gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Matrix Touch Sensor Perceiving Liquid Crystal Capacitance with Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistors (2010)

An active matrix touch sensor is integrated into a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. The sensor is composed of a liquid crystal capacitor and a sensing circuit with amorphous silicon thin film transistors (a-Si TFTs). The change in sensor capacitance when the sensor is touched is converted into current change by the sensing circuit in the pixel. The proposed touch sensor is pressure-sensitive enough to work at an external push force of 10 gf. The simplified sensing circuit also gives an improved aperture ratio over that in previous work.
Use of a Whole Genome Approach To Identify Vaccine Molecules Affording Protection against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Infection (2001)

Microbial targets for protective humoral immunity are typically surface-localized proteins and contain common sequence motifs related to their secretion or surface binding. Exploiting the whole genome sequence of the human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, we identified 130 open reading frames encoding proteins with secretion motifs or similarity to predicted virulence factors. Mice were immunized with 108 of these proteins, and 6 conferred protection against disseminated S. pneumoniae infection. Flow cytometry confirmed the surface localization of several of these targets. Each of the six protective antigens showed broad strain distribution and immunogenicity during human infection. Our results validate the use of a genomic approach for the identification of novel microbial targets that elicit a protective immune response. These new antigens may play a role in the development of improved vaccines against S. pneumoniae.
A Systematic Benchmarking Analysis of Transfer Learning for Medical Image Analysis (2021)

Transfer learning from supervised ImageNet models has been frequently used in medical image analysis. Yet, no large-scale evaluation has been conducted to benchmark the efficacy of newly-developed pre-training techniques for medical image analysis, leaving several important questions unanswered. As the first step in this direction, we conduct a systematic study on the transferability of models pre-trained on iNat2021, the most recent large-scale fine-grained dataset, and 14 top self-supervised ImageNet models on 7 diverse medical tasks in comparison with the supervised ImageNet model. Furthermore, we present a practical approach to bridge the domain gap between natural and medical images by continually (pre-)training supervised ImageNet models on medical images. Our comprehensive evaluation yields new insights: (1) pre-trained models on fine-grained data yield distinctive local representations that are more suitable for medical segmentation tasks, (2) self-supervised ImageNet models learn holistic features more effectively than supervised ImageNet models, and (3) continual pre-training can bridge the domain gap between natural and medical images. We hope that this large-scale open evaluation of transfer learning can direct the future research of deep learning for medical imaging. As open science, all codes and pre-trained models are available on our GitHub page https://github.com/JLiangLab/BenchmarkTransferLearning.
EGaIn‐Assisted Room‐Temperature Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles for Stretchable, Inkjet‐Printed, Thin‐Film Electronics (2018)

Coating inkjet-printed traces of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink with a thin layer of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) increases the electrical conductivity by six-orders of magnitude and significantly improves tolerance to tensile strain. This enhancement is achieved through a room-temperature "sintering" process in which the liquid-phase EGaIn alloy binds the AgNP particles (≈100 nm diameter) to form a continuous conductive trace. Ultrathin and hydrographically transferrable electronics are produced by printing traces with a composition of AgNP-Ga-In on a 5 µm-thick temporary tattoo paper. The printed circuit is flexible enough to remain functional when deformed and can support strains above 80% with modest electromechanical coupling (gauge factor ≈1). These mechanically robust thin-film circuits are well suited for transfer to highly curved and nondevelopable 3D surfaces as well as skin and other soft deformable substrates. In contrast to other stretchable tattoo-like electronics, the low-cost processing steps introduced here eliminate the need for cleanroom fabrication and instead requires only a commercial desktop printer. Most significantly, it enables functionalities like "electronic tattoos" and 3D hydrographic transfer that have not been previously reported with EGaIn or EGaIn-based biphasic electronics.
Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Glycoconjugate Vaccines against Group B<i>Streptococcus</i>Types VI and VIII (1999)

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) types VI and VIII are prevalent among serotypes isolated from pregnant women in Japan. Maternal vaccination with a safe and effective GBS vaccine has been proposed as a rational approach to prevent neonatal GBS disease. Because antibody specific for the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigens of GBS is protective, vaccines were developed with purified type VI and VIII CPS coupled to tetanus toxoid. In rabbits the newly synthesized conjugate vaccines elicited high-titered, type-specific antibody that was opsonically active in vitro. Moreover, litters born to mice actively vaccinated with the conjugate vaccines, in contrast to uncoupled CPS or saline, were protected against an ordinarily lethal challenge of GBS of homologous serotype. GBS types VI and VIII conjugate vaccines of the design presented may be important components of a multivalent GBS vaccine for use in regions where these serotypes predominate.
56GHz waveguide Ge/Si avalanche photodiode (2018)

