gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extending the resolution and phase-quality limits in automated model building with iterative refinement (2005)

Previously, the direct use of prior phase information from a single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) experiment with a multivariate likelihood function applied to automated model building with iterative refinement has been proposed [Skubák et al. (2004), Acta Cryst. D60, 2196–2201]. In this approach, the anomalous information from the experimental data is used in refinement to derive phase information in a maximum-likelihood formalism and provided a more theor­etically valid way of incorporating prior phase information compared with current approaches. In the present work, the SAD multivariate likelihood function that directly uses prior phase information is tested against currently used functions on many different SAD data sets which exhibit a wide range of resolution limits and anomalous signal. The results clearly show the importance of the more theoretically valid utilization of prior phase information: the SAD function extends the resolution and phase-quality limits needed for successful automated model building with iterative refinement. Indeed, the multivariate likelihood function reduces the overfitting in the refinement procedure and performs consistently better than the current refinement targets in terms of the quality of the models obtained and the number of residues built.
Spinal prostaglandin E receptors of the EP2 subtype and the glycine receptor α3 subunit, which mediate central inflammatory hyperalgesia, do not contribute to pain after peripheral nerve injury or formalin injection (2006)

Inflammation, peripheral nerve injury and chemical irritants can cause central sensitization in pain pathways. Prostaglandins produced in the CNS induce central sensitization during inflammation mainly by relieving nociceptive neurons from glycinergic inhibition. We have recently identified spinal prostaglandin E receptors of the EP2 subtype (EP2 receptors) and the glycine receptor alpha3 subunit (GlyR alpha3) as signal transduction elements involved in the generation of central inflammatory hyperalgesia. It is however still unknown to what extent inhibition of glycine receptors by PGE2 contributes to neuropathic or chemically induced pain. To address this question, we have analyzed mice deficient in the EP2 receptor (EP2-/- mice) or in the GlyR alpha3 subunit (GlyR alpha3-/- mice) using the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain and the formalin test. We found that EP2-/- mice and GlyR alpha3-/- mice develop thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the CCI model indistinguishable from that seen in wild-type mice. In the formalin test, EP2-/- mice, but not GlyR alpha3-/- mice, exhibited reduced nocifensive behavior. The lack of a phenotype in GlyR alpha3-/- mice together with the absence of a facilitating effect of intrathecal PGE2 on formalin-induced nociception in wild-type mice suggests that peripheral rather than spinal EP2 receptors are involved. These results indicate that inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission by EP2 receptor activation does not contribute to pain following peripheral nerve injury or chemical irritation with formalin. Our results thus provide further evidence that inflammatory hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain involve different mechanisms of central sensitization.
Obstacle Avoidance Method in Real Space for Virtual Reality Immersion (2018)

Typical Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) that provide a highly immersive Virtual Reality (VR) experience make any interaction between a user and real space difficult by occluding the user's entire field of view. Video see-through type HMDs can solve this problem by superimposing real-space information on the VR environment. The existing method of supporting interactions with the real space is superimposition of boundary lines of the real space on the virtual space in the HMD. However, overlaying the boundary lines on the entire field of view may reduce the user's immersive feeling. In this paper, we propose two methods to support interactions with the real world while playing immersive VR games without reducing the user's immersive feeling as much as possible, even when the user wanders. The first method is to superimpose a 3D point cloud of real space around the user on the virtual space in the HMD. The second method is to deploy familiar objects (e.g., furniture in his/her room) in the virtual space in the HMD. The user traces the familiar objects as subgoals to reach the goal. We implement the two methods and conduct a user study to compare interaction performance. As a result of the user study, we find that the second method provides better spatial information about the real space without reducing the user's immersive feeling, compared to the existing method.
Flights Abroad and the Role of the Department of State (2023)

Description to be added
Architecture and design of a reconfigurable RF sampling receiver for multistandard applications (2008)

