gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (2001)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) arose from a marriage of classical DNA hybridization in solution to modern molecular biologic techniques, most notably the use of restriction endonucleases and, later, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The former has made identification of both genes and relevant interspersed sequences possible, whereas without the latter, many widely used probes would not be available. FISH allows one to localize a specific DNA sequence to a specific chromosome, region of a chromosome, or cell type. Generally, the morphology of the chromosome, cell, or tissue of interest is preserved to permit unambiguous identification of the target (1–3). Consequently, the technique has been widely used in a variety of venues. Gene mapping (4), chromosome identification (5), demonstration of gene amplification in some solid tumors (6,7), identification of chimeric populations, minimal residual disease, and tumor cells admixed in normal tissue (8,9) are just a few examples. The advantages of modern FISH techniques include: 

1.

Simple, straightforward, standardized techniques




2.

Wide assortment of probes available commercially




3.

Double labeling and use of multiple probes on a single cell




4.

Rapid turnaround times (anywhere from 4 h to a maximum of 48 h).
AL-SAFE: A Secure Self-Adaptable Application-Level Firewall for IaaS Clouds (2016)

Application-level firewalls filter traffic based on a white list of processes that are allowed to access the network. Although they have a complete overview of the system in which they are executed, they can be easily bypassed by knowledgable attackers. In this paper we present AL-SAFE, a cloud-tailored application-level self-adaptable firewall which combines the high degree of visibility of an application-level firewall with the isolation of a traditional standalone firewall. AL-SAFE is able to filter traffic at two distinct points in the virtual infrastructure and adapt the enforced rulesets based on changes in the virtual infrastructure topology and the list of services running inside the virtual machines. Our performance analysis shows that AL-SAFE imposes a tolerable delay to legitimate network connections while it is able to filter out all unauthorised packets.
Aconitase is a sensitive and critical target of oxygen poisoning in cultured mammalian cells and in rat lungs. (1994)

The effect of hyperoxia on activity of the superoxide-sensitive citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase was measured in cultured human epithelial-like A549 cells and in rat lungs. Rapid and progressive loss of > 80% of the aconitase activity in A549 cells was seen during a 24-hr exposure to a PO2 of 600 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133 Pa). Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory capacity correlated with loss of aconitase activity in A549 cells exposed to hyperoxia, and this effect could be mimicked by fluoroacetate (or fluorocitrate), a metabolic poison of aconitase. Exposure of rats to an atmospheric PO2 of 760 mmHg or 635 mmHg for 24 hr caused respective 73% and 61% decreases in total lung aconitase activity. We propose that early inactivation of aconitase and inhibition of the energy-producing and biosynthetic reactions of the citric acid cycle contribute to the sequelae of lung damage and edema seen during exposure to hyperoxia.
Complete recovery in plasma of enzymes lost from the heart after permanent coronary artery occlusion in the dog. (1990)

Plasma activities of creatine kinase (CK) and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) were measured after permanent coronary artery occlusion in the dog. Cumulative release of enzymes in plasma was calculated from these data by using a previously validated two-compartment model for circulating enzymes. Regional myocardial ischemia was measured by injection of radiolabeled microspheres. After 48 hours, the dogs were killed, and a detailed map of left ventricular enzyme activity was obtained from 108 tissue samples. Cumulative release into plasma of CK and HBD was 96 +/- 20% and 112 +/- 26%, respectively, of the total activities depleted from the heart (mean +/- SD, n = 11). The scatter in these values is inherent to the calculations, and it is concluded that both enzymes are recovered completely in plasma and, thus, can be used as quantitative markers of injury. Discrepancies between this result and earlier reports on the recovery of CK are only partly apparent and can be explained partly by underestimation of the elimination rate of CK from plasma, irregardless of tissue edema and incomplete extraction of enzyme activity from tissue.
Ripple Field AC Losses in 10-MW Wind Turbine Generators With a MgB<sub>2</sub>Superconducting Field Winding (2016)

Superconducting (SC) synchronous generators are proposed as a promising candidate for 10-20-MW direct-drive wind turbines because they can have low weights and small sizes. A common way of designing an SC machine is to use SC wires with high current-carrying capability in the dc field winding and the ac armature winding is made with copper conductors. In such generators, the dc field winding is exposed to ac magnetic field ripples due to space harmonics from the armature. In generator design phases, the ac loss caused by these ripple fields needs to be evaluated to avoid local overheating and an excessive cooling budget. To determine the applicability of different design solutions in terms of ac losses, this paper estimates the ac loss level of 10-MW wind generator designs employing a MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> SC field winding. The effects on ac losses are compared between nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic teeth with different numbers of slots per pole per phase. The necessity of an electromagnetic shield is then discussed based on the obtained loss levels. The results show that the total ac loss is so small that ferromagnetic teeth can be applied in the generator design without using an electromagnetic shield.
Navigo: Interest forwarding by geolocations in vehicular Named Data Networking (2015)

