gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Content-Centric Networking Using Anonymous Datagrams (2016)

Using Interests (requests that elicit content) and maintaining per-Interest forwarding state in Pending Interest Tables (PIT) are integral to the design of the Named Data Networking (NDN) and Content-Centric Networking (CCNx) architectures. However, using PITs makes the network vulnerable to Interest-flooding attacks, and PITs can become very large. It is shown that in-network caching eliminates the need for Interest aggregation and obviates the use of PITs. A new approach to content-centric networking (CCN-GRAM) is introduced that provides all the benefits of NDN and CCNx, eliminates the use of PITs by means of anonymous datagrams, and is immune to Interest-flooding attacks. Routers maintain routes to the anonymous origins of Interests using an on-demand routing approach in the data plane that can also be used to provide native support for multicasting in the dat a plane. Simulation experiments show that the number of forwarding entries required in CCN-GRAM is orders of magnitude smaller than the number of PIT entries.
Yin and yang of the plasminogen activator inhibitor (2009)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type one (PAI-1) is involved in many biological processes, and depending on a disease its overexpression, deficiency or normal level can sometimes produce surprising outcomes. This paper reviews low, high, and normal levels of PAI-1 in relation to diseases, their incidents, and possible treatment. Also, a role of PAI-1 in cancer is discussed with attention to "PAI-1 paradox" and explanation of the possible therapeutic applications using this protein.
TH-A-141-09: BEST IN PHYSICS (IMAGING) - Superficial Dose Imaging Based On Cherenkov Radiation Emission During Megavoltage External Beam Radiotherapy (2013)

Purpose: To show that Cherenkov emission generated by megavoltage X-ray beams could be imaged in real time during external beam radiotherapy. Images of Cherenkov emission could be applied for quality assurance (QA) and estimate the superficial dose distribution for complex surface profiles. Methods: Cherenkov radiation has been documented to be generated by MeV external beam radiotherapy in both water and tissue. A typical breast cancer treatment plan was adopted to irradiate the breast and torso region of an anthropometric phantom. Images of Cherenkov emission have been taken by using a scientific-grade time-gated ICCD camera, synchronized to the LINAC pulse output, during treatment. Sampling depth depending on wavelength and angular distribution of Cherenkov photons (similar to Lambertian distribution) emitted from the surface have been investigated for different optical properties by Monte Carlo simulations in GAMOS and corresponding angular emission corrections have been applied. Registration of the 2-D Cherenkov emission images to 3-D surface profiles measured by motion monitoring system (Catalyst™, C-RAD) has been investigated. Results: The images show that superficial dose varies dramatically with complex surface profiles. Imaging of this can be done, with a typical acquisition time of 2 sec, based upon Signal to noise ratio of SNR=30 for a 10 MeV beam, suggesting that near real time surface dosimetry is possible during the treatment time. The spatial resolution achieved here was approximately 1mm. Conclusion: Superficial dose can be imaged in realtime directly with a camera, capturing the Cherenkov emitted from the surface of the treatment region during external beam radiotherapy, and these surface dose images could potentially allow real time monitoring, quality assurance and decisions to be made about dose errors in complex treatment areas.
PWM scheme to reduce the common-mode current generated by an AC drive at low modulation index (2011)

With the conventional space vector PWM (SVPWM) modulation scheme, AC drives generate high peak common-mode currents, particularly at very low modulation index. This occurs because of the low dwell times on the active voltage vectors, resulting in nearly simultaneous switching on all three phases. High peak common-mode currents present several issues - high voltage spikes from DC bus to ground, pump-up of the DC bus voltage, increased conducted emissions - that can affect the reliability and performance of the AC drive. Solutions to address this phenomenon include placing capacitors to ground on the DC bus, which cannot be applied when the power system is not solidly grounded (e.g. high resistance grounding (HRG)), and filters at the output of the drive, which are bulky, expensive and may not always be effective. In this paper, a modified SVPWM scheme is presented, which reduces the instantaneous peak and RMS common-mode current at the output of the drive. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the method works with all types of system grounding, and is more effective than commonly used drive output filters at very low modulation index.
Nonlinkage of bipolar illness to tyrosine hydroxylase, tyrosinase, and D2 and D4 dopamine receptor genes on chromosome 11 (1994)

