gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free radical addition of dialkyl phosphites to N,N‐disubstituted amides of unsaturated fatty acids and screening of the products for antimicrobial activity (1972)

Abstract Free radical addition of dibutyl phosphites to terminal and internal double bonds of monounsaturated amides was attained in high yield. The reaction was initiated by irradiation using Cobalt‐60. Attempts to add diphenyl phosphite to the unsaturated amides failed with the amides being recovered unchanged. Similar attempts to add dialkyl phosphites to N‐linoleoylmorpholine resulted in products that were deficient in phosphorus. Screening for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Trichosporon capitatum, Trichoderma viride and Candida lipolytica indicated that terminal addition products may be more active than the internal addition products, with the former strongly inhibiting the growth of all four test organisms.
Single-Mode Interband Cascade Lasers with Reduced Contact Duty Cycles (2016)

The cw threshold current at room temperature is lowest and the slope efficiency highest for DFB interband cascade lasers with reduced duty cycle of the top electrical contact. All DFBs operated in a single spectral mode.
LACK OF CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION OF PORCINE ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS INFECTION TO NONHUMAN PRIMATE RECIPIENTS OF PORCINE CELLS, TISSUES, OR ORGANS1 (2001)

These data suggest the absence of PERV infection in all 23 NHPs despite exposure to vascularized porcine organs or tissue xenografts and the use of immunosuppressive therapies in some animals. These findings suggest that PERV is not easily transmitted to these NHP species through these types of xenografts.
Estimation of Remaining Useful Life of an Intake Air Filter in an Automotive Engine (2017)

The intake air filter monitor is a diagnostics/prognostics feature that aims to determine the condition of the intake air filter in the internal combustion engine. This feature is required to indicate the need for maintenance whenever the filter is clogged to the point where the engine performance may be impacted. The prognostics of the air filter helps in saving on operational costs, maintaining the optimal fuel economy, and planning for service/maintenance before failure. In this paper, one diagnostics/prognostics method is reviewed and a generic statistics based process is proposed to convert the percent life remaining of the air filter into time and distance indicators. The estimated indicators are determined based on the vehicle driving statistics together with the degradation rate of the filter. These indicators provide more meaningful real time information to the driver or fleet owner than a percentage of the remaining life. The proposed method was validated based on driving data of a production vehicle obtained from Ford big data drive (BDD), combined with simulated degradation profile of the air filter.
Refinement of depth maps by fusion of multiple estimates (2013)

Computing depth maps from a stereo pair is a well-studied problem of computer vision, and a large number of methods and cost functions have been proposed. The methods have different strengths and weaknesses and different error characteristics. That is, a pixel could be assigned an erroneous depth value by some methods, but other methods could assign the correct depth value to the same pixel. We describe a method that can make use of multiple depth estimates of low quality and fuse them, by trying to retain the correct depth values and rejecting the incorrect depth values, in order to obtain a more accurate result. We observe that depth values of pixels located in smooth areas of a depth estimate and depth values which survive left-right cross validation tend to be more accurate. Our method makes use of a reliability criterion-based upon the smoothness and cross-validation of the depth estimates that allows us to patch the estimates together and obtain a higher quality result.
Comparative Analyses of <i>N</i>‐Acylated Homoserine Lactones Reveal Unique Structural Features that Dictate Their Ability to Activate or Inhibit Quorum Sensing (2008)

Bacterial quorum sensing is mediated by low molecular-weight signals and plays a critical role in both the pathogenesis of infectious disease and beneficial symbioses. There is significant interest in the development of synthetic ligands that can intercept bacterial quorum sensing signals and modulate these outcomes. Here, we report the design and comparative analysis of the effects of approximately 90 synthetic N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) on quorum sensing in three Gram negative bacterial species and a critical examination of the structural features of these ligands that dictate agonistic and antagonistic activity, and selectivity for different R protein targets. These studies have revealed the most comprehensive set of structure-activity relationships to date that direct AHL-mediated quorum sensing and a new set of chemical probes with which to study this complex signaling process. Furthermore, this work provides a foundation on which to design next-generation quorum sensing modulators with improved activities and selectivities.
<title>Scalable micro mechanical optical crossconnects</title> (2001)

