gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image feature analysis and computer‐aided diagnosis in digital radiography: Effect of digital parameters on the accuracy of computerized analysis of interstitial disease in digital chest radiographs (1990)

We are developing a computerized method for measurement of lung texture in digital chest radiographs for detection and characterization of interstitial disease. Physical texture measures are obtained from analysis of the power spectrum of the lung texture. We have investigated the effect of digital parameters such as pixel size, regions of interest size, the number of quantitation levels, and the peak frequency of the visual system response, as well as the effect of the unsharp masking technique on the performance of this computerized method. We calculated the texture measures by changing digital parameters for 100 normal lungs and 100 abnormal lungs in our database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed for evaluation of the performance of this computerized method for distinguishing between normal and abnormal lungs. We used the area under the ROC curve to compare the detection accuracy for interstitial infiltrates. We believe that the results of this study may be useful as a guide in the design of computerized schemes for lung texture analysis in digital chest radiographs.
Ghrelin: A Link between Eating Disorders, Obesity and Reproduction (2004)

Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid acylated peptide predominantly produced by the stomach, displays strong GH-releasing activity mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary GH secretagogues (GHS) receptors (GHS-R) which had been shown specific for a family of synthetic, orally active molecules known as GHS. However, ghrelin and GHS, acting on central and peripheral receptors, also exert other actions. These include influence on pituitary functions, orexigenic action, influence on exocrine and endocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic functions, cardiovascular and anti-proliferative effects. In particular, the effect of ghrelin in promoting food intake and modulating energy metabolism strongly suggested that ghrelin has a key role in managing the neuroendocrine and metabolic response to starvation and that could be involved in the pathogenesis and/or in the metabolic and neuro-hormonal alterations of obesity and eating disorders. Although specific alterations in ghrelin secretion and/or action in obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN) have already been reported, the possibility that ghrelin analogues acting as agonists or antagonists has clinical perspectives for treatment of eating disorders presently remains a dream.
Size-selective deposition of particles combining liquid and particulate dielectrophoresis (2005)

Rapid, size-based, deposition of particles from liquid suspension has been demonstrated using the nonuniform electric field created by coplanar microelectrode strips patterned on an insulating substrate. The scheme uses the dielectrophoretic force both to distribute aqueous liquid containing particles and, simultaneously, to separate the particles. Tests conducted with solutions containing equal volume fractions of 0.53 and 0.93μm polystyrene beads, tagged with different fluorescent dyes, reveal size-based separation within nanoliter droplets formed along the structure after voltage removal. The relative volume ratio of the two sizes varies smoothly from 1:1 to ∼3:1 (favoring the smaller particles) along the electrodes. Using the Clausius–Mossotti factor Ḵ as the only adjustable parameter, the experimental data correlate to a numerical simulation of the process at Re[Ḵ]≈0.5, a value consistent with expectation for polystyrene beads at ∼100kHz in aqueous suspension.
Low pH d-xylonate production with Pichia kudriavzevii (2013)

D-xylonic acid is one of the top 30 most desirable chemicals to be derived from biomass sugars identified by the US Department of Energy, being applicable as a non-food substitute for D-gluconic acid and as a platform chemical. We engineered the non-conventional yeast Pichia kudriavzevii VTT C-79090T to express a D-xylose dehydrogenase coding gene from Caulobacter crescentus. With this single modification the recombinant P. kudriavzevii strain produced up to 171 g L(-1) of D-xylonate from 171 g L(-1) D-xylose at a rate of 1.4 g L(-1) h(-1) and yield of 1.0 g [g substrate consumed](-1), which was comparable with D-xylonate production by Gluconobacter oxydans or Pseudomonas sp. The productivity of the strain was also remarkable at low pH, producing 146 g L(-1) D-xylonate at 1.2 g L(-1) h(-1) at pH 3.0. This is the best low pH production reported for D-xylonate. These results encourage further development towards industrial scale production.
Lighting affects students’ concentration positively: Findings from three Dutch studies (2012)

The importance of lighting for performance in human adults is well established. However, evidence on the extent to which lighting affects the school performance of young children is sparse. This paper evaluates the effect of lighting conditions (with vertical illuminances between 350 lux and 1000 lux and correlated colour temperatures between 3000 and 12 000 K) on the concentration of elementary school children in three experiments. In the first two experiments, a flexible and dynamic lighting system is used in quasi-experimental field studies using data from 89 pupils from two schools (Study 1) and 37 pupils from two classrooms (Study 2). The third experiment evaluated two lighting settings within a school-simulating, windowless laboratory setting (n = 55). The results indicate a positive influence of the lighting system on pupils’ concentration. The findings underline the importance of lighting for learning. Several suggestions are made for further research.
The Use of Lithium Aluminum Chloride Molten Salt as an Electrolyte in Lithium Cells (1984)

