gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Development, and Evaluation of a Pinch–Grasp Haptic Interface (2012)

Interaction with virtual or teleoperated environments requires contact with objects on a multipoint level. We describe the design of a pinch-grasp hand interface device for use as a grasping mechanism to complement haptic interfaces. To preserve a suitable level of transparency for human-computer interaction, this novel interface is designed for high-resolution contact forces, while centered around a lightweight structure. This functionality renders the device scalable and adaptable to a wide range of haptic interface structures and force level requirements. We present an optimal configuration for a pinch-grasp interface, which produces bidirectional forces to an operator's fingers and a rotational force to the wrist through a cable drive system. The device is characterized for use on a commercial haptic interface through demonstration of sustained peak performance and also workspace utilization. The dynamic performance of the pinch-grasp interface is experimentally determined, and the frequency response is identified to illustrate its contact force resolution.
Glucokinase mutations associated with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus have decreased enzymatic activity: implications for structure/function relationships. (1993)

The glycolytic enzyme glucokinase plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion and recent studies have shown that mutations in the human glucokinase gene are a common cause of an autosomal dominant form of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) that has an onset often during childhood. The majority of the mutations that have been identified are missense mutations that result in the synthesis of a glucokinase molecule with an altered amino acid sequence. To characterize the effect of these mutations on the catalytic properties of human beta-cell glucokinase, we have expressed native and mutant forms of this protein in Escherichia coli. All of the missense mutations show changes in enzyme activity including a decrease in Vmax and/or increase in Km for glucose. Using a model for the three-dimensional structure of human glucokinase based on the crystal structure of the related enzyme yeast hexokinase B, the mutations map primarily to two regions of the protein. One group of mutations is located in the active site cleft separating the two domains of the enzyme as well as in surface loops leading into this cleft. These mutations usually result in large reductions in enzyme activity. The second group of mutations is located far from the active site in a region that is predicted to undergo a substrate-induced conformational change that results in closure of the active site cleft. These mutations show a small approximately 2-fold reduction in Vmax and a 5- to 10-fold increase in Km for glucose. The characterization of mutations in glucokinase that are associated with a distinct and readily recognizable form of NIDDM has led to the identification of key amino acids involved in glucokinase catalysis and localized functionally important regions of the glucokinase molecule.
Transparent Electrodes: Smooth Nanowire/Polymer Composite Transparent Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 26/2011) (2011)

Silver nanowires are embedded into a poly-(4,3-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film to create solution-processed transparent electrodes. These smooth, high-performance films can be used as a replacement for indium tin oxide in organic photovoltaic cells, with the devices showing the same performance as the standard device on glass and improved performance on plastic substrates, report Whitney Gaynor and co-workers on p. 2905.
Biphenylsulfonamide Endothelin Receptor Antagonists. 2. Discovery of 4‘-Oxazolyl Biphenylsulfonamides as a New Class of Potent, Highly Selective ET<sub>A</sub> Antagonists (2000)

The synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of a series of 4'-oxazolyl-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)[1, 1'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide derivatives as endothelin-A (ET(A)) receptor antagonists are described. The data reveal a remarkable improvement in potency and metabolic stability when the 4'-position of the biphenylsulfonamide is substituted with an oxazole ring. Additional 2'-substitution of an acylaminomethyl group further increased the binding activity and provided one of the first subnanomolar ET(A)-selective antagonists in the biphenylsulfonamide series (17, ET(A) K(i) = 0.2 nM). Among the compounds described, 3 (N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-4'-(2-oxazolyl)[1, 1'-biphenyl]-2-sulfonamide; BMS-193884) had the optimum pharmacological profile and was therefore selected as a clinical candidate for studies in congestive heart failure.
Ferrofluid-based deformable mirrors: a new approach to adaptive optics using liquid mirrors (2003)

