gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Estimation of Gas Turbine Engine Damage Using a Control Based Kalman Filter Algorithm (1991)

A second generation Kalman filter algorithm is described that has sufficient accuracy and response for real-time detection and estimation of gas turbine engine gas path damage caused by normal wear, mechanical failures and ingestion of foreign objects. The algorithm was developed for in-flight operation of aircraft engines but also has application for marine and industrial gas turbines. The control measurement and microcomputer requirements are described. The performance and sensitivity to engine transients and measurement errors is evaluated. The algorithm is demonstrated with actual engine data of ice and bird ingestion tests.
The Salmonella Effector Protein SopB Protects Epithelial Cells from Apoptosis by Sustained Activation of Akt (2005)

Invasion of epithelial cells by Salmonella enterica is mediated by bacterial "effector" proteins that are delivered into the host cell by a type III secretion system. Although primarily known for their roles in actin rearrangements and membrane ruffling, translocated effectors also affect host cell processes that are not directly associated with invasion. Here, we show that SopB/SigD, an effector with phosphoinositide phosphatase activity, has anti-apoptotic activity in Salmonella-infected epithelial cells. Salmonella induced the sustained activation of Akt/protein kinase B, a pro-survival kinase, in a SopB-dependent manner. Failure to activate Akt resulted in increased levels of apoptosis after infection with a sopB deletion mutant (DeltasopB). Furthermore, cells infected with wild type bacteria, but not the DeltasopB strain, were protected from camptothecin-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and subsequent apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic activity of SopB was dependent on its phosphatase activity, because a catalytically inactive mutant was unable to protect cells from the effects of camptothecin. Finally, small interfering RNA was used to demonstrate the essential role of Akt in SopB-mediated protection against apoptosis. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms of apoptosis and highlight how bacterial effectors can intercept signaling pathways to manipulate host responses.
Endotracheal instillation of prostacyclin in preterm infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension (1998)

Does endotracheal instilled prostacyclin (epoprostenol) improve oxygenation in preterm infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension? Four preterm infants were studied. Prostacyclin (50 ng x kg(-1)) was injected as an endotracheal bolus. In two patients the prostacyclin bolus was repeated and in one patient prostacyclin was administered continuously. Oxygenation was evaluated through the oxygenation index and the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to the fraction of inspired oxygen. The mean arterial blood pressure was used to evaluate systemic circulation. The oxygenation index (+/-SD) decreased significantly from 39 (+/-13.3) to 7 (+/-2.5) and the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to the fraction of inspired oxygen (+/-SD) increased significantly from 47 (+/-13) to 218 (+/-67), most likely related to a reduction of the pulmonary vascular resistance with a reversal of the extrapulmonary shunting at the ductus arteriosus and atrial level. The blood pressure did not change. All effects were reversed on drug withdrawal. Repeated or continuous endotracheal administration of prostacyclin in three children demonstrated a sustained response without tachyphylaxis, and without overt side-effects. Endotracheal instillation of prostacyclin resulted in an improved oxygenation without systemic vascular repercussions in four preterm infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. Repeated or continuous administration showed a sustained response and no overt side-effects were noticed.
Single electron and hole quantum dot transistors operating above 110 K (1995)

Both single electron and hole quantum dot transistors in silicon-on-insulator were fabricated and characterized. The quantum dots were formed using electron-beam nanolithography and reactive ion etching. The single electron quantum dot transistors show the oscillation of the drain current as a function of the gate voltage at temperatures up to 170 K and drain biases up to 80 mV. The oscillation is due to electron tunneling through the discrete energy levels inside the quantum dot. The average energy level spacing is ∼60 meV. Data analysis shows that the discrete energy levels are caused by Coulomb interaction as well as quantum size effects. The single hole quantum dot transistors show similar oscillations up to 110 K and drain biases up to 50 mV. The average energy level spacing is ∼36 meV.
[Development of a continuous blood pressure monitoring and recording system]. (2012)