Although lithium aluminum chloride, either as a molten salt or as a solid, is unstable to reduction by lithium at high activities, it is stable to elemental aluminum. It is therefore possible to construct cells with an aluminum negative electrode and a positive electrode reversible to lithium. The thermodynamics of such a system have been examined, and the kinetic behavior of the aluminum electrode investigated in melts of two different compositions. In addition, two lithium vanadium oxides have been tested as possible positive electrode materials.
Modified Technique for Measuring Platelet Aggregation (1997)

The turbidimetric method of Bom is the current approach for assessing the aggregation behavior of platelets. It has been of modest practical value, due to difficulty in standardizing laboratory techniques for plasma preparation and inadequate quantification of the aggregation process. We report a new technique of sedimented platelet rich plasma (SPRP) preparation that reduces the irregularities caused by factors associated with procuring and preparing blood samples and permits a more flexible protocol for laboratory practice. We quantified results with a platelet aggregation score, which is calculated by multiplying the ratio of the height of the initial wave of aggregation to the maximum height of the aggregation pattern by the total area under the aggregation curve and by the ratio of the whole blood platelet count and the number of platelets in the sample. Comparative analysis of platelet aggregation scores (n = 95) obtained with both plasma preparation techniques using a paired t test demonstrated no statistical differences ( t = 1.368, p = 0.174). To demonstrate the application of this modified method to evaluation of antiplatelet agents, the effects of aspirin and aspirin combined with citric acid on platelet aggregation were studied in vitro. The antiaggregatory effect of aspirin combined with citric acid was dependent on the pH and on their molar ratio, and was greater than the effect of aspirin alone. The SPRP protocol with platelet aggregation scoring methodology could be a valid alternative for measurement of the platelets' propensity to aggregate and the effect of antithrombotic treatments. Key Words: Platelet aggregation— Aspirin—Citric acid.
Methods for increasing the sensitivity of simultaneous multi-isotope positron emission tomography (2011)

Multi-isotope PET (MIP) can distinguish thebiodistributions of two simultaneously injected PET tracers, where one tracer has an isotope that is a pure positron emitter that generates two-photon coincidences, and the other emits a positron and a gamma ray in cascade yielding a triple coincidence.1 However triple coincidence detection suffers from very low sensitivity. This work presents a method to significantly enhance the sensitivity of triple coincidences for multi-isotope PET by adding an extra detector dedicated for the detection of the third prompt gamma in coincidence with the annihilation photons. We performed Monte Carlo simulations with I124, Sc-44, and F-18 isotopes, and measurements with Na-22 and Ge-68. F-18 and Ge-68 are pure positron emitters; on the other hand I124, Sc-44, and Na-22 emit 603 keV, 1156 keV and 1275 keV prompt gamma rays respectively. For the simulations, a phantom was acquired in a simulated Siemens Inveon system with 8 cm diameter, 5 cm thick detector slab of BGO placed at one end of the system to increase detection efficiency of the third gamma ray. The simulations indicate about a twofold increase in sensitivity with the extra detector added. For the measurements, we arranged two LYSO crystals coupled to Hamamatsu MMPC silicon photomultipliers (SiPM)s for the detection of 511 keV photons in coincidences and one large 8cm diameter, 2cm thick detector slab of LYSO coupled to a PMT dedicated for the detection of the 1275 keV gamma ray. The measured ratio of the triple-coincidence counts divided by the double-coincidence detection counts is 0.037±0.003, which compares well with the analytically calculated ratio of 0.042 estimated from intrinsic and geometry efficiency considerations. Furthermore, the 511 keV scintillation detectors were mounted on a linear stage that translated the detectors while acquiring double and triple coincidences counts simultaneously in order to generate one-dimensional profiles of the Na-22 and Ge-68 point sources. The triple-coincidence allows the distinction of Na-22 point source profile from the standard 511 keV double-coincidence profile of the Ge-68 source.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as an in vivo tool for characterizing changes in tissue organization during neoplastic development (2002)

Diffuse reflectance spectra are analyzed using a light-diffusion-theory-based model, which assumes that tissue scattering can be simulated by Mie scattering with an inverse power-law particle size distribution. Diagnostic information related to tissue organization is extracted.
Integration patterns during multimodal interaction (2004)

