gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double-beam diffraction-grating transducers for improved blood flow measurement (2008)

Two diffraction-grating transducers on either side of a conventional transducer form a configuration with useful properties: when placed in or on the wall of a blood vessel, the blood velocity along the axis of the vessel, i.e. the component of velocity that produces net flow, equals the Doppler shift multiplied by the spatial period of the diffraction-grating transducers, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">independently</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">the</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">frequency</i> used to drive the transducers. That and other properties leading to better blood flow measurement are described and experimentally validated.
Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub>-Catalyzed Photoreversible Color Switching (2014)

We report a novel photoreversible color switching system based on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanocrystals and the redox-driven color switching property of methylene blue (MB). This system rapidly changes from blue to colorless under UV irradiation and recovers its original blue color under visible light irradiation. We have identified four major competing reactions that contribute to the photoreversible switching, among which two are dominant: the decoloration process is mainly driven by the reduction of MB to leuco MB by photogenerated electrons from TiO2 nanocrystals under UV irradiation, and the recoloration process operates by the TiO2-induced self-catalyzed oxidation of LMB under visible irradiation. Compared with the conventional color switching systems based on photoisomerization of chromophores, our system has not only low toxicity but also significantly improved switching rate and cycling performance. It is envisioned that this photoreversible system may promise unique opportunities for many light-driven actuating or color switching applications.
Effects of Tissue Mimicking Material on Transient Cavitation Produced During Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (1996)

Abstract Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a widely used treatment modality for kidney and ureteral stones1. Recent studies have shown that transient cavitation induced by the tensile components of the lithotripsy shock waves is a primary mechanism for both stone fragmentation and tissue injury2. Thus, the ability to detect and monitor the cavitation activity during ESWL is important to ensure the effectiveness and the safety of the treatment. In this study, we have used acoustic emission measurement and high-speed photography to assess the transient cavitation generated during ESWL. The effects of tissue mimicking material on ESWL-induced cavitation activity was examined.
APDV (2013)

The Adaptive Publish-subscribe Distance Vector (APDV) protocol is introduced as an example of a new approach to allowing distance-vector routing to scale by integrating it with adaptive publish-subscribe mechanisms. APDV combines establishing routes to well-known controllers using distance-vector signaling with publish-subscribe mechanisms. The latter allow destinations to publish their presence with subsets of controllers, and sources to obtain routes to intended destinations from those same controllers. Controllers are selected dynamically using a fault-tolerant distributed election algorithm to ensure that each non-controller node is covered by at least a given number of controllers within a few hops. Extensive simulation experiments are used to compare APDV with AODV and OLSR, which are representative protocols for on-demand and proactive routing. The results show that APDV achieves significantly better data delivery, attains comparable delays for delivered packets, and incurs orders of magnitude less control overhead than AODV and OLSR, even under heavy data loads.
InP photonic integrated externally injected gain switched optical frequency comb (2017)

We report on an InP photonic integrated circuit for the generation of an externally injected gain switched optical frequency comb. The device is fully characterized and generates a comb with frequency spacing ranging from 6 to 10 GHz, good noise properties that include relative intensity noise of <-130 dB/Hz and linewidth of 1.5 MHz, and a high phase correlation between comb lines. These characteristics, in conjunction with the compactness and cost efficiency of the integrated device, demonstrate the quality of the resultant comb source for numerous applications.
Long Short-Term Memory Network for Remaining Useful Life estimation (2017)

Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of a component or a system is defined as the length from the current time to the end of the useful life. Accurate RUL estimation plays a critical role in Prognostics and Health Management(PHM). Data driven approaches for RUL estimation use sensor data and operational data to estimate RUL. Traditional regression based approaches and recent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach use features created from sliding windows to build models. However, sequence information is not fully considered in these approaches. Sequence learning models such as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have flaws when modeling sequence information. HMMs are limited to discrete hidden states and are known to have issues when modeling long-term dependencies in the data. RNNs also have issues with long-term dependencies. In this work, we propose a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) approach for RUL estimation, which can make full use of the sensor sequence information and expose hidden patterns within sensor data with multiple operating conditions, fault and degradation models. Extensive experiments using three widely adopted Prognostics and Health Management data sets show that LSTM for RUL estimation significantly outperforms traditional approaches for RUL estimation as well as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN).
Measuring Drug Action in the Cellular Context Using Protein-Fragment Complementation Assays (2003)

