gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelet-based image coder with channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (1999)

This paper presents a wavelet-based image coder optimized for transmission over binary symmetric channels (BSC). The proposed coder uses a channel-optimized trellis-coded quantization (COTCQ) stage that is designed to optimize the image coding based on the channel characteristics. This optimization is performed only at the level of the source encoder, and does not include any channel coding for error protection. Consequently, the proposed channel-optimized image coder is especially suitable for wireless transmission due to its reduced complexity. Furthermore, the improvement over TCQ-based image coders is significant. Examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed COTCQ-based image coder.
Non-blocking memory-memory-memory Clos-network packet switch (2011)

Buffered Clos-network switch, also referred as memory-memory-memory (MMM) Clos-network switch, is an alternative to single-stage switches to implement large-scale packet switches. In this paper, we unveil the head-of-line blocking problem of MMM Clos-network switches with switch modules implemented by buffered crossbars, which causes performance degradation. We propose a three-stage buffered Clos-network switch with per-output flow queues in the switch modules at the first two stages to avoid head-of-line blocking. The proposed switch, called the MM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> M switch, achieves higher performance than an MMM buffered Clos-network packet switch. We show the performance improvement of the proposed MM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> M switch under different traffic patterns.
Constructing Join Histograms from Histograms with q-error Guarantees (2016)

Histograms are implemented and used in any database system, usually defined on a single-column of a database table. However, one of the most desired statistical data in such systems are statistics on the correlation among columns. In this paper we present a novel construction algorithm for building a join histogram that accepts two single-column histograms over different attributes, each with q-error guarantees, and produces a histogram over the result of the join operation on these attributes. The join histogram is built only from the input histograms without accessing the base data or computing the join relation. Under certain restrictions, a q-error guarantee can be placed on the produced join histogram.
Single-switch AC/DC converter with power factorcorrection (1997)

A single-switch, one-stage power factor correction converter with output electrical isolation is proposed. To relieve the voltage spike caused by the leakage inductance of the power transformer, two bulk storage capacitors are used. The proposed converter has both a good power factor correction and excellent line and load regulation capabilities with an efficiency of 87%.
Magnetoelastic wireless sensing of tissue growth for self-expanding biliary stents (2007)

Tissue growth in biliary stents causes a loss of patency after only 2-12 months in 50% of cases, leading to complications such as jaundice or cholangitis. We report micro-machined resonant magnetoelastic sensors for monitoring tissue growth on biliary stents and an appropriate transmit/receive coil configuration for these sensors. An 8 mm diameter stainless steel mesh that was used as a self-expanding stent had a 33% recovery expansion in the absence of loading. Paraffin mass loads up to 251 mg simulated tissue growth on 37.5x2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 28 mum thick sensors. A resonant frequency shift from 57.85 kHz to 22.35 kHz was observed. Varying the local viscosity over the range of healthy and diseased bile gave a shift of 1 kHz. The sensor response without mounting in the stent was negligibly different.
Feasibility of forest-fire smoke detection using lidar (2003)

The feasibility and fundamentals of forest fire detection by smoke sensing with single-wavelength lidar are discussed with reference to results of 532-nm lidar measurements of smoke plumes from experimental forest fires in Portugal within the scope of the Gestosa 2001 project. The investigations included tracing smoke-plume evolution, estimating forest-fire alarm promptness, and smoke-plume location by azimuth rastering of the lidar optical axis. The possibility of locating a smoke plume whose source is out of line of sight and detection under extremely unfavourable visibility conditions was also demonstrated. The eye hazard problem is addressed and three possibilities of providing eye-safety conditions without loss of lidar sensitivity (namely, using a low energy-per-pulse and high repetition-rate laser, an expanded laser beam, or eye-safe radiation) are discussed.
Influence of Force and Torque Feedback on Operator Performance in a VR‐Based Suturing Task (2010)

