gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance PQFP (2003)

The design of a high-performance plastic quad flat back (PQFP) is described. It is a multilayer package designed to provide a high level of electrical and thermal performance. The design maintains the JEDEC standard package outline; the changes are internal to the plastic body of the PQFP. A pair of parallel metal planes is added to serve as the power and ground paths for the device. By replacing a substantial portion of the highly inductive leads by the plane and shorting all V/sub cc/ or V/sub ss/ leads through their respective planes the power-group loop inductance is reduced significantly. The planes increase the power-ground capacitance by approximately 500% while lowering the capacitive coupling between leads. The planes spread the heat generated by the IC chip over the total area of the package, reducing the package thermal resistance and eliminating the need for internal heats conductors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lag and ghosting in a clinical flat-panel selenium digital mammography system (2006)

We present measurements of lag and ghosting in a FDA-approved digital mammography system that uses a dielectric/selenium based detector structure. Lag is the carryover of signal from a previous image, whereas ghosting is the reduction of sensitivity caused by previous exposure history of the detector. Data from six selenium units were acquired. For the type of selenium detector tested, and under typical clinical usage conditions, the lag was as high as 0.15% of source signal and the ghosting could be as high as 15%. The amount of lag and ghosting varied from unit to unit. Results were compared with data acquired on a phosphor-based full-field digital mammography system. Modifications in the technology of the selenium detectors appear to have resulted in a marked decrease in both lag and ghosting effects in more recent systems.
Obstacles and Pedestrian Detection on a Moving Vehicle (2014)

We present a new method for obstacle and pedestrian detection with lower computation complexity and higher detection performance on a small target. By calculating stereo disparity according to the road parameters, our system efficiently detects objects above the ground. Experiments on over 10,000 images captured in urban areas demonstrate our method's effectiveness. We also propose a multi-scale compatible pedestrian detector. Detection speed is improved by avoiding size adjustment of input. Experiments on three public pedestrian databases and our HENU database show that our detector achieves better results than the state-of-the-art detection quality at equal speed, especially on pedestrian target with small size.
Tunable light emission using quantum dot-coated upconverters (2008)

Near infrared (NIR) upconverters only emit at a single visible wavelength; coating them with quantum dot multilayers allows the emission wavelength to be tuned across the visible spectrum.
Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 regulate DNA replication and DNA repair: potential targets for genome stability-mechanism-based therapeutics for a subset of cancers (2015)

Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1,2) belong to the class I HDAC family, which are targeted by the FDA-approved small molecule HDAC inhibitors currently used in cancer therapy. HDAC1,2 are recruited to DNA break sites during DNA repair and to chromatin around forks during DNA replication. Cancer cells use DNA repair and DNA replication as survival mechanisms and to evade chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity. Hence, it is vital to understand how HDAC1,2 function during the genome maintenance processes (DNA replication and DNA repair) in order to gain insights into the mode-of-action of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapeutics. The first-in-class HDAC1,2-selective inhibitors and Hdac1,2 conditional knockout systems greatly facilitated dissecting the precise mechanisms by which HDAC1,2 control genome stability in normal and cancer cells. In this perspective, I summarize the findings on the mechanistic functions of class I HDACs, specifically, HDAC1,2 in genome maintenance, unanswered questions for future investigations and views on how this knowledge could be harnessed for better-targeted cancer therapeutics for a subset of cancers.
Role of the Host Defense System and Intestinal Microbial Flora in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2009)

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease that affects primarily the intestine of premature infants. Despite recent advances in neonatology, NEC remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Neonatal mucosal defenses and adherence of bacterial pathogens may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NEC. Methods: Review and synthesis of pertinent literature. Results: Putative factors that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NEC include abnormal patterns of gut colonization by bacteria, immaturity of the host immune system and mucosal defense mechanisms, intestinal ischemia, formula feeding, and loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Conclusion: Host defenses and intestinal microbial ecology are believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of NEC. Commensal bacteria and probiotic therapy may be of therapeutic utility in the maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier.
Terpenoid Constituents of Morphologically Similar Sponges in the Family Aplysillidae (1986)

