gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A large area 1.3-megapixel full-frame CCD image sensor with a lateral-overflow drain and a transparent gate electrode (2002)

A large-area, 1.3 million pixel, full-frame CCD (charge coupled device) image sensor has been developed that incorporates both a lateral-overflow drain (LOD) for antiblooming control and a transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO) gate electrode for increased photosensitivity. The LOD offers high responsivity, extremely linear photoresponse, and ultrahigh optical overload protection. The replacement of one polysilicon phase with ITO increases the quantum efficiency at 400 nm to 15.8% from the 1.5% for the standard double polysilicon gate electrode process. The LOD design allows for antiblooming suppression in excess of 43000 times the saturation signal while maintaining better than 1% nonlinearity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aspects off the engineering design of whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance machines (1987)

Whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machines are being installed at a surprisingly rapid rate in hospitals worldwide. There they are seen as having an imaging sensitivity at least as good as that of CT X-ray scanners with additional capabilities for the display and measurement of flow and of noninvasive chemical analysis for the monitoring of metabolism. The engineering of such machines is demanding, with requirements for great precision, not only from magnets, but also from electronics ranging from direct current to radio frequencies with power levels varying from nanowatts to many kilowatts. The paper reviews the basic physics very briefly, then examines the design requirements and engineering constraints for the major components of a system; although magnet design and construction, a paper in its own right, is not considered here. The paper concludes with a brief resumé of the techniques used, and a short presentation of the type of results that are achieved.
Repetition rate stabilization of a mode-locked laser-PIC optical frequency comb using harmonic injection locking (2019)

We present an all-optical technique to divide millimeter-wave range (20–80GHz) optical frequency combs down to microwave regime (10GHz) using harmonic injection locking of a chip-scale MLL achieving a repetition rate stability of 10−10 at 1s.
Specificity of antibodies induced by Streptococcus mutans during immunization against dental caries. (1980)

Protection against smooth surface dental caries was investigated in fifteen young rhesus monkeys which were immunized subcutaneously with Streptococcus mutans serotype c in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Monkeys immunized with killed whole organisms developed significantly less caries than control animals. Monkeys immunized with pronase-treated cell walls developed significantly more caries than control animals while monkeys immunized with untreated cell walls showed no such enhancement of caries. Haemagglutinating and complement-fixing antibodies to cell walls and culture supernatant antigens (SN Ag) of S. mutans developed in the sera of all immunized animals to a similar degree. Antibodies to lipoteichoic acid and to an insoluble dextran preparation were found in all immunized animals and showed no relationship to the prevalence of caries. Antibodies to the serotype c polysaccharide were also found in animals immunized with whole cells and pronase-treated cell walls. However, precipitating antibody levels to partially purified antigens I/II and II, derived from SN Ag, but present also in cells, were related to the development of caries. Animals immunized with whole cells and with untreated cell walls developed a brisk antibody response to antigen I/II, while those immunized with pronase-treated cell walls responded more slowly. The results suggest that immunization may induce both caries reduction and enhancement, depending on the antibody response which is developed.
Silicide formation in thin cosputtered (tantalum + silicon) films on polycrystalline silicon and SiO2 (1980)

Formation of tantalum silicides has been investigated by cosputtering tantalum and silicon on polycrystalline silicon and oxidized silicon wafers. Alloys with as-deposited Si/Ta atomic ratios of 0.6 to 3 are sintered in hydrogen or argon ambient in the temperature range 400–1000 °C. It is found that for alloys with Si/Ta?1.0 and sintered at temperatures &lt;700 °C, only Ta5Si3 is formed. At higher temperatures and in presence of polycrystalline silicon TaSi2 is formed. In the absence of polycrystalline silicon (i.e., on oxide) only Ta5Si3 is formed at all temperatures. For alloys with Si/Ta ratios ?2 only TaSi2 is formed. In all cases the resistivity decreases as a result of sintering, ending up in a value as a low as ∼50 μΩ cm after 1000 °C/30 min sintering. The stress in the silicided films is found to be nearly 1×1010 dyn/cm2, tensile. The results have been explained on the basis of the fact that in cosputtered films interaction occurs locally which leads to smaller grain size, higher resistivities, lower stress, and smoother surface.
Deep Factors for Forecasting (2019)

