gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel mutant acetolactate synthase gene from rice cells, which confers resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides (2007)

A two-point mutated gene of acetolactate synthase (ALS) was isolated from rice cells, which was cultured together with an ALS-inhibiting herbicide, bispyribac-sodium (BS). The mutations involved residues of tryptophan at position 548 to leucine (W548L) and serine at position 627 to isoleucine (S627I). The ALS expressed in Escherichia coli from this gene showed resistance to multiple herbicides including pyrimidinylcarboxylate (PC), sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, and showed stronger resistance to PC herbicides than to other herbicides. BS, a PC herbicide, had almost no effect on the enzyme even at 100 μM, which is an approximately 10,000-fold higher concentration than the concentration required for 50% inhibition of the wild-type. The resistance level of W548L/S627I mutating ALS to BS was stronger than the additive effect predicted from the degree of resistance of each single amino acid mutated ALS. Transformed rice cells carrying this gene and a regenerated rice plant expressed resistance to BS, suggesting that this gene is useful as a selectable marker for introducing foreign traits into rice when used with PC herbicides.
Mu-Like Prophage in Serogroup B <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> Coding for Surface-Exposed Antigens (2001)

Sequence analysis of the genome of Neisseria meningititdis serogroup B revealed the presence of an approximately 35-kb region inserted within a putative gene coding for an ABC-type transporter. The region contains 46 open reading frames, 29 of which are colinear and homologous to the genes of Escherichia coli Mu phage. Two prophages with similar organizations were also found in serogroup A meningococcus, and one was found in Haemophilus influenzae. Early and late phage functions are well preserved in this family of Mu-like prophages. Several regions of atypical nucleotide content were identified. These likely represent genes acquired by horizontal transfer. Three of the acquired genes are shown to code for surface-associated antigens, and the encoded proteins are able to induce bactericidal antibodies.
Halo3D (2017)

When working with mobile Augmented Reality (AR), users often need to visualize off-screen points of interest (POIs). These POIs belong to the context since they are not directly observable in the 3D first-person view on screen. The aim is to present the 3D direction and distance of each POI in a 3D first-person view. The context in mobile AR can include a large number of POIs including locally dense clusters as in mobile AR systems for production plant machine maintenance.
Creation of laser-induced damage images (2000)

The purpose of the paper is to transfer the experience of production of laser-induced damage images. At the beginning the specific system for production of the images is shown and characteristics of all elements of the system are described. General steps of creation of laser-induced damage images are discussed in detail and they are illustrated by numerous examples.
Modular continuum robotic endoscope design and path planning (2014)

Robotic endoscopes have the potential to help endoscopists position tools during procedures, to propel the endoscope to the desired position, to automate functions and to prevent perforations during procedures. This paper outlines the modular architecture for a continuum robotic endoscope with multiple bending segments along the length of the endoscope. Each of the segments is modular, containing a set of actuation motors that drive short cables in the continuum segments. Each modular segment of the robot is 15 mm in diameter, can turn 180 degrees and has a turning speed ranging from 35 to 250 degrees per second. The robot is composed of seven of these modular segments, has 14 degrees of freedom, is 0.91 m long and has a mass of 157 grams. The implementation for the mechanical, electrical, and software design is described and the robotic endoscope bending motions are sensed, simulated and controlled using kinematic models. Lastly, path planning trajectories of the endoscope segments are designed and coordinated to help propel the robot forward in an uncoiling motion and in a follow-the-leader fashion along a path that emulates simplified turns in a colon. We show that the robotic endoscope is able to exert less force on the walls of the colon emulation path, enable automated insertion into the patient, and execute colon wall avoidance and linear scanning motions not available in conventional endoscopes.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Conducting Polymers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2002)

