gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitive field alpha contamination monitoring for special inspections and nonproliferation verification (1994)

Alpha-contamination monitoring in the field has traditionally been limited by the short range of alpha particles in air, the relative insensitivity of alpha monitors designed for field use, and the difficulty of operating laboratory instruments in the field. The long-range alpha detector (LRAD) described in this paper circumvents these limitations by detecting air ions produced by alpha particles rather than the particles themselves. The LRAD system comes in two configurations: one utilizes forced air to bring the ions to the detector, the other uses an electric field. We have developed successful hand-carried versions of both detectors and operated them under field conditions. The unique characteristics of LRAD systems enlarge the number of potential applications for alpha monitors in the field.
Characterization of a serial array of miniature cylindrical ion trap mass analyzers (1999)

Two small (5 mm internal radius) cylindrical ion traps (CITs) are arranged in series and operated using a single ion source, detector and radio frequency (rf) trapping signal. Ions are trapped in the first CIT and later transferred to the second by applying a direct current (dc) pulse to the endcap electrode of the first trap. This process is facilitated if a second, appropriately timed, retarding dc pulse is applied to the exit endcap electrode of the second trap. Mesh endcaps are used for the CITs to increase the number of ionizing electrons entering the trap and to maximize the transfer efficiency and detected signal. The transfer efficiency is dependent on the amplitude of the dc potential applied to eject the ions from the first trap, the amplitude of the dc potential applied to retain the ions in the second trap, and the period during which the retarding potential is applied. The amplitude and phase of the rf also affect the transfer process. Ions that readily dissociate upon collision have low transfer efficiencies; more stable ions can be transferred with up to 50% efficiency. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correction to Improved Ruthenium Catalysts for <i>Z</i>-Selective Olefin Metathesis (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Improved Ruthenium Catalysts for Z-Selective Olefin MetathesisBenjamin K. Keitz, Koji Endo, Paresma R. Patel, Myles B. Herbert, and Robert H. Grubbs*Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 8, 3300Publication Date (Web):February 19, 2013Publication History Published online19 February 2013Published inissue 27 February 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja3119288https://doi.org/10.1021/ja3119288correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2275Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (132 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Resolution of interferometric ambiguities (2002)

A new technique is described to resolve the ambiguities of wide field of view interferometers. The use of integer fractional baselines minimizes the number of additional elements since the ambiguities of the smaller baseline straddles those of the overall baseline. Finally, synthetic baselines can be obtained by arraying the elements with the minimum spacing. These synthetic baselines resolve any remaining ambiguities.
New, <i>Z</i>-direction anisotropically conductive composites (1988)

This paper reports the development of a new class of anisotropically conductive materials based on magnetic alignment of conductive particles in nonconductive matrix materials such as elastomeric or adhesive polymers. These composites contain many vertically aligned but laterally isolated chains of ferromagnetic metal spheres, the ends of which protrude from the surfaces for better electrical contact. These novel composite structures exhibit Z-direction-only electrical conduction (&gt;1012 to 1 anisotropy ratio), which, in combination with the compliant nature of the materials, can be exploited advantageously for a variety of electronic applications including fine-pitch, area-array, circuit interconnections, circuit-testing, heat sink interfacing, and sensor devices. The movement and alignment of magnetic particles in a viscous medium, and the stability of configurations in a magnetic field will be discussed. The properties of the composite materials as well as potential circuit and device applications will be discussed.
Modeling of Prosthetic Limb Rotation Control by Sensing Rotation of Residual Arm Bone (2008)

We proposed a new approach to improve the control of prosthetic arm rotation in amputees. Arm rotation is sensed by implanting a small permanent magnet into the distal end of the residual bone, which produces a magnetic field. The position of the bone rotation can be derived from magnetic field distribution detected with magnetic sensors on the arm surface, and then conveyed to the prosthesis controller to manipulate the rotation of the prosthesis. Proprioception remains intact for residual limb skeletal structures; thus, this control system should be natural and easy-to-use. In this study, simulations have been conducted in an upper arm model to assess the feasibility and performance of sensing the voluntary rotation of residual humerus with an implanted magnet. A sensitivity analysis of the magnet size and arm size was presented. The influence of relative position of the magnet to the magnetic sensors, orientation of the magnet relative to the limb axis, and displacement of the magnetic sensors on the magnetic field was evaluated. The performance of shielding external magnetostatic interference was also investigated. The simulation results suggest that the direction and angle of rotation of residual humerus could be obtained by decoding the magnetic field signals with magnetic sensors built into a prosthetic socket. This pilot study provides important guidelines for developing a practical interface between the residual bone rotation and the prosthesis for control of prosthetic rotation.
Corrections to "A Quasi-Optical Polarization Duplexed Balanced Mixer for Millimeter-Wave Applications" (1983)

