gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Lambertian surfaces to tailor the distribution of light in a nonimaging optical system</title> (1999)

In this paper we will introduce a new light distribution technique we term `Constructive Occlusion'. Using the geometry of Constructive Occlusion, diffuse surfaces can be used to tailor the distribution of a light source, eliminating the need for refractors or reflectors. The use of diffuse materials alone does not enable the tailoring of the distribution because lambertian materials distributed light as a cosine distribution. This cosine distribution is largely independent of the specific shape of the surface. Constructive Occlusion overcomes this limitation by the use of its patented geometry. Through application of the geometry, an integrating cavity is formed using a highly reflective diffuse material (>95% reflectivity). A mask is placed over the cavity, such that the light source and major portion of the cavity is occluded, enabling an interaction between the cavity and the mask. The arrangement and dimensions of the cavity opening, the mask, and the distance of the mask from the cavity, as well as several other geometric relationships, combine to control the light distribution of the optic. Contrary to expectations, we have been able to demonstrate our ability to shape the light distribution while maintaining high optical efficiencies, as high as 87% dependent upon the distribution. The specific techniques of constructive occlusion and example applications will be discussed in this paper.
Molecular weight sensing properties of ionic liquid-polymer composite films: theory and experiment (2014)

Simultaneous measurements of two output signals from an ionic liquid–polymer composite-based QCM sensor provide molecular weight information on vapor analytes.
Photon counting chirped AM ladar: Concept and simulation results (2006)

We present the concept and simulation results for ARLpsilas chirped AM ladar operating with a photon counting receiver. The simulation results predict significant improvements in receiver sensitivity.
Quantitative hepatitis B core antibody level may help predict treatment response in chronic hepatitis B patients (2012)

We read with interest the recent article by Dandri emphasising the use of novel quantitative biomarkers as tools for predicting treatment response and disease progression in chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB).1 The authors carried out a comprehensive review of the clinical implications of quantitative measurement of viral biomarkers both in blood and in liver, such as: serum HBsAg, serum HBeAg and intrahepatic cccDNA, based on current knowledge.1 In addition to these, …
A Simple Prediction Fusion Improves Data-driven Full-Reference Video Quality Assessment Models (2018)

When developing data-driven video quality assessment algorithms, the size of the available ground truth subjective data may hamper the generalization capabilities of the trained models. Nevertheless, if the application context is known a priori, leveraging data-driven approaches for video quality prediction can deliver promising results. Towards achieving highperforming video quality prediction for compression and scaling artifacts, Netflix developed the Video Multi-method Assessment Fusion (VMAF) Framework, a full-reference prediction system which uses a regression scheme to integrate multiple perceptionmotivated features to predict video quality. However, the current version of VMAF does not fully capture temporal video features relevant to temporal video distortions. To achieve this goal, we developed Ensemble VMAF (E-VMAF): a video quality predictor that combines two models: VMAF and predictions based on entropic differencing features calculated on video frames and frame differences. We demonstrate the improved performance of E-VMAF on various subjective video databases. The proposed model will become available as part of the open source package in https://github. com/Netflix/vmaf.
A Possible Mechanism for Inhibition of Angiogenesis by Angiostatic Steroids: Induction of Capillary Basement Membrane Dissolution* (1986)

A new class of angiostatic steroids acts independently of previously identified steroid functions to inhibit angiogenesis when administered with heparin. Development of angiostatic steroids as therapeutic modulators of blood vessel growth would be greatly facilitated if their mode of action were thoroughly understood. However, the mechanism by which these steroids produce capillary regression is not known. The distributions of fibronectin and laminin were studied in growing and regressing capillaries by immunofluorescence microscopy to determine whether capillary basement membrane (BM) alterations could be involved in the mechanism of antiangiogenesis. In normal 8-day-old chick chorioallantoic membrane, fibronectin and laminin appeared in continuous linear patterns within BM surrounding growing capillaries. In contrast, chorioallantoic membranes treated with combinations of angiostatic steroid and heparin exhibited capillary BM fragmentation and eventually complete loss of fibronectin and laminin from regions of capillary involution. Capillary BM breakdown correlated with capillary retraction, endothelial cell rounding, and associated capillary regression. BM surrounding large vessels, neighboring epithelium, and nongrowing capillaries were not affected. Capillary BM dissolution is the first biochemical action identified for this new class of antiangiogenic steroids.
SAS1B Is an Egg Specific High Affinity Oolemmal Binding Partner for Sperm Specific Acrosomal SLLP1 During Fertilization. (2011)

