gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Noise Filtering for $X$ -Band GaN Transmitters With Bitstream Modulations (2017)

Bitstream transmitters based on bandpass or envelope delta-sigma modulation promise high power efficiency for broadband communications with nonconstant-envelope modulations, but at the price of elevated quantization noise. An active noise filtering technique is proposed in this paper to address the quantization noise issue of such transmitters. The essential concept of active noise cancellation is to utilize multiple power amplifiers (PAs) with identical or similar transfer characteristics fed with the same input, but with different time delays. The difference in time delay determines whether the outputs of the PAs are combined in phase or out of phase at a certain frequency, which forms the passband or the stopband of the active filter. The active noise filtering technique can potentially replace the external high-Q passive bandpass filter typically needed for such transmitters. A two-channel bitstream transmitter with active noise cancellation operating at the X-band is fabricated with 0.25-μm discrete GaN HEMT devices. It has been demonstrated experimentally that the proposed active noise filtering architecture effectively suppresses quantization noise as expected and delivers a 34.5-dBm output power with 37.6% drain efficiency and 30% power added efficiency for a single-channel WCDMA signal with 100-MHz bandwidth and 5.3-dB peak-to-average ratio. Adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) at 100-MHz offsets is measured to be 36.6/35.4 dBc without using digital predistortion.
Evaluation of an MR-compatible blood sampler for PET (2010)

The integration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) is an upcoming hybrid imaging technique. Prototype scanners for pre-clinical and clinical research have been built and tested. However, the potential of the PET part can be better exploited if the arterial input function (AIF) of the administered tracer is known. This work presents a dedicated MR-compatible blood sampling system for precise measurement of the AIF in an MR-PET study. The device basically consists of an LSO/APD-detector assembly which performs a coincidence measurement of the annihilation photons resulting from positron decays. During the measurement, arterial blood is drawn continuously from an artery and lead through the detector unit. Besides successful tests of the MR compatibility and the detector performance, measurements of the AIF of rats have been carried out. The results show that the developed blood sampling system is a practical and reliable tool for measuring the AIF in MR-PET studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Series of 1′‐Cyclobutyl‐6‐(4‐piperidyloxy)spiro[benzopyran‐2,4′‐piperidine] Derivatives as High Affinity and Selective Histamine‐3 Receptor (H<sub>3</sub>R) Antagonists. (2012)

Abstract A series of title compounds of type (VII) is prepared.
CIRCULARLY POLARIZED SPIDRON FRACTAL SLOT ANTENNA ARRAYS FOR BROADBAND SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN KU-BAND (2013)

In this paper, a novel circularly polarized Spidron fractal slot antenna array developed for broadband satellite communication in the Ku-band is discussed. A Spidron fractal slot configuration was utilized as a single radiating element to achieve circularly polarized radiation. The effects of altering the feeding position on the resonance behavior and the radiative characteristics were assessed.
Turbo FISH: A Method for Rapid Single Molecule RNA FISH (2013)

Advances in RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) have allowed practitioners to detect individual RNA molecules in single cells via fluorescence microscopy, enabling highly accurate and sensitive quantification of gene expression. However, current methods typically employ hybridization times on the order of 2-16 hours, limiting its potential in applications like rapid diagnostics. We present here a set of conditions for RNA FISH (dubbed Turbo RNA FISH) that allow us to make accurate measurements with no more than 5 minutes of hybridization time and 3 minutes of washing, and show that hybridization times can go as low as 30 seconds while still producing quantifiable images. We further show that rapid hybridization is compatible with our recently developed iceFISH and SNP FISH variants of RNA FISH that enable chromosome and single base discrimination, respectively. Our method is simple and cost effective, and has the potential to dramatically increase the throughput and realm of applicability of RNA FISH.
Structure-guided Antigen Engineering Yields Pneumolysin Mutants Suitable for Vaccination against Pneumococcal Disease (2011)

