gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential Sputtering Induced Stress Domains and Mesoscopic Phase Separation on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>CaF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>111</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> (2000)

We report the formation of novel mesoscopic two-dimensional bubble structures coexisting with nanometer-scale, two monolayer high, meandering islands of characteristic separation approximately 11 nm on CaF2(111) surfaces exposed to glancing incidence ion beam irradiation (4 degrees, 4.5 keV Ar+). The island and bubble structures can be explained, respectively, by nanoscale stress domain related local self-ordering of a single calcium adlayer on phase-separated F- (fluorine ion) and F-center (color center) terminated mesoscopic domains.
Universal Strategy To Engineer Catalytic DNA Hairpin Assemblies for Protein Analysis (2015)

Nucleic acids can be programmed into enzyme-free catalytic DNA circuits (CDCs) to carry out various functions ranging from DNA computing to signal amplifications for biosensing. Catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA), the accelerated hybridization between two DNA hairpins catalyzed by a DNA input, is one of the most widely studied and used CDCs for amplified detection of nucleic acids and small molecules. So far, it is still challenging to expand CHAs to proteins largely due to the lack of a universal strategy to construct protein-responsive CHAs. To address this challenge, we demonstrate that a rationally designed protein–DNA binding complex can be used as an effective catalyst to accelerate CHA reactions. On the basis of this principle, we developed specific CHAs for a number of important protein biomarkers, including human α-thrombin, human prostate specific antigen, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Upon establishing this panel of protein-responsive CHAs, we further explore their potential applications to the detection of specific protein biomarkers from human serum samples and cancer cells.
Cathepsin L Functionally Cleaves the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Class I Fusion Protein Upstream of Rather than Adjacent to the Fusion Peptide (2008)

Unlike other class I viral fusion proteins, spike proteins on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virions are uncleaved. As we and others have demonstrated, infection by this virus depends on cathepsin proteases present in endosomal compartments of the target cell, suggesting that the spike protein acquires its fusion competence by cleavage during cell entry rather than during virion biogenesis. Here we demonstrate that cathepsin L indeed activates the membrane fusion function of the spike protein. Moreover, cleavage was mapped to the same region where, in coronaviruses carrying furin-activated spikes, the receptor binding subunit of the protein is separated from the membrane-anchored fusion subunit.
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 activity leads to epigenetic silencing of nuclear factor κB target genes and induction of apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells (2007)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is commonly defined as a disease of failed apoptosis of B cells and remains an incurable disease. The mechanism of resistance to apoptosis in CLL is complex and influenced by numerous factors, including nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated expression of antiapoptotic molecules. Recent evidence indicates that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) positively regulates NFkappaB-mediated gene transcription and cell survival. Using malignant B cells collected from patients with CLL, we find that both GSK-3beta and NFkappaB accumulate in the nucleus of CLL B cells, and pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3 results in decreased expression of two NFkappaB target genes Bcl-2 and XIAP and a subsequent increase in CLL B-cell apoptosis ex vivo. Furthermore, we observed that inhibition of GSK-3 leads to a decrease in NFkappaB-mediated gene transcription but does not affect the nuclear accumulation of NFkappaB in CLL B cells. Last, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show that GSK-3 inhibition abrogates NFkappaB binding to its target gene promoters (XIAP, Bcl-2), in part through epigenetic modification of histones. Our results establish that inhibition of GSK-3 abrogates NFkappaB binding to its target gene promoters through an epigenetic mechanism, enhances apoptosis in CLL B cells ex vivo and identifies GSK-3 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of CLL.
Leaper (2020)

Frequency-based cache replacement policies that work well on page-based database storage engines are no longer sufficient for the emerging LSM-tree ( Log-Structure Merge-tree ) based storage engines. Due to the append-only and copy-on-write techniques applied to accelerate writes, the state-of-the-art LSM-tree adopts mutable record blocks and issues frequent background operations (i.e., compaction, flush) to reorganize records in possibly every block. As a side-effect, such operations invalidate the corresponding entries in the cache for each involved record, causing sudden drops on the cache hit rates and spikes on access latency. Given the observation that existing methods cannot address this cache invalidation problem, we propose Leaper, a machine learning method to predict hot records in an LSM-tree storage engine and prefetch them into the cache without being disturbed by background operations. We implement Leaper in a state-of-the-art LSM-tree storage engine, X-Engine, as a light-weight plug-in. Evaluation results show that Leaper eliminates about 70% cache invalidations and 99% latency spikes with at most 0.95% overheads as measured in real-world workloads.
A New Low Melting-Point Polymorph of Fenofibrate Prepared via Talc Induced Heterogeneous Nucleation (2015)

