gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct Modes of Neuronal Migration in Different Domains of Developing Cerebellar Cortex (1998)

As postmitotic neurons migrate to their final destinations, they encounter different cellular microenvironments, but functional responses of migrating neurons to changes in local environmental cues have not been examined. In the present study, we used a confocal microscope on acute cerebellar slice preparations to examine real-time changes in the shape of granule cells, as well as the mode and rate of their migration as they transit different microenvironments. The rate of granule cell movement is fastest in the molecular layer, whereas their elongated somata and long leading processes remain in close contact with Bergmann glial fibers. Cell movement is slowest in the Purkinje cell layer after granule cells detach from the surface of Bergmann glia and the somata become transiently round, whereas the leading processes considerably shorten. Surprisingly, after entering the internal granular layer, granule cells re-extend both their somata and leading processes as they resume rapid movement independent of Bergmann glial fibers. In this last phase of migration, described here for the first time, most granule cells move radially for >100 micron (a distance comparable to that observed in the molecular layer) until they reach the deep strata of the internal granular layer, where they become rounded again and form synaptic contacts with mossy fiber terminals. These observations reveal that migrating neurons alter their shape, rate, and mode of movement in response to local environmental cues and open the possibility for testing the role of signaling molecules in cerebellar neurogenesis.
.ALPHA.-Lipoic Acid Inhibits Melanogenesis in Three-dimensional Human Skin Model (2009)

The overproduction of pigmentary melanin in the skin causes an undesirable cosmetic appearance. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the inhibitory effect of α-lipoic acid (LA) on melanogenesis using a three-dimensional human skin model with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. It is evident that melanin biosynthesis in human skin cells was decreased by the treatment with LA under the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.1% (w/v) in a concentration-dependent fashion, reflecting no effect on cell viability.
Improvement of Defibrillation Efficacy with Preshock Synchronized Pacing (2004)

STCD improves defibrillation efficacy by synchronizing VF activations and increasing probability of shock delivery to the unexcitable LVG area.
Pharmacogenomic Modeling of Circulating Tumor and Invasive Cells for Prediction of Chemotherapy Response and Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer (2014)

These findings suggest that PGx profiling of CTICs can predict treatment response.
Leafing digital content (2004)

Today the availability of large digital content archives (video, ebook, audio) creates many problems in terms of user interaction and data manipulation (browsing, searching). Many approaches have been introduced in the past for quickly browsing a digital video library. In this paper we introduce a general framework for representing multimedia contents with a more effective, user-driven, speed-dependent browsing process by using a different user interaction metaphor: the manual/mental process of "leafing through the pages of an illustrated magazine". "Digital Leafing" is a combination of user interactions and speed-dependent data representation of digital contents. In case of video, we conclude that such a solution provides a more neutral and personal browsing and it trades off the complexity of video extraction algorithms with a higher user control.
2-Aza-1,3-butadiene Derivatives Featuring an Anthracene or Pyrene Unit:  Highly Selective Colorimetric and Fluorescent Signaling of Cu<sup>2+</sup>Cation (2006)

[Structure: see text] A new probe based on an anthryl derivative bearing an azadiene side chain selectively senses Cu2+ in acetonitrile through two different channels: the yellow-to-orange color change and a remarkable enhancement of the fluorescence, whereas the pyrenyl analogous behaves as a fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ and Hg2+ in aqueous environment.
Imaging three‐dimensional myocardial mechanics using navigator‐gated volumetric spiral cine DENSE MRI (2010)

A navigator-gated 3D spiral cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) pulse sequence for imaging 3D myocardial mechanics was developed. In addition, previously described 2D postprocessing algorithms including phase unwrapping, tissue tracking, and strain tensor calculation for the left ventricle (LV) were extended to 3D. These 3D methods were evaluated in five healthy volunteers, using 2D cine DENSE and historical 3D myocardial tagging as reference standards. With an average scan time of 20.5 ± 5.7 min, 3D data sets with a matrix size of 128 × 128 × 22, voxel size of 2.8 × 2.8 × 5.0 mm(3), and temporal resolution of 32 msec were obtained with displacement encoding in three orthogonal directions. Mean values for end-systolic mid-ventricular mid-wall radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain were 0.33 ± 0.10, -0.17 ± 0.02, and -0.16 ± 0.02, respectively. Transmural strain gradients were detected in the radial and circumferential directions, reflecting high spatial resolution. Good agreement by linear correlation and Bland-Altman analysis was achieved when comparing normal strains measured by 2D and 3D cine DENSE. Also, the 3D strains, twist, and torsion results obtained by 3D cine DENSE were in good agreement with historical values measured by 3D myocardial tagging.
Regulation of macrophage activation by IL-3. II. IL-3 and lipopolysaccharide act synergistically in the regulation of IL-1 expression. (1990)

