gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Registration of challenging pre-clinical brain images (2013)

The size and complexity of brain imaging studies in pre-clinical populations are increasing, and automated image analysis pipelines are urgently required. Pre-clinical populations can be subjected to controlled interventions (e.g., targeted lesions), which significantly change the appearance of the brain obtained by imaging. Existing systems for registration (the systematic alignment of scans into a consistent anatomical coordinate system), which assume image similarity to a reference scan, may fail when applied to these images. However, affine registration is a particularly vital pre-processing step for subsequent image analysis which is assumed to be an effective procedure in recent literature describing sophisticated techniques such as manifold learning. Therefore, in this paper, we present an affine registration solution that uses a graphical model of a population to decompose difficult pairwise registrations into a composition of steps using other members of the population. We developed this methodology in the context of a pre-clinical model of stroke in which large, variable hyper-intense lesions significantly impact registration performance. We tested this technique systematically in a simulated human population of brain tumour images before applying it to pre-clinical models of Parkinson's disease and stroke.
The Effect of Defined Lipopolysaccharide Core Defects upon Antibiotic Resistances of Salmonella typhimurium (1977)

Antibiotic resistances of two sets of Salmonella typhimurium rfa transductants (along with those of their smooth pyrE + and cysE + sister transductants) were measured. One set was derived from a pyrE smooth LT2 parent and the other from a cysE smooth LT7 parent. Results showed that strains with defects at the rfa(R-res-2) level and deeper were more susceptible to bacitracin, novobiocin and polymyxin. Those with defects at the rfaG level or deeper were in addition more sensitive to vancomycin, erythromycin, oxacillin and nafcillin. At these levels the presence or absence of galactose I or glucose I from the lipopolysaccharide core made a considerable difference. A heptose-less rfaE mutant was the most sensitive of the strains tested to the above named antibiotics. Strains with rfa lesions at several levels of defect showed slight increases in resistances to tetracycline, cephalothin, ampicillin and penicillin. One would expect strains with galE mutations to be similar to rfa(R-res-2) strains and those with galU mutations to be similar to rfaG strains if the core defects accounted for the differing antibiotic resistances. They proved to be so except that the galE and galU strains in the S. typhimurium FIRN line were as resistant to novobiocin as were smooth strains. The results are interpreted in respect to Nikaido's hypothesis that hydrophilic antibiotics with molecular weights of less than about 650 can gain access to the periplasmic space through protein-lined, water-filled pores and that hydrophobic ones can gain access in deep rough strains when phospholipid patches appear on the surface due to absence of polysaccharides and proteins.
Digital signal processing techniques in truck tire vibration and sound analysis (2005)

Digital signal processing has some significant advantages in analysis of vibration and sound data. The authors have assembled a multiple channel vibration and sound data acquisition and analysis system that includes FM radio telemetry capability. The FM multichannel recorder of the data acquisition link is interfaced with a large digital computer through a digital waveform recorder and minicomputer. Signal processing is accomplished with software that provides for analysis in both the time and frequency domains. The system components are described. The capability of digital signal processing in cross spectral analysis and in the separation of random and periodic components of signals is discussed. Results of such analyses for truck tire vibration and sound signals are presented.
Changes in skin physiology and clinical appearance after microdroplet placement of hyaluronic acid in aging hands (2009)

Skin revitalization with injectable HA can improve clinical appearance and skin physiology parameters on the back of the hands. It has been shown that S-HA has better effects when compared with NS-HA.
Compliance with Handwashing in a Teaching Hospital (1999)

Compliance with handwashing was moderate. Variation across hospital ward and type of health care worker suggests that targeted educational programs may be useful. Even though observational data cannot prove causality, the association between noncompliance and intensity of care suggests that understaffing may decrease quality of patient care.
Extracellular Enzymes and Nutritional Physiology of <i>Ampelomyces quisqualis</i> Ces., Hyperparasite of Powdery Mildew, in vitro (1985)

Abstract In vitro , the powdery’ mildew hyperparasite Ampelomyces quisqualis produced constitutively two groups of extracellular enzymes; β‐glucosidase, β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase and acid phosphatase possessing unusual high molecular weights (M, about 340 000), and ribonuclease, β‐l→3‐glucanase and α‐l→4‐glucanase representing smaller molecules (M, about 15 000–55 000). As can be concluded from adsorption to Concanavalin A‐Sepharose 4 B, these enzymes are of glycoprotein nature Furthermore, traces of phospholipase could be detected in all of the isolates tested, whereas only phosphorylated carbohydrate components and nucleotides including cAMP as nutrients. The results of these studies suggest that in the biotrophic phase of parasitization A. qwsqualis interferes with energy metabolism, protein synthesis, cell wall synthesis and, possibly, regulation of the host, whereas proteins and membranes remain nearly unaffected. Thus, depletion of the energy reserves of the powdery mildew may be mainly responsible for the degeneration of host ultrastructure which represents the beginning of the necrotrophic phase of parasitization.
Orthogonality of Syntax and Semantics within Distributional Spaces (2015)

Jeff Mitchell, Mark Steedman. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2015.
Ring-shaped deposition patterns in small nozzle-to-plate distance impactors (2017)

Experiments were carried out in an impactor, where the distance between the impactor nozzle and the impactor plate was small, much less than one nozzle diameter in separation. The aerosol deposition patterns in this impactor were investigated for aerosols in the 3–15 μm diameter range. Ring-shaped deposition patterns were observed where the internal diameter and thickness of the rings were a function of the particle diameter. Specifically, the inner diameter and ring thickness were correlated to the Stokes number, Stk; the ring diameter decreased with Stk, and the ring thickness increased with Stk. At Stk∼0.4 the ring closed up, leaving a mostly uniform disk deposition pattern. These ring patterns do not appear to correspond to patterns previously described in the literature, and an order of magnitude analysis shows that this is an inertially dominated process.Copyright © 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research
Pathways of memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T‐cell development (2009)

CD8(+) T-cell responses must have at least two components, a replicative cell type that proliferates in the secondary lymphoid tissue and that is responsible for clonal expansion, and cytotoxic cells with effector functions that mediate the resolution of the infection in the peripheral tissues. To confer memory, the response must also generate replication-competent T cells that persist in the absence of antigen after the primary infection is cleared. The current models of memory differentiation differ in regards to whether or not memory CD8(+) T cells acquire effector functions during their development. In this review we discuss the existing models for memory development and the consequences that the recent finding that memory CD8(+) T cells may express granzyme B during their development has for them. We propose that memory CD8(+) T cells represent a self-renewing population of T cells that may acquire effector functions but that do not lose the naïve-like attributes of lymphoid homing, antigen-independent persistence or the capacity for self-renewal.
Current surgical options for keratoconus (2003)

The treatment of keratoconus is partly dependent on the severity of the disease process. When contact lenses fail because the patient is intolerant or they do not provide sufficient acuity to meet the patient's needs, penetrating keratoplasty is the usual surgical modality for adequate visual rehabilitation. Keratoconus is considered a contraindication to incisional refractive surgery such as radial keratotomy and laser in situ keratomileusis because of the corneal instability conferred by these procedures. When the cornea is transparent, intrastromal corneal ring implantation is a refractive modality that may improve visual function and, in select keratoconus patients, obviate the need for corneal transplantation.
Regulation and small business (2017)

This article has three aims. First, it surveys the literature examining the claim that small businesses experience regulation more keenly than larger businesses. The survey indicates that, relative to their size, the burden of regulation is higher on smaller businesses where regulations impose the same requirements regardless of firm size. Second it demonstrates how a tiered regulatory approach can increase the net societal benefit of regulation. However, it also shows how tiering can have the unintended consequence of providing disincentives for small firms to grow due to more favourable treatment for remaining under tiering thresholds. The article concludes that reducing the burden of regulation and making compliance easier will typically increase the net benefits of small businesses regulation. This improvement results from increasing compliance rates and reduced compliance costs.
Discovery of a novel imprinted gene by transcriptional analysis of parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (2010)

Our findings suggest that PESCs could be used as a model for studying genomic imprinting, and in the discovery of novel imprinted genes.
Glycogen phosphorylase inhibition as a therapeutic target: a review of the recent patent literature (2006)

There are three human isoforms of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) distinctly located in brain, liver and skeletal muscle tissue. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen phosphorylase activity in liver is a proposed strategy to attenuate overproduction of glucose and hence limit the pathogenic consequences of chronic hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diabetes. The fact that many GP inhibitors appear most active only while blood glucose levels are high provides this class of drug with an attractive clinical profile. Proof-of-concept appears robust in preclinical models but final validation in humans is still required. GP inhibitors are most commonly proposed as potential therapies for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and related diabetic complications, giving cardioprotection and antitumour properties. This review outlines the claims of the recent patent literature relating to novel structures of GP inhibitors and their mechanism of action as a therapeutic agent.
<title>Pulsed excimer lasers for thin film applications</title> (2004)

Ongoing progress in material research and processing industry is fueled to a large extent by the technique of pulsed laser deposition (PLD). With this powerful and versatile deposition method, multi-component target materials can be ablated and deposited onto a substrate to form functional layers with tailored physical properties. Monitoring of growth parameters such as thickness and surface roughness is mostly performed in-situ via electron diffraction or other diagnostic tools. High pulse energy excimer lasers with photon energies as high as 7.9 eV lend maximum flexibility to the technique of pulsed laser deposition since virtually every target material is amenable to excimer laser ablation and its subsequent stoichiometric transfer to a substrat. Spectral properties as well as recent technical advances in excimer lasers for thin film applications are shown in this paper.
3D Cadastre visualization and dissemination: Most recent progresses and future directions (2016)

The 3D Cadastre has been investigated from many viewpoints (including legal, organizational\nand technical). However, to date little research has focused specifically on visualizationrelated\naspects despite the value-added of the third dimension. The paper first proposes an\noverview of progress made in the last five years in 3D cadastral visualization. The authors\nthen summarize discussions at the 2014 3D Cadastre workshop regarding future research and\ndevelopment on the topic. This synthesis is complemented by a broad review of the most\nrecent advances in 3D visualization beyond the 3D cadastral domain, with the goal of\nproviding a number of important directions for further work, allowing researchers, developers\nand users to consolidate their respective activities, and encouraging collaboration.
Cryogenic on-orbit liquid depot storage acquisition and transfer (COLD-SAT) experiment subsystem instrumentation and wire harness design report (1994)

Subcritical cryogens such as liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LO2) are required for space based transportation propellant, reactant, and life support systems. Future long-duration space missions will require on-orbit systems capable of long-term cryogen storage and efficient fluid transfer capabilities. COLD-SAT, which stands for cryogenic orbiting liquid depot-storage acquisition and transfer, is a free-flying liquid hydrogen management flight experiment. Experiments to determine optimum methods of fluid storage and transfer will be performed on the COLD-SAT mission. The success of the mission is directly related to the type and accuracy of measurements made. The instrumentation and measurement techniques used are therefore critical to the success of the mission. This paper presents the results of the COLD-SAT experiment subsystem instrumentation and wire harness design effort. Candidate transducers capable of fulfilling the COLD-SAT experiment measurement requirements are identified. Signal conditioning techniques, data acquisition requirements, and measurement uncertainty analysis are presented. Electrical harnessing materials and wiring techniques for the instrumentation designed to minimize heat conduction to the cryogenic tanks and provide optimum measurement accuracy are listed.
A Set of Genes Encoding a Second Toluene Efflux System in <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> DOT-T1E Is Linked to the <i>tod</i> Genes for Toluene Metabolism (2000)

Sequence analysis in Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E revealed a second toluene efflux system for toluene metabolism encoded by the ttgDEF genes, which are adjacent to the tod genes. The ttgDEF genes were expressed in response to the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and styrene in the culture medium. To characterize the contribution of the TtgDEF system to toluene tolerance in P. putida, site-directed mutagenesis was used to knock out the gene in the wild-type DOT-T1E strain and in a mutant derivative, DOT-T1E-18. This mutant carried a Tn5 insertion in the ttgABC gene cluster, which encodes a toluene efflux pump that is synthesized constitutively. For site-directed mutagenesis, a cassette to knock out the ttgD gene and encoding resistance to tellurite was constructed in vitro and transferred to the corresponding host chromosome via the suicide plasmid pKNG101. Successful replacement of the wild-type sequences with the mutant cassette was confirmed by Southern hybridization. A single ttgD mutant, DOT-T1E-1, and a double mutant with knock outs in the ttgD and ttgA genes, DOT-T1E-82, were obtained and characterized for toluene tolerance. This was assayed by the sudden addition of toluene (0.3% [vol/vol]) to the liquid culture medium of cells growing on Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (noninduced) or on LB medium with toluene supplied via the gas phase (induced). Induced cells of the single ttgD mutant were more sensitive to sudden toluene shock than were the wild-type cells; however, noninduced wild-type and ttgD mutant cells were equally tolerant to toluene shock. Noninduced cells of the double DOT-T1E-82 mutant did not survive upon sudden toluene shock; however, they still remained viable upon sudden toluene shock if they had been previously induced. These results are discussed in the context of the use of multiple efflux pumps involved in solvent tolerance in P. putida DOT-T1E.
Speed-Up Technique by Pre-Charging Load Capacitor in a SC Residue Circuit (2018)

A novel passive charge re-distribution technique for switched capacitor residue circuits used in pipeline analog to digital converters is presented. It is based on pre-charging the load capacitor to the proper voltage during the previous phase, connecting the pre-charged load capacitor to the output of the operational trans-conductance amplifiers (OTA) during the evaluation phase, and hence pulling the charge so that the initial voltage step in the OTA input is instantaneously minimized. The OTA therefore skips the slew region and enters into the linear settling region, leaving just a minor charge to be moved by the OTA. A double-sampling, OTA-sharing SC residue with 1.5-bit MDAC is designed using 90-nm generic CMOS PDK with 1.2-V supply voltage. Simulation results of a 10-bit, 100 MS/s SC residue with the proposed technique show that the conversion rate can be increased over 30% compared to the conventional SC residue circuit.
Biopolymers for Biosensors: Polypeptide Nanotubes for Optical Biosensing (2008)

In this work, N-carboxy anhydride (NCA) monomer molecules were condensed on the pore walls of an initiator-coated nanoporous alumina template, leading to polypeptide (poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate), PBLG) film formation. Three different ways were followed for peptide nanotube formation: NCA polymerization in solution, in melt and polymerization from surface-nitiated vapor deposition. While the NCA monomer was polymerized within the pores, the wall thickness of the resulting polypeptide was tuned by changing the polymerization time. This polypeptide-coated alumina membrane will be used as planar optical waveguide to monitor both the changes in the refractive index and fluorescent signals of the composite membrane through specific binding of a bioanalyte. We monitored for the first time the in-situ formation of an initiator layer (3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APTE) inside the pores of an alumina membrane via optical waveguide spectroscopy. Attachment of initiator molecule effectively changed the dielectric constants of the interfaces, resulting in detectable shifts of the waveguide modes. We have previously demonstrated that unmodified nanoporous alumina waveguide sensor having a 10 times higher sensitivity than surface plasmon spectroscopy (SPR). The sensitivity may be further increased if the pores are coated with PBLG polypeptides, which has many functional sites on each polypeptide chain.
Development of a Hydraulically Expanded Metal Internal Casing Patch (2005)

Abstract This paper details the technical development & implementation of a Coiled Tubing (CT) deployed, expandable internal metal casing patch. The driver for the development of the technology was to introduce an internal casing patch system for deployment in 7" tubing, designed to extend the completion life and delay a full workover operation. The compliant patch would provide a substantive localised tubing repair (e.g. water shut-off, leak repair, patch corroded pipe) with minimal internal diameter restriction to optimise access for future well interventions, and hence minimise the restriction to oil production (or water injection).
Sulfide stabilization of the cadmium-gamma-glutamyl peptide complex of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (1988)

Addition of cadmium salts to the growth medium of Schizosaccharomyces pombe leads to synthesis of a Cd.gamma-Glu peptide complex and an enhanced generation of sulfide ions. The gamma-Glu peptide complex functions in the detoxification of heavy metal ions. Native Cd.gamma-Glu peptide complexes contain acid-labile sulfide in the metal-thiolate cluster. Two forms of the complex exist differing primarily in their sulfide content. Sulfide concentrations up to 0.2 and 1.2 mol/mol of peptide were observed in native isolates of forms I and II, respectively. Addition of sulfide to the low sulfide form I converted it to a complex similar to form II. Properties of the Cd.gamma-Glu peptide complex were altered by the incorporation of sulfide ions. Sulfide-dependent electronic transitions in the ultraviolet were evident, and the absorbance maximum of the transition was related to the sulfide content and the bound metal ion. High sulfide forms of the Cd and Zn complexes exhibited absorbance peaks at 318 nm and 255 nm, respectively. Incorporation of sulfide into the Cd.gamma-Glu peptide complex imparted greater thermodynamic stability to the complex, an increased Stokes radius, and an enhanced Cd(II) binding capacity. Sulfide generation may be a cellular response in part to enhance the effectiveness of the gamma-Glu peptide system for Cd(II) detoxification.
Secretome of Mesenchymal Progenitors from the Umbilical Cord Acts as Modulator of Neural/Glial Proliferation and Differentiation (2014)

It was recently shown that the conditioned media (CM) of Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cells (HUCPVCs), a mesenchymal progenitor population residing within the Wharton Jelly of the umbilical cord, was able to modulate in vitro the survival and viability of different neuronal and glial cells populations. In the present work, we aimed to assess if the secretome of HUCPVCs is able to 1) induce the differentiation of human telencephalon neural precursor cells (htNPCs) in vitro, and 2) modulate neural/glial proliferation, differentiation and survival in the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult rat hippocampus. For this purpose, two separate experimental setups were performed: 1) htNPCs were incubated with HUCPVCs-CM for 5 days after which neuronal differentiation was assessed and, 2) HUCPVCs, or their respective CM, were injected into the DG of young adult rats and their effects assessed 7 days later. Results revealed that the secretome of HUCPVCs was able to increase neuronal cell differentiation in vitro; indeed, higher densities of immature (DCX(+) cells) and mature neurons (MAP-2(+) cells) were observed when htNPCs were incubated with the HUCPVCs-CM. Additionally, when HUCPVCs and their CM were injected in the DG, results revealed that both cells or CM were able to increase the endogenous proliferation (BrdU(+) cells) 7 days after injection. It was also possible to observe an increased number of newborn neurons (DCX(+) cells), upon injection of HUCPVCs or their respective CM. Finally western blot analysis revealed that after CM or HUCPVCs transplantation, there was an increase of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and, to a lesser extent, of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the DG tissue. Concluding, our results have shown that the transplantation of HUCPVCs or the administration of their secretome were able to potentiate neuronal survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo.