gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Limits on super-resolution and how to break them (2002)

We analyze the super-resolution reconstruction constraints. In particular we derive a sequence of results which all show that the constraints provide far less useful information as the magnification factor increases. It is well established that the use of a smoothness prior may help somewhat, however for large enough magnification factors any smoothness prior leads to overly smooth results. We therefore propose an algorithm that learns recognition-based priors for specific classes of scenes, the use of which gives far better super-resolution results for both faces and text.
The Psychopathology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder (2005)

In this chapter we review research on the diagnosis, course, etiology, and pharmacological and psychosocial treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). BD is a highly recurrent and severe illness, with high rates of suicidality and functional impairment. The disorder is heritable and appears to share susceptibility genes with schizophrenia. It is characterized by dysregulation in the dopamine and serotonin systems and by pathology in the brain systems involved in regulating emotion. Psychosocial stressors, notably life events and familial expressed emotion, significantly influence the course of the illness in the context of these vulnerabilities. Findings of randomized clinical trials indicate that psychosocial interventions enhance long-term outcomes when added to pharmacotherapy. Much remains to be clarified about the interactive contributions of genetic, neurobiological, and psychosocial factors to the course of the disorder, and the moderators and mediators of treatment effects.
Analysis of the Relationship between Cellular Thymidine Kinase Activity and Virulence of Thymidine Kinase‐Negative Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 (1995)

The virulence of thymidine kinase-negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1; VRTK- strain) and type 2 (HSV-2; UWTK- strain) was studied in comparison with that of their parental strains (VR-3 and UW-268, respectively) in an encephalitis model of adult (4-week-old) and newborn (3-day-old) mice. Viral thymidine kinase (TK) activity was essential for the maximum expression of virulence of HSV-1, because the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of VRTK- was 60 times higher than that of VR-3 in the brains of newborn mice expressing high levels of cellular TK activity. However, the UWTK- strain showed that replication of the UWTK- strain was completely supported by cellular TK activity. This difference in the role of viral and cellular TKs for virus growth between HSV-1 and HSV-2 was¿ confirmed with the one-step growth of virus strains in L-M and L-M(TK-) cells.
Lithium-ion batteries life estimation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2009)

This paper deals with life estimation of lithium batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). An aging model, based on the concept of accumulated charge throughput, has been developed to estimate battery life under ldquoreal worldrdquo driving cycles (custom driving cycles based on driving statistics). The objective is to determine the ldquodamagerdquo on the life related to each driving pattern to determine equivalent miles/years. Results indicates that Lithium-ion batteries appear to be 10 year/150,000 mile capable, provided that they are not overcharged, nor consistently operated at high temperatures, nor in charge sustaining mode at a very low state of charge.
Social Barriers Faced by Newcomers Placing Their First Contribution in Open Source Software Projects (2015)

Newcomers' seamless onboarding is important for online communities that depend upon leveraging the contribution of outsiders. Previous studies investigated aspects of the joining process and motivation in open collaboration communities, but few have focused on identifying and understanding the critical barriers newcomers face when placing their first contribution, a period that frequently leads to dropout. This is important for Open Source Software (OSS) projects, which receive contributions from many one-time contributors. Focusing on OSS, our study qualitatively analyzed social barriers that hindered newcomers' first contributions. We defined a conceptual model composed of 58 barriers including 13 social barriers. The barriers were identified from a qualitative data analysis considering different sources: a systematic literature review; open question responses gathered from OSS projects' contributors; students contributing to OSS projects; and semi-structured interviews with 36 developers from 14 different projects. This paper focuses on social barriers and its contributions include gathering empirical evidence of the barriers faced by newcomers, organizing and better understanding these barriers, surveying the literature from the perspective of the barriers, and identifying new potential research streams.
Calcium Supplementation in Salt-Dependent Hypertension (2015)

To clarify the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of oral Ca loading, we studied the effect of Ca supplementation on salt-induced blood pressure elevations in patients with essential hypertension and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. When the diet was changed from low to high salt (300 mEq/day), the percent increase in mean blood pressure was smaller (p less than 0.01) in the Ca-supplemented (2,160 mg/day) patients than in the Ca-restricted (250 mg/day) ones. Oral Ca loading resulted in a smaller weight gain, a greater urinary sodium excretion, and an increase in red cell Mg. In the experimental study, high Ca (4% CaCl2) intake attenuated the blood pressure elevation in DOCA-salt-treated rats, accompanied with an increase in urinary sodium excretion, with the resultant attenuation in intra- and extracellular sodium retention. The decrease in catecholamine contents of hearts was improved, and a higher survival rate was observed in Ca-supplemented DOCA-salt rats. The results suggest that Ca supplementation may prevent a rise in BP in salt-dependent hypertension by inducing natriuresis with the resultant attenuation in sodium retention. The altered intracellular Mg level in hypertensive patients and the normalization of enhanced sympathetic nervous activity in DOCA-salt rats may, in part, be involved in its mechanism.
NMR‐based metabonomic approaches for evaluating physiological influences on biofluid composition (2004)

