gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroluminescence in <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junction using <i>p</i>-ZnTe/ZnS doping superlattices (1992)

p-n junction blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using p-ZnTe/ZnS doping SLs have been demonstrated for the first time. These LED structures emit blue light at room temperature. These heterostructures also provide p-type conduction and are very useful for the carrier and optical confinement. We believe the present study sheds light on blue LDs using II-VI semiconductors.
Developing Parasitic Cancellation Technologies to Improve EMI Filter Performance for Switching Mode Power Supplies (2005)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters have been used for power electronics converters to attenuate switching noise and meet EMI standards for a long time. However, because of the parasitics in the filters, filters cannot attenuate high-frequency noises efficiently. In this paper, critical parasitics, which include both mutual and self-parasitics, are first identified in both differential and common mode filters. Three techniques are then developed to cancel the adverse effects of mutual parasitics. These techniques can effectively cancel the inductive couplings between an inductor and capacitors, between an inductor and trace loops, and between two capacitors. Two additional techniques are further developed to cancel the self-parasitics of components, such as the equivalent series inductance of capacitors and the equivalent parallel capacitance of inductors. Experiments are carried out to verify these developed techniques. It is shown that the high-frequency performance of EMI filters is drastically improved.
Fundamental Investigation of New Iron Ore Agglomerates and Evaluation of Their Properties for the Blast Furnace (1988)

Although conventional agglomerates, such as pellets and sinter, have superior properties for the blast furnace, they also have inferior properties. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a new iron ore agglomeration process that differs from the conventional ones and thereby to improve the properties of the agglomerates. The main results obtained are as follows:(1) Differing from conventional mini-pellet-bearing sinter, the agglomerates, composed of diffusional bonding structures, are constituted from aggregates of irregularly shaped pellets restricted to between 5 and 10mm in diameter.(2) Fine ores such as pellet feeds can be used in large quantities as raw materials for this process, differing from the conventional sinter processes, because they are granulated completely.(3) According to an estimation of methods for the addition of fine coke to the raw materials by the mathematical model, it became clear that the method for preferential addition of cokes to the surface of green balls was suitable because of effective coke combustion. This was verified by pot grate, furnace tests.(4) The properties of the new experimentally produced agglomerates were found to be superior to those of sinter. The desirable properties were considered dependent mainly on micro- and macro-structures and process characteristics.
Sudden Death Associated With Short-QT Syndrome Linked to Mutations in HERG (2003)

We demonstrate a novel genetic and biophysical mechanism responsible for sudden death in infants, children, and young adults caused by mutations in KCNH2. The occurrence of sudden cardiac death in the first 12 months of life in 2 patients suggests the possibility of a link between KCNH2 gain of function mutations and sudden infant death syndrome. KCNH2 is the binding target for a wide spectrum of cardiac and noncardiac pharmacological compounds. Our findings may provide better understanding of drug interaction with KCNH2 and have implications for diagnosis and therapy of this and other arrhythmogenic diseases.
Abstract 2720: The CD47-blocking innate immune checkpoint inhibitor, TTI-621, triggers CD47-mediated tumor cell apoptosis (2018)

Abstract CD47 is a cell surface glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is utilized by tumor cells to avoid immune destruction. Overexpression of the CD47 ligand on tumor cells provides a “do-not-eat” signal when bound to its receptor, signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), on macrophages, resulting in inhibition of phagocytosis and tumor survival. TTI-621 is a soluble SIRPα recombinant fusion protein with an IgG1 Fc tail that triggers macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells in vitro, and potently inhibits tumor growth in vivo. It is currently being evaluated in two clinical studies in patients with hematologic and solid cancers (NCT02663518 and NCT02890368). TTI-621's pro-phagocytic effect has been shown to be a result of blockade of the CD47-SIRPα pathway as well as activation of Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) on macrophages. However, engagement of CD47 has also been shown to directly induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Therefore, the objective of this study was to further examine the pro-apoptotic potential of TTI-621. The induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by TTI-621 was evaluated using flow cytometry and protein expression assays. Ligating CD47 with immobilized TTI-621 efficiently induced apoptosis in malignant T-ALL and DLBCL cells but had no effect on apoptosis in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immobilized TTI-621 or anti-CD47 mAb promoted caspase-independent but PLCγ-1-dependent apoptosis. Under conditions of cellular stress, both soluble and immobilized TTI-621 induced apoptosis in T-ALL cells. In contrast to immobilized TTI-621, treatment of stressed tumor cells with soluble TTI-621 triggered caspase-dependent but PLCγ-1-independent apoptosis. In addition, anchoring the IgG1 Fc tail of TTI-621 to FcγR-expressing cells enhanced tumor cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent and CD47-dependent manner. These results suggest that in addition to blocking the anti-phagocytic “do-not-eat” signal on tumor cells and activating FcγR on macrophages, binding of TTI-621 to FcγRs on tumor-infiltrating immune cells may provide a cross-linking scaffold to enhance TTI-621-mediated apoptosis via CD47 on cancer cells. Additionally, under conditions of cellular stress, TTI-621 may induce tumor cell death directly via binding to CD47 on malignant cells, in a cell-autonomous, cytotoxic mechanism. Thus, TTI-621 may employ multiple mechanisms to elicit its anti-tumor effects. Citation Format: Julia Bershadsky Izrailit, Natasja Nielsen Viller, Xinli Pang, Penka S. Petrova, Robert A. Uger, Jeff Winston, Emma Linderoth. The CD47-blocking innate immune checkpoint inhibitor, TTI-621, triggers CD47-mediated tumor cell apoptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2720.
Optical glasses and glass ceramics for large optical systems (2003)

