gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro Fabry-Perot sensor for surface measurement (2008)

A high accuracy surface inspection system for testing polished surfaces is based on a Fabry-Perot resonator. The inspected surface serves as a relay mirror in a cat-eye retroreflector incorporated into the resonating cavity, which makes the optical configuration insensitive to surface tilts. The laser wavelength is swept periodically over a given range, and the local surface height is obtained by timing the resonance occurrence during each sweep. An additional highly stable reference Fabry-Perot interferometer using the same laser is employed for obtaining differential measurements, yielding absolute height values, distinguishing between up and down defects. Due to the finesse of the multi-beam Fabry Perot interferometer relative to the two-beam Michelson interferometer response function, the height sensitivity is greatly enhanced. In order to detect small contamination particles, the interferometer was supplemented by a scattering detection channel integrated into the same compact optical head. The combination of the bright-field interferometric signal, yielding both the phase (surface height) and amplitude (surface reflectivity), and the dark-field scattering channel, allows one to build a sensitive and reliable defect detection and classification procedure. The interferometer was incorporated into high-speed high-accuracy in-line machines for inspection of the surfaces in data storage applications. With a 0.2 Angstroms resolution, the height rms repeatability at a surface scanning speed of 40 m/s is 1.5 Angstroms.
Signal-specialized parameterization for piecewise linear reconstruction (2004)

We propose a metric for surface parameterization specialized to its signal that can be used to create more efficient, high-quality texture maps. Derived from Taylor expansion of signal error, our metric predicts the signal approximation error - the difference between the original surface signal and its reconstruction from the sampled texture. Unlike previous methods, our metric assumes piecewise-linear reconstruction, and thus makes a good approximation to bilinear reconstruction employed in graphics hardware. We achieve significant savings in texture area for a desired signal accuracy compared to the signal-specialized parameterization metric proposed by Sander et al. in the 2002 Eurographics Workshop on Rendering.
Porosity Measurement of Low Permeable Materials Using Gas Expansion Induced Water Intrusion Porosimetry (GEIWIP) (2019)

Porosity measurement is a key factor to identify the hydraulic performance of low permeable porous materials (e.g. rock or concrete). Porosimetry tests such as Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), or Gas Expansion (GE) are cost-prohibitive, use hazardous materials, or are incapable of accessing all inter-connected pores. An alternative Gas Expansion Induced Water Intrusion Porosimetry (GEIWIP) method was developed to measure the porosity of a low permeable porous medium using a gas/water intrusion apparatus. This method overcomes the previously mentioned porosimetry drawbacks by using distilled de-aired water (DDW) as a hazard-free liquid which is a wetting fluid to intrude the porous structure and fill the pores. As the DDW has the tendency to fill all inter-connected pores, no back-up pressure is required. This method has lower cost and needs less preparation time comparing to MIP test. Additionally, the GEIWIP set-up, the gas/water intrusion apparatus, can be moved to the field site and provide mobile measurement feasibility. The reliability of the test results was obtained by a repetitive testing process. The porosity of concrete samples with different mixtures was obtained and compared to those of MIP and NMR tests.
Multicolor fluorescence enhancement from a photonics crystal surface (2010)

A photonic crystal substrate exhibiting resonant enhancement of multiple fluorophores has been demonstrated. The device, fabricated uniformly from plastic materials over a ∼3×5 in.(2) surface area by nanoreplica molding, utilizes two distinct resonant modes to enhance electric field stimulation of a dye excited by a λ=632.8 nm laser (cyanine-5) and a dye excited by a λ=532 nm laser (cyanine-3). Resonant coupling of the laser excitation to the photonic crystal surface is obtained for each wavelength at a distinct incident angle. Compared to detection of a dye-labeled protein on an ordinary glass surface, the photonic crystal surface exhibited a 32× increase in fluorescent signal intensity for cyanine-5 conjugated streptavidin labeling, while a 25× increase was obtained for cyanine-3 conjugated streptavidin labeling. The photonic crystal is capable of amplifying the output of any fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength in the 532 nm<λ<633 nm range by selection of an appropriate incident angle. The device is designed for biological assays that utilize multiple fluorescent dyes within a single imaged area, such as gene expression microarrays.
Dirac plasmon-assisted asymmetric hot carrier generation for room-temperature infrared detection (2019)

