gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scanning holographic lidar telescope (1993)

We have developed a unique telescope for lidar using a holographic optical element (HOE) as the primary optic. The HOE diffracts 532 nm laser backscatter making a 43 deg angle with a normal to its surface to a focus located 130 cm along the normal. The field of view scans a circle as the HOE rotates about the normal. The detector assembly and baffling remain stationary, compared to conventional scanning lidars in which the entire telescope and detector assembly require steering, or which use a large flat steerable mirror in front of the telescope to do the pointing. The spectral bandpass of our HOE is 50 nm (FWHM). Light within that bandpass is spectrally dispersed at 0.6 nm/mm in the focal plane. An aperture stop reduces the bandpass of light reaching the detector from one direction to 1 nm while simultaneously reducing the field of view to 1 mrad. Wavelengths outside the 50 nm spectral bandpass pass undiffracted through HOE to be absorbed by a black backing. Thus, the HOE combines three functions into one optic: the scanning mirror, the focusing mirror, and a narrowband filter.
Short-term load forecasting based capacity check for automated power restoration of electric distribution networks (2010)

This paper concerns power restoration control in an electric distribution network after a permanent fault. It describes a process for online estimation of loads in a network, which further enables determination of the pre-fault load. The pre-fault load is used to adjust short-term forecasting based load profiles, which are then used in capacity check algorithm of the power restoration controller to determine a backfeed that is valid up to several hours subsequent to the restoration. The paper also introduces a concept of source capacity constraint estimator that resides on Distribution Management System (DMS), with a virtual IED interface that provides up-to-date and accurate information of source capacity limits to the restoration controller. The methodology as proposed in the paper is validated using a laboratory demonstration network setup.
A multistage multicriteria spatial sampling strategy for estimating contaminant mass discharge and its uncertainty (2009)

Mass discharge across a control plane has great potential to serve as a metric for the assessment of the impact of partial source zone depletion and for the development of risk‐based source plume remediation strategies. However, field‐estimated mass discharge is always subject to uncertainty, arising from nonexclusive sampling. The accuracy of the estimated discharge and the magnitude of its quantifiable uncertainty depend upon the amount of information provided by the sample data. A multistage spatial sampling strategy is proposed to select optimal sampling locations and determine minimal sampling density for accurate quantification of mass discharge uncertainty. Two sampling criteria are incorporated to ensure coverage of the control plane and delineation of highly concentrated areas (hot spots). Multiple criteria decision making theory is adapted to objectively weight the two sampling criteria, on the basis of the information importance of each criterion, with additional observations located according to the weighted average of the two criteria. Application of this methodology to numerically simulated plume transects shows that in comparison to one stage sampling design (regular pattern), this sampling strategy yields a 50% reduction in required sampling density for accurate uncertainty modeling. The developed sampling algorithm can be used in real time to guide staged field sampling.
Investigations on the 1-(2-Biphenyl)piperazine Motif: Identification of New Potent and Selective Ligands for the Serotonin<sub>7</sub> (5-HT<sub>7</sub>) Receptor with Agonist or Antagonist Action in Vitro or ex Vivo (2012)

Here we report the design, synthesis, and 5-HT(7) receptor affinity of a set of 1-(3-biphenyl)- and 1-(2-biphenyl)piperazines. The effect on 5-HT(7) affinity of various substituents on the second (distal) phenyl ring was analyzed. Several compounds showed 5-HT(7) affinities in the nanomolar range and >100-fold selectivity over 5-HT(1A) and adrenergic α(1) receptors. 1-[2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)phenyl]piperazine (9a) showed 5-HT(7) agonist properties in a guinea pig ileum assay but blocked 5-HT-mediated cAMP accumulation in 5-HT(7)-expressing HeLa cells.
Floating guard ring InP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with optimized ring structures (1990)

