gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WaveCycleGAN: Synthetic-to-natural speech waveform conversion using cycle-consistent adversarial networks (2018)

We propose a learning-based filter that allows us to directly modify a synthetic speech waveform into a natural speech waveform. Speech-processing systems using a vocoder framework such as statistical parametric speech synthesis and voice conversion are convenient especially for a limited number of data because it is possible to represent and process interpretable acoustic features over a compact space, such as the fundamental frequency (F0) and mel-cepstrum. However, a well-known problem that leads to the quality degradation of generated speech is an over-smoothing effect that eliminates some detailed structure of generated/converted acoustic features. To address this issue, we propose a synthetic-to-natural speech waveform conversion technique that uses cycle-consistent adversarial networks and which does not require any explicit assumption about speech waveform in adversarial learning. In contrast to current techniques, since our modification is performed at the waveform level, we expect that the proposed method will also make it possible to generate `vocoder-less' sounding speech even if the input speech is synthesized using a vocoder framework. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can 1) alleviate the over-smoothing effect of the acoustic features despite the direct modification method used for the waveform and 2) greatly improve the naturalness of the generated speech sounds.
<i>Something from nothing</i> (2000)

In this paper, we describe Rasa: an environment designed to augment, rather than replace, the work habits of its users. These work habits include drawing on Post-it™ notes using a symbolic language. Rasa observes and understands this language, assigning meaning simultaneously to objects in both the physical and virtual worlds. With Rasa, users rollout a paper map, register it, and move the augmented objects from one place to another on it. Once an object is augmented, users can modify the meaning represented by it, ask questions about that representation, view it in virtual reality, or give directions to it, all with speech and gestures. We examine the way Rasa uses language to augment objects, and compare it with prior methods, arguing that language is a more visible, flexible, and comprehensible method for creating augmentations than other approaches.
<title>Silicon bulk micromachined vibratory gyroscope for microspacecraft</title> (1996)

This paper reports on the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of a novel silicon bulk micromachined vibratory rate gyroscope and a 3-axes rotation sensing system using this new type of microgyroscopes designed for microspacecraft applications. The new microgyroscope consists of a silicon four leaf clover structure with a post attached to the center. The whole structure is suspended by four thin silicon cantilevers. This device is electrostatically actuated and detects Coriolis induced motions of the leaves capacitively. A prototype of this microgyroscope has a rotation responsivity (scale factor) of 10.4 mV/deg/sec with scale factor nonlinearity of less than 1%, and a minimum detectable noise equivalent rotation rate of 90 deg/hr, at an integration time of 1 second. The bias stability of this microgyroscope is better than 29 deg/hr. The performance of this microgyroscope is limited by the electronic circuit noise and drift. Planned improvements in the fabrication and assembly of the microgyroscope will allow the use of Q-factor amplification to increase the sensitivity of the device by at least two to three orders of magnitude. This new vibratory microgyroscope offers potential advantages of almost unlimited operational life, high performance, extremely compact size, low power operation, and low cost for inertial navigation and altitude control.
Efficient two-write WOM-codes (2010)

A Write Once Memory (WOM) is a storage medium with binary memory elements, called cells, that can change from the zero state to the one state only once. Examples of WOMs are punch cards, optical disks, and more recently flash memories. A t-write WOM-code is a coding scheme for storing t messages in n cells in such a way that each cell can change its value only from the zero state to the one state. The WOM-rate of a t-write WOM-code is the ratio of the total amount of information written to the WOM in t writes to the number of cells. In this paper we present a family of 2-write WOM-codes. It is shown how to construct from each linear code C a 2-write WOM-code. Then, we find 2-write WOM-codes that improve the best known WOM-rate with two writes. This scheme is proved to be capacity achieving when the parity check matrix of the linear code C is chosen uniformly at random. Finally, we show how to take advantage of 2-write WOM-codes in order to construct codes for the Blackwell channel.
Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope with integrated wide-field retinal imaging and tracking (2010)

