gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of abnormal phenomena caused by synchronous rectifiers in a paralleled converter system (2000)

Problems of synchronous rectification in a parallel-module DC-DC power converter system are described. These include excessive power dissipation due to the bidirectional current flow capability of MOSFETs and abnormal oscillation due to the cross coupling of the MOSFETs used as synchronous rectifiers. The abnormal oscillation, which causes excessive voltage stress, is analyzed; the results of which are subsequently confirmed by experiment. Methods for solving the abnormal oscillation problem are discussed.
Optimizing the Organic/Inorganic Barrier Structure for Flexible Plastic Substrate Encapsulation (2012)

A multilayered barrier structure stacked with organosilicon and silicon oxide (SiOx) films consecutively\nprepared using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was developed to encapsulate flexible plastic\nsubstrate. The evolution on the residual internal stress, structural quality of the organosilicon/SiOx multilayered\nstructure as well as its adhesion to the substrate were found to correlate closely with the thickness of the inset\norganosilicon layer. Due to the significant discrepancy in the thermal expansion coefficient between the substrate\nand SiOx film, the thickness of the organosilicon layer deposited onto the substrate and SiOx film thus was crucial to\noptimize the barrier property of the organosilicon/SiOx structure. The organosilicon/SiOx barrier structure possessed\na lowest residual compressive stress and quality adhesion to the substrate was achieved from engineering the\norganosilicon layer thickness in the multilayered structure. The relaxation of the residual internal stress in the barrier\nstructure led to a dense SiOx film as a consequence of the enhancement in the Si-O-Si networks and thereby resulted\nin the reduction of the water vapor permeation. Accordingly, a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) below 1 × 10-2\ng/m2\n/day being potential for the application on the flexible optoelectronic device packaging was achievable from the\n3-pairs organosilicon/SiOx multilayered structure deposited onto the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate.
SISTEMAS PROGRAMABLES EN UN CHIP (PSOC) Y SUS POTENCIALIDADES PARA LA INSTRUMENTACIÓN (2007)

Este trabajo consta de dos partes fundamentales, una en que se introducen los dispositivos programables en un chip (PSoC) y otra en que se desarrolla un diseno basado en PSoC de un sistema de adquisicion con procesamiento fuera de linea. En la primera parte, se analiza la filosofia del PSoC, que cosa es configurable, ademas de cuando y como se configura. Los bloques analogicos y digitales son presentados para comprender la constitucion de los modulos de usuarios y sus caracteristicas, asi como el ambiente de desarrollo integrado que permite editar dispositivos, editar aplicaciones, compilar, ensamblar y depurar los programas con ayuda de un kit de desarrollo. En la segunda parte del trabajo se introduce el flujo de diseno que incluye determinar los requerimientos del sistema, seleccionar los modulos de usuario, colocarlos y establecer sus parametros, definir los pines del dispositivo, generar la aplicacion, revisar el codigo generado y demostrar el trabajo de la configuracion. Para ello, se toma un ejemplo comun en el campo de la instrumentacion industrial y biomedica, donde se miden, en un medio ruidoso, variables que varian lentamente, con sensores que entregan niveles de voltaje muy bajos, se almacena y se procesa fuera de linea. Se muestran las posibilidades de los PSoC para este tipo de diseno, explotando caracteristicas que permiten una solucion original y economicamente viable.
Transcription termination and anti‐termination in <i>E. coli</i> (2002)

Transcription termination in Escherichia coli is controlled by many factors. The sequence of the DNA template, the structure of the transcript, and the actions of auxiliary proteins all play a role in determining the efficiency of the process. Termination is regulated and can be enhanced or suppressed by host and phage proteins. This complex reaction is rapidly yielding to biochemical and structural analysis of the interacting factors. Below we review and attempt to unify into basic principles the remarkable recent progress in understanding transcription termination and anti-termination.
Involvement of Cathepsin E in Exogenous Antigen Processing in Primary Cultured Murine Microglia (2002)

