gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of output display and control—display gain on human performance in interactive systems (1994)

Abstract Human performance comparisons on interactive systems were drawn between output displays (CRT and LCD) across settings of control-display gain. Empirical evidence was sought in light of the common feeling in the user community that motor-sensory tasks are more difficult on a system equipped with an LCD display vs. a CRT display. In a routine target acquisition task using a mouse, movement times were 34% longer and motor-sensory bandwidth was 25% less when the output display was an LCD vs. a CRT. No significant difference in error rates was found. Control-display (C-D) gain was tested as a possible confounding factor; however, no interaction effect was found. There was a significant, opposing main effect for C-D gain on movement lime and error rates, illustrating the difficulty in optimizing C-D gain on the basis of movement time alone.
Aircraft Electrical and Electronic Systems: Principles, Maintenance and Operation (2009)

Electrical fundamentals Electronic fundamentals Digital fundamentals Generators and motors Batteries Power supplies Wiring and circuit protection Distribution of power supplies Controls and transducers Engine systems Fuel management Lights Cabin systems Airframe control and indicating systems Warning and protection systems Fire and overheat protection Terrain awareness warning system (TAWS) Flight data and cockpit voice recorders Electrical and magnetic fields Continuing airworthiness Appendices Index
Secure Remote Storage through Authenticated Encryption (2008)

Storage systems are more distributed and more subject to attacks. Cryptographic file system gives a promising way to mitigate the danger of exposing data by using encryption and integrity protection methods and guarantee end-to-end security to clients. This paper describes SRSAE, a generic approach to cryptographic file system, as well as its realization in a distributed data storage environment. SRSAE applies authenticated encryption to each data block transferred between clients and the remote block devices. It provides strong data confidentiality and integrity protections through trusted IV (initialization vector) and MAC (message authentication code) comparison. Performance is optimized by buffering IV and MAC locally. Integration into original file system is presented with specific implementation. Related model, approach and system realization are elaborated, as well as testing results. Theoretical analysis and experimental simulations show that it is a practical and available way to build secure network storage system.
NEW HOST RECORDS IN BARYCONUS FOERSTER (HYMENOPTERA, SCELIONIDAE) (2016)

Three different species of Baryconus Foerster reared from eggs of Phaneroptera sp. (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae) in the Palaearctic Region and two more species from undetermined Phaneropteridae in the Neotropical Region are reported. The host-parasite relationships are briefly discussed. Two new combinations are proposed: Baryconus gravelyi (Mani) and B. montanus (Szabò), both transferred from Hoploteleia Ashm. NUOVE SEGNALAZIONI DI OSPITI DI Baryconus FOESTER (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) Sono riportate tre specie di Baryconus Foester ottenute da uova di Phaneroptera sp. (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae) della regione paleartica e altre due ottenute da un Phaneropteridae della regione neotropica. Sono brevemente discusse le relazioni ospite-parassita. Sono inoltre proposte due nuove combinazioni: Baryconus gravelyi (Mani) e B. montanus (Szabò), entrambe trasferite da Hoploteleia Ashm.
Diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease. (1999)

Current criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease require that the patient also fulfils the criteria for dementia. This means inevitably that the disease is well-established. As treatments become available there is an important need for early diagnosis. There are two components to diagnosis; the recognition that cognitive performance is below that which would be anticipated for the individual and secondly to relate this to a specific disease process. Research studies need to identify the very earliest changes i.e. before symptoms commence. Such studies have focused on at risk populations either by virtue of age or a positive family history. Both groups have demonstrated that memory is the salient early feature, particularly verbal memory, impairment of which may precede overt symptoms by many years. The other major approach has been that of neuroimaging. Group studies of at risk individuals, for example for those who carry an apoE4 allele, have shown relative biparietal, bitemporal hypometabolism in the at risk group. Similarly, structural neuroimaging may show hippocampal atrophy at an early stage. Serial studies to determine rate of change, may be more valuable than single cross-sectional studies. Recent techniques of positional matching and registration allow precise quantitation of rates of cerebral atrophy which may be useful in early diagnosis.
The molecular size and shape of liver glycogen (1977)

