gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the AWGN channel with noisy feedback and peak energy constraint (2010)

Optimal coding over the additive white Gaussian noise channel under the peak energy constraint is studied when there is noisy feedback over an orthogonal additive white Gaussian noise channel. Previously, Shepp, Wolf, Wyner, and Ziv, and Pinsker showed that under the peak energy constraint the best error exponent for transmission of two messages is achieved by antipodal signaling, regardless of the presence of feedback. This negative result might lead to an impression that under the peak energy constraint, even noise-free feedback does not improve the reliability of communication. Pinsker proved the contrary by showing that the best error exponent for sending M messages does not depend on M, and hence can be strictly larger than the best error exponent without feedback. This paper further extends this and shows that if the noise level in the feedback link is sufficiently small, then the best error exponent for transmission of three messages can be strictly larger than the one without feedback. This result is motivated by a series of recent papers of Burnashev and Yamamoto who considered a similar problem over binary symmetric channels.
Fast computation of C-MISR signatures (2002)

Cellular automata based signature analyzers are becoming very popular for compressing test responses in built-in self-test applications. Off-line determination of signatures (both good circuit signature and faulty circuit signatures) is a compute-intensive process that involves cycle-by-cycle simulation of the signature analyzer. In this paper, we investigate a technique for speeding up the simulation of cellular automata-based multi-input signature registers (C-MISRs). First, we describe a technique for converting a C-MISR into an equivalent single input circuit. We then present an algorithm for parallelizing the simulation of these single input circuits.
A software radio for second- and third-generation mobile systems (2002)

This paper picks up the interesting technology of software radio. An explanation of the term software radio is given and differences between civilian and military applications are described. For the frequency region of second- and third-generation mobile cellular systems, the construction of a software radio terminal is investigated. Radiofrequency as well as intermediate-frequency processing and complex base-band processing are discussed. It is shown that all important mobile radio interfaces can be described by parameter lists and that a software radio can be reconfigured by using these parameter lists. With this strategy, interstandard handover becomes feasible. At the same time, the hardware effort is minimized.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nanopore-Based Electrodes with Radii down to 2 nm (2005)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of gold nanoelectrodes with carefully controlled nanometer dimensions in a matrix of insulating silicon nitride. A focused electron beam was employed to drill nanopores in a thin silicon nitride membrane. The size and shape of the nanopores were studied with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron-energy-loss two-dimensional maps. The pores were subsequently filled with gold, yielding conically shaped nanoelectrodes. The nanoelectrodes were examined by atomic and electrostatic force microscopy. Their applicability in electrochemistry was demonstrated by steady-state cyclic voltammetry. Pores with a radii down to 0.4 nm and electrodes with radii down to 2 nm are demonstrated.
Why are eye muscles frequently involved in myasthenia gravis? (1990)

Weakness of extraocular muscle (EOM) ocurs in close to 90% of myasthenics at disease onset, and at least 15% of all myasthenics will manifest only ocular signs. This article explores functional, physiologic, and antigenic differences between extremitgy muscle and EOM than may contribute to thye frequent involvement of EOM in MG
Metallic Magnetic Nanoparticles (2005)

In this paper, we reviewed some relevant aspects of the magnetic properties of metallic nanoparticles with small size (below 4 nm), covering the size effects in nanoparticles of magnetic materials, as well as the appearance of magnetism at the nanoscale in materials that are nonferromagnetic in bulk. These results are distributed along the text that has been organized around three important items: fundamental magnetic properties, different fabrication procedures, and characterization techniques. A general introduction and some experimental results recently obtained in Pd and Au nanoparticles have also been included. Finally, the more promising applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine are indicated. Special care was taken to complete the literature available on the subject.
Additively Manufacturing Nitinol as a Solid-State Phase Change Material (2020)

