gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyfluorene as a model system for space-charge-limited conduction (2007)

Ethyl-hexyl substituted polyfluorene (PF) with its high level of molecular disorder can be described very well by one-carrier space-charge-limited conduction for a discrete set of trap levels with energy $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ above the valence-band edge. Sweeping the bias above the trap-filling limit in the as-is polymer generates a set of exponential traps, which is clearly seen in the density of states calculations. The trapped charges in this set of traps have very long lifetimes and can be detrapped by photoexcitation. Thermal cycling the PF film to a crystalline phase prevents the creation of additional traps at higher voltages.
An energy-efficient data collection scheme for wireless sensor networks (2013)

Keeping data collecting while preserving the scarce energy of sensor nodes is always one of the most crucial problems in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose the DCS scheme to effectively exploit the ubiquitous temporal-spatial correlation in most natural phenomena for energy-efficient data collection of wireless sensor networks. Specifically, for temporal correlation, we build lightweight AR model locally to capture data distribution at sensor node; for spatial correlation, by making use of our novel definition of similarity measure between sensor nodes, we perform centralized model clustering, which is a kind of clustering that emphasizes data similarity between nodes but ignores geographical distance, to group sensor nodes with similar data distribution on both magnitude and trend into the same cluster. Then through scheduling sensor nodes to report readings alternately and performing dual-prediction at both sensor nodes and Sink, DCS acquires sensing readings without compromising too much data accuracy loss. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency of DCS scheme on a data set synthesized from real-world temperature data, i.e., 82.94% communication overhead reduction while keeping data error as low as 0.0456°C when user-provided error-tolerance threshold sets as 0.2°C.
Sample size determination in microarray experiments for class comparison and prognostic classification (2004)

Determining sample sizes for microarray experiments is important but the complexity of these experiments, and the large amounts of data they produce, can make the sample size issue seem daunting, and tempt researchers to use rules of thumb in place of formal calculations based on the goals of the experiment. Here we present formulae for determining sample sizes to achieve a variety of experimental goals, including class comparison and the development of prognostic markers. Results are derived which describe the impact of pooling, technical replicates and dye-swap arrays on sample size requirements. These results are shown to depend on the relative sizes of different sources of variability. A variety of common types of experimental situations and designs used with single-label and dual-label microarrays are considered. We discuss procedures for controlling the false discovery rate. Our calculations are based on relatively simple yet realistic statistical models for the data, and provide straightforward sample size calculation formulae.
Characteristics of Spray Grouping/ Non-Grouping Behavior (2006)

Travel grouping of particles/droplets in an oscillating flow is described. The tendency for nongrouping behavior is characterized by a new non-dimensional parameter designated as NG. A characteristic time for grouping is also presented. The prediction of grouping tendency and the characteristic time are incorporated in a spray evaporation model for estimating the effect of grouping on the overall vapor production of a multi-sized spray. It is shown that the relatively small droplets tend to form groups and are thus expected to undergo a decrease in their evaporation rate. Larger droplets tend not to group, thus their rate of evaporation is maximized. Therefore, such travel grouping brings the evaporation rates of different droplet size ranges closer together, implying that an optimized fuel spray injected into a combustion system is not necessarily characterized by the smallest Sauter mean diameter (SMD). It is also shown that once a grouping or a non-grouping mode of behavior has been established, evaporation has only a minor effect on this behavior during droplet lifetime. Thus, the initial operating conditions, which are incorporated in the initial value of NG, can predict the extent of grouping stability.
Reconstitution and Molecular Analysis of the hRad9-hHus1-hRad1 (9-1-1) DNA Damage Responsive Checkpoint Complex (2001)

DNA damage activates cell cycle checkpoint signaling pathways that coordinate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Three of the proteins involved in checkpoint signaling, Rad1, Hus1, and Rad9, have been shown to interact by immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid studies. However, it is not known how these proteins interact and assemble into a complex. In the present study we demonstrated that in human cells all the hRad9 and hHus1 and approximately one-half of the cellular pool of hRad1 interacted as a stable, biochemically discrete complex, with an apparent molecular mass of 160 kDa. This complex was reconstituted by co-expression of all three recombinant proteins in a heterologous system, and the reconstituted complex exhibited identical chromatographic behavior as the endogenous complex. Interaction studies using differentially tagged proteins demonstrated that the proteins did not self-multimerize. Rather, each protein had a binding site for the other two partners, with the N terminus of hRad9 interacting with hRad1, the N terminus of hRad1 interacting with hHus1, and the N terminus of hHus1 interacting with the C terminus of hRad9's predicted PCNA-like region. Collectively, these analyses suggest a model of how these three proteins assemble to form a functional checkpoint complex, which we dubbed the 9-1-1 complex.
Reduced Neural Integration of Letters and Speech Sounds in Dyslexic Children Scales with Individual Differences in Reading Fluency (2014)

