gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective substitution of aluminum for gallium in langasite-type crystals for a pressure sensor use at high temperature (2006)

Aluminum-substituted La3Ga5SiO14 (LGS)-type crystals, La3Ga5-xAlxSiO14 (LGAS(x)) and La3Ta0.5Ga5.5-xAlxSiO14 (LTGA(x)), were successfully grown by the Czochralski technique. These crystals were 18-23 mm in diameter and 70-100 mm in length. The piezoelectric modulus d11 values (6.21 and 6.92 pC/N) of the LGAS(x=0.9) and LTGA(x=0.5) crystals were slightly larger than that of the pure LGS and La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14 (LTG) ones (6.08 and 6.89 pC/N), respectively. The LTGA(x=0.5) crystals showed the lowest temperature dependence of d11. The electric resistivity ρ values of the Al-substituted crystals at 400 o C were significantly higher than those of the pure LGS and LTG crystals grown in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The aluminum substitution is effective for improving the electrical properties of the LGS and LTG, and the LTGA(x=0.5) crystals are suitable for combustion pressure sensor materials.
1,2-Asymmetric induction in the SN2'-allylation of organocopper and organozinc reagents (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2-Asymmetric induction in the SN2'-allylation of organocopper and organozinc reagentsMasayuki Arai, Takashi Kawasuji, and Eiichi NakamuraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 19, 5121–5129Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00071a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00071a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views556Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Broadband Raman gain characterisation in variousoptical fibres (2001)

The Raman gain coefficient of several different types of optical fibres has been quantified using a sensitive technique based upon the measurement of backward amplified spontaneous emission. Spectral measurement of the effect of the variation of germanium doping in the fibre is also reported.
Snow and Ice Control Manual for Transportation Facilities (1998)

Though there has been a low level of research into improved techniques and equipment for snow and ice control since the end of World War II in the United States, and to a greater extent in Europe and Scandinavia, it wasnt until the last decade of the twentieth century was well advanced that a concerted effort to address this deficiency was initiated. Annual costs of snow and ice removal and control have been climbing for many years and now total well over $2 billion in the United States. With costs becoming an increasing burden, government agencies both large and small have realized that the lagging technology must be improved to cope with the increasing demands for more efficient operations. Research has now resulted in better designs of equipment for the removal task. New technologies have introduced new practices which are now reducing the deleterious environmental consequences of the massive amounts of chemicals once used for deicing. The technology of snow and ice control is not static. Therefore the emphasis of this book is on the fundamentals of snow and ice control, that is, the available technology and the scientific underpinnings of that technology, rather than a cookbook account of what actions to take or what procedures to follow. In our view, this will better prepare those most intimately involved with the critical task of ensuring the bet performance of our transportation systems under adverse winter conditions. The goal is to provide the reader with a firm foundation that will enable him or her to assess the value of current and proposed equipment and techniques.
Sodium and <i>T</i><sub>1ρ</sub> MRI for molecular and diagnostic imaging of articular cartilage (2006)

In this article, both sodium magnetic resonance (MR) and T1rho relaxation mapping aimed at measuring molecular changes in cartilage for the diagnostic imaging of osteoarthritis are reviewed. First, an introduction to structure of cartilage, its degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) and an outline of diagnostic imaging methods in quantifying molecular changes and early diagnostic aspects of cartilage degeneration are described. The sodium MRI section begins with a brief overview of the theory of sodium NMR of biological tissues and is followed by a section on multiple quantum filters that can be used to quantify both bi-exponential relaxation and residual quadrupolar interaction. Specifically, (i) the rationale behind the use of sodium MRI in quantifying proteoglycan (PG) changes, (ii) validation studies using biochemical assays, (iii) studies on human OA specimens, (iv) results on animal models and (v) clinical imaging protocols are reviewed. Results demonstrating the feasibility of quantifying PG in OA patients and comparison with that in healthy subjects are also presented. The section concludes with the discussion of advantages and potential issues with sodium MRI and the impact of new technological advancements (e.g. ultra-high field scanners and parallel imaging methods). In the theory section on T1rho, a brief description of (i) principles of measuring T1rho relaxation, (ii) pulse sequences for computing T1rho relaxation maps, (iii) issues regarding radio frequency power deposition, (iv) mechanisms that contribute to T1rho in biological tissues and (v) effects of exchange and dipolar interaction on T1rho dispersion are discussed. Correlation of T1rho relaxation rate with macromolecular content and biomechanical properties in cartilage specimens subjected to trypsin and cytokine-induced glycosaminoglycan depletion and validation against biochemical assay and histopathology are presented. Experimental T1rho data from osteoarthritic specimens, animal models, healthy human subjects and as well from osteoarthritic patients are provided. The current status of T1rho relaxation mapping of cartilage and future directions is also discussed.
5-Methoxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di-<i>n</i>-propyltryptamine (5-MeO-DPT): freebase and fumarate (2021)

