gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
εpsolute: Efficiently Querying Databases While Providing Differential Privacy (2021)

As organizations struggle with processing vast amounts of information, outsourcing sensitive data to third parties becomes a necessity. To protect the data, various cryptographic techniques are used in outsourced database systems to ensure data privacy, while allowing efficient querying. A rich collection of attacks on such systems has emerged. Even with strong cryptography, just communication volume or access pattern is enough for an adversary to succeed.
Study of Multichannel Amplification in Erbium-Doped Zirconia-Yttria- Alumino-Silicate Fiber (2011)

We report signal amplification and output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for simultaneous four-channel amplification at C-band in the new type of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) having core glass compositions of zirconia-yttria-alumino-phospho-silicate (EDF-I). Performance of EDF-I is compared with two mostly used EDFs having core glass compositions of alumino-silicate (EDF-II) and germino-alumino-silicate (EDF-III). EDF-I produces the best result of maximum gain difference <; 2 dB with output SNR of >; 22 dB at input signal level of -30 dB·m/channel amplification.
Capacitive Proximity Sensor Has Longer Range (1992)

Capacitive proximity sensor on robot arm detects nearby object via capacitive effect of object on frequency of oscillator. Sensing element part of oscillator circuit operating at about 20 kHz. Total capacitance between sensing element and ground constitutes tuning capacitance of oscillator. Sensor circuit includes shield driven by replica of alternating voltage applied to sensing element. Driven shield concentrates sensing electrostatic field in exterior region to enhance sensitivity to object. Sensitivity and dynamic range has corresponding 12-to-1 improvement.
A Layered Architecture for Erasure-Coded Consistent Distributed Storage (2017)

Motivated by emerging applications to the edge computing paradigm, we introduce a two-layer erasure-coded fault-tolerant distributed storage system offering atomic access for read and write operations. In edge computing, clients interact with an edge-layer of servers that is geographically near; the edge-layer in turn interacts with a back-end layer of servers. The edge-layer provides low latency access and temporary storage for client operations, and uses the back-end layer for persistent storage. Our algorithm, termed Layered Data Storage (LDS) algorithm, offers several features suitable for edge-computing systems, works under asynchronous message-passing environments, supports multiple readers and writers, and can tolerate f1 < n1/2 and f2 < n2/3 crash failures in the two layers having n1 and n2 servers, respectively. We use a class of erasure codes known as regenerating codes for storage of data in the back-end layer. The choice of regenerating codes, instead of popular choices like Reed-Solomon codes, not only optimizes the cost of back-end storage, but also helps in optimizing communication cost of read operations, when the value needs to be recreated all the way from the back-end. The two-layer architecture permits a modular implementation of atomicity and erasure-code protocols; the implementation of erasure-codes is mostly limited to interaction between the two layers. We prove liveness and atomicity of LDS, and also compute performance costs associated with read and write operations. In a system with n1 = Θ(n2), f1 = Θ(n1), f2 = Θ(n2), the write and read costs are respectively given by Θ(n1) and Θ(1) + n1 I(δ > 0). Here δ is a parameter closely related to the number of write operations that are concurrent with the read operation, and I(δ > 0) is 1 if δ > 0, and 0 if δ = 0. The cost of persistent storage in the back-end layer is Θ(1). The impact of temporary storage is minimally felt in a multi-object system running N independent instances of LDS, where only a small fraction of the objects undergo concurrent accesses at any point during the execution. For the multi-object system, we identify a condition on the rate of concurrent writes in the system such that the overall storage cost is dominated by that of persistent storage in the back-end layer, and is given by Θ(N).
Placement stability metrics (2005)

To achieve timing closure, one often has to run through several iterations of physical synthesis flows, for which placement is a critical step. During these iterations, one hopes to consistently move towards design convergence. A placement algorithm that is "stable" will consistently drive towards similar solutions, even with changes in the input netlist and placement parameters. Indeed, the stability of the algorithm is arguably as important a characteristic as the wirelength it achieves. However, currently there is no way to actually quantify the stability of a placement algorithm. This work seeks to address the issue by proposing metrics that measure the stability of a placement algorithm. Our experimental results examine the stability of three different placement algorithms with our proposed metrics and convincingly illustrate that some algorithms are quantifiably more stable than others. We believe that this opens the door to applying different standards for evaluating placement algorithms in terms of their effectiveness for achieving timing closure.
Multimedia Cloud Computing (2011)

This article introduces the principal concepts of multimedia cloud computing and presents a novel framework. We address multimedia cloud computing from multimedia-aware cloud (media cloud) and cloud-aware multimedia (cloud media) perspectives. First, we present a multimedia-aware cloud, which addresses how a cloud can perform distributed multimedia processing and storage and provide quality of service (QoS) provisioning for multimedia services. To achieve a high QoS for multimedia services, we propose a media-edge cloud (MEC) architecture, in which storage, central processing unit (CPU), and graphics processing unit (GPU) clusters are presented at the edge to provide distributed parallel processing and QoS adaptation for various types of devices.
Mobility Assisted Secret Key Generation Using Wireless Link Signatures (2010)

