gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PexLoc—Parallel excitation using local encoding magnetic fields with nonlinear and nonbijective spatial profiles (2012)

With the recent proposal of using magnetic fields that are nonlinear by design for spatial encoding, new flexibility has been introduced to MR imaging. The new degrees of freedom in shaping the spatially encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) can be used to locally adapt the imaging resolution to features of the imaged object, e.g., anatomical structures, to reduce peripheral nerve stimulation during in vivo experiments or to increase the gradient switching speed by reducing the inductance of the coils producing the SEMs and thus accelerate the imaging process. In this work, the potential of nonlinear and nonbijective SEMs for spatial encoding during transmission in multidimensional spatially selective excitation is explored. Methods for multidimensional spatially selective excitation radiofrequency pulse design based on nonlinear encoding fields are introduced, and it is shown how encoding ambiguities can be resolved using parallel transmission. In simulations and phantom experiments, the feasibility of selective excitation using nonlinear, nonbijective SEMs is demonstrated, and it is shown that the spatial resolution with which the target distribution of the transverse magnetization can be realized varies locally. Thus, the resolution of the target pattern can be increased in some regions compared with conventional linear encoding. Furthermore, experimental proof of principle of accelerated two-dimensional spatially selective excitation using nonlinear SEMs is provided in this study.
Tailoring device settings in cardiac resynchronization therapy using electrograms from pacing electrodes (2017)

In this acute study, it is shown that the EGMV QRSampl can be used to determine optimal and individual CRT-device settings for LV fusion pacing, possibly improving long-term CRT response.
Use of passive hearing protectors and adaptive noise reduction for field recording of otoacoustic emissions in industrial noise (2013)

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) can detect noise-induced hearing loss in-field, but their data extraction is very sensitive to background noise. This paper investigates how passive and active noise reduction enhance DPOAE recording based on data collected in white noise from 54dB(A) to 90dB(A). Despite considerable high-frequency attenuation from a proper placed DPOAE probe, 54dB(A) background noise deteriorates the test outcome substantially. More low-frequency attenuation by an extra passive earmuff enables measurements in white noise levels of 70dB(A). The relationship between external sound level and noise recorded by the DPOAE system has been statistically modeled. Additionally, the upper limits of attenuation improvement are analyzed by quantifying residual physiological noise. Furthermore, for an earplug integrating microphone and speakers of the DPOAE measurement probe, adaptive noise reduction processing on the DPOAE signal is used to improve the Signal-to-Noise ratio. The adaptive noise reduction (ANR) is implemented using the NLMS algorithm to filter out the ambiant noise, measured by the first microphone measuring the DPOAE signal, with a second miniature microphone mounted flush with the external faceplate of the isolating DPOAE probe. Simulated data shows that DPOAE response extraction is possible in an environment with noise levels exceeding 70dB(A).
Titanocene–Gold Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Inhibit Growth of Prostate, Renal, and Colon Cancers in Vitro (2016)

We report on the synthesis, characterization, and stability studies of new titanocene complexes containing a methyl group and a carboxylate ligand (mba = -OC(O)-<i>p</i>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-S-) bound to gold(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene fragments through the thiolate group: [(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>TiMe(μ-mba)Au(NHC)]. The cytotoxicities of the heterometallic compounds along with those of novel monometallic gold-N-heterocyclic carbene precursors [(NHC)Au(mbaH)] have been evaluated against renal, prostate, colon, and breast cancer cell lines. The highest activity and selectivity and a synergistic effect of the resulting heterometallic species was found for the prostate and colon cancer cell lines. The colocalization of both titanium and gold metals (1:1 ratio) in PC3 prostate cancer cells was demonstrated for the selected compound <b>5a</b>, indicating the robustness of the heterometallic compound in vitro. We describe here preliminary mechanistic data involving studies on the interaction of selected mono- and bimetallic compounds with plasmid (pBR322) used as a model nucleic acid and the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase in PC3 prostate cancer cells. The heterometallic compounds, which are highly apoptotic, exhibit strong antimigratory effects on the prostate cancer cell line PC3.
The influence of collisional cooling on boundary‐activated decomposition in an ion‐trap mass spectrometer (1993)

