gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed dynamic state estimator enables seamless DSA (2014)

This paper/panel proposes an integrated and seamless infrastructure for protection, control and operation of an electric power system that enables a seamless Dynamic Security Assessment. At the lower level of the infrastructure a dynamic state estimation of protection zones (individual components) operates continuously for the purpose of providing protection for the zone. This scheme simplifies the protection approach for the zone by not requiring coordination with other protection zones. The scheme provides the real time dynamic model of the zone as well as the real time operating conditions. The scheme is ideally fitted in the most recent automation schemes for substations based on merging units and process bus with GPS synchronization - in this case the implementation is as simple as connecting a computing device (PC or relay) to the process bus. An object oriented approach has been implemented which provides the dynamic state and model estimate of each protection zone (individual component) in a standard syntax and format. The component dynamic state and model estimate is referenced to UTC time. At the substation, synthesis of all components of the same UTC time stamp provides the substation state estimate. This task is performed each cycle (60 times per second for 60 Hz systems and 50 times per second for 50 Hz systems) and the substation state estimate is transmitted to the control center. At the control center synthesis of all substation state estimates of the same UTC time stamp provides the system wide state estimate (system wide real time model). This approach provides the real time model of the system at speeds of 60 times per second and latency in the order of one cycle. The paper describes the use of the real time model for dynamic security assessment in a seamless way. The DSA can be performed with the system wide real time model or for problems that tend to be local in nature, as the voltage/VAR control problem tends to be, the described infrastructure can provide the model of a subsystem (system of interest) and an equivalent of the rest of the system at the boundaries of the subsystem. Examples will be provided.
Gender gap: Little shift in gender disparity in higher ED (2014)

There has been little shift for some time in the gender disparity in higher education careers and studies. In some areas gender equity has deteriorated. The proportion of women vice chancellors has fallen to 20%, just eight out of 39. It had climbed to one third a few years ago. And just the second woman to head up a 'Group of 8' University, starts at Monash this September.
Local hypersensitivity reaction in transgenic mice with squamous epithelial IL-5 overexpression provides a novel model of eosinophilic oesophagitis (2012)

L2-IL5 mice provide a novel experimental model that can potentially be used in preclinical testing of EoE-related therapeutics and mechanistic studies identifying pathogenetic features associated with mucosal eosinophilia.
Design of a Reconfigurable Pulsed Quad-Cell for Cellular-Automata-Based Conformal Computing (2010)

This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable asynchronous computing element, called the pulsed quad-cell (PQ-cell), for constructing conformal computers. Conformal computers are systems with an exceptional ability to conform to the physical and computational needs of an application. PQ-cells, like cellular automata, are assembled into arrays, communicate with neighboring cells, and are collectively capable of general computation. They operate asynchronously to scale without the limitations of a global clock and to minimize power consumption. Cell operations are stimulated by pulses which travel on different wires to represent 0's and 1's. Cells are individually configured to perform logic, move and store information, and coordinate parallel activity. The PQ-cell design targets a 0.25 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math>m CMOS technology. Simulations show that a single cell consumes 15.6 pJ per operation when pulsed at 1.3 GHz. Examples of multicell structures include a 98 MHz ring oscillator and a 190 MHz pipeline.
Creating New Pathways of Connection with Autism Spectrum Disorders (2013)

This workshop takes you beyond what you know (and what you think you know) about facilitating socialization and understanding with someone on the autism spectrum. You’ll learn easy ways to create pathways to connection that will help you dispel frustration, anger, and harmful behavior whether the person with ASD has verbal capabilities or not.
Iodine Migration and its Effect on Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells (2016)

The migration and accumulation of iodide ions create a modulation of the respective interfacial barriers causing the hysteresis in solar cells based on methylammonium lead iodide perovskites. Iodide ions are identified as the migrating species by measuring temperature dependent current-transients and photoelectron spectroscopy. The involved changes in the built-in potential due to ion migration are directly measured by electroabsorption spectroscopy.
Identification of a Potent and Selective Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) Agonist with Favorable Physicochemical and in Vitro ADME Properties (2011)

