gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RUBYVEE TOMATO (1983)

Rubyvee is a midseason, paste-type tomato introduced for processing as whole-pack, juice or sauce. It is suitable for machine harvesting. Fruit size is sufficiently large for hand picking.Key words: Tomato, breeding, processing, machine harvesting, vegetables
Identification and location of bone‐forming cells within cartilage canals on their course into the secondary ossification centre (2006)

Osteoblasts and osteocytes derive from the same precursors, and osteocytes are terminally differentiated osteoblasts. These two cell types are distinguishable by their morphology, localization and levels of expression of various bone cell-specific markers. In the present study on the chicken femur we investigated the properties of the mesenchymal cells within cartilage canals on their course into the secondary ossification centre (SOC). We examined several developmental stages after hatching by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Cartilage canals appeared as extensions of the perichondrium into the developing distal epiphysis and they were arranged in a complex network. Within the epiphysis an SOC was formed and cartilage canals penetrated into it. In addition, they were successively incorporated into the SOC during its growth in the radial direction. Thus, the canals provided this centre with mesenchymal cells and vessels. It should be emphasized that regression of cartilage canals could never be observed in the growing bone. Outside the SOC the mesenchymal cells of the canals expressed type I collagen and periostin and thus these cells had the characteristics of preosteoblasts. Periostin was also expressed by numerous chondrocytes. Within the SOC the synthesis of periostin was down-regulated and the majority of osteoblasts were periostin negative. Furthermore, osteocytes did not secret this protein. Tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) staining was only detectable where matrix vesicles were present. These vesicles were found around the blind end of cartilage canals within the SOC where newly formed osteoid started to mineralize. The vesicles originated from osteoblasts as well as from late osteoblasts/preosteocytes and thus TNAP was only expressed by these cells. Our results provide evidence that the mesenchymal cells of cartilage canals express various bone cell-specific markers depending on their position. We suggest that these cells differentiate from preosteoblasts into osteocytes on their course into the SOC and consider that cartilage canals are essential for normal bone development within the epiphysis. Furthermore, we propose that the expression of periostin by preosteoblasts and several chondrocytes is required for adhesion of these cells to the extracellular matrix.
Optimal stress locations in finite element models (1976)

Abstract The existence of optimal points for calculating accurate stresses within finite element models is discussed. A method for locating such points is proposed and applied to several popular finite elements.
Pronunciation Training on Isolated Kannada Words Using "Kannada Kali" - A Cloud Based Smart Phone Application (2018)

Automated feedback on pronunciation system on a smart phone is useful for a student trying to learn a new language at his or her own pace. The objective of our re-search is to implement a pronunciation training system with minimal language specific data. Our proposed system consists of an Android application as a front-end, and a pronunciation evaluation and mispronunciation detection framework as the back-end hosted on a cloud. We conduct our experiments on spoken isolated words in Kannada. Our pronunciation evaluation(for spoken word) implementation on the cloud involves training a classifier with features from Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Line Spectral Frequencies (LSF) and, without directly on LSF (without DTW). We study the performance of different machine learning algorithms for pronunciation rating. We propose a novel semi-supervised approach for detecting mispronounced segments of a word using Self Organizing Maps (SOM) that are also deployed on the cloud. Our implementation of SOM learns the features of an automatically segmented reference speech. The trained SOM is then used to determine the deviations in the learner's pronunciation. We evaluate our system on 1169 Kannada audio samples from students around 18 to 25 years of age. The Kannada words considered are taken from textbooks of first and second grade (considering learners as beginners who do not know Kannada) and include 2 to 5 syllable words. We report accuracy on binary classification and multi-class classification for different classifiers. The mispronounced segments detected using SOM correlate with the human ratings. Our approach of pronunciation evaluation and mispronunciation detection is based on minimal data and does not require a speech recognition system.
Effect of fiber length and composition on mechanical properties of carbon fiber‐reinforced polybenzoxazine (2008)

