gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Buffer‐Stable Chitosan–Polyglutamic Acid Hybrid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2013)

In spite of their attractive features, widespread biomedical applications of CS nanoparticles are yet to be realized due to their poor stability in physiological conditions, such as in buffer system at pH 7.4. Buffer-stable chitosan-based hybrid NPs (HNPs) are reported and characterized. Buffer stability is achieved by introducing polyglutamic acid to chitosan. The effect of PGA to CS molar ratio and crosslinking on HNP integrity, buffer stability, and biodegradability are studied. Preliminary in vitro studies are carried out to evaluate targeted uptake efficiency of folate conjugated HNPs. Successful demonstration of buffer stability and cancer cell targeting by HNPs achieves important milestones for chitosan-based nanoparticle technology.
Efficient Synthesis of 1α-Fluoro A-Ring Phosphine Oxide, a Useful Building Block for Vitamin D Analogues, from (<i>S</i>)<i>-</i>Carvone via a Highly Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Isomerization of Dieneoxide to Dieneol (2001)

The 1alpha-fluoro A-ring phosphine oxide 1, a useful building block for fluorinated vitamin D analogues, was synthesized from (S)-carvone in 13 synthetic steps, and only five isolations, in 22% overall yield. In the key synthetic step, a highly selective palladium-catalyzed isomerization of dieneoxide 18 to dieneol 20 was achieved using an appropriately selected fluorinated alcohol as a catalytic proton source.
Sensitive and Simple Methods for Determination of<scp>l</scp>-Lysine with<scp>l</scp>-Lysine<i>α</i>-Oxidase (1979)

l-Lysine could be determined satisfactorily with a new fungal enzyme, l-Iysine α-oxidase (EC 1.4.3). The method consists of the oxidative deamination of l-Iysine with l-lysine α-oxidase and the spectrophotometric determination of one of the reaction products: α-keto-ε-aminocaproate, its intramolecular dehydrated form, Δ1-piperideine-2-carboxylate or hydrogen peroxide. The method on the basis of the color reaction of hydrogen peroxide formed from l-lysine with 4-aminoantipyrine and phenol in the presence of peroxidase was most sensitive and simple. The method could be used for the direct assay of l-lysine levels in serums from several animals without pretreatments.
A Single-chain Templated Polymer-based Target Receptor as a New Platform for Label-free Selective Electrochemical Sensing (2019)

We report a novel single-chain polymer-based chemical receptor that can be used for the label-free electrochemical detection of an analyte with high selectivity. The polymer was developed using poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) as a backbone structure in addition to other functional monomers that are used to imprint the template molecule 4-nitrophenol. The polymer also contains a redox reporting monomers (ferrocene) which create a change in the electrochemical signal upon molecular recognition. We hypothesize that the analyte binding to the receptor causes the polymer conformation change from the extended to the collapsed phase. After anchoring the polymer-based receptors onto the surfaces of the gold electrode, when exposed to the analyte, the changes in the electrochemical signals were observed which confirmed the selective target binding as well as the polymer conformation change as a result.
Collaborative Filtering by Personality Diagnosis: A Hybrid Memory- and Model-Based Approach (2013)

The growth of Internet commerce has stimulated the use of collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms as recommender systems. Such systems leverage knowledge about the known preferences of multiple users to recommend items of interest to other users. CF methods have been harnessed to make recommendations about such items as web pages, movies, books, and toys. Researchers have proposed and evaluated many approaches for generating recommendations. We describe and evaluate a new method called emph{personality diagnosis (PD)}. Given a user's preferences for some items, we compute the probability that he or she is of the same "personality type" as other users, and, in turn, the probability that he or she will like new items. PD retains some of the advantages of traditional similarity-weighting techniques in that all data is brought to bear on each prediction and new data can be added easily and incrementally. Additionally, PD has a meaningful probabilistic interpretation, which may be leveraged to justify, explain, and augment results. We report empirical results on the EachMovie database of movie ratings, and on user profile data collected from the CiteSeer digital library of Computer Science research papers. The probabilistic framework naturally supports a variety of descriptive measurements - in particular, we consider the applicability of a value of information (VOI) computation.
A voting strategy for visual ego-motion from stereo (2010)

We present a procedure for egomotion estimation from visual input of a stereo pair of video cameras. The 3D egomotion problem, which has six degrees of freedom in general, is simplified to four dimensions and further decomposed to two two-dimensional subproblems. The decomposition allows us to use a voting strategy to identify the most probable solution, avoiding the random sampling (RANSAC) or other approximation techniques. The input constitutes of image correspondences between consecutive stereo pairs, i.e. feature points do not need to be tracked over time. The experiments show that even if a trajectory is put together as a simple concatenation of frame-to-frame increments, it comes out reliable and precise.
Photo-catalyzed 18F-fluorination of leucine and leucine analogues for system L imaging (2018)

65 Objectives: Amino acid tracers have been developed as alternatives for FDG-PET because they may provide complementary information to enhanced glycolysis, while improving imaging contrast in certain cancers. Conventional synthesis of 18F-labeled amino acids usually involves multiple-step precursor synthesis, making it difficult to screen a candidate pool and optimise tracer pharmacokinetics. Also, harsh reaction conditions such as heating under basic conditions may temper the intrinsic chirality of the tracers. In response, we have developed an aqueous, ambient temperature photo-fluorination reaction that allows for selective 18F insertion into tertiary C-H bonds of branched and unprotected aliphatic amino acids[1]. We used this method to synthesize and evaluate several leucine analogues as amino acid transporter system L substrates. Methods: [18F]F2 was converted to [18F]NFSI[2], which was then reacted with leucine or leucine analogues in the presence of sodium decatungstate and UV light (Fig.1). The reaction was carried out using either a micro-fluidic chip, or reaction well apparatus. The 18F-fluorinated amino acids were purified by cation exchange column. Their in vitro uptake was evaluated and their biodistribution in healthy or tumor bearing mice were also studied. Results: Several amino acid tracers have been synthesized using this method, including L-[18F]fluoroleucine (FL), L-[18F]fluorohomoleucine (FHL) and L-[18F]fluorobetahomoleucine (FBHL) (decay corrected radiochemical yield ranged from 23.3% to 33.3%). Cell uptake of L-[18F]FL and L-[18F]FHL showed higher uptake in MCF-7 and PC-3 compared to LNCap, consistent with the their LAT1 expression levels. The uptake in PC-3 cells was blocked by system L inhibitor/substrates including BCH, L-Leu and L-Val but not by system A or ACS inhibitor/substrates L-Ser and MeAIB. Healthy animal biodistribution showed high bone uptake for L-FL indicating in vivo defluorination, while L-[18F]FHL and L -[18F]FBL are stable in vivo. L-[18F]FHL biodistribution in PC-3 and U-87 tumor bearing mice at 1h p.i. demonstrated tracer accumulation in both cases (5.9± 0.7%ID/g (n = 4) for U-87, 5.6 ± 3.2%ID/g (n = 5) for PC-3, Fig.1). Conclusion: We have developed a novel method to label unprotected, branched aliphatic amino acid in mild, aqueous conditions. We have used this method to synthesize several system L substrates and L-[18F]FHL stood out as a strong system L tracer. The potential of L-[18F]FHL for tumor imaging was demonstrated in PC-3 and U-87 tumor models. More system L tracers are under investigation using this Methods: References: 1. M. Nodwell, H Yang, M. Colovic, Z. Yuan, H. Merkens, W. Fu, R. E. Martin, F. Benard, P. Schaffer, R. Britton, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139, 3595. 2. H. Teare, E. G. Robins, E. Arstad, S. K. Luthra, V. Gouverneur, Chem. Commun. 2007, 2330.
Attenuation of low-frequency underwater sound using bubble resonance phenomena and acoustic impedance mismatching. (2010)

