gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
μ-Conotoxin PIIIA, a New Peptide for Discriminating among Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Na Channel Subtypes (1998)

We report the characterization of a new sodium channel blocker, mu-conotoxin PIIIA(mu-PIIIA). The peptide has been synthesized chemically and its disulfide bridging pattern determined. The structure of the new peptide is: [sequence: see text] where Z = pyroglutamate and O = 4-trans-hydroxyproline. We demonstrate that Arginine-14 (Arg14) is a key residue; substitution by alanine significantly decreases affinity and results in a toxin unable to block channel conductance completely. Thus, like all toxins that block at Site I, mu-PIIIA has a critical guanidinium group. This peptide is of exceptional interest because, unlike the previously characterized mu-conotoxin GIIIA (mu-GIIIA), it irreversibly blocks amphibian muscle Na channels, providing a useful tool for synaptic electrophysiology. Furthermore, the discovery of mu-PIIIA permits the resolution of tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium channels into three categories: (1) sensitive to mu-PIIIA and mu-conotoxin GIIIA, (2) sensitive to mu-PIIIA but not to mu-GIIIA, and (3) resistant to mu-PIIIA and mu-GIIIA (examples in each category are skeletal muscle, rat brain Type II, and many mammalian CNS subtypes, respectively). Thus, mu-conotoxin PIIIA provides a key for further discriminating pharmacologically among different sodium channel subtypes.
Novel concept of sub-picosecond timing system and its applications in fundamental metrology (2011)

We are presenting a novel concept of the time interval measurement which uses a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter as a time interpolator. Based on our previous results we have designed and constructed a timing device which allows registration of times of arrival of pulses with a single shot precision of 800 fs RMS, the time interpolation nonlinearity bellow 200 fs, and the stability in sense of TDEV <;10 fs for averaging times from 300 s to 3000 s. Two identical timing devices above have been used in an experiment, in which the frequency outputs of two Hydrogen masers were compared. The experiment proofed that one of possible applications of the timing device is a comparison of high performance low-noise frequency sources and measurement of their frequency stability in the time-domain. The noise background of the timing system was negligible for averaging intervals on the order of 100 ms and longer.
Hand and finger registration for multi-touch joysticks on software-based operator control units (2011)

Robot control typically requires many physical joysticks, buttons, and switches. Taking inspiration from video game controllers, we have created a Dynamically Resizing, Ergonomic, and Multi-touch (DREAM) controller to allow for the development of a software-based operator control unit (SoftOCU). The DREAM Controller is created wherever a person places his or her hand; thus we needed to develop an algorithm for accurate hand and finger registration. Tested with a set of 405 hands from 62 users, our algorithm correctly identified 97% of the hands.
Optimized miniature bio and chemical sensing system (2015)

A miniature surface plasmon resonance system for bio and chemical sensing is described based on several improvements in the substrates and the reading methodology. Recently we have developed several novel evanescent wave configurations that improve the performance of these sensors: (i) a self-referenced sensor based on enhanced optical transmission through metal nanoslits, (ii) a self-referenced ultra-large penetration depth SPR sensor, (iii) a TIR sensor in which the angular edge is converted into a dip with high figure of merit, (iv) a self-referenced SPR sensor based on thin dielectric grating on top of thin metal film, and (v) enahnced sensitivity by combining the metal film with high index dielectric layers. The self-referencing provides a more stable measurement compensated for thermal drifts and optomechanical instabilities, thus enabling a better detection limit. High penetration helps in detecting large bioentities more reliably such as bacteria and cells. Figure of merit is defined as the ratio between the sensitivity to the width of the resonance dip, hence its enhancement also improves the detection limit. Combining all these properties in one system together with a compact reading methodology using our diverging beam approach with unique image processing allows refractive index sensing limits down to 10-8. The system is provided with a built in software that monitors the refractive index or concentration in solutions continuously with response time as short as 16msec.
Enhancing the Sweetness of Yoghurt through Metabolic Remodeling of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (2016)

Based on a good understanding of the physiology of the lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, we were able, by selecting spontaneously occurring mutants, to change dramatically the metabolic products secreted into the growth medium. These mutants consume substantially more of the lactose, metabolize some of the galactose, and secrete the remaining galactose and most of the glucose back into the milk. This allows production of yoghurt with very low lactose levels and enhanced natural sweetness, because humans perceive glucose as sweeter than either lactose or galactose.
Anthrax Lethal Factor Protease Inhibitors:  Synthesis, SAR, and Structure-Based 3D QSAR Studies (2005)

We have recently identified a series of compounds that efficiently inhibit anthrax lethal factor (LF) metallo-protease. Here we present further structure-activity relationship and CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) studies on newly derived inhibitors. The obtained 3D QSAR model was subsequently compared with the X-ray structure of the complex between LF and a representative compound. Our studies form the basis for the rational design of additional compounds with improved activity and selectivity.
The Effect of Amplitude Modulation on the Axial Resolution of Doppler-Based Ultrasonic Topography Measurement (2016)

