gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selecting Economic Refracturing Candidates (1994)

Abstract Since the first fracture treatment was performed in 1947, hydraulic fracturing has been used to accelerate production and improve ultimate recovery in many reservoirs. However, many of the early fracture treatments resulted in wells which underper-formed expectations. Naturally, refracturing has been proposed as a means of improving performance in these wells. Even with improved operational practices, fracturing techniques, and understanding, refracturing has been applied with mixed success. Our literature survey shows that refracture stimulation treatments in tight formations require increased fracture length and that refracture stimulation treatments conducted in wells in permeable reservoirs require increased fracture conductivity to be commercially successful. Further, refracturing in depleted reservoirs, though responding similarly, may not be commercially viable. We present simulation results and interpret field data which support these conclusions. Our contribution is to evaluate refracturing and provide guidelines to the working engineer with respect to refracture stimulation design and commercial viability. The paper is broken into three sections. These include a review of previous work, a simulation study of the refracturing process, and a section on the interpretation of field data where refracturing has been applied.
No Hot Spot Non-blocking Skip List (2013)

This paper presents a new non-blocking skip list algorithm. The algorithm alleviates contention by localizing synchronization at the least contended part of the structure without altering consistency of the implemented abstraction. The key idea lies in decoupling a modification to the structure into two stages: an eager abstract modification that returns quickly and whose update affects only the bottom of the structure, and a lazy selective adaptation updating potentially the entire structure but executed continuously in the background. On SPECjbb as well as on micro-benchmarks, we compared the performance of our new non-blocking skip list against the performance of the JDK non-blocking skip list. The results indicate that our implementation can me more than twice as fast as the JDK skip list.
Identification of Precipitates Appearing in Al-Li-Cu-Zr Alloy (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Hematologic malignancies (2001)

Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Correspondence to D. Gary Gilliland, PhD, MD, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, 4 Blackfan Circle, Room 418, Boston MA 02115, USA; e-mail: [email protected]
Treatment of alcoholic liver disease (2010)

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains a major cause of liver-related mortality in the US and worldwide. The correct diagnosis of ALD can usually be made on a clinical basis in conjunction with blood tests, and a liver biopsy is not usually required. Abstinence is the hallmark of therapy for ALD, and nutritional therapy is the first line of therapeutic intervention. The role of steroids in patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis is gaining increasing acceptance, with the caveat that patients be evaluated for the effectiveness of therapy at 1 week. Pentoxifylline appears to be especially effective in ALD patients with renal dysfunction/hepatorenal syndrome. Biologics such as specific anti-TNFs have been disappointing and should probably not be used outside of the clinical trial setting. Transplantation is effective in patients with end-stage ALD who have stopped drinking (usually for ≥6 months), and both long-term graft and patient survival are excellent.
Properties of Electrolytes for Li – ion Batteries with Higher Fire Safety (2017)

In modern Li – ion batteries are used, as part of the electrolyte organic solvents, which are flammable. In this work we are investigate the influence of different solvents and their mixtures on the flashpoint due find a solvent with increase the safety of such battery. We are taking the flashpoint as main safety parameter. Other properties that we observed are the specific conductivity and permittivity with both are important for solvent classification as appropriate for electrolytes usability. Another property for useable electrolytes is the melting point temperature and the temperature work window for lithium - ion batteries. In this paper it will be presented some properties of these mixtures from new solvents with commonly used solvents for aprotic electrolytes.
A wideband diplexer using multilayer inductors for compact wireless LTCC modules (2014)

In this paper, we present a compact wideband diplexer based on the low temperature co-fired ceramic technology. To realize wide passbands and a compact size, a new design method uses multilayer inductors. This method can also eliminate the matching circuits between a common port and wideband bandpass filters. Its performance has been simulated and optimized by the finite element analysis. The diplexer can separate a low-frequency band (0.9–1.8 GHz) and a high-frequency band (2.4–4.5 GHz). It achieves wide passbands and a very compact size (5.0×3.0×0.552 mm3).
Nucleotide sequence and characterization of the traABCD region of IncI1 plasmid R64 (1993)