Producing probabilistic forecasts for large collections of similar and/or dependent time series is a practically relevant and challenging task. Classical time series models fail to capture complex patterns in the data, and multivariate techniques struggle to scale to large problem sizes. Their reliance on strong structural assumptions makes them data-efficient, and allows them to provide uncertainty estimates. The converse is true for models based on deep neural networks, which can learn complex patterns and dependencies given enough data. In this paper, we propose a hybrid model that incorporates the benefits of both approaches. Our new method is data-driven and scalable via a latent, global, deep component. It also handles uncertainty through a local classical model. We provide both theoretical and empirical evidence for the soundness of our approach through a necessary and sufficient decomposition of exchangeable time series into a global and a local part. Our experiments demonstrate the advantages of our model both in term of data efficiency, accuracy and computational complexity.
Digital scheme for quantizer and integrator swing reduction in multibit sigma-delta modulator (2006)

This paper proposes a scheme for reducing the maximum swing requirement of the integrator and quantizer in a delta-sigma modulator and discusses its advantages. This technique makes the modulator less sensitive to amplifier non-linearities in the integrator. Moreover, the number of comparators in the multibit quantizer can be greatly reduced since the quantizer only needs to resolve signals with maximum amplitude much less than its own full-scale. Therefore, power and area for the quantizer and loading on the integrator that precedes the quantizer are also reduced. The additional circuitry needed in this scheme can be easily implemented in digital domain.
Characteristics of polyacrylic acid-complexed zinc phosphate conversion films deposited on metal surfaces (1984)

When water-soluble polyacrylic acid (PAA) macromolecules having MW 90,000 to 250,000 are introduced into zinc phosphating liquids, significant improvements in the properties of conventional crystalline zinc phosphate conversion films deposited on carbon steel surfaces can be obtained. The improvements include the controllability of the crystal dimensions, the degree of crystallinity, and the coating weight. The conversion complex formation plays an essential role in increasing the ductility of the normally brittle conventional crystal films. Furthermore, the thickness (20 to 40 A) and surface roughness of the thin PAA overlayer significantly acts to enhance the adhesive force at the interface between organic polymer topcoats and the complex coating.
Carbon dioxide fixation and ethanol production with marine microalgae (2002)

Microalgae were screened from seawater for CO_2 fixation and ethanol production by self-fermentation and measured for their growth rate, starch content, and conversion rate from starch to ethanol. More than 250 strains were isolated, and some of them were found to be suitable properties for the objectives. One of the excellent strains, Chlamydomonas perigranulata YA-SH-1,which was named as a new species showed (1) a growth rate of 30g/m^2・d, (2) a starch content of 30% (dry base), (3) a conversion rate from intracellular starch to ethanol of 50% in the dark and anaerobic condition. Proposed new ethanol production system consists of microalgal cultivation, alagal cells' harvest, self-fermentation of algae, and ethanol extraction processes. The system seems more simple and less energy cosuming compared with the conventional one. If the microalgal potentialities such as microalgal productivity, starch content, and ethanol conversion are improved, the system should be an effective means for CO_2 fixation and energy production using microalgal biomass.
<i>In vitro</i> propagation of <i>Crambe maritima</i> (1987)

A method for rapid micropropagation of sea kale (Crambe maritima L.) was developed. Petiole explants placed in vitro on a medium containing 0.5 mg/L indoleacetic acid (IAA), 6.0 mg/L kinetin, and 1.5 mg/L benzylaminopurine developed callus within 15 days and shoots within 28 days. Nearly four adventitious shoots could be developed within 3 weeks by placing the initial shoot on media without IAA. To develop roots, the shoots were then transferred to the basal medium containing 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L indolbutyric or α-naphthaleneacetic acid. Rooted plantlets were obtained within 2 or 3 weeks. After an acclimatization period of 6 weeks in a greenhouse in unsterilized medium, the plantlets could be set outdoors.
First Data from a Commercial Local Electrode Atom Probe (LEAP) (2004)

