gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Evaluation of Elemental Mercury Concentration Increase in Flue Gas Across a Wet Scrubber (2003)

Experimental data from a laboratory-scale wet scrubber simulator confirmed that oxidized mercury, Hg2+, can be reduced by aqueous S(IV) (sulfite and/or bisulfite) species and results in elemental mercury (HgO) emissions under typical wet FGD scrubber conditions. The S(IV)-induced Hg2+ reduction and Hg0 emission mechanism can be described by a model which assumes that only a fraction of the Hg2+ can be reduced, and the rate-controlling step of the overall process is a first-order reaction involving the Hg-S(IV) complexes. Experimental data and model simulations predict that the Hg2+ in the flue gas can cause rapid increase of Hg0 concentration in the flue gas across a FGD scrubber. Forced oxidation can enhance Hg2+ reduction and Hg0 emission by decreasing the S(IV) concentration in the scrubbing liquor. The model predictions also indicate that flue gas Hg0 increase across a wet FGD scrubber can be reduced by decreasing the pH, increasing S(IV) concentration, and lowering the temperature.
Role of Serology and Routine Laboratory Tests in Childhood Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2002)

Serology tests have a high degree of specificity for IBD while routine laboratory test have a higher sensitivity. When serology is combined with rectal bleeding, Hgb, and ESR, the sensitivity of screening children for IBD is significantly improved. However the large majority of children with IBD can be identified with a clinical history and routine laboratory tests as needing an endoscopic procedure with little benefit of adding serology.
Hands up: Attentional prioritization of space near the hand. (2006)

This study explored whether hand location affected spatial attention. The authors used a visual covert-orienting paradigm to examine whether spatial attention mechanisms--location prioritization and shifting attention--were supported by bimodal, hand-centered representations of space. Placing 1 hand next to a target location, participants detected visual targets following highly predictive visual cues. There was no a priori reason for the hand to influence task performance unless hand presence influenced attention. Results showed that target detection near the hand was facilitated relative to detection away from the hand, regardless of cue validity. Similar facilitation was found with only proprioceptive or visual hand location information but not with arbitrary visual anchors or distant targets. Hand presence affected attentional prioritization of space, not the shifting of attention.
Zopiclone as Night Medication in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1998)

Sleep disturbances and related daytime complaints are frequent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate the effect of a newer hypnotic on sleep structure and clinical parameters in RA. Forty outpatients were randomized to a two week treatment regimen with either 7.5 mg zopiclone or placebo at bedtime. Clinical examinations were performed before and after treatment and the degree of pain, fatigue, sleepiness, morning stiffness, and activities of daily living were assessed. Two sleep questionnaires were also completed weekly. Polysomnography was performed before the study and after 14 days of treatment. Recordings were evaluated using conventional sleep scoring as well as frequency analysis of the electroencephalography (EEG). Patients in the zopiclone group had subjective improvement of sleep, but otherwise no differences in pain score or the other clinical parameters were found. Conventional sleep assessments showed only minor changes during treatment, but frequency analysis demonstrated a shift from the lower towards the higher EEG frequencies in the active treatment group. Although the modulation of the EEG can represent a non-specific pharmacologic epiphenomenon, it might also reflect a disturbance of sleep microstructure. In conclusion, treatment with zopiclone may be of value for subjective sleep complaints in selected patients with RA, but it is doubtful whether hypnotics improve daytime symptoms in this patient group.
A statistical shape and motion model for the prediction of respiratory lung motion (2010)

We propose a method to compute a 4D statistical model of respiratory lung motion which consists of a 3D shape atlas, a 4D mean motion model and a 4D motion variability model. Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration is used to estimate subject-specific motion models, to generate an average shape and intensity atlas of the lung as anatomical reference frame and to establish inter-subject correspondence. The Log-Euclidean framework allows to perform statistics on diffeomorphic transformations via vectorial statistics on their logarithms. We apply this framework to compute the mean motion and motion variations by performing a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on diffeomorphisms. Furthermore, we present methods to adapt the generated statistical 4D motion model to a patient-specific lung geometry and the individual organ motion. The prediction performance is evaluated with respect to motion field differences and with respect to landmark- based target registration errors. The quantitative analysis results in a mean target registration error of 3,2 ± 1,8 mm. The results show that the new method is able to provide valuable knowledge in many fields of application.
Techniques for reducing interventional neuroradiologic skin dose: tube position rotation and supplemental beam filtration. (1996)

