gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescent solar concentrators 2: Experimental and theoretical analysis of their possible efficiencies (1981)

Experimental techniques are developed to determine the applicability of a particular luminescing center for use in a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC). The relevant steady-state characteristics of eighteen common organic laser dyes are given. The relative spectral homogeneity of such dyes are shown to depend upon the surrounding material using narrowband laser excitation. We developed three independent techniques for measuring self-absorption rates; these are time-resolved emission, steady-state polarization anisotropy, and spectral convolution. Preliminary dye degradation and prototype efficiency measurements are included. Finally, we give simple relationships relating the efficiency and gain of an LSC to key spectroscopic parameters of its constituents.
HDRL: Homogeneous Dual-Rail Logic for DPA Attack Resistive Secure Circuit Design (2012)

Differential power analysis (DPA) attacks find the correlation between power consumption and secret data in crypto-hardware. This letter proposes homogeneous dual-rail logic (HDRL), a standard cell DPA attack countermeasure that theoretically guarantees fully balanced power consumption and significantly improves DPA attack resistivity. Our experimental results on the AES S-Box circuit show that HDRL successfully prevents DPA attacks in all cases.
Graphene field-effect transistors with self-aligned gates (2010)

We present a device fabrication process that produces graphene-based field-effect transistors with self-aligned gates. This process utilizes the inherent nucleation inhibition of atomic-layer-deposited films with the graphene surface to achieve electrical isolation of the gate electrode from the source/drain electrodes while maintaining electrical access to the graphene channel. Self-alignment produces access lengths of 15–20 nm, which allows for improved device stability, performance, and a minimal normalized contact resistance of 540 Ω μm.
Large magnetoresistance in three dimensionally ordered macroporous perovskite manganites prepared by a colloidal templating method (2004)

Macroporous perovskite manganites La0.7Ca0.3−xSrxMnO3, whose pores are highly ordered, have been prepared by a colloidal templating technique. The pore size was found to be about 400 nm and the wall thickness was in the range of 40–60 nm. As the Sr content increased, the ferromagnetic transition temperature (TC) gradually rose to 350 K. The x = 0.1 sample exhibited a metal–insulator transition near TC. A large negative magnetoresistance (MR), which was independent of temperature, was also observed below TC. The large MR might be ascribed to spin polarized tunneling at the nano-sized grain boundaries.
Attribute domain discovery for hidden web databases (2011)

Many web databases are hidden behind restrictive form-like interfaces which may or may not provide domain information for an attribute. When attribute domains are not available, domain discovery becomes a critical challenge facing the application of a broad range of existing techniques on third-party analytical and mash-up applications over hidden databases. In this paper, we consider the problem of domain discovery over a hidden database through its web interface. We prove that for any database schema, an achievability guarantee on domain discovery can be made based solely upon the interface design. We also develop novel techniques which provide effective guarantees on the comprehensiveness of domain discovery. We present theoretical analysis and extensive experiments to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
FPGAs with Multidimensional Switch Topology (2005)

This manuscript proposes an FPGA by embedding a multidimensional switch topology onto a two-dimensional chip. We show, using Rent's Rule, that this procedure reduces the number of switches. Then we propose the actual procedure and demonstrate that this does not increase metal wire density critically.
Cucurbit[<i>n</i>]uril Formation Proceeds by Step-Growth Cyclo-oligomerization (2008)

In contrast to the high yield formation of cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) from a 1:2 ratio of glycoluril to formaldehyde, the condensation of glycoluril with less than 2 equiv of formaldehyde delivers a reaction mixture that contains glycoluril oligomers (2-6) and CB[n] compounds that lack one or more methylene bridges known as nor-seco-cucurbit[n]urils (ns-CB[n]). In this paper we report the chromatographic purification of C-shaped glycoluril oligomers (dimer-hexamer), their characterization in solution, and their X-ray crystal structures. Quite interestingly, despite being acyclic glycoluril pentamer 5 and hexamer 6 retain the ability to bind to guests typical of CB[6] but are also able to expand their cavity to accommodate larger guests like cationic adamantane derivatives. We performed product resubmission experiments with glycoluril oligomers 2-6 and found preferences for the formation of specific ring sizes during CB[n] formation. A comprehensive mechanistic scheme is proposed that accounts for the observed formation of 2-6 and ns-CB[n]. Overall, the experiments establish that a step-growth cyclo-oligomerization process operates during CB[n] formation.
Supporting Privacy of Computations in Mobile Big Data Systems (2016)

