gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Platelet-activating Factor Acetylhydrolase II from Bovine Liver Cytosol (1995)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase, which inactivates PAF by removing the acetyl group at the sn-2 position, is distributed widely in plasma and tissues. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the PAF acetylhydrolase activity present in the soluble fraction of bovine brain cortex could be separated chromatographically into three peaks (tentatively designated isoforms Ia, Ib, and II) (Hattori, M., Arai, H., and Inoue, K. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 18748-18753). In this study, these three isoforms were also detected in kidney and liver cytosols, although their relative activity ratios in these tissues differed. In particular, isoform II was responsible for the majority of the bovine liver PAF acetylhydrolase activity. We purified isoform II from bovine liver cytosol to near homogeneity and demonstrated that it is a single 40-kDa polypeptide. This enzyme was inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), suggesting that both serine and cysteine residues are required for the enzyme activity, and [3H]diisopropyl fluorophosphate labeled only the 40-kDa polypeptide, confirming the enzyme's identity. Isoform II showed a comparatively broader substrate specificity than isoform Ib. Isoform II hydrolyzed propionyl and butyroyl moieties at the sn-2 position approximately half as effectively as it did PAF, whereas isoform Ib hardly hydrolyzed these substrates. Taken together with previous data, the current findings indicate that tissue cytosol contains at least two types of PAF acetylhydrolase with respect to polypeptide composition, substrate specificity, and tissue distribution and suggest that these two enzymes may share distinct physiological functions in tissues.
Differential PLL for wireless applications using differential CMOS LC-VCO and differential charge pump (1999)

A differentially controlled monolithic LC-VCO along with a differential charge pump are used to implement a differential PLL for substrate noise immunity. The differential VCO control is achieved with minimal increase in the power consumption and without sacrificing the tuning range. In a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology the measured VCO phase noise is -11 dBe @1.0 MHz and the tuning range is 26% of the 1.25 GHz center frequency, at a total power consumption of 4.0 mA from 3 V supply. The common mode rejection of the VCO control lines is more than 2000 at DC. The new differential charge pump architecture provides common mode correction without the need for a clean reference.
Rate-compatible low-density parity-check codes (2004)

Rate-compatible coding is appropriate for communication systems that experience a range of operating SNRs but seek to adhere to a single underlying codec structure. This paper constructs rate-compatible low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes by carefully selecting degree distributions, followed by a combination of information nulling and parity puncturing. Techniques that suppress error floors are included as part of the construction methodology.
Modeling And Design Of A Tunable Refractive Lens Based On Liquid Crystals (2010)

A tunable refractive lens is modeled, designed, and fabricated with proper electrode structure and LC material. The modeling calculates ideal phase profile and correct voltage applied on each electrode, for the desired focal length.
Improved low‐energy electron injection systems for high rate electron capture dissociation in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (2001)

New low-energy electron injection systems based on indirectly heated dispenser cathodes facilitate electron capture dissociation (ECD) in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry. In this joint report, details are presented of the design and performance of these systems on two commercial FTICR instruments, 9.4 T Bruker BioAPEX in Uppsala and 4.7 T IonSpec Ultima in Odense. New results include obtaining meaningful one-scan MS/MS data for isolated precursor ions with millisecond irradiation times. The ECD rate improvement is not only due to the larger total electron current, but the larger emitting area as well.
Fungal Pigments, Wood Coloring Technology and Their Applications in the Play <i>The Blue Forest</i> (2019)

Abstract Staining wood with fungal pigments has a long history in fine art, especially wood naturally stained blue-green by fungi from the genus Chlorociboria. Recent innovations have allowed for controlled application of extracted pigment for reinterpreting this old art form. This technology is showcased in objects created for a production of The Blue Forest by Louis Aubert, representing the power of nature and natural magic within the play.
Experimental Properties of Phase Transitions in Traffic Flow (1997)

Investigations of a great number of measurements of traffic flow on German highways show that there are some common macroscopic properties of phase transitions between free flow, synchronized flow, and traffic jams. In particular, it is shown that a short-time localized perturbation is able to cause a local phase transition from free flow to synchronized flow and that synchronized flow of slow moving vehicles can further be self-maintained on a highway for several hours.
Nuclear Transfer in Practice (2001)

