gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Models for the Prediction of Performance and Emissions in a Spark Ignition Engine - A Sequentially Structured Approach (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A thermodynamic model for the simulation of performance and emissions in a spark ignition engine is presented. The model is part of an integrated system of models with a hierarchical structure developed for the study and the optimal design of engine control strategies. In order to reduce the uncertainty due to the mutual interference during the validation phase, the model has been developed accordingly with a hierarchical and sequential structure.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The main thermodynamic model is based on the classical two zone approach. A multi-zone model is then derived form the two zone calculation, for a proper evaluation of temperature gradients in the burned gas region. The emissions of HC, CO and NOx are then predicted by three sub-models.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to make the precision of emission models suitable for engine control design, an identification technique based on decomposition approach has been developed, for the definition of optimal model structure with a minimum number of parameters.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results of the thermodynamic cycle model validation, performed over more than 300 engine operating conditions, show a satisfactory level of agreement between measured and predicted data cycles. Afterward, the two step identification procedure has been applied for the emission models parameters identification. From this analysis, it has been found that the model precision achieved can be comparable with that obtained via conventional mapping procedures using black-box models, but with a drastic reduction of the experimental effort. Moreover, the proposed approach allows substantial computational time saving with respect to conventional identification techniques.</div>
Serine 228 is essential for catalytic activities of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2. (1994)

The Ca(2+)-sensitive cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) displays both a phospholipase A2 and a lysophospholipase activity. Numerous hydrolases, including lipases, catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds by means of an active site triad of amino acids that includes a serine or a cysteine residue. We have examined whether human cPLA2 belongs to this class of enzymes by using site-directed mutagenesis. Although chemical inactivation of cPLA2 by the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide made it appear that cysteine(s) may be essential for catalysis, all 9 cysteine residues of cPLA2 proved dispensable, allowing near-normal enzyme activity when substituted by alanine. We noted that cPLA2 contains a 110-amino-acid region with sequence homology to phospholipase B (PLB) from Penicillium notatum. Interestingly, one of the conserved serines of cPLA2, Ser-228, within this domain aligns with the lipase consensus sequence Gly-X(Leu)-Ser(137)-X(Gly)-Gly of PLB. Replacement of Ser-228 by alanine (or threonine or cysteine) yielded catalytically inactive cPLA2, even though the native conformation was maintained as determined by CD spectroscopy. Likewise, the lysophospholipase activity was completely abolished by the Ser-228 mutations. In contrast, substitution by alanine of three different serines of cPLA2 (Ser-195, Ser-215, or Ser-577) that also aligned with the PLB sequence allowed for substantial enzymatic activity of cPLA2. Our findings provide evidence that 1) Ser-228 participates in the catalytic mechanism of cPLA2 and that 2) both the phospholipase A2 and the lysophospholipase activities of cPLA2 are catalyzed by the same active site residue(s).
Brain blood flow in anxiety disorders (1997)

Functional rCBF differences in anxiety disorders could relate to repetitive, intrusive, distressing mental activity, prominent in both OCD and PTSD.
Quantitative analysis of the lipidomes of the influenza virus envelope and MDCK cell apical membrane (2012)

The influenza virus (IFV) acquires its envelope by budding from host cell plasma membranes. Using quantitative shotgun mass spectrometry, we determined the lipidomes of the host Madin-Darby canine kidney cell, its apical membrane, and the IFV budding from it. We found the apical membrane to be enriched in sphingolipids (SPs) and cholesterol, whereas glycerophospholipids were reduced, and storage lipids were depleted compared with the whole-cell membranes. The virus membrane exhibited a further enrichment of SPs and cholesterol compared with the donor membrane at the expense of phosphatidylcholines. Our data are consistent with and extend existing models of membrane raft-based biogenesis of the apical membrane and IFV envelope.
[Mutation of tumor suppressor genes APC and MCC in human esophageal cancer]. (1995)

The mutation and deletion of APC, MCC genes in human esophageal cancer were analyzed by PCR amplification and direct sequencing assay. In PCR amplification analysis, one of 10 cases of esophageal cancer was found to have APC gene deletion in exon 11; one of 10 cases of EC was found to have MCC gene deletion in exon 12; one case of EC was found to have MCC gene deletion in exon 12. One of adjacent non-tumor tissue was also found to have deletion at exon 12 of MCC. In PCR direct sequencing analysis, two of 10 cases of EC were found to contain APC gene mutation in exon 11, two of 7 cases of EC were found to contain MCC genes mutation in exon 12. The results confirmed that mutation of APC and MCC genes exists in human esophageal cancer. It gives new clues to the understanding of carcinogenesis of human esophageal cancer. The mechanism of mutation or deletion of APC and MCC genes in EC needs further study.
Design of a static TIM tester (2008)

