gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Holographic optical elements as laser irradiation sensor components</title> (1991)

The use of holographic optical elements (HOEs) to discriminate between coherent irradiation and broadband, noncoherent light has been experimentally demonstrated under adverse scattering and attenuating conditions. As a passive sensor component in a laser irradiation detection system, an HOE can be used in several application areas, e.g., data transmission systems, aircraft warning system, underwater communications, and alignment systems, where wavelength and direction of arrival information can be used. The efficient concentration or focusing of laser light by an HOE onto a detector stage and, of equal importance, the ability to form bright, unique geometric patterns are characteristics that establish the HOE's use as a readily compatible irradiation sensor component. In addition, there is a considerable size and weight advantage over other functionally comparable optical components. Finally, as a passive element, an HOE can fmd use with CW or pulsed illumination. The properties and advantages, pros and cons, of the use of HOEs as sensor elements are discussed in the paper and illustrated in several laboratory experiments and a field test.
Design of a novel variable stiffness gripper using permanent magnets (2017)

This paper presents the design of a novel variable stiffness gripper with two parallel fingers (jaws). Compliance of the system is generated by using permanent magnets as the nonlinear springs. Based on the presented design, the position and stiffness level of the fingers can be adjusted simultaneously by changing the air gap between the magnets. The modeling of magnetic repulsion force and stiffness are presented and verified experimentally. An experiment is also conducted to demonstrate the functionality of the gripper to improve safety when a fragile object was grasped and the gripper collided with an obstacle.
The Low Latency Fault Tolerance System (2010)

The Low Latency Fault Tolerance (LLFT) system provides fault tolerance for distributed applications, using the leader-follower replication technique. The LLFT system provides application-transparent replication, with strong replica consistency, for applications that involve multiple interacting processes or threads. The LLFT system comprises a Low Latency Messaging Protocol, a Leader-Determined Membership Protocol, and a Virtual Determinizer Framework. The Low Latency Messaging Protocol provides reliable, totally ordered message delivery by employing a direct group-to-group multicast, where the message ordering is determined by the primary replica in the group. The Leader-Determined Membership Protocol provides reconfiguration and recovery when a replica becomes faulty and when a replica joins or leaves a group, where the membership of the group is determined by the primary replica. The Virtual Determinizer Framework captures the ordering information at the primary replica and enforces the same ordering at the backup replicas for major sources of non-determinism, including multi-threading, time-related operations and socket communication. The LLFT system achieves low latency message delivery during normal operation and low latency reconfiguration and recovery when a fault occurs.
Evaluation of 64Cu-labeled dipicolylamine (DPA) as a small-molecule PET probe for in vivo imaging of phosphatidylserine exposure (2011)

1502 Objectives Anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) is highly exposed on the surfaces of cancer cells and tumor blood vessels. Synthetic bis-zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (Zn-DPA) derivatives have strong binding affinities to biological membranes enriched with PS. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of a small-molecule PET probe, 64Cu-labeled DPA, for in vivo imaging of PS exposure. Methods Bis-dipicolylamine was radiolabeled with 64Cu (t1/2 = 12.7 h) to provide 64Cu-DPA which was then subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluations, including stability, lipophilicity, U87MG cell uptake, PET imaging, and direct tissue sampling biodistribution studies in a U87MG tumor xenografted mouse model. Results The direct 64Cu-radiolabeling of DPA (n = 6) was achieved with radiochemical purity of >98%. The octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) for 64Cu-DPA was determined to be -1.32 ± 0.07, suggesting that 64Cu-DPA is moderately hydrophilic. A stability study in PBS showed that 64Cu-DPA is stable with >92% of 64Cu-DPA remaining intact after 6 h and in vitro studies revealed 64Cu-DPA binds to U87MG glioma cells and has good tumor cell retention. In PET studies, the U87MG tumors were all clearly visible with high contrast to contralateral background at all measured time points after injection of 64Cu-DPA. Much lower tumor uptake and predominant liver uptake were observed for 64CuCl2-PET, indicating that the tracer uptake in U87MG tumor results from 64Cu-DPA rather than free 64Cu. In addition, 64Cu-DPA demonstrated good tumor retention and high tumor-to-muscle ratio (14.99 ± 0.65 at 24 h postinjection). However, high accumulation and retention of 64Cu-DPA in the liver were observed. Finally, biodistribution results were consistent with the quantification analyses of microPET imaging. Conclusions Our results showed the feasibility of direct radiolabeling of DPA with 64Cu and 64Cu-DPA has the potential for in vivo imaging of PS exposure with PET
Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs): Bridging the Void Between Microporous and Polymeric Materials (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrically-driven single-photon sources based on colloidal quantum dots with near-optimal antibunching at room temperature (2017)

