gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically Conductive Pili from Pilin Genes of Phylogenetically Diverse Microorganisms (2017)

Abstract The possibility that bacteria other than Geobacter species might contain genes for electrically conductive pili (e-pili) was investigated by heterologously expressing pilin genes of interest in Geobacter sulfurreducens . Strains of G. sulfurreducens producing high current densities, which are only possible with e-pili, were obtained with pilin genes from Flexistipes sinusarabici, Calditerrivibrio nitroreducens , and Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus . The conductance of pili from these strains was comparable to native G. sulfurreducens e-pili. The e-pili derived from C. nitroreducens, and D. alkaliphilus pilin genes are the first examples of relatively long (> 100 amino acids) pilin monomers assembling into e-pili. The pilin gene from Desulfofervidus auxilii did not yield e-pili, suggesting that the hypothesis that this sulfate reducer wires itself to ANME-1 microbes with e-pili to promote anaerobic methane oxidation should be reevaluated. A high density of aromatic amino acids and a lack of substantial aromatic-free gaps along the length of long pilins may be important characteristics leading to e-pili. This study demonstrates a simple method to screen pilin genes from difficult-to-culture microorganisms for their potential to yield e-pili; reveals new potential sources for biologically based electronic materials; and suggests that a wide phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms may employ e-pili for extracellular electron exchange.
Soft Decision Analyzer (2013)

The Soft Decision Analyzer (SDA) is an instrument that combines hardware, firmware, and software to perform realtime closed-loop end-to-end statistical analysis of single- or dual- channel serial digital RF communications systems operating in very low signal-to-noise conditions. As an innovation, the unique SDA capabilities allow it to perform analysis of situations where the receiving communication system slips bits due to low signal-to-noise conditions or experiences constellation rotations resulting in channel polarity in versions or channel assignment swaps. SDA s closed-loop detection allows it to instrument a live system and correlate observations with frame, codeword, and packet losses, as well as Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) events. The SDA s abilities are not confined to performing analysis in low signal-to-noise conditions. Its analysis provides in-depth insight of a communication system s receiver performance in a variety of operating conditions. The SDA incorporates two techniques for identifying slips. The first is an examination of content of the received data stream s relation to the transmitted data content and the second is a direct examination of the receiver s recovered clock signals relative to a reference. Both techniques provide benefits in different ways and allow the communication engineer evaluating test results increased confidence and understanding of receiver performance. Direct examination of data contents is performed by two different data techniques, power correlation or a modified Massey correlation, and can be applied to soft decision data widths 1 to 12 bits wide over a correlation depth ranging from 16 to 512 samples. The SDA detects receiver bit slips within a 4 bits window and can handle systems with up to four quadrants (QPSK, SQPSK, and BPSK systems). The SDA continuously monitors correlation results to characterize slips and quadrant change and is capable of performing analysis even when the receiver under test is subjected to conditions where its performance degrades to high error rates (30 percent or beyond). The design incorporates a number of features, such as watchdog triggers that permit the SDA system to recover from large receiver upsets automatically and continue accumulating performance analysis unaided by operator intervention. This accommodates tests that can last in the order of days in order to gain statistical confidence in results and is also useful for capturing snapshots of rare events.
Testing analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits using oscillation-test method (1997)

A new low-cost test method for analog integrated circuits, called the oscillation test, is presented. During the test mode, the circuit under test (CUT) is converted to a circuit that oscillates. Faults in the CUT which deviate the oscillation frequency from its tolerance band can be detected. Using this test method, no test vector is required to be applied. Therefore, the test vector generation problem is eliminated, and the test time is very small because only a single output frequency is evaluated for each CUT. The oscillation frequency may be considered as a digital signal and therefore can be evaluated using pure digital circuitry. These characteristics imply that the oscillation-test strategy is very attractive for wafer-probe testing as well as final production testing. In this note, the validity of the proposed test method has been verified throughout various examples such as operational amplifiers, amplifiers, filters, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The simulations and practical implementation results affirm that the presented method assures a high fault coverage.
Comparison of the three-dimensional structures of a humanized and a chimeric Fab of an anti-γ-interferon antibody (1999)

