gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
25.3 A VCO with implicit common-mode resonance (2015)

CMOS VCO performance metrics have not improved significantly over the last decade. Indeed, the best VCO Figure of Merit (FOM) currently reported was published by Hegazi back in 2001 [1]. That topology, shown in Fig. 25.3.1(a), employs a second resonant tank at the source terminals of the differential pair that is tuned to twice the LO frequency (F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LO</inf> ). The additional tank provides a high common-mode impedance at 2xF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LO</inf> , which prevents the differential pair transistors from conducting in triode and thus prevents the degradation of the oscillator's quality factor (Q). As a consequence, the topology can achieve an oscillator noise factor (F)-defined as the ratio of the total oscillator noise to the noise contributed by the tank- of just below 2, which is equal to the fundamental limit of a cross-coupled LC CMOS oscillator [2]. There are, however, a few drawbacks of Hegazi's VCO: (1) the additional area required for the tail inductor, (2) the routing complexity demanded of the tail inductor, which can degrade its Q and limit its effectiveness, and (3) for oscillators with wide tuning ranges, the need to independently tune the second inductor, which again can degrade its Q. Moreover, it can be shown that the common-mode impedance of the main tank at 2×F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LO</inf> also has a significant effect on the oscillator's performance, which if not properly modeled can lead to disagreement between simulation and measurement, particularly in terms of the flicker noise corner. To mitigate these issues, this work introduces a new oscillator topology that resonates the common-mode of the circuit at 2xF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LO</inf> , but does not require an additional inductor.
A gossip-based reliable multicast for large-scale high-throughput applications (2002)

Group-based reliable multicast is an important building block for distributed applications. For large systems, however, traditional approaches do not scale well due to centralized recovery mechanisms and excessive message overhead. In this paper, we present a reliable probabilistic multicast, rpbcast, that is a hybrid of the centralized and gossip-based approaches. In particular, rpbcast extends previous work by supporting high packet rates and many active senders. Rpbcast uses gossip as the primary retransmission mechanism and only contacts loggers if gossips fail. Large groups of active senders are supported using negative gossip that specifies those messages a receiver is missing instead of those messages it received. Moreover, we show that negative gossip allows pull based recovery and converges faster than push based recovery. Rpbcast also applies hashing techniques to reduce message overhead and approximate group membership for garbage collection. We describe the key features of rpbcast and present simulation results.
Release planning under fuzzy effort constraints (2004)

A software release is a collection of new and/or changed features that form a new product. Release planning is a very complex problem including different stakeholder perspectives, competing objectives and different types of constraints. Most of the information is usually uncertain. Under such circumstances, the use of crisp values is only an approximation of reality. We propose an approach improving existing methods for release planning by handling the uncertainty of data using fuzzy logic. Concretely, we consider fuzziness with respect to the effort estimates, effort capacity constraints and the different objectives related to cost, benefit and quality. The satisfaction of traditional constraints on effort is performed using a fuzzy system to obtain an overall satisfaction level of a solution. This is considered to be an essential support for the actual decision-making. All the proposed concepts and the complete approach are illustrated by a case study example.
High Performance Magnesium Composite Alloys with Mg <sub>2</sub> Si Dispersoids via Solid‐State Synthesis Process (2003)

In this study, the material and processing designs for Mg composites with Mg2Si dispersions are introduced, by employing in-situ formation of Mg2Si in solid-state. The effect of the refinement microstructure control on the mechanical properties of the magnesium composite dispersed with Mg2Si is discussed. Furthermore, from a viewpoint in establishing the scale-up oriented technology, the possibility to apply the processing design for this magnesium composite to the mass production is investigated.
Regulation of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation by glucose-alanine cycling during starvation in humans (2019)

In order to determine whether the glucose-alanine cycle regulates rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation in humans, we applied positional isotopomer NMR tracer analysis (PINTA) to assess rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation and pyruvate carboxylase flux in healthy volunteers following both an overnight (12 hours) and a 60-hour fast. Following the 60-hour fast, rates of endogenous glucose production and mitochondrial oxidation decreased, whereas rates of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase flux remained unchanged. These reductions were associated with reduced rates of alanine turnover, assessed by [3-13C]alanine, in a subgroup of participants under similar fasting conditions. In order to determine whether this reduction in alanine turnover was responsible for the reduced rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation, we infused unlabeled alanine into another subgroup of 60-hour fasted subjects to increase rates of alanine turnover, similar to what was measured after a 12-hour fast, and found that this perturbation increased rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that 60 hours of starvation induce marked reductions in rates of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation, which in turn can be attributed to reduced rates of glucose-alanine cycling, and reveal a heretofore undescribed role for glucose-alanine in the regulation of hepatic mitochondrial oxidation in humans.
A Novel Approach to Photoacoustic FT-IR Spectroscopy: Rheo-Photoacoustic Measurements (1989)

