gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Micromachined capacitive immersion ultrasonic transducers</title> (1998)

In the last five years we have been actively developing capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUT) since they have potential advantages over piezoelectric transducers, such as ease of fabrication in single elements and arrays, broad bandwidth and high efficiency. We report on research efforts in the theoretical understanding of cMUT with an improved electrical equivalent circuit model as well as its actual implementation through microfabrication. First, we present a process sequence that has allowed us to make reproducible devices with sealed membranes. The impact of electrode metalization on the impedance, bandwidth and efficiency of the devices will be discussed, and experimental results will be compared to theoretical models. Our study in the paper indicates that the best cMUT performance can be achieved with the appropriate fabrication process under certain constraints. Our most recent devices have been designed to have an input impedance with areal part of 50 Ohms at a frequency around 5 Mhz. A through transmission measurement gave a dynamic range of better than 100 dB while operating in the frequency range of 1-10 MHz. Operated without tuning, the devices are capable of operation from dc to 10s of MHz which is achieved because the devices are not resonant. In summary, we will present a novel technology capable of delivering surface micromachined ultrasonic transducers that are efficient, and easy to make single element and multiple elements array transducers. These devices can also be integrated on chip with transmitter and receiver electronics.
New Directions for Low‐Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Notes on Majority Boolean Algebra (2016)

A Majority-Inverter Graph (MIG) is a homogeneous logic network, where each node represents the majority function. Recently, a logic optimization package based on the MIG data structure, with 3-input majority node (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) has been proposed [2],[30]. It is demonstrated to have efficient area-delay-power results compared to state-of-the-art logic optimization packages. In this paper, the Boolean algebraic transformations based on majority logic, i.e., majority Boolean algebra is studied. In the first part of this paper, we summarize a range of identities for majority Boolean algebra with their corresponding proofs. In the second part, we venture towards heterogeneous logic network and provide reversible logic mapping of majority nodes.
Yesquel (2015)

Based on a brief history of the storage systems for Web applications, we motivate the need for a new storage system. We then describe the architecture of such a system, called Yesquel. Yesquel supports the sql query language and offers performance similar to nosql storage systems.
A Domain Specific Expert System Tool for Building Photofinishing Process Diagnostic Systems (1987)

The knowledge-based method is a new and useful technique to build computer systems for applications which are heuristic rather than algorithmic in nature. This paper discusses how the approach can be applied to photofinishing process diagnostics. A prototype sys tem for diagnosing Process E-6 for Kodak Ektachrome films is built to understand the knowledge structure and inferencing criteria for photofinishing process diagnostics. The experience gained from building the prototype Process E-6 diagnostic system has been ap plied to the design of an expert system tool for building photofinishing process diagnostic systems without the direct involvement of a knowledge engineer.
Application of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering techniques to the ultrasensitive identification of natural dyes in works of art (2006)

Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for the detection of natural dyes found in archeological and historical textiles, in paintings, and in other works of art. Natural organic products historically used as textile dyes or lake pigments are often fluorescent under normal dispersive Raman measurement conditions. To add to the fluorescence problem, the amount of dye actually present on works of art is minimal, requiring extremely sensitive analytical techniques. The enhancement of the Raman signal and the quenching of the background fluorescence resulting from the adsorption of dye molecules on metal nanoparticles in SERS concur to solve the problems encountered when studying dyes by Raman spectroscopy. Reproducible spectra of several reference dyes were obtained, and extraction and adsorption protocols to optimize the analysis of samples from actual work of art were developed. SERS supports evaluated include citrate‐reduced and hydroxylamine‐reduced Ag colloids, as well as Tollens mirrors and silver nanoisland films. Dyes for which SERS spectra were observed include: alizarin, purpurin, laccaic acid, carminic acid, kermesic acid, shikonin, juglone, lawsone, brazilin and brazilein, haematoxylin and haematein, fisetin, quercitrin, quercetin, rutin, and morin. The incompatibility with SERS of techniques traditionally used to extract dyes from artwork samples was demonstrated, and a nonextractive hydrolysis technique specially suited to prepare SERS microscopic samples was developed. Finally, SERS was successfully used to identify alizarin in a 1mm by 50 µm (diameter) single fiber sample form a sixteenth‐century tapestry. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MR360: Mixed Reality Rendering for 360° Panoramic Videos (2017)