Nowadays the quality of thermal interface materials (TIM) has a growing importance as the increasing dissipation level of ICs requires more and more sophisticated solutions to reduce the R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> along the heat-flow path. The recent approach of TIM manufacturers is to use nanoparticles as fillings in TIM materials, in order to enhance considerably the TIM thermal conductivity. On the other hand this solution raises difficulties in the characterization of these materials. Namely, the resolution of the conventional methods is not high enough to measure resistance values as low as 0.01-0.05 Kcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /W. This is the reason why we developed static TIM tester equipment using some new concepts. The main idea behind our design is to use the capabilities of microelectronics in order to make small sized sensors both for temperature and heat flux sensing. This way it is possible to place these sensors in the closest proximity of the measured sample. The status of this work is presented in the paper.
Inkjet-Printed Humidity Sensor for Passive UHF RFID Systems (2011)

This paper presents a novel inkjet-printed humidity sensor tag for passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems operating at ultrahigh frequencies (UHFs). During recent years, various humidity sensors have been developed by researchers around the world for HF and UHF RFID systems. However, to our best knowledge, the humidity sensor presented in this paper is one of the first passive UHF RFID humidity sensor tags fabricated using inkjet technology. This paper describes the structure and operation principle of the sensor tag as well as discusses the method of performing humidity measurements in practice. Furthermore, measurement results are presented, which include air humidity-sensitivity characterization and tag identification performance measurements.
A New Photobleachable Positive Resist for KrF Excimer Laser Lithography (1988)

A new photobleachable positive resist for KrF excimer laser lithography has been developed. The resist is composed of 2-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compound as the alkaline dissolution inhibitor and an alkaline-soluble styrene polymer as the mainpolymer. The new positive resist had excellent properties of photobleaching and dissolution kinetics. We achieved high aspect ratio half-micron pattern fabrication in 1.0 µm thickness with little loss of resist thickness using this new resist.
Probabilistic time series forecasting with boosted additive models: an application to smart meter data (2022)

A large body of the forecasting literature so far has been focused on forecasting the conditional mean of future observations. However, there is an increasing need for generating the entire conditional distribution of future observations in order to effectively quantify the uncertainty in time series data. We present two different methods for probabilistic time series forecasting that allow the inclusion of a possibly large set of exogenous variables. One method is based on forecasting both the conditional mean and variance of the future distribution using a traditional regression approach. The other directly computes multiple quantiles of the future distribution using quantile regression. We propose an implementation for the two methods based on boosted additive models, which enjoy many useful properties including accuracy, flexibility, interpretability and automatic variable selection. We conduct extensive experiments using electricity smart meter data, on both aggregated and disaggregated scales, to compare the two forecasting methods for the challenging problem of forecasting the distribution of future electricity consumption. The empirical results demonstrate that the mean and variance forecasting provides better forecasts for aggregated demand, while the flexibility of the quantile regression approach is more suitable for disaggregated demand. These results are particularly useful since more energy data will become available at the disaggregated level in the future.
The Human HLA-A*0201 Allele, Expressed in Hamster Cells, Is Not a High-Affinity Receptor for Adenovirus Type 5 Fiber (1999)

The coxsackie B virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alpha2 domain have been identified as high-affinity cell receptors for adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) fiber. In this study we show that CAR but not MHC class I allele HLA-A*0201 binds to Ad5 with high affinity when expressed on hamster cells. When both receptors are coexpressed on the cell surface of hamster cells, Ad5 fiber bind to a single high-affinity receptor, which is CAR.
Instrumentation for Evaluating Differences in Ammonia Volatilization from Broiler Litter and Cake (2008)

Greater understanding of the mechanisms affecting NH3 volatilization from reused broiler bedding is needed to determine pathways for mitigating NH3 emissions. A chamber acid trap (CAT) system was developed to provide an improved laboratory method for determining NH3 volatilization from litter or cake samples and for assessing treatment technologies to decrease NH3 losses from poultry litter. The CAT system offers precision control of air flow rate through sample chambers as well as straightforward, precise determination of the amount of N volatilized. This article outlines the basic setup of the CAT system. The system can be utilized and modified for researching specific mechanisms involving physical, chemical, or biological treatments affecting NH3 volatilization from litter or cake.
Distortion Rejecting Magneto-Inductive Three-Dimensional Localization (MagLoc) (2015)

