gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single nanoparticle detection using photonic crystal enhanced microscopy (2014)

We demonstrate a label-free biosensor imaging approach that utilizes a photonic crystal (PC) surface to detect surface attachment of individual dielectric and metal nanoparticles through measurement of localized shifts in the resonant wavelength and resonant reflection magnitude from the PC. Using a microscopy-based approach to scan the PC resonant reflection properties with 0.6 μm spatial resolution, we show that metal nanoparticles attached to the biosensor surface with strong absorption at the resonant wavelength induce a highly localized reduction in reflection efficiency and are able to be detected by modulation of the resonant wavelength. Experimental demonstrations of single-nanoparticle imaging are supported by finite-difference time-domain computer simulations. The ability to image surface-adsorption of individual nanoparticles offers a route to single molecule biosensing, in which the particles can be functionalized with specific recognition molecules and utilized as tags.
Ionization, Secondary Emission, and Comptom Currents at Gamma Irradiated Interfaces (1971)

Energy and charge transport by secondary electrons across interfaces between gamma irradiated materials can be important for accurate predictions of radiation effects. In order to measure these charge transport effects air ionization and secondary electron emission currents were observed in a multiple cavity aluminum chamber adjacent to tungsten and beryllium under Co60 γ radiation. It is found that low-energy secondary emission measurements are within 3% of air ionization measurements made in the same chamber and that both measurements agree with previously reported ionization measurements of energy deposition profiles. Also, profiles obtained in relatively thin aluminum chambers (~ 20% of the maximum energy electron range), sandwiched between different combinations of beryllium and tungsten, can be accurately predicted from a linear superposition of single interface data. Finally, electric charge separation is observed at gamma irradiated boundaries even in the absence of applied electric fields. The sign and magnitude of the charge is found to depend upon the direction of the incident beam as well as the material combination. The change in electron current as a function of the distance from the interface can be obtained from the data presented.
Barrier Function of Airway Epithelium: Effects of Radiation and Protection by Keratinocyte Growth Factor (1998)

In patients undergoing radiation therapy in the thoracic region, ionizing radiation causes immediate damage to pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells. We have recently shown that keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) protects against increases in permeability induced by hydrogen peroxide in human airway epithelial cells. Since radiation injury involves the production of oxygen free radicals, we tested the hypothesis that KGF would protect against radiation-induced increases in permeability. Two lines of human airway epithelial cells (Calu-3 and 16HBE14o-) were grown on collagen-coated polyester membranes (Transwell, Costar) and the permeability of the monolayers was determined by measuring the flux of tracers from the top chamber to the bottom chamber as a function of time. Changes in permeability were apparent 4 h after exposure. Increasing doses of radiation (2-10 Gy) stimulated significant increases in permeability compared with control monolayers (P < 0. 05, n=5-10) in Calu-3 and 16HBE14o- cells. KGF (50 ng/ml) alone reduced permeability significantly compared with controls, protected against increases in permeability with low doses of radiation and provided partial protection at higher doses. KGF also provided a significant effect in cells irradiated with 10 Gy (n=5, P < 0. 05) when given for the 4 h immediately after irradiation. The effects of KGF were sustained. After a full 24-h pretreatment with KGF, cells were incubated in medium without KGF for 8 or 12 h prior to 10 Gy irradiation. Both of these treatments significantly reduced permeability to albumin in sham-irradiated and irradiated cells (n=3, P < 0.05). To investigate the signal transduction pathways through which KGF mediates protection, permeability was measured in the presence of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, calphostin C, or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Inhibition of PKC blocked the decrease in basal tracer flux caused by KGF treatment in both cell types and removed the KGF-mediated protection against radiation. Incubation with genistein completely blocked the KGF-mediated decrease in the baseline tracer flux, as well as the ameliorating effect observed after irradiation. Rhodamine-phalloidin staining of the F-actin cytoskeleton showed disruption of the cytoskeleton with radiation exposure, increased density of F-actin filaments with KGF treatment, and resistance to disruption when cells were pretreated with KGF and exposed to radiation. Our results suggest that KGF regulates permeability in airway epithelium through a pathway mediated by PKC and tyrosine kinase that stabilizes the F-actin cytoskeleton.
Constitutional self-organization of adenine-uracil-derived hybrid materials (2007)

