gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TOMBO sensor with scene-independent superresolution processing (2007)

One approach to flat sensor design is to use a lenslet array to form multiple subimages of a scene and then combine the subimages to recover a fully sampled image by using a superresolution algorithm. Previously, superresolution image assembly has been based on information derived from the observed scene. For lenslet arrays, we propose a new scene-independent approach based only on known imager properties in which relative subimage shifts are accurately estimated with a calibration procedure using point source imaging. Thus, the relative resolution enhancement provided by the scene-independent superresolution algorithm is impervious to changes in subimage content, contrast, sharpness, and noise.
Pre-Touch Sensing for Mobile Interaction (2016)

Touchscreens continue to advance including progress towards sensing fingers proximal to the display. We explore this emerging pre-touch modality via a self-capacitance touchscreen that can sense multiple fingers above a mobile device, as well as grip around the screen's edges. This capability opens up many possibilities for mobile interaction. For example, using pre-touch in an anticipatory role affords an "ad-lib interface" that fades in a different UI--appropriate to the context--as the user approaches one-handed with a thumb, two-handed with an index finger, or even with a pinch or two thumbs. Or we can interpret pre-touch in a retroactive manner that leverages the approach trajectory to discern whether the user made contact with a ballistic vs. a finely-targeted motion. Pre-touch also enables hybrid touch + hover gestures, such as selecting an icon with the thumb while bringing a second finger into range to invoke a context menu at a convenient location. Collectively these techniques illustrate how pre-touch sensing offers an intriguing new back-channel for mobile interaction.
Free Radical Generation Assays:  New Methodology for Accelerated Oxidation Studies at Low Temperature in Complex Food Matrices (2005)

A novel method for the rapid screening of antioxidant efficacy and oxidative stability in food and feed matrices has been developed. The analyses are described as free radical generation (FRG) assays. The new procedure combines the use of azo-initiators with analytical equipment that is widely used for antioxidant research such as the oxidative stability instrument and the oxygen bomb. The use of initiators instead of high temperatures as a driving force to increase the rate of oxidation improves the correlation between the accelerated screening of foodstuffs and real shelf life. The improved correlation can be mainly explained by the fact that food products are analyzed in their original status, maintaining all interfacial phenomena of the food matrix. Furthermore, the lower temperature of analysis reduces differences between the reaction kinetics of the assay and those of the oxidation during actual shelf life. Consequently, the correlation between the accelerated analysis and shelf life is improved, particularly when compared to accelerated oxidation at high temperatures. The FRG assays could be used successfully to evaluate the efficacy of natural antioxidants in heat-sensitive food products such as emulsions and meat products. A good correlation was observed between the accelerated tests and the oxidation parameters obtained from standard shelf-life evaluation. It was possible to successfully compare the efficacy of several antioxidants and to predict shelf life for these heat-sensitive food matrices.
Estimation of thermal efficiency in hydrogasification of coal. (1985)

In order to estimate the thermal efficiency of the production of high calorie gas from coal, calculation formulas were derived assuming a process that consists of two steps, i. e. hydrogasification and hydrogen manufacture, and the value of the efficiency was calculated on the basis of the material balance of hydrogasification obtained under various experimental conditions. Relationships were determined between the feeding ratio of hydrogen to coal and the coal conversion or the heat value of the product gas and between the coal conversion and the heat value of the product gas or of the residual char so that the thermal efficiency can be estimated accurately.As a result, the following characteristics were made clear;(1) the coal conversion is not affected by the gasification pressure and it is deter-mined almost wholly by the hydrogen/coal ratio;(2) the heat value of the gas produced is well related to the hydrogen/coal ratio and attained to the maximum value of about 6, 500 kcal/m3 at a hydrogen/coal ratio of 0.5m3/kg; and(3) the total heat value of the gas produced or the residual char is in a good linear relation with the coal conversion.For a process wherein the total amount of hydrogen necessary for the hydrogasification is furnished completely by gasification of the residual char produced in the hydrogasification step, the heat value of the gas calculated is 6, 010-6, 430kcal/m3 and the thermal efficiency of the process about 0.534-0.679. The thermal efficiency was also calculated on a process wherein an adequate amount of coal was supplemented in addition to the residual char in the hydrogen manufacture step, or a process wherein unreacted hydrogen in the product gas was separated and recycled to the hydrogasification step to fill up the defficiency of the hydrogen in the hydrogasification step.
<i>n</i>-CdSe/<i>p</i>-ZnTe based wide band-gap light emitters: Numerical simulation and design (1993)