Pneumolysin (PLY) is a cholesterol-binding, pore-forming protein toxin. It is an important virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae and a key vaccine target against pneumococcal disease. We report a systematic structure-driven approach that solves a long-standing problem for vaccine development in this field: detoxification of PLY with retention of its antigenic integrity. Using three conformational restraint techniques, we rationally designed variants of PLY that lack hemolytic activity and yet induce neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type toxin. These results represent a key milestone toward a broad-spectrum protein-based pneumococcal vaccine and illustrate the value of structural knowledge in formulating effective strategies for antigen optimization.
Reaction Mechanism of a New Glycosyltrehalose-producing Enzyme Isolated from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeum,<i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i>KM1 (1996)

Amylolytic activity, which converts soluble starch to α,α-trehalose (trehalose), was found in the cell homogenate of the hyperthermophilic acidophilic archaeum, Sulfolobus solfataricus KM1. Two enzymes, a glycosyltransferase and an α-amylase, which were essential for this activity were identified. The α-amylase was purified to homogeneity on SDS-PAGE. The α-amylase catalyzed the hydrolysis of glycosyltrehaloses to trehalose. Analysis of the reaction products, kinetic parameters, and experimental findings using (3)H-labeIed substrates indicated that the α-amylase hydrolyzed only the α-1,4 glucosidic linkage adjacent to the trehalose unit of the glycosyltrehaloses. Six strains of the Sulfolobaceae family examined were observed to have the glycosyltrehalose-hydrolyzing enzyme, the α-amylase.
Efficient resource management in OFDMA Femto cells (2009)

Femto cells are a cost-effective means of providing ubiquitous connectivity in future broadband wireless networks. While their primary purpose has been to improve coverage in current solutions, their decreased cell sizes in turn also provide improved cell capacity through increased spatial reuse. The demand for bandwidth-intensive IP services will soon necessitate the need to tap into this improved capacity. However, the lack of direct coordination between the macro and femto cells, and the completely distributed nature of femto cells make this an extremely challenging task. In this work, we address this challenge by providing efficient resource management solutions for OFDMA-based femto cells along with performance guarantees. In the process, we consider two models that tradeoff performance and overhead. We also propose a novel location-based resource management solution for leveraging maximal spatial reuse from femto cells. Our comprehensive evaluations indicate that in addition to providing improved coverage indoors, with carefully designed resource management solutions that leverage spatial reuse, femto cells have a great potential to increase the system performance by two folds.
Polarization Matching Mixer For The Coherent Detection Of Lights (1988)

A technique is described for using polarization beamsplitters to mix the signal and local oscillator light beams in coherent differential detection systems. When the signal polarization and alignment states are uncertain, this scheme offers performance improvements over techniques using amplitude beamsplitters. In its most elaborate form, it offers the possibility of sensing the polarization state of the incoming signal, and therefore controlling it in the receiver.
High-efficiency solar cells based on micro-nano scale structures (2010)

Higher efficiency solar cells are required to reduce solar array mass, stowed volume, and cost for numerous commercial and military applications. Conventional solar cell made of thin-film or crystal-Si (c-Si) or other thin films have limited conversion efficiency of 10 to 20% with the cost of $3-$5/Wp. Current state-of-the-art crystalline multijunction solar cells are ~30 % efficient with the cost of $30 to $40 /Wp. Increasing conversion efficiency of > 30% will enable to reduce the cost < $1/Wp and useful for various power platforms supporting mobile wireless, laptop, tent applications. Solar cell comprises with three dimensional blocks are shown to be higher conversion-efficiency than standard flat-type solar cell. Incorporating nano-scaled blocks in solar cell structures are shown to be increased performances due to (i) increase of the surface area to volume ratio, (ii) brining the junction closer to the carrier generation region which eliminate the carrier recombination , (iii) absorption of all incident photon flux, and (iv) broadening the absorption spectrum. Our activities on next generation high performance solar cells based on micro-nano scaled structures and various material systems will be presented. Details fabrication process of micro-nano scaled solar cell friendly to mass scale manufacturing will be also be described. We have achieved more than 20x optical performance enhancement for the solar cell based on micro-scaled structures, than that of flat-type (standard) solar cell, fabricated on the same Si substrate and same process. Simulation results showed that significant improvement in conversion efficiency more than 30% is possible for even c-Si solar cell based on the micro-nano scaled structures. Key issues and challenges for bringing it to the manufacturing will be discussed.
Lead telluride alloy thermoelectrics (2011)

