gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of viscous forces on three-phase relative permeability (1989)

The overall objective of Three-Phase Relative Permeability Project (BE9) is to develop guidelines for improving the accuracy of three-phase relative permeability determinations. This report summarizes previous studies and explains the progress made at NIPER on studying the effect of variations in viscous forces on three-phase relative permeabilities by changing the viscosity of both wetting and nonwetting phases. Significant changes were observed due to viscosity variations. An increase in oil viscosity reduced the relative permeability to gas; an increase in brine/(wetting-phase) viscosity reduced the relative permeability to brine. A slight increase in gas relative permeability was also observed. These observations suggest that the viscosities of both oil and water influence three-phase permeability data. During this study, data scatter was sometimes encountered which was comparable to that of published results. The causes of this scatter are outlined in this report and remedial attempts are discussed. 20 refs., 16 figs., 5 tabs.
Novel Mode of Ligand Recognition by the Erbin PDZ Domain (2003)

Erbin contains a class I PDZ domain that binds to the C-terminal region of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, a class II ligand. The crystal structure of the human Erbin PDZ bound to the peptide EYLGLDVPV corresponding to the C-terminal residues 1247-1255 of human ErbB2 has been determined at 1.25-A resolution. The Erbin PDZ deviates from the canonical PDZ fold in that it contains a single alpha-helix. The isopropyl group of valine at position -2 of the ErbB2 peptide interacts with the Erbin Val(1351) and displaces the peptide backbone away from the alpha-helix, elucidating the molecular basis of class II ligand recognition by a class I PDZ domain. Strikingly, the phenolic ring of tyrosine -7 enters into a pocket formed by the extended beta 2-beta 3 loop of the Erbin PDZ. Phosphorylation of tyrosine -7 abolishes this interaction but does not affect the binding of the four C-terminal peptidic residues to PDZ, as revealed by the crystal structure of the Erbin PDZ complexed with a phosphotyrosine-containing ErbB2 peptide. Since phosphorylation of tyrosine -7 plays a critical role in ErbB2 function, the selective binding and sequestration of this residue in its unphosphorylated state by the Erbin PDZ provides a novel mechanism for regulation of the ErbB2-mediated signaling and oncogenicity.
The cardioprotective diet - carbohydrates versus fat : editorial (2015)

The global burdens of cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus continue to rise in both developed and developing countries. Much of these burdens are preventable as they are the result of sub-optimal lifestyle, which includes poor diet, excess calorie intake, physical inactivity and cigarette smoking.
Laser Wakefield Excitation and Measurement by Femtosecond Longitudinal Interferometry (1996)

Plasma density oscillations (Langmuir waves) in the wake of an intense ( ${I}_{\mathrm{peak}}\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) laser pulse (100 fs) are measured with ultrafast time resolution using a longitudinal interferometric technique. Phase shifts consistent with large amplitude ( $\ensuremath{\delta}{n}_{e}/{n}_{e}\ensuremath{\sim}1$) density waves at the electron plasma frequency were observed in a fully tunnel-ionized He plasma, corresponding to longitudinal electric fields of $\ensuremath{\sim}10\mathrm{GV}/\mathrm{m}$. Strong radial ponderomotive forces enhance the density oscillations.
Layout Methodology Impact of Resolution Enhancement Techniques (2009)

This paper introduces resolution enhancement techniques (RET), discusses the impact that RET have on the physical design and chip layout flow, and proposes two alternative future methodologies.
Proposal of motion model around roll axis and posture stabilization control for personal mobility with leaning mechanism (2015)

The various kinds of the electric personal mobility, which is one or two-seater, are being developed all over the world. These mobilities are applied into the substantiative experiment held in the several cities in order to investigate the effectiveness and popularity. The main specification of the personal mobility is the small footprint to reduce the parking space and alleviate traffic jam. However, the small footprint causes the deterioration of the posture stabilization. The authors are developing the personal mobility, which has a lean actuator to tilt the upper body for keeping the posture stabilization not only during turning motion but also on the uneven road surface. In this paper, the motion model considering yaw motion around roll axis is derived. In addition, the posture control method based on the motion model is proposed to realize the desired roll angle, which ensures the required range of the zero moment point. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by the experiments using a prototype.
Characterization of the Hyperphagic Response to Dietary Fat in the MC4R Knockout Mouse (2011)

