gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effector T Cells and Ischemia-Induced Systemic Angiogenesis in the Lung (2015)

Lymphocytes have been shown to modulate angiogenesis. Our previous work showed that T regulatory (Treg) cell depletion prevented angiogenesis. In the present study, we sought to examine T-cell populations during lung angiogenesis and subsequent angiostasis. In a mouse model of ischemia-induced systemic angiogenesis in the lung, we examined the time course (0-35 d) of neovascularization and T-cell phenotypes within the lung after left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL). T cells increased and reached a maximum by 10 days after LPAL and then progressively decreased, suggestive of a modulatory role during the early phase of new vessel growth. Because others have shown IFN-γ to be angiostatic in tumor models, we focused on this effector T-cell cytokine to control the magnitude of angiogenesis. Results showed that IFN-γ protein is secreted at low levels after LPAL and that mice required Treg depletion to see the full effect of effector T cells. Using Foxp3(DTR) and diphtheria toxin to deplete T regulatory cells, increased numbers of effector T cells (CD8(+)) and/or increased capacity to secrete the prominent angiostatic cytokine IFN-γ (CD4(+)) were seen. In vitro culture of mouse systemic and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells with IFN-γ showed increased endothelial cell apoptosis. CD8(-/-) mice and IFN-γR(-/-) mice showed enhanced angiogenesis compared with wild-type mice, confirming that, in this model, IFN-γ limits the extent of systemic neovascularization in the lung.
The stance of South African trade : agribusiness update (2016)

South African trade with the rest of the world has been making news headlines over the past months. The reasons for these headlines vary from the struggle to reach an agreement with the United States (US) regarding the African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) to the poor performance of the local balance of trade. Agoa and the trade balance are, however, only small pieces in the larger trade puzzle that South Africa is involved in, and it is thus necessary to take a look at the bigger picture to fully grasp the effect of these factors.
P-45 Optimal Design of Selection Valve by Design of Experiment (2007)

The cast iron selection valve is operated using either the manual or automatic method in fire suppression systems (FSS). A fire suppression system should discharge more than 90% of the charged fire suppression agent within 10 seconds, with piping distance being as long as possible. Therefore, pressure loss becomes one of the important factors to consider. The valve is generally designed by a theoretical formula used in fluid dynamics and trial and error. However, using the simplified formula, pressure loss within the valve is difficult to express directly. In the experiment, the effect of design variables on the fluid flow in fire suppression systems is difficult to directly verify. Design variables are mainly selected among total length, total height, body width, inner diameter, body fillet radius and fillet radius of the spindle. Therefore, the main variables were selected using a DOE (Design of Experiment) and FVM (Finite Volume Method). Furthermore, optimal value to minimizing pressure loss in fire suppression systems was discovered using the DOE and FVM in detail. In order to verify the value selected in the analytical method, a new selection valve with optimal value and conventional selection valve with old dimensions was compared in terms of pressure loss in fire suppression systems.
Design of Message Passing Engine Based on Processing Node Status for MPI Collective Communication (2012)