The development of multimodal interfaces and algorithms for multimodal integration requires knowledge of integration patterns that represent how people use multiple modalities. We analyzed multimodal interaction with three different applications. Semantic analysis revealed that multimodal inputs can exhibit cooperation other than complementary and redundancy. Analysis of the relationship between tasks and multimodality revealed a positive correlation between the type of a task and multimodal interaction. In addition, analysis revealed that referential expressions can contain more information than simple deictic terms such as instructions to select or modify the referents.
When Dynamic VM Migration Falls under the Control of VM Users (2013)

Security of multi-tenancy in cloud platforms raises a growing interest since research has revealed that the sharing of resources constitutes a vector of vulnerability. In this paper, we examine how one can leverage the sharing of resources, through the manipulation of the amount of resources consumed by VMs, to abusively enforce the dynamic resource management system to trigger VM migrations. This causes waste of resources for the hosting infrastructure and affects performances of VMs. To demonstrate this cross-VM attack, we use VMware's Distributed Resource Scheduler (DRS) in charge of dynamic VM migration management. We perform a detailed analysis of the running of our experimentations by monitoring DRS details during the whole duration of the attack. We explore in various contexts the minimum amount of resources required for the attack to succeed. In our experimentation performed on small clusters, we observe higher vulnerability when the cluster gets larger and when DRS aggressiveness level gets higher. Finally, our experimentations show that the attack can be replayed several times to produce series of VM migrations.
Automated segmentation of pelvic bone structure in x-ray radiographs using active shape models and directed Hough transform (2008)

Traumatic pelvic injuries are often associated with severe, life-threatening hemorrhage, and immediate medical treatment is therefore vital. However, patient prognosis depends heavily on the type, location and severity of the bone fracture. Detecting these fractures can prove challenging for physicians due to the complexity of the pelvic bone structure, but is vital in identifying the most severe cases. X-ray imaging is fast and requires disruption to the patient, and is an important initial diagnostic step upon a patientpsilas admission. Therefore, automated fracture detection from initial patient X-rays can assist physicians in diagonsis and treatment. However, fractures in different areas of the pelvis display different characteristics in X-ray images. As a first and crucial step, the separate structures within the pelvis - in particular, the ilium and left and right acetabulum - must therefore be correctly segmented and identified in the x-ray image. This paper describes a algorithm for segmentation of these structures, using a hierarchical approach that combines directed Hough transform and active shape models. Unlike various other X-ray segmentation methods, the algorithm presented here both handles the inconsistencies between x-ray images in a clinical environment, and performs successfully in the presence of fracture.
Novel Haloperoxidase Reaction: Synthesis of Dihalogenated Products (1983)

The enzymatic synthesis of vicinal, dihalogenated products from alkenes and alkynes is described. The enzymatic reaction required an alkene or alkyne, dilute hydrogen peroxide, a haloperoxidase, and molar amounts of halide ions. Vicinal dichloro, dibromo, and diiodo products could be formed. A hydroxyl group on the carbon adjacent to the carbon-carbon double or triple bond lowered the halide ion concentration needed to produce the dihalo product. This reaction offers one explanation for the origin of natural, vicinal, dihalogenated products, such as those found frequently in marine microogranisms.
Characterizing and Detecting Surge and Co-Surge in Automotive Compressors (2016)

The instability phenomena associated with compressor surge impose limitations on the operation of turbocharged engines because of undesired noise, engine torque capability constraints, and hardware strain. Characterizing and detecting surge is of interest, e.g., when defining the useful operating range for a compressor or for advanced online mitigation techniques. To that end, an intensity metric based on classical wave theory is proposed. The metric is computed based on measurements capturing the surge oscillations in either pressure or mass flow. The metric characterizes how powerful the surge oscillations are and is effectively a scaling of the oscillation amplitude with the thermodynamic conditions. An algorithm for computing the intensity and detecting surge is developed and demonstrated on a single-turbo I-engine and a twin-turbo V-engine application exhibiting deep surge and co-surge, respectively. The advantages of the metric are highlighted and differences in using pressure versus mass flow sensors for computing the oscillation amplitudes are discussed.
Alteration in plasma testosterone levels in male mice lacking soluble epoxide hydrolase (2009)