The first dedicated local electrode atom probes (LEAP [a trademark of Imago Scientific Instruments Corporation]) have been built and tested as commercial prototypes. Several key performance parameters have been markedly improved relative to conventional three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) designs. The Imago LEAP can operate at a sustained data collection rate of 1 million atoms/minute. This is some 600 times faster than the next fastest atom probe and large images can be collected in less than 1 h that otherwise would take many days. The field of view of the Imago LEAP is about 40 times larger than conventional 3DAPs. This makes it possible to analyze regions that are about 100 nm diameter by 100 nm deep containing on the order of 50 to 100 million atoms with this instrument. Several example applications that illustrate the advantages of the LEAP for materials analysis are presented.
A low voltage switched-capacitor current reference circuit with low dependence on process, voltage and temperature (2003)

A low voltage switched-capacitor circuit that generates an almost constant reference current across process, voltage and temperature (PVT) is proposed. The reference voltage is generated by a low voltage band-gap circuit. The output reference current is obtained by applying the generated reference voltage to a low voltage V-I converter. The resistor in the proposed V-I converter is further replaced by a switched capacitor resistor. Due to less variation in the capacitor value across PVT's and high accuracy in integrated voltage reference, the output reference current remains fairly constant. The circuit has been designed in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS process at 1.5 V supply voltage. The simulation results show that the output reference current is quite insensitive to PVT and varies linearly with clock frequency and capacitor value of the switched capacitor resistor.
FRESHâMARKET QUALITY TREE FRUIT HARVESTER PART II: APPLES (2003)

A twosided mechanical harvester was developed to remove apples grown on narrowinclined trellises. Units wereessentially mirror images. On each unit the harvester operator used joysticks to position and engage a rapid displacementactuator (RDA) on main scaffolds to effect fruit removal. Catching conveyors were designed to intercept falling fruit withoutdamage and elevate the fruit to a collecting conveyor. Cushioned catcher pans on each unit were used to seal around the trunkand connect the two units. Fruit removal was 95% or better, and 86 to 95% of all the fruit on the trees were recovered. Testson eight cultivars of apples yielded 59 to 84% Extra Fancy packout. Cuts and punctures were the biggest factor preventingthe harvester from harvesting a higher level of freshmarket quality fruit. Stempulls with this harvesting technique rangedfrom 20 to 57%, depending on cultivar, and may create a decay problem. Cultivar growth habit varied greatly in theiradaptability to this harvesting concept.
Genomic Organization, Chromosomal Localization, Tissue Distribution, and Biophysical Characterization of a Novel MammalianShaker-related Voltage-gated Potassium Channel, Kv1.7 (1998)

We report the isolation of a novel mouse voltage-gated Shaker-related K+ channel gene, Kv1.7 (Kcna7/KCNA7). Unlike other known Kv1 family genes that have intronless coding regions, the protein-coding region of Kv1.7 is interrupted by a 1.9-kilobase pair intron. The Kv1.7 gene and the related Kv3.3 (Kcnc3/KCNC3) gene map to mouse chromosome 7 and human chromosome 19q13.3, a region that has been suggested to contain a diabetic susceptibility locus. The mouse Kv1.7 channel is voltage-dependent and rapidly inactivating, exhibits cumulative inactivation, and has a single channel conductance of 21 pS. It is potently blocked by noxiustoxin and stichodactylatoxin, and is insensitive to tetraethylammonium, kaliotoxin, and charybdotoxin. Northern blot analysis reveals approximately 3-kilobase pair Kv1.7 transcripts in mouse heart and skeletal muscle. In situ hybridization demonstrates the presence of Kv1.7 in mouse pancreatic islet cells. Kv1.7 was also isolated from mouse brain and hamster insulinoma cells by polymerase chain reaction.
One-Stage Calcium Carbonate Oil-Based Filter Cake Removal Using a New Biodegradable Acid System (2019)

