gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric synthesis of 1,3,4-trisubstituted and 3,4-disubstituted 2-azetidinones: strategy based on use of<scp>D</scp>-glucosamine as a chiral auxiliary in the Staudinger reaction (1990)

An efficient asymmetric approach to the synthesis of trisubstituted azetidin-2-ones is presented. The strategy relies on the use of ketene–imine cycloaddition between ketenes generated from phthalimidoacetic and methoxyacetic acids and a chiral Schiff base (3) derived from 3,4;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glucosamine propane dithioacetal (2) and cinnamaldehyde; the removal of the chiral auxiliary group by β-elimination is a noteworthy facet of this communication.
Electrohydrodynamic printing of silver nanowires for flexible and stretchable electronics (2018)

A silver nanowire (AgNW) based conductor is a promising component for flexible and stretchable electronics. A wide range of flexible/stretchable devices using AgNW conductors has been demonstrated recently. High-resolution, high-throughput printing of AgNWs remains a critical challenge. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing has been developed as a promising technique to print different materials on a variety of substrates with high resolution. Here, AgNW ink was developed for EHD printing. The printed features can be controlled by several parameters including AgNW concentration, ink viscosity, printing speed, stand-off distance, etc. With this method, AgNW patterns can be printed on a range of substrates, e.g. paper, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), etc. First, AgNW samples on PDMS were characterized under bending and stretching. Then AgNW heaters and electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes were fabricated to demonstrate the potential of this printing technique for AgNW-based flexible and stretchable devices.
Expression of Rat Liver Cytochrome P-450MC cDNA in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1985)

Rat liver cytochrome P-450MC cDNA was inserted between the ADH1 promoter and terminator regions of the yeast expression vector pAAH5. On introduction of the resulting recombinant plasmid pAMC1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells synthesized up to 8 X 10(5) molecules per cell of the cytochrome P-450MC protein, most of which was localized in yeast microsomes. Approximately half of the synthesized cytochrome contained heme in the enzyme molecule. These formed a functional electron-transport chain in the microsomes which exhibited aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity toward benzo[a]pyrene.
Antigenic and immunogenic investigation of the virulence motif of the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein (2010)

Newcastle disease (ND) caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry. Virulent NDVs characteristically have a multibasic amino acid sequence (virulence motif) such as (112)RRQKRF(117) at the cleavage site of the precusor fusion (F0) protein. The antigenic and immunogenic characteristics of the virulence motif (112)RRQKRF(117) in the F0 protein of virulent NDVs were investigated. Epitope mapping analysis revealed that a RRQKRF-specific monoclonal antibody 4G2 recognized the KRF section of the motif. A synthetic peptide bearing the RRQKRF motif reacted strongly with sera from virulent NDV (with RRQKRF motif)-infected chickens. These sera also showed reactivity to peptides bearing other virulence motifs ((112)KRQKRF(117), (112)RRQRRF(117) and (112)RRRKRF(117)) but not an avirulence motif ((112)GRQGRL(117)) by ELISA. The synthetic bearing RRQKRF motif reacted with 60% to 91% of sera taken from surviving chickens on ND outbreak farms but not with sera from vaccinated birds, even though most of the sera had antibody to NDV due to vaccination. This indicates that the virulence motif has the potential to differentiate virulent NDV infected birds from vaccinated birds.
The Molecular Mechanism of Programmed Cell Death in <i>C. elegans</i> (1999)