Cloud computing systems enable clients to rent and share computing resources of third party platforms, and have gained widespread use in recent years. Numerous varieties of mobile, small-scale devices such as smartphones, red e-health devices, etc., across users, are connected to one another through the massive internetwork of vastly powerful servers on the cloud. While mobile devices store “private information” of users such as location, payment, health data, etc., they may also contribute “semi-public information” (which may include crowdsourced data such as transit, traffic, nearby points of interests, etc.) for data analytics. In such a scenario, a mobile device may seek to obtain the result of a computation, which may depend on its private inputs, crowdsourced data from other mobile devices, and/or any “public inputs” from other servers on the Internet. We demonstrate a new method of delegating real-world computations of resource-constrained mobile clients using an encrypted program known as the garbled circuit. Using the garbled version of a mobile client’s inputs, a server in the cloud executes the garbled circuit and returns the resulting garbled outputs. Our system assures privacy of the mobile client’s input data and output of the computation, and also enables the client to verify that the evaluator actually performed the computation. We analyze the complexity of our system. We measure the time taken to construct the garbled circuit as well as evaluate it for varying number of servers. Using real-world data, we evaluate our system for a practical, privacy preserving search application that locates the nearest point of interest for the mobile client to demonstrate feasibility.
Convolutional neural network based deep-learning architecture for prostate cancer detection on multiparametric magnetic resonance images (2017)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths in men. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is the most accurate imaging method for PCa detection; however, it requires the expertise of experienced radiologists leading to inconsistency across readers of varying experience. To increase inter-reader agreement and sensitivity, we developed a computer-aided detection (CAD) system that can automatically detect lesions on mpMRI that readers can use as a reference. We investigated a convolutional neural network based deep-learing (DCNN) architecture to find an improved solution for PCa detection on mpMRI. We adopted a network architecture from a state-of-the-art edge detector that takes an image as an input and produces an image probability map. Two-fold cross validation along with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and free-response ROC (FROC) were used to determine our deep-learning based prostate-CAD’s (CADDL) performance. The efficacy was compared to an existing prostate CAD system that is based on hand-crafted features, which was evaluated on the same test-set. CADDL had an 86% detection rate at 20% false-positive rate while the top-down learning CAD had 80% detection rate at the same false-positive rate, which translated to 94% and 85% detection rate at 10 false-positives per patient on the FROC. A CNN based CAD is able to detect cancerous lesions on mpMRI of the prostate with results comparable to an existing prostate-CAD showing potential for further development.
Estimation of 24-h Sodium Excretion From a Spot Urine Sample Using Chloride and Creatinine Dipsticks (2010)

The dipstick method appears promising as a convenient and inexpensive means to serially assess sodium excretion.
A Patch Antenna with Liquid Crystal Elastomer Switching for Passive RFID Temperature Sensing (2019)

The antenna design presented here supports a new generation of battery-free RFID sensing technology in which the antenna element dynamically conforms to the changing environment in a controlled manner. Specifically, we propose a sensing antenna that reversibly and repeatedly switches operating frequencies from 905MHz to 923.5 MHz based on a temperature threshold crossing. The developed antenna is a patch antenna matched to an RFID IC and integrated with a customized slot. The antenna shifts its operating frequency by using a novel thermal responsive polymer or Liquid Crystal Elastomer (LCE) which is programmable and operates reversibly. Furthermore, 4D printed LCE structures are to be coupled with an Ultra Subminiature Mechanical Switch (USMS) which shorts the slot when the LCE is activated. Finally, as the thermal excitation is removed, the switch returns to the open state. The short and open states of the switch will enable the frequency shift of the antenna structure. In this paper, the methodology of the frequency shift in the patch antenna and the novel LCE switch mechanism are described through simulation and measurements.
Retraction: Human Regulatory T Cells Require IL-35 To Mediate Suppression and Infectious Tolerance (2013)