The negative results obtained under different genetic models exclude a frequent role for DRD4, TH, TYR, and DRD2 in the pathogenesis of bipolar illness.
Mechanical Properties of Mesh-Type Artificial Tracheas (2005)

Many studies have been made to develop artificial tracheas with good biocompatibility and mechanical performance. We have designed a new type of mesh-type artificial tracheas. The basic frame of the specimens was composed of a mesh cylinder and stent attached to the outside of the cylinder. We have demonstrated from the mechanical tests that artificial tracheas with ring-type stents are stiffer than those with spiral-type stents. Artificial tracheas with arc-shaped shaped stents are half as stiff as artificial tracheas with whole ring stents. We have compared the mechanical properties of mesh-type artificial tracheas with nylon ring stents and those of canine tracheas, and have found the proper number of rings per unit length for the mesh-type artificial tracheas.
PREVENTION OF PERINATAL NICOTINE EXPOSURE-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN PULMONARY FUNCTION BY PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR γ AGONISTS. (2007)

Background In utero exposure to maternal smoking is associated with adverse pulmonary effects, including reduced lung function and increased incidence of asthma, with both earlier onset and greater severity. However, the mechanisms underlying these adverse pulmonary effects are unknown, and there is no effective preventive or therapeutic intervention. Recently, we suggested that down-regulation of homeostatic mesenchymal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ signaling following in utero nicotine (Nic) exposure might be a contributor to chronic lung diseases such as asthma. Furthermore, by up-regulating PPAR-γ, we might be able to prevent Nic-induced adverse pulmonary effects. Objective To determine (1) the change in the compliance (C) and resistance (R) of the respiratory system and bronchial reactivity following in utero Nic exposure and (2) if administration of a PPAR-γ agonist blocks the effects of in utero Nic exposure on C and bronchial reactivity. Methods Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat dams received placebo (diluent), Nic (1 or 2 mg/kg), Nic + a PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ) (3 mg/kg), or Nic (2 mg/kg) + RGZ (3 mg/kg) + a PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 (0.25 mg/kg), IP in 100 μL volumes daily from e6 until term. Pups were delivered spontaneously and breast-fed ad libitum. At postnatal days 8 to 14, the pups were studied for C and R of the respiratory system, at baseline and following methacholine (MC) challenge (up to 2 mg/mL dose). Measurements were made on anesthetized ventilated (MiniVent, Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA) pups at 8 mL/kg tidal volume in a whole-body plethysmograph. Results Compared with control, with perinatal Nic exposure, there was a significant decrease in C without any change in R under basal conditions. There was a significant decrease in C and a significant increase in R following MC challenge. Concomitant treatment with RGZ completely blocked the Nic-induced alterations in pulmonary C and R under both basal and MC-challenge conditions. Treatment with GW9662 partially blocked RGZ-mediated effects on R and C. Conclusion Alterations in pulmonary function in a rodent model of perinatal Nic exposure are completely blocked by concomitant administration of RGZ. We speculate that perinatal Nic exposure significantly affects both alveolar and airway PPAR-γ signaling. Supported by grants from TRDRP ((14RT-0073 and 15IT-0250), Philip Morris USA Inc. and Philip Morris International, and NIH (HL55268 and HL075405).
Rhesus Box Variation: Multiple RHD Deletion Events and Implications for Testing RHD Heterozygosity. (2004)

