gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of online and adaptive assignment strategies for wireless data users in hierarchical overlay networks (2004)

One of the crucial problems in hierarchical overlay networks is the assignment of users to the different layers of the overlay architecture. In an earlier paper [T.E. Klien and S.J. Han, March 12-14, 2003], we have investigated the system-wide performance of assignment strategies based on the users' profile information of velocity and amount of data to be transmitted. The optimal assignment strategies that minimize the average number of users in the system rely on knowledge of the cell capacities, the call arrival rates and the statistical description of the users' profiles. In realistic operating conditions, this knowledge may not be available and would typically be time-varying. In this paper, we propose adaptive and online assignment strategies that do not require any a priori knowledge, but still achieve the same performance as if such knowledge were available.
Sustained effects of nonallele‐specific <i>Huntingtin</i> silencing (2009)

These data indicate that the coincident silencing of the wild-type and mutant htt may be considered as a therapeutic tool for HD.
Functional Wave Time-Lag Focusing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization in a Linear Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer:  Improved Mass Accuracy (1997)

A strength of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is its ability to analyze mixtures without separation. MALDI mass spectrometers capable of providing a linear mass calibration over a broad mass range should find wide use in these applications. This work addresses issues pertinent to mass measurement accuracy of a time-lag focusing MALDI time-of-flight instrument and presents a new approach to improving mass accuracy by using a functional wave extraction pulse, instead of a square wave, for time-lag focusing. A model is described of an ideal extraction pulse shape that provides constant total kinetic energy for all ions. If total kinetic energy is constant, then there is an exact linear correlation between ion mass and flight time raised to the second power. Using a descending wave extraction pulse, it is demonstrated that mass accuracy of better than 30 ppm using two internal calibrants and better than 70 ppm using external calibrants can be obtained over a 25 ku mass range. The practical aspects of an instrument needed to obtain consistent mass accuracy is discussed. It is found that ion flight time shows a small dependence upon laser flux; flight times increase slightly as the flux increases. But this dependence is much smaller than is observed in continuous-extraction MALDI.
The 1.85 Å Structure of an 8 <i>R</i> -Lipoxygenase Suggests a General Model for Lipoxygenase Product Specificity (2009)

Lipoxygenases (LOX) play pivotal roles in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and other biologically active eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid. A mechanistic understanding of substrate recognition, when lipoxygenases that recognize the same substrate generate different products, can be used to help guide the design of enzyme-specific inhibitors. We report here the 1.85 A resolution structure of an 8R-lipoxygenase from Plexaura homomalla, an enzyme with a sequence approximately 40% identical to that of human 5-LOX. The structure reveals a U-shaped channel, defined by invariant amino acids, that would allow substrate access to the catalytic iron. We demonstrate that mutations within the channel significantly impact enzyme activity and propose a novel model for substrate binding potentially applicable to other members of this enzyme family.
Albumin Competitively Inhibits Glycation of Less Abundant Proteins (2008)

Glycation, a non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and protein is the primary cause of diabetic complications. Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein undergoes glycation both in vivo and in vitro. The influence of albumin on glycation of less abundant proteins has not been addressed. For the first time, we show that albumin competitively inhibits the glycation of less abundant proteins. This study suggests that at least in the initial stages of diabetes, albumin may protect other proteins from glycation.
New Composite Metal Foams under Compressive Cyclic Loadings (2007)

New composite metal foams are processed using powder metallurgy (PM) and gravity casting techniques. The foam is comprised of steel hollow spheres, with the interstitial spaces occupied by a solid metal matrix (Al or steel alloys). The cyclic compression loading of the products of both techniques has shown that the composite metal foams have high cyclic stability at very high maximum stress levels up to 68 MPa. Under cyclic loading, unlike other metal foams, the composite metal foams do not experience rapid strain accumulation within collapse bands and instead, a uniform distribution of deformation happen through the entire sample until the densification strain is reached. This is a result of more uniform cell structure in composite metal foams compared to other metal foams. As a result, the features controlling the fatigue life of the composite metal foams have been considered as sphere wall thickness and diameter, sphere and matrix materials, and processing techniques as well as bonding strength between the spheres and matrix.
Towed Underwater Acoustic Speed Sensor Statement of Government Interest. (1992)