In the above referenced paper, the various corrections are noted.
Simultaneous imaging of dual‐frequency electrical conductivity using a combination of<scp>MREIT</scp>and<scp>MREPT</scp> (2013)

Considering these pros and cons and also the fact that the conductivity of biological tissue changes with frequency, a dual-frequency conductivity imaging incorporating both magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography and magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography in future animal and human experiments is suggested.
Recent development of dihydrolipoic acid appended ligands for robust and biocompatible quantum dots (2013)

Biocompatible nanoparticles have recently attracted significant attention due to increasing interest in their use for biological sensing, cellular labeling and in vivo imaging. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with good colloidal stability as well as small hydrodynamic sizes are particularly useful within these applications. We have developed a series of dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) based surface ligands to enhance the colloidal stability and biocompatibility of water soluble QDs. Modification of DHLA with poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives provided the QDs with extended colloidal stability over a wide pH range and under high salt concentrations, which contrasts with the limited colloidal stability provided by DHLA alone. Functionalization of the PEG termini enabled one to have easy access to the QD surface and construct a variety of stable QD-biomolecules conjugates. A series of DHLA-based compact ligands with zwitterionic character has also been explored to develop compact sized QDs without sacrificing the colloidal stability. Despite their smaller sizes than the PEG analogs, the QDs coated with the zwitterionic ligands still have excellent colloidal stability and minimize nonspecific interactions in biological environments. Recent studies of thiol-based multidentate ligands and ligand exchange methods further improved the colloidal stability and fluorescence quantum yields.
Variable‐rate selective excitation for rapid MRI sequences (2004)

Balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging sequences require short repetition times (TRs) to avoid off-resonance artifacts. The use of slab-selective excitations is common, as this can improve imaging speed by limiting the field of view (FOV). However, the necessarily short-duration excitations have poor slab profiles. This results in unusable slices at the slab edge due to significant flip-angle variations or aliasing in the slab direction. Variable-rate selective excitation (VERSE) is a technique by which a time-varying gradient waveform is combined with a modified RF waveform to provide the same excitation profile with different RF power and duration characteristics. With the use of VERSE, it is possible to design short-duration pulses with dramatically improved slab profiles. These pulses achieve high flip angles with only minor off-resonance sensitivity, while meeting SAR limits at 1.5 T. The improved slab profiles will enable more rapid 3D imaging of limited volumes, with more consistent image contrast across the excited slab.
Electron diffraction and imaging for atom probe tomography (2018)

Previous work has shown that pre- and post-experiment quantification of atom probe tomography (APT) specimen geometry using electron microscopy can constrain otherwise unknown parameters, leading to an improvement in data fidelity. To that end, an electron microscopy and diffraction system has been developed for in situ compatibility with modern APT hardware. The system is capable of secondary and backscattered scanning electron imaging, bright field and dark field scanning transmission electron imaging, and scanning transmission electron diffraction. Additionally, the system is also capable of in situ dynamic electron diffraction experiments using laser pulsed heating of the APT specimen.
Genetic complexity of pathogen perception by plants: The example of <i>Rcr3</i> , a tomato gene required specifically by <i>Cf-2</i> (2000)

Genetic analysis of plant-pathogen interactions has demonstrated that resistance to infection is often determined by the interaction of dominant plant resistance (R) genes and dominant pathogen-encoded avirulence (Avr) genes. It was postulated that R genes encode receptors for Avr determinants. A large number of R genes and their cognate Avr genes have now been analyzed at the molecular level. R gene loci are extremely polymorphic, particularly in sequences encoding amino acids of the leucine-rich repeat motif. A major challenge is to determine how Avr perception by R proteins triggers the plant defense response. Mutational analysis has identified several genes required for the function of specific R proteins. Here we report the identification of Rcr3, a tomato gene required specifically for Cf-2-mediated resistance. We propose that Avr products interact with host proteins to promote disease, and that R proteins "guard" these host components and initiate Avr-dependent plant defense responses.
Replicative Senescence, Aging and Growth-Regulatory Transcription Factors (1996)

