gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Reduction Kinetics on the Preparation of Well-Defined Cubic Palladium Nanocrystals (2018)

A facile synthesis strategy has been developed to synthesize palladium nanocubes with tunable size and well-controlled morphology. Through adjusting the dosages of acetate species (KOAc, NH<sub>4</sub>OAc, and HOAc), the sizes of well-defined Pd nanocubes are tuned. The reduction of Pd precursors, a first-order reaction, is influenceable by acetate species, and a quantitative relationship between cubic width and apparent reduction rate constant, which has been found to be an effective parameter to describe the growth process of Pd nanocubes, has been uncovered. The effect of apparent reduction rate constant on the growth of Pd nanocubes has been discussed, and the growth kinetics of Pd nanocubes is quantitatively depicted.
Improved Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Open-Aisle Air-Cooled Data Center Simulations (2013)

There is a need in the IT industry for CFD models that are capable of accurately predicting the thermal distributions in high power density open-aisle air-cooled data centers for use in the design of these facilities with reduced cooling needs. A recent detailed evaluation of a small data center cell equipped with one high power rack using current CFD practice showed that the CFD results were not accurate. The simulation results exhibited pronounced hot/cold spots in the data center while the test data were much more diffused, indicating that the CFD model under-predicted the mixing process between the cold tile flow and the hot rack exhaust flow with the warm room air. In this study, a parametric study was carried out to identify CFD modeling issues that contributed to this error. Through a combined experimental and computational investigation, it was found that the boundary condition imposed at the perforated surfaces (e.g., perforated tiles and rack exhaust door) as fully open surfaces was the main source of error. This method enforces the correct mass flux but the initial jet momentum is under-specified. A momentum source model proposed for these perforated surfaces is found to improve the CFD results significantly. Another CFD modeling refinement shown to improve CFD predictions is the inclusion of some large-scale geometrical features of the perforated surfaces (e.g., lands/gaps) in the CFD model, but this refinement requires the use of grids finer than those typically used in practice.
Effects of Welding Parameters on the Mechanical Performance of Laser Welded Nitinol (2008)

The excellent pseudoelasticity, shape memory and biocompatibility of Nitinol has made it a leading candidate for various applications, including aerospace, micro-electronics and medical devices. Challenges associated with the welding Nitinol need to be resolved before its full potential in practical applications can be attained. The current study details the effects of process parameters on the mechanical and pseudoelastic properties of Ni-rich pulsed Nd:YAG laser welded Nitinol. The weld strength, pseudoelastic and cyclic loading properties for varying welding parameters are compared to those of the base metal. Furthermore, fracture surfaces have been analysed and detailed. Results show that process parameters greatly influence the mechanical performance and fracture mode of weldments.
Separation of Gating Properties from Permeation and Block in <i>mslo</i> Large Conductance Ca-activated K+ Channels (1997)

In this and the following paper we have examined the kinetic and steady-state properties of macroscopic mslo Ca-activated K+ currents in order to interpret these currents in terms of the gating behavior of the mslo channel. To do so, however, it was necessary to first find conditions by which we could separate the effects that changes in Ca2+ concentration or membrane voltage have on channel permeation from the effects these stimuli have on channel gating. In this study we investigate three phenomena which are unrelated to gating but are manifest in macroscopic current records: a saturation of single channel current at high voltage, a rapid voltage-dependent Ca2+ block, and a slow voltage-dependent Ba2+ block. Where possible methods are described by which these phenomena can be separated from the effects that changes in Ca2+ concentration and membrane voltage have on channel gating. Where this is not possible, some assessment of the impact these effects have on gating parameters determined from macroscopic current measurements is provided. We have also found that without considering the effects of Ca2+ and voltage on channel permeation and block, macroscopic current measurements suggest that mslo channels do not reach the same maximum open probability at all Ca2+ concentrations. Taking into account permeation and blocking effects, however, we find that this is not the case. The maximum open probability of the mslo channel is the same or very similar over a Ca2+ concentration range spanning three orders of magnitude indicating that over this range the internal Ca2+ concentration does not limit the ability of the channel to be activated by voltage.
Minimal Von Kries illuminant invariance (2008)

Abstract West and Brill (J Math Biol 1982;15:249–258) posed necessary and sufficient conditions on reflectance for Von Kries ratios to be illuminant‐invariant. The statement of the conditions allowed the illuminant unlimited freedom in a function subspace. If the illuminant change is only a pairwise substitution, greater reflectance freedom at first seems available, but this appearance is illusory. Implications for sharpened‐sensor theory are discussed, as well as application to an analogous formalism that emerges from Imura's (Color Res Appl 2007;32:195–200) fluorescent estimation algorithm. Such studies may clarify how to use the West and Brill criterion of “perfect invariance” to quantify invariance that may be “good enough.” © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 320–323, 2008.
Enormous Yield of Photoelectrons from Small Particles (1980)

