gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decrease in drug accumulation and in tumour aggressiveness marker expression in a fenretinide-induced resistant ovarian tumour cell line (2001)

We investigated whether the efficacy of fenretinide (HPR) against ovarian tumours may be limited by induction of resistance. The human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780, which is sensitive to a pharmacologically achievable HPR concentration (IC(50)= 1 microM), became 10-fold more resistant after exposure to increasing HPR concentrations. The cells (A2780/HPR) did not show cross-resistance to the synthetic retinoid 6-[3-adamantyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) and were not sensitive, similarly to the parent line, to all-trans-retinoic acid, 13-cis-retinoic acid or N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide. A2780/HPR cells showed, compared to parental cells, a 3-fold reduction in colony-forming ability in agar. The development of HPR resistance was associated with a marked increase in retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) mRNA and protein levels, which decreased, together with drug resistance, after drug removal. The expression of cell surface molecules associated with tumour progression including HER-2, laminin receptor and beta1 integrin was markedly reduced. The increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species is not involved in HPR-resistance because it was similar in parental and resistant cells. Conversely differences in pharmacokinetics may account for resistance because, in A2780/HPR cells, intracellular peak drug levels were 2 times lower than in A2780 cells and an as yet unidentified polar metabolite was present. These data suggest that acquired resistance to HPR is associated with changes in marker expression, suggestive of a more differentiated status and may be explained, at least in part, by reduced drug accumulation and increased metabolism.
The CNS-specific hyaluronan binding protein, BEHAB, is expressed during periods of glial cell generation and motility (1996)

BEHAB, a gene encoding a hyaluronan binding protein, is expressed only in the central nervous system. BEHAB is almost identical to brevican, but the predicted BEHAB protein is shorter than that of brevican, and does not include glycosaminoglycan addition sites. During brain development BEHAB is expressed at high levels in the proliferative ventricular zone coincident with the peak period of glial cell generation. BEHAB is also expressed during reactive gliosis and in primary glioma. The extracellular protein encoded by BEHAB may play a role in glial cell generation or motility.
Fiber-to-waveguide evanescent coupler for planar integration of silicon optoelectronic devices (2004)

We present a method for coupling from a single mode fiber, or fiber ribbon, into an SOI waveguide for integration with silicon opto-electronic circuits. The coupler incorporates the advantages of the tapered waveguides and prism couplers, yet offers the flexibility of planar integration. The coupler can be fabricated on a double polished silicon wafer using direct polishing or grayscale photolithography. Tapered waveguides or J-couplers are then used as lateral mode converters. An experimental setup with a rotational stage and a pneumatic plunger has been built for adjusting the incident angle and tunnel layer thickness, which are key factors in determining the coupling efficiency. When optimal coupling is achieved on the setup, the coupler can be packaged using epoxy bonding. Thus, a fiber-waveguide parallel coupler or connector can be easily constructed. Electromagnetic calculation predicts a coupling efficiency of 77%(-1.14dB insertion loss) for a silicon-to-silicon coupler with a uniform tunnel layer. The coupling efficiency is experimentally achieved to be 46%(-3.4dB insertion loss) excluding the loss in silicon and the reflections from the input surface and output facet.
Statistical Learning for Accurate and Interpretable Battery Lifetime Prediction (2021)

Data-driven methods for battery lifetime prediction are attracting increasing attention for applications in which the degradation mechanisms are poorly understood and suitable training sets are available. However, while advanced machine learning and deep learning methods promise high performance with minimal data preprocessing, simpler linear models with engineered features often achieve comparable performance, especially for small training sets, while also providing physical and statistical interpretability. In this work, we use a previously published dataset to develop simple, accurate, and interpretable data-driven models for battery lifetime prediction. We first present the “capacity matrix” concept as a compact representation of battery electrochemical cycling data, along with a series of feature representations. We then create a number of univariate and multivariate models, many of which achieve comparable performance to the highest-performing models previously published for this dataset; thus, our work can serve as a comprehensive benchmarking study for this dataset. These models also provide insights into the degradation of these cells. Our approaches can be used both to quickly train models for a new battery cycling dataset and to benchmark the performance of more advanced machine learning methods.
Natural reservoirs for homologs of hepatitis C virus (2014)

