gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lignin Peroxidases, Manganese Peroxidases, and Other Ligninolytic Enzymes Produced by Phlebia radiata during Solid-State Fermentation of Wheat Straw (1995)

The white rot fungus Phlebia radiata 79 (ATCC 64658) produces lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), glyoxal oxidase (GLOX), and laccase in the commonly used glucose low-nitrogen liquid medium. However, the enzymes which this fungus utilizes for selective removal of lignin during degradation of different lignocellulosic substrates have not been studied before. Multiple forms of LiP, MnP, GLOX, and laccase were purified from P. radiata culture extracts obtained after solid-state fermentation of wheat straw. However, the patterns of extracellular lignin-modifying enzymes studied were different from those of the enzymes usually found in liquid cultures of P. radiata. Three LiP isoforms were purified. The major LiP isoform from solid-state cultivation was LiP2. LiP3, which has usually been described as the major isoenzyme in liquid cultures, was not expressed during straw fermentation. New MnP isoforms have been detected in addition to the previously reported MnPs. GLOX was secreted in rather high amounts simultaneously with LiP during the first 2 weeks of growth. GLOX purified from P. radiata showed multiple forms, with pIs ranging from 4.0 to 4.6 and with a molecular mass of ca. 68 kDa.
Palladium Complexes of a Novel Family of P<i>,</i>N<i>-</i>Chelates, the 2-(2-Pyridyl)phospholes: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Catalytic Activity for Olefin/CO Copolymerization (2002)

2-(2-Pyridyl)phospholes bearing phenyl or cyclohexyl substituents on the phosphorus atom and 2-pyridyl, phenyl, or 2-thienyl groups on the C5 atom were prepared according to the Fagan−Nugent route. They reacted with (cod)PdClCH3, giving rise to stable complexes 3a−c and 3a‘−c‘ as single diastereoisomers in excellent yields. An X-ray diffraction study performed on complex 3b featuring a 1-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)phosphole ligand revealed a cis configuration of the phosphorus atom and the methyl group. The geometry of the coordinated P atom is highly distorted due to the rigidity of the 1,4-P,N chelate backbone. Complexes 3a,a‘, featuring 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)phosphole ligands, display fluxional behavior. NMR studies revealed an intramolecular exchange between the pendant and coordinated pyridyl groups, showing that 2-(2-pyridyl)phospholes can behave as hemilabile ligands. Treatment of complexes 3a−c and 3a‘−c‘ with 1 equiv of AgSbF6 in CH3CN afforded the corresponding cationic derivatives 4a−c and 4a‘−c‘ as single diastereoisomers. Complexes possessing no pendant pyridyl moiety are air-stable solids that can be isolated in high yield. They are active for the copolymerization of ethylene and CO in CH2Cl2, whereas complex 4a, bearing the 2-(2-pyridyl)phosphole ligand 2a, is reduced quantitatively to give the dinuclear [Pd2(2a)2]2+ complex 6. The catalytic activities obtained with complexes 4b,c and 4b‘,c‘ are among the highest obtained with P,N chelates. The substitution pattern of the 2-(2-pyridyl)phosphole ligands has an impact on the productivity of the Pd catalysts. P-cyclohexylphospholes are more efficient ligands than their P-phenyl analogues. Complex 4c, featuring a 2-(2-pyridyl)-5-(2-thienyl)phosphole ligand, catalyzed the copolymerization of CO and norbornene at 85 °C, affording oligomers with a narrow molecular weight distribution. In methanol, the cationic palladium methyl complex 4c afforded the bis-chelate [Pd(2c)2]2+ complex 5, which has been characterized by an X-ray diffraction study. Although the geometry around the palladium atom is distorted, the metric data of complex 5 are similar to those of 3b.
Microwave Performance of Niobium/Kapton Superconducting Flexible Cables (2016)