Strategies such as genomics, proteomics and metabonomics are being applied with increasing frequency in the pharmaceutical industry. For each of these approaches, toxicological response can be measured by terms of deviation from control or baseline status. However, in order to accurately define drug-induced response, it is necessary to characterize the normal degree of physiological variation in the absence of stimuli. Here, 1H NMR spectroscopic-based analyses of the metabolic composition of urine in experimental animals under various normal physiological conditions are reviewed. In particular, the effects of inter-animal and diurnal variation, gender, age, diet, species, strain, hormonal status and stress on the biochemical composition of urine are explored. Pattern recognition methods facilitate the comparison of urine NMR spectra over a given time-course, enabling the establishment of changes in profile and highlighting the dynamic metabolic status of an organism. Thus metabonomic approaches based on information-rich spectroscopic data sets can be used to evaluate normal physiological variation and for investigation of drug safety issues.
Differential Response of Ventral Midbrain and Striatal Progenitor Cells to Lesions of the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Projection (2000)

In response to injury, progenitor cells in the adult brain can proliferate and generate new neurons and/or glia, which may then participate in injury-induced compensatory processes. In this study, we explore the ability of young adult mice to generate new cells in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) lesions, which selectively kill nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Using the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), we labeled dividing cells 3, 10, and 15 days after MPTP lesion. A robust proliferative response was seen specifically in the substantia nigra (SN) and the dorsal striatum 3 days postlesion; the response persisted 10-14 days. To explore the fate of proliferative cells, we administered BrdU 3 days postlesion and examined the phenotype of BrdU(+) cells at various times thereafter, using double immunolabeling. In the striatum, nearly all newly-generated cells rapidly differentiated into GFAP(+) astrocytes that participated in the injury-induced glial reaction. In the SN, however, reactive astroglia were not BrdU(+). Some midbrain cells co-immunostained for BrdU and Mac-1, a microglial marker. However, most BrdU(+) cells in the SN failed to express markers for microglia, astroglia, oligodendroglia, or neurons, suggesting that they may remain as uncommitted progenitors. Thus, progenitors in the vicinity of the degenerating dopaminergic cell bodies respond differently to lesion than progenitors in the vicinity of the degenerating axon terminal. Although the putative midbrain progenitors appear uncommitted 22 days after their birth, it is possible that they may adopt neural or glial fates if allowed to survive longer, or if exposed to exogenous factors.
An Array-Based Method To Identify Multivalent Inhibitors (2010)

Carbohydrate-protein interactions play a critical role in a variety of biological processes, and agonists/antagonists of these interactions are useful as biological probes and therapeutic agents. Most carbohydrate-binding proteins achieve tight binding through formation of a multivalent complex. Therefore, both ligand structure and presentation contribute to recognition. Since there are many potential combinations of structure, spacing, and orientation to consider and the optimal one cannot be predicted, high-throughput approaches for analyzing carbohydrate-protein interactions and designing inhibitors are appealing. In this report, we develop a strategy to vary neoglycoprotein density on a surface of a glycan array. This feature of presentation was combined with variations in glycan structure and glycan density to produce an array with approximately 600 combinations of glycan structure and presentation. The unique array platform allows one to distinguish between different types of multivalent complexes on the array surface. To illustrate the advantages of this format, it was used to rapidly identify multivalent probes for various lectins. The new array was first tested with several plant lectins, including concanavalin A (conA), Vicia villosa isolectin B4 (VVL-B(4)), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120). Next, it was used to rapidly identify potent multivalent inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin I (PA-IL), a key protein involved in opportunistic infections of P. aeruginosa , and mouse macrophage galactose-type lectin (mMGL-2), a protein expressed on antigen presenting cells that may be useful as a vaccine targeting receptor. An advantage of the approach is that structural information about the lectin/receptor is not required to obtain a multivalent inhibitor/probe.
The granulomatous response in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni does not switch to Th1 in IL-4-deficient C57BL/6 mice (1996)

