gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel reagent and method for direct determination of chloride in serum with a centrifugal analyzer. (1980)

We report a novel reagent containing ferric perchlorate, perchloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij 35) with which the concentration of chloride in serum can be measured. We applied this reagent to use with a centrifugal analyzer (CentrifiChem 400) in a dynamic bichromatic procedure, resulting in broad linearity of the standard curve (0-180 mmol/L), short analysis time (1 min), and little interference from bilirubin, hemoglobin, turbidity, or bromide ions. The reagent is simple, contains no mercury, and the combination of low acid concentration and surfactant prevents serum protein precipitation. Precision is good (for x- = 93 mmol/L, CV = 1.55%), and results correlate well with those obtained by coulometry (r = 0.974).
High Vth Compensation Range AMOLED Pixel Circuit Based on A Dual Gate a-IGZO TFT and A Specially Amplified Capacitor (2023)

This article presents a new voltage-programmed pixel circuit based on a dual gate a-IGZO thin film transistor (TFT) and a specially amplified capacitor (C) to effectively compensate threshold voltage (Vth) variations of a dual gate driving TFT, which can maintain the pixel brightness of active matrix organic light-emitting diodes (AMOLED) displays. The proposed new circuit contains six TFTs and three capacitors. The focus of this paper is using a dual gate TFT and introducing an amplified capacitor to regulate the gate node potential of driving TFT, which can greatly broaden the Vth compensation range of the driving TFT from -1.0 V~1.0 V to -1.8 V~2.4 V by means of simulation.
Clinical disease activity and flare in SLE: Current concepts and novel biomarkers (2021)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and heterogeneous systemic autoimmune disease associated with innate and adaptive immune dysregulation. SLE occurs primarily in females of childbearing age, with increased prevalence and severity in minority populations. Despite improvements in treatment modalities, SLE patients frequently experience periods of heightened disease activity and flare that can lead to permanent organ damage, increased morbidity, and early mortality. Such outcomes impair quality of life and inflict a significant socioeconomic burden. Predicting changes in SLE disease activity could allow for closer monitoring and preemptive treatment, but existing clinical, demographic and serologic markers have been only modestly predictive. Novel, proactive approaches to clinical disease management are thus critically needed. Panels of blood biomarkers can detect a breadth of immune pathway dysregulation that captures SLE heterogeneity and disease activity. Alterations in the balance of pro-inflammatory and regulatory soluble mediators have been associated with changes in clinical disease activity and are detectable several weeks prior to clinical flare occurrence. A soluble mediator score has been highly predictive of impending flare in both European American and African American SLE patients, and this score does not require a priori knowledge of specific pathway activation in the patient. We review current concepts of disease activity and flare in SLE, focusing on the potential of novel blood biomarkers to characterize and predict changes in disease activity. Measuring the disordered immune response in SLE in this way promises to improve disease management and prevent organ damage in SLE.
Identification of Cyanobacteriochromes Detecting Far-Red Light (2016)

The opacity of mammalian tissue to visible light and the strong attenuation of infrared light by water at ≥900 nm have contributed to growing interest in the development of far-red and near-infrared absorbing tools for visualizing and actuating responses within live cells. Here we report the discovery of cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) responsive to light in this far-red window. CBCRs are linear tetrapyrrole (bilin)-based light sensors distantly related to plant phytochrome sensors. Our studies reveal far-red (λmax = 725-755 nm)/orange (λmax = 590-600 nm) and far-red/red (λmax = 615-685 nm) photoswitches that are small (<200 amino acids) and can be genetically reconstituted in living cells. Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of additional CBCRs demonstrated that far-red/orange CBCRs evolved after a complex transition from green/red CBCRs known for regulating complementary chromatic acclimation. Incorporation of different bilin chromophores demonstrated that tuning mechanisms responsible for red-shifted chromophore absorption act at the A-, B-, and/or C-rings, whereas photoisomerization occurs at the D-ring. Two such proteins exhibited detectable fluorescence extending well into the near-infrared region. This work extends the spectral window of CBCRs to the edge of the infrared, raising the possibility of using CBCRs in synthetic biology applications in the far-red region of the spectrum.
Setting Allocations and Prices in Auctions (2016)

This disclosure describes techniques to rank advertisers in an auction, such as an auction for advertisements delivered over the Internet. Advertisers that participate in the auction are classified into two types. The first type includes advertisers that make use of remarketing lists, or other valuable information. The second type includes advertisers that do not use remarketing lists. Bids from advertisers of the first type are adjusted to a virtual bid prior to conducting the ad auction. Bidders are ranked on the basis of their bids. Prices that the winning bidders pay, e.g., price per click, are adjusted by a scaling factor. Incorporating such techniques in ad auctions can enable greater revenue for advertising networks and content owners.
Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Sotrastaurin Selectively Inhibits the Growth of CD79 Mutant Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas (2011)

The activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) correlates with poor prognosis. The ABC subtype of DLBCL is associated with constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway, and oncogenic lesions have been identified in its regulators, including CARD11/CARMA1 (caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11), A20/TNFAIP3, and CD79A/B. In this study, we offer evidence of therapeutic potential for the selective PKC (protein kinase C) inhibitor sotrastaurin (STN) in preclinical models of DLBCL. A significant fraction of ABC DLBCL cell lines exhibited strong sensitivity to STN, and we found that the molecular nature of NF-κB pathway lesions predicted responsiveness. CD79A/B mutations correlated with STN sensitivity, whereas CARD11 mutations rendered ABC DLBCL cell lines insensitive. Growth inhibitory effects of PKC inhibition correlated with NF-κB pathway inhibition and were mediated by induction of G₁-phase cell-cycle arrest and/or cell death. We found that STN produced significant antitumor effects in a mouse xenograft model of CD79A/B-mutated DLBCL. Collectively, our findings offer a strong rationale for the clinical evaluation of STN in ABC DLBCL patients who harbor CD79 mutations also illustrating the necessity to stratify DLBCL patients according to their genetic abnormalities.
Joint Beamforming and Echo Cancellation Combining QRD Based Multichannel AEC and MVDR for Reducing Noise and Non-Linear Echo (2018)

The problems of echo and noise contaminating a desired talker signal in a communication or an entertainment device are considered. In the following, we propose a combined method comprising a linear echo-canceller followed by a weighted minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer designed to reduce noise and echo residues. For the echo-canceller stage we use a fast-converging multichannel Q R decomposition (QRD)-recursive least squares (RLS) method. For the beamformer stage, we adopt and modify our recently proposed method of a fast-tracking QRD based MVDR beamformer [1]. We model that the residual echo is dominated by non-linearly distorted components which undergo the same echo paths as the non-distorted component. Thereby, the MVDR beamformer is designed to minimize a weighted sum of the powers of the noise and of the non-linear echo while maintaining the desired talker undistorted. The computational and memory complexities of the proposed algorithm are sufficiently low, making it appropriate for implementation in mobile devices. The performance of the proposed method is tested using real recordings from two commercial devices, a mobile-phone and a smart-speaker.
[From gene to disease; from CACNA1A to migraine]. (2001)

Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant subtype of migraine with aura. FHM is associated in half the families with mutations in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19P13, encoding the alpha-1A subunit of brain-specific P/Q-type calcium channels. P/Q-type calcium channels are important in neurotransmitter release. The first functional studies indicate that mutations causing FHM result in a gain or loss of function of P/Q-type calcium channels. Affected sib-pair analysis in families with migraine with and without aura indicates involvement of the CACNA1A gene in these more frequent types of migraine.
Synthesis of diamonds by use of microwave plasma chemical-vapor deposition: Morphology and growth of diamond films (1988)

An investigation is made of the surface morphology and growth of polycrystalline diamond films deposited on Si substrates using the microwave plasma chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) method. For the source gas, ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gases mixed in different concentrations are used. Scanning electron microscope pictures of the diamond films synthesized for 7 h show that the film surface consists of triangular (111) diamond faces for ${\mathrm{CH}}_{4}$ concentrations c0.4 vol %, whereas square (100) faces are predominant above c\ensuremath{\simeq}0.4 vol %. For c\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1.2 vol %, the number density of (100) faces decreases with c and finally at c\ensuremath{\simeq}1.6 vol % the film surface becomes entirely structureless, consisting of microcrystallites only. For characterization of the films, x-ray and electron diffraction are measured along with Raman and infrared spectra. In the study of the evolution of surface morphology during film growth, it is found that diamond particles grown on the substrate initially increase their size almost uniformly until the substrate is entirely covered. Then a secondary growth takes place, followed by surface-restructuring processes such as ``fusion'' and ``absorption'' among secondary crystallites. As a result, well-defined diamond faces are formed progressively on the film surface. Higher-order growths followed by the restructuring processes occur periodically as the CVD synthesis proceeds.
Popup (2019)

Collecting a sufficient amount of 3D training data for autonomous vehicles to handle rare, but critical, traffic events (e.g., collisions) may take decades of deployment. Abundant video data of such events from municipal traffic cameras and video sharing sites (e.g., YouTube) could provide a potential alternative, but generating realistic training data in the form of 3D video reconstructions is a challenging task beyond the current capabilities of computer vision. Crowdsourcing the annotation of necessary information could bridge this gap, but the level of accuracy required to obtain usable reconstructions makes this task nearly impossible for non-experts. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid intelligence method that combines annotations from workers viewing different instances (video frames) of the same target (3D object), and uses particle filtering to aggregate responses. Our approach can leveraging temporal dependencies between video frames, enabling higher quality through more aggressive filtering. The proposed method results in a 33% reduction in the relative error of position estimation compared to a state-of-the-art baseline. Moreover, our method enables skipping (self-filtering) challenging annotations, reducing the total annotation time for hard-to-annotate frames by 16%. Our approach provides a generalizable means of aggregating more accurate crowd responses in settings where annotation is especially challenging or error-prone.
Graphene-based non-Boolean logic circuits (2013)