Ultrasonic Doppler-based systems for surface topography measurements are attractive alternatives to the transit-time-based methods. Sensors used in Doppler systems are less dependent on the speed of the sound in air, although contemporary Doppler measurement systems are sensitive to the amplitude variation of the received signal. Amplitude variation significantly affects the measurement accuracy when the surface axial displacement range is comparable with the ultrasonic wavelength. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the effect of amplitude modulation on the performance of the Doppler measurement techniques. A modified Doppler measurement system that significantly improves the measurement accuracy is also presented. The fabricated sensor has 72-μm measurement accuracy using 40-kHz transducers. This technique can also be employed in cost-effective displacement measurement applications that require high axial resolution.
Inhibiting the IGF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase with the cyclolignan PPP: an in vitro and in vivo study in the 5T33MM mouse model (2005)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a pleiotropic role in multiple myeloma (MM), that is, in survival, proliferation, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Strategies targeting the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) may therefore be important to develop efficient anti-MM agents. In this work we investigated the effect of an IGF-1R tyrosine kinase (IGF-1RTK) inhibitor (picropodophyllin or PPP) in the 5T33MM mouse model. In vitro data showed that PPP reduced IGF-1R autophosphorylation and downstream ERK activation, leading to inhibition of IGF-1-stimulated proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion of MM cells. In an in vivo study, PPP reduced the bone marrow tumor burden and serum paraprotein in 5T33MM mice by 77% and 90%, respectively, compared to vehicle-treated animals. Angiogenesis was assessed by quantifying the microvessel density on CD31-stained paraffin sections and this was reduced by 60% in the PPP-treated group. In a separate survival experiment, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant increase in survival in PPP-treated 5T33MM animals compared to the vehicle controls (28 versus 18 days). These data suggest that the IGF-1RTK inhibitor PPP possesses a marked antitumor activity and strongly points to the possibility of using IGF-1R inhibitors in the treatment of MM.
Determining the Radiometric Response Function from a Single Grayscale Image (2005)

A method is presented for computing the radiometric response function of a camera from a single grayscale image. While most previous techniques require a set of registered images with different exposures to obtain response data, our approach capitalizes on a statistical feature of graylevel histograms at edge regions to gain information for radio-metric calibration. Appropriate edge regions are automatically determined by our technique, and a prior model of radiometric response functions is employed to deal with incomplete data. With this single-image method, radiometric calibration becomes possible to perform in many instances where the camera is unknown.
Formation of a ZnS∕Zn(S,O) bilayer buffer on CuInS2 thin film solar cell absorbers by chemical bath deposition (2006)

The application of Zn compounds as buffer layers was recently extended to wide-gap CuInS2 (CIS) based thin film solar cells. Using an alternative chemical deposition route for the buffer preparation aiming at the deposition of a single-layer, nominal ZnS buffer without the need for any toxic reactants such as hydrazine has helped us to achieve a similar efficiency as respective CdS-buffered reference devices. In order to shed light on the differences of other Zn-compound buffers deposited in conventional chemical baths [chemical bath deposition (CBD)] compared to the buffer layers deposited by this alternative CBD process, the composition of the deposited buffers was investigated by x-ray excited Auger electron and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to potentially clarify their superiority in terms of device performance. We have found that in the early stages of this alternative CBD process a thin ZnS layer is formed on the CIS, whereas in the second half of the CBD the growth rate is greatly increased and Zn(S,O) with a ZnS∕(ZnS+ZnO) ratio of ∼80% is deposited. Thus, a ZnS∕Zn(S,O) bilayer buffer is deposited on the CIS thin film solar cell absorbers by the alternative chemical deposition route used in this investigation. No major changes of these findings after a postannealing of the buffer/CIS sample series and recharacterization could be identified.
Premature silent workflow termination in publicly posted composite documents (2011)

Publicly Posted Composite Documents (PPCDs) address the problem of composite documents with different formats and varied sensitivity participating in cross-organizational workflows distributed over potentially non-secure channels. An early version of the PPCD, however, is susceptible to silent workflow termination, wherein a document shipped by one workflow participant is never received by the subsequent participant, causing the workflow to terminate without notification. In the current paper, we extend the PPCD solution to provide an early detection mechanism for a potential workflow termination, to provide workflow recovery procedures, and to provide for the often mandatory document logging and audit information.
Cold Modelling of an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Membrane Reactor (2007)