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1, also known as GPR40) enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and is recognized as an interesting new target for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Several series of selective FFA1 agonists are already known. Most of these are derived from free fatty acids (FFAs) or glitazones and are relatively lipophilic. Aiming for the development of potent, selective, and less lipophilic FFA1 agonists, the terminal phenyl of a known compound series was replaced by nitrogen containing heterocycles. This resulted in the identification of 37, a selective FFA1 agonist with potent activity on recombinant human FFA1 receptors and on the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1E, optimal lipophilicity, and excellent in vitro permeability and metabolic stability.
The Influence of Sex Steroid Hormones on Gingiva of Women (2009)

Steroid sex hormones have a significant effect on different organ systems. As far as gingiva are concerned, they can influence the cellular proliferation, differentiation and growth of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Estrogen is mainly responsible for alterations in blood vessels and progesterone stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators. In addition, some micro-organisms found in the human mouth synthesize enzymes needed for steroid synthesis and catabolism. In women, during puberty, ovulation and pregnancy, there is an increase in the production of sex steroid hormones which results in increased gingival inflammation, characterized by gingival enlargement, increased gingival bleeding and crevicular fluid flow and microbial changes.
Feeding behaviour in the cat—recent advances (1982)

ABSTRACT The domestic cat, Felis catus, provides one of the few representatives of the order Carnivora whose behaviour may be studied within the laboratory environment. In recent studies of cat feeding behaviour, there has been a fundamental shift in emphasis away from internal factors of control, the homeostatic model, towards investigation of the controlling influence of external environmental factors on food choice and feeding patterns. Food choice is discussed in relation to prior dietary experience and the motivational level of the animal. Feeding patterns are shown to be strongly associated with food availability and energy economy rather than the momentary physiological state of the animal.
'Royal Empire' apple. A highly colored sport of 'Empire'. (1990)

'Royal Empire'? is a color sport of 'Empire' that has been patented as 'Teeple Red Empire' with registration pending under the trademark 'Royal Empire'. This cultivar is exceptional for the greater amount of red color on the surface of the fruit as compared to the original cultivar 'Empire'. In .all other respects it is similar to 'Empire'. 'Royal Empire' is a major improvement over the original cultivar because its greater color will permit a higher proportion of the fruit to qualify for the extra fancy grade.
CHIMAERA (2000)

Reconfigurable hardware has the potential for significant performance improvements by providing support for application-specific operations. We report our experience with Chimaera, a prototype system that integrates a small and fast reconfigurable functional unit (RFU) into the pipeline of an aggressive, dynamically-scheduled superscalar processor. Chimaera is capable of performing 9-input/1-output operations on integer data. We discuss the Chimaera C compiler that automatically maps computations for execution in the RFU. Chimaera is capable of: (1) collapsing a set of instructions into RFU operations, (2) converting control-flow into RFU operations, and (3) supporting a more powerful fine-grain data-parallel model than that supported by current multimedia extension instruction sets (for integer operations). Using a set of multimedia and communication applications we show that even with simple optimizations, the Chimaera C compiler is able to map 22% of all instructions to the RFU on the average. A variety of computations are mapped into RFU operations ranging from as simple as add/sub-shift pairs to operations of more than 10 instructions including several branches. Timing experiments demonstrate that for a 4-way out-of-order superscalar processor Chimaera results in average performance improvements of 21%, assuming a very aggressive core processor design (most pessimistic RFU latency model) and communication overheads from and to the RFU.
H.263 video transcoding for spatial resolution downscaling (2005)

