gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct sensitivity to spectrotemporal modulation supports brain asymmetry for speech and melody (2020)

Does brain asymmetry for speech and music emerge from acoustical cues or from domain-specific neural networks? We selectively filtered temporal or spectral modulations in sung speech stimuli for which verbal and melodic content was crossed and balanced. Perception of speech decreased only with degradation of temporal information, whereas perception of melodies decreased only with spectral degradation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data showed that the neural decoding of speech and melodies depends on activity patterns in left and right auditory regions, respectively. This asymmetry is supported by specific sensitivity to spectrotemporal modulation rates within each region. Finally, the effects of degradation on perception were paralleled by their effects on neural classification. Our results suggest a match between acoustical properties of communicative signals and neural specializations adapted to that purpose.
Power Processing Units for High Powered Nuclear Electric Propulsion With MPD Thrusters (1993)

This paper summarizes an evaluation of power processing units for nuclear electric propulsion vehicles using advanced magnetoplasmadynamic thruster.
One-step purification and concentration of DNA in porous membranes for point-of-care applications (2015)

The emergence of rapid, user-friendly, point-of-care (POC) diagnostic systems is paving the way for better disease diagnosis and control. Lately, there has been a strong emphasis on developing molecular-based diagnostics due to their potential for greatly increased sensitivity and specificity. One of the most critical steps in developing practical diagnostic systems is the ability to perform sample preparation, especially the purification of nucleic acids (NA), at the POC. As such, we have developed a simple-to-use, inexpensive, and disposable sample preparation system for in-membrane purification and concentration of NAs. This system couples lateral flow in a porous membrane with chitosan, a linear polysaccharide that captures NAs via anion exchange chromatography. The system can also substantially concentrate the NAs. The combination of these capabilities can be used on a wide range of sample types, which are prepared for use in downstream processes, such as qPCR, without further purification.
Arginine methylation promotes translation repression activity of eIF4G-binding protein, Scd6 (2016)

Regulation of translation plays a critical role in determining mRNA fate. A new role was recently reported for a subset of RGG-motif proteins in repressing translation initiation by binding eIF4G1. However the signaling mechanism(s) that leads to spatial and temporal regulation of repression activity of RGG-motif proteins remains unknown. Here we report the role of arginine methylation in regulation of repression activity of Scd6, a conserved RGG-motif protein. We demonstrate that Scd6 gets arginine methylated at its RGG-motif and Hmt1 plays an important role in its methylation. We identify specific methylated arginine residues in the Scd6 RGG-motif in vivo We provide evidence that methylation augments Scd6 repression activity. Arginine methylation defective (AMD) mutant of Scd6 rescues the growth defect caused by overexpression of Scd6, a feature of translation repressors in general. Live-cell imaging of the AMD mutant revealed that it is defective in inducing formation of stress granules. Live-cell imaging and pull-down results indicate that it fails to bind eIF4G1 efficiently. Consistent with these results, a strain lacking Hmt1 is also defective in Scd6-eIF4G1 interaction. Our results establish that arginine methylation augments Scd6 repression activity by promoting eIF4G1-binding. We propose that arginine methylation of translation repressors with RGG-motif could be a general modulator of their repression activity.
Christiansen effect in IR spectra of soil-derived atmospheric dusts (1979)

The Christiansen effect occurs when a suspension of particles in a transparent medium is observed at a wavelength where the refractive indices of the particles and of the medium are equal, thus producing an optically homogeneous medium with optical bandpass or filter characteristics. It is shown that soil-derived atmospheric dusts and other particulates can exhibit the Christiansen effect at IR wavelengths and that their spectra can be simulated by equivalent, precipitated films of the particulates on optical substrates. Useful approximation equations are given. The implications of these observations should be considered by atmospheric physicists and IR systems designers.
Electrocardiographic Changes During Electrographic Seizures (1989)

The occurrence of high-risk cardiac arrhythmias during electrographic seizures has been proposed as a possible cause for sudden unexpected death in patients with epilepsy. Several anecdotal case reports have documented various cardiac irregularities during seizures. We reviewed simultaneous 24-hour electroencephalographic - electrocardiographic studies obtained by ambulatory cassette electroencephalography in 45 patients who experienced 106 electrographic seizures. An increase in heart rate was seen in 96% of seizures, while in four seizures, the rate was unchanged. Heart rate increase measured from 1 minute preictally to intraictal peak ranged from 0% to 160% (mean, 60%). The onset of tachycardia was usually within several seconds (before or after) of the seizure onset, and often persisted for several minutes after termination of the discharge. No difference was found in patients with lateralized vs generalized seizures. Neither ventricular ectopia, conduction defects, or bradycardia were observed during the ictal episodes. We conclude that ictal tachycardia is the rule during electrographic seizures, and that high-risk cardiac arrhythmias are uncommon.
Effect of Gas Pressure on the Density of Horizontally Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Quartz Substrates (2013)

