gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microvesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Survival in a Lethal Model of Acute Kidney Injury (2012)

Several studies demonstrated that treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduces cisplatin mortality in mice. Microvesicles (MVs) released from MSCs were previously shown to favor renal repair in non lethal toxic and ischemic acute renal injury (AKI). In the present study we investigated the effects of MSC-derived MVs in SCID mice survival in lethal cisplatin-induced AKI. Moreover, we evaluated in vitro the effect of MVs on cisplatin-induced apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. Two different regimens of MV injection were used. The single administration of MVs ameliorated renal function and morphology, and improved survival but did not prevent chronic tubular injury and persistent increase in BUN and creatinine. Multiple injections of MVs further decreased mortality and at day 21 surviving mice showed normal histology and renal function. The mechanism of protection was mainly ascribed to an anti-apoptotic effect of MVs. In vitro studies demonstrated that MVs up-regulated in cisplatin-treated human tubular epithelial cells anti-apoptotic genes, such as Bcl-xL, Bcl2 and BIRC8 and down-regulated genes that have a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis such as Casp1, Casp8 and LTA. In conclusion, MVs released from MSCs were found to exert a pro-survival effect on renal cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that MVs may contribute to renal protection conferred by MSCs.
Continuous non‐contact respiratory rate and tidal volume monitoring using a Depth Sensing Camera (2021)

The monitoring of respiratory parameters is important across many areas of care within the hospital. Here we report on the performance of a depth-sensing camera system for the continuous non-contact monitoring of Respiratory Rate (RR) and Tidal Volume (TV), where these parameters were compared to a ventilator reference. Depth sensing data streams were acquired and processed over a series of runs on a single volunteer comprising a range of respiratory rates and tidal volumes to generate depth-based respiratory rate (RR<sub>depth</sub>) and tidal volume (TV<sub>depth</sub>) estimates. The bias and root mean squared difference (RMSD) accuracy between RR<sub>depth</sub> and the ventilator reference, RR<sub>vent</sub>, across the whole data set was found to be -0.02 breaths/min and 0.51 breaths/min respectively. The least squares fit regression equation was determined to be: RR<sub>depth</sub> = 0.96 × RR<sub>vent</sub> + 0.57 breaths/min and the resulting Pearson correlation coefficient, R, was 0.98 (p < 0.001). Correspondingly, the bias and root mean squared difference (RMSD) accuracy between TV<sub>depth</sub> and the reference TV<sub>vent</sub> across the whole data set was found to be - 0.21 L and 0.23 L respectively. The least squares fit regression equation was determined to be: TV<sub>depth</sub> = 0.79 × TV<sub>vent</sub>-0.01 L and the resulting Pearson correlation coefficient, R, was 0.92 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a high degree of agreement was found between the depth-based respiration rate and its ventilator reference, indicating that RR<sub>depth</sub> is a promising modality for the accurate non-contact respiratory rate monitoring in the clinical setting. In addition, a high degree of correlation between depth-based tidal volume and its ventilator reference was found, indicating that TV<sub>depth</sub> may provide a useful monitor of tidal volume trending in practice. Future work should aim to further test these parameters in the clinical setting.
Electrically Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response by Using Bionic Auditory Membrane in Guinea Pigs (2013)

Here, we report the measurement of an eABR (electrically evoked auditory brainstem response) by using a custom-developed BAM (bionic auditory membrane) for a novel artificial cochlear system. The BAM is an acoustic sensor designed as a trapezoidal and flexible membrane made of a piezoelectric material to convert acoustic waves to electrical signals with frequency selectivity. The signal from the BAM was used as an electrical source to stimulate the auditory nerves in a cochlea. The stimulating characteristics were investigated by measuring the eABR in guinea pigs. The results showed that the developed system could realize the perception of peak sound pressure levels and frequency of the acoustic wave. Consequently, we accumulated fundamental knowledge for developing a fully implantable artificial cochlea based on the BAM.
Data mining for path traversal patterns in a web environment (2002)