Due to the low photon energy, detection of infrared photons is challenging at room temperature. Thermoelectric effect offers an alternative mechanism bypassing material bandgap restriction. In this article, we demonstrate an asymmetric plasmon-induced hot-carrier Seebeck photodetection scheme at room temperature that exhibits a remarkable responsivity of 2900 VW<sup>-1</sup>, detectivity of 1.1 × 10<sup>9</sup> Jones along with a fast response of ~100 ns in the technologically relevant 8-12 µm band. This is achieved by engineering the asymmetric electronic environment of the generated hot carriers on chemical vapor deposition grown large area nanopatterned monolayer graphene, which leads to a temperature gradient of 4.7 K across the device terminals for an incident power of 155 nW, thereby enhancing the photo-thermoelectric voltage by manifold compared to previous reports. The results presented outline a strategy for uncooled, tunable, and multispectral infrared detection.
An iterative algorithm for optimal style conscious field classification (2003)

Modeling consistency of style in isogenous fields of patterns (such as character patterns in a word from the same font or writer) can improve classification accuracy. Since such patterns are interdependent, the Bayes classifier requires maximization of a probability score over all field-labels, which are exponentially more numerous with increasing field length. The iterative field classification algorithm prioritizes field-labels, for computation of probability scores, according to an upper bound on the score. Factorizability of the upper bound score allows dynamic prioritization of field-labels. Experiments on classification of numeral field patterns demonstrate computational efficiency of the algorithm.
Automatically Detecting the Position and Type of Psychiatric Evaluation Report Sections (2018)

Psychiatric evaluation reports represent a rich and still mostly-untapped source of information for developing systems for automatic diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems. These reports contain free-text structured within sections using a convention of headings. We present a model for automatically detecting the position and type of different psychiatric evaluation report sections. We developed this model using a corpus of 150 sample reports that we gathered from the Web, and used sentences as a processing unit while section headings were used as labels of section type. From these labels we generated a unified hierarchy of labels of section types, and then learned n-gram models of the language found in each section. To model conventions for section order, we integrated these n-gram models with a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM) representing the probabilities of observed section orders found in the corpus, and then used this HHMM n-gram model in a decoding framework to infer the most likely section boundaries and section types for documents with their section labels removed. We evaluated our model over two tasks, namely, identifying section boundaries and identifying section types and orders. Our model significantly outperformed baselines for each task with an F 1 of 0.88 for identifying section types, and a 0.26 WindowDiff (W d ) and 0.20 and (P k ) scores, respectively, for identifying section boundaries.
Measurement and Simulation of the Performance of a Lightweight Metallic Sandwich Structure With a Tetrahedral Truss Core (2004)

Metallic sandwich panels with tetrahedral truss cores have been fabricated and their structural performance evaluated. A fabrication technique involving deformation-shaping and brazing has been used. The responses of the structure in core shear and panel bending have been measured. The results demonstrate robust behavior beyond the limit load. A finite element simulation of the core shear response duplicates the features found experimentally. When combined with the constitutive properties of the face sheet material, these shear characteristics have been shown to predict, with good fidelity, the limit load for panels in bending.
<title>Progress on the development of silicon microchannel plates</title> (2002)

