gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packet Loss Burstiness: Measurements and Implications for Distributed Applications (2007)

Many modern massively distributed systems deploy thousands of nodes to cooperate on a computation task. Network congestions occur in these systems. Most applications rely on congestion control protocols such as TCP to protect the systems from congestion collapse. Most TCP congestion control algorithms use packet loss as signal to detect congestion. In this paper, we study the packet loss process in sub-round-trip-time (sub-RTT) timescale and its impact on the loss-based congestion control algorithms. Our study suggests that the packet loss in sub-RTT timescale is very bursty. This burstiness leads to two effects. First, the sub-RTT burstiness in packet loss process leads to complicated interactions between different loss-based algorithms. Second, the sub-RTT burstiness in packet loss process makes the latency of data transfers under TCP hard to predict. Our results suggest that the design of a distributed system has to seriously consider the nature of packet loss process and carefully select the congestion control algorithms best suited for the distributed computation environments.
Non-agueous Li/MnO/sub 2/ cell (1983)

A non-aqueous Li/MnO/sub 2/ cell is disclosed having an electrolyte which improves the capacity thereof and which consists of an electrolyte salt such as LiClO/sub 4/ dissolved in 1,3 dioxolane.
A High-Efficiency Broadband Rectenna for Ambient Wireless Energy Harvesting (2015)

This paper presents a novel broadband rectenna for ambient wireless energy harvesting over the frequency band from 1.8 to 2.5 GHz. First of all, the characteristics of the ambient radio-frequency energy are studied. The results are then used to aid the design of a new rectenna. A novel two-branch impedance matching circuit is introduced to enhance the performance and efficiency of the rectenna at a relatively low ambient input power level. A novel broadband dual-polarized cross-dipole antenna is proposed which has embedded harmonic rejection property and can reject the second and third harmonics to further improve the rectenna efficiency. The measured power sensitivity of this design is down to -35 dBm and the conversion efficiency reaches 55% when the input power to the rectifier is -10 dBm. It is demonstrated that the output power from the proposed rectenna is higher than the other published designs with a similar antenna size under the same ambient condition. The proposed broadband rectenna could be used to power many low-power electronic devices and sensors and found a range of potential applications.
Simulation of non-uniform wafer geometry and thin film residual stress on overlay errors (2011)

The deposition of residually stressed films in semiconductor manufacturing processes introduces elastic distortions in the wafer that can contribute to overlay errors in lithographic patterning. The distortion induced by film deposition causes out-of-plane distortion (i.e. wafer shape) that can be measured with commercial metrology tools as well as in-plane distortion that leads to overlay errors. In the present work, overlay errors and out-of-plane distortion of wafers resulting from residual stresses that are non-uniform over the area of wafer are examined using computational mechanics modeling. The results of these simulations are used to examine the correlations between wafer shape features and overlay errors. Specifically, connections between overlay errors and metrics based on the slope of the wafer shape are assessed.
Analysis of Three-Carrier Ambiguity Resolution (TCAR) Technique for Precise Relative Positioning in GNSS-2 (1998)

In the framework of the Global Navigation Satellite
System 2 nd Generation Program (GNSS-2), which aims at
the design of a future civilian satellite navigation system,
the European Space Agency (ESA) recently commissioned
a series of studies which cover the signal structure design, the development of a navigation payload breadboard and
the definition of a navigation experiment. One of the
initiated activities is the “Study of Precise Relative
Positioning using GNSS-2 Three-Carrier Ambiguity
Resolution (TCAR)”.
The TCAR concept has been proposed within the studies
related to the signal structure as a means to allow for
instantaneous ambiguity resolution. The technique is based
on the use of three modulated carriers which theoretically
allow to reduce the number of candidate points of the
ambiguity to only one, hence making extremely precise
navigation possible in real-time. The method works in a
stepwise fashion, starting from the code-phase to the single
carrier-phase resolution, stepping through two intermediate
wide-lane frequencies. We analyzed the robustness of the
TCAR technique against different types of errors, its
performance and possibilities, and methods to increase its
efficiency.
This paper includes a review of the state of the art, a
presentation of TCAR theoretical background, a discussion
of error sources and their impact on performance, the
integration of TCAR and search approaches, simulation
setup and simulation results so far.
The work described in the paper was done under ESA
contract. Responsibility for the contents resides in the
authors who prepared it.
Electromagnetic-Repulsion Systems For Deicing Aircraft (1994)