We wish to retract the article titled “Human Regulatory T Cells Require IL-35 To Mediate Suppression and Infectious Tolerance” by Vandana Chaturvedi, Lauren W. Collison, Clifford S. Guy, Creg J. Workman, and Dario A. A. Vignali, The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: [6661–6666][1].

A recent
A Buck-Boost Series Partial Power Converter using a Three-Port Structure for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (2021)

This paper explores a novel three-port series-partial-power converter structure to enable electric vehicle (EV) fast chargers. Besides handling a fraction of the power being delivered to the battery, the converter provides both step up and step down of its output voltage, hence being able to interface legacy 400-V as well as state-of-the-art 800-V EVs. Compared to existing partial power converters with both buck and boost capability, the proposed three-port structure is shown to be able to operate over a wider range of operation. Simulation results show the effectivness of the proposed converter, reaching 98.65% maximum efficiency. The proposed topology is finally verified to be an interesting alternative for the dc-dc stages in EV charging stations.
Turning of Basal Plane Dislocations during Epitaxial Growth on 4° Off-Axis 4H-SiC (2009)

Epitaxial layers were grown on 4° off-axis 4H-SiC substrates by hot-wall chemical vapor deposition. The reduced off-cut angle resulted in lower basal plane dislocation (BPD) densities. The dependence of BPD reduction on growth conditions was investigated using ultraviolet photoluminescence (UVPL) imaging. With this method, it was found that the dislocations were converting to threading edge dislocations throughout the thickness of the film. A high (≥ 97%) conversion efficiency was found for all films grown with this orientation. A conversion of 100% was achieved for several films without pre-growth treatments or growth interrupts.
Clinical Application of an Automatic Slice-Alignment Method for Cardiac MR Imaging (2014)

The proposed method can provide planes within the clinically acceptable range and within a short time in cardiac imaging of patients with various cardiac shapes and diseases without the need for high level operator proficiency in performing the examination and interpreting results.
A New Method for Etching Surfaces of Bearings and Other Machine Elements (1980)

The method relates to the production of shallow recesses in surfaces by etching. Recesses in metal surfaces are particularly suitable for use in sliding bearings for rotating components and in some other machine elements. Frequently, such recesses have a depth of 10 microns or more and are made in the form of intricate groove patterns on curved surfaces. According to the new method, etching fluid is caused to flow by means of a flow guiding template onto areas determined by this template along the surface to be etched. The etching rate on the areas to be etched is controlled by adjustment of the flow velocity of the etching fluid and the slit height of the flow guiding template. The recesses or grooves are deeper when the flow velocity of the etching fluid and the slit height are both higher. The paper gives a brief description of the new etching method and a comparison with other fabrication methods such as photochemical etching and electro-chemical machining. The new method appears to be preferable to others for large series production. The paper concludes with theoretical work in which the etching process is explained in terms of mass transfer by connective diffusion and with some experimental results using a simplified flow guiding template design.
Characterization of Bacillus licheniformis B1 ${\beta}$-1,4-Glucanase Overproduced in Escherichia coli (2010)

-1,4-glucanase was 40°C. The enzyme still had 76% maximal activity at 60°C. The optimal pH of the enzyme was 7. The enzyme retained considerable activities over the weak-acidic, neutral, and weak-basic pH range. Acidic fungal cellulases are used in food, detergent, pulp, paper, textile industries. However, studies about neutral and alkaline cellulase are not enough. The cellulase developed in this study may be useful for industrial applications in the fields of biofuel development.Keywords: B. licheniformis,
Broadband four-wave mixing generation in shortoptical fibres (2000)

