gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Model Design Space for Battery Health Management (2011)

Battery Health Management (BHM) is a core enabling technology for the success and widespread adoption of the emerging electric vehicles of today. Although battery chemistries have been studied in detail in literature, an accurate run-time battery life prediction algorithm has eluded us. Current reliability-based techniques are insufficient to manage the use of such batteries when they are an active power source with frequently varying loads in uncertain environments. The amount of usable charge of a battery for a given discharge profile is not only dependent on the starting state-of-charge (SOC), but also other factors like battery health and the discharge or load profile imposed. This paper presents a Particle Filter (PF) based BHM framework with plug-and-play modules for battery models and uncertainty management. The batteries are modeled at three different levels of granularity with associated uncertainty distributions, encoding the basic electrochemical processes of a Lithium-polymer battery. The effects of different choices in the model design space are explored in the context of prediction performance in an electric unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) application with emulated flight profiles.
Towards design of a bridge to enable high speed image sensors for random access (2010)

Most commercially available image sensors send image data at high speed and pixel values can only be accessed sequentially in a row-by-row fashion. On the other hand, commercial microcontrollers run at slower speed compared to the high data-rate of the image sensors and many embedded system applications need random access of the pixel values. Besides, commercial microcontrollers do not have sufficient internal memory to store a complete image. In this paper, the design of a novel bridge is proposed to interface high speed image sensors in low power and low speed embedded systems. By using the proposed bridge, the image processor or microcontroller can capture and store an image in the bridge's internal memory. The pixel values can then be accessed in a random fashion through a parallel memory access interface at the desired speed. The bridge can be used in different embedded system applications such as pattern recognition, robotic vision, bio-medical imaging etc.
<title>Reconstruction and enhancement of thermographic sequence data</title> (2002)

Conventional methods for analysis of pulsed thermographic NDE sequence data are highly susceptible to noise, nonlinearity of the IR camera response, and the presence of surface features on the sample. Furthermore, the ability of conventional methods to significantly improve the ability to retrieve deep or weak subsurface features beyond the original unmodified image is limited. We have developed a Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR) technique that enhances defect to background contrast, increases the depth range over which pulsed thermography can be applied, and reduces the amount of blurring due to lateral diffusion that is typical of thermographic imaging. The TSR approach also reduces the amount of data that must be stored by an order of magnitude. The reduction in size of the data structure allows simultaneous manipulation of data from numerous locations on a sample, so that fast parallel processing of large structure data is possible. The results of the parallel processed TSR data consistently offer higher spatial resolution, less blurring and more precise depth and size measurement than the original data. Examples on aircraft and power generation components will be presented.
Tyrosine administration reduces blood pressure and enhances brain norepinephrine release in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1979)

Administration of L-tyrosine to normotensive or spontaneously hypertensive rats reduces blood pressure. The effect is maximal within 2 hr of injection. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, a dose of 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, reduces blood pressure by about 12 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 1.33 x 10(2) pascals); a dose of 200 mg/kg produces the maximal effect, a reduction of about 40 mm Hg. Tryptophan injection (225 mg/kg) also lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, but only by about half as much as an equivalent dose of tyrosine. Other amino acids tested (leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, arginine, and aspartate) do not affect blood pressure. Tyrosine injection appears to reduce blood pressure via an action within the central nervous system, since the effect can be blocked by co-administering other large neutral amino acids that reduce tyrosine's uptake into the brain. That tyrosine's antihypertensive action is mediated by an acceleration in norepinephrine or epinephrine release within the central nervous system is suggested by the concurrent increase that its injection produces in brain levels of methoxyhydroxyphenylethylglycol sulfate.
Cooperativity Enables Non-neutralizing Antibodies to Neutralize Ebolavirus (2017)

