gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Complementation in Yeast Reveals Functional Similarities between the Catalytic Subunits of Mammalian Signal Peptidase Complex (2003)

Type I signal peptidases (SPs) comprise a family of structurally related enzymes that cleave signal peptides from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. One such enzyme, the mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase, has two catalytic subunits, which recognize distinct cleavage site motifs in their signal peptide substrates. The only other known type I SP with two catalytic subunits is the signal peptidase complex (SPC) in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, as with inner membrane peptidase catalytic subunits, SPC catalytic subunits exhibit nonoverlapping substrate specificity. We constructed two yeast strains without endogenous SP, one expressing canine SPC18 and the other expressing a truncation of canine SPC21 (SPC21 Delta N), which lacks 24 N-terminal residues that prevent expression of SPC21 in yeast. By monitoring a variety of soluble and membrane-bound substrates, we find that, in contrast to the tested hypothesis, SPC catalytic subunits exhibit overlapping substrate specificity. SPC18 and SPC21 Delta N do, however, cleave some substrates with different efficiencies, although no pattern for this behavior could be discerned. In light of the functional similarities between SPC proteins, we developed a membrane protein fragmentation assay to monitor the position of the catalytic sites relative to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Using this assay, our results suggest that the active sites of SPC18 and SPC21 Delta N are located 4-11 A above the membrane surface. These data, thus, support a model that SPC18 and SPC21 are functionally and structurally similar to each other.
Lift-off of large-scale ultrathin nanomembranes (2014)

Ultrathin silicon-based nanomembranes hold significant promise for advancements in applications ranging from separations to tissue engineering. Widespread application of these membranes has been hindered by their small active area, which typically ranges from square micrometers to square millimeters. These membranes are typically supported on silicon chips as small windows as a result of a time-consuming through-wafer etch process. This approach results in a relatively low active area and can be challenging to integrate into devices because of the rigid silicon support. In this paper, a lift-off approach is demonstrated wherein the membrane is supported by a polymeric scaffold and separated from the wafer to enable fabrication of membrane sheets (>75 cm2) with >80% active area. The wafer-scale lift-off process is demonstrated with 50 nm thick microporous and nanoporous silicon nitride (SiN) membranes. Release of large-scale SiN membranes is accomplished with both wet and dry lift-off techniques. The dry approach uses XeF2 gas to etch a sacrificial silicon film, while the wet etch uses buffered oxide etchant to remove a silicon dioxide sacrificial layer. Finally, it is demonstrated that lift-off membranes have excellent optical properties and can be used to support cell culture on a conventional scale.
Adaptive digital distance algorithm for parallel transmission lines (2004)

A digital distance algorithm for parallel power transmission lines is presented. The algorithm requires providing complete measurements from one end of parallel lines. The approach originated initially for fault location aimed at inspection-repair purposes is utilized here for assuring adaptability of a distance relay to the "reactance effect" relevant for resistive faults. Optimal estimation of a voltage drop across a fault path resistance is introduced into the algorithm. As a result of that, determination of the positive and negative sequence currents is avoided. This differs the delivered algorithm from the earlier known forms of the algorithms - designated mainly for fault location purposes. Two forms of the distance adaptive algorithm, i.e., for phasors and with applying a differential equation approach, are considered. The delivered new distance algorithm has been tested with the fault data obtained from versatile ATP-EMTP simulations. The sample examples are reported and discussed.
Improving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing of rice plant potassium accumulation by fusing spectral and textural information (2021)

Plant potassium accumulation (PKA) plays an important role in evaluating the production capacity of crops. Remote sensing from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is increasingly used in precision agriculture, but relatively little is known about its use for determining the potassium (K) nutritional status of rice (Oryza sativa L.). This study compares the performance of different sets of spectral and textural indices derived from UAV data for estimating rice K nutritional status. A UAV equipped with three cameras (RGB, color-infrared (CIR) and multispectral cameras) was used to acquire imagery of rice canopies at different key growth stages. Immediately following the overflights, rice canopies were sampled for rice PKA. Regression models were then built to predict rice PKA with spectral and textural indices as predictor variables. Finally, stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) was used to determine if fusing spectral and textural indices significantly improved UAV-based PKA estimates. The renormalized difference vegetation index (RDVI) calculated from multispectral imagery proved to be the best predictor of rice PKA (R2 = 0.72, RMSE = 5.42 g m−2), though spectral vegetation indices calculated from RGB and CIR imagery also showed moderately strong prediction capability (R2 ≤ 0.56, RMSE ≥ 7.33 g m−2). Among the textural indices, the renormalized difference texture index [RDTI (MEA800, MEA680)] calculated by mean texture (MEA) of the multispectral imagery was the best predictor of rice PKA (R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 5.57 g m−2) while textural indices calculated from the RGB and CIR imagery showed only weak relationships with rice PKA (R2 ≤ 0.40, RMSE ≥ 8.11 g m−2). Fusing textural and spectral vegetation indices improved our ability to remotely sense PKA, with the SMLR model combination of RDTI (MEA800, MEA680) and spectral vegetation index DATT performing best (R2 increased by 11.11% to 0.80 and RMSE decreased by 7.5% to 5.15 g m−2). Our findings suggest that spectral and textural indices derived from UAV data allow for accurate mapping of PKA and that fusion of the two further improves the accuracy.
Real-time image processing for non-contact monitoring of dynamic displacements using smartphone technologies (2016)