Defective melanocortin signaling causes hyperphagic obesity in humans and the melanocortin-4 receptor knockout mouse (MC4R(-/-)). The human disease most commonly presents, however, as haploinsufficiency of the MC4R. This study validates the MC4R(+/-) mouse as a model of the human disease in that, like the MC4R(-/-), the MC4R(+/-) mouse also exhibits a sustained hyperphagic response to dietary fat. Furthermore, both saturated and monounsaturated fats elicit this response. N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) is a signaling lipid induced after several hours of high-fat feeding, that, if dysregulated, might explain the feeding behavior in melanocortin obesity syndrome. Remarkably, however, MC4R(-/-) mice produce elevated levels of NAPE and are fully responsive to the anorexigenic activity of NAPE and oleoylethanolamide. Interestingly, additional differences in N-acylethanolamine (NAE) biochemistry were seen in MC4R(-/-) animals, including reduced plasma NAE levels and elevated hypothalamic levels of fatty acid amide hydrolase expression. Thus, while reduced expression of NAPE or NAE does not explain the high-fat hyperphagia in the melanocortin obesity syndrome, alterations in this family of signaling lipids are evident. Analysis of the microstructure of feeding behavior in response to dietary fat in the MC4R(-/-) and MC4R(+/-) mice indicates that the high-fat hyperphagia involves defective satiation and an increased rate of food intake, suggesting defective satiety signaling and enhanced reward value of dietary fat.
Production of D-phenylglycine from racemic (D,L)-phenylglycine via isoelectrically-trapped penicillin G acylase (1998)

Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is exploited for producing pure D-phenylglycine from a racemate mixture, via an acylation reaction onto a cosubstrate, the ester methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetate. The reaction, when carried in a batch, is severely hampered by the reverse process, by which the product, 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl-(L)phenyl glycine, upon consumption of L-phenylglycine, is converted by the enzyme back into free substrate and 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid via lysis of the amido bond. To prevent this noxious reaction, a multicompartment electrolyzer with isoelectric membranes (MIER) is used as enzyme reactor, operating in an electric field. PGA is trapped between pI 5.5 and pI 10.5 membranes, together with an amphoteric, isoelectric buffer (lysine). As the 4-hydroxyphenylacetyl-(L)phenyl glycine product is formed, it vacates the reaction chamber by electrophoretic transport and is collected close to the anode, in a chamber delimited by pI 2.5 and 4.0 membranes. The same fate occurs to the free acid 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, formed upon spontaneous (and enzyme-driven) hydrolysis of the methyl ester in the reaction chamber. These combined processes leave behind, in the enzyme reaction chamber, the desired product, pure D-phenylglycine. The advantages of the MIER reactor over batch operations: the consumption of the L-form in the racemate is driven to completion and the enzyme is kept in a highly stable form, maintaining 100% activity after one day of operation, during which time the PGA enzyme, in the batch reactor, has already lost >75% catalytic activity.
Role of the Zn2+ Motif of E1 in SUMO Adenylation (2010)

Post-translational modifications by ubiquitin-like proteins are among the most important mechanisms for regulating a wide variety of cellular functions. In these modifications an E1 enzyme activates each ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) by adenylation of the Ubl C-terminal COOH group and then forms a thioester bond with the adenylated C-terminal COOH group of the Ubl. Previous x-ray crystallography studies revealed a conserved zinc motif in the SUMO and NEDD8 E1; however, the function of this Zn(2+) motif is unclear. In this study, using quantitative ATP:PPi isotope exchange assays in combination with site-directed mutagenesis, we show that the conserved Zn(2+) motif in the SUMO E1 is important for SUMO adenylation and is critical for the E1 pseudo-ordered substrate binding mechanism. Furthermore, Zn(2+) motif mutants showed significantly reduced k(cat) values for ATP:PPi isotope exchange assays, suggesting that the Zn(2+) motif is important in binding and preventing SUMO adenylate from dissociating from E1 before formation of the thioester conjugate. Because the Zn(2+) motif is located in a cross-over loop that is known to have conformational flexibility, the results described here suggest that this cross-over loop interacts with Ubl in the multistep, dynamic process of Ubl activation by E1s.
Definitions, Epidemiology and Pathophysiology (2011)

Despite significant progress in the understanding and treatment of sepsis, it continues to be a major health problem in United States and around the world. Sepsis accounted for nearly 4,500 deaths (mortality rate 10%) and approximately $2 billion per year in healthcare expenditures in the U.S. alone. In this review, we will revisit the definitions of pediatric sepsis and discuss the epidemiology of sepsis in the United States. During inflammatory states, the vascular endothelium plays a crucial role in modulating the host immune response and regulates the levels of coagulation, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the blood. We review the role of endothelium in nitric oxide generation and activation of the coagulation cascade. Studies in critically ill patients and animal models have shown that increased apoptosis or "programmed cell death" of lymphoid organs contributes to immune suppression, anergy, and organ system dysfunction. In this chapter, we outline both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that lead to apoptosis.
The melodic structures of music and speech: Applications and dimensions of the implication—realization model (1991)

