gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A caching strategy to reduce network impacts of PCS (1994)

We propose an auxiliary strategy, called per-user caching, for locating users who move from place to place while using Personal Communications Services (PCS). The caching strategy augments the basic location strategy proposed in existing standards such as GSM and IS-41, with the objective of reducing network signaling and database loads in exchange for increased CPU processing and memory costs. Since technology trends are driving the latter costs down, the auxiliary strategy will become increasingly attractive. The idea behind caching is to reuse the information about a called user's location for subsequent calls to that user, and is useful for those users who receive calls frequently relative to the rate at which they change registration areas. This idea attempts to exploit the spatial and temporal locality in calls received by users, similar to the idea of exploiting locality of file access in computer systems. We use a reference PCS architecture and the notion of a user's local call-to-mobility ratio (LCMR) to quantify the costs and benefits of using caching and classes of users for whom it would be beneficial. We also present two simple algorithms for estimating users' LCMR and the situation in which each is preferable. We show that under a variety of assumptions caching is likely to yield significant net benefits in terms of reduced signaling network traffic and database loads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biomechanical Validation of Load-Sharing Rip-Stop Fixation for the Repair of Tissue-Deficient Rotator Cuff Tears (2013)

The LSRS rotator cuff repair construct may be useful in the repair of difficult tears such as massive tears, medial tears, and tears with tendon loss.
Graded-index sphere lens with hemispherical rod cladding (1982)

When a radially inhomogeneous sphere whose refractive-index profile decreases from center to periphery in a nearly parabolic manner is cladded with an additional hemispherical rod, the spherical aberration of the resultant lens (having a diameter of several millimeters) can be minimized to the diffraction limit for N.A. 0.45.
Two-sensor ultrasonic spacecraft leak detection using structure-borne noise (2005)

Micrometeorite hits can create air leaks in manned spacecraft. Leak-generated-guided ultrasonic waves can be monitored within the platelike spacecraft skin to detect and locate leaks. Cross-correlation techniques allow measurement of the deterministic behavior of the leak-generated noise. Measured leak-into-vacuum cross-correlations of noise signals from two adjacent transducers are recorded as the transducer pair is rotated to determine the relative phase delay as a function of rotation angle. The direction to the leak is found from the variation of phase with angle or from synthetic aperture analysis. The leak is then located through triangulation from two or more sensor-pair locations.
Ranking related news predictions (2011)

We estimate that nearly one third of news articles contain references to future events. While this information can prove crucial to understanding news stories and how events will develop for a given topic, there is currently no easy way to access this information. We propose a new task to address the problem of retrieving and ranking sentences that contain mentions to future events, which we call ranking related news predictions. In this paper, we formally define this task and propose a learning to rank approach based on 4 classes of features: term similarity, entity-based similarity, topic similarity, and temporal similarity. Through extensive evaluations using a corpus consisting of 1.8 millions news articles and 6,000 manually judged relevance pairs, we show that our approach is able to retrieve a significant number of relevant predictions related to a given topic.
Efficient scalable coding of stereophonic audio by conditional quantization and estimation-theoretic prediction (2004)

