gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Look before you leap: Detecting phishing web pages by exploiting raw URL and HTML characteristics (2023)

Phishing websites distribute unsolicited content and are frequently used to commit email and internet fraud; detecting them before any user information is submitted is critical. Several efforts have been made to detect these phishing websites in recent years. Most existing approaches use hand-crafted lexical and statistical features from a website’s textual content to train classification models to detect phishing web pages. However, these phishing detection approaches have a few challenges, including (1) the tediousness of extracting hand-crafted features, which require specialized domain knowledge to determine which features are useful for a particular platform; and (2) the difficulties encountered by models built on hand-crafted features to capture the semantic patterns in words and characters in URL and HTML content. To address these challenges, this paper proposes WebPhish, an end-to-end deep neural network trained using embedded raw URLs and HTML content to detect website phishing attacks. First, the proposed model automatically employs an embedding technique to extract the corresponding characters into homologous dense vectors. Then, the concatenation layer merges the URL and HTML embedding matrices. Following that, Convolutional layers are used to model its semantic dependencies. Extensive experiments were conducted with real-world phishing data, which yielded an accuracy of 98.1%, showing that WebPhish outperforms baseline detection approaches in identifying phishing pages.
SystemC/sup SV/: an extension of SystemC for mixed multi-level communication modeling and interface-based system design (2002)

An extension of SystemC for mixed-multi level communication modeling and interface-based system design is proposed in this paper. SystemC/sup SV/ provides a new design unit, the interface, which enables specification, design and verification of system communication separately from system functionality, thus introducing a new quality of system design into SystemC. The concepts and computational model of SystemC/sup SV/ interfaces are presented together with a design example, the digital part of a wireless SmartCard transponder-reader/writer system.
Using the calculable dipole antenna for antenna calibration and validation of EMC test sites (2010)

The validation of a calibration test site is a precursor to the calibration of antennas. Non-uniformity of electromagnetic fields in the test site impact directly on the attainable uncertainty of antenna gain or antenna factor. The validation of a test site relies on calibrated antennas, whose calibration relies on a high quality test site. This interdependence means that neither can be measured precisely until at least one is known precisely. In the case of a test site with a ground plane, and for frequencies as low as 30 MHz, this conundrum is beautifully solved by the use of the calculable dipole antenna. The antenna factor is precisely calculable from the antenna dimensions, combined with the measured S-parameters of the balun. The international standard CISPR 16-1-5 describes the use of the calculable dipole to validate test sites that are used to calibrate EMC dipole-like antennas. This paper gives the rationale for the validation processes described in CISPR 16-1-5. The usability of this approach is enhanced by broadbanding the performance of the calculable dipole to over 200% bandwidth, which is achieved by method-of-moments code.
The Study of CMFD for Marine Main Diesel Engine (2006)

The condition monitoring and fault diagnosis were carried out on marine main diesel engine to for ecast the faults which may occur and where they should occur. This is of great significance to the marine diesel which has especially high demand for reliability. The study on the development of the all-orientation condition monitoring and fault diagnosis is presented. Moreover, the particular monitoring routes are given.
Simple Phenanthroimidazole/Carbazole Hybrid Bipolar Host Materials for Highly Efficient Green and Yellow Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2012)

By conjugating carbazole moiety to the different positions of the rigid skeleton 1,2-diphenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole, a series of hybrid bipolar phosphorescent hosts was synthesized, and their photophysical properties were investigated. The introduction of a rigid phenanthroimidazole moiety greatly improves their morphological stability, with high decomposition temperatures (Td) and high glass transition temperatures (Tg) in the range of 394–417 and 113–243 °C, respectively. The highly efficient green and orange phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) have been achieved by employing these compounds as the phosphorescent hosts. For the device of ITO/MoO3 (10 nm)/NPB (80 nm)/TCTA (5 nm)/mPhBINCP:9 wt % Ir(ppy)3 (20 nm)/TmPyPB (45 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm), a maximum luminous efficiency (ηc,max) of 77.6 cd/A, maximum power efficiency (ηp,max) of 80.3 lm/W, and maximum external quantum efficiency (ηEQE,max) of 21% were obtained. Furthermore, these hosts are also applicable for the orange phosphorescent emitter (fbi)2Ir(acac), a yellow PhOLEDs with pPhBICP as host, for which a performance of ηc,max of 57.2 cd/A, ηEQE,max of 19.3%, and ηp,max of 59.8 lm/W was achieved. These results demonstrated that the phenanthroimidazole unit is an excellent electron-transporting group for constructing the bipolar phosphorescent host.
<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>Evades Immune Recognition during Germination through Loss of Toll‐Like Receptor‐4–Mediated Signal Transduction (2003)

