gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modes of oscillation in dc driven high pressure microplasma discharges (2014)

Atmospheric pressure microplasma devices have been the subject of considerable research during the last decade [1]. Most of the operation regime of the discharges studied fall in the `abnormal', `normal' and `corona' modes - increasing and a `flat' voltage current characteristics. However, the negative differential resistance (NDR) regime at atmospheric and high pressures has been less studied and possesses unique characteristics that can be employed for novel applications. The NDR regime has been studied for low pressure systems and has been characterized to be associated to relaxation oscillation only [2-4]. In this work we report a detailed study on the different modes of self oscillation in high pressure micro plasma discharges. Detailed multidimensional numerical simulations have been conducted with a validated model. The different self-pulsing modes of oscillation have been identified as, relaxation oscillation having medium to low frequency oscillation at low discharge current and high frequency free running oscillation at comparatively high discharge current condition. In the relaxation oscillation, the discharge switches between a dark and glow like discharge whereas in the free running mode the transition is observed to occur within glow like modes. Predictions from the model are in favorable agreement with experimental measurements. These two modes of oscillation are found to be more prevalent at higher pressure. Depending on pressure, the frequency of relaxation and free running oscillations are in the kHz - MHz and MHz - GHz range respectively. External parameters influencing these self oscillations are also studied, conditions suitable for suppression of these oscillation is discussed.
Scene Reconstruction and Visualization From Community Photo Collections (2010)

There are billions of photographs on the Internet, representing an extremely large, rich, and nearly comprehensive visual record of virtually every famous place on Earth. Unfortunately, these massive community photo collections are almost completely unstructured, making it very difficult to use them for applications such as the virtual exploration of our world. Over the past several years, advances in computer vision have made it possible to automatically reconstruct 3-D geometry - including camera positions and scene models - from these large, diverse photo collections. Once the geometry is known, we can recover higher level information from the spatial distribution of photos, such as the most common viewpoints and paths through the scene. This paper reviews recent progress on these challenging computer vision problems, and describes how we can use the recovered structure to turn community photo collections into immersive, interactive 3-D experiences.
The CHAMPS system: change management with planning and scheduling (2004)

Change management is a process by which IT systems are modified to accommodate considerations such as software fixes, hardware upgrades and performance enhancements. This paper discusses the CHAMPS system, a prototype under development at IBM Research for Change Management with Planning and Scheduling. The CHAMPS system is able to achieve a very high degree of parallelism for a set of tasks by exploiting detailed factual knowledge about the structure of a distributed system from dependency information at runtime. In contrast, today's systems expect an administrator to provide such insights, which is often not the case. Furthermore, the optimization techniques we employ allow the CHAMPS system to come up with a very high quality solution for a mathematically intractable problem in a time which scales nicely with the problem size. We have implemented the CHAMPS system and have applied it in a TPC-W environment that implements an on-line book store application.
Reverberant Shear Wave Elastography: A Multi-Modal and Multi-Scale Approach to Measure the Viscoelasticity Properties of Soft Tissues (2021)

There are a variety of approaches used to create elastography images. Techniques based on shear wave propagation have received significant attention. However, there remain some limitations and problems due to shear wave reflections, limited penetration in highly viscous media, requirements for prior knowledge of wave propagation direction, and complicated propagation in layers where surface acoustic waves and guided waves are dominant. To overcome these issues, reverberant shear wave elastography (RSWE) was proposed as an alternative method which applies the concept of a narrow-band diffuse field of shear waves within the tissue. Since 2017, the RSWE approach has been implemented in ultrasound (US) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Specifically, this approach has been implemented in these imaging modalities because they are similar in image formation principles and both share several approaches to estimate the biomechanical properties in tissues. Moreover, they cover different spatial-scale and penetration depth characteristics. RSWE has shown promising results in the elastic and viscoelastic characterization of multiple tissues including liver, cornea, and breast. This review summarizes the 4-year progress of the RSWE method in US and OCT. Theoretical derivations, numerical simulations, and applications in ex vivo and in vivo tissues are shown. Finally, we emphasize the current challenges of RSWE in terms of excitation methods and estimation of biomechanical parameters for tissue-specific cases and discuss future pathways for the in vivo and in situ clinical implementations.
Status of powder-in-tube Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor development at supercon (2003)

Multifilament Nb/sub 3/Sn superconductor has been produced by the powder-in-tube approach. The conductor possesses filament diameters below 60 micrometers with layer J/sub c/ of 4158 A/mm/sup 2/ at 12 T and 4.2 K. Niobium tube fabrication, wire processing, filament uniformity, and Nb/sub 3/Sn microstructure are discussed, and the superconducting properties are presented. A process for producing phase pure NbSn/sub 2/ powder of 1-5 micrometer particle size has been developed and is discussed along with plans for further conductor improvements.
Expanding the Capabilities of Microfluidic Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis for Complex Samples (2011)

Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) is a robust, continuous injection separation technique that uses electrophoresis to drive electrically charged analytes into a capillary or microfluidic channel for detection, while opposing electroosmosis and controlled variable pressure-driven flow prevent other sample components-for example, cells, proteins, or particulates in complex samples that can interfere with analysis-from entering the channel. This work expands the sample-in/answer-out analytical capabilities of GEMBE for complex samples by demonstrating the quantitative analysis of anions, implementing aqueous background electrolyte (BGE) solutions at neutral pH, and introducing the use of additives to the sample solution to optimize performance. Dirt was analyzed quantitatively, with the sole preparatory step of suspension in an aqueous BGE solution at neutral pH, for dissolved chloride, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, and oxalate using GEMBE with capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detection. In addition to altering the pH of the BGE solution, optimization of the analysis of dirt and whole blood was achieved using various commercially available additives. These results, taken together with previous demonstrations of GEMBE for the analysis of complex samples, underscore the uncomplicated versatility of GEMBE, facilitate effective analysis of biological complex samples using BGE solutions at physiological pH, and offer a sufficient set of techniques and tools to build a foundation for the analysis of a broad range of complex samples.
Antibodies From Patients With Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia/Thrombosis Recognize Different Epitopes on Heparin: Platelet Factor 4 (1998)

Antibodies associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/ thrombosis (HITT) are now thought to be specific for complexes formed between heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4), a basic protein found normally in platelet alpha granules. How these antibodies cause thrombocytopenia and, in some patients, thrombosis, is not fully understood, in part because purified antibodies that could be labeled and used as probes to characterize target epitopes have not been available. We developed a novel method for antibody purification involving binding to and elution from PF4 complexed to heparin immobilized by end-linkage (EL) to a solid phase. Isolated antibodies were functional and after biotinylation, reacted with heparin: PF4 complexes in the same manner as unlabeled antibodies. Using these probes, we found that antibodies from 11 patients with HITT recognized two, and probably three, distinct sites on heparin: PF4 complexes. The antibodies did not bind to PF4 complexed with heparin immobilized by multiple chemical cross-linkages, suggesting that the heparin molecule must be in a flexible, relatively unconstrained state to react with PF4 in such a way as to create sites for HITT antibody binding.
HyEdge: Optimal Request Scheduling in Hybrid Edge Computing Environment (2019)

With the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the arrival of the 5G era, edge computing has become an attractive paradigm to serve end-users and provide better QoS. Many efforts have been done to provision some merging public network services at the edge. We reveal that it is very common that specific users call for private and isolated edge services to preserve data privacy and enable other security intentions. However, it still remains open to fulfill such kind of mixed requests in edge computing. In this paper, we propose the framework of hybrid edge computing to offer both public and private edge services systematically. To fully exploit the benefits of this novel framework, we define the problem of optimal request scheduling over a given placement solution of hybrid edge servers, so as to minimize the response delay. This problem is further modeled as a mixed integer non-linear problem (MINLP), which is typically NP-hard. Accordingly, we propose the partition-based optimization method, which can efficiently solve this NP-hard problem via the problem decomposition and the branch and bound strategies. We finally conduct extensive evaluations with a real-world dataset to measure the performance of our methods. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves elegant performance with low computation complexity.
Efficient singlet oxygen generation upon two-photon excitation of new porphyrin with enhanced nonlinear absorption (2001)

We demonstrate efficient generation of singlet oxygen upon two-photon excitation with 150-fs 780-nm laser pulses of a new porphyrin photosensitizer molecule whose two-photon absorption cross section has been considerably enhanced by chemical design.
Improved Kalman gain computation for multichannel frequency-domain adaptive filtering and application to acoustic echo cancellation (2002)

For multichannel adaptive filtering applications like acoustic echo cancellation, sophisticated, but efficient algorithms are necessary that take both auto- and cross-correlations of the excitation signals into account. Based on a recently published frequency-domain framework, we examine in this contribution the computation of the so-called frequency-domain Kalman gain, which is crucial in the multichannel case to meet the above requirements for correlated input signals. We present an extended scheme with increased computational efficiency for a higher number of input channels. Robust convergence behaviour during perturbation of the desired signal is ensured by a new dynamical regularization. Application of the new algorithm to multichannel acoustic echo cancellation with real-world signals achieves improved performance.
Digital Holography Using Spectral Estimation Technique (2014)

