gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Append-Based Database Storage Management on Flash Memories (2013)

New storage technologies, such as Flash and Non- Volatile Memories, with fundamentally different properties are appearing. Leveraging their performance and endurance requires a redesign of existing architecture and algorithms in modern high performance databases. Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) approaches in database systems, maintain multiple timestamped versions of a tuple. Once a transaction reads a tuple the database system tracks and returns the respective version eliminating lock-requests. Hence under MVCC reads are never blocked, which leverages well the excellent read performance (high throughput, low latency) of new storage technologies. Upon tuple updates, however, established implementations of MVCC approaches (such as Snapshot Isolation) lead to multiple random writes – caused by (i) creation of the new and (ii) in-place invalidation of the old version – thus generating suboptimal access patterns for the new storage media. The combination of an append based storage manager operating with tuple granularity and snapshot isolation addresses asymmetry and in-place updates. In this paper, we highlight novel aspects of log-based storage, in multi-version database systems on new storage media. We claim that multi-versioning and append-based storage can be used to effectively address asymmetry and endurance. We identify multi-versioning as the approach to address dataplacement in complex memory hierarchies. We focus on: version handling, (physical) version placement, compression and collocation of tuple versions on Flash storage and in complex memory hierarchies. We identify possible read- and cacherelated optimizations.
Two-dimensional pixel image lag simulation and optimization in a 4-T CMOS image sensor (2010)

Pixel image lag in a 4-T CMOS image sensor is analyzed and simulated in a two-dimensional model. Strategies of reducing image lag are discussed from transfer gate channel threshold voltage doping adjustment, PPD N-type doping dose/implant tilt adjustment and transfer gate operation voltage adjustment for signal electron transfer. With the computer analysis tool ISE-TCAD, simulation results show that minimum image lag can be obtained at a pinned photodiode n-type doping dose of 7.0 × 1012 cm−2, an implant tilt of −2°, a transfer gate channel doping dose of 3.0 × 1012 cm-2 and an operation voltage of 3.4 V. The conclusions of this theoretical analysis can be a guideline for pixel design to improve the performance of 4-T CMOS image sensors.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Strength of β-Sialon (1987)

β-sialon was fabricated from α-Si3N4 and aluminum-iso-propoxide by hot-pressing. Bending specimens of hot-pressed β-sialon were heat treated at 800° to 1400°C for 0.5 to 10h in air, and effect of heat treatment on the bending strength was examined. Free and fractured surfaces were observed by optical and scanning electron microscope after heat treatment under different temperature-time conditions. The strength, when heat treated for 2h, increased with increase in the heat treating temperature and showed the maximum value of 150kg/mm2 at 1200°C. But the strength decreased a little at 1400°C. The strength did not decreased with heat treating time up to 10h at 1200°C. Most of the specimens fractured from surface flaw generated by grinding. The observed increase in strength by heat treatment at 800° and 1000°C was ascribed to the blunting of crack tips, and that at 1200°C was to the blunting of crack tips and also to the coating of surface flaws with oxide layer.
Generation of 42-fs and 10-nJ pulses from a fiber laser with self-similar evolution in the gain segment (2011)

A double-clad Yb-doped all-normal-dispersion fiber laser with a narrow intra-cavity spectral filter is demonstrated to produce 22 nJ pulses at 42.5 MHz repetition rate. These pulses are characterized and compressed via mulitphoton intrapulse interference phase scan to as short as 42 fs and 10 nJ/pulse. Adaptive compression underlies the achievement of 250-kW peak power, which enables efficient second and third harmonic generation with spectra spanning 30 nm and 20 nm, respectively.
Interferometric synthetic aperture sonarfor high-resolution3-D mapping of the seabed (1997)

A technique is described and demonstrated for generating high-resolution 3-D images of the objects on the seabed, combining synthetic aperture sonar with bathymetric (interferometric) processing. This has applications in surveying of oil wells, pipelines and shipwrecks, and in defence in mine hunting. It is shown that the technique is very sensitive to platform motion errors, and ways are described by which the errors may be estimated and compensated. Practical results obtained with an experimental system in a test tank are presented and discussed, and a number of areas for further work are identified.
Stereopopulation control. VII. Rate enhancement in the lactonization of 3-(o-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acids: dependence on the size of aromatic ring substituents (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereopopulation control. VII. Rate enhancement in the lactonization of 3-(o-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acids: dependence on the size of aromatic ring substituentsMichael M. King and Louis A. CohenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 9, 2752–2760Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00347a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00347a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ensuring dependable processor performance: an experience report on pre-silicon performance validation (2002)

