gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(ester urea)-Based Adhesives: Improved Deployment and Adhesion by Incorporation of Poly(propylene glycol) Segments (2016)

The adhesive nature of mussels arises from the catechol moiety in the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) amino acid, one of the many proteins that contribute to the unique adhesion properties of mussels. Inspired by these properties, many biomimetic adhesives have been developed over the past few years in an attempt to replace adhesives such as fibrin, cyanoacrylate, and epoxy glues. In the present work, we synthesized ethanol soluble but water insoluble catechol functionalized poly(ester urea) random copolymers that help facilitate delivery and adhesion in wet environments. Poly(propylene glycol) units incorporated into the polymer backbone impart ethanol solubility to these polymers, making them clinically relevant. A catechol to cross-linker ratio of 10:1 with a curing time of 4 h exceeded the performance of commercial fibrin glue (4.8 ± 1.4 kPa) with adhesion strength of 10.6 ± 2.1 kPa. These adhesion strengths are significant with the consideration that the adhesion studies were performed under wet conditions.
Modular polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer membranes for CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> separation (2014)

A robust and orthogonal approach to access modular block-copolymer poly(ionic liquid)s.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A genetic perspective (1997)

Summary: Important advances in understanding the common genetic disease, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), have been made in last 3 years through the identification and characterization of the major genes, PKDI and PKD2. the PKDI and PDK2 genes map to the chromosomal regions, 16p13.3 (within a complex reiterated area) and 4q21‐23, respectively, and encode transcripts of over 14kb ( PKDI ) and 5 kb ( PKD2 ). the predicted PKD1 protein, polycystin, is 4302/3 aa with a calculated molecular mass of approximately 460 kDa. Polycystin has a large extracellular region containing motifs involved in protein‐protein and protein‐carbohydrate interactions, and is attached to the membrane with multiple transmembrane regions. PKD2 is a small integral membrane protein (110 kD) with cytoplasmic N and C termini, 6 transmembrane domains and a region of homology with polycystin. Similarity of PKD2 to voltage‐gated ion channels and an area of homology between polycystin and a receptor for egg jelly protein, which is thought to regulate ion channels, suggests a role for the ADPKD proteins in ion transport. the PKD1 and PKD2 genes are expressed in most tissues and polycystin has been localised to tubular epithelial structures in the fetal and adult kidney. A Western product of approximately 400 kDa has been detected in membrane fractions of renal tissue and strong polycystin expression has been noted in PKD1 cystic epithelia. the mutations detected at PKD1 and PKD2 suggest that these germline changes are inactivating. A specific syndrome due to a deletion of PKD1 and the adjacent TSC2 gene is associated with early onset polycystic kidney disease and tuberous sclerosis. Recent evidence of somatic mutation in cystic epithelia suggests that PKD1 is recessive at the cellular level, although this appears a odds with the continued polycystin expression noted in these cells. Further studies to determine the precise mutational mechanism and the normal role of the ADPKD proteins is required.
Engineering of a Spider Peptide via Conserved Structure-Function Traits Optimizes Sodium Channel Inhibition In Vitro and Anti-Nociception In Vivo (2021)

