gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3633: Combination of innate immune activators stimulates leukocyte populations in the tumor microenvironment (2014)

Abstract Tumor microenvironment (TME) harbors a multitude of immune cells which can comprise up to 50% of the tumor. The most abundant cells in the TME often are tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and tumor associated neutrophils (TAN). These cells potentially possess anti-tumoral cytotoxic effects, and have the potential to induce a broad range of cellular immune responses. However, in the developing tumor, due to elements secreted by the tumor cells, TAM and TAN are altered to act in a pro-tumor manner. The purpose of our study was the optimization and characterization of a treatment aimed at inducing an anti-tumoral response of innate immune cells in the TME. In a melanoma B16 mice model, micro-particles carrying targeting and induction components were injected intra-tumorally and the responses of the tumors, including immune cells populations were monitored. Without treatment the CD45+ cells ratio of total TME decreased as tumor progressed. Particles carrying Toll-like receptor ligands inhibited tumor growth, inducing significant elevation of CD45+ cells in the TME. Using different inducing molecules (inducers) or simultaneous use of several inducers enabled the stimulation of specific immune cell populations within the tumor. The current study suggests that by using tumor targeted particles with adequate inducers, one could change the tumor microenvironment innate immune cells toward an anti-tumor response. Citation Format: Ehud Shahar, Raphael Gorodetsky, Elina Aizenshtein, Jacob Pitcovski. Combination of innate immune activators stimulates leukocyte populations in the tumor microenvironment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3633. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3633
Within-die gate delay variability measurement using re-configurable ring oscillator (2008)

We report a circuit technique to measure the on-chip delay of an individual logic gate (both inverting and non-inverting) in its unmodified form using digitally reconfigurable ring oscillator (RO). Solving a system of linear equations with different configuration setting of the RO gives delay of an individual gate. Experimental results from a test chip in 65nm process node show the feasibility of measuring the delay of an individual inverter to within 1pS accuracy. Delay measurements of different nominally identical inverters in close physical proximity show variations of up to 26% indicating the large impact of local or within-die variations.
Homeobox Msx1 Interacts with p53 Tumor Suppressor and Inhibits Tumor Growth by Inducing Apoptosis (2005)

The stability of wild-type p53 is critical for its apoptotic function. In some cancers, wild-type p53 is inactivated by interaction with viral and cellular proteins, and restoration of its activity has therapeutic potential. Here, we identify homeobox Msx1 as a p53-interacting protein and show its novel function as a p53 regulator. Overexpression of homeobox Msx1 induced apoptosis of cancer cells harboring nonfunctional wild-type p53 and suppressed growth of human tumor xenografts in nude mice. The homeodomain of Msx1 functions as a protein-protein interacting motif rather than a DNA-binding domain and is essential for stabilization, nuclear accumulation, and apoptotic function of wild-type p53. The identification of a novel function of Msx1 as a p53 regulator may open new avenues for developing improved molecular therapies for tumors with a nonmutational p53 inactivation mechanism.
Design of a Mechanism for Biaxial Rotation of a Wing for a Hovering Vehicle (2006)

This paper presents a novel mechanism to actuate the wings of a hovering micro air vehicle (MAV). The mechanism uses a single actuator, but each wing can rotate about two orthogonal axes. The goal of this work is to design a light-weight compact mechanism that flaps the wings, inspired from the wing motion of hummingbird and hovering insects, to generate enough lift for the vehicle to hover. This paper explains in detail the proposed mechanism and its working prototypes. Also, the paper presents a dynamic simulation of the mechanism. The proposed dynamic simulation is used to predict the theoretical lift of the ornithopter. Further, the theoretical model is supported by actual experimental data collected from the prototype. The experimental data shows that the vehicle has the potential to develop enough lift to hover
Portable natural gas leak detector for survey inspections (2006)

A diode laser based natural gas leak detector has been developed that can measure methane concentrations over six orders of magnitude, from ambient (1.7 ppm) to pure gas levels. The detection method utilizes a small multipass cell and wavelength modulation absorption spectroscopy. At high methane concentration, various forms of unmodulated absorption spectroscopy are used. The instrument is a handheld unit that operates on less than 2 W of power and weighs 1.4 kg (including battery). A small pump on the unit pulls outside gas into the enclosed optical cell through an extendable probe. The response time of the instrument is approximately 1 - 2 sec.
A new approach to removing H atoms in hydrogen depassivation lithography (2020)

Hydrogen deppasivation lithography (HDL) carried out by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is used to make patterns of Si dimers on a hydrogen passivated silicon surface. In this paper we discuss a new STM mode of operation that is highly suitable for removing single H atoms from the surface. This is made possible by changes we have made to the STM feedback control system that allows the STM to remove hydrogen atoms without switching the operational mode from imaging to lithography. Employing this method can potentially reduce the chance of tip-sample crash and increase the lithography precision.
Expert-level detection of acute intracranial hemorrhage on head computed tomography using deep learning (2019)