Schott has delivered blanks for large lenses and prisms since many decades. Glass and glass ceramics objects with dimensions above 300 mm diameter or edge lengths will remain challenges for a glass manufacturer. This holds especially when the quality specifications exceed the standard level significantly. Optical glass blocks of more than half a ton have been produced with outstanding internal quality. Although the manufacturing process is well controlled there are restrictions on the availability of such objects (glass types, long process times e.g.). Implications of the glass production process are presented as a guideline for designers in order to avoid unnecessary time losses. The similarity of the production process of the glass ceramic ZERODUR to that of optical glasses results in high homogeneity with regard to the coefficient of thermal expansion as well as to the optical properties. This qualifies ZERODUR for even higher demanding applications especially when reproducibility in series production is required.
Live Cell Quality Control and Utility of Real-Time Cell Electronic Sensing for Assay Development (2006)

In this paper we have explored the utility of the real-time cell electronic sensing (RTCES™, ACEA Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA) system for monitoring the quality of live cells in cell-based assays as well as for assay development. We have demonstrated that each cell type displays unique growth kinetic profiles that provide a quantitative account of cell behavior and can be used as a diagnostic tool for cellular quality control. The utility of the specific signature patterns was shown by demonstrating the significant differences in primary cell behavior depending on the supplier. In addition, the RT-CES system was able to differentiate cell behavior depending on the passage stage of the cells. The utility of the RT-CES system as an assay development tool was demonstrated in cytotoxicity assays. The RT-CES system not only provides information regarding the potency of cytotoxic compounds, but in addition relates potency to the rate of the response for each concentration of the compound tested, which is important for understanding the mechanism of compound action. Moreover, real-time display of cytotoxicity data by the RT-CES system allows for calculation of real-time 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values or determination of optimal IC50 value. In summary, the RT-CES system provides high content and information-rich data that are beyond the scope of single-point assays.
Flame Retardants: An Overview (2003)

Abstract Flame retardant additives are ubiquitous in commercial products. They reduce fire losses by decreasing the likelihood of ignition and the rate of heat release of the products in which they are compounded. This article outlines the definition, applications, and functions of fire retardant additives. It also presents the classes of these chemicals and their market presence and risks.
Static fault analysis for resilient System-on-Chip design (2015)

As a process technology is scaling, a reliability problem that may cause a failure in the functionality of the digital circuit becomes an important issue in System-on-Chip (SoC) design. This importance leads to the studies on fault diagnosis and tolerance. In this paper, we propose a static and analytical technique for fault diagnosis focused on the digital circuit. Gate level fault analysis is completed in accordance with characteristic of logic gates and error propagation, predicting a susceptible part of hardware. Gate level fault diagnosis can be realized by parsing a gate level netlist without simulation, reducing the verification time. Moreover, our proposal provides an abstraction between the user and the target system for fault diagnosis and helps users choose appropriate fault-tolerant technology for the system. The error propagation analysis with an example combinational logic shows the feasibility of our proposal for resilient SoC design.
A Probabilistic Framework for Content-Based Diagnosis of Retinal Disease (2007)

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working age population in the industrialized world. Computer assisted analysis has the potential to assist in the early detection of diabetes by regular screening of large populations. The widespread availability of digital fundus cameras today is leading to the accumulation of large image archives of diagnosed patient data that captures historical knowledge of retinal pathology. Through this research we are developing a content-based image retrieval method to verify our hypothesis that retinal pathology can be identified and quantified from visually similar retinal images in an image archive. We will present diagnostic results for specificity and sensitivity on a population of 395 fundus images representing the normal fundus and 14 stratified disease states.
Low NO.sub.x multistage combustor (2000)