This paper presents a novel immersive system called MR360 that provides interactive mixed reality (MR) experiences using a conventional low dynamic range (LDR) 360° panoramic video (360-video) shown in head mounted displays (HMDs). MR360 seamlessly composites 3D virtual objects into a live 360-video using the input panoramic video as the lighting source to illuminate the virtual objects. Image based lighting (IBL) is perceptually optimized to provide fast and believable results using the LDR 360-video as the lighting source. Regions of most salient lights in the input panoramic video are detected to optimize the number of lights used to cast perceptible shadows. Then, the areas of the detected lights adjust the penumbra of the shadow to provide realistic soft shadows. Finally, our real-time differential rendering synthesizes illumination of the virtual 3D objects into the 360-video. MR360 provides the illusion of interacting with objects in a video, which are actually 3D virtual objects seamlessly composited into the background of the 360-video. MR360 was implemented in a commercial game engine and tested using various 360-videos. Since our MR360 pipeline does not require any pre-computation, it can synthesize an interactive MR scene using a live 360-video stream while providing realistic high performance rendering suitable for HMDs.
Metal-Semiconductor Nanocomposites for High Efficiency Thermoelectric Power Generation (2013)

Abstract : Demonstrated high ZT1.7 at 800K for the first time in nanostructured III-V material (0.12-0.5% ErAs:InGaAs). Successful electron transport modeling can explain temperature dependent Seebeck coefficient and mobility without fitting parameters. For the case of 0.8% TbAs:InGaAs, a ZT of 1.04 at 600K was demonstrated. Interestingly power factor enhancement for TbAs is much bigger than that for ErAs nanoparticles. However ErAs nanoparticles give higher thermal conductivity due to their smaller size (1nm vs. 2-5nm). Detailed experimental optimization of p-ErSb:InxGa1-xSb lead to ZT=0.57 at 530K. In the case of metal/semiconductor multilayers, observed giant cross-plane Seebeck coefficients of 2,560 microV/K at room temperature and 16,640 microV/K at 360 K, and extremely low room temperature thermal conductivity of 0.92 W/mK for La0.67Sr0.33MgO3/LaMnO3 perovskite oxide metal/semiconductor superlattices. Excellent agreement with the first principle calculations. First measurements of Seebeck for nitride superlattice (130 microV/K at 700K). Matches theoretical Seebeck at high-temperatures. This corresponds to ZT2.5 with measured thermal conductivity and theoretical electrical conductivity. Finally, demonstrated fast Seebeck mapping with a novel multi-probe scanning Seebeck system. This is now used by BSST (Gentherm) to study the uniformity of variety of TE materials. Finally performed a detailed cost/efficiency trade off analysis for TE power generation and first analytical calculation of stress in multi-leg TE modules. The new model shows that the shearing stress under temperature gradient can be significantly reduced with low fractional area coverage of TE elements.
Multimodal capture of consumer intent in retail (2008)

In this paper we present a prototype for capturing retail related consumer intent using multiple devices and in multimodal input formats such as text, audio, and still images. The prototype was used in a longitudinal user study to analyze the process that consumers go through in order to make purchasing decisions. Based on these findings, we recommend desirable features for information management systems specifically designed for the retail environment.
The intrinsic nanofibrillar morphology of polyaniline (2005)