We have previously reported that IL-3, a cytokine produced by both Th1 and Th2 type CD4+ T cells, displays macrophage-activating potential. IL-3, like IFN-gamma, readily induced functions related to Ag presentation (e.g., Ia and lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 expression). However, in contrast to the response elicited by IFN-gamma, tumor cytotoxicity was not induced by IL-3. In this paper we have evaluated the capacity of IL-3 to regulate IL-1 expression. Our data demonstrate that although IL-3 alone was unable to induce the production of substantial IL-1 bioactivity in peritoneal exudate cells, it contributed synergistically to the induction of IL-1 bioactivity in the presence of suboptimal doses of LPS. It was of interest that IFN-gamma, which can also interact synergistically with LPS, was unable to complement the partial signals provided by IL-3 for the expression of IL-1 bioactivity, suggesting that IL-3 and IFN-gamma may be providing similar stimulatory signals in this respect. Our studies on the mechanism of synergy between IL-3 and LPS indicated that the effect of LPS did not appear to be mediated by the well-characterized LPS-inducible cytokines of macrophage origin (i.e., IL-1, alpha and beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6). The best characterized function of IL-3 is its multicolony-stimulating activity as a CSF; in this context we also studied granulocyte-macrophage CSF and noted that it behaves similarly to IL-3 in that it can synergistically contribute to IL-1 induction. A similar, but more dramatic induction of IL-1 synthesis in response to IL-3 was demonstrated by the P388.D1 murine macrophage cell line. The kinetics and the molecular mechanism of the response of P388.D1 to IL-3 indicate several unique features of IL-3-induced IL-1 expression: 1) IL-3 itself induced IL-1 mRNA expression, which was unaccompanied by substantial production of bioactivity, either cell-associated or secreted into the culture supernatant; 2) IL-3 synergized with suboptimal doses of LPS to induce not only heightened IL-1 mRNA levels but bioactivity as well; and 3) IL-3, when combined with LPS, altered the kinetics of IL-1 message and bioactive protein production in response to LPS: IL-3 and LPS induced an early release (3 to 7 h poststimulation) of the IL-1 protein as well as a second peak of mRNA and bioactivity (at 12 to 36 h), which was not observed in response to either IL-3 or LPS alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Multiple Cytokines Are Released When Blood from Patients with Tuberculosis Is Stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens (2011)

Multiple cytokines are released when whole blood from patients with CCTB is stimulated with Mtb antigens. Measurement of multiple cytokine responses may improve diagnostic sensitivity for Mtb infection compared with assessment of IFN-γ alone.
A general-purpose processor-per-pixel analog SIMD vision chip (2005)

A smart-sensor VLSI circuit suitable for focal-plane low-level image processing applications is presented. The architecture of the device is based on a fine-grain software-programmable SIMD processor array. Processing elements, integrated within each pixel of the imager, are implemented utilising a switched-current analog microprocessor concept. This allows the achievement of real-time image processing speeds with high efficiency in terms of silicon area and power dissipation. The prototype 21 /spl times/ 21 vision chip is fabricated in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and achieves a cell size of 98.6 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 98.6 /spl mu/m. It executes over 1.1 giga instructions per second (GIPS) while dissipating under 40 mW of power. The architecture, circuit design and experimental results are presented in this paper.
Sketch It, Make It: Freehand Drawing for Precise Rapid Fabrication (2018)

We present Sketch It, Make It (SIMI), a tool for designing precise models for rapid fabrication. SIMI provides a novel recognition and disambiguation architecture that supports designers in using penbased interaction techniques without requiring users to enter persistent modes. The suite of pen-based interaction techniques let the designer fluidly transition from rough ideas to precise output within a single tool. These techniques are for creating geometry, issuing gestures that edit the model, and for creating, enforcing, and maintaining geometric constraints. The architecture demonstrated in this system could be applied more broadly in other domains, including 3D modeling or graphic design.
A <i>Drosophila</i> Complementary DNA Resource (2000)

Collections of nonredundant, full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clones for each of the model organisms and humans will be important resources for studies of gene structure and function. We describe a general strategy for producing such collections and its implementation, which so far has generated a set of cDNAs corresponding to over 40% of the genes in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
Ambipolar Gate-Controllable SiNW FETs for Configurable Logic Circuits With Improved Expressive Capability (2011)

