gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling for Distribution Optimization of Senior High School Telephone Booths (2023)

Due to the policy of the Ministry of Education, many senior high schools in China have constructed some telephone booths. However, the survey found that the distribution of telephone booths in senior high school is irrational. Previous studies focused on the humanized design of telephone booths and the 0-1 planning optimization of charging pile location, but there were few studies on optimizing the distribution of phone booths in campus. It is necessary to optimize the distribution of telephone booths in senior high schools to facilitate students' life and save students' time. In this paper, Qingdao No. 2 Middle School in Shandong Province is taken as an example. Firstly, according to the previous research on 0-1 programming model, the number of people and demand in the distribution area of telephone booths in the campus are scored, and the scoring matrix is formed. Then 0-1 programming modeling was carried out and solved with Matlab. Finally, the optimal construction point to be built is obtained.
A Particle Modeling for Rendering Irregular Volumes (2008)

In this paper, we describe a particle modeling technique for rendering irregular volume datasets. It is well known that the memory bandwidth consumed by visibility sorting becomes the limiting factor when carrying out volume rendering of large irregular volume datasets. Previously we proposed a volume rendering without the visibility-sort, which represents a given irregular volume dataset as a set of opaque and emissive particles and projects particle into sub-pixels. In our original technique, the resulting image cannot be comparable to the volume ray-casting image with an adequate sub-pixel size since the size of a particle was not explicitly specified. To solve these problems, we introduce a particle size which is identical to the sub-pixel size to estimate the accurate particle density. To confirm its effectiveness, we applied our proposed technique to large irregular volume datasets, and made clear that the image quality is improved with the decrease of the particle size, theoretically and experimentally.
A technique to detect books from library bookshelf image (2013)

In this paper, we present a technique to recognize books from library bookshelf images. The proposed technique includes several modules such as - noise removal, bookshelf row detection and book detection and extraction from bookshelf. Firstly, the image is filtered for noise removal and edges are detected. The proposed technique counts the number of pixels of every candidate for horizontal lines on the edge detected image and compares the value with a threshold. Elected lines are extended which creates some horizontal lines segmenting the image into different portions. These individual portions are considered as bookshelf row regions of the bookshelf and each of them is passed into the book detection module for further processing. Applying vertical line detection in the manner of horizontal line detection method on the segmented regions is not adequate to detect a book from shelf row because of the angular orientation of book arrangements. The proposed technique detects books arranged in different angular orientation on a shelf and differentiates between the book and non-book components based on some properties of the book shape. Experimental results show that the proposed technique is capable of extracting bookshelf rows and detecting individual books from library bookshelf image successfully.
Electrically Tunable Room Temperature Hysteresis Crossover in Underlap MoS$_2$ FETs (2020)

Clockwise to anti-clockwise hysteresis crossover in current-voltage transfer characteristics of field effect transistors (FETs) with graphene and MoS$_2$ channels holds significant promise for non-volatile memory applications. However such crossovers have been shown to manifest only at high temperature. In this work, for the first time, we demonstrate room temperature hysteresis crossover in few-layer MoS$_2$ FETs by using a gate-drain underlap design to induce a differential response from traps at the MoS$_2$-HfO$_2$ channel-gate dielectric interface to applied gate bias. The appearance of interface trap-driven anti-clockwise hysteresis at high gate voltages in underlap FETs can be unambiguously attributed to the presence of an underlap since transistors with and without the underlap region were fabricated on the same MoS$_2$ channel flake. The underlap design also enables room temperature tuning of the anti-clockwise hysteresis window (by 140$\times$) as well as the crossover gate voltage (by 2.6$\times$) with applied drain bias and underlap length. Comprehensive measurements of the transfer curves in ambient and vacuum conditions at varying sweep rates and temperatures (RT, 45 $^\circ$C and 65 $^\circ$C) help segregate the quantitative contributions of adsorbates, interface traps, and bulk HfO$_2$ traps to the clockwise and anti-clockwise hysteresis.
Active Site Plasticity of a Computationally Designed Retro‐Aldolase Enzyme (2014)