In this paper, we explore a new data mining capability which involved mining path traversal patterns in a distributed information providing environment like world-wide-web. First, we convert the original sequence of log data into a set of maximal forward references and filter out the effect of some backward references which are mainly made for ease of traveling. Second, we derive algorithms to determine the frequent traversal patterns, i.e., large reference sequences, from the maximal forward references obtained. Two algorithms are devised for determining large reference sequences: one is based on some hashing and pruning techniques, and the other is further improved with the option of determining large reference sequences in batch so as to reduce the number of database scans required. Performance of these two methods is comparatively analyzed.
Nitrogen compounds removal from oil-derived middle distillates by MIL-101(Cr) and its impact on ULSD production by hydrotreating (2021)

Oil-derived middle distillates (straight-run gas oil and mixture with light cycle oil and coker gas oil) for Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) production by HyDroTreating (HDT) were pretreated by selective Nitrogen Organic Compounds (NOC) adsorption. Highly crystalline Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) MIL-101(Cr) prepared with propylene oxide (proton scavenger) as textural improver was used to that end. MOF was characterized by N 2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infrared, Raman and UV-vis spectroscopies, and electron microscopy (SEM and HR-TEM). NOC removal was carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the adsorbent being easily regenerable under mild conditions. Extruded MOF efficiently removed NOC from real feedstocks to concentrations ~ 80 ppm which allowed ULSD production at much milder conditions to those used during pristine feedstocks HDT. Operating temperature could be significantly diminished (from 350 to 330 °C, at 56 kg cm −2 (5.77 MPa), LHSV = 1.5 h −1 , H 2 /oil = 2500 ft 3 bbl −1 (445 m 3 m −3 )) which could notably prolong cycle life of NiMo/Al 2 O 3 formulation used.
Carbon nanotube immobilized polar membranes for enhanced extraction of polar analytes (2012)

We demonstrate for the first time that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be readily immobilized on the surface of a solid polymeric membrane which can lead to enhanced enrichment factor and extraction efficiency. The effectiveness of the CNT mediated process is demonstrated by micro-scale membrane extraction via direct solvent enrichment of polar and nonpolar organics. The enrichment factor measured as the ratio of concentrations in the acceptor to the donor phases was as high as 282 and the enhancement over the unmodified membrane was as much as 92%. In addition, the solvent retention in the carbon nanotube immobilized membrane (CNIM) increased by as much as 29%. Overall, the CNT incorporation provided enhanced solute transport and thus led to overall performance enhancement.
Generation and genetic characterization of immortal human prostate epithelial cell lines derived from primary cancer specimens. (1997)

Difficulty in establishing long-term human prostate epithelial cell lines has impeded efforts to understand prostate tumorigenesis and to develop alternative therapies for prostate cancer. In the current study, we describe a method that was successful in generating 14 immortal benign or malignant prostate epithelial cell cultures from primary adenocarcinomas of the prostate resected from six successive patients. Immortalization with the E6 and E7 transforming proteins of human papilloma virus serotype 16 was necessary to establish long-term cultures. Microscopic examination of fresh tumor specimens exhibited a variable mixture of benign and malignant epithelium. Thus, single-cell cloning of tumor-derived cell cultures was essential for defining tumor cell lines. Efforts to characterize these cultures using traditional criteria such as karyotype, growth in nude mice, and prostate-specific antigen expression were noninformative. However, allelic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) represents a powerful alternative method for characterizing tumor cell lines originating from primary adenocarcinomas of the prostate. Microdissected fresh tumors from four of six patients revealed LOH at multiple loci on chromosome 8p, as assessed by PCR. LOH on chromosome 8p matching the patterns found in microdissected tumors was also observed in a tumor-derived cell line and its clones, as well as in one clone from a tumor-derived cell line from a second patient. LOH was not observed in immortal lines generated from autologous benign prostatic epithelium, seminal vesicle epithelium, or fibroblasts. The multifocal nature of prostate cancer, as well as the presence of an entire spectrum of malignant transformation within individual prostate glands, necessitates this type of careful analysis of derivative cell cultures for their validation as in vitro models that accurately reflect the primary cancers from which they are derived.
Near-term, 100-kW class ion engines (1991)

