gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of anhydrothrombin and characterization of its interaction with natural thrombin substrates (2001)

Thrombin is a serine proteinase that plays a key role in thrombosis and haemostasis through its interaction with several coagulation factors. Anhydrothrombin was prepared from PMSF-inactivated thrombin under alkaline conditions, and the folded anhydrothrombin was successfully recovered after dialysis in the presence of glycerol. Anhydro-derivatives of factor Xa, factor VIIa and activated protein C could also be prepared essentially by the same procedure. Anhydrothrombin retained affinity for various natural substrates of thrombin, including fibrinogen, factor VIII, factor XIII and protein C. In addition, these proteins were bound to anhydrothrombin-agarose in a reversible manner. The K(d) values for factor VIII, fibrinogen, factor XIII and protein C were 1.2x10(-8), 4.4x10(-8), 2.8x10(-7) and 8.1x10(-5) M, respectively. Thus thrombin substrates known to interact with the exosite I of thrombin demonstrated high affinity for anhydrothrombin. Furthermore, in the presence of Na+, substantial enhancement of the association rate constant (k(ass)) was observed for interactions of fibrinogen and factor VIII with anhydrothrombin. These results suggest that anhydrothrombin is useful in the purification of thrombin substrate proteins as well as in the investigation of detailed interactions between thrombin and these substrates in their activation or degradation processes.
Image Adaptation Based on Attention Model for Small-Form-Factor Device. (2003)

Image adaptation, one of the essential problems in adaptive content delivery for universal access, has been actively explored for some time. Most existing approaches have focused on generic adaptation towards saving file size under constraints in client environment and hardly paid attention to user’s perception on the adapted result. Meanwhile, the major limitation on the user’s delivery context is moving from data volume (or time-to-wait) to screen size because of the galloping development of hardware technologies. In this paper, we propose a novel method for adapting images based on user attention. A generic and extensible image attention model is introduced based on three attributes (region of interest, attention value, and minimal perceptible size) associated with each attention object. An algorithm is developed to find the optimal adaptation efficiently. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scheme and its potential application in the future.
Reaction Bonded Sic/Diamond Composites: Properties and Impact Behavior in High Strain Rate Applications (2015)

Composites of reaction bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) with diamond particles have a huge potential as an armor material because of the high hardness of both the SiC and diamond phases. The SiC matrix particles are varied from an average size of 12µm to 50µm and the diamond content, incorporating a 22 µm particle, is increased from 0 to approximately 20 vol%. This paper represents a study that relates SiC grain size and diamond particle content to microstructure, properties and impact behavior of the SiC/Diamond composites. It is shown that increasing the diamond content improves impact behavior.
Wide-field strain imaging with preferentially aligned nitrogen-vacancy centers in polycrystalline diamond (2016)

We report on wide-field optically detected magnetic resonance imaging of nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVs) in type IIa polycrystalline diamond. These studies reveal a heterogeneous crystalline environment that produces a varied density of NV centers, including preferential orientation within some individual crystal grains, but preserves long spin coherence times. Using the native NVs as nanoscale sensors, we introduce a 3-dimensional strain imaging technique with high sensitivity ( $< 10^{-5}$ Hz$^{-1/2}$) and diffraction-limited resolution across a wide field of view.
Joint source/channel coding using arithmetic codes (2002)

Reserving space for a symbol that is not in the source alphabet has been shown to provide excellent error detection. In this paper we show how to use this capability using a sequential decoder structure to provide powerful error correction capability. This joint source/channel coder design provides significant packet loss recovery with minimal overhead.
Autonomous services composition in domain 2 (2016)