Abstract The mechanical strength and modulus of chopped carbon fiber (CF)‐reinforced polybenzoxazine composites were investigated by changing the length of CFs. Tensile, compressive, and flexural properties were investigated. The void content was found to be higher for the short fiber composites. With increase in fiber length, tensile strength increased and optimized at around 17 mm fiber length whereas compressive strength exhibited a continuous diminution. The flexural strength too increased with fiber length and optimized at around 17 mm fiber length. The increase in strength of composites with fiber length is attributed to the enhancement in effective contact area of fibers with the matrix. The experimental results showed that there was about 350% increase in flexural strength and 470% increase in tensile strength of the composites with respect to the neat polybenzoxazine, while, compressive properties were adversely affected. The composites exhibited an optimum increase of about 800% in flexural modulus and 200% in tensile modulus. Enhancing the fiber length, leads to fiber entanglement in the composites, resulted in increased plastic deformation at higher strain. Multiple branch matrix shear, debonded fibers and voids were the failures visualized in the microscopic analyses. Defibrillation has been exhibited by all composites irrespective of fiber length. Fiber debonding and breaking were associated with short fibers whereas clustering and defibrillation were the major failure modes in long fiber composites. Increasing fiber loading improved the tensile and flexural properties until 50–60 wt% of fiber whereas the compressive property consistently decreased on fiber loading. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smoothelin, a novel cytoskeletal protein specific for smooth muscle cells. (1996)

The characterization of a novel 59-kD cytoskeletal protein is described. It is exclusively observed in smooth muscle cells by Northern blotting and immunohistochemical analysis and therefore designated "smoothelin." A human smooth muscle cDNA library was screened with the monoclonal antibody R4A, and a full-size cDNA of the protein was selected. The cDNA was sequenced and appeared to contain a 1,113-bp open reading frame. Based on the cDNA sequence, the calculated molecular weight of the polypeptide was 40 kD and it was demonstrated to contain two N-glycosylation sites. Computer assisted analysis at the protein level revealed a 56-amino acid domain with homologies of approximately 40% with a sequence bordering the actin-binding domains of dystrophin, utrophin, beta-spectrin and alpha-actinin. In situ hybridization demonstrated that human smoothelin is encoded by a single copy gene which is located on chromosome 22. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting revealed synthesis of smoothelin in smooth muscle of species evolutionarily as far apart as human and teleost. Northern blotting indicated that sequence as well as size of the mRNA (approximately 1,500 bases) are conserved among vertebrates. Cell fractionation studies and differential centrifugation showed that the protein cannot be extracted with Triton X-100, which indicates that it is a part of the cytoskeleton. Transfection of the human cDNA into smooth muscle cells and COS7 cells produced a protein of 59 kD, which assembled into a filamentous network. However, in rat heart-derived myoblasts association with stress fibers was most prominent. Smoothelin was not detected in primary or long term smooth muscle cell cultures. Also, transcription of smoothelin mRNA was almost instantly halted in smooth muscle tissue explants. We conclude that smoothelin is a new cytoskeletal protein that is only found in contractile smooth muscle cells and does not belong to one of the classes of structural proteins presently known.
HPLC analysis and in vitro study of the extract from Punica granatum peel (2013)

The extract of Punica granatum peel was separated and confirmed by HPLC, and punicalagin, one of the extract, was better antibacterial activity against Salmonella.
BULKING DOWN THE SUPPLY CHAIN (1997)

SUBTITLE: WHEN YOU FACE THE GREAT LOGISTICAL CHALLENGES OF MOVING BULK PRODUCTS, YOU HAVE TO BE INNOVATIVE: HERE'S HOW THE MARKET LEADERS USE JIT, TECHNOLOGY, AND THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS TO KEEP THEIR OPERATIONS BULKED UP.
Nickel-Catalyzed C–H/C–O Coupling of Azoles with Phenol Derivatives (2011)