We investigate the influence of gas pressure on the growth of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on R-cut and r-cut crystal quartz substrates by alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The density of horizontally aligned SWCNTs was found to depend highly on gas pressure. A study of the SWCNT growth as a function of CVD time revealed that the density of horizontally aligned SWCNTs continued to increase for 10 min at reduced pressure, whereas the density saturated rapidly at higher pressure even though catalysts were not deactivated. We argue that variation of incubation time for low-pressure CVD is key for independent growth of horizontally aligned SWCNTs and hence higher density growth.
Evaluation of Porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Anterior Cervical Interbody Fusion in a Caprine Model (1995)

Thirty percent, 50%, and 70% porous ceramics performed equal to or better than autogenous bone after 3 and 6 months. There may be promise for the use of 50/50 hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate in spine surgery as the need to harvest autograft from the iliac crest is obviated, and complications and cost associated with the harvest are avoided.
Benzo[<i>h</i>]quinolin-10-yl-<i>N</i> Iridium(III) Complexes (1974)

Abstract Benzo[h]quinoline(bhqH) is metallated with iridium(III) to give [Ir(bhq)2Cl]2 in which bhq is coordinated at 1-N and 10-C atoms. This complex reacts with a ligand(L) such as tri-n-butylphosphine and diethylsulfide to yield [Ir(bhq)2ClL].
Interactions between amino acid side chains in cylindrical hydrophobic nanopores with applications to peptide stability (2008)

Confinement effects on protein stability are relevant in a number of biological applications ranging from encapsulation in the cylindrical cavity of a chaperonin, translocation through pores, and structure formation in the exit tunnel of the ribosome. Consequently, free energies of interaction between amino acid side chains in restricted spaces can provide insights into factors that control protein stability in nanopores. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we show that 3 pair interactions between side chains--hydrophobic (Ala-Phe), polar (Ser-Asn) and charged (Lys-Glu)--are substantially altered in hydrophobic, water-filled nanopores, relative to bulk water. When the pore holds water at bulk density, the hydrophobic pair is strongly destabilized and is driven to large separations corresponding to the width and the length of the cylindrical pore. As the water density is reduced, the preference of Ala and Phe to be at the boundary decreases, and the contact pair is preferred. A model that accounts for the volume accessible to Phe and Ala in the solvent-depleted region near the pore boundary explains the simulation results. In the pore, the hydrogen-bonded interactions between Ser and Asn have an enhanced dependence on their relative orientations, as compared with bulk water. When the side chains of Lys and Glu are restrained to be side by side, parallel to each other, then salt bridge formation is promoted in the nanopore. Based on these results, we argue and demonstrate that for a generic amphiphilic sequence, cylindrical confinement is likely to enhance thermodynamic stability relative to the bulk.
A phase I safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of the PI3K inhibitor XL147 (SAR245408) in combination with paclitaxel (P) and carboplatin (C) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. (2010)

3078 Background: Upregulation of PI3K pathway signaling is associated with tumor resistance to P and C. The oral selective Class I PI3K inhibitor XL147 potentiates the antitumor efficacy of P and C without exacerbated toxicity in preclinical xenograft tumor models. Methods: A standard 3 + 3 design was used. Pts receive intravenous P/C on day 1 of each 21-day cycle, and oral XL147 qd. Prior P and/or C were permitted. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) expansion cohorts will include patients with endometrial, ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer. Dose limiting toxicities are determined using cycle 1 safety data. Tumor response is evaluated every 6 weeks. Results: 19 pts with advanced solid tumors (including 5 breast, 2 cervical, and 1 endometrial) have been enrolled. Pts have been treated at 6 dose levels up to 600mg XL147/175mg.m−2 P/AUC 6 C. The MTD has not yet been established. One grade 4 thrombocytopenia assessed as study treatment related was reported. The most frequently reported related AEs were neutropenia and fatigue (each 65%), thrombocytopenia (53%), and anemia (47%). Four pts had a confirmed PR with the following reductions (sum of tumor target lesions): 72% (tongue), 63% (tonsillar), 45% (esophageal), and 42% (cervical). One Merkel cell cancer pt had an unconfirmed PR (47% reduction of a single target lesion). In addition, 12 pts continued on treatment ≥ 12 weeks, with 4 pts ≥ 24 weeks. All PRs occurred in pts who had been previously treated with a platinum-containing regimen. No major PK interaction between XL147 and P/C was evident across cohorts based on comparison with single agent data. Inhibition of PI3K pathway signaling has been demonstrated. For example, post-dose reductions in pAKT-T308 (67%), p4EBP1 (64%), and pERK (73%) were observed at day 49, with an associated reduction in Ki67 (32%) and induction of apoptosis (2.4-fold), in paired tumor biopsies from a colon cancer pt. Conclusions: XL147 at doses up to 600 mg in combination with P at 175 mg.m−2 and C at AUC 6 is generally well tolerated, with no major PK interaction or emergent toxicities, and results in robust pharmacodynamic activity and tumor regression in heavily pretreated pts. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Exelixis Exelixis Exelixis
The influence of pH and exposure time of 0.1M lactic acid on demineralization of enamel. (1990)

