gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium influx in induced differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells (1993)

Murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC) have served as a model for examining the regulation of erythroid differentiation. However, the role of Ca2+ in the signal transduction pathways regulating differentiation remains unclear. To begin to address this uncertainty we have characterized the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and the possible role of calcium channels during induced differentiation in MELC. MELC can be induced to terminal differentiation using the polar/apolar compound hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). We found that HMBA stimulated Ca2+ influx within 3 to 6 minutes and that Ca2+ entry was required but not sufficient for MELC growth and differentiation. Nifedipine (1 to 10 mumol/L), a calcium channel antagonist, blocked HMBA-induced Ca2+ influx and inhibited differentiation by approximately 60%. Depolarization of the MELC membrane did not induce Ca2+ influx and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings failed to detect a voltage-activated Ca2+ current, suggesting that MELC do not express detectable levels of a functional voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC). However, a cDNA probe encoding a portion of the alpha 1 subunit of the cardiac VDCC detected an approximately 8-kb mRNA on Northern blots of total MELC RNA. Taken together, these data show that Ca2+ influx is an early event associated with HMBA-induced differentiation in MELC, blockade of this calcium influx inhibits induced differentiation, and a voltage-insensitive dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel may be involved in Ca2+ influx in MELC.
Application of TD-SCDMA in Monitoring Systems in Coal Mine (2009)

In order to monitor the production condition exactly and real-timely in underground and surface of coal mine, a new mobile application solutions scheme based on TD-SCDMA in coal mine is proposed. According to the high speed data service of third generation mobile communication systems, the wireless network of surface scheme was designed by the C/S structure, which can provide mobile communication and information synthesized service application. Wireless distance unit of super base station and its cascade were used to achieve effective covering of special environment of coal mine according to the different environment of underground tunnel. The wireless interface standard are studied based on the structure of digital mine, the workflow in application server is suggested too, which can provides the technical basis of 3G in the coal mine safety production.
Functional Potential of Soil Microbial Communities in the Maize Rhizosphere (2014)

Microbial communities in the rhizosphere make significant contributions to crop health and nutrient cycling. However, their ability to perform important biogeochemical processes remains uncharacterized. Here, we identified important functional genes that characterize the rhizosphere microbial community to understand metabolic capabilities in the maize rhizosphere using the GeoChip-based functional gene array method. Significant differences in functional gene structure were apparent between rhizosphere and bulk soil microbial communities. Approximately half of the detected gene families were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the rhizosphere. Based on the detected gyrB genes, Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria were most enriched in the rhizosphere compared to those in the bulk soil. The rhizosphere niche also supported greater functional diversity in catabolic pathways. The maize rhizosphere had significantly enriched genes involved in carbon fixation and degradation (especially for hemicelluloses, aromatics and lignin), nitrogen fixation, ammonification, denitrification, polyphosphate biosynthesis and degradation, sulfur reduction and oxidation. This research demonstrates that the maize rhizosphere is a hotspot of genes, mostly originating from dominant soil microbial groups such as Proteobacteria, providing functional capacity for the transformation of labile and recalcitrant organic C, N, P and S compounds.
Equipping Parents to support their children's aspiration: What works? (2016)

A partnership between the University of Tasmania and the University ofWollongong and funded by the Higher Education Participation andPartnerships Program, this project examines best practices to engageparents in order to equip them to their childrens higher educationaspirations. Parents from low SES backgrounds, in common with otherparents, report that they want the best for their childrens future.Getting a good education is a part of the aspiration of most parents,regardless of SES status. However, unlike parents from mid and highSES backgrounds who usually have educational cultural capital tosupport their childrens educational aspiration, parents from low SESbackgrounds often are unable to confidently access information theyneed about possible education pathways within and beyond school orknow where to find out about financial and other support resourcesavailable to facilitate access to higher education. This project has builtupon partners combined experience and international literature toidentify features of parent engagement and information programs andresources that are cost efficient and effective in engaging parents fromlow SES backgrounds to support their childrens higher educationaspirations. Using an extended version of the Design and EvaluationMatrix for Outreach (DEMO) Model (Gale et al 2010), this project hasanalysed features of parent engagement and information programs andresources and mapped these to available evidence of programeffectiveness. A web resource has been produced for institutions use inthe design of parent engagement and information programs and resourcesthat are effective in informing and supporting low SES parents inbuilding and supporting their childrens higher education aspirations.The website also provides an evidence based, synthesised compilation offeatures of outreach programs that work for parental engagement toinform and raise educational aspiration, but are cost efficient foruniversities to deliver in partnership with other education providers,community welfare sector organisations, industry and communities.
User mediated hypermedia presentation generation on the semantic web framework (2006)

