gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3493: Disulfiram a dual mgmt and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor sensitizes pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine and abraxane (2015)

Abstract Background: O6 methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is overexpressed in a majority of cancers, including pancreatic cancer. MGMT has been the focus of significant research for its role in the repair of DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase as a progenitor/stem cell marker has been linked to chemotherapy and radiation resistance. Methods: We tested the administration of Antabuse (disulfiram, DSF) at nontoxic doses in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) and Abraxane (ABX) on pancreatic cancer cells. Results: DSF at very low doses (achievable in human serum with standard DSF clinical dosing) decreases pancreatic cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. DSF further sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to GEM and ABX and significantly inhibits pancreatic cancer growth without causing unwanted side effects to the normal pancreatic cells. Dose effect and isobologram studies confirm synergistic activity of DSF and ABX combination and moderate synergism for DSF and GEM combination. DSF, either alone or in combination with GEM (DSF ± GEM) and/or ABX (DSF ± ABX), significantly inhibits expression of MGMT, aldehyde dehydrogenase, antigen Ki-67 and BIRC5 gene (survivin) - all involved in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. DSF+/-GEM+/-ABX induces the expression of p21Cip1, a cell cycle inhibitor. We show an inverse correlation between aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and MGMT expression, where MGMT expression is high, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is low and where aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is high, MGMT levels were low. The ALDH3A1 expression is significantly higher in highly metastatic cancer cells (L3.6pl) compared to other metastatic cancer cells (PANC1, Mia PaCa2, ASPC1). We further report that in our model DSF at very low doses (achievable in human serum with standard DSF clinical dosing) effectively inhibits both aldehyde dehydrogenase and MGMT in pancreatic cancer cells. DSF also induces caspase activation indicative of mitochondrial induced apoptosis in these cells. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DSF as dual inhibitor of MGMT and aldehyde dehydrogenase potentially provides a novel therapeutic approach to inhibiting pancreatic cancer growth/metastasis and synergistically enhances GEM and ABX activity. Citation Format: George C. Bobustuc, Alisher Holmuhamedov, Kalkunte S. Srivenugopal, Jacob C. Frick, JAMES L. WEESE, Santhi D. Konduri. Disulfiram a dual mgmt and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor sensitizes pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine and abraxane. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3493. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3493
Emergency treatment of headache. (1992)

The first approach in the emergency treatment of headache is the use of abortive measures in an attempt to forestall progression of early signs and symptoms. Abortive measures include analgesics, antiemetics, and anxiolytics; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ergots, generally preceded by administration of an antiemetic; conservative use of corticosteroids; major tranquilizers; and even narcotics (in certain extreme and selective situations). If abortive measures fail, IM or IV administration of dihydroergotamine mesylate, preceded by promethazine (IM) or metoclopramide (IM or IV) and followed by dexamethasone (IM or IV), is an effective emergency procedure. Every patient seeking care for headache from an emergency department should be instructed on how and where to obtain definitive follow-up and long-term treatment.
Near-Optimal Straggler Mitigation for Distributed Gradient Methods (2017)

Modern learning algorithms use gradient descent updates to train inferential models that best explain data. Scaling these approaches to massive data sizes requires proper distributed gradient descent schemes where distributed worker nodes compute partial gradients based on their partial and local data sets, and send the results to a master node where all the computations are aggregated into a full gradient and the learning model is updated. However, a major performance bottleneck that arises is that some of the worker nodes may run slow. These nodes a.k.a. stragglers can significantly slow down computation as the slowest node may dictate the overall computational time. We propose a distributed computing scheme, called Batched Coupon's Collector (BCC) to alleviate the effect of stragglers in gradient methods. We prove that our BCC scheme is robust to a near optimal number of random stragglers. We also empirically demonstrate that our proposed BCC scheme reduces the run-time by up to 85.4% over Amazon EC2 clusters when compared with other straggler mitigation strategies. We also generalize the proposed BCC scheme to minimize the completion time when implementing gradient descent-based algorithms over heterogeneous worker nodes.
Spatial Metabolomics and Imaging Mass Spectrometry in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (2020)

Spatial metabolomics is an emerging field of omics research that has enabled localizing metabolites, lipids, and drugs in tissue sections, a feat considered impossible just two decades ago. Spatial metabolomics and its enabling technology-imaging mass spectrometry-generate big hyper-spectral imaging data that have motivated the development of tailored computational methods at the intersection of computational metabolomics and image analysis. Experimental and computational developments have recently opened doors to applications of spatial metabolomics in life sciences and biomedicine. At the same time, these advances have coincided with a rapid evolution in machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence, which are transforming our everyday life and promise to revolutionize biology and healthcare. Here, we introduce spatial metabolomics through the eyes of a computational scientist, review the outstanding challenges, provide a look into the future, and discuss opportunities granted by the ongoing convergence of human and artificial intelligence.
Electro-optic effect exaltation on lithium niobate photonic crystals due to slow photons (2006)

