gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excitatory mechanisms in retinal ganglion cell death in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). (1997)

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide and the second leading cause of irreversible blindness in the United States. The most common form of glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma, is characterized by a chronically elevated intraocular pressure in the absence of any demonstrable structural abnormalities in the eye. The pathologic hallmark of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the selective death of retinal ganglion cells, generally attributed to an elevated intraocular pressure. However, the histopathology of glaucomatous injury is strikingly similar to the pattern seen with the administration of toxic levels of glutamate. We have found that glaucoma is associated with elevated levels of intraocular glutamate-to a level toxic to ganglion cells. We propose that an elevation of vitreal glutamate may be responsible, at least in part, for the loss of ganglion cells seen in open angle glaucoma.
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in mesothelioma and its cytomorphological and immunohistochemical correlation with the primary tumor specimens. (2011)

e21170 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are emerging as a valuable tool for monitoring cancer patient prognosis and response to treatment in some solid tumors. Commercially available CTC assay identifies CTCs via EPCAM dependent immunomagnetic-enrichment, which may not detect certain subsets of cells. We report a cohort of mesothelioma patients in whom CTCs were measured using a cytometric, enrichment free immunofluorescent protocol and correlated the findings with primary tumor specimens. Methods: Blood samples for CTC analysis were collected from 8 mesothelioma patients at baseline, 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 1 year. CTCs were identified via immunofluorescence and cytometric, enrichment free analysis. We also reviewed primary tumor specimens in all patients and correlated cytomorphologic appearance of the CTCs to their corresponding primary tumor. Results: A total of 8 mesothelioma patients were included in the analysis. All had non-sarcomatoid histology. Median follow up was 20.1 months. Median survival is 13.3 month. At some point during the disease course CTCs were identified in 8 of 8 (100%) patients. At the time of the diagnosis CTCs were present in 6 out of 8 patients but only 2 patients had distant metastasis at the time of the diagnosis and one additional patient developed metastatic disease during the disease course. Four of 8 patients (50%) were alive at the time of data analysis. Using CTC/ml cut off of 2 CTCs/ml, patients can be divided into 'remain favorable' (baseline draw <2, last draw <2), 'convert to favorable' (baseline draw >2, last draw <2), remain unfavorable (baseline draw >2, last draw >2), and convert to unfavorable (baseline draw <2, last draw >2). Median survival is 709 days for the remain favorable/convert to favorable group and 374 days for the remain unfavorable/convert to unfavorable group. Conclusions: This small case series shows that CTCs can be effectively enumerated in mesothelioma patients. There appears to be a separation in outcomes based on CTC kinetics. However, due to the small sample size further studies are warranted to further clarify this association.
Nanostructured silicon nitride from wheat and rice husks (2016)

Nanoparticles, submicron-diameter tubes, and rods of Si3N4 were synthesized from the thermal treatment of wheat and rice husks at temperatures at and above 1300 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The whole pattern Rietveld analysis of the observed diffraction data from treatments at 1300 °C showed the formation of only hexagonal α-phase of Si3N4 with an R-factor of 1%, whereas samples treated at 1400 °C and above showed both α- and β-phases with an R-factor of 2%. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of tubes, rods, and nanoparticles of Si3N4. In a two-step process, where pure SiC was produced first from rice or wheat husk in an argon atmosphere and subsequently treated in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1450 °C, a nanostructured composite material having α- and β-phases of Si3N4 combined with cubic phase of SiC was formed. The thermodynamics of the formation of silicon nitride is discussed in terms of the solid state reaction between organic matter (silica content), which is inherently present in the wheat and rice husks, with the nitrogen from the furnace atmosphere. Nanostructures of silicon nitride formed by a single direct reaction or their composites with SiC formed in a two-step process of agricultural byproducts provide an uncomplicated sustainable synthesis route for silicon nitride used in mechanical, biotechnology, and electro-optic nanotechnology applications.
PTEN activation contributes to tumor inhibition by trastuzumab and loss of PTEN predicts trastuzumab resistance in patients. (2004)

