gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Plasma TP53 249Ser-Mutated DNA by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2005)

A mutation in codon 249 of the TP53 gene (249(Ser)), related to aflatoxin B(1) exposure, has previously been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Using a novel internal standard plasmid, plasma concentrations of 249(Ser)-mutated DNA were quantified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in 89 hepatocellular carcinoma cases, 42 cirrhotic patients, and 131 nonliver diseased control subjects, all from highly aflatoxin-exposed regions of The Gambia. The hepatocellular carcinoma cases had higher median plasma concentrations of 249(Ser) (2,800 copies/mL; interquartile range: 500-11,000) compared with either cirrhotic (500 copies/mL; interquartile range: 500-2,600) or control subjects (500 copies/mL; interquartile range: 500-2,000; P < 0.05). About half (52%) of the hepatocellular carcinoma cases had >2,500 copies of 249(Ser)/mL plasma, corresponding to the prevalence of this mutation in liver tumors in The Gambia. In comparison, only 15% of control group and 26% of cirrhotic participants exceeded this level (P < 0.05). Further subset analysis revealed a statistically significant, quantitative relation between diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and levels of 249(Ser) detected at 2,501 to 10,000 copies/mL plasma (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-10.9) and at >10,000 copies/mL plasma (odds ratio, 62; 95% confidence interval, 4.7-820) when compared with control subjects and after adjusting for age, gender, recruitment site, hepatitis B and C serologic status, and total DNA concentration. Levels of >10,000 copies of 249(Ser)/mL plasma were also significantly associated with the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (odds ratio, 15; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-140) when compared with cirrhotic patients. Potential applications for the quantification of 249(Ser) DNA in plasma include estimation of long-term, cumulative aflatoxin exposure and selection of appropriate high-risk individuals for targeted intervention.
Spectral CT: a technology primer for contrast agent development (2014)

Recent developments in spectral CT systems featuring binned photon-counting detector technology have enabled an imaging concept on a pre-clinical level that has been coined K-edge imaging. This exciting concept allows the selective and quantitative imaging of contrast media by exploiting the K-edge discontinuity in the photo-electric component of X-ray absorption. An ideal application for K-edge imaging is CT imaging of target-specific and conventional contrast agents that have been designed to be spectral-CT-visible. Current limitations in detector hardware, however, result in typically high noise levels that hamper the application of K-edge imaging. In order to battle noise and assure sufficient sensitivity, the development of dedicated K-edge contrast media in combination with advanced image processing techniques is imperative. This work attempts a comprehensive overview on how the concert of dedicated contrast media, optimized data acquisition and innovative data processing techniques improve sensitivity of K-edge imaging which will foster clinical translation of the technology.
Goal Selection in a Simulated Managerial Environment (1994)

This research examined the types of goals managers select and whether these goals vary as a function of the type and context of the task. A 2 x 2 factorial design was used with a complex/simple task as one independent variable and an independent/interdependent work context as the other independent variable. Results indicate that output and outcome goals were preferred over input and process goals. It was further demonstrated that individuals select more results-oriented (output and outcome) goals when dealing with complex tasks than with simple tasks, and when the work was interdependent than when it was independent. Implications are discussed with regard to expanding goal-setting research to managerial settings.
Reproductive behaviour and performance of gilts bred at the same age but at different post pubertal heat in a dynamic service system (2000)

The heat period at which gilts are bred affects first reproductive performance and overall sow productivity. However, most studies which have examined this subject have confounded chronological age (i.e. days) with physiological age (i.e. number of heat periods experienced) and the importance of each factor remains unclear. The Dynamic Service System (DSS) is a recently developed variant of group mating and the optimum heat period at which gilts should be bred has never been established. This study tested the hypothesis that the physiological age at which gilts are first mated in a DSS will affect their first reproductive behaviour (i.e. mating frequency and quality) and performance.
Intracellular calcium levels do not change during contact-mediated collapse of chick DRG growth cone structure (1991)

