gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Syntheses of the Flindersial Alkaloids (2013)

Abstract Review: 14 refs.
Structure of the Amino-Terminal Protein Interaction Domain of STAT-4 (1998)

STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) are a family of transcription factors that are specifically activated to regulate gene transcription when cells encounter cytokines and growth factors. The crystal structure of an NH2-terminal conserved domain (N-domain) comprising the first 123 residues of STAT-4 was determined at 1.45 angstroms. The domain consists of eight helices that are assembled into a hook-like structure. The N-domain has been implicated in several protein-protein interactions affecting transcription, and it enables dimerized STAT molecules to polymerize and to bind DNA cooperatively. The structure shows that N-domains can interact through an extensive interface formed by polar interactions across one face of the hook. Mutagenesis of an invariant tryptophan residue at the heart of this interface abolished cooperative DNA binding by the full-length protein in vitro and reduced the transcriptional response after cytokine stimulation in vivo.
Sensorless estimation of the pumping process characteristics by a frequency converter (2013)

Energy consumption in pumping systems is affected by the surrounding process. As frequency converters allow sensorless estimation of the pump operating state, they can also be used for the process characteristics identification. In this paper, two frequency-converter-based methods to identify process characteristics are proposed, and the start-up test method is more closely studied by laboratory tests.
Comparison of the implementation options of a summation function in high speed continuous-time sigma-delta ADCs (2015)

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with large signal bandwidth (BW) and high resolution are needed for communication applications, e.g. base-station receivers. The continuous-time (CT) sigma-delta ADC [1] is a promising candidate for such applications because of its simple resistive input and inherent anti-aliasing filtering. In the design of high-speed CT sigma-delta ADC, the delay of the comparator and feedback DAC, which is referred to as excess loop delay (ELD), should be compensated with an extra high-speed feedback path [2]. A summation function of the ELD compensation feedback signal and the feed-forward signal from the loop filter’s output needs to be implemented. This poster will show a comparison between two possible circuit-level approaches for this summation function – current summation [3] and capacitive summation. The purpose of this research is to compare both approaches mainly with respect to accuracy, power efficiency, and circuit complexity. To make a fair and quantitative comparison, an ideal register transfer level (RTL) 3rd-order 1bit CT sigma-delta ADC with several GSample/s sampling rate is synthesized and used as a common test bench. Both current and capacitive summation methods are implemented at transistor-level and optimized for the same resolution and signal bandwidth targets. Circuit-level non-idealities such as parasitic capacitance and mismatch are considered. The power consumption of both methods is analyzed and optimized for the same resolution target. Simulation results show that both methods can meet the resolution target, but for this speed and resolution current summation has a better power efficiency.
A method for variable quantization in JPEG for improved text quality in compound documents (2002)

In this paper we present a JPEG-compliant method for the efficient variable quantization of compound documents. By measuring DCT activity in each of the 8/spl times/8 blocks, our scheme automatically detects the image parts and text parts of a document and adjusts the quantization scaling factors so that text blocks are compressed at higher quality than image blocks. Experimental results from three different quantization schemes are also reported.
Synchronized Estrus and Fertility of Beef Cows after Weaning Calves for Short Intervals2 (1986)

In Exp. 1, the objective was to determine if interval of separating calves from cows (24 or 48 h) immediately before insemination affects detection and precision of estrus and pregnancy rates of lactating beef cows implanted with norgestomet. Separation of calves from cows for 24 h (n = 418) lengthened intervals to estrus, did not affect precision of estrus, reduced success of detecting estrus and lowered pregnancy rates relative to positive controls (48 h separation, n = 508). Cows with poor body condition, and not suckled for 24 h, conceived at lower rates than cows with similar condition that were not suckled for 48 h. Adverse effects of separation for only 24 h on fertility are apparently due to inadequate intervals between estrus and insemination at 48 h after removing implants. In Exp. 2, the objective was to determine effects of separating calves from cows for 48 h immediately before insemination on detection and precision of estrus and on pregnancy rate of ovulatory lactating beef cows injected twice with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). Weaning increased detection of estrus but overall pregnancy rates did not differ between suckled (n = 256) and nonsuckled (n = 221) cows. But, weaning calves improved pregnancy rates of young (2 to 3 yr) cows and reduced fertility among middle (4 to 6 yr)-aged cows. Increased pregnancy rates after weaning calves for 48 h are due largely to greater detection of estrus and inseminating more cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Determination Method of Weibull Shape Parameter for Evaluation of the Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of High Strength Steel (2001)

