gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
eIF4E phosphorylation regulates ongoing pain, independently of inflammation, and hyperalgesic priming in the mouse CFA model (2018)

Mitogen activated protein kinase-interacting kinase (MNK)-mediated phosphorylation of the mRNA cap binding protein eIF4E controls the translation of a subset of mRNAs that are involved in neuronal and immune plasticity. MNK-eIF4E signaling plays a crucial role in the response of nociceptors to injury and/or inflammatory mediators. This signaling pathway controls changes in excitability that drive acute pain sensitization as well as the translation of mRNAs, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that enhance plasticity between dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors and second order neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. However, since MNK-eIF4E signaling also regulates immune responses, we sought to assess whether decreased pain responses are coupled to decreased inflammatory responses in mice lacking MNK-eIF4E signaling. Our results show that while inflammation resolves more quickly in mice lacking MNK-eIF4E signaling, peak inflammatory responses measured with infrared imaging are not altered in the absence of this signaling pathway even though pain responses are significantly decreased. We also find that inflammation fails to produce hyperalgesic priming, a model for the transition to a chronic pain state, in mice lacking MNK-eIF4E signaling. We conclude that MNK-eIF4E signaling is a critical signaling pathway for the generation of nociceptive plasticity leading to acute pain responses to inflammation and the development of hyperalgesic priming.
Stable Integration of Vectors at High Copy Number for High-Level Expression in Animal Cells (2003)

The efficient production of proteins via expression of recombinant genes in cells other than those that naturally produce the protein has been critical to the study and the therapeutic utility of a wide variety of proteins. E. coli expression systems are useful for many proteins. However, large complex proteins are not expressed efficiently in bacteria. Also, bacterial expression cannot be used for eukaryotic proteins that require glycosylation for their activity. Some established animal cell lines can be used as production hosts since they are easily transfected, can grow to high cell densities, and can be propagated in low-serum or serum-free medium.
PRORP proteins support RNase P activity in both organelles and the nucleus in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2012)

RNase P is an essential enzyme that cleaves the 5' leader sequence of tRNA precursors. RNase Ps were believed until now to occur universally as ribonucleoproteins in organisms performing RNase P activity. Here we find that protein-only RNase P enzymes called PRORP (for proteinaceous RNase P) support RNase P activity in vivo in both organelles and the nucleus in Arabidopsis. Beyond tRNA, PRORP proteins are involved in the maturation of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and mRNA. Finally, ribonucleoprotein RNase MRP is not involved in tRNA maturation in plants. Altogether, our results indicate that ribonucleoprotein enzymes have been entirely replaced by proteins for RNase P activity in plants.
Estimators for Orientation and Anisotropy in Digitized Images (1995)

This paper describes a technique for characterization and segmentation of anisotropic patterns that exhibit a single local orientation.Using Gaussian derivatives we construct a gradient-square tensor at a selected scale.Smoothing of this tensor allows us to combine information in a local neighborhood without canceling vectors pointing in opposite directions.Whereas opposite vectors would cancel, their tensors reinforce.Consequently, the tensor characterizes orientation rather than direction.Usually this local neighborhood is at least a few times larger than the scale parameter of the gradient operators.The eigenvalues yield a measure for anisotropy whereas the eigenvectors indicate the local orientation.In addition to these measures we can detect anomalies in textured patterns.
Controlling Particle Size and Structural Properties of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Using the Taguchi Method (2011)

