gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of prostate cancer metastasis in vivo: a comparison of 1,23-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) and EB1089. (1999)

The steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D, also known as calcitriol] is known to inhibit the proliferation and to promote the differentiation of human prostate cancer cells. Additionally, we showed that 1,25(OH)2D markedly inhibits the invasiveness of human prostate cancer cells in vitro (G. G. Schwartz et al., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 6: 727-732, 1997). These properties support the use of 1,25(OH)2D as differentiation therapy in prostate cancer. However, the use of 1,25(OH)2D in vivo is limited by the risk of hypercalcemia. We therefore compared the effects of 1,25(OH)2D and of EB1089, an analogue of 1,25(OH)2D with reduced calcemic effects, in an in vivo model of androgen-insensitive metastatic prostate cancer, the rat Dunning MAT LyLu prostate cancer model. Tumor growth and metastasis were studied using Copenhagen rats given s.c. injections of MAT LyLu cells. Fifty male rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each. Four experimental groups received i.p. injections of low and high doses of 1,25(OH)2D and EB1089 (0.5 and 1.0 microg/kg, low and high, respectively). A control group received injections of vehicle only. Tumor volumes were measured three times per week. Rats were weighed weekly. The number of metastases to the lungs and the extent of hypercalcemia were evaluated. Compared with controls, tumor volumes were significantly smaller in all experimental groups. Similarly, the number of lung metastases (number of foci/lung) was reduced markedly by both 1,25(OH)2D and EB1089. Control rats developed 22.7 (+/- 1.98 SE) tumor foci per lung. Rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D and with EB1089 (1.0 microg/kg) developed 10.4 (+/- 2.81) and 7.70 (+/- 1.29) tumor foci, respectively (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively; drug versus control). Compared with controls (10.79 +/- 0.1 mg/dl), serum calcium levels were significantly elevated in both 1,25(OH)2D and EB1089-treated rats (P < 0.01). However, EB1089 was significantly less calcemic than 1,25(OH)2D (12.59 +/- 0.21 mg/dl versus 14.47 +/- 0.46 mg/dl; 1.0 microg/kg; P < 0.001). Rats treated with 1,25(OH)2D showed marked weight loss: 20.0 +/- 1.9% and 26.3 +/- 1.7% of their initial weight (low and high doses, respectively, P < 0.001). Weight loss was significantly lower in rats treated with EB1089 at the high dose 8.4 (+/- 2.9) %. Moreover, rats treated with low-dose EB1089 gained 5.2 (+/- 3.7) % of their initial weight. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)2D and EB1089 showed marked and equivalent inhibition of prostate cancer metastasis in vivo. EB1089 was significantly less calcemic than 1,25(OH)2D and did not induce severe weight loss. This is the first report of a vitamin D analogue that significantly inhibits prostate cancer metastasis in vivo and that does so without producing cachexia or unacceptable hypercalcemia.
Self-Heating Electrically Conductive Concrete for Pavement Deicing: A Revisit (2015)

The addition of conductive materials to conventional concrete to achieve electrically conductive concrete (ECC) for non-structural applications such as heating (deicing), sensing, monitoring, and electromagnetic interference shielding has been the subject of many studies in the past. The overall objective of this paper is to revisit the topic of self-heating ECC for pavement deicing applications, especially with the focus on conductive concrete mix design optimization. The paper discussed related studies reported in the literature to identify the various conductive materials that have been investigated in the past, their optimal concentration levels to achieve desirable system-level engineering properties, and the various challenges in optimizing the ECC mix design and achieving a cost-effective ECC system. These studies reveal that optimization of ECC mix design, to achieve high conductivity and at the same time maintain adequate mechanical properties (workability, strength, and durability), is a highly challenging task. Instead of using large quantities of single conductive material to achieve well-performing ECC, which can be not only expensive but also result in reduced strength properties, the combined use of various conductive materials (especially the combination of conductive fibers and powders) in concrete has the potential to achieve cost-effective and well performing ECC with adequate electrical and mechanical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New‐Skeleton Compounds from Sarcandra glabra. (2012)