Fenofibrate is one of the most commonly prescribed hyperlipidemia agents. Despite its high lipophilicity and ultralow aqueous solubility, most commercially available formulations use micronized crystalline fenofibrate form I, which has a low dissolution rate and poor oral bioavailability. Little is known about the crystallization of other polymorphs from supercooled amorphous fenofibrate. This study reports a new fenofibrate polymorph (form III) obtained via a controlled heterogeneous nucleation method using low quantity (1% w/w) of the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) oral pharmaceutical excipient talc. Form III has a low melting point of 50 °C, and crystallization of form I immediately occurs after the melting of form III. The microscopic, thermal, and spectroscopic characterizations of form III confirmed the distinct molecular packing difference between the new form and other known forms. The discovery of this new form will enrich the understanding of the molecular behavior of fenofibrate and bring useful insights into the role pharmaceutical excipients in selective crystallization of pharmaceutical active ingredients.
A 4 kW, 42 V induction machine based automotive power generation system with a diode bridge rectifier and a PWM inverter (2002)

In recent years, the electrical load demand in automobiles has been increasing steadily due to the usage of several subsystems to improve engine performance, passenger comfort and safety. The current production Lundell alternator is not able to meet the future growing power demand due to its inherent design limitations. Therefore, an efficient, high power generation system is needed to meet the growing electric power demand in automobiles. The recent trend to adopt the 42 V power system in automobiles allows one to add more subsystems in an efficient way. In this paper, a three-phase, 42 V, 4 kW, induction machine based automotive power generation scheme is proposed to meet the future electrical power demand in automobiles. This scheme uses a low cost diode bridge rectifier directly connected to the induction machine to transfer active power to the battery and the load. The excitation to the machine is supplied by means of a low power PWM inverter to control the output voltage of the generator connected to the diode bridge rectifier. This paper presents a new control methodology to regulate the output voltage of an induction generator directly connected to a diode bridge rectifier by controlling the auxiliary PWM inverter. The simulated performance results of a 4 kW, 42 V induction generator scheme at various speeds and loads are presented.
Suppression of propagating second harmonic in non-linear imaging (2002)

Harmonic imaging can improve contrast between contrast agents and tissue when imaging microvasculature. However, the factor limiting contrast enhancement is harmonic signals generated by the medium as the ultrasound signal propagates through it. Here, the authors have developed a method known as the Harmonic Cancellation System (HCS) to suppress this propagating second harmonic and improve contrast between contrast agents and the surrounding tissue for harmonic imaging. Simulations and experiments have shown that the level of second harmonic signals can be reduced by about 30 dB using HCS.
Bulk surface photografting process and its application. III. Photolamination of polymer films (1997)

This paper introduces a set of new concepts related to the macromolecular design and to the practice in the realm of lamination by photografting, with experimental studies of the synthesis, structure, and performance of various systems, including valence bond adhesion of the organic polymeric materials, hyperbranched macromolecules rooted to the surface of organic substrates, macromolecular networks rooted on and bridged between two organic substrates, and a synthetic route combining primary and secondary photografting processes for the preparation of supermolecular architectures. In successful photolamination experiments based on these ideas, hyperbranched macromolecules of large size (10–20 μm) were obtained after initiation with aromatic ketones, which undergo a photoreduction reaction. A range of different organic polymeric films have been laminated. T-peel tests show most of the laminates broke inside the substrates and not at the interface between adhesive and substrate. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1723–1732, 1997
Improving the Robustness of Neural Networks Using K-Support Norm Based Adversarial Training (2016)

It is of significant importance for any classification and recognition system, which claims near or better than human performance to be immune to small perturbations in the dataset. Researchers found out that neural networks are not very robust to small perturbations and can easily be fooled to persistently misclassify by adding a particular class of noise in the test data. This, so-called adversarial noise severely deteriorates the performance of neural networks, which otherwise perform really well on unperturbed dataset. It has been recently proposed that neural networks can be made robust against adversarial noise by training them using the data corrupted with adversarial noise itself. Following this approach, in this paper, we propose a new mechanism to generate a powerful adversarial noise model based on K-support norm to train neural networks. We tested our approach on two benchmark datasets, namely the MNIST and STL-10, using muti-layer perceptron and convolutional neural networks. Experimental results demonstrate that neural networks trained with the proposed technique show significant improvement in robustness as compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators with Conformationally Restricted Side Chains. Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship of ERα-Selective Tetrahydroisoquinoline Ligands (2004)