The objective of this work is to compare the three-dimensional structures of "humanized" and mouse-human chimeric forms of a murine monoclonal antibody elicited against human gamma-interferon. It is also to provide structural explanations for the small differences in the affinities and biological interactions of the two molecules for this antigen. Antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) were produced by papain hydrolysis of the antibodies and crystallized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8,000 by nearly identical microseeding procedures. Their structures were solved by X-ray analyses at 2.9 A resolution, using molecular replacement methods and crystallographic refinement. Comparison of these structures revealed marked similarities in the light (L) chains and near identities of the constant (C) domains of the heavy (H) chains. However, the variable (V) domains of the heavy chains exhibited substantial differences in the conformations of all three complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), and in their first framework segments (FR1). In FR1 of the humanized VH, the substitution of serine for proline in position 7 allowed the N-terminal segment (designated strand 4-1) to be closely juxtaposed to an adjacent strand (4-2) and form hydrogen bonds typical of an antiparallel beta-pleated sheet. The tightening of the humanized structure was relayed in such a way as to decrease the space available for the last portion of HFR1 and the first part of HCDR1. This compression led to the formation of an alpha-helix involving residues 25-32. With fewer steric constraints, the corresponding segment in the chimeric Fab lengthened by at least 1 A to a random coil which terminated in a single turn of 310 helix. In the humanized Fab, HCDR1, which is sandwiched between HCDR2 and HCDR3, significantly influenced the structures of both regions. HCDR2 was forced into a bent and twisted orientation different from that in the chimeric Fab, both at the crown of the loop (around proline H52a) and at its base. As in HCDR1, the last few residues of HCDR2 in the humanized Fab were compressed into a space-saving alpha-helix, contrasting with a more extended 310 helix in the chimeric form. HCDR3 in the humanized Fab was also adjusted in shape and topography. The observed similarities in the functional binding activities of the two molecules can be rationalized by limited induced fit adjustments in their structures on antigen binding. While not perfect replicas, the two structures are testimonials to the progress in making high affinity monoclonal antibodies safe for human use.
MULTIPROCESS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS CHART (MPPAC) WITH CAPABILITY ZONES (1991)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: Process capability indexProcess controlControl chartSix sigma
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of a Murine Mammary Carcinoma using a Lipophilic Carboranyltetraphenylporphyrin<sup>1</sup> (2001)

The first control of a malignant tumor in vivo by porphyrin- mediated boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is described. In mice bearing implanted EMT-6 mammary carcinomas, boron uptake using a single injection of either p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) or mercaptoundecahydrododecaborane (BSH) was compared with either a single injection or multiple injections of the carboranylporphyrin CuTCPH. The BSH and BPA doses used were comparable to the highest doses of these compounds previously administered in a single injection to rodents. For BNCT, boron concentrations averaged 85 microg (10)B/g in the tumor and 4 microg (10)B/g in blood 2 days after the last of six injections (over 32 h) that delivered a total of 190 microg CuTCPH/g body weight. During a single 15, 20, 25 or 30 MW-min exposure to the thermalized neutron beam of the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor, a tumor received average absorbed doses of approximately 39, 52, 66 or 79 Gy, respectively. A long-term (>200 days) tumor control rate of 71% was achieved at a dose of 66 Gy with minimal damage to the leg. Equivalent long-term tumor control by a single exposure to 42 Gy X rays was achieved, but with greater damage to the irradiated leg.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLES PART 6, SYNTHESES OF 4H‐S‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐A)(1,4)‐BENZODIAZEPINES, NOVEL TRICYCLIC PSYCHOSEDATIVES (1974)

Abstract Aus den Aminen (I) werden die Hydrazine (II) hergestellt, deren Cyclisierung zu den Triazolobenzodiazepinen (III) führt.
Quantum Machine Learning Algorithm for Knowledge Graphs (2020)