The Taguchi method, a statistical design with an L8 orthogonal array, was adopted to optimize the synthetic conditions of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with respect to particle size and structural properties. The amount of the silica source (i.e., tetraethoxysilane), pH value, and reaction time were selected as significant parameters affecting the size and structural properties of the synthesized MSNs. Particle sizes ranging from 17 to 247 nm were successfully controlled by the Taguchi method, and the statistical data based on experimental results indicated that the pH value of the silica/surfactant precursor solution had a greater influence (57%) on particle size than did reaction time and the TEOS amount (29% and 13%, respectively). The effects of individual parameters on particle size and structural properties, such as surface area and structural ordering, were also investigated by changing one parameter at a time. We concluded that the pH value strongly affected mesostructural ordering and particle size. Longer reaction times in basic conditions had little effect on structural ordering but caused erosion of the MSN silica framework, resulting in smaller particle sizes. The minimum amount of TEOS for ordered MSNs was 5 mL, and more TEOS slightly increased the particle size of the synthesized MSNs. The rational design and systematic investigation of synthetic conditions for MSNs with controllable particle sizes and structural properties presented in this study show great potential for MSN-based catalytic and biomedical applications.
Preparation of Liposomes Modified with Lipopeptides Using a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Reverse-phase Evaporation Method (2011)

Although liposomes are considered to be one of the most promising carriers for drug delivery systems (DDS), they have drawbacks such as insufficient drug-entrapment efficiency and long-term stability. The objectives of this study are to improve the trapping efficiency by addition of lipopeptides (LPs), and using a supercritical CO(2) reverse-phase evaporation (SCRPE) process, along with incorporation of PEG-modified phospholipids to improve long-term stability. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model drug substance for entrapment by liposomes. Improvements in the entrapment efficiency and stability of liposomes were achieved by modification with LPs and use of a SCRPE preparation process. The BSA-entrapment efficiency of liposomes modified with cationic LPs with arginine residues, as a result of their ionic interactions, was six times that of liposomes prepared by the Bangham method. Use of a SCRPE method along with LP modification further enhanced entrapment and enabled spontaneous formation of unilamellar liposomes with long-term stability. Liposomes consisting of DPPC/Chol/C(16)-Arg2/DSPE-PEG2000 (60/30/5/5), with up to 70% entrapment efficiency for BSA and a stability level of 90% for over 40 h, were obtained. DSC and SAXS analyses indicated that certain amounts of LP in the DPPC induced phase-transitional and structural changes in the lamellar membrane, and these changes improved the DDS carrier properties.The SCRPE method provides organic-solvent-free liposomes, and the LPs for the liposome modification are derivatives of amino acids and fatty acids, which are sustainable and biocompatible materials. This study therefore suggests that there are opportunities for the development of novel DDS carriers with excellent performance and which address environmental concerns.
Mediolateral oversizing influences pain, function, and flexion after TKA (2013)

IV.
Human Proinsulin, IV. Synthesis of a Protected Peptide Fragment Corresponding to the Sequence 1-23 of the Prohormone (1980)

The synthesis of the protected peptide fragment: Boc-Phe-Val-Asn-Gln-His-Leu-Cys-(Trt)-Gly-Ser(But)-His-Leu-Val-Glu(OBut)-Ala-Le u-Tyr(But)-Leu-Val-Cys(Trt)-Gly-Glu(OBut)-Arg(HCl)-Gly-OH, corresponding to the sequence 1--23 of human proinsulin (sequence 1--23 of human insulin B chain) is described. The fragment was synthesized from two intermediate fragments: 1--16 and 17--23 and was purified by gel filtrationon Sephadex LH-20 in dimethylformamide.
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Immunity (2002)

A reciprocal regulation exists between the central nervous and immune systems through which the CNS signals the immune system via hormonal and neuronal pathways and the immune system signals the CNS through cytokines. The primary hormonal pathway by which the CNS regulates the immune system is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, through the hormones of the neuroendocrine stress response. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the function of the immune system primarily via adrenergic neurotransmitters released through neuronal routes. Neuroendocrine regulation of immune function is essential for survival during stress or infection and to modulate immune responses in inflammatory disease. Glucocorticoids are the main effector end point of this neuroendocrine system and, through the glucocorticoid receptor, have multiple effects on immune cells and molecules. This review focuses on the regulation of the immune response via the neuroendocrine system. Particular details are presented on the effects of interruptions of this regulatory loop at multiple levels in predisposition and expression of immune diseases and on mechanisms of glucocorticoid effects on immune cells and molecules.
A 50-MHz 10-ns submicron BiCMOS 2-way set associative cache tag memory (2002)