Abstract RA110 is a computationally designed retro‐aldolase enzyme that utilizes amine catalysis to convert 4‐hydroxy‐4‐(6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthyl)‐2‐butanone to 6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthaldehyde and acetone. The original design accelerated substrate cleavage by a factor of 12 000 over background, and its activity was subsequently increased more than a thousand‐fold by directed evolution. The X‐ray structure of the evolved catalyst covalently modified with a 1,3‐diketone inhibitor deviates substantially from the design model, however, with the ligand adopting a completely different orientation than predicted. Moreover, significant activity was maintained even after relocation of the reactive lysine within the apolar binding pocket. These results suggest that the success of the original design is not ascribable to atomically accurate molecular recognition, but rather to successful placement of a reactive lysine adjacent to an apolar binding pocket. Nevertheless, the stabilizing interactions observed at the active site of the evolved variant suggest that improvements in the precision of design calculations will afford enzymes with higher catalytic activities.
Division algorithm over <i>GF</i> (2 <i> <sup>m</sup> </i> ) (1998)

A new division algorithm over GF(2m) is presented. The serial-in, parallel-out structure is independent of the defining polynomial of the field, and uses operands represented in canonical basis. Because of its regularity and simplified control structure, the resulting divider is hardware efficient and suitable for VLSI implementation.
Formation of intramolecular exciplexes in electrogenerated chemiluminescence. 2 (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of intramolecular exciplexes in electrogenerated chemiluminescence. 2Mikio Kawai, Kingo Itaya, and Shinobu ToshimaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 19, 2368–2374Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100456a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100456a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Calculation of the isoelectric points of native proteins with spreading of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values (1995)

The isoelectric points (pI) of native proteins are important in several separation techniques. For estimating pI values the net charge of several proteins was calculated versus pH by use of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Amino acid composition, pKa values for amino acid side chains and for the N- and C-terminal groups, and the presence of other charged groups were taken into account. A set of pKa values was chosen for amino acid residues with ionizable side chains. Each particular type of ionizable group was assumed to have pKa values distributed around the chosen value, thereby simulating the situation in proteins and polypeptides. The calculated pI values showed reasonably good agreement with experimental ones for most of 16 native proteins over a wide pH range (3.4-11) when charge contributions of heme groups, sialic acid residues, etc., were taken into account. The calculated pI for the human red cell glucose transporter (Glut1) with one sialic acid residue was decreased from 8.8 to 8.5 by introducing pKa value spreading and became consistent with the experimental pI value of 8.4 +/- 0.05 at 15 degrees C determined in the presence of 6 M urea. The pI of the native Glut1 was lower, 8.0 +/- 0.1, at 22 degrees C. In general, the pI values for native proteins are affected by the three-dimensional structure of the proteins, which causes greater differences between calculated and experimental pI values than in the case of polypeptides for which pI values are determined in the presence of urea.
The hoffmann reflex: methodologic considerations and applications for use in sports medicine and athletic training research. (2004)

The H-reflex is a valuable tool to evaluate neurologic function in various populations. However, because of the sensitivity of this measurement to extraneous factors, care must be taken when eliciting the H-reflex. We discuss recommendations on how to elicit the H-reflex and how to appropriately present methods in a manuscript.
The serum protein renalase reduces injury in experimental pancreatitis (2017)

Acute pancreatitis is a disease associated with inflammation and tissue damage. One protein that protects against acute injury, including ischemic injury to both the kidney and heart, is renalase, which is secreted into the blood by the kidney and other tissues. However, whether renalase reduces acute injury associated with pancreatitis is unknown. Here, we used both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> murine models of acute pancreatitis to study renalase's effects on this condition. In isolated pancreatic lobules, pretreatment with recombinant human renalase (rRNLS) blocked zymogen activation caused by cerulein, carbachol, and a bile acid. Renalase also blocked cerulein-induced cell injury and histological changes. In the <i>in vivo</i> cerulein model of pancreatitis, genetic deletion of renalase resulted in more severe disease, and administering rRNLS to cerulein-exposed WT mice after pancreatitis onset was protective. Because pathological increases in acinar cell cytosolic calcium levels are central to the initiation of acute pancreatitis, we also investigated whether rRNLS could function through its binding protein, plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4b (PMCA4b), which excretes calcium from cells. We found that PMCA4b is expressed in both murine and human acinar cells and that a PMCA4b-selective inhibitor worsens pancreatitis-induced injury and blocks the protective effects of rRNLS. These findings suggest that renalase is a protective plasma protein that reduces acinar cell injury through a plasma membrane calcium ATPase. Because exogenous rRNLS reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis, it has potential as a therapeutic agent.
Size-dependent ordering and Curie temperatures of FePt nanoparticles (2008)

