gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Explained (2017)

The theory and working principle of fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is presented that eloquently explains the mystery behind this new and powerful sample preparation technique. FPSE innovatively integrates the benefits of sol-gel coating technology and the rich surface chemistry of cellulose/polyester/fiberglass fabric, resulting in a microextraction device with very high sorbent loading in the form of an ultra-thin coating. This porous sorbent coating and the permeable substrate synergistically facilitate very fast extraction equilibrium. The flexibility of the FPSE device allows for direct insertion into original, unmodified samples of different origin. Strong chemical bonding between the sol-gel sorbent and the fabric substrate permits the exposure of FPSE devices to any organic solvent for analyte back-extraction/elution and to highly acidic or basic environments (pH 1-12) if required. A sol-gel derived sorbent, highly polar sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol) coating, was generated on cellulose substrates. Five cm2 segments of these coated fabrics were used as the FPSE devices for sample preparation using direct immersion. An important class of environmental pollutants, substituted phenols, was used as model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance of FPSE. The high primary contact surface area (PCSA) of the FPSE device and porous structure of the sol-gel coatings resulted in very high sample capacities and incredible extraction sensitivities for both the compound classes in a relatively short period of time. Different extraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. The new extraction devices demonstrated part per trillion level detection limits for substitute phenols, a wide range of detection linearity, and good performance reproducibility.
Micromachined accelerometer with modulated integrative differential optical sensing (1998)

A novel electro-optical sensing method for measuring the displacements of a micromachined accelerometer proof mass is described. By using on-chip integrated photodiodes, and by modulating the illumination, accelerations at very low frequencies are detected. A 10 µg/√Hz noise equivalent acceleration (NEA) is predicted. Characterisation of the CMOS read-out circuits and on-chip integrated sensing photodiodes is presented. Preliminary measurements on a prototype device are reported.
Structural health monitoring of compression connectors for overhead transmission lines (2017)

Two-stage aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) compression connectors are extensively used in US overhead transmission lines. The connectors are made by crimping a steel sleeve onto a steel core and an aluminum sleeve over electrical conducting aluminum strands. The connectors are designed to operate at temperatures up to 125°C, but their performance is increasingly degrading because of overloading of lines. Currently, electric utilities conduct routine line inspections using thermal and electrical measurements, but these methods do not provide information about the structural integrity of connectors. In this work, structural health monitoring (SHM) of compression connectors was studied using electromechanical impedance (EMI) analysis. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-5A was identified as a smart material for SHM. A flexible high-temperature bonding layer was used to address challenges in PZT integration due to a significant difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of PZT and the aluminum substrate. The steel joint on the steel core was investigated because it is responsible for the ultimate tensile strength of the connector. Tensile testing was used to induce structural damage to the joint, or steel core pullout, and thermal cycling introduced additional structural perturbations. EMI measurements were conducted between the tests. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) of EMI was identified as a damage index. The use of steel joints has been shown to enable SHM under simulated conditions. The EMI signature is sensitive to variations in structural conditions. RMSD can be correlated to the structural health of a connector and has potential for use in the SHM and structural integrity evaluation.
Linear optoacoustic underwater communication (2005)

The linear mechanism for optical-to-acoustic energy conversion is explored for optoacoustic communication from an in-air platform or surface vessel to a submerged vessel such as a submarine or unmanned undersea vehicle. The communication range that can be achieved is addressed. A number of conventional signals used in underwater acoustic telemetry applications are shown to be capable of being generated experimentally through the linear optoacoustic regime conversion process. These results are in agreement with simulation based on current theoretical models. A number of practical issues concerning linear optoacoustic communication are addressed that lead to a formulation of a linear-regime optoacoustic communication scheme. The use of oblique laser beam incidence at the air-water interface to obtain considerable in-air range from the laser source to the in-water receiver is addressed. Also, the effect of oblique incidence on in-water range is examined. Next, the optimum and suboptimum linear optoacoustic sound-generation techniques for selecting the optical wavelength and signaling frequency for optimizing in-water range are addressed and discussed. Optoacoustic communication techniques employing M-ary frequency shift keying and multifrequency shift keying are then compared with regard to communication parameters such as bandwidth, data rate, range coverage, and number of lasers employed.
The new power based approach in pole slip protection (2012)

