gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Fiber Communication Systems (1997)

The Communications Toolbox: Introduction. Probability and Random Variables. Some Important Probability Distributions. Signals and Systems. Random Processes. Spectral Analysis. Narrowband Signals and Systems. Elements of Detection Theory. From Light to Signals. Basic Optical Fiber Communications Components: Introduction. The Refractive Index and the Laws of Reflection and Refraction. Total Internal Refraction. Step Index Fibers and Slab Waveguides. Maxwell's Equations in the Slab Waveguide. Even Propagation Modes. Odd Propagation Modes. Number of Modes and Single-Mode Fibers. Phase Velocity. Group Velocity. Attenuation and Dispersion. Dispersion-Shifted and Dispersion-Flattened Fibers. Polarization-Maintaining and Single-Polarization Fibers. The P-N Junction. Single Heterostructure. Double Heterostructure. LED Physical Structure. The LED Rate Equation. LED Output Spectrum. LED Modulation Response. The Fabry-Perot Resonator. Semiconductor Laser Physical Structure. Laser Output Spectrum--Spectral Width and Linewidth. Bragg Reflections. Distributed Feedback (DFB) and Distributed Bragg Reflection (DBR) Lasers. Rate Equations. The Steady-State Solution to the Rate Equations. Laser Modulation--Step Response. Laser Modulation--Sinusoidal Frequency Response. Relative Intensity Noise (RIN), Phase and Frequency Noise, Chirp. Laser Package. The PIN Photodiode. The Avalanche Photodiode, ADP. Basic Binary Optical Communication System: Introduction. System Description. Performance Evaluation. Coherent Systems: Motivations and Basics. Fundamental Receiver Sensitivity--Homodyne Systems. Heterodyne Systems--Synchronous Detection. Heterodyne Systems--Asynchronous Detection. Heterodyne Systems--Weakly Synchronous Detection. Summary and Comparison of Fundamental Sensitivities. Optical Hybrids. Phase Noise and Linewidth. Synchronous Systems. Asynchronous Systems. Weakly Synchronous Systems. How to Deal with Phase Noise--Summary. Polarization Fluctuations. Appendix A--Statistics of Phase Noise to Amplitude Conversion. Appendix B--Evaluation of Averages by Quadrature Rules. Optical Amplifiers: Introduction. Semiconductor Amplifiers. Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier. Comparison of Major SOA and EDFA Characteristics. Other Fiber Amplifiers. Soliton Systems: Intuitive Explanation of Solitons. Advantages of Solitons for Long Distance Transmission. Derivation of Solitons. Amplitude, Duration, Energy, and Power. Higher-Order Solitons. Qualitative Physical Explanation of Solitons. Estimation of Peak Pulse Power Required for Solitons. Fiber Loss and its Compensation. Lumped Amplifiers in Soliton Systems. Polarization Dispersion. Amplified Spontaneous Emission Noise in Soliton Systems. Error Rates in Soliton Systems. Soliton Experiments. Using Recirculating Loops. Wavelength Division Multiplexing with Solitons. Bidirectional Soliton Systems. Sources of Soliton Pulses. Beyond the Gordon-Haus Limit. Multichannel Systems: Introduction. Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM). Wavelength-Division Multiplexing. Subcarrier Multiplexing. Code-Division Multiplexing. Space-Division Multiplexing. Network Issues.
A genetic algorithm approach for the batches delivery optimization in a supply chain (2004)

The aim of this paper is to optimize the scheduling of the transport equipment of a supply chain under the just-in-time setting. A genetic algorithm for the batches delivery scheduling problem is developed to find the optimal sequence of shipments. The due goods have to be transported from a supplier to a final customer according to a predefined set of due dates while the loading capacities of these transport equipments are assumed to be limited.
Structural characterization of enzymatically synthesized dextran and oligosaccharides from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1426 dextransucrase (2013)

Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1426 dextransucrase synthesized a high molecular mass dextran (>2 × 106 Da) with ∼85.5% α-(1→6) linear and ∼14.5% α-(1→3) branched linkages. This high molecular mass dextran containing branched α-(1→3) linkages can be readily hydrolyzed for the production of enzyme-resistant isomalto-oligosaccharides. The acceptor specificity of dextransucrase for the transglycosylation reaction was studied using sixteen different acceptors. Among the sixteen acceptors used, isomaltose was found to be the best, having 89% efficiency followed by gentiobiose (64%), glucose (30%), cellobiose (25%), lactose (22.5%), melibiose (17%), and trehalose (2.3%) with reference to maltose, a known best acceptor. The β-linked disaccharide, gentiobiose, showed significant efficiency for oligosaccharide production that can be used as a potential prebiotic.
Optimally private access control (2013)

Access control based on anonymous credentials allows users to prove to a service provider in a privacy-friendly manner that they possess the credentials required to access a resource. To achieve optimal privacy, the information that service providers can learn from the access control protocol should in principle be just a single event, namely that a user is granted access. However, existing anonymous credential schemes reveal additional information to the service provider such as the identity of the credential issuer, the credential type, and constraints on the attributes of the credential that reveal more than the access decision itself. In addition, the efficiency of selective attribute disclosure is not optimal.
Candidate narrowing for Face Identification Using Facial Expression (2008)

Recently, face authentication becomes a hot topic not only in security system but also in home entertainment field. Since face identification is of non-contact and little psychological resistance one, it can be easily accept by user side. And also we know it is difficult to perform a perfect authentication with and only with a face, so in fact the identification is combined with other authentication method (Ex. password, finger print, voice, etc.), this makes a complex algorithm, and different sensor will increase the cost. So use one CCD camera do candidate narrowing and identification is a good idea. On the other hand, to read the feelings state of human being, the computer recognition of facial expression is researched from long before, and also many fruitful results were achieved. However, the relation between face identification and expression recognition has been hardly examined up to now though these two researches use the same objects(face). This paper has aimed to unite these two researches, and to find a new approach to narrow candidate for face identification.
Kinetic parameters for the elimination reaction catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase and an estimation of the reaction's physiological significance (1991)

Kinetic parameters for triosephosphate isomerase catalysis of the elimination reaction of an equilibrium mixture of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (DGAP) to form methylglyoxal and phosphate ion are reported for the enzyme from rabbit muscle. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the disappearance of substrate (kelim) were determined for reactions at [Enzyme] much greater than [Substrate]. The second-order rate constant kEnz = 10.1 M-1 s-1 was determined from a plot of kelim against enzyme concentration. The kinetic parameters, determined from a steady-state kinetic analysis at [Substrate] much greater than [Enzyme], are kcat = 0.011 s-1, Km = 0.76 mM, and kcat/Km = 14 M-1 s-1. The estimated rate-constant ratio for partitioning of the enzyme-bound intermediate between protonation at carbon 2 and elimination, 1,000,000, is much larger than the ratio of 6.5 determined for the reaction of the enediolate phosphate in a loose complex with quinuclidinonium cation, a small buffer catalyst. There is a 10(5)-10(8)-fold decrease in the rate constant for the elimination reaction of the enediolate phosphate when this species binds to triosephosphate isomerase. The kinetic parameters for the elimination reaction catalyzed by the native triosephosphate isomerase and for the reaction catalyzed by a mutant form of the enzyme, which is missing a segment that forms hydrogen bonds with the phosphate group of substrate [Pompliano, D. L., Peyman, A., & Knowles, J. R. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 3186-3194] are similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Alternative Constitutional Implementation Mechanism? A Case Study of Kenya’s Commission for the Implementation of the Constitution. (2020)

This Paper analyzes the independent implementation commission of Kenya and its work in facilitating the implementation process of the 2010 Kenyan Constitution, and further evaluates the effectiveness of such implementation mechanism. The case study of the Kenyan Constitution implementation shows that an independent implementation commission established by the constitution can have substantially positive impact over the implementation process. To design a successful commission, it is crucial to ensure its institutional independence, legal and enforcement power, and collaboration with civil society.
Miniaturization of omnidirectional circularly polarized antennas (2014)