The analytic models for size-dependent ordering and Curie temperatures of FePt nanoparticles have been proposed in terms of the size-dependent melting temperature. It is found that the order-disorder transition temperature TO and Curie temperature TC decrease with decreasing the particle size D, and the drop becomes dramatic once the size decreases to about 3 and 6 nm below for TO and TC, respectively. Moreover, the suppression in TC(D) is nearly twice as large as that in TO(D) when D is in the range of 5–20 nm. The accuracy of the developed model is verified by the recent experimental and computer simulation results.
MONITOROLOGY – THE ART OF OBSERVING THE WORLD (2022)

We focus on the art of observing the world by electronic devices such as sensors and meters that, in general, we call monitors. We also define main monitoring objectives and pose five challenges for effective and efficient monitoring that still need a lot of research. In the era where compute power like electricity is easily available and easy to use across the globe, and big data is generated in enormous amounts at ever-increasing rates, the question, what to monitor and how, will become ever more relevant to save the world from flood of meaningless, dumb data, leading frequently to false conclusions and wrong decisions whose impact may range from a minor inconvenience to loss of lives and major disasters.
Recurrent Mossy Fibers Establish Aberrant Kainate Receptor-Operated Synapses on Granule Cells from Epileptic Rats (2005)

Glutamatergic mossy fibers of the hippocampus sprout in temporal lobe epilepsy and establish aberrant synapses on granule cells from which they originate. There is currently no evidence for the activation of kainate receptors (KARs) at recurrent mossy fiber synapses in epileptic animals, despite their important role at control mossy fiber synapses. We report that KARs are involved in ongoing glutamatergic transmission in granule cells from chronic epileptic but not control animals. KARs provide a substantial component of glutamatergic activity, because they support half of the non-NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory drive in these cells. KAR-mediated EPSC(KA)s are selectively generated by recurrent mossy fiber inputs and have a slower kinetics than EPSC(AMPA). Therefore, in addition to axonal rewiring, sprouting of mossy fibers induces a shift in the nature of glutamatergic transmission in granule cells that may contribute to the physiopathology of the dentate gyrus in epileptic animals.
Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis L.</i>) Extract as a Potential Complementary Agent in Anticancer Therapy (2015)

Cancer remains an important cause of mortality nowadays and, therefore, new therapeutic approaches are still needed. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been reported to possess antitumor activities both in vitro and in animal studies. Some of these activities were attributed to its major components, such as carnosic acid, carnosol, ursolic acid, and rosmarinic acid. Initially, the antitumor effects of rosemary were attributed to its antioxidant activity. However, in recent years, a lack of correlation between antioxidant and antitumor effects exerted by rosemary was reported, and different molecular mechanisms were related to its tumor inhibitory properties. Moreover, supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Food and Safety Authority, specific compositions of rosemary extract were demonstrated to be safe for human health and used as antioxidant additive in foods, suggesting the potential easy application of this agent as a complementary approach in cancer therapy. In this review, we aim to summarize the reported anticancer effects of rosemary, the demonstrated molecular mechanisms related to these effects and the interactions between rosemary and currently used anticancer agents. The possibility of using rosemary extract as a complementary agent in cancer therapy in comparison with its isolated components is discussed.
High Level of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Tears: A Bridge of Patients with Concomitant Exotropia and Dry Eye (2021)

Concomitant exotropia have obvious symptoms of eye discomfort in adults, and the presence of ocular surface inflammation in patients may be important mediators between concomitant exotropia and dry eye. Oculus Keratograph eye comprehensive analyzer was performed to detect noninvasive tear break time, noninvasive tear height, and eye red index, while the ocular surface disease index and schirmer I testing were made. The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-12P70, INF-<i>γ</i>, and TNF-<i>α</i> were detected in tears in patients with concomitant exotropia and healthy controls matched by age and gender through the Simoa technology. IL-6 was significantly higher in patients with concomitant exotropia (4.683 ± 1.329) pg/mL than that in normal group (1.455 ± 0.391) pg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.0304. TNF-<i>α</i> was also significantly higher in patients (0.2095 ± 0.0703) pg/mL than normal group (0.0513 ± 0.0149) pg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.0397. The levels of inflammatory factors in strabismic patients vs. normal controls were as follows: IL-17A (0.1551 pg/mL︰0.0793 pg/mL), IL-10 (0.3358 pg/mL︰0.0513 pg/mL), IL-12p70 (0.0253 pg/mL︰0.0099 pg/mL), and INF-<i>γ</i> (0.0284 pg/mL︰0.009 pg/mL) were detected, and the median of them in concomitant strabismus was 1.96-6.55-fold as much as the control group. High levels of inflammatory cytokines in tears of patients with concomitant exotropia, which may be a potentially factor promoted the occurrence of dry eye in the patients with concomitant exotropia.
Analyzing cellulose degree of polymerization and its relevancy to cellulosic ethanol (2011)