The only II-VI/II-VI wide band-gap heterojunction to provide both good lattice match and p- and n-type dopability is CdSe/ZnTe. We have carried out numerical simulations of several light emitter designs incorporating CdSe, ZnTe, and Mg alloys. In the simulations, Poisson’s equation is solved in conjunction with the hole and electron current and continuity equations. Radiative and nonradiative recombination in bulk material and at interfaces are included in the model. Simulation results show that an n-CdSe/p-ZnTe heterostructure is unfavorable for efficient wide band-gap light emission due to recombination in the CdSe and at the CdSe/ZnTe interface. An n-CdSe/MgxCd1−xSe/p-ZnTe heterostructure significantly reduces interfacial recombination and facilitates electron injection into the p-ZnTe layer. The addition of a MgyZn1−yTe electron confining layer further improves the efficiency of light emission. Finally, an n-CdSe/MgxCd1−xSe/MgyZn1−yTe/p-ZnTe design allows tunability of the wavelength of light emission from green into the blue wavelength regime.
New tire black sidewall composition (1991)

This article describes a new isobutylene-based polymer with improved functionality, completely saturated to provide ozone, oxidation and flex fatigue resistance. This new polymer, in combination with appropriate blends of general purpose rubbers, gives a sidewall composition to meet current and future needs while retaining all other basic performance requirements for the tire sidewall.
A Novel Tapered Rotating Electrical Machine Topology Utilizing Cut Amorphous Magnetic Material (2015)

Amorphous magnetic materials (AMMs) have been used in low-frequency power transformer applications for more than two decades but not commercially utilized in high-frequency rotating electrical machines despite their low iron losses, which is an order of magnitude lower than conventional silicon iron. This was primarily due to the lack of a suitable handling method and an economical cutting technique. This paper reports a novel brushless synchronous permanent magnet rotating electrical machine that combines the benefits of the previous machine topologies while offering higher torque (due to the larger air-gap surface area compared with the flat axial-field machine) and ease of manufacturing from AMM material, which is suitable for a range of high-efficiency, high-power density, and high-speed machine applications. This paper provides the details and the performance characteristics of this novel tapered-field AMM machine as a generator at high speeds using a bonded rotor magnet topology.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing - A New Way of Listening to Your Well/Reservoir (2012)

Abstract There is a new generation of in-well monitoring technologies that are being characterized under the Acoustic Energy sensing banner. Some are essentially disturbance or vibration event monitoring techniques but this paper describes a Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology [1]. The subject sensing system uniquely allows the user to listen to the acoustic field at every point along many kilometers of fiber optic cable deployed in the well. With a spatial resolution of 1 meter, for example, there will be 10,000 synchronized sensors along a 10,000 meter fiber. The system uses a novel digital optical detection technique to precisely capture the true full acoustic field (amplitude, frequency and phase over a wide dynamic range) at every point simultaneously. A number of signal processing techniques have been developed to process a large array of acoustic signals to quantify the coherent temporal and spatial characteristics of the acoustic waves. Potential in-well monitoring applications have been identified, and significant benefits are predicted for optimizing and maximizing production in many types of oil and gas fields by facilitating informed decisions. The system can be retrofitted to existing installations of permanent in-well fiber optics based monitoring systems with the addition of surface instrumentation. New installations are also planned. The paper also describes the background technology with focus on full reconstruction of the acoustic signal along the well bore, sensing system capabilities and the results of field trial surveys, with first generation instrumentation in seven offshore Norwegian Continental Shelf wells. These seven offshore wells already contained in-well fiber optics sensing systems, and comprised of two water injectors, one gas injector, three producers with gas lift valves, and one high rate Gas Oil Ratio producer. Installed sensing included Bragg grating based Pressure and Temperature gauges and fiber based flow meters. DAS measurements were recorded on fibers with both types of sensors installed on the same fibers. An acoustic signal for flowing wells was obtained in all cases and for most of the wells it was possible to also extract qualitative information on the flow regime, speed of sound and an estimate for flow velocity in at least parts of the wells.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of 1,2‐Dihydro‐1,2‐Azaborine (2011)