Graphene revealed a number of unique properties beneficial for electronics. However, graphene does not have an energy band-gap, which presents a serious hurdle for its applications in digital logic gates. The efforts to induce a band-gap in graphene via quantum confinement or surface functionalization have not resulted in a breakthrough. Here we show that the negative differential resistance experimentally observed in graphene field-effect transistors of “conventional” design allows for construction of viable non-Boolean computational architectures with the gapless graphene. The negative differential resistance—observed under certain biasing schemes—is an intrinsic property of graphene, resulting from its symmetric band structure. Our atomistic modeling shows that the negative differential resistance appears not only in the drift-diffusion regime but also in the ballistic regime at the nanometer-scale—although the physics changes. The obtained results present a conceptual change in graphene research and indicate an alternative route for graphene's applications in information processing.
Monkey (2017)

In this paper, we show that key-value stores backed by an LSM-tree exhibit an intrinsic trade-off between lookup cost, update cost, and main memory footprint, yet all existing designs expose a suboptimal and difficult to tune trade-off among these metrics. We pinpoint the problem to the fact that all modern key-value stores suboptimally co-tune the merge policy, the buffer size, and the Bloom filters' false positive rates in each level.
Electrostatic Discharge (2015)

Chapter 1 introduces the reader to think about the role of resistance, capacitance and inductance in the ESD design of semiconductor chips. The spatial distribution within the device, circuit or chip in space and time is addressed. Transmission line representations of distributed systems will be viewed from the perspective of the ESD event, and the scale of the analysis. Additionally, ESD metrics and ESD business strategy will be discussed. The chapter lays the foundation for the future chapters.
Identification of an immunosuppressive epitope of type II collagen that confers protection against collagen-induced arthritis. (1989)

We have previously reported that collagen-induced arthritis can be suppressed by intravenous injection of native type II (CII) but not type I collagen. We have now identified denatured fragments of CII capable of suppressing collagen-induced arthritis and inducing tolerance. Purified CII was cleaved with cyanogen bromide (CB), and the major resulting peptides were isolated. Female DBA/1 mice were administered OVA, native CII, or one of the CB peptides, intravenously, before immunization with native CII, 6 wk after immunization, mice tolerized with CII and CB11 had a markedly lower incidence of arthritis compared with controls. There was a correlation between the overall antibody response and the incidence of arthritis. In addition, animals tolerized with either CII or CB11 had a decreased antibody response not only to CII, but also to each of the other CB peptides tested. To identify the epitope involved in suppression of arthritis, five synthetic peptides, 21-26 amino acids in length, corresponding to selected regions of CB11, were generated. Each of the peptides was injected intravenously into mice before immunization. Only one of these, CB11 122-147, was capable of suppressing arthritis. In addition, mice given the synthetic peptide CB11 122-147 neonatally were suppressed for arthritis and antibody responsiveness when immunized with CII at 8 wk of age. Thus, we have identified CB11 122-147 as an epitope of CII important in induction of tolerance and suppression of disease. Further experiments narrowing down the pivotal amino acids for the immunogenicity of this epitope and the role this epitope plays in induction and regulation of disease will enhance our understanding of how the immune response to collagen affects autoimmune arthritis.
Apparatus and method for measuring tactile sensation localized on the optic Cornea (1994)

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Rational design and synthesis of solution-processable red-emitting Ir(III) complexes for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2017)

Here, we have rationally designed and synthesized multifunctional red-emitting Ir (III) complex, (TPQ)2Ir(acac-OXD) based on thiophene-phenylquinoline (TPQ) as main ligand and acetyl acetonate-linked functional group (acac-OXD) as ancillary ligands for highly efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). Synthesized Ir(III) complexes were characterized by 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy and their absorption, emission and cyclic voltammetry were steadily investigated. The Ir(III) complex have shown high thermal stability, and exhibited deep-red emission with high quantum yield. In particular, (TPQ)2Ir(acac-OXD) has shown higher quantum yield than (TPQ)2Ir(acac). When utilized these complex in solution-processable PhOLEDs, they delivered an excellent device performance.
Head-to-head comparison of 10 plasma phospho-tau assays in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Plasma phospho-tau (p-tau) species have emerged as the most promising blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 measured using 10 assays to detect abnormal brain amyloid-β (Aβ) status and predict future progression to Alzheimer's dementia. The study included 135 patients with baseline diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (mean age 72.4 years; 60.7% women) who were followed for an average of 4.9 years. Seventy-one participants had abnormal Aβ-status (i.e. abnormal CSF Aβ42/40) at baseline; and 45 of these Aβ-positive participants progressed to Alzheimer's dementia during follow-up. P-tau concentrations were determined in baseline plasma and CSF. P-tau217 and p-tau181 were both measured using immunoassays developed by Lilly Research Laboratories (Lilly) and mass spectrometry assays developed at Washington University (WashU). P-tau217 was also analysed using Simoa immunoassay developed by Janssen Research and Development (Janss). P-tau181 was measured using Simoa immunoassay from ADxNeurosciences (ADx), Lumipulse immunoassay from Fujirebio (Fuji) and Splex immunoassay from Mesoscale Discovery (Splex). Both p-tau181 and p-tau231 were quantified using Simoa immunoassay developed at the University of Gothenburg (UGOT). We found that the mass spectrometry-based p-tau217 (p-tau217WashU) exhibited significantly better performance than all other plasma p-tau biomarkers when detecting abnormal Aβ status [area under curve (AUC) = 0.947; Pdiff < 0.015] or progression to Alzheimer's dementia (AUC = 0.932; Pdiff < 0.027). Among immunoassays, p-tau217Lilly had the highest AUCs (0.886-0.889), which was not significantly different from the AUCs of p-tau217Janss, p-tau181ADx and p-tau181WashU (AUCrange 0.835-0.872; Pdiff > 0.09), but higher compared with AUC of p-tau231UGOT, p-tau181Lilly, p-tau181UGOT, p-tau181Fuji and p-tau181Splex (AUCrange 0.642-0.813; Pdiff ≤ 0.029). Correlations between plasma and CSF values were strongest for p-tau217WashU (R = 0.891) followed by p-tau217Lilly (R = 0.755; Pdiff = 0.003 versus p-tau217WashU) and weak to moderate for the rest of the p-tau biomarkers (Rrange 0.320-0.669). In conclusion, our findings suggest that among all tested plasma p-tau assays, mass spectrometry-based measures of p-tau217 perform best when identifying mild cognitive impairment patients with abnormal brain Aβ or those who will subsequently progress to Alzheimer's dementia. Several other assays (p-tau217Lilly, p-tau217Janss, p-tau181ADx and p-tau181WashU) showed relatively high and consistent accuracy across both outcomes. The results further indicate that the highest performing assays have performance metrics that rival the gold standards of Aβ-PET and CSF. If further validated, our findings will have significant impacts in diagnosis, screening and treatment for Alzheimer's dementia in the future.
Vehicle-triggered video compression/decompression for fast and efficient searching in large video databases (2013)

Video cameras are widely deployed along city streets, interstate highways, traffic lights, stop signs and toll booths by entities that perform traffic monitoring and law enforcement. The videos captured by these cameras are typically compressed and stored in large databases. Performing a rapid search for a specific vehicle within a large database of compressed videos is often required and can be a time-critical life or death situation. In this paper, we propose video compression and decompression algorithms that enable fast and efficient vehicle or, more generally, event searches in large video databases. The proposed algorithm selects reference frames (i.e., I-frames) based on a vehicle having been detected at a specified position within the scene being monitored while compressing a video sequence. A search for a specific vehicle in the compressed video stream is performed across the reference frames only, which does not require decompression of the full video sequence as in traditional search algorithms. Our experimental results on videos captured in a local road show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the search space (thus reducing time and computational resources) in vehicle search tasks within compressed video streams, particularly those captured in light traffic volume conditions.
The Acoustical Characteristics of the Normal Temporomandibular Joint (1988)

Both clinical and empirical evidence suggests that the "normal" temporomandibular joint produces noise during function. The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions under which these noises might arise. Joint sounds and mandibular movements were recorded simultaneously from 200 adults who had no previous history or present symptoms of TMJ pain or dysfunction. The joint sounds were recorded bilaterally by means of two separate miniature vibration transducers mounted on a common headband, and incisal point mandibular movements were measured by a magnetometer tracking system. Recordings were made while each subject opened and closed the mouth, first in a natural and comfortable manner, and then to maximum displacement. Two types of measurements were made: the appearance, onset, and duration of joint-propagated sounds in relation to relative mandibular position; and the spectral properties of the detected sounds. The results of this study showed that for natural opening and closing movements of the mandible, the "normal" TMJ was silent for all age groups. However, for the maximum displacement condition, detectable sounds appeared at the points of maximum displacement in both the opening and closing phases of the cycle in over 80 percent of the subjects. However, these sounds were, as a class, substantially longer than, and spectrally distinct from, abnormal joint sounds, suggesting that they arise from a distinct physical substrate.