International audience
Effects of Magnesium Supplementation in Hypertensive Patients (1998)

An increase in magnesium intake has been suggested to lower blood pressure (BP). However, the results of clinical studies are inconsistent. We studied the effects of magnesium supplementation on office, home, and ambulatory BPs in patients with essential hypertension. Sixty untreated or treated patients (34 men and 26 women, aged 33 to 74 years) with office BP >140/90 mm Hg were assigned to an 8-week magnesium supplementation period or an 8-week control period in a randomized crossover design. The subjects were given 20 mmol/d magnesium in the form of magnesium oxide during the intervention period. In the control period, office, home, and average 24-hour BPs (mean+/-SE) were 148.6+/-1.6/90.0+/-0.9, 136.4+/-1.3/86.8+/-0.9, and 133.7+/-1.3/81.0+/-0.8 mmHg, respectively. All of these BPs were significantly lower in the magnesium supplementation period than in the control period, although the differences were small (office, 3.7+/-1.3/1.7+/-0.7 mmHg; home, 2.0+/-0.8/1.4+/-0.6 mmHg; 24-hour, 2.5+/-1.0/1.4+/-0.6 mm Hg). Serum concentration and urinary excretion of magnesium increased significantly with magnesium supplementation. Changes in 24-hour systolic and diastolic BPs were correlated negatively with baseline BP or changes in serum magnesium concentration. These results indicate that magnesium supplementation lowers BP in hypertensive subjects and this effect is greater in subjects with higher BP. Our study supports the usefulness of increasing magnesium intake as a lifestyle modification in the management of hypertension, although its antihypertensive effect may be small.
Experimental procedures for accelerated aging tests using MCFC button cells (2013)

The aim of this work is to study whether the effects of electrolyte evaporation in long term operation of MCFCs can be accelerated at button cell level due to the increased rate of evaporation in the open-chamber configuration. This study is being carried out with several trials: the first trial aims to generate a benchmark of performance at button cell level, i.e. with accelerated electrolyte evaporation, at reference operating conditions, carrying out regular polarization curves and EIS until the performance degrades below a predefined level. The second trial aims to compensate the evaporation of electrolyte from the button cell by periodically adding carbonate and maintain a constant performance for the length of time that the first button cell (without carbonate addition) achieved. Once the isolated effect of electrolyte evaporation has been thus quantified, successive trials can be set up to superimpose other degradation and evaluate their interaction with the mechanism of electrolyte evaporation.
Systemic insulin‐like growth factor‐I administration prevents cognitive impairment in diabetic rats, and brain IGF regulates learning/memory in normal adult rats (2003)

Diabetic patients have impaired learning/memory, brain atrophy, and two-fold increased risk of dementia. The cause of cognitive disturbances that progress to dementia is unknown. Because neurotrophic insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels are reduced in diabetic patients and rodents, and IGF can cross the blood-central nervous system barrier (B-CNS-B), the hypothesis was tested that IGF administered systemically can prevent cognitive disturbances, independently of hyperglycemia and a generalized catabolic state. Latency to escape to a hidden platform in the Morris Water Maze is used widely to test spatial memory, a hippocampus-dependent task. Adult rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and implanted 4 weeks later with subcutaneous pumps that released either vehicle (D + Veh) or 20 microg/day IGF-I (D + IGF). Latency to escape to the hidden platform was prolonged in (D + Veh) versus non-diabetic rats (P < 0.003) 10.5 weeks after the onset of diabetes. Such prolongation was prevented in (D + IGF) versus (D + Veh) rats (P < 0.03). The data show that IGF-I can act across the B-CNS-B to prevent loss of cognition-related performance in the water maze independently of ongoing hyperglycemia and reduction in brain (P < 0.001) and whole body weight (P < 0.001) in diabetic rats. The hypothesis that brain IGF contributes to learning/memory was tested. An anti-IGF antibody, or preimmune serum, was infused into the lateral ventricles in non-diabetic rats. Learning in a passive avoidance task was impaired significantly in the IGF antibody versus preimmune serum-treated groups on test Days 1, 2, and 3 (P = 0.04, 0.02 and 0.004, respectively). The data together are consistent with a model in which brain IGF is essential for learning/memory, and a loss of IGF activity due to diabetes may contribute to cognitive disturbances.
CLAVATA Signaling Pathway Receptors of <i>Arabidopsis</i> Regulate Cell Proliferation in Fruit Organ Formation as well as in Meristems (2011)