Photonic quantum information requires high-purity, easily accessible, and scalable single-photon sources. Here, we report an electrically driven single-photon source based on colloidal quantum dots. Our solution-processed devices consist of isolated CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots sparsely buried in an insulating layer that is sandwiched between electron-transport and hole-transport layers. The devices generate single photons with near-optimal antibunching at room temperature, i.e., with a second-order temporal correlation function at zero delay (g <sup>(2)</sup>(0)) being <0.05 for the best devices without any spectral filtering or background correction. The optimal g <sup>(2)</sup>(0) from single-dot electroluminescence breaks the lower g <sup>(2)</sup>(0) limit of the corresponding single-dot photoluminescence. Such highly suppressed multi-photon-emission probability is attributed to both novel device design and carrier injection/recombination dynamics. The device structure prevents background electroluminescence while offering efficient single-dot electroluminescence. A quantitative model is developed to illustrate the carrier injection/recombination dynamics of single-dot electroluminescence.
Detecting hepatic steatosis using ultrasound-induced thermal strain imaging: an<i>ex vivo</i>animal study (2014)

Hepatic steatosis or fatty liver disease occurs when lipids accumulate within the liver and can lead to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer and eventual liver failure requiring liver transplant. Conventional brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound (US) is the most common noninvasive diagnostic imaging modality used to diagnose hepatic steatosis in clinics. However, it is mostly subjective or requires a reference organ such as the kidney or spleen with which to compare. This comparison can be problematic when the reference organ is diseased or absent. The current work presents an alternative approach to noninvasively detecting liver fat content using US-induced thermal strain imaging (US-TSI). This technique is based on the difference in the change in the speed of sound as a function of temperature between water- and lipid-based tissues. US-TSI was conducted using two system configurations including a mid-frequency scanner with a single linear array transducer (5-14 MHz) for both imaging and heating and a high-frequency (13-24 MHz) small animal imaging system combined with a separate custom-designed US heating transducer array. Fatty livers (n = 10) with high fat content (45.6 ± 11.7%) from an obese mouse model and control livers (n = 10) with low fat content (4.8 ± 2.9%) from wild-type mice were embedded in gelatin. Then, US imaging was performed before and after US induced heating. Heating time periods of ∼ 3 s and ∼ 9.2 s were used for the mid-frequency imaging and high-frequency imaging systems, respectively, to induce temperature changes of approximately 1.5 °C. The apparent echo shifts that were induced as a result of sound speed change were estimated using 2D phase-sensitive speckle tracking. Following US-TSI, histology was performed to stain lipids and measure percentage fat in the mouse livers. Thermal strain measurements in fatty livers (-0.065 ± 0.079%) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those measured in control livers (-0.124 ± 0.037%). Using histology as a gold standard to classify mouse livers, US-TSI had a sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 90%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.775. This ex vivo study demonstrates the feasibility of using US-TSI to detect fatty livers and warrants further investigation of US-TSI as a diagnostic tool for hepatic steatosis.
Bone Regeneration With Osteogenically Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Matrix Proteins (2014)

