gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bio‐orthogonal Fluorescent Labelling of Biopolymers through Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Reactions (2017)

Bio-orthogonal labelling schemes based on inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition have attracted much attention in chemical biology recently. The appealing features of this reaction, such as the fast reaction kinetics, fully bio-orthogonal nature and high selectivity, have helped chemical biologists gain deeper understanding of biochemical processes at the molecular level. Listing the components and discussing the possibilities and limitations of these reagents, we provide a recent snapshot of the field of IEDDA-based biomolecular manipulation with special focus on fluorescent modulation approaches through the use of bio-orthogonalized building blocks. At the end, we discuss challenges that need to be addressed for further developments in order to overcome recent limitations and to enable researchers to answer biomolecular questions in more detail.
A Cysteine-for-Arginine Substitution (R614C) in the Human Skeletal Muscle Calcium Release Channel Cosegregates With Malignant Hyperthermia (1992)

A point mutation in the human gene for the skeletal muscle calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor [RYR1]) correlates with inheritance of malignant hyperthermia in a family of Northern European descent. The substitution of thymine for cytosine at position 1840 of the RYR1 transcript results in a cysteine-for-arginine substitution at position 614 (R614C) of the amino acid sequence. The mutation was absent in 59 normal individuals from the general population, in 61 additional unrelated malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patients, and in 18 patients with malignant hyperthermia associated with other inherited or congenital diseases. Together with reports of an equivalent mutation in six susceptible pig strains and an identical mutation in one other human pedigree, these findings suggest that the cysteine-for-arginine mutation represents a shared calcium release channel pathogenesis between porcine malignant hyperthermia and a subset of mutations responsible for the human malignant hyperthermia syndrome.
Cell-Free Circulating Plasma hTERT mRNA Is a Useful Marker for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis Tumor Characteristics (2012)

Overall, these findings indicate that hTERT mRNA is a useful non-invasive tumor marker for the molecular diagnosis of PCa, affording a greater diagnostic and prognostic accuracy than the PSA assay and may be of relevance in the follow-up of the disease.
Complications Encountered in the Treatment of Pilon Fractures (1992)

A total of 52 tibial plafond (pilon) fractures in 51 patients were retrospectively reviewed from the years 1985-1990 to define the rate of complications encountered during their management. All fractures were managed under faculty supervision at a level I trauma center and its two affiliated institutions. The follow-up period was scrutinized to determine whether or not a complicating event occurred. Major local complications, termed events, were defined as those requiring unplanned surgery due to infection, wound breakdown with subsequent flap coverage, and failure of fixation or fracture healing. Reduction accuracy and final clinical results were not specifically examined. There were 14 (27%) type I, 17 (33%) type II, and 21 (40%) type III Ruedi-Allgower fracture types. The majority (79%) of the fractures were closed and 89% were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. The overall local complication rate was 54%. A total of 21 (40%) pilon fractures (six type I, six type II, and nine type III) had major local complicating events requiring 77 additional operations. Patient follow-up time ranged from 1 week (the occurrence of a major local complication) to 200 weeks (no complication), with a mean of 67 weeks. Kaplan-Meier survivorship (K-M) analysis was utilized to statistically estimate the complication rate in this patient population accounting for the occurrence of censored events. The K-M-determined event rate was 42 +/- 7%. Ten (of 21) pilon fractures had events by 3 weeks, while only two occurred beyond 40 weeks.
Development of standard direct coal liquefaction activity tests for fine-particle size, iron-based catalysts (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of standard direct coal liquefaction activity tests for fine-particle size, iron-based catalystsFrances V. Stohl and Kathleen V. DiegertCite this: Energy Fuels 1994, 8, 1, 117–123Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00043a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (915 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Recent Advances in the Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose (2010)

Shift happens: Concerns about the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the environmental problems related to its use have encouraged the development of new catalytic approaches for producing carbon-based chemicals from cellulosic biomass. Here, recent progress in the implementation of (mainly) heterogeneous acid, bifunctional, and multistep catalysis is reviewed.
La interacción entre modelos y teorías en la enseñanza de la cronotopía (2016)

