gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An iterative glycosyltransferase EntS catalyzes transfer and extension of O- and S-linked monosaccharide in enterocin 96 (2017)

Glycosyltransferases are essential tools for in vitro glycoengineering. Bacteria harbor an unexplored variety of protein glycosyltransferases. Here, we describe a peptide glycosyltransferase (EntS) encoded by ORF0417 of Enterococcus faecalis TX0104. EntS di-glycosylates linear peptide of enterocin 96 - a known antibacterial, in vitro. It is capable of transferring as well as extending the glycan onto the peptide in an iterative sequential dissociative manner. It can catalyze multiple linkages: Glc/Gal(-O)Ser/Thr, Glc/Gal(-S)Cys and Glc/Gal(β)Glc/Gal(-O/S)Ser/Thr/Cys, in one pot. Using EntS generated glycovariants of enterocin 96 peptide, size and identity of the glycan are found to influence bioactivity of the peptide. The study identifies EntS as an enzyme worth pursuing, for in vitro peptide glycoengineering.
Glove: A Distributed Environment for Scalable Video-on-Demand Systems (2003)

In this paper, we introduce a scalable Video-on-Demand (VoD) system called GloVE (Global Video Environment) in which active clients cooperate to create a shareable video cache that is used as the primary source of video content for subsequent client requests. In this way, GloVE server's bandwidth does not limit the number of simultaneous clients that can playback a certain video since that as long as its content is stored in the cooperative video cache (CVC), new requests for the video can be serviced from CVC thus alleviating the demand on the VoD server. In addition, the GloVE's peer-to-peer model allows the use of low-cost PCs as video servers besides requiring no multicast capability and transmitting videos stored in any well-defined format. Our experimental results show that GloVE-based servers are capable of delivering popular videos at prime time in a scalable way to large audiences.
Interaction of one-dimensional bright solitary waves in quadratic media (1995)

The interaction of spatial solitary waves with one transverse dimension in materials with a χ(2):χ(2) nonlinearity is investigated. The relation between the phases of the two interacting solitary waves strongly influences this interaction and generates threshold phenomena.
Coplanar-grid CdZnTe detector with three-dimensional position sensitivity (1998)

A 3-dimensional position-sensitive coplanar-grid detector design for use with compound semiconductors is described. This detector design maintains the advantage of a coplanar-grid detector in which good energy resolution can be obtained from materials with poor charge transport. Position readout in two dimensions is accomplished using proximity-sensing electrodes adjacent to the electron-collecting grid electrode of the detector. Additionally, depth information is obtained by taking the ratio of the amplitudes of the collecting grid signal and the cathode signal. Experimental results from a prototype CdZnTe detector are presented.
Mechanical and physical properties of polymer‐based nanocomposites containing different types of clay (2014)

Epoxy‐clay nanocomposites based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy reinforced with 2 wt% of four different types of clay were prepared by high shear mixing (HSM) technique. The resultant nanocomposites were investigated to determine the effects of clay addition and clay types on their mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. The XRD and TEM analyses revealed that good dispersions of nanoclay within the epoxy matrix have been achieved especially for the samples prepared with I.30E clay where a combination of disordered intercalated and exfoliated morphology was observed. The structure of samples synthesized with other types of clay was dominated by intercalated morphologies. The tensile results illustrated that the nanocomposite containing I.30E clay has the best mechanical properties as compared to other nanocomposites. This is mainly due to better dispersion of I.30E nanoclay in the epoxy matrix for this nanocomposite. The increase or decrease in the glass transition temperatures of nanocomposites were found to be dependent on the type of clay used. The effect of clay addition on the barrier properties was examined using water exposure test which demonstrated that the addition of 2% of I.30E and C10A clays resulted in 60% reduction in diffusivity. Noticeable reduction in maximum water uptake was also observed for all nanocomposites. The improvement in these physical properties was attributed to the tortuosity effect, where water molecules have to move around clay layers during diffusion in nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1998–2007, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineer
Enhanced WCDMA Fingerprinting Localization Using OTDOA Positioning Measurements from LTE (2012)

The focus of this paper is on the convergence of positioning technology between the WCDMA and the LTE cellular systems. The emerging possibility to use multi-RAT positioning nodes can be exploited to mitigate the lack of a high-precision indoor OTDOA positioning method in WCDMA, which today limits the coverage of self-learning databases for fingerprinting positioning in this cellular system. The problem at hand is solved by use of measured high precision OTDOA positions of opportunity from LTE.
Quantification of balance in single limb stance using kinect (2016)

