gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Reversible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surfaces via Host–Guest Chemistry and Their Repeated Utilization in Cardiac Biomarker Analysis (2011)

On the basis of the host-guest interactions between azobenzenes and cyclodextrins, a new strategy for the preparation of a dually functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surface was investigated using surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and click chemistry. The PDMS substrates were first oxidized in a H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) solution to transform the surface Si-CH(3) groups into Si-OH groups. Then, the SI-ATRP initiator 3-(2-bromoisobutyramido)propyl(trime-thoxy)silane was grafted onto the substrates through a silanization reaction. Sequentially, the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units were introduced onto the PDMS-Br surfaces via SI-ATRP reaction using oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate. Afterward, the bromide groups on the surface were converted to azido groups via nucleophilic substitution reaction with NaN(3). Finally, the azido-grafted PDMS surfaces were subjected to a click reaction with alkynyl and PEG-modified β-cyclodextrins, resulting in the grafting of cyclodextrins onto the PDMS surfaces. The composition and chemical state of the modified surfaces were characterized via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the stability and dynamic characteristics of the cyclodextrin-modified PDMS substrates were investigated via attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and temporal contact angle experiments. The surface morphology of the modified PDMS surfaces was characterized through imaging using a multimode atomic force microscope. A protein adsorption assay using Alexa Fluor594-labeled bovine serum albumin, Alexa Fluor594-labeled chicken egg albumin, and FITC-labeled lysozyme shows that the prepared PDMS surfaces possess good protein-repelling properties. On-surface studies on the interactions between azobenzenes and the cyclodextrin-modified surfaces reveal that the reversible binding of azobenzene to the cyclodextrin-modified PDMS surfaces and its subsequent release can be reversibly controlled using UV irradiation. Sandwich fluoroimmunoassay of the cardiac markers myoglobin and fatty acid-binding protein demonstrates that the cyclodextrin-modified PDMS surfaces can be repeatedly utilized in disease biomarker analysis.
<i>In Vivo</i>Effects of Bisphosphonates on the Osteoclast Mevalonate Pathway (2000)

Estrogen deficiency is a leading cause of osteoporosis associated with increased osteoclastic bone resorption. In vitro studies indicate that the clinically used nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) such as alendronate (ALN), risedronate (RIS) and ibandronate (IBA) suppress bone resorption via inhibition of the mevalonate pathway enzyme farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase in osteoclasts (Ocs). The object of this study was to test the hypothesis that N-BPs inhibit the mevalonate pathway of Ocs in vivo. The mevalonate pathway enzyme hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), is modulated by feedback inhibition from downstream metabolites. We therefore evaluated the in vivo expression of HMGR in Ocs from animals treated with BP. The N-BPs, ALN, IBA and RIS, selectively suppressed HMGR expression in up to 85% of rat tibia osteoclasts, after 48 hr treatment. Etidronate and clodronate, bisphosphonates that do not inhibit FPP synthase, were without effect. Simvastatin treatment opposed ALN reduction of HMGR expression, suggesting regulation by a metabolite(s) between mevalonate and FPP. These data provide the first in vivo evidence for N-BP effects on the mevalonate pathway in osteoclasts, and strongly support the hypothesis that N-BPs act via this mechanism.
Treatment Strategy for Dyslipidemia in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Focus on Old and New Drugs (2018)

Prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia should be considered as an integral part of individual cardiovascular prevention interventions, which should be addressed primarily to those at higher risk who benefit most. To date, statins remain the first-choice therapy, as they have been shown to reduce the risk of major vascular events by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, due to adherence to statin therapy or statin resistance, many patients do not reach LDL-C target levels. Ezetimibe, fibrates, and nicotinic acid represent the second-choice drugs to be used in combination with statins if lipid targets cannot be reached. In addition, anti-PCSK9 drugs (evolocumab and alirocumab) provide an effective solution for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and statin intolerance at very high cardiovascular risk. Recently, studies demonstrated the effects of two novel lipid-lowering agents (lomitapide and mipomersen) for the management of homozygous FH by decreasing LDL-C values and reducing cardiovascular events. However, the costs for these new therapies made the cost-effectiveness debate more complicated.
Exploring the Relative Performance of Frequency-Tracking and Fixed-Filter Phasor Measurement Unit Algorithms Under C37.118 Test Procedures, the Effects of Interharmonics, and Initial Attempts at Merging P-Class Response With M-Class Filtering (2013)

