gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Products and Applications for Precise Point Positioning - Moving Towards Real-Time (2004)

The timely availability of global precise GPS satellite orbit and clock products is enabling the development of precise point positioning (PPP) user applications. Based on the processing of un-differenced pseudorange and carrier phase observations from a single GPS receiver, positioning with centimeter to decimeter accuracy can be attained globally. The PPP approach brings great flexibility to GPS field operations, reduces labor and equipment costs, and simplifies operational logistics by eliminating the need for observation differencing and simultaneous tracking at another location. Seamless integration of the survey results into a global reference frame is another advantage over the differential approach. This paper summarizes the availability of some post-mission precise orbit/clock products for public access and the performance of PPP in static and kinematic modes using single and dual frequency observations . Numerical results are presented showing user positioning accuracy in post-mission and in real-time simulations using NRCan’s On-Line PPP Service and P3, a software package developed at the University of Calgary. From the perspective of GPS correction provision, the impact of tracking network coverage and observation types processed on the correction precision is analyzed with a state-space model implementation using wide-area and global tracking networks. Finally, current limitations of GPS correction sources and the PPP approach are summarized and potential areas for further research and development are proposed.
Collecting and monitoring on-farm water data using satellite data collection technology in the Arkansas Delta (2008)

Only a small portion of eastern Arkansas's yearly rainfall of 45 in (114 cm) occurs during the growing season, making irrigation a requisite for economically viable agriculture, which contributes more than $3 billion to the Arkansas economy. In eastern Arkansas, irrigation now covers more than 4 million ac (1.619 × 106 ha), making it the fourth ranking irrigated state in the nation. The primary source of irrigation water is from groundwater wells on individual farm tracts, accounting for 85% of the water use. This rate of groundwater pumping is not sustainable. Large areas of eastern Arkansas are now being designated as critical groundwater zones, with rates of decline averaging more than 1 ft yr-1 (30 cm y-1).
Cleft palate. Selected case studies. (1991)

These case studies provide small, selected samples of the results of assessments of articulation skills and their phonologic applications and give some information related to velopharyngeal function during speech. These illustrations were based chiefly on perceptual assessment of speech because this type of assessment is used routinely by SLPs, and does not require instrumentation. Indicators for referral and communication to a cleft palate team were derived from the perceptual evaluation. Other articles in this issue discuss procedures for evaluation in considerable detail. Early identification of possible velopharyngeal problems and early referral to a cleft palate team can help to resolve speech, language, and hearing disorders related to cleft palate and velopharyngeal dysfunction. People who comprise cleft palate and craniofacial teams are most likely to have the experience, and the special instrumentation necessary, to make a definitive diagnosis. The team's comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation should lead to thorough consideration of the many factors that are important for treatment planning. The information and services provided by the team will assist the audiologist and SLP in the conduct of their services for these clients. In this way, the communication disorders specialist becomes an affiliate of the team. The affiliate not only acts as a referent, but also may provide the necessary longitudinal services. The best interests of the client are promoted by ongoing communication between the team and the affiliates of the team.
Benchmarking for prevention: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system experience. (2003)

Healthcare-associated infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality at hospitals in the United States. Surveillance of these infections identifies secular trends and provides data upon which prevention interventions can be based in order to improve patient safety. National surveillance of healthcare-associated infections was initiated in the United States in 1970. Since that time, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system has provided standardized methods for collecting and comparing healthcare-associated infection rates and the national benchmark infection rate data for inter- and intra-hospital comparisons. The surveillance methods used and results of the implementation of these methods are reviewed. The number of hospitals participating in the CDC's national surveillance of healthcare-associated infections has grown from approximately ten to 20 hospitals in 1970 to over 300 hospitals in 2002. Over the years, NNIS system participants have used standardized definitions, standardized surveillance component protocols, risk stratification for calculation of infection rates and provided national benchmark infection rates for inter- and intra-hospital comparisons. These methods have resulted in a significant reduction in bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections and pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and surgical site infections in surgical patients. The NNIS data show that national surveillance of healthcare-associated infections combined with an intervention prevention program can reduce infection rates, reduce morbidity and mortality and improve patient safety. Establishment of such healthcare-associated infection surveillance and prevention systems in countries throughout the world should be a priority.
Selected Fructooligosaccharide (1-Kestose, Nystose, and 1<sup>F</sup>-β-Fructofuranosylnystose) Composition of Foods and Feeds (1997)

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring sugars with potentially beneficial nutritional effects. They are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. An ion chromatographic method was developed to rapidly and accurately measure FOS in selected food and feed ingredients ingested by humans and animals. The objective of this study was to determine the 1-kestose (1-kestotriose; GF2), nystose (1,1-kestotetraose; GF3), and 1F-β-fructofuranosylnystose (1,1,1-kestopentaose; GF4) content of a wide variety of foods and feedstuffs. After extraction with water and appropriate filtration, samples were chromatographed, using an alkaline sodium acetate gradient, through an ion exchange column and guard fitted to a Dionex chromatography unit equipped with a pulsed electrochemical detector. All samples were prepared both with and without spikes of standards to verify recovery and peak identification. Samples of the Compositae family were highest in total FOS followed by Allium species of the Amaryllidadeae family. The method provided excellent separation, recovery, and quantification of the GFn units of FOS. Accurate quantitation of FOS will allow more precise nutritional formulations to be developed with respect to inclusion of this functional food component in human and animal diets. Keywords: Fructooligosaccharides; food composition; high-performance liquid chromatography; ion exchange chromatography
Detection of apoptosis: A review of conventional and novel techniques (2010)

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, has been shown to play a role in a number of diseases, including heart disease and cancer. Apoptosis is also a vital cellular process that helps to regulate tissue growth, fetal development, immune response, and a host of other biological processes. Deviation from the careful regulation of apoptosis is responsible for a host of diseases and health concerns. As such, understanding the process of apoptosis is vital for therapy development. Over the years, a number of methods have been discovered and developed to detect apoptosis. There are several standard techniques such as electron microscopy, the TUNEL assay, and flow cytometry. In addition, new techniques are quickly emerging, such as microfluidic devices, single molecule spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. This review will cover some examples of the most common techniques as well as some new techniques in order to show the broad spectrum of methods available to detect apoptosis in cells.
Noninvasive Average Flow Estimation for an Implantable Rotary Blood Pump: A New Algorithm Incorporating the Role of Blood Viscosity (2006)

The effect of blood hematocrit (HCT) on a noninvasive flow estimation algorithm was examined in a centrifugal implantable rotary blood pump (iRBP) used for ventricular assistance. An average flow estimator, based on three parameters, input electrical power, pump speed, and HCT, was developed. Data were collected in a mock loop under steady flow conditions for a variety of pump operating points and for various HCT levels. Analysis was performed using three-dimensional polynomial surfaces to fit the collected data for each different HCT level. The polynomial coefficients of the surfaces were then analyzed as a function of HCT. Linear correlations between estimated and measured pump flow over a flow range from 1.0 to 7.5 L/min resulted in a slope of 1.024 L/min (R2=0.9805). Early patient data tested against the estimator have shown promising consistency, suggesting that consideration of HCT can improve the accuracy of existing flow estimation algorithms.
CSPS: An Adaptive Pooling Method for Image Classification (2016)

This paper proposes an adaptive approach to learn class-specific pooling shapes (CSPS) for image classification. Prevalent methods for spatial pooling are often conducted on predefined grids of images, which is an ad-hoc method and, thus, lacks generalization power across different categories. In contrast, our CSPS is designed in a data-driven fashion by generating plenty of candidates and selecting the optimal subset for each class. Specifically, we establish an overcomplete spatial shape set that preserves as many geometric patterns as possible. Then, the class-specific subset is selected by training a linear classifier with structured sparsity constraints and color distribution cues. To address the high computational cost and the risk of overfitting due to the overcomplete scheme, the image representations for CSPS are first compressed according to dictionary sensitivity and shape importance. These representations are finally fed to SVMs for the classification task. We demonstrate that CSPS can learn compact yet discriminative geometric information for different classes that carries more semantic meaning than other methods. Experimental results on four datasets demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method compared with other pooling schemes and illustrate its effectiveness on both object and scene images.
LED Wireless: A Novel Use of LEDs to Transmit Audio and Digital Signals (2002)