Abstract [i.e.
A first-order current-steering sigma-delta modulator (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. A new architecture is presented for a first-order sigma-delta modulator. The system can operate at a high sampling frequency, can be used as a building block for higher-order modulators, and employs circuit techniques that are largely technology-independent. The system was realized in a 2- mu m n-well, double-metal single-poly CMOS technology. The circuit occupies an area of 1580*580 mu m/sup 2/. It has a measured resolution of 9 b and a linearity of 13 b at a clock frequency of about 20 MHz and an oversampling ratio of 128. It operates from a power supply of +or-2.5 V with a power consumption of 3 mW.
Thermal stability of thin CoSi<sub>2</sub> layers on polysilicon implanted with As, BF<sub>2</sub> and Si (1997)

We studied the influence of the dopant and of the polysilicon substrate on the thermal stability of a thin CoSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer. To distinguish between the influence of the dopant (As or B) and the effect of the implant in the silicon substrate, also an implantation of silicon was performed on a different sample. A large difference in the silicide thermal stability has been observed and this behavior has been explained with the crystallographic orientation of the underlying silicon substrate and of the silicide layer.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated conductance in isolated rat olfactory neurons (1994)

1. The effect of intracellular application of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) from the patch pipette was analyzed in isolated rat olfactory neurons under whole-cell patch clamp. 2. Intracellular dialysis of 10 microM 1,4,5-IP3 in K(+)-internal solution induced a sustained depolarization of 35.8 +/- 10.5 (SD) mV (n = 16). The IP3-induced response was observed in 75% of the cells dialyzed with IP3 but not when 10 microM ruthenium red was also included in the pipette solution (4 cells). Lower concentrations (50-100 nM) of 2,4,5-IP3 induced similar responses to those produced by 1,4,5-IP3 in five of eight olfactory neurons. 3. Steady-state I-V relationships of IP3-gated currents with K(+)-internal solution were classified into two types: outwardly rectifying and N-shaped. In Cs(+)-internal solution outwardly rectifying and linear patterns were observed. 4. The IP3-induced currents were inhibited by external Cd2+ (1 mM). The reversal potentials of the Cd(2+)-inhibitable currents were -16.1 mV (n = 2) and -29.0 +/- 7.1 mV (n = 3) for the outwardly rectifying and N-shaped types, respectively, in K(+)-internal solution. The reversal potential was -5.9 +/- 6.8 mV (n = 5) in the Cs(+)-internal solution. 6. In contrast, the Ca(2+)-ionophore, ionomycin (5 microM) hyperpolarized the olfactory neurons and greatly potentiated the outward currents at positive holding membrane potential. 7. The data suggest that IP3 can depolarize rat olfactory neurons without mediation by intracellular Ca2+.
Investigating The Role Of Fibrocystin/Polyductin In Cholangiocarcinoma (2013)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents a very devastating liver neoplasm, whose incidence is increasing worldwide. CCA is often diagnosed in its late stages, and the treatment options for this disease are restricted to surgical resection and liver transplantation. Our group demonstrated that fibrocystin/polyductin (FPC) plays a significant role in the development of the bile duct. Furthermore, FPC expression was detected in infantile cholangiopathies as well as in adult CCA. This thesis demonstrates the presence of differential abnormal expression and localization patterns of cell adhesion molecules in the CCA cell lines, which was not associated with FPC expression. Furthermore, this data supports that FPC is an essential growth factor for CCA cells. Although much remains to be elucidated, the data presented in this thesis may represent a step forward for investigating the intracellular mechanisms that underline the development of CCA, hence providing insight into future therapeutic options for CCA.
Highly crystalline activated layered double hydroxides as solid acid‐base catalysts (2007)

