gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doppler correction for scattering matrix measurements of random targets (1991)

Abstract A central topic in active microwave remote sensing is the measurement of polarimet‐ric scattering matrix time series. At least two successive measurements, employing orthogonal transmitter polarisations, are necessary to determine the full S‐matrix of an object. In many remote sensing applications, however, the observed targets experience small but non‐negligible variations even in the small time interval which is required to perform the S‐matrix measurement. In order to cope with this problem, a Doppler phase correction scheme can be applied which compensates for the deterministic mean target motion. The possible internal variation of a composite target due to the random motion of the target's individual scattering centres of particles, however, results in decorrelation of the consecutively measured S‐matrix columns and leaves significant statistical errors uncorrected. In the present paper the mean Doppler phase correction method and the related estimation errors are studied in greater detail, employing a quite general model of time‐variant random targets. It turns out that the critical quantity which determines the statistical accuracy of the Doppler correction is given by the ratio of the pulse repetition interval and the decorrelation time of the observed random target. The pulse repetition frequency of the radar measurement, hence, has to be chosen carefully in order to avoid large estimation errors in the S‐matrix determination. Matching the pulse repetition frequency properly to the decorrelation time of the observed target, on the other hand, allows the measurement and processing of polarimetric S‐matrix series with maximum information content on the target. The present statistical studies, this way, are of fundamental interest in many polarimetric remote sensing applications.
Derechos fundamentales y Comunidades autónomas: especial referencia al derecho de petición (2009)

En este trabajo se realiza un analisis del recurso de inconstitucionalidad interpuesto por el Defensor del Pueblo contra la Ley Organica 6/2006, de 19 de julio, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomia de Cataluna, por el que impugnaba el contenido del Titulo I del Estatuto, sobre derechos, deberes y principios rectores. Como se vera seguidamente, parece que el Defensor del Pueblo, en materia de regulacion de los derechos fundamentales por las Comunidades Autonomas no aplica siempre la misma doctrina.
24-Hour Monitoring of Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma Management: A Retrospective Review (2003)

Purpose Diurnal variation in intraocular pressure (IOP) is well recognized, yet important decisions in glaucoma management are frequently made after 1 or 2 IOP measurements. Twenty-four-hour monitoring of IOP may identify IOP variation and spikes. This study determined the value of 24-hour IOP monitoring in routine clinical practice. Methods Data were acquired retrospectively from case notes of 29 glaucoma patients sequentially admitted for 24-hour IOP monitoring while taking their established antiglaucoma therapy. Results While there was no difference between the mean clinic (office) and mean 24-hour IOP measurements, the peak IOP during 24-hour monitoring was on average 4.9 mm Hg higher than the peak clinic IOP (P <0.0001). In 4 (13.8%) patients, the peak IOP over 24 hours was at least 12 mm Hg higher than the clinic peak. Peak IOP values occurred outside normal office hours in 51.7% of patients. Twenty-four-hour IOP monitoring resulted in a change of clinical management in 23 (79.3%) patients, including 13 (44.8%) who were offered trabeculectomy. Conclusion Twenty-four-hour monitoring of IOP frequently led to a change of glaucoma management by identifying IOP fluctuations and spikes. High IOP and wide diurnal IOP variation are considered major risk factors for glaucoma progression, and standard clinic follow-up evaluations failed to identify these phenomena.
Characteristics of Ethanol, Butanol, Iso-Octane and Gasoline Sprays and Combustion from a Multi-Hole Injector in a DISI Engine (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent pressures on vehicle manufacturers to reduce their average fleet levels of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions have resulted in an increased drive to improve fuel economy and enable use of fuels developed from renewable sources that can achieve a net reduction in the CO<sub>2</sub> output of each vehicle. The most popular choice for spark-ignition engines has been the blending of ethanol with gasoline, where the ethanol is derived either from agricultural or cellulosic sources such as sugar cane, corn or decomposed plant matter. However, other fuels, such as butanol, have also arisen as potential candidates due to their similarities to gasoline, <i>e.g.</i> higher energy density than ethanol. To extract the maximum benefits from these new fuels through optimized engine design and calibration, an understanding of the behaviour of these fuels in modern engines is necessary. In particular, the use of direct injection spark-ignition technology requires spray formation and combustion characteristics to be quantified in order to improve both injector design and operating strategies. To this end an optical investigation of spray development and combustion was undertaken in a single-cylinder direct-injection spark-ignition engine with a centrally mounted multi-hole injector. Specifically, crank-angle resolved imaging studies were performed and batches of images from 100 consecutive cycles were acquired with synchronised in-cylinder pressure logging. The engine was motored and fired at 1500 RPM stoichiometrically under part load (0.5 bar intake pressure), with injection timing set early in the intake stroke to promote homogeneous mixture formation. The effects were investigated at engine coolant temperatures of 20 °C and 90 °C using gasoline, <i>iso</i>-octane, ethanol and butanol. Projected spray areas as seen through the piston crown were calculated to reveal information about the atomization and evaporation processes for each fuel. Additionally, flame areas and centroids were calculated to analyse the combustion process relative to measured in-cylinder pressure histories.</div>
3.5 GHz longitudinal leaky surface acoustic wave resonator using a multilayered waveguide structure for high acoustic energy confinement (2018)

