gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene nanoribbon blends with P3HT for organic electronics (2014)

In organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) the electrical characteristics of polymeric semiconducting materials suffer from the presence of structural/morphological defects and grain boundaries as well as amorphous domains within the film, hindering an efficient transport of charges. To improve the percolation of charges we blend a regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with newly designed N = 18 armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The latter, prepared by a bottom-up solution synthesis, are expected to form solid aggregates which cannot be easily interfaced with metallic electrodes, limiting charge injection at metal-semiconductor interfaces, and are characterized by a finite size, thus by grain boundaries, which negatively affect the charge transport within the film. Both P3HT and GNRs are soluble/dispersible in organic solvents, enabling the use of a single step co-deposition process. The resulting OFETs show a three-fold increase in the charge carrier mobilities in blend films, when compared to pure P3HT devices. This behavior can be ascribed to GNRs, and aggregates thereof, facilitating the transport of the charges within the conduction channel by connecting the domains of the semiconductor film. The electronic characteristics of the devices such as the Ion/Ioff ratio are not affected by the addition of GNRs at different loads. Studies of the electrical characteristics under illumination for potential use of our blend films as organic phototransistors (OPTs) reveal a tunable photoresponse. Therefore, our strategy offers a new method towards the enhancement of the performance of OFETs, and holds potential for technological applications in (opto)electronics.
Uniform sampling of periodic signals using successive conversions (1998)

This paper presents a new approach to the generation of uniform sampling signals which is based on multiple signal conversions: from pulse to digital, then from digital to analog and afterwards from analog back to pulse. It is shown that a conventional analog-to-frequency converter is suitable to be used as a controllable pulse generator providing for equidistant sampling pulses the frequency of which is proportional to the sampled signal frequency. This paper describes two methods for designing fast response, jitter-free sampling-time generators allowing accurate, uniform sampling of periodic signals. The prototypes have been built and tested.
Diversely Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐<i>a</i>]pyrazine‐8‐oxo‐3‐carbaldehydes: An Iodine‐Mediated Cyclization/Oxidation Approach (2012)

Abstract A mild and efficient iodine‐mediated intramolecular heteroannulation approach for the construction of the imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyrazinone core has been developed. Under ambient conditions, this metal‐free protocol allows easy access to densely functionalized imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyrazinone‐3‐carbaldehydes or (aminomethyl)imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyrazinones from substrates containing terminal alkynes by cyclization and subsequent oxidation or amination. Further diversification may be introduced by using substrates containing an internal alkyne and/or Suzuki coupling after cyclization to generate polysubstituted (dihydro)imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyrazinones.
SCOQ: a fast packet switch with shared concentration and output queueing (1993)

A space-division, nonblocking packet switch with data concentration and output buffering is proposed. The performance of the switch is evaluated with respect to packet loss probability, the first and second moments of the equilibrium queue length and waiting time, throughput, and buffer overflow probability. Numerical results indicate that the switch exhibits very good delay-throughput performance over a wide range of input traffic. The switch compares favorably with some previously proposed switches in terms of fewer basic building elements used to attain the same degree of output buffering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A rat model for dose-response relationships of Salmonella Enteritidis infection (2001)

The rat model allows controlled quantification of different factors related to the host, pathogen and food matrix on initial stages of infection by food-borne bacterial pathogens.
A transparent capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array for finger hover-sensing dial pads (2017)

The purpose of this research was to develop a finger hover-sensing dial pad using a 3 4 transparent capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array with 12 different resonant frequencies. The CMUT array was designed with 12 different membrane diameters generating ultrasonic frequencies ranging from 0.83MHz to 1.63MHz. The CMUT is made of polymer-based materials and transparent electrodes and provides good transmittance. Use of the hover-sensing controls does not cause the user's view to be obstructed by the fingers as occurs with touch screens, making this technology valuable in wrist-type wearable electronics applications.
Impact of Improved High-Performance Si(110)-Oriented Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Using Accumulation-Mode Fully Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator Devices (2006)

In this study, we focus on the improved device characteristics of fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on a Si(110) surface using normally off accumulation-mode device structures. It is demonstrated that the current drivability of an accumulation-mode FD-SOI n-MOSFET on Si(110) is about 1.5 times larger than that of a conventional inversion-mode FD-SOI n-MOSFET on a (110)-oriented surface. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the current drivability of an accumulation-mode FD-SOI p-MOSFET fabricated on Si(110) is also 3 times larger than that of a conventional FD-SOI pMOS formed on a Si(100) surface.
A Bicistronic Subgenomic mRNA Encodes both the ORF2 and ORF3 Proteins of Hepatitis E Virus (2006)

