gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed MAC and Rate Adaptation for Ultrasonically Networked Implantable Sensors (2013)

The use of miniaturized biomedical devices implanted in the human body and wirelessly internetworked is promising a significant leap forward in medical treatment of many pervasive diseases. Recognizing the well-understood limitations of traditional radio-frequency wireless communications in interconnecting devices within the human body, in this paper we propose for the first time to develop network protocols for implantable devices based on ultrasonic transmissions. We start off by assessing the feasibility of using ultrasonic propagation in human body tissues and by deriving an accurate channel model for ultrasonic intra-body communications. Then, we propose a new ultrasonic transmission and multiple access technique, which we refer to as Ultrasonic WideBand (UsWB). UsWB is based on the idea of transmitting information bits spread over very short pulses following a time-hopping pattern. The short impulse duration results in limited reflection and scattering effects, and its low duty cycle reduces the thermal and mechanical effects, which are detrimental for human health. We then develop a multiple access technique with distributed control to enable efficient simultaneous access by interfering devices based on minimal and localized information exchange and on measurements at the receiver only. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of UsWB through a multi-scale simulator that models the proposed communication system at the acoustic wave level, at the physical (bit) level, and at the network (packet) level.
The Effects of Microgravity on Extrusion Based Additive Manufacturing (2013)

Made In Space, Inc. participated in four weeks of microgravity testing with NASA’s Flight Opportunities Program during the Fall of 2011 and Summer of 2013. The company tested the effects of microgravity on custom built and commercially available extrusion additive manufacturing machines, more commonly known as 3D printers. The testing took place on board a modified Boeing 727 aircraft flown by the Zero-G corporation, in conjunction with NASA’s Reduced Gravity Office and Flight Opportunities Program. The company has utilized the knowledge gained through this campaign on the project that will deliver the first 3D printer to the International Space Station (ISS). 3D printing in space is an enabling technology that is crucial to the exploration of space beyond the low Earth orbit environment. In order for 3D printing to finally be realized as a permanent fixture in space exploration, the behavior must be fully understood in microgravity. Various 3D printers were flown and tested, as well as multiple individual sub-components. With some modification to the key systems, Made In Space was able to demonstrate that additive manufacturing with extrusion-based machines functions similarly in microgravity as it does on the ground, allowing for a full proof of concept. The microgravity flights enabled the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the technology to be elevated to a TRL-6.
Collaborative Web crawling: information gathering/processing over Internet (2003)

The main objective of the IBM Grand Central Station (GCS) project is to gather all types of information in any format (text, data, image, graphics, audio, video) from cyberspace, to process/index/summarize the information, and to push the right information to the right people. Because of the very large scale of cyberspace, parallel processing in both crawling/gathering and information processing is indispensable. We present a scalable method for collaborative Web crawling and information processing. The method includes an automatic cyberspace partitioner which is designed to balance and re-balance the load dynamically among processors. It can be used when all Web crawlers are located on a tightly coupled high-performance system as well as when they are scattered in a distributed environment. We implemented these algorithms in Java.
Antihypertensive Effect of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from a Sesame Protein Hydrolysate in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2006)

Sesame peptide powder (SPP) exhibited angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and significantly and temporarily decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by a single administration (1 and 10 mg/kg). Six peptide ACE inhibitors were isolated and identified from SPP. The representative peptides, Leu-Val-Tyr, Leu-Gln-Pro and Leu-Lys-Tyr, could competitively inhibit ACE activity at respective Ki values of 0.92 microM, 0.50 microM, and 0.48 microM. A reconstituted sesame peptide mixture of Leu-Ser-Ala, Leu-Gln-Pro, Leu-Lys-Tyr, Ile-Val-Tyr, Val-Ile-Tyr, Leu-Val-Tyr, and Met-Leu-Pro-Ala-Tyr according to their content ratio in SPP showed a strong antihypertensive effect on SHR at doses of 3.63 and 36.3 microg/kg, which accounted for more than 70% of the corresponding dosage for the SPP-induced hypotensive effect. Repeated oral administration of SPP also lowered both SBP and the aortic ACE activity in SHR. These results demonstrate that SPP would be a beneficial ingredient for preventing and providing therapy against hypertension and its related diseases.
Cytotoxic effects of gold(<scp>i</scp>) complexes against colon, cervical and osteo carcinoma cell lines: a mechanistic approach (2019)