The technique of nuclear transfer (NT) allows the production of embryos, fetuses, and offspring from a range of embryonic, fetal, and adult derived cell types in a range of species. Successful development is dependent upon numerous factors, including type of recipient cell, source of recipient cell, method of reconstruction, activation, embryo culture, donor cell type, and donor and recipient cell cycle stages. The present review will discuss the uses of NT, the techniques presently available, and the factors affecting subsequent development.
Automated gland and nuclei segmentation for grading of prostate and breast cancer histopathology (2008)

Automated detection and segmentation of nuclear and glandular structures is critical for classification and grading of prostate and breast cancer histopathology. In this paper, we present a methodology for automated detection and segmentation of structures of interest in digitized histopathology images. The scheme integrates image information from across three different scales: (1) low- level information based on pixel values, (2) high-level information based on relationships between pixels for object detection, and (3) domain-specific information based on relationships between histological structures. Low-level information is utilized by a Bayesian classifier to generate a likelihood that each pixel belongs to an object of interest. High-level information is extracted in two ways: (i) by a level-set algorithm, where a contour is evolved in the likelihood scenes generated by the Bayesian classifier to identify object boundaries, and (ii) by a template matching algorithm, where shape models are used to identify glands and nuclei from the low-level likelihood scenes. Structural constraints are imposed via domain- specific knowledge in order to verify whether the detected objects do indeed belong to structures of interest. In this paper we demonstrate the utility of our glandular and nuclear segmentation algorithm in accurate extraction of various morphological and nuclear features for automated grading of (a) prostate cancer, (b) breast cancer, and (c) distinguishing between cancerous and benign breast histology specimens. The efficacy of our segmentation algorithm is evaluated by comparing breast and prostate cancer grading and benign vs. cancer discrimination accuracies with corresponding accuracies obtained via manual detection and segmentation of glands and nuclei.
A Facile and Regioselective Synthesis of Trans-Heterofunctionalized Porphyrazine Derivatives (1998)

New methodology was developed for the selective synthesis of regiochemically defined porphyrazines of the form M[pz(A2;B2)] (shown in Chart 1) where A and B represent peripheral functionalization attached to the β-positions of the pyrroles. Specifically, phthalonitriles or derivatives thereof with sterically bulky groups in positions 3 and 6, in particular 4,7-bis(isopropyloxy)-1,3-diiminoisoindoline (3) act as a “trans director” when macrocyclized with heteroatom-appended maleonitriles under Linstead conditions, the result being preferential formation of the trans-M[pz(A2;B2)] pigment where A = SR, NMe2, OR, as well as R (shown in Chart 2). Linstead crossover macrocyclization of 3 with 4, 11, 15, and 18 gave pigments 10, 14, 17, and 19, respectively. These pigments were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV−visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, microanalysis, and 17 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Altered Lipid Composition and Enhanced Nutritional Value of <i>Arabidopsis</i> Leaves following Introduction of an Algal Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2  (2013)

Enhancement of acyl-CoA-dependent triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in vegetative tissues is widely discussed as a potential avenue to increase the energy density of crops. Here, we report the identification and characterization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii diacylglycerol acyltransferase type two (DGTT) enzymes and use DGTT2 to alter acyl carbon partitioning in plant vegetative tissues. This enzyme can accept a broad range of acyl-CoA substrates, allowing us to interrogate different acyl pools in transgenic plants. Expression of DGTT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased leaf TAG content, with some molecular species containing very-long-chain fatty acids. The acyl compositions of sphingolipids and surface waxes were altered, and cutin was decreased. The increased carbon partitioning into TAGs in the leaves of DGTT2-expressing lines had little effect on transcripts of the sphingolipid/wax/cutin pathway, suggesting that the supply of acyl groups for the assembly of these lipids is not transcriptionally adjusted. Caterpillars of the generalist herbivore Spodoptera exigua reared on transgenic plants gained more weight. Thus, the nutritional value and/or energy density of the transgenic lines was increased by ectopic expression of DGTT2 and acyl groups were diverted from different pools into TAGs, demonstrating the interconnectivity of acyl metabolism in leaves.
Inactivation of Enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Rumen Content- or Feces-Contaminated Drinking Water for Cattle (2006)