La teoría de modelos en lógica formal permite refinar los conceptos de modelo y de teoría para producir descripciones más finas de las actividades noético-semióticas sobre el espacio-tiempo que constituyen la Cronotopía. Estas descripciones que explicitan el trabajo sobre los modelos como distinto del trabajo sobre las teorías y que aclaran el papel de los morfismos de interpretación de las teorías en los modelos permiten potenciar la manera de enseñar la Cronotopía por medio del diseño y gestión de situaciones-problema de tipo taller que sean apropiadas para estimular y guiar los procesos de aprender.
Adaptive Echo Cancellation Combined with Delay Estimation (2013)

This paper proposed an echo canceller to reduce the computational complexity of the long delay echo cancellation. Two adaptive filters were used for constructing this echo canceller. One was designed as a delay estimator, which used down-sampled sub-band signals to estimate the echo delay time. The other was designed as a short-tap filter to subtract the echo from the recorded signal with delay compensation. Experimental results showed that the output signal-to-noise ratio from the proposed canceller with low complexity is similar to that from the conventional canceller based on a long-tap filter.
A flexible interface architecture for reconfigurable coprocessors in embedded multicore systems using PCIe Single-root I/O virtualization (2014)

Especially in complex system-of-systems scenarios, where multiple high-performance or real-time processing functions need to co-exist and interact, reconfigurable devices together with virtualization techniques show considerable promise to increase efficiency, ease integration and maintain functional and non-functional properties of the individual functions. In this paper, we propose a flexible interface architecture with low overhead for coupling reconfigurable coprocessors to high-performance general-purpose processors, allowing customized yet efficient construction of heterogeneous processing systems. Our implementation is based on PCI Express (PCIe) and optimized for virtualized systems, taking advantage of the SR-IOV capabilities in modern PCIe implementations. We describe the interface architecture and its fundamental technologies, detail the services provided to individual coprocessors and accelerator modules, and quantify key corner performance indicators relevant for virtualized applications.
Experimental assessment of pattern and-probe aberration monitors (2003)

First experimental evidence of the high sensitivity of interferometric-probe based aberration targets on phase-shifting masks is presented. Measurements were made on an AIMS tool modified for NA = 0.2 with 150 μm imaging and 300 μm illumination pinholes to match an inadvertent 4× oversizing of the layout dimensions. Calibration of the actual NA (= 0.18) was accomplished through known phase-edge distances and comparison of images of isolated probes and large features with aerial image simulation. Even though only two-ring versions of the targets were measured the peak of the 90 deg. central probe in the defocus target increased linearly with focus at a rate of 47% of the clear field per Rayleigh unit (RU) of defocus when measured over a ±1/2 RU interval about best focus. The focal position can be measured to within 1/40 RU and the prediction of best focus on an absolute basis agrees with that determined by the Strehl ratio to within 1/35 of a Rayleigh focal length. The two-ring spherical and higher-order spherical targets showed decent orthogonality to focus with changes in their central peak intensities of only 0.47 and 0.37 of that of the defocus target even when viewed at an NA 10% smaller than their design.
Are We Speaking the Same Language? Recommendations for a Definition and Categorization Framework for Plastic Debris (2019)

The accumulation of plastic litter in natural environments is a global issue. Concerns over potential negative impacts on the economy, wildlife, and human health provide strong incentives for improving the sustainable use of plastics. Despite the many voices raised on the issue, we lack a consensus on how to define and categorize plastic debris. This is evident for microplastics, where inconsistent size classes are used and where the materials to be included are under debate. While this is inherent in an emerging research field, an ambiguous terminology results in confusion and miscommunication that may compromise progress in research and mitigation measures. Therefore, we need to be explicit on what exactly we consider plastic debris. Thus, we critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a unified terminology, propose a definition and categorization framework, and highlight areas of uncertainty. Going beyond size classes, our framework includes physicochemical properties (polymer composition, solid state, solubility) as defining criteria and size, shape, color, and origin as classifiers for categorization. Acknowledging the rapid evolution of our knowledge on plastic pollution, our framework will promote consensus building within the scientific and regulatory community based on a solid scientific foundation.
Stereocontrolled Creation of Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters by a Catalytic Conjugate Addition (2004)

Chirale Organokatalysatoren wie der gezeigte katalysieren Michael-Additionen einer Vielzahl von trisubstituierten Kohlenstoffnucleophilen an Nitroalkene, häufig mit fast perfekter Stereoselektivität (>99 % ee und >98:2 d.r.). In einem Schritt werden benachbarte quartäre und tertiäre Stereozentren mit nur Kohlenstoff- oder auch Heteroatomsubstituenten aus einfach zugänglichen Ausgangsverbindungen erhalten. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z461923_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The relationship between the structure of monoalkyl branched saturated triacylglycerols and some physical properties (1997)

