gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cyanide Photodegradation Over Cupric Oxide-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (2013)

A simple, rapid, inexpensive, room-temperature wet chemical route for synthesizing CuO-doped ZnO nanoparticles was established. Undoped and CuO-doped ZnO photocatalysts, with 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.% of CuO, were prepared by using cyclohexylammine for coprecipitation of the metals from their aqueous solutions, followed by calcination at 500°C. The photocatalysts were characterized by ICP elemental analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The synthesized materials were tested for oxidative photodegradation of cyanide in aqueous medium at room temperature. The undoped material exhibited an activity of 56% cyanide removal efficiency. Doping of ZnO with 1 and 2 wt.% CuO dramatically enhanced the photocatalytic activity to 89% and 93 %, respectiviely, while to 97% for both 3 and 4 wt.%. This improvement in photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the reduction of ZnO band gap and the increase in charge separation on the surface of photocatalyst particles.
Analysis of adaptive single phase autoreclosing for high voltage transmission lines with various compensation levels (2005)

High voltage transmission lines have their terminals connected to buses through circuit breakers, which may allow single-phase operation at each side of line. These transmission lines are typically equipped with compensating devices, for example, shunt reactors. When a single phase to ground short circuit takes place, relay protection initiates circuit breakers at both sides of the line to open a faulted phase. Due to the electromagnetic coupling with unfaulted phases, the secondary arc from the faulted phase to the ground is supported for some time. The use of field test and ATP software, allows the analysis of transient electromagnetic processes at the transmission line with various levels of compensation during single phase autoreclosing. A developed multifactor algorithm for adaptive autoreclosing, by using measurements of electrical quantities at the faulted line, will determine in real time mode the moment when a secondary arc is extinguished. As a result, reclosing on existing fault is avoided, while restoration of the normal power supply is performed with minimal time interruption.
Max-Testable Class of Sequential Circuits having Combinational Test Generation Complexity (2005)

The paper uses the concept of time expansion model (Innoue et al., 2000) to find the test generation for acyclic sequential circuits. It identifies a class of sequential circuits called as max-testable sequential circuits, where test generation can be obtained using a combinational test generator with the capability of detecting multiple faults on a kernel of combinational circuit. Any acyclic sequential circuit without hold registers belongs to this class. For the sequential circuits having hold registers, a subset of such circuits is found to be belonged to max-testable class. The paper also suggests an algorithm to find such class of circuits.
Autotaxin Inhibition: Challenges and Progress Toward Novel Anti-Cancer Agents (2008)

Autotaxin (ATX, autocrine motility factor, NPP2) has recently emerged as an attractive target for the development of anti-cancer chemotherapeutics. ATX contributes to the production of the bioactive lipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), from lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) in biological fluids including plasma, serum, and tumor cell effusates. LPA-stimulated cell proliferation, survival, motility and invasion have been demonstrated by numerous research groups. LPA receptors and ATX are upregulated in numerous cancer cell types and show expression patterns that correlate with tumor cell invasiveness. Despite considerable promise as an anti-cancer target, two complex challenges have slowed inhibitor discovery. The first of these challenges has been a lack of experimental details of the enzyme structure and its interactions with substrates or inhibitors. A second challenge has been a lack of structural diversity among initially reported inhibitors. Research reported in the last two years provides a foundation to begin addressing these challenges. Although an experimental structure of ATX is not among these recent developments, a crystal structure of the bacterial enzyme Xac. NPP is now available. This protein shares 35% identity with the central catalytic domain of ATX and provides an important starting point to begin understanding the structure of ATX. The structural diversity of known inhibitors has recently expanded to include not only phospholipid analogs, but also small molecules containing thiourea, diphenyldiazerenyl, anthracenedione and indole central cores. These two developments are essential tools for the discovery and optimization of ATX-targeted agents for evaluation as anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Clustered-minority-pixel error diffusion (2004)

We present a clustered-minority-pixel error-diffusion halftoning algorithm for which the quantizer threshold is modified on the basis of the past output and a dot activation map. Dot area, dot shape, and dot distribution are more controllable than with other clustered-dot halftone algorithms such as Levien's algorithm. This method also effectively reduces structured mazelike artifacts in midtones that occur in Levien's algorithm. The dot distribution is further improved by using different error-diffusion weights for different input gray levels.
Generalized Gray codes for local rank modulation (2011)

We consider the local rank-modulation scheme in which a sliding window going over a sequence of real-valued variables induces a sequence of permutations. Local rank-modulation is a generalization of the rank-modulation scheme, which has been recently suggested as a way of storing information in flash memory. We study Gray codes for the local rank-modulation scheme in order to simulate conventional multi-level flash cells while retaining the benefits of rank modulation. Unlike the limited scope of previous works, we consider code constructions for the entire range of parameters including the code length, sliding window size, and overlap between adjacent windows. We show our constructed codes have asymptotically-optimal rate. We also provide efficient encoding, decoding, and next-state algorithms.
Demonstration of TORC (2019)