본 논문은 MPI 집합 통신 함수가 처리 레벨 (transaction level) 에서 변환된다는 가정 하에 MPI 집합 통신 중 방송 (Broadcast), 확산 (Scatter), 취합 (Gather) 함수를 최적화한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또한 제안하는 알고리즘이 구동되는 MPI 전용 하드웨어 엔진을 설계하였으며, 이를 OCC-MPE (Optimized Collective Communication - Message Passing Engine) 라 명명하였다. OCC-MPE는 표준 송신 모드 (standard send mode)로 점대점 통신 (point-to-point communication) 을 하며, 집합 통신 중 가장 빈번하게 사용되는 방송, 취합, 확산을 제안하는 알고리즘에 의해 전송 순서를 결정한 후 통신하여 전체 통신 완료 시간을 단축시켰다. 제안한 알고리즘들의 성능을 측정하기 위하여 OCC-MPE를 SystemC 기반의 BFM(Bus Functional Model)을 제작하였다. SystemC 기반의 시뮬레이터를 통한 성능 평가 후에 VerilogHDL을 사용하여 제안하는 OCC-MPE를 포함한 MPSoC (Multi-Processor System on a Chip)를 설계하였다. TSMC 0.18 공정으로 합성한 결과 프로세싱 노드가 4개일 때 각 OCC-MPE가 차지하는 면적은 약 1978.95 이었다. 이는 전체 시스템에서 약 4.15%를 차지하므로 비교적 작은 면적을 차지함을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 OCC-MPE를 MPSoC에 내장하면, 비교적 작은 하드웨어 자원의 추가로 높은 성능향상을 얻을 수 있다. In this paper, on the assumption that MPI collective communication function is converted into a group of point-to-point communication functions in the transaction level, an algorithm that optimizes broadcast, scatter and gather function among MPI collective communication is proposed. The MPI hardware engine that operates the proposed algorithm was designed, and it was named the OCC-MPE (Optimized Collective Communication Message Passing Engine). The OCC-MPE operates point-to-point communication by using the standard send mode. The transmission order is arranged according to the algorithm that proposes the most frequently used broadcast, scatter and gather functions among the collective communications, so the whole communication time is reduced. To measure the performance of the proposed algorithm, the OCC-MPE with the Bus Functional Model (BFM) based on SystemC was designed. After evaluating the performance through the BFM based on SystemC, the proposed OCC-MPE is designed by using VerilogHDL. As a result of synthesizing with the TSMC <TEX>$0.18{\mu}m$</TEX>, the gate count of each OCC-MPE is approximately 1978.95 with four processing nodes. That occupies approximately 4.15% in the whole system, which means it takes up a relatively small amount. Improved performance is expected with relatively small amounts of area increase if the OCC-MPE operated by the proposed algorithm is added to the MPSoC (Multi-Processor System on a Chip).
Widening the dynamic range of the readout integration circuit for uncooled microbolometer infrared sensors (2004)

A simple and robust technique for widening the dynamic range (DR) of the readout circuits for uncooled microbolometer arrays is presented. The proposed method allows reducing the number of bits required for microbolometers nonuniformities compensation, significantly reducing the complexity of the pre-integration compensation circuitry. Applying the proposed technique results in reduced memory size and smaller area occupied by the circuits. In this proposed solution regular readout circuits can be used, and additional hardware is placed in the periphery, without affecting spatial and temporal resolution. System architecture and operation are discussed and an analytic analysis is presented.
Assessing the user experience when using mobile augmented reality in advertising (2014)

Facing huge profits brought by applying augmented reality (AR) to advertising on mobile devices, this study investigated the user experience from four dimensions as emotional, instrumental, motivational and social experience when using AR as an advertising tool. It aims to help designers understand that how the user experience emerges during the use of AR advertising tool. In addition, providing some design suggestions to AR designer. Eighteen participants were recruited and the data were collected through observation and interviews. According to the results, users evaluated their emotional experience higher than the other three dimensions. The AR's value in building brand awareness was more effective than persuading users to buy a product. Social functions were advised by users but should be more diverse than just share function. Participants hoped to see how creatively and widely AR can be used in future. Results also indicated that novice and experienced AR users evaluate this AR advertising tool differently, which could be a future direction for this research. Finally, suggestions are provided to AR developers on three categories: contents and interface, interaction and functionality.
Synthesis and flame-retardant properties of phosphorus-containing polymers based on poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (1996)

Phosphorus-containing polystyrene was obtained through incorporating phosphate groups onto poly(4-hydroxystyrene). This was achieved by esterification with diethylchlorophosphate. The phosphorylation was confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR analysis. By varying the feeding ratios of the reactants, the phosphorus content in the polymers could be successfully tailored and gave values of 12.8 to 4.9% by weight. This was further corroborated by elemental analysis. Thermal characteristics and temporal stability of the phosphorylated polymers were evaluated by DSC and TGA. High char yields (64% by weight) and LOI values of 41 were found for these polymers. Such properties make these polymers useful in flame retardants. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deep learning enables sleep staging from photoplethysmogram for patients with suspected sleep apnea (2020)

