gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical Simulation of Electrooptical Performance of Amorphous Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays (1993)

A simulation of the electrooptical (EO) performance of an amorphous twisted nematic liquid crystal display (a-TN-LCD) has been performed. The a-TN-LCDs are prepared by filling chiral-molecule-doped NLCs into empty cells in the isotropic phase and cooling them to room temperature; the inner surfaces of the cells are topographically and optically homogeneous and no rubbing is performed. The a-TN-LCDs exhibit wide and uniform viewing angle characteristics and suitable EO performance for gray-scale operation, in comparison with those of conventional TN-LCDs. These characteristics of the a-TN-LCD are successfully reproduced and explained by computer simulation.
High-efficiency metallic multistratum concave diffraction grating (2012)

A concave diffraction grating for integrated optics is constructed by replacing the reflective metallic part by multiple thin elements of metal, each partially reflecting the light, arranged in elliptical fashion in order to distribute the diffraction/reflection of light and provide aberration-free focusing by combining the diffraction condition and Bragg condition of these curved reflectors. It results in increasing the reflection from 39% to 73%, as simulations show.
Herpes simplex virus (type 1) thymidine kinase gene does not transform cells morphologically. (1981)

BALB/c-derived 10E2 cells were made thymidine kinase(TK)-negative and one isolated clone (B2) was used for studying morphological and biochemical transformations by herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (strain 10412). The B2 cells displayed a "normal" flat appearance and were nontumorigenic in nude mice when tested at frequent intervals over a period of 45 subcultures. B2 cells infected with UV-irradiated HSV (UV-HSV) and maintained in normal growth medium showed foci of spindle-shaped cells after one subculture. The cells from these morphologically transformed foci were tumorigenic in nude mice and were TK negative. B2 cells infected with UV-HSV or transfected with the HSV-1 TK gene and maintained in TK-selective medium showed discrete colonies of cells which displayed a normal flat appearance and expressed the viral TK enzyme. These biochemically transformed B2 cells were nontumorigenic in nude mice. The findings with B2 cells indicate that biochemical and morphological transformations by HSV-1 are independent events and suggest that the HSV-1 TK gene is a suitable vehicle for introducing non-TK genes into cells to assess their transforming potential.
GB virus type C interactions with HIV: the role of envelope glycoproteins (2009)

GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) is the most closely related human virus to hepatitis C virus (HCV). GBV-C is lymphotropic and not associated with any known disease, although it is associated with improved survival in HIV-infected individuals. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, GBV-C induces the release of soluble ligands for HIV entry receptors (RANTES, MIP-1a, MIP-1b and SDF-1), suggesting that GBV-C may interact with lymphocytes to induce a chemokine and/or cytokine milieu that is inhibitory to HIV infection. Expression of GBV-C envelope glycoprotein E2 in CD4+ T cells or addition of recombinant E2 to CD4 cells recapitulates the HIV inhibition seen with GBV-C infection. Like HCV E2, GBV-C E2 is predicted to be post-translationally processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved with cell binding. The C-termini of GBV-C E1 and E2 proteins contain predicted transmembrane domains sharing features with HCV TM domains. To date, cellular receptor(s) for GBV-C E2 have not been identified. GBV-C E2-mediated HIV inhibition is dose-dependent and HIV replication is blocked at the binding and/or entry step. In addition, a putative GBV-C E2 fusion peptide interferes with HIV gp41 peptide oligomerization required for HIV-1 fusion, further suggesting that GBV-C E2 may inhibit HIV entry. Additional work is needed to identify the GBV-C E2 cellular receptor, characterize GBV-C E2 domains responsible for HIV inhibition, and to examine GBV-C E2-mediated fusion in the context of the entire envelope protein or viral-particles. Understanding the mechanisms of action may identify novel approaches to HIV therapy.
The Definition of GOES Infrared Lightning Initiation Interest Fields (2010)

Abstract Within cumulus cloud fields that develop in conditionally unstable air masses, only a fraction of the cumuli may eventually develop into deep convection. Identifying which of these convective clouds is most likely to generate lightning often starts with little more than a qualitative visual satellite analysis. The goal of this study is to identify the observed satellite infrared (IR) signatures associated with growing cumulus clouds prior to the first lightning strike, or lightning initiation (LI). This study quantifies the behavior of 10 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-12 (GOES-12) IR fields of interest in the 1 h in advance of LI. A total of 172 lightning-producing storms, which occurred during the 2009 convective season, are manually tracked and studied over four regions: northern Alabama, central Oklahoma, the Kennedy Space Center, and Washington, D.C. Four-dimensional and cloud-to-ground lightning array data provide a total cloud lightning picture (in-cloud, cloud-to-cloud, cloud-to-air, and cloud-to-ground) and thus precise LI points for each storm in both time and space. Statistical significance tests are conducted on observed trends for each of the 10 LI fields to determine the unique information each field provides in terms of behavior prior to LI. Eight out of 10 LI fields exhibited useful information at least 15 min in advance of LI, with 35 min being the average. Statistical tests on these eight fields are compared for separate large geographical areas. Median IR temperatures and 3.9-μm reflectance values are then determined for all 172 events as an outcome, which may be valuable when implementing a LI prediction algorithm into real-time satellite-based systems.
Smooth contact-aware facial blendshapes transfer (2013)

