gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Scientific Applications With SambaNova Reconfigurable Dataflow Architecture (2021)

Our exploratory work finds that the SambaNova Reconfigurable Dataflow Architecture (RDA) along with the SambaFlow software stack provides for an attractive system and solution to accelerate AI for science workloads. We have observed the efficacy of using the system with a diverse set of science applications and reasoned their suitability for performance gains over traditional hardware. As the Data-Scale system provides for a very large memory capacity, the system can be used to train models that typically do not fit in a GPU. The architecture also provides for deeper integration with upcoming supercomputers at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility (ALCF), a US Department of Energy Office of Science user facility, to help advance science insights.
Experiences developing architectures for realizing thin‐client diagram editing tools (2007)

Abstract Diagram‐centric applications such as software design tools, project planning tools and business process modelling tools are usually ‘thick‐client’ applications running as stand‐alone desktop applications. There are several advantages to providing such design tools as Web‐based or even PDA‐ and mobile‐phone‐based applications. These include ease of access and upgrade, provision of collaborative work support and Web‐based integration with other applications. However, building such thin‐client diagram editing tools is very challenging. We have developed several thin‐client diagram editing applications realized as a set of plug‐in extensions to a meta‐tool for visual design environment development. In this paper, we discuss key user interaction and software architecture issues, illustrate examples of interacting with our thin‐client diagram editing tools, describe our design and implementation approaches, and present the results of several different evaluations of the resultant applications. Our experiences will be useful for those interested in developing their own thin‐client diagram editing architectures and applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum Levels of Different Tumour Markers in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (2004)

Of the tumour markers evaluated, only CA 125 seems to be related to the presence and severity of CHF and shows significant changes in response to medical therapy. The biologic and clinical relevance of this observation needs to be defined.
Geometric and Radiometric Calibration of RADARSAT Images (1997)

Interpretation of SAR images in areas with significant relief requires rigorous calibration considering local illuminated area and incidence angle effects if one is to be able to perform meaningful multitemporal analysis using images acquired with different geometries and/or sensors. Given the large swaths made available by RADARSAT, even comparison of the near vs. far range sections of the same image requires such calibration. We present here results from geometric and radiometric calibration of single beam mode RADARSAT SAR images, as applied to data provided under the Application Development and Research Opportunity (ADRO) programme. A high resolution elevation model is used first to terrain-geocode the data from ground range radar coordinates into the reference map coordinate system. Tiepoints are used to coregister both the slow and fasttime axes to a global Earth-centred rotating coordinate system. Radiometric calibration is performed by compensating for effects of local illumi...
A Smart Voltage and Current Monitoring System for Three Phase Inverters Using an Android Smartphone Application (2017)

In this paper, a new smart voltage and current monitoring system (SVCMS) technique is proposed. It monitors a three phase electrical system using an Arduino platform as a microcontroller to read the voltage and current from sensors and then wirelessly send the measured data to monitor the results using a new Android application. The integrated SVCMS design uses an Arduino Nano V3.0 as the microcontroller to measure the results from three voltage and three current sensors and then send this data, after calculation, to the Android smartphone device of an end user using Bluetooth HC-05. The Arduino Nano V3.0 controller and Bluetooth HC-05 are a cheap microcontroller and wireless device, respectively. The new Android smartphone application that monitors the voltage and current measurements uses the open source MIT App Inventor 2 software. It allows for monitoring some elementary fundamental voltage power quality properties. An effort has been made to investigate what is possible using available off-the-shelf components and open source software.
Contrast enhancement of medical images using multiscale edge representation (1994)

Experience suggests the existence of a connection between the contrast of a gray-scale image and the gradient magnitude of intensity edges in the neighborhood where the contrast is measured. This observation motivates the development of edge-based contrast enhancement techniques. We present a simple and effective method for image contrast enhancement based on the multiscale edge representation of images. The contrast of an image can be enhanced simply by stretching or upscaling the multiscale gradient maxima of the image. This method offers flexibility to selectively enhance features of different sizes and ability to control noise magnification. We present some experimental results from enhancing medical images and discuss the advantages of this wavelet approach over other edge-based techniques.
First generation laser-produced plasma source system for HVM EUV lithography (2010)