Hepatitis C virus is considered a major public health problem, infecting 2%-3% of the human population. Hepatitis C virus infection causes acute and chronic liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In fact, hepatitis C virus infection is the most frequent indication for liver transplantation and a vaccine is not available. Hepatitis C virus displays a narrow host species tropism, naturally infecting only humans, although chimpanzees are also susceptible to experimental infection. To date, there is no evidence for an animal reservoir of viruses closely related to hepatitis C virus which may have crossed the species barrier to cause disease in humans and resulted in the current pandemic. In fact, due to this restricted host range, a robust immunocompetent small animal model is still lacking, hampering mechanistic analysis of virus pathogenesis, immune control and prophylactic vaccine development. Recently, several studies discovered new viruses related to hepatitis C virus, belonging to the hepaci- and pegivirus genera, in small wild mammals (rodents and bats) and domesticated animals which live in close contact with humans (dogs and horses). Genetic and biological characterization of these newly discovered hepatitis C virus-like viruses infecting different mammals will contribute to our understanding of the origins of hepatitis C virus in humans and enhance our ability to study pathogenesis and immune responses using tractable animal models. In this review article, we start with an introduction on the genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus and then focus on the newly discovered viruses closely related to hepatitis C virus. Finally, we discuss possible theories about the origin of this important viral human pathogen.
Characterization Technique For Transparent Ion Conducting Films (1987)

In the development and production of transparent multilayer solid-state ionic structures, and in particular, electrochromic Smart Window the measurement of electron and ion transport properties of the layers is essential, since it can determine the feasibility as well as the speed of operation of devices with those layers. We are developing a novel electro-optical technique to measure the ion and electron mobilities of several layers of the electrochromic Smart Window<sup>TM</sup> glass essentially in situ. Presented in this paper are the technique, preliminary models, and transport properties of two such films.
Synthèse de spiro[indoline-(pyrimidino, thiazolo ou triazolo)-benzoxazines] : étude de leurs caractéristiques photochromiques en solution et matrice polymérique (1991)

Trois series originales de spiro indoline-oxazines photochromes (pyrimidino, thiazolo, triazolo-benzoxazines) ayant necessite l'elaboration de differents precurseurs alpha-nitroso beta-hydroxy heteroaromatiques, ont ete preparees. La determination, par photolyse a eclairs des parametres caracterisant le photochromisme a permis de situer ces composes par rapport a leurs homologues spiro indoline-naphtoxazines pris comme reference. Les modifications de structure apportees sur la partie oxazine n'induisent pas de variations sensibles de la stabilite thermique des formes colorees, mais elargissent le domaine d'absorption (fort effet bathochrome du soufre). Cette etude spectrocinetique a mis en evidence, dans la serie spiro indoline-triazolobenzoxazine, un phenomene d'interconversion des formes colorees qui se traduit par une evolution des bandes du spectre d'absorption a temperature ambiante. L'utilisation de programmes de modelisation moleculaire a permis de relier ces resultats a une inversion de la stabilite relative des photomerocyanines stereoisomeres habituellement observee. Les photochromes organiques presentant un interet industriel grandissant notamment dans le domaine des materiaux a transmission optique variable, le comportement de la 1,3,3-trimethyl spiro indoline-naphtoxazine a ete etudie en matrice polymerique; ces premiers essais ont permis de degager les principales interactions polymere-photochrome
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL, SITE‐SPECIFIC, AROMATIC HYDROXYLATION BY MUTANTS OF PSEUDOMONAS TESTOSTERONI (1980)