Venom peptides are potent and selective modulators of voltage-gated ion channels that regulate neuronal function both in health and in disease. We previously identified the spider venom peptide Tap1a from the Venezuelan tarantula <i>Theraphosa apophysis</i> that targeted multiple voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels in visceral pain pathways and inhibited visceral mechano-sensing neurons contributing to irritable bowel syndrome. In this work, alanine scanning and domain activity analysis revealed Tap1a inhibited sodium channels by binding with nanomolar affinity to the voltage-sensor domain II utilising conserved structure-function features characteristic of spider peptides belonging to family NaSpTx1. In order to speed up the development of optimized Na<sub>V</sub>-targeting peptides with greater inhibitory potency and enhanced <i>in vivo</i> activity, we tested the hypothesis that incorporating residues identified from other optimized NaSpTx1 peptides into Tap1a could also optimize its potency for Na<sub>V</sub>s. Applying this approach, we designed the peptides Tap1a-OPT1 and Tap1a-OPT2 exhibiting significant increased potency for Na<sub>V</sub>1.1, Na<sub>V</sub>1.2, Na<sub>V</sub>1.3, Na<sub>V</sub>1.6 and Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 involved in several neurological disorders including acute and chronic pain, motor neuron disease and epilepsy. Tap1a-OPT1 showed increased potency for the off-target Na<sub>V</sub>1.4, while this off-target activity was absent in Tap1a-OPT2. This enhanced potency arose through a slowed off-rate mechanism. Optimized inhibition of Na<sub>V</sub> channels observed <i>in vitro</i> translated <i>in vivo</i>, with reversal of nocifensive behaviours in a murine model of Na<sub>V</sub>-mediated pain also enhanced by Tap1a-OPT. Molecular docking studies suggested that improved interactions within loops 3 and 4, and C-terminal of Tap1a-OPT and the Na<sub>V</sub> channel voltage-sensor domain II were the main drivers of potency optimization. Overall, the rationally designed peptide Tap1a-OPT displayed new and refined structure-function features which are likely the major contributors to its enhanced bioactive properties observed <i>in vivo</i>. This work contributes to the rapid engineering and optimization of potent spider peptides multi-targeting Na<sub>V</sub> channels, and the research into novel drugs to treat neurological diseases.
Deregulation of proteins involved in iron metabolism in hepcidin-deficient mice (2005)

Evidence is accumulating that hepcidin, a liver regulatory peptide, could be the common pathogenetic denominator of all forms of iron overload syndromes including HFE-related hemochromatosis, the most prevalent genetic disorder characterized by inappropriate iron absorption. To understand the mechanisms whereby hepcidin controls iron homeostasis in vivo, we have analyzed the level of iron-related proteins by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in hepcidin-deficient mice, a mouse model of severe hemochromatosis. These mice showed important increased levels of duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and ferroportin compared with control mice. Interestingly, the level of ferroportin was coordinately up-regulated in the duodenum, the spleen, and the liver (predominantly in the Kupffer cells). Finally, we also evidenced a decrease of ceruloplasmin in the liver of hepcidin-deficient mice. We hypothesized that the deregulation of these proteins might be central in the pathogenesis of iron overload, providing key therapeutic targets for iron disorders.
Noise Constrained Diffusion Least Mean Squares over adaptive networks (2010)

This paper presents the design of a new diffusion algorithm over adaptive networks. The algorithm assumes knowledge of variance of additive noise. The design is based on the Noise-Constrained Least-Mean Squares (LMS) Algorithm and the new algorithm becomes a type of variable step-size algorithm for which the step-size variation rule results directly from the constraint. The design of the Noise-Constrained Diffusion LMS algorithm has been included. Simulation results show that the new algorithm outperforms the existing Diffusion LMS algorithm as well as its Incremental counterpart.
New photothermal deflection technique to discriminate between heating and cooling (2017)

Photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) is a highly sensitive and precise technique that is used to measure the optical absorption and thermal characteristics of a sample. While most applications of PDS utilize a heating beam, laser cooling of solids, or optical refrigeration as it is sometimes called, use this technique to determine if a laser is cooling or heating a sample. Current PDS methods for laser cooling require multiple laser wavelengths in both the Stokes and anti-Stokes region to ensure that cooling is occurring. This can cause problems if lasers must be changed or no lasers in the desired wavelength are available. Herein, we present a photothermal deflection technique that uses the deflection of the probe laser to determine if microcooling is occurring inside a sample.
Endostatin inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor-induced mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells. (2003)

Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are present in peripheral blood and have been shown to contribute to normal and pathological neovascularization. Antiangiogenic molecules can inhibit neovascularization in tumors and other sites, but their effect on CECs has not yet been determined. We hypothesize that angiogenic factors will increase the number of CECs, and conversely, antiangiogenic treatment will reduce these numbers. Mice treated with high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed increased numbers of Flk-1-positive cells in peripheral blood and endothelial cell colonies compared with vehicle-treated controls. These changes were accompanied by increased bone marrow neovascularization. In contrast, mice that received VEGF and endostatin had significantly lower numbers of CECs and reduced bone marrow vascularization. Endostatin-induced apoptosis was probably responsible for the decreased number of CECs. Systemic delivery of a VEGF antagonist, soluble Flt-1, also inhibited the VEGF-induced increase in CECs. These results were further confirmed in a Tie2/LacZ mouse model, in which endostatin reduced the number of beta-galactosidase-expressing peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We propose that endothelial progenitor cells are a novel target for endostatin and suggest that the relative numbers of CECs can serve as a surrogate marker for the biological activity of antiangiogenic treatment.
Tobacco Nicotine Uptake Permease Regulates the Expression of a Key Transcription Factor Gene in the Nicotine Biosynthesis Pathway (2014)

The down-regulation of a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plasma membrane-localized nicotine uptake permease, NUP1, was previously reported to reduce total alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. However, it was unclear how this nicotine transporter affected the biosynthesis of the alkaloid nicotine. When NUP1 expression was suppressed in cultured tobacco cells treated with jasmonate, which induces nicotine biosynthesis, the NICOTINE2-locus transcription factor gene ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR189 (ERF189) and its target structural genes, which function in nicotine biosynthesis and transport, were strongly suppressed, resulting in decreased total alkaloid levels. Conversely, NUP1 overexpression had the opposite effect. In these experiments, the expression levels of the MYC2 transcription factor gene and its jasmonate-inducible target gene were not altered. Inhibiting tobacco alkaloid biosynthesis by suppressing the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the nicotine pathway did not affect the expression of ERF189 and other nicotine pathway genes, indicating that ERF189 is not regulated by cellular alkaloid levels. Suppressing the expression of jasmonate signaling components in cultured tobacco cells showed that NUP1 acts downstream of the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 receptor and MYC2, but upstream of ERF189. These results suggest that although jasmonate-activated expression of MYC2 induces the expression of both NUP1 and ERF189, expression of ERF189 may actually be mediated by NUP1. Furthermore, NUP1 overexpression in tobacco plants inhibited the long-range transport of nicotine from the roots to the aerial parts. Thus, NUP1 not only mediates the uptake of tobacco alkaloids into root cells, but also positively controls the expression of ERF189, a key gene in the biosynthesis of these alkaloids.
ESD protection design for high-speed applications in CMOS technology (2016)

To prevent from electrostatic discharge (ESD) damages, the ESD protection design must be added on chip. The ESD protection design with low parasitic capacitance is needed for high-speed applications. In this work, an ESD protection design realized by stacked diodes with embedded silicon-controlled rectifier was proposed. Verified in silicon chip, the proposed ESD protection design with lower parasitic capacitance and higher ESD robustness was more suitable for high-speed ESD protection in CMOS technology.
Design of IGP link weight changes for estimation of traffic matrices (2005)

We consider the traffic matrix estimation problem in IP backbone networks, whose goal is to accurately estimate the volume of traffic traveling between network endpoints. Previous approaches to this problem involve measuring the volume of traffic on each link in the network during a time interval where the routing configuration is fixed, and exploit a statistical model of the traffic in order to obtain an estimate of the traffic matrix. These previous approaches are prone to large estimation errors because the link measurements from a fixed muting scenario constitute a data set that is simply too limited to provide enough data to enable estimation procedures that yield very small errors. We propose the idea of collecting link measurements under multiple routing scenarios so that the traffic matrix can be determined very accurately. We present an algorithm for determining a sequence of routing configurations, each of which is specified by a set of link weights. We incorporate carrier requirements into our algorithm so that our proposed routing configurations are operationally viable. We present the results of applying our algorithm to some representative IP backbone topologies and discuss the performance trade-offs that arise.
Immunohistochemical localization of parathyroid hormone‐related protein in parathyroid adenoma and hyperplasia (1990)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is invoked as the cause of humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM); it is contained in the keratinocyte layer of normal skin; and there is evidence that is is produced by fetal parathyroids. Antibodies against synthetic PTHrP peptides have been raised in rabbits and sheep. This immunohistochemical study has found that primary parathyroid adenomata and hyperplastic glands from patients with chronic renal failure stain positively with antisera against PTHrP(1-34) and PTHrP(50-69). Primary hyperplastic glands are negative. No staining with anti-PTHrP(106-141) antiserum could be detected immunohistochemically in any of the parathyroid adenomata or hyperplasia.
Processing set expressions over continuous update streams (2003)