Could go either way: the addition of nucleophiles to the parent 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine and subsequent quenching with an electrophile generates novel substituted 1,2-azaborine derivatives. Mechanistic studies are consistent with two distinct nucleophilic aromatic substitution pathways depending on the nature of the nucleophile.
Experimental Investigation and Evaluation of a Low NOx Natural Gas-Fired Mesh Duct Burner (2007)

To increase the thermal output of a micro-turbine powered CHP system, a low NOx natural gas-fired, mesh duct burner was designed built and tested. The gas-fired burner was installed in the exhaust duct of a recuperated micro-turbine of a micro-cogeneration unit. The full-scale experimental burner was integrated with an Ingersol-Rand 70 kW micro-turbine system for the evaluation. Three wire-mesh burners with different pressure drops were used. Each burner has a conical shape made from FeCrAL alloy mat (NIT100S by ACOTECH) and their design based on a heat release per unit area of 2500 kW/m2 and a total heat release of 240 kW at 100% excess air. The local momentum of the gaseous mixture introduced through the wire-mesh was adjusted so that the flame stabilized outside the burner mesh (surface combustion). Performance of the duct burner was tested and the effect of excess air and firing rate on the stable burning zones, and emissions (NOx, CO) were measured. The range of thermal inputs at which surface combustion was maintained for the duct burner was defined by direct observation of the burner surface and monitoring of the temperature in the combustion zone. Stable combustion with low emission of pollutants was achieved at atmospheric pressure for a firing rate range of 175 to 310 kW. The total system (micro-turbine and duct burner) was shown to produce less than 5 ppm NOx for the conditions tested.
Instantaneous clockless data recovery and demultiplexing (2005)

An alternative architecture for instantaneous data recovery for burst-mode communication is introduced. The architecture can perform 1:n demultiplexing without additional clock recovery phase-locked loop or sampling blocks. A finite-state machine (FSM) is formed with combinational logic and analog LC transmission line delay cells in a feedback loop. The FSM responds to input data transitions instantaneously and sets the outputs. The system reduces unit interval jitter by a factor of n. The new architecture is demonstrated via a SiGe 1:2 clockless demultiplexer circuit that operates at 7.5 Gb/s.
Spectroscopic Evaluation of a White Light Phosphor for UV-LEDs—Ca[sub 2]NaMg[sub 2]V[sub 3]O[sub 12]:Eu[sup 3+] (2005)

The luminescence of the vanadate garnet, , activated with trivalent europium is evaluated and discussed as a potential ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) phosphor. This single phosphor is capable of converting the ultraviolet emission of a UV-LED into white light with good luminosity and color-rendering index. We have evaluated the luminescence of this material at elevated temperatures, because the junction temperatures of typical LEDs can be greater than . There is significant thermal quenching of this phosphor and emission color shift at . This is attributed to energy migration and transfer to nonradiative traps and within the host lattice. These implications on the use of this phosphor in UV-LED based light sources is also discussed.
Surface Plasmon Coupled Fluorescence in the Visible to Near-Infrared Spectral Regions using Thin Nickel Films: Application to Whole Blood Assays (2009)

