gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the full shape of the crystalline lens in-vivo from OCT images using eigenlenses (2022)

Quantifying the full 3-D shape of the human crystalline lens is important for improving intraocular lens power or sizing calculations in treatments of cataract and presbyopia. In a previous work we described a novel method for the representation of the full shape of the <i>ex vivo</i> crystalline lens called <i>eigenlenses</i>, which proved more compact and accurate than compared state-of-the art methods of crystalline lens shape quantification. Here we demonstrate the use of <i>eigenlenses</i> to estimate the full shape of the crystalline lens <i>in vivo</i> from optical coherence tomography images, where only the information visible through the pupil is available. We compare the performance of <i>eigenlenses</i> with previous methods of full crystalline lens shape estimation, and demonstrate an improvement in repeatability, robustness and use of computational resources. We found that <i>eigenlenses</i> can be used to describe efficiently the crystalline lens full shape changes with accommodation and refractive error.
Improving restoration success in mesh optical networks [Invited] (2003)

In shared mesh restoration, a distributed signaling protocol is used to reroute connections from failed service paths to restoration paths upon failure events. However, even when the network contains sufficient capacity, the restoration paths could be blocked for two different reasons: (1) with distributed restoration-path selection schemes, multiple restoration paths may compete for the capacity of the same logical links, even when other logical links have sufficient capacity; (2) multiple restoration-path setup attempts may compete for the same channels within the logical link (the glare problem), even when sufficient capacity is available within the logical link. We propose a hybrid distributed-centralized restoration mechanism for restoration-path selection and a channel-selection scheme that eliminates almost all glares. As shown from simulation in a typical intercity backbone network, our proposed hybrid mechanism improves the first restoration attempt success ratio by 40% compared with a pure distributed restoration approach. In addition, the proposed restoration-path selection algorithm saves up to 50% of restoration capacity compared with the disjoint shortest-path algorithm and 15% compared with a previously published greedy algorithm.
Ultrafast leak detection of hydrocarbons using a 3.3 &#x03BC;m Fabry-Perot quantum cascade laser (2013)

Leak detection of aerosol can propellants by means of optical spectroscopy allows for faster and safer operation, at much lower energy consumption than standard technologies. In this paper, a Mid-infrared (IR) optical analyzer that has been developed for ultra-fast leak detection of most common aerosol propellants such as propane and butane is presented. The performance of the instrument for application in leak detection industry was evaluated by combining the instrument with an industrial demonstrator to detect leaks of hydrocarbon gases of 0.12 ml/min, corresponding to the largest acceptable leak according to UN ADR 2007 directives. The measurements proved that the instrument can detect such leaks with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) better than 18 at testing speed of 500 cans/min. The overall energy consumption of the demonstrator is about 50 times lower compared to current detection systems at normal operation.
Development and applications of active noise control system for infant incubators (2009)

This paper presents the application of audio-integrated active noise control (ANC) system for infant incubators. The integrated ANC algorithm is developed to reduce harmful noise and also play healthy with intrauterine sounds inside the incubators. Real-time experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of integrated system using a Giraffe incubator from GE Healthcare. The noise reduction achieved by ANC systems at uniformly-distributed three-dimensional locations inside the incubator is tabled and presented graphically.
Physical Layer Secure MIMO Communications Against Eavesdroppers With Arbitrary Number of Antennas (2020)

Recently, MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) physical layer secure transmission has attracted great attentions. However, current schemes cannot defend against the passive eavesdroppers with arbitrary number of antennas. To address this problem, in this work, we propose a practical physical layer MIMO secure communication scheme (PLSC) to defend against such an eavesdropper with arbitrary number of antennas. In the proposed scheme, the transmitter first independently generates a random binary sequence as the “key bits (KB)” to “encrypt” (XOR) the confidential information. After that, the transmitter sends the “encrypted information” over the wireless channel, along with mapping key bits to the legitimate receiver simultaneously. The key principle lies in that the KB information is coded in the indexes of the activated/non-activated antennas combination of the legitimate user. Then, the legitimate receiver first observes his/her activated antenna indexes to obtain the corresponding key bits. After that, he/she demodulates the “encrypted information” at the activated antennas, and finally “decrypts” (XOR) the confidential information by using the observed key bits. However, due to the uniqueness and independence of MIMO wireless channel, for any other eavesdroppers who suffer an independent channel from legitimate users, we prove that it cannot observe any information about KB from the received signals, regardless of how many antennas it has used. Consequently, without knowledge of KB, it cannot decrypt any information about the confidential information, too. The reliability and security of PLSC are theoretically demonstrated. The simulation and numerical results fully verified the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Increased Power in Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell: Facilitated Mass Transfer via a Water-Layer Anode Embedded in Sediment (2015)

