gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silver Nanoparticles and Growth Factors Incorporated Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Metallic Implant Surfaces for Enhancement of Osteoinductivity and Antibacterial Properties (2014)

Research on incorporation of both growth factors and silver (Ag) into hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on metallic implant surfaces for enhancing osteoinductivity and antibacterial properties is a challenging work. Generally, Ag nanoparticles are easy to agglomerate and lead to a large increase in local Ag concentration, which could potentially affect cell activity. On the other hand, growth factors immobilization requires mild processing conditions so as to maintain their activities. In this study, bone morphology protein-2 (BMP-2) and Ag nanoparticle contained HA coatings were prepared on Ti surfaces by combining electrochemical deposition (ED) of Ag and electrostatic immobilization of BMP-2. During the ED process, chitosan (CS) was selected as the stabilizing agent to chelate Ag ions and generate Ag nanoparticles that are uniformly distributed in the coatings. CS also reduces Ag toxicity while retaining its antibacterial activity. Afterwards, a BMP/heparin solution was absorbed on the CS/Ag/HA coatings. Consequently, BMP-2 was immobilized on the coatings by the electrostatic attraction between CS, heparin, and BMP-2. Sustained release of BMP-2 and Ag ions from HA coatings was successfully demonstrated for a long period. Results of antibacterial tests indicate that the CS/Ag/HA coatings have high antibacterial properties against both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Osteoblasts (OB) culture reveals that the CS/Ag/HA coatings exhibit good biocompatibility. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) culture indicates that the BMP/CS/Ag/HA coatings have good osteoinductivity and promote the differentiation of BMSCs. Ti bars with BMP/CS/Ag/HA coatings were implanted into the femur of rabbits to evaluate the osteoinductivity of the coatings. Results indicate that BMP/CS/Ag/HA coatings favor bone formation in vivo. In summary, this study presents a convenient and effective method for the incorporation of growth factors and antibacterial agents into HA coatings. This method can be utilized to modify a variety of metallic implant surfaces.
Identification of protein-protein interactions in snake venom by immuno-affinity chromatography on monoliths (2014)

In order to perform their function, proteins frequently interact with other proteins. Snake venom is composed mostly of proteins, and various protein complexes in the venom have been found to exhibit higher toxicity levels than respective components separately. Complexes can modulate envenomation activity of a venom and/or potentiate its effect. Our previous data indicate that the most toxic components of the Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Vaa) venom isolated so far – ammodytoxins (Atxs) are contributing to the venom’s toxicity only moderately, therefore we aimed to explore whether they have some interacting partner(s) potentiating toxicity. Various methods are used to reveal protein interacting partners and affinity chromatography is one of them. For screening of possible interactions in Vaa venom immuno-affinity chromatography combined with identification by mass spectrometry was used. Various chemistries (epoxy, carbonyldiimidazole, ethylenediamine) as well as protein G functionality were used to immobilize anti-Atx antibodies on monolith support, a Convective Interaction Media disk. Using such approach several proteins were indicated as potential Atx-binding proteins. Among these, the interaction of Atxs with a Kunitz-type inhibitor was confirmed by far-Western dot-blot and surface plasmon resonance measurement. It can be concluded that affinity chromatography on monoliths combined with mass spectrometry identification is a successful approach for screening of protein interactions and it resulted with detection of the interaction of Atx with Kunitz-type inhibitor in Vaa venom for the first time. (M. Brgles, T. Kurtovic, L. Kovacic, I. Križaj, M. Barut, M. Lang Balija, G. Allmaier, M. Marchetti-Deschmann, B. Halassy, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 406 (2014) 293-304.)
Using Natural Language Processing for Identifying and Interpreting Tables in Plain Text (2007)

Characteristics of Tables 2.1 Table Denotations A simple table in some abstract sense denotes a relation among sets of values. 2 (We can think of this as corresponding to relations or views in relational database terms. See, for example, [Ull88]) In these terms, the underlying representation of a table is a set of n-tuples, where n is the number of domains or value sets in the table. The n-tuples of the table is that subset of the cross-product D 1 \\Theta D 2 \\Theta : : : \\Theta Dn for which the relation holds. This is the canonical form of the table. For our nlp application, we need a relatively detailed ontology or world model of the objects of the sublanguage of construction. The classes of this world model we call world domains; they include 1 We thank Stephen McCarron of BICC. We acknowledge the support of the Department of Trade and Industry, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and the BICC Group on the CISAU project (IED4/1/5818), and the Human Communi...
First Commission and Early Service in Scotland and Ireland (2012)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Using Location Lifelogs to Make Meaning of Food and Physical Activity Behaviors (2013)

In this paper, we take the position that location and information derived from location adds value to health and wellness logs. Traditional health and wellness logs such as food and physical activity diaries do not include location information in a meaningful way. As the ability to track and make se
Computer-aided craniofacial surgical planning implemented in CAD software (1999)