Although bone has remarkable regenerative capacity, about 10% of long bone fractures and 25% to 40% of vertebral fusion procedures fail to heal. In such instances, a scaffold is employed to bridge the lesion and accommodate osteoprogenitors. Although synthetic bone scaffolds mimic some of the characteristics of bone matrix, their effectiveness can vary because of biological incompatibility. Herein, we demonstrate that a composite prepared with osteogenically enhanced mesenchymal stem cells (OEhMSCs) and their extracellular matrix (ECM) has an unprecedented capacity for the repair of critical-sized defects of murine femora. Furthermore, OEhMSCs do not cause lymphocyte activation, and ECM/OEhMSC composites retain their in vivo efficacy after cryopreservation. Finally, we show that attachment to the ECM by OEhMSCs stimulates the production of osteogenic and angiogenic factors. These data demonstrate that composites of OEhMSCs and their ECM could be utilized in the place of autologous bone graft for complex orthopedic reconstructions.
Speeding Up Stencil Computations with Kernel Convolution (2016)

A technique to speed up stencil computation is introduced. Computation and data reuse schemes are developed for its application to 1- and 3-dimensional stencils. The approach traverses the data domain fewer times than a state-of-the-art, straightforward iterative stencil implementation would. Performance results are shown for a variety of platforms, exemplifying how it can be straightforwardly applied with existing techniques and frameworks. The technique, named Aggregate Stencil-Loop Iteration (ASLI), works by applying a stencil obtained by the original stencil operator convolved with itself one or more times. This more complex operator creates new opportunities for in-register data reuse and increases the FLOPs-to-load ratio. The total number of FLOPs decreases for 1D but increases for 2D and 3D star-shaped stencils. In both scenarios, speed-up relative to the state-of-the-art is achieved. ASLI is relatively easy to implement and works synergistically with existing methods to optimize stencil computations.
Distributed Unstructured Grid Infrastructure for Complex Reservoir Simulation (2008)

Abstract It is now standard practice to use reservoir simulation as an everyday tool for better engineering and management of oil and gas fields. Modern reservoir simulation must be comprehensive in the treatment of complex reservoir processes, complex geology, intelligent maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells, and production systems. For the more mature giant oil fields, significant volumes of detailed data are available. It is critical to maximize the use of these data for field planning in order to optimize recovery. Nowadays fast inexpensive parallel computers are widely available, modern reservoir simulators can exploit parallelism effectively such that modeling can be done at the desired scale and speed for better and timelier reservoir management. Simulators must also have the flexibility to use the general structured or unstructured grid systems for any combination of complex geology and recovery processes. To handle all these complexities in a massively parallel environment, we have developed in Saudi Aramco's in-house reservoir simulator POWERS a distributed unstructured grid infrastructure (DUGI). DUGI is the parallel data structure and algorithms which constitutes the simulator's nerve center. Typical complex models for giant fields can have tens to hundreds of millions of grid cells, handling hundreds to thousands of wells, including some complex MRC wells. It can contain geologic features such as faults, pinch-outs, and fracture and multimodal porosities, described as the multiple porosity multiple permeability (MPMP) system. Both structured grids, with irregular multilevel local grid refinements (LGR) and unstructured grids can be used to resolve local reservoir or well geometry, and to model dynamic near-well coning behaviors. DUGI unifies the management of all these complexities into a consistent, scalable, and extendable system. It is designed to be modular such that data complexity and communication management are hidden from the rest of the simulator. This enhances simulator extensibility for ongoing feature development. Elements of DUGI will be discussed and examples of simulation models and results provided.
A new transform for image coding with reduced complexity and same performance as DCT (1989)

Proposes a new transform for image coding with reduced arithmetic complexity and with quite comparable coding properties and performances to DCT. This transform is a real valued Fourier transform of the permuted set of data. It presents a very low arithmetic complexity (for example, 32 multiplications and 320 additions for a length of 8*8) compared to the DCT (112 multiplications and 470 additions for a DCT 8*8) and a very simple structure.
The isolation and structure of phyllanthostatins 2 and 3 (1982)