The sponge Darwinella sp, contains the known compounds ambliofuran (4) and aplysulphurin (3), and the new compound tetrahydroaplysulphurin-1 (5). Darwinella oxeata collected from various locations around New Zealand, contains aplysulphurin (3) and the new compounds tetrahydroaplysulphurins-1 (5), -2 (6), and -3 (7). Dendrilla rosea which is morphologically similar to the Darwinella sp. above, contains the known compounds ambliofuran (4), aplyroseols-1 (8),-2 (9),-3 (10),-5(11),-6 (12), and -7(15), as well as the new compounds dendrillol-1 (13), dendrillol-2 (14), dendrillol-3 (17) and dendrillol-4 (18). The structure of dendrillol-1 (13) has been confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray determination.
Bat Guano Virome: Predominance of Dietary Viruses from Insects and Plants plus Novel Mammalian Viruses (2010)

Bats are hosts to a variety of viruses capable of zoonotic transmissions. Because of increased contact between bats, humans, and other animal species, the possibility exists for further cross-species transmissions and ensuing disease outbreaks. We describe here full and partial viral genomes identified using metagenomics in the guano of bats from California and Texas. A total of 34% and 58% of 390,000 sequence reads from bat guano in California and Texas, respectively, were related to eukaryotic viruses, and the largest proportion of those infect insects, reflecting the diet of these insectivorous bats, including members of the viral families Dicistroviridae, Iflaviridae, Tetraviridae, and Nodaviridae and the subfamily Densovirinae. The second largest proportion of virus-related sequences infects plants and fungi, likely reflecting the diet of ingested insects, including members of the viral families Luteoviridae, Secoviridae, Tymoviridae, and Partitiviridae and the genus Sobemovirus. Bat guano viruses related to those infecting mammals comprised the third largest group, including members of the viral families Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Poxviridae, Astroviridae, and Coronaviridae. No close relative of known human viral pathogens was identified in these bat populations. Phylogenetic analysis was used to clarify the relationship to known viral taxa of novel sequences detected in bat guano samples, showing that some guano viral sequences fall outside existing taxonomic groups. This initial characterization of the bat guano virome, the first metagenomic analysis of viruses in wild mammals using second-generation sequencing, therefore showed the presence of previously unidentified viral species, genera, and possibly families. Viral metagenomics is a useful tool for genetically characterizing viruses present in animals with the known capability of direct or indirect viral zoonosis to humans.
Adipose tissue autophagy related gene expression is associated with glucometabolic status in human obesity (2018)

Adipose tissue autophagy (AT) is associated with human obesity and increased metabolic risk. Recent findings establish a role for autophagy in lipid metabolism. Here, we compared the expression of autophagy-related and lipolysis genes in human abdominal subcutaneous AT (SCAT) in overweight/obese subjects (n = 17) with or without impaired glucose tolerance in comparison with lean normal glucose tolerant individuals (n = 9), and investigated the association between AT autophagy and lipolysis. Human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (hMADS) were used to investigate the effect of pharmacological HSL inhibition on changes in the autophagic flux. The expression of autophagy-related genes (ATG) 5, 7 and 12 in SCAT was significantly higher (p = 0.043, p = 0.015, p = 0.004, respectively) in overweight/obese compared to lean men, while expression of the classical lipases HSL (p = 0.092) and ATGL (p = 0.084) tended to be lower. ATG12 mRNA was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.407, p = 0.039). ATG7 mRNA correlated positively with waist/hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.420, p = 0.041), 2 h glucose concentration (r = 0.488, p = 0.011) and insulin (r = 0.419, p = 0.033). Multiple linear regressions revealed that ATG7 gene expression was positively related to 2 h glucose, independent of BMI, WHR and insulin. Gene expression interaction analysis showed that ATG7 mRNA negatively correlated with HSL (p<0.01) and ATGL mRNA expression (p<0.01). In line, treatment of differentiated hMADS with an HSL inhibitor increased LC3 accumulation, a marker of increased autophagic flux. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that a low expression of classical lipases in abdominal SCAT is accompanied by an increased expression of ATGs in overweight/obese subjects, which seems to be mainly related to glucose tolerance.
VIS2FIX: A High‐Speed Fixation Method for Immuno‐Electron Microscopy (2011)

