gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient micro-mobility solution for SIP networks (2004)

SIP is evolving as the dominant protocol for multimedia call control in IP networks and is expected to be widely deployed in the near future. Using SIP for supporting mobility in SIP-based networks appears as a very attractive alternative to mobile IP, taking advantage of existing SIP infrastructure and signaling, while avoiding duplication of functionality. However, existing proposals for supporting mobility with SIP are not efficient in handling micro-mobility and do not cater for all types of traffic. In this paper, we introduce hierarchical mobile SIP (HMSIP), for efficient micro-mobility management in SIP environments. HMSIP is a SIP-based scheme that builds on existing IP mobility protocols, aiming at integrating their key concepts in the most beneficial way. Our proposed scheme minimizes the handoff latency and the backbone signaling overhead, while catering for all types of traffic. Moreover, HMSIP can be effectively combined with micro-mobility schemes for QoS flows, producing, thus, a complete micro-mobility solution for SIP flows with QoS guarantees.
Identification of protein-protected mRNA fragments and structured excised intron RNAs in human plasma by TGIRT-seq peak calling (2020)

Human plasma contains > 40,000 different coding and non-coding RNAs that are potential biomarkers for human diseases. Here, we used thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase sequencing (TGIRT-seq) combined with peak calling to simultaneously profile all RNA biotypes in apheresis-prepared human plasma pooled from healthy individuals. Extending previous TGIRT-seq analysis, we found that human plasma contains largely fragmented mRNAs from > 19,000 protein-coding genes, abundant full-length, mature tRNAs and other structured small non-coding RNAs, and less abundant tRNA fragments and mature and pre-miRNAs. Many of the mRNA fragments identified by peak calling correspond to annotated protein-binding sites and/or have stable predicted secondary structures that could afford protection from plasma nucleases. Peak calling also identified novel repeat RNAs, miRNA-sized RNAs, and putatively structured intron RNAs of potential biological, evolutionary, and biomarker significance, including a family of full-length excised intron RNAs, subsets of which correspond to mirtron pre-miRNAs or agotrons.
Multipath TCP path schedulers for streaming video (2017)

Modern internet traffic is heavily composed of some form of video communication. In addition, video streaming is slowly replacing regular phone connections. Given that most video transport utilizes Video over Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Transmission Control Protocol (HTTP/TCP), it is important to understand TCP performance in transporting video streams. Recently, multipath transport protocols have allowed video streaming over multiple paths to become a reality. In this paper, we investigate packet scheduling disciplines for injecting video stream packets into multiple paths at the video server. We study video streaming performance when subjected to these schedulers in conjunction with various TCP variants. We utilize network performance measures, as well as video quality metrics, to characterize the performance and interactions between network and application layers of video streams for various network scenarios.
Quantitative elasticity imaging: what can and cannot be inferred from strain images (2002)

We examine the inverse problem associated with quantitative elastic modulus imaging: given the equilibrium strain field in a 2D incompressible elastic material, determine the elastic stiffness (shear modulus). We show analytically that a direct formulation of the inverse problem has no unique solution unless stiffness information is known a priori on a sufficient portion of the boundary. This implies that relative stiffness images constructed on the assumption of constant boundary stiffness are in error, unless the stiffness is truly constant on the boundary. We show further that using displacement boundary conditions in the forward incompressible elasticity problem leads to a nonunique inverse problem. Indeed, we give examples in which exactly the same strain field results from different elastic modulus distributions under displacement boundary conditions. We also show that knowing the stress on the boundary can, in certain configurations, lead to a well-posed inverse problem for the elastic stiffness. These results indicate what data must be taken if the elastic modulus is to be reconstructed reliably and quantitatively from a strain image.
Combination of Candidate Microbicides Cellulose Acetate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate and UC781 Has Synergistic and Complementary Effects against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection (2005)