Computed tomography (CT) of the head is used worldwide to diagnose neurologic emergencies. However, expertise is required to interpret these scans, and even highly trained experts may miss subtle life-threatening findings. For head CT, a unique challenge is to identify, with perfect or near-perfect sensitivity and very high specificity, often small subtle abnormalities on a multislice cross-sectional (three-dimensional [3D]) imaging modality that is characterized by poor soft tissue contrast, low signal-to-noise using current low radiation-dose protocols, and a high incidence of artifacts. We trained a fully convolutional neural network with 4,396 head CT scans performed at the University of California at San Francisco and affiliated hospitals and compared the algorithm's performance to that of 4 American Board of Radiology (ABR) certified radiologists on an independent test set of 200 randomly selected head CT scans. Our algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy to date for this clinical application, with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.991 ± 0.006 for identification of examinations positive for acute intracranial hemorrhage, and also exceeded the performance of 2 of 4 radiologists. We demonstrate an end-to-end network that performs joint classification and segmentation with examination-level classification comparable to experts, in addition to robust localization of abnormalities, including some that are missed by radiologists, both of which are critically important elements for this application.
Controlling the temporal behavior of photon emission from a quantum dot molecule (2017)

We demonstrate that properties of photons emitted from a doubly charged quantum dot molecule can be modified using spin-flip Raman emission. The temporal and spectral bandwidth of the emission matches that of the pulsed laser.
In-situ Particulate Contamination Studies In Process Plasmas (1990)

Laser light scattering measurements show that a variety of processing plasmas used during semiconductor fabrication produce significant amounts of in-situ, particulate contamination. The particles are produced by chemical and/or mechanical means during plasma exposure. In etching plasmas, simultaneous measurement of particulates by laser light scattering and of plasma negative ions by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence indicates the particles are negatively charged and are electrostatically trapped at the sheath boundaries. Similar observations have been obtained in sputtering plasmas. Mechanisms for particle formation are suggested. In some cases, nucleation and growth from plasma negative ions and etch products is indicated. In other cases, stress-inducing processes may fracture thin films on chamber surfaces thereby injecting particles into the plasma. These particles become negatively charged by acquiring electrons from the plasma. In each case, the particles are suspended at the sheath boundaries and drop onto the wafer when the if power is turned off, thereby contaminating critical product surfaces. The use of an inexpensive HeNe laser for monitoring particle contamination levels during processing is discussed along with implications of this work for dry process equipment technology.
Plasma levels of endothelial protein C receptor respond to anticoagulant treatment (2002)

The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) facilitates protein C activation and plays a protective role in the response to Escherichia coli-mediated sepsis in primates. Previously, a soluble form of EPCR (sEPCR) in human plasma was characterized, and several studies indicated that generation of sEPCR is regulated by inflammatory mediators, including thrombin-mediated up-regulation of surface metalloproteolytic activity in vitro. This study addressed the question of whether plasma sEPCR levels reflect changes in thrombin generation in patients undergoing anticoagulant treatment. The sEPCR levels in patients treated with coumarin-type oral anticoagulants were significantly lower than those in healthy asymptomatic adult volunteers (105.3 +/- 70.8 ng/mL [n = 55] versus 165.8 +/- 115.8 ng/mL [n = 200]; P <.0001). A similar decline in plasma sEPCR levels was found in patients treated with unfractionated heparin. In healthy volunteers, sEPCR levels declined to about 100 ng/mL within 3 days after initiation of an 8-day period of warfarin administration and increased within 2 days after its cessation. Plasma sEPCR levels returned to pretreatment values within 1 week, and the changes in plasma sEPCR levels mirrored changes in values for international normalized ratios. A similar decline in sEPCR levels with time was observed in 7 patients beginning treatment with warfarin for a thrombotic disorder. Prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 levels also decreased in volunteers and patients given warfarin. These results show that plasma sEPCR levels decline in response to treatment with anticoagulants whose mechanism of action is known to decrease in vivo thrombin production.
Automatic detection of arterial input function in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI based on affinity propagation clustering (2013)

The Fast-AP-based method enables automatic AIF detection with high accuracy and efficiency.
Multilayer Silicon Nitride-on-Silicon Integrated Photonic Platforms (2015)

Progress in multilayer silicon nitride on silicon integrated photonic platforms will be presented. Such platforms enable improved passive photonic components in the telecommunication wavelength bands integrated with active silicon (and potentially hybrid silicon) components, while remaining compatible with wafer-scale silicon foundry fabrication and packaging processes. The reduced losses, scattering, thermo-optic coefficient, nonlinearity of moderate refractive index contrast silicon nitride waveguides compared to silicon waveguides motivate the development of such multilayer photonic platforms.
Automatic 3-language cross-language information retrieval with latent semantic indexing (1997)

