gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homocysteine and Cellular Fibronectin are Increased in Preeclampsia, not Transient Hypertension of Pregnancy (2001)

Objective. The objective of this study was to confirm that endothelial dysfunction is present in preeclampsia and absent in transient hypertension of pregnancy, and to determine whether the cardiovascular risk factor homocysteine is associated with the degree of endothelial dysfunction.Methods. We measured cellular fibronectin (as a marker of endothelial injury) and total plasma homocysteine in samples collected at the time of admittance to labor and delivery in 17 women with preeclampsia (increased blood pressure, proteinuria, and hyperuricemia), 16 women with transient hypertension of pregnancy (only increased blood pressure), and 34 normal pregnant women. Each subject with preeclampsia was matched by prepregnancy body mass index, race, and gestational age at delivery to one subject with transient hypertension of pregnancy and two controls.Results. Cellular fibronectin was found to be significantly increased in women with preeclampsia compared to subjects with transient hypertension of pregnancy or normal pregnant women (22.9±14.1 μg/mL versus 10.9±5.4 and 10.1±6.2 μg/mL, respectively, p<0.0001). Similarly, total plasma homocysteine was also significantly increased in the women with preeclampsia compared to subjects with transient hypertension of pregnancy or normal pregnant women (8.3±2.5 μM versus 5.5±2.2 and 5.4±3.4 μM respectively, p<0.01). However, contrary to our hypothesis, there was no apparent association between cellular fibronectin and homocysteine.Conclusions. The increased concentrations of homocysteine observed in preeclampsia are not a general feature of all hypertensive complications of pregnancy. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction is present in preeclampsia and is not evident in transient hypertension of pregnancy. However, the apparent endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia is not explained by the increase in homocysteine concentrations observed.
Mercaptophosphonic acids as efficient linkers in quantum dot sensitized solar cells (2015)

New mercaptophosphonic linkers are presented for the attachment of ternary quantum dots to ZnO and TiO2 for photovoltaic applications.
An Artificial Synapse for Interfacing to Biological Neurons (2006)

This work details CMOS, bio-inspired circuits that are used to link an artificial neuron and a living neuron and between two living neurons. We read an intracellular signal from a living neuron, use an integrate-and-fire neuron as a simple processing element to detect the spikes, and an artificial synapse to send outputs to a living neuron. The key structure is an electronic synapse which is based around a floating-gate pFET. The charge on the floating-gate is analogous to the synaptic weight and can be modified. This modification can be viewed as similar to LTP and LTD. Since programming technology has greatly improved, these weights can be set quickly and accurately
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Synthesis, Chemical Modifications and Biological Applications of Sulfur Modified Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Oligonucleotides (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solid state optical gyrometer integrated on silicon (1997)

The authors have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of solid state optical gyrometers. They consist of a silica waveguide coil fully integrated on a silicon substrate and operating at 850 nm wavelength. A typical sensitivity of 1°/s and a full linearity at least between –900 and 900°/s have been obtained so far. This first result could open the way to further improvements in order to achieve low cost rotation sensors.
A Versatile Method to Design Stem-Loop Primer-Based Quantitative PCR Assays for Detecting Small Regulatory RNA Molecules (2013)

Short regulatory RNA-s have been identified as key regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. They have been involved in the regulation of both physiological and pathological processes such as embryonal development, immunoregulation and cancer. One of their relevant characteristics is their high stability, which makes them excellent candidates for use as biomarkers. Their number is constantly increasing as next generation sequencing methods reveal more and more details of their synthesis. These novel findings aim for new detection methods for the individual short regulatory RNA-s in order to be able to confirm the primary data and characterize newly identified subtypes in different biological conditions. We have developed a flexible method to design RT-qPCR assays that are very sensitive and robust. The newly designed assays were tested extensively in samples from plant, mouse and even human formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Moreover, we have shown that these assays are able to quantify endogenously generated shRNA molecules. The assay design method is freely available for anyone who wishes to use a robust and flexible system for the quantitative analysis of matured regulatory RNA-s.
Human ZP3 restores fertility in <i>Zp3</i> null mice without affecting order-specific sperm binding (1998)

