gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-term distribution system state forecast based on optimal synchrophasor sensor placement and extreme learning machine (2016)

This paper proposes an approach for distribution system state forecasting, which aims to provide an accurate and high speed state forecasting with an optimal synchrophasor sensor placement (OSSP) based state estimator and an extreme learning machine (ELM) based forecaster. Specifically, considering the sensor installation cost and measurement error, an OSSP algorithm is proposed to reduce the number of synchrophasor sensor and keep the whole distribution system numerically and topologically observable. Then, the weighted least square (WLS) based system state estimator is used to produce the training data for the proposed forecaster. Traditionally, the artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) are widely used in forecasting due to their nonlinear modeling capabilities. However, the ANN contains heavy computation load and the best parameters for SVR are difficult to obtain. In this paper, the ELM, which overcomes these drawbacks, is used to forecast the future system states with the historical system states. The proposed approach is effective and accurate based on the testing results.
Two-minute miniprep method for plasmid DNA isolation. (1994)

An extremely rapid method, INSTA-PREP, has been developed to prepare plasmid DNA from 1 to 3 mL miniprep Escherichia coli bacterial cultures. Direct extraction of plasmid DNA from E. coli bacterial cells is achieved by a two-phase solution consisting of phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol and water or buffer with efficient separation of the phases by centrifugation in the presence of the INSTA-PREP gel barrier material. Processing time, from E. coli culture to usable plasmid DNA, is two minutes or less per sample. Supercoiled plasmid DNA yields ranged from 3 to 10 micrograms per mL of culture depending on plasmid copy number. Plasmid DNAs prepared by INSTA-PREP were analyzed and are suitable for use in molecular biology procedures including restriction digestion, ligation with T4 DNA ligase, bacterial transformation, PCR, cultured cell transfection and T7 DNA polymerase or thermostable DNA polymerase-mediated dideoxynucleotide sequencing.
The Influence of Crystalline Orientation on the Photoelastic Property of {100} Gallium Arsenide Wafer. (1998)

We developed an optical birefringence measurement method that uses a photoelastic modulator and a polarized laser. A He-Ne infrared laser was utilized as the light source for measuring the birefringence in gallium arsenide wafers. In this paper we will explain the theory behind this method and the process of measuring the stress in GaAs wafers. The magnitude of the principal stress difference as well as the directions of the principal stresses were obtained simultaneously and quantitatively by using equipment developed for this study. The optical birefringences of stressed GaAs specimens were measured. From the experimental results, it was found that the photoelastic constant depended upon the crystalline orientations. Furthermore, the birefringence direction did not always coincide with the principal stress direction. The relationship between the principal strain difference and the retardation was obtained by the stress-strain analysis of a single GaAs crystal. That relationship was almost independent of the crystalline orientations and the birefringence direction was almost equal to the principal strain direction.
Isomeric effect in the self-assembly of pyridine-containing L-glutamic lipid: substituent position controlled morphology and supramolecular chirality (2011)

Three isomeric pyridine-containing L-glutamic lipids formed organogels in DMSO and self-assembled into different nanostructures of nanofiber, nanotwist and nanotube depending on the substituent position in the pyridine ring.
Identification of novel heparin‐binding domains of vitronectin (1997)

Vitronectin is a multifunctional serum protein which provides a unique regulatory link between cell adhesion, humoral defense mechanism and the hemostatic system, and the heparin-binding properties of vitronectin are thought to have participated in various functional aspects. In addition to the carboxy-terminal glycosaminoglycan-binding motif, we report on two novel heparin-binding domains which were identified using phage display technique. One heparin-binding domain is located between amino acids Asp82 and Cys137 at the end of the connector region, while the other is in the second hemopexin-type repeat, between amino acids Lys175 and Asp219 of the vitronectin molecule. Our findings may shed new light to the activities of vitronectin and its binding to cells, which could not be explained solely on the basis of the known heparin-binding domain.
Ohmic contacts to <i>p</i>-type GaN mediated by polarization fields in thin InxGa1−xN capping layers (2002)