There is growing interest in algorithms for processing and querying continuous data streams (i.e., data that is seen only once in a fixed order) with limited memory resources. In its most general form, a data stream is actually an update stream, i.e., comprising data-item deletions as well as insertions. Such massive update streams arise naturally in several application domains (e.g., monitoring of large IP network installations, or processing of retail-chain transactions).Estimating the cardinality of set expressions defined over several (perhaps, distributed) update streams is perhaps one of the most fundamental query classes of interest; as an example, such a query may ask "what is the number of distinct IP source addresses seen in passing packets from both router R1 and R2 but not router R3?". Earlier work has only addressed very restricted forms of this problem, focusing solely on the special case of insert-only streams and specific operators (e.g., union). In this paper, we propose the first space-efficient algorithmic solution for estimating the cardinality of full-fledged set expressions over general update streams. Our estimation algorithms are probabilistic in nature and rely on a novel, hash-based synopsis data structure, termed "2-level hash sketch". We demonstrate how our 2-level hash sketch synopses can be used to provide low-error, high-confidence estimates for the cardinality of set expressions (including operators such as set union, intersection, and difference) over continuous update streams, using only small space and small processing time per update. Furthermore, our estimators never require rescanning or resampling of past stream items, regardless of the number of deletions in the stream. We also present lower bounds for the problem, demonstrating that the space usage of our estimation algorithms is within small factors of the optimal. Preliminary experimental results verify the effectiveness of our approach.
Integrated zwitterionic conjugated poly(carboxybetaine thiophene) as a new biomaterial platform (2014)

An integrated zwitterionic conjugated polymer-based biomaterial platform was designed and studied to address some of the key challenges of conjugated polymers in biomedical applications. This biomaterial platform consists of conjugated polymer backbones and multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. Zwitterionic materials gain electrical conductivity and interesting optical properties through conjugated polymer backbones, and non-biocompatible conjugated polymers obtain excellent antifouling properties, enhanced electrical conductivity, functional groups of bioconjugation and response to environmental stimuli <i>via</i> multifunctional zwitterionic side chains. This platform can potentially be adapted to a wide range of applications (<i>e.g.</i> bioelectronics, tissue engineering and biofuel cell), which require high performance conducting materials with excellent antifouling/biocompatibility at biointerfaces.
Record player with a square, viscously damped pick-up arm lift rod (1988)

First Page
LOST2: A Terrain Based Underwater Positioning System Results from Sea Trials (2000)

Abstract : This paper develops and demonstrates a new accurate underwater positioning system, LOST2. LOST2 nonlinearly combines pails of dead-reckoning, acoustic-based, and terrain-based positioning into a single integrated system. The LOST2 system is composed of two major subsystems, a system observer and a constrained extended Kalman filter. Inputs to the system are as follows: (1) high resolution bathymetry, (2) measured ocean depth at the position of the vessel, (3) measured or estimated vessel velocity, (4) slant range to and position of a known point, and (5) an initial prediction of the vessel's location. The system is capable of providing position estimates with the same degree of accuracy as present methods, with significantly less hardware. In this paper the system development is briefly discussed, and results from tow body and UUV sea trials are presented. The results of the field trials demonstrate the viability of the system as a new method to position underwater vessels.
An Imperfect Fault Coverage Model With Coverage of Irrelevant Components (2014)

