gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ADVANCED CONTROL HEAT TRANSFER LOOP WITH REMOTE COMPENSATION CHAMBER (2013)

Current and future space applications are demanding the development of thermal control systems that are consistent with the increasing number of locations from where wasted heat shall be picked up. In this line, an Advanced Control Heat Transfer Loop (ACHTL) with Remote Compensation Chamber based on LHP technology is being developed in IberEspacio. ACHTL with Remote Compensation Chamber is a promising and advantageous solution which overcomes the problem of the limited number of evaporators (classical LHP design) and of instability of operation in transient modes with increased parasitic heat leak through the capillary wick wall (classical CPL design). The proposed thermal architecture implies an autonomous, self-regulated, lightweight, and highly efficient centralized two-phase heat transport system (thermal bus concept), to be potentially used for thermal control in space and terrestrial applications. The first step in the ACHTL development was the design and testing of a one-evaporator one-condenser ACHTL with a remote reservoir. The advanced control scheme and algorithm have been experimentally investigated and the concept has been successfully verified and validated. In the second stage of the project (in the frame of ESA program "Multiple-Evaporator Multiple-Reservoir Loop Heat Pipe") the second evaporator and the second condenser have been added to the design. Furthermore, a dual-evaporator dual-condenser ACHTL has been manufactured and tested. The system demonstrated outstanding performance and very reliable and robust operation at all regimes including very stressful transient conditions such as adverse gravity orientation, sharp variations of input powers and condenser temperatures and startup, shut down, and restart of one of the evaporators keeping the second constantly in operation.
High efficiency of lutetium silicate scintillators, Ce-doped LPS and LYSO crystals (2003)

We have introduced a new scintillator: cerium doped lutetium pyrosilicate Lu/sub 2/Si/sub 2/O/sub 7/ (Ce: LPS). A high light output (average value: 26,300 ph/MeV), a relatively good energy resolution (10%) and a fast decay time (38 ns) without afterglow make this new scintillator very attractive. We compare its properties to those of another recently developed cerium doped lutetium based silicate, Ce: Lu/sub 2(1-x)/Y/sub 2x/SiO/sub 5/ (LYSO).
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydroamination of Alkynes and Allenes with Ammonia (2008)

Gold hilft meist weiter, so auch bei der Synthese reaktiver Stickstoffverbindungen wie Imine, Enamine und Allylamine durch Addition von NH3 an ungesättigte Bindungen in Gegenwart des Gold(I)-Komplexes eines cyclischen Alkyl(amino)carbens (blaue Struktur; Dipp=Diisopropylphenyl). Durch die Reaktion sind auch komplexe Verbindungen zugänglich (siehe die Beispiele).
A triboelectric x-ray source (2011)

A source of x-rays capable of exciting the characteristic emission lines of Mo and Ag is demonstrated. The device, which requires no external high voltage supply, uses the triboelectric effect to produce a charge imbalance when silicone and a metal-loaded epoxy are made to repeatedly contact each other in vacuum. This provides a source of 40 keV electrons which generate bremsstrahlung and characteristic x-rays at a rate of &gt;105 per contact cycle. By increasing the repetition rate of the contact cycle the viability of a device that emits 108 x-ray photons per second is suggested, making triboelectricity an inexpensive source of x-rays. The form factors and simplicity of such devices open up interesting possibilities for x-ray imaging.
“Chaotic Optical Communications” (2005)

