gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carcinosarcoma of the colon. Report of a unique case with light and immunohistochemical studies (1986)

A unique case of carcinosarcoma of the colon is reported. The tumor invaded the bowel wall deeply, metastasized widely, resisted multi-agent chemotherapy, and caused the patient's death 4 years later. The tumor was composed of adenosquamous carcinoma admixed with sarcoma showing osseous, cartilaginous, and nonspecific spindle-cell differentiation. Although carcinoembryonic antigen appeared limited to carcinoma cells, cytokeratin immunoreactivity was observed in both carcinoma and sarcoma cells. Like carcinosarcomas at other body sites, the finding of cytokeratin in sarcoma cells supports partial epithelial differentiation in this component, likely retained from carcinoma precursor cells.
Charging and characterization of non-patterned organic micro electret arrays (2014)

This paper presents the charging and characterization of organic micro electret array for vibration energy harvesting. Micro sized electrets with stable and high surface potential are essential for long-term effectiveness of micro electrostatic power generators which harvest low-level vibration energy. In this study, a localized corona charging method to obtain micro sized electret areas on non-patterned macro sized dielectric thin film has been proposed to solve the problem of low charging efficiency and fast charge decay of micro sized electrets. This method involves using a shadow mask to transfer charge patterns and a triode corona charging configuration to facilitate charge penetration. Charging efficiency of 93.6% is achieved on an electret area of 100µm × 100µm, and 87% of its initial surface potential remains on the shrunken area of 50µm × 50µm after 240 days of storage. A technique combining SEM surface topography and non-contact measurement of the average surface potential has been developed to map the charge distribution on locally charged dielectric thin film and measure the surface potential on the micro sized charged area by incorporating the layout characteristic of an micro electret array.
Friction Control in Thin-Film Lubrication (1998)

A novel method is proposed for controlling and reducing friction in thin-film boundary lubricated junctions, through coupling of small amplitude (of the order of 1 Å) directional mechanical oscillations of the confining boundaries to the molecular degrees of freedom of the sheared interfacial lubricating fluid. Extensive grand-canonical molecular dynamics simulations revealed the nature of dynamical states of confined sheared molecular films, their structural characteristics, and the molecular scale mechanisms underlying transitions between them. Control of friction in the lubricated junction is demonstrated, with a transition from a high-friction stick−slip shear dynamics of the lubricant to an ultralow kinetic friction state (termed as a superkinetic friction regime), occurring for Deborah number values De = τf/τosc > 1, where τosc is the time constant of the boundary mechanical oscillations normal to the shear plane and τf is the characteristic relaxation time for molecular flow and ordering processes in the confined region. A rate and state model generalized to include the effects of such oscillations is introduced, yielding results in close correspondence with the predictions of the atomistic simulations.
Experimental Studies of Heterogeneous Nucleation in the Turbulent Mixing Condensation Nuclei Counter (2004)

A method for varying the supersaturation in a turbulent mixing CNC has been used to examine heterogeneous nucleation of different compounds (working fluid) on various nuclei's compositions. Supersaturation was controlled by changing the vapor pressure of working fluid in nozzle flow, which was accomplished by saturating only a predetermined fraction of the flow while the keeping the total flow and temperature constant. This approach allows the partial pressure of the working fluid to be varied while maintaining a constant flow structure and temperature field. Experimental results characterizing the initial stages of heterogeneous nucleation are presented for NaCl, KCl, AgCl, and Ag particles. Heterogeneous nucleation was examined at various pressures of dibutylphthalate, octadecane, octadecanol, and octadecanoic acid. For octadecanoic acid as the working fluid, the size distribution of the grown particles is unimodal with the size increasing with increasing pressure of the working fluid. For the other working fluids, the initial size distribution splits into a bimodal distribution with one mode approximately the same as the initial distribution and a larger sized mode that grows with increasing pressure of the condensing vapor. For NaCl and octadecane and octadecanol, the initial unimodal size distribution splits into a trimodal size distribution.
Asymmetric Realizations for Dual-Mode Bandpass Filters (1981)

