gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Low Switching Loss Triple-Gate controlled IGBT (2021)

A triple-gate 1.2-kV Si-insulated-gate bipolar transistor (TG-IGBT) is proposed in order to drastically improve both turn-on loss (Eon) and turn-off loss (Eoff) by using a novel gate drive control technique. In this work, we fabricated a 1.2-kV TG-IGBT that achieved 50% and 28% Eon and Eoff reduction, respectively, compared with a conventional single-gate IGBT. This result indicates that it is possible to overcome the limitations of Si by optimizing the device structure and gate drive control.
The Podospora anserina lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase PaLPMO9H catalyzes oxidative cleavage of diverse plant cell wall matrix glycans (2017)

The ability of <i>Pa</i>LPMO9H to target polysaccharides, differing from cellulose by their linkages, glycosidic composition and/or presence of sidechains, could be advantageous for this coprophilous fungus when catabolizing highly variable polysaccharides and for the development of optimized enzyme cocktails in biorefineries.
Enterprise Modeling and Simulation: Complex Dynamic Behavior of a Simple Model of Manufacturing (1994)

Simulating a structurally simple model of a manufacturing enterprise revealed complex dynamic behavior. Enterprise modeling and simulation provided estimates of end-of-life inventory and order delivery performance based on interactions of forecast quality, quoted product availability, material procurement and safety stock policies, vendor lead times, product life cycle, and part commonality. An unexpected result was that end-of-life inventory can exist even under ideal environmental conditions. Prospective applications of these methods include estimating the effects of incremental improvements, verifying impacts of process changes, and generating enterprise behavior information.
EFFECT OF LONGITUDE-DEPENDENT CLOUD COVERAGE ON EXOPLANET VISIBLE WAVELENGTH REFLECTED-LIGHT PHASE CURVES (2015)

We use a planetary albedo model to investigate variations in visible wavelength phase curves of exoplanets. Thermal and cloud properties for these exoplanets are derived using one-dimensional radiative-convective and cloud simulations. The presence of clouds on these exoplanets significantly alters their planetary albedo spectra. We confirm that non-uniform cloud coverage on the dayside of tidally locked exoplanets will manifest as changes to the magnitude and shift of the phase curve. In this work, we first investigate a test case of our model using a Jupiter-like planet, at temperatures consistent to 2.0 AU insolation from a solar type star, to consider the effect of H[subscript 2]O clouds. We then extend our application of the model to the exoplanet Kepler-7b and consider the effect of varying cloud species, sedimentation efficiency, particle size, and cloud altitude. We show that, depending on the observational filter, the largest possible shift of the phase curve maximum will be ~2°–10° for a Jupiter-like planet, and up to ~30° (~0.08 in fractional orbital phase) for hot-Jupiter exoplanets at visible wavelengths as a function of dayside cloud distribution with a uniformly averaged thermal profile. The models presented in this work can be adapted for a variety of planetary cases at visible wavelengths to include variations in planet–star separation, gravity, metallicity, and source-observer geometry. Finally, we tailor our model for comparison with, and confirmation of, the recent optical phase-curve observations of Kepler-7b with the Kepler space telescope. The average planetary albedo can vary between 0.1 and 0.6 for the 1300 cloud scenarios that were compared to the observations. Many of these cases cannot produce a high enough albedo to match the observations. We observe that smaller particle size and increasing cloud altitude have a strong effect on increasing albedo. In particular, we show that a set of models where Kepler-7b has roughly half of its dayside covered in small-particle clouds high in the atmosphere, made of bright minerals like MgSiO[subscript 3] and Mg[subscript 2]SiO[subscript 4], provide the best fits to the observed offset and magnitude of the phase-curve, whereas Fe clouds are found to be too dark to fit the observations.
Flexible electrophoretic display driven by solution‐processed organic thin‐film transistors (2012)