A new ac bridge technique allows detailed photoelectric studies on very small particles suspended in gases. The photoelectric yield $Y$ near threshold $\ensuremath{\Phi}$ still follows the Fowler-Nordheim law $Y=c{(h\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Phi})}^{2}$; yet $c$ is generally much larger compared to surfaces of extended solids. For Ag particles of radius 20 \AA{} in an airlike mixture of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, $c\ensuremath{\simeq}100{c}_{0}$, where ${c}_{0}$ applies to a macroscopic Ag surface in the same environment.
The Biology of Surfactant (1988)

Preface 1. Surfaces and surfactants 2. Phospholipids - structure, synthesis and analysis 3. Surface tension and its measurement 4. Adsorption and wetting 5. Monolayers 6. Alveolar models and morphology 7. Lung mechanics and homeostasis 8. Lubrication and release 9. Gastric mucosal protection and membrance permeability 10. The liquid-air interface in vitro Bibliography Index.
Design and Synthesis of Potent in Vitro and in Vivo Anticancer Agents Based on 1-(3′,4′,5′-Trimethoxyphenyl)-2-Aryl-1H-Imidazole (2016)

A novel series of tubulin polymerization inhibitors, based on the 1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-aryl-1H-imidazole scaffold and designed as cis-restricted combretastatin A-4 analogues, was synthesized with the goal of evaluating the effects of various patterns of substitution on the phenyl at the 2-position of the imidazole ring on biological activity. A chloro and ethoxy group at the meta- and para-positions, respectively, produced the most active compound in the series (4o), with IC50 values of 0.4-3.8 nM against a panel of seven cancer cell lines. Except in HL-60 cells, 4o had greater antiproliferative than CA-4, indicating that the 3'-chloro-4'-ethoxyphenyl moiety was a good surrogate for the CA-4 B-ring. Experiments carried out in a mouse syngenic model demonstrated high antitumor activity of 4o, which significantly reduced the tumor mass at a dose thirty times lower than that required for CA-4P, which was used as a reference compound. Altogether, our findings suggest that 4o is a promising anticancer drug candidate that warrants further preclinical evaluation.
Telomerase expression and telomere length in breast cancer and their associations with adjuvant treatment and disease outcome (2011)

Overall, telomerase expression was not associated with disease outcome, but this finding may be masked by adjuvant treatment. Patients with high telomerase expression responded poorly to chemotherapy in terms of disease-free and overall survival, but fared better if treated with endocrine therapy.
How Robust is 3D Human Pose Estimation to Occlusion? (2018)

Occlusion is commonplace in realistic human-robot shared environments, yet its effects are not considered in standard 3D human pose estimation benchmarks. This leaves the question open: how robust are state-of-the-art 3D pose estimation methods against partial occlusions? We study several types of synthetic occlusions over the Human3.6M dataset and find a method with state-of-the-art benchmark performance to be sensitive even to low amounts of occlusion. Addressing this issue is key to progress in applications such as collaborative and service robotics. We take a first step in this direction by improving occlusion-robustness through training data augmentation with synthetic occlusions. This also turns out to be an effective regularizer that is beneficial even for non-occluded test cases.
Selective chromosomal damage and cytotoxicity of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody 17-1a in human cancer cells. (1989)

A monoclonal antibody, 17-1a, which reacts with antigen expressed in human colon cancers was radiolabeled in high specific activity with 125I. The combination of the antibody and this radionuclide was observed to elicit specific cellular damage after being internalized into cells of the SW1116 human colon cancer cell line. The degree of internalization was quantitatively measured and found to increase over time to 49% after a 48-h incubation period. During this period, significant chromosome aberrations were observed in the SW1116 cell line due to the Auger electrons of 125I. This damage was not observed using Na125I, a nonimmunoreactive radiolabeled antibody, or cells which did not contain the requisite antigen. The number of chromosomal aberrations increased with increasing radioactive concentration of 125I-17-1a. The nuclear damage resulted in specific cellular cytotoxicity and decreased cell survival of SW1116 cells exposed to various concentrations of 125I-17-1a.
1,4-Addition of triazolium thiolates to quinones (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,4-Addition of triazolium thiolates to quinonesHenry W. Altland and Barry F. Briffa Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 4, 433–437Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00204a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00204a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Technology Review of Thermal Forming Techniques for use in Composite Component Manufacture (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">There is a growing demand for composites to be utilised in the production of large-scale components within the aerospace industry. In particular the demand to increase production rates indicates that traditional manual methods are no longer sufficient, and automated solutions must be sought. This typically leads to automated forming processes where there are a limited number of effective options. The need for forming typically arises from the inability of layup methods to produce complex geometries of structural components. This paper reviews the current state of the art in automated forming processes, their limitations and variables that affect performance in the production of large scale components. In particular the paper will focus on the application of force and heat within secondary forming processes. It will then review the effects of these variables against the structure of the required composite component and identify viability of the technology. Through this, an understanding of the key criteria involved in the forming of composite aerospace components can be utilised to better inform improved manufacturing processes and capabilities.</div></div>
Cardiac Cycle Phase Estimation in 2-D Echocardiographic Images Using an Artificial Neural Network (2012)

