gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Pixelwise Classification of Hyperspectral Images: A generalizing model for a fixed scene subject to temporally changing weather, lighting and seasonal conditions (2017)

In hyperspectral (HS) imaging, for every pixel a spectrum of wavelengths is captured. These spectra represent material properties, i.e. the spectral signatures. So, classification of HS imagery is based on material properties. This thesis describes a framework to perform pixelwise classification of HS images of a fixed scene subject to varying ambient conditions. TNO has recorded HS images over the course of one year, every hour between sunrise and sunset. Therefore, this data set is subject to a range of lighting, weather and seasonal conditions, degrading the recorded data. Traditionally, atmospheric models are used to correct for these effects, recovering spectral information. In this work a Fully Convolutional Neural Network (FCN) is trained to perform the segmentation task which also learns to correct for ambient conditions, eliminating the need of implementing an atmospheric model or applying image normalization. A single FCN (U-Net) is implemented to solve a five-class segmentation problem, distinguishing broad leaf trees, grass, sand, asphalt and artificial grass. To start training a neural network, the training data set requires a corresponding ground truth. A sparsely annotated mask is designed which fits images covering the entire recording period. In single-scene segmentation, annotating using a sparse mask is a quick method which allows for moving object borders. Furthermore, it avoids inclusion of mixed pixels. In order to reduce computational load, the training data set is formed by many small patches taken from the original HS images. Consequently, the network is trained with local spectral-spatial information. Training the standard U-Net proves to be limited to training data sets under relatively constant ambient conditions. In order to further enhance generalization over seasons, the network weights are rearranged so that a similar number of weights is maintained. This network is essential for training a complex training data set, as it is able to extract more informative features. The standard U-Net trained with a simple training data set (i.e. relatively constant ambient conditions) achieves an accuracy A &gt; 94% for both sunny and rainy test images irrespective of time of the day. However, this model is valid for a limited period of time. The customized U-Net trained with a complex training data set (i.e. highly varying ambient conditions) yields segmentations with an accuracy ranging between 86 and 93%. This model is valid for a longer period of time, covering multiple seasons. So the experiments show that there is a trade-off between segmentation accuracy and duration of model validity, which is controlled by network weight arrangement.
A multistandard HF/ UHF-RFID-tag with integrated sensor interface and localization capability (2012)

This paper presents a passive multistandard HF/ UHF-RFID-tag implemented in a 0.13μm bulk CMOS process. The RFID-tag consists of a multistandard HF/ UHF frontend for both frequency bands at 13.56 MHz and around 900 MHz. The tag is enhanced with additional functionality for sensing and localization. The integrated sensor interface consists of a multiplexer, a temperature sensor and an ultra-low power SAR analog-to-digital converter, which features a sampling rate of 100 kHz at a power consumption of less than 700 nW. Additionally the tag supports its localization through an FMCW-radar working at 2.45 GHz.
Study of the mechanical properties of Nd:YVO_4 crystal by use of laser interferometry and finite-element analysis (2001)

A hybrid method that combines experimental and numerical approaches for determining the material properties of Nd:YVO4 is reported. In the experimental investigations a laser interferometer is proposed for measuring the physical deformation of lasing materials at the end-pump surface. By matching with the measured end bulging, we have implemented a numerical solution with finite-element analyses to determine the Poisson ratio and Young's modulus of the crystal. The accuracy interval of the evaluated Poisson ratio of 0.33 and Young's modulus of 133 GPa is discussed numerically. Based on the mechanical properties obtained, the end effect is separated from thermal effects, and it shows that the end effect results in an approximate equal thermal lensing effect compared with the index parts for end-pumped Nd:YVO4 lasers.
Fermentative Herstellung der α,ω‐Dicarbonsäure 1,18‐Oktadecendisäure als Grundbaustein für biobasierte Kunststoffe (2009)

Abstract Langkettige, ungesättigte Dicarbonsäuren stellen interessante Monomere für die Herstellung von neuen Polyamiden und ‐estern dar. Chemisch sind diese nur schwer darstellbar, daher stellt die fermentative Herstellung eine attraktive Alternative dar. Durch Untersuchung von Wachstums‐ und Produktionsparametern konnte der Herstellungsprozess von 1,18‐Oktadecendisäure mit dem Stamm Candida tropicalis verbessert und neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen werden.
A scalable architecture of associative processors employing nano functional devices (2009)

A methodology for building a low-power high-capacity associative processor system employing nano functional devices has been proposed. The study is a demonstration of how to use nano-scale devices in building practical applications, particularly in building associative processors. Characteristics of such devices are utilized for similarity evaluation and emulated by a simple NMOS circuitry. The concept has been verified by experimental results obtained from the real working proof-of-concept chip fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology.
Cytoprotective Effect of Pentagastrin and Epidermal Growth Factor on Stress Ulcer Formation (1985)

