gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defining an Individual’s Critical Wealth Level (2013)

The author uses an expected utility function of time and wealth to define an individual’s critical wealth level. Traditional asset allocation models are based on modern portfolio theory’s assumptions that individuals are homogenous wealth maximizers who have the same time horizon. These assumptions are questioned beyond the critical wealth level. Individuals often retire voluntarily once a target wealth level is obtained that optimizes their desired sustainable consumption and amount of leisure time. The critical wealth level is an important reference point that provides a theoretical basis for the start of the reduction in risky asset allocations for individuals who value leisure time and wealth. <b>TOPICS:</b>Wealth management, portfolio theory
Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Effects of Acute Ghrelin Administration in Human Obesity (2003)

Ghrelin stimulates appetite and plays a role in the neuroendocrine response to energy balance variations. Ghrelin levels are inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), increased by fasting and decreased by food intake, glucose load, insulin, and somatostatin. Ghrelin levels are reduced in obesity, a condition of hyperinsulinism, reduced GH secretion, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity. We studied the endocrine and metabolic response to acute ghrelin administration (1.0 microg/kg i.v.) in nine obese women [OB; BMI (mean +/- SD) 36.3 +/- 2.3 kg/m(2)] and seven normal women (NW; BMI 20.3 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)). Basal ghrelin levels in NW were higher than in OB (P < 0.05). In NW, ghrelin increased (P < 0.05) GH, prolactin (PRL), ACTH, cortisol, and glucose levels but did not modify insulin. In OB, ghrelin increased (P < 0.01) GH, PRL, ACTH, and cortisol levels. The GH response to ghrelin in OB was 55% lower (P < 0.02) than in NW, whereas the PRL, ACTH, and cortisol responses were similar. In OB, ghrelin increased glucose and reduced insulin (P < 0.05). Thus, obesity shows remarkable reduction of the somatotroph responsiveness to ghrelin, suggesting that ghrelin hyposecretion unlikely explains the impairment of somatotroph function in obesity. On the other hand, in obesity ghrelin shows preserved influence on PRL, ACTH, and insulin secretion as well as in glucose levels.
Plasmofluidic Microlenses for Label-Free Optical Sorting of Exosomes (2019)

Optical chromatography is a powerful optofluidic technique enabling label-free fractionation of microscopic bioparticles from heterogenous mixtures. However, sophisticated instrumentation requirements for precise alignment of optical scattering and fluidic drag forces is a fundamental shortcoming of this technique. Here, we introduce a subwavelength thick (<200 nm) Optofluidic PlasmonIC (OPtIC) microlens that effortlessly achieves objective-free focusing and self-alignment of opposing optical scattering and fluidic drag forces for selective separation of exosome size bioparticles. Our optofluidic microlens provides a self-collimating mechanism for particle trajectories with a spatial dispersion that is inherently minimized by the optical gradient and radial fluidic drag forces working together to align the particles along the optical axis. We demonstrate that this facile platform facilitates complete separation of small size bioparticles (i.e., exosomes) from a heterogenous mixture through negative depletion and provides a robust selective separation capability for same size nanoparticles based on their differences in chemical composition. Unlike existing optical chromatography techniques that require complicated instrumentation (lasers, objectives and precise alignment stages), our OPtIC microlenses with a foot-print of 4 μm × 4 μm open up the possibility of multiplexed and high-throughput sorting of nanoparticles on a chip using low-cost broadband light sources.
Fast algorithms for antenna selection in MIMO systems (2003)

We consider the capacity of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems with reduced complexity. One link end uses all available antennas, while the other chooses the "best" L out of N antennas. The selection of the optimum antenna subset requires an exhaustive search of all possible combinations, involving (/sub L//sup N/) computations of determinants of size L /spl times/ L, which can become prohibitively complex. In this paper, we suggest a class of fast antenna selection algorithm that are based on the correlation or mutual information between the signals at the different antenna elements. It requires less than N/sup 2/ vector multiplications and thus leads to dramatic savings on the computation time. Its performance is very close to the optimum selection procedure: the capacity penalty is less than l bit/s/Hz for the analyzed examples. The algorithm thus offers the possibility of almost-optimum selection even in fast-changing environments.
A novel wide-band MIMO antenna system for smart phones (2017)

In this work, a novel wide-band, planar, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed. The MIMO antenna system consists of 4 monopole antenna elements. It is covering different 4G wireless standard bands between 1900-3300 MHz and 3559-3822 MHz in addition to the WLAN 2450 MHz with a single continuous wide band of 1.4 GHz. The MIMO antenna system is fabricated on a commercially available RO4350 substrate with ϵ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> equal to 3.5. The dimensions of the board are equal to 115 × 65 × 0.76 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> which is a typical back plane size of a smart phone. The proposed design is efficient, compact and low profile. MIMO performance metrics such as envelope correlation coefficient and isolation are calculated and good agreement is observed between simulated and measured values.
Modulation of MHC-E transport by viral decoy ligands is required for RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy (2020)