Recent hand-held controllers have explored a variety of haptic feedback sensations for users in virtual reality by producing both kinesthetic and cutaneous feedback from virtual objects. These controllers are grounded to the user's hand and can only manipulate objects through arm and wrist motions, not using the dexterity of their fingers as they would in real life. In this paper, we present TORC, a rigid haptic controller that renders virtual object characteristics and behaviors such as texture and compliance. Users hold and squeeze TORC using their thumb and two fingers and interact with virtual objects by sliding their thumb on TORC's trackpad. During the interaction, vibrotactile motors produce sensations to each finger that represent the haptic feel of squeezing, shearing or turning an object. We demonstrate the TORC interaction scenarios for a virtual object in hand.
Demo abstract: Full-duplex with a compact frequency domain equalization-based RF canceller (2017)

This demonstration presents a practical real-time full-duplex wireless link consisting of two full-duplex transceivers. Our prototyped full-duplex transceiver contains a custom-designed RF self-interference canceller and a National Instruments (NI) Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). The discrete-component-based RF self-interference canceller emulates a compact RFIC implementation, which uses programmable bandpass filters to achieve wideband cancellation through the technique of frequency domain equalization. We demonstrate self-interference suppression across the antenna, RF, and the digital domains through the NI LabVIEW interface.
Value of Different Clinical and Biochemical Correlates to Assess Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition (1994)

In a double-blind study, we compared the value of different approaches to assess blockade of angiotensin (Ang) II generation in 10 normal volunteers treated with the new Ang-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor temocapril. Plasma concentration of the diacid active metabolite of temocapril, plasma Ang I and II levels, plasma ACE activity, and inhibition of the pressor response to repeated intravenous (i.v.) doses of Ang I were measured before and repeatedly after different doses of tempocapril or placebo. In vivo ACE activity, estimated by the plasma Ang II/Ang I ratio, correlated well with temocapril diacid concentration (r = 0.85, n = 148) and with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) responses to Ang I (r = 0.76 and r = 0.79, n = 148). SBP and DBP responses to Ang I were also strongly related to temocapril diacid concentration (r = -0.81 and r = -0.88, n = 148). ACE activity measured in vivo reliably predicts the decrease in Ang-dependent BP to be achieved by ACE inhibitors.
Highly efficient disposal of CO{sub 2} into the ocean by gas-lift method (basic characteristics of glad system) (1996)

The global warming problem brought by CO{sub 2} is very difficult to solve. Many kind of methods and ideas have been proposed for the problem, however, it is very hard to find out methods to be effective and realized within an early stage. The mass transfer rate of CO{sub 2} from the atmosphere to the ocean is low. The ocean has an enough capacity to absorb CO{sub 2}. The ocean disposal is not an ultimate technology to avoid the global warming, but emergency measures for the rapid increase of CO{sub 2} concentration in the atmosphere. The ocean disposal is required to be low cost and energy saving as well as possible. The deeper releasing can isolate CO{sub 2} for longer period. Therefore, the deep-sea releasing might be most reliable from a viewpoint of long period isolation of CO{sub 2}. However, the liquefaction and transportation of it to the great depth consume a large amount of extra energy and cost. Thus, we must solve these two contradictory matters namely reliability and cost. We propose the GLAD (Gas-Lift Advanced Dissolution) system for CO{sub 2} release into deep-sea as the answer to above-mentioned problems. The GLAD system is significantly efficient comparing with previousmore » ideas. In the present paper, the principle ofthe GLAD system is described and its characteristics is estimated based on recent numerical and experimental results.« less
Near Infrared Wound Monitor Helps Clinical Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers (2010)

Evaluation of diabetic foot ulcers using NIRS may provide an effective and more complete measurement of wound healing compared to current clinical approaches.
Preorganized Hydrogel: Self‐Healing Properties of Supramolecular Hydrogels Formed by Polymerization of Host–Guest‐Monomers that Contain Cyclodextrins and Hydrophobic Guest Groups (2013)

Supramolecular hydrogels formed by a host-guest interaction show self-healing properties. The cube-shaped hydrogels with β-cyclodextrin and adamantane guest molecules mend after being broken. The hydrogels sufficiently heal to form a single gel, and the initial strength is restored. Although contact between a freshly cut and uncut surface does not mend the gels, two freshly cut surfaces selectively mend.
High-Level Expression of TGF-β2 and the TGF-β2(414) Precursor in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (1990)

