gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition by IL-1 of endothelial cell activation induced by tumor necrosis factor or lymphotoxin. (1988)

Previous studies in this and other laboratories have demonstrated that IL-1, lymphotoxin (LT), and TNF rapidly stimulate a number of proinflammatory properties in cultured endothelial cells (EC) including cell-surface procoagulant activity and increased adhesivity for lymphocytes, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In addition, we have demonstrated that LT and TNF, but not IL-1, stimulate increases in EC RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cellular volumes, changes which may correspond to the hypertrophy of EC seen at sites of inflammation in vivo. It is reported here that both human rIL-1 alpha and rIL-1 beta totally inhibit the increases in EC RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell volumes induced by either TNF or LT. As little as 0.1 ng/ml of either IL-1 was sufficient to totally block the activation of EC induced by 100-fold higher concentrations (10 ng/ml) of either LT or TNF. The relevance of these findings to the regulation of inflammatory responses is discussed.
Visual and User-Defined Smart Contract Designing System Based on Automatic Coding (2019)

Smart contract applications based on Ethereum blockchain have been widely used in many fields. They are developed by professional developers using specialized programming languages like solidity. It requires high requirements on knowledge of the specialized field and the proficiency in contract programming. Thus, it is hard for normal users to design a usable smart contract based on their own demands. Most current studies about smart contracts focus on the security of coding while lack of friendly tools for users to design the specialized templates of contracts coding. This paper provides a visual and user-defined smart contract designing systems. It makes the development of domain-specific smart contracts simpler and visualization for contract users. The system implements the domain-specific features extraction about the crawled data sets of smart contract programs by TF-IDF and K-means++ clustering algorithm. Then, it achieves the automatic generation of unified basic function codes by Char-RNN (improved by LSTM) based on the domain-specific features. The system adopts Google Blockly and links the generated codes with UI controls. Finally, it provides a set of specialized templates of basic functions for users to design smart contracts by the friendly interface. It reduces the difficulty and costs of contract programming. The paper offers a case study to design contracts by users. The designed contracts were validated on the existing system to implement the food trading and traders' credit evaluation. The experimental results show that the designed smart contracts achieve good integration with the existing system and they can be deployed and compiled successfully.
Probing the gating mechanism of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 with the small molecule Yoda1 (2018)

Piezo proteins are transmembrane ion channels which transduce many forms of mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals. Their pore, formed by the assembly of three identical subunits, opens by an unknown mechanism. Here, to probe this mechanism, we investigate the interaction of Piezo1 with the small molecule agonist Yoda1. By engineering chimeras between mouse Piezo1 and its Yoda1-insensitive paralog Piezo2, we first identify a minimal protein region required for Yoda1 sensitivity. We next study the effect of Yoda1 on heterotrimeric Piezo1 channels harboring wild type subunits and Yoda1-insensitive mutant subunits. Using calcium imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology, we show that hybrid channels harboring as few as one Yoda1-sensitive subunit exhibit Yoda1 sensitivity undistinguishable from homotrimeric wild type channels. Our results show that the Piezo1 pore remains fully open if only one subunit remains activated. This study sheds light on the gating and pharmacological mechanisms of a member of the Piezo channel family.
Contribution of innate immune cells to pathogenesis of severe influenza virus infection (2017)

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause respiratory illness of varying severity based on the virus strains, host predisposition and pre-existing immunity. Ultimately, outcome and recovery from infection rely on an effective immune response comprising both innate and adaptive components. The innate immune response provides the first line of defence and is crucial to the outcome of infection. Airway epithelial cells are the first cell type to encounter the virus in the lungs, providing antiviral and chemotactic molecules that shape the ensuing immune response by rapidly recruiting innate effector cells such as NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. Each cell type has unique mechanisms to combat virus-infected cells and limit viral replication, however their actions may also lead to pathology. This review focuses how innate cells contribute to protection and pathology, and provides evidence for their involvement in immune pathology in IAV infections.
Signal reconstruction from modified auditory wavelet transform (1993)

The authors propose a new method for signal modification in auditory peripheral representation: an auditory wavelet transform and algorithms for reconstructing a signal from a modified wavelet transform. They present the characteristics of signal analysis, synthesis, and reconstruction and also the data reduction criteria for signal modification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards a new format for image coding (2010)

AAOur aim is the coding of image with XML text, the decoding of such descriptors and the reconstruction of the corresponding shapes. The image is assumed segmented into regions and each one is considered as shape. We present firstly a review of the textual format (LWDOS: Language for Writing Descriptors of Outline Shapes) proposed in the literature to write the geometrical description of parts and separating lines obtained by shape decomposition. In this paper we propose an XML format for writing these descriptors. and an algorithm for shape reconstruction from its descriptor. We show also how to use this result for image reconstruction. Our approach has been implemented and the obtained results encourage us to improve them in order to succeed to an XML format for image coding.
Multi-Field FE Modeling of Resistive Heating in a 6061-T6511 Aluminum Specimen (2006)

