gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speaker identification using usable speech concept (2004)

Most signal processing involves processing a signal without concern for the quality or information content of that signal. In speech processing, speech is processed on a frameby-frame basis, usually only with concern that the frame is either speech or silence. However, knowing how reliable the information is in a frame of speech can be very important and useful. This is where usable speech detection and extraction can play a very important role. The usable speech frames can be defined as frames of speech that contain higher information content compared to unusable frames with reference to a particular application. We have been investigating a speaker identification system to identify usable speech frames and then to determine a method for identifying those frames as usable using a different approach. A 100% accuracy can be achieved in speaker identification by using only the extracted usable speech segments.
Antibodies against the CB10 fragment of type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

Antibodies against intact type II collagen (CII) are a feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but have limited diagnostic value. Here we assess whether either of the two major cyanogen bromide fragments of CII, namely CB10 or CB11, are more sensitive substrates for the detection of antibodies in RA. Cleavage of bovine CII with cyanogen bromide yielded CB10 and CB11; these were purified by column chromatography for use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum antibodies were measured in patients with RA, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), osteoarthritis (OA) and blood donors. Results were compared with those using intact CII. Antibodies against CB10 were found in as many as 88% of 96 patients with long-standing RA, but only 12% of 33 patients with PsA, 6% of 34 patients with OA and 3% of 93 control sera. Lower frequencies for these diseases were obtained on testing for antibodies against CB11: 50%, 6%, 21% and 2%, respectively. The sensitivity of detection in RA of antibodies against CB10 compared with antibodies against intact CII (88% versus 24%) was not at the expense of specificity, which remained high at 94%. The much higher frequency of antibodies against CB10 in RA than in other rheumatic diseases or control sera indicates that CB10 is clearly a more sensitive substrate than the intact collagen molecule and, combined with other assays (rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide [anti-CCP]), might comprise a panel with a highly reliable predictive value. Moreover, our findings should encourage renewed interest in the role of collagen autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of RA.
Effect of joint stiffness on peel strength of diffusion bonded joints between Al–Li 8090 alloy sheet (1992)

AbstractAbstractThe peel behaviour of diffusion bonded joints between Al–Li 8090 alloy sheet depends upon joint geometry, sheet thickness, and the local stiffness of the bonded joint. The local stiffness was increased by bonding 8090 metal matrix composite onto the faces of the joint. At the superplastic forming temperature of 530°C the peel strengths of solid state or liquid phase diffusion bonded joints at peak load were increased from 5–7 N mm−1 to >8 N mm−1. This led to superplastic deformation of the sheet without peel fracture at the bonded joint. After air cooling and aging, the corresponding room temperature peel strengths were 174–252 N mm−1, compared with 30–54 N mm−1 for an unstiffened joint, an increase by a factor of 3·2–8·4. It was concluded that stiffened bonded joints would enable multiple thin sheet structures to be manufactured in Al–Li 8090 alloy via a diffusion bonding/superplastic forming (DB/SPF) technique. A DB/SPF technique for a three sheet structure is described.MST/1687
A systematic methodology to compute the architectural vulnerability factors for a high-performance microprocessor (2004)

Single-event upsets from particle strikes have become a key challenge in microprocessor design. Techniques to deal with these transients faults exist, but come at a cost. Designers clearly require accurate estimates of processor error rates to make appropriate cost/reliability tradeoffs. This paper describes a method for generating these estimates. A key aspect of this analysis is that some single-bit faults (such as those occurring in the branch predictor) do not produce an error in a program's output. We define a structure's architectural vulnerability factor (AVF) as the probability that a fault in that particular structure do not result in an error. A structure's error rate is the product of its raw error rate, as determined by process and circuit technology, and the AVF. Unfortunately, computing AVFs of complex structures, such as the instruction queue, can be quite involved. We identify numerous cases, such as prefetches, dynamically dead code, and wrong-path instructions, in which a fault do not affect, correct execution. We instrument a detailed 1A64 processor simulator to map bit-level microarchitectural state to these cases, generating per-structure AVF estimates. This analysis shows AVFs of 28% and 9% for the instruction queue and execution units, respectively, averaged across dynamic sections of the entire CPU2000 benchmark suite.
Loss of RhoB Expression in Human Lung Cancer Progression (2004)

RhoB loss of expression occurs very frequently in lung carcinogenesis, reinforcing its putative tumor suppressive activity, and raising the value of its potential use in cancer therapy.
Development of UV-Curable Waterbome Polyurethane Dispersion for Soft Feel Application (2007)