Accurate presurgical planning is imperative for successful cranial surgery. This article introduces a simulation program developed in a computer-aided design environment. The neurocranium is introduced as a mathematical surface, since this is the part on which the actual operation will be performed. The viscerocranium, which serves as reference, is visualized using small triangular surfaces. The development of the program commenced with a classification of the different surgical techniques mentioned in the literature into six basic actions. The use of mathematically described surfaces has the advantage that the program can simulate actions which change the shape of a surface and perform an on-line estimation of the fracture risk during bending. Three-point bending tests were carried out to provide the necessary data to perform the mathematical check, as these data are not available in the literature. A database with reference distances was introduced to guide the surgeon to obtain the best possible results. During one clinical trial, the computer was taken into the operating room so that the surgical plan developed with the simulation program could be applied to the actual operation.
Shuffle Transformer: Rethinking Spatial Shuffle for Vision Transformer (2021)

Very recently, Window-based Transformers, which computed self-attention within non-overlapping local windows, demonstrated promising results on image classification, semantic segmentation, and object detection. However, less study has been devoted to the cross-window connection which is the key element to improve the representation ability. In this work, we revisit the spatial shuffle as an efficient way to build connections among windows. As a result, we propose a new vision transformer, named Shuffle Transformer, which is highly efficient and easy to implement by modifying two lines of code. Furthermore, the depth-wise convolution is introduced to complement the spatial shuffle for enhancing neighbor-window connections. The proposed architectures achieve excellent performance on a wide range of visual tasks including image-level classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. Code will be released for reproduction.
The<i>TERT</i>promoter SNP rs2853669 decreases E2F1 transcription factor binding and increases mortality and recurrence risks in liver cancer (2015)

A common single-nucleotide polymorphism in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter, rs2853669 influences patient survival rates and the risk of developing cancer. Recently, several lines of evidence suggest that the rs2853669 suppresses TERT promoter mutation-mediated TERT expression levels and cancer mortality as well as recurrence rates. However, no reports are available on the impact of rs2853669 on TERT expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its association with patient survival. Here, we found that HCC-related overall and recurrence-free survival rates were not associated with TERT promoter mutation individually, but rs2853669 and the TERT promoter mutation in combination were associated with poor survival rates. TERT mRNA expression and telomere fluorescence levels were greater in patients with HCC who had both the combination. The combination caused TERT promoter methylation through regulating the binding of DNA methyltransferase 1 and histone deacetylase 1 to the TERT promoter in HCC cell lines. The TERT expression level was significantly higher in HCC tumor with a methylated promoter than in that with an unmethylated promoter. In conclusion, we demonstrate a substantial role for the rs2853669 in HCC with TERT promoter mutation, which suggests that the combination of the rs2853669 and the mutation indicate poor prognoses in liver cancer.
Adaptive decision-aided maximum likelihood phase estimation in coherent optical DQPSK system (2008)

Adaptive decision-aided maximum likelihood phase estimation is proposed to obtain optimum performance in coherent optical DQPSK system, which recovers the carrier phase and mitigates the impact of laser linewidth and nonlinear phase noise.
Real-time performance monitoring and management system (2023)

A real-time performance monitoring system for monitoring an electric power grid. The electric power grid has a plurality of grid portions, each grid portion corresponding to one of a plurality of control areas. The real-time performance monitoring system includes a monitor computer for monitoring at least one of reliability metrics, generation metrics, transmission metrics, suppliers metrics, grid infrastructure security metrics, and markets metrics for the electric power grid. The data for metrics being monitored by the monitor computer are stored in a data base, and a visualization of the metrics is displayed on at least one display computer having a monitor. The at least one display computer in one said control area enables an operator to monitor the grid portion corresponding to a different said control area.
Mixture modeling approach to flow cytometry data (2008)

Flow Cytometry has become a mainstay technique for measuring fluorescent and physical attributes of single cells in a suspended mixture. These data are reduced during analysis using a manual or semiautomated process of gating. Despite the need to gate data for traditional analyses, it is well recognized that analyst-to-analyst variability can impact the dataset. Moreover, cells of interest can be inadvertently excluded from the gate, and relationships between collected variables may go unappreciated because they were not included in the original analysis plan. A multivariate non-gating technique was developed and implemented that accomplished the same goal as traditional gating while eliminating many weaknesses. The procedure was validated against traditional gating for analysis of circulating B cells in normal donors (n = 20) and persons with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (n = 42). The method recapitulated relationships in the dataset while providing for an automated and objective assessment of the data. Flow cytometry analyses are amenable to automated analytical techniques that are not predicated on discrete operator-generated gates. Such alternative approaches can remove subjectivity in data analysis, improve efficiency and may ultimately enable construction of large bioinformatics data systems for more sophisticated approaches to hypothesis testing.
A micromachined sensor array for optical measurements of surface pressure (1997)