When the growth cone of a chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurite contacts the neurite of a chick retinal ganglion cell in vitro, the growth cone typically responds by withdrawing its lamellipodia and filopodia and collapsing. We have used the fluorescent calcium indicator dye fura-2 and digital imaging microscopy to measure calcium levels within DRG growth cones and to determine whether changes in calcium levels are responsible for the collapse of growth cone morphology when a DRG growth cone contacts a retinal ganglion cell neurite. Calcium levels within DRG growth cones were stable during neurite outgrowth. Calcium was typically distributed homogeneously throughout the growth cone, though occasionally gradients of free calcium were present. When calcium gradients were observed, calcium levels appeared higher in the active veil regions than in the central core region. Calcium levels in DRG growth cones appeared to remain stable during the period of contact-mediated growth cone collapse. Low concentrations of the calcium ionophore ionomycin increased calcium levels two- to threefold without having any observable morphological effects on DRG growth cones. Likewise, depolarization with 15 mM KCl caused a transient two- to threefold increase in calcium levels without having any observable morphological effect. These results suggest that changes in calcium levels are not responsible for contact-mediated collapse of growth cone structure. A growth cone collapsing activity has been solubilized from embryonic chick brain (Raper and Kapfhammer, 1990). Application of this material to cultures of DRG neurons caused growth cones to collapse but had no effect on calcium levels within the growth cones. The crude growth cone collapsing activity was not blocked by the presence of cobalt, nickel, lanthanum, nifedipine, or reduced-calcium medium, suggesting that transmembrane calcium fluxes were not required for growth cone collapse. These results suggest that the morphological changes associated with the collapse of growth cone structure can be independent of changes in growth cone calcium levels, and that second messengers other than calcium are likely to be involved in the regulation of many growth cone behaviors.
Context-Aware Adaptive Remote Access for IoT Applications (2019)

The rapid growth of communication networking, ubiquitous sensing, and signal processing has spurred the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) era. As a novel cutting-edge technology, the IoT enables a plethora of smart-devices equipped with diverse computing, sensing, and actuation capabilities to be connected to the Internet. Thus, it promises to provide a revolutionary and fully connected “smart” world while greatly developing economies and enhancing the quality of life. IoT is indeed an emergent global phenomenon, where real-time remote access to data and applications opens new unprecedented opportunities for ubiquitous monitoring and managing. In such dynamic, interconnected, and heterogeneous environment where the context conditions (location, time, situation sensitivity, etc.) are continuously and frequently changing, context-aware and adaptive solutions for data access are required to respond to the applications' needs. Nevertheless, until now, no schemes provide concrete context-aware access control mechanisms in IoT. In this article, we design a novel context-aware attribute-based access control (CAABAC) that considers the dynamic context changes. The proposed approach incorporates the contextual information with the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) to guarantee adaptive contextual access to data. The extensive analysis and simulations prove both the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed scheme. Specifically, context-aware and adaptive remote access is enabled while outperforming other benchmarked schemes in terms of storage, communication, and computational cost.
Role of Interferon- γ and Nitric Oxide in Pulmonary Edema and Death Induced by Lipopolysaccharide (2000)

Abstract Mice given lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenously developed lung edema, which was maximum after 6 h. Tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-6, and interferon- γ (IFN- γ ) appeared in the serum, and levels of nitrogen oxide (NO) derivatives were increased in serum and bronchoalveolar fluid. Mice pretreated with neutralizing anti-IFN- γ antibodies had lower serum levels of IFN- γ, and fewer died. However, levels of other cytokines and NO derivatives as well as lung edema were unchanged. If IFN- γ and LPS were given together, pulmonary edema was less, but levels of cytokines and NO derivatives in serum were raised, and the mortality was greater. IFN- γ receptor knockout mice had more edema after LPS, but were less sensitive to the lethal effects. Treatment with anti-IL-12 antibody inhibited IFN- γ induction and reduced mortality, but had no effect on the lung edema; exogenous IL-12 also failed to affect edema, but boosted serum cytokine levels and increased the mortality. Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of NO synthase, protected against pulmonary edema, but did not modify the lethal effects of LPS. Clearly, in this model, early pulmonary edema and lethality are not directly related, and induced IFN- γ has no role in causing early lung edema, but augments other events that result in death. Heremans H, Dillen C, Groenen M, Matthys P, Billiau A. Role of interferon- γ and nitric oxide in pulmonary edema and death induced by lipopolysaccharide.
Wideband Hybrid Envelope Tracking Modulator With Hysteretic-Controlled Three-Level Switching Converter and Slew-Rate Enhanced Linear Amplifier (2019)

A wideband hybrid Envelope tracking (ET) modulator utilizing a hysteretic-controlled three-level switching converter (3L-SWC) and a slew-rate enhanced linear amplifier (LA) are presented. In addition to smaller ripple and lower losses of 3L-SWCs, employing the proposed hysteresis control loop results in a higher speed loop and wider bandwidth converter, enabling over 80 MHz of switching frequency. A concurrent sensor circuit monitors and regulates the flying capacitor voltage VCF and eliminates the conventionally required calibration loop to control it. The hysteretic-controlled 3L-SWC provides a high percentage of power amplifier (PA) supply load current with lower ripple, reducing the LA high-frequency current and ripple cancellation current, improving the overall system efficiency. A slew-rate enhancement (SRE) circuit is employed in the LA, resulting in slew rate of over 307 V/μs and bandwidth of over 275 MHz for the LA. The SRE circuit provides a parallel auxiliary current path directly to the gate of the class-AB output stage transistors, speeding-up the charging or discharging of output without modifying the operating point of the remaining LA, while maintaining the quiescent current of the class-AB stage. The supply modulator is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process. The measurement results show the tracking of long-term evolution (LTE)-40-MHz envelope with 93% peak efficiency at 1-W output power, while the SRE is disabled. Enabling the SRE, it can track LTE-80-MHz envelope with peak efficiency of 91%.
Constructing storyboards based on hierarchical clustering analysis (2005)

