gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient memoryless protocol for tag identification (extended abstract) (2000)

This paper presents an efficient collision resolution protocol and its variations for the tag identification problem, where an electromagnetic reader attempts to obtain within is read range the unique ID number of each tag. The novelty of our main protocol is that each tag is memoryless, i.e., the current response of each tag only depends on the current query of the reader but not on the past history of the reader's queries. Moreover, the only computation required for each tag is to match its ID against the binary string in the query. Theoretical resulst in both time and communication complexities are derived to demonstrate the efficiency of our protocols.
Method for recognizing alphanumeric strings spoken over a telephone network (1993)

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Annealed Perfluorinated Cation Exchange Polymers for Corrosion Resistant Coatings (1993)

Casting and annealing a perfluorinated cation exchange (Nafion) polymer onto aluminum or 316SS results in a system which inhibits pitting and crevice corrosion that normally occurs in the presence of chloride ions and dissolved oxygen. This inhibition is believed to result from the unique chloride ion rejection properties of the annealed Nafion coating. Under neutral and basic conditions , localized corrosion is suppressed. Potentiodynamic polarization scans of the annealed Nafion coated aluminum and 316SS positive to the pitting potential of the bare electrode does not produce pits. Electrochemical impedance results show that corrosion is unchanged after the coated alloy has been polarized above the pitting potential. In addition, the electrochemical impedance results indicate that the electrical resistance of the coating is low, hardly increasing the uncompensated resistance above that found for the bare metal. Hence, the movement of water and positive ions through the coating is unhindered. Long‐term stability and long‐term corrosion inhibition afforded by the polymer must still be assessed to determine the practical limits of applicability of this coating system.
Is laser removal of graffiti practical? (1993)

We have studied laser stripping paint off concrete, bricks, and other materials for the application of graffiti removal. A universal graph representing the characteristic of the graffiti removal rate as a function of the laser beam intensity, will be presented, based on our experimental measurements over an intensity range of 7 orders of magnitude. We will also present our study of the paint removal rate at different pulse widths. A characteristic pulse width corresponding to the material response time of the paint and substrate has been defined. We have experimentally observed differences in graffiti removal rate at a pulse width longer than and shorter than the characteristic pulse width. The graffiti removal rate has also been studied in terms of the thermal conductivity and surface reflectivity of the substrates. In addition, we will show our results of graffiti removal from freeway signs using lasers with different wavelengths and pulse widths. Finally, we will discuss the surface quality of laser stripping compared to that of the conventional methods, and an analysis of costs and benefits using lasers to remove graffiti.
On-line recognition of handwritten symbols (1996)

An online system for recognizing handwritten symbols from a user specified alphabet is described. The symbols are written on a digitising tablet. When a symbol is subsequently written the system is required to recognize the symbol irrespective of the scale, orientation and position of the written symbol.
InGaAs/AlGaAs strained single quantum well diode lasers with extremely low threshold current density and high efficiency (1990)

Graded-index separate-confinement heterostructure InGaAs/AlGaAs single quantum well diode lasers emitting at 1.02 μm have been fabricated from structures grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Under pulsed operation, threshold current densities as low as 65 A/cm2, the lowest reported for InGaAs/AsGaAs lasers, have been obtained for a cavity length L of 1500 μm. Differential quantum efficiencies as high as 90% have been obtained for L=300 μm. Output powers as high as 1.6 W per facet and power conversion efficiencies as high as 47% have been obtained for continuous operation of uncoated lasers with L=1000 μm.
Drugging the Undruggable: Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (2016)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are essential signaling enzymes that, together with protein tyrosine kinases, regulate tyrosine phosphorylation inside the cell. Proper level of tyrosine phosphorylation is important for a diverse array of cellular processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, motility, and survival. Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting from alteration of PTP expression, misregulation, and mutation, has been linked to the etiology of many human ailments including cancer, diabetes/obesity, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. However, despite the fact that PTPs have been garnering attention as compelling drug targets, they remain a largely underexploited resource for therapeutic intervention. Indeed, PTPs have been widely dismissed as "undruggable", due to concerns that (1) the highly conserved active site (i.e., pTyr-binding pocket) makes it difficult to achieve inhibitor selectivity among closely related family members, and (2) the positive-charged active site prefers negatively charged molecules, which usually lack cell permeability. To address the issue of selectivity, we advanced a novel paradigm for the acquisition of highly potent and selective PTP inhibitors through generation of bivalent ligands that interact with both PTP active site and adjacent unique peripheral pockets. To overcome the bioavailability issue, we have identified nonhydrolyzable pTyr mimetics that are sufficiently polar to bind the PTP active site, yet still capable of efficiently penetrating cell membranes. We show that these pTyr mimetics interact in the desired inhibitory fashion with the PTP active site and tethering them to appropriate molecular fragments to engage less conserved interactions outside of PTP active site can increase PTP inhibitor potency and selectivity. We demonstrate through three pTyr mimetics fragment-based approaches that it is completely feasible to obtain highly potent and selective PTP inhibitors with robust in vivo efficacy in animal models of oncology, diabetes/obesity, autoimmune disorders, and tuberculosis. We hope that these results will help dispel concerns about the druggability of PTPs and entice further effort in fostering a PTP-based drug discovery enterprise. Well-characterized, potent, selective and bioactive inhibitors are essential tools for functional interrogation of PTPs in disease biology and target validation. They will also play a critical role in illuminating the druggability of PTPs and provide the groundwork for new therapies for the treatment of human diseases.
Extensive CRISPR RNA modification reveals chemical compatibility and structure-activity relationships for Cas9 biochemical activity (2018)