The standard scalable coding of stereophonic audio suffers from significant performance loss because of (1) poor prediction gain at the enhancement-layer and (2) direct requantization of the reconstruction error, which is suboptimal for the noise-mask ratio (NMR) criterion. To mitigate such performance loss, this paper proposes an integrated approach which employs two complementary techniques, namely, the estimation theoretic (ET) predictor and the conditional enhancement-layer quantizer (CELQ). The ET predictor has been shown to combine information from various sources for efficient enhancement-layer prediction, while CELQ efficiently handles scalable quantization to minimize NMR. We demonstrate that the proposed combined approach can achieve major performance gains in terms of bit rate reduction and reconstruction quality enhancement. For example, the proposed 2/spl times/16 kbit/s two layer coder achieves considerably improved reconstruction quality compared to that of the conventional 4/spl times/16 kbit/s four layer coder, despite expending only 50% of the standard scalable coder bit rate.
325 Novel Multi-Target Stool DNA Marker Panel Yields Highly Accurate Detection of Colorectal Cancer and Premalignant Neoplasia (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of average-risk screening, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the 2 nd leading cause of cancer death in the US. For optimal prevention, CRC screening tools should be highly accurate, user-friendly, and broadly accessible. Patient and provider adoption of the FDA-approved, guideline-endorsed multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test has grown exponentially since its launch in 2014. Toward ongoing improvement in CRC screening effectiveness, we conducted a blinded case-control study to assess the detection accuracy of a mt-sDNA panel of novel, highly discriminant methylated DNA markers (MDMs). METHODS: We selected 12 candidate MDMs from prior whole methylome discovery and validation in tissue. Stool was obtained as part of previous large, multicenter studies and collected prior to or 7 days post-colonoscopy (prior to any clinically-indicated treatment). CRC, advanced adenoma (AA; size ≥1 cm, high-grade dysplasia, or ≥25% villous morphology), non-AA, or control (no neoplasia) status was defined by colonoscopy and histopathology. Samples were blinded to operators and randomized by characterization to balance the test sets prior to assessment. MDMs were quantified by target-specific DNA capture and Long-probe Quantitative Amplified Signal assay on bisulfite-converted DNA; fecal hemoglobin was quantified by immunoassay. Bootstrapping methods were used to select a panel of 3 MDMs, which was then 10-fold cross-validated; hemoglobin was also included, as was a colon epithelium-specific MDM to normalize stool MDM levels. RESULTS: Participant samples included 117 CRC, 120 AA, 161 non-AA, and 327 controls. Median age was 67 (IQR 61, 75) years; 51% were men. The AUC with best-fit was 0.97 for CRC and 0.84 for AA, and these high AUCs held up tightly on cross-validation (Figure 1). At 92% (95% CI 88-94%) specificity, sensitivity of the panel was 92% (95% CI 86-96%) for CRC. Neither CRC stage (Figure 2) nor CRC site significantly affected performance. At the same 92% specificity, sensitivity was 65% (95% CI 56-73%) for AAs overall, 67% (38-88%) for sessile serrated polyps ≥1 cm, and 71% (57-82%) for adenomas with villous features (Figure 3). CONCLUSION: These data support highly accurate performance of a novel panel of mt-sDNA markers for detecting both CRC (including early stage lesions) and AAs at greatest risk of progression. Prospective comparative studies are warranted to further establish the clinical potential of this novel screening tool.
A novel single-input two-output (SITO) strategy for split range control (2017)

This paper presents a novel method∗ for implementing a split range control using a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller where two valves, a big and a small valve, can be used to simultaneously control the underlying process. The proposed control strategy uses proportional action to move the small valve while the integral action is directed to the big valve. Linear stability analysis and design techniques are shown to be applicable to the proposed control strategy. Simulation examples are used to illustrate the advantages of the SITO scheme. The proposed method is demonstrated on a dehydrator drum level at a gas-oil separation plant (GOSP).
Expression of Streptococcal M Protein in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1983)

The structural gene for group A streptococcal M protein, the fibrillar surface molecule enabling the organism to resist phagocytosis, has been cloned into Escherichia coli. The molecule produced by Escherichia coli is slightly larger than the M protein isolated by solubilization of the streptococcal cell wall, but is similar in size to that secreted by streptococcal protoplast and L forms. Immunologically, the molecule synthesized by Escherichia coli has the same type-specific determinants as the streptococcal M protein.
Next generation therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (2013)

To date, no truly effective therapy has been developed for Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment. In searching for new approaches that may succeed where previous ones have failed, it may be instructive to consider the successful therapeutic developments for other chronic illnesses such as cancer and human immunodeficiency virus.
Memory operations of 1T2C-type ferroelectric memory cell with excellent data retention characteristics (2001)

A novel FET-type ferroelectric memory cell with one-transistor, and two-capacitor (1T2C) structure was fabricated and characterized, in which the generation of depolarization field in ferroelectric film during data retention was suppressed by polarizing two ferroelectric capacitors in opposite directions. It was demonstrated that the stored data were nondestructively read-out and their retention time was much longer than that of conventional ferroelectric-gate FET.
Analysis of multicrystalline solar cells from solar grade silicon feedstock (2005)

The paper focuses on the analysis of solar cells from the newly developed solar grade silicon (SoG-Si) feedstock from a metallurgical process route. The emphasis of our experiments was to define an industrial solar cell process to achieve efficiencies higher than /spl eta/=16% on multicrystalline wafers containing a significant amount of the SoG-Si. The material was prepared as multicrystalline ingots by directional solidification and wafered by conventional wire saw technique. We demonstrate efficiencies higher than 16% on several wafers of 156 cm/sup 2/ size with an industrial process sequence from batches containing 25% and 65% Elkem SoG-Si feedstock. The new feedstock under investigation will enable the mass PV production and opens the route for cost reductions in the PV-industry.
Creasable Dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea-Crosslinked Cotton Print Cloth (1974)