Drug combinations are synergistic when their combined efficacy exceeds the sum of the individual actions, but they rarely include ineffective drugs that become effective only in combination. We identified several "enabling pairs" of neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-ebolavirus monoclonal antibodies, whose combination exhibited new functional profiles, including transforming a non-neutralizing antibody to a neutralizer. Sub-neutralizing concentrations of antibodies 2G4 or m8C4 enabled non-neutralizing antibody FVM09 (IC<sub>50</sub> >1 μM) to exhibit potent neutralization (IC<sub>50</sub> 1-10 nM). While FVM09 or m8C4 alone failed to protect Ebola-virus-infected mice, a combination of the two antibodies provided 100% protection. Furthermore, non-neutralizers FVM09 and FVM02 exponentially enhanced the potency of two neutralizing antibodies against both Ebola and Sudan viruses. We identified a hotspot for the binding of these enabling antibody pairs near the interface of the glycan cap and GP2. Enabling cooperativity may be an underappreciated phenomenon for viruses, with implications for the design and development of immunotherapeutics and vaccines.
Miniaturized Metamaterial-based Sheet Beam Radiation Sources (2020)

In this paper, we investigate the transmission characteristics of metamaterial (MTM) -based slow-wave structure (SWS) with two waveguide couplers by using the frequency domain solver in CST 2016 Microwave Studio. The radiation source is also presented here based on the above structure to study the beam-wave interaction verified by the particle-in-cell (PIC) in CST 2016 Particle Studio. The simulation results show that the MTM-based SWS has a pass band near 3 GHz. Meanwhile, the radiation source has electronic efficiency of 26.7% and its peak output power is 61.6 kW at 2.83 GHz when the beam voltage and beam current are 38.5 kV and 6 A, respectively. The characteristic of miniaturization is shown by the fact that the transverse dimension of the MTM-based SWS is approximately 1/7 to 3/7 of the corresponding S band conventional structure.
Oxidatively stable linear carborane-siloxane-diacetylene copolymers (1995)

New thermosetting copolymers have been synthesized which contain varying amounts of carborane in the backbone. The syntheses are straightforward and proceed in high yield. The polymers give high char yields on pyrolysis, and the resultant chars show excellent oxidative stability at high temperatures. It has been determined that only a small percentage of carborane is necessary to provide this oxidation protection. Thus, these polymers are more cost-effective than previous polymers which contained carborane in each repeating unit.
cmFPA008, an anti-mouse CSF-1R antibody, combines with multiple immunotherapies to reduce tumor growth in nonclinical models (2015)

Meeting abstracts The colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling pathway drives the recruitment, differentiation, and survival of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the neoplastic microenvironment, promoting tumor progression and modulation of the immune response. As such, CSF1R
Curved Caps Raise Corrugation Strength (1983)

Construction concept increases strength-to-weight ratio of corrugated panels. Flat caps are replaced by curved caps in new concept for constructing corrugated panels. Geometry utilizes curved cap for wider cap/web attachment. Beading web prevents local buckling in web while allowing maximum separation between cap strips. Geometry offers significant weight saving over conventional geometry for wide range of loading.
Laser-Diode Based Scanning Force Microscope and Ultrafast Sampling Probe (1995)

New discoveries in fabrication technology and in device physics have open the way for a class of electronic and optoelectronic devices with nanometer-scale dimensions. These devices offer the opportunity to work with electrons confined to 2-D, 1-D and 0-D in space. In an effort to understand how individual devices work it will be necessary to interrogate individual submicron structures. Aside from the fine dimensions of the contacts used for such measurements it will be necessary to make measurement with very low invasiveness and increasingly, with higher speed. To meet the challenges of new nano-technologies we have developed a probe which demonstrates high impedance voltage measurement using a 0.1-micron contacting tip. The voltage of the tip is photoconductively sampled allowing waveforms to be measured with picosecond resolution [1]. In this paper we describe the operation of the probe using a gain switched laser diode to make measurements which extract only a few fC from the device under test. We also show the probes value as a high-speed, high sensitivity probe for millimeter-wave circuits.
Laser Evaporation Deposition And Interaction With Superconducting Thin Films (1988)