In this letter, we report on the fabrication and characterization of ambipolar silicon-nanowire (SiNW) field-effect transistors (FETs) with a double-independent-gate (DIG) structure for polarity control. Several structures are fabricated, showing the effectiveness of local back gate to enable switchable ambipolar functionality. Moreover, AND, NAND , NOR, XOR, and XNOR binary logic functions can be obtained with a single gate, depending on the encoding values used for the input signals. Repeatable behaviors of DIG SiNW FETs are considered as enablers for ambipolar-controlled logic, with all the benefits related to the maturity of the silicon technology.
Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase isoforms V and VI by various Gbg subunits (1998)

ABSTRACT An intriguing development in the G-protein signaling field has been the finding that not only the Ga subunit, but also Gbg subunits, affect a number of downstream target molecules. One of the downstream targets of Gbg is adenylyl cyclase, and it has been demonstrated that a number of isoforms of adenylyl cyclase can be either inhibited or stimulated by Gbg subunits. Until now, adenylyl cyclase type I has been the only isoform reported to be inhibited by free Gbg. Here we show by transient cotransfection into COS-7 cells of either adenylyl cyclase V or VI, together with Gg2 and various Gb subunits, that these two adenylyl cyclase isozymes are markedly inhibited by Gbg. In addition, we show that Gb1 and Gb5 subunits differ in their activity. Gb1 transfected alone mark-edly inhibited adenylyl cylcase V and VI (probably by recruiting endogenous Gg subunits). On the other hand, Gb5 produced less inhibition of these isozymes, and its activity was enhanced by the addition of Gg2. These results demonstrate that adenylyl cyclase types V and VI are inhibited by Gbg dimers and that Gb1 and Gb5 subunits differ in their capacity to regulate these adenylyl cyclase isozymes.—Bayewitch, M. L., Avidor-
Polymerase chain reaction in microfluidic devices (2016)

The invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has caused a revolution in molecular biology, giving access to a method of amplifying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules across several orders of magnitude. Since the first application of PCR in a microfluidic device was developed in 1998, an increasing number of researchers have continued the development of microfluidic PCR systems. In this review, we introduce recent developments in microfluidic-based space and time domain devices as well as discuss various designs integrated with multiple functions for sample preparation and detection. The development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification and digital PCR microfluidic devices within the last five years is also highlighted. Furthermore, we introduce various commercial microfluidic PCR devices.
High-Density Magneto-Optical Disk System Using Magnetically Induced Super Resolution (1992)

Magnetically induced super resolution (MSR) is a new technology developed by us. It more than doubles the readout resolution limit of a conventional optical disk system without shortening the laser wavelength or increasing the numerical aperture ( N.A. ) of the objective lens. We examined the characteristics of the readout signals of an MSR-by-RAD (rear aperture detection) disk and obtained a high C / N of more than 49 dB and good stability of the edge position at a mark length of 0.4 µm. We investigated the high-density MO disk system using the MSR-by-RAD disk. Owing to optimization of the writing process and waveform equalization, the system achieved a byte error rate of less than 10 -4 at a bit length of 0.3 µm. This bit length corresponds to a linear density more than three times higher than that of the conventional 130-mm MO disk system of the ISO standard.
Interlayer couplings, Moiré patterns, and 2D electronic superlattices in MoS <sub>2</sub> /WSe <sub>2</sub> hetero-bilayers (2017)

By using direct growth, we create a rotationally aligned MoS<sub>2</sub>/WSe<sub>2</sub> hetero-bilayer as a designer van der Waals heterostructure. With rotational alignment, the lattice mismatch leads to a periodic variation of atomic registry between individual van der Waals layers, exhibiting a Moiré pattern with a well-defined periodicity. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and first-principles calculations, we investigate interlayer coupling as a function of atomic registry. We quantitatively determine the influence of interlayer coupling on the electronic structure of the hetero-bilayer at different critical points. We show that the direct gap semiconductor concept is retained in the bilayer although the valence and conduction band edges are located at different layers. We further show that the local bandgap is periodically modulated in the <i>X</i>-<i>Y</i> direction with an amplitude of ~0.15 eV, leading to the formation of a two-dimensional electronic superlattice.
Impact of Daily Physical Activity as Measured by Commonly Available Wearables on Mealtime Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes (2020)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> In contrast with exercise, or structured physical activity (PA), glycemic disturbances due to daily unstructured PA in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is largely underresearched, with limited information on treatment recommendations. We present results from retrospective analysis of data collected under patients' free-living conditions that illuminate the association between PA, as measured by an off-the-shelf activity tracker, and postprandial blood glucose control. <b><i>Research Design and Methods:</i></b> Data from 37 patients with T1D during two clinical studies with identical data collection protocols were analyzed retrospectively: 4 weeks of continuous glucose monitoring, carbohydrate intake, insulin injections, and PA (assessed through wearable activity tracker) were collected in free-living conditions. Five-hour glucose area under curves (GAUCs) following the last-bolused meal of every day were computed to assess postprandial glucose excursions, and their relation with corresponding antecedent PA was analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression models, accounting for meal, insulin, and current glycemic state. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Datasets yielded 845 days of data from 37 subjects (22.8 ± 11.6 days/subject); postmeal GAUC was negatively associated with total daily PA measured by step count (<i>P</i> = 0.025), and total time spent performing higher than light-intensity PA (<i>P</i> = 0.042). Patients with higher median total daily PA exhibited lower average postprandial GAUC (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Additional analyses indicated that daily PA likely presents an immediate and delayed impact on glucose control. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Daily PA assessed by commonly available sensors is significantly associated with glycemic exposure after an evening meal, indicating that quantitative assessment of PA may be useful in mealtime treatment decisions.
Chemistry and biochemistry of<sup>13</sup>C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance using dynamic nuclear polarization (2013)

