gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and Correction of Lip-Sync Errors Using Audio and Video Fingerprints (2010)

A method for measuring and maintaining time synchronization between an A/V stream (A/V) is described. A/V fingerprints are used to create a combined A/V synchronization signature (A/V Sync Signature) at a known reference point. This signature is used at later points to measure A/V timing synchronization relative to the reference point. This method may be used, for example, to automatically detect and correct A/V synchronization (i.e., lip-sync) errors in broadcast systems and other applications. Advantages of the method described over other existing methods include that it does not require modification of the audio or video signals, it can respond to dynamically changing synchronization errors, and it is designed to be robust to modifications of the A/V signals. Although the system requires data to be conveyed to the detection point, this data does not need to be synchronized with, or directly attached to, the audio or video streams. This method uses fingerprints; it also enables other fingerprinting applications within systems, such as content identification and verification. In addition, it may be used to maintain synchronization of other metadata associated with A/V streams.
Nonpharmaceutical ripening of the unfavorable cervix and induction of labor by a novel double balloon device. (1991)

Artificial ripening of the unfavorable cervix was attempted in 48 women using intracervical prostaglandin (PG) E2 gel applied by a cannula and in 70 others by a newly designed double balloon device (Atad Ripener Device). In the first group (phase A), application of PGE2 gel by intracervical cannula resulted in a mean increase of 3 points in the Bishop score and a mean instillation-to-delivery time of 34.2 hours. The study of labor induction by the double balloon device was carried out in two parts. One (phase B) consisted of a double-blind randomized controlled study in which, through the double balloon device, ten women received PGE2 gel and another ten were given placebo gel. There was no significant difference in the increase of Bishop score between the two groups (5.8 points in the treatment group and 6.0 in the placebo-controlled group). Ninety percent of women in both groups delivered vaginally with a mean of 20.8 hours after device insertion. The third phase of the study consisted of an open trial of inserting the double balloon device alone without PGE2, and inflating the balloons in 50 patients. A mean increase of 4.4 points in the Bishop score was noted in these women. These findings suggest that the use of the double balloon device for ripening of the unfavorable cervix is an effective and well-tolerated method of labor induction.
Retinal-Inspired Algorithms for Detection of Moving Objects (2018)

The retina plays an important role in animal vision --- namely preprocessing visual information before sending it to the brain through the optic nerve. Understanding how the retina does this is of particular relevance for development and design of neuromorphic sensors, especially those focused towards image processing. Our research focuses on examining mechanisms of motion processing in the retina. We are specifically interested in detection of moving targets under challenging conditions, specifically small or low-contrast (dim) targets amidst high quantities of clutter or distractor signals. In this paper we compare a classic motion-sensitive cell model, the Hassenstein-Reichardt model, to a model of the OMS (object motion-sensitive) cell, that relies primarily on change-detection, and describe scenarios for which each model is better suited. We also examine mechanisms, inspired by features of retinal circuitry, by which performance may be enhanced. For example, lateral inhibition (mediated by amacrine cells) conveys selectivity for small targets to the W3 ganglion cell --- we demonstrate that a similar mechanism can be combined with the previously mentioned motion-processing cell models to select small moving targets for further processing.
Deterministically polarized fluorescence from single dye molecules aligned in liquid crystal host (2005)

We demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge deterministically polarized fluorescence from single dye molecules. Planar aligned nematic liquid crystal hosts provide deterministic alignment of single dye molecules in a preferred direction.
An Algorithm for Determining the Direction to a Flicker Source (2006)

This paper describes an algorithm for calculating the direction to a flicker source with respect to a monitoring point. The proposed algorithm is based on sampling of both the voltage and current. The low-frequency fluctuations in voltage and current are recovered from the input signals by demodulation, and passed through a bandpass filter as described in IEC 61000-4-15. A new quantity-flicker power-is defined from the output signals of the two filters. The direction to a flicker source is obtained from the sign of this flicker power. The proposed algorithm has been validated by simulations and several field measurements.
Pressureless sintering of iron aluminides (2001)

