gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction of a fully active truncated alternansucrase partially deleted of its carboxy‐terminal domain (2006)

Recombinant expression of the large alternansucrase (2057 amino acids) was hindered in E. coli due to poor enzyme solubility and protein degradation. The effects of deletions of the alternansucrase C-terminal CW-like and APY repeated motifs on enzyme solubility and specificity were investigated. A truncated variant deleted of the APY repeats but harboring four C-terminal CW-like repeats displayed a high specific activity and the same specificity of product synthesis as the native enzyme. It is more soluble and suffers less degradation than full length alternansucrase. Hence this truncated variant is a promising tool for the further structural and kinetic study of this interesting enzyme.
Software-based test and diagnosis of SoCs using embedded and wide-I/O DRAM (2015)

Modern CMOS technology enables the integration of billions of transistors on a single chip. Emerging three-dimensional (3D) stacking techniques using through-silicon vias (TSVs) promise even higher integration by combining multiple dies in a single package. In order to keep the test cost low and enhance field reliability, there is a need to re-think conventional test practices, such as test-data compression and online testing, as well as test-application techniques and fault diagnosis. Traditional hardware-based on-chip decompression solutions are limited to compression techniques that do not require large hardware overhead for decompression. However, today's system-on-chip designs (SoCs) offer resources, such as embedded processors and large amounts of fast embedded memories, that can be exploited for efficient on-chip test application, online testing, and diagnosis using software-based compression. Examples of such systems are 3D ICs with wide-I/O DRAM or traditional ICs with embedded DRAM (eDRAM). We propose a test and diagnosis solution that makes use of software-based decompression of deterministic scan-test pattern and allows for test application from on-chip DRAM to the logic die, extending traditional hardware-based methods and allowing for online scan-based test and diagnosis. This solution therefore targets SoCs that contain, in addition to a microprocessor, multiple digital-logic cores and glue logic, all of which need to be tested using scan test patterns. Simulation results for benchmarks show that we can achieve high test-data compression, comparable with what is obtained using commercial tools, as well as high-resolution on-chip diagnosis with negligible hardware and test-time overhead.
A simple synthetic route to the formation of a block copolymer of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polylysine for the fabrication of functionalized, degradable structures for biomedical applications (2001)

This article documents the formation of a block copolymer of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polylysine via a simple coupling technique using dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC). The resulting polymer has been characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, GPC, (1)H NMR, and elemental analysis, is soluble in a wide variety of solvents, and is easily processable, making the technique a simple and practical one for the formation of functionalized, degradable block copolymers for the fabrication of functionalized structures for biomedical applications.
Investigation of Cell Voltage Buffer Manipulation Attack in a Battery Management System using Unsupervised Learning Technique (2021)

Allowable voltage difference (buffer) between cells in a battery module is defined in the balancing algorithm of the battery management system (BMS) by the manufacturer and can be updated to reduce or increase the balancing time. When this buffer is slowly increased, the battery module faces degradation which is undetectable unless it exceeds the safe operation threshold, at which point it is detected either by the capacitor bank on the power conversion unit (PCS) side or by the system controller. This parameter could thus be exposed to an attack, which if prolonged for a longer duration, can ultimately reduce the overall lifetime of the battery. In this paper, a BMS algorithm is simulated under normal and manipulated voltage buffer values. To effectively detect the voltage and state of charge (SOC) convergence (balancing) periods, a principal component analysis (PCA) based unsupervised k-means approach is applied on the voltage and SOC datasets and compared with a standalone k-means approach. The results suggest that the PCA based k-means approach outperforms the standalone approach.
Improved Sensitivity of Dye-Doped Thermoplastic Discs for Holographic Data Storage (2005)

Significant sensitivity improvement was achieved in dye-doped thermoplastic materials for holographic data storage at 405nm. The sensitivity characterization method and measurement results are reported.
Coupled plasmon-waveguide resonator for biochemical sensors (1997)