We propose an approach where wireless devices, interested in establishing a secret key, sample the channel impulse response (CIR) space in a physical area to collect and combine uncorrelated CIR measurements to generate the secret key. We study the impact of mobility patterns in obtaining uncorrelated measurements. Using extensive measurements in both indoor and outdoor settings, we find that (i) when movement step size is larger than one foot the measured CIRs are mostly uncorrelated, and (ii) more diffusion in the mobility results in less correlation in the measured CIRs. We develop efficient mechanisms to encode CIRs and reconcile the differences in the bits extracted between the two devices. Our results show that our scheme generates very high entropy secret bits and that too at a high bit rate. The secret bits, that we generate using our approach, also pass the 8 randomness tests of the NIST test suite.
A reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output communication system (2008)

We present a theoretical analysis on the gains offered by a reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system using orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) and reconfigurable antennas at the receiver only. The proposed system using reconfigurable antennas selects the optimal radiation state of the receive antennas in which the receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is maximized. The theoretical findings show that under certain channel propagation conditions and using an appropriate codification and power allocation of the transmitted signal, the diversity order of the proposed reconfigurable MIMO system is given by the product of transmit and receive antennas as well as the number of reconfigurable radiation states of the receive antennas. The impact of correlated radiation states and imperfect channel estimation are also considered. The geometrical and physical constraints of reconfigurable antennas are also taken into account through the concept of antenna group. Assuming an ideally scattered non-line-of-sight (NLOS) flat Rayleigh channel, the antenna design criteria is given. Finally, we evaluate the theoretical findings through simulations on the array gain, bit error rate and ergodic capacity, where the detrimental impact of channel estimation is observed.
Flow cytometric time-resolved measurements by frequency heterodyning of fluorescence emission signals (2001)

A first generation phase-sensitive flow cytometer has been developed that combines flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy measurement principles to provide unique capabilities for making time-resolved fluorescence measurements in the frequency-domain or particles/cells labeled with fluorescent probes. Cells are analyzed as they flow through a chamber and intersect a high-frequency, intensity-modulated (sine-wave) laser excitation beam. Fluorescence emission signals are currently processed by analog homodyne methods to quantify lifetimes and resolve heterogeneous fluorescence based on differences in lifetimes expressed as phase shifts, while maintaining the capability to make conventional FCM measurements. in this study we report the current status of our phase flow cytometer using homodyne signal processing, including recent applications, along with the description of a flow cytometric method for quantifying fluorescence lifetimes by frequency heterodyning techniques. Lifetimes are determined from homodyned and heterodyned (1 MHz difference frequency) signals using analog signal processing electronics. These signals are then digitized and displayed as frequency distribution histograms in real time.
Derivation of a Three Biomarker Panel to Improve Diagnosis in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2017)

Median time from injury was 5.9 h (IQR, 4.0; range 0.8-24 h). mTBI patients had elevated NSE, but decreased MT3 versus controls (<i>p</i> < 0.01 for each). NRGN was also elevated but within 2-6 h after injury. In the derivation set, the best model to distinguish mTBI from healthy controls used three markers, age, and sex as covariates (C-statistic = 0.91, sensitivity 98%, specificity 72%). Panel test accuracy was validated with the 155 remaining ACRM+ mTBI patients. Applying the RF model to the ACRM+ mTBI validation set resulted in 78% correctly classified as mTBI (119/153). CT positive and CT negative validation subsets were 91% and 75% correctly classified. In samples taken <2 h from injury, 100% (10/10) samples classified correctly, indicating that hyperacute testing is possible with these biomarker assays. The model accuracy varied from 72-100% overall, and had greater accuracy with increasing severity, as shown by comparing CT+ with CT- (91% versus 75%), and Injury Severity Score ≥16 versus <16 (88% versus 72%, respectively). Objective blood tests, detecting NRGN, NSE, and MT3, can be used to identify mTBI, irrespective of neuroimaging findings.
A Volumetric Approach to Point Cloud Compression–Part II: Geometry Compression (2019)

Compression of point clouds has so far been confined to coding the positions of a discrete set of points in space and the attributes of those discrete points. We introduce an alternative approach based on volumetric functions, which are functions defined not just on a finite set of points, but throughout space. As in regression analysis, volumetric functions are continuous functions that are able to interpolate values on a finite set of points as linear combinations of continuous basis functions. Using a B-spline wavelet basis, we are able to code volumetric functions representing both geometry and attributes. Attribute compression is addressed in Part I of this paper, while geometry compression is addressed in Part II. Geometry is represented implicitly as the level set of a volumetric function (the signed distance function or similar). Experimental results show that geometry compression using volumetric functions improves over the methods used in the emerging MPEG Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) standard.
A Drinking Water Sensor for Lead and Other Heavy Metals (2017)