The hot corrosion resistance of sprayed and atomized Fe–40 at.% Al, Fe40Al+0.1B and Fe40Al+0.1B+10Al2O3 intermetallic materials have been evaluated in NaVO3 at 625 and 700°C using polarization curves and linear polarization resistance measurements. Also, the results were supported by X-ray diffractometry and electron microscopy studies. The tests lasted 10 days. At 625°C, the Fe40Al+0.1B+10Al2O3 material exhibited the lowest corrosion rate, whereas the Fe40Al had the highest corrosion rate. At 700°C the three materials exhibited erratic behavior during the first 100 h, and after this all the intermetallics had the same corrosion rate. However, the corrosion rate was higher at 625 than at 700°C. The results are discussed in terms of an electrochemical mechanism, the establishment of an Al2O3 layer, which is more protective in the Al2O3-containing aluminide and seems to increase its protectiveness as the temperature increases from 625 to 700°C.
One-pot reduction of graphene oxide at subzero temperatures (2011)

We report a new reducing agent system: hydriodic acid with trifluoroacetic acid, which can chemically convert graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide at temperatures below 0 °C in solution. This is the first achievement to produce reduced graphene oxide at subzero temperature with a mass production.
Estimation of the SRS crosstalk on pilot-tones in WDM systems using a dither transfer matrix (2002)

The effect of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on pilot-tones and optical performance monitoring in a WDM system is considered by small signal analysis of the SRS equation and introducing a new concept-a dither transfer matrix (DTM).
Generating alignment lines by reflection (1985)

In recent years, the practice of aligning objects with the aid of a projected line of light has seen rapid expansion. Line-beam and cross-beam generators incorporating low-power He-Ne lasers and cylindrical lenses are readily available on the commercial market. Alignment devices that diverge the beam by refraction are generally more popular than complicated systems that sweep the beam into a line with rotating mirrors or prisms, in the medical field, refractive devices are commonly used for positioning patients during diagnostic scanning procedures.
High char yield epoxy curing agents (1981)

Class of imide-amine curing agents preserves structural integrity, prevents fiber release, and is fully compatible with conventional epoxy resins; agents do not detract from composite properties while greatly reducing char yield. Materials utilizing curing are used in aerospace, automotive, and other structural components where deterioration must be minimized and fiber release avoided in event of fire.
Digital staining of pathological images: dye amount correction for improved classification performance (2007)

Physical staining is indispensable in pathology. While physical staining uses chemicals, "digital staining" exploits the differing spectral characteristics of the different tissue components to simulate the effect of physical staining. Digital staining for pathological images involves two basic processes: classification of tissue components and digital colorization whereby the classified tissue components are impressed with colors associated to their reaction to specific dyes. Spectral features, i.e. spectral transmittance, of the different tissue structures are dependent on the staining condition of the tissue slide. Thus, if the staining condition of the test image is different, classification result is affected, and the resulting digitally-stained image may not reflect the desired result. This paper shows that it is possible to obtain robust classification results by correcting the dye amount of each test-image pixel using Beer Lambert's Law. Also the effectiveness of such technique to be incorporated to the current digital staining scheme is investigated as well.
Quantitative Estimation of the Total Sulfide Concentration in Live Tissues by Two-Photon Microscopy (2013)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a newly recognized transmitter, which protects various organs from oxidative stress. In this article, we report a ratiometric two-photon probe, TFCA, which can be excited by 750 nm femtosecond pulses, shows a 110-fold increase in the intensity ratio upon reaction with HS(-) and high selectivity for HS(-) and can visualize the total sulfide ([H2S] + [HS(-)]) distribution in live tissue by two-photon microscopy (TPM). We also developed a kinetic method to quantitatively estimate the total sulfide concentration ([H2S] + [HS(-)]) in live tissues. The kinetic method allowed us to measure the observed rate constants (kobs) for the sulfide-induced deazidation reaction of TFCA in live cells and tissues using TPM. The total sulfide concentration was calculated by using kobs = k2[HS(-)], with the k2 value determined in HEPES/EtOH (1/1, pH = 7.2), and [H2S]/[HS(-)] = [H(+)]/Ka. The total sulfide concentration was found to be nearly zero in HeLa cells and 4-7 μM in rat colon tissues.
Superlattice quantum cascade lasers (1999)