The mammalian zona pellucida surrounding ovulated eggs mediates sperm binding at fertilization, provides a postfertilization block to polyspermy, and facilitates passage of pre-implantation embryos down the oviduct. Although the three zona proteins (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3) are well conserved, mammalian fertilization is relatively specific and human sperm do not bind to the mouse zona pellucida. There are considerable in vitro data that ZP3 acts as a primary sperm adhesion molecule in mice and, by analogy, a similar role has been postulated for human ZP3. Genetically altered mice lacking ZP3 (Zp3(tm/tm)) do not form a zona pellucida and are infertile. To rescue this phenotype, transgenic mice expressing human ZP3 (67% identical to mouse ZP3) were produced and bred with Zp3(tm/tm) null mice. The resultant human ZP3 rescue females had chimeric zonae pellucidae composed of mouse ZP1, mouse ZP2 and human ZP3. Human ZP3 expressed in mouse oocytes had an apparent mass (64 kDa) indistinguishable from native human ZP3 and distinct from mouse ZP3 (83 kDa). Despite the presence of human ZP3, human sperm did not bind to the chimeric zona pellucida, and notwithstanding the absence of mouse ZP3, mouse sperm bound to ovulated eggs in vitro and fertility was restored in vivo. These data have implications regarding the molecular basis of mouse and human sperm binding to their respective zonae pellucidae.
Understanding and Improving Convolutional Neural Networks via Concatenated Rectified Linear Units (2016)

Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used as a powerful tool to solve many problems of machine learning and computer vision. In this paper, we aim to provide insight on the property of convolutional neural networks, as well as a generic method to improve the performance of many CNN architectures. Specifically, we first examine existing CNN models and observe an intriguing property that the filters in the lower layers form pairs (i.e., filters with opposite phase). Inspired by our observation, we propose a novel, simple yet effective activation scheme called concatenated ReLU (CRelu) and theoretically analyze its reconstruction property in CNNs. We integrate CRelu into several state-of-the-art CNN architectures and demonstrate improvement in their recognition performance on CIFAR-10/100 and ImageNet datasets with fewer trainable parameters. Our results suggest that better understanding of the properties of CNNs can lead to significant performance improvement with a simple modification.
Prefix codes for power laws (2008)

In prefix coding over an infinite alphabet, methods that consider specific distributions generally consider those that decline more quickly than a power law (e.g., a geometric distribution for Golomb coding). Particular power-law distributions, however, model many random variables encountered in practice. Estimates of expected number of bits per input symbol approximate compression performance of such random variables and can thus be used in comparing such methods. This paper introduces a family of prefix codes with an eye towards near-optimal coding of known distributions, precisely estimating compression performance for well-known probability distributions using these new codes and using previously known prefix codes. One application of these near-optimal codes is an improved representation of rational numbers.
Variations on a theme—recent developments on the mechanism of the Heck reaction and their implications for synthesis (1998)

The Heck reaction has been used extensively over the past 30 years for the elaboration of alkenes. Although many examples have been published in the literature it is only in the last few years that detailed mechanistic studies have been undertaken and a clearer understanding of the active species has emerged. This review will examine the implications of recent details on the mechanism of the Heck reaction using both traditional and non-traditional catalytic systems, highlight mechanistic details which must be updated in textbooks and summarise the protocols which a practising chemist might use to perform a successful Heck coupling.
Electrostatic Activation of Hypervalent Organo‐Iodine Compounds: Bis(onio)‐Substituted Aryliodine(<scp>III</scp>) Salts (1994)

A new class of compounds, for example 2, synthesized from 1 or iodosobenzene, are the title compounds in this article. The oxidation potential of 1 is increased considerably by bis(onio) substitution; thus, these new systems can be used as potent oxidants. Applications include dehydrogenations of monohydrazones to give diazo compounds and of 1,2-bishydrazones to give alkynes.
Form and Genre Access to Academic Library Digital Collections (2020)