Cellular signal transduction occurs in the context of dynamic multiprotein complexes in highly ramified pathways. These complexes in turn interact with the cytoskeleton, protein scaffolds, membranes, lipid rafts, and specific subcellular organelles, contributing to the exquisitely tight regulation of their localization and activity. However, these realities of drug target biology are not addressed by currently available drug discovery platforms. In this article, we describe the use of protein-fragment complementation assays (PCAs) to assess drugs and drug targets in the context of their native environment. The PCA process allows for the detection of protein-protein complexes following the expression of full-length mammalian genes linked in-frame to polypeptide fragments of rationally dissected reporter genes. If cellular activity causes the association of two proteins linked to complementary reporter fragments, the interaction of the proteins of interest enables refolding of the fragments, which can then generate a quantifiable signal. Using a PCA based on a yellow fluorescent protein, we demonstrate that functional (p50/p65) complexes of the heterodimeric nuclear factor-kappaB transcription factor, as well as the transcription factor subunit p65 and its modulator IkappaBalpha, can be visualized and monitored in live cells. We observed similar responses of the PCA assays to the activities of the cognate endogenous proteins, including modulation by known agonists and antagonists. A proof-of-concept high throughput screen was carried out using the p50/p65 cell line, and potent inhibitors of this pathway were identified. These assays record the dynamic activity of signaling pathways in living cells and in real time, and validate the utility of PCA as a novel approach to drug discovery.
Effect of divertor bias on plasma flow in the DIII-D scrape-off layer (1992)

A toroidal ring bias electrode in contact with the single-null divertor scrape-off layer in the DIII-D tokamak achieved electric field control of plasma flow in the layer. Bias strongly altered the static pressure of neutralized gas in the new divertor chamber (designed for future pumping) during Ohmic, L-mode and ELMing H-mode plasma operation. The pressure increased or decreased, depending on the signs of the applied electric potential and toroidal magnetic field, in agreement with the E*B drift direction. The variation of the core plasma density was opposite to the variation of the pump chamber gas pressure and was proportionally much smaller. A large bias induced pressure rise appeared even when the scrape-off layer was not directed at the pump entrance aperture-a surprising effect that is interpreted qualitatively in terms of radial potential discontinuities. Bias also affected divertor heat fluxes, and preliminary observations are discussed qualitatively
Nonreciprocal lasing in topological cavities of arbitrary geometries (2017)

Resonant cavities are essential building blocks governing many wave-based phenomena, but their geometry and reciprocity fundamentally limit the integration of optical devices. We report, at telecommunication wavelengths, geometry-independent and integrated nonreciprocal topological cavities that couple stimulated emission from one-way photonic edge states to a selected waveguide output with an isolation ratio in excess of 10 decibels. Nonreciprocity originates from unidirectional edge states at the boundary between photonic structures with distinct topological invariants. Our experimental demonstration of lasing from topological cavities provides the opportunity to develop complex topological circuitry of arbitrary geometries for the integrated and robust generation and transport of photons in classical and quantum regimes.
Streamlined Total Synthesis of Trioxacarcins and Its Application to the Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Analogues Thereof. Discovery of Simpler Designed and Potent Trioxacarcin Analogues (2017)

A streamlined total synthesis of the naturally occurring antitumor agents trioxacarcins is described, along with its application to the construction of a series of designed analogues of these complex natural products. Biological evaluation of the synthesized compounds revealed a number of highly potent, and yet structurally simpler, compounds that are effective against certain cancer cell lines, including a drug-resistant line. A novel one-step synthesis of anthraquinones and chloro anthraquinones from simple ketone precursors and phenylselenyl chloride is also described. The reported work, featuring novel chemistry and cascade reactions, has potential applications in cancer therapy, including targeted approaches as in antibody-drug conjugates.
Bioaugmentation Can Increase Steady-State Methane Production and COD Reduction in Anaerobic Digesters (2012)

Bioaugmentation Can Increase Steady-State Methane Production and COD Reduction in Anaerobic DigestersBioaugmentation was investigated to improve anaerobic digesters at steady state. Two digester sets (Sets A and B), were seeded with different inocula and operated (HRT = 10 days, OLR = 4 g-COD/LR-day). Bioaugmented digesters received 50 mg-VSS/LR-day of an active culture enriched for H2/CO2 and propionate utilization. The bioaugmented Set-A digesters...Author(s)Kaushik VenkiteshwaranMatthew SeibBenjamin BocherDaniel ZitomerSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Sep, 2012ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864712811709869Volume / Issue2012 / 10Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2012Word count162
The role of endostatin in fibroproliferative disorders.<br/>—as a candidate for anti-fibrosis therapy— (2013)