A new antineoplastic glycoside, phyllanthostatin 2, and a related glycoside, phyllanthostatin 3, have been isolated from the Central American tree, Phyllanthusacuminatus and their structures assigned as 1c and 2 respectively.
Motion capture from body-mounted cameras (2011)

Motion capture technology generally requires that recordings be performed in a laboratory or closed stage setting with controlled lighting. This restriction precludes the capture of motions that require an outdoor setting or the traversal of large areas. In this paper, we present the theory and practice of using body-mounted cameras to reconstruct the motion of a subject. Outward-looking cameras are attached to the limbs of the subject, and the joint angles and root pose are estimated through non-linear optimization. The optimization objective function incorporates terms for image matching error and temporal continuity of motion. Structure-from-motion is used to estimate the skeleton structure and to provide initialization for the non-linear optimization procedure. Global motion is estimated and drift is controlled by matching the captured set of videos to reference imagery. We show results in settings where capture would be difficult or impossible with traditional motion capture systems, including walking outside and swinging on monkey bars. The quality of the motion reconstruction is evaluated by comparing our results against motion capture data produced by a commercially available optical system.
Multi-node Echo Method (2011)

This paper provides a new synchronization method named Multi-Node Echo Method (MNEM), which settles the problem of data/clock synchronization even with asymmetrical channels by relaying echo messages among multi-node loops. Based on MNEM, the paper further provides a method to detect symmetrical status of a communication network, a method to detect asymmetrical status of any channel in a communication network, and a method to calculate the sending and receiving delay values of any channel in a communication network, even when the channel is asymmetrical. The proposed synchronization method based on MNEM is independent of GPS, and is especially useful for line differential protection in power system.
Biconical taper coaxial optical fibre coupler (1985)

The coaxial biconical taper coupler is presented as a novel type of coaxial coupler. It is modelled as a three-section alternating Δβ coupler, and a large range of communication fibres can now be used for the fabrication of such couplers.
Towards Depth-resolved Fluorescence-guided Surgery Using Multi-spectral Near-infrared Light (2010)

It is shown that an analytic expression of fluorescence ratio detection can provide a direct estimate of depth in multi-spectral sub-surface imaging. This is supported by preliminary fluorescence data acquired with a broad-beam multi-spectral system.
Enhancing the Work Capacity of Electrochemical Artificial Muscles by Coiling Plies of Twist-Released Carbon Nanotube Yarns (2019)

Twisted-yarn-based artificial muscles can potentially be used in diverse applications, such as valves in microfluidic devices, smart textiles, air vehicles, and exoskeletons, because of their high torsional and tensile strokes, high work capacities, and long cycle life. Here, we demonstrate electrochemically powered, hierarchically twisted carbon nanotube yarn artificial muscles that have a contractile work capacity of 3.78 kJ/kg, which is 95 times the work capacity of mammalian skeletal muscles. This record work capacity and a tensile stroke of 15.1% were obtained by maximizing yarn capacitance by optimizing the degree of inserted twist in component yarns that are plied until fully coiled. These electrochemically driven artificial muscles can be operated in reverse as mechanical energy harvesters that need no externally applied bias. In aqueous sodium chloride electrolyte, a peak electrical output power of 0.65 W/kg of energy harvester was generated by 1 Hz sinusoidal elongation.
NMR Assignments and Secondary Structure of the Retinoid X Receptor α DNA‐binding Domain (1994)