A design approach for large area, high power ion engines is presented. This approach conceptually divides a single engine into a combination of smaller discharge chambers (or segments) configured to operate as a single large area engine. This segmented ion thruster (SIT) approach is shown to enable the immediate development of 100-kW class argon ion engines for operation at a specific impulse of 10,000 s. A combination of six 30-cm diameter ion chambers operating as a single engine can process over 100 kW. Such a segmented ion engine could be built today and would operate from a single power processor unit. The segmented engine design approach may also enable the development of megawatt class ion engines. Potential benefits of the segmented ion thruster design include: mitigation of the span-to-gap problem central to the development of large area, high power ion engines; reduction in hollow cathode emission current requirements; improved fault tolerance; and reduced vacuum system pumping speed requirements for engine development testing.
Phototransistor-Based Optoelectronic Tweezers for Cell Manipulation in Highly Conductive Solution (2007)

We report on a novel phototransistor-based optoelectronic tweezers (OET) that, for the first time, enables operation in high-conductivity solutions, such as physiological buffers and cell culture media. This new capability allows the manipulation of cells in biocompatible environments. The controlled transport of HeLa and Jurkat cells at velocities of up to 35 μm/s in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution has been demonstrated.
<title>Sol-gel chemical sensors for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy</title> (1999)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) promises to be one of the most sensitive methods for chemical detection. Unfortunately, the inability of SERS to perform quantitative chemical analysis has slowed its general use in laboratories. This is largely due to the difficulty of manufacturing either active surfaces that yield reproducible enhancements, or surfaces that are capable of reversible chemical adsorption, or both. In an effort to meet this need, we have developed metal-doped sol-gels that provide surface-enhancement of Raman scattering. The porous silica network offers a unique environment for stabilizing SER active metal particles and the high surface area increases the interaction between the analyte and metal particles. This eliminates the need to concentrate the analyte on the surface by evaporating the solvent. The sol-gel is easily coated on a variety of surfaces, such as fiber optics, glass slides, or glass tubing, and can be designed into sample flow systems. Here we present the development of both gold- and silver-doped sol-gels, which have been used to coat the inside walls of glass sample vials for SERS applications. The performance of the metal-doped sol-gels was evaluated using p-aminobenzoic acid, to establish enhancement factors, detection limits, dynamic response range, reversibility, reproducibility, and suitability to commercial spectrometers. Measurements of trace chemicals, such as adenine and cocaine, are also presented.
HIV-1 gp120 and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) gp140 Boost Immunogens Increase Immunogenicity of a DNA/MVA HIV-1 Vaccine (2017)

