gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigenotoxic properties of lactic acid bacteria in the <i>S. typhimurium</i> mutagenicity assay (1993)

A high percentage of human tumors is reported to be related to dietary habits. One way to improve the nutritional impact is to increase the intake of protective factors, such as inhibitors of DNA damage and other types of anticarcinogens. Specific strains of lactic acid bacteria used to ferment milk are promising candidates that may be antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic. We have studied the antimutagenicity of 10 isolated strains of beneficial lactic acid bacteria. Four types of fermented milk products were also studied for their protective properties. The effect of these bacteria on the yield of revertants induced by nitrosated beef extract was investigated in the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. Eight of 10 isolated Lactobacillus strains reduced the yield of his+ revertants almost back to the levels of the untreated controls. Different fermented fresh yogurts containing viable bacteria (probably Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus or Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria) showed protective effects as well. The degree of suppressing revertants was independent of the yogurt's fat content. In contrast, yogurt products that had been heat treated were not inhibitory. The other fresh fermented milk products (e.g., buttermilk, kefir, and "Dickmilch") were not antimutagenic in this study. The results imply that some bacteria used in milk processing have an antimutagenic potential and that this property is specific for the bacterial strain.
Effect of short-term systemic glucocorticoid treatment on human nasal mediator release after antigen challenge. (1987)

The effect of systemic glucocorticoid treatment on early- and late-phase nasal allergic reactions after allergen challenge was determined in a double-blind, cross-over study in 13 allergic individuals. The subjects were pretreated for 2 d before challenge with 60 mg prednisone per day or a matching placebo. A previously described model using repeated nasal lavages for measuring mediator release in vivo was utilized. Symptom scores obtained repeatedly before, during, and after the challenge and the number and timing of sneezes were recorded. The mediators measured were histamine. N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase activity, kinins, PGD2, and LTC4/D4. Albumin was also measured as a marker of plasma transudation. Blood samples were taken for determination of total number of white blood cells, differential count, and total blood histamine content. No effect of steroid therapy was found on the appearance of symptoms or any of the mediators, except a reduction in kinins, in the early phase of the allergic reaction. However, in the late phase, the prednisone reduced the number of sneezes (P less than 0.01), as well as the level of histamine (P less than 0.05), TAME-esterase activity (P less than 0.05), kinins (P less than 0.05), and albumin (P less than 0.05). Only low levels of leukotrienes were found in the late phase, but the quantities of these mediators seemed to be decreased by the glucocorticoid treatment (P = 0.06). PGD2 did not increase during the LPR and thus was not affected by glucocorticosteroids. The immediate response to a second challenge 11 h after the first was also evaluated. Whereas the appearance of mediators was enhanced over the initial response to the same challenge dose in placebo-treated subjects, this enhancement was abrogated after prednisone treatment. As this dose of drug is known to be clinically effective in treating hay fever, the present study confirms the earlier findings of others that short-term systemic glucocorticoid treatment inhibits the late phase but not the immediate phase of antigen challenge. Furthermore, secondary enhancement of immediate responses is inhibited. This study shows that glucocorticoids inhibit the generation or release of inflammatory mediators during the late reaction and the physiologic response.
Leukocyte interferon-induced myeloid cytoreduction in chronic myelogenous leukemia (1983)

We investigated the antiproliferative effect of partially purified human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha) given in a dose of 9–15 X 10(6) U daily by intramuscular injection to 7 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Hematologic remission of the disease was obtained in 5 patients. Among the responding patients, the mean white blood cell count decreased from 97.4 X 10(3)/cu mm (range from 35 X 10(3)/cu mm to 239 X 10(3)/cu mm) to 4.2 X 10(2)/cu mm (range from 3.0 X 10(3) to 7.9 X 10(3) cu/mm). Parallel reduction occurred in serum B12, from a mean of 1,435 pg/ml to a mean of 726 pg/ml, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, from a mean of 325 mU/ml to 112 mU/ml. Enlarged spleens decreased in 3 of 3 patients. The 5 responding patients have been maintained on HuIFN-alpha, 3 X 10(6) U daily or every other day, for 6+-35+ wk.
Multi-channel Audio Service in a Terrestrial-DMB System Using VSLI-Based Spatial Audio Coding (2005)