The opportunity to use solid-state thermoelectrics for waste heat recovery has reinvigorated the field of thermoelectrics in tackling the challenges of energy sustainability. While thermoelectric generators have decades of proven reliability in space, from the 1960s to the present, terrestrial uses have so far been limited to niche applications on Earth because of a relatively low material efficiency. Lead telluride alloys were some of the first materials investigated and commercialized for generators but their full potential for thermoelectrics has only recently been revealed to be far greater than commonly believed. By reviewing some of the past and present successes of PbTe as a thermoelectric material we identify the issues for achieving maximum performance and successful band structure engineering strategies for further improvements that can be applied to other thermoelectric materials systems.
Enhancement of block transform coded images using residual spectra adaptive postfiltering (2002)

Image block transform techniques usually introduce several types of spatial periodic distortion which are mostly noticeable at low bit rates. One way to reduce these artifacts to obtain an acceptable visual quality level is to postfilter the decoded images using nonlinear space-variant adaptive filters derived from the structural relationships and residual spectral information provided by the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) of block transforms such as the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the lapped orthogonal transform (LOT). A method for analyzing and filtering the DCT blocking noise and the LOT ringing noise for moderate and highly compressed images is described and several test cases are presented. A generalized Fourier analysis of the block transform distortion as seen in the frequency domain is discussed in conjunction with an outline of a separable adaptive postfiltering algorithm for decoded image enhancement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Interaction of TSH Receptor Autoantibodies with 125I-Labelled TSH Receptor (1999)

Detergent-solubilized porcine TSH receptor (TSHR) has been labeled with 125I using a monoclonal antibody to the C-terminal domain of the receptor. The ability of sera containing TSHR autoantibody to immunoprecipitate the labeled receptor was then investigated. Sera negative for TSHR autoantibody (as judged by assays based on inhibition of labeled TSH binding to detergent-solubilized porcine TSHR) immunoprecipitated about 4% of the labeled receptor, whereas sera with high levels of receptor autoantibody immunoprecipitated more than 25% of the labeled receptor. The ability to immunoprecipitate labeled TSHR correlated well with ability of the sera to inhibit labeled TSH binding to the receptor (r = 0.92; n = 63), and this is consistent with TSHR autoantibodies in these samples being directed principally to a region of the receptor closely related to the TSH binding site. Preincubation of labeled TSHR with unlabeled TSH before reaction with test sera inhibited the immunoprecipitation reaction, providing further evidence for a close relationship between the TSHR autoantibody binding site(s) and the TSH binding site. This was the case whether the sera had TSH agonist (i.e., thyroid stimulating) or TSH antagonist (i.e., blocking) activities, thus, providing no clear evidence for different regions of the TSHR being involved in forming the binding site(s) for TSHR autoantibodies with stimulating and with blocking activities. The ability of TSHR autoantibodies to stimulate cyclic AMP production in isolated porcine thyroid cells was compared with their ability to immunoprecipitate labeled porcine TSHR. A significant correlation was observed (r = 0.58; n = 50; P < 0.001) and the correlation was improved when stimulation of cyclic AMP production was compared with inhibition of labeled TSH binding to porcine TSHR (r = 0.76). Overall, our results indicate that TSHR autoantibodies bind principally to a region on the TSHR closely related to the TSH binding site, and this seems to be the case whether the autoantibodies act as TSH agonists or antagonists.
Design of New Electron Acceptor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics: Synthesis, Electron Transport, Photophysics, and Photovoltaic Properties of Oligothiophene-Functionalized Naphthalene Diimides (2011)