The introduction of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has revolutionised surgical care, considerably improving the quality of many surgical procedures. Technological advances, particularly in robotic surgery systems, have reduced the complexity of such an approach, paving the way for even less invasive surgical trends. However, the fact that haptic feedback has been progressively lost through this transition is an issue that to date has not been solved. Whereas traditional open surgery provides full haptic feedback, the introduction of MIS has eliminated the possibility of direct palpation and tactile exploration. Nevertheless, these procedures still provide a certain amount of force feedback through the rigid laparoscopic tool. Many of the current telemanipulated robotic surgical systems in return do not provide full haptic feedback, which to a certain extent can be explained by the requirement of force sensors integrated into the tools of the slave robot and actuators in the surgeon’s master console. In view of the increased complexity and cost, the benefit of haptic feedback is open to dispute. Nevertheless, studies have shown the importance of haptic feedback, especially when visual feedback is unreliable or absent. In order to explore the importance of haptic feedback for the surgeon’s master console of a novel teleoperated robotic surgical system, we have identified a typical surgical task where performance could potentially be improved by haptic feedback, and investigate performance with and without this feedback. Two rounds of experiments are performed with 10 subjects, six of them with a medical background. Results show that feedback conditions, including force feedback, significantly improve task performance independently of the operator’s suturing experience. There is, however, no further significant improvement when torque feedback is added. Consequently, it is deduced that force feedback in translations improves subject’s dexterity, while torque feedback might not further benefit such a task.
Instrumentation and Applications of an Automated C-Terminal Fragment Peptide Fractionator for C-Terminal Sequence Analysis of Proteins (1995)

Journal Article Instrumentation and Applications of an Automated C-Terminal Fragment Peptide Fractionator for C-Terminal Sequence Analysis of Proteins Get access Kiyoshi Nokihara, Kiyoshi Nokihara 2 *Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganei, Tokyo 184†Biotechnology Instruments Department, Shimadzu CorpNishinokyo-Kuwabaracho 1, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604 2To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Central Research Institute, Shimadzu Corporation, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho 1, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604. Tel: +81-75-823-1246, Fax: +81-75-811-8186 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Naoki Morita, Naoki Morita †Biotechnology Instruments Department, Shimadzu CorpNishinokyo-Kuwabaracho 1, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rintaro Yamamoto, Rintaro Yamamoto †Biotechnology Instruments Department, Shimadzu CorpNishinokyo-Kuwabaracho 1, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jun Kondo Jun Kondo *Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganei, Tokyo 184 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 118, Issue 5, October 1995, Pages 895–899, https://doi.org/10.1093/jb/118.5.895 Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Received: 28 March 1995 Published: 01 October 1995
<title>Optical engineering challenges of the virtual retinal display</title> (1995)

The Virtual Retinal Display (VRD) is a unique approach to developing a high-resolution head- mounted display currently under development at the University of Washington's Human Interface Technology (HIT) Laboratory. Rather than looking at a screen though a magnifier or optical relay system, the viewer of the VRD has a scanned beam of light enter the pupil of the eye and focused to a spot on the retina. This type of optical system is subject to different design constraints than a typical HMD. With the VRD it may be possible to realize higher resolution, greater color saturation, higher brightness and larger field-of-view than a traditional LCD or CRT screen-based system. In this paper the author will present the VRD approach and how it can provide these advantages. Issues to be resolved for the VRD to reach its full potential and some of the solutions developed at the HIT lab will also be discussed.
Detection and deterrence of counterfeiting of valuable documents (2005)

Counterfeiting of valuable documents is an increasingly serious problem. Banknotes, drivers licenses, passports, diplomas and stock certificates are all the subjects of increasingly frequent and accurate counterfeiting efforts. This is in part due to the performance improvements of consumer inkjet printers. Design features which required great labor and skill to reproduce on an engraved-plate printing process pose essentially no difficulty to a counterfeiter armed with an accurate scanner and high-resolution color printer. We show how simple changes in banknote design coupled with possible changes in rendering engines can make the task of counterfeiting enormously more difficult.
A simple and robust quantum memristor (2016)

Memristive systems are generalisations of memristors, which are resistors with memory. In this paper, we present a quantum description of memristive systems. Using this model we propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple and practical scheme for realising memristive systems with quantum dots. The approach harnesses a phenomenon that is commonly seen as a bane of nanoelectronics, i.e. switching of a trapped charge in the vicinity of the device. We show that quantum-dot memristive systems have hysteresis current-voltage characteristics and quantum jump induced stochastic behaviour. Realising such a quantum memristor completes the menu of components for quantum circuit design.
High-Speed Multioperand Decimal Adders (2005)

There is increasing interest in hardware support for decimal arithmetic as a result of recent growth in commercial, financial, and Internet-based applications. Consequently, new specifications for decimal floating-point arithmetic have been added to the draft revision of the IEEE-754 Standard for floating-point arithmetic. This paper introduces and analyzes three techniques for performing fast decimal addition on multiple binary coded decimal (BCD) operands. Two of the techniques speculate BCD correction values and correct intermediate results while adding the input operands. The first speculates over one addition. The second speculates over two additions. The third technique uses a binary carry-save adder tree and produces a binary sum. Combinational logic is then used to correct the sum and determine the carry into the next more significant digit. Multioperand adder designs are constructed and synthesized for four to 16 input operands. Analyses are performed on the synthesis results and the merits of each technique are discussed. Finally, these techniques are compared to several previous techniques for high-speed decimal addition.
Joint Power Allocation and Cell Formation for Energy-Efficient VLC Networks (2018)