Water-soluble gold(<sc>i</sc>) complexes, [Au(Ipr)(L)]PF<sub>6</sub>where L = thiourea (Tu)<bold>1</bold>and<italic>N</italic>,<italic>N</italic>′-dimethylthiourea (Me<sub>2</sub>Tu)<bold>2</bold>, were synthesized from the parent 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidenechloridogold(<sc>i</sc>) [(Ipr)AuCl] (<bold>0</bold>).
MH-TRACE: Multihop Time Reservation Using Adaptive Control for Energy Efficiency (2004)

In this paper, we propose multihop time reservation using adaptive control for energy efficiency (MH-TRACE), which is a medium access control (MAC) protocol that combines advantageous features of fully centralized and fully distributed networks for energy-efficient real-time packet broadcasting in a multihop radio network. We introduce a novel clustering algorithm that dynamically organizes the network into two-hop clusters. MH-TRACE clusters are just for coordinating channel access and minimizing interference; thus, ordinary nodes are not static members of any cluster. Time is organized into cyclic superframes, which consist of several time frames, to support reservation-based periodic channel access for real-time traffic. Each clusterhead chooses the frame with least interference based on its own measurements for the operation of its cluster. Energy dissipation for receiving unwanted or collided data packets or for waiting in idle mode is avoided through the use of information summarization packets sent prior to the data transmissions by the source nodes. Through the use of transmission schedules within each cluster, managed by the clusterheads, intracluster data collisions are completely eliminated and intercluster collisions are minimized. We investigated MH-TRACE through extensive simulations and theoretical analysis. Our results show that MH-TRACE outperforms existing distributed MAC protocols like IEEE 802.11 and sensor MAC, in terms of energy efficiency and throughput, approaching the theoretical maximum throughput and theoretical minimum energy dissipation.
Production of low axial energy spread ion beams with multicusp sources (1998)

Multicusp ion sources are capable of producing ions with low axial energy spread which are necessary in applications such as: ion projection lithography (IPL) and focused ion beams for the next generation lithographic tools and nuclear science experiments such as radioactive ion beam production. The axial ion energy spread for multicusp source is approximately 6 eV which is too large for IPL and radioactive ion beam applications. The addition of a magnetic filter which consists of a pair of permanent magnets to the multicusp source reduces the energy spread considerably. The reduction is due to the improvement in the uniformity of the axial plasma potential distribution in the discharge region. Axial ion energy spread of the filament driven ion source has been measured using three different techniques. In all cases, it was found to be less than 2 eV. Energy spread of the radio frequency (RF) driven source has also been explored, and it was found to be less than 3 eV with the proper RF-shielding. A new multicusp source configuration has been designed and constructed to further reduce the energy spread. To achieve a more uniform axial plasma potential distribution, a cylindrical magnetic filter has been designed and constructed for a 2-cm-diameter source. This new source configuration, the co-axial source, is new in its kind. The energy spread in this source has been measured to be a record low of 0.6 eV. Because of the novelty of this device, some plasma parameters inside the source have been studied. Langmuir probe has been used to measure the plasma potential, the electron temperature and the density distribution.
Optimizing the Placement of Integration Points in Multi-hop Wireless Networks (2004)

Efficient integration of a multi-hop wireless network with the Internet is an important research problem. In a wireless neighborhood network, a few Internet Transit Access Points (ITAPs), serving as gateways to the Internet, are deployed across the neighborhood; houses are equipped with low-cost antennas, and form a multi-hop wireless network among themselves to cooperatively route traffic to the Internet through the ITAPs. For both these applications, placement of integration points between the wireless and wired network is a critical determinant of system performance and resource usage. In this paper, we explore the placement problem under three wireless link models. For each link model, we develop algorithms to make informed placement decisions based on neighborhood layouts, user demands, and wireless link characteristics. We also extend our algorithms to provide fault tolerance and handle significant workload variation. We evaluate our placement algorithms and show that our algorithms yield close to optimal solutions over a wide range of scenarios we have considered.
Complementary Electrolyte Design for Li Metal Batteries in Electric Vehicle Applications (2021)

