gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High power, drift-free 4H-SiC pin diodes (2005)

The path to commercializing a 4H-SiC power PiN diode has faced many difficult challenges. In this work, we report a 50 A, 10 kV 4H-SiC PiN diode technology where good crystalline quality and high carrier lifetime of the material has enabled a high yielding process with V/sub F/ as low as 3.9 V @ 100 A/cm/sup 2/. These 10 kV diodes demonstrate pulsed current handling capability up to 328 A which represents over 3 MW of pulsed power. Furthermore, incorporation of two independent basal plane dislocation reduction processes (LBPD 1 and LBPD 2) have produced a large number of devices that exhibit a high degree of forward voltage stability. The more benign LBPD 2 process yields wafers with better reverse blocking capability resulting in a total yield (forward, 10 kV blocking, and drift) of >20% for 8.7 mm /spl times/ 8.7 mm power PiN diode chips - the largest SiC chip reported to date.
Determination of Mean Cluster Sizes by Water Capture (1997)

Argon clusters (Ar30-400) produced in a supersonic expansion were doped with water using the pickup method and subsequently electron impact ionized. Charged fragments were detected by a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The intensities of the water-containing fragment peaks (ArnH2O+, n = 4−7) versus water pressure followed Poisson distributions, from which capture cross sections were derived. These cross sections corresponded to cluster sizes in agreement with published results for our range of stagnation conditions. The measurement of water capture cross sections has been shown to provide a convenient means of determining van der Waals cluster mean sizes.
MUC1 regulates nuclear localization and function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (2010)

Alteration of protein trafficking and localization is associated with several diseases, including cystic fibrosis, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia and diabetes. Specifically, aberrant nuclear localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is a poor prognostic indicator in several epithelial carcinomas. It is now appreciated that in addition to signaling from the plasma membrane, EGFR also trafficks to the nucleus, and can directly bind the promoter regions of genes encoding cyclin D1 (CCND1) and B-Myb (MYBL2). We have previously established that loss of MUC1 in an EGFR-dependent transgenic mouse model of breast cancer correlates with the loss of cyclin D1 expression. Here, we provide evidence for a novel regulatory function of MUC1 in the trafficking and nuclear activity of EGFR. We found that MUC1 and EGFR interact in the nucleus of breast cancer cells, which promotes the accumulation of chromatin-bound EGFR. Additionally, the presence of MUC1 results in significant colocalization of EGFR and phosphorylated RNA polymerase II, indicating that MUC1 influences the association of EGFR with transcriptionally active promoter regions. Importantly, we found that the loss of MUC1 expression resulted in a decrease in the interaction between EGFR and the CCND1 promoter, which translated to a significant decrease in cyclin D1 protein expression. This data offers insights into a novel regulatory mechanism of EGFR nuclear function and could have important implications for evaluating nuclear localization in cancer.
Development of a Practical High-Yield Industrial Synthesis of Pergolide Mesylate (2006)

The development of a high-yield and low environmental impact synthesis able to deliver highly pure pergolide mesylate 1 is described. The process [seven chemical steps (four telescoped), three steps of isolation of intermediate, and only one drying] affords pergolide mesylate 1 in 75−81% overall yield from dihydrolysergic acid 4 with >99.8% purity.
Chlorophyll: anatomy of a discovery (1982)

Observations were made that are incompatible with the conventional visualization of the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, such as the pathway proposed by S. Granick. The new discoveries were made possible by techniques developed by the author: cell-free systems capable of synthesizing protochlorophyll and chlorophyll a and b from /delta/-aminolevulinic acid; the use of radio isotopes; and spectrofluorometric techniques. An understanding of the different chlorophyll chemical structures is essential to the technology of capturing solar energy. 53 refs.
Primary to comprehensive stroke center transfers: Appropriateness, not futility (2018)

Background and purpose Ischemic stroke patients must be transferred to comprehensive stroke centers for endovascular treatment, but this transfer can be interpreted post hoc as "futile" if patients do not ultimately undergo the procedure or have a poor outcome. We posit that transfer decisions must instead be evaluated in terms of appropriateness at the time of decision-making. Methods We propose a classification schema for Appropriateness of Transfer for Endovascular Thrombectomy based on patient, logistic, and center characteristics. Results The classification outline characteristics of patients that are 1. Appropriate for transfer for endovascular treatment; 2. Inappropriate for transfer; and 3. Appropriate for transfer for higher level of care. Conclusions Appropriate transfer decisions for endovascular treatment are significant for patient outcomes. A more nuanced understanding of transfer decision-making and a classification for such transfers can help minimize inappropriate transfers in acute stroke.
Mixing with Mozart (2004)

