gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendron-Tethered and Templated CdS Quantum Dots on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

CdS nanoparticles on the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were templated and stabilized through the initial attachment of 1 --> 3 C-branched amide-based dendrons and were both photophysically and morphologically characterized. The CdS clusters were shown to be ca. 1.4 nm in diameter as calculated from their optical absorption spectra and exhibited reduced fluorescence emission intensity at 434 nm compared to that of CdS quantum dots stabilized by untethered dendrons due to partial emission quenching by the SWNT. Unchanged UV absorption behavior of these materials indicated that they are stable > 90 days at 25 degrees C.
Receptor and Ligand Domains for Invasion of Erythrocytes by <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (1994)

A 175-kilodalton erythrocyte binding protein, EBA-175, of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum mediates the invasion of erythrocytes. The erythrocyte receptor for EBA-175 is dependent on sialic acid. The domain of EBA-175 that binds erythrocytes was identified as region II with the use of truncated portions of EBA-175 expressed on COS cells. Region II, which contains a cysteine-rich motif, and native EBA-175 bind specifically to glycophorin A, but not to glycophorin B, on the erythrocyte membrane. Erythrocyte recognition of EBA-175 requires both sialic acid and the peptide backbone of glycophorin A. The identification of both the receptor and ligand domains may suggest rational designs for receptor blockade and vaccines.
Detection of circulating tumour cells in peripheral blood with an automated scanning fluorescence microscope (2008)

We have developed an automated, highly sensitive and specific method for identifying and enumerating circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in the blood. Blood samples from 10 prostate, 25 colorectal and 4 ovarian cancer patients were analysed. Eleven healthy donors and seven men with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels but no evidence of malignancy served as controls. Spiking experiments with cancer cell lines were performed to estimate recovery yield. Isolation was performed either by density gradient centrifugation or by filtration, and the CTCs were labelled with monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins 7/8 and either AUA1 (against EpCam) or anti-PSA. The slides were analysed with the Ikoniscope robotic fluorescence microscope imaging system. Spiking experiments showed that less than one epithelial cell per millilitre of blood could be detected, and that fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) could identify chromosomal abnormalities in these cells. No positive cells were detected in the 11 healthy control samples. Circulating tumour cells were detected in 23 out of 25 colorectal, 10 out of 10 prostate and 4 out of 4 ovarian cancer patients. Five samples (three colorectal and two ovarian) were analysed by FISH for chromosomes 7 and 8 combined and all had significantly more than four dots per cell. We have demonstrated an Ikoniscope based relatively simple and rapid procedure for the clear-cut identification of CTCs. The method has considerable promise for screening, early detection of recurrence and evaluation of treatment response for a wide variety of carcinomas.
PINK1 Primes Parkin-Mediated Ubiquitination of PARIS in Dopaminergic Neuronal Survival (2017)

Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin cause autosomal-recessive Parkinson's disease through a common pathway involving mitochondrial quality control. Parkin inactivation leads to accumulation of the parkin interacting substrate (PARIS, ZNF746) that plays an important role in dopamine cell loss through repression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha (PGC-1α) promoter activity. Here, we show that PARIS links PINK1 and parkin in a common pathway that regulates dopaminergic neuron survival. PINK1 interacts with and phosphorylates serines 322 and 613 of PARIS to control its ubiquitination and clearance by parkin. PINK1 phosphorylation of PARIS alleviates PARIS toxicity, as well as repression of PGC-1α promoter activity. Conditional knockdown of PINK1 in adult mouse brains leads to a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that is dependent on PARIS. Altogether, these results uncover a function of PINK1 to direct parkin-PARIS-regulated PGC-1α expression and dopaminergic neuronal survival.
AlInGaAs-AlGaAs strained single-quantum-well diode lasers (1991)

Diode lasers with a strained AlInGaAs active layer and AlGaAs confining and cladding layers are reported. Broad-stripe devices were fabricated in graded-index separate-confinement heterostructures grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy on GaAs substrates and containing a single Al/sub y/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x-y/As quantum well with 0.12<or=x<or=0.14 and five values of y between 0.05 and 0.17. With increasing Al content the emission wavelength decreases from 890 to 785 nm. The threshold current density J/sub th/ is less than 200 A-cm/sup -2/, with one exception, and the differential quantum efficiency ranges from 78 to 81%. A preliminary reliability test was made on a saw-cut, uncoated broad-area device, with an Al/sub 0.17/In/sub 0.12/Ga/sub 0.71/As active layer, that was fabricated without using special precautions to minimize damage and was mounted junction side up. After 20 h of CW operations at a constant current of 1.125 times threshold, J/sub th/ has increased by only 3.5%.<<ETX>>
Efficient Electrochemical Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO Using a Cathode with Porous Catalyst Layer under Mild pH Conditions (2020)

