gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Two-photon excited imaging of photosensitizers in tissues</title> (1999)

Two-photon microscopy (TPM) is a non-invasive biological imaging technique that can be used to selectively image cellular activity and photosensitizer (PS) localization within highly scattering epithelial tissues at depths of approximately 200 micrometer with submicron resolution. The principal objective of this study was to develop a model system for understanding the impact of photodynamic therapy on cellular and extracellular matrix remodeling in biological tissues. An artificial tissue model (RAFT) composed of collagen, embedded fibroblasts, and macrophage cells has been developed for this purpose. TPM is utilized to monitor extracellular matrix remodeling following PDT by imaging collagen/elastin autofluorescence. Selective uptake of photosensitizers by specific cellular components in the matrix can also be visualized by TPM.
Bariatric Surgery Versus Intensive Medical Therapy in Obese Patients With Diabetes (2013)

Schauer, Philip R.; Kashyap, Sangeeta R.; Wolski, Kathy; Brethauer, Stacy A.; Kirwan, John P.; Pothier, Claire E.; Thomas, Susan; Abood, Beth; Nissen, Steven E.; Bhatt, Deepak L. Author Information
Lead systems for the abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (1989)

The literature on abdominal FECG has been studied for design principals of a lead system for recording FECG signals at the maternal abdomen. The indications are compared, contrasted, and combined with the results obtained from basic FECG data collected in a recent study on the modelling of the FECG.
Background Document for an Advanced Personal Load Carriage System for the Canadian Forces (1995)

Abstract : As part of the research for the Advanced Personal Load Carriage System (APLCS) for the Canadian military, the Ergonomics Research Group (ERG) at Queen's University has performed an extensive review of current load carriage systems and load carriage literature. A background report on the evolution and current state of load carriage equipment was prepared for ERG. Civilian trekkers responded to interviews covering many design features and ergonomic preferences for current load carriage systems. They reviewed the three military and one commercial pack that ERG possesses. Military load carriage equipment from Canada and two foreign countries has been examined and evaluated by our team of scientists and load carriage experts. Canadian military personnel provided feedback through questionnaires and interviews on the strengths and weakness of various design elements. Additional information was solicited on load carriage limits, typical tasks and operating conditions. In some cases, there are clear deficiencies in some design elements. However, in many instances the success of a particular configuration is individual and/or task and/or environment specific. One of the main benefits of this review has been a better understanding of the interplay amongst these factors. Scientific and popular literature on load carriage design elements and performance ratings has been summarized in this report. Many studies have been performed to assess the effects of load carriage on humans. Factors studied included total load, load distribution, and various load carriage systems. Conditions range from forced marches of several days to balance, treadmill or circuit tests in the laboratory. Formal assessment methods are mostly based on physiological or biomechanical measurements or ratings of perceived exertion.
Driver behavior classification model based on an intelligent driving diagnosis system (2012)

This paper considers the problem of characterize the way people drive applied to driver assistance systems and integrated safety systems without using direct driver signals. To make this, is proposed the design of a driver behaviors classifier based on a previous intelligent driving diagnosis system development by us [1]. This, take into account signals that can be acquired by a GPS data logging system: position, velocity, accelerations and steering angle. The classifier proposed, present the structure of an intelligent driver behaviors model based on neural networks and using as inputs statistical transformations of the driving diagnosis time signals: steering profiles, pedals uses, speeding and getting out of the lane and road. The validation of this classifier is developed in two applications: driver identification for security systems and to classify a driver into one of two categories, aggressive and moderate. The proposed approach has been implemented in real environment and its performance tested in simulation runs. Experimental results presented in this paper shows that our intelligent driving diagnosis system is able to classify different kinds of drivers with a high degree of reliability.
Blood‐based markers of efficacy and resistance to cetuximab treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from <scp>CALGB</scp> 80203 (Alliance) (2016)

Circulating protein markers were assessed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with cetuximab in CALGB 80203 to identify prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Patients with locally advanced or metastatic CRC received FOLFOX or FOLFIRI chemotherapy (chemo) or chemo in combination with cetuximab. Baseline plasma samples from 152 patients were analyzed for six candidate markers [epidermal growth factor (EGF), heparin-binding EGF (HBEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HER2, HER3, and CD73]. Analyte levels were associated with survival endpoints using univariate Cox proportional hazards models. Predictive markers were identified using a treatment-by-marker interaction term in the Cox model. Plasma levels of EGF, HBEGF, HER3, and CD73 were prognostic for overall survival (OS) across all patients (KRAS mutant and wild-type). High levels of EGF predicted for lack of OS benefit from cetuximab in KRAS wild-type (WT) patients (chemo HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.74-1.29; chemo+cetuximab HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.05-2.25; interaction P = 0.045) and benefit from cetuximab in KRAS mutant patients (chemo HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.02-2.92; chemo+cetuximab HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.67-1.21; interaction P = 0.026). Across all patients, higher HER3 levels were associated with significant OS benefit from cetuximab treatment (chemo HR = 4.82, 95% CI = 1.68-13.84; chemo+cetuximab HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.31-2.95; interaction P = 0.046). CD73 was also identified as predictive of OS benefit in KRAS WT patients (chemo HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.88-1.84; chemo+cetuximab HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.32-1.13; interaction P = 0.049). Although these results are preliminary, and confirmatory studies are necessary before clinical application, the data suggest that HER3 and CD73 may play important roles in the biological response to cetuximab.
Enantioselective Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones (2001)

