gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of anhydrothrombin and characterization of its interaction with natural thrombin substrates (2001)

Thrombin is a serine proteinase that plays a key role in thrombosis and haemostasis through its interaction with several coagulation factors. Anhydrothrombin was prepared from PMSF-inactivated thrombin under alkaline conditions, and the folded anhydrothrombin was successfully recovered after dialysis in the presence of glycerol. Anhydro-derivatives of factor Xa, factor VIIa and activated protein C could also be prepared essentially by the same procedure. Anhydrothrombin retained affinity for various natural substrates of thrombin, including fibrinogen, factor VIII, factor XIII and protein C. In addition, these proteins were bound to anhydrothrombin–agarose in a reversible manner. The Kd values for factor VIII, fibrinogen, factor XIII and protein C were 1.2×10-8, 4.4×10-8, 2.8×10-7 and 8.1×10-5M, respectively. Thus thrombin substrates known to interact with the exosite I of thrombin demonstrated high affinity for anhydrothrombin. Furthermore, in the presence of Na+, substantial enhancement of the association rate constant (kass) was observed for interactions of fibrinogen and factor VIII with anhydrothrombin. These results suggest that anhydrothrombin is useful in the purification of thrombin substrate proteins as well as in the investigation of detailed interactions between thrombin and these substrates in their activation or degradation processes.
Superconductivity in diamond thin films well above liquid helium temperature (2004)

We report unambiguous evidence for superconductivity in a heavily boron-doped diamond thin film grown by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). An advantage of the MPCVD-deposited diamond is that it can contain boron at high concentration, especially in (111)-oriented films. Superconducting transition temperatures are determined by transport measurements to be 7.4 K for TC onset and 4.2 K for zero resistance. The upper critical field is estimated to be 7 T. Magnetization as a function of magnetic fields shows typical type-II superconducting properties.
Internal Oligoguanidinium-Based Cellular Transporter Enhances Antisense Efficacy of Morpholinos in In Vitro and Zebrafish Model (2016)

An efficient cellular transporter is highly desirable for the therapeutic applications of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs) as Vivo-PMO and PPMO have limitations for in vivo study. We report here a novel internally tetraguanidinium-linked nonpeptidic cellular transporter having a conformationally rigid backbone composed of pharmacologically compatible heterocyclic six-membered rings which internalizes efficiently into cells in full growth medium and ubiquitously distributed into zebrafish embryos. It efficiently transports antisense PMO in vitro and in vivo zebrafish embryos. Comparative study with Gene Tools Vivo-PMO revealed that our cellular-transporter conjugated PMO shows better antisense efficacy.
Production of Large-Diameter Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Adding Fe to a NiCo Catalyst in Laser Ablation (2004)

We have found that the simple introduction of Fe into a conventional NiCo catalyst enables the production of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with controlled diameter distributions by laser ablation. The diameter of as-grown SWNTs can be made larger by increasing the atomic percentage of Fe in the target without changing any other synthesis parameters. We think that Fe helps increase the aggregation rate of metal in laser ablation and enlarges the crystal lattice constant of metal catalysts because of a change in the crystal structure from Ni to Ni3Fe, NiFe, and NiFe2, which then results in the enlargement of metal particles and the growth of larger-diameter SWNTs.
Comparison of gain and threshold current density for InGaAsP/GaAs (λ=808 nm) lasers with different quantum well thickness (1996)

We investigated the quantum-size effects of quantum well (QW) on gain and threshold current density for InGaAsP/GaAs (λ=808 nm) laser diodes. In this work, a comparison is made of lasers with different QW thickness while keeping the optical confinement factors constant. We found that the threshold current density and differential efficiency were not affected by narrowing the QW thickness. The theoretical model taking into account the mixing of the valence bands and momentum relaxation for InGaAsP/GaAs lasers with spontaneous emission (optically pumped) measurement shows that the absence of difference between these structures can be attributed to the high relaxation rate.
Cytoprotection by prostaglandins. (1981)

