gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Approach to Barite Sag Analysis on Field Muds (2013)

Barite or weight material sag remains a poorly understood problem for drilling fluids, and prevention efforts related to drilling fluid properties or drilling practices seem inadequate. This paper presents the analysis of drilling fluid field samples that were in use during the work by major operators. These samples were tested for barite sag behaviour using the Dynamic High Angle Sag Tester (DHAST™) tool and a sequence of rheology tests. The DHAST tool was used to measure the sag rate of drilling fluids under different non-conventional shear rate conditions chosen to closely match sag-prone shearing conditions in the field. All drilling fluids were compared at the selected low shear rates. Results from this analysis compared well with observations made in the field, in terms of sag potential, at specified shear rate conditions. Rheological tests (flow curve analysis, gel strength, oscillatory amplitude, frequency and time sweeps tests) were also performed to understand the structure building/breakdown process and yielding behaviour of the fluids. These provided several good correlations with observed barite sag performance on the DHAST tool. The most applicable for potential field testing was a simple flow curve analysis at low to ultra-low shear rates. A comparison of the slope of viscosity curve as a function of shear stress revealed an excellent correlation with DHAST tool results, with fluids having a lower slope demonstrating increased probability for sag.
Design of a cone-penetrometer-compatible probe and housing: The LLNL Raman probe (1999)

An integrated infinity-focused fiber optic probe designed for cone penetrometer and hand-held use and constructed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories is described and evaluated for performance. Throughput efficiency is calculated, distance dependence, background levels, and sensitivity to heterogeneity in samples is evaluated. Representative spectra are presented that make use of the major performance advantages of this probe, which are (a) background rejection, (b) low sample light fluences, (c) distant viewing, (d) sample penetration, and (e) sample averaging capability.
Microshell®-Tipped Optical Fibers As Sensors Of High-Pressure Pulses In Adverse Environments (1984)

We have developed and used an optical-fiber sensor for detecting the arrival of strong pressure pulses. The sensor consists of an optical fiber, tipped with a gas-filled microballoon. They have been used successfully in adverse environments including explosives, ballistics and electromagnetic pulses (EMP). The sensor produces a bright optical pulse caused by the rapid shock-heating of a gas, typically argon or xenon, which is con-fined in the spherical glass or plastic microballoon. The light pulse is transmitted via the optical fiber to a photo detector, usually a streak camera or photomultiplier tube. The microballoon optical sensor (called an optical "pin" by analogy to standard electri-cal "pins"), was originally developed for diagnosing an explosive, pulsed-power generator. Optical pins are required due to the EMP. The optical pins are economical arrival-time indicators because many channels can be recorded by one streak camera. The generator tests and related experiments, involving projectile velocities and detonation velocities of several kilometers per sec have demonstrated the usefulness of the sensors in explosives and ballistics applications. We have also measured the sensitivity of the optical pins to slowly-moving projectiles and found that a 200 m/sec projectile impacting the microballoon sensor produces a flash having a risetime less than 100 ns and a pulse duration (FWHM) of less than 300 ns. The technical and cost advantages of this optical pin make it potentially useful for many electromagnetic, explosive, and ballistics applications.
Biologically inspired synthesis of bone‐like composite: Self‐assembled collagen fibers/hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (2003)

Replacement of bone tissue by graft materials and products of tissue engineering having composition, structure, and biological features that mimic natural tissue is a goal to be pursued. A biomimetic synthesis was performed to prepare new bone-like composites constituted of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and self-assembled type I collagen fibers. We used a biological inspired approach that proved that the biological systems stored and processed information at the molecular level. Two different methodologies were used: dispersion of synthetic hydroxyapatite in telopeptides free collagen molecules solution and direct nucleation of hydroxyapatite into reconstituted collagen fibers during their assembling. The different preparation techniques were experimented then the composites thoroughly characterized and compared. Composite obtained by direct nucleation showed an intimated interaction of the inorganic and proteic components, which modified the apatitic phase and made its composition, morphology and structure similar to the mineral component of natural bone.
Velocity Matching in BaTiO3 Thin Film Electrooptic Waveguide Modulators (2005)

Near velocity-matched coplanar strip electrodes for high-speed BaTiO3 thin film electro-optic modulators are achieved. The velocity mismatch between optical wave and microwave is 2%. Microwave loss and impedance of the electrodes are measured.
Creation of a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor and its biological effects (2015)

We report the development of a potent, selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitor. This HDAC6 inhibitor blocks growth of normal and transformed cells but does not induce death of normal cells. The HDAC6 inhibitor alone is as effective as paclitaxel in anticancer activity in tumor-bearing mice.
Calculating Casing Leak Cross Flow Rate Using Surface Injection Data (2017)