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) clones secreting high levels of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) were obtained after transfection with a cDNA clone coding for the 414-amino acid TGF-beta 2 precursor and subsequent amplification with methotrexate. The TGF-beta 2 was secreted in a latent form since acidification was necessary for detection of maximal levels of bioactivity. Amino- and carboxy-terminal sequencing of purified recombinant TGF-beta 2 indicated that correct processing of mature TGF-beta 2 had occurred. In addition to mature TGF-beta 2, the recombinant CHO clones secreted larger proteins having molecular weights of 85, 105, and 130 kD, which consisted of both mature and pro-region sequences when analyzed by immunoblotting using site-specific anti-peptide antibodies. Analysis of serum- and cell-free media from recombinant CHO cells metabolically labeled with [3H]glucosamine and [32P]orthophosphate indicated that pro-TGF-beta 2 was glycosylated and phosphorylated. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of acid hydrolysates showed that the 32P was incorporated into mannose-6-phosphate.
Structure study of cadmium tin oxide thin-films prepared by linear combinatorial synthesis (2010)

Thin films of transparent conducting cadmium tin oxide were produced by linear combinatorial synthesis using low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Different decomposition temperatures of Sn and Cd metal-organic precursors were used to achieve the composition variation. The structural properties varied with the composition along the gas flow direction, cubic CdO, spinel Cd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , amorphous, and finally the tetragonal SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> structure was observed with the optical bandgap of the films increasing from ~2.7 to 3.65 eV. The highest electron mobility was achieved within the amorphous phase, at a composition range of Cd-to-Sn of 2-to-1~1-to-1.
Subpixel registration of images (2003)

Phase correlation has been studied as a tool for registering pairs of images to subpixel resolution. Shekarforoush et al. (1994) investigated an algorithm that works well for when observed data are samples of ideally bandlimited images. In fact, images of real scenes captured by modern optics are not ideally bandlimited images. This paper examines how aliasing in sampled images effects the ideal phase relationships between continuous images undergoing translational shifts. We show that the performance of standard phase correlation methods for subpixel image registration can be severely degraded with moderate amounts of aliasing, and we investigate two approaches for modeling aliasing effects in order to improve subpixel image registration accuracy. The first approach, a very simple algorithm, both conceptually and computationally is based on detecting those frequency components that have become unreliable estimators of shift due to aliasing, and removing the detected components from the shift estimate. The second approach, more ambitious and more complex, attempts to undo the effects of aliasing and to use all de-aliased frequency components in the shift estimator.
Diagnosis of software failures using computational geometry (2011)

Complex software systems have become commonplace in modern organizations and are considered critical to their daily operations. They are expected to run on a diverse set of platforms while interoperating with a wide variety of other applications. Although there have been advances in the discipline of software engineering, software faults, and malicious attacks still regularly cause system downtime [1]. Downtime of critical applications can create additional work, cause delays, and lead to financial loss [2]. This paper presents a computational geometry technique to tackle the problem of timely failure diagnosis during the execution of a software application. Our approach to failure diagnosis involves collecting a set of software metrics and building a geometric enclosures corresponding to known classes of faults. The geometric enclosures are then used to partition the state space defined by the metrics.
Predicting vehicular travel times by modeling heterogeneous influences between arterial roads (2017)

Predicting travel times of vehicles in urban settings is a useful and tangible quantity of interest in the context of intelligent transportation systems. We address the problem of travel time prediction in arterial roads using data sampled from probe vehicles. There is only a limited literature on methods using data input from probe vehicles. The spatio-temporal dependencies captured by existing data driven approaches are either too detailed or very simplistic. We strike a balance of the existing data driven approaches to account for varying degrees of influence a given road may experience from its neighbors, while controlling the number of parameters to be learnt. Specifically, we use a NoisyOR conditional probability distribution (CPD) in conjunction with a dynamic bayesian network (DBN) to model state transitions of various roads. We propose an efficient algorithm to learn model parameters. We propose an algorithm for predicting travel times on trips of arbitrary durations. Using synthetic and real world data traces we demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method under different traffic conditions.
Prospects for<i>in vivo</i>Raman spectroscopy (2000)

Raman spectroscopy is a potentially important clinical tool for real-time diagnosis of disease and in situ evaluation of living tissue. The purpose of this article is to review the biological and physical basis of Raman spectroscopy of tissue, to assess the current status of the field and to explore future directions. The principles of Raman spectroscopy and the molecular level information it provides are explained. An overview of the evolution of Raman spectroscopic techniques in biology and medicine, from early investigations using visible laser excitation to present-day technology based on near-infrared laser excitation and charge-coupled device array detection, is presented. State-of-the-art Raman spectrometer systems for research laboratory and clinical settings are described. Modern methods of multivariate spectral analysis for extracting diagnostic, chemical and morphological information are reviewed. Several in-depth applications are presented to illustrate the methods of collecting, processing and analysing data, as well as the range of medical applications under study. Finally, the issues to be addressed in implementing Raman spectroscopy in various clinical applications, as well as some long-term directions for future study, are discussed.
Next generation Advanced Laser Fluorometry (ALF) for characterization of natural aquatic environments: new instruments (2013)