A homologous series of six novel oligothiophene–naphthalene diimide-based oligomer semiconductors with a donor–acceptor architecture, NDI-nTH (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) and NDI-nT (n = 2, 3), was synthesized and used to explore a set of criteria for the design of non-fullerene electron acceptor materials for organic solar cells. Thin films of the oligomer semiconductors had optical band gaps that varied from 2.1 eV in NDI-1TH and 1.6 eV in NDI-3TH to 1.4 eV in NDI-4TH, demonstrating good potential for light harvesting and exciton generation. The LUMO energy levels of the oligomer semiconductors were similar (ca. −4.0 eV), but the HOMO levels varied from −5.5 eV in NDI-3TH and NDI-4TH to −6.1 eV in NDI-1TH, showing that suitable energy band offsets necessary for efficient photoinduced charge transfer could be achieved with current donor polymers. Single-crystal X-ray structures of NDI-3TH and NDI-4TH showed a slipped face-to-face π-stacking with short intermolecular distances (0.321–0.326 nm), which enabled facile self-assembly of single-crystalline nanowires from solution. Spin coated thin films of NDI-nTH and NDI-nT were mostly crystalline and had field-effect electron mobilities of up to (2–9) × 10–4 cm2/(V s). Bulk heterojunction solar cells incorporating one of the n-type oligomer semiconductors as the electron acceptor and poly(3-hexylthiophene) as the electron donor showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.5% with an open circuit voltage of 0.82 V and a bicontinuous nanoscale morphology.
Strengthening Authentication with Privacy-Preserving Location Verification of Mobile Phones (2015)

Mobile devices are increasingly used in security-sensitive contexts such as physical access control and authorization of payment transactions. In this paper we contribute a mechanism to verify whether a mobile device currently resides within a geographical area at a given time, thus enabling the use of the location as an additional authentication factor. Trustworthiness, privacy, and practicability are central to our mechanism. In particular, to provide trustworthy location information, our mechanism uses the location of the phone as detected by the Mobile Network Operator instead of relying on the location detected by the phone itself, which can be manipulated. We have followed a privacy-by-design approach to ensure that sensitive information, e.g., location and subscriber data, are only revealed to parties with a need to know. Privacy safeguards are realized using anonymous credentials, an established privacy-enhancing technology. Finally, our mechanism is practical and has little requirements on the mobile phone beyond the ability to run computations on anonymous credentials, as well as Internet and mobile network connectivity. These requirements are fulfilled by most smartphones in the market.
Regulating the Regulators: microRNA and Asthma (2011)

One obstacle to developing an effective therapeutic strategy to treat or prevent asthma is that the fundamental causes of asthma are not totally understood. Asthma is thought to be a chronic TH2 immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Epigenetic changes are recognized to play a role in the initiation and maintenance of a TH2 response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression, and their expression is highly regulated, therefore, deregulation of miRNAs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Profiling circulating miRNA might provide the highest specificity and sensitivity to diagnose asthma; similarly, correcting potential defects in the miRNA regulation network may lead to new therapeutic modalities to treat this disease.
A novel technique for beam squint cancellation in planar reflectors (1998)

Due to the frequency dependence of phasing mechanisms applied in planar printed reflectors, such antennas are prone to beam squint as the frequency is scanned within the operating band. A novel technique is introduced in this paper to cancel the beam squint due to frequency sweep. Another reflector is used to cancel the beam squint within the operating band. The results are compared with the beam squint of a conventional planar reflector in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested technique.
Interplay between Protective and Inhibitory Antibodies Dictates the Outcome of Experimentally Disseminated Candidiasis in Recipients of a<i>Candida albicans</i>Vaccine (2002)

