gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I/II Study of Stem-Cell Transplantation Using a Single Cord Blood Unit Expanded Ex Vivo With Nicotinamide (2018)

UCB expanded ex vivo with nicotinamide shortens median neutrophil recovery by 9.5 days (95% CI, 7 to 12 days) and median platelet recovery by 12 days (95% CI, 3 to 16.5 days). This trial establishes feasibility, safety, and efficacy of an ex vivo expanded UCB unit as a stand-alone graft.
A simple nonlinear model for the optical recording channel (2002)

This study is concerned with the development of a simple yet sufficiently accurate model for the replay signal in optical discs. A method is proposed which models data storage (the write channel) as a nonlinear process and data retrieval (the read channel) as a linear one. The result is a low-complexity nonlinear model, of which the linear binary-PAM model is a special case. The performance of the proposed model is demonstrated by application to experimentally measured DVD data, and is found to be both accurate as well as robust to different recording media and conditions.
Chemical composition of discovered and undiscovered natural gas in the United States, 1993 update. Volume 1. Project summary. Topical report, November 1, 1992-December 30, 1993 (1993)

The Gas Research Institute (GRI) gas composition database of the U.S. Lower-48 has been updated with additional gas composition data and new gas resources. This database, originally developed in 1990, allows analysis of the wellhead gas composition of Lower-48 reserves, annual production, and undiscovered resources. The database consists of a non-associated gas file containing 418 formation/basin records, and an associated/dissolved file containing 47 region/depth records. Each record contains both gas composition and gas resource information. The database report reserves as of 12/31/91 and 1991 annual production. Undiscovered natural gas resources are those used in the 1993 GRI Baseline projection.
Optimal zigzag (OZ): an effective yet feasible power-gating scheme achieving two orders of magnitude lower standby leakage (2005)

An effective yet easy-to-implement power-gating scheme is proposed to reduce leakage by two orders of magnitude. Proposed optimal zigzag ("OZ scheme") utilizes optimal combination of input-phase-forcing (IPF) and zigzag cut-off CMOS on critical paths, while uses high-V/sub TH/ cells on noncritical paths. Various low-leakage design alternatives including dual-V/sub TH/, off-off stacking, MTCMOS, and selective MTCMOS are compared with the proposed OZ scheme in terms of delay, leakage power, and area. With 65-nanometer technology and ten typical benchmark circuits, the OZ scheme has been shown to achieve 70% less leakage, 9.4% faster speed, and 37% smaller area than selective MTCMOS which is the most widely used power-gating approach to date.
Random Load Analysis as a Link Between Operational Stress Measurement and Fatigue Life Assessment (1979)

All relevant methods for the description of measured stress-time histories in connection with fatigue life assessment are reviewed critically, that is, one- and two- parameter counting methods as well as analyses in the time and frequency domains.
Synthesis of Indeno[1,2-b]phenanthrene-Type Heterocycles by Cycloaromatization of Acyclic Non-conjugated Benzotetraynes (2001)

A novel and simple procedure for the preparation of 6-oxa-, 6-thia-, and 6-azaindeno [1,2-b]phenanthrenes (4) by thermal cycloaromatization of acyclic non-conjugated benzotetraynes (3) is described.The chemistry and biological activity of enediyne antitumor antibiotics continue to attract widespread attention in the scientific community. 1 In an extension of our research in this area, we synthesized new acyclic nonconjugated benzotetraynes (1) which undergo thermal cycloaromatization at room temperature to yield a fluorenol skeleton (2). 2 We now have successfully extended the reaction to the preparation of indeno[1,2-b]phenanthrene-type heterocycles from acyclic non-conjugated benzotetraynes.We herein describe a novel and simple procedure for the preparation of 6-oxa-, 6-thia-, and 6-azaindeno[1,2-b]phenanthrenes (4) by thermal cycloaromatization of non-conjugated benzotetraynes (3) (Scheme 1). S ynthes isof 6-oxa-, 6-thia-and 6-azaindeno[1, 2-b]phenanthrenes (4).Thermal cycloaromatization of 3 .Thermolys is of 3a (50 mM) in dry benzene w as carried out at 25 ˚C for 72 h in the dark under argon Q Q=O; 5,12-Dihydro-6-oxaindeno[1,2-b]phenanthrene Q=S; 5,12-Dihydro-6-thiaindeno[1,2-b]phenanthrene
A Novel αIIbβ3 Antagonist from Snake Venom Prevents Thrombosis without Causing Bleeding (2019)