The new optical design allows single- or multi-wavelength excitation of laser-stimulated emission (LSE), provides optimized LSE optical collection for spectral and temporal analyses, and incorporates swappable modules for flow-through and small-volume sample measurements. The basic instrument configuration uses 510 nm laser excitation for assessments of chlorophyll-a, phycobiliprotein pigments, variable fluorescence (F(v)/F(m)) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in CDOM-rich waters. The three-laser instrument configuration (375, 405, and 510 nm excitation) provides additional Fv/Fm measurements with 405 nm excitation, CDOM assessments in a broad concentration range, and potential for spectral discrimination between oil and CDOM fluorescence. The new measurement protocols, analytical algorithms and examples of laboratory and field measurements are discussed.
<title>Multiplexed fiber optic temperature-sensing system</title> (1993)

A multiplexed temperature sensing system is constructed by cascading three temperature sensors along one multimode fiber such that each individual sensor responds to its local temperature disturbance. The sensing element of each sensor is a dielectric edge filter with a specific cutoff wavelength. White light serves as the light source. The performance of this sensor is based on the temperature dependence of the reflection or transmission spectrum of each filter. The reflected or transmitted light from the filter is then sent to two dielectric bandpass filters, which are selected for each particular edge filter and referred to as the sensing and reference filters, respectively. A photometer is placed behind each bandpass filter. The ratio of the sensing filter power to the reference filter power is a function of temperature. Since the cutoff wavelengths of these edge filters (sensors) along the fiber are well separated, the multiplexed signals are divided by different pairs of bandpass filters. In the corresponding experiments, three edge filters were cascaded and 100/104 micrometers graded index fibers were used. A resolution of each temperature sensor was determined to be +/- 0.2 degree(s)C over the temperature range of 30 degree(s)C to 100 degree(s)C.
Reduction of the Stimulated Raman Scattering Threshold due to Rayleigh Scattering and End Reflections (1995)

As high power lasers become available in the low-loss wavelength region of the optical fibers, it becomes of increasing interest to understand in detail the onset of the nonlinear effects that limit the amount of continuous wave power that can be launched in the fiber. Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is the nonlinear effect with lowest threshold [1], but due its narrow gain bandwidth this effect can be easily suppressed by using incoherent sources or by dithering the frequency [2]. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) has a threshold of the order of 1 W, but its large bandwidth makes it difficult to counteract, therefore it is in practice the limiting effect whenever high powers have to be transmitted through optical fiber.
Active Detuning of MRI Receive Coils with GaN FETs (2015)

Here, we present the use of Gallium Nitride (GaN) FETs as a replacement for PIN diodes in active detuning circuits for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receive coils at 63.6 MHz. We use simulated circuit models, benchtop measurements, and imaging experiments to show that GaN FETs perform comparably with a common MRI-compatible PIN diode. The GaN FET-based circuits require orders of magnitude less bias current to operate, effectively eliminating B0 distortion resulting from biasing.
A new process aid for melt compounding of PVC with ethylene copolymer resins (1997)

Abstract Ethylene copolymer resin (ECR) modifiers are solid, high molecular weight, permanent plasticizers for PVC. During the melt compounding step, the low melting ECR (m.p. ∼50°C) melts first forming a relatively low viscosity phase in which the higher melting ( Tg ∼80°C) and more viscous PVC powder grains (∼150 μm in diameter) are suspended. Under these conditions, it is sometimes difficult to get enough shear energy into the system to break down, or flux, all of the PVC grains into unagglomerated primary particles (∼1 μm diameter). The remaining grains appear as gel‐like heterogeneities, in the final blend, that can produce rough, pimpled extrudates with reduced physical properties. This paper describes the use of a new experimental process aid that significantly improves homogenization, during the melt compounding process, leading to improved product quality and/or production rates.
Effects of sampling on the phase transfer function of incoherent imaging systems (2011)

With the advent of modern-day computational imagers, the phase of the optical transfer function may no longer be summarily ignored. This study discusses some important properties of the phase transfer function (PTF) of digital incoherent imaging systems and their implications on the performance and characterization of these systems. The effects of aliasing and sub-pixel image shifts on the phase of the complex frequency response of these sampled systems are described, including an examination of the specific case of moderate aliasing. Key properties of this function in aliased imaging systems are derived and their potential treatment to a range of diverse applications encompassing traditional and computational imaging systems is discussed.