gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leaky-wave propagation and radiation for a narrow-beam multiple-layer dielectric structure (1993)

Previous work has demonstrated that very narrow beam radiation patterns can be obtained from a simple source embedded within multiple dielectric layers of appropriate thicknesses above a ground plane. The configuration consists of dielectric layers having permittivities epsilon /sub 1/ and epsilon /sub 2/ stacked in an alternating arrangement, with epsilon /sub 2/> epsilon /sub 1/. This narrow-beam effect can be attributed to weakly attenuated leaky waves that exist on the structure. Simple asymptotic formulas for the propagation and attenuation constants are derived. The formulas show how the beamwidth varies with the number of layers and the material constants. The exact radiation pattern is compared with the leaky-wave pattern for a specific case to demonstrate the role of the leaky waves in determining the total pattern.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treating Sepsis (2002)

Sepsis, a leading cause of death in the United States, is now viewed physiologically as a proinflammatory and procoagulant response to invading pathogens. There are three recognized stages in the hierarchy of the inflammatory response, with progressively increased risk of end-organ failure and death: sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Patients with infection plus two or more elements of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome meet the criteria for sepsis; those who also have end-organ failure are considered to have severe sepsis; and those who also have refractory hypotension are considered to be in septic shock (see Figure). Because the crude . . .
An integrated linear position sensitive detector with digital output (2002)

An integrated linear position sensitive detector (PSD) with digital output is presented. A novel interpolating analog-to-digital converter based on a sigma-delta converter is applied to perform three operations simultaneously. These are calculations of the relative position, cancellation of errors of both an optical and an electrical nature, and generation of a digital output. The digital output format allows serial bus communication. The realized 6.5*2.5 mm/sup 2/ smart sensor is integrated in a standard bipolar IC process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Inducible DNA Cross-Linking Agents and Their Effect on Cancer Cells and Normal Lymphocytes (2014)

Reducing host toxicity is one of the main challenges of cancer chemotherapy. Many tumor cells contain high levels of ROS that make them distinctively different from normal cells. We report a series of ROS-activated aromatic nitrogen mustards that selectively kill chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) over normal lymphocytes. These agents showed powerful DNA cross-linking abilities when coupled with H2O2, one of the most common ROS in cancer cells, whereas little DNA cross-linking was detected without H2O2. Consistent with chemistry observation, in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that these agents induced 40-80% apoptosis in primary leukemic lymphocytes isolated from CLL patients but less than 25% cell death to normal lymphocytes from healthy donors. The IC50 for the most potent compound (2) was ~5 μM in CLL cells, while the IC50 was not achieved in normal lymphocytes. Collectively, these data provide utility and selectivity of these agents that will inspire further and effective applications.
DLS$@$CU: Sentence Similarity from Word Alignment and Semantic Vector Composition (2015)

We describe a set of top-performing systems at the SemEval 2015 English Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) task. Given two English sentences, each system outputs the degree of their semantic similarity. Our unsupervised system, which is based on word alignments across the two input sentences, ranked 5th among 73 submitted system runs with a mean correlation of 79.19% with human annotations. We also submitted two runs of a supervised system which uses word alignments and similarities between compositional sentence vectors as its features. Our best supervised run ranked 1st with a mean correlation of 80.15%.
Leveraging Semi-Supervised Learning for Fairness using Neural Networks (2019)

There has been a growing concern about the fairness of decision-making systems based on machine learning. The shortage of labeled data has been always a challenging problem facing machine learning based systems. In such scenarios, semi-supervised learning has shown to be an effective way of exploiting unlabeled data to improve upon the performance of model. Notably, unlabeled data do not contain label information which itself can be a significant source of bias in training machine learning systems. This inspired us to tackle the challenge of fairness by formulating the problem in a semi-supervised framework. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised algorithm using neural networks benefiting from unlabeled data to not just improve the performance but also improve the fairness of the decision-making process. The proposed model, called SSFair, exploits the information in the unlabeled data to mitigate the bias in the training data.
Towards scalable algorithms with formal guarantees for Lyapunov analysis of control systems via algebraic optimization (2014)