This paper describes cross-language informationretrieval experiments carried out for TREC-6. Our retrieval method, cross-language latent semantic indexing (CL-LSI), is completely automatic and we were able to use it to create a 3-way EnglishFrench -German IR system. This study extends our previous work in terms of the large size of training and testing corpora, the use of low-quality training data, the evaluation using relevance judgments, and the number of languages analyzed. Introduction Cross-language LSI (CL-LSI) is a fully automatic method for cross-language document retrieval in which no query translation is required. Queries in one language can retrieve documents in other languages (as well as the original language). This is accomplished by a method that automatically constructs a multi-lingual semantic space using latent semantic indexing (LSI); this semantic space is exploited in the form of a vector lexicon, which assigns each word in each language to a point in the high-dim...
Applications of Gene Replacement Technology to <i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i> Strain Development for Clavulanic Acid Production (2001)

ABSTRACT Cephamycin C production was blocked in wild-type cultures of the clavulanic acid-producing organism Streptomyces clavuligerus by targeted disruption of the gene ( lat ) encoding lysine ɛ-aminotransferase. Specific production of clavulanic acid increased in the lat mutants derived from the wild-type strain by 2- to 2.5-fold. Similar beneficial effects on clavulanic acid production were noted in previous studies when gene disruption was used to block the production of the non-clavulanic acid clavams produced by S. clavuligerus . Therefore, mutations in lat and in cvm1 , a gene involved in clavam production, were introduced into a high-titer industrial strain of S. clavuligerus to create a double mutant with defects in production of both cephamycin C and clavams. Production of both cephamycin C and non-clavulanic acid clavams was eliminated in the double mutant, and clavulanic acid titers increased about 10% relative to those of the parental strain. This represents the first report of the successful use of genetic engineering to eliminate undesirable metabolic pathways in an industrial strain used for the production of an antibiotic important in human medicine.
Automatic jewelry identification and evaluation based on imaging-assisted Raman spectroscopy (2022)

Gemstone identification and evaluation for jewelry pieces are limited by the interference from the surrounding metal mount and adjacent gemstones. To maintain transparency in the jewelry market, here we propose an imaging-assisted scanning Raman/photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy for mounted gemstone measurement. The system can automatically align and measure multiple gemstones samples on a jewelry piece sequentially. The experimental prototype demonstrates capability of noninvasively measurement for separating natural diamond from its lab-grown counterparts and diamond simulants, identifying popular color gemstones, and using the color image for gemstone color evaluation and weight estimation.
A NEW METHOD FOR ASSESSMENT OF FETAL LUNG MATURITY (1976)

Summary A new method for evaluation of fetal lung maturity in utero is described. The method is based on the fluorescence polarization (P) of the lipids in the amniotic fluid after labelling with a special dye. Tests performed with 49 amniotic fluid samples drawn from 33 pregnancies clearly demonstrated a decrease in P during gestation which correlated with the increase in the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) in the fluid. During gestation the P value at 24°C decreased steadily from about 0.4 to 0.2 and the value of P (24°C)= 0.310 has been tentatively chosen as the threshold above which respiratory distress syndrome may develop. The described method, which requires a specially designed instrument, offers a series of important advantages over the presently available methods. It is simple, rapid, highly accurate and reproducible, and independent of amniotic fluid volume. The P value reflects the microviscosity in the whole lipid assembly of amniotic fluid and is not confined specifically to lecithin.
Inspection of Defect-Induced Mode Coupling in Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers Using Time-of-Flight (2015)

We analyze defect-induced mode coupling in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber using time-of-flight, and show its utility in complementing optical time-domain reflectometry.
High Luminescence Efficiency in MoS<sub>2</sub> Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2016)

One of the major challenges facing the rapidly growing field of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is the development of growth techniques to enable large-area synthesis of high-quality materials. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is one of the leading techniques for the synthesis of TMDCs; however, the quality of the material produced is limited by defects formed during the growth process. A very useful nondestructive technique that can be utilized to probe defects in semiconductors is the room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY). It was recently demonstrated that a PL QY near 100% can be obtained in MoS2 and WS2 monolayers prepared by micromechanical exfoliation by treating samples with an organic superacid: bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI). Here we have performed a thorough exploration of this chemical treatment on CVD-grown MoS2 samples. We find that the as-grown monolayers must be transferred to a secondary substrate, which releases strain, to obtain high QY by TFSI treatment. Furthermore, we find that the sulfur precursor temperature during synthesis of the MoS2 plays a critical role in the effectiveness of the treatment. By satisfying the aforementioned conditions we show that the PL QY of CVD-grown monolayers can be improved from ∼0.1% in the as-grown case to ∼30% after treatment, with enhancement factors ranging from 100 to 1500× depending on the initial monolayer quality. We also found that after TFSI treatment the PL emission from MoS2 films was visible by eye despite the low absorption (5-10%). The discovery of an effective passivation strategy will speed the development of scalable high-performance optoelectronic and electronic devices based on MoS2.
High-Definition Nanoimprint Stamp Fabrication by Atomic Layer Etching (2018)