A highly-integrated 88-kb two-way set associative cache tag memory fabricated using 0.8- mu m BiCMOS technology has been developed. The device integrates two 8 K*5 RAMs for tag and parity storage, one 8 K*1 least recently used (LRU) RAM, and the associated cache interface control logic. The die area is 4.9 mm*6.9 mm. Address to MATCH delay is 10 ns, and all three RAM cells can be reset in less than 8 ns. In addition, active power consumption is less than 750 mW at 5 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction to MATLAB and SIMULINK: A Project Approach (2007)

This book provides the optimal introduction to MATLAB and Simulink, the primary tools in engineering, science, and industry for simulating dynamic systems. Using the latest versions of the software, the book also has 20 hands-on projects that provide a practical mastery of the subject areas including the code and executable files. Apart from a basic knowledge of mathematics and physics, no further specialist knowledge is necessary. There are also over 80, in-text, exercises where readers themselves can check their mastery of the material. A CD-ROM with source code accompanies the book.
Cytoprotective Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Ointment Containing Nafamostat, a Protease Inhibitor, on Tissue Damage at Burn Sites in Rats. (1993)

When epidermal growth factor (EGF) ointment containing a protease inhibitor, nafamostat (NM), was applied to burn sites in rats, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and protein content increased 45% and 60%, respectively, at these sites 1 d after the burns compared with the control ointment. Following treatment with EGF plus NM (EGF + NM) ointment, messenger RNA for SOD also increased, to about 1.6 times that of the control at 1 d after the burn, indicating that this ointment stimulates SOD synthesis at burn sites in vivo. In contrast, following treatment with EGF + NM ointment, the content of heat shock protein (HSP 70) in the burned tissue decreased to about 70% of the control value 1 d after the burn. These findings suggest that EGF + NM ointment alleviated tissue damage at burn sites at an early stage, and that this was related to the stimulation of SOD synthesis and reduced HSP 70 levels. We also examined the effects of SOD ointment on wound healing at burn sites. A dose-dependent increase in the dry weight of granulation tissue at wound sites 3 d after the burn was observed following the application of this ointment. These results suggest that SOD may play an important role in wound healing after burns.
Enhancement of <i>n</i>-Hexane Cracking Activity over Modified ZSM-12 Zeolites (2005)

A series of ZSM-12 samples were prepared by calcining them at different temperatures that are much higher than what is normally used. The catalytic activities of these samples were tested using cracking of n-hexane at 400 °C. It was found that the cracking activities of samples calcined at certain temperatures were unusually high: 3−4 times greater than that of the regular sample, which was calcined at 550 °C. Interestingly, this enhanced activity was observed at two separate, relatively narrow, ranges of temperatures: one around 650 °C and the other around 800 °C. Brönsted and Lewis acid sites attributed to extraframework cationic aluminum were quantified with Fourier transform infrared of adsorbed pyridine. The Lewis/Brönsted ratios of the enhanced-activity samples were high compared those of the low-activity samples; the trend in variation of the Lewis/Brönsted ratios of the samples with calcination temperature closely mirrored the trend observed for the catalytic activities. This is an indication that there is a synergistic interaction between the Brönsted and Lewis acid sites that is responsible for the enhanced cracking activity.
COMPARISON OF PAVEMENT SURFACE DISTRESS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS (1993)

