gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates Vasoconstriction Evoked by Angiotensin II but Not by Noradrenaline in Man (2000)

Angiotensin-(1-7) has been suggested to be a novel vasodilating peptide. We investigated the direct vascular effect of angiotensin-(1-7) in human forearm resistant vessels, particularly with regard to the interaction with angiotensin II, in healthy normotensive men by strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography with intra-arterial infusions of peptides. Intra-arterial infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) at 0.1 to 2000 pmol/min did not cause vasodilatation but rather reduced forearm blood flow by approximately 10% at the highest dose. A placebo-controlled study showed that angiotensin-(1-7) at 0.5 to 40 nmol/min caused weak but significant vasoconstriction (P=0.0016 by ANOVA). Angiotensin-(1-7) at 100 pmol/min, but not at 10 pmol/min, significantly shifted the angiotensin II dose-response curve toward the right (mean+/-SD of percent changes in forearm blood flow: -19+/-17%, -33+/-22%, -55+/-12%, -63+/-10%, and -68+/-5% at 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 pmol/min of angiotensin II, respectively, with saline; 5+/-13%, 0. 9+/-18%, -40+/-16%, -54+/-9%, and -61+/-6% with angiotensin-(1-7), P=0.0021 by ANOVA). Angiotensin-(1-7) did not affect the dose-response curve of noradrenaline [3+/-12%, 5+/-16%, -20+/-22%, -31+/-18%, and -40+/-12% at 25, 50, 100, 300, and 600 pmol/min of noradrenaline, respectively, with saline; -4+/-15%, -2+/-23%, -29+/-22%, -34+/-16%, and -42+/-9% with angiotensin-(1-7)]. Our results suggest that angiotensin-(1-7) antagonizes vasoconstriction by angiotensin II in human resistant vessels and might act as an endogenous angiotensin II antagonist.
The ongoing adaptive evolution of ASPM and Microcephalin is not explained by increased intelligence (2007)

Recent studies have made great strides towards identifying putative genetic events underlying the evolution of the human brain and its emergent cognitive capacities. One of the most intriguing findings is the recurrent identification of adaptive evolution in genes associated with primary microcephaly, a developmental disorder characterized by severe reduction in brain size and intelligence, reminiscent of the early hominid condition. This has led to the hypothesis that the adaptive evolution of these genes has contributed to the emergence of modern human cognition. As with other candidate loci, however, this hypothesis remains speculative due to the current lack of methodologies for characterizing the evolutionary function of these genes in humans. Two primary microcephaly genes, ASPM and Microcephalin, have been implicated not only in the adaptive evolution of the lineage leading to humans, but in ongoing selective sweeps in modern humans as well. The presence of both the putatively adaptive and neutral alleles at these loci provides a unique opportunity for using normal trait variation within humans to test the hypothesis that the recent selective sweeps are driven by an advantage in cognitive abilities. Here, we report a large-scale association study between the adaptive alleles of these genes and normal variation in several measures of IQ. Five independent samples were used, totaling 2393 subjects, including both family-based and population-based datasets. Our overall findings do not support a detectable association between the recent adaptive evolution of either ASPM or Microcephalin and changes in IQ. As we enter the post-genomic era, with the number of candidate loci underlying human evolution growing rapidly, our findings highlight the importance of direct experimental validation in elucidating their evolutionary role in shaping the human phenotype.
An A-D-A Type Small-Molecule Electron Acceptor with End-Extended Conjugation for High Performance Organic Solar Cells (2017)

