gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic duct cell carcinomas express high levels of high mobility group I(Y) proteins. (2000)

The high mobility group I (HMGI) family of proteins in mammals belongs to a group of nonhistone nuclear proteins known as architectural transcriptional factors. They function in vivo as both structural components of chromatin and auxiliary gene transcription factors. In an earlier study (N. Abe et al, Cancer Res., 59: 1169-1174, 1999), we demonstrated that the expression level of the HMGI(Y) gene/proteins was significantly increased in colorectal adenocarcinoma and colorectal adenoma with severe cellular atypia. In the current study, we analyzed HMGI(Y) expression in several human pancreatic lesions to investigate (a) whether HMGI(Y) overexpression is also observed in pancreatic carcinoma, and (b) the role of HMGI(Y) in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms. To this end, HMGI(Y) expression was determined at the protein level by immunohistochemistry using a HMGI(Y)-specific antibody in 6 surgically resected specimens of nonneoplastic tissue (4 specimens of normal pancreatic tissue and 2 specimens of chronic pancreatitis tissue), 8 pancreatic cystic neoplasms (5 intraductal papillary mucinous adenomas, 1 serous cystadenoma, and 2 solid pseudopapillary tumors), and 15 duct cell carcinomas of the pancreas. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed intense nuclear staining in the pancreatic carcinoma cells, whereas only very faint nuclear staining was seen in the nonneoplastic cells. There was a strong correlation between HMGI(Y) protein overexpression and a diagnosis of carcinoma (P = 0.000018). Thus, an increased expression level of the HMGI(Y) proteins was clearly associated with the malignant phenotype in pancreatic tissue. In addition, a low level of protein expression was also apparent in two of the cystic neoplasms that exhibited cellular atypia, but not in those that did not exhibit cellular atypia. Based on these findings, we propose that the HMGI(Y) proteins could be closely associated with tumorigenesis in the pancreas and that HMGI(Y) could serve as a potential diagnostic molecular marker for distinguishing pancreatic malignancies unambiguously from normal tissue or benign lesions.
Elections and public polling: Will the media get online polling right? (2002)

Abstract Public survey research came in for much criticism during the 2000 elections. The greatest controversy centered on the flawed data coming from the Voter News Service exit polls in Florida. For the long run, however, a more important issue concerned the validity and media reporting of surveys conducted online. Most online surveys are pseudo‐polls, whose findings have no merit and should not be reported by the media. Their value is entertainment only. The fundamental problems with online surveys are that the samples drawn are unrepresentative of the population as a whole and the participants are self‐selected. Two survey firms are trying to resolve the issue of sampling errors, using fundamentally different strategies, and spending enormous sums of money to create truly representative panels. The 2000 election results showed that online polling, done right, can be even more accurate than traditional telephone surveys. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multiresolution edge detection using enhanced fuzzy c-means clustering for ultrasound image speckle reduction (2014)

A new wavelet-based EFCM clustering model was introduced toward noise reduction and detail preservation. The proposed method improves the overall US image quality, which in turn could affect the decision-making on whether additional imaging and/or intervention is needed.
Effect of adenosine analogues and cAMP-raising agents on TNF-, GM-CSF–, and chemotactic peptide–induced degranulation in single adherent neutrophils (1992)