The CLAVATA1 (CLV1), CLV2, and CORYNE (CRN) receptors in Arabidopsis thaliana maintain cell proliferation in shoot apical meristems by restricting expression of the transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS). Previously characterized receptor mutants generate extra fruit and floral organs that are proposed to arise from enlarged floral meristems (FMs). We identified new alleles in clv1, clv2, and crn and found that most mutants produce only extra fruit organs and generate FMs of similar dimensions as wild type. Characterization of gynoecium development in receptor mutants revealed increased cell proliferation and ectopic fruit organ initiation after FM termination. These regions of increased cell division also display expanded expression of the cell proliferation-promoting transcription factor SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM), similar to the expansion of WUS expression in the shoot apical meristems of strong clv1 mutants. We also examined genetic interactions between the ERECTA (ER) and BARELY ANY MERISTEM 1 (BAM1) receptor-like kinases and CLV pathway receptors. Our results suggest a model in which CLV1/BAM1 and CLV2/CRN complexes act in separate, parallel pathways in shoot meristems, while the CLV1, CLV2, and CRN receptors function together in a linear pathway during fruit development. These results demonstrate the importance of regulating cell proliferation in plants that undergo organogenesis throughout their life cycle.
Is the Quantum Hall Effect Influenced by the Gravitational Field? (2004)

Most of the experiments on the quantum Hall effect (QHE) were made at approximately the same height above sea level. A future international comparison will determine whether the gravitational field g(x) influences the QHE. In the realm of (1+2)-dimensional phenomenological macroscopic electrodynamics, the Ohm-Hall law is metric independent ("topological"). This suggests that it does not couple to g(x). We corroborate this result by a microscopic calculation of the Hall conductance in the presence of a post-Newtonian gravitational field.
Linear Plasma Sources for Large Area Film Deposition: A Brief Review (2014)

By utilization of different excitation power sources, linear plasma sources can be differentiated into DC, RF, VHF, microwave and dual frequency types. Through installing several linear plasma sources in parallel or adopting the so-called roll-to-roll (air-to-air) process, scale uniform linear plasma sources were realized and successfully applied to the deposition of large area uniform dielectric thin films. Furthermore, the magnetic field system can effectively reduce the recombination losses on the wall of the vacuum chamber and enhance the plasma density. Linear plasma sources with approximately one square meter deposition area with the plasma density of 1011 cm−3 have been developed, some of which have been used for the deposition of dielectric layers and large area plasma etching.
The Non-neuronal Cholinergic System of Human Skin (2007)