An experimental method to obtain the shape parameter m in the Weibull stress for evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) was examined in a commercial JIS SCM440 steel with the tensile strength of 1403 MPa. The stepwise HE tests were performed by using circumferentially notched round-bar specimens with the stress concentration factor of 4.9 after hydrogen pre-charging and homogenization treatments. The applied stress of the first step loading was set at 702 MPa and the stress increment from the second step was 14 MPa. The holding time was over 12 h for the first step and over 2 h for each step from the second step. It was conformed by acoustic emission measurement that the first cracking and final fracture occurred in the same step. The diffusible hydrogen content was measured by thermal desorption analysis immediately after fracture. The distribution of stress and hydrogen content near notch root was calculated by FE-analysis. By this procedure, it was able to obtain the distribution of critical Weibull stress under the condition that the local diffusible hydrogen content in fracture process zone was constant. The shape parameter m was determined to be 46 for the present steel. In the discussion part, it was confirmed that the evaluation of the HE susceptibility based on the local approach is appropriate and it was pointed out that the hydrogen content distribution in the fracture process zone must be taken into account for evaluating the HE.
Dynamic interaction graphs with probabilistic edge decay (2015)

A large scale network of social interactions, such as mentions in Twitter, can often be modeled as a “dynamic interaction graph” in which new interactions (edges) are continually added over time. Existing systems for extracting timely insights from such graphs are based on either a cumulative “snapshot” model or a “sliding window” model. The former model does not sufficiently emphasize recent interactions. The latter model abruptly forgets past interactions, leading to discontinuities in which, e.g., the graph analysis completely ignores historically important influencers who have temporarily gone dormant. We introduce TIDE, a distributed system for analyzing dynamic graphs that employs a new “probabilistic edge decay” (PED) model. In this model, the graph analysis algorithm of interest is applied at each time step to one or more graphs obtained as samples from the current “snapshot” graph that comprises all interactions that have occurred so far. The probability that a given edge of the snapshot graph is included in a sample decays over time according to a user specified decay function. The PED model allows controlled trade-offs between recency and continuity, and allows existing analysis algorithms for static graphs to be applied to dynamic graphs essentially without change. For the important class of exponential decay functions, we provide efficient methods that leverage past samples to incrementally generate new samples as time advances. We also exploit the large degree of overlap between samples to reduce memory consumption from O(N) to O(logN) when maintaining N sample graphs. Finally, we provide bulk-execution methods for applying graph algorithms to multiple sample graphs simultaneously without requiring any changes to existing graph-processing APIs. Experiments on a real Twitter dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our TIDE prototype, which is built on top of the Spark distributed computing framework.
Optimal placement of sequentially ordered virtual security appliances in the cloud (2015)

Traditional enterprise network security is based on the deployment of security appliances placed on some specific locations filtering, monitoring the traffic going through them. In this perspective, security appliances are chained in specific order to perform different security functions on the traffic. In the cloud, the same approach is often adopted using virtual security appliances to protect traffic for different virtual applications with the challenge of dealing with the flexible and elastic nature of the cloud. In this paper, we investigate the problem of placing virtual security appliances within the data center in order to minimize network latency and computing costs for security functions while maintaining the required sequential order of traversing virtual security appliances. We propose a new algorithm computing the best place to deploy these virtual security appliances in the data center. We further integrated our placement algorithm in an open source cloud framework, i.e. Openstack, in our test laboratory. The preliminary results show that we are placing the virtual security appliances in the required sequential order while improving the efficiency compared to the current default placement algorithm in Openstack.
Method of drilling a deviated wellbore (1986)

In order to study the subunit composition of 5-HT3 receptors (5-HT3R), we report that (2-aminoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) can enhance the function of both nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) comprised of alpha4/beta2 subunits, and heteromeric channels assembled from serotonin 5-HT3R and alpha4 nAChR subunits. MTSEA has no effect on homomeric 5-HT3 receptor channels.
Efficient Nd-doped glass-ceramic fiber laser (2000)

Summary form only given. It has recently been shown that it is possible to make glass-ceramic single-mode optical fibers without significantly increasing the scattering loss, despite the presence of small (typically <10-nm diameter) crystals embedded within the core of the single-mode optical fiber. Furthermore the strong partitioning of rare-earth ions into the crystalline phase opens up the attractive possibility of combining the spectroscopic properties of rare-earth-doped crystals with the robustness of glass fiber technology. The optical fibers used are made by a double crucible technique from glasses with compositions containing, 30SiO/sub 2/-15AlO/sub 3/2/-29CdF/sub 2/-17PbF/sub 2/-4YF/sub 3/ and were doped with 500-ppm NdF/sub 3/. The fiber core diameter is around 5 micron.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 3,4-Dihydroquinolin-2(1<i>H</i>)-one and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline-Based Selective Human Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Inhibitors (2011)