Two state-of-the-art (late 1989) pavement distress data collection devices were used to evaluate 15 bituminous-surfaced test sections 152 m (0.1 mi) long. The Infrastructure Management Services (IMS) road surface tester was a laser-based system that produced a comprehensive array of rutting and cracking statistics for nominal pavement segments 0.16 km (0.1 mi) long. The PAVEDEX PAS-I system recorded the pavement surface condition on videotape, which was later visually analyzed by PAVEDEX technicians using Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) pavement management system network-level distress identification criteria. Data from the two systems were compared with distresses measured and mapped by KDOT engineering technicians using a ground survey. The average maximum rut depth measured by the IMS laser system provided a relatively precise estimate of rut depth severity. Only one linear correlation between IMS cracking data and KDOT distress data was significant at the 5% level. Given the comprehensive array of ten IMS cracking width and depth measurements, the absence of linear association with KDOT field data was unexpected. PAVEDEX video data generally detected the presence of transverse and fatigue cracking but had difficulty in assigning the correct KDOT severity code because perceived roughness associated with transverse cracking and differences between hairline and spalled fatigue cracking are used as criteria. Transvere cracks with secondary cracking were interpreted to be block cracking. As a general conclusion, the study indicated that the current KDOT distress rating criteria are not compatible with the capabilities of the two distress measurement systems.
Comparison of Multivariate Calibration and Discriminant Analysis in Evaluating NIR Spectroscopy for Determination of Meat Tenderness (1997)

Often the primary goal of analytical measurement tasks is not to find good estimates of continuous reference values but rather to determine whether a sample belongs to one of a number of categories or subgroups. In this paper the potential of different statistical techniques in the classification of raw beef samples in tenderness subgroups was studied. The reference values were based on sensory analysis of beef tenderness of 90 samples from bovine M. longissimus dorsi muscles. The sample set was divided into three categories—very tough, intermediate, and very tender—according to degree of tenderness. A training set of samples was used to find the relationship between category and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic measurements. The study indicates that classical discriminant analysis has advantages in comparison to multivariate calibration methods [i.e., principal component regression (PCR)], in this application. One reason for this observation seems to be that PCR underestimates high measurement values and overestimates low values. In this way most samples are assigned to the intermediate group of samples, causing a small number of erroneous classifications for the intermediate subgroup, but a large number of errors for the two extreme groups. With the use of PCR the number of correct classifications in the extreme subgroups was as low as 23%, while the use of discriminate analysis increased this number to almost 60%. The number of classifications in correct or neighbor subgroup for the two extreme subgroups was equal to 97%. A “bias-correction” was also attempted for PCR, and this gave results comparable to the best results obtained by discriminant analysis methods. Test sets used NIR analysis of fresh, raw beef samples with different processing. While this spectroscopic approach had previously been shown to be useful with frozen products, it appears unsuitable at this time for fresh beef. However, its marginal analytical utility proved useful in evaluating the two classification approaches employed in this study.
Spinel Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] Nanowires for High-Rate Li-Ion Intercalation Electrode (2007)

A large quantity of spinel Li4 Ti5 O12 nanowires was prepared by firing a mixture of Ti O2 1.25 H2 O nanowires and Li acetates at 800°C for 3 h. The spinel nanowire had a diameter of 150 nm, which was similar to that of Ti O2 H2 O nanowire. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the spinel wire was 38 m2 g, which was seven times higher than that of fine particles, which had a BET surface area of only 4.6 m2 g. The first discharge capacity was 165 mAhg at a 0.1 C rate and 93% capacity was retained even after a 10 C rate. We believe that these results were associated with a more active surface in the nanowires which facilitated faster lithium diffusion due to shorter pathways.
Enhancement of Drive System of Robot through Wireless Energy Transfer (2010)

The elimination of batteries in mobile robots attracts considerable attention in the field of robotics. The process of exclusion of batteries brings up economical reduction in cost, weight,recharging time and total working time of the robots. This system finds a way for the continuous operation of a mobile robot. The present study shows a new trend of drive system for autonomous vehicle operating on a continuous energy supplied with no batteries and wires. In this proposed system, the power transmission is actively done through a high power transmitter antenna coil and a receiver coil embedded in the autonomous vehicle. The drive system of the robot receives the energy from the receiver coil which acquires the energy through wireless from the transmitter coil. From the result of received energy, the designed spy robot has operated wide a distance of 100 cm with out any fluctuations. The efficiency of the energy obtained from the transmitter coil is around 60%. The maximum distance that the energy transmitted is up to 240cm with a fall in output voltage. The obtained result is tabulated.
Long-term outcome after the acute respiratory distress syndrome: different from general critical illness? (2017)

