gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanogel antigen delivery system for adjuvant-free intranasal vaccines (46.16) (2010)

Abstract Nanotechnology is an innovative method of freely controlling nanometer-sized materials. The recent outbreak of mucosal infectious diseases have increased the demands for development of mucosal vaccines because they induce antigen-specific both mucosal and systemic immune responses. However because of lacking the effective antigen delivery system to aero-digestive mucosa, co-administration of mucosal adjuvant mediating protective but also undesired immunity is continuously needed. Here we developed a novel intranasal vaccine-delivery system with a nanometer-sized hydrogel (“nanogel”) consisting of a cationic type of cholesteryl group-bearing pullulan (cCHP). A nontoxic subunit fragment of Clostridium botulinum type-A neurotoxin BoHc/A administered intranasally with cCHP nanogel (cCHP-BoHc/A) continuously adhered to the nasal epithelium and was effectively taken up by mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) after its release from the cCHP nanogel. Vigorous botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A)-neutralizing serum IgG and secretory IgA antibody responses were induced without co-administration of mucosal adjuvant. Importantly, intranasally administered cCHP-BoHc/A did not accumulate in the olfactory bulbs or brain. Moreover, intranasally immunized tetanus toxoid (TT) with cCHP nanogel induced strong TT-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. These results indicate that cCHP nanogel can be used as a universal protein-based antigen-delivery vehicle for adjuvant-free intranasal vaccination.
Vacuum deposition of non-protein materials for use in antibody detection assays (1990)

An apparatus and method for detecting antibodies specific to non-protein antigens. The apparatus is an immunological plate containing a plurality of plastic projections coated with a non-protein material. Assays utilizing the plate are capable of stabilizing the non-protein antigens with detection levels for antibodies specific to the antigens on a nanogram level. A screening assay with the apparatus allows for early detection of exposure to non-protein materials. 10 figs.
Chemical Oxidation of Porous Silicon in Alcohol-Lye Solutions (2015)

Porous silicon membranes formed by anodization and electrochemical detachment from the parent wafers are rapidly oxidized at room temperature by immersion in lye solutions comprising methanol and sodium hydroxide (< 0.1 M). Coverage of the silicon skeleton by an oxide, the thickness of which depends on immersion time, lye concentration and alcoholic ratio, is evinced by reductions in surface area, pore volume and size, together with a color change and a susceptibility to etching in dilute hydrofluoric acid. High-porosity membranes can be almost completely converted to white mesoporous silica after immersion times of only a few minutes. Controlled oxidation and hydrofluoric acid etching is used to significantly enlarge the pores.
Frequency of concurrent gene mutations and copy number alterations in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from refractory metastatic CRC patients. (2014)

11117 Background: cfDNA allows non-invasive assessment of gene mutations, but has not been reported with copy number alterations. Methodologies to integrate mutation and copy number would allow improved insights into mechanisms of resistance and therapeutic opportunities. Methods: cfDNA extracted from metastatic CRC patient (pt) plasma samples were analyzed by GUARDANT sequencing technology for mutation and amplification of 54 genes. The lower limit of detection was 0.1% mutant alleles in a wild-type background. All patients were enrolled in the ATTACC program for mCRC patients who progressed on standard treatment, and had sequencing of the primary tumor performed for a 46-gene panel. Results: 71 pt plasma samples were analyzed. All pts were refractory to 5-FU-based therapy, with 49 pts previously treated with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In patients treated with EGFR mAbs, 30% of pts (n=15) had detection of KRAS mutations not detectable in the primary tumor, compared to 5% (n=1) of pts without EGFR mAb treatment (odds ratio 8.6, P=0.027). In 6 of the 15 cases, newly detectable KRAS mutations were associated with KRAS gene amplification, compared to 0 of 16 cases with KRAS mutations detected in the primary tumor (P=0.007). 7 ectodomain mutations in EGFR that may alter binding affinity of EGFR mAbs were detected in EGFR mAb treated patients, including S492R (n=4) and three previously unreported mutations G465V, I491R, K467I; concurrent EGFR amplifications were present in 6 of the 7 cases. 14% of EGFR mAbs treated patients developed detectable MET amplifications, which co-existed with KRAS or EGFR mutations in 4 of the 7 cases. Amplifications in EGFR, BRAF, MYC, and SMO were detected in the plasma in 23%, 11%, 11%, and 4% of cases, respectively, representing rates higher than reported in untreated primary tumors. Conclusions: Advances in sequencing and bioinformatics allow detection of copy number alternations from cfDNA in plasma. Copy number alterations in treatment refractory mCRC are more common than previously described, and frequently co-exist with mutations after EGFR mAb treatment.
Motion‐robust reconstruction of multishot diffusion‐weighted images without phase estimation through locally low‐rank regularization (2018)

