gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Porcine Brain Extract Attenuates Memory Impairments Induced by Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2009)

Problem statement: Stroke or cerebral ischemia has been recognized as one important problem worldwide. To date, the effectiveness of protective and therapeutic strategies against stroke is still very limited. Therefore, the development of novel strategy is required. Porcine brain is traditional believed to improve brain functions. Recent studies showed that the extract of porcine brain could protect against brain damage related to the oxidative stress, therefore, we hypothesized that it could protect against brain damage in stroke. Approach: To test the potential of porcine brain extract as the novel protective supplement against stroke, various doses of porcine brain extract at doses of 0.5 and 2.5 mg kg-1 b.w. were orally given to male Wistar rats, weighing 300-350 g, at the period of 14 days before and 21 days after the occlusion of right middle cerebral artery. Then, all rats were determined the neurological score, motor performance, cognitive function and brain infarct volume. Moreover, the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of the extract were also determined via the alteration of Malondialdehyde (MDA) or lipid peroxidation product and via the activities of scavenger enzymes including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione Peroxides (GPx). Results: The results showed that the low dose of porcine extract decreased the infarct volume and improved brain functions including neurological score, motor performance and memory deficit. In addition, it also decreased MDA but increased the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx. Conclusion: Our results suggested the potential role of porcine brain extract as neuroprotectant. The possible underlying mechanism appeared to be related to the enhanced activities of SOD, CAT and GPx which in turn resulted in the decrease MDA. Moreover, our findings may shed light on the pharmacologic basis for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine to protect against stroke.
Lentiviral vector transduction of spermatozoa as a tool for the study of early development (2014)

Spermatozoa and lentiviruses are two of nature's most efficient gene delivery vehicles. Both can be genetically modified and used independently for the generation of transgenic animals or gene transfer/therapy of inherited disorders. Here we show that mature spermatozoa can be directly transduced with various pseudotyped lentiviral vectors and used in in vitro fertilisation studies. Lentiviral vectors encoding Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) were shown to be efficiently processed and expressed in sperm. When these transduced sperm were used in in vitro fertilisation studies, GFP expression was observed in arising blastocysts. This simple technique of directly transducing spermatozoa has potential to be a powerful tool for the study of early and pre-implantation development and could be used as a technique in transgenic development and vertical viral transmission studies.
Role of Heating on Plasma-Activated Silicon Wafers Bonding (2009)

This paper reports on a comparative study of silicon wafer bonding using reactive ion etching (RIE) vs sequential plasma-activated bonding (SPAB). The study shows the measurement of silicon surface roughness and the investigation of heating influences on the bonding strength and microstructures of silicon∕silicon bonded interfaces as a function of the plasma processing parameters such as plasma time and gas pressure. In SPAB, the surfaces were activated using nitrogen radicals after treatment with RIE plasma for . The surface roughness created via RIE plasma is higher than that of the nitrogen radical. In both methods, although high strength bonding of silicon∕silicon interfaces was achieved before heating, bonding strength was reduced after heating except for the specimens activated for 10 and heated at in the RIE method. This reduction may be attributed to the growing number of voids generated across the bonded interface. High resolution transmission electron microscope observations showed a silicon oxide interfacial layer in the SPAB-processed silicon∕silicon interface, which is thicker than that of the RIE-processed interface without heating. After heating (at for in air), the thicknesses of the interfacial oxide layers were increased for both processes. The increased oxide layer thicknesses after heating are a result of the addition of thermally activated oxygen from water absorbed by the silicon bulk wafers and oxygen intrinsic to bulk silicon.
Evaluation of disinfectants in the domestic environment under ‘in use’ conditions (1984)

An 'in use' test was developed to investigate effectiveness of disinfectant application and of detergent of hot water cleaning at kitchen, bathroom and toilet sites in the domestic environment. Detergent and hot water cleaning produced no observable reduction in microbial contamination. Single and daily application tests demonstrated that hypochlorite and phenolic disinfectants can be used to produce substantial reductions in bacterial contamination in the home. Results indicate that maximum protection afforded by disinfection is relatively brief; 3-6 h after disinfection, contamination levels were only marginally less than those observed at pretreatment. Some suggestions are made for improvements in home hygiene.
Toward almost closed genomes with GapFiller (2012)

