gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of R-102557 and Related Dioxane-Triazole Derivatives. (2000)

Novel triazole compounds with a dioxane ring were synthesized. Condensation of the diol precursor 10 with various aromatic aldehydes 11-13 under acidic conditions afforded a series of dioxane-triazole compounds 14-16. The antifungal activities of the compounds 14-16 were evaluated in vivo in mice infection models against Candida and Aspergillus species. High activities were seen for the derivatives with one or two double bond(s) and an aromatic ring substituted with an electron-withdrawing group in the side chain. Among the derivatives, R-102557 (16R: Ar=4-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)phenyl) showed excellent in vivo activities against Candida, Aspergillus and Cryptococcus species. It also showed high tolerance in a preliminary toxicity study in rats.
Enhancing Resistance of Silk Fibroin Material to Enzymatic Degradation by Cross-Linking Both Crystalline and Amorphous Domains (2020)

Silk fibroin (SF) membranes are finding widespread use as biomaterial scaffolds in a range of tissue engineering applications. The control over SF scaffold degradation kinetics is usually driven by the proportion of SF crystalline domains in the formulation, but membranes with a high β-sheet content are brittle and still contain amorphous domains, which are highly susceptible to enzymatic degradation. In this work, photo-cross-linking of SF using a ruthenium-based method, and with the addition of glycerol, was used to generate robust and flexible SF membranes for long-term tissue engineering applications requiring slow degradation of the scaffolds. The resulting mechanical properties, protein secondary structure, and degradation rate were investigated. In addition, the cytocompatibility and versatility of porous micropatterning of SF films were assessed. The photo-cross-linking reduced the enzymatic degradation of SF in vitro without interfering with the β-sheet content of the SF material, while adding glycerol to the composition grants flexibility to the membranes. By combining these methods, the membrane resistance to protease degradation was significantly enhanced compared to either method alone, and the SF mechanical properties were not impaired. We hypothesize that photo-cross-linking protects the SF amorphous regions from enzymatic degradation and complements the natural protection offered by β-sheets in the crystalline region. Overall, this approach presents broad utility in tissue engineering applications that require a long-term degradation profile and mechanical support.
Identification of the gene for β-fructofuranosidase from Ceratocystis moniliformis CMW 10134 and characterization of the enzyme expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2013)

The properties of the CmINV enzyme make it an attractive alternative to other invertases being used in industry.
Some characteristics of a new enzyme, nucleoside oxidase. (1988)

(1988). Some Characteristics of a New Enzyme, Nucleoside Oxidase. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 52, No. 8, pp. 2135-2136.
IaaS-Aided Access Control for Information-Centric IoT (2018)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a novel network architecture designed to replace the current IP-based architecture. In ICN, contents are identified based on unique names and can be cached in-network in order to immediately serve subsequent requests. These characteristics are particularly important in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), where they allow to heavily reduce loads on the things, as well as increase content availability and decrease energy consumption. In this paper we address the open problem of providing access control for IoT deployments in ICN. Our protocol takes advantage of the reliance of IoT on Infrastructure-as-a-Service and provides confidentiality, traitor tracing and revocation of an unbound number of users. At the same time, our protocol preserves both network caching and location-independent content retrieval. To the best of our knowledge, our protocol is the first access control protocol for ICN providing all these advantages. We provide an extensive analysis of the security properties of our protocol, as well as a thorough experimental evaluation. Our evaluation shows that our protocol does not pose significant over-head with respect to published content size nor computational time required. Considering a popular IoT camera, our evaluation shows that our protocol introduces 0.27% size overhead and 150ms of computational overhead for a 7 seconds stream.
Spectrum of Mutations in Long-QT Syndrome Genes (2000)

KVLQT1 (42%) and HERG (45%) accounted for 87% of identified mutations, and SCN5A (8%), KCNE1 (3%), and KCNE2 (2%) accounted for the other 13%. Missense mutations were most common (72%), followed by frameshift mutations (10%), in-frame deletions, and nonsense and splice-site mutations (5% to 7% each). Most mutations resided in intracellular (52%) and transmembrane (30%) domains; 12% were found in pore and 6% in extracellular segments. In most cases (78%), a mutation was found in a single family or an individual.
The University of Virginia/Padova Type 1 Diabetes Simulator Matches the Glucose Traces of a Clinical Trial (2014)

We demonstrated that the virtual subjects of the S2013 are representative of the T1DM population observed in a clinical trial. We conclude that the S2013 is a valid tool usable to test the robustness of closed-loop control algorithms for artificial pancreas.
Collaborative Learning for Answer Selection in Question Answering (2018)

