gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber Optic Probe for Flame Monitoring in Gas Turbine Combustors (1989)

A new probe, utilizing fiber optics, has been developed that allows one to view the flame inside an industrial gas turbine combustor. The probe was tested on a GE 7001 gas turbine at Houston Lighting & Power’s T. H. Wharton plant. Views of the flame were recorded at the nozzle and from in front of the nozzle to the combustor exit. A small portion of the flame in the adjoining combustor could also be viewed through the connecting cross fire port. During field testing with the probe, we observed such events as delayed ignitions, start ups, and load changes. Different flame patterns could be associated with different turbine operating conditions in start up and loading sequences. An interesting flame instability was observed during engine loading where the flame attaches and detaches from the fuel nozzle. At full power the flame is fully detached from the nozzle and extends from the cross fire port to the combustor exit. Plots of flame centroid position can be correlated with the turbine load. Operators, familiar with the flame image, could diagnose certain engine malfunctions such as fuel nozzle fouling, loss of water injection, and liner damage. A viewing system is currently under development that will monitor all the combustor flames simultaneously on one video screen. This system will significantly enhance operator diagnostics by allowing comparisons between combustors and detecting imbalances or differences between combustor flames.
Synthesis of a novel camphorquinone derivative having acylphosphine oxide group, characterization by UV-VIS spectroscopy and evaluation of photopolymerization performance (2010)

Camphorquinone (CQ) derivatives having acylphosphine oxide (APO) group are unknown. This study synthesized such a novel 7,7dimethyl-2,3-dioxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyldiphenyl phosphine oxide (DOHC-DPPO = CQ-APO). Ultraviolet and visible (UVVIS) spectra of CQ-APO, CQ, and APO were measured. Photopolymerization performances of experimental light-cured resins comprising these photoinitiators were investigated. Newly synthesized CQ-APO showed as a pale yellow crystal (mp 365K). UV-VIS spectrum of CQ-APO showed two maximum absorption wavelengths (lambda(max)) [372 nm (from APO group) and 475 nm (from CQ moiety)] within 350-500 nm. Unfilled resin containing CQ-APO exhibited good photopolymerization time (9.6 sec) and relaxed operation time (50 sec), as well as a pronouncedly lower b value (4.0) in the CIELab color specification system than that containing CQ (84.0). Resin composites containing CQ-APO, exhibited high flexural strength (114.3-133.8 MPa). It was concluded that CQ-APO possessed two lambda(max )peaks within 350-500 nm, and that CQ-APO-containing resins exhibited excellent color tone, good photopolymerization reactivity, relaxed operation time, and high mechanical strength.
On the Importance of Processing Conditions for the Nutritional Characteristics of Homogenized Composite Meals Intended for Infants (2016)

The nutritional quality of infant food is an important consideration in the effort to prevent a further increase in the rate of childhood obesity. We hypothesized that the canning of composite infant meals would lead to elevated contents of carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and favor high glycemic and insulinemic responses compared with milder heat treatment conditions. We have compared composite infant pasta Bolognese meals that were either conventionally canned (CANPBol), or prepared by microwave cooking (MWPBol). A meal where the pasta and Bolognese sauce were separate during microwave cooking (MWP_CANBol) was also included. The infant meals were tested at breakfast in healthy adults using white wheat bread (WWB) as reference. A standardized lunch meal was served at 240 min and blood was collected from fasting to 360 min after breakfast. The 2-h glucose response (iAUC) was lower following the test meals than with WWB. The insulin response was lower after the MWP_CANBol (-47%, p = 0.0000) but markedly higher after CANPBol (+40%, p = 0.0019), compared with WWB. A combined measure of the glucose and insulin responses (ISIcomposite) revealed that MWP_CANBol resulted in 94% better insulin sensitivity than CANPBol. Additionally, the separate processing of the meal components in MWP_CANBol resulted in 39% lower CML levels than the CANPBol. It was therefore concluded that intake of commercially canned composite infant meals leads to reduced postprandial insulin sensitivity and increased exposure to oxidative stress promoting agents.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BLOOD PRESSURE LOWERING ACTIVITY OF 3‐(SUBSTITUTED‐AMINO)‐1,2,4‐BENZOTHIADIAZINE 1‐OXIDE DERIVATIVES (1980)

