gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin-Based Sperm Assay for the Diagnosis of Male Factor Infertility (2001)

Sperm morphology is correlated with fertility in men, yet the existing, subjective sperm morphology assays provide only a limited insight into patients' infertility. Here, we provide the experimental background for a new, objective and automated semen assay, based on the cross-reactivity of defective human spermatozoa with antibodies against a proteolytic marker peptide, ubiquitin. Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, we screened the spermatozoa from 17 infertility patients and two fertile donors for their cross-reactivity with anti-ubiquitin antibodies. Thirteen out of 17 patients, but neither of two fertile donors, displayed an increased binding of anti-ubiquitin antibodies to sperm surface, that reflected the occurrence of abnormalities in these samples and was corroborated by available clinical data. Highest correlation coefficient (r = -0.432) was obtained with the cleavage rate after IVF. The contribution of male factor was revealed in several couples previously diagnosed with idiopathic infertility. Ubiquitin-cross-reactive sperm-surface proteins thus seem to be a universal marker of semen abnormalities, including sperm head and tail defects and semen contaminants such as spermatids, leukocytes and cellular debris. We propose that the sperm-ubiquitin tag immunoassay (SUTI) may be a valuable diagnostic tool in treatment of male factor and idiopathic infertility.
How Anti-Juvenile Hormones Work (1981)

SYNOPSIS. TWO compounds which possess anti-juvenile hormone activity in insects have been isolated and identified from the plant Ageratum houstonianum. These compounds, called precocenes, have been shown to inhibit the development of the insect corpus allatum (CA) and/or destroy the CA in sensitive species. The action of the precocenes can be seen to affect only those CA which are actively synthesizing and secreting the juvenile hormone. Structure-optimization studies of the precocenes reveal that the 3,4-double bond must be present and unsubstituted for biological activity to occur. In vivo and in vitro studies reveal that the precocenes are very probably converted into reactive epoxides which undergo facile reaction with nucleophiles since histological examination of precocene-inactivated CAs indicate a direct cytotoxic action of the precocenes on the parenchymal cells of the CA. The most likely mode of action would appear to involve the alkylation of macromolecular cellular elements by a reactive epoxide or similar activated precocene intermediate.
Portable, low-cost medical ultrasound device prototype (2005)

The first generation prototype of a portable, low-cost medical ultrasound device is described along with experimental results. The prototype system consists of a fully sampled 2D transducer array, sixteen custom receive circuitry chips multiplexed into two bandpass filter channels, and an onboard programmable logic device. A PC fitted with a commercially available data acquisition card is used for data collection and analysis. Beamforming is performed using the direct-sampled in-phase/quadrature method. Pulse-echo images obtained with the prototype are presented and future work is discussed.
Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Identifying Surgical Actions and Measuring Performance (2020)

The proposed models and the accompanying results illustrate that deep machine learning can identify associations in surgical video clips. These are the first steps to creating a feedback mechanism for surgeons that would allow them to learn from their experiences and refine their skills.
Simplified procedure for forming polymer-based ion-selective electrodes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimplified procedure for forming polymer-based ion-selective electrodesEric J. Fogt, Patrick T. Cahalan, Allan. Jevne, and Michelle A. SchwinghammerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 6, 1155–1157Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00283a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00283a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proportional Assist Ventilation: Results of an Initial Clinical Trial (1992)

The response to proportional assist ventilation (PAV) was tested in four normal subjects during heavy exercise and in five ventilator-dependent patients recovering from assorted medical disorders. The apparatus consisted of a rolling-seal piston coupled to a motor that generated pressure in proportion to inspired flow and inspired volume, with the gains adjusted such that the proportionality between airway pressure (Paw) and instantaneous patient-generated pressure (Pmus) was approximately 1:1 (i.e., machine-amplified patient effort by a factor of 2). Normal subjects responded to PAV by decreasing their own effort, as judged from esophageal pressure, such that the changes in ventilation and breathing pattern were rather small (VE: 64.8 +/- 3.6 during PAV versus 56.0 +/- 4.3, p less than 0.01; VT: 2.39 +/- 0.24 versus 2.02 +/- 0.17, p less than 0.05; f: 27.5 +/- 1.9 versus 28.0 +/- 2.2, NS). In patients, elastance ranged from 20 to 35 cm H2O cm/L, resistance ranged from 5 to 10 cm H2O/L/s, and maximal inspiratory pressure ranged from -16 to -65 cm H2O. After a period of observation during synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation (SIMV) the patient was switched to PAV and maintained on it for 1 to 3 h. No patient had to be replaced on SIMV because of discomfort or deterioration in any of the monitored variables. During PAV peak airway pressure was less than half the value observed with the IMV breaths (16.6 +/- 2.4 versus 35.4 +/- 3.4 cm H2O, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Automated scheduling of radar-cued camera system for optimizing visual inspection and detection of radar targets (2017)