The first nickel-catalyzed C-H bond arylation of azoles with phenol derivatives is described. The new Ni(cod)(2)/dcype catalytic system is active for the coupling of various phenol derivatives such as esters, carbamates, carbonates, sulfamates, triflates, tosylates, and mesylates. With this C-H/C-O biaryl coupling, we synthesized a series of privileged 2-arylazoles, including biologically active alkaloids. Moreover, we demonstrated the utility of the present reaction for functionalizing estrone and quinine.
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN EVACUATION PLANNING AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: CURRENT STATE OF THE ART (2003)

Evacuation of people in the event of a hazard is one of the basic problems of human society. From early ages people planned their habitat with the possibility of hazards in mind. For instance, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Temple of Artemis, was built on a swamp to protect it and its personnel from earthquakes which occurred often in that area. With the course of history, the complexity of human built buildings and infrastructures grew, as well as the population density. This increased the dangers imposed by any hazard occurring in densely populated areas, and imposed higher requirements on Evacuation Planning and Emergency Management. Nowadays, Evacuation Planning and Emergency Management has become a sophisticated field of civil engineering science, aimed at saving human lives by safe facility design and optimization of rescue operations. To do so, it uses the latest achievements in fundamental and applied disciplines, such as simulation, process control, applied mathematics, psychology, architecture, physics and many others. In this report, the authors present a survey of various approaches and technologies that are being developed and used for Evacuation Planning and Emergency Management.
Immunohistochemical localization of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in human tissues (1989)

In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism(s) behind the susceptibility of tissues to the toxic effects of chemicals, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase IgG has been used to map the distribution and localization of the cytochrome P450 system in hepatic and extrahepatic human tissues. Employing the Western blot procedure this antibody recognized a single band in human liver microsomes which corresponded in mol. wt to the purified reductase. Immunoreactive NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase staining was detected in all zones of the liver acinus, with maximal staining in hepatocytes adjacent to the terminal hepatic venules (zone 3). Considerable variation in the intensity of reductase staining was observed in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Staining was most intense in the enterocytes of the small intestine, with maximal staining at the tips of the villi. Colonic epithelial cells were variably positive while the rectum was negative. Pancreatic ductal cells were positive whereas exocrine cells were negative. In the lung, reductase was detected in bronchiolar and bronchial epithelial cells, Clara cells and alveolar lining cells. In the kidney, the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, the loops of Henle, the collecting ducts in the medulla and the transitional epithelium all stained positively for reductase. The results demonstrate specific cellular localization of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and hence the cytochrome P450 system, in human tissues. The differential distribution of the reductase within human tissues may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism underlining site-specific carcinogenesis.
Identifiability conditions for linear multivariable systems operating under feedback (1976)

The possibility of estimating the parameters of a dynamic system when it is operating in closed loop is examined. Earlier considered ways of designing regulators to achieve desired identifiability properties are unified and generalized. The result of the analysis of this short paper gives a simple criterion, which contains earlier known conditions as simple special cases.
Using linear prediction to design a function elimination filter to reject sinusoidal interference (1979)

A filter structure is proposed for canceling sinusoidal interference with unknown parameters in the presence of a bandwidth noise. This filter algorithm is available over the time-limited observation interval and it does not require any auxiliary reference input. The major part of this paper is devoted to the sensitivity analysis of the proposed algorithm by studying the change in the signal-to-sinusoidal interference ratio with respect to two cases: one being due to a change in additive noise level and the other due to a change in the sinusoidal interference parameters. The experimental results obtained by software filter implementation confirm the canceling of strong sinusoidal interference also in the presence of bandwidth white noise.
Querying Regular Graph Patterns (2014)