The combination of two candidate microbicides, cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate (CAP), a polymer that blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry by targeting gp120 and gp41, and UC781, a tight-binding HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI), resulted in effective synergy for inhibition of MT-2 cell infection by HIV-1(IIIB), a laboratory-adapted virus strain. The 95% effective concentration values for the combination were reduced about 15- to 20-fold compared with those corresponding to the single compounds. The combination of CAP and UC781 is also synergistic in inhibiting infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by a primary HIV-1 isolate, 92US657. Combinations of CAP with other RTIs, such as efavirenz or zidovudine, also had significant synergistic effects on the inhibition of HIV-1 infection. In addition, CAP and UC781 had complementary effects against HIV-1 infection since (i) CAP inhibited infection by the UC781-resistant strain HIV-1(IIIB) A17 and (ii) pretreatment of MT-2 cells with UC781, but not CAP, abolished subsequent infection after removal of the compound. This suggests that the combination of CAP and UC781 represents a promising candidate microbicide for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1.
Overview of Target Enrichment Strategies (2015)

Target enrichment is commonly used in next generation sequencing (NGS) workflows to eliminate genomic DNA regions that are not of interest for a particular experiment. By only targeting specific regions such as exons, one can obtain greater depth of DNA sequencing coverage for regions of interest or increase the sampling numbers of individuals, thereby saving both time and cost. This overview of target enrichment strategies provides a high-level review of distinct approaches to capture specific sequences: (a) hybridization-based strategies, (b) transposon-mediated fragmentation (tagmentation), (c) molecular inversion probes (MIPs), and (d) singleplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) target enrichment. Strategies for assay design and performance criteria are also discussed. Other platforms currently in development are also briefly described.
A high average power pockels cell (2023)

A high average power pockels cell is disclosed which reduced the effect of thermally induced strains in high average power laser technology. The pockels cell includes an elongated, substantially rectangular crystalline structure formed from a KDP-type material to eliminate shear strains. The X- and Y-axes are oriented substantially perpendicular to the edges of the crystal cross-section and to the C-axis direction of propagation to eliminate shear strains.
Carbon dimer, C2, as a growth species for diamond films from methane/hydrogen/argon microwave plasmas (1995)

It was shown recently that nanocrystalline diamond films can be grown using fullerenes as precursors in an argon microwave plasma without the addition of hydrogen or oxygen. Extensive fragmentation of C60 in the microwave discharge leads to a copious production of the carbon dimer molecule, C2, as evidenced by intense Swan-band emission. Here we have investigated hydrogen–methane–argon plasmas and found that high argon fractions (≳50%) lead to intense C2 emission, indicating significant production of C2 in the plasma. In situ measurements of the substrate reflectivity were used to determine the growth rate. A correlation between the C2 emission intensity and growth rate was observed. These results prompted us to propose a scheme for diamond film growth on the (100)–(2×1): H reconstructed diamond surface with C2 as the growth species. Each surface carbon atom (bonded twice to carbons in the bulk, once to a surface carbon, creating a ‘‘dimer’’ and then forming a five-membered ring) is terminated with hydrogen. With C2 as the growth species, no hydrogen abstraction reactions are required because its very high energy of adsorption (815 kJ/mol C) allows the C2 molecule to insert directly into the dimer bonds. A second C2 can form across the adjoining trough. The added carbons then dimerize, forming a new (2×1) surface on a new layer with dimer rows orthogonal to the original rows.
Quantification of ketotifen and its metabolites in human plasma by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (1983)

Gas chromatography mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring has been used to develop a method for the quantification of ketotifen and its demethylated, 10-hydroxy and 10-hydroxy demethylated metabolites in human plasma. The minimum detectable concentrations for ketotifen and its demethylated metabolites were 50 pg ml-1 and 300 pg ml-1 for the 10-hydroxy metabolite. The methodology has been applied in studies of the kinetics of the drug in man, and plasma levels of the unchanged drugs and its metabolites in free and conjugated form are reported.
Towards the Semantic Grid: Enriching Content for Management and Reuse (2003)