Answer selection is an essential step in a question answering (QA) system. Traditional methods for this task mainly focus on developing linguistic features that are limited in practice. With the great success of deep learning method in distributed text representation, deep learning-based answer selection approaches have been well investigated, which mainly employ only one neural network, i.e., convolutional neural network (CNN) or long short term memory (LSTM), leading to failures in extracting some rich sentence features. Thus, in this paper, we propose a collaborative learning-based answer selection model (QA-CL), where we deploy a parallel training architecture to collaboratively learn the initial word vector matrix of the sentence by CNN and bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) at the same time. In addition, we extend our model by incorporating the sentence embedding generated by the QA-CL model into a joint distributed sentence representation using a strong unsupervised baseline weight removal (WR), i.e., the QA-CLWR model. We evaluate our proposals on a popular QA dataset, InsuranceQA. The experimental results indicate that our proposed answer selection methods can produce a better performance compared with several strong baselines. Finally, we investigate the models’ performance with respect to different question types and find that question types with a medium number of questions have a better and more stable performance than those types with too large or too small number of questions.
Construction, calibration, and testing of a four-detector photopolarimeter (1988)

A computer-controlled four-detector photopolarimeter (FDP) has been constructed using four windowless planar-diffused Si photodiodes, operational amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, and a personal computer with peripherals. A nonplanar light path is selected with incidence angles at the first three detectors of ∼65° and with rotations of ∼45° between the successive planes of incidence. The last detector, which is coated for minimum reflectance, intercepts the beam at a small angle and the residual light it reflects is dumped. A 1-mW He–Ne laser beam (λ=632.8 nm) passes through the polarizing optics of an ellipsometer to provide the polarization states needed for calibration and testing. With an optimum set of calibration states, the instrument matrix A is determined. The FDP is subsequently tested and found to correctly measure the normalized Stokes parameters of a large number of states with an average absolute error of ∼0.01, which is attributed to imperfections in the calibration optics. This first prototype instrument has a precision of ∼0.2%.
Evaluation of the lysosome-associated membrane protein LAMP-2 as a marker for lysosomal storage disorders (1998)

For many lysosomal storage disorders, presymptomatic detection, before the onset of irreversible pathology, will greatly improve the efficacy of current and proposed therapies. In the absence of a family history, presymptomatic detection can be achieved only by a comprehensive newborn screening program. Recently we reported that the lysosome-associated membrane protein LAMP-1 was increased in the plasma from approximately 70% of individuals with lysosomal storage disorders. Here we report on the evaluation of a second lysosome-associated membrane protein, LAMP-2, as a marker for this group of disorders. The median concentration of LAMP-2 in the plasma of healthy individuals was 1.21 mg/L, fourfold higher than the median LAMP-1 concentration (0.31 mg/L). LAMP-2 was increased in >66% of patients with lysosomal storage disorders, and the increases coincided with increased LAMP-1 concentrations. The reference intervals for LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 in blood spots taken from newborns were 0.20-0.54 mg/L (n = 1600) and 0.95-3.06 mg/L (n = 1600), respectively. A high correlation was observed between the concentrations of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 in both control and affected individuals. The higher concentrations of LAMP-2, relative to LAMP-1, in plasma make LAMP-2 an attractive marker; however, the final selection will be dependent on the availability of new diagnostic markers and their ability to detect disorders currently not identified by LAMP-2.
A General Method for Synthesis of GPI Anchors Illustrated by the Total Synthesis of the Low‐Molecular‐Weight Antigen from <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (2011)

Building blocks: a new, general synthetic strategy, which allows the construction of branched glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs), enables the synthesis of parasitic glycolipid 1 from Toxoplasma gondii. In addition, the structure is further confirmed by recognition of monoclonal antibodies.
Fast, effective code generation in a just-in-time Java compiler (1998)

A "Just-In-Time" (JIT) Java compiler produces native code from Java byte code instructions during program execution. As such, compilation speed is more important in a Java JIT compiler than in a traditional compiler, requiring optimization algorithms to be lightweight and effective. We present the structure of a Java JIT compiler for the Intel Architecture, describe the lightweight implementation of JIT compiler optimizations (e.g., common subexpression elimination, register allocation, and elimination of array bounds checking), and evaluate the performance benefits and tradeoffs of the optimizations. This JIT compiler has been shipped with version 2.5 of Intel's VTune for Java product.
Low-crosstalk multicore fibers for long-haul transmission (2011)

The limitations of crosstalk and core-to-core distance in step-index multi-core fibers (SI-MCFs) are clarified for long-haul transmission, and the low-crosstalk MCF structures of trench-assisted MCFs (TA-MCFs) are investigated for realizing large effective area (Aeff) and high core density, simultaneously, with a limited cladding diameter. It is shown that the crosstalk between neighboring cores in TA-MCFs can be greatly suppressed even if the Aeff and the cutoff wavelength are fixed compared with SI-MCFs. In addition, the possibility of MCFs with heterogeneous core arrangement is considered for transmission fibers and low-crosstalk heterogeneous MCFs with bending radius insensitive characteristics are investigated.
Prodiag--a hybrid artificial intelligence based reactor diagnostic system for process faults (1996)

