gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spring-Loaded-Bolt Locking Device (1990)

Locking device designed to clamp small objects temporarily onto object or vehicle that accelerates. Intended to be used in place of toggle clamp, which can snap out of lock during excessive shock or vibration or because of accidental contact of person or object with toggle locking handle. Device looks and operates somewhat like spring-loaded door bolt. Moderate vibrations do not cause accidental unlocking.
Using the Electrochemistry of the Electrospray Ion Source (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFEATURESNEXTUsing the Electrochemistry of the Electrospray Ion SourceGary J. Van Berkel and Vilmos KerteszCite this: Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 15, 5510–5520Publication Date (Web):August 1, 2007Publication History Published online1 August 2007Published inissue 1 August 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac071944aCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2592Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Electrochemistry,Ions Get e-Alerts
Toxicity of naphthalene and 10 related compounds on Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). (2007)

Naphthalene and ten derivatives were evaluated for initial and residual toxicity, route of penetration and speed of toxic action on C. formosanus. In no-choice treated filter paper assays using two colonies, 1'and 2'acetonaphthone had the greatest contact toxicity followed by 1and 2-methoxynaphthalene; toxicity of these chemicals was 7to 38-fold greater than naphthalene. 2, 7and 2, 6-diisopropylnaphthalene were 4to 11-fold less toxic than naphthalene. For all chemicals tested, the colony collected from Lake Charles, LA, was more tolerant than that collected from New Orleans, LA. When termites placed on filter papers treated with the estimated 24h LC90s, 2'-acetonaphthone followed by 1-methylnaphthalene and 1'-acetonaphthone were the fastest acting toxicants killing 50% of workers after < 5h compared to 16h with naphthalene. Workers responded faster than soldiers to 1'-acetonaphthone and both responded similarly to 2'-acetonaphthone. At the estimated concentrations for 90% contact mortality, termite mortality via inhalation was not significantly different from the controls in 1'-acetonaphthone, 2'-acetonaphthone and 2-naphthalene methanol treatments. Naphthalene, 2-isopropylnaphthalene, 1and 2-methylnaphthalene and 1and 2methoxynaphthalene were highly volatile causing 61% to 100% termite mortality via their toxic fumes. In no-choice treated sand assays at 100mg kg, 1'-, 2'-acetonaphthone, 1-, 2-methoxynaphthalene and 2-naphthalene methanol were effective toxicants. 1'and 2'-acetonaphthone maintained their initial toxicity when 1-month residual activity was evaluated. Acetyl substitutions altered the physical and chemical properties of naphthalene moiety to low volatility, more contact toxicity, fast action, and long persistence. This study points to the potential value of 1'and 2'acetonaphthone in termite control programs.
Bridged-Grain Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (2013)

We introduce a new structure for low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs). This bridged-grain structure can reduce the threshold voltage and the subthreshold swing, increase the on-off ratio, and suppress leakage current and kink effect of TFTs significantly. This technique can be applied to all polycrystalline silicon TFTs, including those made by solid-phase crystallization, metal-induced crystallization, metal-induced lateral crystallization, and excimer laser annealing.
Technical Advance Automated Sample Mounting and Alignment System for Biological Crystallography at a Synchrotron Source (2004)

Summary tem, where automated data processing and structure solving software can influence the data collection pro- High-throughput data collection for macromolecular cess (e.g., crystal ranking and data collection strategycrystallographyrequiresanautomatedsamplemount- determination). (iv) Due to the high efficiency of the ing and alignment system for cryo-protected crystals system, the experimenter can evaluate a large pool ofthat functions reliably when integrated into protein- samples and select the best crystal from the set. This crystallography beamlines at synchrotrons. Rapid enables collection of higher quality data. (v) Mountingmounting and dismounting of the samples increases and dismounting of crystals can be done reliably reduc- the efficiency of the crystal screening and data collec- ing risk to crystals due to manual handling. (vi) System-tion processes, where many crystals can be tested for aticstudies ofexperimentalprotocolscan beperformed the quality of diffraction. The sample-mounting sub- in a manner and amount that would be impractical forsystem has random access to 112 samples, stored
Mitigating signaling overhead from multi-mode mobile terminals (2011)

