gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-coefficient Cauchy model for low birefringence liquid crystals (2004)

The three- and two-coefficient Cauchy equations are derived based on the three-band model for the wavelength- and temperature-dependent refractive indices of anisotropic liquid crystals. For high birefringence (Δn⩾0.2) liquid crystals, the three-coefficient Cauchy model fits experimental results more accurately than the two-coefficient model. For low birefringence (Δn⩽0.12) liquid crystal mixtures the two-coefficient Cauchy model works equally well as the three-coefficient model in the off-resonance spectral region.
BOREHOLE STONELEY WAVE PROPAGATION ACROSS PERMEABLE STRUCTURES<sup>1</sup> (1993)

A bstract This study investigates the propagation of borehole Stoneley waves across permeable structures. By modelling the structure as a zone intersecting the borehole, a simple 1D theory is formulated to treat the interaction of the Stoneley wave with the structure. This is possible because the Stoneley wave is a guided wave, with no geometric spreading as it propagates along the borehole. The interaction occurs because the zone and the surrounding formation possess different Stoneley wavenumbers. Given appropriate representations of the wavenum‐ber, the theory can be applied to treat a variety of structures, including a fluid‐filled fracture. Of special interest are the cases of permeable porous zones and fracture zones. The results show that, while Stoneley wave reflections are generated, strong Stoneley wave attenuation is produced across a very permeable zone. This result is particularly important in explaining the observed strong Stoneley wave attenuation at major fractures where it has been difficult to explain the attenuation in terms of the single planar fracture theory. In addition, by using a simple and sufficiently accurate theory to model the effects of the permeable zone, a fast and efficient method is developed to characterize the fluid transport properties of a permeable fracture zone.
Lipid apheresis: An in vivo application of plasma delipidation with organic solvents resulting in acute transient reduction of circulating plasma lipids in animals (1995)

Despite primary and secondary prevention of coronary disease with lowering plasma cholesterol by diet and drug therapy, coronary heart disease remains the major cause of death in Western countries. Low density lipoprotein apheresis had the potential to make a significant impact as it acutely leads to a marked reduction in plasma cholesterol. However, recent preliminary results suggest that low density lipoprotein apheresis may not be more effective in preventing progression of coronary disease than current drug therapy. We have devised a new technique, termed lipid apheresis, which removes cholesterol and triglycerides from plasma but retains the apolipoproteins. This procedure shows great promise in stimulating regression beyond current therapy. Lipid apheresis, a new extracorporeal procedure based on plasma delipidation with the organic solvent mixture butanol-diisopropyl ether, was applied to hypercholesterolemic and normocholesterolemic roosters. Approximately 25% of the calculated blood volume was removed from the animals. The plasma was separated from the blood cells. The plasma was delipidated for 20 min with the organic solvent mixture. The delipidated plasma containing all proteins, including the apolipoproteins and other ionic constituents, was remixed with the blood cells and infused back into the identical donor animals. Analyses of serial blood samples collected from lipid apheresed and sham treated animals up to 16 h after infusion revealed that lipid apheresis caused acute, marked reductions in plasma lipids. The pattern and extent of the plasma levels of cholesterol were different in the hypercholesterolemic animals when compared with normocholesterolemic animals, indicating that a readily extraplasma cholesterol pool in the hypercholesterolemic animals was rapidly mobilized into the plasma pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation is altered in colon cancer (2014)

The present results indicate the usefulness of a bottom-up proteomic approach for the detection of histone modifications at a global scale. The differential abundance of H3K27Ac mark in CRC, a PTM associated with active enhancers, suggests its role in regulating genes whose expression changes in CRC.
Transient degradation and recovery of CdS/CdTe solar cells (2005)

Changing the bias voltage, light intensity and temperature during stress can induce transient degradation or recovery in V/sub OC/ of CdTe solar cells. Simulated day/night cycles leads to daily degradation in the light and recovery in the dark. Greater recovery in the dark and less bias dependence is correlated with better overall stability. These transients complicate the correlation between cell (indoor) and module (outdoor) performance. Results are consistent with changes in electronic states and recombination. No single stress protocol is likely to identify all instability mechanisms.
Continuous monitoring and cyber security for high performance computing (2013)

Continuous monitoring represents a potentially significant paradigm shift for cyber security as practiced throughout the US Federal Government. With continuous monitoring, rather than test a system once every three years during certification and accreditation, the security controls that are most vital and most volatile in a computer system are tested continuously to assure a high level of system security. A key goal is to provide near-real time security status-related information to organizational officials so they may take appropriate risk mitigation actions and make cost-effective, risk-based decisions regarding the operation of the information systems.
Anisotropic diamond etching through thermochemical reaction between Ni and diamond in high-temperature water vapour (2018)

