gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Formulated Ingredients on Rapidly Disintegrating Oral Tablets Prepared by the Crystalline Transition Method (2006)

The aim of this article was to determine the optimal ingredients for the rapidly disintegrating oral tablets prepared by the crystalline transition method (CT method). The effect of ingredients (diluent, active drug substance and amorphous sugar) on the characteristics of the tablets was investigated. The ingredients were compressed and the resultant tablets were stored under various conditions. The oral disintegration time of the tablet significantly depended on diluents, due to differences in the penetration of a small amount of water in the mouth and the viscous area formed inside the tablet. The oral disintegration time was 10-30 s for tablets with a tensile strength of approximately 1 MPa, when erythritol, mannitol or xylitol was used as the diluent. The increase in the tensile strength of tablets containing highly water-soluble active drug substances during storage was as large as that of tablets without active drug substances, while the increase in the tensile strength of tablets containing low water-soluble active drug substances was small. It was therefore found that highly water-soluble active drug substances were more suitable for the formulation prepared by the CT method than low water-soluble active drug substances. Irrespective of the type of amorphous sugar (amorphous sucrose, lactose or maltose) used, the porosity of tablets with 1 MPa of tensile strength was 30-40%, and their oral disintegration time was 10-20 s. The optimal ingredients for rapidly disintegrating oral tablets with reasonable tensile strength and disintegration time were therefore determined from these results.
Dual Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)/Glucagon Receptor Agonists Specifically Optimized for Multidose Formulations (2018)

Novel peptidic dual agonists of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor are reported to have enhanced efficacy over pure GLP-1 receptor agonists with regard to treatment of obesity and diabetes. We describe novel exendin-4 based dual agonists designed with an activity ratio favoring the GLP-1 versus the glucagon receptor. As result of an iterative optimization procedure that included molecular modeling, structural biological studies (X-ray, NMR), peptide design and synthesis, experimental activity, and solubility profiling, a candidate molecule was identified. Novel SAR points are reported that allowed us to fine-tune the desired receptor activity ratio and increased solubility in the presence of antimicrobial preservatives, findings that can be of general applicability for any peptide discovery project. The peptide was evaluated in chronic in vivo studies in obese diabetic monkeys as translational model for the human situation and demonstrated favorable blood glucose and body weight lowering effects.
Two- and Three-Dimensional Omnidirectional Wireless Power Transfer (2014)

Nonidentical current control methods for 2- and 3-D omnidirectional wireless power systems are described. The omnidirectional power transmitter enables ac magnetic flux to flow in all directions and coil receivers to pick up energy in any position in the proximity of the transmitter. It can be applied to wireless charging systems for low-power devices such as radio-frequency identification devices and sensors. Practical results on 2-D and 3-D systems have confirmed the omnidirectional power transfer capability.
Fundamental speed limit of dynamic Brillouin fiber sensing (2020)

We present a previously undescribed fundamental limit to dynamic Brillouin strain sensing resulting from strain induced non-local Doppler frequency shifts. We demonstrate how to surpass this limit using dual gain and loss probes.
Constant-Volume Hydrogel Osmometer:  A New Device Concept for Miniature Biosensors (2002)

A new type of biosensor is proposed that combines the recognition properties of "intelligent" hydrogels with the sensitivity and reliability of microfabricated pressure transducers. In the proposed device, analyte-induced changes in the osmotic swelling pressure of an environmentally responsive hydrogel are measured by confining it within a small implantable enclosure between a rigid semipermeable membrane and the diaphragm of a miniature pressure transducer. Proof-of-principle tests of this device were performed in vitro using pH-sensitive hydrogels, with osmotic deswelling data for the same hydrogels used as a benchmark for comparison. The swelling pressure of the hydrogel was accurately determined from osmotic deswelling measurements against reservoirs of known osmotic stress. Values of swelling pressure vs salt concentration measured with a preliminary version of the sensor agree well with osmotic deswelling results. Through modification of the hydrogel with various enzymes or pendant binding moieties, the sensor has the potential to detect a wide range of biological analytes with good specificity.
Novel immortalized human fetal liver cell line, cBAL111, has the potential to differentiate into functional hepatocytes (2009)

This novel liver cell line has the potential to differentiate into mature hepatocytes to be used for in vitro hepatocyte applications.
Epsilon-Tube Filtering: Reduction of High-Amplitude Motion Artifacts From Impedance Plethysmography Signal (2014)