Low-resistance ohmic contacts are demonstrated using thin p-type InGaN layers on p-type GaN. It is shown that the tunneling barrier width is drastically reduced by polarization-induced electric fields in the strained InGaN capping layers resulting in an increase of the hole tunneling probability through the barrier and a significant decrease of the specific contact resistance. The specific contact resistance of Ni (10 nm)/Au (30 nm) contacts deposited on the InGaN capping layers was determined by the transmission line method. Specific contact resistances of 1.2×10−2 Ω cm2 and 6×10−3 Ω cm2 were obtained for capping layer thicknesses of 20 nm and 2 nm, respectively.
Nanolithography in the quasi-far field based on the destructive interference effect of surface plasmon polaritons (2010)

On the principle of phase-shift mask, the metal segment of a sub-wavelength Ag grating on a quartz substrate is used as a phase-shifting layer in this photolithography method. When the radiation modes of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excited on the Ag surface have optical phase opposite to that of the waves emitting from the slits, destructive interference occurs and the diffraction limit can be broken through. The SPPs excited on the surface between Ag and water can be transformed into propagation modes in the photoresist. Therefore, nanolithography can be achieved in the quasi-far field with this method.
Cross-Link Formation of the Cysteine 228−Tyrosine 272 Catalytic Cofactor of Galactose Oxidase Does Not Require Dioxygen (2008)

Galactose oxidase (GO) belongs to a class of proteins that self-catalyze assembly of their redox-active cofactors from active site amino acids. Generation of enzymatically active GO appears to require at least four sequential post-translational modifications: cleavage of a secretion signal sequence, copper-dependent cleavage of an N-terminal pro sequence, copper-dependent formation of a C228-Y272 thioether bond, and generation of the Y272 radical. The last two processes were investigated using a truncated protein (termed premat-GO) lacking the pro sequence and purified under copper-free conditions. Reactions of premat-GO with Cu(II) were investigated using optical, EPR, and resonance Raman spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE, and X-ray crystallography. Premat-GO reacted anaerobically with excess Cu(II) to efficiently form the thioether bond but not the Y272 radical. A potential C228-copper coordinated intermediate (lambda max = 406 nm) in the processing reaction, which had not yet formed the C228-Y272 cross-link, was identified from the absorption spectrum. A copper-thiolate protein complex, with copper coordinated to C228, H496, and H581, was also observed in a 3 min anaerobic soak by X-ray crystallography, whereas a 24 h soak revealed the C228-Y272 thioether bond. In solution, addition of oxygenated buffer to premat-GO preincubated with excess Cu(II) generated the Y272 radical state. On the basis of these data, a mechanism for the formation of the C228-Y272 bond and tyrosyl radical generation is proposed. The 406 nm complex is demonstrated to be a catalytically competent processing intermediate under anaerobic conditions. We propose a potential mechanism which is in common with aerobic processing by Cu(II) until the step at which the second electron acceptor is required.
Privacy-Preserving IR 2016 (2016)

Due to lack of mature techniques in privacy-preserving information retrieval (IR), concerns about information privacy and security have become serious obstacles that prevent valuable user data to be used in IR research such as studies on query logs, social media, and medical record retrieval. In SIGIR 2014 and SIGIR 2015, we have run the privacy-preserving IR workshops exploring and understanding the privacy and security risks in information retrieval. This year, we continue the efforts of connecting the two disciplines of IR and privacy/security by organizing this workshop. We target on three themes, differential privacy and IR dataset release, privacy in search and browsing, and privacy in social media. The workshop includes panels with researchers from both fields on these three themes, as well as invite industry speakers for real-world challenges. The goals of this workshop include (1) bringing together the two research fields, and (2) yielding fruitful collaborations.
Channel Estimation and Signal Detection for Space Division Multiplexing in a MIMO-OFDM System (2005)