Cattle drinking water is a source of on-farm Escherichia coli O157:H7 transmission. The antimicrobial activities of disinfectants to control E. coli O157:H7 in on-farm drinking water are frequently neutralized by the presence of rumen content and manure that generally contaminate the drinking water. Different chemical treatments, including lactic acid, acidic calcium sulfate, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, caprylic acid, ozone, butyric acid, sodium benzoate, and competing E. coli, were tested individually or in combination for inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in the presence of rumen content. Chlorine (5 ppm), ozone (22 to 24 ppm at 5 degrees C), and competing E. coli treatment of water had minimal effects (<1 log CFU/ml reduction) on killing E. coli O157:H7 in the presence of rumen content at water-to-rumen content ratios of 50:1 (vol/wt) and lower. Four chemical-treatment combinations, including (i) 0.1% lactic acid, 0.9% acidic calcium sulfate, and 0.05% caprylic acid (treatment A); (ii) 0.1% lactic acid, 0.9% acidic calcium sulfate, and 0.1% sodium benzoate (treatment B); (iii) 0.1% lactic acid, 0.9% acidic calcium sulfate, and 0.5% butyric acid (treatment C); and (iv) 0.1% lactic acid, 0.9% acidic calcium sulfate, and 100 ppm chlorine dioxide (treatment D); were highly effective (>3 log CFU/ml reduction) at 21 degrees C in killing E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, and O111:NM in water heavily contaminated with rumen content (10:1 water/rumen content ratio [vol/wt]) or feces (20:1 water/feces ratio [vol/wt]). Among them, treatments A, B, and C killed >5 log CFU E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, and O111:NM/ml within 30 min in water containing rumen content or feces, whereas treatment D inactivated approximately 3 to 4 log CFU/ml under the same conditions. Cattle given water containing treatment A or C or untreated water (control) ad libitum for two 7-day periods drank 15.2, 13.8, and 30.3 liters/day, respectively, and cattle given water containing 0.1% lactic acid plus 0.9% acidic calcium sulfate (pH 2.1) drank 18.6 liters/day. The amounts of water consumed for all water treatments were significantly different from that for the control, but there were no significant differences among the water treatments. Such treatments may best be applied periodically to drinking water troughs and then flushed, rather than being added continuously, to avoid reduced water consumption by cattle.
Interband cascade (IC) mode-locked lasers (2016)

We demonstrate a mode-locked interband cascade semiconductor laser operating in the 3 μm wavelength range. Such broadband optical sources are relevant for spectroscopic applications in the mid infrared range where the fundamental rotational-vibrational bands of most light molecules are found.
Polyimide Membranes: Ultra‐Microporous Triptycene‐based Polyimide Membranes for High‐Performance Gas Separation (Adv. Mater. 22/2014) (2014)

Polymer membranes perform key industrial gas separations. Three-dimensional bridgehead-substituted triptycene moieties integrated into rigid polymer backbones are shown to yield highly permeable and exceptionally sieving membranes, as shown by I. Pinnau and co-workers on page 3688. These transparent, flexible, and robust materials are illustrated in this cover image by O. Kasimova.
Alamouti-type polarization-time coding in coded-modulation schemes with coherent detection (2008)

We present the Almouti-type polarization-time (PT) coding scheme suitable for use in multilevel (M>or=2) block-coded modulation schemes with coherent detection. The PT-decoder is found it to be similar to the Alamouti combiner. We also describe how to determine the symbols log-likelihood ratios in the presence of laser phase noise. We show that the proposed scheme is able to compensate even 800 ps of differential group delay, for the system operating at 10 Gb/s, with negligible penalty. The proposed scheme outperforms equal-gain combining polarization diversity OFDM scheme. However, the polarization diversity coded-OFDM and PT-coding based coded-OFDM schemes perform comparable. The proposed scheme has the potential of doubling the spectral efficiency compared to polarization diversity schemes.
Humidity-Induced Phase Transitions in Ion-Containing Block Copolymer Membranes (2008)

