gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Therapies Combining Antiangiogenic and Tumor Cell Cytotoxic Effects Reduce the Tumor Stem-Like Cell Fraction in Glioma Xenograft Tumors (2007)

Vascular endothelial cells have been identified as a critical component of the neural stem cell niche, raising the possibility that brain tumor stem-like cells (TSLC) may also rely on signaling interactions with nearby tumor vasculature to maintain their stem-like state. The disruption of such a TSLC vascular niche by an antiangiogenic therapy could result in loss of stemness characteristics associated with intrinsic drug resistance and, thus, preferentially sensitize TSLC to the effects of chemotherapy. Considering these possibilities, we investigated the impact of antiangiogenic anticancer therapy on the TSLC fraction of glioma tumors. Athymic nude mice bearing s.c. tumor xenografts of the C6 rat glioma cell line were treated with either a targeted antiangiogenic agent, antiangiogenic schedules of low-dose metronomic chemotherapy, combination therapies of antiangiogenic agents and chemotherapy, or, for the purpose of comparison, a conventional cytotoxic schedule of maximum tolerated dose chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide. Targeted antiangiogenic therapy or cytotoxic chemotherapy did not reduce the fraction of tumor sphere-forming units (SFU) in the tumor, whereas all treatment groups that combined both antiangiogenic and cytotoxic drug effects caused a significant reduction in SFU. This work highlights the possibility that selective eradication of TSLC may be achieved by targeting the tumor microenvironment (and potentially a supportive TSLC niche) rather than the TSLC directly. Furthermore, this work suggests a possible novel effect of antiangiogenic therapy, namely, as a chemosensitizer of TSLC, and thus represents a possible new mechanism to explain the ability of antiangiogenic therapy to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Labeling Conditions Using a 2-Aminobenzamide Reagent for Quantitative Analysis of Sialo-oligosaccharides. (2000)

During 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB)-labeling of sialo-oligosaccharides the authors encountered a significant loss of sialic acids under the reported conditions, at 65 degrees C for 2 h. By examination of the relationship between labeling temperature and recovery of tetra-sialylated oligosaccharides, 2-AB-labeling at 37 degrees C for 16 h resulted in a maximum yield with practically no loss of sialic acid. Under the newly optimized conditions, the reproducibility of 2-AB-labeling was examined in triplicate with three lots of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO). The present conditions gave analytical data comparable to those obtained by the established NaB[3H]4 labeling procedure. The modified method has been applied to oligosaccharide structural analysis of sialoglycoprotein therapeutics.
Synthesis, Opioid Receptor Affinity, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sterically Hindered Morphine 3-Esters* (1996)

With the intention of preparing prodrugs, 10 morphine 3-esters were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for opioid receptor binding and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results of binding assays performed on homogenates of guinea pig brain demonstrate a loss in affinity of morphine to mu-, delta-, and kappa-receptors by esterification at the 3-position. The conversion of the esters to morphine was determined in human plasma by HPLC analysis. The half-lives of hydrolysis ranged from 0.5 to > 300 h. The investigations indicate that esterification at the 3-position results in morphine prodrugs with variable hydrolytic stability. Sterically hindered morphine 3-esters may be a promising approach to manipulate the rate of release of morphine.
ExtraV (2017)

In this paper, we propose ExtraV, a framework for near-storage graph processing. It is based on the novel concept of graph virtualization , which efficiently utilizes a cache-coherent hardware accelerator at the storage side to achieve performance and flexibility at the same time. ExtraV consists of four main components: 1) host processor, 2) main memory, 3) AFU (Accelerator Function Unit) and 4) storage. The AFU, a hardware accelerator, sits between the host processor and storage. Using a coherent interface that allows main memory accesses, it performs graph traversal functions that are common to various algorithms while the program running on the host processor (called the host program) manages the overall execution along with more application-specific tasks. Graph virtualization is a high-level programming model of graph processing that allows designers to focus on algorithm-specific functions. Realized by the accelerator, graph virtualization gives the host programs an illusion that the graph data reside on the main memory in a layout that fits with the memory access behavior of host programs even though the graph data are actually stored in a multi-level, compressed form in storage. We prototyped ExtraV on a Power8 machine with a CAPI-enabled FPGA. Our experiments on a real system prototype offer significant speedup compared to state-of-the-art software only implementations.
Cytomegalovirus seroconversion rates and risk factors: implications for congenital CMV (2010)