The newly developed smartphone application, named RINO, in this study allows measuring absolute dynamic displacements and processing them in real time using state-of-the-art smartphone technologies, such as high-performance graphics processing unit (GPU), in addition to already powerful CPU and memories, embedded high-speed/ resolution camera, and open-source computer vision libraries. A carefully designed color-patterned target and user-adjustable crop filter enable accurate and fast image processing, allowing up to 240fps for complete displacement calculation and real-time display. The performances of the developed smartphone application are experimentally validated, showing comparable accuracy with those of conventional laser displacement sensor.
Comment on the “Role of SO<sub>2</sub> for Elemental Mercury Removal from Coal Combustion Flue Gas by Activated Carbon” (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTComment on the "Role of SO2 for Elemental Mercury Removal from Coal Combustion Flue Gas by Activated Carbon"Evan J. Granite*† and Albert A. Presto‡View Author Information National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Post Office Box 10940 M/S 58-106, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236-0940, and Air Quality Laboratory, Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: 412-386-6004. E-mail: [email protected]†United States Department of Energy.‡Carnegie Mellon University.Cite this: Energy Fuels 2008, 22, 5, 3557–3558Publication Date (Web):August 21, 2008Publication History Received3 July 2008Published online21 August 2008Published inissue 17 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef8005355https://doi.org/10.1021/ef8005355rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon,Environmental pollution,Group 16 compounds,Mercury,Porous materials Get e-Alerts
Multicomponent Synthesisof Highly Substituted Imidazolines via a Silicon Mediated 1,3-DipolarCycloaddition (2003)

A diastereoselective multicomponent synthesis of highly functionalized imidazolines is reported. A silicon mediated 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition of the in situ generated münchnone with an imine resulted in the formation of highly substituted imidazolines. The imidazolines contain a four-point diversity and two stereocenters and the cycloaddition reaction is applicable to aryl, alkyl, acyl, and heterocyclic substitutions.
Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-Based Atypical Antipsychotic Agents. Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationship, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Studies (2001)

The prototypical dopamine and serotonin antagonist (+/-)-7-chloro-9-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-9,10-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine (5) was resolved into its R and S enantiomers via crystallization of the diastereomeric tartaric acid salts. Binding studies confirmed that the (R)-(-)-enantiomer is a more potent D(2) receptor antagonist than the (S)-(+)-enantiomer, with almost identical affinity at the 5-HT(2) receptor ((S)-(+)-5, log Y = 4.7; (R)-(-)-5, log Y = 7.4). These data demonstrated a significant stereoselective interaction of 5 at D(2) receptors. Furthermore, enantiomer (S)-(+)-5 (ST1460) was tested on a panel of receptors; this compound showed an intriguing binding profile characterized by high affinity for H(1) and the alpha(1) receptor, a moderate affinity for alpha(2) and D(3) receptors, and low affinity for muscarinic receptors. Pharmacological and biochemical investigation confirmed an atypical pharmacological profile for (S)-(+)-5. This atypical antipsychotic lead has low propensity to induce catalepsy in rat. It has minimal effect on serum prolactin levels, and it has been selected for further pharmacological studies. (S)-(+)-5 increases the extracellular levels of dopamine in the rat striatum after subcutaneous administration. By use of 5 as the lead compound, a novel series of potential atypical antipsychotics has been developed, some of them being characterized by a stereoselective interaction at D(2) receptors. A number of structure-activity relationships trends have been identified, and a possible explanation is advanced in order to account for the observed stereoselectivity of the enantiomer of (+/-)-5 for D(2) receptors. The molecular structure determination of the enantiomers of 5 by X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling is reported.
Separation of carbon isotopes. [Patent application] (1981)

