gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Powerful New Strategy for Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Pyrroles from Donor−Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Nitriles (2003)

Lewis acid activated donor-acceptor cyclopropanes react with aliphatic, aromatic, and alpha,beta-unsaturated nitriles in a novel cascade [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition, dehydration, and tautomerization sequence to afford pyrroles in moderate to excellent overall yield. This cost-effective and regiospecific method is ideally suited for the preparation of combinatorial libraries. [reaction: see text]
A syntactic framework for bitstream-level representation of audio-visual objects (2002)

We present the design of a novel syntactic and semantic framework to describe the bitstream-level representation of audio-visual information objects. This framework is important for emerging techniques in video compression, and is currently part of the MPEG-4 System Description Language Working Draft. The design is based on a principle of orthogonality between parsing and processing, i.e., separating the bitstream parsing from the other decoding operations, and extends the basic typing system of a programming language so that it incorporates sophisticated parsing information. Examples of object representations are provided using the MPEG-2 video bitstream syntax.
Phenazine antibiotic inspired discovery of potent bromophenazine antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (2013)

Nearly all clinically used antibiotics have been (1) discovered from microorganisms (2) using phenotype screens to identify inhibitors of bacterial growth. The effectiveness of these antibiotics is attributed to their endogenous roles as bacterial warfare agents against competing microorganisms. Unfortunately, every class of clinically used antibiotic has been met with drug resistant bacteria. In fact, the emergence of resistant bacterial infections coupled to the dismal pipeline of new antibacterial agents has resulted in a global health care crisis. There is an urgent need for innovative antibacterial strategies and treatment options to effectively combat drug resistant bacterial pathogens. Here, we describe the implementation of a Pseudomonas competition strategy, using redox-active phenazines, to identify novel antibacterial leads against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this report, we describe the chemical synthesis and evaluation of a diverse 27-membered phenazine library. Using this microbial warfare inspired approach, we have identified several bromophenazines with potent antibacterial activities against S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The most potent bromophenazine analogue from this focused library demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78-1.56 μM, or 0.31-0.62 μg mL(-1), against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and proved to be 32- to 64-fold more potent than the phenazine antibiotic pyocyanin in head-to-head MIC experiments. In addition to the discovery of potent antibacterial agents against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, we also report a detailed structure-activity relationship for this class of bromophenazine small molecules.
Tunable dispersion compensator based on novel distributed Gires-Tournois etalons (2003)

We report realization of the first all-fiber distributed Gires-Tournois etalons (DOTE) using chirped fiber gratings. We also demonstrate a compact tunable dispersion compensator, which has the advantages of multichannel operation, extremely low group delay ripple, low loss and low cost.
Identification of Pathogen and Host‐Response Markers Correlated With Periodontal Disease (2009)

Using qPCR and sensitive immunoassays, we identified host- and bacterially derived biomarkers correlated with periodontal disease. This approach offers significant potential for the discovery of biomarker signatures useful in the development of rapid POC chairside diagnostics for oral and systemic diseases. Studies are ongoing to apply this approach to the longitudinal predictions of disease activity.
Single-Mode Interband Cascade Lasers with Coupled Ring Resonators (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. W. Bewley, C. L. Canedy, C. S. Kim, M. Kim, J. R. Lindle, J. Abell, I. Vurgaftman, and J. R. Meyer, "Single-Mode Interband Cascade Lasers with Coupled Ring Resonators," in CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2011), paper CTuC3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Creation of an In vivo cytosensor using engineered mesangial cells. Automatic sensing of glomerular inflammation controls transgene activity. (1997)

Automatic control over exogenous gene expression in response to the activity of disease is a crucial hurdle for gene transfer-based therapies. Towards achieving this goal, we created a "cytosensor" that perceives local inflammatory states and subsequently regulates foreign gene expression. alpha-Smooth muscle actin is known to be expressed in glomerular mesangial cells exclusively in pathologic situations. CArG box element, the crucial regulatory sequence of the alpha-smooth muscle actin promoter, was used as a sensor for glomerular inflammation. Rat mesangial cells were stably transfected with an expression plasmid that introduces a beta-galactosidase gene under the control of CArG box elements. In vitro, the established cells expressed beta-galactosidase exclusively after stimulation with serum. To examine whether the cells are able to automatically control transgene activity in vivo, serum-stimulated or unstimulated cells were transferred into normal rat glomeruli or glomeruli subjected to anti-Thy 1 glomerulonephritis. When stimulated cells were transferred into the normal glomeruli, beta-galactosidase expression was switched off in vivo within 3 d. In contrast, when unstimulated cells were transferred into the nephritic glomeruli, transgene expression was substantially induced. These data indicate the feasibility of using the CArG box element as a molecular sensor for glomerular injury. In the context of advanced forms of gene therapy, this approach provides a novel concept for automatic regulation of local transgene expression where the transgene is required to be activated during inflammation and deactivated when the inflammation has subsided.
Electrodeposition of Novel Precursor Structures for Efficient Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) Films (2011)

In this study, we present precursor formation techniques for CIGS films, which use multiple electrodeposition steps to form the precursor in the form of stacked layers of electroplated alloy films. The first electrodeposition step consists of electroplating a Cu-In-Ga alloy thin film. Afterwards this layer is combined with other electroplated layers, particularly In-Se and Ga-Se films to minimize or eliminate the need for gaseous species of Se, S and Te in the reaction step. Intentional grading of elemental species throughout the film thicknesses can be achieved in each layer by changing the applied current density or voltage during the electrodeposition steps.
Abstract 5644: Claudin 18.2 X 4-1BB bispecific antibody induced potent tumor inhibition through tumor-specific 4-1BB activation (2020)

Abstract Background Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a gastric-specific membrane protein. In the healthy tissue, CLDN18.2 expression is restricted to the short-lived differentiated cells of gastric mucosa as a component of tight junction with limited accessibility of antibody treatment. However, it was ectopically expressed at significant levels in a variety of primary lesion and metastases of epithelial tumor entities, including gastric, pancreatic, esophageal, and lung adenocarcinoma cells. Taken together, CLDN18.2 was believed to be an ideal tumor antigen for immunotherapy. Here, we generated and described a bispecific antibody TJ-CD4B which could redirect and activate T cells to CLDN18.2 positive tumor cells by engaging 4-1BB antigen, thus positioned as a potential novel therapy for gastric cancer and other CLDN18.2 positive tumors. Methods TJ-CD4B was evaluated for its antigen binding through protein-based binding and cell based binding assay. The cell-based function of TJ-CD4B was further evaluated in a 4-1BB signaling reporter assay and primary human T cell assay. The in vivo efficacy was validated in 4-1BB humanized C57BL/6 mice transferred with colon cancer cell line MC38 overexpressed with human CLDN18.2. Percentage of tumor infiltrating and peripheral CD8+ T cells was evaluated by FACS analysis. Results TJ-CD4B showed stronger binding capability to CLDN18.2 when compared with benchmark monoclonal antibody against CLDN18.2 (IMAB362). Functional evaluation of TJ-CD4B indicated the activation of 4-1BB signaling was solely dependent on CLDN18.2 expression on the cell. Furthermore, TJ-CD4B showed superior 4-1BB activity than benchmark 4-1BB monoclonal antibody (Urelumab) in the presence of cells expressing a wide range of CLDN18.2 level including CLDN18.2-low cells. Using a humanized 4-1BB mouse model, TJ-CD4B showed strong tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of CLDN18.2 expressing tumor cells. Meanwhile, we also observed TJ-CD4B increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes while it had no impact on peripheral lymphocytes. Drug developability assessment indicated that TJ-CD4B was a reasonably developable molecule to be taken forward. Conclusions Our data showed that CLDN18.2-targeted 4-1BB bispecific antibody, TJ-CD4B, displayed potent anti-tumor activity only in tumor microenvironment, possibly minimizing the risk of peripheral toxicity. These compelling data supported the further development of TJ-CD4B, which aims to enter clinical phase in early 2021. Citation Format: Wenqing Jiang, Lei Fang, Zhengyi Wang, Taylor B. Guo, Eunyoung Park, Eunsil Sung, Jaeho Jung. Claudin 18.2 X 4-1BB bispecific antibody induced potent tumor inhibition through tumor-specific 4-1BB activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5644.
Transpost: all-around three-dimensional display system (2004)

This paper presents a novel method for an all-around display system that shows three-dimensional stereo images without any special goggles. This system simply needs a directional-reflection screen, mirrors, and a standard projector. The basic concept behind this system is to make use of the phenomenon called "afterimage" that occurs when screen is spinning. The key to this approach is to make a directional reflection screen with a limited viewing angle and project images onto it. The projected image is made up of 24 images of an object, taken from 24 different angles. By reconstructing this image, a three-dimensional object can be displayed on the screen. The display system can present images of computer-graphics and photographs, full-length movies, and so on. This paper shows several display examples which demonstrate that the system will be useful in applications such as guide displays in public places and facilities.
Model for Non-invasive Cardiac Output Measurement (2007)

Aim of the presented work has been the development of an algorithm for a non-invasive, portable, easy to use, and affordable device for measuring systemic cardiovascular parameters like cardiac output and peripheral resistance. The data acquisition is based on a common oscillometric measurement using an occlusive blood pressure cuff and no additional calibration is necessary. The introduced novel algorithm combines several simulation techniques like neural networks or differential equations, which will be explained briefly. Finally we present some results that justify our approach. This kind of model needs no additional external parameters to work and opens therefore good perspectives for non-expert use
PocketTrend (2015)

Trending search topics cause unpredictable query load spikes that hurt the end-user search experience, particularly the mobile one, by introducing longer delays. To understand how trending search topics are formed and evolve over time, we analyze 21 million queries submitted during periods where popular events caused search query volume spikes. Based on our findings, we design and evaluate PocketTrend, a system that automatically detects trending topics in real time, identifies the search content associated to the topics, and then intelligently pushes this content to users in a timely manner. In that way, PocketTrend enables a client-side search engine that can instantly answer user queries related to trending events, while at the same time reducing the impact of these trends on the datacenter workload. Our results, using real mobile search logs, show that in the presence of a trending event, up to 13-17% of the overall search traffic can be eliminated from the datacenter, with as many as 19% of all users benefiting from PocketTrend.
NC-1059: A Channel-Forming Peptide That Modulates Drug Delivery across In Vitro Corneal Epithelium (2009)

NC-1059 enhances drug permeation across cultured corneal epithelial cell monolayers by transiently affecting the paracellular pathway. Thus, NC-1059 is a lead compound for development of cotherapeutic agents to enhance access and effectiveness of ophthalmic compounds.
A Method for Estimating the Mechanical Properties of a Solid Material Subjected to Insonification - Part 1: Theory (2002)

Abstract : A theoretical inverse method is develop to measure the complex, frequency deponent dilatational and shear wavespeeds that are present in isotropic thick plates. Once this wavespeeds are identified, the complex, frequency dependent Young's and shear moduli and complex, frequency-dependent Poisson's ratio can he estimated. Simulations are presented both with and without noise to show how the method works and how the measurement error affect the analysis results.
Efficient generation of a reshaped human mAb specific for the α toxin of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (1994)

We have used the technique of antibody reshaping to produce a humanized antibody specific for the alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens. The starting antibody was from a mouse hybridoma from which variable (V) region nucleotide sequences were determined. The complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) from these V regions were then inserted into human heavy and light chain V region genes with human constant region gene fragments subsequently added. The insertion of CDRs alone into human frameworks did not produce a functional reshaped antibody and modifications to the V region framework were required. With minor framework modifications, the affinity of the original murine mAb was restored and even exceeded. Where affinity was increased, an altered binding profile to overlapping peptides was observed. Computer modelling of the reshaped heavy chain V regions suggested that amino acids adjacent to CDRs can either contribute to, or distort, CDR loop conformation and must be adjusted to achieve high binding affinity.
Fluorometric High‐Throughput Screening for Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 (2000)

Rapid screening for cytochrome P450 inhibitors is part of the current paradigm for avoiding development of drugs likely to give clinical pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions and associated toxicities. We have developed microtiter plate-based, direct, fluorometric assays for the activities of the principal human drug-metabolizing enzymes, CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, as well as for CYP2A6, which is an important enzyme in environmental toxicology. These assays are rapid and compatible with existing high-throughput assay instrumentation. For CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6, the potency of enzyme inhibition (IC50) is consistent regardless of the probe substrate or assay method employed. In contrast, CYP3A4 inhibition for an individual inhibitor shows significant differences in potency (>300-fold) depending on the probe substrate being used. We have investigated these differences through the use of several structurally distinct fluorescent substrates for CYP3A4 and several classical substrate probes (e.g., testosterone, nifedipine, and midazolam), with a panel of known, clinically significant, CYP3A4 inhibitors. The use of multiple probe substrates appears to be needed to characterize the inhibition potential of xenobiotics for CYP3A4.
Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication by Artemisinins: Effects Mediated through Cell Cycle Modulation (2015)

Artemisinin-derived monomers and dimers inhibit human cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). The monomer artesunate (AS) inhibits CMV at micromolar concentrations, while dimers inhibit CMV replication at nanomolar concentrations, without increased toxicity in HFFs. We report on the variable anti-CMV activity of AS compared to the consistent and reproducible CMV inhibition by dimer 606 and ganciclovir (GCV). Investigation of this phenomenon revealed that the anti-CMV activity of AS correlated with HFFs synchronized to the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle. In contact-inhibited serum-starved HFFs or cells arrested at early/late G1 with specific checkpoint regulators, AS and dimer 606 efficiently inhibited CMV replication. However, in cycling HFFs, in which CMV replication was productive, virus inhibition by AS was significantly reduced, but inhibition by dimer 606 and GCV was maintained. Cell cycle analysis in noninfected HFFs revealed that AS induced early G1 arrest, while dimer 606 partially blocked cell cycle progression. In infected HFFs, AS and dimer 606 prevented the progression of cell cycle toward the G1/S checkpoint. AS reduced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2, 4, and 6 in noninfected cycling HFFs, while the effect of dimer 606 on these CDKs was moderate. Neither compound affected CDK expression in noninfected contact-inhibited HFFs. In CMV-infected cells, AS activity correlated with reduced CDK2 levels. CMV inhibition by AS and dimer 606 also correlated with hypophosphorylation (activity) of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb). AS activity was strongly associated with pRb hypophosphorylation, while its reduced anti-CMV activity was marked by pRb phosphorylation. Roscovitine, a CDK2 inhibitor, antagonized the anti-CMV activities of AS and dimer 606. These data suggest that cell cycle modulation through CDKs and pRb might play a role in the anti-CMV activities of artemisinins. Proteins involved in this modulation may be identified and targeted for CMV inhibition.
An Improved Word-Detection Algorithm for Telephone-Quality Speech Incorporating Both Syntactic and Semantic Constraints (1984)

Accurate location of the endpoints of spoken words and phrases is important for reliable and robust speech recognition. The endpoint detection problem is fairly straightforward for high-level speech signals in low-level stationary noise environments (e.g., signal-to-noise ratios greater than 30-dB rms). However, this problem becomes considerably more difficult when either the speech signals are too low in level (relative to the background noise), or when the background noise becomes highly nonstationary. Such conditions are often encountered in the switched telephone network when the limitation on using local dialed-up lines is removed. In such cases the background noise is often highly variable in both level and spectral content because of transmission line characteristics, transients and tones from the line and/or from signal generators, etc. Conventional speech endpoint detectors have been shown to perform very poorly (on the order of 50-percent word detection) under these conditions. In this paper we present an improved word-detection algorithm, which can incorporate both vocabulary (syntactic) and task (semantic) information, leading to word-detection accuracies close to 100 percent for isolated digit detection over a wide range of telephone transmission conditions.
SPEAKER TRACKING USING PARTICLE FILTER SENSOR FUSION (2004)

in Proc. of Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV), 2004 Sensor fusion for object tracking has become an active research direction during the past few years. But how to do it in a robust and principled way is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a new fusion framework that combines both the bottom-up and top-down approaches to probabilistically fuse multiple sensing modalities. At the lower level, individual vision and audio trackers are designed to generate effective proposals for the fuser. At the higher level, the fuser performs reliable tracking by verifying hypotheses over multiple likelihood models from different sensors. Unlike the traditional fusion algorithms, the proposed framework is a closed-loop system where the fuser and trackers coordinate their tracking information. Furthermore, the proposed framework provides a natural scheme to evaluate the performance of the individual trackers and dynamically updates their object states in nonstationary environments and hence much more robust in longterm tracking. We present a real-time speaker tracking system by fusing object contour, color and sound source localization. Robust tracking results are achieved.
Decimation-Enhanced Finite Alphabet Iterative Decoders for LDPC codes on\n the BSC (2011)

Finite alphabet iterative decoders (FAID) with multilevel messages that can\nsurpass BP in the error floor region for LDPC codes on the BSC were previously\nproposed. In this paper, we propose decimation-enhanced decoders. The technique\nof decimation which is incorporated into the message update rule, involves\nfixing certain bits of the code to a particular value. Under appropriately\nchosen rules, decimation can significantly reduce the number of iterations\nrequired to correct a fixed number of errors, while maintaining the good\nperformance of the original decoder in the error floor region. At the same\ntime, the algorithm is much more amenable to analysis. We shall provide a\nsimple decimation scheme for a particularly good 7-level FAID for column-weight\nthree codes on the BSC, that helps to correct a fixed number of errors in fewer\niterations, and provide insights into the analysis of the decoder. We shall\nalso examine the conditions under which the decimation-enhanced 7-level FAID\nperforms at least as good as the 7-level FAID.\n
Simultaneously driven linear and nonlinear spatial encoding fields in MRI (2010)

Spatial encoding in MRI is conventionally achieved by the application of switchable linear encoding fields. The general concept of the recently introduced PatLoc (Parallel Imaging Technique using Localized Gradients) encoding is to use nonlinear fields to achieve spatial encoding. Relaxing the requirement that the encoding fields must be linear may lead to improved gradient performance or reduced peripheral nerve stimulation. In this work, a custom-built insert coil capable of generating two independent quadratic encoding fields was driven with high-performance amplifiers within a clinical MR system. In combination with the three linear encoding fields, the combined hardware is capable of independently manipulating five spatial encoding fields. With the linear z-gradient used for slice-selection, there remain four separate channels to encode a 2D-image. To compare trajectories of such multidimensional encoding, the concept of a local k-space is developed. Through simulations, reconstructions using six gradient-encoding strategies were compared, including Cartesian encoding separately or simultaneously on both PatLoc and linear gradients as well as two versions of a radial-based in/out trajectory. Corresponding experiments confirmed that such multidimensional encoding is practically achievable and demonstrated that the new radial-based trajectory offers the PatLoc property of variable spatial resolution while maintaining finite resolution across the entire field-of-view.