A simple separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiode structure (SAM APD) has been developed which utilizes a single Zn diffusion to form both the active area of the device and a unique floating guard ring structure. The first devices of this type had gains of 11 and low dark currents.1 Recently devices with optimized ring structures have demonstrated increases in breakdown voltage over unguarded structures of at least 20 V and complete suppression of edge gain. Gains >35 at 2-µA and > 15 at 0.2- µa dark current have been observed under 1.3-/µm illumination in the devices. Total dark currents at 90% of breakdown (typically 0.9Vbis >70 V) were <10 nA. The simplicity of the fabrication process makes the device well suited to meeting the demand for high performance economical APDs for the fiber optic communications market.
Technological Emergence Indicators Using Emergence Scoring (2017)

Indicators of technological emergence promise valuable intelligence to those determining R&D priorities. We present an implemented algorithm to calculate emergence scores for topical terms from abstract record sets. We offer a family of emergence indicators deriving from those scores. Primary emergence indicators identify "hot topic" terms, then we use those to generate secondary indicators that reflect organizations, countries, or authors especially active at research frontiers in a target domain. We also flag abstract records (papers or patents) rich in emergent technology content, and we score technological fields on relative degree of emergence. We show illustrative results for example topics -- Nano-Enabled Drug Delivery, Non-Linear Programming, Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, and Big Data.
Modeling and validation of pipeline specifications (2004)

Verification is one of the most complex and expensive tasks in the current Systems-on-Chip design process. Many existing approaches employ a bottom-up approach to pipeline validation, where the functionality of an existing pipelined processor is, in essence, reverse-engineered from its RT-level implementation. Our validation technique is complementary to these bottom-up approaches. Our approach leverages the system architect's knowledge about the behavior of the pipelined architecture, through architecture description language (ADL) constructs, and thus allows a powerful top-down approach to pipeline validation. The most important requirement in top-down validation process is to ensure that the specification (reference model) is golden. This paper addresses automatic validation of processor, memory, and coprocessor pipelines described in an ADL. We present a graph-based modeling that captures both structure and behavior of the architecture. Based on this model, we present algorithms to ensure that the static behavior of the pipeline is well formed by analyzing the structural aspects of the specification. We applied our methodology to verify specification of several realistic architectures from different architectural domains to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
A Yellow Emitting InGaN/GaN Nanowires-based Light Emitting Diode Grown on Scalable Quartz Substrate (2017)

The first InGaN/GaN nanowires-based yellow (λ = 590 nm) light-emitting diodes on scalable quartz substrates are demonstrated, by utilizing a thin Ti/TiN interlayer to achieve simultaneous substrate conductivity and transparency.
Minimum Effective Dose of DPP-4 Inhibitors for Treating Early Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in an Experimental Model (2022)

The neurovascular unit (NVU) plays an essential role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We previously reported that the topical administration (eye drops) of sitagliptin and saxagliptin, two dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), prevents retinal neurodegeneration and vascular leakage in db/db mice. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the minimum effective dose of the topical administration of these DPP-4i. For this purpose, sitagliptin and saxagliptin were tested at different concentrations (sitagliptin: 1 mg/mL, 5 and 10 mg/mL, twice per day; saxagliptin: 1 and 10 mg/mL, once or twice per day) in db/db mice. As end points of efficacy, the hallmarks of NVU impairment were evaluated: reactive gliosis, neural apoptosis, and vascular leakage. These parameters were assessed by immunohistochemistry, cell counting, and the Evans blue method, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the minimum effective dose is 5 mg/mL twice per day for sitagliptin, and 10 mg/mL twice per day for saxagliptin. In conclusion, this study provides useful results for the design of future preclinical regulatory studies and for planning clinical trials.
Light modulated electron beam driven radiofrequency emitter (1979)

The disclosure relates to a light modulated electron beam-driven radiofrequency emitter. Pulses of light impinge on a photoemissive device which generates an electron beam having the pulse characteristics of the light. The electron beam is accelerated through a radiofrequency resonator which produces radiofrequency emission in accordance with the electron, hence, the light pulses.
Reversible control of RNA interference by siRNAzos (2019)

