gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Pathological Domain of Alpha- Synuclein as a Therapeutic for Parkinson’s Disease (2019)

Alpha-synuclein is considered the major pathological protein associated with Parkinson's disease, but there is still no effective immunotherapy which targets alpha-synuclein. In order to create a safer and more effective therapy against PD, we are targeting an epitope of alpha-synuclein rather than full-length alpha-synuclein. We have selected several antigenic domains (B-cell epitope) through antigenicity prediction, and also made several recombinant protein fragments from alpha-synuclein upon antigenicity prediction in an E. coli system. We then tested the function of each of the peptides and recombinant fragments in aggregation, their toxicity and antigenicity. We have discovered that the full-length recombinant (aa1-140) can aggregate into oligomers or even fibrils, and fragment aa15-65 can promote the aggregation of aa1-140. It is worth noting that it not only promotes whole protein aggregation, but also self-aggregates as seen by western blotting and silver staining assays. We have tested all candidates on primary neurons for their toxicity and discovered that aa15-65 is the most toxic domain compared to all other fragments. The antibody targeting this domain also showed both anti-aggregation activity and some therapeutic effect. Therefore, we believe that we have identified the most potent therapeutic domain of alpha synuclein as a therapeutic target.
Trinocular adaptive window size disparity estimation algorithm and its real-time hardware (2015)

This paper proposes a hardware-oriented trinocular adaptive window size disparity estimation (T-AWDE) algorithm and the first real-time trinocular disparity estimation (DE) hardware that targets high-resolution images with high-quality disparity results. The proposed trinocular DE hardware is the enhanced version of the recently published binocular AWDE implementation. The T-AWDE hardware generates a very high-quality depth map by merging two depth maps obtained from the center-left and center-right camera pairs. The T-AWDE hardware enhances disparity results by applying a double checking scheme which solves most of the occlusion problems existing in the AWDE implementation while providing correct disparity results even for objects located at left or right edge of the center image. The proposed T-AWDE hardware architecture enables handling 55 frames per second on a Virtex-7 FPGA at a 1024×768 XGA video resolution for a 128 pixels disparity range.
Artemisinin-Derived Dimers Have Greatly Improved Anti-Cytomegalovirus Activity Compared to Artemisinin Monomers (2010)

Artemisinin dimers are potent and non-cytotoxic inhibitors of CMV replication. These compounds should be studied as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of CMV infection in humans.
Joint erasure marking and viterbi algorithm for detecting impulsive noise corrupted signals (2003)

In many real-world communication systems, the extent of non-Gaussian impulsive noise (IN) rather than Gaussian noise, poses practical limits on the achievable system performance. However, accurate IN statistics are typically unavailable at the receiver. We previously introduced the joint erasure marking Viterbi algorithm (JEVA), which provides significant performance improvement over the separate erasure marking and Viterbi decoding. JEVA is similar to list Viterbi algorithm (LVA) in that they both provide a list of outputs and have comparable implementation complexity. In this work, we compare the performance of the JEVA with that of the LVA with erasure inputs (ELVA). I. JOINT ERASURE MARKING AND VlTERBl DECODING In this work, we introduce the joint erasure marking Viterbi algorithm (JEVA) (l), where the erasure marking is merged with VA. Given the maximum number K of erasures to be marked, JEVA outputs a list of most likely codewords with 0, ..., k, ..., K erasures, respectively. The decoded codeword can be determined by selecting the most likely codeword with the minimum number of erasures (k_CK) that satisfies the error checking test. Based on the trellis representation of the convolutional codes, the most likely sequence with k erasures can be selected by minimizing the path metric for all possible state transition sequences and erasure pattems. The branch metric c, (i. j) associated with the transition from state i at time t-1 to statej at time t is the Euclidean distance between the received signal and the transmitted signal. The branch metrics of the k erased symbols are
Boom event analyzer recorder - Unmanned sonic boom monitor (1996)