This study reports the use of Additively Manufactured nitinol as a high-performance metallic solid-solid phase change material. Compared to standard phase change materials, which offer point solutions, it's shown here that latent heat, thermal conductivity, and transformation temperature can be tuned in additively manufactured nitinol by adjusting the chemistry, processing parameters, and heat treatment. Leveraging these results, a 28% reduction in peak temperature during a simulated transient electronic application is demonstrated. It's anticipated that these perennial results, combined with future optimization efforts, will encourage new phase change material development and architecture designs.
Preservation of Fabric Filter Dust Cake Samples (1983)

Technique permettant de stabiliser les echantillons en vue de leur etude ulterieure, en particulier de leur microstructure, et consistant a faire diffuser une resine epoxy dans le gâteau de poussiere
An Abnormal Area Scanning for Scalable and Energy-Efficient and Secure SensorNet Management (2008)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a very attractive technique for a variety of applications due to many merits such as compact form, low-power and potential low cost. However, the more the number of sensor node is increased, the more difficult the manager monitors WSNs individually. And faults such as the malfunction of the sensor device itself are common due to the vulnerable security. Therefore, a new approach to manage secure sensorNet considering scalability, energy- efficiency and faulty tendency is needed. Therefore, we propose an abnormal area scanning algorithm using spatial, temporal correlation and in-network aggregation for scalable and energy- efficient secure sensorNet management. Simulations show that our scheme has good scalability and energy-efficiency characteristics, compared to the previous scheme and it can clearly identify the abnormal sensors with high accuracy even in the existence of normal sensors, abnormal sensor and event- detecting sensors.
Optofluidic phantom mimicking optical properties of porcine livers (2011)

One strategy for assessing efficacy of a liver transplant is to monitor perfusion and oxygenation after transplantation. An implantable optical sensor is being developed to overcome inadequacies of current monitoring approaches. To facilitate sensor design while minimizing animal use, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based liver phantom was developed to mimic the optical properties of porcine liver in the 630-1000 nm wavelength range and the anatomical geometry of liver parenchyma. Using soft lithography to construct microfluidic channels in pigmented elastomer enabled the 2D approximation of hexagonal liver lobules with 15mm sinusoidal channels, which will allow perfusion with blood-mimicking fluids to facilitate the development of the liver perfusion and oxygenation monitoring system.
Short-lived particles (1996)

We can divide the brief history of research on elementary particles into a number of periods, among them times of bewilderment and confusion and others of astounding discoveries; periods characterized by feverish study concentrated on a single subject, and periods during which progress was made on many fronts. During the years between 1947, the year the first V-tracks were discovered, and 1953, when the ‘strangeness’ idea was first proposed, experimental efforts were concentrated on the study of strange particles. Towards the end of the 1950s and during the early 1960s interest turned towards a new type of extremely short-lived particles, which were termed resonances.
Issues in developing integrated genomic databases and application to the human X chromosome. (1998)

hrc@genoscope.cns.fr
Rmax : A systematic approach to evaluate instrument sort performance using center stream catch (2015)

Sorting performance can be evaluated with regard to Purity, Yield and/or Recovery of the sorted fraction. Purity is a check on the quality of the sample and the sort decisions made by the instrument. Recovery and Yield definitions vary with some authors regarding both as how efficient the instrument is at sorting the target particles from the original sample, others distinguishing Recovery from Yield, where the former is used to describe the accuracy of the instrument's sort count. Yield and Recovery are often neglected, mostly due to difficulties in their measurement. Purity of the sort product is often cited alone but is not sufficient to evaluate sorting performance. All of these three performance metrics require re-sampling of the sorted fraction. But, unlike Purity, calculating Yield and/or Recovery calls for the absolute counting of particles in the sorted fraction, which may not be feasible, particularly when dealing with rare populations and precious samples. In addition, the counting process itself involves large errors. Here we describe a new metric for evaluating instrument sort Recovery, defined as the number of particles sorted relative to the number of original particles to be sorted. This calculation requires only measuring the ratios of target and non-target populations in the original pre-sort sample and in the waste stream or center stream catch (CSC), avoiding re-sampling the sorted fraction and absolute counting. We called this new metric Rmax, since it corresponds to the maximum expected Recovery for a particular set of instrument parameters. Rmax is ideal to evaluate and troubleshoot the optimum drop-charge delay of the sorter, or any instrument related failures that will affect sort performance. It can be used as a daily quality control check but can be particularly useful to assess instrument performance before single-cell sorting experiments. Because we do not perturb the sort fraction we can calculate Rmax during the sort process, being especially valuable to check instrument performance during rare population sorts.
Attenuation of pain-related hyperventilation in adjuvant arthritic rats with adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal subarachnoid space (1995)