The solid-state structures of the synthetic psychedelic 5-meth-oxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di-<i>n</i>-propyl-tryptamine (5-MeO-DPT) {systematic name: <i>N</i>-[2-(5-meth-oxy-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)eth-yl]-<i>N</i>-propyl-propan-1-amine}, C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>25</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O, and its fumarate salt, bis-(5-meth-oxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di-<i>n</i>-propyl-tryptammonium) fumarate (systematic name: bis-{<i>N</i>-[2-(5-meth-oxy-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)eth-yl]-<i>N</i>-propyl-propan-1-aminium} but-2-ene-dio-ate), 2C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>25</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>·C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> <sup>2-</sup>, are reported. The freebase has a single tryptamine mol-ecule in the asymmetric unit. The mol-ecules are linked together by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds in zigzag chains along the [010] direction. The fumarate salt has a single tryptammonium cation and half of a fumarate dianion in the asymmetric unit. The tryptammonium and fumarate ions are held together in one-dimensional chains by a series of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These chains are combinations of <i>R</i> <sup>4</sup> <sub>4</sub>(22) rings, and <i>C</i> <sup>2</sup> <sub>2</sub>(14) and <i>C</i> <sup>4</sup> <sub>4</sub>(28) parallel chains along [001].
The multi‐iterative closest point tracker: An online algorithm for tracking multiple interacting targets (2012)

Abstract We describe and evaluate a greedy detection‐based algorithm for tracking a variable number of dynamic targets online. The algorithm leverages the well‐known iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm for aligning target models with target detections. The approach differs from trackers that seek globally optimal solutions because it treats the problem as a set of individual tracking problems. The method works for multiple targets by sequentially matching models to detections, and then removing detections from further consideration once models have been matched to them. This allows targets to pass close to one another with reduced risks of tracking failure due to “hijacking,'' or track merging. There has been significant previous work in this area, but we believe our approach addresses a number of tracking problems simultaneously that have only been addressed separately before. The algorithm is evaluated using four to eight laser range finders in three settings: quantitatively for a basketball game with 10 people and a 25‐person social behavior experiment, and qualitatively for a full‐scale soccer game. We also provide qualitative results using video to track ants in a captive habitat. During all the experiments, agents enter and leave the scene, so the number of targets to track varies with time. With eight laser range finders running, the system can locate and track targets at sensor frame rate 37.5 Hz on commodity computing hardware. Our evaluation shows that the tracking system correctly detects each track over 98% of the time. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Different forms of the neurotrophin receptor <i>Trk</i>B mRNA predominate in rat retina and optic nerve (1993)

Abstract The expression of Trk B mRNAs was investigated in rat retina and optic nerve. A 11.5 kb transcript that encodes full‐length TRK B was found to predominate in Northern blots of retinal RNA. By in situ hybridization, this trk B expression was concentrated in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers. Furthermore, an antibody to the full‐length TRK B immunostained retinal ganglion cells and their axons. In contrast, Northern blots of optic nerve RNA showed a prominent 9.5 kb band that encoded a form of the TRK B receptor lacking the tyrosine kinase domain. This species was also detected in both the sciatic nerve and cultured astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. These results suggest that neurons express the full‐length TRK B containing the tyrosine kinase domain, while non‐neuronal cells express the truncated form of the receptor. These two classes of TRK B may mediate different neurotrophic actions in the retina and optic nerve. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of naproxen and cromolyn activities against cancer cells viability, proliferation, apoptosis, p53 and gene expression of survivin and caspase-3 (2013)

