gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Graph-Partitioning Framework for Aligning Hierarchical Topic Structures to Presentations (2013)

This paper studies the problem of imposing an existing hierarchical semantic structure onto a corresponding spoken document in which the structures are embedded, with the goal of indexing such documents for easier access. We propose a graph-partitioning framework to solve a semantic tree-to-string alignment problem through optimizing a normalized-cut criterion. We present models with different modeling capabilities and time complexities in this framework and provide experimental evidence of their performance. We relate graph partitioning to conventional dynamic time warping (DTW) as it applies to this problem, and show that the proposed framework can naturally include topic segmentation to accommodate cohesion constraints.
Biodiversity and species identity shape the antifungal activity of bacterial communities (2013)

Soils host diverse communities of interacting microbes and the nature of interspecific interactions is increasingly recognized to affect ecosystem-level processes. Antagonistic interactions between bacteria and fungi are of particular relevance for soil functioning. A number of soil bacteria produce secondary metabolites that inhibit eukaryotic growth. Antibiosis may be stimulated in the presence of competing bacteria, and we tested if biodiversity within bacterial communities affects their antagonistic activity against fungi and fungal-like species. We set up Pseudomonas communities of increasing diversity and measured the production of the broad spectrum antifungal compound 2,4-DAPG and their antagonistic activity against different eukaryotes. Diversity increased DAPG concentration and antifungal activity, an effect due to a combination of identity and interactions between species. Our results indicate that investment of pseudomonads into broad spectrum anti-eukaryotic traits is determined by both community composition and diversity and this provides new avenues to understand interactions between bacterial and fungal communities.
Tree-Structured User Scheduling Algorithm and Its Implementation in Multi-User MIMO Systems (2008)

The paper describes a low complexity tree-structure based user scheduling algorithm in a MLD-based multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. An M-branch selection algorithm, which selects M most-possible best branches at each step, is proposed to maximize the whole system sum-rate capacity. To make this work more feasible, some implementation problems such as complexity reduction, power control and performance distortion of channel estimation are also discussed in this paper. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the complexity of proposed scheme, linearly increases with the number of user candidates and the number of antennas to be selected and is much lower than full research algorithm. Furthermore the algorithm can also be performed independently with power control and is robust to the channel estimation error.
Subcarrier based threshold performance enhancement in Constant Envelope OFDM (2012)

Constant Envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) addresses the major issue of a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in OFDM. However, since CE-OFDM is based on angle modulation, it suffers from the well known threshold effect which results in a large performance degradation at low carrier-to-noise ratios (CNRs). In this paper, we study the impact of the threshold effect induced phase cycle slips on the underlying phase modulated OFDM subcarriers in CE-OFDM. We study both the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as the bit error rate (BER) performance on a subcarrier basis and show that the performance degradation due to the threshold effect is much more significant at lower frequency subcarriers. Finally we develop a low complexity subcarrier based technique to mitigate the effect of the phase cycle slips for significant performance improvement.
STUDY OF VARIATION OF THE DIAMETER OF THE SPINAL CANAL AND THE FORAMINA IN SPONDYLOLISTHESIS (2016)

ABSTRACT Objective: To define and quantify the degree of change of the spinal canal diameter in patients with degenerative and spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. Methods: We studied CT scans of 54 patients. Of this total, 37 (29 women and 8 men) had degenerative type and 17 (7 women and 10 men) had spondylolytic type. Results: In the degenerative spondylolisthesis group, the average diameter of the spinal canal at the injured vertebra level was 17.35 mm and 17.64 mm for the upper vertebra level. The average diameter of the foramen at the level of the affected vertebra was 14.61 mm to left side and 15.00 mm to the right side. The average diameter of the foramen at the upper vertebra level was 16.82 mm to the left side and 16.51 mm to the right side. In the spondylolytic group, the average diameter of the spinal canal at the level of the affected vertebra was 23.25 mm and at the upper vertebra level was 18.66 mm. The average diameter of the foramen at the level of the affected vertebra was 11.98 mm to the left side and 12.34 mm to the right side. The average diameter of the foramen at the level of the upper vertebra was 16.97 mm to the left side and 15.58 mm to the right side. Conclusion: The diameter of the spinal canal in the sagittal plane showed no statistically significant increase in the spondylolytic spondylolisthesis group, in contrast to what is found in the degenerative spondylolisthesis group. It was also observed a reduction in vertebral foramina of the injured level in both groups.
Unidirectional error control codes and related combinatorial problems (2002)

q–ary codes capable of correcting all unidirectional errors of certain level 1 ≤ ℓ ≤ q − 2 are considered. We also discuss some related extremal combinatorial problems. 1
Speed Reading: Learning to Read ForBackward via Shuttle (2018)