Adenosine and adenosine analogues are potent inhibitors of the respiratory burst in neutrophils. Most investigators, however, have found little or no effect of these compounds on neutrophil degranulation from cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils in suspension. We have instead investigated the effect of adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine on degranulation in adherent neutrophils in the absence of cytochalasin B. Both adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine were effective inhibitors of lactoferrin secretion induced by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of less than 10(-6) M]. Secretion induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was inhibited only at high concentrations (IC50 of approximately 10(-4) M). In the presence of cytochalasin B no inhibitory effect of 2-chloroadenosine was seen. The effect of cAMP-raising agents on secretion from adherent neutrophils was also investigated. Dibutyryl cAMP at 0.2 mM reduced secretion in response to fMLP by 50% but did not inhibit TNF- and GM-CSF-induced degranulation. At a concentration of 2.0 mM dibutyryl cAMP also inhibited exocytosis in response to the two cytokines. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) at 300 microM reduced fMLP-induced degranulation, whereas a concentration of 1 mM was required to inhibit TNF- and GM-CSF-mediated secretion. The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (50 microM) alone did not inhibit secretion in response to TNF or fMLP. However, in combination with IBMX (300 microM), forskolin (50 microM) reduced both TNF- and fMLP-induced secretion to less than 10%. PMA-induced exocytosis was unaffected by all these agents. In conclusion, adenosine appears to be an effective inhibitor of neutrophil granule protein secretion induced by fMLP but only a weak inhibitor of exocytosis in response to TNF or GM-CSF. Secretion in response to fMLP was also found to be more susceptible to a rise in cAMP than degranulation induced by TNF and GM-CSF.
A Boolean approach to performance-directed technology mapping for LUT-based FPGA designs (1996)

This paper presents a novel Boolean approach to LUT-based FPGA technology mapping targeting high performance. At the core of the approach, we have developed a powerful functional decomposition algorithm. The impact of decomposition is enhanced by a preceding collapsing step. To decompose functions for small depth and area, we present an iterative, BDD-based variable partitioning procedure. The procedure optimizer the variable partition for each bound set size by iteratively exchanging variables between bound set and free set, and finally selects a good bound set size. Our decomposition algorithm extracts common subfunctions of multiple-output functions and thus further reduces area and the maximum interconnect lengths. Experimental results show that our new algorithm produces circuits with significantly smaller depths than other performance-oriented mappers. This advantage also holds for the actual delays after placement and routing.
Mechanical Simulators for Training for Laparoscopic Surgery in Urology (2007)

Training in laparoscopic surgery has become an important topic, not only in learning a procedure, but also in maintaining skills and preparing for the management of complications. For these purposes, mechanical simulators will definitely play an important role in the future.
4-Methylumbelliferyl glucuronide contributes to hyaluronan synthesis inhibition (2019)

4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) inhibits hyaluronan (HA) synthesis and is an approved drug used for managing biliary spasm. However, rapid and efficient glucuronidation is thought to limit its utility for systemically inhibiting HA synthesis. In particular, 4-MU in mice has a short half-life, causing most of the drug to be present as the metabolite 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (4-MUG), which makes it remarkable that 4-MU is effective at all. We report here that 4-MUG contributes to HA synthesis inhibition. We observed that oral administration of 4-MUG to mice inhibits HA synthesis, promotes FoxP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T-cell expansion, and prevents autoimmune diabetes. Mice fed either 4-MUG or 4-MU had equivalent 4-MU:4-MUG ratios in serum, liver, and pancreas, indicating that 4-MU and 4-MUG reach an equilibrium in these tissues. LC-tandem MS experiments revealed that 4-MUG is hydrolyzed to 4-MU in serum, thereby greatly increasing the effective bioavailability of 4-MU. Moreover, using intravital 2-photon microscopy, we found that 4-MUG (a nonfluorescent molecule) undergoes conversion into 4-MU (a fluorescent molecule) and that 4-MU is extensively tissue bound in the liver, fat, muscle, and pancreas of treated mice. 4-MUG also suppressed HA synthesis independently of its conversion into 4-MU and without depletion of the HA precursor UDP-glucuronic acid (GlcUA). Together, these results indicate that 4-MUG both directly and indirectly inhibits HA synthesis and that the effective bioavailability of 4-MU is higher than previously thought. These findings greatly alter the experimental and therapeutic possibilities for HA synthesis inhibition.
Exosomal Lipids Impact Notch Signaling and Induce Death of Human Pancreatic Tumoral SOJ-6 Cells (2012)