The 1st generation Laser-Produced Plasma source system "ETS" device for EUV lithography is under development. We report latest status of the device which consists of the original concepts (1) CO<sub>2</sub> laser driven Sn plasma, (2) Hybrid CO<sub>2</sub> laser system that is combination of high speed (>100kHz) short pulse oscillator and industrial cw-CO<sub>2</sub>, (3) Magnetic mitigation, and (4) Double pulse EUV plasma creation. Maximum burst on time power is 69W (100kHz, 0.7 mJ EUV power @ intermediate focus), laser-EUV conversion efficiency is 2.3%, duty cycle is 20% at maximum. Continuous operation time is so far up to 3 hours. Debris is efficiently suppressed by pre-pulse plasma formation and magnetic field mitigation system. Long-term performance is now under investigation. Also future plan is updated.
Integration of Multi-view Panoramic Range Data Using Global Features. (2002)

In this paper, we propose a robust and efficient method to integrate the multi-view panoramic range data using the global features acquired from panorama range data. In our approach, the planes with similar normal vectors are handled as one group, and multiple plane groups are extracted from the multi-view panoramic range data. Next, the transformation (re tation and translation) parameters between viewpoints are estimated by matching the plane groups in multiple viewpoints based on the global statistical features of each plane group. Since our method carries out the integration using the global features of panoramic range data, there is no necessity to consider the initial pe sition, and it is robust to noise. Experimental results on real panoramic range data show the effectiveness of the proposed method. 1
Engineered mycelium composite construction materials from fungal biorefineries: A critical review (2019)

Mycelium composites are an emerging class of cheap and environmentally sustainable materials experiencing increasing research interest and commercialisation in the EU and USA for construction applications. These materials utilise natural fungal growth as a low energy bio-fabrication method to upcycle abundant agricultural by-products and wastes into more sustainable alternatives to energy intensive synthetic construction materials. Mycelium composites have customisable material properties based on their composition and manufacturing process and can replace foams, timber and plastics for applications, such as insulation, door cores, panelling, flooring, cabinetry and other furnishings. Due to their low thermal conductivity, high acoustic absorption and fire safety properties outperforming traditional construction materials, such as synthetic foams and engineered woods, they show particular promise as thermal and acoustic insulation foams. However, limitations stemming from their typically foam-like mechanical properties, high water absorption and many gaps in material property documentation necessitate the use of mycelium composites as non- or semi-structural supplements to traditional construction materials for specific, suitable applications, including insulation, panelling and furnishings. Nonetheless, useful material properties in addition to the low costs, simplicity of manufacture and environmental sustainability of these materials suggest that they will play a significant role in the future of green construction.
Empty peptide-receptive MHC class I molecules for efficient detection of antigen-specific T cells (2019)

The peptide-dependent stability of MHC class I molecules poses a substantial challenge for their use in peptide-MHC multimer-based approaches to comprehensively analyze T cell immunity. To overcome this challenge, we demonstrate the use of functionally empty MHC class I molecules stabilized by a disulfide bond to link the α<sub>1</sub> and α<sub>2</sub> helices close to the F pocket. Peptide-loaded disulfide-stabilized HLA-A*02:01 shows complete structural overlap with wild-type HLA-A*02:01. Peptide-MHC multimers prepared using disulfide-stabilized HLA-A*02:01, HLA-A*24:02, and H-2K<sup>b</sup> can be used to identify antigen-specific T cells, and they provide a better staining index for antigen-specific T cell detection compared with multimers prepared with wild-type MHC class I molecules. Disulfide-stabilized MHC class I molecules can be loaded with peptide in the multimerized form without affecting their capacity to stain T cells. We demonstrate the value of empty-loadable tetramers that are converted to antigen-specific tetramers by a single-step peptide addition through their use to identify T cells specific for mutation-derived neoantigens and other cancer-associated antigens in human melanoma.
Storage of Maize Pollen for Use in Haploid Production of Hexaploid Wheat (1994)