Localization is a research area that, due to its overarching importance as an enabler for higher level services, has attracted a vast amount of research and commercial interest. For the most part, it can be claimed that GPS provides an unparalleled solution for outdoor tracking and navigation. However, the same cannot yet be said about positioning in GPS-denied or challenged environments, such as indoor environments, where obstructions such as floors and walls heavily attenuate or reflect high-frequency radio signals. This has led to a plethora of competing solutions targeted toward a particular application scenario, yielding a fragmented solution landscape. In this paper, we present a fresh approach to 3-D positioning based on the use of very low frequency (kHz) magneto-inductive (MI) fields. The most important property of MI positioning is that obstacles such as walls, floors, and people that heavily impact the performance of competing approaches are largely “transparent” to the quasi-static magnetic fields. MI has a number of challenges to robust operation that distort positions, including the presence of ferrous materials and sensitivity to user rotation. Through signal processing and sensor fusion across multiple system layers, we show how we can overcome these challenges. We showcase its highly accurate 3-D positioning in a number of environments, with positioning accuracy below 0.8 m even in heavily distorted areas.
Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence from Lanthanide Tetraphenylporphyrin:Polystyrene Blends (2003)

Using a simple non‐conjugated polymer host , blends with tetraphenylporphyrin complexes of ytterbium [Yb(TPP)L] have been used to construct near‐infrared‐emitting diodes in which the Yb(TPP)L serves as both the emitter and charge‐transport medium. The Figure shows the structure of Ln(TPP)L(OEt), and a simplified mechanism of light‐emitting diode operation.
The efficiency of therapeutic erythrocytapheresis compared to phlebotomy: A mathematical tool for predicting response in hereditary hemochromatosis, polycythemia vera, and secondary erythrocytosis (2013)

Recently, therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TE) was suggested to be more efficient in depletion of red blood cells (RBC) compared to manual phlebotomy in the treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), polycythemia vera (PV), and secondary erythrocytosis (SE). The efficiency rate (ER) of TE, that is, the increase in RBC depletion achieved with one TE cycle compared to one phlebotomy procedure, can be calculated based on estimated blood volume (BV), preprocedural hematocrit (Hct(B)), and delta-hematocrit (ΔHct). In a retrospective evaluation of 843 TE procedures (in 45 HH, 33 PV, and 40 SE patients) the mean ER was 1.86 ± 0.62 with the highest rates achieved in HH patients. An ER of 1.5 was not reached in 37.9% of all procedures mainly concerning patients with a BV below 4,500 ml. In 12 newly diagnosed homozygous HH patients, the induction phase duration was medially 38.4 weeks (medially 10.5 procedures). During the maintenance treatment of HH, PV, and SE, the interval between TE procedures was medially 13.4 weeks. This mathematical model can help select the proper treatment modality for the individual patient. Especially for patients with a large BV and high achievable ΔHct, TE appears to be more efficient than manual phlebotomy in RBC depletion thereby potentially reducing the numbers of procedures and expanding the interprocedural time period for HH, PV, and SE.
Evidence for Purifying Selection Against Synonymous Mutations in Mammalian Exonic Splicing Enhancers (2005)

Silent sites in mammals have classically been assumed to be free from selective pressures. Consequently, the synonymous substitution rate (Ks) is often used as a proxy for the mutation rate. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that the assumption is not valid, the mechanism by which selection acts remain unclear. Recent work has revealed that the presence of exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) in coding sequence might influence synonymous evolution. ESEs are predominantly located near intron-exon junctions, which may explain the reduced single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density in these regions. Here we show that synonymous sites in putative ESEs evolve more slowly than the remaining exonic sequence. Differential mutabilities of ESEs do not appear to explain this difference. We observe that substitution frequency at fourfold synonymous sites decreases as one approaches the ends of exons, consistent with the existing SNP data. This gradient is at least in part explained by ESEs being more abundant near junctions. Between-gene variation in Ks is hence partly explained by the proportion of the gene that acts as an ESE. Given the relative abundance of ESEs and the reduced rates of synonymous divergence within them, we estimate that constraints on synonymous evolution within ESEs causes the true mutation rate to be underestimated by not more than approximately 8%. We also find that Ks outside of ESEs is much lower in alternatively spliced exons than in constitutive exons, implying that other causes of selection on synonymous mutations exist. Additionally, selection on ESEs appears to affect nonsynonymous sites and may explain why amino acid usage near intron-exon junctions is nonrandom.
Determination of the 50% Human Infectious Dose for Norwalk Virus (2013)

The 50% human infectious dose measured is higher than previous estimates and similar to that of other RNA viruses. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00138476.
Observation of TiH<sub>5</sub> and TiH<sub>7</sub> in Bulk-Phase TiH<sub>3</sub> Gels for Kubas-Type Hydrogen Storage (2013)