We have attempted to elucidate an involvement of cathepsin E (CE) in major histocompatibility complex class II-mediated antigen presentation by microglia. In primary cultured murine microglia, CE was localized mainly in early endosomes and its expression level was markedly increased upon stimulation with interferon-gamma. Pepstatin A, a specific inhibitor of aspartic proteases, significantly inhibited interleukin-2 production from an OVA-(266-281)-specific T helper cell hybridomas upon stimulation with native OVA presented by interferon-gamma-treated microglia. However, pepstatin A failed to inhibit the presentation of OVA-(266-281) peptide. The possible involvement of CE in the processing of native OVA into antigenic peptide was further substantiated by that digested fragments of native OVA by CE could be recognized by OVA-specific Th cells. Cathepsin D also degraded native OVA into antigenic peptide, whereas microglia prepared from cathepsin D-deficient mice retained an ability for antigen presentation. On the other hand, the requirement for cysteine proteases such as cathepsins S and B in the processing of invariant chain (Ii) was confirmed by immunoblot analyses in the presence of their specific inhibitors. In conclusion, CE is required for the generation of an antigenic epitope from OVA but not for the processing of Ii in microglia.
Assembly and disassembly of gap junctions during mesenchymal cell condensation and early chondrogenesis in limb buds of mouse embryos. (1984)

During early chondrogenesis of the limb skeleton, cell condensations occur which are characterised by an increased density of cell packing, a decrease in the extent of the intercellular space and a drastic increase in the number of gap junctions. Electron microscopical investigations have been performed on the assembly and disassembly of these gap junctions in limb buds of mouse embryos during Days 10-12 of pregnancy. In undifferentiated mesenchyme, focal cell contacts occurred showing a gap of about 10 nm between adjacent cell membranes. During further development these contacts became broader, the intercellular gap decreased to 5 nm and gap junction structures were first formed at the ends of such cellular contacts. At the stage of maximum cell condensation, the blastemal cells were interconnected by large gap junctions, but there were also a considerable number of coiled gap junction structures present intracellularly. Near these coiled gap junctions, a well developed Golgi apparatus and many coated vesicles were generally detectable, indicating a fast turnover of cell membrane. The results suggest an insertion of gap junction components into the membrane during contact formation. Deposition of new cell membrane and coiling and invagination of gap junctions are discussed in the context of cell separation at the beginning of chondrogenesis.
Elasticity reconstructive imaging by means of stimulated echo MRI (1998)

A method is introduced to measure internal mechanical displacement and strain by means of MRI. Such measurements are needed to reconstruct an image of the elastic Young's modulus. A stimulated echo acquisition sequence with additional gradient pulses encodes internal displacements in response to an externally applied differential deformation. The sequence provides an accurate measure of static displacement by limiting the mechanical transitions to the mixing period of the simulated echo. Elasticity reconstruction involves definition of a region of interest having uniform Young's modulus along its boundary and subsequent solution of the discretized elasticity equilibrium equations. Data acquisition and reconstruction were performed on a urethane rubber phantom of known elastic properties and an ex vivo canine kidney phantom using <2% differential deformation. Regional elastic properties are well represented on Young's modulus images. The long-term objective of this work is to provide a means for remote palpation and elasticity quantitation in deep tissues otherwise inaccessible to manual palpation.
Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts toward Leydig-like Cells by Defined Factors (2016)

Leydig cells (LCs) play crucial roles in producing testosterone, and their dysfunction leads to male hypogonadism. LC transplantation is a promising alternative therapy for male hypogonadism. However, the source of LCs limits this strategy for clinical applications. Here, we report our success in reprogramming mice fibroblasts into LCs by expressing three transcriptional factors, Dmrt1, Gata4, and Nr5a1. The induced Leydig-like cells (iLCs) expressed steroidogenic genes, had a global gene expression profile similar to that of adult LCs, and acquired androgen synthesis capabilities. When iLCs were transplanted into rats or mice testes that were selectively depleted of endogenous LCs, the transplanted cells could survive and function in the interstitium of testis, resulting in the restoration of normal levels of serum testosterone. These findings demonstrate that the fibroblasts were able to be directly converted into iLCs by few defined factors, which may facilitate future applications in regenerative medicine.
Follicle Size on Day of Trigger Most Likely to Yield a Mature Oocyte (2018)