We propose a technique capable of obtaining spectral information and three-dimensional information of objects. This technique is based on digital holography and spectral estimation technique. In this technique, multiple lasers operating at different wavelengths, such as red, green, and blue, are used to record the complex amplitude of the object in digital holography, and multiple reconstructed monochrome images can be obtained by each wavelength. Spectral estimation technique is used to estimate the spectral reflectance distribution of the object from the multiple reconstructed monochrome images. Through the spectral estimation technique, the spectral reflectance distribution of object can be obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by a numerical simulation and an experiment.
Genetic Selection of Mouse Male Germline Stem Cells In Vitro: Offspring from Single Stem Cells1 (2004)

Spermatogenesis originates from a small population of spermatogonial stem cells. These cells are believed to divide infinitely and support spermatogenesis throughout life in the male. In this investigation, we examined the possibility of deriving transgenic offspring from single spermatogonial stem cells. Spermatogonial stem cells were transfected in vitro with a plasmid vector containing a drug resistant gene. Stably transfected stem cell clones were isolated by in vitro drug selection; these clones were expanded and used to produce transgenic progeny following spermatogonial transplantation into infertile recipients. An average of 49% of the offspring carried the transgene, and the recipient mice continued to produce monoclonal transgenic progeny a year after transplantation. Thus, a somatic cell-based genetic approach can be used to modify and select clones of spermatogonial stem cells in a manner similar to embryonic stem cells. The feasibility of genetic selection using postnatal spermatogonial stem cells demonstrates their extensive proliferative potential and provides the opportunity to develop new methods for generating stable animal transgenics or for germline gene therapy.
Novel peptide binds EWS-FLI1 and reduces the oncogenic potential in Ewing tumors (2011)

Ewing tumor is driven by the oncogenic EWS-FLI1 fusion protein that functions as an aberrant transcription factor. The identification of EWS-FLI1 protein partners is essential to enhance its vulnerability as a therapeutic target. We utilized phage display library screening against recombinant EWS-FLI1 protein. We identified 27 unique Ewing sarcoma binding peptides. The cytotoxicity evaluation of these peptides with in EWS-FLI1 containing cell lines yielded one potent peptide called ESAP1 (TMRGKKKRTRAN). ESAP1 binds EWS-FLI1 with 0.202 micromolar affinity as measured in surface plasmon resonance. The minimal interaction region of ESAP1 is characterized and found that the lysine residues are critical for cellular cytotoxicity. ESAP1 reduces the transcriptional activity of EWS-FLI1 as well as disrupts cell cycle kinetics in Ewing Tumor cells. These findings provide both a novel experimental probe and a potential therapeutic scaffold for Ewing Tumor.
Bridging the application and DBMS divide using static analysis and dynamic profiling (2009)

Relational database management systems (RDBMSs) today serve as the backend for many real-world data intensive applications. Database developers use data access APIs such as ADO.NET to execute SQL queries and access data. While modern program analysis and code profilers are extensively used during the software development life cycle, there is a significant gap in these technologies for database applications because these tools have little or no understanding of data access APIs or the DBMS. We have developed tools that: (a) Enhance traditional static analysis of programs by leveraging understanding of database APIs to help developers identify security, correctness and performance problems in the application. This enables such problems to be detected early in the application lifecycle. (b) Extend the existing DBMS and application profiling infrastructure to enable correlation of application events with DBMS events. This allows profiling across application, data access and DBMS layers. We demonstrate how our tools enable a rich class of analysis, tuning and profiling tasks that are otherwise not possible today.
Semi-Active Control of the Sway Dynamics for Elevator Ropes (2015)

In this work we study the problem of rope sway dynamics control for elevator systems. We choose to actuate the system with a semi-active damper mounted on the top of the elevator car. We propose nonlinear controllers based on Lyapunov theory, to actuate the semi-active damper and stabilize the rope sway dynamics. We study the stability of the proposed controllers, and test their performances on a numerical example.
An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents (2006)

Abstract : Our preliminary data establish a number of important key points. Foremost, these results show that adenovirus can be genetically labeled with a fluorescent structural fusion protein through a complete replacement with IX-EGFP in a chimeric context. At least for our pIX-EGFP strategy, the label was incorporated into virions conferring a fluorescent property that allowed detection of individual particles. Ad-IX-EGFP binding and infection could both be detected via the fluorescent label. This capsid-labeling system is applicable to CRAds because it slightly decreased progeny yield but did not affect the cytopathic effect and spread of the virus. Notably, the level of pIX-EGFP fluorescence directly correlated with the amount of progeny production due to its dependence on E1 activity for expression. The data with pIX-EGFP fulfills all the requirements of the ideal monitoring system for CRAds except noninvasive detection which we propose to accomplish. Both our proposed capsid-labeling approaches demonstrate great promise for detection of viral replication and spread and hence monitoring of CRAds.
Inhibitors of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and epinephrine biosynthesis. 2. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-sulfonanilides (1980)

