gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Holding Temperature and Storage Time on Respiratory Rate, Motility, and Fertility of Chicken and Turkey Semen (1982)

A series of experiments was conducted to measure the respiratory activity, motility, and fertility of chicken and turkey sperm in undiluted and diluted (1 part semen to 5 parts Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender) semen held at either 41, 25, 15, or 5 C for 3 or 6 hr. Sperm respiration was temperature dependent, increasing with increasing temperature. When incubated under identical conditions, the respiratory rate of spermatozoa in diluted semen of both species was significantly (P less than .05) higher than in undiluted semen. In undiluted and diluted chicken and turkey semen, sperm mortality was lowest at 41 C. No differences in the motility of spermatozoa from undiluted and diluted semen of either species were observed in the unstored controls. Sperm motility in samples held at 15 or 5 C was similar to that of the unstored controls. The fertility of diluted chicken semen was highest (75%) after 6 hr of storage at 5 C. Fertility levels (71 to 83%) of chicken semen was highest (75%) after 6 hr of storage at 5 C. Fertility levels (71 to 83%) of chicken semen held for 3 hr at 25, 15, or 5 C did not differ from the unstored control. In contrast, the fertilizing capacity of diluted turkey semen (0 to 45%) was significantly lower than the unstored controls (68%), regardless of holding times and temperatures. The fertility of undiluted turkey semen was significantly (P less than .05) lower than the unstored control in all cases, with the exception of semen held at 25 C for 3 hr.
<title>Sticky quartz crystal microbalance as a particle monitor</title> (1999)

Quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) have been used for over twenty years as contamination monitors in space satellites to measure film deposition on sensitive surfaces such optical mirrors, thermal radiators and solar arrays. However, it is only recently that miniature quartz crystal microbalances were used as particle monitors after the QCMs were coated with low outgassing grease to trap and measure the mass of particles impinging on the quartz surfaces. Results of these experiments utilizing 'sticky' QCMs are described for a series of wind- tunnel missile tests.
Purification and characterization of an N alpha-acetyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1988)

N alpha-Acetyltransferase, which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to the alpha-NH2 group of proteins and peptides, was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and demonstrated by protein sequence analysis to be NH2-terminally blocked. The enzyme was purified 4,600-fold to apparent homogeneity by successive purification steps using DEAE-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, DE52 cellulose, and Affi-Gel blue. The Mr of the native enzyme was estimated to be 180,000 +/- 10,000 by gel filtration chromatography, and the Mr of each subunit was estimated to be 95,000 +/- 2,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has a pH optimum near 9.0, and its pI is 4.3 as determined by chromatofocusing on Mono-P. The enzyme catalyzed the transfer of an acetyl group to various synthetic peptides, including human adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (1-24) and its [Phe2] analogue, yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I (1-24), yeast alcohol dehydrogenase II (1-24), and human superoxide dismutase (1-24). These peptides contain either Ser or Ala as NH2-terminal residues which together with Met are the most commonly acetylated NH2-terminal residues (Persson, B., Flinta, C., von Heijne, G., and Jornvall, H. (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 152, 523-527). Yeast enolase, containing a free NH2-terminal Ala residue, is known not to be N alpha-acetylated in vivo (Chin, C. C. Q., Brewer, J. M., and Wold, F. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1377-1384), and enolase (1-24), a synthetic peptide mimicking the protein's NH2 terminus, was not acetylated in vitro by yeast acetyltransferase. The enzyme did not catalyze the N alpha-acetylation of other synthetic peptides including ACTH(11-24), ACTH(7-38), ACTH(18-39), human beta-endorphin, yeast superoxide dismutase (1-24). Each of these peptides has an NH2-terminal residue which is rarely acetylated in proteins (Lys, Phe, Arg, Tyr, Val, respectively). Among a series of divalent cations, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were demonstrated to be the most potent inhibitors. The enzyme was inactivated by chemical modification with diethyl pyrocarbonate and N-bromosuccinimide.
Simultaneous tracking and balancing of humanoid robots for imitating human motion capture data (2009)