The adjuvant arthritic rat model has been utilized for the study of chronic pain, as polyarthritic rats present a variety of symptoms similar to those seen in human chronic pain conditions. In particular, hyperventilatory responses are notable in both and may more accurately reflect basal ongoing pain than do evoked noxious stimuli. To assess whether adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal subarachnoid space can alleviate basal arthritic pain, respiratory parameters were determined using whole body plesthmography in polyarthritic rats. Arthritis was induced by inoculation with an intradermal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Steady-state ventilation was monitored at weekly intervals in arthritic animals with adrenal medullary or control striated muscle transplants. Results revealed that adjuvant arthritis produced significant hyperventilation in animals with control transplants, as indicated by increased tidal volumes and minute ventilation, which paralleled the progression of the inflammatory process. In contrast, this hyperventilation was eliminated by adrenal medullary transplants. A role for catecholamines and opioid peptides released from the transplants was suggested by the reversal of these effects with phentolamine and naloxone. In addition, the retardation in weight gain normally observed in polyarthritic animals was markedly attenuated by adrenal medullary, but not control transplants. These findings indicate that adrenal medullary transplants in the spinal subarachnoid space can alleviate basal chronic pain as assessed in adjuvant arthritis.
Loading data into description reasoners (1993)

Knowledge-base management systems (KBMS) based on description logics are being used in a variety of situations where access is needed to large amounts of data stored in existing relational databases. We present the architecture and algorithms of a system that converts most of the inferences made by the KBMS into a collection of SQL queries, thereby relying on the optimization facilities of existing DBMS to gain efficiency, while maintaining an object-centered view of the world with a substantive semantics and significantly different reasoning facilities than those provided by Relational DBMS and their deductive extensions. We address a number of optimization issues that arise in the translation process due to the fact that SQL queries with different syntax (but identical semantics) are not treated uniformly by current database management systems.
Machine Learning on Human Connectome Data from MRI (2016)

Functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion MRI (dMRI) are non-invasive imaging modalities that allow in-vivo analysis of a patient's brain network (known as a connectome). Use of these technologies has enabled faster and better diagnoses and treatments of neurological disorders and a deeper understanding of the human brain. Recently, researchers have been exploring the application of machine learning models to connectome data in order to predict clinical outcomes and analyze the importance of subnetworks in the brain. Connectome data has unique properties, which present both special challenges and opportunities when used for machine learning. The purpose of this work is to review the literature on the topic of applying machine learning models to MRI-based connectome data. This field is growing rapidly and now encompasses a large body of research. To summarize the research done to date, we provide a comparative, structured summary of 77 relevant works, tabulated according to different criteria, that represent the majority of the literature on this topic. (We also published a living version of this table online at http://connectomelearning.cs.sfu.ca that the community can continue to contribute to.) After giving an overview of how connectomes are constructed from dMRI and fMRI data, we discuss the variety of machine learning tasks that have been explored with connectome data. We then compare the advantages and drawbacks of different machine learning approaches that have been employed, discussing different feature selection and feature extraction schemes, as well as the learning models and regularization penalties themselves. Throughout this discussion, we focus particularly on how the methods are adapted to the unique nature of graphical connectome data. Finally, we conclude by summarizing the current state of the art and by outlining what we believe are strategic directions for future research.
IL-22 and IDO1 Affect Immunity and Tolerance to Murine and Human Vaginal Candidiasis (2013)

