gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthèses de nanocristaux de TiO2 anatase à distribution de taille contrôlée. Influence de la taille des cristallites sur le spectre Raman et étude des propriétés de surface. (2006)

The determination of the size and the size distribution of anatase TiO2 nanopowders using Raman spectroscopy is presented. Several synthesis methods (soft chemistry, water-in-oil microemulsion, continuous hydrothermal synthesis) are used in order to control the size (from 3 to 20 nm), shape, phase and size distribution. The shift and width of the anatase Eg peak are often used to obtain the nanoparticles size. Homever, this peak is also sensitive to nonstoichiometry and others parameters. Low-frequency Raman scattering does not suffer from this problem. Size distibutions obtained by Raman spectroscopy and MET micrographs are compared. Finally, in situ Raman spectroscopy is used to study the surface adsorption influence on TiO2 nanocrystals.
Femtosecond laser production of metal surfaces having unique surface structures that are broadband absorbers (2006)

Femtosecond laser induced modification of surface structure and the optical properties of metals are studied. A Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser is used for ablating bulk aluminum 2024 T3 alloy and highly pure neutron activation quality gold metal samples at different laser irradiation parameters. The ablation parameters are optimized for the two metals to form a low reflection surface in the wavelength range of 0.3–50 μm. “Black aluminum” and “black gold” metal surfaces are formed upon laser ablation, having a unique surface structure with micro- and nanosized features. Sample analysis is performed by several characterization techniques like scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive x ray, profilometry, and integrating sphere reflectance measurements. Correlation is drawn between the laser ablation parameters and the formed surface structure and its properties. The reflection of light is found to depend primarily on the surface structure (roughness) of the highly modified metal surfaces.
Multiplexed highly sensitive detections of cancer biomarkers in thermal space using encapsulated phase change nanoparticles (2009)

We describe a multiplexed highly sensitive method to detect cancer biomarkers using silica encapsulated phase change nanoparticles as thermal barcodes. During phase changes, nanoparticles absorb heat energy without much temperature rise and show sharp melting peaks (0.6 °C). A series of phase change nanoparticles of metals or alloys can be synthesized in such a way that they melt between 100 and 700 °C, thus the multiplicity could reach 1000. The method has high sensitivity (8 nM) that can be enhanced using materials with large latent heat, nanoparticles with large diameter, or reducing the grafting density of biomolecules on nanoparticles.
Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (SCSP) (1998)

This document describes the Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (SCSP) and is written in terms of SCSP's use within Non Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA) networks; although, a somewhat straight forward usage is applicable to BMA networks. SCSP attempts to solve the generalized cache synchronization/cache-replication problem for distributed protocol entities. However, in this document, SCSP is couched in terms of the client/server paradigm in which distributed server entities, which are bound to a Server Group (SG) through some means, wish to synchronize the contents (or a portion thereof) of their caches which contain information about the state of clients being served.
Enzymatic transesterification of triolein and stearic acid and solid fat content of their products (1998)

Abstract Two systems were investigated and compared as models for making margarine‐type fats. Two immobilized lipases, IM60 from Rhizomucor miehei and SP435 from Candida antarctica , were used to catalyze the transesterification of triolein with stearic acid and stearic acid methyl ester, respectively, in n ‐hexane. The optimal reaction temperature for both enzymes was 55°C at a mole ratio of triolein to acyl donor of 1:2. Equilibria were reached at 18 h for IM60 and 24 h for SP435. Analysis of the overall yield and incorporation of fatty acid at the sn ‐2 position indicated that the triacylglycerol products contained 38.4 and 16.2% 18:0 for acidolysis and 34.2 and 11.3% for interesterification reactions, respectively, at the 2‐position. With SP435, the softest fat was produced after 18 h of incubation, and the hardest after 30 h. For IM60 system, 18 h of incubation gave the most plastic fat.
A Review of Cerebral Shunts, Current Technologies, and Future Endeavors. (2018)