Abstract When the working point of a precursor ion confined within a quadrupole ion trap is moved to the vicinity of a boundary of the stability diagram, fragmentation of the precursor ion can be induced by virtue of energy gained from the radio‐frequency trapping field. This behaviour is known as the ‘border effect’. When the isolated precursor ion is subjected to a cooling period of variable duration, in the presence of helium buffer gas and prior to experiencing the ‘border effect’, a high degree of control of the fragmentation pattern is achieved. The cooling period causes decreases in both ion kinetic energy and ion axial excursions. From this preliminary study, it is suggested that the deposition of internal energy during the ‘border effect’ can be varied by changing the duration of the cooling period. In addition to a degree of control of internal energy deposition, the amount of energy which can be deposited in this manner, though unknown, appears to exceed those energy levels achievable with resonance excitation and the ‘border effect’ without collisional cooling, in that an additional fragmentation channel is accessed.
From documents to tasks (2010)

A typical knowledge worker is involved in multiple tasks and switches frequently between them every work day. These frequent switches become expensive because each task switch requires some recovery time as well as the reconstitution of task context. First task management support systems have been proposed in recent years in order to assist the user during these switches. However, these systems still need a fairly big amount of investment from the user side in order to either learn to use or train such a system. In order to reduce the necessary amount of training, this paper proposes a new approach for automatically estimating a user's tasks from document interactions in an unsupervised manner. While most previous approaches to task detection look at the content of documents or window titles, which might raise confidentiality and privacy issues, our approach only requires document identifiers and the temporal switch history between them as input. Our prototype system monitors a user's desktop activities and logs documents that have focus on the user's desktop by attributing a unique identifier to each of these documents. Retrieved documents are filtered by their dwell times and a document similarity matrix is estimated based on document frequencies and switches. A spectral clustering algorithm then groups documents into tasks using the derived similarity matrix. The described prototype system has been evaluated on user data of 29 days from 10 different subjects in a corporation. Obtained results indicate that the approach is better than previous approaches that use content.
All-optical repeater (1986)

An all-optical device containing saturable gain, saturable loss, and unsaturable loss is shown to transform weak, distorted optical pulses into uniform standard-shape pulses. The proposed device performs thresholding, amplification, and pulse shaping as required from an optical repeater. It is shown that such a device could be realized by existing semiconductor technology.
Modeling and characterization of a carbon fiber emitter for electrospray ionization (2006)

A novel microscale emitter employing a pointed carbon fiber (CF) can be used for electrospraying in mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. The carbon fiber is located coaxial with a fused silica capillary tube of 360 µ mO D and 75 µm ID with its sharp tip extending 30 µm beyond the tube terminus. The electrospray ionization (ESI) process is simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on the Taylor–Melcher leaky-dielectric fluid model for solving the electrohydrodynamics and the volume of fluid (VOF) approach for tracking the liquid–gas interface. The CFD code is first validated for a conventional geometry and then used to simulate the CF emitter based ESI model. The simulated current–flow and current–voltage results are in good agreement with experimental results for the CF emitter. The effects of emitter geometry, potential difference, flow rate and the physical properties of the liquid on the electrospray behavior of the CF emitter are thoroughly investigated. The spray current and jet diameter are correlated with the flow rate, potential difference and physical properties of the liquid and the correlation results are quantitatively compared with the results reported in the literature. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Overproduction, Purification, and Diagnostic Use of the Recombinant HIV‐1 Gag Proteins, the Precursor Protein p55 and the Processed Products p17, p24, and p15 (1995)