Abstract m‐Hydroxy‐benzoesäure (I) wird durch Mutanten von Pseudomonas testosteroni ATCC No.
Approximate Enumerative Sphere Shaping (2018)

Enumerative sphere shaping of N-dimensional constellations is discussed. It is proven that a finite-precision number representation is suitable for use in two enumerative indexing algorithms: Enumerative sphere shaping and Divide & Conquer (D&C) shaping. This representation decreases the storage complexities of these methods significantly. D&C is the basis of the well-known shell mapping algorithm and thus our approximations also apply there.
Near-infrared–driven decomposition of metal precursors yields amorphous electrocatalytic films (2015)

Amorphous metal-based films lacking long-range atomic order have found utility in applications ranging from electronics applications to heterogeneous catalysis. Notwithstanding, there is a limited set of fabrication methods available for making amorphous films, particularly in the absence of a conducting substrate. We introduce herein a scalable preparative method for accessing oxidized and reduced phases of amorphous films that involves the efficient decomposition of molecular precursors, including simple metal salts, by exposure to near-infrared (NIR) radiation. The NIR-driven decomposition process provides sufficient localized heating to trigger the liberation of the ligand from solution-deposited precursors on substrates, but insufficient thermal energy to form crystalline phases. This method provides access to state-of-the-art electrocatalyst films, as demonstrated herein for the electrolysis of water, and extends the scope of usable substrates to include nonconducting and temperature-sensitive platforms.
Low-loss propagation in the dipole-mode along a coaxial waveguide (1977)

A theoretical investigation has been made as a step towards defining more precisely the operating conditions of a fully screened dipole-mode waveguide, comprising a coaxial structure whose inner consists of a cylindrical grid of parallel longitudinal wires separated by air and whose outer is represented by a concentric tube of continuous metal.
Recommending targeted strangers from whom to solicit information on social media (2013)

We present an intelligent, crowd-powered information collection system that automatically identifies and asks targeted strangers on Twitter for desired information (e.g., current wait time at a nightclub). Our work includes three parts. First, we identify a set of features that characterize one's willingness and readiness to respond based on their exhibited social behavior, including the content of their tweets and social interaction patterns. Second, we use the identified features to build a statistical model that predicts one's likelihood to respond to information solicitations. Third, we develop a recommendation algorithm that selects a set of targeted strangers using the probabilities computed by our statistical model with the goal to maximize the over-all response rate. Our experiments, including several in the real world, demonstrate the effectiveness of our work.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> PUB22 and PUB23 Are Homologous U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases That Play Combinatory Roles in Response to Drought Stress (2008)

Ubiquitination is involved in diverse cellular processes in higher plants. In this report, we describe Arabidopsis thaliana PUB22 and PUB23, two homologous U-box-containing E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligases. The PUB22 and PUB23 genes were rapidly and coordinately induced by abiotic stresses but not by abscisic acid. PUB22- and PUB23-overexpressing transgenic plants were hypersensitive to drought stress. By contrast, loss-of-function pub22 and pub23 mutant plants were significantly more drought-tolerant, and a pub22 pub23 double mutant displayed even greater drought tolerance. These results indicate that PUB22 and PUB23 function as negative regulators in the water stress response. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pull-down, and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that PUB22 and PUB23 physically interacted with RPN12a, a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle (RP) in the 26S proteasome. Bacterially expressed RPN12a was effectively ubiquitinated in a PUB-dependent fashion. RPN12a was highly ubiquitinated in 35S:PUB22 plants, but not in pub22 pub23 double mutant plants, consistent with RPN12a being a substrate of PUB22 and PUB23 in vivo. In water-stressed wild-type and PUB-overexpressing plants, a significant amount of RPN12a was dissociated from the 19S RP and appeared to be associated with small-molecular-mass protein complexes in cytosolic fractions, where PUB22 and PUB23 are localized. Overall, our results suggest that PUB22 and PUB23 coordinately control a drought signaling pathway by ubiquitinating cytosolic RPN12a in Arabidopsis.
Cognitive Interference Management in Heterogeneous Femto-Macro Cell Networks (2011)

