gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of trinitrotoluene via deflagration on a microcantilever (2004)

We describe in detail the detection of deflagration of trinitrotoluene (TNT) deposited on a piezoresistive microcantilever and point out its possible use for explosive-vapor detection. The deflagration of TNT causes the cantilever to bend (due to released heat) and its resonance frequency to shift (due to mass unloading). Explosive vapors provide unique responses that are absent for “interferences” such as water or alcohol vapors. The proposed sensor makes possible a sensitive, miniature explosives detection device that may be deployed in large numbers. The minimum amount of TNT detected on the cantilever depends on the cantilever dimensions and was ≈50 pg for the batch of cantilevers used.
Learning structured prediction models for interactive image labeling (2011)

We propose structured models for image labeling that take into account the dependencies among the image labels explicitly. These models are more expressive than independent label predictors, and lead to more accurate predictions. While the improvement is modest for fully-automatic image labeling, the gain is significant in an interactive scenario where a user provides the value of some of the image labels. Such an interactive scenario offers an interesting trade-off between accuracy and manual labeling effort. The structured models are used to decide which labels should be set by the user, and transfer the user input to more accurate predictions on other image labels. We also apply our models to attribute-based image classification, where attribute predictions of a test image are mapped to class probabilities by means of a given attribute-class mapping. In this case the structured models are built at the attribute level. We also consider an interactive system where the system asks a user to set some of the attribute values in order to maximally improve class prediction performance. Experimental results on three publicly available benchmark data sets show that in all scenarios our structured models lead to more accurate predictions, and leverage user input much more effectively than state-of-the-art independent models.
Minor amounts of glycerol improve the properties of polyisobutylene‐based polyurethane and its nanocomposites (2019)

ABSTRACT The synthesis of primary hydroxyl‐telechelic polyisobutylene, HOCH 2 ‐PIB‐CH 2 OH, often yields product the number average terminal functionality () of which is less than theoretical 2.0, typically = 1.75–1.95. Polyurethane (PU) prepared with such low‐cost imperfect PIB‐diols, unsurprisingly, exhibit poor overall properties. Herein we report that mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of polyisobutylene‐based polyurethane (PIB‐PU) and PIB‐PU reinforced with organically modified montmorillonite (OmMMT) prepared with PIB‐diol of = 1.85 are significantly enhanced by glycerol. Specifically, we document that calculated minor amounts of glycerol substantially improves tensile strength, ultimate elongation, elastic modulus, toughness, rubbery plateau, flow temperature, creep, permanent set, rate of recovery after loading, and thermal properties of PIB‐PU and OmMMT‐reinforced PIB‐PU prepared with PIB‐diol of = 1.85. The observations are summarized and discussed in terms of chemistry, micromorphology, and viscoelasticity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57 , 929–935
Activated Carbon as Support for Lipase Immobilization (2003)

Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized onto four different types of activated carbon; KI/2030,KI/3040, KI/5060 and KI/6070. The immobilized lipase was used in the esterification of oleic acid and 1-butanol in hexane. The effects of difference pore sizes, surface area, reaction temperature, thermostability of the immobilized lipases, storage stability in organic solvent and leaching studies were investigated. Among the four samples, KI/6070 gave the highest activities and stability in all the parameters investigated. Immobilized lipases generally exhibit activities higher than the native lipase for the parameters studied, with optimum temperature of 40 °C. Immobilized lipases are more stable than native lipase in hexane at room temperature up to 12 days. Leaching study proved that the immobilization of lipase using physical adsorption is cheap and easy. This method was found to be suitable for the attachment of enzyme on the support.
Micromachined integrated optical polarization-state rotator (2000)

