gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separate Color Correction for Tone Compression in HDR Image Rendering (2013)

Many High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) rendering techniques have been developed. Of these, the image color appearance model, iCAM, is a typical HDR image rendering algorithm. HDR rendering methods normally require a tone compression process and include many color space transformations from the RGB signal of an input image to the RGB signal of output devices for the realistic depiction of a captured image. The iCAM06, which is a refined iCAM, also contains a tone compression step and several color space conversions for HDR image reproduction. On the other hand, the tone compression and frequent color space changes in the iCAM06 cause color distortion, such as a hue shift and saturation reduction of the output image. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a separate color correction method that has no effect on the output luminance values by controlling only the saturation and hue of the color attributes. The color saturation of the output image was compensated for using the compensation gain and the hue shift was corrected using the rotation matrix. The separate color correction method reduces the existing color changes in iCAM06. The compensation gain and rotation matrix for the color correction were formulated based on the relationship between the input and output tristimulus values through the tone compression. The experimental results show that the revised iCAM06 with the proposed method has better performance than the default iCAM06.
Examination of the Optimal Insulation Thickness of Exterior Walls for Climate Change (2011)

By strengthening the insulation performance of a building, a great deal of energy can be saved and a comfortable indoor environment can be offered to people. On the other hand, the climate, which has a great influence on the indoor environment, is changed by global warming. Therefore, in planning building envelope structure and design, climate change should be considered. In this paper, the optimal insulation thickness of exterior walls was calculated by an economic assessment method using heating degree-days. Additionally, how much influence climate change has on planning building insulation was investigated. The examination showed that heating degree-days have decreased by about 10% due to climate change in the past few decades. It was also shown that the optimal insulation thickness of exterior walls was thin, at about 6%, in three representative Korean cities (Seoul, Daejeon, Jeju).
Two mechanisms of inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation by soluble yeast mannan polysaccharide (1984)

The literature on chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis contains multiple reports which suggest that loss of cell-mediated immunity in this disease may be related in part to the presence of an inhibitory factor(s) present in patient plasma. One such inhibitory factor has been suggested to be mannan polysaccharide released from the cell wall of the pathogen. The present report describes results of experiments to consider mechanisms by which yeast mannan influences proliferative responses of human lymphocytes. Mannan for these experiments was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We observed that mannan-mediated inhibition of proliferative responses to a battery of stimuli (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and Candida, mumps, streptococcus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus antigens) was related in part to an effect of copper associated with the mannan and possibly to the superoxide dismutase activity of the mannan-copper complex. Mannan made deficient in copper by use of a copper-chelating resin appeared to inhibit only lymphoproliferation stimulated by the Candida antigen. These results suggest that inhibitory effects of yeast mannans on lymphoproliferative responses may involve at least two mechanisms, one related to hydrogen peroxide production augmented by mannan-copper complexes and another related to still unknown effects independent of the metal ligand. We propose that our results represent a significant novel observation which may be useful in understanding mechanisms of immunoinhibitory effects of C. albicans mannan.
Fault Tree Analysis, Methods, and Applications ߝ A Review (1985)

This paper reviews and classifies fault-tree analysis methods developed since 1960 for system safety and reliability. Fault-tree analysis is a useful analytic tool for the reliability and safety of complex systems. The literature on fault-tree analysis is, for the most part, scattered through conference proceedings and company reports. We have classified the literature according to system definition, fault-tree construction, qualitative evaluation, quantitative evaluation, and available computer codes for fault-tree analysis.
Halogen Substitution Influences Ketamine Metabolism by Cytochrome P450 2B6: In Vitro and Computational Approaches (2018)