We consider space division multiplexing in a MIMO-OFDM system for high data rate transmission. Channel estimation is very important for suppressing interference and demultiplexing signals. In a wireless LAN system such as IEEE 802.11a, only a few training symbols are inserted in each subcarrier. First, we propose a channel estimation method for a MIMO-OFDM system with two training symbols per subcarrier. The basic idea is to estimate the time-domain channel responses between the transmit and receive antennas. The array response vectors for each subcarrier are calculated by applying a fast Fourier transform to them. We then can obtain the adaptive weights to cancel the interference. We show that employing training symbols having a lower condition number of the matrix used for the channel estimation improves the estimation accuracy. Furthermore, we show the bit error rate for several signal detection schemes using the above estimated channel. It is shown that an ordered successive detection based on an MMSE criterion has excellent performance, that is, it can achieve higher-speed transmissions with a lower transmit power.
Cloning, sequencing, and genetic characterization of regulatory genes, rinA and rinB, required for the activation of staphylococcal phage phi 11 int expression (1993)

The int gene of staphylococcal bacteriophage phi 11 is the only viral gene responsible for the integrative recombination of phi 11. To study the regulation of int gene expression, we determined the 5' end of the transcript by S1 mapping. The presumed promoter is located just 22 nucleotides upstream of the int open reading frame in a region which is conserved between phi 11 and a closely related staphylococcal phage, L54a. To clone the possible regulatory gene, a vector which contained the reporter gene, xylE, of Pseudomonas putida under the control of the phi 11 int promoter was constructed. Subsequently, a 2-kb DNA fragment from the phi 11 genome, which mapped distal to the int gene, was shown to increase the XylE activity from the int promoter. Sequencing and subsequent deletion analysis of the 2-kb fragment revealed that two phi 11 regulatory genes, rinA and rinB, were both required to activate expression of the int gene. Northern (RNA) analysis suggested that the activation was, at least partly, at the transcriptional level. In addition, one of these regulatory genes, rinA, was capable of activating L54a int gene transcription.
Carbonyl complexes of copper(<scp>i</scp>) stabilized by bridging fluorinated pyrazolates and halide ions (2019)

Syntheses of neutral and anionic, di- and tetra-nuclear copper carbon monoxide complexes using binary copper(i) pyrazolate precursors are reported. The reaction of {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 (2), {[4-Cl-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 (3) or {[3,4,5-(CF3)3Pz]Cu}3 (4) with CO in CH2Cl2 led to copper carbonyl complexes. They however, lose CO quite easily if not kept under a CO atmosphere. Compounds {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu(CO)}2 (5) and {[3,4,5-(CF3)3Pz]Cu(CO)}2 (7) were characterized by X-ray crystallography. They are dinuclear species with a Cu2N4 core. The reaction of {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 with CO in the presence of [NEt4]Br or [NEt4][3,5-(CF3)2Pz] affords relatively more stable [NEt4][{[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu(CO)}4(μ4-Br)] (8) and [NEt4]{[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]3Cu2(CO)2} (9). The related [NEt4][{[4-Cl-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu(CO)}4(μ4-Br)] (10) and [NEt4][{[4-Cl-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu(CO)}4(μ4-Cl)] (11) can be synthesized using {[4-Cl-3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3, CO and [NEt4]Br or [NEt4]Cl. The X-ray structures show that 8, 10 and 11 are tetranuclear species with terminal Cu-CO groups and quadruply bridging Cl- and Br- ions. Compound 9 features an anionic cage of nearly D3h symmetry formed by three bridging [3,5-(CF3)2Pz]- ions and two terminal Cu-CO moieties. Theoretical calculations show that bonding in these 16- and 18-electron copper complexes follows Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson (DCD) model, where the CO stretching frequencies correlate well to the orbital interaction energy ΔEorb. The major Cu-CO interaction however is electrostatic in nature. Further theoretical exploration of the role of the substituent at pyrazolyl ring 4-position between -H, -Cl, and -CF3, shows a slight decrease in covalent character of the Cu-CO interaction and diminished π-back bonding as pyrazolate groups become more weakly donating with added electron withdrawing substituents.
Attenuation of <i>I</i><sub>K,slow1</sub> and <i>I</i><sub>K,slow2</sub> in Kv1/Kv2DN mice prolongs APD and QT intervals but does not suppress spontaneous or inducible arrhythmias (2004)