The fast development of wireless communication systems requires more flexible and cost effective radio architectures. The concept of Software Defined Radio where communication standards are chosen by reconfiguration of hardware is attractive but still unrealistic at present time, due to the high requirements imposed on the analog to digital converter. Different techniques for shifting the RF and analog circuit design complexity to digitally intensive domain were developed recently. These techniques are based on direct RF sampling and discrete-time analog signal processing and allow for a great flexibility and ease of reconfigurability, as well as a high level of hardware integration and a reduction of cost and power consumption. These concepts have been used in this thesis to develop a reconfigurable discrete-time radio receiver front-end. The circuit, mainly structured around two discrete-time analog signal processing stages, performs RF sampling, anti-alias filtering, frequency downconversion, decimation and lowpass filtering. The GSM900 and 802.11g communication standards have been targeted in order to validate the flexibility and reconfigurability of the receiver. The circuit has been designed in 90nm CMOS technology and first measurement results demonstrated the functionality of the receiver. In addition, a fully passive second order discrete-time anti-alias filter has been described and included in the proposed receiver. This filter is intended to considerably improve the alias filter rejection and can be tuned to different RF frequency bands thanks to its reconfigurable structure and is hence suitable for true multi-standard operations.
New Immuno-PCR Assay for Detection of Low Concentrations of Shiga Toxin 2 and Its Variants (2008)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains secrete toxins that are major virulence factors and diagnostic targets, but some STEC strains secrete Stx in amounts that cannot be detected using conventional cell cytotoxicity or immunological assays. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more-sensitive Stx detection methods. We describe the development of an assay that can detect low concentrations of Stx2 and its variants. An immuno-PCR Stx2 assay was developed based on an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) combining antibody capture and DNA amplification to increase the signal. The immuno-PCR assay detected 10 pg/ml of purified Stx2, compared to 1 ng/ml Stx2 detected by commercial EIA. Consequently, immuno-PCR detected Stx2 and its variants in STEC strains that produce the toxins at levels that are nondetectable by using the EIA, as well as the Stx2 in EIA-negative enriched stool cultures from patients. Our data demonstrate that the immuno-PCR developed here is a highly sensitive and specific method for the detection of trace amounts of Stx2 and Stx2 variants. It is therefore suitable for use by clinical microbiological laboratories to improve the toxin detection in clinical samples.
Homogeneous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol (2013)

Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas mainly from the consumption of fossil fuel, is regarded as an attractive feedstock in view of synthetic chemistry. Great efforts have been devoted to developing catalytic processes for converting CO2 into value-added compounds with reduced carbon footprint. Among versatile applications in organic synthesis, CO2 can serve as a promising raw material for fuel production, especially methanol. ‘Coming from fuel and returning to fuel’ is an appealing objective in terms of sustainable development associated with circumventing the energy shortage and CO2 issue. To date, metal complexes and organocatalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol have been developed along with the reaction mechanistic insight. Understanding the interaction of active catalytic species with CO2 or hydrogen could account for development of efficient homogeneous catalysts. In this context, homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 and its derivatives into methanol is highlighted in this article in combination with mechanistic understanding on a molecular level.
Evaluation of handheld devices for mobile learning (2008)

Many educational organizations have started using handheld devices for learning. The aim of this paper is to identify the current statusof handheld devices and their appropriateness for mobile learning. First, this presents a framework for evaluating handheld devices inrelation to mobile learning. Then, it evaluates current handheld devices using the evaluation criteria and records of the state of the art.Finally, it identifies the strengths and weaknesses of current handheld devices and suggests technical specifications appropriate formobile learning.
Role of oxygen vacancy defect states in the <i>n</i>-type conduction of β-Ga2O3 (1999)

Based on semiempirical quantum-chemical calculations, the electronic band structure of β-Ga2O3 is presented and the formation and properties of oxygen vacancies are analyzed. The equilibrium geometries and formation energies of neutral and doubly ionized vacancies were calculated. Using the calculated donor level positions of the vacancies, the high temperature n-type conduction is explained. The vacancy concentration is obtained by fitting to the experimental resistivity and electron mobility.
Solving Frame-Based Accessibility Problems in Web Content Management (2006)

Content management systems present specific presentation and navigational problems for visually impaired users. In this paper, we present a short-term solution, based on proxying through the IBM Intermediary Framework, that allows Web pages sourced from a content management system to be rewritten to conform to W3C accessibility guidelines. In particular, frames present unique navigational challenges which are addressed in our software prototype. Longer-term structural challenges remain in this area
Composite hydrogen separation element and module (2023)

There are disclosed improvements in multicomponent composite metal membranes useful for the separation of hydrogen, the improvements comprising the provision of at least one common-axis hole through all components of the composite membrane and the provision of a gas-tight seal around the periphery of the hole or holes through a coating metal layer of the membrane.
The Therapeutic Potential of Anti-Interleukin-20 Monoclonal Antibody (2014)

Interleukin (IL)-20, a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, was discovered in 2001. IL-20 acts on multiple cell types by activating on a heterodimer receptor complex of either IL-20R1-IL-20R2 or IL-22R1-IL-20R2. Recent evidence indicates that IL-20's interaction with its receptors might have proinflammatory effects on chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, and breast cancer. Updated information about IL-20, such as its identification, expression, receptors, signaling, and biological activities, is illustrated in this review based on our research and the data available in the literature. IL-20 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which promotes inflammation, angiogenesis, and chemotaxis. IL-20 also regulates osteoclast differentiation by altering the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) and RANK ligand (RANKL) axis. Inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis are critical for the pathogenesis of RA, osteoporosis, and breast cancer-induced osteolysis. Based on the in vitro and in vivo data and clinical samples, we demonstrated that IL-20 plays pivotal roles in these three diseases. In experimental models, anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody ameliorates arthritis severity, protects against ovariectomized-induced bone loss, and inhibits breast tumor-induced osteolysis. This review presents the clinical implications of IL-20, which will lead to a better understanding of the biological functions of IL-20 in these diseases and provide new therapeutic options in the future.
Variability in Pediatric Infectious Disease Consultants' Recommendations for Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (2011)