An important goal of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine design is identification of strategies that elicit effective antiviral humoral immunity. One novel approach comprises priming with DNA and boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing HIV-1 Env on virus-like particles. In this study, we evaluated whether the addition of a gp120 protein in alum or MVA-expressed secreted gp140 (MVAgp140) could improve immunogenicity of a DNA prime-MVA boost vaccine. Five rhesus macaques per group received two DNA primes at weeks 0 and 8 followed by three MVA boosts (with or without additional protein or MVAgp140) at weeks 18, 26, and 40. Both boost immunogens enhanced the breadth of HIV-1 gp120 and V1V2 responses, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and low-titer tier 1B and tier 2 neutralizing antibody responses. However, there were differences in antibody kinetics, linear epitope specificity, and CD4 T cell responses between the groups. The gp120 protein boost elicited earlier and higher peak responses, whereas the MVAgp140 boost resulted in improved antibody durability and comparable peak responses after the final immunization. Linear V3 specific IgG responses were particularly enhanced by the gp120 boost, whereas the MVAgp140 boost also enhanced responses to linear C5 and C2.2 epitopes. Interestingly, gp120, but not the MVAgp140 boost, increased peak CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. Thus, both gp120 and MVAgp140 can augment potential protection of a DNA/MVA vaccine by enhancing gp120 and V1/V2 antibody responses, whereas potential protection by gp120, but not MVAgp140 boosts, may be further impacted by increased CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Prior immune correlate analyses with humans and nonhuman primates revealed the importance of antibody responses in preventing HIV-1 infection. A DNA prime-modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boost vaccine has proven to be potent in eliciting antibody responses. Here we explore the ability of boosts with recombinant gp120 protein or MVA-expressed gp140 to enhance antibody responses elicited by the GOVX-B11 DNA prime-MVA boost vaccine. We found that both types of immunogen boosts enhanced potentially protective antibody responses, whereas the gp120 protein boosts also increased CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. Our data provide important information for HIV vaccine designs that aim for effective and balanced humoral and T cell responses.
Nanocomposites of Vertically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Magnetic Alignment and Polymerization of a Lyotropic Precursor (2010)

We demonstrate a novel path for the fabrication of thin-film polymer nanocomposites containing vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Liquid crystal mesophases of hexagonally packed cylindrical micelles orient with their long axes parallel to an applied magnetic field and template the alignment of SWNTs sequestered in the micellar cores. The mesophase is a stable single-phase material containing monomers that can be polymerized after nanotube alignment to form the nanocomposite polymer. The space-pervasive nature of magnetic fields and the tunable physicochemical properties of multicomponent mesophases make this an attractive approach that can be leveraged for application in diverse nanocomposite systems.
Compact turbidity meter (1979)

Proposed monitor that detects back-reflected infrared radiation makes in situ turbidity measurements of lakes, streams, and other bodies of water. Monitor is compact, works well in daylight as at night, and is easily operated in rough seas.
MACRO-PORE HYDROCARBON SATURATION FROM NMR T1 - T2 MAPS IN THE UNCONVENTIONAL POINT-PLEASANT FORMATION (2021)

Of particular interest in unconventional reservoir characterization is an NMR log of total porosity and macro-pore hydrocarbon saturation, where both quantities are independent of a mineralogy model. A log of the macro-pore hydrocarbon saturation has a direct impact on calculating hydrocarbon reserves. It helps identify sweet spots in the reservoir to optimize horizontal-well placement for hydraulic fracturing and production. It also helps avoid water production which would negatively affect the economics of the well. However, NMR logs in unconventional shale are challenging due to potential overlapping signal in the 1-dimensional (1-D) 𝑇𝑇2 domain between micropore water and bound hydrocarbon (i.e. bitumen), and, macro-pore water and hydrocarbons. In response to this challenge, NMR core-analysis in unconventional organic-shale has proven that 2-dimensional (2-D) 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2 correlation maps and the 𝑇𝑇1/𝑇𝑇2 ratio can be a powerful technique for fluid typing and saturation. One limitation is that these techniques often just compare fully hydrocarbon-saturated with fully brine-saturated cores to calibrate a set of cutoffs in 𝑇𝑇1, 𝑇𝑇2, and/or 𝑇𝑇1/𝑇𝑇2 ratio. These cutoffs are then blindly applied to 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2 maps from logs or cores of unknown saturation to determine the macro-pore hydrocarbon saturation in the unconventional organic shale. An example from the unconventional Point-Pleasant formation is shown where the traditional 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2 cutoff technique to determine macro-pore hydrocarbon saturation breaks down, which is remedied by measuring 𝑇𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑇2 maps on mixed hydrocarbon-water saturated cores. The results show that instead of using cutoffs, the log-mean 𝑇𝑇1 , log-mean 𝑇𝑇2 , and log-mean 𝑇𝑇1/𝑇𝑇2 ratio correlate strongly against macro-pore hydrocarbon saturation of the mixed-saturated cores. In particular, for the Point-Pleasant organic-shale formation, the log-mean 𝑇𝑇1 is much more sensitive to macro-pore hydrocarbon saturation than the log-mean 𝑇𝑇2 or log-mean 𝑇𝑇1/𝑇𝑇2 ratio. The calibration of macro-pore hydrocarbon saturation from log-mean 𝑇𝑇1 is found to be different above and below a para-sequence boundary (nonconformity) in the organic-shale interval, the results of which can be used to interpret NMR logs. Details of the time-efficient technique used to obtain the mixed hydrocarbon-water saturated cores are shown.
A New Multi-Objective Comprehensive Optimization Model for Homogeneous Slope Reinforced by Anti-Slide Piles: Insights from Numerical Simulation (2022)

