gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
iTUG, a Sensitive and Reliable Measure of Mobility (2010)

Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a widely used clinical paradigm to evaluate balance and mobility. Although TUG includes several complex subcomponents, namely: sit-to-stand, gait, 180 degree turn, and turn-to-sit; the only outcome is the total time to perform the task. We have proposed an instrumented TUG, called iTUG, using portable inertial sensors to improve TUG in several ways: automatic detection and separation of subcomponents, detailed analysis of each one of them and a higher sensitivity than TUG. Twelve subjects in early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 age matched control subjects were enrolled. Stopwatch measurements did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The iTUG, however, showed a significant difference in cadence between early PD and control subjects (111.1 +/- 6.2 versus 120.4 +/- 7.6 step/min, p < 0.006) as well as in angular velocity of arm-swing (123 +/- 32.0 versus 174.0+/-50.4 degrees/s, p < 0.005), turning duration (2.18 +/- 0.43 versus 1.79 +/- 0.27 s, p < 0.023), and time to perform turn-to-sits (2.96 +/- 0.68 versus 2.40 +/- 0.33 s, p < 0.023). By repeating the tests for a second time, the test-retest reliability of iTUG was also evaluated. Among the subcomponents of iTUG, gait, turning, and turn-to-sit were the most reliable and sit-to-stand was the least reliable.
Phase-only synthesis of conformal aperiodic reflectarrays with multi-frequency specifications (2012)

A synthesis technique for reflectarray antennas is here proposed, aimed to allow a multi-frequency design of an antenna whose degrees of freedom are, apart from the standard ones, also the element positions and the reflecting surface shape. The approach is based on a proper multi-frequency formulation that allows to optimize the antenna behavior over a certain bandwidth.
Real-time optimization method of write strategy for optical discs (2011)

Real-time write strategy optimization method for optical discs is proposed. Write strategy is continuously optimized during recording against the variation of recording characteristics and environments. Effectiveness is experimentally confirmed with BD and DVD discs.
Suppression of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in an Er-Yb Fiber Amplifier Utilizing Temperature-Segmentation (2005)

Temperature segmentation of a narrow linewidth double clad Er-Yb fiber amplifier at intervals comparable to the temperature-equivalent Brillouin gain-bandwidth suppresses stimulated Brillouin scattering by ~ 7.1 dB relative to a uniform room-temperature amplifier.
New IR materials for multispectral optics (Conference Presentation) (2017)

There is a strong desire to reduce size and weight of single and multiband IR imaging systems in ISR operations on hand-held, helmet mounted or airborne platforms. Current systems are limited by bulky optics. We have recently developed a large number of new optical materials based on chalcogenide glasses which transmit in SWIR to LWIR wavelength region that fill up the glass map for multispectral optics and vary in refractive index from 2.38 to 3.17. They show a large spread in dispersion (Abbe number) and offer some unique solutions for multispectral optics designs. These glasses were specifically designed to have comparable glass molding temperatures and thermal properties to be able to laminate and co-mold the optics and reduce the number of air-glass interfaces (lower Fresnel reflection losses). These new NRL glasses also have negative or very low positive dn/dT making it easier to athermalize the optical system. This presentation will cover discussions on the new optical materials, multispectral designs, fabrication and characterization of new optics.
Affinity purification of heparin‐dependent antibodies to platelet factor 4 developed in heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: biological characteristics and effects on platelet activation (2000)

Antibodies to heparin platelet factor 4 (H-PF4) complexes were purified from the plasma of three patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) using affinity chromatography. From each plasma, the largest amount of antibodies was eluted with 2 M NaCl at pH 7.5 (peak 1) and the remainder was obtained using 0.1 M glycine/0. 5 M NaCl at pH 2.5 (peak 2). In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we then showed that each patient had developed antibodies to PF4 displaying different characteristics. In patient 1, peak 1 IgG reacted almost exclusively with H-PF4 complexes, whereas peak 2 IgG had similar reactivity with PF4 whether or not heparin was present. Patient 2 expressed a mixture of IgA, IgM and IgG and both fractions bound to PF4 alone or to H-PF4 complexes. Finally, IgG in patient 3 only bound to H-PF4 and was unreactive with PF4 alone. Using [14C]-serotonin release assays, the antibodies developed in the three patients and exhibiting the strongest ability to activate platelets with heparin were those having the highest affinity to H-PF4. These results strongly support the hypothesis that HIT antibodies to PF4 are heterogeneous regarding their affinity and specificity for target antigens and this may greatly influence their ability to activate platelets and their pathogenicity.
A new hand exoskeleton device for rehabilitation using a three-layered sliding spring mechanism (2013)

