gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithographic scanner stability improvements through advanced metrology and control (2010)

Holistic lithography is needed to cope with decreasing process windows and is built on three pillars: Scanner Tuning, Computational Lithography and Metrology & Control. The relative importance of stability to the overall manufacturing process latitude increases. Overlay and focus stability control applications are important elements in improving stability of the lithographic process. The control applications rely on advanced control algorithms and fast and precise metrology. To address the metrology needs at the 32 nm node and beyond, an optical scatterometry tool was developed capable of measuring CD, focus-dose as well as overlay. Besides stability and control of lithographic performance also scanner matching is a critical enabler where application development and metrology performance are key. In this paper we discuss the design and performance of the metrology tool, the focus and overlay control application and the application of scatterometry in scanner matching solutions.
Elasticity Measurement of Zona Pellucida Using a Micro Tactile Sensor to Evaluate Embryo Quality (2008)

To enable improved success rates of IVF, we developed the technology to optimize embryo selection with the highest implantation potential while ensuring no damage to embryos using zona elasticity as the selection criterion. In this communication we outline the biomechanics and safety of zona pellucida (ZP) elasticity measurement using the micro tactile sensor (MTS) system and demonstrate the specific changes in ZP elasticity during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development. Zona hardening was demonstrated mechanically following fertilization at the pronuclear (PN) stage, and Young's modulus decreased gradually as the embryo developed. Evaluation of the quality of expanded blastocysts (EPB) showed that the quality of EPBs could also be evaluated from elasticity parameters. Furthermore, the observations indicated that ZPs of embryos generated in vivo were significantly harder than those of embryos generated in vitro at each stage. Preliminary results also indicated that denuded oocytes matured in vitro did not show zona hardening following parthenogenetic activation by strontium chloride, suggesting that sufficient maturation and consequent oocyte activation may be evaluated by increases in ZP elasticity. We conclude that MTS-elective single embryo transfer can be applied to human assisted reproductive technology to enable embryo quality evaluation in both early embryos and EPBs.
Atmospheric Nanoparticles and Their Impacts on Public Health (2013)

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that every year around two million people die annually due to the effects of atmospheric pollution (Tranfield & Walker, 2012). These estimates are based on epidemiological studies that showed associations between air pollution exposure and respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses and deaths. Special efforts thus have been made in order to reduce air pollution on a global level (Slezakova et al., 2012) and, more importantly, aiming to reduce the adverse impacts of atmospheric pollutants. Although these efforts have been leading to a reduction of risks and effects, air pollution is still a matter of great concern, mainly to relative impacts on human health.
Laccase Biosensor Based on N‐Succinimidyl‐3‐Thiopropionate‐Functionalized Gold Electrodes (2005)

Abstract A laccase biosensor, in which the enzyme was immobilized on N ‐succinimidyl‐3‐thiopropionate (NSTP)‐modified gold electrodes, is reported. Two different approaches for the preparation of N ‐succinimidyl‐terminated monolayers were evaluated: a) activation of a preformed 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) SAM by reaction with 1‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐ 3‐ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N ‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS); b) assembling of dithiobisuccinimidyl propionate (DTSP). NSTP‐modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Biosensors prepared by covalent binding of the enzyme and by cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde atop NSTP‐modified electrodes were compared in terms of sensitivity and operational range for caffeic acid. A much better analytical performance was found using the latter approach. Variables affecting the amperometric detection (enzyme loading, pH and applied potential) were optimized. The operational stability and characteristics of functioning of the laccase biosensor in terms of repeatability of the amperometric measurements, reproducibility with different biosensors and useful lifetime, were evaluated. The kinetic parameters of the enzyme reactions and the analytical characteristics of the corresponding calibration plots were calculated for eight phenolic compounds. Limits of detection of 0.07 μM, 0.05 μM and 0.09 μM were obtained for caffeic acid, catechol and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), respectively. The practical usefulness of the developed biosensor was evaluated by estimating the “pool” of phenolic compounds in olive oil mill wastewaters (OMW).
Habits of the Common Whiteeye (1999)