A new rheo-photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared cell has been developed to perform stress-strain studies on polymeric materials. The rheo-photoacoustic measurements lead to the enhancement of the photoacoustic signal and allow one to monitor the effect of elongational forces on the molecular structure of polymers. Propagating acoustic waves are detected as a result of the deformational changes and thermal property changes upon the applied stress. Applications of this technique to fibers, films, and adhesion of thin films are presented.
Development of high-resolution and light-weight x-ray optics with deformed silicon wafers (2009)

We report on our development of hot plastic deformation of silicon wafer for high-resolution and light-weight X-ray optics. The highly polished silicon wafer with an excellent flat surface is a promising candidate for the next generation space X-ray telescopes. Deformation accuracy and stability, especially if elastic deformation is used, are issues. The hot plastic deformation of the silicon wafer allows us 3-dimensional shaping without spring back after the deformation. As a first step of R & D, we conducted the hot plastic deformation of 4-inch silicon (111) wafers with a thickness of 300 μm by using hemispherical dies with a curvature radius of 1000 mm. The deformed wafer kept good surface quality but showed a slightly large curvature of 1030 mm. We measured the X-ray reflectivity of the deformed wafer at Al Kα 1.49 keV. For the first time, we detected the total X-ray reflection on the deformed wafer. Estimated rms surface roughness was 0-1 nm and no significant degradation from the bare silicon wafers was seen.
Large-Margin Minimum Classification Error Training for Large-Scale Speech Recognition Tasks (2007)

Recently, we have developed a novel discriminative training method named large-margin minimum classification error (LM-MCE) training that incorporates the idea of discriminative margin into the conventional minimum classification error (MCE) training method. In our previous work, this novel approach was formulated specifically for the MCE training using the sigmoid loss function and its effectiveness was demonstrated on the TIDIGITS task alone. In this paper two additional contributions are made. First, we formulate LM-MCE as a Bayes risk minimization problem whose loss function not only includes empirical error rates but also a margin-bound risk. This new formulation allows us to extend the same technique to a wide variety of MCE based training. Second, we have successfully applied LM-MCE training approach to the Microsoft internal large vocabulary telephony speech recognition task (with 2000 hours of training data and 120K of vocabulary) and achieved significant recognition accuracy improvement across-the-board. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that the large-margin approach is demonstrated to be successful in large-scale speech recognition tasks.
Abstract 20926: Sex-Specific Cardioprotective Effects of Annexin A1 Peptide Mimetic Involve the Sirtuin 3 Signaling Pathway (2016)

Introduction: We reported cardioprotective efficacy of a novel Annexin-A1 peptide mimetic (Ac10-12, ANXA1sp) in multiple experimental models of cold myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR), across spe...
Identifying the Operational Design Domain for an Automated Driving System through Assessed Risk. (2020)

Assuring the safety of autonomous vehicles is one of the most significant challenges in the automotive industry. Tech companies and automotive manufacturers use the idea of Operational Design Domain (ODD) to indicate where their Automated Driving Systems (ADS) can operate safely. By definition from SAE J3016, an ODD defines where the ADS is designed to operate. However, it is loosely defined in no particular format, and it is unclear how exactly to formulate the ODD, which leaves it up to the ADS developer to determine. This paper proposes a methodology to identify an ODD for an ADS with statistical data and risk tolerance, where the identified ODD is constituted of a geographical map where the risk of ADS operation is lower than the pre-determined risk threshold for a given set of environmental conditions. Two different ADSs are run through this method as an example to showcase the methodology and link the identified ODD directly to the calculated performance of the ADSs. This systematically generated ODD can mitigate potential safety issues by informing the limitations of the ADS to safety drivers, through geographic and environmental boundaries.
A New Drain Engineering Structure-SCD-LDD (Surface Counter Doped LDD) for Improved Hot Carrier Reliability (1993)

A new SCD-LDD (Surface Counter Doped LDD) structure is proposed. This structure introduces an additional oblique BF 2 implant after nLDD implant, which counter-dopes the nLDD surface concentration near the gate edge. As a result, the lateral electric fields beneath the gate were reduced and the saturation drain current was conducted downward away from the maximum electric fields, resulting in a substantial enhancement of hot carrier reliability due to suppression of hot carrier generation and injection with this structure.
Rule Construction and Execution for Root Cause Analysis (2015)

