gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hygromorphic Polymers: Synthesis, Retro-Michael Reaction, and Humidity-Driven Actuation of Ester–Sulfonyl Polyimides and Thermally Derived Copolyimides (2016)

With a view toward broadening the adaptive capability of polyimide-based systems that have been shown to be mechanically responsive to light, heat, and thermal-electrical stimuli, a simple diamine containing a highly polar ester–sulfonyl (ES) pendant was synthesized via a two-step route. It was polymerized with five common dianhydrides in N-methylpyrrolidinone to afford poly(amic acid), PAA, solutions, which were subsequently converted to a series of amorphous polyimides containing ester–sulfonyl (−CH2CH2SO2Me) pendants, generically designated as PI-ES, by either chemical imidization at room temperature in the same pot or heat treatment of PAA cast film at 175 °C. The chemically imidized polyimide films are tough and creasable, but the thermally imidized ones are brittle because of much lower molecular weights (GPC results). In addition, a series of thermally derived copolymers designated as PI-ES:A, which contains ES and carboxylic acid (A) pendants, were prepared from PI-ES via a retro-Michael reaction at 250 °C, in which A was formed from ES pendant with the concomitant expulsion of vinyl methyl sulfone molecule. For various comparison purposes, the homopolymers, PI-A containing 100% A pendant and nonfunctional PI-N (i.e., without any stimuli-responders), were also prepared from their respective dianhydrido and diamino monomers. In addition to physical/mechanical characterization by FTIR, thermal analysis, WAXD, and DMA, the thin films of PI-ES, PI-A, and PI-ES:A have shown remarkable locomotion and beam-like oscillation under gradient (nonequilibrium) conditions created by humidity (or methanol vapor) while the PI-N, Ultem, and Nafion films were nonresponsive under the same conditions. While the state-of-the-art humidity-driven actuators have illustrated the innovative bilayer designs and clever utilization of responsive polymeric and nanocomposite systems, in which ionic moieties play the critical role in hosting the water molecules, this work shows that a simple, wholly covalent, and amorphous polymer in monolithic form can be hygromorphic and motile, and specifically this newly found humidity-gradient responsivity would enhance the functional versatility of polyimides.
Flow-based computing on nanoscale crossbars: Design and implementation of full adders (2016)

We present the design and implementation of a full adder circuit that exploits the natural flow of current through nanowires and More-than-Moore nano-devices in two dimensional crossbars. We evaluate the speed and energy efficiency of our design and compare it to equivalent one-bit adder designs using CMOS and nanoscale memristors. Our memristive full adder circuit has been shown to be an order of magnitude faster and more energy-efficient than equivalent CMOS designs. Our circuit is an order of magnitude more compact that equivalent CMOS designs. We also argue that our design occupies less area and is faster than competing memristor designs.
Graph-based power-efficient beam sweep for initial synchronization (2016)

This paper addresses the problem of initial synchronization of users in an indoor mm-Wave scenario. By using a massive number of antenna elements at access nodes, the resulting beams have narrow beamwidth. However, the transmission of individual narrow beams may cause poor coverage in some areas as the energy is concentrated over the direction of their main lobes. To cope with that, a beam sweep procedure using phased arrays is adopted. Access nodes simultaneously transmit individual beams until a certain area of interest is thoroughly scanned. The goal is to find the minimum power setting by adjusting the individual power levels so that users over the scanned area can observe a minimum received power level. The problem is formulated as a total consumed power minimization, suitably modeled for the standard min-sum algorithm. The proposed graph-based algorithm features some modifications in the message computation to decrease computational complexity, and adopts a random message-passing scheduling to deal with convergence issues. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm usually outperforms a baseline iterative one, consuming about 13% less power in a typical simulation setup adopted.
Towards Dynamic Risk Management: Success Likelihood of Ongoing Attacks (2012)

