gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic Distribution for GRE Tunnel Bonding (2016)

GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) Tunnel Bonding as an L3 overlay
tunneling mechanism is used for Hybrid Access (HA) bonding between
HCPE (Hybrid Customer Premises Equipment) and HAG (Hybrid Access
Gateway). The bonding performance depends upon the performance for
each individual link. This document specifies a trying overflow
mechanism to avoid the bonding performance downgrading due to the
situation that an individual link is disrupted or its quality
downgrages too much so that the bonding is no longer applicable.
Whole‐body continuously moving table fat–water MRI with dynamic B<sub>0</sub> shimming at 3 Tesla (2015)

A rapid and robust technique for whole-body fat-water quantification has been developed with CMT MRI with dynamic B0 field correction. Magn Reson Med 76:183-190, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Josephson tunnel junctions with ferromagnetic interlayer (2006)

Superconductivity and ferromagnetism are well-known physical properties of solid states that have been widely studied and long thought about as antagonistic phenomena due to difference in spin ordering. It turns out that the combination of both superconductor and ferromagnet leads to a very rich and interesting physics. One particular example, the phase oscillations of the superconducting order parameter inside the ferromagnet, will play a major role for the devices discussed in this work. In this thesis, I present Josephson junctions with a thin Al2O3 tunnel barrier and a ferromagnetic interlayer, i.e. superconductor-insulator-ferromagnet-superconductor (SIFS) stacks. The fabrication of junctions was optimized regarding the insulation of electrodes and the homogeneity of the current transport. The junctions were either in the 0 or pi coupled ground state, depending on the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer and on temperature. The influence of ferromagnetic layer thickness on the transport properties and the coupling (0, pi) of SIFS tunnel junctions was studied. Furthermore, using a stepped ferromagnetic layer with well-chosen thicknesses, I obtained the so-called 0-pi Josephson junction. At a certain temperature this 0-pi junction can be made perfectly symmetric. In this case the ground state corresponds to a vortex of supercurrent creating a magnetic flux which is a fraction of the magnetic flux quantum Phi_0. Such structures allow to study the physics of fractional vortices and to build various electronic circuits based on them. The SIFS junctions presented here have an exponentially vanishing damping at T--> 0. The SIFS technology developed within the framework of this work may be used to construct classical and quantum devices such as oscillators, memory cells and qubits.
Carnosic acid (2015)

Carnosic acid (salvin), which possesses antioxidative and antimicrobial properties, is increasingly exploited within the food, nutritional health and cosmetics industries. Since its first extraction from a Salvia species (∼70 years ago) and its identification (∼50 years ago), numerous articles and patents (∼400) have been published on specific food and medicinal applications of Rosmarinus and Salvia plant extracts abundant in carnosic acid. In contrast, relevant biochemical, physiological or molecular studies in planta have remained rare. In this overview, recent advances in understanding of carnosic acid distribution, biosynthesis, accumulation and role in planta, and its applications are summarised. We also discuss the deficiencies in our understanding of the relevant biochemical processes, and suggest the molecular targets of carnosic acid. Finally, future perspectives and studies related to its potential roles are highlighted.
An Analytical Approach for Machining Thin-walled Workpieces (2017)

An analytical approach is developed to predict the dynamic chip thickness variation in ending milling of thin-walled workpieces. The proposed model considers the mechanism of calculating the stiffness of removed material by the end- mill from the overall stiffness of the workpiece to work out the changing stiffness of the workpiece which in turn is used to determine the displacement occurring. The displacement of the workpiece influences the radial depth of cut and thus yields a dynamic variation. The generalized model of the volume of removed material is computed by considering the discrete axial depth of cut, the radial depth of cut and the circumferential section of the tool radius contact for each tool step taken. The features of this model cater for the helical tool geometry used. The stiffness of removed material is updated by subtraction from the overall stiffness of workpiece. The overall stiffness of the wall is updated by considering the removed material at each time step. The feedback of the displacement amplitude is linked with a cutting forces model to address the influence of the dynamic displacement of the workpiece from the acting chip load. The cutting forces is modeled based on the Oxley variable flow stress machining theory. The predictive capabilities of the proposed model are verified with the experimental results. The comparison of the results is encouraging and reasonable correlation is achieved.
Checkpoint allocation and release (2009)

