gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Multitone photonic oscillator</title> (2001)

A photonic oscillator that can generate multi-tone oscillations in both the RF and optical domains is demonstrated. The oscillator consists of a simple closed optoelectronic loop comprising a CW laser source, an optical modulator, a photodetector, a low noise electrical amplifier, an electrical bandpass filter and single or multiple optical delay elements. Multi-tone oscillations with independent control of tone spacing and phase noise is demonstrated using two optical fiber delay lines as optical delay elements. The phase noise of the oscillator is systematically measured as a function of its parameters such as the photodetector current, the amplifier gain and oscillation frequency. Phase noise values better than -125 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency are measured at various combinations of the above parameters. Multi-tone photonic oscillators using Mach-Zender or electroabsorption modulators are theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated with the relative merits compared.
Rate-Compatible Polar Codes for Wireless Channels (2015)

A design of rate-compatible polar codes suitable for HARQ communications is proposed in this paper. An important feature of the proposed design is that the puncturing order is chosen with low complexity on a base code of short length, which is then further polarized to the desired length. A practical rate-matching system that has the flexibility to choose any desired rate through puncturing or repetition while preserving the polarization is suggested. The proposed rate-matching system is combined with channel interleaving and a bit-mapping procedure that preserves the polarization of the rate-compatible polar code family over bit-interleaved coded modulation systems. Simulation results on AWGN and fast fading channels with different modulation orders show the robustness of the proposed rate-compatible polar code in both Chase combining and incremental redundancy HARQ communications.
FreqLeak: A frequency step based method for efficient leakage power characterization in a system (2015)

Accurate estimation of leakage power at runtime requires post-silicon power measurements across a wide range of temperature and voltage conditions. Testing individual chips, especially at high-temperature corner conditions, is expensive in cost and time. We examine this problem in an industrial context and introduce FreqLeak, a frequency step based method for inexpensive and efficient leakage power characterization in a system. It enables a more thorough characterization than can be accomplished on a wafer prober alone due to time and equipment costs. Experimental evaluation on IBM POWER8 based systems demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed method, within an error of 5%. Further, we discuss the application of FreqLeak in system level power management.
Interactive Program Synthesis (2017)

Program synthesis from incomplete specifications (e.g. input-output examples) has gained popularity and found real-world applications, primarily due to its ease-of-use. Since this technology is often used in an interactive setting, efficiency and correctness are often the key user expectations from a system based on such technologies. Ensuring efficiency is challenging since the highly combinatorial nature of program synthesis algorithms does not fit in a 1-2 second response expectation of a user-facing system. Meeting correctness expectations is also difficult, given that the specifications provided are incomplete, and that the users of such systems are typically non-programmers. In this paper, we describe how interactivity can be leveraged to develop efficient synthesis algorithms, as well as to decrease the cognitive burden that a user endures trying to ensure that the system produces the desired program. We build a formal model of user interaction along three dimensions: incremental algorithm, step-based problem formulation, and feedback-based intent refinement. We then illustrate the effectiveness of each of these forms of interactivity with respect to synthesis performance and correctness on a set of real-world case studies.
The Use of Bovine Serum Protein as an Oral Support Therapy Following Coronavirus Challenge in Calves (2002)

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a supplemental bovine serum protein blend fed to calves challenged with virulent coronavirus. Twelve Holstein bull calves (approximately 3 wk of age) were allocated by initial body weight to Control (n = 5) and treated (n = 7) groups. On d 0, all calves were orally challenged with 1 x 10(7) plaque-forming units of virulent coronavirus isolate. Infection was allowed to progress for 24 h before treatment was started. On d 1, treated calves began receiving 160 g of dry bovine serum powder (16 g IgG) mixed into milk replacer powder (67 g) at both an a.m. and p.m. feeding. Control calves received only milk replacer powder (227 g) at both feedings. Response to coronavirus challenge and dietary treatment was monitored prior to a.m. and p.m. feeding by the collection of multiple clinical measures. Fecal consistency was decreased by coronavirus challenge but was not affected by dietary treatment. Mean daily rectal temperature and heart rate were not affected by dietary treatment. Average packed cell volume was higher in treated calves than in control (35.0 and 27.0%). Coronavirus challenge resulted in an immediate increase in respiration rate, decreasing by d 7. Control calves tended to have a greater average respiration rate compared with treated (28.7 vs. 26.8 breaths/min). Treated calves had a higher average feed intake than control (0.57 vs. 0.44 kg/d). These data suggest that bovine-serum supplemented milk replacer may decrease the severity of disease in young calves exposed to coronavirus.
Bioluminesence in Toxicity Testing (1995)

