gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase Modulation Depth Evaluation and Correction Technique for the PGC Demodulation Scheme in Fiber-Optic Interferometric Sensors (2017)

Phase generated carrier (PGC) demodulation schemes are widely used in fiber-optic interferometric sensors. Basic PGC schemes required the certain value of the phase modulation depth to work properly. In this paper, a novel phase modulation depth evaluation and correction technique for PGC demodulation schemes based on the integral control feedback is presented. The proposed scheme provides the phase modulation depth stabilization to the certain predefined optimal value. Detailed theoretical analysis and mathematical modeling of the proposed scheme and the PGC-Atan demodulation scheme were performed to estimate their required parameters. The suggested technique with the PGC-Atan demodulation scheme was implemented in the field-programmable gate array-based electronic processing circuit of the single interferometric fiber Bragg grating sensor. Experimental results are consistent with theoretical analysis and the proposed scheme provides real-time stabilization of the phase modulation depth to its optimal value 2.63 rad with the standard deviation less than 5 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sub> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> rad.
Multivariate Calibration (1982)

Summary A set of q responses Y = (Y 1 ,…, Yq)T are determined by a set of p explanatory variables x = (X 1,…, Xp)T. A set of l observed vectors Y are available at a single unknown x and it is desired to draw inferences about this unknown vector X. In order to do this calibrating data is available jointly on (Y, X) where two situations are distinguished (i), x is controlled, (ii) x is random. Using orthodox sampling theory on the one hand and Bayesian methods on the other hand point estimators and confidence regions are derived and contrasted. A procedure for selection of a subset of responses is given. Finally a comparison is made of the methods on data from (a) a random calibration experiment of wheat quality using an infrared spectrometer and (b) a controlled experiment of point finish.
Accumulation of Macrophage-Like Cells Expressing NG2 Proteoglycan and Iba1 in Ischemic Core of Rat Brain after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2007)

Although neurons and glia inevitably undergo degeneration in the core of ischemic lesions, many cells, particularly immune cells, infiltrate the core and survive in it. Such infiltrating cells may play certain roles in the regeneration and repair of damaged brain tissues. In this study, we characterized macrophage-like cells that accumulated in the ischemic core of a rat brain whose right middle cerebral artery was transiently occluded for 90 mins. Many of the accumulated macrophage-like cells expressed Iba1, a marker of macrophages/microglia, as well as NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2), which has been recognized as a marker of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Such macrophage-like cells were termed BINCs (brain Iba1(+)/NG2(+) cells) to distinguish them from NG2(-)/Iba1(+) or NG2(+)/Iba1(-) cells that were also present in the perilesion and the contralateral hemisphere. Electron microscopy showed the localization of NG2 along the plasma membrane of cells that had many phagosomes and irregular-shaped or reniform heterochromatin-rich nuclei, which are characteristics of monocytes/macrophages. Brain Iba1(+)/NG2(+) cells were highly proliferative and their number peaked at 7 days post-reperfusion. An immunoblot analysis of NG2 revealed the presence of two NG2s: one expressed by BINCs with a molecular weight of 300 kDa, and the other found in the contralateral hemisphere with a molecular weight of 290 kDa. Taken the various functions of NG2, BINCs may be involved in not only phagocytosis of degenerated cells but also the healing and regeneration of lesion cores.
Thermodynamic and Strain Effects in the Competition between 5-Exo-dig and 6-Endo-dig Cyclizations of Vinyl and Aryl Radicals (2005)

Electronic and structural factors controlling the competition between 5-exo-dig and 6-endo-dig cyclizations of sp2-radicals were analyzed using a combination of available experimental data and computation. Although the stereoelectronically favored 5-exo pathways usually has the lower activation energy, formation of a new aromatic ring not only makes the 6-endo process favorable thermodynamically in conjugated systems but also lowers its activation barrier to the extent where the 5-exo/6-endo selectivity is controlled by subtle factors such as the different sensitivity of the two pathways to strain effects in polycyclic systems. In particular, the stronger sensitivity of the 5-exo pathway to strain leads to a crossover in selectivity. The 6-endo cyclization is kinetically favored in smaller (and strained) cycles, whereas the 5-exo cyclization has lower barriers in the larger rings.
Biologically active glycosides from asteroidea, XVIII. <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR spectroscopy and biological activities of polyhydroxylated steroids from the starfish <i>Asterina pectinifera</i> Müller et Troschel (1988)

Abstract The acetates of polyhydroxylated steroids obtained from the starfish Asterina pectinifera Müller et Troschel were studied by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy. The 1 H‐NMR spectra of five kinds of acetates of polyhydroxylated cholestanes were measured in deuteriochloroform and deuteriopyridine solutions and then compared. Marked differences were observed between the spectra obtained in both solvents. The spectra in deuteriopyridine were more useful than those in deuteriochloroform in providing information on the structure of the parent polyhydroxylated cholestanes. The isolation and structures of the two new polyhydroxylated cholestanes 1 and 8 are also described. Moreover, the antitumor activities of some polyhydroxylated steroids from this starfish were examined.
Review of α-nucleosides: from discovery, synthesis to properties and potential applications (2019)