The performance of coatings prepared from one-component waterborne polyurethane dispersions is generally inferior to one- or two-component cross-linked films in terms of chemical resistance and mechanical durability, particularly in soft-touch coatings. By incorporation of double bond functionality via reacting polyester acrylates into the backbone of the polymer we can greatly reduce cure time of these films to as little as three minutes (elevated flash off temperature, UV cure). Beyond that, the additional crosslinking effected by UV-cure imparts a new level of chemical and mechanical resistance while maintaining the desired soft feel. More so than solventborne and/or acrylic monomer containing systems, UV-Curable PUDs are environmentally friendly since they are reduced in water.
Toward Understanding WH-Questions: A Statistical Analysis (2001)

Abstract. We describe research centering on the statistical analysis of WHquestions. This work is motivated by the long-term goal of enhancing the performance of information retrieval systems. We identified informational goals associated with users ’ queries posed to an Internet resource, and built a statistical model which infers these informational goals from shallow linguistic features of user queries. This model was build by applying supervised machine learning techniques. The linguistic features were extracted from the queries and from the output of a natural language parser, and the high-level informational goals were identified by professional taggers.
<i>110th Anniversary:</i> Solvent Exchange in the Processing of Biopolymer Aerogels: Current Status and Open Questions (2019)

In the past decade, the uses and applications of aerogels have garnered significant scientific curiosity in the aerogel community. Furthermore, renewed focus on the supercritical CO2 drying methodology of aerogels has expanded the material scope to several biopolymer systems that now offer new avenues for material, property, and application exploration. However, the principal challenge of the aerogel community is to balance the complexity and costs of aerogel processing with the enhanced material properties that the final aerogel presents. In the case of biopolymer aerogel processing by supercritical CO2 drying, an intermediate solvent exchange step is required in most cases as the biopolymers are gelled in water (hydrogels) and the supercritical CO2 drying cannot commence due to the miscibility gap in the water/CO2 system. Very limited information is available on exchanging water in a gel with organic solvents. The aim of this commentary paper is to introduce aerogel researchers to several aspects of the gel shrinkage during aerogel processing and invite the reader to address the open questions related to the basis for solvent selection in aerogel synthesis.
THE RECOVERY OF ETHYL ACETATE BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION (1985)

Ethyl acetate cannot be easily removed from either mixtures with ethanol and water because of the minimum ternary azeotrope or from methyl ethyl ketone because of the proximity of boiling points. Ethyl acetate can be readily recovered from mixtures with these two by using extractive distillation in which the extractive agent is a higher boiling oxygenated, nitrogenous or sulfur-containing organic compound or a mixture of these.
Recent Advances in the Discovery of D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Utility in Schizophrenia (2011)

D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) catalyzes the oxidative metabolism of D-amino acids including D-serine, a full agonist at the allosteric glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor. D-serine was reported to improve negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, symptoms poorly addressed by the standard D2 antagonist therapies. Therefore, inhibition of DAAO has gained substantial interest as an effective way to increase D-serine levels in the brain. During the last several years, a growing number of structurally diverse DAAO inhibitors have been identified with significantly higher inhibitory potency compared to the conventional DAAO inhibitors. Some of these new generation of DAAO inhibitors are being evaluated for their ability to enhance D-serine levels in rodents and efficacy in animal models of schizophrenia. This article highlights the progress that has been made toward the discovery of DAAO inhibitors and recent efforts to exploit their therapeutic utility in schizophrenia.
Two‐temperature stage biphasic CO<sub>2</sub>–H<sub>2</sub>O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass at high solid loadings (2011)

Most biomass pretreatment processes for monosaccharide production are run at low-solid concentration (<10 wt%) and use significant amounts of chemical catalysts. Biphasic CO(2) -H(2) O mixtures could provide a more sustainable pretreatment medium while using high-solid contents. Using a stirred reactor for high solids (40 wt%, biomass water mixture) biphasic CO(2)-H(2) O pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass allowed us to explore the effects of particle size and mixing on mixed hardwood and switchgrass pretreatment. Subsequently, a two-temperature stage pretreatment was introduced. After optimization, a short high-temperature stage at 210°C (16 min for hardwood and 1 min for switchgrass) was followed by a long low-temperature stage at 160°C for 60 min. Glucan to glucose conversion yields of 83% for hardwood and 80% for switchgrass were obtained. Total molar sugar yields of 65% and 55% were obtained for wood and switchgrass, respectively, which consisted of a 10% points improvement over those obtained during our previous study despite a 10-fold increase in particle size. These yields are similar to those obtained with other major pretreatment technologies for wood and within 10% of major technologies for switchgrass despite the absence of chemical catalysts, the use of large particles (0.95 cm) and high solid contents (40 wt%).
Molecular techniques in Whipple’s disease (2001)