Novel approaches to the design of inter-miniband quantum cascade lasers with undoped active regions are presented. The applied electric field is compensated across the superlattices, either by exploiting the field generated by extrinsic charges in special modulation-doped injection regions, or with an effective 'quasi-electric field' obtained by varying the superlattice period and duty-cycle so that a flat miniband condition is reached. Broadening mechanisms and optical losses introduced by the otherwise needed dopants in the superlattices are thus reduced, dramatically lowering the threshold current densities and improving the temperature performance of the lasers. At the same time the appealing properties of inter-miniband based devices, i.e. automatic population inversion and high current carrying capabilities, are preserved. Room temperature record-high peak (approximately 0.5 W) and average (14 mW) powers are observed for a (lambda) equals 7.6 micrometer laser. The lowest threshold current densities reported up to now in quantum cascade lasers at 300 K (J<SUB>th</SUB> equals 4.5 kA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) are also obtained, which translates in very large maximum temperatures for continuous wave operation (160 K).Inter- miniband superlattice structures prove particularly useful in extending laser operation towards longer wavelengths, where the increased optical absorption losses and the reduced radiative efficiency require larger driving currents. This is shown by the realization of a laser with chirped superlattice active regions operating at (lambda) equals 17 micrometer, well beyond the longest wavelength ((lambda) equals 13 micrometer) so far demonstrated for conventional quantum cascade lasers based on inter-subband transitions.
Enantioselective Photocycloaddition Mediated by Chiral Brønsted Acids:  Asymmetric Synthesis of the Rocaglamides (2006)

Enantioselective syntheses of methyl rocaglate and the related natural products rocaglamide and rocaglaol are outlined. The approach involves enantioselective [3 + 2] photocycloaddition promoted by chiral Brønsted acids (TADDOLs) to afford an aglain precursor followed by a ketol shift/reduction sequence to the rocaglate core.
<i>APOL1</i>nephropathy: from gene to mechanisms of kidney injury (2015)

The contribution of African ancestry to the risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and chronic kidney disease has been partially explained by the recently described chromosome 22q variants in the gene apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1). The APOL1 variants appear at a high allele frequency in populations of West African ancestry as a result of apparent adaptive selection of the heterozygous state. Heterozygosity protects from infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. This review will describe the role of the approaches in population genetics for the description of APOL1-associated nephropathies and draw inferences as to the biologic mechanisms from genetic epidemiology findings to date. Modifier loci can influence APOL1 risk for the development of kidney disease. 'Second hits', both viral and non-viral, may explain the discrepancy between the remarkably high odds ratios and the low lifetime risks of kidney disease in two allele carriers of APOL1 risk variants. Therapeutic strategies for APOL1-associated nephropathies will require the prevention and treatment of these 'second hits' and the development of drugs to protect the APOL1 downstream renal injury pathways.
Expression of Coat Protein Gene from Cucumber Mosaic Virus Strain C in Tobacco: Protection Against Infections by CMV Strains Transmitted Mechanically or by Aphids (1991)

The coat protein (CP) gene from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain C was engineered for expression in plants and transferred into the genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Xanthi'). Transfer of the CP gene was confirmed, and plants containing it produced the expected 1,400-nucleotide mRNA and 24-kDa protein products, which were detected by northern and western blots, respectively (...)
Formation of niobium carbonitride superconductor fibers by chemical conversion of carbon fibers (1976)