Abstract Removal of oil-based filter cake is a complex task especially in horizontal and multilateral wells. The presence of oil makes the removal process more challenging because the oil surrounds the weighting materials and prevents acid-filter cake interaction. Therefore, different additives are required to change the wettability of the filter cake to enhance the removal efficiency. This paper introduces a new biodegradable acid system (NBAS) that can efficiently remove oil-based filter cake in horizontal and multilateral wells where calcium carbonate is used as weighting agent. The new biodegradable acid system (NBAS) consists of 50 vol.% biodegradable acid and 5 vol.% mutual solvent. HPHT filtration experiments were performed to evaluate the filter cake removal efficiency and the retained permeability. The filtration and removal experiments were conducted on real core samples (Indiana limestone and Berea sandstone) at a temperature of 212°F and 300 psi differential pressure. Afterwards, the NBAS was evaluated by measuring physical properties and conducting corrosion, compatibility and thermal stability studies. The obtained results showed that the NBAS was compatible and thermally stable for more than 48 hrs at 212°F and 300 psi. The NBAS has a density of 1.05 g/cm3, viscosity of 1.47 cP, and surface tension of 32 dynes/cm at room temperature. The corrosion rate of the developed system was 0.03 lb/ft2 which is acceptable according to oil and gas industry practices. Removal experiments showed that filter cake was completely removed from the core samples. For Berea sandstone, 100% of the permeability was regained while the retained permeability for Indiana limestone was 122.5% confirming the complete removal of external and internal filter cake as well as core samples stimulation. The new acid system can be considered as an efficiant solution for oil-based filter cake removal that is biodegradable and cost effective where the reservoir permeability can be regained in one stage only.
A time-efficient dither-injection scheme for pipelined SAR ADC (2011)

This paper presents a time-efficient dither-injection scheme in digital domain for pipelined successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC). Compared with the conventional dither injection method, the proposed method can achieve faster injection speed and reduce the disturbance during the quantization of the ADC. Only 1 LSB dither injection is discussed in this method. Simulation results show more than 8 times speed improvement comparing to the conventional configuration.
Accurate and economical traveling-wave fault locating without communications (2018)

This paper describes a single-ended traveling-wave-based fault-locating method that works with currents only. Unlike current transformers, coupling-capacitor voltage transformers do not have a frequency bandwidth that is wide enough to allow measuring of voltage traveling waves for this application. The key to a robust single-ended traveling-wave fault-locating method is to correctly identify reflections from the fault point. For this purpose, the method uses additional information, such as the impedance-based fault location and reflections from the remote terminal and external network elements. This paper presents the single-ended traveling-wave-based fault-locating method in detail and explains how to perform fault locating manually using ultra-high-resolution fault records from any recording device. This paper also presents laboratory test results as well as field cases in which line crews found the actual faults.
Computation of a constrained decision feedback equalizer for reduced error propagation (2004)

It has been previously shown that the effects of error propagation in a decision feedback equalizer may be reduced by constraining the 2-norm of the feedback filter. This paper describes three algorithms for calculating the constrained equalizer based on a channel estimate. An iteration function is derived for the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker multiplier and the algorithms are designed to quickly find a fixed point of this function. The algorithms include a modified regula falsi algorithm known as the Pegasus iteration, a modified secant algorithm, and a nonlinear fit to the iteration function. At each iteration, the conjugate gradient algorithm is used to solve the resulting linear equations. The algorithms are demonstrated on the 8-VSB terrestrial broadcast digital TV system. While all three algorithms exhibit good convergence characteristics, the nonlinear fit converges the fastest.
Integration of Gabor Features with Bag-of-Features Framework for Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition (2017)

Handwriting recognition is a challenge task due to the large variability in human writings. Improving the feature representations that rely on the visual appearance of the handwritten text would lead to better recognition. In this paper, we integrate two powerful appearance-based features for producing robust statistics for handwritten text. A handwritten text image is filtered by a set of Gabor filters of different scales and orientations for extracting texture-based local features. The Gabor filter response features are organized into two layouts, viz. the Statistical Gabor Features and Gabor Descriptors, and fed to the Bag-of-Features for learning robust statistical representations for the handwritten text. The produced features are utilized in a holistic handwritten word recognition system and evaluated on a public dataset of Arabic handwritten subwords of Arabic checks legal amounts. The best average recognition accuracy achieved by the produced features is 86.44% which is promising in such challenge dataset of large number of classes.
Temperature dependence of diffusion length and mobility in mid-wavelength InAs/InAsSb superlattice infrared detectors (2020)