Understanding the interaction of unsteady flow phenomenon with an aerodynamic surface requires time-resolved measurements of fluid dynamic properties at the surface. A micromachined array of sensors for making spatiallyand temporally-resolved optical measurements of surface pressure has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Each sensor element in the array consists of a Fabry-Perot etalon fabricated from single-crystal silicon. An applied pressure deflects a membrane, changing the length of the etalon, and modulating the intensity of the light reflected from the sensor. Illuminating the sensor array with it near-room-temperature, tunable diode laser and detecting the reflected light intensity with an infrared camera allows remote, simultaneous recording of the reflectance signals from the entire array of passive sensors. The sensitivity of the optical displacement sensing scheme allows very stiff pressure sensing membranes to be used so that sensor frequency responses above 100 kHz can be fabricated. Based on static pressure cell tests, the sensor performance agrees well with design models and imaging of small arrays of sensors has been demonstrated. These results demonstrate the basic feasibility of using arrays of micromachined optical pressure sensors for mapping surface pressure distributions. (Author)
Regulation of xylanolytic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis (1994)

The synthesis of the xylanolytic enzymes beta-xylanase and beta-xylosidase of Bacillus subtilis was studied. In contrast to many catabolic extracellular enzymes, beta-xylanase was synthesized constitutively during exponential growth and was not repressed by glucose. beta-Xylosidase synthesis was induced 100-fold by xylose and repressed 100-fold by glucose. Carbon catabolite repression was abolished in a ccpA mutant. Titration experiments using a multicopy operator sequence responsible for carbon catabolite repression indicated that the gene encoding beta-xylosidase is part of the same carbon catabolite repression regulon as the amyE and bgIS genes.
Optimization of Borate-Based Gels Used for Wellbore Diversion During Well (1998)

Abstract Borate-based gels are commonly used as fracture fluids. However, they can be used during well stimulation to divert the acid into the target zones only. The gelling system examined consisted of guar gum or its derivatives, a suspending polymer, a pH elevator, a cross-linker, and a chemical breaker. Several gelling formulas were screened in the lab. Boron or zirconium was used as the cross-linker. The gelation time was measured as a function of temperature and gel composition. The effects of salinity and hardness of the mixing water on gel properties were studied. The apparent viscosity of the gelling solution was measured as a function of shear rate. Because the gel will be in contact with the acid, the rate of gel degradation by the acid was examined in detail. The results indicated that the gelation time decreased as the temperature was increased. The effect of temperature on the gelation time can be predicted using an Arrhenius-type equation. The gelation time was found be a function of initial pH, cross-linker concentration, water salinity and hardness. Acids (15 wt% HCl) reacted with the gel and formed a solid residue (brown particles). The amount of this residue was measured for various gels. A new technique was developed to determine the rate of gel degradation during field treatments. A temporary gel was used on a horizontal water injector to block the open hole, and acidize the newly perforated interval only. The first treatment failed due to premature setting of the gelling solution inside the coiled tubing. Lab results indicated that the fast setting of the gelling solution was due to the presence of acidic contaminants in the mixing tank from a previous acid job. These contaminants lowered the pH of the gelling solution, and caused premature setting of the gelling solution. It was also found that a brine different from the field mixing water was used to measure the gelation time. The gelation time using the field mixing water was found to be less than that measured using the lab water by a factor of 6. Several modifications were introduced to the gelling system and its field application was modified to avoid similar problems. The second treatment was successfully applied in the field, where the injection rate increased by a factor of 1.5. Measuring the concentration of boron in the acid returns confirmed that the acid broke the gel. Based on extensive lab/field work, guidelines to use the borate-based gels for zone isolation during well stimulation were specified. P. 449
Preliminary phytochemical screening and gas chromatographic FID evaluation of Garcinia kola seed extracts (2014)

