gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldosterone Enhances Ligand-Stimulated Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial Cells (2008)

Chronic and acute actions of aldosterone have been shown recently to directly affect the cardiovascular system. However, it is unclear whether the acute effects of aldosterone on vasculature are constrictive or dilatory. Here, to clarify the nongenomic effects of aldosterone on endothelial function, we examined the effects of aldosterone on nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured endothelial cells (ECs) and on vascular tone. The intracellular NO production of bovine aortic ECs loaded with DAF-2 was determined using confocal microscopy. Accumulated NO in the culture medium was quantified by a microplate reader using membrane-impermeable DAF-2. Phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at Ser(1179) was assessed by Western blotting. Changes in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) were determined by confocal microscopy in ECs doubly loaded with fluo-4 and Fura Red. The effects of aldosterone, acetylcholine (ACh), and other signaling molecules on the tension of phenylephrine (PE)-contracted aortas of Sprague-Dawley rats were examined in an ex vivo organ bath chamber system. Short-term pre-exposure to aldosterone (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) enhanced ATP-induced NO production in ECs with increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(1179). These effects were blocked by eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, and LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Notably, aldosterone alone did not affect ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) changes or the Ser(1179) phosphorylation. Similarly, aldosterone (1 x 10(-8) to 1 x 10(-7) mol/L) did not affect the tone of rat aortas pre-contracted by PE, but enhanced ACh-induced vasorelaxation, which was again reversed by eplerenone or LY29400. In contrast, sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation in endothelium-denuded aortas was not affected by aldosterone. Thus, aldosterone acutely enhances ligand-mediated endothelial NO production by eplerenone-sensitive mechanisms involving a PI3K that may synergize Ca(2+)-dependent eNOS phosphorylation at Ser(1179).
Fast and versatile fabrication of PMMA microchip electrophoretic devices by laser engraving (2014)

This paper describes the effects of different modes and engraving parameters on the dimensions of microfluidic structures produced in PMMA using laser engraving. The engraving modes included raster and vector, while the explored engraving parameters included power, speed, frequency, resolution, line-width, and number of passes. Under the optimum conditions, the technique was applied to produce channels suitable for CE separations. Taking advantage of the possibility to cut-through the substrates, the laser was also used to define solution reservoirs (buffer, sample, and waste) and a PDMS-based decoupler. The final device was used to perform the analysis of a model mixture of phenolic compounds within 200 s with baseline resolution.
Overview of View Synthesis Prediction for Multi-view Video Coding (2007)

With a wide range of viewing angles, the multi-view video can provide more realistic feeling at arbitrary viewpoints. However, because of a huge amount of data from multiple cameras, we need to develop an efficient coding method. One of the promising approaches for multi-view video coding is view synthesis prediction which generates an additional reference frame. In this paper, we explain the principal idea of view synthesis prediction and propose a view interpolation and coding scheme. For view interpolation, we employ initial disparity estimation, variable block matching, and disparity error correction methods. After generating an intermediate view image, we apply a ‘VIP Ppicture’ coding method with the additional reference frame, where we have five additional motion estimation modes and a modified motion vector prediction scheme. By computer simulations, we have improved the coding gain by 0.66 ㏈ on average for the well synthesized sequences.
Efficient Access to Oseltamivir Phosphate (Tamiflu) via the <i>O‐</i>Trimesylate of Shikimic Acid Ethyl Ester (2009)

The same azide intermediate as that used in the current technical synthesis of Tamiflu can be prepared in only eight steps and with only three workups; protecting group manipulations and chromatographic purification are not required. This approach includes a new protocol for aziridine formation to avoid competitive aromatization. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Progress in directed self-assembly hole shrink applications (2013)

Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) has become a promising alternative for generating fine lithographic patterns. Since contact holes are among the most difficult structures to resolve through traditional lithographic means, directed selfassembly applications that generate smaller contact holes are of particular interest to the industry. In this paper, DSA integrations that shrink pre-patterned contact holes were explored. The use of both block copolymers (BCPs)<sup>1</sup> and blended polymer systems<sup>2</sup> was considered. In addition, both wet<sup>3</sup> and dry<sup>4</sup> techniques were used to develop the central core out of the respective phase-separated morphologies. Finally, the hole patterns created through the various contact hole applications were transferred to substrates of interest with the goal of incorporating them into an IMEC 28 nm node via chain electrical test vehicle for direct, side-by-side comparison.
Development of a MEMS microwave switch and application to adaptive integrated antennas (2004)

Adaptive integrated antennas are serious candidates for achieving the performance requirements of next-generation, broadband, wireless systems. This paper reports on the development of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) shunt switch and its application to reconfigurable patch antennas. The micromachining procedure employs hexa-methyldisilizane (HMDS) as an anti-stiction surface treatment, significantly increasing the process yield. A MEMS shunt switch was designed for 10-20 GHz operation in a coplanar waveguide (CPW) regime. At 20 GHz, the insertion loss of the switch in the on-state was measured to be 0.25 dB, while an isolation of 10 dB was obtained in the off-state. Further improvement in the off-state isolation appears possible. The MEMS switch is applied to a novel co-planar patch antenna configuration in order to achieve adaptive radiation characteristics. A 30 GHz patch design shows in simulation a phase shift of 70 degrees between the two operating states.
Graves' Disease Following Thyrotoxic Painless Thyroiditis. Analysis of Antibody Activities Against the Thyrotropin Receptor in Two Cases (1997)

The exact immunologic mechanisms that lead to the emergence and progression of painless ("silent") thyroiditis remain unclear. We report two cases of painless postpartum thyroiditis followed by Graves' disease, where extensive immunologic evaluation supported a possible pathogenetic association. The time course of changes in thyroid function tests, 123I thyroidal uptake values, and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAbs) were documented. The existence of stimulating TSHRAbs (TSAbs) activating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) signal cascades and their functional epitopes, as well as two different thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) were documented in both patients at the time of diagnosis of Graves' disease. We suggest that susceptible persons may develop an immunologic response that can trigger the appearance of a mixture of species of TSHRAbs, which in turn may lead to the sequential occurrence of painless thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Additionally, the multiple phases of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism that can occur in these patients may reflect the existence and changing spectrum of TSHRAbs in their sera.
Acceleration waves in a granular medium with critical state (1980)

Propagation of acceleration waves in three different rate-type constitutive models for granular media is investigated. Each of the models possesses a critical state, but in regard to other constitutive assumptions they appear to be considerably different. Nevertheless, we find similarities in the speeds of propagation of acceleration waves. All three models yield the same speed for transverse waves, both for loading and unloading processes. Birefringence of transverse waves occurs in all but very special initial stress regimes. Longitudinal wave speeds differ for the three models for loading processes, but are similar for unloading processes. Longitudinal wave speeds need not exceed transverse wave speeds but longitudinal waves exhibit material attenuation.
A gorgeous Renaissance (2002)

E-book apps allow individuals to control the time and place of learning. Direct observation of procedural skills can provide feedback to trainees on techniques to ensure learning effectiveness and pressure injury care quality.
Relationship among body weight, body length, ovary weight and the fecundity of Cyprinus carpio Var. communis in Kashmir Himalaya (2018)

The study provides the relationship between body weight, body length, ovary weight, absolute fecundity and relative fecundity Cyprinus carpio var. communis. The data reveals that fish weight shows the significant positive correlation with fish length, ovary weight absolute fecundity(r=.878, p<0.01; r=.888, p<0.01; r=.907, p<0.01 respectively). Furthermore significant positive correlation was formed between fish length and ovary weight (r=0.981, p<0.01), fish length and absolute fecundity (r=.976, p<0.01), Ovary weight and absolute fecundity (r=.998, p<0.01). Relative fecundity showed a significant negative correlation with weight, length and absolute fecundity(r=-0.747, p<0.01; r=-0.419, p<0.05and r=-0.460, p<0.05 respectively).
Defect‐Related Optical Behavior in Surface Modified TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanostructures (2005)