Molecules that interact on the oocyte membrane with the sperm's inner-acrosomal membrane during fertilization are poorly understood. Intra-acrosomal sperm lysozyme like protein, SLLP1, is retained predominantly in the equatorial segment following the acrosome reaction and shows binding to the microvillar domain of the oolemma. To identify SLLP1 interacting proteins on eggs, affinity panning with SLLP1 as bait was performed by surface plasmon resonance using mouse oocyte lysates. An oocyte specific membrane metalloproteinase, SAS1B (Sperm Acrosomal SLLP1 Binding), was identified as a SLLP1 binding partner. cDNA cloning revealed six SAS1B splice variants containing a zinc binding active site, a putative transmembrane domain, and possessing or lacking a signal peptide. Northern analysis revealed SAS1B transcripts only in ovary among 15 adult tissues. Immunofluorescence localized SAS1B to oocyte cytoplasm in secondary oocytes, Graafian follicles, and to the oolemma overlying the microvillar domain of M2 oocytes. After fertilization, SAS1B level decreased on the oolemma and became virtually undetectable in blastocysts. In transfected CHO-K1 cells SAS1B localized to the surface of unpermeabilized cells. Recombinant and native mouse SLLP1 co-localized with SAS1B in the microvillar domain in unfertilized M2 oocytes. Molecular interactions between mouse SLLP1 and SAS1B were demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance, far-western analysis, yeast two-hybrid studies and by co-immuno-precipitation analyses of recombinant full length and truncated SAS1B proteins. In addition, native SAS1B was immunoprecipitated from a mixture of mouse egg and sperm extracts using anti-SLLP1 antibody. SAS1B was found to have protease activity and showed inhibition of fertilization using recombinant SAS1B or SAS1B antibody. Study of affinity kinetics between SLLP1 and SAS1B revealed a high affinity interaction with KD of 0.32 nM. Together, the results suggest SAS1B is an oocyte specific, oolemmal metalloprotease binding partner for the sperm intra-acrosomal ligand SLLP1 during mammalian fertilization. This research was supported by the Kenneth A Scott Trust, a Keybank Trust, NIH R03 HD055129, and D43 TW/HD 00654 from the Fogarty International Center. (platform)
Tunable diode laser-pumped Tm,Ho:YLF laser operated in continuous-wave and Q-switched modes (1992)

Tunable continuous-wave and pulsed laser output was obtained from a Tm-sensitized Ho:YLiF4 crystal at subambient temperatures when longitudinally pumped with a diode laser array. A conversion efficiency of 42 percent and slope efficiency of approximately 60 percent relative to the absorbed pumped power have been achieved at a crystal temperature of 275 K. The emission spectrum was etalon tunable over a range of 16/cm centered at 2067 nm with fine tuning capability of the transition frequency with crystal temperature at measured rate of -0.03/cm/K. Output energies of 0.22 mJ per pulse and 22 ns pulse duration were recorded at Q-switch frequencies that correspond to an effective upper laser level lifetime of 6 ms, and a pulse energy extraction efficiency of 64 percent.
A New Approach to Space Diversity Combining in Microwave Digital Radio (1985)