We have developed a new, unified implementation of the adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) incorporating a wide-field line-scanning ophthalmoscope (LSO) and a closed-loop optical retinal tracker. AOSLO raster scans are deflected by the integrated tracking mirrors so that direct AOSLO stabilization is automatic during tracking. The wide-field imager and large-spherical-mirror optical interface design, as well as a large-stroke deformable mirror (DM), enable the AOSLO image field to be corrected at any retinal coordinates of interest in a field of >25 deg. AO performance was assessed by imaging individuals with a range of refractive errors. In most subjects, image contrast was measurable at spatial frequencies close to the diffraction limit. Closed-loop optical (hardware) tracking performance was assessed by comparing sequential image series with and without stabilization. Though usually better than 10 μm rms, or 0.03 deg, tracking does not yet stabilize to single cone precision but significantly improves average image quality and increases the number of frames that can be successfully aligned by software-based post-processing methods. The new optical interface allows the high-resolution imaging field to be placed anywhere within the wide field without requiring the subject to re-fixate, enabling easier retinal navigation and faster, more efficient AOSLO montage capture and stitching.
3D Liver Shear Wave Absolute Vibro-Elastography with an xMATRIX Array - A Healthy Volunteer Study (2018)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), which quantitatively measures shear modulus over a volume, provides an accurate imaging-based fibrosis staging comparable to biopsy. While ultrasound-based elastography methods for liver fibrosis staging have been developed, they are confined to a 1D or a 2D region of interest and to a limited depth. We present a novel matrix array implementation of the 3D Shear Wave Absolute Vibro-Elastography (S-WAVE)and validate its performance. We use an EPIQ 7G ultrasound machine with an X6-1 xMATRIX transducer (Philips Healthcare, Bothell, WA)to sample tissue motion and reconstruct the elasticity map in 3D. The system was validated for a liver tissue phantom against measurements obtained with transient elastography (FibroScan, Echosens), ultrasound point quantification shear wave elastography (ElastPQ, Philips), 2D shear wave imaging (ElastQ, Philips)and MRE. With ethics approval, five healthy volunteers were imaged with MRE and S-WAVE, and the results indicate that S-WAVE with xMATRIX produces comparable results with MRE.
Novel cholecystokinin antagonists from Aspergillus alliaceus. I. Fermentation, isolation, and biological properties. (1988)

The discovery and biological properties of four novel cholecystokinin antagonists produced by Aspergillus alliaceus is described. One of these was seven times more potent than the previously reported asperlicin.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile N‐Alkylation of Acridine Esters with 1,3‐Propane Sultone in Ionic Liquids. (2011)

Abstract The N‐alkylation of poorly reactive acridine phenolic esters (I) with 1,3‐propane sultone (II) in ionic liquids affords excellent conversion to the commercially useful, chemiluminescent N‐sulfopropyl acridinium esters (III) using only a limited amount of the carcinogenic sultone reagent.
Can hydrocarbon source rocks be identified on seismic data? (2011)

Hydrocarbon source rocks contain significant volumes of organic matter, are capable of expelling petroleum when heated, and have produced most of the world's known oil volumes. Recently, source rocks have also become recognized as unconventional economic reservoirs. Here we present a new way of identifying, characterizing, and mapping spatial distributions and variations of thick source rocks (>20 m) that is based on seismic data only. This has a significant impact on the prospect risk assessment of petroleum plays. Rock property studies of organic-rich claystones show that the acoustic impedance (AI), which is the product of compressional velocity and density, decreases nonlinearly with increasing total organic carbon (TOC) percent. Claystones mixed with low-density organic matter (TOC > 3%–4%) have significant lower AI and higher intrinsic anisotropy than otherwise similar nonorganic claystones. This gives the top and base source rock reflections characteristic negative and positive high amplitudes, respectively, which dim with increasing reflection angle. In addition, the TOC profile, which is a smoothed TOC percent curve, influences the top and base amplitude responses. An upward-increasing TOC profile has the highest amplitude at the top, while the opposite asymmetry is observed for downward-increasing TOC profiles. By using seismic data, we therefore can map lateral distribution, thickness, variation in TOC profiles, and, with local well calibration, convert AI data to TOC percent. This approach to mapping source rocks may change the way petroleum systems are evaluated.
Immunochemical Studies of Infectious Mononucleosis IX. Heterophile Antigen Associated with a Glycoprotein from the Bovine Erythrocyte Membrane (1982)