A 3.6-kb BglII-SmaI segment of the transfer region of IncI1 plasmid R64drd-11 was sequenced and characterized. Analysis of the DNA sequence indicated the presence of four genes, traA, traB, traC, and traD, in this region. The expression of the traB, traC, and traD genes was examined by maxicell experiments and that of the traA gene was examined by constructing the traA-lacZ fusion gene. The introduction of frameshift mutations into the four genes indicated that the traB and traC genes are essential for conjugal transfer in liquid medium and on a solid surface. Both were also required for the formation of the thin pilus, which is the receptor for phages I alpha and PR64FS. Upstream of the traA gene, a promoter sequence for sigma 70 of E. coli RNA polymerase was identified by S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension experiments.
Orientation Behavior of REBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-y</sub> (RE = Rare Earth and Y) Films Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition (2000)

We have succeeded in preparing REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- y (RE123; RE = rare-earth elements and Y) films by chemical solution deposition (CSD) processing using metal naphthenates under low oxygen partial pressure. Few reports have been published on the preparation of RE123 by CSD processing, therefore, we prepared various RE123 films on different substrates systematically and examined the difference in the appearance of a / b -axis oriented grains and their in-plane alignment for each RE123 film as a function of heat-treatment parameters. Processing temperature and substrate dependencies of these films, grown by solid phase epitaxy, were observed to be the same as in the case of vapor phase epitaxy. Dependencies on ionic radius of RE elements are also observed and it is explained by lattice misfit.
Preliminary trial of recombinant fibroblast interferon in chronic hepatitis B virus infection (1986)

Five patients with chronic hepatitis B were treated with 8-day courses of leukocyte (alpha) interferon (5 X 10(6) U/day) and with 8-day courses of recombinant fibroblast (betaser) interferon at dosages of 5 X 10(6), 35 X 10(6), and 105 X 10(6) U/day. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication as evidenced by a decrease in DNA polymerase (DNAP) activity was seen during all treatment courses. Equivalent reduction in DNAP was seen from the low-dose alpha and beta ser regimens, but beta ser interferon at 35 X 10(6) U/day achieved a significantly greater decrease in DNAP activity than did the low-dose regimens. In no patient, however, was permanent loss of DNAP noted. Because of dose-limiting toxicity, only two patients were escalated to the 105 X 10(6)-U/day dosage level. Transient proteinuria was noted in two patients while they were receiving interferon. This has not been noted in other patients receiving this preparation and could not be explained by the development of anti-interferon antibodies. This study has defined an appropriate dosage for future longer-term trials of this agent alone and in combination with other antivirals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
A Smoothing Evolutionary Algorithm with Circle Search for Global Optimization (2010)

There are many global optimization problems arisen in various fields of applications. It is very important to design effective algorithms for these problems. However, one of the key drawbacks of the existing global optimization methods is that they are not easy to escape from the local optimal solutions and can not find the global optimal solution quickly. In order to escape from the local optimal solutions and find the global optimal solution fast, first, a smoothing function, which can flatten the landscape of the original function and eliminate all local optimal solutions which are no better than the best one found so far, is proposed. This can make the search of the global optimal solution much easier. Second, to cooperate the smoothing function, a tailor-made search scheme called circle search is presented, which can quickly jump out the flattened landscape and fall in a lower landscape quickly. Third, a better solution than the best one found so far can be found by local search. Fourth, a crossover operator is designed based on uniform design. Based on these, a smoothing evolutionary algorithm for global optimization is proposed. At last, the numerical simulations for eight high dimensional and very challenging standard benchmark problems are made. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with that of nine evolutionary algorithms published recently. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is statistically sound and has better performance for these test functions.
Factors influencing the level of customer satisfaction of Retail Banking in State Banking of India with special reference to Indore city (2015)

Across the globe, in recent year's retail lending has been an incomparable innovation in the commercial banking sector. In emerging economies, the growth of retail lending is attributable to the rapid advances in information technology, financial market reform, the evolving macroeconomic environment, and several micro-level demand and supply side factors. India is also moving forward in a strong way in the retail banking. Retail loan in India is estimated approximately one-fifth of all bank credit. Housing loan sector is experiencing a highest boom in credit. The retail loan market has strongly got transformed from a seller's market to a buyers’ market. Days are the gone when getting a retail loan was somewhat cumbersome. In recent years all these emphasize the momentum that retail banking is experiencing in the Indian economy. This paper attempts to find the critical factors which effect the customer satisfaction in Retail Banking of State Bank of India in Indore City.
Design and application of DRFM system based on digital channelized receiver (2008)