Abstract Strain 68-1 rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens elicit CD8 + T cells that recognize peptide epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II and MHC-E molecules, instead of MHC-Ia, and are uniquely able to mediate stringent control and subsequent clearance of highly pathogenic SIV in ∼50% of vaccinated rhesus macaques (RMs). We show that the MHC-E ligand VMAPRTLLL (VL9), encoded by the Rh67 gene (or its HCMV UL40 counterpart) is required for recognition of RhCMV-infected fibroblasts by MHC-E-restricted CD8 + T cells via its ability to promote intracellular MHC-E transport. Moreover, deletion of Rh67 from 68-1 RhCMV/SIV vectors, or mutation of its embedded VL9 ligand, abrogated induction of MHC-E-restricted CD8 + T cell responses, leaving responses that exclusively target MHC-II-restricted epitopes. These MHC-II-presented CD8 + T cell responses, though comparable in response magnitude and functional differentiation to responses arising from the efficacious 68-1 vector, did not protect RMs against SIV challenge, indicating that Rh67/UL40-enabled direct priming of MHC-E-targeted CD8 + T cells is a crucial element of RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy. One Sentence Summary A cytomegalovirus protein (Rh67/UL40) that upregulates MHC-E expression on RhCMV/SIV-vector infected cells is required for induction of MHC-E-restricted CD8 + T cells and for protection against SIV.
<title>Adaptive MAC-layer protocol for multiservice digital access via tree and branch communication networks</title> (1995)

Described here is an adaptive MAC-layer protocol that supports multiservice (STM and ATM) applications in the context of subscriber access to tree and branch (e.g., fiber-coaxial cable) networks. The protocol adapts to changing demands for a mix of circuit and cell mode applications, and efficiently allocates upstream and downstream bandwidth to a variety of bursty and isochronous traffic sources. In the case of a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network the protocol resides in customer premises equipment and a common head-end controller. A medium-access control (MAC) processor provides for dividing the time domain for a given digital bitstream into successive frames, each with multiple STM and ATM time slots. Within the STM region of a frame, variable length time slots are allocated to calls (e.g., telephony, video telephony) requiring different amounts of bandwidth. A contention access signaling channel is also provided in this region for call control and set-up requests. Within the ATM region fixed-length time slots accommodate one individual ATM cell. These ATM time slots may be reserved for a user for the duration of a call or burst of successive ATM cells, or shared via a contention process. At least one contention time slot is available for signaling messages related to ATM call control and set-up requests. Further, the fixed-length ATM time slots may be reserved by a user for the duration of a call, or shared through a contention process. This paper describes the MAC-layer protocol, its relation to circuit- and ATM- amenable applications, and its performance with respect to signaling throughput and latency, and bandwidth efficiency for several service scenarios.
New intermediates for the selective synthesis of 1-methyl-3-phenylpiperazine and some phenylpiperazine derivatives (2006)

New intermediates, 4-protected-1-alkyl-2-oxo-3-phenylpiperazines (3a-e) and 1-alkyl-2-oxo-3phenylpiperazines (6a-d) for the selective synthesis of 1-alkyl-3-phenylpiperazines (5a-e) are described. First method involves the reduction of the 4-protected-1-alkyl-2-oxo-3phenylpiperazine (3a-e) followed by deprotection giving the 1-alkyl-3-phenylpiperazine (5a-e). Second method involves the deprotection of 4-protected-1-alkyl-2-oxo-3-phenylpiperazine (3ae) followed by reduction giving the 1-alkyl-3-phenylpiperazine (5a-e).
Practical and efficient three-dimensional structural restoration using an adaptation of the GeoChron model (2018)

We document a novel approach to balanced three-dimensional structural restoration based on an adaptation of the GeoChron model. Conventionally, the GeoChron model defines a transformation of a geological model to a flattened space (U-V-T), with paleogeographic coordinates defined by the horizontal axes (U-V) and geologic time on the vertical axis (T). In our new balanced structural restoration scheme, the complete stratigraphy is restored using a transformation constrained only by the datum horizon. Scaling the vertical “T” axis to depth in a manner that preserves volume or layer thickness results in a geometric restoration that approximately minimizes strain globally. This restoration provides a geometrically plausible representation of the geologic structure at the time when the datum horizon was deposited. Restoration is independent of mechanical rock properties and is thus most applicable to regions in which mechanical rock properties are approximately homogeneous. Restoration kinematics may be constrained by growth strata if present. We validate the method with kinematic forward models and a laboratory sandbox model and apply it to two natural examples to demonstrate its capabilities for model validation and palinspastic restoration. We identify four criteria for assessing the validity of a structural model using the results of restoration: (1) anomalous fault throw, (2) timing of fault activity, (3) fault compliance, and (4) restoration strain. Analysis of the sandbox results and limitations of volume conservation derived from uncertainties in compaction states suggest accuracy of the method to be in the 5%–20% range.
On the Hilbert-Huang Transform Theoretical Foundation (2004)

