gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsed low-dose RANKL as a potential therapeutic for postmenopausal osteoporosis (2016)

A number of studies in model animal systems and in the clinic have established that RANKL promotes bone resorption. Paradoxically, we found that pulsing ovariectomized mice with low-dose RANKL suppressed bone resorption, decreased the levels of proinflammatory effector T cells and led to increased bone mass. This effect of RANKL is mediated through the induction of FoxP3<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> regulatory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (Tc<sub>REG</sub>) by osteoclasts. Here, we show that pulses of low-dose RANKL are needed to induce Tc<sub>REG</sub>, as continuous infusion of identical doses of RANKL by pump did not induce Tc<sub>REG</sub>. We also show that low-dose RANKL can induce Tc<sub>REG</sub> at 2, 3, 6, and 10 weeks after ovariectomy. Our results show that low-dose RANKL treatment in ovariectomized mice is optimal at once-per-month doses to maintain the bone mass. Finally, we found that treatment of ovariectomized mice with the Cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib also blocked Tc<sub>REG</sub> induction by low-dose RANKL. We interpret this result to indicate that antigens presented to CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells by osteoclasts are derived from the bone protein matrix because Cathepsin K degrades collagen in the bone. Taken together, our studies provide a basis for using low-dose RANKL as a potential therapeutic for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Fabrication of graphene p-n-p junctions with contactless top gates (2008)

We developed a multilevel lithography process to fabricate graphene p-n-p junctions with contactless, suspended top gates. This fabrication procedure minimizes damage or doping to the single atomic layer, which is only exposed to conventional resists and developers. The process does not require special equipment for depositing gate dielectrics or releasing sacrificial layers, and is compatible with annealing procedures that improve device mobility. Using this technique, we fabricate graphene devices with suspended local top gates, where the creation of high quality graphene p-n-p junctions is confirmed by transport data at zero and high magnetic fields.
A Novel Protection Scheme for DC Distribution Network with Multi-terminal PV (2019)

For the sake of meeting the fast isolation of faulted areas for DC distribution network with multi-terminal PV, a novel DC protection scheme is proposed. This scheme is on the basis of the DC current differential coefficient under fault transients, which are the characteristics of the DC current. This property is banded with different settings of value to realize the protection of the DC distribution network with multi-terminal PV. The proposed scheme can realize isolation of faulted areas without communication to satisfy the speed. This scheme, which is simulated on the looped DC distribution network with multi-terminal PV, can detect network faults. The theoretical analysis and simulation results verify that the proposed protection has the effectiveness and superiority.
Electronic Escape Trails for Firefighters (2008)

A proposed wireless-communication and data-processing system would exploit recent advances in radio-frequency identification devices (RFIDs) and software to establish information lifelines between firefighters in a burning building and a fire chief at a control station near but outside the building. The system would enable identification of trails that firefighters and others could follow to escape from the building, including identification of new trails should previously established trails become blocked. The system would include a transceiver unit and a computer at the control station, portable transceiver units carried by the firefighters in the building, and RFID tags that the firefighters would place at multiple locations as they move into and through the building (see figure). Each RFID tag, having a size of the order of a few centimeters, would include at least standard RFID circuitry and possibly sensors for measuring such other relevant environmental parameters as temperature, levels of light and sound, concentration of oxygen, concentrations of hazardous chemicals in smoke, and/or levels of nuclear radiation. The RFID tags would be activated and interrogated by the firefighters and control-station transceivers. Preferably, RFID tags would be configured to communicate with each other and with the firefighters units and the control station in an ordered sequence, with built-in redundancy. In a typical scenario, as firefighters moved through a building, they would scatter many RFID tags into smoke-obscured areas by use of a compressed-air gun. Alternatively or in addition, they would mark escape trails by dropping RFID tags at such points of interest as mantraps, hot spots, and trail waypoints. The RFID tags could be of different types, operating at different frequencies to identify their functions, and possibly responding by emitting audible beeps when activated by signals transmitted by transceiver units carried by nearby firefighters.
NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Adsorption and Optical Detection in Rare Earth Metal–Organic Frameworks (2019)

Acid gases (e.g., NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and SO<sub><i>x</i></sub>), commonly found in complex chemical and petrochemical streams, require material development for their selective adsorption and removal. Here, we report the NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> adsorption properties in a family of rare earth (RE) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials. Fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationship of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> adsorption in the RE-DOBDC materials platform was sought via a combined experimental and molecular modeling study. No structural change was noted following humid NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> exposure. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations indicated that H<sub>2</sub>O has a stronger affinity to bind with the metal center than NO<sub>2</sub>, while NO<sub>2</sub> preferentially binds with the DOBDC ligands. Further modeling results indicate no change in binding energy across the RE elements investigated. Also, stabilization of the NO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O molecules following adsorption was noted, predicted to be due to hydrogen bonding between the framework ligands and the molecules and nanoconfinement within the MOF structure. This interaction also caused distinct changes in emission spectra, identified experimentally. Calculations indicated that this is due to the adsorption of NO<sub>2</sub> molecules onto the DOBDC ligand altering the electronic transitions and the resulting photoluminescent properties, a feature that has potential applications in future sensing technologies.
Brief Announcement:Subscription Propagation and Content-Based Routing with Delivery Guarantees (2005)