Chaotic optical communication is a promising technique to improve privacy and security. It employs synchronized chaotic emitters/receiver lasers to encode/decode information. This talk describes a recent demonstration of an optical chaotic communication system.
A New High Efficiency Segmented Thermoelectric Unicouple (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To achieve high thermal-to-electric energy conversion efficiency, it is desirable to operate thermoelectric generator devices over large temperature gradients and also to maximize the thermoelectric performance of the materials used to build the devices. However, no single thermoelectric material is suitable for use over a very wide range of temperatures (~300-1000K). It is therefore necessary to use different materials in each temperature range where they possess optimum performance. This can be achieved in two ways: 1) multistage thermoelectric generators where each stage operates over a fixed temperature difference and is electrically insulated but thermally in contact with the other stages 2) segmented generators where the p- and n-legs are formed of different segments joined in series. The concept of integrating new thermoelectric materials developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory into a segmented thermoelectric unicouple has been introduced in earlier publications. This new unicouple is expected to operate over a 300-973 K temperature difference and will use novel segmented legs based on a combination of state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials and novel p-type Zn<sub>4</sub>Sb<sub>3</sub>, p-type CeFe<sub>4</sub>Sb<sub>12</sub>-based alloys and n-type CoSb<sub>3</sub>-based alloys. A conversion efficiency of about 15% is predicted for this new unicouple. We present in this paper the latest experimental results from the fabrication of this unicouple, including bonding studies between the different segments of the p-legs, n-legs, and p-leg to n-leg interconnect.</div></div>
Efficient universal lossless data compression algorithms based on a greedy context-dependent sequential grammar transform (2002)

In many applications like compression of text files, Web page files, and Java applets, there exists some a-priori knowledge, which often takes form of context models, about the data to be compressed. The challenging problem is then how to efficiently utilize the context models to improve the compression performance. We address this problem by extending results of Yang and Kieffer (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.IT-46, p.755-88, 2000), particularly the greedy context-free sequential grammar transform and the corresponding compression algorithms, to the case of context models.
The road to the first, fully active and more stable human insulin variant with an additional disulfide bond (2015)

Insulin, a small peptide hormone, is crucial in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. The stability and activity of the protein is directed by an intricate system involving disulfide bonds to stabilize the active monomeric species and by their non-covalent oligomerization. All known insulin variants in vertebrates consist of two peptide chains and have six cysteine residues, which form three disulfide bonds, two of them link the two chains and a third is an intra-chain bond in the A-chain. This classical insulin fold appears to have been conserved over half a billion years of evolution. We addressed the question whether a human insulin variant with four disulfide bonds could exist and be fully functional. In this review, we give an overview of the road to engineering four-disulfide bonded insulin analogs. During our journey, we discovered several active four disulfide bonded insulin analogs with markedly improved stability and gained insights into the instability of analogs with seven cysteine residues, importance of dimerization for stability, insulin fibril formation process, and the conformation of insulin binding to its receptor. Our results also open the way for new strategies in the development of insulin biopharmaceuticals.
Regulation of Single Chain Urokinase Binding, Internalization, and Degradation by a Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1-Derived Peptide (1997)

The internalization and degradation of cell-associated urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) through the alpha2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein-related receptor (alpha2MR/LRP) represent important steps in the control of plasmin formation. Complexes between two chain urokinase (tcuPA) and plasminogen activator type 1 are degraded rapidly whereas single chain urokinase (scuPA) is not, suggesting that alpha2MR/LRP requires specific epitopes in the serpin for effective function. We report an alternative mechanism that may contribute to this process. The binding of scuPA to LM-TK- cells that lack the uPA receptor was stimulated by the hexapeptide EEIIMD, corresponding to amino acids 350-355 of plasminogen activator type 1, which contacts the sequence RHRGGS, corresponding to amino acids 179-184 in uPA. EEIIMD increased the Bmax of scuPA binding 4-fold with the half-maximal effect achieved at a peptide concentration of 50 microM. Stimulation was dependent on the charge on the COOH-terminal amino acid but not on the NH2 terminus of the peptide. EEIIMD also stimulated the internalization and degradation of scuPA. Both the binding and internalization of scuPA in the presence of EEIIMD were blocked by recombinant, 39-kDa alpha2MR/LRP-associated protein as well as by an anti-alpha2MR/LRP antibody. EEIIMD also stimulated the binding of scuPA to purified alpha2MR/LRP. EEIIMD had no effect on the binding of tcuPA or of complexes between scuPA and its receptor. These results suggest that EEIIMD regulates the binding of scuPA with alpha2MR/LRP. These findings also suggest a potential mechanism by which scuPA can be cleared which is independent of activation by plasmin or binding to uPA receptor.
Host DNA can interfere with detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in skin biopsy specimens by PCR (1996)

