gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Compartment 3D-Cultured Organ-on-a-Chip: Towards a Biomimetic Lymph Node for Drug Development (2020)

The interaction of immune cells with drugs and/or with other cell types should be mechanistically investigated in order to reduce attrition of new drug development. However, they are currently only limited technologies that address this need. In our work, we developed initial but significant building blocks that enable such immune-drug studies. We developed a novel microfluidic platform replicating the Lymph Node (LN) microenvironment called LN-on-a-chip, starting from design all the way to microfabrication, characterization and validation in terms of architectural features, fluidics, cytocompatibility, and usability. To prove the biomimetics of this microenvironment, we inserted different immune cell types in a microfluidic device, which showed an in-vivo-like spatial distribution. We demonstrated that the developed LN-on-a-chip incorporates key features of the native human LN, namely, (i) similarity in extracellular matrix composition, morphology, porosity, stiffness, and permeability, (ii) compartmentalization of immune cells within distinct structural domains, (iii) replication of the lymphatic fluid flow pattern, (iv) viability of encapsulated cells in collagen over the typical timeframe of immunotoxicity experiments, and (v) interaction among different cell types across chamber boundaries. Further studies with this platform may assess the immune cell function as a step forward to disclose the effects of pharmaceutics to downstream immunology in more physiologically relevant microenvironments.
Recent developments on reflectarray antennas at Thales Alenia Space (2009)

The objective of this paper is to present developments in progress on reflectarray antennas, ranging from the reflectarray antenna as an alternative for shaped reflector, the reconfigurable reflectarray antenna with MEMS controlled elements, and the mechanically selectable reflectarray antenna.
Genomic Analysis of the Human B-Lymphotropic Virus (HBLV) (1986)

The human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV) has a double-stranded DNA genome of greater than 110 kilobase pairs, which is consistent with its morphological classification as a herpesvirus. A 9000-base pair cloned probe of HBLV detected specific sequences in DNA and RNA of infected cells but did not hybridize to the genomic DNA of other human herpesviruses including the Epstein-Barr virus, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex type I, and varicella-zoster virus. Conversely, while probes obtained from each of the known human herpesvirus readily detected the homologous viral DNA, they did not hybridize to genomic HBLV DNA. This evidence, in addition to serological and morphological distinctions and the biological effects of this virus demonstrate that HBLV is a novel human herpesvirus.
Corrosion Monitor Based on Impedance Method; Construction and its Application to Homogeneous Corrosion (1978)

The principle of the corrosion monitor is based on the mathematical analysis and the experimental results on the impednaces of various corrosion systems reported previously. Following to this, the substruction of the impedance at infinite frequency from that at a low frequency yields the faradaic resistance Rc which is readily reduced to the corrosion rate of the electrode metal, if an appropriate selection was made on the frquencies.Using a superposed signal of the sinusoidal waves of 10k and 0.01Hz, the corrosion monitor is so desined to give Rc or the corrosion rate dirctly on a recorder in logarithmic scale. Since a pair of parallel plates of specimens are used as electrodes without a reference electrode, the moniter is not only easy to operate but also it permits to measure the corrosion rate in less conductive solutions such as tap water or distillcd water. The corrosion rates hitherto tested has covered from 1.3mA (15mmpy) to 0.06μA (0.001mmpy). The error evaluated by weight loss measurement was less than 40% in the entire range of corrosion rate tested for various combination of metals and environments. Since the monitor gives either the corrosion rate of one specimen continuously or the corrosion rates of 10 specimens for a interrupted sampling time, it can be used for on-line monitoring of the corrosion rate in actual environment.
Unexpected <i>N</i>‐Demethylation of Oxymorphone and Oxycodone <i>N</i>‐Oxides Mediated by the Burgess Reagent: Direct Synthesis of Naltrexone, Naloxone, and Other Antagonists from Oxymorphone (2012)

