gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifrequency, repulsive-mode amplitude-modulated atomic force microscopy (2006)

An imaging method where a cantilever is driven at or near two of its flexural resonant eigenmodes is described. For most cantilevers, these eigenmodes are nonharmonic. The cantilever and imaging parameters are chosen such that the tip-sample interactions are repulsive. The driven second eigenmode amplitude and phase show strikingly different contrasts from those same fundamental eigenmode signals on graphite samples imaged in air and λ-digest deoxyribonucleic acid samples imaged in water.
Non-complex signal processing in a low-IF receiver for GSM (2002)

The low-IF receiver architecture has already proved its effectiveness in mobile radio applications such as GSM. By using an IF of half the channel spacing to facilitate the removal of DC offsets, it achieves the sensitivity of a conventional superhet whilst offering the full integration potential of a direct-conversion receiver. Previous attempts to improve its multi-mode capability have focussed on digitising as much as possible of the IF signal chain with the help of a complex ADC. The channel filtering then moves into the digital domain where reprogramming is comparatively easy for operation in other modes. However, the combination of an increased dynamic range requirement and the need for a complex ADC can make the circuit design problem unduly difficult. In the receiver architecture to be described, the need for a complex ADC is avoided by processing only the real part of the low-IF signal. This substantially simplifies the ADC design whilst retaining all the advantages of a digitised, low-IF receiver. Simplification of the ADC design is the main objective but there is also scope for a 17% reduction in power consumption.
Estimating contact forces from postural measures in a class of under-actuated robotic hands (2017)

Sensing contact forces can be a key enabler for higher order dexterous manipulation in robotic hands. To sense the full range of contact pressure distribution would provide the best solution, but it is in practice unfeasible when considering very deformable and adaptable hands. This paper proposes an approach to estimate the contact forces acting on an under-actuated adaptable hand by combining the compliance model of the hand with the geometric configuration of the hand itself. This is done by introducing reasonable assumptions about the net contact force on each phalanx. The proposed method is introduced and experimentally validated on two fingers of the Pisa/IIT SoftHand.
Rapid Design of Deployable Antennas for CubeSats: A tool to help designers compare and select antenna topologies (2017)

A novel methodology for the rapid preliminary design of deployable antennas for CubeSats is proposed in this article. It uses a graphical representation of antenna performance, consisting of a set of plots of different performance metrics against antenna geometry parameters. Coupled electromagnetic and structural design problems are addressed easily, enabling the rapid and direct comparison of different antenna concepts. This approach is demonstrated for a case study at ultrahigh frequency (UHF), comparing the performance of a dipole, a helix, a conical horn, and a conical log spiral (CLS), all based on dual-matrix composite deployable structures. The initial design space of antenna geometries is reduced by two orders of magnitude to a set of constraintsatisfying designs. A graphical user interface implementing the approach is presented, and the accuracy of the method is briefly addressed.
Fast 3D‐HEVC inter coding using data mining and machine learning (2022)

Abstract The Three‐Dimensional High Efficiency Video Coding standard is a video compression standard developed based on the two‐dimensional video coding standard HEVC and used to encode multi‐view plus depth format video. This paper proposes an algorithm based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting to solve the problem of high inter‐frame coding complexity in 3D‐HEVC. Firstly, explore the correlation between the division depth of the inter‐frame coding unit and the texture features in the map, as well as the correlation between the coding unit division structure between each map and each viewpoint. After that, based on the machine learning method, a fast selection mechanism for dividing the depth range of the inter‐frame coding tree unit based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm is constructed. Experimental results show that, compared with the reference software HTM‐16.0, this method can save an average of 35.06% of the coding time, with negligible degradation in terms of coding performance. In addition, the proposed algorithm has achieved different degrees of improvement in coding performance compared with the related works.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Catalytic Hydroamination of Alkynes and Allenes with Ammonia. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robotically assisted ankle rehabilitation for pediatrics (2016)

This paper describes ongoing work in robotically assisted ankle rehabilitation for pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. Some background on cerebral palsy and rehabilitation robotics is presented. Initial work with a six-degree of freedom active compliant motion platform is described along with some patient feasibility results. The paper concludes with plans for a future clinical trial and the development of a three-degree of freedom motion platform.
Lentiviral Vectors: A Powerful Tool to Target Astrocytes In Vivo (2013)

