gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ASC-FFT: Area-Efficient Low-Latency FFT Design Based on Asynchronous Stochastic Computing (2019)

Asynchronous Stochastic Computing (ASC) is a new paradigm that addresses Synchronous Stochastic Computing (SSC) drawbacks, expensive stochastic number generation (SNG) and long latency, by using continuous time streams (CTS). To go beyond the basic operations of addition and multiplication in ASC we need to incorporate a memory element. Although for SSC the natural memory element is a clocked-flip-flop, using the same approach with no synchronized data leads to unacceptable large error. In this paper, we propose to use a capacitor embedded in a feedback loop as the ASC memory element. Based on this idea, we design a low-error asynchronous adder that stores the carry information in the capacitor. Our adder enables the implementation of more complex computation logic. As an example, we implement an asynchronous stochastic Fast Fourier Transform (ASC-FFT) using a FinFET1X <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> technology. The proposed adder requires 76%-24% less hardware cost compared against conventional and SSC adders respectively. Besides, the ASC-FFT shows 3X less latency when compared with SSC-FFT approaches and significant improvements in latency and area over conventional FFT architectures with no degradation of the computation accuracy measured by the FFT Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Nonisolated Bidirectional Zero-Voltage-Switching DC–DC Converter (2011)

A new nonisolated bidirectional zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) dc-dc converter is proposed. The proposed converter can operate with ZVS, fixed switching frequency, and a ripple-free inductor current regardless of the direction of power flow. To provide ZVS of the power switches and a ripple-free inductor current, the proposed converter utilizes a very simple auxiliary circuit that consists of an additional winding to the main inductor and an auxiliary inductor. Due to ZVS operation, the reverse recovery problem of the antiparallel body diode of the power switch does not occur. Moreover, the ripple-free inductor current can reduce the voltage ripple. Theoretical analysis of the proposed bidirectional dc-dc converter and the experimental results obtained on 100-W prototype are discussed.
Association of Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation and CD133 Expression with Poor Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer (2016)

VM formation and CD133 expression can provide additional prognostic information for patients with ovarian cancer. Combined marker of VM formation and CD133 expression may be a potent predictor for poor prognosis for patients with ovarian cancer.
Synthesis of a Peptidomimetic HCMV Protease Inhibitor Library (2002)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protease catalyzes the maturational process of the herpes virus assembly protein and plays a key role during the manufacture of viral capsid, and so is an attractive target for potential anti-herpes-virus agents with novel structures and new mechanisms. In this work, a peptidomimetic skeleton was designed and a chemical library containing 32 compounds with different substitutions on the skeleton was prepared by the oxidation of a precursor library, which was constructed from four types of building blocks: 4 carboxylic acids, 2 amines, 2 aldehydes and 2 isocyanides, based on multicomponent condensation following liquid phase strategies. The syntheses of the key building block isocyanides are presented.
Proposition of an interharmonic‐based methodology for high‐impedance fault detection in distribution systems (2015)

This study presents the preliminary results of a new methodology for detecting high‐impedance faults in distribution systems based on interharmonic signatures. The methodology involves incorporation of an interharmonic current analysis system into a conventional protection system, such as automatic reclosers and sectionalisers. To check the functionality of the proposed methodology, the authors carried out field tests on different types of soil, involving instantaneous current waveform measurements during the occurrence of faults. The results suggest that the methodology, based on interharmonic currents produced by variations in electric arc length during the occurrence of high‐impedance faults, shows great promise when it comes to detection of the disturbance.
Neural Optimal Transport (2022)

We present a novel neural-networks-based algorithm to compute optimal transport maps and plans for strong and weak transport costs. To justify the usage of neural networks, we prove that they are universal approximators of transport plans between probability distributions. We evaluate the performance of our optimal transport algorithm on toy examples and on the unpaired image-to-image translation.
Tenascin/hexabrachion in human skin: biochemical identification and localization by light and electron microscopy. (1989)

