gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Design of Vectors for RNAi Delivery System (2008)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process of double-stranded RNA-dependent post-transciptional gene silencing that occurs mainly in the mRNA processing bodies (P-bodies) of cells. It has become the most powerful and widely used gene strategy for genetic analysis and molecular therapeutics, based on the highly specific and efficient silencing of target genes. The key challenge for achieving effective RNAi in vitro and in vivo is its delivery to the desired organs and into the target cells. The RNAi delivery systems can be either non-viral or viral vectors. The main candidate for RNAi as a therapeutical tool is the viral-based vectors, including retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses (AAV), lentiviruses and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). There is a high potential for clinical use of RNAi in treatment of a wide variety of human diseases, including genetic disorders, infectious diseases and cancer. This paper reviews the designs of inducible, tissue specific, hybrid, oncolytic and high-throughput RNAi vectors based on plasmids or viruses, and discusses their specificity, efficiency and safety.
Probleme der ideologischen Klassenauseinandersetzung auf dem Gebiet der elektronischen Massenmedien: Teilbericht zur Untersuchung "Jugendmedien" ; Kurzfassung (1987)

Auf der Basis nicht näher erläuterter oder zitierter "Untersuchungen bei jungen Werktätigen in Mageburg, Leipzig und Dresden" wird das Rundfunk- und Fernsehverhalten Jugendlicher unter dem Gesichtspunkt des "Einstrahlens westlicher Massenmedien" thematisiert. Es werden u.a. folgende Zahlen genannt: 50 Prozent der Jugendlichen in Leipzig und Magdeburg sahen täglich Sendungen des BRD-Fernsehens, weitere 41 Prozent ein- oder mehrfach wöchentlich (beim Rundfunk: 51 Prozent zu 38 Prozent); in Dresden liegen diese Zahlen wegen der mangelnden Reichweite deutlich niedriger. Es wird gefordert, die Jugendprogramme in der DDR auszudehnen und qualitativ zu verbessern, um die "Auseinandersetzung mit der bürgerlichen Ideologie" offensiver anzugehen. (psz)
A G542X cystic fibrosis mouse model for examining nonsense mutation directed therapies (2018)

Nonsense mutations are present in 10% of patients with CF, produce a premature termination codon in CFTR mRNA causing early termination of translation, and lead to lack of CFTR function. There are no currently available animal models which contain a nonsense mutation in the endogenous Cftr locus that can be utilized to test nonsense mutation therapies. In this study, we create a CF mouse model carrying the G542X nonsense mutation in Cftr using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. The G542X mouse model has reduced Cftr mRNA levels, demonstrates absence of CFTR function, and displays characteristic manifestations of CF mice such as reduced growth and intestinal obstruction. Importantly, CFTR restoration is observed in G542X intestinal organoids treated with G418, an aminoglycoside with translational readthrough capabilities. The G542X mouse model provides an invaluable resource for the identification of potential therapies of CF nonsense mutations as well as the assessment of in vivo effectiveness of these potential therapies targeting nonsense mutations.
Translational energy dependence of Ar++XY→ArX++Y (XY=H2,D2,HD) from thermal to 30 eV c.m. (1985)

Cross sections for the reactions of Ar+ with H2, D2, and HD to form ArH+ and ArD+ are measured using a new guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer which affords an experimental energy range from 0.05 to 500 eV laboratory. The apparatus and experimental techniques are described in detail. Cross sections for H2 and D2 are found to be nearly identical over this entire energy range when compared at the same barycentric energy. The total HD cross section is the same as H2 and D2 at low energies, but differs significantly above 4 eV c.m., where product dissociation becomes important. The intramolecular isotope effect for reaction with HD exhibits a reversal at low energy, favoring the deuteride product below ∼0.14 eV c.m., and surprising nonmonotonic behavior at energies above 5 eV c.m. In all these systems, a new feature at higher energies is observed. This is interpreted as the onset of a product channel having an energy barrier of 8±1 eV. The room temperature rate constant derived from the data for the reaction with H2 is (9.5±2)×10−10 cm3 s−1, in good agreement with the literature. Analysis of the data indicates an activation energy of between 2 and 15 meV at room temperature. The results are compared to previous experimental determinations and to theoretical reaction models.
COPPER RECOVERY FROM REAL SAMPLES OF WPCBs BY ANODIC DISSOLUTION (2012)