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (Ephx2, sEH) is a bifunctional enzyme with COOH-terminal hydrolase and NH(2)-terminal phosphatase activities. sEH converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), and the phosphatase activity is suggested to be involved in cholesterol metabolism. EETs participate in a wide range of biological functions, including regulation of vascular tone, renal tubular transport, cardiac contractility, and inflammation. Inhibition of sEH is a potential approach for enhancing the biological activity of EETs. Therefore, disruption of sEH activity is becoming an attractive therapeutic target for both cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. To define the physiological role of sEH, we characterized a knockout mouse colony lacking expression of the Ephx2 gene. Lack of sEH enzyme is characterized by elevation of EET to DHET ratios in both the linoleate and arachidonate series in plasma and tissues of both female and male mice. In male mice, this lack of expression was also associated with decreased plasma testosterone levels, sperm count, and testicular size. However, this genotype was still able to sire litters. Plasma cholesterol levels also declined in this genotype. Behavior tests such as anxiety-like behavior and hedonic response were also examined in Ephx2-null and WT mice, as all can be related to hormonal changes. Null mice showed a level of anxiety with a decreased hedonic response. In conclusion, this study provides a broad biochemical, physiological, and behavioral characterization of the Ephx2-null mouse colony and suggests a mechanism by which sEH and its substrates may regulate circulating levels of testosterone through cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism.
An Information-Theoretic Approach to Distributed Compressed Sensing ∗ (2005)

Compressed sensing is an emerging field based on the revelation that a small group of linear projections of a sparse signal contains enough information for reconstruction. In this paper we introduce a new theory for distributed compressed sensing (DCS) that enables new distributed coding algorithms for multi-signal ensembles that exploit both intra- and inter-signal correlation structures. The DCS theory rests on a concept that we term the joint sparsity of a signal ensemble. We study a model for jointly sparse signals, propose algorithms for joint recovery of multiple signals from incoherent projections, and characterize the number of measurements per sensor required for accurate reconstruction. We establish a parallel with the Slepian-Wolf theorem from information theory and establish upper and lower bounds on the measurement rates required for encoding jointly sparse signals. In some sense DCS is a framework for distributed compression of sources with memory, which has remained a challenging problem for some time. DCS is immediately applicable to a range of problems in sensor networks and arrays. 1
FLAVIN‐MEDIATED PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS (1984)

Abstract A photoelectrochemical cell for hydrogen peroxide production using flavin photosystems is described. The anodic solution, which is kept free of oxygen by passing an Ar stream through it, contains the photoreceptor (flavin mononucleotide or lumiflavin) and the electron donor (EDTA, semicarbazide or hydroxylamine), while the peroxide is formed at the electrode of the cathodic solution, whose oxygen content is increased by bubbling with pure oxygen. Among several electrode metals that have been tested (Ag, Pt and Hg), Hg is the most efficient. The pH of the anodic and cathodic solutions should be adjusted to 14 and 1, respectively, for optimum results.
<title>Novel viewing zone control method for computer-generated integral 3-D imaging</title> (2004)

We propose a novel algorithm to maximize the viewing zone of integral 3-D imaging (II) display. In our algorithm, the elemental image array consists of two kinds of elemental images whose numbers of sub-pixels are <i>N</i> and (<i>N</i>+1). The pitch of exit pupils was set to be <i>N</i> times the width of the sub-pixel and an average width of elemental images was designed to exceed the pitch of the exit pupils to a small extent by distributing the elemental images consisting of (<i>N</i>+1) sub-pixels. Under this condition, all light rays generated from elemental images can be introduced to the viewing zone width (viewing width) on the viewing line at the distance <i>L</i> without converging points of light rays at around <i>L</i>. This algorithm was applied to one-dimensional II system with 32 parallax light rays using a 20.8”-QUXGA-LCD (192 ppi) equipped with a lenticular sheet. Then, the viewing width at 1.5 m was expanded to 500 mm, a value almost five times larger than the width of a conventional display system. Even if hardware configurations are fixed, our algorithm enables a viewing zone to be the maximum at a certain <i>L</i>.
Constitutive Transcriptional Activation by a β-Catenin-Tcf Complex in APC <sup>−/−</sup> Colon Carcinoma (1997)

The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein binds to beta-catenin, a protein recently shown to interact with Tcf and Lef transcription factors. The gene encoding hTcf-4, a Tcf family member that is expressed in colonic epithelium, was cloned and characterized. hTcf-4 transactivates transcription only when associated with beta-catenin. Nuclei of APC-/- colon carcinoma cells were found to contain a stable beta-catenin-hTcf-4 complex that was constitutively active, as measured by transcription of a Tcf reporter gene. Reintroduction of APC removed beta-catenin from hTcf-4 and abrogated the transcriptional transactivation. Constitutive transcription of Tcf target genes, caused by loss of APC function, may be a crucial event in the early transformation of colonic epithelium.