gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 54: Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal-transition and stemness in non-small-cell lung cancer (2012)

Abstract The tumor microenvironment is composed of different types of stromal cells and a key component of tumor progression. It has been hypothesized that these stromal components are functionally organized to promote the survival of cancer cells. A specific subset of stromal cells, termed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), secretes factors that promote tumorigensis. To investigate whether CAFs constitute a specific microenvironment conductive for lung cancer progression, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments using CAFs derived from primary lung cancer in conjunction with the human lung adenocaricinoma cell lines. We first showed that conditioned medium (CM) from human CAFs was biologically active. When human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and NCI-H358) were cultured with CM from CAFs, epithelial cells became spindle and scattered as well as decreased cell surface E-cadherin. Further CM increased N-cadherin and vimentin expression, which is a hallmark of an epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). Coculture experiments using traswell plates with inserts of pore size 3 μm also showed EMT change in cancer cells. CM led cancer cells to enhance expression of stem cell markers such as CD44 and CD133 mRNA levels by ten times. It also triggered the acquisitions of cancer stemness such the ability of resistance to cisplatin or gefitinib as well as sphere formation. These phenotype changes associated with EMT and stemness were inhibited by the addition of TGF-β inhibitor, SB431542 (10 μM). The s.c. coinjection of human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and human CAFs to the mice result in a high rate of tumor formation compared with the injection of these cell lines without CAFs. A decreased expression of epithelial markers and upregulation of angiogenesis and proliferative index were detected in specimens from mice with coinjection of these cells. TGF β inhibitor attenuated the tumor formation enhanced by coinjection with CAFs. The compound was injected i.p. at 0.2 mg/kg (1 per day, 5 per week for 2 weeks) after coinjection. These results indicate that the paracrine interplay between CAFs and cancer cells mediated by TGF-β signaling leads to an EMT driven gain of cancer stem cell properties and suggest that the CAFs contribute a specific niche for tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 54. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-54
Removal of the calpain 3 protease reverses the myopathology in a mouse model for titinopathies (2010)

The dominant tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD) and recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2J are allelic disorders caused by mutations in the C-terminus of titin, a giant sarcomeric protein. Both clinical presentations were initially identified in a large Finnish family and linked to a founder mutation (FINmaj). To further understand the physiopathology of these two diseases, we generated a mouse model carrying the FINmaj mutation. In heterozygous mice, dystrophic myopathology appears late at 9 months of age in few distal muscles. In homozygous (HO) mice, the first signs appear in the Soleus at 1 month of age and extend to most muscles at 6 months of age. Interestingly, the heart is also severely affected in HO mice. The mutation leads to the loss of the very C-terminal end of titin and to a secondary deficiency of calpain 3, a partner of titin. By crossing the FINmaj model with a calpain 3-deficient model, the TMD phenotype was corrected, demonstrating a participation of calpain 3 in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Voluntariado e emprego: similaridades e diferenças (2012)

Embora, muitas vezes, abordados como objetos distintos existe uma inequívoca relação de proximidade entre os mundos do voluntariado e do emprego, relação ancorada, principalmente, num tronco histórico comum. Contudo, nem sempre se apresentam nítidos os contornos desse relacionamento. Atualmente, assiste-se a um aumento gradual da interpenetração entre as duas esferas, visível não só em termos conceptuais e de linguagem, como também no âmbito das práticas sociais e das políticas públicas. Incidindo sobre a realidade portuguesa, a análise destaca o carácter complementar do trabalho de voluntariado face ao trabalho remunerado. Observando uma maior “convergência” do mundo do voluntariado face ao mundo do emprego adverte para o risco de lhe serem “retiradas” algumas das suas características intrínsecas, nomeadamente: o ser desinteressado, de iniciativa pessoal, não remunerado e em prol de um terceiro. Da mesma forma, aponta para um risco maior: o trabalho voluntário poder substituir o trabalho remunerado.
Automatic window rearrangement using fuzzy rules (2002)

Today, it is popular that operating systems load the "window system" as a user interface on small computers such as personal computers, workstations, and so on. In these window systems, the "overlapping multi-window" method is used as a display control method. Although there is much merit in it, some demerits should not be ignored. One of the most undesirable situations is that some other non-active windows may be hidden completely under the active window and become quite invisible when active window is enlarged or opened. In this paper, the "fuzzy control" issue is defined to conquer this situation. That is to say, the issue of recovering the windows which have fallen into a "disadvantageous" status by window (it is active) manipulation to the most "advantageous" status. And a new method of automatic window rearrangement using fuzzy inference is proposed. Finally, the effect of the proposed method is verified in several experiments.
Siloxanes, silanes, and silazanes in the preparation of ceramics and glasses (1983)

