gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Twelvefold Functionalization of an Icosahedral Surface by Total Esterification of [B12(OH)12]2−: 12(12)-Closomers (2001)

Esterified B12 icosahedra with totally organoderivatized surfaces are obtained from the reaction of [closo-B12(OH)12]2− with acetic anhydride or benzoyl chloride. The resulting “closomers”, in which each cluster vertex is substituted with an organic ester moiety, can provide camouflaged modules of variable size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, etc. and represent the first examples of this structural motif known in chemistry. The figure displays, in a space-filling representation, the result of an X-ray analysis performed with the dodecabenzoate ester derivative.
The Effects of Immunizing Sheep with Different BMP15 or GDF9 Peptide Sequences on Ovarian Follicular Activity and Ovulation Rate1 (2006)

The aims of these studies were to determine the abilities of antisera against different regions of ovine bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) to inhibit ovarian follicular activity, estrus (mating), and ovulation in sheep. The 9-15-mer peptides were conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used to generate antibodies against the flexible N-terminal regions of the mature protein as well as against regions in which dimerization of the protein or interaction with a type 1 BMP or a type 2 TGFB or BMP receptor was predicted to occur. Ewes (n = 10 per treatment group) were vaccinated with KLH or the KLH-BMP15 (n = 9 different peptides) or KLH-GDF9 (n = 10) peptides in Freund adjuvant at five consecutive monthly intervals. Overall, antisera generated against peptides that corresponded to amino acid residues 1-15 of the N-terminus of the BMP15 or GDF9 mature protein or GDF9 amino acid residues 21-34 were the most potent at inhibiting ovulation following primary and single booster vaccination. Several other BMP15 (8/9) or GDF9 (6/10) treatment groups, but not KLH alone, also produced significant reductions in the numbers of animals that ovulated, although 2, 3 or 4 booster vaccinations were required. Anovulation was commonly associated with the inhibition of normal ovarian follicular development and anestrus. The in vitro neutralization studies with IgG from the BMP15 or GDF9 immunized ewes showed that the mean inhibition of BMP15 plus GDF9 stimulation of (3)H-thymidine uptake by rat granulosa cells was approximately 70% for animals without corpora lutea (CL), whereas for animals with one to three CL or more than three CL, the inhibition was 24%-33% or 27%-42%, respectively. In summary, these data suggest that reagents that block the biological actions of BMP15 or GDF9 at their N-termini have potential as contraceptives or sterilizing agents.
Fabrication and Characterization of Bulk Nanocrystalline Layer on Steel Components With Different Microstructures by Air Blast Shot Peening (2010)

The fabrication of nano-crystalline (NC) layers in pearlitic and martensitic carbon steels viz. AISI 1018, 1045 and 1075 alloys using ABSP has been studied. The cross-sectional microstructure of the samples showed that a gradual reduction of the grain size near the surface until a clearly demarcated NC layer was observed. The NC layers were characterized using optical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), microhardness and nanohardness measurements. 2D surface topography of the peened surface was also carried out to measured surface roughness. The roughnesses of the peened surfaces were dependent on the hardness of the sample. Samples with higher hardness had lower surface roughness value. NC layers varying from 5 to 15 μm were observed using the optical and SEM images in the different types of steels. The SEM images clearly showed the dissolution of cementite phase in the NC layers. The nanohardness measurements of the steels showed that the NC layers had much higher hardness than the bulk material. The microhardness measurements also confirmed the mentioned phenomena. A TEM study was carried out on the NC layer and the grain size was confirmed to be 50 to 80 nm.
AMPK-Mediated Inhibition of mTOR Kinase Is Circumvented during Immediate-Early Times of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection (2007)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection increases synthetic rates in infected cells. The resulting increase in energy utilization could potentially increase the AMP:ATP ratio, causing activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activated AMPK promotes inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, which could be deleterious to the viral infection. Using the AMPK-activating drug 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribose (AICAR), we showed that, by 12 h post-HCMV infection, inhibition of mTOR by AMPK is circumvented. However, growth curves showed that progeny virion production is inhibited when AICAR is added, suggesting other inhibitory effects of AICAR or activated AMPK.
Hydrogen Atom Abstraction Selectivity in the Reactions of Alkylamines with the Benzyloxyl and Cumyloxyl Radicals. The Importance of Structure and of Substrate Radical Hydrogen Bonding (2011)

