gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renoprotective effects of combined endothelin-converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase inhibitor SLV338 in acute and chronic experimental renal damage. (2011)

The dual ECE/NEP inhibitor SLV338 preserves kidney function and reduces mortality in severe acute ischemic renal failure. Moreover, combined ECE/NEP inhibition prevents hypertensive renal tissue damage in a blood pressure independent manner in L-NAME-treated rats.
Three-dimensional Learning (2014)

Marcia has a dilemma. One of her five work teams is performing below her expectations. She considers the array of options open to her for how to improve the team's performance. Was the problem a lack of technical skills? she wonders. On the other hand, could the problem be a nontechnical one? Could it be about the people rather than their technical competence? In terms of a solution, could the poor work performance be resolved through personal development? Yet again, perhaps it may be due to an inability to resolve the day-to-day problems that bombard the team in their work servicing a range of complex problems from an array of stakeholders across the company. Marcia decided to apply three strategic approaches to assist the underperforming team to develop and grow.
Object class recognition by unsupervised scale-invariant learning (2003)

We present a method to learn and recognize object class models from unlabeled and unsegmented cluttered scenes in a scale invariant manner. Objects are modeled as flexible constellations of parts. A probabilistic representation is used for all aspects of the object: shape, appearance, occlusion and relative scale. An entropy-based feature detector is used to select regions and their scale within the image. In learning the parameters of the scale-invariant object model are estimated. This is done using expectation-maximization in a maximum-likelihood setting. In recognition, this model is used in a Bayesian manner to classify images. The flexible nature of the model is demonstrated by excellent results over a range of datasets including geometrically constrained classes (e.g. faces, cars) and flexible objects (such as animals).
Analysis and economic implications of X-ray film repeat/reject in selected hospitals in Ghana (2013)

Background/Aims: Repeat of X-ray examinations contributes to the radiation burden of patient and waste of resources in most developing countries. This study determined the economic implications of repeated X-ray examinations in 10 selected hospitals in Ghana. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in July, 2011 using a total of 2785 radiographs from 1685 patients (85.9% adult and 14.1% pediatrics). Of these, 944 (56.0%) were female and 741 (44.0%) male. Reject films were compiled and classified according to the reasons for the reject. Time and cost analyses due to the repeat examinations were also carried out. Results: Out of 2785 radiographs included in the study, 540 representing 19.4% were rejected. The overall reject rate for the individual hospitals ranged from 14.6% to 20.8%. The minimum time wasted by the radiographers in repeating examinations during the 1 month study was estimated to be approximately 135 h representing 17 working days in Ghana. The loss of revenue per month due to 540 rejected/repeated radiographs amounts to approximately $6021 equating to approximately $72,256/annum. Exposure error and poor patient positioning constituted between 52.0% and 23.0% respectively of the overall causes of film rejection and were evenly distributed across the hospitals. Conclusion: Consistent training in radiographic techniques and standardization of protocols as well as quality assurance measures in the hospitals could help overcome the reported exposure error and poor patient positioning and improve revenue savings.
Recovering shape and reflectance model of non-lambertian objects from multiple views (2004)

This paper proposes an algorithm to simultaneously estimate both the 3D shape and parameters of a surface reflectance model from multiple views of an object made of a single material. The algorithm is based on a multiple view shape from shading method. A triangular mesh represents the shape of the object. The Phong reflectance model is used to model the surface reflectance. We iteratively find the shape and reflectance parameters that best fit all input images. Subdividing triangles in the mesh into smaller ones gradually refines the estimates of shape and reflectance model. The estimation takes into account both self-occlusion and self-shadowing. Analysis shows that the accuracy of reflectance estimation is limited by the triangle size in the shape model. We also propose to use Richardson extrapolation to overcome this and further refine the reflectance model estimate. The estimated 3D shape and reflectance model can be used to render the same object from different viewing directions and under different lighting conditions. Experimental results on both synthetic and real objects are given.
Aging and Gene Expression in the Primate Brain (2005)