The implication-realization model is a parsimonious, partly formalized hypothetical theory that relies on current psychological research concerned with the real-time perception and cognition of melodic syntax (Narmour, 1977, 1989, 1990, 1991). The rationalistic, bottom-up rules of the theory, which operate on scaled parametric primitives and constrain a highly generalized system of analytical symbols, are context-free, relevant to all styles of melody. In complement, the empirical, top-down rules of the theory, which invoke representative style structures, are context-dependent.
Plasma gelsolin as a biomarker of inflammation (2008)

The prognostic implications of declining plasma gelsolin levels have been documented after a diverse variety of acute insults. Because gelsolin concentrations fall prior to the development of complications, a pathophysiological role for gelsolin depletion has been postulated in delayed multiorgan failure. The original hypothesis about the function of circulating gelsolin was that it scavenged actin released from cells at the site of injury. Although extracellular actin may be the primary cause of gelsolin depletion, the biologic imperative for gelsolin could entail the modulation of several inflammatory mediators as much as the disposal of actin. Translational research is actively addressing whether replenishment of plasma gelsolin could provide an efficacious and well tolerated therapeutic intervention in selected seriously ill patients.
Phase I trial of two schedules of vincristine, oral irinotecan, and temozolomide (VOIT) for children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors: A Children's Oncology Group phase I consortium study (2010)

The 5-day schedule of VOIT was well tolerated and provided SN-38 exposures similar to those achieved with intravenous IRN. Activity on this and prior studies suggests a potential role for VOIT in a spectrum of childhood solid tumors.
High bandwidth absorption spectroscopy with a dispersed supercontinuum source (2007)

An optical gas sensor is presented, making use of a dispersed supercontinuum source, capable of acquiring broad bandwidth spectra at ultrahigh wavelength sweep and repetition rates. Wavelength sweeps from 1100 nm to 1700 nm can be performed in 800 ns at a spectral resolution of 40 pm. This is comparable to line-widths of molecular spectra at atmospheric pressure. Quantitative measurements are presented of CH(4) employing 80 nm wide sweeps over the P- Q- and R-branches of the 2nu(3) transition near 1665 nm, at rates exceeding 100 kHz. The effective acquisition rate is determined by the amount of averaging required, and the effect of this averaging on observed precision is investigated.
A Vertically Integrated Solar‐Powered Electrochromic Window for Energy Efficient Buildings (2014)

A solution-processed self-powered polymer electrochromic/photovoltaic (EC/PV) device is realized by vertically integrating two transparent PV cells with an ECD. The EC/PV cell is a net energy positive dual functional device, which can be reversibly switched between transparent and colored states by PV cells for regulating incoming sunlight through windows. The two PV cells can individually, or in pairs, generate electricity.
Fiber optical temperature compensated anemometer based on dual Fabry-Perot sensors with sealed cavity (2019)

A fiber optical anemometer using dual Fabry-Perot sensors with sealed cavity is proposed for high-speed airflow measurement. The airflow velocity is measured based on principle of differential pressure, and temperature compensation is realized by reference F-P sensor to improve measurement accuracy and environmental adaptability. The location of dual F-P sensors in the airflow field and quadratic functional relation between differential pressure and airflow velocity are obtained by the simulation of turbulence model. F-P sensors in this experiment can be employed to measure pressure from 100kPa to 107kPa and temperature from 5°C to 50°C. The full-scale error of F-P sensors is less than 0.53% by calibration. It is demonstrated experimentally this fiber optical anemometer is qualified for measuring air velocity in the range of 7.9-81m/s with velocity error less than 0.69%. The device has the potential to measure high speed airflow in various applications.
In Vivo Imaging, Tracking, and Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells (2009)

Our results demonstrate that reduced 26S proteasome activity is a general feature of CICs that can easily be exploited to identify, track, and target them in vitro and in vivo.
Targeting Adenosine in Cancer Immunotherapy to Enhance T-Cell Function (2019)

T cells play a critical role in cancer control, but a range of potent immunosuppressive mechanisms can be upregulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to abrogate their activity. While various immunotherapies (IMTs) aiming at re-invigorating the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor response, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of natural or gene-engineered <i>ex vivo</i> expanded tumor-specific T cells, have led to unprecedented clinical responses, only a small proportion of cancer patients benefit from these treatments. Important research efforts are thus underway to identify biomarkers of response, as well as to develop personalized combinatorial approaches that can target other inhibitory mechanisms at play in the TME. In recent years, adenosinergic signaling has emerged as a powerful immuno-metabolic checkpoint in tumors. Like several other barriers in the TME, such as the PD-1/PDL-1 axis, CTLA-4, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), adenosine plays important physiologic roles, but has been co-opted by tumors to promote their growth and impair immunity. Several agents counteracting the adenosine axis have been developed, and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated important anti-tumor activity, alone and in combination with other IMTs including ICB and ACT. Here we review the regulation of adenosine levels and mechanisms by which it promotes tumor growth and broadly suppresses protective immunity, with extra focus on the attenuation of T cell function. Finally, we present an overview of promising pre-clinical and clinical approaches being explored for blocking the adenosine axis for enhanced control of solid tumors.
Nucleic Acid‐Modified Nanostructures as Programmable Atom Equivalents: Forging a New “Table of Elements” (2013)