This paper presents improvements to frequency-tracking P-class and M-class phasor measurement unit (PMU) algorithms. The performance of these algorithms is tested in simulation against the reference (basic) algorithms from the C37.118 standard, using the formal test procedures specified in that standard. The measurements of total vector error (TVE), frequency and rate-of-change-of-frequency (ROCOF) are all investigated for compliance. Generally, TVE is found to be compliant for all algorithms. By contrast there are significant excursions for frequency and ROCOF measurements. More extreme nonstandard tests are also applied, involving multiple simultaneous interferences. The proposed algorithms exhibit improvements in frequency and ROCOF accuracy, with errors reduced by factors of up to 150 compared to the basic algorithms. A Hybrid P/M-class PMU is proposed and demonstrated, offering P-class response to dynamic steps but M-class steady-state accuracy. However, setting usable trigger thresholds for this device requires a thorough investigation of interharmonic effects on P-class PMUs. This investigation poses more questions than it answers, leading to a questioning of the validity of any frequency or ROCOF measurement from any P-class PMU.
Increase in Curd Tension of Milk Coagulum Prepared with Immobilized Proteases (1981)

ABSTRACT Curd tension of milk clotted by nine proteases in immobilized or soluble forms was measured by a curd tension meter. In the curd prepared by trypsin, α‐chymotrypsin, papain, thermolysin or alkaline‐protease in a soluble form, the increasing rate of curd tension was definitely smaller than that of curd formed by rennet. However, curd tension increased linearly when the extent of proteolysis was controlled by employing these proteases in an immobilized form. The amounts of TCA‐soluble nitrogenous compounds and sialic acid released at the beginning of clotting were kept constant throughout the incubation time.
Inferring User Intention using Gaze in Vehicles (2018)

Motivated by the desire to give vehicles better information about their drivers, we explore human intent inference in the setting of a human driver riding in a moving vehicle. Specifically, we consider scenarios in which the driver intends to go to or learn about a specific point of interest along the vehicle's route, and an autonomous system is tasked with inferring this point of interest using gaze cues. Because the scene under observation is highly dynamic --- both the background and objects in the scene move independently relative to the driver --- such scenarios are significantly different from the static scenes considered by most literature in the eye tracking community. In this paper, we provide a formulation for this new problem of determining a point of interest in a dynamic scenario. We design an experimental framework to systematically evaluate initial solutions to this novel problem, and we propose our own solution called dynamic interest point detection (DIPD). We experimentally demonstrate the success of DIPD when compared to baseline nearest-neighbor or filtering approaches.
Mechanical, compositional, and structural properties of the mouse patellar tendon with changes in biglycan gene expression (2013)

Tendons have complex mechanical properties that depend on their structure and composition. Some studies have assessed the role of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) in the mechanical response of tendon, but the relationships between sophisticated mechanics, assembly of collagen and SLRPs have not been well characterized. In this study, biglycan gene expression was varied in a dose dependent manner using biglycan null, biglycan heterozygote and wild type mice. Measures of mechanical (tension and compression), compositional and structural changes of the mouse patellar tendon were evaluated. Viscoelastic, tensile dynamic modulus was found to be increased in the biglycan heterozygous and biglycan null tendons compared to wild type. Gene expression analyses revealed biglycan gene expression was closely associated in a dose-dependent allelic manner. No differences were seen between genotypes in elastic or compressive properties or quantitative measures of collagen structure. These results suggest that biglycan, a member of the SLRP family, plays a role in tendon viscoelasticity that cannot be completely explained by its role in collagen fibrillogenesis.
Broad, flat fluorescence emissions from nanostructured rare-earth doped silicates (2004)