We report a methodology for enhancing the mass transfer at the anode electrode of sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs), by employing a fabric baffle to create a separate water-layer for installing the anode electrode in sediment. The maximum power in an SMFC with the anode installed in the separate water-layer (SMFC-wFB) was improved by factor of 6.6 compared to an SMFC having the anode embedded in the sediment (SMFC-woFB). The maximum current density in the SMFC-wFB was also 3.9 times higher (220.46 mA/m2) than for the SMFC-woFB. We found that the increased performance in the SMFC-wFB was due to the improved mass transfer rate of organic matter obtained by employing the water-layer during anode installation in the sediment layer. Acetate injection tests revealed that the SMFC-wFB could be applied to natural water bodies in which there is frequent organic contamination, based on the acetate flux from the cathode to the anode.
EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDE-PEPTIDE CONJUGATES ON LARGE SCALE (2001)

The conjugation of oligonucleotide phosphorothioates with antennapedia peptide was studied in detail to allow efficient preparation of the conjugates on up to 15 mumol scale. Under optimized conditions, the use of oligonucleotides and the peptide in an equimolecular ratio gave the desired conjugates in more than 60% isolated yield.
InGaAs/InGaAsp/InP strained-layer quantum well lasers at ~2 μm (1992)

The first successful operation of InGaAs strained layer quantum well (SL-QW) injection lasers at ~2 μm is reported. The threshold current density and the external differential quantum efficiency of 5 μm wide and 800μm long ridge waveguide lasers were 2.5 kA/cm2 and 6%, respectively. The devices had a reverse leakage current of less than 20 μA at –1V indicating epitaxial layers with low defect density.
Integration of IEEE 802.21 services and pre-authentication framework (2010)

Providing multi-interface device users the ability to roam between different access networks is becoming a key requirement for service providers. The availability of multiple mobile broadband access technologies together with increasing use of real time multimedia applications is creating strong demand for handover solutions that can seamlessly and securely transfer user sessions across different access technologies. In this paper, we discuss how the IEEE 802.21 standard and its services address the challenges of seamless mobility for multi-interface devices. We focus on a proof-of-concept implementation that integrates IEEE 802.21 services and a pre-authentication framework, to optimise handover performance in two different scenarios. The first scenario is initiated by the mobile node and the second one is initiated by the network. We present the measurement results for realising these scenarios. Finally, we describe the implementation challenges and lessons learned through this exercise.
A PTK7-targeted antibody-drug conjugate reduces tumor-initiating cells and induces sustained tumor regressions (2017)

Disease relapse after treatment is common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), ovarian cancer (OVCA), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therapies that target tumor-initiating cells (TICs) should improve patient survival by eliminating the cells that can drive tumor recurrence and metastasis. We demonstrate that protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a highly conserved but catalytically inactive receptor tyrosine kinase in the Wnt signaling pathway, is enriched on TICs in low-passage TNBC, OVCA, and NSCLC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). To deliver a potent anticancer drug to PTK7-expressing TICs, we generated a targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized anti-PTK7 monoclonal antibody, a cleavable valine-citrulline-based linker, and Aur0101, an auristatin microtubule inhibitor. The PTK7-targeted ADC induced sustained tumor regressions and outperformed standard-of-care chemotherapy. Moreover, the ADC specifically reduced the frequency of TICs, as determined by serial transplantation experiments. In addition to reducing the TIC frequency, the PTK7-targeted ADC may have additional antitumor mechanisms of action, including the inhibition of angiogenesis and the stimulation of immune cells. Together, these preclinical data demonstrate the potential for the PTK7-targeted ADC to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients.
Box-Scan: A Novel 3DXRD Method for Studies of Recrystallization and Grain Growth (2012)

Within the last decade a number of x-ray diffraction methods have been presented for non-destructive 3D characterization of polycrystalline materials. 3DXRD [1] and Diffraction Contrast Tomography [2,3,4] are examples of such methods providing full spatial and crystallographic information of the individual grains. Both methods rely on specially designed high-resolution near-field detectors for acquire the shape of the illuminated grains, and therefore the spatial resolution is for both methods limited by the resolution of the detector, currently ~2 micrometers. Applying these methods using conventional far-field detectors provides information on centre of mass, crystallographic orientation and stress state of the individual grains [5], at the expense of high spatial resolution. However, far-field detectors have much higher efficiency than near-field detectors, and as such are suitable for dynamic studies requiring high temporal resolution and set-ups involving bulky sample environments (e.g. furnaces, stress-rigs etc.)
Termination of Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias with an Implanted Automatic Defibrillator in Human Beings (1980)