Prostaglandins (PG) are a group of ZO-carbon oxy- genated fatty acids that are present in most mamma- lian cells and tissues. Approximately 20 of these chemicals have been identified in tissues and body fluids, whereas hundreds have been synthesized as analogs or derivatives of the natural PG. Although their highest concentration is found in seminal fluid, the gastrointestinal mucosa contains relatively large amounts. Prostacyclin (PGI,), recently discovered, is the most abundant PG formed by the gastric mu- cosa. It was suggested that PGI, and PGE,, also pres- ent in the mucosa, may affect the regulation of gas- tric mucosal blood flow and acid secretion.',' Prostaglandins affect almost every biologic system and sometimes in different directions. For instance, PG of the E and F,,, type stimulate smooth muscle contraction including the uterus, whereas PG of the A and I type do not; PG of the A, E, and I type are potent vasodilators, whereas PG of the F,, type are vasoconstrictors; PG of the E type are bronchodila- tors, whereas PG of the B and F type are broncho- constrictors. PG also affect gastrointestinal functions. PGE,, PGE,, and PGA, as well as certain methyl analogs of PGE, inhibit gastric secretion in animals and hu- mans? prevent ulcer formation in animals,, and reportedly accelerate ulcer healing in humans.7.H The antiulcer effect is presumed to be due to the anti- secretory activity of these compounds. Recently, a new property of PG was discovered, called cytoprotection,!' which designates the prop- erty of many PG to protect the mucosa of the stom- ach and the intestine from becoming inflamed and necrotic, when this mucosa is exposed to noxious agents. This property is separate, and unrelated to, inhibition of gastric secretion. We shall summarize here the observations that led to the concept of cyto- protection and discuss its mechanism and the pos- sible implications of these findings. A review on the subject has recently appeared.'
Automatic inference of models for statistical code compression (1999)

This paper describes experiments that apply machine learning to compress computer programs, formalizing and automating decisions about instruction encoding that have traditionally been made by humans in a more ad hoc manner. A program accepts a large training set of program material in a conventional compiler intermediate representation (IR) and automatically infers a decision tree that separates IR code into streams that compress much better than the undifferentiated whole. Driving a conventional arithmetic compressor with this model yields code 30% smaller than the previous record for IR code compression, and 24% smaller than an ambitious optimizing compiler feeding an ambitious general-purpose data compressor.
Trailer truck-mounted attenuator (2008)

A new trailer truck-mounted attenuator protection system was designed and successfully crash tested according to the safety performance criteria presented in NCHRP Report 350. The new trailer is designed to be attached to a tow vehicle using a conventional pintle hitch and wiring harness. This simple attachment will allow the new trailer to be attached directly to many work trucks, such as striping vehicles to eliminate the need for secondary shadow vehicles. The trailer is manufactured from heavy gage, galvanized steel to provide the first practical solution to protecting motorists during snow plowing, sanding and salting operations. Five full-scale crash tests were successfully conducted with the trailer attached to a tow vehicle that was blocked against forward movement and rotation to simulate an infinitely heavy vehicle.
Foveated AR (2019)

We present a near-eye augmented reality display with resolution and focal depth dynamically driven by gaze tracking. The display combines a traveling microdisplay relayed off a concave half-mirror magnifier for the high-resolution foveal region, with a wide field-of-view peripheral display using a projector-based Maxwellian-view display whose nodal point is translated to follow the viewer's pupil during eye movements using a traveling holographic optical element. The same optics relay an image of the eye to an infrared camera used for gaze tracking, which in turn drives the foveal display location and peripheral nodal point. Our display supports accommodation cues by varying the focal depth of the microdisplay in the foveal region, and by rendering simulated defocus on the "always in focus" scanning laser projector used for peripheral display. The resulting family of displays significantly improves on the field-of-view, resolution, and form-factor tradeoff present in previous augmented reality designs. We show prototypes supporting 30, 40 and 60 cpd foveal resolution at a net 85° × 78° field of view per eye.
Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein: understanding targets of protective immunity (2014)