The PPG-based deep learning model enabled accurate estimation of sleep time and differentiation between sleep stages with a moderate agreement to manual EEG-based scoring. As PPG is already included in ambulatory polygraphic recordings, applying the PPG-based sleep staging could improve their diagnostic value by enabling simple, low-cost, and reliable monitoring of sleep and help assess otherwise overlooked conditions such as REM-related OSA.
HTLV-1, the Other Pathogenic Yet Neglected Human Retrovirus: From Transmission to Therapeutic Treatment (2017)

Going back to their discovery in the early 1980s, both the Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) greatly fascinated the virology scene, not only because they were the first human retroviruses discovered, but also because they were associated with fatal diseases in the human population. In almost four decades of scientific research, both viruses have had different fates, HTLV-1 being often upstaged by HIV-1. However, although being very close in terms of genome organization, cellular tropism, and viral replication, HIV-1 and HTLV-1 are not completely commutable in terms of treatment, especially because of the opposite fate of the cells they infect: death versus immortalization, respectively. Nowadays, the antiretroviral therapies developed to treat HIV-1 infected individuals and to limit HIV-1 spread among the human population have a poor or no effect on HTLV-1 infected individuals, and thus, do not prevent the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases, which still lack highly efficient treatments. The present review mainly focuses on the course of HTLV-1 infection, from the initial infection of the host to diseases development and associated treatments, but also investigates HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infection events and their impact on diseases development.
Straight projection conflict detection and cooperative avoidance for autonomous unmanned aircraft systems (2009)

Flying multiple unmanned aircraft in the same airspace and instances or operating these aircraft in commercial airspace increases the likelihood of collisions. To facilitate the continuing growth of air traffic and the request for more operational flexibility a more advanced form of collision avoidance will be required. This paper, addresses the problem of solving conflicts raised between unmanned aircraft that are assumed to fly in same airspace and instances. In this framework, a new functional architecture for unmanned aircraft collision avoidance system is developed together with an algorithm utilized for deciding the collision criteria upon nominal state projection in the near future and sending the avoidance to the flight onboard computer based on heading and speed changes maneuvering. The collision avoidance system will allow each aircraft to negotiate with each another to determine a safe and acceptable solution when potential conflict is detected. The proposed approach uses cooperative, peer to peer negotiation technique in order to efficiently resolve air traffic conflicts.
SAW-correlator module for spread-spectrum DPSK asynchronous demodulation (2002)

Details of the design and performance of a SAW (surface acoustic wave) correlator module for the demodulation of a direct sequence DPSK (differential phase shift keying) modulated spread-spectrum signal are presented. In contrast to convolver solutions, neither reference code nor synchronization is needed. This leads to a low system complexity and a high electromagnetic interference immunity. The module consists of two parallel SAW correlators on one chip. The preprocessed correlator outputs allow easy detection of the data bits. The cross-correlation time-sidelobes are minimized by additional taps and appropriate weighting. A bandpass-function with sharp cutoff is integrated in the correlators without degrading demodulation performance. The center frequency is 217 MHz, the chip-rate is 25.75 Mchip/s, and the data rate is 250 kb/s. Multipaths up to 4 mu s are suppressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The future of UAVs in ecology: an insider perspective from the Silicon Valley drone industry (2016)

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Effect of monovalent cation-induced telomeric DNA structure on the binding of Oxytricha telomeric protein (1990)