A variety of tools exist in hardware and software for mixing dance music. These work by estimating the “beats-perminute” count of music with heavy beats. These tools aid a DJ in finding the appropriate speed change and time shift to smoothly combine or transition between two pieces of music. In this work, we present a method for finding these alignments and combining a wider class of songs with dance music (e.g., Mozart with techno). We do this by jointly optimizing the energy alignment of both signals instead of attempting to detect individual beats/tempos. Though computationally intensive if naively computed, we introduce an approximation to greatly speed up the evaluation of the tens of thousands of possible matches. This results in a set of a few top choices for alignment parameters. We also develop a measure of the quality of the match to help assess whether the best alignment is actually a good fit. We show a variety of results demonstrating the use of this method.
Multicasting along meshes in ad-hoc networks (2003)

The core-assisted mesh protocol (CAMP) is introduced for multicast routing in ad hoc networks. CAMP generalizes the notion of core-based trees introduced for Internet multicasting into multicast meshes that have much richer connectivity than trees. A shared multicast mesh is defined for each multicast group; the main goal of using such meshes is to maintain the connectivity of multicast groups even while network routers move frequently. The CAMP consists of the maintenance of multicast meshes and loop-free packet forwarding over such meshes. Within the multicast mesh of a group, packets from any source in the group are forwarded along the reverse shortest path to the source, just as in traditional multicast protocols based on source-based trees. The CAMP guarantees that, within a finite time, every receiver of a multicast group has a reverse shortest path to each source of the multicast group. It uses cores only to limit the traffic needed for a router to join a multicast group; the failure of cores does not stop packet forwarding or the process of maintaining the multicast meshes.
Lensless joint transform correlator (1997)

The lensless joint transform correlator optically determines the relative x -y position of two pinholes. The pinholes are placed in parallel arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The Fraunhaufer diffraction patterns combine to form a joint transform plane. Because of the interference of the two signals, a Fresnel zone is formed in the joint Fraunhaufer diffraction pattern. This is captured and used in a second stage, just as the joint power spectrum is in a joint transform correlator. The joint transform is illuminated with a plane wave, and the output taken in the focal plane of the Fresnel zone. As with the single-lens joint transform correlator, the lensless joint transform correlator exhibits magnification between the input displacement and the output peak displacement. By using the third or fifth order focus of the Fresnel zone, the output resolution can be improved by a factor of three or five in both the x and y dimensions. The output has very good peak-to-noise ratio and position resolution. A peak-to-noise ratio of 106 dB with a resolution of 1.4 µm are observed when using the fifth order focus of the Fresnel zone.
Tuning Intermolecular Interactions of Molecular Crowding Electrolyte for High-Performance Aqueous Batteries (2021)

Using cost-effective and environmentally friendly molecular crowding agents to replace highly concentrated salts is a promising strategy to suppress water decomposition in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding on how a crowding agent structure affects the key properties of electrolyte prevents rational design of molecular crowding electrolyte for high-power and high-voltage aqueous batteries. Here, we investigated how the terminal group and the chain length of the crowding agent affect the conductivity and the voltage window. On the basis of the design principles revealed, we developed a new crowding agent, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME) 450, demonstrating 3 times higher conductivity (2.4 mS cm–1 vs 0.8 mS cm–1) than state-of-the-art polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 without sacrificing the voltage window (3.2 V). A high-power and high-voltage aqueous Li4Ti5O12/LiMn2O4 cells with this new electrolyte operated (5 C, 72 Wh kg–1 vs 10 Wh kg–1 PEG400) for 800 cycles. This work demonstrates a universal strategy for advanced aqueous electrolyte design and high-performance batteries.
A perception-aware low-power software audio decoder for portable devices (2005)

We propose a new software audio decoder for processors supporting multiple discrete voltage-frequency operating points. The proposed decoding scheme allows the user to switch between multiple output quality levels, where each level is associated with a different rate at which the processor consumes energy. This is an attractive feature in battery-powered portable audio players and mobile phones, where battery-life is often more crucial than the output quality, especially in noisy environments. Towards this, the frequency range of the decoder is partitioned into multiple groups, in accordance with their perceptual relevance. When a longer battery life is desired, only the most relevant frequency components are decoded, which allows the processor to be run at a lower voltage and frequency. We have implemented this scheme using the MP3 decoder and obtained up to 95% savings in the energy consumed by the processor for AM quality output (in contrast to CD quality output, which is associated with the maximum energy consumption). This scheme is easy to implement, has no runtime overhead and does not involve any runtime voltage or frequency scaling.
Metal-catalyzed living radical graft copolymerization of olefins initiated from the structural defects of poly(vinyl chloride) (2001)