In the past decade, infrared detectors with InAs/InAsSb (Gallium-free) type-II strained layer superlattice absorbers became a technology of interest for many imaging applications. In this work, we study the dependence of minority carrier (hole) transport, absorption coefficient, and quantum efficiency (QE) of a 5.6 μm cutoff wavelength mid-wavelength infrared InAs/InAsSb detector on temperatures and applied bias. We found that the minority carrier lifetime is very long (τ ≈ 5.5 μs) and is temperature independent in the temperature range T = 50–150 K. The back-side illuminated QE without anti-reflection coating increases from ∼30% at T = 50 K to ∼60% at T = 180 K. The minority carrier (hole) diffusion length, Ldh, was found from QE and absorption coefficient. The hole diffusion length at T = 50 K is Ldh = 2.4 μm and increases monotonically to Ldh = 7.2 μm at T = 180 K. The hole mobility, calculated from diffusion length and minority carrier lifetime, is μh = 4.5 cm2/V s at T = 50 K and increases with temperature to reach μh = 7.2 cm2/V s at T = 150 K. In addition, we find that at lower temperatures where the diffusion length is shorter, the stronger QE dependence on applied bias is due to minority carrier collection from the depletion region, whose width increases with applied bias.
Improving 3D perception by adding eye-tracking based motion parallax - an ICASSP demo (2009)

Motion parallax is one of the most important 3D clues for human vision perception. The majority of the monitors today display contents regardless of the user’s viewpoint. In this demo, we track head/eye position of the viewer based on a web camera, and use that information to render view-dependent contents, adding motion parallax to essentially any display device. In the demo we will allow ICASSP participants to try out the system, and perceive the sensation of depth provided by the technology, which is much cheaper and complementary to stereoscopic displays.
Low-energy ion beam oxidation of silicon (1986)

A low-energy oxygen ion beam with energy below 100 eV has been applied to the oxidation of unheated silicon substrates. Ultrathin (∼45 Å) FET-gate-quality oxides have been produced for the first time at room temperature using this technique. The high electrical quality of the oxides is demonstrated by the successful fabrication of n-channel MOSFET's.
Multi-class cost-sensitive boosting with p-norm loss functions (2008)

We propose a family of novel cost-sensitive boosting methods for multi-class classification by applying the theory of gradient boosting to p-norm based cost functionals. We establish theoretical guarantees including proof of convergence and convergence rates for the proposed methods. Our theoretical treatment provides interpretations for some of the existing algorithms in terms of the proposed family, including a generalization of the costing algorithm, DSE and GBSE-t, and the Average Cost method. We also experimentally evaluate the performance of our new algorithms against existing methods of cost sensitive boosting, including AdaCost, CSB2, and AdaBoost.M2 with cost-sensitive weight initialization. We show that our proposed scheme generally achieves superior results in terms of cost minimization and, with the use of higher order p-norm loss in certain cases, consistently outperforms the comparison methods, thus establishing its empirical advantage.
Screening of Abnormal LiF:Mg,Cu,P Glow Curves (1999)

A process to screen electronically abnormal LiF:Mg,Cu,P glow curves in routine dosimetry is proposed. The method is based on the fact that when a glow curve is normalised to a part of the integral of the glow curve it loses its dependence on the magnitude of the exposure. This characteristic allows a glow curve from a dosemeter exposed in the field to be compared with an 'ideal' glow curve from the same dosemeter. A difference curve is generated from the differences between the normalised 'ideal' and the normalised field curves. This difference curve can be used to identify the abnormal characteristics of the field-generated glow curve and, since both normalised curves are essentially the same, the anomalies can be resolved by reconstructing the field curve to match the 'ideal' curve.