The proliferation of sophisticated cyberattacks, coupled with the steady growth of information and communication technology (ICT) systems in size and complexity, provides motivation for continuous improvements in security management. For day-to-day operation, security officers and administrators need an effective response (or decision aid) system to handle ongoing cyberattacks. Effective countermeasures must minimize the risks induced by these attacks, noting that the risk is evaluated as a function of the success likelihood and the impact of an attack. In this paper, we demonstrate how to dynamically calculate the success likelihood (SL) for an ongoing attack by considering the progress of an attacker towards his objective. Afterwards, we present a response/decision aid system based on the SL metric. Finally, we present the Success Likelihood Assessment Module (SLAM), which implements and highlights the relevance of our work for real time security management. This paper focuses on the operational aspects of a security by design approach. © 2012 Alcatel-Lucent.
Using Robotic Testing System to Investigate ACL Reconstructions in Restoring the Normal Knee Joint Biomechanics: Experience at Harvard Medical School (2011)

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a debilitating injury associated with various complications such as joint instability, meniscal injury and chronically may lead to osteoarthritis. ACL is believed to be the primary restraint to anterior translation and axial rotation. However, few studies have investigated the alterations to the other degrees of freedom kinematics due to ACL deficiency. ACL reconstruction has been widely accepted to be the standard of care for patients who sustain an ACL rupture to minimize the risk of the complications mentioned above. Widely practiced surgical techniques have yet to prove their efficacy in comprehensively restoring the normal knee joint function. Sub-optimal performance of the conventional single bundle ACL reconstruction has sparked a renewed interest in anatomical reconstruction and alterations to the conventional techniques.
Commercialization of a Novel Fermentation Concept (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Robust Location Tag Generation from Noisy Location Data for Security Applications (2009)

Location-based security service provides authorization of
persons or facilities based on their distinctive location
information. It applies the field of position navigation
and time (PNT) to the provision of security. Location
parameters from radio navigation signals are mapped into
a location verification tag or geotag to block or allow
certain actions or access.

Loran and Wi-Fi are chosen as case studies because of
their good properties that are beneficial to location-based
security services. The achievable performance and the
security of the system are determined by the quantity and
quality of location features. By quantity, we mean the
total number of different (independent) location
dependent measurements available. By quality, we mean
that amount of unique location dependent information and
its consistency provided by each parameter that can be used to generate a robust location tag. It is desirable to
have the parameters be relatively insensitivity to temporal
changes which weaken the uniqueness of the information.
As a result, repeatability and repeatable accuracy are the
fundamental requirement for any location-based security
service.

In this paper we propose fuzzy extractor scheme to
generate strong location tag from noisy location data. A
fuzzy extractor is an algorithm that can reliably extract
desired information from input, and is error tolerant in the
sense that this information will be the same even if the
input changes. We develop different constructions of
fuzzy extractor for various parameter distance measures:
Euclidean and Hamming metrics. A combination use of
the constructions will produce a more robust location tag.
In addition, we mathematically analyze the entropy loss
of the fuzzy extractor and study how to choose optimal
design parameters under the tradeoff.
Preclinical Safety of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Supporting Clinical Trials in Spinal Cord Injury (2015)

These results supported initiation of a Phase I clinical trial in patients with sensorimotor complete thoracic SCI.
WWVB time signal broadcast: an enhanced broadcast format and multi-mode receiver (2014)

WWVB is a broadcast station, operated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which has been broadcasting time information to radio-controlled clocks (RCC) throughout the continental US since 1965. The transmitted information includes the year (excluding the century), day, hour, minute, and notifications for leap seconds and for daylight saving time (DST) transitions. By receiving this information from WWVB, RCCs can acquire and maintain accurate timing and automatically adjust for DST transitions and leap seconds. The legacy amplitude modulation (AM)-based broadcast format, introduced in the 1960s, while allowing for a simple implementation of a receiver with the technology of that era, exhibits low efficiency. Consequently, RCCs based on it often fail to receive reliably, particularly in locations that are distant from the station, such as on the East Coast. To improve the station's coverage, an enhanced broadcast format, based on the addition of phase modulation (PM), was deployed in 2012. This article presents an overview of this new broadcast format and its enhanced features, including its modulation scheme, information encoding, channel coding, and transmission modes. These features enable more reliable receiver performance and greater time-keeping accuracy at reduced power consumption. Additionally, various challenges and considerations associated with the design of receivers for the new broadcast format are presented.
Methods for measuring the power linearity of microwave detectors for radiometric applications (2002)

