gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface wave multiplexing techniques (1977)

Two multiplexers using offset multistrip couplers (MSC) are described. One is an 8-channel device with 10 MHz bandwidth in each channel. The other is a 16-channel device with 4 MHz contiguous (overlapping at the 3 dB levels) channels. The total insertion loss per channel for these devices is around 17 dB. The out of band rejection ranges from 30 to 45 dB. The frequency sorting is accomplished by a set of offset MSC's which channel the surface wave into various tracks according to frequency. Narrow-band output transducers using a specially developed 'staggered tap' geometry provide most of the selectivity. (Author)
Ion–polymer and ion–ion interaction in PEO‐based polymer electrolytes having complexing salt LiClO<sub>4</sub> and/or ionic liquid, [BMIM][PF<sub>6</sub>] (2011)

Abstract Ion–polymer and ion–ion association in polymer electrolyte films of PEO complexed with salt LiClO 4 , ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, BMIMPF 6 ) and (LiClO 4 + BMIMPF 6 ) have been studied by laser Raman spectroscopy. The cations (Li + and/or BMIM + ) of the dopant salt/IL are shown to complex with the ether oxygen of the polymer backbone (i.e. COC bond of PEO). The polymer–cation complexation results in the appearance of an additional peak at ∼1131 cm −1 apart from the COC stretching vibrations of PEO at ∼1062 and 1141 cm −1 . This peak due to polymer–cation complexation is relatively strong for LiClO 4 than BMIMPF 6 , indicating stronger interaction for the former. In the PEO:LiClO 4 and PEO:BMIMPF 6 spectra, Raman peaks at 937 and 747 cm −1 , respectively related to Li + · ClO and BMIM + · PF ‘contact ion pairs’, have also been observed as a result of ion–ion association. In the polymer electrolyte PEO:LiClO 4 + BMIMPF 6 which contained two different anions, viz. ClO and PF , an interesting observation of the formation of ‘cross contact ion pairs’ viz. Li + · PF and BMIM + · ClO is also reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Toll-Like Receptor 13 in Innate Immune Recognition of Group B Streptococci (2014)

Murine Toll-like receptor 13 (TLR13), an endosomal receptor that is not present in humans, is activated by an unmethylated motif present in the large ribosomal subunit of bacterial RNA (23S rRNA). Little is known, however, of the impact of TLR13 on antibacterial host defenses. Here we examined the role of this receptor in the context of infection induced by the model pathogen group B streptococcus (GBS). To this end, we used bacterial strains masked from TLR13 recognition by virtue of constitutive expression of the ErmC methyltransferase, which results in dimethylation of the 23S rRNA motif at a critical adenine residue. We found that TLR13-mediated rRNA recognition was required for optimal induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitrous oxide in dendritic cell and macrophage cultures stimulated with heat-killed bacteria or purified bacterial RNA. However, TLR13-dependent recognition was redundant when live bacteria were used as a stimulus. Moreover, masking bacterial rRNA from TLR13 recognition did not increase the ability of GBS to avoid host defenses and replicate in vivo. In contrast, increased susceptibility to infection was observed under conditions in which signaling by all endosomal TLRs was abolished, i.e., in mice with a loss-of-function mutation in the chaperone protein UNC93B1. Our data lend support to the conclusion that TLR13 participates in GBS recognition, although blockade of the function of this receptor can be compensated for by other endosomal TLRs. Lack of selective pressure by bacterial infections might explain the evolutionary loss of TLR13 in humans. However, further studies using different bacterial species are needed to prove this hypothesis.
Role of macrophage activation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and human immunodeficiency virus type 1‐associated dementia (2000)