The techniques for manufacture of silicon (Si) MCP's at Nanosciences Corp have undergone significant changes over a relatively short period of time. This is expected in the developmental stages of any new technology, and we have attempted to track this progress by assessing the performance of successive generations of Si MCP's. The samples we have tested are 25mm format with approximately 7 micrometers pores, both with square and hexagonal pore shapes. We have measured the gain of single Si MCP's and the gain, pulse height, gain uniformity, background and quantum detection efficiency of Si MCP's in stacks. Hexagonal pore MCP's with high gain and open area ratios of >75% have been successfully fabricated. Gain of nearly 10<SUP>4</SUP> for a single Si MCP has been achieved, and the quantum detection efficiency for Si MCP's has been shown to be the same as glass MCP's. The Si MCP background is as low as approximately 0.02 events sec <SUP>-1</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP> without shielding, giving significant improvement over even low noise glass MCP's. The image flat fields are free of any patterned modulation, and the gain uniformity is relatively good. Along with low stopping power for x, gamma and cosmic rays, stability to very high temperatures (>800 degree(s)C), and lack of reactivity with photocathodes, Si MCP's offer a new option in MCP applications.
Enhanced Gas Sorption Properties and Unique Behavior toward Liquid Water in a Pillared-Paddlewheel Metal–Organic Framework Transmetalated with Ni(II) (2014)

The synthesis of a permanently porous pillared-paddlewheel metal-organic framework (MOF) was achieved through transmetalation of Zn(II) with Ni(II). The MOF can be treated with liquid water, leading to the reversible displacement of 50% of its pillars by water molecules and resulting in a most unusual crystalline and permanently porous structure.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Glycine‐sulfonamides as Potent Dual Orexin 1/Orexin 2 Receptor Antagonists. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phycobiliprotein fusion proteins: versatile intensely fluorescent constructs (2004)

Since 1982, phycobiliproteins have served as fluorescent labels in a wide variety of cell and molecule analyses. The exceptional spectroscopic properties of these labels include very high absorbance coefficients and quantum yields, and large Stokes shifts. The spectroscopic diversity of these reagents is restricted to a subset of naturally occurring phycobiliproteins with stable assembly states in vitro, whose target specificity is generated by chemical conjugation to proteins or small molecules. The latter step generates heterogeneity. These limitations have been overcome by expressing various recombinant phycobiliprotein constructs in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120. Modular recombinant phycobiliprotein-based labels were constructed with some or all of the following features (a) an affinity purification tag; (b) a stable oligomerization domain (to maintain stable higher order assemblies of the phycobiliprotein monomers at very low protein concentration); (c) a biospecific recognition domain. Such phycobiliprotein constructs are readily purified from crude cell extracts by affinity chromatography and used directly as fluorescent labels. To generate constructs for intracellular in vivo labeling, the entire pathways for the biosynthesis of the His-tagged holo- α (phycocyanobilin-bearing) subunit of phycocyanin (emission max. 641 nm) and of the His-tagged holo-α (phycobiliviolin-bearing) subunit of phycoerythrocyanin (emission max. 582 nm) were reconstituted in Escherichia coli.
<i>N-</i>Arylpiperazinyl-<i>N</i>‘<i>-</i>propylamino Derivatives of Heteroaryl Amides as Functional Uroselective α<sub>1</sub>-Adrenoceptor Antagonists (1997)

Novel arylpiperazines were identified as alpha 1-adrenoceptor (AR) subtype-selective antagonists by functional in vitro screening. 3-[4-(ortho-Substituted phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propylamines were derivatized with N,N-dimethyl anthranilamides, nicotinamides, as well as carboxamides of quinoline, 1,8-naphthyridine, pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, isoxazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Strips of rabbit bladder neck were employed as a predictive assay for antagonism in the human lower tract. Rings of rat aorta were used as a "negative screen" for the test antagonists. Binding to alpha 1-ARs was relatively sensitive to size and electronic features of the arylpiperazine portion of the antagonists and permissive to these features on the heteroaryl carboxamide side. These structure-affinity findings were exploited to produce nicotinamides (e.g. 13ii and 25x) and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines (e.g. 37f and 37y) ligands with nanomolar affinity at the alpha 1-AR subtype prevalent in the human lower urinary tract(pA2 values: 8.8, 10.7, 9.3, and 9.9, respectively) and displaying 2-3 orders of magnitude selectivity over the alpha 1D-AR.
Design of WDM PON With Tunable Lasers: The Upstream Scenario (2010)

Tunable lasers are potential upstream optical light generators for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) passive optical network (PON), which is a promising solution for next-generation broad-band optical access. The wavelength provisioning flexibility of tunable lasers can increase the admissible traffic in the network as compared to wavelength-specific lasers. Generally, the broader the lasers' tuning ranges, the more the traffic can be admitted to the network. However, broad tuning range requires sophisticated technology, and probably high cost. To achieve the optimal tradeoff between the admissible traffic and the cost, we investigate the relationship between lasers' tuning ranges and the network's admissible traffic and then design WDM PON by selecting lasers with proper tuning ranges for the upstream data transmission. Specifically, we focus on addressing two issues under three scenarios. The two issues are: how to admit the largest traffic by properly selecting lasers, and how to admit given upstream traffic using lasers with tuning ranges as narrow as possible. The three scenarios are: full-range tunable and wavelength-specific lasers are available, limited-range tunable lasers are available, and the exact number of lasers with specific tuning ranges are given.
Refractive-index profiling of single-mode optical fibers and performs (1979)

The application of the focusing method to measure the refractive-index profiles of single-mode optical fibers and preforms is described. In this automatic and nondestructive technique, the fiber or preform is immersed in index-matching oil, and collimated light is passed transversely through it. The intensity distribution of the transmitted light is detected with a video camera and processed with the aid of a computer-controlled video analysis system that provides the profile within a few minutes. The profiles of boron-doped and germanium-doped fibers and preforms with maximum Deltan varying from 0.0006 to 0.012 were measured with a repeatability of better than 1% and with a resolution better than 1 microm. The profiles of the preforms are in good agreement with those of the fibers and also with those of slab samples taken from the tips of the same preforms.
High Density Holographic Data Storage. (2000)

The demand for increases in the capacity and speed of data storage tests the limits of conventional technologies and drives the search for new approaches. Optical holography has long held the promise of storage densities and data transfer rates far greater than those of traditional magnetic and optical systems. In the past, its realization has been frustrated by the lack of availability of suitable system components, the complexity of holographic multiplexing strategies, and perhaps most importantly, the absence of recording materials that satisfied the stringent requirements of holographic data storage. Here we report on the design and development of a high-performance photopolymer recording medium and on advances in the design of a holographic storage system that have enabled demonstrations of storage densities as high as 31.5 channel Gbits/in. We believe these results will provide the foundation for a practically realizable, high capacity storage system with fast transfer rates and low-cost, removable recording media.
Analyses of Sweet Receptor Gene (Tas1r2) and Preference for Sweet Stimuli in Species of Carnivora (2009)

The extent to which taste receptor specificity correlates with, or even predicts, diet choice is not known. We recently reported that the insensitivity to sweeteners shown by species of Felidae can be explained by their lacking of a functional Tas1r2 gene. To broaden our understanding of the relationship between the structure of the sweet receptors and preference for sugars and artificial sweeteners, we measured responses to 12 sweeteners in 6 species of Carnivora and sequenced the coding regions of Tas1r2 in these same or closely related species. The lion showed no preference for any of the 12 sweet compounds tested, and it possesses the pseudogenized Tas1r2. All other species preferred some of the natural sugars, and their Tas1r2 sequences, having complete open reading frames, predict functional sweet receptors. In addition to preferring natural sugars, the lesser panda also preferred 3 (neotame, sucralose, and aspartame) of the 6 artificial sweeteners. Heretofore, it had been reported that among vertebrates, only Old World simians could taste aspartame. The observation that the lesser panda highly preferred aspartame could be an example of evolutionary convergence in the identification of sweet stimuli.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Phosphorothioate Using Controlled-Pore Glass as Support (1995)

