gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Walking Pattern for an SMA-Actuated Biped (2007)

In this paper, a walking pattern filter for shape-memory-alloy (SMA)-actuated biped robots is presented. SMAs are known for their high power-to-mass ratio as well as slow response. When used as actuators, the SMA speed limitation can potentially lead to stability problems for biped robots. The presented filter adapts the human motion such that an SMA biped robot maintains a stable walking pattern. The zero moment point (ZMP) is used as the main criterion of the filter to guarantee the stability of the motion. The SMA actuators are designed based on the dynamics and kinematics of the motion. The response time of each SMA actuator is modeled in order to estimate the behavior of the actuator in realizing the given trajectory. After applying the delay times to the motion, the new trajectories are generated and evaluated by the filter for the ZMP criterion. Using simulations, it is shown that the filter can generate smooth trajectories for the SMA-actuated biped robots. The filter furthermore guarantees the stability of a robot mimicking the human walking motion.
Isolation and Identification of Quercetin Degrading Bacteria from Human Fecal Microbes (2014)

Quercetin has a wide range of biological properties. The gut microflora can often modulate its biological activity and their potential health effects. There still is a lack of information about gut bacteria involving in this process. The strains of gut microbes from human feces that can transform quercetin were isolated and identified by in vitro fermentation. The results showed that Escherichia coli, Stretococcus lutetiensis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Weissella confusa, Enterococcus gilvus, Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides fragilis have the various ability of degrading quercetin. Among them, C. perfringens and B. fragilis were discovered to have the strongest ability of degrading quercetin. Additionally, quercetin can't inhibit the growth of C. perfringens. In conclusion, many species of gut microbiota can degrade quercetin, but their ability are different.
Comparison of the effects of thymosin and other thymic factors on modulation of interleukin-2 production. (1985)

Thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) enhances interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) when cocultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). This important biological activity of TF5 is not due to the presence of two previously well-characterized component peptides, thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4, but rather to a new, still to be identified component of TF5. Comparison of TF5 with other well-defined thymic preparations and peptides indicates that this biological activity is unique to TF5 and a closely related extract prepared from porcine thymus tissue. Using a standard human PBL cell population obtained by leukopheresis and cryopreservation, it should now be possible to establish a reproducible bioassay for the isolation and characterization of one or more components of TF5 with the property of enhancing PHA-induced IL-2 production by human PBL.
Integrated Optofluidic Cell Stretchers Using Optical Lattices Generated from Vertically Embedded Multimode-Interference Waveguides (2016)

We report on-chip optical lattice generation using SU8-filled vertically embedded multimode-interference waveguides in a silicon substrate. We show stretching of rabbit red blood cells using the generated optical lattices in a fluidic channel.
Development of a large-animal human brain tumor xenograft model in immunosuppressed cats. (1991)

A large-animal model was developed to facilitate the noninvasive investigation of the effect on the human glioma-derived D-54 MG (glioblastoma multiforme) continuous cell line of a variety of therapeutic regimens. Twenty random-bred male cats were inoculated intracerebrally with 1 x 10(7) D-54 MG tumor cells after being initiated on one of three preparatory regimens of cyclosporin A p.o. Reproducible success of D-54 MG xenotransplantation (100%, 6 of 6 cats) was achieved only after pretreatment with 120 mg cyclosporin A p.o. (24-30 mg/kg) daily for greater than or equal to 10 days prior to tumor implantation. High-performance liquid chromatography-derived whole blood cyclosporin A 12-h trough levels of greater than or equal to 640 ng/ml were seen in successful implants. Lesions ranging from 2 to 20 mm in diameter were seen in cats sacrificed 27-44 days after implantation with no growth seen in control animals. Histopathological examination revealed the tumors to be well-circumscribed anaplastic intracerebral tumors with some invasion into surrounding host parenchyma. Perivascular lymphocytic cuffing was observed, but intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration was minimal. Gadolinium-EDTA-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance imaging provided accurate tumor localization in T1-weighted images (TE 26 ms; TR 600 ms). Biochemical tests of kidney, liver, and hematological function were within normal limits, although 10% (2 of 20) of the animals developed gingival hyperplasia, and 5% (1 of 20) developed intussusception. The reproducible growth of the D-54 MG human glioblastoma cell line in a large-animal model eliminates many of the limitations associated with the standard nude mouse/rat model, thereby providing a novel test bed for a variety of imaging modalities as well as for drug immunoconjugate localization and toxicity studies.
DOMESTIC RELATIONS Persons Owing Child Support: Require Employers to Report Certain Information (1987)