Spatial audio coding (SAC) is an extremely high compact representation of encoded multi-channel audio material. This paper suggests a multi-channel audio service in the terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) system using a novel SAC tool, which is called a virtual source location information (VSLI)-based SAC tool. Intensive experiments are presented to evaluate the validity of the proposed VSLI-based SAC tool, and prototypical systems are also presented to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed multi-channel T-DMB system in real applications.
A language model for statements of software code (2017)

Building language models for source code enables a large set of improvements on traditional software engineering tasks. One promising application is automatic code completion. State-of-the-art techniques capture code regularities at token level with lexical information. Such language models are more suitable for predicting short token sequences, but become less effective with respect to long statement level predictions. In this paper, we have proposed PCC to optimize the token-level based language modeling. Specifically, PCC introduced an intermediate representation (IR) for source code, which puts tokens into groups using lexeme and variable relative order. In this way, PCC is able to handle long token sequences, i.e., group sequences, to suggest a complete statement with the precise synthesizer. Further more, PCC employed a fuzzy matching technique which combined genetic and longest common subsequence algorithms to make the prediction more accurate. We have implemented a code completion plugin for Eclipse and evaluated it on open-source Java projects. The results have demonstrated the potential of PCC in generating precise long statement level predictions. In 30%-60% of the cases, it can correctly suggest the complete statement with only six candidates, and 40%-90% of the cases with ten candidates.
Inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling downregulates P‐glycoprotein and reverses multi‐drug resistance of cholangiocarcinoma (2013)

The development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle in the successful treatment of cancers. However, the factors and mechanisms that lead to MDR in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a chemoresistant bile duct carcinoma with a poor prognosis, remain unclear. In this study, we established a human MDR CCA cell line QBC939/5-FU. Compared with QBC939 cells, a rounder shape, a higher nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, a shorter cell cycle, faster growth and resistance to chemotherapeutics are major characteristics of QBC939/5-FU cells. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and β-catenin were upregulated in QBC939/5-FU cells. Furthermore, the drug susceptibility of QBC939 cells to common chemotherapeutics was significantly decreased after Wnt3a treatment, whereas inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by β-catenin siRNA reversed the MDR of QBC939/5-FU cells to chemotherapeutics. Molecular study revealed that activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway resulted in upregulation of P-gp and contributed to MDR of QBC939/5-FU cells. Extraction of Siamese Crocodile 3 (ESC-3) bile enhanced the drug sensitivity of QBC939/5-FU cells to 5-FU, paralleled with downregulation of β-catenin and P-gp. The association of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and P-gp was further confirmed by the clinical data for CCA tissues. Our study represents the first implication of Wnt/β-catenin activation in the MDR of CCA, which may be a beneficial target for the clinical treatment of CCA.
Harvest Maturity, Storage Temperature, and 1-MCP Application Frequency Alter Firmness Retention and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of `Redchief Delicious' Apples (2001)

