gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-hysteretic branches inside the hysteresis loop in VO2 films for focal plane array imaging bolometers (2008)

In the resistive phase transition in VO2, temperature excursions from points on the major hysteresis loop produce minor loops. We have found that for sufficiently small excursions these minor loops degenerate into single-valued, non-hysteretic branches (NHBs) having essentially the same or even higher temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) as the semiconducting phase at room temperature. We explain this behavior and discuss the opportunities it presents for infrared imaging technology based on resistive microbolometers. It is possible to choose a NHB with 100 to 1000 times smaller resistivity than in a pure semiconducting phase, thus providing a microbolometer with low tunable resistivity and high TCR.
Phase-Contrast X-Ray Imaging with a Triple-Bragg-Case Interferometer (2003)

A triple-Bragg-case X-ray interferometer was fabricated and tested for phase-contrast X-ray imaging using 0.071 nm synchrotron radiation X-rays. The interferometer generated interference fringes of 47% visibility, and the first measurement of the wavefront or phase map was successfully achieved. The performance of this interferometer was sufficient for a future phase-contrast microtomography experiment for biological soft tissues using undulator X-rays.
Abstract 18896: Plasma Derived Alpha-2 Macroglobulin Limits the Inflammatory Injury in a Mouse Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Model (2017)

Introduction: Alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M) is a protein abundant in plasma known for its anti-inflammatory properties. A2M is cleared from the circulation by binding a membrane receptor, low-density...
Immunochemical studies of infectious mononucleosis. VIII. A glycoprotein from sheep erythrocytes with sialic acid-dependent receptor properties. (1982)

A glycoprotein was solubilized from sheep erythrocyte membranes with hot aqueous ethanol. The glycoprotein was purified by phosphocellulose chromatography, ethanol precipitation, lipid solvent extraction, and DEAE chromatography. In water solution the glycoprotein existed as globular aggregates with a diameter of 7.1 +/- 2.2 nm. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 80% of the material exhibited a subunit m.w.app of 27,000. Approximately 10% of the material had a m.w.app of only 9000 and another 10% had a m.w.app of 35,000. All three fractions were reactive with Paul-Bunnell heterophile antibody from the sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis and with Limulus polyphemus lectin. These activities were destroyed by neuraminidase treatment. Complete inhibition of the rosetting of sheep red blood cells by 4 X 10(5) human peripheral blood lymphocytes was seen at 100 to 200 micrograms glycoprotein/ml. Neuraminidase-treated glycoprotein was not inhibitory. Pronase-derived sialoglycopeptide was inhibitory. Most likely, the receptor for lymphocytes resides in the carbohydrate portion of the glycoprotein. By using 125I-glycoprotein, binding studies were carried out that yielded an estimate of approximately 2 X 10(5) binding sites for sheep erythrocyte glycoprotein per lymphocyte. Purified glycoprotein contained 44.4% amino acid. Carbohydrate components and their molar ratios were sialic acid (1.0): galactose (1.0):N-acetylglucosamine (1.3): N-acetylgalactosamine (1.2).
Low-Cost Remote Temperature Sensor for Microwave and Rf Heating Using Microwave Radiometry (2002)

While microwave radiometry has been used for remote temperature measurement in microwave and RF heating applications in the past, the complex and expensive instrumentation required has limited its range of applications. Recent advances in low-noise, low-cost microwave amplifiers for consumer products should make it possible to design lower-cost radiometers for a wide range of industrial applications in the future. This paper describes the use of a low-cost microwave satellite receiver in a 12-GHz radiometer system to remotely measure the temperature of wood, rubber, and carbon adsorbent.After calibration, the radiometer’s accuracy is typically within ±5°C or better over a range of 25–70°C. With high-loss materials such as carbon, the radiometer senses temperature within a few mm of the surface. With lower-loss materials such as rubber and wood, the radiometer detects temperature changes in water-bearing regions as deep as 1 cm below the surface. The experimental data presented compare favorably with theory.
Relating Anaerobic Digestion Microbial Community and Process Function : Supplementary Issue: Water Microbiology (2015)

Anaerobic digestion (AD) involves a consortium of microorganisms that convert substrates into biogas containing methane for renewable energy. The technology has suffered from the perception of being periodically unstable due to limited understanding of the relationship between microbial community structure and function. The emphasis of this review is to describe microbial communities in digesters and quantitative and qualitative relationships between community structure and digester function. Progress has been made in the past few decades to identify key microorganisms influencing AD. Yet, more work is required to realize robust, quantitative relationships between microbial community structure and functions such as methane production rate and resilience after perturbations. Other promising areas of research for improved AD may include methods to increase/control (1) hydrolysis rate, (2) direct interspecies electron transfer to methanogens, (3) community structure-function relationships of methanogens, (4) methanogenesis via acetate oxidation, and (5) bioaugmentation to study community-activity relationships or improve engineered bioprocesses.
SCISSORS: A Linear-Algebraical Technique to Rapidly Approximate Chemical Similarities (2010)