A complementary electrolyte system with 0.8 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonylimide) (LiFSI) salt and 2 wt % lithium perchlorate (LiClO<sub>4</sub>) additive in fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) solution enables not only stable cycling of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with practical loading (<30 μm lithium anode, cathode loading > 4 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup>) but also outstanding degradation stability toward the end of cycle life when compared to the conventional electrolyte. Although the use of LiFSI salt can increase the electrolyte conductivity and lengthen the cycle life of LMBs, the aged lithium anode morphology formed by the sacrificial decomposition of LiFSI is highly porous, leading to an abrupt cell capacity drop toward the end of cycling. Moreover, the inability to stop aluminum corrosion by the LiFSI-based electrolyte also causes cracking of the cathode tab during prolonged cycling. It is observed that a highly porous aged lithium consumed electrolyte at a higher rate, leading to the dry-out of electrolyte solvents. On the contrary, dense aged lithium anode morphology increased the localized current applied on the lithium, causing the formation of lithium dendrite. Thus, porosity control is the key to enhance battery performance. In this complementary system, LiClO<sub>4</sub> was introduced as an advanced additive to not only improve the capacity retention rate but also mitigate the abrupt capacity drop toward the end of cycle life because LiClO<sub>4</sub> acted as a pore astringent reducing the porosity of the aged lithium metal anode to the desired level. Moreover, the addition of LiClO<sub>4</sub> can also suppress the Al corrosion, allowing stable high-voltage cycling of LMBs. The synergistic effect of combining LiFSI salt and a LiClO<sub>4</sub> additive leads to an electrolyte system that can facilitate the application of high-energy LMBs with practical electrode loading.
A compute-Efficient Bitmap Compression Index for Database Applications (2006)

FastBit: A Compute-Efficient Bitmap Compression Index for Database Applications The Word-Aligned Hybrid (WAH) bitmap compression method and data structure is highly efficient for performing search and retrieval operations on large datasets. The WAH technique is optimized for computational efficiency. The WAH-based bitmap indexing software, called FastBit, is particularly appropriate to infrequently varying databases, including those found in the on-line analytical processing (OLAP) industry. Some commercial database products already include some Version of a bitmap index, which could possibly be replaced by the WAR bitmap compression techniques for potentially large operational speedup. Experimental results show performance improvements by an average factor of 10 over bitmap technology used by industry, as well as increased efficiencies in constructing compressed bitmaps. FastBit can be use as a stand-alone index, or integrated into a database system. ien integrated into a database system, this technique may be particularly useful for real-time business analysis applications. Additional FastRit applications may include efficient real-time exploration of scientific models, such as climate and combustion simulations, to minimize search time for analysis and subsequent data visualization. FastBit was proven theoretically to be time-optimal because it provides a search time proportional to the number of elements selected by the index.
Risk-based driver assistance for approaching intersections of limited visibility (2017)

This work addresses the general problem of risk evaluation in traffic scenarios for the case of limited observability of the scene due to a restricted sensory coverage. Here we especially concentrate on intersection scenarios, which are visually difficult to access. To distinguish the area of sight, we employ publicly available digital map data which includes, besides the general road geometry, information about buildings potentially blocking the driver's visibility. Based on the estimated area of sight, we augment the sensory perceived environment with potentially present, but not perceivable, critical scene entities. For those potentially present scene entities, we predict a, for the ego driver, worst-case-like behavior and evaluate the upcoming collision risk. This risk model can then be employed to enrich the traffic scene analysis with potentially upcoming hazards, which result from a restricted sensory coverage. Furthermore, it can be utilized to evaluate the driver's current behavior in terms of risk, warn the driver in case its current behavior is considered as critical and give suggestions on how to act in a risk-aversive way. By applying the resulting intersection warning system to real world scenarios, we could validate our approach. The proposed system's behavior reveals to be highly similar to the general behavior of a correctly acting human driver.
Correction of Saturated Regions in RGB Color Space (2016)

In a digital image, color representation of a digital image sensor is limited to a narrow dynamic range. Especially, when extremely bright light is captured, the original color of a scene is saturated to the maximum value, up to which a digital image sensor can represent the color. This paper proposes an algorithm that corrects the color in a saturated region, where the original color is distorted and lost. For natural correction, i.e., to minimize the artifacts near the boundary of a saturated region, the proposed method uses the weighted sum of color value(s) in the saturated color channel(s) of neighborhood of saturated regions. In determining the weight of each pixel, saturation, hue, and color values are used with the certainty map. Using the certainty map, the proposed method can reliably distinguish the unsaturated and already desaturated neighboring pixels from the remaining pixels. Then, the proposed correction method computes the weight function using saturation, hue, and color values. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can get reliable corrected colors. Comparison of experimental results of the proposed and existing correction methods shows the effectiveness of the proposed saturated region correction method in the view of natural color restoration.
Date Palm Surface Fibers for Green Thermal Insulation (2022)