Several advantages of using a short length of fibre to generate broadband four-wave mixing are proposed and verified using wavelength conversion experiments for different lengths of a previously developed high-nonlinearity fibre with a nonlinear coefficient of 13.8 W-1km-1. Consequently, 91.3 nm broadband simultaneous wavelength conversion is demonstrated using a 100 m long section of the developed fibre.
Quantum-engineered interband cascade photovoltaic devices (2013)

Quantum-engineered multiple stage photovoltaic (PV) devices are explored based on InAs/GaSb/AlSb interband cascade (IC) structures. These ICPV devices employ multiple discrete absorbers that are connected in series by widebandgap unipolar barriers using type-II heterostructure interfaces for facilitating carrier transport between cascade stages similar to IC lasers. The discrete architecture is beneficial for improving the collection efficiency and for spectral splitting by utilizing absorbers with different bandgaps. As such, the photo-voltages from each individual cascade stage in an ICPV device add together, creating a high overall open-circuit voltage, similar to conventional multi-junction tandem solar cells. Furthermore, photo-generated carriers can be collected with nearly 100% efficiency in each stage. This is because the carriers travel over only a single cascade stage, designed to be shorter than a typical diffusion length. The approach is of significant importance for operation at high temperatures where the diffusion length is reduced. Here, we will present our recent progress in the study of ICPV devices, which includes the demonstration of ICPV devices at room temperature and above with narrow bandgaps (e.g. 0.23 eV) and high open-circuit voltages.
Cellular automata enabling novel fast shape recognition for muon tomography (2009)

We present a novel and detailed algorithm for enabling passive muon tomography systems to be used for 3-D threat object recognition in real-time. Our method makes use of characteristic changes of the Hamming distance curve derived from Cellular Automata rules converted into a novel Data Model form. We show that fragmented and noisy shape images can be adequately processed and recognized without resorting to morphological or traditional template matching approaches. The approach is general and has utility in other target/shape recognition and imaging applications.
Targeting the Receptor-G <sub>q</sub> Interface to Inhibit in Vivo Pressure Overload Myocardial Hypertrophy (1998)

Hormones and neurotransmitters may mediate common responses through receptors that couple to the same class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein. For example, several receptors that couple to Gq class proteins can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Class-specific inhibition of Gq-mediated signaling was produced in the hearts of transgenic mice by targeted expression of a carboxyl-terminal peptide of the alpha subunit Galphaq. When pressure overload was surgically induced, the transgenic mice developed significantly less ventricular hypertrophy than control animals. The data demonstrate the role of myocardial Gq in the initiation of myocardial hypertrophy and indicate a possible strategy for preventing pathophysiological signaling by simultaneously blocking multiple receptors coupled to Gq.
The wheat <i>Sr22</i> , <i>Sr33</i> , <i>Sr35</i> and <i>Sr45</i> genes confer resistance against stem rust in barley (2018)

Summary In the last 20 years, stem rust caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici ( Pgt ), has re-emerged as a major threat to wheat and barley cultivation in Africa and Europe. In contrast to wheat with 82 designated stem rust ( Sr ) resistance genes, barley’s genetic variation for stem rust resistance is very narrow with only seven resistance genes genetically identified. Of these, only one locus consisting of two genes is effective against Ug99, a strain of Pgt which emerged in Uganda in 1999 and has since spread to much of East Africa and parts of the Middle East. The objective of this study was to assess the functionality, in barley, of cloned wheat Sr genes effective against Ug99. Sr22 , Sr33 , Sr35 and Sr45 were transformed into barley cv. Golden Promise using Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. All four genes were found to confer effective stem rust resistance. The barley transgenics remained susceptible to the barley leaf rust pathogen Puccinia hordei , indicating that the resistance conferred by these wheat Sr genes was specific for Pgt . Cloned Sr genes from wheat are therefore a potential source of resistance against wheat stem rust in barley.
Simultaneous imaging of the topography and dynamic properties of nanomechanical systems by optical beam deflection microscopy (2011)