ABSTRACT Programmed cell death or apoptosis plays a fundamental role during animal development, metamorphosis, and tissue homeostasis. It is a genetically controlled physiological process that comprises two distinct and sequential processes: the death of cells, and their subsequent removal by engulfing cells. In the nematode C. elegans , genetic studies led to the discovery of 15 genes that function in programmed cell death 1 ( Fig. 1 ). These 15 genes have been divided into four groups based on the order of their activity during the process of programmed cell death: (1) those involved in the decision making ( ces‐1 and ces‐2 ); (2) in the process of execution ( ced‐3, ced‐4, ced‐9 and egl‐1 ); (3) in the engulfment of dying cells by engulfing cells ( ced‐1, ced‐2, ced‐5, ced‐6, ced‐7, ced‐10, ced‐12 ); and (4) those in the degradation of cell corpses within engulfing cells ( nuc‐1 ). In the last five years, several genes in the genetic pathway of programmed cell death have been shown to be conserved across a wide range of species; all genes involved in the step of execution in C. elegans have their corresponding mammalian homologs ( Fig. 2 ). Furthermore, emerging evidence from molecular studies of engulfment genes in several species suggests that the signaling process from apoptotic cells to engulfing cells and the subsequent engulfment process might be also conserved across species ( Table 1 ). The genetic pathway for programmed cell death in C. elegans . In the nematode C. elegans , genetic studies led to the discovery of 15 genes related to programmed cell death. These 15 genes have been divided into four groups based on the order of their activity during the process of programmed cell death: ces‐1 and ces‐2 are involved in the decision making, ced‐3, ced‐4, ced‐8, ced‐9 , and egl‐1 in the process of execution, ced‐1, ced‐2, ced‐5, ced‐6, ced‐7, and ced‐10 in the engulfinent of dying cells by engulfing cells, and nuc‐1 in the degradation of cell corpses within engulfing cells. Adapted from reference 1 . image Conservation of the execution step in the genetic pathway for programmed cell death. In C. elegans , the execution step in the genetic pathway for programmed cell death comprises four genes, ced‐3, ced‐4, ced‐9 , and egl‐1 . All of these genes have their corresponding mammalian homologs: CED‐9 is a member of the Bcl‐2 family, CED‐3 is a caspase family member, CED‐4 is homologous to the Apaf‐ 1 protein, and EGL‐1 is similar in structure to Bid and other BH3 domain only‐containing proteins. In Drosophila, reaper, hid , and grim are required for the apoptotic cell death and might act upstream of the Drosophila caspases, drICE, DREDD, and DCP‐1. The homologs of reaper, hid , and grim in other species have not been identified. Similarly, the homologs of EGL‐1, CED‐4 and CED‐9 in Drosophila have not been found. image Evolutionary conservation of engulfment genes a image
SUSTAINABLE ULTRA-HIGH-PERFORMANCE GLASS CONCRETE FOR INFRASTRUCTURES (2017)

This paper presents research work on the development of a green type of ultra-high-performance concrete using ground glass powders with different degrees of fineness (UHPGC). This article presents the development of an innovative, low-cost, and sustainable UHPGC through the use of glass powder to replace cement, and quartz powder particles. An UHPGC with a compressive strength ( f c ) of up to 220 MPa was prepared and its fresh, and mechanical properties were investigated. The test results indicate that the fresh UHPGC properties were improved when the cement and quartz powder were replaced with non-absorptive glass powder particles. The strength improvement can be attributed to the glass powder’s pozzolanicity and to its mechanical performance (very high strength and elastic modulus of glass). A case study of using this UHPGC is presented through the design and construction of a footbridge. Erection of footbridge at University of Sherbrooke Campus using UHPGC is also presented as a full-scale application.
i<sup>2</sup>WAP: Improving non-volatile cache lifetime by reducing inter- and intra-set write variations (2013)

Modern computers require large on-chip caches, but the scalability of traditional SRAM and eDRAM caches is constrained by leakage and cell density. Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) is a promising alternative to build large on-chip caches. However, limited write endurance is a common problem for non-volatile memory technologies. In addition, today's cache management might result in unbalanced write traffic to cache blocks causing heavily-written cache blocks to fail much earlier than others. Unfortunately, existing wear-leveling techniques for NVM-based main memories cannot be simply applied to NVM-based on-chip caches because cache writes have intra-set variations as well as inter-set variations. To solve this problem, we propose i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> WAP, a new cache management policy that can reduce both inter- and intra-set write variations. i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> WAP has two features: (1) Swap-Shift, an enhancement based on previous main memory wear-leveling to reduce cache inter-set write variations; (2) Probabilistic Set Line Flush, a novel technique to reduce cache intra-set write variations. Implementing i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> WAP only needs two global counters and two global registers. By adopting i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> WAP, we can improve the lifetime of on-chip non-volatile caches by 75% on average and up to 224%.
A Tree Growth Inhibiting Insulation for Power Cable (1981)

This paper describes a power cable insulation with a tree growth inhibiting additive that is nowommer commercially available for use by the electric utilities. The new insulating resin inhibits the growth of both electrical and water trees. A major cause of insulation failure is the progressive ive degradation process called treeing. There is general agreement that electrical and water trees cause insulation degradation leading to cable failure. This paper deals with a thermoplastic polyethylene insulating resin for use in power cable systems. Dodecanol is added to polyethylene to inhibit the growth of both electrical and water trees. The differences between electrical and water trees are reviewed. Test methods for evaluating insulating compositions for resistance to electrical and water tree growth are presented using small laboratory samples in accelerated tests. Data obtained in special model cables show the extent of migration of the dodecanol in accelerated tests. Test results on full sized commercial cables are discussed.
TSH Receptor – Autoantibody Interactions (2009)

