gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitoplasticity: Adaptation Biology of the Mitochondrion to the Cellular Redox State in Physiology and Carcinogenesis (2012)

Adaptation and transformation biology of the mitochondrion to redox status is an emerging domain of physiology and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial adaptations occur in response to accidental changes in cellular energy demand or supply while mitochondrial transformations are a part of greater program of cell metamorphosis. The possible role of mitochondrial adaptations and transformations in pathogenesis remains unexplored, and it has become critical to decipher the stimuli and the underlying molecular pathways. Immediate activation of mitochondrial function was described during acute exercise, respiratory chain injury, Endoplasmic Reticulum stress, genotoxic stress, or environmental toxic insults. Delayed adaptations of mitochondrial form, composition, and functions were evidenced for persistent changes in redox status as observed in endurance training, in fibroblasts grown in presence of respiratory chain inhibitors or in absence of glucose, in the smooth muscle of patients with severe asthma, or in the skeletal muscle of patients with a mitochondrial disease. Besides, mitochondrial transformations were observed in the course of human cell differentiation, during immune response activation, or in cells undergoing carcinogenesis. Little is known on the signals and downstream pathways that govern mitochondrial adaptations and transformations. Few adaptative loops, including redox sensors, kinases, and transcription factors were deciphered, but their implication in physiology and pathology remains elusive. Mitoplasticity could play a protective role against aging, diabetes, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases. Research on adaptation and transformation could allow the design of innovative therapies, notably in cancer.
Effect of bypass kinase pathways on acquired CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance. (2018)

379 Background: Cyclin Dependent Kinase-4/6 (CDK4/6) kinase inhibitors have shown clinical benefit in treatment of solid tumor types, including breast cancer. However, resistance is common, and the underpinning mechanisms of action are not well understood. Given the dependence of CDK4/6 inhibitors on retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) function for activity, this class of agents may be particularly effective in tumor types for which RB loss is infrequent or occurs late in tumor progression. Methods: Here, models of acquired palbociclib resistance were generated in early stage, RB positive cancers, wherein it was shown acquired palbociclib resistance resulted in cross-resistance to other CDK4/6 inhibitors under clinical testing. Results: Cells showing acquired resistance exhibited aggressive in vitro and in vivo phenotypes without genetic loss of RB or RB pathway members, including enhanced proliferative capacity, migratory potential, and characteristics of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Further analyses through integration of RNA sequencing and phospho-proteomics identified activation of the MAPK signaling pathway as a mediator of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, capable of bypassing CDK4/6 activity. However, this altered kinase dependence resulted in sensitization to MEK inhibitors, suggestive of new clinical opportunities in CDK4/6 resistant tumors. Conclusions: In sum, the studies herein not only identify activation of the MAPK pathway as capable of bypassing the CDK4/6 requirement and promoting aggressive tumor characteristics, but nominate MEK inhibitors as potential mechanisms to treat or prevent CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance.
Therapeutic DNA Vaccine Induces Broad T Cell Responses in the Gut and Sustained Protection from Viral Rebound and AIDS in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques (2012)

Immunotherapies that induce durable immune control of chronic HIV infection may eliminate the need for life-long dependence on drugs. We investigated a DNA vaccine formulated with a novel genetic adjuvant that stimulates immune responses in the blood and gut for the ability to improve therapy in rhesus macaques chronically infected with SIV. Using the SIV-macaque model for AIDS, we show that epidermal co-delivery of plasmids expressing SIV Gag, RT, Nef and Env, and the mucosal adjuvant, heat-labile E. coli enterotoxin (LT), during antiretroviral therapy (ART) induced a substantial 2-4-log fold reduction in mean virus burden in both the gut and blood when compared to unvaccinated controls and provided durable protection from viral rebound and disease progression after the drug was discontinued. This effect was associated with significant increases in IFN-γ T cell responses in both the blood and gut and SIV-specific CD8+ T cells with dual TNF-α and cytolytic effector functions in the blood. Importantly, a broader specificity in the T cell response seen in the gut, but not the blood, significantly correlated with a reduction in virus production in mucosal tissues and a lower virus burden in plasma. We conclude that immunizing with vaccines that induce immune responses in mucosal gut tissue could reduce residual viral reservoirs during drug therapy and improve long-term treatment of HIV infection in humans.
Human immature dental pulp stem cells share key characteristic features with limbal stem cells (2009)

