gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital integral cloaking (2016)

Toward the goal of achieving broadband and omnidirectional invisibility, we propose a method for practical invisibility cloaking. We call this “digital cloaking,” where space, angle, spectrum, and phase are discretized. Experimentally, we demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) planar, ray optics, digital cloak by using lenticular lenses, similar to “integral imaging” for three-dimensional (3D) displays. Theoretically, this can be extended to a good approximation of an “ideal” 3D cloak. With continuing improvements in commercial digital technology, the resolution limitations of a digital cloak can be minimized.
Capacity of MIMO systems with antenna selection (2005)

We consider the capacity of multiple-input multiple-output systems with reduced complexity. One link-end uses all available antennas, while the other chooses the L out of N antennas that maximize capacity. We derive an upper bound on the capacity that can be expressed as the sum of the logarithms of ordered chi-square-distributed variables. This bound is then evaluated analytically and compared to the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that the achieved capacity is close to the capacity of a full-complexity system provided that L is at least as large as the number of antennas at the other link-end. For example, for L = 3, N = 8 antennas at the receiver and three antennas at the transmitter, the capacity of the reduced-complexity scheme is 20 bits/s/Hz compared to 23 bits/s/Hz of a full-complexity scheme. We also present a suboptimum antenna subset selection algorithm that has a complexity of N/sup 2/ compared to the optimum algorithm with a complexity of (N/sub L/).
Dyed polymeric microparticle colloid dispersions for full colour electrophoretic displays (2010)

Realizing bright and vivid full colour performance in electrophoretic displays presents a significant challenge to display architects and material designers. A range of dyed polymeric microparticles with tunable size, charge and colour have been developed. When formulated as colloidal dispersions in low dielectric constant media, the particles are electrophoretically active and are suitable for use in full colour or monochrome electrophoretic displays.
Influence of alkali metal additives on phase transition of translucent ZrO2/SiO2 glass ceramics prepared by a sol-gel method (2015)

Influence of alkali metal additives on phase transition of translucent ZrO2/SiO2 glass ceramics prepared by a sol-gel method
Si <sub>3.5</sub> Sb <sub>2</sub> Te <sub>3</sub> Phase Change Material for Low-Power Phase Change Memory Application (2010)

Novel Si3.5Sb2Te3 phase change material for phase change memory is prepared by sputtering of Si and Sb2Te3 alloy targets. Crystalline Si3.5Sb2Te3 is a stable composite material consisting of amorphous Si and crystalline Sb2Te3, without separated Te phase. The thermally stable Si3.5Sb2Te3 material has data retention ability (10 years at 412K) better than that of the Ge2Sb2Te5 material (10 years at 383 K). Phase change memory device based on Si3.5Sb2Te3 is successfully fabricated, showing low power consumption. Up to 2.2 × 107 cycles of endurance have been achieved with a resistance ratio lager than 300.
Robust Cell Imaging Through Anderson Localizing Optical Fiber based on Deep Learning (2019)

Robust artifact-free cell imaging is demonstrated by combing a meter-long Anderson localizing optical fiber with deep learning using incoherent illumination. The tolerance to fiber bending can reach ∼3 degrees for high-fidelity cell-image transport. © 2019 The Author(s)
Biomarkers in Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma: Predictors of progression and prognosis (2010)

Barrett's esophagus is a well-known premalignant lesion of the lower esophagus that is characterized by intestinal metaplasia of the squamous epithelium. It is clinically important due to the increased risk (0.5% per annum) of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), which has a poor outcome unless diagnosed early. The current clinical management of Barrett's esophagus is hampered by the lack of accurate predictors of progression. In addition, when patients develop EA, the current staging modalities are limited in stratifying patients into different prognostic groups in order to guide the optimal therapy for an individual patient. Biomarkers have the potential to improve radically the clinical management of patients with Barrett's esophagus and EA but have not yet entered mainstream clinical practice. This is in contrast to other cancers like breast and prostate for which biomarkers are utilized routinely to inform clinical decisions. This review aims to highlight the most promising predictive and prognostic biomarkers in Barrett's esophagus and EA and to discuss what is required to move the field forward towards clinical application.
On coexistence of unicast and multicast traffic in relay-enabled wireless networks (2008)

