gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Self-Propelled Mechanism to Increase Range of Bistable Operation of a Piezoelectric Cantilever-Based Vibration Energy Harvester (2018)

In our previous works, we presented a method to increase the harvested energy from vibrations using a piezoelectric cantilever and to increase the frequency range of operation by introducing bistability with the use of magnetic repulsion. However, for small excitations, the cantilever may not be able to overcome the magnetic repulsive force but vibrate at one of its two equilibrium positions with reduced amplitude. This work introduces a method of increasing the range of excitations over which the operation remains bistable. This is achieved by spring loading one of the magnets, previously on a fixed support, allowing motion in one dimension only, toward and away from the cantilever in the horizontal plane. Configured so, as the cantilever moves toward this magnet, the repulsion due to the cantilever-mounted magnet pushes the spring-loaded magnet away, increasing distance, and thus, reducing magnetic force between them, required to be overcome by external excitations for bistable operation. Similarly, as the cantilever moves away, the spring pushes the magnet closer to the cantilever-mounted magnet, increasing vibration amplitude. Thus, the spring introduces a negative feedback which favors bistable operation over an increased range of excitations. This completely mechanical method requires no additional energy cost. Peak power gains of up to 90 and a decrease in excitation voltage of up to 60% were observed over the fixed magnet.
Multiple and variable speed electrical generator systems for large wind turbines (1982)

A cost effective method to achieve increased wind turbine generator energy conversion and other operational benefits through variable speed operation is presented. Earlier studies of multiple and variable speed generators in wind turbines were extended for evaluation in the context of a specific large sized conceptual design. System design and simulation have defined the costs and performance benefits which can be expected from both two speed and variable speed configurations.
Energy trapping of thickness-shear vibrations excited by parallel electric field and its application to piezoelectric vibratory gyroscopes (2002)

The energy trapping of thickness shear vibrations, which are excited by parallel electric field in a partially polarized piezoelectric ceramic plate, is studied, and the mechanism of energy trapping is theoretically and experimentally clarified. A new piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope with three electrodes using the energy trapping of thickness-shear vibrations is proposed and experimental results are presented. The results show that high reliability vibratory gyroscopes with the ease in mechanical support can be realized because of the energy trapping effect. A detection sensitivity of 2.8 mV/deg/sec is obtained.
A novel computer based pseudo-logarithmic capacitance/conductance DLTS system specifically designed for transient analysis (1992)

A new inexpensive, simple to construct, PC based deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) system has been developed that efficiently digitizes and analyzes capacitance and conductance transients by conventional DLTS methods (boxcar, rectangular, and exponential) as well as by several transient methods (nonlinear least squares, modulation function methods, and correlation method of linear predictive modeling). A unique ‘‘pseudo-logarithmic’’ sample storage scheme allows each transient to be sampled at more than 11 different rates, permitting 3 to 5 decades of time constants to be observed in one thermal scan allowing the resolution of closely spaced defect energy levels. The high system flexibility allows weighting times (or transient observation times) to be selected between &lt;200 μs to 3 days. This is the first report that details the merits, including faster response and recovery times, of using the new Boonton 7200 capacitance meter in a DLTS system. This is also the first reported use of the pseudo-logarithmic sample spacing to enhance the range of time constants observable in a single thermal cycle as well as the first use of selectable resistance values in conjunction with selectable capacitance values to allow the conductance and capacitance to be sampled simultaneously in high resolution mode (&lt;1 fF and &lt;0.01 μS). It is shown experimentally that the transient analysis capability of this system can separate closely spaced deep levels where the conventional DLTS methods fail.
Scandia-stabilized zirconia coatings (1988)

This invention relates to vanadium and sulfur compound corrosion-resistant ceramic coatings. More particularly, this invention relates to scandia-stabilized zirconia coatings and composites formed with them. As demands increase on fuel resources and as manufacturing techniques become more complex, industrial equipment is exposed to fuels and materials which containing corrosive contaminants. These corrosive contaminants can cause extensive damage to the surface and structure of industrial equipment, particularly to all types of motors, turbines, engines, furnaces, stacks, fluidized beds, etc. In addition, it is often necessary to protect industrial parts from damage and fatigue caused by operation at high temperatures. Ceramic coatings have been used to protect exposed surfaces from heat deterioration and corrosion.
Radio refractivity profiles deduced from lidar measurements (1990)