AT&T is embarking on an exciting journey to revolutionize its network by transforming itself into a software company running the largest and most intelligent programmable cloud on the planet. Indeed, the network of Domain 2.0 (D2) will be intelligent software systems and applications operating on general-purpose commodity hardware [1]. This transformation will not only drive down CAPEX, OPEX and help to configure our network with less human intervention, but it will also create significant opportunities to scale and monetize existing and new intelligent services. This transformation will enable AT&T's D2 to establish a new services ecosystem equivalent in concept to the application ecosystem adopted by the Apple iOS and Android. D2 will facilitate mass marketing existing and new services, and lower the barrier to entry for enterprise and small business customers to create new innovative services.This paper will provide a demonstration of how intelligent services can be realized within the D2 architecture.
Bacteria-Induced Intestinal Cancer in Mice with Disrupted<b><i>Gpx1</i></b>and<b><i>Gpx2</i></b>Genes (2004)

Two glutathione peroxidase (GPX) isozymes, GPX-1 and GPX-2 (GPX-GI), are the major enzymes that reduce hydroperoxides in intestinal epithelium. We have previously demonstrated that targeted disruption of both the Gpx1 and Gpx2 genes (GPX-DKO) results in a high incidence of ileocolitis in mice raised under conventional conditions, which include the harboring of Helicobacter species [non-specific-pathogen-free (non-SPF) conditions]. In this study, we have characterized GPX-DKO mice that have microflora-associated intestinal cancers, which are correlated with increased intestinal pathology/inflammation. We found that GPX-DKO mice raised under germ-free conditions have virtually no pathology or tumors. After colonizing germ-free mice with commensal microflora without any known pathogens (SPF), <9% of GPX-DKO mice develop tumors in the ileum or the colon. However, about one-fourth of GPX-DKO mice raised under non-SPF conditions from birth or transferred from SPF conditions at weaning have predominantly ileal tumors. Nearly 30% of tumors are cancerous; most are invasive adenocarcinomas and a few signet-ring cell carcinomas. On the basis of these results, we conclude that GPX-DKO mice are highly susceptible to bacteria-associated inflammation and cancer. The sensitivity exhibited in these mice suggests that peroxidative stress plays an important role in ileal and colonic pathology and inflammation, which can lead to tumorigenesis.
Distributed Algorithms for Attack Localization in All-Optical Networks. (1998)

All-Optical Networks provide ultra-fast data rates, but present a new set of challenges for network security. We present a new algorithm for attack localization in networks. The algorithm is distributed and requires only local information. The algorithm can localize attacks for a variety of network applications. This algorithm is particularly well suited to the requirements of All-Optical Networks because it provides fast, reliable response to attacks. In particular we apply it to two common forms of rapid optical network restoration: automatic protection switching and loopback.
Temporal placement control of video frames in ATM networks (1994)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a new method of traffic smoothing for frames of different video sources. We assume that each video source transmits frames at fixed intervals and that the network is free to decide the relative temporal spacing of video frames from different sources. This means that the time at which a given source begins to transmit its first frame is under the control of the network; however, after that, all frames from this source are transmitted at fixed intervals. We now address two questions. What are some reasonable policies for spacing the frames of video sources? What is the performance advantage of doing this? We propose three control policies (two heuristic and one based on an optimization problem via some Fourier analysis). These are compared against the case in which the video frames from different sources are randomly distributed (i.e. no control is exercised). We show that significant performance advantages accrue if one controls the temporal placement of the video frames from different sources.
Biomarker potential of <i><scp>ST</scp>6<scp>GALNAC</scp>3</i> and <i><scp>ZNF</scp>660</i> promoter hypermethylation in prostate cancer tissue and liquid biopsies (2018)

