gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ketamine, but not MK-801, produces antidepressant-like effects in rats responding on a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate operant schedule (2013)

The noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has been shown to produce rapid and lasting antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder and in preclinical behavioral assays. The present study sought to extend the preclinical antidepressant-like effects of ketamine using the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72 s operant task in rats, as well as to determine whether the more selective and higher affinity NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 produced antidepressant-like effects similar to those of ketamine. Ketamine, the NMDA receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartic acid, the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine all produced antidepressant-like effects by increasing the number of reinforcers, decreasing the number of responses, and producing a rightward shift in the peak location of the inter-response time distributions. Conversely, MK-801 and the dopamine receptor agonist D-amphetamine produced a psychostimulant-like effect by decreasing the number of reinforcers, increasing the number of responses, and producing a leftward shift in the peak location of the inter-response time distributions. Although a subeffective dose of ketamine attenuated the antidepressant-like effects of NMDA, a subeffective dose of NMDA did not alter the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine. These data indicate that ketamine and MK-801 produced dissociable effects in the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72 s task, and further suggest that the underlying mechanisms responsible for the antidepressant effects of ketamine may be unique to ketamine and not shared by all NMDA receptor antagonists.
Type synthesis and kinematics of a modular variable geometry truss mechanism for aircraft wing morphing (2009)

Recently there has been a trend in developing morphing airborne structures to positively affect the aerodynamics, flight performance and stability of aircraft, and act as replacements for control surfaces. Most wing level morphing projects focus on variable sweep, dihedral, wing twist or span, but very few combine more than one of these morphing methodologies to achieve greater morphing functionality. Also the methods used for actuation differ significantly from one morphing method to the next. Presented is the type synthesis of a modular variable geometry truss mechanism for aircraft wing morphing. Each truss module resembles a Gough-Stewart platform which is augmented with a central leg. The structural truss members are replaced with active and passive prismatic joints to achieve 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-DOF morphing for individual or simultaneous wing sweep, dihedral, twist and span. Kinematic requirements are outlined for each truss module and are related to the architecture of the central leg. The wings of a robotic bird are modelled as an example of the modular VGTM morphing wing.
Histomonosis in poultry: previous and current strategies for prevention and therapy (2016)

Histomonosis is a parasitic disease of poultry with worldwide prevalence. The disease can cause morbidity and mortality in chicken and turkey flocks entailing severe economic losses. In the first half of the last century, there was a high demand to control histomonosis as the turkey industry was severely affected by the disease. Consequently, numerous chemical compounds were tested for their efficacy against Histomonas meleagridis with varying outcomes, that are summarized and specified in this review. At the same time, preliminary attempts to protect birds with cultured histomonads indicated the possibility of vaccination. Several years ago antihistomonal drugs were banned in countries with tight regulations on pharmaceuticals in order to comply with the demand of consumer protection. As a consequence, outbreaks of histomonosis in poultry flocks increased and the disease became endemic again. New approaches to prevent and treat histomonosis are, therefore, needed and recently performed studies focused on various areas to combat the disease, from alternative chemotherapeutic substances to plant-derived compounds until vaccination, altogether reviewed here. Considering existing regulations and the overall outcome of experimental studies, it can be concluded that vaccination is very promising, despite the fact that various challenges need to be addressed until the first ever developed vaccine based upon live flagellates in human or bird medicine can be marketed.
Red Cell Indices (1990)

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were first introduced by Wintrobe in 1929 to define the size (MCV) and hemoglobin content (MCH, MCHC) of red blood cells. Termed red cell indices, these values are useful in elucidating the etiology of anemias. Red cell indices can be calculated if the values of hemoglobin, hematocrit (packed cell volume), and red blood cell count are known. With the general availability of electronic cell counters, red cell indices are now automatically measured in all blood count determinations.Variation in the size of red cells (anisocytosis) can be quantified and expressed as red cell distribution width (RDW) or as red cell morphology index. The RDW is more widely available and is discussed in this chapter. The size distribution of a population of cells is graphically represented by the red cell histograms (Price–Jones curves) (see Figure 152.1). Similar histograms are also available for white blood cells and platelets.MCV defines the size of the red blood cells and is expressed as femtoliters (10−15; fl) or as cubic microns (μm3). The normal values for MCV are 87 ± 7 fl.MCH quantifies the amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell. The normal values for MCH are 29 ± 2 picograms (pg) per cell.MCHC indicates the amount of hemoglobin per unit volume. In contrast to MCH, MCHC correlates the hemoglobin content with the volume of the cell. It is expressed as g/dl of red blood cells or as a percentage value. The normal values for MCHC are 34 ± 2 g/dl.RDW represents the coefficient of variation of the red blood cell volume distribution (size) and is expressed as a percentage. The normal value for RDW is 13 ± 1.5%.
Morphometric Study of the Proximal Femur Extremity in Brazilians (2010)