Measurements are presented of the returns from a vertically pointing lidar, along with simultaneous radiosonde measurements of meteorological parameters on 13 cloud-dree days near the ocean at San Diego, California. Linear regression analyses between the lidar range-compensated power, S(R), and the relative humidity, RH, gave high coefficients of correlation for individual days, but the magnitudes of the regression constants differed from day to day, indicating differing properties of the aerosols for each day. The combined data set was used to derive a linear relationship between S(R) at different altitudes and the corresponding values of RH. This resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.73. Using standard vertical lapse rates of temperature and pressure with the profiles of relative humidity determined from the lidar returns, the modified radio refractivity (M-units) variations with altitude were determined for each of the days. These M-unit profiles were then compared to the corresponding values calculated from the radiosonde data. While the absolute values differed with altitude in most cases, the gradients in M-units with altitude corresponded remarkably well. Using a ray-trace computer program, two- dimensional (altitude-versus-range) plots of the radio signal coverage were determined by using the M-unit profiles determined by the two methods. The plots in both cases show similar ducting conditions.
Fullerene grafted amine‐containing polymers (1995)

Abstract We have covalently attached fullerenes to amine containing flexible hydrocarbon polymers such as amino‐ethylene propylene terpolymer (EPDM‐amine) to obtain novel fullerene functionalized polymers. These materials are soluble in solvents such as heptane or tetrahydrofuran (THF), in which the fullerene is essentially insoluble. The reaction of the fullerene and polymer was followed by infra‐red spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) scans of EPDM‐amine and Fullerene reacted EPDM‐amine show that the fullerene grafted polymer is thermoxidatively more stable than the original polymer. Furthermore, the fullerene grafted polymer could be reacted further with primary‐tertiary diamines to obtain novel polymers in which the fullerene acts as a bridging group for attaching polar functional groups to nonpolar hydrocarbon polymers.
LPM: Concurrency-Driven Layered Performance Matching (2015)

Data access has become the preeminent performance bottleneck of computing. In this study, a Layered Performance Matching (LPM) model and its associated algorithm are proposed to match the request and reply speed for each layer of a memory hierarchy to improve memory performance. The rationale of LPM is that the performance of each layer of a memory hierarchy should and can be optimized to closely match the request of the layer directly above it. The LPM model simultaneously considers both data access concurrency and locality. It reveals the fact that increasing the effective overlapping between hits and misses of the higher layer will alleviate the performance impact of the lower layer. The terms pure miss and pure miss penalty are introduced to measure the effectiveness of such hit-miss overlapping. By distinguishing between (general) miss and pure miss, we have made LPM optimization practical and feasible. Our evaluation shows the data stall time can be reduced significantly with an optimized hardware configuration. We also have achieved noticeable performance improvement by simply adopting smart LPM scheduling without changing the underlying hardware configurations. Analysis and experimental results show LPM is feasible and effective. It provides a novel and efficient way to cope with the ever-widening memory wall problem, and to optimize the vital memory system design.
Gain cross saturation and spectral hole burning in wideband erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1991)

Cross-saturation characteristics are investigated in broadband 1.48-microm pumped and 980-nm pumped gainshaped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Gain shaping is shown to give a more uniform spectral gain compression on saturation. In addition, a degree of room-temperature spectral gain hole burning is observed for what is to our knowledge the first time.
Recent advances in ruthenium-indenylidene mediated olefin metathesis (2008)

Ruthenium-indenylidene complexes are robust and efficient precatalysts for olefin metathesis reactions. This report provides an overview of recent developments in the synthesis of ruthenium-indenylidene complexes and their applications in olefin metathesis transformations. The construction of the indenylidene moiety will be discussed as well as the diverse series of Ru-based complexes including their performance and scope in catalysis. There is also an increasing interest for olefin metathesis steps in total syntheses; recent examples of syntheses of natural compounds using ruthenium-indenylidene complexes are also reviewed.
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Carbon Composites Rotary Valves for Internal Combustion Engines (1999)

Carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite rotary, sleeve, and disc valves for internal combustion engines and the like are disclosed. The valves are formed from knitted or braided or warp-locked carbon fiber shapes. Also disclosed are valves fabricated from woven carbon fibers and from molded carbon matrix material. The valves of the present invention with their very low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent thermal and self-lubrication properties, do not present the sealing and lubrication problems that have prevented rotary, sleeve, and disc valves from operating efficiently and reliably in the past. Also disclosed are a sealing tang to further improve sealing capabilities and anti-oxidation treatments.
Reversing Coffee-Ring Effect by Laser-Induced Differential Evaporation (2018)