The structure and function of neurons are changed not only during development of the central nervous system but also in certain neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) -associated dementia. Immunological activation and altered production of neurotoxins and neurotrophins by brain macrophages are thought to play an important role in neuronal structure and function. This review describes the clinical and pathological features of both Alzheimer's disease and HIV-1-associated dementia and tries to interpret the role of the macrophage and astrocytes therein. The consequences of activation of macrophages by amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease and HIV infection of macrophages in HIV-1-associated dementia and the similarities between these diseases will be discussed. Although the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease and HIV-1-associated dementia differs, Alzheimer's disease is a cortical dementia and HIV-1-associated dementia is a subcortical dementia, the process of macrophage activation and the resulting pathways leading to neurotoxicity seem very similar. In both Alzheimer's disease and HIV-1-associated dementia, interaction of macrophages and astrocytes appear to play an important role.
Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (2001)

The DRS-R-98, a 16-item clinician-rated scale with 13 severity items and 3 diagnostic items, was validated against the Cognitive Test for Delirium (CTD), Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI), and Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) among five diagnostic groups (N=68): delirium, dementia, depression, schizophrenia, and other. Mean and median DRS-R-98 scores significantly (P<0.001) distinguished delirium from each other group. DRS-R-98 total scores correlated highly with DRS, CTD, and CGI scores. Interrater reliability and internal consistency were very high. Cutoff scores for delirium are recommended based on ROC analyses (sensitivity and specificity ranges: total, 91%-100% and 85%-100%; severity, 86%-100% and 77%-93%, respectively, depending on the cutoffs or comparison groups chosen). The DRS-R-98 is a valid measure of delirium severity over a broad range of symptoms and is a useful diagnostic and assessment tool. The DRS-R-98 is ideal for longitudinal studies.
Deposition of Polyaniline Films onto Porous Silicon Layers (1993)

The electrochemical deposition of electrically conductive polyaniline films (PANI) onto the surface of porous silicon (PS) layers has been studied using kinetic measurements and infrared spectroscopy. The process of PANI deposition is sensitive to the size of the pores, as well as to the presence of a passive layer at the pore walls and bottoms. Observable polymerization takes place at PS samples processing a pore size of about 4 nm. The results are less good for PS layers with either smaller or larger pores.
Highly Luminescent Eu<sup>3+</sup>and Tb<sup>3+</sup>Macrocyclic Complexes Bearing an Appended Phenanthroline Chromophore (2002)

A two-component ligand system (1) containing 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A) as the hosting unit for the lanthanide cations and an appended asymmetrically functionalized 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as the chromophore was synthesized. The 1:1 complexes with Eu(3+), Gd(3+), Tb(3+), and Yb(3+) have been prepared and studied in aqueous solution. For Gd.1, a relaxivity value of 2.4 mM(-1) s(-1) has been measured at 20 MHz and 25 degrees C, which indicates that there are no water molecules in the first coordination sphere of the metal ion. The analysis of high resolution (1)H NMR spectra of Yb.1 supports this view and suggests the direct involvement of the phen moiety in the coordination of the metal ion. For Eu.1 and Tb.1, the absorption and luminescence spectra, the overall luminescence efficiencies, and the metal-centered (MC) lifetimes were obtained; coordination features were also determined by comparing luminescence properties in water and deuterated water. For Eu.1 and Tb.1, the overall emission sensitization (se) process in air-equilibrated water was found to be notably effective with phi(se) = 0.21 and 0.11, respectively. A detailed study of the steps originating from light absorption at the phen unit and leading to MC sensitized emission was performed.
Host-targeted niclosamide inhibits C. difficile virulence and prevents disease in mice without disrupting the gut microbiota (2018)

Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea and colitis in the industrialized world. Disruption of the protective gut microbiota by antibiotics enables colonization by multidrug-resistant C. difficile, which secrete up to three different protein toxins that are responsible for the gastrointestinal sequelae. Oral agents that inhibit the damage induced by toxins, without altering the gut microbiota, are urgently needed to prevent primary disease and break the cycle of antibiotic-induced disease recurrence. Here, we show that the anthelmintic drug, niclosamide, inhibits the pathogenesis of all three toxins by targeting a host process required for entry into colonocytes by each toxin. In mice infected with an epidemic strain of C. difficile, expressing all three toxins, niclosamide reduced both primary disease and recurrence, without disrupting the diversity or composition of the gut microbiota. Given its excellent safety profile, niclosamide may address an important unmet need in preventing C. difficile primary and recurrent diseases.
Chemical Constituents of <i>Tilia taquetii</i> Leaves and their Inhibition of MMP-1 Expression and Elastase Activities (2014)

