gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor inactivation contributes to antitumor efficacy of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase inhibitor 3β-hydroxy-17-(1<i>H</i>-benzimidazole-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene in prostate cancer (2008)

We previously reported that our novel compound 3beta-hydroxy-17-(1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (VN/124-1) is a potent 17alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) inhibitor/antiandrogen and strongly inhibits the formation and proliferation of human prostate cancer LAPC4 tumor xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice. In this study, we report that VN/124-1 and other novel CYP17 inhibitors also cause down-regulation of androgen receptor (AR) protein expression in vitro and in vivo. This mechanism of action seems to contribute to their antitumor efficacy. We compared the in vivo antitumor efficacy of VN/124-1 with that of castration and a clinically used antiandrogen, Casodex, and show that VN/124-1 is more potent than castration in the LAPC4 xenograft model. Treatment with VN/124-1 (0.13 mmol/kg twice daily) was also very effective in preventing the formation of LAPC4 tumors (6.94 versus 2410.28 mm(3) in control group). VN/124-1 (0.13 mmol/kg twice daily) and VN/124-1 (0.13 mmol/kg twice daily) + castration induced regression of LAPC4 tumor xenografts by 26.55% and 60.67%, respectively. Treatments with Casodex (0.13 mmol/kg twice daily) or castration caused significant tumor suppression compared with control. Furthermore, treatment with VN/124-1 caused marked down-regulation of AR protein expression, in contrast to treatments with Casodex or castration that caused significant up-regulation of AR protein expression. The results suggest that VN/124-1 acts by several mechanisms (CYP17 inhibition, competitive inhibition, and down-regulation of the AR). These actions contribute to inhibition of the formation of LAPC4 tumors and cause regression of growth of established tumors. VN/124-1 is more efficacious than castration in the LAPC4 xenograft model, suggesting that the compound has potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Active Thermal Isolation For Hot-Film Anemometers (1993)

Local heating compensates for conduction of heat from sensors into modules. Two hot-film sensors stacked on wind-tunnel model. Outer sensor detects changes in boundary-layer flow. Inner sensor provides active thermal isolation between outer sensor and model. Thermal boundary condition controlled at response time of detection hot-film sensor, significantly less than response time of internally heated model. Requires less power to maintain outer hot-film sensor at given temperature, enabling system to respond over greater dynamic range before power limits of instrument reached. Stacked sensors bonded to surface of most wind-tunnel models, even to curved surfaces, and removed after completion of experiments.
Characterization of human papillomavirus type 66 from an invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix (1991)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences coexisting with HPV16 and HPV45 were cloned from an invasive cervical carcinoma. The cloned HPV was shown to be a novel type, named HPV66, and is related to HPV56 (an HPV detected in cervical cancer). After screening 160 anogenital biopsies, four specimens exhibited histological features of intraepithelial neoplasia and contained HPV66 sequences. Of these, three were found to be associated with another HPV type.
Microvascular anastomosis guidance and evaluation using real-time three-dimensional Fourier-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography (2013)

Vascular and microvascular anastomoses are critical components of reconstructive microsurgery, vascular surgery, and transplant surgery. Intraoperative surgical guidance using a surgical imaging modality that provides an in-depth view and three-dimensional (3-D) imaging can potentially improve outcome following both conventional and innovative anastomosis techniques. Objective postoperative imaging of the anastomosed vessel can potentially improve the salvage rate when combined with other clinical assessment tools, such as capillary refill, temperature, blanching, and skin turgor. Compared to other contemporary postoperative monitoring modalities--computed tomography angiograms, magnetic resonance (MR) angiograms, and ultrasound Doppler--optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive high-resolution (micron-level), high-speed, 3-D imaging modality that has been adopted widely in biomedical and clinical applications. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the feasibility of real-time 3-D phase-resolved Doppler OCT (PRDOCT) as an assisted intra- and postoperative imaging modality for microvascular anastomosis of rodent femoral vessels is demonstrated, which will provide new insights and a potential breakthrough to microvascular and supermicrovascular surgery.
Wnt Signaling is Essential for Bone Regeneration (2006)

Cite This Article Kim, J. B., Leucht, P., Lam, K., Luppen, C. A., Berg, D. T. et al. (2006). Wnt Signaling is Essential for Bone Regeneration. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 3(4), 201–201.
Masked volume wise principal component analysis of small adrenocortical tumours in dynamic [11C]-metomidate positron emission tomography (2009)