The trend towards ever larger telescopes and more advanced adaptive optics systems is driving the need for deformable mirrors with a large number of low cost actuators. Liquid mirrors have long been recognized a potential low cost alternative to conventional solid mirrors. By using a water or oil based ferrofluid we are able to benefit from a stronger magnetic response than is found in magnetic liquid metal amalgams and avoid the difficulty of passing a uniform current through a liquid. Depositing a thin silver colloid known as a metal liquid like film (MELLF) on the ferrofluid surface solves the problem of low reflectivity of pure ferrofluids. This combination provides a liquid optical surface that can be precisely shaped in a magnetic field. We present experimental results obtained with a prototype deformable liquid mirror based on this combination.
Long-wavelength (9-11 μm) quantum cascade lasers (2002)

Summary form only given. Quantum Cascade (QC) lasers represent a fundamentally different semiconductor light-source based on the unipolar injection of carriers and on intersubband transitions between confined quantum states electrically pumped by resonant tunneling. In this paper QC lasers operating in the 9-11 μm infrared region are reported for the first time. Semiconductor lasers in the 8-13 μm atmospheric window are important for a wide range of applications from environmental sensing to industrial process control. In addition this work, combined with previous reports at shorter wavelengths, demonstrates that QC lasers are ideally suited to cover a wide spectral range by appropriate tailoring of the layer thickness using the same technologically advanced heterostructure material rather than low-band-gap semiconductors.
Development and Application of Hepatitis C Reporter Viruses with Genotype 1 to 7 Core-Nonstructural Protein 2 (NS2) Expressing Fluorescent Proteins or Luciferase in Modified JFH1 NS5A (2011)

To facilitate genotype-specific high-throughput studies of hepatitis C virus (HCV), we have developed reporter viruses using JFH1-based recombinants expressing core-nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) of genotype 1 to 7 prototype isolates. We introduced enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into NS5A domain III of the genotype 2a virus J6/JFH1 [2a(J6)]. During Huh7.5 cell culture adaptation, 2a(J6)-EGFP acquired a 40-amino-acid (aa) (Δ40) or 25-aa (Δ25) deletion in NS5A domain II, rescuing the impairment of viral assembly caused by the EGFP insertion. Δ40 conferred efficient growth characteristics to 2a(J6) tagged with EGFP, DsRed-Express2, mCherry, or Renilla luciferase (RLuc), yielding peak supernatant infectivity titers of 4 to 5 log(10) focus-forming units (FFU)/ml. 2a(J6) with Δ40 or Δ25 was fully viable in Huh7.5 cells. In human liver chimeric mice, 2a(J6)-EGFPΔ40 acquired various deletions in EGFP, while 2a(J6)Δ40 did not show an impaired viability. We further developed panels of JFH1-based genotype 1 to 7 core-NS2 recombinants expressing EGFP- or RLuc-NS5AΔ40 fusion proteins. In cell culture, the different EGFP recombinants showed growth characteristics comparable to those of the nontagged recombinants, with peak infectivity titers of 4 to 5 log(10) FFU/ml. RLuc recombinants showed slightly less efficient growth characteristics, with peak infectivity titers up to 10-fold lower. Overall, the EGFP and RLuc recombinants were genetically stable after one viral passage. The usefulness of these reporter viruses for high-throughput fluorescence- and luminescence-based studies of HCV-receptor interactions and serum-neutralizing antibodies was demonstrated. Finally, using RLuc viruses, we showed that the genotype-specific core-NS2 sequence did not influence the response to alfa-2b interferon (IFN-alfa-2b) and that genotype 1 to 7 viruses all responded to treatment with p7 ion channel inhibitors.
emPAI Calc—for the estimation of protein abundance from large-scale identification data by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2009)

emPAI Calc is an open-source web application for the estimation of protein abundance. It uses the correlation between the number of identified peptides and protein abundance in mass spectrometry-based proteomic experiments. The program is the first implementation of our previously reported emPAI algorithm; it calculates the emPAI from the protein identification results obtained by database search engines such as Mascot.
A Proposed Computed Tomography Contrast Agent Using Carboxybetaine Zwitterionic Tantalum Oxide Nanoparticles (2016)