Abstract Environmental toxicologists are groping for a “universal” bioassay. Most existing bioassays are narrowly specific as to toxins, environments, or target bio-communities; they tend to be marginally sensitive, broadly interpretable, and highly variable; they are time-consuming and expensive; and they require cultures that are difficult to maintain. A novel, patented bioassay that measures toxic quenching of the natural bioluminescence of the microscopic marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis lunula so far has tested positive to all substances tested that are considered toxic and has generated neither false negatives nor positives. It is sensitive to parts per billion (ppb) concentrations; is precise, with a variability in the 10% range or less; takes as little as an hour; uses an easily cultured organism; is unaffected by a sample’s color or turbidity; and can test marine or terrestrial aqueous samples or sediments. It is a broad-spectrum test that has successfully detected and measured toxicity of mycotoxins, neurotoxins, metals, dispersants, anticancer drugs, antibiotics, herbicides, pesticides, seafloor sediments, the water column itself, drilling fluids, and produced waters. Research in conjunction with the United States Navy, Louisiana State University, and the United States Army led to the development of a hand-held, portably toxicity tester that uses the patented technology.
Understanding Reservoir Architecture Using Downhole Fluid Analysis And Asphaltene Science (2011)

Due to large capital investments in deep water drilling, completion and production, the recognition of reservoir complexity at an early stage is critical for economic field development process in such environments. High drilling and rig costs limit data acquisition available to understand these complexities. Consequently, optimization of data acquisition and maximal utilization of this data is required, particularly for assessment of compartments, connectivity and fluid gradients. Advanced downhole fluid analysis (DFA) performed by wireline formation testing tools provides real time quantitative measurement of variation in asphaltene content as manifested though fluorescence and fluid coloration. Gas-oil ratio (GOR), another key determinant in asphaltene stability and gradients, is also measured downhole with the DFA technique. Building on recent advances in asphaltene molecular and colloidal physics, a new asphaltene equation of state (EoS) can be used to model asphaltene gradients in crude oils in the same way that a traditional cubic EoS is used for modeling GOR gradients. In this paper, we demonstrate the relationship between asphaltene content and fluid coloration measured using DFA coupled with advanced EoS modeling. We analyze a deep water data set showing increases in asphaltenes content with depth due to destabilization resulting from secondary gas charging at the top of the column and a solid hydrocarbon/tar layers at the base. These seemingly contradictory observations are shown to follow from a new nanoscience model of asphaltenes. A simple model is proposed for this tar mat formation and consisting of 1) disequilibrium gas charging, 2) large disequilibrium gradients of asphaltene and GOR, 3) asphaltene instability in the oil, and 4) tar in the core. All four elements are illustrated here for the first time and have broad applicability. Likely compartmentalization will also be identified using DFA analysis and verified using lab data analysis, allowing integration into the reservoir modeling process.
Test data to reduce the complexity of unit test automation (2011)

In order to automatically test large and complex software systems, a well defined test process and a huge amount of test data are needed. When it comes to test automation, the quality of test data always plays a significant role by reducing the cost and the time required for the test activities. In this work, we follow the principle of "Quality of the test cases comes before Quantity" to show how the right selection of test data helps to address the goal of qualitative testing while optimizing the test effort needed.
Dual-mode bluetooth/wireless local area network channel-select filter for direct conversion receivers (2011)

System level analysis is used to extract various specifications of the channel select filter for integrated dual-mode CMOS bluetooth (BT)/wireless local area network (WLAN; IEEE 802.11b) receivers. A digitally programmable active-RC filter suitable for direct conversion topology is presented. Six-bit R-2R ladders are used to adjust the filter bandwidth with tuning resolution better than 1.56%. Experimental results obtained from 0.35 µm CMOS chips show that using a fourth-order filter satisfies the selectivity requirements of both applications. The filter exhibits spurious free dynamic range of 70.6 and 61.2 dB for BT and WLAN, respectively.
Synthesis of Oil-Laden Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogel Nanocapsules from Double Nanoemulsions (2017)