THE development of a clinically applicable, automatic, implantable defibrillator has been described previously.1 This electronic device is designed to monitor cardiac electrical activity, to recognize ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachyarrhythmias with a sinusoidal wave form, and then to deliver corrective defibrillatory discharges. It is intended to protect patients at particularly high risk of sudden death whenever and wherever they are stricken by these lethal arrhythmias.After extensive preclinical testing, 2 a pilot study of this new technique was recently initiated at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. This article decribes the first three patients in whom the automatic defibrillator was implanted to manage . . .
Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion scanning using hyperpolarized helium‐3 MRI and arterial spin tagging in healthy normal subjects and in pulmonary embolism and orthotopic lung transplant patients (2002)

Conventional nuclear ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scanning is limited in spatial resolution and requires exposure to radioactivity. The acquisition of pulmonary V/Q images using MRI overcomes these difficulties. When inhaled, hyperpolarized helium-3 ((3)He) permits MRI of gas distribution. Magnetic labeling of blood (arterial spin-tagging (AST)) provides images of pulmonary perfusion. Three normal subjects, two patients who had undergone single lung transplantation for emphysema, and one subject with pulmonary embolism (PE), were imaged. (3)He distribution and blood perfusion appeared uniform in the normal subjects and throughout the lung allografts. Gas distribution and perfusion in the emphysematous lungs were non-uniform and paralleled radiographic abnormalities. AST imaging alone revealed a lower-lobe wedge-shaped perfusion defect in the patient with PE that corresponded to computed tomography (CT) imaging. Hyperpolarized (3)He gas is demonstrated to provide ventilation images of the lung. Blood perfusion information may be obtained during the same examination using the AST technique. The sequential application of these imaging methods provides a novel tool for studying V/Q relationships.
Magnetic defects in chemically converted graphene nanoribbons: electron spin resonance investigation (2014)

Electronic spin transport properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are influenced by the presence of adatoms, adsorbates and edge functionalization. To improve the understanding of the factors that influence the spin properties of GNRs, local (element) spin-sensitive techniques such as electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy are important for spintronics applications. Here, we present results of multi-frequency continuous wave (CW), pulse and hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) ESR spectroscopy measurements performed on oxidatively unzipped graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), which were subsequently chemically converted (CCGNRs) with hydrazine. ESR spectra at 336 GHz reveal an isotropic ESR signal from the CCGNRs, of which the temperature dependence of its line width indicates the presence of localized unpaired electronic states. Upon functionalization of CCGNRs with 4-nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate, the ESR signal is found to be 2 times narrower than that of pristine ribbons. NH3 adsorption/desorption on CCGNRs is shown to narrow the signal, while retaining the signal intensity and g value. The electron spin-spin relaxation process at 10 K is found to be characterized by slow (163 ns) and fast (39 ns) components. HYSCORE ESR data demonstrate the explicit presence of protons and 13C atoms. With the provided identification of intrinsic point magnetic defects such as proton and 13C has been reported, which are roadblocks to spin travel in graphene-based materials, this work could help in advancing the present fundamental understanding on the edge-spin (or magnetic)-based transport properties of CCGNRs.
Metasurface Based Uncooled Microbolometer with High Fill Factor (2019)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, characterization, and noise reduction of metasurface integrated uncooled infrared (IR) microbolometers. The metasurface allows the devices to be fabricated with the supporting arms positioned underneath the microbolometer pixel. This permits the use of longer supporting arms without sacrificing the fill factor in a focal plane array. The longer arms reduce the thermal conductance between the microbolometer pixel and the substrate. The metasurface also allows the IR absorption to be engineered to achieve broadband or narrowband response. The inclusion of the metasurface is shown to improve the device performance including, primarily by lowering the electrical resistance of the microbolometer although the temperature coefficient of resistance slightly improved. This reduced the 1/f noise by two orders of magnitude over an identical device with no metasurface.
Antimicrobial activity of a C-terminal peptide from human extracellular superoxide dismutase (2009)

The results provide further evidence that heparin-binding peptide regions are multifunctional, but also illustrate that cationicity alone is not sufficient for AMP function at physiological conditions. However, our observation, apart from providing a link between heparin-binding peptides and AMPs, raises the hypothesis that proteolytically generated C-terminal SOD-derived peptides could interact with, and possibly counteract bacteria. Further studies are therefore merited to study a possible role of SOD in host defence.
Surface-micromachined Electromagnets for 100μm-scale Undulators and Focusing Optics (2014)

Leveraging recent advances in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) fabrication technologies, 100 μm gap 400 μm period electromagnetic undulators and 200 μm gap quadrupole optics have been successfully fabricated. Measurement of the electromagnet impedance closely matches simulations, corresponding to 0.135 T peak field on-axis in the undulator and 1400 T/m field gradients in the quadrupole for the initially tested devices. These microfabricated undulators and quadrupoles are envisioned as insertion devices and focusing lattices for future compact light sources.
Alterations in Vascular Gene Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma (2004)