Abstract The surface modification of TiO 2 nanostructures to incorporate nitrogen and form visible light absorbing titanium oxynitride centers is studied. Anatase TiO 2 structures in the 5–20 nm range, formed by a wet chemical technique, were surface modified and the nitridation of the highly reactive TiO 2 nanocolloid surface, as determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, is achieved by a quick and simple treatment in alkyl ammonium compounds. The nitriding process was also simultaneously accompanied by metal seeding resulting in a metal coating layer on the TiO 2 structures. The structure of the resultant titanium oxynitride nanostructures remains anatase. These freshly prepared samples exhibited a strong emission near 560 nm (2.21 eV), which red‐shifted to 660 nm (1.88 eV) and dropped in intensity with aging in the atmosphere. This behavior was also evident in some of the combined nitrogen doped and metal seeded TiO 2 nanocolloids. Electron spin resonance (ESR) performed on these samples identified a resonance at g = 2.0035, which increased significantly with nitridation. The resonance is attributed to an oxygen hole center created near the surface of the nanocolloid, which correlates well with the observed optical activity.
Cleavage of DNA.RNA hybrids by Type II restriction enzymes (1980)

The action of a number of restriction enzymes on DNA.RNA hybrids has been examined using hybrids synthesised with RNAs of cucumber mosaic virus as templates. The enzymes EcoRI, HindII, SalI, MspI, HhaI, AluI, TaqI and HaeIII cleaved the DNA strand of the hybrids (and possible also the RNA strand) into specific fragments. For four of these enzymes, HhaI, AluI, TaqI and HaeIII, comparison of the restriction fragments produced with the known sequences of the viral RNAs confirmed that they were recognising and cleaving the DNA strand of the hybrids at their correct recognition sequences. It is likely that the ability to utilise DNA.RNA hybrids as substrates is a general property of Type II restriction enzymes.
Geometric bipartitioning problem and its applications to VLSI (2002)

We identify a new problem called geometric bipartitioning that is useful in VLSI layout design. Given a floorplan with rectilinear modules, the problem is to partition the floor by a staircase (monotone increasing) channel from one corner of the floor to its diagonally opposite corner, such that the numbers of modules in the two halves become equal. As the partition is heavily dependent on the geometry of the floorplan, this is quite different from the classical graph bisection problem. This problem can be captured using a weighted permutation graph with integer edge weights, which may be positive, negative or zero; the goal is to find a path between two designated nodes such that the absolute value of the sum of edge weights along the path is minimum. We then show that this problem is NP-complete, and present a heuristic algorithm based on branch-and-bound. Experimental results with benchmarks and randomly generated floorplans reveal that the algorithm produces optimal results quickly most of the time. Geometric bipartitioning problem may find many applications to hierarchical decomposition, floorplanning, and routing.
A Methodology for Assessing Carcinogenic Hazards of Chemicals (1986)

Assessment of carcinogenic hazards of substances involves evaluation and classification of qualitative and quantitative data, including the attendant uncertainty. Recently proposed EPA guidelines represent a significant step towards a uniform carcinogenic risk assessment procedure and its appropriate use. The Methodology for Assessing Carcinogenic Hazards of Chemicals proposed here shares common characteristics with the EPA guidelines but it also focuses on other aspects of carcinogen assessment, not addressed by the guidelines, such as: folding together quantitative and qualitative data into a combined hazard index; classification of limited, incomplete or flawed qualitative data; utilization of quantitative risk estimates based on weak qualitative evidence. The elements are used to assess carcinogenic hazards of chemicals, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative assessment consists of stratification into one of five categories of weight-of-evidence, whereas quantitative assessment consists of stratification into one of four potency categories on the basis of carcinogenic unit risk estimate. Carcinogenic hazard index, codified in letters A to E, is derived from the quantitative and qualitative elements of assessment in a two-dimensional matrix. The matrix is designed so that weaker evidence for carcinogenicity requires a correspondingly higher unit risk value for a given score. Assessment of 100 chemicals using our methodology shows a good distribution of scores from A to E. Group B, which can be described as moderately hazardous, is most frequently represented. The methodology represents a mixture of two possible approaches to assessing hazards of carcinogens: one which gives the highest rank to those likely to produce the greatest risk, the other which ranks highest those most likely to produce cancer in humans. By using this combined approach, it is ensured that a chemical hazardous on either count is not missed. The methodology also makes maximum use of all available data without over-interpreting some highly uncertain procedures such as quantitative risk estimation or extrapolation of animal response to humans.
Safety considerations in a surgical robot. (1993)