The paper reports miniaturization of recently introduced planar omnidirectional circularly polarized antennas. The technique relies on folding the antennas patch underneath itself, decreasing overall footprint. The connectivity between layers is provided by vias, enabling cost efficient PCB manufacturing techniques. The average axial ratio in the xz-plane is less than 3 dB in the band of 2.392 to 2.407 GHz. This is better than previously reported antennas of this type.
Expression of biologically active human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) (1996)

Using virus derived from Bombyx mori (silkworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV), we constructed an infectious recombinant virus carrying the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) cDNA placed downstream from the polyhedrin promoter. The BmN cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-GM-CSF expressed recombinant (r)hGM-CSF up to 3.9 x 10(5) colony-formation units/ml in the medium. The maximum activity of rhGM-CSF was 4.3 x 10(6) colony-formation units/ml in the haemolymph of silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae infected with BmNPV-GM-CSF. Three distinct species of GM-CSF of molecular masses 15, 18 and 20 kDa were detected by immunoblotting. The specific activity of rhGM-CSF purified from the haemolymph was up to 2.92 x 10(7) colony-formation units/mg. The isoelectric point of the purified rhGM-CSF was 5.5-5.7.
Inhibiting or potentiating effects of flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. (1986)

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) added to isolated rat hepatocytes produces toxic effects which were assessed by monitoring the release of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT). CBrCl3 was equitoxic with CCl4, while CHCl3 was inactive, suggesting solvent properties not to be involved. The CCl4-mediated toxicity was markedly decreased by carbon monoxide, indicating possible activation by cytochrome P 450. 55 flavonoid compounds were tested for their ability to interfere with CCl4-induced release of ASAT. The compounds are cianidanol, 3-ethers and 3-esters thereof, flavanones, flavanolols, flavones and flavanols. The more hydrophilic compounds inhibit the CCl4-induced toxicity, while the lipophilic derivatives are potentiators. No other structure-activity relationships are apparent. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of action of the compounds and of the validity of the technique as a screening test for hepatotropic agents.
Isotropic <i>Jc-B</i> properties of YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin films containing fine precipitates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1993)

Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x superconducting thin films which have isotropic Jc-B properties were prepared onto SrTiO3 (100) substrates at 700 °C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The Jc did not depend on directions of the field either perpendicular or parallel to the c axis of the films and the films had a high Jc of 6.1×104 and 7.1×104 A/cm2 at 77 K and 5 T perpendicular and parallel to the c axis, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy observation and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicated that the films contained many fine Y2BaCuO5-like precipitates with diameter of ∼10 nm and they were distributed uniformly with the density Np as high as 1023/m3.
A pathway for the metabolism of vitamin D <sub>3</sub> : Unique hydroxylated metabolites formed during catalysis with cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) (2003)

Metabolites of vitamin D3 (D3) (cholecalciferol) are recognized as enzymatically formed chemicals in humans that can influence a wide variety of reactions that regulate a large number of cellular functions. The metabolism of D3 has been extensively studied, and a role for three different mitochondrial cytochrome P450s (CYP24A, CYP27A, and CYP27B1) has been described that catalyze the formation of the 24(OH), 25(OH), and 1(OH) metabolites of D3, respectively. The hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has been most extensively studied and is widely recognized as a regulator of calcium and phosphorous metabolism. Hydroxylated metabolites of D3 interact with the nuclear receptor and thereby influence growth, cellular differentiation, and proliferation. In this article, we describe in vitro experiments using purified mitochondrial cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) reconstituted with the iron-sulfer protein, adrenodoxin, and the flavoprotein, adrenodoxin reductase, and show the NADPH and time-dependent formation of two major metabolites of D3 (i.e., 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 20,22-dihydroxyvitamin D3) plus two unknown minor metabolites. In addition, we describe the metabolism of 7-dehydrocholesterol by CYP11A1 to a single product identified as 7-dehydropregnenolone. Although the physiological importance of these hydroxylated metabolites of D3 and their in vivo formation and mode of action remain to be determined, the rate with which they are formed by CYP11A1 in vitro suggests an important role.
Effects of end-of-range dislocation loops on transient enhanced diffusion of indium implanted in silicon (2000)

