gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Haplotype relative risk study of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Association of the high-enzyme activity val allele with adhd impulsive-hyperactive phenotype (1999)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental syndrome expressed along three domains: inattention, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined type. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology of this complex disease. In the current investigation, a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphism that codes for a high versus low enzyme COMT activity was examined using family-based methods for a role in ADHD. Using a haplotype relative risk design and a parent-to-proband allele transmission test with 48 ADHD triads, we found an association between COMT and illness (chi(2) = 4.72, p = 0.03, df = 1). In particular, the impulsive-hyperactive type of ADHD (excluding inattention) ascertained by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) criteria (chi(2) = 8.34, p = 0.004, df = 1), by the Conners Teaching Rating Hyperactivity scale (Pearson chi(2) = 5.32, p = 0.02, df = 1) as well as by the Continuous Performance Test False Alarm scale (chi(2) = 2.78, p = 0.096, df = 1) were associated with the high enzyme activity COMT val allele. Similar results were obtained if genotype frequencies were compared. It should be noted that the association between the high-enzyme activity COMT val allele that increases CNS dopamine (and norepinephrine) clearance is consistent with the use of methylphenidate, an agent that increases dopamine (and norepinephrine) turnover, in the treatment of this disorder. These provisional findings suggest that newly developed COMT inhibitors such as tolcapone, applied in Parkinson's disease, might in due time be considered in the treatment of ADHD.
Text Typing in VR Using Smartphones Touchscreen and HMD (2019)

In this work, we were interested in using smartphone touchscreen keyboard for text typing in virtual environments (VEs) with head-mounted display. We carried out an experiment comparing the smartphone to the ordinary devices: gamepad and HTC Vive Controllers. We represented the touchscreen keyboard in the VE with a virtual interface and the fingertips with tracked green circles. A confirm-on-release paradigm was employed for text typing. Results showed that the smartphone did not fully outperformed the other devices. However, unlike the other devices, smartphones users tended to correct progressively their error while typing thanks to their familiarity with the device.
The Crystal Structure of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) (2002)

Abstract: The crystal structure of the amino-terminal LG domain of SHBG in complex with 5a-dihydrotestosterone at 1.55 Å resolution reveals the structure of the LG domain as such as well as the architecture of the steroid-binding site and the quaternary structure of the dimer. The steroid and a 20 Å distant calcium ion are not located at the dimer interface. Instead, two separate steroid binding pockets and calcium binding sites exist per dimer. The crystal structures of the tetragonal crystal form and the EDTA-soaked trigonal crystals of SHBG completed the original structure and reveal the loop segment that covers the steroid-binding pocket. Thus, a more detailed description of the steroid- binding site topography is obtained. The binding of zinc reorients the side- chain of His136 as observed in the original crystal structure of SHBG and in the zinc- complexed crystal structure. Apparently, this residue causes disorder within the loop structure between Pro130 and Arg135. The crystal structures of SHBG in complex with different ligands, which are estradiol, 5a-androstane, 3b,17b-diol (17b-DHA), 5a-androstane, 3b,17a-diol (17a-DHA), 2-methoxyestradiol (methoxyestradiol), norgestrel, have also been solved. Different SHBG-steroid complexes revealed that the steroid-binding pocket of SHBG is very adaptable and displays different possibilities to accommodate the ligands. The binding may occur in two ways, in a "forward" mode like DHT and other chemically related androgens or in the "reverse" mode like in estradiol and it metabolite methoxyestradiol. Depending on which ligand is bound, conformational rearrangements of the residues lining the pocket occur. The X-ray structures of SHBG-steroid complexes presented here provide a three-dimensional composite of key molecular features for the binding of androgens and estrogens.
High-Chromium Ferritic and Martensitic Steels for Nuclear Applications (2001)

Description The desire to reduce generating costs by increasing thermal efficiency in power plants has resulted in a need for materials with improved high-temperature properties. Advanced ferritic/martensitic steels are prime candidates for such applications. Although these alloys were developed for application in nuclear power plants because of their low swelling behavior, their high creep-rupture strength and appealing thermal properties have led to their use in other demanding environments. Monograph 3 provides a detailed review of the development of the high-chromium ferritic/martensitic steels for exposure to the high-energy neutron environment of a fission or fusion reactor. Since the steels are used extensively for a range of high-temperature applications, this book also provides insight into the basic properties of the steels under non-nuclear conditions. The many materials scientists worldwide who conduct research on non-nuclear applications will find this a valuable resource. A comprehensive list of references is also provided and will save users valuable time otherwise spent on locating related publications.
Hot keyword identification for extracting web public opinion (2010)