The Version of Record of this manuscript has been published and is available in Journal of Library Metadata, 17 Feb. 2020, DOI: 10.1080/19386389.2020.1723203.
Hydrated Silica Exterior Produced by Biomimetic Silicification Confers Viral Vaccine Heat-Resistance (2015)

Heat-lability is a key roadblock that strangles the widespread applications of many biological products. In nature, archaeal and extremophilic organisms utilize amorphous silica as a protective biomineral and exhibit considerable thermal tolerance. Here we present a bioinspired approach to generate thermostable virus by introducing an artificial hydrated silica exterior on individual virion. Similar to thermophiles, silicified viruses can survive longer at high temperature than their wild-type relatives. Virus inactivation assays showed that silica hydration exterior of the modified virus effectively prolonged infectivity of viruses by ∼ 10-fold at room temperature, achieving a similar result as that obtained by storing native ones at 4 °C. Mechanistic studies indicate that amorphous silica nanoclusters stabilize the inner virion structure by forming a layer that restricts molecular mobility, acting as physiochemical nanoanchors. Notably, we further evaluate the potential application of this biomimetic strategy in stabilizing clinically approved vaccine, and the silicified polio vaccine that can retain 90% potency after the storage at room temperature for 35 days was generated by this biosilicification approach and validated with in vivo experiments. This approach not only biomimetically connects inorganic material and living virus but also provides an innovative resolution to improve the thermal stability of biological agents using nanomaterials.
Chromium in Drinking Water: Sources, Metabolism, and Cancer Risks (2011)

Drinking water supplies in many geographic areas contain chromium in the +3 and +6 oxidation states. Public health concerns are centered on the presence of hexavalent Cr that is classified as a known human carcinogen via inhalation. Cr(VI) has high environmental mobility and can originate from anthropogenic and natural sources. Acidic environments with high organic content promote the reduction of Cr(VI) to nontoxic Cr(III). The opposite process of Cr(VI) formation from Cr(III) also occurs, particularly in the presence of common minerals containing Mn(IV) oxides. Limited epidemiological evidence for Cr(VI) ingestion is suggestive of elevated risks for stomach cancers. Exposure of animals to Cr(VI) in drinking water induced tumors in the alimentary tract, with linear and supralinear responses in the mouse small intestine. Chromate, the predominant form of Cr(VI) at neutral pH, is taken up by all cells through sulfate channels and is activated nonenzymatically by ubiquitously present ascorbate and small thiols. The most abundant form of DNA damage induced by Cr(VI) is Cr-DNA adducts, which cause mutations and chromosomal breaks. Emerging evidence points to two-way interactions between DNA damage and epigenetic changes that collectively determine the spectrum of genomic rearrangements and profiles of gene expression in tumors. Extensive formation of DNA adducts, clear positivity in genotoxicity assays with high predictive values for carcinogenicity, the shape of tumor-dose responses in mice, and a biological signature of mutagenic carcinogens (multispecies, multisite, and trans-sex tumorigenic potency) strongly support the importance of the DNA-reactive mutagenic mechanisms in carcinogenic effects of Cr(VI). Bioavailability results and kinetic considerations suggest that 10-20% of ingested low-dose Cr(VI) escapes human gastric inactivation. The directly mutagenic mode of action and the incompleteness of gastric detoxification argue against a threshold in low-dose extrapolation of cancer risk for ingested Cr(VI).
Reconfigurable Cache Implemented on an FPGA (2010)

Cache memory is a common structure in computer system and has an important role in microprocessor performance. A relationship between the performance of particular algorithm and main cache parameters such as associativity, number of words per block and cache size has been demonstrated. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable cache with several working modes. The cache was physically implemented on an FPGA, connected to an embedded processor and tested for different algorithms, profiting the configuration facilities of these devices. A test platform was also developed. We report some performance parameters of interest.
MH<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (M = Co, Ni):  Metamagnetic Interaction between the Zigzag Octahedral Chains (2007)