Follicles 12-19 mm on the morning of trigger administration were most likely to yield a mature oocyte following hCG, GnRHa, or kisspeptin.
A photonic crystal superlattice based on triangular lattice (2005)

A two-dimensional superlattice photonic crystal structure is investigated in which the holes in adjacent rows of a triangular lattice alternate between two different radii. The superimposition of a superlattice on a triangular lattice is shown to reduce the photonic bandgap, introduce band splitting, and change the dispersion contours so that dramatic effects are seen in the propagation, refraction, and dispersion properties of the structure. For single mode propagation, the superlattice shows regions of both positive and negative refraction as well as refraction at normal incidence. The physical mechanisms responsible for these effects are directly related to Brillouin Zone folding effects on the triangular lattice that lowers the lattice symmetry and introduces anisotropy in the lattice.
Nitrogen bridgehead compounds. Part 6. Ring transformation. Part 3. Thermal cyclization of diethyl 2-(2-pyridylaminomethylene)-succinates and -glutarates (1980)

The pyridylsuccinates (1) and pyridylglutarates (2), with various substituents on the pyridine ring, were cyclized in Dowtherm A at 250 °C. The succinates cyclized in two competing reaction routes, giving rise to pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines (route A) and N-pyridylpyrrolinones (route B). The ratio of the two products varied with the nature of the substituent and its position. The N-pyridylpyrrolinones proved to be mixtures of the desmotropes (5) and (6) which were separated. The pyridylglutarates (2) gave only the pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines (4). The 6-substituted pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines underwent a ring-transformation reaction at or above 250 °C, forming the corresponding 1,8-naphthyridines (8) and (9).
Temporal Convolutional Networks for Anomaly Detection in Time Series (2019)

Abstract Convolutional Networks have been demonstrated to be particularly useful for extracting high level feature in structural data. Temporal convolutional network (TCN) is a framework which employs casual convolutions and dilations so that it is adaptive for sequential data with its temporality and large receptive fields. In this paper, we apply TCN for anomaly detection in time series. We train the TCN on normal sequences and use it to predict trend in a number of time steps. Prediction errors are fitted by a multivariate Gaussian distribution and used to calculate the anomaly scores of points. In addition, a multi-scale feature mixture method is raised to promote performance. The validity of this method is confirmed on three real-world datasets.
Enhancing titres of therapeutic viral vectors using the transgene repression in vector production (TRiP) system (2017)

A key challenge in the field of therapeutic viral vector/vaccine manufacturing is maximizing production. For most vector platforms, the 'benchmark' vector titres are achieved with inert reporter genes. However, expression of therapeutic transgenes can often adversely affect vector titres due to biological effects on cell metabolism and/or on the vector virion itself. Here, we exemplify the novel 'Transgene Repression In vector Production' (TRiP) system for the production of both RNA- and DNA-based viral vectors. The TRiP system utilizes a translational block of one or more transgenes by employing the bacterial tryptophan RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP), which binds its target RNA sequence close to the transgene initiation codon. We report enhancement of titres of lentiviral vectors expressing Cyclo-oxygenase-2 by 600-fold, and adenoviral vectors expressing the pro-apoptotic gene Bax by >150,000-fold. The TRiP system is transgene-independent and will be a particularly useful platform in the clinical development of viral vectors expressing problematic transgenes.
The Glas Bheinn Appinitic Complex, Glen Roy: a model for foliation development during emplacement (1996)