Congenital CMV infection is caused by in utero mother-to-fetus transmission and is a leading cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities. The highest risk of disability is to children born to women who have a primary infection during pregnancy, which can be detected by measuring seroconversion. We reviewed studies that reported rates of CMV seroconversion in different populations. Among pregnant women, annual seroconversion rates typically ranged from 1 to 7% (summary annual rate = 2.3%, 95% CI = 2.1-2.4%). Healthcare workers, including those caring for infants and children, had seroconversion rates similar to pregnant women (summary annual rate = 2.3%, 95% CI = 1.9-2.9%). Among day-care providers, seroconversion rates ranged from 0 to 12.5% (summary annual rate = 8.5%, 95% CI = 6.1-11.6%). Parents whose child was not shedding CMV were much less likely to seroconvert (summary annual rate = 2.1%, 95% CI = 0.3-6.8%) than were parents who had a child shedding CMV (summary annual rate = 24%, 95% CI = 18-30%). Nevertheless, over the course of a year, most parents exposed to a CMV-shedding child do not become infected. Other groups with elevated risk included families with a CMV-shedding member, female minority adolescents and women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. The relatively low rate of CMV seroconversion in most populations is encouraging for behavioural interventions and for vaccine strategies attempting to prevent infection during pregnancy.
Assembly and Validation of Versatile Transcription Activator-Like Effector Libraries (2014)

The ability to perturb individual genes in genome-wide experiments has been instrumental in unraveling cellular and disease properties. Here we introduce, describe the assembly, and demonstrate the use of comprehensive and versatile transcription activator-like effector (TALE) libraries. As a proof of principle, we built an 11-mer library that covers all possible combinations of the nucleotides that determine the TALE-DNA binding specificity. We demonstrate the versatility of the methodology by constructing a constraint library, customized to bind to a known p53 motif. To verify the functionality in assays, we applied the 11-mer library in yeast-one-hybrid screens to discover TALEs that activate human SCN9A and miR-34b respectively. Additionally, we performed a genome-wide screen using the complete 11-mer library to confirm known genes that confer cycloheximide resistance in yeast. Considering the highly modular nature of TALEs and the versatility and ease of constructing these libraries we envision broad implications for high-throughput genomic assays.
Experimental models and treatment trials for cerebral infarction. (1998)

Recent progress in both experimental and clinical studies of cerebral infarction is outlined, and research on delayed neuronal death and ischemic penumbra is described. Development of animal models to study clinical pathophysiology is reviewed, and our focal cerebral ischemia model which has been used for many years is introduced. With elucidation of the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia, various pharmaceutical agents have appeared recently in the clinical setting and our experimental trials on the treatment of cerebral ischemia are also introduced. From the clinical aspect, practical methods of treatment including antiplatelet therapy are explained. Cerebrovascular dementia and its prevention are also described.
A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Comparative Study of Two Type A Botulinum Toxins in the Treatment of Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis (2007)

BOTOX and Dysport presented similar levels of safety and efficacy in the treatment of primary axillary hyperhidrosis when a conversion factor of 1:3 was used.
Purification and Some Properties of Sucrose Phosphorylase from<i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> (1991)

Sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) was purified to homogeneity from Leuconostoc mesenteroides cells with a specific activity of 173.8 units per mg protein by ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange HPLC on TSKgel DEAE-5PW, and hydrophobic HPLC on TSKgel Ether-5PW. The purified enzyme was an acidic protein having an isoelectric point of pH 4.6 and s0(20),W of 4.34S. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated to be 56,400 by sedimentation equilibrium, 55,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and HPLC gel filtration on TSKgel G3000SW, suggesting that the enzyme is a monomeric protein. With regard to molecular weight, amino acid composition, and N-terminal amino acid sequence of 30 residues, this enzyme is close to the glucosyltransferase A of Streptococcus mutans.
Improved downward-looking terrain database integrity monitor and terrain navigation (2005)

