gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
London Dispersion in Molecular Chemistry—Reconsidering Steric Effects (2015)

London dispersion, which constitutes the attractive part of the famous van der Waals potential, has long been underappreciated in molecular chemistry as an important element of structural stability, and thus affects chemical reactivity and catalysis. This negligence is due to the common notion that dispersion is weak, which is only true for one pair of interacting atoms. For increasingly larger structures, the overall dispersion contribution grows rapidly and can amount to tens of kcal mol(-1) . This Review collects and emphasizes the importance of inter- and intramolecular dispersion for molecules consisting mostly of first row atoms. The synergy of experiment and theory has now reached a stage where dispersion effects can be examined in fine detail. This forces us to reconsider our perception of steric hindrance and stereoelectronic effects. The quantitation of dispersion energy donors will improve our ability to design sophisticated molecular structures and much better catalysts.
Propofol: Therapeutic Indications and Side-Effects (2004)

Propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol) is a potent intravenous hypnotic agent which is widely used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia and for sedation in the intensive care unit. Propofol is an oil at room temperature and insoluble in aqueous solution. Present formulations consists of 1% or 2% (w/v) propofol, 10% soybean oil, 2.25% glycerol, and 1.2% egg phosphatide. Disodium edetate (EDTA) or metabisulfite is added to retard bacterial and fungal growth. Propofol is a global central nervous system depressant. It directly activates GABA(A) receptors. In addition, propofol inhibits the NMDA receptor and modulates calcium influx through slow calcium ion channels. Propofol has a rapid onset of action with a dose-related hypnotic effect. Recovery is rapid even after prolonged use. Propofol decreases cerebral oxygen consumption, reduces intracranial pressure and has potent anti-convulsant properties. It is a potent antioxidant, has anti-inflammatory properties and is a bronchodilator. As a consequence of these properties propofol is being increasingly used in the management of traumatic head injury, status epilepticus, delirium tremens, status asthmaticus and in critically ill septic patients. Propofol has a remarkable safety profile. Dose dependent hypotension is the commonest complication; particularly in volume depleted patients. Hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis are uncommon complications. Allergic complications, which may include bronchospasm, have been reported with the formulation containing metabisulfite. In addition, this formulation has been demonstrated to result in the generation of oxygen free radicals. High dose propofol infusions have been associated with the "propofol syndrome"; this is a potentially fatal complication characterized by severe metabolic acidosis and circulatory collapse. This is a rare complication first reported in pediatric patients and believed to be due to decreased transmembrane electrical potential and alteration of electron transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Effect of delta-opioid receptor agonist deltorphin on circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in healthy fertile women (1998)

There is evidence that endogenous opioid peptides exert an inhibitory effect on pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion both in animals and in humans, by interacting with mu-opioid receptors. However, a role for delta-opioid receptors in the regulation of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion has recently been suggested. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the highly selective delta-opioid receptor agonist deltorphin on the LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) responses to naloxone in six healthy fertile women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Deltorphin infusion alone (7 microg/kg/min for 60 min) did not significantly change the basal serum concentrations of LH in this group of women. The intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of naloxone (15 mg) induced a significant (P < 0.001) increase in serum LH concentrations (from a mean basal value of 4.24+/-1.10 IU/l to a peak of 13.27+/-1.8 IU/l). The LH response to naloxone was significantly (P < 0.001) blunted by preinfusion of deltorphin (13.27+/- 1.80 IU/l versus 4.80+/-1.18 IU/l). No significant changes in FSH concentrations were observed during deltorphin, naloxone or deltorphin plus naloxone administration. These data indicate that activation of delta-opioid receptors can reduce naloxone-induced LH release, suggesting a possible role of delta receptors in opioidergic modulation of LH secretion in women.
Both p110α and p110β isoforms of PI3K can modulate the impact of loss-of-function of the PTEN tumour suppressor (2011)

The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathway is commonly activated in cancer as a consequence of inactivation of the tumour suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), a major negative regulator of PI3K signalling. In line with this important role of PTEN, mice that are heterozygous for a PTEN-null allele (PTEN+/− mice) spontaneously develop a variety of tumours in multiple organs. PTEN is a phosphatase with selectivity for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, which is produced by the class I isoforms of PI3K (p110α, p110β, p110γ and p110δ). Previous studies indicated that PTEN-deficient cancer cell lines mainly depend on p110β, and that p110β, but not p110α, controls mouse prostate cancer development driven by PTEN loss. In the present study, we investigated whether the ubiquitously expressed p110α can also functionally interact with PTEN in cancer. Using genetic mouse models that mimic systemic administration of p110α- or p110β-selective inhibitors, we confirm that inactivation of p110β, but not p110α, inhibits prostate cancer development in PTEN+/− mice, but also find that p110α inactivation protects from glomerulonephritis, pheochromocytoma and thyroid cancer induced by PTEN loss. This indicates that p110α can modulate the impact of PTEN loss in disease and tumourigenesis. In primary and immortalized mouse fibroblast cell lines, both p110α and p110β controlled steady-state PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels and Akt signalling induced by heterozygous PTEN loss. In contrast, no correlation was found in primary mouse tissues between PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 levels, PI3K/PTEN genotype and cancer development. Taken together, our results from the present study show that inactivation of either p110α or p110β can counteract the impact of PTEN inactivation. The potential implications of these findings for PI3K-targeted therapy of cancer are discussed.
Psychological Assessment of the Elderly (1988)