Exosomes are of increasing interest as alternative mode of cell-to-cell communication. We previously reported that exosomes secreted by human SOJ-6 pancreatic tumor cells induce (glyco)protein ligand-independent cell death and inhibit Notch-1 pathway, this latter being particularly active during carcinogenesis and in cancer stem cells. Therefore, we asked whether exosomal lipids were key-elements for cell death and hypothesized that cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains were privileged sites of exosome interactions with tumor cells. To address these questions and based on the lipid composition of exosomes from SOJ-6 cells (Ristorcelli et al. (2008) FASEB J. 22; 3358-3369) enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin (lipids forming liquid-ordered phase, Lo) and depleted in phospholipids (lipids forming liquid-disordered phase, Ld), we designed Synthetic Exosome-Like Nanoparticles (SELN) with ratios Lo/Ld from 3.0 to 6.0 framing that of SOJ-6 cell exosomes. SELN decreased tumor cell survival, the higher the Lo/Ld ratio, the lower the cell survival. This decreased survival was due to activation of cell death with inhibition of Notch pathway. FRET analyses indicated fusions/exchanges of SELN with cell membranes. Fluorescent SELN co-localized with the ganglioside GM1 then with Rab5A, markers of lipid microdomains and of early endosomes, respectively. These interactions occurred at lipid microdomains of plasma and/or endosome membranes where the Notch-1 pathway matures. We thus demonstrated a major role for lipids in interactions between SELN and tumor cells, and in the ensued cell death. To our knowledge this is the first report on such effects of lipidic nanoparticles on tumor cell behavior. This may have implications in tumor progression.
A Hybrid Method for Image Taxonomy: Using CAPTCHA for Collaborative Knowledge Acquisition (2006)

We present a new method for image taxonomy. Our formulation shows how the combination of automated metadata-based analysis and knowledge-acquisition tools can help build better image search applications. We build on top of existing metadata-based techniques to image taxonomy and combine them to human assistance, in order to guarantee some minimal level of semantic soundness. Knowledge from humans is acquired thru their interaction with CAPTCHAs, which application is shown here in an innovative way. We believe this new application of CAPTCHA is a promising opportunity for knowledge acquisition because it takes advantage of a very special moment: since humans are willing to take a CAPTCHA test to access some resource, it might be possible to take advantage of this moment to extract meaning from human’s response to the CAPTCHA test, in a collaborative fashion.
Generation of Inhibitory DNA Aptamers Against Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor (2005)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a multifunctional cytokine, can act on many cell types. It is involved in cancer growth and metastasis by enhancing the motility of cancer cells and stimulating angiogenesis. The development of effective inhibitors for HGF is an important issue in cancer therapy. In this study, we isolated DNA aptamers against human HGF using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment method. The selected DNA aptamers had a highly conserved consensus sequence, and could be divided into two major classes (classes I and II). The consensus motif of classes I and II might contribute to the formation of a hairpin loop structure and a G-quartet structure, respectively. These DNA aptamers bound to human HGF with high affinity and specificity. The dissociation constants of typical aptamers H38-15 and H38-21, representative of the two classes, were calculated to be approximately 20 nM. H38-15 and H38-21 inhibited the biological activities of HGF including the stimulation of scattering, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer KP-3 cells. Furthermore, both aptamers inhibited HGF-induced tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results suggested that the isolated DNA aptamers will be useful as therapeutic and diagnostic reagents for cancers.
Implementation of virtual synchronous generator with an Improved Hardware Structure in PV-based microgrids (2016)

Frequency stability problem in microgrid attracts much attention with increasing penetration of the intermittent and fluctuating renewable energy. Conventional microgrid control strategy in steady state can balance power difference between sources and loads by storages or robust power grids, and hence grid frequency is maintained stable. However, due to lack of inertia in power electronic converters, characteristics of dynamic response in microgrid is neglected and thus causing problems in power system stability. Therefore, the concept of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is proposed to solve the problem. In most available schemes of VSG, renewable energy and energy storages are combined and controlled through a dc-dc converter, which are connected to a dc-bus of inverter. The scheme is easy for imitation of synchronous generator (SG) due to their similar hardware structure, but increases complexity of hardware implementation with extra design of combined photovoltaic-storage system and lacks flexibility and reliability. In this paper, a new structure and corresponding control strategy are proposed for implementation of VSG in photovoltaic generation, where photovoltaic arrays and storages are connected to microgrid ac-bus through separate inverters. With the proposed scheme, photovoltaic inverter operates in voltage control mode and the integral system behaves like a SG, which enhances performance of VSG in flexibility and reliability. The proposed strategy is verified in simulation.
Group 6 Dihapto-Coordinate Dearomatization Agents for Organic Synthesis (2017)