A high efficiency, Vortex Inertial Staged Air (VIStA) combustor provides ultra-low NO.sub.X production of about 20 ppmvd or less with CO emissions of less than 50 ppmvd, both at 3% O.sub.2. Prompt NO.sub.X production is reduced by partially reforming the fuel in a first combustion stage to CO and H.sub.2. This is achieved in the first stage by operating with a fuel rich mixture, and by recirculating partially oxidized combustion products, with control over stoichiometry, recirculation rate and residence time. Thermal NO.sub.X production is reduced in the first stage by reducing the occurrence of high temperature combustion gas regions. This is achieved by providing the first stage burner with a thoroughly pre-mixed fuel/oxidant composition, and by recirculating part of the combustion products to further mix the gases and provide a more uniform temperature in the first stage. In a second stage combustor thermal NO.sub.X production is controlled by inducing a large flow of flue gas recirculation in the second stage combustion zone to minimize the ultimate temperature of the flame. One or both of the first and second stage burners can be cooled to further reduce the combustion temperature and to improve the recirculation efficiency. Both of these factors tend to reduce production of NO.sub.X.
New lighting for the design of high quality biomedical devices (2009)

Light is a powerful tool for the life sciences. High intensity, low cost light engines are therefore essential to the design and proliferation of new bioanalytical instruments, medical devices and miniaturized analyzers. Lumencor has developed an inexpensive lighting solution, uniquely well suited to the production of safe, effective, commercial life science devices. Lumencor’s proprietary technology provides powerful, pure, stable, inexpensive light across the UV-Vis-IR. Light engines are designed to directly replace the entire configuration of light management components with a single, simple unit. Multicolor prototypes will be discussed and their performance capabilities disclosed.
A solar blind, hybrid III-nitride/silicon, ultraviolet avalanche photodiode (1999)

A novel, hybrid III-Nitride/Si, ultraviolet (UV) avalanche photodiode (APD) is proposed. The device combines the favorable short wavelength interband absorption properties of the direct bandgap III-Nitride material with the unique impact ionization characteristics of silicon. Solar blind response is achieved through optical isolation of the multiplication region of the device.
Virtual Gas Turbine: Pre-Processing and Numerical Simulations (2016)

The design process of a gas turbine engine involves interrelated multi-disciplinary and multi-fidelity designs of engine components. Traditional component-based design process is not always able to capture the complicated physical phenomenon caused by component interactions. It is likely that such interactions are not resolved until hardware is built and tests are conducted. Component interactions can be captured by assembling all these components into one computational model. Nowadays, numerical solvers are fairly easy to use and the most time-consuming (in terms of man-hours) step for large scale gas turbine simulations is the preprocessing process. In this paper, a method is proposed to reduce its time-cost and make large scale gas turbine numerical simulations affordable in the design process. The method is based on a novel featured-based in-house geometry database. It allows the meshing modules to not only extract geometrical shapes of a computational model and additional attributes attached to the geometrical shapes as well, such as rotational frames, boundary types, materials, etc. This will considerably reduce the time-cost in setting up the boundary conditions for the models in a correct and consistent manner. Furthermore, since all the geometrical modules access to the same geometrical database, geometrical consistency is satisfied implicitly. This will remove the time-consuming process of checking possible mismatching in geometrical models when many components are present. The capability of the proposed method is demonstrated by meshing the whole gas path of a modern three-shaft engine and the Reynold’s Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation of the whole gas path.
Antimalarial activity of new dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 5. Sugar analogs. (1992)

A series of dihydroartemisinin derivatives containing a sugar moiety was prepared in the search for analogues with good water solubility and high antimalarial activity. The preparation of the new compounds was achieved by treatment of dihydroartemisinin (2) with chlorotrimethylsilane in pyridine solution at -10 degrees C to give a nearly quantitative yield of 10-O-(trimethylsilyl)dihydroartemisinin (3), which was then condensed with 1-hydroxypolyacetylated sugars 5 to give dihydroartemisinin derivatives 7a-d. Deacetylation of intermediates 7 gave the desired sugar derivatives 8. The resulting derivatives, tested in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum, were found to be more effective against W-2 than D-6 clones and were not cross-resistant with existing antimalarials. Trimethylsilylated compound 3 is more effective than derivatives 7a-d, which possess activity comparable to or better than that of artemisinin itself. Deacetylated compounds 8a-d were substantially less active than 7 in both cell lines. In P. berghei-infected mice, 7a-c showed 5/5, 2/5, and 3/5 cures, respectively, at 320 mg/kg per day x 3, whereas 7d showed no activity at the same dosage. However, 7d did prolong the life span in 3/5 of the infected mice at 640 mg/kg per day x 3 dose level. Trimethylsilylated compound 3 was also the most effective among the compounds studied, with 5/5 cures at 80 mg/kg per day x 3. The deacetylated sugar derivatives 8a-d showed only slight in vivo antimalarial activity.
Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque with <sup>64</sup>Cu-Labeled Natriuretic Peptide and PET (2009)