<i>Objective</i>. The use of cerebrospinal shunts is the standard of care for hydrocephalus. However, shunts are extremely vulnerable to failure and lack noninvasive methods to monitor their viability. We review current shunt technologies and attempts to improve their function. <i>Methods</i>. A PubMed search was performed to find literature on shunts and shunt function. Company brochures and websites were also used. <i>Results</i>. Fixed and variable pressure valves from four major companies are discussed. Also reviewed are siphon resistive devices, intracranial pressure sensors, and recent attempts on the development of cerebrospinal fluid sensors, including a micromechanical flow sensor we have recently developed. <i>Conclusions</i>. While variable pressure valves and siphon resistive devices have both had considerable success in dealing with variable intracranial pressure, a more sophisticated, continuous monitoring system is needed to ensure shunt viability and patient safety. An integrated flow sensor may provide the ability to track fluid flow and determine shunt functionality.
Bistable front dynamics in a contractile medium: Travelling wave fronts and cortical advection define stable zones of RhoA signaling at epithelial adherens junctions (2017)

Mechanical coherence of cell layers is essential for epithelia to function as tissue barriers and to control active tissue dynamics during morphogenesis. RhoA signaling at adherens junctions plays a key role in this process by coupling cadherin-based cell-cell adhesion together with actomyosin contractility. Here we propose and analyze a mathematical model representing core interactions involved in the spatial localization of junctional RhoA signaling. We demonstrate how the interplay between biochemical signaling through positive feedback, combined with diffusion on the cell membrane and mechanical forces generated in the cortex, can determine the spatial distribution of RhoA signaling at cell-cell junctions. This dynamical mechanism relies on the balance between a propagating bistable signal that is opposed by an advective flow generated by an actomyosin stress gradient. Experimental observations on the behavior of the system when contractility is inhibited are in qualitative agreement with the predictions of the model.
Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and characterization of boron nitride gate insulators on InP (1991)

Thin films of boron nitride have been deposited in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, for use as a gate dielectric layer on InP. The InP substrates were pretreated by in situ HCl vapor etching prior to the film deposition. Borane-dimethylamine and ammonia were used as sources for boron and nitrogen. The depositions were carried out at low temperatures (320 °C), the samples being not directly exposed to the plasma which minimizes radiation damage to the substrates. The deposited films were characterized by ellipsometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared and ultraviolet−visible spectroscopy. Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures were realized to evaluate the bulk dielectric and insulator−semiconductor interface properties. The growth rates are low (20 nm/h). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared measurements showed that the layers are essentially boron nitride, with some boron excess (typically N/B≂0.8). The dielectric films were found to have an optical index n≂1.7, an optical band gap E0≂ 5.8 eV, a resistivity of about 1013 Ω cm and a dielectric constant of 3.5. Frequency dispersion, between 100 Hz and 1 MHz, of capacitance in accumulation did not exceed 10%. The interface state density was in the 1011–1012 cm−2 eV−1 range.
Time-Dependent Travel Time Estimation Model for Signalized Arterial Network (2007)

Travel time estimation on arterials is a challenging task for traffic engineers due to the interrupted nature of urban traffic flows. Many research efforts have been devoted on this topic, but their successes are limited and most of them can only be used for offline purposes. One of the drawbacks common to the previous studies is the under-utilization of traffic data from existing infrastructures. With the advancement of intelligent transportation systems, high-resolution detector and signal status data are available but not fully explored. In this paper, we propose and design a data-intensive time-dependent arterial travel time estimation model by exploiting the available detectors and signal status data from the existing infrastructures. Available high-resolution data are collected and analyzed to estimate the intersection delays and the arterial travel times are generated by aggregating the intersection delays based on the time of arrival. Performance of the proposed method is tested using a microscopic traffic simulation model, which simulates a hypothetical arterial network. Preliminary results have demonstrated that the proposed model can generate accurate time-dependent travel time under various traffic conditions.
Fusionless scoliosis surgery (2005)

New techniques and instrumentation at the disposal of spine surgeons allow the treatment of this challenging patient population to approach the goals of deformity correction and maintenance with preservation of potential growth. Preliminary outcomes from the different techniques are promising, but further investigation, including long-term follow-up, is necessary.
A Performance Comparison between Operation Strategies for Idle Vehicles in Automated Guided Vehicle System (1998)