Abstract N ‐Oxides derived from oxycodone and O ‐acyloxymorphone were treated with the Burgess reagent to provide the corresponding oxazolidines in excellent yields. Oxazolidines derived from O ‐acyloxymorphone were further hydrolyzed to noroxymorphone, whose alkylation furnished naltrexone, naloxone, and nalbuphone, which can be converted to nalbuphine, the mixed agonist‐antagonist analgesic. The entire sequence from oxymorphone to the various antagonists was reduced to three one‐pot operations, proceeding in excellent overall yields. In addition, quaternary salts of the oxazolidines with allyl or cyclopropylmethyl groups in fixed equatorial configurations were synthesized. Complete spectral and experimental data are provided for all compounds.
Bandwidth extension of low noise fractional-N synthesizers (2005)

This paper examines issues with extending the bandwidth of fractional-N synthesizers. Quantization noise is shown to be the limiting factor in state-of-the-art fractional-N synthesis. A re-framing of the noise model used to analyze synthesizer phase noise leads directly to a methodology to enable high bandwidth synthesis. We present measured results from a synthesizer based on the proposed methodology that demonstrates >25 dB broadband phase noise reduction compared to a state-of-the-art /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ synthesizer. Finally, we draw conclusions about the future direction of fractional-N synthesis.
Linear transceiver design for full-duplex multi-user MIMO system (2014)

We focus on a full-duplex multi-user MIMO system where the base station (BS) serves multiple uplink and downlink users simultaneously. Both the BS and the mobile stations (MSs) are equipped with multiple antennas. The performance of the system is limited by the self-interference at the base station and the interference caused by the uplink users on the downlink users. To address this issue, we propose to jointly design the beamformers of the BS and MSs. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the weighted sum data rate subject to maximum power constraints. Although the problem is non-convex, it can be solved via iterative minimization of weighted sum mean square error (MSE), and a stationary point of the problem can be obtained. Strategies to choose uplink and downlink users and to determine initial point for the optimization problem are also proposed. Simulation results show that the weighted sum data rate achieved by full-duplex system is substantially higher than that achieved by baseline half-duplex systems.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Differential Serodiagnosis between Zika and Dengue Viral Infections (2018)

Diagnostic testing for Zika virus (ZIKV) or dengue virus (DENV) infection can be accomplished by a nucleic acid detection method; however, a negative result does not exclude infection due to the low virus titer during infection depending on the timing of sample collection. Therefore, a ZIKV- or DENV-specific serological assay is essential for the accurate diagnosis of patients and to mitigate potential severe health outcomes. A retrospective study design with dual approaches of collecting human serum samples for testing was developed. All serum samples were extensively evaluated by using both noninfectious wild-type (wt) virus-like particles (VLPs) and soluble nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in the standard immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA). Both ZIKV-derived wt-VLP- and NS1-MAC-ELISAs were found to have similar sensitivities for detecting anti-premembrane/envelope and NS1 antibodies from ZIKV-infected patient sera, although lower cross-reactivity to DENV2/3-NS1 was observed. Furthermore, group cross-reactive (GR)-antibody-ablated homologous fusion peptide-mutated (FP)-VLPs consistently showed higher positive-to-negative values than homologous wt-VLPs. Therefore, we used DENV-2/3 and ZIKV FP-VLPs to develop a novel, serological algorithm for differentiating ZIKV from DENV infection. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the FP-VLP-MAC-ELISA and the NS1-MAC-ELISA were each higher than 80%, with no statistical significance. The accuracy can reach up to 95% with the combination of FP-VLP and NS1 assays. In comparison to current guidelines using neutralization tests to measure ZIKV antibody, this approach can facilitate laboratory screening for ZIKV infection, especially in regions where DENV infection is endemic and capacity for neutralization testing does not exist.
Laser Spot Scanning of Photoelectrochemical Cells. (1982)