Surviving ARDS is associated with a long-term substantial reduction in health-related quality of life and such a reduction does not differ from findings in patients surviving other critical illness. In further research, a special attention should be paid to prevention measures of the 'post intensive care syndrome' as well as to patient important domains, which might better explain the patient's and families' demands.
Optimal evaluation of single-molecule force spectroscopy experiments (2007)

The forced rupture of single chemical bonds under external load is addressed. A general framework is put forward to optimally utilize the experimentally observed rupture force data for estimating the parameters of a theoretical model. As an application, we explore to what extent a distinction between several recently proposed models is feasible on the basis of realistic experimental data sets.
Frequency agile RF filter for interference attenuation (2012)

This paper introduces a frequency agile RF filter for interference attenuation in a base station RF frontend. Digital and RF systems are combined in a feed-forward architecture. This architecture provides a frequency response with multiple tunable transfer function zeros. This feed-forward architecture is called the hybrid RF-DSP feed-forward filter. Measurements demonstrate successful interferer suppression for operation at several bands between 800 and 1800 MHz. The group delay mismatch between the feed-forward paths is reduced with a delay line to achieve between 32 to 24 dB of attenuation for interferers with bandwidths from 1 to 8 MHz. The digital filter used within the prototype had 32 complex taps, thereby providing the RF filter with 32 tunable transfer function zeros.
Adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer to healing tendon—enhanced efficiency using a gelatin sponge (2003)

Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer is a potential method for enhancing tendon healing. We investigated the transfection of Ad5CMVntLacZ, an adenovirus containing the reporter gene LacZ, in primary cultured human rotator cuff tendon cells and in a rat Achilles tendon healing model in vivo. Ad5CMVempty, the adenoviral vector containing no inserted gene, was used as a control for adenoviral transfection alone. Activity of beta-galactosidase,the protein expressed by LacZ gene, was measured using a beta-galactosidase assay and detected visually by X-gal staining. Cultured cells were successfully transfected without impairing cell viability. Maximal beta-galactosidase activity was detected when cells were transfected at the dose of 1000 PFU/cell. The duration of LacZ expression was six days with a peak value at 24 h post-transfection. A transfection rate of 100% was obtained at 5000 PFU/cell. Successful in vivo transfection by Ad5CMVntLacZ was obtained in healing rat Achilles tendon as confirmed by X-gal staining. 0.4% of tendon cells were transfected when Ad5CMVntLacZ was injected into the tendon at a dose of 10(6) PFU. The rate rose to 2% with 10(8) PFU and 3% with 10(9) PFU. The duration of LacZ expression in vivo was 17 days. Transfection efficiency was enhanced threefold and localization improved when a gelatin sponge was used to deliver the adenovirus. The results demonstrate that adenovirus can be used to deliver a gene of interest to cultured human rotator cuff tendon cells and healing tendon, with gelatin sponge implantation enhancing adenoviral transfection efficiency in vivo.
Stream segregation on a single electrode as a function of pulse rate in cochlear implant listeners (2012)

While cochlear implants (CIs) usually provide high levels of speech recognition in quiet, speech recognition in noise remains challenging. To overcome these difficulties, it is important to understand how implanted listeners separate a target signal from interferers. Stream segregation has been studied extensively in both normal and electric hearing, as a function of place of stimulation. However, the effects of pulse rate, independent of place, on the perceptual grouping of sequential sounds in electric hearing have not yet been investigated. A rhythm detection task was used to measure stream segregation. The results of this study suggest that while CI listeners can segregate streams based on differences in pulse rate alone, the amount of stream segregation observed decreases as the base pulse rate increases. Further investigation of the perceptual dimensions encoded by the pulse rate and the effect of sequential presentation of different stimulation rates on perception could be beneficial for the future development of speech processing strategies for CIs.