SUMMARY We developed a root cause analysis (RCA) system for an enterprise IT system environment. In this paper, we propose a rule‐construction method that builds analysis rule data objects from general analysis rules and the topology information of the actual target IT environment. Using this method, the IT administrator can use the RCA system without any manual rule modifications. For the execution of the analysis, we introduce the certainty factor to realize robust analysis when the order and reachability of a fault event cannot be guaranteed.
Carbamoylphosphonates, a New Class of in Vivo Active Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors. 1. Alkyl- and Cycloalkylcarbamoylphosphonic Acids (2004)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of over 20 zinc-dependent enzymes that hydrolyze connective tissue and are involved in a variety of diseases, which are associated with undesired tissue breakdown. This paper reports the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of a novel class of MMP inhibitors based on the carbamoylphosphonic acid function. We report a series of 10 open chain N-alkylcarbamoylphosphonic acids (ranging from R = C(1) to C(6) groups), eight N-cycloalkylcarbamoylphosphonic acids (ranging from cyclopropyl to cyclooctyl rings), and four N,N-dialkylcarbamoylphosphonic acids. The compounds were evaluated in three in vitro models, which consisted of (a) the in vitro invasion across a reconstituted basement membrane, (b) determination of the IC(50) values on recombinant MMP-1, MMP-2 MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9 enzymes, and (c) an in vitro capillary formation model, which is a model of angiogenesis. Several of the compounds were also tested in an in vivo murine melanoma model. The following general conclusions have been reached: Most compounds show selectivity for MMP-2 over the other MMP subtypes examined. Cycloalkylcarbamoylphosphonic acids are more potent than comparable open-chain alkyl compounds. Optimal activity against MMP-2 among the cycloalkyl derivatives was shown by N-cyclopentylcarbamoylphosphonic acid (3m). N,N-Dialkylcarbamoylphosphonic acids that were examined showed weak or no activity. The compounds examined showed toxic effects neither in vitro nor in vivo in the concentrations used. Carbamoylphosphonic acids are water soluble at physiological pH and are stable indefinitely.
Can toremifene prevent bone loss in the orchiectomized rat? (2004)

8108 Background: Androgen-deprivation therapy leads to osteoporosis and bone fractures in men with prostate cancer. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) which reduce bone resorption in females may also prevent osteoporosis and fractures in males. We tested the efficacy of toremifene (Tor), a SERM, to prevent bone loss in the castrated male rat. Methods: In a 6-wk study, fifty 8 mo-old male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=10): Sham, Orchiectomy (Orx), Orx+Tor (5mg/kg/d), Orx+Tor (10 mg/kg/d) and Orx+Estradiol (E, 0.2mg/kg/ml control). Treatment was initiated at castration via s.c. pump. Serum bone biomarkers osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptides (CTX) were measured at 0, 1.5, 4 and 6 wks by ELISA. Prostate was weighed at necropsy. Tibia was analyzed by histomorphometry. Femur bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical strength were measured by DEXA and Compression test, respectively. Results: Orx decreased prostate weight by 77%, significantly increased OC and CTX levels, decreased trabecular bone volume, and increased bone turnover significantly (p<0.05, orx vs. sham and treated groups). Orx increased osteoclast number, mineralization surface and bone formation rate (BFR/BS, BFR/BV, BFR/TV). E, 5 mg-Tor and 10 mg-Tor significantly reversed the Orx-related increase in OC and CTX levels, the effect of Tor being dose- and time-dependent. The Orx-induced increase in bone turnover parameters was also reversed by both E and Tor although the change was statistically nonsignificant. Orx resulted in loss of BMD in proximal- and distal-femur and while 5 mg-Tor was ineffective 10 mg-Tor and E prevented this loss. Both E and 10 mg-Tor had equal effect on the proximal-femur BMD and the effect of E on distal-femur was significant (p ≤ 0.01, E vs. Orx group). No statistically significant difference was observed in femur strength between Tor or E versus the Orx group. E or Tor had no effect on prostate weight in the Orx rat. Conclusions: Toremifene reduced bone turnover, prevented bone density loss and protected bone microarchitecture in the Orx rat. These studies suggest that toremifene may prevent bone loss and protect bone quality in prostate cancer patients treated by androgen-deprivation therapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GTx, Inc. GTx, Inc.
Fully Automatic Facial Action Recognition in Spontaneous Behavior. (2006)

We present results on a user independent fully automatic system for real time recognition of facial actions from the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). The system automatically detects frontal faces in the video stream and codes each frame with respect to 20 Action units. We present preliminary results on a task of facial action detection in spontaneous expressions during discourse. Support vector machines and AdaBoost classifiers are compared. For both classifiers, the output margin predicts action unit intensity. 1
ChemInform Abstract: The Esterification of Carboxylic Acid with Alcohol Over Hydrous Zirconium Oxide. (1989)