Commercial poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) contains allyl chloride and tertiary chloride groups as structural defects. This article reports the use of the active chloride groups from the structural defects of PVC as initiators for the metal-catalyzed living radical graft copolymerization of PVC. The following monomers were investigated in graft copolymerization experiments: methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, methacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile, styrene, 4-chloro-styrene, 4-methyl-styrene, and isobornylmethacrylate. Cu(0)/bpy, CuCl/bpy, CuBr/bpy, Cu2O/bpy, Cu2S/bpy, and Cu2Se/bpy (where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) were used as catalysts. Living radical polymerizations initiated from 1-chloro-3-methyl-2-butene, allyl bromide, and 1,4-dichloro-2-butene as models for the allyl chloride structural defects and from 3-chloro-3-methyl-pentane and 1,3-dichloro-3-methylbutane as models for the tertiary chloride defects were studied. Graft copolymerization experiments were accessible in solution, in a swollen state, and in bulk. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1120–1135, 2001
Overview of bioluminescence tomography-a new molecular imaging modality (2007)

According to the NIH roadmap, optical molecular imaging has an instrumental role in the development of molecular medicine. Great efforts, including those with bioluminescent imaging techniques, have been made to understand the linkage between genes and phenotypic expressions in normal and disease biology. Currently, bioluminescent techniques are widely used in small animal studies. However, most of the current bioluminescent imaging techniques are done in the 2D mode. In this overview, we review bioluminescence tomography (3D mode), elaborate on its principle and multi-spectral extension, describe associated image unmixing and normalization techniques, and discuss a number of directions for technical improvements and biomedical applications.
On multi-arm manipulation planning (2002)

This paper considers the automatic generation of motion paths for several cooperating robot arms to manipulate a movable object between two configurations among obstacles. To avoid collisions the robots may have to change their grasp of the object, for example, by passing it from one arm to another. The case where the movable object can only be moved by two arms acting simultaneously is also considered. An approach for solving this planning problem is described and illustrated with a robot system made of three arms moving in a 3D environment. Experiments with a planner implementing this approach show that it is not only fast, but also reliable in finding collision-free paths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-frequency response heat-flux gauge (1986)

A double-sided, high-frequency response heat-flux gauge has been developed which allows measurement of heat flux from dc to 100 kHz. The instrument is designed for heat-flux magnitudes ranging from one to several hundred kW/m2 at temperatures up to 400 °C and is independent of the test article material. The gauges consist of a metal film (1500 Å) resistance thermometers sputtered on both sides of a thin (25 μm) polyimide sheet. The sheet, which can contain many gauges, is then adhesively bonded to a test article. The temperature difference across the polyimide is a direct measure of the heat flux at low frequencies, while a quasi-1D analysis is used to infer the high-frequency heat flux from the upper surface temperature history. The design criteria, construction and application techniques, and a novel, ratiometric calibration procedure are discussed in detail.
Evaluation of Diesel Fuel Ethanol Microemulsions (1982)

ABSTRACT ANHYDROUS ethanol can be blended with No. 2 diesel fuel to form a homogeneous blend, but low temperatures or water contamination cause a phase separation. Certain organic additives were used to form cosolvent and microemulsion blends of 190-proof ethanol in diesel fuel. Data on properties and engine evaluations of the blended fuels are reported.
Toward the integration of incremental physical synthesis optimizations (2009)

In high-frequency microprocessor design, placement plays a significantly different role from that in large ASICs. Not only does it have to find a good global placement solution, placement needs tighter interaction with physical optimizations to improve every picosecond possible. This paper will introduce practical placement techniques that integrate buffering and gate sizing to maximize timing improvement in a standard-cell library based high-performance design flow. Combined with accurate timing models and analysis, these incremental placement techniques simultaneously consider multiple optimization options and make timing-optimal changes under the given timing model. These techniques are equipped with a “Do-no-harm” policy that makes them applicable in incremental optimization frameworks to reform critical subcircuits.
Detailed spatio-temporal reconstruction of eyelids (2015)

In recent years we have seen numerous improvements on 3D scanning and tracking of human faces, greatly advancing the creation of digital doubles for film and video games. However, despite the high-resolution quality of the reconstruction approaches available, current methods are unable to capture one of the most important regions of the face - the eye region. In this work we present the first method for detailed spatio-temporal reconstruction of eyelids. Tracking and reconstructing eyelids is extremely challenging, as this region exhibits very complex and unique skin deformation where skin is folded under while opening the eye. Furthermore, eyelids are often only partially visible and obstructed due to self-occlusion and eyelashes. Our approach is to combine a geometric deformation model with image data, leveraging multi-view stereo, optical flow, contour tracking and wrinkle detection from local skin appearance. Our deformation model serves as a prior that enables reconstruction of eyelids even under strong self-occlusions caused by rolling and folding skin as the eye opens and closes. The output is a person-specific, time-varying eyelid reconstruction with anatomically plausible deformations. Our high-resolution detailed eyelids couple naturally with current facial performance capture approaches. As a result, our method can largely increase the fidelity of facial capture and the creation of digital doubles.
Luminal Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Exhibit Proinflammatory Effects on Epithelial Cells and Macrophages (2016)