Abstract— An organic thin‐film‐transistor (OTFT) backplane has been fabricated by using a solution‐processed organic semiconductor (OSC) and organic insulators. The OSC, a peri‐xanthenoxanthene derivative, provides a mobility of 0.5 cm 2 /V‐sec. These organic materials enhance the mechanical flexibility of the backplane. The developed backplane successfully drives a 13.3‐in. flexible UXGA electrophoretic display that can operate when bent at a radius of 5 mm.
A Phage Display-based Method for Determination of Relative Affinities of Mutants (2003)

We propose phage display combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a tool for the systematic analysis of protein-protein interactions by investigating the binding behavior of variants to a partner protein. Via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we determine both the amount of fusion protein presented at the phage surface and the amount of complex formed, the ratio of which is proportional to the affinity. Hence this method enables us to calculate the relative affinities of a large number of mutants. As model systems, we investigated actin-binding motifs conserved in a number of proteins binding monomeric or filamentous actin. The hexapeptide motifs LKKTET, present in thymosin beta4, and LKKEKG, present in the villin headpiece, were mutated, and the variants were analyzed. Study of the positional tolerance allows postulating that the motifs, although similar in primary structures adopt different conformations when bound to actin. In addition, our data show that the second and the fourth amino acid of the thymosin beta4 motif and the first three residues of the villin headpiece motif are most important for actin binding. The latter result challenges the charged crown hypothesis for the villin headpiece filamentous actin interaction.
Phosphorus-Bridging Carbonyl Derivatives: Organophosphorus Analogues of Aldehydes and Ketones (1991)

1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of Phosphorus-Bridging Carbonyl Derivatives 3. Chemical Reactivity of Phosphorus-Bridging Carbonyl Derivatives 3.1. Reduction Reactions 3.2. Acylation Reactions 3.3. Extrusion of the Phosphorus-Bridging Carbonyl Group 4. Conclusion
Spacecraft maneuvers and slosh control (2005)

Slosh is a problem in spacecrafts, which often carry considerable amounts of fuel for trajectory maneuvers and momentum dumping. As fuel is consumed, the tank becomes increasingly empty, and the remaining fuel is excited by the motion of the spacecraft. Since the reaction forces and moments caused by fuel slosh can degrade the pointing accuracy of the system, it is important to predict the effect of slosh on the spacecraft attitude control system. This paper presents the development of Sloshsat (Facility for Liquid Experimentation and Validation in Orbit) FLEVO used to study the dynamics of slosh and its impact on spacecraft attitude control. The primary objective of the Sloshat FLEVO mission is to perform a variety of maneuvers while collecting detailed measurements on the resulting slosh. For validation, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations must result in highly similar behavior. CFD predictions can then serve as a truth model for assessing the performance of simpler models for developing control algorithms.
A GaAsMISFET using an MBE-grown CaF/sub 2/ gate insulator layer (1988)

The CaF/sub 2/ layer and an undoped GaAs channel layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on a semi-insulating GaAs
Direct Fabrication of Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticles and Gold Nanoparticle-Deposited Silica Spheres in Aqueous Media (2009)

Direct coating of silica on naked-gold nanoparticles (AuNP@SiO2) and direct deposition of naked-gold nanoparticles on silica spheres (SiO2@AuNP) were achieved utilizing 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) as in tandem a surface modifier and a silica precursor in an aqueous solution in the absence of any surface pre-treatment of the naked-AuNPs and SiO2 spheres using coupling agents and amphiphiles. The AuNP@SiO2 was prepared with the addition of an ammonia solution prior to a MPTMS aqueous solution into a naked-AuNP dispersion pre-prepared from sonochemical reduction of [AuCl4]− in an aqueous solution. We found that the addition of ammonia prior to MPTMS was critical for proper coating of SiO2 on the naked-AuNPs. Furthermore, the SiO2 shell thickness varied in the range of 40∼170 nm with the content of MPTMS that we applied in this experiment. Base condition (solution pH) was also an important factor for SiO2-coating on the naked-AuNPs. The SiO2@AuNP was formed from sonochemical reduction of [AuCl4]− in a SiO2 sphere dispersion pre-prepared from sol-gel reaction of MPTMS in an aqueous solution.
New plasma shaping technology for optimal high voltage diode performance (2007)