Greater than 50% skin dose reductions were documented during interventional neuroradiologic procedures by combining tube position rotation, supplemental primary beam filtration, and technical modifications.
Electroacupuncture at ST-36 accelerates colonic motility and transit in freely moving conscious rats (2005)

Acupuncture is useful for functional bowel diseases, such as constipation and diarrhea. However, the mechanisms of beneficial effects of acupuncture on colonic function have scarcely ever been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that electroacupuncture (EA) at ST-36 stimulates colonic motility and transit via a parasympathetic pathway in conscious rats. Hook-shaped needles were inserted at bilateral ST-36 (lower limb) or BL-21 (back) and electrically stimulated at 10 Hz for 20 min. We also studied c-Fos expression in response to EA at ST-36 in Barrington's nucleus of the pons. EA at ST-36, but not BL-21, significantly increased the amplitude of motility at the distal colon. The calculated motility index of the distal colon increased to132 ± 9.9% of basal levels ( n = 14, P < 0.05). In contrast, EA at ST-36 had no stimulatory effects in the proximal colon. EA at ST-36 significantly accelerated colonic transit [geometric center (GC) = 6.76 ± 0.42, n = 9, P < 0.001] compared with EA at BL-21 (GC = 5.23 ± 0.39, n = 7). The stimulatory effect of EA at ST-36 on colonic motility and transit was abolished by pretreatment with atropine. EA-induced acceleration of colonic transit was also abolished by extrinsic nerve denervation of the distal colon (GC = 4.69 ± 0.33, n = 6). The number of c-Fos-immunopositive cells at Barrington's nucleus significantly increased in response to EA at ST-36 to 8.1 ± 1.1 cells/section compared with that of controls (2.4 ± 0.5 cells/section, n = 3, P < 0.01). It is concluded that EA at ST-36 stimulates distal colonic motility and accelerates colonic transit via a sacral parasympathetic efferent pathway (pelvic nerve). Barrington's nucleus plays an important role in mediating EA-induced distal colonic motility in conscious rats.
<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> OspC Protein Required Exclusively in a Crucial Early Stage of Mammalian Infection (2006)

This study demonstrates a strict temporal requirement for a virulence determinant of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi during a unique point in its natural infection cycle, which alternates between ticks and small mammals. OspC is a major surface protein produced by B. burgdorferi when infected ticks feed but whose synthesis decreases after transmission to a mammalian host. We have previously shown that spirochetes lacking OspC are competent to replicate in and migrate to the salivary glands of the tick vector but do not infect mice. Here we assessed the timing of the requirement for OspC by using an ospC mutant complemented with an unstable copy of the ospC gene and show that B. burgdorferi's requirement for OspC is specific to the mammal and limited to a critical early stage of mammalian infection. By using this unique system, we found that most bacterial reisolates from mice persistently infected with the initially complemented ospC mutant strain no longer carried the wild-type copy of ospC. Such spirochetes were acquired by feeding ticks and migrated to the tick salivary glands during subsequent feeding. Despite normal behavior in ticks, these ospC mutant spirochetes did not infect naive mice. ospC mutant spirochetes from persistently infected mice also failed to infect naive mice by tissue transplantation. We conclude that OspC is indispensable for establishing infection by B. burgdorferi in mammals but is not required at any other point of the mouse-tick infection cycle.
Oncolytic H-1 parvovirus binds to sialic acid on laminins for cell attachment and entry (2021)