Exciting recent developments at the interface of optimization and control have shown that several fundamental problems in dynamics and control, such as stability, collision avoidance, robust performance, and controller synthesis can be addressed by a synergy of classical tools from Lyapunov theory and modern computational techniques from algebraic optimization. In this paper, we give a brief overview of our recent research efforts (with various coauthors) to (i) enhance the scalability of the algorithms in this field, and (ii) understand their worst case performance guarantees as well as fundamental limitations. Our results are tersely surveyed and challenges/opportunities that lie ahead are stated.
Removal of selected NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) in aqueous samples by Octolig® (2015)

The possibility of removing representative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from water was tested using Octolig®, a commercially available material with polyethylenediimine moieties covalently attached to high-surface area silica gel. The effectiveness of removal should depend on selected NSAIDs having appropriate anionic functional groups. NSAIDs selected had aromatic carboxylic groups: diclofenac, fenoprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, and sulindac. These substances in deionized (DI) water were removed by passage over Octolig columns with removal values approaching 90% at environmental pH values, e.g., ca pH 6. Fenoprofen, however, was only removed to an extent of 80% in DI water and 62% in well water, presumably a result of competition with bicarbonate ions.
Tracking 3D Moving Objects Based on GPS/IMU Navigation Solution, Laser Scanner Point Cloud and GIS Data (2015)

Monitoring vehicular road traffic is a key component of any autonomous driving platform. Detecting moving objects, and tracking them, is crucial to navigating around objects and predicting their locations and trajectories. Laser sensors provide an excellent observation of the area around vehicles, but the point cloud of objects may be noisy, occluded, and prone to different errors. Consequently, object tracking is an open problem, especially for low-quality point clouds. This paper describes a pipeline to integrate various sensor data and prior information, such as a Geospatial Information System (GIS) map, to segment and track moving objects in a scene. We show that even a low-quality GIS map, such as OpenStreetMap (OSM), can improve the tracking accuracy, as well as decrease processing time. A bank of Kalman filters is used to track moving objects in a scene. In addition, we apply non-holonomic constraint to provide a better orientation estimation of moving objects. The results show that moving objects can be correctly detected, and accurately tracked, over time, based on modest quality Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data, a coarse GIS map, and a fairly accurate Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) navigation solution.
DeepHunter: Hunting Deep Neural Network Defects via Coverage-Guided Fuzzing (2018)

In company with the data explosion over the past decade, deep neural network (DNN) based software has experienced unprecedented leap and is becoming the key driving force of many novel industrial applications, including many safety-critical scenarios such as autonomous driving. Despite great success achieved in various human intelligence tasks, similar to traditional software, DNNs could also exhibit incorrect behaviors caused by hidden defects causing severe accidents and losses. In this paper, we propose DeepHunter, an automated fuzz testing framework for hunting potential defects of general-purpose DNNs. DeepHunter performs metamorphic mutation to generate new semantically preserved tests, and leverages multiple plugable coverage criteria as feedback to guide the test generation from different perspectives. To be scalable towards practical-sized DNNs, DeepHunter maintains multiple tests in a batch, and prioritizes the tests selection based on active feedback. The effectiveness of DeepHunter is extensively investigated on 3 popular datasets (MNIST, CIFAR-10, ImageNet) and 7 DNNs with diverse complexities, under a large set of 6 coverage criteria as feedback. The large-scale experiments demonstrate that DeepHunter can (1) significantly boost the coverage with guidance; (2) generate useful tests to detect erroneous behaviors and facilitate the DNN model quality evaluation; (3) accurately capture potential defects during DNN quantization for platform migration.
Smooth Animation for Plant Growth Using Time Embedded Component and Growth Function (2002)