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitors are effective in preclinical models of many neurological disorders. In this study, two related series of compounds, 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, containing a 6-substituted thiophene amidine group were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human nitric oxide synthase (NOS). A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study led to the identification of a number of potent and selective nNOS inhibitors. Furthermore, a few representative compounds were shown to possess druglike properties, features that are often difficult to achieve when designing nNOS inhibitors. Compound (S)-35, with excellent potency and selectivity for nNOS, was shown to fully reverse thermal hyperalgesia when given to rats at a dose of 30 mg/kg intraperitonieally (ip) in the L5/L6 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain (Chung model). In addition, this compound reduced tactile hyperesthesia (allodynia) after oral administration (30 mg/kg) in a rat model of dural inflammation relevant to migraine pain.
Paramagnetic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Novel Platform for the Development of Molecular MRI Probes (2013)

Highly efficient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes have been prepared by loading Gd(III) complexes on the surface of solid lipid nanoparticles (pSLNs). Applicability as molecular imaging probes is demonstrated by an in vitro model study with targeted pSLNs.
A NEW CELL CLONE DERIVED FROM <i>TRICHOPLUSIA NI</i> TN5B1–4 CELLS (2004)

Abstract The characteristics of a cultured cell line do not always remain stable and may change upon continuous passage. Most continuous cell lines, even after cloning, possess several genotypes that are constantly changing. There are numerous selective and adaptive culture processes, in addition to genetic instability, that may improve phenotypic change in cell growth, virus susceptibility, gene expression, and production of virus. Similar detrimental effects of long term passaging of insect cells have also been reported for continuous cell lines, for example, Tn5B1–4 cells, which are the most widely used for the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), provide superior production of recombinant proteins, however, this high productivity may be more evident in low passage cells. In this paper, we describe the isolation of a cell clone, Tn5B‐40, from low passage Tn5B1–4 cells. The growth characteristics, productions of virus, and high level of recombinant protein productions were determined. The results showed the susceptibility of both clone and Tn5B1–4 cells to wild‐type AcNPV was approximately the same rate with over 95% of infection; when the cloned cells were infected with recombinant baculoviruses expressing ß ‐galactosidase and secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), expression of the recombinant proteins from the cloned cells exceeded that from the parental Tn5B1–4 cells.
Switching characteristics of an asymmetrical complementary 4H-SiC gate turn-off (GTO) thyristor (2002)

The switching characteristics of 4H-SiC asymmetric GTO thyristors are studied and compared to Si-based IGBTs, MCTs and MOSFETs. Forward current density, turn-off time and forward blocking voltage parameters are matched for the various switching devices. From the measurements, the necessary parameters were extracted to develop a simple PSPICE circuit model for the SiC GTO. The simulated response of the model is compared to the experimental response of the device.
Improving parallel imaging by jointly reconstructing multi‐contrast data (2018)

JVC-GRAPPA takes advantage of additional spatial encoding from phase information and image similarity, and employs different sampling patterns across acquisitions. J-LORAKS achieves a more parsimonious low-rank representation of local k-space by considering multiple images as additional coils. Both approaches provide dramatic improvement in artifact and noise mitigation over conventional single-contrast parallel imaging reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 80:619-632, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Quantitative profiling of caspase-cleaved substrates reveals different drug-induced and cell-type patterns in apoptosis (2012)

Proapoptotic drugs are a mainstay of cancer drug treatment. These drugs stress cells and ultimately trigger the activation of caspases, cysteine-class proteases that cleave after aspartic acid and deconstruct the cell. It is well known that cells respond differently to proapoptotic cancer drug treatments. Here, using a global and unbiased quantitative N-terminomics technology, we show that ~500 products of caspase cleavage and their kinetics vary dramatically between cell type and cytotoxic drug treatment. It is likely that variations arise from differences in baseline proteome composition of the cell type and the alterations induced by drug treatments to yield a unique cohort of proteins that caspases finally target. Many targets are specific to both drug treatment and cell type, providing candidate-specific biomarkers for apoptosis. For example, in multiple myeloma cells treated with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, levels of activating transcription factor-4 increase dramatically early in drug treatment and then decrease upon cleavage by activated caspases. Thus, caspase-derived cleavage products are a sensitive reflection of cell-type and drug-induced stress, and provide useful fingerprints for mechanisms of drug action and response.
Removal of artifacts from JPEG compressed document images (2007)