We demonstrated that (64)Cu-DOTA-C-ANF is a promising candidate tracer for in vivo PET of NPR-Cs on atherosclerotic plaques.
<title>A Vacuum Solar Thermal Collector With Optimal Concentration</title> (1977)

Space heat, hot water, air conditioning and process heat utilize more than 40% of U. S. energy consumption. These uses provide the greatest opportunity for solar energy to contribute significantly to the U. S. and world energy needs. In order to compete economically with other energy sources for these uses and also achieve the higher operating temperatures required for air conditioning and process heat (up to - 200°C), a solar collector must have low energy loss and low cost. Low loss requires vacuum to eliminate conduction and convection losses, and concentration onto a selective absorber to minimize radiation loss. Optimum concentration, or minimum ratio of absorbing surface area to collecting area, requires Winston concentration. The apparent motion of the sun indicates the use of cylindrical concentration with axis east-west. A series of arguments leading to optimum performance at near minimum cost indicate the collector should be of all glass tubular construction. A mirror coating on side and bottom inside surfaces provides concentration onto an internal glass tube coated with selective absorber. The window is only slightly convex to withstand atmospheric pressure while keeping reflection losses low. Heat transfer calculations, which are used to minimize losses help fix the collector length and width. Radiation collection calculations determine the acceptance angle and other parameters.
Rapid Differentiation of <i>Aspergillus</i> Species from Other Medically Important Opportunistic Molds and Yeasts by PCR-Enzyme Immunoassay (2004)

We developed a PCR-based assay to differentiate medically important species of Aspergillus from one another and from other opportunistic molds and yeasts by employing universal, fungus-specific primers and DNA probes in an enzyme immunoassay format (PCR-EIA). Oligonucleotide probes, directed to the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of ribosomal DNA from Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus versicolor, differentiated 41 isolates (3 to 9 each of the respective species; P < 0.001) in a PCR-EIA detection matrix and gave no false-positive reactions with 33 species of Acremonium, Exophiala, Candida, Fusarium, Mucor, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Scedosporium, Sporothrix, or other aspergilli tested. A single DNA probe to detect all seven of the most medically important Aspergillus species (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, A. terreus, A. ustus, and A. versicolor) was also designed. Identification of Aspergillus species was accomplished within a single day by the PCR-EIA, and as little as 0.5 pg of fungal DNA could be detected by this system. In addition, fungal DNA extracted from tissues of experimentally infected rabbits was successfully amplified and identified using the PCR-EIA system. This method is simple, rapid, and sensitive for the identification of medically important Aspergillus species and for their differentiation from other opportunistic fungi.
Parametric Study of Hybrid Cooling Solution for Thermal Management of Data Centers (2007)

The power trend for Server systems continues to grow thereby making thermal management of Data centers a very challenging task. Although various configurations exist, the raised floor plenum with Computer Room Air Conditioners (CRACs) providing cold air is a popular operating strategy. The air cooling of data center however, may not address the situation where more energy is expended in cooling infrastructure than the thermal load of data center. Revised power trend projections by ASHRAE TC 9.9 predict heat load as high as 5000W per square feet of compute servers’ equipment footprint by year 2010. These trend charts also indicate that heat load per product footprint has doubled for storage servers during 2000–2004. For the same period, heat load per product footprint for compute servers has tripled. Amongst the systems that are currently available and being shipped, many racks exceed 20kW. Such high heat loads have raised concerns over limits of air cooling of data centers similar to air cooling of microprocessors. A hybrid cooling strategy that incorporates liquid cooling along with air cooling can be very efficient in these situations. A parametric study of such solution is presented in this paper. A representative data center with 40 racks is modeled using commercially available CFD code. The variation in rack inlet temperature due to tile openings, underfloor plenum depths is reported.
Quarter-rate LDPC code and its truncated performance for the cloud transmission (2013)

This paper explains the structure of a newly designed quarter-rate low density parity check (LDPC) code for the cloud transmission system, and presents its truncated performance under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Since new quarter-rate LDPC code has fountain code's property, at the receiver, it can be decoded with truncated codeword for power saving and less latency under high signal to noise ratio (SNR) regions. By computer simulation, the truncated LDPC code shows the same or worse performance compared with the dedicated DVB-T2/S2 LDPC code.
Ferrocins, new iron-containing peptide antibiotics produced by bacteria. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological activity. (1993)

A Gram-negative bacterium was found to produce new iron-containing peptide antibiotics, ferrocins A, B, C and D, and the producing bacterium was characterized and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens YK-310. These new antibiotics showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. Although the ferrocins showed similar antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the standard assay media, they showed strong therapeutic effects selectively against P. aeruginosa in experimentally infected mice.