A new non-fullerene small molecule with an acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structure, FDNCTF, incorporating fluorenedicyclopentathiophene as core and naphthyl-fused indanone as end groups, was designed and synthesized. Compared with the previous molecule FDICTF with the phenyl-fused indanone as the end groups, the extended π-conjugation at the end group has only little impact on its molecular orbital energy levels, and thus, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of its solar cell devices has been kept high. However, its light absorption and mobility, together with the short-current density (Jsc) and the fill factor (FF), of its devices have been all improved simultaneously. Through morphology, transient absorption, and theoretical studies, it is believed that these favorable changes are caused by (1) the appropriately enhanced molecular interaction between donor/acceptor which makes the charge separation at the interface more efficient, and (2) enhanced light absorption and more ordered packing at solid state, all due to the extended end-group conjugation of this molecule. With these, the solar cells with FDNCTF as the acceptor and a wide band gap polymer PBDB-T as the donor demonstrated a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.2% with an enhanced Jsc and a maintained high Voc, and significantly improved FF of 72.7% compared with that of the devices of FDICTF with the phenyl-fused indanone as the end groups. These results indicate that the unexplored conjugation size of the end group plays a critical role for the performance of their solar cell devices.
Understanding the effects of wrong-path memory references on processor performance (2004)

High-performance out-of-order processors spend a significant portion of their execution time on the incorrect program path even though they employ aggressive branch prediction algorithms. Although memory references generated on the wrong path do not change the architectural state of the processor, they can affect the arrangement of data in the memory hierarchy. This paper examines the effects of wrong-path memory references on processor performance. It is shown that these references significantly affect the IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) performance of a processor. Not modeling them can lead to errors of up to 10% in IPC estimates for the SPEC2000 integer benchmarks; 7 out of 12 benchmarks experience an error of greater than 2% in IPC estimates. In general, the error in the IPC increases with increasing memory latency and instruction window size.We find that wrong-path references are usually beneficial for performance, because they prefetch data that will be used by later correct-path references. L2 cache pollution is found to be the most significant negative effect of wrong-path references. Code examples are shown to provide insights into how wrong-path references affect performance.
Synthesis and Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> Exchanger‐1 Inhibitory Activity of Substituted (Quinolinecarbonyl)guanidine Derivatives (2009)

The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) is a protein expressed in many mammalian cell types. It is involved in intracellular pH (pH(i)) homeostasis by exchanging extracellular Na(+) for intracellular H(+). To date, nine NHE isoforms (NHE1-NHE9) have been identified. NHE1 is the most predominant isoform expressed in mammalian cardiac muscle. A novel series of substituted (quinolinecarbonyl)guanidine derivatives were designed and synthesized as NHE inhibitors. Most compounds can inhibit NHE1-mediated platelet swelling in a concentration-dependent manner, among which compound 7f was the most active and more potent than cariporide. Furthermore, compound 7f has also been demonstrated to exhibit the in vivo cardioprotective effects against SD rat myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury superior to those of cariporide.
Phase II Study of First-Line Trebananib Plus Sorafenib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2017)

There was no improvement in PFS rate at 4 months in either cohort, when compared with sorafenib historical control.
The development of a connectionist multiple-voice text-to-speech system (1991)

Experiments with a multiple voice text-to-speech system trained on the NETtalk and ATIMIT databases are described. Two connectionist models of the NETtalk architecture are used, one to do the letter-to-phoneme mapping and the other to map the phonemes onto LPC synthesizer control parameters. A comparison is made of the connectionist letter-to-phoneme system with a simple decision tree classifier, and it is concluded that the performance is similar, but the latter is more practical. It is noted that there is considerable difference between the letter-to-phoneme accuracy measured by exact reproduction of phonetic dictionary entries and the accuracy obtained by listening tests. Taking this into account, the system has performance comparable to other systems using hand-crafted rules.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Review of Feline Serum Protein Electrophoresis (1986)

A review of the current literature available on feline serum proteins is presented. Early studies concentrated on comparative aspects of species variations in the electrophoretic pattern. The feline electrophoretogram was divided into five basic regions: albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and gamma. Different subdivisions of these areas were recognized depending on the support medium used. Current papers have compared the relative migration distances of each globulin peak to the migration of albumin. This "Rf" value enables reliable peak identification. To date, no data exists identifying the individual proteins responsible for the peaks in the alpha and beta regions. The only feline globulin to be studied is haptolobin; however its precise location on the electrophoretic strip was not identified.
Convergence of the two-point correlation function toward the Green's function in the context of a seismic-prospecting data set (2008)

