gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Level of Field Resistance to <i>Bremia lactucae</i> in Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) Cultivars Carrying the Resistance Gene <i>Dm11</i> (1992)

Abstract Forty‐one lettuce cultivars (butterhead type), carrying race‐specific resistance gene Dm 11 in combination with some others, were studied for field resistance to Bremia lactucae . Significant differences in the level of field resistance were revealed. Most of the cultivars under study were highly susceptible under field conditions. There are evident relationships between combinations of race‐specific Dm genes and field resistance. The cultivars with gene combinations Dm 2, Dm 3 and Dm 11 are susceptible. A very high level of field resistance was detected in the cultivars with combination of genes Dm 5/8, Dm 6 and Dm 16 (cvs. ‘Celia’, ‘Katanga’ and ‘Musette’). This is in close link with their Lactuca serriola origin and a high level of field resistance in progenitors.
An overview of surgical treatment modalities and emerging transcatheter interventions in the management of tricuspid valve regurgitation (2017)

Tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) is frequently encountered and is most often functional (FTR) in nature. Surgical tricuspid valve (TV) treatment is well established in specialized centers. While transcatheter therapy for other valve disease is well established, interventional treatment of TV disease is still in its early stages. With the increasing adoption of catheter-based treatments, there is a growing interest in and need for interventional treatments for TR. An extensive literature search was methodologically performed aiming for an integrative review paper. Areas covered: This review will discuss the current surgical treatment modalities and emerging transcatheter interventions in the management of TR. Furthermore, this review will describe the pathophysiology of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR), and the new 2017 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of TR. Finally, a five-year view into the future will be stated. Expert commentary: At their center, the authors have an aggressive approach for the treatment of FTR owing to its significant impact on perioperative as well as late postoperative morbidity and mortality. The authors perform TV ring annuloplasty when substantial annular dilation (≥45mm) is observed. In the future, percutaneous TV technologies might become an alternative option to treat TR patients with high surgical risk selectively.
Characterizing the correlation between video types and user quality of experience in the large-scale internet video service (2015)

The video service is one of the most important Internet services, and user quality of experience (QoE) represents the degree of recognition of the video service. Therefore, research on QoE is significant in improving the quality of the video service. Considering the influence of different factors on QoE, this paper studies the effect of video content types on QoE. In this article, we divide videos into seven types: entertainment, cartoon, sport, news, music, teleplay, specialty. Besides, we utilize user engagement to measure QoE. The study shows that the correlation which is mainly reflected in following aspects between video types and QoE is substantial. Firstly, video types can impact QoE directly. For example, the proportion of high engagement of cartoon is higher than other videos by 30%. Secondly, video types affect the distribution of the key performance indicators (KPIs). Lastly, video types influence the correlation between user engagement and KPI.
Weldline strength in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (1995)

Abstract Presence of weldlines introduces an element of uncertainty to the performance of injection molded parts. Weldlines are particularly problematic in reinforced plastics because, unlike molecular orientation in neat polymers, the flow induced fiber orientation does not relax. This paper deals with the structure and mechanical behavior of weldlines in glass fiber reinforced nylon 66, a plastic known for excellent fiber‐matrix adhesion. Two molds were used to generate weldlines: a double gated tensile sample shaped cavity in which the weldline is formed by a head‐on collision of melt fronts flowing in opposite directions and a film gated rectangular plaque with a circular insert in which the weldline formation behind the insert is followed by additional flow. In both cases the weldline zone is several millimetres wide: in the plane where the melts fronts have met fibers are oriented parallel to this plane (random‐in‐plane in the double‐gated cavity and unidirectional in the cavity with insert). The transition zone between the weldline plane and the rest of the sample is characterized by an increased presence of microvoids. Weldline tensile depends little on the fiber concentration and on the sample shape or thickness: values close to the matrix strength are found: in samples without weldlines strength increases with the fiber content. However, in instrumented impact penetration test during which the material is subjected to multiaxial loading, the weldline effect appears negligible.
Parametric model derivation of transfer function for noninvasive estimation of aortic pressure by radial tonometry (1999)

Aortic pressure can be estimated noninvasively by applying a transfer function (TF) to radial tonometry signals. This study compares the performance of prior approaches, based on Fourier transform and inverted aortic-to-radial model, with direct radial-to-aortic autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model. Simultaneous invasive aortic pressure and radial tonometry pressure were recorded during rest in 39 patients in the supine position. Individual radial-aortic TF's were estimated from 20 patients, and the average TF was used to predict aortic pressures in the remaining 19 patients. The direct average TF yielded accurate aortic systolic pressure estimation (error 0.4 +/- 2.9 mmHg) and good reproduction of the aortic pressure waveform (root mean squared error 2.2 +/- 0.9 mmHg). The inverted reverse TF (aortic radial) yielded comparable results, while the Fourier-based TF had worse performance. Individual direct TF provided improved predictive accuracy only for indexes which are based on higher frequency components of the waveform (augmentation index, systolic time period). An ARX average TF can be used to accurately estimate central aortic pressure waveform parameters from noninvasive radial pulse tracings, and its performance is superior to previous techniques.
Forward Models: Supervised Learning with a Distal Teacher (1992)