Substantial variability exists in recommendations for CAP management. Development of clinical guidelines via antimicrobial stewardship programs and dissemination of data about local antibiotic resistance patterns represent opportunities to improve care.
Assessment of Conducting Polymer Odour Sensors for Agricultural Malodour Measurements (1996)

The major odoriferous components of fresh pig slurry were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. From the analytical data, a standard artificial slurry was reconstituted. The performance of conducting polymer odour sensor arrays was evaluated using the individual chemical volatile components and the artificial slurry itself. Most of the components are discriminated from each other, when presented singly to the sensor array. The sensors are not poisoned by the chemicals and give reproducible responses over a 3 month period. The odour components being detected from an artificial alkaline pig slurry appear to be associated with patterns obtained from indole, skatole and ammonia. The intensity of the signal is proportional to the concentration of the volatiles presented to the sensor. The results indicate that conducting polymer sensor arrays show promise for measurement of agricultural malodours, and may complement olfactometric techniques.
Sonar Visual Inertial SLAM of Underwater Structures (2018)

This paper presents an extension to a state of the art Visual-Inertial state estimation package (OKVIS) in order to accommodate data from an underwater acoustic sensor. Mapping underwater structures is important in several fields, such as marine archaeology, search and rescue, resource management, hydrogeology, and speleology. Collecting the data, however, is a challenging, dangerous, and exhausting task. The underwater domain presents unique challenges in the quality of the visual data available; as such, augmenting the exteroceptive sensing with acoustic range data results in improved reconstructions of the underwater structures. Experimental results from underwater wrecks, an underwater cave, and a submerged bus demonstrate the performance of our approach.
Localized measurement of longitudinal and transverse flow velocities in colloidal suspensions using optical coherence tomography (2013)

We report on localized measurement of the longitudinal and transverse flow velocities in a colloidal suspension using optical coherence tomography. We present a model for the path-length resolved autocorrelation function including diffusion and flow, which we experimentally verify. For flow that is not perpendicular to the incident beam, the longitudinal velocity gradient over the coherence gate causes additional decorrelation, which is described by our model. We demonstrate simultaneous imaging of sample morphology and longitudinal and transverse flow at micrometer scale in a single measurement.
Delineation of Raw Plethysmograph using Wavelets for Mobile based Pulse Oximeters (2010)

The non-invasive pulse-oximeter is a crucial parameter in continuous monitoring systems. It plays a vital role from admission of the patient to surgeries with general anaesthesia. The paper proposes the application of wavelet transform to delineate the raw plethysmograph signals obtained from basic portable and mobile-powered electronic hardware. The paper primarily focuses on finding peaks and baseline from noisy infrared and red waveforms which are responsible for calculating heart-rate and oxygen saturation percentages.
Convenient and clean synthesis of imines from primary benzylamines (2010)

The current syntheses of imines from benzylamines are often performed in organic solvents or under harsh reaction conditions. Clean oxidation of primary benzylamines to imines has been successfully achieved using H(2)O(2) in water at room temperature catalyzed by V(2)O(5). Among the 10 imine products, 5 of them precipitated from the reaction and led pure products after simple filtration. No organic solvents are needed in the whole process. The yields are good to quantitative. This represents an efficient and green procedure of the synthesis of imines. A similar green oxidation of benzylamines to aromatic aldehydes is also reported. A benzylic anion-involved mechanism is proposed based on the experiments.
An efficient and reliable group multicast protocol (2002)

Maintaining a consistent state is crucial for cooperative work in autonomous and decentralized systems (ADS). This is achieved through reliable communication protocols in a group of autonomous components. Many existing protocols are quite expensive and not very suitable for the ADS. The paper presents a logical token ring based group multicast protocol for the service of decentralized action manage systems. Unlike previous token based algorithms, we assign a virtual identity to each of the processes executing in the autonomous components in an increasing order so as to form a logical ring. The protocol ensures total ordering and atomicity of multicast messages in the presence of the component failures. The total order is achieved by placing a sequence number in each multicast message. A token process implicitly multicasts one such ordered message and transfers the token to the next process on the ring, hence, reducing the synchronous overhead and preventing possible token lose problem. With a minimal number of control messages, the protocol guarantees that all nonfaulty processes belonging to the same group will observe a consistent view of ordered events affecting all cooperative components in the group. The efficient recovery algorithms can handle the member failures, dynamic groups, group partitions and merges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of glutaraldehyde-fixed goose erythrocytes in arbovirus serology (1977)