The lack of an efficient hydrogen storage material has so far hindered the implementation of hydrogen as an energy vector, that is, a substance that allows the transfer through space and time of a certain quantity of energy from its original source. This work presents porous Ti(III) hydride gels as a promising new hydrogen storage material, exploiting the first example of a solid-state homoleptic metal hydride that binds further H2 ligands using the Kubas interaction. These materials use bridging hydride ligands as an ultralightweight structural feature to support a microporous network of Ti binding sites for molecular H2 chemisorption. High-pressure Raman spectroscopy confirmed the first evidence of TiH5 and TiH7 species, in some ways analogous to hypervalent MH5 and MH7 (M = Si, Ge, Sn) species. The material with the highest capacity has an excess reversible storage of 3.49 wt % at 140 bar and 298 K without saturation, corresponding to a volumetric density of 44.3 kg/m3, comparable to the DOE 2017 volumetric system goal of 40 kgH2/m3. However, extrapolations show that the phase-pure material is capable of binding at least 6 wt % hydrogen reversibly at room temperature.
A high speed fully digital data acquisition system for Positron Emission Tomography (2006)

The availability of compact arrays of high speed analog to digital converters and fast field programmable gate arrays allow much of the complex analog signal processing chain in nuclear pulse processing data acquisition to be replaced with digital algorithms. The fully digital approach allows us to evaluate APD based PET detectors and time of flight (TOF) capable fast PMTs using the same digital data acquisition (DAQ) system. We have developed digital processing algorithms for recording the time, position, and energy from a 511 keV photon interaction with a lutetium-oxyortho-silicate (LSO) crystal array coupled to a position sensitive avalanche photodiode (PSAPD) or to a XP2020 Photonics PMT as the scintillation light photodetector. Implementing these algorithms in a Pixie-4 setup, we compared its performance to an analog setup based on NIM electronics modules, and we evaluated its coincidence time performance using ultra-fast PMTs. From our initial experiments, the Pixie-4 system performs well in high spatial resolution, high count rate PET applications with our PSAPD detectors and with fast PMTs that are capable of TOF PET applications.
Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of stroke. Follow-up of a population-based cohort in Sweden. (1993)

Hormone replacement therapy with potent estrogens alone or cyclically combined with progestins can, particularly when started shortly after menopause, reduce the risk of stroke.
On-line locomotion generation based on motion blending (2002)

Locomotion such as walking, jogging, and running is one of the most basic forms of daily human motions. However, the previous methods can hardly generate the convincing locomotion of a character following a curved path with a desired speed and style. Based on scattered data interpolation, we propose a novel approach for on-the-fly generation of convincing locomotion, given parameters such as speed, turning angle, and style, on top of others given in the previous approaches. We first present an incremental scheme for timewarping to align the example motion clips of various speeds. Then, we provide a novel scheme for joint angle blending which guarantees similar poses to have similar representations. Finally, we show how to adapt the blended motion to the target character and the environment in an on-line, real-time manner. The resulting motions are not only convincing but also effectively controlled to reflect animator's intention. Our approach is efficient enough for on-line applications such as real-time animation systems and video games.
Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wild Using Improved CNN Supervision (2017)

We propose a CNN-based approach for 3D human body pose estimation from single RGB images that addresses the issue of limited generalizability of models trained solely on the starkly limited publicly available 3D pose data. Using only the existing 3D pose data and 2D pose data, we show state-of-the-art performance on established benchmarks through transfer of learned features, while also generalizing to in-the-wild scenes. We further introduce a new training set for human body pose estimation from monocular images of real humans that has the ground truth captured with a multi-camera marker-less motion capture system. It complements existing corpora with greater diversity in pose, human appearance, clothing, occlusion, and viewpoints, and enables an increased scope of augmentation. We also contribute a new benchmark that covers outdoor and indoor scenes, and demonstrate that our 3D pose dataset shows better in-the-wild performance than existing annotated data, which is further improved in conjunction with transfer learning from 2D pose data. All in all, we argue that the use of transfer learning of representations in tandem with algorithmic and data contributions is crucial for general 3D body pose estimation.
Die-on-wafer and wafer-level 3D integration for millimeter-wave smart antenna transceivers (2005)

A three-dimensional (3D) IC technology platform for high-performance, heterogeneous integration of silicon ICs for mm-wave smart antenna transceivers is presented. The platform uses dielectric adhesive bonding of fully-processed wafer-to-wafer aligned ICs, followed by a three-step thinning process and copper damascene patterning to form inter-wafer interconnects. A low noise amplifier (LNA), power amplifier (PA), and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) are designed in RF-enhanced SiGe BiCMOS process to operate in the 24 GHz ISM band These critical design blocks serve as a step towards the realization of a complete system integrated with I/O matching networks, switches, antennas, and digital processing in a 3D configuration