Current diagnostic and prognostic tools for prostate cancer (PC) are suboptimal, leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of specific genes has been suggested as novel candidate biomarkers for PC that may improve diagnosis and prognosis. We here analyzed ST6GALNAC3 and ZNF660 promoter methylation in prostate tissues, and ST6GALNAC3, ZNF660, CCDC181, and HAPLN3 promoter methylation in liquid biopsies. First, using four independent patient sample sets, including a total of 110 nonmalignant (NM) and 705 PC tissue samples, analyzed by methylation-specific qPCR or methylation array, we found that hypermethylation of ST6GALNAC3 and ZNF660 was highly cancer-specific with areas under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of 0.917-0.995 and 0.846-0.903, respectively. Furthermore, ZNF660 hypermethylation was significantly associated with biochemical recurrence in two radical prostatectomy (RP) cohorts of 158 and 392 patients and remained significant also in the subsets of patients with Gleason score ≤7 (univariate Cox regression and log-rank tests, P < 0.05), suggesting that ZNF660 methylation analysis can potentially help to stratify low-/intermediate-grade PCs into indolent vs. more aggressive subtypes. Notably, ZNF660 hypermethylation was also significantly associated with poor overall and PC-specific survival in the RP cohort (n = 158) with long clinical follow-up available. Moreover, as proof of principle, we successfully detected highly PC-specific hypermethylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for ST6GALNAC3, ZNF660, HAPLN3, and CCDC181 in liquid biopsies (serum) from 27 patients with PC vs. 10 patients with BPH, using droplet digital methylation-specific PCR analysis. Finally, we generated a three-gene (ST6GALNAC3/CCDC181/HAPLN3) ctDNA hypermethylation model, which detected PC with 100% specificity and 67% sensitivity. In conclusion, we here for the first time demonstrate diagnostic biomarker potential of ST6GALNAC3 and ZNF660 methylation, as well as prognostic biomarker potential of ZNF660. Furthermore, we show that hypermethylation of four genes can be detected in ctDNA in liquid biopsies (serum) from patients with PC.
Resonant-phonon terahertz quantum-cascade lasers using metal-metal waveguides (2006)

We report the development and progress of terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) that use the resonant-phonon depopulation scheme to obtain population inversion and where a low-loss, high-modal-confinement metal-metal waveguide is used. These waveguides were fabricated using an indium-gold reactive wafer bonding technique followed by substrate removal, and have been used to obtain lasing up to 137 K in pulsed mode and 93 K in continuous wave (cw) mode. Also, lasing has been obtained at frequencies as low as 2.1 THz (/spl lambda/=141 /spl mu/m), which is the longest wavelength achieved in a QCL without the use of a magnetic field. Recently, an alternative copper-copper thermocompression wafer bonding technique was used to extend cw operation up to a temperature of 97 K.
Full Waveform Inversion for Reflected Seismic Data (2012)

Full waveform inversion has been successful in building high resolution velocity models for shallow layers. To achieve this, it requires refracted waves or low frequencies in the reflection/refraction data. To relax the dependence on low frequency reflections, we revisit full waveform inversion. We propose a new approach allowing the updating of long wavelength components of the velocity model affecting the reflected arrivals. Our approach is based on a non-linear iterative relaxation approach where short and long wavelength components of the velocity model are updated alternatively. We study theoretically the associated Frchet derivatives and gradients and discussed how and why such a strategy improves the resolution that we can expect from full waveform inversion. Finally we present a first 2D application to a 2D Gulf of Mexico conventional streamer dataset.
Grouping text lines in freeform handwritten notes (2005)

Handwritten text lines are prominent structures in freeform digital ink notes and their reliable detection is the foundation to a natural and intelligent interface for note editing and repurposing. This paper presents an optimization method for text line grouping. The global'cost function is designed to find the simplest stroke partitioning to maximize the likelihood of the resulting lines and the consistency of their configuration. A dynamic programming algorithm provides an initial segmentation of the time-ordered stroke sequence. Then a local gradient-descent algorithm iteratively evaluates splitting and merging hypotheses to minimize the global cost function. On average, the proposed technique processes each note page in less than a second at 90% accuracy.
Development and Exploratory Scale-Up of Alumina-Forming Austenitic (AFA) Stainless Steels (2009)