We disclose herein the discovery of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) of the tetrahydroisoquinoline series that incorporate novel conformationally restricted side chains as replacement of the aminoethoxy residue typical of SERMs. Molecular modeling studies used in conjunction with the X-ray crystal structure of the ERalpha ligand binding domain (LBD) with raloxifene (7) suggested a diazadecaline moiety as a viable mimic of the SERM side chain. On the basis of this knowledge, the piperidinylethoxy moiety of our lead compound 60 was replaced by a diazadecaline subunit, providing the novel tetrahydroisoquinoline 29. In addition to exhibiting a binding affinity to ERalpha and antagonistic properties in the estrogen response element and MCF-7 assays similar to those of the parent compound 60, ligand 29 showed a reduced agonist behavior in the MCF-7 assay in the absence of 17beta-estradiol. These data point toward the fact that 29 may have a potential for breast cancer prevention/treatment in vivo, a feature which is particularly attractive in the quest for safe alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. In a pharmacokinetic experiment carried out in rats, 29 displayed an interesting profile, with a bioavailability of 49%. We also disclose the X-ray crystal structure of 29 in complex with ERalpha-LBD, which reveals the preferred configurations of 29 at the two chiral centers and the details of its interactions with the receptor. Finally, our structure-activity relationship studies show that other analogues bearing constrained side chains retain potency and antagonist activity and that a 3-OH substituted phenyl D-ring increases the selectivity of a set of piperazinyl-containing ligands in favor of ERalpha over ERbeta.
Assessment of the Accuprobe Listeria monocytogenes culture identification reagent kit for rapid colony confirmation and its application in various enrichment broths (1992)

The Accuprobe Listeria monocytogenes Culture Identification Reagent Kit, a nonradioactive probe, was evaluated as a colony confirmation test and in different selective or nonselective enrichment broths. The probe was 100% sensitive and 100% specific when applied to isolated colonies. The minimal detection limit in physiological saline was established to be about 10(5) CFU of L. monocytogenes. Hybridization done directly in broths seeded with L. monocytogenes showed variable results. Three nonselective broths (Todd-Hewitt broth, brain heart infusion broth, and tryptic soy broth) and one selective broth (FDA) gave positive reactions at an inoculum of 5 x 10(6) CFU, whereas two other selective broths (UVM, and PALCAMY) gave negative reactions with up to 10(8) and 10(9) CFU. In FDA broth, the level of detection of L. monocytogenes was not modified by the presence of other organisms in mixed cultures.
A variable gain RF front-end, based on a Voltage-Voltage feedback LNA, for multistandard applications (2005)

Employing feedback circuits in RF front-ends can be a key aspect for easy reconfiguration of multistandard receivers. A narrow-band filter can shape the frequency transfer function and, by reflection due to the feedback network, the input impedance. Switching one single filter component thus allows selecting a different standard. We introduce a voltage-voltage feedback low noise amplifier that, besides being easily reconfigurable, shows roughly the same noise and better linearity, for same power consumption, as the conventional inductively degenerated topology. A direct conversion front-end, including the LNA and I and Q mixers, tailored to WLAN applications in the 5-6 GHz range, has been realized in a 0.25-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process. Prototypes show the following performances: 2.5 dB NF, 31.5 dB gain, -9.5dBm IIP3, and +23dBm minimum IIP2 while consuming 16 mA from a 2.5 V supply.
Pharmacokinetics and Abuse Potential of Benzhydrocodone, a Novel Prodrug of Hydrocodone, After Intranasal Administration in Recreational Drug Users (2017)

Reductions in hydrocodone exposure and associated decreases in Drug Liking relative to HB suggest that the prodrug benzhydrocodone may deter intranasal abuse.
Control strategies for direct torque control using discrete pulse modulation (2003)

A scheme for direct torque control of AC machines using discrete pulse modulated inverters, such as the resonant DC link inverter, is presented. A unique feature of the control method presented is that only one current sensor in the DC link is required. Excellent control of torque, stator flux and motor current waveshapes is obtained without affecting the high dynamic performance associated with the direct self-control of machines. A control that does not use the zero voltage vector is defined, and an observer is proposed for estimation of the motor current using only one current sensor in the DC link. A direct bang-bang (sliding mode) torque controller is then derived on the basis of this current observer. Experimental verification of simulation results on a resonant DC link inverter drive with a switching frequency of 27 kHz is included. The inverter switching scheme is implemented using a real-time Motorola DSP56000 digital signal processor-based controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Handbook of Advanced Plasma Processing Techniques (2001)