We propose and demonstrate a monolithically integrated polarization-state rotator with MEMS technology. The proposed polarization-state rotator is composed of micromachined polarization beam splitters, micromirrors, and phase-shifters integrated on a single silicon chip. The experimental results show that micromachined devices can be useful in manipulating polarization states in lightwave systems, and therefore may play important roles in many polarization-state related applications, such as compact and low-cost polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensators.
Exploring the Existing Drug Space for Novel pTyr Mimetic and SHP2 Inhibitors (2015)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are potential therapeutic targets for many diseases. Unfortunately, despite considerable drug discovery efforts devoted to PTPs, obtaining selective and cell permeable PTP inhibitors remains highly challenging. We describe a strategy to explore the existing drug space for previously unknown PTP inhibitory activities. This led to the discovery of cefsulodin as an inhibitor of SHP2, an oncogenic phosphatase in the PTP family. Crystal structure analysis of SHP2 interaction with cefsulodin identified sulfophenyl acetic amide (SPAA) as a novel phosphotyrosine (pTyr) mimetic. A structure-guided and SPAA fragment-based focused library approach produced several potent and selective SHP2 inhibitors. Notably, these inhibitors blocked SHP2-mediated signaling events and proliferation in several cancer cell lines. Thus, SPAA may serve as a new platform for developing chemical probes for other PTPs.
Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire Theory for Domain Wall Conduction and Observation of Microwave Conduction of Domain Walls (2020)

This chapter concerns DW electrical conduction. It first addresses the phenomenology of charged domain walls in the context of a Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) model for the ferroelectric semiconductor with analysis of the DW conductivity associated with accumulation of charge carriers near domain walls. It is revealed that there exists an interplay between the wall type — head-to-head or tail-to-tail — and conduction type of the semiconductor ferroelectric with a strong dependence of the domain wall conductivity on the wall orientation. The chapter then reviews observations of high-frequency — in the gigahertz frequency range — ac conductivity along the nominally uncharged 180-degree domain walls in a uniaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 epitaxial film. Measurements of the conduction at high frequencies are insensitive to presence of a Schottky barrier and the electrode-ferroelectric interface.
Colored Noise Reduction Method for the Improvement of Air Turbulence Detection on an Airborne Doppler LIDAR (2012)

We are pursuing the research and development of a practical airborne Doppler LIDAR that will detect air turbulence which is a major cause of significant injuries and aircraft damages. Although a longer detection range of air turbulence could be achieved by using higher powered laser to give advanced warning to crew and passengers, it implies larger and heavier devices which are not suitable for airborne applications. We introduce a colored noise reduction method which reduces the measurement errors and extends the measurement range for the air turbulence detection. We show that the detection range of air turbulence is improved by about 40% using the colored noise reduction method.
Characterization of a human βV‐tubulin antibody and expression of this isotype in normal and malignant human tissue (2012)

There are seven distinct β-tubulin isotypes and eight α-tubulin isotypes in mammals that are hypothesized to have tissue- and cell-specific functions. There is an interest in the use of tubulin isotypes as prognostic markers of malignancy. βV-tubulin, like βIII-tubulin, has been implicated in malignant transformation and drug resistance, however little is known about its localization and function. Thus, we generated for the first time, a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for human βV-tubulin. The antibody did not cross-react with mouse βV-tubulin or other human β-tubulin isotypes and specifically labeled βV-tubulin by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry of various human normal tissues revealed that βV-tubulin was expressed in endothelial cells, myocytes and cells with muscle differentiation, structures with transport and/or secretory function such as renal tubules, pancreatic ducts and bile ducts, and epithelium with secretory function such as prostate. βV-tubulin was also specifically expressed in pancreatic islets and intratubular germ cell neoplasia, where it may have diagnostic utility. Initial studies in breast, lung and ovarian cancers indicated aberrant expression of βV-tubulin, suggesting that this isoform may be associated with tumorigenesis. Thus, βV-tubulin expression is a potentially promising prognostic marker of malignancy.
Verification of Transactional Memory in POWER8 (2014)