Out-of-order speculative processors need a bookkeeping method to recover from incorrect speculation. In recent years, several microarchitectures that employ checkpoints have been proposed, either extending the reorder buffer or entirely replacing it. This work presents an in-dept-study of checkpointing in checkpoint-based microarchitectures, from the desired content of a checkpoint, via implementation trade-offs, and to checkpoint allocation and release policies. A major contribution of the article is a novel adaptive checkpoint allocation policy that outperforms known policies. The adaptive policy controls checkpoint allocation according to dynamic events, such as second-level cache misses and rollback history. It achieves 6.8% and 2.2% speedup for the integer and floating point benchmarks, respectively, and does not require a branch confidence estimator. The results show that the proposed adaptive policy achieves most of the potential of an oracle policy whose performance improvement is 9.8% and 3.9% for the integer and floating point benchmarks, respectively. We exploit known techniques for saving leakage power by adapting and applying them to checkpoint-based microarchitectures. The proposed applications combine to reduce the leakage power of the register file to about one half of its original value.
Osmotic repression of anaerobic metabolic systems in Escherichia coli (1993)

The influence of the osmolarity of the growth medium on anaerobic fermentation and nitrate respiratory pathways was analyzed. The levels of several enzymes, including formate dehydrogenase, hydrogenase, and nitrate reductase, plus a nickel uptake system were examined, as was the expression of the corresponding structural and regulatory genes. While some functions appear to be only moderately affected by an increase in osmolarity, others were found to vary considerably. An increase in the osmolarity of the medium inhibits both fermentation and anaerobic respiratory pathways, though in a more dramatic fashion for the former. fnr expression is affected by osmolarity, but the repression of anaerobic gene expression was shown to be independent of FNR regulatory protein, at least for hyd-17 and fdhF. This repression could be mediated by the intracellular concentration of potassium and is reversed by glycine betaine.
Psychoneuroimmunology (2008)

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a discipline that has evolved in the last 40 years to study the relationship between immunity, the endocrine system, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this manner, neurotransmitters, hormones, and neuropeptides have been found to regulate immune cells, and these in turn are capable of communicating with nervous tissue through the secretion of a wide variety of cytokines. Of critical importance is the effect of products of the CNS and nerves on the maintenance of the delicate balance between cell-mediated (Th1) and humoral (Th2) immune responses. A good example of how this concept operates in vivo becomes evident when analyzing the effects of stressors. Chronic stress affects significantly the function of the immune system as well as modifies the evolution of a variety of skin diseases, as psychosocial interventions have proved to be effective in their therapy.
T cells localized to the androgen‐deprived prostate are T<sub>H</sub>1 and T<sub>H</sub>17 biased (2011)

These observations suggest castration elicits a time-dependent prostate-specific T-cell infiltration, and this infiltration is likely mediated by effects of castration on prostate tissue rather than T-cells. These findings have implications for the timing of immunotherapies combined with androgen deprivation as treatments for prostate cancer.
Fall Detection: Threshold Analysis of Wrist-Worn Motion Sensor Signals (2020)

In this paper, we present a detection algorithm that accurately differentiates the event of a person falling from normal Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Our algorithm processes signals recorded from accelerometers and gyroscopes built into wearable activity monitoring devices such as smart watches that are worn on an individual’s wrist. Existing algorithms are accurate but imprecise, and rely too much on inconveniently-placed sensors. We propose a pipeline that improves precision without sacrificing accuracy and ease of use. We present the use of a combination of threshold-based and machine learning-based approaches to develop a refined fall-detection algorithm that builds upon previous research. Using various pre-processing techniques such as magnitude and acceleration change vectors, our model labels the varied activities into falls and ADLs using k-means clustering. Finally, we test the accuracy of these labels in a Support Vector Machine (SVM) binary classifier. Our hope, given the potential danger of injury resulting from a fall, is to create an accurate and precise fall detection algorithm that could be the precursor to an autonomous emergency alert system.
VMtorrent (2010)

Virtual Appliances (VAs) are Virtual Machines (VMs) geared towards a specific set of tasks. They require little or no configuration, working out-of-the-box. VAs fit neatly into the Cloud Computing paradigm - many copies of an identical machine can be launched in a data center, or home/business users can grab the appliance they need from the cloud to run locally just for so long as required. Companies and projects whose sole offerings are VAs ready for either desktop or data center use [3, 11] attest to the growing popularity of VAs. VMware's Appliance directory alone currently lists over 1400 VAs available for the VMware family of Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs) [13]. Current VA distribution generally requires download of the complete virtual disk image, only after which the VA can be run. Given that compressed VA sizes run anywhere from several hundred MB to a few GB, there can be significant delays from the time a user decides he/she wants to run a particular VA until the time that VA can be used. These problems are only exacerbated when demand for particular VAs spikes and server bandwidth resources become the distribution bottleneck.
Power and performance simulator: ESP and its application for 100 MIPS/W class RISC design (1994)