A glycoprotein was isolated from the membrane of the bovine erythrocyte by refluxing the acetone- and ethanol-extracted stroma residue with 75% ethanol. The glycoprotein was purified by phosphocellulose chromatography, ethanol precipitation, lipidsolvent extraction and DEAE chromatography. The glycoprotein appeared to have two serological determinants, both reactive with antibodies present in the sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis. One of the determinants is similar to the Paul-Bunnell heterophile antigen found on sheep erythrocytes. It is dependent on carbohydrate, including sialic acid residues. Another specificity, seemingly not shared by sheep erythrocytes to any great extent, is resistance to neuraminidase and to alkaline borohydride treatment and thus it may be located either on the polypeptide portion of the molecule or on an alkali-stable oligosaccharide. The purified glycoprotein comprises 73% amino acids. Carbohydrate components and their molar ratios were sialic acid (1.0): galactose (1.5): N-acetylglucosamine (1.1): N-acetylgalactosamine (0.5): mannose (0.1).
Virology Of Measles Virus (1994)

Measles virus is the prototypic member of the Morbillivirus genus of the family Paramyxoviridae. The viral genomic RNA is single-stranded, nonsegmented, and of negative polarity and encodes six major structural proteins. The two viral transmembrane glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin and fusion proteins, are both required for virus-host cell membrane fusion, while attachment to host cells is mediated by the hemagglutinin. The human CD46 molecule has been identified as a cellular receptor for measles virus. Antibodies raised against either viral glycoprotein neutralize measles virus in vitro and protect against infection. Although measles virus remains a single serotype (monotypic), nucleotide sequence analyses have identified distinct lineages among recent wild type isolates. These genetic changes were manifested by detectable antigenic variation between vaccine and wild type viruses and at some point may influence strategies for control, elimination, and eventual eradication of measles virus.
Scalable Object Detection using Deep Neural Networks (2013)

Deep convolutional neural networks have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance on a number of image recognition benchmarks, including the ImageNet Large-Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC-2012). The winning model on the localization sub-task was a network that predicts a single bounding box and a confidence score for each object category in the image. Such a model captures the whole-image context around the objects but cannot handle multiple instances of the same object in the image without naively replicating the number of outputs for each instance. In this work, we propose a saliency-inspired neural network model for detection, which predicts a set of class-agnostic bounding boxes along with a single score for each box, corresponding to its likelihood of containing any object of interest. The model naturally handles a variable number of instances for each class and allows for cross-class generalization at the highest levels of the network. We are able to obtain competitive recognition performance on VOC2007 and ILSVRC2012, while using only the top few predicted locations in each image and a small number of neural network evaluations.
Amplitude spectrum area: Measuring the probability of successful defibrillation as applied to human data (2004)

AMSA predicts the success of electrical defibrillation with high specificity. AMSA therefore serves to minimize interruptions of precordial compression and the myocardial damage caused by delivery of repetitive and ineffective electrical shocks.
Facile aromatic radiofluorination of [18F]flumazenil from diaryliodonium salts with evaluation of their stability and selectivity (2011)