Modern cellular networks may be deployed using multiple radio-access-network technologies with multi-mode mobile terminals capable of selecting among different technologies. Such a network typically forms an overlay-underlay architecture where the underlay uses an older technology (e.g., 3G) while the overlay uses a newer technology (e.g., 4G). It has been observed that excessive signaling message updates can arise due to registration ping-pongs, and Idle-mode Signaling Reduction (ISR) has been introduced as a mechanism to reduce this update load. In this paper, we show that while ISR reduces update load, it also has the effect of increasing paging load. We investigate tradeoff between update and paging loads. Our analysis quantifies a threshold that is used to activate or deactivate ISR for each mobile terminal and results in significant signaling load reduction. We also develop a practical threshold-based algorithm that does not rely on knowledge of the structure of an overlay or terminal mobility.
Influence of Fluorination of the Sugar Moiety on the Anti-HIV-1 Activity of 2',3'-Dideoxynucleosides (1989)

Abstract The advent of AIDS has prompted the search for effective anti-HIV-1 agents, and, in view of the efficacy of azidothymidine in the treatment of AIDS, 2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides and analogues thereof have been considered as the most obvious candidates for AIDS chemotherapy. Various substituents have been introduced at the 3′-position, but only the 3′-azido and 3′-fluoro derivatives were found active against HIV-1. Introduction of a fluorine in organic compounds frequently causes a dramatic change in their biological activity. The stability of the carbon-fluorine bond and the strong electronegative character of fluorine, altering the electronic properties of the substituted molecule, led us to synthesize dideoxynucleosides with a fluorine substituent at different positions. The synthe-
Fuelcell-hybrid shunt locomotive: largest fuelcell land vehicle (2010)

A fuelcell locomotive provides the advantages of its competitors, namely catenary-electric and diesel-electric, while avoiding their disadvantages. It possesses the environmental benefits, at the vehicle, of an electric locomotive but the higher overall energy efficiency and lower infrastructure costs of a diesel. The natural fuel for a fuelcell is hydrogen, which can be produced from many renewable energies or nuclear energy, and thus a hydrogenfuelcell locomotive will not depend on imported oil. Hydrogen produced from renewable primary energies or nuclear energy would provide a totally zero-emissions vehicle, that is, with zero carbon in the energy cycle. A North American consortium a project partnership among BNSF Railway Company, the US Army Corps of Engineers, and Vehicle Projects Inc has developed a prototype hydrogen-fueled fuelcell-battery hybrid shunt locomotive for urban and military-base rail applications (see Fig. 1). This prototype is intended to lead to commercial locomotives, including freight, that will (1) reduce air and noise pollution in urban railyards, (2) increase energy security of the rail transport system by using hydrogen as fuel, (3) reduce atmospheric greenhouse-gas emissions, and (4) serve as a mobile backup power source (vehicle-to-grid) for critical infrastructure on military bases. The locomotive is presently at a BNSF railyard in the Los Angeles metro area, where it will commence its demonstration phase under working conditions. At 130 tonne, continuous net power of 240 kW from its proton-exchange membrane fuelcell prime mover, and transient power well in excess of 1 MW, the hybrid locomotive is the heaviest and most powerful fuelcell land vehicle yet built. Its 14 carbon-fiber composite compressedhydrogen storage tanks, located at the roofline, have a combined storage of 70 kg at 35
Low-Cost Fault Localization and Error Correction for a Signed Digit Adder Design Utilizing the Self-Dual Concept (2015)