Peritoneal macrophages from Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient ScCr mice produced less tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, and IL-1beta than did macrophages of control mice, when stimulated with conidia, but not with hyphae, of Aspergillus fumigatus, a finding suggesting that TLR4-mediated signals are lost during germination. This hypothesis was confirmed by use of a TLR4-specific fibroblast reporter cell line (3E10) that responded to the conidia, but not to the hyphae, of A. fumigatus. In contrast, macrophages from TLR2-knockout mice had a decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to both Aspergillus conidia and Aspergillus hyphae, and these results were confirmed in 3E10 cells transfected with human TLR2. In addition, Aspergillus hyphae, but not Aspergillus conidia, stimulated production of IL-10 through TLR2-dependent mechanisms. In conclusion, TLR4-mediated proinflammatory signals, but not TLR2-induced anti-inflammatory signals, are lost on Aspergillus germination to hyphae. Therefore, phenotypic switching during germination may be an important escape mechanism of A. fumigatus that results in counteracting the host defense.
Clinical Assessment and Validation of a Rapid and Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 Test Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Without the Need for RNA Extraction (2020)

By incorporating a fast and inexpensive sample preparation step, RT-LAMP accurately detects SARS-CoV-2 with limited equipment for about US$6 per sample, making this a potentially ideal assay to increase testing capacity, especially in resource-limited settings.
Effect of a cholino-ceptor antagonist in the nose. (1983)

As parasympathetic reflexes are of importance for nasal hypersecretion, treatment of rhinorrhoea with a cholino-ceptor antagonist seems rational. We have therefore studied the topically active anti-cholinergic drug ipratropium in laboratory studies and clinical trials. This drug, as a nasal spray, could markedly inhibit metacholine-induced hypersecretion for a prolonged period, in a dosage having no demonstrable systemic effects, in treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis and watery rhinorrhoea as the major symptoms. The daily use of ipratropium spray caused a moderate reduction in the use of handkerchiefs. It is concluded that this new treatment can be of value in such patients, but it is important to realize that the effect is strictly monosymptomatic. Finally, how this type of therapy can be further improved is discussed.
A Study of Recovery Standards and Post-Evaluation Method for Long Term Community Preventive Recovery Plan (2009)

Most damages of civil infrastructures under natural disasters are frequently occurred at surrounding areas of the river or the road. Every year, Recovery for these disaster damages are performed by the government. Recently, the government decide to change current recovery plan system because current recovery plan which doesn't consider future disaster impacts at a site has been proved to be ineffective. Accordingly, new permanency recovery plan system is needed and its corresponding ideas are presented in this research considering more detailed disaster damage classifications and cause assessments. The proposed permanency recovery plan would also provide more systematic and diverse recovery response strategies including both two concepts, for example Preparedness considered by risk assessment and management, and Mitigation investigated by hazard impact analyses.
Production and Characterization of Fully Selenomethionine-Labeled Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

This paper reports, for the first time, a quantitative replacement of methionine (Met) by selenomethionine (SeMet) at >98% substitution, with up to 4940 microg of SeMet/g of yeast obtained for the entire protein pool of a wild-type yeast grown on a SeMet-containing medium. The incorporation of selenium in yeast proteins, in the form of selenomethionine, and the influence of various organic and inorganic Se and S sources present in the media were monitored during the growth of a wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which allowed the optimization of the composition of a fully defined synthetic growth medium that ensured maximum SeMet incorporation. Quantitation of SeMet and Met was performed by species-specific isotope dilution GC-MS. The use of ascorbic acid and a minimum concentration of cysteine (5 microg/L) was found to be beneficial to achieve incorporation by limiting the oxidative stress due to the presence of selenium. Except for small amounts of cysteine, no other sources of sulfur were necessary to achieve yeast growth. In a medium containing Se(VI), the maximum replacement of Met with SeMet was 50%, which is considerably higher than that obtained with the current commercial Se yeast formulations. For yeast grown in a Met-free defined medium, which was supplemented with SeMet, nearly total replacement of Met with SeMet could be achieved. The fully Se-labeled yeast could be an important tool for the study of eukaryotic protein structures both by mass spectrometry and by X-ray crystallography through selenomethionine single- and multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD and MAD) phasing. In addition, a particular yeast strain, BY4741, that cannot synthesize Met using inorganic sulfur (met15Delta0) was shown to produce SeMet in the presence of inorganic selenium. This might indicate that the incorporation of inorganic selenium salts [Se(VI) and Se(IV)] is obviously not occurring exclusively through the same biological pathways as for sulfur. The reduction of inorganic Se to hydrogen selenide (H(2)Se), its reactions with organic compounds present in the yeast or in the media, and the possible metabolization through unspecific enzymatic pathways (such as transsulfuration) could also be of considerable importance in the production of selenoamino acids during yeast growth.
Gene expression associations with the growth inhibitory effects of small molecules on live cells: Specificity of effects and uniformity of mechanisms (2009)

