gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling genuine eye contact and accurate gaze in remote collaboration (2010)

Conventional telepresence systems allow remote users to see one another and interact with shared media and documents, but users cannot make eye contact, and gaze awareness with respect to shared media and documents is lost. In this paper we describe a remote collaboration system based on a see-through display to create an experience where local and remote users are seemingly separated only by a vertical sheet of glass. Users can see each other and media displayed on the shared surface. Face detectors on the local and remote video streams are used to introduce an offset in the video display so as to bring the local user's face, the local camera, and the remote user's face image into collinearity. This ensures that when the local user looks at the remote user's image, the camera behind the see-through display captures an image with the `Mona Lisa effect', where the eyes of an image appears to follow the viewer. Experiments show that our system is capable of capturing and delivering realistic, genuine eye contact as well as accurate gaze awareness with respect to shared media.
Atmospheric Transmittance/Radiance : Computer Code LOWTRAN 6. (1983)

This report describes a computer code for predicting atmospheric transmittance and the thermal radiation emitted by the atmosphere and earth from 350 to 40,000 per cm at a spectral resolution of 20 per cm. The program is based on the LOWTRAN 4 (1978) computer code. New altitude and relative-humidity dependent aerosol models and new fog models are included in the code. In addition, the new code structure consists of a main program and 19 subroutines. The computer code contains representative (geographical and seasonal) atmospheric models and representative aerosol models with an option to replace them with user-derived or measured values. The program can be run in one of two modes, namely, to compute only atmospheric transmittance or both atmospheric transmittance and radiance for any given slant path geometry.
Oral delivery of RNase P ribozymes by <i>Salmonella</i> inhibits viral infection in mice (2011)

Safe, effective, and tissue-specific delivery is a central issue for the therapeutic application of nucleic-acid-based gene interfering agents, such as ribozymes and siRNAs. In this study, we constructed a functional RNase P-based ribozyme (M1GS RNA) that targets the overlapping mRNA region of M80.5 and protease, two murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) proteins essential for viral replication. In addition, a novel attenuated strain of Salmonella, which exhibited efficient gene transfer activity and little cytotoxicity and pathogenicity in mice, was constructed and used for delivery of anti-MCMV ribozyme. In MCMV-infected macrophages treated with the constructed attenuated Salmonella strain carrying the functional M1GS RNA construct, we observed an 80-85% reduction in the expression of M80.5/protease and a 2,500-fold reduction in viral growth. Oral inoculation of the attenuated Salmonella strain in mice efficiently delivered antiviral M1GS RNA into spleens and livers, leading to substantial expression of the ribozyme without causing significant adverse effects in the animals. Furthermore, the MCMV-infected mice that were treated orally with Salmonella carrying the functional M1GS sequence displayed reduced viral gene expression, decreased viral titers, and improved survival compared to the untreated mice or mice treated with Salmonella containing control ribozyme sequences. Our results provide direct evidence that oral delivery of M1GS RNA by Salmonella-based vectors effectively inhibits viral gene expression and replication in mice. Moreover, this study demonstrates the utility of Salmonella-mediated oral delivery of RNase P ribozyme for gene-targeting applications in vivo.
Battery state-of-health estimation for mobile devices (2017)

Insufficient support of electric current sensing on commodity mobile devices leads to inaccurate estimation of their battery's state-of-health (SoH), which, in turn, shuts them off unexpectedly and accelerates their battery fading. In this paper, we design V-BASH, a new battery SoH estimation method based only on their voltages and is compatible to commodity mobile devices. V-BASH is inspired by the physical phenomenon that the relaxing battery voltages correlate to battery SoH. Moreover, it is enabled on mobile devices with a common usage pattern of most users frequently taking a long time to charge their devices. The design of V-BASH is guided by 2, 781 empirically collected relaxing voltage traces with 19 mobile device batteries. We evaluate V-BASH using both laboratory experiments and field tests on mobile devices, showing a <6% error in SoH estimation.
Invisible marker based augmented reality system (2005)

Augmented reality (AR) has recently gained significant attention. The previous AR techniques usually need a fiducial marker with known geometry or objects of which the structure can be easily estimated such as cube. Placing a marker in the workspace of the user can be intrusive. To overcome this limitation, we present an AR system using invisible markers which are created/drawn with an infrared (IR) fluorescent pen. Two cameras are used: an IR camera and a visible camera, which are positioned in each side of a cold mirror so that their optical centers coincide with each other. We track the invisible markers using IR camera and visualize AR in the view of visible camera. Additional algorithms are employed for the system to have a reliable performance in the cluttered background. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the viability of the proposed system. As an application of the proposed system, the invisible marker can act as a Vision-Based Identity and Geometry (VBIG) tag, which can significantly extend the functionality of RFID. The invisible tag is the same as RFID in that it is not perceivable while more powerful in that the tag information can be presented to the user by direct projection using a mobile projector or by visualizing AR on the screen of mobile PDA.
Assessment of bone health by analyzing propagation parameters of various modes of acoustic waves (2006)