Internal models of the environment have an important role to play in adaptive systems, in general, and are of particular importance for the supervised learning paradigm. In this article we demonstrate that certain classical problems associated with the notion of the “teacher” in supervised learning can be solved by judicious use of learned internal models as components of the adaptive system. In particular, we show how supervised learning algorithms can be utilized in cases in which an unknown dynamical system intervenes between actions and desired outcomes. Our approach applies to any supervised learning algorithm that is capable of learning in multilayer networks.
A new scalable modular data acquisition system for SPECT (PET) (1998)

Describes a modular decentralized data acquisition system that continuously samples shaped PMT pulses from a SPECT detector. The pulse waveform data are used by signal processors to accurately reconstruct amplitude and time for each scintillation event. Data acquisition for a PMT channel is triggered in two alternative ways, either when its own signal exceeds a selected digital threshold, or when it receives a trigger pulse from one of its neighboring PMTs. The triggered region is restricted to seven, thirteen or nineteen neighboring PMT channels. Each acquisition module supports three PMT channels and connects to all other modules and a reconstruction computer via Firewire to cover the 72 channels in the Stockholm University/Karolinska Hospital cylindrical SPECT camera.
Foldwatch (2018)

Smartwatches are highly portable, ubiquitous devices, allowing rich interaction at a small scale. However, the display size can hinder user engagement, limit information display, and presentation style. Most research focuses on exploring ways in which the interaction area of smartwatches can be extended, although this mainly entails simple fold-out displays or additional screens. Conversely, added weight and size can hinder the wearable experience. In response, we took inspiration from origami and explored the design space for new types of lightweight, highly foldable smartwatch, by developing complex paper-prototypes which demonstrate novel ways of extending screen space. We collected data on potential input and output interaction with complex folded smartwatch displays during workshops with expert and non-expert users, discovering application ideas and additional input/output functionality. These insights were used to produce and evaluate a concept video for the FoldWatch prototype.
Numerically testing properness of descriptor systems (2012)

Algorithms for numerically testing the properness of (singular) descriptor systems are discussed. Related implementation issues for improving the computational efficiency are addressed. Numerical results obtained for a large collection of descriptor systems are compared to those delivered by state-of-the-art MATLAB tools.
Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in Gliomas and Glioma-Development (2012)

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that inhibit anti-tumor immunity through a variety of mechanisms. Malignant gliomas are heavily infiltrated by myeloid cells, some of which appear to share biological functions of MDSCs. Our data with mouse de novo gliomas indicate critical roles of these cells in glioma development. This review summarizes the current understanding of MDSC biology in gliomas and discusses therapeutic interventions that can safely reverse the suppressive effects of MDSCs. The insight gained from these findings may lead to the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for gliomas.
Incorporation of H218O into the C.ALPHA. but not the C.BETA. position in degradation of a .BETA.-O-4 lignin substructure model by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (1984)

Degradation of a β-O-4 lignin substructure model dimer by a white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, was investigated using a culture containing H218O, and the following conclusions were made, a) The direct hydrolysis at Cβ of the β-O-4 dimer was not involved in formation of arylglycerol. b) About halfofthe oxygen at the benzyl (Cα position of the glycerol was derived from H2O (H218O) and the other half was from the oxygen at the benzyl (Cα) position of the substrate β-O-4 dimer. c) But, the oxygen at the Cα position of the substrate β-O-4 dimer did not migrate to the Cβ position of the aryglycerol.
An Update on the Health Effects of Tomato Lycopene (2010)

Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid that is responsible for the red to pink colors seen in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and other foods. Processed tomato products are the primary dietary lycopene source in the United States. Unlike many other natural compounds, lycopene is generally stable to processing when present in the plant tissue matrix. Recently, lycopene has also been studied in relation to its potential health effects. Although promising data from epidemiological, as well as cell culture and animal, studies suggest that lycopene and the consumption of lycopene containing foods may affect cancer or cardiovascular disease risk, more clinical trial data is needed to support this hypothesis. In addition, future studies are required to understand the mechanism(s) whereby lycopene or its metabolites are proven to possess biological activity in humans.
IEEE 802.11 Multi-hop Ad Hoc Network에서의 동기식 에너지 절감 프로토콜 (2005)

