gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of modified tall oil and fat source on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing barrows and gilts (1999)

A total of 144 pigs (initially 90 lb) was used to determine the interactive effects of fat source: none (NF), 6% choice white grease (CWG), or 6% poultry fat (PF); modified tall oil (MTO, 0 or .5%); and sex (barrows or gilts) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Regardless of fat source, MTO improved belly firmness but did not influence growth performance. Gilts were leaner, had increased loin muscle area, and had softer bellies compared to barrows. Added fat decreased ADFI and improved F/G. Pigs fed PF had the best F/G, but the fattest carcasses and softest loins and bellies.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 18, 1999
<title>DCT quantization matrices visually optimized for individual images</title> (1993)

Several image compression standards (JPEG, MPEG, H.261) are based on the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). These standards do not specify the actual DCT quantization matrix. Ahumada & Peterson and Peterson, Ahumada & Watson provide mathematical formulae to compute a perceptually lossless quantization matrix. Here I show how to compute a matrix that is optimized for a particular image. The method treats each DCT coefficient as an approximation to the local response of a visual `channel.' For a given quantization matrix, the DCT quantization errors are adjusted by contrast sensitivity, light adaptation, and contrast masking, and are pooled non-linearly over the blocks of the image. This yields an 8 X 8 `perceptual error matrix.' A second non-linear pooling over the perceptual error matrix yields total perceptual error. With this model we may estimate the quantization matrix for a particular image that yields minimum bit rate for a given total perceptual error, or minimum perceptual error for a given bit rate. Custom matrices for a number of images show clear improvement over image-independent matrices. Custom matrices are compatible with the JPEG standard, which requires transmission of the quantization matrix.
ChemInform Abstract: A SYNTHESIS OF HUMAN β‐ENDORPHIN IN SOLUTION (1978)

Abstract Ausgehend von den geschützten Peptiden (I) und (II) wird das 22gliedrige Peptid (VIIb) synthetisiert und mit dem Nonapeptid (VIII) zu dem entsprechend geschützten 31gliedrigen Peptid (82% Ausb.) kondensiert, aus dem nach Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen mit flüssigem HF oder mit 170 Na/flüssigem NH 3 β‐Endorphin (IX) gewonnen wird.
Modulation-Induced Wavelength Shifts In The Output Of Distributed Feedback Lasers (1986)

Measurements have been made of the frequency modulation parameter for a number of distributed feedback lasers at various frequencies and output levels. The results are interpreted in terms of a computer model for DFB lasers and the influence of lasing gain on the optical parameters.
A Power Control Method With Simple Structure and Fast Dynamic Response for Single-Phase Grid-Connected DG Systems (2012)

This paper presents a new method for controlling the exchange of power between a single-phase distributed generation system and the grid. Rather than controlling the active and reactive powers separately and through the media of current signal as is done by the conventional techniques, the proposed controller acts directly on the instantaneous power. This eliminates the conventional need for calculating the active and reactive powers; a calculation that involves filtering/phase-shifting and slows down the system responses and adds to computational complexity. This paper first formulates a nonlinear structure from a purely mathematical approach based on minimizing a cost function. The minimization procedure generates a reference for the current signal which is subsequently used in the current control loop. This paper then derives an equivalent linear counterpart for the nonlinear structure. Moreover, it is also shown that the idea of controlling the instantaneous power does not require a separate loop for the current. Having replaced the nonlinear part with its linear equivalent, a control loop that comprises linear time-varying elements is obtained. This paper further develops a linear time-invariant model of the loop for stability and design purposes. The proposed control system is successfully applied to a photovoltaic system and performance evaluation results (using computer simulations and a laboratory experimental setup) are presented. Desired performance and robustness of the proposed method is verified by testing it within different operating conditions.
The Significance of the Fourier Analysis in Signal Detection and Processing in Laser Doppler and Phase Doppler Applications (1992)

Abstract : A method using the Fourier analysis for burst detection is analyzed and evaluated in this paper. The performance of the method is compared to alternate methods using the signal power in the time domain and a method utilizing the autocorrelation approach. The relative performance was evaluated in terms of the integration time (or equivalently, the number of samples used for burst detection) and the SNR. The Fourier analysis method was shown to be superior to the time domain method and was clearly superior when the burst duration was short and the SNR was low. Analysis of the autocorrelation method suggested that its performance was comparable to the standard time domain approach. Furthermore, the Fourier transform method has the advantage of being independent of the signal and the noise amplitudes with the performance and signal detection replying on the SNR. (Author)
Simulation study of Time-Average-Frequency based clock signal driving systems with embedded Digital-to-Analog Converters (2009)