Semantic knowledge graphs are large-scale triple-oriented databases for knowledge representation and reasoning. Implicit knowledge can be inferred by modeling and reconstructing the tensor representations generated from knowledge graphs. However, as the sizes of knowledge graphs continue to grow, classical modeling becomes increasingly computational resource intensive. This paper investigates how quantum resources can be capitalized to accelerate the modeling of knowledge graphs. In particular, we propose the first quantum machine learning algorithm for making inference on tensorized data, e.g., on knowledge graphs. Since most tensor problems are NP-hard, it is challenging to devise quantum algorithms to support that task. We simplify the problem by making a plausible assumption that the tensor representation of a knowledge graph can be approximated by its low-rank tensor singular value decomposition, which is verified by our experiments. The proposed sampling-based quantum algorithm achieves exponential speedup with a runtime that is polylogarithmic in the dimension of knowledge graph tensor.
Cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase from the methylotrophic bacterium,<i>Methylomonas aminofaciens</i>77a, and its expression in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1996)

A DNA fragment of 550 bp was specifically amplified by PCR with primers based on the N-terminal sequence of the purified 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase from Methylomonas aminofaciens 77a and on that of a lysyl endopeptidase-derived peptide. Using this PCR product as a probe, a gene coding for 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase in M. aminofaciens 77a chromosomal DNA was cloned in Escherichia coli JM109. Sequencing analysis revealed that the gene encoding 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase contained a 624-bp open reading frame, encoding a protein composed of 208 amino acid residues with a calculated relative molecular mass of 21,224.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Gold(I) Complexes Conjugated to a Leukemia‐Specific DNA Aptamer for Targeted Drug Delivery (2016)

This report describes the synthesis and characterization of novel N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-gold(I) complexes and their bioconjugation to the CCRF-CEM-leukemia-specific aptamer sgc8c. Successful bioconjugation was confirmed by the use of fluorescent tags on both the NHC-Au(I) complex and the aptamer. Cell-viability assays indicated that the NHC-Au(I) -aptamer conjugate was more cytotoxic than the NHC-gold complex alone. A combination of flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and cell-viability assays provided clear evidence that the NHC-Au(I) -aptamer conjugate was selective for targeted CCRF-CEM leukemia cells.
Development of High Power Laser Pipe Welding Process. (2001)

The world's first 25 kW laser welding machines at its 24-inch pipe mill has been installed. The technology for the high-power laser pipe welding process that assures welds with the same properties as those of the base metal while maintaining high productivity has been started to develop. Key technologies for this process such as high power laser welding, high-accuracy seam tracking and nondestructive inspection have been successfully established. The results obtained are as follows.
Omnidirectional Cart with Power-assist System (2002)

We provided a holonomic omnidirectional cart using a universal wheel with the power-assist function and put it into practical use as a meal delivery cart. Even if the cart weighs about 700 kilograms, it is easily operated as a manually operated lightweight cart. This report gives an overview of the new product, measures for enhancing operability, a handle sensing force in 3 directions, measures to reduce vibration during universal wheel driving, and ways to improve universal wheel durability.
Ultra high frequency (UHF) phononic crystal devices operating in mobile communication bands (2009)

Recently phononic crystal slabs operating in the very high frequency (VHF) range have been reported and have gained interest for RF signal processing. This paper reports phononic crystal slabs and devices operating in the commonly used GSM-850 and GSM-900 cellular phone bands, representing nearly an order of magnitude increase in operating frequency compared to the state-of-the-art. Phononic crystals centered at 943 MHz are formed by arranging 1.4 ¿m diameter W rods in a square lattice with a pitch of 2.5 ¿m inside a 1.85 ¿m thick suspended SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> membrane. The resulting phononic crystal has a bandgap width of 416 MHz or 44% and a maximum bandgap depth of 35 dB. Waveguide devices formed by placing defects in the phononic lattice have also been realized with propagation frequencies of 780 and 1060 MHz.
Separation of Plutonium Oxide Nanoparticles and Colloids (2011)