We present an optical microscopy technique based on the scanning of a laser beam across the surface of a sample and the measurement of the deflection of the reflected laser beam in two dimensions. The technique is intended for characterization of nanomechanical systems. It provides the height of a nanomechanical system with sub-nanometer vertical resolution. In addition, it simultaneously provides a complete map of the resonant properties. We demonstrate the capability of the technique by analyzing the residual stress and vibration mode shape of a system consisting of two elastically coupled nanocantilevers. The technique is simple, allows imaging in air, vacuum and liquids, and it is unique in providing synchronized information of the static and dynamic out-of-plane displacement of nanomechanical systems.
Using Focused Plenoptic Cameras for Rich Image Capture (2010)

This approach uses a focused plenoptic camera to capture the plenoptic function's rich "non 3D" structure. It employs two techniques. The first simultaneously captures multiple exposures (or other aspects) based on a microlens array having an interleaved set of different filters. The second places multiple filters at the main lens aperture.
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: A Potential Medical Countermeasure to Mitigate Radiation-Induced Lung Injury in CBA/J Mice (2016)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) have a unique surface regenerative property and can efficiently control reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. To determine whether treatment with CNPs can mitigate the delayed effects of lung injury after acute radiation exposure, CBA/J mice were exposed to 15 Gy whole-thorax radiation. The animals were either treated with nanoparticles, CNP-18 and CNP-ME, delivered by intraperitoneal injection twice weekly for 4 weeks starting 2 h postirradiation or received radiation treatment alone. At the study's end point of 160 days, 90% of the irradiated mice treated with high-dose (10 μM) CNP-18 survived, compared to 10% of mice in the radiation-alone (P < 0.0001) and 30% in the low-dose (100 nM) CNP-18. Both low- and high-dose CNP-ME-treated irradiated mice showed increased survival rates of 40% compared to 10% in the radiation-alone group. Multiple lung functional parameters recorded by flow-ventilated whole-body plethysmography demonstrated that high-dose CNP-18 treatment had a significant radioprotective effect on lethal dose radiation-induced lung injury. Lung histology revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in structural damage and collagen deposition in mice treated with high-dose CNP-18 compared to the irradiated-alone mice. In addition, significant reductions in inflammatory response (P < 0.01) and vascular damage (P < 0.01) were observed in the high-dose CNP-18-treated group compared to irradiated-alone mice. Together, the findings from this preclinical efficacy study clearly demonstrate that CNPs have both clinically and histologically significant mitigating and protective effects on lethal dose radiation-induced lung injury.
Surface-mode behavior of air-core photonic-bandgap fibers (2004)

The relation between core size and surface modes in photonic-bandgap fibers is analyzed through numerical simulations. We present a simple criterion to predict the presence of surface modes and identify novel geometries that support no surface modes.
Roles of dietary inorganic nitrate in cardiovascular health and disease (2010)

Inorganic nitrate from dietary and endogenous sources is emerging as a substrate for in vivo generation of nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen oxides. Dietary amounts of nitrate clearly have robust NO-like effects in humans, including blood pressure reduction, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and vasoprotective activity. In animal models, nitrate protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injuries and several other types of cardiovascular disorders. In addition, nitrate most surprisingly decreases whole body oxygen cost during exercise with preserved or even enhanced maximal performance. Oxidative stress and reduced NO bioavailability are critically linked to development of hypertension and other forms of cardiovascular diseases. Mechanistically, a central target for the effects of nitrate and its reaction products seems to be the mitochondrion and modulation of oxidative stress. All in vivo effects of nitrate are achievable with amounts corresponding to a rich intake of vegetables, which are particularly rich in this anion. A theory is now emerging suggesting nitrate as an active component in vegetables contributing to the beneficial health effects of this food group, including protection against cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes.