gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of functional knee-braces on strain on the anterior cruciate ligament in vivo. (1992)

Functional knee-braces are widely used to protect injured or reconstructed anterior cruciate ligaments, despite the fact that few scientific data support their efficacy. We studied seven functional braces, representative of both the typical custom-fit and off-the-shelf designs. The braces were tested on subjects who had a normal anterior cruciate ligament and were scheduled for arthroscopic meniscectomy or exploration of the knee under local anesthesia. After the operative procedure, a Hall-effect strain-transducer was applied to the anterior cruciate ligament. Under low anterior shear loads, two braces provided some protective strain-shielding effect compared with no brace, but this strain-shielding effect did not occur at the higher anterior shear loads expected during the high-stress activities common to athletic events. The DonJoy, Townsend, C.Ti., and Lenox Hill braces demonstrated a strain-shielding effect on the anterior cruciate ligament with an internal torque of five newton-meters applied to the tibia. None of the braces had any effect on strain on the anterior cruciate ligament during active range of motion of the knee from 10 to 120 degrees or during isometric contraction of the quadriceps. Wearing of a brace did not produce an increase in the value for strain on the anterior cruciate ligament. For the activities that were evaluated in this study, none of the braces produced adverse effects on the anterior cruciate ligament, and there were no significant differences in the strain on the anterior cruciate ligament between the use of a custom-fit or an off-the-shelf brace design. There were no apparent advantages of the more expensive custom-made braces compared with the off-the-shelf designs.
The Effects of N-acetylcysteine on ifosfamide efficacy in a mouse xenograft model. (2012)

NAC does not interfere with the efficacy of ifosfamide in a EW-7 xenograft model. These results support the clinical evaluation of NAC as a strategy against ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity in children.
Schooling and demand for children : historical perspectives (1984)

Theory predicts that schooling of children exerts a negative effect on parental fertility. Results of empirical studies related to this are mixed. This paper extends the existing discussion by evaluating the evidence from a historical perspective. The time-series data for five presently developed countries and eighteen developing countries show that, with some exceptions, overall a fairly high level of educational development seemed to be important for a decline in fertility to take place. It is suggested that costs and financing arrangements and parental aspirations for children's education may be important reasons behind the observed historical relationship. As a society modernizes the inverse relationship between child schooling and parental fertility is likely to become stronger. The high level of primary school enrollments characteristic of such societies is probably symptomatic of rising returns to education, which implies a corresponding rising payoff to investment in child quality.
Cross-reactive humoral immune responses against seasonal human coronaviruses in COVID-19 patients with different disease severities (2021)

There was no association between the antibody titer for seasonal HCoVs in the early phase of COVID-19 and disease severity.
Protein Chemical Synthesis by Ligation of Peptide Hydrazides (2011)

pH determines selectivity: The ligation of peptide hydrazides is a new method for protein chemical synthesis that is complementary to native chemical ligation. Peptide hydrazides may be the long-sought reagent equivalent to a “thioester synthon”, one that is stable to the conditions of native chemical ligation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Hypomethylation of LINE1 Retrotransposon in Human Hepatocellular Carcinomas, but Not in Surrounding Liver Cirrhosis (2000)

Specific occurrence of the hypomethylation of the L1 elements in the HCCs indicated its diagnostic value for malignancy. The hypomethylation could also lead to increased incidence of retrotransposition and resultant genomic instability in HCCs.
<i>Schizophyllum commune</i> Fr. as a destructive mycoparasite (1978)

Schizophyllum commune Fr. was shown, by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, to be a destructive mycoparasite on several phytopathogenic and nematode-trapping fungi. The hyphae of S. commune coiled around host hyphae and fruiting structures and penetrated them by means of either unspecialized hyphae or by penetration pegs that developed from terminal appressoria. The host cell walls were usually chemically degraded after which the parasite grew through an electron-dense, papillate, reaction region and its underlying membrane(s) produce trophic hyphae inside the host cells.
<i>In Vitro</i> Selection of DNA Aptamers Against the HIV-1 TAR RNA Hairpin (2002)