Hepatitis E virus replicons containing the neomycin resistance gene expressed from open reading frames (ORFs) 2 and 3 were transfected into Huh-7 cells, and stable cell lines containing functional replicons were selected by constant exposure to G418 sulfate. Northern blot analyses detected full-length replicon RNA and a single subgenomic RNA. This subgenomic RNA, which was capped, initiated at nucleotide 5122 downstream of the first two methionine codons in ORF3 and was bicistronic; two closely spaced methionine codons in different reading frames were used for the initiation of ORF3 and ORF2 translation.
Availability of Chemically Modified Wheat Straw Application on Oil Spill Clean up (2011)

In many countries, wheat straw is an abundant byproduct from wheat production in farming, only a minor portion of the straw is reserved as fuel, or raw materials for industry. In order to make good use of wheat straw, a series of materials based them are prepared by acylation grafting with propionic anhydride in a solvent-free system. The capability of the grafted straw to absorb oil from aqueous solution was studied and compared with the raw straw. It is found that wheat straw is more effectively at absorbing oil after chemically modification than the raw one in 15 minutes. And the grafted material is significantly more hydrophobic than the raw wheat straws. Characterization of chemically modified straw was performed by SEM, XRD.
SPIKE: best practice generation for storage area networks (2007)

This paper presents SPIKE, an automated algorithm to generate best practices by analyzing Storage Area Network (SAN) configuration errors. Best practices are a useful tool in problem diagnosis as most configuration problems are caused by the violation of best practices in the storage network domain. However, the manual generation of best practices is tedious, error-prone and costly in terms of time and manpower. SPIKE uses a combination of information-retrieval principles, entity ranking and decision-tree classification to statistically infer the best practices for the prevention of SAN configuration problems. Preliminary results from an initial implementation of SPIKE indicate speed and accuracy improvements over manually generating best practices.
Experimental study of three shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions (1987)

Experiments were performed to investigate the supersonic flow of a turbulent boundary layer over a number of compression-corner models. Upstream of each corner, the free-stream Mach number was 2.9 and the incoming boundary layer was typical of a two-dimensional, zero-pressure-gradient, high-Reynolds-number flow. Three different corner angles were used, namely 8°, 16° and 20°, and at the highest angle the interaction was strong enough to cause separation. Each flow was investigated using normal and inclined hot wires, and measurements of the longitudinal mass-flux fluctuations and the mass-weighted turbulent shear stress are presented. The behaviour of the kinematic and Reynolds stresses, deduced from the mass-weighted quantities by applying Morkovin's ‘strong Reynolds analogy’, is also considered. In all three flow cases, the interaction dramatically amplifies the turbulent stresses, and the amplification increases with increasing turning angle. Different stress components are amplified by different amounts, however, and the structure parameter $-\overline{u^{\prime}v^{\prime}}/\overline{u^{\prime 2}}$ changes significantly through the interaction. Perhaps more importantly, the nature of these changes depends on the strength of the interaction. This result is rather unexpected, and it is believed to be due mainly to the unsteadiness of the shock system. It is suggested that the apparently random motion of the shock system affects the normal stresses more than the shearing stresses, and, since the unsteadiness increases with corner angle, the effect on the turbulence structure also becomes more pronounced.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Acyl Derivatives of 3-Aminonaphtho[2,3-<i>b</i>]thiophene-4,9-dione, a Quinone-Based System (2011)

A series of 3-acyl derivatives of the dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]thiophen-4,9-dione system were studied with respect to cytotoxicity and topoisomerase II inhibitory activity. These analogues were designed as electron-deficient anthraquinone analogues with potential intercalation ability. Derivatives 3-(diethylamino)-N-(4,9-dioxo-4,9-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]thiophen-3-yl)propanamide (11m) and 3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino)-N-(4,9-dioxo-4,9-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]thiophen-3-yl)propanamide (11p) showed a high efficacy in cell lines that were highly resistant to treatment with doxorubicin, such as MDA-MB435 (melanoma), IGROV (ovarian), and SF-295 (glioblastoma) human cell lines. Both compounds inhibit topoisomerase II mediated relaxation of DNA, while only 11p incites arrest at the S phase in Caco-2 cells, inducing a delay of cell cycle progression and an increase of cell differentiation. The ability of these derivatives to modulate small heat shock proteins and cardiotoxicy effects was also explored. In addition, the DNA-binding properties of these compounds were investigated and discussed.
Soft Contextual Data Augmentation for Neural Machine Translation (2019)