Oligonucleotides bearing 4 repeats of telomeric deoxyguanosine-rich sequence undergo a monovalent cation-induced transition to a folded conformation with G-G base pairs, modeled as a 'G-quartet' structure. We have now deduced the rates of folding and unfolding of d(TTTTGGGG)4, which has four repeats of the Oxytricha telomeric DNA sequence. The estimated average values of delta G for the folded form at 37 degrees C are -2.2 kcal/mol and -4.7 kcal/mol in 50 mM na+ and K+, respectively. The fully folded DNA is not recognized by the Oxytricha telomere-binding protein; the substrate for protein binding has properties consistent with its being partly or fully unfolded. In confirmation of this conclusion, prevention of DNA folding by methylation enables the protein to bind as rapidly in the presence of monovalent cations as in their absence. The slow unfolding (t1/2 = 4 hr and 18 hr at 37 degrees C in Na+ and K+, respectively) of the DNA suggests that such structures would be long-lived if they formed in vivo, unless they can be actively unfolded. The inability of the telomere-binding protein to bind the stable, folded form of the 4-repeat telomeric sequence is a problem that may be circumvented in vivo by avoiding four single-stranded repeats.
Performance of the Terrestrial Power Generation Plant Using the Alkali Metal Thermo-Electric Conversion (AMTEC) (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Alkali Metel Thermo - Electric Conversion (AMTEC) technology is one of the candidates to realize the high performance power generation plant using the various kind of thermal energy. For the terrestrial application of the AMTEC, various types of power generation systems are considered to be adaptable.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, we present the conceptual design of the AMTEC module that is adaptable for the above terrestrial power plant, and the results of basic evaluation of the thermal performance of the AMTEC.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">On the basis of the above results, we evaluate the performance of three types of power generation plants. They are the simple AMTEC plant, the combined plant with the steam turbine and the combined plant with the Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC). It is shown that the thermal efficiency of the combined plant with the SOFC is expected to be over 60%, even if the thermal efficiency of the simple AMTEC system is about 37%.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is shown that the AMTEC - SOFC combined cycle power generation plant can actualized the considerably high thermal efficiency, and is one of the best solution in utilizing the terrestrial power generation plant of the AMTEC.</div>
Differential inhibition of metabolite amyloid formation by generic fibrillation-modifying polyphenols (2018)

Abstract The formation of ordered amyloid fibrils by proteins and polypeptides is associated with human disorders. A recent extension of the amyloidogenic building block family includes several small metabolites, which form assemblies with structural and functional similarities to well-established amyloids. Here we investigate whether generic amyloid polyphenolic inhibitors can also restrict the formation of metabolite fibrils. We reveal that epigallocatechin gallate and tannic acid inhibit amyloid-like fibrillation of adenine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. Moreover, the compounds reduce the cytotoxicity triggered by these assemblies. In contrast, acetylsalicylic acid, used as a control does not have an inhibitory effect. The compounds’ differential effects at various time points is consistent with molecular dynamics simulations, providing information about the inhibition mechanisms and inhibitors’ key interactions with the monomeric and subsequent crystalline fibril states. Taken together, we provide additional evidence for the fundamental similarities between protein- and metabolite-based amyloids, the inhibition process and dynamics of association.
A regulatory network controls nephrocan expression and midgut patterning (2014)

Although many regulatory networks involved in defining definitive endoderm have been identified, the mechanisms through which these networks interact to pattern the endoderm are less well understood. To explore the mechanisms involved in midgut patterning, we dissected the transcriptional regulatory elements of nephrocan (Nepn), the earliest known midgut specific gene in mice. We observed that Nepn expression is dramatically reduced in Sox17(-/-) and Raldh2(-/-) embryos compared with wild-type embryos. We further show that Nepn is directly regulated by Sox17 and the retinoic acid (RA) receptor via two enhancer elements located upstream of the gene. Moreover, Nepn expression is modulated by Activin signaling, with high levels inhibiting and low levels enhancing RA-dependent expression. In Foxh1(-/-) embryos in which Nodal signaling is reduced, the Nepn expression domain is expanded into the anterior gut region, confirming that Nodal signaling can modulate its expression in vivo. Together, Sox17 is required for Nepn expression in the definitive endoderm, while RA signaling restricts expression to the midgut region. A balance of Nodal/Activin signaling regulates the anterior boundary of the midgut expression domain.
Influence of a Spirulina platensis Biomass on the Microflora of Fermented ABT Milks During Storage (R1) (2002)