A time-resolved kinetic study on the hydrogen abstraction reactions from a series of primary and secondary amines by the cumyloxyl (CumO(•)) and benzyloxyl (BnO(•)) radicals was carried out. The results were compared with those obtained previously for the corresponding reactions with tertiary amines. Very different hydrogen abstraction rate constants (k(H)) and intermolecular selectivities were observed for the reactions of the two radicals. With CumO(•), k(H) was observed to decrease on going from the tertiary to the secondary and primary amines. The lowest k(H) values were measured for the reactions with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) and tert-octylamine (TOA), substrates that can only undergo N-H abstraction. The opposite behavior was observed for the reactions of BnO(•), where the k(H) values increased in the order tertiary < secondary < primary. The k(H) values for the reactions of BnO(•) were in all cases significantly higher than those measured for the corresponding reactions of CumO(•), and no significant difference in reactivity was observed between structurally related substrates that could undergo exclusive α-C-H and N-H abstraction. This different behavior is evidenced by the k(H)(BnO(•))/k(H)(CumO(•)) ratios that range from 55-85 and 267-673 for secondary and primary alkylamines up to 1182 and 3388 for TMP and TOA. The reactions of CumO(•) were described in all cases as direct hydrogen atom abstractions. With BnO(•) the results were interpreted in terms of the rate-determining formation of a hydrogen-bonded prereaction complex between the radical α-C-H and the amine lone pair wherein hydrogen abstraction occurs. Steric effects and amine HBA ability play a major role, whereas the strength of the substrate α-C-H and N-H bonds involved appears to be relatively unimportant. The implications of these different mechanistic pictures are discussed.
Animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2016)

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) constitutes a clinical syndrome in which the diagnostic criteria of heart failure are not accompanied by gross disturbances of systolic function, as assessed by ejection fraction. In turn, under most circumstances, diastolic function is impaired. Although it now represents over 50 % of all patients with heart failure, the mechanisms of HFpEF remain understood, precluding effective therapy. Understanding the pathophysiology of HFpEF has been restricted by both limited access to human myocardial biopsies and by the lack of animal models that fully mimic human pathology. Animal models are valuable research tools to clarify subcellular and molecular mechanisms under conditions where the comorbidities and other confounding factors can be precisely controlled. Although most of the heart failure animal models currently available represent heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, several HFpEF animal models have been proposed. However, few of these fulfil all the features present in human disease. In this review we will provide an overview of the currently available models to study HFpEF from rodents to large animals as well as present advantages and disadvantages of these models.
Shaping of porous metal–organic framework granules using mesoporous ρ-alumina as a binder (2017)

We present facile route for the shaping of MOFs (MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Cr), UiO-66(Zr), and UiO-66(Zr)_NH<sub>2</sub>) using mesoporous ρ-alumina (MRA) as a binder.
Efficacy of biological therapies and small molecules in induction and maintenance of remission in luminal Crohn’s disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis (2022)

In a network meta-analysis, infliximab 5 mg/kg ranked first for induction of clinical remission in all patients with luminal CD, but risankizumab 600 mg was first in biologic-naïve and biologic-exposed patients. Upadacitinib 30 mg once daily ranked first for maintenance of remission.
Active Interrogation with a Short-Pulse Neutron Source (2014)

Abstract not provided
Antibody Avidity and Immunoglobulin G Isotype Distribution following Immunization with a Monovalent Meningococcal B Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine (2002)