The impedance plethysmography (IP) has long been used to monitor respiration. The IP signal is also suitable for portable monitoring of respiration due to its simplicity. However, this signal is very susceptible to motion artifact (MA). As a result, MA reduction is an indispensable part of portable acquisition of the IP signal. Often, the amplitude of the MA is much larger than the amplitude of the respiratory component in the IP signal. This study proposes a novel filtering method to remove the high-amplitude MA's from the IP signal. The proposed method combines the idea of ε-tube loss function and an autoregressive exogenous model to estimate the MA while leaving the periodic respiratory component of the IP signal intact. Also, a regularization method is used to find the best filter coefficients that maximize the regularity of the output signal. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively remove the MA, outperforming the popular MA reduction methods. Several different performance measures are used for the comparison and the differences are found to be statistically significant.
Verifying Sequential Consistency on Shared-Memory Multiprocessors by Model Checking (2001)

The memory model of a shared-memory multiprocessor is a contract between the designer and programmer of the multiprocessor. The sequential consistency memory model specifies a total order among the memory (read and write) events performed at each processor. A trace of a memory system satisfies sequential consistency if there exists a total order of all memory events in the trace that is both consistent with the total order at each processor and has the property that every read event to a location returns the value of the last write to that location. Descriptions of shared-memory systems are typically parameterized by the number of processors, the number of memory locations, and the number of data values. It has been shown that even for finite parameter values, verifying sequential consistency on general shared-memory systems is undecidable. We observe that, in practice, shared-memory systems satisfy the properties of causality and data independence. Causality is the property that values of read events flow from values of write events. Data independence is the property that all traces can be generated by renaming data values from traces where the written values are distinct from each other. If a causal and data independent system also has the property that the logical order of write events to each location is identical to their temporal order, then sequential consistency can be verified algorithmically. Specifically, we present a model checking algorithm to verify sequential consistency on such systems for a finite number of processors and memory locations and an arbitrary number of data values.
Real-Time Multianalysis–Multimodel Superensemble Forecasts of Precipitation Using TRMM and SSM/I Products (2001)

This paper addresses real-time precipitation forecasts from a multianalysis-multimodel superensemble. The methodology for the construction of the superensemble forecasts follows previous recent publications on this topic. This study includes forecasts from multimodels of a number of global operational centers. A multianalysis component based on the Florida State University (FSU) global spectral model that utilizes TRMM and SSM/I datasets and a number of rain-rate algorithms is also included. The difference in the analysis arises from the use of these rain rates within physical initialization that produces distinct differences among these components in the divergence, heating, moisture, and rain-rate descriptions. A total of 11 models, of which 5 represent global operational models and 6 represent multianalysis forecasts from the FSU model initialized by different rain-rate algorithms, are included in the multianalysis-multimodel system studied here. In this paper, ''multimodel'' refers to different models whose forecasts are being assimilated for the construction of the superensemble. ''Multianalysis'' refers to different initial analysis contributing to forecasts from the same model. The term superensemble is being used here to denote the bias-corrected forecasts based on the products derived from the multimodel and the multianalysis. The training period is covered by nearly 120 forecast experiments prior to 1 January 2000 for each of the multimodels. These are all 3-day forecasts. The statistical bias of the models is determined from multiple linear regression of these forecasts against a ''best'' rainfall analysis field that is based on TRMM and SSM/I datasets and using the rain-rate algorithms recently developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. This paper discusses the results of real-time rainfall forecasts based on this system. The main results of this study are that the multianalysis-multimodel superensemble has a much higher skill than the participating member models. The skill of this system is higher than those of the ensemble mean that assigns a weight of 1.0 to all including the poorer models and the ensemble mean of bias-removed individual models. The selective weights for the entire multianalysis-multimodel superensemble forecast system make it superior to individual models and the above mean representations. The skill of precipitation forecasts is addressed in several ways. The skill of the superensemble-based rain rates is shown to be higher than the following: (a) individual model's skills with and without physical initialization, (b) skill of the ensemble mean, and (c) skill of the ensemble mean of individually biasremoved models.
Active device tracking and high‐resolution intravascular MRI using a novel catheter‐based, opposed‐solenoid phased array coil (2004)

A novel two-element, catheter-based phased array coil was designed and built for both active MR device tracking and high-resolution vessel wall imaging. The device consists of two independent solenoid coils that are wound in opposite directions, connected to separate receive channels, and mounted collinearly on an angiographic catheter. The elements were used independently or together for tracking or imaging applications, respectively. The array's dual functionality was tested on a clinical 1.5 T MRI scanner in vitro, in vivo, and in situ. During real-time catheter tracking, each element gave rise to a high-amplitude peak in the respective projection data, which enabled reliable and robust device tracking as well as automated slice positioning. In vivo microimaging with 240 microm in-plane resolution was achieved in 9 s using the device and TrueFISP imaging. Therefore, a single device was successfully implemented that met the combined requirements of intravascular device tracking and imaging.
Laboratory Investigation of Time-Domain Reflectometry System for Monitoring Bridge Scour (1999)

