gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent User-Level Checkpointing for the Native Posix Thread Library for Linux. (2006)

Abstract — Checkpointing of single-threaded applications has been long studied [3], [6], [8], [12], [15]. Much less research has been done for user-level checkpointing of multithreaded applications. Dieter and Lumpp studied the issue for LinuxThreads in Linux 2.2. However, that solution does not work on later versions of Linux. We present an updated solution for Linux 2.6, which uses the more recent NPTL (Native POSIX Thread Library). Unlike the earlier solution, we do not need to patch glibc. Additionally, the new implementation can take advantage of the ELF architecture to eliminate the earlier requirement to patch the user’s main routine. This fills in the missing link for full transparency. As one demonstration of the robustness, we checkpoint the Kaffe Java Virtual Machine including any of several multithreaded Java programs running on top of it. Index Terms — checkpointing, user-level checkpointing, multithreaded, Linux, NPTL, NAS Parallel Benchmark
Enhanced Photocurrent of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Modification of TiO2 with Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Abstract The effect of incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes in TiO2 film electrodes on the properties of dye-sensitized solar cells was studied. Compared with an unmodified solar cell, it is observed that the short-circuit photocurrent (Jsc) of the modified solar cells increases while the open-circuit photovoltage decreases slightly. The enhanced Jsc is correlated with increased electrical conductivity, light scattering and concentration of free conduction band electrons.
Finding Ponce de Leon’s Pill: Challenges in Screening for Anti-Aging Molecules (2016)

Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of degenerative changes, culminating in impaired function and increased probability of death. It is the major risk factor for many human pathologies - including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases - and consequently exerts an enormous social and economic toll. The major goal of aging research is to develop interventions that can delay the onset of multiple age-related diseases and prolong healthy lifespan (healthspan). The observation that enhanced longevity and health can be achieved in model organisms by dietary restriction or simple genetic manipulations has prompted the hunt for chemical compounds that can increase lifespan. Most of the pathways that modulate the rate of aging in mammals have homologs in yeast, flies, and worms, suggesting that initial screening to identify such pharmacological interventions may be possible using invertebrate models. In recent years, several compounds have been identified that can extend lifespan in invertebrates, and even in rodents. Here, we summarize the strategies employed, and the progress made, in identifying compounds capable of extending lifespan in organisms ranging from invertebrates to mice and discuss the formidable challenges in translating this work to human therapies.
Increased Virulence of Marek's Disease Virus Field Isolates (1997)

The continuation of an apparent evolutionary trend of Marek's disease virus (MDV) towards greater virulence may explain recent increased losses from Marek's disease (MD) in vaccinated flocks. To address this question, the virulence of 31 isolates of serotype 1 MDV obtained from layer or broiler flocks between 1987 and 1995 were characterized. Each isolate was cultured in duck embryo fibroblasts for four to six passages, and ascertained to be free from contamination with avian retroviruses, chicken anemia virus, and MDVs of other serotypes. The viruses, along with prototype viruses JM/102W and Md5, were tested for virulence by inoculation at 6 days of age into laboratory strain 15I5 x 7(1) chickens of three types: nonvaccinated, vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and bivalent (HVT + SB-1)-vaccinated. The results showed that three isolates did not differ from JM/102W and were classified in the virulent (vMDV) pathotype. Twenty-one isolates produced significantly higher levels of MD in HVT-vaccinated chickens than did the JM/102W control and were classified in the very virulent (vvMDV) pathotype. Seven isolates, five of which were isolated in 1994 or 1995, produced significantly higher levels of MD in bivalent-vaccinated chickens than did the Md5 (vvMDV) control. These isolates, provisionally designated as the vv+MDV pathotype, appeared to be at the high end of a virulence continuum. Several MD response parameters, including lymphoma mortality, early mortality with bursal/thymic atrophy, and frequency of visceral lymphomas or ocular lesions in nonvaccinated chickens were positively correlated with virulence. These findings support the continued evolution of MDV towards greater virulence.
Characterization of Protein Kinase A-mediated Phosphorylation of Ezrin in Gastric Parietal Cell Activation (2003)

Gastric ezrin was initially identified as a phosphoprotein associated with parietal cell activation. To explore the nature of ezrin phosphorylation, proteins from resting and secreting gastric glands were subjected to two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Histamine triggers acid secretion and a series of acidic isoforms of ezrin on two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Mass spectrometric analysis of these acidic ezrin spots induced by stimulation suggests that Ser66 is phosphorylated. To determine whether Ser66 is a substrate of protein kinase A (PKA), recombinant proteins of ezrin, both wild type and S66A mutant, were incubated with the catalytic subunit of PKA and [32P]ATP. Incorporation of 32P into wild type but not the mutant ezrin verified that Ser66 is a substrate of PKA. In addition, expression of S66A mutant ezrin in cultured parietal cells attenuates the dilation of apical vacuolar membrane associated with stimulation by histamine, indicating that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ezrin is necessary for acid secretion. In fact, expression of phosphorylation-like S66D mutant in parietal cells mimics histamine-stimulated apical vacuole remodeling. Further examination of H,K-ATPase distribution revealed a blockade of stimulation-induced proton pump mobilization in S66A but not S66D ezrin-expressing parietal cells. These data suggest that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ezrin plays an important role in mediating the remodeling of the apical membrane cytoskeleton associated with acid secretion in parietal cells.
Biosynthetic Convergence of Salinosporamides A and B in the Marine Actinomycete <i>Salinispora </i><i>tropica</i> (2007)