In this paper, we propose a method to improve the quality of the facial blendshapes synthesized using deformation transfer by introducing the idea of contact and smoothness awareness. Simply applying deformation transfer for face models easily results in penetrations and separations which do not exist in the original data. As there is no concept of smoothness, crumpling artifacts appear where the mesh is extremely concentrated, e.g. eyelids and mouth corners. We solve these issues by first introducing the concept of virtual triangles and then adding a Laplacian energy term into the linear problem to be solved for the deformation transfer. Experimental results show that our system reduces the amount of artifacts caused by the original deformation transfer, improving the efficiency of the animation pipeline.
Uniform Coverage Designs for Molecule Selection (2002)

AbstractIn screening for drug discovery, chemists often select a large subset of molecules from a very large database (e.g., select 1,000 molecules from 100,000). To generate diverse leads for drug optimization, highly active compounds in several structurally different chemical classes are sought. Molecules can be characterized by numerical descriptors, and the chosen subset should cover the descriptor space or subspaces formed by several descriptors. We propose a method that concentrates on low-dimensional subspaces, a criterion for uniformity of coverage, and a fast exchange algorithm to optimize the criterion. These methods are illustrated by using a National Cancer Institute database.KEY WORDS : BinningDrug discoveryExchange algorithmHigh throughput screeningProjectionSpace-filling design
Three-dimensional Multi-site Random Access Photostimulation (3D-MAP) (2020)

Abstract Optical control of neural ensemble activity has been crucial for understanding brain function and disease, yet no technology can achieve optogenetic control of very large numbers of neurons at extremely fast rates over a large volume. State-of-the-art multiphoton holographic optogenetics requires high power illumination that only address relatively small populations of neurons in parallel. Conversely, one-photon holographic techniques can stimulate more neurons but with a trade-off between resolution and addressable volume. We introduce a new one-photon light sculpting technique, termed Three-Dimensional Multi-site random Access Photostimulation (3D-MAP), that simultaneously overcomes all these limitations by dynamically modulating light in both the spatial and angular domain at multi-kHz rates. Electrophysiological measurements confirm that 3D-MAP achieves high spatial precision in vitro and in vivo. Using 3D-MAP, we then interrogate neural circuits with 3D multi-site illumination with high resolution over a large volume of intact brain that existing techniques cannot achieve.
Amorphous Boron Nitride: A Universal, Ultrathin Dielectric For 2D Nanoelectronics (2016)

Next‐generation nanoelectronics based on 2D materials ideally will require reliable, flexible, transparent, and versatile dielectrics for transistor gate barriers, environmental passivation layers, capacitor spacers, and other device elements. Ultrathin amorphous boron nitride of thicknesses from 2 to 17 nm, described in this work, may offer these attributes, as the material is demonstrated to be universal in structure and stoichiometric chemistry on numerous substrates including flexible polydimethylsiloxane, amorphous silicon dioxide, crystalline Al 2 O 3 , other 2D materials including graphene, 2D MoS 2 , and conducting metals and metal foils. The versatile, large area pulsed laser deposition growth technique is performed at temperatures less than 200 °C and without modifying processing conditions, allowing for seamless integration into 2D device architectures. A device‐scale dielectric constant of 5.9 ± 0.65 at 1 kHz, breakdown voltage of 9.8 ± 1.0 MV cm −1 , and bandgap of 4.5 eV were measured for various thicknesses of the ultrathin a ‐BN material, representing values higher than previously reported chemical vapor deposited h ‐BN and nearing single crystal h ‐BN.
Power Allocation and Performance of Multiuser Mixed RF/FSO Relay Networks With Opportunistic Scheduling and Outdated Channel Information (2016)