Abstract This paper will present calculation techniques to predict the cross flow rate resulting from a casing leak in a water injection well. The techniques do not require the conventional use of downhole flowmeter (spinner) to obtain the flow rate. Rather, continuous surface injection data prior to leak development and shut-in well data are used to estimate the casing leak cross flow rate. Well performance modeling and nodal analysis techniques were deployed to carry out the computations associated with the proposed method. The case study of this paper is a tubingless water injector. The well was identified with an upward cross flow by a sudden drop of wellhead pressure to zero psi. To quantify the leak cross flow rate, the following calculation methodology was applied: Generating a well performance model using pre-leak injection data: The case study's physical dimensions, most recent static bottomhole pressure, and injection pressures and rates are all used to build the inflow performance model (IPR). The calculated IPR is then calibrated using the wellhead (surface) injection pressures and rates data. Generating an imaginary production well model: A production well mimicking the flow characteristics and properties of the case study is envisioned to simulate leak cross flow at shut-in conditions. The imaginary production well has the same reservoir pressure of the injection well and the productivity index of the imaginary well is assumed to be equal to the injectivity index of the injector. The imaginary production well's system node is selected to be at the leak point and performance curves are generated at different system's node pressures. Calculating the system's node pressure of the imaginary production well: The pressure across the leak point is needed as an input to the production well model (which simulate the cross flow rate). The leak zone and water level depths were identified using a gauge ring survey. Hence, the system's node pressure was calculated using Bernoulli energy balance equation. The results of this numerical methodology was verified by running an e-line deployed flowmeter (spinner survey). The results of the numerical methodology was 1.37 % over the actual spinner rate measurement.
Photochromic compounds: Chemistry and application in ophthalmic lenses (1996)

Abstract
Sensor Detects Overheating Of Perishable Material (1990)

Experimental temperature sensor changes color rapidly and irreversibly when temperature rises above pre-determined level. Based on reactions of enzymes in paraffins, blended so mixture melts at temperature considered maximum safe value. Similar devices used to detect temperature abuse, whether foods or medicines refrigerated exposed to excessive temperatures during shipment and storage. By viewing sensor, receiving clerk tells immediately whether product maintained at safe temperatures and acceptable.
The preliminary clinical trial of a multichannel cochlear implant hearing prosthesis (1983)

First Page
The Use of Predictive Annotation for Question Answering in TREC8. (1999)

This paper introduces the technique of Predictive Annotation, a methodology for indexing texts for retrieval aimed at answering fact-seeking questions. The essence of the approach can be stated simply: index the answers. This is done by establishing about 20 classes of objects that can be identified in text by shallow parsing, and by annotating and indexing the text with these labels, which we call QA-Tokens. Given a question, its class is identified and the question is modified accordingly to include the appropriate token(s). The search engine is modified to rank and return short passages of text rather than documents. The QA-Tokens are used in later stages of analysis to extract the supposed answers from these returned passages. Finally, all potential answers are ranked using a novel formula, which determines which ones among them are most likely to be correct.
Automatic section thickness determination using an absolute gradient focus function (2012)

Quantitative analysis of microstructures using computerized stereology systems is an essential tool in many disciplines of bioscience research. Section thickness determination in current nonautomated approaches requires manual location of upper and lower surfaces of tissue sections. In contrast to conventional autofocus functions that locate the optimally focused optical plane using the global maximum on a focus curve, this study identified by two sharp 'knees' on the focus curve as the transition from unfocused to focused optical planes. Analysis of 14 grey-scale focus functions showed, the thresholded absolute gradient function, was best for finding detectable bends that closely correspond to the bounding optical planes at the upper and lower tissue surfaces. Modifications to this function generated four novel functions that outperformed the original. The 'modified absolute gradient count' function outperformed all others with an average error of 0.56 μm on a test set of images similar to the training set; and, an average error of 0.39 μm on a test set comprised of images captured from a different case, that is, different staining methods on a different brain region from a different subject rat. We describe a novel algorithm that allows for automatic section thickness determination based on just out-of-focus planes, a prerequisite for fully automatic computerized stereology.
7-Nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole Derivatives, a New Class of Suicide Inhibitors for Glutathione S-Transferases (2005)