This paper addresses the coverage (including identification and isolation) of irrelevant components in systems with imperfect fault coverage (IFC). In fault-tolerant systems, a single not-covered component fault may thwart the automatic recovery mechanisms, and lead to a system or subsystem failure. The models that consider the effects of IFC are known as coverage models (CMs). In traditional CMs, except those considering functional dependency (a similar concept to relevancy but with different assumptions and semantics), coverage is typically limited to faulty components regardless of their relevancies. Consequently, an operational but irrelevant component will not be isolated, and may threaten the system by its future uncovered (not-covered) failures. Although the system is generally assumed to be coherent, which implies the relevancy of each component in the initial system state, the traditional CMs do not consider the fact that an initially relevant component could become irrelevant after the failures of other components. We propose the irrelevancy coverage model (ICM) to cover the irrelevant components in addition to the faulty components. In the ICM, a component will be isolated from the system whenever it becomes irrelevant (even it is not failed), such that its future not-covered failures will not affect the system anymore. By incorporating the coverage of irrelevant components, the ICM opens up a new cost-effective approach to improve system reliability without additional redundancy.
Service-domain solutions to radio interference for M2M communications and networking (2012)

The Internet of Things (IoT) will see the connection of tens of billions of objects to the Internet over the next 10 years and will lead to improvements in the quality of life for everyone. The density of all the radio-connected IoT objects will place increasing pressure on the available limited spectrum resources. These radio-connected IoT objects will, in addition, often use different radio access technologies (RATs), making service advertising and discovery as well as coordination of radio resources extremely challenging, due to the potentially vast numbers of connected devices. These problems can be addressed both by using centralised co-ordination of radio resources and by distributed intelligent devices that actively manage their own radio resource usage. This paper addresses solutions for centralised co-ordination of the wireless connected IoT devices through a new approach which relies on a shared service-level platform to provide flexible radio spectrum usage. New algorithms for interference mitigation and device co-existence are described which use device management made possible by such a platform, and avoid potential conflicts across heterogeneous systems. Under the assumption that geographically co-located devices are all using a common service platform, the centralised algorithms proposed here have the potential for more efficient solutions than existing inter-RAT interference mitigation solutions. An implementation of our algorithms using the emerging ETSI M2M standard is outlined.
Nondestructive, in-process inspection of inertia friction welding : an investigation into a new sensing technique. (2024)

This paper investigates the capabilities of a new sensor for in-process monitoring of quality during friction welding. The non-contact sensor is composed of microphones that are mounted in an aluminum ring which surrounds the weld joint. The sensor collects the acoustical energy (in the form of sound pressure) that is emitted during the plastic deformation and phase transformations (if applicable) in friction welding processes. The focus in this preliminary investigation is to search for and identify features within the acoustical emission that are indicative of bond quality. Bar-to-bar inertia friction welding (one form of friction welding) of copper to 304L stainless steel is used in this proof-of-concept study. This material combination exhibits only marginal weldability and is ideally suited for validating the capabilities of this new sensing technique. A probabilistic neural network is employed in this work to analyze the acoustical emission's frequency spectrum in an attempt to classify acceptable, conditional, and unacceptable welds. Our preliminary findings indicate that quality-based process features do exist within the frequency spectrum of the acoustical signature. The results from this analysis are presented. Future work in improving the sensing and interpretation of the data is discussed in an effort to develop a robust method of quality-based, in-process monitoring of friction welds.
Integrated optic grating-coupler-based optical head (1993)

An integrated optic grating-coupler-based optical recording head that contains fewer components and is easier to align than a conventional bulk-optics-based optical head is presented. Exemplary rf signals, radial tracking, and focus error signals obtained with the head are presented. The integration of the grating head on a single coupler on a single substrate is proposed, using a grating to tapered film waveguide.