gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vocabulary-independent search in spontaneous speech (2004)

For efficient organization of speech recordings - meetings, interviews, voice mails, lectures - the ability to search for spoken keywords is an essential capability. Today, most spoken-document retrieval systems use large-vocabulary recognition. For the above scenarios, such systems suffer from both the unpredictable vocabulary/domain and generally high word-error rates (WER). We present a vocabulary-independent system to index and to search rapidly spontaneous speech. A speech recognizer generates lattices of phonetic word fragments, against which keywords are matched phonetically. We first show the need to use recognition alternatives (lattices) in a high-WER context, on a word-based baseline. Then we introduce our new method of phonetic word-fragment lattice generation, which uses longer-span language knowledge than a phoneme recognizer. Last we introduce heuristics to compact the lattices to feasible sizes that can be searched efficiently. On the LDC voice mail corpus, we show that vocabulary/domain-independent phonetic search is as accurate as a vocabulary/domain-dependent word-lattice based baseline system for in-vocabulary keywords (FOMs of 74-75%), but nearly maintains this accuracy also for out-of-vocabulary keywords.
<i><scp>RET</scp></i> fusion gene: Translation to personalized lung cancer therapy (2013)

Development of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), the most frequent histological type of lung cancer, depends in many cases on the activation of "driver" oncogenes such as KRAS, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Inhibitors that target the EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinases show therapeutic effects against LADCs containing EGFR gene mutations and ALK gene fusions, respectively. Recently, we and others identified the RET fusion gene as a new targetable driver gene in LADC. The RET fusions occur in 1-2% of LADCs. Existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved inhibitors of RET tyrosine kinase show promising therapeutic effects both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in a few patients. Clinical trials are underway to investigate the therapeutic effects of RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as vandetanib (ZD6474) and cabozantinib (XL184), in patients with RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
Ex vivo tissue shrinking in microwave thermal ablation (2015)

Aim of this study was to characterize the changes occurring in tissues undergoing microwave ablation, in order to more accurately predict the actual treated volume. Different experiments were conducted in restricted samples (10-40 mm side cubes) and in large samples of ex-vivo bovine liver, varying the deposited energy (60 W at 2.45 GHz, applied for 1-10 min). A comparison between pre- and post-ablation dimensions was conducted, pointing out a substantial shrinkage, non-uniform over time and space, asymmetrical along the microwave antenna axis and perpendicularly to it. The obtained results show a complex tissue behavior and a correlation between the carbonized area and the contraction phenomenon
Studies on an antineoplastic fraction from human urine. Characterization of the major protein in this fraction (1986)

A fraction has been isolated from human urine which exhibits antiproliferative activity against human tumour cell lines without affecting the growth of several normal diploid cell lines or tumour cells of mouse or hamster origin. The major protein present in this fraction has been characterized and tentatively designated antineoplastic urinary protein (ANUP). An S020,W value of 3.69 S was obtained by sedimentation velocity analysis, and a subunit molecular mass of 16 300 Da was obtained by sedimentation equilibrium and by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Centrifugation data also indicated that the protein self-associates. The amino acid analysis of ANUP was consistent with its low pI (4.2) as determined by chromatofocusing analysis. Furthermore, the amino acid composition exhibited some features similar to collagen, as shown by high levels of proline and glycine, the absence of cysteine, and the presence of low levels of hydroxyproline.
Anonymity-based authenticated key agreement with full binding property (2016)

In this paper, we consider some aspects of binding properties that bind an anonymous user with messages. According to whether all the messages or some part of the messages are bound with an anonymous user, the protocol is said to satisfy the full binding property or the partial binding property, respectively. We propose methods to combine binding properties and anonymity-based authenticated key agreement protocols. Our protocol with the full binding property guarantees that while no participant's identity is revealed, a participant completes a key agreement protocol confirming that all the received messages came from the other participant. Our main idea is to use an anonymous signature scheme with a signer-controlled yet partially enforced linkability. Our protocols can be modified to provide additional properties, such as revocable anonymity. We formally prove that the constructed protocols are secure.
Ghost Clean System (1983)

The ghost is one of the most serious problems in TV reception. A variety of approaches have been tried to obtain a ghost-free TV picture, since the early days of TV broadcasting. Among them, a transversal filter type ghost canceller has been enthusiastically studied during the last decade.
Alteration of a Second Putative Fusion Peptide of Structural Glycoprotein E2 of Classical Swine Fever Virus Alters Virus Replication and Virulence in Swine (2016)