Bridge scour is a severe problem that costs millions of dollars of damage to infrastructure annually and causes occasional loss of life. Scour occurs during times of rapid river flow and can be increased by icing conditions when sediments, including rocks, gravel, and silt, are transported by the currents, undermining bridge pier and abutment foundations and other structures. Scour is dynamic; during a single high-flow event, scour may occur during rising stages and near the peak. Deposition of sediments into the scoured area may occur during falling stages and during low flow. The worst case and the net effect cannot be easily predicted. Monitoring scour is difficult, and existing instruments have limitations that prevent their use in some situations. A technique and system employing time-domain reflectometry can be used to constantly monitor the extent of scour around riverine structures. This system is capable of continuous round-the-clock operation and can indicate changes in sediment depth of less than 5 cm.
Relaxed Currency Serializability for Middle-Tier Caching and Replication (extended version) (2006)

Many applications, such as e-commerce, routinely use copies of data that are not in sync with the database due to heuristic caching strategies used to enhance performance. We study concurrency control for a transactional model that allows update transactions to read out-of-date copies. Each read operation carries a “freshness constraint” that specifies how fresh a copy must be in order to be read. We offer a definition of correctness for this model and present algorithms to ensure several of the most interesting freshness constraints. We outline a serializability-theoretic correctness proof and present the results of a detailed performance study. This is an extended version of a paper with the same title that appeared in SIGMOD 2006.
Development and experiments of low frequency ultrasonic electrostatic atomizing nozzle with double resonators (2022)

Fine droplets with high adhesion can greatly improve the efficiency of atomization culture. Therefore, the development of a spray nozzle that can produce fine fog droplets with high adhesion is of great significance for aeroponics. Compared to piezoelectric ultrasonic atomizer, Hartmann resonator low-frequency ultrasonic electrostatic atomizer has the advantages of large atomization volume and constant liquid chemical structure, but the droplet size is larger. High-speed gas can generate low-frequency ultrasonic vibration sound waves in Hartmann resonator. The frequency and intensity of sound waves determine the atomization performance of supersonic atomizer nozzle. However, very few research literatures can be found on how the structure and operating parameters of Hartmann resonator affect the atomization performance. In order to improve the atomization performance of ultrasonic atomizer, a two-stage Hartmann resonator low-frequency ultrasonic electrostatic atomizer was designed. The shrinkage-type Laval tube was designed by fluid mechanics theory, and the design results were verified by fluent software. The virtual orthogonal test method was used to optimize the structure parameters of two-stage resonator and spray test was carried out. The results showed that when the included angle between the two stage resonators was 80, the diameter was 4.86 mm, the tube length ratio was 1.0 and the gas pressure was 0.5 MPa, the droplet size could reach 22.05 μm. Additionally, compared with the traditional Hartmann cavity with 90° included angle, the droplet size was decreased by 63%. The annular electrode was used as the charging electrode, and Comsol Multiphysics software was used to simulate and calculate the deformation and crushing process of electrostatic droplets and the influence of different voltage, surface tension and droplet diameter on the droplet deformation rate. The results showed that: (1) the optimum charge range of the electrode ring was within 20 mm of the axial distance along the electrode ring. (2) The higher the voltage U, the smaller the surface tension σ; the larger the droplet diameter d and the larger the droplet deformation rate. (3) The experimental results showed that the droplet size was inversely proportional to the gas pressure P0, electrostatic voltage U and spray height h. When the gas pressure and electrostatic voltage were 0.4 MPa and 18 kV, 0.4 MPa and 18 kV, respectively, the droplet sizes were 7.8 μm and 43.9 μm respectively, the droplet size difference between the two conditions was 82.2%. Keywords: ultrasonic atomization, Laval tube, two-stage resonance tube, electrostatic spray, deformation rupture, simulation analysis DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221504.6251 Citation: Jianmin Gao, Ke Xu, Rui He, Xiangchao Chen, Mazhar Hussain Tunio. Development and experiments of low frequency ultrasonic electrostatic atomizing nozzle with double resonators. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(4): 39–48.
Robust efficient distributed RSA-key generation (1998)

The invention provides for robust efficient distributed generation of RSA keys. An efficient protocol is one which is independent of the primality test “circuit size”, while a robust protocol allows correct completion even in the presence of a minority of arbitrarily misbehaving malicious parties. The disclosed protocol is secure against any minority of malicious parties (which is optimal). The disclosed method is useful in establishing sensitive distributed cryptographic function sharing services (certification authorities, signature schemes with distributed trust, and key escrow authorities), as well as other applications besides RSA (namely: composite ElGamal, identification schemes, simultaneous bit exchange, etc.). The disclosed method can be combined with proactive function sharing techniques to establish the first efficient, optimal-resilience, robust and proactively-secure RSA-based distributed trust services where the key is never entrusted to a single entity (i.e., distributed trust totally “from scratch”). The disclosed method involves new efficient “robustness assurance techniques” which guarantee “correct computations” by mutually distrusting parties with malicious minority.
Soil washing enhancement with solid sorbents (1996)