We have demonstrated, using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, that hIDPSCs express markers in common with LSC, such as ABCG2, integrin beta1, vimentin, p63, connexin 43 and cytokeratins 3/12. They were also capable of reconstructing the eye surface after induction of unilateral TLSCD in rabbits, as shown by morphological and immunohistochemical analysis using human-specific antibodies against limbal and corneal epithelium. Our data suggest that hIDPSCs share similar characteristics with LSC and might be used as a potential alternative source of cells for corneal reconstruction.
Highly efficient class E amplifiers (1991)

Modern portable telephones are required to operate for long periods from a small battery pack. This paper reviews previous work and describes a high efficiency (72%) 0.5 watt distributed Class E power amplifier operating at 1 GHz. Class E amplifiers are a type of switching amplifier where the losses normally associated with the 'shorting out' of the device shunt capacitance are negated by designing the load network to define the voltage across the switching device when it is off. These amplifiers unlike class C amplifiers offer the potential of 100% efficiency with a specified output power. To obtain minimum losses the voltage across the switch, when it is off, is arranged to ring and fall back to zero just before the switch turns on again. The design criteria for the voltage are: the voltage rises slowly at switch off; the voltage falls to zero by the end of the half-cycle; and the voltage has a zero rate of change at the end of the half cycle. A typical circuit is shown and it consists of a bias choke, a (transistor) switch, a shunt capacitor which incorporates the parasitic capacitance of the device, a series tuned LCR resonant circuit with an extra series reactance (inductance) which sets the load angle to obtain correct collector voltage waveform.
The Subread aligner: fast, accurate and scalable read mapping by seed-and-vote (2013)

Read alignment is an ongoing challenge for the analysis of data from sequencing technologies. This article proposes an elegantly simple multi-seed strategy, called seed-and-vote, for mapping reads to a reference genome. The new strategy chooses the mapped genomic location for the read directly from the seeds. It uses a relatively large number of short seeds (called subreads) extracted from each read and allows all the seeds to vote on the optimal location. When the read length is <160 bp, overlapping subreads are used. More conventional alignment algorithms are then used to fill in detailed mismatch and indel information between the subreads that make up the winning voting block. The strategy is fast because the overall genomic location has already been chosen before the detailed alignment is done. It is sensitive because no individual subread is required to map exactly, nor are individual subreads constrained to map close by other subreads. It is accurate because the final location must be supported by several different subreads. The strategy extends easily to find exon junctions, by locating reads that contain sets of subreads mapping to different exons of the same gene. It scales up efficiently for longer reads.
Response of METS Sensor to Methane Concentrations Found on the Texas-Louisiana Shelf in the Gulf of Mexico (2001)

Abstract : A commercially produced solid state methane sensor (METS) from ASD Sensortechnik Gmgh (Germany) was used to obtain methane concentrations in sea water in the vicinity of methane hydrates. The use of semiconductor technology and membrane separation of methane (and other hydrocarbons) from the water column has been incorporated into the METS sensor. The response time is slow (minutes) and consequently complete equilibrium may never be reached depending upon the application of the sensor. The METS sensor was positioned on top of the forward platform of the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution's (HBOI) submersible, Johnson-Sea-Link I. This position enabled the sensor to be placed in the vicinity of methane hydrates. The Texas- Louisiana Shelf in the Gulf of Mexico was selected for investigation because of the existence of methane hydrates on the seafloor. The data reported here ranges from low umol/l concentrations in no hydrate areas to umol/l concentrations in the vicinity of hydrates. Mussel beds and brine pools exhibited concentrations intermediate to these two extremes. Even though response and recover time of the sensor can be slow when encountering high methane concentrations, interesting detail was obtained on several of the dives.
Online Phase-Noise Estimation in FMCW Radar Transceivers Using an Artificial On-Chip Target (2016)