In human skin both resident and transiently residing cells are part of the extra- or non-neuronal cholinergic system, creating a highly complex and interconnected cosmos in which acetylcholine (ACh) and choline are the natural ligands of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors with regulatory function in both physiology and pathophysiology. ACh is produced in keratinocytes, endothelial cells and most notably in immune competent cells invading the skin at sites of inflammation. The cholinergic system is involved in basic functions of the skin through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms, like keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and migration, epidermal barrier formation, pigment-, sweat- and sebum production, blood circulation, angiogenesis, and a variety of immune reactions. The pathophysiological consequences of this complex cholinergic "concert" are only beginning to be understood. The present review aims at providing insight into basic mechanisms of this highly complex system.
Phosphorylation of ATXN1 at Ser776 in the cerebellum (2009)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is one of nine inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by a mutant protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. Phosphorylation of ataxin-1 (ATXN1) at serine 776 is implicated in SCA1 pathogenesis. Previous studies, utilizing transfected cell lines and a Drosophila photoreceptor model of SCA1, suggest that phosphorylating ATXN1 at S776 renders it less susceptible to degradation. This work also indicated that oncogene from AKR mouse thymoma (Akt) promotes the phosphorylation of ATXN1 at S776 and severity of neurodegeneration. Here, we examined the phosphorylation of ATXN1 at S776 in cerebellar Purkinje cells, a prominent site of pathology in SCA1. We found that while phosphorylation of S776 is associated with a stabilization of ATXN1 in Purkinje cells, inhibition of Akt either in vivo or in a cerebellar extract-based phosphorylation assay did not decrease the phosphorylation of ATXN1-S776. In contrast, immunodepletion and inhibition of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase decreased phosphorylation of ATXN1-S776. These results argue against Akt as the in vivo kinase that phosphorylates S776 of ATXN1 and suggest that cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is the active ATXN1-S776 kinase in the cerebellum.
Random and position-controlled 4-domain CTN-LCDs with wide viewing angle (1998)

We have developed two types of 4-domain complementary TN (CTN) LCDs: a random type and a position-controlled type. The LC layer in each of the 4-domain CTN-LCDs is divided into four kinds of domain, each of which has directions. The 4-domain CTN-LCDs have wide contrast ratio without light masking layers. In the fabrication, each of their substrates was rubbed in only one direction; no additional step was required, in contrast to the conventional TN-LCD process. We have also fabricated 4-domain CTN TFT panels and confirmed that they have wide viewing angle characteristics without grey scale inversion. a different combination of twist and tilt viewing angle characteristics and high
A review of video fingerprints invariant to geometric attacks (2009)

Video fingerprints can help us identify a large amount of video on the Internet and enable interesting services to the end user. One of the main challenges for video fingerprints is for them to be robust against intentional/ unintentional geometric modifications on the content such as scaling, aspect ratio conversion, rotation and cropping. In this paper, we review a number of fingerprinting methods proposed in literature that are particularly designed to be robust against such modifications. We also present two approaches that we adopted. One that is based on estimation of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) bases from a window of past video frames (Approach 1) and another that is based on extraction of moment invariant features from concentric circular regions and doesn't require any specific transform (Approach 2). While both approaches provide the desired robustness against geometric modifications, Approach 1 is computationally more intensive than Approach 2 as the SVD bases are updated for every input frame at 12fps. It also requires a longer query clip than Approach 2 for reliable identification. We present results comparing the performance of both of these approaches for a 150hr video database.
Coordinator’s Corner (1999)

No AccessPerspectives on Fluency and Fluency DisordersCoordinator’s Column1 Sep 1999Coordinator’s Corner Eugene B. Cooper Eugene B. Cooper Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/ffd9.3.1 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 9Issue 3September 1999Pages: 1-4 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Sep 1, 1999 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-article-typesasha-sigsCopyright & Permissions© 1999 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Satellite Systems Engineering in an IPv6 Environment (2009)

Capitalize on Expert Foresight into the Future of Satellite Communication Satellite technology will maintain its key role in the evolving communications needs of government, military, IPTV, and mobile video industries because of its intrinsic multicast/broadcast capabilities, mobility aspects, global reach, reliability, and ability to quickly suppo
<i>Curriculum vitae</i> of intestinal intraepithelial T cells: their developmental and behavioral characteristics (2007)

