gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes (2008)

This year, more than 1 million Americans and more than 10 million people worldwide are expected to be diagnosed with cancer, a disease commonly believed to be preventable. Only 5-10% of all cancer cases can be attributed to genetic defects, whereas the remaining 90-95% have their roots in the environment and lifestyle. The lifestyle factors include cigarette smoking, diet (fried foods, red meat), alcohol, sun exposure, environmental pollutants, infections, stress, obesity, and physical inactivity. The evidence indicates that of all cancer-related deaths, almost 25-30% are due to tobacco, as many as 30-35% are linked to diet, about 15-20% are due to infections, and the remaining percentage are due to other factors like radiation, stress, physical activity, environmental pollutants etc. Therefore, cancer prevention requires smoking cessation, increased ingestion of fruits and vegetables, moderate use of alcohol, caloric restriction, exercise, avoidance of direct exposure to sunlight, minimal meat consumption, use of whole grains, use of vaccinations, and regular check-ups. In this review, we present evidence that inflammation is the link between the agents/factors that cause cancer and the agents that prevent it. In addition, we provide evidence that cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes.
Portlets in Action (2011)

Summary Portlets in Action is a comprehensive, hands-on guide to building portlet-driven applications in Java. Covers Portlet 2.0, Spring 3.0 Portlet MVC, WSRP 2.0, Portlet Bridges, Ajax, Comet, Liferay, GateIn, Spring JDBC, and Hibernate. About the TechnologyPortlets are the small Java applications that run within a portal. Good portlets work independently and also communicate fluently with the portal, other portlets, as well as outside servers and information sources. Using Java's Portlet 2.0 API and portal servers like Liferay, you can build flexible, stable business portals without the design overhead required by other application styles. About the BookPortlets in Action is a comprehensive guide to building portlet-driven applications in Java. It teaches portlet development hands-on as you develop a portal that incorporates most key features of the Portlet 2.0 API. And because portals and portlets are so flexible, the accompanying source code can be easily adapted and reused. Along the way, you'll learn how to work with key web frameworks like Spring 3.0 Portlet MVC and DWR.Written for Java developers. No prior experience with portlets required What's InsideComplete coverage of the Portlet 2.0 API Spring 3.0 Portlet MVC and the Liferay portal server Portal design best practices Reusable source code================================ Table of ContentsPART 1 GETTING STARTED WITH PORTLET DEVELOPMENT Introducing portals and portlets The portlet lifecycle Portlet 2.0 API - portlet objects and container-runtime options Portlet 2.0 API - caching, security, and localization Building your own portal Using the portlet tag library PART 2 DEVELOPING PORTLETS USING SPRING AND HIBERNATE Getting started with Spring Portlet MVC Annotation-driven development with Spring Integrating portlets with databases PART 3 ADVANCED PORTLET DEVELOPMENT Personalizing portlets Communicating with other portlets Ajaxing portlets Reusable logic with portlet filters Portlet bridges Web Services for Remote Portlets (WSRP)
Surface Engineering of a LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Electrode Using Nanoscale Polymer Thin Films via Chemical Vapor Deposition Polymerization (2018)

Surface engineering is a critical technique for improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, we introduce a novel vapor-based technique, namely, chemical vapor deposition polymerization, that can engineer nanoscale polymer thin films with controllable thickness and composition on the surface of battery electrodes. This technique enables us to, for the first time, systematically compare the effects of a conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymer and an insulating poly(divinylbenzene) (PDVB) polymer on the performance of a LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrode in LIBs. Our results show that conducting PEDOT coatings improve both the rate and the cycling performance of LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrodes, whereas insulating PDVB coatings have little effect on these performances. The PEDOT coating increases 10 C rate capacity by 83% at 25 °C (from 23 to 42 mA h/g) and by 30% at 50 °C (from 64 to 83 mA h/g). Furthermore, the PEDOT coating extends the high-temperature (50 °C) cycling life of LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> by over 60%. A model is developed, which can precisely describe the capacity degradation exhibited by the different types of cells, based on the aging mechanisms of Mn dissolution and solid-electrolyte interphase growth. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggest that chemical or coordination bonds form between Mn in LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and O and S in the PEDOT film. These bonds stabilize the surface of LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and thus improve the cycling performance. In contrast, no bonds form between Mn and the elements in the PDVB film. We further demonstrate that this vapor-based technique can be extended to other cathodes for advanced LIBs.
Acid phosphatases purified from industrial waste mycelium of aspergillus niger used to produce citric acid (1990)