The Flying Adder (FA) architecture is one of the latest developments in the area of on-chip frequency synthesis. It has two operating modes: integer-FA mode and fractional FA mode. In the fractional FA mode, a concept of Time-Average-Frequency is used to synthesize certain frequencies that cannot be easily obtained using traditional methods. The issue of using Time-Average-Frequency to drive digital systems has been studied in previous publications by the authors. In this paper, we investigate the impact of using Time-Average-Frequency based clock signals to drive systems with embedded Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC).
ISOLATION IMPROVEMENT IN A DUAL-BAND DUAL-ELEMENT MIMO ANTENNA SYSTEM USING CAPACITIVELY LOADED LOOPS (2013)

A dual-band dual-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with enhanced isolation is proposed. The MIMO antenna system is based on printed 4-shaped antenna elements. Dual band isolation is achieved by using an array of printed capacitively loaded loops (CLLs) on the top side of the board for high band isolation improvement and a complementary CLL structure on the GND plane of the antenna for lower band isolation improvement. The lower band of operation covers 827-853 MHz and the higher band covers 2.3-2.98 GHz. Two prototypes were investigated to access the effect of the isolation mechanism. Measured isolation improvement of 10 dB was observed in the lower operating band while the improvement in the higher band was approximately 2.5 dB. The isolation improvement was at the expense of 5% reduction in efficiency. The measured gain patterns as well MIMO figures of merits such as the correlation factor, TARC and MEG were investigated as well.
A small size ultrasonic motor (2002)

A small size ultrasonic motor has been developed which exploits the traveling waves produced by bending vibration. The motor is composed of a vibrating disk stator and a disk rotor in physical contact with the stator. There are three circumferential waves in the stator. The outside diameter of the motor is 10 mm, and the height is 8 mm. The total weight is only 3.5 g. The prototype motor produced a starting torque of 25 gf-cm, a no-load rotational speed of 1200 r.p.m. and a maximum efficiency of about 20%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Urinary Smad1 Is a Novel Marker to Predict Later Onset of Mesangial Matrix Expansion in Diabetic Nephropathy (2008)

The increase of urinary Smad1 in the early stages of diabetes is correlated with later development of glomerulosclerosis in two rodent models. These data indicate that urinary Smad1 could be a novel predictor for later onset of morphological changes and can be used to monitor the effect of ARBs in diabetic nephropathy.
Protein-retention expansion microscopy of cells and tissues labeled using standard fluorescent proteins and antibodies (2016)

Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables imaging of preserved specimens with nanoscale precision on diffraction-limited instead of specialized super-resolution microscopes. ExM works by physically separating fluorescent probes after anchoring them to a swellable gel. The first ExM method did not result in the retention of native proteins in the gel and relied on custom-made reagents that are not widely available. Here we describe protein retention ExM (proExM), a variant of ExM in which proteins are anchored to the swellable gel, allowing the use of conventional fluorescently labeled antibodies and streptavidin, and fluorescent proteins. We validated and demonstrated the utility of proExM for multicolor super-resolution (∼70 nm) imaging of cells and mammalian tissues on conventional microscopes.
Efficient abdominal segmentation on clinically acquired CT with SIMPLE context learning (2015)

Abdominal segmentation on clinically acquired computed tomography (CT) has been a challenging problem given the inter-subject variance of human abdomens and complex 3-D relationships among organs. Multi-atlas segmentation (MAS) provides a potentially robust solution by leveraging label atlases via image registration and statistical fusion. We posit that the efficiency of atlas selection requires further exploration in the context of substantial registration errors. The selective and iterative method for performance level estimation (SIMPLE) method is a MAS technique integrating atlas selection and label fusion that has proven effective for prostate radiotherapy planning. Herein, we revisit atlas selection and fusion techniques for segmenting 12 abdominal structures using clinically acquired CT. Using a re-derived SIMPLE algorithm, we show that performance on multi-organ classification can be improved by accounting for exogenous information through Bayesian priors (so called context learning). These innovations are integrated with the joint label fusion (JLF) approach to reduce the impact of correlated errors among selected atlases for each organ, and a graph cut technique is used to regularize the combined segmentation. In a study of 100 subjects, the proposed method outperformed other comparable MAS approaches, including majority vote, SIMPLE, JLF, and the Wolz locally weighted vote technique. The proposed technique provides consistent improvement over state-of-the-art approaches (median improvement of 7.0% and 16.2% in DSC over JLF and Wolz, respectively) and moves toward efficient segmentation of large-scale clinically acquired CT data for biomarker screening, surgical navigation, and data mining.
Inverse‐geometry volumetric CT system with multiple detector arrays for wide field‐of‐view imaging (2007)