The morphological and functional diversity of astrocytes, and their essential contribution in physiological and pathological conditions, are starting to emerge. However, experimental systems to investigate neuron-glia interactions and develop innovative approaches for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders are still very limited. Fluorescent reporter genes have been used to visualize populations of astrocytes and produce an atlas of gene expression in the brain. Knock-down or knock-out of astrocytic proteins using transgenesis have also been developed, but these techniques remain complex and time-consuming. Viral vectors have been developed to overexpress or silence genes of interest as they can be used for both in vitro and in vivo studies in adult mammalian species. In most cases, high transduction efficiency and long-term transgene expression are observed in neurons but there is limited expression in astrocytes. Several strategies have been developed to shift the tropism of lentiviral vectors (LV) and allow local and controlled gene expression in glial cells. In this review, we describe how modifications of the interaction between the LV envelope glycoprotein and the surface receptor molecules on target cells, or the integration of cell-specific promoters and miRNA post-transcriptional regulatory elements have been used to selectively express transgenes in astrocytes.
Direct-to-Reverberant Ratio estimation using a null-steered beamformer (2015)

Reverberation affects the quality and intelligibility of distant speech recorded in a room. Direct-to-Reverberant Ratio (DRR) is a useful measure for assessing the acoustic configuration and can be used to inform dereverberation algorithms. We describe a novel DRR estimation algorithm applicable where the signal was recorded with two or more microphones, such as mobile communications devices and laptops. The method uses a null-steered beamformer. In simulations the proposed method yields accurate DRR estimates to within ±4 dB across a wide variety of room sizes, reverberation times and source-receiver distances. It is also shown that the proposed method is more robust to background noise than a baseline approach. The best estimation accuracy is obtained in the region from -5 to 5 dB which is a relevant range for portable devices.
Binding of Src to Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase Forms a Functional Signaling Complex (2005)

We have shown that ouabain activates Src, resulting in subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple effectors. Here, we tested if the Na+/K+-ATPase and Src can form a functional signaling complex. In LLC-PK1 cells the Na+/K+-ATPase and Src colocalized in the plasma membrane. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis indicated that both proteins were in close proximity, suggesting a direct interaction. GST pulldown assay showed a direct, ouabain-regulated, and multifocal interaction between the 1 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase and Src. Although the interaction between the Src kinase domain and the third cytosolic domain (CD3) of 1 is regulated by ouabain, the Src SH3SH2 domain binds to the second cytosolic domain constitutively. Functionally, binding of Src to either the Na+/K+-ATPase or GST-CD3 inhibited Src activity. Addition of ouabain, but not vanadate, to the purified Na+/K+-ATPase/Src complex freed the kinase domain and restored the Src activity. Consistently, exposure of intact cells to ouabain apparently increased the distance between the Na+/K+-ATPase and Src. Concomitantly, it also stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the proteins that are associated with the Na+/K+-ATPase. These new findings illustrate a novel molecular mechanism of signal transduction involving the interaction of a P-type ATPase and a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase.
New Preparation Methods for Composite Membranes for Medium Temperature Fuel Cells Based on Precursor Solutions of Insoluble Inorganic Compounds (2005)

Abstract Current PEMFCs, using perfluorinated membranes, can only operate at temperatures no higher than 70–80 °C, since their performance is dramatically reduced at higher temperatures. Encouraging results, for avoiding the reduction in performance, can be obtained by filling Nafion® membranes with inorganic nano‐particles (composite membranes) and/or by adding inorganic nano‐particles at the membrane/electrode interfaces. However, the efficient insertion of nano‐particles, other than metal oxides, inside a polymeric matrix is often very complicated or not possible. Therefore, it was of interest to find simpler methods for the insertion. In this paper, the preparation of organic precursor solutions of the insoluble compound Zr(O 3 P‐OH)(O 3 P‐C 6 H 4 SO 3 H), a proton conductor exhibiting very high conductivity (10 –1 S cm –1 at 100 °C and 90 %RH) is reported. It was found that these precursor solutions are more stable the higher the K b of the solvent and the lower the temperature. Precursor solutions, stable for many days at room temperature, were found by using proton acceptor solvents, such as alkanols, N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF), and N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). The particularity of these solutions is that insoluble phosphonate particles are formed when the solvent is evaporated. They are therefore very suitable for filling porous membranes, for the preparation of composite proton conducting membranes, and for the preparation of composite electrodes. Some examples of preparation and use are reported and discussed.
A statistical model for improved membrane protein expression using sequence-derived features (2018)

The heterologous expression of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) remains a major bottleneck in the characterization of this important protein class. IMP expression levels are currently unpredictable, which renders the pursuit of IMPs for structural and biophysical characterization challenging and inefficient. Experimental evidence demonstrates that changes within the nucleotide or amino acid sequence for a given IMP can dramatically affect expression levels, yet these observations have not resulted in generalizable approaches to improve expression levels. Here, we develop a data-driven statistical predictor named IMProve that, using only sequence information, increases the likelihood of selecting an IMP that expresses in <i>Escherichia coli</i> The IMProve model, trained on experimental data, combines a set of sequence-derived features resulting in an IMProve score, where higher values have a higher probability of success. The model is rigorously validated against a variety of independent data sets that contain a wide range of experimental outcomes from various IMP expression trials. The results demonstrate that use of the model can more than double the number of successfully expressed targets at any experimental scale. IMProve can immediately be used to identify favorable targets for characterization. Most notably, IMProve demonstrates for the first time that IMP expression levels can be predicted directly from sequence.
Seeking for Selectivity and Efficiency: New Approaches in the Synthesis of Raltegravir (2020)