Commonwealth Research Corporation (CRC) and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) are collaborating on a DOE-sponsored Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), project to perform feasibility studies on a novel approach to Artificial Intelligence (Al) based diagnostics for component faults in nuclear power plants. Investigations are being performed in the construction of a first-principles physics-based plant level process diagnostic expert system (ES) and the identification of component-level fault patterns through operating component characteristics using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The purpose of the proof-of-concept project is to develop a computer-based system using this Al approach to assist process plant operators during off-normal plant conditions. The proposed computer-based system will use thermal hydraulic (T-H) signals complemented by other non-T-H signals available in the data stream to provide the process operator with the component which most likely caused the observed process disturbance.To demonstrate the scale-up feasibility of the proposed diagnostic system it is being developed for use with the Chemical Volume Control System (CVCS) of a nuclear power plant. A full-scope operator training simulator representing the Commonwealth Edison Braidwood nuclear power plant is being used both as the source of development data and as the means to evaluate the advantages of the proposed diagnostic system. This is an ongoing multi-year project and this paper presents the results to date of the CRADA phase.
Kinematic Synthesis of Fiber Reinforced Soft Actuators in Parallel Combinations (2012)

Complex controlled motions, flexible surfaces, and minimal moving mass all drive the need for soft robots using fiber reinforced elastomer enclosures (FREEs) in a parallel configuration. This paper addresses the challenge of synthesizing a design with desired kinematics, as only small portions of the entire design space have been previously investigated. A systematic characterization of the kinematic freedom, constraint, and actuation directions of all circumferentially and longitudinally repeating fiber topologies is determined. The parallel kinematics is mapped for the combinations of actuators by determining the sets of mobilities necessary in the constituent members for all possible output motions. The kinematics of all possible parallel combinations for pairs and triangular triplets of FREEs are mapped. A graphical user interface (GUI) is presented, which allows a user to input a kinematic specification and generate all feasible FREE sets and their respective kinematics. With the entire design space mapped and easily accessible, a range of possible applications across a span of kinematic requirements becomes readily attainable. A case study is performed to verify the ability of the GUI to determine feasible FREE sets for a pick-and-place manipulator task.
Measurement of passive optical components using a carrier and single sideband (2006)

A simple method based on arbitrary optical signal generation is presented for measuring the magnitude and phase of the transfer function of passive optical components. The method offers fine resolution along the frequency axis as well as a simple setup.
Control and system design for the Czochralski crystal growth process (1988)

An expanded set of control objectives is proposed for the Czochralski crystal growth process. Consideration of the thermal stress near the interface yields an operating regime specification in terms of interface shape. A lumped parameter model is used to determine the performance of alternate inputs and outputs. Based on these considerations, a new control structure is proposed to maintain crystal diameter, interface shape, and thermal gradients throughout the batch growth cycle. The performance of alternative control structures are evaluated
Multiphoton multicolor FISH (2000)

We describe a novel method of 3D imaging of specific regions of DNA in interphase nuclei and tissues based on multiphoton microscopy and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH). Multiphoton Multicolor FISH (MM-FISH) combines the advantages of (i) using a single NIR excitation wavelength for the simultaneous excitation of multiple FISH fluorophores, (ii) absence of fading in out-of-focus regions, (iii) intrinsic 3D imaging capability and (iv) high light penetration depth. Detection of chromosomal aberrations in amniocytes and tumor cells as well as imaging of FISH fluorophores in biopsies using femtosecond laser pulses at 780 nm and 800 nm are described. First two-photon excited fluorescence decay curves of FISH fluorophores are presented. The fluorophores have been excited via non- resonant two-photon excitation with 150 fs pulses of 0.1 to 8 mW mean laser power of a frequency doubled ultra compact 50 MHz fiber laser and with 80 fs pulses of a compact 80 MHz Ti:sapphire laser. MM-FISH may become an interesting tool in preimplantation diagnosis and molecular pathology.
Topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 2. Benzo[b]thiophenesulfonamide derivatives with ocular hypotensive activity (1989)

Derivatives of benzo[b]thiophene-2-sulfonamide were prepared to investigate their potential utility as topically active inhibitors of ocular carbonic anhydrase. Such an agent would be useful in the treatment of glaucoma. Among the compounds described are 6-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-sulfonamide (16) and its acetate ester (23), which are among the most potent ocular hypotensive agents in this class, as assessed in the alpha-chymotrypsinized rabbit. These compounds were selected for clinical evaluation.
SmartImpute (2016)

