gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tensor displays (2012)

We introduce tensor displays: a family of light field displays comprising all stacked display architectures employing light-attenuating layers illuminated by uniform or directional backlighting (i.e., any low-resolution light field emitter). Tensor displays include the capability to time-multiplex content across frames on each of the layers to improve image quality. We show that the light field emitted by an N-layer, M-frame tensor display can be represented by an Nth-order, rank-M tensor. In a related technical paper submission, we use this representation to introduce a unified optimization framework, based on nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF), encompassing all tensor display architectures (see supplementary supporting document). In this emerging technologies demonstration, we show both static, printed tensor displays, and dynamic LCD-based systems, providing wide field-of-view, bright, high-resolution, glasses-free 3D display.
A Physical Design Flow Against Front-Side Probing Attacks by Internal Shielding (2019)

Security-critical applications on integrated circuits (ICs) are threatened by probing attacks that extract sensitive information assisted with focused ion beam (FIB)-based circuit edit. Existing countermeasures, such as active shield, analog shield, and t-private circuit, have proven to be inefficient and provide limited resistance against probing attacks without taking FIB capabilities into consideration. In this article, we propose an FIB-aware anti-probing physical design flow, which considers FIB capabilities and utilizes computer-aided design (CAD) tools, to automatically reduce the probing attack vulnerability of an IC's security-critical nets with minimal extra design effort. The floor-planning and routing of the design are constrained by incorporating three new steps in the conventional physical design flow, so that security-critical nets are protected by internal shield nets with low overhead. Results show that the proposed technique can reduce the vulnerable area exposed to probing on security-critical nets by 100% with all critical nets fully protected for both advanced encryption standard (AES) and data encryption standard (DES) modules. The timing, area, and power overheads are less than 3% per module, which would be negligible in a system-on-chip (SoC) design.
Synthesis and antischistosomal activity of certain pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (1981)

Several 7-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (1-21), 7-mercaptopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (37-49), and 4-alkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ones (50-55) and the corresponding 4-alkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-thiones (56-60) were synthesized and tested for antischistosomal activity against Schistosoma mansoni. Of the compounds examined, the greatest degree of activity in vitro was found with the 7-mercaptopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. In particular, compounds 37 and 47 proved lethal at 100 micrograms/mL after an exposure of only 1 h. The 7-hydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidines were not as active. None of the compounds exhibiting in vitro activity were active against S. mansoni in vivo.
Network performance monitoring at small time scales (2003)

SNMP statistics are usually collected over intervals of 5 minutes and correspond to average activity of IP links and network elements for the duration of the interval. Nevertheless, reports of traffic performance across periods of minutes can mask out performance degradation due to short-lived events, such as micro-congestion episodes, that manifest themselves at smaller time scales. In this paper we perform a measurement study of packet traces collected inside the Sprint IP network to identify the time scales over which micro-congestion episodes occur. We characterize these episodes with respect to their amplitude, frequency and duration. We define a new performance metric that could be easily computed by a router and reported every 5 minutes through SNMP to shed light into the micro-behavior of the carried traffic. We show that the proposed performance metric is well suited to track the time scales over which micro-congestion episodes occur, and may be useful for a variety of network provisioning tasks.
Transmission mode adaptive beamforming for planar phased arrays and its application to 3D ultrasonic transcranial imaging (2013)

A new adaptive beamforming method for accurately focusing ultrasound behind highly scattering layers of human skull and its application to 3D transcranial imaging via small-aperture planar phased arrays are reported. Due to its undulating, inhomogeneous, porous, and highly attenuative structure, human skull bone severely distorts ultrasonic beams produced by conventional focusing methods in both imaging and therapeutic applications. Strong acoustical mismatch between the skull and brain tissues, in addition to the skull's undulating topology across the active area of a planar ultrasonic probe, could cause multiple reflections and unpredictable refraction during beamforming and imaging processes. Such effects could significantly deflect the probe's beam from the intended focal point. Presented here is a theoretical basis and simulation results of an adaptive beamforming method that compensates for the latter effects in transmission mode, accompanied by experimental verification. The probe is a custom-designed 2 MHz, 256-element matrix array with 0.45 mm element size and 0.1mm kerf. Through its small footprint, it is possible to accurately measure the profile of the skull segment in contact with the probe and feed the results into our ray tracing program. The latter calculates the new time delay patterns adapted to the geometrical and acoustical properties of the skull phantom segment in contact with the probe. The time delay patterns correct for the refraction at the skull-brain boundary and bring the distorted beam back to its intended focus. The algorithms were implemented on the ultrasound open-platform ULA-OP (developed at the University of Florence).
Spatial windowing for correlation filter based visual tracking (2016)