In addition to the clear decrease in image noise and the improved contrast between different structures with MVW-PCA, the results indicate that the definition of ROIs may be more accurate and precise in MVW-PC1 images than in conventional summed images. This might improve the precision of PET measurements, for instance in therapy monitoring as well as for delineation of the tumour in radiation therapy planning.
Dual-wavelength cascaded Raman fiber laser (2002)

We have investigated the characteristics of a dual-wavelength cascaded Raman laser based on a composite resonator configuration using a fiber WDM coupler and two pairs of fiber Bragg gratings. The WDM coupler, which served to form a ring cavity and acted as an output coupler simultaneously, made the laser system simple and effective. Since the WDM coupler is made by the fused biconical taper technique and has the characteristic of periodic transmission windows, it can be designed to resonate at wavelengths corresponding to high odd Stokes orders simultaneously.
Clickable Nucleic Acids: Sequence‐Controlled Periodic Copolymer/Oligomer Synthesis by Orthogonal Thiol‐X Reactions (2015)

Abstract Synthetic polymer approaches generally lack the ability to control the primary sequence, with sequence control referred to as the holy grail. Two click chemistry reactions were now combined to form nucleobase‐containing sequence‐controlled polymers in simple polymerization reactions. Two distinct approaches are used to form these click nucleic acid (CNA) polymers. These approaches employ thiol–ene and thiol‐Michael reactions to form homopolymers of a single nucleobase (e.g., poly(A) n ) or homopolymers of specific repeating nucleobase sequences (e.g., poly(ATC) n ). Furthermore, the incorporation of monofunctional thiol‐terminated polymers into the polymerization system enables the preparation of multiblock copolymers in a single reaction vessel; the length of the diblock copolymer can be tuned by the stoichiometric ratio and/or the monomer functionality. These polymers are also used for organogel formation where complementary CNA‐based polymers form reversible crosslinks.
Characterization of a D&D site using long-range alpha detectors (1994)

Decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) procedures consist of an assessment phase and a remediation phase. The primary problem during assessment is the location and identification of the contaminants. Identification is difficult in buildings because contaminants may be hiding in difficult-to-sample areas and systems. Detectors based on long-range alpha detector (LRAD) technology are useful during the assessment phase on piping and ventilation systems. Not only can these detectors identify alpha emitter contamination, they can also be used to identify uncontaminated systems/areas. (Subsequent operations can then be organized to prevent contamination of these systems.) The LRAD-based detectors are also useful during remediation to identify uncontaminated material, such as structural debris, foundations, and soil, that could not be checked earlier. Also of importance during remediation, is waste characterization for transportation and disposal because the radionuclides of the waste and their associated activity must be known. The LRAD-based detectors are well suited for bulk item characterization (i.e., concrete, debris, soil) because assay of the items can be done quickly without analytical delays. Some additional characterization may be required to identify radionuclides and their proportional distribution. Using the LRAD technology, we are currently building two types of detectors exclusively for D&D purposes. These are a concretemore » surface monitor and a pipe monitor.« less
Evanescent mode filters using strongly-coupled resonator pairs (2013)

A new technique for the realization of evanescent mode filters with in-line configuration and pseudoelliptic response is presented in this paper. The basic element of the proposed filters is the strongly-coupled resonator pair (SCRP) embedded between two outer standard resonators. The SCRP, which consists of a pair of relatively close resonators, is exploited in such a way so as to provide a single resonant node as well as a direct path between the outer resonators, thus realizing a triplet. The resulting transmission zero can be located below or above the passband by properly controlling the coupling mechanisms occurring within the structure. The experimental result of a 9 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> order filter employing two SCRPs for the realization of as many transmission zeros validates the proposed approach.
Influence of Organic Structure Directing Agent Isomer Distribution on the Synthesis of SSZ-39 (2015)

