gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Orally Available Asthma Drug Candidate That Reduces Smooth Muscle Constriction and Inflammation by Targeting GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptors in the Lung (2018)

We describe lead compound MIDD0301 for the oral treatment of asthma based on previously developed positive allosteric α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>3</sub>γ<sub>2</sub> selective GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor (GABA<sub>A</sub>R) ligands. MIDD0301 relaxed airway smooth muscle at single micromolar concentrations as demonstrated with ex vivo guinea pig tracheal rings. MIDD0301 also attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin murine model of asthma by oral administration. Reduced numbers of eosinophils and macrophages were observed in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid without changing mucous metaplasia. Importantly, lung cytokine expression of IL-17A, IL-4, and TNF-α were reduced for MIDD0301-treated mice without changing antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels. Automated patch clamp confirmed amplification of GABA induced current mediated by α<sub>1-3,5</sub>β<sub>3</sub>γ<sub>2</sub> GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs in the presence of MIDD0301. Pharmacodynamically, transmembrane currents of ex vivo CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from asthmatic mice were potentiated by MIDD0301 in the presence of GABA. The number of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells observed in the lung of MIDD0301-treated mice were reduced by an oral treatment of 20 mg/kg b.i.d. for 5 days. A half-life of almost 14 h was demonstrated by pharmacokinetic studies (PK) with no adverse CNS effects when treated mice were subjected to sensorimotor studies using the rotarod. PK studies also confirmed very low brain distribution. In conclusion, MIDD0301 represents a safe and improved oral asthma drug candidate that relaxes airway smooth muscle and attenuates inflammation in the lung leading to a reduction of AHR at a dosage lower than earlier reported GABA<sub>A</sub>R ligands.
Opportunities in Software Engineering Research for Web API Consumption (2017)

Nowadays, invoking third party code increasingly involves calling web services via their web APIs, as opposed to the more traditional scenario of downloading a library and invoking the library's API. However, there are also new challenges for developers calling these web APIs. In this paper, we highlight abroad set of these challenges and argue for resulting opportunities for software engineering research to support developers in consuming web APIs. We outline two specific research threads in this context: (1) web API specification curation, which enables us to know the signatures of web APIs, and (2) static analysis that is capable of extracting URLs, HTTP methods etc. of web API calls. Furthermore, we present new work on how we combine (1) and (2) to provide IDE support for application developers consuming web APIs. As web APIs are used broadly, research in supporting the consumption of web APIs offers exciting opportunities.
Evaluation of different antimicrobial agents used as selective supplements for isolation and recovery of Yersinia enterocolitica (1994)

Seventeen antimicrobial agents were evaluated separately or in combination for their efficiency as selective supplements in a broth medium against six different serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica and 20 selected strains of different Gram-negative bacteria. Irgasan (DP300, 5-chloro-2-(2,4- dichlorophenoxy) phenol) at a concentration of 4 micrograms ml-1 inhibited the growth of most Gram-negative bacteria with the exceptions of Aeromonas hydrophila, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia liquefaciens. Other antimicrobial agents incorporated in the growth medium, separately or in combination with Irgasan, either inhibited some strains of Y. enterocolitica or did not inhibit the growth of Irgasan-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
<title>Artificial neural networks in chest radiographs: detection and characterization of interstitial lung disease</title> (1997)

We have developed a computerized scheme for detection of interstitial lung disease by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) on quantitative analysis of digital image data. Three separate ANNs wee applied for the ANN scheme. The first ANN was trained with horizontal profiles in the ROIs selected from digital chest radiographs. The second ANN was trained with vertical output pattern obtained from the 1st ANN in each ROI. The output from the 2nd ANN was used to distinguish between normal and abnormal ROIs. In order to improve the performance, we attempted a density correction and rib edge removal. The A<SUB>z</SUB> value was improved from 0.906 to 0.934 by incorporating density correction. For the classification of each chest image, we employed a rule-based method and a rule-based plus the third ANN method. A high A<SUB>z</SUB> value was obtained with the rule-based plus ANN method. The ANNs can learn certain statistical properties associate with patterns of interstitial infiltrates in chest radiographs.
Nanocrystal Size and Quantum Yield in the Upconversion of Green to Violet Light with CdSe and Anthracene Derivatives (2015)