Optical crossconnect switches with large port counts are the key components for the management of upcoming optical networks. Most technologies proposed for optical switches are essentially planar in geometry, which leads to switch dimensions scaling with the square of the port number. Planar technologies will not scale beyond 64 X 64 ports. To achieve larger (256 X 256, 1296 X 1296) switches, a three dimensional switch geometry is required. Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are the key technology to implement array of small two tilt axis beam steering mirrors. The presented systems consist of 2D arrays of MEMS mirrors and 2D fiber arrays each with a collimating microlens array. A cross connect path consist of light leaving one fiber and being collimated and projected onto a MEMS micro-mirror by a microlens. The first micro-mirror tilts so as to direct the beam onto a second micro-mirror, and the second micro-mirror tilts so as to direct the light towards a microlens where it is coupled into the output fiber. In this configuration the length of the switch scales linearly with number of ports, and the maximum port number is determined by used the micro mirror technology. Two switches are presented: the first with 256 port and a mean insertion loss of 7 dB and the second with 1296 ports and an insertion loss of 5.1 dB. Both switch show a crosstalk smaller than -50 dB. The optical performance has been verified with input optical signals ranging from 40 DWDM 40 Gb/s and 320 Gb/s TDM data. On the switch with 1296 ports a potential aggregate switch capacity of 2.08 Petabit/s has been demonstrated.
The coverage-capacity tradeoff in cellular CDMA systems (1999)

In cellular CDMA systems that employ single-user detectors, in-cell interference limits the coverage of the cell. Thus for a given upper limit on transmit power, the coverage of a cell is inversely proportional to the number of users in it. This tradeoff between coverage and number of users is explicitly characterized here. Our analysis may be used in cellular planning to set hard limits on the number of users admitted into the cell in order to meet coverage requirements. Furthermore, our approach allows us to arrive at a precise definition for the pole capacity of a cell, which serves as an upper bound on the number of users a cell can support as the coverage shrinks to zero. We also present a technique to calculate cell coverage as a function of carried traffic, for any given admission policy.
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Bind to Human B- or H-Antigens Expressed on Intestinal Mucosa (2006)

Twenty lactobacilli isolated from human feces were studied for binding to the human blood type B-antigen [Galalpha1-3 (Fucalpha1-2) Gal-] and H-antigen (Fucalpha1-2Gal-] expressed sugar chains in human intestinal mucosa. We found two strains, L. gasseri OLL2755 and L. gasseri OLL2877 that firmly adhere to human B-antigen, and we found L. gasseri OLL2827 bound to the H-antigen.
Antagonists of chemokine receptor CCR9 synergize with anti-TNFα immunotherapy to reduce inflammation in the MDR1a−/− mouse model of colitis (2020)

Abstract The development of anti-TNFα immunotherapies has led to great advances in quality of life for Crohn’s and colitis patients, and has allowed a reduction in steroid use for these diseases. However, a significant proportion of IBD patients is resistant to anti-TNFα agents, or becomes resistant over time. Preclinical research and clinical trials suggest that CCR9 antagonism can effectively reduce colon inflammation. CCR9 is expressed on a subset of T cells dedicated to intestinal trafficking. Antagonism of this receptor inhibits the accumulation of T cells within inflamed intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. Since anti-TNFα and CCR9 antagonists act through entirely different mechanisms, we asked whether these two approaches might synergize and expand the effectiveness and scope of each therapy. We used a piroxicam-accelerated version of the MDR1a−/− spontaneous colitis model in mice. We have found that combined dosing of piroxicam-fed MDR1a−/− mice with a CCR9 antagonist and an anti-TNFα MAb significantly reverses loss of body weight, diarrhea score and colon inflammation. The combined dosing was more effective than anti-TNFα or CCR9 antagonist alone, as measured by colon length/weight ratio, neutrophil accumulation in the colonic epithelium and reversal of the loss in body weight characteristic of this model. These data suggest that combining a CCR9 antagonist with existing anti-TNFα treatment regimens may extend the benefits of anti-TNFα immunotherapy to a larger class of patients suffering from IBD, and may prolong the effectiveness of anti-TNFα immunotherapy for those patients already undergoing such treatments.
Person re-identification using semantic color names and RankBoost (2013)