Improved eddy-current electromagnetic-repulsion deicing systems developed for use on variety of exterior aircraft surfaces like leading edges of wings, engine inlets, propellers, and helicopter rotors. Fit to exterior surfaces, as retrofits or original equipment. Systems light in weight, consume little average power, and capable of protecting against severe icing conditions.
Integrated Microfluidic Cooling and Interconnects for 2D and 3D Chips (2010)

Power dissipation in microprocessors is projected to reach a level that may necessitate chip-level liquid cooling in the near future. An on-chip microchannel heat sink can reduce the total thermal interfaces between an integrated circuit chip and the convective cooling medium and therefore yield smaller junction-to-ambient thermal resistance. This paper reports the fabrication, assembly, and testing of a silicon chip with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process compatible microchannel heat sink and thermofluidic chip input/output (I/O) interconnects fabricated using wafer-level batch processing. Ultra-small form factor, low-cost fabrication and assembly (system integration) are achieved for 2D and 3D chips, as the microchannel heat sink is fabricated directly on back-side of each chip. Through-wafer electrical and fluidic vias are used to interconnect the monolithically integrated microchannel heat sink to thermofluidic chip I/O interconnections. The feasibility of the novel fluidic I/O interconnect is demonstrated through preliminary thermal resistance measurements.
Second generation advanced reburning for high efficiency NO(x) control. Progress report, 1196 (1996)

This project is designed to develop a family of novel NO{sub x} control technologies, called Second Generation Advanced Reburning (SGAR), which has the potential to achieve 90+% NO{sub x} control in coal fired boilers at a significantly lower cost than Selective Catalytic Reduction. Phase I consists of six tasks: Task 1.1 Project Coordination and Reporting/Deliverables; Task 1.2 Kinetics of Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} Reactions with Flue Gas Components; Task 1.3 O.l x lO{sup 6}Btu/hr Optimization Studies; Task 1.4 1.0 x 10{sup 6} Btu/hr Process Development Tests; Task 1.5 Mechanism Development and Modeling; and Task 1. 6 Design Methodology and Application. The fourth reporting period (July 1 - September 30, 1996) included both experimental and modeling activities. The bench scale CTT experiments (Task 1.3) were completed. The 1 MMBtu/hr Boiler Simulator Facility (BSF) was prepared for the test program and experiments were conducted using natural gas (NG) as main and reburing fuels (Task 1.4). A few preliminary tests were also performed with coal firing. The results have been reduced and are reported. Initial experimental data were obtained on reactions of sodium promoters (Task 1.2) at the University of Texas in Austin (UT). The kinetic model was extended to include reactions of sulfur and sodium (Task 1.5).
Racetrack memory: A storage class memory based on current controlled magnetic domain wall motion (2009)

Racetrack memory promises a novel storage-class memory with the low cost per bit of magnetic disk drives but the high performance and reliability of conventional solid state memories. Unlike conventional memories, the fundamental concept of racetrack memory (RM) is to store multiple data bits as many as 10 to 100 bits per access point, rather than the typical single bit per transistor. This is accomplished in racetrack memory by storing data bits in the form of domain walls in magnetic nanowires which are oriented either parallel to the surface or perpendicular to the surface of a silicon wafer. These distinct structures form "horizontal" and "vertical" racetrack memories. This paper discusses progress towards building a racetrack memory and the fundamental physics underlying it. In particular, the current and field controlled dynamical motion of magnetic domain walls in magnetic nanowires formed from permalloy and related materials are discussed.
Anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol—Bacterial cellulose nanocomposite for biomedical applications (2008)