Two analytic synthesis techniques are presented for even-degree dual-mode in-line prototype networks up to degree 14. Commencing with the coupling matrix for the double cross-coupled array, rotational transformations are applied to transform the matrix into the form required for the dual-mode in-line asymmetric structure. "Asymmetric" here means that the coupling elements (irises, screws) are unequal in value about the physical center of the filter. The necessity for these asymmetric solutions arose when it was discovered that it was impossible to realize certain useful transmission characteristics with the symmetric in-line structure, on account of their transmission zero pattern in the complex-plane representation of the transfer function. Furthermore, because the full coupling matrix is used instead of the even-mode matrix as with the symmetric solution, the asymmetric in-line realization process may be applied to electrically asymmetric matrices, such as those for single ended filters for multiplexer applications. To demonstrate the validity of the theory, a practical model of each type of realization has been constructed.
Autoimmunity against p53 predicts invasive cancer with poor survival in patients with an ovarian mass (2000)

Serum autoantibodies against the p53 protein (p53 AAb) were analysed with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on highly purified and renatured p53. In a hospital-based cohort study, preoperative sera from 113 patients with ovarian cancer, 15 patients with borderline tumours and 117 patients with benign tumours of the ovaries were studied. The prevalence of p53 AAb in patients with invasive cancer was 19% (21/113). No p53 AAb were found in patients with borderline lesions or benign tumours. The ELISA had a specificity for malignancy of 99% (1 of 117; false-positive from a patient with severe diabetes mellitus) and a likelihood ratio (LR+) for a positive test result of 21.7 (elevated CA125 and malignancy: LR+ 3.7). p53 AAb were only detectable in patients with immunohistochemical staining of nuclear p53 in the tumour (P = 0.006). Presence of p53 AAb positively correlated with tumour stage (P = 0.034) and grade (P = 0.009). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed both a shortened overall survival (P = 0.0016, log-rank) and relapse-free survival (P = 0.055) for p53 AAb-positive patients (median follow-up 22 months). High titres related to even worse prognosis. p53 AAb independently related to poor survival adjusting for stage (P = 0.026), grade (P = 0.029) and residual disease after surgery (P = 0.005). Preoperative findings of adnexal mass with serum p53 AAb are strongly suggestive of an aggressive invasive ovarian cancer.
Bandwidth Management for Supporting Differentiated Service Aware Traffic Engineering (2007)

This paper presents a bandwidth management framework for the support of differentiated-service-aware traffic engineering (DS-TE) in multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) networks. Our bandwidth management framework contains both bandwidth allocation and preemption mechanisms in which the link bandwidth is managed in two dimensions: class type (CT) and preemption priority. We put forward a Max-Min bandwidth constraint model in which we propose a novel "use it or lend it" strategy. The new model is able to guarantee a minimum bandwidth for each CT without causing resource fragmentation. Furthermore, we design three new bandwidth preemption algorithms for three bandwidth constraint models, respectively. An extensive simulation study is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the bandwidth constraint models and preemption algorithms. When compared with the existing constraint models and preemption rules, the proposed Max-Min constraint model and preemption algorithms improve not only bandwidth efficiency, but also robustness and fairness. They achieve significant performance improvement for the well-behaving traffic classes in terms of bandwidth utilization and bandwidth blocking and preemption probability. We also provide guidelines for selecting different DS-TE bandwidth management mechanisms.
Bone‐ligament interaction in patellar tendon reconstruction of the ACL (1993)