Viability of maize pollen after the drying and freezing process was estimated by its germination on maize silks. Secondly, frequencies of embryo formation were determined in crosses of hexaploid wheat with freeze-stored pollen of maize. Maize pollen germinated at frequencies ranging from 54.2 to 66.60/0 when pollen water content was reduced from 59.0% (fresh) to 9.50/0 . Pollen with a water content of 9.50/0 maintained viability and germinated at a frequency of 22.1% after four weeks of storage at - 80 °C. Embryos were successfully obtained in crosses of wheat with the maize pollen dried to 12.7 and 10.3% water content and stored for 13 weeks at - 80 °C. These embryo formation frequencies were 9.6 and 8.6% respectively. It was 22.2% in crosses with fresh pollen. All regenerated plants were wheat polyhaploids. These results suggest that stored maize pollen can be used for hexaploid wheat haploid production when and where fresh maize pollen is not available.
Axon Guidance Factor SLIT2 Inhibits Neural Invasion and Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer (2014)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasizes by neural, vascular, and local invasion routes, which limit patient survival. In nerves and vessels, SLIT2 and its ROBO receptors constitute repellent guidance cues that also direct epithelial branching. Thus, the SLIT2-ROBO system may represent a key pinch point to regulate PDAC spread. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that escaping from repellent SLIT2-ROBO signaling is essential to enable PDAC cells to appropriate their local stromal infrastructure for dissemination. Through immunohistochemical analysis, we detected SLIT2 receptors ROBO1 and ROBO4 on epithelia, nerves, and vessels in healthy pancreas and PDAC specimens, respectively. SLIT2 mRNA expression was reduced in PDAC compared with nontransformed pancreatic tissues and cell lines, suggesting a reduction in SLIT2-ROBO pathway activity in PDAC. In support of this interpretation, restoring the SLIT2 expression in SLIT2-deficient PDAC cells inhibited their bidirectional chemoattraction with neural cells, and more specifically, impaired unidirectional PDAC cell navigation along outgrowing neurites in models of neural invasion. Restoring autocrine/paracrine SLIT2 signaling was also sufficient to inhibit the directed motility of PDAC cells, but not their random movement. Conversely, RNA interference-mediated silencing of ROBO1 stimulated the motility of SLIT2-competent PDAC cells. Furthermore, culture supernatants from SLIT2-competent PDAC cells impaired migration of endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), whereas an N-terminal SLIT2 cleavage fragment stimulated such migration. In vivo investigations of pancreatic tumors with restored SLIT2 expression demonstrated reduced invasion, metastasis, and vascularization, with opposing effects produced by ROBO1 silencing in tumor cells or sequestration of endogenous SLIT2. Analysis of clinical specimens of PDAC showed that those with low SLIT2 mRNA expression exhibited a higher incidence and a higher fraction of tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes. Taken together, our findings argue that disrupting SLIT2-ROBO signaling in PDAC may enhance metastasis and predispose PDAC cells to neural invasion.
Electronically Cold Microwave Artificial Resistors (1983)

A Iarge percentage of microwave field-effect transistors (FET's) are shown to act as a broad-band artificial resistor with a resistance of about 25 Omega when their drain is connected to their gate. The resistance appears between the gate-drain lead and the source lead. This resistance can be raised to 50 Omega with its reactive components eliminated over a reasonable bandwidth by using a matching transmission line of the proper impedance and a length near a quarter-wave at midband. An HFET- 1000 constructed in this configuration showed an impedance of 18+-3 Omega over an octave bandwidth, and when transformed with a 30-Omega quarter-wave transmission line produced a resistance of 51+-1 Omega from 8 to 13 GHz. A noise analysis shows that, at some frequencies, some FET's in this configuration will produce artificial resistors with an effective noise temperature as low as 67 K.
The Lipid A 1-Phosphatase of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Is Required for Resistance to the Antimicrobial Peptide Polymyxin (2006)