Immuno-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the technique of choice for high-resolution localization of proteins in fixed specimen. Here we introduce 2 novel methods for the fixation of sections from cryo-immobilized samples that result in excellent ultrastructural preservation. These high-speed fixation techniques, both called VIS2FIX, allow for a reduction in sample preparation time from at least 1 week to only 8 h. The methods were validated in immuno-TEM experiments on THP-1 monocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-II) cells. The fixation and retention of neutral lipids is demonstrated, offering unique prospects for the application of immuno-TEM in the lipidomics field. Furthermore, the VIS2FIX methods were successfully employed in correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy.
Matrix Completion From a Few Entries (2010)

Let M be an n¿ × n matrix of rank r, and assume that a uniformly random subset E of its entries is observed. We describe an efficient algorithm, which we call OptSpace, that reconstructs M from |E| = O(rn) observed entries with relative root mean square error 1/2 RMSE ¿ C(¿) (nr/|E|) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> with probability larger than 1 - 1/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Further, if r = O(1) and M is sufficiently unstructured, then OptSpace reconstructs it exactly from |E| = O(n log n) entries with probability larger than 1 - 1/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . This settles (in the case of bounded rank) a question left open by Candes and Recht and improves over the guarantees for their reconstruction algorithm. The complexity of our algorithm is O(|E|r log n), which opens the way to its use for massive data sets. In the process of proving these statements, we obtain a generalization of a celebrated result by Friedman-Kahn-Szemeredi and Feige-Ofek on the spectrum of sparse random matrices.
Continuous reformer catalyst regeneration technology improved (1988)

Since its introduction in 1971, the continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR) reforming process has been continuously pushed toward lower-pressure operation at equivalent or higher octane severity. Engineering refinement, design innovation, and desirable features discovered through start-up and operating experience, have improved both the operability and profitability of the CCR reforming process. These improvements have been incorporated into revamps of existing semiregenerative reformers, and into the design of a second-generation CCR process. This article traces the technical development of the CCR process, including the revamp of existing units and the second-generation design. An economic summary is also given that compares revamping and the second-generation design to semiregenerative technology.
Temperature insensitive InGaAsP/InP optical filterintegrated with dual photodiodes (1997)

A monolithic temperature insensitive InGaAsP/InP wavelength monitor has been developed for the first time. This wavelength monitor is quite small, ~12 mm×2 mm, and includes a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer and dual photodiodes (PDs). The temperature dependence of this filter is suppressed to ~0.2 Å/°C.
Efficient power estimation for highly correlated input streams (1995)

Power estimation in combinational modules is addressed from a probabilistic point of view. The zero-delay hypothesis is considered and under highly correlated input streams, the activities at the primary outputs and all internal nodes are estimated. For the first time, the relationship between logic and probabilistic domains is investigated and two new concepts - conditional independence and isotropy of signals - are brought into attention. Based on them, a sufficient condition for analyzing complex dependencies is given. In the most general case, the conditional independence problem has been shown to be NP-complete and thus appropriate heuristics are presented to estimate switching activity. Detailed experiments demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. The results reported here are useful in low power design.
The Biological Outcome of CD40 Signaling Is Dependent on the Duration of CD40 Ligand Expression (2002)

CD40 ligand (CD154) expression on activated T cells can be separated into an early TCR-dependent phase, which occurs between 0 and 24 h after activation, and a later extended phase, which occurs after 24 h and is reciprocally regulated by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-12. IL-4 represses, whereas IL-12 sustains CD154 expression. Consistent with this, Th1, but not Th2, cells express CD154 for extended periods. Differences in the duration of CD154 expression have important biological consequences because sustained, but not transient, expression of CD154 on activated T cells can prevent B cell terminal differentiation. Thus, the differential ability of Th cells to sustain CD154 expression is an important part of their helper function and should influence the activities of other CD40-expressing cell types.
Expression of Heparanase in Renal Cell Carcinomas: Implications for Tumor Invasion and Prognosis (2008)