The purpose of this study was to search for demineralizing conditions which did not cause erosion on human enamel surface. Twenty human premolar enamel surfaces were divided into two groups. In one the original enamel surface was ground down about 400μm (Group A), and in the other it was not ground (Group B). Two types of 0.1M lactic acid buffer, pH4.5 and 4.0, were also prepared for demineralization. Both buffers contained 3.0mM Ca, 1.8mM P and 1.0% carboxymethylcellulose. Exposure times were 6, 12, and 18 hours for Group A, and 1 day and 1 week for Group B. The degree of demineralization was evaluated by microradiograph using calculated mineral content.Subsurface enamel lesions were seen in Group B. The minimum mineral content in the body of lesions was 7.2% when exposed for 1 week in lactic acid buffer at pH 4.0. This showed the possibility of complete demineralization in the body of the lesions.Softened enamel lesions were seen in Group A. Erosions of the surface enamel were observed in all cases at pH 4.0 and after 18 hours demineralization at pH 4.5. These results indicated that the demineralizing conditions without erosion were less than 12 hours exposure at pH 4.5.
Synthesis and study of the potential antiallergic activity of some pyrazole derivatives (1981)

The synthesis and study of the oral antiallergic activity of a series of monopyrazole derivatives (2-14) considered as analogues of active bispyrazole 1 are described. None of the compounds showed significant inhibition of the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), with the exception of the already known 5-aminoindazole (2). The activity of this compound, is however, lower than that of compound 1.
Using Gradients To Refine Parameterization in Field-Case History-Matching Projects (2007)

Summary Reservoir management is based on the prediction of reservoir performance by means of numerical-simulation models. Reliable predictions require that the numerical model mimic the production history. Therefore, the numerical model is modified to match the production data. This process is termed history matching (HM). Form a mathematical viewpoint, HM is an optimization problem, where the target is to minimize an objective function quantifying the misfit between observed and simulated production data. One of the main problems in HM is the choice of an effective parameterization—a set of reservoir properties that can be plausibly altered to get a history-matched model. This issue is known as a parameter-identification problem, and its solution usually represents a significant step in HM projects. In this paper, we propose a practical implementation of a multiscale approach aimed at identifying effective parameterizations in real-life HM problems. The approach requires the availability of gradient simulators capable of providing the user with derivatives of the objective function with respect to the parameters at hand. Objective-function derivatives can then be used in a multiscale setting to define a sequence of richer and richer parameterizations. At each step of the sequence, the matching of the production data is improved by means of a gradient-based optimization. The methodology was validated on a synthetic case and was applied to history match the simulation model of a North Sea oil reservoir. The proposed methodology can be considered a practical solution for parameter-identification problems in many real cases until sound methodologies (primarily adaptive multiscale estimation of parameters) become available in commercial software programs.
The Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Is Critically Involved in Neurobehavioral Effects of Alcohol (2002)

In the present study, we describe a new role of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene in the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior. Mice deficient in the nNOS gene (nNOS -/-) and wild-type control mice were submitted to a two-bottle free-choice procedure with either water or increasing concentrations of alcohol (2-16%) for 6 weeks. nNOS -/- mice did not differ in consumption and preference for low alcohol concentrations from wild-type animals; however, nNOS -/- mice consumed sixfold more alcohol from highly concentrated alcohol solutions than wild-type mice. Taste studies with either sucrose or quinine solutions revealed that alcohol intake in nNOS -/- and wild-type mice is associated, at least in part, with sweet solution intake but not with the taste of bitterness. When compared with wild-type mice, the nNOS -/- mice were found to be less sensitive to the sedative effects of ethanol as measured by shorter recovery time from ethanol-induced sleep and did not develop rapid tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia, although plasma ethanol concentrations were not significantly different from those of controls. Our findings contrast with previous reports that showed that nonselective NOS inhibitors decrease alcohol consumption. However, because alcohol consumption was suppressed in wild-type as well as nNOS -/- mice by the NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, we conclude that the effect of nonselective NOS inhibitors on alcohol drinking is not mediated by nNOS. Other NOS isoforms, most likely in the periphery or other splice variants of the NOS gene, might contribute to the effect of nonselective NOS inhibitors on alcohol drinking. In summary, the nNOS gene is critically involved in the regulation of neurobehavioral effects of alcohol.
Visualization of Intended Assistance for Acceptance of Shared Control (2020)

