gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of porcine somatotropin and dietary lysine level on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine fed to 280 lb. (1990)

One hundred twenty barrows with an initial wt of 130 lb were utilized to determine the effects of dietary lysine level and porcine somatotropin (pST) injection on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed to heavy market weights (280 lb). Pigs were injected daily in the extensor muscle of the neck with either 4 mg pST or a placebo and fed diets containing either .8, 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4% dietary lysine. Performance data were collected and evaluated for three weight ranges : 130 to 230 lb, 230 to 280 lb, and 130 to 280 lb. Two pigs from each pen were slaughtered to determine carcass measurements. The first pig was slaughtered at 230 lb and the second pig at 280 lb. Average daily gain (ADG) was maximized at the 1.0% lysine level for the pigs fed from 130 to 230 lb and for those fed from 130 to 280 lb. From 230 to 280 lb, ADG was improved for pigs fed the 1.0 and 1.4% lysine levels. Pigs injected with pST had a significant improvement in ADG compared to control pigs at all weight ranges. There was a linear decrease in average daily feed intake (ADFI) with increasing dietary lysine levels from 130 to 230 lb and from 130 to 280 lb. Feed conversion (F/G) improved as dietary lysine levels increased for pigs from 130 to 280 lb and was improved in response to pST-treatment. No pST x lysine interactions were observed for either ADG, ADFI, or F/G. Percent carcass muscle increased with increasing dietary lysine level and pST-treatment at both slaughter weights. A pST x lysine interaction was seen for percent muscle when pigs were slaughtered at 230 lb. Backfat thickness, kidney fat, and longissimus muscle area (LEA) were unaffected by dietary lysine level, but did show a pST response for pigs slaughtered at 230 lb. Longissimus muscle area was also increased with pST-treatment but was unchanged by changing lysine level for pigs killed at 280 lb. Kidney fat and backfat thickness decreased with pST-treatment and as lysine level increased in 280-lb pigs. There was no pST X lysine interaction at either slaughter weight for backfat thickness, kidney fat, or LEA. At slaughter weights of 230 and 280 Ib, there was an increase in trimmed ham weight with increasing dietary lysine level and pST-treatment, but no pST x lysine interaction. Organ weights were unaffected by lysine level,
Two-Port, Common Aperture, High-Isolation, Dual-Polarized Sub-Millimeterwave Antenna System Based on Spatial Power Divider (2019)

A two-port antenna system is proposed that uses a polarization-independent spatial power divider to align the beams from two orthogonally oriented dual-polarized feeds. Such an antenna system will provide a common aperture for transmit and receive, and high port isolation, while minimizing radar parallax and maintaining compatibility with fully polarimetric radar. The spatial power divider is designed using an all-dielectric metasurface approach, and is fabricated on a silicon wafer using the standard micromachining technology. The simulated device exhibits at most 0.1 dB of difference between reflection and transmission for both TE and TM incident waves at 45-degree incidence, over a band from 227 GHz to 239 GHz.
Novel and versatile room temperature ionic liquids for energy storage (2018)

The first example of a family of low melting temperature ionic liquids based on the highly stable and inert <italic>closo</italic> -boron cluster anions is demonstrated. This, combined with excellent physiochemical and electrochemical properties makes this new family of ionic liquids a serious contender towards overcoming key challenges of electrolytes in energy storage systems.
Bioartificial livers<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>: tailoring biocomponents to the expanding variety of applications (2014)

BALs have the potential to meet demands currently left unmet in both clinical and in vitro applications. All the reviewed biocomponents show limitations towards one or more BAL applications. However, the generation of stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells is progressing rapidly, so the criteria for patient-specific drug toxicity screening and disease modeling are probably met in the near future. HepaRG cells are the most promising biocomponent for clinical BAL application, based on their proliferative and differentiation capacity.
All optical time-slot switching for OTDM and WDM applications (2002)

We propose and successfully demonstrate a novel, simple and low-cost concept of optical time-slot switching, i.e. switching part of one 160 Gbit/s ODTM channel to another 160 Gbit/s channel all in optical domain without any optical-electrical-optical (OEO) conversion and with negligible power penalty
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation Combined with Electrical Passive Exercise for Fast Removal of Body Fat (2020)

HIFU plus electrical stimulation can induce a substantial reduction in the waist circumference of pigs.
Generation of picosecond x-ray pulses and their application in time-resolved diffraction (1990)