Compliance mismatch between the synthetic graft and the surrounding native tissue has been reported as a major factor in ultimate failure of the currently used cardiovascular graft replacements. Thus, developing biomaterials that display close mechanical properties as the tissue it is replacing is an important objective in biomedical devices design. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biocompatible hydrogel with characteristics desired for biomedical applications. It can be crosslinked by a low temperature thermal cycling process. By using a novel thermal processing method under an applied strain and with the addition of a small amount of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers, an anisotropic PVA-BC nanocomposite was created. The stress-strain tensile properties of porcine aorta were closely matched in both the circumferential and the axial directions by one type of anisotropic PVA-BC nanocomposite (10% PVA with 0.3% BC at 75% initial strain and cycle 2) within physiological range, with improved resistance to further stretch beyond physiological strains. The PVA-BC nanocomposite gives a broad range of mechanical properties, including anisotropy, by controlling material and processing parameters. PVA-BC nanocomposites with controlled degree of anisotropy that closely match the mechanical properties of the soft tissue it might replace, ranging from cardiovascular to other connective tissues, can be created.
CTH01-2: Optimum Ergodic Power Allocation for Multiuser OFDM with Arbitrary Signal Constellations (2006)

This paper formulates the power allocation policy that maximizes the region of ergodic mutual informations achievable in multiuser downlink OFDM channels known only statistically by the base station. Arbitrary partitioning of the available tones among users and arbitrary modulation formats, possibly different for every user, are considered. The derivation relies on the nexus between the mutual information of Gaussian channels and the minimum mean-square error incurred in the nonlinear estimation of the transmit constellation points given their noisy receive observations.
Controlled Photochemical Release of Nitric Oxide from<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-Benzyl-Substituted Diazeniumdiolates (2002)

An investigation of potential photosensitive protecting groups for diazeniumdiolates (R2N-N(O)=NO-) has been initiated, and here the effect of meta electron-donating groups on the photochemistry of O2-benzyl-substituted diazeniumdiolates (R2N-N(O)=NOCH2Ar) is reported. Photolysis of the parent benzyl derivative (Ar = Ph) results almost exclusively in undesired photochemistry-the formation of nitrosamine and an oxynitrene intermediate with very little, if any, photorelease of the diazeniumdiolate. We have been able to use meta substitution to tune the photochemistry of these benzylic systems. The desired diazeniumdiolate photorelease has been shown to become more substantial with stronger pi-donating meta substituents. This effect has been verified by direct observation of the photoreleased diazeniumdiolate with 1H NMR spectroscopy and by NO quantification measurements conducted in high- and low-pH solutions. In addition, the observed rates of NO release are consistent with that expected for normal thermal decomposition of the diazeniumdiolate in aqueous solutions and also show the same pH dependence.
A Disposable Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Using Catalytic Subunit of Novel Thermostable Glucose Dehydrogenase (2007)

We report here the development of a novel disposable-type glucose enzyme sensor based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) employing a catalytic subunit of FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FADGDH) and a Rucomplex (hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride) as the electron mediator. The whole blood glucose measurement was achieved in 2 seconds using a 500 nl sample of the range of 100-800 mg/ml.
The efficacy of acquired humoral and cellular immunity in the prevention and therapy of experimental fungal infections (2000)

In the past two decades, numerous studies have documented the importance of acquired immunity for host defense against invasive fungal infections. There is widespread consensus in the field of medical mycology that cellular immunity is critical for successful host defense against fungi. However, in recent years several studies have established the potential efficacy of humoral immunity in host protection against two major fungal pathogens: Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. For C. albicans, antibodies to mannan, proteases and a heat shock proteins have been associated with protection against infection. Furthermore, anti-idiotypic antibodies to antibodies recognizing killer toxin from Pichia anomala and mimicking natural anti-killer toxin receptor antibodies can protect against C. albicans and other microorganisms. For C. neoformans, antibodies to the capsular glucuronoxylomannan have been shown to mediate protection in animal models of infection. Vaccines that induce protective antibodies have been shown to protect against experimental C. albicans and C. neoformans infection. In contrast, humoral immunity has not yet been demonstrated to mediate protection against Coccidioides immitis. For C. immitis, protection against infection is thought to rely on T cell mediated immunity, and the emphasis is on identifying the antigens that stimulate protective cellular immune responses and several candidate vaccines have been identified. These results provide encouragement for the view that acquired immune responses can be mobilized for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections.
An electroacoustical analog for estimating sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane at high frequencies. (2009)