This contribution reports the first synthesis of conducting polymers (CPs), specifically, polyaniline (PAn) and polypyrrole (PPy), in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). CPs synthesized electrochemically in scCO2 were characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV), four-point probe conductivity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-vis spectroscopy. Preliminary data indicate that CPs synthesized by this method exhibit novel morphology and high conductivity comparable to that synthesized by traditional methods.
Current-based fault detection for wind turbine systems via Hilbert-Huang transform (2013)

Mechanical failures of wind turbines represent a significant cost in both repairs and downtime. Detecting incipient faults of wind turbine components permits maintenance to be scheduled and failed parts to be repaired or replaced before causing failures of other components or catastrophic failure of the system. This paper proposes a Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT)-based algorithm to effectively extract fault signatures in generator current signals for wind turbine fault diagnosis by using the HHT's capability of accurately representing the instantaneous amplitude and frequency of nonlinear and nonstationary signals. A phase-lock-loop (PLL) method is integrated to estimate wind turbine rotating speed, which is then used to facilitate the fault detection. The proposed method is validated by a real direct-drive wind turbine with different types of faults. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective to detect various faults in wind turbine systems as well as to reveal the severities of the faults.
Potential of Façade-Integrated PVT With Radiant Heating and Cooling Panel Supported by a Thermal Storage for Temperature Stability and Energy Efficiency (2020)

Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) systems combine electric and thermal energy generation and provide noiseless operation and space-saving features. As the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels increases at low surface temperatures, this paper suggests combining the PVT panel with a radiant cooling and heating panel in one system. A thermal storage tank fluidly connects the heat-exchanging pipes at the back of the PVT system and radiant panel. The upper portion of the tank feeds the radiant panel and the lower portion of the tank is connected to the PVT system. The proposed device is expected to function in connection with a heat pump that feeds the thermal storage. Using the dynamic thermal simulation software Polysun, the performance of the proposed façade-integrated device was investigated while considering the surface temperatures and energy production in the moderate climatic condition of the city of Munich. The results indicate a substantial impact on the efficiency of the PV module with an increase of up to 35% in the electricity production of the PV due to the lowered surface temperature. The obtained results contribute to façade-supported cooling/heating and electricity generation through the novel coupling and integration of PV, PVT, and radiant cooling elements.
Analysis of stress distribution in flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (2009)

Wireless sensor nodes self-powering from an ambient energy source have been widely studied. In particular, the piezoelectric energy harvesting has been the focus of attention, due to its high energy density. For the piezoelectric energy harvesting, a cantilever beam structure has normally been used because of its high efficiency. Since the frequency of environmental vibrations is of the order of hundreds of Hz, which is far below the natural frequency of cantilever type ceramic actuators, the frequency of the cantilever has commonly been adjusted by placing a heavy mass on its end. In order to lower its natural frequency and increase its safety factor, we fabricated a flexible piezoelectric cantilever, which was composed of ceramic on a flexible substrate. However, it was observed that the flexible cantilever was always broken at a certain position. This result indicates that the stress was not homogeneous, and concentrated at the breakage point of the ceramic. To analyze the failure of the ceramic, we measured the inhomogeneous stress distribution on the flexible piezoelectric energy harvester and analyzed it using the ATILA program.
Surface profilometry with volume holographic lenses and broadband illumination (2003)

Volume holographic lenses with broadband illumination can be used to acquire surface profiles with high resolution and without scanning. We demonstrate this operation experimentally and quantify the effects of illumination bandwidth on surface accuracy.
<title>Optical Design Of A Holographic Visor Helmet-Mounted Display</title> (1978)

The optical design of a holographic visor helmet-mounted display built by Hughes Aircraft Company is described. In order to design the system, a technique for ray tracing holographic optical elements constructed with aberrated wavefronts has been incorporated into a comprehensive computer program. The design illustrates the use of aberrated wavefronts for constructing a highly off-axis holographic element on a helmet visor such that its aberrations are of a form that may be readily corrected with a relay lens containing cylindrical surfaces and with a tilted prism assembly. High diffraction efficiency across a wide field of view (FOV) with a volume hologram is obtained by placing the two coherent hologram construction sources close to the desired pupil locations. The chief rays are then reconstructed in a geometry similar to that used for hologram construction. Good correction of the monochromatic aberrations and high efficiency is achieved over a 30° FOV with a speed of F/2. 3
A distributed clustering scheme for wireless sensor networks (2014)