In order to allow users to use handheld devices accessing video information, such as downloading and playing video files, there is a need to downscale the compressed video into lower spatial resolution and lower transmission bit rate. In this work, transcoding the compressed H.263 video into low spatial-resolution is discussed and realized. To reduce the computation cost, motion vectors from the incoming video stream are resampled and reused. We propose a novel approach to refine motion vectors adaptively according to the motion of every frame or every macroblock in a frame. The proposed approach can improve the video quality and reduce predictive residues of every frame, hence reduce the transmission bit rate. Implementation results suggest that the proposed approach produces better image quality and lower transmission bit rate than a number of previous approaches.
Tubular Glands of the Isthmus are the Predominant Colonization Site of Salmonella Enteritidis in the Upper Oviduct of Laying Hens (2004)

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the serovar most frequently isolated from chicken eggs. Colonization of the upper oviduct of hens is believed to play an important role in egg contamination. The interaction of S. enteritidis with gland epithelial cells of the isthmus and the magnum was, therefore, studied in vitro and in vivo. In the first experiment, S. enteritidis bacteria were added to confluent monolayers of primary cultures of chicken tubular epithelial cells of the isthmus (ICTEC) or magnum (MCTEC). Intracellular bacteria in ICTEC and MCTEC were confirmed by a gentamicin protection assay. Internalization in the glandular cells was corroborated by confocal scanning microscopy. Although S. enteritidis was able to invade and proliferate intracellularly during 24 h in the cell culture of both segments, this was significantly more so in the ICTEC. In a second experiment, an in vivo loop model was developed for investigation of the invasiveness of S. enteritidis in the oviduct of laying hens. Loops in the isthmus and magnum of laying hens were made under anaesthesia. S. enteritidis was inoculated into each loop. After 1 h, tubular gland cells were isolated from the infected tissue under gentamicin. S. enteritidis invasiveness was measured as the ratio of isolated bacteria per isolated tubular gland cell. This ratio was higher (P < 0.01) in the isthmus (1.3 x 10(-3)) than in the magnum (5.3 x 10(-5)). In a third experiment, laying hens were intravenously infected with 5 x 10(7) cfu S. enteritidis bacteria. The number of intracellular bacteria was counted in the tubular gland cells of the isthmus and magnum after isolation under gentamicin. The ratio of isolated bacteria per isolated tubular gland cell was again significantly higher in the isthmus as compared with in the magnum. In all 3 assays, the tubular gland cells of the isthmus were more heavily invaded than those of the magnum.
Grading of muscle power (1984)

The M.R.C. scale for grading muscle power in stages from 0 to 5 has been compared with an analogue scale in which power is expressed as a percentage of the maximum expected for that muscle. Twenty therapists examined many patients in a series of comparative tests. The M.R.C. grade is more reliable and accurate for this type of clinical assessment in weak muscles, that is grades 0-3 on the M.R.C. scale or 0-62% on the analogue scale. The analogue scale is more reliable and accurate for the assessment of stronger muscles, that is grades 4 and 5 of the M.R.C. scale or 62-100% on the analogue scale. Therefore, analogue scales could be usefully adopted when testing bulky muscles operating at 50% or more of their normal power.
Erasure conversion for fault-tolerant quantum computing in alkaline earth Rydberg atom arrays (2022)

Executing quantum algorithms on error-corrected logical qubits is a critical step for scalable quantum computing, but the requisite numbers of qubits and physical error rates are demanding for current experimental hardware. Recently, the development of error correcting codes tailored to particular physical noise models has helped relax these requirements. In this work, we propose a qubit encoding and gate protocol for <sup>171</sup>Yb neutral atom qubits that converts the dominant physical errors into erasures, that is, errors in known locations. The key idea is to encode qubits in a metastable electronic level, such that gate errors predominantly result in transitions to disjoint subspaces whose populations can be continuously monitored via fluorescence. We estimate that 98% of errors can be converted into erasures. We quantify the benefit of this approach via circuit-level simulations of the surface code, finding a threshold increase from 0.937% to 4.15%. We also observe a larger code distance near the threshold, leading to a faster decrease in the logical error rate for the same number of physical qubits, which is important for near-term implementations. Erasure conversion should benefit any error correcting code, and may also be applied to design new gates and encodings in other qubit platforms.
Novel <i>tert</i>-Butyl Migration in Copper-Mediated Phenol <i>Ortho</i>-Oxygenation Implicates a Mechanism Involving Conversion of a 6-Hydroperoxy-2,4-cyclohexadienone Directly to an <i>o</i>-Quinone (2000)