Knowledge and Semantic Web technologies are evolving the Grid towards the Semantic Grid [18] to facilitate knowledge reuse and collaboration within a community of practice. In the Geodise project we are exploring the application of a range of knowledge and Semantic Web technologies to assist users in solving complex\nproblems in Engineering Design Search and Optimization (EDSO), in particular enabling semantically enriched resource sharing and reuse.\nThe target of content enrichment in Geodise ranges from command usage described in software manuals, a set of profile data, to a workflow customized to solve a particular problem. They become semantically enriched when their representations are delivered using a set of shared semantics which are well recognized in the domain. Knowledge acquisition and knowledge modelling (in particular ontology building) are the key steps to build these semantics. The repository of semantically enriched content can be regarded as a resource based on which various knowledge services [4] are made available to and integrated into a Problem Solving Environment (PSE) to assist an engineer in design optimization routines. For example, when constructing a script to generate a computational mesh, an ontology assisted domain script editor can provide syntax highlighting and context sensitive knowledge-driven auto-completion and advice. A rule-based workflow advisor gives guidance on building a domain workflow by reasoning over semantically enriched system states [6]. The workflow construction process itself is driven by task ontology so as to guarantee that the resulting workflow instances are enriched with consistent semantics. In this paper we demonstrate how a number of technologies have been deployed in EDSO.
Submovement control processes in discrete aiming as a function of space-time constraints (2017)

There is preliminary evidence that there are several types of submovements in movement aiming that reflect different processes of control and can result from particular task constraints. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of movement space and time task criteria on the prevalence of different submovement control characteristics in discrete aiming. Twelve participants completed 3 distance x 5 time conditions each with 100 trials in a target-aiming movement task. The kinematic structure of the trajectory determined the prevalence of 5 submovement types (none; pre-peak, post-peak movement velocity; undershoot, overshoot). The findings showed that the overall number of submovements increased in the slower space-time conditions and was predominantly characterized by post-peak trajectory submovements rather than discrete overshoot submovements. Overshoot submovements were more frequent in the high average movement velocity and short time duration conditions. We concluded that there are qualitatively different distributional patterns of submovement types in discrete aiming tasks that are organized by the quantitative scaling of the average movement velocity arising from multiple control processes to meet the specific space-time task constraints.
Buckling Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates Longitudinally Stiffened with U-Shaped Ribs (2012)

압축을 받는 복합적층판의 보강을 위해 폐단면리브를 적용하는 것이 효과적이나, 적정 크기나 최적 두께에 대한 충분한 연구자료가 제시되지 못하고 있다. 이에 따라 폐단면리브 단면 제원에 따른 복합적층판의 압축좌굴 거동에 대한 영향이 우선 검토되어야 할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 직교이방성 <TEX>$[(0^{\circ})_4]_s$</TEX>와 Cross-ply <TEX>$[(0^{\circ}/90^{\circ})_2]_s$</TEX> 적층단면을 각각 고려하여 U리브 단면강성에 따른 복합적층 보강판의 탄성좌굴강도 및 좌굴모드의 변화를 수치해석적으로 검토하였다. 구조부재로써 적용성을 고려하여 U리브 단면 모델을 선정하였고 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용하여 U리브 적층두께에 따른 고유치 해석을 실시하였다. U리브와 같은 폐단면 보강재를 적용한 복합적층판에서는 단순지지 조건의 판좌굴 강도에 비해 상승효과가 있음이 본 연구의 수치해석 결과로부터 입증되었으며 본 해석연구 대상 모델에 대해 U리브 최적 적층두께를 분석하였다. 본 논문의 연구 결과는 향후 U리브의 최적 단면 선정방안을 제시하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Even though the longitudinally stiffened laminated composite plates with closed section ribs should be an effective system for axially compressed members, the existing researches on the applications of closed-section ribs, especially for the laminated composite plates, are not sufficient. This study is aimed to examine the influence of the sectional stiffness of U-shaped ribs on the buckling modes and strengths of laminated composite plates. Applying the orthotropic plates with eight layers of the layup <TEX>$[(0^{\circ})_4]_s$</TEX> and <TEX>$[(0^{\circ}/90^{\circ})_2]_s$</TEX>, 3-dimensional finite element models for the U-rib stiffened plates were setup by using ABAQUS and then a series of eigenvalue analyses were conducted. From the parametric studies, the minimum required ply thicknesses as well as the buckling strengths were presented for the analysis models. The buckling strengths were compared with the theoretical critical stress equation for simply supported plates based on the Classical laminated plate theory. This study will contribute to the future study for evaluating the minimum required stiffness and optimum design of U-rib stiffened plates.
Engineering a Hyper-catalytic Enzyme by Photoactivated Conformation Modulation (2012)