De novo assembly is a commonly used application of next-generation sequencing experiments. The ultimate goal is to puzzle millions of reads into one complete genome, although draft assemblies usually result in a number of gapped scaffold sequences. In this paper we propose an automated strategy, called GapFiller, to reliably close gaps within scaffolds using paired reads. The method shows good results on both bacterial and eukaryotic datasets, allowing only few errors. As a consequence, the amount of additional wetlab work needed to close a genome is drastically reduced. The software is available at http://www.baseclear.com/bioinformatics-tools/.
Hemodynamic effects of quinapril, a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (1990)

The hemodynamic effects of quinapril, a novel nonsulfhydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, were assessed in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Compared with placebo, quinapril (20 mg) administered twice daily for 4 weeks significantly lowered blood pressure by decreasing total peripheral resistance without producing tachycardia, an increase in cardiac output, or a rise in plasma catecholamines. Quinapril significantly reduced renal, but not forearm, vascular resistance. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and filtration fraction remained unchanged. Left ventricular wall stress was markedly reduced by quinapril, but during the relatively short treatment period, only a nonsignificant trend toward reduction in left ventricular mass was observed. These findings suggest that quinapril is an effective antihypertensive agent that lowers peripheral resistance without increasing cardiac output or disturbing autoregulation of renal hemodynamics.
The influence of height in robot-mediated communication (2013)

A large body of research in human communication has shown that a person's height plays a key role in how persuasive, attractive, and dominant others judge the person to be. Robotic telepresence systems - systems that combine video-conferencing capabilities with robotic navigation to allow geographically dispersed people to maneuver in remote locations - represent remote users, operators, to local users, locals, through the use of an alternate physical representation. In this representation, physical characteristics such as height are dictated by the manufacturer of the system. We conducted a two-by-two (relative system height: shorter vs. taller; team role: leader vs. follower), between-participants study (n = 40) to investigate how the system's height affects the local's perceptions of the operator and subsequent interactions. Our findings show that, when the system was shorter than the local and the operator was in a leadership role, the local found the operator to be less persuasive. Furthermore, having a leadership role significantly affected the local's feelings of dominance with regard to being in control of the conversation.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes between Original Breast Cancer and Xenograft Using Machine Learning Algorithms (2018)

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model is a cutting-edge approach for drug research on breast cancer. However, PDX still exhibits differences from original human tumors, thereby challenging the molecular understanding of tumorigenesis. In particular, gene expression changes after tissues are transplanted from human to mouse model. In this study, we propose a novel computational method by incorporating several machine learning algorithms, including Monte Carlo feature selection (MCFS), random forest (RF), and rough set-based rule learning, to identify genes with significant expression differences between PDX and original human tumors. First, 831 breast tumors, including 657 PDX and 174 human tumors, were collected. Based on MCFS and RF, 32 genes were then identified to be informative for the prediction of PDX and human tumors and can be used to construct a prediction model. The prediction model exhibits a Matthews coefficient correlation value of 0.777. Seven interpretable interactions within the informative gene were detected based on the rough set-based rule learning. Furthermore, the seven interpretable interactions can be well supported by previous experimental studies. Our study not only presents a method for identifying informative genes with differential expression but also provides insights into the mechanism through which gene expression changes after being transplanted from human tumor into mouse model. This work would be helpful for research and drug development for breast cancer.
Dietary supplement with vitamin C prevents nitrate tolerance. (1998)

Enhanced formation of superoxide radicals has been proposed to play a major role in the development of nitrate tolerance in humans. We tested the effects of vitamin C (Vit-C) supplementation on glyceroltrinitrate (GTN)-induced hemodynamic effects during 3-d nonintermittent transdermal administration of GTN (0.4 mg/h) in nine healthy subjects. Tolerance development was monitored by changes in arterial pressure, dicrotic digital pulse pressure, and heart rate. Studies with GTN, Vit-C, or GTN/Vit-C were successively carried out at random in three different series in the same subjects. GTN treatment caused an immediate rise in arterial conductivity (a/b ratio of dicrotic pulse), but within 2 d of initiating GTN, the a/b ratio progressively decreased and reached basal levels. In addition, there was a progressive loss of the orthostatic decrease in blood pressure. However, coadministration of Vit-C and GTN fully maintained the GTN-induced changes in the orthostatic blood pressure, and the rise of a/b ratio was augmented by 310% for the duration of the test period. Changes in vascular tolerance in GTN-treated subjects were paralleled by upregulation of the activity of isolated platelets, which was also reversed by Vit-C administration. These findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with Vit-C eliminates vascular tolerance and concomitant upregulation of ex vivo-washed platelet activity during long-term nonintermittent administration of GTN in humans.
A C terminus cysteine of diphtheria toxin B chain involved in immunotoxin cell penetration and cytotoxicity. (1988)