Tenascin/hexabrachion is a large glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix. Previous reports have demonstrated that tenascin is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces during embryogenesis and is prominent in the matrix of many tumors. However, the distribution of tenascin is more restricted in adult tissues. We have found tenascin to be present in normal human skin in a distribution distinct from other matrix proteins. Immunohistochemical studies showed staining of the papillary dermis immediately beneath the basal lamina. Examination of skin that had been split within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane suggested a localization of tenascin beneath the lamina lucida. In addition, there was finely localized staining within the walls of blood vessels and in the smooth muscle bundles of the arrectori pilorem. Very prominent staining was seen around the cuboidal cells that formed the basal layer of sweat gland ducts. The sweat glands themselves did not stain. The distribution of tenascin in the papillary dermis was studied at high resolution by immunoelectron microscopy. Staining was concentrated in small amorphous patches scattered amongst the collagen fibers beneath the basal lamina. These patches were not associated with cell structures, collagen, or elastic fibers. Tenascin could be partially extracted from the papillary dermis by urea, guanidine hydrochloride, or high pH solution. The extracted protein showed a 320-kD subunit similar to that purified from fibroblast or glioma cell cultures. We have developed a sensitive ELISA assay that can quantitate tenascin at concentrations as low as 5 ng/ml. Tests on extracts of the papillary dermis showed tenascin constituted about 0.02-0.05% of the protein extracted.
<i>p</i>-Xylene Oxidation to Terephthalic Acid: A Literature Review Oriented toward Process Optimization and Development (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTp-Xylene Oxidation to Terephthalic Acid: A Literature Review Oriented toward Process Optimization and DevelopmentRogério A. F. Tomás†, João C. M. Bordado‡, and João F. P. Gomes*‡§View Author Information† ARTLANT, Zona Industrial e Logística de Sines, Zona 2, Lote 2E1, Monte Feio, 7520-064 Sines, Portugal‡ Instituto de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia/Instituto Superior Técnico (IBB), Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal§ Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 10, 7421–7469Publication Date (Web):June 14, 2013Publication History Received25 July 2012Published online14 June 2013Published inissue 9 October 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300298jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300298jreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15645Altmetric-Citations307LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Oxidation,Oxides,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
Cyclohexaamylose complexation with organic solvent molecules (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclohexaamylose complexation with organic solvent moleculesRobert I. Gelb, Lowell M. Schwartz, Michael Radeos, Robert B. Edmonds, and Daniel A. LauferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 23, 6283–6288Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00387a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polyelectrolyte Titration:  Theory and Experiment (2000)

Titration of methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymers is studied experimentally and theoretically. At low salt concentrations, this polyacid exhibits a plateau in the titration curve below the neutralization point. The plateau has often been attributed to a first-order phase transition associated with polymer conformational changes. We argue that the specific shape of titration curves of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes is due to electrostatics and does not necessarily require a conformation change of the polyelectrolyte chains. We calculate the free energy at the mean-field level and its first-order (one loop) correction using a loop expansion. The latter is dominated by Debye−Hückel-like charge−charge correlations as well as by correlations between dissociation sites along the polymer chain. We show that the one-loop corrections to the free energy lead to titration curves that agree with experiments. In particular, the model explains the decrease of the pH at the plateau when the polymer concentration is increased or when salt is added to the solution.
Molecular links between tumor angiogenesis and inflammation: inflammatory stimuli of macrophages and cancer cells as targets for therapeutic strategy (2008)

Both inflammation and angiogenesis are exacerbated by increased production of chemokines/cytokines, growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, proteoglycans, lipid mediators and prostaglandins. It has been reported that approximately 15-20% of all malignancies are initiated or exacerbated by inflammation. Initiation and progression of cancer are also closely linked to angiogenesis. Infiltration of macrophages is a dramatic and common feature of inflammation, angiogenesis and cancer, and has been recently highlighted in an attempt to develop novel strategies for treating cancer. The recruitment and infiltration of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment activates them to support the malignant progression of cancer cells, and these macrophages are called tumor-associated macrophages. In a model of experimental angiogenesis using mouse corneas, macrophages infiltrated tissue in response to inflammatory cytokines and produced chemokines and angiogenesis-promoting factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A, interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinases, prostanoids and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, in a cancer xenograft model, inflammatory stimuli by a representative inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1beta, enhanced tumor growth and angiogenesis with infiltration and activation of macrophages. Co-culture of cancer cells with macrophages synergistically stimulated production of various angiogenesis-related factors when stimulated by the inflammatory cytokine. This inflammatory angiogenesis in both mouse cornea and a tumor model was mediated, in part, by activation of nuclear factor kappaB and activator protein 1 (Jun/Fos). Administration of either nuclear factor kappaB-targeting drugs or cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors or depletion of macrophages could block both inflammatory angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. Thus, both inflammatory and angiogenic responses in tumor stroma could be targets for development of anticancer therapeutic drugs.
Sparse channel estimation based on compressed sensing for ultra wideband systems (2011)