Nucleic acids play an important role in the genetic process of organisms; nucleosides, the building block of nucleic acids, typically exist in nature in a β configuration. As an anomer of β-nucleoside, α-nucleoside is extremely rare in nature. Because of their unique and interesting properties such as high stability, specific parallel double-stranded structure and some other biochemical properties, α-nucleosides have attracted wide attention. Various methods including but not limited to the mercuri procedure, fusion reaction and Vorbrüggen glycosylation have been used to synthesize α-nucleosides and their derivatives. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no review that has summarized these works. Therefore, we systematically review the discovery, synthesis, properties, and potential applications of α-nucleosides in this article and look to provide a reference for subsequent studies in the coming years.
Cationic latex: Colloidal behavior and interaction with anionic pulp fibers (2000)

Styrene–butadiene latexes were prepared in the absence of an emulsifier using a redox initiator Fe(NO3)3/H2O2. Their positive charge was supplied by comonomer N,N-diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate. At a given styrene–butadiene ratio (60/40) the particle size depends on the concentration of the comonomer and initiator. The latexes are stabilized by electrostatic repulsion, and remain positively charged and stable up to pH 8. At a higher pH, they acquire a negative charge and restabilize. The positively charged particles deposit readily on negatively charged fibers dispersed in water, thus covering the fiber surface. Upon dewatering and drying, the particles coalesce, and the fibers become covered by a polymeric film, which improves the interfiber bonding and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the fiber assembly. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1677–1682, 2000
Analysis of Modal Emissions From Diverse In-Use Vehicle Fleet (1997)

The initial phase of a long-term project with national implications for the improvement of transportation and air quality is described. The overall objective of the research is to develop and verify a computer model that accurately estimates the impacts of a vehicle’s operating mode on emissions. This model improves on current emission models by allowing for the prediction of how traffic changes affect vehicle emissions. Results are presented that address the following points: vehicle recruitment, preliminary estimates of reproducibility, preliminary estimates of air conditioner effects, and preliminary estimates of changes in emissions relative to speed. As part of the development of a comprehensive modal emission model for light-duty vehicles, 28 distinct vehicle/technology categories have been identified based on vehicle class, emission control technology, fuel system, emission standard level, power-to-weight ratio, and emitter level (i.e., normal versus high emitter). These categories and the sampling proportions in a large-scale emissions testing program (over 300 vehicles to be tested) have been chosen in part based on emissions contribution. As part of the initial model development, a specific modal emissions testing protocol has been developed that reflects both real-world and specific modal events associated with different levels of emissions. This testing protocol has thus far been applied to an initial fleet of 30 vehicles, where at least 1 vehicle falls into each defined vehicle/technology category. The different vehicle/technology categories, the emissions testing protocol, and preliminary analysis that has been performed on the initial vehicle fleet are described.
TransportDB: a comprehensive database resource for cytoplasmic membrane transport systems and outer membrane channels (2006)

TransportDB (http://www.membranetransport.org/) is a comprehensive database resource of information on cytoplasmic membrane transporters and outer membrane channels in organisms whose complete genome sequences are available. The complete set of membrane transport systems and outer membrane channels of each organism are annotated based on a series of experimental and bioinformatic evidence and classified into different types and families according to their mode of transport, bioenergetics, molecular phylogeny and substrate specificities. User-friendly web interfaces are designed for easy access, query and download of the data. Features of the TransportDB website include text-based and BLAST search tools against known transporter and outer membrane channel proteins; comparison of transporter and outer membrane channel contents from different organisms; known 3D structures of transporters, and phylogenetic trees of transporter families. On individual protein pages, users can find detailed functional annotation, supporting bioinformatic evidence, protein/DNA sequences, publications and cross-referenced external online resource links. TransportDB has now been in existence for over 10 years and continues to be regularly updated with new evidence and data from newly sequenced genomes, as well as having new features added periodically.
Human machine interface to manually drive rhombic like vehicles in remote handling operations (2015)

In the thermonuclear experimental reactor ITER, a vehicle named CTS is designed to transport a container with activated components inside the buildings. In nominal operations, the CTS is autonomously guided under supervision. However, in some unexpected situations, such as in rescue and recovery operations, the autonomous mode must be overridden and the CTS must be remotely guided by an operator. The CTS is a rhombic-like vehicle, with two drivable and steerable wheels along its longitudinal axis, providing omni-directional capabilities. The rhombic kinematics correspond to four control variables, which are difficult to manage in manual mode operation. This paper proposes a Human Machine Interface (HMI) to remotely guide the vehicle in manual mode. The proposed solution is implemented using a HMI with an encoder connected to a micro-controller and an analog 2-axis joystick. Experimental results were obtained comparing the proposed solution with other controller devices in different scenarios and using a software plataform that simulates the kinematics and dynamics of the vehicle.
Flutter Shutter Video Camera for compressive sensing of videos (2012)