Abstract. Subscription propagation enables efficient content-based routing in publish/subscribe systems and is a challenging problem when it is required to support reliable delivery in networks with redundant routes. We have designed a generic model and a highly-asynchronous algorithm accomplishing these goals. Existing algorithms can be inter-preted as different encodings and optimizations of the generic algorithm and hence their correctness can be derived from the generic algorithm. 1
Design aspects of a compact, single-frequency, permanent-magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source with a large uniformly distributed resonant plasma volume (1998)

A compact, all-permanent-magnet, single-frequency electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source with a large uniformly distributed ECR plasma volume has been designed and is presently under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The central region of the field is designed to achieve a flat field (constant mod-B) which extends over the length of the central field region along the axis of symmetry and radially outward to form a uniformly distributed ECR plasma “volume.” The magnetic field design strongly contrasts with those used in conventional ECR ion sources where the central field regions are approximately parabolic and the resulting ECR zones are “surfaces.” The plasma confinement magnetic field mirror has a mirror ratio Bmax/BECR of slightly greater than 2. The source is designed to operate at a nominal rf frequency of 6 GHz. The central flat magnetic field region can be easily adjusted by mechanical means to tune the source to the resonant conditions within the limits of 5.5–6.8 GHz. The rf injection system is broadband to ensure excitation of transverse electric modes so that the rf power is largely concentrated in the resonant plasma volume which lies along and surrounds the axis of symmetry of the source. Because of the much larger ECR zone, the probability for absorption of microwave power is dramatically increased, thereby increasing the probability for acceleration of electrons, the electron temperature of the plasma, and, consequently, the “hot” electron population within the plasma volume of the source. The creation of an ECR “volume” rather than a “surface” is commensurate with higher charge states and higher beam intensities within a particular charge state. The source has also been designed so that it can be easily converted into a conventional magnetic field geometry source so that comparisons of the performances of the “volume” and “surface” forms of the source can be easily made. The design features of the source and rf injection system will be described in detail in this article.
Incremental Technique for Absolute Measurement of Coherent Power at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths. (1976)

A technique for making absolute measurements of coherent rf power is described. The technique surmounts the primary shortcoming of the other existing techniques in that it permits absolute measurement of power at all radio frequencies, whereas the other techniques are inherently frequency limited, with the current upper limit being about 75 GHz. This major advantage stems from the fact that the technique utilizes a direct comparison of the unknown rf power with a primary standard, whereas all other techniques require a conversion of the power to heat before making the comparison. This technique permits absolute measurement of coherent rf power above about -10 dBm, with an accuracy of several tenths of a decibel. Its major usefulness is, of course, at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths where no other reliable method for absolute measurement of rf power currently exists. In addition, it has the important advantages of relative simplicity and reliability. (Author)
Investigation of Strontium-Niobium Oxides for Application to Thermal Barrier Coatings (2006)

We have been trying to find new oxide compounds with large thermal expansion coefficients and low thermal conductivities by means of a material calculation technique. Among thousands of compounds in the databases, we found that there were some materials with low thermal conductivities and large thermal expansion coefficients in the group of strontium-niobium oxides. For example, Sr4Nb2O9 has a thermal expansion coefficient of 14.510-6 / and thermal conductivity of 1.0 W/mK, although a slight amount of other phases appear during long-term annealing. These thermal properties are better than those of yttria-stabilized zirconia, which is the standard material for thermal barrier coatings. To prevent the precipitation of other phases, we prepared the solid solutions, Sr4Nb2-xMxO9. In this study, the thermal conductivities and thermal expansion coefficients of these solid solutions were measured, and their thermal stabilities were evaluated by long-term annealing.
Ultradeepwater Riserless Subsea Slickline Intervention From Vessel of Opportunity: BC-10 Brazil Case Study (2012)