The focus of today's processor validation methodology is primarily on ensuring functional integrity. Increasingly, however, pre-silicon performance validation is becoming part of the design verification challenge. Identification and elimination of performance deficiencies and bugs in the design prior to tape-out is an important aspect of building robust and dependable hardware. Many performance bugs are caused by latent functional defects in the pre-silicon software model of the machine. Besides, robust performance can be a key determinant of quality of service in applications like Web-serving. The authors review the performance validation methodology that they have developed and experimented with over the past few years. They also present examples and experimental results illustrating the use of this methodology in high end PowerPC processor development projects. The scope of the paper is limited to architectural performance, measured by metrics like instructions per cycle (IPC) or its inverse, CPI.
The Role Radius of Curvature Plays in Thiolated Oligonucleotide Loading on Gold Nanoparticles (2009)

We show that by correlating the radius of curvature of spherical gold nanoparticles of varying sizes with their respective thiol-terminated oligonucleotide loading densities, a mathematical relationship can be derived for predicting the loading of oligonucleotides on anisotropic gold nanomaterials. This mathematical relationship was tested with gold nanorods (radius 17.5 nm, length 475 nm) where the measured number of oligonucleotides per rod (3330 +/- 110) was within experimental error of the predicted loading of 3244 oligonucleotides from the derivation. Additionally, we show that once gold nanoparticles reach a diameter of approximately 60 nm the local surface experienced by the oligonucleotide is highly similar to that of a planar surface.
A New Practical Synthesis of Linezolid: An Antibacterial Drug (2010)

A novel and practical asymmetric synthesis of (S)-N-[[3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinyl phenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl] methyl]acetamide has been developed by a new approach without recourse to chromatography and it is employed for the synthesis of Linezolid. This involves the reaction of (R)-epichlorohydrin with N-arylcarbamates and subsequent regioselective epoxide ring opening of resulted intermediate by sodium azide. Keywords: Linezolid, antibacterial drug, asymmetric synthesis, regioselective epoxide ring opening, one pot synthesis
Metal-enclosed SF/sub 6/ gas insulated medium voltage switchgear incorporating vacuum circuit breakers (1989)

In addition to conventional air-insulated medium voltage switchboards, SF/sub 6/ gas insulated switchgear has secured a firm position on the market. Features and advantages of this new type of switchgear are illustrated and questions on secondary control technology are dealt with. Examples based on a new design are shown.
Boosting text extraction from biomedical images using text region detection (2011)

In this paper, we show that domain-optimized text detection in biomedical images is important for boosting text extraction recall via off-the-shelf OCR engines. Methodologically, we contrast OCR performance when processing raw biomedical images, compared to preprocessing those images, and performing OCR on detected image text regions only. To quantify OCR extraction results, we rely on a gold standard image text corpus with manually identified image text strings. To demonstrate the positive effect on biomedical image retrieval, we apply image text detection and extraction to a large corpus of biomedical images in the Yale Image Finder system. We show that improved text extraction results in the retrieval of a larger number of relevant images for a set of domain-relevant keyword searches.
Security of Emergent Automotive Systems: A Tutorial Introduction and Perspectives on Practice (2019)

Editor's note: Emerging automotive systems are governed by various complicated hardware and software systems. Hence, security is an important issue in highly interconnected automotive systems. This article presents a survey of current automotive security research. -Partha Pratim Pande, Washington State University.
Passive and Active Control of a Complex Flexible Structure Using Reaction Mass Actuators (1995)

Passive and active control have been performed on a flexible structure possessing complex modal behavior. Specifically, the structure has closely spaced modes which created a “beat phenomena” in the structure’s vibrations. Reaction mass actuators (RMAs) were used to suppress the structural vibrations with both passive and active control schemes. The results of using both types of control systems were compared both analytically and experimentally. It was determined that, although passive tuning of the RMAs did suppress the structure’s vibrations, additionally applying active control to the optimally tuned RMAs did not significantly increase the system’s vibration suppression performance. However, by choosing the actuator’s characteristics from active control considerations, an active strategy utilizing a local velocity feedback controller suppressed structural vibrations and reduced the active system’s settling time to 20 percent of the settling time with passive damping. Both the passive and the active control were found to be a significant improvement over the structure’s open-loop response.
Blind separation and capture of communication signals using a multitarget constant modulus beamformer (2003)