An Automated Guided Vehicle System (AGVS) with a unidirectional loop guide path is modeled as a discrete-time stationary Markov chain. It is discussed how to estimate the mean response time, the utilization, and the cycle time of AGV for a delivery order. Three common operation strategies for idle vehicles - central zone positioning rule, circulatory loop positioning rule and point of release positioning rule - are analyzed. These different operation strategies are compared with each other based on the performance measures.
Collection and analysis of hazardous organic emissions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCollection and analysis of hazardous organic emissionsKenneth J. Krost, Edo D. Pellizzari, Stephen G. Walburn, and Sarah A. HubbardCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 4, 810–817Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00241a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00241a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A protein of the Z class of liver cytosolic proteins in the rat that preferentially binds heme. (1985)

A low molecular weight protein purified from rat liver cytosol was observed to bind heme with an affinity higher than that for other organic anions. Purification was achieved by two procedures, one employing affinity chromatography on oleic acid-agarose, and the other using sequential ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography after initial removal of aprotinin-sensitive proteases. Removal rather than inhibition of proteases improved the yield four times. Both procedures produced a stable protein. The purified protein binds heme with a higher affinity (Kd 0.15 microM) than any other organic anion tested including other (metallo)porphyrins, bilirubin, and oleic acid. Based on its molecular weight, amino acid composition, immunological properties, and the increase of its tissue levels in response to the administration of hypolipidemic agents, the protein was identified as being related to proteins of the Z class, whose members include fatty acid binding protein and sterol carrier protein. Like other Z proteins, our protein exhibits several forms on electrofocusing, but differs from fatty acid-binding protein and sterol carrier protein in that its major form exhibits a pI of 7.4. In view of its distinct isoelectric focusing pattern, its higher affinity for heme than for oleic acid, and its apparent inability to bind cholesterol and steroids, we cannot identify this protein as any of the above-mentioned proteins of the Z class. Consequently we have provisionally designated it heme-binding protein.
A computerized method for measuring respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation. (1986)

In order to monitor respiratory mechanics in anesthetized ventilated subjects, an automated method was developed and tested on a physical model. The model was composed of an endotracheal tube (curvilinear resistance) coupled to a rigid air-filled box (elastance). Theoretical resistance was determined during steady-state flow experiments and theoretical elastance was estimated from the dimensions of the box. The physical model was connected to a volume-cycled ventilator. Pressure (P) and air flow (V) were measured at the outlet of the tube, and the time integral V of V was calculated. Elastance (E) and curvilinear resistance (R + K/V/) were identified by multiple linear regression analysis, for each ventilatory cycle, according to equation P = EV + RV + K/V/V. When linear regression analysis of P on V, V and /V/V was performed over the entire ventilatory cycle, E was found equal to its estimate, whereas R and K appeared different from their theoretical values. In order to improve determination of R and K, resistive pressure (Pr = P - EV) was calculated using the previously obtained value of E, and multiple linear regression of Pr on V and /V/V was performed over different fractions of the ventilatory cycle. When determined over the expiratory phase corresponding to decreasing flows, R and K were found close to their expected values. Such a method to calculate elastance and curvilinear resistance should prove convenient and efficient in measuring respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation.
Segmentation of pelvic organs at risk using superpixels and graph diffusion in prostate radiotherapy (2015)

Segmentation of organs at risk (OAR) in male pelvis is critical for planning prostate cancer radiotherapy. We are interested in femoral heads, rectum and bladder segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) images in order to protect OARs during radiotherapy planning. The proposed methodology is based on superpixel algorithm in order to over-segment patient image by solving a local Eikonal function from initial seeds. Afterwards, the segmentation is obtained by computing a graph diffusion on a region adjacency graph (RAG) extracted from the over-segmentation thanks to some nodes labeled by the user. Superpixel segmentation is carried out slice-by-slice in 2D. Then, a RAG is constructed in 3D to obtain 3D OAR segmentation. The influence of the initial number of seeds on the segmentation is studied. The performances of the algorithm is evaluated and compared to 4 other methods.
Predict Responsibly: Improving Fairness and Accuracy by Learning to\n Defer (2017)