We found that a CZ-TaO NP-based contrast agent is potentially viable for general-purpose clinical CT imaging. Our results suggest that such an agent can be formulated with clinically viable physicochemical properties, can be biologically safe and cleared rapidly in urine, and can provide substantially improved image contrast at CT compared with current iodinated agents.
Model-based scanner tuning for process optimization (2011)

Traditional scanner matching methods have been based in 1D proximity matching targets and the use of wafer-based CD metrology to characterize both the initial mismatch as well as the sensitivity of CDs to scanner tuning knobs. One such method is implemented in ASML Pattern Matcher, which performs a linear optimization based on user provided CD sensitivities and pre-match data. The user provided data usually comes from wafer exposures done at multiple scanner illumination conditions measured with CD-SEM. In the near future ASML plans to provide the capability to support YieldStar CD data for Pattern Matcher which will collect CD data with higher precision and much faster turn-around-time that CD-SEM. Pattern Matcher has been used successfully in multiple occasions. Results for one such occasion are shown in Figure 1 which presents the through pitch mismatch behavior of one ASML XT:1400F with respect to an ASML XT:1400E for a 32nm contact layer.
A high-reliability, low-cost, interleaved bridge converter (1991)

The interleaved bridge topology uses two transformers in series to act as both inductor and transformer, allowing zero-voltage resonant transition switching for high-frequency, low-loss operation. High frequency reduces the requirement for large filter capacitors and reduces the size of the magnetics. Costs are reduced by trading electrolytic capacitors for ceramic capacitors, which also improves reliability. Costs are also reduced by eliminating gate driving isolation transformers and snubbers. Experimental results compare favorably with previous designs and costs. Both cost and reliability concerns are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Swept Coherent Optical Spectrum Analysis (2004)

Swept coherent optical spectrum analysis is becoming a viable method for subpicometer spectral characterization of optical communications signals. The performance of this technique depends on a number of factors that we have investigated both theoretically and experimentally. This includes the influence of signal linewidth, polarization, optical phase, intensity noise, and electrical filtering methods. These effects are discussed in detail and illustrated through spectral measurements on communications transmitters. We extend the heterodyne method to permit measurement of both spectral amplitude and phase of the spectral sidebands. The transformation of the complex optical field spectrum to the time domain waveform is demonstrated.
Mechanisms of the Antioxidant Effects of Nitric Oxide (2001)

The Janus face of nitric oxide (NO) has prompted a debate as to whether NO plays a deleterious or protective role in tissue injury. There are a number of reactive nitrogen oxide species, such as N2O3 and ONOO-, that can alter critical cellular components under high local concentrations of NO. However, NO can also abate the oxidation chemistry mediated by reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2- that occurs at physiological levels of NO. In addition to the antioxidant chemistry, NO protects against cell death mediated by H2O2, alkylhydroperoxides, and xanthine oxidase. The attenuation of metal/peroxide oxidative chemistry, as well as lipid peroxidation, appears to be the major chemical mechanisms by which NO may limit oxidative injury to mammalian cells. In addition to these chemical and biochemical properties, NO can modulate cellular and physiological processes to limit oxidative injury, limiting processes such as leukocyte adhesion. This review will address these aspects of the chemical biology of this multifaceted free radical and explore the beneficial effect of NO against oxidative stress.
Secure Logical Isolation for Multi-tenancy in cloud storage (2013)

Storage cloud systems achieve economies of scale by serving multiple tenants from a shared pool of servers and disks. This leads to the commingling of data from different tenants on the same devices. Typically, a request is processed by an application running with sufficient privileges to access any tenant's data; this application authenticates the user and authorizes the request prior to carrying it out. Since the only protection is at the application level, a single vulnerability threatens the data of all tenants, and could lead to cross-tenant data leakage, making the cloud much less secure than dedicated physical resources. To provide security close to physical isolation while allowing complete resource pooling, we propose Secure Logical Isolation for Multi-tenancy (SLIM). SLIM incorporates the first complete security model and set of principles for the safe logical isolation between tenant resources in a cloud storage system, as well as a set of mechanisms for implementing the model. We show how to implement SLIM for OpenStack Swift and present initial performance results.
Internal Filler-Wire Feed For Arc Welding (1990)

