gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Authentication of Multimedia Objects Using Biometric Data Manipulation (2012)

Abstract: The Biometric Gaussian Stream (BGS) cryptosystem was extended by extensive research experimentation. Using this system, complexity is added to an image by passing it through a Gaussian noise function. This function is applied with specific parameters for the mean and variance, which also works as a parallel key. To implement a stream cipher BGS with help of biometric images, the Initial Condition (IC) for Linear Feed Back Shift Register (LFSR) from is extracted iriscode. A comparison between various stream ciphers is also made to measure the strength of the BGS cryptosystem. The previous experimentation work has been extended by formulating the algorithmic runtime complexity of the BGS Cryptosystem which proves to be O(n) algorithmically. New techniques to encrypt and assess multimedia objects have been introduced.
Exploiting Reversible Computing for Latent-Fault-Free Error Detecting/Correcting CMOS Circuits (2018)

Unlike conventional CMOS circuits, reversible circuits do not have latent faults, so faults occurring in internal circuit nodes always result in an error at the output. This is a unique feature for online or concurrent fault tolerance and the main motivation of this paper with an aim of achieving highly efficient fault-tolerant CMOS logic circuits. For this purpose, we first implement fault-tolerant reversible circuits. We develop two techniques to make a reversible circuit fault-tolerant by using multiple-control Toffoli gates. The first technique is based on single parity preserving and offers error detection for odd number of errors at the output. The second technique is constructed on Hamming codes, which results in circuits detecting any number of errors unless the number of errors at the output is the order of d or correcting (d - 1)/2 bit errors, where d is the minimum Hamming distance between any pair of bit patterns. We select d = 3 in this paper. We also claim that 100% error detection is possible with conservative reversible gates, such as a Fredkin gate. For this purpose, we develop a greedy synthesis algorithm that implements an arbitrary reversible function with multiple-control Fredkin gates. As the next step, we utilize the proposed reversible circuits with conventional CMOS gates. This certainly approves the practical use of the proposed techniques. The effectiveness of our techniques is demonstrated on benchmark circuits, implemented by both reversible and CMOS gates, in terms of fault tolerance performances and area costs. Comparisons with the related studies in the literature as well as with dual-modular redundancy and triple-modular redundancy-based circuits clearly favor the proposed designs.
A special march test to detect delay coupling faults for RAMs (2002)

This paper introduces the idea of the delay coupling faults between the memory cells and also shows a new method to integrate a test for them within march tests. March tests do not cover delay coupling faults, moreover, the correct sensitizing operation sequences are not sufficient to cover them because of the large propagation time required to affect the content of the coupled cell. To cover the delay coupling faults, a special test based on the idea of the logic state of the memory array is presented. The new and more efficient march test, called DITEC+, proves to be efficient to cover the delay coupling faults.
An Analysis of Persistent Memory Use with WHISPER (2017)

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies promise durability with read and write latencies comparable to volatile memory (DRAM). We define Persistent Memory (PM) as NVM accessed with byte addressability at low latency via normal memory instructions. Persistent-memory applications ensure the consistency of persistent data by inserting ordering points between writes to PM allowing the construction of higher-level transaction mechanisms. An epoch is a set of writes to PM between ordering points. To put systems research in PM on a firmer footing, we developed and analyzed a PM benchmark suite called WHISPER (Wisconsin-HP Labs Suite for Persistence) that comprises ten PM applications we gathered to cover all current interfaces to PM. A quantitative analysis reveals several insights: (a) only 4% of writes in PM-aware applications are to PM and the rest are to volatile memory, (b) software transactions are often implemented with 5 to 50 ordering points (c) 75% of epochs update exactly one 64B cache line, (d) 80% of epochs from the same thread depend on previous epochs from the same thread, while few epochs depend on epochs from other threads. Based on our analysis, we propose the Hands-off Persistence System (HOPS) to track updates to PM in hardware. Current hardware design requires applications to force data to PM as each epoch ends. HOPS provides high-level ISA primitives for applications to express durability and ordering constraints separately and enforces them automatically, while achieving 24.3% better performance over current approaches to persistence.
Optimization of SWIPT With Battery-Assisted Energy Harvesting Full-Duplex Relays (2020)

In this article, we investigate the performance of a three-node battery-assisted full-duplex relay (FDR) network which employs simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). The relay augments the harvested energy with battery energy to improve the link performance. Considering both time-switching (TS) and power-splitting (PS) protocols for energy harvesting, we analyze the outage probability and throughput performance with amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) FDRs. For the case of both AF and DF FDRs, we show that a unique value of battery energy exists that maximizes the throughput. Expressions are derived for the throughput-optimal TS and PS parameters. For a desired target throughput, the selection of optimum TS and PS parameters to maximize battery lifetime is discussed. It is demonstrated that for both EH protocols, with low transmit power and a small amount of battery energy, the performance of DF FDRs is superior to that of AF FDRs. In contrast to the case of half-duplex relaying, both TS and PS FDRs achieve a similar throughput at low transmit power, while PS FDR outperforms TS FDR at higher transmit power. Also, when the target throughput is low, TS FDR is more energy-efficient than PS FDR. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the accuracy of the analysis.
Quantization of color signals (1977)