The ability to tolerate Candida albicans, a human commensal of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina, implicates that host defense mechanisms of resistance and tolerance cooperate to limit fungal burden and inflammation at the different body sites. We evaluated resistance and tolerance to the fungus in experimental and human vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) as well as in recurrent VVC (RVVC). Resistance and tolerance mechanisms were both activated in murine VVC, involving IL-22 and IL-10-producing regulatory T cells, respectively, with a major contribution by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). IDO1 was responsible for the production of tolerogenic kynurenines, such that replacement therapy with kynurenines restored immunoprotection to VVC. In humans, two functional genetic variants in IL22 and IDO1 genes were found to be associated with heightened resistance to RVVC, and they correlated with increased local expression of IL-22, IDO1 and kynurenines. Thus, IL-22 and IDO1 are crucial in balancing resistance with tolerance to Candida, their deficiencies are risk factors for RVVC, and targeting tolerance via therapeutic kynurenines may benefit patients with RVVC.
Study of pro-inflammatory cytokine, signaling factors and negative regulatory factors of signal pathways of Toll-like receptor in children with sepsis (2008)

Objective To investigate role of negative regulatory factors of signal pathways of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in aberrant inflammatory response of septic children. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and serum were obtained from 10 children with sepsis, 13 children with severe sepsis and 17 age-matched healthy controls. Real time-PCR were used to evaluated the mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IRAK-4, TRAF6, TAB2 TAK1, SIGIRR, DAP12, FLN29, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a. Pro-inflammatory cytokines( IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay(ELISA). Results (1) Compared with the healthy control groups, gene expression and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cy-tokine(IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a) were significantly increased in sepsis groups and severe sepsis groups(P <0.01). (2) Compared with the healthy control group, the levels of mRNA expression of TLRs signal pathway molecules (TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, IRAK4, TAB2 and TAK1 ) were significantly increased in sepsis groups and severe sepsis groups(P<0.01). (3) Compared with the healthy control groups, the mRNA expression levels of negative regulators of TLRs pathways( ISIGIRR, DAP12 and FLN29) were significantly increased in sepsis groups, but the expression levels of these negative regulator in severe sepsis groups were significantly decreased than those in sepsis groups(P < 0.01 ). Conclusion Aberrant activation of TLRs pathways and aberrant expression of the negative regulators in TLR-like receptor signaling might play an important role in the development of abnormal inflammatory response in septic children.

Key words: 
Sepsis;  Toll-like receptor;  Regulatory factor;  Systemic inflamatory response syndrome; Children
Reassessment of an Innovative Insulin Analogue Excludes Protracted Action yet Highlights the Distinction between External and Internal Diselenide Bridges (2020)

Long-acting insulin analogues represent the most prescribed class of therapeutic proteins. An innovative design strategy was recently proposed: diselenide substitution of an external disulfide bridge. This approach exploited the distinctive physicochemical properties of selenocysteine (U). Relative to wild type (WT), Se-insulin[C7U<sup>A</sup> , C7U<sup>B</sup> ] was reported to be protected from proteolysis by insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), predicting prolonged activity. Because of this strategy's novelty and potential clinical importance, we sought to validate these findings and test their therapeutic utility in an animal model of diabetes mellitus. Surprisingly, the analogue did not exhibit enhanced stability, and its susceptibility to cleavage by either IDE or a canonical serine protease (glutamyl endopeptidase Glu-C) was similar to WT. Moreover, the analogue's pharmacodynamic profile in rats was not prolonged relative to a rapid-acting clinical analogue (insulin lispro). Although [C7U<sup>A</sup> , C7U<sup>B</sup> ] does not confer protracted action, nonetheless its comparison to internal diselenide bridges promises to provide broad biophysical insight.
Studies on the Constituents of Himalayan Ginseng, Panax pseudoginseng. I. The Structures of the Saponins. (1) (1973)