The presence of phase noise (PN) severely deteriorates the sensitivity and range of frequency-modulated continuous wave radar systems. Thus, characterization and continuous monitoring of the PN is indispensable, and its estimation is often employed directly on chip. Although many contributions investigate methods for PN estimation, almost all of them consider a continuous-wave (CW) input signal. Differently, in this paper, we aim to estimate the PN from a linear frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal. For that, we propose two methods utilizing a so-called artificial on-chip target and further digital signal processing. These methods are evaluated in real-time and are the first-known solutions to determine PN estimates during the operation of an FMCW radar transceiver. We prove our methods with both simulation and measurement results from a hardware prototype. Further, we present techniques to efficiently realize the concepts in digital hardware. Finally, we compare and trade off the proposed methods against computational complexity and performance. The novel techniques may be applied to arbitrary input frequencies and bandwidths, and do not require a reference-clock input.
A study on channel estimation methods for MC-CDMA systems (2004)

In this paper, we propose a novel channel estimation method for time-domain spreading multi-carrier code division multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. In time-domain spreading MC-CDMA systems, code-multiplexed pilot symbols are transmitted consecutively in both time and frequency domains. In our proposed method, weighted pilot symbols in both domains are coherently added to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of pilot symbols in channel estimation. However, the channel estimation quality degrades when the weights of pilot symbols are not selected appropriately according to the changes of propagation environments. We propose a method which the optimum weighting factors for pilot symbols are adaptively selected according to the changes of propagation environments, by measuring maximum Doppler frequency for the time domain and delay spread for the frequency domain at MS (mobile station). We evaluate our proposed method by computer simulation, and clarify improvement of channel estimation accuracy.
Compensation of Loudspeaker Nonlinearity in Acoustic Echo Cancellation Using Raised-Cosine Function (2006)

The nonlinearity of a power amplifier or loudspeaker in a large-signal situation gives rise to a nonlinear distortion of acoustic signal. A conventional acoustic echo canceller using linear adaptive filters is not able to eliminate the nonlinear echo component. In this brief, a novel nonlinear echo cancellation technique is presented by using a nonlinear transformation in conjunction with a conventional linear adaptive filter. The nonlinear transformation is derived from a raised-cosine function and is exploited to compensate for the nonlinearity of a loudspeaker. The transformation parameters are updated using the normalized least mean square algorithm according to the unknown nonlinear characteristic of the loudspeaker. Computer simulations show that the proposed method yields, in general, a satisfactory cancellation performance while having a very low computational complexity
Application of carbon nanotubes to human breath dynamics characterization (2006)

The carbon nanotube composite material and its fabrication techniques are introduced to construct a chip-based electrode system for human breath dynamics characterization. The application of 10V dc bias can generate electric field high enough to effectively collect the charged particles in the human breath. Without using breath collecting tubes, the field tests in the open air exhibit that the system is technologically promising for long-time and noncontact human breath dynamics monitoring, due to its high stability, sensitivity, and safety operation performance with power consumption in the order of 10−5W.
Shape-Graph Based Object Recognition Using Node Context Embedding (2018)