Overexpression of a truncated Kv1.1 or Kv2.1 channel polypeptide in the heart (Kv1DN or Kv2DN) resulted in mice with a prolonged action potential duration (APD) due to marked attenuation of rapidly activating, slowly inactivating K+ current (I(K,slow1)) or slowly inactivating outward K(+) current (I(K,slow2)) in ventricular myocytes. ECG monitoring, optical mapping, and programmed electrical stimulation of Kv1DN mice revealed spontaneous and inducible reentrant ventricular tachycardia due to spatial dispersion of repolarization and refractoriness. Recently, we demonstrated upregulation of I(K,slow2) in apical cardiomyocytes derived from Kv1DN mice. We therefore hypothesized that the selective upregulation of Kv2.1-encoded currents underlies the apex-to-base dispersion of repolarization and the reentrant arrhythmias. To test this hypothesis, the Kv1DN line was crossbred with the Kv2DN line to produce Kv1/Kv2DN lines. Whole cell voltage-clamp recordings from left ventricular cells of Kv1/Kv2DN confirmed that the 4-aminopyridine- and tetraethylammonium-sensitive components of IK,slow were eliminated, resulting in marked APD prolongation compared with wild-type, Kv1DN, and Kv2DN cells. Telemetric ECG recordings revealed prolongation of the corrected QT in Kv1/Kv2DN compared with Kv1DN and Kv2DN mice. However, attenuation of Kv2.1-encoded currents in Kv1DN mice did not suppress the arrhythmias. Thus, the elimination of I(K,slow2) prolongs APD and the QT intervals, but does not have an antiarrhythmic effect.
Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SERPINA3K on Corneal Injury (2011)

SERPINA3K is a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) family. Here we evaluated the therapeutic effects of SERPINA3K on neovascularization and inflammation in a rat cornea alkali burn model that is commonly employed to study corneal wounding. Topical treatment of the injured rat cornea with SERPINA3K (20 µg/eye/day) for 7 days significantly decreased the neovascular area, compared with the groups treated with BSA or PBS. The SERPINA3K treatment also ameliorated the corneal inflammation as evaluated by the inflammatory index. Furthermore, SERPINA3K enhanced the recovery of corneal epithelium after the alkali injury. Toward the mechanism of action, SERPINA3K down-regulated the expression of the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-α and up-regulated the expression of the anti-angiogenic factor, pigment epithelium-derived factor. SERPINA3K specifically inhibited growth of vascular endothelial cells. Meanwhile, SERPINA3K significantly up-regulated the expression of EGFR in the corneal epithelium. These findings suggest that SERPINA3K has therapeutic potential for corneal inflammation and NV.
Vitrification of Plant Cell Suspensions (2003)

Deposition at cryogenic temperatures is generally considered to be the safest method for long-term storage of living materials. (For a general introduction into the storage of plant cell cultures, refer to Chapter 11.
Radon Transients in Vapor-Dominated Geothermal Reservoirs (1979)