IL-4 plays an important role in polarizing inflammation toward a Th2 response. It remains uncertain, however, whether IL-4 also serves to prevent expression of Th1 inflammation. Therefore, using a genetically pure C57BL/6 IL-4-deficient mouse, we studied the role of IL-4 in regulating the production of IFN-gamma and Th1 inflammation in the granulomas of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. In contrast to normal animals, IL-4 mutant mice generated smaller liver granulomas that contained fewer eosinophils and no mast cells. Collagenase-dispersed granuloma cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and cultured in vitro to measure cytokine and Ig production. Compared with control granuloma cells, IL-4-/- cells secreted only small quantities of IL-5 and IL-10. Also, there was impaired expression of the IL-4-dependent molecules IgE and IgG1 as well as B cell surface class II and CD23. Yet the granulomas of IL-4 -/- animals produced little IFN-gamma, IgG2a, or other molecules associated with Th1 inflammation even after Ag or anti-CD3 stimulation. Splenocytes from IL-4 -/- animals stimulated with schistosome Ag also failed to produce a Th1 response. Our data show that most aspects of the Th2 response in murine schistosomiasis are highly dependent on IL-4 production. But in the absence of IL-4, neither the natural local granulomatous response to schistosome ova nor the systemic response to soluble egg Ag switches to the type 1 phenotype. Thus the production of IL-4 early in the inflammatory response is not the only factor preventing Th1 expression in inflammation.
A Binaphthyl-Bithiophene Copolymer for Light-Emitting Devices (2002)

We report the properties of a binaphthyl–bithiophene copolymer (PHBNT2) used either as an emitter or as a hole transporter in light-emitting diodes. The polymer has a well-defined conjugation length between two binaphthyl units that is independent of its polymer chain length. It is easily soluble in common organic solvents and can form high quality thin films by a spin coating technique. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the PHBNT2 were –5.42 and –2.50 eV respectively, as determined by cyclic voltammetry. A single layer device of ITO/PHBNT2/Al using PHBNT2 as an emitter, had a turn-on voltage of 5.7 V and had an orange emission peak at 568 nm. The luminous efficiency for a double-layer device of ITO/PHBNT2/Alq3/Al using PHBNT2 as the hole transporting layer is 0.57 lm·W–1.
Adipogenic capacity and the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (2008)

To determine whether adipocyte storage capacity influences the onset and severity of type 2 diabetes and other components of the metabolic syndrome, we made normal and db/db mice resistant to obesity by overexpressing leptin receptor-b on the aP2-Lepr-b promoter. On a 4% diet, these mice have no phenotype, but on a 60% fat diet, they resist diet-induced obesity because constitutive adipocyte-specific overexpression of Lepr-b prevents obesity via the antilipogenic autocrine/paracrine action of leptin on adipocytes. After 8 months on the same 60% fat diet, body fat of transgenic mice was 70% below WT controls. Cardiac and liver fat was elevated in the transgenics, and their hyperinsulinemia was more marked, suggesting greater insulin resistance. The aP2-Lepr-b transgene also prevented obesity in db/db mice; at 10 weeks of age their body fat was half that of the db/db mice. This lack of obesity was attributable to reduced expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and its target lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue and a 6-fold increase in Pref-1 mRNA. Severe diabetes was present in transgenics at 4 weeks of age, 10 weeks before db/db controls. Echocardiographic evidence of cardiomyopathy appeared at 10 weeks, weeks before the db/db mice. Histologically, loss of beta cells and myocardial fibrosis was present in the transgenic group at least 6 weeks before the db/db mice. These results suggest that the expression level of genes that regulate the adipogenic response to overnutrition profoundly influences the age of onset and severity of diet-induced type 2 diabetes and co-morbidities.
Ontology boosted deep learning for disease name extraction from Twitter messages (2018)

This paper presents an ontology based deep learning approach for extracting disease names from Twitter messages. The approach relies on simple features obtained via conceptual representations of messages to obtain results that out-perform those from word level models. The significance of this development is that it can potentially reduce the cost of generating named entity recognition models by reducing the cost of annotating training data since ontology creation is a one-time cost as the conceptual level the ontology is meant to be fairly static and reusable. This is of great importance when it comes to social media text like Twitter messages where you have a large, unbounded lexicon with spatial and temporal variations and other inherent biases that make it logistically untenable to annotate a representative amount of text for general purpose models for live applications.
Super-Resolution in Plenoptic Cameras by the Integration of Depth from Focus and Stereo (2010)

NA
Robotic pool: an experiment in automatic potting (2005)

A robotic system is presented which automatically pots (i.e., sinks) pool balls. A homography is estimated that relates the gantry robot coordinate frame to the overhead (global) camera coordinate frame. This homography is computed by first calculating the mapping between the camera frame and a projection of the robot frame, and then solving the pool table plane equation in the robot frame. A measurement technique has been developed which is based upon a local camera attached to the robot end effector. This local camera allows the robot to be positioned accurately over circular targets placed on the table. The homography and table plane equation are then estimated by establishing correspondences between at least 4 measured target positions in the global camera and robot frames. The resulting homography allows the gantry to be positioned to within an average of 0.6 mm of a global camera frame position over the extent of a full sized pool table. The system has been used to pot a ball with 67% accuracy over the extent of the table, with a high repeatability.
Channel sharing by rate-adaptive streaming applications (2003)