Abstract Activated layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with high crystallinity, obtained by calcination/rehydration of LDH precursors synthesized by urea decomposition, have higher catalytic activity in acetone self‐condensation and Knoevenagel reactions than less crystalline materials obtained from LDH precursors synthesized by titration co‐precipitation. The activated LDHs possess both basic and acidic sites. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirms that the highly crystalline activated LDHs retain the lattice structure of the LDH precursors with lattice parameters a = b = 0.31 ± 0.01 nm and α = 60 ± 2°. An acid‐base catalytic mechanism has been proposed to interpret the catalytic behavior based on the fact that acid‐base hydroxyl group pairs on the activated LDH surface have a separation of 0.31 nm. It is proposed that the active sites are mainly located on the ordered array of hydroxyl sites on the basal surfaces rather than on the edges, as has been previously suggested. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Proteomic profiling of lung adenocarcinoma indicates heightened DNA repair, antioxidant mechanisms and identifies LASP1 as a potential negative predictor of survival (2016)

These results reveal distinct proteomic changes associated with early stage lung adenocarcinoma that may be useful prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets.
Burning Man’s Gift-Driven, Event-Centred Diaspora (2015)

Ce texte fait état d’une recherche en cours sur les processus de diasporisation du festival annuel Burning Man en se focalisant sur l’Europe. Mu par le don, qui est le coeur de ses “Dix Principes”, Burning Man est, pendant une semaine dans le désert de Black Rock au Nevada (États-Unis), la ville temporaire la plus importante au monde avec plus de 65 000 participants lors de la dernière édition. Véritable laboratoire social, culturel, politique et religieux, les participants tentent d’exporter les principes et l’esprit de Burning Man dans le monde extérieur, notamment par le biais d’événements régionaux et d’initiatives laissant place à la prolifération des pratiques de don. Ce phénomène illustre notamment comment la culture actuelle, et particulièrement la postérité de la contre-culture des années 1960-70, évolue dans le sens d’une culture événementielle (event-culture) qui brouille les frontières des "sphères sociales différenciées", notamment du loisir, de la religion, du politique, des technologies et de la culture.
Coordination Performance Evaluation of Supply Logistics in JIT Environment (2011)

In JIT assembly system, any supplier’s postponement of delivery or incorrect delivery quantity will result in the manufacturer’s incapability of assembling on schedule, which will not only damage the interests of other suppliers but also jeopardize the interests of enterprises and reduce the competitiveness of the supply chain. In this article, coordination of the upstream supply logistics from internal and external aspects is taken as the research object. In external supply system, three aspects of cost, quality and time are used to evaluate the coordination of supply logistics in JIT environment. From the internal aspect, reliability, flexibility, responsiveness, customer service and system suitability are selected for the performance evaluation. The eight indexes construct an index system and each performance index is described and analyzed. Finally, Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to evaluate the coordinated performance of supply logistics in JIT environment. An example is provided, which illustrate the method used in this paper is feasible and meaningful.
Donnees publiques: les reponses au Livre vert de la Commission europeenne (2000)

Recent advances in molecular biology are making it possible to diagnose genetic diseases and identify pathogens through the analysis of DNA. As clinical applications for molecular diagnosis increase, rapid, reliable methods for determination of DNA size will be needed. Mass spectrometry offers the potential of analyzing amplified DNA quickly and reliably, without the need for gel-based separation and sample labeling steps that are conventionally employed. Both electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization have been evaluated for the size analysis of DNA using both synthetic oligonucleotides and PCR-amplified samples corresponding to bases 1626 to 1701 of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Both technologies have been demonstrated to have mass range and sensitivity required for the analysis of PCR-amplified DNA in this size range using minimal sample preparation. Steps required to incorporate either ionization technique into a reliable analytical scheme for the rapid, routine analysis of DNA are outlined.
Finite-difference time-domain analysis of pulse propagation in multichip module interconnects (1993)