The authors demonstrate how slow group velocities that are easily attainable at the band edge of photonic crystals can drastically enhance the electro-optical effect on tunable photonic crystal components. This property opens up the possibility of microsized nonlinear devices with low power requirement. In this letter we show how these possibilities for enhancement of nonlinear effects have been used to fabricate a 13×13μm2 sized lithium niobate photonic crystal intensity modulator that shows an enhanced electro-optic effect 312 times bigger than the one predicted by the classical Pockels effect for an equivalent device in bulk material.
Fpga Implement Of A Vision Based Lane Departure Warning System (2011)

Using vision based solution in intelligent vehicle application often needs large memory to handle video stream and image process which increase complexity of hardware and software. In this paper, we present a FPGA implement of a vision based lane departure warning system. By taking frame of videos, the line gradient of line is estimated and the lane marks are found. By analysis the position of lane mark, departure of vehicle will be detected in time. This idea has been implemented in Xilinx Spartan6 FPGA. The lane departure warning system used 39% logic resources and no memory of the device. The average availability is 92.5%. The frame rate is more than 30 frames per second (fps).
Image sequence enhancement based on adaptive symmetric order statistics (1993)

Statistical properties of the spatiotemporal center-weighted median (CWM) filter for image sequences are investigated. It is statistically shown that the CWM filter preserves image structures under motion at the expense of noise suppression. To improve the CWM filter so it can be effectively used in image sequence processing, the adaptive directional CWM filter (ADCWM) is proposed. This filter utilizes a multistage filtering structure, based on adaptive symmetric order statistic (ASOS) operators which produce a pair of order statistics symmetric about the median. The ASOSs are selected by using adaptive parameters adjusted by local image statistics. It is shown experimentally that the proposed filter can preserve image structures while attenuating noise without the use of motion estimation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Could BCG Vaccination Induce Protective Trained Immunity for SARS-CoV-2? (2020)

Trained immunity is a type of non-specific memory-like immune response induced by some pathogens and vaccines, such as BCG, which can confer antigen-independent protection against a wide variety of pathogens. The BCG vaccine has been extensively used to protect against tuberculosis for almost a 100 years. Interestingly, this vaccine reduces children's mortality caused by infections unrelated to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection, a phenomenon thought to be due to the induction of trained immunity. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has infected, as of April 22, 2020, 2,623,231 people globally, causing a major public health problem worldwide. Currently, no vaccine or treatment is available to control this pandemic. We analyzed the number of positive cases and deaths in different countries and correlated them with the inclusion of BCG vaccination at birth in their national vaccination programs. Interestingly, those countries where BCG vaccination is given at birth have shown a lower contagion rate and fewer COVID-19-related deaths, suggesting that this vaccine may induce trained immunity that could confer some protection for SARS-CoV-2.
Nanofluidic Ion Transport and Energy Conversion through Ultrathin Free‐Standing Polymeric Carbon Nitride Membranes (2018)

Abstract Ions transport through confined space with characteristic dimensions comparable to the Debye length has many applications, for example, in water desalination, dialysis, and energy conversion. However, existing 2D/3D smart porous membranes for ions transport and further applications are fragile, thermolabile, and/or difficult to scale up, limiting their practical applicability. Now, polymeric carbon nitride alternatively allows the creation of an ultrathin free‐standing carbon nitride membrane (UFSCNM), which can be fabricated by simple CVD polymerization and exhibits excellent nanofluidic ion‐transport properties. The surface‐charge‐governed ion transport also endows such UFSCNMs with the function of converting salinity gradients into electric energy. With advantages of low cost, facile fabrication, and the ease of scale up while supporting high ionic currents, UFSCNM can be considered as an alternative for energy conversion systems and new ionic devices.
A Whole Language Flight Plan: An Interview with Three Teachers (1990)

Implementation of a whole language program is many times a solo flight for a teacher. In preparation for a flight the pilot (teacher) must be aware of obstacles that may be encountered and must have a vision of the intended destination. This knowledge will enable the pilot to chart a safer course and prepare for any turbulence en route, thus increasing the chances for a successful journey.
Light‐regulated and endogenous fluctuations of chloroplast transcript levels in <i>Chlamydomonas</i>. Regulation by transcription and RNA degradation (1993)

Changes in the relative sizes of pools of transcripts of organelle genes during plastid development are common in flowering plants, but technical difficulties have prevented direct determinations of the effects of changes in rates of transcription and degradation on such fluctuations. It has been possible to follow both rates in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In synchronous or asynchronous cultures of cells grown in 12 h light/12 h dark periods, sizes of pools of transcripts of the chloroplast genes atpA, atpB, tufA, and psaB fluctuate. Differences in chloroplast transcript abundances in light/dark cycles were found to be cell cycle-independent but controlled by either an endogenous rhythm (atpA, atpB, and tufA) or by light (psaB). In vivo labeling experiments showed that transcriptional regulation and light/dark-regulated degradation both contribute, in gene-specific manners, to the level of transcripts of individual C. reinhardtii chloroplast genes in cells grown in alternating light/dark cycles.
SensEmBERT: Context-Enhanced Sense Embeddings for Multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation (2020)

Contextual representations of words derived by neural language models have proven to effectively encode the subtle distinctions that might occur between different meanings of the same word. However, these representations are not tied to a semantic network, hence they leave the word meanings implicit and thereby neglect the information that can be derived from the knowledge base itself. In this paper, we propose SensEmBERT, a knowledge-based approach that brings together the expressive power of language modelling and the vast amount of knowledge contained in a semantic network to produce high-quality latent semantic representations of word meanings in multiple languages. Our vectors lie in a space comparable with that of contextualized word embeddings, thus allowing a word occurrence to be easily linked to its meaning by applying a simple nearest neighbour approach.We show that, whilst not relying on manual semantic annotations, SensEmBERT is able to either achieve or surpass state-of-the-art results attained by most of the supervised neural approaches on the English Word Sense Disambiguation task. When scaling to other languages, our representations prove to be equally effective as their English counterpart and outperform the existing state of the art on all the Word Sense Disambiguation multilingual datasets. The embeddings are released in five different languages at http://sensembert.org.
The Politics of the Crisis Theory: Towards the Critique of Automatic Marxism II (1975)

Abstract The critique of bourgeois society—Marxism—has also succumbed to it. The increasing specialization of labor, manual and intellectual, fractures Marxism. This phenomenon, if obvious, is largely ignored. It is a truism that today there are Marxist philosophers, sociologists, economists who are more committed to and learned in their separate fields than in Marxism as a whole. But this statement confesses more than it states. For it would seem that the Marxism of Karl Marx bound a politics and economics into a distinct unity, however unstable, a political economy. If this unity no longer exists what does this mean for Marxists and Marxism? More precisely, if the core of Marxism, its economics has evolved — decayed? — into a technical specialty incomprehensible to other Marxists and distant from any definite political project, is this a statement about Marxism, bourgeois society, or simply individual theorists? Or all three?
Oxidation of CO and Methanol on Pd-Ni Catalysts Supported on Different Chemically-Treated Carbon Nanofibers (2016)

In this work, palladium-nickel nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers were synthesized, with metal contents close to 25 wt % and Pd:Ni atomic ratios near to 1:2. These catalysts were previously studied in order to determine their activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction. Before the deposition of metals, the carbon nanofibers were chemically treated in order to generate oxygen and nitrogen groups on their surface. Transmission electron microscopy analysis (TEM) images revealed particle diameters between 3 and 4 nm, overcoming the sizes observed for the nanoparticles supported on carbon black (catalyst Pd-Ni CB 1:2). From the CO oxidation at different temperatures, the activation energy E<sub>act</sub> for this reaction was determined. These values indicated a high tolerance of the catalysts toward the CO poisoning, especially in the case of the catalysts supported on the non-chemically treated carbon nanofibers. On the other hand, apparent activation energy E<sub>ap</sub> for the methanol oxidation was also determined finding-as a rate determining step-the CO<sub>ads</sub> diffusion to the OH<sub>ads</sub> for the catalysts supported on carbon nanofibers. The results here presented showed that the surface functional groups only play a role in the obtaining of lower particle sizes, which is an important factor in the obtaining of low CO oxidation activation energies.
A double‐blind placebo‐controlled birch allergy vaccination study II: correlation between inhibition of IgE binding, histamine release and facilitated allergen presentation (2008)

The present study clearly demonstrates that SIT induces changes in the composition of serum antibodies that inhibit IgE binding, HR and FAP to a similar extent. This suggests that these measurements, individually or in combination, may be used to monitor the immunological effect of SIT, even though direct correlations to changes in clinical parameters could not be demonstrated.
Measurement of Diamine Oxidase Activity in Vaginal Fluid – An Aid to Diagnosis of Ruptured Fetal Membranes (1979)

