gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Injectable Bone Cement Augmentation for the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures: A Review (2008)

Fractures of the distal radius often occur as a result of low-energy trauma and are frequently seen in osteoporotic patients. Many biomechanical studies and clinical case series have been carried out to investigate the effects on the fractured bones of different fixation methods such as cast immobilization, percutaneous pins, external fixators, or open reduction with internal fixation. In addition, the use of different bone cements as stand-alone solutions or as an adjunct to the aforementioned fixation methods is described as one possible way of increasing the performance of the fixation by reducing secondary dislocation of the fragments and allowing more intensive rehabilitation of the patients. This review aims to provide an overview of some of the main issues under discussion and a critical evaluation of the different treatments.
A hierarchical block matching algorithm using partial distortion measure (2002)

Most of the fast block matching algorithms reduce computation by matching only some of the locations inside the search area. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm-hierarchical partial distortion search (HPDS)-which reduces the computational complexity of each distortion measure instead of the number of searching locations by using partial distortion measure. The partial distortion is obtained by calculating the distortion between the decimated block of current frame and that of previous frame. The motion vector is found hierarchically by searching the candidate motion vectors found from previous level of search. Each higher level uses partial distortion functions with decreased ratio of decimation. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can give 5 times speed up compared with full search while maintaining the MSE performance very close to full search. Moreover, the algorithm can achieve 12 times speed up when the MSE performance is kept close to that of three-step search. The proposed algorithm is suitable for applications such as HDTV and MPEG-2 where motion estimation accuracy is important. It is also suitable for real-time applications such as video conferencing and H.263 where encoding speed are critical.
Lifetime Monitoring of Wind Turbines (2005)

The aim of this thesis was to design and implement a lifetime monitoring system for a GE Energy wind turbine. Monitoring the loads on the main components of a wind turbine makes it possible to keep the lifetime of the components monitored. This information can be used to enable more flexible planning of a wind turbine's maintenance. Knowing the estimated remaining lifetime makes it possible to change the components before they break. This increases both the security and availability of the wind turbine. The information from the lifetime monitoring system could possibly also be used directly by the wind turbine's main controller in order to optimize the operation of the wind turbine regarding its components lifetime and the turbine's energy capture. Several load-cycle counting methods were investigated and compared to each other and the rainflow counting method was found to be the most suitable. It was adapted, implemented and tested on a PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) mounted to a HITL (Hardware In The Loop) real-time simulation system that simulated the behavior of a GE 1.5 s/sl wind turbine. A method for calculating the fatigue, using the result from the rainflow counting, was implemented. The whole monitoring system was designed and implemented to work online, i.e., continuously calculating and displaying the lifetime of the monitored components. In order to realize an online rainflow counter, a novel approach for classification of the data-series was developed. A prototype of the system was installed on a GE Energy wind turbine in Salzbergen, Germany. Several tests were here performed in order to validate the system and to compare the simulated results with the measured results.
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE FMD EMERGENCY VACCINATION STRATEGIES IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES (2015)

Abstract An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the United States would likely result in major costs to producers, consumers, and government. How animal health officials manage such an outbreak has substantial impact on probable losses. Without an emergency FMD vaccination strategy, producer and consumer losses of an FMD outbreak in the midwestern United States would likely approach $188 billion, and government costs would likely exceed $11 billion. In contrast, a high-capacity emergency vaccination program together with a large vaccination zone would reduce median consumer and producer losses to approximately $56 billion and government costs to a little more than $1 billion.
Conditional Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor-7 in the Developing and Mature Lung (2000)

Effects of fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7) on lung morphogenesis, respiratory epithelial cell differentiation, and proliferation were assessed in transgenic mice in which the human FGF-7 cDNA was controlled by a conditional promoter under the direction of regulatory elements from either the human surfactant protein-C (SP-C) or rat Clara cell secretory protein (ccsp) genes. Expression of FGF-7 was induced in respiratory epithelial cells of the fetal lung by administration of doxycycline to the dam. Prenatally, doxycycline induced FGF-7 mRNA in respiratory epithelial cells in both Sp-c and Ccsp transgenic lines, increasing lung size and causing cystadenomatoid malformation. Postnatally, mice bearing both Ccsp-rtta and (Teto)(7)-cmv-fgf-7 transgenes survived, and lung morphology was normal. Induction of FGF-7 expression by doxycycline in the Ccsp-rtta x (Teto)(7)-cmv-fgf-7 mice caused marked epithelial cell proliferation, adenomatous hyperplasia, and pulmonary infiltration with mononuclear cells. Epithelial cell hyperplasia caused by FGF-7 was largely resolved after removal of doxycycline. Surfactant proteins, TTF-1, and aquaporin 5 expression were conditionally induced by doxycycline. The Sp-c-rtta and Ccsp-rtta activator mice provide models in which expression is conditionally controlled in respiratory epithelial cells in the developing and mature lung, altering lung morphogenesis, differentiation, and proliferation.
A Quantum Adiabatic Evolution Algorithm Applied to Random Instances of an NP-Complete Problem (2001)