Abstract : Laser scanning of the photoelectrode in a photoelectrochemical cell is a powerful diagnostic tool for assessing the effect of surface modifications of the semiconductor electrode on cell performance. Photocurrent scan maps of photoelectrodes with external and/or white light bias allow the study of the effect of iR losses in the cell under operating conditions. A dye laser adds versatility to the system by permitting wavelength dependent responses to be mapped. The possibility of time resolved measurements, using a pulsed laser source, is also discussed. (Author)
Speaker Independent Phonetic Transcription oP Fluent Speech Por Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition (1989)

Tbis paper reports the results of our experiments on speaker independent phonetic transcription of fluent speech. Our acoustidphonetic model is a 38505 parameter continuously variable duration hidden Markov model which allows us to perform real-time phonetic transcription by means of a modified Viterbi algorithm. The model was trained on 3020 sentences from the TIMIT data base. Testing was performed on the remaining 180 xntences. In a test without lexical or syntactic constraints. we obtained 52% correct phonetic transcription with 12% insertions. We also describe the design of a system for recognition of fluent speech based on our technique for phonetic transcription.
Digital Waveform Technology and the Next Generation of Mass Spectrometers (2017)

Ion traps and guides are integral parts of current commercial mass spectrometers. They are currently operated with sinusoidal waveform technology that has been developed over many years. Recently, digital waveform technology has begun to emerge and promises to supplant its older cousin because it presents new capabilities that result from the ability to instantaneously switch the frequency and duty cycle of the waveforms. This manuscript examines these capabilities and reveals their uses and effects on instrumentation. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Ion implantation and annealing studies in III-V nitrides (1996)

Ion implantation doping and isolation is expected to play an enabling role for the realization of advanced III-Nitride based devices. In fact, implantation has already been used to demonstrate n- and p-type doping of GaN with Si and Mg or Ca, respectively, as well as to fabricate the first GaN junction field effect transistor. Although these initial implantation studies demonstrated the feasibility of this technique for the III-Nitride materials, further work is needed to realize its full potential. After reviewing some of the initial studies in this field, the authors present new results for improved annealing sequences and defect studies in GaN. First, sputtered AlN is shown by electrical characterization of Schottky and Ohmic contacts to be an effect encapsulant of GaN during the 1,100 C implant activation anneal. The AlN suppresses N-loss from the GaN surface and the formation of a degenerate n{sup +}-surface region that would prohibit Schottky barrier formation after the implant activation anneal. Second, they examine the nature of the defect generation and annealing sequence following implantation using both Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and Hall characterization. They show that for a Si-dose of 1 x 10{sup 16} cm{sup {minus}2} 50% electrical donor activation is achieved despite a significant amount of residual implantation-induced damage in the material.
Pulmonary Phototherapy to Treat Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Rats (2016)

Successful application of pulmonary phototherapy in larger animals and humans may represent a significant advance in the treatment of CO-poisoned patients.
An experimental study of compression methods for functional tries (1999)

We develop compression methods for functional tries and study them experimentally. Trie compression is usually implemented either as a combination of path compression and width compression or as a combination of path compression and level compression. We develop a new efficient implementation for width compression and show that in functional tries the combination of all of the three compression methods yields the best results when taking into account the trie size, the trie depth, the copy cost, and the search and update performance. We also show that the 2-3 tree minimizes the copy cost in balanced trees and compare our experimental results for tries to approximate analytical results for internal and external 2-3 trees. Our conclusion is that the path-, width-, and level-compressed trie is an ideal choice for a functional main-memory index structure. Keywords functional data structures, imperative data structures, trie, shadowing, path copying, path compression, width compression, level compression 1
Development and testing of molecular adsorber coatings (2012)