Transactional memory is a promising mechanism for synchronizing concurrent programs that eliminates locks at the expense of hardware complexity. Transactional memory is a hard feature to verify. First, transactions comprise several instructions that must be observed as a single global atomic operation. In addition, there are many reasons a transaction can fail. This results in a high level of non-determinism which must be tamed by the verification methodology. This paper describes the innovation that was applied to tools and methodology in pre-silicon simulation, acceleration and post-silicon in order to verify transactional memory in the IBM POWER8 processor core.
Highly branched HK peptides are effective carriers of siRNA (2005)

Both the degree of complexity and the sequence specificity are important factors to be considered for developing the HK carrier of siRNA. In particular, we found that certain branched HK polymers (H3K8b, H3K8b(+RGD), and similar structural analogs) with eight terminal branches and a histidine-rich domain were effective carriers of siRNA.
A Novel DNA-Binding Motif in the Nuclear Matrix Attachment DNA-Binding Protein SATB1 (1994)

The nuclear matrix attachment DNA (MAR) binding protein SATB1 is a sequence context-specific binding protein that binds in the minor groove, making virtually no contact with the DNA bases. The SATB1 binding sites consist of a special AT-rich sequence context in which one strand is well-mixed A's, T's, and C's, excluding G's (ATC sequences), which is typically found in clusters within different MARs. To determine the extent of conservation of the SATB1 gene among different species, we cloned a mouse homolog of the human STAB1 cDNA from a cDNA expression library of the mouse thymus, the tissue in which this protein is predominantly expressed. This mouse cDNA encodes a 764-amino-acid protein with a 98% homology in amino acid sequence to the human SATB1 originally cloned from testis. To characterize the DNA binding domain of this novel class of protein, we used the mouse SATB1 cDNA and delineated a 150-amino-acid polypeptide as the binding domain. This region confers full DNA binding activity, recognizes the specific sequence context, and makes direct contact with DNA at the same nucleotides as the whole protein. This DNA binding domain contains a novel DNA binding motif: when no more than 21 amino acids at either the N- or C-terminal end of the binding domain are deleted, the majority of the DNA binding activity is lost. The concomitant presence of both terminal sequences is mandatory for binding. These two terminal regions consist of hydrophilic amino acids and share homologous sequences that are different from those of any known DNA binding motifs. We propose that the DNA binding region of SATB1 extends its two terminal regions toward DNA to make direct contact with DNA.
A Common <i>MUC5B</i> Promoter Polymorphism and Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

A common polymorphism in the promoter of MUC5B is associated with familial interstitial pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings suggest that dysregulated MUC5B expression in the lung may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others.).
Uncertainty Driven Multi-scale Energy Minimization (2010)

This paper proposes a new multi-scale energy minimization algorithm which can be used to efficiently solve large scale labelling problems in computer vision. The basic modus operandi of any multi-scale method involves the construction of a smaller problem which can be solved efficiently. The solution of this problem is used to obtain a partial labelling of the original energy function, which in turn allows us to minimize it by solving its (much smaller) projection. We propose the use of new techniques for both the construction of the smaller problem, and the extraction of a partial solution. We demonstrate our method on the problem of interactive image segmentation. Traditional multi-scale approaches for segmentation extract a partial solution using an image band around the boundaries of the object segmentation obtained by minimizing the smaller problem. This strategy fails on objects with fine structures and complex topologies. In contrast, our novel approach uses a min-marginal based uncertainty measure which allows us to handle such objects. Experiments show that our techniques result in solutions with low pixel labelling error. Furthermore, they take the same or less amount of computation compared to traditional multi-scale techniques. 1.
Contact Secondary Nucleation as a Means of Creating Seeds for Continuous Tubular Crystallizers (2013)

