gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Deep Learning for Delineation of Visible Cadastral Boundaries from Remote Sensing Imagery (2019)

Cadastral boundaries are often demarcated by objects that are visible in remote sensing imagery. Indirect surveying relies on the delineation of visible parcel boundaries from such images. Despite advances in automated detection and localization of objects from images, indirect surveying is rarely automated and relies on manual on-screen delineation. We have previously introduced a boundary delineation workflow, comprising image segmentation, boundary classification and interactive delineation that we applied on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data to delineate roads. In this study, we improve each of these steps. For image segmentation, we remove the need to reduce the image resolution and we limit over-segmentation by reducing the number of segment lines by 80% through filtering. For boundary classification, we show how Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be used for boundary line classification, thereby eliminating the previous need for Random Forest (RF) feature generation and thus achieving 71% accuracy. For interactive delineation, we develop additional and more intuitive delineation functionalities that cover more application cases. We test our approach on more varied and larger data sets by applying it to UAV and aerial imagery of 0.02–0.25 m resolution from Kenya, Rwanda and Ethiopia. We show that it is more effective in terms of clicks and time compared to manual delineation for parcels surrounded by visible boundaries. Strongest advantages are obtained for rural scenes delineated from aerial imagery, where the delineation effort per parcel requires 38% less time and 80% fewer clicks compared to manual delineation.
The SAR evaluation method by a combination of thermographic experiments and biological tissue-equivalent phantoms (2000)

Many different phantoms have been proposed as human head models for experimental estimation of the electromagnetic energy field induced in the human head caused by the use of an RF device. Here, a biotic tissue-equivalent solid phantom is introduced as the human head model realizing the same relative dielectric constant and conductivity as brain tissue and skull layer. This brain-equivalent solid phantom and skull-equivalent phantom make it possible to accomplish highly reliable and precise estimation of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human head. The phantom models of cube, sphere, and realistic human heads are fabricated. Measurements are performed to estimate the SAR in the human head models exposed to microwave sources by using the thermographic method.
Impaired Modulation of Corticospinal Excitability in Drug-Free Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Theta-Burst Stimulation Study (2019)

Impaired neural plasticity may be an important mechanism in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Coupled with electromyography (EMG), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a useful tool to evaluate corticospinal excitability and cortical neuroplasticity in living humans. The goal of this study was to compare rTMS-induced cortical plasticity changes in patients with MDD and in healthy volunteers. In this single-blind controlled study, 11 drug-free patients with MDD and 11 matched healthy controls were analyzed. Cortical excitability, measured by the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) evoked by single-pulse TMS, was assessed before and repeatedly after (for 30 min) participants received a single session of intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) and continuous TBS (cTBS). rTMS was applied over the left motor cortex using a neuronavigation system. Intensity was set at 80% of the active motor threshold (AMT). A large interindividual variability was observed after both iTBS and cTBS in the two groups. At the group level, we observed impaired iTBS-induced neuroplasticity in patients with MDD compared to that in controls. No differences were observed between the groups regarding cTBS-induced neuroplasticity. Our results suggest impaired long-term potentiation (LTP)-like mechanisms in MDD. <b>Clinical Trial Registration</b>: www.Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier #NCT02438163.
Batch crystallization of a photochemical: Modeling, control, and filtration (1998)

Abstract Model identification and control were studied for the seeded batch crystallization of an organic, industrial photochemical. The growth and nucleation kinetics are described by empirical power‐law expressions in relative supersaturation, and an additional model describing crystal shape dynamics is proposed. The parameters in the kinetic models are estimated from on‐line measurements of solute concentration and transmittance. Parameter uncertainty is assessed, and optimal experimental design techniques are used to construct experiments to diminish uncertainty. Given the identified model, optimal open‐loop temperature schedules are designed to improve the filtration of final‐time slurries. The profiles minimize the mass of nucleated crystal relative to seed crystal mass, subject to supersaturation and yield constraints. Filtration improvements are verified using constant pressure filtration tests to determine the flow resistance of the filter cake. The best control experiment gives a cake resistance 25% lower than the best identification experiment.
ImmunoPET and biodistribution with human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 targeting antibody<sup>89</sup>Zr-RG7116 (2014)