Graph data appears in a variety of application domains, and many uses of it, such as querying, matching, and transforming data, naturally result in incompletely specified graph data, that is, graph patterns. While queries need to be posed against such data, techniques for querying patterns are generally lacking, and properties of such queries are not well understood. Our goal is to study the basics of querying graph patterns. The key features of patterns we consider here are node and label variables and edges specified by regular expressions. We provide a classification of patterns, and study standard graph queries on graph patterns. We give precise characterizations of both data and combined complexity for each class of patterns. If complexity is high, we do further analysis of features that lead to intractability, as well as lower-complexity restrictions. Since our patterns are based on regular expressions, query answering for them can be captured by a new automata model. These automata have two modes of acceptance: one captures queries returning nodes, and the other queries returning paths. We study properties of such automata, and the key computational tasks associated with them. Finally, we provide additional restrictions for tractability, and show that some intractable cases can be naturally cast as instances of constraint satisfaction problems.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Zeins in Mature Maize Kernels (2004)

A high-throughput method has been developed to allow rapid analysis of maize seed storage proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The extraction solution containing an organic solvent, a reducing agent, and a volatile base has been optimized to enable extraction of all classes of zein proteins (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-). A near-saturating concentration of matrix, 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid, was necessary to obtain strong peaks for the most lipophilic zeins, the alpha-zeins. Zein proteins with small mass differences, difficult to separate by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were resolved through this analysis. Mass signals corresponding to the 10-kDa delta-, 15-kDa beta-, 16-kDa gamma-, 27-kDa gamma-, and several 19 and 22-kDa alpha-zeins were detected. The zein identities were further confirmed by the association of the number of cysteine residues in each zein MS peak, as determined by iodoacetamide derivatization, with the number predicted from its coding sequence. The relative zein abundance in the zein MS peaks was also correlated with the relative zein EST abundance among endosperm EST libraries. This method was utilized to examine the zein composition of a number of corn inbred lines and opaque mutants.
Augmented Reality Technology Using Microsoft HoloLens in Anatomic Pathology (2018)

Context Augmented reality (AR) devices such as the Microsoft HoloLens have not been well used in the medical field. Objective To test the HoloLens for clinical and nonclinical applications in pathology. Design A Microsoft HoloLens was tested for virtual annotation during autopsy, viewing 3D gross and microscopic pathology specimens, navigating whole slide images, telepathology, as well as real-time pathology-radiology correlation. Results Pathology residents performing an autopsy wearing the HoloLens were remotely instructed with real-time diagrams, annotations, and voice instruction. 3D-scanned gross pathology specimens could be viewed as holograms and easily manipulated. Telepathology was supported during gross examination and at the time of intraoperative consultation, allowing users to remotely access a pathologist for guidance and to virtually annotate areas of interest on specimens in real-time. The HoloLens permitted radiographs to be coregistered on gross specimens and thereby enhanced locating important pathologic findings. The HoloLens also allowed easy viewing and navigation of whole slide images, using an AR workstation, including multiple coregistered tissue sections facilitating volumetric pathology evaluation. Conclusions The HoloLens is a novel AR tool with multiple clinical and nonclinical applications in pathology. The device was comfortable to wear, easy to use, provided sufficient computing power, and supported high-resolution imaging. It was useful for autopsy, gross and microscopic examination, and ideally suited for digital pathology. Unique applications include remote supervision and annotation, 3D image viewing and manipulation, telepathology in a mixed-reality environment, and real-time pathology-radiology correlation.
β<sub>2</sub> Adrenergic receptors mediate important electrophysiological effects in human ventricular myocardium (2001)