This paper studies the performance of a multiuser mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) relay network with transmit opportunistic scheduling. The outdated channel information (OCI) on the first relaying hop and its effect on the system performance is also studied in this paper. Furthermore, a power allocation scheme is proposed for optimizing the overall system performance. The considered system includes K sources (users), one amplify-and-froward relay and one destination. The users are connected with the relay node through RF links and the relay is connected with the destination through an FSO link. In the analysis, the first hop channels are assumed to follow Rayleigh fading model and the second hop channel is assumed to follow Gamma-Gamma fading model with considering the effect of pointing errors. Closed-form expressions are derived for the outage probability, average symbol error probability, and ergodic channel capacity. Furthermore, the system performance is studied at high signal-to-noise ratio regime, where the diversity order and coding gain are derived and analyzed. Using the asymptotic results, the power of users and relay are determined to minimize the system outage probability under a total power constraint. Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to validate the achieved exact and asymptotic results. Main results show that under weak atmospheric turbulence conditions, the system performance is dominated by the RF channels and a diversity order of K is achieved by the system, whereas under severe atmospheric turbulence conditions, the system is dominated by the FSO channel and the diversity order is determined by the minimum value of the turbulence fading and pointing error parameters.
Inverter-Data-Driven Second-Level Power Forecasting for Photovoltaic Power Plant (2020)

Globally, the installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power plants is undergoing rapid growth. However, the random output power fluctuation of PV plants has brought great challenge to power system stable operation. One of the most effective approaches to counteract the impact of power fluctuation is to carry out power forecasting under ultra-short-term scales, among which the second-level power forecasting technique is still absent since the pure historical data analysis of PV plant output power cannot deal with the sudden output power change induced by moving cloud and the traditional cloud image detection methods actually fail to achieve accurate PV power forecasting in high temporal and spatial resolutions. This article proposes an inverter-data-driven method to achieve the second-level PV power forecasting. In specific, multilayer feed-forward artificial neural network based on the error back propagation algorithm is applied to first establish the mapping relations from shading conditions of PV array to its corresponding output power. Combining with output power of neighboring PV arrays as well as their geographical location information, the shading conditions of those shaded PV array can be reversely deduced. And then, the deduced shading conditions of all PV arrays will be converted into one virtual cloud image to identify the instant cloud characteristics. In consequence, the consecutively generated virtual cloud images can depict the moving direction, speed, and shape of shading cloud and then help easily realize the second-level power forecasting of PV plant. Case study and experimental results verified the performance of the proposed method.
Coordinate glycosylation and cell surface expression of glycophorin A during normal human erythropoiesis (1987)

Abstract The expression of two epitopes on glycophorin A (GPA) during erythroid development was examined on normal human bone marrow using quantitative flow cytometry. The highly correlated binding of two monoclonal antibodies, one sensitive and the other insensitive to glycosylation, indicated that the two epitopes were coordinately expressed during erythroid development. Both antigens reached a maximum expression during the early normoblast stage and were maintained at a constant amount per cell throughout further maturation to erythrocytes. These data suggest that glycosylation of GPA, as detected by antibodies recognizing blood group (M) and (N) antigens, does not increase during erythroid maturation.
Sequencing, Disruption, and Characterization of the <i>Candida albicans</i> Sterol Methyltransferase ( <i>ERG6</i> ) Gene: Drug Susceptibility Studies in <i>erg6</i> Mutants (1998)

The rise in the frequency of fungal infections and the increased resistance noted to the widely employed azole antifungals make the development of new antifungals imperative for human health. The sterol biosynthetic pathway has been exploited for the development of several antifungal agents (allylamines, morpholines, azoles), but additional potential sites for antifungal agent development are yet to be fully investigated. The sterol methyltransferase gene (ERG6) catalyzes a biosynthetic step not found in humans and has been shown to result in several compromised phenotypes, most notably markedly increased permeability, when disrupted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Candida albicans ERG6 gene was isolated by complementation of a S. cerevisiae erg6 mutant by using a C. albicans genomic library. Sequencing of the Candida ERG6 gene revealed high homology with the Saccharomyces version of ERG6. The first copy of the Candida ERG6 gene was disrupted by transforming with the URA3 blaster system, and the second copy was disrupted by both URA3 blaster transformation and mitotic recombination. The resulting erg6 strains were shown to be hypersusceptible to a number of sterol synthesis and metabolic inhibitors, including terbinafine, tridemorph, fenpropiomorph, fluphenazine, cycloheximide, cerulenin, and brefeldin A. No increase in susceptibility to azoles was noted. Inhibitors of the ERG6 gene product would make the cell increasingly susceptible to antifungal agents as well as to new agents which normally would be excluded and would allow for clinical treatment at lower dosages. In addition, the availability of ERG6 would allow for its use as a screen for new antifungals targeted specifically to the sterol methyltransferase.
Fast Sparse Superposition Codes have Exponentially Small Error Probability for R < C (2012)