The ethanol extract of Tilia taquetii Schneider leaves was investigated for its anti-wrinkle properties and for the relevant chemical constituents. Phytochemical studies led to the identification of five known compounds, viz. phytol (1), isoquercitrin (2), oleanderolide (3), arjunolic acid (4) and maslinic acid (5) from the extract. Of these, compounds 4 and 5 inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of collagen fiber. Moreover, compound 5 showed inhibition activity on elastase, a protease enzyme capable of degrading elastin. These results suggest that the extract of T. taquetii containing the triterpenes 4 and 5 could be applied as anti-wrinkle ingredients in cosmetic preparations.
Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (2002)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death, with over a million new cases annually. It is generally advanced upon detection due to underlying liver disease, which further complicates treatment. Most of the therapeutic strategies in current use (surgery, transplantation, irradiation or chemotherapy) are either palliative or only of benefit to a small percentage of patients. This article reviews the biology of HCC, including many of the molecular changes and mechanisms leading to HCC development. This article discusses the recent innovative strategies to interfere with the progression of HCC, including novel gene therapy strategies. The most recent data supporting the use of immunotherapy for hepatocellular cancer is reviewed in detail.
High-Isolation XX-Polar Antenna (2012)

A new configuration of the dual-band and dual-polarized antenna is presented, which is fed by aperture coupling for the existing mobile communication systems working over 870-960 MHz (GSM) and 1710-2180 MHz (DCS/UMTS) frequency band. XX-Polar antenna stands for an antenna with dual-band and dual linear slant polarization. In this paper DU band stands for DCS/UMTS band. Measurement results show that the proposed antenna yields good broadside radiation characteristics including symmetric radiation patterns, low cross-polarization level ( <; -14 dB), low backlobe level (F/B >; 20 dB) and high isolation (>; 30 dB) at both bands. The designed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 20.4% (790-970 MHz) for VSWR <; 1.5 in the lower band and 29.3% for VSWR <; 1.6 (1630-2190 MHz) in the upper band. The measured average gains are about 9.3-10.2 and 8.6-10 dBi in the lower and upper band, respectively. It is also promising for array antenna in various wireless systems.
Additive manufacturing technology for porous metal implant applications and triple minimal surface structures: A review (2018)

Recently, the fabrication methods of orthopedic implants and devices have been greatly developed. Additive manufacturing technology allows the production of complex structures with bio-mimicry features, and has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional fabrication methods. This review explores open-cellular structural design for porous metal implant applications, in relation to the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Several types of additive manufacturing techniques including selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting, are discussed for different applications. Additive manufacturing through powder bed fusion shows great potential for the fabrication of high-quality porous metal implants. However, the powder bed fusion technique still faces two major challenges: it is high cost and time-consuming. In addition, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures are also analyzed in this paper, targeting the design of metal implants with an enhanced biomorphic environment.
Estimating Software Projects Based On Negotiation (2009)

Abstract: The Software Engineering community has been trying to get fast and accurate software estimations for many years. Most of the proposed methods require historical information and/or experts ’ judgment. Because of that, the current methods are not suitable for novice developers or persons who do not know the company development capability. In order to help overcome such need, this paper proposes a software estimation method named CEBON (Collaborative Estimation Based On Negotiation). The method is applicable to small/medium-size projects (1-6 months). It focuses on supporting estimation of Web information systems in scenarios where historical data is not available. The CEBON method has been used to estimate eight real projects. The obtained results were compared with the real projects execution, which were carried out by novice developers in Chile. The comparison indicates the method is able to deliver quite accurate results. In addition, a survey applied to the involved developers shows they feel comfortable using the estimation method. The article also describes a collaborative software application supporting the CEBON process and a preliminary evaluation of both the estimation method and the supporting tool.
Quantification of thymic function by measuring T cell receptor excision circles within peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues in monkeys (2000)