Flexible superconducting Nb microstrip transmission line cables, with lengths of ~5 cm, were fabricated using 2 mil (50.8 μm) thick E-series Kapton films. A 50 nm Ti layer was used to improve the adhesion of sputter-deposited 250-nm-thick Nb signal line and ground plane metallization. The signal traces of the microstrip were directly interfaced with edge-launch SMA connectors and measured up to 14 GHz in liquid He. For comparison, we also fabricated normal conductor (Ti/Cu) microstrip transmission lines with a similar design. The microwave performance of the Nb-based transmission lines indicates significantly lower intrinsic insertion loss (less than ~0.02 dB/cm) compared to the Cu-based microstrip measured at 4.2 K to have a loss of ~0.57 dB/cm.
Adversarial Camouflage: Hiding Physical-World Attacks with Natural Styles (2020)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. Existing works have mostly focused on either digital adversarial examples created via small and imperceptible perturbations, or physical-world adversarial examples created with large and less realistic distortions that are easily identified by human observers. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called Adversarial Camouflage (\emph{AdvCam}), to craft and camouflage physical-world adversarial examples into natural styles that appear legitimate to human observers. Specifically, \emph{AdvCam} transfers large adversarial perturbations into customized styles, which are then "hidden" on-target object or off-target background. Experimental evaluation shows that, in both digital and physical-world scenarios, adversarial examples crafted by \emph{AdvCam} are well camouflaged and highly stealthy, while remaining effective in fooling state-of-the-art DNN image classifiers. Hence, \emph{AdvCam} is a flexible approach that can help craft stealthy attacks to evaluate the robustness of DNNs. \emph{AdvCam} can also be used to protect private information from being detected by deep learning systems.
MORE POLYSILICON FOR SOLAR CELLS (2010)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTMORE POLYSILICON FOR SOLAR CELLSMANUFACTURING: OCI and Wacker expand raw material capacity in South Korea and U.S.MELODY VOITHCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2010, 88, 51, 10Publication Date (Print):December 20, 2010Publication History Published online27 March 2011Published inissue 20 December 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/CEN121610153854https://doi.org/10.1021/CEN121610153854newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views15Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Optimized Structure of Silicon/Carbon/Graphite Composites as an Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries (2006)

Si/carbon/graphite composites were prepared by mixing submicrometer Si, pitch cokes, and graphite powders followed by heat-treatment. Effects of particle sizes and the mixing method on the cycle performance were examined and the optimized composite structure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the composite electrodes. A "surface-coat-type" composite prepared by mixing Si with pitch cokes before mixing with graphite powders showed better cycle performances. The particle size of graphite was also a very important factor in keeping the composite's surface area low, resulting in low irreversible capacity. The downsizing of Si particles was also very effective to have good cycle performances.
Preparing pre-service teachers for rural appointments (2015)

Pre-service teachers need to be prepared to teach in both rural and urban contexts. Preparation to teach multi-grade classes in rural schools is excellent preparation for teaching any class, including urban single-grade classes. Based on our previous research and experience, we designed a unit to prepare our pre-service teachers for the issues they may face in their employment and especially in rural schools, including multi-grade teaching, coping with isolation, working as a casual teacher, and communicating with parents and caregivers. There are significant issues that are distinct in rural and urban contexts, including how metrocentric departmental policies can emphasise the rural/urban divide.
Micro/Nanofibre Optical Sensors: Challenges and Prospects (2018)

Micro/nanofibres (MNFs) are optical fibres with diameters close to or below the vacuum wavelength of visible or near-infrared light. Due to its wavelength- or sub-wavelength scale diameter and relatively large index contrast between the core and cladding, an MNF can offer engineerable waveguiding properties including optical confinement, fractional evanescent fields and surface intensity, which is very attractive to optical sensing on the micro and nanometer scale. In particular, the waveguided low-loss tightly confined large fractional evanescent fields, enabled by atomic level surface roughness and extraordinary geometric and material uniformity in a glass MNF, is one of its most prominent merits in realizing optical sensing with high sensitivity and great versatility. Meanwhile, the mesoporous matrix and small diameter of a polymer MNF, make it an excellent host fibre for functional materials for fast-response optical sensing. In this tutorial, we first introduce the basics of MNF optics and MNF optical sensors, and review the progress and current status of this field. Then, we discuss challenges and prospects of MNF sensors to some extent, with several clues for future studies. Finally, we conclude with a brief outlook for MNF optical sensors.
Apoptosis in skeletal muscle with aging (2002)

Sarcopenia may be partly due to a loss in total fiber number by apoptosis. We have investigated age-related alterations in the mitochondria-mediated pathway leading to apoptosis in the gastrocnemius muscle from 6-mo-old and 24-mo-old male Fisher 344 rats. Apoptosis (mono- and oligonucleosome fragmentation) in the gastrocnemius muscle was increased by 50% in the old rats compared with the adult animals. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between cytosolic cytochrome c and caspase-3 activity, although neither cytochrome c nor caspase-3 activity increased significantly with age. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between caspase-3 activity and mono- and oligonucleosome fragmentation in the old rats only. Mitochondrial Bcl-2 and Bax were not altered with age. In vitro experiments demonstrated that activation of the caspase cascade in skeletal muscle might be limited by procaspase-9 activation. This is the first study to explore the role of apoptosis in sarcopenia and suggests that subtle changes in apoptosis are involved.
Very-Short-Term Probabilistic Wind Power Forecasts by Sparse Vector Autoregression (2015)

