gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of IFN-γ in Th1 Differentiation: IFN-γ Regulates IL-18Rα Expression by Preventing the Negative Effects of IL-4 and by Inducing/Maintaining IL-12 Receptor β2 Expression (2002)

Two key events occur during the differentiation of IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 cells: up-regulation of IL-12Rbeta2 and IL-12-driven up-regulation of IL-18Ralpha. We previously demonstrated that IL-12-driven up-regulation of IL-18Ralpha expression is severely impaired in IFN-gamma(-/-) mice. However, it was unclear from these studies how IFN-gamma influenced IL-18Ralpha since IFN-gamma alone had no direct effect on IL-18Ralpha expression. In the absence of IL-4, IL-12-dependent up-regulation of IL-18Ralpha/IL-12Rbeta2 was independent of IFN-gamma. However, in the presence of IL-4, IFN-gamma functions to limit the negative effects of IL-4 on both IL-18Ralpha and IL-12Rbeta2. Neutralization of IL-4 restored IL-12-driven up-regulation of IL-18Ralpha/IL-12Rbeta2 in an IFN-gamma-independent fashion. In the absence of both IL-12 and IL-4, IFN-gamma up-regulates IL-12beta2 expression and primes IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells. When T cells were primed in the presence of IL-4, no correlation was found between the levels of expression of the IL-18Ralpha or the IL-12Rbeta2 and the capacity of these cells to produce IFN-gamma, suggesting that IL-4 may also negatively affect IL-12-mediated signal transduction and thus Th1 differentiation. These data clarify the role of IFN-gamma in regulation of IL-18Ralpha/IL-12Rbeta2 during both IL-12-dependent and IL-12-independent Th1 differentiation.
SIRT1, Is It a Tumor Promoter or Tumor Suppressor? (2009)

SIRT1 has been considered as a tumor promoter because of its increased expression in some types of cancers and its role in inactivating proteins that are involved in tumor suppression and DNA damage repair. However, recent studies demonstrated that SIRT1 levels are reduced in some other types of cancers, and that SIRT1 deficiency results in genetic instability and tumorigenesis, while overexpression of SIRT1 attenuates cancer formation in mice heterozygous for tumor suppressor p53 or APC. Here, I review these recent findings and discuss the possibility that activation of SIRT1 both extends lifespan and inhibits cancer formation.
Skeletal Features and Growth Patterns in 14 Patients with Haploinsufficiency of SHOX: Implications for the Development of Turner Syndrome (1999)

We report on clinical features in 14 Japanese patients (4 males and 10 females) with partial monosomy of the short arm pseudoautosomal region involving SHOX (n = 11) or total monosomy of the pseudoautosomal region with no involvement of disease genes on the sex-differential regions (n = 3). Skeletal assessment showed that three patients had no discernible skeletal abnormalities, one patient exhibited short 4th metacarpals and borderline cubitus valgus, and the remaining 10 patients had Madelung deformity and/or mesomelia characteristic of Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD), together with short 4th metacarpals and/or cubitus valgus. Skeletal lesions were more severe in females and became obvious with age. Growth evaluation revealed that patients without LWD grew along by the -2 SD growth curve before puberty and showed a normal or exaggerated pubertal growth spurt, whereas those with LWD grew along by the standard growth curves before puberty but exhibited an attenuated pubertal growth spurt and resultant short stature. Maturational assessment indicated a tendency of relatively early maturation in patients with LWD. There was no correlation between the clinical phenotype and the deletion size. These findings suggest that haploinsufficiency of SHOX causes not only short stature but also Turner skeletal anomalies (such as short 4th metacarpals, cubitus valgus, and LWD) and that growth pattern is primarily dependent on the presence or absence of LWD. Because skeletal lesions have occurred in a female-dominant and age-influenced fashion, it is inferred that estrogens exert a maturational effect on skeletal tissues that are susceptible to premature fusion of growth plates because of haploinsufficiency of SHOX, facilitating the development of skeletal lesions.
Seamless and Secure VR: Adapting and Evaluating Established Authentication Systems for Virtual Reality (2017)