EVs shed from sites of intestinal inflammation in patients with IBD have a distinct mRNA and protein profile from those of healthy individuals. These EVs have proinflammatory effects on the colonic epithelium, in vitro. Their stability in luminal samples and their mRNA and protein content identify them as a potential fecal biomarker that reflects mucosal inflammatory pathways.
The Quantum Interference Effect Transistor (2005)

We propose a new type of molecular transistor, the Quantum Interference Effect Transistor (QuIET), based on tunable current suppression due to quantum interference. We show that any aromatic hydrocarbon ring has two-lead configurations for which current at small voltages is suppressed by destructive interference. A transistor can be created by providing phase relaxation or decoherence at a site on the ring. We propose several molecules which could tunably introduce the necessary dephasing or decoherence, as well as a proof of principle using a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Within the self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation, the QuIET is shown to have characteristics strikingly similar to those of conventional field effect and bipolar junction transistors.
Tailoring the Product Distribution with Batch and Continuous Process Options in Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural (2014)

Various noble metal catalysts were screened in a batch operation for a furfural (FFR) single-step decarbonylation and hydrogenation reaction to obtain THF in high selectivity. Among these, the 3% Pd/C showed complete FFR conversion with a total of 80% selectivity to ring hydrogenated products including tetrahydrofuran (THF). The order of activity exhibited by other noble metals was Pt/C > Re/C > Ru/C. Although Pt/C exhibited the highest activity, its decarbonylation and ring hydrogenation ability were the least (24%) with a major product selectivity of 66% to furfuryl alcohol (FAL). Similarly, the Cu catalyst gave almost complete selectivity to FAL. In a continuous operation (23 g catalyst bed), the 3% Pd/C catalyst showed higher selectivity of >40% compared to THF alone with complete FFR conversion and on-stream activity of ∼100 h. The reaction pathway elucidated from some control experiments revealed that the decarbonylation of FFR to furan over the Pd/C catalyst is a prerequisite for THF formation.
B cells engineered to express pathogen-specific antibodies protect against infection (2019)

Effective vaccines inducing lifelong protection against many important infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), HIV, influenza virus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are not yet available despite decades of research. As an alternative to a protective vaccine, we developed a genetic engineering strategy in which CRISPR-Cas9 was used to replace endogenously encoded antibodies with antibodies targeting RSV, HIV, influenza virus, or EBV in primary human B cells. The engineered antibodies were expressed efficiently in primary B cells under the control of endogenous regulatory elements, which maintained normal antibody expression and secretion. Using engineered mouse B cells, we demonstrated that a single transfer of B cells engineered to express an antibody against RSV resulted in potent and durable protection against RSV infection in <i>RAG1</i>-deficient mice. This approach offers the opportunity to achieve sterilizing immunity against pathogens for which traditional vaccination has failed to induce or maintain protective antibody responses.
Effects of image compression on iris recognition performance and image quality (2009)

With iris recognition gaining support as one of the most accurate means of human identification, its use is expanding globally. The number of researchers developing algorithms for iris recognition is increasing, and more iris image databases are available for their research. Developing algorithms that work effectively over a wide range of conditions requires a large assortment of iris images captured under varying and extreme conditions. This means that the size of the databases from which to conduct research is increasing. This paper investigates the effects of image compression on recognition system performance using a commercial iris recognition algorithm along with JPEG-2000 compression, and links these to an image quality metric. We use the ICE iris database in this research.
Advances in high-strength metal- coated fiber optical waveguides (1979)

Over the past two years, high-strength metal-jacketed lightguides have been developed with static-fatigue lifetimes orders of magnitude longer than those of conventional plastic-coated fibers. The advantage of the metal jacket is that it provides a hermetic seal that protects the surface of the glass from moisture, which is an essential ingredient for the delayed-failure phenomenon known as static fatigue. Although the metal-jacketed fibers have better mechanical characteristics than the plastic-coated fibers, their optical transmission losses tend to be somewhat higher. This is due to higher microbending losses associated with the metal jacketing, which is substantially less pliant than typical plastic coatings. The soft plastic tends to cushion the fibers from microbends. We have studied the problem of excess loss in metal-coated fibers of varying geometry and have found that the excess loss can be reduced to acceptable values.