A wide field-of-view and rapid response to threats are critical components of any surveillance system. Field of view is normally implemented by articulating a camera allowing it to swivel to pan and tilt, and actively zooming in on “interesting” locations. Since a single camera suffers from the “soda straw” problem, where only a small portion of the scene can be examined at any given time (leaving the rest of the scene unwatched), surveillance systems often employ a radar unit to direct the operator to likely targets. This provides direction to the search, but still poses a security risk, since potentially hazardous activities might be occurring in an unwatched portion of the field of view while the operator is investigating another incident (which can be either coincidentally or intentionally distracting). Today's systems all rely on a human operator to control the slewing of the camera to inspect the potential targets found by the radar. Automated schedulers have thus far been avoided by these systems, since it has always been assumed that the human would outperform the algorithm. This paper describes a method for automatic scheduling and control for a single or multi-camera radar-cued surveillance system that optimizes visual coverage and inspection of radar-detected-targets. The scheduling algorithm combines track life, track spatial density, and the camera slew angle and speed into a single metric to determine next slew and zoom of camera that maximizes the visual detection of all radar hits over a given period of time and can be run in real-time on a laptop or embedded hardware. The goal of this work is to enable the operator to visually inspect as many radar hits as possible over the course of the operator's shift.
Dendrimer-RNA nanoparticles generate protective immunity against lethal Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> challenges with a single dose (2016)

Vaccines have had broad medical impact, but existing vaccine technologies and production methods are limited in their ability to respond rapidly to evolving and emerging pathogens, or sudden outbreaks. Here, we develop a rapid-response, fully synthetic, single-dose, adjuvant-free dendrimer nanoparticle vaccine platform wherein antigens are encoded by encapsulated mRNA replicons. To our knowledge, this system is the first capable of generating protective immunity against a broad spectrum of lethal pathogen challenges, including H1N1 influenza, Toxoplasma gondii, and Ebola virus. The vaccine can be formed with multiple antigen-expressing replicons, and is capable of eliciting both CD8(+) T-cell and antibody responses. The ability to generate viable, contaminant-free vaccines within days, to single or multiple antigens, may have broad utility for a range of diseases.
Curing and Consolidation of Advanced Thermoset Composite Laminate Parts by Pressing Between a Heated Mold and Customized Rubber-Faced Mold (2011)

Curing and consolidating thermoset composite laminates and sandwich structures typically involves vacuum bagging an uncured and formed layup over a thin-walled mold, placing it in an autoclave, and subjecting the entire unit to temperature, vacuum, and pressure cycles as prescribed by the manufacturer. Autoclaving is generally considered the major bottleneck in manufacturing advanced composite parts because of high capital and consumable costs, energy usage, waste generated, and process scalability. A new curing and consolidation process called “thermal press curing” is presented and demonstrated as an alternative to autoclaving. The process involves compressing a composite laminate between a special mold set––a heated metal mold and a matching rubber-covered mold made of an insulative material––designed to provide uniform temperature and pressure over the metal mold surface, that is, mimic the process conditions provided by an autoclave. The thermal press curing process is demonstrated for the first time using a mold set for a simple two-dimensional axisymmetric shape. An aluminum curing mold with embedded electric resistance cartridge heaters is heuristically designed to provide uniform temperature in operation across the mold surface within 1°C of the target value (177°C). With the mold set compressing an eight-ply carbon/epoxy composite workpiece and well insulated on all sides, the power draw is at least one to two orders of magnitude less than a comparable autoclaving operation. The potential to significantly improve pressure uniformity from the compressed rubber mask is shown by changing the mask shape. Even without an optimized rubber layer shape and thickness, the eight-ply composite part was successfully cured. Finally, a plan for future work is described.
Two Degree-of-Freedom Fiber-Coupled Heterodyne Grating Interferometer with Milli-Radian Operating Range of Rotation (2019)

In the displacement measurement of the wafer stage in lithography machines, signal quality is affected by the relative angular position between the encoder head and the grating. In this study, a two-degree-of-freedom fiber-coupled heterodyne grating interferometer with large operating range of rotation is presented. Fibers without fiber couplers are utilized to receive the interference beams for high-contrast signals under the circumstances of large angular displacement and ZEMAX ray tracing software simulation and experimental validation have been carried out. Meanwhile, a reference beam generated inside the encoder head is adopted to suppress the thermal drift of the interferometer. Experimental results prove that the proposed grating interferometer could realize sub-nanometer displacement measurement stability in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions, which is 0.246 nm and 0.465 nm of 3σ value respectively within 30 s.
Titanium Silicate Porous Materials for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption: Synthesis Using a Structure Directing Agent, Detemplation and Inclusion of Alkaline Earth Metal Cations (2010)