Life-threatening thrombocytopenia and bleeding, common side effects of clinically available α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> antagonists, are associated with the induction of ligand-induced integrin conformational changes and exposure of ligand-induced binding sites (LIBSs). To address this issue, we examined intrinsic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of purified disintegrins, from <i>Protobothrops flavoviridis</i> venom (i.e., <i>Trimeresurus flavoviridis</i>), TFV-1 and TFV-3 with distinctly different pro-hemorrhagic tendencies. TFV-1 with a different α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> binding epitope from that of TFV-3 and chimeric 7 × 10<sup>3</sup> Fab, i.e., Abciximab, decelerates α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> ligation without causing a conformational change in α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub>, as determined with the LIBS antibody, AP5, and the mimetic, drug-dependent antibody (DDAb), AP2, an inhibitory monoclonal antibody raised against α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub>. Consistent with their different binding epitopes, a combination of TFV-1 and AP2 did not induce FcγRIIa-mediated activation of the ITAM-Syk-PLCγ2 pathway and platelet aggregation, in contrast to the clinical antithrombotics, abciximab, eptifibatide, and disintegrin TFV-3. Furthermore, TFV-1 selectively inhibits Gα<sub>13</sub>-mediated platelet aggregation without affecting talin-driven clot firmness, which is responsible for physiological hemostatic processes. At equally efficacious antithrombotic dosages, TFV-1 caused neither severe thrombocytopenia nor bleeding in FcγRIIa-transgenic mice. Likewise, it did not induce hypocoagulation in human whole blood in the rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) assay used in perioperative situations. In contrast, TFV-3 and eptifibatide exhibited all of these hemostatic effects. Thus, the α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> antagonist, TFV-1, efficaciously prevents arterial thrombosis without adversely affecting hemostasis.
Locus of Enterocyte Effacement from <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> : Sequence Analysis and Evidence for Horizontal Transfer among Attaching and Effacing Pathogens (2001)

The family of attaching and effacing (A/E) bacterial pathogens, which includes diarrheagenic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), remains a significant threat to human and animal health. These bacteria intimately attach to host intestinal cells, causing the effacement of brush border microvilli. The genes responsible for this phenotype are encoded in a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). Citrobacter rodentium is the only known murine A/E pathogen and serves as a small animal model for EPEC and EHEC infections. Here we report the full DNA sequence of C. rodentium LEE and provide a comparative analysis with the published LEEs from EPEC, EHEC, and the rabbit diarrheagenic E. coli strain RDEC-1. Although C. rodentium LEE shows high similarities throughout the entire sequence and shares all 41 open reading frames with the LEE from EPEC, EHEC, and RDEC-1, it is unique in its location of the rorf1 and rorf2/espG genes and the presence of several insertion sequences (IS) and IS remnants. The LEE of EPEC and EHEC is inserted into the selC tRNA gene. In contrast, the Citrobacter LEE is flanked on one side by an operon encoding an ABC transport system, and an IS element and sequences homologous to Shigella plasmid R100 and EHEC pO157 flank the other. The presence of plasmid sequences next to C. rodentium LEE suggests that the prototype LEE resided on a horizontally transferable plasmid. Additional sequence analysis reveals that the 3-kb plasmid in C. rodentium is nearly identical to p9705 in EHEC O157:H7, suggesting that horizontal plasmid transfer among A/E pathogens has occurred. Our results indicate that the LEE has been acquired by C. rodentium and A/E E. coli strains independently during evolution.
Attenuation of Quorum Sensing Regulated Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum through an AHL Lactonase Produced by Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 (2016)

Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism in which Gram negative bacterial pathogens sense their population density through acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) and regulate the expression of virulence factors. Enzymatic degradation of AHLs by lactonases, known as quorum quenching (QQ), is thus a potential strategy for attenuating QS regulated bacterial infections. We characterised the QQ activity of soil isolate Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 and explored its potential for controlling bacterial soft rot of crop plants. Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 inactivated AHL, which could be restored upon acidification, suggested that inactivation was due to the lactone ring hydrolysis of AHL. Heterologous expression of cloned gene for putative hydrolase (792 bp) designated adeH from Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 produced a ~29 kDa protein which degraded AHLs of varying chain length. Mass spectrometry analysis of AdeH enzymatic reaction product revealed that AdeH hydrolyses the lactone ring of AHL and hence is an AHL lactonase. Multiple sequence alignment of the amino acid sequence of AdeH showed that it belongs to the metallo- β- lactamase superfamily, has a conserved "HXHXDH" motif typical of AHL lactonases. KM for AdeH for C6HSL was found to be 3.089 μM and the specific activity was 0.8 picomol min-1μg-1. AdeH has not so far been reported from any Lysinibacillus sp. and has less than 40% identity with known AHL lactonases. Finally we found that Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 can degrade AHL produced by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), a common cause of soft rot. This QQ activity causes a decrease in production of plant cell wall degrading enzymes of Pcc and attenuates symptoms of soft rot in experimental infection of potato, carrot and cucumber. Our results demonstrate the potential of Lysinibacillus sp. Gs50 as a preventive and curative biocontrol agent.
Résumé (1992)

Cet ouvrage est issu d’une thèse de doctorat soutenue à l’université d’Edimbourg en 1983. Les chapitres 1 et 2 situent la période qui fait l’objet principal de la recherche, le second âge du Fer, dans son contexte. Les études qui concernent l’archéologie des habitats et plus particulièrement l’évolution politique des deux derniers siècles avant J.‑ C. sont analysées. On démontre que les synthèses publiées sur cette période dépassent souvent les données sur lesquelles elles sont fondées ; auss...
Synaptic transmission block by presynaptic injection of oligomeric amyloid beta (2009)

Early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is characterized by synaptic changes induced by degradation products of amyloid precursor protein (APP). The exact mechanisms of such modulation are unknown. Here, we report that nanomolar concentrations of intraaxonal oligomeric (o)Abeta42, but not oAbeta40 or extracellular oAbeta42, acutely inhibited synaptic transmission at the squid giant synapse. Further characterization of this phenotype demonstrated that presynaptic calcium currents were unaffected. However, electron microscopy experiments revealed diminished docked synaptic vesicles in oAbeta42-microinjected terminals, without affecting clathrin-coated vesicles. The molecular events of this modulation involved casein kinase 2 and the synaptic vesicle rapid endocytosis pathway. These findings open the possibility of a new therapeutic target aimed at ameliorating synaptic dysfunction in AD.
Synergism of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller <i>Choristoneura rosaceana</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (2004)

The interactions between six insecticides (indoxacarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, tebufenozide and chlorfenapyr) and three potential synergists, (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM)) were studied by dietary exposure in a multi-resistant and a susceptible strain of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The synergists did not produce appreciable synergism with most of the insecticides in the susceptible strain. Except for tebufenozide, PBO synergized all the insecticides to varying degrees in the resistant strain. A very high level of synergism by PBO was found with indoxacarb, which reduced the resistance level from 705- to 20-fold when PBO was administered alone and to around 10-fold when used in combination with DEF. DEF also synergized indoxacarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl and tebufenozide in the resistant strain. DEM produced synergism of indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr in the resistant strain. DEM was highly synergistic to cypermethrin, and to some extent to tebufenozide in both the susceptible and resistant strains equally, implying that detoxification by glutathione S-transferases was not a mechanism of resistance for these insecticides. The high level of synergism seen with DEM in the case of cypermethrin may be due to an increase in oxidative stress resulting from the removal of the antioxidant, glutathione. These studies indicate that enhanced detoxification, often mediated by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, but with probable esterase and glutathione S-transferase contributions in some cases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in C. rosaceana.
Statistical Model for a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis and its Application to Computer Fault-Tracing (1978)