The application of the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method to the electromagnetic characterization of multichip-module (MCM) interconnects with perforated (mesh) reference planes is demonstrated. The limitations of the method in finding transmission line propagation characteristics (i.e., characteristic impedance Z/sub 0/ and phase constant beta ) are investigated. An alternative approach for the characterization of MCM interconnects which exploits the capabilities of the FDTD method is suggested. This alternative approach uses the results from the FDTD method to extract the per unit length delay and approximate impulse response of the system. These results can be used to identify the effects of the perforated reference plane on signal propagation. The validity of the TEM approximation for signal propagation in realistic MCM structures is also examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acetic acid-catalyzed diketopiperazine synthesis. (1981)

Optically pure diketopiperazines were obtained in good yields when dipeptide esters were refluxed in 2-butanol containing 0.1 M acetic acid for 3 hours. When prolyl-amino acid ester was used as the starting material, 1 to 2 M acetic acid was the most effective concentration.
Motion control for a multiple input rehabilitation wearable exoskeleton using fuzzy logic and PID (2016)

The increasing aging and disabled population has necessitated for a more effective and efficient assistance and rehabilitation. Powered Exoskeletons are wearable robots that can be attached to the disabled limb with the goal of adding power to and rectifying the limb functionality. This research proposes an EMG-based upper limb exoskeleton that is built on a fuzzy controller with incorporation of a torque estimation correction technique to improve the fuzzy system estimation. The Exoskeleton is built with an interactive gaming interface to engage the patients in the rehabilitation process where the interface can be preset on medical supervision for different training patterns. The motion control of multiple input rehabilitation wearable exoskeleton using fuzzy logic and PID is discussed in the paper.
Coupled 3D electromagnetic, structural, and thermal finite element analysis as integral components of electronic product design (2002)

Electronic product design is aided by coupled electromagnetic, structural, and thermal finite element analysis. Coupled electromagnetic and structural finite elements can predict motion vs. time in relays and in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Coupled electromagnetic and thermal finite elements can predict the temperature distributions in electronic packages.
Study of virus by Raman spectroscopy (2013)

Problem of viruses is very actual for nowadays. Some viruses, which are responsible for human of all tumors, are about 15 %. Main purposes this study, early detection virus in live cell without labeling and in the real time by Raman spectroscopy. Micro Raman spectroscopy (mRs) is a technique that uses a Raman spectrometer to measure the spectra of microscopic samples. According to the Raman spectroscopy, it becomes possible to study the metabolites of a live cultured cell without labeling. We used mRs to detect the virus via HEK 293 cell line-infected adenovirus. We obtained raman specters of lives cells with viruses in 24 hours and 7 days after the infection. As the result, there is some biochemical changing after the treatment of cell with virus. One of biochemical alteration is at 1081 cm<sup>-1</sup>. For the clarification result, we use confocal fluorescent microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Dendrimer-Based Demulsifiers for Polymer Flooding Oil-in-Water Emulsions (2017)

Two polyamidoamine-based dendritic molecules, named here as benzyl-G3 and octyl-G3, were synthesized using H2NCH2CH2NRCH2CH2NH2 (where R is either rigid benzyl or flexible octyl hydrophobic tails that are linked to the central nitrogen atom). With consideration of factors, such as the settling time, demulsifier dosage, temperature, oil content, and kinds of surfactants, the synthesized molecules were systematically investigated as demulsifiers for breaking up polymer flooding oil-in-water emulsions. In comparison to traditional G3 polyamidoamine, both benzyl-G3 and octyl-G3 exhibited better demulsification efficiencies with a dosage of 200 mg/L at a relatively low temperature (30 °C) in short periods of time (40 min) and reached 99.3 and 99.8% oil removal rates as they were added to the low oil-containing emulsion (1500 mg/L), respectively. A series of measurement methods were then adopted to explore the demulsification mechanism of the two demulsifiers. The interfacial tension and ζ potential measurements indicated that the high demulsification efficiency of the two dendrimers could be due to electrostatic charge neutralization. Moreover, the dendrimers and surfactants showed strong interactions according to the turbidity measurements, the results of which demonstrated that the hydrophobic tails located at the center of the dendrimers also influenced the demulsification efficiency.
Exploiting Long-Term Connectivity and Visual Motion in CRF-Based Multi-Person Tracking (2014)