Abstract The waste mycelium of Aspergillus niger ‘Z’ used to produce citric acid was recognized as a rich source of intracellular acid phosphatases (E.C. 3.1.3.2.). Three forms of enzyme were isolated and purified 50–150 fold according to a procedure involving ammonium sulphate fractionation, Sephadex G‐200 gel chromatography, and DEAE‐cellulose ion‐exchange chromatography. The cytoplasmic form (80% of the whole activity) was found to have molecular weight 230000, ‘M ICHAELIS ’ constant 2.4 mM (when measured with pNPP), optimal temperature 60°C, pH optimum 1.8–3.0 and contained 30% of carbohydrate in the molecule. This form was able to hydrolyse pNPP, beta‐glycerophosphate, inorganic pyrophosphate, glucose‐6‐phosphate, phytate, compounds and phosvitin, but did not hydrolyse beta‐casein nor leeithin. One of two forms connected with the cell walls shown similar properties, whereas the other had molecular weight of 9500, ‘M ICHAELIS ’ constant 1.4 mM, pH optimum 5.0 and was much less thermostable.
A word-wide 1Mb ROM with error correction (1985)

A 1Mb ROM, organized as 64K×16b or 128K×8b, that uses address/data multiplexing fit into a 28-pin package, will be reported. Combining dynamic circuit techniques with a 1.5μ double-level metal CMOS process, a typical access time of 50ns has been achieved. On-chip error correction is also available by using a modified Hamming code.
HLA-Cw*0102-Restricted HIV-1 p24 Epitope Variants Can Modulate the Binding of the Inhibitory KIR2DL2 Receptor and Primary NK Cell Function (2012)

Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for Natural Killer (NK) cells in the control of HIV-1 infection. Recently, it was shown that NK cell-mediated immune pressure can result in the selection of HIV-1 escape mutations. A potential mechanism for this NK cell escape is the selection of HLA class I-presented HIV-1 epitopes that allow for the engagement of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), notably KIR2DL2. We therefore investigated the consequences of sequence variations within HLA-Cw*0102-restricted epitopes on the interaction of HLA-Cw*0102 with KIR2DL2 using a large panel of overlapping HIV-1 p24 Gag peptides. 217 decameric peptides spanning the HIV-1 p24 Gag consensus sequence were screened for HLA-Cw*0102 stabilization by co-incubation with Cw*0102⁺/TAP-deficient T2 cells using a flow cytometry-based assay. KIR2DL2 binding was assessed using a KIR2DL2-IgG fusion construct. Function of KIR2DL2⁺ NK cells was flow cytometrically analyzed by measuring degranulation of primary NK cells after co-incubation with peptide-pulsed T2 cells. We identified 11 peptides stabilizing HLA-Cw*0102 on the surface of T2 cells. However, only one peptide (p24 Gag₂₀₉₋₂₁₈ AAEWDRLHPV) allowed for binding of KIR2DL2. Notably, functional analysis showed a significant inhibition of KIR2DL2⁺ NK cells in the presence of p24 Gag₂₀₉₋₂₁₈-pulsed T2 cells, while degranulation of KIR2DL2⁻ NK cells was not affected. Moreover, we demonstrated that sequence variations in position 7 of this epitope observed frequently in naturally occurring HIV-1 sequences can modulate binding to KIR2DL2. Our results show that the majority of HIV-1 p24 Gag peptides stabilizing HLA-Cw*0102 do not allow for binding of KIR2DL2, but identified one HLA-Cw*0102-presented peptide (p24 Gag₂₀₉₋₂₁₈) that was recognized by the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR2DL2 leading to functional inhibition of KIR2DL2-expressing NK cells. Engagement of KIR2DL2 might protect virus-infected cells from NK cell-mediated lysis and selections of sequence polymorphisms that increase avidity to KIR2DL2 might provide a mechanism for HIV-1 to escape NK cell-mediated immune pressure.
Fast Hybrid String Matching Algorithm based on the Quick-Skip and Tuned Boyer-Moore Algorithms (2017)