We develop and evaluate procedures based on subjective criteria for optimizing the design of quantizers for the digital coding of color signals. We start with a series of subjective tests that determine the visibility of quantization noise in several different circumstances. Specifically, two distinct functional relationships for the visibility of quantizing noise in color components are investigated: 1) its dependence on the slope of the luminance signal, 2) its dependence on the slope of the chrominance signal. Using fidelity criteria determined by these visibility functions, quantizers are optimized for the following encoding situations: 1) adaptive PCM coding of the chrominance components based on the luminance slope, 2) element DPCM coding of the individual color components, 3) adaptive DPCM coding of the chrominance components based on the luminance slope, 4) plateau coding of the chrominance components. Pictures are coded using quantizers for encoding situations 2), 3), and 4) Advantages of optimization are brought out by comparing the performance of the optimum quantizers with quantizers optimized on the basis of certain commonly used criteria or with other quantizers. In all cases, we find that for a given bit rate, our optimum quantizers outperform the others in terms of quality, of the coded pictures.
A Study on Pathloss Model for UAV Based Urban Disaster and Emergency Communication Systems (2018)

In recent times, airborne Base Station (BS) or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mounted Evolved Node B (UeNBs) are used to provide broadband services, and rescue responses in emergency and natural disaster scenarios. Most of the prior studies on airborne BS assume outdoor users only and consider their position coordinates in a two-dimensional (2-D) plane considering only Euclidean distance based pathloss. However in urban natural disaster scenarios such as flooding or cyclone, users are trapped inside single or multi-storey buildings; user positions are in three-dimensional (3-D) plane. Reliable communication and rescue operations in such situation is possible if pathloss characteristics for both, user to UeNB (uplink) and vice versa (downlink), are known a-priori. Since pathloss in above scenarios is a combination of indoor and outdoor component, it becomes a challenge to adopt appropriate model which can be used during communications. In this paper, we have studied several state-of-the-art pathloss models applicable in the above scenarios and compared their performances. We have also studied the impact of indoor and outdoor environments on the uplink and downlink pathloss models. Our extensive simulation results give a full fledged insight to uplink and downlink channel characteristics of UAV based wireless emergency communication system. From our extensive studies and simulations, we have learnt that Winner II model [1] with additional indoor blockage component provides the best pathloss model for an urban emergency scenario. Furthermore, we have also analyzed the impact of different topological parameters such as UeNB hovering altitude, building heights, indoor and outdoor distance of users, etc., on the pathloss characteristics.
STEERING AND REVERSING GEAR FOR VERY LARGE WATERJETS (1994)

The factors tending to limit the size of the steering and reversing gear of conventional waterjet propulsors are briefly discussed. The principles of waterjet steering and reversing are reviewed briefly with reference to commercial examples. A hull- mounted steering and reversing gear concept is introduced. The new concept is described and discussed. It is concluded that some such arrangement as that described in the paper is highly desirable for waterjet propulsion of large ships. An upper limit of 75 mW per unit with no more than four units per ship is thought to be adequate for nearly all classes of ships.
On Target Localization Using Combined RSS and AoA Measurements (2018)

This work revises existing solutions for a problem of target localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), utilizing integrated measurements, namely received signal strength (RSS) and angle of arrival (AoA). The problem of RSS/AoA-based target localization became very popular in the research community recently, owing to its great applicability potential and relatively low implementation cost. Therefore, here, a comprehensive study of the state-of-the-art (SoA) solutions and their detailed analysis is presented. The beginning of this work starts by considering the SoA approaches based on convex relaxation techniques (more computationally complex in general), and it goes through other (less computationally complex) approaches, as well, such as the ones based on the generalized trust region sub-problems framework and linear least squares. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the computational complexity of each solution is reviewed. Furthermore, an extensive set of simulation results is presented. Finally, the main conclusions are summarized, and a set of future aspects and trends that might be interesting for future research in this area is identified.
C(3)-carboxy-cephem (1974)

D. O. Spry, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 1012 DOI: 10.1039/C39740001012
Discovery of Novel Indoline Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors (CETP) through a Structure-Guided Approach (2016)