A new process for the recovery of copper from WPCBs was investigated in this paper.The copper content of the studied WPCBs ranges between 23-30 wt%.At the first stage of this work, mechanical processing was used to remove the electronic components (EC) from the WPCBs substrate.At the second stage, the WPCBs samples, without EC, were treated with concentrated H 2 SO 4 to remove the solder mask.In the final stage the WPCBs samples were processed in an undivided electrochemical cell in a galvanostatic mode.A stainless steel plate was used as cathode while the anode was a perforated Pb cage which contained the graphite granules and WPCBs.The anodic dissolution degree of the metals was 100 % with an energy consumption of 1.06 KWh/kg of copper deposit.The purity of the obtained cathodic deposit was about 98 %.
Inhibition of cathepsin K - a novel approach to antiresorptive therapy (1997)

Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease enzyme with high and specific expression in osteoclasts, the cells responsible for resorbing bone. Its discovery and the numerous lines of evidence that support a specialised role for cathepsin K in bone resorption are discussed. Inhibition of this enzyme would be anticipated to prevent bone resorption, and be of potential utility in diseases involving excess bone loss, such as osteoporosis. The pharmaceutical companies known to be involved in developing inhibitors of cathepsin K, and their progress to date, are described.
Development of tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells favors exponential bacterial growth and survival during early respiratory tularemia (2011)

Tularemia is a vector-borne zoonosis caused by Ft, a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium. Ft exists in two clinically relevant forms, the European biovar B (holarctica), which produces acute, although mild, self-limiting infections, and the more virulent United States biovar A (tularensis), which is often associated with pneumonic tularemia and more severe disease. In a mouse model of tularemia, respiratory infection with the virulence-attenuated Type B (LVS) or highly virulent Type A (SchuS4) strain engenders peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammation. Paradoxically, despite an intense neutrophilic infiltrate and high bacterial burden, T(h)1-type proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12) are absent within the first ∼72 h of pulmonary infection. It has been suggested that the bacterium has the capacity to actively suppress or block NF-κB signaling, thus causing an initial delay in up-regulation of inflammatory mediators. However, our previously published findings and those presented herein contradict this paradigm and instead, strongly support an alternative hypothesis. Rather than blocking NF-κB, Ft actually triggers TLR2-dependent NF-κB signaling, resulting in the development and activation of tDCs and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10 and TGF-β). In turn, these cytokines stimulate development and proliferation of T(regs) that may restrain T(h)1-type proinflammatory cytokine release early during tularemic infection. The highly regulated and overall anti-inflammatory milieu established in the lung is permissive for unfettered growth and survival of Ft. The capacity of Ft to evoke such a response represents an important immune-evasive strategy.
Mobilized Muse Cells After Acute Myocardial Infarction Predict Cardiac Function and Remodeling in the Chronic Phase (2017)

Endogenous Muse cells were mobilized into the peripheral blood after AMI. The number of Muse cells could be a predictor of prognosis in patients with AMI.
Position Measurement with Hall Effect Sensors (2013)

Paper deals with hall effect sensors used for position measurement. Hall Effect sensor reacts to magnetic array with change of its output analogue voltage. Static characteristic is measured for both polarity of permanent magnet, which has been used as source of magnetic array. Hall Effect sensor can be used for contact less precise measurement of position.
Spray drying and vaccine stabilization (2012)

Research on spray drying as a processing method to improve vaccine stabilization and to enable novel routes of vaccine delivery has produced promising results; however, the method has yet to be adopted for the manufacture of vaccine products by the pharmaceutical industry. This article reviews the status of spray-drying technology and discusses barriers and opportunities for its future application to vaccines.
The New Macromolecular Crystallography Stations At MAX-lab: The MAD Station (2004)

A new beamline, Cassiopeia, at MAX II is about to come into operation. It consists of an energy‐tunable station and four side stations intended for macromolecular crystallography. The X‐ray source is a 3.5 T superconducting multipole wiggler installed in the 1.5 GeV MAX II storage ring. The energy‐tunable station use grazing incidence Rh‐coated silicon mirrors and an internally water‐cooled Si(111) double‐crystal monochromator while the four side stations use bent diamond and germanium monochromators and multilayer mirrors. This paper concentrates on the optics design of the energy‐tunable station and also briefly describes other beamline components.
BUS: a Browser based User interface Service for Web based applications (2002)