Tungsten electrode for gas/tungsten arc welding contains lengthwise channel for feeding filler wire to weld joint. Channel makes it unnecessary to feed wire through guides outside electrode, conserving valuable space near weld and protects wire from deformation by contact with other parts in vicinity of weld. Helpful in robotic or automatic welding.
Antineoplastic Agents, 177. Isolation and Structure of Phyllanthostatin 6 (1990)

The isolation and structural elucidation of a new Phyllanthus glycoside, phyllanthostatin 6 [7], was summarized. Phyllanthostatin 6 [7] was isolated from the roots of Phyllanthus acuminatus (Euphorbiaceae) and was found to inhibit (ED50 = 0.35 micrograms/ml) growth of the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line. Two other new constituents were shown to be didesacetylphyllanthostatin 3 [9] and descinnamoylphyllanthocindiol [10]. Structure determinations were achieved employing hrfabms and 2D-nmr spectroscopy. Application of an hplc separation technique to the Phyllanthus glycosides and development of a new isolation procedure for the major antineoplastic constituent, phyllanthoside [1], are also described.
8-electrode capacitance system for two-component flow identification. Part 2: Flow regime identification (1989)

Following the first paper on tomographic flow imaging, the authors describe a method for identifying the patterns of two-component flows using the same 8-electrode capacitance system, but using a simpler signal-processing system than that for tomographic reconstruction. The measured capacitance vector of an unknown flow is compared with the stored ‘fingerprint’ vectors of various known flow patterns, and, hence, the actual flow regime can be identified.
Neonatal Platelets Are Less Reactive than Adult Platelets to Physiological Agonists in Whole Blood (1994)

Previous studies have reported that the platelets of healthy term neonates have either diminished or normal reactivity compared to the platelets of adults. To circumvent the methodologic problems of previous studies, we used a whole blood flow cytometric method to study neonatal platelet reactivity to thrombin, a combination of ADP and epinephrine, and U46619 (a stable thromboxane A2 analogue). Inclusion in the assay of the peptide GPRP (an inhibitor of fibrin polymerization) enabled us to study platelet reactivity to human alpha-thrombin in whole blood. Umbilical cord blood and day 1 peripheral blood were collected from 30 healthy term neonates and compared to peripheral blood from 20 normal adults. In whole blood samples without added agonist, there were no significant differences between neonates and adults in the platelet binding of monoclonal antibodies 6D1 (GPIb-specific) or 7E3 (GPIIb-IIIa complex-specific). As determined by S12 (a P-selectin-specific monoclonal antibody), neither neonates nor adults had circulating degranulated platelets. However, in both cord and peripheral whole blood samples, neonatal platelets were significantly less reactive than adult platelets to thrombin, ADP/epinephrine, and U46619, as determined by the extent of increase in the platelet surface expression of P-selectin and the GPIIb-IIIa complex, and the extent of decrease in the platelet surface expression of the GPIb-IX complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extensions to Three Dimensions: Introduction to the Section On 3-D Geologic Block Modeling: Chapter 13 (1992)

Geological concepts invariably involve spatial relationships, so most exploration and reservoir analysis should be three dimensional. Significant benefits can be gained by working directly in three dimensions, rather than using a series of two-dimensional analyses to gain three-dimensional insights. These benefits include use of appropriate averaging, better analysis of reservoir continuity, ability to interface data with other programs, and increased geologist's productivity. Because of spatial complexity and the need to process large amounts of geologic data, computer programs are used to map and model rock properties. The papers in this section deal with what we shall call 3-D geologic block models. In these models, we divide the geological volume to be studied into blocks, and use observed data to assign geological properties to the blocks to make a complete representation of the existing geology. The set of blocks with assigned geologic attributes thus constitute 3-D geologic block models. Geological interpretation is important with 2-D computer mapping, and interpretation similarly should be used during the modeling process. The assignment of values to the model blocks should be made in a way that incorporates stratigraphic and structural information. This paper summarizes benefits of 3-D geologic block modeling over 2-D analyses, and then describes some current approaches to this type of modeling.
A novel approach of adaptive feedback cancellation for hearing aids (2003)