What is normal in the elderly?, J.T.Eccles clinico-pathological correlations, C.Q.Mountjoy behavioural and clinical aspects - longitudinal studies, Stig Berg et al measuring levels of disability - the Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly, Anne Pattie measuring levels of disability - an hierarchial approach, M.G.Cole quantifying clinical observation. Geriatric Mental State - AGECAT package, J.R.M.Copeland the relationship between depression and disability in the elderly - data from the Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation (CARE), B.J.Gurland et al measuring mood, Stuart A.Montgomery psychological approaches to the assessment and treatment of old people, Michael Church and John P.Wattis measuring the effects of psychotropic drugs, Ian Hindmarch and John P.Wattis.
Mortgage Default Risk and Real Estate Prices: The Use of Index-Based Futures and Options in Real Estate (1995)

Evidence is shown, using US foreclosure data by state 1975--93, that periods of high default rates on home mortgages strongly tend to follow real estate price declines or interruptions in real estate price increase. The relation between price decline and foreclosure rates is modelled using a distributed lag. Using this model, holders of residential mortgage portfolios could hedge some of the risk of default by taking positions in futures or options markets for residential real estate prices, were such markets to be established.
Unbiased identification of substrates for the Epac1-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase component SOCS-3 (2012)

The anti-inflammatory effects of the prototypical second messenger cAMP have been extensively documented in multiple cell types. One mechanism by which these effects are achieved is via Epac1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1)-dependent induction of SOCS-3 (suppressor of cytokine signalling 3), which binds and inhibits specific class I cytokine receptors. One important aspect of SOCS-3 functionality is its role as the specificity determinant within an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex which targets cellular substrates for polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. In the present review, we describe key inhibitory processes that serve to reduce cytokine receptor signalling, focusing primarily on SOCS protein function and regulation. We also outline a strategy we have developed to identify novel ubiquitylated substrates for the Epac1-inducible SOCS-3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex following purification of the ubiquitinome. It is anticipated that identifying substrates for the Epac1-regulated SOCS-3 E3 ubiquitin ligase, and assessment of their functional significance, may pinpoint new sites for therapeutic intervention that would achieve therapeutic efficacy of cAMP-elevating drugs while minimizing the adverse effects usually associated with these agents.
Controlled mode interaction based wide-band and robust optical switching unit in silica-on-silicon (2005)

We present a novel wide band and robust planar lightwave circuit (PLC) switching unit having two switching states with low cross talk. The CMI based SU does not require post fabrication trimming and can be used as a normally dark VOA.
The Two Faces of Capsaicin (2011)

Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the principal pungent component in hot peppers, including red chili peppers, jalapeños, and habaneros. Consumed worldwide, capsaicin has a long and convoluted history of controversy about whether its consumption or topical application is entirely safe. Conflicting epidemiologic data and basic research study results suggest that capsaicin can act as a carcinogen or as a cancer preventive agent. Capsaicin is unique among naturally occurring irritant compounds because the initial neuronal excitation evoked is followed by a long-lasting refractory period, during which the previously excited neurons are no longer responsive to a broad range of stimuli. This process is referred to as desensitization and has been exploited for its therapeutic potential. Capsaicin-containing creams have been in clinical use for many years to relieve a variety of painful conditions. However, their effectiveness in pain relief is also highly debated and some adverse side effects have been reported. We have found that chronic, long-term topical application of capsaicin increased skin carcinogenesis in mice treated with a tumor promoter. These results might imply that caution should be exercised when using capsaicin-containing topical applications in the presence of a tumor promoter, such as, for example, sunlight.
Multi-hop Communication in the Uplink for LPWANs (2016)

Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) have arisen as a promising communication technology for supporting Internet of Things (IoT) services due to their low power operation, wide coverage range, low cost and scalability. However, most LPWAN solutions like SIGFOX or LoRaWAN rely on star topology networks, where stations (STAs) transmit directly to the gateway (GW), which often leads to rapid battery depletion in STAs located far from it. In this work, we analyze the impact on LPWANs energy consumption of multi-hop communication in the uplink, allowing STAs to transmit data packets in lower power levels and higher data rates to closer parent STAs, reducing their energy consumption consequently. To that aim, we introduce the Distance-Ring Exponential Stations Generator (DRESG) framework, designed to evaluate the performance of the so-called optimal-hop routing model, which establishes optimal routing connections in terms of energy efficiency, aiming to balance the consumption among all the STAs in the network. Results show that enabling such multi-hop connections entails higher network lifetimes, reducing significantly the bottleneck consumption in LPWANs with up to thousands of STAs. These results lead to foresee multi-hop communication in the uplink as a promising routing alternative for extending the lifetime of LPWAN deployments.
Combined Metabolic Activators Decrease Liver Steatosis by Activating Mitochondrial Metabolism in Hamsters Fed with a High-Fat Diet (2021)

Although the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase, there is no effective treatment approved for this condition. We previously showed, in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, that the supplementation of combined metabolic activators (CMA), including nicotinamide riboside (NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor) and the potent glutathione precursors serine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), significantly decreased fatty liver by promoting fat oxidation in mitochondria. Afterwards, in a one-day proof-of-concept human supplementation study, we observed that this CMA, including also L-carnitine tartrate (LCT), resulted in increased fatty acid oxidation and de novo glutathione synthesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with supplementation of CMA have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated in hamsters that the chronic supplementation of this CMA (changing serine for betaine) at two doses significantly decreased hepatic steatosis. We further generated liver transcriptomics data and integrated these data using a liver-specific genome-scale metabolic model of liver tissue. We systemically determined the molecular changes after the supplementation of CMA and found that it activates mitochondria in the liver tissue by modulating global lipid, amino acid, antioxidant and folate metabolism. Our findings provide extra evidence about the beneficial effects of a treatment based on this CMA against NAFLD.
Augmented interiors with digital camera images (2006)

In this paper, we present a system for Augmented Reality interior design based on digital images. The system can be used with an ordinary PC and a digital camera: no special equipment is required. Once placed in the image, virtual objects may be scaled, moved and rotated freely. In addition, the layout can be stored in file for later adjustment. We describe various user interface details and implementation issues, including a useful marker erasure method for general AR applications.
Appropriate infliximab infusion dosage and monitoring: results of a panel meeting of rheumatologists, dermatologists and gastroenterologists (2010)

Different indications encompass different dosing schedules. National and internal guidelines do not provide advice regarding loss of response. Routine measurement of vital signs during infusion is not valuable in detecting acute infusion reactions and should only be performed in case of an acute infusion reaction. These topics need to be studied in future studies and covered in future guidelines.
HorTILLUS—A Rich and Renewable Source of Induced Mutations for Forward/Reverse Genetics and Pre-breeding Programs in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2018)

TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a strategy used for functional analysis of genes that combines the classical mutagenesis and a rapid, high-throughput identification of mutations within a gene of interest. TILLING has been initially developed as a discovery platform for functional genomics, but soon it has become a valuable tool in development of desired alleles for crop breeding, alternative to transgenic approach. Here we present the <i>Hor</i>TILLUS ( <i><b>Hor</b>deum</i>-<b>TILL</b>ING-<b>U</b>niversity of <b>S</b>ilesia) population created for spring barley cultivar "Sebastian" after double-treatment of seeds with two chemical mutagens: sodium azide (NaN<sub>3</sub>) and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The population comprises more than 9,600 M<sub>2</sub> plants from which DNA was isolated, seeds harvested, vacuum-packed, and deposited in seed bank. M<sub>3</sub> progeny of 3,481 M<sub>2</sub> individuals was grown in the field and phenotyped. The screening for mutations was performed for 32 genes related to different aspects of plant growth and development. For each gene fragment, 3,072-6,912 M<sub>2</sub> plants were used for mutation identification using LI-COR sequencer. In total, 382 mutations were found in 182.2 Mb screened. The average mutation density in the <i>Hor</i>TILLUS, estimated as 1 mutation per 477 kb, is among the highest mutation densities reported for barley. The majority of mutations were G/C to A/T transitions, however about 8% transversions were also detected. Sixty-one percent of mutations found in coding regions were missense, 37.5% silent and 1.1% nonsense. In each gene, the missense mutations with a potential effect on protein function were identified. The <i>Hor</i>TILLUS platform is the largest of the TILLING populations reported for barley and best characterized. The population proved to be a useful tool, both in functional genomic studies and in forward selection of barley mutants with required phenotypic changes. We are constantly renewing the <i>Hor</i>TILLUS population, which makes it a permanent source of new mutations. We offer the usage of this valuable resource to the interested barley researchers on cooperative basis.
Technological and business challenges of smart grids (2010)

