gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Protection Multi-Ring-Architecture Fiber Sensing System (2008)

In this investigation, we propose and experimentally investigate a simply self-restored ring-based fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensor system. This proposed multi-ring passive sensing architecture is without any active components in the entire network. In this experiment, the network survivability and capacity for the multi-point sensor systems are also enhanced. Besides, the tunable laser source (TLS) is adopted in central office (CO) for FBG sensing. The survivability of a eight-point FBG sensor is examined and analyzed. Due to the passive sensor network, the cost-effective and intelligent sensing system is entirely centralized by CO. As a result, the experimental results show that the proposed system can assist the reliable FBG sensing network for a large-scale and multi-point architecture.
INHIBITORS OF METALLO-BETA-LACTAMASES : WO/2018/215800 (2018)

The present invention relates to certain compounds that function as inhibitors of bacterial metallo-beta-lactamases. The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of these com ...
Magnetic dipole localization with a gradiometer: obtaining unique solutions (2002)

The five independent equations describing the field gradient tensor at a point for a static magnetic dipole source can be inverted to give the bearing vector to the source and the source moment vector divided by the fourth power of the range. The equations have four solutions, two of which are related in a non-trivial way, and two more that are obtained by reflections through the field point. The symmetry of the four solutions in the principal-axis frame of the gradient tensor can be used to express the solutions directly in terms of one another in an arbitrary frame without executing the inversion. This relationship has been exploited to construct explicit proofs that a unique solution for magnetic moment vector and relative position between source and field point can be obtained if either the magnetic field vector, or the rate of change of the gradient tensor and the relative motion of source and field point is known.
Grid-connected PV array with supercapacitor energy storage system for fault ride through (2015)

A fault ride through, power management and control strategy for grid integrated photovoltaic (PV) system with supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) is presented in this paper. During normal operation the SCESS will be used to minimize the short term fluctuation as it has high power density and during fault at the grid side it will be used to store the generated power from the PV array for later use and for fault ride through. To capture the maximum available solar power, Incremental Conductance (IC) method is used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). An independent P-Q control is implemented to transfer the generated power to the grid using a Voltage source inverter (VSI). The SCESS is connected to the system using a bi-directional buck boost converter. The system model has been developed that consists of PV module, buck converter for MPPT, buck-boost converter to connect the SCESS to the DC link. Three independent controllers are implemented for each power electronics block. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is examined on Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and the results verify the superiority of the proposed approach.
Low-area and low-power video compressor for endoscopic capsules (2008)

The paper presents a hardware implementation of a low-power and low-area video compressor for capsule endoscopy application. The architecture uses a direct mapping to compute the two-dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform which eliminates the need of transpose operation and results in reduced area and low processing time. Instead of using the conventional binary finite precision approach, an error-free algebraic integer encoding has been used that guarantees lossless computation. The corresponding quantization table that complies with the JPEG standard has also been developed. The processor costs only 3466 cells, runs at a maximum frequency of 151 MHz, and consumes 10.30 mW of power. The test results of several endoscopic images show that higher compression ratio (over 90%) can be achieved with high quality image reconstruction.
Diamond-like carbon coatings as encapsulants for photovoltaic solar cells (2005)

High-quality single layer and bilayer diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films are fabricated by two technologies, namely, ion-assisted plasma-enhanced deposition (IAPED) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) deposition. Deposition on various substrates such as sapphires and solar cells has been performed at low substrate temperatures (50/spl deg//spl sim/80/spl deg/C). The two deposition technologies allow good control over the growth conditions to produce DLC films with desired optical properties, thickness, and energy bandgap. The bilayer structured DLC can be fabricated by using IAPED for the bottom layer followed by ECR for the top layer, or just by IAPED for both layers with different compositions. The DLC films have shown good spatial uniformity, density, microhardness, and adhesion strength. They exhibit excellent stability against attack by strong acids, prolonged damp-heat exposure at 85 /spl deg/C and 85% relative humidity, mechanical scratch, ultrasonication, and irradiation by ultraviolet (UV), protons, and electrons. When deposited on crystalline Si and GaAs solar cells in single layer and/or bilayer structure, the DLC films not only serve as antireflection coating and protective encapsulant, but also improve the cell efficiencies.
A Novel Multifilter PM <sub>10</sub> –PM <sub>2.5</sub> Sampler (MFPPS) (2011)

