gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmented Ultralight Pre-Aligned Rotor for Extreme-Scale Wind Turbines (2012)

To alleviate the mass-scaling issues associated with conventional upwind rotors of extreme-scale turbines, a downwind rotor concept is proposed which employs fixed blade curvature based on force alignment at rated conditions. For a given peak stress constraint, the reduction in downwind cantilever loads allows reduced shell and spar thickness, and thus a reduced blade mass as compared with a conventional upwind rotor, especially as rotor sizes approach extreme-scales. To quantify this mass reduction, a Finite Element Analysis was conducted for a 10 MW rated rotor based on the NREL offshore 5 MW baseline wind turbine. The results show that this 'pre-alignment' yields a net downstream deflection of 32 deg, a downward hub-pitch angle of 6 deg, a 20% increase in blade length (to maintain the same radius as the conventional blade), and a net mass savings of about 50% through decreased shell and spar thicknesses. The pre-alignment may also allow a more straightforward and efficient segmentation of the blade since shear stresses near joints are substantially reduced. Segmenting, in turn, can dramatically reduce costs associated with fabrication, transport and assembly for extreme-scale off-shore systems. The pre-aligned geometric curvature can also help alleviate tower wake effects on the blades since blademore » tips (where shadow effects can be most problematic) are shifted downstream where the tower wake is weaker. In addition, the portion of the tower that is upstream of the blade tips can be faired with an externally-rotating aerodynamic shroud. Furthermore, the downwind rotor can allow a floating off-shore tri-pod platform to reduce tower weight and yaw-control requirements. A simple economic analysis of the segmented ultralight pre-aligned rotor (SUPAR) concept suggests that the overall system cost savings can be as much as 25%, indicating that more detailed (numerical and experimental) investigations are warranted.« less
The Role of Pulmonary Collectin N-terminal Domains in Surfactant Structure, Function, and Homeostasis in Vivo (2002)

The N-terminal domains of the lung collectins, surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D), are critical for surfactant phospholipid interactions and surfactant homeostasis, respectively. To further assess the importance of lung collectin N-terminal domains in surfactant structure and function, a chimeric SP-D/SP-A (D/A) gene was constructed by substituting nucleotides encoding amino acids Asn(1)-Ala(7) of rat SP-A with the corresponding N-terminal sequences from rat SP-D, Ala(1)-Asn(25). Recombinant D/A migrated as a 35-kDa band on reducing SDS-PAGE and as a ladder of disulfide-linked multimers under nonreducing conditions. The recombinant D/A bound and aggregated phosphatidylcholine containing vesicles as effectively as rat SP-A. Mice in which endogenous pulmonary collectins were replaced with D/A were developed by human SP-C promoter-driven overexpression of the D/A gene in SP-A(-/-) and SP-D(-/-) animals. Analysis of lavage fluid from SP-A(-/-,D/A) mice revealed that glycosylated, oligomeric D/A was secreted into the air spaces at levels that were comparable with the authentic collectins and that the N-terminal interchange converted SP-A from a "bouquet" to a cruciform configuration. Transmission electron microscopy of surfactant from the SP-A(-/-,D/A) mice revealed atypical tubular myelin containing central "target-like" electron density. Surfactant isolated from SP-A(-/-,D/A) mice exhibited elevated surface tension both in the presence and absence of plasma inhibitors, but whole lung compliance of the SP-A(-/-,D/A) animals was not different from the SP-A(-/-) littermates. Lung-specific overexpression of D/A in the SPD(-/-) mouse resulted in hetero-oligomer formation with mouse SP-A and did not correct the air space dilation or phospholipidosis that occurs in the absence of SP-D. These studies indicate that the N terminus of SP-D 1) can functionally replace the N terminus of SP-A for lipid aggregation and tubular myelin formation, but not for surface tension lowering properties of SP-A, and 2) is not sufficient to reverse the structural and metabolic pulmonary defects in the SP-D(-/-) mouse.
Mixed-Time Scale Based Adaptive Mode Switching for Dual Mode SWIPT (2019)