Electric current's effect on material mechanical properties has been of interest since it can lessen the mechanical energy associated with deforming/working a material. The objective of this work is to have a representative model of the thermal/structural effects of electricity on a tensile specimen so that the simple effect of temperature can be separated from any mechanical material property changes due to the electric current. The finite element models in this study were generated and their results were compared to experimental data obtained from a representative tensile test. Comparison with the experimental results on material engineering stress-strain curves and transient temperature profiles offers assurance for the further use of FEA as a significant tool in understanding the electrical effects on material properties. A multi-field large deformation finite element model for a cylindrical tensile bar of 6061-T6511 aluminum is developed to evaluate the distribution of temperature within the specimen. The model also evaluates the stress-strain characteristics of the material while the specimen is carrying a large DC current and being deformed. The simulation results are compared to surface infrared temperature measurements in order to verify the FE model first and then to attain more qualitative and possibly quantitative insight into the effects of electric field.
Improved Single-Ion Conductivity of Polymer Electrolyte via Accelerated Segmental Dynamics (2020)

Single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes (SICPEs) have many advantages for solid-state battery applications, while low conductivities remain the bottleneck for their practical applications. Herein, a strategy that can significantly improve the ionic conductivity of SICPEs based on the concept of accelerated segmental dynamics was demonstrated by the evaluation of the thermal property, rheological behavior, morphology analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and conductivity performance. With both “soft” poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) backbone and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains, the obtained SICPE possesses faster segmental relaxation and higher lithium-ion conductivity. With lithium “transference” number close to unity, the obtained SICPE also shows excellent electrochemical stability against lithium metal electrodes. The clear relationship established between the segmental dynamics of polymer electrolyte and its ionic conductivity should contribute to achieve a solid electrolyte with improved ionic conductivity toward the next-generation solid-state battery.
Ionomeric Poly(phenylene) Prepared by Diels−Alder Polymerization:  Synthesis and Physical Properties of a Novel Polyelectrolyte (2005)

A series of poly(phenylene)-based polyelectrolytes were synthesized from 1,4-bis(2,4,5-triphenylcyclopentadienone)benzene and 1,4-diethynylbenzene by Diels−Alder polymerization. Postsulfonation of this high molecular weight and thermochemically stable poly(phenylene) with chlorosulfonic acid resulted in homogeneous polyelectrolytes with controllable ion content (IEC = 0.98−2.2 mequiv/g). Fuel cell relevant properties such as high proton conductivity (123 mS/cm), chemical/thermal stability, and film toughness suggest that this polyelectrolyte material shows promise as a potential candidate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Physical properties of this material, such as water uptake, thermal stability, and proton conductivity, are reported with respect to ion exchange capacity and compared to Nafion and a series of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s.
Human Vision Reconstruction using Brain Activity Profiles (2018)

The visual cue understandings of the human frequently happen at the occipital lobe of the brain with a fantastic mapping process. Nowadays, the ability of reconstruction of visual cues from the human cerebrum activities using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is an active research field under neuropsychological research. This research would bring scope for those suffering on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or those affected by psychotic disorders. This capability is also called a theory of mind (ToM). Also, this ability has evolved a long time, especially in primates, because of selection pressure brought about by increasing social complexity. This speculation is called “social brain hypothesisa" Few researchers have suggested mapping techniques that can reconstruct a digital image of what a person is picturing in their mind, by merely considering their electrical activity of the brain as fMRI voxel information. During the gathering of voxel information for experiments, it usually is required to display the participants the MNIST digit images, faces of many individuals, one-by-one, on the computer screen, in parallel to recording event of their brain activity. There are open research challenges to develop efficient reconstruction models to predict the potential space of mapping the human vision from voxel data. Primarily, this mapping algorithm identified the pattern of brain signals related to the mental image and reproduced it as a digital image. The primary goal is to propose a new stimuli recreation technique, in which the voxel data and corresponding pixel information will correlate with an in-depth learning approach based on latent-variable distributions. This reconstruction method mainly depends on the observed brain activity patterns in the form of physiological modalities fMRI or EEG. In this work, we will also study the scope for exploiting the spatiotemporal EEG data to decide the neural associates of visual scene portrayals and to recreate the presence of the comparing stimuli.
CTCF as a multifunctional protein in genome regulation and gene expression (2015)

CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a highly conserved zinc finger protein and is best known as a transcription factor. It can function as a transcriptional activator, a repressor or an insulator protein, blocking the communication between enhancers and promoters. CTCF can also recruit other transcription factors while bound to chromatin domain boundaries. The three-dimensional organization of the eukaryotic genome dictates its function, and CTCF serves as one of the core architectural proteins that help establish this organization. The mapping of CTCF-binding sites in diverse species has revealed that the genome is covered with CTCF-binding sites. Here we briefly describe the diverse roles of CTCF that contribute to genome organization and gene expression.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis Versus Mixed Acanthamoeba and Bacterial Keratitis: Comparison of Clinical and Microbiological Profiles (2020)

Bacterial coinfection is common in patients with Acanthamoeba keratitis. Coinfection did not point toward a worse clinical disease at presentation or outcome.
Variable Frequency Controller for Inductive Power Transfer in Dynamic Conditions (2016)

Inductive power transfer is a highly attractive option for powering unmanned aerial or underwater vehicles, in harsh environments and while in continuous motion. This study presents a variable frequency controller for series-series compensated contactless chargers operating in dynamic conditions. The controller tracks, in real time, the frequency for which the output voltage is load independent. The criterion for that is the zeroing of the phase difference between the secondary current and the primary-side inverter output voltage. Control is performed by a phase-locked loop with optical communication between the two sides. Experimental results on a 1-kW prototype, for power transfer while in motion, show fast frequency response, along with steady output voltage, despite load variations. Comparison is performed with two other fixed frequencies of operation; the natural frequency of the primary resonant circuit and the maximum output power frequency at nominal gap. The proposed control is proven superior in terms of output power level and stability, as well as safety to highly misaligned conditions.
Research progress in phthalonitrile resins (2012)

The thermal polymerization behavior,mechanism and processing characteristics of phthalonitrile(PN) resins were introducted.The advances in the thermal properties,mechanical properties,water absorption,and conductivity studies,modification and application developments of PN resins in recent years were reviewed.The future research direction of PN resins was presented.
Relationship between the Surface Coverage of Spectator Species and the Rate of Electrocatalytic Reactions (2007)

Relationships between the surface coverage of spectator (blocking) species and the rate of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and the bulk oxidation of dissolved CO on Pt(100) and Pt(111) single crystals in acidic electrolytes has been probed by cyclic voltammetry, in situ surface X-ray scattering (SXS), and ex situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques. It is shown that the surface coverage by spectator species during the HOR and the ORR are the same as for the corresponding coverage obtained in the inert (Ar-saturated) environment. This observation is consistent with the proposition that the availability of active sites for H2 and O2 is determined almost entirely by the coverage of adsorbates from the supporting electrolyte and not by the active intermediates. Related electrochemical-SXS studies undertaken for bulk CO oxidation reveal that the maximum rate above the ignition potential is reached on a surface that is covered by ≈90% of an ordered CO adlayer. The nature of the active sites in this case is determined by a combination of electrochemical and STM results. It is found that the active sites in this potential region are steps, which appear to be active sites for OH adsorption. To get insight into the relationship between the diffusion-limiting current and the surface coverage by the inactive CO adlayer, we introduce the concept of a partially blocked electrode surface with active and inactive areas. On the basis of the calculations and experimental results, it is proposed that the active sites for given electrochemical reactions on Pt electrodes are arrays of adsorbate-free nanoscale patches embedded in an inactive adlayer of nonreactive molecular species.
All-silicon and epitaxially grown III-V-on-silicon photodetectors for on-chip optical interconnection applications (2013)

In this paper we review our recent progress in two complementary approaches to photodetectors on silicon photonic chips for on-chip optical interconnection applications, namely epitaxially grown III-V-on-silicon and all-silicon microcavity-enhanced photodetectors, both for the 1550nm wavelengths. On the epitaxially grown III-V-on-silicon photodetectors front, we have demonstrated both normal-incidence and waveguide-butt-coupled p-i-n photodetectors. We simulate the silicon waveguide butt-coupling to the InGaAs absorption region and estimate the absorption efficiency using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. We optimize the InGaAs absorption region in order to attain a bandwidth of 46 GHz. We also report our latest experimental demonstration of all-silicon microresonator enhanced linear-absorption photodetectors using defect-state absorption in pn-diode-integrated microresonators. Our initial experiments reveal the measured bandwidths to be exceeding 10 GHz.
Protection of A 2,6-Dialkylaniline: Synthesis of 4-Dimethylmethoxysilyl-2,6-Diethylaniline (1986)