Synopsis The Glas Bheinn Appinitic Complex forms part of a suite of Silurian calc-alkaline igneous intrusions exposed in the Glen Roy area. The complex comprises three main components: (1) horn-felsed schist and schist breccia; (2) quartzite and quartzite breccia; and (3) a suite of mafic and ultra-mafic, variably foliated and/or lineated appinitic intrusive igneous rocks. Emplacement of the complex post-dated the main tectonothermal history of the country rock, which is entirely of Leven Schist (Appin Group), and predated the intrusion of the Ben Nevis Dyke Swarm. A four stage model for the emplacement of the Glas Bheinn Complex has been erected: (1) development of a breccia pipe with minor amounts of ultramafic material; (2) compaction and consolidation of the breccia; (3) intrusion of the dioritic (appinitic) magma; and (4) crystallization and foliation development within the appinitic diorites. A detailed petrological study indicates that fabric development within the appinitic igneous rocks occurred in response to the heterogeneous collapse of a primocryst framework prior to full crystallization, probably in response to deformation associated with continued forceful intrusion. The residual melt expelled during this process migrated into regions of low strain and crystallized as leucocratic domains within the appinitic diorite. Initial results suggest that final equilibration of the plagioclase–K-feldspar–amphibole assemblage occurred at temperatures of c. 500°C (±60°C).
Evidence-Based Medicine (2013)

This article was prepared to accompany practice-based assessment with ongoing surgical education for the Maintenance of Certification for the American Board of Plastic Surgery. It is structured to outline the care of the patient with the postmastectomy breast deformity.
Integrative genomics of gene and metabolic regulation by estrogen receptors α and β, and their coregulators (2013)

The closely related transcription factors (TFs), estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, regulate divergent gene expression programs and proliferative outcomes in breast cancer. Utilizing breast cancer cells with ERα, ERβ, or both receptors as a model system to define the basis for differing response specification by related TFs, we show that these TFs and their key coregulators, SRC3 and RIP140, generate overlapping as well as unique chromatin-binding and transcription-regulating modules. Cistrome and transcriptome analyses and the use of clustering algorithms delineated 11 clusters representing different chromatin-bound receptor and coregulator assemblies that could be functionally associated through enrichment analysis with distinct patterns of gene regulation and preferential coregulator usage, RIP140 with ERβ and SRC3 with ERα. The receptors modified each other's transcriptional effect, and ERβ countered the proliferative drive of ERα through several novel mechanisms associated with specific binding-site clusters. Our findings delineate distinct TF-coregulator assemblies that function as control nodes, specifying precise patterns of gene regulation, proliferation, and metabolism, as exemplified by two of the most important nuclear hormone receptors in human breast cancer.
Who were Adam and Eve? Scientific reflections on Collins's Did Adam and Eve Really Exist? (2012)

C. John Collins.  2011.  Did Adam and Eve Really Exist? Who They Were and Why You Should Care .  Crossway, Wheaton, Illinois.  ISBN 978-1-4335-2425-7, 192 pp, $15.99.
HIV-1 assembly and budding as targets for drug discovery. (2005)

Research conducted during the past several years has led to an increased understanding of the roles played by the viral protein Gag and specific cellular factors in HIV assembly/budding. The identification of compounds that interfere with this process validates this late step in virus replication as a target for HIV therapeutic discovery. In this review, current understanding of HIV-1 assembly/budding is described and several developmental stage drugs that target this process are reviewed.
Negotiation Strategies for Patient Welfare (2016)

Patient welfare is the prime objective of Medical and Psychiatric Social Workers. Trained professional Social Workers contribute significantly to the well-being of patients by acting as a link between hospital team and patient and family. This study aims to describe key negotiation strategies used by the Medical and Psychiatric Social Work team and its effect on patient welfare in a tertiary care hospital. The Study was conducted among approximately 75,000 patients who had been admitted for medical and surgical interventions in a multispecialty hospital.  A structured questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data from approximately 15,000 patients who represented the in-patients. The data had been collected for two years duration; combined quantitative and qualitative data from patients and hospital staff were used for the study. Members of Medical Social Work team were actively involved in collecting feedback from admitted patients. They discussed the same feedback with the operational team of the hospital and tried to influence the hospital policy. A collective effort led to significant improvement in patient satisfaction score. Relationship with patients and hospital management and use of research skills are essential to enhance the negotiation abilities of Social Workers in the hospital sector. Negotiation for patient welfare will help Social Workers to add values to hospital management and patient satisfaction.
Onyx embolization with the Apollo detachable tip microcatheter: A single-center experience (2018)