Fruit of `Redchief Delicious' apple [ Malus sylvestris (L) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] were harvested 1 week before the climacteric (harvest 1), at the onset of the climacteric (harvest 2), and 1 week after the onset of the climacteric (harvest 3). Fruit were stored at 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 °C and were treated with 0.7 μL·L -1 1-MCP on a once-per-week, once-per-2-week, once-per-month, and once-per-year basis or were left nontreated. The initial 1-MCP treatment was at 20 °C and subsequent applications were at storage temperatures. The compound slowed softening at all temperatures relative to nontreated fruit, however as temperature decreased, the benefits of 1-MCP application became less pronounced. Effectiveness of 1-MCP declined slightly as harvest maturity increased. Efficacy of 1-MCP treatment increased with greater frequency of application at 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C, but not at 0 °C. Fruit stored without refrigeration (20 °C) for more than 100 days did not soften significantly when treated once per week with 1-MCP. However, decay was a significant problem for treated and nontreated fruit stored at temperatures >5 °C; 1-MCP application reduced, but did not prevent decay. Rate of decline in titratable acidity increased with storage temperature and 1-MCP had no significant effect on retarding the decline in acid content. Minimal (Fo) and maximal (Fm) chlorophyll fluorescence was altered markedly by 1-MCP application, but the ratio of (Fm-Fo)/Fm was only slightly affected. The most effective 1-MCP treatment frequency was once per week and, at all elevated temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C), slowed loss of firmness to a greater extent than refrigeration (0 °C) alone. Application of 1-MCP resulted in greater retention of firmness than controlled atmosphere (CA) with O 2 and CO 2 at 1.5 kPa and 3 kPa, respectively. Data suggest that 1-MCP application, has the potential to reduce reliance on refrigeration and CA storage for maintaining firmness of `Redchief Delicious' apple, especially for relatively short storage durations (<50 days) when fruit are harvested within a week of the ethylene climacteric. Chemical name used: 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP).
Virtual Superheroes: Using Superpowers in Virtual Reality to Encourage Prosocial Behavior (2013)

The results indicate that having the "superpower" of flight leads to greater helping behavior in the real world, regardless of how participants used that power. A possible mechanism for this result is that having the power of flight primed concepts and prototypes associated with superheroes (e.g., Superman). This research illustrates the potential of using experiences in virtual reality technology to increase prosocial behavior in the physical world.
Glycoengineering of E-Selectin Ligands by Intracellular versus Extracellular Fucosylation Differentially Affects Osteotropism of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2016)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise in cellular therapeutics for skeletal diseases but lack expression of E-selectin ligands that direct homing of blood-borne cells to bone marrow. Previously, we described a method to engineer E-selectin ligands on the MSC surface by exofucosylating cells with fucosyltransferase VI (FTVI) and its donor sugar, GDP-Fucose, enforcing transient surface expression of the potent E-selectin ligand HCELL with resultant enhanced osteotropism of intravenously administered cells. Here, we sought to determine whether E-selectin ligands created via FTVI-exofucosylation are distinct in identity and function to those created by FTVI expressed intracellularly. To this end, we introduced synthetic modified mRNA encoding FTVI (FUT6-modRNA) into human MSCs. FTVI-exofucosylation (i.e., extracellular fucosylation) and FUT6-modRNA transfection (i.e., intracellular fucosylation) produced similar peak increases in cell surface E-selectin ligand levels, and shear-based functional assays showed comparable increases in tethering/rolling on human endothelial cells expressing E-selectin. However, biochemical analyses revealed that intracellular fucosylation induced expression of both intracellular and cell surface E-selectin ligands and also induced a more sustained expression of E-selectin ligands compared to extracellular fucosylation. Notably, live imaging studies to assess homing of human MSC to mouse calvarium revealed more osteotropism following intravenous administration of intracellularly-fucosylated cells compared to extracellularly-fucosylated cells. This study represents the first direct analysis of E-selectin ligand expression programmed on human MSCs by FTVI-mediated intracellular versus extracellular fucosylation. The observed differential biologic effects of FTVI activity in these two contexts may yield new strategies for improving the efficacy of human MSCs in clinical applications. Stem Cells 2016;34:2501-2511.
In-Situ Tribochemical Formation of Self-Lubricating DLC Films. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Excavation across the Dere Street Roman Road at Dun Law, Scottish Borders (2014)