Diamond possesses excellent physical and electronic properties, and thus various applications that use diamond are under development. Additionally, the control of diamond geometry by etching technique is essential for such applications. However, conventional wet processes used for etching other materials are ineffective for diamond. Moreover, plasma processes currently employed for diamond etching are not selective, and plasma-induced damage to diamond deteriorates the device-performances. Here, we report a non-plasma etching process for single crystal diamond using thermochemical reaction between Ni and diamond in high-temperature water vapour. Diamond under Ni films was selectively etched, with no etching at other locations. A diamond-etching rate of approximately 8.7 μm/min (1000 °C) was successfully achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this rate is considerably greater than those reported so far for other diamond-etching processes, including plasma processes. The anisotropy observed for this diamond etching was considerably similar to that observed for Si etching using KOH.
E-field ferroelectric sensors: Modeling and simulation [Instrumentation Notes] (2009)

In this article, a novel approach to sensing static electric fields has been presented. The approach is extremely interesting due to the low cost of the technology and the simplicity of the architecture. The purpose of the article is to highlight the strategic role of behavioral models in the development and design of E-field sensors. It is important to observe that simulation results must always be supported by experimental evidence to confirm the predicted behaviors. A good solution to perform a reliable investigation, if allowed, is to model the main blocks of the system separately and at the same time to experimentally assess their real behavior to confirm theoretical expectations.
Neuronatin-mediated Aberrant Calcium Signaling and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Underlie Neuropathology in Lafora Disease (2013)

Lafora disease (LD) is a teenage-onset inherited progressive myoclonus epilepsy characterized by the accumulations of intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies and caused by mutations in protein phosphatase laforin or ubiquitin ligase malin. But how the loss of function of either laforin or malin causes disease pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, neuronatin was identified as a novel substrate of malin that regulates glycogen synthesis. Here we demonstrate that the level of neuronatin is significantly up-regulated in the skin biopsy sample of LD patients having mutations in both malin and laforin. Neuronatin is highly expressed in human fetal brain with gradual decrease in expression in developing and adult brain. However, in adult brain, neuronatin is predominantly expressed in parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and localized in their processes. The level of neuronatin is increased and accumulated as insoluble aggregates in the cortical area of LD brain biopsy samples, and there is also a dramatic loss of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. Ectopic expression of neuronatin in cultured neuronal cells results in increased intracellular Ca(2+), endoplasmic reticulum stress, proteasomal dysfunction, and cell death that can be partially rescued by malin. These findings suggest that the neuronatin-induced aberrant Ca(2+) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress might underlie LD pathogenesis.
Simplified and Space-Optimal Semi-Streaming (2+epsilon)-Approximate Matching (2019)

In a recent breakthrough, Paz and Schwartzman (SODA'17) presented a single-pass (2+epsilon)-approximation algorithm for the maximum weight matching problem in the semi-streaming model. Their algorithm uses O(n log^2 n) bits of space, for any constant epsilon>0. We present a simplified and more intuitive primal-dual analysis, for essentially the same algorithm, which also improves the space complexity to the optimal bound of O(n log n) bits - this is optimal as the output matching requires Omega(n log n) bits.
Intraoperative optical imaging of metabolic changes after direct cortical stimulation – a clinical tool for guidance during tumor resection? (2018)

Brain tumor resection is even today one of the most challenging disciplines in neurosurgery. The current state of the art for the identification of tumor tissue during the surgical procedure comprises a wide variety of different tools, each with its own limitations and drawbacks. In this paper, we present a novel approach, the use of optical imaging in connection with direct electrical cortical stimulation (DCS), for identification of impaired tumor tissue and functional intact normal brain tissue under intraoperative conditions. Measurements with an optical imaging setup were performed as a proof of concept on three patients who underwent tumor resection of superficial gliomas. Direct electrical stimulations were applied on tumor tissue and surrounding brain tissue in each patient and characteristic features from the observed changes in the optical properties were compared between the different groups. The results reveal that in all patients a differentiation between non-functional tumor tissue and functional intact brain tissue was possible, and the technique might be a useful clinical tool in the future.
Teaching in Wilderness (1991)

(1991). Teaching in Wilderness. The Journal of Environmental Education: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 5-9.
A Novel Nanobody-Heavy Chain Antibody Against Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 Reduces Plasma Lipids and Relieves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2022)

Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disease mainly on account of hypercholesterolemia and may progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The discovery of effective therapies for NAFLD is a critical unmet need. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), a critical lipid metabolism regulator, cause elevated blood lipids and are elevated in NAFLD. Here, we develop a nanobody-heavy chain antibody (VHH-Fc) to inhibit ANGPTL3 for NAFLD treatment. Results In this study, we screened out a anti-ANGPTL3 VHH and Fc fusion protein, C44-Fc, which exhibited a high affinity to human and mouse ANGPTL3 proteins at 0.1402~0.2088 nM and rescued ANGPLT3-mediated inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. The C44-Fc had different ANGPTL3 binding epitope, a double expression yield and better thermostability when compared with the evinacumab, maintaining no obvious degradation or aggregation at low and high pH, 40°C for 28 days, and freeze-thaw. Furthermore, C44-Fc significantly ameliorated the triglyceride (~44.2%), total cholesterol (~36.6%) and LDL-cholesterol (~54.4%) levels in hypercholesterolemic mice and ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation and liver injury in NAFLD mice. Conclusions We discover a VHH-Fc fusion protein with high affinity to ANGPTL3 and alleviates the progression of NAFLD, which offers a prospective therapy for NAFLD.
400 Gb/s (40 × 10 Gb/s) ASE Injection Seeded WDM-PON based on SOA-REAM (2013)

We demonstrate a 400-Gb/s ASE injection seeded WDM-PON. A cost-effective SOA-REAM and FEC were utilized to enhance the BER performance. A required total seed power at OLT was 8.6 dBm with the 2nd generation FEC.
Association of ceramides in human plasma with risk factors of atherosclerosis (2006)

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder. Recent studies indicate that the plasma level of sphingomyelin, which yields ceramide, correlates with the risk of coronary heart disease. Therefore, ceramide, a well-known lipid causing apoptosis in various cell types, may contribute to atherogenesis. We examined the relationship between ceramide concentration and risk factors of atherosclerosis in normal human plasma using electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Major ceramides in human plasma were C24:0 and C24:1. The ceramide concentration showed a significant positive correlation with total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). In addition, plasma ceramide level increased drastically at a high level of LDL cholesterol (more than 170 mg/dL). Our previous studies demonstrated that the sum of fragmented and conjugated apolipoprotein B-100 proteins (B-ox), which were products of a radical reaction of LDL as well as plasma, was a reliable index of atherosclerosis. B-ox showed a significant positive correlation with the plasma ceramide level. Based on these results, we propose that the ceramide level in human plasma is a risk factor at the early stages of atherosclerosis.
Röntgen von Schultergelenk und Schulterblatt bei der Katze (2022)

Qualitativ hochwertige Röntgenaufnahmen anzufertigen ist das Ziel jeder Strahlendiagnostik, und das ist gar nicht so schwer! Man nehme: durchdachte Planung, gute Lagerung, passende Lagerungshilfen und optimale Schutzkleidung. Wir zeigen hier, wie das geht.
The Expanding Role of Rapid Thermal Processing in CMOS Manufacturing (2008)

The role of single wafer Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) in semiconductor manufacturing has been steadily expanding over the last 2 decades. There are several reasons for the successful adaptation of this technology. These include more critical requirements by advanced semiconductor technologies with respect to thermal exposure and control, as well as tremendous improvements by the RTP equipment community in resolving some fundamental limitations of the tooling, historically restricting wide spread implementation. From rather humble beginnings, RTP technology has now established itself as indispensable to the production of advanced semiconductor products. We review the history and implementation of RTP technology in semiconductor processing technology at International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) from the late 1980s to recent time.
DART-a software architecture for the creation of a Distributed Asynchronous Recognition Toolbox (2002)

Automatic analysis and recognition of documents is a complex task. Substantial research effort has therefore been spent addressing sub-tasks of manageable size. The solutions, however, have to be integrated into a comprehensive engine. Following the idea of a toolbox a software architecture has been developed that enables various tools to be combined into a network of cooperating recognition algorithms. Distributing the tools on a number of processors improves overall performance by parallel execution. The configuration of the tools as well as the connections between them can easily be modified even at run-time. Simple, interactive access to the various parameters and intermediate results of an algorithm aids the development and evaluation of experimental systems. The modular approach also facilitates extension of existing systems by the integration of novel methods. DART, the Distributed Asynchronous Recognition Toolbox architecture, realises these features. DART has been successfully used for recognition of handwriting and poor quality facsimiles.
Long-term prediction of chaotic systems with machine learning (2020)

Reservoir computing systems, a class of recurrent neural networks, have recently been exploited for modelfree, data-based prediction of the state evolution of a variety of chaotic dynamical systems. The prediction horizon demonstrated has been about half dozen Lyapunov time. Is it possible to significantly extend the prediction time beyond what has been achieved so far? We articulate a scheme incorporating time-dependent but sparse data inputs into reservoir computing and demonstrate that such rare "updates" of the actual state practically enable an arbitrarily long prediction horizon for a variety of chaotic systems. A physical understanding based on the theory of temporal synchronization is developed.
Characterising strength of adhesion (2023)