We introduced the shot-locally low-rank method, a reconstruction technique for multishot diffusion-weighted MRI without explicit phase estimation. In addition, its motion robustness can be beneficial to neuroimaging and body imaging.
Centrifugal Adsorption Cartridge System (2004)

The centrifugal adsorption cartridge system (CACS) is an apparatus that recovers one or more bioproduct(s) from a dilute aqueous solution or suspension flowing from a bioreactor. The CACS can be used both on Earth in unit gravity and in space in low gravity. The CACS can be connected downstream from the bioreactor; alternatively, it can be connected into a flow loop that includes the bioreactor so that the liquid can be recycled. A centrifugal adsorption cartridge in the CACS (see figure) includes two concentric cylinders with a spiral ramp between them. The volume between the inner and outer cylinders, and between the turns of the spiral ramp is packed with an adsorbent material. The inner cylinder is a sieve tube covered with a gas-permeable, hydrophobic membrane. During operation, the liquid effluent from the bioreactor is introduced at one end of the spiral ramp, which then constrains the liquid to flow along the spiral path through the adsorbent material. The spiral ramp also makes the flow more nearly uniform than it would otherwise be, and it minimizes any channeling other than that of the spiral flow itself. The adsorbent material is formulated to selectively capture the bioproduct(s) of interest. The bioproduct(s) can then be stored in bound form in the cartridge or else eluted from the cartridge. The centrifugal effect of the spiral flow is utilized to remove gas bubbles from the liquid. The centrifugal effect forces the bubbles radially inward, toward and through the membrane of the inner cylinder. The gas-permeable, hydrophobic membrane allows the bubbles to enter the inner cylinder while keeping the liquid out. The bubbles that thus enter the cylinder are vented to the atmosphere. The spacing between the ramps determines rate of flow along the spiral, and thereby affects the air-bubble-removal efficiency. The spacing between the ramps also determines the length of the fluid path through the cartridge adsorbent, and thus affects the bioproduct-capture efficiency of the cartridge. Depending on the application, several cartridges could be connected in a serial or parallel flow arrangement. A parallel arrangement can be used to increase product-capturing and flow capacities while maintaining a low pressure drop. A serial arrangement can be used to obtain high product-capturing capacity; alternatively, series-connected cartridges can be packed with different adsorbents to capture different bioproducts simultaneously.
New Synthetic Thrombin Inhibitors: Molecular Design and Experimental Verification (2011)

The high efficacy, stability and low acute toxicity reveal that the inhibitors that were developed may be promising for potential medical applications.
Herstellung und antivirale Wirksamkeit von Polyacrylsäure und Polymethacrylsäure (1977)

Abstract The antiviral activity of a number of fractions of poly(acrylic acid)s and poly(methacrylic acid)s with different tacticities, different molecular weights and molecular weight distributions has been investigated. Isotactic poly(acrylic acid)s are essentially more antiviral active in the whole area of efficacy than the atactic ones. Independent of the tacticity poly(acrylic acid)s with molecular weights smaller than 5000 show no significant effects, polymers with molecular weights greater than 25000 are toxic in the used doses. The optimum of efficacy is between 6000 and 15000. Isotactic poly(acrylic acid)s with narrow molecular weight distributions are more active than those with broad distributions. The atactic poly(acrylic acid)s with lower efficacy do not show this relationship. Atactic poly(methacrylic acid)s are not antiviral active in vivo compared with untreated controls. Isotactic ones have a just detectable efficacy which is essentially lower than the activity of the atactic poly(acrylic acid)s.
Epithelial membrane protein‐2 expression is an early predictor of endometrial cancer development (2010)