The coffee-ring effect, ubiquitously present in the drying process of aqueous droplets, impedes the performance of a myriad of applications involving precipitation of particle suspensions in evaporating liquids on solid surfaces, such as liquid biopsy combinational analysis, microarray fabrication, and ink-jet printing, to name a few. We invented the methodology of laser-induced differential evaporation to remove the coffee-ring effect. Without any additives to the liquid or any morphology modifications of the solid surface the liquid rests on, we have eliminated the coffee-ring effect by engineering the liquid evaporation profile with a CO<sub>2</sub> laser irradiating the apex of the droplets. The method of laser-induced differential evaporation transitions particle deposition patterns from coffee-ring patterns to central-peak patterns, bringing all particles (e.g. fluorescent double strand DNAs) in the droplet to a designated area of 100 μm diameter without leaving any stains outside. The technique also moves the drying process from the constant contact radius (CCR) mode to the constant contact angle (CCA) mode. Physical mechanisms of this method were experimentally studied by internal flow tracking and surface evaporation flux mapping, and theoretically investigated by development of an analytical model.
Synthesis of an efficient heteroatom-doped carbon electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction by pyrolysis of protein-rich pulse flour cooked with SiO2 nanoparticles (2014)

Development of a highly durable, fuel-tolerant, metal-free electro-catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for robust and cost-effective Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFCs). Herein, we report the development of a nitrogen-doped (N-doped) hierarchically porous carbon-based efficient ORR electrocatalyst from protein-rich pulses. The process involves 3D silica nanoparticle templating of the pulse flour(s) followed by their double pyrolysis. The detailed experiments are performed on gram flour (derived from chickpeas) without any in situ/ex situ addition of dopants. The N-doped porous carbon thus generated shows remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards ORR in the alkaline medium. The oxygen reduction on this material follows the desired 4-electron transfer mechanism involving the direct reduction pathway. Additionally, the synthesized carbon catalyst also exhibits good electrochemical stability and fuel tolerance. The results are also obtained and compared with the case of soybean flour having higher nitrogen content to highlight the significance of different parameters in the ORR catalyst performance.
Atmospheric Visibility Measurements Using Video Cameras: Relative Visibility (2004)

Poor visibility conditions often lead to large-scale chain accidents causing human fatalities and property damage. Such visibility-related vehicle accidents could have been prevented if motorists were warned ahead of time to reduce speed and remain cautious before moving into the poor visibility zone. The objective of this research was to advance the visibility measurement technologies that compute visibility through processing images captured by video cameras. There are two fundamental difficulties in measuring visibility. The first is that visibility is a complex multivariable function of many parameters such as objects available, light sources, light scatter, light absorption, etc., so that measurements of one or two parameters (as in most of today's visibility meters) cannot accurately estimate the true human-perceived visibility. On the other hand, any attempt to measure every possible atmospheric parameter to derive human perceived visibility is simply too complex and costly. The second source of difficulty is contributed by an attempt to express the spatially variant nature of atmospheric visibility using a single representative value, distance. It works only if the atmosphere is uniform, which rarely happens. A solution presented in this report is to measure visibility using visual properties of video images (perceived information) instead of indirectly measuring physical properties of atmosphere and converting them to visibility. The spatial variance problem in visibility was solved by introducing a new concept of relative measurement of visual information referred to as the Relative Visibility (RV). This report also includes a study result on the limitation of CCD cameras in visibility measurement applications, and shows how to overcome them through spatially arranged multiple targets. In addition, we explored various apparatuses of Near Infrared (NIR) light source and cameras for measuring night visibility. This result is included in the report.
Content-adaptive convolutional neural network post-processing filter (2021)

Neural Network (NN)-based coding techniques are being developed for hybrid video coding schemes, such as the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. In-loop filters and postprocessing filters are two types of coding tools that aim to improve the visual quality of the reconstructed content. These tools are usually trained on large video or image datasets with varying content, but they are rarely adaptive to different content types. This problem is addressed with the proposed content-adaptive Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) post-processing filter. The proposed approach is content-adaptive in two ways. Firstly, a relatively simple CNN is pre-trained on a general video dataset and then fine-tuned on the video to be coded. Since only the bias terms of the CNN are fine-tuned, the signalling overhead is reduced. Secondly, a scaling factor indicates the influence of the CNN post-processing filter on the final reconstruction. The CNN post-processing filter is evaluated on top of VVC Test Model (VTM) 11.0 with NN-based Video Coding (NNVC) 1.0 and, overall, it can save 2.37% (Y), 3.63% (U), 2.24% (V) Bjøntegaard Delta rate (BD-rate) in the Random Access (RA) configuration.
Near outage limit joint network coding and decoding for the Non-Orthogonal Multiple-Access Relay Channel (2012)

In this paper, we investigate the benefit of Joint Network Channel Coding (JNCC) for a new class of Multiple Access Relay Channel (MARC), defined as follows: (1) Independent sources communicate with a single destination in the presence of a relay; (2) The relay is half-duplex and applies a Selective Decode and Forward (SDF) strategy, i.e, it forwards only a deterministic function of the error-free decoded messages; (3) The sources are allowed to transmit simultaneously during both the listening phase and the transmission phase of the relay. We refer this model to as Non-Orthogonal MARC (NOMARC), which better leverages the broadcast nature of the radio channel than its more conservative orthogonal counterpart, i.e., Orthogonal MARC (OMARC). This paper aims at measuring the advantage brought by NOMARC/JNCC over OMARC/JNCC from both an information-theoretic and a practical code design perspectives.
Hidden conditional random fields for phone classification (2005)