A model of DRFM system based on digital channelized receiver is introduced, it takes the advantages of channelized receiver to achieve broadband instantaneous frequency coverage, and with decimated data flow, the requirement of the memory capacity for DRFM system can be saved and make it possible to achieve real-time amplitude and frequency modulation process in radar countermeasure applications. The DAC works at lower speed compared with ADC sample rate. The theory of channelized receiver is first stated and the realization structure based on polyphase filters is derived. The hardware platform has been designed for the implementation of the DRFM model; it can act as the core subsystem for general radar countermeasure system.
Prevalence of Apathy, Dysphoria, and Depression in Relation to Dementia Severity in Alzheimer's Disease (2005)

Apathy is common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but may be confused with depression due to overlap in symptoms queried in depression assessments. Depression and dysphoria appear to occur less frequently in AD but are better researched. This study examined the relative frequency of these syndromes and their relation to disease characteristics in 131 research participants with probable or possible AD. Apathy was more prevalent than dysphoria or major depression and was more strongly associated with global disease severity, cognitive impairment, and functional deficits. Accurate differential diagnosis of apathy and depression is key to appropriate family education and effective treatment.
What can visually impaired people look forward to in the last decade of the twentieth century? (1992)

The following article is an edited version of the SRAB Annual Lecture given at the National Westminster Hall, London, 21 November 1991. The author outlines future developments likely to affect the lives of visually impaired people in the spheres of education, employment and provision for the elderly. He discusses the implications of 'Contract Culture' and stresses the need to involve consumers and users at all levels.
A TNET database server for production flow control (2002)

A PC TNET (multi-drop polling network) database server is presented. The PC serves as the data acquisition controller of a polled multi-drop network that retrieves information from input terminals. The PC server simultaneously receives data from any combination of terminals on the network. It then updates a local SQL database while allowing access from users connected to the server via an Ethernet or other wide area networks. This system was developed to replace an out dated inventory tracking and quality control procedure used by a metal powder mixing manufacturing company. The system presented will provide greater efficiency and productivity to the company by allowing access to an inventory database that is updated in real-time. The use of a multi-tasking operating system and modern networking methods are the tools that provide the company with the ability to address complex inventory and quality control issues. This paper illustrates the practicality and benefits of taking advantage of the multi-tasking, networking, and processing capabilities of modern computers and operating systems.
Complete Defluorination of Perfluorinated Compounds by Hydrated Electrons Generated from 3-Indole-acetic-acid in Organomodified Montmorillonite (2016)

Here we describe a unique process that achieves complete defluorination and decomposition of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) which comprise one of the most recalcitrant and widely distributed classes of toxic pollutant chemicals found in natural environments. Photogenerated hydrated electrons derived from 3-indole-acetic-acid within an organomodified clay induce the reductive defluorination of co-sorbed PFCs. The process proceeds to completion within a few hours under mild reaction conditions. The organomontmorillonite clay promotes the formation of highly reactive hydrated electrons by stabilizing indole radical cations formed upon photolysis, and prevents their deactivation by reaction with protons or oxygen. In the constrained interlayer regions of the clay, hydrated electrons and co-sorbed PFCs are brought in close proximity thereby increasing the probability of reaction. This novel green chemistry provides the basis for in situ and ex situ technologies to treat one of the most troublesome, recalcitrant and ubiquitous classes of environmental contaminants, i.e., PFCs, utilizing innocuous reagents, naturally occurring materials and mild reaction conditions.
Web3D in ocean science learning environments (2002)

The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), Java 3D software development packages, and World Wide Web (the Web) offer great potential for delivering three-dimensional, collaborative virtual environments to broad, on-line audiences. These capabilities have significant potential in ocean sciences, so a visualization environment was developed to explore these possibilities. The University of Washington's Virtual Big Beef Creek (VBBC) project has been continuously refined since its initial implementation in April 1999. VBBC affords users the ability to navigate through a data-rich representation of a physical world estuary on Washington State's Olympic Peninsula. One important project goal is to give users a better sense of the overall watershed before they venture out to experience it in person. A second significant goal is to provide a single on-line repository for geo-referenced data obtained through fieldwork (both quantitative and qualitative). The research team has gained insight into application improvements through the participation of Ocean Sciences graduate students, video game enthusiasts, and the general public. In this paper, research challenges, project successes, and project shortcomings are discussed that may inform the larger Web3D community.
Integrated Debugging of Modelica Models (2014)