Leakage of lead and other heavy metals into drinking water is a significant health risk and one that is not easily detected. We have developed simple sensors containing only platinum electrodes for the detection of heavy metal contamination in drinking water. The two-electrode sensor can identify the existence of a variety of heavy metals in drinking water, and the four-electrode sensor can distinguish lead from other heavy metals in solution. No false-positive response is generated when the sensors are placed in simulated and actual tap water contaminated by heavy metals. Lead detection on the four-electrode sensor is not affected by the presence of common ions in tap water. Experimental results suggest the sensors can be embedded in water service lines for long-time use until lead or other heavy metals are detected. With its low cost (∼$0.10/sensor) and the possibility of long-term operation, the sensors are ideal for heavy metal detection of drinking water.
On calculation of delay range in fault simulation for test cubes (2009)

This paper proposes a method to compute delay values in 3-valued fault simulation for test cubes which are test patterns with Xs. Because the detectable delay size of each fault by a test cube is fixed after assigning logic values to the Xs in the test cube, the proposed method computes a range of the delay values of the test patterns covered by the test cube. By using the proposed method, we can derive the lowest test quality and the highest test quality of test patterns covered by the test cube.
Abstract 18510: A Technology for Cardiac Regeneration Using Human iPS Cell-Derived Cardiac Tissue Including Multiple Cardiovascular Lineages (2016)

Introduction: To realize cardiac regeneration using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), efficient differentiation from hiPSCs to defined cardiovascular populations (cardiomyocytes [CMs]/...
3D printing spatially varying color and translucency (2018)

We present an efficient and scalable pipeline for fabricating full-colored objects with spatially-varying translucency from practical and accessible input data via multi-material 3D printing. Observing that the costs associated with BSSRDF measurement and processing are high, the range of 3D printable BSSRDFs are severely limited, and that the human visual system relies only on simple high-level cues to perceive translucency, we propose a method based on reproducing perceptual translucency cues. The input to our pipeline is an RGBA signal defined on the surface of an object, making our approach accessible and practical for designers. We propose a framework for extending standard color management and profiling to combined color and translucency management using a gamut correspondence strategy we call opaque relative processing. We present an efficient streaming method to compute voxel-level material arrangements, achieving both realistic reproduction of measured translucent materials and artistic effects involving multiple fully or partially transparent geometries.
Drug delivery systems. (1983)

Drug delivery systems have an important role to play in the administration of drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic agents. Systems based on biodegradable polymers can be especially advantageous for use as implants that provide a slow, steady release of a pharmacological agent. Materials include poly-a-hydroxy acids, polyanhydrides, and polyphosphazenes. The products of biotechnology in the form of peptides and proteins are challenging compounds that are difficult to deliver. Novel methods of delivery include polymeric microspheres and microcapsules. Polymers can be used to deliver antigens in order to obtain improved responses after injection. Nanoparticles based on polymeric materials can be employed to deliver drugs to specific target sites, especially via the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Natural polymers also have an important role in drug delivery, for example chitosan is of special interest for its ability to interact with mucosal surfaces and to provide a bioadhesive effect that will retain drugs at target sites.
Programmable DNA-Guided Artificial Restriction Enzymes (2017)

Restriction enzymes are essential tools for recombinant DNA technology that have revolutionized modern biological research. However, they have limited sequence specificity and availability. Here we report a Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo) based platform for generating artificial restriction enzymes (AREs) capable of recognizing and cleaving DNA sequences at virtually any arbitrary site and generating defined sticky ends of varying length. Short DNA guides are used to direct PfAgo to target sites for cleavage at high temperatures (>87 °C) followed by reannealing of the cleaved single stranded DNAs. We used this platform to generate over 18 AREs for DNA fingerprinting and molecular cloning of PCR-amplified or genomic DNAs. These AREs work as efficiently as their naturally occurring counterparts, and some of them even do not have any naturally occurring counterparts, demonstrating easy programmability, generality, versatility, and high efficiency for this new technology.
Cooperation-Aware Lane Change Maneuver in Dense Traffic based on Model Predictive Control with Recurrent Neural Network (2019)