Dere Street Roman Road was strategically important to the Roman army. It was built in the late 1st century ad to enable the advance of the Roman Army, commanded by Agricola, into the hostile territories of what is now Scotland. This eastern arterial road linked the Roman legionary forts of Eburacum (York) and Inchtuthil near Perth, and continued to be used through the medieval period, its longevity of use standing as a testament to Roman engineering and road construction. In 2007 an archaeological excavation made an exciting discovery which sheds new light on construction techniques employed by Agricola’s legionnaires and demonstrates their adaptive ability to use whatever local resources were at hand to engineer a solution for crossing difficult terrain. As an archaeological response to a proposal to extend the existing Dun Law Windfarm, excavations were conducted by CFA Archaeology Ltd across what was believed to be the course of Dere Street running across Dun Law, a prominent, but wet and boggy, hillside in the Scottish Borders (NGR: NT 4643 5663). The excavations discovered a surviving section of the road, which at that point traversed a palaeochannel by means of a latticework of logs and a mat of branchwood.
A Programmable Impedance Tuner with a High Resolution Using a 0.18-um CMOS SOI Process for Improved Linearity (2019)

In this paper, a novel coupler/reflection-type programmable electronic impedance tuner combined with switches that were fabricated by a 0.18-um complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process is proposed for replacement of the conventional mechanical tuner in power amplifier (PA) load-pull test. By employing the multi-stacked field-effect transistors (FETs) as a single-branch switch, the proposed tuner has the advantage of precise impedance variation with systematic and magnitude and phase adjustment. Additionally, it led to high standing wave ratio (SWR) coverage and a good impedance resolution with a high power handling capability. Furthermore, the double-branch based on multi-stacked FET was applied to switches for additional enhancement of the intermodulation distortion (IMD) performance through the mitigated drain-source voltage of the single-FET. Drawing upon the measurement results, we demonstrated that SWR changed from 2 to 6 sequentially with a 12–15° phase angle step over a mid/high-band range of a 1.5–2.1 GHz band for 3G/4G handset application. In addition, the PA load-pull measurement results obtained using the proposed tuners verified their practicality and competitive performance with mechanical tuners. Finally, the measured linearity using the double-branch switch demonstrated the good IMD3 performance of −78 dBc, and this result is noteworthy when compared with conventional electronic impedance tuners.
A fuzzy evolutionary approach for collaborative clustering in multi-agent systems with application to emergent virtual organizations (2003)

An approach to dynamic collaborative clustering in multi-agent systems is proposed. The approach determines the optimal configuration of an emergent virtual organization by clustering the best partners for each activity contributing towards the organizations' goal. The approach consists of two parts: 1) in a dynamic, ever expanding agent domain it performs an open evolutionary search for the best possible partners to be added to the organization; and 2) it uses fuzzy entropy minimization to continuously maintain the optimal configuration of the partnering agents in terms of their interactions to best fulfill the global goal of the organization.
A combination of Quality FunctionDeployment and Analytic Network Processto evaluate urban redevelopment projects: Anapplication to the Belle de Mai – La Friche ofMarseille, France (2011)

This paper proposes a methodological framework to integrate stakeholders' requirements and different aspects of urban redevelopment projects. We propose the application of the multi-criteria decision analysis techniques combined of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) in order to evaluate the revitalization projects for areas where an industrial past has vanished from an economical point of view, but still remains in the character of the buildings and the area. This work illustrates the application of the methodological framework in order to evaluate the principals aspects of the transformation of the site Belle de Mai - La Friche in Marseille, a former tobacco factory where, since the early 1990s, the 45,000 m 2 have been a centre for contemporary cultural and artistic events. Trough a combination of QFD and ANP we intend to verify the possibility of this procedure can contribute to the decision-making process and the general consensus.
<scp>l</scp>-Proline Derived Bifunctional Organocatalysts: Enantioselective Michael Addition of Dithiomalonates to <i>trans</i>-β-Nitroolefins (2016)

A series of novel L-proline derived tertiary amine bifunctional organocatalysts 9 are reported, which were applied to the asymmetric Michael addition of dithiomalonates 2 to trans-β-nitroolefins 1. The reaction proceeded in high yields (up to 99%) with high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). The synthetic utility of this methodology was demonstrated in the short synthesis of (R)-phenibut in high yield.
Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths — United States, 2010–2015 (2016)