In this paper, a new hand exoskeleton device using a three-layered sliding spring mechanism is presented. In contrast to state of the art hand exoskeleton mechanisms (typically link, wire or pneumatically driven), the proposed mechanism is driven through large deformations of the compliant mechanism body. The mechanism can be made compact and lightweight by adequately positioning the compliant elements. In addition, the mechanism is designed to distribute 1-DOF actuated linear motion into three rotational motions of the finger joints, which translate into natural finger flexion/extension. The primary application of the proposed mechanism is to provide robotic support during physical therapy at the hospital (e.g. Continuous Passive Motion). However, thanks to its light and wearable structure, the proposed device could also be used at home as an assistive/therapeutic device to support activities of daily living. We introduce the mechanical structure of the three-layered sliding spring mechanism, present a prototype implementation as a hand exoskeleton device, and provide a preliminary evaluation.
Regulatory Effects of Peptides from the Pro and Catalytic Domains of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) on Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDL-R) (2010)

Our study concludes that specific peptides from pro- and catalytic domains of hPCSK9 can regulate LDL-R in cell based assay and may be useful for development of novel therapeutics for cholesterol regulation.
Spatial Statistics for Segmenting Histological Structures in H&E Stained Tissue Images (2017)

Segmenting a broad class of histological structures in transmitted light and/or fluorescence-based images is a prerequisite for determining the pathological basis of cancer, elucidating spatial interactions between histological structures in tumor microenvironments (e.g., tumor infiltrating lymphocytes), facilitating precision medicine studies with deep molecular profiling, and providing an exploratory tool for pathologists. This paper focuses on segmenting histological structures in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained images of breast tissues, e.g., invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, atypical and normal ducts, adipose tissue, and lymphocytes. We propose two graph-theoretic segmentation methods based on local spatial color and nuclei neighborhood statistics. For benchmarking, we curated a data set of 232 high-power field breast tissue images together with expertly annotated ground truth. To accurately model the preference for histological structures (ducts, vessels, tumor nets, adipose, etc.) over the remaining connective tissue and non-tissue areas in ground truth annotations, we propose a new region-based score for evaluating segmentation algorithms. We demonstrate the improvement of our proposed methods over the state-of-the-art algorithms in both region- and boundary-based performance measures.
Microwave Technique for the On-Line Determination of Unburnt Carbon in Fly Ash (1990)

The CSIRO Division of Mineral and Process Engineering has developed a microwave technique for the on-line determination of unburnt carbon in fly ash from coal-fired power stations. A laboratory evaluation of the technique has been made using 20 fly ash samples from six New South Wales and Queensland power stations. The unburnt carbon has been determined over the range 0.1-12 wt% carbon, with r.m.s. errors in the range 0.08 to 0.28 wt% for individual power stations. A plant trial of industrial prototype gauges will be conducted at a New South Wales power station during 1990.
PHAST: Hardware-Accelerated Shortest Path Trees (2011)

We present a novel algorithm to solve the nonnegative single-source shortest path problem on road networks and other graphs with low highway dimension. After a quick preprocessing phase, we can compute all distances from a given source in the graph with essentially a linear sweep over all vertices. Because this sweep is independent of the source, we are able to reorder vertices in advance to exploit locality. Moreover, our algorithm takes advantage of features of modern CPU architectures, such as SSE and multi-core. Compared to Dijkstra's algorithm, our method needs fewer operations, has better locality, and is better able to exploit parallelism at multi-core and instruction levels. We gain additional speedup when implementing our algorithm on a GPU, where our algorithm is up to three orders of magnitude faster than Dijkstra's algorithm on a high-end CPU. This makes applications based on all-pairs shortest-paths practical for continental-sized road networks. Several algorithms, such as computing the graph diameter, exact arc flags, or centrality measures (exact reaches or betweenness), can be greatly accelerated by our method.
Enhancement of therapeutic drug and DNA delivery into cells by electroporation* (2003)

The effectiveness of potentially powerful therapeutics, including DNA, is often limited by their inability to permeate the cell membrane efficiently. Electroporation (EP) also referred to as `electropermeabilization' of the outer cell membrane renders this barrier temporarily permeable by inducing `pores' across the lipid bilayer. For in vivo EP, the drug or DNA is delivered into the interstitial space of the target tissue by conventional means, followed by local EP. EP pulses of micro- to millisecond duration and field strengths of 100–1500 V cm−1 generally enhance the delivery of certain chemotherapeutic drugs by three to four orders of magnitude and intracellular delivery of DNA several hundred-fold. We have used EP in clinical studies for human cancer therapy and in animals for gene therapy and DNA vaccination. Late stage squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck were treated with intratumoural injection of bleomycin and subsequent EP. Of the 69 tumours treated, 25% disappeared completely and another 32% were reduced in volume by more than half. Residence time of bleomycin in electroporated tumours was significantly greater than in non-electroporated lesions. Histological findings and gene expression patterns after bleomycin-EP treatment indicated rapid apoptosis of the majority of tumour cells. In animals, we demonstrated the usefulness of EP for enhanced DNA delivery by achieving normalization of blood clotting times in haemophilic dogs, and by substantially increasing transgene expression in smooth muscle cells of arterial walls using a novel porous balloon EP catheter. Finally, we have found in animal experiments that the immune response to DNA vaccines can be dramatically enhanced and accelerated by EP and co-injection of micron-sized particles. We conclude that EP represents an effective, economical and safe approach to enhance the intracellular delivery, and thus potency, of important drugs and genes for therapeutic purposes. The safety and pharmaco-economic profile of EP compares favourably with other drug and DNA delivery methods.
Extracting Overlay Invariants of Distributed Systems for Autonomic System Management (2010)