The role of diphtheria toxin (DT) B-chain subdomains in DT cytotoxicity and immunotoxin mechanism of action has been investigated. OKT3 (mAb to the CD3 surface Ag of human T lymphocytes) was conjugated to DT or the DT mutant CRM 1001, which has a cys----tyr substitution at position 471 of the B chain. OKT3-CRM 1001 immunotoxin was about 1400-fold less cytotoxic for CD3 Jurkat cells than OKT3-DT and had a 12-fold slower kinetics of protein synthesis inactivation, CRM 1001 killed DT-sensitive Vero cells at a 5000-fold higher concentration than DT. Its cell surface-binding activity was comparable to DT. Based on kinetics of cell inactivation, toxicity determination at low extracellular pH and Triton X-114 distribution, it was concluded that CRM 1001 is defective in at least one crucial step of toxin penetration and is unable to cross cell membranes as efficiently as DT. The substituted cysteine appears to be important for DT translocating functions. Data on the function of DT B-chain subdomains are relevant for the study of whole toxin conjugates and their mechanism of action.
[Retroviral vectors in gene therapy]. (2000)

This review describes the systems of retroviral transfer and expression of the genes that are widely applied in basic biological research and in gene therapy. Unique features of retroviruses providing a background for construction of retroviral vectors and the methods to use these vectors are discussed.
Design of Stable Polyether−Magnetite Complexes in Aqueous Media: Effects of the Anchor Group, Molecular Weight, and Chain Density (2011)

The colloidal stability of polymer-stabilized nanoparticles is critical for therapeutic use. However, phosphates in physiological media can induce polymer desorption and consequently flocculation. Colloidal characteristics of PEO-magnetite nanoparticles with different anchors for attaching PEO to magnetite were examined in PBS. The effects of the number of anchors, PEO molecular weight, and chain density were examined. It was observed that ammonium phosphonates anchored PEO to magnetite effectively in phosphate-containing solutions because of interactions between the phosphonates and magnetite. Additionally, a method to estimate the magnetite surface coverage was developed and was found to be critical to the prediction of colloidal stability. This is key to understanding how functionalized surfaces interact with their environment.
Chapter 11: Bowel Disorders (2017)

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction Fourth Edition VOLUMES I & II This page contains the DOI reference links for the online version of the Rome IV book, volumes I and II. If you have a Rome
NutBaaS: A Blockchain-as-a-Service Platform (2019)

Blockchain, originated from Bitcoin system, has drawn intense attention from the academic community because of its decentralization, persistency, anonymity and auditability. In the past decade, the blockchain technology has evolved and became viable for various applications beyond the domain of finance. However, due to the complexity of blockchain technology, it is usually difficult and costly for most developers or teams to build, maintain and monitor a blockchain network that supports their applications. Most common developers or teams are unable to ensure the reliability and security of the blockchain system, which to a certain extent affects the quality of their applications. In this paper, we develop a BaaS platform called NutBaaS, which provides blockchain service over cloud computing environments, such as network deployment and system monitoring, smart contracts analysis and testing. Based on these services, developers can focus on the business code to explore how to apply blockchain technology more appropriately to their business scenarios, without bothering to maintain and monitor the system.
The role of sigma-1 receptors in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases (2009)

The role of sigma-1 receptors in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases Masatomo Ishikawa, Kenji HashimotoDivision of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, JapanAbstract: The endoplasmic reticulum protein sigma-1 receptors, first regarded as opioid receptors and later confused as the phencyclidine (PCP) binding sites of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, are now confirmed to be independent receptors. They are involved in the modulation of various neurotransmitter systems and have a high affinity for diverse classes of psychotropic drugs. Accumulating evidence suggests that the sigma-1 receptors are implicated in higher-ordered brain functions and play important roles in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and dementia. Recently, sigma-1 receptors have been shown to function at the molecular level as “receptor chaperones.” This mechanism may unify the explanation of the role of sigma-1 receptors in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. With the development of the positron emission tomography (PET) ligand [11C]SA4503, it has become possible to visualize sigma-1 receptors and estimate the sigma-1 receptor occupancy of drugs in the human brain. This approach may provide additional information on the function of sigma-1 receptors. This article reviews the function of sigma-1 receptors and attempts to reinterpret their role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases based on their new description as “receptor chaperones.”Keywords: sigma-1 receptor, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, positron emission tomography
Acupuncture for polycystic ovarian syndrome (protocol) (2009)

To assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture treatment for subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
Cell–Cell Communication in Biofilms of Gram‐Negative Bacteria (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction QS in Gram-Negative Bacteria QS and Biofilm Formation QS-Regulated Factors Involved in Biofilm Formation QS as a Target for the Eradication of Biofilms Interspecies Signaling in Mixed Biofilms Conclusions References
Nonlinear seismo-acoustic land mine detection: Field test (2001)

The paper presents results of the field test of the nonlinear seismo-acoustic technique for detection and discrimination of land mines [D. Donskoy, SPIE 3392 (1998); 3710 (1999)]. The tests were conducted in summer 2001 at the U.S. Army outdoor testing facilities. Plastic antitank mines (M19, VS1.6, VS2.2) and plastic antipersonnel mines (M14, VS50, TS50) were confidently detected at their maximum burial depths in both gravel and dirt lanes. Mine M14 is one of the smallest mine and practically undetectable by the competitive techniques, including NQR, GPR, etc. The test proved that the developed nonlinear seismo-acoustic detection approach is very sensitive to AT and AP mines, while completely insensitive to false targets, such as rocks, chunks of metal or wood, thus promising to deliver high probability of detection with low false alarm rate. The results of the tests are in good agreement with the developed physical model of the seismo-acoustic detection. [Work supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under Grant Nos. DAAG55-98-1-0402 and DAAD19-00-1-0039.]
A test and maintenance controller for a module containing testable chips (2003)

A design of a module test and maintenance controller (MMC) is presented. Driven by structured test programs, an MMC is able to test every chip in a module via an ETM-BUS or a boundary scan bus. More than one test bus can be controlled by an MMC. MMC processor instructions, when executed, produce bus timing sequences which control a chip's BIT structures. The proposed MMC is a universal design. The difference between MMCs on different modules is the test programs which they executed and the number of test buses they control. Performance analysis indicates that either a RISC (reduced-instruction-set computer)-type processor or DMA controller is required in the MMC. Some self-test features of the MMC are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
sp<sup>3</sup> C–H Bond Activation with Ruthenium(II) Catalysts and C(3)-Alkylation of Cyclic Amines (2011)

A selective C(3)-alkylation via activation/functionalization of sp3 C–H bond of saturated cyclic amines was promoted by (arene)ruthenium(II) complexes featuring a bidentate phosphino-sulfonate ligand upon reaction with aldehydes. This highly regioselective sustainable transformation takes place via initial dehydrogenation of cyclic amines and hydrogen autotransfer processes.
Mind and Tachyons: How Tachyon Changes Quantum Potential and Brain Creates Mind (2010)

We propose that memory and thought in the brain involve tachyons. As a first step, in an earlier paper it was suggested that mental units called psychons by Eccles could be tachyons. Although experiments to detect faster-than-light particles have not been successful so far, recently, there has been renewed interest in tachyon theories in various branches of physics. We suggest that tachyon theory may be applicable to brain physics as well. The present paper describes how the zero-energy tachyon field has various features of mind-fields which have been postulated by some well known mind-matter researchers. We propose that the relation between the tachyon field and the change it produces in the quantum potential of the system with which the tachyon interacts is similar to the relation between an algorithm and its representation stored in a computer (digital or quantum). The quantum potential which is software-like, and the holographic memory which is database-like, both provide codes in the hardware-like physical brain, for the “real information” or the “meaning” which consists of tachyons. We show that our proposal can mathematically describe how mind acts on the physical brain as well as how the brain acts on mind. As an example of how the brain creates experience in the form of tachyons, we explain the Libet delay-and-antedating paradox using this proposal.
Manipulation of the superantigen‐induced lymphokine response. Selective induction of interleukin‐10 or interferon‐γ synthesis in small resting CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (1993)

The production of several lymphokines by freshly isolated CD4+ T cells has been analyzed at the single-cell level, after stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). High frequencies of cells producing interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were induced, but very low frequencies of CD4+ T cells produced IL-4, IL-5 or IL-10 in response to SEB. Exogenously added IL-4 markedly altered the lymphokine profile induced during primary SEB stimulation. IFN-gamma production was reduced, while a high fraction of cells contained IL-10 and IL-4 after activation in the presence of IL-4. We further demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-10 or IFN-gamma production was selectively induced in resting, high-density CD4+ T cells during primary stimulation, by SEB + IL-4 or SEB. Under conditions where both IL-10 and IFN-gamma were produced, most cells contained only one of the two lymphokines.