An object of the present invention is to separate carbon isotopes by using a relatively inexpensive and readily available feedstock by a highly energy efficient, pressure-scalable process having a high enrichment factor. A further object of the present invention is to separate carbon isotopes through a substantially more energy efficient endothermic reaction, of approximately 15 kcal/mole. A still further object of the present invention is to separate carbon isotopes by an inexpensive photochemical technique requiring a simple cw CO2 laser. These and other objects are achieved by irradiating at a saturating energy flux, a mixture of two carbon-isotope species of an methyl fluoride with a laser tuned to an absorption band of one of the isotopic forms of an methyl fluoride, reacting the isotopic mixture with atomic bromine in the presence of a nonabsorbing deactivating gas sufficient to provide adequate VT and VVT deactivation of the isotopic mixtures and finally separating the chemically distinct products.
Regulation of Elongation Factor-2 Kinase by pH (2002)

Elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2K) is a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates eEF-2 and that can regulate the rate of protein synthesis at the elongation stage. Here we report that a slight decrease in pH, within the range observed in vivo, leads to a dramatic activation of eEF-2K. The activity of eEF-2K in mouse liver extracts, as well as the activity of purified recombinant human eEF-2K, is low at pH 7.2-7.4 and is increased by severalfold when the pH drops to 6.6-6.8. eEF-2K requires calmodulin for activity at neutral as well as acidic pH. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the pH does not affect the K(M) for ATP or eEF-2 and activation of eEF-2K at acidic pH is due to an increase in V(max). To analyze the potential role of eEF-2K in regulating protein synthesis by pH, we constructed a mouse fibroblast cell line that expresses eEF-2K in a tetracycline-regulated manner. Overexpression of eEF-2K led to a decreased rate of protein synthesis at acidic pH, but not at neutral pH. Our results suggest that pH-dependent activation of eEF-2K may play a role in the global inhibition of protein synthesis during tissue acidosis, which accompanies such processes as hypoxia and ischemia.
Location estimation in multi-hop wireless networks (2004)

We present the analytic and simulation results of the performance of relative location estimation in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. It is found that the location estimation accuracy has a fundamental upper boundary. Location accuracy improves by adding more mobile nodes into the network. However, the resulting accuracy converges towards a fixed asymptotic value that is determined by the total number of links to the reference nodes. It is also established that for multi-hop networks, the location accuracy of a node is highly dependent upon the number of hops it is away from the reference nodes. The further away it is from the reference nodes, the worse the location accuracy.
5-Chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic Acid [(<i>S</i>)-2-[2-Methyl-3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonylamino]-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-oxopropyl]amide (SAR107375), a Selective and Potent Orally Active Dual Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitor (2013)

Compound 15 (SAR107375), a novel potent dual thrombin and factor Xa inhibitor resulted from a rational optimization process. Starting from compound 14, with low factor Xa and modest anti-thrombin inhibitory activities (IC50's of 3.5 and 0.39 μM, respectively), both activities were considerably improved, notably through the incorporation of a neutral chlorothiophene P1 fragment and tuning of P2 and P3-P4 fragments. Final optimization of metabolic stability with microsomes led to the identification of 15, which displays strong activity in vitro vs factor Xa and thrombin (with Ki's of 1 and 8 nM, respectively). In addition 15 presents good selectivity versus related serine proteases (roughly 300-fold), including trypsin (1000-fold), and is very active (0.39 μM) in the thrombin generation time (TGT) coagulation assay in human platelet rich plasma (PRP). Potent in vivo activity in a rat model of venous thrombosis following iv and, more importantly, po administration was also observed (ED50 of 0.07 and 2.8 mg/kg, respectively). Bleeding liability was reduced in the rat wire coil model, more relevant to arterial thrombosis, with 15 (blood loss increase of 2-fold relative to the ED80 value) compared to rivaroxaban 2 and dabigatran etexilate 1a.
High-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1993)

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers have been produced which emit greater than 100 mW CW output power. The devices have been optimised for operation at high temperatures, and are heatsunk to improve operation at large bias currents.
An Electrochemical Method to Improve the Performance of Air Cathodes and Methanol Anodes (2002)

evolution on electrodes is an effective way to improve polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance, reducing the overpotential of both oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation. The reduction in cathode and anode overpotentials is thought to be due to the change in the porosity and tortuosity of catalyst layers when evolves from the catalyst layers. As a result of this change, electrode catalyst utilization is increased and membrane electrode assembly performance is improved. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Real-time rendering of plant leaves (2005)