Essig und Öl: Kolloidales Plutonium ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in wässrigen Pu-Bereitungen. Pu-Kolloide sind problematisch bei der Wiederaufbereitung von Kernmaterial und bilden einen potenziellen Transportvektor in die Umwelt. Mit einem Lösungsmittelgemisch aus n-Octanol und Trichloressigsäure gelingt die selektive und reversible Trennung dieser Partikel durch Ausnutzung ihrer Oberflächenreaktivität. Bild: Li2[Pu38O56Cl42(H2O)20]⋅15 H2O.
Alkali Metal-Hydroxide-Catalyzed C(<i>sp</i>)–H Bond silylation (2016)

Disclosed is a mild, scalable, and chemoselective catalytic cross-dehydrogenative C-H bond functionalization protocol for the construction of C(sp)-Si bonds in a single step. The scope of the alkyne and hydrosilane partners is substantial, providing an entry point into various organosilane building blocks and additionally enabling the discovery of a number of novel synthetic strategies. Remarkably, the optimal catalysts are NaOH and KOH.
Versatile catalytic systems based on complexes of zinc, magnesium and calcium supported by a bulky bis(morpholinomethyl)phenoxy ligand for the large-scale immortal ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic esters (2009)

A new heteroleptic ethyl-zinc complex stabilized by a chelating bis(morpholinomethyl)phenoxy ligand has been synthesised and shown to be a highly potent initiator for the immortal ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of lactide and beta-butyrolactone, being able to convert up to 50,000 equiv. of monomer in the presence of up to 1000 equiv. of an alcohol as transfer agent. Two related heteroleptic complexes of magnesium and calcium have also been prepared. These complexes are stable in solution, even in the presence of large amounts of alcohol, and constitute effective catalysts for the immortal ROP of lactide under mild conditions.
5A-5 Identification of Kidney Stone Fragmentation in Shock Wave Lithotripsy (2007)

Identification of stone fragmentation, or comminution, during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) would aid a urologist in determining the treatment endpoint, but there is currently little feedback available to do so. Here we report the measurement and analysis of SW scattering by kidney stone models in water to study the inverse relationship between stone size and scatter frequency. Stones were exposed to 20 SWs, 120 SWS, or 220 SWs to measure scatter and cause different levels of comminution. Measured scatter signals were processed in frequency to study the effect of stone comminution on the distribution of spectral energy. Comminution was measured by normalizing the mass of stone fragments, separated by size, to the mass of an intact stone. Output from frequency analysis was compared with percent mass comminution, and the shift of spectral energy to higher frequencies was proportional to the percent mass of stone fragments smaller than 2 mm.
Multidimensional coded modulation for wireless communications beyond 5G (2017)

In this keynote invited paper, to address key challenges for beyond 5G wireless technologies in a simultaneous manner, we propose an orbital angular momentum (OAM) based, energy-efficient multidimensional coded modulation. The key idea is to employ all available degrees of freedom (DOFs) to convey the information over the wireless links including amplitude, phase, polarization state, and spatial-domain DOFs. In particular, the OAM is associated with azimuthal phase dependence of the wavefront, and represents an underutilized DOF. Given that OAM eigenstates are orthogonal, an arbitrary number of bits per symbol can be transmitted. To implement OAM multiplexer and demultiplexer in the RF domain, we propose to use a properly designed antenna arrays. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate high tolerance to fading effects of LDPC-coded multidimensional signaling schemes compared to conventional LDPC-coded QAM.
High-Power Metal-Metal Waveguide Terahertz Quantum-Cascade Laser with a Hyperhemispherical Lens (2007)

We demonstrate an ~85 mW (pulsed, 5 K), metal-metal waveguide, terahertz quantum- cascade laser using an optically coupled lens. The device has a FWHM of ~6 Deg. and a maximum pulsed operating temperature of 155 K.
Switching of magnetic bubble states (1976)