The molecular-weight distribution of liver glycogen has been established from the analysis of sedimentation rates of fractions separated on sucrose density gradients and from the direct measurement of the diffusion coefficients of these fractions by laser-intensity-fluctuation spectroscopy. Hydrodynamic studies indicated that all fractions of glycogen of mol.wt.exceeding 25x10(6) had about 1.1 g of water per g of polysaccharide associated with them. The hydration and hydrodynamic behaviour of all fractions of mol.wt. exceeding 25x10(6) was similar, whereas smaller fractions behaved anomalously, indicating a substantially different overall structure.
The Potential of PARP Inhibitors in Genetic Breast and Ovarian Cancers (2008)

The abundant nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), represents an important novel target in cancer therapy. PARP-1 is essential to the repair of DNA single-strand breaks via the base excision repair pathway. Inhibitors of PARP-1 have been shown to enhance the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation and DNA damaging chemotherapy agents, such as the methylating agents and topoisomerase I inhibitors. There are currently at least five PARP inhibitors in clinical trial development. Recent in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that PARP inhibitors could be used not only as chemo/radiotherapy sensitizers, but as single agents to selectively kill cancers defective in DNA repair, specifically cancers with mutations in the breast cancer associated (BRCA) 1 and 2 genes. This theory of selectively exploiting cells defective in one DNA repair pathway by inhibiting another is a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. BRCA1/2 mutations are responsible for the majority of genetic breast/ovarian cancers, known as the hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical evidence for the potential of PARP inhibitors in genetic breast and ovarian cancers.
Holographic Glasses for Virtual Reality (2022)

We present Holographic Glasses, a holographic near-eye display system with an eyeglasses-like form factor for virtual reality. Holographic Glasses are composed of a pupil-replicating waveguide, a spatial light modulator, and a geometric phase lens to create holographic images in a lightweight and thin form factor. The proposed design can deliver full-color 3D holographic images using an optical stack of 2.5 mm thickness. A novel pupil-high-order gradient descent algorithm is presented for the correct phase calculation with the user's varying pupil size. We implement benchtop and wearable prototypes for testing. Our binocular wearable prototype supports 3D focus cues and provides a diagonal field of view of 22.8° with a 2.3 mm static eye box and additional capabilities of dynamic eye box with beam steering, while weighing only 60 g excluding the driving board.
Up-regulation of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase α and Fatty Acid Synthase by Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 at the Translational Level in Breast Cancer Cells (2007)

Expression of the HER2 oncogene is increased in approximately 30% of human breast carcinomas and is closely correlated with the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN). In the present study, we determined the mechanism by which FASN and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACCalpha) could be induced by HER2 overexpression. SK-BR-3 and BT-474 cells, breast cancer cells that overexpress HER2, expressed higher levels of FASN and ACCalpha compared with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in which HER2 expression is low. The induction of FASN and ACCalpha in BT474 cells were not mediated by the activation of SREBP-1. Exogenous HER2 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells induced the expression of FASN and ACCalpha, and the HER2-mediated increase in ACCalpha and FASN was inhibited by both LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, and rapamycin, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. In addition, the activation of mTOR by the overexpression of RHEB in MDA-MB-231 cells increased the synthetic rates of both FASN and ACCalpha. On the other hand, FASN and ACCalpha were reduced in BT-474 cells by a blockade of the mTOR signaling pathway. These changes observed in their protein levels were not accompanied by changes in their mRNA levels. The 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of both FASN and ACCalpha mRNAs were involved in selective translational induction that was mediated by mTOR signal transduction. These results strongly suggest that the major mechanism of HER2-mediated induction of FASN and ACCalpha in the breast cancer cells used in this study is translational regulation primarily through the mTOR signaling pathway.
Modeling the impact of frame rate and quantization stepsizes and their temporal variations on perceptual video quality: A review of recent works (2010)