There are no effective treatments for fibrosis, an out-of-control wound-healing process in which excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Endostatin is a natural proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, which is known to possess potent antiangiogenic activity. Many clinical trials of endostatin have been conducted for anti-cancer therapy. In addition to antiangiogenic effects, recent studies have revealed that endostatin may suppress aberrant tissue remodeling and scarring. Neutralization of endogenous endostatin in rat myocardial infarction (MI) model worsened the outcomes of MI, indicating that endostatin may have protective role against left ventricular remodeling and heart failure after MI. Recently, we also reported inhibitory effects of peptides derived from endostatin on fibrosis. A peptide derived from the C-terminus of endostatin suppressed ECM production in fibroblasts in the presence of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), prevented TGF-β-induced dermal fibrosis ex vivo in human skin, and ameliorated skin and pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in vivo. The antifibrotic capacity was accompanied by reduced cell apoptosis and lower levels of lysyl oxidase and early growth response gene-1. Endostation may have the therapeutic potential for inhibiting fibrosis.
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing for Post-Weld and OnLine Detection of Friction Stir Welding Defects (2016)

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques of phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) and digital X-ray radiography were employed on friction stir (FS)-welded Aluminum Alloy (AA)-2219-T87 specimens. PAUT intricacies required for scanning of FS-welded specimens with a 10-MHz 32-element transducer are discussed. The time corrected gain (TCG) calibration is required for scanning with an increase in index offset to compensate for decrease in A-Scan signal peak amplitude. Calibration techniques to find small defects with appropriate size tolerances are also established. The NDE technique of digital X-ray radiography is compared to PAUT, where it was found that a calibrated PAUT system is able to discover defects less than 0.2 mm where X-ray radiography could not. Incomplete penetration (IP), wormhole (WH), surface cavity (SC), and internal void (IV) defects are analyzed. Furthermore, an online PAUT system for FSW has been developed and successfully tested. The work provided herein will provide a gateway for an ultimate goal of an automated PAUT online sensing system.
A Novel Liposomal Nanoparticle for the Imaging of Amyloid Plaque by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2016)

Amyloid binding molecules with greater hydrophilicity than existing ligands were synthesized. The lead candidate ET6-21 bound amyloid fibrils, and amyloid deposits in dog brain and human brain tissue ex vivo. The ligand was used to prepare novel amyloid-targeted liposomal nanoparticles. The preparation was tested in the Tg2576 and TetO/APP mouse models of amyloid deposition. Gd chelates and Indocyanine green were included in the particles for visualization by MRI and near-infrared microscopy. Upon intravenous injection, the particles successfully traversed the blood-brain barrier in these mice, and bound to the plaques. Magnetic resonance imaging (T1-MRI) conducted 4 days after injection demonstrated elevated signal in the brains of mice with amyloid plaques present. No signal was observed in amyloid-negative mice, or in amyloid-positive mice injected with an untargeted version of the same agent. The MRI results were confirmed by immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic examination of mouse brain sections, showing colocalization of the fluorescent tags and amyloid deposits.
Recent Developments in the Maytansinoid Antitumor Agents (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM with Blind Selected Pilot Tone Modulation (2006)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a spectrally efficient multicarrier modulation technique for high speed data transmission over multipath fading channels. However, the price paid for the high spectral efficiency is low power efficiency. OFDM signals suffer from high peak-to-average power ratios (PARs) which lead to power inefficiency in the RF portion of the transmitter. Selected mapping (SLM) is a promising distortionless technique to reduce the PAR of an OFDM signal. In this paper, we propose a novel technique which links the index of the phase rotation sequence in SLM to the location of the pilot tones that are used to estimate the channel. Each pilot tone location-phase sequence selection can lead to a different PAR value for the time-domain OFDM signal, and the signal with the lowest PAR value is transmitted. Our proposed method is "blind" in the sense that the "optimum" pilot tone location-phase sequence index is not transmitted as side information. We describe a novel technique to blindly detect the optimum index at the receiver by taking advantage of the disparity between the pilot tone and information signal powers. PAR reduction performance as well as BER performance of the proposed method in frequency selective fading channels are illustrated.
A Silicon Optical Transistor (2012)