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) endonucleases are at the forefront of biotechnology, synthetic biology and gene editing. Methods for controlling enzyme properties promise to improve existing applications and enable new technologies. CRISPR enzymes rely on RNA cofactors to guide catalysis. Therefore, chemical modification of the guide RNA can be used to characterize structure-activity relationships within CRISPR ribonucleoprotein (RNP) enzymes and identify compatible chemistries for controlling activity. Here, we introduce chemical modifications to the sugar-phosphate backbone of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 CRISPR RNA (crRNA) to probe chemical and structural requirements. Ribose sugars that promoted or accommodated A-form helical architecture in and around the crRNA 'seed' region were tolerated best. A wider range of modifications were acceptable outside of the seed, especially D-2'-deoxyribose, and we exploited this property to facilitate exploration of greater chemical diversity within the seed. 2'-fluoro was the most compatible modification whereas bulkier O-methyl sugar modifications were less tolerated. Activity trends could be rationalized for selected crRNAs using RNP stability and DNA target binding experiments. Cas9 activity in vitro tolerated most chemical modifications at predicted 2'-hydroxyl contact positions, whereas editing activity in cells was much less tolerant. The biochemical principles of chemical modification identified here will guide CRISPR-Cas9 engineering and enable new or improved applications.
A Micromachined Geometric Moiré Interferometric Floating-Element Shear Stress Sensor (2004)

This paper presents the development of a floating-element shear stress sensor that permits the direct measurement of skin friction based on geometric Moir interferometry. The sensor was fabricated using an aligned wafer-bond/thin-back process producing optical gratings on the backside of a floating element and on the top surface of the support wafer. Experimental characterization indicates a static sensitivity of 0.26 microns/Pa, a resonant frequency of 1.7 kHz, and a noise floor of 6.2 mPa/(square root)Hz.
Adaptive Rule Loading and Session Control for Securing Web-Delivered Services (2009)

In this paper, we present Arctic, an adaptive reinforcement learning control technique for Web intrusion check. A rule-based model is designed to describe the requirement of vulnerability detection. The whole validation rule set is divided into multiple sections, and each can be enabled in either in-line control mode or off-line monitoring mode based on the observation and analysis of user behaviors, balancing security and system cost. For the different sizes of in-line validation rules, we use the reinforcement learning technique to adjust the session admission control, maintaining the response time in an acceptable level as well as maximizing the utilization of system resources. We design a runtime protection mechanism using a HTTP session listener and servlet filters in the J2EE container to intercept HTTP requests and responses. Preliminary results of our implementation are presented in this paper.
Enhanced coercivities in die-upset Nd-Fe-B magnets with diffusion-alloyed additives (Zn, Cu, and Ni) (1990)

Rapidly solidified Nd-Fe-B ribbons were crushed and mixed with a fine powder (10–100μm) of a pure element before hot working into fully dense anisotropic magnets. At the high temperatures and pressures required for densification some additives diffused throughout the ribbon matrix and presumably into the neodymium-rich phase surrounding the Nd2Fe14B grains. In small concentrations (0.5–0.8 wt%), zinc, copper, and nickel additions enhanced the coercivities of die-upset magnets by 100%, 77%, and 53%, respectively. Additives which did not diffuse thoroughly, such as manganese, had no measurable effect on the coercivities.
Efficient, precise-restartable program execution on future multicores (2012)

Parallel programming for multicore-based systems and their dynamically changing operating environments pose significant challenges to everyday programmers in the effort to improve productivity and to achieve error-free, efficient execution of their programs. We presented a model that meets these challenges better than other approaches by using statically-sequential programs and performing their dynamically controlled dataflow execution.
Highly selective inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase by a novel melatonin–tacrine heterodimers (2012)

