gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A thermo-reversible silicone elastomer with remotely controlled self-healing (2018)

Soft thermoplastic elastomers with increased durability and reliability are in high demand for a broad spectrum of applications. Silicone elastomers are soft and durable, but they are not thermoplastic in nature, and under extreme conditions such as high voltage or large deformations, reliability may also suffer. Thus, as a solution to these shortcomings, which are typical of silicone elastomers, it is natural to propose a thermo-reversible, self-healing, and recyclable silicone-based elastomer. Stimuli-responsivity is imparted to the silicone polymer by incorporating supramolecular 2-ureido-4[1<i>H</i>]-pyrimidone (UPy) self-assembling motifs <i>via</i> free radical polymerisation. Self-healing of the novel elastomer may be triggered by both direct and indirect heating, the latter by means of incorporating Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> particles into the elastomer and subsequent exposure to an alternating magnetic field. As a consequence of temperature responsiveness and high thermal stability, the elastomer is proven recyclable, by withstanding multiple reprocessing procedures with no substantial effects on the resulting properties. The synergy of these valuable characteristics makes this novel material a smart candidate for innumerable applications where soft and reliable elastomers are sought.
An Overview on the use of Ontologies in Software Engineering (2016)

One of the main goals of the Software Engineering (SE) discipline is to find higher abstraction levels and ways to reuse software in order to increase its productivity and quality. Ontologies, which are typically considered as a technique or an artifact used in one or more software lifecycle phases, may be used to help achieve that goal. This paper provides a literature review, discussion and analysis of the existing solutions for implementing ontologies in SE. We selected several software development paradigms (including Software Product Lines, Component-Based Development, Generative Programming and Model-Driven Engineering) for our classification and discussion of different approaches proposed in the literature. It was established that ontologies are suitable for providing a common vocabulary to avoid misunderstanding between different parties in SE, requirements specification, features specification, variability management, components specification, components matching, model transformations and code generation. Based on the conducted review, guidelines for further research are given.
Surface Al leached Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub>as a substitute for carbon for use as a catalyst support in a harsh corrosive electrochemical system (2014)

Surface Al leached Ti3AlC2 particles (e-TAC) with high corrosion resistance and excellent electrical conductivity were developed as an advanced support material for Pt catalysts. Electrochemical measurements confirm that the supported Pt/e-TAC electrocatalyst shows much improved activity and enhanced durability toward the oxygen reduction reaction when compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Solvent content of thick photoresist films (2000)

Thick photoresist films continue to play an important role in many areas such as micromachining, magnetic recording heads, or wafer bumping. The composition of the solid film is critical in achieving the high performance of the thick resist needed at the very high aspect ratios (> 10) which are being phased in by today's production lines. Dissolution as well as optical properties of thick resist films are affected by resist drying and by the PAC decomposition process at higher temperatures. In our study we determine the residual solvent in the film as a function of film thickness and soft bake conditions for AZ<SUP>R</SUP>P4620 resist, AZ<SUP>R</SUP>9260 resist, and the new ultrahigh viscosity AZ<SUP>R</SUP>EXP PLP<SUP>TM</SUP>100XT resist at film thickness between 10 and 40 micrometer. Lithographic performance is compared for different levels of residual solvent and PAC decomposition. A direct determination of the solvent content by gas chromatography is correlated with results obtained by FT-IR measurements. It is found that determination of solvent content by FT-IR measurements is possible but that the FT-IR signal is convoluted with that of a PAC decomposition product. PAC decomposition itself is also monitored by the C equals N<SUB>2</SUB> FT-IR absorbance, and PAC decomposition kinetics are analyzed to give the kinetic parameters.
Wavepath tomography for model building and hazard detection (2008)

In complex velocity models, such as below rugose salt bodies, wavefield continuation migration is usually superior to Kirchhoff methods because of multi‐pathing, sharp velocity contrasts and the bandlimited nature of seismic wave propagation. Wavepath tomography offers a way to build the velocity model in a way that is consistent with the migration operator: instead of tracing rays to backproject residual velocities, a “wavepath” is constructed using the actual wavefield continuation operator to represent the wave propagation between surface source/receiver pairs and subsurface reflection points by multiplication of impulse responses downgoing from the surface location and upgoing from the reflection point. The size of the inversion is kept manageable by restricting the wavepath to the first Fresnel zone. We demonstrate the applicability and superiority of this approach for building complex velocity models in areas of salt tectonics and for hazard detection.
Production, characterization, and mechanical properties of starch modified by Ophiostoma spp. (2006)