EMP2 is an early predictor of EC development in preneoplastic lesions. In addition, combined with our previous findings, these results validate EMP2 as a novel biomarker for EC development.
Development of a Weldable Neutron Absorbing Structural Material (2006)

The National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program, located at the Idaho National Laboratory, coordinates and integrates national efforts in management and disposal of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-owned spent nuclear fuel. These management functions include development of standardized systems for packaging, storage, treatment, transport, and long-term disposal in the proposed Yucca Mountain Repository. Nuclear criticality control measures are needed in these systems to avoid restrictive fissile loading limits because of the enrichment and total quantity of fissile material in some types of the DOE spent nuclear fuel. This paper will outline the results to date of a metallurgical development program that is investigating the alloying of gadolinium into a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy matrix. Gadolinium has been chosen as the neutron absorption alloying element due to its high thermal neutron absorption cross section and low solubility in the expected repository environment. The nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy family was chosen for its known corrosion performance, mechanical properties, and weldability. The workflow of this program includes chemical composition definition, primary melting and secondary refining studies, ingot conversion process evaluations, mechanical/physical properties and corrosion testing, welding studies, and national consensus codes, and standards work.
Supplemental Dataset 1 from Detecting the Presence and Progression of Premalignant Lung Lesions via Airway Gene Expression (2023)

<p>Ensembl IDs for genes used to predict smoking status.</p>
(15<i>R</i>)‐16‐<i>m</i>‐Tolyl‐17,18,19,20‐tetranorisocarbacyclin: ein stabiler, hochselektiver Ligand mit hoher Bindungsaffinität für einen Prostacyclin‐Rezeptor im zentralen Nervensystem (1996)

Strukturell vom Prostacyclin‐Agonisten Isocarbacyclin abgeleitet ist der stabile, hochselektive Ligand 1 , der eine hohe Bindungsaffinität gegenüber dem Prostacyclinrezeptor im zentralen Nervensystem aufweist. Damit weichen die Bindungseigenschaften von 1 stark von denen von Cicaprost und Iloprost ab. magnified image
Differentially Private Query Release Through Adaptive Projection (2021)

We propose, implement, and evaluate a new algorithm for releasing answers to very large numbers of statistical queries like $k$-way marginals, subject to differential privacy. Our algorithm makes adaptive use of a continuous relaxation of the Projection Mechanism, which answers queries on the private dataset using simple perturbation, and then attempts to find the synthetic dataset that most closely matches the noisy answers. We use a continuous relaxation of the synthetic dataset domain which makes the projection loss differentiable, and allows us to use efficient ML optimization techniques and tooling. Rather than answering all queries up front, we make judicious use of our privacy budget by iteratively and adaptively finding queries for which our (relaxed) synthetic data has high error, and then repeating the projection. We perform extensive experimental evaluations across a range of parameters and datasets, and find that our method outperforms existing algorithms in many cases, especially when the privacy budget is small or the query class is large.
Angiogenesis promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor: Regulation through α<sub>1</sub>β<sub>1</sub>and α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>1 </sub>integrins (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, is a cytokine of central importance for the angiogenesis associated with cancers and other pathologies. Because angiogenesis often involves endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation within a collagen-rich extracellular matrix, we investigated the possibility that VEGF promotes neovascularization through regulation of collagen receptor expression. VEGF induced a 5- to 7-fold increase in dermal microvascular EC surface protein expression of two collagen receptors-the alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins-through induction of mRNAs encoding the alpha1 and alpha2 subunits. In contrast, VEGF did not induce increased expression of the alpha3beta1 integrin, which also has been implicated in collagen binding. Integrin alpha1-blocking and alpha2-blocking antibodies (Ab) each partially inhibited attachment of microvascular EC to collagen I, and alpha1-blocking Ab also inhibited attachment to collagen IV and laminin-1. Induction of alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 expression by VEGF promoted cell spreading on collagen I gels which was abolished by a combination of alpha1-blocking and alpha2-blocking Abs. In vivo, a combination of alpha1-blocking and alpha2-blocking Abs markedly inhibited VEGF-driven angiogenesis; average cross-sectional area of individual new blood vessels was reduced 90% and average total new vascular area was reduced 82% without detectable effects on the pre-existing vasculature. These data indicate that induction of alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 expression by EC is an important mechanism by which VEGF promotes angiogenesis and that alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 antagonists may prove effective in inhibiting VEGF-driven angiogenesis in cancers and other important pathologies.
High-power properties of (Sr,Ca) <sub>2</sub> NaNb <sub>5</sub> O <sub>15</sub> piezoelectric ceramics in a longitudinal mode (2020)