A quantum system will stay near its instantaneous ground state if the Hamiltonian that governs its evolution varies slowly enough. This quantum adiabatic behavior is the basis of a new class of algorithms for quantum computing. We tested one such algorithm by applying it to randomly generated hard instances of an NP-complete problem. For the small examples that we could simulate, the quantum adiabatic algorithm worked well, providing evidence that quantum computers (if large ones can be built) may be able to outperform ordinary computers on hard sets of instances of NP-complete problems.
Contrast-enhancement in organic light-emitting diodes (2005)

A high-contrast organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structure is presented. Because of poor contrast of conventional OLED resulting from high reflective metal cathode, the hybrid cathode structure was developed for low reflectivity. It consists the semitransparent cathode layers, passivation layers and a thick light-absorbing film. By optical reflectivity measurement and OLED electrical characterization tests for both OLED with the hybrid cathode and conventional OLED, it was found that the spectrum reflectance of OLED with hybrid cathode is among 8%-12%, about eight times lower than the conventional one when the two types of devices have similar turn-on voltages and current-voltage characteristics. The hybrid cathode for the high-contrast OLED is easily fabricated and its optical reflectance is slightly dependent on wavelength.
Differential temporal inhibition of mitochondrial fission by Mdivi-1 exerts effective cardioprotection in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury (2018)

Altered cardiac mitochondrial dynamics with excessive fission is a predominant cause of cardiac dysfunction during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Although pre-ischemic inhibition of mitochondrial fission has been shown to improve cardiac function in I/R injury, the effects of this inhibitor given at different time-points during cardiac I/R injury are unknown. Fifty male Wistar rats were subjected to sham and cardiac I/R injury. For cardiac I/R injury, rats were randomly divided into pre-ischemia, during-ischemia, and upon onset of reperfusion group. A mitochondrial fission inhibitor, Mdivi-1 (mitochondrial division inhibitor 1) (1.2 mg/kg) was used. During I/R protocols, the left ventricular (LV) function, arrhythmia score, and mortality rate were determined. Then, the heart was removed to determine infarct size, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics, and apoptosis. Our results showed that Mdivi-1 given prior to ischemia, exerted the highest level of cardioprotection quantitated through the attenuated incidence of arrhythmia, reduced infarct size, improved cardiac mitochondrial function and fragmentation, and decreased cardiac apoptosis, leading to preserved LV function during I/R injury. Mdivi-1 administered during ischemia and upon the onset of reperfusion also improved cardiac mitochondrial function and LV function, but at a lower efficacy than when it was given prior to ischemia. Taken together, mitochondrial fission inhibition after myocardial ischemic insults still exerts cardioprotection by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamic imbalance, leading to decreased infarct size and ultimately improved LV function after acute cardiac I/R injury in rats. These findings indicate its potential clinical usefulness.
Relation between macrobending losses and cutoff wavelength in dispersion-shifted segmented-core fibres (1986)

Dispersion-shifted triangular-core designs with and without rings and equal values of the Laplace spot size at λ = 1.55 μm are compared. Although increased cutoff wavelengths are obtained by the segmented-core designs, the bending properties are not necessarily improved, and when improvement is gained it is at the cost of higher Rayleigh loss.
[Establishment of a 15 loci multiplex amplification system and the genetic poly- morphism in Xinjiang Uygur population]. (2015)

The established system has application value in forensic evidence. The 13 STR loci in Uygur population have
Assisted Reproductive Technology and the Incidence of Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis (2004)

Ovarian cancer does not appear to be increased in treated infertile patients versus untreated infertile patients. Treated infertile patients may have a lower incidence of ovarian cancer than untreated infertile patients.
Projecting the Performance of Decision Support Workloads on Systems (1999)

Recent developments in both hardware and software have made it worthwhile to consider embedding intelligence in storage to handle general purpose processing that can be offloaded from the hosts. In particular, low-cost processing power is now widely available and software can be made robust, secure and mobile. In this paper, we propose a general Smart Storage (SmartSTOR) architecture in which a processing unit that is coupled to one or more disks can be used to perform such offloaded processing. A major part of the paper is devoted to understanding the performance potential of the SmartSTOR architecture for decision support workloads since these workloads are increasingly important commercially and are known to be pushing the limits of current system designs. Our analysis suggests that there is a definite advantage in using fewer but more powerful processors, a result that bolsters the case for sharing a powerful processor among multiple disks. As for software architecture, we find that the offloading of database operations that involve only a single relation to the SmartSTORs is far less promising than the offloading of multiple-relation operations. In general, if embedding intelligence in storage is an inevitable architectural trend, we have to focus on developing parallel software systems that can effectively take advantage of the large number of processing units that will be in the system.
Fiber laser plate (1979)

