gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrophoretic Deposition of Polyimides (1989)

A method has been developed for applying polyimide films by cathodic electrophoretic deposition. This conformal method of coating metal substrates occurs from aqueous emulsions of the polymer dissolved in organic solvents. The chemistry of the process, involving an amine modification of soluble, pre-imidized polyimides, is characterized by infra-red spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and size exclusion chromatography. It is shown that the modification is eliminated during baking to regenerate the unmodified polyimide. Molecular weight of the polymer is little affected. The important parameters affecting film thickness are also investigated. It is found that the emulsions are well behaved electrocoating systems, i.e. a limiting thickness is reached after a few minutes at a given deposition voltage. The limiting thickness is found to depend linearly on voltage. Finally, the deposition characteristics are compared to that of the previously published anodic deposition of polyamic acid films.
Chromosomal Location and Structural Organization of the Human Deoxycytidylate Deaminase Gene (1995)

Deoxycytidylate deaminase is an allosteric enzyme whose impairment can lead to deoxynucleotide imbalances that affect the fidelity of DNA synthesis. A DNA fragment encompassing the gene for deoxycytidylate deaminase has been isolated from a human lung fibroblast genomic library and sequenced in both directions through 26,764 base pairs. The previously isolated cDNA, which was used to establish the amino acid sequence for this enzyme (Weiner, K.X.B., Weiner, R.S., Maley, F., and Maley, G.F. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 12983-12989) was instrumental in isolating this gene. The gene consists of five exons of about 100 base pairs each, separated by four introns. The most striking feature of the genomic structure is that the second and third exons are separated by an intron of about 20 kilobases. The chromosomal location of the deaminase gene was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization as 4q35, which is the extreme end of this chromosome. The position of this gene on chromosome 4, in addition to the role of its product in limiting potentially detrimental mutations, suggests that the normal operation of both the gene and its product is important to the well being of the organism.
One-step facile synthesis of fluorescent gold nanoclusters for rapid bio-imaging of cancer cells and small animals (2015)

Fluorescent bio-imaging has become a major topic of the modern biomedical research field.
Cell Capacitor Voltage Switching-Cycle Balancing Control for Modular Multilevel Converters (2021)

Modular multilevel converters (MMC) with the conventional control are subjected to large capacitor voltage ripples, especially at low-line frequencies. The existing attenuation approaches, such as the second-order or high-frequency harmonic injections, are designed based on average models limiting the achievable performance. This letter aims to greatly increase the control time resolution, investigating the possibility to form the control in the timescale of a switching cycle. The circulating current is allowed to have multiple changes in one switching period. This critical alternation equips the MMC with the capability to achieve voltage balancing in a single switching cycle, shifting the MMC from a long-deemed “line-cycle balancing” converter to a “switching-cycle balancing” converter. The proposed approach is experimentally verified under dc–dc operation, which is the most challenging scenario for conventional controls. Test results under 6 kV dc-link voltage are provided performed with the custom-built 10-kV SiC <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mosfet</small> -based MMC prototype.
Improvement of UO2 Pellet Properties by Controlling the Powder Morphology of Recycled U3O8 Powder (2008)

Powder morphology evolution of recycled U3O8 according to the thermal treatments has been studied. The defective UO2 pellets are oxidized to U3O8 powders at a conventional temperature of 350 or 450°C in air. Those powders are pressed into green pellets and then sintered at 1,500 and 1,730°C in H2 gas flow. Final reoxidized U3O8 powers are obtained by reoxidizing those sintered pellets at 450°C in air. This paper shows that the reoxidized U3O8 powder morphology and the BET surface areas are greatly dependent on the density of sintered UO2 pellets before reoxidation. Reoxidized U3O8 powders are added to virgin UO2 powders to fabricate UO2 pellets and the effect of such addition on the UO2 pellet properties is investigated. The reoxidized U3O8 powders having a certain range of BET surface area significantly promote the grain growth of UO2 pellets.
Early diabetic retinopathy diagnosis based on local retinal blood vessel analysis in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images (2018)