A series of automatic sonic boom monitors has been developed for unattended field use. These monitors are referred to as the boom event analyzer recorders (BEAR). The BEAR captures the full waveform of sonic booms while excluding other acoustic events. The signatures are stored in a digital format for easy retrieval and analysis. The first units, developed in 1986, were battery powered and operated up to 10 days in the field and stored 100 normal duration sonic booms. In 1992, a second version was developed. An upgraded version developed in 1992 included auxiliary solar power, improved power management, remote communication link via cellular phones, increased memory storage, direct data retrieval to laptop computer, enhanced user interface, autocalibration, power history data, and summary report of stored signatures. These BEAR systems have been used successfully in several sonic boom field studies. This article summarizes the data collection algorithms, the operation procedures, data storage and retrieval routines, and the hardware and software of the BEAR systems in order to understand how the U.S. Air Force currently measures sonic booms.
Curved Focal-Plane Arrays Using Back-Illuminated High-Purity Photodetectors (2003)

Curved-focal-plane arrays of back-illuminated silicon-based photodetectors are being developed. The basic idea is to improve the performance of an imaging instrument and simplify the optics needed to obtain a given level of performance by making an image sensor (e.g., a photographic film or an array of photodetectors) conform to a curved focal surface, instead of following the customary practice of designing the optics to project an image onto a flat focal surface. Eyes are natural examples of optical systems that have curved focal surfaces on which image sensors (retinas) are located. One prior approach to implementation of this concept involves the use of curved-input-surface microchannel plates as arrays of photodetectors. In comparison with microchannel plates, these curved-focal-plane arrays would weigh less, operate at much lower voltages, and consume less power. It should also be possible to fabricate the proposed devices at lower cost. It would be possible to fabricate an array of photodetectors and readout circuitry in the form of a very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuit on a curved focal surface, but it would be difficult and expensive to do so. In a simple and inexpensive alternate approach, a device (see figure) would have (1) a curved back surface, onto which light would be focused; and (2) a flat front surface, on which VLSI circuitry would be fabricated by techniques that are well established for flat surfaces. The device would be made from ultrapure silicon, in which it is possible to form high-resistivity, thick photodetectors that are fully depleted through their thicknesses. (As used here, "thick means having a thickness between a fraction of a millimeter and a few millimeters.) The back surface would be polished to the curvature of the focal surface of the intended application. To enable the collection of charge carriers excited by photons near the back surface or in the bulk of the device, it would be necessary to form a transparent or semitransparent back-surface electrode, possibly by delta doping. [Delta doping is so named because its density-vs.-depth characteristic is reminiscent of the Dirac function (impulse function): the dopant is concentrated in a very thin layer - nominally, a single atomic layer.]
A Multiuser FBMC Receiver Implementation for Asynchronous Frequency Division Multiple Access (2014)

Relaxed synchronization is considered essential for future generations of wireless networks in order to reduce signaling overhead. Filterbank Multicarrier (FBMC) modulation receivers may be implemented in the frequency domain as synchronization and equalization may be performed jointly. Furthermore it is demonstrated that FBMC exhibits better capacity than OFDM when frequency division multiple access with relaxed synchronization is considered. The FPGA implementation of a flexible multiuser FBMC receiver in this context is then described. Its complexity is finally analyzed. The proposed multiuser architecture complexity scales reasonably with the number of addressed users in parallel.
INTRODUCTION TO COMPACT REINFORCED COMPOSITE (1987)