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into fuels or chemical feedstocks is one of the most promising methods for solving the problems of both fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Herein, we report that a CO2 electrolysis cell equipped with a polymer electrolyte membrane and cathode loaded with gold nanoparticles as an electrocatalyst produces carbon monoxide with >90% faradaic efficiency at a current density of 700 mA/cm2 under mild pH conditions. The catalyst layer formed on the electrode had a porous structure that facilitates CO2 diffusion, enabling operation at high current density. Electrochemical CO2 conversion is promising methods for solving the problems of fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Herein we report a CO2 electrolysis cell produces CO with >90% faradaic efficiency at 700 mA/cm2 under mild pH conditions. A catalyst layer formed on a cathode has a porous structure that facilitates CO2 diffusion, enabling operation at high current density.
Priority arbitration with busses (1990)

Abstract : This paper explores priority arbitration schemes that employ busses to arbitrate among n modules in a digital system. We focus on distributed mechanisms that employ m busses, for lg n = or < than m = or < than n, and use asynchronous combinational arbitration logic. A widely used distributed asynchronous mechanism is the binary arbitration scheme, which with m = lg n busses arbitrates in t = lg n units of time. We present a new asynchronous scheme - binomial arbitration - that by using m = lg n + 1 busses reduces tha arbitration time to t = 1/2 lg n. Extending this result, we present the generalized binomial arbitration scheme that achieves a bus-time tradeoff of the form m = Theta(tn to the 1 over t power) between the number of arbitration busses m and the arbitration time t (in units of bus-settling delay), for values of 1 = or < than t = or less than lg n and lg n = or < than m = or less than n. Our schemes are based on a novel analysis of data-dependent delays and generalize the two known schemes; linear arbitration, which with m = n busses achieves t = 1 time, and binary arbitration, which with m = lg n busses achieves t = lg n time. Most importantly, our schemes can be adopted with no changes to existing hardware and protocols; they merely involve selecting a good set of priority arbitration codewords.
Anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies reacting with HLA-la and lb alleles like IVIg as potential IVIg-immunomimetics: an evolving therapeutic concept. (2013)

Healthy individuals have natural antibodies (Abs) reacting to allo-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-la. This could be due to the presence of anti-HLA-E immunoglobulin G (IgG), which was revealed to recognize the peptides shared between HLA-E and HLA-la after peptide inhibition assay. Sera or plasma of multiple donors are pooled to prepare intravenous immune globulin (IVIg). The HLA-la-reactivity of IVIg is abolished when the anti-HLA-E Abs are depleted from the IVIg, suggesting that IVIg contains anti-HLA-E Abs with HLA-la reactivity. Anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; e.g., TFL-006 and TFL-007) generated at Terasaki Foundation Laboratory (TFL) differ from commercial HLA-E mAbs in mimicking HLA-la &-lb reactivities of IVIg, which is known to suppress the allo-HLA antibody (Ab) production and the activated CD4+ T cells. Whether HLA-E-mAbs also have the ability to suppress the production of these Abs and activation of T cells like IVIg is evaluated. Indeed, the TFL-mAbs significantly suppressed the allo-HLA-ll Ab production by B cells obtained from a woman alloimmunized postpartum >20 years ago. Similarly, the TFL-mAbs suppressed HLA-I Ab produced by a B-cell hybridoma. In both instances, the suppression was far superior to that by IVIg. Activated T cells were suppressed by both IVIg and the TFL-mAbs dosimetrically. Furthermore, the required concentrations of TFL-mAbs are 150-fold lower than the concentrations of IVIg required for the suppression.
Proteolytic processing of human serum albumin generates EPI-X4, an endogenous antagonist of CXCR4 (2016)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is an important G protein-coupled receptor. Signaling via CXCL12 regulates a number of important biologic processes, including immune responses, organogenesis, or hematopoiesis. Dysregulation of CXCR4 signaling is associated with a variety of diseases, such as cancer development and metastasis, immunodeficiencies, or chronic inflammation. Here, we review our findings on endogenous peptide inhibitor of CXCR4 as a novel antagonist of CXCR4. This peptide is a 16-residue fragment of human serum albumin and was isolated as an inhibitor of CXCR4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from a blood-derived peptide library. Endogenous peptide inhibitor of CXCR4 binds the second extracellular loop of CXCR4, thereby preventing engagement of CXCL12 and antagonizing the receptor. Consequently, endogenous peptide inhibitor of CXCR4 inhibits CXCL12-mediated migration of CXCR4-expressing cells in vitro, mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells, and suppresses inflammatory responses in vivo. We discuss the generation of endogenous peptide inhibitor of CXCR4, its relevance as biomarker for disease, and its role in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pathogenesis and cancer. Furthermore, we discuss why optimized endogenous peptide inhibitor of CXCR4 derivatives might have advantages over other CXCR4 antagonists.
Laboratory Experience with a Novel, Non-occlusive, Pressure-regulated Peristaltic Blood Pump (1992)