Three different physical properties, the gel point ("solidification point"), the refractive index and the density, were determined and related to the structure of the branched triacylglycerols. A four-factor central composite face-centered design was constructed where the four variables were the length of the main chain, the branching position, the length of the side chain, and the number of branched fatty acyl groups attached to the glycerol backbone. Second-order models were calculated in which the three physical properties were related to the structure. Four additional branched triacylglycerols were analyzed in order to confirm the validity of each model. Contour plots are shown in order to visualize the prediction equations which were obtained.
Thoracic Epidural Analgesia versus Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia for the Treatment of Rib Fracture Pain after Motor Vehicle Crash (1999)

Thoracic epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl provided superior analgesia than intravenous patient-controlled analgesia morphine.
Novel Synthetic Route of a Pivotal Intermediate for the Synthesis of 1β-Methyl Carbapenem Antibiotics (2006)

A novel synthetic method using an original and practical procedure for the preparation of the N-PNZ protected 2-aminomethylpyrrolidin-4-ylthio-containing side chain of doripenem hydrate (S-4661), a new parenteral 1β-methylcarbapenem antibiotic, is described. trans-4-Hydroxy-l-proline was converted through an efficient process to (2S,4S)-4-acetylthio-2-(N-sulfamoyl-4-nitro-benzyloxycarbonyl-aminomethyl)-1-(4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl) pyrrolidine with 60−70% overall yield via a two-step sequence. This procedure requires no chromatographic purifications, no cryogenic temperatures, no haloalkane solvent, and shorter operating times and avoids the side reaction brought by acid hydrolysis. Furthermore, the product was obtained as a crystal rather than an oil, which made it to be an advantage for quantization in the pilot-scale manufacture. Several kilograms of the side chain were prepared by using this method.
Remote Sensing Image Spatiotemporal Fusion Using a Generative Adversarial Network (2020)

Due to technological limitations and budget constraints, spatiotemporal fusion is considered a promising way to deal with the tradeoff between the temporal and spatial resolutions of remote sensing images. Furthermore, the generative adversarial network (GAN) has shown its capability in a variety of applications. This article presents a remote sensing image spatiotemporal fusion method using a GAN (STFGAN), which adopts a two-stage framework with an end-to-end image fusion GAN (IFGAN) for each stage. The IFGAN contains a generator and a discriminator in competition with each other under the guidance of the optimization function. Considering the huge spatial resolution gap between the high-spatial, low-temporal (HSLT) resolution Landsat imagery and the corresponding low-spatial, high-temporal (LSHT) resolution MODIS imagery, a feature-level fusion strategy is adopted. Specifically, for the generator, we first super-resolve the MODIS images while also extracting the high-frequency features of the Landsat images. Finally, we integrate the features from the MODIS and Landsat images. STFGAN is able to learn an end-to-end mapping between the Landsat-MODIS image pairs and predicts the Landsat-like image for a prediction date by considering all the bands. STFGAN significantly improves the accuracy of phenological change and land-cover-type change prediction with the help of residual blocks and two prior Landsat-MODIS image pairs. To examine the performance of the proposed STFGAN method, experiments were conducted on three representative Landsat-MODIS data sets. The results clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Virtual reality in computational neuroscience (1995)

Computational Neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that investigates how the nervous system works, by developing comprehensive simulation models of single neurons or networks that are based on experimental findings. In this paper we describe our efforts in designing a scalable virtual reality system and heuristic-based interface library for use by computational neuroscientists to visualize simulated data from their research 1 . 1 Introduction The last several years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of neurobiologists building or using computer-based models as a regular part of their efforts to understand how different neural systems function[Bow92]. As experimental data continues to amass, it is increasingly clear that detailed physiological and anatomical data alone are not enough to infer how neural circuits work. Experimentalists are increasingly recognizing the need for the quantitative approach to exploring the functional consequences of particular neuronal featur...
Quantitative evaluation of molecular orientation in thin Langmuir-Blodgett films by FT-IR transmission and reflection-absorption spectroscopy (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative evaluation of molecular orientation in thin Langmuir-Blodgett films by FT-IR transmission and reflection-absorption spectroscopyJunzo. Umemura, Toshihide. Kamata, Takeshi. Kawai, and Tohru. TakenakaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 1, 62–67Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/j100364a009Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1587Altmetric-Citations299LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (717 KB) Get e-Alerts
Measurements of the energy dependence of electron beam assisted etching of, and deposition on, silica (1990)

