gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Harmonically Fourier Domain Mode-Locked Optoelectronic Oscillator (2019)

We experimentally demonstrate a harmonically Fourier domain mode-locked optoelectronic oscillator (FDML OEO). Harmonic Fourier domain mode locking operation is achieved when the cavity round-trip time is equal to integer multiples of the scanning period of the filter in the OEO loop. Compared with a fundamentally FDML OEO, frequency scanning microwave signals with increased tuning speed and large bandwidth can be easily generated by the proposed harmonically FDML OEO, which can find applications in spread-spectrum communication and modern radar systems. Up to fourth order, harmonic Fourier domain mode locking operation is achieved in the experiment. The time-bandwidth product of the harmonically FDML OEO is as large as tens of thousands. The maximum chirp rate of the generated X-band linearly chirped microwave waveform is 0.725 GHz/μs, which is four times higher than that of the fundamentally FDML OEO.
[New surgical procedure for the protection of the small intestine before postoperative pelvic irradiation]. (1990)

A prosthesis was designed to protect the intestinal loop from external beam radiation therapy when post-operative radiation is indicated. It is a silicone inflatable balloon, which, when implanted displaces the intestinal loops out of the pelvic irradiation field. The prosthesis can be deflated between each course of irradiation, without surgery. The device has been used in 8 patients: 6 patients with recurrent pelvic tumor (2 rectal cancers, 1 anal cancer, 1 cancer of the endometrium, 1 cervical carcinoma, 1 ovarian carcinoma), 2 patients with primary tumor (1 malignant paraganglioma, 1 cervical carcinoma). Radiotherapy was administered by means of high power appliances. After radiotherapy, the prosthesis was deflated, then removed through a 3 cm incision under local or peridural anesthesia. The tolerance of the small intestine to the radiation therapy has been satisfactory in each case with no bowel injury due to radiation. Therefore, this simple device might be useful to prevent bowel injury during postoperative radiation in the treatment of abdominal and retroperitoneal tumor masses.
Afocal zoom lenses and their applications (2012)

Afocal zoom lenses are state of the art modules for magnification changing in instrument optics, especially in the field of scientific and surgical stereo microscopy. Carl Zeiss implemented many types of afocal zoom lenses in the microscopy instrumentation in more than 30 years. Mechanically compensated zooms with two moving members for magnification range between 4x and 20x are the most widely used zoom lenses so far. As the instrumental optics gradually moves towards the digital imaging, some modified schemes have been created in order to meet new requirements for extended zoom range and for accessibility to the system pupil by an aperture stop or by a shutter. A structure and particular aberration analysis of a four member afocal 20x zoom lens is discussed. It is pointed out that a modular approach for instrumental digital imaging systems with afocal interfaces around the zoom module is one promising application of afocal zooms in the future. This approach contains an afocal zoom with an accessible central stop surrounded by focusing lens groups placed on the object and / or at the image side of the zoom. The advantages of schemes like that are the easy scaling to high magnification range, good balancing of aberrations and diameters of lens elements and the high flexibility in adaption of video systems to different applications. Two examples of modular video zoom lenses are given: an object-side telecentric 20x zoom lens with a four member afocal zoom and a telephoto-type 30x zoom lens with a three member afocal zoom.
Multi-tone millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer for atmospheric propagation studies (2014)

This paper presents the design and test results of a multi-tone millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer, based on a solid-state frequency comb generator. The intended application of the synthesizer is in a space-borne transmitter for radio wave atmospheric studies at Q-band (37-43 GHz). These studies would enable the design of robust high data rate space-to-ground satellite communication links.
Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake (1991)

In summary, fluoxetine is a highly selective serotonin uptake inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. The conformation of fluoxetine, which resembles that of sertraline and other serotonin uptake inhibitors, appears to be a key feature that enables its high affinity and selective interaction with the serotonin transporter. The para-trifluoromethyl substituent, however, is also a pivotal structural element. The molecular pharmacology of fluoxetine has been well-defined, and its in vivo pharmacological effects appear to be mediated almost exclusively by serotonin uptake inhibition. Its selectivity for the serotonin transporter, lack of affinity for neurotransmitter receptors, and retention of selectivity following metabolism to norfluoxetine make fluoxetine a useful tool to explore pharmacologically induced increases in serotonin neurotransmission. Fluoxetine has found a variety of therapeutic application. Its use in treating depression has been most extensively studied, but controlled clinical studies also suggest the drug may have a role in treating obesity and bulimia. Moreover, a variety of other psychiatric disorders may be treatable with this drug. Regardless of the outcome of these clinical trials, it is apparent that fluoxetine has found a useful niche in therapy, and can be used as a probe to determine the role of serotonin in modulating human pathophysiologies.
An on-chip phase compensation technique in fractional-N frequency synthesis (2003)

