections to the information bottleneck theory of neural networks.
New records of Heteroptera from Serbia (Insecta: Heteroptera, Tingidae) (2005)

The Serbian fauna of Heteroptera is increased by four new species from the family Tingidae. These species are: Catoplatus fabricii (St?l), Copium teucrii teucrii (Host), Derephysia cristata (Panzer), and Dictyla convergens (Herrich-Schaeffer). The paper also includes a summary of literature data on the heteropteran biology and distribution.
Viewpoint: When Will AI Exceed Human Performance? Evidence from AI Experts (2018)

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) will transform modern life by reshaping transportation, health, science, finance, and the military. To adapt public policy, we need to better anticipate these advances. Here we report the results from a large survey of machine learning researchers on their beliefs about progress in AI. Researchers predict AI will outperform humans in many activities in the next ten years, such as translating languages (by 2024), writing high-school essays (by 2026), driving a truck (by 2027), working in retail (by 2031), writing a bestselling book (by 2049), and working as a surgeon (by 2053). Researchers believe there is a 50% chance of AI outperforming humans in all tasks in 45 years and of automating all human jobs in 120 years, with Asian respondents expecting these dates much sooner than North Americans. These results will inform discussion amongst researchers and policymakers about anticipating and managing trends in AI. This article is part of the special track on AI and Society.
Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of Creatine Kinase MB Mass Assay by IMx: Comparison with MB Isoenzyme Activity and Serum Myoglobin for Early Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction (1992)

We analytically and clinically evaluated Abbott's IMx assay for creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) in serum. Over a 1-year period, the method was more specific but less precise than catalytic isoenzyme measurements by electrophoresis or immunoinhibition. Sera from different individuals without electrophoretic evidence of CK-MB but containing macro CK type 1 (n = 20), mitochondrial CK (n = 5), or CK-BB (n = 5) were scored as CK-MB negative by the IMx. Likewise, CK-MB-negative by the sera remained so after addition of purified human CK-MM (< or = 7600 U/L) or CK-BB (< or = 8100 U/L). For 39 patients admitted for suspicion of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (precordial pain for < or = 4 h), the diagnostic performance of the IMx CK-MB assay on admission and 4 h later was superior to that of total CK activity and compared well with that of CK-MB activity measured by electrophoresis or immunoinhibition. An admission, myoglobin showed a higher diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value than did CK-MB and was the most informative test. Diagnostic performance on admission and 4 h later was further improved by considering positivity for myoglobin and for CK-MB by IMx and for the change in each over the first 4 h of hospitalization as criteria. Twelve hours after admission, diagnostic performance was further improved for all CK and CK-MB methods but began to decline for myoglobin.