Abstract The degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose in cellulosic biomass and how it changes during enzymatic and chemical transformations has remained a fundamental property of interest to numerous researchers. Currently, with increased interest in cellulosic biofuels, more attention is being focused on determining changes in cellulose DP before and during pre‐treatment, as well as the effect of DP on enzymatic deconstruction of cellulose to glucose. Different sources of celluloses from woody and non‐woody biomass have been isolated and the DP has been frequently examined as a key parameter contributing to efficient biomass deconstruction. The isolation and derivatization/dissolution of cellulose are crucial steps in determining cellulose DP. This review summarizes approaches to measuring DP developed over the past six decades and highlights opportunities for further improvements. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Quantitation of estolide triglycerides in sapium seeds by high performance liquid chromatography with infrared detection (1983)

Abstract The kernel oil of Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum) seed contains tetraester triglycerides composed of trans ‐2, cis‐4‐decadienoic acid joined in an estolide linkage to 8‐hydroxy‐5, 6‐octadienoic acid. A rapid (< 10 min) method of separation and quantitation of the tri‐glyceride and estolide triglyceride fractions of the oil has been devel‐oped using high performance liquid chromatography with infrared detection.
Characterization of a Cellulase Containing a Family 30 Carbohydrate-Binding Module (CBM) Derived from <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> CelJ: Importance of the CBM to Cellulose Hydrolysis (2003)

Clostridium thermocellum CelJ is a modular enzyme containing a family 30 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and a family 9 catalytic module at its N-terminal moiety. To investigate the functions of the CBM and the catalytic module, truncated derivatives of CelJ were constructed and characterized. Isothermal titration calorimetric studies showed that the association constants (K(a)) of the CBM polypeptide (CBM30) for the binding of cellopentaose and cellohexaose were 1.2 x 10(4) and 6.4 x 10(4) M(-1), respectively, and that the binding of CBM30 to these ligands is enthalpically driven. Qualitative analyses showed that CBM30 had strong affinity for cellulose and beta-1,3-1,4-mixed glucan such as barley beta-glucan and lichenan. Analyses of the hydrolytic action of the enzyme comprising the CBM and the catalytic module showed that the enzyme is a processive endoglucanse with strong activity towards carboxymethylcellulose, barley beta-glucan and lichenan. By contrast, the catalytic module polypeptide devoid of the CBM showed negligible activity toward these substrates. These observations suggest that the CBM is extremely important not only because it mediates the binding of the enzyme to the substrates but also because it participates in the catalytic function of the enzyme or contributes to maintaining the correct tertiary structure of the family 9 catalytic module for expressing enzyme activity.
Wavelength-Dependent Hot Electron Relaxation in PVP Capped CdS/HgS/CdS Quantum Dot Quantum Well Nanocrystals (2004)

Subpicosecond pump−probe transient absorption spectroscopy has been used to examine the probe wavelength-dependent kinetics of PVP capped CdS/HgS/CdS quantum dot quantum well nanoparticles. Using 398- and 520-nm excitations, the relaxation of the excited hot electrons above the band gap state is characterized by both rapid electronic nonradiative relaxation and slower thermal relaxation processes. The wavelength dependence of both the fast rise and fast decay of the transient bleach is discussed in terms of electronic relaxation processes involving mixed CdS/HgS states at short probe wavelengths or pure HgS states at long probe wavelengths. The slow decay of the transient bleach is discussed in terms of a thermal relaxation process leading to the dissipation of heat from the hot nanoparticle lattice to the surrounding medium.
Identification of intrinsic and reflex contributions to human ankle stiffness dynamics (1997)

We have examined dynamic stiffness at the human ankle using position perturbations which were designed to provide a wide-bandwidth input with low average velocity. A parallel-cascade, nonlinear system identification technique was used to separate overall stiffness into intrinsic and reflex components. Intrinsic stiffness was described by a linear, second-order system similar to that demonstrated previously. Reflex stiffness dynamics were more complex, comprising a delay, a unidirectional rate-sensitive element and then lowpass dynamics. Reflex mechanisms were found to be most important at frequencies of 5-10 Hz. The gain and dynamics of reflex stiffness varied strongly with the parameters of the perturbation, the gain decreasing as the mean velocity of the perturbation increased. Under some conditions, torques generated by reflex mechanisms were of the same magnitude as those from intrinsic mechanisms. It is concluded that reflex stiffness can be large enough to be important functionally, but that its effects will depend strongly upon the particular conditions.