gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved breakdown voltage in GaAs MESFETs utilizing surface layers of GaAs grown at a low temperature by MBE (1990)

A metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET) utilizing surface layers of GaAs grown at a low temperature by MBE (LT GaAs) under the gate electrode has been fabricated. The high trap density of LT GaAs reduces the surface fields of the FET, suppresses gate leakage, and increases the gate-drain breakdown voltage without sacrificing current drive capability. An undoped AlAs layer is incorporated between the LT GaAs layer and the channel as a barrier to the diffusion of excess As from the LT GaAs layer to the channel. A 74- mu m-gate-width device demonstrated an improved breakdown voltage of 34.85 V with a g/sub m/ of 144 mS/mm and an I/sub dss/ of 248 mA/mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of galvanized high-strength high-carbon steel wire. (1986)

High-carbon steel wire rods with a composition of 0.85wt% C, 1.19 wt% Si and 1.19wt% Mn were given a lead patenting treatment. The result shows that the steel wire rod has a tensile strength higher than that of plain high-carbon steel rod by 17kgf/mm2. Then, the wire rod was drawn by the direct cooling drawing system to prevent strain aging. Based on these experimental results, high-strength large diameter galvanized steel wires with nominal diameters of 5, 6, and 7mm were trially manufactured.The mechanical properties of the new Si-Mn galvanized steel wires were experimentally proved to be 20 to 30kgf/mm2 higher in tensile strength and 7 to 10kgf/mm2 higher in fatigue strength than plain high- carbon galvanized steel wires. There was no perceivable deterioration in toughness, and the relaxation value after 10h was only one-third of that of the high-carbon galvanized steel wires. Thus, the newly-developed high-strength Si-Mn galvanized steel wires were proved to be suitable for use as cable wires for long span suspension bridges and other purposes.
Abstract visualization of runtime memory behavior (2011)

We present a system for visualizing memory reference traces, the records of the memory transactions performed by a program at runtime. The visualization consists of a structured layout representing the levels of a cache and a set of data glyphs representing the pieces of data in memory being operated on during application runtime. The data glyphs move in response to events generated by a cache simulator, indicating their changing residency in the various levels of the memory hierarchy. Within the levels, the glyphs arrange themselves into higher-order shapes representing the structure of the cache levels, including the composition of their associative cache sets and eviction ordering. We make careful use of different visual channels, including structure, motion, color, and size, to convey salient events as they occur. Our abstract visualization provides a high-level, global view of memory behavior, while giving insight about important events that may help students or software engineers to better understand their software's performance and behavior.
A Pre-processing Workflow for Multi-point Statistics Modelling Involving Training Image Construction and Well Validation (2012)

wells is enabled by “printing” into the simulation grid an appropriate 3D pattern of connected facies extracted from the 3D training image, after a full scan of the training image has been performed. Multiple-point simulation can be run using either stationary or non-stationary training images.
The Transcriptional Activator XlnR Regulates Both Xylanolytic and Endoglucanase Gene Expression in<i>Aspergillus niger</i> (1998)

The expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in xylan degradation and two endoglucanases involved in cellulose degradation was studied at the mRNA level in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. A strain with a loss-of-function mutation in the xlnR gene encoding the transcriptional activator XlnR and a strain with multiple copies of this gene were investigated in order to define which genes are controlled by XlnR. The data presented in this paper show that the transcriptional activator XlnR regulates the transcription of the xlnB, xlnC, and xlnD genes encoding the main xylanolytic enzymes (endoxylanases B and C and beta-xylosidase, respectively). Also, the transcription of the genes encoding the accessory enzymes involved in xylan degradation, including alpha-glucuronidase A, acetylxylan esterase A, arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase A, and feruloyl esterase A, was found to be controlled by XlnR. In addition, XlnR also activates transcription of two endoglucanase-encoding genes, eglA and eglB, indicating that transcriptional regulation by XlnR goes beyond the genes encoding xylanolytic enzymes and includes regulation of two endoglucanase-encoding genes.
Modeling and analysis of high-speed electro-optic modulation in high confinement silicon waveguides using metal-oxide-semiconductor configuration (2004)

We analyze the electrical and optical properties of a silicon electro-optic waveguide modulator using a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) configuration. The device performance is studied under different modes of operation of the MOS diode and gate oxide thicknesses. Our calculations indicate that this scheme can be used for achieving high-speed submicron waveguide active devices on silicon on insulator. A microring resonator intensity modulator is predicted to exhibit switching times on the order of tens of picoseconds with modulation depth of 73% by employing a bias voltage of only 5 V.
Laser Atom Probe Tomography: some applications (2006)