Microbial modification of starch with Ophiostoma spp . was investigated, with the purpose of developing a novel packaging material for the food or pharmaceutical industries. Various starch sources, such as tapioca, potato, corn, rice and amylopectin were tested as raw materials. The initial screening demonstrated that tapioca and potato starch had better performance for biopolymer production. The yield was about 85%. Preliminary characterization of the modified biopolymer was also conducted. Following microbial conversion, the percentage of molecules with at least a Mw of 10M Daltons increased from 25% to 89% after 3 days, confirming that the modification increased the weight of the starch polymer. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) revealed changes in the chemical structure of the starch after the modification. Both pure starches and the modified biopolymers were cast into films and tested for mechanical properties. The tensile tests showed that after treatment with the fungus, the peak stress and modulus of the films increased about 10 and 40 times, respectively. Also, the water barrier property was improved. Therefore, microbial modification positively impacted proper-ties relevant to the proposed applications . Although the role of the fungus in the modification and the function-property relationship of the biopolymer are not yet completely clear, the results of this study show promise for development of a novel biopolymer that competes with existing packaging materials.
Torque generated by handheld screwdrivers and mechanical torquing devices for osseointegrated implants. (1994)

This study evaluated the ability of practitioners experienced in the use of Brãnemark implant components to impart a desired torque using handheld screwdrivers. The torque output and variability of mechanical torque devices was also examined. For clinicians using handheld screwdrivers, values ranged from 0.7 to 18.1 Ncm, 1.4 to 33.7 Ncm, and 8.2 to 36.2 Ncm for the 10-Ncm, 20-Ncm, and 32-Ncm torques respectively. The manually operated mechanical torquing devices produced torque values within the tolerances specified by their respective manufacturers at all levels. Significant variation from the manufacturer's set values were noted as a function of tightening speed with the electronic torquing device. The data indicate that there is wide variation in the ability of clinicians to perceive adequate torquing forces applied to implant components. Calibrated torquing devices are mandatory if proper torquing procedures are to be accomplished.
Restoration of Serum Albumin Levels in Nagase Analbuminemic Rats by Hepatocyte Transplantation (1999)

Recently, we described a new strategy for hepatocyte transplantation, using retrorsine/partial hepatectomy (PH) in a DPPIV- mutant Fischer rat model. Treatment of rats with retrorsine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, blocks endogenous hepatocytes from proliferating, so that after exposure to this agent coupled with PH and hepatocyte transplantation, transplanted hepatocytes selectively repopulate the liver. In the present study, we determined whether this method of cell transplantation can restore biosynthetic and physiological function in the liver by transplanting normal hepatocytes into rats genetically deficient in albumin synthesis, the Nagase analbuminic rat (NAR). After hepatocyte transplantation, albumin mRNA and protein were identified in the liver by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and serum albumin levels were determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. At 1 month posttransplantation, large clusters of cells expressing albumin mRNA and protein were identified in the liver, representing approximately 50% of hepatocytes for albumin mRNA and approximately 61% for protein. At 2 months' posttransplantation, cells expressing albumin mRNA represented approximately 77% of hepatocyte mass, and cells expressing albumin protein represented approximately 81% of total hepatocyte mass. Hepatocyte-transplanted NAR also exhibited normal or near-normal serum albumin levels (3.0 +/- 0.2 g/dL). High levels of serum albumin were sustained for the 2-month duration of experiments. These results demonstrate the ability of this protocol for hepatocyte transplantation to restore a major biosynthetic and physiological function of the liver, and suggest its potential use as a method to treat genetic-based or acquired liver diseases.
Co/Fe multilayers with ultra-low damping and large negative anisotropy as the free layer for spin torque oscillator (2016)

We have investigated the characteristic properties of Co/Fe multilayers sputtered on Ru underlayer as the field generation layer (FGL) of spin torque oscillator (STO) for microwave assisted magnetic recording. The Co/Fe multilayers exhibit large uniaxial negative anisotropy (up to ∼8.7 × 106 erg/cm3), ultra-low damping constant (∼0.008), and small in plane coercivity Hc (∼5 Oe) that are required for stable STO precession over a wide range of applied magnetic fields and injected spin currents. The importance of Ru underlayer to achieve the above parameters has been addressed. We further show through theoretical calculations that a frequency of 30+ GHz is realistic using Co/Fe multilayers as the field generation layer in a STO comprising a perpendicularly magnetized polarizer and a planar FGL (10-nm Co/Fe multilayers) separated by a metallic spacer.
Determining the Impact of Age, Sex and Location in the Spread of Tuberculosis Infection among Patients, in Bayelsa State Nigeria, using Molecular Technique (2022)