Enzyme engineering for improved catalysis has wide implications. We describe a novel chemical modification of Candida antarctica lipase B that allows modulation of the enzyme conformation to promote catalysis. Computational modeling was used to identify dynamical enzyme regions that impact the catalytic mechanism. Surface loop regions located distal to active site but showing dynamical coupling to the reaction were connected by a chemical bridge between Lys136 and Pro192, containing a derivative of azobenzene. The conformational modulation of the enzyme was achieved using two sources of light that alternated the azobenzene moiety in cis and trans conformations. Computational model predicted that mechanical energy from the conformational fluctuations facilitate the reaction in the active-site. The results were consistent with predictions as the activity of the engineered enzyme was found to be enhanced with photoactivation. Preliminary estimations indicate that the engineered enzyme achieved 8–52 fold better catalytic activity than the unmodulated enzyme.
Hydrothermal growth of highly textured BaTiO<sub>3</sub>films composed of nanowires (2013)

Textured barium titanate (BaTiO(3)) films are attracting immense research interest due to their lead-free composition and excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties. Most synthesis methods for these films require a high temperature, leading to the formation of a secondary phase and an overall decrease in the electrical properties of the ceramic. In order to alleviate these issues, a novel fabrication method is introduced by transferring oriented rutile TiO(2) nanowires to a textured BaTiO(3) film at temperatures below 160 °C. The microstructure and thickness of the fabricated BaTiO(3) films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the crystal structure and degree of orientation were evaluated by x-ray diffraction patterns using the Lotgering method. It is shown that the thickness of the BaTiO(3) film can be controlled by the length of TiO(2) nanowire array template, and the degree of orientation of the textured BaTiO(3) films is highly dependent on the film thickness; the crystallographic orientation has been measured to reach up to 87%. The relative dielectric constant (ε(r) = 1300) and ferroelectric properties (P(r) = 2.7 μC cm(-2), E(c) = 4.0 kV mm(-1)) of the textured BaTiO(3) films were also characterized to demonstrate their potential application in sensors, random access memory, and micro-electromechanical systems.
Interstitial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 2: report of a new case and review. (1997)

An 18 month old girl was referred to us because of dysmorphic features and psychomotor and growth retardation. On physical examination, she was found to have microcephaly, open fontanelles, a prominent forehead, a flat occiput, hypertelorism, sparse eyebrows, a small nose with a depressed nasal bridge, a bulging philtrum, a thin upper lip, a high arched palate, low set and posteriorly rotated ears, a small mandible, a short neck with a low hair line, and eye malformations. High resolution chromosome analysis identified a de novo direct duplication of the 2p21.00-->p24.2 region. The phenotype of de novo partial trisomy 2p is discussed.
Nonlinear ICRF-Plasma Interactions (2005)