The outer surface of a high-performance metal can support a propagating surface wave that decays exponentially into both the metal and the surrounding medium. P-polarized light can be coupled into such a surface wave under conditions involving a narrow range of angles of incidence beyond the critical angle and a correct thickness of metal film, readily achieved by depositing the metal film on the base of a dielectric prism. Illumination of the prism base from within achieves coupling with a surface wave on the outer surface of the metal, characterized by a deep, narrow dip in p-polarized reflectance known as a surface plasmon resonance. Because the resonance depends critically on the conditions at the outer surface of the metal, it is very sensitive to any changes there. In particular, when a very small amount of additional material is added to the metal surface, the resonance responds by moving to a greater angle of incidence and changing its shape. Measurement of these changes can then be interpreted in terms of the properties of the additional layer. Three principal parameters characterize the resonance, width, depth and angular position, and these can be related to the thickness and optical properties of the added layer. This contrasts with ellipsometric measurements that have essentially two parameters and possesses the additional advantage over these and other techniques that the measurement is completely confined to the side of the metal film remote from the film under measurement. The technique has been used in many applications but especially in biochemical investigations of membrane protein processes [1, 2].
A liquid over-feeding military air conditioner (1995)

A 3.3-ton military air conditioning unit has been studied experimentally in both baseline (as received) and as modified for liquid over-feeding (LOF) operation. Tne baseline test, using a proper refrigerant charge, showed the measured cooling capacity to be less than 1% off the rated capacity at 95{degrees}F ambient temperature. The test results indicate that LOF operation outperforms the baseline case over a wide ambient temperature range in terms of cooling capacity, power consumption, and system coefficient of performance (COP). At a 95{degrees}F test point, LOF operation has a cooling capacity of 51,100 BTU per hour, which is a 28.9% improvement over the baseline operation capacity of 39,600 BTU per hour. The COP for LOF at 95{degrees}F is 2.62, which is 29% better than the baseline COP of 2.03. However, an optimal refrigerant charge is essential for LOF to work properly.
Immunotherapy with Bet v 1-derived contiguous overlapping peptides leads to long term immunoregulatory responses (107.14) (2011)

Abstract Allergen specific immunotherapy with whole pollen extract may induce anaphylaxis, is poorly standardized and of long duration. We thus designed a randomized, placebo-controlled phase I/II trial in volunteers with birch pollen allergic rhinitis and asthma to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a novel immunotherapy based on contiguous overlapping peptides (COPs) derived from Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen. A mixture of three COPs (AllerT™, Anergis SA, Switzerland) spanning the whole Bet v 1 molecule was selected for its inability to bind IgE. Prior to the pollen season, AllerT (in Alum) was injected subcutaneously to 15 adult volunteers at D0 (57 μg), D7, D14, D21 and D51 (95 μg each). Control volunteers (n=5) received only adjuvant. Overall AllerT was safe. No serious adverse events and no immediate allergic reactions were reported. AllerT induced a vigorous early Bet v 1 specific immune response marked by vaccine associated INFγ and IL-10 secretion. This contributed to a strong anti-Bet v 1-specific IgG4 enhancement. Moreover, two months after the second season post treatment (July 2010), serum Bet v 1 specific IgG4 response was still markedly increased as compared to pre-treatment values and to placebo whereas post seasonal Bet v 1 specific IgE titers were similar to baseline values. Taken together this indicates that immunotherapy with a mixture of three COPs derived from Bet v 1 (AllerT) was safe and immunogenic, and led to long term immunological memory.
Testability implications of performance driven logic synthesis (1995)

Retiming improves performance but also increases test generation time and decreases fault coverage. Research conducted at Carnegie Mellon and McGill Universities attempts to explain the impact of retiming on the testability of sequential logic circuits. A novel test preservation theorem suggests a powerful way to decrease the test generation cost of retimed circuits. The authors also discuss a recently recognized circuit attribute that better explains the complexity of structural, sequential automatic test pattern generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SUSPENSION BOAT DYNAMICS - Technical Note (2013)