In this work, we propose a cognitive interference management scheme for heterogeneous cellular wireless networks (LTE-A and WiMAX) with macrocells and femtocells (that operate in a closed-access mode). The scheme presented allocates resources (in time and frequency) and transmission opportunities to the macro/femtocells in the network by considering their potential to cause interference at each others' associated user equipments (UEs). We study the efficacy of the proposed scheme using a LTE-A system level simulator and compare with frequency reuse techniques and no interference management scenarios. We observe that our scheme significantly enhances average cell-edge UE throughput (5\%-tile throughput) with some degradation in overall sum throughput. Also we observe that the scheme decreases the probability of cell-edge users in the system experiencing degraded SINR.
High-resolution laser scanning microscopy with saturated excitation of fluorescence (2007)

We propose the use of saturated excitation to improve the spatial resolution of a laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. The saturated excitation induces nonlinear response in fluorescence emission that gives higher-order spatial frequency components in the point spread fuction of the microscope. To extract the nonlinear responses in fluorescence emission, we modulate the excitation intensity temporally at a single frequency (ω) and demodulate the fluorescence signal at the harmonic frequencies (2ω, 3ω, ...). We found that the fluorescence signal demodulated at nth harmonic frequency is proportional to nth power of the excitation intensity, where n-fold improvement of the spatial resolution can be achieved. We experimentally confirmed that the demodulated signal at the second harmonic frequency was proportional to the square of the excitation intensity. The improvement of spatial resolution was also confirmed by observing a fluorescent sample.
Predicting the Open Circuit Potential Curve for a Class of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials (2020)

Ni-rich cathodes are a class of materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are currently gaining popularity in applications requiring high energy density, such as electric vehicles (EVs). Successful integration of these materials into EVs necessitates a fundamental understanding of their electrochemical properties, including the open circuit potential (OCP) curve. This study investigates the relationship between Ni stoichiometry and the OCP curve of two cathode families: Ni-rich NCAs and Ni-rich NCMs with a constant Mn content of 20%. First, it demonstrates how to predict the OCP curves of the materials within these two cathode families. Then, it applies the same methodology to determine the Ni content in a Ni-rich NCA cathode with an unknown chemical formula with similar accuracy as the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique. Our results suggest that the presented methodology can be further extended to additional cathode families and aid both in the prediction of their OCP curves and in validating the stoichiometry of newly synthesized materials.
Bayesian PCA (1998)

The technique of principal component analysis (PCA) has recently been expressed as the maximum likelihood solution for a generative latent variable model. In this paper we use this probabilistic reformulation as the basis for a Bayesian treatment of PCA. Our key result is that effective dimensionality of the latent space (equivalent to the number of retained principal components) can be determined automatically as part of the Bayesian inference procedure. An important application of this framework is to mixtures of probabilistic PCA models, in which each component can determine its own effective complexity.
High Performance Brine Viscosifiers for High Temperatures (2017)

Abstract The development of oil and gas reservoirs at increasing depths has increased the demand for high density solids-free reservoir drilling fluids and completion fluids. Many viscosifiers currently used in these fluids are either incompatible with high density brines or require the use of prohibitively expensive brines such as cesium formate to achieve target densities. Therefore, there is substantial commercial benefit to developing a brine viscosifier with a higher temperature tolerance than is currently offered. A supramolecular viscosifier package has been developed which utilizes non-covalent associations between additives to enhance the thermal resilience of divalent brine fluids. The product performance of a reservoir drilling fluid formulated with the supramolecular viscosifier package is compared with a standard starch-based reservoir drilling fluid. The enhanced performance is highlighted through static aging tests from 300 to 325°F. The fluids are analyzed before and after aging rheologically as well as for suspension stability. It is clear from the static aging test data that the supramolecular viscosifier out performs the high performance, commercially available starch / xanthan brine viscosifier. The addition of this new polymer blend increases the brine suspendability both before and after aging at high temperature. The rheology of the new additive package also displays better rheological recovery after aging high temperature. This viscosifier package involves synergies of additives within the brine which greatly enhance the thermal stability of the polymers in the brine. The additive package presented retains its viscosity at temperatures up to 325°F and brine densities from 8.4 lb/gal to 19.2 lb/gal.
Electrical and structural properties of diodes fabricated in thick, selectively deposited Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ epitaxial layers (1992)