Abstract As the number of subsea wells in deepwater environments increases, companies who operate in these regions continue to seek safer and more viable economic solutions for improving value realization through well intervention. Traditionally, subsea well interventions are conducted from heavy-weight, mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) with riser packages. Unfortunately, these intervention operationsinvolve significant operating day rates with consequent NPV negative results. This paper discusses a riserless intervention that was performed from a dynamically positioned multi-support vessel (MSV) that involved setting and recovery of a mechanical flow-control device in a well with a water depth of approximately 1900 m in the South Atlantic Ocean. The technologies and methods used in this intervention proved that these difficult subsea operations can be performed in a much more flexible and financially viable fashion than previously possible with conventional methods. The techniques developed for this operation also mitigated safety concerns for personnel and equipment, while executing the potential high-risk riserless intervention with success. The paper will cover the record-breaking, light-weight intervention and the technologies used on this campaign that eliminated the need for a traditional MODU. Of particular interest is the unique vessel interface that allowed the operation to be performed safely and efficiently with slickline. This successful intervention opens new opportunities for safer and more economical interventions in the deep and ultra deepwater arenas.
Role of Hydrogen Bonding in the Active Site of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase<sup>,</sup> (2004)

The side chain of Gln143, a conserved residue in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), forms a hydrogen bond with the manganese-bound solvent and is critical in maintaining catalytic activity. The side chains of Tyr34 and Trp123 form hydrogen bonds with the carboxamide of Gln143. We have replaced Tyr34 and Trp123 with Phe in single and double mutants of human MnSOD and measured their catalytic activity by stopped-flow spectrophotometry and pulse radiolysis. The replacements of these side chains inhibited steps in the catalysis as much as 50-fold; in addition, they altered the gating between catalysis and formation of a peroxide complex to yield a more product-inhibited enzyme. The replacement of both Tyr34 and Trp123 in a double mutant showed that these two residues interact cooperatively in maintaining catalytic activity. The crystal structure of Y34F/W123F human MnSOD at 1.95 A resolution suggests that this effect is not related to a conformational change in the side chain of Gln143, which does not change orientation in Y34F/W123F, but rather to more subtle electronic effects due to the loss of hydrogen bonding to the carboxamide side chain of Gln143. Wild-type MnSOD containing Trp123 and Tyr34 has approximately the same thermal stability compared with mutants containing Phe at these positions, suggesting the hydrogen bonds formed by these residues have functional rather than structural roles.
Unipolar spin diodes and transistors (2000)

Unipolar devices constructed from ferromagnetic semiconducting materials with variable magnetization direction are shown theoretically to behave very similarly to nonmagnetic bipolar devices such as the p-n diode and the bipolar (junction) transistor. Such devices may be applicable for magnetic sensing, nonvolatile memory, and reprogrammable logic.
Demonstration of a Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Locomotive (2010)

A North American consortium has developed a prototype hydrogen-fueled fuel-cell-battery hybrid switch locomotive for urban and military-base rail applications (see Fig. 1). This prototype is intended to lead to commercial locomotives, including freight, that will (1) reduce air and noise pollution in urban railyards, (2) increase energy security of the rail transport system by using hydrogen as fuel, (3) reduce atmospheric greenhouse-gas emissions, and (4) serve as a mobile backup power source (“vehicle-to-grid”) for critical infrastructure on military bases. The locomotive successfully completed one month of operational testing in April 2010 at a BNSF railyard in the Los Angeles metro area. It will perform a power-to-grid demonstration at a United States military base in May-June 2010. At 130 tonne, continuous net power of 240 kW from its proton-exchange membrane fuel-cell prime mover, and transient power well in excess of 1 MW, the hybrid locomotive is the heaviest and most powerful fuel-cell land vehicle yet built. Its 14 carbon-fiber composite compressed-hydrogen storage tanks, located at the roofline, have a combined storage of 70 kg at 350 bar. The system provides enough fuel for an eight to sixteen hour shift depending on the work performed during the shift. This paper focuses on the locomotive’s potential to reduce air and noise pollution in the Los Angeles Basin and reports the result of initial operational testing.
Compressive anneal processing (CAP) of Bi2223 superconducting tapes (1999)

The conventional processing of oxide powder-in-tube Bi2223 superconductor tapes involves iterative cycles of mechanical deformation to develop texture and reduce porosity, followed by thermal annealing to react components, relieve stress and heal cracks. However, texture and deformation hardening and cracking may limit the ability to obtain the desired grain texture through deformation alone. In addition, desintering of the oxide core occurs during annealing. We have developed a compressive anneal processing (CAP) technique in which a continuous uniaxial pressure is applied during the annealing. The new process is found to promote texture formation, enhance reaction kinetics and prevent desintering and bloating. Our initial results show that the CAP technique significantly improves the critical current density.
Polyisobutylene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers. II. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(<i>p</i>-Methylstyrene-<i>block</i>-isobutylene-<i>block-p</i>-Methylstyrene) Triblock Copolymers (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of poly(p-methylstyrene)–polyisobutylene–poly(p-methylstyrene) triblock copolymer was accomplished by sequential monomer addition. The synthesis involves the living polymerization of isobutylene by the TiCl4/methylchloride:hexanes, 40:60 v:v/ −80°C system in the presence of di-tert-butylpyridine using di- or trifunctional initiator. When the polymerization of isobutylene is complete, the living polyisobutylene chain end is converted to the corresponding diphenyl alkyl end by capping with 1,1-diphenyl ethylene. Subsequently, titanium(IV)-isopropoxide is added to decrease the Lewis acidity and p-methylstyrene is introduced. The best triblocks exhibited ∼22 MPa tensile strength.
Treatment of Obesity-Related Complications with Novel Classes of Naturally Occurring PPAR Agonists (2010)