A titanium silicate variant named UPRM-5 was prepared using tetraethylammonium hydroxide as a structure-directing agent (SDA). Characterization of the material by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques showed a homogeneous and crystalline solid powder phase, with unit cell dimensions of a = 6.8 Å, b = 11.7 Å, c = 13.4 Å, α = 102.9°, β = 92.8°, and γ = 91.1°. Successful detemplation was achieved via ion exchange with NH4Cl as evidenced by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy data. Effective functionalization was obtained after ion exchanging the detemplated material using SrCl2 and BaCl2. These ion exchanged variants were also characterized using XRD and porosimetry techniques. Thermal-vacuum activation of Sr-UPRM-5 at 90 °C resulted in a material with a surface area of ca. 240 m2/g, while activation at higher temperatures resulted in low surface areas and plausible structural distortion. On the other hand, the barium variant exhibited the best thermal stability, with an average surface area on the order of 250 m2/g after employing activation temperatures up to 180 °C. The differences in thermal stability may be a result of structurally coordinated water. Adsorption of CO2 at 25 °C in Sr- and Ba-UPRM-5 materials activated at different temperatures also co-corroborated the aforementioned thermal stability observations in addition to what appears to be cation relocation. Fitting of the CO2 adsorption data with the Dubinin−Astakhov model revealed a heterogeneous surface, which was corroborated by isosteric heats of adsorption estimated from the uptake data. For low partial pressures, the observed CO2 adsorption capacities increased as follows: NH4-UPRM-5 < Sr-UPRM-5 < Ba-UPRM-5. Both the Sr- and Ba-UPRM-5 materials exhibited outstanding selectivity for CO2 over CH4, N2, and O2.
Unmanned aerial system detection and assessment through temporal frequency analysis (2017)

There is a desire to detect and assess unmanned aerial systems (UAS) with a high probability of detection and low nuisance alarm rates in numerous fields of security. Currently available solutions rely upon exploiting electronic signals emitted from the UAS. While these methods may enable some degree of security, they fail to address the emerging domain of autonomous UAS that do not transmit or receive information during the course of a mission. We examine frequency analysis of pixel fluctuation over time to exploit the temporal frequency signature present in imagery data of UAS. This signature is present for autonomous or controlled multirotor UAS and allows for lower pixels-on-target detection. The methodology also acts as a method of assessment due to the distinct frequency signatures of UAS when examined against the standard nuisance alarms such as birds or non-UAS electronic signal emitters. The temporal frequency analysis method is paired with machine learning algorithms to demonstrate a UAS detection and assessment method that requires minimal human interaction. The use of the machine learning algorithm allows each necessary human assess to increase the likelihood of autonomous assessment, allowing for increased system performance over time.
Understanding optical end of line metrology (2000)

Optical end of line metrology (OELM) is a new method to measure relative line shortening effects using conventional optical overlay instruments. in this technique, a frame that has two adjacent sides that are constructed of lines and spaces is imaged onto a wafer. Since gratings below 0.5 ?m cannot be resolved using conventional optics, the alignment tool sees the sides composed of lines and spaces as solid edges. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the errors implicit with this approach. OELM results are compared with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) line shortening measurements, which showed that optical measurements exaggerated the physical effect. A simple aerial image analogy predicts that optical line shortening measurements are pitch and duty cycle dependent. OELM measurements require calibration as a function of pitch and line width.
CXCR4 and CD4 mediate a rapid CD95-independent cell death in CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells (1998)

AIDS is characterized by a progressive decrease of CD4(+) helper T lymphocytes. Destruction of these cells may involve programmed cell death, apoptosis. It has previously been reported that apoptosis can be induced even in noninfected cells by HIV-1 gp120 and anti-gp120 antibodies. HIV-1 gp120 binds to T cells via CD4 and the chemokine coreceptor CXCR4 (fusin/LESTR). Therefore, we investigated whether CD4 and CXCR4 mediate gp120-induced apoptosis. We used human peripheral blood lymphocytes, malignant T cells, and CD4/CXCR4 transfectants, and found cell death induced by both cell surface receptors, CD4 and CXCR4. The induced cell death was rapid, independent of known caspases, and lacking oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. In addition, the death signals were not propagated via p56(lck) and Gialpha. However, the cells showed chromatin condensation, morphological shrinkage, membrane inversion, and reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential indicative of apoptosis. Significantly, apoptosis was exclusively observed in CD4(+) but not in CD8(+) T cells, and apoptosis triggered via CXCR4 was inhibited by stromal cell-derived factor-1, the natural CXCR4 ligand. Thus, this mechanism of apoptosis might contribute to T cell depletion in AIDS and might have major implications for therapeutic intervention.
Phased cis-acting promoter elements interact at short distances to direct avian skeletal alpha-actin gene transcription. (1991)

