gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TLR-4 pathway mediates the inflammatory response but not bacterial elimination in<i>E. coli</i>pneumonia (2005)

We examined the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 in modifying the lung inflammatory response and its effects on the bacterial recovery from the lungs following inhaled Escherichia coli in two different strains of TLR-4 mutant mice that are hyporesponsive to LPS. The C57BL/10ScN(tlr4(lps-del)) mice containing a deletion mutation in the TLR-4 gene showed lower proinflammatory cytokine levels, lower lung MPO activity, and less parenchymal and peribronchial inflammation compared with the C57BL/10ScSn mice, a related TLR-4 wild-type substrain. However, the C57BL/10ScN(tlr4(lps-del)) mutant showed lower bacterial recovery in the lungs following inhaled E. coli associated with a rapid but transient increase in air space neutrophil counts at 6 h. In comparison, the C3H/HeJ(tlr4(Lps-d)) mutant mice containing a Pro712His substitution in TLR-4 demonstrated lower proinflammatory cytokine levels, lower lung MPO activity, and lower neutrophil accumulation in the air spaces but showed no differences in the bacterial burden of inhaled E. coli at 6 h, when compared with the TLR-4 wild-type C3H/HeSnJ mice. Thus two different TLR-4 mutants showed attenuated inflammatory responses in the lungs, but the reduced inflammatory responses were not consistently associated with either improved or impaired bacterial elimination from the lungs. Our findings indicate that the inflammatory response to inhaled E. coli is TLR-4 dependent, but bacterial elimination depends on other factors in addition to TLR-4.
VSWR-protected silicon bipolar power amplifier with smooth power control slope (2004)

A 1.8 GHz silicon bipolar PA is presented. A protection circuit enables the amplifier to sustain a 10:1 load VSWR at 5 V supply despite a low BV/sub ceo/ of 6.5 V. A temperature-compensated bias network allows a moderate power-control slope of less than 80 dB/V. A 50% PAE is attained at a 33.8 dBm output power level. The 1.2/spl times/1.5 mm/sup 2/ die is implemented in 0.8 /spl mu/m BiPMOS.
Defects in muscle branched-chain amino acid oxidation contribute to impaired lipid metabolism (2016)

Our data indicate that impaired muscle BCAA catabolism may contribute to the development of insulin resistance by perturbing both amino acid and fatty acid metabolism and suggest that targeting BCAA metabolism may hold promise for prevention or treatment of T2D.
Determination of alpha-tocopherol in buccal mucosal cells using an electrochemical detector. (1988)

Using HPLC with an electrochemical detector, tocopherol concentration in human buccal mucosal cells was determined, and compared with that in plasma, RBCs, and platelets. The values were expressed on the basis of protein concentration. The reproducibility and recovery were enough to be used clinically. In healthy young male adults, tocopherol concentration in buccal cells was 46.4 ng/mg protein, and this increased three fold, after daily administration of 600 mg of d-alpha-tocopherol for one month. Comparison of correlations between all the measurements showed that the highest correlations were between RBC tocopherol level and the tocopherol/lipid ratio in plasma, and between platelet tocopherol level and the tocopherol/lipid ratio. Tocopherol concentration in buccal cells correlated at r = 0.66 (p less than 0.03) with RBC tocopherol, r = 0.65 (p less than 0.03) with the tocopherol/lipid ratio, and r = 0.60 with platelet tocopherol concentration, respectively.
Catalytic Amination of Biomass‐Based Alcohols (2014)

Can I borrow hydrogen? Direct amination of biomass-derived platform alcohols can be efficiently performed through the borrowing hydrogen mechanism, offering high activity and selectivity at low-to-moderate temperatures. Unlike nucleophilic substitution, the catalyst behaves as a tandem system involving the temporary removal of H2 from the reaction medium.
A phase 1 trial of imatinib, bevacizumab, and metronomic cyclophosphamide in advanced colorectal cancer (2013)

The combination of metronomic cyclophosphamide, imatinib, and bevacizumab is safe and tolerable without significant drug interactions. A subset of patients experienced prolonged stable disease independent of dose level.
An improved hybrid CTC-Attention model for speech recognition (2018)