The bone-ligament junction is one of the most complex biological tissues. Its key function is distribution of mechanical loads applied to the ligament in such a way as to diminish the concentration of stresses or shearing at the interface. This paper reports an experimental assessment of the extent to which a nearly normal junction is formed following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with patellar tendon in 20 New Zealand white rabbits sacrificed after 2-38 weeks. A histological comparison was also made with cadaver ACLs. After 5 weeks the new ligament was still separate from the tunnel wall, inflammation was no longer present, and there was no junction tissue. A thin fibrocartilage layer was observed between the bone and the ligament after 12 weeks and was thicker 6 weeks later. After 28 weeks, there was a substantial layer of fibrocartilage. The new junction was virtually "physiological" by the 38th week, with all four layers present. Many fibrocartilaginous cells were also visible between the collagen fibres. The bone-ligament insertion was almost normal. These findings indicate that tendon reconstruction results in the formation of a structure very similar to a physiological junction, and thus ensures better load distribution over a greater ligament insertion area.
Particle conservation in the hot‐carrier solar cell (2005)

Abstract In conventional p – n junction solar cells, carrier multiplication by impact ionisation, is negligible, owing to the low temperature of the electron–hole pairs. This leads to particle conservation between the net number of absorbed photons and the number of electron–hole pairs withdrawn from the cell. In hot‐carrier solar cells, in which electrons are at a high temperature by assuming suppression of electron–phonon scattering, such particle conservation leads to peculiar results. Numerical calculations show that entire current–voltage characteristics with meaningful values of temperature and chemical potential do not exist. If the energy at which electron–hole pairs are extracted is smaller than the average energy of absorbed photons, the temperature of the electrons and holes becomes much larger than the tem perature of the sun. When the extraction energy is larger than the average energy of the absorbed photons, an entire current–voltage curve cannot always be obtained. It follows that impact ionisation and Auger recombination cannot be neglected when the thermal energy of the electron–hole pairs is comparable to the bandgap of the absorber. Accounting for these processes results in current–voltage characteristics that are well behaved. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moisture determination in composite materials using positron lifetime techniques (1980)

A technique was developed which has the potential of providing information on the moisture content as well as its depth in the specimen. This technique was based on the dependence of positron lifetime on the moisture content of the composite specimen. The positron lifetime technique of moisture determination and the results of the initial studies are described.
Challenges and Complications of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Based Long-Acting Drug Product Development (2022)

Poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the preferred polymeric inactive ingredients for long-acting parenteral drug products that are constituted of complex formulations. Despite over 30 years of use, there are still many challenges faced by researchers in formulation-related aspects pertaining to drug loading and release. Until now, PLGA-based complex generic drug products have not been successfully developed. The complexity in developing these generic drug products is not just due to their complex formulation, but also to the manufacturing process of the listed reference drugs that involve PLGA. The composition and product attributes of commercial PLGA formulations vary with the drugs and their intended applications. The lack of standard compendial methods for in vitro release studies hinders generic pharmaceutical companies in their efforts to develop PLGA-based complex generic drug products. In this review, we discuss the challenges faced in developing PLGA-based long-acting injectable/implantable (LAI) drug products; hurdles that are associated with drug loading and release that are dictated by the physicochemical properties of PLGA and product manufacturing processes. Approaches to overcome these challenges and hurdles are highlighted specifically with respect to drug encapsulation and release.
Treating brain disorders with neuromodulation (2015)

Nanoparticles, magnetic fields, and heat-sensitive ion channels are harnessed to manipulate brain activity [Also see Research Article by Chen et al. ]
Joint transform optical correlation applied to sub-pixel image registration (2005)

The binary joint transform correlator (BJTC) can provide sub-pixel correlation location accuracy for a pair of almost identical inputs, as is the case when computing the registration offset between two overlapping images from the same sensor. Applications include noise cancellation, motion compensation, super-resolution processing, and image splicing. We experimentally demonstrated sub-pixel registration and image co-addition. Our results show a resolution improves by a factor of almost two compared to normal integration. This paper details early results in an ongoing project.
Production of Extracellular Polysaccharide by <i>Zoogloea ramigera</i> (1982)