We report a waveguide Ge/Si APD with ultra-high 3dB-bandwidths: 56GHz with a 1310nm responsivity of 1.08A/W and 36GHz with a 1310nm responsivity of 6A/W, which, to our knowledge, are the best performance among all reported APD devices.
Interferon receptor expression regulates the antiproliferative effects of interferons on cancer cells and solid tumors (2004)

In addition to antiviral effects, Type I interferons (IFN) have potent antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Because of these properties IFNs have been evaluated as therapeutics for the treatment of a number of human diseases, including cancer. Currently, IFNs have been shown to be efficacious for the treatment of only a select number of cancers. The reason for this is unclear. Recent evidence has demonstrated that some cancer cell types seem to be defective in their ability to respond to IFN. It has been suggested that defects in IFN signaling is one mechanism by which cancer cells escape responsiveness to Type I IFNs and growth control in general. We report that transfection and enhanced expression of the Type I IFN receptor chain (IFNAR2c) in 3 different human cancer cell lines markedly increases the sensitivity of these cells to the antiproliferative effects of IFNs. In cancer cells transfected with IFNAR2c, dose response curves demonstrate a significant decrease in the concentrations of IFN required to achieve maximum cell death. Furthermore, in these transfected cells, we observe a significant increase in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis, as measured by DNA fragmentation and Caspase 3 activation. In addition, using an in vivo xenograft tumor model we show an increase in the effectiveness of systemically delivered Betaseron in decreasing tumor burden in animals in which solid tumors were generated from IFNAR2c transfected cells. These data show that specific regulation of IFN receptor expression can play a major role in determining the clinical outcome of IFN-based cancer therapeutics by regulating the relative sensitivity of cancer cells to IFN-dependent growth control.
Pharmacological Inhibition of the Protein Kinase MRK/ZAK Radiosensitizes Medulloblastoma (2016)

Medulloblastoma is a cerebellar tumor and the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Radiotherapy is part of the standard care for this tumor, but its effectiveness is accompanied by significant neurocognitive sequelae due to the deleterious effects of radiation on the developing brain. We have previously shown that the protein kinase MRK/ZAK protects tumor cells from radiation-induced cell death by regulating cell-cycle arrest after ionizing radiation. Here, we show that siRNA-mediated MRK depletion sensitizes medulloblastoma primary cells to radiation. We have, therefore, designed and tested a specific small molecule inhibitor of MRK, M443, which binds to MRK in an irreversible fashion and inhibits its activity. We found that M443 strongly radiosensitizes UW228 medulloblastoma cells as well as UI226 patient-derived primary cells, whereas it does not affect the response to radiation of normal brain cells. M443 also inhibits radiation-induced activation of both p38 and Chk2, two proteins that act downstream of MRK and are involved in DNA damage-induced cell-cycle arrest. Importantly, in an animal model of medulloblastoma that employs orthotopic implantation of primary patient-derived UI226 cells in nude mice, M443 in combination with radiation achieved a synergistic increase in survival. We hypothesize that combining radiotherapy with M443 will allow us to lower the radiation dose while maintaining therapeutic efficacy, thereby minimizing radiation-induced side effects. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1799-808. ©2016 AACR.
Clinical characteristics of patients with spinocerebellar ataxias 1, 2, 3 and 6 in the US; a prospective observational study (2013)

The proportions of different SCA patients in US differ from those in the European consortium study, but as in the European patients, SCA1 progress faster than those with SCA2, 3 and 6. Later onset in SCA6 and greater upper body ataxia in SCA2 were noted. We conclude that progression rates of these SCAs were comparable between US and Europe cohorts, suggesting the feasibility of international collaborative clinical studies.
Diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer by magnetic resonance spectroscopy of fine-needle aspirates analysed using a statistical classification strategy (2001)

The pathology, nodal involvement and tumour vascular invasion were predicted by computerized statistical classification of the proton MRS spectrum from a fine-needle aspirate biopsy taken from the primary breast lesion.
Simplified-traditional Chinese character conversion based on multi-data resources: Towards a fused conversion algorithm (2011)

In recent years, communication between Chinese communities in different parts of the world has been on a constant increase. However, between the traditional Chinese character used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, and the simplified Chinese character used in mainland China and Singapore, extensive differences in both formation and usage may result in unexpected hindrance in verbal communications. Though there are already a lot of conversion methods from researchers and industry companies, the precisions are still not high enough for professional usage especially on one-to-many cases. To solve this seemingly technical but actually linguistically-related problem, this paper proposes a new priority-based multi-data resources management model. With this model, conversion can be more context-sensitive, human controllable, and thus more reliable. A new algorithm called Fused Conversion Algorithm from Multi-Data resources (FCMD) is also presented. This algorithm incorporates the advantages of reverse maximum matching and N-Gram-based statistical model to render the system more responsive to contextual nuances. After parameter training on a huge LDC corpus, the conversion precision of the proposed method reaches 90.2% on one-to-many cases, which are the most difficult part in Chinese character conversion, with an overview precision rate at 99.7%. Its experimental performance in terms of precision and efficiency promises a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art models.
The Use of Ozone in Dentistry and Medicine (2005)