Small boats operating at high speeds often see very high vertical accelerations, which impose large loads on the boats as well as on their occupants. A boat concept with suspension was developed to reduce vertical accelerations. It consists of a centre-hull that is generally not in contact with the water and one or more sponsons connected to suspension links, springs and shock absorbers. Numerical simulations were performed on a simplified 4 degree-of-freedom model operating in seas generated from wave buoy data. A suspension boat with the general size and mass of an NSWRIB 11 meter boat was analysed and optimized. The analyses indicate that the suspension boat could operate at 60 knots in sea state 3 without seeing vertical accelerations above 1.5 G. The same boat but with rigidly mounted running surfaces would see an order of magnitude higher vertical accelerations.
Sex steroids regulate skin pigmentation through nonclassical membrane-bound receptors (2016)

The association between pregnancy and altered cutaneous pigmentation has been documented for over two millennia, suggesting that sex hormones play a role in regulating epidermal melanocyte (MC) homeostasis. Here we show that physiologic estrogen (17β-estradiol) and progesterone reciprocally regulate melanin synthesis. This is intriguing given that we also show that normal primary human MCs lack classical estrogen or progesterone receptors (ER or PR). Utilizing both genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we establish that sex steroid effects on human pigment synthesis are mediated by the membrane-bound, steroid hormone receptors G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), and progestin and adipoQ receptor 7 (PAQR7). Activity of these receptors was activated or inhibited by synthetic estrogen or progesterone analogs that do not bind to ER or PR. As safe and effective treatment options for skin pigmentation disorders are limited, these specific GPER and PAQR7 ligands may represent a novel class of therapeutics.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Flip-Flops Using Feedback for High-Speed Integrated Circuits (2016)

This brief presents a high-speed inductorless D flip-flop (DFF) architecture that works on the principle of equalization using two feedbacks. Feedback from the first latch output to the input effectively results in a linear equalizer, whereas the feedback of the flip-flop output to the input culminates in decision feedback equalization. The proposed feedback-based DFF designed in a 90-nm CMOS technology shows 37.5% improvement in speed, as compared with the conventional flip-flops (conv-DFFs) without feedbacks. Post-layout circuit simulations also show an overall 33.7% improvement in the speed of a high-speed pseudorandom binary sequence generator when such feedbacks are added to conv-DFFs in it. Additionally, when this technique is used in a Hogge phase detector for clock and data recovery, 89% improvement in vertical eye opening and 73% reduction in pattern-dependent jitter at the input of the phase detector are observed. In essence, the technique effectively achieves distributed equalization in high-speed communication circuits.
High sensitivity active flat optics optical phased array receiver with a two-dimensional aperture (2018)

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) on integrated photonic platforms provide a low-cost chip-scale solution for many applications. Despite the numerous demonstrations of OPA transmitters, the realization of a functional OPA receiver presents a challenge due to the low received signal level in the presence of noise and interference that necessitates high sensitivity of the receiver. In this paper, an integrated receiver system is presented that is capable of on-chip adaptive manipulation and processing of the captured waveform. The receiver includes an optoelectronic mixer that down-converts optical signals to radio frequencies while maintaining their phase and amplitude information. The optoelectronic mixer also provides conversion gain that enhances the system sensitivity and its robustness to noise and interference. Using this system, the first OPA receiver with a two-dimensional aperture of 8-by-8 receiving elements is demonstrated which can selectively receive light from 64 different angles. The OPA receiver can form reception beams with a beamwidth of 0.75<sup>°</sup> over an 8<sup>°</sup> grating-lobe-free field of view.
Broadband tuning (Δ<i>E</i>∼100 meV) of Al<i>x</i> Ga1−<i>x</i>As quantum well heterostructure lasers with an external grating (1983)