Terrain database integrity monitors and terrain referenced navigation systems are both based on performing a comparison between stored terrain elevation data and data obtained from airborne sensors such as radar altimeters, inertial measurement units (IMUs), Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers etc. The concept of consistency checking as used for the integrity monitor function originated from terrain referenced navigation systems. This paper discusses the extension to a previously proposed method of improving the performance of a spatial integrity monitor for terrain elevation databases. Furthermore, this paper discusses an improvement of the terrain-referenced aircraft position estimation for aircraft navigation using only the information from downward-looking sensors, GPS and the terrain databases, and not the information from the IMU. Horizontal failures have been characterized based on the sensed terrain information. Kalman filter methods have been designed to achieve the integrity monitor and terrain navigation performance improvements. The performance of the proposed position estimator and integrity monitor is evaluated using flight test data from NASA's flight trials at Eagle/Vail (EGE), CO and Ohio University's flight trials at Albany (KUNI), OH, Asheville (AVL), NC, and Juneau (JNU), AK.
A potent anti-coagulant RNA aptamer inhibits blood coagulation by specifically blocking the extrinsic clotting pathway (2006)

A potent antidote-controlled aptamer, as an anticoagulant, has reportedly overcome the complications of acute bleeding by the administration of available anticoagulants. In the present study, we provide evidence that the aptamer binds specifically to factors IX and IXa and inhibits their functions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the aptamer inhibits blood coagulation by interfering with the extrinsic pathway, blocking the complex of factor VIIa and tissue factor interactions with factor IX. The results from the previous and present studies suggest that the aptamer probably binds in the vicinity of the EGF1 and EGF2 domains of factor IX.
A Novel Countermeasure Enhancing Side Channel Immunity in FPGAs (2008)

Side channel attacks (SCAs) are very effective in extracting information from algorithmically secure systems. Since, the earliest reports of attacks exploiting side channels such as power consumption, timing behavior and electromagnetic radiation etc., the countermeasures to resist such attacks have also been proposed. FPGAs originally thought to be resistant to such attacks because of some inherent characteristics were also found to leak information over the side channels. Overtime, SCA countermeasures have been proposed that continue to fade away as resistant attack techniques are developed. In this article an FPGA implementation of a multi-clock system with cipher embodiment, incorporating a novel countermeasure to resist SCAs, is presented. The proposed methodology of embedding single inverter ring oscillators (SIROs) within the synchronous cores helps improve immunity against electromagnetic, fault and glitch attacks, while the introduction of frequency hopping by randomly varying frequency driving the cipher hardens the system against power and timing attacks. The incorporated countermeasure enhances the immunity of FPGA based implementation against multiple types of SCAs without adversely affecting cost or performance.
Porous Substoichiometric TiO<sub>2</sub> Anodes as Reactive Electrochemical Membranes for Water Treatment (2013)

This research investigates the characterization and testing of an anodic reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) for water treatment. The REM consists of a porous substoichiometric titanium dioxide (Ti4O7) tubular, ceramic electrode operated in cross-flow filtration mode. Advection-enhanced mass transfer rates, on the order of a 10-fold increase, are obtained when the REM is operated in filtration-mode, relative to a traditional flow-through mode. Oxidation experiments with model organic compounds showed that the REM was active for both direct oxidation reactions and formation of hydroxyl radicals (OH(•)). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data interpreted by transmission line modeling determined that the electro-active surface area was 619 times the nominal geometric surface area. Results from filtration-mode experiments with p-methoxyphenol indicate that compound removal occurred by electro-assisted adsorption and subsequent oxidation. Electro-assisted adsorption was the primary removal mechanism at potentials where OH(•) did not form. At higher potentials (>2.0 V), where OH(•) concentrations were significant, p-methoxyphenol removal occurred by a combination of electro-assisted adsorption and OH(•) oxidation. These removal mechanisms resulted in 99.9% p-methoxyphenol removal in the permeate, with calculated current efficiencies >73% at applied current densities of 0.5-1.0 mA cm(-2). These results illustrate the extreme promise of the REM for water treatment.
Spherical Nanocrystalline Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/C Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Deep levels in silicon–oxygen superlattices (2015)