The design of adhesively bonded structures requires accurate material property data. These data are often best obtained from bulk test specimens. Such data can give an indication of the cohesive strength of the materials but designers also need to consider the strengths of the interfaces between the adhesive and substrates. Information on interface strengths is normally obtained from adhesives joint tests. However, the complexity of stress distributions in bonded joints leads to difficulties in obtaining quantitative interface strengths that are applicable to other loading configurations. As part of a DTI funded Measurements for Materials Systems project, Interfacial Adhesion Strength, a number of test methods for adhesion strength were studied as methods for quantifying adhesion strength. These test methods have been evaluated, in experimental and Finite Element (FE) studies, for their ability to quantify the strength of adhesion between adhesive and adherend. The properties of the surfaces being bonded are critical for the manufacture of strong, durable adhesive bonds. Techniques for inspecting surfaces have been assessed as part of this work. There is no universal surface or adhesion test suitable for all situations – methods need to be selected on the basis of the materials (adherend and adhesive), expected structural loading and service conditions, degree of accuracy required and budget (time and cost) for the assessment. Guidance is given to the selection and use of surface characterisation and adhesion strength test methods.
Cytotoxic and Insecticidal Constituents of the Unripe Fruit of <i>Persea americana</i> (1998)

Unripe avocado fruit (Persea americana) was subjected to a bioactivity-directed fractionation, as monitored via the brine shrimp lethality assay, to isolate three major bioactive constituents (1-3). Compounds 1-3 all have a 1,2,4-triol moiety and a long aliphatic chain that terminates as either an alkane, alkene, or alkyne, respectively; 1 is new, while 2 and 3 have been described previously but not as cytotoxic or pesticidal agents. All have activity against six human tumor cell lines in culture and show selectivity for human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells with 3 being nearly as potent as adriamycin. Also, when tested against yellow fever mosquito larva, 3 was more effective than rotenone, a natural botanical insecticide and positive control.
ROLE OF FXYD PROTEINS IN ION TRANSPORT (2005)

The FXYD proteins are a family of seven homologous single transmembrane segment proteins (FXYD1-7), expressed in a tissue-specific fashion. The FXYD proteins modulate the function of Na,K-ATPase, thus adapting kinetic properties of active Na+ and K+ transport to the specific needs of different cells. Six FXYD proteins are known to interact with Na,K-ATPase and affect its kinetic properties in specific ways. Although effects of FXYD proteins on parameters such as K(1/2)Na+, K(1/2)K+, K(m)ATP, and V(max) are modest, usually twofold, these effects may have important long-term consequences for homeostasis of cation balance. In this review we summarize basic features of FXYD proteins and present recent evidence for functional effects, structure-function relations and structural interactions with Na,K-ATPase. We then discuss possible physiological roles, based on in vitro observations and newly available knockout mice models. Finally, we also consider evidence that FXYD proteins affect functioning of other ion transport systems.
Pericentric Heterochromatin Generated by HP1 Protein Interaction-defective Histone Methyltransferase Suv39h1 (2013)

Pericentric regions form epigenetically organized silent heterochromatin structures that accumulate histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and HP1. At pericentric regions, Suv39h is the major enzyme that generates H3K9me3. Suv39h also interacts directly with HP1, a methylated H3K9-binding protein. However, it is not well characterized how HP1 interaction is important for Suv39h accumulation and Suv39h-mediated H3K9me3 formation at the pericentromere. To address this, we introduced the HP1 binding-defective N-terminally truncated mouse Suv39h1 (ΔN) into Suv39h-deficient embryonic stem cells. Interestingly, pericentric accumulation of ΔN and ΔN-mediated H3K9me3 was observed to recover, but HP1 accumulation was only marginally restored. ΔN also rescued DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a and -3b accumulation and DNA methylation of the pericentromere. In contrast, other pericentric heterochromatin features, such as ATRX protein association and H4K20me3, were not recovered. Finally, derepressed major satellite repeats were partially silenced by ΔN expression. These findings clearly showed that the Suv39h-HP1 binding is dispensable for pericentric H3K9me3 and DNA methylation, but this interaction and HP1 recruitment/accumulation seem to be crucial for complete formation of heterochromatin.
<i>From Clocks to Chaos: The Rhythms of Life</i> (1989)

In an important new contribution to the literature of chaos, two distinguished researchers in the field of physiology probe central theoretical questions about physiological rhythms. Topics discussed include: How are rhythms generated? How do they start and stop? What are the effects of perturbation of the rhythms? How are oscillations organized in space? Leon Glass and Michael Mackey address an audience of biological scientists, physicians, physical scientists, and mathematicians, but the work assumes no knowledge of advanced mathematics. Variation of rhythms outside normal limits, or appearance of new rhythms where none existed previously, are associated with disease. One of the most interesting features of the book is that it makes a start at explaining dynamical diseases that are not the result of infection by pathogens but that stem from abnormalities in the timing of essential functions. From Clocks to Chaos provides a firm foundation for understanding dynamic processes in physiology.