This paper presents the results of the continued development of creep-resistant, alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) stainless steel alloys, which exhibit a unique combination of excellent oxidation resistance via protective alumina (Al2O3) scale formation and high-temperature creep strength through the formation of stable nano-scale MC carbides and intermetallic precipitates. Efforts in fiscal year 2009 focused on the characterization and understanding of long-term oxidation resistance and tensile properties as a function of alloy composition and microstructure. Computational thermodynamic calculations of the austenitic matrix phase composition and the volume fraction of MC, B2-NiAl, and Fe2(Mo,Nb) base Laves phase precipitates were used to interpret oxidation behavior. Of particular interest was the enrichment of Cr in the austenitic matrix phase by additions of Nb, which aided the establishment and maintenance of alumina. Higher levels of Nb additions also increased the volume fraction of B2-NiAl precipitates, which served as an Al reservoir during long-term oxidation. Ageing studies of AFA alloys were conducted at 750C for times up to 2000 h. Ageing resulted in near doubling of yield strength at room temperature after only 50 h at 750C, with little further increase in yield strength out to 2000 h of ageing. Elongation was reduced on ageing; however, levelsmore » of 15-25% were retained at room temperature after 2000 h of total ageing.« less
Porcine Circovirus 2: Immunopathogenesis and Recent Developments in Vaccines (2012)

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is currently considered an important etiologic agent of swine and its infection has potentially serious economic impact on the swine industry worldwide. This virus is frequently associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), and also with other clinical conditions such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), late-term abortions, reproductive failure in sows, proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia and congenital tremors. The term porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) is currently used to refer to any of these diseases when they are associated with PCV2 infection. The PCV2 was recognized as a pathogen in 1997, and many questions regarding its biology and pathogenesis remain unanswered. Currently, some studies have shown the production of new vaccine candidates and field efficacy testing of commercial vaccines. This review discusses some major points concerned with immunopathogenesis and vaccines for PCV2 infection.
Gas Cluster Ion Beam Polishing of Orthopedic Implants (2002)

One of the major causes of failure of orthopedic implants used in hip replacement surgery is the generation of excessive wear particles. These wear particles accumulate in the joint and initiate an autoimmune reaction which can weaken the bone-implant joint, leading to failure and revision surgery. The relatively poor implant surface finish created by current mechanical polishing techniques has been identified as a major cause of wear particle generation. Gas cluster ion beams (GCIB) have been successfully used to reduce the surface roughness of orthopedic implants. In GCIB, a high-pressure gas, such as argon, is supersonically expanded through a nozzle into vacuum. This adiabatic expansion results in the condensation of clusters consisting of tens to thousands of gas atoms weakly held together by Van der Waals forces. These clusters are then ionized and accelerated towards the target substrate. Upon impact, they create a strong lateral sputtering effect resulting in a net smoothing of the surface. Lapped flat coupons and production femoral balls made of ASTM 1537 cobalt-28 chromium-6 molybdenum surgical implant alloy were processed by GCIB utilizing gas clusters of argon and oxygen. Surface morphology was characterized before and after processing by atomic force microscopy and white light optical profilometry. As shown in Figure 1 GCIB processing was able to successfully remove asperities and create a tribologically improved surface on both flat test coupons and on production components.
Flex Force Smart Glove Prototype for Physical Therapy Rehabilitation (2018)

A nonintrusive and noninvasive Flex Force Smart Glove (FFSG) design is presented that allows for acquisition and processing of sensorimotor information obtained from the human hand. The novel FFSG design is powered by the Intel FPGA system on chip and incorporates all the sensors needed to measure the force and rotation of the human wrist and fingers. Quaternion-based Kalman filters are used to fuse the raw sensor data from five finger joints and one wrist joint to provide detailed orientation information. In addition, feed forward neural network filters are used to classify possible hand exercises that can be further used facilitate rehabilitation through exercise sessions. The novel design will allow for a unified way to quantify the effectiveness of both conventional and robotic-assisted rehabilitation.
Topside Nanocrystalline Diamond Integration on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for High Temperature Operation (2014)

GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) performance is limited by increased channel temperature, particularly resulting from self-heating during high power operation. Topside nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) layers have been integrated on AlGaN/GaN (HEMTs) to improve thermal management. HEMTs with NCD heat-spreading layers exhibit a 20% decrease in peak channel temperature compared to reference HEMTs, measured by Raman thermography, as well as improved sheet carrier density, transconductance, sheet resistance, Hall mobility, on-state resistance, and breakdown voltage. A “gate after diamond” approach is implemented to improve the thermal budget of the deposition process while maintaining the integrity of the Schottky gate electrode in a scalable process. Processing improvements for integrating NCD-capping with the HEMT are being pursued, such as eliminating the SiNx passivation interlayer, such that the NCD film is directly on the AlGaN barrier, as well as a sacrificial gate process. Also, boron doped p+-NCD films were implemented as gate electrodes for the AlGaN/GaN HEMT to place the heat-spreading layer in direct contact with the heat source, for a thermally stable heat-spreading gate contact.
Biochemical and immunological properties of the C-terminal domain of the alpha-toxin of<i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (1993)

The C-terminal domain of the alpha-toxin (cpa247-370) of Clostridium perfringens has been expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Antiserum raised against cpa247-370 reacted in an identical manner to anti-alpha-toxin serum when used to map epitopes in the C-terminal domain, suggesting that cpa247-370 was immunologically and structurally identical to this region in the alpha-toxin. The isolated cpa247-370 was devoid of sphingomyelinase activity or haemolytic activity and was not cytotoxic for mouse lymphocytes. Haemolytic activity was detected when cpa247-370 was tested with the N-terminal domain of the alpha-toxin (cpa1-249), confirming that cpa247-370 confers haemolytic properties on the phospholipase C activity of the alpha-toxin. Haemolytic activity was not detected if cpa247-370 was tested with the Bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C, nor if cpa1-249 and cpa247-370 were incubated sequentially with erythrocytes.
TAU 2014 contest on removing common path pessimism during timing analysis (2014)

To margin against modeling limitations in considering design and electrical complexities (e.g., crosstalk coupling, voltage drops) as well as variability (e.g., manufacturing process, environmental), "early" and "late" signal propagation delays in static timing analysis are often made pessimistic by addition of extra guard bands. While these forced "early-late splits" provide desired margins, the splits applied across the entire design introduce excessive and undesired pessimism. To this end, "common path pessimism removal (CPPR)" eliminates the redundant pessimism during timing analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Amidinophenylalanine‐Based Inhibitors of Urokinase. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Flux compression measurements in sintered bulk Ba/sub 2/YCu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (1991)

Trapping of magnetic fields and subsequent flux compression have been realized in sintered bulk Ba/sub 2/YCu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ superconductors at 77 K. The field is trapped in two interconnected holes of 0.95-cm and 0.52-cm diameter, respectively. By inserting a superconducting plunger with a diameter of 0.93 cm into the larger hole, the trapped flux is compressed into the smaller hole, where the flux density is measured with a Hall probe. The ratio of the areas available for the magnetic flux before and after compression is 3.7. Deviations from this compression ratio are observed to increase as the trapped field is increased, demonstrating penetration of magnetic flux into the interior of the superconductor. Using a simple extension of the critical state model, the authors demonstrate how the flux compression technique can be used to test the validity of the model and also to calculate the critical current density of the superconductor directly from the measurements.
Comparison of frequency offset estimation techniques for burst OFDM (2003)

A major impediment to high-bit-rate wireless transmission is multipath delay spread. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) addresses this impairment, transmitting several parallel lower bit rate streams. Independent transmit and receive oscillators create frequency offset, generating interchannel interference and degrading performance. Several frequency offset estimation techniques have been proposed but varied test conditions make comparison difficult. Here, we compare these schemes under identical conditions and propose three new offset estimation techniques and include them in our comparison.