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Quid enim de amicitia statueris utilitatis causa expetenda vides. Non enim in selectione virtus ponenda erat, ut id ipsum, quod erat bonorum ultimum, aliud aliquid adquireret. Nos grave certamen belli clademque tenemus, Graecia quam Troiae divino numine vexit, Omniaque e latis rerum vestigia terris. Sic, et quidem diligentius saepiusque ista loquemur inter nos agemusque communiter. Quis est, qui non oderit libidinosam, protervam adolescentiam? Et hunc idem dico, inquieta sed ad virtutes et ad vitia nihil interesse. Habent enim et bene longam et satis litigiosam disputationem. Duo Reges: constructio interrete. Si ista mala sunt, in quae potest incidere sapiens, sapientem esse non esse ad beate vivendum satis. Nec vero intermittunt aut admirationem earum rerum, quae sunt ab antiquis repertae, aut investigationem novarum. Illorum vero ista ipsa quam exilia de virtutis vi! Quam tantam volunt esse, ut beatum per se efficere possit.
An in vivo analysis of Miromesh—a novel porcine liver prosthetic created by perfusion decellularization (2015)

A prosthetic generated from porcine liver by perfusion decellularization provides a matrix for superior cellular infiltration compared with non-cross-linked porcine dermis.
Visualization &amp; assessment of ADS-B security for green ATM (2010)

Energy efficiency, noise and emissions footprint reduction are major “green” performance targets of next-generation air transportation systems. Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is an advanced “cyber-physical” concept that can help meet such targets by enabling highly accurate air traffic surveillance. However, beneficial, confident application of ADS-B requires a foundational understanding of vulnerabilities and mitigation requirements. This paper focuses on the assessment and mitigation of threats from unauthorized access and unanticipated disruption of ADS-B communications. We present a solution to protect message integrity in ADS-B IN based airborne surveillance, discuss the accuracy and robustness of the solution in the presence of spoofed or compromised nodes and intentional jamming. To study effects of “intelligent jamming” strategies on ADS-B, visualize and analyze system-wide impact, we propose a security simulation tool concept and design.
Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2004)

Despite every effort, 13% of patients with SAH still die or are permanently disabled as a consequence of vasospasm. Optimal outcome after aneurysmal SAH depends on careful assessment and management of patients throughout the course of hospitalization. Critical care nurses play a crucial role in this process. Efforts continue to understand the cascade of events that lead to cerebral vasospasm and to develop more effective treatments. Many therapies, both traditional and new, are being investigated to reduce the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm and improve the lives of patients who experience this devastating condition.
Confederate States of America, 1861-96 (2022)

This chapter examines the approach taken by the courts in the United States, particularly the Supreme Court of the United States, to the validity of laws and acts of law made by the rebellious governments during the four- year period in which the secessionist Confederate States of America maintained political independence and broadly effective government throughout the American South. The Supreme Court differentiated between the Confederate government and governments within the seceding states: the former was generally denied any recognition, while in the latter, a distinction was drawn between day-to-day acts of government which could be treated as valid, and measures undertaken to aid the unlawful rebellion which were wholly invalid. This test, initially applied in respect of contractual obligations involving Confederate bonds and currency, would later be applied to statutes passed by Confederate state legislatures. As the federal Reconstruction of the South was wound down, this test was applied in a manner more and more favourable to the validity of Confederate legal acts, culminating in the Supreme Court's 1898 ruling in Baldy v Hunter, which determined legal transactions to be enforceable in the absence of a direct subjective intention to aid the Confederate rebellion.
Specific Growth Rate versus Doubling Time for Quantitative Characterization of Tumor Growth Rate (2007)

Doubling time (DT) is widely used for quantification of tumor growth rate. DT is usually determined from two volume estimations with measurement time intervals comparable with or shorter than DT. Clinical data show that the frequency distribution of DT in patients is positively skewed, with some very long DT values compared with the average DT. Growth rate can also be quantified using specific growth rate (SGR; %/d), equal to ln2/DT. The aim of this work was to compare DT and SGR as growth rate variables. Growth rate calculations were computer simulated for a tumor with DT of 100 days, measurement time interval of 1 to 200 days, and volume estimation uncertainty of 5% to 20%. Growth rate variables were determined and compared for previously published clinical data. The study showed that DT is not a suitable variable for tumor growth rate because (a) for short measurement time intervals, or high volume uncertainties, mean DT can either overestimate or underestimate the average growth rate; (b) DT is not defined if the consecutively estimated volumes are equal; and (c) the asymmetrical frequency distribution of DT makes it unsuitable for common statistical testing. In contrast, mean SGR and its equivalent DT give the correct values for average growth rate, SGR is defined for all tumor volume changes, and it has a symmetrical frequency distribution. SGR is also more accurate to use when discussing, for example, growth fraction, cell loss rate, and growth rate heterogeneities within the tumor. SGR should thus be used, instead of DT, to quantify tumor growth rate.
An Unappreciated Reason Why Information Security Policies Fail (2000)