The paper presents a new method of pole slipping protection which eliminates the need for complicated calculations of setting, thus greatly simplifies the setting process. The new adaptive algorithm uses machine's powers measurements to ascertain whether the synchronous machine is committed to a pole slip. The main efforts have been focused on the development of new protection techniques, which should ensure better (faster and more selective) detection of synchronous machine loss of synchronism. It can operate successfully using results from simulation, as well as from laboratory tests of real synchronous machines.
A 110 nW Resistive Frequency Locked On-Chip Oscillator with 34.3 ppm/°C Temperature Stability for System-on-Chip Designs (2016)

This work presents a sub-μW on-chip oscillator for fully integrated system-on-chip designs. The proposed oscillator introduces a resistive frequency locked loop topology for accurate clock generation. In this topology, a switched-capacitor circuit is controlled by an internal voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and the equivalent resistance of this switched-capacitor is matched to a temperature-compensated on-chip resistor using an ultra-low power amplifier. This design yields a temperature-compensated frequency from the internal VCO. The approach eliminates the traditional comparator from the oscillation loop; this comparator typically consumes a significant portion of the total oscillator power and limits temperature stability in conventional RC relaxation oscillators due to its temperature-dependent delay. A test chip is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS that exhibits a temperature coefficient of 34.3 ppm/°C with long-term stability of less than 7 ppm (12 second integration time) while consuming 110 nW at 70.4 kHz. A radio transmitter circuit that uses the proposed oscillator as a baseband timing source is also presented to demonstrate a system-on-chip design using this oscillator.
High B<sub>s</sub> FeSiBPCu Nanocrystalline Wide Ribbons Using Industrial Raw Materials (2010)

Nanocrystalline Fe-Si-B-P-Cu wide ribbons, with 15-30mm width, using industrial raw materials have been investigated. A homogeneous nanocrystalline structure composed of α-Fe grains with around 10 nm in diameter was realized after crystallization and the nanocrystalline alloys exhibit the high Bs of 1.74-1.82 T, the low Hc of 6.5-7.2 A/m and the low W at 50Hz-1.7T of 0.42-0.60W/kg. Therefore, the nanocrystalline Fe-Si-B-P-Cu soft magnetic alloy has a large economical advantage of low material cost by using industrial raw materials.
Secretory Profiles and Wound Healing Effects of Human Amniotic Fluid–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2009)

Recent evidence shows that amniotic fluid (AF) contains multiple cell types derived from the developing fetus, and may represent a novel source of stem cells for cell therapy. In this study, we examined the paracrine factors released by human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) and their ability to accelerate the wound-healing process by stimulating proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts. AF-MSCs expressed the typical MSC marker proteins CD13, CD29, and CD44 and differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes when exposed to the appropriate differentiation media. In addition, AF-MSC-conditioned media (AF-MSC-CM) significantly enhanced proliferation of dermal fibroblasts. Antibody-based protein array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that AF-MSC-CM contains various cytokines and chemokines that are known to be important in normal wound healing, including IL-8, IL-6, TGF-beta, TNFRI, VEGF, and EGF. Application of AF-MSC-CM significantly enhanced wound healing by dermal fibroblasts via the TGF-beta/SMAD2 pathway. Levels of p-SMAD2 were increased by AF-MSC-CM, and both the increase in p-SMAD2 and migration of dermal fibroblasts were blocked by inhibiting the TGF-beta/SMAD2 pathway. Moreover, in a mouse excisional wound model, AF-MSC-CM accelerated wound healing. These data provide the first evidence of the potential for AF-MSC-CM in the treatment of skin wounds.
A segmented loop antenna for UHF near-field RFID (2010)