Transient enhanced diffusion of indium implanted in silicon is studied in the presence of the end-of-range (EOR) damage layer. To investigate the effect of EOR defects on the indium diffusion, the samples that were implanted with indium at a high dose (1×1013–5×1014/cm2) sufficient to produce the amorphous layer were prepared. Transmission electron microscopy measurements and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry reveal the amorphization threshold of indium implantation is around 5×1013/cm2 for 200 keV, In+115 implanted with 100 μA/cm2 beam current density at room temperature. These results are consistent with Monte Carlo simulation of implantation. Monte Carlo simulations indicate the deviation from the plus one model due to the mass effect of indium. After amorphization, following both RTA at 1000 °C and furnace anneal at low temperature (650 and 850 °C) in nitrogen ambient showed the formation of extrinsic EOR dislocation loops below the original amorphous/crystalline interface. During this process, strong segregation of indium toward the EOR dislocation loops is clearly observed. The profile shift of indium at a concentration of 1×1017 atoms/cm3 is not proportional to the implanted dose. Since most interstitials condense into EOR dislocation loops, diffusivity enhancement of indium is not proportional to the implant dose above amorphization threshold.
Laser exposure of gold nanorods can induce intracellular calcium transients (2013)

Uncoated and poly(styrene sulphonate) (PSS)-coated gold nanorods were taken up by NG108-15 neuronal cells. Exposure to 780 nm laser light at the plasmon resonance wavelength of the gold nanorods was found to induce intracellular Ca(2+) transients. The higher Ca(2+) peaks were observed at lower laser doses, with the highest levels obtained at a radiant exposure of 0.33 J/cm(2) . In contrast, the cells without nanoparticles showed a consistently small response, independent of the laser dose. These initial results open up new opportunities for peripheral nerve regeneration treatments and for more efficient optical stimulation techniques.
High temperature biaxial low cycle fatigue using cruciform specimen. (1988)

This paper describes the low cycle fatigue behavior of 1Cr-1Mo-1/4V and SUS304 cruciform specimens in wide range biaxial stress conditions of -1.0≤φ≤1.0 at high temperatures, where φ denotes the ratio of the minimum principal strain to the maximum principal strain existing on the specimen surface. The detailed description of the newly developed biaxial fatigue testing machine was made, and the biaxial test results were discussed in connection with the biaxial low cycle fatigue parameter. The COD and ther Γ*-plane parameters were most appropriate to express the biaxial fatigue behavior. Also the X-ray diffraction was made in order to examine the damage in biaxial stress states.
Editorial: Breaking the Sound Barrier? Pitfalls and Benefits of Acoustic Cough Monitoring (2012)

Traditionally push-button and symptom diaries have been used to document cough events, especially when examining temporal associations between cough and reflux events. More recently, acoustic devices have allowed more accurate recording of cough events, and compared with the latter traditional techniques reported 6-18 times more coughing. Whether the differences reported between these techniques represents disparities in subject groups or cough detection and quantification methods is unknown. In this issue of the American Journal of Gastroenterology, Kavitt et al. show that listeners of such recordings have a 4-fold increase in odds of recording cough events compared with patients using push-button techniques, and that even when using a 5-min window to assess temporal concordance/discordance, over 70% of coughs were not reported by the patients. These observations have potential significant implications when assessing temporal associations between cough and reflux, and thus any clinical decision making based on these data. This editorial examines both the findings of Kavitt et al. and discusses the pitfalls and benefits of validated accurate documentation of cough.
Reactive Distillation for Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis: Simulation-Based Design Methodology Using Aspen Plus (2010)