This paper proposes Navigo, a location based packet forwarding mechanism for vehicular Named Data Networking (NDN). Navigo takes a radically new approach to address the challenges of frequent connectivity disruptions and sudden network changes in a vehicle network. Instead of forwarding packets to a specific moving car, Navigo aims to fetch specific pieces of data from multiple potential carriers of the data. The design provides (1) a mechanism to bind NDN data names to the producers' geographic area(s); (2) an algorithm to guide Interests towards data producers using a specialized shortest path over the road topology; and (3) an adaptive discovery and selection mechanism that can identify the best data source across multiple geographic areas, as well as quickly react to changes in the V2X network.
Hyaluronan Polymer Size Modulates Intraocular Pressure (1997)

To investigate whether the occasional increase in intraocular pressure that may arise following injection of sodium hyaluronan into the anterior segment during intraocular surgery is related to the polymer size of hyaluronan, controlled fragmentation of hyaluronan chains in vitro was obtained using progressive incubation with testicular hyaluronidase. The profile of molecular sizes of the hyaluronan polymers in various preparations was determined using molecular sieve column chromatography. Individual preparations were injected into six rabbit eyes and intraocular pressures were measured every one-half hour for 12 hours. Longer incubations of hyaluronan with hyaluronidase resulted in more extensive degradation with accumulation of shorter chain lengths. In the rabbit, mean intraocular pressure for 12 hours following intracameral injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) is proportional to the polymer size of HA. The occasional elevation of intraocular pressure that occurs following injection of hyaluronan during ophthalmic surgery can be avoided in part by assuring the rapid fragmentation of the large molecular size hyaluronan polymer.
<i>myo</i>-Inositol phosphorothioates, phosphatase-resistant analogues of <i>myo</i>-inositol phosphates. Synthesis of <scp>dl</scp>-<i>myo</i>-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and <scp>dl</scp>-<i>myo</i>-inositol 1,4-bisphosphorothioate (1987)

Syntheses of a metabolite of the second messenger myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, and an analogue, the 1,4-bisphosphorothioate, are reported, by using phosphite chemistry on (+/-)-1,2:4,5-di-isopropylidene-myo-inositol. The synthesis of (+/-)-1,2:4,5-di-isopropylidene 3,6-bis[di-(2-cyanoethyl)]phosphite provides an intermediate that can be oxidized to either the corresponding bisphosphate or bisphosphorothioate. myo-Inositol phosphorothioates are proposed as novel analogues of myo-inositol phosphates; their resistance to phosphatase-catalysed breakdown is reported.
Reduction of unwanted submental fat with <scp>ATX</scp> ‐101 (deoxycholic acid), an adipocytolytic injectable treatment: results from a phase <scp>III</scp> , randomized, placebo‐controlled study (2013)

ATX-101 was effective and well tolerated for nonsurgical SMF reduction.
On-Line Vibration Source Detection of Running Trains Based on Acceleration Measurement (2006)

To ensure safety of railway operation, it is important to regularly check railway conditions such as deformation of the rails. To monitor rail deformation, this paper presents a method for detecting sources of vibrations a running train on-line by measuring accelerations, which include the train bogie's lateral acceleration, and the crossbeam's lateral and vertical accelerations. A series of detection algorithms including peak-peak value entropy comparison, weighted correlation coefficients comparison etc. are proposed in the method, according to different characters of vibrations from train itself and rail deformation. To eliminate the vibration due to the train itself, the algorithm employs the peak-peak value entropy comparison. To identify the order of the vibrations between crossbeam and bogie, a weighted correlation coefficient is applied. Weight center and maximum position are used to detect at last. The algorithms were implemented on a passenger train using ARM processor and real experiments were conducted on the train on the railway between Shenyang and Dalian in China. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can produce satisfactory results.
Interpreting Contact Interactions to Overcome Failure in Robot Assembly Tasks (2021)

A key challenge towards autonomous multi-part object assembly is robust sensorimotor control under uncertainty. In contrast to previous works that rely on a priori knowledge on whether two parts match, we aim to learn this through physical interaction. We propose a hierarchical approach that enables a robot to autonomously assemble parts while being uncertain about part types and positions. In particular, our probabilistic approach learns a set of differentiable filters that leverage the tactile sensorimotor trace from failed assembly attempts to update its belief about part position and type. This enables a robot to overcome assembly failure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a set of object fitting tasks. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves higher precision in object position and type estimation, and accomplishes object fitting tasks faster than baselines.
White matter changes in extremely preterm infants, a population‐based diffusion tensor imaging study (2010)