In vitro selection was performed to identify DNA aptamers against the TAR RNA stem-loop structure of HIV-1. A counterselection step allowed the elimination of kissing complex-forming aptamers previously selected (Boiziau et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1999; 274:12730). This led to the emergence of oligonucleotides, most of which contained two consensus sequences, one targeted to the stem 3'-strand (5'-CCCTAGTTA) and the other complementary to the TAR apical loop (5'-CTCCC). The best aptamer could be shortened to a 19-mer oligonucleotide, characterized by a dissociation constant of 50 nM. A 16-mer oligonucleotide complementary to the TAR stem 3'-strand could also be derived from the identified aptamers, with an equal affinity (Kd = 50 nM). Experiments performed to elucidate the interaction between TAR and the aptamers (UV melting measures, enzymatic and chemical footprints) demonstrated that the TAR stem 5'-strand was not simply displaced as a result of the complex formation but unexpectedly remained associated on contact with the antisense oligonucleotide. We suggest that a multistranded structure could be formed.
Development of an implantable transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode (TIME) system for relieving phantom limb pain (2010)

Phantom limb pain frequently follows amputation. Currently there is no fully effective treatment available. Our aim is to develop an innovative Human Machine Interface (HMI) where we apply multi-channel microstimulation to the nerve stump of an amputee subject to manipulate the phantom limb sensations and explore the possibility of using microstimulation as a treatment for phantom limb pain.
Phosphorescence Quenching by Conjugated Polymers (2003)

Energy transfer between phosphors and conjugated polymers was investigated using a fluorene trimer (F3) as a model conjugated material. The phosphors studied were bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes (FP, PPY, BT, PQ, and BTP), with triplet energies of 2.6, 2.4, 2.2, 2.1, and 2.0 eV, respectively (based on phosphorescence spectra). Stern-Volmer analysis of luminescent quenching shows that energy transfer from either FP or PPY to F3 is an exothermic process with Stern-Volmer quenching constants (kqSV) of near 109 M-1 s-1 while energy transfer from BT, PQ, and BTP is endothermic (kqSV = 107-106 M-1 s-1). On the the basis of above results, the triplet energy of F3 is estimated to be less than 2.3 eV (530 nm). This study suggests that conjugated polymers, which typically have lower T1 energies than F3, should also quench phosphorescent emission in thin films and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) incorporating these and related phosphorescent dopants.
T Cell Cytokine Responses to Cartilage Aggrecan in BALB/c Mice (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 T Cell Cytokine Responses to Cartilage Aggrecan in BALB/c Mice HAYLEY I. McKEE; HAYLEY I. McKEE *Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK#Department of Immunology, The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARK G. WARNOCK; MARK G. WARNOCK *Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK#Department of Immunology, The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CATHERINE LAYCOCK; CATHERINE LAYCOCK *Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK#Department of Immunology, The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar AUSTIN G. DIAMOND; AUSTIN G. DIAMOND #Department of Immunology, The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HELENA BRAMWELL; HELENA BRAMWELL §Institute of Bone and Joint Medicine, University of Sheffield S10 2RX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOHN A. GOODACRE JOHN A. GOODACRE *Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 311S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025311s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation HAYLEY I. McKEE, MARK G. WARNOCK, CATHERINE LAYCOCK, AUSTIN G. DIAMOND, HELENA BRAMWELL, JOHN A. GOODACRE; T Cell Cytokine Responses to Cartilage Aggrecan in BALB/c Mice. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 311S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025311s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Exsolved magnetite inclusions in silicates: Features determining their remanence behavior (2005)

Submicroscopic, needle-shaped titanomagnetite inclusions exsolved in silicate minerals commonly occur in mafic intrusive rocks and are protected from alteration by their silicate hosts, making them excellent candidates for paleomagnetic studies. A suite of samples containing clinopyroxene- and plagioclase-hosted magnetite inclusions from five geologically diverse sites was examined using magnetic force microscopy to image the inclusions' magnetic domain state. Alternating field demagnetization experiments indicate that some inclusions are more stable recorders than others. The two factors controlling the remanence behavior of the inclusions are internal microstructures and inclusion dimensions. Magnetite-ulvöspinel unmixing within an inclusion subdivides the original titanomagnetite solid solution into a boxwork structure composed of 103–105 magnetite prisms separated by thin ulvöspinel lamellae. The conversion of multidomain-sized needles into assemblages of interacting single domains increases the coercivity (and hence relaxation time) of the inclusions, and results in a thermochemical magnetic remanence. In samples without this exsolution microstructure, the inclusions' diameters determine coercivity and their magnetization is thermoremanent. Both styles of high-coercivity inclusions successfully record paleomagnetic directions in Mesozoic rocks, and their ubiquity within silicate minerals (clinopyroxene and plagioclase) of mafic intrusive rocks indicates their value as chemically and magnetically stable tools for elucidating the ancient magnetic field, marine magnetic anomalies, and crustal kinematics.
Feasibility of digitally stained multimodal confocal mosaics to simulate histopathology (2009)