The avidity maturation and immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype distribution of antibodies after vaccination with a meningococcal B outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine were evaluated as indicators of protective immunity. Pre- and postvaccination sera from 134 healthy toddlers (ages, 2 to 3 years) immunized with a monovalent meningococcal B OMV (serosubtype P1.7-2,4) vaccine adsorbed with AlPO(4) or Al(OH)(3) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The children were vaccinated three times with intervals of 3 to 6 weeks between vaccinations or twice with an interval of 6 to 10 weeks between vaccinations. A booster was given after 20 to 40 weeks. The avidity index (AI) of antibodies increased significantly during the primary series of vaccinations and after the booster was given. No differences in AIs were found when the results obtained with the two vaccination schedules or with the two adjuvants were compared. After vaccination, IgG1 was the predominant IgG isotype, followed by IgG3. No IgG2 or IgG4 was detected. There was a strong correlation between serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and ELISA titers (r = 0.85 [P < 0.0001] for total IgG, r = 0.83 for IgG1 [P < 0.0001], r = 0.82 for IgG3 [P < 0.0001], and r = 0.84 [P < 0.0001] for the avidity titer). When two subgroups with similar anti-OMV IgG levels were compared before and after the booster vaccination, the higher AI after the booster vaccination was associated with significantly increased SBA. We concluded that avidity maturation occurs after vaccination with a monovalent meningococcal B OMV vaccine, especially after boosting, as indicated by a significant increase in the AI. Vaccination with the monovalent OMV vaccine induced mainly IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes, which are considered to be most important for protection against meningococcal disease. An increase in the AI of antibodies is associated with increased SBA, independent of the level of specific IgG and the IgG isotype distribution. Measuring the AI and IgG isotype distribution of antibodies after vaccination can be a supplementary method for predicting protective immunity for evaluation in future phase III trials with meningococcal serogroup B vaccines.
Photoluminescent Copper(I) Complexes with Amido-Triazolato Ligands (2011)

A series of heteroleptic copper(I) complexes incorporating amido-triazole and diphosphine ligands, [Cu(I)(N-phenyl-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (1), [Cu(I)(N-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (2), [Cu(I)(N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (3), [Cu(I)(N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)aniline)(dppb)] (4), [Cu(I)(2,6-dimethyl-N-[2-(1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]aniline)(dppb)] (5), [Cu(I)(2,6-dimethyl-N-[2-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)phenyl]aniline)(dppb)] (6), (dppb = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene), have been prepared. The complexes adopt a distorted tetrahedral geometry in the solid state with the amido-triazole ligand forming a six-member ring with the Cu(I) ion. The complexes exhibit long-lived photoluminescence with colors ranging from yellow to red-orange in the solid state, in frozen glass at 77 K, and in fluid solution with modest quantum yields of up to 0.022. Electrochemically, complexes 1-4 show irreversible oxidation waves while 5 and 6 are characterized by quasi-reversible oxidations as determined by cyclic voltammetry. For 1-4, the emission energy and oxidation potential are found to vary linearly with the Hammett parameter σ(p) of the substituent in the para position of the amido ligand, while in 5 and 6, large differences in emission are observed because of the nature of N3 substitution in the triazole ring. Density functional theory calculations have been performed on the singlet ground states (S(o)) of all complexes at the BP86/6-31G(d) level to assist in assignment of the excited states. On the basis of both experimental and computational results, we have assigned the excited states as intraligand + metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3)(ILCT+MLCT) or ligand-to-ligand charge transfer mixed with MLCT (3)(MLCT +LLCT) in these complexes.
Packaging and delivering enzymes by amorphous metal-organic frameworks (2019)

Enzymatic catalysis in living cells enables the in-situ detection of cellular metabolites in single cells, which could contribute to early diagnosis of diseases. In this study, enzyme is packaged in amorphous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via a one-pot co-precipitation process under ambient conditions, exhibiting 5-20 times higher apparent activity than when the enzyme is encapsulated in corresponding crystalline MOFs. Molecular simulation and cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) combined with other techniques demonstrate that the mesopores generated in this disordered and fuzzy structure endow the packaged enzyme with high enzyme activity. The highly active glucose oxidase delivered by the amorphous MOF nanoparticles allows the noninvasive and facile measurement of glucose in single living cells, which can be used to distinguish between cancerous and normal cells.
Cellulosic Substrates for Removal of Pollutants from Aqueous Systems: A Review. 3. Spilled Oil and Emulsified Organic Liquids (2013)