A small experimental system is constructed with working principle of continuous blood pressure monitoring based on the volume compensation method. The preliminary experimental results show that the system can collect blood pressure signals at the radial artery effectively. The digital PID algorithm can track the variation of blood pressure. And the accuracy of continuous blood pressure detecting achieve the level of same kind of product.
Baicalein Overcomes Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Resistance via Two Different Cell-Specific Pathways in Cancer Cells but not in Normal Cells (2008)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is one of the most promising candidates for new cancer therapeutics. A current problem is that some cancers still remain resistant to TRAIL. We show for the first time that a naturally occurring flavonoid, baicalein, overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer cells. The combination of baicalein and TRAIL effectively induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant colon cancer SW480 cells. Baicalein up-regulated the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) among TRAIL receptors at the mRNA and protein levels. Suppression of this up-regulation with small interfering RNA (siRNA) efficiently reduced the apoptosis induced by TRAIL and baicalein, suggesting that the sensitization was mediated through DR5 induction. Moreover, baicalein also overcame TRAIL resistance with DR5 up-regulation in prostate cancer PC3 cells. Of note, the combination of TRAIL and baicalein hardly induced apoptosis in normal human cells, such as blood cells and hepatocytes. Baicalein increased DR5 promoter activity, and this enhanced activity was diminished by mutation of a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)-binding site in SW480 cells. In SW480 cells, CHOP siRNA blocked both functions of baicalein. CHOP expression was induced by baicalein in SW480 cells; however, in PC3 cells, baicalein scarcely induced CHOP and mutation of the CHOP-binding site did not abrogate the DR5 promoter activation by baicalein. Interestingly, baicalein induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a ROS scavenger prevented DR5 expression and TRAIL sensitization in PC3 but not SW480 cells. These results indicate that, using two different pathways, baicalein exposes cancer surveillance of TRAIL and overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer cells.
Immunostimulatory Gene Therapy Using Oncolytic Viruses as Vehicles (2015)

Immunostimulatory gene therapy has been developed during the past twenty years. The aim of immunostimulatory gene therapy is to tilt the suppressive tumor microenvironment to promote anti-tumor immunity. Hence, like a Trojan horse, the gene vehicle can carry warriors and weapons into enemy territory to combat the tumor from within. The most promising immune stimulators are those activating and sustaining Th1 responses, but even if potent effects were seen in preclinical models, many clinical trials failed to show objective responses in cancer patients. However, with new tools to control ongoing immunosuppression in cancer patients, immunostimulatory gene therapy is now emerging as an interesting option. In parallel, oncolytic viruses have been shown to be safe in patients. To prolong immune stimulation and to increase efficacy, these two fields are now merging and oncolytic viruses are armed with immunostimulatory transgenes. These novel agents are racing towards approval as established cancer immunotherapeutics.
Prostrate cancer. Part A: Research endocrine treatment and histopathology (1987)

In the course of a study of wound healing in four patients with lichen planus, we found transformed keratinocytes with a hitherto undescribed ultrastructure in both wounded and undisturbed papules. We have called these epidermal cells half-and-half cells because they showed changes on the one hand of increased synthetic activity and, on the other hand, of fibrillar transformation closely resembling that seen in fully developed colloid bodies. We suggest that these half-and-half cells may provide a useful clue to the early changes occurring in colloid body formation.
<i>In</i> <i>situ</i> determination of growth rate by pyrometric interferometry during molecular-beam epitaxy: Application to the growth of AlGaN/GaN quantum wells (2001)

In this article, we report on the application of pyrometric interferometry to monitor the growth rate of (Al)GaN in situ during molecular-beam epitaxy. Since the growth rate of III-nitrides is very sensitive to the nitrogen flux, it is important to monitor the variation in growth rate from run to run. Using this method, we grew GaN/AlxGa1−xN quantum-well structures with well thicknesses between 10 and 40 Å. The thicknesses of the quantum wells were confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy measurements and found to be in good agreement with the corresponding growth rate determined in situ during the growth process.
Incident light sensor (ILS) intercalibration. Final report (1996)