A multitarget least-squares CMA (constant modulus algorithm) that blindly adapts a narrowband beamformer to separate and capture multiple communication signals by exploiting only the low modulus variation of the communication waveforms is presented. It is shown that the algorithm can detect and classify transient and nontransient communication signals on the basis of modulus variation and extract those signals with maximum attainable output SINR (signal-to-interference and -noise ratio) in environments containing strong transient or nontransient cochannel interference. This is demonstrated via computer simulation for a narrowband (25 kHz bandwidth) four-element antenna array in environments containing FSK (frequency shift keying) bursts received at low ( approximately 4 dB signal-to-white-noise ratio) power levels in the presence of severe ( approximately -50-dB signal-to-interference ratio) interference. It is shown that the algorithm can capture the FSK bursts in less than 2 ms, and maintain capture on the signals as other signals appear and disappear over the signal ON times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capillary electrophoresis with surface coated capillaries (1991)

Abstract With uncoated fused silica capillaries, the electroosmotic flow and its contribution to solute migration are in part responsible for problems with the reproducibility of migration time due to hysteresis effects. In transferring coating procedures from silica to capillary surfaces, it has been possible to prepare stable polymeric coatings where hysteresis effects are negligible. Acrylamide coatings reduce the electroosmotic flow. A pH independent flow could be achieved with bonded cation exchange groups. With bonded anion exchangers, reversal of electroosmotic flow is possible.
Estimation and prediction of cloudiness from ground-based all-sky hemispherical digital images (2010)

Cloudiness is the environmental factor most affecting the solar radiation reaching a particular location on the Earth surface. Therefore it has great impact on the performance of predictive solar radiation models for that location. This work aims contributing to the improvement of such models by using ground-to-sky hemispherical colour digital images as a means to estimate the fraction of visible sky corresponding to clouds and to clear sky, and by using radial basis function neural networks to model and predict the estimated cloudiness time-series. The general approach for cloudiness estimation, common to many image processing applications, consists in finding one threshold on a given pixel intensity scale that segments the image pixels into clear sky and cloud. The neural network models, selected by means of multiobjective genetic algorithms, are trained as one-step-ahead predictors and used iteratively in order to predict the cloudiness time-series up to a required prediction horizon. In order to allow the evaluation and comparison of image thresholding methods as well as forming a timeseries suitable to train and evaluate neural network models, the pixels of 410 images were manually classified as clear sky or cloud, establishing a reference database. Two well known image thresholding algorithms are tested and a neural network approach is presented. For the latter, a number of statistical measures are extracted from the images constituting a feature space of potential inputs. As well as for the cloudiness predictive models, the actual inputs and number of neurons to be employed are selected by means of a multi-objective genetic algorithm.
Multiscale Deep Equilibrium Models (2020)

We propose a new class of implicit networks, the multiscale deep equilibrium model (MDEQ), suited to large-scale and highly hierarchical pattern recognition domains. An MDEQ directly solves for and backpropagates through the equilibrium points of multiple feature resolutions simultaneously, using implicit differentiation to avoid storing intermediate states (and thus requiring only $O(1)$ memory consumption). These simultaneously-learned multi-resolution features allow us to train a single model on a diverse set of tasks and loss functions, such as using a single MDEQ to perform both image classification and semantic segmentation. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach on two large-scale vision tasks: ImageNet classification and semantic segmentation on high-resolution images from the Cityscapes dataset. In both settings, MDEQs are able to match or exceed the performance of recent competitive computer vision models: the first time such performance and scale have been achieved by an implicit deep learning approach. The code and pre-trained models are at https://github.com/locuslab/mdeq .
Free-Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Allylic Sulfides (1996)

A new type of ring-opening monomer has been investigated and found to undergo facile and efficient free-radical polymerization. The monomers are cyclic allylic sulfides with 6-methylene-1,4-dithiepane (3) and 3-methylene-1,5-dithiacyclooctane (4) synthesized and investigated as two examples. 6-Methylene-1,4-dithiepane (3) is a clear oil and 3-methylene-1,5-dithiacyclooctane (4) has a low, near ambient temperature melting point, and in contrast to many ring-opening monomers, they readily survive exposure to moisture and aqueous acids and bases. These compounds were polymerized in bulk with complete ring opening to give highly insoluble crystalline homopolymers of high molecular weight (Mw ca. 500 000−700 000) with glass transition temperatures of ca. −30 to −50 °C and melting points of ca. 100−130 °C. The homopolymers and their 1:1 copolymer were characterized by FT-IR and high-temperature 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, high-temperature GPC, and DSC. They displayed volume shrinkages in the range expected of ring-opening monomers (4.5−8.5%) of their molecular weights in spite of the crystallinity present in the final polymers.
An Epitope of the Semliki Forest Virus Fusion Protein Exposed during Virus-Membrane Fusion (1999)