Abstract Das Bromid (I) wird über den Harnstoff (V) in das Benzothiadiazinoxid (VIII) umgewandelt.
Ratiometric and Fluorescence-Lifetime-Based Biosensors Incorporating Cytochrome<i>c</i> <i>‘</i>and the Detection of Extra- and Intracellular Macrophage Nitric Oxide (1999)

Ratiometric and lifetime-based sensors have been designed for cellular detection of nitric oxide. These sensors incorporate cytochrome c', a hemoprotein known to bind nitric oxide selectively. The cytochrome c' is labeled with a fluorescent reporter dye, and changes in this dye's intensity or fluorescence lifetime are observed as the protein binds nitric oxide. The ratiometric sensors are composed of dye-labeled cytochrome c' attached to the optical fiber via colloidal gold, along with fluorescent microspheres as intensity standards. These ratiometric sensors exhibit linear response, have fast response times (< or = 0.25 s), and are completely reversible. The sensors are selective over numerous common interferents such as nitrite, nitrate, and oxygen species, and the limit of detection is 8 microM nitric oxide. The lifetime-based measurements are made using free, dye-labeled cytochrome c' in solution and have a limit of detection of 30 microM nitric oxide. The use of these two techniques has allowed measurement of intra- and extracellular macrophage nitric oxide. Employing the ratiometric fiber sensors gave a multicell culture average extracellular nitric oxide concentration of 210 +/- 90 microM for activated macrophages, while an average intracellular concentration of 160 +/- 10 microM was determined from the lifetime-based measurements of dye-labeled cytochrome c' in the macrophage cytosol. Microscopic adaptation of the lifetime-based methods described here would allow direct correlation of intracellular nitric oxide levels with specific cellular activities, such as phagocytosis.
Reversibly Caged Glutamate:  A Photochromic Agonist of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors (2006)

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a photochromic glutamate analogue is described. The molecule functions as a reversibly caged neurotransmitter and can be used to influence neural activity with light.
Contribution of electron exchange reaction rate to chemical uranium isotope separation. (1990)

The chemical uranium isotope separation, that is ultra multistage process using adsorptiondesorption reactions, was studied in the temperature range 60-133°C in hydrochloric acid. It was cleared that the activation energy of the equilibrium height (Hq) was very close to that of electron exchange reaction rate (ket) between U4+ and UO22+ under these conditions, and the observed Hq was found to be about one order smaller than theoretical value evaluated from ket, in hydrochloric solution. The experimental studies suggest that the electron exchange reaction in the ion exchanger might be about one order faster than that in solution.
Patterned color liquid crystal polymer polarizers (2010)

We demonstrate patterned polarizers for visible wavelengths using dichroic dye in a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) host. Contact lithography is used to pattern a thin alignment layer, which subsequently transfers the pattern to the LCP. A gray dichroic dye mixture for the visible spectrum is optimized and implemented along with LCP to fabricate this polarizer. A peak extinction ratio of 41 was measured at a 633 nm wavelength, while simultaneously showing patterns as small as 3 μm. Finally, multi layer films are demonstrated by fabricating a two layer patterned circular polarizer consisting of a quarter-wave retarder and a color polarizer. Our process has applications in three-dimensional displays, interferometry, optical storage, and polarimeters.
The Intensity–Pitch Relation Revisited: Monopolar Versus Bipolar Cochlear Stimulation (2008)

Although the majority of today's cochlear implant recipients perform well and the intensity-pitch relation in cochlear implant recipients is still poorly understood, rising demands on speech-coding strategies may soon make a compensation of the pitch shifts desirable. Although the results of our study tend to argue against a peripheral mechanism, the exact origin of this phenomenon remains unclear.
Continuous cloud-scale query optimization and processing (2013)