It is demonstrated that a diagnostic PCR for Borrelia burgdorferi can be inhibited in the presence of more than 500 ng of host (monkey skin) DNA. The inhibitor is the host DNA itself. An acceptable value for analytical sensitivity can be obtained by diluting the skin-B. burgdorferi proteinase K lysate to a level below the inhibitory concentration of the host DNA. Dilution of the lysate may obviate the need for further DNA purification.
An Electromagnetic Micro Power Generator for Low Frequency Environmental Vibrations based on the Frequency Up-Conversion Technique (2009)

This paper presents an electromagnetic (EM) vibration-to-electrical power generator, which can efficiently harvest energy from low-frequency external vibrations by using frequency up-conversion. The generator can effectively scavenge energy from low frequency environmental vibrations of 70-150 Hz and generates 0.57 mV voltage with 0.25 nW power from a single cantilever at a vibration frequency of 95 Hz. The fabricated generator size is 8.5 times 7 times 2.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and a total number of 20 serially connected cantilevers have been used to multiply the generated voltage and power. The performance of the generator is also compared with a same sized traditional magnet-coil type generator to prove its effectiveness.
A pre-corrected FFT algorithm for fast electromagnetic modeling of three-dimensional integrated passives in multilayered substrates (2009)

A novel fast algorithm for accurate broadband electromagnetic analysis of 3-D passives embedded in multilayered media is presented. The electromagnetic boundary-value-problem for the interconnect layout embedded in silicon substrates is formulated in terms of Michalski-Zhang's formulation C for the Mixed-Potential-Integral-Equation (MPIE). The MPIE is discretized using the Rao-Wilton-Glisson (RWG) basis. The numerical solution of the discretized MPIE is accelerated using a novel 3-D pre-corrected FFT (PFFT) algorithm. Unlike previously known 2.5-D versions of the algorithm that ignore vertical currents the proposed methodology accounts for 3-D features of the interconnect layout such as conductor sidewalls and vias. The low-frequency instability of MPIE is eliminated through loop-tree decomposition of the RWG basis allowing for full-wave 3D modeling from DC to multi-GHz frequencies in layered media.
The Biosynthetic Origins of Rebeccamycin (1988)

Experimental evidence is presented to demonstrate that the antitumor-antibiotic rebeccamycin is biosynthesized by Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes from one unit of glucose, one of methionine, and two of tryptophan. Evidence is presented that suggests that the alpha-amino group of neither tryptophan unit provides the nitrogen of the phthalimide system.
Complete-abrasive-free process for copper damascene interconnection (2002)

Complete-abrasive-free process for copper (Cu) damascene interconnection has been developed. The process is a combination of a newly developed abrasive-free chemical polishing (AFP) of Cu and dry etching of a barrier metal layer. Complete stop-on-barrier characteristics of Cu polishing are attained by using the new polishing agent and a polyurethane polishing pad. This combination produces a very clean, scratch-free, anticorrosive polished surface, and the total depth of erosion and dishing is reduced to less than one fifth of that produced by conventional slurries even after 100% over polishing. And it is shown that the developed AFP significantly reduces both Cu line resistance and its deviation.
Growth of Defect-Free 3C-SiC on 4H- and 6H-SiC Mesas Using Step-Free Surface Heteroepitaxy (2002)