This study was designed to test the effects of pentagastrin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on stress-induced ulceration and on the antral content of gastrin and somatostatin (SLI) in rats. Four groups of 14 to 15 rats had been prepared for 7 days by one of the following methods: saline injection (control); injection of pentagastrin (250 micrograms/kg, 3 times/day); injection of EGF (10 micrograms/kg, 3 times/day); or injection of EGF plus pentagastrin. At the end of the treatment period, half of each group of rats were sacrificed (nonstress group). There were no ulcers in the nonstress control groups of rats. Stress was applied by water immersion in the remaining half of the rats. The injections of pentagastrin and/or EGF resulted in substantial increase in antral content of SLI. After 20 hours of stress, the ulcer index was 40.5 +/- 3.3 in the controls, compared to 6.4 +/- 1.2 and 16.2 +/- 2.3 in rats that received pentagastrin or EGF, respectively. Injections of both pentagastrin and EGF resulted in an ulcer index of 26.2 +/- 2.0, which was significantly lower than that in controls, but higher than that in rats treated with either peptide alone. The stress resulted in significant decrease in antral SLI in all groups of rats, whereas SLI content in rats treated with pentagastrin and/or EGF remained significantly higher than that of controls. Antral content of gastrin did not differ significantly in the four groups tested. The ulcer index was inversely correlated with antral SLI content. We confirm and extend previous observations that pentagastrin and EGF prevent stress ulcer formation, and suggest that endogenous SLI may account, at least in part, for their antiulcer activity.
Highly Accurate Airflow Volumetric Flowmeters via pMUTs Arrays Based on Transit Time (2019)

This paper describes a highly accurate airflow volumetric flowmeter using piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) arrays based on transit time. Two pieces of 10by10 multipled aluminum nitride (AlN) pMUTs arrays at resonant frequency of 980 kHz are employed to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals alternately. The dimension of the fabricated 10by10 array is about 3.5 × 3.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , so the pMUTs-based flowmeter is able to measure flow rate in a 3D-printed pipe with an inner diameter of 10 mm. An evaluation board TDC1000-TDC7200EVM with resolution in ns is used to excite the transducers and handle the received signal. Leveraging on the high signal to noise ratio (SNR, ~29 dB) of the pMUTs array and excellent resolution (ns) of the evaluation board, the flowmeter has high accuracy. For the reference volumetric flow rate varying from 0-9 L/min in the range of laminar flow, the relative errors of the correctional volumetric flow are within 3%.
The evolution of bovine viral diarrhea: a review. (2002)

The economic importance of bovine viral diarrhea is increasing with the emergence of seemingly more virulent viruses, as evidenced by outbreaks of hemorrhagic syndrome and severe acute bovine viral diarrhea beginning in the 1980s and 1990s. It appears that evolutionary changes in bovine viral diarrhea virus were responsible for these outbreaks. The genetic properties of the classical bovine viral diarrhea virus that contribute to the basis of current diagnostic tests, vaccines, and our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms are now being reevaluated because of these "new" virus strains. This shift in virulence has confounded both nomenclature and the significance of current bovine viral diarrhea virus categorization. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of bovine viral diarrhea virus with a chronological review of prevailing scientific tenets and practices as described in clinical and scientific North American veterinary journals and textbooks. The first part of this review describes how we have arrived at our current understanding of the viruses, the diseases, and their nomenclature. The second part of the review deals with current concepts in virology and how these concepts may both explain and predict bovine viral diarrhea virus pathogenesis. By reviewing how knowledge of bovine viral diarrhea has evolved and the theories of how the virus itself is able to evolve, the interpretation of diagnostic tests are more effectively utilized in the control and treatment of bovine viral diarrhea virus associated disease.
Synthesis of new 2-arylidene-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones. (1997)

A number of 2-arylidene-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for CNS activity. Some of the tested compounds exhibited marked CNS depressant activity in mice.
Pressurized artificial muscles (2011)

Pressurized artificial muscles are reviewed. These actuators consist of stiff reinforcing fibers surrounding an elastomeric bladder and operate using a pressurized internal fluid. The pressurized artificial muscles, known as McKibben actuators or flexible matrix composite actuators, can be applied to a wide array of applications, including prosthetics/orthotics, robots, morphing wing technologies, and variable stiffness structures. Analytical models for predicting the response behavior have used both virtual work methods and continuum mechanics. Various nonlinear control algorithms have been developed, including sliding mode control (SMC), adaptive control, neural networks, etc. In addition to traditional fluid-driving methods, innovative techniques such as chemical and electrical driving techniques are reviewed. With improved manufacturing techniques, the operational life of pressurized artificial muscles has been significantly extended, thus making them suitable for a vast range of potential applications.
Low-cost laser modules for SMT (2002)