In this paper, we implement transmitter-oriented dual mode simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system in which two types (single/multi-tone) of communication mode are adopted to achieve the benefit of each communication mode. Duty-cycling operation is introduced for low-power consuming IoT devices to be self-powered. We propose a mixed-time scale based adaptive mode switching (MS) algorithm, in which a transmitter updates the MS threshold in long-term scale with deep recurrent neural networks (RNN) while deciding communication mode in short-term scale. The proposed algorithm enables the realization of battery-free IoT network.
Superiority of ivermectin 1% cream over metronidazole 0·75% cream in treating inflammatory lesions of rosacea: a randomized, investigator-blinded trial (2014)

Ivermectin 1% cream was significantly superior to MTZ 0·75% cream and achieved high patient satisfaction.
G-Quadruplex Guanosine Gels and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2013)

Solubilization of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in aqueous gel phases formed by reversible, G-quadruplex self-assembly of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) alone or with guanosine (Guo) is described. Unlike other media and methods for aqueous solubilization of SWNTs, the guanosine gels ("G-gels") are found to readily disperse high (>mg/mL) concentrations of individual rather than bundled SWNTs. SWNT dispersions in GMP alone precipitate in several hours and re-form upon shaking; however, dispersions in the binary GMP/Guo gels are indefinitely stable. Increasing GMP or KCl concentration in the binary gels increased the relative abundance of large diameter and semi-conducting SWNTs. Different gel compositions also displayed different selectivities toward SWNTs of different chiralities. These results indicate a strong connection between the self-assembled G-gels and the dimensions and structures of the SWNTs that they solubilize.
Accelerometer with coplanar push–pull force transducers (1991)

First Page
Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Microstructure of the Functional Layers on the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells (Adv. Mater. 20/2017) (2017)

Pinhole-free, dense perovskite films with large grains, which can be achieved by control of the nucleation and crystal growth, are essential for high-performance perovskite solar cells. These perovskite-solar-cell systems are discussed by Fuzhi Huang, Yi-Bing Cheng, and co-workers in article number 1601715.
InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattices for mid-wave infrared detectors (2016)

Investigation of growth and properties of InGaAs/InAsSb strained layer superlattices, identified as ternary strained layer superlattices (ternary SLSs), is reported. The material space for the antimony-based SLS detector development is expanded beyond InAs/InAsSb and InAs/(In)GaSb by incorporating Ga into InAs. It was found that this not only provides support for strain compensation but also enhances the infrared (IR) absorption properties. A unique InGaAs/InAsSb SLS exists when the conduction band of InGaAs aligns with that of InAsSb. The bandgap of this specific InGaAs/InAsSb SLS can then be tuned by adjusting the thickness of both constituents. Due to the enhanced electron-hole wavefunction overlap, a significant increase in the absorption coefficient was theoretically predicted for ternary SLS as compared to current state-of-the-art InAs/InAsSb SLS structures, and an approximately 30%–35% increase in the absorption coefficient was experimentally observed. All the samples examined in this work were designed to have the same bandgap of approximately 0.240 eV (5.6 μm) at 150 K.
A polarization change monitor by eigenvalue analysis in coherent receiver (2019)

A method is proposed to monitor polarization change of optical link. Several-hundred-krad/s polarization change was monitored within errors less than 20 and 50 krad/s in back-to-back and transmission experiments, respectively.
Demand side frequency regulation from commercial building HVAC systems: An experimental study (2015)