Abstract The RHD gene encoding the Rhesus blood group antigen D is flanked by two highly homologous DNA segments of about 9,000 bp, the upstream and downstream Rhesus boxes. In haplotypes with an RHD deletion, the fusion of the two Rhesus boxes within the 1,463 bp identity region generates the single hybrid Rhesus box. Its detection has been applied to determine RHD zygosity. For instance, testing for RHD heterozygosity is of clinical interest, because all children of an RHD homozygous father will be D positive and at risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn, if the mother carries an anti-D. Aberrant Rhesus boxes can confound this application and appear to be frequent among Africans. A comprehensive, systematic analysis was lacking. We sequenced about 5,850 bp of the upstream and downstream Rhesus boxes in 18 samples that were representative for all four D clusters and of the hybrid Rhesus box in 4 samples that were mistyped in assays for the hybrid Rhesus box. The known differences between upstream and downstream Rhesus boxes were in part restricted to subsets of RHD alleles. We detected 46 additional polymorphism, which represented single nucleotide substitutions, short insertions or deletions. Gene conversions were found in the upstream Rhesus boxes of RHDψ, DAU-1 and DAU-3 and in the downstream Rhesus boxes of Ccdes, weak D type 4.1, type 4.2 and DAU-0. All 6 different gene conversions started or ended in or near the identity region, which may have been instrumental for generating these gene conversions. Recombinations between haplotypes were likely in several alleles like DIII type 4. Four non-standard hybrid Rhesus boxes were suggestive of multiple independent RHD deletion events. We found considerable variation of Rhesus box sequences, which explained the limitations for RHD heterozygosity testing that were previously observed in several laboratories. The general topology of the genomic Rhesus locus was however similar in all cases and consistent with our initial description. There was evidence for 5 probably independent RHD deletion events. Testing RHD heterozygosity in Africans is best based on quantitative PCR or amplification of the full length hybrid Rhesus box. Because in Europeans who harbored RHD alleles belonging to African D clusters the Rhesus box variation was also substantial, use of two complementary methods for hybrid Rhesus box detection may even be advisable in whites. We conclude that a long range PCR spanning the whole hybrid Rhesus box, while technically demanding, is not influenced by the kinds of aberrations observed in this study and may hence remain the standard for research purposes and quality assurance.
39.4: Polarization‐Independent Switching With High Contrast from a Liquid Crystal Polarization Grating (2006)

Abstract We report experimental results of a liquid crystal polarization grating (LCPG) modulating unpolarized light with high contrast for the first time. Striking results are observed: nearly ideal diffraction into the first orders at > 99%, contrast ratios of up to 600:1 for monochromatic light, switching times of ∼ 2 ms for nematic LCs, and threshold voltage of 1.65 Vrms.
Relation Extraction with Relation Topics (2011)

This paper describes a novel approach to the semantic relation detection problem. Instead of relying only on the training instances for a new relation, we leverage the knowledge learned from previously trained relation detec-tors. Specically, we detect a new semantic relation by projecting the new relation&apos;s train-ing instances onto a lower dimension topic space constructed from existing relation de-tectors through a three step process. First, we construct a large relation repository of more than 7,000 relations from Wikipedia. Second, we construct a set of non-redundant relation topics dened at multiple scales from the re-lation repository to characterize the existing relations. Similar to the topics dened over words, each relation topic is an interpretable multinomial distribution over the existing re-lations. Third, we integrate the relation topics in a kernel function, and use it together with SVM to construct detectors for new relations. The experimental results on Wikipedia and ACE data have conrmed that background-knowledge-based topics generated from the Wikipedia relation repository can signicantly improve the performance over the state-of-the-art relation detection approaches. 1
DNA-Encircled Lipid Bilayers (2018)