These data suggest that heparanase plays an important role in invasion and metastasis and silencing of the gene might be a potential therapeutic target in clear cell RCCs.
Multi-channel Wind Noise Reduction Using the Corcos Model (2019)

Outdoor recordings of speech are often corrupted by wind noise, which is difficult to reduce due to its high non-stationarity. In this work, a multi-channel wind noise reduction method is presented, based on a joint estimation of the speech and wind noise power spectral densities. In contrast to existing methods that assume uncorrelated wind noise, the estimation phase is performed exploiting the spatial characteristics of wind noise measured by closely-spaced microphones. Here the characteristics are approximated by a fluid-dynamics model, termed the Corcos model. An additional contribution is the employment of a frequency dependent trade-off parameter in the reduction phase, which depends on the ratio of the difference-signal power to the sum-signal power of a sub-set of two microphones. In particular, the trade-off parameter of the parametric multi-channel Wiener filter is used to control the trade-off between noise reduction and speech distortion. The proposed method can be used also to reduce spatially uncorrelated wind noise. An evaluation in terms of speech quality and signal-to-noise ratio improvements is carried out to compare the proposed method to an existing multichannel wind noise reduction method, using recorded and simulated wind noise samples.
Ferroelectric and piezoelectric thin films and their applications for integrated capacitors, piezoelectric ultrasound transducers and piezoelectric switches (2010)

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric thin films are gaining more and more importance for the integration of high performance devices in small modules. High-K 'Integrated Discretes' devices have been developed, which are based on thin film ferroelectric capacitors integrated together with resistors and ESD protection diodes in a small Si-based chip-scale package. Making use of ferroelectric thin films with relative permittivity of 950–1600 and stacking processes of capacitors, extremely high capacitance densities of 20–520 nF/mm2, high breakdown voltages up to 140 V and lifetimes of more than 10 years at operating voltages of 5 V and 85°C are achieved. Thin film high-density capacitors play also an important role as tunable capacitors for applications such as tuneable matching circuits for RF sections of mobile phones. The performance of thin film tuneable capacitors at frequencies between 1 MHz and 1 GHz is investigated. Finally thin film piezoelectric ultrasound transducers, processed in Si– related processes, are attractive for medical imaging, since they enable large bandwidth (>100%), high frequency operation and have the potential to integrate electronics. With these piezoelectric thin film ultrasound transducers real time ultrasound images have been realized. Finally, piezoelectric thin films are used to manufacture galvanic MEMS switches. A model for the quasi-static mechanical behaviour is presented and compared with measurements.
Adjuvant Tamoxifen: Predictors of Use, Side Effects, and Discontinuation in Older Women (2001)

Deviations from a prescribed course of adjuvant tamoxifen occur relatively frequently. The clinical consequences of this deviation need to be identified.
NARF, an Nemo-like Kinase (NLK)-associated Ring Finger Protein Regulates the Ubiquitylation and Degradation of T Cell Factor/Lymphoid Enhancer Factor (TCF/LEF) (2006)

beta-Catenin is a key player in the Wnt signaling pathway, and interacts with cofactor T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) to generate a transcription activator complex that activates Wnt-induced genes. We previously reported that Nemo-like kinase (NLK) negatively regulates Wnt signaling via phosphorylation of TCF/LEF. To further evaluate the physiological roles of NLK, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening to identify NLK-interacting proteins. From this screen, we isolated a novel RING finger protein that we term NARF (NLK associated RING finger protein). Here, we show that NARF induces the ubiquitylation of TCF/LEF in vitro and in vivo, and functions as an E3 ubiquitin-ligase that specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K. We found that NLK augmented NARF binding and ubiquitylation of TCF/LEF, and this required NLK kinase activity. The ubiquitylated TCF/LEF was subsequently degraded by the proteasome. Furthermore, NARF inhibited formation of the secondary axis induced by the ectopic expression of beta-catenin in Xenopus embryos. Collectively, our findings raise the possibility that NARF functions as a novel ubiquitin-ligase to suppress the Wnt-beta-catenin signaling.
Diagnosing and managing unstable angina. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. (1994)