Abstract : A system for measuring the speed in water of an underwater towed array has a towbody connected in close proximity to the array by means of a rope drogue. The towbody has a freely turning propeller that turns a shaft that has a rotor magnet. Magnetic pulses from the rotor magnet are converted first to an electrical and then to an acoustical signal. The acoustical signal from the towbody is received by the towed array and converted back to an electrical signal that is transmitted along a line to a ship that is towing the array. The ship then displays the detected speed and/or utilizes the information received for control purposes.
Lifetimes and Auger coefficients in type-II W interband cascade lasers (2008)

Lifetimes and Auger coefficients for type-II W interband cascade lasers are deduced from correlations of the experimental threshold current densities and slope efficiencies with calculated threshold carrier densities and optical gains. The room-temperature Auger coefficients for a number of low-threshold devices emitting at wavelengths from 2.9 to 4.1 μm fall in the narrow range of (3–5)×10−28 cm6/s, which represents a much stronger suppression of Auger decay than was implied by most earlier experiments and theoretical projections. The Auger coefficient is nearly independent of the thicknesses and compositions of the layers in the W active region.
An Advanced Na–FeCl<sub>2</sub> ZEBRA Battery for Stationary Energy Storage Application (2015)

Sodium‐metal chloride batteries, ZEBRA, are considered one of the most important electrochemical devices for stationary energy storage applications because of its advantages of good cycle life, safety, and reliability. However, sodium–nickel chloride (Na–NiCl 2 ) batteries, the most promising redox chemistry in ZEBRA batteries, still face great challenges for the practical application due to its inevitable feature of using Ni cathode (high materials cost). Here, a novel intermediate‐temperature sodium–iron chloride (Na–FeCl 2 ) battery using a molten sodium anode and Fe cathode is proposed and demonstrated. The first use of unique sulfur‐based additives in Fe cathode enables Na–FeCl 2 batteries can be assembled in the discharged state and operated at intermediate temperature (<200 °C). The results presented demonstrate that intermediate‐temperature Na–FeCl 2 battery technology could be a propitious solution for ZEBRA battery technologies by replacing the traditional Na–NiCl 2 chemistry.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (2004)

Fluorescent lifetime imaging microscopy is a powerful tool to enhance the contrast in images of biological samples and to investigate the local environment of a fluorochrome. FLIM allows the detection of protein-protein interactions and their biochemical state by the quantitative detection of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between molecules in living cells or tissues. The availability of different spectral variants of the visible fluorescent proteins (VFPs) allows the investigation of molecular activities and protein-protein interactions in living cells by FRET as measured by FLIM.
Expression of CCKB/gastrin receptor isoforms in gastro-intestinal tumour cells (1998)