There are various techniques for adapting the transmission rate of an application while maintaining the perceived quality at the receiver at acceptable levels. Shared channel systems can use this rate adaptation capability to increase the number of concurrent applications in the system. This can be achieved by appropriately modifying the rate of the already running applications when a new connection arrives in the system. We present an analytical model for a class of algorithms for channel sharing by rate adaptive applications. We provide means for calculating performance measures related to the quality of reception of an application. We also present the design of algorithms that ensure fair channel sharing while keeping the application performance within acceptable levels.
Asthma and Food Allergy in Children: Is There a Connection or Interaction? (2016)

This review explores the relationship between food allergy and asthma. They can share the same risk factors, such as parental allergy, atopic eczema, and allergen sensitization, and they often coincide in the same child. Coexistence may negatively influence the severity of both conditions. However, it remains to be determined whether food allergy may directly affect asthma control. An early food sensitization in the first year of life can predict the onset of asthma. Furthermore, asthmatic symptoms could rarely be caused by ingestion or inhalation of the offending food. Asthma caused by food allergy is severe and may be associated with anaphylactic symptoms. Therefore, an accurate identification of the offending foods is necessary in order to avoid exposure. Patients should be instructed to treat asthmatic symptoms quickly and to use self-injectable epinephrine.
A Novel Preprocessing Method Based on Variational Mode Decomposition for Reservoir Characterization Using Support Vector Regression (2019)

This article proposes a variational mode decomposition (VMD)-based preprocessing scheme to regularize a target porosity signal to improve its prediction from seismic attributes. A workflow consisting of preprocessing, prediction, and postprocessing stages is designed to implement the proposed scheme on a real hydrocarbon field dataset. In the preprocessing stage, the original porosity signal is decomposed into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The regularized porosity signal is constructed from the decomposed IMFs by removing some of the higher frequency modes. Three alternate methods-empirical mode decomposition, complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and VMD-are used for decomposition to identify the best regularization technique. In each case, normalized mutual information and entropy are used to regulate the filtering. Then, mapping of the porosity signal and seismic data is carried out by support vector regression (SVR). Four metrics-correlation coefficient, root-mean-square error, absolute error mean, and scatter index-are used to quantify the performance of SVR while using original and regularized porosity signals as targets separately. The tuned SVR parameters are then used to predict synthetic porosity logs over the study area from seismic volumes. Finally, the predicted porosity volume is postprocessed using an improved complex adaptive diffusion filter. The performance of the SVR is also compared with an artificial neural network. This framework can be used to predict different lithological properties from seismic attributes and visualize them over a reservoir area.
Effect of N-α Substitution on the Electropolymerization of N-Substituted Pyrroles: Structure–Reactivity Relationship Studies (2014)

Structure–reactivity relationship (SRR) studies to understand the effect of N-α substitution toward electroactive poly(pyrrole) film formation have carefully been performed. To conduct these SRR studies, a selected chemical library of 21 different N-substituted pyrrole derivatives has been developed using the key well-known Clauson–Kass synthetic reaction from corresponding amine precursors. While investigating electropolymerization features of these novel N-substituted pyrroles, we observed that the steric factor due to α-substitution, one among other factors, plays the most significant role in preventing electropolymerization of these oxidizable chemical species. Interestingly, even a sterically small chemical group like a CH3 one present at α-position is large enough to prevent monomer electropolymerization. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to analyze the polymerization of substituted pyrrole molecules and to understand the effect of N-substituents on electropolymerization toward the formation of functional conductive film. This systematic study paves the way to effectively design the right N-substitution for the obtainment of corresponding modified functional electrodes for further related applications.
International Sentiment Analysis for News and Blogs (2021)

There is a growing interest in mining opinions using sentiment analysis methods from sources such as news, blogs and product reviews. Most of these methods have been developed for English and are difficult to generalize to other languages. We explore an approach utilizing state-of-the-art machine translation technology and perform sentiment analysis on the English translation of a foreign language text. Our experiments indicate that (a) entity sentiment scores obtained by our method are statistically significantly correlated across nine languages of news sources and five languages of a parallel corpus; (b) the quality of our sentiment analysis method is largely translator independent; (c) after applying certain normalization techniques, our entity sentiment scores can be used to perform meaningful cross-cultural comparisons.
CAD System for Human-Centered Design (2006)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
P.E.P. (1980)

The design and construction of the PEP project is briefly reviewed. The initial testing of the storage ring system and its present performance is described. The short-range plans for continuing development are discussed.