This paper discusses and presents experimental results on methods for measuring the power linearity of microwave power detectors to the levels required for radiometric applications. Three methods for measuring detector power linearity are discussed: the two-tone method, the amplitude modulation method, and the constant ratio method. The theory of determining coefficients which characterize the nonlinearity of the detector from experimental data is presented. Experimental results are presented showing that the two-tone method and the constant ratio method agree within experimental error. The difficulties encountered in implementing each of these methods are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Task-driven source–detector trajectories in cone-beam computed tomography: I. Theory and methods (2019)

We develop a mathematical framework for the design of orbital trajectories that are optimal to a particular imaging task (or tasks) in advanced cone-beam computed tomography systems that have the capability of general source-detector positioning. The framework allows various parameterizations of the orbit as well as constraints based on imaging system capabilities. To accommodate nonstandard system geometries, a model-based iterative reconstruction method is applied. Such algorithms generally complicate the assessment and prediction of reconstructed image properties; however, we leverage efficient implementations of analytical predictors of local noise and spatial resolution that incorporate dependencies of the reconstruction algorithm on patient anatomy, x-ray technique, and geometry. These image property predictors serve as inputs to a task-based performance metric defined by detectability index, which is optimized with respect to the orbital parameters of data acquisition. We investigate the framework of the task-driven trajectory design in several examples to examine the dependence of optimal source-detector trajectories on the imaging task (or tasks), including location and spatial-frequency dependence. A variety of multitask objectives are also investigated, and the advantages to imaging performance are quantified in simulation studies.
Development of Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter for the Control of Diesel Engine Emissions (2008)

A catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) was prepared based on Corning cordierite wall flow filter substrate. A high surface area precious metal/base metal catalyst was deposited on the filter substrate. the deposition of catalyst generates negligible pressure drop. Lab testing shows that the CDPF has high activity for the oxidation of CO and hydrocarbon and low activity for the oxidation of SO2. the catalyst is very active for the oxidation of diesel soot. the CPDF has balance point temperature of 350°C as tested on 5.5KW Lister Petter LPA2 diesel engine genset with the use of federal diesel fuel. Presence of high surface area coating layer enhances the activity for CO, hydrocarbon and soot oxidation and the thermal stability of the catalyst.
7‐Substituted‐[1, 4]dioxano[2, 3‐<i>g</i>]quinazolines as Inhibitors of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase (2002)

With the aim of developing inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase, the 7-methoxymethyl-[1,4]dioxano[2,3-g]quinazolines (3a-b) and 7-mono- or di-alkylaminomethyl-[1,4]dioxano[2,3-g]quinazolines (4a-i) were prepared and evaluated for the inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase and the growth inhibition of human tumor cell lines. Among them, compounds 4d and 4h showed potencies against both EGFR tyrosine and the A431 cell line similar to that of PD153035 with greater aqueous solubilities of their HCl salts.
Analysis of a Novel P-Order Metric UWB Receiver Structure with Improved Performance in Multiple Access Interference (2007)

Two ultra-wide bandwidth receiver structures based on a p-order metric receiver decision statistic are investigated for the detection of time-hopping ultra-wide bandwidth wireless signals in multiple access interference channels. A receiver with adaptive metric order outperforms both the conventional matched Alter and the soft-limiting ultra-wide bandwidth receiver in multiple access interference. The second new receiver with adaptive metric order and adaptive limiting threshold achieves the best known performance of any ultra-wide bandwidth receivers employing a repetition code in all operating conditions. A new Rake receiver design based on the p-order metric receiver is proposed for signal detection in multipath channels. Mathematical analysis shows that this new Rake receiver can achieve larger signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio than the standard matched filter Rake receiver when multipath components are resolvable in UWB channels.
Integrated Generator-Rectifier Co-Design for Offshore Wind Turbines (2020)