The growing complexity of Web based applications have uncovered software engineering problems in developing and maintaining these systems. The current Web application development and maintenance environment lacks the architectural models that are used in the development of other systems. The paper introduces a Browser User-interface Service (BUS) that offers an object oriented presentation language to build custom Web user interfaces that dynamically connect to application components. The components are able to reuse HTML, Javascript, and stylesheet content using prototype inheritance and dynamically bind presentation objects with data supplied in XML format. The BUS is designed to be platform, Web server, and browser independent, and use XML messages on TCP sockets to communicate with distributed application component processes. The BUS is a flexible component that is intended to improve consistency and flexibility in Web interface design and application maintenance. The BUS is also an integration component that can connect a custom user interface to multiple distributed application components.
Why weight? Modelling sample and observational level variability improves power in RNA-seq analyses (2015)

Variations in sample quality are frequently encountered in small RNA-sequencing experiments, and pose a major challenge in a differential expression analysis. Removal of high variation samples reduces noise, but at a cost of reducing power, thus limiting our ability to detect biologically meaningful changes. Similarly, retaining these samples in the analysis may not reveal any statistically significant changes due to the higher noise level. A compromise is to use all available data, but to down-weight the observations from more variable samples. We describe a statistical approach that facilitates this by modelling heterogeneity at both the sample and observational levels as part of the differential expression analysis. At the sample level this is achieved by fitting a log-linear variance model that includes common sample-specific or group-specific parameters that are shared between genes. The estimated sample variance factors are then converted to weights and combined with observational level weights obtained from the mean-variance relationship of the log-counts-per-million using 'voom'. A comprehensive analysis involving both simulations and experimental RNA-sequencing data demonstrates that this strategy leads to a universally more powerful analysis and fewer false discoveries when compared to conventional approaches. This methodology has wide application and is implemented in the open-source 'limma' package.
High-speed collagen fiber modeling and orientation quantification for optical coherence tomography imaging (2019)

Quantifying collagen fiber architecture has clinical and scientific relevance across a variety of tissue types and adds functionality to otherwise largely qualitative imaging modalities. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is uniquely suited for this task due to its ability to capture the collagen microstructure over larger fields of view than traditional microscopy. Existing image processing techniques for quantifying fiber architecture, while accurate and effective, are very slow for processing large datasets and tend to lack structural specificity. We describe here a computationally efficient method for quantifying and visualizing collagen fiber organization. The algorithm is demonstrated on swine atria, bovine anterior cruciate ligament, and human cervical tissue samples. Additionally, we show an improved performance for images with crimped fiber textures and low signal to noise when compared to similar methods.
Optimizing array bound checks using flow analysis (1993)

Bound checks are introduced in programs for the run-time detection of array bound violations. Compile-time optimizations are employed to reduce the execution-time overhead due to bound checks. The optimizations reduce the program execution time through elimination of checks and propagation of checks out of loops. An execution of the optimized program terminates with an array bound violation if and only if the same outcome would have resulted during the execution of the program containing all array bound checks. However, the point at which the array bound violation occurs may not be the same. Experimental results indicate that the number of bound checks performed during the execution of a program is greatly reduced using these techniques.
Technology and perception: the contribution of sensory substitution systems (2002)

The strong programme of research in the study and development of cognitive technologies today is based on the hypothesis that these technologies are not only technical means which enable us to enhance our calculating, memorising or perceptive abilities, but that they actually play a key role in the constitution of human experience. The aim of the article is to provide this hypothesis with experimental content through the study of a series of very specific technical devices usually referred to as "sensory substitution systems". After analysing some of the results achieved so far, we describe several experiments on the construction of a three dimensional perceptual space through technical means. We then demonstrate the role of human action, and therefore, of the "corps propre" (the body from the point of view of the subject), in the process of the construction of perception. These experiments will also enable us to discuss the conditions for conducting fundamental research in the field of technology, combining scientific method and phenomenological analysis. In conclusion we suggest various possible lines of future research on this subject.
Computerized ultrasonic tomography (1980)

Ultrasonic energy interacts very strongly with biological tissue because the inhomogeneties in the intrinsic properties (density, compressibility, attentuation) have spatial dimensions ranging from much less than a wave length to much greater than a wave length at medical ultrasound frequencies. The magnitude of variations in the intrinsic properties varies from less than 10% to greater than 200%. Thus, the interaction of biological tissue with ultrasonic energy must be considered to include both refractive terms and diffractive terms. Wave equations that characterize tissue/ultrasound interactions can be developed which give insight into various imaging modes currently used in diagnostic instruments. Restraints on transducer and scan geometries created by biological barriers to ultrasonic energy, such as gas and bone, provide specific constraints on methods of solving the wave equations for the intrinsic tissue properties. Computerized ultrasonic tomographic methods useful in diagnosis of breast cancer will be described. Future development of methods for diffraction limited quantitative imaging of tissues will require numerical if not analytical inverse scattering solutions to the appropriate wave equations.
Partial purification and characterization of human gamma (immune) interferon. (1981)

