gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Training Symbol Assisted in-Band OSNR Monitoring Technique for PDM-CO-OFDM System (2017)

We proposed and demonstrated an in-band optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring method for a polarization-division-multiplexed coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (PDM-CO-OFDM) system. OSNR of the PDM signals on both polarization tributaries can be simultaneously monitored by calculating the electrical SNR with low complexity by taking advantage of the uncorrelation property between the noise and training symbol, which is used for conventional frame synchronization. This OSNR monitoring technique is verified in 103.57-Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation-based PDM CO-OFDM transmission system with 240-1440-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) links. Experimental results show that after calibration, the OSNR estimation error is less than 0.6 dB in a dynamic range of 12-27 dB, the estimation remains accurate even after 1440-km SSMF transmission, regardless of the chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion in the fiber. To further investigate the robustness of the proposed OSNR monitoring method, additional simulation is implemented on VPI and MATLAB platform. It turned out to be insensitive to nonlinear effect within reasonable range as our monitoring technique shows good performance with launching power below -2 dBm after 500-km SSMF transmission. The proposed technique could still accurately monitor the individual OSNR of each polarization tributary of the PDM signal even in the presence of 5-dB polarization-dependent loss.
Microgels: model polymers for the crosslinked state (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrogels: model polymers for the crosslinked stateMarkus Antonietti, Wolfgang Bremser, and Manfred SchmidtCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 16, 3796–3805Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00218a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1071Altmetric-Citations207LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Antiproliferative Constituents in Umbelliferae Plants. III. Constituents in the Root and the Ground Part of Anthriscus sylvestris HOFFM. (1998)

The MeOH extract of the root and the ground part of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. showed a high inhibitory activity against MK-1, HeLa, and B16F10 cell growth in vitro. The activity was found only in the CHCI3-soluble fractions. From the CHCI3-soluble fraction of the root, falcarindiol, 1-(3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1 xi-methoxy-2-propene, elemicin, and nemerosin were newly isolated in addition to deoxypodophyllotoxin (anthricin), anthriscusin, (-)-deoxypodorhizone, and anthriscinol methyl ether which were reported earlier as constituents of the root of this plant. From the CHCI3-soluble fraction of the ground part, deoxypodophyllotoxin, (-)-deoxypodorhizone, nemerosin, and falcarindiol were isolated. In vitro antiproliferative activities of the isolates against MK-1, HeLa, and B16F10 cells are reported.
Risk of prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancer among relatives of women with breast cancer. (1992)

Coaggregation exists between breast cancer and cancers of the prostate, ovaries, and endometrium. This risk relation is probably based on genes which act by increasing the risk for cancer at these sites. Environmental factors that are common among relatives may also play a part. Continued research is required into pathophysiological mechanisms that could explain these observations.
A Retrospective Analysis of Serum CA 15-3 Concentrations in Patients with Localised or Metastatic Renal Cancer and its Impact on Prognosis and Follow-up. A Single-centre Experience (2002)

Background . Monitoring patients with renal cancer for recurrence or progression is ineffective, inconvenient and costly. We conducted a retrospective analysis of serum CA 15-3 concentrations in a single-centre patient database and examined its impact on prognosis and follow-up. Material and methods . Serum CA 15-3 levels were studied in 46 patients (26 male, 20 female, median age 61) with histologically confirmed renal cancer. Distribution for stage I/II/III/IV disease was 15/12/4/15, respectively. All but one patient underwent curative nephrectomy or biopsy. Metastases were diagnosed in 26 patients. Six patients developed lung metastases, 6 bony, 3 liver, 4 nodal and 9 patients had deposits in multiple organ systems. Results . Abnormal serum CA 15-3 values were detected in 23% of patients (6/26) with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis of metastases. Median concentrations for patients with localised and metastatic disease were 17 and 26 U/ml, respectively (Student's t -test p =0.019, upper limit of reference range 31.3). High marker levels were commoner in patients with lung metastases (4/11), with a median CA 15-3 value of 89 U/ml. In 11 patients with metastases prospectively followed-up, the correlation between a more than two-fold serum marker concentration increase with disease progression yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 62.5, 100, 100 and 50%, respectively, not of statistical significance. The correlation between detection of marker increase and cancer relapse in 31 patients with resected tumours yielded sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 40, 95, 80 and 77%, respectively, reaching marginal statistical significance ( p =0.05). At a median follow-up of 28 months, there was a trend for better 2-year overall survival in patients with normal versus high baseline marker concentrations (89 versus 53%, Logrank p =0.05 ). Among metastatic disease patients, the 2-year overall survival difference (79 versus 60%) reached statistical significance (Logrank p =0.035 ). Conclusion . Despite the lack of sensitivity and a poor correlation with tumour burden, monitoring of serum CA 15-3 levels may contribute towards a more effective follow-up and treatment of patients with renal cancer, especially in the subgroup of patients with pulmonary metastases. The indications for prognostic significance of baseline marker levels in terms of overall survival may be interpreted on the basis of aggressive phenotype or tumour-host immunological interactions.
Accumulation of Boron in Malignant and Normal Cells Incubated In Vitro with Boronophenylalanine, Mercaptoborane or Boric Acid (1996)