Purpose The Apollo Onyx Delivery Microcatheter (Ev3, Irvine, CA) is a detachable-tip microcatheter that was developed to reduce the risk of microcatheter entrapment during ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx) embolizations. We report our experience with the microcatheter in a variety of neurointerventional procedures. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all Onyx embolizations performed in the head, neck, and spine using the Apollo Onyx Delivery Microcatheter from its introduction at our institution in July 2014 to August 2016. Information regarding patient diagnoses, procedural details, as well as clinical outcomes were obtained from the electronic medical record, procedure reports, and relevant angiographic imaging. Results A total of 58 arterial pedicle Onyx embolizations were performed in 37 patients. There were no cases of microcatheter entrapment, early/inadvertent tip detachment, or vessel injury upon removal of the device. There were two instances (3.5%) of leakage of Onyx from the microcatheter detachment site during embolization, which did not result in adverse sequelae. Clinical outcomes were excellent, with nearly all embolizations achieving the intended goal. In multivariate analysis, length of Onyx reflux along the microcatheter tip and utilization of a higher viscosity agent, Onyx 34, were significantly associated with tip detachment. Conclusion The use of the Apollo Microcatheter is both safe and effective during neurointerventional embolizations using Onyx. Leakage of liquid embolic agent from the detachment site is an infrequent technical complication that may be encountered with the device.
Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Components: Properties and Performance (2013)

This research evaluates the fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V specimens and components produced by Electron Beam additive manufacturing. It was found that the fatigue performance of specimens produced by additive manufacturing is significantly lower than that of wrought material due to defects such as porosity and surface roughness. However, evaluation of an actual component subjected to design fatigue loads did not result in premature failure as anticipated by specimen testing. Metallography, residual stress, static strength and elongation, fracture toughness, crack growth, and the effect of post processing operations such as machining and peening on fatigue performance were also evaluated.
Design and implementation of magnetic induction hyperthermia treatment planning workflow based on CT images (2013)

Magnetic induction hyperthermia has become an important tumor treatment method at present, and its treatment planning system is to help surgeons make a proper hyperthermia surgery scheme. So make a reasonable treatment planning workflow is of great significance. Based on DICOM standard and CT images, this paper designs and realizes a total workflow of magnetic induction hyperthermia treatment planning, including modules of communications with medical information systems, CT images processing and thermoseeds planning, etc. The results show that our work can largely promote the clinical applications of magnetic induction hyperthermia.
Automated latex agglutination immunoassay of serum ferritin with a centrifugal analyzer (1994)

A considerable demand for convenient, rapid, inexpensive assays of ferritin in serum has been generated in recent years in hospital laboratories and blood banks. We describe a simple and rapid particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay suitable for routine application in a Monarch 2000 centrifugal analyzer with commercially available reagents. This fully automated assay (y) requires no pretreatment of sample, and correlation with a two-step sandwich ELISA (x) is excellent (y = 1.018x + 0.397, Sy/x = 0.027). The analytical range extends from 5 to 900 micrograms/L. Intraassay imprecision (CV) ranged from 1.1% to 5% for various specimen concentrations. Interassay imprecision ranged from 2.2% for above-normal concentrations (755 micrograms/L) to 9.5% for low concentrations (39 micrograms/L). No specimen-related carryover was detected. The method has been useful in our predeposit autologous blood transfusion program for rapid assessment of iron status in patients undergoing repeated phlebotomies.