For various applications, it is useful to know the sound pressure level (SPL) at the tympanic membrane (TM). However, measuring the SPL close to the TM is not clinically feasible, due to safety and discomfort concerns. Therefore, it is desirable to estimate the SPL at the TM using measurements away from the TM. This is challenging at high frequencies where the effect of canal geometry becomes significant as the wavelength of the acoustical source becomes comparable to the dimensions of the canal. In this study, an electroacoustical analog was used to estimate the SPL at the TM for ten participants. The analog is comprised of a transducer (i.e., sound source), occluded ear canal, and the middle ear [Pascal et al. (1998)]. The ear model was optimized for each individual using a 2-parameter fit using real ear measurements further away in the canal. The optimization did not require inputs that may be difficult to obtain such as the exact canal geometry. A simulated transfer function was created and applied to each measured real-ear response to generate the estimated response at the TM. The model was verified using the SPL measured at the TM.
Recurrent Rhoa Mutations In Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (2013)

Abstract Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous and poorly understood group of aggressive non Hodgkin lymphomas with poor prognosis. To gain further insight on the genetics and pathogenic mechanisms of aggressive PTCLs we performed whole exome sequencing of matched tumor and normal DNA samples from 12 PTCL patients including 6 PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) tumors, 3 angioimunoablastic (AITL) T-cell lymphomas, 2 nasal type NK-/T-cell lymphomas and one enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL). This analysis identified 288 candidate coding somatic mutations in 268 genes and a mean mutation load of 24 non synonymous mutations per sample (range 4 – 57). Among these we noted the presence of a recurrent heterozygous mutation in the RHOA small GTPase gene (RHOA G17V) present in two independent AITL samples and one PTCL NOS biopsy. Analysis of a broad and diverse panel of 126 PTCL samples identified the presence of the RHOA G17V allele in 32 samples with a high prevalence in AITL (24/36, 67%, P < 0.001) and PTCL NOS cases (8/44, 18%, P < 0.002). The RHOA protein belongs to the Rho family of small GTPases, a group of Ras-like proteins responsible for linking a variety of cell-surface receptors to different intracellular signaling proteins. As is the case for RAS and most other small GTPases, RHOA activation is mediated by guanine exchange factors (GEFs), which catalyze the switch of RHOA from an inactive GDP-bound to an active GTP-bound state. Thus, and to test the functional significance of the RHOA G17V mutation we analyzed the capacity of this mutant to load GTP. This analysis revealed that RHOA G17V fails to incorporate GTP in response to an activated GEF in vitro. Moreover, and consistent with its inability to bind GTP, RHOA G17V failed to interact with rhotekin, a RHOA effector protein that selectively interacts with the GTP-bound active form of RHOA. However and most notably, the lack of RHOA G17V activation is not the result of a defect in RHOA-GEF interaction as RHOA G17V pull down assays demonstrated effective binding of this mutant protein to activated GEF proteins in T-cells. Based on these results we proposed an inhibitory role for RHOA G17V via sequestration of active GEF proteins. Consistently, while forced activation of RHOA signaling by GFP-RHOA overexpression induced loss of adhesion and round cell morphology in HEK293T cells, transfection of GFP-RHOA-G17V induced increased elongation and cellular protrusions as result of RHOA inactivation. In addition, immunoflourescence analysis of actin stress fiber formation by RHOA demonstrated effective abrogation of RHOA mediated cytoskeleton remodeling in cells expressing RHOA G17V. Overall these results show novel insight on the genetic basis of PTCLs and demonstrate a prominent role for RHOA G17V in the pathogenesis of AITL via disruption of RHOA signaling. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
pbCAM: Probabilistically-banked Content Addressable Memory (2012)