Abstract When considering direct waves in the correlation process, the Green's function is reconstructed when using an even distribution of seismic sources or when the source distribution is restricted to the direction close to the alignment of the sensors. On the other hand, when considering records of coda waves, the convergence is achieved for any source distribution, as expected theoretically. We extract the expected amplitude decay along a seismic profile from the correlation functions when an even distribution of sources is considered or when the time window includes scattered waves.
Deployment verification of large CFRP helical high-gain antenna for AIS signals (2011)

In this paper the development of the structural design of a deployable helical antenna made from fiber composite material as well as its deployment verification in Zero-G environment will presented. In the introduction the advantages of helical antennas will be pointed out and a potential field of application, the receiving of AIS (Automatic Identification System) signals from maritime vessels, will be presented. The next chapter deals with the antenna design where especially manufacturing aspects will be addressed. The test setup for deployment tests in weightlessness will be explained and the results recorded during the 15 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> parabolic flight campaign (PFC) of DLR (German Aerospace Center) in March 2010 will be shown. During this campaign the deployment of 4 different helix antennas was tested as well as reaction forces and the dynamical behavior were recorded. An outlook is given on the subsequent finite element (FE) nonlinear numerical analysis. The aim of these calculations is to correlate analysis and test results, to use the correlated models for further improvements of antenna parameters, and to enhance predictions of the antenna behavior and its effect on the satellites attitude control during and after deployment.
Supervised Training of Conditional Monge Maps (2022)

Optimal transport (OT) theory describes general principles to define and select, among many possible choices, the most efficient way to map a probability measure onto another. That theory has been mostly used to estimate, given a pair of source and target probability measures $(μ, ν)$, a parameterized map $T_θ$ that can efficiently map $μ$ onto $ν$. In many applications, such as predicting cell responses to treatments, pairs of input/output data measures $(μ, ν)$ that define optimal transport problems do not arise in isolation but are associated with a context $c$, as for instance a treatment when comparing populations of untreated and treated cells. To account for that context in OT estimation, we introduce CondOT, a multi-task approach to estimate a family of OT maps conditioned on a context variable, using several pairs of measures $\left(μ_i, ν_i\right)$ tagged with a context label $c_i$. CondOT learns a global map $\mathcal{T}_θ$ conditioned on context that is not only expected to fit all labeled pairs in the dataset $\left\{\left(c_i,\left(μ_i, ν_i\right)\right)\right\}$, i.e., $\mathcal{T}_θ\left(c_i\right) \sharp μ_i \approx ν_i$, but should also generalize to produce meaningful maps $\mathcal{T}_θ\left(c_{\text {new }}\right)$ when conditioned on unseen contexts $c_{\text {new }}$. Our approach harnesses and provides a novel usage for partially input convex neural networks, for which we introduce a robust and efficient initialization strategy inspired by Gaussian approximations. We demonstrate the ability of CondOT to infer the effect of an arbitrary combination of genetic or therapeutic perturbations on single cells, using only observations of the effects of said perturbations separately.
A context-aware audio presentation method in wearable computing (2011)

Audio usage is one of the more widely-applicable methods of information presentation in wearable computing environments since it can be used hands-free, requires only small devices like earphones, and does not interfere with most tasks compared with other methods including visual displays. However, since presented sound is often drowned out by ambient noise or conversational voice, a user is forced to turn the volume up to catch the audio information. Therefore, we propose an audio information presentation method that takes into account the user contexts. In our proposed method, a system estimates the user contexts based on the data from wearable sensors and a microphone, and then controls and presents the audio information so that it can be surely audible by changing the volume and the timing for presentation. The evaluation results confirmed the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Web-based cheminformatics and molecular property prediction tools supporting drug design and development at Novartis (2003)