ABSTRACT Lipid bilayers and lipid-associated proteins play a crucial role in biology. As in vivo studies and manipulation are inherently difficult, several membrane-mimetic systems have been developed to enable investigation of lipidic phases, lipid-protein interactions, membrane protein function and membrane structure in vitro . Controlling the size and shape, or site-specific functionalization is, however, difficult to achieve with established membrane mimetics based on membrane scaffolding proteins, polymers or peptides. In this work, we describe a route to leverage the unique programmability of DNA nanotechnology and create DNA-encircled bilayers (DEBs), which are made of multiple copies of an alkylated oligonucleotide hybridized to a single-stranded minicircle. To stabilize the hydrophobic rim of the lipid bilayer, and to prevent formation of lipid vesicles, we introduced up to 2 alkyl chains per helical that point to the inside of the toroidal DNA ring and interact with the hydrophobic side chains of the encapsulated lipid bilayer. The DEB approach described herein provides unprecedented control of size, and allows the orthogonal functionalizations and arrangement of engineered membrane nanoparticles and will become a valuable tool for biophysical investigation of lipid phases and lipid-associated proteins and complexes including structure determination of membrane proteins and pharmacological screenings of membrane proteins.
The antisense <i>bcl-2</i> – <i>IgH</i> transcript is an optimal target for synthetic oligonucleotides (1997)

In most human follicular B cell lymphomas the bcl-2 gene is up-regulated as a result of the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation generating a hybrid bcl-2-IgH mRNA. Recently, we have identified in t(14;18)-positive cells a bcl-2-IgH mRNA in the antisense orientation, putatively responsible for the overexpression of bcl-2. Herein we show that this chimeric antisense transcript is an optimal target for synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). A variety of sense-oriented oligonucleotides have been designed that target the antisense transcript in regions endowed with a sequence specificity presumably restricted to an individual cell line (the bcl-2-IgH fusion regions) or extended to all t(14;18) cells (the ectopic bcl-2 segment upstream from the major breakpoint region and the IgH segment). All sense-oriented ODNs complementary to the antisense transcript induced an early strong inhibition of cell growth and a late fulminant cell death. As expected, the activity of ODNs targeting the fusion region was restricted to each individual cell line, whereas the activity of all ODNs targeting the common bcl-2 and IgH segments was extended to all t(14;18) cell lines tested. These sense ODNs were not effective in untranslocated cell lines. Antisense-oriented ODNs, complementary to the bcl-2-IgH mRNA, and control ODNs (scrambled, inverted, or mismatched) were biologically ineffective. The selectivity and efficacy of all sense ODNs tested provide support for the development of therapeutic ODNs targeting the bcl-2-IgH antisense transcript expressed in human follicular lymphomas.
A hybrid pixel-block based view synthesis for multiviewpoint 3D video (2013)

View synthesis technique is important for multi-viewpoint 3D video applications. In our technical investigation, we find that some of the current view synthesis methods perform better in boundary areas while some others in non-boundary areas. For example, MPEG VSRS is the most popular view synthesis software, which integrates a series of advanced tools. Recently, Interval-Based Image Synthesis (IBIS) algorithm is proposed, which shows advantage over MPEG VSRS in non-boundary areas but still has some unpleasant artifacts in boundary areas. To take advantage of the merits of the above methods and overcome their shortcomings, we propose a Hybrid Pixel-block Based View Synthesis(HPBVS) method. Experimental results testify that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art view synthesis methods from both the subjective and objective perspectives.
QoE-aware joint scheduling of buffered video on demand and best effort flows (2013)

Since video services are expected to constitute a major portion of the mobile downlink traffic, it is important to consider end users' perceptual quality of experience (QoE) for video traffic in the system design and performance evaluation of next generation mobile networks. We present a novel QoE-aware scheduling scheme for buffered video on demand (VoD). Therein, rebuffering is the critical attribute undermining users' QoE. Our scheduling scheme is based on `vacuum pressure scheduling'. We use playback buffer vacancy and apply the `backpressure' scheduling theory to schedule the VoD flows. The proposed scheme is further adjusted to enable joint scheduling of a mixture of VoD and best effort (BE) flows within the same band. A simple control knob is provided to operators to softly adjust the region in which BE flows contend on resources. Results demonstrate substantial user capacity gains compared to prior work without compromising the QoS of BE flows. Sensitivity analysis to feedback periodicity shows remarkable robustness and overhead savings compared to the baseline. Results even hold when requested videos are of heterogeneous qualities, i.e., encoding rates.
A new oscillator circuit effective in frequency range 100 MHz to 1 GHz (2005)