We address the problem of appearance-based person re-identification, which has been drawing an increasing amount of attention in computer vision. It is a very challenging task since the visual appearance of a person can change dramatically due to different backgrounds, camera characteristics, lighting conditions, view-points, and human poses. Among the recent studies on person re-id, color information plays a major role in terms of performance. Traditional color information like color histogram, however, still has much room to improve. We propose to apply semantic color names to describe a person image, and compute probability distribution on those basic color terms as image descriptors. To be better combined with other features, we define our appearance affinity model as linear combination of similarity measurements of corresponding local descriptors, and apply the RankBoost algorithm to find the optimal weights for the similarity measurements. We evaluate our proposed system on the highly challenging VIPeR dataset, and show improvements over the state-of-the-art methods in terms of widely used person re-id evaluation metrics.
Through Silicon Vias and thermocompression bonding using inkjet-printed gold nanoparticles for heterogeneous MEMS integration (2013)

We present a novel technique for heterogeneous integration using gold filled Through Silicon Vias (TSV) and thermocompression bond bumps formed in a single fabrication step, using gold nanoparticles dispensed by inkjet printing. Gold-filled TSV arrays (12 × 12, via radius 50μm, pitch 250μm) have been demonstrated using this method. Void free, filled TSVs are reported, and thermocompression bonding yielded seamless interfaces. Die shear tests show good bond strength, and sub-Ω via resistances were measured. The presented integration process exhibits a low temperature budget (≤250°C), allows good alignment, and is compatible with substrates of different sizes and materials, enabling the heterogeneous integration of known-good-dies (KGD) which may have been fabricated in different technologies.
Achromatic metasurface optical components by dispersive phase compensation (2014)

The replacement of bulk refractive optical elements with diffractive planar components enables the miniaturization of optical systems. However, diffractive optics suffers from large chromatic aberrations due to the dispersion of the phase accumulated by light during propagation. We show that this limitation can be overcome with an engineered wavelength-dependent phase shift imparted by a metasurface and demonstrate a design that deflects three wavelengths without dispersion. A planar lens without chromatic aberrations at three wavelengths is also presented. Our design is based on low-loss dielectric resonators which introduce a dense spectrum of optical modes to enable dispersive phase compensation. The suppression of chromatic aberrations in metasurface-based planar photonics will find applications in lightweight collimators for displays, and chromatically-corrected imaging systems.
PdGe on GaAs: A study of the applicability in InGaP/GaAs HBT fabrication (1997)

Recently InGaP/GaAs HBTs have demonstrated performance comparable to AlGaAs/GaAs and have proven to be well suited for high-speed and low-noise applications. Despite the excellent performance of InGaP/GaAs HBTs, continued efforts towards reducing the delay associated with the emitter resistance and capacitance are required. To help minimize the emitter resistance, PdGe contacts on n-type GaAs were studied. This experiment studies the behavior of the PdGe alloyed on a hot plate for times less than 30 minutes and compares results to RTA alloys. Also studied is the behavior of the PdGe contacts alloyed in various ambients. Finally, the issues associated with performing a self-aligned emitter etch with PdGe contacts are also discussed.
Skin-friction distribution near a cylinder mounted on a flat plate (1997)

The measurement of skin friction in the threedimensional flow ahead of a circular cylinder mounted on a flat plate using the Surface-Imaging Skin-Friction (SISF) measurement technique is presented. Interference fringe images created by a thin-oil-film on the surface are captured during a test. The height of the oil, which is proportional to the skin-friction, is determined using an approach based on the Hilbert transform. The time record of height is used with the thinoil-film equation to determine the surface shear stress. The result of this analysis is the surface shear stress over a region of the surface, and it represents the first use of thin-oil-film interferometry for an area measurement of skin friction in a three-dimensional flow. Comparisons with a computation show qualitative agreement with significant quantitative differences. The reasons for the differences are discussed. This study demonstrates the abilities of a first-generation SISF system and provides strong evidence supporting its further development.
Fast low-dose compressed-sensing (CS) image reconstruction in four-dimensional digital tomosynthesis using on-board imager (OBI) (2018)

Patient respiration induces motion artifacts during cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging in LINAC-based radiotherapy guidance. This could be relieved by retrospectively sorting the projection images, which could be called as a respiratorycorrelated CBCT or a four-dimensional (4D) CBCT imaging. However, the slowness of the LINAC head gantry rotation limits a rapid scan time so that 4D-CBCT usually involves large amounts of radiation dose. Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) which utilizes limited angular range would present a faster 4D imaging with much lower radiation dose. One drawback of 4D-DTS is strong streak artifacts represented in the tomosynthesis reconstructed images due to sparsely sampled projections in each phase bin. The authors suggest a fast low-dose 4D-DTS image reconstruction method in order to effectively reduce the artifacts in a sparse imaging tomosynthesis condition. We used a flat-panel detector to acquire tomosynthesis projections of respiratory moving phantom in anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral views. We entered a sinusoidal periodic respiratory motion for an input signal to the phantom. An external monitor of Varian real-time position management (RPM) system was used to estimate the input respiratory motion, thereby four respiratory gating phases were determined to retrospectively arrange the projections. For streak line reduction, we introduced a simple iterative scheme suggested by McKinnon and Bates (MKB) and regarded it as a prior input image of the proposed lowdose compressed sensing (CS) method. Three different 4D-DTS image reconstruction schemes of conventional Feldkamp (FDK), MKB, and MKB-CS were implemented to phase-wise projections of both AP and lateral views. All reconstructions were accelerated by using a GPU card to reduce the computation times. For assessment of algorithmic performance, we compared a streak reduction ratio (SRR) and a contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) among the outcome images. The results showed that SRRs for MKB and MKB-CS schemes were 0.24 and 0.69, respectively, which indicates that the proposed MKB-CS method provided smaller streaking artifacts than conventional one by factor of 2.88. The resulted CNRs of coronal tomosynthesis images at peak-inhale phase were 3.24, 6.36, and 10.56 for FDK, MKB, and MKB-CS, respectively. This shows that the proposed method provides better image quality compared to others. The reconstruction time for MKB-CS was 196.07 sec, showing that our GPU-accelerated programming would enhance the algorithmic performance to match clinically feasible times (~3 min). In conclusion, the proposed low-dose 4D-DTS reconstruction scheme may provide better outcomes than the conventional methods with fast speed, and could thus it could be applied in practical 4D imaging for radiotherapy.
Pharmaceutical Properties, Biodistribution, and Imaging Characteristics of Manganese-Mesoporphyrin A Potential Hepatobiliary Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1993)

Mn-mesoporphyrin is a lipophilic compound that shows potential as a hepatobiliary magnetic resonance contrast agent.
Quantitative Analysis of Creep Strengthening Factors in Ni‐Base Single Crystal Superalloys (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedures Results and Discussions Conclusions Acknowledgment
Power-optimal, stabilized entangling gate between trapped-ion qubits (2021)