Abstract The high-power properties of (Sr,Ca) 2 NaNb 5 O 15 (SCNN) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were investigated in a longitudinal mode using their rectangular column modified electrode patterns. It was hard to rise the SCNN temperature with increasing vibration velocity and we were able to drive with about a two times higher vibration velocity than that of hard-PZT. The quality factor of SCNN gradually decreased with the vibration velocity and increased with the temperature. The equivalent stiffness of SCNN was almost constant with increasing strain and there was no mechanical nonlinearity, however those of hard-PZT decreased significantly with vibration velocity and strain for the softening effect as mechanical nonlinearity. SCNN has also a positive temperature dependence of quality factor and equivalent stiffness similar in a radial vibration mode. It was clarified that the high-power properties of SCNN in a longitudinal mode had superior performance such as that of the radial vibration mode.
Validated retrieval in case-based reasoning (1990)

We combine simple retrieval with domain-specific validation of retrieved cases to produce a useful practical tool for case-based reasoning. Based on 200 real-world cases, we retrieve between three and six cases over a wide range of new problems. This represents a selectivity ranging from 1.5% to 3%, compared to an average selectivity of only 11% from simple retrieval alone. c flDigital Equipment Corporation 1990. All rights reserved. 1 1 Introduction We have combined simple retrieval (based on the similarity of surface features) with domain-specific validation of retrieved cases to produce a useful practical tool for case-based reasoning. Starting with a case base of 200 real-world cases, we have narrowed our consideration to between three and six cases over a wide range of new problems. This represents a selectivity ranging from 1.5% to 3%, compared to an average selectivity of only 11% from this same case base using retrieval without validation. We are applying the same technol...
Synthesis and biological activity of some derivatives of rifamycin P (1990)

A series of derivatives of rifamycin P, an antibiotic produced by fermentation of a mutant strain of Nocardia mediterranea or by chemical modification of rifamycin S, have been prepared. The structures of these compounds were determined by 1H NMR, IR, UV, and LC/MS. Their in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with rifampicin and two other rifamycins under investigation were evaluated. The derivatives were more active than rifamycin P against Mycobacterium avium complex and other slowly and rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria which frequently cause systemic infection in patients with AIDS. 2'-(Diethylamino)rifamycin P (P/DEA) appears suitable for further investigation.
Characterization of AlGaInN heterostructures and laser diodes (1998)

We report on the OMVPE (organometallic vapor phase epitaxial) growth and characterization of AlGaInN heterostructures and laser diodes, including measurements of electrical properties (Hall), structural characteristics (x-ray diffraction and TEM), and room temperature, pulsed laser operation of a 10- quantum well InGaN/AlGaN heterostructure.
Improved trellis-coding for partial-response channels (1995)