Whipple's disease is a systemic infection, caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei, with protean clinical manifestations characterized by fever, weight loss, diarrhea, polyarthritis, skin hyperpigmentation and adenopathy. For a long time, due to the inability to culture the causative organism, diagnosis was based on histologic examination of infected tissues, usually duodenal biopsies, which revealed diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff-positive staining. Now, PCR of various tissues or fluid is emerging as a way to diagnose Whipple's disease. However, the presence of T. whipplei DNA in saliva, gastric juice or duodenal biopsies of healthy individuals has led to questions regarding the specificity of the molecular techniques involved. After a series of failures, stable culture was achieved in 2000. Subsequently, the generation of rabbit polyclonal antibodies has led to the detection of the bacterium in tissues by immunohistology. However, culture and immunohistology are very recent techniques and are not yet widely used. Propagation of the bacterium will lead to extensive molecular knowledge of T. whipplei, which will help in the diagnosis and understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of Whipple's disease.
Quantitative ultrasound assessment of breast tumor response to chemotherapy using a multi-parameter approach (2016)

This study demonstrated for the first time, using new parameters tested on relatively large patient cohort and leave-one-out classifier evaluation, that a hybrid QUS biomarker including MBF, SS, and SAS could, with relatively high sensitivity and specificity, detect the response of LABC tumors to NAC as early as after 4 weeks of therapy. The findings of this study also suggested that incorporating pre-treatment QUS parameters of a tumor improved the classification results. This work demonstrated the potential of QUS and machine learning methods for the early assessment of breast tumor response to NAC and providing personalized medicine with regards to the treatment planning of refractory patients.
Soft Decision Analyzer (2013)

We describe the benefit of using closed-loop measurements for a radio receiver paired with a counterpart transmitter. We show that real-time analysis of the soft decision output of a receiver can provide rich and relevant insight far beyond the traditional hard-decision bit error rate (BER) test statistic. We describe a Soft Decision Analyzer (SDA) implementation for closed-loop measurements on single- or dual- (orthogonal) channel serial data communication links. The analyzer has been used to identify, quantify, and prioritize contributors to implementation loss in live-time during the development of software defined radios. This test technique gains importance as modern receivers are providing soft decision symbol synchronization as radio links are challenged to push more data and more protocol overhead through noisier channels, and software-defined radios (SDRs) use error-correction codes that approach Shannon's theoretical limit of performance.
Characteristics of polysilicon contacted shallow junction diode formed with a stacked-amorphous-silicon film (1993)

A high-performance shallow junction diode formed with a stacked-amorphous-silicon (SAS) film is presented. Since the boundaries of stacked silicon layers and the poly/mono silicon interface act as a diffusion barrier for implanted dopants, the junction depth of SAS emitter contacted diode is about 500 AA shallower than that of the as-deposited polysilicon emitter contacted diode. The fabricated SAS emitter contacted diodes exhibited a very low reverse leakage current (<or=1 nA/cm/sup 2/ at -5 V) and a forward ideality factor m approximately=1.001 over seven decades on a log scale. The reverse I-V characteristics were found to be nearly independent of the reverse voltage from room temperature to 200 degrees C, and it was also found that the leakage current was due almost completely to the diffusion current. The plots of the diode leakage current versus the perimeter to area ratio showed that the periphery-generation current contributed little to the total leakage. The processing temperature for the SAS emitter contacted p/sup +/-n diode can be as low as 600 degrees C.<<ETX>>
XvMotion: unified virtual machine migration over long distance (2014)

Live virtual machine migration allows the movement of a running VM from one physical host to another with negligible disruption in service. This enables many compelling features including zero downtime hardware upgrades, dynamic resource management, and test to production service migration.

Historically, live migration worked only between machines that shared a common local subnet and storage system. As network speed and flexibility has increased and virtualization has become more pervasive, wide area migration is increasingly viable and compelling. Ad-hoc solutions for wide area migration have been built, combining existing mechanisms for memory migration with techniques for sharing storage including network file systems, proprietary storage array replication or software replicated block devices. Unfortunately, these solutions are complex, inflexible, unreliable and perform poorly compared to local migration, thus are rarely deployed.