A new growth process, herein named step-free surface heteroepitaxy, has achieved 3C-SiC films completely free of double positioning boundaries and stacking faults on 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC substrate mesas. The process is based upon the initial 2-dimensional nucleation and lateral expansion of a single island of 3C-SiC on a 4H- or 6H-SiC mesa surface that is completely free of bilayer surface steps. Our experimental results indicate that substrate-epilayer in-plane lattice mismatch (Delta/a = 0.0854% for 3C/4H) is at least partially relieved parallel to the interface in the initial bilayers of the heterofilm, producing an at least partially relaxed 3C-SiC film without dislocations that undesirably thread through the thickness of the epilayer. This result should enable realization of improved 3C-SiC devices.
Wiring up Liquid Metal: Stable and Robust Electrical Contacts Enabled by Printable Graphene Inks (2017)

Abstract Gallium‐based liquid metal alloys (GaLMAs) are a unique class of advanced materials with the potential to offer unprecedented opportunities in stretchable and reconfigurable electronics. Despite their promise, the development of liquid metal electronics must overcome several challenges for widespread application. In particular, stable electrical contacts have been identified as a critical challenge for the integration of GaLMAs in electronic circuits and systems. Since gallium alloys rapidly with most metals, GaLMAs lead to unstable or mechanically sensitive interfaces when combined with metal electrodes or interconnects, thereby preventing the reliable integration of eutectic gallium‐indium (eGaIn) functionality with conventional electronics. Here, printed graphene is demonstrated as a reliable and high‐performance interfacial layer to enable electrical connections to eGaIn. A thin film (≈100 nm) of graphene printed between conventional silver leads and eGaIn acts as a physical barrier, effectively passivating the surface against alloying while retaining the ability to conduct current across the interface. Moreover, graphene interfacial contacts offer excellent durability, with thermal stability to 300 °C, robust tolerance to mechanical bending, and chemical inertness. By leveraging this unique strategy to stabilize liquid metal contacts, a reconfigurable liquid metal electrical switch is fabricated with significantly improved longevity.
Single‐Molecule Mechanochemical Sensing Using DNA Origami Nanostructures (2014)

Abstract While single‐molecule sensing offers the ultimate detection limit, its throughput is often restricted as sensing events are carried out one at a time in most cases. 2D and 3D DNA origami nanostructures are used as expanded single‐molecule platforms in a new mechanochemical sensing strategy. As a proof of concept, six sensing probes are incorporated in a 7‐tile DNA origami nanoassembly, wherein binding of a target molecule to any of these probes leads to mechanochemical rearrangement of the origami nanostructure, which is monitored in real time by optical tweezers. Using these platforms, 10 p M platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) are detected within 10 minutes, while demonstrating multiplex sensing of the PDGF and a target DNA in the same solution. By tapping into the rapid development of versatile DNA origami nanostructures, this mechanochemical platform is anticipated to offer a long sought solution for single‐molecule sensing with improved throughput.
Compact All-Fiber Wavelength Filter Synthesis For 1300/1550 Nm Demultiplexing Isolation (1989)

A model for in-line spectral filters using the tapering technique on single-mode fibers is developed. The filters are designed to provide additional isolation to the 1300 nm / 1550 nm demultiplexing fused couplers.
Service Registry with Advanced Search Capability (2010)

A new method is described which allow a service registry to return the intended service information even when the exact name or id of the service is not known to the user of the registry. The method comprises parsing the input service name into constituent words, constructing all equivalent service names by using synonyms of the constituent words, and returning the service information to the user when any one of the constructed names matches the name of a service in the registry.
Phase-Doppler Diagnostic Studies of Primary and Tertiary Aerosols Produced by a High-Efficiency Nebulizer (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase-Doppler Diagnostic Studies of Primary and Tertiary Aerosols Produced by a High-Efficiency NebulizerHuiying. Liu and Akbar. MontaserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 19, 3233–3242Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00091a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00091a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the self-absorption reduction of minor elements in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-stimulated absorption (2017)

This paper describes the quantitative evaluation of the self-absorption reduction of minor elements in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with laser-stimulated absorption.
Scale-Insensitive Detection Algorithm for FLIR Imagery (2001)