Internet is becoming an increasingly important platform for ordinary life and work. It is expected that keyword extraction can help people quickly find hot spots on the web, since keywords in a document provide important information about the content of the document. In this paper, we propose to use text clustering method based on semi-supervised learning to get focuses of social topics in a large amount of text. We develop a novel keyword extraction method named NATF-PDF, which is based on TFPDF algorithm, combined with supervised learning theory for keyword extraction. We compare its performance with TFIDF in comparison, and the results show that our method get better accuracy and recall ratio.
Propagation considerations of low power cellular boosters and case histories (2003)

Booster site selection often has tighter constraints placed upon it than cell site selection. Low-power 800-MHz cellular boosters usually provide a 250 mW ERP (effective radiated power) and are located several miles from the donor cell site. Two propagation problems must be analyzed, the donor-to-booster path loss and the booster coverage contour. In either case, the typical propagation model (e.g., free-space or Carey curves) may not provide enough accuracy. Free-space path loss assumes at least first Fresnel zone clearance, which often cannot be achieved. This can result in path losses 10 to 15 dB higher than expected and therefore possibly 10 to 15 dB less output from the booster, which could be devastating to its coverage. The path to the mobile is also important, and commonly used cellular propagation models, such as the Carey curves are not always accurate enough. A detailed terrain model, such as Longley-Rice, which can take topography into account, is essential. When this is added to a system engineer's experience, a realistic coverage contour can be predicted. Several case histories are presented to show how the analysis was performed and how the prediction matched actual measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Achievable system performance gains using distributed antenna deployments (2012)

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) using distributed antenna systems (DASs) have emerged as a promising candidate for future wireless cellular networks. In general by employing a DAS one places more remote radio units (RRUs) in a cell with one or more antennas to enhance coverage and capacity. These RRUs are connected to a central base band unit (BBU) via a high capacity and low latency connection. This paper shows achievable performance gains by deploying a DAS while keeping the number of transmit antennas the same as in a centralized antenna system (CAS). The proposed DAS architecture is an extension of a standard long term evolution (LTE) deployment. Performance evaluation is carried out by extensive system level simulations.
Isolation and Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli tolC</i> Mutants Defective in Secreting Enzymatically Active Alpha-Hemolysin (2001)

This study describes the isolation and characterization of a unique class of TolC mutants that, under steady-state growth conditions, secreted normal levels of largely inactive alpha-hemolysin. Unlike the reduced activity in the culture supernatants, the cell-associated hemolytic activity in these mutants was identical to that in the parental strain, thus reflecting a normal intracellular toxin activation event. Treatment of the secreted toxin with guanidine hydrochloride significantly restored cytolytic activity, suggesting that the diminished activity may have been due to the aggregation or misfolding of the toxin molecules. Consistent with this notion, sedimentation and filtration analyses showed that alpha-hemolysin secreted from the mutant strain has a mass greater than that secreted from the parental strain. Experiments designed to monitor the time course of alpha-hemolysin release showed delayed appearance of toxin in the culture supernatant of the mutant strain, thus indicating a possible defect in alpha-hemolysin translocation or release. Eight different TolC substitutions displaying this toxin secretion defect were scattered throughout the protein, of which six localized in the periplasmically exposed alpha-helical domain, while the remaining two mapped within the outer membrane-embedded beta-barrel domain of TolC. A plausible model for the secretion of inactive alpha-hemolysin in these TolC mutants is discussed in the context of the recently determined three-dimensional structure of TolC.
3 Dimensional GAA Transitors : twin silicon nanowire MOSFET and multi-bridge-channel MOSFET (2006)

In this paper, as the candidates of MOSFET for high performance and channel length scale below 10 nm, gate-all-around (GAA) multi-bridge-channel MOSFETs (MBCFETs) and twin Si-nanowire MOSFETs (TSNWFETs) are introduced. These are Si-based transistors with an ultimate structure for future scaled devices. N-ch MBCFET with two bridges shows 3.5 mA/um and 13 nA/um of Ion and Ioff, respectively. N-ch TSNWFET shows 2.64 mA/um with two 10 nm diameter Si-wire and gate length of 30 nm. Both transistors show excellent short channel effects
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease (2013)

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine offer no advantage over placebo for induction of remission or clinical improvement in active Crohn's disease. Antimetaboilte therapy may allow patients to reduce steroid consumption. Adverse events were more common in patients receiving antimetabolites although differences with placebo were not statistically significant. Azathioprine therapy is inferior to infliximab for induction of steroid-free remission. However, the combination of azathioprine and infliximab was superior to infliximab alone for induction of steroid-free remission.
Magnetic nanoparticles as a catalyst vehicle for simple and easy recyclingElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD and FT-IR data, as well as the detailed experimental conditions for the catalytic hydroformylation reactions. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/nj/b2/b209391j/. (2003)