Video cameras are invariably bandwidth limited and this results in a trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution. Advances in sensor manufacturing technology have tremendously increased the available spatial resolution of modern cameras while simultaneously lowering the costs of these sensors. In stark contrast, hardware improvements in temporal resolution have been modest. One solution to enhance temporal resolution is to use high bandwidth imaging devices such as high speed sensors and camera arrays. Unfortunately, these solutions are expensive. An alternate solution is motivated by recent advances in computational imaging and compressive sensing. Camera designs based on these principles, typically, modulate the incoming video using spatio-temporal light modulators and capture the modulated video at a lower bandwidth. Reconstruction algorithms, motivated by compressive sensing, are subsequently used to recover the high bandwidth video at high fidelity. Though promising, these methods have been limited since they require complex and expensive light modulators that make the techniques difficult to realize in practice. In this paper, we show that a simple coded exposure modulation is sufficient to reconstruct high speed videos. We propose the Flutter Shutter Video Camera (FSVC) in which each exposure of the sensor is temporally coded using an independent pseudo-random sequence. Such exposure coding is easily achieved in modern sensors and is already a feature of several machine vision cameras. We also develop two algorithms for reconstructing the high speed video; the first based on minimizing the total variation of the spatio-temporal slices of the video and the second based on a data driven dictionary based approximation. We perform evaluation on simulated videos and real data to illustrate the robustness of our system.
The synthesis of (+)- and (–)-epibatidine (1993)

The synthesis of the alkaloid epibatidine {exo-2-(2-chloro-5-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane} in enantiomeric form involving, as the critical step, reaction or 5-lithio-2-chloropyridine with N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one is described.
Low Temperature Sealing Capabilities of Fluoroelastomers (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The low temperature properties of fluorohydrocarbon elastomers (FKM) have been well documented using traditional rubber laboratory tests such as brittle point, temperature retraction, glass transition, and stiffness by Clash-berg and Gehman methods. Although these tests are considered good indicators of low temperature behavior, these techniques have not proven to be entirely accurate in predicting the low temperature sealing capability of fluoroelastomer molded products such as O-rings.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the low temperature properties of standard fluoroelastomers and the newer improved low temperature types, by both traditional test methods and a recently developed static O-ring testing device. Through use of this static testing apparatus, the influence of several variables are investigated, which include polymer type, compound design, seal interference, temperature, and fuel plasticization of the FKM compounds.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In gaining a better understanding of the factors that influence and control the low temperature sealing ability of fluoroelastomer O-rings, the automotive engineer may design a more robust sealing system. Static sealing devices such as the O-rings used in today's automotive fuel injection and fuel handling systems are expected to benefit from the newer fluoroelastomer types offering improved low temperature sealing performance.</div>
Optical properties of a single type of optically active center in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Er</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>nanostructures (2004)

We present the results of high-resolution photoluminescence and magneto-optical spectroscopy of selectively doped $\mathrm{Si}∕\mathrm{Si}:\mathrm{Er}$ nanolayer structures grown by sublimation molecular beam epitaxy method. We show that the annealing of such samples results in a preferential formation of a single type of optically active $\mathrm{Er}$-related center. Detailed information on the microscopic structure of this center has been revealed from the investigation of the Zeeman effect. Its symmetry is found to be orthorhombic $I$ $({C}_{2v})$ and several $g$-tensors of the ground and excited states are determined. The consequences of current findings for the microscopic model of the $\mathrm{Er}$-related center preferentially generated in $\mathrm{Si}∕\mathrm{Si}:\mathrm{Er}$ nanolayers are discussed.
Abstract 13139: In Vivo Differentiation of Epigenetically Reprogrammed Mouse and Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells into Cardiomyocytes Enhances Functional and Anatomical Post-Infarct Myocardial Repair (2011)

Melissa A Thal, 2011 Finalist and Presenting Author
NAP (davunetide) preferential interaction with dynamic 3-repeat Tau explains differential protection in selected tauopathies (2019)