Aromatic radiofluorination of the diaryliodonium tosylate precursor with [18F]fluoride ions has been applied successfully to access [18F]flumazenil in high radiochemical yields of 67.2 ± 2.7% (decay corrected). The stability and reactivity of the diaryliodonium tosylate precursor plays a key role in increasing the production of 18F-labelled molecules under the fluorine-18 labelling condition. Various conditions were explored for the preparation of [18F]flumazenil from different diaryliodonium tosylate precursors. Optimum incorporation of [18F]fluoride ions in the 4-methylphenyl-mazenil iodonium tosylate precursor (5f) was achieved at 150 °C for 5 min by utilizing 4 mg of the precursor, K2.2.2/K2CO3 complex, and the radical scavenger in N,N-dimethylformamide. This approach was extended to a viable method for use in automated synthesis with a radiochemical yield of 63.5 ± 3.2% (decay corrected, n = 26) within 60.0 ± 1.1 min. [18F]Flumazenil was isolated by preparative HPLC after the reaction was conducted under improved conditions and exhibited sufficient specific activity of 370–450 GBq μmol−1, with a radiochemical purity of >99%, which will be suitable for human PET studies.
Unstable optical resonators with tilted spherical mirrors (1978)

A means of achieving asymmetric magnification (Mx ≠ My) in collimated-output unstable resonators is proposed which obviates difficulties associated with nonspherical mirrors. By suitable choice of rather large tilt angles of spherical mirrors and mirror separation, simultaneous “confocality” can be achieved in x-z and y-z planes to the lowest order. Simple resonator design equations are given. Experiments have confirmed the design equations by interferometric examination of the minimized aberrations due to finite beam size. No detailed aberration analysis has yet been performed.
Biosynthetic human EGF accelerates healing of Neodecadron-treated primate corneas. (1985)

Topical administration of biosynthetic human epidermal growth factor (h-EGF), given in combination with an antibiotic and synthetic steroid (Neodecadron) accelerated the rate of corneal epithelial regeneration and significantly increased the strength of full-thickness stromal incisions in primates. The regenerated epithelial cells of EGF-Neodecadron-treated corneas appeared normal on histologic examination and showed no evidence of hypertrophy or hyperplasia. The EGF-Neodecadron-treated stromal incisions were characterized by new collagen formation and a smaller epithelial cell plug than Neodecadron-treated control corneas. These results suggest that biosynthetic h-EGF, which lacks the immunologic potential of nonhuman proteins, may be effective in accelerating healing of corneal epithelial defects and stromal incisions in patients whose healing is suppressed by treatment with steroids.
Developing and Engineering Enzymes for Manufacturing Amylose (2007)

Amylose is a functional biomaterial and is expected to be used for various industries. However at present, manufacturing of amylose is not done, since the purification of amylose from starch is very difficult. It has been known that amylose can be produced in vitro by using α-glucan phosphorylases. In order to obtain α-glucan phosphorylase suitable for manufacturing amylose, we isolated an α-glucan phosphorylase gene from Thermus aquaticus and expressed it in Escherichia coli. We also obtained thermostable α-glucan phosphorylase by introducing amino acid replacement onto potato enzyme. α-Glucan phosphorylase is suitable for the synthesis of amylose; the only problem is that it requires an expensive substrate, glucose 1-phosphate. We have avoided this problem by using α-glucan phosphorylase either with sucrose phosphorylase or cellobiose phosphorylase, where inexpensive raw material, sucrose or cellobiose, can be used instead. In these combined enzymatic systems, α-glucan phosphorylase is a key enzyme. This paper summarizes our work on engineering practical α-glucan phosphorylase for industrial processes and its use in the enzymatic synthesis of essentially linear amylose and other glucose polymers.
Amorphous V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> as high-voltage cathodes for magnesium batteries (2015)

A deep investigation of amorphous V2O5-P2O5 powders for magnesium batteries communicates the vital properties to achieving the superior electrochemical performance at a 75 : 25 V2O5 : P2O5 molar ratio. The manipulation of the inter-layer spacing and amorphization of V2O5 can enhance Mg(2+) diffusion and afford a cathode with high-voltage reversibility.
Feedback particle filter with mean-field coupling (2011)