We investigate the parameters affecting the upconversion of visible light in a hybrid organic–inorganic system based on CdSe nanocrystal (NC) sensitizers, 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (9-ACA) transmitter, and diphenylanthracene (DPA) annihilator. Seven wurtzite CdSe NCs ranging in photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from 2.0% to 11%, and in diameter from 2.7 to 5.1 nm, were used in combination with the 9-ACA and DPA molecules. Using 2.7 nm diameter CdSe NCs, we show that the upconversion quantum yield has a quadratic to linear dependence on NC sensitizer concentration. Additionally, upconversion efficiency correlates positively with 9-ACA surface coverage on CdSe NCs and NC PLQY but negatively with particle size. This work clearly illustrates the path toward designing nanocrystal–molecule combinations with high upconversion efficiency that have potential applications in the fields of bioimaging, solar energy conversion, and data storage.
Installation and operation of superconducting rotating machines (2004)

Superconducting rotating machine technology is developing rapidly. At present, four superconducting rotating machine programs are in progress. General electric is building a 100 MVA superconducting generator under a DoE contract. American superconductor (AMSC) has 3 programs on superconducting machines-a 10 MVAR superconducting synchronous condenser, a 5 MW, 230-RPM ship propulsion motor for office of naval research (ONR) and a 36.5 MW, 120-RPM ship propulsion motor programs also for ONR. All superconducting machines employ high temperature superconductors (HTS) in the field winding on the rotor and a conventional ambient temperature copper winding in the stator. This paper discusses the installation and operation of these machines and their support equipment.
Total Synthesis of Trioxacarcin DC‐45‐A2 (2015)

An enantioselective total synthesis of trioxacarcin DC-45-A2 (1) featuring a novel Lewis acid-induced cascade rearrangement of epoxyketone 6 to forge the polyoxygenated 2,7-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core of the molecule is described.
Displays Based on Dynamic Phase-Only Holography (2018)

Static holographic displays of high quality are works of art. We are creating commercial displays using dynamic phase-only spatial light modulators (SLMs). The main advantages of this approach are light efficiency and fault tolerance. When polarized lasers are used as the illumination source, there is no requirement for polarizers in the light engine. Moreover, the illumination beam can be directed towards bright points of the image and away from dark regions. Due to the many-to-one correspondence between the pixels in the SLM and the points in the image, faults in high complexity SLMs will be annealed in the image. Compared with normal displays where etendue is of overriding importance for light efficiency, holographic displays favor small pixel devices. Smaller pixel devices generate a larger reconstruction which improves the etendue for a second stage imaging system.
Inhibition of Enveloped RNA Virus Formation by Peptides Corresponding to Glycoprotein Sequences (1992)

Peptides, corresponding to amino acid sequences in the cytoplasmic domains of the transmembranal glycoproteins encoded by Sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses, inhibited release of virus particles and infectious virus when added to infected cells for a 2h period during a one-cycle growth curve. Each inhibitory peptide was specific for its intended virus. The shortest peptide with antiviral activity for Sindbis virus contained six amino acids, and a related peptide that was acylated at the amino terminus with octanoic acid was ten-fold more potent as an inhibitor. Neither of these peptides affected the synthesis of viral structural proteins, but a third peptide inhibited proteolytic processing of the Sindbis virus E2 glycoprotein. Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus particle release was dose-dependent in the range of 50–400 μg ml −1 for a peptide corresponding to the G glycoprotein cytoplasmic domain. We postulate that these peptides competitively inhibit attachment of the glycoprotein to intracellular virus structures during assembly of the virion. Thus, drugs, based on peptides that mimic the protein-protein interactions required for virus assembly, may have therapeutic potential.
Vertical Set Square Distance: A Fast and Scalable Technique to Compute Total Variation in Large Datasets. (2005)