This paper presents a control framework for humanoid robots that uses all joints simultaneously to track motion capture data and maintain balance. The controller comprises two main components: a balance controller and a tracking controller. The balance controller uses a regulator designed for a simplified humanoid model to obtain the desired input to keep balance based on the current state of the robot. The simplified model is chosen so that a regulator can be designed systematically using, for example, optimal control. An example of such controller is a linear quadratic regulator designed for an inverted pendulum model. The desired inputs are typically the center of pressure and/or torques of some representative joints. The tracking controller then computes the joint torques that minimize the difference from desired inputs as well as the error from desired joint accelerations to track the motion capture data, considering exact full-body dynamics. We demonstrate that the proposed controller effectively reproduces different styles of storytelling motion using dynamics simulation considering limitations in hardware.
<title>MTF measurement of LCDs by a linear CCD imager: I. Monochrome case</title> (1997)

We construct the modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement system of a LCD using a linear charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. The MTF used in optical system can not describe in the effect of both resolution and contrast on the image quality of display. Thus we present the new measurement method based on the transmission property of a LCD. While controlling contrast and brightness levels, the MTF is measured. From the result, we show that the method is useful for describing of the image quality. A ne measurement method and its condition are described. To demonstrate validity, the method is applied for comparison of the performance of two different LCDs.
Precision leveling with a two‐fluid tiltmeter (1976)

Thermally induced errors, dominant in a water‐tube tiltmeter, are eliminated by using two adjacent tubes containing fluids with densities having different temperature coefficients. Simultaneous measurements of the apparent difference in height between two stations indicated by the two fluids are used to provide the required correction for the density changes. The application of this method could allow precise measurements over long baselines (a resolution of about 10 −8 to 10 −9 radians in a 1‐kilometer instrument) without a level interconnecting tube or deep burial.
New Methodology for the Measurement of Surface Shear Stress Vector Distributions (1997)

When a liquid crystal coating (LCC) is illuminated from the normal direction by white light and observed from an oblique above-plane view angle, its color-change response to shear depends on both shear stress vector magnitude and the direction of the applied shear vector relative to the observer's in-plane line of sight. At any point, the maximum color change is always measured when the local shear vector is aligned with, and directed away from, the observer; the magnitude of the color change at this vector/observer aligned orientation scales directly with shear stress magnitude. Based on this knowledge, a full-surface shear stress vector measurement methodology was formulated. An image-based system, incorporating a three-chip color video camera, linked to a frame grabber and computer, was devised to test the method. Full-surface images of LCC color-change response to a three-dimensional turbulent wall jet flowing over a planar surface were acquired and analyzed to define the surface shear stress vector field.
Convergent functional genomics: application to bipolar disorder (2001)

The recent development of microarray technologies has made possible the simultaneous measurement of mRNA levels for thousands of genes and a new genomic method termed gene expression profiling. The application of this approach to animal models or post-mortem tissue provides a powerful tool for the discovery of novel genes involved in psychiatric disorders. This approach has strengths that are complementary to those of another genomic method for gene discovery, positional cloning. Microarray technologies and their application to post-mortem tissue and animal models of bipolar disorder are reviewed. A novel approach termed convergent functional genomics, which integrates gene profiling and positional cloning in order to rapidly identify candidate disease genes, is also described.
Endotoxin hitchhiking on polymer nanoparticles (2016)

The control of microbial infections is critical for the preparation of biological media including water to prevent lethal septic shock. Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. More than half a million patients suffer from sepsis every year. Both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are responsible for septic infection by the most common organisms i.e., Escherichia coli and Pseuodomonas aeruginosa. The bacterial cell membrane releases negatively charged endotoxins upon death and enzymatic destruction, which stimulate antigenic response in humans to gram-negative infections. Several methods including distillation, ethylene oxide treatment, filtration and irradiation have been employed to remove endotoxins from contaminated samples, however, the reduction efficiency remains low, and presents a challenge. Polymer nanoparticles can be used to overcome the current inability to effectively sequester endotoxins from water. This process is termed endotoxin hitchhiking. The binding of endotoxin on polymer nanoparticles via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions offers efficient removal from water. However, the effect of polymer nanoparticles and its surface areas has not been investigated for removal of endotoxins. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer was tested for its ability to effectively bind and remove endotoxins from water. By employing a simple one-step phase separation technique, we were able to synthesize PCL nanoparticles of 398.3 ± 95.13 nm size and a polydispersity index of 0.2. PCL nanoparticles showed ∼78.8% endotoxin removal efficiency, the equivalent of 3.9 × 10(5) endotoxin units (EU) per ml. This is 8.34-fold more effective than that reported for commercially available membranes. Transmission electron microscopic images confirmed binding of multiple endotoxins to the nanoparticle surface. The concept of using nanoparticles may be applicable not only to eliminate gram-negative bacteria, but also for any gram-positive bacteria, fungi and parasites.
Two Component Lost Circulation Material for Controlling Seepage to Moderate Losses (2017)