Pulsed-field procedures for switching magnetic bubbles between four different wall states having unit winding number are proposed. Experiments establish operating margins for the transitions and distinguish the two unichiral states for the first time.
Modeling Large Two-Dimensional Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Arrays With Josephson Junction Opens and Shorts (2021)

In this paper we explore the effects of open and shorted Josephson Junctions (JJs) on the current-voltage (I-V) curve, and the voltage-field (V-B) curve of two-dimensional high temperature superconductor (HTS) Gaussian distributed Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) Arrays (SQAs). We examine two cases here. The first case involves having a portion of the parallel rows of junctions containing either a single open or shorted junction. The second case involves an array having large blocks of open JJs. The large blocks represent a large damaged area on an array.
Automated Failure Propagation using Inner Port Dependency Traces (2015)

Safety assurance is a major challenge in the design of complex embedded and Cyber-physical Systems. Especially, changes and adoptions during the design or run-time of an embedded system invalidate former safety analyses and require an adaptation of the system's safety analysis models. In this paper, we present a methodology to fill up empty safety analysis artifacts in component fault trees using so-called inner port dependency traces to describe failure propagation. Thus, enabling a imprecise but rapid safety analysis of an entire system at early development stages or during system run-time for the automated certification of Cyber-physical Systems. We evaluate our approach using case study from the automotive domain.
Development of a Completion Design to Control Screenouts Caused by Multiple Near-Wellbore Fractures (1995)

ABSTRACT This paper discusses possible explanations, based upon previous studies, for the hypothesis that multiple fractures at the borehole wall may be a common feature of the hydraulic fracturing process. It then uses field examples to show how we concluded that a type of low-concentration screenout common to three fields in Texas and Oklahoma was caused by multiple fractures. Next, it shows how we developed a completion that controls loss of the pad and slurry to multiple fractures. Finally, it discusses some of the implications of our experience for completion design in general. Since the symptoms of the low-concentration screenout have been documented in the literature by other authors and appear to be quite common, our design techniques should be effective in other areas as well. The completion design combines unoriented, zero-degree-phased, big-hole perforations shot at low density; and small, high-concentration proppant slugs with clean spacer stages pumped very early in the treatment. These strategies were chosen (1) to limit the number of separate fractures that initiate from individual perforations, and (2) to screen out narrow fractures early in the treatment so that more width is developed in the remaining fracture(s). We have used these techniques to increase overall sand/fluid ratios (including the pad) from about 2.3 ppg (Ibm added per gal fluid) to over 8 ppg, on modestly-sized treatments up to 200,000 Ibm.
Human Signal-Regulatory Protein Is Expressed on Normal, But Not on Subsets of Leukemic Myeloid Cells and Mediates Cellular Adhesion Involving Its Counterreceptor CD47 (1999)

Signal-regulatory proteins (SIRPs) comprise a novel transmembrane glycoprotein family involved in the negative regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-coupled signaling pathways. To analyze the expression and function of SIRPs, we prepared soluble recombinant fusion proteins of the extracellular regions of SIRP1 and SIRP2, as well as a variety of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against these domains. The antibodies reacted predominantly with monocytes, granulocytes, dendritic cells, and their precursors, as well as with bone marrow CD34+, AC133+, CD90+hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In contrast, SIRP expression was absent or significantly reduced on the majority of myeloid blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Functional studies showed that the extracellular domains of SIRP1 and SIRP2 support adhesion of a number of primary hematopoietic cells and cell lines. This interaction could be blocked by 4 of 7 SIRP1-reactive MoAbs. In addition, SIRP1 and SIRP2 competed for the same cell binding site, suggesting a common widely expressed SIRP ligand. In an approach to identify this molecule, MoAbs were generated against the SIRP-binding cell line CCRF-CEM, and MoAb CC2C6 was selected because of its capacity to inhibit cell binding to SIRP1. Further analysis showed that this antibody recognized CD47, a ubiquitously expressed plasma membrane protein previously implicated in integrin function, host defense action, and neutrophil migration. In this study, we identify CD47 as the extracellular ligand for human SIRP and show that these two counterreceptors are involved in cellular adhesion.