A passive assembly process for laser modules has been developed that is based on silicon submounts with 3-dimensional structures and corresponding laser chips. It makes use of surface tension effects to pull the chips into their final position defined by mechanical stops and stand-offs. Full singlemode compatible accuracy is achieved. A prefabricated plastic housing with an integrated optical connector completes the concept. Due to the eliminated fixed fiber pigtail and the materials that are used all elements are compatible with automated surface mounting (SMT) into the system electronics. All these details contribute to the low cost technology for high performance laser modules. Although active cooling is not provided laser modules are capable of 2.5 mW emission for environmental temperatures as high as 85/spl deg/C. The concept is open for other applications like receivers and more complex integrated devices.
The status of Friedmann's bush-lark Mirafra pulpa (1977)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Clinical pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies of gabapentin enacarbil, a novel transported prodrug of gabapentin, with naproxen and cimetidine (2010)

No gabapentin enacarbil dose adjustment is needed with co-administration of naproxen or cimetidine.
A Lut-Based Method to Estimate Clear-Sky Instantaneous Land Surface Shortwave Downward Radiation and its Direct Component from Modis Data (2019)

Land surface shortwave downward radiation (SWDR) is generally defined as incident solar energy over land surfaces in the shortwave spectrum (300-3000nm). As one of important parameter of the land surface radiation budget (SRB) and many land process models, it is usually required as part of the input variables to address a large variety of scientific application issues in fields of agricultural management, climate trends, ecological forecasting, reusable energy production, public health and so on. Currently, regional or global SWDR can be estimated from polar-orbiting or geostationary satellite observations based on empirical or physical-based retrieval models. These remote-sensed SWDR products with fine spatial resolution provide us valuable information about a series of critical Earth science problems and enable us to gain more insight into the planet we live on. In this paper, an improved method was proposed based on a look-up table approach via MODTRAN-5 simulations to estimate clear-sky instantaneous SWDR and its direct component from TOA radiance of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) observation. Ground measurements from seven SURFRAD sites are used for validating the algorithm and the result shows good accuracy. This approach is suitable for producing clear-sky instantaneous SWDR and its direct component at the spatial resolution of finer than 5 km.
Efficient message dispatch in object-oriented systems (2000)

Single dispatch involves performing at run-time a multi-way switch over the possible classes of the receiver. Most object-oriented systems implement this switch as an array lookup using a table-based technique or as a binary search using a tree-based technique. However, each of these is the best choice only under a particular circumstance; neither outperforms the other under all circumstances. In this paper, we present a time and space efficient implementation of the switch that employs the table-based technique when an array lookup outperforms a binary search and the tree-based technique when a binary search outperforms an array lookup. Further, when neither an array lookup nor a binary search is superior, our scheme blends the two techniques in a manner that gains the benefits of both without suffering the disadvantages of either. We relate our scheme to recent work and discuss extending it to implement multiple dispatch.
Phenotypic classification of human CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells reflecting their function: inverse correlation between quantitative expression of CD27 and cytotoxic effector function (2004)

Phenotypic classification of human CD8(+) T cells using three cell surface markers, CD27, CD28 and CD45RA, was recently suggested to be useful for identification of naive, memory and effector CD8(+) T cells. However, it still remains unclear whether such classification precisely reflects functional classification of CD8(+) T cells. To clarify this, we characterized each CD27CD28CD45RA subset of total and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific CD8(+) T cells by analyzing the expression of perforin and two chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CCR7, as well as their function. An inverse correlation between perforin and CD27 expression was found in all four CD28CD45RA subsets. Therefore, to achieve a phenotypic classification of CD8(+) T cells that more precisely reflects their function, the CD27(+) subset was divided into CD27(low) and CD27(high) subsets based on the expression level of CD27. Functional and flow cytometric analyses of CD27CD28CD45RA subsets showed that this phenotypic classification reflects functional classification of CD8(+) T cells. HCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells from healthy HCMV-seropositive individuals were predominantly found in effector and memory/effector subsets, indicating that HCMV-specific effector CD8(+) T cells are actively induced by HCMV replication in healthy HCMV carriers. Phenotypic analyses of CD8(+) T cells using this classification will enable the characterization of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells.
Turn-Off Time as an Early Indicator of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Latch-up (2011)