Water-insoluble oils, including crude petroleum and a wide variety of refined organic liquids, can cause major problems if spilled or leaked to aqueous environments. Potential environmental damage may be reduced if the spilled oil is promptly and efficiently removed from the water. This article reviews research that sheds light on the use of cellulose-based materials as sorbents to mitigate effects of oil spills. Encouraging results for oil sorption have been reported when using naturally hydrophobic cellulosic fibers such as unprocessed cotton, kapok, or milkweed seed hair. In addition, a wide assortment of cellulosic materials have been shown to be effective sorbents for hydrocarbon oils, especially in the absence of water, and their performance under water-wet conditions can be enhanced by various pretreatments that render them more hydrophobic. More research is needed on environmentally friendly systems to handle oil-contaminated sorbents after their use; promising approaches include their re-use after regeneration, anaerobic digestion, and incineration, among others. Research is also needed to further develop combined response systems in which biosorption is used along with other spill-response measures, including skimming, demulsification, biodegradation, and the use of booms to limit the spreading of oil slicks.
Thirty-Nine Novel Neurofibromatosis 1 (<i>NF1)</i>Gene Mutations Identified in Slovak Patients (2013)

We performed a complex analysis of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene in Slovakia based on direct cDNA sequencing supplemented by multiple ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis. All 108 patients had café-au-lait spots, 85% had axilary and/or inguinal freckling, 61% neurofibromas, 36% Lisch nodules of the iris and 31% optic pathway glioma, 5% suffered from typical skeletal disorders, and 51% of patients had family members with NF1. In 78 of the 86 (90.7%) index patients our analysis revealed the presence of NF1 mutations, 68 of which were small changes (87.2%), including 39 (50%) novel. Among the identified mutations the most prevalent were small deletions and insertions causing frameshift (42.3%), followed by nonsense (14.1%), missense (12.8%), and typical splicing (11.5%) mutations. Type 1 NF1 deletions and intragenic deletions/duplication were identified in five cases each (6.4%). Interestingly, in five other cases nontypical splicing variants were found, whose real effect on NF1 transcript would have remained undetected if using a DNA-based method alone, thus underlying the advantage of using the cDNA-based sequencing. We show that Slovak NF1 patients have a similar repertoire of NF1 germline mutations compared to other populations, with some prevalence of small deletions/insertions and a decreased proportion of nonsense mutations.
Iterative probabilistic decoding andparity checks with memory (1999)

A method that effectively reduces the weight of parity checks used in iterative probabilistic decoding algorithms is proposed. The method is especially applicable to so-called parity checks with memory and may lead to a significant improvement in fast correlation attacks on stream ciphers based on linear feedback shift registers. A technique for generating low-weight parity checks with memory is also proposed.
Characterization of specific binding sites for a mitogenic sulfated peptide, phytosulfokine‐α, in the plasma‐membrane fraction derived from <i>Oryza sativa</i> L. (1999)

Treatment of rice cells with an endogenous mitogenic peptide, phytosulfokine-alpha (PSK-alpha), results in cell proliferation. In the present study, [3H]PSK-alpha prepared by catalytic reduction of a PSK-alpha analog containing tetradehydroisoleucine was employed to identify putative PSK-alpha target molecules on rice plasma membranes. Membrane binding of the ligand was found to be saturable, reversible and pH dependent. Scatchard analysis demonstrated the existence of both high- and low-affinity binding sites with Kd values of 1.4 nM and 27 nM, respectively. Competition studies with [3H]PSK-alpha and several PSK-alpha analogs showed that displacing activity closely corresponds to the ability to induce cell proliferation. The properties of the binding sites distributed on plasma membranes are consistent with the function of PSK-alpha receptors in activating a cascade of molecular events involved in plant cell proliferation.
Signature of Nanodiamond in Raman Spectra:  A Density Functional Theoretical Study (2005)

Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) has attracted great attention both experimentally and theoretically in the past few years. The identification of the presence and the amount of NCD in amorphous carbon film has been a challenging issue. Although Raman spectroscopy has become a standard tool for the characterization of various carbon phases, a simple criterion for identifying NCD has not yet been well-established. In the present work, a theoretical study of the Raman spectra of the model compounds of NCD is presented on the basis of the density functional calculations. The reliability of the computational approach has been tested by comparing the predicated Raman spectra of several reference molecules to those obtained experimentally. To show the unique Raman spectrum of a NCD phase, a series of the model compounds of various carbon materials including tetrahedral and hexagonal clusters, and trans-polyacetylene fragments, were considered, and subsequently their Raman spectra below 2000 cm(-1) were calculated and compared with each other. The calculated results indicate that the relatively stronger broad peak at about 480 cm(-1) could be used as the signature of a NCD phase in the sample.
IEEE 802.16j 협력 전송 네트워크에서 최적의 중계국수를 위한 분석 모델 (2011)