The present study examined preliminary bioactive constituents and gas chromatographic FID evaluation of Garcinia kola seeds. Results obtained from the preliminary screening showed that the following phytochemical compounds were present flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroids and reducing sugars. These phytochemicals are known to play important roles in the bioactivity of medicinal plants. Results of the gas chromatographic FID evaluation showed that Garcinia kola contained various amount of phytochemicals. For steroids, sitosterol, campesterol, and Avenasterol had the highest concentration of 1.43 mg/100 g, 0.159 mg/100 g, 0.076 mg/100 g while in saponin, Neochlorogenin, yamogenin, tigogenin had the highest concentration of 6.286 mg/100 g, 0.910 mg/100 g, 0.017 mg/100 g. In Alkaloid lupanine, undulatine, powelline, vocangine had the highest concentration of 192.534 mg/100 g, 166.812 mg/100 g, 124.452 mg, 100 g while Dihydro-oxo- Dimethoxytyramine had the lowest concentration of 2.865 mg/100 g. Linalool, Nerol and Alpha Bergamotene had the highest concentration of 35.213 mg/100 g, 32.154 mg/100 g, 11.787 mg/100 g in Terpenes while terpineol had the lowest concentration of 0.0136 mg/100 g. Salicin and Arbutin has the highest concentration of 83.648 mg/100 g, 2.724 mg/100 g while Digitoxin has the lowest level of 0.0444 mg/100 g in glycosides. Diallythiosulphinate had the highest value of 0.0032 mg/100 g in Allicin while Apigenin was highest 42.439 mg/100 g in Lignan. Beta-crytoxanthin and Xanthophyll had the highest concentration of 436.126 mg/100 g and 314.343 mg/100 g in carotenoid. Findings showed Garcinia kola can be useful in the pharmaceutical and medicinal sciences.
Microwave Assisted Extraction of Biodiesel Feedstock from the Seeds of Invasive Chinese Tallow Tree (2010)

Chinese tallow tree (TT) seeds are a rich source of lipids and have the potential to be a biodiesel feedstock, but currently, its invasive nature does not favor large scale cultivation. Being a nonfood material, they have many advantages over conventional crops that are used for biodiesel production. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal oil extraction parameters in a batch-type and laboratory scale continuous-flow microwave system to obtain maximum oil recovery from whole TT seeds using ethanol as the extracting solvent. For the batch system, extractions were carried out for different time-temperature combinations ranging from 60 to 120 degrees C for up to 20 min. The batch system was modified for continuous extractions, which were carried out at 50, 60, and 73 degrees C and maintained for various residence times of up to 20 min. Control runs were performed under similar extraction conditions and the results compared well, especially when accounting for extremely short extraction times (minutes vs hours). Maximum yields of 35.32% and 32.51% (by weight of dry mass) were obtained for the continuous and batch process, respectively. The major advantage of microwave assisted solvent extraction is the reduced time of extraction required to obtain total recoverable lipids, with corresponding reduction in energy consumption costs per unit of lipid extracted. This study indicates that microwave extraction using ethanol as a solvent can be used as a viable alternative to conventional lipid extraction techniques for TT seeds.
Multiband Ultrathin Polarization-Insensitive Terahertz Perfect Absorbers With Complementary Metamaterial and Resonator Based on High-Order Electric and Magnetic Resonances (2018)

Terahertz perfect metamaterial absorbers (PMA) based on higher order resonances have exhibited important applications in detecting, sensing, and imaging. However, most of them suffer from polarization and incident-angle dependence due to their asymmetrical structure. Here, we numerically investigate a kind of ultrathin triple-band PMA with polarization stability and wide angle of incidence. Numerical results reveal that three resonance peaks with nearly 100% absorptivity are obtained at 1.605, 4.425, and 4.946 THz under different polarization angles. It is interestingly found that the absorptance of two higher order resonances is inversely increased when the size of the middle dielectric spacer is smaller. The three resonance peaks in transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes nearly maintain fixed for oblique incidence up to 60°. Importantly, another four-band and dual-band perfect absorptions are easily achieved by a complementary method without doing iterative numerical simulation. The complementary metamaterial based absorber reaches more than 98% absorptance at four resonance frequencies. The metamaterial absorber based on complementary resonator also obtains two absorption peaks at 2.65 and 5.84 THz.
HLB, from a thermodynamic perspective (1981)

Recently collated phase information on AMPHIPHILE/WATER SYSTEMS, spanning a wide range of molecular structures, permits one to view HYDROPHILICITY from a fresh perspective, one which is essentially thermodynamic in character. Hydrophilicity in this context is related to the ability of an amphiphilic molecule to display ASSOCIATION COLLOID BEHAVIOR. Inspection of phase information allows one to do two things: 1) recognize the existence of association colloid behavior in a given system; and 2) compare different functional groups as to the strength of their hydrophilicity. It is found that the majority of polar functional groups--including many that possess trong dipoles and display hydrogen bonding to water--are not operative as hydrophilic groups. It is suggested that hydrophilicity is associated with multiplicity and geometry of hydration as well as with the thermodynamic strength of hydration. Operative hydrophilic groups may be organized into two major classes and five subclasses, and these ranked in order of relative hydrophilicity (anionic- cationic&gt; zwitterionic&gt; semipolar • single bond). The basis for classifying zwitterionics in the nonionic lass, and the confusion resulting from acid-base quilibria, which introduce other species of another class or produce an amphiphile having a non-operative polar functional group, are discussed. The rank order of selected functional groups within each subclass i considered. Finally, the proper place of HLB, however defined, in the process of interrelating information of various kinds and levels of complexity, is considered.