2460 The ErbB2-targeting antibody, trastuzumab (Herceptin) has remarkable therapeutic efficacy in certain patients with ErbB2-overexpressing tumors. The overall trastuzumab response rate, however, is limited and the cause of trastuzumab resistance is poorly understood. Here we report that PTEN activation contributes to trastuzumab’s anti-tumor activity. Trastuzumab treatment quickly reduced PTEN tyrosine phosphorylation, increased PTEN membrane localization and its phosphatase activity in cancer cells. Reducing PTEN expression in breast cancer cells by antisense oligonucleotides conferred trastuzumab resistance in vitro and in vivo. Patients with PTEN-deficient breast cancers had significantly poorer responses to trastuzumab-based therapy than those with normal PTEN. Thus, PTEN deficiency is a powerful predictor of trastuzumab resistance. Additionally, PI3K inhibitors rescued PTEN loss-induced trastuzumab resistance, suggesting PI3K-targeting therapies combined with trastuzumab could overcome the resistance. Trastuzumab is an excellent model of rationally designed targeted cancer treatment. However, mechanisms underlying trastuzumab anti-tumor function and causes of trastuzumab resistance are poorly understood. Here our data introduces the new concept that a rapid PTEN activation, before downregulation of ErbB2, is a novel mechanism underlying the anti-tumor activity of trastuzumab. This indicates a functional cross talk between ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and PTEN tumor suppressor activity. PTEN deficiencies were reported in ∼50% of breast cancers. Our finding that PTEN deficiency is significantly associated with trastuzumab resistance in patients can directly impact the treatment of these patients. PTEN-deficiencies in patients’ tumors can predict trastuzumab resistance and serve as an indicator for requiring PI3K-targeting combination treatment targeting PI3K to overcome the trastuzumab resistance.
Isolated nanoinjection photo detectors for high-speed and high-sensitivity single-photon detection (2013)

Our group has designed and developed a new SWIR single photon detector called the nano-injection detector that is conceptually designed with biological inspirations taken from the rod cells in human eye. The detector couples a nanoscale sensory region with a large absorption volume to provide avalanche free internal amplification while operating at linear regime with low bias voltages. The low voltage operation makes the detector to be fully compatible with available CMOS technologies. Because there is no photon reemission, detectors can be formed into high-density single-photon detector arrays. As such, the nano injection detectors are viable candidates for SPD and imaging at the short-wave infrared band. Our measurements in 2007 proved a high SNR and a stable excess noise factor of near unity. We are reporting on a high speed version of the detector with 4 orders of magnitude enhancement in speed as well as 2 orders of magnitude reduction in dark current (30nA vs. 10 uA at 1.5V).
Wettability patterning for high-rate, pumpless fluid transport on open, non-planar microfluidic platforms (2014)

Surface tension driven transport of liquids on open substrates offers an enabling tool for open micro total analysis systems that are becoming increasingly popular for low-cost biomedical diagnostic devices. The present study uses a facile wettability patterning method to produce open microfluidic tracks that - due to their shape, surface texture and chemistry - are capable of transporting a wide range of liquid volumes (~1-500 μL) on-chip, overcoming viscous and other opposing forces (e.g., gravity) at the pertinent length scales. Small volumes are handled as individual droplets, while larger volumes require repeated droplet transport. The concept is developed and demonstrated with coatings based on TiO2 filler particles, which, when present in adequate (~80 wt.%) quantities within a hydrophobic fluoroacrylic polymer matrix, form composites that are intrinsically superhydrophobic. Such composite coatings become superhydrophilic upon exposure to UV light (390 nm). A commercial laser printer-based photo-masking approach is used on the coating for spatially selective wettability conversion from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic. Carefully designed wedge-patterned surface tension confined tracks on the open-air devices move liquid on them without power input, even when acting against gravity. Simple designs of wettability patterning are used on versatile substrates (e.g., metals, polymers, paper) to demonstrate complex droplet handling tasks, e.g., merging, splitting and metered dispensing, some of which occur in 3-D geometries. Fluid transport rates of up to 350 μL s(-1) are attained. Applicability of the design on metal substrates allows these devices to be used also for other microscale engineering applications, e.g., water management in fuel cells.
Instrumentation of a hand-held power tool for capturing dynamic interaction during finishing tasks (2016)