Massive data analysis in cloud-scale data centers plays a crucial role in making critical business decisions. High-level scripting languages free developers from understanding various system trade-offs, but introduce new challenges for query optimization. One key optimization challenge is missing accurate data statistics, typically due to massive data volumes and their distributed nature, complex computation logic, and frequent usage of user-defined functions. In this paper we propose novel techniques to adapt query processing in the Scope system, the cloud-scale computation environment in Microsoft Online Services. We continuously monitor query execution, collect actual runtime statistics, and adapt parallel execution plans as the query executes. We discuss similarities and differences between our approach and alternatives proposed in the context of traditional centralized systems. Experiments on large-scale Scope production clusters show that the proposed techniques systematically solve the challenge of missing/inaccurate data statistics, detect and resolve partition skew and plan structure, and improve query latency by a few folds for real workloads. Although we focus on optimizing high-level languages, the same ideas are also applicable for MapReduce systems.
Embeded filtering in PCB integrated ultra high speed dielectric waveguides using photonic band gap structures (2017)

Printed circuit board high speed dielectric waveguides operating at frequencies up to 130 GHz with embedded photonic band gap filtering structures are studied. The filters are made of alternating dielectric materials placed within the core of the dielectric waveguide, surrounded by the dielectric waveguide cladding. Properties of the filter such as the number of dielectric transitions and material properties are varied in order to study their effect on the performance of the filter. Single and multi-band filtering within a single waveguide is also examined. Finally, an example application of the embedded filters is shown in a multi-waveguide system to isolate crosstalk between the waveguides in specific frequency bands.
High-resolution force sensor based on morphology dependent optical resonances of polymeric spheres (2009)

Performance characteristics of a force sensor concept based on the morphology dependent resonance (MDR) shifts of micro-optical resonators have been investigated. Previous experimental studies have indicated that microsphere sensors with diameters ranging between 30 and 950 μm may have force resolutions reaching 10−5 N [T. Ioppolo et al., Appl. Opt. 47, 3009 (2008)]. In the present, we carry out a systematic analysis and experiments to investigate the sensitivity, resolution, and bandwidth limits of MDR-based force sensors. Expressions for MDR shifts due to applied force in the polar direction are obtained for microspheres of various dielectric materials in the diameter range of 300–950 μm. The analyses are compared with experimental results for polymethylmethacrylate and polydimethylsyloxane (PDMS) microsphere sensors. The results show that the strain effect on MDR shifts is dominant over that of mechanical stress. It also indicates that force sensitivities of the order of a 1 pN are feasible using hollow PDMS spheres. The sensor bandwidths range between 1 kHz and 1 MHz, depending on the sphere material.
NMR and Its Applications in Tight Unconventional Reservoir Rocks (2023)

Production of oil and gas from unconventional source rock reservoirs has surged in recent years in the United States, which led to a massive increase in exploration activities globally. The complexity in the rock matrix lithology, pore fluids, and nanoscale pore sizes and permeability make the evaluation of unconventional reservoirs extremely challenging. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as a key technology to evaluate and measure porosity, hydrocarbon-in-place, fluid properties, saturation, and productivity in unconventional reservoirs. This chapter first introduces the basic NMR physics and NMR measurement concepts for formation rocks. It then presents an NMR downhole application example for the measurement of total porosity and partial porosity in organic matter of an unconventional source rock gas reservoir. Lastly, it introduces two newly developed NMR technologies that extend the NMR measurement capability to long whole cores and drill cuttings in unconventional source rocks in the laboratory.
Impact localization combined with haptic feedback for touch panel applications based on the time-reversal approach (2011)