In this paper, we show the novel application of hidden conditional random fields (HCRFs) – conditional random fields with hidden state sequences – for modeling speech. Hidden state sequences are critical for modeling the non-stationarity of speech signals. We show that HCRFs can easily be trained using the simple direct optimization technique of stochastic gradient descent. We present the results on the TIMIT phone classification task and show that HCRFs outperforms comparable ML and CML/MMI trained HMMs. In fact, HCRF results on this task are the best single classifier results known to us. We note that the HCRF framework is easily extensible to recognition since it is a state and label sequence modeling technique. We also note that HCRFs have the ability to handle complex features without any change in training procedure.
Improving Cancer Therapy through p53 Management (2004)

The tumor suppressor p53 normally acts to appropriately coordinate cellular responses to stress stimuli. When p53 activity is disabled, the onset of malignancy is a potential consequence. Engendering wild type p53 activities in cells that lack these functions is an approach that is currently being explored for cancer therapy. Eliciting elevated levels of active p53, imparting p53 activities through gene therapy, compelling mutant p53 to perform normal functions, manipulating p53 regulators, and activating p53 effectors are all approaches that are currently being developed. In this review we will provide a synopsis of the most promising 'p53-based' strategies for fighting cancer, both those under clinical trial and recent innovative concepts.
<title>Wavelet based scalable video coding with spatially scalable motion vectors</title> (2003)

The paper studies scalable video coding based on multiresolution video representations generated by multi-scale subband motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) and spatial wavelet transform. Since MCTF is performed subband by subband in the spatial wavelet domain, motion vectors are available for reconstructing video sequences of any possible reduced spatial resolution, restricted by the dyadic decomposition pattern and the maximal spatial decomposition level. The multiresolution representations naturally provide a framework with which both spatial scalability and temporal scalability can be very conveniently and efficiently supported by a video coder that utilizes such multiresolution video representations. Such video coders can be fully scalable by incorporating wavelet-domain bit-plane image coding techniques. This paper examines the performance, including scalability and coding efficiency, of a scalable video coder that utilizes such multi-scale video representations together with the EZBC image coder. A wavelet-domain variable block size motion estimation algorithm is introduced to enhance the performance of the subband MCTF. Experiments show that the proposed coder outperforms the state of the art fully scalable coder MC-EZBC in terms of the spatial scalability.
Identification of a probiotic bacteria‐derived activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that inhibits colitis (2014)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) recognizes environmental xenobiotics and is originally thought to be involved in the metabolism (detoxification) of the substances. Recently, AhR is highlighted as an important regulator of inflammation. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests that activation of the AhR suppresses inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Therefore, non-toxic AhR activators become attractive drug candidates for IBD. This study identified 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), a precursor of menaquinone (vitamin K2) abundantly produced by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 isolated from Swiss-type cheese, as an AhR activator. DHNA activated the AhR pathway in human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco2 cells and in the mouse intestine. Oral treatment of mice with DHNA induced anti-microbial proteins RegIIIβ and γ in the intestine, altered intestinal microbial flora and inhibited dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, which recapitulated the phenotypes of AhR activation in the gut. As DHNA is commercially available in Japan as a prebiotic supplement without severe adverse effects, DHNA or its derivatives might become a promising drug candidate for IBD via AhR activation. The results also implicate that intestinal AhR might act not only as a sensor for xenobiotics in diet and water but also for commensal bacterial activity because DHNA is a precursor of vitamin K2 produced by vitamin K2-synthesizing commensal bacteria as well as propionic bacteria. Hence, DHNA might be a key bacterial metabolite in the host-microbe interaction to maintain intestinal microbial ecosystem.
Self-Monitoring Navigation Agent via Auxiliary Progress Estimation (2019)

The Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task entails an agent following navigational instruction in photo-realistic unknown environments. This challenging task demands that the agent be aware of which instruction was completed, which instruction is needed next, which way to go, and its navigation progress towards the goal. In this paper, we introduce a self-monitoring agent with two complementary components: (1) visual-textual co-grounding module to locate the instruction completed in the past, the instruction required for the next action, and the next moving direction from surrounding images and (2) progress monitor to ensure the grounded instruction correctly reflects the navigation progress. We test our self-monitoring agent on a standard benchmark and analyze our proposed approach through a series of ablation studies that elucidate the contributions of the primary components. Using our proposed method, we set the new state of the art by a significant margin (8% absolute increase in success rate on the unseen test set). Code is available at https://github.com/chihyaoma/selfmonitoring-agent .