In many machine learning applications, there are multiple decision-makers\ninvolved, both automated and human. The interaction between these agents often\ngoes unaddressed in algorithmic development. In this work, we explore a simple\nversion of this interaction with a two-stage framework containing an automated\nmodel and an external decision-maker. The model can choose to say "Pass", and\npass the decision downstream, as explored in rejection learning. We extend this\nconcept by proposing "learning to defer", which generalizes rejection learning\nby considering the effect of other agents in the decision-making process. We\npropose a learning algorithm which accounts for potential biases held by\nexternal decision-makers in a system. Experiments demonstrate that learning to\ndefer can make systems not only more accurate but also less biased. Even when\nworking with inconsistent or biased users, we show that deferring models still\ngreatly improve the accuracy and/or fairness of the entire system.\n
Digitization of multistep organic synthesis in reactionware for on-demand pharmaceuticals (2018)

Chemical manufacturing is often done at large facilities that require a sizable capital investment and then produce key compounds for a finite period. We present an approach to the manufacturing of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals in a self-contained plastic reactionware device. The device was designed and constructed by using a chemical to computer-automated design (ChemCAD) approach that enables the translation of traditional bench-scale synthesis into a platform-independent digital code. This in turn guides production of a three-dimensional printed device that encloses the entire synthetic route internally via simple operations. We demonstrate the approach for the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist, (±)-baclofen, establishing a concept that paves the way for the local manufacture of drugs outside of specialist facilities.
NK Cells of Kidney Transplant Recipients Display an Activated Phenotype that Is Influenced by Immunosuppression and Pathological Staging (2015)

To explore phenotype and function of NK cells in kidney transplant recipients, we investigated the peripheral NK cell repertoire, capacity to respond to various stimuli and impact of immunosuppressive drugs on NK cell activity in kidney transplant recipients. CD56dim NK cells of kidney transplanted patients displayed an activated phenotype characterized by significantly decreased surface expression of CD16 (p=0.0003), CD226 (p<0.0001), CD161 (p=0.0139) and simultaneously increased expression of activation markers like HLA-DR (p=0.0011) and CD25 (p=0.0015). Upon in vitro stimulation via Ca++-dependent signals, down-modulation of CD16 was associated with induction of interferon (IFN)-γ expression. CD16 modulation and secretion of NFAT-dependent cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-31 were significantly suppressed by treatment of isolated NK cells with calcineurin inhibitors but not with mTOR inhibitors. In kidney transplant recipients, IFN-γ production was retained in response to HLA class I-negative target cells and to non-specific stimuli, respectively. However, secretion of other cytokines like IL-13, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-31 was significantly reduced compared to healthy donors. In contrast to suppression of cytokine expression at the transcriptional level, cytotoxin release, i.e. perforin, granzyme A/B, was not affected by immunosuppression in vitro and in vivo in patients as well as in healthy donors. Thus, immunosuppressive treatment affects NK cell function at the level of NFAT-dependent gene expression whereby calcineurin inhibitors primarily impair cytokine secretion while mTOR inhibitors have only marginal effects. Taken together, NK cells may serve as indicators for immunosuppression and may facilitate a personalized adjustment of immunosuppressive medication in kidney transplant recipients.
Characterizing synthetic polymers and additives using new ionization methods for mass spectrometry (2014)

The specificity of 3-NBN matrix to ionize small and large nonvolatile analyte molecules by MAIV makes this matrix a good choice for observing low-abundance additives in the presence of large amounts of synthetic polymer using MS.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Long-Term Callus Cultures of Zea mays L. (Gramineae) (1984)

Long-term (1 yr), soft, embryogenic callus tissue cultures were established from excised immature embryos of a commercial cultivar of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). Plant regeneration occurred by the formation of somatic embryos, and the regenerated plants were morphologically normal with 2n = 20 chromosomes. Such cultures may be useful for the isolation of mutants and the establishment of embryogenic cell suspension cultures.
Integration of aerobic oxidation and intramolecular asymmetric aza-Friedel–Crafts reactions with a chiral bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst (2016)

A new class of chiral bifunctional heterogeneous materials composed of Au/Pd nanoparticles and chiral phosphoric acids as active orthogonal catalysts was prepared by utilizing a facile pseudo-suspension co-polymerization method. It was found that this heterogeneous catalyst was capable of facilitating the sequential aerobic oxidation-asymmetric intramolecular aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzyl alcohols and <i>N</i>-aminoethylpyrroles. Moreover, the designed chiral heterogeneous catalyst could be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of activity or enantioselectivity.