Algorithms for several emerging large-scale problems in cheminformatics have as their rate-limiting step the evaluation of relatively slow chemical similarity measures, such as structural similarity or three-dimensional (3-D) shape comparison. In this article we present SCISSORS, a linear-algebraical technique (related to multidimensional scaling and kernel principal components analysis) to rapidly estimate chemical similarities for several popular measures. We demonstrate that SCISSORS faithfully reflects its source similarity measures for both Tanimoto calculation and rank ordering. After an efficient precalculation step on a database, SCISSORS affords several orders of magnitude of speedup in database screening. SCISSORS furthermore provides an asymptotic speedup for large similarity matrix construction problems, reducing the number of conventional slow similarity evaluations required from quadratic to linear scaling.
Multi-plane optical interconnection for energy-proportional network architectures (2010)

This paper considers a multi-plane architecture based on space and wavelength switching for a more energy-efficient and energy-proportional interconnection network. The power dissipation of the proposed architecture is evaluated with respect to the network utilization, an increasingly important network metric in high performance computing platforms.
Digital background calibration for pipelined ADCs (2013)

Pipelined ADCs with more than 12 bits of resolution typically require linearity enhancement. This paper shows that the gain errors of both the sub DACs and interstage amplifiers in a pipelined ADC can be digitally corrected. A background calibration method is developed employing an energy free methodology for both single and multi stage errors and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Enhancing molecular logic through modulation of temporal and spatial constraints with quantum dot-based systems that use fluorescent (Förster) resonance energy transfer (2013)

Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) contain favorable photonic properties (e.g., resistance to photobleaching, size-tunable PL, and large effective Stokes shifts) that make them well-suited for fluorescence (Förster) resonance energy transfer (FRET) based applications including monitoring proteolytic activity, elucidating the effects of nanoparticles-mediated drug delivery, and analyzing the spatial and temporal dynamics of cellular biochemical processes. Herein, we demonstrate how unique considerations of temporal and spatial constraints can be used in conjunction with QD-FRET systems to open up new avenues of scientific discovery in information processing and molecular logic circuitry. For example, by conjugating both long lifetime luminescent terbium(III) complexes (Tb) and fluorescent dyes (A647) to a single QD, we can create multiple FRET lanes that change temporally as the QD acts as both an acceptor and donor at distinct time intervals. Such temporal FRET modulation creates multi-step FRET cascades that produce a wealth of unique photoluminescence (PL) spectra that are well-suited for the construction of a photonic alphabet and photonic logic circuits. These research advances in bio-based molecular logic open the door to future applications including multiplexed biosensing and drug delivery for disease diagnostics and treatment.
Dendritic Cell Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Suppression (2012)

While dendritic cell-based therapy is a clinical reality for human malignancies, until now, some conceptual concerns have served to delay its consideration to treat human autoimmune diseases, even in light of almost two decades' worth of overwhelmingly supportive preclinical animal studies. This article provides an overview of the development of dendritic cell-based therapy for Type 1 diabetes mellitus, given that this is the best-studied autoimmune disorder and that there is a good understanding of the underlying immunology. This article also highlights data from the authors' pioneering Phase I clinical trial with tolerogenic dendritic cells, which hopes to motivate the clinical translation of other dendritic cell-based approaches, to one or more carefully selected Type 1 diabetic patient populations.
Synthetic conversion of bryostatin 2 to bryostatin 1 and related bryopyrans (1991)

Bryostatin 2 (1a) has been converted to bryostatin 1 (1e) and bryostatin 12 (1i) by a selective protection and deprotection involving the C-26 hydroxyl group. The new bryostatins 1g,1k, and 1m were also prepared starting from bryostatin 2. The C-7 substituents of natural bryostatins 4 and 5 were revised from isovalerate → pivalate employing comparative 1 H and 13 C NMR studies of the semi-synthetic bryostatins 1k and 1m and the natural products. Key words: bryostatin 2 → 1, selective conversion, bryostatins 4 and 5, pivalates.
Survival trends in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: an analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2014)

To the editor:

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare indolent B-cell lymphoma. Approximately 1000-1500 new cases of WM are diagnosed every year in the United States.[1][1] Although previous studies suggested prolonged survival in WM patients, it is unclear whether there have been
A Robotic Leg Prosthesis: Design, Control, and Implementation (2014)