Multiple emulsions have received great interest due to their ability to be used as templates for the production of multicompartment particles for a variety of applications. However, scaling these complex droplets to nanoscale dimensions has been a challenge due to limitations on their fabrication methods. Here, we report the development of oil-in-water-in-oil (O<sub>1</sub>/W/O<sub>2</sub>) double nanoemulsions via a two-step high-energy method and their use as templates for complex nanogels comprised of inner oil droplets encapsulated within a hydrogel matrix. Using a combination of characterization methods, we determine how the properties of the nanogels are controlled by the size, stability, internal morphology, and chemical composition of the nanoemulsion templates from which they are formed. This allows for identification of compositional and emulsification parameters that can be used to optimize the size and oil encapsulation efficiency of the nanogels. Our templating method produces oil-laden nanogels with high oil encapsulation efficiencies and average diameters of 200-300 nm. In addition, we demonstrate the versatility of the system by varying the types of inner oil, the hydrogel chemistry, the amount of inner oil, and the hydrogel network cross-link density. These nontoxic oil-laden nanogels have potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations.
Continuous Flow through Peritoneal Dialysis (Cfpd): Comparison of Efficiency to Ipd, Tpd, and Capd in An Animal Model (1997)

When CFPD is performed with an appropriate intraperitoneal volume and flow, it is the most chemically effective method of peritoneal dialysis in removing small molecules like urea.
PD26-03 BEYOND THE PUMP: USE OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION TO ACTIVATE A PENILE PROSTHESIS (2015)

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction/Andrology: Surgical Therapy I1 Apr 2015PD26-03 BEYOND THE PUMP: USE OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION TO ACTIVATE A PENILE PROSTHESIS Alberto Colombo, Brian Le, and Kevin McVary Alberto ColomboAlberto Colombo More articles by this author , Brian LeBrian Le More articles by this author , and Kevin McVaryKevin McVary More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.1079AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Hydraulic inflatable penile prostheses require a pump mechanism and a reservoir system. A common challenge with the use of inflatable penile prostheses is difficulty manipulating the scrotal pump. We developed then tested a novel “pump-free” and “touchless” method of activating a non-hydraulic shape memory alloy (SMA) based penile prosthesis. Using a handheld external magnetic induction generator, we repeatedly activated SMA penile prostheses evaluating time to activation, temperature and force generated. METHODS Previously fabricated SMA penile prostheses of 22 cm in length with an austenitic activation temperature of 42°C were activated using a mini-ductor II (Induction Innovations, Inc) of 1000 watts and a coil of one inch diameter. Transition forces during inductive activation and resistance to buckling at full activation were measured using an Instron machine. RESULTS Using a handheld magnetic inductor, we were able to successfully activate the SMA penile prosthesis with no direct contact. The time necessary to reach a straight/erect conformation using a 1000 watt magnetic inductor was 120±4 seconds. The perpendicular force generated as it transitioned from the flaccid to erect configuration was 0.3±0.015 kgf. The in-axis force generated during transition was 0.95±0.042 kgf. The final temperature reached by the prosthesis at maximum force was 42±3°C. The fully activated device resisted buckling forces of 2.66 kgf±0.045. Due to the inductive nature of the heat transfer, no change in the time to reach the critical temperature was registered when the nitinol exoskeleton was covered with isolating materials such as silicon. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic induction is a valid method to activate a SMA penile prosthesis. This method circumvents many of the challenges associated with placement and manipulation of the pump and reservoir. The operating force parameters are consistent with current market devices. Future use of a variable power generator can improve response times. © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 193Issue 4SApril 2015Page: e566-e567 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Alberto Colombo More articles by this author Brian Le More articles by this author Kevin McVary More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Amplifier's predistortion-based linearizers for forward-channel link broadband applications (2002)

In this paper, an adaptive baseband/RF predistorter tracking the emerging technologies evolution of digital receivers is presented. The linearizer performs the extraction of the nonlinear time-variant behaviour of the PA to correlate the predistortion transfer functions and develop an adaptation algorithm performing a distortion level computation in time domain. CDMA standard signals applying different stress level on PA are used to evaluate the performance of the predistorter. The entire system is validated using DSP/RF co-simulation for a typical 44-dBm-class AB power amplifier. Results from different cases of standards signals reveal a significant reduction in effective output power back off (OBO).
The instrumented timed up and go test: potential outcome measure for disease modifying therapies in Parkinson's disease (2009)