HIV-1 Gag protein precursor p55, and its processed products, p17, p24, and p15 were overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity. To study the antigenic properties and the potentiality as the diagnostic and prognostic reagents, varying amounts of the purified Gag proteins were dotted onto the polyvinylidene difluoride membrane and reacted with 40 sera of HIV-1-infected individuals (35 AC, 1 ARC, and 4 AIDS patients) and 10 sera of normal healthy donors. p55 reacted with 40 (100%) sera of HIV-1 carriers, while p17, p24, and p15 reacted with 37 (92.5%), 35 (87.5%) and 34 (85%) of the 40 sera of HIV-1 carriers, respectively. On the whole, the reaction of p55 was especially strong and that of p15 was the weakest. p55 showed the strongest reaction among the four Gag proteins with all specimens, and it showed a positive reaction with a carrier serum with which none of the processed Gag proteins showed a positive reaction. Therefore, p55 is the most useful antigen among the four Gag proteins for detection of the Gag antibodies and may even be one of the most useful antigens for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.
A Multimode Shuffled Iterative Decoder Architecture for High-Rate RS-LDPC Codes (2010)

For an efficient multimode low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder, most hardware resources, such as permutators, should be shared among different modes. Although an LDPC code constructed based on a Reed-Solomon (RS) code with two information symbols is not quasi-cyclic, in this paper, we reveal that the structural properties inherent in its parity-check matrix can be adopted in the design of configurable permutators. A partially parallel architecture combined with the proposed permutators is used to mitigate the increase in implementation complexity for the multimode function. The high check-node degree of a high-rate RS-LDPC code leads to challenges in the efficient implementation of a high-throughput decoder. To overcome this difficulty, the variable nodes have been partitioned into several groups, and each group is processed sequentially in order to shorten the critical-path delay and hence increase the maximum operating frequency. In addition, shuffled message-passing decoding is adopted, since fewer iterations can be used to achieve the desired bit-error-rate performance. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed flexible-permutator-based architecture, one single-mode rate-0.84 decoder and two multimode decoders whose code rates range between 0.79 and 0.93 have been implemented. These decoders can achieve multigigabit-per-second throughput. Using the proposed architecture to support lower rate RS-LDPC codes, e.g., rate-0.568 code, is also investigated.
Improving Program Efficiency by Packing Instructions into Registers (2005)

New processors, both embedded and general purpose, often have conflicting design requirements involving space, power, and performance. Architectural features and compiler optimizations often target one or more design goals at the expense of the others. This paper presents a novel architectural and compiler approach to simultaneously reduce power requirements, decrease code size, and improve performance by integrating an instruction register file (IRF) into the architecture. Frequently occurring instructions are placed in the IRF. Multiple entries in the IRF can be referenced by a single packed instruction in ROM or L1 instruction cache. Unlike conventional code compression, our approach allows the frequent instructions to be referenced in arbitrary combinations. The experimental results show significant improvements in space and power, as well as some improvement in execution time when using only 32 entries. These advantages make packing instructions into registers an effective approach for improving overall efficiency.
Tissue-specific and hormonally controlled alternative promoters regulate aromatase cytochrome P450 gene expression in human adipose tissue. (1993)

Estrogen biosynthesis is catalyzed by a microsomal enzyme, aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom; the product of the CYP19 gene). The human CYP19 gene comprises nine coding exons, II-X. Additionally, tissue-specific expression is determined by the use of tissue-specific promoters, which give rise to P450arom transcripts with unique 5'-noncoding sequences. In placenta, P450arom transcripts contain one of two 5'-untranslated exons, I.1 or I.2, while ovarian transcripts instead contain sequence consistent with the use of a promoter, PII, which is proximal to the start of translation. To characterize transcripts present in adipose tissue and adipose stromal cells (ASC) in culture, cDNA libraries were constructed by the RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) procedure. Four P450arom transcripts with unique 5' termini were identified, leading to the characterization of two unique 5'-untranslated exons of the CYP19 gene, I.3 and I.4. Whereas I.3-specific sequence is expressed in adipose tissue as well as in ACS maintained under all culture conditions, I.4-specific sequence is apparently present only in breast adipose tissue, and ACS stimulated with glucocorticoids. On the other hand, PII-specific sequence is present only in cells stimulated with cAMP analogues and is absent from cells stimulated with glucocorticoids. We conclude that CYP19 gene expression in human adipose tissue likely utilizes two novel promoters and, furthermore, that alternative promoter usage in cultured ASC is a function of the hormonal environment in which the cells are maintained.
Performance of the holographic multivergence target in the subjective measurement of spherical refractive error and amplitude of accommodation of the human eye (2007)