Handbook of Advanced Plasma Processing Techniques has been written as a single introductory text for plasma processing engineers and researchers. Plasma processing is a rapidly mutating field, so up-to-date material is most welcome. The broad range of topics makes the book useful for companies trying to improve their products, in research laboratories where new techniques are sought, in technological universities, and every time researchers and developers wish to broaden their knowledge of plasmas to lateral areas. After an introduction on the state of the art of plasma material processing, the basic fundamentals of plasma physics are presented in a direct, somewhat simplified, way. This may be useful for beginners, but the expert reader may prefer something more challenging at this point. The chapter on modelling is divided into plasma modelling and reactor design. This second area is further dealt with in a separate chapter. The overview of plasma diagnostic techniques, together with the references quoted therein, gives comprehensive coverage of several diagnostics. Mass spectroscopy is dealt with separately. In the latter two-thirds, the book is focused much more on processes. Dry etching, micromachining, PCVD, ion beam etching and other processes are discussed with respect to many different materials such as silicon, III­V materials and magnetic materials. Particular attention is given to damage and charging. The authors are expert and up to date. It is impossible to cover in a single volume all aspects of plasma processing, but it is reasonable to say that this book, together with all the material referenced within, aspires to this goal. Somewhat more American references, rather than European or Russian, are quoted; this is acceptable for the technological section, but rather incomplete for the sections on fundamental plasma physics and diagnostics. With contributions by several authors, some repetition is unavoidable; this may even help to ensure all chapters are self-consistent. In fact, like any handbook, it is designed more to be consulted than to be read in full. Readers will appreciate the effort of the authors of individual chapters in treating their own work topics and those of the other authors in similar depth. Given the large amount of information provided, the book is reasonably good value for money. Dr B M Annaratone Max-Planck Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik D-85740 Garching
Phase III Clinical Trial of Thalidomide Plus Dexamethasone Compared With Dexamethasone Alone in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Clinical Trial Coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (2005)

Thalidomide plus dexamethasone demonstrates significantly superior response rates in newly diagnosed myeloma compared with dexamethasone alone. However, this must be balanced against the greater toxicity seen with the combination.
High-energy picosecond pulses from a 2850 nm fiber amplifier (2018)

We report the demonstration of a 2850 nm diode-pumped Ho<sup>3+</sup>, Pr<sup>3+</sup> co-doped fluoride fiber amplifier that delivers pulses with an average power of 2.45 W, 122 μJ energy, and 500 ps duration at a repetition rate of 20 kHz. To the best of our knowledge, the average power and pulse energy are the highest to be obtained from a sub-nanosecond fiber source operating in the 3 μm spectral region. The amplifier is seeded by an optical parametric generation source and is pumped around 915 nm using widely available InGaAs laser diodes.
Face image quality assessment for face selection in surveillance video using convolutional neural networks (2015)

Automated Face Quality Assessment (FQA) plays a key role in improving face recognition accuracy and increasing computational efficiency. In the context of video, it is very common to acquire multiple face images of a single person. If one were to use all the acquired face images for the recognition task, the computational load for Face Recognition (FR) increases while recognition accuracy decreases due to outliers. This impediment necessitates a strategy to optimally choose the good quality face images from the pool of images in order to improve the performance of the FR algorithm. Toward this end, we propose a FQA algorithm that is based on mimicking the recognition capability of a given FR algorithm using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). In this way, we select those face images that are of high quality with respect to the FR algorithm. The proposed algorithm is simple and can be used in conjunction with any FR algorithm. Preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed method is on par with the state-of-the-art FQA methods in improving the performance of FR algorithms in a surveillance scenario.
Digital Twins In Farm Management: Illustrations From The Fiware Accelerators Smartagrifood And Fractals (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a vision of a world in which the Internet extends into the real world embracing everyday objects. In the IoT, physical objects are accompanied by Digital Twins: virtual, digital equivalents to physical objects. The interaction between real/physical and digital/virtual objects (digital twins) is an essential concept behind this vision. Digital twins can act as a central means to manage farms and has the potential to revolutionize agriculture. It removes fundamental constraints concerning place, time, and human observation. Farming operations would no longer require physical proximity, which allows for remote monitoring, control and coordination of farm operations. Moreover, Digital Twins can be enriched with information that cannot be observed (or not accurately) by the human senses, e.g. sensor and satellite data. A final interesting angle is that Digital Twins do not only represent actual states, but can also reproduce historical states and simulate future states. As a consequence, applications based on Digital Twins, if properly synchronized, enable farmers and other stakeholders to act immediately in case of (expected) deviations. This paper introduces the concept of Digital Twins and illustrate its application in agriculture by six cases of the SmartAgriFood and Fractals accelerator projects (2014-2016).