In a series of earlier papers, it has been shown through simulations in Aspen Plus that reactive distillation (RD) is feasible for Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) [Srinivas et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 4710−4718]. The flexibility offered by changing parameters such as reflux ratio, etc. has also been investigated through parametric studies [Srinivas et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 4719−4730]. As an extension of the previous works, a methodology is now proposed to design a RD column for FTS in Aspen Plus, utilizing the kinetic and thermodynamic models reported previously. Slurry reactor simulations are performed initially to form a design basis and a simple RD column is configured. This is followed by catalyst redistribution, addition of coolers, nonreactive stages, and side draws. The methodology is illustrated step-by-step for three examples in a systematic manner. The possibility of multiple designs, expected difficulties in execution, and limitations of the algorithm are discussed.
The McGraw-Hill Telecommunications Factbook (1992)

Aimed at telecommunications staff - both technical and marketing - as well as all non-technical managers who need to make informed telecommunications decisions, this overview of the telecommunications industry features in-depth coverage of systems, equipment and networks. Blending current and emerging technologies with bottom line business applications, the Factbook is designed to help business people gain the essential knowledge they need to select telecommunications services that provide the greatest benefit at the lowest cost. All the material is simply and clearly explained to: familiarize readers with industry-standard terminology; build a working knowledge of telecommunications systems, applications, and management; and furnish information essential for the preparation of technical specifications, requests for proposals, and life-cycle support documents. The Factbook prepares readers to successfully manage and participate in the planning, acquisition, operation, and control of major telecommunications projects with jump-start coverage of PBX, Centrex/CPE, and KTS products; network services from both a design and implementation standpoint; comparison information on media types, applications, and topologies; and in-depth information on call coverage and processing techniques, including call distribution, interactive voice response, and voice messaging systems and applications.
Very-high-frequency lowpass filter based on a CMOS active inductor (2003)

An all-transistor lowpass biquad based on an active inductor for operation up to several gigahertz is presented. A convenient parasitic notch near the passband edge sharpens the transition band. The filter can be tuned via biasing and on-chip varactors. Higher order filters can be constructed by simple direct cascading of the second-order blocks. A fifth-order filter example is designed and simulated in TSMC 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, with cutoff frequency at 4.57 GHz and passband ripple less than 1 dB.
Virtual CSU-CHILL Radar: The VCHILL (2005)

Abstract The Virtual CHILL (VCHILL) system makes it possible to transfer the educational and research experience of the Colorado State University dual polarization radar to remote locations over the Internet. The VCHILL operation includes remote control of radar and display of radar images, as well as the ability to locally process high-bandwidth radar data transferred over data networks. The low-bandwidth VCHILL operation allows the distant users to access the archived and real-time data estimated at the radar site and simultaneously display them on their local systems. A parallel receiver was developed exclusively for the high-bandwidth VCHILL. End-system architectures were designed to accommodate the demands of the high-bandwidth VCHILL operations in real time. A graphic user interface was also developed with the objective of easy installation and usage at various end-user institutions. The VCHILL not only expands the education experience provided by the radar system, but also stimulates the development of innovative research applications for atmospheric remote sensing. The VCHILL is being used by several universities for research and education.
Short-Term Exposure of Multipotent Stromal Cells to Low Oxygen Increases Their Expression of CX3CR1 and CXCR4 and Their Engraftment In Vivo (2007)

The ability of stem/progenitor cells to migrate and engraft into host tissues is key to their potential use in gene and cell therapy. Among the cells of interest are the adherent cells from bone marrow, referred to as mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent stromal cells (MSC). Since the bone marrow environment is hypoxic, with oxygen tensions ranging from 1% to 7%, we decided to test whether hypoxia can upregulate chemokine receptors and enhance the ability of human MSCs to engraft in vivo. Short-term exposure of MSCs to 1% oxygen increased expression of the chemokine receptors CX3CR1and CXCR4, both as mRNA and as protein. After 1-day exposure to low oxygen, MSCs increased in vitro migration in response to the fractalkine and SDF-1alpha in a dose dependent manner. Blocking antibodies for the chemokine receptors significantly decreased the migration. Xenotypic grafting into early chick embryos demonstrated cells from hypoxic cultures engrafted more efficiently than cells from normoxic cultures and generated a variety of cell types in host tissues. The results suggest that short-term culture of MSCs under hypoxic conditions may provide a general method of enhancing their engraftment in vivo into a variety of tissues.