Creasable wrinkle-resistant cotton print cloths were prepared by crosslinking with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) in the presence of phosphorylating agents as catalysts and reactants. These fabrics were wrinkle resistant and, because of the catalytic action of the acidic phosphoryl groups present, could be given creases which were durable to laundering. The treatments were applied by a conventional laboratory pad-dry-cure technique. Fabric treated with the DMDHEU-sodium dihydrogen phosphate combination had a conditioned warp wrinkle recovery angle of 134° and retained 60% of its warp' breaking strength. Creases, which were excellent after five launderings, could be developed in this fabric after a mildly acidic rinse and ironing or pressing. A fabric treated with the DMDHEU-sodium hexametaphosphate combination had a warp conditioned wrinkle recovery angle of 136° and retained 55% of its breaking strength. Creases developed in this fabric also were excellent after laundering. Effects of process variables, such as concentration of phosphorylating agent, curing time and temperature, and added softener, are described, and creasing conditions and variables are discussed.
Multifunctional ceramic sensors: Humidity-gas sensor and temperature-humidity sensor (1982)

Two types of multifunctional ceramic sensors have been developed in response to strong demands for automatic control systems in cooking ovens, air conditioners, etc. The first sensing device can detect both humidity and particular reducing agents, such as alcohols and smokes, with a high sensitivity and selectivity. This novel ceramic sensor utilizes gas chemisorption at 400°-500°C as well as water physisorption at <150°C on the grain surface of MgCr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> -TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ceramic with a porous structure and p-type semiconduction. The other sensor is composed of a porous dielectric Ba <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5M</inf> Sr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</inf> TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ceramic characterized by a high temperature dependence of the dielectric constant. The sensing device can independently detect simultaneously and rapidly both temperature and humidity. These sensors exhibit long-term stability, in combination with heat treatment.
<title>Recent progress in photorefractive polymers: materials and structures</title> (1994)

A new class of photorefractive polymers is described in which an inert polymer binder is doped with a great molecule called a dual-function dopant, which has the dual functions of providing optical nonlinearity as well as charge transport as required for the photorefractive effect. These materials are the first photorefractive polymers to show both nondestructive readout as sufficiently low reading power and optical trap activation, in which pre-irradiation by a uniform light beam increases the concentration of deep trapping sites in the material. In the area of potential applications, a new sample configuration is described in which photorefractive polymers are fabricated into an electric field switchable stratified volume holographic structure. Individual layers may be activated by applied electric field leading to improved diffraction efficiency and angular selectivity.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Potent and Selective Ligands for the Dopamine 3 (D<sub>3</sub>) Receptor with a Novel in Vivo Behavioral Profile (2008)

A series of compounds structurally related to pramipexole were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as ligands for the dopamine 3 (D3) receptor. Compound 12 has a K(i) value of 0.41 nM to D3 and a selectivity of >30000- and 800-fold over the D1-like and D2 receptors, respectively. Our in vivo functional assays showed that this compound is a partial agonist at the D3 receptor with no detectable activity at the D2 receptor.
Iterative channel estimation using soft decision feedback (2002)

We present an iterative channel estimation scheme with soft decision feedback. In a block-by-block transmission system with a soft-output equalizer and/or decoder it is possible to feed back the decisions to the channel estimator to improve its performance. We propose to feed back soft decisions which will reduce error propagation. We also derive a suboptimal estimator with substantially lower complexity and present simulations for a GSM-like system. The improvement of the bit-error rate over non-iterative schemes with this low complexity estimator is about 0.8 dB (equalizer feedback) and 1.5 dB (decoder feedback).
A 470µW −92.5dBm OOK/FSK Receiver for IEEE 802.11 WiFi LP-WUR (2018)

An IEEE 802.11 WiFi LP-WUR receiver in 40nm CMOS technology is presented. The direct down-conversion receiver improves sensitivity by allocating single sidebands above the flicker noise corner for received signals. The receiver demodulates wideband FSK/OOK modulated wake-up messages generated by an 802.11 OFDM WiFi transmitter operating at 5.8GHz. The receiver achieves a sensitivity of -92.5dBm while consuming 470μW in OOK demodulation, and sensitivity of -90dBm while consuming 490μW in FSK demodulation at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and data-rate of 62.5kb/s. The radio uses an external clock as external component for baseband demodulation, and frequency calibration.
Fundamental study on laser spraying. Report 4. ; Estimation of stability of spraying. Laser yosha ni kansuru kisoteki kenkyu. 4. ; Supure no anteisei no ichikosatsu (1992)

The structure of the wire tip melted by laser beam was observed using high speed video camera. Stability of the spray was estimated by measuring the temperature of the wire tip with infrared radiation thermometer. The fluctuation of the position of upper tip of the wire has been wide, and the spray has been unstable when the fluctuation has become big extending outside the beam. This phenomena is occurred when there is no balance between the amount of wire feed and elimination of melt part by gas flow. The position and shape of the melt part of the wire tip has been divided mainly into three types; unstable spray with large temperature variation, stable spray with small temperature variation and stable spray with comparatively large temperature variation. It has been clarified that in case of former two types, the visual observation results for spray and variation of given temperature have shown good coping, and understanding of spray condition has been possible. 2 refs., 5 tabs.
Thermoelectric properties of Zn-doped Ca3AlSb3 (2012)