The Hilbert-Huang Transform [HHT] is a novel empirical method for spectrum analysis of non-linear and non-stationary signals. The HHT is a recent development and much remains to be done to establish the theoretical foundation of the HHT algorithms. This paper develops the theoretical foundation for the convergence of the HHT sifting algorithm and it proves that the finest spectrum scale will always be the first generated by the HHT Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm. The theoretical foundation for cutting an extrema data points set into two parts is also developed. This then allows parallel signal processing for the HHT computationally complex sifting algorithm and its optimization in hardware.
Phase-shift estimation in sinusoidally illuminated images for lateral superresolution (2009)

Sinusoidally patterned illumination has been used to obtain lateral superresolution and axial sectioning in images. In both of these techniques multiple images are taken with the object illuminated by a sinusoidal pattern, the phase of the sinusoidal illumination being shifted differently in each image. The knowledge of these phase shifts is critical for image reconstruction. We discuss a method to estimate this phase shift with no prior knowledge of the shifts. In postprocessing we estimate randomly introduced, unknown phase shifts and process the images to obtain a superresolved image. Results of computer simulations are shown.
Chromium doped zinc selenide optical fiber lasers (2020)

The optical fiber geometry is known for rugged, high power laser sources that are preferred for many applications, but is typically limited to the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum due to the transmission limits of silica (< 2 µm). This wavelength range could be extended into the mid-infrared using transition metal doped, crystalline II-VI optical gain media, but these materials cannot be fabricated into optical fibers using conventional glass drawing methods. An in-situ high pressure chemical vapor deposition method for the fabrication of silica-cladded <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mtext>ZnSe</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> fiber cores uniformly doped with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mtext>Cr</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> is reported. Optical pumping experiments reveal that these doped fibers exhibit threshold behavior and thus function as mid-infrared optical fiber lasers. Finite element calculations show that undesirable thermal effects common in bulk II-VI crystals are mitigated in the fiber geometry.
Frontier of organic light emitting devices (2007)

We report recent progresses on organic light emitting devices such as organic light emitting diode (OLED), light-emitting organic field effect transistor (LE-OFET) and organic laser diode (OLD). We demonstrate very low driving voltage of OLEDs using a p-i-n structure which also provides high current carrier injection over kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Further we demonstrate novel organic devices such as light emitting FET. We also discuss future prospect of OLD based on our recent materials' development and analysis of operation mechanism.
<title>Technique for evaluation of semiautomatic segmentation methods</title> (1999)

In this paper we describe an evaluation technique that quantifies both the accuracy and variability in semiautomatic segmentation algorithms. The particular interest of the study is the evaluation of an active contour method for 2-D carotid artery lumen segmentation in ultrasound images. The active contour method used is known as the Geometrically Deformed Model (GDM). This segmentation method to be evaluated requires a single seed to be placed in the target region by the operator. The evaluation approach is based on the contour probability distribution (CPD), which is obtained by generating contours of the object using a set of possible seed locations. A contour matching procedure provides local displacement measures between any two contours, which in turn allow the calculation of the local CPD of a group of contours. The mean contour can be compared to an operator defined contour to provide accuracy measurements, and the variance can provide measures of local and global variability. The evaluation results from multiple images can be pooled to generate statistics for a more complete evaluation of a semi- automatic segmentation method.
In situ vitrification: a potential remedial action technique for hazardous waste (1984)

The following conclusions may be drawn from the evaluation of in situ vitrification (ISV) technology: In situ vitrification is a developing technology that may have significant potential for selected hazardous waste disposal. Organic compounds are pyrolyzed during ISV. Subsequent combustion and off-gas treatment hold potential for permanent disposal of selected toxic organic wastes. Process economics for contaminated soil sites at Hanford are in the range of $4 to $6.50/ft/sup 3/ of soil vitrified. Differences in site geometry, electrical power costs, soil moisture and other factors can influence these costs. For a soil moisture 25%, and using a portable power supply, costs would be about $9/ft/sup 3/ of soil vitrified. Far term (10,000 yr) performance analysis for TRU contaminants leads to the belief that ISV may minimize the effects of persistent toxic and/or heavy metal wastes. When viewing the potential for ISV technology transfer from the nuclear to the hazardous waste arena, it is prudent to remember that ISV appears to be an excellent specific remedial action technique - it is not a panacea, but judiciously applied the process holds promise to mitigate the effects of unprocessed buried chemically hazardous wastes.
Model Adaptation for Prognostics in a Particle Filtering Framework (2011)