Growing recognition of the electricity grid modernization to enable new electricity generation and consumption schemes has found articulation in the vision of the Smart Grid platform. The essence of this vision is an autonomous network with two-way electricity power flows and extensive real-time information between the generation nodes, various electricity-dependent appliances and all points in-between. Three major components of the Smart Grids are distributed intelligence, communication technologies, and automated control systems.\n\nThe aim of this thesis is to recognize the challenges that Smart Grids are facing, while extinguishing the main driving factors for their introduction. The scope of the thesis also covers possible place of electricity Aggregator Company in the current and future electricity markets. Basic functions of an aggregator and possible revenue sources along with demand response feasibility calculations are reviewed within this thesis.
Dynamic response and hydrodynamics of polarized crowds (2019)

Modeling crowd motion is central to situations as diverse as risk prevention in mass events and visual effects rendering in the motion picture industry. The difficulty of performing quantitative measurements in model experiments has limited our ability to model pedestrian flows. We use tens of thousands of road-race participants in starting corrals to elucidate the flowing behavior of polarized crowds by probing its response to boundary motion. We establish that speed information propagates over system-spanning scales through polarized crowds, whereas orientational fluctuations are locally suppressed. Building on these observations, we lay out a hydrodynamic theory of polarized crowds and demonstrate its predictive power. We expect this description of human groups as active continua to provide quantitative guidelines for crowd management.
Emergency Department Triage of Patients Infected with HIV (2002)

The Clinical Triage Instrument was not sufficiently accurate for clinical use. Until accurate and reliable triage methods are developed, all patients infected with HIV who present to the ED for care should receive timely evaluation and care.
Balancing usability and security in a video CAPTCHA (2009)

We present a technique for using content-based video labeling as a CAPTCHA task. Our CAPTCHAs are generated from YouTube videos, which contain labels (tags) supplied by the person that uploaded the video. They are graded using a video's tags, as well as tags from related videos. In a user study involving 184 participants, we were able to increase the human success rate on our video CAPTCHA from roughly 70% to 90%, while keeping the success rate of a tag frequency-based attack fixed at around 13%. Through a different parameterization of the challenge generation and grading algorithms, we were able to reduce the success rate of the same attack to 2%, while still increasing the human success rate from 70% to 75%. The usability and security of our video CAPTCHA appears to be comparable to existing CAPTCHAs, and a majority of participants (60%) indicated that they found the video CAPTCHAs more enjoyable than traditional CAPTCHAs in which distorted text must be transcribed.
CHIP IMPEDANCE MATCHING FOR UHF RFID TAG ANTENNA DESIGN (2008)

Passive UHF RFID tag consists of a microchip attached directly to an antenna. Proper impedance match between the antenna and the chip is crucial in RFID tag design. It directly influences RFID system performance characteristics such as the range of a tag. It is known that an RFID microchip is a nonlinear load whose complex impedance in each state varies with the frequency and the input power. This paper illustrates a proper calculation of the tag power reflection coefficient for maximum power transfer by taking into account of the changing chip impedance versus frequency.
Dynamic coverage of time-varying environments using a mobile robot &#x2014; A communication-aware perspective (2011)

In this paper, we study the problem of dynamic coverage of a number of points of interest, in a time-varying environment, using a mobile robot. We consider the scenario where the uncertainty at any point of interest, that is not being sensed by the onboard sensor of the robot, is continuously growing. The robot is then tasked with moving along periodic trajectories, continuously sensing the points of interest and transmitting its gathered sensory data to a remote base station. We assume realistic fading channels between the robot and the base station. We then consider a piecewise linear periodic trajectory for the robot and propose a novel approach, based on sequentially solving a mixed integer program and a nonlinear program, to optimally design the trajectory and the TX power profile of the robot. We consider two different cases of a passive and an active robot. Our results show how sensing and communication objectives can be combined to prevent the instability of the coverage task, in realistic fading environments.
An algorithm to implement a fluoroscopic stereo system using a single simulated fluoroscope and an optical navigator (2012)

This paper presents an algorithm to use an optical navigator and a single simulated fluoroscope in order to obtain a stereo representation of internal tissues which will allow, combined with a six DOF lockable kinematic chain bearing a suitable end effector, to guide precision biopsies. The method is based on the use of the principles of stereophotogrammetry applied to a correctly calibrated fluoroscope. In this paper however the fluoroscope is replaced by a camera, in order to reduce the risks for the operators during this first research stage. In the near future however, we will repeat the same procedure in the surgery room environment.