This review covers publications ranging from 2005 to 2017 concerning the organic reactions of aromatic ligands η<sup>2</sup>-coordinated to tungsten or molybdenum and the use of these reactions in the synthesis of novel organic substances. An emphasis is placed on C-C bond-forming reactions using conventional building blocks of organic synthesis such as acetals, enolates, Michael acceptors, acylating reagents, and activated aromatics. Substrates activated by the metal include arenes, pyridines, pyrroles, pyrimidines, furans, and thiophenes. General reactivity patterns are elucidated, as well as stereochemical preferences. These trends are compared to those of osmium and rhenium forebears as well as to the reactivity patterns of other methods of stoichiometric transition-metal-based dearomatization (i.e., η<sup>6</sup>-arene complexes).
Photoaffinity labeling of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. 2. Identification of peptides in the nucleotide binding domain (1989)

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (terminal transferase) was specifically modified in the nucleotide binding site by the substrate photoaffinity analogue [gamma-32P]-8-azido-dATP. The alpha and beta polypeptides of photolabeled terminal transferase were resolved by high-performance liquid chromatography. The beta polypeptide was digested with trypsin and fractionated by reverse-phase chromatography. Two 32P-containing fractions were isolated and subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. Peptides were identified as Ile209-Lys232 (B26) and Val233-Lys239 (B27). Peptide B26 was further resolved into two overlapping species; one contained an additional lysine residue at the N-terminus which resulted from tryptic cleavage between Lys207 and Lys208. In order to ensure that the sequenced peptides corresponded to the photolabeled species, we devised an anion-exchange procedure to isolate photolabeled peptides from the mixture. Analysis of photolabeled peptides from terminal transferase alpha beta using DEAE-cellulose chromatography followed by reverse-phase HPLC confirmed that the photolabeled species were peptides B26 and B27. Peptide B26, the major photolabeled species, contained a conserved octapeptide region found in several eucaryotic DNA polymerases. In addition, peptide B27 was flanked by a sequence that has been implicated in triphosphate binding in other proteins. Structure predictions, based on sequence data, place the two peptides identified by photolabeling in spatial proximity consistent with the participation of both in the nucleotide binding domain.
Feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: A review of a novel non-invasive cardiac imaging technique (2017)

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early diagnostic markers are gaining popularity for better patient care disease outcomes. There is an increasing interest in noninvasive cardiac imaging biomarkers to diagnose subclinical cardiac disease. Feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a novel post-processing technique that is increasingly being employed to assess global and regional myocardial function. This technique has numerous applications in structural and functional diagnostics. It has been validated in multiple studies, although there is still a long way to go for it to become routine standard of care.
A Continuous Aerosol Therapy System Utilizing a Modified Collision Nebulizer, (1976)

A Collision nebulizer was incorporated into an exposure system to administer antiviral compounds as continuous aerosols to mice infected by influenza virus. The nebulizer was modified to control aerosol output by varying the liquid feed-rate. A multiple regression equation was developed from data obtained with uranine dye to define the aerosol concentration in the system as a function of the concentration of the test solution and the rate at which it was aerosolized. The rate of change of the concentration of the test solution due to evaporative losses was also ascertained for a 1 ml/min feed-rate over a 23.5-period of operation. Procedures are outlined for using these relationships to determine the concentration of a solution that will result in a given dose. Performance data for the drug ribavirin are presented. (Author)
MAJOR FIELD STUDY COMPARES PIPELINE SCC WITH COATINGS (1992)