This paper presents a mathematical model of a general statistical approach to a system Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). It describes, in particular, the FMEA theory itself, and its application to computer fault-tracing, using a Markov model. The theory yields both a reliability table showing system failure-state probabilities, and a criticality table identifying probable causes of system failure. Computer fault-tracing is implemented by using Markov chains to generate system output-state conditional probabilities. Feedback loop effects are eliminated by using Markov recursive relations for absorption probabilities. This statistical FMEA technique examines individual outputs on every individual component to determine statistically its critical impact on every system output. The fault tracing required is done by computer processing and is exhaustive. The reliability analyst is not required to make any intultive assumptions or simplifications on the complexity of the system block diagram or the effects of feedback loops, and the analyst does not have to decide which components should be examined for criticality. Instead, the analyst's work is shifted to understanding how each component works and relating this understanding to the FMEA technique.
The Clinical Efficacy of Oral Levodopa Methyl Ester Solution in Reversing Afternoon “Off” Periods in Parkinsonʼs Disease (1991)

We compared the efficacy of a single dose of an oral solution of levodopa methyl ester (ME) to that of standard levodopa, in the form of a single dose of Madopar, in reversing afternoon "off" periods in 12 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The highly soluble ME solution led to a significantly more rapid reversal of "off" periods. This preparation may therefore convey a clinical advantage in patients experiencing motor fluctuations whilst taking multiple daily dosages of levodopa, particularly in those with long or highly variable latency to the next "on" period.
Regional optic nerve blood flow and its autoregulation. (1983)

An autoradiographic method (14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography) was used to measure regional optic nerve blood flow (ONBF) under basal conditions in 11 adult female cats. Flow was measured in six regions of the optic nerve: (1) prelaminar, (2) laminar, (3) 1 mm post-laminar, (4) 4 mm post-laminar, (5) 6 mm post-laminar, and (6) intracranial optic nerve and chiasm. A gradient of flow rates was found with relatively high flow in the prelaminar, laminar, and 1-mm post-laminar optic nerve, and significantly lower flow in the 4- and 6-mm post-laminar nerve and in the intracranial optic nerve and chiasm. Blood flow in the 4- and 6-mm post-laminar nerve and in the intracranial nerve and chiasm was comparable to previously reported values for cerebral white matter in the cat. With alteration of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), optic nerve blood flow demonstrated autoregulatory compensation in all areas.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUDIENCE ENGAGEMENT AND THE ABILITY TO PERCEIVE PITCH, TIMBRE, AZIMUTH AND ENVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE SOURCES (2023)

It is well known in psychology that sounds perceived as close to a listener engage our attention, while more distant sounds can be ignored. But the physical properties of sound that lead to engagement are poorly understood. The phenomenon is well known by directors of cinema and drama, who demand that theatres and sound systems have high presence, and not just adequate intelligibility. This is achieved by bringing the audience close to the performers, attenuating both early and late reflections, and using highly directional loudspeakers for cinema. When sounds are perceived as distant it is not just engagement that suffers. Precise localization of instruments in ensembles becomes impossible, and instrumental voices – distinct in a historic hall – become blended into mere harmonies. Historic concert venues tended to be small, with sound absorbing stages and audience areas. Sonic intimacy and clarity of musical lines was taken for granted. But the physical properties that make a sound seem close to a listener are poorly understood, and there is no current acoustic measure for specifying the type of clarity that provokes audience attention. An overly reverberant, “well blended” sound has become the design goal for modern chamber music and orchestral venues, even though a few great halls demonstrate that it is possible to have both clarity and reverberation at the same time over a wide range of seats. This paper describes the physics of sound that provides engagement, and how reflections interact to reduce it. An impulse response based measure for engagement is described, along with a means of determining the degree of engagement from live recordings of speech. Time and equipment permitting, the author will demonstrate that the right combination of direct sound and reflections can provide engagement, localization, reverberation, and envelopment at the same time. The improvement in sound quality is dramatic.
Ultraporous nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub>-based films: synthesis, patterning and application as anti-reflective, self-cleaning, superhydrophilic coatings (2015)