In this paper a fiber laser plate, consisting of many fiber lasers in a form similar to an ordinary optical fiber plate, is described. The fiber laser plate, when end-pumped, can emit a laser light image corresponding to a 2-D transparency. The abrupt change of output intensity with excitation energy shows that the plate is attractive as an optical threshold device.
Ultra-low voltage datapath blocks in 28nm UTBB FD-SOI (2014)

This paper demonstrates a wide supply range multiply-accumulate datapath block in 28nm UTBB FD-SOI technology. Variability and leakage reduction strategies are employed in this new technology to achieve a state-of-the-art low energy performance. The design uses a wide range of supply voltages to reduce energy consumption per operation. The extensive back-gate biasing range allows to adapt the minimum energy point (MEP) of the circuit to the desired workload. Measurements showcase the speed/energy trade-off of both the design and the technology and lead to a MEP of 0.17pJ at 35MHz with a supply voltage of 250mV and a back-gate bias of 0.5V.
Non-Volatile Memory File Systems: A Survey (2019)

For decades, computer architectures have treated memory and storage as separate entities. Nowadays, we watch the emergence of new memory technologies that promise to significantly change the landscape of memory systems. Byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies are expected to offer access latency close to that of dynamic random access memory and capacity suited for storage, resulting in storage-class memory. However, they also present some limitations, such as limited endurance and asymmetric read and write latency. Furthermore, adjusting the current hardware and software architectures to embrace these new memories in all their potential is proving to be a challenge in itself. In this paper, recent studies are analyzed to map the state-of-the-art of NVM file systems research. To achieve this goal, over 100 studies related to NVM systems were selected, analyzed, and categorized according to their topics and contributions. From the information extracted from these papers, we derive the main concerns and challenges currently being studied and discussed in the academia and industry, as well as the trends and solutions being proposed to address them.
Real-time image processing algorithms for an automated retinal laser surgery system (2002)

Although laser retinal surgery is the best available treatment for a variety of ophthalmic disorders, the current procedure has a success rate of less than 50%. A computer-controlled instrument is under development for minimizing this failure rate. This paper presents core image-processing methods used for this system. The image-processing problems of interest in this paper are (i) the computation of a retinal map from video retinal angiograms, and (ii) real-time eye tracking and location determination during laser surgery. The algorithms described here comprise of a fast method for detecting retinal landmark feature points, a fast method for matching feature-tagged point sets, feature-based method for montaging retinal angiograms, and an algorithm for real-time image tracking.
Structural and Functional Characterization of Anti-A33 Antibodies Reveal a Potent Cross-Species Orthopoxviruses Neutralizer (2015)

Vaccinia virus A33 is an extracellular enveloped virus (EEV)-specific type II membrane glycoprotein that is essential for efficient EEV formation and long-range viral spread within the host. A33 is a target for neutralizing antibody responses against EEV. In this study, we produced seven murine anti-A33 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by immunizing mice with live VACV, followed by boosting with the soluble A33 homodimeric ectodomain. Five A33 specific MAbs were capable of neutralizing EEV in the presence of complement. All MAbs bind to conformational epitopes on A33 but not to linear peptides. To identify the epitopes, we have adetermined the crystal structures of three representative neutralizing MAbs in complex with A33. We have further determined the binding kinetics for each of the three antibodies to wild-type A33, as well as to engineered A33 that contained single alanine substitutions within the epitopes of the three crystallized antibodies. While the Fab of both MAbs A2C7 and A20G2 binds to a single A33 subunit, the Fab from MAb A27D7 binds to both A33 subunits simultaneously. A27D7 binding is resistant to single alanine substitutions within the A33 epitope. A27D7 also demonstrated high-affinity binding with recombinant A33 protein that mimics other orthopoxvirus strains in the A27D7 epitope, such as ectromelia, monkeypox, and cowpox virus, suggesting that A27D7 is a potent cross-neutralizer. Finally, we confirmed that A27D7 protects mice against a lethal challenge with ectromelia virus.
Modeling and Identifying the Somatic Reflex Network of the Human Neuromuscular System (2007)