We recently suggested the use of a holographic multivergence target to measure the spherical refractive error and the amplitude of accommodation of the human eye [K. V. Avudainayagam and C. S. Avudainayagam, Opt. Lett.28, 123 (2003)]. In this paper we report the performance of the holographic target in measuring real eyes. The holographic technique compared well with subjective refraction and autorefraction in the measurement of spherical refractive error. The performance of the holographic technique in measuring the amplitude of accommodation was similar to that of the minus lens to blur method and that of the push-up method. These results promote holography as a promising technique for testing human vision.
Automated Discovery of Real-Time Network Camera Data From Heterogeneous Web Pages (2021)

Reduction in the cost of Network Cameras along with a rise in connectivity enables entities all around the world to deploy vast arrays of camera networks. Network cameras offer real-time visual data that can be used for studying traffic patterns, emergency response, security, and other applications. Although many sources of Network Camera data are available, collecting the data remains difficult due to variations in programming interface and website structures. Previous solutions rely on manually parsing the target website, taking many hours to complete. We create a general and automated solution for aggregating Network Camera data spread across thousands of uniquely structured web pages. We analyze heterogeneous web page structures and identify common characteristics among 73 sample Network Camera websites (each website has multiple web pages). These characteristics are then used to build an automated camera discovery module that crawls and aggregates Network Camera data. Our system successfully extracts 57,364 Network Cameras from 237,257 unique web pages.
A 64-bit decimal floating-point adder (2004)

Due to rapid growth in financial, commercial, and Internet-based applications, there is an increasing desire to allow computers to operate on both binary and decimal floating-point numbers. Consequently, specifications for decimal floating-point support are being added to the IEEE-754 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a decimal floating-point adder that is compliant with the current draft revision of this standard. The adder supports operations on 64-bit (16-digit) decimal floating-point operands. We provide synthesis results indicating the estimated area and delay for our design when it is pipelined to various depths.
Fluorescein-Labeled β-Lactamase Mutant for High-Throughput Screening of Bacterial β-Lactamases against β-Lactam Antibiotics (2005)

The increasing emergence of new bacterial beta-lactamases that can efficiently hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics to clinically inactive carboxylic acids has created an intractable problem in the treatment of bacterial infections, and it is highly desirable to develop a useful tool that can rapidly screen bacteria for beta-lactamases against a variety of antibiotic candidates in a high-throughput manner. This paper describes the use of a fluorescein-labeled beta-lactamase mutant (E166Cf) as a convenient fluorescent tool to screen beta-lactamases, including the Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase I (PenPC), B. cereus beta-lactamase II, Bacillus licheniformis PenP, Escherichia coli TEM-1, and Enterobacter cloacae P99 against various beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, moxalactam, cephaloridine), using a 96-well microplate reader. The E166Cf mutant was constructed by replacing Glu166 on the flexible Omega-loop, which is close to the enzyme's active site, with a cysteine residue on a class A beta-lactamase (B. cereus PenPC) and subsequently labeling the mutant with thiol-reactive fluorescein-5-maleimide. Such modifications significantly impaired the hydrolytic activity of the E166Cf mutant compared to that of the wild-type enzyme. The fluorescence intensity of the E166Cf mutant increases in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. For antibiotics that are resistant to hydrolysis by the E166Cf mutant (cefuroxime, cefoxitin, moxalactam), the fluorescence signal slowly increases until it reaches a plateau. For antibiotics that can be slowly hydrolyzed by the E166Cf mutant (penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin), the fluorescence signal rapidly increases to the plateau and then declines after a prolonged incubation. The E166Cf mutant retains its characteristic pattern of fluorescence signals in the presence of both bacterial beta-lactamases and beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics. In contrast, in the presence of both bacterial beta-lactamases and beta-lactamase-sensitive antibiotics, the fluorescence signals of the E166Cf mutant were decreased. The fluorescence signals from the E166Cf mutant allow an unambiguous differentiation of beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotics from beta-lactamase-sensitive ones in the screening of bacterial beta-lactamases against a panel of antibiotic candidates. This simple method may provide an alternative tool in choosing potent beta-lactam antibiotics for treatment of bacterial infections.
Synchronously-Driven Microresonator Solitons and Application in Astronomy (2018)