Anti-serum raised against the human cholecystokinin B (CCKB)/gastrin receptor was used in Western blotting to differentiate the cellular locations of receptor isoforms expressed by human gastro-intestinal (GI) tumour cell lines. Using anti-serum directed against the amino-terminal extracellular tail of the CCKB/gastrin receptor, 8/9 cell lines were shown to express immunoreactive proteins of either m.w. 70 or 40 kDa, or both. Both isoforms were found to be associated with intracellular, non-nuclear membranes, whereas only the 70 kDa protein was expressed in the plasma membrane. Receptor expression was related to gastrin production and secretion. Both progastrin and glycine-extended gastrin-17 were produced and secreted by the tumour cell lines; however, carboxy amidated gastrin was not detected by radioimmunoassay. A CCKB/gastrin receptor transfectant NIH3T3 cell line did not produce detectable gastrin and showed exclusive expression of the 70 kDa receptor on the plasma membrane. One cell line had <50 pg/ml cell-associated progastrin and no detectable receptor form. Cell lines expressing 50-150 pg/ml had both 40 and 70 kDa receptor forms. Those expressing >150 pg/ml progastrin had only the 40 kDa isoform, which was shown to be exclusively expressed on intracellular, non-nuclear membranes, in one of the cell lines. Of the 4 cell lines exclusively expressing the lower m.w. receptor, 3 had gastrin present within the cell, which was not secreted. Thus, if cell-associated gastrin induces a proliferative effect, it may be by an intracrine pathway. Our study has identified the presence of CCKB/gastrin receptor isoforms in different cellular locations and may help toward understanding the complex autocrine and intracrine pathways mediated by gastrin peptides.
Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology in Retinopathy (2011)

Nanoparticles are nanometer-scaled particles, and can be utilized in the form of nanocapsules, nanoconjugates, or nanoparticles themselves for the treatment of retinopathy, including angiogensis-related blindness, retinal degeneration, and uveitis. They are thought to improve the bioavailability in the retina and the permeability of therapeutic molecules across the barriers of the eye, such as the cornea, conjunctiva, and especially, blood-retinal barriers (BRBs). However, consisting of multiple neuronal cells, the retina can be the target of neuronal toxicity of nanoparticles, in common with the central and peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, the ability of nanoparticles to pass through the BRBs might increase the possibility of toxicity, simultaneously promoting distribution in the retinal layers. In this regard, we discussed nanotechnology and nanotoxicology in the treatment of retinopathy.
Real-Time, Holographic, Dynamic Image-Storage Device (1995)

Heart failure in children is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple aetiologies. The underlying disorders that lead to heart failure in children differ significantly from those in adults. Some clinical biomarkers for heart failure status and prognosis appear to be useful in both age groups. This review outlines the use and the present status of biomarkers for heart failure in paediatric cardiology. Furthermore, clinical scenarios in which development of new biomarkers might address management or prognosis are discussed. Finally, strategies for proteomic discovery of novel biomarkers and application to practice are described.
Acquiring high quality non-expert knowledge from on-demand workforce (2009)

Being expensive and time consuming, human knowledge acquisition has consistently been a major bottleneck for solving real problems. In this paper, we present a practical framework for acquiring high quality non-expert knowledge from on-demand workforce using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). We show how to apply this framework to collect large-scale human knowledge on AOL query classification in a fast and efficient fashion. Based on extensive experiments and analysis, we demonstrate how to detect low-quality labels from massive data sets and their impact on collecting high-quality knowledge. Our experimental findings also provide insight into the best practices on balancing cost and data quality for using MTurk.
Inhibition of melanin content by Punicalagins in the super fruit pomegranate (Punica granatum). (2014)

Current efforts to develop effective skin lightening products through the inhibition of melanin production have focused on compounds that inhibit the function and activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. Synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors, such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and arbutin, have been reported to cause skin irritation or acute dermatitis, raising concerns about the safety of these compounds. As a result, there is a need for safe natural ingredients that show effective skin lightening. In this report, we have identified a natural ingredient, pomegranate fruit extract, that inhibits melanin production in melanocytes and shows potential for use as a cosmetic skin lightening agent. In addition, we have identified a polyphenolic compound, punicalagins, as the active melanin inhibitor in pomegranate fruit extract based on its capacity to directly inhibit melanin production.
Impact of EUV absorber variations on wafer patterning (2019)