Purpose This paper introduces a new computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detecting early‐stage diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. Methods The proposed DR‐CAD system is based on the analysis of new local features that describe both the appearance and retinal structure in OCTA images. It starts with a new segmentation approach that has the ability to extract the blood vessels from superficial and deep retinal OCTA maps. The high capability of our segmentation approach stems from using a joint Markov–Gibbs random field stochastic model integrating a 3D spatial statistical model with a first‐order appearance model of the blood vessels. Following the segmentation step, three new local features are estimated from the segmented vessels and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ): (a) vessels density, (b) blood vessel calibre, and (c) width of the FAZ. To distinguish mild DR patients from normal cases, the estimated three features are used to train and test a support vector machine (SVM) classifier with the radial basis function (RBF) kernel. Results On a cohort of 105 subjects, the presented DR‐CAD system demonstrated an overall accuracy (ACC) of 94.3%, a sensitivity of 97.9%, a specificity of 87.0%, the area under the curve (AUC) of 92.4%, and a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 95.8%. This in turn demonstrates the promise of the proposed CAD system as a supplemental tool for early detection of DR. Conclusion We developed a new DR‐CAD system that is capable of diagnosing DR in its early stage. The proposed system is based on extracting three different features from the segmented OCTA images, which reflect the changes in the retinal vasculature network.
GaSb-based optically pumped semiconductor disk lasers emitting in the 2.0-2.8 Âµm wavelength range (2010)

In recent years, optically pumped semiconductor disk lasers (OPSDLs) have attracted increasing interest due to their capability of delivering simultaneously high output power and excellent beam quality. Here we report on group-III-Sbbased OPSDLs allowing to cover the wavelength range around and above 2 μm. First the current state-of-the-art and recent progress for OPSDLs emitting in the 2.0-to-2.3 μm spectral range is presented, which includes power scaling through the use of multiple gain elements and as well as spectral tuning and line width narrowing, exploiting in both cases the versatility of the external cavity concept. Then, results on III-Sb-based OPSDLs emitting at 2.8 μm with a cw output power of up to 0.12 W and a peak output power in pulsed mode of >0.5 W, both data referring to roomtemperature operation, are presented. In both cases, the active region of the OPSDL chip consists of compressively strained GaInAsSb quantum well (QW) layers embedded between AlGaAsSb barrier and pump-light-absorbing layers. The emission wavelength is controlled by adjusting the composition of the quaternary QW material. The active region is grown on top of an epitaxial GaSb/AlAsSb Bragg mirror. For efficient heat extraction, SiC intra-cavity heat spreaders were bonded to the surface of the cleaved laser chips. An N-shaped resonator with one OPSDL chip acting as an end mirror and the second OPSDL chip as a folding mirror was used for power scaling, while a V-shaped resonator configuration with a birefringent tuner inserted into the collimated beam path of the resonator was employed for wavelength tuning. Optical pumping was achieved by standard fiber-coupled diode laser modules emitting at 980 nm.
Phosphatase-stable peptidomimetic prodrug inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (2008)