In this study, we report the reversible control of RNA interference using siRNAzos, a class of siRNAs that contain azobenzene. Herein, we demonstrate that it is possible to take an active siRNAzo, and inactivate it for up to 24 hours. We also demonstrate reversibility of these siRNAzos within cell culture. For example, active siRNAzos can be inactivated in cell culture with ultraviolet light, and then reactivated with visible light. In addition, we also show that siRNAzos can be activated and inactivated towards the endogenous target gene, BCL2.
Linear time universal coding of tree sources via FSM closure (2004)

This paper presents the first algorithm for linear time encoding/decoding of a twice-universal code in class of tree models. The implemented code is a two-pass (semi-predictive) version of context. The algorithmic tools employed in its derivation and their information-theoretic implications is also investigated. The FSM closure of a generalised context tree, defined as the smallest finite-state machine is characterised.
Bilevel Polysiloxane Resist For Ion-Beam And Electron-Beam Lithography (1985)

A series of polysiloxane-based negative resists will be described which are applicable to both electron-beam and ion-beam lithography. Compositional changes have been made to nary the Fisitivitg to 20 keV electrons from 40 to 180 μC/cm 2 . A sensitivity of 9.4 tiC/cm (2.5 x 10 12 ions/cm 2 ) has been obtained with 150 keV silicon ions for the 40 iiC/cm E-beam resist. The resists have high glass transition temperaWes and re effective top layers of a bilevel resist system. A thin polysiloxane layer (400A to 1000A) makes an effective mask layer over 1 to 2 μm AZ type leveling layer. After the polysiloxane pattern was developed, the images were transferred to the AZ layer by reactive ion etching with oxygen. By properly adjusting the etching parameters, extremely high anisotropy and excellent selectivity (25:1 ratio between bottom and top layers) were achieved. Using this polysiloxane-topped bilevel system, good quality images have been prepared using both electron-beam lithography (EBL) and focused ion-beam lithography (FIBL). With a 600 -700w thick polysiloxane layer over 1 pm of AZ1370 we have produced a 6000 wide gap with parallel side walls in a 2 pm pitchimage by EBL. The same process has also demonstrated high quality images over 5000A steps. For FIBL a resist system consisting of 400w of polysiloxane over 1 pm AZ1370 was used with a focused 50 keV gallium ion beam2 Resist lines 0.12 pm wide and 1 μm high were produced with an exposure of 8 x 10 12 ions/cm 2 .
Multiplanar Fixation for Patella Fractures Using a Low-Profile Mesh Plate (2015)

Patella fractures are challenging orthopaedic injuries. Many commonly used fixation techniques can be ineffective and lead to poor clinical outcomes even with satisfactory reductions and fracture healing. In this investigation, we present the technique of cage plate fixation of patella fractures and the clinical outcomes of 9 initial patients surgically treated at our institution. This technique allows direct visualization of the articular reduction, provides multiplanar fixation, effectively stabilizes inferior pole comminution, and reduces the risk of patella vascular disruption. Using this technique, we have achieved excellent functional and radiographic outcomes.
Expansion of donor hepatocytes after recombinant adenovirus-induced liver regeneration in mice (1997)

Hepatocyte transplantation is a potential form of therapy for patients with genetic hepatodeficiency disorders. Unfortunately, hepatocellular transplantation has been limited because of the relatively low numbers of donor cells that can ultimately take up residence in the host liver. To give the donor cells a proliferative stimulus, a recombinant adenovirus vector that expresses a nonsecreted urokinase (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) was transduced into the livers of recipient animals before transplantation. Because urokinase production in hepatocytes causes the slow turnover of hepatocytes, 2 days after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into the livers of recipient mice, 2 x 10(6) congenic donor cells tagged with beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) reporter were implanted via the portal vein. As a result, on average, 8.6% of the recipient hepatocytes in the livers were derived from donor cells--a 20-fold increase compared with control animals in which no proliferative stimulus was present.
Ferrioxamine as a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Preclinical Studies and Phase I and II Human Clinical Trials (1988)