Normal somatic cells invariably enter a state of permanent growth arrest and altered function after a finite number of divisions. This phenomenon is termed cellular or replicative senescence. Replicative senescence is thought to be a tumor-suppressive mechanism, and a contributing factor in aging. Three features distinguish senescent from presenescent cells: an irreversible block to cell proliferation, increased resistance to apoptotic death, and changes in differentiated functions. Senescence entails an altered pattern of gene expression, much of which is due to altered transcription. At least three growth regulatory transcriptional modulators are repressed in senescent cells: the c-fos component of the AP1 transcription factor, the Id1 and Id2 helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins that negatively regulate basic HLH transcription factors, and the E2F-1 component of the E2F transcription factor. Failure to express any one of these modulators is very likely sufficient to arrest cell proliferation. Loss of these modulators may also explain many of the functional changes shown by senescent cells. In the case of c-fos repression, the resulting decline in AP-1 activity may be exacerbated by an altered ratio of AP-1 components to a protein known as QM or Jif. QM interacts with the c-jun component of AP-1 and suppresses AP-1 activity. We cloned QM from a senescent fibroblast cDNA library, and found that it was neither cell cycle- nor senescence-regulated. However, QM suppressed the growth of murine and human fibroblasts when overexpressed. Thus, an altered balance between positive factors (e.g., AP-1 components) and negative factors (e.g., QM) may lead to the growth arrest, as well as the changes in differentiated gene expression, that are a hallmark of senescent cells.
Rationale for the Chemical Development of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (1992)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been demonstrated to be a key element in blood pressure regulation and fluid volume homeostasis. Since angiotensin II (AII) is the effector molecule of the RAS, the most direct approach to block this system is to antagonize AII at the level of its receptor. Therefore, at Du Pont Merck the working hypothesis has been that the identification of metabolically stable and orally effective AII-receptor antagonists would constitute a new and superior class of agents useful in treating hypertension and congestive heart failure. Our program began with a detailed pharmacologic evaluation of some simple N-benzylimidazoles, originally described by Takeda Chemical Industries in Osaka, Japan. They were found to be a series of weak but selective AII-receptor antagonists with a competitive mode of action. We embarked on a program aimed to design and synthesize more potent and orally effective nonpeptide antagonists, while attempting to preserve their selective affinity for the AII receptor. The first major breakthrough in our efforts to increase the potency of these compounds came with the development of a series of N-benzylimidazole phthalamic acid derivatives. Although effective at lowering blood pressure when administered intravenously, the phthalamic acids were devoid of oral activity. The first orally active AII antagonists came with the discovery of the biphenyl carboxylic acids. Although these compounds are absorbed after oral dosing, their bioavailability was less than desired. In the hope of improving the oral absorption of these biphenyls, we investigated a variety of acidic groups as bioisosteric replacements for the carboxylic acid. The key to the discovery of nonpeptide AII-receptor antagonists with improved oral activity and duration of action resulted from replacing the carboxylic acid group with the isosteric but more lipophilic tetrazole ring. Hence, our efforts culminated in the discovery of losartan (2-n-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole, potassium salt), a highly potent angiotensin type 1 (AT1) selective receptor antagonist with a long duration of action. Losartan is currently undergoing clinical investigation for the treatment of hypertension. The history, including the rationale for the design of the compounds, and ensuing structure-activity relationships of losartan and related analogs will be described. Many of the newer compounds exceed the potency of losartan, and the best compounds in the series rival the affinity of the endogenous ligand, AII, for its receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Text-To-Speech Using LPC Allophone Stringing (1981)

A low cost voice response system is presented, which performs text-to-speech conversion of any English text. The system is built around an LPC synthesizer chip and a microprocessor. Text-to-allophone rules are used to convert an input string of ASCII characters into allophonic codes. LPC parameters are then drawn from an allophone library, which takes very little storage space, and concatenated using a fast and simple algorithm to produce natural sounding speech.
An architecture for exploring large design spaces (1998)