The alimentary tract has an epithelial layer, consisting mainly of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), that is exposed to the exterior world through the intestinal lumen. The IEC layer contains many intestinal intraepithelial T cells (IELs), and the total number of IELs constitutes the largest population in the peripheral T-cell pool. Virtually all gammadelta-IELs and many alphabeta-IELs in the mouse small intestine are known to express CD8 alpha alpha homodimers. A wide range of evidence that supports extrathymic development of these CD8 alpha alpha(+) IELs has been collected. In addition, while several studies identified cells with precursor T-cell phenotypes within the gut epithelium, how these precursors, which are dispersed along the length of the intestine, develop into gammadelta-IELs and/or alphabeta-IELs has not been clarified. The identification of lymphoid cell aggregations named 'cryptopatches' (CPs) in the intestinal crypt lamina propria of mice as sites rich in T-cell precursors in 1996 by our research group, however, provided evidence for a central site, whereby precursor IELs could give rise to T-cell receptor-bearing IELs. In this review, we discuss the development of IELs in the intestinal mucosa and examine the possibility that CPs serve as a production site of extrathymic IELs.
The use of Decasan in the local treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the tonsils (2021)

Chronic non-specific inflammatory diseases of the tonsils are predominantly asocialized with bacteria of Streptococcus pyogenes species. However, a mixed microflora, including fungal, is often growing, and tonsillitis can be associated with viral pathogens. Modern antiseptic drug Dekasan, due to its bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, sporocidal activity, is a highly effective means for the sanitization of the the palatine tonsils. It can reliably reduce the incidence of tonsillitis, thus reducing the need for systemic antibiotics and will slow the rate of antibiotic resistance.
Binding to SMN2 pre-mRNA-protein complex elicits specificity for small molecule splicing modifiers (2017)

Small molecule splicing modifiers have been previously described that target the general splicing machinery and thus have low specificity for individual genes. Several potent molecules correcting the splicing deficit of the SMN2 (survival of motor neuron 2) gene have been identified and these molecules are moving towards a potential therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Here by using a combination of RNA splicing, transcription, and protein chemistry techniques, we show that these molecules directly bind to two distinct sites of the SMN2 pre-mRNA, thereby stabilizing a yet unidentified ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that is critical to the specificity of these small molecules for SMN2 over other genes. In addition to the therapeutic potential of these molecules for treatment of SMA, our work has wide-ranging implications in understanding how small molecules can interact with specific quaternary RNA structures.
In-line metrology of functional surfaces with a focus on defect assessment on large area Roll to Roll substrates (2013)

This paper reports on the recent work carried out as part of the initial stages of the EU funded NanoMend project. The project seeks to develop integrated process inspection, cleaning, repair for nano-scale thin films on large area substrates. Flexible photovoltaic (PV) films based on CIGS (Copper Indium Gallium Selenide CuInxGa(1-x)Se2) have been reported to have light energy conversion efficiencies as high as 19%. CIGS based multi-layer flexible devices are fabricated on polymer film by the repeated deposition, and patterning, of thin layer materials using roll-to-roll processes (R2R), where the whole film is approximately 3μm thick prior to final encapsulation. The resultant films are lightweight and easily adaptable to building integration. Current wide scale implementation however is hampered by long term degradation of efficiency due to water ingress to the CIGS modules causing electrical shorts and efficiency drops. The present work reports on the use of areal surface metrology to correlate defect morphology with water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) through the protective barrier coatings.
A fast combination calibration of foreground and background for pipelined ADCs (2012)

This paper describes a fast digital calibration scheme for pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The proposed method corrects the nonlinearity caused by finite opamp gain and capacitor mismatch in multiplying digital-to-analog converters (MDACs). The considered calibration technique takes the advantages of both foreground and background calibration schemes. In this combination calibration algorithm, a novel parallel background calibration with signal-shifted correlation is proposed, and its calibration cycle is very short. The details of this technique are described in the example of a 14-bit 100 Msample/s pipelined ADC. The high convergence speed of this background calibration is achieved by three means. First, a modified 1.5-bit stage is proposed in order to allow the injection of a large pseudo-random dithering without missing code. Second, before correlating the signal, it is shifted according to the input signal so that the correlation error converges quickly. Finally, the front pipeline stages are calibrated simultaneously rather than stage by stage to reduce the calibration tracking constants. Simulation results confirm that the combination calibration has a fast startup process and a short background calibration cycle of 2 × 221 conversions.