We have synthesized nanostructured rare-earth doped silicates by two different methods: combustion flame - chemical vapor condensation (CF-CVC) and sol-gel processing. Substantial rare-earth concentrations (~ 8 wt. %) were achieved with no signs of concentration quenching. We have observed unprecedented spectrally broad/flat fluorescence emissions at 1.55 μm from the Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped materials, which we attribute to their unique nanostructures developed during heat treatments. In depth results of a combined XRD/TEM study monitoring the evolution of the nanostructure will be presented. The role of processing conditions, chemistry, and particle size will also be discussed.
Performance of a Stand-Alone Renewable Energy System Based on Energy Storage as Hydrogen (2004)

Electrolytic hydrogen offers a promising alternative for long-term energy storage of renewable energy (RE). A stand-alone RE system based on energy storage as hydrogen has been developed and installed at the Hydrogen Research Institute, and successfully tested for autonomous operation with developed control system and power conditioning devices. The excess energy produced, with respect to the load requirement, has been sent to the electrolyzer for hydrogen production. When energy produced from the RE sources became insufficient, with respect to the load requirement, the stored hydrogen was fed to a fuel cell to produce electricity. The RE system components have substantially different voltage-current characteristics and they are integrated through power conditioning devices on a dc bus for autonomous operation by using a developed control system. The developed control system has been successfully tested for autonomous operation and energy management of the system. The experimental results clearly indicate that a stand-alone RE system based on hydrogen production is safe and reliable.
<title>Malleable architecture generator for FPGA computing</title> (1996)

The malleable architecture generator (MARGE) is a tool set that translates high-level parallel C to configuration bit streams for field-programmable logic based computing systems. MARGE creates an application-specific instruction set and generates the custom hardware components required to perform exactly those computations specified by the C program. In contrast to traditional fixed-instruction processors, MARGE's dynamic instruction set creation provides for efficient use of hardware resources. MARGE processes intermediate code in which each operation is annotated by the bit lengths of the operands. Each basic block (sequence of straight line code) is mapped into a single custom instruction which contains all the operations and logic inherent in the block. A synthesis phase maps the operations comprising the instructions into register transfer level structural components and control logic which have been optimized to exploit functional parallelism and function unit reuse. As a final stage, commercial technology-specific tools are used to generate configuration bit streams for the desired target hardware. Technology- specific pre-placed, pre-routed macro blocks are utilized to implement as much of the hardware as possible. MARGE currently supports the Xilinx-based Splash-2 reconfigurable accelerator and National Semiconductor's CLAy-based parallel accelerator, MAPA. The MARGE approach has been demonstrated on systolic applications such as DNA sequence comparison.
In vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into inner ear hair cell-like cells using stromal cell conditioned medium (2012)

Hearing loss is mainly caused by loss of sensory hair cells (HCs) in the organ of Corti or cochlea. Although embryonic stem (ES) cells are a promising source for cell therapy, little is known about the efficient generation of HC-like cells from ES cells. In the present study, we developed a single-medium culture method for growing embryoid bodies (EBs), in which conditioned medium (CM) from cultures of ST2 stromal cells (ST2-CM) was used for 14-day cultures of 4-day EBs. At the end of the 14-day cultures, up to 20% of the cells in EB outgrowths expressed HC-related markers, including Math1 (also known as Atoh1), myosin6, myosin7a, calretinin, α9AchR and Brn3c (also known as Pou4f3), and also showed formation of stereocilia-like structures. Further, we found that these cells were incorporated into the developing inner ear after transplantation into chick embryos. The present inner ear HC induction method using ST2-CM (HIST2 method) is quite simple and highly efficient to obtain ES-derived HC-like cells with a relatively short cultivation time.
Application of Blade-Tip Sensors to Blade-Vibration Monitoring in Gas Turbines (2012)