The phase behavior of ion-containing block copolymer membranes in equilibrium with humidified air is studied as a function of the relative humidity (RH) of the surrounding air, ion content of the copolymer, and temperature. Increasing RH at constant temperature results in both disorder-to-order and order-to-order transitions. In-situ small-angle neutron scattering experiments on the open block copolymer system, when combined with water uptake measurement, indicate that the disorder-to-order transition is driven by an increase in the partial molar entropy of the water molecules in the ordered phase relative to that in the disordered phase. This is in contrast to most systems wherein increasing entropy results in stabilization of the disordered phase.
Mr geometric distortion correction for improved frame‐based stereotaxic target localization accuracy (1995)

We present a method to correct the geometric distortion caused by field inhomogeneity in MR images of patients wearing MR-compatible stereotaxic frames. Our previously published distortion correction method derives patient-dependent error maps by computing the phase-difference of 3D images acquired at different TEs. The time difference (delta TE = 4.9 ms at 1.5 T) is chosen such that the water and fat signals are in phase. However, delta TE is long enough to permit phase wraps in the difference images for frequency offsets greater than 205 Hz. Phase unwrapping techniques resolve these only for connected structures; therefore, the phase difference for fiducial rods may be off by multiples of 2 pi relative to the head. We remove this uncertainty by using an additional single 2D phase-different image with delta TE = 1 ms (during which time no phase-wraps are typically expected) to determine the correct multiple of 2 pi for each rod. We tested our method in a cadaver and in a patient using CT as the gold standard. Targets in the frame coordinates were chosen from CT and compared with their locations in MR. Localizing errors using MR compared with CT were as large as 3.7 mm before correction and were reduced to less than 1.11 mm after correction.
Anthocyanin Pigment Composition of Red‐fleshed Potatoes (1998)

ABSTRACT Red potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum and S. stenotomum ) were evaluated as potential sources for natural red colorants. Qualitative anthocyanin composition, pigment content and phenolic composition were screened on 33 cultivars. Monomeric anthocyanin content, determined by pH differential, ranged from 2 to 40 mg/100g tuber fresh weight. Two breeding clones, NDOP5847–1 and NDC4069–4, showed anthocyanin content >35 mg/100g. Anthocyanin composition was characterized by HPLC, spectral analyses and mass spectroscopy (MS). All red potato samples showed similar pigment profiles, with pelargonidin‐3‐rutinoside‐5‐glucoside acylated with p ‐coumaric acid being the major anthocyanin (ca 70%). Anthocyanin content and profiles of epidermal tissue and flesh were compared for NDC4069–4. The presence of glycoalkaloids in color extracts was detected by MS. Some red‐fleshed potatoes may be good potential sources of food colorants.
Monitoring Tumor Response During Photodynamic Therapy Using Near-infrared Photon-migration Spectroscopy¶ (2001)

Benzoporphyrin-derivative (BPD)-monoacid-ring A photodynamic therapy (PDT) was performed on subcutaneous tumor implants in a rat ovarian cancer model. In order to assess PDT efficacy the tumor and normal tissue optical properties were measured noninvasively prior to and during PDT using frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM). FDPM data were used to quantify tissue absorption and reduced scattering properties (given by the parameters mu a and mu's, respectively) at four near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (674, 811, 849 and 956 nm). Tissue physiologic properties, including the in vivo concentration of BPD, deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb), oxy-hemoglobin (HbO2), total hemoglobin (TotHb), water (H2O) and percent tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (%StO2), were calculated from optical property data. PDT efficacy was also determined from morphometric analysis of tumor necrosis in histologic specimens. All the measured tumor properties changed significantly during PDT. [Hb] increased by 9%, while [HbO2], [TotHb] and %StO2 decreased by 18, 7 and 12%, respectively. Using histologic data we show that long-term PDT efficacy is highly correlated to mean BPD concentration in tumor and PDT-induced acute changes in [HbO2], [TotHb] and %StO2 (correlation coefficients of 0.829, 0.817 and 0.953, respectively). Overall, our results indicate that NIR FDPM spectroscopy is able to quantify noninvasively and dynamically the PDT-induced physiological effects in vivo that are highly correlated with therapeutic efficacy.
Constraint-based design of optimal transport elements (2002)