The humanized monoclonal antibody with high affinity for the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 3, RG7116, is a glycoengineered, IgG1 class antibody. By labeling RG7116 with zirconium-89 ((89)Zr) we aimed to visualize in vivo HER3 expression and study the biodistribution of this antibody in human tumor-bearing mice. Biodistribution of (89)Zr-RG7116 was studied in subcutaneously xenografted FaDu tumor cells (HER3-positive). Dose-dependency of (89)Zr-RG7116 organ distribution and specific tumor uptake was assessed by administering doses ranging from 0.05 to 10 mg/kg RG7116 to SCID/Beige mice. Biodistribution was analyzed at 24 and 144 h after injection. MicroPET imaging was performed at 1, 3, and 6 days after injection of 1.0 mg/kg (89)Zr-RG7116 in the FaDu, H441, QG-56 and Calu-1 xenografts with varying HER3 expression. The excised tumors were analyzed for HER3 expression. Biodistribution analyses showed a dose- and time-dependent (89)Zr-RG7116 tumor uptake in FaDu tumors. The highest tumor uptake of (89)Zr-RG7116 was observed in the 0.05 mg/kg dose group with 27.5%ID/g at 144 h after tracer injection. MicroPET imaging revealed specific tumor uptake of (89)Zr-RG7116 in FaDu and H441 models with an increase in tumor uptake over time. Biodistribution data was consistent with the microPET findings in FaDu, H441, QG56 and Calu-1 xenografts, which correlated with HER3 expression levels. In conclusion, (89)Zr-RG7116 specifically accumulates in HER3 expressing tumors. PET imaging with this tracer provides real-time non-invasive information about RG7116 distribution, tumor targeting and tumor HER3 expression levels.
Highest Resolution Topography of 433 Eros and Implications for MUSES-C (2003)

The highest resolution observations of surface morphology and topography at asteroid 433 Eros were obtained by the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker spacecraft on 12 February 2001, as it landed within a ponded deposit on Eros. Coordinated observations were obtained by the imager and the laser rangefinder, at best image resolution of 1 cm/pixel and best topographic resolution of 0.4 m. The NEAR landing datasets provide unique information on rock size and height distributions and regolith processes. Rocks and soil can be distinguished photometrically, suggesting that bare rock is indeed exposed. The NEAR landing data are the only data at sufficient resolution to be relevant to hazard assessment on future landed missions to asteroids, such as the MUSES-C mission which will land on asteroid 25143 (1998 SF36) in order to obtain samples. In a typical region just outside the pond where NEAR landed, the areal coverage by resolved positive topographic features is 18%. At least one topographic feature in the vicinity of the NEAR landing site would have been hazardous for a spacecraft.
Highway Surface Distress Inspection Using Remote Sensing (2004)

An automated in-situ road surface distress inspection and management system is developed on the basis of remote sensing and geographic information management technique within a GIS framework. ArcGIS platform is implemented to integrate the routines of image processing and spatial analysis in handling the full-scale metropolitan highway surface distress detection and data fusion/management. This makes it possible to present user-friendly interfaces, to incorporate GPS and remote sensing techniques in GIS and to provide efficient visualizations of surveyed results not only for the use of transportation engineers to manage road inspection documentations, data acquisition, analysis and management, but also for financial officials to plan maintenance and repair programs and further evaluate economic impacts of highway degradation and deterioration.
Scalable parametrizable SMP system core architecture (2002)

The levels of scalability and architecture of scalable parametrizable shared memory symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system core are considered. Proposed scalable parametrizable SMP system architecture is intended for creation ASIC optimised for source algorithm. Based on proposed architecture high-level ASIC synthesis tools are presented. The proposed high-level synthesis tools allow to create custom ASIC which bases on programming language algorithm description.
Advances in Chemical Amplification Resist Systems (1992)

The chemical amplification concept proposed in 1982 to boost resist sensitivities is now well accepted by the lithography community, which stems not only from high sensitivities that chemical amplification resist systems can offer but also from additional benefits of high contrasts and unexpectedly high resolution capabilities. The design flexibility and versatility that the use of acid as a catalytic species offers are another attractive feature of chemical amplification, giving rise to a birth of an entire family of advanced resist systems. Manufacture and prototype fabrication of DRAM's by deep UV lithography have been accomplished with use of chemical amplification resists. However, some process problems uniquely associated with chemical amplification resists have surfaced recently, which include their latent image instability due to their sensitivity toward minute amounts of air-borne contaminants. This paper reviews recent advances made in our laboratory in the field of chemical amplification resist systems and discusses 1) influence of residual casting solvent on absorption of NMP by polymer films, 2) effects of polymer end groups on resist sensitivity, and 3) new imaging mechanisms based on acid-catalyzed dehydration.
Consequences of the loss of O‐linked glycosylation of meningococcal type IV pilin on piliation and pilus‐mediated adhesion (1998)