The study of transient chemical phenomena by conventional NMR has proved elusive, particularly for non-(1)H nuclei. For (13)C, hyperpolarization using the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique has emerged as a powerful means to improve SNR. The recent development of rapid dissolution DNP methods has facilitated previously impossible in vitro and in vivo study of small molecules. This review presents the basics of the DNP technique, identification of appropriate DNP substrates, and approaches to increase hyperpolarized signal lifetimes. Also addressed are the biochemical events to which DNP-NMR has been applied, with descriptions of several probes that have met with in vivo success.
Tomato locule number and fruit size controlled by natural alleles of <i>lc</i> and <i>fas</i> (2019)

Improving yield by increasing the size of produce is an important selection criterion during the domestication of fruit and vegetable crops. Genes controlling meristem organization and organ formation work in concert to regulate the size of reproductive organs. In tomato, <i>lc</i> and <i>fas</i> control locule number, which often leads to enlarged fruits compared to the wild progenitors. <i>LC</i> is encoded by the tomato ortholog of WUSCHEL (WUS), whereas <i>FAS</i> is encoded by the tomato ortholog of CLAVATA3 (CLV3). The critical role of the WUS-CLV3 feedback loop in meristem organization has been demonstrated in several plant species. We show that mutant alleles for both loci in tomato led to an expansion of the <i>SlWUS</i> expression domain in young floral buds 2-3 days after initiation. Single and double mutant alleles of <i>lc</i> and <i>fas</i> maintain higher <i>SlWUS</i> expression during the development of the carpel primordia in the floral bud. This augmentation and altered spatial expression of <i>SlWUS</i> provided a mechanistic basis for the formation of multilocular and large fruits. Our results indicated that <i>lc</i> and <i>fas</i> are gain-of-function and partially loss-of-function alleles, respectively, while both mutations positively affect the size of tomato floral meristems. In addition, expression profiling showed that <i>lc</i> and <i>fas</i> affected the expression of several genes in biological processes including those involved in meristem/flower development, patterning, microtubule binding activity, and sterol biosynthesis. Several differentially expressed genes co-expressed with <i>SlWUS</i> have been identified, and they are enriched for functions in meristem regulation. Our results provide new insights into the transcriptional regulation of genes that modulate meristem maintenance and floral organ determinacy in tomato.
A single amino acid substitution in envelope protein E of tick-borne encephalitis virus leads to attenuation in the mouse model (1990)

We have determined the virulence characteristics of seven monoclonal antibody escape mutants of tick-borne encephalitis virus in the mouse model. One of the mutants with an amino acid substitution from tyrosine to histidine at residue 384 revealed strongly reduced pathogenicity after peripheral inoculation of adult mice but retained its capacity to replicate in the mice and to induce a high-titered antibody response. Infection with the attenuated mutant resulted in resistance to challenge with virulent virus. Assessment of nonconservative amino acid substitutions in other attenuated flaviviruses suggests that a structural element including residue 384 may represent an important determinant of flavivirus virulence in general.
Biodegradable Polymers (2009)

Biodegradable materials are used in packaging, agriculture, medicine and other areas. In recent years there has been an increase in interest in biodegradable polymers. Two classes of biodegradable polymers can be distinguished: synthetic or natural polymers. There are polymers produced from feedstocks derived either from petroleum resources (non renewable resources) or from biological resources (renewable resources). In general natural polymers offer fewer advantages than synthetic polymers. The following review presents an overview of the different biodegradable polymers that are currently being used and their properties, as well as new developments in their synthesis and applications.
Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanisms (1999)

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides reliable delivery of data across any network path, including network paths containing satellite channels. While TCP works over satellite channels there are several IETF standardized mechanisms that enable TCP to more effectively utilize the available capacity of the network path. This document outlines some of these TCP mitigations. At this time, all mitigations discussed in this document are IETF standards track mechanisms (or are compliant with IETF standards).