In this paper we describe a new approach to dual-channel space diversity combining in microwave digital radio. This approach features (1) adaptive control of the relative amplitudes and phases of the two branch gains; and (2) a search strategy, based on noncoherent spectrum measurements at the combiner output, that simultaneously accounts for both dispersion and noise. Computer programs have been developed to simulate the search process and to analyze the resulting performance. Eight representative channel response pairs are postulated and performance results are presented for each. They show that the scheme provides a high degree of channel equalization over bandwidths up to at least 40 MHz, and that, in receivers not using adaptive equalizers, it offers major improvements in detection performance over selection diversity.
A correction method for nonlinear artifacts in CT imaging (2005)

This work presents a new method to reduce nonlinear artifacts in computed tomography (CT). Based on the traditional water-equivalent beam hardening correction method, a new systematic iterative algorithm has been designed to modify the original spectrum, which is under the influences of certain added filter materials and some unknown factors. By incorporating the characters of polychromatic beam hardening and the insensibility and nonuniformity of detectors into consideration, a new polynomial function curve is calculated. The curve can calibrate CT raw data and reduce the nonlinear artifacts, such as shading artifacts, dark artifacts, cupping artifacts and ring artifacts, in soft tissue. Comparing with the traditional water-equivalent correction, results show that this method can significantly improve the image quality. Meanwhile, the method is pre-processing and will not increase the normal reconstruction time. That is, all the time-consuming works can be done before scanning patients. However, it is still depending on the size of phantoms currently used, and more detailed works need to be done in the future.
A Coarse Grain Model for Phospholipid Simulations (2001)

A coarse grain model for phospholipids was systematically parametrized to mimic structural properties obtained from an atomistic simulation of a dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer. The model semiquantitatively reproduces the cross-sectional structure of a preassembled phospholipid bilayer obtained from an atomistic simulation; a property that was not directly fit. The model is sufficiently fast to permit the simulation of the self-assembly of the bilayer starting from a random configuration.
Optical thin layers of MgF_2 produced by decomposition of organic magnesium-fluoro compounds (1985)

Polycrystalline magnesium fluoride is extensively applied as an optical thin layer. Some of its optical, chemical, and mechanical properties are discussed in this paper. Vacuum as well as nonvacuum techniques are suitable for its production and the latter are described in detail, including chemical aerosol decomposition of a few magnesium-fluoro compounds as well as spinning or dipping of solutions of one of the magnesium-fluoro compounds. This subject is presented in the broader context of potential methods of mass-producing optical thin MgF2 layers and of potential industrial applications. The pros and cons of four relevant processes are dealt with.
Cytokines and other biologic agents as immunotherapeutics for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (2002)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a group of skin-invasive malignancies of clonally derived T lymphocytes. Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, characterized by the proliferation of CD4+ T cells, are the most common forms of CTCL. Among these latter disorders, the host antitumor response appears to play an important role in disease control. Thus, systemic therapeutic agents are used in an effort to augment the host antitumor response while selectively targeting the malignant cells. Both new and old biologic response-modifying treatment options currently used to treat CTCL are reviewed.
Modulation of fibronectin-mediated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin attachment to murine bladder mucosa by drugs influencing the coagulation pathways. (1991)

Adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has proved to be an effective treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Intraluminal attachment of BCG organisms via binding to the extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin (FN), appears to be required for expression of the antitumor efficacy of BCG against a murine bladder tumor. Initial studies demonstrated that radiolabeled FN localized to the acutely injured urothelium but not to intact urothelium. These studies also demonstrated that exogenous administration of FN enhanced BCG attachment to the injured but not to the intact urothelium. Because FN has been shown to be an integral part of clot formation at sites of urothelial injury, drugs known to affect fibrin clot formation were tested for their effects on BCG attachment and antitumor efficacy in a murine bladder tumor model. A stabilizer of fibrin clot formation was shown to enhance both BCG attachment and antitumor efficacy in the same model. An increased number of BCG organisms were also retained in the lymph nodes and spleens of mice receiving fibrin clot stabilizers, suggesting indirectly that immunological mechanisms are involved in the antitumor efficacy of BCG. The data presented herein provide further support for the hypothesis that BCG attachment to the injured bladder is mediated by FN. Furthermore, modulation of BCG-FN attachment is demonstrated to be possible with drugs influencing the coagulation pathway. This attachment is shown to be required for the antitumor efficacy in a murine bladder tumor model, and thus modulation of BCG-FN attachment appears to have significant influence on the antitumor efficacy of BCG in the murine bladder tumor model.
Privacy-preserving logical vector clocks using secure computation techniques (2007)