Only 14% of the extremely preterm infants had moderate or severe WM abnormalities on MRI. However, the incidence of DEHSI was high. In the DEHSI regions, changes in diffusion parameters were detected, indicating altered WM organization.
Epidemiology of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants in <i>Shigella</i> spp. and Enteroinvasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> : Characterization and Dissemination of <i>tet</i> (A)- <i>1</i> (2003)

To make a comprehensive study of tetracycline resistance determinant distribution in the genus Shigella, a collection of 577 clinical isolates of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) from a variety of geographical locations was screened to identify tetracycline-resistant strains. The 459 tetracycline-resistant isolates identified were then screened by PCR analysis to determine the distribution in these strains of tetracycline efflux resistance determinants belonging to classes A to E, G, and H that have been identified in gram-negative bacteria. Only classes A to D were represented in these strains. Although Tet B was the predominant determinant in all geographical locations, there were geographical and species differences in the distribution of resistance determinants. An allele of tet(A), designated tet(A)-1, was identified and sequenced, and the 8.6-kb plasmid containing determinant Tet A-1, designated pSSTA-1, was found to have homologies to portions of a Salmonella enterica cryptic plasmid and the broad-host-range resistance plasmid RSF1010. This allele and pSSTA-1 were used as epidemiological markers to monitor clonal and horizontal transmission of determinant Tet A-1. An analysis of serotype, distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants, and resistance profiles indicated that both clonal spread and horizontal transfer had contributed to the spread of specific tetracycline resistance determinants in these populations and demonstrated the use of these parameters as an epidemiological tool to follow the transmission of determinants and strains.
Atypical E2F activity coordinates PHR1 photolyase gene transcription with endoreduplication onset (2010)

Because of their sessile life style, plants have evolved the ability to adjust to environmentally harsh conditions. An important aspect of stress adaptation involves the reprogramming of the cell cycle to ensure optimal growth. The atypical E2F transcription factor DP-E2F-like 1 (E2Fe/DEL1) had been found previously to be an important regulator of the endocycle onset. Here, a novel role for E2Fe/DEL1 was identified as a transcriptional repressor of the type-II cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer-photolyase DNA repair gene PHR1. Upon ultraviolet-B (UV-B) treatment, plants knocked out for E2Fe/DEL1 had improved DNA repair abilities when compared with control plants, whereas those overexpressing it performed less well. Better DNA repair allowed E2Fe/DEL1 knockout plants to resume endoreduplication faster than control plants, contributing in this manner to UV-B radiation resistance by compensating the stress-induced reduction in cell number by ploidy-dependent cell growth. As E2Fe/DEL1 levels decreased upon UV-B treatment, we hypothesize that the coordinated transcriptional induction of PHR1 with the endoreduplication onset contributes to the adaptation of plants exposed to UV-B stress.
Improving parents' early recognition and understanding of infant cranial abnormalities through Web-based 2-D animations of 3-D structures. (2003)

A prototype Web site, "HeadStart: a craniosynostosis and positional plagiocephaly resource," was developed to help parents of children with cranial abnormalities access information about their child's condition. An on-line survey of 30 parents confirmed the need for information regarding the early diagnosis and treatment of cranial abnormalities. Three methods of creating the illusion of 3-D in a 2-D interactive animation were investigated. The final prototype Web site was developed using a novel approach to rendering 3-D models for use on the Web using a non-photorealistic rendering technique which emulated a hand-drawn appearance. Many advantages were found when creating 2-D animations based on 3-D files. A formative evaluation with parents revealed that the 3-D feature added to their understanding of cranial structures and led to a more complete understanding of their child's condition. Although the small sample size limits the ability to generalize about the success of including 3-D elements in educational programs, the research demonstrated that involving parents in the development process was successful in prioritizing the program content to fit with their needs.
Big Data Analytics- Application of Artificial Neural Network in Forecasting Stock Price Trends in India (2018)

The world has become data driven, which highly accentuated the utilization of information technology. The movements of stock markets are influenced, by both the micro as well as macro economic variables including the legal framework and taxation policies of the respective economies. The crux of the issue lies in exactly forecasting the future stock price movements of individual firms and stock indices, based on historical past prices. The accuracy, in forecasting the market trend, has become difficult due to the prevalence of stochastic behaviour and volatility in the stock prices and index movements. This paper analyses the non- linear movement pattern of the most volatile, top three stocks in terms of market capitalization, listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in India, namely Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Limited and HDFC Bank Limited, using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for the study period from 2008 to 2017. The findings of the study would help the investors, to make rational, well informed investment decisions, to optimize the stock returns by investing in the most valuable stocks.
Arthroscopic Evaluation on Intra-Articular Pathology in Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation Aged Over 40 Years (2009)