A novel fluidized bed membrane reactor with internal catalyst circulation is being developed for the production of high-purity H2 from an autothermal reformer. In order to provide guidance to pilot reactor testing, a cold model was built to study the influence of reactor configuration on hydrodynamics and catalyst circulation. It was found that catalyst circulation was reproducible, but that parallel non-communicating flow channels could lead to flow instability. Solids circulation was found to be adequate for design of the autothermal reformer.
Optically responsive supramolecular polymer glasses (2016)

The reversible and dynamic nature of non-covalent interactions between the constituting building blocks renders many supramolecular polymers stimuli-responsive. This was previously exploited to create thermally and optically healable polymers, but it proved challenging to achieve high stiffness and good healability. Here we present a glass-forming supramolecular material that is based on a trifunctional low-molecular-weight monomer ((UPyU)3TMP). Carrying three ureido-4-pyrimidinone (UPy) groups, (UPyU)3TMP forms a dynamic supramolecular polymer network, whose properties are governed by its cross-linked architecture and the large content of the binding motif. This design promotes the formation of a disordered glass, which, in spite of the low molecular weight of the building block, displays typical polymeric behaviour. The material exhibits a high stiffness and offers excellent coating and adhesive properties. On account of reversible dissociation and the formation of a low-viscosity liquid upon irradiation with ultraviolet light, rapid optical healing as well as (de)bonding on demand is possible.
Fecal MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Colon Cancer Screening (2010)

Fecal miRNAs may be an excellent candidate for the development of a noninvasive screening test for colorectal neoplasms.
<title>Forced diffusion thermography</title> (1993)

A new thermographic technique, Forced-Diffusion Thermography (FDT), is described. Forced-Diffusion Thermography uses a continuously projected dynamic heat pattern to set up appropriate combinations of lateral and through-depth heat flow in structures. A synchronous imaging IR camera is used to measure the structures thermal response to a patterned heat flux in order to find flaws such as cracks and delaminations. A numerical model of the technique is used to describe the thermal responses to cracks and delaminations. Experimental data is presented for the case of a fatigue crack in a 2 mm thick aluminum skin.
Enhancing Evolutionary Conversion Rate Optimization via Multi-armed Bandit Algorithms (2018)

Conversion rate optimization means designing web interfaces such that more visitors perform a desired action (such as register or purchase) on the site. One promising approach, implemented in Sentient Ascend, is to optimize the design using evolutionary algorithms, evaluating each candidate design online with actual visitors. Because such evaluations are costly and noisy, several challenges emerge: How can available visitor traffic be used most efficiently? How can good solutions be identified most reliably? How can a high conversion rate be maintained during optimization? This paper proposes a new technique to address these issues. Traffic is allocated to candidate solutions using a multi-armed bandit algorithm, using more traffic on those evaluations that are most useful. In a best-arm identification mode, the best candidate can be identified reliably at the end of evolution, and in a campaign mode, the overall conversion rate can be optimized throughout the entire evolution process. Multi-armed bandit algorithms thus improve performance and reliability of machine discovery in noisy real-world environments.
<i>In vitro</i> studies on antioxidant activity of lignans isolated from sesame cake extract (2005)

Abstract The antioxidant activity of compounds isolated from a methanolic extract of commercial sesame cake was studied using a peroxidation model and a radical‐scavenging method. Pure compounds were isolated from the extract by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified and confirmed as sesamol, sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol diglucoside and sesaminol triglucoside by HPLC, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. When the rate of inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the superoxide radical‐scavenging power of the individual compounds were evaluated, the compounds showed antioxidant activity to different extents. The antioxidant activity of compounds by the β‐carotene‐bleaching assay followed the order sesamol > sesamolin ≥ sesamin > butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) > sesaminol triglucoside > sesaminol diglucoside. By the thiocyanate method the inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation shown by sesamol, sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol triglucoside, sesaminol diglucoside and BHT at 200 mg l −1 was 77, 60, 69, 32, 25 and 49% respectively. A concentration–dependent superoxide–scavenging effect was also shown by these compounds. Sesamolin had an appreciable effect at 300 and 500 mg l −1 , while the other compounds were more effective at 100 mg l −1 . The study also established the occurrence of sesamol in the methanolic extract of defatted sesame cake for the first time. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Heart Protection Using a New Approach - Antisense to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Mrna (2000)