IntroductionNon-contact blade vibration measurement in turbomachinery is performed during development phase to verify design quality of bladed disk and its structural integrity (Zielinski & Ziller, 2005).The method, referred as blade tip-timing (BTT) or Non-contact Stress Measurement System (NSMS) is applied by mostly all manufacturers as a complement of strain gauges, traditionally used to measure stress levels and blade vibration parameters (Roberts, 2007).Measurement results are usually presented in the function of rotational speed in Campbell diagram, showing vibration modes excited by particular engine orders.Operational stress levels and accumulated fatigue cycles should not exceed material endurance limits.High Cycle Fatigue, occurring at low stress and high vibration frequency is a common reason for blade damage in turbomachinery.HCF has been identified as factor limiting development of more efficient blade designs, affecting safe operation of turbomachinery and causing considerable losses (Nicholas, 2006).US Air Forces initiated HCF Science and technology program in late 1990's, which launched and supported multidisciplinary efforts for HCF mitigation, continued recently as Engine Prognosis Program.Development of tiptiming instrumentation both for supporting design of fatigue-resistant components and also for online blade crack detection has been one of research priorities and provided new sensors and advanced data analysis methods.NSMS technologies are also developed and successfully applied in power industry (Ross, 2007).Nowadays Blade Tip-Timing using optical sensors is considered as mature technology able to replace strain gauges in development process of fans or compressors (Rushard, 2010;Courtney, 2011).Current research activities concentrate on turbines, which are more demanding environment for tip-timing instrumentation due to high temperature, contamination and lower amplitude of vibration.Development of alternative tip sensors is considered as another priority.Optical sensors despite providing the highest available resolution, require cleaning and ensure quite limited life, which makes them unusable in embedded systems for blade health monitoring.This chapter describes development and application of inductive, eddy-current and microwave tip-timing sensors for gas-turbine blades, carried out in ITWL in last five years.Other sensors' applications, like measurement of tip-clearance, blade twist and disk www.intechopen.com
Electrospark Deposition by Using Powder Materials (2010)

Electrical discharges can be used to improve the operational properties of the surface layer of parts by using the phenomena of tempering, alloying, and deposition. Various techniques of alloying or deposition have been studied so far and sometimes even applied in the industry. The systemic approach of the deposition process shows which input and output factors can be taken into consideration. This article presents the experimental results obtained by using the deposition process based on the introduction of additional material such as powders put directly in the plasma channel corresponding to the electrical discharge. The established empirical mathematical models emphasize the influence exerted by the work gap value between the electrode and the workpiece, the powder flow, the delivered energy, and the specific energy on the quantity of added material.
Electrical detection of defects in SIMOX buried oxides: pipes and precipitates (2002)

Summary form only given. Two defect types have been identified in the buried oxide of low dose SIMOX: conductive silicon paths through the buried oxide (pipes) and silicon precipitates in the buried oxide. Both types are caused by the same general mechanism: the tendency of the Si-SiO/sub 2/ system at high temperature to separate into regions of Si and SiO/sub 2/, rather than forming SiO/sub x/. Below an oxygen dose of /spl sim/4/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -2/, the buried oxide is not continuous, and as the dose is lowered, the implanted region becomes a layer of SiO/sub 2/ precipitates. Above the dose of /spl sim/4/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -2/, the buried oxide is continuous, but Si precipitates /spl sim/50 nm thick are present in the oxide. This paper demonstrates techniques for the electrical detection of precipitates and pipes in low dose SIMOX buried oxides.
EFFICACY OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS PROPHYLAXIS IN TRAUMA PATIENTS AND IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH-RISK GROUPS (1993)