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a disease condition caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Several predisposing factors such as Age, Sex and overcrowding may have affected the prevalence of tuberculosis in various locations including Bayelsa State and other parts of the world. Aim: The aim of this study is to know if Age, Sex and Location determines tuberculosis rate of infection, using molecular technique to isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Methodology: We analyzed a total of 102 sputum samples, which were collected from each of the participants. GeneXpert molecular method was used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistant cases. The data and results obtained are statistically analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. Result: Out of the 102 sputum samples screened, 91(89.2%) were confirmed to have tuberculosis, Tuberculosis among male and female were 54(52.9%) and 37(36.3%) respectively, while rifampicin resistance among male and female were 3(2.9%) and 5(4.9%) respectively. Tuberculosis infection among male and female were not statistically significant (p = .75). The age intervals are 11-20, 21-31, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70 and 71-80. 31-40 years had the highest tuberculosis prevalence of 30(29.4). The various locations were Brass, Ekeremor, Kolokuma/Opokuma, Nembe, Ogbia, Southern Ijaw and Sagbama Local Governmemt Areas. People residing in Yenagoa local Government had more positive case of both rifampicin resistant 5(4.9%) and non-rifampicin resistant tuberculosis infection. Conclusion: Tuberculosis infection is more predominant among male in Bayelsa State than female but rifampicin resistance species are more predominant among females. The age group interval of 40-41 had the highest prevalence of tuberculosis infection while the highest location of tuberculosis infection is Yenagoa.
High Salivary Acetaldehyde After a Moderate Dose of Alcohol in ALDH2‐Deficient Subjects: Strong Evidence for the Local Carcinogenic Action of Acetaldehyde (2000)

By using this human "knockout model" for deficient acetaldehyde removal, we found that in addition to oral microflora, acetaldehyde in saliva may also originate from the oxidation of ethanol in the parotid gland. When combined with earlier epidemiological data, these results offer a strong evidence for the local carcinogenic action of acetaldehyde in humans.
Control of hepatitis B virus among alaskan natives (1988)

In 1983, a comprehensive programme was introduced to halt the spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and to reduce mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Alaskan Natives, in whom the incidence of HBV infection was high. This programme includes: serological screening of all Alaskan Natives; immunization of susceptible persons, including all newborn babies, with hepatitis B vaccine; and testing HBsAg-positive carriers twice a year for α-fetoprotein (AFP) to detect HCC at an early stage. By October, 1986, over 53,000 Alaskan Natives (84% of the total Native population) had been tested for HBV serological markers and 80% of the identified susceptibles had been or were being vaccinated against HBV. After complete immunization of 90% of the susceptibles in the area with the highest infection rates in Alaska, the annual incidence of acute symptomatic HBV infection decreased from 215 to 14 cases per 100,000 population. After the introduction of AFP screening, the 1-year-case-fatality rate for HCC fell from 100% to 50%.
Reconnaissance with ultra wideband UHF synthetic aperture radar (1995)

The author addresses the problem of detecting and identifying stationary and moving targets with foliage penetrating UHF synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The role of a target's coherent SAR signature, which varies with the radar's frequency and aspect angle, in forming the Fourier space of the SAR signal is analyzed. The resultant relationship is the basis of an algorithm which, after extracting (digital spotlighting) the target's coherent SAR signature in the reconstruction domain, could be used to differentiate man-made structures from foliage. Methods for blind-velocity moving target indication are discussed. The main tool of the work is a signal theory based analysis of SAR signal via Fourier transform. However, the theory is at most as good as the collected SAR data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-time Production Optimization in the Okume Complex Field, Offshore Equatorial Guinea (2011)

Abstract Efficient oilfield asset management requires the effective use of real-time data, model updates, and optimization of control variables to produce the most favorable choices However, the orchestration of disciplines, workflow tools and available data represents critical issues in the oil industry. In many cases, the engineer may not focus on high-impact tasks nor generate added-value opportunities. Instead, the engineer's attention is diverted to collect, manipulate and create data charts. Data collection and validation, as well as model validation and updates, are repetitive tasks that may be automated under certain conditions to relieve engineers from low- value-added tasks. Real-time production optimization (RTPO) is one component of the Digital Oil Field (DOF) that aims to solve these issues. This paper focuses on the implementation of an RTPO system in the Okume Complex field in Offshore Equatorial Guinea. Two main challenges in this field include continuously allocating gaslift in frequently changing field conditions while minimizing production losses as well as understanding and maximizing the field production plateau. A commercial tool was used to demonstrate the value of RTPO. The implemented project supports the automation of standard workflows within the asset. The project proved several hypotheses concerning the streamlining of data capture, discipline interaction and model sustainability. Data availability and model readiness resulted as key factors from the fast and proficient implementation of the tool. The implementation of the project reduced the time requirement for test data gathering, validating, and model updating by more than 70%. The intelligent wells achieved continuous zonal allocation while minimizing the risks of crossflow. According to the results of this work, the asset is now able to adjust gaslift settings on a daily basis for optimizing production between 1.0% and 5.1% daily. This paper presents a summary of the benefits during pilot implementation, current project status, and the next steps.
Automatic Segmentation For Music Classification Using Competitive Hidden Markov Models. (2000)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Efficient datapath merging for partially reconfigurable architectures (2005)