This Quick Reference Guide for Clinicians contains recommendations on the care of patients with unstable angina based on a combination of evidence obtained through extensive literature reviews and consensus among members of a private-sector, expert panel. Principal conclusions include: Many patients suspected of having unstable angina can be discharged home after adequate initial evaluation. Further outpatient evaluation may be scheduled for up to 72 hours after initial presentation for patients with clinical symptoms of unstable angina judged at initial evaluation to be at low risk for complications. Patients with acute ischemic heart disease judged to be at intermediate or high risk of complications should be hospitalized for careful monitoring of their clinical course. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy should not be administered to patients without evidence of acute myocardial infarction. Assessment of prognosis by noninvasive testing often aids selection of appropriate therapy. Coronary angiography is appropriate for patients judged to be at high risk for cardiac complications or death based on their clinical course or results of noninvasive testing. Coronary artery bypass surgery should be recommended for almost all patients with left main disease and many patients with three-vessel disease, especially those with left ventricular dysfunction. The discharge care plan should include continued monitoring of symptoms; appropriate drug therapy, including aspirin; risk-factor modification; and counseling.
Simultaneous silencing of multiple RB and p53 pathway members induces cell cycle reentry in intact human pancreatic islets (2014)

At least three genes can be effectively suppressed simultaneously in cultured intact human pancreatic islets without disruption of islet architecture or overt alterations in function. This enabled the effective modulation of two central growth control pathways resulting in the phenotypic outcome of cell cycle reentry in postmitotic islet cells. Transient exposure to multiple siRNAs is an effective approach to modify islets for study with the potential to aid clinical applications.
인구구조의 변화와 새로운 법규범의 요청 : 저출산 고령사회기본법 비판 (2019)

이 논문은 한국 사회에서 급속하게 전개되고 있는 인구구조 변화와 관련하여 이에 대응하는 법제를 저출산 고령사회기본법을 중심으로 비판적으로 검토함으로써, 인구구조 변동의 진원지로서 가족의 변화에 대한 새로운 법규범의 필요성을 진단한다. 한국의 합계출산율은 유례를 찾기 어려울 정도로 낮은 수준을 나타내고 있으며, 고령화의 속도 역시 전 세계에서 가장 빠른 속도를 보이고 있다. 그 근저에는 만혼, 비혼의 증가 등 가족구성의 주요 기제인 혼인 상의 변화와 함께 이혼, 분거가족을 비롯한 비전형 가족의 증가를 포함하여 가족 및 가구구성에서 나타나는 중요한 변화가 작동하고 있다. 이 같은 추세는 일시적이거나 잠정적인 것이 아니며, 보편혼주의적인 결혼관의 약화와 기존의 ‘정상가족’ 모델의 해체 등에 의해 가족의 실질적 변화는 더욱 심화될 것으로 전망된다. 이와 관련하여 저출산 고령사회기본법은 인구구조 변화에 대한 위기론적 인식에 근거하는 대응적 입법의 성격을 가진다. 저출산 고령사회기본법은 그 목적과 기본이념, 국민의 의무 규정, 가족에 대한 관점 등에 있어 인구구조 및 가족의 변화에 대한 적절한 법규범을 새롭게 제시하기보다는 저출산 고령사회 문제를 국가주의와 발전주의에 귀속시키고, 출산 및 육아의 중요성을 국민의 의무와 연계시키며, 가족의 변화를 가족의 위기로 간주한다는 점에서 문제적이다. 이 논문은 국가주의와 발전주의를 탈피하여 개인의 존엄을 출발점으로 하고, 출산 및 육아에 대한 국민의 의무가 아니라 재생산의 권리에 초점을 둠으로써, 가족의 위기가 아니라 가족의 다양성을 수용하고 보장하는 새로운 법규범을 모색할 것을 요청하고 있다.