The effect of on-orbit molecular contamination has the potential to degrade the performance of spaceflight hardware and diminish the lifetime of the spacecraft. For example, sensitive surfaces, such as optical surfaces, electronics, detectors, and thermal control surfaces, are vulnerable to the damaging effects of contamination from outgassed materials. The current solution to protect these surfaces is through the use of zeolite coated ceramic adsorber pucks. However, these pucks and its additional complex mounting hardware requirements result in several disadvantages, such as size, weight, and cost related concerns, that impact the spacecraft design and the integration and test schedule. As a result, a new innovative molecular adsorber coating was developed as a sprayable alternative to mitigate the risk of on-orbit molecular contamination. In this study, the formulation for molecular adsorber coatings was optimized using various binders, pigment treatment methods, binder to pigment ratios, thicknesses, and spray application techniques. The formulas that passed coating adhesion and vacuum thermal cycling were further tested for its adsorptive capacity. Accelerated molecular capacitance tests were performed in an innovatively designed multi-unit system containing idealized contaminant sources. This novel system significantly increased the productivity of the testing phase for the various formulations that were developed. Work performed during the development and testing phases has demonstrated successful application of molecular adsorber coatings onto metallic substrates, as well as, very promising results for the adhesion performance and the molecular capacitance of the coating. Continued testing will assist in the qualification of molecular adsorber coatings for use on future contamination sensitive spaceflight missions.
Effects of .ALPHA./.GAMMA. phase ratio and N addition on the corrosion resistance of Si-bearing duplex stainless steel in nitric acid. (1991)

Duplex stainless steel is widely used in various service conditions due to its high mechanical properties and high corro- sion resistance.
Structural basis for antibody recognition of the NANP repeats in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein (2017)

Acquired resistance against antimalarial drugs has further increased the need for an effective malaria vaccine. The current leading candidate, RTS,S, is a recombinant circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-based vaccine against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> that contains 19 NANP repeats followed by a thrombospondin repeat domain. Although RTS,S has undergone extensive clinical testing and has progressed through phase III clinical trials, continued efforts are underway to enhance its efficacy and duration of protection. Here, we determined that two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 311 and 317), isolated from a recent controlled human malaria infection trial exploring a delayed fractional dose, inhibit parasite development in vivo by at least 97%. Crystal structures of antibody fragments (Fabs) 311 and 317 with an (NPNA)<sub>3</sub> peptide illustrate their different binding modes. Notwithstanding, one and three of the three NPNA repeats adopt similar well-defined type I β-turns with Fab311 and Fab317, respectively. Furthermore, to explore antibody binding in the context of <i>P. falciparum</i> CSP, we used negative-stain electron microscopy on a recombinant shortened CSP (rsCSP) construct saturated with Fabs. Both complexes display a compact rsCSP with multiple Fabs bound, with the rsCSP-Fab311 complex forming a highly organized helical structure. Together, these structural insights may aid in the design of a next-generation malaria vaccine.
Perspectives on optoelectronic oscillators (2023)

As a paradigmatic microwave photonic resonant system that is capable of producing high-quality self-sustained microwave oscillations, the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) has been intensively investigated in recent years, and a diversity of new insights and breakthroughs have been proposed and demonstrated. In this perspective, we discuss the recent progress, opportunities, and challenges of OEOs. Specifically, an overview of different OEO schemes for single-frequency and complex microwave signal generation is provided. Emerging advances in integrated OEO and applications of OEO are briefly reviewed. We also discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities in this field.
Prospective Evaluation of Maintenance Plasma Exchange (mPLEX) for Attack Prevention in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: Preliminary Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy Data (P5.265) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To report preliminary data from a prospective study of mPLEX for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). BACKGROUND: Rescue PLEX is often used for acute corticosteroid-refractory NMOSD attacks. Anecdotal and retrospective studies suggest a potential role for mPLEX in attack prevention but feasibility, safety, and optimal treatment regimen are unclear. DESIGN/METHODS: Prospective observational study of NMOSD patients (target n=14) planning to initiate mPLEX. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at screening and quarterly for 12 months. Treatment plans, including PLEX frequency, were at the treating neurologist’s discretion. RESULTS: 9 subjects were consented. Of the 6 subjects who received mPLEX, 5 were female, all were aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) seropositive, median age was 62y, and median disease duration was 7.6y. Reasons for mPLEX included drug treatment failure (n=3), avoidance of immunosuppression (n=1 each with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hepatitis C), and subject preference (n=1). All subjects required central venous access. mPLEX was used as monotherapy (n=3) or with drug immunotherapy (n=3). mPLEX courses consisted of 1 exchange every 10-14 days (n=4) or 3 exchanges each month (n=2); >95[percnt] of planned exchanges were completed. mPLEX use ranged from 5-24 months with 4 subjects continuing after study completion. During mPLEX treatment, 4/6 subjects remained relapse-free; relapses occurred with mPLEX subjects using mPLEX as monotherapy (n=1) and in combination with rituximab (n=1). Median EDSS scores were 5.0 (range 3.5-8.0) and 5.25 (2.5-8.0) at screening and final visit, respectively. Major adverse effects included catheter-related infection (n=4), thrombus (n=1) and receipt of contaminated calcium solution (n=1). Two subjects continued post-study mPLEX using AV fistulas. CONCLUSIONS: mPLEX is feasible and may contribute to relapse prevention in selected NMOSD patients. Catheter-related complications are common when central access is required. We plan continued recruitment and analysis of AQP4-IgG kinetics to further evaluate mPLEX regimens. Study Supported by TerumoBCT.
Purification and Characterization of an FSH Releasing Protein from Porcine Ovarian Follicular Fluid (1987)