Mice immunized with heat-inactivated, whole yeast-form cells (Y cells) of Candida albicans developed intense, specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. However, they were modestly protected against a lethal challenge by the fungus, and their sera did not confer passive protection upon nonimmunized animals. Surprisingly, this immune serum conferred an elevated degree of passive protection to normal and SCID mice when preadsorbed on whole C. albicans cells. After adsorption, no antibodies specific to mannoprotein (MP)-rich extracts or secretions were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and no serum reaction with the fungal cell surface was seen in immunofluorescence assays. However, this serum had totally preserved the level of other antibodies, in particular those reacting with beta-1,3 and beta-1,6 glucan (GG). The hypothesis that anti-GG antibodies contributed to the passive protection was suggested by the following circumstantial evidence: (i) mice immunized with C. albicans cells treated with dithiothreitol and protease (YDP cells), which exposed GG on their surfaces and generated anti-GG but not anti-MP antibodies, were substantially protected against a lethal fungus challenge; (ii) the sera, and their immunoglobulin fractions, of mice immunized with YDP cells transferred protection to nonimmune animals; and (iii) this passive protection was substantially abolished by preadsorption on GG but not on intact cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that some anti-Candida antibodies can block the protective potential of immune serum, a potential to which anti-GG antibodies appear to contribute. Our observations may also help explain why subjects with elevated anti-Candida antibody titers, inclusive of anti-MP and anti-GG antibodies, remain nonetheless susceptible to invasive candidiasis.
Adaptive digital noise-cancellation filtering using cross-correlators for continuous-time MASH ADC in 28nm CMOS (2017)

This paper presents an adaptive digital noise cancellation filter (DNCF) using cross-correlation (XCORR) developed for continuous-time (CT) multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) ADCs. The XCORR engine continuously estimates the transfer functions of ΔΣ sub-loops and updates the coefficients for the DNCF. An ADC prototype with this engine is built in 28nm CMOS and it achieves 72dB of dynamic range over 440MHz BW, with a total power of 1.25W from 1V and 1.8V supplies. Comparing to a power-up least-mean squares (LMS) engine, the XCORR-based adaptive DNCF achieves 2dB better noise cancellation across up to 10% supply variations.
Noninvasive optical tomographic imaging by speckle ensemble (2005)

We survey recently invented methods of optical tomographic imaging through scattering medium. The three-dimensional structure of an object hidden between two biological tissues is recovered from many noisy speckle pictures obtained on the output of a multi-channeled optical imaging system.
Piano music transcription with fast convolutional sparse coding (2015)

Automatic music transcription (AMT) is the process of converting an acoustic musical signal into a symbolic musical representation, such as a MIDI file, which contains the pitches, the onsets and offsets of the notes and, possibly, their dynamics and sources (i.e., instruments). Most existing algorithms for AMT operate in the frequency domain, which introduces the well known time/frequency resolution trade-off of the Short Time Fourier Transform and its variants. In this paper, we propose a time-domain transcription algorithm based on an efficient convolutional sparse coding algorithm in an instrument-specific scenario, i.e., the dictionary is trained and tested on the same piano. The proposed method outperforms a current state-of-the-art AMT method by over 26% in F-measure, achieving a median F-measure of 93.6%, and drastically increases both time and frequency resolutions, especially for the lowest octaves of the piano keyboard.
Anomaly intrusion detection based on biometrics (2005)

In this work we introduce the idea of using behavioral biometrics in intrusion detection applications. We propose a new approach to user profiling, which can be used to detect intrusion without the need for any special hardware implementation and without forcing the user to perform any special actions. The technique is based on using "keystroke dynamics" and "mouse dynamics" biometrics. The profiles computed in this case are more accurate than those obtained through the traditional statistical profiling techniques, since they are based on distinctive biological characteristics of users.