For the additive white Gaussian noise channel with average codeword power constraint, sparse superposition codes are developed. These codes are based on the statistical high-dimensional regression framework. The paper [IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 55 (2012), 2541 - 2557] investigated decoding using the optimal maximum-likelihood decoding scheme. Here a fast decoding algorithm, called adaptive successive decoder, is developed. For any rate R less than the capacity C communication is shown to be reliable with exponentially small error probability.
The Removal of Barium Ion from Solution using Datura innoxia Mill. Suspension Culture Cells (1990)

Abstract Plant suspension culture cells derived from Datura innoxia (Mill.) anthers rapidly remove Ba 2+ from solution. Free Ba 2+ is removed as a result of a strong interaction with a component of the cell wall. Binding to this component occurs over a wide range of pH and salt concentrations and does not require active metabolism. Cells will remove Ba 2+ from nutrient media or from waste solutions that cannot support cell growth. Implications for the use of plant cell suspension cultures to remove this and other toxic ions from industrial effluent are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Hematoporphyrin and Protoporphyrin; a Conceptually New Approach (2013)

Abstract Review: 13 refs.
Distributed-feedback vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with resonant-periodic-gain active region (1992)

Fabrication and lasing characteristics of prototype MOCVD-grown GaAs/AlGaAs/AlAs distributed-feedback resonant-periodic-gain surface-emitting lasers are reported. The new structure eliminates the need for end reflectors in earlier resonant-periodic-gain lasers, thereby reducing considerably the total thickness of the device. A new hybrid distributed-Bragg-reflector/distributed-feedback resonant-periodic-gain structure, compatible with the transverse-junction electrical pumping scheme, is also proposed.
Overview of scientific issues involved in selection of polymers for PV applications (2011)

Encapsulant materials used in photovoltaic (PV) modules serve multiple purposes. They physically hold components in place, provide electrical insulation, reduce moisture ingress, optically couple superstrate materials (e.g., glass) to PV cells, protect components from mechanical stress by mechanically decoupling components via strain relief, and protect materials from corrosion. To do this, encapsulants must adhere well to all surfaces, remain compliant, and transmit light after exposure to temperature, humidity, and UV radiation histories. Here, a brief review of some of the polymeric materials under consideration for PV applications is provided, with an explanation of some of their advantages and disadvantages.
Behavioral modeling and predistortion of nonlinear power amplifiers based on adaptive filtering techniques (2014)

In this paper, the use of some of the most popular adaptive filtering algorithms for the purpose of linearizing power amplifiers by the well-known digital predistortion (DPD) technique is investigated. First, an introduction to the problem of power amplifier linearization is given, followed by a discussion of the model used for this purpose. Next, a variety of adaptive algorithms are used to construct the digital predistorter function for a highly nonlinear power amplifier and their performance is comparatively analyzed. Based on the simulations presented in this paper, conclusions regarding the choice of algorithm are derived.
Sequence of the Immunodominant Epitope for the Surface Protein on Sporozoites of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> (1985)

Plasmodium vivax is one of the four malaria parasites that cause disease in humans. The structure of the immunodominant repeating peptide of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of P. vivax was determined. A fragment of P. vivax DNA that encodes this tandemly repeating epitope was isolated by use of an oligonucleotide probe whose sequence is thought to be conserved in CS protein genes. DNA sequence analysis of the P. vivax clone indicates that the CS repeat is nine amino acids in length (Gly-Asp-Arg-Ala-Asp-Gly-Gln-Pro-Ala). The structure of the repeating region was confirmed with synthetic peptides and monoclonal antibodies directed against P. vivax sporozoites. This information should allow synthesis of a vaccine for P. vivax that is similar to the one being tested for P. falciparum.
Dynamic rejection of multiple co-site interferers through wideband RF photonic notch filter (2008)

Antennas in congested RF environments are susceptible to co-site interference. Interfering signals are usually stronger than the signal of interest by several orders of magnitude, and offset in frequency but within the bandwidth of the antenna. We present an optical technique to mitigate interfering signals by generating nulls at specific frequencies using a dual-output Mach-Zehnder modulator, optical delay, and balanced detectors. We demonstrate the nulling of interfering signals by over 40 dB without attenuating the signal of interest.
On improving serviceability with quantified dynamic spectrum access (2014)

Dynamic spectrum access is being investigated to meet the ever-increasing demand for wireless spectrum. We introduce a quantified dynamic spectrum access (QDSA) model for efficient sharing of spectrum among multiple heterogeneous networks. The QDSA paradigm enables us to define and enforce quantified spectrum-access footprints for the cochannel transceivers. By controlling the spectrum consumption by each of the individual transmitters and receivers, efficient spectrum sharing can be accomplished. In order to improve serviceability, we investigate the impact of the design choices for a spectrum access mechanism (SAM). The experiments demonstrate the significance of the active role by the incumbents, the impact of the granularity of spectrum access, and the need for transceiver standards for accomplishing efficient usage of the spectrum.