Graphical object representation is fequently used for visual object recognition and detection methods.
Since most machine learning methods requira vectorial input, significant research has been done on assigning
feature vectors to graphs - a process known as graph embedding. However, when one wishes to detect objects in a
larger scene, it is a more viable strategy to assign feature vectors to graph nodes, and classify them individually. In
this paper, we present a graph node embedding algorithm for 3D object detection based on primitive shape graphs.
Our embedding algorithm encodes the local context of the selected node into the feature vector, thus improving
the classification accuracy of nodes. The method also imposes no restriction on the structure of the graphs or the
weights on the nodes and edges. The method presented here will be used as part of an intelligent object pairing
algorithm for Tangible Augmented Reality.
Das Design von Klimaschutzverhandlungen (2021)

In seiner Thunen-Vorlesung vor dem Verein fur Socialpolitik im Herbst 2020 hat Klaus Schmidt das Design von Klimaschutzverhandlungen untersucht. Er geht dabei von einem Vorschlag Martin Weitzmans aus, kunftige Verhandlungen auf einen einheitlichen CO2-Mindestpreis zu fokussieren. Ware ein solches Vorgehen demjenigen, wie es in den Abkommen von Paris und Kyoto praktiziert wurde, tatsachlich uberlegen? Schmidt berichtet von zwei experimentellen Studien, in denen er gemeinsam mit Koautoren Licht auf diese Frage geworfen hat. Die Ergebnisse beider Studien unterstutzen den Vorschlag von Weitzman.
Electro-tactile feedback for tele-operation of a mobile robot (2013)

It is well known that haptic feedback can facilitate the tele-operation of a remotely controlled robot by providing the user with intuitive tactile and/or force sensations from the robot&apos;s interactions with the environment. However, such mechanical haptic feedback systems can be complex, cumbersome, costly and application specific. This paper presents a novel tele-operation haptic feedback system that overcomes many of these limitations by providing electro-tactile feedback to the operator via wireless electrodes placed on the operator&apos;s skin. We show that this form feedback can provide a viable substitute for force and tactile feedback systems without the need for mechanical linkages or actuators. Experimental results are provided showing how electro-tactile feedback can facilitate the tele-operation of a mobile robot by improving the user&apos;s perception and interaction with the environment. 1
The proportion of circulating <i>γδ</i> T cells increases after the first week of onset of tularaemia and remains elevated for more than a year (2000)

In various human intracellular bacterial diseases, an increase of the proportion of circulating Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells has been observed. The prevalence of the finding among infected subjects and the time course of the elevation remain to be investigated. In the present study, comprising blood samples from a large number of cases of ulceroglandular tularaemia, the percentage of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells within the first week of onset of disease (5.3 +/- 0.7% (mean +/- s.e.m.)) did not differ from that of control subjects (5.3 +/- 0. 8%). Thereafter, percentages increased rapidly and within the interval of 8-40 days mean levels were > 20% (P < 0.001). Of 45 individuals sampled within 3 months of onset, 42 showed a percentage of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells of > 10%. Significantly increased levels were still recorded at 18 months (13.8 +/- 2.4%; P < 0.05) but not at 24 months (10.2 +/- 2.1%; P > 0.10). Thus, a consistent increase of circulating Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells was demonstrated in tularaemia. The initial delay and the prolonged course of elevation may suggest a role in immunoregulation and/or immunological memory. Furthermore, the percentage of gammadelta T cells expressing tumour necrosis factor-alpha in response to phorbol myristate acetate was decreased during the first week and up to 40 days after onset, possibly reflecting the modulation of an inflammatory response.
Reconfiguration for power saving in real-time motion estimation (2002)