Pili, which are assembled from protein subunits called pilin, are indispensable for the adhesion of capsulated Neisseria meningitidis (MC) to eukaryotic cells. Both MC and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) pilins are glycosylated, but the effect of this modification is unknown. In GC, a galactose alpha-1,3-N-acetyl glucosamine is O-linked to Ser-63, whereas in MC, an O-linked trisaccharide is present between residues 45 and 73 of pilin. As Ser-63 was found to be conserved in pilin variants from different strains, it was replaced by Ala in two MC variants to test the possible role of this residue in pilin glycosylation and modulation of pili function. The mutated alleles were stably expressed in MC, and the proteins they encoded migrated more quickly than the normal protein during SDS-PAGE. As controls, neighbouring Asn-61 and Ser-62 were replaced by an Ala with no effect on electrophoretic mobility. Silver staining of purified pilin obtained from MC after oxidation with periodic acid confirmed the loss of glycosylation in the Ser-63-->Ala pilin variants. Mass spectrometry of HPLC-purified trypsin-digested peptides of pilin and Ser-63-->Ala pilin confirmed that peptide 45-73 has the molecular size of a glycopeptide in the wild type. In strains producing non-glycosylated pilin variants, we observed that (i) no truncated S pilin monomer was produced; (ii) piliation was slightly increased; and (iii) presumably as a consequence, adhesiveness for epithelial cells was increased 1.6- to twofold in these derivatives. In addition, pilin monomers and/or individual pilus fibres, obtained after solubilization of a crude pili preparation in a high pH buffer, were reassociated into insoluble aggregates of pili more completely with non-glycosylated variants than with the normal pilin. Taken together, these data eliminate a major role for pilin glycosylation in piliation and subsequent pilus-mediated adhesion, but they demonstrate that glycosylation facilitates solubilization of pilin monomers and/or individual pilus fibres.
Discordant QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test Results Among US Healthcare Workers With Increased Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Problem or Solution? (2008)

The extreme discordance between the results of our clinical diagnostic algorithm and the results of QFT-G testing raises concern about the sensitivity of the QFT-G assay for detection of LTBI in our HCWs. Results of extended stimulation assays suggest that many of our IR HCWs have indeed been sensitized to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is possible that the QFT-G assay identifies those at higher reactivation risk rather than all previously infected, but, in the absence of long-term follow-up data, we should interpret negative QFT-G results with some caution.
Adoptive immunotherapy of malignant glioma using tumor-sensitized T lymphocytes (1997)

Malignant glioma remains one disease for which there is no curative therapy. Clearly there is a need to explore new and innovative approaches for their treatment. In this report, we review our preclinical trial of a new adoptive immunotherapy protocol using cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which had been sensitized to glioma in vivo and then activated and their number expanded ex vivo using compounds which enhance signal transduction. These glioma-sensitized lymphocytes, when introduced systemically into rats with either an intracerebral or intradermal glioma, eradicated or slowed the progression of their tumor. These results indicate for the first time that a reproducible and sustained eradication of a malignant glioma could be achieved by the adoptive transfer of tumor-sensitized, ex vivo expanded CTL. A Phase I clinical trial is now underway to test the safety and potential efficacy of this immunotherapy in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.
Status quo and future prospects for metallized polypropylene energy storage capacitors (2002)

The most important polymer film used in commercial capacitors is biaxially oriented polypropylene. Other materials, such as polyester or paper, are also used for selfhealing metallized capacitors, depending on the application. Capacitors manufactured with polypropylene have the big advantage of being less expensive than other materials, and have a very low equivalent series resistance (ESR), due to the propylene-repeating group, which results in a regular polymer chain. Electrical breakdown behavior will be analyzed in order to improve the electric field stress. Performance versus energy density will be investigated as well. We will give an overview of new proposals in the field of films, considering their reported better dielectric and mechanical performance.
Bacterial Modes of Action for Enhancing of Plant Growth (2016)

The greatest issue affecting the sustainability of broad acre cropping both environmentally and economically is the requirement of fertilizers. These are based on mined phosphorous or other mineral ores, ammonia produced through the Harbour-Bosch process and industrially manufactured potash. As global demand for fertilizers increases, the costs associated with the production for each of these major nutrients increases. Biofertilizers such as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a possible biotechnology that could alleviate the need for addition of increasing amounts of fertilizers. These bacteria naturally occur in soils and aggressively colonize around plant roots and have been shown to have plant growth promoting effects. PGPB are known to influence plant growth by various direct and indirect mechanisms; while some can affect plant physiology directly by mimicking synthesis of plant hormones, others increase mineral availability and nitrogen content in soil. Here we review the previously characterized modes of action for enhancement of plant growth by PGPB such as nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization and production of auxins and enzymes, as well as discussing more recent proposed modes of action such as secondary metabolites.
An Efficient Pseudonymous Authentication Scheme With Strong Privacy Preservation for Vehicular Communications (2010)