In this paper, we propose a joint cell formation and power allocation algorithms for energy efficiency (EE) maximization in visible light communication (VLC) networks. Unlike the previous works, we show that the cell formation and power allocation are interlinked problems and they should be solved jointly. We start by proposing a new algorithm for users clustering and then associating all the access points (APs) to the clustered users based on a proposed metric. Under the assumption that the vectored transmission is applied at each formed cell, we solve an optimization problem that aims to maximize the EE by allocating the powers for the users with quality of service (QoS) constraints. Then, we propose an algorithm that jointly allocates the power and decides which APs must participate in communication and which ones must be switched off. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms significantly improve the EE compared to the traditional methods and algorithms.
Influence of Excitation Conditions in Dual-Frequency Tapping-Mode Atomic Force Microscopy (2012)

In this work, the influence of excitation conditions on the performance of a dual-frequency version of tapping-mode atomic force microscopy is studied. In the authors’ previous work, a relationship was identified between the interaction force regime(s) influencing the response of the probe and the specific spectral components observed to be significant in the response. Numerical studies are performed with a three-mode approximation of an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe. This study is conducted by modifying the excitation strength to vary the free response magnitude and the response magnitude ratio, by varying the phase difference between the two excitation components, and by exploring other frequencies for the secondary excitation component. This study reveals undesirable amplitude discontinuities when the influence of the secondary excitation component is too strong, conditions where the accuracy of the relationship is improved, how the selection of the excitation phase difference can influence the results, and the potential of alternative frequency combinations. Through an improved understanding of the relationship, it may provide the means to perform simultaneous imaging and characterization with improved performance using standard AFM systems and AFM probes.
Carrier Phase and Amplitude Estimation for Phase Shift Keying Using Pilots and Data (2014)

We consider least squares estimators of carrier phase and amplitude from a noisy communications signal that contains both pilot signals, known to the receiver, and data signals, unknown to the receiver. We focus on signaling constellations that have symbols evenly distributed on the complex unit circle, i.e., M-ary phase shift keying. We show, under reasonably mild conditions on the distribution of the noise, that the least squares estimator of carrier phase is strongly consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. However, the amplitude estimator is asymptotically biased and converges to a positive real number that is a function of the true carrier amplitude, the noise distribution and the size of the constellation. This appears to be the first time that the statistical properties of a non-data-aided estimator for carrier amplitude have been analyzed theoretically. The results of Monte Carlo simulations are provided and these agree with the theoretical results.
Fabrication of RNA 3D Nanoprisms for Loading and Protection of Small RNAs and Model Drugs (2016)

Constructing containers with defined shape and size to load and protect therapeutics and subsequently control their release in the human body has long been a dream. The fabrication of 3D RNA prisms, characterized by atomic force microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is reported for the loading and protection of small molecules, proteins, small RNA molecules, and their controlled release.
A continuous-time sigma-delta modulator with switched capacitor controlled current mode feedback (2004)

This paper presents a previously unpublished technique for the reduction of the sensitivity to clock jitter in continuous-time sigma-delta modulators. Therefore, the main clock jitter source, the feedback digital-to-analog converter, is implemented by using a sloping feedback pulse-form, which is generated by a transistor current source and a circuit to generate the slope. In this first implementation, a third-order continuous-time modulator has been designed, achieving 10 bits of resolution and consuming only 250/spl mu/W from a 1.5V supply, while the jitter sensitivity could be remarkably reduced.
Nonlinear Optical Transmission of Nanographene and Its Composites (2010)

Low-cost broad-band optical limiters based on nanographene have been studied, finding optical-limiting properties superior to those of current standards, carbon fullerenes (C60) solutions and carbon black suspensions. Further examination indicates that the presence of π conjugation improves the optical-limiting responses. Superior limiting performance is retained regardless of solvent viscosity and polarity, a unique feature of graphene not observed in C60 and carbon black. Graphene suspensions in organic solvents can work under 10 Hz laser pulses without losing excellent limiting performance. More significantly, outstanding limiting properties are also preserved in a gel matrix. These nanographene-based optical limiters can thus work in solutions and solid matrixes for devices used for protecting human eyes and optical sensors from high-power lasers.
Contact Electrification Field-Effect Transistor (2014)