Air bubbles can be a significant source of attenuation in underwater sound propagation, but such effects have not been experimentally verified for low frequencies in part due to the difficulty in creating large stable bubbles. This work is in part an extension of a previously reported study on the acoustic effects of large resonant encapsulated air bubbles in a 1-D waveguide [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 2015 (2010)]. Now, both bubble resonance effects and impedance contrast effects are investigated in a large (2600 m3) tank. Both of these mechanisms are shown to attenuate sound at low frequencies (50–200 Hz) through experiments in which a sound source is surrounded by a column of freely rising sub-resonant bubbles, a matrix of tethered resonant air balloons, and a combination of the two. Experiments with a matrix of thicker-shelled encapsulated bubbles demonstrate decreased attenuation due to weaker resonant interaction. The use of a polydipserse versus monodisperse encapsulated bubble size distribution demonstrates a flattened frequency response for fixed global void fraction. Finite-element models of both an effective medium bubble cloud and discrete stationary bubbles are discussed and compared with experiment. [Work supported by Shell.]
Allogeneic Human Double Negative T Cells as a Novel Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Underlying Mechanisms (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> To explore the potential of <i>ex vivo</i> expanded healthy donor-derived allogeneic CD4 and CD8 double-negative cells (DNT) as a novel cellular immunotherapy for leukemia patients.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Clinical-grade DNTs from peripheral blood of healthy donors were expanded and their antileukemic activity and safety were examined using flow cytometry-based <i>in vitro</i> killing assays and xenograft models against AML patient blasts and healthy donor-derived hematopoietic cells. Mechanism of action was investigated using antibody-mediated blocking assays and recombinant protein treatment assays.<b>Results:</b> Expanded DNTs from healthy donors target a majority (36/46) of primary AML cells, including 9 chemotherapy-resistant patient samples <i>in vitro</i>, and significantly reduce the leukemia load in patient-derived xenograft models in a DNT donor-unrestricted manner. Importantly, allogeneic DNTs do not attack normal hematopoietic cells or affect hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell engraftment and differentiation, or cause xenogeneic GVHD in recipients. Mechanistically, DNTs express high levels of NKG2D and DNAM-1 that bind to cognate ligands preferentially expressed on AML cells. Upon recognition of AML cells, DNTs rapidly release IFNγ, which further increases NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands' expression on AML cells. IFNγ pretreatment enhances the susceptibility of AML cells to DNT-mediated cytotoxicity, including primary AML samples that are otherwise resistant to DNTs, and the effect of IFNγ treatment is abrogated by NKG2D and DNAM-1-blocking antibodies.<b>Conclusions:</b> This study supports healthy donor-derived allogeneic DNTs as a therapy to treat patients with chemotherapy-resistant AML and also reveals interrelated roles of NKG2D, DNAM-1, and IFNγ in selective targeting of AML by DNTs. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 370-82. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Chlorine-activated diamond CVD (1995)

A novel method of producing atomic hydrogen and the active carbon species necessary for diamond CVD has been demonstrated. This method starts with the generation of atomic chlorine from the thermal dissociation of molecular chlorine in a resistively heated graphite furnace at temperature from 1,300--1,500 C. Atomic hydrogen and the carbon precursors are subsequently produced through rapid hydrogen abstraction reactions of atomic chlorine with molecular hydrogen and hydrocarbons at the point where they mix. The quality of the diamond deposits has been found to depend on both substrate temperatures and H{sub 2}/C{sub 2} mole ratios. The effects of process parameters such as substrate and furnace temperatures, methane and chlorine flows, and system pressures on diamond growth rates have also been studied by an in situ Fizeau interferometer. The all carbon nature of the activation device and the low activation and deposition temperatures involved in chlorine-activated diamond CVD likely permit diamond depositions free of metal and nitrogen impurities.
Temporal synchronization of watermarked video using image hashing (2005)

In this paper, we concentrate on video watermarking for forensics applications and consider the temporal synchronization problem, which has been overlooked in the literature so far. As a result, we propose a system that provides temporal synchronization in video watermarking by using side information at the receiver. Short perceptually-robust representations (also known as robust hash values) of randomly selected frames from the watermarked video regions is derived at the encoder and transmitted to the decoder. Synchronization is then achieved by computing perceptually-representative information of all frames of the received video at the receiver and finding the "best matching region" via solving a combinatorial optimization problem efficiently using dynamic programming techniques. A suitably-chosen "robust image hash" function is used to derive the necessary representative information of the video frames; the resulting hash values possess properties of being short in length, computable in real time, and similar (resp. different) for perceptually similar (resp. different) video frames with high probability. We experimentally illustrate the effectiveness of our method against several attacks, which include frame-wise geometric attacks, as well as temporal de-synchronization attacks, such as random temporal interpolation, scene editing, cutting and swapping.
Performance analysis of a fault detection scheme in multiprocessor systems (1987)