Current blood pumps have potential safety problems, including the ability to generate extreme positive and negative pressures. These problems were addressed in the design and testing of a non-occlusive, peristaltic blood pump. The pump consists of a tubing of unique design (pump chamber) wrapped under tension around a rotor with rollers. The pump chamber design is such that the pump is passively filling; flow is dependent upon the pressure of the blood supply and the size of the pump chamber. Thus, negative pressures cannot be generated. With the outlet occluded, the pump produces the maximum attainable pressure, which can be set by adjusting the tension of the pump chamber around the rollers. The design characteristics make the pump suitable for prolonged use. The pump was tested in vitro for pressure safety, hemolysis, and durability. The pump prototype was used in 25 experiments involving extracorporeal circulation on sheep, with an average duration of approximately 6 hr and bypass flow rates between 0.5 and 2.0 L/min. No pump related complications occurred in any of these experiments. The pump described here is suitable for short- and long-term perfusion applications, and does not require additional pressure regulation, as do current blood pumps.
The Role of Ti Capping Layer in HfO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>-Based RRAM Devices (2014)

In this letter, we examine the role of the Ti capping layer in HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices on the memory performance. It is found that with a thicker Ti capping layer, the fresh device initial leakage current increases and as a result, the forming voltage decreases. In addition, with a thin Ti layer of <;3 nm (on top of 8-nm HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ), there is no resistive switching, while by inserting a thicker Ti layer of 10 nm, the memory window enlarges to about two orders. Very good uniformity has also been observed in thick Ti capping devices, demonstrating the effectiveness in RRAM device engineering. It is believed that the Ti layer serves as an oxygen reservoir, by extracting oxygen during device formation and electrical forming process and facilitates resistive switching thereafter.
An HTTP/2 push-based approach for SVC adaptive streaming (2016)

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is the de facto standard for over-the-top video streaming. In HAS, video content is encoded at multiple quality levels and temporally divided into multiple segments. The client can select the quality level for every video segment, allowing smoother playback and a better Quality of Experience (QoE). Although results are promising, current solutions often suffer from high round-trip time (RTT) cycles in mobile networks. This is especially true for scalable video coding (SVC), where multiple requests are required to retrieve a single video segment. Meanwhile, the IETF has standardized the HTTP/2 protocol since February 2015, providing new features that allow a reduction of the page load time in Web browsing. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on HTTP/2's server push feature to actively push the base layer of live, SVC-encoded content from server to client. This allows to eliminate one RTT cycle for every video segment, which has a significant impact on the user's QoE. Evaluating the proposed approach, we show that compared with HTTP/1.1, an improvement of 65.42% can be achieved for the average video quality in high-RTT networks. Compared to an AVC-based solution, the freeze frequency and duration are reduced by 54.55% and 53.06% respectively, while the loss in video quality is limited to 4.51%. Since playout freezes should be avoided at the cost of a lower video quality, we conclude that the proposed approach beneficially impacts the user's QoE.
Derivatives of 1-naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride for standardization of direct-bilirubin assays done with the Technicon "SMAC". (1976)

The Jendrassik--Groff assay for direct bilirubin was adapted for analysis rates of 150/h on the Technicon "SMAC" continuous-flow analyzer. This requires development of a standard that is compatible with the other 19 channels on this analyzer. N-1-Naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride has been used for standardization of direct bilirubin assays, but we found it to be unsuitable because values for potassium are falsely elevated when potassium is determined with a valinomycin ion-selective electrode. This interference can be eliminated by alkylating the aliphatic amine group in the standard. The resulting compounds undergo the coupling reaction in the same way as the original compound and function equally well as standards for the direct bilirubin reaction. The only limitation of these analogs is their decreased solubility at physiological pH in some cases. Thus only certain alkyl groups are suitable.
RESEARCH ON LANE-TRACKING CONTROL (2000)