A new power and performance simulator, ESP (Early design Stage Power) is presented. With ESP, it becomes possible to do more precise optimization between power and performance in an early design stage. We applied it to a low-power RISC design and proved it useful for lower power design.
Dopamine as a Carbon Source: The Controlled Synthesis of Hollow Carbon Spheres and Yolk‐Structured Carbon Nanocomposites (2011)

C shells: A facile and versatile synthesis using dopamine as a carbon source gives hollow carbon spheres and yolk–shell Au@Carbon nanocomposites (see pictures). The uniform nature of dopamine coatings and their high carbon yield endow the products with high structural integrity. The Au@C nanocomposites are catalytically active.
Active, LCoS based laser interferometer for microelements studies (2006)

The modification of classical Twyman-Green interferometer by implementation of Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator as the reference mirror allows introducing arbitrary phase in the reference wavefront. This special capability is applied to facilitate the measurements of shape and deformation of active microelements and extend the range of such measurement. This can be realized by introducing linear or circular spatial carrier frequency into interferogram or by compensating object wavefront deformation. Moreover LCoS display can be used as an accurate phase shifter if the proper calibration is introduced. The analysis of sources of measurement errors introduced by LCoS display is presented and the ways of their elimination are discussed. The possible application of LCoS based laser interferometer for initial microelement shape determination and transient deformation monitoring as well as active reference phase modification are shown and experimentally confirmed during silicon micromembranes studies.
Track-before-detect performance for a high PRF search mode (1991)

The performance of a four-stage track-before-detect algorithm used for an X-band high pulse repetitive frequency (PRF) search mode is evaluated. A dynamic programming algorithm is used to noncoherently integrate over resolution cells lying along each potential target path, and path sums are compared to a threshold to determine if a target is present. Given a threshold setting that results in a false track generation rate of 10/sup 6/ per resolution cell, track detections are obtained with probability 0.5 at a signal-to-noise ratio of about 8.7 dB for a target closing at 2.5 nmi per revisit time, assuming a Swerling I or II Rayleigh signal plus noise model as measured after transforming to Doppler-range space. For the same threshold setting, 90% of the tracks were detected at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 9.6 dB or smaller. If the closing range is decreased to 0.25 nmi per revisit time, then track detections occur with probability 0.5 at a SNR of 8.1 dB, and 90% of the tracks were detected at SNRs of 5.5 dB smaller. >
Biplane double-supported screw fixation (F-technique): a method of screw fixation at osteoporotic fractures of the femoral neck (2011)

The present work introduces a method of screw fixation of femoral neck fractures in the presence of osteoporosis, according to an original concept of the establishment of two supporting points for the implants and their biplane positioning in the femoral neck and head. The provision of two steady supporting points for the implants and the highly increased (obtuse) angle at which they are positioned allow the body weight to be transferred successfully from the head fragment onto the diaphysis, thanks to the strength of the screws, with the patient's bone quality being of least importance. The position of the screws allows them to slide under stress with a minimal risk of displacement. The method was developed in search of a solution for those patients for whom primary arthroplasty is contraindicated. The method has been analysed in relation to biomechanics and statics. For the first time, a new function is applied to a screw fixation-the implant is presented as a simple beam with an overhanging end.
Thermal Conductivity Detector for Gas Chromatography: Very Wide Gain Range Acquisition System and Experimental Measurements (2013)

The aim of this paper is to present an acquisition system featuring a very wide gain range and experimental measurements of a new micromachined thermal conductivity detector (μ TCD), applied downstream of a gas-chromatography (GC) system. We describe a simple and innovative electronics for μTCD control and data acquisition, outlining its resistance control, native imbalance compensation, and automatic gain control (AGC) algorithm. The acquisition electronics features two parallel amplification stages with programmable gain: a high-gain stage (gain: 70-1280) and a low-gain or attenuating stage (gain: 0.6-30). The resulting detection range turns out to be very wide, with full scales ranging between 3.9 mV and 6.5 V while voltage is acquired with a 10-b-resolution analog-to-digital converter. Measurements and sensitivity tests have been carried out by connecting our μTCD and acquisition system downstream of the microfluidic section and GC column of a commercial GC system. Sensitivity measurements on several toluene masses gave very good results, having observed a system sensitivity of 15.2 ±0.6 μVs/ng. This high sensitivity will enable the μTCD to be used in many portable applications like in-line quality control, and industrial security and safety. We also show the good operation of the AGC algorithm.
Biometric authentication using digital retinal images (2006)