Abstract Landslides have posed a huge threat to the ecological environment and human society all over the world. As the most conventional reinforcement method, anti-slide piles are widely used in the reinforcement of slopes. Currently, more and more attention has been paid to the low-cost and high-efficiency optimal design of anti-slide piles. However, limitations in the method of the optimization design for slopes reinforced with piles still exist. In this paper, a new multi-objective comprehensive optimization method was proposed for the optimization of the slope reinforced with anti-slide piles. The factor of safety, internal force, and deflection of piles were selected as the optimization indexes, and the optimization index weight was determined by integrating the subjective and objective weights. The influence of pile locations, pile lengths, and pile spacings on the reinforcement effect of a homogeneous slope was analyzed via the numerical simulation. Through the simulation case analysis, the proposed model had achieved good effects on the optimization design of anti-slide piles, which could effectively reduce the engineering costs. The optimization results showed that the best reinforcement effect for the homogeneous slope could be obtained when the anti-slide piles with the critical pile length and small pile spacing were located in the middle of the slope. This provides a new solution for the optimization design of other types of complex slopes and has broad application prospects.
High-recall extraction of acronym-definition pairs with relevance feedback (2012)

This paper addresses the problem of extracting acronyms and their definitions from large documents in a setting, when high recall is required and user feedback is available. We propose a three step approach to deal with the problem. First, acronym candidates are extracted using a weak regular expression. This step results in a list of acronyms with high recall but low precision rates. Second, definitions are constructed for every acronym candidate from its surrounding text. And last, a classifier is used to select genuine acronym-definition pairs. At the last step we use relevance feedback mechanism to tune the classifier model for every particular document. This allows achieving reasonable precision without losing recall. As opposed to existing approaches, either created to be generic and domain independent or tuned to one particular domain, our method is adaptive to an input document. We evaluate the proposed approach using three datasets from different domains. The experiments prove the validity of the presented ideas.
Ultrasonics Equipped Crimp Tool: A New Technology for Aircraft Wiring Safety (2006)

We report on the development of a new measurement technique to quantitatively assess the condition of wire crimp connections. This ultrasonic (UT) method transmits high frequency sound waves through the joint under inspection. The wire-crimp region filters and scatters the ultrasonic energy as it passes through the crimp and wire. The resulting output (both time and frequency domains) provides a quantitative measure of the joint quality that is independent and unaffected by current. Crimps of poor mechanical and electrical quality will result in low temporal output and will distort the spectrum into unique and predictable patterns, depending on crimp "quality". This inexpensive, real-time measurement system can provide certification of crimps as they are made and recertification of existing wire crimps currently in service. The measurements for re-certification do not require that the wire be disconnected from its circuit. No other technology exists to measure in-situ the condition of wire joints (no electrical currents through the crimp are used in this analytical technique). We discuss the signals obtained from this instrument, and correlate these signals with destructive wire pull tests.