While data augmentation is an important trick to boost the accuracy of deep learning methods in computer vision tasks, its study in natural language tasks is still very limited. In this paper, we present a novel data augmentation method for neural machine translation. Different from previous augmentation methods that randomly drop, swap or replace words with other words in a sentence, we softly augment a randomly chosen word in a sentence by its contextual mixture of multiple related words. More accurately, we replace the one-hot representation of a word by a distribution (provided by a language model) over the vocabulary, i.e., replacing the embedding of this word by a weighted combination of multiple semantically similar words. Since the weights of those words depend on the contextual information of the word to be replaced, the newly generated sentences capture much richer information than previous augmentation methods. Experimental results on both small scale and large scale machine translation datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method over strong baselines.
Enhancement of Heat and Mass Transfer in Mechanically Contstrained Ultra Thin Films (2005)

Oregon State University (OSU) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy to conduct research focused on resolving the key technical issues that limited the deployment of efficient and extremely compact microtechnology based heat actuated absorption heat pumps and gas absorbers. Success in demonstrating these technologies will reduce the main barriers to the deployment of a technology that can significantly reduce energy consumption in the building, automotive and industrial sectors while providing a technology that can improve our ability to sequester CO{sub 2}. The proposed research cost $939,477. $539,477 of the proposed amount funded research conducted at OSU while the balance ($400,000) was used at PNNL. The project lasted 42 months and started in April 2001. Recent developments at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Oregon State University suggest that the performance of absorption and desorption systems can be significantly enhanced by the use of an ultra-thin film gas/liquid contactor. This device employs microtechnology-based structures to mechanically constrain the gas/liquid interface. This technology can be used to form very thin liquid films with a film thickness less then 100 microns while still allowing gas/liquid contact. When the resistance to mass transfer in gas desorption and absorption is dominated by diffusion in the liquid phase the use of extremely thin films (<100 microns) for desorption and absorption can radically reduce the size of a gas desorber or absorber. The development of compact absorbers and desorbers enables the deployment of small heat-actuated absorption heat pumps for distributed space heating and cooling applications, heat-actuated automotive air conditioning, manportable cooling, gas absorption units for the chemical process industry and the development of high capacity CO{sub 2} absorption devices for CO{sub 2} collection and sequestration. The energy potential energy savings associated with these technologies is estimated to ultimately be 2.88 quads per year. It has become clear that commercial application of these technologies depends on a deeper understanding of the thermal phenomena encountered in a mechanically constrained ultra-thin film device. Our lack of understanding is currently limiting both the performance of these devices and the potential for further size reductions. Barriers to successful commercial applications of the mechanically-constrained ultra-thin film contactors include poorly understood single and two phase flow phenomena in the thin film, the need for improved micromachined contactors and a poor understanding of the phenomena effecting the dimensional stability of the thin film. The research included in this proposal is focused on research associated with resolving and removing these technical barriers to commercialization. The results of the research will significantly advance the prospects for the commercialization of the whole range to technologies that depend on improved gas/liquid contacting.
All-refractory GaAs FET using amorphous TiWSi/sub x/ source/drain metallization and graded-In/sub x/Ga/sub 1/spl minus/x/As layers (1994)

We report on the fabrication of an all-refractory GaAs field-effect transistor having non-alloyed source and drain ohmic contacts and a TiW/Au refractory gate metallization. The ohmic contacts consist of amorphous TiWSi/sub x/ metallization and intervening graded InGaAs layers grown by low pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (LPOMVPE). The amorphous TiWSi/sub x/, is formed using alternating layers of TiW(10 /spl Aring/) and Si(1.5 /spl Aring/) deposited by an RF magnetron sputtering technique. The resulting all-refractory FET devices exhibited excellent dc transistor characteristics with measured transconductance of 140 mS/mm. The dc performance of these devices was comparable to conventional devices with AuGe/Ni/Au contacts fabricated using similar material structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ballistic aerosol marking (2013)

Ballistic Aerosol Marking (BAM) is a radically new printing concept that combines the simplicity of a direct marking technique such as inkjet printing with the quality and color range/stability of Xerography. This is achieved by using high-speed gas jets as the transport fluid and Xerographic toner particles as the marking material. In this paper we will provide an introduction into this novel concept, discuss design considerations from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and electrostatics simulations, and show some proof-of-concept results from single channel experiments.
Accounting and Information Systems (1987)

Part 1 Overview of systems and internal control: the accounting system internal control in manual accounting systems approaches to business data processing internal control in a computer environment. Part 2 Technical aspects of accounting information systems: data files and databases relational databases and structured query language data communication and networks decision support systems and expert systems. Part 3 Computer applications: overview of computer-based information systems cash receipts and disbursements systems sales and purchases systems financial and managerial accounting systems microcomputer-based accounting information systems. Part 4 Systems development cycle: overview of systems developments systems analysis and design systems implementation and explanation EDP auditing.
Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Vitamin K Derivatives Yields Highly Potent Neuroprotective Agents (2013)