Mask absorber variations are known to impact wafer imaging. To understand these impacts, absorber variations around SRAF and line-end features are studied on both bright and dark field masks. The primary areas of investigation are SRAF absorber thickness and sidewall angle variation. The working hypothesis was that these two variations are most prevalent in EUV mask absorber processing and could limit EUV imaging. In addition, this study will investigate whether Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) and can compensate for absorber thickness and sidewall variations. AFM data were collected to identify whether qualitative variations between SRAF and main features in the mask absorber were present. Simulations were deployed to quantify the response of wafer images to mask absorber variations. The study found sensitivity to SRAF SWA and thickness variations in the dark field and bright field cases. The study also found that OPC mitigates a large part of the mask SRAF shape variations, if the OPC model includes the quantified variation. Consequently, mask characterization and inclusion in OPC models is needed to reduce model errors.
Loss-of-function of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4E1-S and eIF(iso)4E-T synergistically confers high-level resistance to both <i>Potato virus Y</i> (PVY) and resistance-breaking PVY (2021)

The plant eukaryotic translation-initiation factors eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E play key roles in infection by plant RNA viruses, especially potyviruses. Mutations in the genes that encode these factors reduce susceptibility to the viruses. In the amphidiploid plant tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.), <i>eIF4E1-S</i> deletion mutants resist <i>Potato virus Y</i> (PVY), but resistance-breaking strains (RB-PVY) have appeared. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that the loss-of-function of <i>eIF(iso)4E-T</i> reduces susceptibility to RB-PVY. Here, we show that simultaneous inhibition of <i>eIF4E1-S</i> and <i>eIF(iso)4E-T</i> synergistically confers enhanced resistance to both PVY and RB-PVY without host growth or development defects. PVY symptoms and accumulation in a tobacco line lacking <i>eIF4E1-S</i> were detected at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) and RB-PVY symptoms in lines without functional <i>eIF(iso)4E-T</i> were observed at 24 dpi. RB-PVY emerged in a PVY-infected tobacco line lacking <i>eIF4E1-S</i>. In contrast, lines without functional <i>eIF4E1-S</i> and <i>eIF(iso)4E-T</i> were nearly immune to PVY and RB-PVY, and little accumulation of either virus was detected even at 56 dpi. Thus, the lines will be promising for PVY-resistance breeding. This study provides a novel strategy to develop tobacco highly resistant to PVY and RB-PVY, and insights into the mechanisms responsible for high-level resistance.
Design and Integration of a Novel Spatial Articulated Robotic Tail (2019)

In nature, tails are a key feature in numerous animals that help stabilize, maneuver, manipulate, and/or propel. However, prior research on robotic tails has focused on limited degree of freedom (DOF), pendulum-like structures designed for a single function. This paper presents a novel robotic tail system capable of spatial motion to generate spatial loading. The roll-revolute-revolute robotic tail (R3RT) is a serpentine robotic structure with a roll-DOF at the tail base, and two independently actuated coplanar bending segments composed of several links connected by parallel revolute joints. A dynamic model of the tail is presented, along with considerations for sensing the robot's state and controlling the tail. The inertial loading capabilities of the tail are analyzed using the dynamics model and experimentally validated using an integrated prototype of the R3RT to present loading analysis and the performance benefits of tail articulation. Results of the analysis are promising and indicate clear directions for improvement in a future work.
Improvements in method and apparatus for determining minority carrier diffusion length (1980)

The constant-magnitude steady-state surface photovoltage (SPV) method for determining the minority carrier diffusion length L is in principle an excellent technique. It has, however, recevied relatively limited use because of practical difficulties in carrying out the required measurements. This paper describes an improved measurement system that virtually eliminates these difficulties and allows a rapid straightforward determination of L. These measurements in silicon monitor wafers have enabled a routine quality control check on many factory processing steps, particularly those that are carried out at high temperature and have the potential for significantly degrading L.
Stencil-Field Sequential Color Method for Color Breakup Suppression and Low Power Consumption in Color Filterless LCDs (2009)