This article describes the design and control of a powered knee and ankle prosthesis for transfemoral amputees. Following a description of the design hardware, a hybrid control approach that provides coordination for level walking is described. The hybrid control approach combines a piecewise-passive impedance-based component during the stance phase of gait with a high impedance trajectory-tracking component during the terminal stance and swing. To validate the design, the controller was implemented on the powered prosthesis prototype, and its ability to provide level walking functionality was evaluated on three transfemoral amputee subjects. The data presented from these experimental trials indicate that the prosthesis and control approach reproduce knee and ankle joint kinematic and kinetic features that are highly representative of corresponding healthy joint biomechanics.
Conception and design of an automated insertion tool for cochlear implants (2008)

Cochlear implants (CI) are electronic devices incorporating an electrode inserted into the human cochlea for direct electric stimulation of the auditory nerve. The implantation has become the standard treatment for patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural loss not aidable with conventional hearing aids. The state of the art operative technique is a facial recess approach to the middle ear, following the opening of the scala tympani (cochleostomy) and insertion of the electrode array. The facial recess approach is applicable only by experienced surgeons and optimal CI results primarily depend on optimal electrode placement and minimal traumatic insertion. This also requires a certain amount of experience. Additionally several groups work on minimally-invasive approaches to the cochlea, resulting in the necessity to insert the implant via a keyhole access, which is not applicable with current techniques. This paper presents a mechatronic device for an automated insertion of the electrode array of a cochlear implant system. Being designed especially for minimally-invasive approaches, the tool is also applicable for regular facial recess approaches. Moreover the device allows reliable and repeatable insertion studies at synthetic models or cadaver specimen. The functionality of the tool is proofed with first experiments on a synthetic model.
A novel merozoite surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum (MSP-3) identified by cellular-antibody cooperative mechanism antigenicity and biological activity of antibodies (1994)

We report the identification of a 48kDa antigen targeted by antibodies which inhibit Plasmodium falciparum in vitro growth by cooperation with blood monocytes in an ADCI assay correlated to the naturally acquired protection. This protein is located on the surface of the merozoite stage of P. falciparum, and is detectable in all isolates tested. Epidemiological studies demonstrated that peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of MSP-3 contain potent B and T-cell epitopes recognized by a majority of individuals living in endemic areas. Moreover human antibodies either purified on the recombinant protein, or on the synthetic peptide MSP-3b, as well as antibodies raised in mice, were all found to promote parasite killing mediated by monocytes.
Energy-Efficient Group Key Agreement for Wireless Networks (2015)

Advances in lattice-based cryptography are enabling the use of public key algorithms (PKAs) in power-constrained ad hoc and sensor network devices. Unfortunately, while many wireless networks are dominated by group communications, PKAs are inherently unicast—i.e., public/private key pairs are generated by data destinations. To fully realize public key cryptography in these networks, lightweight PKAs should be augmented with energy-efficient mechanisms for group key agreement. We consider a setting where master keys are loaded on clients according to an arbitrary distribution. We present a protocol that uses session keys derived from those master keys to establish a group key that is information-theoretically secure. When master keys are distributed randomly, our protocol requires <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(\log_b t)$</tex-math></inline-formula> multicasts, where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1-1/b$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the probability that a given client possesses a given master key. The minimum number of public multicast transmissions required for a set of clients to agree on a secret key in our setting was recently characterized. The proposed protocol achieves the best possible approximation to that optimum that is computable in polynomial time. Moreover, the computational requirements of our protocol compare favorably to multi-party extensions of Diffie-Hellman key exchange.
Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent and Plasma‐Stable Dimeric Inhibitors of the PSD‐95–NMDA Receptor Interaction (2009)

Im Doppel: Die Dimerisierung monomerer Peptidliganden für die PDZ-Domänen des Proteins PSD-95 (postsynaptische Dichte 95) liefert leistungsfähige Inhibitoren von Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungen, die in Blutplasma stabil sind. Durch Optimierung der Länge des Polyethylenglycol-Linkers gelangt man zu Inhibitoren der PDZ1-2-Domäne (siehe Bild) mit bislang unerreichter Affinität. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effects of confinement on the phase separation in emeraldine base polyaniline cast from 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone studied via dielectric spectroscopy (2002)

Measurement in the frequency range 3 mHz–106 Hz of the dielectric characteristics of emeraldine base polyaniline dissolved in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and cast into bulk free-standing polymer films shows features similar to those reported by others and which are a result of microphase separation into reduced and oxidized repeat units. However, upon confinement into the cylindrical pores, of average diameter 20 nm, of a porous membrane such features of microphase separation do not occur. Strong pinning of the charge carriers due to interactions of the polymer with pore walls together with constrained chain packing and a non-uniform rate of evaporation of the NMP solvent from the pores suggests that the microphase separation observed in the bulk polymer is suppressed. This has the potential of being able to enhance the bulk conductivity after doping by reducing the internal intrachain disorder introduced by microphase separation.
Catalyst-Free and Redox-Neutral Innate Trifluoromethylation and Alkylation of Aromatics Enabled by Light (2017)

The Minisci alkylation is useful to functionalize aromatics via alkyl radical addition. Current approaches to prepare alkyl radicals follow either oxidative or reductive pathways from various functional groups. Developing new strategy beyond these traditional methods remains elusive yet highly significant. In this article, we present a redox-neutral and catalyst-free protocol to engender alkyl radicals in the context of trifluoromethylation and general alkylation of arenes. This protocol, via the Norrish type I concept to produce alkyl radicals, accommodates various functional groups and delivers the product in good yields. This method identified a series of compounds as the trifluoromethylation and alkylation reagents assisted by light. It is expected that these compounds can find potential applications in other radical-involved reactions.
Silicon Microchips for Manipulating Cell-cell Interaction (2007)

The role of the cellular microenvironment is recognized as crucial in determining cell fate and function in virtually all mammalian tissues from development to malignant transformation. In particular, interaction with neighboring stroma has been implicated in a plethora of biological phenomena; however, conventional techniques limit the ability to interrogate the spatial and dynamic elements of such interactions. In Micromechanical Reconfigurable Culture (RC), we employ a micromachined silicon substrate with moving parts to dynamically control cell-cell interactions through mechanical repositioning. Previously, this method has been applied to investigate intercellular communication in co-cultures of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells, demonstrating time-dependent interactions and a limited range for soluble signaling (1). Here, we describe in detail the preparation and use of the RC system. We begin by demonstrating the handling of the device parts using tweezers, including actuating between the gap and contact configurations (cell populations separated by a narrow 80-microm gap, or in direct intimate contact). Next, we detail the process of preparing the substrates for culture, and the multi-step cell seeding process required for obtaining confluent cell monolayers. Using live microscopy, we then illustrate real-time manipulation of cells between the different possible experimental configurations. Finally, we demonstrate the steps required in order to regenerate the device surface for reuse: toluene and piranha cleaning, polystyrene coating, and oxygen plasma treatment.
Tunable magnetization damping in transition metal ternary alloys (2004)

We show that magnetization damping in Permalloy, Ni80Fe20, can be enhanced sufficiently to reduce postswitching magnetization precession to an acceptable level by alloying with the transition metal Os (osmium). The damping increases monotonically upon raising the Os concentration in Permalloy, at least up to 9% of Os. Other effects of alloying with Os are suppression of magnetization and enhancement of in-plane anisotropy. Magnetization damping also increases significantly upon alloying with the five other transition metals included in this study (4d elements: Nb, Ru, Rh; 5d elements: Ta, Pt) but never as strongly as with Os.
A General Framework for Distributed Coordination of Parameters in Communication Networks (2013)

A frequently encountered problem in a cellular network is the selection for each cell in the network a set of parameter values that is uniquely distinguishable from or compatible with those selected by its neighboring cells. Examples include reuse frequency, reference signal offset, beamforming weights and transmit power, just to name a few. It may also be advantageous for the parameter selection to be carried out in a distributed manner so that no centralized controller is required. In this paper, we study a general framework for coordinating parameters in a distributed manner with the goal of applying such a framework to solving most of the above-mentioned problems that have well-defined cost functions. The main components of the framework are the exchange of the impact functions among neighboring nodes and the parameter update based on the weighted sum of these impact functions. The impact function is essentially an indication to the recipient of the information the impact of the recipient's parameter setting on the cost function of the node that transmits the information. Simulations using frequency reuse planning as an example show good convergence behavior and performance comparing with ideal assignment.
Block-based iterative coordinate descent (2010)

In the context of X-ray computed tomography (CT), the iterative coordinate descent (ICD) algorithm is a reconstruction algorithm that computes image updates on a voxel-by-voxel basis. This algorithm in turn can form the basis of powerful model-based iterative reconstruction frameworks for CT reconstruction . In this paper, a block based version of ICD (B-ICD) that computes an update for a block of N voxels simultaneously while accounting for the correlation among the N voxels is explored. Previous studies investigating grouped updates in a coordinate descent (GCD) framework include updating a group of potentially correlated or coupled voxels using an under-relaxation factor that preserves convergence . For the B-ICD method, however, this paper forms and solves a linear system corresponding to a block of voxels in which the correlation is directly accounted for. Using this framework, highly correlated voxels is updated whereas with GCD algorithms it is preferable in terms of the resultant relaxation factors to update voxels with little to no correlation.