This report describes the identification and characterization of a putative fusion peptide (FP) in the major structural protein E2 of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The FP identification was performed by functional structural analysis of E2. We characterized the functional significance of this FP by using artificial membranes. Replacement of critical amino acid residues within the FP radically alters how it interacts with the artificial membranes. When we introduced the same mutations into the viral sequence, there was a reduction in replication in cell cultures, and when we infected domestic swine, the natural host of CSFV host, we observed that the virus was now completely attenuated in swine. In addition, the virus mutant that was attenuated in vivo efficiently protected pigs against wild-type virus. These results provide the proof of principle to support as a strategy for vaccine development the discovery and manipulation of FPs.
Double-Winged 3-Hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-diones: Potent and Selective Inhibition against HIV-1 RNase H with Significant Antiviral Activity (2017)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase (RT)-associated ribonuclease H (RNase H) remains the only virally encoded enzymatic function yet to be exploited as an antiviral target. One of the possible challenges may be that targeting HIV RNase H is confronted with a steep substrate barrier. We have previously reported a 3-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-dione (HPD) subtype that potently and selectively inhibited RNase H without inhibiting HIV in cell culture. We report herein a critical redesign of the HPD chemotype featuring an additional wing at the C5 position that led to drastically improved RNase H inhibition and significant antiviral activity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) concerning primarily the length and flexibility of the two wings revealed important structural features that dictate the potency and selectivity of RNase H inhibition as well as the observed antiviral activity. Our current medicinal chemistry data also revealed that the RNase H biochemical inhibition largely correlated the antiviral activity.
IVUS Validation of Patient Coronary Artery Lumen Area Obtained from CT Images (2014)

The image segmentation and CSA extraction algorithm for reconstruction of coronary arteries proved to be accurate for determination of vessel lumen area. This approach provides fundamental morphometric data for patient-specific models to diagnose and treat coronary artery disease.
Adaptive encoding of fixed codebook in CELP coders (2002)

We propose an adaptive encoding method of fixed codebook in CELP coders and implement an adaptive fixed code excited linear prediction (AF-CELP) speech coder. The AF-CELP exploits the fact that the fixed codebook contribution to the speech signal is also periodic as the adaptive codebook (or pitch filter) contribution. By modeling the fixed codebook with the pitch lag and the gain from the adaptive codebook, the AF-CELP can be implemented at low bit rates as well as low complexity. Listening tests show that a 6.4 kbit/s AF-CELP has a comparable quality to the 8 kbit/s CS-ACELP.
Long-Term Culture of Male Germline Stem Cells From Hamster Testes1 (2007)

Spermatogonial stem cells provide the foundation for spermatogenesis in male animals. We recently succeeded in culturing and genetically engineering mouse spermatogonial stem cells, but little is known regarding the culture and growth requirements of spermatogonial stem cells in other animal species. In this study, we report the successful long-term culture of spermatogonial stem cells from hamster testes. Spermatogonial stem cells were purified using an anti-ITGA6 antibody and cultured in the presence of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. The cells continued to proliferate for at least 1 year. During this period, they were genetically modified using a lentivirus and underwent spermatogenesis after transplantation into the testes of immunodeficient nude mice. However, germ cells generated in the surrogate xenogeneic recipients did not differentiate beyond the spermatid stage, and these round spermatids could not produce offspring through in vitro microinsemination. These results suggest that the germ cells may not have acquired characteristics necessary for fertility in the xenogeneic microenvironment. Nevertheless, the successful establishment of culture conditions conducive for hamster spermatogonial stem cell growth and maintenance indicates that this technique can be extended to other animal species in which current genetic modification techniques are impossible or inefficient.
Method for the Solid-Phase Parallel Synthesis of a 6-Alkylamino-2-(functionalized-aminomethyl)-2<i>H</i>-1-benzopyran Library (2006)