This paper presents a novel single limb body balance analysis system which will aid medical practitioners to analyze crucial factor for fall risk minimization, injury prevention, fitness and rehabilitation programs. We use skeleton data obtained from Microsoft Kinect which captures full human body as well as ensures user's privacy. A new eigen vector based curvature analysis algorithm is developed to compute single limb stance (SLS) duration on the skeleton data. Two parameters vibration-jitter and force per unit mass (FPUM) are derived for each body part to assess postural stability during SLS. Experimental results show the efficacy of our system to apply it in medical domain.
Brightness as a Function of Current Amplitude in Human Retinal Electrical Stimulation (2009)

These results suggest that a relatively simple model for scaling current across electrodes may be capable of producing equivalently bright phosphenes across an entire array. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00279500.).
An improved YEF-DCT based compression algorithm for video capsule endoscopy (2014)

Video capsule endoscopy is a non-invasive technique to receive images of intestine for medical diagnostics. The main design challenges of endoscopy capsule are accruing and transmitting acceptable quality images by utilizing as less hardware and battery power as possible. In order to save wireless transmission power and bandwidth, an efficient image compression algorithm needs to be implemented inside the endoscopy electronic capsule. In this paper, an integer discrete-cosine-transform (DCT) based algorithm is presented that works on a low-complexity color-space specially designed for wireless capsule endoscopy application. First of all, thousands of human endoscopic images and video frames have been analyzed to identify special intestinal features present in those frames. Then a color space, referred as YEF, is used. The YEF converter is lossless and takes only a few adders and shift operation to implement. A low-cost quantization scheme with variable chroma sub-sampling options is also implemented to achieve higher compression. Comparing with the existing works, the proposed transform coding based compressor performs strongly with an average compression ratio of 85% and a high image quality index, peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 52 dB.
A single-beam photothermal interferometer for in situ measurements of aerosol light absorption (2020)

Abstract. We have developed a novel single-beam photothermal interferometer and present here its application for the measurement of aerosol light absorption. The use of only a single laser beam allows for a compact optical set-up and significantly easier alignment compared to standard dual-beam photothermal interferometers, making it ideal for field measurements. Due to a unique configuration of the reference interferometer arm, light absorption by aerosols can be determined directly – even in the presence of light-absorbing gases. The instrument can be calibrated directly with light-absorbing gases, such as NO2, and can be used to calibrate other light absorption instruments. The detection limits (1σ) for absorption for 10 and 60 s averaging times were determined to be 14.6 and 7.4 Mm−1, respectively, which for a mass absorption cross section of 10 m2 g−1 leads to equivalent black carbon concentration detection limits of 1460 and 740 ng m−3, respectively. The detection limit could be reduced further by improvements to the isolation of the instrument and the signal detection and processing schemes employed.
Mechanism of Action of 1-β- <scp>d</scp> -2,6-Diaminopurine Dioxolane, a Prodrug of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Inhibitor 1-β- <scp>d</scp> -Dioxolane Guanosine (2001)

(-)-beta-D-2,6-Diaminopurine dioxolane (DAPD), is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor with activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). DAPD, which was designed as a water-soluble prodrug, is deaminated by adenosine deaminase to give (-)-beta-D-dioxolane guanine (DXG). By using calf adenosine deaminase a K(m) value of 15 +/- 0.7 microM was determined for DAPD, which was similar to the K(m) value for adenosine. However, the k(cat) for DAPD was 540-fold slower than the k(cat) for adenosine. In CEM cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to DAPD or DXG, only the 5'-triphosphate of DXG (DXG-TP) was detected. DXG-TP is a potent alternative substrate inhibitor of HIV-1 RT. Rapid transient kinetic studies show the efficiency of incorporation for DXG-TP to be lower than that measured for the natural substrate, 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate. DXG-TP is a weak inhibitor of human DNA polymerases alpha and beta. Against the large subunit of human DNA polymerase gamma a K(i) value of 4.3 +/- 0.4 microM was determined for DXG-TP. DXG showed little or no cytotoxicity and no mitochondrial toxicity at the concentrations tested.
A family of perfect aspherical geodesic lenses for integrated optical circuits (1979)

An aspherical geodesic lens having <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f = 4.5</tex> mm and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</tex> /number = 0.64 has been built and tested for use in integrated optics. Its capability to carry out the spectral analysis of a signal is discussed. This lens is a member of a family of theoretically perfect geodesic lenses, characterized by an arbitrary choice of two parameters. This allows one to match the properties of a lens to the particular application one has in mind.
A novel β1,3‐<i>N</i>‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (β3Gn‐T8), which synthesizes poly‐<i>N</i>‐acetyllactosamine, is dramatically upregulated in colon cancer (2004)