In this paper, we introduce the vertical set square distance (VSSD) technique that is designed to efficiently and scalably measure the total variation of a set about a fixed point in large datasets. The set can be any projected subspace of any vector space, including oblique subspaces (not just dimensional subspaces). VSSD can determine the closeness of a point to a set of points in a dataset, which can be very useful for classification, clustering and outlier detection tasks. The technique employs a vertical data structure called the Predicate-tree (P-tree). Performance evaluations based on both synthetic and real-world datasets show that VSSD technology is fast, accurate and scales well to very large datasets, as compared to similar techniques utilizing horizontal record-based data structure.
Optical writing and reading with bilayer assemblies of photosensitive and fluorescent films (2005)

We have identified an efficient photochemical transformation involving the reaction of a [1,3]oxazine with tertiary amines. In aerated acetonitrile, the process is accompanied by the appearance of an intense absorption in the visible region. The irreversible formation of 4-nitrophenolate chromophores is responsible for the development of this band. The photogenerated absorption persists indefinitely upon storage in the dark or even under visible illumination. Furthermore, the process is particularly efficient when the [1,3]oxazine is reacted with triethylamine. The corresponding quantum yield is ca. 0.6. Their photoinduced reaction occurs also in poly(methylmethacrylate) matrices. Once again, the process is accompanied by the appearance of an intense absorption and induces pronounced changes in the refractive index of the dye–polymer composite. The irreversible absorption changes associated with these photosensitive materials can be exploited, in principle at least, to write information optically. The stored data can also be read optically relying on fluorescence measurements. Indeed, we have assembled a bilayer structure consisting of a photosensitive film overlaid on a poly(methylmethacrylate) film doped with naphthalene. The fluorescent dopant in the bottom layer emits light in a wavelength range where only the photogenerated state of the top layer absorbs. Thus, the emission coming from one component can be re-absorbed and filtered only by one of the two states of the other. On the basis of this mechanism, a simple fluorescence measurement can read the state of the photosensitive layer, which can, in turn, be written with an optical stimulation.
A decentralized energy management system (2015)

The primary goal of an energy management system (EMS) in power networks is to balance the supply and demand in a cost efficient manner given its operating horizon, and uncertainties in generation due to renewable generators and in demand. This goal is formulated as the economic dispatch problem. A centralized energy management system faces issues in scalability due to introduction of new generator or storage units and in robustness due to failures in some of the entities in the grid including the EMS itself. To alleviate these complexities a versatile decentralized energy management system (d-EMS) is developed. The d-EMS embeds a decentralized solution to the economic dispatch problem (EDP) based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) inside a decentralized implementation of the receding horizon control. The ADMM based algorithm solves the EDP for the scheduling horizon. The receding horizon control allows the system to adapt to changes in the forecasts and network configuration. Decentralized protocols to handle changes to the communication network of devices is provided. These device failure and addition protocols entail network information updates only, thanks to the simple initialization of the ADMM algorithm.
Genetic basis of attenuation of the Sabin type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (1989)

The poliovirus type 3 Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine strain P3/Leon/12a1b differs in nucleotide sequence from its neurovirulent progenitor P3/Leon/37 by just 10 point mutations. The contribution of each mutation to the attenuation phenotype of the vaccine strain was determined by the construction of a series of recombinant viruses from infectious cDNA clones. The neurovirulence testing of recombinant viruses indicated that the attenuation phenotype is determined by just two point mutations: a C to U in the noncoding region at position 472 and a C to U at nucleotide 2034 which results in a serine-to-phenylalanine amino acid substitution in the structural protein VP3.
Dielectric properties of glucose solutions in the millimetre-wave range and control of glucose content in blood (2007)

The measurement of the dielectric properties of sugar solutions, as well as blood imitators and blood, in the millimetre-wave range allows one to obtain valuable information on the possibility of real-time control of glucose concentration in blood. These measurements are also of interest for other applications, for example in the wine industry and for the determination of water content in oil, oil products and other liquids.
Electron-beam focusing in 1:1 electron projection lithography system (2006)