Plasmodium vivax merozoite invasion of reticulocytes is a rapid process that involves a series of specific, sequential interactions. These interactions are crucial for invasion and continued blood-stage infection, thus representing attractive targets for vaccine development. The Duffy binding protein (DBP) is a vital microneme protein associated with the decisive, irreversible step of junction formation during the later stages of the invasion process. The ligand domain of DBP, known as region II (DBPII), binds the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) by dimerization of two DBP and two DARC molecules forming a heterotetrameric structure. Naturally acquired antibodies to DBPII are prevalent in residents of areas where vivax malaria is endemic. These antibodies can inhibit DBPII binding and merozoite invasion of human reticulocytes; however, they tend to be poorly inhibitory, strain-specific, and short-lived. Remarkably, strain-specific serologic activity can be altered by even single amino acid substitutions found in allelic variants of DBPII. While strain-transcending, broadly neutralizing antibodies are less prevalent, there is a significant correlation of their antibody reactivity to certain epitopes and inhibition of DBPII-receptor function. Our data indicate epitopes at or near the dimer interface of DBPII represent the primary targets of naturally occurring protective anti-DBPII antibodies that can inhibit merozoite invasion of host erythrocytes. However, these epitopes also contain most of the prevalent variable residues resulting from DBP allelic diversity. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that DBP variation is an immune evasion mechanism responsible for strain-specific immunity and stable, broadly neutralizing immunity is achieved when antibodies target functionally-conserved epitopes, thereby blocking DBP dimerization and inhibiting invasion. To overcome the natural tendency for eliciting a strain-specific response, synthetic DBPII alleles were evaluated for their ability to broaden efficacy of strain-transcending inhibition against diverse DBPII alleles. In an effort to identify potential conserved, protective epitopes we have prepared and evaluated a panel of anti-DBPII murine monoclonal antibodies. Inhibitory activities of these monoclonal antibodies were characterized with in vitro functional assays for DBPII and their respective minimal epitopes were mapped using phage display. These targets of putative strain-transcending inhibition identify epitopes that may be targeted for vaccine-induced anti-DBPII inhibitory antibodies.
Near-Infrared Laser-Based Spatially Targeted Nano-enhanced Optical Delivery of Therapeutic Genes to Degenerated Retina (2020)

Non-viral delivery of therapeutic genes into targeted areas of retina is essential for re-functionalizing the retinal circuitry. While a focused ultrafast laser beam has been recently used for intra-ocular delivery of molecules, it poses the significant technical challenge of overcoming aberrations of the eye and maintaining a tightly focused spot on the retinal cell membrane. Furthermore, to minimize collateral damage and increase the throughput of gene delivery, we introduced a weakly focused near-infrared (NIR) continuous wave (CW) or pulsed laser beam on to the cells wherein the intensity is locally enhanced by gold nanorods bound to the cell membranes to permit gene insertion. Parametric optimization of nano-enhanced optical delivery (NOD) was carried out by varying the exposure time, as well as the power of the CW NIR beam or the energy of the pulsed NIR beam. Using this NOD method, therapeutic genes encoding for multi-characteristic opsins (MCOs) were delivered to spatially targeted regions of degenerated retina <i>ex vivo</i> as well as <i>in vivo</i>. NOD-mediated cell membrane-specific expression of MCOs in targeted retinal regions with photoreceptor degeneration will allow functional recovery in an ambient light environment.
Synthesis of High Purity Diamond Single Crystal. (1995)

This paper presents the outline of the temperature gradient method at high pressures and high temperatures for the epitaxial growth of a high purity diamond single crystal. Several elimination techniques of the impurities (mainly nitrogen atoms) in a single crystal are discussed. High purity diamond single crystals, containing impurities as low as 0. 1 ppm, are successfully grown up to 1 or 2 carats by adding titanium and copper in the solvent bath in the temperature gradient method. In order to reduce the nitrogen content of a solvent bath, titanium is added as a nitrogen getter, while copper is added to decompose titanium-carbide which is contained in a crystal as bulky inclusion by adding of titanium.
Terlipressin use and respiratory failure in patients with hepatorenal syndrome type 1 and severe <scp>acute‐on‐chronic</scp> liver failure (2022)