Abstract To achieve scalable quantum computing, improving entangling-gate fidelity and its implementation efficiency are of utmost importance. We present here a linear method to construct provably power-optimal entangling gates on an arbitrary pair of qubits on a trapped-ion quantum computer. This method leverages simultaneous modulation of amplitude, frequency, and phase of the beams that illuminate the ions and, unlike the state of the art, does not require any search in the parameter space. The linear method is extensible, enabling stabilization against external parameter fluctuations to an arbitrary order at a cost linear in the order. We implement and demonstrate the power-optimal, stabilized gate on a trapped-ion quantum computer.
Real-Time Super Resolution Contextual Close-up of Clinical Volumetric Data (2006)

We present an illustrative visualization system for real-time and high quality rendering of clinical volumetric medical data. Our technique is inspired by a medical illustration technique for depicting contextual close-up views of selected regions of interest where internal anatomical features are rendered in high detail. Our method integrates four important components: decimation of original volume for interactivity, B-spline subdivision for super-resolution rendering, fast gradient quantization technique for feature extraction and GPU fragment shaders for gradient dependent rendering and transfer functions. Examples with clinical CT and MRI data demonstrate the capabilities of our system.
<title>Phase-based Bragg intra-grating sensing of strain gradients</title> (1995)

Light reflected from chirped fiber Bragg gratings possess both phase and amplitude information which is unique. In this paper we report for the first time the use of the relative phase to determine the strain-induced linear chirp. By measuring this intramodal (chromatic) dispersion induced on the incident wave, the wavelength dependent penetration depth and therefore the strain gradient can be found by using a closed-form approximation. Moreover, the error can be reduced by selecting the appropriate grating properties like the writing induced chirp and the index variation parameters.
On Channel Capacity Estimation and Prediction for Rate-Adaptive Wireless Video (2008)

Packet drops caused by <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">residue</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">errors</i> (MAC-layer errors) can severely deteriorate the wireless video quality. Prior studies have shown that this loss of quality can be circumvented by using forward error correction (FEC) to recover information from the corrupted packets. The performance of FEC encoded video streaming is critically dependent upon the choice of source and channel coding rates. In practice, the wireless channel conditions can vary significantly, thus altering the optimal rate choices. Thus, it is essential to develop an architecture which can estimate the channel capacity and utilize this estimate for rate allocation. In this paper we develop such a framework. Our contributions consist of two parts. In the first part we develop a prediction framework that leverages the received packets' signal to silence ratio (SSR) indications and MAC-layer checksum as side information to predict the operational channel capacity. In the second part, we use this prediction framework for rate allocation. The optimal rate allocation is dependent upon the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">channel</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">capacity</i> , the distribution of the (capacity) <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">prediction</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">error</i> and the rate-distortion (RD) characteristics of the video source. Consequently, we propose a framework that utilizes the aforementioned statistics for RD optimal rate adaptation. We exhibit the efficacy of the proposed scheme by simulations using actual 802.11b wireless traces, an RD model for the video source and an ideal FEC model. Simulations using source RD models derived from five different popular video codecs (including H.264), show that the proposed framework provides up-to 5-dB improvements in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) when compared with conventional rate-adaptive schemes.
A Low Cost Single-Stage Electronic Ballast with Unity Power Factor Using a Novel Single Switch Current Fed Resonant Inverter Topology (2007)

A novel single stage electronic ballast topology using a single switch with unity power factor is presented in this paper. The proposed circuit consists of an integrated buck-boost stage that is operating in the discontinuous conduction mode to provide high power factor and a single switch current fed resonant inverter to stabilize the lamp current. The proposed circuit configuration also prevents the high resonant current from flowing through the switch so that the switch conduction loss is minimized. The proposed topology presents a low cost and compact electronic ballast design method. Closed loop circuit is also implemented to provide lamp current regulations against any surges in the main AC line. SIMETRIX 5.0 simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed circuit on a 26 W lamp. Final results confirmed that a very high power factor of 0.992 and an efficiency of 92.8% are achieved for the proposed work.