The use of selected organosilicon compounds for the preparation of silicon based ceramic materials is discussed in terms of processing microstructure-property relationships. The mechanisms operative in the formation of gel derived silicate glasses and glass ceramics are reasonably well understood, but this is not true for silicon carbide/nitride based ceramics. The properties of organosilicon precursors and the mechanism of pyrolysis affect the microstructural features of the ceramic. Reaction mechanisms are proposed and the microstructural features and properties of organosilazane derived ceramics discussed.
A new muscle fatigue and recovery model and its ergonomics application in human simulation (2009)

Although automatic techniques have been employed in manufacturing industries to increase productivity and efficiency, there are still lots of manual handling jobs, especially for assembly and maintenance jobs. In these jobs, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the major health problems due to overload and cumulative physical fatigue. With combination of conventional posture analysis techniques, digital human modelling and simulation (DHM) techniques have been developed and commercialized to evaluate the potential physical exposures. However, those ergonomics analysis tools are mainly based on posture analysis techniques, and until now there is still no fatigue index available in the commercial software to evaluate the physical fatigue easily and quickly. In this paper, a new muscle fatigue and recovery model is proposed and extended to evaluate joint fatigue level in manual handling jobs. A special application case is described and analyzed by digital human simulation technique.
Sensitizing Concepts for Socio-spatial Literacy in HCI (2017)

People inherently share spaces with other people. Congenitally, interactive technologies and ubiquitous environments shape our opportunities for enacting social relations. Proxemics and Spatial Sharing have been suggested as foundations for our understanding of the socio-spatial aspects of computing. By tandeming these theoretical perspectives in a set of cases in the office domain, we develop a contribution comprised of 3 key sensitizing concepts: Proxemic Malleability, Proxemic Threshold and Proxemic Gravity articulating socio-spatial qualities at the interplay between interactive systems, spaces, interior elements and co-located people. The sensitizing concepts qualify interaction designers in considering proxemic consequences of technology design; they serve both as analytic lenses and as generative instruments in a design process. The proposed sensitizing concepts and the theoretical work of the paper contribute to enhanced Socio-spatial literacy in HCI.
The experimental determination of hydromagnesite precipitation rates at 22.5–75ºC (2014)

Natural hydromagnesite (Mg 5 (CO 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 ·4H 2 O) dissolution and precipitation experiments were performed in closed-system reactors as a function of temperature from 22.5 to 75ºC and at 8.6 < pH < 10.7. The equilibrium constants for the reaction Mg 5 (CO 3 )4(OH) 2 ·4H 2 O + 6H + = 5Mg 2+ + 4HCO 3 – + 6H 2 O were determined by bracketing the final fluid compositions obtained from the dissolution and precipitation experiments. The resulting constants were found to be 1033.7±0.9, 1030.5±0.5 and 1026.5±0.5 at 22.5, 50 and 75ºC, respectively. Whereas dissolution rates were too fast to be determined from the experiments, precipitation rates were slower and quantified. The resulting BET surface areanormalized hydromagnesite precipitation rates increase by a factor of ~2 with pH decreasing from 10.7 to 8.6. Measured rates are approximately two orders of magnitude faster than corresponding forsterite dissolution rates, suggesting that the overall rates of the low-temperature carbonation of olivine are controlled by the relatively sluggish dissolution of the magnesium silicate mineral.
Optical modulators and beam steering based on electrically tunable plasmonic material (2015)

Surface plasmon based photonic (or plasmonic) circuits merge electronics and photonics at the nanoscale, creating the ability to combine the superior technical advantages of photonics and electronics on the same chip. Recent work has demonstrated their remarkable applications in subwavelength optics, data storage and transmission, light harvesting and generation, and microscopy, as well as bioapplications. Plasmonics has become one of the most intensive research subjects in recent years, and much effort has been made to develop novel and efficient waveguiding structures and plasmonic materials. We will first review some major progress in subwavelength plasmonic waveguides and plasmonic materials. Then, focusing on the applications of a class of promising alternative plasmonic materials, transparent conducting oxides, we will introduce some of our up-to-date study, especially on electro-absorption modulators and beam steering.
Geomagnetically induced currents during magnetic storms (2000)