무선 협력 통신 기술은 유선 기간망과 연결 없이 설치 가능한 중계국(Relay Station)을 이용하여 추가적으로 기지국을 설치하지 않아도 커버리지 확장, 음영지역의 해소, 링크 전송률을 향상시킬 수 있다. 중계국은 중요한 이동 통신자원 중 하나로 등장하면서 많은 연구들이 최적의 중계국 선택 방안, 중계국 분배 알고리즘과 같은 주제에 초점을 맞추어 진행하여 왔다. 그러나 특정한 환경에 배치한 중계국 수와 획득할 수 있는 링크 전송률 이득 사이 관계를 정확히 분석하는 수학적 모델에 대한 제안은 없었다. 본 논문에서는 Voronoi tessellation에 의한 중계국 기반 클러스터 기법을 제안한다. 또한 Voronoi tessellation에 기반하여 배치한 중계국 수와 사용자가 획득할 수 있는 링크 전송률 이득 사이 관계에 대한 수학적 분석 모델을 추출한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 수학적 분석 모델의 정확성은 Erceg 경로 손실 모델에 기반한 시뮬레이션에 의해 검증되었다.
An Image Authentication Scheme Considering Privacy $#8212; A First Step towards Surveillance Camera Authentication (2005)

In this paper, we propose an authentication scheme considering privacy aimed for JPEG images. A picture from a surveillance camera must be authenticated when submitted to a third party, such as a legal organization, courts and so on. On one hand, privacy of objects in the picture must be considered. Therefore, mosaic and masking must be performed to the picture if needed. Our scheme authenticate JPEG picture, where parts are processed by mosaic and masking. Our scheme uses Merkle tree and Sandhu tree and achieves small overhead size needed to authenticate the processed picture.
Designing hierarchical hardware for efficient timer handling (2002)

The author describes the design of a timer handler coprocessor, the 6pm (Swedish Institute of Computer Science or SICS protocol machine) GMT (general manager of timers). In distributed systems, internode communication needs to have both high throughput and low end-to-end delay. For real-time applications, a guaranteed maximum delay is also important. Special-purpose communication processors (protocol machines) could be used in the nodes to speed up protocol execution. The design of the 6 pm which uses special-purpose coprocessors for well-defined subactivities, is described. This coprocessor is designed for good average and worst-case performance on a high-speed network. Performance estimations based on instructions-counting simulations are given. These simulations show that an implementation of the 6 pm GMT on an 88 K processor will be able to handle all timers on a gigabit network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
phangorn: phylogenetic analysis in R (2010)

phangorn can be obtained through the CRAN homepage http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/phangorn/index.html. phangorn is licensed under GPL 2.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Thermoelectric Properties of the Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> Thin Films Deposition by Using Thermal Evaporation Method (2015)

The antimony‐telluride (Sb 2 Te 3 ) thermoelectric thin films were prepared on SiO 2 /Si substrates by thermal evaporation method. The substrate temperature that ranged from room temperature to 150°C was adopted to deposit the Sb 2 Te 3 thin films. The effects of substrate temperature on the microstructures and thermoelectric properties of the Sb 2 Te 3 thin films were investigated. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the Sb 2 Te 3 thin films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analyses and field emission scanning electron microscope observation. The RT‐deposited Sb 2 Te 3 thin films showed the amorphous phase. Te and Sb 2 Te 3 phases were coexisted in the Sb 2 Te 3 ‐based thin films as the substrate temperature was higher than room temperature. The average grain sizes of the Sb 2 Te 3 ‐based thin films were 39 nm, 45 nm, 62 nm, 84 nm, and 108 nm, as the substrate temperatures were 50°C, 75°C, 100°C, 125°C, and 150°C, respectively. The Seebeck coefficients, electrical conductivity, and power factor were measured at room temperature; we had found that they were critically dependent on the substrate temperature.