gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of gene and chromosome dosage in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. (1998)

Using different techniques on the same specimen was useful to determine genetic relationships between cancer and its precursors. PIN and prostatic carcinoma foci have a similar proportion of genetic changes, but foci of carcinoma usually have more alterations. This supports the hypothesis that PIN is the most likely precursor of prostatic carcinoma.
Novel Monocrystalline Silicon Micromirrors for Maskless Lithography (2007)

A novel monocrystalline silicon micromirror structure for improving image fidelity in laser pattern generators is presented. Analytical- and finite element analysis of the structure as well as an outline of the fabrication scheme to realize the structure are given. Electrostatic actuated test-structures have been fabricated and characterized using an optical profiler. The spring constant of the micromirror structure can be designed independently of the stiffness of the mirror-surface. This makes it possible to design a mirror with very good planarity, resistance to sagging during actuation, and it reduces influence from stress in reflectivity-increasing multi-layer coatings.
Orbital maneuvering end effectors (1986)

This invention relates to an end effector device for grasping and maneuvering objects such as berthing handles of a space telescope. The device includes a V-shaped capture window defined as inclined surfaces in parallel face plates which converge toward a retainer recess in which the handle is retained. A pivotal finger (30) meshes with a pair of pivoted fingers which rotate in counterrotation. The fingers rotate to pull a handle within the capture window into recess where latches lock handle in the recess. To align the capture window, plates may be cocked plus or minus five degrees on base. Drive means is included in the form of a motor coupled with a harmonic drive speed reducer, which provides for slow movement of the fingers at a high torque so that large articles may be handled. Novelty of the invention is believed to reside in the combined intermeshing finger structure, drive means and the harmonic drive speed reducer, which features provide the required maneuverability and strength.
Micromachined on-wafer probes (2010)

A micromachined on-wafer probe is designed, fabricated and measured at W-Band as a proof of concept for probes operating at sub-millimeter wavelengths. A fabrication process is developed to create devices that combine a waveguide probe with a GSG probe tip on a 15 μm silicon substrate. This device is housed in a metal machined waveguide block that provides mechanical support for the probe and connection to a waveguide flange. Load-cell measurements show a DC contact resistance below 0.07 Ω with a force of 1 mN. A two-tier TRL calibration characterizes the operation of the electromagnetic design and an insertion loss of 1.75 dB is achieved; this is comparable with commercial probes operating in the same band.
Label Disentanglement in Partition-based Extreme Multilabel Classification (2021)

Partition-based methods are increasingly-used in extreme multi-label classification (XMC) problems due to their scalability to large output spaces (e.g., millions or more). However, existing methods partition the large label space into mutually exclusive clusters, which is sub-optimal when labels have multi-modality and rich semantics. For instance, the label Apple can be the fruit or the brand name, which leads to the following research question: can we disentangle these multi-modal labels with non-exclusive clustering tailored for downstream XMC tasks? In this paper, we show that the label assignment problem in partition-based XMC can be formulated as an optimization problem, with the objective of maximizing precision rates. This leads to an efficient algorithm to form flexible and overlapped label clusters, and a method that can alternatively optimizes the cluster assignments and the model parameters for partition-based XMC. Experimental results on synthetic and real datasets show that our method can successfully disentangle multi-modal labels, leading to state-of-the-art (SOTA) results on four XMC benchmarks.
Development of weft-knitted spacer fabrics with negative stiffness effect in a special range of compression displacement (2015)

Negative stiffness refers to a negative ratio of the force to the displacement in a deformed material system. It can be very useful in the design and fabrication of vibration isolation systems. In this study, a new kind of weft-knitted spacer structure that can achieve negative stiffness under compression was specially developed by using elastic yarn to knit the outer layers of spacer structure. Twelve fabric samples were knitted on an electronic flat knitting machine with three different linking distances and four diameters of spacer monofilaments. The compression tests were conducted to verify the negative stiffness effect of the fabrics after a steaming treatment. The results obtained have shown that the negative stiffness effect can be obtained for weft-knitted spacer fabrics in a special range of compression displacement if suitable fabric structure and fiber materials are used, and the decrease of the linking distance of spacer monofilaments can enhance the negative stiffness effect. It is expected that this study could provide useful information in the design and fabrication of spacer fabrics for vibration isolation.
Vibration Damping Device for an Elevator (2011)

In a vibration damping device for an elevator, an actuator for generating a vibration damping force acting on an elevator car is provided in parallel with a spring for urging a guide roller against a guide rail. The actuator is controlled by a controller. The controller determines the vibration damping force to be generated by the actuator based on information from a car frame acceleration sensor for detecting horizontal acceleration of a car frame and a car cage acceleration sensor for detecting horizontal acceleration of a car cage.
TH-C-J-6B-01: Guided Surgery Using Rapid Prototyping Patient Specific Guides (2005)