The short (< 10 microns) ranges of alpha and 7Li particles produced during boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) make the partitioning of the boronated drug within and without the cell of critical importance. The evaluation of the potential usefulness of a boron-containing substance for BNCT requires information about its intracellular accumulation. In the present report, an in vitro method is described for direct measurement of intracellular boron based on rapid centrifugation of cells through a layer of mineral oil and silicon oil to strip away extracellular growth medium. The intracellular concentrations of boronophenylalanine (BPA), mercaptoborane (BSH) and horic acid in malignant cells and in normal cells have been compared. The accumulation ratio is defined as the ratio of the intracellular to the extracellular boron concentration. Boric acid showed an accumulation ratio of 1 while the ratios for BSH and BPA were dependent on cell type and tended to be greater for BPA than for BSH in malignant but not in normal cells.
Detection and subtyping of Herpes simplex virus in clinical samples by LightCycler PCR, enzyme immunoassay and cell culture (2002)

This study showed that the LC-PCR provided a highly sensitive test for simultaneous detection and subtyping of HSV in a single reaction tube. In addition to increased sensitivity, the LightCycler PCR provided reduced turn-around-times (2 hours) when compared to enzyme immunoassay (4 hours) or culture (4 days).
Subband coding of digital audio signals (1989)

<p>A subband coding method for high-quality digital audio signals is described. To achieve low bit rates at a high quality level, it exploits the simultaneous masking effect of the human ear. It is shown how this effect can be used in an adaptive bit allocation scheme. The method is capable of reducing the bit rate of a compact disk signal by a factor of seven. Results obtained with a low-complexity and a high-complexity system are discussed.</p>
A simple model of river meandering and its comparison to natural channels (2002)

Abstract We develop a new method for analysis of meandering channels based on planform sinuosity. This analysis objectively identifies three channel‐reach lengths based on sinuosity measured at those lengths: the length of typical, simple bends; the length of long, often compound bends; and the length of several bends in sequence that often evolve from compound bends to form multibend loops. These lengths, when normalized by channel width, tend to fall into distinct and clustered ranges for different natural channels. Mean sinuosity at these lengths also falls into distinct ranges. That range is largest for the third and greatest length, indicating that, for some streams, multibend loops are important for planform sinuosity, whereas for other streams, multibend loops are less important. The role of multibend loops is seldom addressed in the literature, and they are not well predicted by previous modelling efforts. Also neglected by previous modelling efforts is bank–flow interaction and its role in meander evolution. We introduce a simple river meandering model based on topographic steering that has more in common with cellular approaches to channel braiding and landscape evolution modelling than to rigorous, physics‐based analyses of river meandering. The model is sufficient to produce reasonable meandering channel evolution and predicts compound bend and multibend loop formation similar to that observed in nature, in both mechanism and importance for planform sinuosity. In the model, the tendency to form compound bends is sensitive to the relative magnitudes of two lengths governing meander evolution: (i) the distance between the bend cross‐over and the zone of maximum bank shear stress, and (ii) the bank shear stress dissipation length related to bank roughness. In our simple model, the two lengths are independent. This sensitivity implies that the tendency for natural channels to form compound bends may be greater when the banks are smoother. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Empirical Study of Cabinet Governance (2008)

Abstract To understand why and how political actors form, govern, and terminate cabinets we must consider the choices made by these actors under uncertainty and complexity as well as under the shadow of the past and the promise of the future. We are thus interested in both retrospective and anticipatory logics, and in how this is played out in the real world. Drawing on the first two chapters of this book, in the following eight chapters the contributors analyse specific phases of the governmental process, including the bargaining process, coalition contracts, cabinet composition, portfolio allocation, conflict management, termination, duration, and electoral performance.
"Ourselves Alone": History, Nationalism, and The Nation, 1842-5 (2011)