We previously reported the inhibitory profiles of naproxen and cromolyn against glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which partly explain the molecular mechanisms of their anti-cancer properties. In this study, we performed a detailed biochemical evaluation of the two drugs against colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco2), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), mammary gland carcinoma (MCF7), epitheloid cervix carcinoma (Hela), lung carcinoma (A5W9) and epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep2) cell lines. Additionally, we performed cellular viability tests using trypan blue, proliferation MTT assay, apoptosis, p53 and real-time polymerase chain reaction for gene expression of survivin and caspase-3. Not only the two drugs were found to significantly reduce the viability of different cell lines, but they also were shown to have potent dose-dependent reduction of cellular proliferation. They exhibited cytotoxicity IC50 values of 3.69 and 4.16 μM for naproxen and cromolyn, respectively. Viability and proliferation results clearly correlated with apoptosis and p53 experiments in showing that both drugs significantly raised apoptotic percentages. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in survivin and elevation of caspase-3 gene expression upon exposure to the two drugs. It can be concluded that both naproxen and cromolyn have significant anti-cancer properties.
Yolov4 High-Speed Train Wheelset Tread Defect Detection System Based on Multiscale Feature Fusion (2022)

The Yolov4 detection algorithm does not sufficiently extract local semantic and location information. This study aims to solve this problem by proposing a Yolov4-based multiscale feature fusion detection system for high-speed train wheel tread defects. First, multiscale feature maps are obtained from a feature extraction backbone network. The proposed multiscale feature fusion network then fuses the underlying features of the original three scales. These fused features contain more defect semantic information and location details. Based on the fused features, a path aggregation network is used to fuse feature maps at different resolutions, with an improved loss function that speeds up the convergence of the network. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective at detecting defects in the wheel treads of high-speed trains.
Role of a viral membrane polypeptide in strand-specific initiation of poliovirus RNA synthesis (1991)

A molecular genetic analysis has been combined with an in vitro biochemical approach to define the functional interactions required for nucleotidyl protein formation during poliovirus RNA synthesis. A site-directed lesion into the hydrophobic domain of a viral membrane protein produced a mutant virus that is defective in RNA synthesis at 39 degrees C. The phenotypic expression of this lesion affects initiation of RNA synthesis, in vitro uridylylation of the genome-linked protein (VPg), and the in vivo synthesis of plus-strand viral RNAs. Our results support a model that employs a viral membrane protein as carrier for VPg in the initiation of plus-strand RNA synthesis. Our data also suggest that a separate mechanism could be used in the initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis, thereby providing a means for strand-specific regulation of picornavirus RNA replication.
The cDNA Sequence of a Cauliflower apetala-1/squamosa Homolog (1995)

The Arabidopsis gene apetala-1 and its Antirrhinum counterpart squamosa play an important role in regulating floral meristem identity.
The axonally secreted cell adhesion molecule, axonin‐1 (1992)

Axonin‐1 is an axon‐associated cell adhesion molecule (AxCAM) of the chicken, which promotes neurite outgrowth by interaction with the AxCAM L1(G4) of the neuritic membrane. Here we report the cloning and sequence determination of a cDNA encoding axonin‐1. Peptides generated by enzymatic cleavage showed similarity to the AxCAM F11. Degenerated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed and an axonin‐1 fragment was amplified from mRNA of embryonic retina. Screening of a cDNA library from embryonic brain resulted in the isolation of a 4.0‐kb cDNA insert with an open reading frame of 3108 nucleotides. The deduced polypeptide of 1036 amino acids includes a putative hydrophobic N‐terminal signal sequence of 23 or 25 amino acids and a C‐terminal hydrophobic sequence of 29 amino acids which is suggestive of sequences serving as signal for the attachment of a glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol (glycosyl‐PtdIns) anchor. The putative mature form of axonin‐1 comprises six immunoglobulin‐like repeats, followed by four fibronectin‐type III repeats. Axonin‐1 exhibits 75% amino acid identity with the AxCAM TAG‐1 of the rat, suggesting that it is the chicken homologue of TAG‐1. Like TAG‐1, axonin‐1 is glycosyl‐PtdIns‐anchored to the neuronal membrane; in contrast to TAG‐1, it does not exhibit an Arg‐Gly‐Asp sequence.
Optical pseudocolouring through contrast reversal filtering (1979)