A technique is described for detecting and diagnosing faults at the processor level in a multiprocessor system. In this method, a process is assigned whenever possible to two processors: the processor that it would normally be assigned to (primary) and an additional processor which would otherwise be idle (secondary). Two strategies will be described and analyzed: one which is preemptive and another which is non-preemptive. It is shown that for moderately loaded systems, a sufficient percentage of processes can be performed redundantly using the system's spare capacity to provide a basis for fault detection and diagnosis with virtually no degradation of response time.
Optimal time-hopping codes for multi-user interference mitigation in ultra-wide bandwidth impulse radio (2006)

In this work we tackle the problem of mitigating the multi-user interference by optimizing the time-hopping codes, in an asynchronous impulse radio multiple access scheme. We derive the expression of the multi-user interference variance at the output of a Rake receiver assuming that the codes are deterministic, for both pulse position modulation and pulse amplitude modulation formats, when propagating through multipath channels. The result shows that the code contribution is independent of the other parameters. We derive from this expression a practical criterion that enables us to find a set of optimal codes that ensures minimal multi-user interference variance at the receiver output. We check through simulations, that the set of optimal codes found using the criterion, leads to bit error rate improvement
Verification of a chaos-based random number generator through the bootstrap (2014)

A random number generation method based on a cross coupled chaotic oscillator is introduced. Numerical model for the proposed design has been developed where bootstrap method is utilized which allows us to estimate the statistical characteristics of underlying chaotic signal. Numerical results verifying the feasibility and correct operation of the random number generator are given such that numerically generated binary sequences fulfill FIPS-140-2 statistical test suites for randomness without post-processing. Presented random number generator features much higher and constant throughput rates and allows offset compensation.
P‐157: A Single Cell‐Gap Transflective VA LCD using Positive Liquid Crystal Materials (2006)

Abstract We propose a single cell gap vertical‐alignment transflective LCD with patterned electrodes using a positive dielectric anisotropic liquid crystal. As compared to prior attempts using a positive LC in VA configurations, our new design significantly reduces the threshold and on‐state voltages to a range reachable by portable electronic displays. In addition, the light efficiency is also enhanced and it only requires a single gamma curve for both transmissive and reflective modes.
NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF BLADDER CONTRACTILITY IN MEN (2004)

The cuff test gives a valid and reproducible estimate of isovolumetric bladder pressure in a manner acceptable to patients, although test failure and variability of agreement require improvement. The test may be of value in the assessment of urinary symptoms and may aid in patient selection for prostatectomy.
<title>Watermark extimation through local pixel correlation</title> (1999)

Many invisible watermarking schemes can be modeled as the addition of a watermark signal to an image, yielding a watermarked variant perceptually similar to the original image. In this paper, we describe a method by which an attacker, given only an image watermarked with such a technique, can attempt to construct an approximation to the watermark. The technique estimates an embedded signal by taking advantage of the inter-pixel correlation typically found in natural images, thereby allowing for a method of both watermark removal and watermark forgery. Furthermore, the approach is computationally inexpensive, making it suitable for attacks on proposed video watermarking schemes.
Pressure Assisted Application of Tubular Nanofiber Forward Osmosis Membrane in Membrane Bioreactor Coupled with Reverse Osmosis System (2021)