Author(s): Ceenu George, Mohamed Khamis, Emanuel von Zezschwitz, Henri Schmidt, Marinus Burger, Florian Alt, Heinrich Hußmann Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 26 Feb 2017 Document Type: Reports Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2017 Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) headsets are enabling a wide range of new opportunities for the user. For example, in the near future … Continued
A pumpless multi‐organ‐on‐a‐chip (MOC) combined with a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) model (2016)

ABSTRACT A multi‐organ‐on‐a‐chip (MOC), also known as a human‐on‐a‐chip, aims to simulate whole body response to drugs by connecting microscale cell cultures of multiple tissue types via fluidic channels and reproducing the interaction between them. While several studies have demonstrated the usefulness of MOC at a proof‐of‐concept level, improvements are needed to enable wider acceptance of such systems; ease of use for general biological researchers, and a mathematical framework to design and interpret the MOC systems. Here, we introduce a pumpless, user‐friendly MOC which can be easily assembled and operated, and demonstrate the use of a PK–PD model for interpreting drug's action inside the MOC. The metabolism‐dependent anticancer activity of a flavonoid, luteolin, was evaluated in a two‐compartment MOC containing the liver (HepG2) and the tumor (HeLa) cells, and the observed anticancer activity was significantly weaker than that anticipated from a well plate study. Simulation of a PK–PD model revealed that simultaneous metabolism and tumor‐killing actions likely resulted in a decreased anti‐cancer effect. Our work demonstrates that the combined platform of mathematical PK–PD model and an experimental MOC can be a useful tool for gaining an insight into the mechanism of action of drugs with interactions between multiple organs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 432–443. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ligand-Controlled Enantioselective [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Oxabicyclic Alkenes with Terminal Alkynes Using Chiral Iridium Catalysts (2009)

The first catalytic asymmetric [2 + 2] cycloaddition of oxabicyclic alkenes and terminal alkynes has been developed. This iridium-catalyzed enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition allows the formation of four stereocenters in a single step with excellent enantioselectivity (94-->99% ee).
Fiber laser blanking of coil strips at extreme speed-extreme-power (2009)

Fiber lasers for flat bed laser cutting systems open new niche applications where users can take advantage of their high wall-plug to beam output energy efficiency, low maintenance burden, and a leaner manufacturing approach with the elimination of external beam alignment needs for set-up. The increase in output power of fiber lasers also calls for the right choice in methods and optics. This paper presents developments of special optics and methods at “extreme-speed-extreme-power” [1], for fiber laser cutting and welding applications as well as a case study for fiber laser-cutting of blanks components directly from coil strips.
Synthesis of Software Programs for Embedded Control Applications (1995)

Software components for embedded reactive real-time applications must satisfy tight code size and run-time constraints. Cooperating Finite State Machines provide a convenient intermediate format for embedded system co-synthesis, between high-level specification languages and software or hardware implementations. We propose a software generation methodology that takes advantage of the very restricted class of specifications and allows for tight control over the implementation cost. The methodology exploits several techniques from the domain of Boolean function optimization. We also describe how the simplified control/data-flow graph used as an intermediate representation can be used to accurately estimate the size and timing cost of the final executable code.
Ultra-thin wafer-level camera with 720p resolution using micro-optics (2014)

We propose a microoptical approach to ultra-compact optics for real-time vision systems that are inspired by the compound eyes of insects. The demonstrated module achieves 720p resolution with a total track length of 2.0 mm which is about 1.5 times shorter than comparable conventional miniaturized optics. The partial images that are separately recorded in multiple optical channels are stitched together to form a final image of the whole FOV by means of image processing. The microlens arrays are realized by microoptical fabrication techniques on wafer-level which are suitable for a potential application in high volume e.g. for consumer electronic products.
Naturally Occurring Pyrrolizidines: Inhibition of α-Glucosidase 1 and Anti-HIV Activity of One Stereoisomer (1992)