A spatio-temporal method for producing very-short-term parametric probabilistic wind power forecasts at a large number of locations is presented. Smart grids containing tens, or hundreds, of wind generators require skilled very-short-term forecasts to operate effectively and spatial information is highly desirable. In addition, probabilistic forecasts are widely regarded as necessary for optimal power system management as they quantify the uncertainty associated with point forecasts. Here, we work within a parametric framework based on the logit-normal distribution and forecast its parameters. The location parameter for multiple wind farms is modeled as a vector-valued spatio-temporal process and the scale parameter is tracked by modified exponential smoothing. A state-of-the-art technique for fitting sparse vector autoregressive models is employed to model the location parameter and demonstrates numerical advantages over conventional vector autoregressive models. The proposed method is tested on a dataset of 5 min mean wind power generation at 22 wind farms in Australia. Five-min ahead forecasts are produced and evaluated in terms of point, and probabilistic forecast skill scores and calibration. Conventional autoregressive and vector autoregressive models serve as benchmarks.
An Application of Excimer Laser for the Crosslinking of Polyethylene. (1993)

An excimer laser has been employed for the crosslinking of polyethylene at room temperature using chlorobenzophenone (CBP) or benzophenone (BP) as a photoinitiator. The irradiation dose of the excimer laser light is about 450 J/g (sample weight) and the concentration of the photoinitiator ranges from 0.01 to 1.0% in weight. An overall gel content of about 30-35% is obtained for a sample with a thickness of 1.2 mm, although it locally reaches above 50% in the vicinity of the surface up to 0.3 mm in depth. The crosslinking is observed only near the irradiated surface of a sample within 0.3 mm in depth for a high photoinitiator concentration of 1.0%, while the homogeneous crosslinking is occurred up to about 2mm in depth for a very low concentration of 0.01%. The crosslinking rate decreases linearly with a depth for a concentration of 0.1%.
Hybrid type-II ARQ/AMS supported by channel predictive scheduling in a multi-user scenario (2002)

A combination of radio channel predictive time slot scheduling and link layer FEC/ARQ (forward error correction/automatic repeat request) with adaptive modulation, for IP (Internet protocol) packet data is presented and evaluated through simulations. The main idea is to make use of the fast fading characteristics of the radio channel through time slot scheduling, instead of alleviating the effects with over-pessimistic channel coding. By using information about the individual data streams, together with information about future wireless channel characteristics for the different mobile hosts, it it possible to plan the transmission to achieve a good quality of service while utilizing the scarce spectrum efficiently. The simulated results confirm that out proposed system can provide a high throughput while maintaining the BER and the delay low for the majority of the users.
LD light antisqueezing through fiber propagation in reflection-type interferometer (2007)

Antisqueezed light is a possible resource to apply quantum information technologies to the real world. When antisqueezed light is used in secure optical communications, an LD is a preferable light source from an engineering point of view. Although LD output power is low, LD light can be antisqueezed with the help of an EDFA in a reflection-type interferometer consisting of a standard single-mode fiber of typically 5 km. The ellipticity of the obtained antisqueezed light was 9 at maximum in a balanced interferometer case, and the angle that was subtended by antisqueezed fluctuations at the origin of phase space was 23 degrees at maximum. The feasibility of secure optical communications using antisqueezed light is demonstrated.
Negotiating Agreements Using Policies in Ubiquitous Computing Scenarios (2007)

The emerging ubiquitous computing vision is characterized by decentralized and ad hoc interoperation among devices and networks for access to services. Interacting devices or groups have highly heterogeneous resources and security and privacy concerns, and invariably belong to different security or administrative domains. Flexible and automated mechanisms are needed to achieve effective cross-domain interoperation that leads to a service or resource sharing agreement. We describe how policies representing system state, requirements and intent can be used to negotiate agreements between mutually unknown and untrusted systems that differ widely in their characteristics. Our negotiation protocol uses a small number of message types, which we have found to be sufficient for supporting a wide variety of application scenarios that occur on the Web, and that will likely be important in the ubiquitous computing environments of the future.
A family of resonant two-switch boosting switched-capacitor converter with ZVS operation and a wide voltage-gain range (2017)

In this paper, a family of Resonant Two-switch Boosting Switched-capacitor Converters (RTBSCs) with ZVS operation and a wide voltage-gain range is proposed. By adding a small resonant inductor to the TBSCs, the two bulky capacitor banks can be replaced by two much smaller resonant capacitors. Further by operating it above the resonant frequency, the transistors are ZVS turned on and diodes are ZCS turned off. The soft switching operation makes it possible to increase the switching frequency without sacrificing the overall efficiency, so the size can be decreased. Moreover, the voltage-gain range of the RTBSCs is increased significantly. As a result, the input-voltage range can be increased if the output voltage is regulated. The operation principle, voltage-gain curves, output characteristics and the voltage/current stress of the resonant tank for this family are analyzed. A 3X RTBSC prototype rated at 20~130W with a peak efficiency 98% was built to verify the analysis.
The effect of NaF and SMFP toothpastes on three-year caries increments in adolescents. (1994)