Membrane bioreactors (MBR) with osmotic pressure driven membranes have significant advantages over bioreactors operated with pressure driven membranes. Since no pressure is applied to the membrane, except the concentrate circulation, osmotic membranes are less prone to fouling. Membrane fouling is an important limiting factor in MBRs, resulting in a frequent plantservice and high operating costs. In addition, other issues such as concentrate management and increased demands for reuse of treated wastewater have led to research of new processes such as the use of osmotic membranes in MBRs. In this study, tubular electrospun nanofiber (TuEN) membrane was coated with polyamide layer (PA) and the tubular nanofiber forward osmosis (TuNFO) membrane was manufactured. It operated submerged in a laboratory scale MBR under application of vacuum and concentrate circulation at the same time. The output of MBR was a feed for the reverse osmosis (RO) system. The RO-concentrate recirculated along the submerged membrane. To achieve an increased water flux and low salt flux in the MBR, the vacuum pressure was applied to the submerged membrane by operating the vacuum pump. The MBR system operated for sixteen months without washing and cleaning, and relatively better water fluxes were obtained (averaged 7.35 L m–2 h–1) compared to forward osmosis membrane bioreactors. The overall system (MBR + RO) exhibited high removal efficiencies for organic carbon (>99%), total nitrogen (TN) (70.8%), and total phosphorus (TP) (99.8%). With the concentrate management, the waste discharge of the entire system was minimized. The main point to be investigated more detailed in further studies is the relationship between the membrane structure and the operation mode. The pressure assisted circulation of saline concentrate without mixing with low concentrated feed through a membrane with suitable structure such as TuNFO membrane exhibits an important potential in MBR applications.
Charge-based on-chip measurement technique for the selective extraction of cross-coupling capacitances (2002)

We present a simple test structure (derived from the CBCM technique proposed by Sylvester et al.) that enables the selective extraction of cross-coupling capacitance between arbitrary on-chip interconnects. We discuss the silicon implementation on a 0.18um CMOS process and report preliminary experimental results
Coherent Fiber Optic Subcarrier Multiplexed Systems (1990)

The results for coherent fiber optic digital subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) system experiments are described. With a frequency shift keying (FSK) format, 20 video channels at 100 Mb/s each were transmitted on one optical carrier using microwave subcarriers in a multi-octave configuration. A receiver sensitivity of -27 dBm was obtained when using narrow linewidth Nd YAG lasers, representing a 14 dB improvement over a 20 channel direct detection SCM system. It is shown that intermodulation distortion, in addition to shot noise and thermal noise, limits the obtainable receiver sensitivity. Theoretical and experimental results are compared and conditions for optimal performance as a function of channel number and phase modulation index are given. Analog system experiments using standard DFB lasers with a combined linewidth of 50 MHz were also performed. By employing a simple phase noise cancellation circuit, 12 FM video channels with a 30 MHz bandwidth and a 40 MHz channel spacing were successfully transmitted.
Monolithic Integration Of Si And GaAs Devices (1987)

Integration of Si MOSFETs with GaAs MESFETs and with GaAs/AlGaAs double-heterostructure LEDs on mono-lithic GaAs/Si substrates is reviewed. Both Si MOSFETs and GaAs MESFETs show characteristics comparable to those for devices fabricated on separate Si and GaAs substrates. In LED/MOSFET integration, the cathode of each LED is connected with the drain of a MOSFET. LED modulation rates up to 27 Mbps have been achieved by applying a stream of voltage pulses to the MOSFET gate.
Optimizing MRI scan time in the computation of pharmacokinetic parameters (K<sup>trans</sup>) in breast cancer diagnosis (2013)

Reducing the acquisition time for the K(trans) and ve measurement up to 60 seconds yields reasonable accuracy for both and can be incorporated in the routine DCE-MRI protocol for evaluation of enhancing breast lesions.
Sorghum (2014)

Sorghum plays an important role in the development and evolution of dedicated energy crops. This chapter focuses on sorghum growth and development, composition, relevant production issues and genetic improvement approaches. As an energy crop, sorghum is unique in that there are several types of sorghum that are and can be used for biofuel or bioproduct production, with the defining factor in these crops being the primary source of fermentable carbohydrates. The successful breeding history of grain and forage sorghum demonstrates that biomass and sweet sorghum hybrids can be developed using the same approaches. The genetic resources available to sorghum breeders, contained in both the currently utilized breeding germplasm, as well as the extensive public germplasm collections, represent a rich repository of genetic variation, which is necessary for breeding progress.