Fractional-N frequency synthesis relaxes the phase-locked loop (PLL) design constraints to achieve a low noise performance while providing the same channel spacing. Inherent spurs generated by this system can be reduced with various techniques. The proposed architecture effectively compensates the periodic phase error in the time domain so that it is useful with widely used charge-pump PLLs. An on-chip tuning by a delay-locked loop (DLL) is also provided to make the system less dependent on the output frequency and process variations without using any external element. Simulation results show that the fractional spurs can be completely removed with charge-pump PLLs when ideal matching is assumed.
Desorption ionization by charge exchange (DICE) for sample analysis under ambient conditions by mass spectrometry (2010)

An ambient pressure ionization technique for mass spectrometric analysis of substances present on solid surfaces was developed. A nebulized spray containing molecular ions of a solvent such as toluene can be generated by passing the solvent through a stainless steel capillary held at a high voltage. When the stream of charged droplets produced in this way is directed onto a solid surface, the analytes present on the surface are desorbed and ionized by a charge exchange process. This technique was shown to desorb and generate positively charged molecular ions from compounds that are not readily ionized by some other ambient methods, under positive-ion generation mode. For example, intense signals representing radical cations of 1,4-hydroquinone, limonene, thymol, and several other compounds were observed when the analytes were deposited on a metal surface and exposed to a toluene spray nebulized from the metal capillary maintained at a potential of about +5 kV. In contrast, when the same samples were exposed to a spray of water/methanol/formic acid under customary DESI-like (positive-ion mode) conditions, no peaks representing the analytes were observed.
Predictability Analysis for an Automated Seizure Prediction Algorithm (2006)

Epileptic seizures of mesial temporal origin are preceded by changes in signal properties detectable in the intracranial EEG. A series of computer algorithms designed to detect the changes in spatiotemporal dynamics of the EEG signals and to warn of impending seizures have been developed. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a novel adaptive threshold seizure warning algorithm (ATSWA), which detects the convergence in Short-Term Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (STLmax) values among critical intracranial EEG electrode sites, as a function of different seizure warning horizons (SWHs). The ATSWA algorithm was compared to two statistical based naïve prediction algorithms (periodic and random) that do not employ EEG information. For comparison purposes, three performance indices "area above ROC curve" (AAC), "predictability power" (PP) and "fraction of time under false warnings" (FTF) were defined and the effect of SWHs on these indices was evaluated. The results demonstrate that this EEG based seizure warning method performed significantly better (P < 0.05) than both naïve prediction schemes. Our results also show that the performance indexes are dependent on the length of the SWH. These results suggest that the EEG based analysis has the potential to be a useful tool for seizure warning.
Development, characterization, and applications of high temperature superconductor nanobridge Josephson junctions (1994)

A well-controlled, high-yield Josephson junction process in high temperature superconductors (HTS) is necessary for the demonstration of ultra-high-speed devices and circuits which exceed the capabilities of conventional electronics. The authors developed nanobridge Josephson junctions in high quality thin-film YBaCuO with dimensions below 100 nm fabricated using electron-beam nanolithography. They characterized this Josephson junction technology for process yield, junction parameter uniformity, and overall applicability for use in high-performance circuits. To facilitate the determination of junction parameters, they developed a measurement technique based on spectral analysis in the range of 90--160 GHz of phase-locked, oscillating arrays of up to 2,450 Josephson junctions. Because of the excellent yield and uniformity of the nanobridge junctions, they successfully applied the junction technology to a wide variety of circuits. These circuits included transmission-line pulse formers and 32 and 64-bit shift registers. The 32-bit shift register was shown to operate at clock speeds near 100 GHz and is believed to be one of the faster and more complex digital circuit demonstrated to date using high temperature superconductor technology.
Combined endoscopic video tracking and virtual 3D CT registration for surgical guidance (2003)

Bronchoscopic needle biopsy is a common step for early lung-cancer detection. This procedure uses two steps: (1) 3D computed-tomography (CT) chest image analysis, to choose a biopsy site; (2) live bronchoscopy, to perform the biopsy. CT-based virtual endoscopic analysis can improve the results of biopsies, yet errors can still occur. We describe a procedure to combine the endoscopic video tracking (the "real" world) and CT-based virtual endoscopic registration (the "virtual" world). By bringing both sources of information together, a more robust surgical guidance system is realizable. Both the endoscope's video and the thoracic CT scan are used as data sources in the tracking. An optical flow algorithm estimates the endoscope motion between successive video frames. The virtual CT rendering creates a range map for the optical flow equation. This simplifies the endoscope movement calculation into a straightforward linear system. We demonstrate this method for a phantom human airway-tree example.
Proposal for an intelligent lighting system, and verification of control method effectiveness (2005)

