gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inherent tissue selective fluorophore for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma imaging (2018)

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Learning to detect malicious executables in the wild (2004)

In this paper, we describe the development of a fielded application for detecting malicious executables in the wild. We gathered 1971 benign and 1651 malicious executables and encoded each as a training example using n-grams of byte codes as features. Such processing resulted in more than 255 million distinct n-grams. After selecting the most relevant n-grams for prediction, we evaluated a variety of inductive methods, including naive Bayes, decision trees, support vector machines, and boosting. Ultimately, boosted decision trees outperformed other methods with an area under the roc curve of 0.996. Results also suggest that our methodology will scale to larger collections of executables. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the only fielded application for this task developed using techniques from machine learning and data mining.
High-power continuous wave 690 nm AlGaInP laser-diode arrays (1995)

High-power diode laser arrays emitting at 690 nm have been developed for solid-state laser pumping. The laser diode bars (fill factor ≊0.7) have been fabricated from single quantum well AlGaInP-based heterostructures. Using silicon microchannel heatsinks, a record high 360 W/cm2 per emitting aperture is achieved under continuous wave operation.
Long-Term Renal Effects of Enalapril Therapy in Patients with Renal Insufficiency (1990)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory therapy is widely used to treat hypertension. With long-term use, it is now being shown to have a beneficial effect on renal function and proteinuria in patients with renal insufficiency. When hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency are treated with enalapril, glomerular filtration rate is maintained, effective renal plasma flow is increased, and microalbuminuria and gross proteinuria are reduced. These beneficial renal changes with enalapril therapy differ from those of most other conventional antihypertensive medications. Clinical awareness of potential problems with hyperkalemia and increasing azotemia, particularly in the setting of salt/volume depletion, is important to assure optimal patient management. When these problems occur, they are nearly always reversible by correcting salt/volume status and/or interrupting enalapril therapy.
Strategies for dynamic soft-landing in capacitive microelectromechanical switches (2011)

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Soft-tissue simulation using LEM - Long Elements Method (2002)

This paper discusses the use of the Long Elements Method--LEM in soft tissue modeling and surgery simulation. The LEM is a new method for real time, physically based, dynamic simulation of deformable objects, based on a new meshing strategy, using long elements. The method uses a combination of static (state-less) and dynamic approaches to simulate deformations and dynamics, obtaining a higher degree of compliance per time step. Global deformations that conserve volume and are convincingly compliant are obtained. Models are defined using bulk material properties. Elastic and plastic deformations can be simulated. The real time performance of the method and its intrinsic properties of volume conservation, modeling based in material properties and simpler meshing make it particularly attractive for soft tissue modeling and surgery simulation.
Synthesis of Antisense Oligonucleotides:  Replacement of 3H-1,2-Benzodithiol-3-one 1,1-Dioxide (Beaucage Reagent) with Phenylacetyl Disulfide (PADS) As Efficient Sulfurization Reagent:  From Bench to Bulk Manufacture of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (1999)

It is demonstrated that phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides can be synthesized on scales from 1 μmol to 150 mmol using phenylacetyl disulfide (PADS) as an efficient and economical replacement for Beaucage reagent. A 0.2 M solution of PADS in a mixture of 3-picoline and acetonitrile (1:1 v/v) as solvent with 60−120 s contact time efficiently (>99.6%) sulfurizes phosphite triesters to phosphorothioate triester linkages. Phenylacetyl disulfide reagent is inexpensive and scaleable and is currently being used by us for the manufacture of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotide active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).
Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains not identified by slide agglutination tests (1994)

Seventy-nine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, isolated during 1980 to 1990, were classified as MRSA Aggl- (14 strains) and MRSA Aggl+ (65 strains) strains on the basis of test results in slide agglutination assays designed to detect fibrinogen-binding protein (clumping factor) and protein A on the staphylococcal surface. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that lysostaphin digests of MRSA Aggl- strains contained a high-molecular-weight protein which was not detected in digests of MRSA Aggl+ strains. Immunization of rabbits with an MRSA Aggl- strain produced an antiserum which agglutinated all MRSA Aggl- strains and also 64 of 65 MRSA Aggl+ strains. Only 1 of 68 coagulase-negative staphylococci showed agglutination in this assay. The anti-MRSA Aggl- antiserum reacted mainly with a 230-kDa staphylococcal surface protein but also with a 175-kDa protein, probably formed by proteolysis of the former and a few slightly smaller proteins. These could not be immunologically detected in lysostaphin digests of MRSA Aggl+ strains. Purified antibodies reacting with the 230-kDa protein agglutinated all MRSA Aggl- strains, indicating that the protein is located on the surfaces of staphylococci. The results suggest a tentative role for the 230-kDa protein or its fragments as a novel target to develop more efficient rapid identification methods for S. aureus, including MRSA.
Masked software occlusion culling (2016)