The acquisition of letter-speech sound associations is one of the basic requirements for fluent reading acquisition and its failure may contribute to reading difficulties in developmental dyslexia. Here we investigated event-related potential (ERP) measures of letter-speech sound integration in 9-year-old typical and dyslexic readers and specifically test their relation to individual differences in reading fluency. We employed an audiovisual oddball paradigm in typical readers (n = 20), dysfluent (n = 18) and severely dysfluent (n = 18) dyslexic children. In one auditory and two audiovisual conditions the Dutch spoken vowels/a/and/o/were presented as standard and deviant stimuli. In audiovisual blocks, the letter 'a' was presented either simultaneously (AV0), or 200 ms before (AV200) vowel sound onset. Across the three children groups, vowel deviancy in auditory blocks elicited comparable mismatch negativity (MMN) and late negativity (LN) responses. In typical readers, both audiovisual conditions (AV0 and AV200) led to enhanced MMN and LN amplitudes. In both dyslexic groups, the audiovisual LN effects were mildly reduced. Most interestingly, individual differences in reading fluency were correlated with MMN latency in the AV0 condition. A further analysis revealed that this effect was driven by a short-lived MMN effect encompassing only the N1 window in severely dysfluent dyslexics versus a longer MMN effect encompassing both the N1 and P2 windows in the other two groups. Our results confirm and extend previous findings in dyslexic children by demonstrating a deficient pattern of letter-speech sound integration depending on the level of reading dysfluency. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences across the entire spectrum of reading skills in addition to group differences between typical and dyslexic readers.
zFP538, a Yellow-Fluorescent Protein from <i>Zoanthus</i>, Contains a Novel Three-Ring Chromophore<sup>,</sup> (2004)

Crystal structures of the tetrameric yellow-fluorescent protein zFP538 from the button polyp Zoanthus sp. and a green-emitting mutant (K66M) are presented. The atomic models have been refined at 2.7 and 2.5 A resolution, with final crystallographic R factors of 0.206 (R(free) = 0.255) and 0.190 (R(free) = 0.295), respectively, and have excellent stereochemistry. The fold of the protomer is very similar to that of green (GFP) and red (DsRed) fluorescent proteins; however, evidence from crystallography and mass spectrometry suggests that zFP538 contains a three-ring chromophore derived from that of GFP. The yellow-emitting species (lambda(em)(max) = 538 nm) is proposed to result from a transimination reaction in which a transiently appearing DsRed-like acylimine is attacked by the terminal amino group of lysine 66 to form a new six-membered ring, cleaving the polypeptide backbone at the 65-66 position. This extends the chromophore conjugation by an additional double bond compared to GFP, lowering the absorption and emission frequencies. Substitution of lysine 66 with aspartate or glutamate partially converts zFP538 into a red-fluorescent protein, providing additional support for an acylimine intermediate. The diverse and unexpected roles of the side chain at position 66 give new insight into the chemistry of chromophore maturation in the extended family of GFP-like proteins.
Infection control. (1996)

Sterility. Infection control. Patient protection. It's all the same thing. It's required and it's costly. However, we need to turn it into a positive aspect of our practices. The old marketing axiom still applies-you have to market your marketing! Stop viewing patient protection as just one more overhead expense and begin to use it as a benefit that can help prove how committed to your patients you are.
A Diastereoselective Metal-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Bis-enones (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Diastereoselective Metal-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Bis-enonesTae-Gon Baik, Ana Liza Luis, Long-Cheng Wang, and Michael J. KrischeView Author Information University of Texas at Austin Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Austin, Texas 78712 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 27, 6716–6717Publication Date (Web):June 16, 2001Publication History Received28 March 2001Published online16 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010800phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010800prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3414Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Catalysts,Cyclization,Group 14 compounds,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Rotor Core Eddy-Current Losses in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (2008)

This paper presents the results of an investigation focused on the rotor core eddy-current losses of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines. First, analytical insight into the rotor core eddy-current losses of IPM machines is developed. Next, major design parameters that have the most significant impact on the rotor core eddy-current losses of IPM machines are identified. Finite element analysis results are then presented to compare the predicted eddy-current losses in the machine core of IPM machines with one- and two-layer rotors coupled with concentrated- and distributed-winding stators. It is shown that the lowest total eddy-current losses in the machine core are achieved using a combination of distributed stator windings and two magnet layers per rotor pole, while minimizing only the rotor core eddy-current losses favors replacement of the rotor with a single-layer configuration.
Motion blur free HDR image acquisition using multiple exposures (2008)