Relay-enabled wireless networks (eg. WIMAX 802.16j) coupled with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) as the air interface technology represent an emerging trend in future wireless infrastructure deployments. While the flexibility of OFDMA allows accommodation of heterogeneous (unicast and multicast) traffic, its combination with relays opens up a multitude of diversity and spatial reuse gains. However, leveraging these benefits to efficiently handle heterogeneous traffic calls for more sophisticated solutions, among which, user scheduling forms a key component. We ask the following specific question in this work: Can unicast and multicast traffic efficiently coexist in an OFDMA-based wireless relay network? We address the question by first identifying the key challenges that make coexistence difficult in the target environment. We show that scheduling of unicast and multicast traffic is tightly coupled even if they are isolated through orthogonal spectral allocations. We also show that the nature of gains that optimize the individual traffic are complementary and hence reveal a fundamental tradeoff in jointly optimizing the system for both unicast and multicast traffic in tandem. Using the insights gained, we propose an integrated scheduling strategy that strikes a good balance in delivering efficient performance to both the unicast and multicast flows. The proposed solution yields gains of over 60% over individual traffic specific strategies.
<title>Survey Of Holographic Stereograms</title> (1983)

Holography's effectiveness as a visual medium is often constrained by the variety of scenes that it can render. Here we survey progress over the past fifteen years in the synthesis of quasi-holographic images from sequences of discrete perspective views, such as photographs and X-ray images. Paralleling the development of display holograms, holographic stereograms have evolved from laser illumination to white-light illumination, with improvements in the image quality and ease of viewing.
Direct Liquid Jet-Impingment Cooling With Micron-Sized Nozzle Array and Distributed Return Architecture (2006)

We demonstrate submerged single-phase direct liquid-jet-impingement cold plates that use arrays of jets with diameters in the range of 31 to 126 mum and cell pitches from 100 to 500 mum for high power-density microprocessor cooling applications. Using parallel inlet and outlet manifolds, a distributed return concept for easy scaling to 40,000 cells on an area of 4 cm was implemented. Pressure drops < 0.1 bar at 2.5 1/min flow rate have been reached with a hierarchical tree-like double-branching manifold. Experiments were carried out with water jets having Reynolds numbers smaller than 900 at nozzle to heater gaps ranging between 3 to 300 mum. We identified four flow regimes, namely, pinch-off, transition, impingement, and separation, with different influences on heat-removal and pressure-drop characteristics. Parametric analysis resulted in an optimal heat-removal rate of 420 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using water as a coolant. For a near optimal design with a gap to inlet diameter ratio of 1.2, we measured a heat-transfer coefficient of 8.7 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> K and a junction to inlet fluid unit thermal resistance of 0.17 Kcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> /W (720 mum chip), which is equivalent to a 370 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> cooling performance at a junction to inlet fluid temperature rise of 63 degC, a pressure drop of 0.35 bar, and a flow rate of 2.5 1/min
Importance of air pressure in the compensation for the solar radiation effect on temperature sensors of radiosondes (2016)

Solar radiation affects temperature measurements by radiosondes considerably in the upper air. In the present study, the effect of both radiation intensity and air pressure on the temperature measurement of radiosonde sensors, as well as reference temperature sensors for comparison, was studied using a home-built chamber allowing light transmission and pressure control. Temperature measurements were conducted both in the illuminated area and the shaded area inside the radiosonde chamber and the temperature difference (ΔT) between the two was considered for the compensation of radiation. It was found that the temperature difference is linearly proportional to the radiation intensity experimentally as well as theoretically. The effect of air pressure is significant in such a way that the temperature difference rapidly increases up to about 5.5 K under 356.5 W m−2 as the air pressure is decreased down to 1 kPa. The characteristic behaviours of the pressure-dependent temperature deviation are explained by heat transfer equations. The present study emphasizes the importance of considering both radiation intensity and air pressure in efforts to calibrate radiosonde sensors for the solar radiation effect using ground facilities.
Molecular Cloning of a Ripening-Specific Lipoxygenase and Its Expression during Wild-Type and Mutant Tomato Fruit Development (1997)

A 94-kD protein that accumulates predominately in tomato (Ly-copersicon esculentum) fruit during ripening was purified, and antibodies specific for the purified protein were used to isolate cDNA clones from a red-ripe fruit cDNA library. A sequence analysis of these cDNAs and cross-reactivity of the 94-kD-specific antibodies to the soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) L-1, L-2, and L-3 proteins and soybean LOX L-1-specific antibodies to the 94-kD protein identified it as a member of the LOX gene family. Maximum levels of the 94-kD LOX mRNA and protein are present in breaker to ripe and red-ripe stages, respectively. Expression of 94-kD LOX in different tissues from mature green and red-ripe tomato fruits was found to be greatest in the radial walls of ripe fruit, but immunocytolocalization using tissue printing suggests that the highest accumulation of its protein occurs in locular jelly. None of 94-kD LOX is expressed in nonripening mutant fruits of any age. Never-ripe mutant fruit accumulate the 94-kD LOX mRNA to levels similar to those obtained in wild-type fruit, but fail to accumulate the 94-kD LOX protein. Collectively, the results show that expression of 94-kD LOX is regulated by the ripening process, and ethylene may play a role in its protein accumulation.
P-brush: Continuous valued MRFs with normed pairwise distributions for image segmentation (2009)