Utilizing the coupled metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor and triboelectric nanogenerator, we demonstrate an external force triggered/controlled contact electrification field-effect transistor (CE-FET), in which an electrostatic potential across the gate and source is created by a vertical contact electrification between the gate material and a “foreign” object, and the carrier transport between drain and source can be tuned/controlled by the contact-induced electrostatic potential instead of the traditional gate voltage. With the two contacted frictional layers vertically separated by 80 μm, the drain current is decreased from 13.4 to 1.9 μA in depletion mode and increased from 2.4 to 12.1 μA in enhancement mode at a drain voltage of 5 V. Compared with the piezotronic devices that are controlled by the strain-induced piezoelectric polarization charged at an interface/junction, the CE-FET has greatly expanded the sensing range and choices of materials in conjunction with semiconductors. The CE-FET is likely to have important applications in sensors, human–silicon technology interfacing, MEMS, nanorobotics, and active flexible electronics. Based on the basic principle of the CE-FET, a field of tribotronics is proposed for devices fabricated using the electrostatic potential created by triboelectrification as a “gate” voltage to tune/control charge carrier transport in conventional semiconductor devices. By the three-way coupling among triboelectricity, semiconductor, and photoexcitation, plenty of potentially important research fields are expected to be explored in the near future.
Polymer Spray Deposition: A Novel Aerosol-Based, Electrostatic Digital Deposition System for Additive Manufacturing (2016)

In order to address some of the shortcomings from traditional additive manufacturing methods, PARC, a Xerox Company, is developing a new additive manufacturing method for polymers that uses electrostatic patterning in combination with a new method of creating aerosols to directly pattern a wide range of thermoplastics with high resolution. Our aerosol technology takes advantage of the non-Newtonian nature of polymers to create monodisperse small droplets. In addition, we leverage ionographic printing techniques to pattern thick substrates and create digital thin films. This technology can bring 3D printing of polymers into a performance range where the technology can be used to replace more traditional techniques such as injection molding and machining.
Longitudinal Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) and Long-term Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation in Glaucoma: A Pilot Study (2021)

Our findings in this pilot study suggest that longitudinal changes in AH GDF15 may be associated with IOP fluctuation during the postoperative period. Further studies are necessary to corroborate these findings in a larger patient population and to explore the possibility that AH GDF15 may be used not only to improve treatment algorithms but also as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials.
Large-area single-mode photonic bandgap VCSELs (2004)

We demonstrate that the photonic bandgap effect can be used to control the modes of large area vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. We obtain more than 20 dB side mode suppression ratios in a 10-micron area device.
<title>Strategies for cloud-top phase determination: differentiation between thin cirrus clouds and snow in manual (ground truth) analyses</title> (1996)

Quantitative assessments on the performance of automated cloud analysis algorithms require the creation of highly accurate, manual cloud, no cloud (CNC) images from multispectral meteorological satellite data. In general, the methodology to create ground truth analyses for the evaluation of cloud detection algorithms is relatively straightforward. However, when focus shifts toward quantifying the performance of automated cloud classification algorithms, the task of creating ground truth images becomes much more complicated since these CNC analyses must differentiate between water and ice cloud tops while ensuring that inaccuracies in automated cloud detection are not propagated into the results of the cloud classification algorithm. The process of creating these ground truth CNC analyses may become particularly difficult when little or no spectral signature is evident between a cloud and its background, as appears to be the case when thin cirrus is present over snow-covered surfaces. In this paper, procedures are described that enhance the researcher's ability to manually interpret and differentiate between thin cirrus clouds and snow-covered surfaces in daytime AVHRR imagery. The methodology uses data in up to six AVHRR spectral bands, including an additional band derived from the daytime 3.7 micron channel, which has proven invaluable for the manual discrimination between thin cirrus clouds and snow. It is concluded that while the 1.6 micron channel remains essential to differentiate between thin ice clouds and snow. However, this capability that may be lost if the 3.7 micron data switches to a nighttime-only transmission with the launch of future NOAA satellites.
Study of the dissociation of neutral intermediates using charge inversion mass spectrometry (2000)

In charge inversion experiments using a tandem mass spectrometer, mass-selected positive ions are made to collide with an alkali metal target, and the resulting negative ions formed upon two-electron transfer are mass-analyzed. The internal energy depositions are measured for the so-called thermometer molecule W(CO)6. The difference between the centered value of the internal energy of W(CO)6 and the energy level of the precursor ion is in good agreement with the ionization energy of the Cs target. This correlation indicates that dissociation occurs from energy-selected neutrals formed via near-resonant neutralization.