The iteration of the Lindenmayer system (L-system) has been used to animate the plant growth, however the development of the plant model at each time step is not smooth and continuous. This paper proposes an animating plant growth in L-system by a time embedded component and growth function for the length, size and position of each component of the plant shoot and root, such as, plant internodes, leaves, flowers, petioles, apices and root parts. The development of plant growth seems to be smoother and more natural as well as realistic. This prototype can be used to generate the realistic model of any plant based on a Bracketed and Stochastic L-system.
Safety, toleration, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous azithromycin (1996)

To date, the clinical pharmacology of large intravenous doses of azithromycin has not been described. In the present study, single 2-h intravenous infusions of 1, 2, and 4 g of azithromycin were administered to three parallel groups (in each group, six received active drug and two received placebo) of healthy male subjects. Toleration (assessed by scores of subject-administered visual analog scale tests spanning 0 [good] to 10 [poor]), safety, pharmacokinetics, and serum motilin levels were monitored for up to 240 h after the start of each intravenous infusion. Mean nausea scores of 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, and 0.5 and abdominal cramping scores of 0.0, 0.0, 0.4, and 0.4 for 12-h periods after doses of 0, 1, 2, and 4 g of azithromycin, respectively, suggested that azithromycin was well tolerated. Because of the standardized 1-mg/ml infusates, all subjects in the 4-g dosing group complained of an urgent need to urinate. There were no consistent trends in endogenous motilin levels throughout the study. The maximum concentration of azithromycin in serum (10 micrograms/ml after a 4-g dose) and the area under the concentration-time curve (82 micrograms.h/ml after a 4-g dose) were dose related. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters were an elimination half-life of 69 h, total systemic clearance of 10 ml/min/kg, and a volume of distribution at steady state of 33.3 liters/kg. The pharmacokinetic results suggest that the long half-life of azithromycin is due to extensive uptake and slow release of the drug from tissues rather than an inability to clear the drug. Single intravenous doses of up to 4 g of azithromycin in healthy subjects are generally well tolerated, and quantifiable concentrations may persist in serum for 10 days or more.
Enforcing image consistency in multiple 3-D object modelling (2008)

In this paper we present a new approach for modelling multiple object scenes using images taken from various viewpoints. The voxel representation produced by the space carving is used for estimating the parameters of radial basis function functions (RBFs). A new methodology is proposed for correcting the modelling errors within the RBF framework, by enforcing consistency with the input images by matching along epipolar lines, and enforcing silhouette constraints using the visual hull. The proposed methodology is applied on two datasets consisting of several objects while providing quantitative and qualitative assessment.
The role of apolipoprotein E in the nervous system (1994)

Human apolipoprotein (apo)E, an important component of plasma lipoprotein metabolism, was recently linked to Alzheimer's disease. Of the three common apoE alleles, epsilon 4 has emerged as a major risk factor. This review summarizes the data leading to this conclusion and discusses possible mechanisms for apoE involvement based on recent biochemical studies.
A controllable susceptibility marker for passive device tracking (2013)

A new passive tracking device with a susceptibility effect that can be enabled and disabled by sliding one of the components was designed, fabricated, and demonstrated in phantoms and in vivo. The device may also be integrated into many different interventional MR devices such as needles, ultrasound transducers for prostate biopsy, or any catheter-based devices.
A multidetector scintillation camera with 254 channels. (1977)

A computer-based scintillation camera has been designed for both dynamic and static radionuclide studies. The detecting head has 254 independent sodium iodide crystals, each with a photomultiplier and amplifier. In dynamic measurements simultaneous events can be recorded, and 1 million total counts per second can be accommodated with less than 0.5% loss in any one channel. This corresponds to a calculated deadtime of 5 nsec. The multidetector camera is being used for 133Xe dynamic studies of regional cerebral blood flow in man and for 99mTc and 197 Hg static imaging of the brain.
Challenges in hardening technologies using shallow-trench isolation (1998)