[figure: see text] The asymmetric hydrogenation of trifluoromethyl ketones to yield chiral alpha-trifluoromethyl alcohols with enantiomeric excesses up to 98% was achieved in the presence of chiral rhodium-(amidephosphine-phosphinite) complexes.
The immobilization of lipase on Sepabeads: Coupling, characterization and application in geranyl butyrate synthesis in a low aqueous system (2008)

Lipase from Candida rugosa immobilized on Sepabeads EC-EP was shown to catalyze the esterification of geraniol with butyric acid in a predominantly organic system. The immobilization procedure was adjusted to optimize the enzyme activity and the immobilized enzyme was then used for a geranyl butyrate synthesis as a study model. The immobilized enzyme showed favorable performances in an aqueous system and increased the stability in the presence of organic solvents. The response surface methodology and a 5-level-5-factor central composite rotatable design were performed to identify the factors that influence the ester production and to verify whether any changes should be made in their settings to improve this reaction. The initial water content, the reaction temperature, the enzyme concentration, acid/alcohol molar ratio and time of addition of molecular sieves were the variables investigated. The production of the ester was optimized and an ester production response equation was obtained, making it possible to predict ester yields from the known values of the five main factors. The temperature during the esterification reaction was identified as the factor having the greatest impact on the ester yield.
Low-crosstalk LiNbO3 optical switch with embedded sub Mach-Zehnder structures (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrate an optical 2times2 switch having an extinction ratio of more than 42 dB over C- and L-band wavelengths by adopting Mach-Zehnder structures to balance optical powers at the two waveguides in the switch. In addition, we also demonstrate the possibility of ultrafast switching, by measurement of high-frequency response at the drop port of the switch when we apply 10-GHz voltage signal
Development of new surfactant for liquid surfactant membrane process. (1987)

To obtain more stable W/O emulsion for liquid surfactant membrane technique, a series of glutamic acid dialkyl esters and dialkyl type quaternary ammonium salts as new surfactants in place of Span 80 and polyamine were synthesized. The adsorption equilibria between aqueous solution and organic solution containing the synthesized surfactants were elucidated and the stability of liquid surfactant membrane made of these surfactants was examined in a stirred tank. A series of synthesized surfactants having two long alkyl chains in hydrophobic site gave more stable emulsion at a lower concentration compared with Span 80 and polyamine. Among them, glutamic acid dioleyl ester formed the most stable emulsion.
Logical Modeling and Dynamical Analysis of Cellular Networks (2016)

The logical (or logic) formalism is increasingly used to model regulatory and signaling networks. Complementing these applications, several groups contributed various methods and tools to support the definition and analysis of logical models. After an introduction to the logical modeling framework and to several of its variants, we review here a number of recent methodological advances to ease the analysis of large and intricate networks. In particular, we survey approaches to determine model attractors and their reachability properties, to assess the dynamical impact of variations of external signals, and to consistently reduce large models. To illustrate these developments, we further consider several published logical models for two important biological processes, namely the differentiation of T helper cells and the control of mammalian cell cycle.
LncRNADisease: a database for long-non-coding RNA-associated diseases (2012)

In this article, we describe a long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and disease association database (LncRNADisease), which is publicly accessible at http://cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/lncrnadisease. In recent years, a large number of lncRNAs have been identified and increasing evidence shows that lncRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes. Therefore, the dysfunctions of lncRNAs are associated with a wide range of diseases. It thus becomes important to understand lncRNAs' roles in diseases and to identify candidate lncRNAs for disease diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. For this purpose, a high-quality lncRNA-disease association database would be extremely beneficial. Here, we describe the LncRNADisease database that collected and curated approximately 480 entries of experimentally supported lncRNA-disease associations, including 166 diseases. LncRNADisease also curated 478 entries of lncRNA interacting partners at various molecular levels, including protein, RNA, miRNA and DNA. Moreover, we annotated lncRNA-disease associations with genomic information, sequences, references and species. We normalized the disease name and the type of lncRNA dysfunction and provided a detailed description for each entry. Finally, we developed a bioinformatic method to predict novel lncRNA-disease associations and integrated the method and the predicted associated diseases of 1564 human lncRNAs into the database.
Homology between mammalian DNA polymerase beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. (1987)