Abstract : This report describes an algorithm for detecting military vehicles in FLIR imagery that will be used as a prescreener to eliminate large areas of the image from further analysis. The output is a list of likely target locations with confidence numbers to be sent to a more complex clutter-rejection algorithm for analysis. The algorithm uses simple features and is intended to be applicable to a wide variety of target-sensor geometries sensor configurations, and applications.
Structure-Activity Relationship of 6-Methylidene Penems Bearing 6,5 Bicyclic Heterocycles as Broad-Spectrum β-Lactamase Inhibitors:  Evidence for 1,4-Thiazepine Intermediates with C7 R Stereochemistry by Computational Methods (2006)

The design and synthesis of a series of 6-methylidene penems containing [6,5]-fused bicycles (thiophene, imidazole, or pyrazle-fused system) as novel class A, B, and C beta-lactamase inhibitors is described. These penems proved to be potent inhibitors of the TEM-1 (class A) and AmpC (class C) beta-lactamases and less so against the class B metallo-beta-lactamase CcrA. Their in vitro and in vivo activities in combination with piperacillin are discussed. On the basis of the crystallographic structures of a serine-bound reaction intermediate of 2 with SHV-1 (class A) and GC1 (class C) enzymes, compounds 14a-l were designed and synthesized. Penems are proposed to form a seven-membered 1,4 thiazepine ring in both class A and C beta-lactamases. The interaction energy calculation for the enzyme-bound intermediates favor the formation of the C7 R enantiomer over the S enantiomer of the 1,4-thiazepine in both beta-lactamases, which is consistent with those obtained from the crystal structure of 2 with SHV-1 and GC1.
Definition of the Extended Substrate Specificity Determinants for β-Tryptases I and II (2001)

Tryptases betaI and betaII were heterologously expressed and purified in yeast to functionally characterize the substrate specificity of each enzyme. Three positional scanning combinatorial tetrapeptide substrate libraries were used to determine the primary and extended substrate specificity of the proteases. Both enzymes have a strict primary preference for cleavage after the basic amino acids, lysine and arginine, with only a slight preference for lysine over arginine. betaI and betaII tryptase share similar extended substrate specificity, with preference for proline at P4, preference for arginine or lysine at P3, and P2 showing a slight preference for asparagine. Measurement of kinetic constants with multiple substrates designed for beta-tryptases reveal that selectivity is highly dependent on ground state substrate binding. Coupled with the functional determinants, structural determinants of tryptase substrate specificity were identified. Molecular docking of the preferred substrate sequence to the three-dimensional tetrameric tryptase structure reveals a novel extended substrate binding mode that involves interactions from two adjacent protomers, including P4 Thr-96', P3 Asp-60B' and Glu-217, and P1 Asp-189. Based on the determined substrate information, a mechanism-based tetrapeptide-chloromethylketone inhibitor was designed and shown to be a potent tryptase inhibitor. Finally, the cleavage sites of several physiologically relevant substrates of beta-tryptases show consistency with the specificity data presented here.
<i>Arabidopsis thaliana PAD4</i> encodes a lipase-like gene that is important for salicylic acid signaling (1999)

The Arabidopsis PAD4 gene previously was found to be required for expression of multiple defense responses including camalexin synthesis and PR-1 gene expression in response to infection by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. This report describes the isolation of PAD4. The predicted PAD4 protein sequence displays similarity to triacyl glycerol lipases and other esterases. The PAD4 transcript was found to accumulate after P. syringae infection or treatment with salicylic acid (SA). PAD4 transcript levels were very low in infected pad4 mutants. Treatment with SA induced expression of PAD4 mRNA in pad4-1, pad4-3, and pad4-4 plants but not in pad4-2 plants. Induction of PAD4 expression by P. syringae was independent of the regulatory factor NPR1 but induction by SA was NPR1-dependent. Taken together with the previous observation that pad4 mutants have a defect in accumulation of SA upon pathogen infection, these results suggest that PAD4 participates in a positive regulatory loop that increases SA levels, thereby activating SA-dependent defense responses.