gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switchable telescopic contact lens (2013)

We present design and first demonstration of optics for a telescopic contact lens with independent optical paths for switching between normal and magnified vision. The magnified optical path incorporates a telescopic arrangement of positive and negative annular concentric reflectors to achieve 2.8 x magnification on the eye, while light passing through a central clear aperture provides unmagnified vision. We present an experimental demonstration of the contact lens mounted on a life-sized optomechanical model eye and, using a pair of modified commercial 3D television glasses, demonstrate electrically operated polarization switching between normal and magnified vision.
Evaluation of polyanionic cyclodextrins as high affinity binding scaffolds for fentanyl (2023)

Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been previously shown to display modest equilibrium binding affinities (K<sub>a</sub> ~ 100-200 M<sup>-1</sup>) for the synthetic opioid analgesic fentanyl. In this work, we describe the synthesis of new CDs possessing extended thioalkylcarboxyl or thioalkylhydroxyl moieties and assess their binding affinity towards fentanyl hydrochloride. The optimal CD studied displays a remarkable affinity for the opioid of K<sub>a</sub> = 66,500 M<sup>-1</sup>, the largest value reported for such an inclusion complex to date. One dimensional <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as Rotational Frame Overhauser Spectroscopy (2D-ROESY) experiments supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest an unexpected binding behavior, with fentanyl able to bind the CD interior in one of two distinct orientations. Binding energies derived from the MD simulations work correlate strongly with NMR-derived affinities highlighting its utility as a predictive tool for CD candidate optimization. The performance of these host molecules portends their utility as platforms for medical countermeasures for opioid exposure, as biosensors, and in other forensic science applications.
Design and Synthesis of a Fluoroindolocarbazole Series as Selective Topoisomerase I Active Agents. Discovery of Water-Soluble 3,9-Difluoro-12,13-dihydro-13-[6-amino-β- <scp>d</scp>-glucopyranosyl]-5<i>H</i>,13<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>b</i>]- thienyl[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyrrolo[3,4-<i>c</i>]carbazole- 5,7(6<i>H</i>)-dione (BMS-251873) with Curative Antitumor Activity against Prostate Carcinoma Xenograft Tumor Model (2004)

A series of fluoroindolocarbazoles were studied with respect to their topoisomerase I activity, cytotoxicity, selectivity, and in vivo antitumor activity. Emerging from this series was BMS-251873, a potential clinical candidate possessing a robust pharmacological profile including curative antitumor activity against prostate carcinoma.
Detection of baculovirus associated with white spot syndrome (WSBV) in penaeid shrimps using polymerase chain reaction (1996)

White spot syndrome associated baculovlrus (WSBV) is the causative agent of a dlsease which has recently caused high shrimp mortahties and severe damage to shrimp cultures. In thls study, a strain of WSBV from black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon was used to develop a diagnostlc tool for the detection of WSBV and related agent lnfect~ons in shnmp The vlnons were punfied from P monodon Infected with LVSBV V~ral genomlc DNA was extracted from purlfled vinons by treatlng the vln- ons \ n t h proteinase K dnd cetyltnmethylammonium bromlde (CTAB) followed by phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation A qualitative assessment Ivas performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analys~s on the viral DNA and primers specif~c to shrimp genomic DNA in order to mon-~t o r shrimp DNA contamination In the viral genomic DNA preparations A WSBV genomlc DNA llbrary was constructed and based upon the sequence of the cloned WSBV DNA fragment, we deslgned a LVSBV-specific prlmer set for PCR to detect WSBV Infection in penaeld shrimp Samples which contained WSBV DNA yielded a n evident ampl~f~catlon product showing the expected moblllty of a 1447-bp DNA fragment whereas n u c l e ~c aclds extracted from tissue samples of clln~cally healthy shnmp showed no such DNA fragment, thereby confirming the speclficity of our pnmers By PCR with thls prlmer set, ~t was demonstrated that the causative agents of white spot syndrome in different shnmp specles are closely related An effective diagnostlc tool is thus provided for screening shnmp for \.VSBV infections, and may be important In preventing the further spread of this d ~s e a s e
Insecticidal Activity of Novel Trihaloimidazole Derivatives against a Wild Colony of German Cockroaches (Blattella germanica). (1991)