Recently, end-to-end speech recognition with a hybrid model consisting of the connectionist temporal classification(CTC) and the attention encoder-decoder achieved state-of-the-art results. In this paper, we propose a novel CTC decoder structure based on the experiments we conducted and explore the relation between decoding performance and the depth of encoder. We also apply attention smoothing mechanism to acquire more context information for subword-based decoding. Taken together, these strategies allow us to achieve a word error rate(WER) of 4.43% without LM and 3.34% with RNN-LM on the test-clean subset of the LibriSpeech corpora, which by far are the best reported WERs for end-to-end ASR systems on this dataset.
Analysis of the T cell response to tumor and viral peptide antigens by an IFNγ-ELISPOT assay (1997)

We have established a sensitive ELISPOT assay measuring interferon gamma (IFN gamma) release on a single-cell basis to detect influenza peptide-specific CD8+ T cells in uncultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Using this method, we studied the T cell response to HLA-A1 and HLA-A2.1 binding peptide epitopes derived from the MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 proteins, from the melanoma-associated antigens tyrosinase, Melan-A/MART-1 and gp100, and from influenza proteins in stage IV melanoma patients and healthy controls. In 18 of 24 HLA-A2-positive donors (75%), but only in 9 of 25 HLA-A2-positive melanoma patients (36%) T cells reactive with the influenza matrix peptide were demonstrated (p = 0.007). T cells responding to one or several of the melanoma-associated peptides were detected in 5 of 25 HLA-A2-positive patients with metastatic melanoma. Four of these 5 patients had been treated with interleukin-2- and IFN alpha-containing therapy. Two of the 24 healthy donors had T cells reactive with the MART-1 27-35 peptide. No reactivity with the HLA-A1-binding peptides from MAGE-1 or MAGE-3 was detected in any of the HLA-A1-positive healthy controls or melanoma patients. These results show that the IFN gamma-ELISPOT assay is suitable to determine quantitatively T cells reactive with melanoma-associated and influenza peptide epitopes in uncultured PBMC. The failure to detect T cells responding to influenza in many melanoma patients with progressive disease may indicate an impairment of their T cell function.
Gram‐Negative Prosthetic Joint Infections: Risk Factors and Outcome of Treatment (2009)

GN PJI represents a substantial proportion of all occurrences of PJI. Debridement alone has a high failure rate and should not be attempted when the duration of symptoms is long. Resection of the prosthesis, with or without subsequent reimplantation, as a result of GN PJI is associated with a favorable outcome rate that is comparable to that associated with PJI due to GP pathogens.
<title>Development of fly-by-light systems for commercial aircraft</title> (1991)

Fly-by-wire/Flybylight (FBW/FBL) controls are in the process of supplanting traditional mechanical control technology for commercial transport aircraft. Douglas Aircraft Company in cooperation with its suppliers is actively pursuing a comprehensive program to develop and validate advanced flight control concepts and technologies. This paper details the various perceived technical barriers associated with fly bylight as well as the work in progress to overcome them. The advantages of flybylight technology are discussed with particular attention to its potential to help prevent and/or tolerate electromagnetic effects.
Tyramine conjugation deficit in migraine, tension-type headache, and depression (1995)

This study was designed to investigate tyramine sulfate conjugation in patients with migraine or tension-type headache, as defined by the newly introduced International Headache Society (IHS) criteria and to examine whether this relationship is mediated by major depression. A total of 62 subjects completed the study: 38 with migraine (22 with aura and 16 without aura), 12 with tension-type headache, and 12 controls. Patients with migraine had significantly lower urinary tyramine sulfate excretion following oral tyramine challenge than normal control. Tension-type headache was also associated with low tyramine conjugation, but only when comorbid with depression. Although mean tyramine sulfate output was lower among subjects with major depression within each of the subtypes of headache, no significant main effect emerged for depression or major subtype thereof. The lower tyramine sulfate excretion values among patients with both migraine and depression compared to those of migraine alone or depression alone in our data and those of others suggests that comorbid migraine with depression may represent a more severe form of migraine than migraine alone. The findings underscore the importance of comorbidity in clinical and epidemiological studies of migraine.
Studies on peptides. CIX. Synthesis of the octatriacontapeptide corresponding to positions 1 to 38 of human parathyroid hormone. (1982)