There are growing needs for quick preview of video contents for the purpose of improving accessibility of video archives as well as reducing network traffics. In this paper, a storyboard that contains a user-specified number of keyframes is produced from a given video sequence. It is based on hierarchical cluster analysis of feature vectors that are derived from wavelet coefficients of video frames. Consistent use of extracted feature vectors is the key to avoid a repetition of computationally-intensive parsing of the same video sequence. Experimental results suggest that a significant reduction in computational time is gained by this strategy.
Cognitive Interoperability and Decision Making in Network-Centric Coalition Force Environments "Since Web-Based Collaboration Portal (WCP) Experimentation Results" (2006)

A key tenant for US transformation to a Network-Centric Future Force is the ability to conduct real-time, continuous, collaborative Command and Control (C2) mission planning and operations management activities during the execution of joint and coalition force operations. In a lower echelon coalition force environment conduct of collaborative operations presents many significant technical and multi-cultural problems and issues. The military units comprising a coalition force often have significantly differing technical C2 and information distribution support capabilities i.e. - from highly automated to unsophisticated man intensive systems. Additionally, these multi-cultural units are also trained to fight differently, and at lower echelons have limited multi-language communication skills. Even when a coalition partner has a rudimentary knowledge of another nation's language, understanding problems occur during C2 information exchanges. Usually C2 information exchanges are interpreted in terms of national operational doctrine, tactics and procedures not common to the entire coalition force. While US transformation to a Network-Centric Force will foster establishment of the communication networks needed to support collaborative C2 coordination activities between different echelons of a joint and coalition force, the cognitive interoperability and information/situation understanding issues occurring still needs resolution. In this paper we will discuss the results of experimentation activities between the US and Germany that focus directly on finding solutions for improving cognitive interoperability during the execution of real-time collaborative mission planning and management activities in the conduct of Brigade, Battalion and below coalition operations.
A Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (pMUT) Array, for Wide Bandwidth Underwater Communication Applications (2017)

This paper presents an array of five aluminum nitride (AlN) based piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (pMUTs) with different dimensions operating at 540-2360 kHz in air. Due to the damping effect of water or oil on the vibration of each individual pMUT, their frequency response tends to merge and significantly increases the bandwidth of the pMUTs array. The device is fabricated based on the deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process on the backside of an SOI wafer to realize the circular diaphragms. Theoretical calculations, measured frequency response, simulation results, and detail of the fabrication are explained in this paper.
High speed silicon electro-optical modulators enhanced via slow light propagation (2011)

While current optical communication networks efficiently carry and process huge amounts of digital information over large and medium distances, silicon photonics technology has the capacity to meet the ceaselessly increasing demand for bandwidth via energy efficient, inexpensive and mass producible short range optical interconnects. In this context, handling electrical-to-optical data conversion through compact and high speed electro-optical modulators is of paramount importance. To tackle these challenges, we combine the attractive properties of slow light propagation in a nanostructured periodic waveguide together with a high speed semiconductor pn diode, and demonstrate a highly efficient and mass manufacturable 500 µm-long silicon electro-optical device, exhibiting error free modulation up to 20 Gbit/s. These results, supported by modulation rate capabilities reaching 40 Gbit/s, pave a foreseeable way towards dense, low power and ultra fast integrated networks-on-chip for future chip-scale high performance computing systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Microporous Crystalline Mo‐V Mixed Oxides for Selective Oxidations (2016)

Abstract Review: 83 refs.
Effect of <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids on metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoprotein in type 2 diabetic subjects (2006)