Polyaniline nanofibers are shown to form spontaneously during the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline. The nanofibrillar morphology does not require any template or surfactant, and appears to be intrinsic to polyaniline synthesized in water. Two approaches--interfacial polymerization and rapidly-mixed reactions--have been developed to prepare pure nanofibers. The key is suppressing the secondary growth that leads to agglomerated particles. The effects of different dopant acids and solvents are discussed. Changing the dopant acid can be used to tune the diameters of the nanofibers between about 30 and 120 nm. Changing the organic solvent in interfacial polymerization reactions has little effect on the product. A brief discussion of the processibility of the nanofibers is presented. The possibility of creating nanofibrillar structures for selected polyaniline derivatives is also demonstrated.
Use of Image Analysis to Estimate Average Stopped Delays per Vehicle at Signalized Intersections (2001)

Average stopped delay has been used to determine the level of service (LOS) of signalized intersections. This work has mostly been done offline by using manual field observation methods, analytical models, and simulation software. Dynamic evaluation of the LOS of signalized intersections has been difficult because the use of conventional methods requires a large amount of labor and cost if such analyses were conducted periodically. However, many traffic operations centers wish to be able to coordinate surface street and freeway management when congestion occurs. It is demonstrated that image analysis can be used to dynamically determine average stopped delay. Two methods—the gap method and the motion method—were developed and compared with ITE’s field delay observation method. Traffic Software Integrated System software was used to create images of queued vehicles. To eliminate parallax problems, two simple assumptions were made: the queued vehicles were viewed from the direction normal to the pavement, and all lines of sight were parallel to the camera’s view direction. At present, the algorithms are simple, but they produced promising results. Various analysis time intervals from 1 to 20 s were used to estimate stopped delay. The gap method gave a good result when the time interval was about 15 s; the motion method produced a good result when the time interval was 1 or 2 s. The manual observation method resulted in a good estimate similar to that which the simulation software produced, especially when the time interval was about 10 s or less.
Calligraphic poling for WGM resonators (2006)

By engineering the geometry of a nonlinear optical crystal, the effective efficiency of all nonlinear optical oscillations can be increased dramatically. Specifically, sphere and disk shaped crystal resonators have been used to demonstrate nonlinear optical oscillations at sub-miliwatt input power when cw light propagates in a Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) of such a resonant cavity. In terms of both device production and experimentation in quantum optics, some nonlinear optical effects with naturally high efficiency can occult the desired nonlinear scattering process. The efficiency of second order nonlinear optical effects in ferroelectric crystals can be increased by engineering a poling structure to the crystal resonator. In this paper, I will discuss a new method for generating poling structures in ferroelectric crystal resonators called <i>calligraphic poling</i>. The details of the poling apparatus, experimental results, and speculation on future applications will be discussed.
Medical Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Medical Partial Coherence Interferometry (PCI) (1997)

Abstract This paper gives a short introduction to optical coherence tomography (OCT) and partial coherence interferometry (PCI). Basic principles and important techniques are explained. Recent papers describing applications of OCT and PCI in the medical field are reviewed.
Identification and Validation of Human DNA Ligase Inhibitors Using Computer-Aided Drug Design (2008)

Linking together of DNA strands by DNA ligases is essential for DNA replication and repair. Since many therapies used to treat cancer act by causing DNA damage, there is growing interest in the development of DNA repair inhibitors. Accordingly, virtual database screening and experimental evaluation were applied to identify inhibitors of human DNA ligase I (hLigI). When a DNA binding site within the DNA binding domain (DBD) of hLigI was targeted, more than 1 million compounds were screened from which 192 were chosen for experimental evaluation. In DNA joining assays, 10 compounds specifically inhibited hLigI, 5 of which also inhibited the proliferation of cultured human cell lines. Analysis of the 10 active compounds revealed the utility of including multiple protein conformations and chemical clustering in the virtual screening procedure. The identified ligase inhibitors are structurally diverse and have druglike physical and molecular characteristics making them ideal for further drug development studies.
A Physically Reconfigurable Structurally Embedded Vascular Antenna (2017)