Preparation of a continuous multifilament NbCN superconducting yarn using a process base on chemical conversion of a precursor stress is described. The filament is prepared by reaction of a carbon yarn with NbCl/sub 5/ + H/sub 2/ + N/sub 2/. The stability of the various phases which are formed is discussed in terms of reaction temperature, degree of conversion, and contact time. Conditions necessary for formation and stabilization of the NbCN phase are indicated.
High Speed Scintillation Autoradiography (1975)

Impregnation of nuclear track emulsion with liquid scintillator and exposure at -85 degrees C allows rapid autoradiographic labeling. With tritiated thymidine of high specific activity (40 to 60 curies per millimole), exposure time can be shortened to 20 to 60 minutes, allowing complete sample processing within 4 hours. In experiments requiring isotopes with low incorporation rates or low specific activity, exposure time can be shortened from months to several days.
Immunomodulating anti-cancer chemotherapy based on HPMA conjugates with pH-controlled release of doxorubicin. (2006)

5577 Chemotherapy is an established modality in cancer treatment and the range of anti-tumor agents is fairly broad. However, most clinically used drugs cause severe side-effects to the patients. Therefore, a search for highly specific anti-cancer agents possessing decreased adverse toxicity is currently one of major issues in anti-cancer research. During last decades, a group of novel therapeutics - polymeric macromolecular prodrugs - was developed and found to comply with the criteria of reduced non-specific toxicity and tumor specificity. Moreover, the specificity of these prodrugs was shown to be further enhanced if coupled to polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies or other tumor-recognizing molecules. Among these macromolecular systems, especially polymeric conjugates of N -(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers and doxorubicin proved to be highly efficient in targeted killing of tumor cells. Several types of HPMA based prodrugs were designed with the aim to additionally improve their therapeutic effect. Recently, conjugates with pH-controlled release of the drug proved to be extremely effective in killing tumor cells in vitro . These prodrugs are also highly potent in managing experimental cancer models in vivo , i.e. HPMA-based therapeutics are able to induce complete and long lasting remission of established tumor. More importantly, we have repeatedly documented that the cured animals do not develop the disease if re-transplanted with a lethal dose of original tumor cells even some one hundred days after the onset of the therapy. As this anti-tumor resistance can be transferred with splenocytes of cured donors to naive recipients, we can conclude that polymeric conjugates are capable of triggering the onset of effective specific anti-tumor immune response in treated animals. To find whether such an immune response is effective also in an early phase of the therapy, we transplanted treated mice with a challenge tumor cells while the original tumor was still present, however, when the drug is not detectable in the bloodstream anymore. As the challenge cells were prevented from establishing tumor, it seems that those cells had to be managed by immune system since there was no drug available to account for the effect. Therapy with HPMA-based conjugates is highly efficient in managing growing tumors and, moreover, triggers effective anti-tumor immunity early during the course of the treatment. Activated immune system, in addition to direct cytotoxic effect the drug, is responsible for the eradication of established tumor. In sum, HPMA based conjugates generally and particularly those with pH-controlled release of the drug seem to be very promising novel agents for efficient anti-cancer treatment. Acknowledgement: The research was supported by GACR (GACR 310/03/H147, GACR 305/02/1425), IGA AVCR (A 4050201) and by Institutional Research Concept (AV0Z5020903).
CA-NFS (2009)

We develop a holistic framework for adaptively scheduling asynchronous requests in distributed file systems. The system is holistic in that it manages all resources, including network bandwidth, server I/O, server CPU, and client and server memory utilization. It accelerates, defers, or cancels asynchronous requests in order to improve application-perceived performance directly. We employ congestion pricing via online auctions to coordinate the use of system resources by the file system clients so that they can detect shortages and adapt their resource usage. We implement our modifications in the Congestion-Aware Network File System (CA-NFS), an extension to the ubiquitous network file system (NFS). Our experimental result shows that CA-NFS results in a 20% improvement in execution times when compared with NFS for a variety of workloads.
Read-Preferred SRAM Cell With Write-Assist Circuit Using Back-Gate ETSOI Transistors in 22-nm Technology (2012)