Challenges related to radiation hardening CMOS technologies with shallow-trench isolation are explored. It is shown that developing a radiation-hardened CMOS technology with shallow trench isolation is more complex than using a traditional hardened field oxide as the trench insulator. We illustrate the use of device simulations in concert with measurements on test structures to provide detailed physical insight into methods for improving total-dose radiation response. Mechanisms that can limit the total-dose radiation hardness of shallow trench isolation such as high electric fields and ion implantation damage are explored. We demonstrate the successful conversion of a non-radiation hardened technology with LOCOS isolation (Sandia's CMOS6) into a greater than 1 Mrad(SiO/sub 2/) radiation-hardened shallow-trench isolated technology (Sandia's CMOS6r).
High‐resolution imaging mass spectrometry reveals detailed spatial distribution of phosphatidylinositols in human breast cancer (2013)

High-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) is an emerging application for lipid research that provides a comprehensive and detailed spatial distribution of ionized molecules. Recent lipidomic approach has identified several phospholipids and phosphatidylinositols (PIs) are accumulated in breast cancer tissues and are therefore novel biomarker candidates. Because their distribution and significance remain unclear, we investigated the precise spatial distribution of PIs in human breast cancer tissues using high-resolution MALDI IMS. We evaluated tissues from nine human breast cancers and one normal mammary gland by negative ion MALDI IMS at a resolution of 10 μm. We detected 10 PIs with different fatty acid compositions, and their proportions were remarkably variable in the malignant epithelial regions. High-resolution imaging enabled us to discriminate cancer cell clusters from the adjacent stromal tissue within epithelial regions; moreover, this technique revealed that several PIs were specifically localized to cancer cell clusters. These PIs were heterogeneously distributed within cancer cell clusters, allowing us to identify two different populations of cancer cells that predominantly expressed either PI(18:0/18:1) or PI(18:0/20:3). Tracing the expression level of PIs during cancer cell progression suggested that the latter population is associated with the invasion. Our study documents a novel model for phospholipid analysis of breast cancer tissues by using high-resolution MALDI IMS and identifies candidate PIs that can describe a specific phenotype of cancer cells.
Comparison of gas and liquid ventilation: clinical, physiological, and histological correlates (1992)

To differentiate the effects of gas and liquid ventilation on cardiopulmonary function during early development, we compared the clinical, physiological, and histological profiles of gas- and liquid-ventilated preterm lambs (n = 16; 108-116 days gestation). Immediately after cesarean section delivery, ventilation commenced using gas delivered by a volume ventilator (n = 9) or liquid perfluorochemical (n = 7) delivered by a mechanically assisted liquid ventilation system. Pulmonary gas exchange, acid-base status, vital signs, and respiratory compliance were assessed during the 3-h protocol; sections of the lungs were obtained for histological analyses when the animals were killed. Six of nine gas-ventilated lambs expired from respiratory failure before 3 h, with the remaining animals experiencing severe respiratory insufficiency, pneumothoraces, and cardiovascular deterioration. Six of seven liquid-ventilated lambs survived with good gas exchange and cardiovascular stability and without fluorothorax; one experienced ventricular fibrillation before 1 h and expired despite pulmonary stability. Respiratory compliance was significantly greater in the liquid- than in the gas-ventilated lambs. Histological analyses of gas-ventilated lungs demonstrated nonhomogeneous lung expansion, with thick-walled gas exchange spaces containing proteinaceous exudate, hemorrhage, and hyaline membranes. In contrast, liquid-ventilated lungs appeared clear, with thin-walled and uniformly expanded gas exchange spaces that were free of hyaline membranes and luminal debris. Morphometric analyses demonstrated that surface area and gas exchange index were greater in the liquid- than in the gas-ventilated lambs. These results indicate that elimination of surface active forces by liquid ventilation during early development provides more effective gas exchange with less barotrauma compared with gas ventilation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Progress in research on reconstruction of fallopian tube after ligation]. (1984)