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-sulfonanilides (1-14) related to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-sulfonamide (21,SK&F 29661) were prepared and studied for their ability to inhibit phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in vitro. The choice of substituents on the 7-phenyl group of the sulfonanilides was based on the Topliss approach to structure-activity relationship studies. Information about the importance of an acidic hydrogen atom on the sulfonamide nitrogen atom was obtained from the preparation and testing of a tertiary N-methylsulfonanilide (15). Other THIQ's (1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines) containing sulfur substituents in the 7 position were prepared and tested and consisted of 7-N-benzyl and 7-N-phenethyl derivatives of SK&F 29661 (16-18) and 7-(phenacylthio)-and 7-(phenacylsulfonyl)-THIQ (19 and 20). The two most potent inhibitors were the 7-p-bromo- and -chlorosulfonanilides, 2 and 6. However, neither was an effective inhibitor of norepinephrine to epinephrine conversion when tested in an in vivo mouse assay at unit doses of 25 or 100 mg/kg.
Exploration of icariin analog structure space reveals key features driving potent inhibition of human phosphodiesterase-5 (2019)

The natural product icariin inhibits human phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) and represents a unique pharmacophore for treating erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, and other diseases. In this study, we explore the available icariin-derived chemical scaffolds through medicinal chemistry to develop novel icariin PDE5 inhibitors with improved potency and specificity. We synthesized six novel semi-synthetic icariin analogs as well as three naturally occurring icariin analogs, and characterized the structure-activity relationship in the context of human PDE5 inhibition using in vitro enzyme inhibition and kinetics assays and molecular modeling. Mammalian-cell-based assays and in vitro enzyme inhibition assays against human PDE6C further helped to identify the most potent and selective icariin analogs. Our results reveal the synergistic contribution of functional groups at the C3 and C7 positions of the icariin backbone towards PDE5 inhibition. Whereas a hydrophobic and flexible alkanol group at the C7 position is sufficient to enhance icariin analog potency, combining this group with a hydrophilic sugar group at the C3 position leads to further enhancement of potency and promotes specificity towards PDE5 versus PDE6C. In particular, compounds 3 and 7 exhibit Ki values of 0.036 ± 0.005 μM and 0.036 ± 0.007 μM towards PDE5 respectively, which are approaching those of commercial PDE5 inhibitors, and can effectively reduce GMP levels in cultured human BJ-hTERT cells. This study identifies novel icariin analogs as potent and selective PDE5 inhibitors poised to become lead compounds for further pharmaceutical development.
A Second Generation of Non‐Peptide Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonists and Their Possible Therapeutic Potential (1994)

The profile of an acidic series of benzodiazepine CCK-B receptor antagonists is described. The tetrazolyl urea derivative L-368,935 had high affinity (CCK-B IC50 0.1 nM) and was one of the most selective (CCK-B/CCK-A 10,000) CCK-B antagonists known. L-368,935 was a CCK-B antagonist with high affinity on the rat ventromedial hypothalamic slice preparation (Kb 0.6 nM) and also blocked pentagastrin-induced calcium mobilization in GH3 cells. L-368,935 had potent in vivo activity and antagonized pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion in the anesthetized rat and CCK-8S-induced aspartate release using microdialysis in the striatum of conscious rats. Activity within the central nervous system was confirmed by a mouse ex vivo binding assay and by direct measurement of the compound within the central nervous system using an HPLC assay. A second generation of CCK-B receptor antagonists such as L-368,935 will be important in determining the therapeutic potential of this class of compound in man.
List Viterbi decoding algorithms with applications (1994)

A list Viterbi decoding algorithm (LVA) produces a rank ordered list of the L globally best candidates after a trellis search. The authors present two such algorithms, (i) a parallel LVA that simultaneously produces the L best candidates and (ii) a serial LVA that iteratively produces the k/sup th/ best candidate based on knowledge of the previously found k-1 best paths. The application of LVA to a concatenated communication system consisting of an inner convolutional code and an outer error detecting code is considered in detail. Analysis as well as simulation results show that significant improvement in error performance is obtained when the inner decoder, which is conventionally based on the Viterbi algorithm (VA), is replaced by the LVA. An improvement of up to 3 dB is obtained for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel due to an increase in the minimum Euclidean distance. Ever larger gains are obtained for the Rayleigh fading channel due to an increase in the time diversity. It is also shown that a 10% improvement in throughput is obtained along with significantly reduced probability of a decoding failure for a hybrid FEC/ARQ scheme with the inner code being a rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>