In this paper, a newly developed diode technology platform for 3.3 kV, 4.5 kV and 6.5 kV diodes for next generation high power IGBT modules will be presented. The new diode range offers low losses and soft recovery characteristics combined with a high reverse recovery safe operating area and superior surge current capability. The new diode technology employs a double local lifetime-control method using He++ irradiation to control the on-state electron-hole distribution on both the anode and cathode sides of the diode.
World War and Its Aftermath (2003)

During World War II and in its aftermath, the Export-Import Bank showed itself to be a remarkably flexible and resilient institution. The volume, scope, and complexity of its activity increased rapidly in these years. When war broke out in Europe in 1939, the Bank to that point principally financed the export of surplus agricultural products and aided manufacturers to meet overseas competition. During World War II, the Bank's focus narrowed essentially to dealing with Latin America. But its activities there broadened. It helped Latin American countries to cope with the dislocations in world markets and finance brought about by the conflict. Ex-Im financed – in cooperation at times with other U.S. government agencies – equipment, facilities, and strategic materials for the war effort. The Bank embarked on a program of developmental lending to improve the export capabilities of Latin American countries. In doing so, it reoriented its financing from relatively simple transactions to complex project-type lending that involved literally hundreds or thousands of separate transactions.
LOCI: fast outlier detection using the local correlation integral (2004)

Outlier detection is an integral part of data mining and has attracted much attention recently [M. Breunig et al., (2000)], [W. Jin et al., (2001)], [E. Knorr et al., (2000)]. We propose a new method for evaluating outlierness, which we call the local correlation integral (LOCI). As with the best previous methods, LOCI is highly effective for detecting outliers and groups of outliers (a.k.a. micro-clusters). In addition, it offers the following advantages and novelties: (a) It provides an automatic, data-dictated cutoff to determine whether a point is an outlier-in contrast, previous methods force users to pick cut-offs, without any hints as to what cut-off value is best for a given dataset. (b) It can provide a LOCI plot for each point; this plot summarizes a wealth of information about the data in the vicinity of the point, determining clusters, micro-clusters, their diameters and their inter-cluster distances. None of the existing outlier-detection methods can match this feature, because they output only a single number for each point: its outlierness score, (c) Our LOCI method can be computed as quickly as the best previous methods, (d) Moreover, LOCI leads to a practically linear approximate method, aLOCI (for approximate LOCI), which provides fast highly-accurate outlier detection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use approximate computations to speed up outlier detection. Experiments on synthetic and real world data sets show that LOCI and aLOCI can automatically detect outliers and micro-clusters, without user-required cut-offs, and that they quickly spot both expected and unexpected outliers.
S-CNN-BASED SHIP DETECTION FROM HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES (2016)

Abstract. Reliable ship detection plays an important role in both military and civil fields. However, it makes the task difficult with high-resolution remote sensing images with complex background and various types of ships with different poses, shapes and scales. Related works mostly used gray and shape features to detect ships, which obtain results with poor robustness and efficiency. To detect ships more automatically and robustly, we propose a novel ship detection method based on the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), called SCNN, fed with specifically designed proposals extracted from the ship model combined with an improved saliency detection method. Firstly we creatively propose two ship models, the “V” ship head model and the “||” ship body one, to localize the ship proposals from the line segments extracted from a test image. Next, for offshore ships with relatively small sizes, which cannot be efficiently picked out by the ship models due to the lack of reliable line segments, we propose an improved saliency detection method to find these proposals. Therefore, these two kinds of ship proposals are fed to the trained CNN for robust and efficient detection. Experimental results on a large amount of representative remote sensing images with different kinds of ships with varied poses, shapes and scales demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our proposed S-CNN-Based ship detector.
Synthesis and characterization of soluble and transparent co-polyimides with controlled glass transition temperature (2012)

Two dianhydrides, namely 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and 2,2’-Bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl] propane dianhydride, and one diamine (4,4’-Diaminodiphenyl sulphone), have been used for the synthesis of a novel co-polyimide with good solubility, high visible light transparency and high thermal stability. The solubility in several solvents of polyimides with different proportion of dianhydrides has been tested, and the glass transition temperature is determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The polyimide film has been prepared and the optical transmittance is mensurated. The polyimides solubility and light transmittance improved by introducing flexible monomer, and the glass transition temperature of the polyimides is well controlled by the content of 2,2’-Bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl] propane dianhydride that has the flexible isopropylidene structure.
An rbcL sequence from a Miocene Taxodium (bald cypress). (1992)

During the past decade, ancient DNAs from both animals and plants have been successfully extracted and analyzed. Recently, the age of DNA that can be recovered and sequenced was increased manyfold by the amplification and sequencing of a DNA fragment from a Magnolia fossil obtained from the Miocene Clarkia deposit (17-20 million yr old). However, the validity of this report has been questioned based on models predicting that DNA should be completely degraded after 4 million yr. We report here the successful amplification, sequencing, and analysis of a 1320-base-pair portion of the chloroplast gene rbcL from a Miocene Taxodium specimen, also from the Clarkia site. These data not only validate the earlier report of sequence data for a Magnolia species from the same site but also suggest that it may be possible to isolate and sequence DNAs routinely from the Clarkia deposit. The ability to recover and sequence DNAs of such age offers enormous research possibilities in the areas of molecular evolution, biogeography, and systematics.
Design and implementation of a completely reconfigurable soft radio (2002)

The advances in reconfigurable computing have now made it possible to implement the concept of hardware paging, which has the potential to greatly advance the design of soft radios. While many soft/software radio architectures have been suggested and implemented there remains a lack of a formal design methodology that can be used to design and implement these radios on reconfigurable platforms that exploit the latest inventions. This paper presents a unified architecture, called the layered radio architecture, for design of soft radios on a reconfigurable platform. Using the assumptions of the availability of run-time reconfigurable hardware and the use of stream-based computing, the layered radio architecture defines a soft radio architecture that is scalable in hardware and software, flexible, and capable of supporting multi-mode radios along with over-the-air updates and software validation.
Hydrogen-Bond Accepting Properties of New Heteroaromatic Ring Chemical Motifs: A Theoretical Study (2016)

2014, 54 (2), 553-561], to predict pKBHX from ΔE(H), were used to predict the pKBHX values for 22 potentially biologically active heteroaromatic ring compounds, [Pitt et al. J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52 (9), 2952-2963], among which several structures still remain experimentally unavailable. H-Bond basicity of sp(2) nitrogen sites were consistently predicted with both descriptors. A worse agreement was found with carbonyl acceptor sites, with the stronger deviations observed for the lactam groups. It was shown that secondary interactions involving the neighboring NH group were influencing the results. Substitution of the NH group with an NMe group resulted in an improved consistency from both Vmin and ΔE(H) predictions, the latter being more prominently affected by the methyl substitution. Both approaches appear as efficient procedures for the H-bond ability prediction of novel heteroaromatic rings. Nevertheless, the ΔE(H) parameter presents slight chemical structure limitations and requires more detailed H-bond structure investigations.
Maceration control of a sugar cane crushing mill (2000)

Raw sugar is produced from juice in sugar cane crushed by a series of mills. To improve the extraction a liquid bath is applied to the cane between mills. This liquid bath, commonly called maceration, consists of water and some of the produced juice. Although the extraction is improved with higher water content in the maceration, the total juice output is restricted by the storage capacity of the plant. The aim of maceration control is to manipulate the added water within the process limits placed by the storage capacity whilst optimising sugar extraction. In the paper, mathematical models of the processes pertaining to maceration are derived from first principles. A cascaded model predictive controller is then designed using the derived models.
<i>Vibrio cholerae tolC</i> Is Required for Bile Resistance and Colonization (2001)

TolC and its homologues are outer membrane proteins that are essential for the transport of many molecules across the cell envelope. In this study we characterized the gene encoding Vibrio cholerae TolC. V. cholerae tolC mutants failed to secrete the RTX cytotoxin, were hypersensitive to antimicrobial agents, and were deficient in intestinal colonization.
Selective Area Growth of High Quality GaAs by OMCVD Using Native Oxide Masks (1987)