[structure: see text] Feeding experiments with stable isotopes established that the potent 20S-proteasome inhibitors salinosporamide A and B are biosynthesized in the marine bacterium Salinispora tropica from three biosynthetic building blocks, namely, acetate, beta-hydroxy-2'-cyclohexenylalanine, and either butyrate or a tetrose-derived chlorinated molecule. The unexpected observation that the chlorinated four-carbon residue in salinosporamide A is derived from a different metabolic origin than the non-chlorinated four-carbon unit in salinosporamide B is suggestive of a convergent biosynthesis to these two anticancer natural products.
Identifying Harm Events in Clinical Care through Medical Narratives (2017)

Preventable medical errors are estimated to be among the leading causes of injury and death in the United States. To prevent such errors, healthcare systems have implemented patient safety and incident reporting systems. These systems enable clinicians to report unsafe conditions and cases where patients have been harmed due to errors in medical care. These reports are narratives in natural language and while they provide detailed information about the situation, it is non-trivial to perform large scale analysis for identifying common causes of errors and harm to the patients. In this work, we present a method for identifying harm events in patient care and categorize the harm event types based on their severity level. We show that our method which is based on convolutional and recurrent networks with an attention mechanism is able to significantly improve over the existing methods on two large scale datasets of patient reports.
Design and Test Results of Multi-Evaporator Loop Heat Pipes (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) technology has advanced to the point that LHPs are baselined for thermal control systems in many spacecraft applications. These applications typically utilize a loop heat pipe with a single evaporator. However, many emerging applications involve heat sources with large thermal footprints, or multiple heat sources that would be better served by LHPs with multiple evaporators. Other investigators have proposed systems containing several evaporators that are coupled to a common reservoir; however, this approach places severe restrictions on the relative locations of the evaporators. This paper describes a multiple evaporator loop heat pipe, with a separate reservoir for each evaporator, which can accommodate payloads with large or spatially separated heat sources.</div></div>
<title>Fabrication techniques of photopolymer-clad waveguides for nonlinear polymeric modulators</title> (1991)

There is growing interest in developing fabrication methods for optically nonlinear organic materials that are used in integrated optical modulators. Of particular interest are systems in which the NLO moiety is incorporated in a polymer system either as a dopant or chemically attached as a side chain to the polymer backbone. In order to realize the potential of these polymers, much research has been directed toward developing the technology required to form channel waveguides and demonstrate prototype polymeric modulators. Reported here are the fabrication details of a projection printing technique to form channel waveguides and prototype modulators. This technique has been used to characterize the optical properties of the polymers by the fabrication and testing of Mach Zehnder modulators. The projection printing technique forms inverted ribs in optical epoxies by noncontact exposure to a patterned UV light source. These inverted ribs are filled by spin coating with the electro-optic polymers to form channel waveguides. A second buffer layer is coated over the polymer by spinning and poling/device electrodes are added to form the completed modulator. Any spin coatable electro-optic polymer can be used as the active waveguide material by adjusting the inverted rib dimensions for single mode operation depending on the polymer/epoxy index difference. The practical engineering design considerations and fabrication procedures required for single mode channel waveguides and successful modulator construction are discussed in detail.
The fermentable fibre inulin increases postprandial serum short-chain fatty acids and reduces free-fatty acids and ghrelin in healthy subjects (2010)

It is thought that diets high in dietary fibre are associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, at least in part because the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the colonic fermentation of fibre beneficially influence circulating concentrations of free-fatty acids (FFAs) and gut hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose and body mass. However, there is a paucity of data showing this sequence of events in humans. Thus, our objective was to determine the effect of the fermentable fibre inulin on postprandial glucose, insulin, SCFA, FFA, and gut hormone responses in healthy subjects. Overnight fasted healthy subjects (n = 12) were studied for 6 h after consuming 400 mL drinks, containing 80 g high-fructose corn syrup (80HFCS), 56 g HFCS (56HFCS), or 56 g HFCS plus 24 g inulin (Inulin), using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design. A standard lunch was served 4 h after the test drink. Glucose and insulin responses after Inulin did not differ significantly from those after 80HFCS or 56HFCS. Serum acetate, propionate, and butyrate were significantly higher after Inulin than after HFCS drinks from 4-6 h. FFAs fell at a similar rate after all 3 test drinks, but were lower after Inulin than after 56HFCS at 4 h (0.40 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.06 mmol*L-1; p < 0.05). Compared with 56HFCS, Inulin significantly increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations at 30 min, and reduced ghrelin at 4.5 h and 6 h. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that dietary fibre increases the production of colonic SCFAs, which may reduce type 2 diabetes risk by reducing postprandial FFAs and favorably affecting gut hormones, which regulate food intake.
Incipient Ferroelectricity in Al‐Doped HfO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films (2012)

Abstract Incipient ferroelectricity is known to occur in perovskites such as SrTiO 3 , KTaO 3 , and CaTiO 3 . For the first time it is shown that the intensively researched HfO 2 thin films (16 nm) also possess ferroelectric properties when aluminium is incorporated into the host lattice. Polarization measurements on Al:HfO 2 based metal–insulator–metal capacitors show an antiferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric phase transition depending on annealing conditions and aluminium content. Structural investigation of the electrically characterized capacitors by grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction is presented in order to gain further insight on the potential origin of ferroelectricity. The non‐centrosymmetry of the elementary cell, which is essential for ferroelectricity, is assumed to originate from an orthorhombic phase of space group Pbc2 1 stabilized for low Al doping in HfO 2 . The ferroelectric properties of the modified HfO 2 thin films yield high potential for various ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric applications. Furthermore, due to the extensive knowledge accumulated by various research groups regarding the HfO 2 dielectric, an immediate relevance of ferroelectric hafnium oxide thin films is anticipated by the authors.
Enhanced Fire-Related Traits May Contribute to the Invasiveness of Downy Brome (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>) (2016)

Although several invasive species have induced changes to the fire regime of invaded communities, potential intraspecific shifts in fire-related traits that might enhance the invasion success of these species have never been addressed. We assumed that traits conferring persistence and competitiveness in postfire conditions to downy brome, a quintessential invasive species of the Great Basin (North America), might be under selection in areas with recurrent fires. Therefore, we hypothesized that populations from frequently burned regions of the Great Basin would have (1) greater tolerance to fire at seed level, (2) higher relative seedling performance in postfire environments, and (3) greater flammability than unburned Central European populations that evolved without fire. Seeds were collected from three introduced populations from frequently burned regions in North America and three introduced populations of rarely or never burned sites from Central Europe. We performed (1) germination experiments with seeds subjected to the effect of different fire components (heat shocks, smoke, flame, ash), (2) pot experiments analyzing the effect of postfire conditions on the early growth of the seedlings, and (3) a series of flammability tests on dry biomass of plants reared in a common garden. All seeds tolerated the low-temperature treatments (40 to 100 C), but were destroyed at high heat shocks (140 and 160 C). Only the 100 C heat treatment caused a difference in reaction of seeds from different continents, as the European seeds were less tolerant to this heat shock. We found significantly increased seedling height and biomass after 4 wk of growth under postfire conditions in American populations, but not in European ones. American populations had enhanced flammability in three out of five measured parameters compared to European populations. In summary, these intraspecific differences in fire-related traits might contribute to the persistence and perhaps invasiveness of the frequently burned North American downy brome populations.
Trichobezoar in children : an uncommon problem (2004)

ABSTRACT: We are presenting 2 patients-one with gastric trichobezoar and the other with Rapunzel syndrome. Both the patients were girls aged 9 years and 10 years respectively and were treated successfully.
Improvement of the hydrothermal stability of SAPO-34 (2002)

Hydrothermal stability of SAPO-34 is greatly improved by the treatment of the acidic form of the SAPO-34 with NH3.
<i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i>: A Review of Pharmacological and Industiral Perspectives (2001)

Violet-pigmented bacteria, which have been described since the end of the 19th century, are occasionally the causative agent of septicemia and sometimes cause fatal infection in human and animals. Bacteria, producing violet colonies due to the production of a nondiffusible pigment violacein, were classified as a redefined genus Chromobacterium. Chromobacterium violaceum is gram-negative, and saprophyte from soil and water is normally considered nonpathogenic to human, but is an opportunistic pathogen of extreme virulence for human and animals. The biosynthesis and biological activities of violacein and the diverse effects of this pigment have been studied. Besides violacein, C. violaceum produces other antibiotics, such as aerocyanidin and aerocavin, which exhibit in vitro activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. 3,6-Dihydroxyindoxazene and Y-TO678h exhibit a selective activity against gram-negative bacteria. Arphamenine A and B, and FR901228, that enhanced immunoresponse, and potentiators of beta-lactam antibiotics and chelators such as ferrioxamine exhibit important clinical potential applications. Lipopolysaccharides and polyhydroxyesters together with several enzymes appear as important metabolites with biotechnological applications. Many of these metabolites were already studied at the genome level.
p-Aminobenzoate synthesis in Escherichia coli: purification and characterization of PabB as aminodeoxychorismate synthase and enzyme X as aminodeoxychorismate lyase. (1990)