Fluorescence confocal mosaicing microscopy of tissue biopsies stained with acridine orange has been shown to accurately identify tumors and with an overall sensitivity of 96.6% and specificity of 89.2%. However, fluorescence shows only nuclear detail similar to hematoxylin in histopathology and does not show collagen or cytoplasm, which may provide necessary negative contrast information similar to eosin used in histopathology. Reflectance mode contrast is sensitive to collagen and cytoplasm without staining. To further improve sensitivity and specificity, digitally stained confocal mosaics combine confocal fluorescence and reflectance images in a multimodal pseudo-color image to mimic the appearance of histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin and facilitate the introduction of confocal microscopy into the clinical realm.
Network Effects and Personal Influences: The Diffusion of an Online Social Network (2011)

This article discusses the diffusion process in an online social network given the individual connections between members. The authors model the adoption decision of individuals as a binary choice affected by three factors: (1) the local network structure formed by already adopted neighbors, (2) the average characteristics of adopted neighbors (influencers), and (3) the characteristics of the potential adopters. Focusing on the first factor, the authors find two marked effects. First, an individual who is connected to many adopters has a greater adoption probability (degree effect). Second, the density of connections in a group of already adopted consumers has a strong positive effect on the adoption of individuals connected to this group (clustering effect). The article also records significant effects for influencer and adopter characteristics. For adopters, specifically, the authors find that position in the entire network and some demographic variables are good predictors of adoption. Similarly, in the case of already adopted individuals, average demographics and global network position can predict their influential power on their neighbors. An interesting counterintuitive finding is that the average influential power of individuals decreases with the total number of their contacts. These results have practical implications for viral marketing, a context in which a variety of technology platforms are increasingly considering leveraging their consumers' revealed connection patterns. The model performs particularly well in predicting the next set of adopters.
A Rac1 Effector Site Controlling Mitogenesis through Superoxide Production (1998)

The Rac GTP-binding protein controls signal transduction pathways that are critical for mitogenesis and oncogenesis (1,2). The biochemical nature of these signaling pathways is presently unknown. Here we report that a region in Rac1 (residues 124-135), previously defined as the insert region (3), is essential for its mitogenic activity. Deletion of this region does not interfere with the ability of Rac1 to induce cytoskeletal changes or to activate the Jun kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade but abrogates Rac1-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis and Rac1-mediated superoxide production in quiescent fibroblasts. Treatment of cells with agents that abolish superoxide generation inhibits specifically the mitogenic effect of Rac1. Our results identify an effector site in Rac1 that is necessary for mitogenic signaling and implicate superoxide generation as a candidate effector pathway of Rac1-dependent cell growth.
A nonredundant ternary CAM circuit for network search engines (2006)

An optimized Ternary CAM concept is introduced for the hardware search engines in high-speed Internet routers. Our design employs w + 1 RAM bits to store a word of size w, whereas a conventional TCAM needs 2w RAM bits for the same word size. Based on this concept an 8-bit cluster is designed out of 9 SRAM bits, used as the basic building block of our Prefix-CAM (PCAM) structure. Four such clusters merge to store a 32-bit IPv4 prefix, thus, configuring a PCAM suitable for Internet packet forwarding. This PCAM module employs 48% less SRAM cells and a total of 22% less transistors plus 50% less address decode interconnects compared to a conventional TCAM, for equal storage size and equal functionality. We show that PCAM can be employed for multifield packet classification. Other factors, such as lookup speed and power dissipation, are not adversely affected.
Role of Human Disease Genes for the Maintenance of Genome Stability in Plants (2009)