This paper presents a real-time lane change control framework of autonomous driving in dense traffic, which exploits cooperative behaviors of other drivers. This paper focuses on heavy traffic where vehicles cannot change lanes without cooperating with other drivers. In this case, classical robust controls may not apply since there is no safe area to merge to without interacting with the other drivers. That said, modeling complex and interactive human behaviors is highly non-trivial from the perspective of control engineers. We propose a mathematical control framework based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) encompassing a state-of-the-art Recurrent Neural network (RNN) architecture. In particular, RNN predicts interactive motions of other drivers in response to potential actions of the autonomous vehicle, which are then systematically evaluated in safety constraints. We also propose a real-time heuristic algorithm to find locally optimal control inputs. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analysis on simulation studies are presented to illustrate the benefits of the proposed framework.
Efficient elimination of selectable marker genes from the plastid genome by the CRE‐<i>lox</i> site‐specific recombination system (2001)

Incorporation of a selectable marker gene during transformation is essential to obtain transformed plastids. However, once transformation is accomplished, having the marker gene becomes undesirable. Here we report on adapting the P1 bacteriophage CRE-lox site-specific recombination system for the elimination of marker genes from the plastid genome. The system was tested by the elimination of a negative selectable marker, codA, which is flanked by two directly oriented lox sites (>codA>). Highly efficient elimination of >codA> was triggered by introduction of a nuclear-encoded plastid-targeted CRE by Agrobacterium transformation or via pollen. Excision of >codA> in tissue culture cells was frequently accompanied by a large deletion of a plastid genome segment which includes the tRNA-ValUAC gene. However, the large deletions were absent when cre was introduced by pollination. Thus pollination is our preferred protocol for the introduction of cre. Removal of the >codA> coding region occurred at a dramatic speed, in striking contrast to the slow and gradual build-up of transgenic copies during plastid transformation. The nuclear cre gene could subsequently be removed by segregation in the seed progeny. The modified CRE-lox system described here will be a highly efficient tool to obtain marker-free transplastomic plants.
A class of QC-LDPC codes with low encoding complexity and good error performance (2010)

We propose a novel approximate lower triangular structure for the parity part of the parity-check matrix of QC-LDPC codes. About half of the non-zero elements in the parity part are set to locate on the upper diagonal while the remaining non-zero elements can be located almost anywhere within the lower triangular area, provided certain rules are observed. Compared with the typical dual-diagonal structure, the proposed structure requires very similar encoding complexity and produces lower error rates over an AWGN channel.
Mechanisms and Responses of a Single Dielectric Barrier Plasma Actuator: Plasma Morphology (2004)

We present simultaneous optical, electrical, and thrust measurements of an aerodynamic plasma actuator. These measurements indicate that the plasma actuator is a form of the dielectric barrier discharge, whose behavior is governed primarily by the buildup of charge on the dielectric-encapsulated electrode. Our measurements reveal the temporal and macroscale spatial structure of the plasma. Correlating the morphology of the plasma and the electrical characteristics of the discharge to the actuator performance as measured by the thrust produced indicates a direct coupling between the interelectrode electric field (strongly modified by the presence of the plasma) and the charges in the plasma. Our measurements discount bulk heating or asymmetries in the structure of the discharge as mechanisms for the production of bulk motion of the surrounding neutral air, although such asymmetries clearly exist and impact the effectiveness of the actuator.
Photorealistic Facial Texture Inference Using Deep Neural Networks (2016)

We present a data-driven inference method that can synthesize a photorealistic texture map of a complete 3D face model given a partial 2D view of a person in the wild. After an initial estimation of shape and low-frequency albedo, we compute a high-frequency partial texture map, without the shading component, of the visible face area. To extract the fine appearance details from this incomplete input, we introduce a multi-scale detail analysis technique based on mid-layer feature correlations extracted from a deep convolutional neural network. We demonstrate that fitting a convex combination of feature correlations from a high-resolution face database can yield a semantically plausible facial detail description of the entire face. A complete and photorealistic texture map can then be synthesized by iteratively optimizing for the reconstructed feature correlations. Using these high-resolution textures and a commercial rendering framework, we can produce high-fidelity 3D renderings that are visually comparable to those obtained with state-of-the-art multi-view face capture systems. We demonstrate successful face reconstructions from a wide range of low resolution input images, including those of historical figures. In addition to extensive evaluations, we validate the realism of our results using a crowdsourced user study.
PREPARATION FEMTOSECOND LASER PREVENTION FOR THE COLD- WORKED STRESS CORROSION CRACKINGS ON REACTOR GRADE LOW CARBON STAINLESS STEEL* (2004)

Femto-second (fs) lasers like low average power, Ti:Sapphire lasers, the JAERI high average power free-electron laser excimer laser, fiber laser and so on could peel off and remove two stress corrosion cracking ( SCC) origins of the cold-worked (CW) and the cracking susceptible material, and residual tensile stress in hardened and stretched surface of low-carbon stainless steel cubic samples for nuclear reactor internals as a proof of principle experiment except for the third origin of corrosive environment. Because it has been successfully demonstrated that the fs lasers could clearly remove the two SCC origins, we could resultantly prevent the cold-worked SCC in many fields near future.