Content Addressable Memories find wide use in network routers and certain image processing applications. However, their use is limited due to their high power demand resulting from their high activity factor. A banked CAM, on the other hand, partitions the entire CAM into smaller banks to cut down on excessive searches, while it may reduce the effective CAM size when the data entries are unevenly distributed. A new banked CAM design is introduced in this paper which achieves significant energy and power savings through the use of Bloom Filters by effectively decoupling data elements from their bank index. Simulation results show energy savings of nearly an order of magnitude.
Discovery of Stable Non-opioid Dynorphin A Analogues Interacting at the Bradykinin Receptors for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2016)

Dynorphin A (Dyn A) is a unique endogenous ligand that possesses well-known neuroinhibitory effects via opioid receptors with a preference for the kappa receptor but also neuroexcitatory effects, which cause hyperalgesia. We have shown that the neuroexcitatory effects are mediated through bradykinin (BK) receptors and that intrathecal (i.th.) administration of our lead ligand 1, [des-Arg<sup>7</sup>]-Dyn A-(4-11), which shows good binding affinity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 150 nM) at the BK receptors, blocks Dyn A-induced hyperalgesia in naïve animals and reverses thermal and tactile hypersensitivities in a dose-dependent manner in nerve-injured animals. However, 1 has a serious drawback as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of neuropathic pain because of its susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. In an effort to increase its stability, we modified ligand 1 using non-natural amino acids and found that analogues substituted at or near the N-terminus with a d-isomer retain binding at the receptor and provide a large increase in stability. In particular when Leu<sup>5</sup> was modified, with either the d-isomer or N-methylation, there was a large increase in stability (t<sub>1/2</sub> = 0.7-160 h in rat plasma) observed. From these studies, we have developed a very stable Dyn A analogue 16, [d-Leu<sup>5</sup>,des-Arg<sup>7</sup>]-Dyn A-(4-11), that binds to BK receptors (IC<sub>50</sub> = 130 nM) in the same range as ligand 1 and shows good antihyperalgesic effects in both naïve rats and L<sub>5</sub>/L<sub>6</sub> spinal nerve ligation rats.
Stable spaces for real-time clothing (2010)

We present a technique for learning clothing models that enables the simultaneous animation of thousands of detailed garments in real-time. This surprisingly simple conditional model learns and preserves the key dynamic properties of a cloth motion along with folding details. Our approach requires no a priori physical model, but rather treats training data as a "black box." We show that the models learned with our method are stable over large time-steps and can approximately resolve cloth-body collisions. We also show that within a class of methods, no simpler model covers the full range of cloth dynamics captured by ours. Our method bridges the current gap between skinning and physical simulation, combining benefits of speed from the former with dynamic effects from the latter. We demonstrate our approach on a variety of apparel worn by male and female human characters performing a varied set of motions typically used in video games (e.g., walking, running, jumping, etc.).
Bifurcation-based mass sensing using piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilevers (2011)

In conventional implementations, resonant chemical and biological sensors exploit chemomechanically-induced frequency shifts, which occur in linear systems, for analyte detection. In this letter, an alternative sensing approach, based upon dynamic transitions across saddle-node bifurcations is investigated. This technique not only has the potential to render improved sensor metrics but also to eliminate frequency tracking components from final device implementations. The present work details proof-of-concept experiments on bifurcation-based sensing, which were conducted using selectively functionalized, piezoelectrically-actuated microcantilevers. Preliminary results reveal the proposed sensing technique to be a viable alternative to existing resonant sensing methods.
Storing Digital Data Into DNA: A Comparative Study Of Quaternary Code Construction (2020)

The exponential increase of digital data that is being generated every year along with the capacity and durability limits of conventional storage devices are raising one of the greatest challenges for the field of data storage. The use of DNA for digital data archiving is a very promising alternative as the biological properties of the DNA molecule allow the storage of a huge amount of information into a very limited volume while also promising data longevity for centuries or even longer. In this paper we present a comparative study of our work with the state of the art solutions, and show that our solution is competitive.