We describe here the deposition of superconducting thin films by the laser evaporation technique. The characterization of this process, and optimization with respect to wavelength and pulse duration of the laser will be discussed. Results of laser interaction experiments will also be described. It was shown that the superconducting thin films could be used as room temperature bolometers with a microsecond response time.
Bayes-like Classifier with Fuzzy Likelihood (2006)

In this short paper we build a very simple classifier based on the concepts similar to Bayesian classifier using fuzzy theory. In our design we completely eliminate the concept of prior information about the class, and we just focus on the likelihood function (obtained from training data) and that is modeled as fuzzy sets. In the process of classification we have used the possibility-probability transformation. In this experimental study we show the efficacy of possibilitic description of knowledge for reasonable classification. The preliminary results obtained, in this study, by using fuzzy likelihood is as good as the Bayesian classifier.
Comparison between Enhanced MALDI In-source Decay by Ammonium Persulfate and N- or C-Terminal Derivatization Methods for Detailed Peptide Structure Determination (2013)

Amino acid sequencing and more detailed structure elucidation analysis of peptides and small proteins is a very difficult task even if state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) is employed. To make this task easier, chemical derivatization methods of the N terminus with 4-sulfophenyl-isothiocyanate (SPITC) or the C terminus with 2-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (Lys-tag) can enhance peptide fragmentation or fragment ionizability, via proton mobility/localization mechanisms making tandem MS (MS(2)) spectra more informative and less demanding for structural interpretation. Observed disadvantages related to both derivatization methods are sample- and time-consuming procedures and the increased number of reaction byproducts. A novel, sulfate radical in-source formation method of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS based on chemically enhanced in-source decay (ISD) can be accomplished by simple addition of ammonium persulfate (APS) in the matrix solution. This method enables effective decomposition of peptide ions already in the first stage of MS analysis where a large number of fragment ions are produced. The resultant MALDI-ISD mass spectra (MS after APS → MALDI-ISD MS) are almost equivalent to conventional, collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS(2) spectra. These fragment ions are further subjected to the second stage of the MS, and consequently, MS(3) spectra are produced, which makes the sequence analysis more informative and complete (CID MS(2) is thus equivalent to CID MS(3)). Multiply stage MS after APS addition showed enhanced sensitivity, resolution, and mass accuracy compared to peptide derivatization (SPITC and Lys-tag) or conventional MS and MS(2) analyses and offered more detailed insight into peptide structure.
Thermal Imaging of the Superficial Temporal Artery: An Arterial Pulse Recovery Model (2007)

We present a novel model for measurement of the arterial pulse from the superficial temporal artery (STA) using passive thermal infrared (IR) sensors. The proposed approach has a physical and physiological basis and as such is of fundamental nature. Thermal IR camera is used to capture the heat pattern from superficial arteries, and a blood vessel model is used to describe the pulsatile nature of the blood flow. A multiresolution wavelet-based signal analysis approach is used to extract the arterial pulse waveform, which lends itself to various physiological measurements. We validate the results using a traditional contact vital-sign monitor as a ground truth. Eight people of different age, race and gender have been tested in our study consistent with IRB approval. The resultant arterial pulse waveforms exactly matched the ground-truth readings. The essence of our approach is the automatic detection of region of arterial pulse measurement (ROM), from which the arterial pulse waveform is extracted. To the best of our knowledge, the correspondence between non-contact thermal IR imaging based measurements of the arterial pulse in the time domain and traditional contact approaches has never been reported in the literature.
Evaluation of A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) cold-adapted recombinant viruses derived from A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus in adult seronegative volunteers (1981)