This paper details a low-cost fault localization and error correction technique for binary signed-digit adders that utilizes the self-dual concept. This new design approach will result in a higher reliability, i.e., 100% of the single stuck-at faults can be corrected. Our technique is based on the observation that the proposed method under the existence of any single stuck-at fault, when fed by the complement of its functional input, yields the fault-free complement of the desired output. First, we apply parity-based error detection modules. Upon detection of a fault, this is followed by input inversion, re-computation, and suitable output inversion. By comparing the faulty and fault-free outputs, we can localize the faulty component. The proposed approach has higher reliability and lower complexity compared to previous related works.
Optimizing x-ray optics for modulating x-ray beams with MEMS devices (2019)

We have used microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to dynamically modulate synchrotron x-ray beams. By oscillating a small silicon crystal at 10s to 100s of kHz, we have demonstrated that the “time window” in which the Bragg condition is satisfied, and thus the time in which an x-ray pulse can be deflected by diffraction, can be significantly less than 1 ns. Here we discuss the optimization of x-ray optics to further improve device performance. We show that the time window can be reduced by matching the dispersion of a monochromator crystal to that of the MEMS crystal. We consider the case of an ideally perfect crystal and also treat the effects of strain and curvature, either of which broadens the crystal rocking curve and thus degrades the time window. A careful understanding of the effects of dispersion and x-ray wavelength produces time windows approaching the typical synchrotron pulse duration.
Design and fabrication of a gold electroplated electromagnetic and electrostatic hybrid MEMS relay (2005)

This paper reports on a gold electroplated hybrid microrelay that combines the advantages offered by electromagnetic and electrostatic actuation mechanisms. The microrelay design achieves signal by out-of-plane motion of a contact cross-bar fabricated on a diaphragm fixed at both ends to short the isolated input and output contacts. Major factors influencing the design approach include low contact resistance in the closed state, high signal isolation in the open state, latching upon loss of power, and fabrication robustness and cost. The MEMS device is surface micromachined with structures fabricated by electroplating gold through photoresist masks. Experimental results show that 95% of the devices can be actuated and ≈50% of them pass signal. The average contact resistance is about 170mΩ and the system isolation is 70dB at 20MHz when a gold ground plane is added.
Cell‐Friendly Inverse Opal‐Like Hydrogels for a Spatially Separated Co‐Culture System (2014)

Three-dimensional macroporous scaffolds have extensively been studied for cell-based tissue engineering but their use is mostly limited to mechanical support for cell adhesion and growth on the surface of macropores. Here, a templated fabrication method is described to prepare cell-friendly inverse opal-like hydrogels (IOHs) allowing both cell encapsulation within the hydrogel matrix and cell seeding on the surface of macropores. Ionically crosslinked alginate microbeads and photocrosslinkable biocompatible polymers are used as a sacrificial template and as a matrix, respectively. The alginate microbeads are easily removed by a chelating agent, with minimal toxicity for the encapsulated cells during template removal. The outer surface of macropores in IOHs can also provide a space for cell adherence. The cells encapsulated or attached in IOHs are able to remain viable and to proliferate over time. The elastic modulus and cell-adhesion properties of IOHs can be easily controlled and tuned. Finally, it is demonstrated that IOH can be used to co-culture two distinct cell populations in different spatial positions. This cell-friendly IOH system provides a 3D scaffold for organizing different cell types in a controllable microenvironment to investigate biological processes such as stem cell niches or tumor microenvironments.
Incorporating risk into business process models (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Although business process modeling is considered as a core activity in enterprise risk management, existing process modeling languages do not include a complete notation for documenting how processes can fail. This paper develops a conceptual framework for extending standard business process metamodels to include comprehensive information that is useful for managing and quantifying operational risk in business processes. We provide formal extensions of the Business Process Modeling Notation standard, as well as a step-by-step process for creating a risk-extended process model. </para>
Distinct structural and functional epitopes of the α<sup>E</sup>β<sub>7</sub> integrin (1994)