It is well established that gene expression levels in many organisms change during the aging process, and the advent of DNA microarrays has allowed genome-wide patterns of transcriptional changes associated with aging to be studied in both model organisms and various human tissues. Understanding the effects of aging on gene expression in the human brain is of particular interest, because of its relation to both normal and pathological neurodegeneration. Here we show that human cerebral cortex, human cerebellum, and chimpanzee cortex each undergo different patterns of age-related gene expression alterations. In humans, many more genes undergo consistent expression changes in the cortex than in the cerebellum; in chimpanzees, many genes change expression with age in cortex, but the pattern of changes in expression bears almost no resemblance to that of human cortex. These results demonstrate the diversity of aging patterns present within the human brain, as well as how rapidly genome-wide patterns of aging can evolve between species; they may also have implications for the oxidative free radical theory of aging, and help to improve our understanding of human neurodegenerative diseases.
The Viologens: Physicochemical Properties, Synthesis and Applications of the Salts of 4,4'-Bipyridine (1998)

Introduction and Overview. Synthesis of Viologens. Spectroscopic Properties of Viologen Species. The Structure of Bipyridilium Species. The Dication: Charge-transfer Equilibria. The Radical Cation: Dimer Formation. The Di-Reduced Bipyridilium Species: The Comproportionation Reaction. Adsorption of the Viologens. Electrochemistry and Electron-transfer Reactions. Photochemistry of the Viologens and Solar-energy Conversion. Electron Mediation, Herbicidal Activity and Toxicity. Electrochromism in Viologen-based Systems. Solid-state Conductivity and use of Viologens in Molecular Electronics. Supramolecular and Self Assembly Chemistry of the Viologens. Indexes.
Compact projection: Simple and efficient near neighbor search with practical memory requirements (2010)

Image similarity search is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Efficient similarity search across large image databases depends critically on the availability of compact image representations and good data structures for indexing them. Numerous approaches to the problem of generating and indexing image codes have been presented in the literature, but existing schemes generally lack explicit estimates of the number of bits needed to effectively index a given large image database. We present a very simple algorithm for generating compact binary representations of imagery data, based on random projections. Our analysis gives the first explicit bound on the number of bits needed to effectively solve the indexing problem. When applied to real image search tasks, these theoretical improvements translate into practical performance gains: experimental results show that the new method, while using significantly less memory, is several times faster than existing alternatives.
Modeling of Apparent Activation Energy and Lifetime Estimation for Retention of 3D SGVC Memory (2019)

The retention of 3D NAND with single-gate vertical channel (SGVC) architecture is investigated in various temperatures. The dominated mechanisms include electron and hole discharging in the nitride storage layer and cap layer of blocking oxide respectively. The retention behavior of both electron and hole are well modeled by a simple and analytical stretched exponential form with different activation energy. Although the formula doesn't follow Arrhenius law with constant activation energy, the apparent activation energy, defined for a specific lifetime condition, is useful to calculate acceleration factor and define qualification conditions for retention.
An Empirical Study on Factors Impacting Bug Fixing Time (2012)

Fixing bugs is an important activity of the software development process. A typical process of bug fixing consists of the following steps: 1) a user files a bug report, 2) the bug is assigned to a developer, 3) the developer fixes the bug, 4) changed code is reviewed and verified, and 5) the bug is resolved. Many studies have investigated the process of bug fixing. However, to the best of our knowledge, none has explicitly analyzed the interval between bug assignment and the time when bug fixing starts. After a bug assignment, some developers will immediately start fixing the bug while others will start bug fixing after a long period. We are blind on developer's delays when fixing bugs. This paper explores such delays of developers through an empirical study on three open source software systems. We examine factors affecting bug fixing time along three dimensions: bug reports, source code involved in the fix, and code changes that are required to fix the bug. We further compare different factors by descriptive logistic regression models. Our results can help development teams better understand factors behind delays, and then improve bug fixing process.
Water–ice phase transition probed by Raman spectroscopy (2011)

Abstract Raman spectroscopy was used to study the liquid–solid water phase transition. Special attention was devoted to the OHstretching band of the Raman spectrum, which shows monotonous changes in the temperature range between 10 and − 15 °C. The interpretation of this spectral change, as well as a careful analysis of its integrated scattered intensity, led to a spectral marker that allows the determination of the water phase (liquid or solid), and the efficient identification of the liquid–solid phase transition itself. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sacrifices of Raw, Cooked and Burnt Humans (2000)