Spectroscopic and rapid kinetic experiments were performed to detail the interaction of human glutathione S-transferases GSTA1-1, GSTM2-2, and GSTP1-1 with 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio)hexanol (NBDHEX). This compound is a representative molecule of a new class of 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) derivatives (non-GSH peptidomimetic compounds) that have been designed both to give strong GST inhibition and to accumulate in tumor cells avoiding the extrusion mechanisms mediated by the multidrug resistance protein pumps. We have recently shown that submicromolar amounts of NBDHEX trigger apoptosis in several human tumor cell lines through the dissociation of the JNK.GSTP1-1 complex (Turella, P., Cerella, C., Filomeni, G., Bullo, A., De Maria, F., Ghibelli, L., Ciriolo, M. R., Cianfriglia, M., Mattei, M., Federici, G., Ricci, G., and Caccuri, A. M. (2005) Cancer Res. 65, 3751-3761). Results reported in the present study indicated that NBDHEX behaves like a suicide inhibitor for GSTs. It bound to the H-site and was conjugated with GSH forming a sigma complex at the C-4 of the benzoxadiazole ring. This complex was tightly stabilized in the active site of GSTP1-1 and GSTM2-2, whereas in GSTA1-1 the release of the 6-mercapto-1-hexanol from the sigma complex was the favored event. Docking studies demonstrated the likely localization of the sigma complex in the GST active sites and provide a structural explanation for its strong stabilization.
Segmented Kalman Filter Based Antistrong Transient Impact Method for Vortex Flowmeter (2016)

Vortex flowmeter is installed in piping to measure the fluid flow rate. The piping is easily disturbed by strong transient impact in the application fields, such as other components impacting on the pipeline, manual knocking on the pipe, and opening and closing of valves. The strong transient impact will be picked up by the vortex flow sensor, which makes the vortex flowmeter output wrong measurement results. The current commonly used digital signal processing method can do nothing about it. To solve this problem, an experimental setup is built in our laboratory to study the impact interference, and a large number of vortex flow sensor output signals are collected. The characteristics of transient impacts outputted by the vortex sensor are analyzed so as to describe this type of signal quantitatively. The pattern of transient impact is that the signal amplitudes increase suddenly and then attenuate gradually. A segmented Kalman filter based digital signal processing method is proposed according to this pattern. The data segment containing strong transient impact is found first; the transient impact power is reduced by filtering the data segment second; and through spectral analysis of the filtered signal, the maximum peak of the spectrum is extracted as the vortex flow signal finally. The algorithm is implemented in real time by a low-power microcontroller. Both gas and water flow experiments have been conducted to verify the validity and reliability of the antistrong transient impact algorithm.
Augmented Reality 3D Displays With Micro Integral Imaging (2014)

In this paper, we present a 3D augmented reality micro integral imaging display system by combining conventional integral imaging and an augmented reality technique. Compared with conventional integral imaging, our proposed system has two advantages: 1) it provides 3D augmented reality display capability and 2) it has a compact design. To validate the feasibility of our proposed method, we experimented with a 3D scene and used two computer-generated objects for augmented reality. By combining the captured 2D elemental images of the 3D object and the computer generated virtual objects, we reconstruct 3D images for the augmented reality micro integral imaging display system. To the best of our knowledge, the first report on a video see through 3D augmented reality display has been experimentally demonstrated with a micro integral imaging display system. The proposed 3D system has potential to be applied to the head mounted display system due to its small form factor.
Multiple Amb a I allergens demonstrate specific reactivity with IgE and T cells from ragweed-allergic patients (1991)

The relationship between the structure and abundance of an inhaled protein and its potential for causing an allergic response is unknown. This study analyzes Amb a I, a family of related proteins formerly known as Ag E, that comprise the major allergens of short ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). T cells isolated from ragweed allergic patients were shown to proliferate in response to purified Amb a I.1 protein from pollen in in vitro secondary cultures, demonstrating the presence of T cell stimulatory epitopes in Amb a I.1. Three recombinant forms of Amb a I (Amb a I.1, Amb a I.2, and Amb a I.3) obtained as cDNA derived from pollen mRNA were expressed in bacteria. All three recombinant forms were shown to be specifically recognized by pooled ragweed-allergic human IgE on immunoblots, confirming these gene products are important allergens. An examination of immunoblots probed with sera derived from allergic patients revealed a variation in IgE binding specificity. A minority of patients' IgE exclusively reacted with recombinant Amb a I.1, whereas most patients' IgE reacted with Amb a I.1 as well as Amb a I.2 and Amb a I.3 proteins. A detailed examination of the reactivity of T cells derived from 12 allergic patients to these recombinant Amb a I forms revealed that these allergens are all capable of stimulating T cell proliferation in in vitro assays. It is concluded that the allergic response to ragweed pollen in most allergic patients is composed of a reaction to multiple related Amb a I proteins at both the B and T cell levels.
Enzymatic Approach to Syntheses of Unnatural Beta-Lactams (1984)