Ketamine is analgesic at anesthetic and subanesthetic doses, and it has been used recently to treat depression. Biotransformation mediates ketamine effects, influencing both systemic elimination and bioactivation. CYP2B6 is the major catalyst of hepatic ketamine N-demethylation and metabolism at clinically relevant concentrations. Numerous CYP2B6 substrates contain halogens. CYP2B6 readily forms halogen-protein (particularly Cl-π) bonds, which influence substrate selectivity and active site orientation. Ketamine is chlorinated, but little is known about the metabolism of halogenated analogs. This investigation evaluated halogen substitution effects on CYP2B6-catalyzed ketamine analogs N-demethylation in vitro and modeled interactions with CYP2B6 using various computational approaches. Ortho phenyl ring halogen substituent changes caused substantial (18-fold) differences in K<sub>m</sub>, on the order of Br (bromoketamine, 10 μM) < Cl < F < H (deschloroketamine, 184 μM). In contrast, V<sub>max</sub> varied minimally (83-103 pmol/min/pmol CYP). Thus, apparent substrate binding affinity was the major consequence of halogen substitution and the major determinant of N-demethylation. Docking poses of ketamine and analogs were similar, sharing a π-stack with F297. Libdock scores were deschloroketamine < bromoketamine < ketamine < fluoroketamine. A Bayesian log K<sub>m</sub> model generated with Assay Central had a ROC of 0.86. The probability of activity at 15 μM for ketamine and analogs was predicted with this model. Deschloroketamine scores corresponded to the experimental K<sub>m</sub>, but the model was unable to predict activity with fluoroketamine. The binding pocket of CYP2B6 also suggested a hydrophobic component to substrate docking, on the basis of a strong linear correlation ( R<sup>2</sup> = 0.92) between lipophilicity ( Alog P) and metabolism (log K<sub>m</sub>) of ketamine and analogs. This property may be the simplest design criteria to use when considering similar compounds and CYP2B6 affinity.
Overproduction and Secretion of a Novel Amino-Terminal Form of Parathyroid Hormone from a Severe Type of Parathyroid Hyperplasia in Uremia (2006)

Measurement of bioactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for optimal management of bone abnormalities in dialysis patients. This can be accomplished by PTH measurements using third-generation PTH assays, which detect more or less of the first six amino acids of the PTH structure. Such assays do not detect non-(1-84) PTH fragments, such as human PTH (7-84), which are recognized by the second-generation PTH assays that use a detection antibody that recognizes an epitope within the 13-34 region of the PTH structure. Therefore, third-generation PTH results are expected to be lower than those that are obtained with second-generation PTH assays. Rare exceptions to this rule have been reported for patients with severe primary hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid cancer. Sera and gland extracts were analyzed from a dialysis patient with high bone turnover disease and with surprising higher PTH levels by a third-generation assay than by a second-generation assay. This finding normalized after the surgical removal of an enlarged gland with a single nodule, an advanced type of nodular hyperplasia. HPLC fractionation of sera and gland extracts revealed the overproduction and secretion of a PTH molecule with an intact amino-terminus structure distinct from (1-84) PTH. This form of PTH was readily detectable by third-generation PTH assays but was poorly reactive in second-generation PTH assays. Therefore, parathyroid glands with advanced uremic nodular hyperplasia may overproduce and secrete a novel, biologically active form of PTH with an intact 1-6 region but a presumably modified 12-18 region required for the detection in second-generation PTH assays.
Purification of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> Type F Progenitor Toxin (1974)

Clostridium botulinum type F progenitor toxin was purified to a homogeneous state as judged by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, ultracentrifugation, and disc electrophoresis. The sedimentation constant, corrected to water at 20 C, of type F progenitor toxin was determined to be 10.3 and the molecular weight to be 235,000 by ultracentrifugation at pH 6.0. The purified toxin contained a toxicity of 1.2 x 10(8) 50% lethal doses/mg of N. In agar gel double diffusion, it formed two precipitin lines at pH 6.0. The progenitor toxin of type F differs from that of type A in that it contains no hemagglutinin and from that of type E in that it is not activable.
System Architecture for a Cellular Network with Cooperative Mobile Relay (2011)