The surface of magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) was coated with a Rh-based cationic complex, [Rh(cod)(η6-benzoic acid)]BF4, to make them homogeneously dispersable and thermodynamically stable without an excess amount of surface capping molecules in normal organic solvents. Since magnetic nanoparticles themselves have strong magnetic properties and could be considered as a nanometer-sized solid support for the surface-anchored Rh-based catalyst, the ferrite nanoparticle-supported Rh catalyst showed very effective catalytic activity toward the hydroformylation reaction of olefins and could be easily recovered from the reaction mixture by magnetic decantation to be used for subsequent reactions.
Social Media Image Recognition for Food Trend Analysis (2017)

An increasing number of people share their thoughts and the images of their lives on social media platforms. People are exposed to food in their everyday lives and share on-line what they are eating by means of photos taken to their dishes. The hashtag #foodporn is constantly among the popular hashtags in Twitter and food photos are the second most popular subject in Instagram after selfies. The system that we propose, WorldFoodMap, captures the stream of food photos from social media and, thanks to a CNN food image classifier, identifies the categories of food that people are sharing. By collecting food images from the Twitter stream and associating food category and location to them, WorldFoodMap permits to investigate and interactively visualize the popularity and trends of the shared food all over the world.
TREATMENT OF INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF DIFFUSION (2023)

This paper introduces methods for incorporating the effect of initial and boundary conditions into the Monte Carlo simulation of diffusion problems. Conservation laws are taken into account in the initial generation of Monte Carlo particles. The concept of symmetrical/anti-symmetrical distribution of particles around a boundary is utilized to simulate the effect of zero-gradient/zero-quantity boundary conditions, respectively. Boundary effect equations are derived to deal with more complex boundary conditions.
Discovering Event Evolution Patterns From Document Sequences (2007)

Recent advances in information and networking technologies have contributed significantly to global connectivity and greatly facilitated and fostered information creation, distribution, and access. The resultant ever-increasing volume of online textual documents creates an urgent need for new text mining techniques that can intelligently and automatically extract implicit and potentially useful knowledge from these documents for decision support. This research focuses on identifying and discovering event episodes together with their temporal relationships that occur frequently (referred to as evolution patterns (EPs) in this paper) in sequences of documents. The discovery of such EPs can be applied in domains such as knowledge management and used to facilitate existing document management and retrieval techniques [e.g., event tracking (ET)]. Specifically, we propose and design an EP discovery technique for mining EPs from sequences of documents. We experimentally evaluate our proposed EP technique in the context of facilitating ET. Measured by miss and false alarm rates, the EP-supported ET (EPET) technique exhibits better tracking effectiveness than a traditional ET technique. The encouraging performance of the EPET technique demonstrates the potential usefulness of EPs in supporting ET and suggests that the proposed EP technique could effectively discover event episodes and EPs in sequences of documents
Diversity of endophytic bacteria from<i>Eucalyptus</i>species seeds and colonization of seedlings by<i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> (2008)

The diversity and beneficial characteristics of endophytic microorganisms have been studied in several host plants. However, information regarding naturally occurring seed-associated endophytes and vertical transmission among different life-history stages of hosts is limited. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from seeds and seedlings of 10 Eucalyptus species and two hybrids. The results showed that endophytic bacteria, such as Bacillus, Enterococcus, Paenibacillus and Methylobacterium, are vertically transferred from seeds to seedlings. In addition, the endophytic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans was tagged with the gfp gene, inoculated into seeds and further reisolated from seedlings. These results suggested a novel approach to change the profile of the plants, where the bacterium is a delivery vehicle for desired traits. This is the first report of an endophytic bacterial community residing in Eucalyptus seeds and the transmission of these bacteria from seeds to seedlings. The bacterial species reported in this work have been described as providing benefits to host plants. Therefore, we suggest that endophytic bacteria can be transmitted vertically from seeds to seedlings, assuring the support of the bacterial community in the host plant.
Solder printability of a stencil with a hydrophobic organic coating (2015)

This study investigated the effects of hydrophobic-film-coated stencils on bridging rate and solder print efficiency, defined as the volume ratio of printed solder to the stencil aperture size. Printed solder paste volume was measured by solder paste inspection (SPI). The test printed circuit board (PCB) in this study possessed 0603/0402, ball-grid-array (BGA) package, and bridging test pads printed using type 5 solder paste (Sn 96.5%, Ag 3.0%, Cu 0.5%, by weight). The coated stencil showed slightly higher printing efficiency than the uncoated stencil. The cross-sectional view of the aperture wall showed substantial roughness on the top and bottom sides of the aperture, which degrades the improvement in printing efficiency offered by hydrophobic thin films. The solder bridging rate of the coated stencil was higher than that of the uncoated stencil. The printed solder paste sent through the coated stencil had high surface tension, leading to a low bridging rate.
Genome-wide mapping of NBS-LRR genes and their association with disease resistance in soybean (2012)