The aluminosilicate molecular sieve with the AEI framework topology (SSZ-39) is currently of great interest for use in a number of important applications such as exhaust gas NOx reduction and the methanol-to-olefins reaction. It is likely that advances in the synthesis of this molecular sieve will be needed for applications to proceed. Here, dimethylpiperidine based organic structure directing agents (OSDAs) are used to prepare SSZ-39, and the influence of diastereo- and structural isomeric mixtures on the synthesis of SSZ-39 is reported. Although differences in the rates of molecular sieve formation as well as preferential isomer incorporation occur, the synthesis of SSZ-39 is possible over a wide range of isomeric mixtures. These findings demonstrate that the synthesis of SSZ-39 can be accomplished with OSDA isomer mixtures that naturally occur from the synthesis of the organic precursors used to prepare the OSDAs.
Constrained Interleaving of Serially Concatenated Codes with Inner Recursive Codes (2013)

A novel constrained interleaving technique is proposed to improve serially concatenated codes (SCCs) with inner recursive convolutional codes (IRCCs). In this study, constrained interleavers are designed to achieve a minimum Hamming distance (MHD) for the SCC, d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SCC</sub> , between d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> and d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> while simultaneously maximizing the interleaver gain, where d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> and d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> are the MHD of the outer and inner codes respectively. Constrained interleavers can be constructed to achieve d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SCC</sub> =d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> while almost maintaining the interleaver gain of uniform interleaving. By imposing additional inter-row constraints, d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SCC</sub> of constrained interleaving is increased beyond d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> up to d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> , however, at the expense of some interleaver gain. Numerical results demonstrate that constrained interleaving is an efficient way to construct SCCs with low error floors while achieving interleaver gain at relatively short interleaver sizes.
Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (1995)

An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) incorporating nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores as a second-order NLO material is reported. This IPN system consists of an NLO active epoxy-based polymer network incorporating a thermally crosslinkable NLO chromophore, and an NLO active phenoxy-silicon polymer network. Characterization of the thermal and optical properties of the IPN samples are reported. The optical nonlinearity of the poled/cured IPN samples is stable after being heated at 100 °C for 168 h. The nonlinear optical coefficient, d33, of a poled/cured IPN sample is measured to be 32 pm/V at 1.064 µm. The electro-optic coefficients, r33, of this sample are determined to be 18 pm/V at 633 nm and 6.5 pm/V at 1.3 µm. Waveguide optical loss measurements have been carried out at 0.83 and 1.3 µm.
TU‐FF‐A4‐05: Temporal Subtraction of Lateral Chest Radiographs (2006)

Purpose: Radiologists routinely compare multiple radiographs of the same patient to identify interval change in anatomy and pathology. The temporal subtraction images that facilitate this comparison have been limited to posteroanterior radiographs. Since the lateral view provides diagnostically important information, the purpose of this study was to develop an automated method for the subtraction of temporally sequential lateral chest radiographs and to evaluate the quality of the resulting images. Method and Materials: An automated method was developed to digitally subtract pairs of lateral chest radiographs. First, multiple rotated versions of the “previous” lateral radiograph were generated. For each of the rotated previous images, the apex of the lungs was identified through gray‐level profile analysis. A 251 × 215 mm subimage was then extracted near the apex and used as a template for cross‐correlation with the “current” radiograph. The translation and rotation parameters that yielded the highest correlation were used to rigidly transform the “previous” radiograph, which was then subtracted from the current radiograph to yield the temporal subtraction image. 30 pairs of lateral chest radiographs were subtracted. An observer rated the quality of each temporal subtraction image using a 1 (“very poor”) to 5 (“excellent”) scale. Results: The average registration accuracy rating was 4.0. 83% (25/30) of the subtraction images were rated as “acceptable” or better (3.0 or higher). Conclusion: Our technique for the automated subtraction of temporally sequential lateral chest radiographs generates a high percentage of subtraction images with acceptable registration accuracy. Such a method is expected to provide a valuable supplement to the conventional posteroanterior temporal subtraction images that have proven beneficial in the diagnostic evaluation of interval change in chest radiography. S.A. and H.M. hold warrants to shares in R2 Technology, Inc.; H.M. consultant for Riverain Medical and Median Technologies.
High-efficiency high-power-density 380V/12V DC/DC converter with a novel matrix transformer (2017)