This paper presents a framework for the real-time rendering of plant leaves with global illumination effects. Realistic rendering of leaves requires a sophisticated appearance model and accurate lighting computation. For leaf appearance we introduce a parametric model that describes leaves in terms of spatially-variant BRDFs and BTDFs. These BRDFs and BTDFs, incorporating analysis of subsurface scattering inside leaf tissues and rough surface scattering on leaf surfaces, can be measured from real leaves. More importantly, this description is compact and can be loaded into graphics hardware for fast run-time shading calculations, which are essential for achieving high frame rates. For lighting computation, we present an algorithm that extends the Precomputed Radiance Transfer (PRT) approach to all-frequency lighting for leaves. In particular, we handle the combined illumination effects due to low-frequency environment light and high-frequency sunlight. This is done by decomposing the local incident radiance of sunlight into direct and indirect components. The direct component, which contains most of the high frequencies, is not pre-computed with spherical harmonics as in PRT; instead it is evaluated on-the-fly using pre-computed light-visibility convolution data. We demonstrate our framework by the rendering of a variety of leaves and assemblies thereof.
Thermal recovery processes in laser irradiated HgCdTe (PC) detectors (1975)

An experimental method for measuring the transient and steady-state thermal characteristics of ir photoconductors is introduced. Thermal recovery processes in laser irradiated HgCdTe (PC) detectors were investigated. The characteristics of thermal recovery processes are found to be quite sensitive to the specific details of detector construction. For the most part thermal recovery in these detectors takes place on two separate time scales. Initially the signal recovers partially to an intermediate level on a time scale of several milliseconds. The rest of the recovery occurs much more slowly, i.e., on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. It was found that the magnitude of the thermally induced signal, the relative importance of the two recovery processes, and the exact shape of the thermal recovery curve vary with power density and irradiation time. A one-dimensional thermal model of the detector for both pulsed and cw laser irradiation is presented. Calculated thermal recovery curves are found to agree we l with the experimental results for irradiation times as long as 20 msec. The two recovery times are found to be due to the two thermally resistive bonding layers. The utility of this model for predicting the thermal characteristics of new improved detector designs is discussed.
Magnetocaloric Effect in AlFe<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>: Toward Magnetic Refrigerants from Earth-Abundant Elements (2013)

AlFe2B2 was prepared by two alternative synthetic routes, arc melting and synthesis from Ga flux. In the layered crystal structure, infinite chains of B atoms are connected by Fe atoms into two-dimensional [Fe2B2] slabs that alternate with layers of Al atoms. As expected from the theoretical analysis of electronic band structure, the compound exhibits itinerant ferromagnetism, with the ordering temperature of 307 K. The measurement of magnetocaloric effect (MCE) as a function of applied magnetic field reveals isothermal entropy changes of 4.1 J kg(-1) K(-1) at 2 T and 7.7 J kg(-1) K(-1) at 5 T. These are the largest values observed near room temperature for any metal boride and for any magnetic material of the vast 122 family of layered structures. Importantly, AlFe2B2 represents a rare case of a lightweight material prepared from earth-abundant, benign reactants which exhibits a substantial MCE while not containing any rare-earth elements.
Document classification using layout analysis (1999)

This paper describes methods for document image classification at the spatial layout level. The goal is to develop fast algorithms for initial document type classification without OCR, which can then be verified using more elaborate methods based on more detailed geometric and syntactic models. A novel feature set called interval encoding is introduced to capture elements of spatial layout. This feature set encodes region layout information in fixed-length vectors by capturing structural characteristics of the image. We demonstrate the usefulness of these features derived from interval coding, in a hidden Markov model based page layout classification system that is trainable and extendible.
Push or Request (2017)

In HTTP/1.1, it is necessary for the client to request an object (e.g. an image in a page) in order for the server to send it, even if the server knows in advance what the client will need. Server Push is a feature introduced in HTTP/2 that promises to improve page load times (PLT) by having the server push content to the browser in advance. In this paper, we investigate the benefits and challenges of using Server Push on mobile devices. We first examine whether pushing all content or just the CSS and Javascript files performs better, and find the former leads to much better web performance. Also, we find that sites making use of domain sharding or which otherwise have content divided across many servers do not benefit much from Server Push, a major challenge for Server Push going forward. Network performance characteristics also play a major role. Server Push is especially effective at improving performance at high loss rates (16% median PLT reduction with a 2% loss rate) and high latencies (14% PLT reduction with 100 ms latency), and has little benefit for high-speed Ethernet connections. This motivates its use on mobile devices, although we also find the limited processing power of these devices limits the benefits of Server Push. Server Push also offers modest energy benefits, with energy savings of 9% on LTE for one device. Overall, Server Push is a promising approach for improving web performance in mobile networks, but there are a number of challenges in achieving the full benefits of Server Push.
Robust Transport of Time-Bin Entangled Photons in a 2D Topological System (2016)

We study transport of entangled photons in a topological system of coupled-ring resonators and show that the edge states could enable robust on-chip quantum communication channels. We report on the experimental progress towards this demonstration.