The number of NBS-LRR genes and disease resistance QTL in the 2-Mb flanking regions of each chromosome was significantly correlated, and several recently duplicated regions that contain NBS-LRR genes harbored disease resistance QTL for both sides. In addition, NBS-LRR gene expression was significantly different between the BLP-resistant NIL and the BLP-susceptible NIL in response to bacterial infection. From these observations, NBS-LRR genes are suggested to contribute to disease resistance in soybean. Moreover, we propose models for how NBS-LRR genes were duplicated, and apply Ks values for each NBS-LRR gene cluster.
Secondary-Electron imaging by Scintillating Gaseous Detection Device (1992)

The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) incorporates the functions of the conventional SEM while it has the added capability of allowing the examination of virtually any specimen in a gaseous environment. The main modes of imaging are all represented in the ESEM, and some developments with regard to the secondary electron (SE) mode are reported herewith. The conventional E-T detector fails to operate in the gaseous conditions of ESEM, but this obstacle has been overcome with the advent of a gaseous detection device (GDD). The principle of operation of this device is based on the monitoring of the products of interaction between signals and gas. Initially, the ionization from the signal/gas interaction was used to produce images of varying contrast and, later, the gaseous scintillation, from the same interaction, was also used to produce images. First, a low bias was applied to various electrodes but later a much higher bias was used for the purpose of achieving additional signal gain. By careful shaping and positioning the respective electrode, it was shown that SE imaging is possible in the ESEM. This has been also independently demonstrated by use of a special specimen preparation.
Thermo-optic plasmo-photonic mode interference switches based on dielectric loaded waveguides (2011)

We demonstrate an efficient thermo-optic dielectric loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide (DLSPPW) 2 × 2 switch using a high thermo-optic coefficient polymer and a dual mode interference configuration. Unlike previous configurations relying on single-mode waveguide circuitry, the switch we consider is based on the interference between a plasmonic and a low-damping photonic mode of the DLSPPW, thus leading to the minimization of insertion losses of the device. Switching extinction ratios of 7 dB are measured for a compact 119 μm-long device. The overall device performances are in good agreement with numerical simulations performed using the beam propagation method.
Very low bit rate video coding using arbitrarily shaped region-based motion compensation (1995)

This paper presents a novel region-based video coding algorithm for very low bit-rate transmission. A huge amount of region shape information in a conventional region-based coding does not need to be transmitted in the new approach, because it can be synchronously obtained from a reconstructed picture in both the encoder and decoder by image segmentation. Segmented region updating, which can obtain appropriate regions for motion compensated prediction, and a new bit assignment algorithm in prediction error coding are also developed. Computer simulations are carried out to evaluate the coding efficiency at 9.6 kb/s. The result indicates that the objective and subjective qualities for decoded pictures are improved compared to those for the conventional block-based method. This algorithm is significantly effective for mobile communication.
Brain inflammation accompanies amyloid in the majority of mild cognitive impairment cases due to Alzheimer’s disease (2017)

See Kreisl (doi:10.1093/awx151) for a scientific commentary on this article.Subjects with mild cognitive impairment associated with cortical amyloid-β have a greatly increased risk of progressing to Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that neuroinflammation occurs early in Alzheimer's disease and would be present in most amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment cases. 11C-Pittsburgh compound B and 11C-(R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography was used to determine the amyloid load and detect the extent of neuroinflammation (microglial activation) in 42 mild cognitive impairment cases. Twelve age-matched healthy control subjects had 11C-Pittsburgh compound B and 10 healthy control subjects had 11C-(R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography for comparison. Amyloid-positivity was defined as 11C-Pittsburgh compound B target-to-cerebellar ratio above 1.5 within a composite cortical volume of interest. Supervised cluster analysis was used to generate parametric maps of 11C-(R)-PK11195 binding potential. Levels of 11C-(R)-PK11195 binding potential were measured in a selection of cortical volumes of interest and at a voxel level. Twenty-six (62%) of 42 mild cognitive impairment cases showed a raised cortical amyloid load compared to healthy controls. Twenty-two (85%) of the 26 amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment cases showed clusters of increased cortical microglial activation accompanying the amyloid. There was a positive correlation between levels of amyloid load and 11C-(R)-PK11195 binding potentials at a voxel level within subregions of frontal, parietal and temporal cortices. 11C-(R)-PK11195 positron emission tomography reveals increased inflammation in a majority of amyloid positive mild cognitive impairment cases, its cortical distribution overlapping that of amyloid deposition.