The preclinical and clinical trial experience with ferrioxamine (S-FDF; Salutar, Inc.) as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is summarized. The results in 44 patients or subjects show that the drug is safe and well tolerated when given intravenously. In certain conditions, early results show that the use of this contrast agent provides more information than can be obtained with MRI alone.
T2‐weighted three‐dimensional MP‐RAGE MR imaging (1991)

The application of three-dimensional (3D) magnetization-prepared rapid-gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) imaging to the acquisition of T2-weighted 3D data sets has been investigated, with a 90 degrees x-180 degrees y-90 degrees-x pulse set (driven equilibrium) for the T2 contrast preparation. A theoretical model was used to study the contrast behavior of brain tissue. The effects of radio-frequency and static-field inhomogeneities and eddy currents on the T2 contrast preparation and the effects of eddy currents on the gradient-echo acquisition resulted in blurring and intensity banding artifacts. With a multistep gradient preparation, these artifacts could be suppressed. With further development, this technique may yield a clinically practical method for obtaining T2-weighted 3D data sets of relatively large volumes (eg, the whole head) suitable for multiplanar reformatting.
A real-time multi-processing computer infrastructure for automated testing (2002)

The modern test infrastructure utilizes multiple computers for data acquisition, embedded control and operator interface. Often these computers are integrated in a non-real-time communications network upon which system architects attempt to overlay real-time functionality. Under development at Ford is a deterministic, data-driven communications infrastructure employing reflective memory. This system is applicable to a wide range of test, simulation and local communication environments. Multiple computers of different design are made to function as a single multi-processing unit. Immediate application of this technology includes automated testing and powertrain calibration. This paper reviews the design requirements and describes the hardware/software architecture used to provide test site transparency, independent of computing platform and test system integrator.
Carbohydrate-Mediated Purification of Petrochemicals (2015)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are known to facilitate energy-efficient separations of important industrial chemical feedstocks. Here, we report how a class of green MOFs-namely CD-MOFs-exhibits high shape selectivity toward aromatic hydrocarbons. CD-MOFs, which consist of an extended porous network of γ-cyclodextrins (γ-CDs) and alkali metal cations, can separate a wide range of benzenoid compounds as a result of their relative orientation and packing within the transverse channels formed from linking (γ-CD)6 body-centered cuboids in three dimensions. Adsorption isotherms and liquid-phase chromatographic measurements indicate a retention order of ortho- > meta- > para-xylene. The persistence of this regioselectivity is also observed during the liquid-phase chromatography of the ethyltoluene and cymene regioisomers. In addition, molecular shape-sorting within CD-MOFs facilitates the separation of the industrially relevant BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers) mixture. The high resolution and large separation factors exhibited by CD-MOFs for benzene and these alkylaromatics provide an efficient, reliable, and green alternative to current isolation protocols. Furthermore, the isolation of the regioisomers of (i) ethyltoluene and (ii) cymene, together with the purification of (iii) cumene from its major impurities (benzene, n-propylbenzene, and diisopropylbenzene) highlight the specificity of the shape selectivity exhibited by CD-MOFs. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations and single component static vapor adsorption isotherms and kinetics reveal the origin of the shape selectivity and provide insight into the capability of CD-MOFs to serve as versatile separation platforms derived from renewable sources.
Shifted Leakage Power Characteristics of Dynamic Circuits Due to Gate Oxide Tunneling (2005)