Abstract The esterification of acids, e.g. (I), with alcohols such as (II) proceeds efficiently in the vapor phase, the liquid phase and in an autoclave.
Effect of pump-read optical path difference on the measurement of Brillouin dynamic grating spectra localized by the correlation domain technique with a single laser setup (2014)

In correlation domain distributed measurement of Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) in polarization maintaining fiber, adjustment of the frequency modulation (FM) phase between the pump and read lightwaves is essential. We experimentally evaluated the phase difference impact on the measurement. A single laser setup can acquire the BDG spectra with higher stability, but the FM phase relation is fixed. Therefore the FM synchronization is not guaranteed for all points of the fiber under test due to the birefringence of the fiber. In this report, we varied the optical path difference between the pump and the read lightwaves, showing the spectrum degradation.
Some recent developments in treatment planning software and methodology for BNCT (1996)

Over the past several years/the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) has led the development of a unique, internationally-recognized set of software modules (BNCT rtpe) for computational dosimetry and treatment planning for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The computational capability represented by this software is essential to the proper administration of all forms of radiotherapy for cancer. Such software addresses the need to perform pretreatment computation and optimization of the radiation dose distribution in the target volume. This permits the achievement of the optimal therapeutic ratio (tumor dose relative to critical normal tissue dose) for each individual patient via a systematic procedure for specifying the appropriate irradiation parameters to be employed for a given treatment. These parameters include angle of therapy beam incidence, beam aperture and shape,and beam intensity as a function of position across the beam front. The INEL software is used for treatment planning in the current series of human glioma trials at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and has also been licensed for research and developmental purposes to several other BNCT research centers in the US and in Europe.
A Neural Network Autoassociator for Induction Motor Failure Prediction (1995)

We present results on the use of neural network based autoassociators which act as novelty or anomaly detectors to detect imminent motor failures. The autoassociator is trained to reconstruct spectra obtained from the healthy motor. In laboratory tests, we have demonstrated that the trained autoassociator has a small reconstruction error on measurements recorded from healthy motors but a larger error on those recorded from a motor with a fault. We have designed and built a motor monitoringsystem using an autoassociator for anomaly detection and are in the process of testing the system at three industrial and commercial sites. 1 Introduction An unexpected breakdown of an electric induction motor can cause financial loss significantly in excess of the cost of the motor. For example, the breakdown of a motor in a production line during a production run can cause the loss of work in progress as well as loss of production time. When a motor does fail, it is not uncommon to replace it with ...
Dynamic Ureas with Fast and pH‐Independent Hydrolytic Kinetics (2018)

Low cost, high performance hydrolysable polymers are of great importance in biomedical applications and materials industries. While many applications require materials to have a degradation profile insensitive to external pH to achieve consistent release profiles under varying conditions, hydrolysable chemistry techniques developed so far have pH-dependent hydrolytic kinetics. This work reports the design and synthesis of a new type of hydrolysable polymer that has identical hydrolysis kinetics from pH 3 to 11. The unprecedented pH independent hydrolytic kinetics of the aryl ureas were shown to be related to the dynamic bond dissociation controlled hydrolysis mechanism; the resulting hindered poly(aryl urea) can be degraded with a hydrolysis half-life of 10 min in solution. More importantly, these fast degradable hindered aromatic polyureas can be easily prepared by addition polymerization from commercially available monomers and are resistant to hydrolysis in solid form for months under ambient storage conditions. The combined features of good stability in solid state and fast hydrolysis at various pH values is unprecedented in polyurea material, and will have implications for materials design and applications, such as sacrificial coatings and biomaterials.
Direct Rendering of Solid CAD Models on the GPU (2011)

Interactively rendering solid CAD models currently relies on tessellation of the models and passing of the tessellation onto the graphics card (GPU). Direct rendering on the GPU, without a tessellation preprocess, has many advantages -- pixel-level quality, less memory requirements, and less preprocessing, to name a few. However, one of the main problems with existing solutions for rendering solid models directly is the appearance of crack/gap artifacts between faces due to the approximations of the trimming curves. This prevents the usage of direct GPU rendering in CAD systems. In this paper we present a novel solution to the gap problem. The new method combines a unique representation of the faces of the solid model, with fragment shader algorithms that utilize the representation for identifying the surface area to be rendered. This enables us to render the models with high quality in interactive speed without the crack/gap artifacts. We have implemented our method in a ray casting system for viewing CAD solid models and present our results.