Implementing human like performance in industrial applications is a challenging task. This paper presents a concept to capture the relationship between a grinding tool and a workpiece for future robotic implementation. A grinding tool has been instrumented with force sensors to measure 3D forces and torques, and consequently the contact point and its features have been studied during a grinding task. The results show that the contact point between the tool and the workpiece can be precisely estimated and the results have been validated using 3D motion capture. The contact point and the contact ellipses have been traced on a workpiece. The results of this study are promising and the proposed algorithms and features of the tool can be implemented in a variety of applications. In the near future instrumented tools may be used by robots during industrial tasks in order to improve their performance and allow constant feedback based on the contact point and 3D forces.
Pathogenesis of infection with attenuated Marek's disease virus strains<sup>1,2</sup> (1985)

Recently, attenuated Marek's disease virus (MDV) became of renewed interest as a component in bi- or polyvalent vaccines. The effect of attenuation on the pathogenesis of infection was investigated. Cloned preparations of the JM-16, BC-1A and RB-1B strains of MDV were attenuated by serial passage in chick kidney cells or chicken embryo fibroblasts. Subclones were obtained from the JM-16 strain at passage (p) 26 (JM-16d) and 50 (JM-16a, b and c). The passage level at which each virus became attenuated was dependent on the virus strain. The highly oncogenic RB-1B strain was still oncogenic after 37 passages, while JM-was already attenuated at p. 27. In ovo infection of high passage JM-16 and RB-1B (p 54 and 55) demonstrated the presence of residual pathogenicity. Attenuated virus failed to induce the early cytolytic infection which is characteristic for the pathogenesis of infection with oncogenic MDV. Low levels of lymphocyte-associated viraemia could be detected after infection with all attenuated viruses except with the subclone JM-16a. This virus was, however, able to induce moderate protection against challenge and antibodies were detectable, suggesting that cells other than lymphocytes became infected. The pathogenesis after in ovo infection with attenuated virus was similar to that after infection of chicks. The in vivo data suggested that attenuation reduced the efficiency of infection of, or virus replication in, lymphocytes. A markedly reduced ability to establish in vitro infection of lymphocytes by exposure to heavily infected lymphocytes was observed, and this supports this hypothesis. The altered characteristic of attenuated virus to infect lymphocytes in vivo or in vitro was not caused by the selection of temperature sensitive or thymidine kinase negative mutants.
Design, Construction, and Performance of a Post Type Cryogenic Support (1985)

Abstract Not Provided
Using cereal grain permittivity for quality sensing by moisture determination (2003)

A brief history of cereal grain moisture measurement by sensing the electrical properties of grain is presented. The basic principles are also described for using radiofrequency (RF) and microwave dielectric properties or permittivity, of grain for sensing moisture through their correlation with moisture content. The development of density-independent functions of the permittivity is explained. The findings of recent research are summarized, which indicate that reliable density-independent moisture content determinations can be realized by measurements on grain at RF and microwave frequencies. Development of these techniques will provide useful instruments for on-line monitoring of moisture content in flowing grain to manage moisture in grain, prevent spoilage in storage and transport, improve processing, and provide information important for yield determinations in precision agriculture applications.
Boron Containing Pyrimidines, Nucleosides, and Oligonucleotides for Neutron Capture Therapy (1994)