Channel estimation for purposes of equalization is a long standing problem in signal processing. Wireless propagation is characterized by sparse channels, that is channels whose time domain impulse response consists of few dominant multipath fingers. This paper examines the use of Compressed Sensing (CS) in the estimation of highly sparse channels. In particular, a new channel sparse model for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems based on the frequency domain signal model is presented. A new greedy algorithm named extended OMP (eOMP) is proposed to reduce the false path detection achieved with classical Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) allowing better time of arrival (TOA) estimation.
A Bayesian Matrix Factorization Model for Relational Data (2018)

Relational learning can be used to augment one data source with other correlated sources of information, to improve predictive accuracy. We frame a large class of relational learning problems as matrix factorization problems, and propose a hierarchical Bayesian model. Training our Bayesian model using random-walk Metropolis-Hastings is impractically slow, and so we develop a block MetropolisHastings sampler which uses the gradient and Hessian of the likelihood to dynamically tune the proposal. We demonstrate that a predictive model of brain response to stimuli can be improved by augmenting it with side information about the stimuli.
A Low-cost Approach to Low-power Gas Sensors Based on Self-Heating Effects in Large Arrays of Nanostructures (2015)

The usual operation of a conductometric sensor device requires of an external energy source (i.e. an embedded heater). In the last years, the Joule effect in the sensing material, the so called self-heating effect, offered and alternative method to provide this energy: the probing current (or voltage) applied to measure the sensor signal also serves to heat up the sensor active film. Here, evidences of self-heating effects occurring on large arrays of nanostructures fabricated with low-cost methods are provided. The methodology is proven to be suitable to sense gases (humidity, NH3 and NO2) with low-powered heater-free devices.
Acute hand injury splinting – the good, the bad and the ugly (2017)

Injuries to the hand comprise 20% of all emergency department attendances, with an estimated annual treatment cost of over £100 million in the UK. The initial assessment and management of hand injuries is usually undertaken by junior staff, many of whom have little or no training or experience in splinting hand fractures. In the Department of Orthopaedic Hand Surgery, Morriston Hospital, we regularly observe patients presenting to the specialist hand fracture clinics having had initial management that shows no appreciation for the treatment objectives or the safe positions for splinting. This article aims to provide guidance for frontline staff on the management of hand fractures, with particular emphasis on the appropriate nonoperative care to avoid any unnecessary morbidity.
Representations of the Knowledge Economy: Irish Newspapers' Discourses on a Key Policy Idea (2009)

FROM TIME TO TIME, notions take hold in society in such a way that they become reference ideas across diverse social sectors, and terms associated with these reference ideas proliferate in public discourses and media of various kinds. This is notably true for the ‘knowledge economy’ and ‘knowledge society’; these terms have largely displaced other terms to describe the particular character of advanced economies and societies in the early 21st century. Other terms have struggled to co-exist: ‘information society’ seems passé; ‘services society’, ‘audit society’ and ‘risk society’ are marginal or niche terms; ‘innovation society’ has had intermittent periods of prominence. The main purpose of this paper is to examine how ‘knowledge society’ and related terms have been adopted and adapted in media discourses.
High Altitude Aerial Natural Gas Leak Detection System (2006)