This paper discusses the fabrication, operation, and physical reconfiguration of a structurally embedded vascular antenna. The antenna is a thin-wire dipole that meanders with rotational symmetry according to a sinusoid with power-series growth. It is formed from two curvilinear vascular networks embedded into a structural composite panel and connected to a conductive vertical interconnect structure and SubMiniature Version A-connected parallel-strip transmission line for excitation and measurement. The pressure-driven flow of a liquid metal alloy within the vascular network enables the physical reconfiguration of the meandering dipole with the primary goal of dynamically tuning the matched impedance bandwidth of the fundamental dipole mode by symmetrically lengthening the conductive pathways forming the dipole. Details regarding the design, fabrication, simulation, and measurement of the meandering dipole antenna are provided along with a linearly expanding dipole for comparison.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development in Synthetic Strategies for Oseltamivir Phosphate (2011)

Abstract Review: 67 refs.
Plunger-Lift Monitoring by Analyzing Wellbore High-Frequency Acoustic Signals and Tubing and Casing Pressures (2003)

Summary Plunger-lift operations are difficult to optimize owing to a lack of knowledge concerning tubing, casing, and bottomhole pressures; liquid accumulation in the tubing; and the location of the plunger. Monitoring plunger position in the tubing helps the operator understand the operation of the plunger system to optimize the removal of liquids and gas from the well. Plunger position can be tracked from the surface by monitoring the acoustic signals generated as it falls down the tubing. When the plunger passes a tubing collar recess, an acoustic pulse is generated that travels up the gas within the tubing and can be monitored at the surface by a microphone and/or a sensitive pressure transducer. The digitized signal is processed to display plunger depth and velocity and well pressures vs. time. Plunger arrival at the liquid level in and at the bottom of the tubing are identified on the time plots. A field case is presented to show how this information can be applied to optimize plunger-lift operations.
Longitudinal Analysis of HIV Type 1 Subtype C Envelope Sequences from South Africa (2007)

The envelope genes of 23 subtype C viral isolates from five individuals with early HIV-1 infection, followed for 2-4 years, were sequenced, analyzed, and correlated to coreceptor usage. Isolates from three participants used the CCR5 coreceptor at all time points, with no significant adaptations in the variable loop lengths, predicted N-linked glycosylation sites, or predicted change in sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies with disease progression. However, two individuals, Du151 and Du179, who had previously been shown to be dually infected with two phylogenetically distinct subtype C strains, were able to use CXCR4 with disease progression. The intraperson genetic diversity was 9% for Du151 and 3% for Du179 compared to <2% for participants who did not undergo a coreceptor switch. In both cases this coreceptor switch was associated with specific amino acid changes in the crown, an increased net amino acid charge in the V3 loop, and an increase in the length of the V1 region.
Acceleration of Test Generation for Sequential Circuits Using Knowledge Obtained from Synthesis for Testability (2007)

In this paper, we propose a method of accelerating test generation for sequential circuits by using the knowledge about the availability of state justification sequences, the bound on the length of state distinguishing sequences, differentiation between valid and invalid states, and the existence of a reset state. We also propose a method of synthesis for testability (SfT) which takes the features of our test generation method into consideration to synthesize sequential circuits from given FSM descriptions. The SfT method guarantees that the test generator will be able to find a state distinguishing sequence. The proposed method extracts the state justification sequence from the FSM produced by the synthesizer to improve the performance of its test generation process. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve 100% fault efficiency in relatively short test generation time.
Evaluation of the Profile of Thrombin Generation during the Process of Whole Blood Clotting as Assessed by Thromboelastography. (2004)