Abstract The synthesis and encouraging biological findings with boron-containing nucleosides, such as 5-dihydroxyboryl-2′-deoxyuridine, which could be used for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for the treatment of various malignancies, has provided momentum to synthesize several boron containing nucleosides and oligomers. BNCT is based on the property of the non-radioactive boron-10 isotope to capture low energy neutrons, thereby producing a localized cell-destroying nuclear reaction. Thus, irradiation of tumor cells with neutrons, following incorporation of the boronated nucleoside, would result in the destruction of tumor tissue only. Intracellular phosphorylation by nucleoside kinases, and/or incorporation into the cancer cell DNA as a false nucleotide precursor, followed by irradiation by neutrons, would lead primarily to tumor cell death. The synthetic and biological approaches for boronated pyrimidines, nucleosides, and oligonucleotides for BNCT are reviewed.
Discovery and replication of a peripheral tissue DNA methylation biosignature to augment a suicide prediction model (2016)

We conclude that this biosignature interacts with <i>SKA2</i> methylation to improve suicide prediction and may represent a biological state of immune and HPA axis modulation that mediates suicidal behavior.
Closed-form model for dual-gate ambipolar CNTFET circuit design (2017)

Current through ambipolar carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) can be controlled by two independent gates, enabling highly expressive XOR-based logic circuits. To promote efficient circuit design, it is important to develop an easy-to-use SPICE-compatible model for these dualgate ambipolar CNTFETs. This paper therefore introduces a closed-form model that matches the experimentally demonstrated behavior. This model is then applied for the first simulation of cascaded dual-gate CNTFET logic circuits that exploit ambipolarity for compact logic.
Photonic analog-to-digital converters: fundamental and practical limits (2004)

This paper documents the fundamental and practical limits on the performance of the demultiplexing class of photonic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). First, we review the classes of photonic ADCs that have been investigated to date. Then the reported performance of several demultiplexing photonic ADCs is compared to performance recently obtained with high rate, high resolution electronic ADCs. Next, the paper derives the fundamental limits on ADC performance that are determined by amplitude noise, timing jitter and the finite width of the optical sampling pulse. Finally, we review practical limits for the demultiplexing ADC. These practical limits are generally determined by the performance of the electronic-to-optical and optical-to-electronic interfaces, the optical modulator and the photodetector, and by the requirements on component/path matching.
Passive position-adaptive radar modes for non-LOS interrogation of embedded targets (2004)

A position-adaptive radar system concept is presented for purposes of interrogating difficult and obscured targets via the application of low-altitude smart or robotic-type UAV platforms. Under this concept, a high-altitude radiating platform is denoted as a HUAV and a low-altitude “position-adaptive” platform is denoted as a LUAV. The system concept is described by two modes. In Mode-1, real-time onboard LUAV computation of a phase parameter denoted as “signal differential path length” allows the LUAV to position-adaptively isolate a “signal leakage point”, for example, between two buildings. After the LUAV position-adaptively converges to an optimum location, the system enters Mode-2. Under this Mode-2 concept, a technique denoted as “exploitation of leakage signals via path trajectory diversity” (E-LS-PTD) is developed. This technique is based on modulating scattering centers on embedded objects by implementing a fast trajectory on the HUAV while the LUAV is hovering in front of an “obscuration channel.” Analytical results include sample outputs from an initial set numerical electromagnetic simulations.
An Adaptive Protection Circuit for Power Amp Improvement . (2005)

This paper presents a novel protection circuit for power amplifier (PA) ruggedness improvement. This protection circuit is a monolithically integrated, cost and size effective collector current limiter, indexed to supply voltage. Compared with other conventionar protection circuits in the literature, the current threshold is indexed to supply voltage and protection circuitry uses same type of device than the FW power transistor to be protected, making it very easy to integrate and more robust to process variations. Moreover, the present protection circuit protects efficiently the PA from a11 mismatch conditions. The experimental results show that the PA ruggedness was improved (standing wave ratio up to 1O:l for all phases with B supply voltage up to S.5 V) while maintaining the output power and power-added efficiency under a 50 Ohms load. Index Terms - Adaptive, breakdown voltage, current limiter, load mismatches, protection circuit, ruggedness, RF power amplifier.
Transferable Neural Projection Representations (2019)