Historically known for its role in blood coagulation and bone formation, vitamin K (VK) has begun to emerge as an important nutrient for brain function. While VK involvement in the brain has not been fully explored, it is well-known that oxidative stress plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases. It was recently reported that VK protects neurons and oligodendrocytes from oxidative injury and rescues Drosophila from mitochondrial defects associated with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we take a chemical approach to define the optimal and minimum pharmacophore responsible for the neuroprotective effects of VK. In doing so, we have developed a series of potent VK analogues with favorable drug characteristics that provide full protection at nanomolar concentrations in a well-defined model of neuronal oxidative stress. Additionally, we have characterized key cellular responses and biomarkers consistent with the compounds' ability to rescue cells from oxidative stress induced cell death.
Virtual projection (2012)

Handheld optical projectors provide a simple way to overcome the limited screen real-estate on mobile devices. We present virtual projection (VP), an interaction metaphor inspired by how we intuitively control the position, size, and orientation of a handheld optical projector's image. VP is based on tracking a handheld device without an optical projector and allows selecting a target display on which to position, scale, and orient an item in a single gesture. By relaxing the optical projection metaphor, we can deviate from modeling perspective projection, for example, to constrain scale or orientation, create multiple copies, or offset the image. VP also supports dynamic filtering based on the projection frustum, creating overview and detail applications, and selecting portions of a larger display for zooming and panning. We show exemplary use cases implemented using our optical feature-tracking framework and present the results of a user study demonstrating the effectiveness of VP in complex interactions with large displays.
Assessment of Body Composition Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2007)

The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in drastic changes to life worldwide. In Spain, the state of alarm caused the confinement of 47 million inhabitants, affecting every aspect of life. This study analyzes the impact of such confinement on the health of men and women, as well as the effect on the practice of physical activity (PA) of both genders. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered. A total of 1046 people (48.57% men and 51.43% women) with an average age of 40 years (SD ± 13.35) participated in this study. For both genders, there was a significant decrease in quantity and intensity (p = 0.000). There was also an alteration in the type of PA practiced, shifting from cardiorespiratory exercise and muscular fitness to flexibility and neuromotor exercise (especially in women). The most popular way of practicing PA during the confinement was "autonomously" (statistically higher in men (M = 3.58) compared to women (M = 3.18)) and the most frequent format was "virtual" (statistically higher in women (M = 2.81) compared to men (M = 1.94)). Confinement modifies the habits of PA practice, especially in men. Both genders put their health and quality of life at risk by not following the PA guidelines of the health authorities World Health Organization (WHO) and American College of Sports Medicine ACSM). These conclusions highlight the importance of considering gender when designing programs and PA formats for the promotion of physical activity to reduce the existing gender divide.
A Stronger Bicortical Sacral Pedicle Screw Fixation Through The S1 Endplate (2005)

In sacral pedicle screw fixation, screw trajectory through the S1 endplate was significantly stronger than screws penetrating the anterior sacral cortex. Insertion torque was a good intraoperative indicator of screw pull-out force after cyclic loading.
Fabrication of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Films Using Roll-to-Roll Process (2004)

In this research, we fabricated thin films deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films by a layer-by-layer self-assembly method using a roll-to-roll process and measured the morphology and transmittance of the thin films using atomic force microscopy (AFM) (nanoscope IIIa, Digital Instruments) and UV-vis spectroscopy (Filmetrics, Inc). The thin films consisting of poly(allylamine hydrochloride), (PAH) adjusted to pH 7.5 and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) adjusted to pH 3.5 showed a textured structure on moving film substrates. From these results, we found that polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) thin films showing similar to those structures of the films fabricated using a conventional dipping process were successfully assembled via the roll-to-roll process. We consider that this roll-to-roll process is suitable for fabricating large-area thin films.
Fabrication and wafer testing of barber-pole and exchange-biased narrow-track MR sensors (1982)

We have designed, fabricated and tested 10μm × 15μm barber-pole biased unshielded MR sensors. Results show that strong domain activities, inherent in these small elements, produce noisy MR responses without any observable biasing effects. Furthermore, we found that these domains, caused by magnetostatic effects, can be suppressed by applying an adequate longitudinal bias field. These findings lead to the fabrication of MR sensors with longitudinal exchange-biasing and transverse barber-pole biasing. These sensors produce quiet and strongly biased MR responses.