Motion estimation presents a class of algorithms well-suited to reconfigurable hardware due to their variable computational load, highly structured array architectures, robust reduced complexity algorithms, and a motivation for low power implementations in portable video products. Motion estimation is the most computationally demanding part of video compression algorithms and hence usually requires hardware support for real-time implementation. However, dedicated hardware usually requires that the algorithm and most of its parameters be hardwired. Reconfigurable hardware based on FPGAs allows the parallelism of hardware implementations with the flexibility of software. The statistics of motion vectors can be monitored on a frame by frame basis to choose appropriate algorithm and hardware configurations. Unlike some proposed applications of dynamic reconfiguration, this rate can easily be supported by existing FPGA technology. Another novel aspect of this work is that we use power savings as a motivation for the reconfiguration. Although FPGAs are not a very power efficient technology; careful design of array architectures can allow power to be saved by avoiding unnecessary computation by adjusting the search area according to the changing characteristics of an input video signal. Another more general result is that further power saving can be achieved by utilizing free FPGA resources as local memory to avoid power-hungry off-chip communication. Practical implementation issues using Xilinx 6200 series FPGAs are also discussed.
Effect of Oxidation Temperature on the ElectricalCharacteristics of Ultrathin Silicon Dioxide Layers Plasma Oxidized inUltrahigh Vacuum (1999)

Ultrathin silicon dioxide layers have been fabricated by the plasma oxidation of silicon in ultra high vacuum. Temperatures from room temperature to 800°C have been used. Although the oxidation temperature has a strong affect on the oxidation rate, the silicon – silicon dioxide interface state densities are about the same, around 1011 l/eVcm2, no matter what temperature was used. The main difference between samples is the oxide charge, which gets significantly higher if the room temperature oxidation is used instead of temperatures from 600–800°C.
Mobile computing: concepts, methodologies, tools, and applications (2009)

Continual enhancements and innovation in the mobile computing industry have redesigned and simplified the way businesses and individuals can communicate and conduct their everyday professional and social interactions. So significant are these technological contributions such as PDAs, media players, and wireless sensor networks that it has deeply impacted and influenced nearly every industry in modern societies.Mobile Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications advances the emergent field of mobile computing through a substantial six-volume set of highly developed entries from over 400 leading researchers. This key reference collection contains over 300 chapters of fascinating approaches, observations, and models in topic areas such as mobile devices, surveillance technologies, and wireless communications. Mobile Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a must-have for practitioners, academicians, and learners in the field of mobile computing and a valuable resource for any library.
Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone suppress <i>in vivo</i> tumor growth and gene expression in triple negative breast cancers (2012)

This study evaluated the effects of a modern antagonistic analog of GHRH on tumor growth and on expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in two models of human triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). The TNBC subtype is refractory to the treatment options available for other hormone-independent breast cancers. Inflammatory cytokines play a major role in the cellular signaling associated with breast cancer pathogenesis and enhance epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT), drug resistance, and metastatic potential. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide which regulates the synthesis and release of growth hormone by the pituitary and is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for multiple human cancers. The effects of analogs of GHRH on tumoral cytokine expression have not been previously investigated. Animals bearing xenografts of the human TNBC cell lines, HCC1806 and MX-1, were treated with MIA-602, an antagonistic analog of GHRH. Treatment with MIA-602 significantly reduced tumor growth. We quantified transcript levels of the genes for several inflammatory cytokines. Expression of INFγ, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα, was significantly reduced by treatment with MIA-602. We conclude that treatment of TNBC with GHRH antagonists reduces tumor growth through an action mediated by tumoral GHRH receptors and produces a suppression of inflammatory cytokine signaling. Silencing of GHRH receptors in vitro with siRNA inhibited the expression of GHRH-R genes and inflammatory cytokine genes in HCC1806 and MX-1 cells. Further studies on GHRH antagonists may facilitate the development of new strategies for the treatment of resistant cancers.
Experimental High-Performance Control of Two Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines in an Integrated Drive for Automotive Applications (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Closed-loop control of an integrated dual-inverter to drive two permanent magnet motors independently is presented and evaluated experimentally. By utilizing the neutral point of the three-phase main motor, only two inverter legs are needed for the two-phase auxiliary motor. A modified field oriented control scheme for this integrated inverter was introduced and employed in real-time control. Experimental results show that the inverter is able to control two drives independently. An integrated, component-count-reduced drive is achieved. </para>