H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) is a promising anticancer therapy. However, in-depth understanding of its life cycle, including the host cell factors needed for infectivity and oncolysis, is lacking. This understanding may guide the rational design of combination strategies, aid development of more effective viruses, and help identify biomarkers of susceptibility to H-1PV treatment. To identify the host cell factors involved, we carry out siRNA library screening using a druggable genome library. We identify one crucial modulator of H-1PV infection: laminin γ1 (LAMC1). Using loss- and gain-of-function studies, competition experiments, and ELISA, we validate LAMC1 and laminin family members as being essential to H-1PV cell attachment and entry. H-1PV binding to laminins is dependent on their sialic acid moieties and is inhibited by heparin. We show that laminins are differentially expressed in various tumour entities, including glioblastoma. We confirm the expression pattern of laminin γ1 in glioblastoma biopsies by immunohistochemistry. We also provide evidence of a direct correlation between LAMC1 expression levels and H-1PV oncolytic activity in 59 cancer cell lines and in 3D organotypic spheroid cultures with different sensitivities to H-1PV infection. These results support the idea that tumours with elevated levels of γ1 containing laminins are more susceptible to H-1PV-based therapies.
Quantification of Proteolytically Active Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A with an Assay Based on Quenched Fluorescence (2007)

This method allows the measurement of PAPP-A enzymatic activity and because of its specificity it is relevant to the study of the biological function of PAPP-A. The method may also be useful in the diagnosis of pregnancy disorders.
Some aspects of plasma polymerization of fluorine‐containing organic compounds (1977)

Abstract The polymerization of perfluorocarbons and fluorohydrocarbons was investigated by using both continuous and pulsed rf discharge (100 μsec on and 900 μsec off). Plasma polymerization of perfluorocarbons is generally slower than that of hydrocarbons, which seems to be due to the absence of contribution of fluorine detachment to the plasma polymerization. Presence of multiple bond(s) or cyclic structure in a monomer is necessary to obtain high enough polymerization; however, the plasma polymerization mechanism postulated to plasma polymerization of hydrocarbons is still valid to these monomers. Cyclic structure is very effective to enhance the plasma polymerization capability of perfluorocarbons. Saturated straight‐chain perfluorocarbons do not polymerize well in plasma, but the grafting of fluorine‐containing functions on the surface of polymeric substrate can be achieved by the plasma of these compounds. The effect of pulse on the plasma polymerization was found to be similar to that found for hydrocarbons.
Potential environmental risks associated with biofouling management in salmon aquaculture (2016)

The accumulation of biofouling organisms on submerged marine farming infrastructure or culture stock is an on-going problem for the global aquaculture industry (Braithwaite & McEvoy 2005, Fitridge et al. 2012). In finfish farms, diverse biofouling assemblages comprising most marine phyla develop on net pens and the submerged parts of associated structures such as floating collars, mooring systems and feed barges (Greene &
Los retos del Ministerio del Ambiente frente a un orden ambiental: algunas conclusiones luego de un corto periodo (2009)

No presenta resumen
Synthesis of Monocyclic Analogues of a Potent Thromboxane Receptor Antagonist, (±)-(5Z)-7-[3-endo-[(Phenylsulfonyl)amino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-exo-yl]heptenoic Acid (S-145) (1989)

Synthese d'analogues dans lesquels le bicyclo[2.2.1] heptyl-2 est remplace par cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, bicyclo[2.2.2] octyl-2, pyrrolidinyl-3 ou perhydrofuryl-3
Cytoplasmic Delivery of Liposomal Contents Mediated by an Acid-Labile Cholesterol-Vinyl Ether-PEG Conjugate (2008)

An acid-cleavable PEG lipid, 1'-(4'-cholesteryloxy-3'-butenyl)-omega-methoxy-polyethylene[112] glycolate (CVEP), has been developed that produces stable liposomes when dispersed as a minor component (0.5-5 mol %) in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE). Cleavage of CVEP at mildly acidic pHs results in dePEGylation of the latently fusogenic DOPE liposomes, thereby triggering the onset of content release. This paper describes the synthesis of CVEP via a six-step sequence starting from the readily available precursors 1,4-butanediol, cholesterol, and mPEG acid. The hydrolysis rates and release kinetics from CVEP/DOPE liposome dispersions as a function of CVEP loading, as well as the cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and pH-dependent monolayer properties of 9:91 CVEP/DOPE mixtures, also are reported. When folate receptor-positive KB cells were exposed to calcein-loaded 5:95 CVEP/DOPE liposomes containing 0.1 mol % folate-modified 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-polyethylene[76] glycolamide (folate-PEG-DSPE), delivery of the calcein cargo to the cytoplasm of the cells was observed as determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis of lipid mixing in these cells was consistent with membrane-membrane fusion between the liposome and endosomal membranes.
Viral respiratory tract infection and exacerbations of asthma in adult patients. (1988)