Systems of logical clocks are commonly found in distributed systems for establishing causality between events occurring in concurrent communicating processes. Vector clocks are a popular type of logical clocks which require processes to attach to each message a logical timestamp that contains information about the sender process's view of the state of the distributed computation at the time of message sending. Causality between two events can then be determined by comparing their two logical timestamps. However, by doing so, processes leak potentially sensitive information about the advancement of their computation and the computations performed by the processes they communicate with. The contribution presented in this paper is a protocol, based on secure computation techniques, which preserves the privacy of each process's local logical clock while being strictly equivalent to regular vector clocks.
Tracking adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (2006)

Active image stabilization for an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) was developed and tested in 
human subjects. The tracking device, a high speed, closed-loop optical servo which uses retinal features as tracking target, is separate from AOSLO optical path. The tracking system and AOSLO beams are combined via a dichroic beam 
splitter in front of the eye. The primary tracking system galvanometer mirrors follow the motion of the eye. The AOSLO raster is stabilized by a secondary set of galvanometer mirrors in the AOSLO optical train which are slaved 
to the primary mirrors with fixed scaling factors to match the angular gains of the optical systems. The AO system (at 
830 nm) uses a MEMS-based deformable mirror (Boston Micromachines Inc.) for wave-front correction. The third 
generation retinal tracking system achieves a bandwidth of greater than 1 kHz allowing acquisition of stabilized AO 
images with an accuracy of <10 μm. However, such high tracking bandwidth, required for tracking saccades, results in 
finite tracking position noise which is evident in AOSLO images. By means of filtering algorithms, the AOSLO raster is 
made to follow the eye accurately with reduced tracking noise artifacts. The system design includes simultaneous presentation of non-AO, wide-field (~40 deg) live reference image captured with a line scanning laser ophthalmoscope 
(LSLO) typically operating from 900 to 940nm. High-magnification (1-2 deg) AOSLO retinal scans easily positioned 
on the retina in a drag-and-drop manner. Normal adult human volunteers were tested to optimize the tracking 
instrumentation and to characterize AOSLO imaging performance. Automatic blink detection and tracking re-lock, 
enabling reacquisition without operator intervention, were also tested. The tracking-enhanced AOSLO may become a 
useful tool for eye research and for early detection and treatment of retinal diseases.
Lens Design of Wide-Angle Lenses with an Aspherical Surface (1994)

The application of aspherical surfaces in camera lens started over twenty years ago. Many people suggested and executed many ideas regarding the application of aspherical surfaces. One of the ideas is that the application decreases the value of the F No. The example of the applications is a pick-up-lens that picks up information on a disk using the optical method. In this paper, we discuss the application of aspherical surfaces in wide angle lenses with a large back focus for reflex cameras. The application mainly corrects distortion in the lens designs. An object of the present paper is to show an inverse telescopic wide angle lens capable of simplifying the lens configuration thereby reducing the dimension of lens, correcting various aberrations in satisfactory manner, and still extending the back focus.
Super-compact shared-cache memories with low power consumption for multi-issue single chip processors (2000)

On-chip shared-cache memories with high access-bandwidth are desirable for single-chip processors with parallel execution capability of multiple instructions. For this application a new area-efficient hierarchical architecture [1,2] is ideally suited, because the necessary large storage capacities as well as sufficiently low power consumption can be realised in addition to the high access-bandwidth. A 4-port hierarchical SRAM with 32 Kbit storage-capacity was fabricated in a 0.5µm CMOS technology as a test-chip for the data-storage part of the cache. The chip is completely functional and could realise the predicted area reduction. A conventional 4- port SRAM in the same technology would already consume 36% more area for just the 4-port storage cells without any peripheral circuits. Power-consumption is proportional to the port number, but increases very slowly as a function of storage capacity.
Optimal Re-encryption Strategy for Joins in Encrypted Databases (2013)