DOI: 10.1049/cp:20061970 ISBN: 0 86341 729 9 Location: London, UK Conference date: 29-30 Nov. 2006 Format: PDF There is no abstract available for this article.
Promoter of the human NF-kappa B p50/p105 gene. Regulation by NF-kappa B subunits and by c-REL (1993)

NF-kappa B is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of numerous genes encoding proteins involved in immune function, in inflammation or in cellular growth control. NF-kappa B is typically characterized as a heterodimer of a 50-kDa subunit (p50) and a 65-kDa (p65) subunit. Interestingly, the p50 subunit is derived by processing of a 105-kDa precursor. Induction of NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity involves both the release of cytoplasmically stored factor from its inhibitor known as I kappa B and the induction of NF-kappa B gene expression. We report here the cloning and functional analysis of the promoter of the p50/p105 NF-kappa B gene. Our data suggest the existence of multiple transcription initiation sites for this gene in the B cell line Raji, Jurkat T cells, and HeLa cells. The promoter is constitutively active in these cells and is inducible by phorbol ester and mitogen stimulation of Jurkat T cells. Expression of I kappa B inhibits this inducible activation of the p50/p105 promoter. Furthermore, we have shown that co-transfection of a p50/p105 promoter-reporter plasmid with expression vectors encoding the p50 or p65 subunits of NF-kappa B or c-Rel results in stimulation of gene expression. Supportive of the transfection data, we have identified a DNA-binding site for NF-kappa B in the promoter of the p50/p105 gene that is responsive only to a combination of p50 and p65. The data demonstrate that the p50/p105 NF-kappa B gene is regulated by members of the NF-kappa B/Rel family and likely by other important transcription factors.
VEGF as an inhibitor of tumor vessel maturation: implications for cancer therapy (2009)

Tumor angiogenesis is an important component of cancer biology driven in part by the thesis that inhibition of tumor vessel growth would be expected to starve and thereby disrupt tumor growth. A significant portion of research on tumor angiogenesis has focused on VEGF and its blockade with the expectation that dramatic results would be demonstrated in cancer patients as previously documented in animal models. However, to date, anti-VEGF (bevacizumab, Avastin) therapy alone has demonstrated little if any antitumor activity or survival benefit in humans. Interestingly, bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapeutic agents appears to result in a modest survival benefit in patients with various malignancies. This has prompted the re-evaluation of the biological effects resulting from VEGF blockade. Recent reports indicate that inhibition of VEGF and its receptor can have dramatic and unexpected effects on mural and perivascular cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to vascular smooth muscle cell/pericyte activation and vessel normalization/maturation. Specifically, when VEGF levels in tumors are high, recent studies suggest that this leads to reduced responsiveness of the mural cell to the related growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor. This raises the possibility that in addition to the demonstrated anti-angiogenic effect of VEGF neutralization, mural cell recruitment and thus vascular maturation might be among the most critical activities of anti-VEGF agents. This review seeks to explore how VEGF blockade impacts tumor vascular maturation and considers its implications for cancer therapy.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 as Target for CAR-T-Cell Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2020)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises lethal malignancies with limited treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is an effective immunotherapeutic strategy that has demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies but has shown limited success in the management of some solid tumors. Many malignant tumors are related to increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), providing a rationale for ICAM1-specific immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. Here, we validated the expression of ICAM1 in TNBC tissues. Subsequently, we generated a phage-displayed single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library using splenocytes from ICAM1-immunized mice and selected a novel ICAM1-specific scFv, mG2-scFv. Using mG2-scFv as the extracellular antigen binding domain, we constructed ICAM1-specific CAR-T cells and demonstrated the robust and specific killing of TNBC cell lines <i>in vitro</i>. Most importantly, in the TNBC mouse model, ICAM1-specific CAR-T cells significantly reduced the growth of the TNBC tumor, resulting in long-term remission and improved survival. Together, these results indicated that ICAM1-specific CAR-T cells have high therapeutic potential against ICAM1-positive TNBC tumors.
Advances in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (2016)

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity which may present with skin manifestations as primary sign of the disease (cutaneous lupus erythematosus, CLE) or as part of a disease spectrum (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE). To date, no drugs are approved specifically for the treatment of CLE and only single agents have been applied in randomized controlled trials. Therefore, topical and systemic agents are used "off-label", primarily based on open-label studies, case series, retrospective analyses, and expert opinions. In contrast, several agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and belimumab, are approved for the treatment of SLE. Recent approaches in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of LE enabled the development of further new agents, which target molecules such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon (IFN). Only single trials, however, applied these new agents in patients with cutaneous involvement of the disease and/or included endpoints which evaluated the efficacy of these agents on skin manifestations. This article provides an updated review on new and recent approaches in the treatment of CLE.
Costello syndrome associated with novel germline <i>HRAS</i> mutations: An attenuated phenotype? (2008)

Costello syndrome is a rare congenital disorder typically characterized by severe failure-to-thrive, cardiac abnormalities including tachyarrhythmia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, distinctive facial features, a predisposition to papillomata and malignant tumors, neurologic abnormalities, developmental delay, and mental retardation. Its underlying cause is de novo germline mutations in the oncogene HRAS. Almost all Costello syndrome mutations affect one of the glycine residues in position 12 or 13 of the protein product. More than 80% of patients with Costello syndrome share the same underlying mutation, resulting in a G12S amino acid change. We report on two patients with novel HRAS mutations affecting amino acids 58 (T58I) and 146 (A146V), respectively. Despite facial features that appear less coarse than those typically seen in Costello patients, both patients show many of the physical and developmental problems characteristic for Costello syndrome. These novel HRAS mutations may be less common than the frequently reported G12S change, or patients with these changes may be undiagnosed due to their less coarse facial features. In addition to the findings previously known to occur in Costello syndrome, one of our patients had hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. This led us to review the medical histories on a cohort of proven HRAS mutation positive Costello syndrome patients, and we found a statistically significantly (P < 0.001) increased frequency of pyloric stenosis in Costello syndrome (5/58) compared to the general population frequency of 2-3/1,000. Thus we add hypertrophic pyloric stenosis to the abnormalities seen with increased frequency in Costello syndrome.
Nucleotide-Directed Growth of Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2005)

We engineer colloidal quantum dot nanocrystals through the choice of biomolecular ligands responsible for nanoparticle nucleation, growth, stabilization, and passivation. We systematically vary the presence of, and thereby elucidate the role of, phosphate groups and a multiplicity of functionalities on the mononucleotides used as ligands. The results provide the basis for synthesis of nanoparticles using precisely controlled synthetic oligonucleotide sequences.
Abnormal Tin Whisker Growth in Rare Earth Element-Doped Sn3Ag0.5CuXCe Solder Joints (2007)

In this study, 0.1~1.0 wt.% of pure Ce was added into a Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder alloy, resulting in the formation of precipitated CeSn3 clusters of a size greater than 20 1m in the reflowed solder matrix. After natural aging at room temperature for more than 3 days, oxidation on the surface of the CeSn3 clusters was much heavier than in the undoped Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder matrix. In addition, many tin whiskers with a diameter of about 0.1 to 0.3 μm had been squeezed out of the oxide layer of the CeSn3 precipitates. The increase in aging time at room temperature causes the tin whiskers to grow rapidly. The whiskers can grow even to a length of over 300 μm after 21 days of storage. The whisker growth rate in one particular case reached 8.6Å/s after room temperature storage for only one day. The whiskers formed during storage at a higher temperature (1500C have a coarse diameter of 1 to 3 μm. In some cases, high temperature storage results in the formation of short whiskers in a hillock shape with a diameter of about 5 to 10 μm.
Monolithically integrated InGaAs/InP PIN-JFET photoreceiver (1986)

A vertically integrated InGaAs/InP PIN-JFET has been fabricated, in which separate layers are used for the FET channel and PIN intrinsic region. The maximum transconductance was 170 mS/mm, which is the highest reported figure for an integrated structure, and the photodiode quantum efficiency was 64% at −5 V and 1.53 μm wavelength, without antireflection-coating.
Role of a native oxide on femtosecond laser interaction with silicon (100) near the damage threshold (2005)

Si (100) with and without a 14–25Å thick native oxide was laser machined at grazing incidence using a Ti:sapphire femtosecond pulsed laser under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The resulting damage feature size and morphology indicate that the presence or absence of the native oxide significantly affects the mechanism for femtosecond laser-induced damage. We propose that a fluence-dependent modification of the oxide by the incident laser pulse must be considered when studying femtosecond laser damage of Si (100) with a native oxide. Data are also presented that are consistent with a dose-dependent phase transformation in the amorphous oxide. The implications of the native oxide, including relative damage thresholds of the underlying Si (100) and the role of the oxide in damage morphology are addressed.
Effects of a carbon nanotube layer on electrical contact resistance between copper substrates (2006)

Reduction of contact resistance is demonstrated at Cu–Cu interfaces using a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) layer as an electrically conductive interfacial material. The MWCNTs are grown on a copper substrate using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) with nickel as the catalyst material, and methane and hydrogen as feed gases. The MWCNTs showed random growth directions and had a bamboo-like structure. Contact resistance and reaction force were measured for a bare Cu–Cu interface and a Cu–MWCNT–Cu interface as a function of probe position. For an apparent contact area of 0.31 mm 2 ,a n80% reduction in contact resistance was observed when the MWCNT layer was used. Resistance decreased with increasing contact force, thereby making it possible to use this arrangement as a small-scale force sensor. Also, the Cu–MWCNT–Cu interface was roughly two times stiffer than the bare Cu–Cu interface. Contact area enlargement and van der Waals interactions are identified as important contributors to the contact resistance reduction and stiffness increase. A model based on compaction of the MWCNT layer is presented and found to be capable of predicting resistance change over the range of measured force. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
The Uncertainty Analysis of the Key Factors That Affect the AVO Attributes in Sandstone Reservoir (2011)

Abstract Traditional seismic AVO forward study usually uses constant parameters to construct rock physics models, and such parameters in real formations have uncertainties in an exploration area. This work employed laboratory measurements of cores from the target formation to simplify the rock physics model with relationships of reservoir sandstone porosities and P‐ and S‐wave impedances under a dry condition. To study influences of model parameter uncertainties, the probability density functions of key model parameters were introduced based on core measurements and well logging analysis. Using the Monte‐Carlo method and Gassmann fluid replacement technique, the AVO responses of models were obtained for saturation fluids as brine, oil and gas. The comparative analysis indicates that the velocity uncertainty of covering mud is the primary factor affecting the fluid cluster's distribution and deviation from water background trend on AVO intercept‐gradient crossplots, while the porosity uncertainty of sand is also significantly affecting but less than covering mud. Thus, the correct interpretation of AVO anomalies for real seismic data requires forward simulation on a probabilistic rock physics model to acquire the information on reservoir physical properties and fluids as much as possible.
VPN Traffic Detection in SSL-Protected Channel (2019)

In recent times, secure communication protocols over web such as HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) are being widely used instead of plain web communication protocols like HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). HTTPS provides end-to-end encryption between the user and service. Nowadays, organizations use network firewalls and/or intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) to analyze the network traffic to detect and protect against attacks and vulnerabilities. Depending on the size of organization, these devices may differ in their capabilities. Simple network intrusion detection system (NIDS) and firewalls generally have no feature to inspect HTTPS or encrypted traffic, so they rely on unencrypted traffic to manage the encrypted payload of the network. Recent and powerful next-generation firewalls have Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) inspection feature which are expensive and may not be suitable for every organizations. A virtual private network (VPN) is a service which hides real traffic by creating SSL-protected channel between the user and server. Every Internet activity is then performed under the established SSL tunnel. The user inside the network with malicious intent or to hide his activity from the network security administration of the organization may use VPN services. Any VPN service may be used by users to bypass the filters or signatures applied on network security devices. These services may be the source of new virus or worm injected inside the network or a gateway to facilitate information leakage. In this paper, we have proposed a novel approach to detect VPN activity inside the network. The proposed system analyzes the communication between user and the server to analyze and extract features from network, transport, and application layer which are not encrypted and classify the incoming traffic as malicious, i.e., VPN traffic or standard traffic. Network traffic is analyzed and classified using DNS (Domain Name System) packets and HTTPS- (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure-) based traffic. Once traffic is classified, the connection based on the server’s IP, TCP port connected, domain name, and server name inside the HTTPS connection is analyzed. This helps in verifying legitimate connection and flags the VPN-based traffic. We worked on top five freely available VPN services and analyzed their traffic patterns; the results show successful detection of the VPN activity performed by the user. We analyzed the activity of five users, using some sort of VPN service in their Internet activity, inside the network. Out of total 729 connections made by different users, 329 connections were classified as legitimate activity, marking 400 remaining connections as VPN-based connections. The proposed system is lightweight enough to keep minimal overhead, both in network and resource utilization and requires no specialized hardware.
Programmable Linear RAM: A New Flash Memory-based Memristor for Artificial Synapses and Its Application to Speech Recognition System (2019)

In this work, a new type of flash memory-based memristor, named programmable linear random-access memory (PLRAM), is presented to store analog synaptic weights in a single flash memory cell. A PLRAM cell with a self-calibrating program/erase scheme can provide very stable and repeatable analog memory states up to 7 bits in a single cell, which is suitable for an artificial synapse in the neural network. The physical implementation of a discrete Fourier transform on PLRAM arrays shows a remarkably good agreement with theoretical calculations. By taking nonlinearity effects on both forward propagation and back-propagation into consideration, a highly manufacturable speech recognition system, which consists of a 5-layer fully connected neural network (360k artificial synapses, 1576 neurons, and peripheral circuits) has been successfully built on 200 mm wafers. For the first time, the high accuracy of speech recognition (>90%) on 8 different Chinese speech words is demonstrated.