Reconfigurable systems have been shown to achieve significant performance speedup through architectures that map the most time-consuming application kernel modules or inner loops to a reconfigurable datapath. As each portion of the application starts to execute, the system partially reconfigures the datapath so as to perform the corresponding computation. The reconfigurable datapath should have as few and simple hardware blocks and interconnections as possible, in order to reduce its cost, area, and reconfiguration overhead. To achieve that, hardware blocks and interconnections should be reused as much as possible across the application. We represent each piece of the application as a data-flow graph (DFG). The DFG merging process identifies similarities among the DFGs, and produces a single datapath that can be dynamically reconfigured and has a minimum area cost, when considering both hardware blocks and interconnections. In this paper we present a novel technique for the DFG merge problem, and we evaluate it using programs from the MediaBench benchmark. Our algorithm execution time approaches the fastest previous solution to this problem and produces datapaths with an average area reduction of 20%. When compared to the best known area solution, our approach produces datapaths with area costs equivalent to (and in many cases better than) it, while achieving impressive speedups.
Dramatic Shifts in Benthic Microbial Eukaryote Communities following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (2012)

Benthic habitats harbour a significant (yet unexplored) diversity of microscopic eukaryote taxa, including metazoan phyla, protists, algae and fungi. These groups are thought to underpin ecosystem functioning across diverse marine environments. Coastal marine habitats in the Gulf of Mexico experienced visible, heavy impacts following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, yet our scant knowledge of prior eukaryotic biodiversity has precluded a thorough assessment of this disturbance. Using a marker gene and morphological approach, we present an intensive evaluation of microbial eukaryote communities prior to and following oiling around heavily impacted shorelines. Our results show significant changes in community structure, with pre-spill assemblages of diverse Metazoa giving way to dominant fungal communities in post-spill sediments. Post-spill fungal taxa exhibit low richness and are characterized by an abundance of known hydrocarbon-degrading genera, compared to prior communities that contained smaller and more diverse fungal assemblages. Comparative taxonomic data from nematodes further suggests drastic impacts; while pre-spill samples exhibit high richness and evenness of genera, post-spill communities contain mainly predatory and scavenger taxa alongside an abundance of juveniles. Based on this community analysis, our data suggest considerable (hidden) initial impacts across Gulf beaches may be ongoing, despite the disappearance of visible surface oil in the region.
Formation and progression of sub-retinal pigment epithelium deposits in Efemp1 mutation knock-in mice: a model for the early pathogenic course of macular degeneration (2007)

Malattia leventinese (ML) is a dominantly inherited macular degenerative disease characterized by the presence of sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits. With the exception of an earlier age of onset, ML patients exhibit symptoms and histopathology compatible with the diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of incurable blindness. ML is caused by a mutation (R345W) in the gene EFEMP1 which encodes fibulin-3, a protein of unknown function. We generated a knock-in mouse carrying the disease-associated mutation in the murine Efemp1 gene. Small, isolated sub-RPE deposits developed as early as 4 months of age in both heterozygous and homozygous knock-in mice. Over time these deposits increased in size and number eventually becoming continuous sheets. In older mice membranous debris was observed within the deposits and within Bruch's membrane, and was accompanied by general RPE and choroidal abnormalities including degeneration, vacuolation, loss or disruption of the RPE basal infoldings, choroidal atrophy, and focal thickening of and invasion of cellular processes into Bruch's membrane. Fibulin-3 was found to accumulate in the sub-RPE deposits. Thus, the Efemp1 knock-in mice reconstitute the most important histopathologic symptoms of both ML and AMD. We conclude that these mice are a valuable tool for studying the primary pathogenic course of basal deposits associated with macular degeneration and for testing prevention and treatment strategies for this class of diseases.
An e-Health tele-media application for patient management (2013)

Developing countries have challenges of providing health care services to its citizenry, delivering medical services and monitoring patients for progress and real-time data collection for research and development. In Uganda, Malaria, Malnutrition, respiratory tract infections, HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis are leading causes of morbidity and mortality [7]. There is a great need to deploy technologies like Speech Recognition, IVR, SMS and web applications in the health sector that will provide patients (especially out-patients) with real-time management of illnesses, reactions or side effects to prescribed medication, update patients on scheduled doctor patient appointments and make prescription reminders, provide survey data for medical research, facilitate access diagnosis from a physician and general medical assistance using a combination of a web services, speech recognition, IVR and SMS.