Abstract The evaluation of thrombin generation during blood coagulation has become the preferred clinically relevant approach to assess the global integrity of this complex process. In order to give the full picture of the physiology of this multifactorial reaction, all cellular and soluble plasma participants to this reaction have to be present in their natural whole blood environment. Whole blood thrombin generation tests are best suited for this purpose but are somewhat cumbersome for use in real time clinical practice. Thrombelastography has long been recognized as a clinically useful technology for assessment of whole blood coagulation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of linking the tracing generated by clotting of whole blood in a Thrombelastograph® (TEG®) Hemostasis System with the generation of thrombin as assessed by thrombin/antithrombin complex (TAT). 320μL of citrated whole blood (3.2% buffered citrate and 1000μg/ml of corn trypsin inhibitor; 1 part to 9 parts of blood) from volunteers was clotted in the presence of 20μL CaCl2 (200mM) and 20μL of Innovin (1/100 diluted in PBS/albumin 4%, pH 7.4). Clotting was monitored with 8 channels of the TEG® system. At different time points (4 to 40 min) the whole blood TEG® reaction cups were put in 2640μL of cold quenching solution (EDTA 50mM, L-benzamidine 10mM, NaCl 150mM, HEPES 2mM, pH 7.4, and 10μL of 10mM D-Phe-Pro-Arg CH2Cl chloromethylketone diluted in 0.01M HCl), vortexed, and centrifuged, and the supernatants were kept at −80°C until assayed for TAT by ELISA. Total Thrombus Generation (TTG) was calculated from the first derivative of the TEG® waveform and was compared to the thrombin generation as measured by TAT as described above. The two vectors of values - the TAT thrombin generation data and the corresponding TEG® TTG - were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear, non-linear, and natural log (Ln) transformation of TAT values for least-squares goodness-of-fit curves. The best least-squares fit is the exponential curve (Fig. 1) and its corresponding natural log transformation of TAT value as shown by Fig. 2, with R2 = 0.8787 (P &lt; 0.0001). The prediction equation for TAT thrombin generation is y = 3122.7e0.0005x, where x is the TEG® TTG variable (P &lt; 0.0001). Linearizing using the natural log of the TAT thrombin generation variable (Fig. 2), produces the same R2 as the exponential curve. The prediction equation is y = 8.0465 + 0.0005x, significant at P &lt; 0.0001, where y is the TAT thrombin generation in the Ln transformation variable and x is the TEG® TTG variable. The high magnitude of R2 and the high significance of the prediction equation demonstrate the high efficacy of the prediction of TAT thrombin generation using the TEG® TTG.
Long–Term Interleukin 10 Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Has A Proviral and Anti–Inflammatory Effect (2003)

An imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cytokine production is implicated in disease progression of HCV. Our aim was to determine the effect of IL–10 administration in patients with HCV–related liver disease. Thirty patients with advanced fibrosis who had failed antiviral therapy were enrolled in a 12–month treatment regimen with SQ IL–10 given daily or thrice weekly. Liver biopsies were performed before and after therapy. Serum and PBMC were collected for HCV RNA, ALT, and functional T–cell analysis. IL–10 led to significant improvement in serum ALT (mean ALT: day 0 = 142 ± 17 vs. month 12 = 75 ± 10; P < .05). Hepatic inflammation score decreased by at least 2 in 13 of 28 patients (mean decrease from 4.6 ± 0.3 to 3.7 ± 0.3, P < .05) and 11 of 28 showed a reduction in fibrosis score (mean change from 5.0 ± 0.2 to 4.5 ± 0.3, P < .05). Serum HCV RNA levels increased by 0.5 log during therapy (mean HCV RNA day 0: 12.3 ± 3.0 Meq/mL; 12 months: 38 Meq/mL; P < .05) and returned to baseline at the end of follow–up (11.0 ± 2.4 Meq/ml). Five patients developed viral loads of greater than 120 Meq/mL and two of these developed an acute flare in serum ALT. IL–10 caused a decrease in the number of HCV–specific CD4 + and CD8 + IFN–γ secreting T cells and alterations in PBMC cytokine production towards a Th2 dominant profile. These changes parallel the improvement in ALT and rise in HCV RNA. In conclusion, long–term rIL–10 therapy appears to decrease disease activity, but also leads to increased HCV viral burden via alterations in immunologic viral surveillance. (Hepatology 2003;38:859-868).