Clustering is a promising solution to conserve sensor energy levels and to organize tasks among nodes. This paper presents a distributed energy efficient protocol to cluster wireless sensor networks using two techniques: local re-clustering and multi-criteria cluster formation. When a Cluster Head (CH) maintains an acceptable part of its remaining energy, it is not necessary to cooperate in consecutive clustering processes (global re-clustering). However, most of the previous algorithms have not considered the energy harvesting attained from local re-clustering, which is the process of selecting a new CH only when the previous CH has consumed a prespecified part of its energy. Besides, each node computes a multi-criteria score for being selected as a CH and running a round. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol prolongs the lifetime of WSNs by decreasing clustering overhead.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition (1989)

With chronic angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, blood pressure remains controlled throughout the day despite intermittent recovery of normal function of the renin-angiotensin system. This has been taken as evidence to suggest that the disappearance of angiotensin II (Ang II) from the circulation is not the main mechanism involved in the blood pressure-lowering action of ACE inhibitors. However, the degree of ACE inhibition is often not reliably estimated by the commonly used measurements of plasma ACE activity in vitro or plasma im-munoreactive Ang II levels. The most appropriate method to assess ACE activity seems to be the measurement of the ratio between circulating angiotensin-) 1–8)octapeptide and angiotensin I (Ang I) concentrations. The octapeptide Ang II can be measured precisely using high pressure liquid chromatography followed by a radioimmunoassay. Even using such improved methods, with long-term ACE inhibi- tion. there exists a clear dissociation between the time course of ACE inhibition and that of the antihypertensive effect. Although it is attractive to speculate on this basis that other pathways such as blockade of tissue renin or enhanced vasodilator activity are responsible for the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, it is important to remember that the dissociation between the pharmacokinetic profile and the time course of the antihypertensive effect is not specific for ACE inhibitors and is well known with other agents. Since intermittent reduction of circulating Ang II is still an omnipresent feature of ACE inhibition, it seems at present that ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure predominantly by this mechanism.
Efficient fire detection using fuzzy logic (2016)

This paper presents Horus, a novel algorithm for fire detection in videos. It exploits a fuzzy model to discern the frame's fire areas by color recognition. The classic Mamdani fuzzy inference process allows estimating the membership degree of each pixel to the set of fire colored pixels. The final check analyzes the motion dynamic of the areas classified as fire to reduce the risk of false positives.
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Model for Designing HIV/AIDS Vaccines (2010)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) discovered in 1986 is a lentivirus that causes AIDS in domestic cats. FIV is classified into five subtypes (A-E), and all subtypes and circulating intersubtype recombinants have been identified throughout the world. A commercial FIV vaccine, consisting of inactivated subtype-A and -D viruses (Fel-O-Vax FIV, Fort Dodge Animal Health), was released in the United States in 2002. The United States Department of Agriculture approved the commercial release of Fel-O-Vax FIV based on two efficacy trials using 105 laboratory cats and a major safety trial performed on 689 pet cats. The prototype and commercial FIV vaccines had broad prophylactic efficacy against global FIV subtypes and circulating intersubtype recombinants. The mechanisms of cross-subtype efficacy are attributed to FIV-specific T-cell immunity. Findings from these studies are being used to define the prophylactic epitopes needed for an HIV-1 vaccine for humans.
Class-based buffer management using early fair drop (2003)