Using the collective body of known (CETP) inhibitors as inspiration for design, a structurally novel series of tetrahydroquinoxaline CETP inhibitors were discovered. An exemplar from this series, compound 5, displayed potent in vitro CETP inhibition and was efficacious in a transgenic cynomologus-CETP mouse HDL PD (pharmacodynamic) assay. However, an undesirable metabolic profile and chemical instability hampered further development of the series. A three-dimensional structure of tetrahydroquinoxaline inhibitor 6 was proposed from (1)H NMR structural studies, and this model was then used in silico for the design of a new class of compounds based upon an indoline scaffold. This work resulted in the discovery of compound 7, which displayed potent in vitro CETP inhibition, a favorable PK-PD profile relative to tetrahydroquinoxaline 5, and dose-dependent efficacy in the transgenic cynomologus-CETP mouse HDL PD assay.
Active Packaging Technologies with an Emphasis on Antimicrobial Packaging and its Applications (2003)

ABSTRACT: In response to the dynamic changes in current consumer demand and market trends, the area of Active Packaging (AP) is becoming increasingly significant. Principal AP systems include those that involve oxygen scavenging, moisture absorption and control, carbon dioxide and ethanol generation, and antimicrobial (AM) migrating and nonmigrating systems. Of these active packaging systems, the AM version is of great importance. This article reviews: (1) the different categories of AP concepts with particular regard to the activity of AM packaging and its effects on food products, (2) the development of AM and AP materials, and (3) the current and future applications of AM packaging.
Applications of the Long-Range Alpha Detector (LRAD) technology to low-level radioactive waste management (1993)

Long-Range Alpha Detector (LRAD) systems are designed to monitor alpha contamination by measuring the number of ions in the air. Alpha particles are a form of ionizing radiation and a typical 5-MeV alpha particle will create about 150,000 ion pairs in air. Field tests at various DOE sites have shown that LRAD Surface Soil Monitors (SSM), Sample Monitors, and Object Monitors are faster and more sensitive than traditional alpha detectors for measuring alpha contamination. This paper discusses the various applications of LRAD technology to low-level radioactive waste management.
Interactive Composing: An Overview (1984)

Interactive composing is the name I have given to a method for using performable, real-time computer music systems in composing and performing music. The concept of interactive composing has grown in my work since 1967, at which time I proposed the design for a sequencer-programmable analog synthesis system, subsequently built by the R. A. Moog Co. and installed in the Electronic Music Studio at State University of New York at Albany in December 1969. That system's special capability in automating controls made possible the techniques that led to several compositions, in particular Ideas of Movement at Bolton Landing (1971) (Chadabe 1972), which involved the control of timbre and rhythm interactively with automated controls generated by sequencers, and Echoes (1972) (Chadabe 1975; 1977), in which the sounds performed by an instrumentalist are delayed for a few seconds, then transformed by a sound-processing system, then distributed to various loudspeakers. The transformed sounds appear as distant echoes to which the performer reacts in deciding how to play the next notes.
Transforming Nanofibers into Woven Nanotextiles for Vascular Application (2018)

This study investigates the unique properties, fabrication technique, and vascular applications of woven nanotextiles made from low-strength nanoyarns, which are bundles of thousands of nanofibers. An innovative robotic system was developed to meticulously interweave nanoyarns in longitudinal and transverse directions, resulting in a flexible, but strong woven product. This is the only technique for producing seamless nanotextiles in tubular form from nanofibers. The porosity and the mechanical properties of nanotextiles could be substantially tuned by altering the number of nanoyarns per unit area. Investigations of the physical and biological properties of the woven nanotextile revealed remarkable and fundamental differences from its nonwoven nanofibrous form and conventional textiles. This enhancement in the material property was attributed to the multitude of hierarchically arranged nanofibers in the woven nanotextiles. This patterned woven nanotextile architecture leads to a superhydrophilic behavior in an otherwise hydrophobic material, which in turn contributed to enhanced protein adsorption and consequent cell attachment and spreading. Short-term in vivo testing was performed, which proved that the nanotextile conduit was robust, suturable, kink proof, and nonthrombogenic and could act as an efficient embolizer when deployed into an artery.
Multicusp negative ion source (1980)

The characteristics of a steady state, surface conversion, multiline-cusp negative ion source have been investigated for the production of high-energy neutral beams. With the presence of cesium, this source has been operated at a neutral pressure of 1×10−3 Torr to generate a H− ion current greater than 400 mA. The percentage of impurities in the self-extracted negative ion beam has been analyzed by a mass spectrometer. A technique for reducing the background electron density at the source exit is also presented.
Wave-based sound propagation for VR applications (2014)