Many large-scale distributed systems have been built with great complexity to run Internet services. Due to the heterogeneity and dynamics of complex systems, it is very difficult to characterize their behavior precisely for system management. While we collect large amount of monitoring data from distributed systems as system observables, it is hard for us to interpret the data without constructing reasonable system models. Our previous work proposed algorithms to extract invariants from monitoring data to profile complex systems. However, such invariants are extracted between pair wise system measurements but not among multiple measurements. Based on minimal redundancy maximal relevance subset selection and least angle regression, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm to automatically extract overlay invariants from the layer of pair wise invariant networks. The overlay invariants link separated pair wise invariant subnets and enable us to support many system management tasks such as fault detection and capacity planning. Experimental results from synthetic data and real commercial systems are also included to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithm.
Benzoic acid inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase (1995)

A strategy was developed to design non-carbohydrate inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase. Using an iterative cycle of modeling, synthesis, biological testing and X-ray crystallography structure determination, a series of inhibitors based on benzoic acid were produced. The refined structures of three compounds complexed with neuraminidase are reported. The results demonstrate the success of this structure-based drug-design strategy.
Magnetic nanoparticle-supported glutathione: a conceptually sustainable organocatalyst (2009)

A conceptually novel nanoparticle-supported and magnetically recoverable organocatalyst has been developed, which is readily prepared from inexpensive starting materials in a truly sustainable manner; which catalyzes the Paal-Knorr reaction with high yield in pure aqueous medium that avoids the use of toxic organic solvents, even in the workup step.
Abstract 5655: Infectivity selective oncolytic adenovirus for pancreatic cancer by redesigning the AB-loop via adenovirus library screening (2012)

Abstract A number of cancers, including pancreatic cancer, are resistant to adenovirus (Ad) infection. Genetically coded viral capsid modification has achieved increased infectivity but not much target specificity. Direct selection of targeted vector from Ad library is a promising approach to overcome this issue. We have established a novel Ad vector generating system enabling a huge-size Ad library. We hypothesize that Ad with redesigned AB-loop isolated by the screening of the new library system would result in a new class of oncolytic adenovirus with selective infectivity for the therapy of pancreatic cancer. Ad AB-loop library was screened with mesothelin-expressing 293 cells (293-MSLN) to target mesothelin (MSLN) which is highly over-expressed in pancreatic cancer, and the clones converged to one dominant clone. The binding of Ad with selected clone was analyzed with 293, Panc-1, MiaPaCa-2, A549 and 293-MSLN. The binding was significantly higher in 293-MSLN than any other cells and corresponded to the order of MSLN-expression by FACS analysis. The anti-MSLN siRNA and antibody significantly reduced the binding to MSLN expressing cells. The binding ability of the virus with this motif in Panc-1 was higher than that of Ad with 5/3 modified fiber which is known to exhibit remarkably enhanced infectivity pancreatic cancer cells. The anti-tumor effect was analyzed in vivo using Panc-1 as a MSLN-positive and MiaPaCa-2 as a MSLN-negative subcutaneous tumors. The injection of the selected clone showed significant anti-tumor effect against Panc-1 tumors, and almost complete regression of some Panc-1 tumors was observed, while it didn't demonstrate anti-tumor effect against MiaPaCa-2 tumors. The hexon immunostaining and the intratumoral viral copy number also indicated that the selected clone replicated in MSLN-positive pancreatic cancer, but not in MSLN-negative cancer. In this study, we selected MSLN targeting Ad vector from the high throughput screening of Ad library by infectivity. The selected clone exhibited significant infectivity to MSLN-positive pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This new genetically modified oncolytic Ad with selective infectivity to pancreatic cancer may embody next generation targeted therapeutics for this devastating disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5655. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5655
JURY: Validating Controller Actions in Software-Defined Networks (2016)