The role of viral respiratory tract infections in acute exacerbations of asthma was studied prospectively in 31 patients with atopic asthma aged 15-56 years. Patients recorded symptom scores for asthma and peak expiratory flow rate daily for 11 months. In addition, they reported for detailed clinical, functional, and virological study every four weeks and as soon as possible after the onset of worsening asthma or symptoms suggesting a respiratory tract infection. Thirty viral identifications were made, of which 18 (60%) were associated with an exacerbation of asthma. Viral respiratory tract infection was identified in 18 (10%) of the 178 exacerbations of asthma, and in 10 (36%) of the 28 severe exacerbations. The frequency of viral identifications in 16 non-asthmatic, control subjects during the same period was similar. It is concluded that viral respiratory tract infections may cause or be associated with exacerbations of asthma in adults, and that they are an important factor in severe exacerbations.
An inhibitor of glycosphingolipid metabolism blocks HIV-1 infection of primary T-cells (2004)

Manipulation of glycosphingolipid metabolic pathways may alter susceptibility of CD4 lymphocytes to HIV-1 entry.
PKA inhibits RhoA activation: a protection mechanism against endothelial barrier dysfunction (2003)

Much evidence indicates that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) prevents increased endothelial permeability induced by inflammatory mediators. We investigated the hypothesis that PKA inhibits Rho GTPases, which are regulator proteins believed to mediate endothelial barrier dysfunction. Stimulation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) with thrombin (10 nM) increased activated RhoA (RhoA-GTP) within 1 min, which remained elevated approximately fourfold over control for 15 min. The activation was accompanied by RhoA translocation to the cell membrane. However, thrombin did not activate Cdc42 or Rac1 within similar time points, indicating selectivity of activation responses by Rho GTPases. Pretreatment of HMEC with 10 micro M forskolin plus 1 micro M IBMX (FI) to elevate intracellular cAMP levels inhibited both thrombin-induced RhoA activation and translocation responses. FI additionally inhibited thrombin-mediated dissociation of RhoA from guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) and enhanced in vivo incorporation of (32)P by GDI. HMEC pretreated in parallel with FI showed >50% reduction in time for the thrombin-mediated resistance drop to return to near baseline and inhibition of approximately 23% of the extent of resistance drop. Infection of HMEC with replication-deficient adenovirus containing the protein kinase A inhibitor gene (PKA inhibitor) blocked both the FI-mediated protective effects on RhoA activation and resistance changes. In conclusion, the results provide evidence that PKA inhibited RhoA activation in endothelial cells, supporting a signaling mechanism of protection against vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Reciprocal generation of Treg and Th1/Th17 cells by conventional B cells and B1 B cells (88.46) (2007)

Abstract Regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable for maintaining peripheral tolerance, whereas Th1 and Th17 cells induce inflammation and tissue destruction. Here we report a novel regulatory role for B cell subsets in influencing the differentiation of Treg versus Th1/Th17 cells. Using Foxp3-GFP knock-in mouse, we demonstrated that conventional B cells excelled in converting Foxp3− CD4 T cells into Foxp3+ Treg cells in the presence of IL-2 and TGFβ, whereas under the same conditions, peritoneal B1 cells preferentially generated Th1 and Th17 cells. We also demonstrated that B1 B cells promote stronger T cell proliferation during antigen presentation and MLR as compared to conventional B cells. Costimulation blockade of CD86 but not CD80 partially reversed the poor Treg conversion by B1 cells. Hence the ability to convert Treg is inversely correlated with B cell antigen-presentation capacity. Our findings suggest that different B cell subsets can play distinct roles in immune regulation by polarizing T cell functions. This study was supported by grants from the American Heart Association (0325807T), the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (5-2006-19) and the National Institutes of Health (AI29690 and AI60896).
Virtual screening of inorganic materials synthesis parameters with deep learning (2017)