Abstract Sacrifice is a ritual practice including funerals. Rituals teach people to believe in cultural principles by creating experiences in which they can be apprehended, and therefore rituals produce social order by producing conceptual order. The supreme metaphoric symbol is the human victim. Beyond human sacrifice remains only the sacrificer's own death. The dead humans can be seen as gifts to the gods. There are at least three modes of preparation of the corpse for the gods: it can be sacrificed raw, cooked or burnt. Cremation as a heat-mediated transformation renders possible at least two ways of preparing the corpse. The cremated ones may either be cooked or burnt. The deceased are prepared in various ways to become edible meals for the deities. The humans are as a banqueting sacrifice returned to their land of origin. Social control is defined by hierarchically ordered powers determining who can be sacrificed and in what manner the sacrifice can be made. In this sacrificial practice the whole cosmological world is incorporated in the resurrection of the society, legitimated by the gods through their consumption of a holy meal.
Plasma Exchange Ineffective in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (1980)

The effectiveness of plasma exchange in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was tested in four patients. Electromyography (EMG) and clinical examinations were carried out before, during, and after the treatment. The EMG data showed a progressive unaffected motor neuronal decay. Clinically the course of the disease was not dissimilar to that usually encountered, although a momentary improvement was observed in two patients after the first procedure. Plasma exchange appears to be of no value in treating ALS.
Stability of lyotropic phases with curved interfaces (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability of lyotropic phases with curved interfacesSol M. GrunerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 22, 7562–7570Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100359a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100359a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views763Altmetric-Citations326LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The string edit distance matching problem with moves (2002)

The edit distance between two strings S and R is defined to be the minimum number of character inserts, deletes and changes needed to convert R to S. Given a text string t of length n, and a pattern string p of length m, informally, the string edit distance matching problem is to compute the smallest edit distance between p and substrings of t. A well known dynamic programming algorithm takes time O(nm) to solve this problem, and it is an important open problem in Combinatorial Pattern Matching to significantly improve this bound.We relax the problem so that (a) we allow an additional operation, namely, substring moves, and (b) we approximate the string edit distance upto a factor of O(log n log*n). Our result is a near linear time deterministic algorithm for this version of the problem. This is the first known significantly subquadratic algorithm for a string edit distance problem in which the distance involves nontrivial alignments. Our results are obtained by embedding strings into L1 vector space using a simplified parsing technique we call Edit Sensitive Parsing (ESP). This embedding is approximately distance preserving, and we show many applications of this embedding to string proximity problems including nearest neighbors, outliers, and streaming computations with strings.
The NIH Human Microbiome Project (2009)

The Human Microbiome Project (HMP), funded as an initiative of the NIH Roadmap for Biomedical Research (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov), is a multi-component community resource. The goals of the HMP are: (1) to take advantage of new, high-throughput technologies to characterize the human microbiome more fully by studying samples from multiple body sites from each of at least 250 "normal" volunteers; (2) to determine whether there are associations between changes in the microbiome and health/disease by studying several different medical conditions; and (3) to provide both a standardized data resource and new technological approaches to enable such studies to be undertaken broadly in the scientific community. The ethical, legal, and social implications of such research are being systematically studied as well. The ultimate objective of the HMP is to demonstrate that there are opportunities to improve human health through monitoring or manipulation of the human microbiome. The history and implementation of this new program are described here.
Fast Automatic Segmentation of Nuclei in Microscopy Images of Tissue Sections (2005)

In this paper, we present a segmentation method for nuclei in microscopy images of tissue sections. The proposed method is completely automatic and performs well in the conflicting aims of speed efficiency, detection accuracy and shape fitting. It proposes an efficient alternative to existing methods ([1], [4]), in achieving the three main usual segmentation steps: (i) background extraction, (ii) seed finding and (iii) seed growing. Eventually, some significant results are depicted and discussed.
Ischemia impairs liver regeneration after major tissue loss in rodents: Protective effects of interleukin-6 (1999)

The effects of ischemia on the regenerative capacity of the liver after major tissue loss remain unclear. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been shown to confer protection in models of normothermic ischemia and reperfusion injury and to initiate hepatocyte proliferation after major hepatectomy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ischemia on the regenerative capacity of the liver and evaluated the role of IL-6 in reducing reperfusion injury and enhancing hepatic proliferation in models combining ischemia and major hepatectomy. Rats subjected to 70% hepatectomy and 30 minutes of hepatic ischemia showed significantly reduced regenerative capacity (mitotic index, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and regenerated liver weight) when compared with animals subjected to hepatectomy alone. Pretreatment of animals subjected to hepatectomy and ischemia with recombinant interleukin-6 (rIL-6) completely restored each parameter of regeneration to levels comparable with those of animals subjected to hepatectomy only. Similar results were obtained in IL-6 deficient (IL-6(-/-)) mice. IL-6(-/-) mice exposed to ischemia and hepatectomy showed impaired hepatic regeneration when compared with wild-type mice subjected to the same experimental conditions. The use of rIL-6 completely corrected each parameter of regeneration showing the specificity of IL-6 in this type of injury. The impact of IL-6 on animal survival was studied in a model combining 45 minutes of ischemia and 68% hepatectomy. Five of 7 (71%) animals pretreated with rIL-6 survived permanently, whereas all control animals died within 3 days of surgery (P =.02, Fisher's exact test). In conclusion, the study shows that ischemia dramatically impairs the regenerative capacity of the liver. IL-6 appears to be a key protective molecule in reducing injury and promoting regeneration following combined ischemia and major tissue loss.
Low-Temperature Metallic Alloying of Copper and Silver Nanoparticles with Gold Nanoparticles through Digestive Ripening (2006)