This paper describes the safety features of the ROBODOC Surgical Assistant System, an image-driven robotic system which has been used to perform Total Hip Replacement surgery. These features include a dedicated processor for continuous monitoring of system status, shared data areas (dual-ported RAM), and external sensors (force-torque sensor, redundant positional encoders, and bone motion monitor).
Distributed <scp>T</scp>emperature <scp>S</scp>ensing as a downhole tool in hydrogeology (2016)

Abstract Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) technology enables downhole temperature monitoring to study hydrogeological processes at unprecedentedly high frequency and spatial resolution. DTS has been widely applied in passive mode in site investigations of groundwater flow, in‐well flow, and subsurface thermal property estimation. However, recent years have seen the further development of the use of DTS in an active mode (A‐DTS) for which heat sources are deployed. A suite of recent studies using A‐DTS downhole in hydrogeological investigations illustrate the wide range of different approaches and creativity in designing methodologies. The purpose of this review is to outline and discuss the various applications and limitations of DTS in downhole investigations for hydrogeological conditions and aquifer geological properties. To this end, we first review examples where passive DTS has been used to study hydrogeology via downhole applications. Secondly, we discuss and categorize current A‐DTS borehole methods into three types. These are thermal advection tests, hybrid cable flow logging, and heat pulse tests. We explore the various options with regards to cable installation, heating approach, duration, and spatial extent in order to improve their applicability in a range of settings. These determine the extent to which each method is sensitive to thermal properties, vertical in‐well flow, or natural gradient flow. Our review confirms that the application of DTS has significant advantages over discrete point temperature measurements, particularly in deep wells, and highlights the potential for further method developments in conjunction with other emerging hydrogeophysical tools.
Application of Amine Elimination for the Efficient Preparation of Electrophilic <i>ansa</i>-Monocyclopentadienyl Group 4 Complexes Containing an Appended Amido Functionality. Structural Characterization of [(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)SiMe<sub>2</sub>(N-<i>t</i>-Bu)]ZrCl<sub>2</sub>(NMe<sub>2</sub>H) (1996)

The homologous series of ansa-monocyclopentadienyl amido complexes [(C5H4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]M(NMe2)2 (M = Ti (2), Zr (3), Hf (4)) and [(C5Me4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]Zr(NMe2)2 (8) are prepared in 70−85% isolated yields by heating the neat 1:1 reaction mixture of (C5R4H)SiMe2(N(H)-t-Bu), where R = H, Me, and M(NMe2)4, at 110−120 °C for 24−48 h under a N2 purge. Whereas the reactions of 2 with 2 equiv of [NEt3H]Cl or HCl produce a mixture of [(C5H4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]TiCl2 (5) and [(C5H4)SiMe2Cl]TiCl2(NMe2)(NMe2H) (6), the reaction of 2 with SiMe3Cl in toluene provides a suitable route for the quantitative conversion of 2 to 5. Alternatively, the reactions of 3 and 8 with 2 equiv of [NEt3H]Cl or HCl afford solely the dimethylamine adduct [(C5H4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]ZrCl2(NMe2H) (7) and the dichloride derivative [(C5Me4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]ZrCl2 (1), respectively. Compounds 1−8 have been characterized in solution by NMR measurements, and the molecular structures of 2, 7, and 8 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The M−N(appended amido) bond distances and Cp(centroid)−M−N bond angles in 2, 7, and 8 are 1.972(4), 2.055(5), 2.108(4) Å and 105.5, 101.1, 100.2°, respectively.
Optimizing IBGP route reflection network (2004)