Abstract An efficient synthesis of oligonucleotide phosphorothioate on a very large-scale using controlled-pore glass as support is described.
Solid-State Ion-Exchange of Copper into Zeolites Facilitated by Ammonia at Low Temperature (2014)

The effect of the gas phase during solid-state ion-exchange of copper into zeolites was studied by exposing physical mixtures of copper oxides (CuI2O and CuIIO) and zeolites (MFI, *BEA, and CHA) to various combinations of NO, NH3, O2, and H2O. It is shown that heating these mixtures to 250 °C results in active catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3-SCR), indicating that the Cu has become mobile at that temperature. Such treatment allows for a fast (<5–10 h) preparation of copper-exchanged zeolites. Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis of Cu-CHA prepared using this method shows homogeneous distribution of the Cu in the primary particles of the zeolite. In situ XRD reveals that the Cu ion-exchange is related to the formation of CuI2O. When the zeolite is mixed with CuIIO, addition of NO to the NH3-containing gas phase enhances the formation of CuI2O and the Cu ion-exchange. The mobility of Cu at low temperatures is proposed to be related to the formation of [CuI(NH3)x]+ (x ≥ 2) complexes.
A Direct, Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐Substituted Benzimidazoles and Imidazopyridines (2010)

Abstract Unsymmetric, N ‐substituted benzimidazoles and imidazopyridines can be prepared directly from 2‐halonitroarenes and amides through Pd(TFA) 2 /( R )‐BINAP‐catalyzed cross‐coupling and subsequent reductive aminocyclization. This sequence can be conducted by a one‐pot procedure. The method is versatile and allows the straightforward, regioselective preparation of these important nitrogen heterocycles.
Broadly-Tunable Room-Temperature Monolithic Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Sources (2015)

We report a monolithic terahertz source made of an array of 10 electrically-tunable mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers with intra-cavity terahertz difference-frequency generation. Continuous tunability between 2 and 4 THz is demonstrated at room temperature.
Design and Fabrication of Superamphiphobic Paper Surfaces (2013)

Cellulose-based paper remains a vital component of modern day society; however, its use is severely limited in certain applications because of hydrophilic and oleophilic properties. In this manuscript we present a novel method to create superamphiphobic paper by combining the control of fiber size and structure with plasma etching and fluoropolymer deposition. The heterogeneous nature of the paper structure is drastically different from that of artificially created superamphiphobic surfaces. By refining the wood fibers, smaller diameter fibers (fibrils) are created to support fluid droplets. After oxygen plasma etching and deposition of a fluoropolymer film, paper samples are able to support motor oil contact angles of 149 ± 3°, although these structures readily absorb n-hexadecane. Exchange of water in the pulp solution with sec-butanol provides additional control over fiber spacing to create superamphiphobic substrates with contact angles >150° for water, ethylene glycol, motor oil, and n-hexadecane.
Minimax Design of Nonlinear Phase FIR Filters with Optimality\n Certificates (2016)

The Parks-McClellan algorithm provides an efficient method for designing a\nlinear phase FIR filter with a pre-specified weight function on the\napproximation error. For the given filter order and the specified weight\nfunction, the filter designed with this algorithm will have the unique optimal\nfrequency response that approximates a desired filter response as certified by\nthe alternation theorem. In this paper, a nonlinear phase FIR filter design\nalgorithm is provided that allows the specification of a piecewise constant\nweight function on the approximation error in an analogous manner to linear\nphase FIR filters. For the given filter order and weight function, the\nresulting filter will provably have the unique optimal magnitude response that\napproximates a desired filter response, where the certification of optimality\nis given and is also based on the alternations that the weighted error function\nexhibits. Furthermore, the method is applicable to designing filters with both\nreal- and complex-valued coefficients, which in turn determines the number of\nrequired alternations.\n
Optical Cross-Connects and Optical Packet Switches : concepts and technologies (2001)

Invited talk http://www.ist-optimist.unibo.it/pdf/workshops/ONDM2001/Alcatel_WS_Vienna.pdf