In networked video applications where the sustainable bandwidths vary greatly among the receivers and in time, one must be able to code a video or adapt a precoded-bitstream to a wide range of bit rates. It is critical to choose appropriate frame size, frame rate and quantization stepsize (QS) to optimize the perceptual quality for a target bit rate. Furthermore, it is important to understand the effect of temporal variation of these parameters, so that appropriate constraints can be imposed when adapting these parameters in response to bandwidth changes. However, well-established models that relate the perceptual quality with the spatial, temporal, and amplitude resolutions (STAR) and the variation of STAR do not exist today. We will review prior works in this area with a focus on our own recent findings, which has so far considered the effect of frame rate and QS as well as the temporal variation of the frame rate on the perceptual quality.
Sb enhancement of lateral superlattice formation in GaInP (2001)

Epitaxial layers of GaInP were grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy with small amounts of TESb added to control the surface bonding. Above a concentration of Sb/III(v)=0.016, 12 K photoluminescence measurements show that the band gap is reduced, as compared to completely disordered GaInP, by Sb addition and that polarization along the [1̄10] direction is as much as 41 times larger than along [110]. Transmission electron microscopy results show a lamellar domain structure in the [1̄10]-zone axis dark-field images with a period of 120 nm. Atomic force microscopy shows surface undulations with the same period along the [1̄10] direction. The results demonstrate an increase in the magnitude of the presence of lateral composition modulation with increasing Sb concentration.
Perifolliculitis Capitis Abscedens et Suffodiens after Follicular Unit Transplantation: A Case Report (2022)

PCAS or folliculitis dissecans or Hoffmann's disease is a rare disorder of unknown etiology. We speculate that the mechanical extraction of follicular units was the trigger. This case underlines the need for further studies as cases of PCAS may increase concomitantly with the increase in HT.
Networks-on-Chips (2009)

This book addresses many challenging topics related to the NoC research area. It starts by studying 3D NoC architectures and progresses to a discussion of NoC resource allocation, processor traffic modeling, and formal verification. NoC protocols are examined at different layers of abstraction. Also, several emerging research issues in NoC are highlighted in this book, such as NoC Quality of Service (QoS), testing and verification methodologies, NoC security requirements, and real-time monitoring. The book also tackles power and energy issues in NoC-based designs, as power constraints are currently considered among the bottlenecks that limit embedding more processing elements on a single chip.
Decentralized Environmental Modeling by Mobile Sensor Networks (2008)

Cooperating mobile sensors can be used to model environmental functions such as the temperature or salinity of a region of ocean. In this paper, we adopt an optimal filtering approach to fusing local sensor data into a global model of the environment. Our approach is based on the use of proportional-integral (PI) average consensus estimators, whereby information from each mobile sensor diffuses through the communication network. As a result, this approach is scalable and fully decentralized, and allows changing network topologies and anonymous agents to be added and subtracted at any time. We also derive control laws for mobile sensors to move to maximize their sensory information relative to current uncertainties in the model. The approach is demonstrated by simulations including modeling ocean temperature.
Calcium Amidoborane Ammoniate—Synthesis, Structure, and Hydrogen Storage Properties (2009)

A new type of hydrogen storage material—namely, calcium amidoborane ammoniate (Ca(NH2BH3)2·2NH3)—is synthesized by reacting calcium amide and ammonia borane in a molar ratio of 1:2. Structural analyses show that this newly developed complex has a orthorhombic structure (space group Pna21) with unit-cell parameters of a = 18.673(3) Å, b = 5.2283(8) Å, c = 8.5748(12) Å, and V = 873.16(22) Å3. The presence of NH3 in the crystal lattice facilitates the formation of dihydrogen bonding between BH···HN, which is considerably shorter than that in calcium amidoborane (Ca(NH2BH3)2). As a consequence, the bond lengths of B−H and N−H are increased comparatively. Our experimental results show that more than 8 wt % hydrogen can be released from Ca(NH2BH3)2·2NH3 without borazine emission at 150 °C.
10.1 A 6Gb/s 6pJ/b 5mm-distance non-contact interface for modular smartphones using two-fold transmission-line coupler and EMC-qualified pulse transceiver (2015)