This paper describes a comprehensive system architecture that enables mobile-to-mobile communications for the purpose of enhancing the capacity of the cellular network. The architecture is developed using LTE Release-10 as the baseline. The impact on the protocol stack is discussed in detail. Neighbor discovery mechanisms are described to enable users to identify potential helper mobiles to enable a cooperative mobile relay. Resource partitioning for the mobile-to-mobile link is detailed and changes to the design of the HARQ entity structure and timing are discussed.
Identification of 14 novelCTNS mutations and characterization of seven splice site mutations associated with cystinosis (2002)

Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by intra-lysosomal accumulation of cystine. Three disease forms exist, infantile, juvenile, and ocular nonnephropathic cystinosis, delineated on the basis of severity of symptoms and age of onset. Mutations in the causative gene, CTNS, which encodes cystinosin, the seven transmembrane domain lysosomal cystine transporter, have been identified in all forms confirming their allelic status. By screening for mutations in the CTNS exons and promotor region, we report 14 novel mutations associated with cystinosis: 11 underlying infantile cystinosis, two juvenile cystinosis, and one associated with an atypical form of the disease. These mutations, all situated in the exons or immediately flanking intronic sequences, comprise in-frame insertions and deletions, as well as missense, nonsense, and putative splice-site mutations. Furthermore, we confirmed the putative splice-site mutations we have reported to date (five novel and two previously reported) by isolation of RNA from the affected carriers and characterization of the resultant transcripts using RT-PCR. Since the cloning of CTNS, we have screened for mutations in 108 affected individuals, which has resulted in a high mutation detection rate of 95.8%. Interestingly, the few undetectable mono- or bi-allelic mutations segregated mostly in the noninfantile forms, suggesting that these individuals carry mutations either in the introns or in unidentified regulatory sequences. Hum Mutat 20:439–446, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Metastatic conversion of cells by expression of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 genes. (1993)

The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is a DNA tumor virus highly associated with cervical carcinoma. Viral DNA from HPV-16 is found in primary tumors and their metastatic lesions. To investigate the role of HPV-16 oncoproteins in the development of cancer metastasis, the E6 and E7 genes from HPV-16 were inserted into retrovirus and introduced into nonmetastatic mouse cell lines. Expression of either of the viral genes from HPV-16 made the cells metastatic in nude mice. In contrast, expression of the E6 and E7 genes of HPV type 6 (HPV-6b), which is frequently found in nonmalignant HPV-associated diseases, did not. The metastatic ability of cells transduced with viral genes of HPV-16 did not correlate with their growth rate or sensitivity to destruction by natural killer cells. Our results demonstrate that expression of oncogenic proteins of HPV-16 can cause tumor metastasis and implicate HPV-16 in an important role regarding the progression of HPV-associated human cancers.
The Development of Biomimetic Aligned Skeletal Muscles in a Fully 3D Printed Microfluidic Device (2021)

Human skeletal muscles are characterized by a unique aligned microstructure of myotubes which is important for their function as well as for their homeostasis. Thus, the recapitulation of the aligned microstructure of skeletal muscles is crucial for the construction of an advanced biomimetic model aimed at drug development applications. Here, we have developed a 3D printed micropatterned microfluid device (3D-PMMD) through the employment of a fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printer and clear filaments made of biocompatible polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). We could fabricate micropatterns through the adjustment of the printing deposition heights of PETG filaments, leading to the generation of aligned half-cylinder-shaped micropatterns in a dimension range from 100 µm to 400 µm in width and from 60 µm to 150 µm in height, respectively. Moreover, we could grow and expand C2C12 mouse myoblast cells on 3D-PMMD where cells could differentiate into aligned bundles of myotubes with respect to the dimension of each micropattern. Furthermore, our platform was applicable with the electrical pulses stimulus (EPS) modality where we noticed an improvement in myotubes maturation under the EPS conditions, indicating the potential use of the 3D-PMMD for biological experiments as well as for myogenic drug development applications in the future.
Beginning Android (2009)