This work reports on the deep levels observed in Pt/Al2O3/p-type Si metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors containing a silicon-oxygen superlattice (SL) by deep-level transient spectroscopy. It is shown that the presence of the SL gives rise to a broad band of hole traps occurring around the silicon mid gap, which is absent in reference samples with a silicon epitaxial layer. In addition, the density of states of the deep layers roughly scales with the number of SL periods for the as- deposited samples. Annealing in a forming gas atmosphere reduces the maximum concentration significantly, while the peak energy position shifts from close-to mid-gap towards the valence band edge. Based on the flat-band voltage shift of the Capacitance-Voltage characteristics it is inferred that positive charge is introduced by the oxygen atomic layers in the SL, indicating the donor nature of the underlying hole traps. In some cases, a minor peak associated with P-b dangling bond centers at the Si/SiO2 interface has been observed as well.
Enhanced Reliability and Performance of High-k MOSFET by Two-Step Annealing (2006)

The effect of high pressure (HP) annealing and subsequent annealing, to enhance reliability, on hafnium–based high- metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) has been studied. HP hydrogen annealing effectively passivates dangling bonds which in turn reduce the interface state density. Additional annealing in nitrogen ambient reduces threshold voltage shifts due to bias temperature instability and hot carrier injection. This improvement due to subsequent annealing might be related with the annihilation of hydrogen–related trapping sites from the high- bulk. Since charge trapping is attributed mainly to dangling bonds at the interface and excess hydrogen species in the bulk of the high- oxide, by optimizing annealing conditions, both reliability and performance of high- MOSFETs are improved.
Spectrométrie d''absorption atomique (1985)

1 Introduction 2 Théorie 2.1 Émission 2.2 Absorption 2.3 Largeur des raies spectrales 2.4 Absorption intégrée. Absorbance 2.5 Mesure du coefficient d'absorption 2.6 Équilibres atomiques 2.7 Conclusions 3 Appareillage 3.1 Principe 3.2 Générateurs de photons 3.3
Proton and sodium ion affinities of glycine and its sodium salt in the gas phase. <i>Ab initio</i> calculations (1992)

Abstract The energies of protonation and Na + cationization of glycine (GLY) and its (GLY − H + Na) salt in the gas phase were calculated using ab inltio calculations. The proton affinity of GLY, valued at the MP2/6–31G*//3‐21G level, is 937 kJ mol −1 . The amino function is confirmed to be the most favourable site of protonation: ‘proton affinities’ of the carbonyl and hydroxyl functions are calculated to be 75 and 180 kJ mol −1 , respectively, lower than that of NH 2 at the MP2/6‐31G*//3–21G level. Calculations performed up to the MP2/6–31G*//3–21G level give the Na + affinity of GLY as 189 kJ mol −1 and the H + and Na + affinities of (GLY – H + Na) as 1079 and 298 kJ mol −1 , respectively. The geometries of all neutral and protonated species optimized with the 3–21G basis set are described. Both H* and Na + cations complex preferably between the nitrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom, leading to pseudo‐five‐membered ring structures in which NaO and NaN bonds lengths are greater than 2 Å.
Interfacial delamination and delamination mechanism maps for 3D printed flexible electrical interconnects (2021)