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) are predominantly CD3+, CD8+ T lymphocytes located above or adjacent to the mucosal basement membrane. Although they are positioned to interact with intercellular luminal antigen or with enterocytes, the function of iIEL remains unknown. Most (> 85%) of the iIEL express the alpha E beta 7 integrin which appears to be involved in the adhesion of lymphocytes to epithelial cells. We report the characterization of three monoclonal antibodies (mAb) termed alpha E7-1, alpha E7-2, and alpha E7-3, that react with the alpha E beta 7 integrin recognized by the previously described mAb HML-1 as demonstrated by identical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis mobility and charge. Flow cytometric analysis of antibody cross-blocking indicated that these mAb recognize distinct epitopes of alpha E beta 7. While all of the mAb were capable of blocking the adhesion of cultured iIEL to a breast epithelial cell line, only HML-1 and alpha E7-1 (which recognize an identical or closely related epitope) were co-stimulatory with suboptimal concentrations of anti-CD3 mAb in inducing proliferation of cultured iIEL. Thus, these mAb appear to recognize functionally distinct epitopes of alpha E beta 7 and will be useful to study relationships between the structure and function of this integrin.
TH-E-218-10: Feasibility Demonstration and Initial Construction of an Integrated Carbon Nanotube Micro-CT System for Compact Microbeam Radiation Therapy Image Guidance (2012)

Purpose: Synchrotron generated Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) has been shown to cause significant damage to radioresistant brain tumors while sparing surrounding normal tissues in rats. The potential translation of this experimental type of therapy to clinical use is hindered by the fact that the mechanism behind MRT is still not fully understood and by the lack of widely available MRT devices. We have developed a prototype compact MRT system based on carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission x-ray technology in the hopes of enabling more cancer biologists to explore the radiobiology behind MRT. Our purpose in this study is to begin the integration of a micro-CT scanner with the MRT system for image guided MRT delivery. Methods: We tested the feasibility of using the micro-CT scanner in conjunction with the MRT system by designing a specialized phantom to be scanned, targeted, and irradiated by two pre-existing independent systems. After scanning, the phantom was visualized by our treatment planning software ‘Micro-PLUNC’, where the desired beam pattern was inserted into the reconstructed images of the phantom. Afterwards, positioning parameters were calculated to allow for the beams to be delivered at the planned locations within the phantom. Finally, the phantom was irradiated with internal Gafchromic films to verify the delivered dose pattern. Results: A pre-determined microbeam pattern was successfully delivered to within +/− 150 um accuracy. Films placed on the phantom holder and within the phantom itself confirmed the desired dose pattern. Based on this study, construction of the Micro-CT guided MRT dual system was begun. Conclusions: The feasibility of using our existing Micro-CT technology as image guidance for MRT was displayed. When integration is fully completed, the new system will allow for precise dose delivery in small animals and will prevent wasting dose in areas outside the treatment volume. Funding sources include: NCI C-CCNE, NCI GO grant
Authorized quantum computation (2009)

We present authorized quantum computation, where only a user with a non-cloneable quantum authorization key can perform a unitary operation created by an authenticated programmer. The security of our authorized quantum computation is based on the quantum computational complexity problem of forging the keys from an obfuscated quantum gate sequence. Under the assumption of the existence of a \textit{sufficiently-random gate shuffling algorithm}, the problem is shown to be in the NQP (Non-deterministic Quantum Polynomial)-hard class by reducing it to a NQP-Complete problem, the exact non-identity check problem. Therefore, our authorized quantum computation can be computationally secure against attacks using quantum computers.
Deep Convolutional Ranking for Multilabel Image Annotation (2013)

Multilabel image annotation is one of the most important challenges in computer vision with many real-world applications. While existing work usually use conventional visual features for multilabel annotation, features based on Deep Neural Networks have shown potential to significantly boost performance. In this work, we propose to leverage the advantage of such features and analyze key components that lead to better performances. Specifically, we show that a significant performance gain could be obtained by combining convolutional architectures with approximate top-$k$ ranking objectives, as thye naturally fit the multilabel tagging problem. Our experiments on the NUS-WIDE dataset outperforms the conventional visual features by about 10%, obtaining the best reported performance in the literature.
Error evaluation algorithm for oneshot Reed-Solomon decoder (2003)