Interactive image segmentation traditionally involves the use of algorithms such as graph cuts or random walker. Common concerns with using graph cuts are metrication artifacts (blockiness) and the shrinking bias (bias towards shorter boundaries). The random walker avoids these problems, but suffers from the proximity bias (sensitivity to location of pixels labeled by the user). In this work, we introduce a new family of segmentation algorithms that includes graph cuts and random walker as special cases. We explore image segmentation using continuous-valued Markov random fields (MRFs) with probability distributions following the p-norm of the difference between configurations of neighboring sites. For p=1 these MRFs may be interpreted as the standard binary MRF used by graph cuts, while for p=2 these MRFs may be viewed as Gaussian MRFs employed by the random walker algorithm. By allowing the probability distribution for neighboring sites to take any arbitrary p-norm (p ≥ 1), we pave the path for hybrid extensions of these algorithms. Experiments show that the use of a fractional p (1 <; p <; 2) can be used to resolve the aforementioned drawbacks of these algorithms.
Rigid-rod Benzobisazole Polymers Containing Benzothiazole Pendent Groups (1989)

Novel polybenzobisazoles containing benzothiazole pendent groups were prepared by the reaction of 2-benzothiazole or 2,5-dibenzothiazole terephthalic acids with the appropriate aminomercapto, aminohydroxy or tetraamino -nonomers in poly phosphoric acid at elevated temperatures. The polymerizations were carried out at concentrations (10-18%) which would promote anisotropic reaction mixtures. Intrinsic viscosities in the range of 4-19 dl/g were measured in methanesulfonic acid at 30°C. Thermogravimetric-mass spectral analysis in vacuo showed that the pendent benzothia zole group was the initial product of thermal degradation, maximizing at 590°C. Anisotropic polymerization mixtures could be wet-spun into fibres with modulus values between 25-30 Msi and tenacity values up to 350 Ksi.
Abstract 7: Berg <i>Interrogative Biology</i>™ platform unravels novel biomarkers FLNB and LY9 in combination with PSA enhances specificity in serum of patients with prostate cancer. (2013)

Abstract Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test is the predominant screening test for prostate cancer. Utility is limited by the low predictive power to differentiate patients with indolent tumors from aggressive disease with potential for metastasis. Identification of potential biomarkers to increase prediction of patient population with propensity for progression to metastatic disease remains the overarching unmet need in prostate cancer screening. This study reports the identification of a panel of potential biomarkers using the Berg Interrogative Biology™ platform, a novel non-hypothesis driven approach to characterize disease specific molecular signatures for the identification of physiological drivers of disease etiology. Filamin B (FLNB) and lymphocyte antigen 9 (LY9) were two of several markers identified from a high confidence causal network of prostate cancer model using the Berg Interrogative Biology™ platform. Both FLNB and LY9 were validated in a small case-control retrospective study in human serum samples of patients with prostate cancer and age-matched normal controls. The utility of FLNB and LY9 as potential biomarkers in prostate cancer was determined by comparing the serum levels to that of PSA to establish benchmark comparison. Statistically significant elevation of the PSA, FLNB, and LY9 concentrations was detected in the prostate cancer group compared to the age-matched normal control group. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the molecular markers by ROC curve analysis. The predictive power of FLNB or LY9 alone was comparable to that of the PSA test. The combination of FLNB and LY9 with PSA out-performed PSA alone with AUC=0.975 in the study. The study provides data in support of FLNB and LY9 as biomarkers with potential to improve screening outcomes when used in combination with PSA. Efforts are currently underway in large patient cohorts to validate the clinical utility of FLNB and LY9 as candidate biomarkers for use in the screening of prostate cancer with correlate to the Gleason score to enable more instructive data to the practitioner. Citation Format: Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, Joyce Chan, Eric Grund, Vivek K. Vishnudas, Shen Luan, Viatcheslav R. Akmaev, Niven R. Narain. Berg Interrogative Biology™ platform unravels novel biomarkers FLNB and LY9 in combination with PSA enhances specificity in serum of patients with prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 7. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-7
Reactivity of Ru(H)(H<sub>2</sub>)Cl(PCy<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> with Propargyl and Vinyl Chlorides:  New Methodology To Give Metathesis-Active Ruthenium Carbenes (1997)

A procedure for generating the ruthenium hydride complex Ru(H)(H2)Cl(PCy3)2 in 95% yield is presented. Following a novel insertion−elimination pathway, this hydride can react with propargyl or vinyl halides to make metathesis-active vinyl and alkyl carbene species with the general formulas (PCy3)2Cl2RuCH−CHCR2 and (PCy3)2Cl2RuCHR, respectively. Tertiary propargyl chlorides work best, giving Ru−vinyl carbenes in extremely high yield.
When Not to Classify: Anomaly Detection of Attacks (ADA) on DNN Classifiers at Test Time (2019)