Harvesting offshore wind energy conventionally relies on multi-megawatt direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous generators equipped with full-power-rated active rectifiers. Functional integration of the generator and rectifier has led to the creation of an integrated generator-rectifier system with higher efficiency, reliability and power density. In this architecture, power electronics weight and efficiency depend on the generator inductance, while at the same time, the generator design must be optimized for weight and efficiency to realize the potential system-level benefits. This paper proposes a framework using the generator per-unit reactance as a handshake variable to co-design the generator and power electronics. The design approach enables the reduction of the system weight and conversion losses by 25% and 61%, respectively, for a 10-MW system. Using conservative assumptions, economic and reliability assessments show a 4.5% increase in annual energy production, a 9x reduction in long-term failure rate, and a 6.5% decrease in levelized cost of electricity.
Additive Engineering for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (2019)

Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached a certified 25.2% efficiency in 2019 due to their high absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long diffusion length, and tunable direct bandgap. However, due to the nature of solution processing and rapid crystal growth of perovskite thin films, a variety of defects can form as a result of the precursor compositions and processing conditions. The use of additives can affect perovskite crystallization and film formation, defect passivation in the bulk and/or at the surface, as well as influence the interface tuning of structure and energetics. Here, recent progress in additive engineering during perovskite film formation is discussed according to the following common categories: Lewis acid (e.g., metal cations, fullerene derivatives), Lewis base based on the donor type (e.g., O‐donor, S‐donor, and N‐donor), ammonium salts, low‐dimensional perovskites, and ionic liquid. Various additive‐assisted strategies for interface optimization are then summarized; additives include modifiers to improve electron‐ and hole‐transport layers as well as those to modify perovskite surface properties. Finally, an outlook is provided on research trends with respect to additive engineering in PSC development.
Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Choline Kinase Identified by Fragment-Based Drug Discovery (2015)

Choline kinase α (ChoKα) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of phospholipids and thereby plays key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation, and human carcinogenesis. Since several inhibitors of ChoKα display antiproliferative activity in both cellular and animal models, this novel oncogene has recently gained interest as a promising small molecule target for cancer therapy. Here we summarize our efforts to further validate ChoKα as an oncogenic target and explore the activity of novel small molecule inhibitors of ChoKα. Starting from weakly binding fragments, we describe a structure based lead discovery approach, which resulted in novel highly potent inhibitors of ChoKα. In cancer cell lines, our lead compounds exhibit a dose-dependent decrease of phosphocholine, inhibition of cell growth, and induction of apoptosis at low micromolar concentrations. The druglike lead series presented here is optimizable for improvements in cellular potency, drug target residence time, and pharmacokinetic parameters. These inhibitors may be utilized not only to further validate ChoKα as antioncogenic target but also as novel chemical matter that may lead to antitumor agents that specifically interfere with cancer cell metabolism.
Current progress on farnesyl protein transferase inhibitors. (2002)

The hypothesis that the inhibition of farnesyl protein transferase (FPTase) may be beneficial in the treatment of certain cancers is finally being clinically tested. The efforts of almost a decade of preclinical research have resulted in several new chemical entities that are currently undergoing phase I, II or III clinical trials. The number of compounds being tested is small and disproportionate given the amount of effort by a large number of organizations in targeting FPTase. The three compounds, BMS-214662 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), R-115777 (Janssen Pharmaceutica BV) and Sch-66336 (Schering-Plough Research Institute) are the most advanced. While initial results with these three candidate drugs are encouraging, it is disappointing that the clinical efficacy of many other candidates has been less successful. In this review, we summarize the clinical and preclinical data published in 2001, and discuss the natural product inhibitors reported between 1998 to 2001. In addition, a comprehensive history of the FPTase inhibitory discovery effort at Merck, from CAAX tetrapeptides to peptidomimetics to macrocyclic compounds, is summarized for the first time.
<b>KAS IV: a 3‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase from</b><i><b>Cuphea sp</b></i><b>. is a medium chain specific condensing enzyme</b> (1998)