Factors influencing the transferred image resolution in 1:1 electron projection lithography system are considered. The influence of Coulomb interaction between electrons, gradient of magnetic field, and angle between focusing electric and magnetic fields on the electron-beam focusing is estimated. In the presence of a magnetic-field gradient in the focusing system, the radius of an electron’s orbit is changed with a change of value of magnetic field B. As a result, after completing a whole turn, the center of electron’s orbit moves in the direction perpendicular to B and the magnetic-field gradient, which results in distortion of the transferred image. Coulomb interaction between electrons during their flight from the emitter toward the e-beam resist-coated wafer also results in diffusion of the transferred image and may be considered a crucial parameter that limits the high-resolution capability in the case of high emission currents. The presence of the angle between the direction perpendicular to the wafer and emitter planes and the magnet’s field direction results in an overall displacement of the transferred image and a variation of cyclotron orbit radius that depends on the distance between the emitter and wafer.
A filament thresher for seed (1986)

SOME types of seed have appendages that, unless removed, interfere with seed conditioning, storage, and planting operations. An experimental seed thresher that is capable of removing difficult-to-remove seed appendages, such as awns, pappus, hair, and tails is described. Test results from threshing trials using marigold, gazania, arctotis, and anemone seed are reported. The thresher uses a series of high-rotational-speed filaments to thresh seed and an air stream to separate the chaff from the seed particles.
Nucleic Acids Which Encode Delta9-elongases, Delta8-desaturases And Delta5-desaturases, Uses And Processes Thereof (Patent CA 3006116 A1) (2007)

The invention relates to nucleic acid derived from Perkinsus marinus which encodes a 9-elongase, a ”8-desaturase and a ”5-desaturase enzyme. All of the coding sequences can be transcribed as a single transcript.
VGJφ, a Novel Filamentous Phage of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> , Integrates into the Same Chromosomal Site as CTXφ (2003)

ABSTRACT We describe a novel filamentous phage, designated VGJφ, isolated from strain SG25-1 of Vibrio cholerae O139, which infects all O1 (classical and El Tor) and O139 strains tested. The sequence of the 7,542 nucleotides of the phage genome reveals that VGJφ has a distinctive region of 775 nucleotides and a conserved region with an overall genomic organization similar to that of previously characterized filamentous phages, such as CTXφ of V. cholerae and Ff phages of Escherichia coli . The conserved region carries 10 open reading frames (ORFs) coding for products homologous to previously reported peptides of other filamentous phages, and the distinctive region carries one ORF whose product is not homologous to any known peptide. VGJφ, like other filamentous phages, uses a type IV pilus to infect V. cholerae ; in this case, the pilus is the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin. VGJφ-infected V. cholerae overexpresses the product of one ORF of the phage (ORF112), which is similar to single-stranded DNA binding proteins of other filamentous phages. Once inside a cell, VGJφ is able to integrate its genome into the same chromosomal attB site as CTXφ, entering into a lysogenic state. Additionally, we found an attP structure in VGJφ, which is also conserved in several lysogenic filamentous phages from different bacterial hosts. Finally, since different filamentous phages seem to integrate into the bacterial dif locus by a general mechanism, we propose a model in which repeated integration events with different phages might have contributed to the evolution of the CTX chromosomal region in V. cholerae El Tor.
On the use of intensity optical pumping and coherent population trapping techniques in the implementation of atomic frequency standards (2003)

The paper summarizes the relative advantages and disadvantages of coherent population trapping (CPT) or intensity optical pumping (IOP) for the implementation of a passive atomic frequency standard using the isotope /sup 87/Rb. This paper outlines the basic principles common to both CPT and IOP when using laser optical pumping, and makes explicit their similarities and their differences. This paper describes experimental results obtained in the same cell on the characteristics of the CPT and IOP /sup 87/Rb-hyperfine-resonance line. The measurements showed that the signal contrast is larger in CPT than in IOP for the same resulting line width; the light shift is smaller in CPT than in IOP, and is easier to control; in principle, a passive frequency standard based on CPT has a smaller size than that based on IOP, due to the absence of a microwave cavity. Conclusions on overall expectations for the future of such frequency standards are drawn.
The Transferrin Binding Protein B of <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> Elicits Bactericidal Antibodies and Is a Potential Vaccine Antigen (1998)