The chemical structures of saponin-A (I) (=chikusetsusaponin V), C48H76O19, [a]20D+14.5° (MeOH) and saponin-D (V) (=ginsenoside Rb1), C54H92O23, [a]20D+15.78° (MeOH), which were isolated from Panax pseudoginseng subsp. himalaicus var. angustifolius (Araliaceae), were established on the basis of physical data and chemical investigations.
Electrodeposition of Titania Thin Films on Metallic Surface for High‐ <i>k</i> Dielectric Applications (2009)

Current microelectronics devices based on flexible as well as rigid substrates demand high dielectric constant ( k ) films to be grown on conductive substrate from a low‐cost, low‐temperature deposition technique. In this study, we produced high‐ k titania (TiO 2 ) films through an affordable electrodeposition protocol from the electrochemical bath maintained at about 0°C. The deposition occurs through a rapid hydrolysis mechanism of titanium containing ions in the precursor solution aided by electrochemically generated hydroxyl ions formed near the cathode surface (copper (Cu) substrate). Upon attaining a sufficient supersaturation level, such hydrolyzed species precipitate to form a titania thin film on the cathode surface. While depositing from a highly acidic precursor solution, Cu substrate was protected by a cathodic potential (−3 to −5 V against the counter electrode). The resultant titania films show nanoparticulate structures evolved from nucleation and growth events of the in situ precipitated particles. Much higher deposition rate (about 1 μm/min) was observed compared with that of typical chemical bath deposition. The resultant films with a thickness of 1500 nm grown on Cu exhibit very high dielectric properties (e.g., k ∼30, capacitance density >110 nF/in. 2 at 100 kHz) and moderate breakdown voltage ( V B ) (∼17.5 V). These properties indicate the potential of electrodeposited titania films to be used as a small‐area thin‐film capacitor for miniaturized electronic devices.
Micromagnetics of Percolated Perpendicular Media (2007)

In this paper, we present a systematic micromagnetic analysis on the magnetic properties, thermal magnetic stability, and recording performance of percolated perpendicular media (PPM), a novel film microstructure of exchange coupled small-size magnetic grains with densely distributed nonmagnetic pinning sites. The analysis shows that the PPM microstructure can substantially reduce medium noise over the conventional granular perpendicular media while maintaining sufficient magnetic stability
SERVO PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF HIGH SPEED FEED DRIVES BY DAMPING CONTROL (2000)

The Heymann nephritis antigenic complex (HNAC) consists of two glycoproteins, megalin (gp330), and the receptor-associated protein (RAP). HNAC is expressed on the surface of the glomerular epithelium where it plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of Heymann nephritis (HN). Several models were previously proposed describing how antibody binding epitopes in HNAC may contribute to the initiation and progression of HN. Although these models suggest that nephritogenic epitopes capable of initiating HN are present in both megalin and RAP, the structural relationship between these epitopes has not been established. Previously a nephritogenic epitope was identified and characterized in RAP that initiates immune complex formation in HN. In this report, the immunologic relationship between nephritogenic epitopes in megalin and RAP were examined to determine whether these epitopes are immunologically distinct or antigenically related. To this end, a polyclonal antibody to megalin was generated that does not recognize RAP by immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation and whether this antibody is capable of inducing passive HN was determined. It was found that antimegalin antibodies devoid of RAP cross-reactivity induced the formation of subepithelial immune deposits (passive HN) when injected into rats. Antibodies eluted from glomeruli of the injected rats recognized only megalin by immunoblotting a cortical extract and did not recognize a RAP fusion protein or any other renal protein. In addition, the eluted antibodies immunoprecipitated two proteolytic fragments of megalin (140 and 75 kd) identifying a pathogenic epitope within a smaller fragment of megalin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)