An informative summary of foreign developments in microsurgical techniques used in post ligation fallopian tube reconstruction is discussed. In China, reconstructive surgery is limited to the traditional method of placing frames in the fallopian tube in order to prevent occlusion and/or anastomotic stenosis. The author maintains that this widely used technique is problematic due to frequent complications from injuries to the endosalpinx during implantation; moreover, frequent slippage of the commonly used polyvinyl frames also poses a number of problems. Since 1974, the authors have used type II catgut in suturing tissue following tubal-ampula anastomosis and fimbrial fistulation surgery. Polyvinyl tubing (inner diameter .5 mm) has also been used successfully in stenotic-stenotic and stenotic-interstial anastomotic surgery at Zhejiang Medical University (specific techniques and results are not disclosed). The author maintains that the wide discrepancy in the number of post surgery extrauterine pregnancies (0%-27% of cases) may be due to factors such as the severity and and extent of injuries to the fallopian tube during surgery, postoperative infections, and mucosal occlusion.
Perovskite nanostructures for photovoltaic and energy storage devices (2018)

Exploring perovskite nanostructured materials of different morphologies, structures and compositions as viable materials for high performance energy technologies.
Unifying service level management using an MDA-based approach (2004)

Service level management (SLM) has gained more and more importance in the past few years. One of the biggest challenges is the integration of emerging new technologies such as Web services. A large number of different SLM approaches has been proposed which complicates an efficient SLM. This paper describes an SLM approach that is based on the model driven architecture (MDA). The first step is to specify abstract reusable SLA patterns which are bound later to a concrete management platform and are finally physically deployed into the managed environment. This approach benefits from the advantages of the MDA and provides a mechanism for transforming SLA patterns for different SLA management platforms. Our approach has been prototypically implemented for the Web services level agreement (WSLA) environment.
An improved procedure for the preparation of 1‐benzyl‐1<i>H</i>‐1,2,3‐triazoles from benzyl azides (1991)

Abstract A procedure for the preparation of substituted 1‐benzyl‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazoles from benzyl azides under very mild conditions is described. The method provides improved yields and extends the scope of the Dimroth Reaction to other types of active methylene compound to those previously used. Benzyl azides react with active methylene compounds in dimethyl sulphoxide catalysed by potassium carbonate at 35–40° to give 1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazoles usually in good yield. Acetonitrile derivatives gave 5‐amino‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazoles whereas diethyl malonate gave 5‐hydroxy‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazoles. 1 H ‐1,2,3‐Triazole‐4‐carboxylate esters and 1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐ketones were obtained from ethyl acetoacetate and β‐diketones respectively. Benzyl methyl ketone reacted to give a 5‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazole, but acetone and acetophenone failed to react. Other active methylene compounds which did not react under these reaction conditions included ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl fluoroacetate and ethyl nitroacetate.
Principles of regulatory information conservation between mouse and human (2014)

To broaden our understanding of the evolution of gene regulation mechanisms, we generated occupancy profiles for 34 orthologous transcription factors (TFs) in human-mouse erythroid progenitor, lymphoblast and embryonic stem-cell lines. By combining the genome-wide transcription factor occupancy repertoires, associated epigenetic signals, and co-association patterns, here we deduce several evolutionary principles of gene regulatory features operating since the mouse and human lineages diverged. The genomic distribution profiles, primary binding motifs, chromatin states, and DNA methylation preferences are well conserved for TF-occupied sequences. However, the extent to which orthologous DNA segments are bound by orthologous TFs varies both among TFs and with genomic location: binding at promoters is more highly conserved than binding at distal elements. Notably, occupancy-conserved TF-occupied sequences tend to be pleiotropic; they function in several tissues and also co-associate with many TFs. Single nucleotide variants at sites with potential regulatory functions are enriched in occupancy-conserved TF-occupied sequences.