We have proposed a new piezoelectric oscillator circuit suitable for use in frequency range 100 MHz to 1 GHz. The proposed oscillator is composed of a Colpitts oscillator and a two-stage common-emitter amplifier. The amplifier picks up the signal from the emitter of the oscillator transistor and feeds back the amplified signal to the base of the oscillator transistor via its base-collector capacitance. Simulation has shown that sufficiently large negative resistance can be obtained compared to the usual Colpitts oscillator. Other major performance factors have the values for practical use. Experiments with a 622 MHz voltage controlled SAW oscillator have agreed with the simulated results.
<i>In Vivo</i> Detection of EGFRvIII in Glioblastoma via Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signature Consistent with Deep Peritumoral Infiltration: The <i>ϕ</i> -Index (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (<i>EGFRvIII</i>) mutation has been considered a driver mutation and therapeutic target in glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain cancer. Currently, detecting <i>EGFRvIII</i> requires postoperative tissue analyses, which are <i>ex vivo</i> and unable to capture the tumor's spatial heterogeneity. Considering the increasing evidence of <i>in vivo</i> imaging signatures capturing molecular characteristics of cancer, this study aims to detect <i>EGFRvIII</i> in primary glioblastoma noninvasively, using routine clinically acquired imaging.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We found peritumoral infiltration and vascularization patterns being related to <i>EGFRvIII</i> status. We therefore constructed a quantitative within-patient peritumoral heterogeneity index (PHI/φ-index), by contrasting perfusion patterns of immediate and distant peritumoral edema. Application of φ-index in preoperative perfusion scans of independent discovery (<i>n</i> = 64) and validation (<i>n</i> = 78) cohorts, revealed the generalizability of this <i>EGFRvIII</i> imaging signature.<b>Results:</b> Analysis in both cohorts demonstrated that the obtained signature is highly accurate (89.92%), specific (92.35%), and sensitive (83.77%), with significantly distinctive ability (<i>P</i> = 4.0033 × 10<sup>-10</sup>, AUC = 0.8869). Findings indicated a highly infiltrative-migratory phenotype for <i>EGFRvIII<sup>+</sup></i> tumors, which displayed similar perfusion patterns throughout peritumoral edema. Contrarily, <i>EGFRvIII</i><sup>-</sup> tumors displayed perfusion dynamics consistent with peritumorally confined vascularization, suggesting potential benefit from extensive peritumoral resection/radiation.<b>Conclusions:</b> This <i>EGFRvIII</i> signature is potentially suitable for clinical translation, since obtained from analysis of clinically acquired images. Use of within-patient heterogeneity measures, rather than population-based associations, renders φ-index potentially resistant to inter-scanner variations. Overall, our findings enable noninvasive evaluation of <i>EGFRvIII</i> for patient selection for targeted therapy, stratification into clinical trials, personalized treatment planning, and potentially treatment-response evaluation. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4724-34. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Structured Model Order Reduction of Parallel Models in Feedback (2013)

Parallel working units in closed-loop operation are frequently encountered in industrial applications of advanced process control (boilers, turbines, chemical reactors, etc.). Control strategies typically require different low-order models for each configuration of parallel units. These different models are usually obtained by heuristics applied to the parallel models. To replace these heuristics, this paper proposes a systematic solution based on structured model order reduction. Two methods are considered, the first has general applicability to stable closed-loop systems, but gives no a priori error bounds; the second linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based method comes with an explicit error bounds, but cannot be applied to general models. However, it is shown that for models composed of cascades of stable subsystems and negative feedbacks of strictly positive real subsystems, the LMIs are always feasible. Both methods are demonstrated on a practical example of a cogeneration power plant with multiple boilers. It is proved that the second LMI-based method can always be applied to general problems with structures similar to the boiler-header systems considered in this paper.