The objective of this program was to develop and demonstrate a cost-effective and power-efficient advanced standoff sensing technology able to detect and quantify, from a high-altitude (> 10,000 ft) aircraft, natural gas leaking from a high-pressure pipeline. The advanced technology is based on an enhanced version of the Remote Methane Leak Detector (RMLD) platform developed previously by Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI). The RMLD combines a telecommunications-style diode laser, fiber-optic components, and low-cost DSP electronics with the well-understood principles of Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS), to indicate the presence of natural gas located between the operator and a topographic target. The transceiver transmits a laser beam onto a topographic target and receives some of the laser light reflected by the target. The controller processes the received light signal to deduce the amount of methane in the laser's path. For use in the airborne platform, we modified three aspects of the RMLD, by: (1) inserting an Erbium-doped optical fiber laser amplifier to increase the transmitted laser power from 10 mW to 5W; (2) increasing the optical receiver diameter from 10 cm to 25 cm; and (3) altering the laser wavelength from 1653 nm to 1618 nm. The modified RMLD system provides a path-integrated methane concentration sensitivity {approx}5000 ppm-m, sufficient to detect the presence of a leak from a high capacity transmission line while discriminating against attenuation by ambient methane. In ground-based simulations of the aerial leak detection scenario, we demonstrated the ability to measure methane leaks within the laser beam path when it illuminates a topographic target 2000 m away. We also demonstrated simulated leak detection from ranges of 200 m using the 25 cm optical receiver without the fiber amplifier.
The Receptor for Type I IFNs Is Highly Expressed on Peripheral Blood B Cells and Monocytes and Mediates a Distinct Profile of Differentiation and Activation of These Cells (2004)

Type I interferons (IFNs) are potent regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity. All type I IFNs bind to the same heterodimeric cell surface receptor composed of IFN-alpha receptor (IFNAR-1) and IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR-2) polypeptides. This study revealed that type I IFN receptor levels vary considerably on hematopoietic cells, with monocytes and B cells expressing the highest levels. Overnight treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IFN-alpha2b or IFN-beta led to increased expression on monocytes and B cells of surface markers commonly associated with activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as CD38, CD86, MHC class I, and MHC class II. Five-day exposure of adherent monocytes to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus IFN-alpha or IFN-beta caused the development of potent allostimulatory cells with morphology similar to that of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from culture with GM-CSF and interleukin-4 (IL-4) but with distinct cell surface marker profiles and activity. In contrast to IL-4-derived DCs, IFN-alpha-derived DCs were CD14+, CD1a-, CD123+, CD32+, and CD38+ and expressed high levels of CD86 and MHC class II. Development of these cells was completely blocked by an antibody to IFNAR-1. Furthermore, activity of the type I IFN-derived DC in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was consistently more potent than that of IL-4-derived DCs, especially at high responder/stimulator ratios. This MLR activity was abrogated by the addition of anti-IFNAR-1 antibody at the start of the DC culture. In contrast, there was no effect of anti-IFNAR-1 on IL-4-derived DCs, indicating that this is a distinct pathway of DC differentiation. These results suggest a potential role for anti-IFNAR-1 immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which the action of excessive type I IFN on B cells and myeloid DCs may play a role in disease pathology.
TMPRSS2-ERG Fusion Gene Expression in Prostate Tumor Cells and Its Clinical and Biological Significance in Prostate Cancer Progression (2012)

TMPRSS2-Ets gene fusions were identified in prostate cancers where the promoter of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) fused with coding sequence of the erythroblastosis virus E26 (Ets) gene family members. TMPRSS2 is an androgen responsive transmembrane serine protease. Ets family members are oncogenic transcription factors that contain a highly conserved Ets DNA binding domain and an N-terminal regulatory domain.Fusion of these gene results in androgen dependent transcription of Ets factor in prostate tumor cells. The ERG is the most common fusion partner with TMPRSS2 promoter in prostate cancer patients. The high prevalence of these gene fusions, in particular TMPRSS2-ERG, makes them attractive as potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators, as well as making them a potential target for tailored therapies.This review focuses on the clinical and biological significance of TMPRSS2-ERG fusions and their role in PC development and progression.
Prognostic Utility of Novel Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress (2012)

Multiple biomarkers of cardiovascular stress are detectable in ambulatory individuals and add prognostic value to standard risk factors for predicting death, overall cardiovascular events, and heart failure.
Method to determine the melting temperatures of metals under megabar shock pressures (2005)

Based on the model that the high-pressure melting temperatures of metals approximately equal the experimentally measured interface temperatures between the metallic plate sample and the transparent window when shock- and/or release-induced melting falls into the mixed phase region, we proposed a method to determine the melting temperatures of metals under megabars of shock compression. Experiments were conducted by using the oxygen-free high-conductivity copper, and pure iron plate sample with single-crystal lithium fluoride windows. Results showed that the measured melting temperatures are in good agreement with reported theoretical calculations.