Abstract The NCI60 human tumor cell line screen is a public resource for studying selective and nonselective growth inhibition of small molecules against cancer cells. By coupling growth inhibition screening data with biological characterizations of the different cell lines, it becomes possible to infer mechanisms of action underlying some of the observable patterns of selective activity. Using these data, mechanistic relationships have been identified including specific associations between single genes and small families of closely related compounds, and less specific relationships between biological processes involving several cooperating genes and broader families of compounds. Here, we aim to characterize the degree to which such specific and general relationships are present in these data. A related question is whether genes tend to act with a uniform mechanism for all associated compounds, or whether multiple mechanisms are commonly involved. We address these two issues in a statistical framework placing special emphasis on the effects of measurement error in the gene expression and chemical screening data. We find that as measurement accuracy increases, the pattern of apparent associations shifts from one dominated by isolated gene/compound pairs, to one in which families consisting of an average of 25 compounds are associated to the same gene. At the same time, the number of genes that appear to play a role in influencing compound activities decreases. For less than half of the genes, the presence of both positive and negative correlations indicates pleiotropic associations with molecules via different mechanisms of action. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 175–185, 2009
Introduction:  Molecular Recognition (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction: Molecular RecognitionSamuel H. GellmanView Author Information University of WisconsinMadison %Guest EditorCite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 5, 1231–1232Publication Date (Web):August 5, 1997Publication History Published online5 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr970328jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr970328jeditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views13422Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (48 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Drug discovery,Molecular interactions,Molecular structure,Noncovalent interactions,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Compression of grey-scale fingerprint images (2003)

Investigates a number of techniques developed for fingerprint identification. The test implementations include: ISO/CCITT JPEG developed cosine transform; local cosine transform; best basis-adaptive wavelet transform plus uniform quantisation; wavelet vector quantisation; and wavelet scaler quantisation. All of the above algorithms are viewed from a multifrequency or subband decomposition perspective. The results of ad hoc tests are summarised.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Illumination invariant representation for privacy preserving face identification (2010)

Most effective face recognition methods store biometric information in the clear. Doing so exposes those systems to the risk of identity theft and violation of privacy. This problem significantly narrows the practical use of face recognition technology. Recent methods for privacy preserving face recognition address face verification task. Most of them are unable to generalize to unseen conditions and require a large number of images of every user for training. We address the problem of face identification, which is more useful in security applications, and propose a binary, illumination invariant representation that can be easily integrated with various efficient cryptographic tools for protection. We propose several privacy preserving applications for our representation and test it on a number of benchmark databases to show its robustness to severe illumination changes, occlusions, and some other appearance variations.
Human reproductive failure I: Immunological factors (2001)

Human reproductive failure may be a consequence of aberrant expression of immunological factors during pregnancy. Although the relative importance of immunological factors in human reproduction remains controversial, substantial evidence suggests that human leukocyte antigens (HLA), antisperm antibodies, integrins, the leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cytokines, antiphospholipid antibodies, endometrial adhesion factors, mucins (MUC1) and uterine natural killer cells contribute to reproductive failure. In contrast, fewer data support the roles of anti-trophoblast antibodies, anti-endometrial antibodies, T-cells, peripheral natural killer cells, anti-HLA antibodies, blocking antibodies and suppressor cells in reproductive failure. Although immunological factors involved in reproductive failure have been studied traditionally using assays for antibodies and/or antigens, detailed research on these factors demonstrates conflicting results in humans. Maternal and fetal immunology is also difficult to investigate in humans. For these reasons, molecular assays may serve as a valuable alternative to investigate how the immune system affects reproductive outcome. In Part I of this review, immunological factors involved in human reproductive failure are summarized and critically evaluated. Immunogenetic and interacting factors in human reproductive failure will be summarized and evaluated in Part II.
Simpler, Faster, and Sensitive Zika Virus Assay Using Smartphone Detection of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification on Paper Microfluidic Chips (2018)