The control of crystal size of any crystallization process is especially important in the pharmaceutical industry where small sizes are often desired. Seeding is often used as a method of controlling crystal size and suppressing primary nucleation in batch processes. The continuous mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizers are self-seeded; however, crystal attrition and contact secondary nucleation due to crystal interaction with the impeller influence the crystal size. In this study, a nuclei generation device (nucleator) employing contact secondary nucleation is described. The nucleator consists of a “crossed” flow tube with four openings. Two of the openings are the inlet of supersaturated solution and the outlet of crystal slurry, respectively. The other two openings are for contact nucleation, where the parent crystal comes into contact with a platform under an applied stress. The rate of nucleation and the size of the crystals generated can be controlled by supersaturation (S = c/cs) and residence time (RT) (e.g., with S = 1.2, glycine crystals of a 14 μm mean size was generated with a 10 s RT). Once nuclei were generated, the slurry was directed to a tubular crystallizer for further growth of crystals. The integrated nucleator–crystallizer experiments showed that nucleation and growth were decoupled, thus allowing better control of the final crystal characteristics.
Preliminary Modeling Results of a Thermal Neutron Source Driven with an Electron Linac (2002)

An electron linac, fitted with a standard x‐ray converter, can produce high neutron yields in materials with low photonuclear threshold energies, such as D and 9Be. This paper discusses the preliminary MCNP modeling of a thermal neutron source driven with a 10 MeV electron linac operated in the CW mode. Results indicate that a 10 MeV, 10 kW electron linac can produce on the order of 1012 n/sec in a heavy water photoneutron target. The thermal neutron flux in an unreflected heavy water target is nearly 1010 n/cm2/sec. Current modeling results are discussed.
A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Granulocyte‐Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor and Nucleoside Analogue Therapy in AIDS (2000)

Preliminary preclinical and clinical data suggest that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may decrease viral replication. Therefore, 105 individuals with AIDS who were receiving nucleoside analogue therapy were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study and were randomized to receive either 125 microgram/m(2) of yeast-derived, GM-CSF (sargramostim) or placebo subcutaneously twice weekly for 6 months. Subjects were evaluated for toxicity and disease progression. A significant decrease in mean virus load (VL) was observed for the GM-CSF treatment group at 6 months (-0.07 log(10) vs. -0.60 log(10); P=.02). More subjects achieved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-RNA levels <500 copies/mL at >/=2 evaluations (2% on placebo vs. 11% on GM-CSF; P=.04). Genotypic analysis of 46 subjects demonstrated a lower frequency of zidovudine-resistant mutations among those receiving GM-CSF (80% vs. 50%; P=.04). No difference was observed in the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) through 6 months or survival, despite a higher risk for OI among GM-CSF recipients. GM-CSF reduced VL and limited the evolution of zidovudine-resistant genotypes, potentially providing adjunctive therapy in HIV disease.
6-Methylangelicins: new monofunctional photochemotherapeutic agents for psoriasis (1990)

The monofunctional furocoumarins, the 6-methylangelicins, were tested for their antiproliferative activity with various animal models and for genotoxicity in micro-organisms and in mammalian cells. The most active compound was 6,4,4'-trimethylangelicin, which showed a high antiproliferative effect and reduced genotoxicity in comparison with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP). Some of these compounds were also tested clinically by topical application on 17 patients with psoriasis. They appeared to be more active than 8-MOP in clearing psoriasis without inducing skin phototoxicity. The methylangelicins also caused skin pigmentation.
Increased versatility for carrier profiling of semiconductors by scanning frequency comb microscopy (SFCM) (2017)