Purpose: One of the basic tenets of Neurosurgical planning is the ability to generate an operative approach that minimizes the disruption of normal tissues while allowing the required access to target tissues. To aid the surgeon in his or her ability to appreciate the location of target tissues, as well as the relationship of the target to normal tissues, graphical workstation have been employed. The introduction of Image Guidance Systems (IGS) into OR has brought along a host of new computers, infrared camera systems and radio frequency transmitters and receivers, all of which pose restrictions on the placement and operation of the other equipment needed for the operative procedure. In order to provide the advantages of IGS while avoiding the problems associated with the commercial equipment we elected to investigate a mechanical alternative, one that did not require any of the above equipment to be present with the operating room. Method and Materials: Recently, a new generation of 3-dimensional printers has been developed. These systems are capable of fabricating OR compatible objects within an hour of design. The goal of this project is to develop software that provides the surgeon with the ability to build a patient specific 3D model from a diagnostic image dataset and to then plan a surgical procedure. Utilizing the 3D patient specific model, the software designs a patient specific reference frame and fabricates the frame using rapid prototyping technology. This reference frame incorporate all necessary trajectories, including mechanical referencing to the patient, guidance for initial skin incision, trajectory alignment to the target tissues, as well as providing a mechanical platform for mounting other surgical tools. Results Conclusion: We have written and tested this new generation of software on phantom targets and are now engaged in an IRB surgical trial assessing the system's accuracy and precision.
Realization of cochlear filters by VLT switched capacitor biquads (1992)

The realization of cochlear filters using switched capacitor biquads is described. This approach is made possible by a new design technique, called charge-differencing (CD), which easily reduces by 25% (or more) the silicon area required to implement very-large-time-constant (VLT) biquads. In this technique, filter time constants are controlled by both the product of two capacitor ratios and the differences of capacitor values, making the capacitor spread ratio very small. The new switched capacitor biquads are also stabilized against operational-amplifier nonideal characteristics, such as input offsets and finite gains, using a two-phase gain- and offset-compensation method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduced Cracking in Oxide Fiber‐Reinforced Oxide Composites via Freeze‐Dry Processing (2015)

Porous oxide matrix composites typically develop significant numbers of matrix cracks during processing. Eliminating such cracks will lead to improved matrix‐dominated properties and will also provide a significant step toward producing a dense oxide matrix composite. However, attaining a crack‐free oxide matrix composite has been elusive due to the large shrinkages of the matrix in drying and sintering in the presence of the constraints to macro shrinkage imposed by fiber reinforcement, and to direct effects of drying. By utilizing a camphene based freeze‐drying process combined with a nonshrinking matrix, the shrinkage cracks in an oxide fiber‐reinforced composite can be essentially eliminated. This concept was validated for 2D fabric‐reinforced composites.
Cloning and Characterization of Mevalonate Pathway Genes in a Natural Rubber Producing Plant,<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> (2008)

Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. is a tree that produces natural rubber, an industrially vital isoprenoid polymer. Biosynthesis of natural rubber is known to take place biochemically by a mevalonate (MVA) pathway, but molecular biological characterization of related genes has been insufficient. From H. brasiliensis, we obtained full-length cDNA of genes encoding all of the enzymes that catalyze the six steps of the MVA pathway. Alignment analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed that in H. brasiliensis there are three acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase genes, two HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS) genes, and four HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) genes. Gene expression analysis by type of tissue indicated that MVA pathway genes were highly expressed in latex, as compared to other types of tissue and that HMGS and HMGR, which exist in multiple copies, have different expression patterns. Moreover, these MVA pathway genes in H. brasiliensis were found to complement MVA pathway deletion mutations in yeast.
A language for information flow (2009)

This paper presents λI, a language for dynamic tracking of information flow across multiple, interdependent dimensions of information. Typical dimensions of interest are integrity and confidentiality. λI supports arbitrary domain-specific policies that can be developed independently. λI treats information-flow metadata as a first-class entity and tracks information flow on the metadata itself (integrity on integrity, integrity on confidentiality, etc.).
A Power Frequency Converter (1979)

This paper describes a new approach to the realization of a power frequency converter. The system is designed to accept either a three phase or single phase input with an unregulated frequency and to produce a single phase output with a precise 60 hz frequency. The system uses only one high speed power transistor switch and two SCR's featuring zero crossover switching. With a three phase input, the only power filter required in the system is designed to filter out a 25 Khz chopper frequency.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of 1,7-Disubstituted-1,3,5-triazepane-2,4-diones (2001)