The thymus is the primary organ responsible for the production of mature TCR alpha / beta T cells. Quantification of a DNA excision circle that is produced during TCR rearrangement, termed a signal joint TCR rearrangement excision circle (sjTREC) can be used as a measure of thymic function. Here sjTREC measurement has been applied to two monkey species used as animal models of human disease, rhesus macaques (Asian origin) and sooty mangabeys (African origin). Initial PCR analysis determined that the TCR deltaRec-PsiJalpha rearrangement leading to sjTREC formation occurs in both species. Primers to a DNA sequence conserved in macaques, mangabeys and humans were used in a quantitative competitive PCR assay to quantify sjTREC. We found that as in humans, sjTREC in these two monkey species decline with age. sjTREC are first generated in thymocytes during the early stages of TCR rearrangement. Lymph node CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells contain more sjTREC than peripheral blood T cell populations, suggesting that recent thymic emigrants home to the lymphoid tissues. The sjTREC level is significantly higher within the peripheral blood CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of mangabeys compared to macaques. Removal of the thymus in four macaques led to a profound decrease in peripheral blood sjTREC level by 1 year post-thymectomy, indicating the lack of a significant extra-thymic source of peripheral naive T cells in macaques. Our results indicate that production, trafficking, and proliferation of recent thymic emigrants in these two monkey species represents a useful animal model system for understanding human immunological disorders.
Neural-processing type optical wavelength demultiplexer using high-speed analog-neural-network integrated circuits (1991)

A neural-processing type optical WDM demultiplexer consisting of a multimode guide and an electrical neural network (NN) has been proposed.1 It features simple optical components, easy alignment, and modifiable characteristics because its neural parameters are electrically controllable. This paper reports the demultiplexing results at 150 Mb/s obtained by using the new analog neural network LSIs (ANN-LSIs) and the multimode planar waveguide.
Activation of CD8-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte adhesion and degranulation by peptide class I antigen complexes (1993)

Activation of CTL requires engagement of both the TCR and the CD8 coreceptor. Immobilized class I proteins and in vitro-formed peptide class I Ag complexes have been used to examine the relative contributions of TCR and CD8 to the adhesion and response of cloned, class I-restricted CTL. The extent of degranulation was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of peptide used to pulse class I, suggesting that activation is a direct function of TCR occupancy level. In contrast, activation of degranulation as a function of the amount of class I on the surface displayed a marked threshold density dependence. Essentially the same density dependence was found for the response of CTL to fluid phase anti-TCR mAb and non-Ag class I, indicating that CD8-class I interaction must exceed a threshold before effective cosignaling can occur. Adhesion and degranulation of CTL was minimal in response to in vitro peptide-class I complexes prepared at a class I density below the threshold. However, the same density of peptide class I initiated both adhesion and response if additional non-Ag class I was coimmobilized on the same surface at levels above threshold. Thus, when surface levels of peptide class I complex are low, as is likely to be the case under physiologic conditions, the level of TCR occupancy achieved is, by itself, insufficient to mediate cell adhesion or activate degranulation. The results demonstrate, however, that low TCR occupancy is sufficient to provide the signal to prime CD8. Provided that the surface density of class I is sufficiently high, CD8 then mediates strong adhesion and provides the costimulatory signal(s) to activate response.
Hard examples for resolution (1987)

Exponential lower bounds are proved for the length-of-resolution refutations of sets of disjunctions constructed from expander graphs, using the method of Tseitin. Since these sets of clauses encode biconditionals, they have short (polynomial-length) refutations in a standard axiomatic formulation of propositional calculus.
Vacuum structure of Carbon Nanotube Torus (2001)