Polycrystalline samples of Ca3Al1−xZnxSb3, with x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 were synthesized via a combined ball milling and hot pressing technique and the influence of zinc as a dopant on the thermoelectric properties was studied and compared to the previously reported transport properties of sodium-doped Ca3AlSb3. Consistent with the transport in the sodium-doped material, substitution of aluminum with zinc leads to p-type carrier conduction that can be sufficiently explained with a single parabolic band model. It is found that, while exhibiting higher carrier mobilities, the doping effectiveness of zinc is lower than that of sodium and the optimum carrier concentration for a maximum figure of merit zT is not reached in this study. We find that the grain size influences the carrier mobility, carrier concentration, and lattice thermal conductivity, leading to improved properties at intermediate temperatures, and highlighting a possible approach for improved figures of merit in this class of materials.
P‐187: Photoaligned Transflective Liquid Crystal Display Using Low Twist Nematic and Electricity Controlled Birefringence Modes (2008)

Abstract In this paper, transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) with two different modes low twist nematic (MTN) and electricity controlled birefringence (ECB) has been proposed. The structure contains only a single cell gap in transmissive and reflective part, therefore the fabrication process is easy and only one more step UV exposure is needed during photoalignment process to produce domains. This configuration has a good contrast, viewing angle, response time and transmittance / reflectance. As a result it is suitable for high quality transflective thin‐film transistor (TFT) LCDs.
Regeneration of Perchlorate (ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>)-Loaded Anion Exchange Resins by a Novel Tetrachloroferrate (FeCl<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) Displacement Technique (2001)

Selective ion exchange is one of the preferred treatment technologies for removing low levels of perchlorate (ClO4-) from contaminated water because of its high efficiency and minimal impact on water quality through the addition or removal of chemicals and nutrients. However, the exceptionally high affinity of ClO4- for type I anion-exchange resins makes regeneration with conventional NaCl brine extremely difficult and costly for practical applications. The present study entails the development of a novel regeneration methodology applicable to highly selective anion-exchange resins. Tetrachloroferrate (FeCl4-) anions, formed in a solution of ferric chloride and hydrochloric acid (e.g., 1 M FeCl3 and 4 M HCl), were found to effectively displace Cl04- anions that were sorbed on the resin. A mass-balance analysis indicated that a nearly 100% recovery of ion-exchange sites was achieved by washing with as little as approximately 5 bed volumes of the regenerant solution in a column flow-through experiment There was no significant deterioration of the resin's performance with respect to ClO4- removal after repeated loading and regeneration cycles. Thus, the new methodology may offer a cost-effective means to regenerate ClO4- -loaded resins with improved regeneration efficiency, recovery, and waste minimization in comparison with conventional brine regeneration techniques.
Thin waveplate lenses: new generation in optics (2015)

We present new lenses – waveplate lenses created in liquid crystal materials. Waveplate lenses allowed focusing and defocusing laser beam depending on the sign of the circularity of laser beam polarization. Using an electrically-switchable liquid-crystal half-wave retarder we realized switching between focused and defocused beams by the waveplate lens. A combination of two such lenses allowed the collimation of a laser beam as well as the change of focal length of optical system. Lenses of varied size and focal length are presented.
Determination of locations of calibration earth stations for ground based beam forming in satellite systems (2017)

With growing need for satellite based communication systems, there is increasing focus on the technological advancements that can reduce the cost and SWaP (Size, Weight, and Power) of a satellite payload without compromising the achieved bandwidth efficiency. In a recent technological development, the signal processing for payload antenna beamforming is moved to the ground. The resultant scheme, called Ground-Based Beam Forming or GBBF (i) provides for a significant simplification to the satellite payload design, (ii) allows for improved system performance, and (iii) results in better system flexibility. A critical requirement in the GBBF system is a real-time calibration of payload antenna array. In one scheme for GBBF calibration, several transceiver systems, called Calibration Earth Stations or CESs, are placed at strategic locations within the satellite antenna coverage. CES location determination is an important system design problem for GBBF system development, as an improper choice of locations of CESs can either result in more number of CESs than necessary (thereby increasing the system cost and the CES site maintenance concerns) and/or it can deteriorate the performance of GBBF calibration. This paper describes a solution to this problem. Two criteria that the chosen CES locations should attain are described. Determination of the requisite number of CESs and their locations is cast as a problem of multi-dimensional nonlinear optimization of the selected criteria. A solution based on the stochastic annealing method is developed and its results are presented. This approach has been successfully applied in the GBBF system development for a European GEO satellite system.