Demand side resources can be valuable for providing inexpensive ancillary services to the power grid. This paper present an experimental demonstration of providing frequency regulation from a commercial building Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. The experiments were conducted in Pugh Hall, a 40,000 sq. ft. commercial building located at the University of Florida. In this paper, we describe the steps required to make this possible, including control architecture, system identification, and control design. The field experiments demonstrate: 1. satisfactory frequency regulation service can be provided by the HVAC system without noticeable effect on the indoor climate, and 2. the ancillary services provided by this system passes the qualification criteria for participating in PJM Interconnection's frequency regulation market.
Design and Test of a Selective Noncatalytic Reduction (SNCR) System for Full-Scale Refinery CO Boilers To Achieve High NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>Removal (2010)

Selective noncatalytic reduction technology (SNCR) is an effective and economical method of reducing NOx emissions from a wide range of industrial combustion systems. It is widely known that the SNCR process is primarily effective in a narrow temperature window, around 900−1000 °C, and that high CO concentrations can both shift the temperature window and limit its effectiveness. While the application of SNCR on a utility boiler is challenging because of a number of factors that can have negative impacts on SNCR NOx reduction performance, the implementation of SNCR technology on an industrial or refinery boiler has unique challenges intrinsic to these boiler designs and fuels fired. This paper describes the design and test of SNCR technology on two refinery CO boilers. The work presented consisted of (1) baseline testing, (2) process analysis, (3) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and (4) optimization testing. A three-dimensional full-scale CFD model was constructed for the boiler and was calibrated using baseline test data to simulate the flow characteristics, temperature profile, and oxygen/combustibles distribution of the boiler. The CFD model was also used to design and optimize a reagent injection system that resulted in fast and effective distribution of the reagent in the flue gas of the boiler. The CFD model, which incorporates a reduced SNCR chemistry model, was further applied to predict NOx reduction efficiency and ammonia slip. After installation and commissioning of the SNCR system, a series of parametric optimization tests were performed on both units. The final performance tests showed that the application of SNCR technology could reduce NOx emissions by at least 50%, with less than 5 ppm of ammonia slip, at a nitrogen stichiometric ratio (NSR) of 1.5. The test results are shown in the paper for a comparison to the model predictions made during the design phase.
Molar Mass Profiling of Synthetic Polymers by Free-Solution Capillary Electrophoresis of DNA−Polymer Conjugates (2001)

The molar mass distribution of a polymer sample is a critical determinant of its material properties and is generally analyzed by gel permeation chromatography or more recently, by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We describe here a novel method for the determination of the degree of polymerization of polydisperse, uncharged, water-soluble polymers (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)), based upon single-monomer resolution of DNA-polymer conjugates by free-solution capillary electrophoresis. This is accomplished by end-on covalent conjugation of a polydisperse, uncharged polymer sample (PEG) to a monodisperse, fluorescently labeled DNA oligomer, followed by electrophoretic analysis. The monodisperse, charged DNA "engine" confers to each conjugate an equal amount of electromotive force, while the varying contour lengths of the uncharged, polydisperse polymers engender different amounts of hydrodynamic drag. The balance of electromotive and hydrodynamic forces enables rapid, high-resolution separation of the DNA-polymer conjugates as a function of the size of the uncharged PEG tail. This provides a profile of the molar mass distribution of the original polymer sample that can be detected by laser-induced fluorescence through excitation of the dye-labeled DNA. We call this method free solution conjugate electrophoresis (FSCE). Theory-based analysis of the resulting electrophoresis data allows precise calculation of the degree of polymerization of the PEG portion of each conjugate molecule. Knowledge of the molecular mass of the uncharged polymer's repeat unit allows for direct calculation of the molar mass averages as well as sample polydispersity index. The results of these analyses are strikingly reminiscent of MALDI-TOF spectra taken of the same PEG samples. PEG samples of 3.4-, 5-, and 20-kDa nominal average molar mass were analyzed by FSCE and MALDI-TOF; the values of the molar mass averages, Mw and Mn, typically agree to within 5%. Measurements and molar mass calculations are performed without any internal standards or calibration. Moreover, when DNA-polymer conjugate analysis is performed in a chip-based electrophoresis system, separation is complete in less than 13 min. FSCE offers an alternative to MALDI-TOF for the characterization of uncharged, water-soluble polymers that can be uniquely conjugated to DNA.
Tunable frequency stabilized diode-laser-pumped Tm, Ho:YLiF_4 laser at room temperature (1993)