This paper proposes a new hybrid approach to estimate the cardiac cycle phases in 2-D echocardiographic images as a first step in cardiac volume estimation. We focused on analyzing the atrial systole and diastole events by using the geometrical position of the mitral valve and a set of three image features. The proposed algorithm is based on a tandem of image processing methods and artificial neural networks as a classifier to robustly extract anatomical information. An original set of image features is proposed and derived to recognize the cardiac phases. The aforementioned approach is performed in two denoising scenarios. In the first scenario, the images are corrupted with Gaussian noise, and in the second one with Rayleigh noise distribution. Our hybrid algorithm does not involve any manual tracing of the boundaries for segmentation process. The algorithm is implemented as computer-aided diagnosis (CADi) software. A dataset of 150 images that include both normal and infarct cardiac pathologies was used. We reported an accuracy of 90 % and a 2 ± 0.3 s in terms of execution time of CADi application in a cardiac cycle estimation task. The main contribution of this paper is to propose this hybrid method and a set of image features that can be helpful for automatic detection applications without any user intervention. The results of the employed methods are qualitatively and quantitatively compared in terms of efficiency for both scenarios.
Magnetic and optical properties of γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals (1993)

γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals have been synthesized in a polymer matrix by an ion exchange and precipitation reaction. The particles are crystalline with a mean diameter of 85 Å. The unit cell volume is 1735.2 Å3 corresponding to a unit cell compression of 0.35%. Magnetization and susceptibility data from experiment and computer simulations indicate that the system is superparamagnetic. The calculated magnetic anisotropy for the particles is two orders of magnitude larger than that of bulk γ-Fe2O3 . The optical absorption edge is red shifted with respect to that of an epitaxially grown single-crystal film of γ-Fe2O3 . The red shift is attributed to lattice strain in the small particles.
Polymerized Monomolecular Films: Microscopic Structure, Viscosity, and Photopolymerization Kinetics (1995)

The photopolymerization of monolayers prepared at the gas-water interface with two styrene functionalized surfactants is studied and peculiar features of the film structures are described. When these films are irradiated with UV light, at constant surface pressure, their areas decrease monotonically as a function of the irradiation time. Phase separation and microscopic morphological changes induced by the polymerization process are investigated by using fluorescence microscopy and scanning force microscopy. During irradiation, domains of higher density and thickness are formed. The shapes and sizes of these domains, which are evidently the polymeric phase, depend on surface pressure and irradiation time. The film viscosities are measured before and after polymerization and are related to the irradiation time and the mean sizes of the polymeric domains. Film surface area measurements and image analysis are used to obtain the area occupied by a bound monomer in the polymeric phase. A kinetics model of the photopolymerization, taking into account the peculiar features of the almost two-dimensional system, is used to fit the experimental results of the surface area variation with the irradiation time.
Model identification and parameter estimation for LiFePO4 batteries (2013)

We propose a method for dynamic model identification and parameter estimation of LiFePO4 cells based on current pulse measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Modelling efforts were focused on diffusion as the predominant dynamic process relevant to battery management systems. An equivalent circuit model approach was adopted with parameters dependant on temperature and state of charge (SOC). The model was parameterised at 50°C, 20°C, 0°C and -30°C and between 10% and 100% SOC. Initial parameter estimations for the model identification procedure were informed by EIS. The model was validated (at constant SOC), for the entire temperature range and at C-rates between C/2 and 9C, by voltage simulation based on a dynamic drive cycle profile. Maximal residuals did not exceed 68 mV or 2% of the nominal cell voltage (Vnom) and root-mean-squared deviations remained within 28 mV or 0.8% of Vnom at all temperatures and C-rates.
Mitogenic activity of procathepsin D purified from conditioned medium of breast‐cancer cells by affinity chromatography on pepstatinyl agarose (1994)