In this work an efficient method for the identity verification of persons based on matching digital retinal images is introduced. The matching process works by extracting a set of feature points and registering them to measure the degree of similarity between the input images. The feature points are the ridge endings and ridge bifurcations from vessels obtained from a crease model of the retinal vessels. The method is developed and tested to obtain a good set of feature points. Then, pairs of sets will be matched in order to get an accurate and reliable similarity measure for the authentication procedure.
HyperSeg: Patch-wise Hypernetwork for Real-time Semantic Segmentation (2021)

We present a novel, real-time, semantic segmentation network in which the encoder both encodes and generates the parameters (weights) of the decoder. Furthermore, to allow maximal adaptivity, the weights at each decoder block vary spatially. For this purpose, we design a new type of hypernetwork, composed of a nested U-Net for drawing higher level context features, a multi-headed weight generating module which generates the weights of each block in the decoder immediately before they are consumed, for efficient memory utilization, and a primary network that is composed of novel dynamic patch-wise convolutions. Despite the usage of less-conventional blocks, our architecture obtains real-time performance. In terms of the runtime vs. accuracy trade-off, we surpass state of the art (SotA) results on popular semantic segmentation benchmarks: PASCAL VOC 2012 (val. set) and real-time semantic segmentation on Cityscapes, and CamVid. The code is available: https://nirkin.com/hyperseg.
MeV energy ion implantation and its device applications in InP (2002)

MeV energy Si, S, Be, B, Fe, and Co implantations were performed in the energy range 0.4-20 MeV to obtain buried/thick n- or p- or high-resistance layers in InP. The first four range statistics have been established for these dopants in this energy range. Optimum annealing conditions have been established. Electron concentrations as high as 2 /spl times/ 10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ have been obtained. B, Fe, and Co implantations gave high resistivity layers. The usefulness of MeV implantation was demonstrated in the fabrication of vertical positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) and varactor diodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Simultaneous radiocompetitive assay for 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D in human serum (author's transl)]. (1979)

A specific competitive protein binding assay for 25 hydroxy-vitamin D and 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D in human serum has been developed. It includes a chromatographic step on a Sephadex LH 20 column to specifically separate the metabolites. The average value was for 25 hydroxyvitamin D 11.9 +/- 6.6 Ng/ml (mean +/- SD) and for 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 6.85 +/- 3.29 ng/ml in ten normal subjects sampled in autumn. In hepatic insufficiencies the mean level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D was lower and the mean level of 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D was higher than in normal subjects. In patients with renal insufficiency the 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were normal and the 24, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels were low but not suppressed. The two sterols were also determined in some patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.
Purification and characterization of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol 27-hydroxylase from female rat liver mitochondria. (1988)

5 beta-Cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol 27-hydroxylase (5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-triol, NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (26-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.13.15) was purified from female rat liver mitochondria based on its catalytic activity. The final preparation of the enzyme showed a single major band on the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram. The content of purified enzyme was 12 nmol/mg of protein, and the specific activity was 431 nmol/min/mg of protein. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as 52,500. The absorption spectra of the purified enzyme and that of the dithionite-reduced CO complex showed peaks at 417 and 450 nm, respectively, indicating the enzyme belongs to the cytochrome P-450 family. Upon reconstitution with the electron-transferring system of the adrenal (adrenodoxin and NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase), the enzyme showed high activity hydroxylating 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha-12-triol at position 27 with a turnover number of 35.5 min-1 and Km of 6.3 microM. The enzyme activity was completely lost when the electron-transferring system was replaced by that of microsomes (NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase purified from rat liver microsomes), confirming that the P-450 enzyme was of the mitochondrial type, but not of the microsomal. The omission of cytochrome P-450, adrenodoxin, or NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase resulted in complete loss of enzyme activity. The specific activity toward 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol was less than one-half that toward cholestanetriol and that toward cholesterol was about one-fiftieth. The enzyme showed no activity toward xenobiotics such as benzphetamine, 7-ethoxycoumarin, and benzo[a]pyrene. Its activity was not inhibited by metyrapone and slightly inhibited by aminoglutethimide. The enzyme activity was markedly lowered in an atmosphere of CO/O2/N2, 40/20/40.
Hypercomplex auto- and cross-correlation of color images (2003)

Autocorrelation and cross-correlation have been defined and utilized in signal and image processing for many years, but not for color or vector images. In this paper we present for the first time a definition of correlation applicable to color images, based on quaternions or hypercomplex numbers. We have devised a visualization of the result using the polar form of a quaternion in which color denotes quaternion eigenaxis and phase, and a grayscale image represents the modulus.