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA and the genomic clones for rat DNA polymerase beta revealed the existence of a 1,005-base pair open reading frame capable of encoding a Mr = 38,269 polypeptide of 335 amino acid residues. The region of 174 amino acid residues between the 42nd and 215th residues of the DNA polymerase beta polypeptide has extensive amino acid sequence homology with the region between the 195th and 366th residues of human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. The two enzymes share extensive homology not only in primary structures but also in the computer-derived higher structures in these particular regions. The genes for DNA polymerase beta and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase are proposed to be derived from a common ancestral DNA polymerase gene.
Design of New Chain Transmission and Automatic Meshing Installation (2013)

The paper created a kind of new transmission way of chain, and applied it to a kind of crawl installation, which has realized installations rotational motion around a space big disc. Pneumatic motor played an important role in the program. This new chain transmission made use of pneumatic motor to drive sprocket, and applied cylinder to control sprocket and chains meshing and separation. It can satisfy demands of chain and sprocket with the variations of work conditions. It proves working course and the principle of this kind of transmission way in detail in the paper.
Electronic Structure of Group III Elements Doped into ZnO by Using Molecular Orbital Calculation (2002)

Abstract The electronic structures of ZnO doped with group III elements (B, Al, Ga and In) are calculated by using the discrete variational Xα method of clusters. For ZnO doped with group III elements, new states originating from group III elements appear in the band gap. The depth energy of impurity-related states is the shallowest for Al and is the deepest for B.
Auditing and Achieving Intersectional Fairness in Classification Problems (2019)

Machine learning algorithms are extensively used to make increasingly more consequential decisions about people, so achieving optimal predictive performance can no longer be the only focus. A particularly important consideration is fairness with respect to race, gender, or any other sensitive attribute. This paper studies intersectional fairness, where intersections of multiple sensitive attributes are considered. Prior research has mainly focused on fairness with respect to a single sensitive attribute, with intersectional fairness being comparatively less studied despite its critical importance for the safety of modern machine learning systems. We present a comprehensive framework for auditing and achieving intersectional fairness in classification problems: we define a suite of metrics to assess intersectional fairness in the data or model outputs by extending known single-attribute fairness metrics, and propose methods for robustly estimating them even when some intersectional subgroups are underrepresented. Furthermore, we develop post-processing techniques to mitigate any detected intersectional bias in a classification model. Our techniques do not rely on any assumptions regarding the underlying model and preserve predictive performance at a guaranteed level of fairness. Finally, we give guidance on a practical implementation, showing how the proposed methods perform on a real-world dataset.
A Packet Generator on the NetFPGA Platform (2009)

A packet generator and network traffic capture system has been implemented on the NetFPGA. The NetFPGA is an open networking platform accelerator that enables rapid development of hardware-accelerated packet processing applications. The packet generator application allows Internet packets to be transmitted at line rate on up to four gigabit Ethernet ports simultaneously. Data transmitted is specified in a standard PCAP file, transferred to local memory on the NetFPGA card, then sent on the gigabit links using a precise data rate, inter-packet delay, and number of iterations specified by the user. The hardware circuit also simultaneously operates as a packet capture system, allowing traffic to be captured from up to all four of the gigabit Ethernet ports. Timestamps are recorded and traffic can be transferred back to the host and stored using the same PCAP format. The project has been implemented as a fully open-source project and serves as an exemplar project on how to build and distribute NetFPGA applications. All of the code (Verilog hardware, system software, verification scripts, make files, and support tools) can be freely downloaded from the NetFPGA.org Website. Benchmarks comparing this hardware-accelerated application to the fastest available PC with a PCIe NIC shows that the FPGA-based hardware-accelerator far exceeds the performance possible using TCP-reply software.
Magnetic material grafted cross-linked imidazolium based polyionic liquids: an efficient acid catalyst for the synthesis of promising liquid fuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural from carbohydrates (2015)

A magnetic material grafted with polyionic liquid showed high catalytic activity for the synthesis of the promising liquid fuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural from carbohydrates.
Photoelectrochemical Systems for H2 Production (2003)

Objectives • Identify and characterize new semiconductor materials that are capable of splitting water using sunlight as the only energy input. • Improve the durability (stability) of semiconductor materials in aqueous solutions. • Develop multijunction high-efficiency water-splitting systems to meet the 2015 target of 14% solar-tohydrogen efficiency. • Apply basic science understanding for control of the energetics of the semiconductor in solution (band edge engineering). • Develop techniques for the preparation of transparent catalytic coatings and their application to semiconductor surfaces.
Retrieving and Ranking Methods for Finding Match Candidates (2011)