A nanoparticle-based analogue to the Periodic Table of the elements, where rather than arranging entries by electronic configuration, they are arranged by nanoscale architectural feature (e.g., composition, size, shape, and surface functionality). Using this table as a guide, the design considerations associated with using nucleic acids to assemble these nanoparticle-based programmable atom equivalents (PAEs) into superlattices is discussed.
Newly Recognized Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Roles in Cardiovascular and Renal Regulation (2003)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a coordinated hormonal cascade in the control of cardiovascular, renal, and adrenal function that governs body fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as arterial pressure. The classical RAS consists of a circulating endocrine system in which the principal effector hormone is angiotensin (ANG) II. ANG is produced by the action of renin on angiotensinogen to form ANG I and its subsequent conversion to the biologically active octapeptide by ANG-converting enzyme. ANG II actions are mediated via the ANG type 1 receptor. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the components and actions of the RAS, including local tissue RASs, a renin receptor, ANG-converting enzyme-2, ANG (1-7), the function of the ANG type 2 receptor, and ANG receptor heterodimerization. The role of the RAS in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function is reviewed and discussed in light of these newly recognized components.
MTCP: scalable TCP-like congestion control for reliable multicast (1999)

We present MTCT, a congestion control scheme for large-scale reliable multicast. Congestion control for reliable multicast is important because of its wide applications in multimedia and collaborative computing, yet nontrivial, because of the potentially large number of receivers involved. Many schemes have been proposed to handle the recovery of lost packets in a scalable manner; but there is little work on the design and implementation of congestion control schemes for reliable multicast. We propose new techniques that can effectively handle instances of congestion occurring simultaneously at various parts of a multicast tree. Our protocol incorporates several novel features: (1) hierarchical congestion status reports that distribute the load of processing feedback from all receivers across the multicast group, (2) the relative time delay (RTD) concept which overcomes the difficulty of estimating round-trip times in tree-based multicast environments, (3) window-based control that prevents the sender from transmitting faster than packets leave the bottleneck link an the multicast path through which the sender's traffic flows, (4) a retransmission window that regulates the flow of repair packets to prevent local recovery from causing congestion, and (5) a selective acknowledgment scheme that prevents independent (i.e., non-congestion-related) packet loss from reducing the sender's transmission rate. We have implemented MTCP both on UDP in SunOS 5.6 and on the simulator ns, and we have conducted extensive Internet experiments and simulation to test the scalability and inter-fairness properties of the protocol. The encouraging results we have obtained support our confidence that TCP-like congestion control for large-scale reliable multicast is within our grasp.
Chemical cytometry on a picoliter-scale integrated microfluidic chip (2004)

An integrated microfluidic device has been fabricated for analyzing the chemical contents of a single cell (chemical cytometry). The device is designed to accomplish four different functions: (i) cell handling, (ii) metering and delivering of chemical reagents, (iii) cell lysis and chemical derivatization, and (iv) separating derivatized compounds and detecting them by laser-induced fluorescence. These functions are accomplished with only two valves, formed by multilayer soft lithography. A new kind of three-state valve and a picopipette are described; these elements are crucial for minimizing the reaction volume and ensuring optimal shape of the channel for electrophoresis injection. By using these valves, a reaction volume of approximately 70 pl is achieved for the lysis and derivitization of the contents of a single Jurkat T cell (approximately 10 microm diameter). As a demonstration of the use of this integrated microfluidic device, electropherograms of amino acids from individual Jurkat T cells are recorded and compared with those collected from a multiple-cell homogenate.
Charging system and method for multicell storage batteries (2023)

A battery-charging system includes a first charging circuit connected in series with a plurality of battery cells for controlled current charging. A second charging circuit applies a controlled voltage across each individual cell for equalization of the cells to the fully charged condition. This controlled voltage is determined at a level above the fully charged open-circuit voltage but at a sufficiently low level to prevent corrosion of cell components by electrochemical reaction. In this second circuit for cell equalization, a transformer primary receives closely regulated, square-wave voltage which is coupled to a plurality of equal secondary coil windings. Each secondary winding is connected in parallel to each cell of a series-connected pair of cells through half-wave rectifiers and a shared, intermediate conductor.