Previously, we introduced a new buffer management policy called early fair drop (EFD) to be used in conjunction with per-flow queueing and link scheduling, and experimentally showed that EFD outperforms other known drop policies. The superior performance of EFD is due to its early signaling mechanism calculating when to drop and its fair dropping mechanism determining what to drop. We introduce enhancements to EFD which are aimed at improving the protection of TCP flows when competing with bursty non-rate-adaptive flows. A unique aspect of EFD, which we exploit in this paper, is its hierarchical structure. We propose structuring TCP connections into TCP classes to protect their performance from other types of traffic. Furthermore, such a structure enables us to devise "TCP-aware" scheduling and dropping policies within the TCP class. We introduce two such mechanisms, one to reduce the occurrences of multiple drops from a TCP connection within a congestion window, and the other to enable the TCP connections to claim the link buffers and bandwidth not utilized by TCP connections in the same class that are stalled due to packet drops. We experimentally show that class-based early fair drop leads to close-to-optimal performance for a number of difficult workloads.
Sequencing of Argentinated Peptides by Means of Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1999)

A strategy for semiautomatic sequencing of argentinated (silver-containing) oligopeptides has been developed. Sequencing is based on a search algorithm that identifies a triplet peak relationship in a product ion spectrum of the [M + Ag]+ ion of an oligopeptide. The ions that constitute a triplet are [bn + OH + Ag]+, [bn - H + Ag]+, and [a(n) - H + Ag]+, which are separated by 18 and 28 m/z units, respectively. The difference in the m/z values of adjacent triplets identifies the residue that is "cleaved". Observation of the [yn + H + Ag]+ ion containing the cleaved residue confirms the assignment. Sequencing of argentinated tryptic peptides may prove useful for automated proteome analysis via the sequence tag method.
Volumetric assessment of satellite encounter rates (2018)

Presented here is a planning and characterization tool to estimate satellite encounter rates for a prospective orbit regime. The prescribed method can be used to estimate the satellite conjunction operational tempo (i.e., the pace of conjunction activity associated with the operation of a satellite) for a given orbit against a satellite catalog. The encounter volume is defined by an ellipsoid that is constant in size, shape, and orientation in the satellite's Radial-InTrack-CrossTrack frame. For a given pair of satellites, we evaluate volumetric proximity by defining a traveling ellipsoid about the second satellite's Keplerian orbit and assessing if/when the first satellite's orbit traverses it; if inside the volume it is considered proximate. To ensure that no encounter is missed, the ellipsoid is moved along the second satellite's circular or elliptical orbit in increments of true anomaly corresponding to in-track movement much smaller than the ellipsoid's minor axis. An incremental determination of encounter probability is made if/when the first satellite's orbit track contacts the ellipsoid. When this takes place, the orbit true anomalies at ellipsoid entry and exit are captured for both satellites and converted to their respective mean anomaly ranges. The likelihood that both satellites will simultaneously be inside that encounter region is then determined from these ranges. In addition to estimating probability, the number of expected encounters over a given time span can also be approximated. The method is valid for both coplanar and non-coplanar orbits. However, our assumption of uniformly-distributed, relative in-track positions is not applicable in all satellite pairings. This trending tool is also useful in identifying such regions as graveyard orbits that are least likely to produce encounters. It can also be used to estimate how often neighboring satellites will trigger volumetric warnings when considering a candidate orbit.
Estimation of maximum stable gain in a hearing aid (2008)

Feedback cancellation (FBC) algorithms have become an important part of hearing aids, allowing the Maximum Stable Gain (MSG) to be increased by up to 25 dB beyond what is possible without an FBC. Although FBC algorithms have improved the usability of hearing aids, it is difficult to predict the MSG for a given individual with a particular hearing aid. Knowledge of this information would enable the audiologist to make more informed decisions regarding the appropriateness of a hearing aid/earmold, and it could be used to counsel the patient regarding feedback. A method of estimating the MSG of a hearing aid with and without an FBC will be presented. The method uses a finite impulse response filter to approximate the acoustic path. The filter coefficients are estimated during the initialization of the FBC. From these filter coefficients, the MSG for the hearing aid with and without FBC are calculated. This method has been implemented in the firmware and fitting software. Using a variety of device styles, microphone modes and feedback paths, it has been verified that the estimated MSG matches the actual MSG within 6 dB for 90% of hearing aids.
IMMU-23. ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC EFFECTOR MEMORY CD4+ T CELLS AND CCL3 POTENTIATE DENDRITIC CELL VACCINES AND ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY (2018)