P200 Introduction. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), plays a major role in many cardiovascular pathophysiological conditions, such as hypertension, heart failure and myocardial ischemia. Currently used ACE inhibitors have some adverse effects and non-compliance problem. Therefore, our lab has been developing an antisense approach to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system at the gene expression level. The present study had three aims: 1. Design antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) directed at ACE mRNA 2. Check tissue distribution of AS after iv injection 3. Test AS for heart protection in ischemia- reperfusion injury Methods. Epifluorescent and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting. Animals : mice, males, 20 g and Sprague-Dawley rats, males, 200-250 g. AS 5’ -ATTTCGTGGTGGG-3’ , inverted control (INV) 5’ -GGGTGGTGCTTTA-3’, phosphorothioates mixed with liposomes and injected iv 0.04 mg/mouse and 0.2 mg/rat. Captopril dose was 5 mg/kg. Isolated perfused heart function recordings : coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDP) and systolic pressures (LVSP). Results. Based on the rat ACE cDNA sequence, the AS was designed as 13-mer directed to the second zinc-binding domain (2998-3010 bp). Tissue distribution of phosphorothioated, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled AS, 4h after iv injection, showed its presence in the lung, spleen, liver and heart, but absence in the brain. Immunostaining of the parallel heart slices with anti sarcomeric alpha-actinin antibody indicated AS localization within cardiomyocytes. ACE AS injected iv to the rats 24 h before excising the heart, which was then subjected to 25 min ischemia and 30 min reperfusion, preserved heart function. Increase in CPP and LVEDP during reperfusion was attenuated by AS as compared to INV or saline treatment (n=8 in each group, p
Active noise control of multiple cooling fans. (2010)

Fans are used to dissipate heat from electronic devices to keep the components working properly but create noise as a byproduct. Multiple fans are often needed in computer servers and other types of electronic equipment to adequately cool them. The fan array increases the cooling rate but also increases the noise produced. In addition to the added noise, differences between fans due to manufacturing cause the fans to rotate at different speeds, creating an annoying beat frequency. Feed forward active noise control was studied for an exhaust mounted two fan array using near field error sensors and control speakers. The tonal noise content of the blade passage frequency and the first harmonic was controlled at the error sensors for each fan. The tonal noise content was also reduced in the far field and the beat frequency reduced.
A Full Homomorphic Message Authenticator with Improved Efficiency (2014)

In the system of a fully homomorphic message authenticator, anyone can make any computations based on authenticated data. At the same time, a short tag is produced to authenticate the result of the computation. Without the underlying data, the user can use his private key to verify this tag for ensuring that the claimed result is correct. Recent, Gennaro and Wichs use a fully homomorphic encryption to construct a fully homomorphic message authenticator. In this paper, we propose a fully homomorphic message authenticator with improve efficiency than Gennaro and Wichs's construction. Our fully homomorphic message authenticator is of less verification complexity than Gennaro and Wichs's construction.
Progressive Barcode Applications (2013)

Last year, we introduced the four-dimensional Progressive Barcode which is a printed mark that does not take up more real estate as it is used to advance a workflow. Adding progressive information to a barcode allows it to change through time—supporting many different information lifecycles. It is thus a means of using the same barcode location for multiple barcodes through time. In addition, progressive barcodes can be used to support two (or more) applications or services in the same object. One of these is typically Standards-compliant and the other is typically proprietary/customized.The key technological insight is that the progressive barcode effectively uses two planes of information. The first plane is binary, with high contrast between the two binary encoding (usually black and white) tiles in the barcode. The second is N-ary, and utilizes inks that are invisible to the binary barcode reading software. Typically this is accomplished with highly saturated colors, but it can also be incarnated with IR, UV or other “invisible” inks.In this paper, we will demonstrate the types of applications and services that are enabled by the progressive barcode. They are most effectively deployed when there are multiple types of information payloads needed for a single object—e.g. point of sale and customer interrogation of the product. This also makes them useful in a variety of document/physical item workflows.
Characterization of the chromosomal gene and promoter for human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5. (1994)

To better understand the regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) expression, we cloned the IGFBP-5 gene from human genomic libraries and identified a region in the 5' flanking sequence which functions as a promoter. The human IGFBP-5 gene is divided into four exons which, primarily due to a first intron of approximately 25 kilobases, span approximately 33 kilobases of DNA. Southern analysis identified a single copy of the IGFBP-5 gene in the haploid human genome, and several independent mapping strategies found this gene tightly linked with, and in opposite transcriptional orientation to, the IGFBP-2 gene at chromosomal region 2q33-34. Primer extension studies identified the IGFBP-5 mRNA cap site 772 base pairs (bp) 5' to the first nucleotide of the translation start codon. Analysis of the 5'-flanking sequence identified a potential TATA element beginning 33 bp 5' to the mRNA cap site. When a DNA fragment containing this cap site and 461 bp of upstream sequence was placed 5' to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene and transfected into MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells, it directed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in an orientation-specific manner, suggesting that this region contains elements essential for IGFBP-5 promoter activity.
Processing and Inversion Techniques for Multicomponent Induction Log Data (2001)

In this paper we present advanced processing and inversion techniques to derive horizontal and vertical<br>formation resistivities from multicomponent induction log data. This newly developed induction logging<br>tool (3DEXSM) is designed to identify and to delineate productive low-resistivity reservoirs frequently<br>encountered in hydrocarbon exploration.