Learn how to develop applications for Android mobile devices using simple examples, ready to run with your copy of the SDK. Author and Android columnist, writer, developer, and community advocate Mark L Murphy shows you what you need to know to get started on programming Android applicationseverything from crafting GUIs to using GPS, accessing web services, and more! The Android development platform, created by Google and the Open Handset Alliance, is a platform in its truest sense, encompassing hundreds of classes beyond the traditional Java classes and open source components that ship with the SDK. Some Android books race through the material, trying to cover as much ground as possible in as few pages as possible. Experienced writer and community advocate Mark Murphy shows you how to develop Android applications simply and with care. The book includes dozens of sample projects, ready to run with your copy of the SDKnot just one huge project where you have difficulty finding the specific examples of the technique you are looking for. You can even get these sample programs online at Apress.com. What you'll learn Discover what Android is and how to use Android to build Java-based mobile applications for Google Phones G1 and more phones as they hit the market Work with the new Android 1.x SDK Create user interfaces using both the Android Widget framework and the built-in WebKit-powered web browser components Use scripting with BeanShell Work with menu inflation, fonts, SDK tools, rotation events, and more Work with TabActivity, MyLocationOverlay, DDMS, and more Utilize the distinctive capabilities of the Android engine including maps, Internet access, integrated search, media playback, and more Use and create similar sample Android applications for services, content providers, mapping, and location-based services/events Who is this book for? This book is aimed at people new to mobile development, perhaps even to Java itself. About the Apress Beginning Series The Beginning series from Apress is the right choice to get the information you need to land that crucial entrylevel job. These books will teach you a standard and important technology from the ground up because they are explicitly designed to take you from novice to professional. Youll start your journey by seeing what you need to knowbut without needless theory and filler. Youll build your skill set by learning how to put together realworld projects step by step. So whether your goal is your next career challenge or a new learning opportunity, the Beginning series from Apress will take you thereit is your trusted guide through unfamiliar territory!
Determinations of Carbon Dioxide and Methane by Dual Catalyst Flame Ionization Chromatography and Nitrous Oxide by Electron Capture Chromatography (1981)

An automated gas chromatographic (GC) system has been developed for the measurement of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in air and other gases. Carbon dioxide is measured by a flame ionization detector (FID) after conversion to methane in pure hydrogen carrier gas, using palladium and nickel dual catalysts which permit direct on-line injection of oxygen-containing samples. The detector measures methane in the same sample, although the system has not been optimized for this gas. Nitrous oxide is measured in a separate aliquot of the sample using a hot electron capture datector (ECD) and argon-methane carrier gas. Typical relative standard deviations of the calculated results are 0.04% for carbon dioxide, 0.4% for methane, and 0.3% for nitrous oxide.
Single-scan current-modulated tunable diode laser spectrometer of improved calibration and throughput performance (1982)

A novel version of a double-beam diode laser spectrometer has been built. Etalon decalibration is avoided, and the advantage of current modulation can also be utilized; both at the same time have not been possible hitherto. The monochromator optics were changed to enhance throughput energy. Signal processing is comparably simple and inexpensive.
Design and simulation of an electrostatic micropump for drug-delivery applications (1997)

The design of a micropump employing only one valve is presented. This device was simulated by means of a model based on electrical analogies and equivalent networks. With a total size of , and a working voltage of 10 V, the device sizing gives flow rates in the 10 - 100 range, which are very suitable for drug-delivery applications.
Control of Tip Leakage Vortex Breakdown by Tip Injection in Unshrouded Turbines (2014)