The degradation of the read stability and write ability of static random-access memory (SRAM) is becoming a critical problem in deep submicrometer technology. To solve this problem, there are many SRAM cell design options such as preferred cells and assist circuits. In addition, extremely thin silicon-on-insulator (ETSOI) with a buried oxide offers an independent back-gate control. In this paper, previously proposed SRAM back-gate-assist circuit schemes are analyzed. From this, we propose a read-preferred SRAM cell with a write-assist circuit using the back-gate ETSOI. The proposed write-assist circuit minimizes the dynamic power overhead and satisfies a sufficient cell sigma in all cells during the read and write operations.
Design and analysis of 6-T 2-MTJ ternary Content Addressable Memory (2015)

Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is widely used in pattern matching, internet data processing and many other fields where searching a specific pattern of data is a major operation. Conventional CAMs suffer from area, power, and speed limitations. We propose a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based Ternary CAM (TCAM). The proposed TCAM cell is 127 percent (33 percent) area efficient compared to conventional CMOS TCAM (spintronic TCAMs). We analyzed sense margin of the proposed TCAM with respect to 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256-bit words sizes in 22nm predictive technology. Simulations indicated reliable sense margin of 50mV even at 0.7V supply voltage. The worst case sense delay and sense margin of 256-bit TCAM is found to be 263ps and 220mV respectively at 1V supply voltage. The average search power consumed is 13mW and the search energy is 4.7fJ per bit search. The write time is 4ns and the write energy is 0.69pJ per bit.
Local anisotropic structure in amorphous Ba-Fe-O films and its role in determining magnetic anisotropy in crystallized Ba-hexaferrite films (1995)

Ba hexaferrite films with the easy direction of magnetization perpendicular or in-plane can be prepared by crystallization of amorphous films deposited under different sputtering conditions. Using polarization-dependent EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure), we have observed anisotropic local structure around the Fe atoms in as-sputtered amorphous Ba-Fe-O films. Such structure has not been detectable by conventional structural characterization techniques (X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]). The results suggest that this local structural anisotropy determines the orientation of the fast-growing basal plane directions during post-deposition annealing and thus the directions of the c-axes and the magnetic anisotropy.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Carotenoporphyrin−Fullerene Triads:  Temperature and Solvent Effects (2000)

A carotenoid (C) porphyrin (P) fullerene (C60) molecular triad (C−P−C60) has been synthesized and found to undergo photoinduced electron transfer from the porphyrin first excited singlet state or to the fullerene first excited singlet state to yield C−P•+−C60•-. Electron transfer from the carotenoid then gives a C•+−P−C60•- final charge-separated state. This state is formed with quantum yields up to 0.88 and has a lifetime of up to 1 μs, depending upon the conditions. The various electron transfer rate constants are relatively insensitive to solvent and temperature. The quantum yield of C•+−P−C60•- is relatively constant under conditions ranging from fluid solutions at ambient temperatures to a rigid organic glass at 8 K. In most solvents, recombination of C•+−P−C60•- yields the carotenoid triplet state, rather than the ground state. The results suggest that the energies of the charge-separated states of fullerene-based systems are only about half as sensitive to changes in solvent dielectric constant as are those for similar molecules with quinone electron acceptors, and that total reorganization energies for electron transfer are also smaller.
CC-Hunter: Uncovering Covert Timing Channels on Shared Processor Hardware (2014)

As we increasingly rely on computers to process and manage our personal data, safeguarding sensitive information from malicious hackers is a fast growing concern. Among many forms of information leakage, covert timing channels operate by establishing an illegitimate communication channel between two processes and through transmitting information via timing modulation, thereby violating the underlying system's security policy. Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of popular computing environments, such as cloud computing, to these covert timing channels. In this work, we propose a new micro architecture-level framework, CC-Hunter, that detects the possible presence of covert timing channels on shared hardware. Our experiments demonstrate that Chanter is able to successfully detect different types of covert timing channels at varying bandwidths and message patterns.