We describe a remarkable and simple alloying procedure in which noble metal intermetallic nanoparticles are produced in gram quantities via digestive ripening. This process involves mixing of separately prepared colloids of pure Au and pure Ag or Cu particles and then heating in the presence of an alkanethiol under reflux. The result after 1 h is alloy nanoparticles. Particles synthesized according to this procedure were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, EDX analysis, and high-resolution electron microscopy, the results of which confirm the formation of alloy particles. The particles of 5.6+/-0.5 nm diameter for Au/Ag and 4.8+/-1.0 nm diameter for Cu/Au undergo facile self-assembly to form 3-D superlattice ordering. It appears that during this digestive ripening process, the organic ligands display an extraordinary chemistry in which atom transfer between atomically pure copper, silver, and gold metal nanoparticles yields monodisperse alloy nanoparticles.
Clock recovery circuits up to 20 Gbit/s for optical transmission systems (2002)

Various clock recovery circuits (CRCs) for optical transmission systems were developed in the last few years for bit rates from 5 to 20 Gbit/s. In all cases as a first solution passive CRCs were applied for new systems with higher bit rates. Later on they were replaced by monolithic integrated circuits with phase locked loops (PLLs), if realizable. At present passive CRCs are still used at 10 and 20 Gbit/s while PLLs based on integrated circuits are available for 5 and 10 Gbit/s. The first developed monolithic integrated circuit was a phase/frequency detector working up to 8 Gbit/s, the second one is a complete data regenerator including the VCO and applicable for more than 10 Gbit/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Rural Banditary on IFAD-CASP Participating Crop Producer (2022)

he research study analyzed the effect of rural banditry on IFAD-CASP participating crop farmers in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Interview schedule was used to collect data from 360 respondents that were selected for the study. A multi stage and simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents. Descriptive statistical tools (mean, percentages, frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (logic regression analysis, paired sample T-test and Spearman`s correlation coefficient) were used for data analysis. The results of the study reveals that majority of the respondents were married with an average household size of 8 persons and income level of less than N 20,000/month. Most of the respondents (50%) indicate that the conflict is very severe resulting to great economic, physical and social effects on the respondents. The results of ranking of effect of rural banditry on IFAD-CASP in the study area, indicates poor participation, increased rural poverty, poor supervision of programme, poor economic growth and poor information dissemination were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th respectively. It could be concluded that rural banditry poses poor economic growth, increased rural poverty, poor participation, and poor programme implementation and induces fear and uncertainty. The study therefore, recommend that urgent provision of adequate security personnel to Mann the porous borders, prompt enrollment of the vulnerable into government social investment programmes, organize training/seminars for peace building purpose and also government should register all mining site and their activities properly monitored.
<i>CHEK2</i><b><sup>∗</sup></b>1100delC Mutation and Risk of Prostate Cancer (2014)

Although the causes of prostate cancer are largely unknown, previous studies support the role of genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer. CHEK2 plays a critical role in DNA replication by responding to double-stranded breaks. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of a genetic variant, 1100delC, of CHEK2 on prostate cancer risk and discuss the implication for potential translation of this knowledge into clinical practice. Currently, twelve articles that discussed CHEK2 (∗)1100delC and its association with prostate cancer were identified. Of the twelve prostate cancer studies, five studies had independent data to draw conclusive evidence from. The pooled results of OR and 95% CI were 1.98 (1.23-3.18) for unselected cases and 3.39 (1.78-6.47) for familial cases, indicating that CHEK2 (∗)1100delC mutation is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Screening for CHEK2(∗)1100delC should be considered in men with a familial history of prostate cancer.