We are developing a new method for the carrier profiling of semiconductors that shows promise for nm-resolution which is required at the new sub-10 nm lithography nodes. A modelocked ultrafast laser focused on the tunneling junction of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) generates a regular sequence of pulses of minority carriers in the semiconductor. Each pulse of carriers has a width equal to the laser pulse width (e.g. 15 fs). In the frequency domain, this is a microwave frequency comb (MFC) with hundreds of measurable harmonics at integer multiples of the laser pulse repetition frequency (e.g. 74 MHz). After the minority carriers diverge rapidly into the semiconductor as a Coulomb explosion, the pulses become broader and decay, so that the MFC has less power with a spectrum limited to the first few harmonics. The frequency-dependent attenuation of the MFC is determined by the resistivity of the semiconductor at the tunneling junction so SFCM is closely related to Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM). Harmonics of the MFC are measured with high speed, and high accuracy because the signal-to-noise ratio is approximately 25 dB due to their extremely narrow (sub-Hz) linewidth. Now we superimpose a low-frequency signal (e.g. 10 Hz) on either the applied bias or the voltage that is applied to the piezoelectric actuators of the STM to cause sidebands at each harmonic of the MFC which are less affected by the artifacts.
miR-181a Targets RGS16 to Promote Chondrosarcoma Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis (2015)

Targeting miR-181a can inhibit tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis, thus suggesting the possibility of antagomir-based therapy in chondrosarcoma.
An Adaptive Video Streaming Control System: Modeling, Validation, and Performance Evaluation (2013)

Adaptive video streaming is a relevant advancement with respect to classic progressive download streaming a la YouTube. Among the different approaches, the video stream-switching technique is getting wide acceptance, being adopted by Microsoft, Apple, and popular video streaming services such as Akamai, Netflix, Hulu, Vudu, and Livestream. In this paper, we present a model of the automatic video stream-switching employed by one of these leading video streaming services along with a description of the client-side communication and control protocol. From the control architecture point of view, the automatic adaptation is achieved by means of two interacting control loops having the controllers at the client and the actuators at the server: One loop is the buffer controller, which aims at steering the client playout buffer to a target length by regulating the server sending rate; the other one implements the stream-switching controller and aims at selecting the video level. A detailed validation of the proposed model has been carried out through experimental measurements in an emulated scenario.
Predicting Crystallization of Amorphous Drugs with Terahertz Spectroscopy (2015)

There is a controversy about the extent to which the primary and secondary dielectric relaxations influence the crystallization of amorphous organic compounds below the glass transition temperature. Recent studies also point to the importance of fast molecular dynamics on picosecond-to-nanosecond time scales with respect to the glass stability. In the present study we provide terahertz spectroscopy evidence on the crystallization of amorphous naproxen well below its glass transition temperature and confirm the direct role of Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation as a facilitator of the crystallization. We determine the onset temperature Tβ above which the JG relaxation contributes to the fast molecular dynamics and analytically quantify the level of this contribution. We then show there is a strong correlation between the increase in the fast molecular dynamics and onset of crystallization in several chosen amorphous drugs. We believe that this technique has immediate applications to quantify the stability of amorphous drug materials.
Local Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop for Finned-Tube Heat Exchangers Using Oval Tubes and Vortex Generators (2004)

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of forced convection heat transfer in a narrow rectangular duct fitted with an elliptical tube and one or two delta-winglet pairs. The duct was designed to simulate a single passage in a fin-tube heat exchanger. Heat transfer measurements were obtained using a transient technique in which a heated airflow is suddenly introduced to the test section. High-resolution local fin-surface temperature distributions were obtained at several times after initiation of the transient using an imaging infrared camera. Corresponding local fin-surface heat transfer coefficients were then calculated from a locally applied one-dimensional semi-infinite inverse heat conduction model. Heat transfer results were obtained over a Reynolds number range based on duct height of 670–6300. Pressure-drop measurements have also been obtained for similar elliptical-tube and winglet geometries, using a separate single-channel, multiple-tube-row pressure-drop apparatus. The pressure-drop apparatus includes four tube rows in a staggered array. Comparisons of heat transfer and pressure-drop results for the elliptical tube versus a circular tube with and without winglets are provided. Mean heat transfer results indicated that the addition of the single winglet pair to the oval-tube geometry yielded significant heat transfer enhancement, averaging 38% higher than the oval-tube, no-winglet case. The corresponding increase in friction factor associated with the addition of the single winglet pair to the oval-tube geometry was very modest, less than 10% at ReDh=500 and less than 5% at ReDh=5000.