Terlipressin should be used with caution in patients with HRS1 and grade 3 ACLF. Patients with hypoxaemia are at increased risk of RF and mortality.
Semitransparent curtains for control of optical radiation hazards (1981)

The purposes and functions of semitransparent eye protective curtains are analyzed. Based upon this analysis, functional requirements are developed, and design requirements are specified for optimum curtains to be used with open arc welding and arc cutting processes. Such curtains also protect against other high intensity broad-spectral-band sources such as compact arc lamps. The requirements for filtering our hazardous UV radiation and blue light must be balanced against the need for transparency in the visible spectrum and the need for reduced glare. Infrared attenuation is shown to be of very little importance.
Preclinical Development and Clinical-Scale Manufacturing of HIV Gag-Specific, LentivirusModified CD4 T Cells for HIV Functional Cure (2020)

Activation, infection, and eventual depletion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells are the crucial pathogenetic events in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We developed a cell and gene therapy to reconstitute HIV-specific CD4 T cells and prevent their destruction by HIV. Antigen-specific CD4 T cells will provide helper functions to support antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function and the production of virus-specific antibodies. However, <i>ex vivo</i> expansion of HIV-specific CD4 T cells is poor and previous gene therapies focused on bulk CD4 T cells without enriching for an antigen-specific subset. We developed a method for manufacturing autologous CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell products highly enriched with Gag-specific T cells. Rare Gag-specific CD4 T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were increased nearly 1,000-fold by stimulating PBMC with Gag peptides, followed by depleting nontarget cells and transducing with lentivirus vector AGT103 to protect against HIV-mediated depletion and inhibit HIV release from latently infected cells. The average percentage of HIV-specific CD4 cells in the final products was 15.13%, and the average yield was 7 × 10<sup>8</sup> cells. The protocol for clinical-scale manufacturing of HIV-specific and HIV-resistant CD4 T cells is an important step toward effective immunotherapy for HIV disease.
Kinetically controlled synthesis of bimetallic nanostructures by flowrate manipulation in a continuous flow droplet reactor (2018)

We show that different Au–Pd nanoparticles, ranging from sharp-branched octopods to core@shell octahedra, can be achieved by inline manipulation of reagent flowrates in a microreactor for seeded growth.
Control of coal combustion SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} emissions by in-boiler injection of CMA. [Third quarterly progress report], 1 July 1994--30 September 1994 (1994)

The principal objectives of this research are two-fold: (A) To understand the mechanism and assess the effectiveness of sulfur capture by the chemical calcium magnesium acetate (CMA); and (B) To evaluate the NO{sub x} reduction capabilities of CMA by pyrolyzing the organic constituents of the chemical (the acetate) and reducing NO to stable N{sub 2}. The optimum conditions and the location of CMA introduction in the furnace will be identified. To achieve these goals water solutions of CMA or dry powders of CMA were injected into hot air or gases simulating the furnace exhaust (containing SO{sub x}, NO{sub x} H{sub 2}O, O{sub 2} etc.) and the composition of gaseous and solid products of the reaction was monitored. The processes of burning the organic acetate as well as the calcination, sintering and sulfation of the remaining solid are studied. The effectiveness of ``homemade`` CMAs containing various amounts of calcium and magnesium was investigated to explore the role of the two chemicals in the NO{sub x} and mainly the SO{sub 2} capture processes. Finally, CMA was introduced in the matrix of coal particles by an ion exchange technique. Upon subsequent combustion, the SO{sub 2}-NO{sub x} emissions were monitored and compared to thosemore » from burning untreated coal. The composition and physical structure of the ash residues was examined. Both techniques (CMA pretreatment and CMA injection) may commercially be implemented separate or simultaneously. The work reported herein pertains to introducing dry CMA and other carboxylic salts of calcium: calcium formate (CF), calcium acetate (CA), calcium propanate (CP) and calcium benzoate (CB) in the post-flame region of the furnace and monitoring the SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x}, emissions.« less
Branched isomeric 1,2,3-triazolium-based ionic liquids: new insight into structure–property relationships (2015)