Brazilian populational aging besides higher life expectancy has increased the incidence of proximal femoral fractures. Treatment of those fractures uses implants which are based in measurements performed in caucasians, including the 135 degrees cervical-diaphyseal angle. Knowing femoral morphometry allows evaluating implants adequability. We performed our study using 110 Brazilian human femurs (49 right and 61 left). We excluded from the study: bones submitted to osteosyntesis, to prosthetization or those showing abnormalities or malformations which could affect its structure and shape. Bones were submitted to roetgenographic analysis and the images were scanned and transferred to personal computer. Measurements were obtained by AutoCad software and statistics by Graph Pad Instat software. Our data were compared using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and "t-test". The following parameters were evaluated: femoral head diameter (FHD), femoral neck length (FNL), femoral neck width (FNW), femoral axis length (FAL), off-set (OS) and cervicaldiaphyseal angle (CDA). The findings were as follows (mean SD), right and left sides respectively: FHD, 31.1 2.7 mm and 30.8 3.0 mm; FNL, 30.1 4.3 mm and 30.5 4.1mm; FNW, 30.96 2.94 mm; FAL, 98.2 5.9 mm and 97.4 7.13 mm; OS, 42.6 6.1 mm and 42.0 5.6 mm; CDA, 132.0 7.2 e 131.8 5.2. Median cervical-diaphyseal angle, obtained in this study presented some variation, which was not statistically significant. Linear data are constant, according to other studies, except the off-set, which has varied.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Inverse Electron Demand Diels—Alder Reactions of 3‐Methoxy‐6‐methylthio‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Study on electromagnetic welding. Report 5. Flow stress, collision velocity and collision acceleration in electromagnetic welding. (1989)

Electromagnetic welding is classified as a high energy rate welding, and hence, the feasibility of this welding depends, in principle, on the velocity of flying body at the time of collision, as experienced well in the case of explosive welding. The authors pointed out in this paper that its acceleration could be an important factor in this welding, as well as its velocity. The deformation test under a high velocity on the aluminum tube and the welding test on the joint of tube and core brought the following conclusions.(1) Under the high strain rate condition of electromagnetic welding, the increment of flow stress caused by the strain rate hardening should be accounted, other than that by the strain hardening, because the former increased very significantly with increasing the strain rate.(2) Both the velocity and acceleration of flying tube controlled the feasibility of welding; the larger the acceleration was, the smaller became the velocity required for obtaining the welding joint.(3) The result of (2) suggested that the welding was performed when the sum of the kinematic energy and strain energy given by the pressure at collision reached a critical value.
High Coverages of Hydrogen on a (10,0) Carbon Nanotube (2001)

The binding energy of H to a (10,0) carbon nanotube is calculated at 24, 50, and 100% coverage using the AM1 and ONIOM approaches. Several different bonding configurations are considered for the 50% coverage case. Using the ONIOM approach, the average C−H bond energy for the most stable 50% coverage and for the 100% coverage are 57.3 and 38.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Considering the size of the bond energy of H2, these values suggest that it will be difficult to achieve 100% atomic H coverage on a (10,0) nanotube. The 50% coverage, which appears favorable, corresponds to about 4% by weight storage of H.
Fusing Transformer Model with Temporal Features for ECG Heartbeat Classification (2019)

ECG heartbeat classification plays a vital role in diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia. Traditional heartbeat classification methods rely on handcrafted features and often fail to learn potentially abstract patterns, while current deep learning based methods usually consist of complex convolutional and recursive structures. In this paper, considering the time sequence property of ECG signals, we propose a novel heartbeat classification method based on Transformer, a sequence-to-sequence model with a relatively simple architecture and higher degree of parallelism. To adapt Transformer to our problem, we use only the encoder part of the model for that ECG signals do not have translation signals. We also replace the dropout layers with batch normalization layers, considering our small-size feature space and the natural differences among patients. Further, we fuse handcrafted temporal features with the features learnt by Transformer to better capture rhythmic patterns in ECG signals. We have conducted extensive experiments on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database using both the original dataset and an augmented dataset with more balanced data. The results show that our model can achieve 99.62% accuracy, 95.09% precision and 94.12% sensitivity on the original dataset and 99.87% accuracy, 99.74% precision and 99.74% sensitivity on the augmented dataset. Besides, we have performed multiple experiments against state-of-the-art methods using their assessment strategies. Experimental results indicate that our model can achieve better performance under most circumstances.
DNA Adenine Methylase Overproduction in <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> Alters YopE Expression and Secretion and Host Immune Responses to Infection (2002)