The high dynamic range image (HDRI) acquisition method based on Markov random field model is proposed. By combining multiple exposure images shot with different shutter speed, we estimate the irradiance value for each pixel. Our method estimates displacements, occlusion and saturated regions, and by using them construct the motion blur free HDRI with higher quality than other existing methods.
Novel Approaches for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Biheterocyclic Dihydroimidazole Analogues (2002)

The solid-phase syntheses of dihydroimidazolyl 2-alkylthiobenzimidazoles, dihydroimidazolyl 2-alkylsulfonylbenzimidazoles, dihydroimidazolyl dihydroquinoxalin-2,3-diones, and dihydroimidazolyl dihydrobenzimidazol-2-imines are described. Following reduction of a resin-bound amino acid amide, the primary amine of the resulting resin-bound diamine was N-acylated with 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid. Treatment with POCl3 led to formation of a dihydroimidazole derivative via dehydrative cyclization. The resin-bound dihydroimidazole derivative was then used as the key starting material for the synthesis of the aforementioned biheterocycles. Following cleavage, the resulting compounds, obtained in moderate yield and good purity, were characterized by LC−MS and 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Multicode: a truly multilingual approach to text encoding (1997)

Unicode was designed to extend ASCII for encoding text in different languages, but it still has several important drawbacks. Multicode addresses many of Unicode's drawbacks and should have considerable appeal to programmers who work with text in a variety of languages. Its future, however, depends on the computer industry's acceptance. Multicode can represent Unicode files because it reserves a character set for Unicode. Converting Multicode to Unicode is also straightforward (although the opposite is not). Thus, both approaches can coexist-Multicode for programming ease and Unicode to support unified fonts.
A novel RNA-binding protein from Triturus carnifex identified by RNA-ligand screening with the newt hammerhead ribozyme (2000)

The newt hammerhead ribozyme is transcribed from Satellite 2 DNA, which consists of tandemly repeated units of 330 bp. However, different transcripts are synthesized in different tissues. In all somatic tissues and in testes, dimeric and multimeric RNA transcripts are generated which, to some extent, self-cleave into monomers at the hammerhead domain. In ovaries, primarily a distinct monomeric unit is formed by transcription, which retains an intact hammerhead self-cleavage site. The ovarian monomeric RNA associates to form a 12S complex with proteins that are poorly characterised so far. In this work we identified NORA, a protein that binds the ovarian form of the newt ribozyme. We show that the newt ribozyme binds to the Escherichia coli -expressed protein, as well as to a protein of identical size that is found exclusively in newt ovaries. Also NORA mRNA was detectable only in ovary, but in neither somatic tissues nor testes. The tissue-specific expression of NORA is analogous to the ovary-specific transcription of the newt ribozyme. Although NORA was identified by its ability to bind to the newt ribozyme in the presence of a vast excess of carrier RNA, it was able to interact with certain other RNA probes. This novel RNA-binding protein does not contain any motif characteristic for RNA-binding proteins or any other known protein domain, but it shares a striking similarity with a rat resiniferatoxin-binding protein.
On Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification for DSSS Systems in Low SNR Scenarios (2018)

Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) is an intrinsic hardware characteristic and has been employed for device identification. Its application in low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) has never been explored because its identification performance is greatly affected by the received signal quality. This letter proposes a novel RFF identification scheme for spread spectrum systems in low SNR scenarios. In the scheme, a signal preprocessing method, information data estimation-based stacking algorithm, is proposed, which leverages the repeated spreading sequences and stacks them together to eliminate the noise and interference effect. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve 98% identification rate when the received signal SNR is -15 dB and the length of spreading sequence is 1023.
Plasma defensin concentrations are elevated in patients with septicemia or bacterial meningitis. (1993)

We measured concentrations of defensins (human neutrophil peptides) in the plasma of healthy volunteers and patients with sepsis and meningitis. When a sensitive enzyme immunoassay was used, defensins were detected in plasma samples from 13 of 24 healthy blood donors, with a mean +/- SD of 42 +/- 53 ng/ml. Defensin levels in plasma samples from seven patients with sepsis at the onset of disease ranged from 900 ng/ml to 170,000 ng/ml. In 10 patients with meningitis in the initial phase of disease, plasma defensin concentrations ranged from 120 ng/ml to 910 ng/ml. Defensin concentrations in the plasma of both patient groups were significantly higher than those in healthy blood donors (p << 0.01), and patients with sepsis had higher defensin levels than patients with meningitis (p < 0.01). Defensin levels were significantly (p < 0.01) lower after the beginning of specific antibiotic therapy. Defensin concentrations in the plasma of patients with sepsis and meningitis correlated only weakly (r = 0.38) with blood neutrophil count. In vitro studies of defensin added to plasma indicated that all defensin was bound to plasma proteins. At high concentrations (1000 micrograms/ml), defensins caused precipitation of plasma proteins. Because plasma defensin levels may reflect neutrophil activation at sites of infection and inflammation, studies of the clinical utility of defensin ELISA are indicated.
Lyme disease: clinical features, classification, and epidemiology in the upper midwest. (1991)