Nickel thin films thermally evaporated onto glass supports are used to demonstrate surface plasmon coupled fluorescence (SPCF) over a broad 400 nm wavelength range (400-800 nm) for potential assays that can be run in buffer and/or whole blood. In contrast to traditional fluorescence-based assays, SPCF converts otherwise isotropic emission into highly directional and polarized emission, an attractive concept for surface assays. Theoretical Fresnel calculations performed in the ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral range (344-1240 nm) predict the near-field generation of surface plasmons in 15 and 20 nm nickel thin films. The angles of minimum reflectivity for nickel thin films with 10 nm SiO(x) and 30 nm polymer overcoats over the 428-827 nm wavelength range occur over a 10 degree range. To experimentally corroborate the theoretical calculations, a polymeric solution of five different fluorophores, POPOP (lambda(max, emission) = 428 nm), FITC (517 nm), S101 (600 nm), Zn PhCy (710 nm), and IR 780 (814 nm), were spin coated separately onto 15 and 20 nm nickel thin films. SPCF intensity (s- and p-polarized) from fluorophores at the corresponding emission lambda(max) was measured at angles between 0-90 degrees. In addition, the free-space emission and SPCF intensity of FITC on 20 nm nickel thin film were also measured to demonstrate the angular-dependent nature of SPCF. SPCF from nickel thin films was p-polarized and highly directional with lambda(max) confirmed at an angle of 65 degrees for all the fluorophores as predicted by Fresnel calculations. The utility of nickel thin films for whole blood bioassays is demonstrated with a long-wavelength fluorophore, where the SPCF intensity of Zn PhCy (50 pM-50 microM) in whole blood at 710 nm was measured at 65 degrees. Using Fresnel calculations it is also predicted that the evanescent field above the nickel films penetrates deeper into solution than for other metals used to date for SPCF, an attractive notion in SPCF-based biosensing applications.
Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction (2019)

Among patients with a recent myocardial infarction, colchicine at a dose of 0.5 mg daily led to a significantly lower risk of ischemic cardiovascular events than placebo. (Funded by the Government of Quebec and others; COLCOT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02551094.).
A dynamic programming approach to audio segmentation and speech/music discrimination (2004)

We consider the problem of segmenting an audio signal into characteristic regions based on feature-set similarities. In the proposed approach, a feature-space representation of the signal is generated; sequences of these feature-space samples are then aggregated into clusters corresponding to distinct signal regions. The algorithm consists of using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to condition the feature space and dynamic programming (DP) to identify data clusters. We consider the design of the dynamic program cost functions; we are able to derive effective cost functions without relying on significant prior information about the structure of the expected data clusters. We demonstrate the application of the LDA-DP segmentation algorithm to speech/music discrimination. Experimental results are given and discussed.
Steerable differential beamformers with planar microphone arrays (2020)

Abstract Humanoid robots require to use microphone arrays to acquire speech signals from the human communication partner while suppressing noise, reverberation, and interferences. Unlike many other applications, microphone arrays in humanoid robots have to face the restrictions in size and geometry. To address these challenges, this paper presents an approach to differential beamforming with arbitrary planar array geometries. The major contributions of this work are as follows: (1) a method is presented to design differential beamformers, which works for regular geometries such as linear, circular, and concentric circular ones, as well as irregular geometries, as long as the sensors’ positions are given or can be measured; (2) fundamental requirements for the design of different orders of linear differential microphone arrays (DMAs), partially steerable DMAs, fully steerable DMAs, and robust DMAs are discussed; (3) the validity and limitations of the Jacobi-Anger expansion approximation is analyzed, where we discuss how to achieve an optimal approximation by properly choosing the reference point; and (4) we show how to design an N th-order DMA with 2 N microphones using the Jacobi-Anger expansion.
Trans-10, Trans-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Does Not Affect Milk Fat Yield but Reduces Δ9-Desaturase Index in Dairy Cows (2006)