Alx Ga1−xAs-GaAs quantum well heterostructure laser diodes are shown to be tunable over a 100-meV range when operated continuously (cw) at room temperature in an external cavity with a grating to control feedback. The gain profile of the n=1 and n′=1′ (electron-to-heavy hole and electron-to-light hole, e→hh and e→lh) transitions and the n=2 electron-to-heavy hole transitions are clearly outlined by the intensity profile of the selected laser lines. The partial homogeneous broadening of the gain profile agrees with rapid carrier relaxation in the well. The diodes contain a single 60–90-Å GaAs well and are grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition.
Lipid complexes for transferring at least a therapeutically active substance, in particular a polynucleotide into a target.. (2001)

The invention concerns a complex comprising at least a lipid and at least a therapeutically active substance useful for transferring said substance into a target cell, characterised in that said lipid is of formula (I): in which: n 1 , n 2 ,..
Marx generator design and performance (2003)

This paper presents a broad overview of Marx generators, ranging from the traditional Marx generator to the wave erection generator. It is specifically written as a brief introduction to key concepts with references tied to each area. Key topics include operating techniques, triggering techniques, switches, repetition rates, jitter, and applications.
Framework and Requirements for GMPLS-based Control of Flexible Ethernet Network (2016)

Flex Ethernet (FlexE) technology, which is defined by Optical
Internetworking Forum (OIF), is a new kind of data plane technology
and can be used to provides a generic mechanism for supporting a
variety of Ethernet MAC rates that may or may not correspond to any
existing Ethernet PHY rate. This includes MAC rates that are greater
than (through bonding) and less than (through sub-rate and
channelization) the standard Ethernet PHY rates. Based on the
applications/use cases given in the Flex Ethernet Implementation
Agreement [FlexE-IA], this document defines a framework and control
plane requirements for the application of existing GMPLS architecture
and control plane protocols to the control of flexible Ethernet
network. The actual extensions to the GMPLS protocols will be defined
in companion documents.
Improved Late Gadolinium Enhancement MR Imaging for Patients with Implanted Cardiac Devices (2013)

The modified wideband LGE MR imaging technique eliminates the hyperintensity artifacts seen in patients with cardiac devices. The technique may enable LGE MR imaging in patients with cardiac devices, in whom LGE MR imaging otherwise could not be used for diagnosis.
Boranophosphate Salts as an Excellent Mimic of Phosphate Salts: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties (2004)

Abstract We report on the preparation of boranophosphate salts, BPi ( 2 ), and the exploration of their properties with a view to developing a new mimic of the parent phosphate. BPi salts were easily prepared in excellent yield in a one‐pot two‐step reaction from tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite, and were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and IR, 1 H and 31 P NMR spectroscopy. We evaluated the acid/base character of BPi by determining its acidity constants. Likewise, we evaluated the stability of BPi at various pH values, and calculated the decomposition‐rate constants at highly acidic pH. We also monitored the H‐bonded clustering of BPi in organic solvents, including MeOH. Finally, we explored the chemical behavior of BPi with respect to various organic and inorganic reagents. BPi is stable under the following conditions: both basic and acidic pH (pH > 2), in the presence of amines, and in the presence of Mg 2+ ions. However, a P−B bond cleavage is observed upon the reaction of BPi with carbodiimides or upon catalytic hydrogenation. The reducing nature of the BH 3 moiety is drastically decreased in BPi. Likewise, the nucleophilicity of BPi’s oxygen atom is lower than in phosphate, Pi, salts. Based on its water solubility, acid‐base character, and H‐bonding properties, BPi appears as a perfect mimic of Pi and is an attractive alternative to the known phosphate isosters. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Color‐Tunable Photoluminescent Fullerene Nanoparticles (2012)

Highly water-soluble and color-tunable photoluminescent fullerene nanoparticles are synthesized by using tetraethylene glycol (TEG) and lithium hydroxide as a catalyst. The maximum PL emission changes depend on the contents of the remaining π-conjugation in oxidized C(60), which is partially covalently conjugated with TEG. The PL behavior is attributed to an electronic transition change due to the distortion of symmetrical C(60).
P‐152: High Performance Reflective and Transflective Displays Using Guest‐Host Liquid Crystal Gels (2006)