Low energy excitations in carbon nanotubes can be described by an effective field theory of two components spinor. It is pointed out that the chiral anomaly in 1+1 dimensions should be observed in a metallic toroidal carbon nanotube on a planar geometry with varying magnetic field. We propose an experimental setup for studying this quantum effect. We also analyze the vacuum structure of the metallic toroidal carbon nanotube including the Coulomb interactions and discuss some effects of external charges on the vacuum.
Resource optimization using virtual machine swapping (2013)

While Virtualization has gained popularity in recent years; data centers reap the benefits of resource utilization through virtual machine migration. We present a virtual machine placement algorithm in a resource constrained environment .The first part of the algorithm deals with virtual machine migration. In the second part we implement a virtual machine swapping model that improves the complexity of finding the right neighborhood for swapping virtual machines that are running between two servers. The aim of our approach is to increase the resource utilization and reduce the resource wastage. We have evaluated the applicability of our models through experimentation and proved that our algorithm leads to efficient resource allocation.
Catalytic Asymmetric C—H Activation by Methyl Thiophen‐3‐yldiazoacetate Applied to the Synthesis of (+)‐Cetiedil. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reduction of the bacterial load by the silver-coated endotracheal tube (SCET), a laboratory investigation (1999)

Microaspiration enabled by high-volume-low-pressure cuffed endotracheal tubes is the most likely explanation for ventilator-associated pneumonia. To decontaminate the secretion at the proximal end of the cuff we developed a silver-coated endotracheal tube (SCET). In an in vitro model we investigated the efficacy of SCET to lower the bacterial load of secretion and aspirate. We developed a continuously contaminated and mechanically ventilated oropharynx-larynx-lung model to investigate the reduction of the bacterial count by SCET compared to controls. The model was continuously contaminated via the oropharynx-larynx with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. During the investigation period of 50 hours the bacterial count of oropharynx-larynx and lung was measured as colony-forming-units/ml. In addition, the characteristic curve of silver ion release of SCET was determined. SCET significantly reduced the bacterial count in oropharynx-larynx at all timepoints (p < 0.05). In lung the bacterial count was significantly lower beginning with the 36th hour of recording (p < 0.05). A reduction of greater than 2 log was found from 28 hours on in oropharynx-larynx and from 50 hours on in lung. The release of silver ions was very rapid and was described by a mono-exponential function with a time-constant tau of about 60 minutes and a saturation concentration of 200 +/- 80 microg/l. SCET showed a significant inhibition of growth of P. aeruginosa in the continuously contaminated and mechanically ventilated oropharynx-larynx-lung model. SCET by thus might be helpful in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Electrochemical Noise Resistance as a Tool for Corrosion Rate Prediction (1997)

Current and potential fluctuations (electrochemical noise [EN]) between two nominally identical carbon steel electrodes were recorded in a solution of sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) at different concentrations. After passivation was reached, pitting was induced by addition of chlorides. Data were collected with different sampling rates. Linear polarization resistances (LPR) also were measured. Electrochemical signals were transposed in the frequency domains using the fast Fourier transform. Statistical parameters from the signals in the time and in the frequency domains were compared with corrosion rates (Vc) as measured by LPR. Noise resistance (Rn) also was calculated. From standard deviation (σ) values of the current and potential noises, pitting attack was revealed at its onset. Good correlation between data from the different techniques was found. Rn gave values proportional to the polarization resistance (Rp). The issue of how sampling rate can affect EN data collection also was addressed.
Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery for Cancer (2005)

Nanobiotechnologies have been applied to improve drug delivery and to overcome some of the problems of drug delivery in cancer. These can be classified into many categories that include use of various nanoparticles, nanoencapsulation, targeted delivery to tumors of various organs, and combination with other methods of treatment of cancer such as radiotherapy. Nanoparticles are also used for gene therapy for cancer. Some of the technologies enable combination of diagnostics with therapeutics which will be important for the personalized management of cancer. Some of the limitations of these technologies and prospects for future development are discussed.