The molecular signature that defines tumor microvasculature will likely provide clues as to how vascular-dependent tumor proliferation is regulated. Using purified endothelial cells, we generated a database of gene expression changes accompanying vascular proliferation in invasive breast cancer. In contrast to normal mammary vasculature, invasive breast cancer vasculature expresses extracellular matrix and surface proteins characteristic of proliferating and migrating endothelial cells. We define and validate the up-regulated expression of VE-cadherin and osteonectin in breast tumor vasculature. In contrast to other tumor types, invasive breast cancer vasculature induced a high expression level of specific transcription factors, including SNAIL1 and HEYL, that may drive gene expression changes necessary for breast tumor neovascularization. We demonstrate the expression of HEYL in tumor endothelial cells and additionally establish the ability of HEYL to both induce proliferation and attenuate programmed cell death of primary endothelial cells in vitro. We also establish that an additional intracellular protein and previously defined metastasis-associated gene, PRL3, appears to be expressed predominately in the vasculature of invasive breast cancers and is able to enhance the migration of endothelial cells in vitro. Together, our results provide unique insights into vascular regulation in breast tumors and suggest specific roles for genes in driving tumor angiogenesis.
Biosynthesis of Complex Polyketides in a Metabolically Engineered Strain of <i>E. coli</i> (2001)

The macrocyclic core of the antibiotic erythromycin, 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6dEB), is a complex natural product synthesized by the soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea through the action of a multifunctional polyketide synthase (PKS). The engineering potential of modular PKSs is hampered by the limited capabilities for molecular biological manipulation of organisms (principally actinomycetes) in which complex polyketides have thus far been produced. To address this problem, a derivative of Escherichia coli has been genetically engineered. The resulting cellular catalyst converts exogenous propionate into 6dEB with a specific productivity that compares well with a high-producing mutant of S. erythraea that has been incrementally enhanced over decades for the industrial production of erythromycin.
Cell Capture: Capture and Stimulated Release of Circulating Tumor Cells on Polymer‐Grafted Silicon Nanostructures (Adv. Mater. 11/2013) (2013)

Combining silicon nanostructures and thermoresponsive polymer brushes, a new nanoscale Velcrolike device is created by Hsiao-hua Yu, Hsian-Rong Tseng, Shyh-Chyang Luo, and co-workers on page 1547. At body temperature, these polymer brushes stick to the tumor cells and capture them with enhanced efficiencies (lower part of the image). When cooled, they release these cells with great viability (upper part of the image), allowing scientists to examine these cells.
1H-4 Use of Acoustic Scattering to Monitor Kidney Stone Fragmentation During Shock Wave Lithotripsy (2006)

It is currently difficult to assess whether a kidney stone has fractured during shock wave lithotripsy. Here we report the calculation and measurement of shock wave scattering by stone models in water. Calculations were based on linear elastic theory to find pressure in the fluid and stress in the stone models, and on scattering theory to find radiation from the stone models. Measurements were made with a spherical, broadband receiver. Calculation and measurement agree well in the time domain and through frequency analysis of detected acoustic scattering it was possible to distinguish between fractured and intact model stones. Cavitation was visualized with high speed photography and was not a dominant effect in the measurements
A fluorogenic molecular nanoprobe with an engineered internal environment for sensitive and selective detection of biological hydrogen sulfide (2017)

A nanoreactor approach based on the amphiphilic assembly of various molecules offers a chance to finely engineer the internal reaction medium to enable highly selective and sensitive detection of H<sub>2</sub>S in biological media, being useful for microscopic imaging of cellular processes and in vitro diagnostics with blood samples.
Recent Advances in Chemical Detection with Chirped Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. Plant, A. Hangauer, M. Nikodem, and G. Wysocki, "Recent Advances in Chemical Detection with Chirped Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy," in Imaging and Applied Optics 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper LW1D.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Protein Solubility and Folding Enhancement by Interaction with RNA (2008)

While basic mechanisms of several major molecular chaperones are well understood, this machinery has been known to be involved in folding of only limited number of proteins inside the cells. Here, we report a chaperone type of protein folding facilitated by interaction with RNA. When an RNA-binding module is placed at the N-terminus of aggregation-prone target proteins, this module, upon binding with RNA, further promotes the solubility of passenger proteins, potentially leading to enhancement of proper protein folding. Studies on in vitro refolding in the presence of RNA, coexpression of RNA molecules in vivo and the mutants with impaired RNA binding ability suggests that RNA can exert chaperoning effect on their bound proteins. The results suggest that RNA binding could affect the overall kinetic network of protein folding pathway in favor of productive folding over off-pathway aggregation. In addition, the RNA binding-mediated solubility enhancement is extremely robust for increasing soluble yield of passenger proteins and could be usefully implemented for high-throughput protein expression for functional and structural genomic research initiatives. The RNA-mediated chaperone type presented here would give new insights into de novo folding in vivo.