Measurement of diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in vaginal fluid as an aid to diagnosis of premature rupture of the fetal membranes was studied. In 76 patients following artificial rupture of the membranes and in 70 patients with known intact membranes, the accuracy was 100%. One hundred and forty-nine patients were admitted to hospital with suspected ruptured membranes; using the criteria outlined in this paper, 51 had ruptured membranes and in 98 the membranes were intact. The overall accuracy was 96%.
CMOS PLLs and VCOs for 4G Wireless (2004)

Design Objectives Circuit Topologies VCO Tuning Characterization and Measurement Results Summary 8. A PLL FOR GSM/WCDMA 1 2 3 4 5 Frequency Plan and System architecture Dual band VCO Design for Dual Mode Operation Integer-N Architecture Implementation of the Integer-N Architecture Summary 9. PLLs FOR IEEE 802.11 a/b/g WLANs 1 2 Why Multi-band Tri-mode WLANs? Frequency Plan Radio Architecture and PLL Specifications
Cyclic tangential flow filtration system for isolation of extracellular vesicles (2021)

Size-based filtration techniques have been developed for high-throughput isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Conventional direct filtration systems have limitations in that large particles generally not only block the pores of the membrane but also damage the particles because of the high fluid pressure. Here, we propose a cyclic tangential flow filtration (TFF) system that includes two membranes with pore sizes of 200 and 30 nm, connected to a peristaltic pump that feeds the stream flowing to the membrane for continuous circulation. The cyclic TFF system is better able to isolate the specific 30-200 nm size range in one step through dual cyclic filtration compared with direct filtration (DF) and single cyclic TFF (scTFF). We further introduced a buffer-exchange process to the dcTFF system after filtration to remove contaminants for more efficient purification. As a result of comparative evaluation of dcTFF and ExoQuick, EVs isolated by dcTFF had more abundant exosome markers and active EVs. The cyclic TFF system not only has great potential to separate EVs with high selectivity and separation efficiency in small volumes of samples but can also be used in clinical applications, including medical diagnostic procedures.
Depth map generation based on depth from focus (2010)

The key step in 3D data generation for future 3D display system is the calculation of depth map which is a gray-level image of exactly the same size of the original 2D image data that indicates the relative distance of each pixel from the camera to the object in real world. This paper presents a practical approach to generate depth map from a series of images taken in different focuses of the same scene. This algorithm requires only Gaussian filters with some addition/subtraction functional blocks, which is very easy to implement, and the result turns out to be robust to any content of scene. A complete system from image capturing by an auto-focusing camera to depth map generation and the final 3D data rendering for three different types of 3D displays is built.
Tobacco smoke-induced hypercoagulation in human plasma (2013)

Virtually every disease state associated with chronic or acute thrombosis has had smoking identified as a risk factor. Further, smoking enhances clot strength as assessed by thrombelastography. Critically, carbon monoxide, a product of cigarette smoking, has been demonstrated to enhance plasmatic coagulation in vitro via modulation of a heme associated with fibrinogen. We hypothesized that plasmatic hypercoagulability and formation of carboxyhemefibrinogen (COHF) detected with thrombelastographic methods would be observed after cigarette smoking. Smoking participants (n = 20, two cigarettes consumed within 90 min, average carboxyhemoglobin concentration of 5%) had plasma collected and normal participant (n = 20) plasma was also obtained. Thrombelastographic analyses revealed that plasma obtained from smokers had an 86% greater velocity of clot growth and 65% larger clot strength than normal participant plasma. Forty-five percent of smokers had plasma clot strength that exceeded the 95th percentile of normal participant plasma values; 45% of smoking participants had detectable COHF; and 20% of smoking participants were both hypercoagulable with COHF present. We conclude that smoking induced a hypercoagulable state and COHF formation in an important portion of participants tested. Future investigations of the effects of smoking, plasmatic hypercoagulation and COHF formation are planned in populations with established atherosclerotic/thrombotic disease.
Region and Boundary Segmentation of Microcalcifications using Seed-Based Region Growing and Mathematical Morphology (2010)

In this paper an image segmentation technique is presented by combining seed based region growing and boundary segmentation in sequential order. The first process in region growing is to identify an initial seed point. Most of region growing methods identify the seed point manually which involve human interaction. Thus, automated initial seed point identification for region growing algorithm is proposed. The boundary segmentation technique is implemented in order to improve the segmentation results. The method is tested on 50 mammogram images confirmed by a radiologist to consist microcalcifications. Experimental results show that the algorithm successfully segment the microcalcifications with accuracy of 0.94.