We present a segmentation-based post-processing method to remove compression artifacts from JPEG compressed document images. JPEG compressed images typically exhibit ringing and blocking artifacts, which can be objectionable to the viewer above certain compression levels. The ringing is more dominant around textual regions while the blocking is more visible in natural images. Despite extensive research, reducing these artifacts in an effective manner still remains challenging. Document images are often segmented for various reasons. As a result, the segmentation information in many instances is available without requiring additional computation. We have developed a low computational cost method to reduce ringing and blocking artifacts for segmented document images. The method assumes the textual parts and pictorial regions in the document have been separated from each other by an automatic segmentation technique. It performs simple image processing techniques to clean out ringing and blocking artifacts from these regions.
Revisiting the layout decomposition problem for double patterning lithography (2008)

In double patterning lithography (DPL) layout decomposition for 45nm and below process nodes, two features must be assigned opposite colors (corresponding to different exposures) if their spacing is less than the minimum coloring spacing.<sup>5, 11, 14</sup> However, there exist pattern configurations for which pattern features separated by less than the minimum coloring spacing cannot be assigned different colors. In such cases, DPL requires that a layout feature be split into two parts. We address this problem using a layout decomposition algorithm that incorporates integer linear programming (ILP), phase conflict detection (PCD), and node-deletion bipartization (NDB) methods. We evaluate our approach on both real-world and artificially generated testcases in 45nm technology. Experimental results show that our proposed layout decomposition method effectively decomposes given layouts to satisfy the key goals of minimized line-ends and maximized overlap margin. There are no design rule violations in the final decomposed layout. While we have previously reported other facets of our research on DPL pattern decomposition,6 the present paper differs from that work in the following key respects: (1) instead of detecting conflict cycles and splitting nodes in conflict cycles to achieve graph bipartization,<sup>6</sup> we split all nodes of the conflict graph at all feasible dividing points and then formulate a problem of bipartization by ILP, PCD<sup>8 </sup>and NDB<sup>9</sup> methods; and (2) instead of reporting unresolvable conflict cycles, we report the number of deleted conflict edges to more accurately capture the needed design changes in the experimental results.
A design of Reed-Solomon decoder with systolic-array structure (1995)

This brief contribution proposes a new class of systolic-arrays to perform Binary Reed-Solomon (RS) decoding procedures including erasure correction. Such RS decoder is suitable for VLSI implementation since the arrays consist of simple processing elements of the same type.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three-Dimensional Imaging and ProcessingUsing Computational Holographic Imaging (2006)

Digital holography is a technique that permits digital capture of holograms and subsequent processing on a digital computer. This paper reviews various applications of this technique. The presented applications cover three-dimensional (3-D) imaging as well as several associated problems. For the case of 3-D imaging, optical and digital methods to reconstruct and visualize the recorded objects are described. In addition, techniques to compress and encrypt 3-D information in the form of digital holograms are presented. Lastly, 3-D pattern recognition applications of digital holography are discussed. The described techniques constitute a comprehensive approach to 3-D imaging and processing.
Tunable micro-aspherical lens manipulated by 2D electrostatic forces (2005)

A novel method to manipulate or fabricate an aspherical micro lens from photo curable polymer is proposed. Two dimensional forces, produced by electro-wetting and electrostatic forces, were applied to shape polymer liquid from a hemisphere into a paraboloid or near cone shape. As a result, the Strehl ratio for this lens can be varied from 0.0076, in the spherical shape, into 0.8362, in the near paraboloid shape, suitable for optical applications desiring lenses with high numerical apertures and resolution.
Video-Based FLame Detection for the Protection of Cultural Heritage (2013)

The majority of cultural heritage and archaeological sites, especially in the Mediterranean region, are covered with vegetation, which increases the risk of fires. These fires may also break out and spread towards nearby forests and other wooded land, or conversely start in nearby forests and spread to archaeological sites. Beyond taking precautionary measures to avoid a forest fire, early warning and immediate response to a fire breakout are the only ways to avoid great losses and environmental and cultural heritage damages. The use of terrestrial systems, typically based on video cameras, is currently the most promising solution for advanced automatic wildfire surveillance and monitoring due to its low cost and short response time. Early and accurate detection and localization of flame is an essential requirement of these systems, however, it remains a challenging issue due to the fact that many natural objects have similar characteristics with fire. This paper presents and compares three video-based flame detection techniques, which were developed within the FIRESENSE EU research project, taking into account the chaotic and complex nature of the fire phenomenon and the large variations of flame appearance in video. Experimental results show that the proposed methods provide high fire detection rates with reasonable false alarm ratios.