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis, and the magnitude of milk fat depression is often correlated with the fat content of this isomer. However, the trans-10, cis-12 CLA content does not always correspond to the extent of milk fat depression, and in some instances, an increase in the milk fat content of trans-10, trans-12 CLA has been observed. We synthesized trans-10, trans-12 CLA (>90% purity) and investigated its effect on milk fat synthesis and incorporation into plasma lipids. Three rumen-fistulated Holstein cows were randomly assigned in a 3 x 3 Latin square experiment. Treatments were a 4-d abomasal infusion of 1) ethanol (control), 2) a trans-10, cis-12 CLA supplement (positive control), and 3) a trans-10, trans-12 CLA supplement; 5 g/d of the CLA isomer of interest was provided. Milk yield, dry matter intake, and milk protein were unaffected by treatment. Treatment with trans-10, trans-12 CLA had no effect on milk fat yield, whereas treatment with trans-10, cis-12 CLA reduced milk fat yield by 28%. Incorporation of CLA was greatest for the plasma triglyceride fraction, and the milk fat content was subsequently elevated within the respective treatment groups. The milk fatty acid composition indicated that delta9-desaturase was reduced significantly for both CLA treatments, but the reduction was greater for the treatment with trans-10, trans-12 CLA. Overall, abomasal infusion of trans-10, trans-12 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA altered the desaturase ratios, but only trans-10, cis-12 CLA reduced milk fat synthesis.
Clause restructuring for statistical machine translation (2005)

We describe a method for incorporating syntactic information in statistical machine translation systems. The first step of the method is to parse the source language string that is being translated. The second step is to apply a series of transformations to the parse tree, effectively reordering the surface string on the source language side of the translation system. The goal of this step is to recover an underlying word order that is closer to the target language word-order than the original string. The reordering approach is applied as a pre-processing step in both the training and decoding phases of a phrase-based statistical MT system. We describe experiments on translation from German to English, showing an improvement from 25.2% Bleu score for a baseline system to 26.8% Bleu score for the system with reordering, a statistically significant improvement.
The Arabidopsis Abscisic Acid Response Locus <i>ABI4</i> Encodes an APETALA2 Domain Protein (1998)

Arabidopsis abscisic acid (ABA)-insensitive abi4 mutants have pleiotropic defects in seed development, including decreased sensitivity to ABA inhibition of germination and altered seed-specific gene expression. This phenotype is consistent with a role for ABI4 in regulating seed responses to ABA and/or seed-specific signals. We isolated the ABI4 gene by positional cloning and confirmed its identity by complementation analysis. The predicted protein product shows homology to a plant-specific family of transcriptional regulators characterized by a conserved DNA binding domain, the APETALA 2 domain. The single mutant allele identified has a single base pair deletion, resulting in a frameshift that should disrupt the C-terminal half of the protein but leave the presumed DNA binding domain intact. Expression analyses showed that despite the seed-specific nature of the mutant phenotype, ABI4 expression is not seed specific.
Multi-focus microscopy for fast and ultrasensitive three-dimensional imaging in live cells (2012)

A major challenge in imaging lies in fast 3D data acquisition. We present here a multifocus microscopy where nine Z planes are imaged in parallel. Its benefits are illustrated using fast single molecules 3D tracking in cells and super-resolution 3D imaging.
Using<i>d–q</i>Transformation to Vary the Switching Frequency for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Systems (2015)

The switching frequency is one of the most important control parameters of the dc/ac inverter. In most motor drives for transportation, it is set as a constant value at some specific torque or speed. The variable switching frequency pulse width modulation (VSFPWM), which changes the switching frequency cycle to cycle based on a current ripple prediction method, has been proposed in previous literatures and realized in resistance- inductance (RL) loads and induction motors (IMs). It proves effective to increase the overall system efficiency and improve electromagnetic interference (EMI) performance. However, the previous current ripple prediction method encounters difficulty in dealing with more complex motors, e.g., interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors, which is widely used in electric vehicles. As a result, the benefits of VSFPWM cannot be fully utilized for IPM drive systems. This paper proposed a new current ripple prediction method using the d-q transformation instead of the conventional Thevenin equivalent circuit method and successfully implemented VSFPWM to IPM drives. Simulation and experiments on a 400-V IPM test bench validated the effectiveness of the method, which will vary the switching frequency from cycle to cycle in order to 1) restrain the three-phase current ripples; 2) increase the overall system efficiency; and 3) enhance the system electromagnetic capability (EMC).