The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA on the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoprotein in diabetic subjects is not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of a daily intake of 1080 mg EPA and 720 mg DHA for diabetic subjects on the kinetics of apoB100-containing lipoprotein in the fasting state. A kinetic study was undertaken to determine the mechanisms involved in the effects of n-3 fatty acids in terms of a decrease in triacylglycerol level in type 2 diabetic patients. We have studied the effect of fish oils on the metabolism of apoB100 endogenously labelled by [5,5,5-2H3]-leucine in type 2 diabetic patients in the fasting state. The kinetic parameters of apoB100 in VLDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein and LDL were determined by compartmental modelling in five diabetic subjects before and 8 weeks after n-3 fatty acid treatment. Treatment did not change the plasma cholesterol level (0.801 (sd 0.120) v. 0.793 (sd 0.163) mmol/l) but lowered the plasma triacylglycerol level (1.776 (sd 0.280) v.1.356 (sd 0.595) mmol/l; P < 0.05). Treated patients showed a decrease in VLDL apoB100 concentration (0.366 (sd 0.030) v.0.174 (sd 0.036) g/l; P < 0.05) related to a decrease in VLDL 1 production (1.49 (sd 0.23) v.0.44 (sd 0.19) mg/kg per h; P < 0.05) and an increase in the VLDL conversion rate (0.031 (sd 0.024) v.0.052 (sd 0.040) per h; P < 0.05), with no change in fractional catabolic rates. Treatment led to a higher direct production of intermediate-density lipoprotein (0.02 (sd 0.01) v.0.24 (sd 0.12) mg/kg per h; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study, conducted in the fasting state, showed that supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetic patients induced beneficial changes in the metabolism of apoB100-containing lipoprotein.
Expression of the muscle regulatory factor MRF4 during somite and skeletal myofiber development (1991)

The muscle regulatory factors MRF4, myogenin, myf-5, and MyoD constitute a family of proteins that can function as muscle-specific transcriptional activators. Although this gene family has been extensively studied, a specific role for each factor during myogenesis remains to be determined. Understanding how these factors function requires a detailed analysis of their expression patterns during development. Toward this goal, we examined the temporal pattern of expression of MRF4 and the other factors in the rat myogenic cell line L6J1-C, in newborn rat primary muscle cell cultures and in fetal and postnatal rat limb muscle. Our results demonstrate that MyoD, myogenin, and myf-5 transcripts accumulate maximally at various stages of myoblast differentiation and decline to low expression levels in adult muscle tissue. In contrast, MRF4 transcript accumulation is restricted to cell cultures containing multinucleate myofibers, and its expression in vivo increases sharply during late fetal muscle development. This level of MRF4 expression is maintained in the adult which, together with decreased expression of the other three muscle regulatory factors, makes MRF4 the predominant factor in adult muscle. In situ hybridization of mouse embryo tissue sections indicates that MRF4 transcripts accumulate in the limb beginning 13.5 days post coitum, which is 2 days later than the initial appearance of myogenin and MyoD transcripts. Hybridization to earlier stages of development reveals, however, that MRF4 mRNA initially is present in the myotomal compartment of the somites, just after myogenin but 2 days prior to MyoD expression. Unlike myogenin and MyoD, MRF4 expression declines in the myotomes at the time that multinucleate axial muscles begin to form in this region, although during later development MRF4 is expressed in the myofibers of axial muscles at levels comparable to those in the limb. Differences in the expression patterns for MRF4, myogenin, myf-5 and MyoD between myotomal and other skeletal muscle development suggest that the relative timing of expression for each muscle regulatory factor may control the distinct phenotypes associated with myotomal myocytes and multinucleate myofibers.
Dynamic loop gain increases upon adopting the supine body position during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (2017)

Dynamic loop gain increased by a small but statistically significant amount when moving from the lateral to supine position and this may, in part, contribute to the worsening of OSA in the supine sleeping position.
Wearable Vibration Based Computer Interaction and Communication System for Deaf (2017)

In individuals with impaired hearing, determining the direction of sound is a significant problem. The direction of sound was determined in this study, which allowed hearing impaired individuals to perceive where sounds originated. This study also determined whether something was being spoken loudly near the hearing impaired individual. In this manner, it was intended that they should be able to recognize panic conditions more quickly. The developed wearable system has four microphone inlets, two vibration motor outlets, and four Light Emitting Diode (LED) outlets. The vibration of motors placed on the right and left fingertips permits the indication of the direction of sound through specific vibration frequencies. This study applies the ReliefF feature selection method to evaluate every feature in comparison to other features and determine which features are more effective in the classification phase. This study primarily selects the best feature extraction and classification methods. Then, the prototype device has been tested using these selected methods on themselves. ReliefF feature selection methods are used in the studies; the success of K nearest neighborhood (Knn) classification had a 93% success rate and classification with Support Vector Machine (SVM) had a 94% success rate. At close range, SVM and two of the best feature methods were used and returned a 98% success rate. When testing our wearable devices on users in real time, we used a classification technique to detect the direction and our wearable devices responded in 0.68 s; this saves power in comparison to traditional direction detection methods. Meanwhile, if there was an echo in an indoor environment, the success rate increased; the echo canceller was disabled in environments without an echo to save power. We also compared our system with the localization algorithm based on the microphone array; the wearable device that we developed had a high success rate and it produced faster results at lower cost than other methods. This study provides a new idea for the benefit of deaf individuals that is preferable to a computer environment.