The electron beam assisted etch rates for SiO2 by using XeF2 and CF4 gases were measured as a function of primary electron energy. The deposition rate of Fe on SiO2 substrate with Fe(CO)5 as a source gas was also measured. It is seen that both the etch rate and the deposition rate are higher at lower primary electron energies in the region of 1 keV to 15 keV.
Evaluation of the <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Effects of Cyclosporine on the Lung T-Lymphocyte Alveolitis of Active Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (1988)

Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder characterized by the accumulation of activated helper/inducer T-lymphocytes in the lower respiratory tract, a process thought to be central to the pathogenesis of the disease. Because cyclosporine, a fungus-derived cyclic peptide, has specific inhibitory effects on T-lymphocyte activation, it should suppress activated sarcoid lung T-cells, and thus it should theoretically be an ideal therapeutic agent for sarcoidosis. This was confirmed in vitro: the addition of cyclosporine to T-cells recovered from the lungs of patients with active sarcoid suppressed the spontaneous release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and monocyte chemotactic factor by these cells and inhibited their exaggerated spontaneous replication. In contrast, the oral administration of conventional doses (10 mg/kg/day) of cyclosporine to eight of these patients over a 6-month period was not accompanied by suppression of sarcoid lung T-cell activation. On the average, the spontaneous release of IL-2 and monocyte chemotactic factor, the proliferation of lymphocytes, and the number of helper/inducer T-cells present in the lungs of these subjects remained elevated and similar to their pretherapy values. Consistent with this lack of effect on sarcoid lung T-cell activation, no improvement in lung function was observed over the trial period. Thus, although cyclosporine is effective in vitro in suppressing the exaggerated activation of sarcoid lung T-cells, it does not do so in vivo, suggesting this agent will not be useful in the therapy of active pulmonary sarcoidosis, at least when administered in a conventional fashion.
End-to-End Entity Resolution for Big Data: A Survey (2019)

One of the most important tasks for improving data quality and the reliability of data analytics results is Entity Resolution (ER). ER aims to identify different descriptions that refer to the same real-world entity, and remains a challenging problem. While previous works have studied specific aspects of ER (and mostly in traditional settings), in this survey, we provide for the first time an end-to-end view of modern ER workflows, and of the novel aspects of entity indexing and matching methods in order to cope with more than one of the Big Data characteristics simultaneously. We present the basic concepts, processing steps and execution strategies that have been proposed by different communities, i.e., database, semantic Web and machine learning, in order to cope with the loose structuredness, extreme diversity, high speed and large scale of entity descriptions used by real-world applications. Finally, we provide a synthetic discussion of the existing approaches, and conclude with a detailed presentation of open research directions.
Treaty is more than a white feelgood moment (2018)

Early in the night at the 2018 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras party, DJ Gemma dropped the Yothu Yindi classic 'Treaty'. All around me the mostly non-Indigenous crowd responded to the driving beats, the unmistakeable sound of the yidaki, and the call of the late M. Yunipingu's distinctive voice.
AFES: An Advanced Forensic Evidence System (2021)

News media often contain reports that raise doubt related to policing operations. We examine the question of how to improve policing integrity during the execution of search warrants and provide an outline for law enforcement search warrants and digital forensic analysis procedures. Existing techniques for improving the integrity of search warrants are reviewed, limitations are noted, and we propose an Advanced Forensic Evidence System (AFES) to address these limitations.AFES provides an immutable record and biometric authentication of the officers present during the execution of a search warrant, time and location, video recording, seizure record, contemporaneous notes, and photographs. AFES records digital evidence items, imaging details, evidence hashes, provides an access control system, and an immutable record of access to all stored items. AFES uses a permissioned distributed ledger prototype, called Scrybe, developed under NSF aegis, to ensure evidence seizure integrity. Scrybe is run as multiple blockchain instances at law enforcement, prosecution, judicial, and defence organisations to ensure that an immutable record is maintained.