The octatriacontapeptide corresponding to positions 1 to 38 of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH), a half of the whole molecule, was synthesized by assembling 9 peptide fragments in a conventional manner. Arg (mesitylene-2-sulfonyl), a new arginine derivative bearing an acid-labile protecting group, was employed in combination with a new deprotecting procedure with 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole in TFA. The synthetic peptide exhibited an activity of 1400 IU/mg when assayed by the mouse bone adenyl cyclase activity assay.
EFFECT OF WITH/WITHOUT AGITATIONOF AGRICULTURAL WASTE ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION-A SMALL SCALE (2014)

The growing worldwide concerns over environment, health and monetary aspects have triggered a search for efficient and economic renewable sources of energy production. Agricultural sector holds the potential for development of one of the major source of renewable energy such as biogas. In this study, CSTR-small scale fermentation (200 L stainless steel) was studied to observe the effect of stirring for natural water, cow dung, rice straw and water hyacinth ratio (2:1:1:1), which there are suitable of C: N ratio at 31.1: 1on the biogas and methane production at ambient temperature (31C), 6.7-7.2 and 6.7-7.8 of pH for with/without stirring digester, respectively, for 52 days. The result showed that the biogas production increased progressively with stirring digester. The maximum biogas production and methane concentration was 98.56 L/days and 64.07% was obtained at stirring digester. This gave an increase of 7.56 over without stirring digester. Thus, agitation of digester can be used effectively as an operating strategy to optimize biogas production.
High-performance algorithms and data structures to catch elephant flows (2016)

In high-speed networks, it is important to detect the presence of large flows-also known as elephant flows-because of their adverse effects on delay-sensitive flows. If detected on a timely fashion, network operators can apply active policies such as flow redirection or traffic shaping to ensure the overall quality of service of the network is preserved. Towards this objective, we develop a high-performance data structure and algorithm to address the problem of detecting large flows at very high-speed rates. Our solution leverages the concept of optimal sampling rate under partial information to avoid the need for processing every single packet on the network. With this strategy, we present a prototype of a high-performance network sensor capable of processing traffic rates at 100Gbps and detect the largest flows with high accuracy.
Establishing the Validity of a Test of Common Content Knowledge for Soccer (2022)

Common content knowledge (CCK) is fundamental for quality instruction and critical to be acquired among physical education preservice teachers (PSTs). The purpose of this study was to develop a soccer CCK test for PSTs and to examine the validity and reliability of the test using Rasch measurement modeling. Two content experts developed a test in a multiple-choice question format, which was content validated by five in-service teachers and field-tested by 10 PSTs. Once content and face validities were confirmed, the test was given to 129 PSTs. The results confirmed that all the test items measured soccer CCK as a unidimensional construct, and the levels of the test items align with PSTs’ knowledge levels (mean square residuals – infit = 0.8 to 1.1; outfit = 0.8 to 1.3). The item separation index was 2.05 (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.81), and the person separation index was 1.99 (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.80), which assured that the test includes items with a wide range in difficulty levels to meet the variability of respondents’ knowledge levels. To conclude, the soccer CCK test is a valid and reliable instrument, and the test can be used to contribute to the field in practice and research. Those include, for instance, assessing PSTs’ learning gains of soccer content classes, improving the effectiveness of PSTs and in-service content education, and measuring the effects of differing soccer CCK on student learning in secondary physical education.
Learning probability density functions from marginal distributions with applications to Gaussian mixtures (2006)

Probability density function (PDF) estimation is a constantly important topic in the fields related to artificial intelligence and machine learning. This paper is dedicated to considering problems on the estimation of a density function simply from its marginal distributions. The possibility of the learning problem is first investigated and a uniqueness proposition involving a large family of distribution functions is proposed. The learning problem is then reformulated into an optimization task which is studied and applied to Gaussian mixture models (GMM) via the generalized expectation maximization procedure (GEM) and Monte Carlo method. Experimental results show that our approach for GMM, only using partial information of the coordinates of the samples, can obtain satisfactory performance, which in turn verifies the proposed reformulation and proposition.
Fatal Encephalitic Borna Disease Virus 1 in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients (2018)

Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1; species Mammalian 1 orthobornavirus) causes progressive meningoencephalitis, mainly in horses and sheep. Evidence of BoDV-1 infection in humans is limited.1,2 However, after the identification of a bornavirus transmitted by exotic pet squirrels — the variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (species Mammalian 2 orthobornavirus)3 — the zoonotic potential of mammalian bornaviruses should be considered. Here, we report evidence of donor-transmitted BoDV-1 infection occurring in three solid-organ transplant recipients, two of whom died.
Polyarylcyanation of Diyne: A One-Pot Three-Component Convenient Route for <i>In Situ</i> Generation of Polymers with AIE Characteristics (2016)

A facile, one-pot, three-component polymerization route for in situ generation of polymers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics was developed. The polycoupling of dibromoarenes, internal diynes and potassium ferrocyanide was catalyzed by palladium acetate and sodium bicarbonate and proceeded smoothly in dimethylacetamide under nitrogen at 120 °C, producing poly(triphenylacrylonitrite)s (PTPANs) with high weight-average molecular weights of up to 223000 in high yields of up to 84%. This polymerization method enjoys the remarkable advantages of high reaction rate and efficiency and broad monomer scope. Model reaction was carried out to aid the structure characterization and property investigation of the obtained polymers. All the polymers show remarkable thermal stability, losing merely 5% of their weight at high temperature of up to 513 °C. They are soluble in common organic solvents and their spin-coated thin films exhibit high refractive indices (1.6482–1.7682). Thanks to the triphenylethene chromophore in situ generated during the polymerization, all the polymers are AIE-active and show strong light emission in the solid state. While UV irradiation of the polymer thin films in air through upper masks photo-oxidizes the exposed parts and quenches their light emission, the unexposed parts remain emissive. Two-dimensional fluorescent patterns with good resolution are thus generated.
An energy-efficient mobile PAM memory interface for future 3D stacked mobile DRAMs (2014)

This paper presents a four-level pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) memory I/O interface for 3D stacked DRAMs. 3D integration technology is a promising solution for higher bandwidth and less power consumption due to the shortened link distance. The proposed transceiver is designed for 3D interconnects. The proposed transmitter employs a current mode output driver which sends data through TSVs. The receiver side uses differential amplifiers to decode three voltage levels by comparing the PAM signal with three reference voltages. The proposed scheme is simulated in 40 nm CMOS technology at 1.0 V. We use a highly accurate 3D electromagnetic (EM) simulator such as HFSS for 3D TSV channels simulations. The proposed architecture reduces the power consumption compared with prior works. It also increases the data bandwidth to 6.4 Gb/s/pin. Energy efficiency of proposed 3D mobile PAM I/O memory interface is 1.7 pJ/bit/pin.
Switched monopole antenna for DVB-H operation (2010)

In this paper, a new cap structure of monopole antenna with a switched feeding structure is investigated. This antenna provides a wide input impedance bandwidth, and a small size for handset co-integration. The measured results show that the return loss and antenna input impedance of the cap type monopole antenna provides a considerably large bandwidth even with a radiating area. It is found that the cap loaded monopole antenna with a cap mounted metal is comparable to the different feeding position at the same monopole antenna radiator and with and respect to geometry size and electrical performance. The measured results of a low-Q monopole antenna with a cap metal mounted on the top and fed with parallel probe, simultaneously. In this paper also review some mobile TV specification, future progress and application.
Strategic use of an adenoviral vector for rapid and efficient <i>ex vivo</i>‐generation of cytomegalovirus pp65‐reactive cytolytic and helper T cells (2008)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation can cause severe complications for transplant patients. Such patients can be protected against CMV-associated diseases through reconstitution of donor-derived CMV-reactive cytolytic and helper T cells. We have developed a strategic protocol for efficient simultaneous generation of CMV-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells ex vivo. The protocol uses peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), antigen-modified mature dendritic cells (DCs) generated in only 3 d and an adenoviral vector encoding the CMV pp65 antigen (Adpp65) both as an endogenous and exogenous source of antigen. PBLs stimulated once with Adpp65-transduced DCs (endogenously expressed pp65) resulted in preferential activation and expansion of pp65-specific CD8+ T cells while PBLs stimulated with DCs pulsed with cell lysate from Adpp65-transduced autologous monocytes (exogenously expressed pp65) yielded pp65-specific CD4+ T cells. Stimulation with double-modified DCs efficiently activated and expanded cytolytic and helper T cells simultaneously. The frequency of T cells producing interferon-gamma in response to pp65 increased after one stimulation on average 9.6-fold to 4.3% for CD8+ T cells and 25.8-fold to 6.5% for CD4+ T cells. This implies that sufficient number of pp65-specific cytolytic and helper T cells for adoptive transfer may be obtained in only 2 weeks.
Effect of minimally invasive Judet fixation on respiratory function of patients with traumatic flail chest (2015)

Objective
To investigate the effect of early minimally invasive Judet fixation on the respiratory function of patients with traumatic flail chest.


Methods
The clinical data of 60 patients with flail chest complicated by pulmonary contusion treated between January 2008 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the admission time. Patients in surgical treatment group(n=30) were managed with Judet fixation (minimally invasive fixation of embedded Judet) within 72 h after admission, and patients in conservative treatment group(n=30) received chest compression bandaging, butterfly-shaped adhesive external fixation or ventilator-assisted ventilation. The recovery of respiratory function and incidences of postoperative complications were compared between two groups.


Results
The forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), maximum minute ventilation(MMV) and forced vital capacity(FVC) 24 h after operation in surgical treatment group were significantly better than those in conservative treatment group (t=1.923, P=0.026; t=4.981, P=0.037; t=1.892, P=0.024). Besides, the prevalence of pulmonary infection in surgical treatment group was significantly lower than that in conservative treatment group(χ2=4.286, P=0.049).


Conclusions
Early surgical comprehensive treatment for flail chest complicated by pulmonary contusion is necessary and feasible, which can promote the recovery from chest deformity and recovery of respiratory function, and reduce the incidences of complications.


Key words: 
Judet fixation frame; traumatic continuous chest; respiratory function
Processing of X-ray images (1981)

A review of three aspects of image processing of X-ray imagery is presented. Short reviews of computer assisted tomography and coded aperture imaging are given. The application of image enhancement and restoration to radiography is reviewed in greater depth.
Wall Effects on Flow Past Solid Spheres at Finite Reynolds Number (1996)

Axisymmetric, steady flow of a Newtonian fluid past a solid sphere that is either suspended in a tube by an upflowing liquid (the fluidized sphere problem) or falling in a tube (the falling sphere problem) is determined by finite element analysis. The new results show that several correlations for drag presented in the literature are inaccurate (i) for any value of the ratio of the diameter of the tube to that of the sphere, 1/λ, when inertial effects are moderate (Re ≥ 30) and (ii) for 1/λ < 3.3 when Re is small. Two new correlations accounting for wall effects on drag for fluidized and falling spheres are presented that are valid when 0 ≤ Re ≤ 100 and 12.5 ≥ 1/λ ≥ 1.42. The effects of λ and Re on the onset of wake formation and wake characteristics are studied in detail. The results show that, as 1/λ decreases, the Re for the onset of wake formation increases, whereas the length of the wake decreases. Calculations carried out to simulate the effect of a wire used to support a fluidized sphere show that experimental drag results are correct to within 3%.
A New Dihydrothiazine Ring Closure for the Preparation of 3-Methylcephalosporins From Azetidinone Disulfides at 5-10-Degrees (1987)

p - Nitrobenzyl (2R,3R)-2-(benzothiazol-2'-yldithio)-a-isopropenyl-4-oxo-3-phenoxyacetylaminoazetidine-1-acetate (3a), readily prepared from penicillin V, is smoothly cyclized by ammonium acetate in a dimethyl sulfoxideltetrahydrofuran mixture at 5-10º to the ceph-3-em ester (2a) in high yield. Other esters (3b-d), but not the free acid (3e), behave in a similar way. The ceph-3-em esters can be readily de-esterified to the free acid (2e).