The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test has been used to assess balance and mobility in Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, it is not known if this test is sensitive to subtle abnormalities present in early stages of the disease, when balance and gait problems are not clinically evident but may be detected with instrumented analysis of movement. We hypothesise that postural transitions and arm swing during gait will be the most sensitive characteristics of the TUG for early PD. In the present study, we instrumented the TUG test (iTUG) using portable inertial sensors, and extended the walking distance from 3 m (traditional TUG) to 7 m. Twelve subjects with early-to-moderate, untreated PD and 12 healthy individuals participated. Our findings show that although the stopwatch measure of TUG duration did not detect any abnormalities in early-to-mid-stage PD, the peak arm swing velocity on the more affected side, average turning velocity, cadence and peak trunk rotation velocity were significantly slower. These iTUG parameters were also correlated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Motor Scale. Thus, the iTUG test is sensitive to untreated PD and could potentially detect progression of PD and response to symptomatic and disease-modifying treatments.
<title>Multikilowatt supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser</title> (1995)

The Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) is an attractive candidate for easy power scaling at short wavelengths. High specific power output from supersonic operation leads to compact devices. The German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) has recently completed construction and assembly of a multikilowatt supersonic COIL and started experimental investigations at its Lampoldshausen rocket test site. The excited oxygen is produced by a rotating disk generator, provided by the Phillips Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM. Currently the laser is operated without a cold trap. After the injection of the iodine, the laser gas is expanded to an isotropical Mach number of 1.8 by a multi-element grid nozzle. At present, laser power is extracted with a single pass stable resonator located immediately after the nozzle exit plane. Pressure is recovered by a supersonic diffusor and a 3-stable pumping system.
An integrated approach for coal tailings management (2000)

Abstract A detailed study on an integrated process featuring three distinct mechanisms (i.e., hydrophobic extraction, coagulation and flocculation) is presented. In this process, fine coals in the tailings stream are extracted into a mineral oil by hydrophobic extraction, while coagulant and flocculant are used to aid effluent clarification by coagulation/flocculation. With a single stage process, a coal‐in‐oil mixture is produced as a potential fuel, while clarifying the water for recycling. The hydrophobicity of coal is found to be a key parameter in coal extraction. The addition of mineral oil prior to flocculant and coagulant, especially in the presence of fine clays, is beneficial for recovering weakly hydrophobic fine coals. Fine clays are found to stabilize coal‐rich oil droplets, reducing coal recovery. The presence of hydrophobic coal enhances droplet coalescence and improves process performance. In a case study using a tailings stream from OBED coal preparation plant, it was found that re‐grinding of original tailings is necessary to expose fresh hydrophobic surfaces. Applying this single stage unit operation to a tailings containing 52% ash, a combustible recovery greater than 85% in the form of coal‐in‐oil mixture at product ash content less than 14 wt% was achieved.
Polyamideimides Containing Carbonyl And Ether Linkages (1994)

Polyamideimides of new class contain carbonyl and ether connecting groups. New polyamideimides more easily processable, stronger in tension, and more resistant to solvents (including water) than conventional polyamideimides. Improvements in mechanical and chemical properties attributable to semicrystallinity introduced into otherwise amorphous polymers by incorporation of carbonyl and ether linkages.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated viral interference in plants (2015)

These data establish the efficacy of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for viral interference in plants, thereby extending the utility of this technology and opening the possibility of producing plants resistant to multiple viral infections.
Easily Regenerable Solid Adsorbents Based on Polyamines for Carbon Dioxide Capture from the Air (2014)

Adsorbents prepared easily by impregnation of fumed silica with polyethylenimine (PEI) are promising candidates for the capture of CO2 directly from the air. These inexpensive adsorbents have high CO2 adsorption capacity at ambient temperature and can be regenerated in repeated cycles under mild conditions. Despite the very low CO2 concentration, they are able to scrub efficiently all CO2 out of the air in the initial hours of the experiments. The influence of parameters such as PEI loading, adsorption and desorption temperature, particle size, and PEI molecular weight on the adsorption behavior were investigated. The mild regeneration temperatures required could allow the use of waste heat available in many industrial processes as well as solar heat. CO2 adsorption from the air has a number of applications. Removal of CO2 from a closed environment, such as a submarine or space vehicles, is essential for life support. The supply of CO2-free air is also critical for alkaline fuel cells and batteries. Direct air capture of CO2 could also help mitigate the rising concerns about atmospheric CO2 concentration and associated climatic changes, while, at the same time, provide the first step for an anthropogenic carbon cycle.
Non-destructive dispersion-zero measurements alongan opticalfibre (1995)

A non-destructive, four-photon-mixing-based technique to measure the dispersion zero at locations inside a spool of fibre is described. The technique achieved a position resolution of 1 km and a wavelength accuracy of ~0.2 nm.