CoH2P2O7 and NiH2P2O7, which contain edge-sharing zigzag octahedral chains, were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Both compounds exhibit field-induced metamagnetic behavior because of the strong intrachain ferromagnetic and relatively weak interchain antiferromagnetic interactions.
Direct targeting of αvβ3 integrin on tumor cells with a monoclonal antibody, Abegrin™ (2006)

The humanized monoclonal antibody Abegrin, currently in phase II trials for treatment of solid tumors, specifically recognizes the integrin alphavbeta3. Due to its high expression on mature osteoclasts, angiogenic endothelial cells, and tumor cells, integrin alphavbeta3 functions in several pathologic processes important to tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting of this integrin with Abegrin results in antitumor, antiangiogenic, and antiosteolytic activities. Here, we exploit the species specificity of Abegrin to evaluate the effects of direct targeting of tumor cells (independent of targeting of endothelia or osteoclasts). Flow cytometry analysis of human tumor cell lines shows high levels of alphavbeta3 on many solid tumors, including cancers of the prostate, skin, ovary, kidney, lung, and breast. We also show that tumor growth of alphavbeta3-expressing tumor cells is inhibited by Abegrin in a dose-dependent manner. We present a novel finding that high-dose administration can actively impair the antitumor activity of Abegrin. We also provide evidence that antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity contributes to in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Finally, it was observed that peak biological activity of Abegrin arises at serum levels that are consistent with those achieved in clinical trials. These results support a concept that Abegrin can be used to achieve selective targeting of the many tumor cells that express alphavbeta3 integrin. In combination with the well-established concept that alphavbeta3 plays a key role in cancer-associated angiogenesis and osteolytic activities, this triad of activity could provide new opportunities for therapeutic targeting of cancer.
Increasing Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Throughput by Mass Tagging: A Sample-Multiplexed High-Throughput Assay for 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 (2011)

Multiplexing samples by differential mass tagging in LC-MS/MS measurement of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3 allows for reliable quantification, with throughput increased over standard methods by the multiplexing factor.
A facile access to a novel NHC-stabilized silyliumylidene ion and C–H activation of phenylacetylene (2014)

Taking advantage of two N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), novel silyliumylidene ions 1a and 1b are prepared by a facile one-pot reaction of the corresponding dichlorosilanes with three equivalents of NHCs. For the first time, a C–H insertion reaction of phenylacetylene by a novel silyliumylidene ion is reported. The treatment of m-terphenyl substituted silyliumylidene ion 1a with three equivalents of phenylacetylene results in the formation of m-terphenyl substituted 1-alkenyl-1,1-dialkynylsilane 2.
A Full W-Band Waveguide-to-Differential Microstrip Transition (2019)

A vertical transition from differential microstrip line to WR10 rectangular waveguide is presented. In contrast to other approaches, it does not necessitate a backside cavity. This simplifies the integration into multilayer circuits. The measured response which agrees well with the simulated one demonstrates a good performance over the entire W-Band. The insertion loss ranges from 0.5dB to 1.1dB whereas the return loss is better than 13dB over the whole bandwidth of 37.8%.
Multi-Component Ocean Bottom Seismic Data Acquired with an Autonomous Node System (2005)

B022 Multi-component Ocean Bottom Seismic Data Acquired with an Autonomous Node System Abstract 1 Multi-component ocean bottom seismic (OBS) data for oil and gas exploration have traditionally been acquired with systems in which many seismometers are physically linked with a cable. An alternative approach is to record data utilizing a set of distributed nodes each operating autonomously. In such a system each node marks time and records the sensor outputs continuously for the duration of its deployment on the seafloor which may be days or weeks. The high degree of flexibility in the receiver geometry permitted by a node based
Under the Shadow of Mackenzie King? —Narrative Spatialization as Working-Through in Kerri Sakamoto's The Electrical Field * (2012)