Web-based tools offer many advantages for processing chemical information, most notably ease of use and high interactivity. Therefore more and more pharmaceutical companies are using web technology to deliver sophisticated molecular processing tools directly to the desks of their chemists, to assist them in the process of designing and developing new drugs. In this paper, the web-based cheminformatics system developed at Novartis and currently used by more than thousand users is described. The system allows various molecular modeling and molecular processing tasks, including the calculation of molecular and substituent properties, property-based virtual screening, visualization of molecules, bioisosteric design, diversity analysis, and support of combinatorial chemistry. The methodology to calculate various molecular properties relevant to drug design is described, including the prediction of intestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier penetration, efflux, and water solubility. Information about the web technology used is also provided.
<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Enzyme-Digested Delta Endotoxin: Effect on Cultured Insect Cells (1976)

Cells from three insect cell lines responded to the enzyme-digested delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis with swelling, lysis, and vesicle formation. Sufficient toxin was taken up in 1 minute to cause half-maximal cell damage. Cytoxic activity was neutralized by specific antiserum to the endotoxin.
Comparison of ARIMA and Random Forest time series models for prediction of avian influenza H5N1 outbreaks (2014)

Random Forest time series modeling provides enhanced predictive ability over existing time series models for the prediction of infectious disease outbreaks. This result, along with those showing the concordance between bird and human outbreaks (Rabinowitz et al. 2012), provides a new approach to predicting these dangerous outbreaks in bird populations based on existing, freely available data. Our analysis uncovers the time-series structure of outbreak severity for highly pathogenic avain influenza (H5N1) in Egypt.
Asynchronous, Decentralized DS-CDMA Using Feedback-Controlled Spreading Sequences for Time-Dispersive Channels (2008)

We propose a novel asynchronous direct-sequence codedivision multiple access (DS-CDMA) using feedback-controlled spreading sequences (FCSSs) (FCSS/DS-CDMA). At the receiver of FCSS/DS-CDMA, the code-orthogonalizing filter (COF) produces a spreading sequence, and the receiver returns the spreading sequence to the transmitter. Then the transmitter uses the spreading sequence as its updated version. The performance of FCSS/DS-CDMA is evaluated over time-dispersive channels. The results indicate that FCSS/DS-CDMA greatly suppresses both the intersymbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI) over time-invariant channels. FCSS/DS-CDMA is applicable to the decentralized multiple access.
Comparison of the use of skin scarification and skin biopsies to determine the prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus infection (1997)

Two methods for the detection of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in the skin were compared in a population-based survey in Gatete, Murama and Jerama, three 'collines' (administrative units) in Burundi. Of the 513 subjects examined, each by both methods, 131 (25.5%) were found positive by skin scarification and 119 (23.2%) by membrane filtration of the fluid in which two skin snips had been incubated. Whilst the sensitivity of the two methods was similar (90% for scarifications and 82% for skin snips), more microfilariae were found by scarification than by biopsy (with geometric mean numbers of 9.1 and 4.1, respectively). Also, more of the cases with infections of low intensity (i.e. < or = 5 microfilariae detected) were found by scarification than by skin snipping (77.9% v. 60.3%; P = 0.06). The endemicity of onchocerciasis and age- and sex-specific prevalences and intensities of infection could be determined equally well using either method. The shortcomings of past comparisons between scarification and skin-snip methods are discussed. Skin scarification has many advantages for the detection of infected individuals in rural health centres and for use in population-based surveys. It may also be helpful when mixed filarial infections are present (especially where onchocerciasis and loiasis co-occur).
Evolving the core product: Stakeholder’s perceptions of the NCAA wrestling season (2011)