Novel inhibitors of cholinesterases, especially butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), were obtained by coupling melatonin-tacrine heterodimers via the carbamate bond. Compounds 14a-i possessed potent cholinesterase inhibitory activity (with IC50 values as low as 1.18 nM for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 0.24 nM for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)). These heterodimers exhibit selectivity toward BuChE, being from 4- to 256-fold more active toward BuChE than AChE, but still acting as better AChE inhibitors than tacrine 4.
Three-dimensional tomographic microscopy technique with multi-frequency combination with partially coherent illuminations (2018)

We demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) optical diffraction tomographic technique with multi-frequency combination (MFC-ODT) for the 3D quantitative phase imaging of unlabeled specimens. Three sets of through-focus intensity images are captured under an annular aperture and two circular apertures with different coherence parameters. The 3D phase optical transfer functions (POTF) corresponding to different illumination apertures are combined to obtain a synthesized frequency response, achieving high-quality, low-noise 3D reconstructions with imaging resolution up to the incoherent diffraction limit. Besides, the expression of 3D POTF for arbitrary illumination pupils is derived and analyzed, and the 3D imaging performance of annular illumination is explored. It is shown that the phase-contrast washout effect in high-NA circular apertures can be effectively addressed by introducing a complementary annular aperture, which strongly boosts the phase contrast and improves the imaging resolution. By incorporating high-NA illumination as well as high-NA detection, MFC-ODT can achieve a theoretical transverse resolution up to 200 nm and an axial resolution of 645 nm. To test the feasibility of the proposed MFC-ODT technique, the 3D refractive index reconstruction results are based on a simulated 3D resolution target and experimental investigations of micro polystyrene bead and unstained biological samples are presented. Due to its capability for high-resolution 3D phase imaging as well as the compatibility with a widely available commercial microscope, the MFC-ODT is expected to find versatile applications in biological and biomedical research.
Rapid cytotoxicity of human B lymphocytes induced by VH4-34 (VH4.21) gene-encoded monoclonal antibodies, II (1997)

SUMMARY We have previously described complement-independent killing of human B lymphocytes by two IgM MoAbs derived from the VH4-34 (VH4.21) gene. Analysis of 17 independently derived VH4-34-encoded MoAbs shows that B cell toxicity is not limited to the two described MoAbs, but is a general property shared by a subset of MoAbs derived from the VH4-34 gene. As observed by two independent microscopy techniques, giant membrane pores were formed on target B cells within 10–15 min of exposure to cytotoxic VH4-34-derived MoAbs. Toxicity by individual MoAb correlated directly to its B cell binding intensity measured by FACS, i.e. stronger the binding greater the killing. Sequence analysis showed that VH region in germ-line or in near germ-line configuration was necessary but not sufficient for B cell binding. In addition, a particular sequence motif enriched in basic amino acids in the CDR3 may be required to supplement the reactivity mediated by the VH region of the MoAb molecule. VH4-34-encoded antibodies that fulfil the above sequence requirements have cold agglutinin activity towards the i antigen of cord erythrocytes. In vivo, such anti-i/anti-B cell antibodies are rarely detected in healthy adults, but serum levels are dramatically elevated in selective pathological conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and infectious mononucleosis. This strict regulation may be related to the novel and rapid mechanism of human B cell toxicity demonstrated by antibodies encoded by a single human VH gene.
A concept of exchange-coupled recording medium for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2005)

A concept of exchange-coupled magnetic layer is presented for the heat-assisted magnetic recording medium. Magnetic layers with different Curie point (TC) and similar coercivity (Hc) are stacked via exchange coupling. Hc of the double layer changes abruptly at near TC of one of the layers. This means that the recording temperature can be reduced with little reduction in the thermal stability. A medium consisting of two Co∕Pd multilayers was fabricated as this medium. The temperature dependence of Hc of the double layer was similar to that of the expected one by a numerical calculation.
Fabrication of thin film transistors by chemical mechanical polished polycrystalline silicon films (1996)

A top-gate p-channel polycrystalline thin film transistor (TFT) has been fabricated using the polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) film as-deposited by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) and polished by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this process, long-term recrystallization in channel films is not needed. A maximum field effect mobility of 58 cm/sup 2//V-s, ON/OFF current ratio of 1.1 10/sup 7/, and threshold voltage of -0.54 V were obtained. The characteristics are not poor. In this work, therefore, we have demonstrated a new method to fabricate poly-Si TFT's.
Carbon dot based nanopowders and their application for fingerprint recovery (2015)

The incorporation of a minor amount of carbogenic nanoparticles into powder compositions imparts remarkable colour-tuneability, without compromising the flowability. In a proof-of-concept demonstration we report the use of these hybrid nanopowders for the visual enhancement of latent fingerprints where they effectively resolve issues arising from poor contrast against multi-coloured or patterned backgrounds.
A convenient approach to the synthesis of medium size oligodeoxyribonucleotides by improved new phosphite method (1991)