TSH receptor (TSHR) autoantibodies (TRAbs)activate the TSHR cyclic AMP cascade (stimulating TRAbs) or act as TSHR antagonist (blocking TRAbs), and both types inhibit TSH binding to the TSHR. Isolation of human monoclonal TSHR autoantibodies (stimulating M22 and blocking 5C9) has been a key milestone in studies of the TSHR and TSHR autoimmunity. Comparison of M22 and TSH interactions with the TSHR at the atomic level reveal that M22 heavy and light chains mimic TSH alpha and beta chains, respectively, in the way they bind to the receptor, but the evolutionary forces which have caused this close molecular mimicry are as yet completely unknown. More recently two more human monoclonal antibodies to the TSHR (K1-18 with stimulating and K1-70 with blocking activities) have been isolated from a single blood sample collected from a patient with hypothyroidism who previously presented with hyperthyroidism. K1-18 and K1-70 were derived from different lymphocytes as shown by V region genes analysis. This provides, for the first time, clear proof that a patient can produce both blocking and stimulating TRAbs at the same time. Although it has been postulated that stimulating and blocking TRAbs bind to different regions on the TSHR, our studies showed that antibodies of both types bind well to the TSHR containing only N-terminal amino acids 22-260. Whether TRAbs make contact with other parts of the TSHR in order to produce their biological effects (stimulation or blocking) remains to be elucidated.
Elevated production of radical oxygen species by polymorphonuclear neutrophils in cerebrospinal fluid infection (2012)

Measurement of ROS production may discriminate infected from noninfected CSF. This simple test would be easy to employ in clinical practice to improve CSF infection management.
Nociceptor Sensitization by Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (2001)

Inflammatory pain, characterized by a decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold (hyperalgesia), arises through actions of inflammatory mediators, many of which sensitize primary afferent nociceptors via G-protein-coupled receptors. Two signaling pathways, one involving protein kinase A (PKA) and one involving the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C (PKCepsilon), have been implicated in primary afferent nociceptor sensitization. Here we describe a third, independent pathway that involves activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2. Epinephrine, which induces hyperalgesia by direct action at beta(2)-adrenergic receptors on primary afferent nociceptors, stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells. This was inhibited by a beta(2)-adrenergic receptor blocker and by an inhibitor of mitogen and extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), which phosphorylates and activates ERK1/2. Inhibitors of G(i/o)-proteins, Ras farnesyltransferases, and MEK decreased epinephrine-induced hyper-algesia. In a similar manner, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was also decreased by these inhibitors. Local injection of dominant active MEK produced hyperalgesia that was unaffected by PKA or PKCepsilon inhibitors. Conversely, hyperalgesia produced by agents that activate PKA or PKCepsilon was unaffected by MEK inhibitors. We conclude that a Ras-MEK-ERK1/2 cascade acts independent of PKA or PKCepsilon as a novel signaling pathway for the production of inflammatory pain. This pathway may present a target for a new class of analgesic agents.
Personalized Speech2Video with 3D Skeleton Regularization and Expressive Body Poses. (2020)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to convert given speech audio to a photo-realistic speaking video of a specific person, where the output video has synchronized, realistic, and expressive rich body dynamics. We achieve this by first generating 3D skeleton movements from the audio sequence using a recurrent neural network (RNN), and then synthesizing the output video via a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN). To make the skeleton movement realistic and expressive, we embed the knowledge of an articulated 3D human skeleton and a learned dictionary of personal speech iconic gestures into the generation process in both learning and testing pipelines. The former prevents the generation of unreasonable body distortion, while the later helps our model quickly learn meaningful body movement through a few recorded videos. To produce photo-realistic and high-resolution video with motion details, we propose to insert part attention mechanisms in the conditional GAN, where each detailed part, e.g. head and hand, is automatically zoomed in to have their own discriminators. To validate our approach, we collect a dataset with 20 high-quality videos from 1 male and 1 female model reading various documents under different topics. Compared with previous SoTA pipelines handling similar tasks, our approach achieves better results by a user study.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Epothilones (2001)

The total synthesis and biological activity of epothilone analogs are described. Selected SAR data indicate the possibility to improve activity and selectivity by structural modifications. The new compounds may help to elucidate the therapeutic potential of this class of anticancer drugs.
Firewall design: consistency, completeness, and compactness (2004)