Alexine, a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid, isolated from Alexa leiopetala, and four stereoisomers, isolated from Castanospermum australe, were investigated for inhibitory activity against the growth of HIV-1. Only treatment with the 7,7a-diepialexine restricted virus growth (IC 50 0.38 mm) although it was less active than the indolizidine alkaloid castanospermine (IC50 0.02 mm). The antiviral effects of 7,7a-diepialexine, like castanospermine, correlated with the inhibitory activity against purified pig kidney α-glucosidase 1 of the glycoprotein processing enzymes and the reduced cleavage of the precursor HIV-1 glycoprotein gp160.
The string edit distance matching problem with moves (2007)

The edit distance between two strings S and R is defined to be the minimum number of character inserts, deletes, and changes needed to convert R to S . Given a text string t of length n , and a pattern string p of length m , informally, the string edit distance matching problem is to compute the smallest edit distance between p and substrings of t . We relax the problem so that: (a) we allow an additional operation, namely, substring moves ; and (b) we allow approximation of this string edit distance. Our result is a near-linear time deterministic algorithm to produce a factor of O (log n log* n ) approximation to the string edit distance with moves. This is the first known significantly subquadratic algorithm for a string edit distance problem in which the distance involves nontrivial alignments. Our results are obtained by embedding strings into L 1 vector space using a simplified parsing technique, which we call edit-sensitive parsing (ESP).
Poliovirus Sabin 1 as a Live Vaccine Vector: Expression of HIV-1 p24 Core Protein (1998)

【The poliovirus Sabin 1 strain has features that make it a particularly attractive live recombinant mucosal vaccine vehicle. Sabin 1 cDNA was manipulated to have multiple cloning sites and a viral specific 3C-protease cutting site at the N-terminal end of the polyprotein. The gene for the N-terminal 169 amino acids of the HIV-1 p24 was cloned into the multiple cloning site of the manipulated Sabin cDNA. A recombinant progeny virus was produced from HeLa cells when it was transfected with the RNA synthesized from the p24-Sabin chimeric cDNA. The recombinant progeny virus expresses substantial amounts of the HIV-1 p24 protein, which was clearly detected in the infected cell lysates and culture supernatants in Western blot experiments with rabbit anti-p24 serum and AIDS patients' sera. Differing from the Mahoney strain, the recombinant Sabin 1 poliovirus maintained the foreign gene stably during the subsequent passages. Replication capacity was about 1 to 1.5 log lower than that of the wild-type Sabin 1. Other physicochemical stability characteristics of the recombinant virus were similar to that of the wild-type Sabin 1. These results suggest that the manipulated Sabin 1 poliovirus can be used as a live viral vaccine vector for the development of mucosal vaccines.】
Room-Temperature Strong Light–Matter Interaction with Active Control in Single Plasmonic Nanorod Coupled with Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals (2017)

Strong light-matter coupling manifested by Rabi splitting has attracted tremendous attention due to its fundamental importance in cavity quantum-electrodynamics research and great potentials in quantum information applications. A prerequisite for practical applications of the strong coupling in future optoelectronic devices is an all-solid-state system exhibiting room-temperature Rabi splitting with active control. Here we realized such a system in heterostructure consisted of monolayer WS<sub>2</sub> and an individual plasmonic gold nanorod. By taking advantages of the small mode volume of the nanorod and large transition dipole moment of the WS<sub>2</sub> exciton, giant Rabi splitting energies of 91-133 meV can be achieved at ambient conditions, which only involve a small number of excitons. The strong light-matter coupling can be dynamically tuned either by electrostatic gating or temperature scanning. These findings can pave the way toward active nanophotonic devices operating at room temperature.
Antioxidant Action of Propofol on Liver Microsomes, Mitochondria and Brain Synaptosomes in the Rat<sup>*</sup> (1991)

2,6-Diisopropylphenol (propofol), a new intravenous anaesthetic, has a structure similar to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Both compounds inhibit the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes as well as in rat brain synaptosomes treated with lipid peroxidation inducers.
The Tight Junction Protein ZO-2 Contains Three PDZ (PSD-95Discs-LargeZO-1) Domains and an Alternatively Spliced Region (1996)