A method for assessment of bone based on comprehensive analysis of waveforms of ultrasound signals propagating in the bone is presented. A set of ultrasound propagation parameters, which are differentially sensitive to bone material properties, structure, and cortical thickness, are evaluated. The parameters include various features of different modes of acoustics waves, such as bulk, surface, and guided ultrasonic waves in a wide range of carrier frequencies. Data processing algorithms were developed for obtaining axial profiles of waveform parameters. Such profiles are capable of revealing axial heterogeneity of long bones and spatially nonuniform pathological processes, such as osteoporosis. The examination procedure may include either one long bone in the skeleton, like the tibia, radius of the forearm, etc., or several bones in sequence to provide a more comprehensive assessment of the skeletal system. Specifically, for tibia assessment, a multi-parametric linear classifier based on a DEXA evaluation of skeleton conditions has been developed. Preliminary results of the pilot clinical studies involving 149 patients have demonstrated early stages of osteoporosis detection sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 67% based on DEXA data as the gold standard. [Work was supported by NIH and NASA grants.]
New noninvasive methodology to measure cardiac output in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients (2020)

The mathematical model and clinical retrospective analysis demonstrates that the new methodology has the potential to accurately measure CO in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. The next step is validation in animal and clinical settings.
Immunomodulatory Spherical Nucleic Acids* (2020)

Immuno-modulatory nucleic acids have extraordinary promise for treating disease, yet clinical progress has been limited by a lack of tools to safely increase activity in patients. Modulating immunity in a targeted and specific manner is an attractive approach for treating disease. The STAM mouse model has been developed as a small animal model that recapitulates important features of the human disease. The data convincingly show that spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) can be used as constructs for sequence-specific, potent, and therapeutically relevant immune-stimulation and immunoregulation. Importantly, such constructs outperform linear nonlipidated phosphodiester deoxynucleic acids due to a rapid cellular uptake, predominant accumulation in endosomes, and increased resistance to nucleases. Oligonucleotides were synthesized using automated solid support phosphoramidite synthesis. The activity of IR-SNAs was tested in the STAM mouse model of NASH.
Definition of subclasses of adenosine receptors associated with adenylate cyclase: interaction of adenosine analogs with inhibitory A<sub>1</sub> receptors and stimulatory A<sub>2</sub> receptors (1987)

The structure-activity relationships of 63 adenosine analogs as agonists for the A1 adenosine receptors that mediate inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in rat fat cells and for the A2 adenosine receptors that mediate stimulation of adenylate cyclase in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and human platelets were determined. The lack of correspondence between the structure-activity relationships of these analogs at the A1 and A2 receptors appear definitive in terms of establishing the existence of A1 and A2 subclasses of adenosine receptors. However, significant differences in the agonist profiles at A2 receptors of platelet and PC12 indicate a certain degree of structural heterogeneity within the members of the A2 adenosine receptor subclass. Whether such differences are due to different species or different cell types is not known. A set of adenosine analogs, such as N6-cyclohexyl-, N6-R-, and S-1-phenyl-2- propyladenosines, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine and its N6-cyclohexyl derivative, 2-chloroadenosine, and 2-phenylaminoadenosine, appear to represent a series of analogs useful for pharmacological characterization of A1 and A2 classes of adenosine receptors.
False timing path identification using ATPG techniques and delay-based information (2002)

A well-known problem in timing verification of VLSI circuits using static timing analysis tools is the generation of false timing paths. This leads to a pessimistic estimation of the processor speed and wasted engineering effort spent optimizing unsensitizable paths. Earlier results have shown how ATPG techniques can be used to identify false paths efficiently [6],[9], as well as how to bridge the gap between the physical design on which the static timing analysis is based and the test view on which ATPG technique is applied to identify false paths [9]. In this paper, we will demonstrate efficient techniques to identify more false timing paths by utilizing information from an ordered list of timing paths according to the delay information. More than 10% of additional false timing paths out of the total timing paths analyzed are identified compared to earlier results on the MPC7455, a Motorola processor executing to the PowerPC™.
Technical Aspects of Recording Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions Using Maximum Length Sequences (1994)