In this paper, the use of a structure comprising a thin LiNbO3 plate and a multilayered acoustic mirror composed of SiO2 and Pt for high-performance longitudinal leaky surface acoustic wave (LLSAW) device is proposed. The mirror is expected to offer a much higher reflectivity than that composed of SiO2 and AlN, which the authors proposed previously. The field distribution of these structures is calculated by using a finite element method. It is shown that the acoustic wave energy of the proposed structure is well confined in the vicinity of the top surface, and that leakage to the substrate is reduced. A one-port resonator is fabricated on the structure and its performance characteristics are evaluated. Owing to a high phase velocity of 6,035 m/s, which is about 1.5 times higher than that of conventional SAWs, a large impedance ratio of 71 dB was achieved at 3.5 GHz in addition to a large fractional bandwidth of 9.5%.
Characterization of Pic, a Secreted Protease of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> and Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

We have identified and characterized a secreted protein, designated Pic, which is encoded on the chromosomes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) 042 and Shigella flexneri 2457T. The product of the pic gene is synthesized as a 146.5-kDa precursor molecule which is processed at the N and C termini during secretion, allowing the release of a mature protein (109.8 kDa) into the culture supernatant. The deduced amino acid sequence of Pic shows high homology to autotransporter proteins, particularly a subgroup termed the SPATEs (serine protease autotransporters of the Enterobacteriaceae). Present in all members of this subgroup is a motif similar to the active sites of certain serine proteases. Pic catalyzes gelatin degradation, which can be abolished by disruption of the predicted proteolytic active site. Functional analysis of the Pic protein implicates this factor in mucinase activity, serum resistance, and hemagglutination. Our data suggest that Pic may be a multifunctional protein involved in enteric pathogenesis.
Simultaneous determination of ascrobic, citric, and tartaric acids by potentiometric titration with PLS calibration (2006)

The partial least squares (PLS) modeling method was used in the analysis of mixtures of ascorbic, citric, and tartaric acids by potentiometric titration. Binary mixtures of tartaric and citric acids, as well as ternary mixtures of tartaric, citric, and ascorbic acids, were titrated by sodium hydroxide pH-metrically. The linear relationship between the volumes of titrant and the concentrations of analytes was obtained by PLS regression. The designed model was then used to predict the concentrations of components in unknown samples. The practical utility of this method was demonstrated for the simultaneous determination of acids in binary and ternary mixture systems within concentration range from 4 × 10−4 to 2 × 10−3 M, and acceptable results were obtained.
UNAVAILABLE - Decline-Curve Analysis With Type Curves - Analysis of Gas Well Production Data (1993)