Goose erythrocytes preserved with glutaraldehyde were compared with fresh cells in hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests for arbovirus antigens and antibodies. The glutaraldehyde-fixed cells were as sensitive and specific as theresh erythrocytes and were stable at 4 degrees C for 6 months.
Combined treatment of glioblastoma patients with locoregional pre-targeted 90Y-biotin radioimmunotherapy and temozolomide. (2004)

These results confirm the safety and the efficacy of (90)Y LR-RIT in recurrent GBM patients; the addition of TMZ significantly improved the overall outcomes; a further controlled prospective, randomized study is fully justified.
Proteomic profiling of K<sub>ATP</sub> channel‐deficient hypertensive heart maps risk for maladaptive cardiomyopathic outcome (2009)

KCNJ11 null mutants, lacking Kir6.2 ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels, exhibit a marked susceptibility towards hypertension (HTN)-induced heart failure. To gain insight into the molecular alterations induced by knockout of this metabolic sensor under hemodynamic stress, wild-type (WT) and Kir6.2 knockout (Kir6.2-KO) cardiac proteomes were profiled by comparative 2-DE and Orbitrap MS. Despite equivalent systemic HTN produced by chronic hyperaldosteronism, 114 unique proteins were altered in Kir6.2-KO compared to WT hearts. Bioinformatic analysis linked the primary biological function of the K(ATP) channel-dependent protein cohort to energetic metabolism (64% of proteins), followed by signaling infrastructure (36%) including oxidoreductases, stress-related chaperones, processes supporting protein degradation, transcription and translation, and cytostructure. Mapped protein-protein relationships authenticated the primary impact on metabolic pathways, delineating the K(ATP) channel-dependent subproteome within a nonstochastic network. Iterative systems interrogation of the proteomic web prioritized heart-specific adverse effects, i.e., "Cardiac Damage", "Cardiac Enlargement", and "Cardiac Fibrosis", exposing a predisposition for the development of cardiomyopathic traits in the hypertensive Kir6.2-KO. Validating this maladaptive forecast, phenotyping documented an aggravated myocardial contractile performance, a massive interstitial fibrosis and an exaggerated left ventricular size, all prognostic indices of poor outcome. Thus, Kir6.2 ablation engenders unfavorable proteomic remodeling in hypertensive hearts, providing a composite molecular substrate for pathologic stress-associated cardiovascular disease.
TiN and In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Co-sputtered Amorphous InTiON Electrodes for Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

We report on transparent conducting TiN co-sputtered In 2 O 3 electrodes prepared by multi-cathode magnetron sputtering at room temperature for use as transparent anodes in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The completely amorphous structure with low resistivity of 1.29 10-3 -cm, work function of 4.69 eV, and high optical transmittance of 83.78 % was produced by addition of Ti and N structural stabilizers in the In 2 O 3 matrix, making amorphous InTiON (a-ITON) films suitable for use as transparent anodes in PSCs. In addition, the a-ITON films exhibited good mechanical flexibility under substrate bending due to their stable amorphous structure. Compared to amorphous ITO-based PSC, which exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.07 %, the PSC with a-ITON showed a higher PCE of 13.74 % due to higher optical transmittance inducing a higher photocurrent. The suitability of an a-ITON electrode suggests it as a potential candidate to substitute for conventional oxide electrodes.
Energy Efficient In-Memory Binary Deep Neural Network Accelerator with Dual-Mode SOT-MRAM (2017)

In this paper, we explore potentials of leveraging spin-based in-memory computing platform as an accelerator for Binary Convolutional Neural Networks (BCNN). Such platform can implement the dominant convolution computation based on presented Spin Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) array. The proposed array architecture could simultaneously work as non-volatile memory and a reconfigurable in-memory logic (AND, OR) without add-on logic circuits to memory chip as in conventional logic-in-memory designs. The computed logic output could be also simply read out like a normal MRAM bit-cell using the shared memory peripheral circuits. We employ such intrinsic in-memory computing architecture to efficiently process data within memory to greatly reduce power hungry and omit long distance data communication concerning state-of-the-art BCNN hardware.
A Novel Method to Enhance Metastable Zone Width for Crystal Growth from Solution (2000)

A novel method has been found to enhance the metastable zone width of solutions in their supersaturated region in order to grow large size crystals. In which, the incorporation of a small quantity of Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), a well-known chelating agent, enhances the zone width significantly due to its chelating action. Also this incorporation reduces the nucleation rate and enhances the growth rate of the crystal. X-ray rocking curve experiment for the grown crystals reveals that EDTA addition does not affect the crystalline quality. This concept was first realized with Potassium acid phthalate (KAP) solutions and then confirmed with Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and Triglycine Sulphate (TGS).