The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and the efficacy of prophylactic measures were prospectively evaluated in all patients admitted to a level I trauma center during 1991. Patients with Injury Severity Scores (ISS) > 9 who survived a minimum of 48 hours (n = 395) were monitored using venous Doppler and ultrasound studies during hospitalization (total, 1308 studies). Two hundred eighty-one patients (71%) were randomly assigned to low-dose heparin or sequential compression devices. There were 18 cases of lower extremity DVT (4.6%) and four cases (1.0%) of pulmonary emboli (PE), three of which were fatal. Eight patients (2.9%) on prophylaxis and 10 (8.8%) without prophylaxis developed DVT (p < 0.02 by Chi-square). There were two PEs in each group. Fourteen of these 18 patients sustained blunt trauma and included seven spinal fractures or subluxations (four paraplegic) and four severe head injuries. This represented 14.0% of 50 patients admitted with spinal injuries and 4.3% of 92 patients with severe head injuries. Compared with those with no neurologic injury (7 of 253 or 2.7%), the risk of DVT is significantly higher in the spinal injury patients (p < 0.001, Chi-square) and twice as high as in the head injury group, although not statistically significant (p = 0.4, Chi-square). Three of the four patients with penetrating trauma and DVT had venous injuries. We conclude that DVT prophylaxis can significantly reduce the incidence of DVT in trauma patients with ISS > 9. Patients with severe neurologic injuries (particularly spinal cord) are at high risk for DVT and PE and may be considered for a prophylactic Greenfield filter.
Xth International Symposium on Amyloid and Amyloidosis April 18-22, 2004 (Selected Highlights) Tours, Loire Valley, France (2004)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeamyloidamyloidosisbeta pleated sheettreatment of amyloid diseases
THE EFFECTS OF SIO2 AND AL2O3 BINDERS ON THE ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY OF BIFUNCTIONAL FE/HZSM-5 CATALYST IN FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS (RESEARCH NOTE) (2008)

The influence of SiO2 and Al2O3 binders on the catalyst performance and products selectivity of the precipitated Fe-Cu-K catalyst physically mixtured with HZSM-5 was studied in a fixed bed tubular reactor. The iron catalyst was mixed with HZSM-5 zeolite and shaped to cylinders form by alumina and or silica as a binder for increasing the mechanical strength of bifunctional catalyst. The catalyst activity was tested under reaction condition, P=17 bar, T=290 o C , H2/CO=1 and GHSV= 3.07 NL.h -1 .g.Fe -1 . The results showed that the catalyst activity for Fischer - Tropsch and water gas shift reactions for silica binders is lower than alumina and secondary reactions in the presence of alumina is higher .
Deep RNNs for video denoising (2016)

Video denoising can be described as the problem of mapping from a specific length of noisy frames to clean one. We propose a deep architecture based on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for video denoising. The model learns a patch-based end-to-end mapping between the clean and noisy video sequences. It takes the corrupted video sequences as the input and outputs the clean one. Our deep network, which we refer to as deep Recurrent Neural Networks (deep RNNs or DRNNs), stacks RNN layers where each layer receives the hidden state of the previous layer as input. Experiment shows (i) the recurrent architecture through temporal domain extracts motion information and does favor to video denoising, and (ii) deep architecture have large enough capacity for expressing mapping relation between corrupted videos as input and clean videos as output, furthermore, (iii) the model has generality to learned different mappings from videos corrupted by different types of noise (e.g., Poisson-Gaussian noise). By training on large video databases, we are able to compete with some existing video denoising methods.
New algorithm to simulate organ movement and deformation for four‐dimensional dose calculation based on a three‐dimensional CT and fluoroscopy of the thorax (2009)

4D modeling of the thorax utilizing the 3D+ algorithm shows acceptable accuracy and is more suited for routine clinical use in terms of processing time than conventional 4D-CT and deformable image registration. The 3D+ algorithm may be useful for simulating dose distribution for advanced beam delivery techniques, such as real-time tumor tracking irradiation and adaptive radiation therapy.
Power Delivery Design for 800MHz DDR2 Memory Systems in Low-Cost Wire-Bond Packages (2006)

This paper describes the challenges in designing supply networks of high-speed interface systems in low-cost wire-bond packages. It introduces a set of figure-of-merits for the supply noise performance of interface systems. It then demonstrates how these parameters can be used to guide the design and verification of interface power distribution networks.