gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic focusing of inertial particles in supersonic micronozzles (2013)

Abstract A particle‐laden flow in a supersonic micronozzle is studied using a one‐way coupled two‐fluid approach. The carrier gas parameters are obtained from the numerical solution of the Navier‐Stokes equations, rarefaction effects are taken into account by imposing velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions on the nozzle walls. Under conditions considered, the flow around particles is transitional and free‐molecular. As a result of numerical solution of the dispersed‐phase equations in Lagrangian variables, two types of particle motion in the expanding part of the nozzle are detected: particle spraying and particle accumulation. The particle focusing effect is most pronounced for particles of about 1–2 µm in size. The particle number density fields contain singularities appearing on the envelopes of particle trajectories. However, the model of non‐colliding particles remains valid because the mean distance between the particles near the singularities remains much greater than the particle size. The aerodynamic scheme of aerosol particle focusing proposed may be used in various technologies (microthrusters, needle‐free drug injection, microfabrication, etc.). (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Opening of Mitochondrial K <sub>ATP</sub> Channels Attenuates the Ouabain-Induced Calcium Overload in Mitochondria (2001)

We tested whether opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) (mitoK(ATP)) channels depolarizes mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and thereby prevents the mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload. With the use of a Nipkow disk confocal system, the mitochondrial Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](m)) and DeltaPsi(m) in rat ventricular myocytes were measured by loading cells with Rhod-2 and JC-1, respectively. Exposure to ouabain (1 mmol/L) for 30 minutes produced mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, and the intensity of Rhod-2 fluorescence significantly increased to 173+/-16% of baseline (P<0.001). Treatment of myocytes with the mitoK(ATP) channel opener diazoxide (100 micromol/L) blunted the ouabain-induced mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload (131+/-10% of baseline; P<0.001 versus ouabain). Moreover, diazoxide significantly depolarized the DeltaPsi(m) and reduced the intensity of JC-1 fluorescence during application of ouabain to 89+/-2% of baseline (P<0.05). These effects of diazoxide were blocked by the mitoK(ATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (500 micromol/L). These results indicate that opening of mitoK(ATP) channels prevents a mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload in association with DeltaPsi(m) depolarization and thereby protects myocardium against ischemic damage.
Workflow analysis and evidence-based medicine: towards integration of knowledge-based functions in hospital information systems. (1999)

The large extent and complexity of scientific evidence described in the concept of evidence-based medicine often overwhelms clinicians who want to apply best external evidence. Hospital Information Systems usually do not provide knowledge-based functions to support context-sensitive linking to external information sources. Knowledge-based components need specific data, which must be entered manually and should be well adapted to clinical environment to be accepted by clinicians. This paper describes a workflow-based approach to understand and visualize clinical reality as a preliminary to designing software applications, and possible starting points for further software development.
Detection of a Purine Analogue‐sensitive Kinase in Frog Sciatic Nerves—Possible Involvement in Nerve Regeneration (1993)

This study reports the existence of a purine analogue-sensitive protein kinase in adult frog sciatic nerves. Cell-free supernatants of homogenized regenerating sciatic nerves were found to contain a phosphoprotein (MW 90 kDa, referred to as PP90), that was phosphorylated to a much higher degree than in normal, uninjured nerves. The spatial and temporal characteristics of PP90 phosphorylation suggested a relationship with the injury-induced proliferation of support cells of the regenerating nerve, i.e. its appearance and increment over time correlated with that of [3H]thymidine incorporation in the nerve. PP90 was phosphorylated under conditions that excluded enzyme activities due to Ca2+/calmodulin kinases, cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases or protein kinase C. On the other hand, the phosphorylation could be selectively inhibited by the purine analogues adenosine, 2-aminopurine and 6-thioguanine (6-TG). The latter was the most potent and gave complete inhibition at 50 microM. Addition of histone H1 to the cell-free assay stimulated the phosphorylation of several proteins in both normal and regenerating nerves. The stimulation could be blocked by 6-TG, indicating the presence of a purine-sensitive kinase also in uninjured nerves. Separate experiments showed that in vitro regeneration of the frog sciatic sensory axons, as well as the proliferation of the support cells, was inhibited by 100 microM 6-TG.
DEVELOPMENT OF MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT OF MEMBRANE STRESS FOR MEMBRANE STRUCTURES USING WHITE NOISE SOUND WAVE-Improvement of Measurement Equipment, Verification Experiment and Practical Measurement of Actual Suspension Membrane Structure- (2007)