1306 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) transmits signals from IL-6 family cytokines, EGF, Src, etc., is constitutively activated in head and neck, breast, prostate, and other cancers, and is a target for cancer drug design. To develop small molecule inhibitors of Stat3, we have targeted the Stat3 SH2 domain with phosphopeptide-based inhibitors. Molecular modeling of a lead peptide, Ac-pTyr-Leu-Pro-Gln-NHBn, docked to the Stat3 SH2 domain [1] suggested additional modifications that would enhance binding affinity between the inhibitor and the protein. A series of peptidomimetics incorporating these modifications showed 2- to 3-fold increases in binding affinity with IC50 values ranging from 35 - 120 nM in fluorescence polarization assays. Several of these inhibitors were converted to phosphatase-stable, cell-permeable prodrugs by replacing the phosphate with the phosphonodifluoromethyl group and capping the phosphonate with pivaloyloxymethyl (POM) groups. One such compound, PM-252F, when added to MDA MB-468 and BT-20 breast cancer cells completely inhibited constitutive Stat3 phosphorylation at 100 nM and inhibited cell growth with an IC50 of 1-2 μM. PM-252F also inhibited proliferation of primary CLL cells by inducing apoptosis. Thus, we have successfully converted our lead phosphopeptide to a phosphatase-stable and cell-permeable small molecule inhibitor of Stat3.  [1] Biopolymers, 2007, in press
Performance of Battery-Assisted Energy Harvesting DF Relay over Nakagami-m Channels (2019)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the time-switching relaying (TSR) protocol in a two-hop communication link between a multiple antenna source and a multiple antenna destination through a battery assisted energy harvesting (EH) single antenna decode-and-forward relay. We assume a framework in which the EH relay augments the wireless energy harvested with energy drawn from the battery. Assuming Nakagami-m fading channels, the throughput and outage performance are analyzed. We show that how the battery energy and TSR parameter can be optimized. It is shown that when m is large, battery energy consumption is lower. The system diversity is unaffected by energy harvesting at the relay. These results are important for system designers. The derived analytical results are validated by computer simulations.
Outperforming LRU with an adaptive replacement cache algorithm (2004)

The self-tuning, low-overhead, scan-resistant adaptive replacement cache algorithm outperforms the least-recently-used algorithm by dynamically responding to changing access patterns and continually balancing between workload recency and frequency features. Caching, a fundamental metaphor in modern computing, finds wide application in storage systems, databases, Web servers, middleware, processors, file systems, disk drives, redundant array of independent disks controllers, operating systems, and other applications such as data compression and list updating. In a two-level memory hierarchy, a cache performs faster than auxiliary storage, but it is more expensive. Cost concerns thus usually limit cache size to a fraction of the auxiliary memory's size.
Identification of genital tract markers in the human seminal plasma using an integrative genomics approach (2012)

This work was supported by the Proteomics Core Facility at Biogenouest and was funded by Conseil Régional de Bretagne, IBiSA and Agence de la Biomédecine grants. The authors declare that there exists a competing financial interest in this work that is related to a patent application on the use of identified germ cell-specific proteins in an antibody-based assay (Fertichip™) to predict the successful testicular biopsy outcomes in human non-obstructive azoospermia.
Development of Pressure Differenciator Using Micro Fabricated Hot Wire Anemometer (2007)

Some pneumatic systems require to measure the differentiated value of pressure with high resolution and high response. In former research, we have developed a pressure differentiator which is constituted of an isothermal chamber, a flow channels which make a laminar flow condition, pressure sensor and a diaphragm type differential pressure gauge. In this research, in order to reduce the number of the sensing elements and improve the resolution of the pressure differentiator while keeping the high dynamic characteristics, new pressure differentiator using micro fabricated hot wire anemometer is proposed and fabricated. Firstly, the principle of the new pressure differenctiator is discussed. Then, principle, fabrication process and characteristics of the micro hot wire anemometer. Finally, the results of performance tests are shown. The results indicate the high performance of the developed sensor.
Statistical estimation of propagation path parameters for ultrasonic aberration correction (2002)

Coefficients of a finite impulse response linear filter model for ultrasonic propagation are found using a statistical estimation. The model employs a Green’s function to describe scattering received by a two-dimensional array from a random-medium volume illuminated by a transmit beam. The frequency response of this Green’s function is factored into a homogeneous-transmission term and a path-dependent aberration term. Relative amplitude and phase of the aberration response are estimated over the frequency band of the transmit–receive system by using scattering from closely situated volumes and assuming that the aberration is the same for each volume. The amplitude and phase are obtained from the power and cross-power spectra of signals at positions throughout the receive aperture. The homogeneous response is estimated by averaging and is removed to isolate the aberration response. Propagation path aberration parameters calculated from pulse-echo measurements of random scattering through a tissue-mimicking aberration phantom are similar to corresponding parameters calculated for the same aberrator and array position by using echoes from a point-like reflector. The results indicate the approach is capable of describing, in addition to time-shifts, changes in waveform amplitude and shape produced by propagation through a distributed aberration.
Method for improving measurement efficiency of lateral shearing interferometry (2017)

The computation time of wavefront reconstruction is decreased by sampling the difference fronts in the present study. The wavefront can be reconstructed with high accuracy up to 64 Zernike terms with only 32×32 sampled pixels. Furthermore, the computational efficiency can be improved by a factor of more than 1000, and the measurement efficiency of lateral shearing interferometry is improved. The influence of the terms used to reconstruct the wavefront, the grid size of the test wavefront, the shear ratio, and the random noise on the reconstruction accuracy is analyzed and compared, when the difference fronts are sampled with different grid sizes. Numerical simulations and experiments show that the relative reconstruction error is <5% if the grid size of the sampled difference fronts is more than four times the radial order of difference Zernike polynomials with a reasonable noise level and shear ratio.
Thymosin α1 Stimulates Endothelial Cell Migration, Angiogenesis, and Wound Healing (1998)

Abstract In wound healing, lymphoid cells release soluble factors that attract fibroblasts and macrophages, initiating repair, endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, and matrix production. We analyzed the effect of thymosin α1 (Tα1) on endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Tα1, a 28 amino acid peptide initially isolated from the thymus, enhanced the morphologic differentiation of endothelial cells and was a potent chemoattractant for endothelial cells and monocytes in vitro. In vivo, Tα1 stimulated angiogenesis in a subcutaneous model. When given either topically or i.p., it accelerated wound healing in a punch model, demonstrating that Tα1 promotes angiogenesis and wound healing.
<title>Design for a low-loss polarization-independent all-fiber optical circulator for bidirectional fiber communications</title> (1993)

We have designed a low-loss Polarization Independent All-Fiber Optical Circulator for use in bi-directional fiber optics communication systems which can effectively double the information carrying capacity of existing fiber optics communications connections. Previous designs based on bulk optics or planar waveguides have had limited utility because of their high losses (often higher than 2.5 dB) compared to a 3 dB directional coupler. While coupling between a bulk optics or a planar waveguide optical circulator and an optical fiber results in a large loss, our design reduces coupling losses by keeping the path of the signal within the fiber throughout the device. Because splice losses between fibers can be as low as 0.2 dB, elimination of large coupling losses give our design low overall losses. We are currently evaluating different implementation of our design.
Mosaicing ultrasonic volumes for visual simulation (2000)

The article addresses the problem of mosaicing a large volume from a set of small volumes acquired from a 3D ultrasound device. The formation of large volumes is necessary for an ultrasound visual simulator. Trainees using the simulator learn how to identify and diagnose a wide range of medical cases by operating a simulated ultrasound device on a mannequin, without any need for actual patients. The principle of the simulator is simple but apparently effective. In an offline preprocess, a volume buffer is generated from real ultrasound images. Slicing the volume buffer online then generates simulated images. Such images can be generated rapidly, including postprocessing enhancements, and can produce in most cases images indistinguishable from the real ultrasound images. The ultrasonic volume buffer has to be big enough and represent a large portion of the mannequin to permit the bound-free practice of a real-life diagnosis. Contemporary ultrasound devices don't provide the capability of obtaining the entire volume in a single acquisition. This implies that the volume buffer must be reconstructed from several subvolumes obtained from different viewpoints. The registration of monomodal data sets has been extensively investigated in medical applications where atlas data is used. The basic technique of a mosaicing operation aligns and registers two given volumes with a significant overlap into a single volume that smoothly combines the information from both. The type of registration technique that can be appropriately applied directly depends on the type of variation between the two volumes. Thus, designing a registration method requires knowing the type of variation exhibited by ultrasonic volumes.
Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Sex Expression in an Inter-subspecific Watermelon Population (2013)

Sex expression is an important trait in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ), in which monoecious, andromonoecious, and trimonoecious forms are present. The andromonoecious trait is highly undesirable in watermelon breeding programs because it would require emasculation during hybrid development. In contrast to other cucurbits such as melon ( Cucumis melo ) and cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) in which the genes involved in sex expression are well described and have been cloned, only the inheritance of the a gene associated with the andromonoecious trait has been described in watermelon. We used an intersubspecific C. lanatus var. lanatus × C. lanatus var. citroides F 2 population to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with percent male (%M), percent female (%F), percent hermaphrodite (%HM), and percent female of pistillate [%F/P (female + hermaphrodite)] flowers. Four chromosomal regions were identified that were associated with sex expression in watermelon. Major QTL for %F, %HM, and %F/P were colocalized on linkage group 11A and explained 31.3% to 37.7% of the phenotypic variation observed for the three traits. These QTL are suggested to be the location of the a gene in watermelon. Markers linked to two of the four QTL identified were located within 1 Mb of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) gene on the watermelon draft genome. ACS genes play a key role in sex expression in melon and cucumber and these genes are therefore candidate genes for further studies to elucidate this trait in another economically important cucurbit crop. The QTL and candidate genes identified in the present study lay the foundation for marker-assisted selection for sex expression traits in watermelon.
A general framework for sports video summarization with its application to soccer (2003)

We propose a general framework for indexing and summarizing sports broadcast programs and its specific application to soccer. The framework is based on a high-level model of sports broadcast video using the concept of an event, defined according to domain-specific knowledge for different types of sports. Thus it covers most sports including those that have the action-and-stop pattern (e.g., baseball) and those containing continuous actions (e.g., soccer). In particular, within this general framework, using soccer as an example, we propose a novel approach to automatic event detection, which is based on automatic analysis of the visual and aural signals in the media. An MPEG-7 compliant prototype browsing system has been implemented to demonstrate the results.
Fabrication of semi-transparent perovskite films with centimeter-scale superior uniformity by the hybrid deposition method (2014)

We report the development of instrumentation and methodology for fabricating large area semi-transparent organo-lead-halide perovskite films. In our method, the growth of perovskite films relies on the control of CH 3 NH 3 I flow and vapor pressure inside a vacuum chamber.
Ultrasound as a tool for assessment of bone quality in the horse (1985)

A simple non-invasive method is described for calculating the transverse apparent velocity of sound of horse bone. This was achieved, both in vivo and at post mortem examination using the metacarpal bone and its covering soft tissue. On 34 post mortem specimens (ie, 68 limbs) from horses older than one year an average measurement of 2802 +/- 37 (1sd) m/sec was obtained. There were changes noted according to age and at different sites on the shaft of the metacarpus. The highest readings were obtained in the proximal shaft where the cortex was thickest. The velocity values gradually decreased towards the distal end where the cortex was thinner, particularly in animals less than 12 months old. The soft tissue component of the velocity measurement was uniform throughout the length of the metacarpus and effectively decreased the apparent velocity of the bone alone by about 170 m/sec (6 per cent). The shortest flight path of the ultrasound beam was found to be through the midcortical region of the metacarpal shaft. A good correlation was obtained between velocity of sound measurements and bone mass. Furthermore partial demineralisation of specimens from the mid-metacarpal region caused a considerable reduction in the apparent velocity of sound. In a series of young thoroughbreds (n = 52) measured in vivo the apparent velocity of sound increased from around 2650 m/sec at six months to approximately 2880 m/sec at three years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)