In batch cultures of Zoogloea ramigera the maximum rate of exopolysaccharide synthesis occurred in a partly growth-linked process. The exopolysaccharide was attached to the cells as a capsule. The capsules were released from the cell walls after 150 h of cultivation, which caused the fermentation broth to be highly viscous. Ultrasonication could be used to release capsular polysaccharide from the microbial cell walls. Treatment performed after 48 to 66 h of cultivation revealed exopolysaccharide concentration and apparent viscosity values in accordance with values of untreated samples withdrawn after 161 h of cultivation. The yield coefficient of exopolysaccharide on the basis of consumed glucose was in the range of 55 to 60% for batch cultivations with an initial glucose concentration of 25 g liter. An exopolysaccharide concentration of up to 38 g liter could be attained if glucose, nitrogen, and growth factors were fed into the batch culture. The oxygen consumption rate in batch fermentations reached 25 mmol of O(2) liter h during the exopolysaccharide synthesis phase and then decreased to values below 5 mmol of O(2) liter h during the release phase. The fermentation broth showed pseudoplastic flow behavior, and the polysaccharide was not degraded when growth had ceased.
A preemption-based runtime to efficiently schedule multi-process applications on heterogeneous clusters with GPUs (2013)

In the last few years, thanks to their computational power, their progressively increasing programmability and their wide adoption in both the research community and in industry, GPUs have become part of HPC clusters (for example, the US Titan and Stampede and the Chinese Tianhe-1A supercomputers). As a result, widely used open-source cluster resource managers (e.g. SLURM and TORQUE) have recently been extended with GPU support capabilities. These systems, however, provide simple scheduling mechanisms that often result in resource underutilization and, thereby, in suboptimal performance. In this paper, we propose a runtime system that can be integrated with existing cluster resource managers to enable a more efficient use of heterogeneous clusters with GPUs. Differently from previous work, we focus on multi-process GPU applications including synchronization (for example, hybrid MPI-CUDA applications). We discuss the limitations and inefficiencies of existing scheduling and resource sharing schemes in the presence of synchronization. We show that preemption is an effective mechanism to allow efficient scheduling of hybrid MPI-CUDA applications. We validate our runtime on a variety of benchmark programs with different computation and communication patterns.
Preliminary Characterization of Cell-free K99 Antigen Isolated from Escherichia coli B41 (1977)

The K99 antigen of Escherichia coli B41 was isolated by isoelectric precipitation from heated bacterial suspensions. Chromatography and immunoabsorption experiments suggested that the mannose-resistant haemagglutinating activity of partially purified preparations of antigen was K99. The antigen was partially susceptible to bacterial proteases and was inactivated by periodate oxidation. Haemagglutination inhibition experiments with sugars and absorption of K99 with antisera to human blood groups A and B substances suggested that K99 contains a terminal alpha-linked N-acetylgalactosamine moiety, which is involved in the haemagglutination reaction, and an adjacent terminal alpha-linked galactose moiety, which plays no part in the reaction.
Randomized clinical trial of sacral <i>versus</i> percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in patients with faecal incontinence (2015)

In the short term, both SNS and PTNS provide some clinical benefit to patients with FI. Registration numbers: 2010-018728-15 and 10479 (http://public.ukcrn.org.uk/search/StudyDetail.aspx?StudyID=10479).
A semiautomatic method to tie well logs to seismic data (2014)

ABSTRACT We evaluated a semiautomatic method for well-to-seismic tying to improve correlation results and reproducibility of the procedure. In the manual procedure, the interpreter first creates a synthetic trace from edited well logs, determines the most appropriate bulk time shift and polarity, and then applies a minimum amount of stretching and squeezing to best match the observed data. The last step resembles a visual pattern recognition task, which often requires some experience. We replaced the last step with a constrained dynamic time-warping technique, to help guide the interpreter. The method automatically determined the appropriate amount of local stretching and squeezing to produce the highest correlation between the original data and the created synthetic trace. The constraint ensured that stretching and squeezing were kept within reasonable bounds, as determined by the interpreter. Results compared well with the manual method, leading to ties along the entire trace length in contrast to the shorter analysis window in the conventional method. Yet, we advise against unsupervised applications because the method is intended as a guide instead of a fully automated blind approach.
Applying the DCMP adaptive array to the OFDM‐CDMA systems (2001)

Abstract It is known that DS/CDMA has extremely good interference suppression characteristics. However, due to the correlation of the spreading code, interference occurs and the communication quality is degraded. In order to resolve this problem, various systems have been proposed that suppress interference by means of adaptive arrays. In this paper, we propose a system for operating a DCMP adaptive array based on estimation of the array propagation vector of the desired signals in the OFDM‐CDMA communication system by the ESPRIT algorithm. In this application, correlation between the arriving waves is suppressed by adaptive spatial smoothing using the frequency characteristics of the OFDM signals. In order to determine the effectiveness of the proposed system, a computer simulation is used for analysis of the fundamental characteristics and the nature of the mutual coupling between elements. It is found that the system works well as a DCMP adaptive array and that separated reception of correlated multiple waves is possible. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(11): 44–53, 2001
Influence of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Adrenergic Inhibition on Adenosine-Induced Myocardial Hyperemia (2001)

Inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis attenuates myocardial perfusion during adenosine-induced hyperemia, indicating that coronary vasodilation by adenosine is partly endothelium dependent. alpha-Adrenergic blockade has no effect on adenosine-induced hyperemia unless NO synthesis is inhibited.
Arthritis susceptibility and the gut microbiome (2014)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology though both genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to be involved in its pathogenesis. While infections and other environmental factors (e.g. smoking) have been studied extensively and show some association, a direct link between all the factors has been difficult to prove. With the recent advances in technology, it has become possible to sequence the commensals that are residing in our gut. The gut microbiome may provide the missing link to this puzzle and help solve the mystery of many leaky gut syndromes. The gut commensals are involved in maintaining host immune homeostasis and function suggesting that they might be critical in altering the immune system, which leads to autoimmune diseases like RA. Mouse models support the role of the gut microbiota in predisposition to RA. If that is true, the power of gut-derived commensal can be harnessed to our benefit by generating a biomarker profile along with genetic factors to define individuals at risk and by altering the gut microbial composition using various means.
Extended Interval Arithmetic in IEEE Floating-Point Environment (1994)

This paper describes an implementation of a general interval arithmetic extension, which comprises the following extensions of the conventional interval arithmetic: (1) extension of the set of normal intervals by improper intervals; (2) extension of the set of arithmetic operations for normal intervals by nonstandard operations; (3) extension by infinite intervals. We give a possible realization scheme of such an universal interval arithmetic in any programming environment supporting IEEE floating-point arithmetic. A PASCAL–XSC module is reported which allows easy programming of numerical algorithms formulated in terms of conventional interval arithmetic or of any of the enlisted extended interval spaces, and provides a common base for comparison of such numerical algorithms. Расширенная интервальная арифметика в среде стандарта IEEE для чисел с плавающей точкой Е. Д. Попова Описывается реализация расширения интервальной арифметики, которое включает в себя: (1) дополнение множества обычных интервалов несобственными интервалами; (2) дополнение множества арифметических операций нестандартными операциями; (3) введение бесконечных интервалов. Представлена схема реализации такой универсальной интервальной
Acomprehensive compact SCR model for CDM ESD circuit simulation (2008)

We have presented a comprehensive SCR compact model for CDM simulation. The work illustrated the useful and effective macromodeling approach of integrating the various industry standard models to describe the different devices imbedded in the SCR and treating the CDM-relevant operation states. In additional to the prediction of TLP results, the presented model demonstrates the effectiveness in analyzing CDM response of the I/O circuits and successfully explains why the input pins have lower CDM robustness than the output pins.