Recently, site-directed mutagenesis uncovered four positive cis-acting elements in the 5' promoter region of the chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene that directs myogenic tissue-restricted expression. In this study, interactions between the four promoter sites were examined by means of a series of insertion mutations that increased the linker region between adjacent elements by roughly half or complete DNA helical turns. Unexpectedly, transcriptional activity for all three sets of linker mutants, as assayed with a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, was found to vary in a fashion resembling a damped sinusoid with a period of roughly 10 base pairs, where the sinusoidal maxima appeared when length was increased by half-integral number of helix turns. We present a model which states that in the undistorted wild-type 5' flanking sequence, linker domains position each of the four promoter sites on the helix face opposite that of its immediate neighbors; when any of the three linkers is increased by approximately a half-integral number of helix turns, pairs of neighboring promoter sites are brought into alignment. We propose that this is the required orientation for inducing skeletal muscle-specific promoter activity, achieved in the wild-type promoter as a result of protein-induced torsional deformation.
A Chaos-Modulated Dual Oscillator-Based Truly Random Number Generator (2007)

A novel random number generator (RNG) based on an autonomous continuous-time chaotic oscillator is presented. In the proposed RNG, dual oscillator architecture is used with the chaotic oscillator in order to increase the throughput and to maximize the statistical quality of the output sequence. Mathematical model of the proposed design has been developed, and it has been numerically verified that the generated bit streams passed the four basic tests of FIPS-140-2 test suite. Finally, we have also verified that the bit streams, obtained from the hardware realization of the circuit in the same way, passed the full NIST-800-22 test suite without post processing. Simulation and experimental results, verifying the feasibility of the circuit, are given. The proposed RNG can be realized in integrated circuit.
Phase Change Characteristics of SiO2 Doped Sb2Te3 Materials for Phase Change Memory Application (2011)

Phase change abilities of SiO2 doped Sb2Te3 phase change materials were systemically studied. Compared to pure Sb2Te3, crystallization temperature (TC ) is increased obviously (153°C), and phase change characteristics are remarkably improved.SiO2 doping will not cause oxidization of Sb and Te elements. The grain size of Sb2Te3 is restrained remarkably by amorphous SiO2. The average diameter of the Sb2Te3 particles is about 10 nm. The Set and Reset voltages for SiO2-Sb2Te3 based PCM cell are much lower than those of Ge2Sb2Te5 based PCM cell. Meanwhile, PCM cell using this material shows good endurance with cycles up to 3.5 × 106.
CAB (2014)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) enables flexible flow control by caching policy rules at OpenFlow switches. Compared with exact-match rule caching, wildcard rule caching can better preserve the flow table space at switches. However, one of the challenges for wildcard rule caching is the dependency between rules, which is generated by caching wildcard rules overlapped in field space with different priorities. Failure to handle the rule dependency may lead to wrong matching decisions for newly arrived flows, or may introduce high storage overhead in flow table memory.
Introduction of a disulfide bond leads to stabilization and crystallization of a ricin immunogen (2010)

RTA1-33/44-198 is a catalytically inactive, single-domain derivative of the ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) engineered to serve as a stable protein scaffold for presentation of native immunogenic epitopes (Olson et al., Protein Eng Des Sel 2004;17:391-397). To improve the stability and solubility of RTA1-33/44-198 further, we have undertaken the design challenge of introducing a disulfide (SS) bond. Nine pairs of residues were selected for placement of the SS-bond based on molecular dynamics simulation studies of the modeled single-domain chain. Disulfide formation at either of two positions (R48C/T77C or V49C/E99C) involving a specific surface loop (44-55) increased the protein melting temperature by ~5°C compared with RTA1-33/44-198 and by ~13°C compared with RTA. Prolonged stability studies of the R48C/T77C variant (> 60 days at 37°C, pH 7.4) confirmed a > 40% reduction in self-aggregation compared with RTA1-33/44-198 lacking the SS-bond. The R48C/T77C variant retained affinity for anti-RTA antibodies capable of neutralizing ricin toxin, including a monoclonal that recognizes a human B-cell epitope. Introduction of either R48C/T77C or V49C/E99C promoted crystallization of RTA1-33/44-198, and the X-ray structures of the variants were solved to 2.3 A or 2.1 A resolution, respectively. The structures confirm formation of an intramolecular SS-bond, and reveal a single-domain fold that is significantly reduced in volume compared with RTA. Loop 44 to 55 is partly disordered as predicted by simulations, and is positioned to form self-self interactions between symmetry-related molecules. We discuss the importance of RTA loop 34 to 55 as a nucleus for unfolding and aggregation, and draw conclusions for ongoing structure-based minimalist design of RTA-based immunogens.