Abstract Measurements of radon concentration in geothermal fluids sampled under transient flow conditions can be used to infer reservoir characteristics. Under steady flow conditions, changes in radon concentration indicate changes in radon emanation, while changes during rapid flowrate transients indicate changes in emanation and/or transit time from emanation site to the wellhead. This paper reviews the results of several radon transient experiments conducted in the vapor-dominated geothermal steam fields at The Geysers in California and at Larderello in Italy. In these transient experiments, samples of wellhead steam were collected over periods following rapid changes in flowrate. The data are evaluated with current models of vapor-dominated reservoirs to relate the measured wellhead radon concentrations to the flowrate conditions during the transient tests. Results of four such transient experiments are reported. Introduction The isotope 3.83-day 222Rn, a naturally occurring radioactive gas formed from decay of radium in the lithosphere, serves as an internal tracer of geothermal fluids in producing geothermal reservoirs (Stoker and Kruger, 1975). In a closed geothermal reservoir, the 222Rn concentration will be in radioactive equilibrium with its parent radionuclide, 1600-yr 226Ra, distributed throughout the reservoir. Some of the radon enters the pore fluids of the host rock by recoil energy and diffusion (Andrews and Wood (1972). The equilibrium concentration of radon in pore fluid is determined by the 'emanating power', the ratio of radon escaping from the rock to the total radon produced by radium decay. The steady-state radon concentration in pore fluid thus depends on the radium concentration in the reservoir rock, the factors controlling the release of radon from the rock, and the properties of the fluids filling the pores. The more important reservoir properties are: porosity, pore size, type of cementing materials, rock density and pore fluid density. The radon concentration in pore fluid can be estimated from the relationships given by d'Amore, et al., (1978) in which the concentration is inversely proportional to the fluid density, (Equation 1) where Cs is expressed in units of radioactivity per unit mass of fluid (e.g., nCi/kg). Because of the large difference in density between pressurized steam and water, equation (1) indicates that the radon concentration in steam filled reservoirs could be 50 times higher than liquid filled reservoirs at a reservoir pressure of 460 psia (Warren and Kruger, 1979). The range of expected concentrations, based on an observed mean radium concentration of about 1 nCi/kg, and an estimated mean emanating power of 10%, might vary from tens to hundreds of nanocuries 222 Rn per kilogram of pore fluid.
[Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of coxsackievirus B3 gene expression in HeLa cells and dose-response experiments]. (2004)

At a screening concentration of 5 micromole, 6 of the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide demonstrated some reduction of virus replication relative to untreated cells. 70%-90% inhibition of virus at 0.1 MOI (multiplicity of infection), 50% inhibition of virus infection at 10 MOI. The levels of the VP1 were reduced in CVB-infected cells treated with Scb561 and Scb733. VP1 was significantly reduced after treatment with 0.625 micromole Scb561 and almost undetectable in cells treated with 2.5 micromole Scb561. Dose response experiments implied that sequence specific oligonucleotide doses were related to effect on inhibition of CVB3 infection. When oligonucleotide doses were increased from 1.25 to 5 micromole, 75% to 90% inhibition were observed with Scb561 and 65% to 80% inhibition with Scb733, whereas random control failed to inhibit CVB replication (8% inhibition for each). CONCLUSION The present studies showed that antisense oligonucleotides against internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and translation initiation codon were capable of specifically inhibiting the synthesis of viral protein and subsequent productive CVB replication.The selective inhibition using antisense oligonucleotide might lead to development of an effective antiviral agent for future clinical evaluation.
Optimization of carotenoid extraction in peel and flesh of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) with ethanol solvent (2012)

Les carotenoides et polyphenols de la peau et la chair du cantaloupe ont été identifiés par CLHP et CLUP, respectivement. Des conditions optimales d'extraction éthanolique ont été déterminées pour maximiser d'extraction des caroténoïdes totaux (TC). Une durée d'extraction de 2 heures à une température de 50 °C s'est avérée optimale pour la chair alors celle pour la peau était 2 heures à 30 °C. Les valeurs de TC de la peau et de la chair, mesurées par CLHP, ont été 0,33 mg/g et 0,22 mg/g de poudre sèche, respectivement. Le caroténoïde prédominant dans la chair était le p-carotène, tandis que le caroténoïde majeur de la peau était la lutéine. Différents types de flavonoïdes, acides hydroxybenzoïque et hydroxylcinnamic ont été identifiés. La valeur de polyphenols totaux de la peau a été plus élevée que dans la chair. Les paramètres optimaux de laboratoire pour l'extraction éthanolique de caroténoïdes ont été utilisés dans l'échelle pilote pour valider les résultats de laboratoire et produire un produit riche en caroténoïdes.