Abstract The synthesis of 4-dimethylmethoxysilyl-2,6-diethylani-line (1) from 2,6-diethylaniline (2) is described. An intermediate in the process, disilazane 5 appears to be the first 2,6-dialkylaniline to be protected with 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-1,4-dichlorodisilethylene (4).
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes (2010)

Breast cancer progression involves multiple genetic events, which can activate dominant-acting oncogenes and disrupt the function of specific tumor suppressor genes. This article describes several key oncogene and tumor suppressor signaling networks that have been implicated in breast cancer progression. Among the tumor suppressors, the article emphasizes BRCA1/2 and p53 tumor suppressors. In addition to these well characterized tumor suppressors, the article highlights the importance of PTEN tumor suppressor in counteracting PI3K signaling from activated oncogenes such as ErbB2. This article discusses the use of mouse models of human breast that recapitulate the key genetic events involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Finally, the therapeutic potential of targeting these key tumor suppressor and oncogene signaling networks is discussed.
Parylene-membrane piezoresistive pressure sensors with XeF<inf>2</inf>-etched cavity (2008)

Pressure sensors have been fabricated based on a deformable parylene C membrane over a cavity etched in silicon. The cavity is obtained by XeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> etching, using a parylene mask composed of an array of holes. A subsequent parylene deposition fills the holes, thus sealing the cavity and completing the membrane. Gold piezoresistors are used to sense the membrane deformation. Compared to traditional pressure sensor designs, this process is more easily integrated into other processes, as no double-side machining or wet silicon etching is needed. The use of parylene is advantageous under certain points of view. First, it protects the piezoresistors and silicon, due to its well known barrier and chemical inertness properties. Second, contrary to other materials commonly used to fabricate pressure sensor membranes (e.g., polysilicon, silicon nitride), parylene is flexible, and thus more resistant to shocks. These two reasons make the sensor useful in chemically and physically harsh environments.
A comparison of beam characteristics for gated and nongated clinical x-ray beams (1999)

Respiratory gating has only recently been applied to conventional external beam radiotherapy. In order for respiratory gating to be used clinically, an evaluation of the dosimetric effects of small units of delivered dose must be performed. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the effect of various gating sequences on x-ray central axis output, ionization ratios (nominal accelerating potential), beam flatness, and beam symmetry. Measurements were taken for 6 and 18 MV photons on a linear accelerator that generates the gate by using a gridded electron gun to stop the electron flow to the wave-guide. The beam output, energy, flatness, and symmetry did not vary by more than 0.8 percent in most of the gating sequences. The maximum output deviations (0.8 percent), flatness deviations (1.9 percent), and symmetry deviations (0.8 percent) occurred when a low number of monitor units (<5 MU) were delivered in the gating window. Although these deviations are not clinically significant, each linear accelerator should be evaluated carefully before clinical implementation.
ALD of Hafnium Oxide Thin Films from Tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)hafnium and Ozone (2005)

Hafnium oxide thin films were deposited from tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)hafnium (TEMAH) and ozone by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on 200 mm silicon wafers. The half-reaction shows good saturation behavior. However, gradual surface saturation is observed for the TEMAH half-reaction. Within wafer non-uniformity of less than 1% and step coverage of about 100% were achieved for trenches with aspect ratio of around 40:1. The film thickness increased linearly as the number of cycles increased. From susceptor temperatures of 160-420°C, the lowest deposition rate (Å/cycle) and the highest refractive index is observed at 320°C. The atomic ratio of hafnium to oxygen determined by Rutherford backscattering is 1:2.04 for the films deposited at 320°C. The carbon and hydrogen content determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) decreased as the susceptor temperature increased from 200 to 320°C. Lower carbon and hydrogen levels were obtained in the control films made with than the films made with A reaction mechanism of the ALD process is discussed. The results show that an -based ALD deposition is promising for microelectronic applications. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Scalable topographies to support proliferation and Oct4 expression by human induced pluripotent stem cells (2016)

It is well established that topographical features modulate cell behaviour, including cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation. To define the effects of topography on human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we plated cells on a topographical library containing over 1000 different features in medium lacking animal products (xeno-free). Using high content imaging, we determined the effect of each topography on cell proliferation and expression of the pluripotency marker Oct4 24 h after seeding. Features that maintained Oct4 expression also supported proliferation and cell-cell adhesion at 24 h, and by 4 days colonies of Oct4-positive, Sox2-positive cells had formed. Computational analysis revealed that small feature size was the most important determinant of pluripotency, followed by high wave number and high feature density. Using this information we correctly predicted whether any given topography within our library would support the pluripotent state at 24 h. This approach not only facilitates the design of substrates for optimal human iPSC expansion, but also, potentially, identification of topographies with other desirable characteristics, such as promoting differentiation.