Our previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of recording evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAEs) using maximum length sequence (MLS) techniques. New equipment has been constructed, using standard DSP boards and computers, which permits stimulation at much higher rates. The technical aspects of analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) requirements, stimulus problems, artefacts, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) computations and MLS application are considered here and illustrated with data from the new system.
Silo, rainbow, and caching token: schemes for scalable, fault tolerant stream caching (2002)

In the current Internet, Web content is increasingly being cached closer to the end user to reduce network and Web server load and improve performance. Existing Web caching systems typically cache entire Web documents and attempt to keep them consistent with the origin server. This approach works well for text and images; for bandwidth intensive multimedia data such as audio and video, caching entire documents is not cost effective and does not scale. An alternative approach is to cache parts of the multimedia stream on different caches in the network and coordinate stream playback from these independent caches. From the perspective of the clients, the collection of cooperating distributed caches acts as a single fault tolerant, scalable cache. In this paper, we focus on data placement and replacement techniques for such co-operating distributed caches. Specifically, we propose the following new schemes that work together. 1) A family of distributed layouts, consisting of two layouts, namely RCache and Silo. The RCache layout is a simple, randomized, easy-to-implement layout that distributes constant length segments of a clip among caches and provides modest storage efficiency. The Silo scheme improves upon RCache; it accounts for long term clip popularity and intraclip segment popularity metrics and provides parameters to tune storage efficiency, server load, and playback switch-overs. 2) Rainbow, a local data replacement scheme based on the concept of segment access potential that accurately captures the popularity metrics. 3) Caching Token, a dynamic global data replacement or redistribution scheme that exploits existing data in distributed caches to minimize data distribution overhead. Our schemes optimize storage space, startup latency, server load, network bandwidth usage, and overhead from playback switch-overs. Our analytical and simulation results show that the silo scheme provides three to eight times higher cache hit ratio than a comparable traditional Web caching system that has the same amount of storage space.
Multi-voltage domain clock mesh design (2012)

This paper investigates the effectiveness of a multi-voltage clock network design that is built using the mesh topology. Unlike a clock tree, a single clock mesh that spans multiple voltage domains is infeasible due to the incompatibility of voltage levels of the clock drivers on the electrically-shorted mesh - each voltage domain requires a separate mesh. These disjoint meshes need to be matched in clock skew between the domains. In addition, the additional power dissipation of the level shifters in the logic needs to be compared against the power savings of multi-voltage domain implementation. The case study performed with the largest ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits operating at 500 MHz, 90 nm technology concludes two important results that highlight the benefits of multi-voltage clock mesh design: 1) The multi-voltage domain clock mesh can achieve 37.14% lower power with a 9 ps increase in clock skew over the single-voltage domain clock mesh, and 2) The multi-voltage domain clock mesh achieves 66 ps less skew with a 20.92% increase in power dissipation over a multi-voltage domain clock tree.
Performance evaluation of a high‐freqency borehole seismic source (1991)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991Performance evaluation of a high‐freqency borehole seismic sourceAuthors: R. F. BallardR. D. RechtienK. L. HambackerR. F. BallardU.S. Army Corps of Engineers, R. D. RechtienUniv. of Missouri, Rolla, and K. L. HambackerUniv. of Missouri, Rollahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888815 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888815FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1991ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1991 Pages: 1646 publication data© 1991 Copyright © 1991 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION R. F. Ballard, Jr., R. D. Rechtien, and K. L. Hambacker, (1991), "Performance evaluation of a high‐freqency borehole seismic source," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1888815 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Vaccine Adjuvants: Mechanisms of Action (2022)

Adjuvants are essential ingredients of subunit and inactivated vaccines. The adjuvants in the majority of licensed vaccines were developed empirically and their mechanisms of action are complex and remain incompletely understood. This chapter reviews how adjuvants enhance different components of both the innate and adaptive immune response, including the engagement of pattern recognition receptors, recruitment of inflammatory cells to the site of injection, kinetics of antigen transport to the lymph node and antigen presentation, lymphocyte migration, and the formation of germinal centers in draining lymph nodes. Knowledge of the ways in which current adjuvants work will help in the design and selection of appropriate adjuvants for new and improved vaccine formulations.
Artifacts in field free line magnetic particle imaging (2015)