Abstract Soil washing is a dynamic, physical process that remediates contaminated soil through two mechanisms: particle size separation and transfer of the contaminant into the (mostly) liquid stream. The performance of different sorbents and additives to remove motor oil from sea sand was tested. Hydrocyclone, attrition scrubber, and froth flotation equipment were used for the decontamination study. Sorbents and additives were mixed with soils in the attrition scrubber prior to flotation. Sorbents used were granular activated carbon, powder activated carbon, and rubber tires. Chemical additives used were calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, Alconox®, Triton® X‐100 and Triton® X‐114. When a froth flotation run was performed using no additive, washed soils “tails” contained 4000 ppm of total oil and grease (TOG). However, when carbon or rubber (6% by weight) was added to the contaminated soils the washed soils “tails” contained less than 1000 ppm of total oil and grease (TOG). The addition of sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide (6% by weight) had same effects as sorbents. In both cases washed soil “tails” contained total oil and grease of less than 1000 ppm. The use of these non‐hazardous additives or sorbent can enhance the soil washing process and consequently saves on time (residence time in equipment) and number of stages (equipment design) required to achieve the target clean up levels.
Understanding and mitigating process drift in aerosol jet printing (2020)

Abstract Aerosol jet printing offers a versatile, high-resolution prototyping capability for flexible and hybrid electronics. Despite its rapid growth in recent years, persistent problems such as process drift hinder the adoption of this technology in production environments. Here we explore underlying causes of process drift during aerosol jet printing and introduce an engineered solution to improve deposition stability. It is shown that the ink level within the cartridge is a critical factor in determining atomization efficiency, such that the reduction in ink volume resulting from printing itself can induce significant and systematic process drift. By integrating a custom 3D-printed cartridge with an ink recirculation system, ink composition and level within the cartridge are better maintained. This strategy allows extended duration printing with improved stability, as evidenced by 30 h of printing over 5 production runs. This provides an important tool for extending the duration and improving reliability for aerosol jet printing, a key factor for integration in practical manufacturing operations.
Adaptive radar CFAR using signal-based suppression (1997)

The primary basis for adaptive radar algorithm design is that (1) a binary hypothesis formulation with unknown parameters is an adequate test and (2) that radar interference is composed of combinations of thermal noise, self-induced clutter, and extraneous noise. This is the typical generalized likelihood formulation that yield the CFAR characteristic for the assumed conditions. Implementations have shown that such formulations yield inadequate performance in complex clutter environments. As compensation measure, a secondary CFAR process then addresses the potential violation of this assumption by large 'target-like' interference such as large clutter discretes or a large number of targets interfering with each other. In order to detect small targets, an approach based on the likelihood statistic provides a technique for optimally suppressing the neighboring large signals. Performance is characterized as a function of a generalized distance and relative signal power ratios in the joint space-time domain.
Accelerated short‐TE 3D proton echo‐planar spectroscopic imaging using 2D‐SENSE with a 32‐channel array coil (2007)

MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) with whole brain coverage in clinically feasible acquisition times still remains a major challenge. A combination of MRSI with parallel imaging has shown promise to reduce the long encoding times and 2D acceleration with a large array coil is expected to provide high acceleration capability. In this work a very high-speed method for 3D-MRSI based on the combination of proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) with regularized 2D-SENSE reconstruction is developed. Regularization was performed by constraining the singular value decomposition of the encoding matrix to reduce the effect of low-value and overlapped coil sensitivities. The effects of spectral heterogeneity and discontinuities in coil sensitivity across the spectroscopic voxels were minimized by unaliasing the point spread function. As a result the contamination from extracranial lipids was reduced 1.6-fold on average compared to standard SENSE. We show that the acquisition of short-TE (15 ms) 3D-PEPSI at 3 T with a 32 x 32 x 8 spatial matrix using a 32-channel array coil can be accelerated 8-fold (R = 4 x 2) along y-z to achieve a minimum acquisition time of 1 min. Maps of the concentrations of N-acetyl-aspartate, creatine, choline, and glutamate were obtained with moderate reduction in spatial-spectral quality. The short acquisition time makes the method suitable for volumetric metabolite mapping in clinical studies.
Design and Evaluation of Novel Nonsteroidal Dissociating Glucocorticoid Receptor Ligands. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.