Realistic sound effects are extremely important in VR to improve the sense of presence and immersion. They augment the visual sense of the user and can help reduce simulation fatigue. Sound can provide 3D spatial cues outside eld of view and help create high-fidelity VR training simulations. Current sound propagation techniques are based on heuristic approaches or simple line-of-sight based geometric techniques. These techniques cannot capture important sound effects such as diffraction, interference, focusing. For VR applications, there is a need for high-fidelity, accurate sound propagation. In order to model sound propagation accurately, it is important to model wave-based sound propagation. We present a set of efficient wave-based propagation techniques for VR applications that can handle large scenes, directional sound sources, and generate spatial sound. Our technique has been integrated in Valve's game engine and we use it to demonstrate realistic acoustic effects such as diffraction, high-order re ection, interference, directivity, and spatialization, in complex scenarios.
Microbial Utilization of Electrically Reduced Neutral Red as the Sole Electron Donor for Growth and Metabolite Production (1999)

Electrically reduced neutral red (NR) served as the sole source of reducing power for growth and metabolism of pure and mixed cultures of H2-consuming bacteria in a novel electrochemical bioreactor system. NR was continuously reduced by the cathodic potential (-1.5 V) generated from an electric current (0.3 to 1.0 mA), and it was subsequently oxidized by Actinobacillus succinogenes or by mixed methanogenic cultures. The A. succinogenes mutant strain FZ-6 did not grow on fumarate alone unless electrically reduced NR or hydrogen was present as the electron donor for succinate production. The mutant strain, unlike the wild type, lacked pyruvate formate lyase and formate dehydrogenase. Electrically reduced NR also replaced hydrogen as the sole electron donor source for growth and production of methane from CO2. These results show that both pure and mixed cultures can function as electrochemical devices when electrically generated reducing power can be used to drive metabolism. The potential utility of utilizing electrical reducing power in enhancing industrial fermentations or biotransformation processes is discussed.
Decorrelation of intravascular echo signals: Potentials for blood velocity estimation (1997)

When blood particles travel through an intravascular ultrasound imaging plane, the received echo signals decorrelate at a rate that is related to the flow velocity. In this paper, the feasibility of extracting blood velocity from the decorrelation function of radio frequency signals was investigated through theoretical analysis and computer simulation. A computer model based on the impulse response method was developed to generate the ultrasound field of a 30-MHz intravascular transducer. The decorrelation due to the scatterer displacement as well as other nonmotion related decorrelation sources were studied. The computer simulations show that the decorrelation function is linearly related to the lateral displacement. The monotonic relationship between correlation and displacement provides possibilities to estimate flow velocity with decorrelation measurements. Because of the complexity of the beam profile in the near field, assessment of local velocities requires detailed knowledge of the decorrelation at each axial beam position. Sources of signal decorrelation other than the lateral displacement may cause a bias in the decorrelation based velocity measurements. For localized decorrelation estimation, measurement variations in small range windows present a major challenge. An approach based on multiple decorrelation measurements should be adopted in order to reduce the variations. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that it is feasible to measure flow velocity by quantifying the decorrelation of intravascular ultrasound signals from blood.
Synthetic speech detection based on selectedword discriminators (2013)

Speaker verification (SV) systems have been shown to be vulnerable to imposture using speech synthesizers. In this paper, we extend previous work in detecting synthetic speech by analyzing words which provide strong discrimination between human and synthetic speech. The research is applicable to authentication systems based on text-dependent SV where the user is prompted to speak a certain utterance which can be chosen by the designer. Our results show that this approach to synthetic speech detection leads to higher accuracies than other proposed approaches. Using various corpora to train and test, our results show 98% accuracy in correctly classifying both human and synthetic speech.
Development of a general process for the synthesis of highly substituted imidazoles (2002)

Abstract Several highly substituted imidazoles have been under investigation at GlaxoSmithKline as potential therapies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and have spawned the need for a general synthetic method for their preparation on a multikilogram scale. We describe herein the optimization of a general method for the preparation of aryl-substituted TosMIC reagents and the ease with which they undergo [3+2] cycloadditions with a host of imines, prepared in situ, to generate densely functionalized imidazoles with various substitution patterns in a completely regioselective manner.
VASTA (2020)

We present VASTA, a novel vision and language-assisted Programming By Demonstration (PBD) system for smartphone task automation. Development of a robust PBD automation system requires overcoming three key challenges: first, how to make a particular demonstration robust to positional and visual changes in the user interface (UI) elements; secondly, how to recognize changes in the automation parameters to make the demonstration as generalizable as possible; and thirdly, how to recognize from the user utterance what automation the user wishes to carry out. To address the first challenge, VASTA leverages state-of-the-art computer vision techniques, including object detection and optical character recognition, to accurately label interactions demonstrated by a user, without relying on the underlying UI structures. To address the second and third challenges, VASTA takes advantage of advanced natural language understanding algorithms for analyzing the user utterance to trigger the VASTA automation scripts, and to determine the automation parameters for generalization. We run an initial user study that demonstrates the effectiveness of VASTA at clustering user utterances, understanding changes in the automation parameters, detecting desired UI elements, and, most importantly, automating various tasks. A demo video of the system is available here: http://y2u.be/kr2xE-FixjI.