During the past 25 years, athletics directors have made the decision to eliminate more than 130 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) wrestling programs (NCAA Sports Sponsorship, 2008). While many advocates of college wrestling in the United States have blamed Title IX for program eliminations, several scholars have illustrated that the attrition of men’s nonrevenue teams is instead due to the outlandish spending on men’s basketball and men’s football within athletic departments (Marburger & Hogshead-Makar, 2003, Zimbalist, 2003). With the economic challenges and the “arms race” occurring at the Division I level, it is imperative for college wrestling to develop strategies to ensure that each of its programs are self-sustainable in future years. The purpose of the study was to survey stakeholders of intercollegiate wrestling (coaches [N = 77], consumers [N = 954], officials [N =29], and student-athletes [N = 279]) to identify potential strategies to enhance the quality of the college wrestling product. In addition to several critical suggestions discussed in the article, stakeholders unanimously supported an adjustment in the college wrestling post-season to avoid March Madness (M = 4.95; SD = 1.23) and the high school wrestling state championships (M = 4.43; SD = 1.41).
Preimplantation of an Immunoprotective Device Can Lower the Curative Dose of Islets to That of Free Islet Transplantation—Studies in a Rodent Model (2008)

Islet graft survival inside macroencapsulation devices is suboptimal. We hypothesized that induction of neovascularization by preimplantation of devices would improve the physiological conditions, thereby lowering the number of islets required for cure. Several rat islets were transplanted to TheraCyte immunoprotective devices implanted subcutaneously in diabetic athymic mice. Cure rates in the groups with preimplanted devices were significantly better than in those with freshly implanted devices (375 islets: 8/8 vs. 1/6, P=0.003; 125 islets: 6/6 vs. 0/7, P=0.001). Morphometric evaluations of the 125 islet groups showed higher fractional and absolute volumes of endocrine tissue in the group with preimplanted devices (P<0.001 and P=0.035, respectively). In the following dose titration study, using preimplanted devices, as low as 50 islets cured diabetic mice (100% cure, n=6). We conclude that preimplantation significantly lowers the curative dose of macroencapsulated islets to levels resembling those of free islets transplanted under the renal capsule.
New Perspectives on Criteria for the Determination of HCG Trigger Timing in GnRH Antagonist Cycles (2016)

The aim of this study was to investigate 2 quantification criteria to evaluate the developmental condition of follicles cohort and clarify their impacts upon the determining of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger timing and the reproductive outcome: the proportion of mature follicles in growing follicles cohort on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger and the peak estradiol level per oocyte on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration.Of the patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer from 2011 to 2013, 492 controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists reaching the ovum pick-up and fresh embryo-transfer stage were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their ≥17 mm/≥10 mm follicles ratio on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration (Low proportion: ≤30%, Middle proportion: 30%-60%, High proportion: ≥60%). Patients were divided into 5 groups according to their peak estradiol level/oocyte (Group A: <100 pg/mL per oocyte, Group B: 100-199 pg/mL per oocyte, Group C: 200-299 pg/mL per oocyte, Group D: 300-399 pg/mL per oocyte, Group E ≥400 pg/mL per oocyte) as well. Comparison among groups was made regarding ovarian stimulation characteristics, fertilization rate, good quality embryo rate, implantation, pregnancy, and live birth rates.On the basis of ≥17 mm/≥10 mm follicles ratio, the number of oocyte retrieved in low proportion group is more than other 2 groups. Implantation rate, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rate in high proportion group were 25.8%, 42.7%, and 31.1%, respectively, which is highest in 3 groups, and statistical significance existed between high and middle proportion groups. When the division is based on peak estradiol level/oocyte, the number of oocyte retrieved of ≥400 pg/mL per oocyte Group was significantly lowest compared with the other 4 groups. Matured ovum rate, fertilization rate, and good quality embryos rate exhibited an increasing trend as the peak estradiol level/oocyte increased. While pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and live birth rate were found to be lower whenever estradiol/oocyte ratio exceeded 400 pg/mL per oocyte or less than 100 pg/mL per oocyte, and there is statistical difference.Patients with the proportion of mature follicle reaching 60% on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger and peak estradiol/oocyte level within 100∼399 pg/mL range can get a better pregnancy and implantation rate.