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis mutants that overproduce the DNA adenine methylase (Dam) are highly attenuated, confer fully protective immune responses, and secrete several Yersinia virulence proteins (Yersinia outer proteins [Yops]) under conditions that are nonpermissive for secretion in wild-type strains. We examined here the effects of Dam overproduction on Yersinia virulence determinant expression and secretion, as well as the host immune response to Yersinia antigens. Western blot analysis with convalescent antisera identified several low-calcium-responsive antigens whose synthesis was affected by Dam overproduction. One of these antigens was shown to be the type III secretion effector protein, YopE, a cytotoxin involved in antiphagocytosis. Dam overproduction disrupted both the thermal and calcium regulation of YopE synthesis and relaxed the thermal but not the calcium dependence of YopE secretion. Altered expression and/or secretion of Yersinia proteins in Dam-overproducing strains may contribute to the decreased virulence and heightened immunity observed in vaccinated hosts and may provide a means by which to deliver heterologous antigens and/or immune modulators of the inflammatory response.
Approximate encoded permutations and piecewise quantum adders (2019)

We present a paradigm for constructing approximate quantum circuits from reversible classical circuits that operate on many possible encodings of an input and send almost all encodings of that input to an encoding of the correct output. We introduce oblivious carry runways, which use piecewise addition circuits to perform approximate encoded additions and reduce the asymptotic depth of addition to $O(\lg \lg n)$. We show that the coset representation of modular integers (Zalka 2006) is an approximate encoded modular addition, and that it can be used in combination with oblivious carry runways. We prove error bounds on these approximate representations, and use them to construct 2s-complement adders and modular adders with lower costs than in previous work at register sizes relevant in practice.
Oxidative Stress and Lectin-Like Ox-LDL-Receptor LOX-1 in Atherogenesis and Tumorigenesis (2011)

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) has been identified as a major receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in endothelial cells, monocytes, platelets, cardiomyocytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Its expression is minimal under physiological conditions but can be induced under pathological conditions. The upregulation of LOX-1 by ox-LDL appears to be important for physiologic processes, such as endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endothelium remodeling. Pathophysiologic effects of ox-LDL in atherogenesis have also been firmly established, including endothelial cell dysfunction, smooth muscle cell growth and migration, monocyte transformation into macrophages, and finally platelet aggregation-seen in atherogenesis. Recent studies show a positive correlation between increased serum ox-LDL levels and an increased risk of colon, breast, and ovarian cancer. As in atherosclerosis, ox-LDL and its receptor LOX-1 activate the inflammatory pathway through nuclear factor-kappa B, leading to cell transformation. LOX-1 is important for maintaining the transformed state in developmentally diverse cancer cell lines and for tumor growth, suggesting a molecular connection between atherogenesis and tumorigenesis.
The Lower Incisor Bonded Retainer in Clinical Practice: A Three Year Study (1981)

A technique of locating a lower incisor bonded retainer is demonstrated. The technique was used in 46 selected cases over a period of 3 years, the retainer coming adrift in nine cases. The main problem found was plaque control and the retainer did not prevent axial inclination changes of the lower incisors. The use of rectangular ribbon arch wire is recommended for the control of corrected rotations.
The Power of Story (2013)

When I was born, my father ran out of the hospital and headed straight for his suburban garden on the outskirts of Seattle. I assume he gave me a decent welcome into the world, a beaming smile, a little male-style coo of some kind, and a brief holding of my sturdy little newborn body. But he had a special job to do. It was April. His garden was on his mind, and he didn't want to waste a minute.KeywordsLife StoryIndian LandFlip ChartTask Force MemberCounty OfficialThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A New <i>S</i> = 0 ⇄ <i>S</i> = 2 “Spin-Crossover” Scenario Found in a Nickel(II) Bis(nitroxide) System (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA New S = 0 ⇄ S = 2 “Spin-Crossover” Scenario Found in a Nickel(II) Bis(nitroxide) SystemYuta HommaYuta HommaDepartment of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, JapanMore by Yuta Homma and Takayuki Ishida*Takayuki IshidaDepartment of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan*E-mail: [email protected]More by Takayuki Ishidahttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9088-2526Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2018, 30, 6, 1835–1838Publication Date (Web):January 10, 2018Publication History Received27 December 2017Published online10 January 2018Published inissue 27 March 2018https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b05357Copyright © 2018 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1033Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Exchange coupling,Mathematical methods,Molecules,Phase transitions,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
Selection of autophagy or apoptosis in cells exposed to ER-stress depends on ATF4 expression pattern with or without CHOP expression (2013)