Four enzymes associated with the transformation of the peptide delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) into the beta-lactam antibiotic desacetylcephalosporin C have been isolated from the prokaryotic organism Streptomyces clavuligerus and immobilized. Appropriate choice of the cofactors allows continuous and quantitative conversion of the peptide into either penicillins or cephalosporins at room temperature. The overall process includes four oxidations, two ring closures, and one epimerization. In contrast, cell-free transformations with the eukaryotic organism Cephalosporium acremonium do not proceed beyond the oxidation level of penicillin. The amino acids of the natural peptide ACV can be altered by chemical means; several of the resulting peptides are converted into novel antibiotics by the enzymes of Streptomyces clavuligerus.
Synthesis and biological activity of some esters of the N-acetylglucosaminyl aglycone and of the aglycone of teicoplanin. (1987)

A series of ester derivatives of teicoplanin-N-acetylglucosaminyl aglycone (T-A3-2) and deglucoteicoplanin was prepared starting from teicoplanin and from the corresponding deglycosylation compounds. The modification of the ionic and lipophilic character of the parent antibiotic strongly influences the spectrum of antibacterial activity in vitro.
<title>Hard-clipped two-beam coupling correlators</title> (1993)

An all optical nonlinear joint transform correlator is proposed and demonstrated. A hard- limiting quadratic nonlinearity is used in the Fourier plane to allow the first implementation of a phase only filter using photorefractive materials.
A BIST scheme for the detection of path-delay faults (2002)

Path-delay faults represent a fault model that is commonly used to detect timing anomalies in a circuit. Unlike stuck-at faults which can be detected using ATE at lower speed, test for path-delay faults require ATEs that can run at the clock frequency of the circuit under-test. However, with ever-increasing circuit-speed and complexity, ATEs are unable to keep up with this growing trend. Moreover running deterministic tests for timing related defects on expensive ATEs for high-speed circuits consume enormous test application time. In this paper, we propose a BIST methodology for path-delay faults in sequential circuits. The proposed technique is based on an existing BIST architecture for stuck-at faults such that timing faults in a circuit can also be addressed with minimum additional effort. A new clocking scheme along with a novel technique for placing observation points that increases the fault coverage for path-delay faults is presented. Experimental results on some benchmark circuits show high path-delay fault coverage for sequential circuits.
Efficient Top-k Query Evaluation on Probabilistic Data (2007)

Modern enterprise applications are forced to deal with unreliable, inconsistent and imprecise information. Probabilistic databases can model such data naturally, but SQL query evaluation on probabilistic databases is difficult: previous approaches have either restricted the SQL queries, or computed approximate probabilities, or did not scale, and it was shown recently that precise query evaluation is theoretically hard. In this paper we describe a novel approach, which computes and ranks efficiently the top-k answers to a SQL query on a probabilistic database. The restriction to top-k answers is natural, since imprecisions in the data often lead to a large number of answers of low quality, and users are interested only in the answers with the highest probabilities. The idea in our algorithm is to run in parallel several Monte-Carlo simulations, one for each candidate answer, and approximate each probability only to the extent needed to compute correctly the top-k answers.
HitFraud: A Broad Learning Approach for Collective Fraud Detection in Heterogeneous Information Networks (2017)

On electronic game platforms, different payment transactions have different levels of risk. Risk is generally higher for digital goods in e-commerce. However, it differs based on product and its popularity, the offer type (packaged game, virtual currency to a game or subscription service), storefront and geography. Existing fraud policies and models make decisions independently for each transaction based on transaction attributes, payment velocities, user characteristics, and other relevant information. However, suspicious transactions may still evade detection and hence we propose a broad learning approach leveraging a graph based perspective to uncover relationships among suspicious transactions, i.e., inter-transaction dependency. Our focus is to detect suspicious transactions by capturing common fraudulent behaviors that would not be considered suspicious when being considered in isolation. In this paper, we present HitFraud that leverages heterogeneous information networks for collective fraud detection by exploring correlated and fast evolving fraudulent behaviors. First, a heterogeneous information network is designed to link entities of interest in the transaction database via different semantics. Then, graph based features are efficiently discovered from the network exploiting the concept of meta-paths, and decisions on frauds are made collectively on test instances. Experiments on real-world payment transaction data from Electronic Arts demonstrate that the prediction performance is effectively boosted by HitFraud with fast convergence.