We present a conditional random field approach to tracking-by-detection in which we model pairwise factors linking pairs of detections and their hidden labels, as well as higher order potentials defined in terms of label costs. To the contrary of previous papers, our method considers long-term connectivity between pairs of detections and models similarities as well as dissimilarities between them, based on position, color, and as novelty, visual motion cues. We introduce a set of feature-specific confidence scores, which aim at weighting feature contributions according to their reliability. Pairwise potential parameters are then learned in an unsupervised way from detections or from tracklets. Label costs are defined so as to penalize the complexity of the labeling, based on prior knowledge about the scene like the location of entry/exit zones. Experiments on PETS’09, TUD, CAVIAR, Parking Lot, and Town Center public data sets show the validity of our approach, and similar or better performance than recent state-of-the-art algorithms.
Copper and Transparent-Conductor Reflectarray Elements on Thin-Film Solar Cell Panels (2014)

This work addresses the task of integrating reflectarray antennas on thin-film solar cell panels, as a means to save real estate, weight or cost of platforms, such as satellites or transportable autonomous antenna systems. Reflectarray unit cell families, having large phase range, high optical transparency and low microwave loss, are designed to preserve their efficiency in terms of solar cell and reflectarray antenna efficiency. Because there is a trade-off between the optical transparency and microwave surface conductivity of a conductor, both standard copper and transparent conductors were considered here. The results obtained at the unit cell level demonstrate, for the first time, the feasibility of integrating reflectarray on a thin-film solar cell, preserving good performance in terms of both solar cell and reflectarray efficiency. For instance, using copper, measurement at X-band demonstrates a phase range larger than 270 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> with an average microwave loss of 0.25 dB and average optical transparency in the visible spectrum of 85%. Using transparent conductor contributes to better average transparency (90%) at the cost of increase in microwave loss (2.45 dB).
Key Enzymes in Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway for Bioactive Lipids Biosynthesis (2022)

Dietary bioactive lipids, one of the three primary nutrients, is not only essential for growth and provides nutrients and energy for life's activities but can also help to guard against disease, such as Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases, which further strengthen the immune system and maintain many body functions. Many microorganisms, such as yeast, algae, and marine fungi, have been widely developed for dietary bioactive lipids production. These biosynthetic processes were not limited by the climate and ground, which are also responsible for superiority of shorter periods and high conversion rate. However, the production process was also exposed to the challenges of low stability, concentration, and productivity, which was derived from the limited knowledge about the critical enzyme in the metabolic pathway. Fortunately, the development of enzymatic research methods provides powerful tools to understand the catalytic process, including site-specific mutagenesis, protein dynamic simulation, and metabolic engineering technology. Thus, we review the characteristics of critical desaturase and elongase involved in the fatty acids' synthesis metabolic pathway, which aims to not only provide extensive data for enzyme rational design and modification but also provides a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the dietary bioactive lipids' synthetic process.
A Dynamic Histogram Equalization for Image Contrast Enhancement (2007)

In this paper, a smart contrast enhancement technique based on conventional histogram equalization (HE) algorithm is proposed. This dynamic histogram equalization (DHE) technique takes control over the effect of traditional HE so that it performs the enhancement of an image without making any loss of details in it. DHE partitions the image histogram based on local minima and assigns specific gray level ranges for each partition before equalizing them separately. These partitions further go though a repartitioning test to ensure the absence of any dominating portions. This method outperforms other present approaches by enhancing the contrast well without introducing severe side effects, such as washed out appearance, checkerboard effects etc., or undesirable artifacts.