A study of selective area growth by atmospheric pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition (OMCVD) using plasma-grown GaAs native oxide masks was conducted. Deposition experiments were carried out with different growth parameters to observe the variation of polycrystalline coverage on the oxide mask. With high growth temperatures or low V/III ratios, poly deposition on the mask was depleted, particularly in regions near the unmasked single-crystal areas. With the optimum conditions for GaAs growth, the polycrystalline growth was homogeneous to the single-crystal boundary, and the single-crystal GaAs areas exhibited liquid nitrogen mobilities up to 105,000 cm**2/Vs.
Improving Faster R‐CNN Framework for Fast Vehicle Detection (2019)

Vision‐based vehicle detection plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems. With the fast development of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), vision‐based vehicle detection approaches have achieved significant improvements compared to traditional approaches. However, due to large vehicle scale variation, heavy occlusion, or truncation of the vehicle in an image, recent deep CNN‐based object detectors still showed a limited performance. This paper proposes an improved framework based on Faster R‐CNN for fast vehicle detection. Firstly, MobileNet architecture is adopted to build the base convolution layer in Faster R‐CNN. Then, NMS algorithm after the region proposal network in the original Faster R‐CNN is replaced by the soft‐NMS algorithm to solve the issue of duplicate proposals. Next, context‐aware RoI pooling layer is adopted to adjust the proposals to the specified size without sacrificing important contextual information. Finally, the structure of depthwise separable convolution in MobileNet architecture is adopted to build the classifier at the final stage of the Faster R‐CNN framework to classify proposals and adjust the bounding box for each of the detected vehicle. Experimental results on the KITTI vehicle dataset and LSVH dataset show that the proposed approach achieved better performance compared to original Faster R‐CNN in both detection accuracy and inference time. More specific, the performance of the proposed method is improved comparing with the original Faster R‐CNN framework by 4% on the KITTI test set and 24.5% on the LSVH test set.
Using Reinforcement Learning to Make Optimal Use of Available Power and Improving Overall Speed of a Solar-Powered Boat (2010)

In preparation of the Frisian Solar Challenge 2010 (the world cup for solar powered boats), the Hanzehogeschool and RuG are designing a hydrofoiling solarboat. Hydrofoils are under water wings, providing lift, capable of raising a boat out of the water. This reduces drag significantly, enabling higher speeds with a decrease of power consumption. However a lot of energy has to be spent in order to get the boat out of the water. These large amounts of energy were previously not available through solar power, making hydrofoils state of the art in solar powered boats. The hydrofoils of the solarboat are retractable, meaning that during the race the solarboat has the ability to switch between states (sailing hullborne or foilborne). Deciding when to switch is a difficult task which has to take into account many different variables. We show how Reinforcement learning can be used to learn an optimal policy in a simulative environment which aims at finishing the race as fast as possible with a limited amount of energy. We use Artificial Neural Networks as function approximators for estimating the value for each action in an arbitrary state. The learned policy will have an advisory role to the pilot of the boat during the race.
We set up several experiments, iteratively increasing the complexity of the model. First the partially observable Mountain car problem was modeled, our results show that through the use of artificial neural networks the value can be predicted more accurately than with a traditional tabular approach. This resulted in a significantly better performance than with the standard method.
Next we modeled the solar boat in a simple race situation, competing on a linear track without an environment. We show how our algorithm is able to optimize the time required for the solar boat to reach the finish line.
Finally we modeled the solar boat within his environment, taking into account position on the track, cornering, sun energy, changing weather and shadows. Two different policies were trained, the first was trained on one single track (Specific Policy Algorithm, SPA), the other was trained on all tracks (Generalizing Policy Algorithm, GPA). There was no significant difference between the performance of the SPA and the GPA. Both algorithms show a gradual decrease in time required to reach the goal, optimizing energy in a situation where energy is limited and unpredictable.