The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak has prompted the need for field-ready diagnostics that are rapid, easy-to-use, handheld, and disposable while providing extreme sensitivity and specificity. To meet this demand, we developed a wax-printed paper microfluidic chip utilizing reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). The developed simple and sensitive ZIKV assay was demonstrated using undiluted tap water, human urine, and diluted (10%) human blood plasma. Paper type, pore size, and channel dimension of various paper microfluidic chips were investigated and optimized to ensure proper filtration of direct-use biological samples (tap water, urine, and plasma) during capillary action-driven flow. Once ZIKV RNA has flowed and reached to a detection area of the paper microfluidic chip, it was excised for the addition of an RT-LAMP mixture with a pH indicator, then placed on a hot plate at 68 °C. Visible color changes from successful amplification were observed in 15 minutes and quantified by smartphone imaging. The limit of detection was as low as 1 copy/μL. The developed platform can also be used for identifying other flaviviruses, such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV), and potentially other quickly transmitted virus pathogens, towards field-based diagnostics.
Principles of CT: Radiation Dose and Image Quality (2007)

This article discusses CT radiation dose, the measurement of CT dose, and CT image quality. The most commonly used dose descriptor is CT dose index, which represents the dose to a location (e.g., depth) in a scanned volume from a complete series of slices. A weighted average of the CT dose index measured at the center and periphery of dose phantoms provides a convenient single-number estimate of patient dose for a procedure, and this value (or a related indicator that includes the scanned length) is often displayed on the operator's console. CT image quality, as in most imaging, is described in terms of contrast, spatial resolution, image noise, and artifacts. A strength of CT is its ability to visualize structures of low contrast in a subject, a task that is limited primarily by noise and is therefore closely associated with radiation dose: The higher the dose contributing to the image, the less apparent is image noise and the easier it is to perceive low-contrast structures. Spatial resolution is ultimately limited by sampling, but both image noise and resolution are strongly affected by the reconstruction filter. As a result, diagnostically acceptable image quality at acceptable doses of radiation requires appropriately designed clinical protocols, including appropriate kilovolt peaks, amperages, slice thicknesses, and reconstruction filters.
Electrocardiographic Evaluation in Patients Receiving Lamotrigine Monotherapy/Duotherapy (2023)

Objective:Despite its widespread use and safety data, the cardiac safety of lamotrigine was brought into question in October 2020 when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a safety warning about its cardiac side effects. Here, we investigated whether there are differences in electrocardiogram (ECG) findings between epilepsy cases receiving lamotrigine monotherapy and those receiving duotherapy.Methods:Patients older than 16 years who were followed up with a diagnosis of epilepsy and receiving lamotrigine were retrospectively identified. Those receiving only lamotrigine and any second anti-seizure medication (ASM) in addition to lamotrigine were included in the study, and those receiving more than two ASMs were excluded. Eligible patients were asked to apply to any health institution and have an ECG performed. Heart rate, PR distance, QRS duration, QT duration, corrected QT value, and Tp-Tend value were calculated manually, and ST-T changes were evaluated. Comparisons were made between patients receiving monotherapy and dootherapy and those receiving low-dose and high-dose lamotrigine.Results:There were 19 patients receiving monotherapy and 11 receiving duotherapy. The ECG parameters of all other patients were within normal values. When ECG parameters were compared between patients receiving monotherapy and those receiving duotherapy, no significant differences were found in heart rate, PR distance, QRS duration, QT duration, QTc duration, Tp-Tend duration, and presence of ST-T changes. When the patients were divided into low-dose and high-dose lamotrigine groups, there were no significant differences in the ECG parameters between these two groups.Conclusion:The relationship between the use of lamotrigine and cardiac conduction problems in patients with epilepsy has attracted the attention of physicians since its introduction into clinical practice. Although our results did not indicate a significant relationship, there is still a need to determine the risk groups and clarify the pathophysiology of lamotrigine-related arrhythmia through genotype- and phenotype-related studies.