The complete cDNA sequence for canine ZO-2, a tight junction-specific protein, is presented. A single open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 1,174 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 132,085 daltons. As noted previously (), ZO-2 is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase-containing (MAGUK) protein family, a family which includes an additional tight junction-associated protein, ZO-1. These proteins contain a region homologous to guanylate kinase, an SH3 domain, and variable numbers of PSD-95/discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains, shown to be involved in protein-protein interactions. ZO-2 and ZO-1 contain three PDZ domains in the N-terminal half of the molecule. Between the first and second PDZ domains, ZO-2 displays a basic region (pI = 10.27) containing 22% arginine residues. Both ZO-1 and ZO-2 have proline-rich C-terminal regions that are not homologous to other MAGUK family members. Sequence analysis of multiple ZO-2 cDNAs reveals a 36-amino acid domain in this C-terminal region present in only some of the cDNAs. Overall, ZO-2 is highly homologous to ZO-1, showing 51% amino acid identity; however, the C-terminal ends of the molecules show only 25% amino acid identity. This suggests that the C-terminal ends of ZO-1 and ZO-2 have different functions.
Medicare for people with Alzheimer's disease. (2004)

This issue brief presents information about the types of services Medicare will cover for people with Alzheimer's disease.
Site-Selective Modifications of Arginine Residues in Human Hemoglobin Induced by Methylglyoxal (2006)

Methylglyoxal (MG) is an important glycating agent produced under physiological conditions. MG could react with DNA and proteins to generate advanced glycation end products. Human hemoglobin, the most abundant protein in blood cells, has not been systematically investigated as the target protein for methylglyoxal modification. Here we examined carefully, by using HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the covalent modifications of human hemoglobin induced by methylglyoxal. Our results revealed that hemoglobin could be modified by methylglyoxal, and the major form of modification was found to be the hydroimidazolone derivative of arginine residues. In addition, Arg-92 and Arg-141 in the alpha chain as well as Arg-40 and Arg-104 in the beta chain were modified, whereas two other arginine residues, that is, Arg-31 in the alpha chain and Arg-30 in the beta chain, were not modified. Semiquantitative measurement for adduct formation, together with the analysis of the X-ray structure of hemoglobin, showed that the extents of arginine modification were highly correlated with the solvent accessibilities of these residues. The facile formation of hydroimidazolone derivatives of arginine residues in hemoglobin by methylglyoxal at physiologically relevant concentrations suggested that this type of modification might occur in vivo. The unambiguous determination of the sites and extents of methylglyoxal modifications of arginines in hemoglobin provided a basis for understanding the implications of these modifications and for employing this type of hemoglobin modification as molecular biomarkers for clinical applications.
X-ray radiation protection aspects during ultrashort laser processing (2020)

Ultrashort pulse laser processing of materials allows for precise machining with high accuracy. By increasing the repetition rate to several 100 kHz, laser machining becomes quick and cost-effective. Ultrafast laser processing at high repetition rates and peak intensities above 1013 W/cm2 can cause a potential hazard by generation of unwanted x-ray radiation. Therefore, radiation protection must be considered. For 925 fs pulse duration at a center wavelength of 1030 nm, the x-ray emission in air at a repetition rate of 400 kHz was investigated up to a peak intensity of 2.6 × 1014 W/cm2. Based on the presented measurements, the properties of potential shielding materials will be discussed. By extending our previous works, a scaling of the x-ray radiation emission to higher peak intensities up to 1015 W/cm2 is described, and emitted x-ray doses are predicted.
A novel epoxy encapsulant for CSP (μBGA(R))-new hydrophobic epoxy elastomer (2002)