Copper mediated ortho-oxygenation of phenolates may proceed through the generation of a 6-peroxy-2,4-cyclohexadienone intermediate. To test this theory, we studied the fate of sodium 4-carbethoxy-2, 6-di-tert-butylphenolate, where the ortho-oxygenation sites are blocked by tert-butyl groups. Using the Cu(I) complex of N, N-bis(2-(N-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)ethyl)benzylamine, isolation of the major oxygenated product and characterization by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy revealed it to be 4-carbethoxy-3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone, resulting from a 1, 2-migration of a tert-butyl group. The independently prepared 6-hydroperoxide is transformed by the Cu(I)- (or Cu(II)-) ligand complex to the same o-quinone. The observed 1,2-migration of the tert-butyl group appears to reflect an electron demand created by rearrangement of the postulated peroxy intermediate. A mechanism proceeding alternatively through a catechol and subsequent oxidation to the o-quinone seems ruled out by a control study demonstrating that the requisite intermediate to catechol formation would instead eliminate the 2-tert-butyl group.
A New Series of Quadrupolar Type Two‐Photon Absorption Chromophores Bearing 11, 12‐Dibutoxydibenzo[<i>a</i>,<i>c</i>]‐phenazine Bridged Amines; Their Applications in Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging and Two‐Photon Photodynamic Therapy (2009)

Abstract A new series of quadrupolar type two‐photon absorption (2PA) chromophores 3 – 9 bearing a core arylamine‐[ a , c ]phenazine‐arylamine motif are synthesized in high yields. Palladium‐catalyzed Stille coupling and CN coupling reactions are utilized to prepare target chromophores. Detailed characterization and systematic studies of these molecules, including absorption and fluorescence emission, are conducted. These compounds are found to exhibit very large 2PA cross section values, for example, ∼7000 GM at 800 nm for 8 in toluene. Two‐photon‐induced fluorescence imaging is successfully demonstrated in vitro using compound‐ 8 ‐encapsulated silica nanoparticles with excellent bio‐compatibility. In combination with the capability of both one‐ and two‐photon singlet‐oxygen sensitizations, this nanocomposite demonstrates its promising potential in dual functionality toward two‐photon fluorescence imaging and two‐photon photodynamic therapy.
Label-free probing of genes by time-domain terahertz sensing (2002)

A label-free sensing approach for the label-free characterization of genetic material with terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves is presented. Time-resolved THz analysis of polynucleotides demonstrates a strong dependence of the complex refractive index of DNA molecules in the THz frequency range on their hybridization state. By monitoring THz signals one can thus infer the binding state (hybridized or denatured) of oligo- and polynucleotides, enabling the label-free determination the genetic composition of unknown DNA sequences. A broadband experimental proof-of-principle in a free-space analytic configuration, as well as a higher-sensitivity approach using integrated THz sensors reaching femtomol detection levels and demonstrating the capability to detect single-base mutations, are presented. The potential application for next generation high-throughput label-free genetic analytic systems is discussed.
Central-force model with the next-nearest-neighbor interaction: A series approach (1996)

A central-force model with the next-nearest-neighbor interaction is studied using a series-expansion technique on a honeycomb lattice. The bulk modulus exponent is calculated and found to be ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{B}}$=3.96\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01. This value is very close to the bulk modulus exponent for the bond-bending model ${\mathit{f}}_{\mathit{B}}$=3.96\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04, calculated by Zabolitzky and co-workers using a transfer-matrix technique on the same lattice. Our calculation suggests that these two models are in the same universality class. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Optimal experimental design for systems involving both quantitative and qualitative factors (2004)

Often in discrete-event simulation, factors being considered are qualitative such as machine type, production method, job release policy, and factory layout type. It is also often of interest to create a response surface (RS) metamodel for visualization of input-output relationships. Several methods have been proposed in the literature for RS metamodeling with qualitative factors but the resulting metamodels may be expected to predict poorly because of sensitivity to misspecification or bias. This paper proposes the use of the expected integrated mean squared error (EIMSE) criterion to construct alternative optimal experimental designs. This approach explicitly takes bias into account. We use a discrete-event simulation example from the literature, coded in ARENA/spl trade/, to illustrate the proposed method and to compare metamodeling accuracy of alternative approaches computationally.
False-Positive Psychology (2011)

In this article, we accomplish two things. First, we show that despite empirical psychologists' nominal endorsement of a low rate of false-positive findings (≤ .05), flexibility in data collection, analysis, and reporting dramatically increases actual false-positive rates. In many cases, a researcher is more likely to falsely find evidence that an effect exists than to correctly find evidence that it does not. We present computer simulations and a pair of actual experiments that demonstrate how unacceptably easy it is to accumulate (and report) statistically significant evidence for a false hypothesis. Second, we suggest a simple, low-cost, and straightforwardly effective disclosure-based solution to this problem. The solution involves six concrete requirements for authors and four guidelines for reviewers, all of which impose a minimal burden on the publication process.
Characterization of the sialidase molecular defects in sialidosis patients suggests the structural organization of the lysosomal multienzyme complex (2000)

Sialidosis is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the genetic deficiency of lysosomal sialidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sialoglycoconjugates. The disease is associated with progressive impaired vision, macular cherry-red spots and myoclonus (sialidosis type I) or with skeletal dysplasia, Hurler-like phenotype, dysostosis multiplex, mental retardation and hepatosplenomegaly (sialidosis type II). We have analyzed the genomic DNA from nine sialidosis patients of multiple ethnic origin in order to find mutations responsible for the enzyme deficiency. The activity of the identified variants was studied by transgenic expression. One patient had a frameshift mutation (G623delG deletion), which introduced a stop codon, truncating 113 amino acids. All others had missense mutations: G679G-->A (Gly227Arg), C893C-->T (Ala298Val), G203G-->T (Gly68Val), A544A-->G (Ser182Gly) C808C-->T (Leu270Phe) and G982G-->A (Gly328Ser). We have modeled the three-dimensional structure of sialidase based on the atomic coordinates of the homologous bacterial sialidases, located the positions of mutations and estimated their potential effect. This analysis showed that five mutations are clustered in one region on the surface of the sialidase molecule. These mutations dramatically reduce the enzyme activity and cause a rapid intralysosomal degradation of the expressed protein. We hypothesize that this region may be involved in the interface of sialidase binding with lysosomal cathepsin A and/or beta-galactosidase in their high-molecular-weight complex required for the expression of sialidase activity in the lysosome.
Automatic Remaining Useful Life Estimation Framework with Embedded Convolutional LSTM as the Backbone (2020)

An essential task in predictive maintenance is the prediction of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) through the analysis of multivariate time series. Using the sliding window method, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and conventional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) approaches have produced impressive results on this matter, due to their ability to learn optimized features. However, sequence information is only partially modeled by CNN approaches. Due to the flatten mechanism in conventional RNNs, like Long Short Term Memories (LSTM), the temporal information within the window is not fully preserved. To exploit the multi-level temporal information, many approaches are proposed which combine CNN and RNN models. In this work, we propose a new LSTM variant called embedded convolutional LSTM (ECLSTM). In ECLSTM a group of different 1D convolutions is embedded into the LSTM structure. Through this, the temporal information is preserved between and within windows. Since the hyper-parameters of models require careful tuning, we also propose an automated prediction framework based on the Bayesian optimization with hyperband optimizer, which allows for efficient optimization of the network architecture. Finally, we show the superiority of our proposed ECLSTM approach over the state-of-the-art approaches on several widely used benchmark data sets for RUL Estimation.