In this paper, effects preceding a latch-up fault in insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are studied. Primary failure modes associated with IGBT latch-up faults are reviewed. Precursors to latch-up, primarily an increase in turn-off time as a consequence of elevated junction temperature, are examined for an IGBT. The relationship between junction temperature and turn-off time is explained by modeling the parasitic properties of an IGBT. A metric is derived from the model to standardize the relative estimates in junction temperature from measurements of turn-off time. To evaluate the effects preceding latch-up in-situ, seeded fault testing is conducted on a three-phase power inverter using aged transistors induced with a fault located in the die-attach solder layer. Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed metric as a precursor to transistor latch-up.
Design of a Hemispherical Magnetic Levitation Haptic Interface Device (1996)

Abstract We are currently fabricating a haptic interface device to enable direct physical interaction with dynamic simulated three-dimensional environments by exerting and reacting to forces and motions between the user’s hand and a magnetically levitated object. Our device uses magnetic levitation rather than a motorized linkage so that the dynamics are simple and actuator nonlinearities such as hysteresis, backlash and static friction are eliminated. Magnetic levitation haptic interaction was previously demonstrated using a fine motion robot wrist. A new magnetic levitation device was then designed specifically to address the requirements of realistic tool-based haptic interaction. A hemispherical device shape was adopted to maximize the ranges of translation and rotation and the ratio of actuator surface area to the levitated mass while enabling the user to grip a tool handle at the hemisphere center, near the center of mass, where translation, rotation, force, and torque ranges are the same in all directions. The new device will have a motion range of at least ±12 mm and ±7°, position sensing resolution within 3 μm, and will be capable of generating peak forces up to 60 N. Preliminary results from testing of position sensors and actuator assemblies support the performance data obtained from model analysis.
Laser Doppler Vibrometry Measures of Physiological Function: Evaluation of Biometric Capabilities (2010)

A novel approach for remotely sensing mechanical cardiovascular activity for use as a biometric marker is proposed. Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) is employed to sense vibrations on the surface of the skin above the carotid artery related to arterial wall movements associated with the central blood pressure pulse. Carotid LDV signals are recorded using noncontact methods and the resulting unobtrusiveness is a major benefit of this technique. Several recognition methods are proposed that use the temporal and/or spectral information in the signal to assess biometric performance both on an intrasession basis, and on an intersession basis where LDV measurements were acquired from the same subjects after delays ranging from one week to six months. A waveform decomposition method that utilizes principal component analysis is used to model the signal in the time domain. Authentication testing for this approach produces an equal-error rate of 0.5% for intrasession testing. However, performance degrades substantially for intersession testing, requiring a more robust approach to modeling. Improved performance is obtained using techniques based on time-frequency decomposition, incorporating a method for extracting informative components. Biometric fusion methods including data fusion and information fusion are applied to train models using data from multiple sessions. As currently implemented, this approach yields an intersession equal-error rate of 6.3%.
Brain Morphometry Analysis with Surface Foliation Theory (2018)

Brain morphometry study plays a fundamental role in neuroimaging research. In this work, we propose a novel method for brain surface morphometry analysis based on surface foliation theory. Given brain cortical surfaces with automatically extracted landmark curves, we first construct finite foliations on surfaces. A set of admissible curves and a height parameter for each loop are provided by users. The admissible curves cut the surface into a set of pairs of pants. A pants decomposition graph is then constructed. Strebel differential is obtained by computing a unique harmonic map from surface to pants decomposition graph. The critical trajectories of Strebel differential decompose the surface into topological cylinders. After conformally mapping those topological cylinders to standard cylinders, parameters of standard cylinders (height, circumference) are intrinsic geometric features of the original cortical surfaces and thus can be used for morphometry analysis purpose. In this work, we propose a set of novel surface features rooted in surface foliation theory. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to make use of surface foliation theory for brain morphometry analysis. The features we computed are intrinsic and informative. The proposed method is rigorous, geometric, and automatic. Experimental results on classifying brain cortical surfaces between patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy control subjects demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of our method.
Prognostic significance of thymidine kinase activity in bladder carcinoma (2002)

This study is the first to demonstrate that the level of TK activity is correlated with both disease stage and tumor grade in patients with bladder carcinoma and that elevated TK activity predicts early recurrence in patients with Ta and T1 disease. These results suggest that the level of TK activity may be used as a prognostic parameter and that TK may be a molecular therapeutic target in patients with bladder carcinoma.
Ionomycin, a new polyether antibiotic. (1978)

Ionomycin, a new polyether antibiotic with a high affinity for calcium ions, is obtained in pure form from fermentation broths of Streptomyces conglobatus sp. nov. Trejo by solvent extraction. It is unique amongst known polyether antibiotics in that it has a UV absorption maximum at 300 nm. thereby distinguishing it from other antibiotics of its class. The Ca salt has the molecular formula C41H70O9Ca. Ionomycin is a narrow spectrum antibiotic being active against Gram-positive bacteria.