This paper focuses on the origins of modern Irish nationalism in the 19th century newspaper The Nation. Co-editor Thomas Davis ideologically led the paper while reinvisioning Irish history. In the poetry section of The Nation, Davis constructed a new timeline of Ireland supportive of an inclusive modern nationalism. Though his dreams of Irish home-rule failed to be realized, Davis's ideology and poetry had a lasting effect on Irish nationalists.
Calcitonin Affects Both Bone and Cartilage (2007)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of degenerative joint diseases and a major cause of disability and impaired quality of life in the elderly. OA is a complex disease involving both bone and cartilage properties, and may therefore require alternative approaches for treatment. Recent lines of evidence suggest that calcitonin acts on both osteoclasts and chondrocytes. The review summarizes emerging observations from cell biology to preliminary clinical trials, describing possible chondroprotective effects of calcitonin. This review summarizes peer-reviewed articles found using predefined search criteria and published in the PubMed database before June 2007. In addition, abstracts from the OsteoArthritis Research Society International (OARSI) conferences in the time period 2000 to 2006 were included. A range of studies, at the cellular level, in animal models, and in clinical trials, describe positive effects of calcitonin on bone health. Regarding articular cartilage, direct effects of calcitonin on chondrocytes on matrix synthesis, as well as inhibition of cartilage degradation, have been presented. In addition, clinical evidence for a chondroprotective effect of calcitonin is emerging. Several lines of evidence suggest direct anabolic effects of calcitonin on articular chondrocytes, resulting in increased proteoglycan synthesis. The anticatabolic effects of calcitonin may involve induction of cAMP, resulting in attenuation of MMP-mediated cartilage degradation. Presently there is limited availability of chondroprotective agents. Therefore, the current clinical research on calcitonin is highly anticipated, and may prove calcitonin treatment efficacious for the prevention and treatment of OA.
Speculation on interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of blends of PET and thermotropic polyester with flexible spacer groups (1990)

Abstract A thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (LCP) with a long flexible spacer group in the main chain was prepared by melt polymerization and mixed with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that the crystallization of PET was accelerated by the addition of LCP in the matrix. Interfacial adhesion between PET and LCP was much improved by introduction of a long flexible spacer in the main chain. Fibers of the blend with 30 wt percent of LCP had fine microfibrillar structure with a large aspect ratio formed in the matrix. Initial modulus and ultimate strength were highly elevated by the addition of LCP due to good interfacial adhesion and microfibrillar structure of LCP in the blend.
Soft shadow maps for area light by area approximation (2003)

Shadow mapping has been a popular way of generating shadows in real-time applications, but it is still incapable of generating realistic real time soft shadows for area light. There is an algorithm for generating soft shadows for linear light with few samples, but the algorithm is not suitable for area light. The author presents a modified method to the shadow mapping algorithm for linear light. The new method can produce convincing soft shadows for area light in real time applications.
Taming Unstructured Sparsity on GPUs via Latency-Aware Optimization (2020)

Neural Networks (NNs) exhibit high redundancy in their parameters so that pruning methods can achieve high compression ratio without accuracy loss. However, the very high sparsity produced by unstructured pruning methods is difficult to be efficiently mapped onto Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) because of its decoding overhead and workload imbalance. With the introduction of Tensor Core, the latest GPUs achieve even higher throughput for the dense neural networks. This makes unstructured neural networks fail to outperform their dense counterparts because they are not currently supported by Tensor Core. To tackle this problem, prior work suggests structured pruning to improve the performance of sparse NNs on GPUs. However, such structured pruning methods have to sacrifice a significant part of sparsity to retain the model accuracy, which limits the speedup on the hardware. In this paper, we observe that the Tensor Core is also able to compute unstructured sparse NNs efficiently. To achieve this goal, we first propose ExTensor, a set of sparse Tensor Core instructions with a variable input matrix tile size. The variable tile size allows a matrix multiplication to be implemented by mixing different types of ExTensor instructions. We build a performance model to estimate the latency of an ExTensor instruction given an operand sparse weight matrix. Based on this model, we propose a heuristic algorithm to find the optimal sequence of the instructions for an ExTensor based kernel to achieve the best performance on the GPU. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves 36% better performance than the state-of-the-art sparse Tensor Core design.
Generation of radio orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves with circular metallic waveguide (2015)