A new method has been proposed by authors to measure membrane stresses in two different directions separately, where instead of measuring the membrane stresses directly, the natural frequencies of the membrane within fixed rectangular region resonated by white noise external excitation with the frequency of 0 to 500Hz induced by sound is utilized. The new method makes use of the resonance phenomena of the membrane, where the effect of added mass of surrounding air was found not to be able to ignore for high accuracy measurement, and theoretically evaluated by using an equivalent circular plate. In this paper, not only the process of the equipment improvement toward high accuracy and the result of experimental test on every process to verify its accuracy, but also the experimental test of actual suspension membrane structure are presented.
Throughput-delay trade-off of CSMA policies in wireless networks (2010)

We consider CSMA policies for multihop wireless networks. CSMA policies are simple policies that can be easily implemented in a distributed manner. However, the delay performance of CSMA policies can be very poor as the delay can grow exponentially in the network size. As a result, CSMA policies are not practical for delay-sensitive traffic even for mid-sized networks. In this paper, we consider a slight variant of the classical CSMA policies and show that it leads to a much improved delay performance. In particular, we show that the delay does not depend on the networks size. Using this result, we also characterize the delay-throughput trade-off of the proposed CSMA policy. At the heart of our analysis is a result that shows that CSMA policies quickly converge to a maximum schedule, i.e., converge to a maximum schedule at a rate that does not depend on the network size. Using this insight, we consider a CSMA policy that periodically “unlocks” the transmission pattern of a CSMA policy, and show that this unlocking mechanism can be used to obtain a much improved delay performance without significantly reducing the throughput. While our analysis has been carried out for the special case of an interference graph with a grid (lattice) topology, we provide numerical case studies for general network topologies and show that the intuition obtained from the analysis carries over to these general cases. We also illustrate the performance of the proposed CSMA policy when combined with a flow control mechanism.
Different perspective and approach to implement adaptive normalised belief propagation-based decoding for low-density parity check codes (2012)

In this study, the authors propose an improved version of the min-sum algorithm for low-density parity check code decoding, which the authors call ‘adaptive normalised BP-based’ algorithm. Their decoder provides a compromise solution between belief propagation and the min-sum algorithms by adding an exponent offset to each variable node's intrinsic information in the check node update equation. The extrinsic information from the min-sum decoder is then adjusted by applying a negative power of the two scale factor, which can be easily implemented by right shifting the min-sum extrinsic information. The difference between their approach and other adaptive normalised min-sum decoders is that the authors select the normalisation scale factor using a clear analytical approach based on the underlying principles. The simulation results show that the proposed decoder outperforms the min-sum decoder and performs very close to the BP decoder with lower complexity.
Integrated Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Plant Hormones Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Coordinate Growth and Defense Responses upon Fungal Infection in Poplar (2019)

Plants have evolved a sophisticated system to respond to various stresses. Fungal attack or infection is one of the most important biotic stresses for most plants. During the defense response to fungal infection, the plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play critical roles. Here, gene expression data on JA/SA treatments and Melampsora larici-populina (MLP) infection were generated. Integrated transcriptome analyses of these data were performed, and 943 genes in total were identified as common responsive genes (CRG). Gene ontology (GO) term analysis revealed that the genes from CRG are generally involved in the processes of stress responses, metabolism, and growth and development. The further cluster analysis of the CRG identified a set of core genes that are involved in the JA/SA-mediated response to fungal defense with distinct gene expression profiles upon JA/SA treatment, which highlighted the different effects of these two hormones on plant fungal defenses. The modifications of several pathways relative to metabolism, biotic stress, and plant hormone signal pathways suggest the possible roles of JA/SA on the regulation of growth and defense responses. Co-expression modules (CMs) were also constructed using the poplar expression data on JA, SA, M. larici-populina, Septoria musiva, and Marssonina brunnea treatment or infection. A total of 23 CMs were constructed, and different CMs clearly exhibited distinct biological functions, which conformably regulated the concerted processes in response to fungal defense. Furthermore, the GO term analysis of different CMs confirmed the roles of JA and SA in regulating growth and defense responses, and their expression profiles suggested that the growth ability was reduced when poplar deployed defense responses. Several transcription factors (TFs) among the CRG in the co-expression network were proposed as hub genes in regulating these processes. According to this study, our data finely uncovered the possible roles of JA/SA in regulating the balance between growth and defense responses by integrating multiple hormone signaling pathways. We were also able to provide more knowledge on how the plant hormones JA/SA are involved in the regulation of the balance between growth and plant defense.
Blood coagulation parameter abnormalities in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Ethiopia (2021)

In this study, prolonged prothrombin time and elevated INR were detected in more than 50% of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Thrombocytopenia and prolonged APTT were dominant in COVID-19 patients older than 55 years. Thus, we recommend emphasis to be given for monitoring of platelet count, PT, APTT and INR in hospitalized and admitted COVID-19 patients.
Branch prediction on demand: an energy-efficient solution [microprocessor architecture] (2003)

High-end processors typically incorporate complex branch predictors consisting of many large structures that together consume a notable fraction of total chip power (more than 10% in some cases). Depending on the applications, some of these resources may remain underused for long periods of time. We propose a methodology to reduce the energy consumption of the branch predictor by characterizing prediction demand using profiling and dynamically adjusting predictor resources accordingly. Specifically, we disable components of the hybrid direction predictor and resize the branch target buffer. Detailed simulations show that this approach reduces the energy consumption in the branch predictor by an average of 72% and up to 89% with virtually no impact on prediction accuracy and performance.
Suppression of mode coupling in conductor-backed asymmetric coplanar strips using slow-wave electrodes (2006)

Shorted-ground conductor-backed asymmetric coplanar strips support unwanted noncoplanar modes that adversely affect the performance of such transmission lines at higher frequencies. It is shown that coupling from the desired coplanar mode into the noncoplanar modes can be suppressed using slow-wave electrodes. This suppression scheme is verified by measuring the S-parameters of both conventional and slow-wave transmission lines of this type in the 0.05-50 GHz range.
Video-on-demand over ATM: constant-rate transmission and transport (1996)

We introduce a specific transport and transmission scheme for video-on-demand (VoD) called constant-rate transmission and transport (CRTT). CRTT establishes a constant bit-rate (CBR) virtual channel between the video provider and the viewer's set-top box (STB) and then transmits cells from the provider into this channel at a constant rate. Since we assume that the number of cells in a frame is variable, CRTT requires that some number of cells be built up in an STB buffer before the commencement of playback. The build up, cell transmission rate, and the set-top memory size must be chosen so that there is no starvation or overflow at the STB. We develop fundamental relationships between these parameters for viable CRTT. We then apply the theory to an MPEG encoding of Star Wars and find that the minimal STB memory far CRTT is 23 Mbytes. We also consider varying the constant rate over a small number of intervals. We find, for example, that for Star Wars approximately 2 Mbytes of set-top memory suffices with 32 constant-rate intervals.
A pin in the neck. (2001)

We report a unique case of a 40 year old female who presented with recurrent open safety pin aspiration. She had a long history of personality disorder and self-inflicted injury. On two occasions the open pin was removed with the aid of rigid bronchoscopy. However on one occasion a tracheostomy was required for removal of the safety pin.
Surgical dredging controls turbidity (1994)

The need to remove contaminated and uncontaminated sediments located under a column of water is increasing. Small hydraulic dredges offer flexibility in the removal of sediments in industrial lagoons, wetlands, drinking water ponds, and environmentally sensitive areas.
Linear and Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Derivatives as Excellent Bioinert Glass Coating Materials (2011)

Abstract The non‐specific adsorption of proteins to surfaces in contact with biofluids constitutes a major problem in the biomedical and biotechnological field, due to the initiation of biofilm formation and the resulting improper function of devices. Therefore, non‐fouling surfaces modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) are usually applied. In this study, we report the synthesis of triethoxysilane modified glycerol based polymers of linear and branched architecture for the preparation of covalently attached monolayers on glass. Evaluation of the biocompatibility of these surfaces was performed in comparison to bare non‐coated glass, hydrophobic hexadecane modified glass, and mPEG modified glass as the controls. Protein adsorption of BSA and fibrinogen (1 mg · mL −1 in PBS) after 4 and 24 h immersion was reduced by more than 96 and 90%, respectively, compared to the adsorption on bare glass substrates. In addition, mouse NIH‐3T3 fibroblast cells showed only marginal adhesion on the polyglycerol and mPEG coated slides after 3 and 7 d incubation in cell suspension, which demonstrates the long‐term stability of the applied glass coatings. The non‐adhesive properties of these coatings were further reflected in bacterial adhesion tests of Escherichia coli K12 and three clinically relevant Gram‐positive and negative strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aeromonas hydrophila), since linear polyglycerol (LPG(OH)), linear poly(methyl glycerol) (LPG(OMe)), and hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) reduced the adhesion for all tested strains by more than 99% compared to bare glass. Therefore, polyglycerol derivatives present an excellent non‐fouling surface coating as an alternative to PEG with feasibility for surface modification of various substrates.
Fast nearest-neighbor search in disk-resident graphs (2010)

Link prediction, personalized graph search, fraud detection, and many such graph mining problems revolve around the computation of the most "similar" k nodes to a given query node. One widely used class of similarity measures is based on random walks on graphs, e.g., personalized pagerank, hitting and commute times, and simrank. There are two fundamental problems associated with these measures. First, existing online algorithms typically examine the local neighborhood of the query node which can become significantly slower whenever high-degree nodes are encountered (a common phenomenon in real-world graphs). We prove that turning high degree nodes into sinks results in only a small approximation error, while greatly improving running times. The second problem is that of computing similarities at query time when the graph is too large to be memory-resident. The obvious solution is to split the graph into clusters of nodes and store each cluster on a disk page; ideally random walks will rarely cross cluster boundaries and cause page-faults. Our contributions here are twofold: (a) we present an efficient deterministic algorithm to find the k closest neighbors (in terms of personalized pagerank) of any query node in such a clustered graph, and (b) we develop a clustering algorithm (RWDISK) that uses only sequential sweeps over data files. Empirical results on several large publicly available graphs like DBLP, Citeseer and Live-Journal (~ 90 M edges) demonstrate that turning high degree nodes into sinks not only improves running time of RWDISK by a factor of 3 but also boosts link prediction accuracy by a factor of 4 on average. We also show that RWDISK returns more desirable (high conductance and small size) clusters than the popular clustering algorithm METIS, while requiring much less memory. Finally our deterministic algorithm for computing nearest neighbors incurs far fewer page-faults (factor of 5) than actually simulating random walks.
The Dilemma of Recruiting, Rewarding, Retaining or Retraining Technically Competent Faculty in Higher Education (2002)

In today's educational arena, it is easy to find competent faculty who are outstanding in their disciplines. However, finding faculty members who are also competent in technological skills in another matter altogether. This article explores the problems institutions of higher learning face today in their quest to employ technologically competitive faculty members, and logically explains why most educators are reluctant to utilize that same technology. Remedies that address these issues are discussed and solutions are offered to help engage more educators to utilize current technologies in their teaching.
Probabilistic spatial dictionary based online adaptive beamforming for meeting recognition in noisy and reverberant environments (2017)

Here we propose online adaptive beamforming for automatic speech recognition (ASR) in meetings in noisy, reverberant environments. The proposed method is based on recently developed mask-based beamforming, in which accurate mask estimation and diarization are paramount. Real-world experiments have shown that mask-based beamforming enables accurate ASR in meetings in small noise and reverberation with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 15–25 dB and a reverberation time (RT) of 120–350 ms. In this paper, we deal with a more adverse condition: meetings in large noise and reverberation with an SNR of 3–15 dB and an RT of 500 ms. To this end, we exploit a probabilistic spatial dictionary, a dictionary that consists of a pre-trained probability distribution of source location features for each potential speaker location. This dictionary enables us to perform mask estimation and diarization for beamforming accurately, even in the above adverse condition. The proposed method reduced the word error rate (WER) on real meeting data by 54.8% relative to our previous beamforming method.
Eye-readable gasochromic and optical hydrogen gas sensor based on CuS–Pd (2014)

A CuS–Pd nanohybrid functions as a naked eye detectable H<sub>2</sub> chemochromic and optical sensor by taking an advantage of a decrease in localized surface plasmon resonance due to a reduction in free carrier density.
Why I am optimistic about the silicon-photonic route to quantum computing (2017)

This is a short overview explaining how building a large-scale, silicon-photonic quantum computer has been reduced to the creation of good sources of 3-photon entangled states (and may simplify further). Given such sources, each photon needs to pass through a small, constant, number of components, interfering with at most 2 other spatially nearby photons, and current photonics engineering has already demonstrated the manufacture of thousands of components on two-dimensional semiconductor chips with performance that, once scaled up, allows the creation of tens of thousands of photons entangled in a state universal for quantum computation. At present the fully integrated, silicon-photonic architecture we envisage involves creating the required entangled states by starting with single-photons produced non-deterministically by pumping silicon waveguides (or cavities) combined with on-chip filters and nanowire superconducting detectors to herald that a photon has been produced. These sources are multiplexed into being near-deterministic, and the single photons then passed through an interferometer to non-deterministically produce small entangled states—necessarily multiplexed to near-determinism again. This is followed by a “ballistic” scattering of the small-scale entangled photons through an interferometer such that some photons are detected, leaving the remainder in a large-scale entangled state which is provably universal for quantum computing implemented by single-photon measurements. There are a large number of questions regarding the optimum ways to make and use the final cluster state, dealing with static imperfections, constructing the initial entangled photon sources and so on, that need to be investigated before we can aim for millions of qubits capable of billions of computational time steps. The focus in this article is on the theoretical side of such questions.