: 2009 12 1, 1 : 2009 12 14, : 2009 12 21 2007
Using Volt-Second Sensing to Directly Improve Torque Accuracy and Self-Sensing at Low Speeds (2017)

As a result of dead-time, device on-state voltage drop, dc bus voltage measurement error, etc., volt-second errors degrade precise control of torque and flux linkage, particularly at low speeds. This is true for deadbeat-direct torque and flux control, which directly manipulates the volt-second vector sourced by inverters, as well as for indirect field oriented control drives. This paper introduces a real-time sensing scheme to measure the motor terminal volt-second vectors for each switching period with negligible phase lag. Based on the volt-second sensing, a model reference adaptive system-based approach is developed to decouple the volt-second errors from inverter nonlinearity, and dc bus voltage fluctuation and measurement error. By delivering an accurate volt-second vector for each switching period, torque and flux control accuracy, self-sensing performance, and parameter estimation accuracy are significantly enhanced.
Ontogeny of the Maize Shoot Apical Meristem (2012)

The maize (Zea mays) shoot apical meristem (SAM) arises early in embryogenesis and functions during stem cell maintenance and organogenesis to generate all the aboveground organs of the plant. Despite its integral role in maize shoot development, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of SAM initiation. Laser microdissection of apical domains from developing maize embryos and seedlings was combined with RNA sequencing for transcriptomic analyses of SAM ontogeny. Molecular markers of key events during maize embryogenesis are described, and comprehensive transcriptional data from six stages in maize shoot development are generated. Transcriptomic profiling before and after SAM initiation indicates that organogenesis precedes stem cell maintenance in maize; analyses of the first three lateral organs elaborated from maize embryos provides insight into their homology and to the identity of the single maize cotyledon. Compared with the newly initiated SAM, the mature SAM is enriched for transcripts that function in transcriptional regulation, hormonal signaling, and transport. Comparisons of shoot meristems initiating juvenile leaves, adult leaves, and husk leaves illustrate differences in phase-specific (juvenile versus adult) and meristem-specific (SAM versus lateral meristem) transcript accumulation during maize shoot development. This study provides insight into the molecular genetics of SAM initiation and function in maize.
A direct measurement of interfacial contact resistance (1982)

A method is described for directly measuring interfacial contact resistance and estimating the degree of uniformity of the interfacial layer in metal-semiconductor contacts. A two-dimensional resistor network model is used to obtain a relationship between the specific contact resistance and the measured interfacial contact resistance for contacts with a homogeneous interfacial layer. Measurement results are given for 98.5% Al/1.5% Si and 100 % Al contacts on n-type silicon.
An Algorithm for Computing Dynamic Flooding Topologies (2020)

Link-state routing protocols suffer from excessive flooding in dense
network topologies. Dynamic flooding [I-D.ietf-lsr-dynamic-flooding]
alleviates the problem by decoupling the flooding topology from the
physical topology. Link-state protocol updates are flooded only on the
sparse flooding topology while data traffic is still forwarded on the
physical topology. This document describes an algorithm to obtain a
sparse subgraph from a dense graph. The resulting subgraph has certain
desirable properties and can be used as a flooding topology in dynamic
flooding. This document discloses the algorithm that we have
developed in order to make it easier for other developers to implement
similar algorithms. We do not claim that our algorithm is optimal,
rather it is a pragmatic effort and we expect that further research
and refinement can improve the results. We are not proposing that
this algorithm be standardized, nor that the working group use this as
a basis for further standardization work, however we have no
objections if the working group chooses to do so.
Blue light-induced apoptosis of A2E-containing RPE: involvement of caspase-3 and protection by Bcl-2. (2001)

Blue light illumination of RPE in the setting of intracellular A2E initiates a cell death program that is executed by a proteolytic caspase cascade and that is regulated by Bcl-2.
The use of the Kawabata Evaluation System for product development and quality control (1990)

The clothing manufacturing industry is an important user of the products of the dyeing and finishing industry. Major advances in Japan have shown that the use of mechanical property data can assist the dyer and finisher in providing products that are sufficiently consistent for their efficient conversion into clothes. The Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES–F) can be used to provide appropriate information of use for quality control, product development and product specification. Current uses and applications are discussed.