The well developed linear theory of ICRF (including FW, HHFW and IBW) interactions with plasma has enjoyed considerable success in describing antenna coupling and wave propagation, and provides a well‐known framework for calculating power absorption, current drive, etc. In some situations, less well studied nonlinear effects are of interest, such as flow drive, ponderomotive forces, rf sheaths, parametric decay and related interactions with the edge plasma. Standard ICRF codes have begun to integrate this physics to achieve improved modeling capabilities. This paper concentrates on basic rf‐plasma‐interaction physics with illustrative applications to tokamaks. For FW antennas, the parallel electric field near launching structures is known to drive rf‐sheaths which can give rise to convective cells, interaction with plasma “blobs”, impurity production, and edge power dissipation. In addition to sheaths, IBW waves in the edge plasma are subject to strong ponderomotive effects and parametric decay. In the core plasma, slow waves can sometimes induce nonlinear effects. Mechanisms by which these waves can influence the radial electric field and its shear are summarized, and related to the general (reactive‐ponderomotive and dissipative) force on a plasma from rf waves. It is argued that there are significant opportunities now for new predictive capabilities by advances in integrated simulation.
Experimentally Observed Electrical Durability of 4H-SiC JFET ICs Operating from 500 °C to 700 °C (2017)

Prolonged 500 °C to 700 °C electrical testing data from 4H-SiC junction field effect transistor (JFET) integrated circuits (ICs) are combined with post-testing microscopic studies in order to gain more comprehensive understanding of the durability limits of the present version of NASA Glenn's extreme temperature microelectronics technology. The results of this study support the hypothesis that T ≥ 500 °C durability-limiting IC failure initiates with thermal stress-related crack formation where dielectric passivation layers overcoat micron-scale vertical features including patterned metal traces.
Critical involvement of atypical chemokine receptor CXCR7 in allergic airway inflammation (2017)

Summary Trafficking and recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation with spatial and temporal synchronization is crucial for the development of allergic airway inflammation. Particularly, chemokines are known to be key players in these processes. Previous studies revealed that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in regulating allergic airway inflammation. However, the role of CXCR7, a recently discovered second receptor for CXCL12, in regulating airway inflammation has not been explored. Initially, CXCR7 was considered as a decoy receptor; however, numerous subsequent studies revealed that engagement of CXCR7 triggered its own signalling or modulated CXCR4‐mediated signalling. In the present study, we detected the expression of CXCR7 in airway epithelial cells. Use of a lentiviral delivery system to knock down the expression of CXCR7 in the lung of sensitized mice abrogated the cardinal features of asthma, indicating that CXCR7 plays a role in regulating allergic airway inflammation. The activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and Akt signalling in response to CXCL12 in the mouse epithelial cell line MLE‐12 was reduced when CXCR7 expression was knocked down. However, either knockdown or overexpression of CXCR7 in MLE‐12 did not affect CXCL12‐mediated calcium influx, indicating that CXCR7 does not modulate CXCR4‐mediated signalling, and that it functions as a signalling receptor rather than a decoy receptor. Finally, we found that the expression of chemokine CCL2 is regulated by CXCR7/CXCL12‐mediated signalling through β ‐arrestin in airway epithelial cells. Hence, regulating the expression of CCL2 in airway epithelial cells may be one mechanism by which CXCR7 participates in regulating allergic airway inflammation.
Discovery of a Structural-Element Specific G-Quadruplex “Light-Up” Probe (2014)

The development of a fluorescent probe capable of detecting and distinguishing the wide diversity of G-quadruplex structures is particularly challenging. Herein, we report a novel BODIPY-based fluorescent sensor (GQR) that shows unprecedented selectivity to parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes with exposed ends and four medium grooves. Mechanistic studies suggest that GQR associates with G-quadruplex grooves close to the end of the tetrad core, which may explain the dye's specificity to only a subset of parallel structures. This specific recognition favours the disaggregation of GQR in aqueous solutions thereby recovering the inherent fluorescence of the dye. Due to its unique features, GQR represents a valuable tool for basic biological research and the rapid discovery of novel, specific ligands that target similar structural features of G-quadruplexes.
Lossless acoustic half-bipolar cylindrical cloak with negative-index metamaterial (2018)

A lossless acoustic half-bipolar cylindrical cloak that has an exposed bottom is considered. Here, we show that a cloak that includes a complementary region including a negative-index medium inside of the cloaking shell works in the illumination direction independently even in the presence of the exposed bottom of the structure. This is due to the fact that the phase velocity of the wave in the normal direction can be cancelled in the presence of a boundary containing a negative-index medium that reduces scattering significantly.