New code design methods and Viterbi detector architectures are presented for high-rate trellis-coded partial-response (TCPR) systems. The methods, which extend the matched-spectral-null (MSN) coding technique, use novel code constraints and time-varying detector trellis structures to reduce path memory requirements by as much as a factor of two, relative to previously reported codes, while retaining the other attractive features of MSN codes. The design methods and corresponding time-varying trellis structures are illustrated with several examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Methods of transmitting a wideband signal through an electrically small antenna (2015)

in this paper, two different methods are introduced to radiate a wideband signal through an electrically small antenna. One method shifts the resonant frequency of the antenna and radiates a frequency modulated signal while the other presents a feeding mechanism to radiate an amplitude modulated signal. Both methods are categorized under antenna direct modulation and take advantage of transient properties of electrically small antennas. It is shown that the bandwidth of the radiated signal can be independent of the bandwidth of the antenna.
Array antenna principle applied to modern car antennas for mobile communication (2002)

For most types of car antennas the car body acts as a functional part of the antenna. By use of several antenna elements or structures and by application of the array antenna principle, under incorporation of the radiation properties of the car body, the antenna characteristics can then be changed or influenced specifically, i.e. this method has been applied to mobile phone array antennas with short elements to achieve an almost omnidirectional radiation pattern or on FM-diversity backlite antenna systems to improve the diversity efficiency.
Non‐Aqueous Primary Li–Air Flow Battery and Optimization of its Cathode through Experiment and Modeling (2017)

A primary Li-air battery has been developed with a flowing Li-ion free ionic liquid as the recyclable electrolyte, boosting power capability by promoting superoxide diffusion and enhancing discharge capacity through separately stored discharge products. Experimental and computational tools are used to analyze the cathode properties, leading to a set of parameters that improve the discharge current density of the non-aqueous Li-air flow battery. The structure and configuration of the cathode gas diffusion layers (GDLs) are systematically modified by using different levels of hot pressing and the presence or absence of a microporous layer (MPL). These experiments reveal that the use of thinner but denser MPLs is key for performance optimization; indeed, this leads to an improvement in discharge current density. Also, computational results indicate that the extent of electrolyte immersion and porosity of the cathode can be optimized to achieve higher current density.
Inhibition of the Infectivity of Influenza Virus by Black Tea Extract (1994)

We determined whether black tea extract inhibits the infectivity of influenza virus to mice. When mice were inoculated intranasally with 10(5.3) PFU influenza viruses (10(1.3) LD50), their body weight decreased and all died within 10 days. Whereas, when mice were inoculated i.n. with the mixture of influenza viruses and 2% (w/w) black tea extract, 5 min after mixing, all mice showed normal body-weight increase and survived. Neutralizing antibody to influenza virus was not detected in nine of 10 survived mice. The results indicate that black tea extract at beverage concentration (2% w/w) inhibits almost completely the infectivity of influenza virus to mice and that in vivo reversion of the tea-inactivated influenza virus does not occur.
Securing information content using new encryption method and Steganography (2008)

This paper proposes a novel encryption method with password protection based on an extended version of SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm) that is able to encrypt 2D bulk data such as images. There has been a modest research in the literature on encryption of digital images though. The algorithm benefits also from the conjugate symmetry exhibited in what is termed, herein, an Irreversible Fast Fourier Transform (IrFFT). The proposed encryption method is a preprocessing phase which aims at increasing the robustness of Image Steganography against hackers. This scenario lays down a multi layer of security which forms a strong shield, against eavesdroppers, that is impossible to break. Both Shannon law requirements are met and results show promising results.
<sup>18</sup>F-Based Pretargeted PET Imaging Based on Bioorthogonal Diels–Alder Click Chemistry (2015)

A first-of-its-kind (18)F pretargeted PET imaging approach based on the bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) is presented. As proof-of-principle, a TCO-bearing immunoconjugate of the anti-CA19.9 antibody 5B1 and an Al[(18)F]NOTA-labeled tetrazine radioligand were harnessed for the visualization of CA19.9-expressing BxPC3 pancreatic cancer xenografts. Biodistribution and (18)F-PET imaging data clearly demonstrate that this methodology effectively delineates tumor mass with activity concentrations up to 6.4 %ID/g at 4 h after injection of the radioligand.