We have constructed a novel picosecond x-ray (PxR) source to be used for time resolved x-ray diffraction. The PxR source has a metallic photocathode from which photoemission is induced by ultraviolet picosecond laser.pulses. Electron bunches of over 3 nC have been produced with a tantalum photocathode excited by a frequency quadrupled pulsed modelocked Nd:YAG laser.The accelerated electron bunches strike a copper anode generating 6.2x10<sup>6</sup> Cu Ka x-ray photons cm<sup>-2</sup>.sr<sup>-1</sup> with a time width of less than 70 ps. A high energy Nd:YLF regenerative amplified laser was constructed to increase the repetition rate of the source to 2 kHz. Several detection methods and experimental schemes for PxR diffraction are presented
Analysis of the Plasma Proteome in COPD: Novel Low Abundance Proteins Reflect the Severity of Lung Remodeling (2013)

The search for COPD biomarkers has largely employed a targeted approach that focuses on plasma proteins involved in the systemic inflammatory response and in lung injury and repair. This proof of concept study was designed to test the idea that an open, unbiased, in-depth proteomics approach could identify novel, low abundance plasma proteins i.e., ng/mL concentration, which could serve as potential biomarkers. Differentially expressed proteins were identified in a discovery group with severe COPD (FEV1 <45% predicted; n = 10). Subjects with normal lung function matched for age, sex, ethnicity and smoking history served as controls (n = 10). Pooled plasma from each group was exhaustively immunodepleted of abundant proteins, d separated by 1-D gel electrophoresis and extensively fractionated prior to LC-tandem mass spectroscopy (GeLC-MS). Thirty one differentially expressed proteins were identified in the discovery group including markers of lung defense against oxidant stress, alveolar macrophage activation, and lung tissue injury and repair. Four of the 31 proteins (i.e., GRP78, soluble CD163, IL1AP and MSPT9) were measured in a separate verification group of 80 subjects with varying COPD severity by immunoassay. All 4 were significantly altered in COPD and 2 (GRP78 and soluble CD163) correlated with both FEV1 and the extent of emphysema. In-depth, plasma proteomic analysis identified a group of novel, differentially expressed, low abundance proteins that reflect known pathogenic mechanisms and the severity of lung remodeling in COPD. These proteins may also prove useful as COPD biomarkers.
Perceptual convergence of multi-component mixtures in olfaction implies an olfactory white (2012)

In vision, two mixtures, each containing an independent set of many different wavelengths, may produce a common color percept termed "white." In audition, two mixtures, each containing an independent set of many different frequencies, may produce a common perceptual hum termed "white noise." Visual and auditory whites emerge upon two conditions: when the mixture components span stimulus space, and when they are of equal intensity. We hypothesized that if we apply these same conditions to odorant mixtures, "whiteness" may emerge in olfaction as well. We selected 86 molecules that span olfactory stimulus space and individually diluted them to a point of about equal intensity. We then prepared various odorant mixtures, each containing various numbers of molecular components, and asked human participants to rate the perceptual similarity of such mixture pairs. We found that as we increased the number of nonoverlapping, equal-intensity components in odorant mixtures, the mixtures became more similar to each other, despite not having a single component in common. With ~30 components, most mixtures smelled alike. After participants were acquainted with a novel, arbitrarily named mixture of ~30 equal-intensity components, they later applied this name more readily to other novel mixtures of ~30 equal-intensity components spanning stimulus space, but not to mixtures containing fewer components or to mixtures that did not span stimulus space. We conclude that a common olfactory percept, "olfactory white," is associated with mixtures of ~30 or more equal-intensity components that span stimulus space, implying that olfactory representations are of features of molecules rather than of molecular identity.
Mass Defect Labeling of Cysteine for Improving Peptide Assignment in Shotgun Proteomic Analyses (2006)

A method for improving the identification of peptides in a shotgun proteome analysis using accurate mass measurement has been developed. The improvement is based upon the derivatization of cysteine residues with a novel reagent, 2,4-dibromo-(2'-iodo)acetanilide. The derivitization changes the mass defect of cysteine-containing proteolytic peptides in a manner that increases their identification specificity. Peptide masses were measured using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry. Reactions with protein standards show that the derivatization of cysteine is rapid and quantitative, and the data suggest that the derivatized peptides are more easily ionized or detected than unlabeled cysteine-containing peptides. The reagent was tested on a 15N-metabolically labeled proteome from M. maripaludis. Proteins were identified by their accurate mass values and from their nitrogen stoichiometry. A total of 47% of the labeled peptides are identified versus 27% for the unlabeled peptides. This procedure permits the identification of proteins from the M. maripaludis proteome that are not usually observed by the standard protocol and shows that better protein coverage is obtained with this methodology.
Analysis of Internal Quantum Efficiency and Current Injection Efficiency in III-Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes (2013)

