gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance Gas Diffusion Layer with Hydrophobic Nanolayer under a Supersaturated Operation Condition for Fuel Cells (2015)

Reliable operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell requires proper water management to prevent water flooding in porous carbon materials such as the gas diffusion layer (GDL). In contrast to the conventional GDL that uses the "wet" dip-coating process with solvent and expensive polytetrafluoroethylene, we have proposed a novel GDL with a controlled hydrophobic silicone (i.e., hexamethyldisiloxane) nanolayer by a highly efficient and cost-effective "dry" deposition process. The GDL with the nanolayer exhibited an increased contact angle, decreased contact angle hysteresis, and suppressed water condensation. Even though the GDL with the nanolayer had a higher electrical resistance than the pristine GDL, the cell performance of the GDL with an optimum nanolayer thickness of 8.6 nm was practically the same as that of the pristine GDL under normal operating conditions. Under a supersaturated condition, the GDL with optimum nanolayer thickness exhibited much higher cell performance than the pristine GDL over all current densities due to enhanced hydrophobicity. Long-term operational stability and dynamic response of the GDL with the nanolayer were much improved over those of the pristine GDL.
Studies on the human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (1988)

The retinoblastoma susceptibility (RB) gene is unique among other cloned cancer genes because its causal role in a human cancer, retinoblastoma, was established by classical genetic methods before its isolation. Earlier hypotheses and experimental data suggested that inactivation of a gene in chromosome band 13q14 resulted in retinoblastoma formation. A gene in this region was identified as the RB gene on the basis of mutations found specifically in retinoblastoma tumors; however, its proposed biological activity in suppressing neoplasia has yet to be demonstrated. The RB gene product was identified as a nuclear phosphoprotein of 110 kD associated with DNA binding activity, suggesting that the RB protein may regulate other genes. Probes for the RB gene and gene product will be useful for genetic diagnosis of retinoblastoma susceptibility in affected families; for direct detection of mutant RB alleles; and, potentially, for genetic diagnosis of susceptibility to osteosarcoma and other tumors tentatively linked to RB-gene dysfunction. Continued study of the RB gene should yield further insight into mechanisms of oncogenesis, development, and gene regulation.
Phase Diagram of Nanoscale Alloy Particles Used for Vapor−Liquid−Solid Growth of Semiconductor Nanowires (2008)

We use transmission electron microscopy observations to establish the parts of the phase diagram of nanometer sized Au-Ge alloy drops at the tips of Ge nanowires (NWs) that determine their temperature-dependent equilibrium composition and, hence, their exchange of semiconductor material with the NWs. We find that the phase diagram of the nanoscale drop deviates significantly from that of the bulk alloy, which explains discrepancies between actual growth results and predictions on the basis of the bulk-phase equilibria. Our findings provide the basis for tailoring vapor-liquid-solid growth to achieve complex one-dimensional materials geometries.
Improving cross-modal face recognition using polarimetric imaging (2015)

We investigate the performance of polarimetric imaging in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum for cross-modal face recognition. For this work, polarimetric imagery is generated as stacks of three components: the conventional thermal intensity image (referred to as S<sub>0</sub>), and the two Stokes images, S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>, which contain combinations of different polarizations. The proposed face recognition algorithm extracts and combines local gradient magnitude and orientation information from S<sub>0</sub>, S<sub>1</sub>, and S<sub>2</sub> to generate a robust feature set that is well-suited for cross-modal face recognition. Initial results show that polarimetric LWIR-to-visible face recognition achieves an 18% increase in Rank-1 identification rate compared to conventional LWIR-to-visible face recognition. We conclude that a substantial improvement in automatic face recognition performance can be achieved by exploiting the polarization-state of radiance, as compared to using conventional thermal imagery.
Opto-electronic oscillator and its applications (2002)

We present the theoretical and experimental results of a new class of microwave oscillators called optoelectronic oscillators (OEO). We discuss techniques of achieving high stability single mode operation and demonstrate the applications of OEO in photonic communication systems.
Minimally Invasive Optical Beam Profiler (2004)

Proposed and demonstrated is a minimally invasive optical beam profiler using a non-pixelated liquid crystal spatial light modulator. The profiler features high detection sensitivity in the visible band, high 50 lines/mm spatial resolution, beam observation zone 100 % fill factor and magnification flexibility, and video rate operations. Applications for this beam profiler includes plug and test beam measurements with minimal interruptions and feedback effects introduced into the optical beam system under test.
Pattern voice-coil loudspeaker with baffles touching diaphragm (1979)

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Polysulfide Chalcogels with Ion-Exchange Properties and Highly Efficient Mercury Vapor Sorption (2012)

We report the synthesis of metal-chalcogenide aerogels from Pt(2+) and polysulfide clusters ([S(x)](2-), x = 3-6). The cross-linking reaction of these ionic building blocks in formamide solution results in spontaneous gelation and eventually forms a monolithic dark brown gel. The wet gel is transformed into a highly porous aerogel by solvent exchanging and subsequent supercritical drying with CO(2). The resulting platinum polysulfide aerogels possess a highly porous and amorphous structure with an intact polysulfide backbone. These chalcogels feature an anionic network that is charged balanced with potassium cations, and hosts highly accessible S-S bonding sites, which allows for reversible cation exchange and mercury vapor capture that is superior to any known material.
Identification and characterization of glima 38, a glycosylated islet cell membrane antigen, which together with GAD65 and IA2 marks the early phases of autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes. (1996)

Immunoprecipitating IgG autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD65, and/or a tyrosine phosphatase, IA2, are present in the majority of individuals experiencing pancreatic beta cell destruction and development of type 1 diabetes. Here we identify a third islet cell autoantigen, a novel 38-kD protein, which is specifically immunoprecipitated with sera from a subset of prediabetic individuals and newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients. The 38-kD autoantigen, named glima 38, is an amphiphilic membrane glycoprotein, specifically expressed in islet and neuronal cell lines, and thus shares the neuroendocrine expression patterns of GAD65 and IA2. Removal of N-linked carbohydrates results in a protein of 22,000 Mr. Glima 38 autoantibodies were detected in 16/86 (19%) of newly diagnosed patients, including three very young children, who had a rapid onset of disease, and in 6/44 (14%) of prediabetic individuals up to several years before clinical onset. The cumulative incidence of GAD65 and glima 38 antibodies in these two groups was 83 and 80%, respectively, and the cumulative incidence of GAD65, glima 38, and IA2 antibodies in the same groups was 91 and 84%, respectively. GAD65, IA2, and glima 38 represent three distinct targets of immunoprecipitating IgG autoantibodies associated with beta cell destruction and type 1 diabetes.
Bidirectional cascaded long term prediction for frame loss concealment in polyphonic audio signals (2012)

This paper proposes a frame loss concealment technique for audio signals, which is designed to overcome the main challenge due to the polyphonic nature of most music signals and is inspired by our recent research on compression of such signals. The underlying idea is to employ a cascade of long term prediction filters (tailored to the periodic components) to circumvent the pitfalls of naive waveform repetition, and to enable effective time-domain prediction of every periodic component from the immediate history. In the first phase, a cascaded filter is designed from available past samples and is used to predict across the lost frame(s). Available future reconstructed samples allow refinement of the filter parameters to minimize the squared prediction error across such samples. In the second phase a prediction is similarly performed in reverse from future samples. Finally the lost frame is interpolated as a weighted average of forward and backward predicted samples. Objective and subjective evaluation results for the proposed approach, in comparison with existing techniques, all incorporated within an MPEG AAC low delay decoder, provide strong evidence for considerable gains across a variety of polyphonic signals.
Liquid Crystalline Collagen: A Self-Assembled Morphology for the Orientation of Mammalian Cells (2009)

We report the creation of collagen films having a cholesteric banding structure with an orientation that can be systematically controlled. The action of hydrodynamic flow and rapid desiccation was used to influence the orientation of collagen fibrils, producing a film with a twisted plywood architecture. Adult human fibroblasts cultured on these substrates orient in the direction of the flow deposition, and filopodia are extended onto individual bands. Atomic force microscopy reveals the assembly of 30 nm collagen fibrils into the uniform cholesteric collagen films with a periodic surface relief. The generation of collagen with a reticular, "basket-weave" morphology when using lower concentrations is also discussed.
Sulfonic Acid Ring-Substituted Polyaniline, A Self-Doped Conducting Polymer (1990)

Abstract Sulfonic acid ring-substituted polyaniline has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-vis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Approximately 50% of the total number of phenyl rings in the polymer are mono-substituted by -SO− 3 groups. Without external doping, the ring-sulfonated polyaniline has a conductivity of ∼0.03 S/cm; it is therefore a “self-doped” conducting polymer. The water soluble sodium salt of the ring-sulfonated polyaniline is an insulator and can be reversibly converted back to the self-doped conducting form by treatment with aqueous acid.
Is waveform analysis a viable consideration for implantable devices given its computational demand? (2002)