We present a novel way to generate radio waves bearing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) in the horn antenna by using a circular metallic waveguide. The OAM mode ℓ = 1 is generated by combination of two TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> modes inside a circular metallic waveguide. The resulting electrical field distribution and the radiation patterns evidence the properties of waves carrying OAM. The influences of the horn structure on the properties of the generated OAM waves are also studied.
Novel Acylethanolamide Derivatives That Modulate Body Weight through Enhancement of Hypothalamic Pro-Opiomelanocortin (POMC) and/or Decreased Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (2013)

Newly synthesized acylethanolamide derivatives oleoyl-L-valinolamide (1), oleoyl-D-valinolamide (2), elaidoyl-L-valinolamide (3), elaidoyl-D-valinolamide (4) stearoyl-L-valinolamide (5), and palmitoyl-L-valinolamide (6) were investigated in mice as antiobesity compounds. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6 significantly decreased body weight by 6.57% following eight injections of 1 mg/kg i.p. during 39 days, while 3 and 4 showed no such activity. Receptor binding indicated that no compound activated CB1, CB2, PPARα, or TRPV1 receptors. Hypothalamic RT-PCR showed that mRNA expression of the anorexigenic genes POMC and CART was up-regulated by 1, 2, 5 and 1, 2, respectively, while that of the orexigenic genes NPY and CaMKK2 was down-regulated by the respective compounds 1, 5, 6 and 1, 2, 5. Oleoyl-L-valinolamide enhances anorectic pathways and lead to decreased glucose levels, enhanced locomotor activity, and improved cognition. Effects of oleoyl-L-valinolamide on weight were dose-dependent, and it could be given orally. 1, 2, 4, 5 down-regulated FAAH mRNA expression.
Component-Based Segmentation Of Words From Handwritten Arabic Text (2008)

Efficient preprocessing is very essential for automatic recognition of handwritten documents. In this paper, techniques on segmenting words in handwritten Arabic text are presented. Firstly, connected components (ccs) are extracted, and distances among different components are analyzed. The statistical distribution of this distance is then obtained to determine an optimal threshold for words segmentation. Meanwhile, an improved projection based method is also employed for baseline detection. The proposed method has been successfully tested on IFN/ENIT database consisting of 26459 Arabic words handwritten by 411 different writers, and the results were promising and very encouraging in more accurate detection of the baseline and segmentation of words for further recognition.
Computer-aided retinal photocoagulation system (1996)

Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin's Biomedical Engineering Laser Laboratory and the U. S. Air Force Academy’s Department of Electrical Engineering are developing a computer-assisted prototype retinal photocoagulation system. The project goal is to rapidly and precisely automatically place laser lesions in the retina for the treatment of disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal tears while dynamically controlling the extent of the lesion. Separate prototype subsystems have been developed to control lesion parameters (diameter or depth) using lesion reflectance feedback and lesion placement using retinal vessels as tracking landmarks. Successful subsystem testing results in vivo on pigmented rabbits using an argon continuous wave laser are presented. A prototype integrated system design to simultaneously control lesion parameters and placement at clinically significant speeds is provided.
Nanoporous carbon catalytic membranes and method for making the same (2023)

Catalytic membranes comprising highly-dispersed, catalytically-active metals in nanoporous carbon membranes and a novel single-phase process to produce the membranes.
The precision and accuracy of Nellcor and Masimo oximeters at low oxygen saturations (70%) in newborn lambs (2014)

At SaO₂<70%, both monitors overestimated oxygen saturation (SpO₂) compared with the gold standard. Both oximeters were equally inaccurate when SaO₂ was low.
Action of co-dopant in electron-trapping materials: The case of Sm3+ in Mn2+-activated zinc borosilicate glasses (2004)

The action of electron-trapping materials (ETMs) consists of three sequential steps, i.e., the storage, the transfer, and the release of energy. It is generally considered that the co-dopant acts as a trapping center to enhance the storage ability of ETMs, which focus on the first step. In this letter, by the abnormal phosphorescence of Sm3+ in zinc borosilicate glasses doped with samarium and manganese (ZSBMS), we suggest that the co-dopant is able to change the energy transfer in the material.
Highly efficient nonuniform grating coupler for silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic circuits (2010)

We present design, fabrication, and characterization of a silicon-on-insulator grating coupler of high efficiency for coupling between a silicon nanophotonic waveguide and a single mode fiber. By utilizing the lag effect of the dry etching process, a grating coupler consisting of nonuniform grooves with different widths and depths is designed and fabricated to maximize the overlapping between the upward wave and the fiber mode. The measured waveguide-to-fiber coupling efficiency of 64% (-1.9 dB) for the transverse electric polarization is achieved by the present nonuniform grating coupler directly defined on a regular silicon-on-insulator wafer.