A series of four isomeric 1,2,3-triazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with vary degree of branching were synthesized and characterized to investigate the effect of ion branching on thermal and physical properties of the resulting IL. It was found that increased branching led to a higher ionicity and higher viscosity. The thermal properties were also altered significantly and spectral changes in the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra show that branching affects intermolecular interaction. While the ionicity and viscosity varying linearly with branching, the MDSC and NEXAFS measurements show that the cation shape has a stronger influence on the melting temperature and absorptive properties than the number of branched alkyl substituents.
DBLog: A Watermark Based Change-Data-Capture Framework (2020)

It is a commonly observed pattern for applications to utilize multiple heterogeneous databases where each is used to serve a specific need such as storing the canonical form of data or providing advanced search capabilities. For applications it is hence desired to keep multiple databases in sync. We have observed a series of distinct patterns that have tried to solve this problem such as dual-writes and distributed transactions. However, these approaches have limitations with regard to feasibility, robustness, and maintenance. An alternative approach that has recently emerged is to utilize Change-Data-Capture (CDC) in order to capture changed rows from a database's transaction log and eventually deliver them downstream with low latency. In order to solve the data synchronization problem one also needs to replicate the full state of a database and transaction logs typically do not contain the full history of changes. At the same time, there are use cases that require high availability of the transaction log events so that databases stay as closely in-sync as possible. To address the above challenges, we developed a novel CDC framework for databases, namely DBLog. DBLog utilizes a watermark based approach that allows us to interleave transaction log events with rows that we directly select from tables to capture the full state. Our solution allows log events to continue progress without stalling while processing selects. Selects can be triggered at any time on all tables, a specific table, or for specific primary keys of a table. DBLog executes selects in chunks and tracks progress, allowing them to pause and resume. The watermark approach does not use locks and has minimum impact on the source. DBLog is currently used in production by tens of microservices at Netflix.
Reliability of Cell-Free DNA and Targeted NGS in Predicting Chromosomal Abnormalities of Patients With Myeloid Neoplasms (2022)

This data shows that liquid biopsy using targeted NGS is reliable in detecting chromosomal structural abnormalities in myeloid neoplasms. In specific circumstances, targeted NGS may be reliable and efficient to provide adequate information without the need for BM biopsy considering broad mutation profiling can be obtained through adequate sequencing within the same test. Overall, this study supports the use of liquid biopsy for early diagnosis and monitoring of patients with myeloid neoplasms.
Co-OP Tracking for Carrier Phase (1998)

Co-Op tracking (patent pending) improves the tracking
capability of the GPS and GLONASS receiver by a factor
of 10. The improvement is based on two types of
simultaneous phase lock loops (PLLs). One PLL tracks
the apparent dynamics of the receiver, including the
receiver dynamics and internal oscillator. This PLL uses
the total power of all the satellites in view and can have a
wide bandwidth on the order of 20 Hz. The second type
of PLL is designed to track the apparent dynamics of each
satellite. There are one of these types of PLLs dedicated
for each satellite. These individual loops have
comparatively narrow bandwidths of about 2 Hz. This
scheme provides an order of magnitude improvement in
tracking capability of the receiver while at the same time
reduces the measurement noise by a factor of 10. The
improvement in tracking capability stems from using the
total power of all the satellites together. The improvement
in the reduction of noise effects is the result of very
narrow bandwidths of the individual tracking loops.
Mercury Behaviors in a Compact Fluorescent Lamp With Amalgam (1985)

Some mercury behaviors in a compact fluorescent lamp with amalgam have been analyzed. The discharge tube is doubly folded. The main amalgam is contained in an exhaust tube and auxiliary amalgams are near the electrodes.The results are as follow.(1) The amount of In coating on the auxiliary amalgam flag influences luminous build-up characteristics of the lamp.(2) After switching the lamp off, its mercury vapor diffuses from main amalgam to auxiliary amalgams.(3) The mercury weight in auxiliary amalgam increases in proportion to the square root of T (T; total time lapse after switching off).(4) The lamps mercury vapor pressure becomes minimum around forty cinutes after switching the lamp off.