Efficacy of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines for glioblastoma (GBM) has been limited by suboptimal migration to draining lymph nodes. Protein antigens induce robust T cell responses that can potentiate innate antigen presenting cells such as DCs. Our previous work in patients with GBM and corroborating mouse models receiving tumor antigen-specific DCs revealed that migration and antitumor responses were significantly enhanced by CD4+ T cell memory responses to a different protein antigen, tetanus-diphtheria (Td) toxoid. Furthermore, vaccine responses were dependent on the chemokine CCL3. Here, we investigated how memory CD4+ T cells interact with cognate antigens Td and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 85B (Ag85B) to enhance responses to ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing DCs and tumors. C57BL/6 and CD4 + 85B TCR transgenic mice were used to study the effects of Td and Ag85B-specific responses on OVA-DC migration and efficacy. One day following Td and Ag85B preconditioning, there is an influx of CD4+ T cells in the skin site (p=0.002), and this is dependent on the protein antigen recall response (p=0.005). Both Td and 85B preconditioning led to locally induced CCL3 and increased migration of OVA-DCs (Td, p=0.002; Ag85B, p=0.001). Depletion of CD4+ T cells resulted in a loss of induced CCL3 as well as abrogation of increased DC migration (p=0.005). Mice with established B16/F10-OVA tumors receiving Td preconditioning demonstrated suppressed tumor growth compared to controls, which was abrogated in Ccl3-/- hosts. However, adoptive transfer of Td memory CD4+ T cells and exogenous CCL3 rescued the effect of suppressed growth (Day 21 mean tumor volumes, p=0.017). The induction of CD4+ memory responses to protein antigens can sufficiently facilitate the increased migration of tumor antigen-specific DCs and promote antitumor immunity. This axis of the adaptive immune response relies on host CCL3, which can serve as a potent immunotherapy adjuvant in future studies.
Electrochemical production of KNO/sub 3//NANO/sub 3/ salt mixture (1984)

A process for the electrolytic production of a chloride-free mixture consisting essentially of sodium and potassium nitrates is disclosed. In this process, an anolyte brine comprised of a mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides dissolved therein is electrolyzed in a membrane type electrolysis type cell to produce a mixed alkali metal hydroxide catholyte solution. The catholyte is reacted with nitric acid to form a mixed potassium-sodium nitrate solution. By properly adjusting the ratio of potassium chloride to sodium chloride concentration in the anolyte brine, a final nitrate product containing about from about 40% to about 80% NaNO/sub 3/ and from about 60% to about 20% KNO/sub 3/ by weight can be produced. The resulting product, after drying is suitable for use in many solar panel heat transfer applications.
Unique applications of fluoroepoxy materials (1991)

The following subject areas are covered: (1) fluoroepoxy and curing agents; (2) an excellent moisture vapor barrier coating; (3) as adhesives to bond Teflon without any surface treatment; (4) a new method to make thermosetting fluoropolymer foam; and (5) as a new antifoaming agent for epoxy material manufacturing and processing.
Motility-Contrast Imaging: Digital Holography of Cellular Motion in 3D Tissues (2009)

We present the first three-dimensional assays of intrinsic cellular motion applied to tissues using motility contrast imaging (MCI), a new digital holographic imaging technique that detects sub-cellular motion as a novel fully-endogenous imaging contrast agent.