The Act imposes a statutory duty on state and local agencies and private employers to provide, upon the request of the Department of Human Resources, certain information about persons owing or allegedly owing a duty of support to a dependent child. July 1, 1987
Inhibition by antioxidants of nitric oxide synthase expression in murine macrophages: role of nuclear factor <i>k</i>B and interferon regulatory factor 1 (1996)

1. In view of the potential deleterious effects of high amounts of nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) in inflammation, the prevention of the expression of this enzyme represents an important therapeutic goal. In cytokine-stimulated cells, activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is crucial for the increase in iNOS gene expression. Since NF-kappa B activation appears to involve a redox-sensitive step, we have investigated whether three structurally unrelated antioxidants, 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin), 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) and N-acetyl 5-hydroxytryptamine (N-acetylserotonin, NAS), affect iNOS expression in cultured RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 140 ng ml-1) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma, 5 u ml-1). 2. During a 6 h incubation period neither LPS nor IFN gamma alone exerted a significant effect but when combined, caused a prominent increase in nitrite formation, iNOS mRNA and protein abundance. Co-incubation with chrysin (50 microM), DCI (50 microM) or NAS (1 mM) markedly attenuated this increase in iNOS gene expression. 3. DCI, but not chrysin or NAS, prevented the activation of NF-kappa B in cells exposed to LPS plus IFN gamma for 30 min. In contrast, all three antioxidants significantly blunted the DNA-binding activity of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), which mediates the synergistic effect of IFN gamma on iNOS gene expression in cells treated for 2 h with LPS plus IFN gamma. 4. DCI thus appears to inhibit iNOS gene expression at the transcriptional level by preventing the activation of both NF-kappa B and IRF-1. The inhibitory effect of DCI on NF-kappa B activation, however, does not seem to be related to its antioxidative properties, since DCI, unlike chrysin or NAS, is a potent serine protease inhibitor which stabilizes the inactive NF-kappa B complex by protecting the inhibitory I kappa B-alpha subunit from proteolytic degradation. 5. The virtually identical inhibitory effect of chrysin, DCI and NAS on the activation of IRF-1 points to a redox-sensitive step in the activation of this transcription factor, which in contrast to NF-kappa B requires de novo protein synthesis. 6. Since iNOS gene expression in human cells and tissues usually requires the combination of several cytokines, antioxidants such as chrysin and NAS which do not interfere with the activation of NF-kappa B may be of therapeutic value for selectively inhibiting the enhanced expression of this enzyme in inflammation.
Nonrigid motion analysis based on dynamic refinement of finite element models (2000)

We propose new algorithms for accurate nonrigid motion tracking. Given an initial model representing general knowledge of the object, a set of sparse correspondences, and incomplete or missing information about geometry or material properties, we can recover dense motion vectors using finite element models. The method is based on the iterative analysis of the differences between the actual and predicted behaviors. Unknown parameters are recovered using an iterative descent search for the best nonlinear finite element model that approximates nonrigid motion of the given object. During this search process, we not only estimate material properties, but also infer dense point correspondences from our initial set of sparse correspondences. Thus, during tracking, the model is refined which, in turn, improves tracking quality. Experimental results demonstrate the success of the proposed algorithm. Our work demonstrates the possibility of accurate quantitative analysis of nonrigid motion in range image sequences with objects consisting of multiple materials and 3D volumes.
Fabrication of a Single Layer and Bilayer Potentiometric Biosensors for Penicillin by Galvanostatic Entrapment of Penicillinase into Polypyrrole Films (2014)

Abstract A single layer and bilayer potentiometric biosensors for the detection of penicillin have been developed. The favourable conditions that were established for the polypyrrole‐penicillinase ((PPy‐P’nase) single layer biosensor were 0.03 M pyrrole, 50 U/mL P’nase, 0.01 M penicillin, applied current density of 0.9 mA/cm 2 and a polymerisation time of 40 s. The optimum conditions for the formation of the outer layer of the bilayer were: (a) 0.1 M Py, 19 U/mL P’nase, 0.01 M pen, current density of 0.9 mA/cm 2 and a polymerisation time of 40 s. The minimum detectable penicillin concentration with the bilayer potentiometric biosensor was 0.3 µM and the linear concentration range was 7.5–146 µM. The average percentage recovery of penicillin that was found in amoxycillin 500 mg was 113±24 %. The determination of penicillin in milk was fraught with problems of non‐specific binding of penicillin to the milk.
Design of steering mechanism and control of nonholonomic trailer systems (2001)