This paper has presented a segmented loop antenna for UHF near-field RFID applications. The challenge is to keep the current along the loop in equal magnitude and in-phase. The proposed segmented loop antenna is able to produce a strong and uniform magnetic field distribution even though the antenna is electrically large with the perimeter of the antenna is comparable to the operating wavelength. Therefore, the proposed segmented loop antenna is suitable for the UHF near-field RFID reader applications.
Inducing indirect optical transitions using graphene plasmons (2018)

We show that graphene placed near a quantum-well induces a pronounced shift in the emission\absorption frequency. The high momenta of graphene plasmons reaches the electron's momenta, enabling indirect optical transitions and inducing structural nonlocal properties.
Dense ceramic membranes for converting methane to syngas (1995)

Information processing speed, as measured by elementary cognitive tasks, is correlated with higher order cognitive ability so that increased speed relates to improved cognitive performance. The question of whether the genetic variation in Inspection Time (IT) and Choice Reaction Time (CRT) is associated with IQ through a unitary factor was addressed in this multivariate genetic study of IT, CRT, and IQ subtest scores. The sample included 184 MZ and 206 DZ twin pairs with a mean age of 16.2 years (range 15-18 years). They were administered a visual (pi-figure) IT task, a two-choice RT task, five computerized subtests of the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery, and the digit symbol substitution subtest from the WAIS-R. The data supported a factor model comprising a general, three group (verbal ability, visuospatial ability, broad speediness), and specific genetic factor structure, a shared environmental factor influencing all tests but IT, plus unique environmental factors that were largely specific to individual measures. The general genetic factor displayed factor loadings ranging between 0.35 and 0.66 for the IQ subtests, with IT and CRT loadings of -0.47 and -0.24, respectively. Results indicate that a unitary factor is insufficient to describe the entire relationship between cognitive speed measures and all IQ subtests, with independent genetic effects explaining further covariation between processing speed (especially CRT) and Digit Symbol.
Hydrolysis and biodegradation of the vesicant agent HT: Two potential approaches (1998)

Abstract HT is a powerful vesicant produced for use as a chemical warfare agent. It is a mixture of 60 wt % 2,2'‐dichlorodiethyl sulfide ("HD”; or “sulfur mustard") and 40 wt % bis‐(2‐(2‐chloroethylthio)ethyl) ether (T). Because HT reacts with water to form primarily the alcoholic compounds thiodiglyçol (TDG) and bis‐(2‐(2‐hydroxyethylthio)ethyl) ether (T‐OH), disposal might be accomplished by combining hydrolysis with biodegradation. The half‐lives of H and T in a well‐agitated 3.8% HT/water reaction at 90°C were 1.4 and 1.6 minutes, respectively. The concentrations of both compounds were reduced to less than 1 mg/L within about 30 minutes. TDG is readily biodegradable. However, T‐OH biodegradability has not been reported previously. HBr treatment converted HT ether‐alcohol products to TDG. A comparative study of two hydrolysis/biodegradation approaches is reported here. HT was hydrolyzed (1) in water, and (2) in water then with HBr. Products were used as feed for separate aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), and bioreactor performances were compared. Although both feed solutions were detoxified in the SBRs, water hydrolysis alone yielded better overall bioreactor operation, a more favorable mass balance, and a simpler process than with the HBr step. Results indicated that although the HBr converted ether‐alcohol products to TDG, the HT products were biodegraded with greater efficiency when the HBr treatment was omitted.
Detecting polygons of variable dimension in overhead images with particle filters (2008)

We extend the particle filtering approach to detecting polygonal structures of fixed shape and variable size in overhead images to the more practically useful case of unconstrained side lengths. Our approach deals with multiple candidate sides by validating and clustering particles based on evidence that corners of proper acuteness and orientation (as constrained by the polygon model) might exist. A queue-regulated tracking algorithm that handles multiple candidates across multiple sides is discussed. Compelling detection results in overhead images that involve entire families of polygonal structure are provided.
A Hammerstein type equalizer for the Wiener type fiber-wireless channel (2002)