Due to an increasing demand for smaller and higher density packages, Tessera developed /spl mu/BGA(R) technology as a cost-effective solution for chip-size packaging. Many companies including Intel, 3M, Samsung, Amkor, etc. have licensed the technology since 1995. As a current, leading technology for Chip Scale Packaging (CSP), a /spl mu/BGA(R) package typically has a compliant layer between the die and the flex interposer to eliminate strain on solder balls by thermal mismatch of the die and printed wire board (PWB). Historically, a silicone-based encapsulant has been the material of choice for this application. However, for hard disk drive and other applications with zero tolerance of siloxane outgassing, a non-silicone encapsulant having excellent reliability performance is highly desired. A novel 3M epoxy encapsulant with excellent hydrophobicity has been developed for an advanced /spl mu/BGA(R) package platform. The new epoxy encapsulant is designed to meet the requirements of compliancy with good moisture resistance. This new material has demonstrated JEDEC level 1 reliability. During thermal cycling tests, the new encapsulant far surpassed 1000 cycles, both on- and off-board, and survived high temperature aging, as well as 500 hours of pressure cooker testing (PCT). This paper will describe physical properties and reliability performances of the new 3M encapsulant material with emphasis on its hydrophobicity and compliancy. Improvement in reliability trends for /spl mu/BGA(R) technology will also be reviewed.
Expression of interleukin‐12 by adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (2014)

AMSCs could target lung carcinoma and mediate stable expression of IL-12, to play a role in tumor treatment.
Toward the heart of ischemic preconditioning (1998)

Time for primary review 1 day.

In 1986 Murry and co-workers introduced the term ‘Ischemic Preconditioning’ [1]. In this classical paper the authors referred to ischemic preconditioning as an adaptation to ischemic stress induced by repetitive short periods of ischemia and reperfusion. The protective effect comprised a reduction of energy consumption and a delay of the onset of lethal cell injury during ischemia resulting in a limitation of infarct size after 40 minutes, but not after three hours of sustained ischemia [1]. The fascination for this intrinsic protective property of the myocardium has led to a still expanding gamut of research, which was comprehensively reviewed by Yellon and co-workers in this issue of Cardiovascular Research [2].

Three aspects can be distinguished in the process of ischemic preconditioning. The initial trigger (1), that is included in the short periods of ischemia and reperfusion, activates signalling pathways (2), which in their turn act upon an end-effector inducing the delay of lethal ischemic damage during sustained ischemia (3). All three facets have been extensively studied, although the vast majority of the investigations focuses on the signalling pathways. In spite of this, the central mechanism, which results in the delay of necrosis, remains unclear. Therefore, it can be questioned whether the apparently centrifugal expansion of triggers, mediators and salutary endpoints of ischemic preconditioning [2, 3]will at any time lead us to clarify a central effector mechanism. This paper aims at expounding the concept of the central mechanism and critically reviews the still increasing number of proposed signalling pathways and salutary endpoints of preconditioning.

Obviously, the factor initiating protection is operative during the short periods of ischemia or reperfusion of ischemic preconditioning. However, this factor remains obscure. The majority of evidence suggests that it is the ischemia and not the reperfusion … 

* Corresponding author.
Integrating Task-Motion Planning with Reinforcement Learning for Robust Decision Making in Mobile Robots (2018)

Task-motion planning (TMP) addresses the problem of efficiently generating executable and low-cost task plans in a discrete space such that the (initially unknown) action costs are determined by motion plans in a corresponding continuous space. However, a task-motion plan can be sensitive to unexpected domain uncertainty and changes, leading to suboptimal behaviors or execution failures. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, TMP-RL, which is an integration of TMP and reinforcement learning (RL) from the execution experience, to solve the problem of robust task-motion planning in dynamic and uncertain domains. TMP-RL features two nested planning-learning loops. In the inner TMP loop, the robot generates a low-cost, feasible task-motion plan by iteratively planning in the discrete space and updating relevant action costs evaluated by the motion planner in continuous space. In the outer loop, the plan is executed, and the robot learns from the execution experience via model-free RL, to further improve its task-motion plans. RL in the outer loop is more accurate to the current domain but also more expensive, and using less costly task and motion planning leads to a jump-start for learning in the real world. Our approach is evaluated on a mobile service robot conducting navigation tasks in an office area. Results show that TMP-RL approach significantly improves adaptability and robustness (in comparison to TMP methods) and leads to rapid convergence (in comparison to task planning (TP)-RL methods). We also show that TMP-RL can reuse learned values to smoothly adapt to new scenarios during long-term deployments.