Abstract A two-component lost circulation material (LCM) system is developed to mitigate seepage to moderate type loss of circulation using materials and polymers having different physical and chemical properties. The first component or component I is a slurry containing a carrier fluid such as water, a particulate or filler material such as fly ash, a fibrous material such as polypropylene fibers, and a water absorbing acrylic polymer. The second component or component II is a solution of sodium hydroxide in water. Component II is used as activator and when in contact with component I, the sodium hydroxide triggers the polyacrylic polymers in component I to absorb water in the slurry. As a result the whole system is swollen up and a generation of thick mass of the system achieved. This approach is used to address the lost circulation scenarios while drilling through fractured and cavernous zones. A comprehensive lab testing of the two component lost circulation material system has been carried out using pore plugging test (PPT) apparatus to prove its efficiency to seal off the fractures of width up to 2 mm. The results of PPT experiments show that the two component lost circulation material system is capable of controlling loss of circulation into fractures of width up to 2 mm under high pressure (1500 psi) and high temperature (250 °F) conditions. The new two component lost circulation system will provide a reliable solution to address seepage to moderate type loss of circulation.
ADS-B Attack Classification using Machine Learning Techniques (2021)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is one of the most prominent protocols in Air Traffic Control (ATC). Its key advantages derive from using GPS as a location provider, resulting in better location accuracy while offering substantially lower deployment and operational costs when compared to traditional radar technologies. ADS-B not only can enhance radar coverage but also is a standalone solution to areas without radar coverage. Despite these advantages, a wider adoption of the technology is limited due to security vulnerabilities, which are rooted in the protocol’s open broadcast of clear-text messages. In spite of the seriousness of such concerns, very few researchers attempted to propose viable approaches to address such vulnerabilities. In addition to the importance of detecting ADS-B attacks, classifying these attacks is as important since it will enable the security experts and ATC controllers to better understand the attack vector thus enhancing the future protection mechanisms. Unfortunately, there have been very little research on automatically classifying ADS-B attacks. Even the few approaches that attempted to do so considered just two classification categories, i.e. malicious message vs not malicious message. In this paper, we propose a new module to our ADS-Bsec framework capable of classifying ADS-B attacks using advanced machine learning techniques including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Tree, and Random Forest (RF). Our module has the advantage that it adopts a multi-class classification approach based on the nature of the ADS-B attacks not just the traditional 2category classifiers. To illustrate and evaluate our ideas, we designed several experiments using a flight dataset from Lisbon to Paris that includes ADS-B attacks from three categories. Our experimental results demonstrated that machine learningbased models provide high performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity metrics.
Effect of Surface Machining on the Fatigue Life of Low Alloy Steel for Hydrogen Pressure Vessels (2007)

The effect of surface machining on fatigue life in high pressure hydrogen gas was investigated. The test was conducted under the elastic range under 45MPa gaseous hydrogen environment by the ground specimen which were machined so that the surface roughness to be Rmax = 19μm(Mark: 19s), 26μm(26s) and 93μm(93s) and by the polished specimen which are prepared so that the surface roughness to be Rmax = 1μm(1s), 3.6μm(3.6s) and 10μm(10s). The hydrogen fatigue life of ground specimens was considerably reduced with increasing surface roughness as compared to the fatigue life in air at the same surface condition. On the other hand, for the annealed conditions of the ground specimen, the reduction by hydrogen effect was fairly small. The residual stress for the ground specimen at the surface rises sharply in tension while the residual stress for the annealed specimen was nearly equal to zero. We have shown that the hydrogen fatigue damage can be evaluated by obtaining the information about residual stress on surface, stress concentration by maximum surface roughness and the threshold stress intensity SH above which hydrogen fatigue damage occurs.
New Synthetic Route for the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Salinosporamide A and Biologically Active Analogues (2005)

[reaction: see text] A total synthesis of the salinosporamide analogue 3 is described that starts with the novel cyclization 4 --> 5.
Detecting spatio-temporal modes in multivariate data by entropy field decomposition (2016)

A new data analysis method that addresses a general problem of detecting spatio-temporal variations in multivariate data is presented. The method utilizes two recent and complimentary general approaches to data analysis, information field theory (IFT) and entropy spectrum pathways (ESP). Both methods reformulate and incorporate Bayesian theory, thus use prior information to uncover underlying structure of the unknown signal. Unification of ESP and IFT creates an approach that is non-Gaussian and non-linear by construction and is found to produce unique spatio-temporal modes of signal behavior that can be ranked according to their significance, from which space-time trajectories of parameter variations can be constructed and quantified. Two brief examples of real world applications of the theory to the analysis of data bearing completely different, unrelated nature, lacking any underlying similarity, are also presented. The first example provides an analysis of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsFMRI) data that allowed us to create an efficient and accurate computational method for assessing and categorizing brain activity. The second example demonstrates the potential of the method in the application to the analysis of a strong atmospheric storm circulation system during the complicated stage of tornado development and formation using data recorded by a mobile Doppler radar. Reference implementation of the method will be made available as a part of the QUEST toolkit that is currently under development at the Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging.
Synergistic manipulations of plant and insect defences (2013)

If insect defence enzymes are compromised by piperonyl butoxide whilst plant defence is primed by cis-jasmone, there are possibilities of an insecticide-free method of controlling insect pests. The success seems largely dependent upon the toxicity of the plants' secondary chemistry.
MIMO Multicarrier Transmission Over Doubly Selective Channels With Virtual Trajectories Receiver (2019)

High mobility and multipath propagation induce Doppler and delay dispersion, respectively. When both phenomena affect the transmitted signal, the communication channel is known as a doubly selective channel (DSC). In multicarrier systems under this scenario, intersymbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier interference (ICI) are ineluctably present, severely degrading the system's performance. Therefore, much effort has been invested in researching convenient waveforms that enable the receiver self-interference cancellation, while making use of the available space, time, and frequency diversity. In this paper, a multicarrier multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system for communication in DSCs is presented. By using the virtual trajectory (VT) representation of the MIMO channel, direct conversion of Doppler diversity into additional virtual antennas in the receiver is achieved. This concept is developed for a coherent system with one-tap channel estimation (CE) and equalization algorithms of low complexity as well as for incoherent detection using differential space-frequency block codes (DSFBCs), where pilot signals are not used. For both systems, runtime cancellation and/or inversion of complex interference channel matrices is avoided. Diversity of the doubly selective MIMO channel is exploited without sacrificing compatibility with current multicarrier MIMO systems. The presented system offers robustness in DSCs with minimal extra complexity when compared to conventional approaches. The results demonstrate that MIMO orthogonal frequency division modulation (MIMO-OFDM) can be still implemented in extremely high Doppler scenarios if VT reception is incorporated.
A secure anonymous password-based authentication protocol with control of authentication numbers (2016)

Anonymous password-based authentication protocols are designed to provide not only password-based authentication but also client anonymity. In [10], Qian et al., proposed a simple anonymous password-based authentication (SAPAKE) protocol. In this paper, we revisit the SAPAKE protocol [10] by first showing that an outside attacker can specify which client has actually communicated with the server in the SAPAKE protocol with probability 1. Then, we propose a secure anonymous password-based authentication (for short, SAP) protocol that provides security against modification attacks on protocol-specific values, and is more efficient than SAPAKE [10]. As an additional feature, a server in the SAP protocol can control the number of anonymous client authentication.
Long‐Lived Spin States for Low‐Field Hyperpolarized Gas MRI (2014)

Parahydrogen induced polarization was employed to prepare a relatively long-lived correlated nuclear spin state between methylene and methyl protons in propane gas. Conventionally, such states are converted into a strong NMR signal enhancement by transferring the reaction product to a high magnetic field in an adiabatic longitudinal transport after dissociation engenders net alignment (ALTADENA) experiment. However, the relaxation time T1 of ∼0.6 s of the resulting hyperpolarized propane is too short for potential biomedical applications. The presented alternative approach employs low-field MRI to preserve the initial correlated state with a much longer decay time TLLSS =(4.7±0.5) s. While the direct detection at low-magnetic fields (e.g. 0.0475 T) is challenging, we demonstrate here that spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC) at this low magnetic field transforms the long-lived correlated state into an observable nuclear magnetization suitable for MRI with sub-millimeter and sub-second spatial and temporal resolution, respectively. Propane is a non-toxic gas, and therefore, these results potentially enable low-cost high-resolution high-speed MRI of gases for functional imaging of lungs and other applications.