The present work describes the development of an improved synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredient raltegravir. The isolation of a new process intermediate and the newly developed conditions solve the issue of selectivity typical of this production process, with no need for the use of protecting groups, making the present route more efficient and sustainable than what was reported before. Efficiency comparisons with the previous processes confirm the result here obtained.
Phosphorylation-dependent Block of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channel by Exogenous R Domain Protein (1996)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) constitutes a linear conductance chloride channel, which is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation at multiple sites located in the intracellular regulatory (R) domain. Studies in a lipid bilayer system, reported here, provide evidence for the control of CFTR chloride channel by its R domain. The exogenous R domain protein (encoded by exon 13 plus 85 base pairs of exon 14) interacted specifically with the CFTR molecule and inhibited the chloride conductance in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Only the unphosphorylated R domain protein blocked the CFTR channel. Such functional interaction suggests that the putative gating particle of the CFTR chloride channel resides in the R domain.
An overview of end-to-end language understanding and dialog management for personal digital assistants (2016)

Spoken language understanding and dialog management have emerged as key technologies in interacting with personal digital assistants (PDAs). The coverage, complexity, and the scale of PDAs are much larger than previous conversational understanding systems. As such, new problems arise. In this paper, we provide an overview of the language understanding and dialog management capabilities of PDAs, focusing particularly on Cortana, Microsoft's PDA. We explain the system architecture for language understanding and dialog management for our PDA, indicate how it differs with prior state-of-the-art systems, and describe key components. We also report a set of experiments detailing system performance on a variety of scenarios and tasks. We describe how the quality of user experiences are measured end-to-end and also discuss open issues.
Atrial Sensing to Augment Ventricular Tachycardia Detection by the Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: A Utility Study (1988)

The triggering of automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) discharges by supraventricular tachycardias, despite the presence of a probability density function algorithm, remains a limitation of an otherwise highly effective device. We systematically investigated the diagnostic utility which theroretically could derive form the addition of atrial sensing capability to the AICD in 25 patients with 30 inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardias (VTs) at clinically relevant rates (greater than or equal to 150 beats/min). Patients were included only if they were not taking medication capable of depressing ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction for at least 5 half-lives prior to electrophysiological testing. We tested the simple criterion for VT that ventricular cycle length (CL) be shorter than the atrial CL (not met in sinus or most other supraventricular tachycardias). Mean VT CL was 283 +/- 47 ms (range 210 to 370). In 25 (83%) VTs, the VT criterion was consistently satisfied. Of the five cases in which the criterion was not met, 1:1 VA conduction during VT was present in four, three of which initially manifested 2:1 VA conduction lasting from 14 to 28 s and therefore would have transiently fulfilled the VT criterion. The remaining patient who failed to satisfy the VT criterion had ongoing atrial flutter during a relatively slower sustained VT, but this circumstance could be recognized because of the varying AV interval. The absence of 1:1 VA conduction at CLS less than or equal to 400 ms during ventricular pacing accurately predicted the absence of 1:1 VA conduction during VT in 95% of patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthetic development of cell-permeable polymer colloids decorated with nanocrystal imaging probes optimized for cell tracking (2012)

With recent advances in stem cell therapies and oncological research, prolonged tracking of single cells in vivo is critical to understanding their unusual biology. To tag these cells, nanocrystal-based probes are highly desirable since their composition can be tailored for specific imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging or whole-body fluorescence imaging. Nevertheless, a robust strategy to incorporate nanocrystals to the cytosol of living cells for tracking schemes has been difficult to achieve. We report here a biomimetic approach to nanocrystal delivery, ideally suited for cell tracking schemes, using a unique class of core–shell colloidal polymer vectors decorated with both amine and guanidine functionalities. These materials exhibit unusual dual responsive character to both pH and temperature that can be leveraged to translocate nanocrystal/polymer assemblies to the cytosol in less than an hour. By avoiding prolonged exposure to the acidic microenvironment of late endosomes, the intact nanocrystals no longer pose a problem to cell health. Such a rapid trajectory for these mixed-component assemblies into live cells is unprecedented and should make practical a wider array of nanoparticle-based tracking schemes in biological systems than is currently possible.
Current $MgB_{2}$ wire performance and their industrial development (2009)