Until now, many ontology matching approaches that are applicable to topic maps have been proposed. However, they assume that two ontologies are given before matching and they do not consider searching and selecting the most appropriate ontology from ontology libraries. In our system, topic maps can be searched by a topic map, which is entered by user in order to be evolved by matching and merging with the most appropriate topic map from available topic maps collection. To provide the best search result to user, we develop a ranking method based on syntactic and semantic structure of topics.
[Skin-cleansing and bath-therapy in skin diseases. 1. Skin-cleansing]. (1977)

The data consists of interview transcripts and fieldnotes, detailing aspects of anticipatory activity (the management of futures) in the UK food system, according to a variety of food system actors, including producers, retailers, regulators, industry bodies and consultants. From animal disease outbreaks, to accidental contamination, food-borne illnesses, and concerns over the provenance or ingredients of foodstuffs, food crises of one form or another are seemingly a regular occurrence. The question that gets asked each time is 'couldn't we have seen this coming?' This project will look at the ways in which those involved in the production, processing, retail, management and governance of food anticipate future problems and develop plans to avoid them or deal with them, through forms of precaution, preparedness and pre-emptive action. We will explore how the increasing amount of information generated about food during its production, and the increasingly sophisticated technologies for generating and managing that information, helps or hinders the anticipation and management of food emergencies. We will also look at how those involved in all aspects of food production, retail and regulation form communities and networks to plan for problems and build make a more resilient food system, and whether certain ways of thinking and acting - and the bodies associated with them - come to dominate efforts to stave off future problems. We will do this by observing anticipatory activities and technologies throughout the food system, and interviewing those who try to develop ways to deal with uncertainty including groups who lobby for changes to food governance, industry bodies and government officials as well as those directly handling foodstuffs. By investigating these issues we will be able to draw out realistic lessons for building a more resilient food system.
Human prostate-specific antigen (APS) is a member of the glandular kallikrein gene family at 19q13 (1988)

The amino acid sequence of human prostate-specific antigen (APS) suggests that it is a member of the glandular kallikrein subfamily of serine proteases. In the mouse, the kallikrein-like family is localized in a single locus on chromosome 7, while other serine proteases are distributed over a variety of different chromosomes. To investigate the physical relationship between the human kallikrein genes, we have used in situ hybridization and Southern analysis of a human x mouse somatic cell hybrid panel to map the APS gene to 19q13, concordant with the renal kallikrein KLK1 gene. This finding indicates that APS is a member of a human kallikrein-like gene family with analogous organization to that of the mouse.
Characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in the species of the rumen microbiota (2019)

Infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria represent a therapeutic challenge both in clinical settings and in livestock production, but the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes among the species of bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants is not well characterized. Here, we investigate the resistome of 435 ruminal microbial genomes in silico and confirm representative phenotypes in vitro. We find a high abundance of genes encoding tetracycline resistance and evidence that the tet(W) gene is under positive selective pressure. Our findings reveal that tet(W) is located in a novel integrative and conjugative element in several ruminal bacterial genomes. Analyses of rumen microbial metatranscriptomes confirm the expression of the most abundant antibiotic resistance genes. Our data provide insight into antibiotic resistange gene profiles of the main species of ruminal bacteria and reveal the potential role of mobile genetic elements in shaping the resistome of the rumen microbiome, with implications for human and animal health.
Analysis of Miniature Metamaterial and Magnetodielectric Arbitrary-Shaped Patch Antennas Using Characteristic Modes: Evaluation of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> Factor (2016)

Evaluating the Q factor of antennas using metamaterial substrates is a challenge and requires new analysis techniques. This challenge is even more important for arbitrary-shaped antennas. In this paper, we address the problem of analysis and evaluation of metamaterial-based antennas through the use of characteristic modes. We propose a new expression for the total Q factor, which is independent of the excitation and based on the eigenvalues of the structure. The proposed expression is used to compute the Q factor of an arbitrary-shaped resonant antenna and shows excellent agreement with other expressions in the literature such as the ones proposed by Yaghjian, Best, and Gustafsson. The approach is then used to analyze small patch antennas over metamaterial and magnetodielectric substrates. It is shown using the defined Q factor expression that a magnetic substrate offers a significant bandwidth enlargement for the first active modes, and a dielectric substrate presents the opposite effect. This agrees with other works based on analytical approaches. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a reactive impedance metamaterial substrate presents identical modal significances that are identical to a conventional magnetodielectric substrate when associated with a patch antenna. This analysis is suitable for structures presenting noncanonical geometries and arbitrary shapes such as metamaterial inclusions.