This paper is not available. It was an oral presentation at the SPE Rocky Mountain Regional/Low Permeability Reservoirs Symposium, held in Denver, Colorado, 12-14 April, 1993. The authors did not provide the manuscript or copyright permission for addition to the proceedings.
A Prevalent Variant in PPP1R3A Impairs Glycogen Synthesis and Reduces Muscle Glycogen Content in Humans and Mice (2008)

Thus, PPP1R3A C1984DeltaAG (stop codon 668) is, to our knowledge, the first prevalent mutation described that directly impairs glycogen synthesis and decreases glycogen levels in human skeletal muscle. The fact that it is present in approximately 1 in 70 UK whites increases the potential biomedical relevance of these observations.
Dissecting Molecular Evolution in the Highly Diverse Plant Clade Caryophyllales Using Transcriptome Sequencing (2015)

Many phylogenomic studies based on transcriptomes have been limited to "single-copy" genes due to methodological challenges in homology and orthology inferences. Only a relatively small number of studies have explored analyses beyond reconstructing species relationships. We sampled 69 transcriptomes in the hyperdiverse plant clade Caryophyllales and 27 outgroups from annotated genomes across eudicots. Using a combined similarity- and phylogenetic tree-based approach, we recovered 10,960 homolog groups, where each was represented by at least eight ingroup taxa. By decomposing these homolog trees, and taking gene duplications into account, we obtained 17,273 ortholog groups, where each was represented by at least ten ingroup taxa. We reconstructed the species phylogeny using a 1,122-gene data set with a gene occupancy of 92.1%. From the homolog trees, we found that both synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates in herbaceous lineages are up to three times as fast as in their woody relatives. This is the first time such a pattern has been shown across thousands of nuclear genes with dense taxon sampling. We also pinpointed regions of the Caryophyllales tree that were characterized by relatively high frequencies of gene duplication, including three previously unrecognized whole-genome duplications. By further combining information from homolog tree topology and synonymous distance between paralog pairs, phylogenetic locations for 13 putative genome duplication events were identified. Genes that experienced the greatest gene family expansion were concentrated among those involved in signal transduction and oxidoreduction, including a cytochrome P450 gene that encodes a key enzyme in the betalain synthesis pathway. Our approach demonstrates a new approach for functional phylogenomic analysis in nonmodel species that is based on homolog groups in addition to inferred ortholog groups.
Intelligent Role-Based Access Control Model and Framework Using Semantic Business Roles in Multi-Domain Environments (2020)

Today's rapidly developing communication technologies and dynamic collaborative business models made the security of data and resources more crucial than ever especially in multi-domain environments like Cloud and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). It enforced the research community to develop enhanced access control techniques and models for resources across multi-domain distributed environments so that the security requirements of all participating organizations can be fulfilled through considering dynamicity of changing environments and versatility of access control policies. The popularity of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model is irrefutable because of low administrative overhead and large-scale implementation in business organizations. However, it does not incorporate the dynamically changing policies and lacks semantically meaningful business roles which could have a diverse impact upon access decisions in multi-domain business environments. This paper describes our proposed novel access control framework that uses semantic business roles and intelligent agents through implementation of our Intelligent RBAC (I-RBAC) model. It encompasses occupational entitlements as roles for multiple domains. We use the dataset of original occupational roles provided by Standard Occupational Classification (SOC), USA. The novelty of the paper lies in developing a core I-RBAC ontology using real-world semantic business roles and intelligent agent technologies together for achieving required level of access control in highly dynamic multi-domain environment. The intelligent agents use WordNet and bidirectional LSTM deep neural network for automated population of organizational ontology from unstructured text policies. This dynamically learned organizational ontology is further matched with our core I-RBAC ontology in order to extract unified semantic business roles. The proposed I-RBAC model is mathematically described and the overall I-RBAC framework and its implementation architecture is explained. At the end, the I-RBAC model is validated through the implementation results that show a linear runtime trend of the model in presence of a large number of permission assignments and multiple queries.
In Touch with the Future (2014)