A diode-laser-pumped single-frequency thulium holmium yttrium lithium fluoride laser that exhibits a closed-loop stability of a few megahertz and a continuous single-mode tuning range of 800 MHz is described. The laser output power is 25 mW and is tunable over ~8 cm−1 at 25 °C.
Azobenzimidazole Compounds and Polymers for Nonlinear Optics (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzobenzimidazole Compounds and Polymers for Nonlinear OpticsElisa M. Cross, Kenneth M. White, Robert S. Moshrefzadeh, and Cecil V. FrancisCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 7, 2526–2532Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00111a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00111a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Improving Automated Controversy Detection on the Web (2016)

Automatically detecting controversy on the Web is a useful capability for a search engine to help users review web content with a more balanced and critical view. The current state-of-the art approach is to find K-Nearest-Neighbors in Wikipedia to the document query, and to aggregate their controversy scores that are automatically computed from the Wikipedia edit-history features. In this paper, we discover two major weakness in the prior work and propose modifications. First, the generated single query from document to find KNN Wikipages easily becomes ambiguous. Thus, we propose to generate multiple queries from smaller but more topically coherent paragraph of the document. Second, the automatically computed controversy scores of Wikipedia articles that depend on "edit war" features have a drawback that without an edit history, there can be no edit wars. To infer more reliable controversy scores for articles with little edit history, we smooth the original score from the scores of the neighbors with more established edit history. We show that the modified framework is improved by up to 5% for binary controversy classification in a publicly available dataset.
Theory and methods of lightfield photography (2009)

Lightfield photography is based on capturing discrete representations of all light rays in a volume of 3D space. Compared to conventional photography, which captures 2D images, lightfield photography captures 4D data. To multiplex this 4D radiance onto conventional 2D sensors, lightfield photography demands sophisticated optics and imaging technology. The final image rendering is based on creating 2D projections of the 4D radiance. This course presents lightfield analysis in a rigorous mathematical way, which often leads to surprisingly direct solutions. The goal is simplicity. The course emphasizes underlying fundamental ideas. The mathematical foundations are used to develop computational methods for lightfield processing and image rendering, including refocusing and perspective viewing. While emphasizing theoretical understanding, the course also demonstrates practical approaches and engineering solutions for the discussed problems. The course includes a hands-on demonstration of several working lightfield cameras that implement different methods for radiance capture, including the micro-lens approach of Lippmann and the plenoptic camera, the mask- enhanced "heterodyning" camera, the lens-prism camera, multispectral and polarization capture, and the plenoptic 2.0 camera. Various computational techniques for processing captured data are demonstrated, including Ng's Fourier slice algorithm, the heterodyned light-field approach for computational refocusing, rendering, glare reduction, and others.
Performance enhancement of top‐ and bottom‐emitting organic light‐emitting devices using microcavity structures (2004)

Abstract— In order to improve the efficiency of top‐ and bottom‐emitting devices, metallic electrodes have been used to create microcavity effects within the OLED structure. Semi‐transparent Ag is used as the anode in bottom‐emitting microcavity structures, whereas various reflective opaque metallic anodes are used for the top emitters. The cathode used in both configurations is MgAg — thick and opaque in the case of the bottom emitter and thin and semi‐transparent in the case of the top emitter. Modeling and experiments show that for the top‐emitting structures, the device efficiency is roughly proportional to the reflectivity of the anode in the low reflectivity range and increases significantly more than predicted by reflectivity alone in the high‐reflectivity range. An ultrathin CF x or MoO x hole‐injecting layer allows for the use of many metals as anodes and is an important feature of the device structure. With an Ag anode, both the top‐ and bottom‐emitting microcavity devices are about twice as efficient (on axis) as the analogous nonmicrocavity bottom‐emitting device. Microcavity devices employing a C545T‐doped Alq emitter exhibit efficiencies of 21 cd/A at 6.4 V and 20 mA/cm 2 , with operational stability equivalent to conventional bottom‐emitting structures.
Exploring High-Throughput Computing Paradigm for Global Routing (2014)