The novelistic presentation of electrical field in Kerri Sakamoto's eponymous novel—that is, the emotional entanglement of the characters as filtered through Asako's mind—can be seen as the narrative space of its protagonist- narrator, Asako, through which she both acts out and works through her traumas. Instead of being binary opposites (with one superseding the other), acting out and working through are countervailing forces in Asako's traumatized mind, functioning against one another as they overlap. Asako's fragmentary narration thus reveals both the symptoms of her traumas and her difficult means of working through them. The symptoms include protective numbing, emotional outbursts, and repeated dreams and rationalization, which
Phenotypic Resistance and the Dynamics of Bacterial Escape from Phage Control (2014)

The canonical view of phage - bacterial interactions in dense, liquid cultures is that the phage will eliminate most of the sensitive cells; genetic resistance will then ascend to restore high bacterial densities. Yet there are various mechanisms by which bacteria may remain sensitive to phages but still attain high densities in their presence - because bacteria enter a transient state of reduced adsorption. Importantly, these mechanisms may be cryptic and inapparent prior to the addition of phage yet result in a rapid rebound of bacterial density after phage are introduced. We describe mathematical models of these processes and suggest how different types of this 'phenotypic' resistance may be elucidated. We offer preliminary in vitro studies of a previously characterized E. coli model system and Campylobacter jejuni illustrating apparent phenotypic resistance. As phenotypic resistance may be specific to the receptors used by phages, awareness of its mechanisms may identify ways of improving the choice of phages for therapy. Phenotypic resistance can also explain several enigmas in the ecology of phage-bacterial dynamics. Phenotypic resistance does not preclude the evolution of genetic resistance and may often be an intermediate step to genetic resistance.
Deadlock-free fault-tolerant routing in injured hypercubes (1993)

Wormhole routing with the e-cube algorithm is an excellent solution for deadlock-free interprocess communication in healthy hypercubes. However, it does not work for injured hypercubes where some nodes and/or links are faulty. The authors propose a new deadlock-free routing scheme in an injured hypercube with the wormhole routing capability. All previously proposed schemes suggest the use of virtual channels to avoid the cycle of resource dependency. By contrast, the authors' scheme is based on the re-establishment of a routing path to the destination, but it does not always yield a shortest path between the source and destination. The proposed routing scheme uses either wormhole routing or staged routing, depending on the availability of one or more healthy (n-2)-cubes within an injured n-cube.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving visual-conformal displays for helicopter guidance (2013)

A new layout of visual-conformal display for helicopter guidance is presented. It offers a clearer graphics of a helmet-mounted display system that can enhance guidance technology to improve safety of helicopter missions.
Binding of Neomycin-Class Aminoglycoside Antibiotics to Mutant Ribosomes with Alterations in the A Site of 16S rRNA (2006)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics that bind to the aminoacyl-tRNA site (A site) of the ribosome are composed of a common neamine core in which a glycopyranosyl ring is attached to position 4 of a 2-deoxystreptamine moiety. The core is further substituted by one (ribostamycin), two (neomycin and paromomycin), or three (lividomycin A) additional sugars attached to position 5 of the 2-deoxystreptamine. To study the role of rings III, IV, and V in aminoglycoside binding, we used isogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis DeltarrnB mutants carrying homogeneous populations of mutant ribosomes with alterations in the 16S rRNA A site. MICs were determined to investigate drug-ribosome interactions, and the results were compared with that of the previously published crystal structure of paromomycin bound to the ribosomal A site. Our analysis demonstrates that the stacking interaction between ring I and G1491 is largely sequence independent, that rings III and IV each increase the strength of drug binding to the ribosome, that ring IV of the 6'-NH3+ aminoglycosides compensates for loss of interactions between ring II and U1495 and between ring III and G1491, that the aminoglycosides rely on pseudo-base pairing between ring I and A1408 for binding independently of the number of sugar rings attached to the neamine core, that addition of ring V to the 6'-OH 4,5-aminoglycoside paromomycin does not alter the mode of binding, and that alteration of the U1406.U1495 wobble base pair to the Watson-Crick interaction pair 1406C-1495G yields ribosomal drug susceptibilities to 4,5-aminoglycosides comparable to those seen with the wild-type A site.