In recent years, various types of equipment have become more intelligent. In this research, we propose an intelligent lighting system for providing the necessary illuminance to a desired location; actually construct a fundamental experiment system based on that concept; and verify the effectiveness of the newly developed control method. Verification tests were conducted using an optimization algorithm specialized for lighting control, and the results showed that the various illuminance sensors converged to the preset target illuminance. We also confirmed that the system can respond adaptively to the movement of illuminance sensors and contingencies like lighting malfunctions.
Technique for generation of unipolar ultrasonic pulses (1988)

A transmit-receive switch has been developed that permits the generation and detection of broadband unipolar ultrasonic stress pulses in a pulse-echo mode. Results obtained with conventional planar transducers show that the bandwidths obtained are significantly larger than those realized with conventional ultrasonic pulse-echo techniques. The broadband technique is expected to be applicable to flaw sizing problems encountered in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and to the measurement of gradients in material properties that can be related to changes in the acoustic impedance.
Scalable Numerical Modelling Patterns for the Cloud (2017)

Summary The ready availability of cloud computing resources presents an opportunity for rapid turnaround in large numerical modelling tasks. This opens up new possibilities for interactive modelling in immersive applications. However, it is only feasible for numerical modelling algorithms that scale well over large computing clusters. This is relatively straightforward for algorithms that are embarrassingly parallel, but achieving linear scaling for algorithms such as coupled numerical modelling problems is much more challenging. We explore the improvements that can be achieved in scalability for this type of algorithm by moving away from a sequential programming approach as conventionally used with the Message Passing Interface (MPI), which encourages large-scale synchronisation across a parallel system. Instead we propose an approach based on the actor model that removes all unnecessary synchronisation during inter-node communication. It avoids synchronisation by introducing flexibility in the order of computation. It also spreads communication evenly in time and therefore significantly reduces network contention. We use a theoretical model to examine the scalability characteristics of the new system, which gives improvements of more than an order of magnitude in scalability compared with the sequential approach.
Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic development (2007)

A novel class of endogenous antimicrobial peptides called defensins has shown great versatility in their activity against a diverse range of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and fungi. Their mode of action of bacterial cell lysis seems largely nonspecific and so promises to avert the development of resistance. These two features have made them an area of intense research activity and growing commercial interest. A successful multidisciplinary effort to investigate and develop novel defensins analogues has been established in Singapore that involves computer modeling, biochemistry, proteomics, chemical synthesis, molecular biology and clinical sciences.
Erythropoietin receptors on cancer cells: exciting perspectives, difficult to appreciate (2006)

In this issue, Verdier et al comment on our recent publication, concluding that some anti-EpoR antibodies have limited utility for detecting EpoR expression. 1 We reported that the C-20 anti-EpoR antibody from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA) detected 5 protein bands in UT-7/Epo cells including 59-kDa and 66-kDa proteins. Using both direct and indirect methods, we showed that the 59-kDa protein, not the 66-kDa protein, is EpoR:
Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Novel Robotic System for Mobilization of Glenohumeral Joint (2019)

Joints mobilization is an essential but subjective treatment in the physical therapy of the patients with joint hypomobility such as frozen shoulder. Recently many instrumented force and displacement indentations have been proposed for assessing and diagnosis of joints stiffness. The devices are not, however, feasible and applicable for use in clinical and therapeutic conditions considering the requirements of the joints mobilization principles in physiotherapy. This paper describes a novel design of a robotic system for mobilization of glenohumeral joint and the preliminary evaluation of mobilization robot in a subject with hypomobile glenohumeral joint. A new mechanism is presented which enables the robotic system to execute the mobilization maneuver in 1 inch linear motion path when it grasps the glenohumeral joint and holds the upper limb situated in the 90 degrees relaxed abduction. It was shown that the mobilization robot can be used effectively and practical for mobilization treatment. Furthermore such a device may be used as a diagnostic and assessing device for evaluating the stage of hypomobility based on Maitland method.
Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped alkaline-free phosphate glass for optical fiber amplifers (2001)

New alkaline free phosphate glass compositions are presented. Phosphate glass with a temperature coefficient of refractive index close to zero and a good chemical durability can be achieve. These new glass compositions are very promising for high quality optical fibers with a constant mode profile, and erbium doped fiber amplifiers with a high gain per unit length.
Virtualized reality: concepts and early results (2002)