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is an enveloped alphavirus that infects cells via a membrane fusion reaction triggered by acidic pH in the endocytic pathway. Fusion is mediated by the spike protein E1 subunit, an integral membrane protein that contains the viral fusion peptide and forms a stable homotrimer during fusion. We have characterized four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the acid conformation of E1. These MAbs did not inhibit fusion, suggesting that they bind to an E1 region different from the fusion peptide. Competition analyses demonstrated that all four MAbs bound to spatially related sites on acid-treated virions or isolated spike proteins. To map the binding site, we selected for virus mutants resistant to one of the MAbs, E1a-1. One virus isolate, SFV 4-2, showed reduced binding of three acid-specific MAbs including E1a-1, while its binding of one acid-specific MAb as well as non-acid-specific MAbs to E1 and E2 was unchanged. The SFV 4-2 mutant was fully infectious, formed the E1 homotrimer, and had the wild-type pH dependence of infection. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the relevant mutation in SFV 4-2 was a change of E1 glycine 157 to arginine (G157R). Decreased binding of MAb E1a-1 was observed under a wide range of assay conditions, strongly suggesting that the E1 G157R mutation directly affects the MAb binding site. These data thus localize an E1 region that is normally hidden in the neutral pH structure and becomes exposed as part of the reorganization of the spike protein to its fusion-active conformation.
Electroenzymatic Sensing of Fructose Using Fructose Dehydrogenase Immobilized in a Self-Assembled Monolayer on Gold (1996)

The hydrophobic enzyme, fructose dehydrogenase (from Gluconobacter sp., EC 1.1.99.11), and coenzyme Q6 have been co-immobilized in a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold through a detergent dialysis procedure to create a prototype fructose biosensor. The SAM consists of a mixture of octadecyl mercaptan (OM) and two short chain disulfides, which form -S-CH2-CH2-CH2-COO- and -S-CH2-CH2-NH3+ on the surface. The short chain, charged modifiers may provide defects, or pockets, in the OM layer where the enzyme may adsorb through electrostatic interactions. At oxidizing potentials, the electrode generates a catalytic current at densities up to about 10 μA/cm2 when exposed to fructose solution. The enzyme electrode exhibits a response time well under a minute and the calibration curve is linear at fructose concentrations up to 0.8 mM. The biosensor prototype exhibits low susceptibility to positive interference by ascorbic acid indicating that this construct could be useful for fructose analysis of citrus fruit juice.
Ictogenesis and Epileptogenesis in EL Mice (2002)

Continuous IEG expression and abnormal GABAergic function are involved in the epileptogenesis of EL mice. Transiently expressed IEG, on the other hand, is associated with the ictogenesis. It is conceivable that an excess amount of iNOS (and subsequent increase in harmful antimicrobial NO) and a lesser amount of eNOS (and subsequent decrease in NO or endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF) may work together to contribute to a focus complex and ictogenesis. Drugs that suppress iNOS and/or potentiate eNOS may be promising candidates for a new type of antiepileptic agent.
Simplified Gate Driver Circuit for High-Resolution and Narrow-Bezel Thin-Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display Applications (2015)

A novel gate driver circuit composed of four thin-film transistors (TFTs) and two capacitors is developed. Three-phase overlapping clock signals are used in multifunction input TFT and driving TFT, so the proposed circuit can have a simple structure. The electrical characteristics of a fabricated amorphous-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide TFT are measured to establish the model of HSPICE simulation. Simulated results confirm that the proposed gate driver circuit generates stable gate pulses according to the specification of a 5.46-in full high-definition panel and the single-stage layout area is 400 μm × 126 μm. These specifications are favorable for high-resolution and narrow-bezel active-matrix liquid crystal displays.
Endothelin ETA receptor antagonist blocks cardiac hypertrophy provoked by hemodynamic overload. (1994)

These data suggest that endogenous ET-1 synthesized in the cardiovascular system plays a role in the mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy during the early phase of pressure overload in vivo.