I’ve had the questionable privilege of working in this field for over two decades now and all that while there has existed an assumption that every information security specialist seems to make, an assumption that needs to be re-examined, an assumption that needs to be radically changed. This assumption is that workers are going to come to the information security trough when they get hungry, when they want some information security sustenance. So many of us information security specialists assume that rank-and-file workers are like horses or cows, that they will come back to the source of expertise when they need guidance. To the contrary, time and time again modern workers show themselves to be independent and quite capable of making local decisions without involving information security specialists. In many companies, these independent workers have for instance set up web pages or even commerce servers without consulting or even thinking about a central information security staff person.
Application of internet of things technology in power system (2019)

At present, with the rapid development of Internet technology, the traditional Internet technology is no longer applicable to the current new Internet technology. At present, Internet technology is gradually found in the direction of Internet of Things technology, and gradually appears in people’s production and life. In this paper, the architecture of the current Internet of Things technology is analyzed and discussed, and its key technologies are gradually analyzed. At the same time, this paper also analyses and discusses the problems existing in the current power communication system, and puts forward the application of the current Internet of Things technology in many aspects, such as automation, emergency communication and so on. At the same time, this paper also hopes to promote the vigorous development of smart grid construction in China through the research and discussion of this topic. In addition, this paper mainly from a professional point of view as a starting point, to explore the functional characteristics of the Internet of Things technology, and elaborate on the current application of China’s power grid, so as to analyze the current problems. Moreover, this paper also points out the specific causes of these problems, and promotes the application and development of Internet of Things technology in power system.
Silicate mineral dissolution during heap bioleaching (2007)

Silicate minerals are present in association with metal sulfides in ores and their dissolution occurs when the sulfide minerals are bioleached in heaps for metal recovery. It has previously been suggested that silicate mineral dissolution can affect mineral bioleaching by acid consumption, release of trace elements, and increasing the viscosity of the leach solution. In this study, the effect of silicates present in three separate samples in conjunction with chalcopyrite and a complex multi-metal sulfide ore on heap bioleaching was evaluated in column bioreactors. Fe(2+) oxidation was inhibited in columns containing chalcopyrite samples A and C that leached 1.79 and 1.11 mM fluoride, respectively but not in sample B that contained 0.14 mM fluoride. Microbial Fe(2+) oxidation inhibition experiments containing elevated fluoride concentrations and measurements of fluoride release from the chalcopyrite ores supported that inhibition of Fe(2+) oxidation during column leaching of two of the chalcopyrite ores was due to fluoride toxicity. Column bioleaching of the complex sulfide ore was carried out at various temperatures (7-50 degrees C) and pH values (1.5-3.0). Column leaching at pH 1.5 and 2.0 resulted in increased acid consumption rates and silicate dissolution such that it became difficult to filter the leach solutions and for the leach liquor to percolate through the column. However, column temperature (at pH 2.5) only had a minor effect on the acid consumption and silicate dissolution rates. This study demonstrates the potential negative impact of silicate mineral dissolution on heap bioleaching by microbial inhibition and liquid flow.
BMI1 Sustains Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem Cell Renewal (2009)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive types of brain tumors. In GBM, a subpopulation of CD133-positive cancer initiating cells displays stem cell characteristics. The Polycomb group (PcG) and oncogene BMI1 is part of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that regulates gene expression by modifying chromatin organization. Here we show that BMI1 is expressed in human GBM tumors and highly enriched in CD133-positive cells. Stable BMI1 knockdown using short hairpin RNA-expressing lentiviruses resulted in inhibition of clonogenic potential in vitro and of brain tumor formation in vivo. Cell biology studies support the notion that BMI1 prevents CD133-positive cell apoptosis and/or differentiation into neurons and astrocytes, depending on the cellular context. Gene expression analyses suggest that BMI1 represses alternate tumor suppressor pathways that attempt to compensate for INK4A/ARF/P53 deletion and PI(3)K/AKT hyperactivity. Inhibition of EZH2, the main component of the PRC2, also impaired GBM tumor growth. Our results reveal that PcG proteins are involved in GBM tumor growth and required to sustain cancer initiating stem cell renewal.
Production of Coenzyme A by <i>Sarcina lutea</i> (1974)