Abstract Two high performance reflective guest‐host liquid crystal displays (GH LCDs) using a dual‐frequency liquid crystal (DFLC) gel and a negative liquid crystal (NLC) gel are developed. These polarizer‐free GH‐LCDs exhibit ∼50% reflectance, ∼200:1 contrast ratio, and <5 ms response time. Such reflective LCDs can also be used in double cell gap transflective displays.
Pseudo-phase information of complex analytic signal of speckle fields and its applications: microdisplacement measurement based on phase-only correlation in signal domain (2004)

As an alternative to the intensity correlation technique used in conventional speckle metrology, we propose a new technique of displacement measurement based on spatial signal-domain phase-only correlation that makes use of the pseudo phase of the complex analytic signal generated from a Hilbert-filtered speckle pattern. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the validity and the advantage of the proposed signal-domain phase-only correlation technique over the conventional intensity correlation technique.
P3‐250: Automated quantitative analysis of clustering and response timing on the semantic verbal fluency test (2012)

Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) often shows early disproportionate decline in AD relative to other language, attention, and executive abilities. Successful performance requires the ability to organize conceptual information into related clusters and efficiently access these clusters. Current methods for assessing clustering are labor-intensive and subjective. We have developed an automated computational linguistic approach to quantify the semantic content of SVF responses into reproducible clustering indices, and demonstrated these metrics are associated with brain imaging, diagnostic group membership, and rate of cognitive decline. Although promising, these indices are limited by their lack of precise information on the duration of hesitation between words. This study piloted the development of SVF pause duration metrics in a sample of audio recorded SVF from the Nun Study. Audio recordings of the SVF task (N=19) were selected from the baseline data of cognitively intact sisters in order to pilot the creation of response timing variables, and evaluate their relationship with cross-sectional cognitive measures and clinical outcome. Automated clustering metrics were computed based on the semantic relatedness between pairs of response words. Once clusters were quantitatively defined, timing measurements of the mean pause interval between response words were calculated in two ways: pause duration between relatedness-defined clusters (BCP) and pause duration within relatedness-defined clusters (WCP). These metrics were correlated with baseline cognitive tests, and entered into hazard models evaluating relative risk of memory impairment or dementia onset. Baseline BCP was significantly correlated with list-learning delayed recall (r=−.518, P=.028), and WCP with the CERAD battery total score (r=−.645, P=.004), both controlling for the traditional SVF score. Cox proportional hazard regression models found that WCP was a significant predictor of risk of future memory impairment (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04-1.69, P=.023), and both BCP and WCP were significant predictors of future dementia risk (BCP 2.72, 95% CI 1.25-5.94, p=.012; WCP 1.28, 95%CI 1.03-1.60, P=.027). Our study demonstrates initial feasibility and validity of adding response timing metrics to automatically computed indices of semantic relatedness between words generated on the SVF test and their quantitatively-defined clusters. This approach is objective, reproducible, and provides additional information not captured by the traditional SVF score.
Stepwise reprogramming of liver cells to a pancreas progenitor state by the transcriptional regulator Tgif2 (2017)

The development of a successful lineage reprogramming strategy of liver to pancreas holds promises for the treatment and potential cure of diabetes. The liver is an ideal tissue source for generating pancreatic cells, because of its close developmental origin with the pancreas and its regenerative ability. Yet, the molecular bases of hepatic and pancreatic cellular plasticity are still poorly understood. Here, we report that the TALE homeoprotein TGIF2 acts as a developmental regulator of the pancreas versus liver fate decision and is sufficient to elicit liver-to-pancreas fate conversion both ex vivo and in vivo. Hepatocytes expressing Tgif2 undergo extensive transcriptional remodelling, which represses the original hepatic identity and, over time, induces a pancreatic progenitor-like phenotype. Consistently, in vivo forced expression of Tgif2 activates pancreatic progenitor genes in adult mouse hepatocytes. This study uncovers the reprogramming activity of TGIF2 and suggests a stepwise reprogramming paradigm, whereby a 'lineage-restricted' dedifferentiation step precedes the identity switch.