A new member of the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine: beta-galactose beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta3Gn-T) family having the beta3-glycosyltransferase motifs was identified using an in silico method. This novel beta3Gn-T was cloned from a human colon cancer cell line and named beta3Gn-T8 based on its position in a phylogenetic tree and enzymatic activity. Beta3Gn-T8 transfers GlcNAc to the non-reducing terminus of the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc of tetraantennary N-glycan in vitro. HCT15 cells transfected with beta3Gn-T8 cDNA showed an increase in reactivity to both LEA and PHA-L4 in a flow cytometric analysis. These results indicated that beta3Gn-T8 is involved in the biosynthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine chains on tetraantennary (beta1,6-branched) N-glycan. In most of the colorectal cancer tissues examined, the level of beta3Gn-T8 transcript was significantly higher than in normal tissue. Beta3Gn-T8 could be an enzyme involved in the synthesis of poly-N-acetyllactosamine on beta1-6 branched N-glycans in colon cancer.
Isolation and light chain shuffling of a Plasmodium falciparum AMA1-specific human monoclonal antibody with growth inhibitory activity (2021)

We have thus shown that a compact immune human phage display library is sufficient for the isolation of potent inhibitory monoclonal antibodies and that minor sequence mutations dramatically increase expression levels in Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, the antibody blocks parasite inhibition independently of binding to RON2, thus having a yet undescribed mode of action.
Spiral Toolpaths for High-Speed Machining of 2D Pockets with or without\n Islands (2014)

We describe new methods for the construction of spiral toolpaths for\nhigh-speed machining. In the simplest case, our method takes a polygon as input\nand a number $\\delta>0$ and returns a spiral starting at a central point in the\npolygon, going around towards the boundary while morphing to the shape of the\npolygon. The spiral consists of linear segments and circular arcs, it is $G^1$\ncontinuous, it has no self-intersections, and the distance from each point on\nthe spiral to each of the neighboring revolutions is at most $\\delta$. Our\nmethod has the advantage over previously described methods that it is easily\nadjustable to the case where there is an island in the polygon to be avoided by\nthe spiral. In that case, the spiral starts at the island and morphs the island\nto the outer boundary of the polygon. It is shown how to apply that method to\nmake significantly shorter spirals in polygons with no islands. Finally, we\nshow how to make a spiral in a polygon with multiple islands by connecting the\nislands into one island.\n
Sensing of Damage Mechanisms in Fiber‐Reinforced Composites under Cyclic Loading using Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

Abstract The expanded use of advanced fiber‐reinforced composites in structural applications has brought attention to the need to monitor the health of these structures. It has been established that adding carbon nanotubes to fiber‐reinforced composites is a promising way to detect the formation of microscale damage. Because carbon nanotubes are three orders of magnitude smaller than traditional advanced fibers, it is possible for nanotubes to form an electrically conductive network in the polymer matrix surrounding the fibers. In this work, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes are dispersed into epoxy and infused into a glass‐fiber preform to form a network of in situ sensors. The resistance of the cross‐ply composite is measured in real‐time during incremental cyclic tensile loading tests to evaluate the damage evolution and failure mechanisms in the composite. Edge replication is conducted to evaluate the crack density after each cycle, and optical microscopy is utilized to study the crack mode and growth. The evolution of damage can be clearly identified through the damaged resistance parameter. Through analyzing the damaged resistance response curves with measurements of transverse crack density and strain, the transition between different failure modes can be identified. It is demonstrated that the integration of an electrically conducting network of carbon nanotubes in a glass fiber composite adds unique damage‐sensing functionality that can be utilized to track the nature and extent of microstructural damage in fiber composites.
A set of NF-κB–regulated microRNAs induces acquired TRAIL resistance in Lung cancer (2015)

TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a promising anticancer agent that can be potentially used as an alternative or complementary therapy because of its specific antitumor activity. However, TRAIL can also stimulate the proliferation of cancer cells through the activation of NF-κB, but the exact mechanism is still poorly understood. In this study, we show that chronic exposure to subtoxic concentrations of TRAIL results in acquired resistance. This resistance is associated with the increase in miR-21, miR-30c, and miR-100 expression, which target tumor-suppressor genes fundamental in the response to TRAIL. Importantly, down-regulation of caspase-8 by miR-21 blocks receptor interacting protein-1 cleavage and induces the activation of NF-κB, which regulates these miRNAs. Thus, TRAIL activates a positive feedback loop that sustains the acquired resistance and causes an aggressive phenotype. Finally, we prove that combinatory treatment of NF-κB inhibitors and TRAIL is able to revert resistance and reduce tumor growth, with important consequences for the clinical practice.
Synthesis and Applications of Perfunctionalized Boron Clusters (2018)