Laser atom probe tomography was used to investigate the inter-diffusive reactions at the silicon-nickel interface. The early stages of formation of a NiSi silicide was studied. The addition of Pt was shown to increase the temperature of formation of the high resistivity NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> phase by approximately 150 degC
Continuous Vagal Neuromonitoring Using the Laryngeal Adductor Reflex: Can Preincision Dyssynchrony Predict Intraoperative Nerve Behavior? (2019)

Preincision dyssynchronous LAR waveforms may indicate subclinical, potentially reversible, neuropathy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and predict intraoperative RLN behavior. Preincision knowledge of R1 dyssynchrony can facilitate surgical planning as such patients may glean particular benefit from <i>continuous</i> intraoperative nerve monitoring, frequent tissue relaxation, and saline irrigation as means to minimize nerve stress intraoperatively.
Simultaneous and High Fermentative Production of<scp>L</scp>-Lysine and<scp>L</scp>-Glutamic Acid Using a Strain of<i>Brevibacterium lactofermentum</i> (1995)

Journal Article Simultaneous and High Fermentative Production of L-Lysine and L-Glutamic Acid Using a Strain of Brevibacterium lactofermentum Get access Mototsugu Shiratsuchi, Mototsugu Shiratsuchi Technology and Engineering Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideo Kuronuma, Hideo Kuronuma Technology and Engineering Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshio Kawahara, Yoshio Kawahara Technology and Engineering Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuhiko Yoshihara, Yasuhiko Yoshihara Technology and Engineering Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harufumi Miwa, Harufumi Miwa Technology and Engineering Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigeru Nakamori Shigeru Nakamori Technology and Engineering Laboratories of Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, JapanDepartment of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Kenjojima, Matsuoka-cho, Fukui 910-11, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 59, Issue 1, 1 January 1995, Pages 83–86, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.83 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 09 August 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
A positive-feedback transconductance amplifier with applications to high-frequency, high-Q CMOS switched-capacitor filters (1988)

The authors describe a high-bandwidth amplifier that simultaneously achieves high gain by using internal positive feedback. The results obtained when the amplifier is used in a general-purpose switched-capacitor biquadratic building block are also presented. This device achieves 150-kHz center-frequency operation with Q accuracy of 15% when clocked at 7.5 MHz with 10-V +or-10% supplies from -55 degrees C to +125 degrees C. With a minimum power supply of 4.5 V, this filter operates with center frequencies up to 100 kHz when clocked at 5 MHz, while performing with the same accuracy and across the same temperature range as above.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
All-optical coherent stopping, storage, and time-reversal of light (2004)

We show that the use of tunable photonic structures opens up unprecedented possibilities in information processing. In particular, we introduce an all-optical adiabatic bandwidth compression and frequency conversion process that overcomes the classical bandwidth-delay constraint in optics. This process requires only very small index modulations (δn/n<10<sup>-4</sup>) performed at moderate speeds, and yet can alter the spectrum of a photon almost at will. As examples of this process, we show how light pulses can be stopped and stored all-optically in multitude of systems without using any resonant or coherent electronic interactions. We also show how light pulses can be time-reversed using only linear optical elements and modulators. Such systems open up new opportunities in both fundamental sciences and technological applications.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Promotes Colorectal Cancer (2009)

A growing body of evidence implicates macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we investigated whether MIF expression was associated with clinicopathologic features of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), especially in tumors with hepatic metastasis, and whether neutralization of endogenous MIF using anti-MIF therapeutics would inhibit tumor growth and/or decrease the frequency of colorectal hepatic metastases in a mouse colon carcinoma model. The concentration of serum MIF was positively correlated with an increased risk of hepatic metastasis in human patients with CRC (R = 1.25, 95% confidence internal = 1.02-1.52, P = 0.03). MIF was also dramatically upregulated in human colorectal tissue, with 20-40 times as many MIF-positive cells found in the mucosa of patients with CRC than in normal tissue (P < 0.001 ANOVA). Moreover, in those patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver, MIF-positive cells were similarly increased in the diseased hepatic tissue. This increased MIF expression was restricted to diseased tissue and not found in areas of the liver with normal morphology. In subsequent in vitro experiments, we found that addition of recombinant MIF to colonic cell lines significantly increased their invasive properties and the expression of several genes (for example, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor) known to be upregulated in cancerous tissue. Finally, we treated mice that had been given CT26 colon carcinoma cell transplants with anti-MIF therapeutics--either the MIF-specific inhibitor ISO-1 or neutralizing anti-MIF antibodies--and observed a significant reduction in tumor burden relative to vehicle-treated animals. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MIF expression was not only correlated with the presence of colorectal cancer but also may play a direct role in cancer development.
Maintaining the Stability of Deviated and Horizontal Wells: Effects of Mechanical, Chemical, and Thermal Phenomena on Well Designs (2006)