The visual medium evolved from early paintings to the realistic paintings of the classical era to photographs. The medium of moving imagery started with motion pictures. Television and video recording advanced it to show action "live" or capture and playback later. In all of the above media, the view of the scene is determined at the transcription time, independent of the viewer. We have been developing a new visual medium called virtualized reality. It delays the selection of the viewing angle until view time, using techniques from computer vision and computer graphics. The visual event is captured using many cameras that cover the action from all sides. The 3D structure of the event, aligned with the pixels of the image, is computed for a few selected directions using a stereo technique. Triangulation and texture mapping enable the placement of a "soft-camera" to reconstruct the event from any new viewpoint. With a stereo-viewing system, virtualized reality allows a viewer to move freely in the scene, independent of the transcription angles used to record the scene. We describe the hardware and software setup in our "studio" to make virtualized reality movies. Examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the system.
Local Orthogonal Decomposition for Maximum Inner Product Search (2019)

Inverted file and asymmetric distance computation (IVFADC) have been successfully applied to approximate nearest neighbor search and subsequently maximum inner product search. In such a framework, vector quantization is used for coarse partitioning while product quantization is used for quantizing residuals. In the original IVFADC as well as all of its variants, after residuals are computed, the second production quantization step is completely independent of the first vector quantization step. In this work, we seek to exploit the connection between these two steps when we perform non-exhaustive search. More specifically, we decompose a residual vector locally into two orthogonal components and perform uniform quantization and multiscale quantization to each component respectively. The proposed method, called local orthogonal decomposition, combined with multiscale quantization consistently achieves higher recall than previous methods under the same bitrates. We conduct comprehensive experiments on large scale datasets as well as detailed ablation tests, demonstrating effectiveness of our method.
Preparation of High Fracture Toughness Alumina Sintered Bodies from Bayer Aluminum Hydroxide (1998)

The mechanical properties of hot-pressed, low-temperature-calcined α-alumina powder made from commercial aluminum hydroxide by seeding of wet grinding abrasion powder were investigated. The microstructure of samples sintered at low temperature is composed of very fine equiaxial grains and its bending strength is higher than 800MPa. As the sintering temperature increases, the grains become large and uniaxially elongated, the bending strength of sintered bodies decreases, and the fracture toughness increases. A sample sintered at 1400°C shows a bending strength of 600MPa and a fracture toughness of 7.9MPa⋅m1/2 (SEPB method). A maximum fracture toughness of 9.0MPa⋅m1/2 is achieved in a sample sintered at 1600°C. This high fracture toughness is caused by a uniform and elongated grain structure, and by increment of grain boundary fracture.
Super-speed multiphoton microscopy for mesoscopic volume imaging with ultra-dense sampling beyond Nyquist Limit (2020)

We developed a nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) system with an extended field of view (FOV) of up-to 1.6 mm × 1.6 mm, employing a high numerical aperture (NA) and low magnification objective lens (20×, NA>0.9) maintaining submicron lateral resolution and <2 μm axial resolution, making the system a suitable candidate for high resolution imaging. An acquisition speed of 95 M samples per second was implemented with synchronized sampling of 1 voxel per optical pulse from a femtosecond laser source with a 95 MHz repetition rate, with the ability of scanning a 1.6 × 1.6 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup> volume, with 12000 × 12000 × 2000 (× 4 channels), i.e., 1.152 Tera-voxels in total, capturing ~2.1 Terabyte of 16-bit raw data with 14-bit resolution in <53 minutes at 0.8 μm Z-steps, and maintaining a Nyquist-exceeded voxel-size, a Nyquist-exceeded volume-scanning speed and a Nyquist-exceeded line-scanning speed of <15 attoliter, >1288 μm<sup>3</sup>/ ms and >12 mm/ ms, respectively.
High Performance Perovskite Hybrid Solar Cells with E-beam-Processed TiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Electron Extraction Layer (2016)

Perovskite hybrid solar cells (pero-HSCs) have drawn great attention in the last 5 years. The efficiencies of pero-HSCs have been boosted from 3.8% to over 20%. However, one of the bottlenecks for commercialization of pero-HSCs is to make a high electrical conductive TiOx electron extraction layer (EEL). In this study, we report high performance pero-HSCs with TiOx EEL, where the TiOx EEL is fabricated by electron beam (e-beam) evaporation, which has been proved to be a well-developed manufacturing process. The resistance of the e-beam evaporated TiOx EEL is smaller than that of sol-gel processed TiOx EEL. Moreover, the dark current densities and interfacial charge carrier recombination of pero-HSCs incorporated with e-beam processed TiOx EEL is also smaller than that of pero-HSCs incorporated with sol-gel processed TiOx EEL. All these result in efficient pero-HSCs with high reproducibility. These results demonstrate that our method provides a simple and facile way to approach high performance pero-HSCs.
Perfluorochemical‐facilitated plasminogen activator delivery to the airways: A novel treatment for inhalational smoke‐induced acute lung injury (2020)

We propose that this improved profile over previously reported aerosolized delivery is likely related to improved dose distribution. Sustained salutary responses to scuPA/PFC suspension delivery in this translational model are encouraging and support the possibility that the observed outcomes could be of clinical importance.