A wheeled mobile robot with trailers has been studied as a class of nonholonomic systems. It is proved that a system of a tractor and trailers with an appropriate connecting mechanism can be stabilized to desired positions via nonholonomic motion control. Trailers, on the other hand, have been developed and widely used in the industry. The main focus of industrial design is set on reducing tracking error from a reference trajectory. This paper attempts to bridge over the gap between these two approaches. We develop a design theory of trailer systems with passive steering. The designed systems show a good performance in practical path following, and accept the chained form transformation and nonlinear control strategies for nonholonomic systems.
In-situ observations of young contrails – overview and selected results from the CONCERT campaign (2010)

Abstract. Lineshaped contrails were detected with the research aircraft Falcon during the CONCERT – CONtrail and Cirrus ExpeRimenT – campaign in October/November 2008. Thereby the Falcon was equipped with a set of instruments to measure particle properties such as the particle size distribution, shape, extinction, chemical composition as well as trace gas concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), reactive nitrogen and halogen species (NO, NOy, HNO3, HONO, HCl), ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO). During 12 mission flights over Western Europe numerous contrails and cirrus clouds were probed at altitudes between 8.5 and 11.6 km and temperatures above 213 K. 22 contrails from 11 different aircraft were observed near and below ice saturation. The observed NO mixing ratios, ice crystal and soot number densities are compared to a process based contrail model. Further we investigate in detail the contrail from a CRJ-2 aircraft detected on 19 November 2008 in 10.1 km altitude. The contrail with an age of 1 to 2 min had average ice crystal concentrations of 128 cm−3 in the size range 0.4
Proteomic analysis reveals the diversity and complexity of membrane proteins in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (2012)

The proteomic analysis revealed many resident integral membrane proteins as well as membrane-associated proteins including those not reported earlier. To our knowledge, this is the first report of membrane proteome from aerial tissues of a crop plant. The findings may provide a better understanding of the biochemical machinery of the plant membranes at the molecular level that might help in functional genomics studies of different developmental pathways and stress-responses.
Flood Mapping with Convolutional Neural Networks Using Spatio-Contextual Pixel Information (2019)

Remote sensing technology in recent years has been regarded the most important source to provide substantial information for delineating the flooding extent to the disaster management authority. There have been numerous studies proposing mathematical or statistical classification models for flood mapping. However, conventional pixel-wise classifications methods rely on the exact match of the spectral signature to label the target pixel. In this study, we propose a fully convolutional neural networks (F-CNNs) classification model to map the flooding extent from Landsat satellite images. We utilised the spatial information from the neighbouring area of target pixel in classification. A total of 64 different models were generated and trained with a variable neighbourhood size of training samples and number of learnable filters. The training results revealed that the model trained with 3 × 3 neighbourhood sized training samples and with 32 convolutional filters achieved the best performance out of the experiments. A new set of different Landsat images covering flooded areas across Australia were used to evaluate the classification performance of the model. A comparison of our proposed classification model to the conventional support vector machines (SVM) classification model shows that the F-CNNs model was able to detect flooded areas more efficiently than the SVM classification model. For example, the F-CNNs model achieved a maximum precision rate (true positives) of 76.7% compared to 45.27% for SVM classification.
Transcriptional activation of the lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein E genes accompanies differentiation in some human macrophage-like cell lines (1988)

Stimulation of the macrophage-like cell line THP-1 with the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in differentiation into cells with many features of macrophages. This differentiation was accompanied by transcriptional activation of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apo E genes and accumulation of their protein products in the media. PMA-induced differentiation of the HEL and HL-60 cell lines was not accompanied by induction of the gene for LPL, whereas the apo E gene was induced slightly in HL-60 cells. By contrast, the gene for superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) was either unaffected (THP-1) or down regulated (HL-60 or HEL cells) by PMA treatment. Induction of LPL mRNA in THP-1 cells was dependent upon the concentration of phorbol ester added. A minimal concentration of 1.6 x 10(-8) M PMA was necessary for macrophage differentiation, induction of LPL mRNA, and synthesis of the enzyme. LPL mRNA accumulates within 3 h after stimulation with PMA and attains a maximum concentration after 6 h, thereafter slowly decreasing over the next 3 days. In contrast, the steady-state level of apo E mRNA in the same THP-1 cultures increased gradually over a period of 48 h after induction. These studies thus demonstrate that THP-1 cells are of value as a model to study the quantitative and temporal expression of the LPL and apo E genes during macrophage differentiation.
Characteristics of a Pink‐Pigmented Bacterium Isolated from Biofilm in a Cooling Tower in Tokyo, Japan (2007)