The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities has grown to epidemic proportions in the US and worldwide. Thus, developing safe and effective therapeutic approaches against these widespread and debilitating diseases is important and timely. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α, γ, and δ through several classes of pharmaceuticals can prevent or treat a variety of metabolic and inflammatory diseases, including type II diabetes (T2D). Thus, PPARs represent important molecular targets for developing novel and better treatments for a wide range of debilitating and widespread obesity-related diseases and disorders. However, available PPAR γ agonistic drugs such as Avandia have significant adverse side effects, including weight gain, fluid retention, hepatotoxicity, and congestive heart failure. An alternative to synthetic agonists of PPAR γ is the discovery and development of naturally occurring and safer nutraceuticals that may be dual or pan PPAR agonists. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the health effects of three plant-derived PPAR agonists: abscisic acid (ABA), punicic acid (PUA), and catalpic acid (CAA) in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases and disorders.
Mutation of a <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L. eukaryotic translation‐initiation factor gene reduces susceptibility to a resistance‐breaking strain of <i>Potato virus Y</i> (2018)

Eukaryotic translation-initiation factors eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E in plants play key roles in infection by potyviruses and other plant RNA viruses. Mutations in the genes encoding these factors reduce susceptibility to the viruses, and are the basis of several recessive virus resistance genes widely used in plant breeding. Because virus variants occasionally break such resistance, the molecular basis for this process must be elucidated. Although deletion mutants of eIF4E1-S of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) resist Potato virus Y (PVY; the type member of the genus Potyvirus), resistance-breaking strains of PVY threaten tobacco production worldwide. Here, we used RNA interference technology to knock down tobacco eIF4E2-S and eIF4E2-T genes or eIF(iso)4E-S and eIF(iso)4E-T genes. Transgenic plants with reduced transcript levels of both eIF(iso)4E-S and eIF(iso)4E-T showed reduced susceptibility to a resistance-breaking PVY strain with a K105E mutation in the viral genome-associated protein (VPg). By screening a population of chemically induced mutants of eIF(iso)4E-S and eIF(iso)4E-T, we showed that plants with a nonsense mutation in eIF(iso)4E-T, but not eIF(iso)4E-S, showed reduced susceptibility to the resistance-breaking PVY strain. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, VPg of the resistance-breaking strain, but not wild-type PVY, physically interacted with the eIF(iso)4E-T protein. Thus, eIF4E1-S is required for infection by PVY, but eIF(iso)4E-T is required for infection by the resistance-breaking strain. Our study provides the first evidence for the involvement of a host eukaryotic translation-initiation factor in the infection cycle of a resistance-breaking virus strain. The eIF(iso)4E-T mutants will be useful in tobacco breeding to introduce resistance against resistance-breaking PVY strains.
Linear Quadratic Gaussian-Based Closed-Loop Control of Type 1 Diabetes (2007)

We investigated the applicability of linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) methodology to the subcutaneous blood glucose regulation problem. We designed an LQG-based feedback control algorithm using linearization of a previously published metabolic model of type 1 diabetes. A key feature of the controller is a Kalman filter used to estimate metabolic states of the patient based on continuous glucose monitoring. Insulin infusion is computed from linear quadratic regulator feedback gains applied to these estimates, generally seeking to minimize squared deviations from a target glucose concentration and basal insulin rate. We evaluated in silico subject-specific LQG control and compared it to preexisting proportional-integral-derivative control.
Heterogeneity in type I Gaucher disease demonstrated by restriction mapping of the gene. (1985)

A cloned fragment of human glucocerebrosidase cDNA has been used as a probe to study restriction polymorphisms in the region of the gene for Gaucher disease. Variability in the size of fragments produced by digestion with the restriction endonucleases Pvu II and Kpn I was discovered. The Pvu II polymorphism was found to be a very prevalent one with a gene frequency of 0.65 for the Pv1.1- allele and 0.35 for the Pv1.1+ allele. Similar frequencies were encountered among diverse ethnic groups. Five of eight Jewish patients with Gaucher disease were found to be heterozygous for the Pvu II restriction polymorphism. One non-Jewish patient with type I Gaucher disease was heterozygous for the Kpn I variant. The existence of Gaucher disease genes in association with either allele of the ancient Pvu II polymorphism clearly indicates that, even within the Jewish population, the Gaucher disease mutation has occurred independently more than once. Presumably, different mutations have also occurred in the non-Jewish population.