Some of the major challenges of the twenty-first century include the continued increase in energy consumption and environmental pollution. One approach to overcoming these challenges is to increase the use of waste materials and environmentally friendly manufacturing methods. The high energy consumption in the building sector contributes significantly to global climatic changes. Here, by using date palm surface fibers, a high-performance green insulation material was developed via a simple technique that did not rely on any toxic ingredients. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a binding agent. Four insulation samples were made, each with a different density within the range of 203 to 254 kg/m3. Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values for these four green insulators were 0.038–0.051 W/m·K and 0.137–0.147 mm2/s, respectively. Thermal transmittance (U-value) of the four insulation composites was between 3.8–5.1 W/m2·K, which was in good comparison to other insulators of similar thickness. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that insulating sample have excellent thermal stability, with an initial degradation temperature of 282 °C, at which just 6% of its original weight is lost. Activation energy (Ea) analysis revealed the fire-retardancy and weakened combustion characteristics for the prepared insulation composite. According to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, the insulating sample has a melting point of 225 °C, which is extremely close to the melting point of the binder. The fiber-based insulating material’s composition was confirmed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ultimate tensile range of the insulation material is 6.9–10 MPa, being a reasonable range. Our study’s findings suggest that developing insulation materials from date palm waste is a promising technique for developing green and low-cost alternatives to petroleum-based high-cost and toxic insulating materials. These insulation composites can be installed in building envelopes during construction.
A SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO ORGANIC AEROGELS - MECHANISM, STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES (1989)

The base catalyzed, aqueous reaction of resorcinol with formaldehyde follows a sol-gel pathway in which surface functionalized polymer"clusters" are formed. The covalent crosslinking of these "clusters" produces gels which are dried under supercritical conditions to obtain low density, organic aerogels (≤ 200 mg/cc) . The aerogels are transparent and have cell sizes less than 100Å. Their microstructure consists of interconnected colloidal-like particles with diameters of 30-100 Å. The particle size, cell size, surface area, and density of resorcinol - formaldehyde (RF) aerogels are largely determined by the catalyst concentration in the mixture. RF aerogels are similar to silica aerogels in many ways, yet a comparison of their mechanical properties suggests subtle morphological differences.
Prevention of Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms during Catheter Exchange using Antimicrobial Catheters (2014)

Exchanging a central venous catheter (CVC) over a guide wire for a fresh uncoated CVC in the presence of bacteremia can result in cross-infection of the newly exchanged CVC. A recent retrospective clinical study showed that exchanging a catheter over a guide wire in the presence of bacteremia using an antimicrobial minocycline-rifampin (M/R) catheter may improve outcomes. To expand on this, we developed an in vitro cross-contamination model of exchange to evaluate the efficacy of different antimicrobial CVCs in preventing cross-contamination of multidrug-resistant organisms during exchange. Uncoated CVCs were allowed to form biofilm by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. After 24 h, the biofilm-colonized CVCs were placed in a glass tube containing bovine calf serum plus Mueller-Hinton broth, and each catheter was exchanged over a guide wire for a fresh uncoated or an M/R-, chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine (CHX/SS)-, or chlorhexidine-M/R (CHX-M/R)-coated CVC. Cross-contamination of exchanged catheters was enumerated by sonication and quantitative plating methods. The exchange of M/R CVCs completely prevented cross-contamination by MRSA biofilms compared to control exchanged CVCs (P<0.0001). Exchange with CHX/SS CVCs reduced but did not completely prevent cross-contamination by MRSA (P=0.005). Exchange with CHX-M/R CVCs completely prevented cross-contamination by MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans biofilms (P<0.0001). Furthermore, CHX-M/R CVCs were superior to M/R CVCs against P. aeruginosa and C. albicans (P=0.003) and were superior to CHX/SS CVCs against MRSA and P. aeruginosa (P=0.01). In conclusion, exchange with the novel CHX-M/R CVC was the only exchange effective in completely and concurrently preventing cross-contamination from bacteria and Candida.
Synthesis of arbitrary broadband signals for a parametric array (1982)

An adaptive signal synthesis technique is presented that computes the waveform needed as input to a parametric array source so that the received signal has a prescribed waveform for a particular source-receiver geometry. The technique uses the Fourier transform of the digitized received signal waveform as a basis for modifying the source signal recursively until the received waveform is close to a desired shape. The method avoids completely the numerical integrations normally associated with parametric source signal design and converges to a satisfactory result within a few iterations. Thus it is fast enough to be used on line. The theory underlying the method is outlined and some examples of signals designed using the instrumentation of the Yale Hydroacoustic Communications Facility are presented.