Crack-free, anatase-based optical coatings with a refractive index down to 1.27, a porosity up to 80 vol%, and a tunable thickness up to 1.5 μm were fabricated. The extraordinary stability of the porosity upon thermally induced crystallisation and template removal was attributed to the combined effects of the presence of 10% molar silica in the inorganic phase, a flash treatment at 500 °C, and the use of templates with different dimensions ranging from a few nanometers to 50 nm. The hierarchical porous system was directly patterned by UV lithography and used as multifunctional anti-reflective, self-cleaning coatings.
Flow and flow orientation of composites containing anisometric particles (1986)

Abstract There is a growing commercial and academic interest in polymeric composites filled with short fibers and/or glass or mica flakes. Here, the properties depend strongly on the flow induced morphology and on the distribution of residual stresses. To optimize processing and properties, it is important to know both the melt rheology and the orientation of the dispersed phase. The industrial formulations are notoriously very complex. However, it is possible to understand, and sometimes predict, their behavior by a systematic comparison with simpler, better known systems, i.e., suspensions. This review concentrates on two main aspects of flow of polymer melts containing anisometric particles, namely yield phenomena and orientation.
Blueshift of yellow luminescence band in self-ion-implanted n-GaN nanowire (2004)

Optical photoluminescence studies are performed in self-ion (Ga+)-implanted nominally doped n-GaN nanowires. A 50 keV Ga+ focused ion beam in the fluence range of 1×1014–2×1016 ions cm−2 is used for the irradiation process. A blueshift is observed for the yellow luminescence (YL) band with increasing fluence. Donor–acceptor pair model with emission involving shallow donor introduced by point-defect clusters related to nitrogen vacancies and probable deep acceptor created by gallium interstitial clusters is responsible for the shift. High-temperature annealing in nitrogen ambient restores the peak position of YL band by removing nitrogen vacancies.
DFT-Spread OFDM for Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation (2010)

We study the transmission performance of the recently proposed multiband discrete-Fourier-transform spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MB-DFT-S-OFDM) format in which each subband is in essence a single-carrier signal with Nyquist bandwidth. We have found that the optimal subband bandwidth for a 428-Gb/s MB-DFT-S-OFDM signal is 15 and 3 GHz for inline dispersion compensated (IDC) and nondispersion compensated (NDC) fiber links, respectively. The optimized MB-DFT-S-OFDM outperforms the coherent single-carrier by 1 dB (0.8 dB) after 1000-km transmission over IDC (NDC) links.
Derivation of an Aquatic Predicted No-Effect Concentration for the Synthetic Hormone, 17α-Ethinyl Estradiol (2008)

17alpha-Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen widely used in combination with other steroid hormones in oral contraceptives and in the contraceptive patch. EE2 has been detected in sewage treatment plant effluents in the low nanogram -per-liter range and occasionally in surface waters in the U.S., U.K., Canada, Brazil, Germany, and elsewhere. The mode of action is receptor-mediated, and estrogen receptors exist in mammals and other vertebrates. A large number of studies on the effects of EE2 on aquatic organisms exist. One hundred English language studies published between 1994 and 2007, one as yet unpublished study, and findings published in conference proceedings (in German) were compared to published data quality criteria to identify the most relevant studies for deriving a predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). Reproduction in fish was identified as the most sensitive end point in aquatic species. A species sensitivity distribution was constructed using no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) for reproductive effects from 39 papers in 26 species, resulting in a median hazardous concentration at which 5% of the species tested are affected (HC5,50) of 0.35 ng/L. After comparing this HC5,50 to all of the laboratory and field-derived toxicity information available for EE2, we recommend using 0.35 ng/L as the PNEC for EE2 in surface water. This PNEC is below 95% of the existing NOECs for effects on reproduction and is also below virtually all of the NOECs for vitellogenin induction in the key fish reproduction studies.