Flexible electronic systems integrate heterogeneous materials such as ceramics, metals, and elastomers, which results in interfaces prone to delamination under stress. In this research, we show that delamination can be initiated in a polyimide-based flexible interconnect system directly printed on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate where the metallic interconnect acts as the crack initiation site. This problem is experimentally and analytically evaluated to identify the controlling parameters and propose pathways to prevent delamination. The driving force for delamination is shown to be the vapor pressure of the absorbed moisture in the polymer. Based on the dimensions of the cracks in our system (20–60 μm) and the thickness of the delaminated polymer films (2–6 μm), nonlinear von-Kármán plate theory is utilized to capture both membrane stretching and thin plate bending behavior in the polymer films. The model yields ‘delamination mechanism maps’ that relate the energy release rate to the geometric dimensions of the flexible interconnects/circuits. For thin polymer films, a ‘vapor starved’ regime is shown where insufficient moisture reduces the driving force for delamination. For thicker films, a higher resistance to fracture is observed due to an increased rigidity of the polymer layer which behaves as a ‘plate’ rather than a ‘membrane’. Under these conditions, however, the higher retained moisture in the thicker films sustains the driving force for fracture capable of reaching the critical energy release rate. The mechanism maps also reveal the width of the metallic conductor (i.e., the initial crack size) as an important factor controlling fracture. For example, it is shown that the energy release rate for fracture is reduced from 20.5 to 4.6 J/m2 when the conductor width is reduced from 50 μm to 30 μm for a polymer film thickness of 6 μm. These predictions are shown to be in reasonable agreement with our experimental observations. A finite element model is also developed and used to further validate the analytical model. The work presented in this paper provides highly important and practical design guidelines for improved reliability of flexible electronic systems.
El paternalismo en salud pública. Un análisis desde el punto de vista ético (1997)

Los objetivos de este artículo son discutir el concepto del paternalismo y examinar las implicaciones que esto tiene cuando se aplica al servicio de salud. La autora discute cómo la coerción será aplicada a los beneficiarios del servicio de salud australiano con el fin de alcanzar las metas propuestas en relación a la cobertura de los programas de inmunización. Se propone que el modelo paternalista aplicado a los beneficiarios del servicio sea reemplazado por uno de asociación.
Local Inflammatory Diseases Are at Risk of Developing Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Renal Failure and Cancer via Chronic Systemic Inflammation (2007)

Inflammatory diseases at various anatomic sites, regardless how mild it appears, should not be taken lightly. If not treated, the chronic inflammation associated with the local inflammatory disease can lead to further development of fatal diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, renal failure, cancer and even chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inflammatory mediators generated from the local inflammation reaction will spread systemically and attack on cells of other organs and tissues. More than one target of cells may be attacked at the same time leading to the onset of new, multiple inflammatory diseases. Because inflammation is also known to play an important role in the pathogenesis and diseases progression of all fatal degenerative diseases, it is conceivable why patients with mild local inflammatory diseases are at risk of developing MI, stroke, renal failure and cancer.
Quantum efficiency of cesium iodide photocathodes at soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet wavelengths (1986)

We have measured the quantum efficiency for normal incidence radiation of microchannel plate detectors which use opaque or semitransparent photocathodes made of fluffy CsI, solid CsI, or both. At wavelengths below ~44 Å, detectors with fluffy CsI semitransparent photocathodes are more efficient than those with opaque photocathodes of solid CsI, but the opposite is true at longer wavelengths. Fluffy CsI semitransparent photocathodes with surface densities between 150 and 400 μg/cm2 are optimum at soft x-ray wavelengths, and we have obtained efficiencies of 35 and 41% at 8 and 44 Å, respectively, for a single-layer photocathode. The measured peak efficiency for an opaque layer of solid CsI, deposited at 0° coating angle and 5000 Å (226 μg/cm2) in thickness, is 56% at 110 Å.
Multi sensor approach to detection of heartbeat and respiratory rate aided by fuzzy logic (2010)

This paper describes a method for a heartbeat and respiratory rate monitoring system using air pressure sensors and ultrasonic oscillosensor. By using these sensors, we propose a detection method of the state of human and an extraction method of heartbeat and respiratory rate in bed by fuzzy logic. Our method was examined on four healthy volunteers. We successfully detected the state of human and extracted heartbeat and respiratory signals. In our method, fuzzy logic plays a primary role in the detection of the state and extraction of heartbeat and respiratory signals. An experiment on four healthy volunteers was done. Consequently, our proposed method noninvasively and successfully detects the state of human and extracted heartbeat and respiratory rate in the bed by using the unconstrained sensors.