Abstract "Touch makes our world real". Starting from this assumption, this book summarizes the latest findings to have emerged from the field of cognitive neuroscience in recent years concerning the processing of tactile information in humans. In particular, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art concerning scientific knowledge regarding themes such as tactile memory, tactile awareness (consciousness), tactile attention, the role of touch in interpersonal and sexual interactions, and the neurological substrates underlying tactile perception. Crucially, this volume highlights the many ways in which our growing understanding of the world of touch can, and in some cases already are, being applied in the real world in everything from the development of virtual reality (VR) environments, tablet PCs, mobile phones, and even teledildonics – perhaps the ultimate frontier in terms of adult entertainment. This volume demonstrates how the cognitive neuroscience approach to the study of tactile perception can be applied to help improve the design of many real-world applications/products. It can even be used to improve our common everyday experiences, such as those related to the appreciation of food. The application of tactile research to a variety of other domains such as marketing, packaging design, the development of enhanced sensory substitution systems, art, and man-machine interface design is also covered. The book approaches the study of the sense of touch through a multisensory perspective. In particular, this volume highlights the fact that the sense of touch cannot really be understood, especially not in a real-world context, without placing it in a multisensory context. The senses interact and those interactions can dramatically change the nature of our tactile perception – everything from changing the feel of a surface or product by changing the sound it makes when touch, or even the fragrance it has.
Triple‐Shape Polymeric Composites (TSPCs) (2010)

Abstract In this paper, the fabrication and characterization of triple‐shape polymeric composites (TSPCs) that, unlike traditional shape memory polymers (SMPs), are capable of fixing two temporary shapes and recovering sequentially from the first temporary shape (shape 1) to the second temporary shape (shape 2), and eventually to the permanent shape (shape 3) upon heating, are reported. This is technically achieved by incorporating non‐woven thermoplastic fibers (average diameter ∼760 nm) of a low‐ T m semicrystalline polymer into a T g ‐based SMP matrix. The resulting composites display two well‐separated transitions, one from the glass transition of the matrix and the other from the melting of the fibers, which are subsequently used for the fixing/recovery of two temporary shapes. Three thermomechanical programming processes with different shape fixing protocols are proposed and explored. The intrinsic versatility of this composite approach enables an unprecedented large degree of design flexibility for functional triple‐shape polymers and systems.
Characterization of the antinociceptive effects of the individual isomers of methadone after acute and chronic administrations (2011)

Methadone is a long-acting opioid used in the treatment of various pain states and substitution therapy in heroin addiction. Extensive behavioral characterization has been carried out using the racemate, but limited investigation has been performed with the individual isomers. The L-isomer is a potent opioid agonist, whereas the D-isomer has weak µ-opioid activity and has also been shown to possess N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist properties in vitro. The acute antinociceptive effects of the isomers were evaluated in rats using a warm-water, tail-withdrawal procedure at two stimulus intensities (50° and 55°C). Increasing dose ratios of D-methadone to L-methadone were administered chronically to determine the ability of the D-isomer to modulate antinociceptive tolerance to the L-isomer. Acutely, both L-methadone (0.1-5.6 mg/kg, subcutaneously) and D-methadone (3.0-56.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) produced antinociception, although the efficacy of the D-isomer was limited at 55°C. These effects were dose dependently blocked by naltrexone (0.01-1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Administered chronically, D-methadone (1.7-10 mg/kg, subcutaneously) dose dependently blocked tolerance development to the L-isomer (1.7 mg/kg, subcutaneously). These findings support the antinociceptive effects of the isomers being opioid receptor mediated with the L-isomer functioning as a full-efficacy agonist, whereas the D-isomer seems to have lower efficacy. The ability of nonracemic doses of the D-isomer to prevent tolerance development to the L-isomer may be attributed to partial µ-agonist activity; however, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist activity cannot be discounted.
Thin deformable mirrors for a reconfigurable space telescope (2012)