Current injection efficiency and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in InGaN quantum well (QW) based light emitting diodes (LEDs) are investigated. The analysis is based on current continuity relation for drift and diffusion carrier transport across the QW-barrier systems. A self-consistent 6-band <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> · <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> method is used to calculate the band structure for InGaN QW structure. Carrier-photon rate equations are utilized to describe radiative and non-radiative recombination in the QW and the barrier regions, carrier transport and capture time, and thermionic emission leading to carrier leakage out of the QW. Our model indicates that the IQE in the conventional 24-Å In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.28</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.72</sub> N -GaN QW structure reaches its peak at low injection current density and reduces gradually with further increase in current due to the large thermionic carrier leakage. The efficiency droop phenomenon at high current density in III-nitride LEDs is thus consistent with the high-driving-current induced quenching in current injection efficiency predicted by our model. The effects of the monomolecular recombination coefficient, Auger recombination coefficient and GaN hole mobility on the current injection efficiency and IQE are studied. Structures combining InGaN QW with thin larger energy bandgap barriers such as Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> N, lattice-matched Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> N, and lattice-matched Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x-y</sub> N have been analyzed to improve current injection efficiency and thus minimize droop at high current injection in III-nitride LEDs. Effect of the thickness of the larger energy bandgap barriers (AlGaN, AlInN and AlInGaN) on injection efficiency and IQE are investigated. The use of thin AlGaN barriers shows slight reduction of quenching of the injection efficiency as the current density increases. The use of thin lattice-matched AlInN or AlInGaN barriers shows significant suppression of efficiency-droop in nitride LEDs.
A Bayesian approach to the missing features problem in classification (2003)

In this paper, the Bayesian data reduction algorithm (BDRA) is extended to classify discrete test observations given the training data contains feature vectors which are missing values. Two methods are used to model missing features in the BDRA, where performance is compared to a neural network using both simulated and real data. In general, it is shown that the BDRA is superior to the neural network.
Deployable wavelength optimization for free-space communication undersea (2016)

This effort develops autonomy algorithms and a portable optical system to optimize the undersea laser communication wavelength by probing the local seawater conditions via passive retroreflector, selecting the ideal wavelength, and enabling high-speed communication. Transmitting on the optimal channel increases transfer rates, propagation range, and mission length, all while reducing power consumption in unmanned undersea platforms. Additionally, optical meteorology and oceanography (METOC) data gathered and analyzed as part of the auto-selection process is stored and forwarded. We present autonomy software and man-portable hardware from the laboratory, and show a new system designed for operation in natural undersea environments.
Black tea prevents cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis and lung damage (2007)

Cigarette smoke exposure to a guinea pig model causes oxidative damage, inflammation, apoptosis and lung injury that are prevented by supplementation of black tea.
NEOMYCIN PRODUCTION BY MICROMONOSPORA SPECIES 69-683 (1973)

Micromonospora sp. 69-683 produces neomycin B and except for an early report of production of actinomycin from a culture not well defined, is presently the only other known example of a major Streptomyces-produced antibiotic also produced by a member of the genus Micromonospora. A variety of carbon and nitrogen sources were found to be suitable substrates for Micromonospora sp. 69-683. The antibiotic is removed from the fermentation broth with a cationic-exchange resin and is purified by passing the mixture through a Dowex 1×2 resin column. Chemical, physical and biological data confirm that it is identical to neomycin B.
Development of an acoustic-phonetic hidden Markov model for continuous speech recognition (1991)

The techniques used to develop an acoustic-phonetic hidden Markov model, the problems associated with representing the whole acoustic-phonetic structure, the characteristics of the model, and how it performs as a phonetic decoder for recognition of fluent speech are discussed. The continuous variable duration model was trained using 450 sentences of fluent speech, each of which was spoken by a single speaker, and segmented and labeled using a fixed number of phonemes, each of which has a direct correspondence to the states of the matrix. The inherent variability of each phoneme is modeled as the observable random process of the Markov chain, while the phonotactic model of the unobservable phonetic sequence is represented by the state transition matrix of the hidden Markov model. The model assumes that the observed spectral data were generated by a Gaussian source. However, an analysis of the data shows that the spectra for the most of the phonemes are not normally distributed and that an alternative representation would be beneficial.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolated Boost Converters (2006)

Two implementations of the isolated boost converter that exhibit no parasitic voltage ringing across all semiconductor devices on the primary and secondary sides of the transformer are introduced. Ringing-free operation is achieved by clamping the voltages of the primary switches and rectifiers to the voltage of the primary-side energy-storage capacitor and clamping the voltage across the secondary-side rectifiers to the output filter capacitor. The performance of the proposed topology was verified on a dual ac-input, 900W experimental prototype operating at 100 kHz.
Immunization of Broiler Chickens against <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> -Induced Necrotic Enteritis (2007)

Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens is caused by Clostridium perfringens. Currently, no vaccine against NE is available and immunity to NE is not well characterized. Our previous studies showed that immunity to NE followed oral infection by virulent rather than avirulent C. perfringens strains and identified immunogenic secreted proteins apparently uniquely produced by virulent C. perfringens isolates. These proteins were alpha-toxin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase, and a hypothetical protein (HP). The current study investigated the role of each of these proteins in conferring protection to broiler chickens against oral infection challenges of different severities with virulent C. perfringens. The genes encoding these proteins were cloned and purified as histidine-tagged recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli and were used to immunize broiler chickens intramuscularly. Serum and intestinal antibody responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All proteins significantly protected broiler chickens against a relatively mild challenge. In addition, immunization with alpha-toxin, HP, and PFOR also offered significant protection against a more severe challenge. When the birds were primed with alpha-toxoid and boosted with active toxin, birds immunized with alpha-toxin were provided with the greatest protection against a severe challenge. The serum and intestinal washings from protected birds had high antigen-specific antibody titers. Thus, we conclude that there are certain secreted proteins, in addition to alpha-toxin, that are involved in immunity to NE in broiler chickens.
Attenuation of standing waves in a large water tank using arrays of large tethered encapsulated bubbles (2014)

The use of bubble resonance effects to attenuate low-frequency underwater sound was investigated experimentally in a large water tank. A compact electromechanical sound source was used to excite standing wave fields at frequencies ranging between 50 and 200 Hz in the tank. The source was then surrounded by a stationary array of tethered encapsulated air bubbles, and reduction in standing wave amplitude by as much as 26 dB was observed. The bubbles consisted of either thin-shelled latex balloons with approximately 5 cm radii or thicker-shelled vinyl boat fenders with 6.9 cm radii. The effects of changing the material and thickness of the bubble shells were found to be in qualitative agreement with predictions from Church's model for sound propagation in a liquid containing encapsulated bubbles [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 1510-1521 (1995)]. Although demonstrated here for low frequency noise abatement within a tank, which is useful for quieting acoustic test facilities and large tanks used for marine life husbandry, the eventual aim of this work is to use stationary arrays of large tethered encapsulated bubbles to abate low frequency underwater noise from anthropogenic sources in the marine environment.
<title>Thin-film birefringent devices based on form birefringence</title> (1994)

The twisted nematic liquid crystal display (TN-LCD) is the leading technology for high performance flat panel displays. However, the region of high contrast for TN-LCD's is limited. Birefringent elements, of compensators, may be used to provide improved contrast at high viewing angles. The phenomenon of form birefringence has been used to design a compensator that can be fabricated by physical vapor deposition of silica and titania, two common coating materials. Improved viewing angle characteristics, particularly in the horizontal direction, have been demonstrated using the compensator. The 20:1 isocontrast region has been extended to +/- 50 degree(s) in displays incorporating the compensator, an improvement of 10 degree(s) or more relative to uncompensated displays. The compensator design includes integrated antireflection coatings to reduce glare. In this way, display legibility is maximized in the presence of both high and low ambient illumination.
Controlling fragmentation and space consumption in the metronome, a real-time garbage collector for Java (2003)

Now that the use of garbage collection in languages like Java is becoming widely accepted due to the safety and software engineering benefits it provides, there is significant interest in applying garbage collection to hard real-time systems. Past approaches have generally suffered from one of two major flaws: either they were not provably real-time, or they imposed large space overheads to meet the real-time bounds.Our previous work [3] presented the Metronome, a mostly non-copying real-time collector. The Metronome achieves worst-case pause times of 6 milliseconds while maintaining consistent mutator CPU utilization rates of 50% with only 1.5-2.1 times the maximum heap space required by the application, which is comparable with space requirements for stop-the-world collectors.However, that algorithm assumed a constant collection rate, ignored program-dependent characteristics, and lacked a precise specification for when to trigger collection or how much defragmentation to perform. This paper refines the model by taking into account program properties such as pointer density, average object size, and locality of object size. This allows us to bound both the time for collection and consequently the space overhead required much more tightly. We show experimentally that most parameters usually are not subject to large variation, indicating that a small number of parameters will be sufficient to predict the time and space requirements accurately.Our previous work also did not present the details of our approach to avoiding and undoing fragmentation. In this paper we present a more detailed analysis of fragmentation than in previous work, and show how our collector is able to bound fragmentation to acceptable limits.