Nonlinear distortion of the radio-over-fiber (ROF) link and multipath dispersion of the wireless link are the two major factors that limit the performance of a fiber based wireless access scheme. This is especially true when the radio frequency is only a few GHz. In this paper, we propose a Hammerstein type decision feedback equalizer (HDFE) that compensates for both the nonlinear distortion and the linear dispersion. The proposed receiver has notably less complexity because the linear and nonlinear compensations are done separately. This also enables tracking of the fast changing wireless channel independent of compensation of the relatively static nonlinearity. Analytical and simulation results show that the performance of this receiver in a nonlinear channel approaches that of a conventional decision feedback equalizer in a linear channel when, the nonlinearity is memoryless and the inverse of the channel is a realizable finite polynomial.
Mixed-Valence Core-Shell Copper Loaded Silica Nanoparticle - a Powerful Antimicrobial Composite Material for Agricultural Crop Protection (2015)

Antimicrobial activity of Copper (Cu) is known for centuries. Cu compounds are used in agriculture for protecting crops from bacterial and fungal diseases. Prolonged use of Cu as agricultural pesticides is detrimental to the environment due to undesired toxicity issues. In absence of suitable Cu alternative, an effort towards reducing the amount of Cu pesticide release in the environment is desirable. In this paper, we present a strategy to load Cu on the surface of a solid silica (inert) support with high surface area, thus forming a core-shell (C-S) Cu loaded silica particle (CuSiNP). It is hypothesized that Cu coated on an inert support will be still bioavailable and exhibit antimicrobial efficacy. In this design, the core volume of the Cu particle is replaced with an inert material (silica). Since Cu is contact killing pesticide, similar level of antimicrobial efficacy (per unit amount of metallic Cu) is expected from C-S CuSiNP material when compared with traditional Cu compounds. We have presented in this paper two different design of CuSiNPs. The silica core (inert) was synthesized using a modified Stöber sol-gel method. Cu SEM and TEM techniques were used to estimate particle size and morphology. Particle dispersibility in aqueous suspension was measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluated against E. coli (a gram negative bacteria) B. subtilis (a gram positive bacteria) using disc diffusion assay (DDA) and growth inhibition assay. Based on the bacterial growth inhibition (OD measurements), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the CuSiNP material was estimated. Results showed that C-S CuSiNP materials possess improved efficacy in comparison to a commercial pesticide (Kocide®3000 fungicide/bactericide). Plant tissue injury potential (phytotoxicity) was evaluated using ornamental Vinca sp. as a model system. Results show that C-S CuSiNP material was non-phytotoxic.
Determinants of Corticotropin Releasing Factor. Receptor Selectivity of Corticotropin Releasing Factor Related Peptides (2004)

The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) peptide family is an important target in pharmaceutical research. The CRF system consists of two receptors, corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1R) and corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2R), a nonreceptor binding protein, and the peptide agonists of these receptors. The recent discovery of the CRF2R selective peptide agonists, UCN2, UCN3 and URP, prompted investigations into the structural source of CRF1R versus CRF2R selectivity of CRF peptide family members. Data from chimeric peptides demonstrated that amino acids in the N-terminus and C-terminus of CRF, UCN1, UCN2 and Sauvagine peptide families influence CRFR selectivity. Analysis of specific amino acid residues in the N-terminus and C-terminus demonstrated that the presence of a proline at position 11 and alanine at positions 35 and 39 (hCRF numbering) decreases CRF1R activity and increases CRF2R selectivity in CRF, UCN1 and sauvagine peptides. The availability of a large group of selective and nonselective CRF receptor peptide agonists will facilitate the development of CRF receptor selective drugs.
Transformation of Jacobian matrices for noisy speech recognition (2000)

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.
Process For The Production Of Arachidonic Acid And/or Eicosapentaenoic Acid (Patent US 2010/0043103 A1) (2007)