Cells exposed to ER-stress undergo the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to avoid apoptosis, but may also activate autophagy. However, the signal for selection of one of these two protective responses is unknown. To clarify the key switch between autophagy and apoptosis, we examined the correlation of UPR-related signals with autophagy and/or apoptosis inductions in HepG2 cells exposed to three ER-stress inducers (NaF, tunicamycin, and thapsigargin) with time, including the effect of small interfering RNA on the cell responses. Thapsigargin-induced ER-stress caused only apoptosis after ∼2 hr with Ire1 phosphorylation, and Grp78, ATF4, and CHOP expressions. On the other hand, NaF- and tunicamycin-induced ER-stress caused only autophagy in the early stage by ∼8 hr with ATF4 expression and without CHOP expression. ATF4-siRNA completely inhibited the autophagy induced by NaF or tunicamycin with suppressed ATF4 protein and mRNA expressions, and also inhibited apoptosis by thapsigargin with suppression of both ATF4 and CHOP. CHOP-siRNA had no effect on autophagy activation by NaF and tunicamycin. On the other hand, CHOP-siRNA activated autophagy in thapsigargin-induced ER-stress with significant ATF4 expression, and suppressed apoptosis with CHOP suppression. These results showed that ATF4 is the key signal for autophagy induced by ER-stress, and that autophagy is switched to apoptosis by subsequent CHOP upregulation, suggesting that the changeover switch between autophagy and apoptosis is located between ATF4 to CHOP in the PERK pathway.
Functional Interactions between Sphingolipids and Sterols in Biological Membranes Regulating Cell Physiology (2009)

Sterols and sphingolipids are limited to eukaryotic cells, and their interaction has been proposed to favor formation of lipid microdomains. Although there is abundant biophysical evidence demonstrating their interaction in simple systems, convincing evidence is lacking to show that they function together in cells. Using lipid analysis by mass spectrometry and a genetic approach on mutants in sterol metabolism, we show that cells adjust their membrane composition in response to mutant sterol structures preferentially by changing their sphingolipid composition. Systematic combination of mutations in sterol biosynthesis with mutants in sphingolipid hydroxylation and head group turnover give a large number of synthetic and suppression phenotypes. Our unbiased approach provides compelling evidence that sterols and sphingolipids function together in cells. We were not able to correlate any cellular phenotype we measured with plasma membrane fluidity as measured using fluorescence anisotropy. This questions whether the increase in liquid order phases that can be induced by sterol-sphingolipid interactions plays an important role in cells. Our data revealing that cells have a mechanism to sense the quality of their membrane sterol composition has led us to suggest that proteins might recognize sterol-sphingolipid complexes and to hypothesize the coevolution of sterols and sphingolipids.
WLAN Fingerprint Indoor Positioning Strategy Based on Implicit Crowdsourcing and Semi-Supervised Learning (2017)

Wireless local area network (WLAN) fingerprint positioning is an indoor localization technique with high accuracy and low hardware requirements. However, collecting received signal strength (RSS) samples for the fingerprint database is time-consuming and labor-intensive, hindering the use of this technique. The popular crowdsourcing sampling technique has been introduced to reduce the workload of sample collection, but has two challenges: one is the heterogeneity of devices, which can significantly affect the positioning accuracy; the other is the requirement of users’ intervention in traditional crowdsourcing, which reduces the practicality of the system. In response to these challenges, we have proposed a new WLAN indoor positioning strategy, which incorporates a new preprocessing method for RSS samples, the implicit crowdsourcing sampling technique, and a semi-supervised learning algorithm. First, implicit crowdsourcing does not require users’ intervention. The acquisition program silently collects unlabeled samples, the RSS samples, without information about the position. Secondly, to cope with the heterogeneity of devices, the preprocessing method maps all the RSS values of samples to a uniform range and discretizes them. Finally, by using a large number of unlabeled samples with some labeled samples, Co-Forest, the introduced semi-supervised learning algorithm, creates and repeatedly refines a random forest ensemble classifier that performs well for location estimation. The results of experiments conducted in a real indoor environment show that the proposed strategy reduces the demand for large quantities of labeled samples and achieves good positioning accuracy.