In this paper, we propose an efficient pseudonymous authentication scheme with strong privacy preservation (PASS), for vehicular communications. Unlike traditional pseudonymous authentication schemes, the size of the certificate revocation list (CRL) in PASS is linear with the number of revoked vehicles and unrelated to how many pseudonymous certificates are held by the revoked vehicles. PASS supports the roadside unit (RSU)-aided distributed certificate service that allows the vehicles to update certificates on road, but the service overhead is almost unrelated to the number of updated certificates. Furthermore, PASS provides strong privacy preservation to the vehicles so that the adversaries cannot trace any vehicle, even though all RSUs have been compromised. Extensive simulations demonstrate that PASS outperforms previously reported schemes in terms of the revocation cost and the certificate updating overhead.
Deep Learning and Its Applications to Signal and Information Processing (2011)

Today, signal processing research has a significantly widened its scope compared with just a few years ago [4], and machine learning has been an important technical area of the signal processing society. Since 2006, deep learning—a new area of machine learning research—has emerged [7], impacting a wide range of signal and information processing work within the traditional and the new, widened scopes. Various workshops, such as the 2009 ICML Workshop on Learning Feature Hierarchies; the 2008 NIPS Deep Learning Workshop: Foundations and Future Directions; and the 2009 NIPS Workshop on Deep Learning for Speech Recognition and Related Applications as well as an upcoming special issue on deep learning for speech and language processing in IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing (2010) have been devoted exclusively to deep learning and its applications to classical signal processing areas. We have also seen the government sponsor research on deep learning.
Johnson‐Lindenstrauss lemma for circulant matrices** (2011)

Abstract We prove a variant of a Johnson‐Lindenstrauss lemma for matrices with circulant structure. This approach allows to minimize the randomness used, is easy to implement and provides good running times. The price to be paid is the higher dimension of the target space k = O (ε −2 log 3 n ) instead of the classical bound k = O (ε −2 log n ). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011
Low-voltage ZnO thin-film transistors with high-KBi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 gate insulator for transparent and flexible electronics (2005)

We report on the fabrication of field-effect transistors with transparent oxide semiconductor ZnO serving as the electron channel and high-KBi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 (BZN) as the gate insulator. The devices exhibited very low operation voltages (&lt;4V) due to high capacitance of the BZN dielectric. The field effect mobility and the current on/off ratio were 0.024cm2∕Vs and 2×104, respectively, at an operating voltage of 4 V. The threshold voltage and subthreshold swing were 2 V and 0.25V∕dec, respectively. The high optical transparency (&gt;80% for wavelength &gt;400nm), low-temperature processing, and low operation voltage of ZnO-based thin-film transistors with integrated BZN dielectric offer a promising route for the development of transparent and flexible electronics.
Combination of a leadless pacemaker and subcutaneous defibrillator: First in-human report (2015)

Although transvenous pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) have long been the standard of care, they are not without significant drawbacks. In recent years, major advances have been achieved in leadless pacemaker technology1 and entirely subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) systems2 that obviate intracardiac leads and hence carry the potential to reduce associated complications. Unlike standard ICDs, the S-ICD is devoid of antibradycardia pacing capabilities. Nevertheless, certain patients, such as those lacking vascular access for transvenous lead insertion, may benefit from leadless devices with both pacing and ICD functions.
Comparison of Predicted Induction Dose with Predetermined Physiologic Characteristics of Patients and With Pharmacokinetic Models Incorporating those Characteristics as Covariates (2003)

The prediction of induction dose from physiologic characteristics of patients provides reasonable accuracy at both high and low administration rates of propofol. A previously reported pharmacokinetic model that incorporated patient characteristics provides the same accurate induction dose at a low rate.
Comparison of the combustion characteristics of gasoline and gasoline–ethanol blend under gasoline compression ignition mode (2022)

In this study, conventional gasoline with a RON of 95 and gasoline–ethanol blend (20% ethanol in volume [E20]) were experimentally compared in terms of combustion characteristics and performance. First, second injection timing (SOI2) was investigated to study combustion characteristics while maintaining the dilution level at 25%. In this part, two fuels with high octane numbers were used to investigate the influence of ethanol on combustion characteristics under gasoline compression ignition (GCI) mode. The in-cylinder pressure and heat-release rate (HRR) indicated that the fueling of the engine with E20 leads to the maximum peak pressure and easier position of maximum HRR in comparison with pure gasoline in all cases of the second injection. The main HRR curve of E20 moves closer to the top dead center (TDC) compared with that of gasoline. This HRR behavior indicates that the overall HRR of E20 is more compact than that of gasoline. Second, SOI2 was fixed at two cases of −6, −3 crank angle degree (CAD) after TDC (ATDC), charge dilution and boosted pressure were investigated to study the sensitivity of dilution on combustion characteristics with gasoline–ethanol blend fuel. The in-cylinder pressure and HRR indicated a two-stage combustion phenomenon for a low dilution ratio (from 0% to 15%) and a single stage with a peak at approximately 5–6 CAD ATDC at high dilution.