A previous paper, recently published in Primary Dental Care, gave an overview of the medical uses of ozone and outlined some of its uses in dentistry. The current paper focuses on a description of use of ozone in the management of root caries and considers recent studies in this area. There has been relatively limited research into the non-invasive (pharmaceutical) management of root caries. The best management strategy still remains to be developed. Initial studies have indicated that an application of ozone for a period of either 10 or 20 seconds is capable of clinically reversing leathery root carious lesions. It is suggested that, subject to confirmation from extensive trials, this simple and non-invasive technique may benefit many patients with root caries throughout the world since this approach to treat root caries can easily be employed in primary care clinics and in the domiciliary treatment of home-bound elderly people and immobile patients in hospices and hospitals.
Copolymerization of Ethylene and Acrylates by Nickel Catalysts (2003)

Ethylene/acrylate copolymerizations can be carried out with α- diimine nickel complexes and with other nickel catalysts with productivities significantly higher than those previously reported with palladium. The key factor in enabling this reaction with the nickel catalysts is the use of higher temperatures and, to some extent, higher pressures. The effect of varying the ligand substituents and the reaction parameters is discussed along with details regarding scouting procedures, copolymer characterization, and the reaction mechanism. Details regarding the synthesis and reactivity of new phosphine-based nickel catalysts are also given.
Remarkable extension of PAI-1 half-life surprisingly brings no changes to its structure (2011)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is a serpin protein, a natural inhibitor of urokinase (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activators (tPA). By inhibiting uPA it can block growth of the cancer tumors by suppressing angiogenesis, while when acting on tPA in the blood it can avert conversion of plasminogen to plasmin preventing lysis of the clot. Furthermore, blocking PAI-1 activity can protect against thrombosis. Thus PAI-1 makes great impact on human homeostasis and is desirable for clinical application. Wild-type PAI-1 (wt-PAI-1) has a short span of activity with a t1/2 of ~2 h, being spontaneously converted into a latent form. An enormous effort has been made to create a more stable molecule with >600 PAI-1 variants constructed to study its structure-function relationship. In the present study, we evaluate the structure of the active recombinant VLHL-PAI-1 (very long half life, active >700 h) which is glycosylated similarly to wt-PAI-1 at N232 and N288, with the extended reactive center loop, intact engineered -S-S-bridge (Q174C, G323C) that precludes latency without affecting structure, and can be controlled by a reducing agent to terminate activity at will. We have already proven its usefulness to control cancer in human cancer cells, as well as preventing clot lysis in human whole blood and plasma and in a mouse model. Our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic applications (topical or systemic) of this protein in the treatment of cancer, for the trauma patients to ward off an excessive blood loss, or for people with the PAI-1 deficiency, especially during surgery.
Semantic Resizing of Charts Through Generalization: A Case Study with Line Charts (2021)

Inspired by cartographic generalization principles, we present a generalization technique for rendering line charts at different sizes, preserving the important semantics of the data at that display size. The algorithm automatically determines the generalization operators to be applied at that size based on spatial density, distance, and the semantic importance of the various visualization elements in the line chart. A qualitative evaluation of the prototype that implemented the algorithm indicates that the generalized line charts preserved the general data shape, while minimizing visual clutter. We identify future opportunities where generalization can be extended and applied to other chart types and visual analysis authoring tools.
Acoustic feedback cancellation in hearing aids (1993)

The authors describe a maximum phase cancellation scheme for hearing aids that prevents acoustic oscillations. In this scheme, the open-loop phase delay in the primary audio frequency region is cancelled to the largest extent possible. At the same time, the magnitude response of the new open-loop transfer function outside the primary audio frequency region is suppressed by using negative feedback. The use of both these techniques increases the stability and the maximum usable gain of the overall hearing aid system. Computer simulations, using real measured data, were used to confirm the results.< <ETX>></ETX>
Detection of Cerebral Microbleeds in <scp>MR</scp> Images Using a <scp>Single‐Stage</scp> Triplanar Ensemble Detection Network (TPE‐Det) (2022)

1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
Development of a Computerized Method for Identifying View Position and Orientation for Chest Radiographs by Using a Template Matching Technique (2002)