Modular smart phones have been attracting attention (Fig. 10.1.1) because users can freely customize their phones by purchasing modules and assembling them [1]. The transfer of data between modules is accomplished by non-contact connectors. Because the connection electrodes are not exposed, there is no wear or damage and waterproofing is possible. The methods of constructing non-contact connectors include capacitive coupling, which uses flat plate electrodes [1], magnetic coupling, which uses coils [2-4], and electromagnetic coupling, which uses transmission-line couplers (TLC) [5-7]. Capacitive and magnetic coupling can be used only for narrowband communication below the resonance frequency (<;1GHz). Because impedance varies with frequency, impedance matching is not possible for digital signals that include a wide range of frequency components. For that reason, these couplers can be used for the MIPI D-PHY data rate (1Gb/s), but not for M-PHY (6Gb/s). The TLC, however, can be used for broadband communication (>6GHz). Because the impedance is constant, there is little reflection and digital communication is possible. A data transfer speed of 12Gb/s has been reported for a distance of 1mm between couplers [5]. Thus, full HD (4Gb/s) or 4K (15Gb/s) video data can be transmitted over a small number of lanes.
The incorporation of fibre channel and scalable coherent interface technologies in avionics systems (2002)

New and emerging combat aircraft, especially those with sophisticated surveillance and multi-spectral capabilities, acquire and need to move and process data at enormous data rates. Avionics architectures have evolved over time to adapt to these demanding data acquisition, data movement, data processing, and data storage requirements. The trend has been from dedicated, through federated, to distributed systems. Two key technologies that can support the continued movement to distributed systems are Fibre Channel (FC) and Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI). This paper will discuss and compare FC and SCI, illustrate how they may be used in a complementary manner, and provide insights into component and device sources.
La protein and its associated small nuclear and nucleolar precursor RNAs. (2002)

After transcription by RNA polymerase (pol) III, nascent Pol III transcripts pass through RNA processing, modification, and transport machineries as part of their posttranscriptional maturation process. The first factor to interact with Pol III transcripts is La protein, which binds principally via its conserved N-terminal domain (NTD), to the UUU-OH motif that results from transcription termination. This review includes a sequence Logo of the most conserved region of La and its refined modeling as an RNA recognition motif (RRM). La protects RNAs from 3' exonucleolytic digestion and also contributes to their nuclear retention. The variety of modifications found on La-associated RNAs is reviewed in detail and considered in the contexts of how La may bind the termini of structured RNAs without interfering with recognition by modification enzymes, and its ability to chaperone RNAs through multiple parts of their maturation pathways. The CTD of human La recognizes the 5' end region of nascent RNA in a manner that is sensitive to serine 366 phosphorylation. Although the CTD can control pre-tRNA cleavage by RNase P, a rate-limiting step in tRNASerUGA maturation, the extent to which it acts in the maturation pathway(s) of other transcripts is unknown but considered here. Evidence that a fraction of La resides in the nucleolus together with recent findings that several Pol III transcripts pass through the nucleolus is also reviewed. An imminent goal is to understand how the bipartite RNA binding, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction activities of La are integrated with the maturation pathways of the various RNAs with which it associates.
Regulation of Voluntary Physical Activity Behavior: A Review of Evidence Involving Dopaminergic Pathways in the Brain (2022)