A simple procedure for the affinity purification of procathepsin D from tissue culture medium conditioned by breast-cancer cells is described. This procedure yielded 2 micrograms of procathepsin D/100 ml medium. The procathepsin D was approximately 95% pure as judged by silver staining of polyacrylamide gels, the major contaminant being mature cathepsin D. The ability of procathepsin D to stimulate the proliferation of oestrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells was determined. The purified procathepsin D had no mitogenic effect alone or in combination with oestradiol or other growth factors. These data suggest that procathepsin D does not act as an oestrogen-regulated autocrine growth factor for malignant breast epithelial calls.
Partitioning of broad-host-range plasmid RP4 is a complex system involving site-specific recombination (1990)

The broad-host-range plasmid RP4 encodes a highly efficient partitioning system (par) that was previously mapped within the 6.2-kb PstI C fragment. The essential functions were assigned to a region of 2.2 kb between fiwA and IS21 (IS8). On the basis of the nucleotide sequence data of the entire par locus and of in vitro and in vivo expression studies, three distinct loci encoding polypeptides of 9, 18, and 24 kDa were identified. Evidence for the expression of another polypeptide was found. A putative divergent promoter was localized in an intergenic region and is suggested to be responsible for transcription of these genes. It was found that the RP4 par region includes a function resolving plasmid dimers. The 24-kDa polypeptide is considered to function as a resolvase, since its predicted amino acid sequence shows homology to sequences of resolvases of the Tn3 family. Furthermore, palindromes present in the intergenic region containing the divergent promoter resemble repeat structures specific for res sites of Tn3-related transposons. However, it was found that dimer resolution itself was not sufficient for stabilization; additional functions, including the other two polypeptides, seemed to play an important role. These results suggested that RP4 contains a complex stabilization system involving resolution of plasmid dimers during cell division, thus ensuring the delivery of at least one copy to each daughter cell.
Sulfhydryl-mediated depression of ciliary activity: an adverse effect of acetylcysteine. (1979)

Although N-acetyl-L-cysteine (Mucomyst) is an effective mycolytic, numerous investigations have failed to demonstrate a consistent improvement in pulmonary mechanics following its use. In order to determine whether its beneficial mucolytic activity might be counterbalanced by a deleterious direct effect on cilia, we studied its effect on the activity of ciliated epithelium in the ferret tracheal organ culture system. N-acetyl-L-cysteine consistently caused progressive time-dependent ciliostasis at concentrations clinically employed, with complete ciliary paralysis within 8 hr. The effect was only partially reversed by the removal of the drug. Control preparations retained full ciliary activity for 3 to 12 weeks. In order to determine the active site on the N-acetyl-L-cysteine molecule, we investigated the ciliostatic effects of five of its chemical analogs. Isomolar N-acetyl-L-alanine was not ciliostatic, indicating the necessity of a sulfhydryl group for activity. Ciliostasis was independent of isomeric structure, acetylation, and chain length, as evidenced by the similar ciliostatic effects of L-cysteine, D-cysteine, 2-mercaptoethylamine, and N-acetyl-L-homocysteine. We conclude that N-acetyl-L-cysteine induces partially reversible ciliostasis of tracheal epithelium via its sulfhydryl group; prolonged use of this drug may impair mucociliary clearance.
Maternal diabetes induces senescence and neural tube defects sensitive to the senomorphic rapamycin (2021)

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common structural birth defect. Senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest, occurs only after neural tube closure. Maternal diabetes-induced NTDs are severe diabetic complications that lead to infant mortality or lifelong morbidity and may be linked to premature senescence. Here, we report that premature senescence occurs in the mouse neuroepithelium and disrupts neurulation, leading to NTDs in diabetic pregnancy. Premature senescence and NTDs were abolished by knockout of the transcription factor <i>Foxo3a</i>, the <i>miR-200c</i> gene, and the cell cycle inhibitors <i>p21</i> and <i>p27</i>; transgenic expression of the dominant-negative FoxO3a mutant; or the senomorphic rapamycin. Double transgenic expression of p21 and p27 mimicked maternal diabetes in inducing premature neuroepithelium senescence and NTDs. These findings integrate transcription- and epigenome-regulated miRNAs and cell cycle regulators in premature neuroepithelium senescence and provide a mechanistic basis for targeting premature senescence and NTDs using senomorphics.
Beginning BBC micro:bit (2018)

This book covers the key concepts and techniques to build your own projects and overcome common programming challenges in micro:bit development. Book will take you through the complete features and capabilities of the micro:bit controller, enabling you to program and build your own projects.