Although just recently discovered as a superconductor, Magnesium Diboride has already demonstrated its clear potential for an effective use in a variety of applications. With its critical temperature of about 40 K, MgBB2 gives the opportunity to operate devices at cryogenic temperatures of the order of 20 K, allowing for the use of alternative, cost effective, and simpler technologies than liquid helium. Suitable processes for long lengths wire manufacturing have been demonstrated in the recent years. This work will focus on the preparation of MgB2B based superconducting wires by the Powder-In-Tube method, using the so-called ’ex-situ’ process. The main physical and structural characteristics of these wires will be finally reported and briefly discussed.
Vertically emitting distributed feedback laser for active label free biosensing (2008)

A distributed feedback laser has been demonstrated as a label free biosensor. The stimulated emission wavelength changes with the refractive index variations on the sensor surface. The sensor exhibits high resolution and wide dynamic range.
Dependence of ventilation image derived from 4D CT on deformable image registration and ventilation algorithms (2013)

Ventilation imaging using 4D CT is a convenient and low-cost functional imaging methodology which might be of value in radiotherapy treatment planning to spare functional lung volumes. Deformable image registration (DIR) is needed to calculate ventilation imaging from 4D CT. This study investigates the dependence of calculated ventilation on DIR methods and ventilation algorithms. DIR of the normal end expiration and normal end inspiration phases of the 4D CT images was used to correlate the voxels between the two respiratory phases. Three different DIR algorithms, optical flow (OF), diffeomorphic demons (DD), and diffeomorphic morphons (DM) were retrospectively applied to ten esophagus and ten lung cancer cases with 4D CT image sets that encompassed the entire lung volume. The three ventilation extraction methods were used based on either the Jacobian, the change in volume of the voxel, or directly calculated from Hounsfield units. The ventilation calculation algorithms used are the Jacobian, ΔV, and HU method. They were compared using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) index and Bland-Altman plots. Dependence of ventilation images on the DIR was greater for the ΔV and the Jacobian methods than for the HU method. The DSC index for 20% of low-ventilation volume for ΔV was 0.33 ± 0.03 (1 SD) between OF and DM, 0.44 ± 0.05 between OF and DD, and 0.51 ± 0.04 between DM and DD. The similarity comparisons for Jacobian were 0.32 ± 0.03, 0.44 ± 0.05, and 0.51 ± 0.04, respectively, and for HU they were 0.53 ± 0.03, 0.56 ± 0.03, and 0.76 ± 0.04, respectively. Dependence of extracted ventilation on the ventilation algorithm used showed good agreement between the ΔV and Jacobian methods, but differed significantly for the HU method. DSC index for using OF as DIR was 0.86 ± 0.01 between ΔV and Jacobian, 0.28 ± 0.04 between ΔV and HU, and 0.28 ± 0.04 between Jacobian and HU, respectively. When using DM or DD as DIR, similar values were obtained when comparing the different ventilation calculation methods. The similarity values for the 20% high-ventilation volume were close to those found for the 20% low-ventilation volume. The results obtained with DSC index were confirmed when using the Bland-Altman plots for comparing the ventilation images. Our data suggest that ventilation calculated from 4D CT depends on the DIR algorithm employed. Similarities between ΔV and Jacobian are higher than between ΔV and HU, and Jacobian and HU.
Potent Immune Modulation by MEDI6383, an Engineered Human OX40 Ligand IgG4P Fc Fusion Protein (2018)

Ligation of OX40 (CD134, TNFRSF4) on activated T cells by its natural ligand (OX40L, CD252, TNFSF4) enhances cellular survival, proliferation, and effector functions such as cytokine release and cellular cytotoxicity. We engineered a recombinant human OX40L IgG4P Fc fusion protein termed MEDI6383 that assembles into a hexameric structure and exerts potent agonist activity following engagement of OX40. MEDI6383 displayed solution-phase agonist activity that was enhanced when the fusion protein was clustered by Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) on the surface of adjacent cells. The resulting costimulation of OX40 on T cells induced NFκB promoter activity in OX40-expressing T cells and induced Th1-type cytokine production, proliferation, and resistance to regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated suppression. MEDI6383 enhanced the cytolytic activity of tumor-reactive T cells and reduced tumor growth in the context of an alloreactive human T cell:tumor cell admix model in immunocompromised mice. Consistent with the role of OX40 costimulation in the expansion of memory T cells, MEDI6383 administered to healthy nonhuman primates elicited peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 central and effector memory T-cell proliferation as well as B-cell proliferation. Together, these results suggest that OX40 agonism has the potential to enhance antitumor immunity in human malignancies. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(5); 1024-38. ©2018 AACR</i>.