Chinnadhurai Sankar, Sujith Ravi, Zornitsa Kozareva. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.
Analysis of three late varicella-zoster virus proteins, a 125,000-molecular-weight protein and gp1 and gp3 (1984)

Two monoclonal antibodies were prepared against varicella-zoster virus proteins. One of the monoclonal antibodies (10.2) reacted only with the nuclei of infected cells and immunoprecipitated one nonglycosylated late viral protein (125,000 molecular weight). The other monoclonal antibody (19.1) with neutralizing activity, reacted with membrane antigens of infected cells and with the varicella-zoster virus envelope and immunoprecipitated two late major viral glycoproteins (gp1 and gp3). Synthesis of the 125,000-molecular-weight protein, gp1, and gp3 began at 20 to 22 h postinfection, 2 h after the peak of viral DNA synthesis, and continued until 29 h postinfection, when the first progeny virus appeared in infected cells. Pulse-chase experiments showed that during pulse-labeling, only gp1 was detected, whereas during the chase period, gp1 as well as gp3 was detected in infected cells. Under nonreducing conditions, gp3 migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a 130,000-molecular-weight protein as compared with the 62,000-molecular-weight species obtained when gels were resolved under reducing conditions. This finding indicates that gp3 is a dimer that is disulfide linked.
SystemML's Optimizer: Plan Generation for Large-Scale Machine Learning Programs. (2014)

SystemML enables declarative, large-scale machine learning (ML) via a high-level language with R-like syntax. Data scientists use this language to express their ML algorithms with full flexibility but without the need to hand-tune distributed runtime execution plans and system configurations. These ML programs are dynamically compiled and optimized based on data and cluster characteristics using ruleand cost-based optimization techniques. The compiler automatically generates hybrid runtime execution plans ranging from in-memory, single node execution to distributed MapReduce (MR) computation and data access. This paper describes the SystemML optimizer, its compilation chain, and selected optimization phases for generating efficient execution plans.
High efficiency porphyrin sensitized mesoscopic solar cells (2014)

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) represents a reliable technology, ready for the market and able to compete with silicon solar cells for specific fields of application. Porphyrin dyes allow reaching high power conversion efficiency in conjunction with cobalt redox electrolytes due to larger open circuit potentials. The bigger size of the cobalt complexes compared to standard iodide/triiodide redox couple hampers its percolation through the meso-porous TiO<sub>2</sub> network, thus impairing the regeneration process. In case of porphyrin dyes mass transport problems in the electrolyte need to be carefully handled, due to the large size of the sensitizing molecule and the bulky cobalt complexes. Herein we report the study of structural variations on porphyrin sensitizers and their influence on the DSSC performance with cobalt based redox electrolyte.
Development of Attractants for Monitoring Caribbean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1993)

R. R. Heath, N. D. Epsky, P. J. Landolt, J. Sivinski, Development of Attractants for Monitoring Caribbean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 76, No. 2 (Jun., 1993), pp. 233-244
Neuroinflammatory Responses in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain Promote the Oxidative Post‐translational Modification of Amyloid Deposits (2001)

Indisputable evidence indicates that an inflammatory response is associated with neuron and neurite damage and the deposition of β-Amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. Nowhere is this more apparent than in Alzheimer's disease, where the loss of large hippocampal neurons and synaptic connections leads to progressive loss in memory and is associated with numerous inflammatory and oxidative changes. Similar inflammatory responses to protein accumulation are observed in other neurogenerative diseases. In this chapter we will review the acute phases response to inflammation, and the resultant oxidative environments that lead to the post-translational modification of amyloid deposits and neurotoxicity in the Alzheimer's disease brain.
Stimulated emission in red, green, and blue from colloidal quantum dot films by single exciton optical gain (2012)

Epitaxial-like colloidal quantum dot films are demonstrated as potential single material system for red, green, and blue lasing. These prospects derive in part from the access to single exciton gain in the optically dense films.