cDNA clones encoding a novel 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) have been isolated from Cuphea. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme is different from the previously characterized classes of KASs, designated KAS I and III, and similar to those designated as KAS II. To define the acyl chain specificity of this enzyme, we generated transgenic Brassica plants over-expressing the cDNA encoded protein in a seed specific manner. Expression of this enzyme in transgenic Brassica seeds which normally do not produce medium chain fatty acids does not result in any detectable modification of the fatty acid profile. However, co-expression of the Cuphea KAS with medium chain specific thioesterases, capable of production of either 12:0 or 8:0/10:0 fatty acids in seed oil, strongly enhances the levels of these medium chain fatty acids as compared with seed oil of plants expressing the thioesterases alone. By contrast, co-expression of the Cuphea KAS along with an 18:0/18.1-ACP thioesterase does not result in any detectable modification of the fatty acids. These data indicate that the Cuphea KAS reported here has a different acyl-chain specificity to the previously characterized KAS I, II and III. Therefore, we designate this enzyme KAS IV, a medium chain specific condensing enzyme.
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Outpatient Worsening of Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (2020)

In DAPA-HF, outpatient episodes of HF worsening were common, were of prognostic importance, and were reduced by dapagliflozin. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT03036124.
Extended side chain analogues of 8-aminoquinolines: Synthesis and evaluation of antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, β-hematin inhibition, and cytotoxic activities (2011)

We report the synthesis of double, triple and quadruple extended side chain analogues of the antimalarial drug primaquine and some other 8-aminoquinolines. The synthesized analogues have exhibited potent antimalarial activities in vitro against both the drug-sensitive D6 strain (IC50 = 0.19–0.92 μg mL−1) and the drug-resistant W2 strain (IC50 = 0.12–0.82 μg mL−1) of P. falciparum and in vivo against drug-sensitive P. berghei infected mice (100% curative at 25 mg kg−1 day−1, and resulted in either 4/6 or 5/6 cures at 10 mg kg−1 day−1) for the most promising structures. These analogues were also found to be free of cytotoxic effects at the highest test concentration of 23.8 μg mL−1 in a panel consisting of six cell lines. The promising 8-aminoquinolines inhibited β-hematin (IC50 = 9.6–20.8 μM) in vitro underlining the disruption of the heme catabolism pathway in the malaria parasite as their potential biochemical pathway for antimalarial action. The analogues also displayed potent antileishmanial activities in vitro against L. donovani promastigotes (IC50 = 1.6–32 μg mL−1; IC90 = 4–40 μg mL−1) and moderate in vitro antimicrobial activities against a panel of bacteria and fungi.
MONOCHROMATIC X-RAY AND XUV IMAGING WITH MULTILAYER OPTICS (1988)

The development of techniques for the fabrication of multilayer coated mirrors which can function as energy selective X-ray and XUV mirrors at normal incidence has greatly expanded the options available to the astronomical spectroscopist. We have developed a rocket spectroheliograph which utilizes multilayer optics in three configurations : i) As Cassegrain telescopes for imaging at 256 Å (He II) and 173 Å (Fe IX, X ) ; ii) As tertiary mirrors used with a conventional Wolter I telescope for imaging at 44 Å (Si XI, XII), 173 Å, and 256 Å ; iii) As off-axis spherical mirrors for imaging at 44 Å and 256 Å. We report on laboratory images and performance measurements obtained with these optical systems, and briefly on Solar Observations.