1995 at Goodwood Aerodrome near Chichester.Two methods for ILS intercalibration were tested.Intercalibration against an instrument with a traceable calibration was found to be the most accurate due to the rigid configuration of the NERC casi and ILS when attempting to intercalibrate against a
ChemInform Abstract: NEW BROAD‐SPECTRUM ALKYLTHIO CEPHALOSPORINS (1977)

A series of 7-substituted alkyl-thio-acylaminocephalosporins with the following general formula were prepared and tested for in vitro antibacterial activity: (formula: see text). We tried in our research to find any relationship between antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties on the one hand, and chemical structure on the other. The most interesting products were also studied for their in vivo antibacterial activity in experimental acute systemic infections in the mouse.
A 1.8-V 12-bit 250-MS/s 25-mW self-calibrated DAC (2010)

A 12-bit current-steering self-calibrated digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is presented. Mismatches among the current sources are compensated by the calibration scheme, so that the DAC linearity is ensured and the active area is small at the same time. This digital-to-analog data converter was implemented in a 0.18μm CMOS process, and the active area is smaller than 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . After calibration, the measured differential and integral nonlinearity are both within ±0.5 LSB. At 250-MSample/s, the SFDR is better than 71.68 dB when the input signal is 1-MHz. This DAC dissipates 25mW from a 1.8-V supply.
An Alternating Direction Algorithm for Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (2010)

We extend the classic alternating direction method for convex optimization to solving the non-convex, non- negative matrix factorization problem and conduct several carefully designed numerical experiments to compare the proposed algorithms with the most widely used two algorithms for solving this problem. In addition, the proposed algorithm is also briefly compared with two other more recent algorithms. Numerical evidence shows that the alternating direction algorithm tends to deliver higher-quality solutions with faster computing times on the tested problems. A convergence result is given showing that the algorithm converges to a Karush-Kuhn- Tucker point whenever it converges.
Femtosecond laser material processing - how short is short? (2004)

Temporal shaping of femtosecond laser pulses is used for the optimization of laser material processing. We find that the shortest pulse is not always the best in terms of ablation efficiency and quality.
Interpretation of the Correlation Coefficient: A Basic Review (1990)

A basic consideration in the evaluation of professional medical literature is being able to understand the statistical analysis presented. One of the more frequently reported statistical methods involves correlation analysis where a correlation coefficient is reported representing the degree of linear association between two variables. This article discusses the basic aspects of correlation analysis with examples given from professional journals and focuses on the interpretations and limitations of the correlation coefficient. No attention was given to the actual calculation of this statistical value.
Genome-wide parent-of-origin DNA methylation analysis reveals the intricacies of human imprinting and suggests a germline methylation-independent mechanism of establishment (2014)

Differential methylation between the two alleles of a gene has been observed in imprinted regions, where the methylation of one allele occurs on a parent-of-origin basis, the inactive X-chromosome in females, and at those loci whose methylation is driven by genetic variants. We have extensively characterized imprinted methylation in a substantial range of normal human tissues, reciprocal genome-wide uniparental disomies, and hydatidiform moles, using a combination of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and high-density methylation microarrays. This approach allowed us to define methylation profiles at known imprinted domains at base-pair resolution, as well as to identify 21 novel loci harboring parent-of-origin methylation, 15 of which are restricted to the placenta. We observe that the extent of imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMRs) is extremely similar between tissues, with the exception of the placenta. This extra-embryonic tissue often adopts a different methylation profile compared to somatic tissues. Further, we profiled all imprinted DMRs in sperm and embryonic stem cells derived from parthenogenetically activated oocytes, individual blastomeres, and blastocysts, in order to identify primary DMRs and reveal the extent of reprogramming during preimplantation development. Intriguingly, we find that in contrast to ubiquitous imprints, the majority of placenta-specific imprinted DMRs are unmethylated in sperm and all human embryonic stem cells. Therefore, placental-specific imprinting provides evidence for an inheritable epigenetic state that is independent of DNA methylation and the existence of a novel imprinting mechanism at these loci.
Folding Orthogonal Polyhedra (1999)