To develop an efficient method for the production of coenzyme A (CoA), optimal conditions for its formation from pantothenic acid, cysteine, and adenine were studied. A number of microorganisms were screened for production of CoA. Strains belonging to the genera Sarcina, Bacillus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, and Serratia accumulated CoA. Among these, Sarcina lutea was selected as the best organism, and the culture conditions for the production of CoA were investigated with this organism. Under optimal conditions, 600 mug of CoA per ml was accumulated in the culture broth. CoA was readily isolated in high purity by the use of charcoal, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, Sephadex G-25, and Dowex-50. Yields of isolated CoA were over 33% from culture broth.
Selective excitation in high-resolution NMR (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective excitation in high-resolution NMRRay. FreemanCite this: Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 7, 1397–1412Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00007a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00007a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2256Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RNAi Methodologies for the Functional Study of Signaling Molecules (2009)

RNA interference (RNAi) was investigated with the aim of achieving gene silencing with diverse RNAi platforms that include small interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). Different versions of each system were used to silence the expression of specific subunits of the heterotrimeric signal transducing G-proteins, G alpha i2 and G beta 2, in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The specificity of the different RNA interference (RNAi) platforms was assessed by DNA microarray analysis. Reliable RNAi methodologies against the genes of interest were then developed and applied to functional studies of signaling networks. This study demonstrates a successful knockdown of target genes and shows the potential of RNAi for use in functional studies of signaling molecules.
Recommending patents based on latent topics (2013)

The availability of large volumes of granted patents and applications, all publicly available on the Web, enables the use of sophisticated text mining and information retrieval methods to facilitate access and analysis of patents. In this paper we investigate techniques to automatically recommend patents given a query patent. This task is critical for a variety of patent-related analysis problems such as finding relevant citations, research of relevant prior art, and infringement analysis. We investigate the use of latent Dirichlet allocation and Dirichlet multinomial regression to represent patent documents and to compute similarity scores. We compare our methods with state-of-the-art document representations and retrieval techniques and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a collection of US patent publications.
Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis (2020)

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a complex, multi-step process. The goal of this paper is to collect, in one article, information that will allow researchers and practitioners to understand the various choices available through popular software packages, and to make decisions about “best practices” in exploratory factor analysis. In particular, this paper provides practical information on making decisions regarding (a) extraction, (b) rotation, (c) the number of factors to interpret, and (d) sample size.
Glutathione synthetase from the fission yeast. Purification and its unique heteromeric subunit structure (1993)

Glutathione (GSH) synthetase (EC 6.3.2.3) was purified from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe L972h- and from the GSH synthetase deficient mutant MN101/pYS41, which harbors a plasmid containing the GSH synthetase gene of the fission yeast. GSH synthetase is expressed at 10 times higher the amount in MN101/pYS41 than in wild-type L972h-. The purified enzyme gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (native PAGE). The molecular weight of this enzyme was determined to be 1.2 x 10(5) by Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) revealed that this enzyme was composed of two kinds of subunits, A (M(r) = 33 x 10(3)) and B (M(r) = 26 x 10(3)), and existed as a heterotetramer (A2B2). The enzyme purified from the wild-type fission yeast, which did not harbor the plasmid, showed the same electrophoretic mobilities on both native PAGE and SDS-PAGE and similar catalytic properties under standard conditions. This enzyme is most active at 45 degrees C and pH 8.0-8.5 with 20 mM Mg2+ + 10 mM ATP and 50 mM K+. The strict requirement for the monovalent cation is rather specific for the enzymes from yeasts. The presence of sugar components in the enzyme is also observed, similar to that in the rat kidney enzyme.
Robotics in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Use of a Telemanipulator Slave Robot to Perform Microvascular Anastomoses (2006)

Many methods for microvascular anastomoses exist, including use of magnifying loupes (x 2.5, x 3.5, x 4.5, x 6), but the operating microscope remains the gold standard. The authors present the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) as an alternative method for performing microvascular anastomoses. The da Vinci robot has fully articulating microinstruments with six degrees of freedom, the ability to filter tremor, the capability to perform telesurgery, and the advantage of 3-D visualization. It offers full and dynamic control over the operating camera, allowing variable positioning and the ability to scale down movements. Its drawbacks include initial high cost, lack of haptic feedback, decreased participation of the first assistant, and lack of widespread availability. In this feasibility study, multiple microanastomoses were performed in canine tarsal and superficial femoral vessels.