Structure-activity relationships of novel 1-alkoxymethyl-2, 4, 5-trihaloimidazole compounds against a wild colony of German cockroaches resistant to pyrethroids (O-colony) are reported. Among them, 1-methoxymethyl-2-bromo-4, 5-dichloroimidazole and 1-isopropoxymethyl-2-bromo-4, 5-dichloroimidazole were very effective by a filter paper contact method. The variation in insecticidal activity is shown to be related to the length and branching of the alkyl chain of the 1-substituents. Above all, 1-(4-bromobutoxymethyl)-2-bromo-4, 5-dichloroimidazole and l-(4-bromo/chlorobutoxymethyl)-2, 4, 5-trichloroimidazole exhibited low acute oral toxicity to mice and good activity by a heating fumigant test, representing one of the practical applications. The trihaloimidazole derivatives had almost two-fold higher activity against O-colony insects than against the susceptible strain.
Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiated in Vitro as a Novel Source of Cells for Transplantation (1996)

The controlled differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into near homogeneous populations of both neurons and skeletal muscle cells that can survive and function in vivo after transplantation is reported. We show that treatment of pluripotent ES cells with retinoic acid (RA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induce differentiation of these cells into highly enriched populations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) expressing neurons and skeletal myoblasts, respectively. For neuronal differentiation, RA alone is sufficient to induce ES cells to differentiate into neuronal cells that show properties of postmitotic neurons both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo function of RA-induced neuronal cells was demonstrated by transplantation into the quinolinic acid lesioned striatum of rats (a rat model for Huntington's disease), where cells integrated and survived for up to 6 wk. The response of embryonic stem cells to DMSO to form muscle was less dramatic than that observed for RA. DMSO-induced ES cells formed mixed populations of muscle cells composed of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle instead of homogeneous populations of a single muscle cell type. To determine whether the response of ES cells to DMSO induction could be further controlled, ES cells were stably transfected with a gene coding for the muscle-specific regulatory factor, MyoD. When induced with DMSO, ES cells constitutively expressing high levels of MyoD differentiated exclusively into skeletal myoblasts (no cardiac or smooth muscle cells) that fused to form myotubes capable of spontaneous contraction. Thus, the specific muscle cell type formed was controlled by the expression of MyoD. These results provided evidence that the specific cell type formed (whether it be muscle, neuronal, or other cell types) can be controlled in vitro. Further, these results demonstrated that ES cells can provide a source of multiple differentiated cell types that can be used for transplantation.
Properties of SrBi<sub>2</sub>Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub> thin films grown by MOCVD for high density FeRAM applications (1998)

Abstract A novel low temperature MOCVD process for SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films is described. The process, which uses Bi(thd)3 as the Bi source, allows deposition temperatures down to 300°C enabling to maintain the integrity of the Pt bottom electrode. Excellent run-to-run repeatability and a step coverage > 90% on a 0.5 μm structure have been demonstrated. After annealing at 800°C, 140 nm thick films showed remanent polarizations of 2Pr = 25 μC/cm2 @ 5V and leakage currents between 10-8-10-9 A/cm2 @ 3 V. Endurance after 2x1011 cycles was 90% using a 1.8 V, 1MHz square pulse signal. This manufacturable CVD process removes a further obstacle for production of high density ferroelectric memories (16M and above).
Human monoclonal antibodies to the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 mediate variable and distinct effects on binding and viral neutralization by a human monoclonal antibody to the CD4 binding site. (1993)

