gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation of secondary electron emission based on a phenomenological probabilistic model (2003)

We provide a detailed description of a model and its computational algorithm for the secondary electron emission process. The model is based on a broad phenomenological fit to data for the secondary emission yield (SEY) and the emitted-energy spectrum. We provide two sets of values for the parameters by fitting our model to two particular data sets, one for copper and the other one for stainless steel. We also present details of the electron-cloud simulation code POSINST that are relevant to the secondary emission process. This note expands on our previously published article \cite furman-pivi-PRSTAB02 .
Wiener filtering of multi-carrier CDMA in Rayleigh fading channel (2002)

Analyzes the application of Wiener filtering to the detection of multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) signals. Simulation results are included to test the validity and accuracy of the analytical results.
Performance enhancement of blue light-emitting diodes with a special designed AlGaN/GaN superlattice electron-blocking layer (2011)

The characteristics of the nitride-based blue light-emitting diode (LED) with an AlGaN/GaN superlattice (SL) electron-blocking layer (EBL) of gradual Al mole fraction are analyzed numerically and experimentally. The emission spectra, carrier concentrations in the quantum wells, energy band diagrams, electrostatic fields, and internal quantum efficiency are investigated. The results indicate that the LED with an AlGaN/GaN SL EBL of gradual Al mole fraction has a better hole injection efficiency, lower electron leakage, and smaller electrostatic fields in its active region over the LED with a conventional rectangular AlGaN EBL or with a normal AlGaN/GaN SL EBL. The results also show that the efficiency droop is markedly improved when the SL EBL of gradual Al mole fraction is used.
Shutdown characteristics of the Mod-O wind turbine with aileron controls (1984)

Horizontal-axis wind turbines utilize partial or full variable blade pitch to regulate rotor speed. The weight and costs of these systems indicated a need for alternate methods of rotor control. Aileron control is an alternative which has potential to meet this need. The NASA Lewis Research Center has been experimentally testing aileron control rotors on the Mod-U wind turbine to determine their power regulation and shutdown characteristics. Experimental and analytical shutdown test results are presented for a 38 percent chord aileron-control rotor. These results indicated that the 38 percent chord ailerons provided overspeed protection over the entire Mod-O operational windspeed range, and had a no-load equilibrium tip speed ratio of 1.9. Thus, the 38 percent chord ailerons had much improved aerodynamic braking capability when compared with the first aileron-control rotor having 20 percent chord ailerons.
Release of soluble TNF/LT receptors from a human ovarian tumor cell line (PA-1) by stimulation with cytokines in vitro. (1993)

We have demonstrated the presence of the 55- and 75-kDa receptor for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) (TNF-R) in serum, and ascites from women with ovarian cancer. The present studies were initiated to begin to examine the possible cellular source of these receptors in women with ovarian cancer. Human ovarian tumor cells (PA-1) were cocultured for 24-48 hr with various levels of recombinant human cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-4, IFN-gamma) and the supernatants were assayed by ELISA for the soluble forms of each receptor. PA-1 cells spontaneously release the 55-kDa TNF-R and low levels of the 75-kDa TNF-R. The release of both 55- and 75-kDa TNF-R was stimulated when PA-1 cells were cultured with IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma but unaffected by IL-4. The level of 55-kDa TNF-R was elevated slightly over spontaneous release but the level of 75-kDa TNF-R increased dramatically. IFN-gamma was the most potent stimulator of receptor release particularly of the 75-kDa TNF-R. IFN-gamma also induced increased expression of cell membrane TNF-R measured by binding of 125I-labeled TNF. Membrane TNF-Rs which were induced by IFN-gamma were the 75-kDa type, because TNF binding was blocked by anti-75-kDa TNF-R antibody. These data suggest that IFN-gamma selectively induced release and expression of 75-kDa TNF-Rs.
Safety and efficacy of increasing dosages of glycyl-glutamine for total parenteral nutrition in polytrauma patients. (1996)

Supplementation of parenteral nutrition with glutamine (GLN) has been suggested to improve the efficacy of nutritional support by stimulating protein synthesis and improving immunocompetence. In the present study we investigated the impact of infusing the dipeptide glycyl-glutamine (GLY-GLN) at increasing dosages on plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with polytrauma. Nine polytraumatized patients were randomly assigned according their age and their trauma score to three experimental groups. Group 1 received 280, group II 450, and group III 570 mg GLY-GLN per kg body weight/day for a period of four days (3rd to 7th posttraumatic day), resulting in a maximum daily GLN administration (calculated for a 70 kg patient) of 14 g, 21 g and 28 g, respectively. Seven polytraumatized patients receiving the nutrition solution without GLY-GLN supplementation served as controls. All patients received total parenteral nutrition with an average amino acid administration of 1.1 g/kg/day and a total energy intake of 30 kcal/kg/day. GLY-GLN infusion did not evoke any side effects. In comparison with the control group, arterial plasma GLN concentrations increased significantly on day I after start of infusion in groups II and III, but remained raised throughout the study period only in group III (p < 0.003). Similarly, plasma GLY concentrations were also significantly raised in group III (p < 0.04). The maximum increase of plasma GLY was found on the second infusion day, after which plasma concentrations of GLY fell to concentrations even below those observed in the control group at the end of the study period. Excretion of GLY-GLN, GLN or GLY in the urine during the GLY-GLN infusions was negligible. We conclude from this first available dose finding study on glutamine-containing dipeptides that in polytraumatized patients infusion of 570 mg/kg/day of GLY-GLN (corresponding to 28 g glutamine or 40 g dipeptide/70 kg, respectively) is necessary to induce a sustained effect on plasma glutamine concentrations. No pathological accumulation of free glycine or of the dipeptide was seen with any of the three dosage steps of GLY-GLN. Thus, the administration of even high doses of GLY-GLN is feasible and safe in patients with polytrauma and is not associated with any relevant renal substrate loss.
A Method to Improve the Robustness of Gas Turbine Gas-Path Fault Diagnosis Against Sensor Faults (2017)

Gas-path analysis (GPA) method has been widespreadly used to monitor gas turbine engine health status, and has become one of the key techniques in favor of condition-oriented maintenance strategy. GPA method (especially nonlinear GPA) can easily obtain the magnitudes of the gas-path component faults. Usually, it is essential to use correct measurement information to obtain correct fault signature for producing accurate gas-path diagnostic results. However gas-path components as well as sensors may degrade or even fail during gas turbine operations. The degraded sensors may produce significant measurement biases, which do not follow the Gaussian distribution, and misleading diagnostic results may be obtained. In order to solve this problem, a method to improve the robustness of gas turbine gas-path fault diagnosis against sensor faults was proposed for the typical nonlinear GPA method. The proposed method includes two steps: first, to locate suspicious degraded sensors based on Gaussian data reconciliation principle for all the gas-path measurements and second, to detect, isolate, and quantify the degradation rate of major gas-path components based on an extended nonlinear GPA method. The proposed method can effectively and accurately detect and isolate degraded gas-path components as well as sensors, and further quantify the component degradations.
Effective high speed traffic replay based on IP space (2009)

Traffic replay tools that generate traffic in order to recreate real traffic scenarios play an important role in network operation. Nowadays, the Internet backbone links are increasing in capacity as well as in transmission speed making trace-based replay difficult. This paper proposes a novel approach to high-speed backbone traffic replaying. We bring out an original granular split of traffic that provides a smaller number of manageable entities than in case of traffic packets and flows. The proposed method uses IP aggregation to split traffic which allows us to incorporate social phenomena into traffic replay. The practical use and the advantages in real-time replay are the two major points established in this paper.
Dysnomia following traumatic brain injury: An information-processing approach to assessment (1995)

Current cognitive neuropsychological models of language have contributed to a greater understanding of the language processing components involved in the simple task of picture naming. The naming abilities of a group of 20 patients who had sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) were assessed with the purpose of more accurately describing the precise processing mechanisms underlying the dysnomia. Performance of the TBI group on the Boston Naming Test was analysed for error pattern and compared to a group of controls (n = 20) matched for age, sex and years of education. TBI subjects performed significantly poorer than controls, despite an unexpectedly high rate of naming 'error' in controls. TBI and control subjects showed marked similarity in overall error pattern. The results of a more comprehensive language-processing assessment is reported for a subgroup of six clearly dysnomic TBI subjects. Conclusions are drawn regarding the possible functional locus of the naming impairment in each case, and the contribution of current cognitive neuropsychological studies in anomia rehabilitation is discussed.
Synthesis of Psymberin Analogues:  Probing a Functional Correlation with the Pederin/Mycalamide Family of Natural Products (2006)

In this letter we describe an efficient synthesis of "psympederin", a hybrid between the novel antitumor natural product psymberin and the blister beetle toxin pederin. Evaluation of antiproliferative activity reveals that the dihydroisocoumarin fragment is important for psymberin toxicity and the cyclic pederate fragment is important for pederin/mycalamide toxicity. On the basis of preliminary results described herein, we speculate that, despite their structural resemblance, psymberin and pederin/mycalamide induce toxicity through different mechanisms. [reaction: see text].
Characterization of Human B Creatine Kinase Gene Regulation in the Heart in Vitro and in Vivo (1996)

During cardiogenesis, genes indicative of the adult phenotype are transcriptionally activated while genes characteristic of the embryonic phenotype are down-regulated. The regulation of embryonic genes such as the brain isoform of creatine kinase (BCK) during cardiac development has not been characterized. Accordingly, the transcriptional regulation of BCK in the developing heart was determined. In vitro and in vivo promoter analyses of the human BCK gene identified an element between +25 and +57 that functioned as an enhancer. Electromobility shift assays using adult and neonatal nuclear extracts identified a specific complex binding this element, the abundance of which correlated with the developmental level of endogenous cardiac BCK expression. Mutations at +47 and +53 led to a loss of activity in transfected cells and obviated binding in electromobility shift assays. These data show that a nuclear factor in cardiocytes interacts with an enhancer element (+25 and +57), via nucleotides +47 and +53, to drive BCK expression in the heart and suggest that developmental BCK expression is via abundance of this factor. The nuclear factor has not been identified but as described previously binding sites are not present in the enhancer, it is either a known factor interacting with a new recognition site or a new factor.
Multi‐tenancy authorization models for collaborative cloud services (2014)

Summary The cloud service model intrinsically caters to multiple tenants, most obviously not only in public clouds but also in private clouds for large organizations. Currently, most cloud service providers isolate user activities and data within a single tenant boundary with no or minimum cross‐tenant interaction. It is anticipated that this situation will evolve soon to foster cross‐tenant collaboration supported by Authorization as a Service. At present, there is no widely accepted model for cross‐tenant authorization. Recently, Calero et al. informally presented a multi‐tenancy authorization system (MTAS), which extends the well‐known role‐based access control model by building trust relations among collaborating tenants. In this paper, we formalize this MTAS model and propose extensions for finer‐grained cross‐tenant trust. We also develop an administration model for MTAS. We demonstrate the utility and practical feasibility of MTAS by means of an example policy specification in extensible access control markup language. To further test the metrics of the model, we develop a prototype system and conduct experiments on it. The result shows that the prototype has 12‐ms policy decision overhead on average and is scalable. We anticipate that researchers will develop additional multi‐tenant authorization models before eventual consolidation and convergence to standard industry practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality in the Light of Identity, Reputation and Role Taking: A Review of Socioanalytic Theory (2021)