The electric field which is induced by geomagnetic storms drives currents in technological systems, such as electric power transmission grids, oil and gas pipelines, telecommunication cables, and railway equipment. These geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) cause problems to the systems. In power grids, transformers may be saturated due to GIC resulting in harmful effects and possibly even to a collapse of the whole system, as occurred in Quebec in March 1989. Transformers may also suffer from permanent damage. In buried pipelines, GIC can enhance corrosion and interfere with corrosion control surveys. Telecommunication systems as well as railway equipment may also malfunction due to GIC. The electric and magnetic fields observed at the Earth's surface primarily depend on magnetospheric-ionospheric currents and secondarily on currents induced in the Earth. The physical background and modeling of GIC are discussed in this paper. Special attention is paid to basic principles necessarily understood to get an insight into GIC phenomena. Recent developments in the use of the Complex Image Method (CIM) permit fast and accurate computations of the electric field suitable for time-critical applications like GIC forecasting.
A Fruitful Decade Using Synthetic Promoters in the Improvement of Transgenic Plants (2019)

Advances in plant biotechnology provide various means to improve crop productivity and greatly contributing to sustainable agriculture. A significant advance in plant biotechnology has been the availability of novel synthetic promoters for precise spatial and temporal control of transgene expression. In this article, we review the development of various synthetic promotors and the rise of their use over the last several decades for regulating the transcription of various transgenes. Similarly, we provided a brief description of the structure and scope of synthetic promoters and the engineering of their <i>cis</i>-regulatory elements for different targets. Moreover, the functional characteristics of different synthetic promoters, their modes of regulating the expression of candidate genes in response to different conditions, and the resulting plant trait improvements reported in the past decade are discussed.
The Role of the Nuclear Envelope Protein MAN1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation (2017)

Mutations in MAN1, a protein of the nuclear envelope, cause bone phenotypes characterized by hyperostosis. The mechanism of this pro-osteogenic phenotype remains unknown. We increased and decreased MAN1 expression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) upon which standard osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were performed. MAN1 knockdown increased osteogenesis and mineralization. In contrast, osteogenesis remained stable upon MAN1 overexpression. Regarding a mechanism, we found that low levels of MAN1 facilitated the nuclear accumulation of regulatory smads and smads-related complexes, with a concurrently high expression of nuclear β-Catenin. In addition, we found adipogenesis to be decreased in both conditions, although predominantly affected by MAN1 overexpression. Finally, lamin A, a protein of the nuclear envelope that regulates MSC differentiation, was unaffected by changes in MAN1. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that lower levels of MAN1 in differentiating MSC are associated with higher osteogenesis and lower adipogenesis. High levels of MAN1 only affected adipogenesis. These effects could have an important role in the understanding of the role of the proteins of the nuclear envelope in bone formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4425-4435, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sub-microdegree phase measurement technique using lock-in amplifiers (2008)

A phase measurement technique that is capable of measuring 100 nanodegree phase differences between sinusoidal electronic signals is presented. The technique can be implemented using a commercial lock-in amplifier and a computer to calculate the phase from the X and Y output lock-in channels. Whereas commercial lock-in amplifiers are typically limited to millidegree phase sensitivity, this technique can be used to improve their phase sensitivity up to 4 orders of magnitude. The technique is currently limited by the noise and thermal drift of the electronic components within the lock-in amplifier, limiting the maximum effective lock-in time constant to 30 sec. The technique is based on subtraction of the input signal and reference signal before using the lock-in amplifier to measure the phase. The improved phase sensitivity of several commercial lock-in amplifiers (analog and digital) are demonstrated using a simple RC low pass filter.
Kinetics and mechanism of osmium (VIII) and ruthenium (III) catalyzed oxidation of ethanediol and propane 1: 2 diol with chloramine-T in alkaline and acid media (1983)

Article Kinetics and mechanism of osmium (VIII) and ruthenium (III) catalyzed oxidation of ethanediol and propane 1: 2 diol with chloramine-T in alkaline and acid media was published on February 1, 1983 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 264O, issue 1).
Comprehensive experimental study and numerical simulation of vapour extraction (VAPEX) process in heavy oil systems (2015)