The superiority of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) over incandescent lights, due to long life expectancy, high tolerance to humidity, low power consumption, and minimal heat generation, is well supported. One important characteristic of LEDs is that they are semiconductor devices capable of fast switching with the addition of appropriate electronics. That is, the visible light emitted by LEDs can be modulated and encoded with audio information for broadcasting. Therefore, in addition to their normal functions as indication and illumination devices, LEDs can be used as communication devices for transmitting and broadcasting audio and digital information. Hence, they can become part of wireless optical communication systems. This article describes an information system for the broadcasting of audio and digital signals using visible LEDs.
Mitochondria at the Interface Between Danger Signaling and Metabolism: Role of Unfolded Protein Responses in Chronic Inflammation (2011)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), like many other chronic diseases, feature multiple cellular stress responses including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR). Maintaining protein homeostasis is indispensable for cell survival and, consequently, distinct signaling pathways have evolved to transmit organelle stress. While the ER UPR, aiming to restore ER homeostasis after challenges to ER function, has been extensively studied in the context of chronic diseases, only recently the related mitochondrial UPR (mtUPR), induced by disturbances of mitochondrial proteostasis, has drawn some attention. ER and mitochondria are in close contact and interact physically and functionally. Accumulating data have placed mitochondria at the center of diverse cellular functions and suggest mitochondria as integrators of signaling pathways such as autophagy and inflammation. Consequently, it is likely that mitochondrial stress and ER stress cannot be regarded separately and that mitochondrial stress, as well as ER stress, participates in the pathology of IBD. Protein homeostasis is particularly sensitive toward infections, oxidative stress, and energy deficiency. Thus, environmental disturbances impacting organelle function lead to the concerted activation of distinct UPRs. The metabolic status might therefore serve as an innate mechanism to sense the epithelial environment, including luminal-derived and host-derived factors. This review highlights mtUPR and its interrelation with ER UPR, focuses on recent studies identifying mitochondria as integrators of cellular danger signaling, and, furthermore, illustrates the importance ER UPR and mitochondrial dysfunction in IBD.
Antibiotic use and its consequences for the normal microbiome (2016)

Anti-infectives, including antibiotics, are essentially different from all other drugs; they not only affect the individual to whom they are given but also the entire community, through selection for resistance to their own action. Thus, their use resides at the intersection of personal and public health. Antibiotics can be likened to a four-edged sword against bacteria. The first two edges of the antibiotic sword were identified immediately after their discovery and deployment in that they not only benefit an individual in treating their infection but also benefit the community in preventing the spread of that infectious agent. The third edge was already recognized by Alexander Fleming in 1945 in his Nobel acceptance speech, which warned about the cost to the community of antibiotic resistance that would inevitably evolve and be selected for during clinical practice. We have seen this cost mount up, as resistance curtails or precludes the activities of some of our most effective drugs for clinically important infections. But the fourth edge of the antibiotic sword remained unappreciated until recently, i.e., the cost that an antibiotic exerts on an individual's own health via the collateral damage of the drug on bacteria that normally live on or in healthy humans: our microbiota. These organisms, their genes, metabolites, and interactions with one another, as well as with their host collectively, represent our microbiome. Our relationship with these symbiotic bacteria is especially important during the early years of life, when the adult microbiome has not yet formed.
Genetic alterations in <i>TRAF3</i> and <i>CYLD</i> that regulate nuclear factor κB and interferon signaling define head and neck cancer subsets harboring human papillomavirus (2017)

Recent genomic studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by The Cancer Genome Atlas as well as other groups identified deletions or mutations in tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 3 ( TRAF3 ) and cylindromatosis lysine 63 deubiquitinase ( CYLD ) that previously were implicated in nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and antiviral interferon responses. In this issue, Hajek et al find genomic alterations in TRAF3 / CYLD define distinct subsets of human papillomavirus‐positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with associated activation of transcription factor NF‐κB, episomal human papillomavirus infection of tumors, and improved patient survival. See also pages 1778‐90.
Bulk Bias as an Analog Single-Event Transient Mitigation Technique with Negligible Penalty (2019)

In analog circuit design, the bulks of MOSFETs can be tied to their respective sources to remove body effect. This paper models and analyzes the sensitivity of single-event transients (SETs) in common source (CS) amplifier with bulk tied to source (BTS) in 40 nm twin-well bulk CMOS technology. The simulation results present that the proposed BTS radiation-hardened-by-design (RHBD) technique can reduce charge collection and suppress the SET induced perturbation effectively in various input conditions of the circuit. The detailed analysis shows that the mitigation of SET is primarily due to the forward-bias of bulk potential. This technique is universally applicable in radiation-hardening design for analog circuits with negligible penalty.
High-resolution cantilever biosensor resonating at air–liquid in a microchannel (2011)

We have developed a highly mass-sensitive cantilever resonating at the interface of air and liquid. The cantilever is applicable as a biosensor by measuring its resonance frequency shift associated with the selective trapping of target molecules. One surface of the cantilever facing to the liquid is functionalized for label-free detection, while the opposite side is exposed to air to improve the resonance characteristics, such as the quality factor. The quality factor at resonance is 15, which is 50% higher than the same cantilever in liquid. The beam was excited through the photothermal effect of a power modulated laser and detected by laser Doppler velocimetry. Due to the proposed configuration, the signal-to-noise-ratio is 5.7 times larger than the completely submerged case. A micro-slit around the cantilever separates the air and liquid phases at a meniscus. We analyzed the cantilever motion including the meniscus membrane, and examined the effect of surface tension by applying various solutions. A slit width of 6 μm was found to give the best performance within the few prototypes. We measured the covalent immobilization of antibody molecules on a cantilever surface for three different concentrations: 20, 40, and 80 μg ml(-1). The kinetics measured by both resonance frequency shift of the cantilever and fluorescent intensity showed good agreement.
Secretion of Chromogranin A by Peptide-Producing Endocrine Neoplasms (1986)

Chromogranin A, the protein that is co-stored and co-released with catecholamines from the adrenal medulla, has recently been identified in a variety of human endocrine tissues, both normal and neoplastic. We investigated the secretion of chromogranin A by peptide hormone-producing human tumors in studies of patients with the following neoplastic disorders: pheochromocytoma, parathyroid adenoma, primary parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid carcinoma, thyroidal C-cell hyperplasia, carcinoid tumor, oat-cell lung carcinoma, pancreatic islet-cell tumor, and aortic-body tumor. All these patient groups had elevated concentrations of plasma chromogranin A. We distinguished different forms of immunoreactive plasma chromogranin A by size with the use of gel filtration. Plasma chromogranin A levels were not elevated in patients with diverse "control" conditions--both benign and malignant and both endocrine and nonendocrine--in which peptide hormones are not produced. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma chromogranin A elevations in the diagnosis of peptide-producing endocrine neoplasms were 81 and 100 percent, respectively. The elevation of plasma chromogranin A in our subjects suggests that their neoplasms co-release chromogranin A along with the usual resident hormone of the tumor, that these neoplasms could be characterized as "chromograninomas," and that measurement of plasma chromogranin A may be a useful diagnostic procedure in subjects with endocrine tumors, especially multiple endocrine neoplasia.
A Novel Network Polymer ⇄ Linear Polymer Reversible System. A New Cross-Linking System Consisting of a Reversible Cross-Linking−Depolymerization of a Polymer Having a Spiro Orthoester Moiety in the Side Chain (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTA Novel Network Polymer ⇄ Linear Polymer Reversible System. A New Cross-Linking System Consisting of a Reversible Cross-Linking−Depolymerization of a Polymer Having a Spiro Orthoester Moiety in the Side ChainTakeshi Endo, Takashi Suzuki, Fumio Sanda, and Toshikazu TakataView Author Information Research Laboratory of Resources Utilization, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226, JapanCite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 13, 4819Publication Date (Web):June 17, 1996Publication History Received19 March 1996Published online17 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9604092https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9604092rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views514Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Depolymerization,Equilibrium,Gel permeation chromatography,Nucleic acid structure,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Influence of shadowing effect on shear mode acoustic properties in the c-axis tilted AlN films (2010)

c-axis tilted AIN films have been studied for use in quasi-shear mode devices. Highly tilted columnar structure induces the decrease of film density (void between columnar grains) because of the shadowing effect. This could affect the performance of shear mode resonator. In this study, the relationship between the acoustic properties and the grain structure is investigated in c-axis tilted AIN film. Acoustic properties of the resonators were estimated by the characteristic of conversion loss in composite resonator. In c-axis highly tilted AIN film, 1/4 and 3/4 wavelength resonance due to the decrease of shear wave velocity were observed in a number of samples. This phenomenon was not observed in longitudinal wave mode. Porous film structure was also observed in the highly tilted films by across sectional SEM image. Decrease of shear wave velocity would be caused by this structure because shear wave is more sensitive to the porous structure than longitudinal wave.
In vivo properties of a cloned K88 adherence antigen determinant (1986)

An Escherichia coli strain of serotype O9:K36:H19 harboring the K88 recombinant plasmid pMK005 was able to efficiently colonize the small bowel of young piglets after oral infection. The strain expressed K88 antigen in vivo, and bacteria were detected in close association with the surface of the intestinal villi. Mice infected orally or intravenously with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL3261 harboring pMK005 were well protected against subsequent challenge with the highly virulent S. typhimurium SL1344. Anti-K88 antibodies were detected in the serum of mice immunized with SL3261(pMK005).