Field Free Line (FFL) Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) allows for system function [1] or Radon based [2] image reconstruction and for projection imaging [3]. In light of efforts to scale up imaging systems (e.g. from mouse/rat size [3-6] to rabbit size [7]) and/or to increase the size of the field of view (FOV) compared to the bore of the scanner [8], the question gains in importance how the imaging process is affected by magnetic field inhomogeneities and gradient field nonlinearities, which may deform the FFL compared to an FFL produced by idealized homogeneous/linear magnetic fields. Moreover, truncation effects are an important aspect that has so far not been studied in FFL MPI. This contribution presents initial results of a comprehensive simulation study comparing Radon based and system function based image reconstruction in FFL MPI, both under idealized field conditions and in the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities and gradient field nonlinearities.
Determination of absolute expression profiles using multiplexed miRNA analysis (2017)

Accurate measurement of miRNA expression is critical to understanding their role in gene expression as well as their application as disease biomarkers. Correct identification of changes in miRNA expression rests on reliable normalization to account for biological and technological variance between samples. Ligo-miR is a multiplex assay designed to rapidly measure absolute miRNA copy numbers, thus reducing dependence on biological controls. It uses a simple 2-step ligation process to generate length coded products that can be quantified using a variety of DNA sizing methods. We demonstrate Ligo-miR's ability to quantify miRNA expression down to 20 copies per cell sensitivity, accurately discriminate between closely related miRNA, and reliably measure differential changes as small as 1.2-fold. Then, benchmarking studies were performed to show the high correlation between Ligo-miR, microarray, and TaqMan qRT-PCR. Finally, Ligo-miR was used to determine copy number profiles in a number of breast, esophageal, and pancreatic cell lines and to demonstrate the utility of copy number analysis for providing layered insight into expression profile changes.
Fluorescent Guide RNAs Facilitate Development of Layered Pol II-Driven CRISPR Circuits (2018)

Efficient clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) guide RNA (gRNA) expression from RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) promoters will aid in construction of complex CRISPR-based synthetic gene networks. Yet, we require tools to properly visualize gRNA directly to quantitatively study the corresponding network behavior. To address this need, we employed a fluorescent gRNA (fgRNA) to visualize synthetic CRISPR network dynamics without affecting gRNA functionality. We show that studying gRNA dynamics directly enables circuit modification and improvement of network function in Pol II-driven CRISPR circuits. This approach generates information necessary for optimizing the overall function of these networks and provides insight into the hurdles remaining in Pol II-regulated gRNA expression.
Abstract A2: Autoantibody signature in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (2012)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid progression, invasiveness and resistance to treatments. Biomarkers for its early detection are lacking. In this study we used a proteomic-based approach to identify overexpressed and/or aberrantly modified antigens that could have diagnostic value by inducing an autoantibody response in PDAC. By using SERological Proteome Analysis (SERPA), we have identified nineteen tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) that were specifically recognized by IgG from PDAC patients. These autoantibodies were directed, with high frequency, against a number of metabolic enzymes and cytoskeletal proteins, mostly upregulated in PDAC. The protein most frequently recognized was α-enolase (ENOA), a glycolytic enzyme that can localize on the cell surface as a plasminogen receptor. ENOA was expressed on the surface of PDAC cells and elicited T cell proliferation and activation both in vitro and in vivo. Liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) studies have revealed that in PDAC ENOA is subjected to specific post-translational modifications (PTMs). Further characterization studies of the antibody response to ENOA revealed that PDAC patients specifically produce antibodies to ENOA isoforms that are phosphorylated at Serine-419. By exploiting a genetically engineered mouse model (GEM) spontaneously developing PDAC with a well-defined kinetic, we applied the SERPA approach with mouse sera to validate circulating antibodies to TAAs as early diagnostic tools in PDAC. Eight antigens able to induce the production of autoantibodies in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) were identified and five of them induced specific IgG also in PDAC patients. A plasma-membrane cytoskeleton linker molecule showed the highest frequency of autoantibodies in GEMs with early disease and in resectable PDAC patients. ROC analysis demonstrated that the combination of autoantibodies to Ser-419-phosphorylated ENOA in association with antibodies to this cytoskeletal protein and CA19.9 serum levels achieved approximately 97% diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the simultaneous capture of autoantibodies against a panel of pancreatic cancer-associated antigens might have diagnostic value in this tumor. Citation Format: Michela Capello, Michele Milella, Francesco Novelli, Paola Cappello, Sammy Ferri-Borgogno, Weidong Zhou, Giorgia Mandili, Claudia Fredolini, Isabella Sperduti, Federica Linty, Emanuel Petricoin. Autoantibody signature in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A2.