We present LSTM-Shuttle, which applies human speed reading techniques to natural language processing tasks for accurate and efficient comprehension. In contrast to previous work, LSTM-Shuttle not only reads shuttling forward but also goes back. Shuttling forward enables high efficiency, and going backward gives the model a chance to recover lost information, ensuring better prediction. We evaluate LSTM-Shuttle on sentiment analysis, news classification, and cloze on IMDB, Rotten Tomatoes, AG, and Children's Book Test datasets. We show that LSTM-Shuttle predicts both better and more quickly. To demonstrate how LSTM-Shuttle actually behaves, we also analyze the shuttling operation and present a case study.
Pancreatic Islets Engineered with SA-FasL Protein Establish Robust Localized Tolerance by Inducing Regulatory T Cells in Mice (2011)

Allogeneic islet transplantation is an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Clinical application of this approach, however, is severely curtailed by allograft rejection primarily initiated by pathogenic effector T cells regardless of chronic use of immunosuppression. Given the role of Fas-mediated signaling in regulating effector T cell responses, we tested if pancreatic islets can be engineered ex vivo to display on their surface an apoptotic form of Fas ligand protein chimeric with streptavidin (SA-FasL) and whether such engineered islets induce tolerance in allogeneic hosts. Islets were modified with biotin following efficient engineering with SA-FasL protein that persisted on the surface of islets for >1 wk in vitro. SA-FasL-engineered islet grafts established euglycemia in chemically diabetic syngeneic mice indefinitely, demonstrating functionality and lack of acute toxicity. Most importantly, the transplantation of SA-FasL-engineered BALB/c islet grafts in conjunction with a short course of rapamycin treatment resulted in robust localized tolerance in 100% of C57BL/6 recipients. Tolerance was initiated and maintained by CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, as their depletion early during tolerance induction or late after established tolerance resulted in prompt graft rejection. Furthermore, Treg cells sorted from graft-draining lymph nodes, but not spleen, of long-term graft recipients prevented the rejection of unmodified allogeneic islets in an adoptive transfer model, further confirming the Treg role in established tolerance. Engineering islets ex vivo in a rapid and efficient manner to display on their surface immunomodulatory proteins represents a novel, safe, and clinically applicable approach with important implications for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
The Art of Debugging with GDB, DDD, and Eclipse (2008)

Debugging is crucial to successful software development, but even many experienced programmers find it challenging. Sophisticated debugging tools are available, yet it may be difficult to determine which features are useful in which situations. The Art of Debugging is your guide to making the debugging process more efficient and effective. The Art of Debugging illustrates the use three of the most popular debugging tools on Linux/Unix platforms: GDB, DDD, and Eclipse. The text-command based GDB (the GNU Project Debugger) is included with most distributions. DDD is a popular GUI front end for GDB, while Eclipse provides a complete integrated development environment. In addition to offering specific advice for debugging with each tool, authors Norm Matloff and Pete Salzman cover general strategies for improving the process of finding and fixing coding errors, including how to: Inspect variables and data structures Understand segmentation faults and core dumps Know why your program crashes or throws exceptions Use features like catchpoints, convenience variables, and artificial arrays Avoid common debugging pitfalls Real world examples of coding errors help to clarify the authors' guiding principles, and coverage of complex topics like thread, client-server, GUI, and parallel programming debugging will make you even more proficient. You'll also learn how to prevent errors in the first place with text editors, compilers, error reporting, and static code checkers. Whether you dread the thought of debugging your programs or simply want to improve your current debugging efforts, you'll find a valuable ally in The Art of Debugging.
Evolution of object behavior using context relations (1998)

A collection of design patterns was described by E. Gamma et al. (1994). Each pattern ensures that a certain system aspect can vary over time, for example the operations that can be applied to an object or the algorithm of a method. The patterns are described by constructs such as the inheritance and reference relations, attempting to emulate more dynamic relationships. As a result, the design patterns demonstrate how awkward it is to program natural concepts of evolution when using a traditional object oriented language. We present a new relation between classes: the context relation. It directly models dynamic evolution, and it is meaningful at both the design and implementation level. At the design level we extend the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to include the context relation as a new form of arrow between classes. At the implementation level we present a small extension of Java. The context relation introduces a new form of dynamic binding that serves as a replacement to delegation. We demonstrate how the context relation can be used to easily model and program numerous design patterns.
Development of the Calibration Algorithm of 3 Axis Vector Sensor Using Ellipsoid (2015)