A firewall is often placed at the entrance of each private network in the Internet. The function of a firewall is to examine each packet that passes through the entrance and decide whether to accept the packet and allow it to proceed or to discard the packet. A firewall is usually designed as a sequence of rules. To make a decision concerning some packets, the firewall rules are compared, one by one, with the packet until one rule is found to be satisfied by the packet: this rule determines the fate of the packet. We present the first ever method for designing the sequence of rules in a firewall to be consistent, complete, and compact. Consistency means that the rules are ordered correctly, completeness means that every packet satisfies at least one rule in the firewall, and compactness means that the firewall has no redundant rules. Our method starts by designing a firewall decision diagram (FDD, for short) whose consistency and completeness can be checked systematically (by an algorithm). We then apply a sequence of five algorithms to this FDD to generate, reduce and simplify the target firewall rules while maintaining the consistency and completeness of the original FDD.
Bright, Coherent, Attosecond Soft X-Ray Harmonics Spanning the Water Window from a Tabletop Source (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. -. Chen, P. Arpin, T. Popmintchev, M. Gerrity, M. Seaberg, B. Zhang, D. Popmintchev, A. Bahabad, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, "Bright, Coherent, Attosecond Soft X-Ray Harmonics Spanning the Water Window from a Tabletop Source," in International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper TuA3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A basic study about multi channel measurement of skin impedance vector loci on the acupuncture points (2005)

Acupuncture points have been found to be points of low electrical resistance compared to the surrounding tissue. The significance and detail of the singular electrical properties of acupuncture points are uncertain at present. In this report, we measured the absolute value and the phase of skin impedance on an acupuncture point and non-acupuncture point at many frequencies and current values. Absolute value, phase and vector loci of skin impedance showed dependencies on the amplitude of applied current. So, we examined how the current dependencies changed according to the test subject and measuring points. As a result, by performing reliable measurement of skin impedance vector loci, we found that the suitable frequency range of applied current to the skin is from 10 to 400 Hz and we need to determine the current value for each measurement. Additionally, we applied those results to 4 channel measurements of the skin impedance vector loci around the acupuncture point under the condition that the room temperature and humidity were kept constant.
Novel polymeric additives for neutralization of acids in engine oils (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel polymeric additives for neutralization of acids in engine oilsAres N. Theodore and Mohinder S. ChatthaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1986, 25, 1, 41–45Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300021a011https://doi.org/10.1021/i300021a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Toward Defining the Functional Relevance of Wnt Signaling in Osteoclasts in Multiple Myeloma. (2006)

Abstract Disruption of Wnt signaling is thought to play a central role in the development of myeloma bone disease. Although Wnt signaling in osteoblasts (OB) is essential for their differentiation and Wnt signaling in OB indirectly regulates osteoclast (OC) development through the regulation of both OPG and RANKL, little is known about the direct role of Wnt signaling in osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we sought to characterize the Wnt signaling pathway and its functional role in OC formation using the macrophage cell line Raw 264.7, which can be induced to differentiate into OC, as well as human primal progenitor osteoclast cells isolated from bone marrow of normal donors and patients with MM. We first analyzed the pattern of Wnt signaling components in these cells by RT-PCR and sequence analysis. High level of expression of Wnt receptors Frizzled (Fz) Fz2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, and co-receptors LRP5, and LRP6, and transcription factors TCF1, TCF3, and LEF1 was observed in 10 of 10 OC cells from MM patients and 4 of 4 OC from normal donors and Raw264.7. Wnt3a conditioned medium and recombinant Wnt3a induced increased levels of total and un-phosphorylated beta-catenin in all cells. Pretreatment of OC cells with sFRP1 decreased Wnt3a induced increased beta-catenin. Pretreatment with DKK1, a specific inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway, blocked Wnt3a induced stabilization of beta-catenin. Additionally, the GSK3beta inhibitor lithium chloride induced stabilization of beta-catenin in OC and Raw264.7 cells in dose-dependent fashion. Wnt-3a induced TCF/LEF transcriptional activity in Raw264.7 cells transfected with TOPflash compared with Raw264.7 transfected with FOPflash, which possess mutant sequence for binding beta-catenin. These results suggest that Wnt signaling functions in primal MM OC cells, as well as OC cell lines. Finally, we sought to determine the biological function of Wnt signaling in OC cells. The results showed that Wnt-3a did not affect the proliferation and survival of OC cells, nor increased formation of TRAP positive cells. Wnt3a did not synergize with RANKL and M-CSF in induction of OC differentiation. Additional biological functional assays are underway to determine the direct role of Wnt signaling on OC. Identification of the role of Wnt signaling in osteoclastogenesis may improve our understanding of the bone lytic process in multiple myeloma.