Morphometric analysis of intracardiac waveforms provides a potentially valuable feature for identification of abnormal cardiac activation. Its use as a companion to rate analysis for rhythm classification has been suggested for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Preliminary studies have shown improved specificity of diagnosis which could be expected to reduce false shocks. Power consumption is directly related to computational burden, thus abbreviated algorithms are required if this technology is to be considered viable for battery-operated devices. In this study, three fast algorithms were tested on 16 patient recordings containing sinus rhythm, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation in the same patient, and compared to correlation waveform analysis (CWA) of the same rhythm passages. Results showed that fast algorithms, with reduced computational load were equally robust and yielded equivalent results to CWA. Promise for such algorithms in future ICDs remains a viable possibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Bufferbloat Problem over Intermittent Multi-Gbps mmWave Links (2016)

Due to massive available spectrum in the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands, cellular systems in these frequencies may provides orders of magnitude greater capacity than networks in conventional lower frequency bands. However, due to high susceptibility to blocking, mmWave links can be extremely intermittent in quality. This combination of high peak throughputs and intermittency can cause significant challenges in end-to-end transport-layer mechanisms such as TCP. This paper studies the particularly challenging problem of bufferbloat. Specifically, with current buffering and congestion control mechanisms, high throughput-high variable links can lead to excessive buffers incurring long latency. In this paper, we capture the performance trends obtained while adopting two potential solutions that have been proposed in the literature: Active queue management (AQM) and dynamic receive window. We show that, over mmWave links, AQM mitigates the latency but cannot deliver high throughput. The main reason relies on the fact that the current congestion control was not designed to cope with high data rates with sudden change. Conversely, the dynamic receive window approach is more responsive and therefore supports higher channel utilization while mitigating the delay, thus representing a viable solution.
A STUDY ON FERROELECTRIC PHASE SHIFTER WITH PHOTONIC-BANDGAP (PBG) STRUCTURE (2005)

ABSTRACT In order to get the low-loss microwave tunable device, we adopted the photonic-bandgap (PBG) structure based on BST thin films on MgO (001) single crystal substrate. We designed and fabricated a microstrip ferroelectric phase shifter with PBG structure for microwave integrated circuit. The proposed multilayer PBG structure consisted of microstrip tunable interdigital (IDT) patterns atop BST thin film and two square defected areas in the ground metallic plane. To analyze microwave characteristics of the proposed multilayer PBG structure, finite-element-method (FEM) was used. The fabricated phase shifter shows 103° differential phase shift, 3.3 dB insertion loss, and return loss of better than 20 dB at 20 GHz with dc-bias variation from 0 V to 110 V.
Cooperative functions of MHC II, HLA-DM, and cathepsins enhance the selection of immunodominant epitopes (P5008) (2013)

Abstract We developed a minimalist cell-free antigen-processing system for MHC class II that can identify physiologically selected T cell epitopes from antigens. The system utilizes purified proteins: HLA-DR1, cathepsin B, H, S, and HLA-DM. It was designed to mimic the specialized compartment for antigen processing with known defined molecular composition so that it can be a useful tool for elucidating steps involved in antigen processing and understanding the mechanisms of epitope selection. We found that prior digestion of antigens even for a few minutes eliminated the possibility of their immunodominant epitope capture by DR1. However, if those antigens were captured by DR1 first in the presence of DM, dominant epitopes were successfully selected. We observed simultaneously binding of DR1 and DR4 to denatured proteins detected by the biacore method. In another case, pre-digestion of antigen did not destroy the dominant epitope even though it showed sensitivity to DM mediated dissociation. We saw that this epitope got selected because it was less susceptible to enzymatic digestions and it was able to rebind to DR1 even in the presence of DM. Therefore, In general, most peptides generated from proteins do not get a chance to bind MHC II for presentation because they are sensitive to both DM and enzymatic digestions. Selection of immunodominant epitope is the results of collaborative reactions of DR1, DM, and cathepsins by increasing abundance of epitope capture by MHC II.
Lift-Based Bidding in Ad Selection (2015)

Real-time bidding (RTB) has become one of the largest online advertising markets in the world. Today the bid price per ad impression is typically decided by the expected value of how it can lead to a desired action event (e.g., registering an account or placing a purchase order) to the advertiser. However, this industry standard approach to decide the bid price does not consider the actual effect of the ad shown to the user, which should be measured based on the performance lift among users who have been or have not been exposed to a certain treatment of ads. In this paper, we propose a new bidding strategy and prove that if the bid price is decided based on the performance lift rather than absolute performance value, advertisers can actually gain more action events. We describe the modeling methodology to predict the performance lift and demonstrate the actual performance gain through blind A/B test with real ad campaigns in an industry-leading Demand-Side Platform (DSP). We also discuss the relationship between attribution models and bidding strategies. We prove that, to move the DSPs to bid based on performance lift, they should be rewarded according to the relative performance lift they contribute.
40 Gb/s WDM Transmission of Eight 5 Gb/s Data Channels Over Transoceanic Distances using the Conventional NRZ Modulation Format (1995)

The transmission of many Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) channels over transoceanic distances can be limited by the nonlinear interactions between channels. In this work the nonlinear interactions were suppressed by tailoring the chromatic dispersion of the transmission fiber1 and operating the system at low channel power. These techniques made possible the transmission of eight 5 Gb/s Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) channels over 8000 km for a total transmission capacity of 40 Gb/s.
Generation of functional chimeric kidney containing exogenous progenitor-derived stroma and nephron via a conditional empty niche (2022)

Generation of new kidneys can be useful in various research fields, including organ transplantation. However, generating renal stroma, an important component tissue for structural support, endocrine function, and kidney development, remains difficult. Organ generation using an animal developmental niche can provide an appropriate in vivo environment for renal stroma differentiation. Here, we generate rat renal stroma with endocrine capacity by removing mouse stromal progenitor cells (SPCs) from the host developmental niche and transplanting rat SPCs. Furthermore, we develop a method to replace both nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) and SPCs, called the interspecies dual replacement of the progenitor (i-DROP) system, and successfully generate functional chimeric kidneys containing rat nephrons and stroma. This method can generate renal tissue from progenitors and reduce xenotransplant rejection. Moreover, it is a safe method, as donor cells do not stray into nontarget organs, thus accelerating research on stem cells, chimeras, and xenotransplantation.
Photochemistry of Artificial Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in Liquid Crystals Probed by Multifrequency EPR (9.5 and 95 GHz) (2004)

Photoinduced charge separation and recombination in a carotenoid-porphyrin-fullerene triad C-P-C(60)(1) have been followed by multifrequency time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) at intermediate magnetic field and microwave frequency (X-band) and high field and frequency (W-band). The electron-transfer process has been characterized in the different phases of two uniaxial liquid crystals (E-7 and ZLI-1167). The triad undergoes photoinduced electron transfer, with the generation of a long-lived charge-separated state, and charge recombination to the triplet state, localized in the carotene moiety, mimicking different aspects of the photosynthetic electron-transfer process. Both the photoinduced spin-correlated radical pair and the spin-polarized recombination triplet are observed starting from the crystalline up to the isotropic phase of the liquid crystals. The W-band TREPR radical pair spectrum has allowed unambiguous assignment of the spin-correlated radical pair spectrum to the charge-separated state C(.+)-P-C(60)(.-). The magnetic interaction parameters have been evaluated by simulation of the spin-polarized radical pair spectrum and the spin-selective recombination rates have been derived from the time dependence of the spectrum. The weak exchange interaction parameter (J = +0.5 +/- 0.2 G) provides a direct measure of the dominant electronic coupling matrix element V between the C(.+)-P-C(60)(.-) radical pair state and the recombination triplet state (3)C-P-C(60). The kinetic parameters have been analyzed in terms of the effect of the liquid crystal medium on the electron-transfer process. Effects of orientation of the molecular triad in the liquid crystal are evidenced by simulations of the carotenoid triplet state EPR spectra at different orientations of the external magnetic field with respect to the director of the mesophase. The order parameter (S = 0.5 +/- 0.05) has been evaluated.
An <i>Arabidopsis</i> homeodomain transcription factor gene, <i>HOS9</i> , mediates cold tolerance through a CBF-independent pathway (2004)

To investigate essential components mediating stress signaling in plants, we initiated a large-scale stress response screen using Arabidopsis plants carrying the firefly luciferase reporter gene under the control of the stress-responsive RD29A promoter. Here we report the identification and characterization of a mutant, hos9-1 (for high expression of osmotically responsive genes), in which the reporter construct was hyperactivated by low temperature, but not by abscisic acid or salinity stress. The mutants grow more slowly, and flower later, than do wild-type plants and are more sensitive to freezing, both before and after acclimation, than the wild-type plants. The HOS9 gene encodes a putative homeodomain transcription factor that is localized to the nucleus. HOS9 is constitutively expressed and not further induced by cold stress. Cold treatment increased the level of transcripts of the endogenous RD29A, and some other stress-responsive genes, to a higher level in hos9-1 than in wild-type plants. However, the C repeat/dehydration responsive element-binding factor (CBF) transcription factor genes that mediate a part of cold acclimation in Arabidopsis did not have their response to cold altered by the hos9-1 mutation. Correspondingly, microarray analysis showed that none of the genes affected by the hos9-1 mutation are controlled by the CBF family. Together, these results suggest that HOS9 is important for plant growth and development, and for a part of freezing tolerance, by affecting the activity of genes independent of the CBF pathway.