In this paper, a band-limited adaptive feedback cancellation algorithm for hearing aids is proposed. Utilizing the characteristics of the feedback oscillation, the algorithm provides better cancellation efficiency, convergence behavior and, hence, better output sound quality than the widely-used wideband feedback cancellation schemes.
Elevated Basal Pre-infection CXCL10 in Plasma and in the Small Intestine after Infection Are Associated with More Rapid HIV/SIV Disease Onset (2016)

Elevated blood CXCL10/IP-10 levels during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) were described as an independent marker of rapid disease onset, more robust than peak viremia or CD4 cell nadir. IP-10 enhances the recruitment of CXCR3+ cells, which include major HIV-target cells, raising the question if it promotes the establishment of viral reservoirs. We analyzed data from four cohorts of HIV+ patients, allowing us to study IP-10 levels before infection (Amsterdam cohort), as well as during controlled and uncontrolled viremia (ANRS cohorts). We also addressed IP-10 expression levels with regards to lymphoid tissues (LT) and blood viral reservoirs in patients and non-human primates. Pre-existing elevated IP-10 levels but not sCD63 associated with rapid CD4 T-cell loss upon HIV-1 infection. During PHI, IP-10 levels and to a lesser level IL-18 correlated with cell-associated HIV DNA, while 26 other inflammatory soluble markers did not. IP-10 levels tended to differ between HIV controllers with detectable and undetectable viremia. IP-10 was increased in SIV-exposed aviremic macaques with detectable SIV DNA in tissues. IP-10 mRNA was produced at higher levels in the small intestine than in colon or rectum. Jejunal IP-10+ cells corresponded to numerous small and round CD68neg cells as well as to macrophages. Blood IP-10 response negatively correlated with RORC (Th17 marker) gene expression in the small intestine. CXCR3 expression was higher on memory CD4+ T cells than any other immune cells. CD4 T cells from chronically infected animals expressed extremely high levels of intra-cellular CXCR3 suggesting internalization after ligand recognition. Elevated systemic IP-10 levels before infection associated with rapid disease progression. Systemic IP-10 during PHI correlated with HIV DNA. IP-10 production was regionalized in the intestine during early SIV infection and CD68+ and CD68neg haematopoietic cells in the small intestine appeared to be the major source of IP-10.
Optimality of network coding with buffers (2011)

We analyze distributed and packetized implementations of random linear network coding (PNC) with buffers. In these protocols, nodes store received packets to later produce coded packets that reflect this information. We show the optimality of PNC for any buffer size; i.e., we show that PNC performs at least as good as any protocols with the same buffer size. In other words, a multicast task completes at exactly the first time in which in hindsight it was possible to route information from the sources to each receiver individually given the buffer constraint, i.e., that the buffer used at each node never exceeds its buffer size. This shows that PNC, even without any feedback or explicit buffer management, allows to keep minimal buffer sizes while maintaining its optimal performance.
Towards extracting web API specifications from documentation (2018)

Web API specifications are machine-readable descriptions of APIs. These specifications, in combination with related tooling, simplify and support the consumption of APIs. However, despite the increased distribution of web APIs, specifications are rare and their creation and maintenance heavily rely on manual efforts by third parties. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach and an associated tool called D2Spec for extracting significant parts of such specifications from web API documentation pages. Given a seed online documentation page of an API, D2Spec first crawls all documentation pages on the API, and then uses a set of machine-learning techniques to extract the base URL, path templates, and HTTP methods - collectively describing the endpoints of the API.