In this thesis, we study foldings of orthogonal polygons into orthogonal polyhedra. The particular problem examined here is whether a paper cutout of an orthogonal polygon with fold lines indicated folds up into a simple orthogonal polyhedron. The folds are orthogonal and the direction of the fold (upward or downward) is also given. We present a polynomial time algorithm to solve this problem. Next we consider the same problem with the exception that the direction of the folds are not given. We prove that this problem is NP-complete. Once it has been determined that a polygon does fold into a polyhedron, we consider some restrictions on the actual folding process, modelling the case when the polyhedron is constructed from a stiff material such as sheet metal. We show an example of a polygon that cannot be folded into a polyhedron if folds can only be executed one at a time. Removing this restriction, we show another polygon that cannot be folded into a polyhedron using rigid material.
Characterisation of an oleuropein degrading strain of Lactobacillus plantarum. Combined effects of compounds present in olive fermenting brines (phenols, glucose and NaCl) on bacterial activity (1998)

This study aims to examine the effects of glucose and NaCl on the ability of an oleuropein degrading strain of Lactobacillus plantarum, strain B21, to grow in the presence of oleuropein, its degradation product, hydroxytyrosol, and p-coumaric acid. Oleuropein (10 g litre−1) and 2 g litre−1 hydroxytyrosol combined with NaCl did not inhibit bacterial growth, whereas 1 g litre−1 p-coumaric acid showed low inhibitory activity. This study also presents that bacterial β-glucosidase and esterase are involved in the breakdown of oleuropein. Oleuropein (10 g litre−1) incorporated in the cultivation medium without glucose was completely degraded to derivative products within 20 days, whereas in the presence of glucose, at concentrations up to 50 g litre−1 β-glucosidase activity was partially inhibited, and 30–70% of oleuropein residual content remained in the cultivation medium. Esterase activity involved in the second step of biodegradation process, was not influenced by glucose. Incorporation of glucose in the growth medium adversely affected the ability of L plantarum to break-down oleuropein. The findings of this study are significant since it could lead to the development of a new biotechnology for removing the bitter principle, oleuropein, from olives replacing the traditional alkali treatment used for debittering olives. © 1998 SCI.
O PEWNYCH KONSEKWENCJACH ROZUMIENIA TEKSTU JAKO STRUKTURY DYNAMICZNEJ (2015)

О некоторых последствиях динамического понимания текстаВ статье предпринимается попытка анализа понятия текста как динамической структуры, появившегося в поздних трудах Юрия Лотмана, в сопоставлении с проблематикой онтологии субъекта поздней современности, пониманием гра-ниц интерптерации, выработанным в рамках неопрагматистской теории и собы-тийной концепцией истины. Семиотика, становясь перед этими новыми для нее проблемами, предпринимает попытку выработать в своем понятином аппарате соответствующие познавательные методы обработки на своем языке явлений поздней современности, отходя от понимания культурных и антропологических явлений как проявления бинарного мышления.On certain consequences of treating text as a dynamic structureThe article attempts to analyze the concept of text as a dynamic structure, as conceived by Yuri Lotman, against the themes of late modern subject ontology, understanding of limits to interpretation developed within the neopragmatist movement, and an event-driven conception of truth. Faced with such challenges, semiotics attempts to adapt its conceptual apparatus in this changing environment, to reflect in its language the phenomena of late modernity, and to depart from understanding cultural and anthro-pological facts as manifestations of binary thinking.
Tailoring the Synergistic Bronsted-Lewis acidic effects in Heteropolyacid catalysts: Applied in Esterification and Transesterification Reactions (2015)