Improvement of the new phosphite method for the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides using the deoxyribonucleoside 3'-bis(1,1,1,3,3,3- hexafluoro-2-propyl) phosphite unit has been carried out via the hydrolysis and capping steps, without any side reaction products. The new phosphite unit and capping agent, bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl)-2-propyl phosphite, is readily activated by N-methylimdazole under very mild condition on a solid support. This operation involves a one pot reaction, which is an advantage over both the phosphite and H- phosphonate approaches. The mechanism of internucleotidic bond formation of the new phosphite method is also discussed.
Induction of multiple cycles of pancreatic β-cell replacement (2013)

International audience
Learning three-dimensional flow for interactive aerodynamic design (2018)

We present a data-driven technique to instantly predict how fluid flows around various three-dimensional objects. Such simulation is useful for computational fabrication and engineering, but is usually computationally expensive since it requires solving the Navier-Stokes equation for many time steps. To accelerate the process, we propose a machine learning framework which predicts aerodynamic forces and velocity and pressure fields given a three-dimensional shape input. Handling detailed free-form three-dimensional shapes in a data-driven framework is challenging because machine learning approaches usually require a consistent parametrization of input and output. We present a novel PolyCube maps-based parametrization that can be computed for three-dimensional shapes at interactive rates. This allows us to efficiently learn the nonlinear response of the flow using a Gaussian process regression. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for the interactive design and optimization of a car body.
Cofactor-Independent Pinacolase Directs Non-Diels-Alderase Biogenesis of the Brevianamides (2019)

Fungal bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane indole alkaloids demonstrate intriguing structures and a wide spectrum of biological activities. Although biomimetic total syntheses have been completed for representative compounds of this structural family, the details of their biogenesis have remained largely uncharacterized. Among them, Brevianamide A represents the most basic form within this class bearing a dioxopiperazine core structure and a rare 3-spiro-psi-indoxyl skeleton. Here, we identified the Brevianamide A biosynthetic gene cluster from Penicillium brevicompacticum NRRL 864 and fully elucidated the metabolic pathway by targeted gene disruption, heterologous expression, precursor incorporation studies, and in vitro biochemical analysis. In particular, we determined that BvnE is a cofactor-independent isomerase that is essential for selective production of Brevianamide A. Based on a high resolution crystal structure of BvnE, molecular modeling, mutational analysis, and computational studies provided new mechanistic insights into the diastereoselective formation of the 3-spiro-psi-indoxyl moiety in Brevianamide A. This occurs through a biocatalyst controlled semi-Pinacol rearrangement and a subsequent spontaneous intramolecular [4+2] hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition.
Novel Human Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer’s Disease (2020)

Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) catalyzes the cleavage of sphingomyelin to phosphorylcholine and ceramide, an essential step in the formation and release of exosomes from cells that is critical for intracellular communication. Chronic increase of brain nSMase2 activity and related exosome release have been implicated in various pathological processes, including the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), making nSMase2 a viable therapeutic target. Recently, we identified phenyl (<i>R</i>)-(1-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyridazin-8-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate <b>1 (PDDC)</b>, the first nSMase2 inhibitor that possesses both favorable pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, including substantial oral bioavailability, brain penetration, and significant inhibition of exosome release from the brain in vivo. Herein we demonstrate the efficacy of <b>1 (PDDC)</b> in a mouse model of AD and detail extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies with 70 analogues, unveiling several that exert similar or higher activity against nSMase2 with favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
Potassium sodium niobate ( <scp>KNN</scp> )‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramic coatings on steel structure by thermal spray method (2018)

Abstract For the first time, potassium sodium niobate ( KNN )‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramic coating with strong piezoelectric response was fabricated on stainless steel substrates by thermal spray process, after introducing NiCrAlY and yttria‐stabilized zirconia ( YSZ ) intermediate layers. A large effective piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 ) of 125 pm/V was obtained with the thermal‐sprayed KNN ‐based ceramic coating on the steel substrates. The mechanisms of improving the structure and enhancing the properties of the KNN ‐based piezoelectric ceramic coatings by introducing the intermediate layers were analyzed. Ultrasonic transducers were designed and fabricated from the KNN ‐based coatings directly formed on a steel plate structure, and the feasibility for generation and detection of ultrasonic waves for structural health monitoring using the thermal‐sprayed lead‐free piezoelectric ceramic coating was demonstrated.
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Discovery of a Recombinant Swine Enteric Coronavirus, Italy (2015)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been detected sporadically in Italy since the 1990s. We report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in Italy during 2007-2014 and identify a drastic shift in PEDV strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombination of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and PEDV.