Compact Reinforced Composite (CRC) is a new type of composite structure. In its cement-based version, CRC is built up of a very strong and brittle cementitious matrix, toughened with a high concentration of fine steel fibres and further reinforced with a high concentration of larger steel bars. CRC has structural similarities with reinforced concrete, but is much more heavily reinforced and exhibits mechanical behaviour more like that of structural steel, having almost the same strength and extremely high ductility. The article describes this new type of structure and presents estimates of the ranges of properties to be expected.
Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy of Inherited Retinal Degenerations (2012)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are in wide use for in vivo gene transfer for the treatment of inherited retinal disease. AAV vectors have been tested in many animal models and have demonstrated efficacy with low toxicity. In this chapter we describe some of the recent methods for small-scale production of these vectors for use in a laboratory setting in volumes and purity appropriate for testing in small and large animals.
Piston Bowl Optimization for RCCI Combustion in a Light-Duty Multi-Cylinder Engine (2012)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) is an engine combustion strategy that produces low NO</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"> and PM emissions with high thermal efficiency. Previous RCCI research has been investigated in single-cylinder heavy-duty engines. The current study investigates RCCI operation in a light-duty multi-cylinder engine at 3 operating points. These operating points were chosen to cover a range of conditions seen in the US EPA light-duty FTP test. The operating points were chosen by the Ad Hoc working group to simulate operation in the FTP test. The fueling strategy for the engine experiments consisted of in-cylinder fuel blending using port fuel-injection (PFI) of gasoline and early-cycle, direct-injection (DI) of diesel fuel. At these 3 points, the stock engine configuration is compared to operation with both the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and custom-machined pistons designed for RCCI operation. The pistons were designed with assistance from the KIVA 3V computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. By using a genetic algorithm optimization, in conjunction with KIVA, the piston bowl profile was optimized for dedicated RCCI operation to reduce unburned fuel emissions and piston bowl surface area. By reducing these parameters, the thermal efficiency of the engine was improved while maintaining low NO</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"> and PM emissions. Results show that with the new piston bowl profile and an optimized injection schedule, RCCI brake thermal efficiency was increased from 37%, with the stock EURO IV configuration, to 40% at the 2,600 rev/min, 6.9 bar BMEP condition, and NO</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"> and PM emissions targets were met without the need for exhaust aftertreatment.</div></div>
Controlling grain nucleation and morphology by laser beam shaping in metal additive manufacturing (2020)

Gaussian laser intensity profiles are standard in laser-based metal additive manufacturing, although recent work in single-layer melt tracks showed that beam shaping could offer a feasible route towards microstructural control. Since thermal cycling and grain orientation templating in multilayer builds can alter microstructures, we compare three-dimensional 316 L stainless steel cubes built using Gaussian and elliptical laser intensity profiles. Microstructural characterization confirms that elliptical beams result in a modified and improved microstructure compared to Gaussian beams. This assessment favoring the elliptical beam is based on: (1) the observed refinement of the columnar and equiaxed grains; (2) more importantly, the volume fraction occupied by equiaxed grains increases dramatically such that the average grain area is reduced by nearly 50%; (3) reduced texture in cubes built using an elliptical beam. The random orientation of small equiaxed grains in samples built using an elliptical beam also suggests a higher nucleation frequency. High-fidelity finite element simulations that deliver accurate thermal profiles by incorporating laser ray tracing and fluid dynamics were performed. Using a time-dependent solidification map based on local thermal gradients (G) and growth rates (R), our simulation results confirm the experimentally observed trend that an elliptical beam results in a favorable thermal profile.
What causes hidradenitis suppurativa ?—15 years after (2020)

The 14 authors of the first review article on hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) pathogenesis published 2008 in EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY cumulating from the 1st International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Symposium held March 30-April 2, 2006 in Dessau, Germany with 33 participants were prophetic when they wrote "Hopefully, this heralds a welcome new tradition: to get to the molecular heart of HS pathogenesis, which can only be achieved by a renaissance of solid basic HS research, as the key to developing more effective HS therapy." (Kurzen et al. What causes hidradenitis suppurativa? Exp Dermatol 2008;17:455). Fifteen years later, there is no doubt that the desired renaissance of solid basic HS research is progressing with rapid steps and that HS has developed deep roots among inflammatory diseases in Dermatology and beyond, recognized as "the only inflammatory skin disease than can be healed". This anniversary article of 43 research-performing authors from all around the globe in the official journal of the European Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation e.V. (EHSF e.V.) and the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation, Inc (HSF USA) summarizes the evidence of the intense HS clinical and experimental research during the last 15 years in all aspects of the disease and provides information of the developments to come in the near future.
Towards an ultra-low power, high density and non-volatile Ternary CAM (2008)