The Escherichia coli pabA and pabB genes have been overexpressed separately and in tandem. Using purified PabB, we have confirmed the recent suggestion that PabB needs an additional protein, enzyme X, to convert chorismate and NH3 to p-aminobenzoate (PABA). With chorismate and NH3, pure PabB generates an intermediate presumed to be 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate based upon UV/visible spectroscopy and enzymatic and nonenzymatic transformations. The PabB-catalyzed interconversion of chorismate and isolated aminodeoxychorismate is readily reversible. With pure PabB as a stoichiometric assay reagent, enzyme X was purified approximately 800-fold to near homogeneity as an apparent homodimer of 50 kDa from E. coli. Enzyme X shows no activity on chorismate but quantitatively converts the preformed aminodeoxychorismate into p-aminobenzoate and pyruvate, acting thereby as an aminodeoxychorismate lyase.
The Heat-Up Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals (2015)

The successful transition of any nanocrystal-based product from the research phase to the commercial arena hinges on the ability to produce the required nanomaterial on large scales. The synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals using a heat-up (non-injection) method is a reliable means to achieve high quality nanomaterials on large scales with little or no batch-to-batch variation. In this class of synthesis precursors are heated within a reaction medium to induce a chemical reaction that yields monomer for nucleation and growth. Use of the heat-up technique circumvents the pitfalls of mixing time and poor heat management inherent to classical “hot-injection” methods. In heat-up syntheses monomer is produced in a more continuous fashion during the heating stage, making it more difficult to separate the nucleation and growth stages of the reaction, a factor that is conventionally considered detrimental toward achieving homogeneous colloidal dispersions. However, through the judicious selection of precursors, stabilizers, and reaction heating rates, these stages can be managed to yield colloids of comparable quality to those achieved via classical hot-injection methods. In this review we provide the reader with a fundamental basis upon which to understand the reaction requirements for achieving such favorable growth conditions. Given that the most important consideration in these reactions is precursor (and stabilizer) selection, we also provide an exposition of the precursor chemistry appropriate to achieving high quality products when using heat-up techniques. These topics form the foundation for critically evaluating the field of heat-up nanocrystal synthesis to date, including the synthesis of binary, ternary, and quaternary metal chalcogenide and pnictogenide nanocrystals, as well as metallic, metal oxide, and f-block conaining nanocrystals.
Adrenocorticotropin Increases Expression of c-fos and β-Actin Genes in the Rat Adrenals* (1990)

It is widely accepted that expression of protooncogenes is coupled with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Since ACTH stimulates not only steroidogenesis but also cellular proliferation, we investigated whether ACTH affects the expression of c-fos, c-myc, and beta-actin genes. The effect of ACTH on adrenal glands was studied in hypophysectomized rats. Changes in the mRNA levels were studied by Northern and dot blot analyses. It was demonstrated that ACTH induces increases in mRNAs encoding c-fos and beta-actin in adrenal glands of hypophysectomized rats. When stimulated by ACTH (5 IU/100 g BW), the mRNA levels of both genes increase rapidly; the maximum levels are observed at 30 min for c-fos and 6 h for beta-actin. Both mRNAs declined to near-control levels by 6-24 h. The levels of mRNAs encoding cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 and 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 began to increase 3 and 12 h after ACTH administration, respectively. This increase continued for 24 h after ACTH treatment. Increases in total adrenal RNA and adrenal weight occurred slowly after ACTH treatment. On the other hand, the levels of c-myc mRNA were very low and were not increased by ACTH administration. These results suggest that increased expression of c-fos and beta-actin genes by ACTH may have important roles in mediating its action on adrenals.
Delivering mobile enterprise applications on iMMS framework (2005)

Mobile messaging services like SMS, MMS and wireless instant messaging services have become the major revenue source of the wireless data services. Compared with the online web access model, messaging access is more preferred in the wireless environment because messaging systems work in an asynchronous way and can tolerate intermittent connectivity. Current mobile messaging focuses on consumer applications, e.g., person-to-person communication. To leverage mobile message usage in mobile enterprise applications, iMMS (Interactive Multimedia Messaging Service) is proposed in this paper, which adds interactive features into MMS standard to provide rich and friendly user interface, local interaction and offline operation. In this paper, a message package based programming model is introduced to support interactive messaging application development. A design of an iMMS framework based on this programming model is presented. The architecture of the framework is also discussed. Finally a mobile workflow solution is given to show the implementation of a mobile enterprise application on the framework.