The U.S. opioid epidemic is continuing, and drug overdose deaths nearly tripled during 1999-2014. Among 47,055 drug overdose deaths that occurred in 2014 in the United States, 28,647 (60.9%) involved an opioid (1). Illicit opioids are contributing to the increase in opioid overdose deaths (2,3). In an effort to target prevention strategies to address the rapidly changing epidemic, CDC examined overall drug overdose death rates during 2010-2015 and opioid overdose death rates during 2014-2015 by subcategories (natural/semisynthetic opioids, methadone, heroin, and synthetic opioids other than methadone).* Rates were stratified by demographics, region, and by 28 states with high quality reporting on death certificates of specific drugs involved in overdose deaths. During 2015, drug overdoses accounted for 52,404 U.S. deaths, including 33,091 (63.1%) that involved an opioid. There has been progress in preventing methadone deaths, and death rates declined by 9.1%. However, rates of deaths involving other opioids, specifically heroin and synthetic opioids other than methadone (likely driven primarily by illicitly manufactured fentanyl) (2,3), increased sharply overall and across many states. A multifaceted, collaborative public health and law enforcement approach is urgently needed. Response efforts include implementing the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain (4), improving access to and use of prescription drug monitoring programs, enhancing naloxone distribution and other harm reduction approaches, increasing opioid use disorder treatment capacity, improving linkage into treatment, and supporting law enforcement strategies to reduce the illicit opioid supply.
Use of Freestyle Libre ProTM Flash Glucose Monitoring System in Different Clinical Situations at a Diabetes Centre. (2017)

Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) is a newly introduced Glucose Monitoring system. FGM provides both graphical representation of qualitative and quantitative changes in glucose levels occurring over 14-day period collapsed into single modal day graph as well as day by day graphs. In this report, we present our experience with FGM in different clinical situations. In our experience FGM is an extremely useful clinical tool for detection of glucose variability, hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. It can also be used as an effective educational tool when the data from FGM is shared with the patient. This helps in motivating the patient in achieving better glycemic control.
Performance Characteristics of the Digital Biograph Vision PET/CT System (2019)

This study evaluated the performance of the Biograph Vision digital PET/CT system according to the NEMA NU 2-2012 standard (published by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association [NEMA]) to allow for a reliable, reproducible, and intersystem-comparable performance measurement. <b>Methods:</b> The new digital PET/CT system features silicon photomultiplier-based detectors with 3.2-mm lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals and full coverage of the scintillator area. The PET components incorporate 8 rings of 38 detector blocks, and each block contains 4 × 2 mini blocks. Each mini block consists of a 5 × 5 lutetium oxyorthosilicate array of 3.2 × 3.2 × 20 mm crystals coupled to a silicon photomultiplier array of 16 × 16 mm, resulting in an axial field of view of 26.1 cm. In this study, PET/CT system performance was evaluated for conformation with the NEMA NU 2-2012 standard, with additional measurements described in the new NEMA NU 2-2018 standard. Spatial resolution, sensitivity, count-rate performance, accuracy of attenuation and scatter correction, image quality, coregistration accuracy, and time-of-flight performance were determined. Measurements were directly compared with results from its predecessor, the Biograph mCT Flow, using existing literature. Moreover, feasibility to comply with the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Research Ltd. (EARL) criteria was evaluated, and some illustrative patient PET images were obtained. <b>Results:</b> The Biograph Vision showed a transverse and axial spatial resolution of 3.6 and 3.5 mm, respectively, in full width at half maximum at a 1-cm offset from the center of the field of view (measured with a <sup>22</sup>Na 0.25-mm point source), a NEMA sensitivity of 16.4 kcps/MBq, and a NEMA peak noise-equivalent count-rate of 306 kcps at 32 kBq/mL. Time-of-flight resolution varied from 210 to 215 as count-rate increased up to the peak noise-equivalent count-rate. The overall image contrast seen with the NEMA image quality phantom ranged from 77.2% to 89.8%. Furthermore, the system was able to comply with the current and future EARL performance criteria. <b>Conclusion:</b> The Biograph Vision outperforms the analog Biograph mCT Flow, and the system is able to meet European harmonizing performance standards.