Abstract Wellbore instability, particularly in shale formations, is regarded as a major challenge in drilling operations. Many factors, such as rock properties, in-situ stresses, chemical interactions between shale and drilling fluids, and thermal effects, should be considered in well trajectory designs and drilling fluid formulations in order to mitigate wellbore instability related problems. A comprehensive study of wellbore stability in shale formations that takes into account the 3-dimensional earth stresses around the wellbore as well as chemical and thermal effects is presented in this work. The effects of borehole configuration (e.g. inclination and azimuth), rock properties (e.g. strength, Young's modulus, membrane efficiency and permeability), temperature, and drilling fluid properties (e.g. mud density and chemical concentrations) on wellbore stability in shale formations have been investigated. Results from this study indicate that for low permeability shales, chemical interactions between the shale and water-based fluids play an important role. Not only is the activity of the water important but the diffusion of ions is also a significant factor for saline fluids. Cooling drilling fluids is found to be beneficial in preventing compressive failure. However, decreasing the mud temperature can be detrimental since it reduces the fracturing pressure of the formation, which can result in lost circulation problems. The magnitude of thermal effects depends on shale properties, earth stresses and wellbore orientation and deviation. Conditions are identified when chemical and thermal effects play a significant role in determining the mud-weight-window when designing drilling programs for horizontal and deviated wells. The results presented in this paper will help in reducing the risks associated with wellbore instability and thereby lowering the overall non-productive times and drilling costs.
A computational model for color naming and describing color composition of images (2005)

The extraction of high-level color descriptors is an increasingly important problem, as these descriptions often provide links to image content. When combined with image segmentation, color naming can be used to select objects by color, describe the appearance of the image, and generate semantic annotations. This paper presents a computational model for color categorization and naming and extraction of color composition. In this paper, we start from the National Bureau of Standards' recommendation for color names, and through subjective experiments, we develop our color vocabulary and syntax. To assign a color name from the vocabulary to an arbitrary input color, we then design a perceptually based color-naming metric. The proposed algorithm follows relevant neurophysiological findings and studies on human color categorization. Finally, we extend the algorithm and develop a scheme for extracting the color composition of a complex image. According to our results, the proposed method identifies known color regions in different color spaces accurately, the color names assigned to randomly selected colors agree with human judgments, and the description of the color composition of complex scenes is consistent with human observations.
Unboundedly parallel simulations via recurrence relations (1990)

New methods are presented for parallel simulation of discrete event systems that, when applicable, can usefully employ a number of processors much larger than the number of objects in the system being simulated. Abandoning the distributed event list approach, the simulation problem is posed using recurrence relations. We bring three algorithmic ideas to bear on parallel simulation: parallel prefix computation, parallel merging, and iterative folding. Efficient parallel simulations are given for (in turn) the G/G/1 queue, a variety of queueing networks having a global first come first served structure (e.g., a series of queues with finite buffers), acyclic networks of queues, and networks of queues with feedbacks and cycles. In particular, the problem of simulating the arrival and departure times for the first N jobs to a single G/G/1 queue is solved in time proportional to N/P + log P using P processors.
Classification of Common Violin Bowing Techniques Using Gesture Data from a Playable Measurement System (2008)

This paper presents the results of a recent study of common violin bowing techniques using a newly designed measurement system. This measurement system comprises force, inertial, and position sensors installed on a carbon fiber violin bow and electric violin, and enables recording of real player bowing gesture under normal playing conditions. Using this system, performances of six di! erent common bow
Diffraction from metallic gratings with locally varying profile forms (1999)

Measurements of the diffraction characteristics of one-dimensional surface-relief gratings of locally varying profile are compared with rigorous diffraction theory. These gratings result from the superposition of two linear sinusoidal gratings of uniform depth for which the relative phase between the two gratings varies slowly with position. The resultant surface profile exhibits a relatively large-period variation in profile form. The periodic variation in diffraction efficiency that results yields a visual moiré pattern that has interesting asymmetry and polarization properties that alter as the viewing conditions are changed; the gratings can be exploited by diffractive optically variable devices for document security.
Multi-Parameter Observation and Detection of Pre-Earthquake Signals in Seismically Active Areas (2012)