In order to perform a join in a deterministically, adjustably encrypted database one has to re-encrypt at least one column. The problem is to select that column that will result in the minimum number of re-encryptions even under an unknown schedule of joins. Naive strategies may perform too many or even infinitely many re-encryptions. We provide two strategies that allow for a much better performance. In particular the asymptotic behavior is O(n 3/2) resp. O(n logn) re-encryptions for n columns. We show that there can be no algorithm better than O(n logn). We further extend our result to element-wise re-encryptions and show experimentally that our algorithm results in the optimal cost in 41% of the cases.
MAC Support for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (2009)

A wide range of applications such as disaster management, military, and security have fueled interest in sensor networks in recent years. Since the employed sensor nodes often are significantly constrained in their onboard energy, most of the research work, including that on medium access control (MAC) protocols, has focused on optimizing energy consumptions and cared less about data delivery latency. However, employing advanced video and audio sensing devices needs special attention to quality of service requirements associated with multimedia data. This paper presents MAQ, a novel Medium Arbitration scheme for supporting QoS traffic over a single communication channel. MAQ decentralizes the control of the communication resources and fully integrates TDMA and CSMA/CA schemes for medium access. The main objective of MAQ is to ensure predictable delay and fair access for the nodes while achieving high channel utilization and network throughput. The simulation experiments confirm the effectiveness of MAQ.
In(Ga)N Nanowire Heterostructures and Optoelectronic Device Applications (2011)

Significant developments have been made in III-nitride compound semiconductor nanowire heterostructures. This paper provides an overview on the recent progress of III-nitride nanowire heterostructures and their emerging device applications. The growth mechanisms of III-nitride nanowires are first described, followed by a review of the structural, electrical, and optical properties of In(Ga)N nanowires. The use of III-nitride nanowires to realize functional photonic devices, including light emitting diodes, lasers, solar cells, and sensors are also briefly described, with special attention paid to the emerging nanowire LEDs for applications in solid state lighting. Keywords: III-nitride nanowires, nanowire growth, light emitting diodes, optoelectronics, solid state lighting, nanotechnology, conductivity, nanowires, photodetectors, InGaN
Multi-dimensional LDPC-coded modulation for high-speed optical communication systems (2009)

We propose a multi-dimensional LDPC-coded-modulation-scheme to achieve high-transmission rates of 320 Gb/s and beyond. This scheme utilizes currently-available commercial components operating at 40 Giga-symbols/s, and can reach 400 Gb/s aggregate rate with a coding gain of 10.75 dB.
Halide Perovskites: Recent Advances in Optoelectronic Properties from Atomic Scale Modelling (2018)

This work was granted access to the HPC resources of [TGCC/CINES/IDRIS] under the allocation 2017-A0010907682 made by GENCI. The work was conducted, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science user facility.
Adaptive traffic-shaping (2008)

Bounding the transmission latency of a priority flow with a standard traffic-shaper is typically accomplished by applying worst-case analysis. The network designer-often having limited detailed knowledge of the application data, its host protocol configuration, and full network path overhead-rightfully assumes maximum protocol overhead, largest possible data load, zero-gain compression, etc. The consequence of this practice is a catastrophic impact on traffic that competes with the priority flow under anemic network conditions. The work presented here provides an alternative to static traffic-shaping that guarantees bandwidth availability to priority flows while minimizing their impact on competing traffic. An adaptive traffic-shaper implements algorithms that perform online analysis of the stochastic character of network traffic and ldquolearnsrdquo to optimize total quality of service while respecting transmission constraints on priority flows.