As part of a small satellite technology demonstration that will utilize autonomous assembly, reconfiguration, and docking technology to form the primary mirror for the mission's telescope payload, the mirror segments are required to modify and control their shape, in order to allow for imaging in different configurations.This paper focuses on the development of 10 cm diameter active lightweight mirrors.The current mirror design, control scheme, and fabrication methods are described, as well as experimental results on initial samples.The data demonstrates that the mirrors are capable of at least 100 microns of displacement during operation, and that fabrication on polished molds can result in high quality reflective surfaces.
SNR analysis for multi-rate UWB-IR (2007)

This letter is motivated by the need to design MAC protocols for impulse radio ultrawide bandwidth systems. It evaluates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in such multi-rate systems in which the different users transmit with different rates and different power levels. The SNR is obtained for all combinations of pulse-position modulation or pulse-amplitude modulation, with time-hopping and/or direct-sequence spreading. We show that the SNR in a multi-rate time-hopping system is different from a single-rate system, and is highly affected by the low-rate users
Analysis of clinical and dermoscopic features for basal cell carcinoma neural network classification (2012)

Experimental results show that combining clinical and image information provides enhanced lesion discrimination capability over either information source separately. This research highlights the potential of data fusion as a model for the diagnostic process.
Short-Course Regimens of Artesunate-Fosmidomycin in Treatment of Uncomplicated <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Malaria (2005)

Fosmidomycin is effective against malaria, but it needs to be given for > or =4 days when used alone. We conducted a study of 50 children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria to evaluate the safety and efficacy of consecutively shortened regimens of artesunate-fosmidomycin (1 to 2 mg/kg of body weight and 30 mg/kg of body weight, respectively; doses given every 12 hours). All dosing regimens were well tolerated. Artesunate-fosmidomycin acted rapidly, resulting in consolidated geometric mean parasite and fever clearance times of 24 h and 15 h, respectively. Treatment regimens of > or =2 days led to cure ratios of 100% by day 14 (39/39; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 91% to 100%). Most importantly, the 3-day regimen achieved 100% cure on day 28 (10/10; 95% CI, 69% to 100%). Treatment with artesunate-fosmidomycin was associated with transient grade I or II neutropenia (absolute neutrophil counts of 750 to 1,200/microl and 400 to 749/microl, respectively) in six or two patients, respectively. Artesunate-fosmidomycin demonstrates the feasibility and potential value of short-course artemisinin-based combination chemotherapy with rapidly eliminated combination partners.
Addressing proteolytic efficiency in enzymatic degradation therapy for celiac disease (2016)

Celiac disease is triggered by partially digested gluten proteins. Enzyme therapies that complete protein digestion in vivo could support a gluten-free diet, but the barrier to completeness is high. Current options require enzyme amounts on the same order as the protein meal itself. In this study, we evaluated proteolytic components of the carnivorous pitcher plant (Nepenthes spp.) for use in this context. Remarkably low doses enhance gliadin solubilization rates, and degrade gliadin slurries within the pH and temporal constraints of human gastric digestion. Potencies in excess of 1200:1 (substrate-to-enzyme) are achieved. Digestion generates small peptides through nepenthesin and neprosin, the latter a novel enzyme defining a previously-unknown class of prolyl endoprotease. The digests also exhibit reduced TG2 conversion rates in the immunogenic regions of gliadin, providing a twin mechanism for evading T-cell recognition. When sensitized and dosed with enzyme-treated gliadin, NOD/DQ8 mice did not show intestinal inflammation, when compared to mice challenged with only pepsin-treated gliadin. The low enzyme load needed for effective digestion suggests that gluten detoxification can be achieved in a meal setting, using metered dosing based on meal size. We demonstrate this by showing efficient antigen processing at total substrate-to-enzyme ratios exceeding 12,000:1.