Human gamma (immune) interferon (IFN-gamma) was produced in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with a phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) and purified phytohemagglutinin. Physicochemical analysis showed that human IFN-gamma is a glycoprotein with an isoelectric point around 8.6 and an apparent molecular weight of 58,000 +/- 3000. A purification process for IFN-gamma was developed consisting of sequential chromatographic separations on controlled-pore glass, concanavalin A-Sepharose, and Bio-Gel P-200. This purification process resulted in an increase in specific activity from about 10(4) (crude culture fluid) to an estimated 10(7) units per mg of protein with a cumulative recovery of about 40% of the IFN activity.
Photodissociation of adsorbed Mo(CO)6 induced by direct photoexcitation and hot electron attachment. I. Surface chemistry (1990)

The adsorption and photodissociation of Mo(CO)6 on potassium-free and potassium-preadsorbed Cu(111) and Si(111)7×7 have been studied under ultrahigh vacuum conditions using vibrational spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. It has been observed that Mo(CO)6 adsorbs molecularly on potassium-free Cu(111) and Si(111)7×7 at 85 K and, upon heating, desorbs at 200 K. In the case of Cu(111), heating also leads to thermal dissociation of a fraction of Mo(CO)6 at ∼150 K. The dissociation channel competes favorably with the molecular desorption channel at low Mo(CO)6 exposures. On potassium-preadsorbed Cu(111) and Si(111)7×7 at 85 K, Mo(CO)6 adsorbs in part molecularly and in part dissociatively. The extent of dissociation depends on the K coverage; a high K coverage results in large degree of dissociation. The thermal desorption temperature for the molecularly adsorbed Mo(CO)6 increases to 210 K on the potassium-preadsorbed surfaces. Adsorbed Mo(CO)6 molecules photodissociate nonthermally into CO and carbonyl fragments. The product CO desorbs under irradiation. Photodissociation occurs on the K-free surfaces only under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. With coadsorbed potassium, however, the photoyield increases substantially in the UV and extends to the visible and infrared (IR) regions. The carbonyl fragments which are present on the K-preadsorbed surfaces before irradiation are found to have a negligible contribution to the CO desorption signal. The photoactive species is identified to be the molecularly adsorbed Mo(CO)6 .
Solvolysis of dimethylzirconocene by trialkylaluminum compounds (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvolysis of dimethylzirconocene by trialkylaluminum compoundsA. R. Siedle, R. A. Newmark, J. N. Schroepfer, and P. A. LyonCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 2, 400–404Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00048a013https://doi.org/10.1021/om00048a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trends towards the optimum danger detection system (2002)

Based on examples of fire and intrusion detection systems, the author discusses current developments and trends for improving detection techniques in order to overcome the problems of deceptive alarms. Trends in the direction of improved aesthetics of danger detection systems, particularly the miniaturization of detectors and wireless transmission are also covered. Finally, the issues of reliability and product costs are addressed. Together, these topics represent the main directions towards an optimum danger detection system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultra-Low Profile Integrated Magnetic Inductors and Transformers for HF Applications (2019)

Ultra-low profile integrated magnetic solenoid inductors and transformers were fabricated on 200 mm wafers with back end of line (BEOL) techniques. The process uses thick copper metallization, polymer coating, and laminated amorphous Co-Zr-Ta magnetic material. The substrate was thinned to obtain an inductor thickness of 150 μm. By varying the core size and winding pitch, a large set of inductance values was obtained, from 20 to 500 nH in the 1 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range. We report a record inductance surface density of 3500 nH · mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> and quality factors up to 23, and transformers with high coupling factors (>0.95).
Rapid estimation of cartilage <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> with reduced <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> sensitivity using double echo steady state imaging (2013)

Using a simple global T1 estimate, the reliability of DESS-T2 quantification can be considerably increased. The results emphasize the potential of DESS to fuse accurate quantitative T2 and morphological imaging of the musculoskeletal system within one single scan.