A novel multifilter PM10–PM2.5 sampler (MFPPS) that enables the collection of four PM10 and four PM2.5 samples simultaneously has been developed and tested. The MFPPS uses a PM10 impactor as the inlet and operates at 33.4 L/min. After the inlet, the aerosol flow is divided half by a Y-type fitting. Half of the flow is directed into four PM10 filter cassettes, while the other half is directed into four PM2.5 filter cassettes after the aerosols are further classified by a PM2.5 impactor. An active flow control system consisting of two mass flow controllers (MFCs), one for PM10 and the other for PM2.5, is used to fix the total flow rate of 16.7 L/min for four PM10 or four PM2.5 channels based on the ambient pressure and temperature. To ensure flow rate uniformity through each of the four PM10 or four PM2.5 filter cassettes, an orifice is assembled behind each of the filter cassettes to increase the pressure drop, such that the flow rates of eight sampling lines are nearly equal using just two MFCs. The MFPPS was calibrated in the laboratory for particle collection efficiency curves first. Then, the ambient PM concentrations were compared with those of other two collocated FRM samplers, the dichotomous PM10 and the EPA WINS PM2.5 sampler in the field study. Calibration results showed the cutoff aerodynamic diameters of the PM10 and PM2.5 impactors were 9.8 ± 0.1 and 2.5 ± 0.05 μm, respectively. Field comparison results indicated PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations agreed well with the other two PM samplers.
<title>Patterning of membrane masks for projection e-beam lithography</title> (1996)

A process for high-resolution patterning of the membrane- type masks used in the SCALPEL (SCattering with Angular Limitation in Projection Electron-beam Lithography) lithography system is described. SCALPEL is a 4X projection electron beam lithography tool with the potential to extend commercial lithographic capability well into the deep sub-micron range: the recently-completed SCALPEL proof- of-concept (SPOC) system has printed 0.08 micrometers lines in thick resist on Si. The details of the patterning process we currently employ and metrology results from the first series of masks are presented here. The SPOC mask blank consists of a segmented W-coated SiN (Si-rich) membrane, fabricated on a 4' Si wafer. The blank is patterned with 45 different test chips using a vector-scanned e-beam lithography tool. Metrology is performed on completed masks, and results from measurements of line-edge roughness, CD linearity, and pattern uniformity are presented. We examine the need for proximity effect correction of the pattern data, and compare the effect of correction on pattern data file size for a variety of mask technologies.
Matching output queueing with a combined input output queued switch (1999)

The Internet is facing two problems simultaneously: there is a need for a faster switching/routing infrastructure, and a need to introduce guaranteed qualities of service (QoS). Each problem can be solved independently: switches and routers can be made faster by using input-queued crossbars, instead of shared memory systems; and QoS can be provided using WFQ-based packet scheduling. However, until now, the two solutions have been mutually exclusive-all of the work on WFQ-based scheduling algorithms has required that switches/routers use output-queueing, or centralized shared memory. This paper demonstrates that a combined input output queueing (CIOQ) switch running twice as fast as an input-queued switch can provide precise emulation of a broad class of packet scheduling algorithms, including WFQ and strict priorities. More precisely, we show that a "speedup" of 2 is sufficient, and a speedup of 2-1/N is necessary, for this exact emulation. We introduce a variety of algorithms that configure the crossbar so that emulation is achieved with a speedup of two, and consider their running time and implementation complexity. An interesting feature of our work is that the exact emulation holds for all input traffic patterns. We believe that, in the future, these results will make possible the support of QoS in very high bandwidth routers.
Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Compositional Dependence of Mechanical Properties of ZrO<sub>2</sub> Based Ceramics Fabricated from ZrO<sub>2</sub>(Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>Solid Solution Powders (2015)

ABSTRACTZrO2 composite ceramics containing 10~30 mol% Al2O3 and 1.5 mol% Y2O3, i.e., 90~70 mol% ZrO2(1.5 mol% Y2O3)-10~30 mol% Al2O3 ceramics, have been fabricated by sintering cubic ZrO2 solid solution (ss) nano-powders prepared via the neutralization co-precipitation method. The sintering was performed using a pulsed electric-current pressure sintering (PECPS) at 1598 K for 10 min under 50~60 MPa in Ar. Dense tetragonal-ZrO2 (ss) ceramics containing α-Al2O3 were composed of 277-130 nm grains. FE-SEM observation revealed that their microstructures, that is the grain sizes of both t-ZrO2 (ss) and α-Al2O3, and the distribution of α-Al2O3 particles, were much influenced by the content of α-Al2O3. The best mechanical properties of extreme high bending strength (σb ≥ 1 GPa) and high fracture toughness (KIC ≥ 15 MPa • m1/2) simultaneously were obtained at the composition of 25 mol% Al2O3 with a high relative density 99.9 %, as the same composition reported for the HIP sintered ZrO2(2~3 mol% Y2O3)-Al2O3 composite ceramics.
Block-diagonal Hessian-free Optimization for Training Neural Networks (2017)

Second-order methods for neural network optimization have several advantages over methods based on first-order gradient descent, including better scaling to large mini-batch sizes and fewer updates needed for convergence. But they are rarely applied to deep learning in practice because of high computational cost and the need for model-dependent algorithmic variations. We introduce a variant of the Hessian-free method that leverages a block-diagonal approximation of the generalized Gauss-Newton matrix. Our method computes the curvature approximation matrix only for pairs of parameters from the same layer or block of the neural network and performs conjugate gradient updates independently for each block. Experiments on deep autoencoders, deep convolutional networks, and multilayer LSTMs demonstrate better convergence and generalization compared to the original Hessian-free approach and the Adam method.
Nitrogen-enriched porous carbon nanorods templated by cellulose nanocrystals as high performance supercapacitor electrodes (2015)

Cellulose nanocrystal-templated melamine-formaldehyde nanorods were fabricated <italic>via in situ</italic> polycondensation followed by a one-step carbonization into hierarchically porous carbon that possessed promising supercapacitive performance.
Identification of the A2 adenosine receptor binding subunit by photoaffinity crosslinking. (1989)

A high-affinity iodinated agonist radioligand for the A2 adenosine receptor has been synthesized to facilitate studies of the A2 adenosine receptor binding subunit. The radioligand 125I-labeled PAPA-APEC (125I-labeled 2-[4-(2-[2-[(4- aminophenyl)methylcarbonylamino]ethylaminocarbonyl]- ethyl)phenyl]ethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine) was synthesized and found to bind to the A2 adenosine receptor in bovine striatal membranes with high affinity (Kd = 1.5 nM) and A2 receptor selectivity. Competitive binding studies reveal the appropriate A2 receptor pharmacologic potency order with 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) greater than (-)-N6-[(R)-1-methyl- 2-phenylethyl]adenosine (R-PIA) greater than (+)-N6-[(S)-1-methyl-2- phenylethyl]adenosine (S-PIA). Adenylate cyclase assays, in human platelet membranes, demonstrate a dose-dependent stimulation of cAMP production. PAPA-APEC (1 microM) produces a 43% increase in cAMP production, which is essentially the same degree of increase produced by 5'-N- ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (the prototypic A2 receptor agonist). These findings combined with the observed guanine nucleotide-mediated decrease in binding suggest that PAPA-APEC is a full A2 agonist. The A2 receptor binding subunit was identified by photoaffinity-crosslinking studies using 125I-labeled PAPA-APEC and the heterobifunctional crosslinking agent N-succinimidyl 6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate (SANPAH). After covalent incorporation, a single specifically radiolabeled protein with an apparent molecular mass of 45 kDa was observed on NaDodSO4/PAGE/autoradiography. Incorporation of 125I-labeled PAPA-APEC into this polypeptide is blocked by agonists and antagonists with the expected potency for A2 receptors (see above) and is decreased in the presence of 10(-4) M guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate. Photoaffinity crosslinking of the A1 adenosine receptor binding subunit with 125I-labeled 8-[4-[2-(4- aminophenylacetylamino)ethyl]carbonylmethyloxyphenyl]-1,3-di propylxanthine (PAPAXAC) (an A1 selective photoaffinity probe) in the same tissue reveals a 38-kDa peptide that exhibits the appropriate A1 receptor pharmacology. 125I-labeled PAPA-APEC, therefore, has identified the A2 receptor binding subunit as a 45-kDa protein that is unique and distinct from the A1 binding subunit.
Uncertainty-Aware Driver Trajectory Prediction at Urban Intersections (2019)

Predicting the motion of a driver’s vehicle is crucial for advanced driving systems, enabling detection of potential risks towards shared control between the driver and automation systems. In this paper, we propose a variational neural network approach that predicts future driver trajectory distributions for the vehicle based on multiple sensors.Our predictor generates both a conditional variational distribution of future trajectories, as well as a confidence estimate for different time horizons. Our approach allows us to handle inherently uncertain situations, and reason about information gain from each input, as well as combine our model with additional predictors, creating a mixture of experts.We show how to augment the variational predictor with a physics-based predictor, and based on their confidence estimations, improve overall system performance. The resulting combined model is aware of the uncertainty associated with its predictions, which can help the vehicle autonomy to make decisions with more confidence. The model is validated on real-world urban driving data collected in multiple locations. This validation demonstrates that our approach improves the prediction error of a physics-based model by 25% while successfully identifying the uncertain cases with 82% accuracy.
Supercritical fluid extraction (1995)

A method of extracting metalloid and metal species from a solid or liquid material by exposing the material to a supercritical fluid solvent containing a chelating agent. The chelating agent forms chelates that are soluble in the supercritical fluid to allow removal of the species from the material. In preferred embodiments, the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide and the chelating agent is a fluorinated or lipophilic crown ether or fluorinated dithiocarbamate. The method provides an environmentally benign process for removing contaminants from industrial waste without using acids or biologically harmful solvents. The chelate and supercritical fluid can be regenerated, and the contaminant species recovered, to provide an economic, efficient process.
Diversity of Carotenoid Synthesis Gene Clusters from Environmental <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Strains (2005)

Eight Enterobacteriaceae strains that produce zeaxanthin and derivatives of this compound were isolated from a variety of environmental samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains grouped with different clusters of Erwinia type strains. Four strains representing the phylogenetic diversity were chosen for further characterization, which revealed their genetic diversity as well as their biochemical diversity. The carotenoid synthesis gene clusters cloned from the four strains had three different gene organizations. Two of the gene clusters, those from strains DC416 and DC260, had the classical organization crtEXYIBZ; the gene cluster from DC413 had the rare organization crtE-idi-XYIBZ; and the gene cluster from DC404 had the unique organization crtE-idi-YIBZ. Besides the diversity in genetic organization, these genes also exhibited considerable sequence diversity. On average, they exhibited 60 to 70% identity with each other, as well as with the corresponding genes of the Pantoea type strains. The four different clusters were individually expressed in Escherichia coli, and the two idi-containing clusters gave more than fivefold-higher carotenoid titers than the two clusters lacking idi. Expression of the crtEYIB genes with and without idi confirmed the effect of increasing carotenoid titer by the type II idi gene linked with the carotenoid synthesis gene clusters.
Gate-tunable memristors from monolayer MoS<inf>2</inf> (2017)

We report here gate-tunable memristors based on monolayer MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These memristors are fabricated in a field-effect geometry with the channel consisting of polycrystalline MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films with grain sizes of 3-5 p.m. The device characteristics show switching ratios up to ~500, with the resistance in individual states being continuously gate-tunable by over three orders of magnitude. The resistive switching results from dynamically varying threshold voltage and Schottky barrier heights, whose underlying physical mechanism appears to be vacancy migration and/or charge trapping. Top-gated devices achieve reversible tuning of threshold voltage, with potential utility in non-volatile memory or neuromorphic architectures.
Structure of Active Coagulation Factor XIII Triggered by Calcium Binding: Basis for the Design of Next‐Generation Anticoagulants (2013)

On active duty: The available drugs for cardiovascular diseases can promote blood clotting but can also lead to life-threatening bleeding episodes. A promising target for the development of safer alternatives is the transglutaminase Factor XIII (FXIII), the active structure of which is presented. The binding and coordination of three calcium ions induce major domain movements in the enzyme upon activation. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Class of Cardiotonics. Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of (4‐(Substituted‐Amino)phenyl)pyridazinones and Related Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract The amine (I) is coupled with the heterocyclic halides (II), producing the derivatives (III) via SN‐reaction.
Two genes of the anaerobic fungus<i>Orpinomyces</i>sp. strain PC-2 encoding cellulases with endoglucanase activities may have arisen by gene duplication (1998)

A cDNA designated celE cloned from Orpinomyces PC-2 consisted of an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide (CelE) of 477 amino acids. CelE was highly homologous to CelBs of Orpinomyces (72.3% identity) and neocallimastix (67.9% identity) and like them it had a non-catalytic repeated peptide domain (NCRPD) at the C-terminal end. The catalytic domain of CelE was homologous to glycosyl hydrolases of Family 5, found in several anaerobic bacteria. The gene of celE was devoid of introns. The recombinant proteins CelE and CelB of Orpinomyces PC-2 randomly hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulose and cello-oligosaccharides in the pattern of endoglucanases. The results indicated that a gene of bacterial origin was duplicated to form celE and celB of Orpinomyces PC-2.
Processing and characterization of functionally gradient ceramic materials. Final report (1994)

Tape casting of ceramic materials offers the flexibility of gradually altering the electronic or structural properties of two dissimilar systems in order to improve their compatibility. This research outlines the processing and fabrication of two systems-of functionally gradient materials. The systems are both electronic ceramic composites consisting Ba(1-x)Sr(x)TiO3 (BSTO) and alumina or a second oxide additive. These composites would be used in phased array antenna systems, therefore, the electronic properties of the material have specific requirements in the microwave frequency regions. The composition of the tapes are varied to provide a graded dielectric constant, which gradually increases from that of air (dielectric constant = 1) to that of the ceramic (dielectric constant = 1500). This allows maximum penetration of incident microwave radiation as well as minimum energy dissipation and insertion loss into the entire phase shifting device.
New neutron detectors based on inorganic scintillators using inelastic scattering (2009)

Detection efficiency of fast and thermal neutrons was studied for detectors based on scintillators LiI(Eu), CWO, BGO, GSO, ZnWO4, CsI(Tl), ZnSe(Te), used in systems for detection of fissionable substances. Results are presented of our studies aimed at practical application of an efficient method for detection of fast and thermal neutrons, which uses the process of inelastic scattering on atom nuclei present in inorganic scintillators. The most evident practical application field for this method is inspection systems for prevention of illegal transportation of radioactive substances.