In the conventional internal border gateway protocol (IBGO), the BGP sessions between all BGP speakers in a single autonomous system (AS) form a full mesh. For scalability reasons, route reflection is proposed as an alternative to the full mesh inside an AS. The selection of route reflectors and their clients determines the path used by IGBP route advertising. Thus, the design of the route reflection graph is an important issue for improving IBGP operating efficiency and reliability. This paper focuses on the topology optimization for the route reflection graph, i.e., the selection of the reflectors and the interconnections between reflectors and clients. We propose the optimum reflection graph (ORG) problem to find the best topology for IBGP reflection according to the efficiency or reliability metrics. We give the solvability conditions for the problem and present solution based on the integer programming model. Our approach is also highly flexible. Human decisions or constraints can be easily incorporated to find a topology which satisfies AS administrator's manual configurations.
Efficient High-drop Channel-Drop Filter Operation with Photonic Crystal Slabs (2006)

Channel-drop filters with photonic crystal slabs connected between channel waveguides were fabricated and demonstrated. They attained a drop efficiency above 95% at a wavelength of about 1.6 μm and a bandwidth of 1.5 nm.
Management of<i>Osmia lignaria</i>(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) Populations for Almond Pollination: Methods to Advance Bee Emergence (2000)

The objective of this study was to nd one or more rearing methods that would allow us to release Osmia lignaria Say populations from natal nests to pollinate February-owering almonds, Prunus amygdalus Batsch, in Californias Central Valley. We exposed three phenologically distinct O. lignaria populations (early-, mid-, and late-ying) to different temperature treatments through development and wintering for a total of nine rearing treatments. These treatments combined three approaches to obtain early bee emergence: (1) exposing bees to warmer or uctuating temperatures, or both, during development; (2) exposing bees to warmer wintering temperatures; and (3) using early-ying bee populations from Central Valley California latitudes. Extended periods of high prewintering temperatures resulted in apparent fat body consumption of prewintering adults and reductions in springtime adult longevity. In general, temperature treatments that promoted rapid immature development, and thus longer wintering periods, resulted in earlier spring emergence patterns of bees well timed with bloom period of almonds. Warmer wintering periods also resulted in earlier emergence. In addition to providing good bee-bloom synchrony, several treatments also yielded vigorous emerging populations, rapid establishment and nesting, and population increases. The potential importance of our results to anticipated increases in the demand for pollination services in Californias Central Valley almonds is discussed.
Biosynthesis and Degradation of H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> by Vaginal Lactobacilli (2009)

Hydrogen peroxide production by vaginal lactobacilli represents one of the most important defense mechanisms against vaginal colonization by undesirable microorganisms. To quantify the ability of a collection of 45 vaginal Lactobacillus strains to generate H(2)O(2), we first compared three published colorimetric methods. It was found that the use of DA-64 as a substrate rendered the highest sensitivity, while tetramethyl-benzidine (TMB) maintained its linearity from nanomolar to millimolar H(2)O(2) concentrations. Generation of H(2)O(2) was found to be especially common and strong for L. jensenii strains, while it was variable among L. crispatus and L. gasseri strains. Biosynthesis of H(2)O(2) only occurred upon agitation of the cultures, but the H(2)O(2)-producing machinery was already present in them before aeration started. Calcium, magnesium, manganese, and zinc ions did not affect H(2)O(2) production, while Cu(2+) inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus jensenii CECT 4306, which was chosen as a model strain. Cultures with Fe(3+), hemin, and hemoglobin did not accumulate H(2)O(2). Fe(3+) activated an extracellular peroxidase that destroyed the H(2)O(2) being produced by the cultures. This protected the lactobacilli against its antimicrobial effect. The production of the enzyme appears to be constitutive, the Fe(3+) ions being a necessary cofactor of the reaction.