Abstract There are significant heavy oil and bitumen resources in Canada. Global energy demand is rising while environmental constraints make heavy oil recovery more challenging. Therefore, looking for an economically viable and environmentally‐friendly heavy oil recovery technique is essential. Recently, solvent‐based heavy oil recovery techniques (i.e., VAPEX) have attracted attention due to their economic and environmental advantages over thermal methods. In this research, an extensive experimental and numerical simulation study on the VAPEX technique was carried out to provide more in‐depth information about key parameters which affect the ultimate performance of the VAPEX process. For this purpose, VAPEX experiments were conducted in two large‐scale physical models and various solvents were utilized. PVT experiments were also carried out, and CMG's STARS TM was used for numerical simulation studies and to history‐match the experimental results. Image analysis of the VAPEX chamber evolution showed that the highest sweep efficiency was observed after injecting propane, followed by butane, a propane/carbon dioxide mixture, a propane/methane mixture, carbon dioxide, and methane. The experiments were simulated numerically, and satisfactory history‐matching results were achieved. The major difference between the experimental and simulation results was observed after the first breakthrough of the solvent. In addition, the results showed that injection and production well configurations significantly affected the recovery performance of the process. A longer distance between the injection and production wells alongside the drainage height will increase the production rate in VAPEX.
Symbolic–Numeric Techniques for Solving Nonlinear Systems (2005)

We describe a multilevel technique combining symbolic and numeric methods to obtain guaranteed enclosures for all solutions of a nonlinear system within a given search box.
How a Viscoelastic Solution of Wormlike Micelles Transforms into a Microemulsion upon Absorption of Hydrocarbon: New Insight (2014)

In this article, we investigate the effect of hydrocarbon addition on the rheological properties and structure of wormlike micellar solutions of potassium oleate. We show that a viscoelastic solution of entangled micellar chains is extremely responsive to hydrocarbons-the addition of only 0.5 wt % n-dodecane results in a drastic drop in viscosity by up to 5 orders of magnitude, which is due to the complete disruption of micelles and the formation of microemulsion droplets. We study the whole range of the transition of wormlike micelles into microemulsion droplets and discover that it can be divided into three regions: (i) in the first region, the solutions retain a high viscosity (∼10-350 Pa·s), the micelles are entangled but their length is reduced by the solubilization of hydrocarbons; (ii) in the second region, the system transitions to the unentangled regime and the viscosity sharply decreases as a result of further micelle shortening and the appearance of microemulsion droplets; (iii) in the third region, the viscosity is low (∼0.001 Pa·s) and only microemulsion droplets remain in the solution. The experimental studies were accompanied by theoretical considerations, which allowed us to reveal for the first time that (i) one of the leading mechanisms of micelle shortening is the preferential accumulation of the solubilized hydrocarbon in the spherical end caps of wormlike micelles, which makes the end caps thermodynamically more favorable; (ii) the onset of the sharp drop in viscosity is correlated with the crossover from the entangled to unentangled regime of the wormlike micellar solution taking place upon the shortening of micellar chains; and (iii) in the unentangled regime short cylindrical micelles coexist with microemulsion droplets.
Early Experience With the Clinical Use of Teprotumumab in a Heterogenous Thyroid Eye Disease Population (2021)

Treatment of TED with teprotumumab in a heterogeneous patient population is associated with improvement in proptosis, extraocular motility, and CAS. Patients beyond those defined in the clinical trials, including those affected by stable stage, milder grade, and vision-threatening TED may benefit from this therapy. There are, however, limits on the overall efficacy of this medication in the management of certain physical characteristics in TED including eyelid position and strabismus.
TO STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES OF JHARKHAND (2021)

Nature is a complex collection of physiological, chemical, and abiotic factors that affect living things and ultimately determine their structure and survival. In today's world conditions are often affected by various factors, such as pollution, population, and many other factors. And it destroys native plants and animals. Increased levels of pollution can lead to various diseases such as heart disease and skin diseases. Jharkhand is a very beautiful nature. Coal mining and profitability may be one of the most polluting tests. Pollution is the main reason why Global is heating its impact on our environment. Environmental change harms humans, wildlife, and the environment. Environmental changes can cause climate change, global climate change, and the destruction of natural resources. It also disrupts normal social and economic processes. Humans are cruelly ruining the environment. The mountains are barren. Due to the constant deforestation, this results in frequent flooding. The environment can cause a pattern of low rainfall, drought, and increased mortality rates. It greatly affects agriculture due to low rainfall and increased pollution can make the land less suitable for growing crops. Jharkhand province is already suffering from over-reliance on mineral resources. In addition, the government's water and water resources are under threat due to industrial and urban growth and inequality in temporary and spatial distribution. So, this research work based on the ecological changes in Jharkhand with a holistic view, focusing on other major regions that are experiencing the most environmental changes in that region.
Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,5-carbolactone (1984)

The title compound has been synthesized and compared with bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,6-carbolactone. Ambiguities in the literature concerning the preparation of the title compound have been resolved.