The characteristics of diodes fabricated in thick Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layers formed by selective epitaxial deposition have been examined by DC electrical measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray topography. Because depositing in restricted areas limits the propagation of misfit dislocations in thick layers, a lower misfit dislocation density is found in small-area deposited regions. Similarly, diodes fabricated in small deposited regions have more ideal forward characteristics than diodes fabricated in large regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compact versatile thermooptical space switch based on beam steering by a waveguide array (1999)

We present the implementation of an optical space switching concept based on thermooptic beam steering in an arrayed waveguide grating. Individual addressing of heaters on the array waveguides enables flexible switching of input signals to output waveguide channels. The switch can be used either as a 1-to-8 switch or as multiple parallel 1-to-4, 1-to-3, or 1-to-2 switches. For the implementation we used high-refractive-index SiON-SiO/sub 2/ planar waveguide technology, which allows the realization of compact devices using small bending radii. We achieved isolations of the "off'" channels with respect to the "on" channel of up to 29 dB for a 1-to-3 switch or better than 22 dB for all "off" waveguides for a 1-to-8 switch.
Multi-type change detection of building models by integrating spatial and spectral information (2011)

Detecting building changes followed by updates is preferable for efficient revisions to building models. Additionally, more change types can be detected with spatial information provided by building models for reducing land surveying work. Therefore, for efficient building of model revision and land surveys, this work applies a new multi-type change detection scheme with new light detection and ranging (LIDAR) point clouds, new aerial images and existing building models. By integrating the spatial information from LIDAR data and image-based spectral information, this work identifies changes to existing buildings and identifies newly built and changed buildings. To provide an initial value for further revisions, new building regions are generated from change detection results. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has high accuracy for both change type determination and building region generation. To provide comprehensive observations, experimental results deemed unreliable are scrutinized.
Calcium-dependent properties of CIB binding to the integrin αIIb cytoplasmic domain and translocation to the platelet cytoskeleton (1999)

The αIIbβ3 integrin receives signals in agonist-activated platelets, resulting in its conversion to an active conformation that binds fibrinogen, thereby mediating platelet aggregation. Fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3 subsequently induces a cascade of intracellular signalling events. The molecular mechanisms of this bi-directional αIIbβ3-mediated signalling are unknown but may involve the binding of proteins to the integrin cytoplasmic domains. We reported previously the sequence of a novel 22-kDa, EF-hand-containing, protein termed CIB (calcium- and integrin-binding protein) that interacts specifically with the αIIb cytoplasmic domain in the yeast two-hybrid system. Further analysis of numerous tissues and cell lines indicated that CIB mRNA and protein are widely expressed. In addition, isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that CIB binds to an αIIb cytoplasmic-domain peptide in a Ca2+-dependent manner, with moderate affinity (Kd, 700 nM) and 1:1 stoichiometry. In aggregated platelets, endogenous CIB and αIIbβ3 translocate to the Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeleton in a parallel manner, demonstrating that the cellular localization of CIB is regulated, potentially by αIIbβ3. Thus CIB may contribute to integrin-related functions by mechanisms involving Ca2+-modulated binding to the αIIb cytoplasmic domain and changes in intracellular distribution.