This Viewpoint describes major advances pertaining to perfunctionalized boron clusters in synthesis and their respective applications. The first portion of this work highlights key synthetic methods, allowing one to access a wide range of polyhedral boranes (B<sub>4</sub> and B<sub>6</sub>-B<sub>12</sub> cluster cores) that contain exhaustively functionalized vertices. The second portion of this Viewpoint showcases the historical developments in using these molecules for applications ranging from materials science to medicine. Last, we suggest potential new directions for these clusters as they apply to both synthetic methods and applications.
High temperature solid state rechargeable lithium cells employing the solid solution Li{sub 3.6}Ge{sub 0.6}V{sub 0.4}O{sub 4} as the electrolyte (1994)

Results are presented on high temperature solid state cells employing 50:50 wt. % Li{sub 3.6}Ge{sub 0.6}V{sub 0.4}O{sub 4}-LiI pellets as the lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte. The incorporation of LiI in Li{sub 3.6}Ge{sub 0.6}V{sub 0.4}O{sub 4} resulted in higher pellet conductivities and improved the high rate performance of the solid state cells. The cells were comprised of a lithium-aluminum or lithium-silicon alloy as the anode and a CVD thin film of titanium disulfide as the cathode. The cells exhibited an open circuit potential of about 2.1 V at 300 C and could be discharged at current densities up to 0.5 A/cm{sup 2}.
Development of a variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine (2020)

A new variable mode valve actuation system for a heavy-duty engine was proposed and designed in this paper. The variable mode valve actuation system can significantly enhance braking safety and improve fuel economy and emission of heavy-duty engines through flexible switching among four-stroke driving mode, two-stroke compression-release braking mode, and cylinder deactivation mode on a conventional four-stroke engine. The switching was controlled by four-stroke driving modules and two-stroke braking modules, both of which have two operation states: effective state and failure state. For the control of the multi-cylinder engine, all cylinders can be divided into several groups, and all the four-stroke driving modules in the same group were controlled by one solenoid valve, as well as all the two-stroke braking modules were controlled by another solenoid valve. A hydraulic-mechanical multi-body dynamics model was established to investigate the switching response of the variable mode valve actuation system. The results indicated that when the engine operated at 2000 r/min, the switching of the four-stroke driving module and the two-stroke braking module required 30 °CA and 101 °CA at most, respectively. In addition, to avoid the conflict between the four-stroke driving valve lift and the two-stroke braking valve lift, the switching between the four-stroke driving mode and the two-stroke compression-release braking mode must have a reasonable sequence. The variable mode valve actuation system has an excellent switching response and it is convenient for the control of the multi-cylinder engine. Therefore, the variable mode valve actuation system has a good application prospect for heavy-duty engines.
Micromanaging Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (2013)

The contribution of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease to human morbidity and mortality has increased in the aging, industrialized world. In response, extraordinary efforts have been launched to determine the molecular and pathophysiological characteristics of the diseased aorta. This work aims to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to limit AAA expansion and, ultimately, rupture. Contributions from multiple research groups have uncovered a complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory milieu, which is believed to be essential for maintaining aortic vascular homeostasis. Recently, novel small noncoding RNAs, called microRNAs, have been identified as important transcriptional and post-transcriptional inhibitors of gene expression. MicroRNAs are thought to "fine tune" the translational output of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by promoting mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. With the discovery that microRNAs act as powerful regulators in the context of a wide variety of diseases, it is only logical that microRNAs be thoroughly explored as potential therapeutic entities. This current review summarizes interesting findings regarding the intriguing roles and benefits of microRNA expression modulation during AAA initiation and propagation. These studies utilize disease-relevant murine models, as well as human tissue from patients undergoing surgical aortic aneurysm repair. Furthermore, we critically examine future therapeutic strategies with regard to their clinical and translational feasibility.
Production of Synthetic Seeds by Encapsulating Asexual Embryos of Carrot (1985)

Abstract Synthetic seed coats were applied to asexual embryos of carrot ( Daucus carota L.) by mixing equal volumes of embryo suspension and a 5% (w/v) solution of polyethylene oxide (Polyox WSR-N 750) and dispensing 0.2 ml drops of this mixture onto teflon sheets. Drops dried to form detachable wafers consisting of embryo suspension embedded in Polyox. Embryo survival after drying was determined by redissolving wafers in embryogenic medium and culturing the rehydrated embryo suspension on filter paper supports in petri dishes for 2-3 weeks. When dried to constant weight (6.5 hr) 3% of asexual embryos coated with 2.5% Polyox survived encapsulation, whereas survival of uncoated embryos was nil. Pretreating the embryogenic suspension with 10 −6 m abscisic acid (ABA) during the 14 day embryo induction phase increased coated embryo survival to 40% of the initial number of embryos.