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of a cyanobacterial (Spirulina platensis) biomass on the microflora of a probiotic fermented dairy product during storage at two temperatures. Spirulina-enriched and control (plain) fermented acidophilus-bifidus-thermophilus (ABT) milks were produced using a fast fermentation starter culture (ABT-4) as the source of Lactobacillus acidophilus (A), bifidobacteria (B), and Streptococcus thermophilus (T). Incubation took 6 h at 40 degrees C. As for the cyanobacterial product, the S. platensis biomass was added to the process milk during stirring at pH 4.5 to 4.6. Thereafter, the ABT-type fermented milks were cooled to 25 degrees C in ice water, filled into sterile, tightly capped centrifuge tubes, further cooled at 4 degrees C for 24 h, and then stored either at 15 degrees C for 18 d or at 4 degrees C for 42 d. Microbiological analyses and acidity measurements were performed at regular intervals. Our results showed that the counts of the starter organisms were satisfactory during the entire storage period at both temperatures applied in this research. The S. platensis biomass had a beneficial effect on the survival of ABT starter bacteria regardless of storage temperature. Postacidification was observed at 15 degrees C, whereas pH remained stable during refrigerated storage at 4 degrees C. The abundance of bioactive substances in S. platensis is of great importance from a nutritional point of view because thus the cyanobacterial biomass provides a new opportunity for the manufacture of functional dairy foods.
Clinical pharmacologic considerations for the phase II/III dose/regimen of the investigational Aurora A kinase (AAK) inhibitor MLN8237 (alisertib): Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and exposure-safety relationships. (2012)

2597 Background: MLN8237, an oral selective AAK inhibitor, is primarily metabolized by multiple glucuronidation enzymes including the polymorphic UGT1A1. Phase 1 studies included comprehensive PK and PD sampling. We report integrated PK, PD, and PK-safety analyses in support of dose/regimen selection for phase 2/3 studies. Methods: Phase 1 studies in adults with advanced cancers evaluated dosing on d 1-7 in 21-d cycles or d 1-21 in 35-d cycles. Data from 294 patients in 4 phase 1 and 2 phase 2 studies contributed to population PK modeling. PD endpoints included mitotic index (MI) in skin and chromosome alignment and spindle bipolarity (CA/SB) in mitotic tumor cells. Logistic regression analyses evaluated relationships between MLN8237 PK parameters and DLTs (N=86) or CNS adverse events (AEs; n=134) in 2 phase 1 studies. Results: MLN8237 displayed dose-linear PK (5-200 mg/d), described by a 2-compartment model with first order absorption. Covariate analyses did not reveal significant effects of age, body size, sex, UGT1A1 genotype, or creatinine clearance (≥30 mL/min). Exposure-related increases in skin MI and decreases in CA/SB in tumor mitotic cells confirmed AAK inhibition by MLN8237. At the MTD of 50 mg BID (d 1-7 dosing) geometric mean steady-state exposures (48,200 nM.hr) were comparable to those associated with ≥50% CA/SB reductions in mitotic tumor cells (57,300 nM.hr). Exposures at the 21-d MTD (QD dosing) were lower, favoring 50 mg BID (d 1-7 dosing) for further development. At 50 mg BID (d 1-7 dosing) logistic regression relating MLN8237 AUC to DLT rate estimated a DLT probability of 8% (95% CI 3-20%). Similar analyses identified C max rather than AUC as the predictor of CNS AEs, supporting BID dosing in adults to reduce peak concentrations while preserving total systemic exposure. Conclusions: MLN8237 exhibits dose-linear PK independent of age, body size, mild or moderate renal impairment, or UGT1A1*28 polymorphism. Exposures achieved at or near 50 mg BID are expected to result in tumor AAK inhibition, supporting a pharmacologically active dose range for future clinical development.
Glucocorticoids: Extensive physiological actions modulated through multiple mechanisms of gene regulation (2010)

Glucocorticoid hormones are important regulators of several physiological processes. Despite having been initially named based on their role in glucose metabolism, glucocorticoids are also fundamental in the regulation of developmental, metabolic, and neurobiological processes, as well as several other biological functions. Due to their involvement in a diverse array of biological pathways, its wide spectrum of action, it is predicted that a wide range of genes may have their expression regulated by the activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In fact, it has been demonstrated that in addition to the regulation of several effectors genes, the expression of the gene encoding for GR itself is regulated by physiological stimuli and fine-tuning mechanisms. Importantly, such generalized effector responses and fine-tuning responses seem to be largely mediated by mechanisms of gene regulation. Therefore, this review aims to describe the mechanisms of gene regulation by glucocorticoid hormones, which are capable of regulating differential gene transcription, within a physiological context. From this discussion, we hope to shed light on how a single molecule that is capable of exerting such divergent effects is also capable of promoting such distinct responses in different target tissues.