This paper discusses an error evaluation algorithm for oneshot decoding of Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. The coefficients of new O(t) error polynomials as well as those of the error-locator polynomials for different number of errors are derived in closed and shared formulas for efficient, symbol-parallel, division-free error evaluation.
Echo canceller for attenuating acoustic echo signals on a frequency-divisional manner (1990)

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Efficacy of a Cold-Adapted, Modified-Live Virus Influenza Vaccine: A Double-Blind Challenge Trial (1999)

Protection against an experimental aerosol challenge with equine influenza virus was demonstrated at 5 weeks and 6 months after a single intranasal administration of a cold-adapted, modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine. Authors’addresses: Dept. of Veterinary Internal Medicine (Townsend, Cook, and Watts) and Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology (Bogdan and Haines), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5B4; Carnduff Veterinary Clinic, Carnduff, SK, Canada 50C 050 (Griffin); Dept. of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, 108 Gluck Equine Research Center, Lexington, KY 40546-0099 (Chambers and Holland); Dept. of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 (Dowling and Youngner); and Heska Corp., 1613 Prospect Pkwy., Fort Collins, CO 80525 (Penner and Sebring). r 1999 AAEP.
Intact Soluble P-Glycoprotein is Secreted by Sinonasal Epithelial Cells (2016)

Cultured sinonasal epithelial cells were able to both secrete intact P-gp and could functionally interpolate soluble P-gp into their cell membrane. These in vitro findings indicated that soluble P-gp may be present in nasal mucus as a biomarker and could participate in the maintenance of P-gp overexpression in chronic rhinosinusitis and associated inflammation.
DNA polymorphisms in bovine <i>fatty acid synthase</i> are associated with beef fatty acid composition<sup>1</sup> (2008)

The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the thioesterase (TE) domain of the bovine fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene and to evaluate the extent to which they were associated with beef fatty acid composition. The four exons in FASN that encode for the TE domain were sequenced, and three SNPs, AF285607:g.17924A>G, g.18663T>C and g.18727C>T, were identified. Purebred Angus bulls (n = 331) were classified into three genotype groups, g.17924AA (n = 121), g.17924AG (n = 168) and g.17924GG (n = 42). The g.17924A>G genotype was significantly associated with fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle of Angus bulls. Cattle with the g.17924GG genotype had lower myristic acid (C14:0; P < 0.0001), palmitic acid (C16:0, P < 0.05) and total saturated fatty acid contents (P < 0.01), greater health index (P < 0.001), oleic acid content (C18:1; P < 0.001) and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration (P < 0.01) in the total lipids and triacylglycerols fraction than did those with the g.17924AA genotype. Because of the linkage disequilibrium between SNPs g.17924A>G and g.18663T>C, similar significant associations of fatty acid contents with the g.18663T>C genotypes were observed. In conclusion, the SNPs g.17924A>G and g.18663T>C may be used as DNA markers to select breeding stock that have a healthier fatty acid composition.
Simplified depth intra mode selection for 3D video compression (2014)

A simplified depth modeling mode (DMM) selection algorithm is proposed for 3D-HEVC depth intra coding. Since DMMs are designed for coding units (CUs) with edge or sharp transition, it is not efficient for smooth CU compression. Based on the observation that most CUs in a depth frame are smooth or flat, we notice most of the DMM full-Rate-Distortion (RD) search could be skipped. Using the modes in full-RD list as the skip signal, we propose a simplified DMM selection algorithm to avoid unnecessary DMM full-RD cost calculation. Since modes in full-RD list already exist, we can derive the skip signal without any additional calculation. The test result for the proposed simplified selection algorithm shows 21.8% encoding time saving with only 0.16% bitrate increasing in coded and synthesized view for All-Intra test case.