One of the key motivating factors for using particle filters for prognostics is the ability to include model parameters as part of the state vector to be estimated. This performs model adaptation in conjunction with state tracking, and thus, produces a tuned model that can used for long term predictions. This feature of particle filters works in most part due to the fact that they are not subject to the “curse of dimensionality”, i.e. the exponential growth of computational complexity with state dimension. However, in practice, this property holds for “well-designed” particle filters only as dimensionality increases. This paper explores the notion of wellness of design in the context of predicting remaining useful life for individual discharge cycles of Li-ion batteries. Prognostic metrics are used to analyze the tradeoff between different model designs and prediction performance. Results demonstrate how sensitivity analysis may be used to arrive at a well-designed prognostic model that can take advantage of the model adaptation properties of a particle filter.*
Dynamic image reconstruction: MR movies from motion ghosts (1992)

It has been previously shown that an image with motion ghost artifacts can be decomposed into a ghost mask superimposed over a ghost-free image. The present study demonstrates that the ghost components carry useful dynamic information and should not be discarded. Specifically, ghosts of different orders indicate the intensity and phase of the corresponding harmonics contained in the quasi-periodically varying spin-density distribution. A summation of the ghosts weighted by appropriate temporal phase factors can give a time-dependent dynamic image that is a movie of the object motion. This dynamic image reconstruction technique does not necessarily require monitoring of the motion and thus is easy to implement and operate. It also has a shorter imaging time than point-by-point imaging of temporal variation, because the periodic motion is more efficiently sampled with a limited number of harmonics recorded in the motion ghosts. This technique was tested in both moving phantoms and volunteers. It is believed to be useful for dynamic imaging of time-varying anatomic structures, such as in the cardiovascular system.
A framework for implementing hypothetical queries (1997)

Previous approaches to supporting hypothetical queries have been “eager”: some representation of the hypothetical state (or the corresponding delta) is materialized, and query evaluation is filtered through that representation. This paper develops a framework for evaluating hypothetical queries using a “lazy” approach, or using a hybrid of eager and lazy approaches.
A Remarkable Stabilization of Complexes Formed by 2,6-Diaminopurine Oligonucleotide N3′→P5′ Phosphoramidates (2000)

2'-Deoxyribo- and ribo-oligonucleotide N3'-->P5'phosphoramidates containing 2,6-diaminopurine nucleosides were synthesized. Thermal denaturation experiments demonstrated a significant stabilization of the complexes formed by these compounds with DNA and RNA complementary strands, relative to adenosine-containing phosphoramidate counterparts. The increase in melting temperature of the complexes reached up to 6.9 degrees C per substitution. The observed stabilization was attributed to the apparent synergistic effects of N-type sugar puckering of the oligonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate backbone, and the ability of 2,6-diaminopurine bases to form three hydrogen bonds.
A deep-submicrometer analog-to-digital converter using focused-ion-beam implants (1990)

The use of focused-ion-beam (FIB) technology to realize multiple MOSFET threshold voltages in the comparators of an experimental 4-b flash analog-digital converter (ADC) is discussed. The result is a simpler design in that each comparator is a CMOS inverter and the resistor ladder is eliminated. The ADC was fabricated in CMOS/SOS with comparator channel lengths of 0.5 mu m and digital device channel lengths of 0.25 mu m. Measurements of signal-to-noise ratio and analog bandwidth indicate that the ADC can function as a Nyquist converter at sampling frequencies up to 400 MHz. Better than 3-b resolution was observed for a wide range of conditions, including sampling rates above 1 GHz. The power dissipation apart from the output buffers (driving 50- Omega loads) was less than 100 mW, even at sampling rates >or=1 GHz. This 370 MOSFET circuit is one of the most complex ICs yet built with 0.25- mu m CMOS. A promising application is in oversampled ADC architectures, where this circuit would function effectively as an internal high-speed quantizer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Process and apparatus for investigating the activity of a cathodic protection unit (1979)

First Page
Two duoplasmatrons used for D-T fusion neutron source (1974)

Two duoplasmatron ion sources are employed in a single stage accelerator to produce D-T mixed beams. Mixed D-T ions are accelerated into both sides of a water-cooled chromium-plated copper-tube target, whereby T(d,n)$sup 4$ reactions occur yielding 14 MeV neutrons. Each source is capable of producing a steady D-T mixed beam of 190 mA at 200 keV. The effective beam spot is approximately 5.5 cm dia. At the typical operating condition of 170 kV and 300 mA total beam current, the neutron yields are, respectively, approximately 5 x 10$sup 10$ n/sec when pure deuterium gas is used and approximately 6 x 10$sup 12$ n/sec when D-T equally mixed gas is used. (auth)