Efficient occlusion culling in dynamic scenes is a very important topic to the game and real-time graphics community in order to accelerate rendering. We present a novel algorithm inspired by recent advances in depth culling for graphics hardware, but adapted and optimized for SIMD-capable CPUs. Our algorithm has very low memory overhead and is 3x faster than previous work, while culling 98% of all triangles culled by a full resolution depth buffer approach. It supports interleaving occluder rasterization and occlusion queries without penalty, making it easy to use in scene graph traversal or rendering code.
Efficient approximation of diagonal unitaries over the Clifford+T basis (2016)

We present an algorithm for the approximate decomposition of diagonal operators, focusing specifically on decompositions over the Clifford+T basis, that minimizes the number of phase-rotation gates in the synthesized approximation circuit. The equivalent T-count of the synthesized circuit is bounded by kC_0 log_2 (1/ε)+E(n, k), where k is the number of distinct phases in the diagonal n-qubit unitary, ε is the desired precision, C0 is a quality factor of the implementation method (1 < C_0 < 4), and E(n, k) is the total entanglement cost (in T gates). We determine an optimal decision boundary in (n, k, ε)-space where our decomposition algorithm achieves lower entanglement cost than previous state-of-the-art techniques. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques for a practical range of ε values and diagonal operators and can reduce the number of T gates exponentially in n when k far less than 2^ n .
Design and Synthesis of Dual-Action Inhibitors Targeting Histone Deacetylases and 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase for Cancer Treatment (2013)

A series of dual-action compounds were designed to target histone deacetylase (HDAC) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) by having a hydroxamate group essential for chelation with the zinc ion in the active site of HDAC and the key structural elements of statin for binding with both proteins. In our study, the statin hydroxamic acids prepared by a fused strategy are most promising in cancer treatments. These compounds showed potent inhibitory activities against HDACs and HMGR with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. These compounds also effectively reduced the HMGR activity as well as promoted the acetylations of histone and tubulin in cancer cells, but were not toxic to normal cells.
Real-time optoacoustic imaging of breast cancer using an interleaved two laser imaging system coregistered with ultrasound (2010)

We present results from a clinical case study on imaging breast cancer using a real-time interleaved two laser optoacoustic imaging system co-registered with ultrasound. The present version of Laser Optoacoustic Ultrasonic Imaging System (LOUIS) utilizes a commercial linear ultrasonic transducer array, which has been modified to include two parallel rectangular optical bundles, to operate in both ultrasonic (US) and optoacoustic (OA) modes. In OA mode, the images from two optical wavelengths (755 nm and 1064 nm) that provide opposite contrasts for optical absorption of oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood can be displayed simultaneously at a maximum rate of 20 Hz. The real-time aspect of the system permits probe manipulations that can assist in the detection of the lesion. The results show the ability of LOUIS to co-register regions of high absorption seen in OA images with US images collected at the same location with the dual modality probe. The dual wavelength results demonstrate that LOUIS can potentially provide breast cancer diagnostics based on different intensities of OA images of the lesion obtained at 755 nm and 1064 nm. We also present new data processing based on deconvolution of the LOUIS impulse response that helps recover original optoacoustic pressure profiles. Finally, we demonstrate the image analysis tool that provides automatic detection of the tumor boundary and quantitative metrics of the optoacoustic image quality. Using a blood vessel phantom submerged in a tissue-like milky background solution we show that the image contrast is minimally affected by the phantom distance from the LOUIS probe until about 60-65 mm. We suggest using the image contrast for quantitative assessment of an OA image of a breast lesion, as a part of the breast cancer diagnostics procedure.
Factoring using 2n+2 qubits with Toffoli based modular multiplication (2016)

We describe an implementation of Shor's quantum algorithm to factor n-bit integers using only 2n+2 qubits. In contrast to previous space-optimized implementations, ours features a purely Toffoli based modular multiplication circuit. The circuit depth and the overall gate count are in O(n^3) and O(n^3 log(n)), respectively. We thus achieve the same space and time costs as Takahashi et al., while using a purely classical modular multiplication circuit. As a consequence, our approach evades most of the cost overheads originating from rotation synthesis and enables testing and localization of faults in both, the logical level circuit and an actual quantum hardware implementation. Our new (in-place) constant-adder, which is used to construct the modular multiplication circuit, uses only dirty ancilla qubits and features a circuit size and depth in O(n log(n)) and O(n), respectively.
A Novel Self-Power SSHI Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (2016)

Piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) has been used to feed loads in military, health, animal tracking, and many other applications. A considerable amount of energy is dissipated in PEH to flip the output voltage through the internal capacitor and resistor of piezoelectric (PZT) material. One of the most effective techniques to harvest this power loss is called a synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique. A parallel SSHI technique has been used to flip the terminal voltage of the PEH through external inductor. A new, simple, and effective circuit has been introduced in this paper for this purpose. The new circuit uses two capacitors only to detect the flipping points of terminal voltage replacing two resistors, eight diodes, and two capacitors in the state of the art circuit (SAC). The new proposed circuit (NPC) showed about 26% reduction in losses, 18% increased output power, and 10% increase in efficiency compared to the SAC in normal operating condition. Also, the NPC showed 38% improvement in output power compared to the SAC in different operating conditions. Besides these benefits, the NPC extends the vibration frequency operating range 10 times higher than the circuit without the SSHI and 2.5 times the SAC. The simulation and experimental results showed the superiority of the NPC.
Robot-assisted assessment of wrist proprioception: Does wrist proprioceptive acuity follow Weber's law? (2016)

Proprioception is essential for planning and controlling limb posture and movement. In our recent work, we introduced a standardized robot-aided method for measuring proprioceptive discrimination thresholds at the wrist to obtain reliable and accurate measures of proprioceptive acuity. Weber's law defines discrimination thresholds as a constant ratio between the just noticeable difference and the reference or standard stimulus. Reporting Weber's fractions thus provides the possibility of comparing results with the reports of others collected worldwide. This work aims to determine that Weber's Law holds for proprioceptive discrimination thresholds and to provide Weber's fraction for wrist joint proprioception. To this end, eight healthy subjects experienced two passive wrist movements of different amplitude and verbally indicated which was larger. An adaptive psychophysical procedure established the amplitude of the largest stimulus according to participants' responses. This comparison stimulus was then compared to a standard stimulus amplitude of 10°, 20°, 30° or 40°. The discrimination thresholds for each standard stimulus were established at the 75% correct response level. The obtained thresholds followed Weber's Law indicating that larger amplitudes were associated with higher discrimination thresholds. Based on a linear regression function the overall Weber's fraction, defined as the slope of the line, was computed to be 0.09. This result expands the present limited knowledge on wrist proprioception showing that its proprioceptive acuity follows Weber's law.
Feasibility of Plasma Aftertreatment for Simultaneous Control of NOx and Particulates (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Plasma reactors can be operated as a particulate trap or as a NO<sub>x</sub> converter. Particulate trapping in a plasma reactor can be accomplished by electrostatic precipitation. The soluble organic fraction of the trapped particulates can be utilized for the hydrocarbon-enhanced oxidation of NO to NO<sub>2</sub>. The NO<sub>2</sub> can then be used to non-thermally oxidize the carbon fraction of the particulates. The oxidation of the carbon fraction by NO<sub>2</sub> can lead to reduction of NO<sub>x</sub> or backconversion of NO<sub>2</sub> to NO. This paper examines the hydrocarbon and electrical energy density requirements in a plasma for maximum NO<sub>x</sub> conversion in both heavy-duty and light-duty diesel engine exhaust. The energy density required for complete oxidation of hydrocarbons is also examined and shown to be much greater than that required for maximum NO<sub>x</sub> conversion. The reaction of NO<sub>2</sub> with carbon is shown to lead mainly to backconversion of NO<sub>2</sub> to NO. These results suggest that the combination of the plasma with a catalyst will be required to reduce the NO<sub>x</sub> and oxidize the hydrocarbons. The plasma reactor can be operated occasionally in the arc mode to thermally oxidize the carbon fraction of the particulates.</div>
Scene change detection in encrypted video bit streams (2013)

In this paper, a novel method to detect scene changes in encrypted video streams is presented. Typically, in IPTV systems, the media stream is transmitted in encrypted form, and therefore the only available information to determine the scene changes are the packet headers which transport the video signal. Thus, the proposed method estimates the size and the type of each picture of the video sequence by extracting information from the packet headers. Then, based on the GOP structure, a set of rules are determined to predict changes of frame sizes which are indicative of scene changes in the video sequences. Furthermore, the application of the proposed method in the recently standardized ITU-T Recommendation P.1201.2 for no-reference audio-visual quality assessment for IPTV-grade services is presented to highlight how such method could be deployed. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated on a large set of video databases to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Efficient Electron Injection from a Bilayer Cathode Consisting of Aluminum and Alcohol‐/Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polymers (2004)