Correlation filters have been extensively studied to address online visual object tracking task, while achieving favourable performance against the-state-of-the-art methods in various benchmark datasets. Nevertheless, undesired conditions, i.e. partial occlusions or abrupt deformations of the object appearance, severely degrade the performance of correlation filter based tracking methods. To this end, we propose a method for estimating a spatial window for the object observation such that the correlation output of the correlation filter and the windowed observation (i.e. element-wise multiplication of the window and the observation) is improved, especially in these adverse conditions. This approach leads to a performance uplift in the tracking result compared to the classical windowing operation. Moreover, the estimated spatial window of the object patch indicates the object regions that are useful for correlation. We observe a considerable amount of performance increase in the benchmark video sequences by using the proposed visual tracking method.
Glycoprotein IV of bovine herpesvirus 1-expressing cell line complements and rescues a conditionally lethal viral mutant (1992)

Glycoprotein IV (gIV) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), a homolog of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, represents a major component of the viral envelope and a dominant immunogen. To analyze the functional role of gIV during BHV-1 replication, cell line BUIV3-7, which constitutively expresses gIV, was constructed and used for the isolation of gIV- BHV-1 mutant 80-221, in which the gIV gene was replaced by a lacZ expression cassette. On complementing gIV-expressing cells, the gIV- BHV-1 replicated normally but was unable to form plaques and infectious progeny on noncomplementing cells. Further analysis showed that gIV is essential for BHV-1 entry into target cells, whereas viral gene expression, DNA replication, and envelopment appear unchanged in both noncomplementing and complementing cells infected with phenotypically complemented gIV- BHV-1. The block in entry could be overcome by polyethylene glycol-induced membrane fusion. After passaging of gIV- BHV-1 on complementing cells, a rescued variant, BHV-1res, was isolated and shown to underexpress gIV in comparison with its wild-type parent. Comparison of the penetration kinetics of BHV-1 wild type, phenotypically complemented gIV- BHV-1, and BHV-1res indicated that penetration efficiency correlated with the amount of gIV present in virus particles. In conclusion, we show that gIV of BHV-1 is an essential component of the virion involved in virus entry and that the amount of gIV in the viral envelope modulates the penetration efficiency of the virus.
High level resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes conferred by the use of a novel anti-microbial peptide (2011)

Fungi and oomycete-borne plant disease constitute the largest limiting factor for crop productivity and yields both in Cuba and worldwide. Vast amounts of fungicidal chemicals have to be spent every year for their control, despite considerable environmental damage and the risk such chemicals pose for human health. Searching for biotechnological disease control alternatives is, therefore, a priority of current research on this subject. Plant defensins are small cysteine-rich peptides forming part of the defense mechanisms of plants that inhibit the growth of a wide range of phytopathogenic microorganisms. The present work describes a new cDNA coding for a defensin, isolated by looking at genes induced by the inoculation of Nicotiana megalosiphon with Peronospora hyoscyami f. sp. tabacina, the causative pathogen of tobacco blue mould. NmDef02, the isolated gene, was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and the purified recombinant protein exhibited a strong anti-microbial activity to major fungal and oomycetal plant pathogens. In addition, the constitutive expression of the NmDef02 gene in transgenic tobacco and potato plants increased their resistance to economically important diseases.
Study of Using Oxygen-Enriched Combustion Air for Locomotive Diesel Engines (2000)

A thermodynamic simulation is used to study the effects of oxygen-enriched intake air on the performance and nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions of a locomotive diesel engine. The parasitic power of the air separation membrane required to supply the oxygen-enriched air is also estimated. For a given constraint on peak cylinder pressure, the gross and net power output of an engine operating under different levels of oxygen enrichment are compared with those obtained when a high-boost turbocharged engine is used. A 4 percent increase in peak cylinder pressure can result in an increase in net engine power of approximately 10 percent when intake air with an oxygen content of 28 percent by volume is used and fuel injection timing is retarded by 4 degrees. When the engine is turbocharged to a higher inlet boost, the same increase in peak cylinder pressure can improve power by only 4 percent. If part of the significantly higher exhaust enthalpies available as a result of oxygen enrichment is recovered, the power requirements of the air separator membrane can be met, resulting in substantial net power improvements. Oxygen enrichment with its attendant higher combustion temperatures, reduces emissions of particulates and visible smoke but increases NO emissions (by up to three times at 26 percent oxygen content). Therefore, exhaust gas after-treatment and heat recovery would be required if the full potential of oxygen enrichment for improving the performance of locomotive diesel engines is to be realized.
Identification of Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Constructs with Synergistic Staphylolytic Activity in Cow's Milk (2017)

Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) have been suggested as novel therapeutics for the treatment of bovine mastitis. However, activity in the presence of cow's milk is an important requirement for drugs administered into the bovine udder. We have screened a library of >170 recombinant PGHs, including engineered bacteriophage endolysins, for enzymes with activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in milk, using a microtiter plate-based protocol. Nine suitable PGH constructs were identified by this approach and further compared in time-kill assays for their efficacy against <i>S. aureus</i> in heat-treated milk. The three most active enzymes (lysostaphin, Ami2638A, and CHAPK_CWT-LST) reduced <i>S. aureus</i> in milk to undetectable numbers within minutes at nanomolar concentrations. Due to their different peptidoglycan cleavage sites, these PGH constructs revealed synergistic activity in most combinations, as demonstrated by checkerboard assays, spot assays, and time-kill experiments. Furthermore, they proved active against a selection of staphylococcal mastitis isolates from different geographical regions when applied individually or in synergistic combination. The most effective PGH combination completely eradicated <i>S. aureus</i> from milk, with no more bacteria being detected within 24 h after addition of the enzymes, corresponding to a reduction of >9 log units compared to the control. Efficacy was also retained at different inoculum levels (3 versus 6 log CFU/ml) and when <i>S. aureus</i> was grown in milk as opposed to broth prior to the experiments. In raw cow's milk, CHAPK_CWT-LST showed reduced efficacy, whereas both Ami2638A and lysostaphin retained their activity, reducing bacterial numbers by >3.5 log units within 3 h.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Staphylococci and <i>S. aureus</i> in particular are a major cause of bovine mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland in cows associated with high costs and risks for consumers of milk products. <i>S. aureus</i>-induced mastitis, commonly treated by intramammary infusion of antibiotics, is characterized by low cure rates and increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Therefore, alternative treatment options are highly desirable. PGHs, including bacteriophage endolysins, rapidly and specifically kill selected pathogens by degrading their cell wall and are refractory to resistance development, therefore holding promise as novel antibacterial agents. This study employed a screening approach to identify PGH constructs with high staphylolytic activity in cow's milk within a large collection of enzymes. Our results suggest that the most promising enzymes identified by this strategy hold potential as novel mastitis therapeutics and support their further characterization in animal models.
Segmentation of heart sound recordings by a duration-dependent hidden Markov model (2010)

Digital stethoscopes offer new opportunities for computerized analysis of heart sounds. Segmentation of heart sound recordings into periods related to the first and second heart sound (S1 and S2) is fundamental in the analysis process. However, segmentation of heart sounds recorded with handheld stethoscopes in clinical environments is often complicated by background noise. A duration-dependent hidden Markov model (DHMM) is proposed for robust segmentation of heart sounds. The DHMM identifies the most likely sequence of physiological heart sounds, based on duration of the events, the amplitude of the signal envelope and a predefined model structure. The DHMM model was developed and tested with heart sounds recorded bedside with a commercially available handheld stethoscope from a population of patients referred for coronary arterioangiography. The DHMM identified 890 S1 and S2 sounds out of 901 which corresponds to 98.8% (CI: 97.8-99.3%) sensitivity in 73 test patients and 13 misplaced sounds out of 903 identified sounds which corresponds to 98.6% (CI: 97.6-99.1%) positive predictivity. These results indicate that the DHMM is an appropriate model of the heart cycle and suitable for segmentation of clinically recorded heart sounds.
Simultaneous three-dimensional geometry and color texture acquisition using a single color camera (2008)

A novel technique that uses a single color camera to capture high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) geometry and the perfectly aligned color texture simultaneously is discussed. A projector projects three phase-shifted black-and-white fringe patterns onto the object, and a color camera captures the fringe images reflected by the object. From these three fringe images, both 3-D shape and the color texture are obtained. Moreover, since only three fringe images are required, this proposed technique permits real-time 3-D shape measurement. Experiments are presented to demonstrate the success of this technique.
Automated Cytogenetic Biodosimetry at Population-Scale (2019)