Isolated high output current DC/DC converters are critical for future data center power architecture. LLC converters with matrix transformer are suitable for these applications due to its high efficiency and high power density. Different matrix transformer structures are investigated. Flux cancellation can be utilized to reduce core size and loss. Synchronous rectifiers and output capacitors can be integrated into the secondary windings to minimize leakage and termination loss. To further improve the current design practice, several efforts have been made and a detailed design procedure is provided in this paper. A novel matrix transformer structure is proposed to integrate four elemental transformers into one magnetic core with simple four-layer PCB windings, fully utilize the available PCB copper and space, and further reduce core loss. The proposed matrix transformer is superior to the state-of-art, due to the much reduced core loss, integrated magnetics and simple four-layer PCB winding. With the proposed matrix transformer, LLC converter can achieve both high efficiency and high power density by operating at MHz. A 1MHz 380V/12V 800W LLC converter with GaN devices is demonstrated. The prototype can fit into the quarter-brick footprint and achieves a peak efficiency of 97.6% and a power density of 900W/inch <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
A Review of Polarization Orientation Estimation from Polarimetric SAR Data (2003)

In this paper, we review estimation algorithms and applications of polarization orientation angle induced by terrain slopes. We develop a unified analysis of estimation algorithms based on the circular polarization covariance matrix. The concept of reflection symmetry is used to explain the soundness of the circular polarization method, and to show problems associated with other algorithms. The effect of radar frequency, scattering media, and polarimetric calibration will also be discussed. SIR-C, and JPL AIRSAR L-band and P-band polarimetric SAR images are used for demonstration. 1
Preparation of .beta.-lactams from azetidine-2-carboxylic acids and esters (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of .beta.-lactams from azetidine-2-carboxylic acids and estersHarry H. Wasserman, Bruce H. Lipshutz, Alan W. Tremper, and James S. WuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 15, 2991–2999Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00328a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00328a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views980Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple pass exposure in e-beam lithography: application to the sub-22nm nodes (2010)

Electron Beam Direct Write lithography is used in the IC manufacturing industry to sustain optical lithography for prototyping applications and low volume manufacturing. It is also used in R&D to develop the technological nodes ahead of mass production. As microelectronics is now moving towards the 32nm node and beyond, the need to accurately control the dimensions and the roughness of the features becomes tighter. As a consequence the requirements in terms of process window and resolution for the electron beam tools are more stringent. However the standard proximity effects corrections show difficulties to provide the required energy latitude for the sub-22nm nodes. A new approach is thus required to improve the patterning capabilities of electron beam lithography. In previous papers a new writing strategy based on multiple pass exposure has been introduced and optimized to pattern critical dense lines. This technique consists in adding small electron Resolution Improvement Features (eRIF) on top of the nominal structures. Previous studies have demonstrated that the energy latitude and the writing time can be optimized by tuning the design of the eRIF. A methodology to implement the eRIF on dense lines has also been established. The goal of this paper is to extend the use of the multiple pass exposure strategy to more complex designs taken from products layouts. The most critical layers of SRAM and Logic layouts down to the 16nm node are corrected with this advanced correction technique. The results from wafer exposures show that the edge roughness of the features is decreased and the energy latitude of our process is multiplied by two for each SRAM layer. Thanks to these improvements of the patterning capabilities of our electron beam tool, a gain in resolution of one technological node is achieved. Finally a method is proposed to implement the multiple pass exposure within an automated data preparation flow.
Methylation at the C-3′ in D-Ring of Strigolactone Analogs Reduces Biological Activity in Root Parasitic Plants and Rice (2019)

Strigolactones (SLs) regulate plant development and induce seed germination in obligate root parasitic weeds, e.g. <i>Striga</i> spp. Because organic synthesis of natural SLs is laborious, there is a large need for easy-to-synthesize and efficient analogs. Here, we investigated the effect of a structural modification of the D-ring, a conserved structural element in SLs. We synthesized and investigated the activity of two analogs, MP13 and MP26, which differ from previously published AR8 and AR36 only in the absence of methylation at C-3'. The de-methylated MP13 and MP26 were much more efficient in regulating plant development and inducing <i>Striga</i> seed germination, compared with AR8. Hydrolysis assays performed with purified <i>Striga</i> SL receptor and docking of AR8 and MP13 to the corresponding active site confirmed and explained the higher activity. Field trials performed in a naturally <i>Striga</i>-infested African farmer's field unraveled MP13 as a promising candidate for combating <i>Striga</i> by inducing germination in host's absence. Our findings demonstrate that methylation of the C-3' in D-ring in SL analogs has a negative impact on their activity and identify MP13 and, particularly, MP26 as potent SL analogs with simple structures, which can be employed to control <i>Striga</i>, a major threat to global food security.