The transferrin binding protein genes (tbpA and tbpB) from two strains of Moraxella catarrhalis have been cloned and sequenced. The genomic organization of the M. catarrhalis transferrin binding protein genes is unique among known bacteria in that tbpA precedes tbpB and there is a third gene located between them. The deduced sequences of the M. catarrhalis TbpA proteins from two strains were 98% identical, while those of the TbpB proteins from the same strains were 63% identical and 70% similar. The third gene, tentatively called orf3, encodes a protein of approximately 58 kDa that is 98% identical between the two strains. The tbpB genes from four additional strains of M. catarrhalis were cloned and sequenced, and two potential families of TbpB proteins were identified based on sequence similarities. Recombinant TbpA (rTbpA), rTbpB, and rORF3 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. rTbpB was shown to retain its ability to bind human transferrin after transfer to a membrane, but neither rTbpA nor rORF3 did. Monospecific anti-rTbpA and anti-rTbpB antibodies were generated and used for immunoblot analysis, which demonstrated that epitopes of M. catarrhalis TbpA and TbpB were antigenically conserved and that there was constitutive expression of the tbp genes. In the absence of an appropriate animal model, anti-rTbpA and anti-rTbpB antibodies were tested for their bactericidal activities. The anti-rTbpA antiserum was not bactericidal, but anti-rTbpB antisera were found to kill heterologous strains within the same family. Thus, if bactericidal ability is clinically relevant, a vaccine comprising multiple rTbpB antigens may protect against M. catarrhalis disease.
Chitinolytic Enzymes Produced by<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>: Antifungal Activity of Purified Endochitinase and Chitobiosidase (1993)

Two chitinolytic enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum strain P1 were tested for their antifungal activity in bioassays against nine different fungal species. Spore germination (or cell replication) and germ tube elongation were inhibited for all chitin-containing fungi except T. harzianum strain P1. The degree of inhibition was proportional to the level of chitin in the cell wall of the target fungi. For most of the fungi tested, the ED50 values for the endochitinase and the chitobiosidase were 35-135 micrograms ml-1 and 62-180 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Complete inhibition occurred at 200-300 micrograms ml-1. Combining the two enzymes resulted in a synergistic increase of antifungal activity. The ED50 values for a 1:1 mixture of endochitinase and chitobiosidase were as low as 10 micrograms ml-1 for Botrytis cinerea, 34 micrograms ml-1 for Ustilago avenae, 13 micrograms ml-1 for Uncinula necator, and 30 micrograms ml-1 for Fusarium solani. T. harzianum strain P1 was resistant to its own chitinolytic enzymes up to 800 micrograms ml-1, with an ED50 value 1,000 micrograms ml-1. The chitinolytic enzymes from T. harzianum appeared to be biologically more active than enzymes from other sources and more effective against a wider range of fungi. The involvement of these chitinolytic enzymes in biocontrol is also discussed
Toward Fast Reliable Communication at Rates Near Capacity with Gaussian\n Noise (2010)

For the additive Gaussian noise channel with average codeword power\nconstraint, sparse superposition codes and adaptive successive decoding is\ndeveloped. Codewords are linear combinations of subsets of vectors, with the\nmessage indexed by the choice of subset. A feasible decoding algorithm is\npresented. Communication is reliable with error probability exponentially small\nfor all rates below the Shannon capacity.\n
Compensation of the temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant of barium strontium titanate (1995)

We report a significant decrease in the temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant (TCK) for polycrystalline ceramics of barium–strontium–titanate through admixture with tetragonal bronze-type barium strontium niobate. For Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 ceramics, a 10% admixture of the niobate decreases TCK by a factor of 2.5 at 10 MHz, with negligible degradation of the dielectric loss; a 37.5% admixture decreases TCK by a factor of more than 100. Dielectric constants for the mixtures are in the range of 200–500.