The string matching problem is considered as one of the most interesting research areas in the computer science field because it can be applied in many essential different applications such as intrusion detection, search analysis, editors, internet search engines, information retrieval and computational biology. During the matching process two main factors are used to evaluate the performance of the string matching algorithm which are the total number of character comparisons and the total number of attempts. This study aims to produce an efficient hybrid exact string matching algorithm called Sinan Sameer Tuned Boyer Moore-Quick Skip Search (SSTBMQS) algorithm by blending the best features that were extracted from the two selected original algorithms which are Tuned Boyer-Moore and Quick-Skip Search. The SSTBMQS hybrid algorithm was tested on different benchmark datasets with different size and different pattern lengths. The sequential version of the proposed hybrid algorithm produces better results when compared with its original algorithms (TBM and Quick-Skip Search) and when compared with Maximum-Shift hybrid algorithm which is considered as one of the most recent hybrid algorithm. The proposed hybrid algorithm has less number of attempts and less number of character comparisons.
A derivative-free approach for the estimation of porosity and permeability using time-lapse seismic and production data (2010)

In this study, we apply a derivative-free optimization algorithm to estimate porosity and permeability from time-lapse seismic data and production data from a real reservoir (Norne field). In some circumstances, obtaining gradient information (exact and/or approximate) can be problematic e.g. derivatives are not available from a commercial simulator, or results are needed within a very short time frame. Derivative-free optimization approaches can be very time consuming because they often require many simulations. Typically, one iteration roughly needs as many simulations as the number of optimization variables. In this work, we propose two ways to significantly increase the efficiency of an optimization methodology in model inversion problems. First, by principal component analysis we decrease the number of optimization variables while keeping geostatistical consistency, and second, noticing that some optimization methods are very amenable to being parallelized, we apply them within a distributed computing framework. If we combine all this, the model inversion approach can be robust, fairly efficient and very simple to implement. In this paper, we apply the methodology to two cases: a semi-synthetic model with noisy data, and a case based entirely on field data. The results show that the derivative-free approach presented is robust against noise in the data.
Introduction of Femto Slider in Mobile Disk Drives (2004)

This paper introduces the first femto slider in a mobile disk drive. The use of femto sliders provide improvements in real estate utilization, power consumption, and shock resistance while maintaining comparable performance to pico in other attributes. The reduced size of the femto slider also improves manufacturing efficiency by increasing the number of devices per wafer.
Acylase-Catalyzed Deacetylation of Haloalkene-Derived Mercapturates (1999)

Mercapturates (S-substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteines) are terminal metabolites formed by the glutathione-dependent metabolism of electrophilic xenobiotics, including haloalkenes. Acylases catalyze the hydrolysis of N-acyl-L-amino acids, including many xenobiotic-derived mercapturates, to give fatty acids and amino acids as products. Although several acylases have been identified, the acylases that catalyze the deacetylation of the haloalkene-derived mercapturates have not been identified and characterized. Acylase I catalyzes the deacetylation of some haloalkene-derived mercapturates, including S-(1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine, S-(2-chloro-1,1, 2-trifluoroethyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and S-(2-bromo-1,1, 2-trifluoroethyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine [Uttamsingh, V., et al. (1998) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11, 800-809]. In the studies presented here, we identified a rat kidney acylase that catalyzed the hydrolysis of the haloalkene-derived mercapturates S-(1, 2-dichlorovinyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine, S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1, 3-butadienyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and S-(2,2-dibromo-1, 1-difluoroethyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The substrate selectivity and amino acid sequence of the purified rat kidney acylase were studied. Although the sequence of the purified rat kidney acylase was somewhat identical with that of aspartoacylase, it did not catalyze the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-L-aspartate.
Renovascular disease induces mitochondrial damage in swine scattered tubular cells (2019)

Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) contribute to repair neighboring injured renal tubular cells. Mitochondria mediate STC biology and function but might be injured by the ambient milieu. We hypothesized that the microenviroment induced by the ischemic and metabolic components of renovascular disease impairs STC mitochondrial structure and function in swine, which can be attenuated with mitoprotection. CD24<sup>+</sup>/CD133<sup>+</sup> STCs were quantified in pig kidneys after 16 wk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or lean diet (Lean) with or without concurrent renal artery stenosis (RAS) (<i>n</i> = 6 each). Pig STCs were isolated and characterized, and mitochondrial structure, membrane potential, and oxidative stress were assessed in cells untreated or incubated with the mitoprotective drug elamipretide (1 nM for 6 h). STC-protective effects were assessed in vitro by their capacity to proliferate and improve viability of injured pig tubular epithelial cells. The percentage of STCs was higher in MetS, Lean + RAS, and MetS + RAS kidneys compared with Lean kidneys. STCs isolated from Lean + RAS and MetS + RAS pigs showed mitochondrial swelling and decreased matrix density, which were both restored by mitoprotection. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production were reduced and production of reactive oxygen species elevated in MetS, Lean + RAS, and MetS + RAS STCs. Importantly, mitoprotection improved mitochondrial structure and function as well as the capacity of MetS + RAS STCs to repair injured tubular cells in vitro. Renovascular disease in swine is associated with a higher prevalence of STCs but induces structural and functional alterations in STC mitochondria, which impair their reparative potency. These observations suggest a key role for mitochondria in the renal reparative capacity of STCs.
Reliable client accounting for P2P-infrastructure hybrids (2012)

Content distribution networks (CDNs) have started to adopt hybrid designs, which employ both dedicated edge servers and resources contributed by clients. Hybrid designs combine many of the advantages of infrastructurebased and peer-to-peer systems, but they also present new challenges. This paper identifies reliable client accounting as one such challenge. Operators of hybrid CDNs are accountable to their customers (i.e., content providers) for the CDN’s performance. Therefore, they need to offer reliable quality of service and a detailed account of content served. Service quality and accurate accounting, however, depend in part on interactions among untrusted clients. Using the Akamai NetSession client network in a case study, we demonstrate that a small number of malicious clients used in a clever attack could cause significant accounting inaccuracies. We present a method for providing reliable accounting of client interactions in hybrid CDNs. The proposed method leverages the unique characteristics of hybrid systems to limit the loss of accounting accuracy and service quality caused by faulty or compromised clients. We also describe RCA, a system that applies this method to a commercial hybrid content-distribution network. Using trace-driven simulations, we show that RCA can detect and mitigate a variety of attacks, at the expense of a moderate increase in logging overhead. 1
Protein kinase C modulates basal myogenic tone in resistance arteries from the cerebral circulation. (1991)

The objective of this study was to determine whether myogenic tone in the cerebral circulation can be modified by agents that interact with protein kinase C (PKC), a modulator of intracellular calcium sensitivity. Pial arteries (194 +/- 8 microns at 125 mm Hg) were isolated from Wistar-Kyoto rats and mounted on glass microcannulas in a specialized arteriograph. Simultaneous recordings of transmural pressure and lumen diameter were made with a video-electronic system. Myogenic tone, which developed at transmural pressures above 50 mm Hg, reduced lumen diameter by 29 +/- 3%, to 136 +/- 5 microns. Staurosporine (a PKC inhibitor) or indolactam (a PKC activator) was added cumulatively to segments of arteries obtained from each animal. Staurosporine induced progressive and eventually complete dilation, with half-maximal inhibition of myogenic tone occurring at a concentration of 1.32 +/- 0.10 nM. Conversely, indolactam augmented basal tone, reducing diameter by a maximum of 62 +/- 3%, with half-maximal effects at 0.4 +/- 1.0 microM. The effects of indolactam on arterial responses to acute increases in transmural pressure were also determined to test whether this dynamic and possibly separate mechanism could be potentiated by PKC stimulation. Although basal tone was augmented, diameter responses to increased pressure were not altered. In summary, these results implicate PKC in the regulation of basal myogenic tone and resistance artery caliber, which is a major determinant of blood flow. PKC modulation did not affect diameter responses to sudden changes in transmural pressure, however, suggesting the existence of a separate sensing/transduction mechanism that has yet to be identified.
Intelligent transformer (2002)

A new concept of an intelligent power transformer is presented in this paper, where the size of a power transformer of commercial frequency is miniaturized by introducing a modulator. In this circuit, various functions, such as constant voltage, constant power and power factor correction are realized by a phase control system.
Characterization of near-stoichiometric Ti:LiNbO_3 strip waveguides with varied substrate refractive index in the guiding layer (2008)

We have demonstrated the possibility that near-stoichiometric Ti:LiNbO(3) strip waveguides are fabricated by carrying out vapor transport equilibration at 1060 degrees C for 12 h on a congruent LiNbO(3) substrate with photolithographically patterned 4-8 microm wide, 115 nm thick Ti strips. Optical characterizations show that these waveguides are single mode at 1.5 microm and show a waveguide loss of 1.3 dB/cm for TM mode and 1.1 dB/cm for TE mode. In the width/depth direction of the waveguide, the mode field follows the Gauss/Hermite-Gauss function. Secondary-ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to study Ti-concentration profiles in the depth direction and on the surface of the 6 microm wide waveguide. The result shows that the Ti profile follows a sum of two error functions along the width direction and a complementary error function in the depth direction. The surface Ti concentration, 1/e width and depth, and mean diffusivities along the width and depth directions of the guide are similar to 3.0 x 10(21) cm(-3), 3.8 microm, 2.6 microm, 0.30 and 0.14 microm(2)/h, respectively. Micro-Raman analysis was carried out on the waveguide endface to characterize the depth profile of Li composition in the guiding layer. The results show that the depth profile of Li composition also follows a complementary error function with a 1/e depth of 3.64 microm. The mean ([Li(Li)]+[Ti(Li)])/([Nb(Nb)]+[Ti(Nb)]) ratio in the waveguide layer is about 0.98. The inhomogeneous Li-composition profile results in a varied substrate index in the guiding layer. A two-dimensional refractive index profile model in the waveguide is proposed by taking into consideration the varied substrate index and assuming linearity between Ti-induced index change and Ti concentration. The net waveguide surface index increments at 1545 nm are 0.0114 and 0.0212 for ordinary and extraordinary rays, respectively. Based upon the constructed index model, the fundamental mode field profile was calculated using the beam propagation method, and the mode sizes and effective index versus the Ti-strip width were calculated for three lower TM and TE modes using the variational method. An agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.
Porosity and pore size determination in polysulfone hollow fibers (1977)

Abstract Average pore sizes and effective porosity of microporous polysulfone hollow fibers were determined by the gas permeability method. Surface structure and porosity were determined by scanning electron microscopy. The values of effective porosity ε/ q 2 (porosity/tortuosity factor) are approximately one order of magnitude lower than those reported previously for flat sheet porous membrane. These lower values are a direct outcome of a higher polymer concentration in the spinning dope. Correlations between the wall void volume, equivalent pore size, and hydraulic permeabilities of the hollow fibers have been determined. Rather low values of ε/ q 2 have been calculated compared to those of the void volume; these effective porosity values indicate either a very high tortuosity factor or a large number of “dead end” pores. Exposure of the fibers to elevated temperature (110°C) for a short period of time drastically reduces the surface pore size and narrows the pore size distributions, whereas overall fiber dimensions are reduced only by 1%, and 85% of the fiber's hydraulic permeability is retained. The scanning electron microscopy study reveals the formation of a relatively dense skin in some spun fibers. For such “skinned” fibers, kinetic (permeability) evaluation of static structure such as mean pore size is not realistic and is further generalized to the term “equivalent pore size.”
T-Helper Type-2 Contact Hypersensitivity of Balb/c Mice Aggravated by Dibutyl Phthalate via Long-Term Dermal Exposure (2014)

Together, these results indicated that long-term dermal exposure to types of environmental toxins such as phthalates may endow an atopic predisposition in animals or humans. In addition, the high expression of TSLP in the mouse model demonstrated that TSLP might have an important role in the aggravation effect. This result could help to provide effective prevention strategies against atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD).