gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast lock digital phase-locked-loop architecture for wireless applications (2003)

A fast lock digital phase-locked-loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer for wireless applications is reported. The main advantages of the architecture include small area and digitally selectable frequency resolution. Also, a fully digital solution to reducing the phase lock time is introduced. This work is also supported by a nonlinear analytical analysis of the locking mechanism for PLLs.
Aggrecanase: A Target for the Design of Inhibitors of Cartilage Degradation (1999)

In arthritic diseases there is a gradual erosion of cartilage that leads to a loss of joint function. Aggrecan, which provides cartilage with its properties of compressibility and elasticity, is the first matrix component to undergo measurable loss in arthritis. This loss of aggrecan appears to be due to an increased rate of degradation, that can be attributed to proteolytic cleavage of the core protein within the interglobular domain (IGD). Two major sites of cleavage have been identified within the IGD. One, between the amino acids Asn341-Phe342, where the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to clip; and the other, between Glu373-Ala374, which is attributed to a novel protease, "aggrecanase." We have generated aggrecanase in conditioned media from IL-1-stimulated bovine nasal cartilage and have used an enzymatic assay to evaluate this proteinase activity. In these studies we follow the generation of aggrecanase and MMPs in response to IL-1 in this system and examine the contribution of these enzymes in aggrecan degredation. Our data suggest that aggrecanase is a key enzyme in cartilage aggrecan degradation that represents a novel target for cartilage protection therapy in arthritis.
Time lens for ultrafast signal measurements based on four-wave mixing in silicon (2008)

We demonstrate a novel time lens based on four-wave mixing in a silicon nanowaveguide. The lens is used for 20times temporal magnification of a signal with 3-ps features, which permits measurement by a 20-GHz detector.
DCAS is not a silver bullet for nonblocking algorithm design (2004)

Despite years of research, the design of efficient nonblocking algorithms remains difficult. A key reason is that current shared-memory multiprocessor architectures support only single-location synchronisation primitives such as compare-and-swap (CAS) and load-linked/store-conditional (LL/SC). Recently researchers have investigated the utility of double-compare-and-swap (DCAS)--a generalisation of CAS that supports atomic access to two memory locations -- in overcoming these problems. We summarise recent research in this direction and present a detailed case study concerning a previously published nonblocking DCAS-based double-ended queue implementation. Our summary and case study clearly show that DCAS does not provide a silver bullet for nonblocking synchronisation. That is, it does not make the design and verification of even mundane nonblocking data structures with desirable properties easy. Therefore, our position is that while slightly more powerful synchronisation primitives can ave a profound effect on ease of algorithm design and verification, DCAS does not provide sufficient additional power over CAS to justify supporting it in hardware.
Simplified artificial neural network structure with the current transformer saturation detector provides a good estimate of primary currents (2002)

This paper presents use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to correct current transformer (CT) secondary currents distortions caused by the CT saturation. The ANN is trained to achieve the inverse transfer function of iron-core toroidal CTs, which are widely used in protective systems. The ANN has been designed as a simplified structure to minimize use of memory when implemented in protective devices. To properly estimate primary currents for a saturated transformer, a current transformer saturation detector has been added to the ANN. The ANN is developed using the MATLAB/sup TM/ program and trained using data generated from actual CTs. The ANN calculating speed and accuracy are satisfactory in real-time applications, and provides good estimates of primary currents.
The Electrochemical Sensor (1992)

Electrochemical gas sensors represent an expanding field of analytical chemistry. They are employed in instruments for chemical detection, and a wide variety of both portable and fixedsite toxic gas monitors exist today. These sensors have also found applications in monitoring industrial atmospheres, medical gases, process streams, and environmental pollution. Gas chromatographic instrumentation, ventilation controllers, energy management systems, automobile exhaust analyzers, safety alarms, personal exposure monitors, and analytical laboratory gas analyzers also utilize electrochemical sensors.
Effect of mesh construction on the physicomechanical properties of bicomponent knit mesh using yarns derived from degradable copolyesters (2012)

The use of mesh to repair abdominal wall defects has significantly increased over the past two decades owing to a perceived reduction in recurrence rates compared to primary repairs. However, the use of a mesh in vivo has introduced undesirable patient complications. As a result, there exists an unmet need for a mesh design which exhibits improved biocompatibility. In the present study, the in vitro conditioned modulation of biocompatibility-relevant physical and mechanical mesh properties using (1) absorbable yarns with different degradation profiles and (2) different mesh constructions employing the warp and weft knitting technologies was investigated. A novel warp-knit, bicomponent mesh (WK1) was developed that modulates physicomechanical properties and that (1) possesses short-term structural stiffness, (2) provides a gradual transition phase, and (3) possesses long-term compliance with force-extension properties similar to the abdominal wall. The use of two different degradable copolyester yarns facilitated the modulation of mesh physicomechanical properties, whereas the knit construction determined the resultant porosity, area weight, thickness, strength, and extension of the mesh. The lack of variation in the knit pattern for the weft knit (DM1) mesh made it one-dimensional, producing strength loss with time but showing no change in extensibility following the substantial degradation of the fast-degrading yarn.
Polyimides synthesized from 4,4′‐(1,2‐ethynediyl) bis (phthalic anhydride) (1990)

Abstract A novel substituted acetylene monomer, 4,4′‐(1,2‐ethynediyl) bis (phthalic anhydride) (EBPA) was made in six steps from 4‐nitro‐ N ‐methylphthalimide (4‐NPI) including two palladium‐catalyzed acetylene coupling steps. Several new polyimides were prepared from this monomer and six aromatic diamines. In addition, copolymers were made with EBPA and BPADA with meta ‐phenylene diamine. All of the polymers had high glass transition temperatures, high thermal stability and good solvent resistance. The copolymer containing twenty % EBPA had a glass transition temperature 33°C higher than Ultem® (a registered trademark of GE) and improved solvent resistance.
A Sensitive and Versatile Detector for Atmospheric NO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>X</sub> Based on Blue Diode Laser Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (2009)

A sensitive, small detector was developed for atmospheric NO2 and NOx concentration measurements. NO2 is directly detected by laser diode based cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at 404 nm. The sum of NO and NO2 (=NOx) is simultaneously measured in a second cavity by quantitative conversion of ambient NO to NO2 in excess ozone. Interferences due to absorption by other trace gases at 404 nm, such as ozone and water vapor, are either negligible or small and are easily quantified. The limit of detection is 22 pptv (2σ precision) for NO2 at 1 s time resolution. The conversion efficiency of NO to NO2 is 99% in excess O3. The accuracy of the NO2 measurement is mainly limited by the NO2 absorption cross section to ±3%. Because of the formation of undetectable higher nitrogen oxides in subsequent reactions of NO2 with ozone in the NOx channel, the (1σ) accuracy of the NOx measurement is increased to approximately ±5% depending on the level of NOx. The new instrument was designed to be easily deployed in the field with respect to size, weight and consumables. Measurements were validated against a photolysis/chemiluminescence detector during six days of sampling ambient air with colocated inlets. The data sets for NO2, NO and NOx exhibit high correlation and good agreement within the combined accuracies of both methods. Linear fits for all three species give similar slopes of 0.99 in ambient air.
The Autism Simplex Collection: an international, expertly phenotyped autism sample for genetic and phenotypic analyses (2014)

Background\n\nThere is an urgent need for expanding and enhancing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) samples, in order to better understand causes of ASD.\n\nMethods\n\nIn a unique public-private partnership, 13 sites with extensive experience in both the assessment and diagnosis of ASD embarked on an ambitious, 2-year program to collect samples for genetic and phenotypic research and begin analyses on these samples. The program was called The Autism Simplex Collection (TASC). TASC sample collection began in 2008 and was completed in 2010, and included nine sites from North America and four sites from Western Europe, as well as a centralized Data Coordinating Center.\n\nResults\n\nOver 1,700 trios are part of this collection, with DNA from transformed cells now available through the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) measures are available for all probands, as are standardized IQ measures, Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales (VABS), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), and physical measures (height, weight, and head circumference). At almost every site, additional phenotypic measures were collected, including the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ) and Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), as well as the non-word repetition scale, Communication Checklist (Children’s or Adult), and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Moreover, for nearly 1,000 trios, the Autism Genome Project Consortium (AGP) has carried out Illumina 1 M SNP genotyping and called copy number variation (CNV) in the samples, with data being made available through the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Whole exome sequencing (WES) has been carried out in over 500 probands, together with ancestry matched controls, and this data is also available through the NIH. Additional WES is being carried out by the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC), where the focus is on sequencing complete trios. ASC sequencing for the first 1,000 samples (all from whole-blood DNA) is complete and data will be released in 2014. Data is being made available through NIH databases (database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) and National Database for Autism Research (NDAR)) with DNA released in Dist 11.0. Primary funding for the collection, genotyping, sequencing and distribution of TASC samples was provided by Autism Speaks and the NIH, including the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Human Genetics Research Institute (NHGRI).\n\nConclusions\n\nTASC represents an important sample set that leverages expert sites. Similar approaches, leveraging expert sites and ongoing studies, represent an important path towards further enhancing available ASD samples.
Iterative live wire and live snake: new user-steered 3D image segmentation paradigms (2006)

During any image segmentation process, two distinct tasks are performed - <i>recognition</i> and <i>delineation</i>. Recognition consists of the searching phase which roughly identifies a particular object of interest among other neighboring structures present in the image. Delineation consists of precisely defining the spatial extent of the object region. Well designed interactive segmentation methods, such as live wire (LW) and snakes, exploit the synergy between the user knowledge (for recognition) and the underlying computer processing done automatically (for delineation). We present in this paper two new methods, referred to as <i>iterative live wire</i> and <i>live snake</i>, for interactive 3D segmentation of medical images. In both methods, the segmentation initiated by the LW or snake method is propagated under user control to subsequent slices by projecting the anchor points. In iterative LW (ILW), the LW segments are iteratively updated in the new slice by selecting the mid points of previous LW segments as new anchor points. In live snake (LS), the snake method is first applied in the new slice for the projected anchor points and ended with an application of ILW. The methods have been evaluated on 30 3D MRI data sets of the breast. The results indicate that, on average, far fewer number of user interventions during segmentation and anchor point specification are needed by using the new methods than by using snakes propagation or live wire. The ILW segmentations are slightly more accurate, with statistical significance (<i>P</i><0.01), than LS segmentations, and the former are more efficient than the latter (<i>P</i><0.03), both being more efficient than pure live wire and snake methods.
Modified calcium carbonate coatings with rapid absorption and extensive liquid uptake capacity (2004)

Special rapidly absorbing coatings with high absorption capacity are demonstrated based on new modified calcium carbonates which have been designed based on the absorption behaviour predicted by a combination of previous modelling using discrete pore and throat size distributions [Colloids Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 206 (2002) 217]. Firstly, the absorption driving force is determined by the proportion of fine pores present up to a size equal to a Bosanquet inertially-defined optimum within the timescale of absorption. Secondly, the flow of liquid to access the fine pores is controlled by the overall permeability of the assembled structures. Three new pigment morphologies, based on natural ground calcium carbonate (gcc), with special surface structure modifications, are contrasted with standard gcc by using consolidated tablet blocks made from a suspension of each pigment and chosen mixtures thereof. The blocks are characterised after drying by mercury porosimetry, and the absorption dynamic of a selected liquid is studied. It is clear that the new pigments develop a pore structure that absorbs at a much faster rate and have capacities for up to 10 times more fluid than conventional gcc pigment. These properties are advantageous for many types of digital printing including both oil-based and water-based inks. From scanning electron microscopy of the structures it can be seen that the combination of nano-surface features and pores (intraparticle voids), on an otherwise micro-particle, provides a combination of two discrete pore networks which allow the driving force associated with the nano-features and the permeability of the bulk (interparticle voids) to be separated. This feature is due to the fact that the structures assemble in a way analogous to a parallel electrical circuit, resulting in discrete fine pore regions accessed by a network of large pores. In such unique discrete network systems, we show qualitatively that the mercury intrusion curve provides a separable analysis of permeability and capillarity in respect to the inflection point of the cumulative intrusion curve. Correlation between the observed absorption rate and the two parts of the corresponding mercury intrusion curve are based on the features observed in SEM pictures free from any possible subjectivity. These properties can then be studied in relation to the absorption capacity expressed in terms of porosity.
Synthesis of a New Class of Reflectionless Filter Prototypes (2010)

A design methodology and synthesis equations are described for lumped-element filter prototypes having low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, or band-stop characteristics with theoretically perfect input- and output-match at all frequencies. Such filters are a useful building block in a wide variety of systems in which the highly reactive out-of-band termination presented by a conventional filter is undesirable. The filter topology is first derived from basic principles. Then the relative merits of several implementations and tunings are compared via simulation. Finally, measured data on low-pass and band-pass filter examples are presented which illustrate the practical advantages as well as showing excellent agreement between measurement and theory.
Plasma-Catalytical Partial Oxidation of Various Carbonaceous Feeds Into Synthesis Gas (2004)

We propose a sulfur-resistant process in which a gaseous or liquid carbonaceous matter is converted into the Synthesis Gas in a presence of high-voltage cold-plasma (“GlidArc”) that assists the exothermal Partial Oxidation. This process is performed in our 0.6 to 2-Liter reactors using atmospheric air. The reactants are mixed at the reactor entry without use of vaporizers or nozzles. Our process is initiated in the discharges’ zone in presence of active electrons, ions, and radicals generated directly in the entering mixture. Then the partially reacted steam enters a post-plasma zone of the same reactor. This zone is filled with a metallic and/or mineral material. We found several solids that present some catalytic properties enhanced by high temperatures and active species generated in the cold plasma. Atmospheric pressure reforming is presently studied. This paper recalls our earlier tests with natural gas, propane, cyclohexane, heptane, toluene, various gasolines, diesel oils (including logistic ones), and the Rapeseed oil. New experiments are then presented on the reforming of heavy naphtha and an aviation fuel. The synthesis gas issued from the last one has been successfully converted into electric energy in an on-line inserted Solid Oxide fuel Cell. All tested feeds are totally reformed into Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide and some Methane. Other components are Steam and Carbon Dioxide. All these products are diluted in Nitrogen coming from the air. No soot, coke or tars are produced even from highly aromatic liquids. The output Synthesis Gas power issued as the result of our tests can presently reach 11 kW (accounted as the Lower Heating Value of produced H2 + CO stream). Only 0.05–0.2 kW of electric power is necessary to drive such cold-plasma-assisted reformer. Up to 45 vol.% of H2 + CO mixture (dry basis) is produced in long runs. We obtain a better than 70% thermal efficiency of the process (defined as the output combustion enthalpy of H2 + CO at 25°C concerning the Lower Heating Value of the feed). However a large part of remaining percentage of the energy leaving the reformer (the sensitive heat and CH4 at 2–3 vol.% level) can be further reused in the high-temperature Fuel Cells.
A therapeutic T cell receptor mimic antibody targets tumor-associated PRAME peptide/HLA-I antigens (2017)

Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer-testis antigen that is expressed in many cancers and leukemias. In healthy tissue, PRAME expression is limited to the testes and ovaries, making it a highly attractive cancer target. PRAME is an intracellular protein that cannot currently be drugged. After proteasomal processing, the PRAME300-309 peptide ALYVDSLFFL (ALY) is presented in the context of human leukocyte antigen HLA-A*02:01 molecules for recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) of cytotoxic T cells. Here, we have described Pr20, a TCR mimic (TCRm) human IgG1 antibody that recognizes the cell-surface ALY peptide/HLA-A2 complex. Pr20 is an immunological tool and potential therapeutic agent. Pr20 bound to PRAME+HLA-A2+ cancers. An afucosylated Fc form (Pr20M) directed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against PRAME+HLA-A2+ leukemia cells and was therapeutically effective against mouse xenograft models of human leukemia. In some tumors, Pr20 binding markedly increased upon IFN-γ treatment, mediated by induction of the immunoproteasome catalytic subunit β5i. The immunoproteasome reduced internal destructive cleavages within the ALY epitope compared with the constitutive proteasome. The data provide rationale for developing TCRm antibodies as therapeutic agents for cancer, offer mechanistic insight on proteasomal regulation of tumor-associated peptide/HLA antigen complexes, and yield possible therapeutic solutions to target antigens with ultra-low surface presentation.
Closed Loop Minimization of NOx Emissions in a Gas Turbine (2000)

This paper describes a system for minimizing NOx emissions in gas turbines. The system uses an optimization technique implemented on a portable computer. No hardware changes are necessary in the combustion system. The system was developed for an LM6000 Dry Low Emissions (DLE) engine. However, it can be applied across the board on any LM series DLE engine manufactured by the Industrial Aero-derivatives (IAD) division of GE Power Systems (GEPS).
Carbon nanotube thermal interfaces enhanced with sprayed on nanoscale polymer coatings (2013)

Vertical carbon nanotube (CNT) forests bonded at room temperature with sprayed on nanoscale polymer coatings are found by measurement to produce thermal resistances that are on a par with those of conventional metallic solders. These results are achieved by reducing the high contact resistance at CNT tips, which has hindered the development of high performance thermal interface materials based on CNTs. A spray coating process is developed for depositing nanoscale coatings of polystyrene and poly-3-hexylthiophene onto CNT forests, as a bonding agent that mitigates thermal resistance by enhancing the area available for heat transfer at CNT contacts. Resistances as low as 4.9 ± 0.3 mm(2) K W(-1) are achieved for the entire polymer coated CNT interface structure. The suitability of the spray coating process for large-scale implementation and the role of polymer and CNT forest thickness in determining the thermal resistance are also examined.
Synthesis and properties of methylene‐bis‐(nitraminofurazans) (1992)

Abstract Methylene‐bis‐(3‐aminofurazans) and methylene‐bis‐3‐(nitraminofurazans) with methyl and nitro substituents at the 4‐ and 4′‐positions have been synthesized. The thermal properties and crystal structures of the compounds have been determined. As expected, the methyl‐substituted nitramino compound has better thermal stability than the nitro‐substituted compound. The densities predicted for the compounds by the Holden method and those determined by X‐ray crystallography are in close agreement.
Tunable dispersion slope compensation for WDM systems using a single non-channelized third-order-chirped FBG (2002)

We demonstrate a novel technique for tunable dispersion slope compensation that relies on a single nonchannelized chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). This grating is unique in that it is written such that the time delay as a function of wavelength is a third-order profile that covers several WDM channels over a continuous bandwidth of many nanometers. The dispersion range provided by the grating for the WDM channels can be up to 400 ps/nm, enabling dispersion slope compensation.
Nuclear core positioning system. [LMFBR] (1979)

Disclosed is a structural support system for the core of a nuclear reactor which achieves relatively restricted clearances at operating conditions and yet allows sufficient clearance between fuel assemblies at refueling temperatures. Axially displaced spacer pads having variable between pad spacing and a temperature compensated radial restraint system are utilized to maintain clearances between the fuel elements. The core support plates are constructed of metals specially chosen such that differential thermal expansion produces positive restraint at operating temperatures.