Due to rapidly expanding networking industry demands, there is a corresponding need for high speed search capability, reduced power consumption and data masking within Content Addressable Memory (CAM) devices. These devices are used in applications requiring fast database searches. Image or voice systems, computer and communication systems are all CAM users. CAM have advantages in term of performance over other memory search algorithms. This is due to the simultaneous comparison of the desired information against the entire list of pre-stored entries. CAM have arrays designed to enable stored values to be located quickly by comparing input data to memory data to locate a match. This paper presents a design of a 18Kb non-volatile Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) integrating Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) devices. Magnetic Ternary Content Addressable Memory (MTCAM) can simplify conventional TCAM cell from sixteen transistors to 2 MRAM cells and 6 transistors. Furthermore, such device is intrinsically non volatile, e.g. power-failure-resistant. The MRAM cells are used both to store the information and to compare it (search) to the inputted data like an XOR logic function, whilst the CMOS part is used to detect and amplify the cell state.
Connectibles (2008)

This paper presents "Connectibles," a prototype instantiation of a tangible social network, a new type of social network application rooted in physical objects and real world social behavior. This research is inspired by theoretical work that suggests that gifts act as physical symbols of social relationships. The Connectibles system leverages gift-giving practices, presenting users with gift objects ("connectibles") that they exchange with one another. These objects automatically form always-on communication channels between givers and receivers. As a user collects more and more of these objects, he or she begins to acquire a dynamic, physical representation of and interface to her social network. The community of users' interactions implicitly represent the structure of the social network; these data can be accessed with a GUI application, allowing users to explore and interact with their social network. This system was implemented and subject to three user studies. The overarching goal of this work is to examine how a set of devices might naturally and harmoniously interface the physical, virtual and social worlds.
A novel synthesis of aromatic methoxy and methylenedioxy substituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1<i>H</i>‐3‐benzazepines (1972)

Abstract A new synthesis of aromatic methoxy and methylenedioxy substituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐3‐benzazepines is described. Suitably substituted phenethylamines and their α‐methyl homologs in the form of their N ‐acetyl derivatives are chloromethylated, the resulting benzyl chlorides are reacted with cyanide and hydrolysis of the latter yields 2‐(2‐aminoethyl)phenylacetic acid derivatives. Thermal cyclization yields the corresponding lactams. Hydride reduction of these lactams furnishes the substituted 2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐3‐benzazepines which may be methylated on nitrogen by formaldehyde and hydrogen. By this sequence a number of previously unde‐scribed compounds have been prepared.
Influence of Coenzyme Q10 on Tissue Distribution of Archaeosomes, and Pegylated Archaeosomes, Administered to Mice by Oral and Intravenous Routes (1999)

The biodistribution of orally and intravenously administered archaeosomes in mice was compared to that of archaeosomes containing either coenzyme Q10 (archaeosome-CoQ10), polyethylene glycol (archaeosome-PEG), or PEG plus CoQ10 (archaeosome-PEG-CoQ10). The archaeosome formulations were prepared by a reverse-phase evaporation method using the total polar lipids from the archaeobacterium Methanosarcina mazei. In the case of oral gavage, the most striking observation was that a significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentration (42.28+/-4.17%) of administered dose was found in the stomach content 3 h after administration of unmodified archaeosomes, as compared to that of archaeosome-CoQ10 (16.98+/-2.48%) and archaeosome-PEG-CoQ10 (5.8 +/-4.05"/ vesicles. This correlated with an increased uptake, notably of the archaeosome-PEG-CoQ 0 vesicles.,into liver and spleen; however, no more than 7% of the administered dose was found in liver, spleen and blood at any time point studied. In the case of intravenous administration, a significantly higher percentage of injected dose of unmodified archaeosomes was found in the liver (66.4 +/-.92%) and spleen (11.445+/-.68%) at 48 h, compared to archaeosome-CoQ10, archaeosome-PEG, and archaeosome-PEG-CoQ10 vesicles. The combination of PEG and CoQ10 significantly prolonged the circulation of archaeosomes in the blood, but after 48 h the amount of the vesicle marker in blood had declined to only about 0.5% of administered dose. These data indicate that the biodistribution of archaeosome formulations given orally or intravenously can be altered significantly by incorporating PEG or CoQ 10, alone or in combination, and these vesicles have the potential to act as a carrier for therapeutics and vaccines.
Interpolator Data Compression for MPEG-4 Animation (2004)

Interpolator representation in key-frame animation is now the most popular method for computer animation. The interpolator data consist of key and key value pairs, where a key is a time stamp and a key value is the corresponding value to the key. In this paper, we propose a set of new technologies to compress the interpolator data. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the existing MPEG-4 generic compression tool. Throughout the core experiments in MPEG-4, the proposed technique showed its superiority over the existing tool, becoming a part of MPEG-4 standard within the Animation Framework eXtension framework.
Automated synthesis for asynchronous FPGAs (2005)

We present an automatic logic synthesis method targeted for high-performance asynchronous FPGA (AFPGA) architectures. Our method transforms sequential programs as well as high-level descriptions of asynchronous circuits into fine-grain asynchronous process netlists suitable for an AFPGA. The resulting circuits are inherently pipelined, and can be physically mapped onto our AFPGA with standard partitioning and place-and-route algorithms. For a wide variety of benchmarks, our automatic synthesis method not only yields comparable logic densities and performance to those achieved by hand placement, but also attains a throughput close to the peak performance of the FPGA.
DEVELOPMENT OF RANEY-TYPE LOW TEMPERATURE METHANOL SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS† (1982)

Catalysts prepared by caustic leaching of Cu—Zn—Al alloys are shown to have activities greater than those of a commercial copper-based catalyst. Complete leaching of alloys containing 50 wt.% aluminium, with between 0 and 50 wt.% copper, and the balance zinc produced catalysts having a wide range of activities. The most active catalysts for methanol production were produced from alloys containing from 10 to 20 wt.% zinc. The activities of catalysts prepared by the partial leaching of an alloy containing approximately 36% copper, 15% zinc and 48% aluminium were shown to pass through a maximum at a leaching time of 2.75 hours. This catalyst had more than double the activity of a commercial catalyst al reaction conditions similar to those employed industrially.
Laser induced periodic surface structures on Yttria-stabilized Zirconia ceramics formed by time-dependent polarization pulses (2020)

Time-dependent polarization pulses generated by combinations of two pulses (orthogonal polarized or counter-rotating circularly polarized) were irradiated on yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics and formed laser-induced periodic surface structures. Formed structures show effects of evolution of the polarization state and intensity.
Reliable fluorinated thin gate oxides prepared by liquid phase deposition following rapid thermal process (1996)

A reliable fluorinated thin gate oxide prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD) following rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) in O/sub 2/ or nitridation (RTN) in N/sub 2/O ambient was reported. Fluorine (F) atoms incorporated into the oxides during LPD process are found to be helpful to the improvement of oxide quality. It is observed that these fluorinated gate oxides show good properties in radiation hardness, charge to breakdown (Q/sub bd/), and oxide breakdown field (E/sub ox/) endurances. Interestingly, the Q/sub bd/'s for the fluorinated gate oxides are 10 times larger than those for the gate oxides prepared by RTO in O/sub 2/ or RTN in N/sub 2/O directly. Some of the E/sub ox/'s are even higher than 17 MV/cm for the samples investigated in this work.