Multi-axis magnetic and accelerometer sensor are widely used in consumer product such as smart phones. The vector output of multi-axis sensors have errors on each axis such as offset error, scale error, non-orthogonality. These errors cause many problems on the performance of the applications. In this paper, we designed the effective inline compensation algorithm for calibrating of 3 axis sensors using ellipsoid for mass production of multi-axis sensors. The outputs with those kinds of errors can be modeled by ellipsoid, and the proposed algorithm makes sequential mappings of the virtual ellipsoid to perfect sphere which is calibrated function of the sensor on three-dimensional space. The proposed calibrating process composed of four main stages and is very straightforward and effective. In addition, another imperfection of the sensor such as the drift from temperature can be easily inserted in each mapping stage. Numerical simulation and experimental results shows great performance of the proposed compensation algorithm.
PREPARATION OF MINIEMULSION (2003)

Preparation of miniemulsion by spontaneous emulsification and the result were induced.The Influence of emulsifier dosage on the drop size of emulsion and its stability were discussed.
Thickness measurement of titanium and titanium silicide films by infrared transmission (1988)

A nondestructive, noncontact, optical method was successfully developed to measure thicknesses of titanium and titanium silicide thin films by observing infrared transmissions. These transmissions can be substantial for film thicknesses of up to 850 Å in titanium and 1000 Å in titanium silicide. The technique provides a convenient and reliable means for in-line process monitoring of a Ti-salicide (titanium self-aligned silicide) process module for gate, source, and drain formation in integrated circuits. A linear relationship between absorbance and film thickness was obtained for titanium and titanium silicide films. This behavior can be explained very well by the classical wave propagation theory of metallic films.
Solvent-dependent conformation and hydrogen-bonding capacity of cyclosporin A: evidence from partition coefficients and molecular dynamics simulations (1993)

The partition coefficient of cyclosporin A (CsA) was measured in octanol/water and heptane/water by centrifugal partition chromatography. By comparison with results from model compounds, it was deduced that the hydrogen-bonding capacity of CsA changed dramatically from an apolar solvent (where it is internally H-bonded) to polar solvents (where it exposes its H-bonding groups to the solvent). Molecular dynamics simulations in water and CCl4 support the suggestion that CsA undergoes a solvent-dependent conformational changes and that the interconversion process is slow on the molecular dynamics time scale.
Optimization of Polymer-bound PAG (PBP) for 20nm EUV Lithography (2011)

This paper discusses the continued evolution of Polymer-bound PAG [PBP] resists for sub-20nm lithography. Utilizing EUV wavelength, there has been enough progress in resolution and sensitivity to justify the use of these materials. PBP resists have shown that the principal demerit of acid diffusion can be overcome through attachment of the PAG anion to the lithographic polymer. Since the introduction of this chemically amplified resist approach, we have seen steady improvement in resolution, sensitivity, and LWR. Using a 0.30NA EUV tool with dipole, we can achieve 22nm hp resolution, with 12mJ dose, and 4.2nm LWR. Through rational PAG cation design, we have substantially reduced to a factor of 1/10th the PBP resist response to Out-of- Band Radiation compared to a TPS-based PBP. In this way, the resist can act as in situ spectral filter for unwanted longer wavelength exposure.
Recent Developments in Polyurethane Catalysis: Catalytic Mechanisms Review (2004)

Abstract In recent years polyurethanes have been confronted with several challenges. Some of these challenges have been overcome with the development of new catalysts. This review article covers recent developments in the field of polyurethane catalysis. An overview of the different types of catalysts, their applications, and their actuation mechanisms, followed by a general survey of the stability of one‐component polyurethane systems in which the latent catalyst is already incorporated is presented.
Imaging Biological Cells Using Liquid Crystals (2003)

Biological cells have been imaged using liquid crystals as an optical amplification medium. Preferential orientation of the liquid-crystal molecules at the surfaces of cells immobilized on substrates leads to well-resolved images, with very sharp contrast compared to images observed by standard phase-contrast microscopy. The feasibility of this technique has been demonstrated for muscle cells, fat cells, and neurons. Calculations based on a continuum elastic theory reproduce the observed features of the images of muscle and fat cells and allow us to estimate the optimum resolution that can be achieved by this technique.
Deepfake Detection in Media Files - Audios, Images and Videos (2020)