The high abstraction level of equation-based object-oriented (EOO) languages such as Modelica has the drawback that programming and modeling errors are often hard to find. In this paper we present integrated static and dynamic debugging methods for Modelica models and a debugger prototype that addresses several of those problems. The goal is an integrated debugging framework that combines classical debugging techniques with special techniques for equation-based languages partly based on graph visualization and interaction.
HIF-1: An Age-Dependent Regulator of Lens Cell Proliferation (2008)

HIF-1alpha is present and HIF-1 is transcriptionally active throughout life, but suppresses growth only in older lenses. Maintaining elevated levels of p27(KIP1) in older lenses requires HIF-1. p27(KIP1) and other growth regulators may selectively suppress the proliferation of older lens epithelial cells.
Towards Self-Manageable Cloud Services (2009)

Cloud computing represents a promising computing paradigm, where computational power is provided as a utility. An important characteristic of Cloud computing, other than in similar paradigms like Grid or HPC computing, is the provision of non-functional guarantees to users. Thereby, applications can be executed considering predefined execution time, price, security or privacy standards, which are guaranteed in real time in form of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). However, due to changing components, workload, external conditions, hardware, and software failures, established SLAs may be violated. Thus, frequent user interactions with the system, which are usually necessary in case of failures, might turn out to be an obstacle for the success of Cloud computing. In this paper we discuss self-manageable Cloud services. In case of failures, environmental changes, and similar, services manage themselves automatically following the principles of autonomic computing. Based on the life cycle of a self-manageable Cloud service we derive a resource submission taxonomy. Furthermore, we present an architecture for the implementation of self-manageable Cloud services. Finally, we discuss the application of autonomic computing to Cloud services based on service mediation and negotiation bootstrapping case study.
Quickly quantitative detection of acrylonitrile′s biocatalysis products by gas chromatography (2007)

Products of acrylamide from acrylonitrile with microbial enzymes as the biocatalyst has recently become po-(pular) in industry.During the biotransformation process,substrate acrylonitrile,product acrylamide and by-product acrylic acid will be simultaneously present in the reaction solution.In this study,a capillary column PEG-20M(30 m×0.25 mm i.d.,2 μm) was selected to quantitatively measure the concentrations of acrylonitrile,acrylic acid and acrylamide,with acetamide as the inner standard.The optimal temperatures of the SPL sample receiver,the FID detector and the column were determined to be 260,260 and 190 ℃,respectively,with nitrogen as the carrier at the speed of 25 cm/min.The injection volume of the sample was set at 0.4 μL with the shunting ratio of 50∶1.Final results showed that the three targets can be completely separated within 4 min,with high reproducibility and linearity.The reoveries of acrylonitrile,acrylic acid and acrylamide reached as high as 98.5%,102.1% and 105.0%,with the relative standard deviation of 9.1%,5.3% and 1.7%,respectively.These results show this method is simple,accurate and has a very promising prospect in the high-throughput quantitative analyses of acrylonitrile,acrylamide and acrylic acid in both lab and industry.
Discovering Physical Concepts with Neural Networks (2020)

Despite the success of neural networks at solving concrete physics problems, their use as a general-purpose tool for scientific discovery is still in its infancy. Here, we approach this problem by modeling a neural network architecture after the human physical reasoning process, which has similarities to representation learning. This allows us to make progress towards the long-term goal of machine-assisted scientific discovery from experimental data without making prior assumptions about the system. We apply this method to toy examples and show that the network finds the physically relevant parameters, exploits conservation laws to make predictions, and can help to gain conceptual insights, e.g., Copernicus' conclusion that the solar system is heliocentric.
Coverslip Cleaning and Functionalization for Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (2016)

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy allows visualization of biological events at the single-molecule level by restricting excitation to a precise focal plane near the coverslip and eliminating out-of-focus fluorescence. The quality of TIRF imaging relies on a high signal-to-noise ratio and therefore it is imperative to prevent adherence of molecules to the glass coverslip. Nonspecific interactions can make it difficult to distinguish true binding events and may also interfere with accurate quantification of background noise. In addition, nonspecific binding of the fluorescently tagged protein will lower the effective working concentration, thereby altering values used to calculate affinity constants. To prevent spurious interactions, we thoroughly clean the surface of the coverslip and then functionalize the glass either by applying a layer of silane or by coating with a lipid bilayer.