Software-defined networks (SDNs) only logically centralize the control plane. In reality, SDN controllers are distributed entities, which may exhibit different behavior on event triggers. We identify several classes of faults that afflict an SDN controller cluster and demonstrate them on two enterprise SDN controllers, ONOS and OpenDaylight. We present JURY, a system to validate controller activities in a clustered SDN deployment, involving topological and forwarding state, without imposing any restrictions on the controller behavior. Our evaluation shows that JURY requires minimal changes to the SDN controllers for deployment, and is capable of validating controller actions in near real time with low performance overheads.
2‘-<i>O</i>-{2-[<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-(Dialkyl)aminooxy]ethyl}- Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides (2000)

[structure] Oligonucleotides with two novel modifications, 2'-O-¿2-[N, N-(dimethyl)aminooxy]ethyl¿ (2'-O-DMAOE) and 2'-O-¿2-[N, N-(diethyl)aminooxy]ethyl¿ (2'-O-DEAOE), have been synthesized. These modifications exhibit high binding affinity to target RNA (and not to DNA) and enhance the nuclease stability of oligonucleotides considerably with t(1/2) > 24 h as a phosphodiester.
XFA: Faster Signature Matching with Extended Automata (2008)

Automata-based representations and related algorithms have been applied to address several problems in information security, and often the automata had to be augmented with additional information. For example, extended finite-state automata (EFSA) augment finite-state automata (FSA) with variables to track dependencies between arguments of system calls. In this paper, we introduce extended finite automata (XFAs) which augment FSAs with finite scratch memory and instructions to manipulate this memory. Our primary motivation for introducing XFAs is signature matching inNetwork Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Representing NIDS signatures as deterministic finite-state automata (DFAs) results in very fast signature matching but for several classes of signatures DFAs can blowup in space. Using nondeterministic finite-state automata (NFA) to represent NIDS signatures results in a succinct representation but at the expense of higher time complexity for signature matching. In other words, DFAs are time-efficient but space-inefficient, and NFAs are space-efficient but time-inefficient. In our experiments we have noticed that for a large class of NIDS signatures XFAs have time complexity similar to DFAs and space complexity similar to NFAs. For our test set, XFAs use 10 timesless memory than a DFA-based solution, yet achieve 20 times higher matching speeds.
Endogenous adenosine maintains cartilage homeostasis and exogenous adenosine inhibits osteoarthritis progression (2017)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage destruction and chondrocytes have a central role in this process. With age and inflammation chondrocytes have reduced capacity to synthesize and maintain ATP, a molecule important for cartilage homeostasis. Here we show that concentrations of ATP and adenosine, its metabolite, fall after treatment of mouse chondrocytes and rat tibia explants with IL-1β, an inflammatory mediator thought to participate in OA pathogenesis. Mice lacking A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) or ecto-5'nucleotidase (an enzyme that converts extracellular AMP to adenosine) develop spontaneous OA and chondrocytes lacking A2AR develop an 'OA phenotype' with increased expression of Mmp13 and Col10a1. Adenosine replacement by intra-articular injection of liposomal suspensions containing adenosine prevents development of OA in rats. These results support the hypothesis that maintaining extracellular adenosine levels is an important homeostatic mechanism, loss of which contributes to the development of OA; targeting adenosine A2A receptors might treat or prevent OA.
Alkene Chemoselectivity in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed <i>Z</i>‐Selective Olefin Metathesis (2013)

Chelated ruthenium catalysts can facilitate highly chemoselective olefin metathesis. Terminal and internal Z olefins reacted selectively to form new Z olefins in the presence of internal E olefins. Chemoselectivity for terminal olefins was also observed over both sterically hindered and electronically deactivated alkenes.
Real-Time Detection of Potassium Cyanide Pollution in Surface Waters Using Electric Organ Discharges Wave Emitted by the Tropical Fish, Apteronotus Albifrons (1996)

Abstract A new biological early warning system which exploits the electric organ discharges (EOD) of the South American tropical fish Apteronotus albifrons (Gymnotiformes) is described. Thanks to its neurogenic electric organ, this fish continually emits wave form electric signals. The time variations of the EOD frequency and wave form, two characteristics known to be very stable under constant ambient conditions, were recorded and analysed in a closed circuit to derive therefrom an assessment of the ability of A. albifrons to detect the presence of potassium cyanide. The ultimate aim is to incorporate the technique into a system for detecting changes in the quality of surface waters. The KCN detection threshold was found to be 35 µg.L−1. The response times in 50 % of fish sensors to detect the different cyanide concentrations tested (i.e. 35, 45, 70, 125 and 180 µg.L−1) were always shorter than half an hour. Minor cyanide concentrations provoked a fall in the EOD frequency while the number of pulses emitted per second increased with higher concentrations. Particularly relevant information was also supplied especially by the analysis of the even harmonics of the EOD wave form. Combining the time variations of EOD frequency with the wave form responses was found not only to reduce the KCN detection time but also to increase the percentage of fish showing positive responses. Keywords: Water qualitybiomonitoringelectric fishcyanide