The influenza A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted (ca) virus was evaluated as a donor of attenuating genes to new variants of influenza A virus. This ca donor virus was mated with the A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) wild-type virus, and three A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) ca recombinant viruses were produced. The parental origin of the genes in the three ca recombinants had been determined previously (2), and their virulence for adult seronegative volunteers was assessed in the present study to identify the genes present in the ca donor virus that confer attenuation. Each of the recombinants received the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from the A/Alaska/6/77 (H3N2) wild-type parent. One ca recombinant (CR-29) received all six transferable genes from the ca parent and was found to be satisfactorily attenuated in the volunteers. The two other ca recombinants received five of the six transferable genes with a wild-type gene at the M or NS locus. The pattern of infection in humans with these latter two ca recombinants was similar to the CR-29 ca recombinant. These findings demonstrate that inheritance of a gene in ca recombinants at the M or NS locus segregates independently of attenuation and suggest that the M and NS genes present in the ca donor virus are not the major determinants of attenuation conferred by this virus.
The effect of interaural differences in envelope shape on the perceived location of sounds (L) (2012)

Users of bilateral cochlear implants and a cochlear implant combined with a contralateral hearing aid are sensitive to interaural time differences (ITDs). The way cochlear implant speech processors work and differences between modalities may result in interaural differences in shape of the temporal envelope presented to the binaural system. The effect of interaural differences in envelope shape on ITD sensitivity was investigated with normal-hearing listeners using a 4 kHz pure tone modulated with a periodic envelope with a trapezoid shape in each cycle. In one ear the onset segment of the trapezoid was transformed by a power function. No effect on the just noticeable difference in ITD was found with an interaural difference in envelope shape, but the ITD for a centered percept was significantly different across envelope shape conditions.
Increased ranging capacity using Ultrawideband direct-path pulse signal strength with dynamic recalibration (2012)

Pulsed-RF (aka. Ultrawideband, or UWB) signaling strategies inherently produce separation of multipath reflections from the earliest Line-of-Sight (LOS) signal. Direct waveform scanning in each UWB transceiver allows coarse estimation of distance through relative signal strength measure of the earliest, most direct path pulse. Even with multipath separation this technique suffers from errors due to channel and antenna pattern changes inherent in distributed dynamic localization systems. This problem can be overcome through occasional, as-needed precise two-way Time-of-Flight (TOF) ranging which can provide periodic dynamic recalibration of the Coarse Range Estimate (CRE). CRE error conditions such as Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) and signal saturation can be mitigated through real-time direct sampling and analysis of the pulse waveform. In this investigation a recursive model-based Kalman range filter is used to combine the less accurate CRE with very accurate TOF Precision Range Measurements (PRM). In order to support dynamic recalibration a simple periodic “1 out of N” PRM scheduler is compared to a more flexible and capable Range Target Prioritization (RTP) algorithm designed to minimize PRM requirements while maximizing range accuracy in a network environment. The resulting ranging system is much more scalable and suitable for large-scale systems such as distributed ad hoc collision avoidance, safety, and automation networks.
Gain-clamped Raman fiber oscillator (2008)

Gain band expansion of a Raman amplifier based on a Raman fiber oscillator (RFO) was tested with two Raman lasers, which yielded a broad gain spectrum of about 40 nm. However, they also introduced gain-clamping behavior in the short-wavelength range and abnormal excessive gain in long-wavelength channels, which were undesirable for practical application. The proper mechanism of the behavior was analyzed and experimentally demonstrated to apply to a gain-clamped (GC) amplifier based on a RFO. Appropriate configuration of the GC-RFO for wide gain bandwidth was proposed and characterized.
A Novel Class of Immune-Stimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Unifies High Potency in Type I Interferon Induction with Preferred Structural Properties (2010)

Unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosin dinucleotide (CpG)-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been well characterized as agonists for Toll-like receptor 9. We here describe a new class of CpG ODNs, the so-called P-Class, which combines preferred properties of known CpG ODN classes. This P-Class contains two palindromic sequences, enabling it to form concatamers, multimeric units, where each molecule is bound via Watson-Crick basepairing to a second and a third palindrome. The type I interferon-inducing potency and efficacy of the double-palindromic P-Class ODN is substantially higher than that of previously described C-Class ODNs, and they stimulate superior cytokine production upon in vivo application. The multimeric structures of the P-Class can be resolved to monomers and dimers by formulation in low-salt buffer, retaining the strong and potent immune effects. Taken together, we have discovered a novel class of CpG ODNs, the P-Class, with promising superior activity for disease application.
Photoacoustic signals from small gas leaks (1997)

In the manufacture of heat exchangers or other devices filled with compressed gases or liquids, efficient detection of leaks is a critical process. Photoacoustics has been used to quickly detect these leaks in an industrial environment. Although this technology can detect leaks as small as 10−6 standard cc/s, it has not been extended to localization or quantification of these leaks. This work aims to resolve these issues. An acoustic source strength based on the Beer-Lambert law and gas diffusion from a point source is developed and used to predict photoacoustic signals. The relationship between photoacoustic signals and leak test parameters, specifically leak rate, modulation frequency, and laser power, are presented. An effective strategy for illuminating the suspected leak area is shown, and leak detection using multiple microphones is discussed. A carbon dioxide laser tuned to 10.6 microns is used as the radiation source with sulfur hexaflouride as the tracer gas. Comparisons are made between theoretical predictions and experimental results. [Work sponsored by Ford Motor Company.]
ChemInform Abstract: RING CONTRACTION OF 2‐AZIDOPYRIDINE 1‐OXIDES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. 2‐CYANO‐1‐HYDROXYPYRROLES AND ‐IMIDAZOLES (1976)

Abstract Aus den 2‐Amino‐pyridinen (I) werden über die N‐Oxide (II) die Azidopyridinoxide (III) synthetisiert und der Thermolyse in Benzol, Methanol und Anilin unterworfen; die Reaktion verläuft in allen drei Lösungsmitteln unter Ringverengung zu Pyrrolen.
Optical Transversal Filter With Variable Weights (1989)

We describe an optical transversal filter constructed from off-the-shelf components. The filter is comprised of fiber optics and integrated optical devices. This filter differs significantly from previously constructed filters which all had fixed tap weights, 1-3 usually of value unity. An approach used to make fixed weight taps was to produce dielectric mirrors directly in the fiber. 3 All of these systems were limited by the inflexibility of their weighting scheme. This limitation adversely affects the filter performance in two ways. First, it is not possible to change the response function of the filter once the filter has been made. Second, it is not possible to correct for tap weight errors. When a fiber optic transversal filter is built, by any technique, there will be some error in the value of the loss and the delay between taps. Fixed weight systems have no technique for self correction.
Coordinated look-ahead scheduling for real-time traffic signal control (2012)

We take an agent-based approach to real-time traffic signal control based on coordinated look-ahead scheduling. At each decision point, each agent constructs a schedule that optimizes movement of the currently approaching traffic through its intersection. For strengthening its local view, each agent queries the scheduled outflows from its direct upstream neighbors to obtain an optimistic observation, which is capable of incorporating non-local impacts from indirect neighbors. We summarize results on a road network of tightly-coupled intersections that demonstrate the ability of our approach.
Rac1 Activity Is Modulated by Huntingtin and Dysregulated in Models of Huntington’s Disease (2018)

These findings suggest that Huntingtin regulates Rac1 activity as part of a coordinated response to growth factor signaling and this function is impaired early in HD.
Determination of Specific Growth Rate by Measurement of Specific Rate of Ribosome Synthesis in Growing and Nongrowing Cultures of <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> (2007)

RT-RiboSyn measures the specific rate of ribosome synthesis in distinct microbial populations by measuring the generation rate of precursor 16S rRNA relative to that of mature 16S rRNA when precursor 16S rRNA processing is inhibited. Good agreement was demonstrated between specific rate of ribosome synthesis and specific growth rate of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.