Abstract Introduction The dicentric chromosome (DC) assay accurately quantifies exposure to radiation, however manual and semi-automated assignment of DCs has limited its use for a potential large-scale radiation incident. The Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier and Dose Estimator Chromosome (ADCI) software automates unattended DC detection and determines radiation exposures, fulfilling IAEA criteria for triage biodosimetry. We present high performance ADCI (ADCI-HT), with the requisite throughput to stratify exposures of populations in large scale radiation events. Methods ADCI-HT streamlines dose estimation by optimal scheduling of DC detection, given that the numbers of samples and metaphase cell images in each sample vary. A supercomputer analyzes these data in parallel, with each processor handling a single image at a time. Processor resources are managed hierarchically to maximize a constant stream of sample and image analysis. Metaphase data from populations of individuals with clinically relevant radiation exposures after simulated large nuclear incidents were analyzed. Sample counts were derived from US Census data. Analysis times and exposures were quantified for 15 different scenarios. Results Processing of metaphase images from 1,744 samples (500 images each) used 16,384 CPUs and was completed in 1hr 11min 23sec, with radiation dose of all samples determined in 32 sec with 1,024 CPUs. Processing of 40,000 samples with varying numbers of metaphase cells, 10 different exposures from 5 different biodosimetry labs met IAEA accuracy criteria (dose estimate differences were < 0.5 Gy; median = 0.07) and was completed in ~25 hours. Population-scale metaphase image datasets within radiation contours of nuclear incidents were defined by exposure levels (either >1 Gy or >2 Gy). The time needed to analyze samples of all individuals receiving exposures from a high yield airborne nuclear device ranged from 0.6-7.4 days, depending on the population density. Conclusion ADCI-HT delivers timely and accurate dose estimates in a simulated population-scale radiation incident.
Modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 with a natural killer cell-restricted sulfated lactosamine creates an alternate ligand for L-selectin (2000)

Natural killer (NK) cells are components of the innate immune system that can recognize and kill virally infected cells, tumor cells, and allogeneic cells without prior sensitization. NK cells also elaborate cytokines (e.g., interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and chemokines (e.g., macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha) that promote the acquisition of antigen-specific immunity. NK cell differentiation is accompanied by the cell surface expression of a mucin-like glycoprotein bearing an NK cell-restricted keratan sulfate-related lactosamine carbohydrate, the PEN5 epitope. Here, we report that PEN5 is a post-translational modification of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). The PEN5 epitope creates on PSGL-1 a unique binding site for L-selectin, which is independent of PSGL-1 tyrosine sulfation. On the surface of NK cells, the expression of PEN5 is coordinated with the disappearance of L-selectin and the up-regulation of Killer cell Ig-like Receptors (KIR). These results indicate that NK cell differentiation is accompanied by the acquisition of a unique carbohydrate, PEN5, that can serve as part of a combination code to deliver KIR(+) NK cells to specific tissues.
Fundamental properties of fluoropolyether‐based resins and related coatings (1996)

Abstract New fluoropolyether polyolic resins are presented suitable to be cured with conventional hardeners as polyisocyanates or melamines. These resins are prepared by addition of fluoropolyether macrodiols (Fomblin® ZDOLTX) of various molecular weights to isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to give oligomeric NCO‐terminated prepolymers. The final hydroxy functionality is obtained by the reaction of those prepolymers with trimethylolpropane (TMP). The viscosity of the resins is measured at various concentrations (weight fraction 0.8 – 0.4) and temperatures (T = 25–65°C). The results are discussed in terms of the Erickson equation (η vs. concentration) and using the WLF and Arrhenius models (η vs. T). The thermal behavior is studied by DSC for both the resins and cured films indicating the presence of two T g s, corresponding to the segregated fluorinated and hydrogenated phases, the former particularly evident with the highest molecular weights of the fluorinated macromer. Tensile curves of selfsupported films are then analyzed showing an evident tough‐plastic behavior especially for the isocyanate‐cured films. The application of such materials as high‐durability clear coats is finally proposed.
Current Pharmacotherapy Practices for Cocaine Abuse (1991)

AbstractAt the April 1990 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), a symposium was presented on pharmacologic treatments for cocaine addiction. The focus of this symposium was the use of various pharmacologic agents in the treatment of cocaine withdrawal and craving, and the presentation of pharmacologic theories which might explain their usefulness. The symposium was attended by approximately 100 physicians and other clinicians working in the field of addiction medicine.
Antitumor Agents. 150. 2',3',4',5',5,6,7-Substituted 2-Phenyl-4-quinolones and Related Compounds: Their Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization (1994)

As part of our continuing search for potential anticancer drug candidates in the 2-phenyl-4-quinolone series, we have synthesized a series of 6,7-methylenedioxy-substituted and unsubstituted 2-phenyl-4-quinolones, as well as related compounds. Their in vitro inhibition of human tumor cell lines and tubulin polymerization is reported. In general, a good correlation was found between cytotoxicity and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Compounds 7, 9, 13, 16, 22, 23, 36, and 37 showed potent inhibitory effects in both assays. All rigid analogs (47-49) and trimethoxy-substituted compounds showed little or no activity. Substitution at the 4'-position also resulted in compounds with little or no activity, except for hydroxyl or methyl groups at this position. Further investigation is underway to determine if substitution at the 3'-position will result in compounds with increased activity.