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has the potential for low-cost and high-throughput nanoscale fabrication. However, the NIL quality and resolution are usually limited by the shape and size of the nanoimprint stamp features. Atomic layer etching (ALE) can provide a damage-free pattern transfer with ultimate etch control for features of all length scales, down to the atomic scale, and for all feature geometries, which is required for good quality and high-resolution nanoimprint stamp fabrication. Here, we present an ALE process for nanoscale pattern transfer and high-resolution nanoimprint stamp preparation. This ALE process is based on chemical adsorption of a monoatomic layer of dichloride (Cl2) on the silicon surface, followed by the removal of a monolayer of Cl2-modified silicon by argon bombardment. The nanopatterns of different geometries, loadings, and pitches were fabricated by electron beam lithography on a silicon wafer, and ALE was subsequently performed for pattern transfer using a resist as an etch mask. The post-ALE patterns allowed us to study the different effects and limitations of the process, such as trenching and sidewall tapering. The ALE-processed silicon wafers were used as hard nanoimprint stamps in a thermal nanoimprint process. Features as small as 30 nm were successfully transferred into a poly(methyl methacrylate) layer, which demonstrated the great potential of ALE in fabricating nanoimprint stamps with ultrahigh resolution.
Extended Self-Similar Pulse Evolution in a Laser with Dispersion-Decreasing Fiber (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Liu, F. Yu, A. Chong, J. C. Knight, and F. Wise, "Extended Self-Similar Pulse Evolution in a Laser with Dispersion-Decreasing Fiber," in CLEO: 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper CM2I.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
High-frequency permalloy permeability extracted from scattering parameters (2004)

We report a ferromagnetic thin film characterization method and the measured microwave permeability of patterned permalloy films. The method incorporates ferromagnetic materials with transmission lines and extracts RLCG equivalent circuit elements from scattering parameters. The frequency-dependent effective permeability is then obtained from the incremental R and L caused by the ferromagnetic material. The measured high-frequency losses of thin permalloy (Ni80Fe20) films between 1 and 20 GHz show that geometry design restrains ferromagnetic resonance and eddy-current effects effectively. Above ∼22 GHz, mode conversion occurs in the test structures. Other broadband structures are necessary for further extractions.
Mobile nanotweezers for active colloidal manipulation (2018)

An important goal in nanotechnology is to control and manipulate submicrometer objects in fluidic environments, for which optical traps based on strongly localized electromagnetic fields around plasmonic nanostructures can provide a promising solution. Conventional plasmonics based trapping occurs at predefined spots on the surface of a nanopatterned substrate and is severely speed-limited by the diffusion of colloidal objects into the trapping volume. As we demonstrate, these limitations can be overcome by integrating plasmonic nanostructures with magnetically driven helical microrobots and maneuvering the resultant mobile nanotweezers (MNTs) under optical illumination. These nanotweezers can be remotely maneuvered within the bulk fluid and temporarily stamped onto the microfluidic chamber surface. The working range of these MNTs matches that of state-of-the-art plasmonic tweezers and allows selective pickup, transport, release, and positioning of submicrometer objects with great speed and accuracy. The MNTs can be used in standard microfluidic chambers to manipulate one or many nano-objects in three dimensions and are applicable to a variety of materials, including bacteria and fluorescent nanodiamonds. MNTs may allow previously unknown capabilities in optical nanomanipulation by combining the strengths of two recent advances in nanotechnology.
A Redox Responsive, Fluorescent Supramolecular Metallohydrogel Consists of Nanofibers with Single-Molecule Width (2013)

The integration of a tripeptide derivative, which is a versatile self-assembly motif, with a ruthenium(II)tris(bipyridine) complex affords the first supramolecular metallo-hydrogelator that not only self assembles in water to form a hydrogel but also exhibits gel-sol transition upon oxidation of the metal center. Surprisingly, the incorporation of the metal complex in the hydrogelator results in the nanofibers, formed by the self-assembly of the hydrogelator in water, to have the width of a single molecule of the hydrogelator. These results illustrate that metal complexes, besides being able to impart rich optical, electronic, redox, or magnetic properties to supramolecular hydrogels, also offer a unique geometrical control to prearrange the self-assembly motif prior to self-assembling. The use of metal complexes to modulate the dimensionality of intermolecular interactions may also help elucidate the interactions of the molecular nanofibers with other molecules, thus facilitating the development of supramolecular hydrogel materials for a wide range of applications.