Current volumetric computed tomography (CT) methods require seconds to acquire a thick volume (>8 cm) with high resolution. Inverse-geometry CT (IGCT) is a new system geometry under investigation that is anticipated to be able to image a thick volume in a single gantry rotation with isotropic resolution and no cone-beam artifacts. IGCT employs a large array of source spots opposite a smaller detector array. The in-plane field of view (FOV) is primarily determined by the size of the source array, in much the same way that the FOV is determined by the size of the detector array in a conventional CT system. Thus, the size of the source array can be a limitation on the achievable FOV. We propose adding additional detector arrays, spaced apart laterally, to increase the in-plane FOV while still using a modestly sized source array. We determine optimal detector placement to maximize the FOV while obtaining relatively uniform sampling. We also demonstrate low wasted radiation of the proposed system through design and simulation of a pre-patient collimator. Reconstructions from simulated projection data show no artifacts when combining the data from the detector arrays. Finally, to demonstrate feasibility of the concept, an anthropomorphic thorax phantom containing a porcine heart was scanned on a prototype table-top system. The reconstructed axial images demonstrate a 45 cm in-plane FOV using a 23 cm source array.
Improved determination of biplane imaging geometry and 3D coronary arterial tree from two views (2002)

The authors propose a new technique for estimation of 3D biplane imaging geometry based on two perspective projection angiograms acquired at arbitrary orientations. With the calculated imaging geometry, the 3D coronary arterial structures can then be reconstructed. Given 8 or more corresponding object points in both views, a linear algorithm is first applied to obtain an initial estimate of the imaging geometry in terms of a rotation matrix [R] and a unit translation vector t/spl I.oarr/. The solution provided by the linear algorithm is then used as an initial estimate for the second step, in which constrained nonlinear optimization with uncertain prior information of the imaging system is employed to complete an optimal estimate of the imaging geometry. The accuracy of this method was evaluated by using a computer-simulated coronary arterial tree.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HIV-2 Protease resistance defined in yeast cells (2006)

This functional assay allowed us to show for the first time that the L90M substitution, present in a primary HIV-2 isolate, modifies the HIV-2 Protease susceptibility to Saquinavir but not Lopinavir. Developing a strategy based on the proposed yeast expressing system will contribute to define amino acid substitutions conferring HIV-2 Protease resistance.
Dose titration of intramuscular interferon beta-1a reduces the severity and incidence of flu-like symptoms during treatment initiation (2011)

Dose titration during initiation of IM IFNβ-1a reduces FLS severity and incidence in healthy volunteers compared with no titration.
Finite-state multimodal parsing and understanding (2000)

Multimodal interfaces require effective parsing and understanding of utterances whose content is distributed across multiple input modes. Johnston 1998 presents an approach in which strategies for multimodal integration are stated declaratively using a unification-based grammar that is used by a multi-dimensional chart parser to compose inputs. This approach is highly expressive and supports a broad class of interfaces, but offers only limited potential for mutual compensation among the input modes, is subject to significant concerns in terms of computational complexity, and complicates selection among alternative multimodal interpretations of the input. In this paper, we present an alternative approach in which multimodal parsing and understanding are achieved using a weighted finite-state device which takes speech and gesture streams as inputs and outputs their joint interpretation. This approach is significantly more efficient, enables tight-coupling of multimodal understanding with speech recognition, and provides a general probabilistic framework for multimodal ambiguity resolution.
New holographic technology for a compact POS scanner (1990)

A new holographic technique has been used to make a compact, accurate, and reliable point-of-sale scanner. Our holo-window technique is capable of changing the scan direction, collecting the signal light, and equalizing the scan velocity. At present, compact scanners tend to sacrifice read operation accuracy, speed, and reliability for size. Our technique permits the miniaturization of the optical system of a scanner while preserving performance. Using the holo-window, we have developed a new scanner that has a letter-size footprint and is only 8 cm high.
Two-photon probes for biomedical applications (2013)

Two-photon microscopy (TPM), which uses two photons of lower energy as the excitation source, is a vital tool in biology and clinical science, due to its capacity to image deep inside intact tissues for a long period of time. To make TPM a more versatile tool in biomedical research, we have developed a variety of two-photon probes for specific applications. In this mini review, we will briefly discuss two-photon probes for lipid rafts, lysosomes, mitochondria, and pH, and their biomedical applications.
MicroRNA network changes in the brain stem underlie the development of hypertension (2015)