A new formulation of the particle filter for nonlinear filtering is presented, based on concepts from optimal control, and from the mean-field game theory. The optimal control is chosen so that the posterior distribution of a particle matches as closely as possible the posterior distribution of the true state given the observations: This is achieved by introducing a cost function, defined by the Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence between the actual posterior, and the posterior of any particle. The optimal control input is characterized by a certain Euler- Lagrange (E-L) equation, and is shown to admit an innovation error-based feedback structure. For diffusions with continuous observations, the value of the optimal control solution is ideal: The two posteriors match exactly, provided they are initialized with identical priors. The resulting control system is called the feedback particle filter. An algorithm is introduced and implemented in two numerical examples. A numerical comparison of the feedback particle filter with the bootstrap particle filter is provided.
Improved design of Pseudomonas exotoxin A-based immunotoxins (2007)

A73 Immunotoxins are engineered proteins that combine antibodies with protein toxins. They are used therapeutically to target and kill cancer cells expressing specific cell surface antigens. Immunotoxins based on Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) consist of the FV portion of an antibody fused to domains Ib, II, and III of PE. Clinical trials are currently in progress to assess PE immunotoxins for the treatment of CD22-expressing lymphomas and leukemias, and mesothelin-expressing solid tumors. Broad therapeutic application of PE immunotoxins, however, has been limited by recurring problems of immunogenicity and nonspecific toxicities. In an effort to reduce the immunogenicity of PE immunotoxins, we have pursued a strategy of identifying and removing lysosomal protease cleavage sites in the toxin. This approach has two potential benefits. Firstly, we diminish MHC class II-associated immune response by preventing efficient lysosomal processing of the immunotoxin. Secondly, by removing protease-accessible regions that are not essential for cytotoxicity, we begin to approach the minimum effective size of the toxin, eliminating potential epitopes. We have identified lysosomal protease cleavage sites in immunotoxins by N-terminal sequence analysis of peptide fragments generated by digestion of an immunotoxin with either purified lysosomal proteases or the lysosomal fraction of Raji B cells. Cleavage sites were found only within domains II and Ib of the toxin. None were found in domain III or the FV. A series of anti-CD22 immunotoxin mutants were produced that contain large deletions of domain II in order to both remove protease sites and minimize the size the toxin. Analyses of the in vitro cytotoxicity of these mutants revealed that much of domain II and all of domain Ib are not essential for immunotoxin activity. Currently, the most promising compromise between reducing the size of the immunotoxin and preserving its cytotoxicity is a mutant construct, termed PE25 HA22, which consists of an anti-CD22 FV linked to domain III of PE by a short stretch of domain II. In vitro cytotoxicity testing shows that PE25 HA22 has similar activity to standard HA22. In vivo testing of PE25 HA22 anti-tumor activity in a mouse xenograft model shows that the mutant protein is slightly less active than standard HA22, but has greatly reduced nonspecific toxicity. Mice can tolerate doses of PE25 HA22 that are 10-fold higher than HA22, which significantly enhances the anti-tumor response. We conclude that PE25 HA22 represents a promising step forward in the development of PE immunotoxins. The focus of future research is the evaluation of PE25 HA22 immunogenicity by measuring the antibody response in mice.
Alignment methods for micron-scale surface defects automatic evaluation of large-aperture fine optics (2015)

A surface defect evaluation system can combine microscopic scattering dark-field imaging with sub-aperture scanning and stitching. Thousands of sub-apertures are involved; mechanical errors will cause stitching dislocation, leading to defect cracks. In this Letter, we propose standard line coordinate error adjustment dealing with consistency error between coordinates of the scanning and imaging system, and defocus depth estimation leveling method dealing with high-cleanliness fine optics defocuing caused by the surface which is not perpendicular to microscope's optical axis. Experiments show defect cracks are effectively solved and the defocus of 420 mm 420 mm components can be controlled within depth of field 20 m.