[reaction: see text]. The solid-phase synthesis of 1,7-disubstituted-1,3,5-triazepane-2,4-diones from resin-bound amino acids is described. The exhaustive reduction of solid-support bound amides with borane afforded the requisite secondary amines, which following treatment with phenyl isocyanatoformate and cleavage, provided the corresponding triazepane-2,4-diones.
Fast-clamped short-circuit protection of IGBT's (1999)

Identification of fault current during the operation of a power semiconductor switch and activation of suitable remedial actions are important for reliable operation of power converters. A short circuit is a basic and severe fault situation in a circuit structure, such as voltage-source converters. This paper presents a new active protection circuit for fast and precise clamping and safe shutdown of fault currents of the insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). This circuit allows operation of the IGBTs with a higher on-state gate voltage, which can thereby reduce the conduction loss in the device without compromising the short-circuit protection characteristics. The operation of the circuit is studied under various conditions, considering variation of temperature, rising rate of fault current, gate voltage value and protection circuit parameters. An evaluation of the operation of the circuit is made using IGBTs from different manufacturers to confirm the effectiveness of the protection circuit.
High dynamic range imaging using camera arrays (2017)

While High Dynamic Range (HDR) image generation using computational approaches has seen widespread adoption in consumer photography, computational approaches for HDR video creation are only just beginning to emerge. In this paper, we present an algorithm for HDR video generation using short baseline camera arrays (cameras placed close together) with varying exposures. Our main contributions are an algorithm for disparity estimation that specifically targets short baseline camera arrays and an alignment algorithm that minimizes visual artifacts even in the presence of disparity errors. Finally, we present results using our algorithm on real world videos captured using a camera array to demonstrate the success of this application.
Shape‐Selective Zeolites Promote Ethylene Formation from Syngas via a Ketene Intermediate (2018)

Syngas conversion by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is characterized by a wide distribution of hydrocarbon products ranging from one to a few carbon atoms. Reported here is that the product selectivity is effectively steered toward ethylene by employing the oxide-zeolite (OX-ZEO) catalyst concept with ZnCrO<sub>x</sub> -mordenite (MOR). The selectivity of ethylene alone reaches as high as 73 % among other hydrocarbons at a 26 % CO conversion. This selectivity is significantly higher than those obtained in any other direct syngas conversion or the multistep process methanol-to-olefin conversion. This highly selective pathway is realized over the catalytic sites within the 8-membered ring (8MR) side pockets of MOR via a ketene intermediate rather than methanol in the 8MR or 12MR channels. This study provides substantive evidence for a new type of syngas chemistry with ketene as the key reaction intermediate and enables extraordinary ethylene selectivity within the OX-ZEO catalyst framework.
Preclinical development of a miR-132 inhibitor for heart failure treatment (2020)

Despite proven efficacy of pharmacotherapies targeting primarily global neurohormonal dysregulation, heart failure (HF) is a growing pandemic with increasing burden. Treatments mechanistically focusing at the cardiomyocyte level are lacking. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are transcriptional regulators and essential drivers of disease progression. We previously demonstrated that miR-132 is both necessary and sufficient to drive the pathological cardiomyocytes growth, a hallmark of adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, miR-132 may serve as a target for HF therapy. Here we report further mechanistic insight of the mode of action and translational evidence for an optimized, synthetic locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor (antimiR-132). We reveal the compound's therapeutic efficacy in various models, including a clinically highly relevant pig model of HF. We demonstrate favourable pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, dose-dependent PK/PD relationships and high clinical potential for the antimiR-132 treatment scheme.
Immunodiagnosis of <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> Infection with Recombinant Proteins (2001)

Ehrlichia canis causes a potentially fatal rickettsial disease of dogs that requires rapid and accurate diagnosis in order to initiate appropriate therapy leading to a favorable prognosis. We recently reported the cloning of two immunoreactive E. canis proteins, P28 and P140, that were applicable for serodiagnosis of the disease. In the present study we cloned a new immunoreactive E. canis surface protein gene of 1,170 bp, which encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 42.6 kDa (P43). The P43 gene was not detected in E. chaffeensis DNA by Southern blot, and antisera against recombinant P43 (rP43) did not react with E. chaffeensis as detected by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay. Forty-two dogs exhibiting signs and/or hematologic abnormalities associated with canine ehrlichiosis were tested by IFA assay and by recombinant Western immunoblot. Among the 22 samples that were IFA positive for E. canis, 100% reacted with rP43, 96% reacted with rP28, and 96% reacted with rP140. The specificity of the recombinant proteins compared to the IFAs was 96% for rP28, 88% for P43 and 63% for P140. The results of this study demonstrate that the rP43 and rP28 are sensitive and reliable serodiagnostic antigens for E. canis infections.
Disaster Policy Optimization: A Simulation Based Approach (2007)