A fundamental road block for all-optical information processing is the difficulty in realizing a silicon optical transistor with the ability to provide optical gain, input output isolation and buffer action. In this work, we demonstrate an all-optical transistor using optical nonlinearity in microrings. By using weak light to control strong light, we observed an On/Off ratio up to 20 dB. It can compensate losses in other optical devices and provide fan-out capability. The device is ultra compact and is compatible with current complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processing.
ZnO thin film transistor immunosensor with high sensitivity and selectivity (2011)

A zinc oxide thin film transistor-based immunosensor (ZnO-bioTFT) is presented. The back-gate TFT has an on-off ratio of 108 and a threshold voltage of 4.25 V. The ZnO channel surface is biofunctionalized with primary monoclonal antibodies that selectively bind with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Detection of the antibody-antigen reaction is achieved through channel carrier modulation via pseudo double-gating field effect caused by the biochemical reaction. The sensitivity of 10 fM detection of pure EGFR proteins is achieved. The ZnO-bioTFT immunosensor also enables selectively detecting 10 fM of EGFR in a 5 mg/ml goat serum solution containing various other proteins.
Ability of an Arterial Waveform Analysis–Derived Hypotension Prediction Index to Predict Future Hypotensive Events in Surgical Patients (2019)

The Hypotension Prediction Index provides an accurate real time and continuous prediction of impending intraoperative hypotension before its occurrence and has superior predictive ability than the commonly measured perioperative hemodynamic variables.
A component-based approach to telecommunication software (1998)

This article discusses a domain-specific component-based architecture called distributed feature composition. Based on the well-known pipe-and-filter architecture, DFC has been refined for use in the telecommunication domain. The authors also point to ways this approach might work in other domains, including data networks.
New Pyridopyrimidone Derivatives: Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies, and Potential Anticancer Activity (2019)

A new series of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidones incorporated pyrazoles and fused triazoles are synthesized and tested in vitro for cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines: HePG-2, HCT-116, MCF-7, PC-3, and A-549. Their inhibition of protein kinase is assessed. The highest growth inhibitory (IC50 0.3 µM) effect is determined for one of compounds as compared with doxorubicin (IC50 0.6 µM). A modeling study is performed for approaching the compounds mode of binding and their similarity with the positive control drugs.
Transcriptional analysis of the promoter region of the Pseudomonas putida branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase operon (1990)

Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase is a multienzyme complex produced by Pseudomonas putida when it is grown in a minimal medium containing branched-chain amino acids. A 1.87-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment was cloned and sequenced which contained 0.24 kb of the E1 alpha structural gene and 1.6 kb of upstream DNA. There were 854 base pairs (bp) of noncoding DNA upstream of bkdA1, the first gene of the bkd operon, and 592 bp between the transcriptional and translational starts. The G + C content of the noncoding region was 56.7% compared with 65.2% for all the structural genes of the operon. A partial open reading frame was found on the strand opposite that of the bkd operon beginning at base 774. When the bkd promoter was cloned into the promoter probe vector pKT240, streptomycin resistance was obtained in P. putida but not Escherichia coli with the promoter in both orientations, which indicates either that the bkd promoter is bidirectional or that there are two promoters in this region. A series of ordered deletions on both sides of the proposed site of the start of transcription revealed that almost 700 bp upstream of the start of translation were required for expression. Streptomycin resistance was also obtained in an rpoN mutant of P. putida KT2440 containing constructs with the intact bkd promoter, indicating that the bkd operon does not require the rpoN sigma factor for expression. Another construct containing the bkd promoter, bkdA1, and bkdA2 in pKT240 was used to transform P. putida JS113, a mutant which was unable to produce the E1 subunits of the branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase. In this case, very high inducible expression of the bkd operon was obtained.
Assessing face and speech consistency for monologue detection in video (2002)

This paper considers schemes for determining which of a set of faces on screen, if any, is producing speech in a video soundtrack. Whilst motivated by the TREC 2002 (Video Retrieval Track) monologue detection task, the schemes are also applicable to voice and face-based biometrics systems, for assessing lip synchronization quality in movie editing and computer animation, and for speaker localization in video. Several approaches are discussed: two implementations of a generic mutual-information-based measure of the degree of synchrony between signals, which can be used with or without prior speech and face detection, and a stronger model-based scheme which follows speech and face detection with an assessment of face and lip movement plausibility. Schemes are compared on a corpus of 1016 test cases containing multiple faces and multiple speakers, a test set 200 times larger than the nearest comparable test set of which we are aware. The most successful and computationally cheapest scheme obtains an accuracy of 82% on the task of picking the consistent speaker from a set including three confusers. A final experiment demonstrates the potential utility of the scheme for speaker localization in video.