The recent large earthquakes (M9.0 Tohoku, 03/2011; M7.0 Haiti, 01/2010; M6.7 L Aquila, 04/2008; and M7.9 Wenchuan 05/2008) have renewed interest in pre-anomalous seismic signals associated with them. Recent workshops (DEMETER 2006, 2011 and VESTO 2009 ) have shown that there were precursory atmospheric /ionospheric signals observed in space prior to these events. Our initial results indicate that no single pre-earthquake observation (seismic, magnetic field, electric field, thermal infrared [TIR], or GPS/TEC) can provide a consistent and successful global scale early warning. This is most likely due to complexity and chaotic nature of earthquakes and the limitation in existing ground (temporal/spatial) and global satellite observations. In this study we analyze preseismic temporal and spatial variations (gas/radon counting rate, atmospheric temperature and humidity change, long-wave radiation transitions and ionospheric electron density/plasma variations) which we propose occur before the onset of major earthquakes:. We propose an Integrated Space -- Terrestrial Framework (ISTF), as a different approach for revealing pre-earthquake phenomena in seismically active areas. ISTF is a sensor web of a coordinated observation infrastructure employing multiple sensors that are distributed on one or more platforms; data from satellite sensors (Terra, Aqua, POES, DEMETER and others) and ground observations, e.g., Global Positioning System, Total Electron Content (GPS/TEC). As a theoretical guide we use the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) model to explain the generation of multiple earthquake precursors. Using our methodology, we evaluated retrospectively the signals preceding the most devastated earthquakes during 2005-2011. We observed a correlation between both atmospheric and ionospheric anomalies preceding most of these earthquakes. The second phase of our validation include systematic retrospective analysis for more than 100 major earthquakes (M>5.9) in Taiwan and Japan. We have found anomalous behavior before all of these events with no false negatives. Calculated false alarm ratio for the for the same month over the entire period of analysis (2003-2009) is less than 10% and was d as the earthquakes. The commonalities in detecting atmospheric/ionospheric anomalies show that they may exist over both land and sea in regions of maximum stress (i.e., along plate boundaries) Our results indicate that the ISTF model could provide a capability to observe pre-earthquake atmospheric/ionospheric signals by combining this information into a common framework.
A statistical approach to language translation (1988)

An approach to automatic translation is outlined that utilizes techniques of statistical information extraction from large data bases. The method is based on the availability of pairs of large corresponding texts that are translations of each other. In our case, the texts are in English and French.Fundamental to the technique is a complex glossary of correspondence of fixed locutions. The steps of the proposed translation process are: (1) Partition the source text into a set of fixed locutions. (2) Use the glossary plus contextual information to select the corresponding set of fixed locutions into a sequence forming the target sentence. (3) Arrange the words of the target fixed locutions into a sequence forming the target sentence.We have developed statistical techniques facilitating both the automatic creation of the glossary, and the performance of the three translation steps, all on the basis of an alignment of corresponding sentences in the two texts.While we are not yet able to provide examples of French / English translation, we present some encouraging intermediate results concerning glossary creation and the arrangement of target word sequences.
An integrated inductor and capacitor with co-located electric and magnetic fields (2015)

Passive components such as inductors and capacitors are fundamental components of nearly all power electronic conversion systems. This paper presents an innovative approach to highly integrated inductor (L) and capacitor (C) design by storing magnetic and electric field energy in a common volume, constituting a dual energy core (DEC). This is dissimilar from other integrated designs that primarily exploit a distributed parasitic capacitance between planar inductor windings, ultimately parsing electric and magnetic fields into separate locations unnecessarily. The DEC enables a four terminal integrated LC device that may be applied in nearly any circuit configuration (AC or DC) since its terminal characteristics appear as decoupled lumped elements. The fields in the core geometry are analytically modeled and the effects and tradeoffs of selecting different core parameters/dimensions are explored. Proof of concept prototypes of toroidal form factor demonstrate techniques for fabricating DEC integrated devices, and experimental measurements correlate with the analytical models used in the design process. Finally, a boost converter is constructed and tested with a prototype device to demonstrate decoupled operation of the fields in the core on a large signal basis.
Copper-Mediated Perfluoroalkylation of Heteroaryl Bromides with (phen)CuR<sub>F</sub> (2014)

The attachment of perfluoroalkyl groups onto organic compounds has been a major synthetic goal over the past several decades. Previously, our group reported phenanthroline-ligated perfluoroalkyl copper reagents, (phen)CuRF, which react with aryl iodides and aryl boronates to form the corresponding benzotrifluorides. Herein the perfluoroalkylation of a series of heteroaryl bromides with (phen)CuCF3 and (phen)CuCF2CF3 is reported. The mild reaction conditions allow the process to tolerate many common functional groups. Perfluoroethylation with (phen)CuCF2CF3 occurs in somewhat higher yields than trifluoromethylation with (phen)CuCF3, creating a method to generate fluoroalkyl heteroarenes that are less accessible from trifluoroacetic acid derivatives.