In this paper, a combined impact localization and haptic feedback system based on time-reversal signal processing is presented for touch panel applications. Theoretical impulse responses are derived from a propagation model of bending waves in a thin elastic plate. On the basis of the impulse responses, the time-reversal technique is exploited to spot the impact location as well as to generate haptic feedback. The chief advantage of the time-reversal technique lies in its robustness of tackling broadband sources in a reverberant environment. Piezoelectric ceramic plates and voice-coil motors are used as sensors for localization, whereas only voice-coil motors are used as the actuator for haptic feedback. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system was effective in precise impact localization for a thin panel, while haptic feedback also implemented using time-reversal principle can generate an impulse at the previously touched position. The combined impact localization and haptic feedback system is capable of enhancing the sensation of man-machine interaction in real time fashion.
Immunization of Rabbits with Recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus Trimeric versus Monomeric gH/gL Protein Elicits Markedly Higher Titers of Antibody and Neutralization Activity (2019)

Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and HCMV infection of immunosuppressed patients cause significant morbidity and mortality, and vaccine development against HCMV is a major public health priority. HCMV envelope glycoproteins gB, gH, and gL, which constitute the core fusion machinery, play critical roles in HCMV fusion and entry into host cells. HCMV gB and gH/gL have been reported to elicit potent neutralizing antibodies. Recently, the gB/gH/gL complex was identified in the envelope of HCMV virions, and 16-50% of the total gH/gL bound to gB, forming the gB/gH/gL complex. These findings make the gB/gH/gL a unique HCMV vaccine candidate. We previously reported the production of HCMV trimeric gB and gH/gL heterodimers, and immunization with a combination of trimeric gB and gH/gL heterodimers elicited strong synergistic HCMV-neutralizing activity. To further improve the immunogenicity of gH/gL, we produced trimeric gH/gL. Rabbits immunized with HCMV trimeric gH/gL induced up to 38-fold higher serum titers of gH/gL-specific IgG relative to HCMV monomeric gH/gL, and elicited ~10-fold higher titers of complement-dependent and complement-independent HCMV-neutralizing activity for both epithelial cells and fibroblasts. HCMV trimeric gH/gL in combination with HCMV trimeric gB would be a novel promising HCMV vaccine candidate that could induce highly potent neutralizing activities.
Exploiting CPU SIMD Extensions to Speed-up Document Scoring with Tree Ensembles (2016)

Scoring documents with learning-to-rank (LtR) models based on large ensembles of regression trees is currently deemed one of the best solutions to effectively rank query results to be returned by large scale Information Retrieval systems. This paper investigates the opportunities given by SIMD capabilities of modern CPUs to the end of efficiently evaluating regression trees ensembles. We propose V-QuickScorer (vQS), which exploits SIMD extensions to vectorize the document scoring, i.e., to perform the ensemble traversal by evaluating multiple documents simultaneously. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of vQS against the state of the art on three publicly available datasets. Experiments show that vQS provides speed-ups up to a factor of 3.2x.
Deep models of superficial face judgments (2022)

The diversity of human faces and the contexts in which they appear gives rise to an expansive stimulus space over which people infer psychological traits (e.g., trustworthiness or alertness) and other attributes (e.g., age or adiposity). Machine learning methods, in particular deep neural networks, provide expressive feature representations of face stimuli, but the correspondence between these representations and various human attribute inferences is difficult to determine because the former are high-dimensional vectors produced via black-box optimization algorithms. Here we combine deep generative image models with over 1 million judgments to model inferences of more than 30 attributes over a comprehensive latent face space. The predictive accuracy of our model approaches human interrater reliability, which simulations suggest would not have been possible with fewer faces, fewer judgments, or lower-dimensional feature representations. Our model can be used to predict and manipulate inferences with respect to arbitrary face photographs or to generate synthetic photorealistic face stimuli that evoke impressions tuned along the modeled attributes.
Detection and Quantification of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds in Water Using SH-SAW Sensors and Estimation-Theory-Based Signal Processing (2015)