Recent advancement in deep learning has applied to solve various complex problems ranging from big data analytic to computer vision and human-level control. One among them is the deepfake technology which becomes a real threat to privacy, democracy, and national security. Deepfake is hyper-realistic digitally manipulated videos to depict people saying and doing things that never actually happened. This technology has been used in many fields in film industries for recreating videos without re-shooting, awareness video generation such as creating voices of those who have lost theirs or updating episodes of movies without re-shooting them at very low cost. This technology has many harmful usages in social media, pornographic sites, etc. to deface peoples which largely dominate the positive side of this application of deep learning. Also, the creation and spreading of these videos are increasing rapidly along all fields of media files. Therefore, it is very much important to develop efficient tools that can automatically detect the deepfake in these videos and thus reduce the public harm caused by such videos. In the early stages of deepfake detection, traditional technologies like signal processing, image processing, lip-syncing, etc were used but this provides very little accuracy when combined with the recent technologies of deep learning. So, here a system is proposed that can automatically detect the deepfake in media files such as images, videos, and audios. This uses an image processing approaches combined with deep learning which detects the inconsistency that exists in fake media.
Electrical and optical properties of zinc oxide for scintillator applications (2008)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide-band-gap semiconductor suitable for many optical and optoelectronic applications. Among these is to use single crystal, powder, or ceramic forms of ZnO as a fast UV scintillator. In this work, the electrical and optical properties of ZnO were studied using photoluminescence, X-ray-induced luminescence, optical absorption, and Hall Effect techniques. This study included single crystal ZnO and ZnO:Ga samples grown from high-pressure-melt (HPM), seeded chemical-vapor-transport (SCVT), and hydrothermal (HYD) techniques; powder samples synthesized using both solution and solid-state processes, and purchased from different commercial sources; and ceramic samples prepared by hot-uni-axial-pressing and spark-plasma-sintering methods. Temperature-dependent PL and Hall measurements were combined to establish the luminescence origins in the n-type ZnO and ZnO:Ga single crystals. Based on a PL line-shape analysis, including band-gap renormalization, the direct (e,h) transition is the main luminescent channel in highly n-type ZnO:Ga, while FX and FX-LO recombinations are responsible for the UV PL from as-grown ZnO. An intrinsic mobility limit for n-type ZnO was established by including three major phonon-scattering mechanisms. Analysis of Hall data from single-crystal samples including both neutral- and ionized-impurity scatterings provided donor and acceptor concentrations and energy levels. High n-type single-crystal ZnO samples prepared either by Ga doping and co-doping, or by after-growth treatments, were also studied. Absorption and reflectance data were used to obtain free carrier concentrations from the Ga-doped and co-doped crystals, and it was found that several samples with n ∼ high-1018 to low-1019 cm -3 had optimum UV luminescence. Anneal treatments in reducing atmospheres increased free carrier concentrations in HPM and HYD samples, but an induced absorption band due to oxygen vacancies limited the UV emission from these samples. PL and X-ray-induced luminescence studies on powder ZnO:Ga samples demonstrated that high Ga-doping levels and H-anneal treatments can improve UV emission, while impurities such as Cu and Li enhance the lower energy visible emissions and affect the UV output. For ceramic forms of ZnO, reduction of scattering losses remains as the main challenge for improved scintillation.
Friction Welding of Aluminum Alloy And Steel (1998)

Friction welding of 6061 aluminum alloy and steel was conducted. Sound welds were produced in all A6061/steel combinations, and tensile fracture occurred in the thermal-softened A6061 area. Joint strength depends on the width of this softened A6061 area. Tensile strength of the T62 heat-treated joint was high compared with that of the weld joint. *ISOPE Member. Received March 3, 1997: revised manuscript received by the editors January 27, 1998. The original version (prior to the final revised manuscript) was presented at the Seventh International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-97), Honolulu, USA, May 2530, 1997.
Messenger RNA-based therapeutics for the treatment of apoptosis-associated diseases (2015)

Gene therapy is a promising approach for treating diseases that are closely associated with excessive apoptosis, because the gene can effectively and sustainably introduce anti-apoptotic factors into cells. However, DNA delivery poses the risk of random genomic integration, leading to overexpression of the delivered gene and cancer development. Messenger RNA (mRNA) can evade integration events in target cells. We examined the use of mRNA-based therapeutics for introducing anti-apoptotic factors by using a mouse model of fulminant hepatitis. For introducing mRNA into the liver, a synthesised polymer-based carrier of polyplex nanomicelles was used for hydrodynamic intravenous injection. Using GFP as a reporter, we demonstrate that mRNA delivery induced efficient protein expression in almost 100% of liver cells, while plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery provided a smaller percentage of GFP-positive cells. Analyses using Cy5-labelled mRNA and pDNA revealed that efficient expression by mRNA was attributed to a simple intracellular mechanism, without the need for nuclear entry. Consistent with this observation, Bcl-2 mRNA was more effective on reducing apoptosis in the liver of mice with fulminant hepatitis than Bcl-2 pDNA. Therefore, mRNA-based therapeutics combined with an effective delivery system such as polyplex nanomicelles is a promising treatment for intractable diseases associated with excessive apoptosis.