Tip leakage flow is responsible for a number of aerodynamic losses in turbines, but the leakage loss mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet. This paper computationally investigates the effects of tip injection on tip leakage vortex dynamics in an unshrouded turbine, in an attempt to seek new loss generation mechanisms in turbine tip clearance flows and to influence them by the injection. First, a linear cascade validation is introduced, and the computations are compared with the experimental data to identify the ability of computational fluid dynamics code to predict the tip leakage flow. The tip leakage vortex breakdown phenomenon and dynamics analysis are shown, and then the effects of tip injection on leakage vortex structure and vortex breakdown characteristics are investigated. Also, the effect of leakage vortex breakdown on aerodynamic performance of the turbine with injection is examined. Results indicate that the leakage vortex breakdown occurs when the pressure rise is large enough in the rear part of the blade suction side near the tip, and it is an important loss mechanism associated with tip leakage. Injection location has a different impact on the leakage vortex dynamics, dependent on the tip pressure field characteristics. With injection in the front part, the leakage vortex breakdown is delayed, where the turbine achieves the best performance improvement, and the vortex breakdown location moves downstream as the injection mass flow rate increases.
Multiple Sampling in Single-Cell Enzyme Assays Using CE-Laser-Induced Fluorescence to Monitor Reaction Progress (2005)

A novel method for assaying enzymes from a single cell or small cell populations is described. The key advantage of this method is the ability to repeatedly sample a single cell enzyme reaction. Whereas multiple sampling has been achieved for larger cell types with a diameter of 1 mm, we report a technique by which single cell enzyme assays of small cells (15 microm in diameter) can be repeatedly carried out. Individual cells were isolated using an in-house-built micromanipulator and placed in nanoliter-scale reaction vessels. The cells were lysed with solution containing substrate, and enzyme activity was assayed by removing 5-nL aliquots with a recently developed nanopipettor. The reaction aliquot was then analyzed using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection to quantitate enzyme activity. Sf9 cells were assayed at the single cell level and found to be highly heterogeneous with respect to alpha-glucosidase II activity. Since only 5 nL of the single cell reaction was removed, multiple sampling was possible, allowing triplicate analysis of enzyme activity for each individual cell. Multiple sampling also permitted a single cell reaction to be monitored over time. The sensitivity of this method was demonstrated in the analysis of a low-abundance enzyme, alpha1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, from single HT29 cells. Detecting the product of this enzyme reaction required minimizing the dilution of cellular contents. To demonstrate the potential applications of this methodology in small scale biochemical analyses, single Arabidopsis knf embryos lacking the alpha-glucosidase I encoding KNOPF gene were assayed. Mutant embryos demonstrated insignificant conversion of a triglucose substrate, as compared to wild type, confirming the deletion of alpha-glucosidase I. Embryos were simultaneously assayed for a second enzyme, beta-galactosidase, illustrating that the mutants were viable except for their lack of alpha-glucosidase I activity.
Switching-on Superparamagnetism in Mn/CdSe Quantum Dots (2006)

Mn ion doping of CdSe and other semimagnetic quantum dot (QDs) alloys has been an area of active speculation for over a decade. We report evidence of Mn(II) doping of CdSe grown from a cubic single source precursor that is superparamagnetic (SPM) with a blocking temperature of 40 K following thermal annealing. Prior to thermal annealing the 4 nm Mn/CdSe (1% Mn) QDs exhibit mainly paramagnetic behavior between 300 and 2 K, with a weak antiferromagnetic exchange. Following thermal annealing of the sample, high-temperature ferromagnetic exchange is observed in the magnetization data with the onset of an SPM phase at 40 K that exhibits a coercivity of 0.1 T at 2 K. The switching-on of SPM behavior is believed to be linked to ion migration with formation of (Se-Mn-Se-Mn-Se-Mn)n centers within the nanocrystal that exhibit coupled magnetic moments. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) provides evidence of two distorted T(d) Mn core sites, a clustered site (dipolar broadened), and a localized Mn site (hyperfine-split). The ratio of the EPR signature for the dipolar broadened site increases following annealing and shows a hysteretic response around the blocking temperature. These observations suggest that thermal annealing results in enhanced cluster formation explaining the onset of the SPM phase in these nanoscale materials. Evidence of SPM behavior is evident in the field-dependent non-Langevin magnetization with a tangential loss in the ac-magnetic susceptibility and the Mydosh parameter (phi = 0.16).