In order to investigate the influences of Lewis metals on acidic properties and catalytic activities, a series of Keggin heteropolyacid (HPA) catalysts, HnPW11MO39 (M = Ti(IV), Cu(II), Al(III), Sn(IV), Fe(III), Cr(III), Zr(IV) and Zn(II); for Ti and Zr, the number of oxygen is 40), were prepared and applied in the esterification and transesterification reactions. Only those cations with moderate Lewis acidity had a higher impact. Ti Substituted HPA, H5PW11TiO40, posse lower acid content compared with Ti(x)H(3-4x)PW12O40 (Ti partial exchanged protons in saturated H3PW12O40), which demonstrated that the Lewis metal as an addenda atom (H5PW11TiO40) was less efficient than those as counter cations (Ti(x)H(3-4x)PW12O40). On the other hand, the highest conversion reached 92.2% in transesterification and 97.4% in esterification. Meanwhile, a good result was achieved by H5PW11TiO40 in which the total selectivity of DAG and TGA was 96.7%. In addition, calcination treatment to H5PW11TiO40 make it insoluble in water which resulted in a heterogeneous catalyst feasible for reuse.
Longitudinal Model Identification and Velocity Control of an Autonomous Car (2014)

This paper presents the model identification and the velocity control of an autonomous car. The control system was designed so that the car is controlled at low speeds, where the main applications for the vehicle's autonomous operations include parking and urban adaptive cruise control. A longitudinal model of the car was used in the control loop to compensate the nonlinear behavior of its dynamics. Since the determination of the vehicle's model is a difficult step in the design of model-based controllers, the main contribution of this paper is the use of an empirically determined model to this end. In this paper, the structure of the model was conceived from the car's physics equations, but its parameters were estimated using data-based identification techniques. An important contribution of this paper is the fact that, although the model is strictly linear, we can change its parameters as a function of the operation point of the vehicle to represent the engine's and the transmission's nonlinear behaviors. Moreover, in this paper, we propose a way to include changes in the longitudinal dynamics caused by the automatic gear shifting. The validation of the proposed controller was conducted by computer simulations and real-world experiments.
<title>Accuracy of whole-field mapping by Jones matrix Fourier photopolarimeter</title> (2000)

A whole-field polarimetric method through digital image processing has been developed for mapping the three optical parameters, which determine normalized Jones matrix of an elliptic retarder. The suggested technique conveys measurement data sufficient to describe optical anisotropy in the media exhibiting rotation of birefringence axes along the light path. Particularly, homogeneous or inhomogeneous birefringent gyrotropic objects and initially isotropic transparent samples bearing stress-induced anisotropy can be investigated by use of this technique. Operational principle of the method implies incremental rotation of polarizer and analyzer with the ratio 1:3 over the revolution of the polarizer and collection of 9 intensity images between successive rotation steps. Then thus obtained intensity patterns are digitally processed by use of Fourier analysis. Specifically in this paper we address issues concerning the accuracy of mapping all the three parameters at different values of those. Some ad hoc experiments with test crystalline quartz phase plates are reported. Computer simulations and measurement results are presented and discussed.
Interactividad en contenidos multiplataforma (TDT i Internet) dirigidos a audiencias infantiles: un análisis a partir de casos de TVE i TVC (DOI: 10.2436/20.3008.01.89) (2011)

Interactivitat en continguts multiplataforma (TDT i Internet) dirigits a audiencies infantils: una analisi a partir de casos de TVE i TVC El concepte d’interactivitat, contextualitzat recurrentment al voltant de la investigacio en comunicacio, en part gracies a la digitalitzacio de continguts i l’evolucio de mitjans i TIC, introdueix transformacions gens menyspreables al voltant dels processos de comunicacio mediada. D’aquestes, conve analitzar la multiplicacio de serveis i les sinergies entre plataformes a fi d’afavorir interaccions per part de les audiencies. Tals aspectes son tractats en el present article, com a resultat d’una investigacio enfocada a identificar els serveis interactius presents en el disseny i produccio de continguts multiplataforma (TDT i Internet) dirigits a audiencies infantils. L’estudi presenta l’analisi dels programes de produccio propia dels canals tematics Clan (TVE) i Super3 (TVC), dirigits a nens i nenes, aixi com de les webs associades a aquests continguts. PARAULES CLAU: interactivitat, serveis interactius, continguts multiplataforma, televisio digital terrestre, Internet, audiencies infantils.