The microtubule (MT) associated protein Tau is instrumental for the regulation of MT assembly and dynamic instability, orchestrating MT-dependent cellular processes. Aberration in Tau post-translational modifications ratio deviation of spliced Tau isoforms 3 or 4 MT binding repeats (3R/4R) have been implicated in neurodegenerative tauopathies. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is vital for brain formation and cognitive function. ADNP deficiency in mice causes pathological Tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, correlated with impaired cognitive functions. It has been previously shown that the ADNP-derived peptide NAP protects against ADNP deficiency, exhibiting neuroprotection, MT interaction and memory protection. NAP prevents MT degradation by recruitment of Tau and end-binding proteins to MTs and expression of these proteins is required for NAP activity. Clinically, NAP (davunetide, CP201) exhibited efficacy in prodromal Alzheimer's disease patients (Tau3R/4R tauopathy) but not in progressive supranuclear palsy (increased Tau4R tauopathy). Here, we examined the potential preferential interaction of NAP with 3R vs. 4R Tau, toward personalized treatment of tauopathies. Affinity-chromatography showed that NAP preferentially interacted with Tau3R protein from rat brain extracts and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay indicated that NAP induced increased recruitment of human Tau3R to MTs under zinc intoxication, in comparison to Tau4R. Furthermore, we showed that NAP interaction with tubulin (MTs) was inhibited by obstruction of Tau-binding sites on MTs, confirming the requirement of Tau-MT interaction for NAP activity. The preferential interaction of NAP with Tau3R may explain clinical efficacy in mixed vs. Tau4R pathologies, and suggest effectiveness in Tau3R neurodevelopmental disorders.
Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP): 30th anniversary (2021)

International audience
Switching activity analysis and pre-layout activity prediction for FPGAs (2003)

It is well-known that dynamic power dissipation in digital CMOS circuits depends linearly on switching activity. In this paper, we study switching activity in a commercial FPGA and propose a novel approach to pre-layout activity prediction. We examine how switching activity on a net changes when delays are zero (zero delay activity) versus when logic delays are considered (logic delay activity) versus when both logic and routing delays are considered (routed delay activity). Low-power synthesis and early power estimation are typically done on the basis of zero delay activity values, with the assumption that such values correlate well with routed delay activity values. We investigate whether this assumption is valid for FPGA technologies, where critical path delay is often dominated by interconnect delay. We then present an approach for early prediction of routed delay activity values. Our approach is novel in that it estimates each net's routed delay activity using only zero or logic delay activity values along with structural and functional properties of a circuit. Results show that in comparison with zero or logic delay activity values, the predicted activity values are substantially more representative of routed delay activity values.
Potential of semiconductor nanowires for single photon sources (2008)

The catalyst-assisted growth of semiconductor nanowires heterostructures offers a very flexible way to design and fabricate single photon emitters. The nanowires can be positioned by organizing the catalyst prior to growth. Single quantum dots can be formed in the core of single nanowires which can then be easily isolated and addressed to generate single photons. Diameter and height of the dots can be controlled and their emission wavelength can be tuned at the optical telecommunication wavelengths by the material composition. The final morphology of a wire can be shaped by the radial/axial growth ratio, offering the possibility to form single mode optical waveguides with a tapered end for efficient photon collection.
18.1: <i>Distinguished Paper</i> : Novel TFT‐LCD Technology for Motion Blur Reduction Using 120Hz Driving with McFi (2007)

Abstract Samsung has launched a 70‐inch Full HD (1920×1080) LCD‐TV panel which, on a commercial basis, is the world's largest size so far. This size is the maximum that can be achieved using a single polarizer sheet. Its features include 600 nits luminance, dynamic control using LED local dimming, 100,000:1 contrast ratio, and a color gamut of 105%. Also, it is the world's first high speed FHD 120Hz frame rate panel, accompanied by a newly developed pixel structure and driving scheme. This totally new driving method concept includes an alternative pixel structure developed from the 1G‐2D cell structure that we announced last year. Also, new product and design technology, optimized for larger sized LCD‐TV products, was adopted. This technology overcomes severe charging margin requirements, enabling manufacturability and high quality in Samsung's FHD line‐up (40″, 46″, 52″, 57″, 70″).
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer. (2009)

Lung cancer generally has an unfavorable prognosis. For those with resectable disease, the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has the potential to reduce tumor volume, address micrometastatic disease early, and improve outcomes. Randomized trials comparing neoadjuvant platinum-based regimens with surgery alone were able to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of this modality. These trials supported evidence found in phase II trials that utilized third-generation chemotherapies. Still, limitations to these studies exist, such as the inclusion of various disease stages in one study, inter- and intratrial variability of the chemotherapy regimens used, and lack of phase III data comparing neoadjuvant to adjuvant chemotherapy. These heterogeneous factors make it difficult to offer firm recommendations about neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Other matters of contention include the role of postoperative radiation and the concern for increased postoperative complications, especially when a right pneumonectomy is being considered after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. To clarify these issues, well-structured phase III trials comparing adjuvant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy are needed.
Industry and economy of salt in the North of Zambia (Puta, Kaputa) (2004)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published