Interactive effects between human monoclonal antibodies specific for the V3 loop (257-D and 447-D) and an epitope within the CD4 binding site (F105) of HIV-1 gp120 were evaluated for neutralization of viral cytopathogenicity and binding to HIV-infected cells. Regardless of antibody pair, only additive effects were observed in neutralization of MN and SF2 virus though each antibody alone had potent neutralizing activity on these strains. Significant cooperativity was observed between F105 and 447-D in neutralization of RF. Relatively high concentrations (> 100 micrograms/ml) of each individual antibody are required for partial neutralization (25--40%) of RF. Coincubation with 10 micrograms/ml of each antibody increased neutralization activity 3--4-fold more than predicted for additive effects alone. No enhancement was seen upon coincubation of F105 with 257-D which does not neutralize RF. Antibody interactions with native antigen on HIV-infected cells was measured by flow cytometry. Results were consistent with neutralization results in the majority of flow cytometry experiments; however, enhanced binding did not necessarily predict enhanced neutralization. These data support the notion that either a conformational change occurs with binding of V3 loop antibodies which enhances the binding and neutralizing activity of antibodies directed to the CD4 binding site of gp120 or vice versa, or new antigenic sites are exposed by the V3 loop antibodies on cell surfaces and virions. Of importance, cooperativity is observed even at very low antibody concentrations.
Compressed Animated Light Fields with Real-Time View-Dependent Reconstruction (2018)

We propose an end-to-end solution for presenting movie quality animated graphics to the user while still allowing the sense of presence afforded by free viewpoint head motion. By transforming offline rendered movie content into a novel immersive representation, we display the content in real-time according to the tracked head pose. For each frame, we generate a set of cubemap images per frame (colors and depths) using a sparse set of of cameras placed in the vicinity of the potential viewer locations. The cameras are placed with an optimization process so that the rendered data maximise coverage with minimum redundancy, depending on the lighting environment complexity. We compress the colors and depths separately, introducing an integrated spatial and temporal scheme tailored to high performance on GPUs for Virtual Reality applications. A view-dependent decompression algorithm decodes only the parts of the compressed video streams that are visible to users. We detail a real-time rendering algorithm using multi-view ray casting, with a variant that can handle strong view dependent effects such as mirror surfaces and glass. Compression rates of 150:1 and greater are demonstrated with quantitative analysis of image reconstruction quality and performance.
Featured Wand for 3D Interaction (2007)

Our featured wand, automatically tracked by video cameras, provides an inexpensive and natural way for users to input 3D data or interact with devices such as large displays. The wand supports six degrees of freedom for manipulation of 3D applications like Google Earth. Our system uses a 'line scan' to estimate the wand pose tracking which simplifies processing. Several applications are demonstrated.
Local at-speed scan enable generation for transition fault testing using low-cost testers (2007)

At-speed testing is becoming crucial for modern very-large-scale-integration systems, which operate at clock speeds of hundreds of megahertz. In a scan-based test methodology, it is common to use a transition delay fault model for at-speed testing. The launching of the transition can be done either in the last cycle of scan shift [launch-off-shift (LOS)], or in a functional launch cycle that follows the scan shift and precedes the fast capture [launch-off-capture (LOC)]. The LOS technique offers significant advantages over the LOC in terms of coverage and pattern count, but since it requires the scan enable (SEN) signal to change state in the time period of one functional clock cycle, considerable engineering resources are required to close the timing on the SEN signal. Low-cost testers will not be able to provide the at-speed SEN signal as required by the LOS technique. We propose a scan-based at-speed methodology that generates “local” SEN signals that are guaranteed to switch in one functional clock cycle even when the external SEN signal does not change state at functional speed. Our technique is based on encapsulating the SEN control signal in the scan test data. A new scan cell, which is called the last transition generator, must be inserted in every scan chain for generating internal SEN signals. The proposed method is robust, practical, and readily implemented using commercial tools available today.
Genetic Polymorphism of Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Importance (2000)