We have built and deployed a live migration system called XvMotion that overcomes these limitations. Xv-Motion integrates support for memory and storage migration over the local and wide area. It is robust to the variable storage and network performance encountered when migrating long distances across heterogeneous systems, while yielding reliability, migration times and downtimes similar to local migration. Our system has been in active use by customers for over a year within metro area networks.
2-GHz band cryogenically-cooled GaN HEMT amplifier for mobile base station receivers (2007)

This paper presents a 2-GHz band gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) amplifier cryogenically cooled to 60 K as a part of the cryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE) for mobile base station receivers. The GaN HEMT amplifier attains the output power of 3 W and the maximum power added efficiency of 62% with a 50 V drain bias for class-AB operation. The results reported herein are the first on the performance of a cryogenically cooled GaN HEMT amplifier aiming at use in a 2-GHz band CRFE.
Synthesis and Characterization of Monolithic Carbon Aerogel Nanocomposites Containing Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

We report the synthesis and characterization for the first examples of monolithic low-density carbon aerogel (CA) nanocomposites containing double-walled carbon nanotubes. The CA nancomposites were prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde in an aqueous surfactant-stabilized suspension of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs). The composite hydrogels were then dried with supercritical CO 2 and subsequently carbonized under an inert atmosphere to yield monolithic CA structures containing uniform dispersions of DWNTs. The microstructures and electrical conductivities of these CA nanocomposites were evaluated for different DWNT loadings. These materials exhibited high BET surface areas (>500 m (2)/g) and enhanced electrical conductivities relative to pristine CAs. The details of these results are discussed in comparison with theory and literature.
Antineoplastic agents. 206. Structure of the cytostatic macrocyclic lactone combretastatin D-2 (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntineoplastic agents. 206. Structure of the cytostatic macrocyclic lactone combretastatin D-2Sheo Bux Singh and George R. PettitCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2797–2800Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00296a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hepatic and splenic stiffness augmentation assessed with MR elastography in an in vivo porcine portal hypertension model (2013)

The observed stiffness-pressure relationship of the liver and spleen could provide a promising noninvasive method for assessing portal pressure. Using MRE to study the tissue mechanics associated with portal pressure may provide new insights into the natural history and pathophysiology of hepatic diseases and may have significant diagnostic value in the future.
Large-scale photonic integrated circuits (2005)

100-Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) transmitter and receiver photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are demonstrated. The transmitter is realized through the integration of over 50 discrete functions onto a single monolithic InP chip. The resultant DWDM PICs are capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving ten wavelengths at 10 Gb/s on a DWDM wavelength grid. Optical system performance results across a representative DWDM long-haul link are presented for a next-generation optical transport system using these large-scale PICs. The large-scale PIC enables significant reductions in cost, packaging complexity, size, fiber coupling, and power consumption.
Microencapsulation of Crystalline Insulin or Islets of Langerhans: An Insulin Diffusion Study (1983)

Microcapsules containing insulin crystals or islets of Langerhans were made by extruding a mixture of insulin crystals or islets and sodium alginate into a calcium chloride solution, and then coating it with poly-l-lysine. When these microcapsules were incubated at 37 degrees C, insulin could be detected readily in the medium, indicating that the microcapsular membrane is permeable to insulin. The efficiency of insulin encapsulation with crystalline insulin declined as the concentration in the sodium alginate mixture increased. Over 90% of the entrapped insulin was released after 3 days of incubation at 37 degrees C, indicating that the rate of insulin release from the microcapsules requires modification if the microcapsules are to be used as a long-term insulin delivery system. The amount of insulin secreted by the encapsulated islets was not significantly different from that of unencapsulated islets, suggesting the islets were not affected by the modified encapsulation process.
Nanoporous Single‐Layer Graphene Membranes for Gas Separation (2022)

Graphene while being only one atom thick, is an ideal choice as a selective layer for gas-separation membranes. There have been several progresses on mechanistic understanding of gas transport from graphene nanopores, material chemistry routes toward incorporating gas-selective nanopores in graphene, and developing scalable fabrication techniques to facilitate practical implementation. We discuss these by focusing on (i) factors that influence the gas transport across the nanopore, (ii) methods for the incorporation of gas-sieving nanopores, and (iii) efforts on scaling up the production of high-quality single-layer graphene membranes.