For implementation of computer-aided diagnostic systems for chest radiographs in the clinical environment, it is necessary to correctly identify two view positions [posteroanterior (PA) and lateral views] and four orientations (upward, downward, leftward, and rightward) for chest radiographs. In picture archiving and communication system (PACS), the information on the view position and orientation for chest radiographs is often not recorded or is recorded incorrectly. The purpose of this study was to develop a computerized method for correctly identifying view position and orientation for chest radiographs by using a template matching technique. Our basic approach is to find the most similar template to an unknown chest image by examining the similarity of the unknown chest image with a number of templates for PA and lateral views at the four image orientations, and to determine simultaneously the view position and orientation for the unknown chest image. All upward templates were produced from the PA or lateral images for upward orientation for various patient sizes. By rotating the upward templates, we produced the templates for downward, leftward, and rightward orientations. To evaluate the similarity of a test image with all templates, the cross-correlation values of the test image with all templates were obtained. The view position and image orientation for the unknown image was considered to be identical to those for the template with which the largest cross-correlation value was obtained. Our results indicated that all cases of 200 PA and 200 lateral views were correctly identified in terms of the view position and image orientation.
Electrolytes for Room-Temperature Rechargeable Fluoride Shuttle Batteries (2022)

An electrolyte capable of operating at room temperature has been developed for fluoride shuttle batteries, which are regarded as a promising type of high energy density batteries. This electrolyte uses a reasonably priced and widely available potassium salt called potassium bifluoride (KHF2) as the source of fluoride ions, propylene carbonate, which has a high dielectric constant, as the solvent, and the 18-crown-6 ether, which is capable of dissolving potassium salts, as an additive. The ionic conductivity of this electrolyte reaches 1.72 mS cm–1, which is sufficient to enable the operation of fluoride shuttle batteries. The charge/discharge test results using the bismuth fluoride (BiF3) electrode showed a discharge capacity of 263 mAh g–1 and a charge capacity of 184 mAh g–1. By the measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the state of the fluoride ions in the electrolyte is determined to be [(FH)F]−. It is considered that hydrogen fluoride (HF) generated by the equilibration reactions of [(FH)F]− dissolves metal fluorides that act as the active material of the electrodes, creating a mechanism that enhances the redox reaction of the metal fluorides.
Redundant data and exact helical cone-beam reconstruction (2004)

This paper is about helical cone-beam reconstruction and the use of redundant data in the framework of two reconstruction methods. The first method is the approximate wedge reconstruction formula introduced by Tuy at the 3D meeting in 1999. The second method is a (exact) hybrid implementation of the exact filtered backprojection formula of Katsevich (2004 Adv. Appl. Math. at press) that combines filtering in the native cone-beam geometry with backprojection in the wedge geometry. The similarity of the two methods is explored and their image quality performance is compared for geometries with up to 112 detector rows. Furthermore, the concept of aperture weighting is introduced to allow the handling of variable amounts of redundant data. A reduction of motion artefacts using redundant data is demonstrated for geometries with 16, 32 and 112 detector rows using a pitch factor of 1.25. For scans with up to 100 rows, utilizing 50% of the redundant data provided excellent results without any introduction of cone-beam artefacts. For larger cone angles, an alternative approach that utilizes all available redundant data, even at reduced pitch factors, is suggested.
N-Propargylglycine: a unique suicide inhibitor of proline dehydrogenase with anticancer activity and brain-enhancing mitohormesis properties (2021)

Proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) is a mitochondrial inner membrane flavoprotein critical for cancer cell survival under stress conditions and newly recognized as a potential target for cancer drug development. Reversible (competitive) and irreversible (suicide) inhibitors of PRODH have been shown in vivo to inhibit cancer cell growth with excellent host tolerance. Surprisingly, the PRODH suicide inhibitor N-propargylglycine (N-PPG) also induces rapid decay of PRODH with concordant upregulation of mitochondrial chaperones (HSP-60, GRP-75) and the inner membrane protease YME1L1, signifying activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR<sup>mt</sup>) independent of anticancer activity. The present study was undertaken to address two aims: (i) use PRODH overexpressing human cancer cells (ZR-75-1) to confirm the UPR<sup>mt</sup> inducing properties of N-PPG relative to another equipotent irreversible PRODH inhibitor, thiazolidine-2-carboxylate (T2C); and (ii) employ biochemical and transcriptomic approaches to determine if orally administered N-PPG can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, essential for its future use as a brain cancer therapeutic, and also potentially protect normal brain tissue by inducing mitohormesis. Oral daily treatments of N-PPG produced a dose-dependent decline in brain mitochondrial PRODH protein without detectable impairment in mouse health; furthermore, mice repeatedly dosed with 50 mg/kg N-PPG showed increased brain expression of the mitohormesis associated protease, YME1L1. Whole brain transcriptome (RNAseq) analyses of these mice revealed significant gene set enrichment in N-PPG stimulated neural processes (FDR p < 0.05). Given this in vivo evidence of brain bioavailability and neural mitohormesis induction, N-PPG appears to be unique among anticancer agents and should be evaluated for repurposing as a pharmaceutical capable of mitigating the proteotoxic mechanisms driving neurodegenerative disorders.