A significant threat to the recent, wide deployment of machine learning-based systems, including deep neural networks (DNNs), is adversarial learning attacks. The main focus here is on evasion attacks against DNN-based classifiers at test time. While much work has focused on devising attacks that make small perturbations to a test pattern (e.g., an image) that induce a change in the classifier's decision, until recently there has been a relative paucity of work defending against such attacks. Some works robustify the classifier to make correct decisions on perturbed patterns. This is an important objective for some applications and for natural adversary scenarios. However, we analyze the possible digital evasion attack mechanisms and show that in some important cases, when the pattern (image) has been attacked, correctly classifying it has no utility---when the image to be attacked is (even arbitrarily) selected from the attacker's cache and when the sole recipient of the classifier's decision is the attacker. Moreover, in some application domains and scenarios, it is highly actionable to detect the attack irrespective of correctly classifying in the face of it (with classification still performed if no attack is detected). We hypothesize that adversarial perturbations are machine detectable even if they are small. We propose a purely unsupervised anomaly detector (AD) that, unlike previous works, (1) models the joint density of a deep layer using highly suitable null hypothesis density models (matched in particular to the nonnegative support for rectified linear unit (ReLU) layers); (2) exploits multiple DNN layers; and (3) leverages a source and destination class concept, source class uncertainty, the class confusion matrix, and DNN weight information in constructing a novel decision statistic grounded in the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Tested on MNIST and CIFAR image databases under three prominent attack strategies, our approach outperforms previous detection methods, achieving strong receiver operating characteristic area under the curve detection accuracy on two attacks and better accuracy than recently reported for a variety of methods on the strongest (CW) attack. We also evaluate a fully white box attack on our system and demonstrate that our method can be leveraged to strong effect in detecting reverse engineering attacks. Finally, we evaluate other important performance measures such as classification accuracy versus true detection rate and multiple measures versus attack strength.
Performance Evaluation of the New AMS System at Accium BioSciences (2007)

A new compact accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system dedicated to the measurement of radiocarbon has been commissioned at the Accium BioSciences headquarters in Seattle. The entire facility (including ancillary laboratories for the preparation of graphite targets) has been designed to handle samples with a wide range of 14 C concentrations. In this paper, we discuss the technical details of the new facility and present performance test results demonstrating state-of-the-art capabilities. In particular, modern samples can be readily measured with 0.3% precision and accuracy, machine background levels are consistently in the low 10 -16 ( 14 C/ 12 C), and chemical background is approximately equivalent to a fraction of modern of 0.004. In addition, when 100-times-modern samples were processed, no increase in background was observed, either during sample processing or during AMS measurement. This corresponds to a dynamic range for 14 C analysis of 6 orders of magnitude.
Retinal Vascular Fractal Dimension Measurement and Its Influence from Imaging Variation: Results of Two Segmentation Methods (2010)

Both nonlinear orthogonal projection and curvature-based retinal vessel segmentation methods were found to be sensitive to variations in image brightness, resulting from iris shadowing associated with different angle of photographic incidence.
The future of ferroelectric memories (2002)

Since 1984, ferroelectric RAMs (FeRAMs) have been demonstrated in many applications such as smart cards and low-density memories. Prior to 1984, attempts failed because of the poor quality of thin films of complex materials. Currently, two materials compete for the large-scale integration development of FeRAMs. The first is a perovskite ceramic known as PZT (PbZr/sub 1-x/Ti/sub x/O/sub 3/). The second material is known as a layered perovskite such as SBT (SrBi/sub 2/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/). For low-density devices which employ thin films of either material with a thickness <300 nm operated at 3-5 V, both materials yield approximately the same results. As FeRAMs enter the deep submicron realm, the ferroelectric thin-film technology is ready to support high-density integration. SBT-based devices can be integrated as capacitors in DRAM-like 1T/1C stacked cells and flash-like FeFET cells. Experience with embedded FeRAMs is positive, so that the system-on-chip as well as stand-alone high-density devices are foreseen. The possibility of 1 V operation at a few to several tens of nanoseconds write with nonvolatility brings FeRAMs to the forefront of non-volatile memories. Scaling of capacitor areas as small as 0.04 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ is possible. With capacitor and FET technologies, FeRAMs blur the line between non-volatile memories as DRAM-like destructive read-out (DRO) devices and flash-like non-destructive read-out (NDRO) devices, which compete for the highly mobile generation of Internet devices and G-3 phones.
The simulation of composite color imagery on 8-bit display devices (1991)

A transformation method has been developed that is very successful in simulating composite imagery and shows that, in general, 8-bit simulated composite images are almost indistinguishable from true composite imagery. This technique was designed to facilitate the display and interpretation of composite satellite imagery on display devices with only 256 displayable colors. The method is suitable for the combination of two 8-bit images into a single 8-bit composite image.