Synchronous-driving of nonlinear optical microresonator offers robust, deterministic and ultra- efficient generation of ultra-short temporal soliton pulses as well as high-repetition rate frequency combs. The soliton pulses are all-optically controlled and provide resolvable lines for astronomical spectrometer calibration or optical telecommunications.
Human Streptococcus agalactiae strains in aquatic mammals and fish (2013)

The apparent association of the four subpopulations of S. agalactiae with specific groups of host species suggests that some strains of aquatic S. agalactiae may present a zoonotic or anthroponotic hazard. Furthermore, it provides a rational framework for exploration of pathogenesis and host-associated genome content of S. agalactiae strains.
Shale Anisotropy Characterization in Heterogeneous Formations Using Multipole Sonic Data (2014)

Heterogeneity is a common phenomenon that needs to be taken into account when characterizing the elastic anisotropic properties of formations. This can be done successfully through a methodology involving careful binning of the velocity data on the basis of independent, petrophysical information, followed by an inversion process that is carried out on each bin individually. The resulting table of anisotropic parameters per bin can then be used to derive, among other results, correlations between formation petrophysical and anisotropic properties. A workflow was successfully applied to determine the elastic, transversely isotropic properties of heterogeneous sand-shale sequences. The results of the methodology have significant practical implications. One of these is that synthetics based on the anisotropy-corrected deviated well logs yield stronger and more apparent reflections, as well as a significantly different time-depth relation. Additional applications include the use of the inversion workflow results as inputs into anisotropic seismic velocity models and AVOs.
Superconducting magnetometer (1990)

A novel method for measurement of magnetic field, based upon magnetically modulated resistance in superconductors, is described and demonstrated with microwave absorption data in a Bi0.9Pb0.1SrCaCu2Ox sample. The method can be implemented as a vector magnetometer and, with suitable superconductors, could provide absolute magnetic field measurements.
The photothermophone, a device for absolute calibration of photoacoustic spectrometers (1977)

A new device for the absolute calibration of cells for photoacoustic spectroscopy is described. Experimental results for a particular cell are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on ZnBr<sub>2</sub>‐Mediated Synthesis of Axially Chiral Aryl‐Substituted Allenes from Terminal Alkynes, Aromatic Aldehydes and (S)‐α,α‐Diphenylprolinol. (2014)

Abstract Condensation of terminal alkynes and aldehydes, promoted by ZnBr 2 and equimolar amounts of (S)‐diphenylprolinol, gives axially chiral 1,3‐disubstituted allenes with excellent enantioselectivity.
A solid state transformer (1980)

This paper describes a solid state step up/down transformer system which also provides AC output voltage regulation. It uses PWM AC power switching to achieve high efficiences and uses no large inductive components. Its performance has been verified by extensive computer simulation of the entire system and breadboard testing of several of the key circuits.