A three-year double blind clinical caries trial was undertaken to compare the anticaries efficacy of three types of active agent, namely sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP) and the combination of NaF plus sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), using two fluoride levels (1000 ppm F and 1500 ppm F). The prime objective of the study was to determine whether there was any difference in the anticaries efficacy between NaF and SMFP. The second objective was to assess the effect on caries protection of the incorporation of TMP into a NaF dentifrice formulation. The study was carried out to FDI protocol and involved 4,294 children aged 11-12 years at outset. These participants had been selected from a pool of 6,212 potential subjects on the basis of caries experience and dental eruption pattern. They were stratified by sex, examiner, presence of calculus and caries, and allocated at random to one of the six toothpastes under study. Clinical examinations were carried out at baseline and thereafter annually for 3 years. Bitewing radiographs of a subset of children were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. The outcome measure for the study, DMFS increment, was defined as the increase in caries over three years, taking into account changes occurring on individual tooth surfaces. After three years, clinical-only data for 3,517 children were available for the calculation of caries indices. The mean three-year DMFS increment for subjects using a dentifrice containing NaF alone was 6.4 per cent lower than for those using a dentifrice containing SMFP. The difference between the NaF+TMP users and the SMFP users was 8.1 percent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Introduction (2014)

In this introduction I will firstly try to address the basic question of what translation is, look at several crucial concepts and trends in translation studies and the increasingly important role which translation plays today in different domains of practice. Secondly I will provide a brief introduction to the chapters in this volume.
Antimicrobial activity of dalbavancin and comparators against Staphylococcus aureus causing pneumonia in patients with and without cystic fibrosis (2021)

The activities of dalbavancin and comparator agents were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the lower respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients with pneumonia. Bacterial isolates (n = 357) were collected from CF patients in 36 medical centers worldwide (2018-2019) and susceptibility tested using reference broth microdilution. Susceptibility results from these isolates were compared with those for 725 S. aureus isolates consecutively collected from non-CF patients with pneumonia from the same medical centers over the same period. Only isolates determined to be the probable cause of pneumonia were included in the study. Susceptibility profiles were very similar among isolates from CF and non-CF patients. Dalbavancin exhibited potent activity (MIC<sub>50/90</sub>, 0.03/0.03 mg/L) and complete coverage (100.0% susceptibility) against isolates from CF and non-CF patients. Ceftaroline (MIC<sub>50/90</sub>, 0.25/1 mg/L) was active against 97.8% and 98.1% of isolates from CF and non-CF patients, respectively. Oxacillin resistance (MRSA) rates were 27.7% among CF and 28.7% among non-CF patients. Among MRSA isolates from CF/non-CF patients (n = 99/208), susceptibility to ceftaroline, clindamycin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline were 91.9%/93.3%, 58.6%/64.4%, 40.4%/29.3%, and 83.8%/89.4%, respectively. Dalbavancin demonstrated high potency against S. aureus from CF and non-CF patients and may represent a valuable treatment option for CF patients with MRSA pulmonary infection.
Advanced research on risk factors of type 2 diabetes (2012)

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing globally and poses a heavy burden on public health and socioeconomic development of all nations. Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease and due to a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. Many environmental risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, including lifestyles such as sedentary behaviour, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption, internal environmental factors such as inflammatory factors, adipocytokines and hepatocyte factors, external environmental factors such as environmental endocrine disruptors. This review summarizes current research efforts concentrated on the contributors for accelerated type 2 diabetes epidemic. It also provides a novel prospect for future researches.
Promotive effect of brassinosteroids on cell division involves a distinct <i>CycD3</i>‐induction pathway in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2000)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that play an essential role in plant growth and development. However, the contradictory results of previous studies make their role in cell division unclear. Using a cDNA array, we identified genes that respond to BR in the det2 suspension culture of Arabidopsis, and found that epi-brassinolide upregulated transcription of the CycD3, a D-type plant cyclin gene through which cytokinin activates cell division. RNA gel-blot analysis and cell culturing showed that epi-brassinolide may promote cell division through CycD3, and can substitute cytokinin in culturing of Arabidopsis callus and suspension cells. The CycD3 induction by epi-brassinolide was further shown to involve de novo protein synthesis, but no protein phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. Induction was also found to occur in cells of a BR-insensitive mutant, bri1, suggesting that BR induces CycD3 transcription through a previously unknown signal pathway in plants.