A Field Sequential Color LCD (FSC-LCD) is a kind of LCD without color filter. An FSC-LCD has better image quality compared to that of the conventional LCD and can reduce power consumption effectively, however, it has a serious problem called ”color breakup” (CBU). The present DLP project utilizes a signal-color field with a high field rate (＞540 Hz) to solve the color breakup issue, but this method cannot be applied to the LCD because of the limitation of LC response time. Thus, the FSC-LCD has not become a commercial display yet. In this paper, Stencil Field Sequential Color (Stencil-FSC) is proposed, and we first utilize a ”multi-color field” instead of a conventional ”signal-color field” in the color sequence display. The Stencil-FSC method not only can suppress CBU effectively but also can be realized on LCDs by present LC techniques, such as OCB mode LC. Moreover, the method can achieve the a novel green display with ultra-low power consumption (＜35 Watt for 32” LCD-TV) and high contrast ratio (~6500:1). Consequently, the concept and the results of the paper may complete a next generation color filter less display with high image quality and ultra-low power consumption.
Flexible dielectric waveguides with powder cores (1988)

Flexible dielectric waveguides have been demonstrated at 10 GHz and 94 GHz using thin-wall polymer tubing filled with low-loss, high-dielectric-constant powders. Absorptive losses of the order of 10 dB/m were measured at 94 GHz. with nickel-aluminium titanate and barium tetratitanate powder in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lightweight electrical tubing. Bending losses at 94 GHz were negligible for curvature radii greater than 4 cm. M.H. Kuhn's (1974) theory of three-region cylindrical dielectric waveguide was used to calculate dispersion curves for the lower-order modes for several combinations of dimensions and dielectric constants. Good agreement was obtained between experimental and theoretical values of guide wavelength. A scheme is proposed for classifying hybrid modes of three-region guides based on the ratio mod E/sub z//H/sub z/ mod . For two-region guides, this reduces to E. Snitzer's (1961) familiar scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Address Generators for Mapping Arrays in Bit-Reversed Order (2004)

A new technique enables fast Fourier transform (FFT) software to more efficiently use memory and processing time. The technique is used to design address pair generators for mapping an array in bit-reversed order. For exemplary digital signal processing (DSP) processors, in-place bit-reversed mappings based on the new technique were found to often have better computational efficiency than an out-of-place mapping.
Efficient Runtime Detection and Toleration of Asymmetric Races (2011)

We introduce ToleRace, a runtime system that allows programs to detect and even tolerate asymmetric data races. Asymmetric races are race conditions where one thread correctly acquires and releases a lock for a shared variable while another thread improperly accesses the same variable. ToleRace provides approximate isolation in the critical sections of lock-based parallel programs by creating a local copy of each shared variable when entering a critical section, operating on the local copies, and propagating the appropriate copies upon leaving the critical section. We start by characterizing all possible interleavings that can cause races and precisely describe the effect of ToleRace in each case. Then, we study the theoretical aspects of an oracle that knows exactly what type of interleaving has occurred. Finally, we present software implementations of ToleRace and evaluate them on multithreaded applications from the SPLASH2 and PARSEC suites.
Adaptive and integrated neighborhood-dependent approach for nonlinear enhancement of color images (2005)

A novel image enhancement algorithm called AINDANE (adaptive and integrated neighborhood dependent approach for nonlinear enhancement) for improving the visual quality of digital images captured under extremely low or nonuniform lighting conditions is proposed. AINDANE is comprised of two separate processes, namely, adaptive luminance enhancement and adaptive contrast enhancement, to provide more flexibility and better control over image enhancement. Adaptive luminance enhancement is a global intensity transformation based on a specifically designed nonlinear transfer function, which is self-tuned by the histogram statistics of the input image. This process largely increases the luminance of darker pixels and compresses the dynamic range of the image at the same time. Adaptive contrast enhancement tunes the intensity of each pixel based on its relative magnitude with respect to the neighboring pixels. This process is also adaptively controlled by the global statistics of the image. A color restoration process, based on the relationship between the spectral bands and the luminance of the original image, is applied to convert the enhanced intensity image back to a color image.