Modification of the phosphate groups of lipid A with amine-containing substituents, such as phosphoethanolamine, reduces the overall net negative charge of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide, thereby lowering its affinity to cationic antimicrobial peptides. Modification of the 1 position of Helicobacter pylori lipid A is a two-step process involving the removal of the 1-phosphate group by a lipid A phosphatase, LpxEHP (Hp0021), followed by the addition of a phosphoethanolamine residue catalyzed by EptAHP (Hp0022). To demonstrate the importance of modifying the 1 position of H. pylori lipid A, we generated LpxEHP-deficient mutants in various H. pylori strains by insertion of a chloramphenicol resistance cassette into lpxEHP and examined the significance of LpxE with respect to cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance. Using both mass spectrometry analysis and an in vitro assay system, we showed that the loss of LpxEHP activity in various H. pylori strains resulted in the loss of modification of the 1 position of H. pylori lipid A, thus confirming the function of LpxEHP. Due to its unique lipid A structure, H. pylori is highly resistant to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin (MIC > 250 microg/ml). However, disruption of lpxEHP in H. pylori results in a dramatic decrease in polymyxin resistance (MIC, 10 microg/ml). In conclusion, we have characterized the first gram-negative LpxE-deficient mutant and have shown the importance of modifying the 1 position of H. pylori lipid A for resistance to polymyxin.
Highly sensitive multichannel spectrometer for subpicosecond spectroscopy in the midinfrared (1994)

A spectrometer system is presented for time-resolved probing in the midinfrared between 5 and 11 microm with a temporal resolution of better than 400 fs. Multichannel detection with HgCdTe detector arrays consisting of ten elements in combination with a high repetition rate permits one to record weak absorbance changes with an accuracy of 0.1 mOD.
The AF4·MLL fusion protein is capable of inducing ALL in mice without requirement of MLL·AF4 (2010)

The chromosomal translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) is the most frequent genetic aberration of the human MLL gene, resulting in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To elucidate the leukemogenic potential of the fusion proteins MLL.AF4 and AF4.MLL, Lin(-)/Sca1(+) purified cells (LSPCs) were retrovirally transduced with either both fusion genes or with MLL.AF4 or AF4.MLL alone. Recipients of AF4.MLL- or double-transduced LSPCs developed pro-B ALL, B/T biphenotypic acute leukemia, or mixed lineage leukemia. Transplantation of MLL.AF4- or mock-transduced LSPCs did not result in disease development during an observation period of 13 months. These findings indicate that the expression of the AF4.MLL fusion protein is capable of inducing acute lymphoblastic leukemia even in the absence of the MLL.AF4 fusion protein. In view of recent findings, these results may imply that t(4;11) leukemia is based on 2 oncoproteins, providing an explanation for the very early onset of disease in humans.
High-Energy All-Solid-State Organic–Lithium Batteries Based on Ceramic Electrolytes (2020)

Recent studies have identified unique properties of organic battery electrode materials such as moderate redox potentials and mechanical softness which are uniquely beneficial for all-solid-state batteries based on ceramic electrolytes. Here, we further explore the promise of organic materials and demonstrate a sulfide electrolyte-based organic-lithium battery with a specific energy of 828 Wh kg–1, rivaling the state-of-the-art of all-solid-state batteries. Two innovation steps are responsible for the accomplishment. First, the combination of lithium anode and the high-capacity cathode material pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone ensures a high theoretical specific energy. Second, the microstructure of the organic cathode is optimized with the introduction of cryomilling, a technique common to processing soft materials but not familiar to electrode fabrication. The cathode material utilization increases to 99.5% as a result, up from the 55–89% previously reported for ceramic electrolyte-based solid-state organic batteries. The improvement highlights the special requirements of solid-state organic electrodes for microstructural engineering while preserving the chemical integrity of components.
Characterization of aluminum and titanium nitride films prepared by reactive sputtering under different poisoning conditions of target (2017)