In shared control, advances in autonomous robotics are applied to help empower a human user in operating a robotic system. While these systems have been shown to improve efficiency and operation success, users are not always accepting of the new control paradigm produced by working with an assistive controller. This mismatch between performance and acceptance can prevent users from taking advantage of the benefits of shared control systems for robotic operation. To address this mismatch, we develop multiple types of visualizations for improving both the legibility and perceived predictability of assistive controllers, then conduct a user study to evaluate the impact that these visualizations have on user acceptance of shared control systems. Our results demonstrate that shared control visualizations must be designed carefully to be effective, with users requiring visualizations that improve both legibility and predictability of the assistive controller in order to voluntarily relinquish control.
Detection of C Reactive Protein (CRP) in Serum by an Electrochemical Aptamer‐Based Sandwich Assay (2009)

Abstract A disposable electrochemical assay involving magnetic particles and carbon‐based screen‐printed electrodes (SPCEs) was developed for the detection of C Reactive Protein (CRP). CRP is a plasma protein and is among the most expressed proteins in acute phase inflammation cases, being a known biomarker for inflammatory states. The assay was based on a sandwich format in which a RNA aptamer was coupled to a monoclonal antibody and alkaline phosphatase (AP) was used as enzymatic label. After the sandwich assay, the modified magnetic beads were captured by a magnet on the surface of a graphite working electrode and the electrochemical detection was thus achieved through the addition of the AP substrate (α‐naphthyl‐phosphate) and α‐naphthol produced during the enzymatic reaction was detected using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The parameters influencing the different steps of the assay were optimized in order to reach the best sensitivity and specificity. With the optimized conditions, the assay was applied to the analysis of CRP free serum and serum samples.
A new ultrafast superionic Li-conductor: ion dynamics in Li<sub>11</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>PS<sub>12</sub>and comparison with other tetragonal LGPS-type electrolytes (2014)

We report on a new ultrafast solid electrolyte of the composition Li11Si2PS12, which exhibits a higher room-temperature Li ion diffusivity than the present record holder Li10GeP2S12. We discuss the high-pressure synthesis and ion dynamics of tetragonal Li11Si2PS12, and comparison is made with our investigations of related members of the LMePS family, i.e. electrolytes of the general formula Li11-xMe2-xP1+xS12 with Me = Ge, Sn : Li10GeP2S12, Li7GePS8, Li10SnP2S12. The structure and dynamics were studied with multiple complementary techniques and the macroscopic diffusion could be traced back to fast Li ion hopping in the crystalline lattice. A clear correlation between the diffusivity and the unit cell volume of the LGPS-type electrolytes was observed.
Feeding of Lactobacillus sobrius reduces Escherichia coli F4 levels in the gut and promotes growth of infected piglets (2008)

The microbial community in the guts of mammals is often seen as an important potential target in therapeutic and preventive interventions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 infection in young animals might be counteracted by a probiotic treatment with Lactobacillus sobrius DSM 16698. The experiment was conducted in three randomized consecutive replications, each consisting of 16 piglets, and including a control group and an L. sobrius fed group, both experimentally challenged with ETEC. During the entire trial, the animals' health status, body weight, and microbial parameters were monitored periodically. Probiotic supplementation containing L. sobrius significantly reduced the levels of ETEC in the ileum when fed directly to piglets after weaning. In contrast, the number of days when the piglets had an increased faecal water content was significantly higher in the probiotic group. Nevertheless, an improved daily weight gain was also observed in the animals that received probiotic L. sobrius relative to the control fed group. The data indicate that L. sobrius may be effective in the reduction of the E. coli F4 colonization and may improve the weight gain of infected piglets.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF ANTIMICROBIAL BISCATIONIC 2‐(PHENOXYPHENYL)INDOLES AND ‐1‐BENZOFURANS (1984)

Abstract Die aus entsprechenden Komponenten (I) und (II) erhältlichen Phenolether (III) werden mit den Nitronitrilen (IV) zu den Aryloxynitrostilbenen (V) bzw. (VI) umgesetzt: der (Va)‐analoge Aldehyd (VIII) wird aus (IIIc) mit dem Phosphonat (VII) gewonnen.