We describe an architecture for exploring very large design spaces, for example, spaces that arise when design candidates are generated by combining components systematically from component libraries. A very large number of candidates are methodically considered and evaluated. This architecture is especially appropriate during the stage of conceptual design when high-level design decisions are under consideration, multiple evaluation criteria apply, and a designer seeks assurance that good design possibilities have not been overlooked. We present a filtering technique based on a dominance criterion that can be used to select, from millions of design candidates, a relatively small number of promising candidates for further analysis. The dominance criterion is lossless in that it insures that each candidate not selected is inferior to at least one of the selected candidates. We also describe an interactive interface in which the selected designs are presented to the desi...
Evolutionary engineering strategies to enhance tolerance of xylose utilizing recombinant yeast to inhibitors derived from spruce biomass (2012)

Using evolutionary engineering strategies in batch and chemostat cultivations we have generated three evolved strains that show significantly better tolerance to inhibitors in spruce hydrolysate and displayed a shorter time for overall fermentation of sugars compared to the parental strain.
Composite Lightning Rods for Aircraft (1986)

Composite, lightweight sacrificial tip with graphite designed reduces lightning-strike damage to composite parts of aircraft and dissipates harmful electrical energy. Device consists of slender composite rod fabricated from highly-conductive unidirectional reinforcing fibers in matrix material. Rods strategically installed in trailing edges of aircraft wings, tails, winglets, control surfaces, and rearward-most portion of aft fuselage.
A Structural Model of the Staphylococcus aureus ClfA–Fibrinogen Interaction Opens New Avenues for the Design of Anti-Staphylococcal Therapeutics (2008)

The fibrinogen (Fg) binding MSCRAMM Clumping factor A (ClfA) from Staphylococcus aureus interacts with the C-terminal region of the fibrinogen (Fg) gamma-chain. ClfA is the major virulence factor responsible for the observed clumping of S. aureus in blood plasma and has been implicated as a virulence factor in a mouse model of septic arthritis and in rabbit and rat models of infective endocarditis. We report here a high-resolution crystal structure of the ClfA ligand binding segment in complex with a synthetic peptide mimicking the binding site in Fg. The residues in Fg required for binding to ClfA are identified from this structure and from complementing biochemical studies. Furthermore, the platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) and ClfA bind to the same segment in the Fg gamma-chain but the two cellular binding proteins recognize different residues in the common targeted Fg segment. Based on these differences, we have identified peptides that selectively antagonize the ClfA-Fg interaction. The ClfA-Fg binding mechanism is a variant of the "Dock, Lock and Latch" mechanism previously described for the Staphylococcus epidermidis SdrG-Fg interaction. The structural insights gained from analyzing the ClfANFg peptide complex and identifications of peptides that selectively recognize ClfA but not alpha(IIb)beta(3) may allow the design of novel anti-staphylococcal agents. Our results also suggest that different MSCRAMMs with similar structural organization may have originated from a common ancestor but have evolved to accommodate specific ligand structures.
Rapidly tunable CO_2 TEA laser (1982)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. R. Faxvog and H. W. Mocker, "Rapidly tunable CO2 TEA laser," Appl. Opt. 21, 3986-3987 (1982) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Low-loss reciprocal optical terminals for two-way time-frequency transfer (2017)

We present the design and performance of a low-cost, reciprocal, compact free-space terminal employing tip/tilt pointing compensation that enables optical two-way time-frequency transfer over free-space links across the turbulent atmosphere. The insertion loss of the terminals is ∼1.5 dB with total link losses of 15 dB, 24 dB, and 50 dB across horizontal, turbulent 2-km, 4-km, and 12-km links, respectively. The effects of turbulence on pointing control and aperture size, and their influence on the terminal design, are discussed.
Chapter 9. Pathogen Reduction in Blood for Transfusion Using Photodynamic Treatments (2011)

In order to increase the safety of the blood supply with respect to transmission of pathogens during transfusion, pathogen reduction methods are being developed and implemented. Photodynamic treatment (PDT) is among the approaches being studied. One PDT approach, the use of riboflavin and UV light (the Mirasol system) has been approved in Europe for pathogen reduction in plasma and platelet concentrates. It is in clinical studies for use in fresh whole blood and could also be applicable for red cell concentrates (RCC). Other approaches using PDT for pathogen reduction in RCC are described but none is currently in clinical studies.