The authors present an experimental approach to investigate the effect of the target poisoning level on the microstructure, preferred orientation, and composition of aluminum nitride (AlN) and titanium nitride (TiN) films grown on natively oxidized silicon (Si) wafers. Cylindrical aluminum (Al) and titanium targets are reactively sputtered in the poisoning mode using nitrogen as the reactive gas during direct current reactive magnetron sputtering. For each target, the nitride films are deposited during the first 10 min of poisoning and after 60 min of poisoning for 10 min each. Higher substrate temperatures as well as changes in the surface morphology are observed for both AlN and TiN samples prepared after long-term poisoning. After long-term poisoning of Al, the nitrogen content is increased and the preferred crystallographic orientation is changed from [101] to [103]. In the case of TiN, the deposited film is transformed into titanium rich coatings with higher compressive stress and a preferred orientation of [220] after long-term poisoning of the target. It is found that the different target poisoning levels and the corresponding energy of the incident particles influence the properties of the deposited films.
Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 15: In Vivo, in Vitro, in Silico: Designing the Next in Medicine (2007)

Our culture is obsessed with design. Sometimes designers can fuse utility and fantasy to make the mundane appear fresh - a cosmetic repackaging of the same old thing. Because of this, medicine - grounded in the unforgiving realities of the scientific method and peer review, and of flesh, blood, and pain - can sometimes confuse 'design' with mere 'prettifying'. Design solves real problems, however. This collection of papers underwrites the importance of design for the Medicine Meets Virtual Reality community, within three different environments: in vivo, in vitro and in silico. In vivo: we design machines to explore our living bodies. Imaging devices, robots, and sensors move constantly inward, operating within smaller dimensions: system, organ, cell, DNA. In vitro: Using test tubes and Petri dishes, we isolate in vivo to better manipulate and measure biological conditions and reactions. In silico: We step out of the controlled in vitro environment and into a virtual reality. The silica mini-worlds of test tubes and Petri dishes are translated into mini-worlds contained within silicon chips. The future of medicine remains within all three environments: in vivo, in vitro, and in silico. Design is what makes these pieces fit together - the biological, the informational, the physical/material - into something new and more useful.
Patterns of Obesity Development before the Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: The Whitehall II Cohort Study (2014)

Three patterns of obesity changes prior to diabetes diagnosis were accompanied by distinct trajectories of insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic risk factors in a white, British population. While these results should be verified independently, the great majority of patients had modest weight gain prior to diagnosis. These results suggest that strategies focusing on small weight reductions for the entire population may be more beneficial than predominantly focusing on weight loss for high-risk individuals.
Dammarenediol‐II synthase, the first dedicated enzyme for ginsenoside biosynthesis, in <i>Panax ginseng</i> (2006)

Panax ginseng produces triterpene saponins called ginsenosides, which are classified into two groups by the skeleton of aglycones, namely dammarane type and oleanane type. Dammarane-type ginsenosides dominate over oleanane type not only in amount but also in structural varieties. However, their sapogenin structure is restricted to two aglycones, protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol. So far, the genes encoding oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) responsible for formation of dammarane skeleton have not been cloned, although OSC yielding oleanane skeleton (beta-amyrin synthase) has been successfully cloned from this plant. In this study, cDNA cloning of OSC producing dammmarane triterpene was attempted from hairy root cultures of P. ginseng by homology based PCR method. A new OSC gene (named as PNA) obtained was expressed in a lanosterol synthase deficient (erg7) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain GIL77. LC-MS and NMR analyses identified the accumulated product in the yeast transformant to be dammarenediol-II, demonstrating PNA to encode dammarenediol-II synthase.