The activity of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is inherited as an autosomal co-dominant trait. In most large world populations studied to date, approximately 10% of the population have intermediate activity due to heterozygosity at the TPMT locus, and about 0.33% is TPMT deficient. TPMT is now one of the most well characterized genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolism, with the genetic basis having been well defined in most populations, providing molecular strategies for studying this genetic polymorphism in human and experimental models. Three mutant alleles, TPMT(*)2, TPMT(*)3A and TPMT(*)3C, account for the great majority of mutant alleles in all human populations studied to date. Significant ethnic differences occur in the frequencies of these mutant alleles. Progress in DNA analysis has made it practical to use genotyping techniques for the molecular diagnosis of TPMT deficiency and heterozygosity, thereby avoiding adverse effects that are more prevalent in TPMT-deficient and heterozygous patients prescribed thiopurine medications.
Development of an Intravascular Lung Assist Device (1989)

Intravascular lung assist devices (ILADs) must provide sufficient gas transport without excessive pressure drop. In vitro studies of fiber-bundle devices determined the effect of geometric configuration on gas transfer efficiency, the amount of surface area needed to achieve sufficient gas transport, and the relationship between gas transport and blood-side pressure drop. ILADs with cross-flow fibers transfer at least 10 times more O2 than parallel flow ILADs of the same surface area, and six to eight times more CO2. Some tested devices with 0.4–0.6 m2 of surface area can transfer 100 ml/min of both O2 and CO2. Configurations with high gas transport, however, often require moderate pressure drops.
Pilot-assisted channel estimation for MIMO OFDM systems using theory of sparse signal recovery (2009)

In this work, a new framework for channel estimation in MIMO OFDM systems is provided. Sparse channel estimation refers to estimating the time domain channel impulse response by exploiting the fact that the channel has a very few nonzero taps. We formalize the problem and drive necessary and sufficient condition on the number of pilots for perfect channel recovery which leads to a L0 norm optimization problem. A practical suboptimal solution is proposed that is a modified orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) which exploits the sparsity structure of the MIMO channel. The investigations reveal that the training overhead can be drastically reduced while maintaining the same accuracy as the current state of the art techniques.
Epidermal protection with cryogen spray cooling during high fluence pulsed dye laser irradiation: An ex vivo study (2000)

Results of this ex vivo study show that epidermal protection from high laser incident fluences can be achieved by increasing the cryogen spurt duration immediately before pulsed laser exposure.
Multiple Exon Skipping in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Hot Spots: Prospects and Challenges (2018)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal X-linked recessive disorder, is caused mostly by frame-disrupting, out-of-frame deletions in the <i>dystrophin</i> (<i>DMD</i>) gene. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping is a promising therapy for DMD. Exon skipping aims to convert out-of-frame mRNA to in-frame mRNA and induce the production of internally-deleted dystrophin as seen in the less severe Becker muscular dystrophy. Currently, multiple exon skipping has gained special interest as a new therapeutic modality for this approach. Previous retrospective database studies represented a potential therapeutic application of multiple exon skipping. Since then, public DMD databases have become more useful with an increase in patient registration and advances in molecular diagnosis. Here, we provide an update on <i>DMD</i> genotype-phenotype associations using a global DMD database and further provide the rationale for multiple exon skipping development, particularly for exons 45⁻55 skipping and an emerging therapeutic concept, exons 3⁻9 skipping. Importantly, this review highlights the potential of multiple exon skipping for enabling the production of functionally-corrected dystrophin and for treating symptomatic patients not only with out-of-frame deletions but also those with in-frame deletions. We will also discuss prospects and challenges in multiple exon skipping therapy, referring to recent progress in antisense chemistry and design, as well as disease models.
Inheritance of Resistance to Downy Mildew in Sweet Basil (2015)

Sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum ) is one of the most economically important culinary herbs in the world, yet global production has become increasingly challenging due to the destructive disease downy mildew ( Peronospora belbahrii ). Although multiple sources of resistance have been identified, there are no resistant sweet basil cultivars with a commercially acceptable chemotype and phenotype available. The commercial basil cultivar Mrihani (MRI) was identified as resistant and crossed with a Rutgers University susceptible sweet basil inbred line (SB22) to generate a full-sibling family. To determine the mode of inheritance for resistance to downy mildew in basil, six related generations of the MRI × SB22 family were evaluated using a disease severity index (DSI) at northern and southern New Jersey locations over 2 years. All siblings in the F 1 and BC 1 P 2 generations were resistant (0.33 > DSI) providing strong evidence that inheritance of resistance from MRI was conferred by dominant alleles. Segregation ratios in the F 2 and backcross to the susceptible parent (BCP 1 ) generations demonstrated chi-square goodness of fit to the two-gene complementary (F 2 : P = 0.11, BC 1 P 1 : P = 0.04) and recessive epistatic (F 2 : P = 0.03, BC 1 P 1 : P = 0.63) models. Further analyses of gene effects using a weighted six-parameter scaling test provided evidence that nonallelic additive × additive and additive × dominant gene effects were highly significant ( P < 0.001) and resistance reducing. This is the first report of heritable genetic resistance that can be introduced to sweet basil without the issue of sterility barriers. Plant breeding strategies using the MRI × SB22 family should exploit dominant gene action and remove recessive, resistance-reducing alleles from the population.
The formation and performance of auxetic textiles. Part I: theoretical and technical considerations (2010)

Abstract Auxetic textiles belong to a class of extraordinary materials that become fatter when stretched. Sustained efforts to fabricate auxetic fabric structures are limited. Indeed, several geometrical configurations have been previously proposed but none has been engineered into functional auxetic textile fabrics. The use of auxetic materials has been limited because of problems with deploying them in their fabricated forms. Our thrust in this research is to combine our knowledge of geometry and fabric structural characteristics to engineer auxetic textiles and to determine the properties of such auxetic textile fabrics. In this paper, we have presented the technique we developed for producing several knit structures in which filling yarn inlays are used to effect compound repeating units. In these productions, the chain is used as a base structure and a minimum of two guide bars and maximum of six guide bars are deployed to produce such warp knit auxetic fabrics. Keywords: auxetic textilesnegative Poisson's ratiowarp knittingfabric geometrystructural properties Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the funds received from the National Textile Center under the US Department of Commerce Grant 02–07400 in support of this research.
Dual window method for processing spectroscopic optical coherence tomography signals with simultaneously high spectral and temporal resolution (2009)

Current methods for analysis of spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) signals suffer from an inherent tradeoff between time (depth) and frequency (wavelength) resolution. Here, we present a dual window (DW) method for reconstructing time frequency distributions (TFDs) that applies two orthogonal Gaussian windows that independently determine the spectral and temporal resolution. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in simulations and in processing of measured OCT signals that contain fields which vary in time and frequency. The DW method yields TFDs that maintain high spectral and temporal resolution and are free from the artifacts and limitations commonly observed with other processing methods.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Materials: Hosts, Dopants and Gels for Display Applications (2000)

Abstract Over the last ten years, the study and exploitation of chirality in liquid crystal systems has been one of the fastest, and largest, growth areas in the research of self-organising fluids, leading to technological applications in the area of display devices. In particular ferroelectric liquid crystals have been shown to be capable of being used as fast-switching light-valves. Such devices could form the basis of the next generation of flat panel liquid crystal displays, projection devices, and 3D imaging systems.
Least-squares Inversion for Imaging the Full Seismic Wavefield (2018)

Summary We present a Least-Squares inversion solution for depth migration of the full seismic wavefield including both primaries and high-order reflections. Conventional seismic processing uses only primary reflections for imaging. It treats high-order reflected events as noise and removes them before migration. Separated Wavefield IMaging (SWIM) takes advantage of the extended illumination provided by surface-multiple energy and delivers high-resolution images of the subsurface. Primary and high-order reflections are complementary, and can augment the overall imaging results when properly combined. However, imaging the full wavefield of both primaries and multiples in a standard migration has been challenging for balancing the contribution of each component. In addition, imaging of the full wavefield includes a blending process, which produces crosstalk. Inversion automatically weighs the primary and multiple reflection energy and directly estimates the earth reflectivity that explains boundary data without matching the crosstalk. Successful applications to both synthetic and field data examples demonstrate that Least-Square Full Wavefield Migration (LS-FWM) resolves the crosstalk issue in FWM and greatly improves the imaging illumination and resolution compared to conventional migration.