In this paper, we build a mathematical model of the whole-body neuromuscular network and identify its parameters by optical motion capture, inverse kinematics, inverse dynamics computation, and statistical analysis. The model includes a skeleton, a musculotendon network, and a neuromuscular network. The skeleton is composed of 155 joints representing the inertial property and mobility of the human body. The musculotendon network includes more than 1000 muscles, tendons, and ligaments modeled as ideal wires with any number of via points. We also develop an inverse dynamics algorithm to estimate the muscle tensions required to perform a given motion sequence. Finally, we model the somatic reflex network based on the relationship between the spinal nerves and the muscle tensions by a neural network. The resulting parameters match well with the agonist-antagonist relationship of the muscles. We also demonstrate that the model inherently includes low-level somatic reflexes such as the patellar tendon reflex using the neuromuscular model. This is the attempt to build and identify the neuromuscular network based only on non-invasive motion measurements, and the result shows that the whole-body muscles can be controlled by the command signals as few as the number of spinal nerve rami.
The role of calcium ions in the stability and instability of a thermolysin‐like protease (2011)

Thermolysin and other secreted broad-specificity proteases, such as subtilisin or alpha-lytic protease, are produced as pre-pro-proteins that stay at least partially unfolded while in the cytosol. After secretion, the pro-proteases fold to their active conformations in a process that includes the autolytic removal of the pro-peptide. We review the life cycle of the thermolysin-like protease from Bacillus stearothermophilus in light of the calcium dependent stability and instability of the N-terminal domain. The protease binds calcium ions in the regions that are involved in the autolytic maturation process. It is generally assumed that the calcium ions contribute to the extreme stability of the protease, but experimental evidence for TLP-ste indicates that at least one of the calcium ions plays a regulatory role. We hypothesize that this calcium ion plays an important role as a switch that modulates the protease between stable and unstable states as appropriate to the biological need.
Studies on the Selection of New Matrices for Ultraviolet Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (1996)

A new group of compounds has been successfully tested as matrices for ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (UV-MALDI MS). Several new matrices for UV-MALDI MS have been found by choosing, as potential matrices, compounds that perform an intramolecular proton transfer along an intramolecular H-bond under UV irradiation. Compounds of this type are, for example, salicylamide, salicylanilide, several ortho-hydroxyacetophenones and ortho-hydroxybenzophenones. The matrix activity of these compounds is compared to the corresponding meta- and para-isomers and to the matrix activity of such well known matrices as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. It was found that meta- and para-substituted hydroxycarbonyl compounds show either a significantly lower or no matrix activity compared with the ortho isomers.
<i>Babesia microti</i>, Upstate New York (2005)

Five cases of human babesiosis were reported in the Lower Hudson Valley Region of New York State in 2001. An investigation to determine if Babesia microti was present in local Ixodes scapularis ticks yielded 5 positive pools in 123 pools tested, the first detection of B. microti from field-collected I. scapularis in upstate New York.
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: A New Era in the Cell-Based Targeted Gene Therapy of Cancer (2017)

In recent years, in light of the promising potentials of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for carrying therapeutic anticancer genes, a complete revisitation on old chemotherapy-based paradigms has been established. This review attempted to bring forward and introduce the novel therapeutic opportunities of using genetically engineered MSCs. The simplicities and advantages of MSCs for medical applications make them a unique and promising option in the case of cancer therapy. Some of the superiorities of using MSCs as therapeutic gene micro-carriers are the easy cell-extraction procedures and their abundant proliferation capacity <i>in vitro</i> without losing their main biological properties. Targeted therapy by using MSCs as the delivery vehicles of therapeutic genes is a new approach in the treatment of various types of cancers. Some of the distinct properties of MSCs, such as tumor-tropism, non-immunogenicity, stimulatory effect on the anti-inflammatory molecules, inhibitory effect on inflammatory responses, non-toxicity against the normal tissues, and easy processes for the clinical use, have formed the basis of attention to MSCs. They can be easily used for the treatment of damaged or injured tissues, regenerative medicine, and immune disorders. This review focused on the drugability of MSCs and their potential for the delivery of candidate anticancer genes. It also briefly reviewed the vectors and methods used for MSC-mediated gene therapy of malignancies. Also, the challenges, limitations, and considerations in using MSCs for gene therapy of cancer and the new methods developed for resolution of these problems are reviewed.
Notes on Shuffle/Exchange-Type Switching Networks (1980)

In this paper a number of properties of Shuffle/Exchange networks are analyzed. A set of algebraic tools is developed and is used to prove that Lawrie's inverse Omega network, Pease's indirect binary n-cube array, and a network related to the 3-stage rearrangeable switching network studied by Clos and Beneš have identical switching capabilities. The approach used leads to a number of insights on the structure of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The inherent permuting power, or "universality," of the networks when used iteratively is then probed, leading to some nonintuitive results which have implications on the optimal control of Shuffle/Exchange-type networks for realizing permutations and broadcast connections.