The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and has recently been shown to function in a variety of hormonal signaling pathways by virtue of its ability to heterodimerize with other nuclear hormone receptors. Here we describe resonance assignments, the secondary structural elements and the global folding pattern of the DNA-binding domain (residues 130-223) of human RXR alpha, as determined by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its overall structure is similar to those reported for the glucocorticoid, estrogen, and retinoic acid receptors, in that the two zinc fingers of RXR fold to form a single structural domain containing two helices, which are located at the carboxy terminal of the two zinc fingers. There is also a short antiparallel beta-sheet formed between two residues in the amino-terminal base of the first finger and two residues in the carboxy terminal of that same finger just before the first helix. However, in contrast to the other nuclear hormone receptor DNA-binding domains, the RXR domain contains a third helix immediately after the conserved Gly-Met sequence that signals the termination of the second helix. The second and third helices lie orthogonal to and wrap around the first helix, generating an extended hydrophobic core. Since helices two and three are separated by only two residues, the backbone flexibility afforded by the presence of the conserved glycine residue between them may be crucial for the proper positioning of the third helix relative to the first helix. A 12-amino-acid region termed the 'T-box', which includes this third helix, was recently shown to be required for homodimeric binding of RXR to its cognate response element [Wilson, T. E., Paulsen, R. E., Padgett, K. A. & Milbrandt, J. (1992) Science 256, 107-110].
Downlink Beamforming Under Eirp Constraint In Wlan Ofdm Systems (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
<title>Biometric Encryption: enrollment and verification procedures</title> (1998)

Biometric Encryption<SUP>TM</SUP> is an algorithm which has been developed to securely link and retrieve a digital key using the interaction of a biometric image, such as a fingerprint, with a secure block of data, known as a Bioscrypt<SUP>TM</SUP>. The key can be used, for example, as an encryption/decryption key. The Bioscrypt comprises a stored filter function, produced by a correlation-based image processing algorithm, as well as other information which is required to first retrieve, and then verify the validity of, the key. The process of securely linking a key with a biometric is known as enrollment, while the process of retrieving this key is known as verification. This paper presents details of the enrollment and verification procedures.
Magnetism in high-resolution NMR probe design. I: General methods (1998)

In Part I, we review some basic physics, properties, and types of magnetism as they relate to high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe design, both in liquids and in solids, and some of the reasons it is technically difficult to obtain resolution of several parts per billion. We note the beneficial attributes of elliptical symmetries and the finite magic angle cylinder; and some methods of calculating fields produced by various objects are reviewed, with emphasis on the method of effective surface currents. Using a novel dual-ring method, the high-field magnetic properties of various materials important to NMR probe construction are obtained. Methods of adjusting and controlling the susceptibility of special adhesives, wire, foil, and dewar alloys are discussed. In Part II, we will look more specifically at high-resolution magic angle spinning probe design issues. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 10: 133–156, 1998
Dual-wavelength cascaded Raman fibre laser (2000)

Dual-wavelength lasing at 1480 and 1500 nm has been demonstrated from a cascaded Raman fibre laser with a WDM coupler and two pairs of Bragg gratings. Intensity-adjustable, wavelength-tunable laser operation was achieved by tensile stress wavelength tuning of the gratings.
Choose Your Own Adventure: Fabrication of Monolithic All‐Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics (2020)

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have transfixed the photovoltaic (PV) community due to their outstanding and tunable optoelectronic properties coupled to demonstrations of high-power conversion efficiencies (PCE) at a range of bandgaps. This has motivated the field to push perovskites to reach the highest possible performance. One way to increase the efficiency is by fabricating multijunction solar cells, which can split the solar spectrum, reducing thermalization loss. Low-cost all-perovskite tandems have a real chance to soon exceed 30% PCE, which could transform the PV industry. Achieving this goal requires the identification of perovskite sub-cells that are both highly efficient and can be effectively integrated. Herein, it is discussed how to navigate the multiple-choice adventure in choosing between the myriad of options and considerations present when deciding what perovskite materials, contact layers, and processing tools to use. Some of the potential fabrication pitfalls often encountered in MHP based tandem PVs are highlighted, so that they can hopefully be avoided in the future.