거의 모든 종류의 이동기기에서 에너지를 절감하는 것은 중요한 연구주제들중의 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 낮은 전원을 소모하는 슬립 모드로의 전환이 가능한 노드들로 구성된 MANET(mobile ad hoc networks)에서 에너지를 절감하는 새로운 프로토콜을 설계한다. 본 논문에서 고려하고 있는 MANET는 예측할 수 없는 호스트의 이동성, 멀티홉에서의 호스트들 간의 통신 그리고 비동기적인 메커니즘을 사용하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 특히 우리는 노드의 동기화가 에너지 절감 프로토콜의 복잡성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 연구한다. 또한 IEEE 802.11기반 multi-hop ad hoc network에 적용할 수 있고 동기적으로 전원을 관리하는 SPFAI(Synchoronous PFAI), ESPFAI(Efficient SPFAI), NSPFAI(Non-MTIM SPFAI)의 세가지 에너지 절감 프로토콜을 제안한다.
Effect of Mn additive amount on microstructure and biological corrosion resistance of Mg-2Zn alloy (2012)

Effect of the addition amount of Mn on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-2Zn alloy was studied.The results indicated that microstructures of three different Mn content Mg-2Zn alloy have no significant difference.However,more Mn phase precipitate from microstructure when the addition amount of Mn was up to 0.5%.The results of electrochemical and immersion testing showed that the corrosion resistance performance of Mg-2Zn-0.2Mn and Mg-2Zn-0.5Mn have no significant difference.However,the corrosion resistance of Mg-2Zn-1.0Mn alloy decreased more significantly.
Biomechanical Strain Analysis at the Interface of Brain and Nanowire Electrodes on a Neural Probe (2011)

The viability of neural probes with microelectrodes for neural recording and stimulation in the brain is important for the development of neuroprosthetic devices. Vertically aligned nanowire microelectrode arrays can significantly enhance the capabilities of neuroprosthetic devices. However, when they are implanted into the brain, micromotion and mechanical stress around the neural probe may cause tissue damage and reactive immune response, which may degrade recording signals from neurons. In this research, a finite-element model of the nanowire microelectrode and brain tissue was developed. A rigid body method was provided, and the simulation efficiency was significantly increased. The interface between the microelectrode and brain tissue was modeled by contact elements. Brain micromotion was mimicked by applying a displacement load to the electrode and fixing the boundaries of the brain region. It was observed that the vertically aligned nanostructures on the electrode of the neural probe do increase the cellular sheath area. The strain field distributions under various physical coupling cases at the interface were analyzed along with different loading effects on the neural electrode.
Answer Set Programming for Procedural Content Generation: A Design Space Approach (2011)

Procedural content generators for games produce artifacts from a latent design space. This space is often only implicitly defined, an emergent result of the procedures used in the generator. In this paper, we outline an approach to content generation that centers on explicit description of the design space, using domain-independent procedures to produce artifacts from the described space. By concisely capturing a design space as an answer set program, we can rapidly define and expressively sculpt new generators for a variety of game content domains. We walk through the reimplementation of a reference evolutionary content generator in a tutorial example, and review existing applications of answer set programming to generative-content design problems in and outside of a game context.
Surface Free Energy for the Evaluation of Asphalt Binder Stripping (2023)

Stripping is one of the major distresses within asphalt concrete pavements caused due to penetration of water within the interface of asphalt-aggregate matrix. In this work, one grade of asphalt cement (40-50) was mixed with variable percentages of three types of additives (fly ash, fumed silica, and phosphogypsum) to obtained an modified asphalt cement to resist the effect of stripping phenomena .The specimens have been tested for physical properties according to AASHTO. The surface free energy has been measured by using two methods namely, the wilhelmy technique and the Sessile drop method according to NCHRP-104 procedures. Samples of asphalt concrete using different asphalt cement and modified asphalt cement percentages(4.1,4.6 and 5.6) were prepared and tested for stripping phenomena by using Marshall Immersion method (The index of retained stability test(I.R.S) ≥75 %. When using Sessile drop method the value of surface free energy of asphalt cement grade (40-50) was about 8.8 ergs/cm2, while when using Wilhelmy technique the value of surface free energy of asphalt cement was 30.71 ergs/cm2. Finally, a mathematical relationship was obtained by using (SPSS) Software between the strippingasphalt concrete using conditioned and unconditioned specimens data (I.R.S) %, the contact angle, the total surface free energy for asphalt cement and modified asphalt cement with fume silica.
A survey of security techniques for the border gateway protocol (BGP) (2009)