A method of optical pseudocolouring of gray levels based on the addition of a coherent contrast reversed image and an incoherent image is proposed. The principle of the method and the experimental set-up are described and some experimental colour results are presented. © 1979
A large nylon capsule coated with a synthetic bilayer membrane. Permeability control of sodium chloride by phase transition of the dialkylammonium bilayer coating (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA large nylon capsule coated with a synthetic bilayer membrane. Permeability control of sodium chloride by phase transition of the dialkylammonium bilayer coatingYoshio Okahata, Han Jin Lim, Genichi Nakamura, and Satoshi HachiyaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 15, 4855–4859Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00353a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00353a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crack Segmentation by Leveraging Multiple Frames of Varying Illumination (2017)

In this work, we present an automated inspection approach to assist remote visual examinations of nuclear power plant components. An automated approach would require detecting often low contrast cracks that could be surrounded by or even within textures with similar appearances such as welding, scratches, and grind marks. We propose a crack segmentation method for remote visual examination videos by aggregating the pixel-level classification confidence from multiple frames consisting of different illumination conditions. A dataset of 685 pixel-level ground truth images consisting of 37 cracks from remote visual examination videos is used for evaluation. The results show that the proposed method provides a significant improvement over hand-crafted feature based segmentation and 9% over convolutional neural network based method.
Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: prospective study and updated meta-analyses (2000)

In the context of results from other relevant studies these findings suggest that some inflammatory processes, unrelated to the chronic infections studied here, are likely to be involved in coronary heart disease.
Development of an In-Line System for the Analysis of 4,4′-DDT in Water (2006)

An in-line system for trace persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in water was developed by using a laboratory-made hollow fiber membrane (HFM) unit connected with a high-resolution gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (HRGC-MS). The semivolatile organic compound, 4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (4,4'-DDT), was chosen as a representative of a persistent organic compound. The synthetic water contaminated with 4,4'-DDT was passed through the HFM unit, the extraction occurred by the analyte pervaporated and permeated, then stripped into HRGC-MS. Several factors were investigated for the high extraction efficiency. The best performance was obtained at sample and stripping gas flow rates of 6 and 9 mLmin-1, respectively, and desorption temperature of 60 degrees C. At this temperature, the diffusion rate was enhanced by 15 times over 25 degrees C. A wide linear dynamic range was obtained, i.e., 0.10-1.0 mgL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 90 microgL-1. The extraction efficiency of 4,4'-DDT in real water samples was in the range of 83-94%. Real water samples were analyzed and 0.6 microgL-1 of 4,4'-DDT was found in unregistered bottled water and 7.0 microgL-1 in tap water.
A scalable real-time synchronization protocol for distributed systems (2002)

A distributed protocol is proposed for the synchronization of real-time tasks that have variable resource requirements. The protocol is simple to implement and is intended for large-scale distributed or parallel systems in which processes communicate by message passing. Critical sections, even when nested, may be executed on any processor. Thus, given an adequate number of processors, the execution of critical sections can be completely distributed. More significantly, since the protocol enables the distributed allocation of critical sections, the benefits of various allocations can be analyzed and the system optimized to provide minimal blocking. This has important application in global optimization techniques for allocating large numbers of hard real-time tasks in multiprocessor systems.
Natriuretic peptide receptor A as a novel target for cancer (2014)

The receptor for the cardiac hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), has been reported to be expressed in lung cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. NPR-A expression and signaling is important for tumor growth; its deficiency protects C57BL/6 mice from lung, skin and ovarian cancers. This suggests that NPR-A is a new marker and a new target for cancer therapy. Recently, NPR-A has been demonstrated to be expressed in pre-implantation embryos and in embryonic stem cells, which has a novel role in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. A nanoparticle-formulated interfering RNA for NPR-A attenuated B16 melanoma tumors in mice. Ectopic expression of a plasmid encoding NP73-102, the NH2-terminal peptide of the ANP prohormone which downregulates NPR-A expression, also suppressed lung metastasis of A549 cells in nude mice and tumorigenesis of Line 1 cells in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. These results suggest that NPR-A is involved in tumorigenesis and a new target for cancer therapy. This review focuses on structure, abnormal functions and carcinogenic mechanisms of NPR-A to investigate its role in tumorigenesis.
Potentiation of Catechin Gallate-Mediated Sensitization of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> to Oxacillin by Nongalloylated Catechins (2006)

(-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECg) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) reduce oxacillin resistance in mecA-containing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Their binding to staphylococcal cells is enhanced by the nongalloyl analogues (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC). EC and EGC significantly increased the capacity of ECg and EGCg to reduce levels of staphylococcal oxacillin resistance.