Abstract Virtual materials screening approaches have proliferated in the past decade, driven by rapid advances in first-principles computational techniques, and machine-learning algorithms. By comparison, computationally driven materials synthesis screening is still in its infancy, and is mired by the challenges of data sparsity and data scarcity : Synthesis routes exist in a sparse, high-dimensional parameter space that is difficult to optimize over directly, and, for some materials of interest, only scarce volumes of literature-reported syntheses are available. In this article, we present a framework for suggesting quantitative synthesis parameters and potential driving factors for synthesis outcomes. We use a variational autoencoder to compress sparse synthesis representations into a lower dimensional space, which is found to improve the performance of machine-learning tasks. To realize this screening framework even in cases where there are few literature data, we devise a novel data augmentation methodology that incorporates literature synthesis data from related materials systems. We apply this variational autoencoder framework to generate potential SrTiO 3 synthesis parameter sets, propose driving factors for brookite TiO 2 formation, and identify correlations between alkali-ion intercalation and MnO 2 polymorph selection.
NDF 선물환시장과 한국의 외환위기 (2000)

본 연구에서는 한국의 외환위기를 전후로 한 기간에 있어서 역외 원-달러 NDF시장의 1개월, 2개월, 3개월 만기 선물환율과 현물환율을 이용하여 NDF시장에 의한 한국 외환위기의 예측가능성에 대해 검토해 보았다. 불편성가설을 오차수정모형을 이용하여 검증한 결과와 선물환 예측오차의 기대편의를 이용한 필터 룰을 적용해 본 결과는 역외 NDF시장이 한국의 외환위기를 예측하는 데에 효율적이 아님을 보여 준다. 이와 같은 결론은 외환위기기간을 제외한 표본을 사용하더라도 변하지 않는다. 한편, 외환위기를 전후로 한 기간에 선물환 할증의 만기구조는 음의 기울기를 강하게 가지는데, 이는 NDF시장이 외환위기 가능성과 크기를 정확하게 반영하지는 못했다 하더라도 부분적으로는 외환위기 가능성에 대한 시장의 평가를 반영하고 있었음을 의미한다.
Matrix algorithms and graph partitioning (2010)

Abstract The preceding chapter discussed a variety of computer algorithms for calculating quantities of interest on networks, including degrees, centralities, shortest paths, and connectivity. This chapter continues the study of network algorithms with algorithms based on matrix calculations and methods of linear algebra applied to the adjacency matrix or other network matrices such as the graph Laplacian. It begins with a simple example — the calculation of eigenvector centrality — which involves finding the leading eigenvector of the adjacency matrix, and then moves on to some more advanced examples, including Fiedler's spectral partitioning method and algorithms for network community detection. Exercises are provided at the end of the chapter.
Apoptosis and hepatobiliary disease (1995)

In this review we have attempted to summarize recent information on the role of apoptosis in normal liver biology and as a pathophysiological mechanism of cell death during hepatobiliary disease. Apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell injury and death in pathogenic settings as diverse as cell-mediated cytotoxicity, drug and chemical toxicity, carcinogenesis, viral disease, and autoimmune disease. Several factors account for the widespread attention and flurry of investigative activity into the phenomenon of apoptosis including the following: (1) realization that apoptosis is an important component of the behavior of all cells; (2) increasing evidence supporting a role for apoptotic cell death in diverse pathological settings; (3) elucidation of the biochemical pathways and insight into the genetic and molecular regulation of the process; and (4) development of new techniques to identify cells undergoing apoptosis. Recognition of the importance and role of apoptosis in hepatobiliary disease should stimulate interest and promote basic research toward understanding the mechanisms involved. Subsequent investigation into defining the cellular regulatory mechanisms and biochemical processes involved will be fertile ground for future research that may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and viral disease.
Two‐Week Test–Retest Stability of the Cold Pressor Task Procedure at two different Temperatures as a Measure of Pain Threshold and Tolerance (2013)

Consistent with previous findings, regression analysis reveals that age is significantly associated with pain tolerance. The CPT procedure shows excellent 2 week test-retest stability to assess pain threshold and pain tolerance within a student population.