Most of the studies done on lane-tracking control have used the steering angle as the control system input. There are only a few reports of research on methods that use steering torque as the control input. In operating a vehicle, especially at high speed, drivers do not hold the steering wheel with such strong restraining force that there is no deviation of the steering wheel angle. For instance, a person in the front passenger's seat can easily intervene in the steering process while the driver is holding the steering wheel. From this example, it is inferred that drivers control their vehicles mainly on the basis of steering torque, especially in high-speed cruising. In this connection, the development of a lane-tracking control system based on steering torque would also allow the construction of a steering assist system, in addition to enabling automated driving. Since the machine would fulfil the role normally discharged by the driver, the latter would only have to perform intervention steering as needed, in a manner similar to a front-seat passenger. This paper compares two lane-tracking control procedures, one using the steering angle as the control input and the other using steering torque as the input. This comparison will make clear the characteristics of both approaches. While steering angle control provides superior robustness, the control system configuration does not allow the driver to intervene in the steering process. In contrast, steering torque control provides some degree of freedom for allowing the driver to steer even during the control process, thus offering the potential for the provision of a steering assist mechanism. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.
Discovery of Novel Multifunctional Ligands with μ/δ Opioid Agonist/Neurokinin-1 (NK1) Antagonist Activities for the Treatment of Pain (2015)

Multifunctional ligands with agonist bioactivities at μ/δ opioid receptors (MOR/DOR) and antagonist bioactivity at the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) have been designed and synthesized. These peptide-based ligands are anticipated to produce better biological profiles (e.g., higher analgesic effect with significantly less adverse side effects) compared to those of existing drugs and to deliver better synergistic effects than coadministration of a mixture of multiple drugs. A systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has been conducted to find multifunctional ligands with desired activities at three receptors. It has been found that introduction of Dmt (2,6-dimethyl-tyrosine) at the first position and NMePhe at the fourth position (ligand 3: H-Dmt-d-Ala-Gly-NMePhe-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) displays binding as well as functional selectivity for MOR over DOR while maintaining efficacy, potency, and antagonist activity at the NK1R. Dmt at the first position with Phe(4-F) at the fourth position (ligand 5: H-Dmt-d-Ala-Gly-Phe(4-F)-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) exhibits balanced binding affinities at MOR and DOR though it has higher agonist activity at DOR over MOR. This study has led to the discovery of several novel ligands including 3 and 5 with excellent in vitro biological activity profiles. Metabolic stability studies in rat plasma with ligands 3, 5, and 7 (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe(4-F)-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) showed that their stability depends on modifications at the first and fourth positions (3: T1/2 > 24 h; 5: T1/2 ≈ 6 h; 7: T1/2 > 2 h). Preliminary in vivo studies with these two ligands have shown promising antinociceptive activity.
Gut microbiota dependent anti-tumor immunity restricts melanoma growth in Rnf5−/− mice (2019)

Accumulating evidence points to an important role for the gut microbiome in anti-tumor immunity. Here, we show that altered intestinal microbiota contributes to anti-tumor immunity, limiting tumor expansion. Mice lacking the ubiquitin ligase RNF5 exhibit attenuated activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) components, which coincides with increased expression of inflammasome components, recruitment and activation of dendritic cells and reduced expression of antimicrobial peptides in intestinal epithelial cells. Reduced UPR expression is also seen in murine and human melanoma tumor specimens that responded to immune checkpoint therapy. Co-housing of Rnf5<sup>-/-</sup> and WT mice abolishes the anti-tumor immunity and tumor inhibition phenotype, whereas transfer of 11 bacterial strains, including B. rodentium, enriched in Rnf5<sup>-/-</sup> mice, establishes anti-tumor immunity and restricts melanoma growth in germ-free WT mice. Altered UPR signaling, exemplified in Rnf5<sup>-/-</sup> mice, coincides with altered gut microbiota composition and anti-tumor immunity to control melanoma growth.
46.2: Real‐Time Pen Tracking on Electronic Paper Displays (2008)

Abstract On most electronic paper displays (EPDs), low update rates lead to a poor user experience especially for pen‐based markups. The slow update causes a remarkable delay between pen motion and visibility of the stroke. Even worse, this delay varies depending on the current part of the update cycle. This paper presents a real‐time pen tracking method for EPDs, using a new display driver on an unmodified E Ink hardware platform. This method compares favorably to the iLiad E‐Reader.