An airliner contains thousands of transport elements, such as tubes, hoses, and wires. Transport elements must be designed subject to many constraints. Some are extrinsic, involving factors such as clearance, slope, and stay-out/stayin zones. Others are intrinsic, involving factors such as bend angles and bend radii. A key problem is to design a feasible route that runs from A to B optimally (e.g., as short as possible). We describe an algorithm that allows sketching a route in terms of constraints. The user can rapidly explore trade-o.s between multiple optimal routes, making decisions and changes in terms of quantities directly related to engineering considerations. This e.ectively automates a tedious manual design process, potentially saving signi.cant amounts of time and money, as well as producing superior designs.
Articulating Turbine Rotor Blade Concept for Improved Off-Design Performance of Gas Turbine Engines (2016)

Gas turbine engines are generally optimized to operate at nearly a fixed speed with fixed blade geometries for the design operating condition. When the operating condition of the engine changes, the flow incidence angles may not be optimum with the blade geometry resulting in reduced off-design performance. Articulating the pitch angle of turbine blades in coordination with adjustable nozzle vanes can improve performance by maintaining flow incidence angles within the optimum range at all operating conditions of a gas turbine engine. Maintaining flow incidence angles within the optimum range can prevent the likelihood of flow separation in the blade passage and also reduce the thermal stresses developed due to aerothermal loads for variable speed gas turbine engine applications. U.S. Army Research Laboratory has partnered with University of California San Diego and Iowa State University Collaborators to conduct high fidelity stator-rotor interaction analysis for evaluating the aerodynamic efficiency benefits of articulating turbine blade concept. The flow patterns are compared between the baseline fixed geometry blades and articulating conceptual blades. The computational fluid dynamics studies were performed using a stabilized finite element method developed by the Iowa State University and University of California San Diego researchers. The results from the simulations together with viable smart material based technologies for turbine blade actuations are presented in this paper.
Eukaryotic expression cloning with an antimetastatic monoclonal antibody identifies a tetraspanin (PETA-3/CD151) as an effector of human tumor cell migration and metastasis. (1999)

A monoclonal antibody (mAb), 50-6, generated by subtractive immunization, was found to specifically inhibit in vivo metastasis of a human epidermoid carcinoma cell line, HEp-3. The cDNA of the cognate antigen of mAb 50-6 was isolated by a modified eukaryotic expression cloning protocol from a HEp-3 library. Sequence analysis identified the antigen as PETA-3/CD151, a recently described member of the tetraspanin family of proteins. The cloned antigen was also recognized by a previously described antimetastatic antibody, mAb 1A5. Inhibition of HEp-3 metastasis by the mAbs could not be attributed to any effect of the antibodies on tumor cell growth in vitro or in vivo. Rather, the antibodies appeared to inhibit an early step in the formation of metastatic foci. In a chemotaxis assay, HEp-3 migration was blocked by both antibodies. HeLa cells transfected with and overexpressing PETA-3/CD151 were more migratory than control transfectants expressing little CD151. The increase in HeLa migration was inhibitable by both mAb 50-6 and mAb 1A5. PETA-3 appears not to be involved in cell attachment because adhesion did not correlate with levels of PETA-3 expression and was unaffected by mAb 50-6 or mAb 1A5. The ability of PETA-3 to mediate cell migration suggests a mechanism by which this protein may influence metastasis. These data identify PETA-3/CD151 as the first member of the tetraspanin family to be linked as a positive effector of metastasis.
An inexpensive, scalable, and open-architecture media server (2003)

An inexpensive scalable architecture for a multimedia server is presented. A detailed view of its software and hardware components is explained, as well as its performance. Results indicate linear scalability of the system in terms of server bandwidth with respect to the number of basic server elements. Since the server is composed of readily available inexpensive components, a variety of server capacities can be constructed at low incremental cost.