This work investigates a sensor system for direct groundwater monitoring, capable of aqueous-phase measurement of aromatic hydrocarbons at low concentrations (about 100 parts per billion (ppb)). The system is designed to speciate and quantify benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene/xylenes (BTEX) in the presence of potential interferents. The system makes use of polymer-coated shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave devices and a signal processing method based on estimation theory, specifically a bank of extended Kalman filters (EKFs). This approach permits estimation of BTEX concentrations even from noisy data, well before the sensor response reaches equilibrium. To utilize estimation theory, an analytical model for the sensor response to step-changes, starting from clean water, to mixtures of multiple analytes is first formulated that makes use of both equilibrium frequency shifts and response times (for individual analyte), the latter being specific for each combination of coated device and analyte. The model is then transformed into state-space form, and the bank of EKFs is used to estimate BTEX concentrations in the presence of interferents from transient responses prior to attainment of equilibrium. Samples used in the experiments were either manually mixed in the laboratory or taken from real monitoring sites; they contained multiple chemically similar analytes with concentrations of individual BTEX compounds in the range of 10–2000 ppb. The estimated BTEX concentrations were compared to independent gas chromatography measurements and found to be in very good agreement (within about 5–10% accuracy), even when the sample contained multiple interferents such as larger aromatic compounds or aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Resolution and Characterization of 2,2'-Bis(Diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-Bibenzimidazole (BIMIP): the First Chiral Atropisomeric Diphosphine Ligand with Hindered Rotation around a N-N Bond (1999)

Abstract 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-bibenzimidazole BIMIP) was resolved in an enantiomerically pure state through a kinetic resolution process effected by complexation of the racemate with half of the stoichiometric amount of a chiral aminopalladium complex. The enantiopure diphosphine was fully characterized by X-ray diffractometric analysis. Keywords:: chiral diphosphinesresolutionkinetic resolutiontransition metal complexesasymmetric catalysis
Measurement of rock-core capillary pressure curves using a single-speed centrifuge and one-dimensional magnetic-resonance imaging (2005)

Capillary pressure curves are widely used in materials, soil, and environmental sciences, and especially in the petroleum industry. The traditional (Hassler-Brunner) interpretation of centrifugal capillary pressure data is based on several assumptions. These assumptions are known to lead to significant errors in the measurement of capillary pressure curves. In this work, we propose a new "single-shot" method to measure the capillary pressure curve of a long sedimentary rock core using a single-speed centrifuge experiment and magnetic-resonance imaging to directly determine the water saturation distribution along the length of the sample. Since only a single moderate centrifuge speed is employed, the effect of gravity can be ignored and the outlet boundary condition of the core plug was maintained. The capillary pressure curve obtained by the single-shot method is remarkably consistent with results determined with conventional mercury-intrusion methods. The proposed method is much faster and more precise than traditional centrifuge methods.
The effect of charged additives and heat pretreatment on the dewatering of fuel‐grade peat (1988)

Abstract The addition of salt, mineral acid or polyelectrolyte or the preheating of fuel‐grade peat results in significant improvement of the amount of water released during mechanical pressing. The charged species all act by suppressing the charge on the colloidal particles and, for different reasons, organic salts, protons and polyelectrolytes are all more effective than simple inorganic salts. The cations with large organic portions, including surfactants, have an augmented adsorption to the particle surface because of the hydrophobic effect. The polyelectrolytes are strongly associated with the particles because of the chelate effect. Protons are very effective because they can actually neutralize the net charge on the particle surface by forming covalent bonds with the acid functions. The mechanism by which heat pretreatment improves dewatering is not caused by suppression of the surface charge. The effect could be due to melting or softening of peat waxes causing alterations of surface features which improve water release. It is also possible that heating provides sufficient energy to overcome the energy barrier keeping the particles apart.
Holographic Video Microscopy for Biology (2008)

We present the use of holographic video microscopy for extracting quantitative data from digitized video holograms of colloidal suspensions in biological sample. Holographic video microscopy offers both multiple particles three-dimensions tracking and particle characterization concurrently.