Physical activity leads to well-established health benefits. Current efforts to enhance physical activity have targeted mainly socioeconomic factors. However, despite these efforts, only a small number of adults engage in regular physical activity to the point of meeting current recommendations. Evidence collected in rodent models and humans establish a strong central nervous system component that regulates physical activity behavior. In particular, dopaminergic pathways in the central nervous system are among the best-characterized biological mechanisms to date with respect to regulating reward, motivation, and habit formation, which are critical for establishing regular physical activity. Herein, we discuss evidence for a role of brain dopamine in the regulation of voluntary physical activity behavior based on selective breeding and pharmacological studies in rodents, as well as genetic studies in both rodents and humans. While these studies establish a role of dopamine and associated mechanisms in the brain in the regulation of voluntary physical activity behavior, there is clearly need for more research on the underlying biology involved in motivation for physical activity and the formation of a physical activity habit. Such knowledge at the basic science level may ultimately be translated into better strategies to enhance physical activity levels within the society.
Non-contact electro-optic sampling system in subpicosecond regime (2002)

An advanced external electrooptic sampling system is developed for use in high-speed electronic devices and circuit characterization of the subpicosecond regime. The system is designed on the basis of an electromagnetic field analysis, which clarifies system performance parameters such as sensitivity, temporal resolution, and invasiveness. One of the novel features of the system is sophisticated probe positioning over the circuit surface. An absolute distance accuracy of less than 1 mu m and a resolution of less than 0.5 mu m are realized, and measurement accuracy and reproducibility are improved. Another important feature is the precise positioning of multioptical beams without changing their optical path lengths, which enables accurate delay measurement of internal circuit nodes. A temporal resolution of less than 0.4 ps, a spatial resolution of 1 mu m, and a voltage sensitivity of less than 1 mV/ square root Hz are achieved with this system. Generation and measurement of subpicosecond electrical pulses from a pulse-forming device are also demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human Mesenchymal Stem (Stromal) Cells Promote the Resolution of Acute Lung Injury in Part through Lipoxin A4 (2015)

Previous studies demonstrated that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) reduce the severity of acute lung injury in animal models and in an ex vivo perfused human lung model. However, the mechanisms by which MSCs reduce lung injury are not well understood. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that human MSCs promote the resolution of acute lung injury in part through the effects of a specialized proresolving mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Human alveolar epithelial type II cells and MSCs expressed biosynthetic enzymes and receptors for LXA4. Coculture of human MSCs with alveolar epithelial type II cells in the presence of cytomix significantly increased the production of LXA4 by 117%. The adoptive transfer of MSCs after the onset of LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice led to improved survival (48 h), and blocking the LXA4 receptor with WRW4, a LXA4 receptor antagonist, significantly reversed the protective effect of MSCs on both survival and the accumulation of pulmonary edema. LXA4 alone improved survival in mice, and it also significantly decreased the production of TNF-α and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In summary, these experiments demonstrated two novel findings: human MSCs promote the resolution of lung injury in mice in part through the proresolving lipid mediator LXA4, and LXA4 itself should be considered as a therapeutic for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Multi-source cooperation with full-diversity spectral-efficiency and controllable-complexity (2007)

A general framework is developed for multi-source cooperation (MSC) protocols to improve diversity and spectral efficiency relative to repetition based alternatives that rely on single-source cooperation. The novel protocols are flexible to balance tradeoffs among diversity, spectral efficiency and decoding-complexity. Users are grouped in clusters and follow a two-phase MSC protocol which involves time division multiple access (TDMA) to separate users within a cluster, and code division multiple access (CDMA) used to separate clusters. An attractive protocol under the general MSC framework relies on distributed complex field coding (DCFC) to enable diversity order equal to the number of users per cluster. Cluster separation based on orthonormal spreading sequences leads to spectral efficiency 1/2. When the number of clusters exceeds the amount of spreading, spectral efficiency can be enhanced without sacrificing diversity, at the expense of controllable increase in complexity. Simulations corroborate our analytical claims