VALE, WYLIE; RIVIER, JEAN; VAUGHAN, JOAN; MCCLINTOCK, RICHARD; CORRIGAN, ANNE; WOO, WILSON; KARR, DAVID; SPIESS, JOACHIM Author Information
Improved Understanding of Proppant Transport Yields New Insight to the Design and Placement of Fracturing Treatments (2006)

Abstract Post-frac production analyses frequently suggest that effective fracture area is significantly less than that designed, implying either the existence of excessive proppant-pack damage or, that the proppant was not placed in designated areal location. The conductive fracture area is defined by the propped fracture height and the effective fracture length. Optimization of effective fracture area is among the principal tenets of fracturing design engineering. It is well understood that effective fracture area is a first order driver for well productivity, and optimization of such is often critical to economic exploitation of reservoir assets. The results of extensive testing in a large-scale slot apparatus to delineate the relative effects of various component and treatment parameters on proppant transport capability were reported previously. In an extension of that effort, an empirical proppant transport model has been developed using the information gleaned from previous testing and then refined using newly generated data to expand the range of the various component parameters. The model has input parameters including fluid viscosity, proppant size, both fluid and proppant specific gravity, injection rate, and fracture geometry. The model output is the estimated propped fracture length of a given treatment design incorporating a fracturing fluid slurry having the input parameters. Utilizing the new model, the most favorable combination of fracturing slurry component properties and pumping parameters can identified and incorporated in fracturing treatment design and applications to optimize effective propped fracture length, and thereby well performance.
Sprout: A Functional Caching Approach to Minimize Service Latency in Erasure-Coded Storage (2017)

Modern distributed storage systems often use erasure codes to protect against disk and node failures to increase reliability, while trying to meet the latency requirements of the applications and clients. Storage systems may have caches at the proxy or client ends in order to reduce the latency. In this paper, we consider a novel caching framework with erasure code called functional caching. Functional caching involves using erasure-coded chunks in the cache such that the code formed by the chunks in storage nodes and cache combined are maximal-distance-separable erasure codes. Based on the arrival rates of different files, placement of file chunks on the servers, and the service time distribution of storage servers, an optimal functional caching placement and the access probabilities of the file request from different disks are considered. The proposed algorithm gives significant latency improvement in both simulations and a prototyped solution in an open-source, cloud storage deployment.
ChemInform Abstract: STATE‐OF‐CHARGE TEST FOR ZINC‐MERCURIC OXIDE PRIMARY CELLS (1976)

Abstract Die neuentwickelte zerstörungsfreie und empfindliche Methode zur Bestimmung des Ladungszustandes von Zn/HgO‐Primärelementen beruht auf einer linearen Abhängigkeit zwischen dem Polarisationswiderstand und der gesamten verbrauchten Ladung.