The subthreshold and gate oxide leakage power characteristics of domino logic circuits are evaluated in this paper. The preferred input vectors and node voltage states are identified to minimize the total leakage power consumption in the sleep mode. New low leakage design guidelines based on the results are presented. Previous studies indicate that a discharged dynamic node voltage state with high inputs is preferable to reduce the subthreshold leakage power consumption in an idle dual threshold voltage domino gate. However, the gate oxide leakage is ignored in the previous studies. The significantly increased gate dielectric tunneling current, as described in this paper, shifts the leakage power characteristics of dynamic circuits in the sub-65nm CMOS technologies. Contrary to the previously published techniques in older technologies, a charged dynamic node voltage state with low inputs is preferred for reducing the total leakage power consumption in the wide fan-in dual threshold voltage domino gates. Similarly, a charged dynamic node voltage state with low inputs is preferred for lowering the leakage power consumption in all types of low threshold voltage domino gates in a 45nm CMOS technology.
Phase Correction for GPS Antenna with Nonunique Phase Center (2005)

A method of determining the position and attitude of a body equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver includes an accounting for the location of the nonunique phase center of a distributed or wraparound GPS antenna. The method applies, more specifically, to the case in which (1) the GPS receiver utilizes measurements of the phases of GPS carrier signals in its position and attitude computations and (2) the body is axisymmetric (e.g., spherical or round cylindrical) and wrapped at its equator with a single- or multiple-element antenna, the radiation pattern of which is also axisymmetric with the same axis of symmetry as that of the body.
A Miniaturized Band-Pass Frequency Selective Surface (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new type of engineered material that can act as a frequency selective surface (FSS) with any desired order. The material consists of a periodic array of small metallic patches printed on one side of a dielectric substrate and a wire grid structure printed on the other side, both having the same period, which is much smaller than the wavelength of operating frequency
Specular surface reconstruction from multi-angle interrogation (SRMI) using a piston-array-based transducer for enhanced bone delineation (2012)

Bone surface detectability with ultrasound is limited due to several factors including off-axis reflection artifacts and low sensitivity to bone surfaces that are not perpendicular to the central axis of the transducer. To address these limitations, a technique termed specular surface reconstruction from multi-angle interrogation (SRMI) was investigated. The SRMI approach uses an array of individual mechanically sector-scanned pistons with overlapping fields of view. Simulations were performed in FIELD II to characterize the angular sensitivity to specular surfaces with varying sector-scan angular span and with comparison to a representative linear array-based spatial compounding technique. The SRMI approach was tested experimentally in an ex vivo, fractured, porcine rib bone embedded in tissue-mimicking phantom material. The SRMI approach with piston-array-based transducer produced several advantages over standard B-mode imaging including generally higher SNR gains with compounding than is readily achieved using a linear array - e.g. √6 versus √3.2. At fixed imaging depth, angular sensitivity improved by approximately 10 degrees with increased sector-scan angular span of 100 degrees versus 40 degrees. The SRMI approach avoids grating lobes typical of linear arrays, and thus provides an inherent advantage for bone imaging. Experimentally, the SRMI approach yielded enhanced bone delineation compared with a single aperture sector scan (6.7 dB contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improvement).
High-soy-containing water-durable adhesives (2006)

Abstract Water-resistant bonds are important in many wood products and have been hard to obtain with many bio-based adhesives. Using a three-step process, water-soluble soy flour has been converted into adhesives that cure into an insoluble material for water-durable adhesives. The process consists of denaturation of soy flour, followed by modification with formaldehyde and then conversion via co-polymerization with a suitable cross-linking agent into an insoluble material. Both formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde are used as cross-linking agents. The extent of conversion into the cross-linked copolymer was assessed with a 24-h water extraction procedure and via elemental analysis. Soy-based resins with 44–86% conversion of soluble soy flour have been successfully prepared with up to complete conversion of the protein component. These resins were also used to prepare strandboards of comparable performance to a control commercial phenol-formaldehyde resin. A direct relationship between the percentage of soy flour incorporated and the final board performance was obtained. Keywords: SOYSOYBEANSPHENOLFORMALDEHYDEWOOD ADHESIVEDURABLE ADHESIVE