The present invention relates to a new process for the production of arachidonic acid and/or eicosapentaenoic acid in plants through the co-expression of a Δ-12-/Δ-15-desaturase, Δ-9-elongase, Δ-8-desaturase and a Δ-5-desaturase and a process for the production of lipids or oils having an increased content of unsaturated fatty acids, in particular ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids having at least two double bonds and a 18 or 20 carbon atom chain length. Preferably the arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are produced in at least a 1:2 ratio. The invention furthermore relates to the production of a transgenic plants, preferably a transgenic crop plant, having an increased content of arachidonic acid and/or eicosapentaenoic acid, oils or lipids containing C8— or C20— fatty acids with a double bond in position 5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15 or 17 of the fatty acid produced, respectively due to the expression of the Δ-12-/Δ-15-desaturase, of the Δ-9-elongase, of the Δ-8-desaturase and of the Δ-5-desaturase in the plant. The expression of the inventive Δ-12-/Δ-15-desaturase leads preferably to linoleic acid and linolenic acid as products having a double bond in the position 9, 12 and 15 of the fatty acid. The invention additionally relates to specific nucleic acid sequences encoding for proteins with Δ-12-/Δ-15-desaturase-, Δ-9-elongase-, Δ-8-desaturase- or Δ-5-desaturase-activity, nucleic acid constructs, vectors and transgenic plants containing said nucleic acid sequences.
Enediyne Natural Products: Biosynthesis and Prospect Towards Engineering Novel Antitumor Agents (2005)

This review gives a brief account on the current status of enediyne biosynthesis and the prospective of applying combinatorial biosynthesis methods to the enediyne system for novel analog production. Methods for cloning enediyne biosynthetic gene clusters are first reviewed. A unified paradigm for enediyne biosynthesis, characterized with (a) the enediyne PKS, (b) the enediyne PKS accessory enzymes, and (c) tailoring enzymes, is then presented. Strategies and tools for novel enediyne analog production by combinatorial biosynthesis are finally discussed. The results set the stage to decipher the molecular mechanism for enediyne biosynthesis and lay the foundation to engineer novel enediynes by combinatorial biosynthesis for future endeavors.
Process and apparatus for speech privacy improvement through incoherent masking noise sound generation in open-plan office spaces and the like (1979)

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ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylation of Epoxides to Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐δ‐lactones. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Digital‐To‐Frequency Converter (2012)

There are two cornerstones that establish the foundation for the emerging digital - to - frequency converter (DFC). One is on the theoretical side; the other is on the practical side. Time - average - frequency is the theoretical foundation of this device. Majority of DFC output power concentrates at time - average - frequency. Spurious tones are harmful to many applications. Besides converting them into noise, another method in flying - adder DFC is to move the spurs to other locations so that their negative impact can be minimized. For the purpose of gauging the flying - adder DFC’s performance, several measurement parameters are proposed in this chapter. Controlled Vocabulary Terms frequency converters; noise
Improving vaccines against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> using synthetic glycans (2018)

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> remains a deadly disease in small children and the elderly even though conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines based on isolated capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are successful. The most common serotypes that cause infection are used in vaccines around the world, but differences in geographic and demographic serotype distribution compromises protection by leading vaccines. The medicinal chemistry approach to glycoconjugate vaccine development has helped to improve the stability and immunogenicity of synthetic vaccine candidates for several serotypes leading to the induction of higher levels of specific protective antibodies. Here, we show that marketed CPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines can be improved by adding synthetic glycoconjugates representing serotypes that are not covered by existing vaccines. Combination (coformulation) of synthetic glycoconjugates with the licensed vaccines Prevnar13 (13-valent) and Synflorix (10-valent) yields improved 15- and 13-valent conjugate vaccines, respectively, in rabbits. A pentavalent semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine containing five serotype antigens (sPCV5) elicits antibodies with strong in vitro opsonophagocytic activity. This study illustrates that synthetic oligosaccharides can be used in coformulation with both isolated polysaccharide glycoconjugates to expand protection from existing vaccines and each other to produce precisely defined multivalent conjugated vaccines.