OBJECTIVE To define the effects of β 2 adrenergic receptor stimulation on ventricular repolarisation in vivo. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS 85 patients with coronary artery disease and 22 normal controls. INTERVENTIONS Intravenous and intracoronary salbutamol (a β 2 adrenergic receptor selective agonist; 10–30 μg/min and 1–10 μg/min), and intravenous isoprenaline (a mixed β 1 /β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist; 1–5 μg/min), infused during fixed atrial pacing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES QT intervals, QT dispersion, monophasic action potential duration. RESULTS In patients with coronary artery disease, salbutamol decreased QT onset and QT peak but increased QT end duration; QT onset –QT peak and QT peak –QT end intervals increased, resulting in T wave prolongation (mean (SEM): 201 (2) ms to 233 (2) ms; p < 0.01). There was a large increase in dispersion of QT onset , QT peak , and QT end which was more pronounced in patients with coronary artery disease—for example, QT end dispersion: 50 (2) ms baseline v 98 (4) ms salbutamol (controls), and 70 (1) ms baseline v 108 (3) ms salbutamol (coronary artery disease); p < 0.001. Similar responses were obtained with isoprenaline. Monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarisation shortened during intracoronary infusion of salbutamol, from 278 (4.1) ms to 257 (3.8) ms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS β 2 adrenergic receptors mediate important electrophysiological effects in human ventricular myocardium. The increase in dispersion of repolarisation provides a mechanism whereby catecholamines acting through this receptor subtype may trigger ventricular arrhythmias.
Resonance of electrostatically actuated thin-film amorphous silicon microelectromechanical systems microresonators in aqueous solutions: Effect of solution conductivity and viscosity (2007)

The resonance of electrostatically actuated thin-film hydrogenated amorphous silicon microbridges in air and immersed in aqueous solutions is measured and characterized. The detection of the resonance frequency of a microbridge operating in aqueous solutions with high electrical conductivities, up to 8 mS/cm, and high viscosities, up to 0.15 Pa s is demonstrated. The range of actuation voltages needed to excite resonance frequencies in the megahertz in these microstructures under aqueous solutions allows electrostatic actuation without electrode screening and electrolysis. Values of the quality factor between 1 and 10 in aqueous solutions will allow the detection of ∼1 pg of added mass to the resonators.
LOH on 10p14‐p15 targets the <i>PFKFB3</i> gene locus in human glioblastomas (2011)

Abstract Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 10p is very common in high‐grade gliomas and is, among others, concentrated on the region 10p14‐p15. Presence of multiple tumor suppressor genes is assumed, but until now only Krüpple‐like transcription factor 6 ( KLF6 ) has been suggested as possible target of LOH in this region. On the basis of the fact that the splice variant 4 ( UBI2K4 ) of the PFKFB3 gene, located in 10p15.1, inhibits the anchorage‐independent growth of U87 glioblastoma cells, we hypothesized that PFKFB3 is a target gene of LOH in glioblastomas. In this study, we analyzed 40 glioblastomas for LOH in 10p15, including the PFKFB3 and KLF6 loci, by PCR‐based microsatellite analysis. We detected LOH of PFKFB3 in 55% (22/40) of glioblastomas. LOH of KLF6 , mapped 2.5 cM telomerically to the PFKFB3 locus, was not stringently correlated to the PFKFB3 LOH. The allelic deletion of PFKFB3 resulted in a decrease of PFKFB3 mRNA level accompanied by a lower PFKFB3 protein level. The expression of growth‐inhibiting splice variant UBI2K4 was effectively reduced in glioblastomas with PFKFB3 LOH and a positive correlation with overall PFKFFB3 expression was observed. The PFKFB3 LOH as well as the resulting low UBI2K4 expression level was associated with a poor prognosis of glioblastoma patients. We conclude that LOH on 10p14‐p15 in glioblastomas targets PFKFB3 and in particular splice variant UBI2K4 , a putative tumor suppressor protein in glioblastomas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clock gating architectures for FPGA power reduction (2009)

Clock gating is a power reduction technique that has been used successfully in the custom ASIC domain. Clock and logic signal power are saved by temporarily disabling the clock signal on registers whose outputs do not affect circuit outputs. We consider and evaluate FPGA clock network architectures with built-in clock gating capability and describe a flexible placement algorithm that can operate with various gating granularities (various sizes of device regions containing clock loads that can be gated together). Results show that depending on the clock gating architecture and the fraction of time clock signals are enabled, clock power can be reduced by over 50%, and results suggest that a fine granularity gating architecture yields significant power benefits.