This paper reviews Hogan’s socioanalytic theory of personality which is an integration of evolutionary psychology, depth psychology and role theory. Personality is defined both from the actor’s and the observer’s points of view: Identity is how an actor sees themselves and believes that others will perceive them; while reputation, is essentially how others evaluate a person’s behavior, summing up both collective observations. The paper describes the various Hogan tests. It also looks at the concept of mentalizing and how that may be integrated with socioanalytic theory. Finally, it considers issues around personality change.
Suitability of 2-deoxyglucose for in vitro measurement of glucose transport activity in skeletal muscle (1994)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) for measurement of glucose transport activity in rat skeletal muscles in vitro when transport rates are high. The goal was to determine whether glucose phosphorylation rather than transport becomes limiting under experimental conditions normally employed in muscle incubation experiments. The rate of 2-DG uptake assayed in the presence of 8 mM 2-DG and a maximally effective concentration of insulin remained linear for > or = 60 min in the split soleus and 120 min in the epitrochlearis. Hexokinase activity assayed in skeletal muscle homogenates was not inhibited appreciably by 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate (2-DG-6-P) concentrations in the range of those achieved intracellularly during the linear phase of 2-DG uptake (i.e., 2-DG-6-P below approximately 30 mM). During this linear phase of 2-DG uptake, total intracellular 2-DG concentrations did not exceed 30 mM. The combined effects of contractions plus a maximally effective concentration of insulin on glucose transport activity measured at a near-saturating concentration of 2-DG were additive in the epitrochlearis and the soleus. Our results indicate that, under the conditions employed in our isolated muscle preparations, 2-DG uptake accurately reflects glucose transport activity and that 2-DG is the most appropriate glucose analogue for measurement of glucose transport activity when transport rates are high.
The Capricious Cushion: The Implications of the Directors and Insurance Liability Crisis on Canadian Corporate Governance (1993)

One of the clearest legacies of the growing concern expressed over the international competitiveness of Canadian and American businesses has been the urgency it has lent to a very old debate respecting the efficacy of the apparatus used to govern the business and affairs of large, public corporations. For instance, Michael Porter, one of the most articulate - if not the most prolific - of the new competitiveness scholars, has suggested that American economic performance could be improved by enhancing the performance of the traditional corporate governance apparatus. In this respect, his suggestions closely track the thrust of recent reform initiatives proposed by investors and regulators who seek to increase the performance of the board by making it more responsive, indeed responsible, to shareholder interests. Although some of the current critics of the corporate board have placed exclusive faith in the ability of market mechanisms to ensure heightened board effectiveness, most initiatives rely to some extent on strengthened legal duties and responsibilities to achieve this task. And, as measured by the growing willingness of both courts and securities regulators to impose liability on directors for failing to review diligently various corporate transactions (i.e., self-interested transactions, public financings, etc.), it is clear that the reformist calls made by these critics are slowly but surely being heeded. Paralleling the trend to increased legal liability of boards for actions that are inimical to shareholder interests has been an equally clear trend towards enhanced legal responsibility for corporate conduct deemed contrary to broader stakeholder or community interests.
Financial Inclusion- Challenges and Opportunities (2018)

Financial inclusion is the pursuit of making financial services accessible at affordable costs to all individuals and businesses. Financial inclusion strives to address and offer solutions to the constraints that exclude people from participating in the financial sector.
Object persistence for synthetic creatures (2002)

We present methods for anticipatory behavior in simulated graphical creatures. We discuss in general terms the importance of anticipatory behavior through explicit expectation formation. We present an in-depth description of a specific type of expectation-formation, namely location-expectation, or object persistence. A new representation - the Probabilistic Occupancy Map (POM) - is presented, and it is shown how this representation can be used to maintain estimations of the positions of mobile objects in the world based on both positive and negative knowledge provided by the creature's perceptual system. Finally a number of illustrative results are presented that show Duncan, our simulated dog, successfully performing a number of tasks that require a high degree of spatial common sense.
Control and Monitoring via Medium-Frequency Techniques and Existing Mine Conductors (1985)

Medium-frequency (MF) techniques have been successfully applied to the problem of radio voice communications in both coal and metal and nonmental mines. Long range is achieved by taking advantage of existing mine conductors that carry and propagate the signal over vast areas. It is very likely that in the near future such systems will become the preferred method for general mine communications. MF techniques can also be applied to the areas of in-mine control and monitoring. Preliminary work in this area is described. In a western mine, locomotives are being operated under MF remote control in a loading operation. In several eastern mines, MF has been evaluated as a method for monitoring the status of devices in remote areas of the mines. All control and monitor information uses existing mine conductors.
Adsorption characteristics of clay adsorbents – sepiolite, kaolin and synthetic talc – for removal of <scp>R</scp>eactive <scp>Y</scp>ellow 138:1 (2015)

Abstract Adsorption characteristics of three clay adsorbents – sepiolite, kaolin and synthetic talc – were investigated to determine their applicability to remove an anionic reactive dye – Reactive Yellow 138:1 – from a water stream. Results showed that synthetic talc had the highest maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 10.07 mg/g, followed by kaolin (3.73 mg/g) and sepiolite (3.23 mg/g), for the removal of Reactive Yellow 138:1. Synthetic talc and sepiolite removed dyes from aqueous solutions mainly through physical adsorption depending on the surface area. By contrast, the adsorption mechanism of kaolin was strongly influenced by the anion exchange mechanism. Zeta potential analysis revealed that the adsorption capacity of clay adsorbents increased under acidic rather than alkaline conditions, owing to protonation of the clay surface. Moreover, synthetic talc was successfully regenerated by heating at more than 400°C, effectively restoring its original adsorption capacity.
IEC TC57 Security Standards for the Power System's Information Infrastructure - Beyond Simple Encryption (2006)

Communication protocols are one of the most critical parts of power system operations, responsible for retrieving information from field equipment and, vice versa, for sending control commands. Despite their key function, to-date these communication protocols have rarely incorporated any security measures, including security against inadvertent errors, power system equipment malfunctions, communications equipment failures, or deliberate sabotage. Since these protocols were very specialized, "security by obscurity" has been the primary approach. However, security by obscurity is no longer a valid concept. In particular, the electricity market is pressuring market participants to gain any edge they can. A tiny amount of information can turn a losing bid into a winning bid - or withholding that information from your competitor can make their winning bid into a losing bid. And the desire to disrupt power system operations can stem from simple teenager bravado to competitive gameplaying in the electrical marketplace to actual terrorism. This paper describes what the International Electrotechnical Council (IEC) is undertaking in TC57 WG15 on providing security for power system operations
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (2014)

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A 30-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history presented with fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, along with hepatosplenomegaly, for >1 month. Laboratory findings for infectious etiology were nondiagnostic. He underwent surgical resection for splenomegaly. The spleen
Revisions to remittance trends 2007 (2008)

Revised estimates show that remittance flows to developing countries were $251 billion in 2007, up 11 percent from 2006. This Brief discusses the slowdown in remittance flows to Mexico in the first part of 2008. Remittances to countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala), and Asia (Bangladesh, Pakistan, and the Philippines) continue to grow robustly.
How to Create a Digital Presence (2023)

Josie Ahlquist's book "Digital Leadership in Higher Education" provides stakeholders in higher education with strategies to establish authentic personal connections using social media.
Developer-Driven Threat Modeling: Lessons Learned in the Trenches (2011)

This article describes EMC/s real-world experiences with threat modeling, including major challenges encountered, lessons learned, and a description of the company's current developer-driven approach. Threat modeling is a conceptual exercise in which we analyze a system's architecture or design to find security flaws and reduce architectural risk.