With aggressive technology scaling, the complexity of the global routing problem is poised to grow rapidly. Solving such a large computational problem demands a high-throughput hardware platform such as modern graphics processing units (GPUs). In this paper, we explore a hybrid GPU-CPU high-throughput computing environment as a scalable alternative to the traditional CPU-based router. We introduce net-level concurrency (NLC), which is a novel parallel model for router algorithms and aims to exploit concurrency at the level of individual nets. To efficiently uncover NLC, we design a scheduler to create groups of nets that can be routed in parallel. At its core, our scheduler employs a novel algorithm to dynamically analyze data dependencies between multiple nets. We believe such an algorithm can lay the foundation for uncovering data-level parallelism in routing, which is a necessary requirement for employing high-throughput hardware. Detailed simulation results show an average of 4× speedup over NTHU-Route 2.0 with negligible loss in solution quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on utilizing GPUs for global routing.
Pulse Characterization and Arbitrary Waveform Generation via Spectral Phase Comb Shaping (2009)

Spectral phase comb shaping is shown to be a powerful concept for phase-only generation and in-situ characterization of arbitrary optical pulse sequences, where the temporal shape of every pulse in the train is controlled independently.
DC link voltage balancing technique for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converter with selective harmonic current mitigation-PWM (2017)

In low frequency modulation techniques, grid-tied cascaded h-bridge (CHB) converter need to meet power quality standards. In addition, the effects of grid voltage harmonics must be considered in modulation technique. Furthermore, the DC link voltages of grid-tied converter need to be regulated. In this paper, a selective harmonic current mitigation-PWM (SHCM-PWM) technique is used to meet the current harmonic limits of power quality standard, when the effects of grid voltage harmonics are considered in the equation set of optimization process. Additionally, a voltage balancing technique based on average power, which flows through each cell, is obtained to regulate the DC link voltages of CHB converter without using DC voltage sensors. By using the proposed voltage balancing technique, the CHB converter also does not need complex DC link voltage controller. As a result, the cost and complexity of grid-tied converter is significantly reduced. To validate the proposed voltage balancing technique with SHCM-PWM modulation technique, simulations and experiments conduct on 7-level grid-tied CHB converter.
Effective Pre-Silicon Verification of Processor Cores by Breaking the\n Bounds of Symbolic Quick Error Detection (2021)

We present a novel approach to pre-silicon verification of processor designs.\nThe purpose of pre-silicon verification is to find logic bugs in a design at an\nearly stage and thus avoid time- and cost-intensive post-silicon debugging. Our\napproach relies on symbolic quick error detection (Symbolic QED, or SQED). SQED\nis targeted at finding logic bugs in a symbolic representation of a design by\ncombining bounded model checking (BMC) with QED tests. QED tests are powerful\nin generating short sequences of instructions (traces) that trigger bugs. We\nextend an existing SQED approach with symbolic starting states. This way, we\nenable the BMC tool to select starting states arbitrarily when generating a\ntrace. To avoid false positives, (e.g., traces starting in unreachable states\nthat may not be-have in accordance with the processor instruction-set\narchitecture), we define constraints to restrict the set of possible starting\nstates. We demonstrate that these constraints, togeth-er with reasonable\nassumptions about the system behavior, allow us to avoid false positives. Using\nour approach, we discovered previously unknown bugs in open-source RISC-V\nprocessor cores that existing methods cannot detect. Moreover, our novel\napproach out-performs existing ones in the detection of bugs having long traces\nand in the detection of hardware Trojans, i.e., unauthorized modifications of a\ndesign.\n