Hypertension is a major chronic disease whose molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We compared neuroanatomical patterns of microRNAs in the brain stem of the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) to the Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY, control). We quantified 419 well-annotated microRNAs in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), from SHR and WKY rats, during three main stages of hypertension development. Changes in microRNA expression were stage- and region-dependent, with a majority of SHR vs. WKY differential expression occurring at the hypertension onset stage in NTS versus at the prehypertension stage in RVLM. Our analysis identified 24 microRNAs showing time-dependent differential expression in SHR compared with WKY in at least one brain region. We predicted potential gene regulatory targets corresponding to catecholaminergic processes, neuroinflammation, and neuromodulation using the miRWALK and RNA22 databases, and we tested those bioinformatics predictions using high-throughput quantitative PCR to evaluate correlations of differential expression between the microRNAs and their predicted gene targets. We found a novel regulatory network motif consisting of microRNAs likely downregulating a negative regulator of prohypertensive processes such as angiotensin II signaling and leukotriene-based inflammation. Our results provide new evidence on the dynamics of microRNA expression in the development of hypertension and predictions of microRNA-mediated regulatory networks playing a region-dependent role in potentially altering brain-stem cardiovascular control circuit function leading to the development of hypertension.
Development of stereoscopic-haptic virtual environments (2003)

Development of visual environments for surgical simulation, using newly available haptic interface and stereoscopic technologies, is a major challenge. Computer haptics simulates human sense of touch. Stereoscopy simulates our natural depth perception, unlike technologies that display 3D information in a flat 2D environment. Integration of these two senses enhances sense of realism. Thus by coupling force-feedback (or haptic) devices with a stereoscopic display, results in the illusion of being "inside" a virtual world, by being able to "see" and "feel" 3D virtual environment. The PC/NT based solution presented in this paper, offers a developer an inexpensive, easy-to-use technique for generating stereoscopic-haptic environment. This solution can transform the virtual environment from a flat, formless 2D experience to a more realistic and solid 3D experience. Our initial application will be to make 3D organ models from a reproductive age woman (Lucy 2.0) stereoscopic haptic.
Selective and sequential reduction of polyhalosilanes with alkyltin hydrides (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective and sequential reduction of polyhalosilanes with alkyltin hydridesJohn J. D'Errico and Kenneth G. SharpCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 11, 2177–2180Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00310a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00310a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Binaurally integrated cross-correlation/auto-correlation mechanism (BICAM) (2016)

A new precedence effect model is described that can use a binaural signal to robustly localize a sound source in the presence of multiple reflections. The model also extracts the delays (compared to the direct sound source) and lateral positions of each of the distinct reflections. A second-layer cross-correlation algorithm is introduced on top of a first layer autocorrelation/cross-correlation mechanism to determine the interaural time difference (ITD) of the direct sound source component. The ITD is then used to time align two auto-correlation functions obtained from the left and right ear signals to gather information about the reflections and form a binaural activity pattern. The model is able to simulate psychoacoustic lateralization results for a simulated direct sound source and a single reflection also for cases where the reflection exceeds the intensity of the direct sound (Haas Effect). Using head-related transfer functions to spatialize the sound sources, the model can accurately localize a speech signal in the presence of two or more early side reflections and late reverberation. The model can handle reverberation times of 2 s and above. [This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1320059.]
Development of titanium alloy for exhaust systems of automobiles (2005)

This research has been performed in order to develop a titanium alloy which had high temperature oxidation resistance more than ASTM Gr.37 (Ti-1.5Al), which was the existing titanium alloy for exhaust systems. Specifically, high temperature oxidation resistances of Ti-Al-Si alloys and Ti-Al-Si-Nb alloys were evaluated from viewpoints of weight gain, formation of oxygen diffusion zone, thickness reduction, grain growth and embrittlement. It was found that small amount additions of Al, Si and Nb were effective in improvement of oxidation resistance of titanium. On the basis of this result, Ti-0.5Al-0.45Si-0.2Nb alloy was developed. This alloy has excellent oxidation resistance and suitable strength property for exhaust systems used at high temperature. This alloy is consequently considered to be applied to not only motorcycle exhaust systems but also automobile exhaust systems.
<title>Motionless head for parallel readout optical disk</title> (1992)

A motionless head 2-D parallel readout system for optical disks is presented. The system is designed to read data blocks encoded as 1-D Fourier holograms distributed radially on the disk active surface. Such systems offer several advantages: high data rates, low retrieval times, and simple implementation. It is used as the secondary storage of a high performance optoelectronic associative memory system.