Web surfing is an example (and popular) Internet application where users desire services provided by servers that exist somewhere in the Internet. To provide the service, data must be routed between the user's system and the server. Local network routing (relative to the user) can not provide a complete route for the data. In the core Internet, a portion of the network controlled by a single administrative authority, called an autonomous system (AS), provides local network support and also exchanges routing information with other ASes using the border gateway protocol (BGP). Through the BGP route exchange, a complete route for the data is created. Security at this level in the Internet is challenging due to the lack of a single administration point and because there are numerous ASes which interact with one another using complex peering policies. This work reviews recent techniques to secure BGP. These security techniques are categorized as follows: 1) cryptographic/attestation, 2) database, 3) overlay/group protocols, 4) penalty, and 5) data-plane testing. The techniques are reviewed at a high level in a tutorial format, and shortcomings of the techniques are summarized as well. The depth of coverage for particular published works is intentionally kept minimal, so that the reader can quickly grasp the techniques. This survey provides a basis for evaluation of the techniques to understand coverage of published works as well as to determine the best avenues for future research.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of feedforward signal regeneration as a means of combating multipath propagation effects in pilot-based SSB mobile radio systems (1983)

A technique is described, feedforward signal regeneration (FFSR), to combat the effects of multipath propagation on VHF and UHF pilot tone single sideband (SSB) mobile radio systems. Unlike feedforward automatic gain control (FFAGC), FFSR suppresses both the random amplitude and phase fluctuations in the received signal. Extensive laboratory and field tests have shown that the operation of SSB at UHF frequencies is a viable proposition for both speech and data communication.
Psychiatric genetics – the new era: genetic research and some clinical implications (2005)

Impressive advances in the last decade have been made in the genetics and neuroscience of neuropsychiatric illness. Synergies between complex genetics, elaboration of intermediate phenotypes (Egan et al. (2004) Schizophrenia. London: Blackwell) and novel applications in neuroimaging (Bookheimer et al. (2000) N Engl J Med, 343, 450-456) are revealing the effects of positively associated disease alleles on aspects of neurological function. Genes such as NRG-1, DISC1, RGS4, COMT, PRODH, DTNBP1, G72, DAAO, GRM3 (Harrison and Weinberger (2005) Mol Psychiatry, 10, 40-68) and others have been implicated in schizophrenia along with 5-HTTPR (Ogilvie et al. (1996) Lancet, 347, 731-733; Caspi et al. (2003) Science, 301, 386-389) and BDNF (Geller et al. (2004) Am J Psychiatry, 161, 1698-1700) in affective disorders. As the genetics and complex neurocircuits of these and disorders are being untangled, parallel applications in pharmacogenomics and gene-based drug metabolism are shaping a drive for personalized medicine. Genetic research and pharmacogenomics suggest that the subcategorization of individuals based on various sets of susceptibility alleles will make the treatment of neuropsychiatric and other illnesses more predictable and effective.
Cyclodextrins Increase Surface Tension and Critical Micelle Concentrations of Detergent Solutions (1988)

Because they function as solubility enhancers! Cyclodextrins envelop the hydrophobic part of the detergent molecule in their cavity and thus destroy the formation of micelles as well as of monolayers at the air/water interface. The former increases the critical micelle concentration, the latter the surface tension. The effect is most pronounced when the cyclodextrin cavity and hydrophobic part of the detergent molecule exhibit the tightest fit. Cyclodextrins are thus suitable, inter alia, as antifoaming agents.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES ON THE PROPERTIES OF PIGMENT COATINGS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY (2014)

Due to the low-cost, earth-abundant availability and eco-friendly characteristics, cellulose derivatives (CDs) are being increasingly used as co-binders in the production of pigment coatings. In the present work, a comparative study on the effect of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the colloidal stability and rheological properties of pigment coatings was carried out. The sedimentation stability assessment results indicated that NCC replacing CMC significantly improved the colloidal stability of pigment coatings. In the presence of NCC, the resulting coatings showed no indication of sedimentation within a 48-hour storage period. Moreover, the rheological measurements revealed that all pigment coatings exhibited a strong shear-thinning behavior as the shear rate varied from 0 to 100 s -1 . When further increasing the shear rate, the pigment coatings containing NCC tended to experience a shear-thickening behavior. More importantly, NCC was found to impart lower viscosity to pigment coatings in comparison with CMC. The presence of NCC resulted in a marked decrease in average particle size of coatings, implying that NCC might act as an efficient dispersion agent in pigment coatings. In addition, it was observed that the incorporation of NCC in pigment coatings offered a relatively uniform coating layer and was effective in enhancing the hydrophobicility of coated paper.