A bilayer cathode consisting of aminoalkyl-substituted polyfluorene and Al layers (see Figure) effectively injects electrons into an electroluminescent polymer emitting layer. The alcohol- and water-soluble polyfluorene, and its quaternized salt, can be used to fabricate polymer light-emitting diodes with device performance comparable to, or exceeding, devices using Ba/Al cathodes.
Partial-parallel-repair (PPR) (2016)

With the explosion of data in applications all around us, erasure coded storage has emerged as an attractive alternative to replication because even with significantly lower storage overhead, they provide better reliability against data loss. Reed-Solomon code is the most widely used erasure code because it provides maximum reliability for a given storage overhead and is flexible in the choice of coding parameters that determine the achievable reliability. However, reconstruction time for unavailable data becomes prohibitively long mainly because of network bottlenecks. Some proposed solutions either use additional storage or limit the coding parameters that can be used. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed reconstruction technique, called Partial Parallel Repair (PPR), which divides the reconstruction operation to small partial operations and schedules them on multiple nodes already involved in the data reconstruction. Then a distributed protocol progressively combines these partial results to reconstruct the unavailable data blocks and this technique reduces the network pressure. Theoretically, our technique can complete the network transfer in ⌈(log2(k + 1))⌉ time, compared to k time needed for a (k, m) Reed-Solomon code. Our experiments show that PPR reduces repair time and degraded read time significantly. Moreover, our technique is compatible with existing erasure codes and does not require any additional storage overhead. We demonstrate this by overlaying PPR on top of two prior schemes, Local Reconstruction Code and Rotated Reed-Solomon code, to gain additional savings in reconstruction time.
Prediction of tachyarrhythmia episodes (2002)

Ventricular tachyarrhythmia, in particular ventricular fibrillation, may be partially enabled by an imbalance within the autonomic nervous system. Decreased parasympathetic (or vagal) cardiac regulatory activity may be responsible for the development of conditions that allow ventricular fibrillation to develop and sustain itself. An analysis of R-R intervals immediately prior to episodes of ventricular fibrillation has yielded a modulation pattern of the R-R intervals, which was termed "vagal fatigue," that appears in a majority of ventricular fibrillation episodes detected and treated by an implantable defibrillator. When absent, this modulation pattern is typically associated with an aborted defibrillation shock, indicating that parasympathetic activity is sufficiently strong that it was able to overcome the tachyarrhythmia prior to therapy delivery. The tachyarrhythmia detector compares the instantaneous R-R interval with a target R-R. The resulting error signal was used to set the "vagal fatigue" indicator.
A practical and robust bump-mapping technique for today’s GPU’s (2010)

The results highlight the importance of supporting group cohesion and maximising homework engagement during core components of social anxiety treatment such as behavioural experiments.
Reduced switching delay in wavelength division multiplexed two-dimensional multiple-plane optical interconnections using multiple-wavelength VCSEL arrays (1996)

We calculate the expected number of internodal hops for a network established with a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) two-dimensional (2-D) multiple-plane optical interconnection. This WDM optical interconnection incorporates WDM pixels consisting of multiple-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays and wavelength-selective detectors. The WDM interconnection can support simultaneous and reconfigurable communication among a network of nodes, Using the expected number of hops as a measure of internodal switching delay, we show that the integration of WDM into the interconnection results in a significantly reduced delay as compared to single-wavelength systems. Substantial delay reduction results even when the number of wavelengths is small relative to the number of 2-D planes. We analyze the bus, dual-bus, and ring architectures since they define the means of communication between pixels. For each architecture, we analyze three configurations which provide each node access to (i) an entire plane of pixels, (ii) a row (or column) of pixels, or (iii) an individual pixel. When each network node has access to an entire plane of pixels, the proposed WDM interconnection incurs substantially shorter delay than single-wavelength optical interconnections. By allowing a node to access an entire row or column of pixels, the interconnection benefits from the incorporation of spatial division multiplexing (SDM) and the number of nodes connected can grow substantially, with negligible added delay. Finally, when a node can access only a single pixel, a large number of independent processors can be interconnected exhibiting far less switching delay than other electronic or optical interconnections of comparable size.