A 6 year field study by TransCanada PipeLines Ltd. (TCPL) of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) on its natural gas pipeline system has yielded important information about the origins and occurrance of SCC. This paper reports that the study was prompted by three 1986 in-service line failures attributable to SCC. Whether during service or TCPL's subsequent testing, SCC failures have occurred only in Class 1 locations (little or no human population). More populated areas on TCPL's system are protected by use of heavier wall pipe which consequently has greater flaw tolerance. SCC, which in some cases led to both in-service or test ruptures, was detected under both polyethylene tape coated and asphalt-coated pipeline section.
A 2.4-to-5.2fJ/conversion-step 10b 0.5-to-4MS/s SAR ADC with charge-average switching DAC in 90nm CMOS (2013)

In this paper, a 10b 0.5-to-4MS/s asynchronous SAR ADC is proposed and prototyped in 90nm CMOS. The supply voltage is scaled down appropriately (0.4 to 0.7V) for different speeds to minimize power consumption of SAR control and switching energy. Moreover, a charge average switching (CAS) DAC is developed to reduce the switching energy of the DAC without an extra voltage reference and common-mode shift. In near-threshold operation with a scaled-down supply, a double-boosted sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit and a local-boosted switch are implemented for the linearity and accuracy requirements of the 10b ADC.
P‐97: Advantages of Coat‐Debond Technology for Flexible Display (2016)

Coat‐debond technology using two kinds of debonding layers (DBL), with or without metal sub‐layer, was applied to 450 °C LTPS process. It was shown that the technology had multiadvantages and suitable for mass production offlexible display.
Lower Bounds on the Correlation Property for OFDM Sequences with Spectral-Null Constraints (2011)

Sequences with specific autocorrelation (AC) and cross-correlation (CC) properties are crucial components in radar and wireless communications. In this paper, we derive the theoretical bounds on the AC and CC for OFDM sequences with constraints of spectral nulls, e.g., the mandatory nulls on the DC sub-carrier and guardbands in OFDM systems. The bounds and trade-off limits are provided for the properties of sequences, including the peak AC and CC levels, the cardinality of the sequence set, the sequence length, and the temporal length of the low correlation zone. We also investigate the trade-offs of correlations among sequence sets. The presented trade-off limits can serve as guidelines for applications where the performance measures or design criteria are related to the peak AC and CC levels.
Purinogenic immunodeficiency diseases: selective toxicity of deoxyribonucleosides for T cells. (1978)

Deoxyadenosine at low concentrations and in the presence of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) is markedly toxic to lymphoblast cell lines of T cell origin but does not impair growth of B cell lines. Deoxyguanosine is also more toxic for T lymphoblasts. In the presence of deoxyadenosine or deoxyguanosine, elevation of the corresponding deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dATP or dGTP) occurs in T cell, but not in B cell, lines. The addition of deoxycytidine or dipyridamole results in lower dATP and dGTP levels and prevents deoxyribonucleoside toxicity. These findings provide a molecular basis for the immunodeficiency observed in individuals with several inborn errors of purine metabolism.
Medical Chronobiology: Concepts and Applications (1993)

Chronobiology is the study of biologic rhythms and biologic time structure. Medical chronobiology, in particular, is concerned with circadian (24-h) and other bioperiodic influences on human diseases such as (1) their occurrence or variation in severity over the 24-h or other time scale, (2) response of patients to diagnostic procedures and tests and, (3) the effect of medical treatments. The symptoms of chronic diseases--allergic rhinitis, regular and variant type angina, rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, asthma, epilepsy, hypertension and ulcer disease, for example, commonly exhibit circadian, menstrual cycle (in women), and seasonal patterns. The life-threatening events of myocardial and cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage also exhibit predictable-in-time patterns over 24 h and the year. In the clinic, bioperiodicities strongly influence the results of blood pressure assessment, cutaneous antigen testing and spirometric evaluation, to mention but a few. Bodily rhythms also affect the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of medications. A major goal of medical chronobiology is chronotherapeutics, the optimization of pharmacotherapies, taking into consideration rhythm-dependencies in the kinetics and dynamics of medications plus predictable-in-time variability in the manifestation and severity of human disease. The concepts of medical chronobiology are discussed in detail herein. Examples have been chosen for their relevance to clinical allergy and chest medicine.