Lyme disease can be classified using the terminology of syphilis. In this series of 95 cases from the upper midwest, early cases, defined as an illness of less than 2 months, were more likely to have lived in or recently visited a highly endemic area. Unlike late cases, early cases presented entirely in the nonwinter months (p less than .001). Early disease was further subdivided into primary and secondary disease. Ninety percent of primary and 43% of secondary cases had erythema migrans, while no late cases had active erythema migrans (p less than .001). Clinical manifestations of nonspecific inflammation, except for arthralgia, were more common in early than late disease (p less than .01). In secondary cases, monoarticular arthritis was slightly more common than polyarticular arthritis, with the reverse occurring in late disease (p less than .05). Indirect fluorescent antibody testing revealed a ratio of IgM to IgG antibodies to be helpful in distinguishing early from late disease. Antibacterial therapy in early, primary cases caused Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction 7% of the time. Despite longer and more frequent parenteral therapy, late Lyme disease frequently required retreatment, owing to poor clinical response (p less than .05).
Robust midsagittal plane extraction from normal and pathological 3-D neuroradiology images (2001)

This paper focuses on extracting the ideal midsagittal plane (iMSP) from three-dimensional (3-D) normal and pathological neuroimages. The main challenges in this work are the structural asymmetry that may exist in pathological brains, and the anisotropic, unevenly sampled image data that is common in clinical practice. We present an edge-based, cross-correlation approach that decomposes the plane fitting problem into discovery of two-dimensional symmetry axes on each slice, followed by a robust estimation of plane parameters. The algorithm's tolerance to brain asymmetries, input image offsets and image noise is quantitatively evaluated. We find that the algorithm can extract the iMSP from input 3-D images with 1) large asymmetrical lesions; 2) arbitrary initial rotation offsets; 3) low signal-to-noise ratio or high bias field. The iMSP algorithm is compared with an approach based on maximization of mutual information registration, and is found to exhibit superior performance under adverse conditions. Finally, no statistically significant difference is found between the midsagittal plane computed by the iMSP algorithm and that estimated by two trained neuroradiologists.
Newly established uterine cervical cancer cell line (SKG-III) with Regan isoenzyme, human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein phenotypes. (1983)

The production of Regan isoenzyme (heat-stable, L-phenylalanine-sensitive term-placental alkaline phosphatase), human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit, and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein by newly characterized human uterine cervical cancer cell lines, SKG-IIIa and SKG-IIIb, is reported. These cell lines were derived from a moderately differentiated epidermoid cancer partially mixed with epidermoid clear-cell components. At the end of the first 4 months in culture 2 sublines with different morphologies were identified. In nude mice, SKG-IIIa produce clear-cell epidermoid cancer with much glycogen, while SKG-IIIb grew as a moderately differentiated epidermoid cancer rich in tonofilaments. The presence of Regan isoenzyme was established by biochemistry, enzyme cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and immunoelectrophoresis. However, the copresence of small amounts of early placental alkaline phosphatase was also demonstrated. The alkaline phosphatase specific activities of SKG-IIIa cells and SKG-IIIb cells were 3.7 and 1.4 nmol per mg protein per min, respectively. The existence was proven by radioimmunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (SKG-IIIa, 5.0 mlU/mg protein; SKG-IIIb, 4.4 mlU/mg protein), pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SKG-IIIa, 0.7 ng/mg protein) in the culture media as a tumor cell product. The described cell lines may serve as a more representative model system for studies of regulation of oncodevelopmental genes in gynecological tumors in general and in epidermoid cervical cancer in particular.
The dual wavelength Bi-vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (1999)

We present a monolithically integrated vertical coupled cavity surface-emitting laser diode which exhibits stable laser emission at two design wavelengths simultaneously. The device consists of two slightly asymmetric coupled vertical cavities containing strained InGaAs quantum wells as the gain media. The shorter cavity is pumped electrically. Lasing starts on the short wavelength mode at 927 nm. The laser emission then acts as an optical pump for the quantum wells in the longer cavity and provides additional gain for the long wavelength mode, resulting in a subsequent laser emission at 955 nm. With increasing injection current, the device maintains stable emission at the two wavelengths. The threshold for dual lasing is 4 kA/cm2 and dual lasing is stable over six times the threshold.