Strain K-20, a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic rod, which produces a pale pink pigment, was isolated from biofilm in a cooling tower in Tokyo, Japan. The taxonomic feature of the strain was studied using phenotypic tests and phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was related to Roseomonas gilardii subsp. rosea, Roseomonas gilardii subsp. gilardii, Roseomonas cervicalis and Roseomonas mucosa at 94.3-94.6 sequence similarities. Growth occurred at 25-40 C and pH 5.0-10.0, optimal at 35 C and pH 7.0. Growth did not occur in the presence of >or=2% NaCl. The API 20NE identification system gave a positive result for urease, L-arabinose, potassium gluconate, adipic acid, malic acid and trisodium citrate (API code number 0201465). The predominant fatty acids of strain K-20 were C18:1Delta11 (50.8%) and C16:1 (17.2%). Cells contained ubiquinone 10 (Q-10) as the major quinone and the G+C content was 72.0 mol%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, it was assumed that strain K-20 (=JCM 14634) is a novel species of the genus Roseomonas.
A real-time blind source separation for speech signals based on the orthogonalization of the joint distribution of the observed signals (2011)

This paper proposes a real-time BSS (Blind Source Separation) method for acoustic signals. The proposed method can estimate the unknown source signals based on the orthogonalization of the joint distribution of the observed mixture signals. For a real-time separation, we calculate whitening, rotation, scaling adjustment and output channel selection for a short-time frame. From the simulation results, the proposed method can estimate the original source signals for not only a human utterance noise but also a stationary noise.
Almost-unsupervised Speech Recognition with Close-to-zero Resource Based on Phonetic Structures Learned from Very Small Unpaired Speech and Text Data (2018)

Producing a large amount of annotated speech data for training ASR systems remains difficult for more than 95% of languages all over the world which are low-resourced. However, we note human babies start to learn the language by the sounds of a small number of exemplar words without hearing a large amount of data. We initiate some preliminary work in this direction in this paper. Audio Word2Vec is used to obtain embeddings of spoken words which carry phonetic information extracted from the signals. An autoencoder is used to generate embeddings of text words based on the articulatory features for the phoneme sequences. Both sets of embeddings for spoken and text words describe similar phonetic structures among words in their respective latent spaces. A mapping relation from the audio embeddings to text embeddings actually gives the word-level ASR. This can be learned by aligning a small number of spoken words and the corresponding text words in the embedding spaces. In the initial experiments only 200 annotated spoken words and one hour of speech data without annotation gave a word accuracy of 27.5%, which is low but a good starting point.
Performance study of a fish robot propelled by a flexible caudal fin (2010)

In this paper, a fish robot employing a carangiform swimming mode is adopted as an experimental platform for the parametric study. Experiments conducted in the laboratory aim to study the variation of robotic fish's thrust with respect to various parameters including the frequency and amplitude of oscillation, joint link, aspect ratio, free flow velocity and the spring effect. The testing also enables us to find out the relationship between various parameters and the thrust generated by the oscillatory motion of tail. On the other hand, the significance of the controlled parameters will be determined using statistical methods.
Different Mechanisms are Involved in cAMP-Mediated Induction of mRNAs for Subunits of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (1991)

The present study addresses possible mechanisms through which cAMP mediates its effects on mRNA levels for the subunits of protein kinase A (PKA) and the cellular protooncogene, c-fos. Messenger RNAs for the PKA subunits (RI alpha, RII alpha, RII beta, and C alpha) were regulated by cAMP with similar kinetics in Sertoli cells. However, effects of cAMP on the PKA mRNAs were slow compared to a well characterized cAMP responsive gene, c-fos. The magnitude of stimulation was dramatically different between the various PKA subunits, in that RII beta mRNA increased more than 50-fold while the mRNAs for the other subunits were induced only two to four times. Separation of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA demonstrated that mRNAs for PKA subunits were stimulated to the same extent in these two cellular compartments. The more rapid induction of c-fos mRNA by cAMP, compared to the mRNA for RII beta, was also seen at the level of transcription. Maximal transcription rate for c-fos, RI alpha, and C alpha were observed after 30 min, whereas that for RII beta was increasing during the 2-h period examined. Transcriptional activation of the RI alpha gene also appeared faster than that for RII beta. When Sertoli cells were incubated with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) cAMP and cycloheximide, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, we observed a super-induction of the mRNAs for c-fos (10-fold) and RI alpha (2-fold).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)