One of the major concerns of sensor signal analytics is missing or incomplete samples. Data misses occur mainly because of delays or faults in data capturing infrastructure. We propose a novel mechanism for missing data imputation. The novelty of our mechanism arises from its exploitation of the semantics of different features of the sensor signal to estimate the missing samples. Our methods are based on statistical learning and analysis. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method using real data from smart-energy meters.
Optimization of the Q factor in photonic crystal microcavities (2002)

We express the quality factor of a mode in terms of the Fourier transforms of its field components and prove that the reduction in radiation loss can be achieved by suppressing the mode's wavevector components within the light cone. Although this is intuitively clear, our analytical proof gives us insight into how to achieve the Q factor optimization, without the mode delocalization. We focus on the dipole defect mode in free-standing membranes and achieve Q > 10/sup 4/, while preserving the mode volume of the order of one half of the cubic wavelength of light in the material. The derived expressions and conclusions can be used in the optimization of the Q factor for any type of defect in planar photonic crystals.
Effect of steady magnetic field on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2003)

Effects of a steady magnetic field on the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of certain elements (Mn, Mg, Cr, and Ti) in aqueous solution were studied, in which the plasma plume expanded across an external steady magnetic field (approximately 6 kilogauss). Nearly 1.6 times enhancement in the line emission intensity was observed in the presence of the magnetic field. The temporal evolution of the line emission showed a significant enhancement in plasma emission between 2- and 7- micro(s) gate delays for Mg in the presence of the magnetic field (5-30 micro(s) for Mn). This enhancement in the emission is attributed to an increase in the rate of recombination because of an increase in plasma density due to a magnetic confinement after cooling the plasma. The increase in the optical line emission due to magnetic confinement was absent when the plasma was hot with a dominant background (continuum) emission. The limits of detection of Mg and Mn were reduced by a factor of two in the presence of a steady magnetic field of 5 kilogauss.
A Bayesian framework for the estimation of head-related transfer functions (2015)

While high-fidelity spatial auditory displays require individualized head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), much of the physical structure contained within an HRTF is similar across most individuals. This suggests that a Bayesian estimation technique, which uses sample observations to bias an a priori model towards an individual, may provide benefits in terms of efficiency. Therefore, the current work proposes a Bayesian HRTF framework that utilizes HRTFs in the form of their real spherical harmonic representation. When combined with assumptions of normality, the resulting technique is shown to enable the accurate estimation of an individualized HRTF from a small set of spatially distributed measurements. Moreover, the model provides a convenient way to analyze which components of an HRTF vary most across individuals, and can therefore be used to create very efficient HRTF measurement strategies. A perceptual localization test confirmed that similar localization performance could be attained with an HRTF estimated from as few as 12 spatial measurements, even when confined to the median-sagittal plane.
Two of a Kind or the Ratings Game? Adaptive Pairwise Preferences and Latent Factor Models (2010)

While latent factor models are built using ratings data, which is typically assumed static, the ability to incorporate different kinds of subsequent user feedback is an important asset. For instance, the user might want to provide additional information to the system in order to improve his personal recommendations. To this end, we examine a novel scheme for efficiently learning (or refining) user parameters from such feedback. We propose a scheme where users are presented with a sequence of pair wise preference questions: "Do you prefer item A over B?". User parameters are updated based on their response, and subsequent questions are chosen adaptively after incorporating the feedback. We operate in a Bayesian framework and the choice of questions is based on an information gain criterion. We validate the scheme on the Netflix movie ratings data set. A user study and automated experiments validate our findings.
Advances in CdZnTe and CdMnTe semiconductors for detection of radiological and nuclear threats (2016)

Cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) X-rays and gamma-rays detectors have found applications in radiological and nuclear security, environmental protection, astrophysics, and nuclear medical imaging. Cadmium manganese telluride (CdMnTe) has the potential for similar success as CdZnTe in the detection of ionizing radiations. The detection of radiological and nuclear threats would greatly benefit from detector wafers with large-volume, high-performance, and low-cost of production. This paper presents recent advances in the development of CdZnTe and CdMnTe nuclear detectors with the focus on the detection of radiological and nuclear threats. Efforts on improving the performance of CdZnTe and CdMnTe detectors were made in three major areas: crystal growth, post-growth annealing, and device fabrication. In crystal growth, we optimized ampoule carbon coating for CdZnTe and eliminated detector performance-limiting secondary phase particles in CdMnTe. In post-growth annealing of CdMnTe and CdZnTe crystals, we reduced and in some cases eliminated Te inclusions. In device fabrication, we observed that chemomechanical polishing produced smoother wafer surfaces than chemical etching, but chemical etching produced a better energy resolution.