To help disaster response organizations improve the management of regional emergency assets and operations, we propose to interface an agent-based, discrete event simulator with a geographic information system and a rule base (describing standard policies and protocols for various disaster responses). The system architecture will enable modules to dynamically “talk” with each other by exchanging real-time data and making intelligent deductions. This integrated system is designed to accurately mimic the real-world disaster response scenarios. The system will be used to better assess how various configurations and operations of emergency resources might impact the effectiveness of responses to various large-scale incidents.
Glial toxicity in urine and multiple sclerosis (2001)

The biochemical and biological characterization of a cytotoxic activity targeting macroglial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes), in moncyte cultures and in CSF of a patient with multiple sclerosis, has previously been described. In further studies, cell-based tests have shown a good correlation between this glial cytotoxic (gliotoxic) activity, in CSF or in urine, and MS. We now present results obtained with urine samples from 102 MS patients, 51 patients with other neurological disease and 35 healthy subjects using a bioassay set up for the detection of an apoptosis-like effect induced in a glial cell-line. Significant gliotoxicity was detected in urine from 74/102 MS patients while only 4/51 neurological controls (P>0.001) and never in healthy subjects (P>0.001). Given the statistical tendency provided by this bioassay and its technical limitations for routine testing, it is now used for monitoring the molecular characterization of this 'gliotoxic factor'. Its replacement by a specific immunoassay could provide more accurate routine techniques for the detection of this biological marker in MS.
Uscope: A scalable unified tracer from kernel to user space (2014)

Unified tracing is the process of collecting trace logs across the boundary of kernel and user spaces, and has been used to understand the in-depth correspondence between low level events and application program context for diagnosing system failures and performance problems. Crossing the boundary from the kernel space to a user space to collect trace events from dual spaces imposes challenges compared to crossing the boundary in the other way from a user space to the kernel space due to multiple scheduled programs and diverse code layouts in the user space regarding the tracing target. In this paper, we propose a novel unified tracing system called Uscope to systematically trace kernel and unprecedented user code with low overhead. The key idea is to use an efficient variant of stack walking. Uscope lowers stack walking overhead by adjusting the scope of walking in two ways: (1) a highly configurable focus within the call stack, and (2) a per-application tracing that systematically tracks a dynamic set of new, exiting, or transforming processes and threads of an application software. This system is realized by using a flexible stack walking algorithm and a runtime kernel structure, Trace Map. These key features lead to low run-time overhead under 6% relative to native execution on a set of widely used benchmarks.
Stability of isolated antibody-antigen complexes as a predictive tool for selecting toxin neutralizing antibodies (2016)

Ricin is an A-B ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) toxin composed of an A-chain subunit (RTA) that contains a catalytic N-glycosidase and a B-chain (RTB) lectin domain that binds cell surface glycans. Ricin exploits retrograde transport to enter into the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum, and then dislocates into the cytoplasm where it can reach its substrate, the rRNA. A subset of isolated antibodies (Abs) raised against the RTA subunit protect against ricin intoxication, and RTA-based vaccine immunogens have been shown to provide long-lasting protective immunity against the holotoxin. Anti-RTA Abs are unlikely to cross a membrane and reach the cytoplasm to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the A-chain. Moreover, there is not a strict correlation between the apparent binding affinity (K<sub>a</sub>) of anti-RTA Abs and their ability to successfully neutralize ricin toxicity. Some anti-RTA antibodies are toxin-neutralizing, whereas others are not. We hypothesize that neutralizing anti-RTA Abs may interfere selectively with conformational change(s) or partial unfolding required for toxin internalization. To test this hypothesis, we measured the melting temperatures (T<sub>m</sub>) of neutralizing single-domain Ab (sdAb)-antigen (Ag) complexes relative to the T<sub>m</sub> of the free antigen (T<sub>m</sub>-shift = T<sub>m</sub><sup>complex</sup> - T<sub>m</sub><sup>Ag</sup>), and observed increases in the T<sub>m</sub><sup>complex</sup> of 9-20 degrees. In contrast, non-neutralizing sdAb-Ag complexes shifted the T<sub>m</sub><sup>Complex</sup> by only 6-7 degrees. A strong linear correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.992) was observed between the magnitude of the T<sub>m</sub>-shift and the viability of living cells treated with the sdAb and ricin holotoxin. The T<sub>m</sub>-shift of the sdAb-Ag complex provided a quantitative biophysical parameter that could be used to predict and rank-order the toxin-neutralizing activities of Abs. We determined the first structure of an sdAb-RTA1-33/44-198 complex, and examined other sdAb-RTA complexes. We found that neutralizing sdAb bound to regions involved in the early stages of unfolding. These Abs likely interfere with steps preceding or following endocytosis that require conformational changes. This method may have utility for the characterization or rapid screening of other Ab that act to prevent conformational changes or unfolding as part of their mechanism of action.