In the plant genome a row of homologs of human genes can be found that, if mutated, are correlated with a high incidence of cancer in humans. Here we describe our recent results on homologs of the breast cancer genes BRCA1/BARD1 and RecQ helicase homologs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. HsBRCA1 and HsBARD1 are tumor suppressor proteins that are involved in many cellular processes, such as DNA repair. Loss of one or the other protein results in early embryonic lethality and chromosomal instability. The Arabidopsis genome harbors one BRCA1 homolog, and we were able to identify a BARD1 homolog as well. AtBRCA1 and AtBARD1 are able to interact with each other as indicated by in vitro and in planta experiments. Our analyses of T-DNA insertion mutants for both genes, revealed that in plants, in contrast to animals, these genes are dispensable for development or meiosis. Nevertheless, we could show that AtBARD1 plays a prominent role in the regulation of homologous DNA repair in somatic cells. RecQ helicases are known as mediators of genome stability. The loss of RecQ function is often accompanied by hyperrecombination due to a lack of crossover suppression. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses seven different RecQ genes. We could show that two of them (AtRECQ4A and 4B) arose as a result of a recent duplication and are still 70% identical on protein level. Disruption of these genes, surprisingly, leads to antagonistic phenotypes: the AtRECQ4A mutant shows sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, enhanced homologous recombination and lethality in an Atmus81 background. Moreover, mutation of AtRECQ4A partially suppresses the lethal phenotype of an AtTOP3α mutant. In contrast, the AtRECQ4B mutant shows a reduced level of HR and none of the other phenotypes described above. Finally, we have started to characterize the different RecQ proteins of Arabidopsis by biochemical means and present here the results on AtRECQ2. Breast Cancer Genes: BRCA1, BRCA2 and BARD1
A NOTE ON THE EXISTENCE OF STARTING POINT BIAS IN ITERATIVE BIDDING GAMES (1985)

This note further illuminates the strength and direction of starting point bias in iterative bidding procedures. Conflicting recent findings concerning the starting point bias phenomenon are first briefly overviewed. The hypothesis that starting values influence valuations obtained in iterative bidding games is then tested in an experimental setting using widely disparate starting values ranging from $1 to $8,000. Statistically significant differences in mean final bidding outcomes were consistently detected in games using different starting values. This evidence, combined with test results reported elsewhere, strongly suggests that starting point value selection can have subtle but significant effects on observed final bids.
Effect of Marbling Degree on Palatability and Caloric Content of Beef (1993)

The relationship of marbling to beef palatability has been the subject of numerous investigations and several review papers. A vast majority of the data on this subject indicate that there is a positive relationship between marbling degree (or percentage chemical fat) and tenderness, juiciness, and flavor intensity, and an inverse relationship with Warner-Bratzler shear force (a mechanical measure of tenderness). However, this relationship is weak at best. Generally, although tenderness may increase linearly as marbling increases, the increments are very small, particularly from one marbling degree to the next. A comparison of the extremes in USDA quality grade (e.g., Standard and Prime) was usually needed to find statistical differences of any practical importance. Based on available data, it appears that between 5 and 10% of the variation in tenderness can be accounted for by USDA marbling degree. Most importantly, none of the studies detected palatability differences between Slight and Small marbling degrees that could justify price differentials frequently found in the market place. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of marbling score on palatability and caloric content of meat from diverse breeds of cattle.
Expression and role of c-myc in chondrocytes undergoing endochondral ossification (1993)

To analyze the relationship between c-myc gene expression and chondrocyte proliferation and maturation during endochondral ossification, Day 18-19 chick embryo sterna were pulse-labeled with [3H]thymidine, and serial sections were processed for autoradiography and in situ hybridization. Proliferating chondrocytes, located in four distinct areas of the developing sternum, all contained high levels of c-myc transcripts, whereas postmitotic chondrocytes (such as hypertrophic chondrocytes) contained undetectable amounts. These findings were confirmed by Northern blot analysis and by the observation that antisense c-myc oligomer treatment inhibited proliferation in cultured chondrocytes. Constitutive overexpression of c-myc by retroviral vectors in immature chondrocyte cultures (c-myc cultures) maintained the cells in a proliferative state and blocked their maturation into hypertrophic chondrocytes. The lack of maturation in the c-myc cultures was corroborated by analysis of type X collagen gene regulation. Control immature cultures contained strong repressor activity for the type X collagen gene promoter, as revealed by transfection assays; repressor activity was lost upon maturation and activation of type X collagen synthesis. In the c-myc cultures, however, repressor activity persisted. Thus, c-myc participates in the normal changes in proliferation accompanying chondrocyte maturation in vivo and in culture. The decreases in c-myc expression and cell proliferation appear to be required for completion of maturation.