A 2000-member library of benzopyran analogues was prepared by using a solid-phase synthesis protocol. Polymer-bound 6-alkylaminobenzopyrans 7 were synthesized as part of a first generation diversification step by employing reactions of a variety of alkyl halides with the amine 6. Transformations of the resin-bound intermediates 8 formed in this manner by reactions with acid halides, sulfonyl chlorides, and isocyanates leads to introduction of the second level of diversification found in the series of 6-alkylamino-2-(functionalized-aminomethyl)-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran analogues 11 and 12.
Data from Dose and Schedule Determine Distinct Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Efficacy of the p53–MDM2 Inhibitor HDM201 (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Activation of p53 by inhibitors of the p53–MDM2 interaction is being pursued as a therapeutic strategy in p53 wild-type cancers. Here, we report distinct mechanisms by which the novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of the p53–MDM2 interaction HDM201 elicits therapeutic efficacy when applied at various doses and schedules. Continuous exposure of HDM201 led to induction of p21 and delayed accumulation of apoptotic cells. By comparison, high-dose pulses of HDM201 were associated with marked induction of PUMA and a rapid onset of apoptosis. shRNA screens identified PUMA as a mediator of the p53 response specifically in the pulsed regimen. Consistent with this, the single high-dose HDM201 regimen resulted in rapid and marked induction of PUMA expression and apoptosis together with downregulation of Bcl-xL <i>in vivo</i>. Knockdown of Bcl-xL was identified as the top sensitizer to HDM201 <i>in vitro</i>, and Bcl-xL was enriched in relapsing tumors from mice treated with intermittent high doses of HDM201. These findings define a regimen-dependent mechanism by which disruption of MDM2–p53 elicits therapeutic efficacy when given with infrequent dosing. In an ongoing HDM201 trial, the observed exposure–response relationship indicates that the molecular mechanism elicited by pulse dosing is likely reproducible in patients. These data support the clinical comparison of daily and intermittent regimens of p53–MDM2 inhibitors.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> Pulsed high doses versus sustained low doses of the p53-MDM2 inhibitor HDM201 elicit a proapoptotic response from wild-type p53 cancer cells, offering guidance to current clinical trials with this and other drugs that exploit the activity of p53. <i>Cancer Res; 78(21); 6257–67. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Variable magnification glancing incidence x ray telescope (1990)

A multispectral glancing incidence x ray telescope is disclosed, which capable of broadband, high resolution imaging of solar and stellar x ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation sources includes a primary optical system which focuses the incoming radiation to a primary focus. Two or more ellipsoidal mirrors are positioned behind the primary focus at an inclination to the optical axis, each mirror having a concave surface coated with a multilayer synthetic microstructure coating to reflect a desired wavelength. The ellipsoidal mirrors are segments of respective ellipsoids having a common first focus coincident with the primary focus. A detector such as an x ray sensitive photographic film is positioned at the second focus of each of the ellipsoids so that each of the ellipsoidal mirrors may reflect the image at the first focus to the detector. In one embodiment the mirrors are inclined at different angles and has its respective second focus at a different location, separate detectors being located at the respective second focus. The mirrors are arranged so that the magnification and field of view differ, and a solenoid activated arm may withdraw at least one mirror from the beam to select the mirror upon which the beam is to impinge so that selected magnifications and fields of view may be detected.
PDE4 Inhibition Suppresses IL-17–Associated Immunity in Dry Eye Disease (2012)

Topical cilomilast suppresses the generation of IL-17-associated immunity in experimental DED.
A new approach to design low cost, low complexity phased arrays (2010)

This paper presents a new design for a low cost, low complexity phased array. The proposed design allows control of the phase progression in the entire phased array by using only two phase shifters. As a result, cost and complexity of the phased arrays based on this approach can be significantly reduced. The proposed phased array is composed of directional couplers, amplifying stages, power combiners and two phase shifters. The phase shifters are simple and compact consisting of varactor diodes and inductors. As proof-of-principle, a 2 GHz eight-element phased array with an approximate scan angle of 25 degrees is presented.
Wideband late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for imaging myocardial scar without image artefacts induced by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: a feasibility study at 3 T (2014)

This study demonstrates the feasibility of wideband LGE MRI for suppression of image artefacts induced by ICD at 3T.
Nouvelle préparation de polychlorophosphazènes linéaires (1982)

Abstract Polychlorophosphazenes 2 can easily be obtained by thermal condensation of dichlorophosphinoyliminotrichlorophosphorane ( 1 ) under atmospheric pressure at 240–290°C, pure POCl 3 being eliminated. The different stages of the reaction were studied by chemical analysis, 31 P NMR, IR spectroscopy, and thin layer chromatography. The procedure enables one to obtain polymers of low and high molecular weights. The samples do not contain any cyclic or reticular polymers. Species of low molecular weights can be separated from those with high molecular weights by treatment with heptane. The total yield of phosphorus is 100% with regard to the starting material. Substitution products (Cl by OCH 2 CF 3 ) are obtained which are identical with those obtained with the polychlorophosphazenes prepared via classical methods.
Discontinuous phase elements for transverse mode selection in laser resonators (1999)

Discontinuous phase elements can be inserted into laser resonators so that the lasers will operate with only one desired high order transverse mode. These elements introduce sharp discontinuous phase changes so as to result in minimal losses for a desired transverse mode but high losses to others. The basic principles, along with experimental results with Nd:yttrium–aluminum–garnet and CO2 lasers, illustrating improved output powers with a high beam quality of low divergence, are presented.
Finding structure in home videos by probabilistic hierarchical clustering (2003)

Accessing, organizing, and manipulating home videos present technical challenges due to their unrestricted content and lack of storyline. We present a methodology to discover cluster structure in home videos, which uses video shots as the unit of organization, and is based on two concepts: (1) the development of statistical models of visual similarity, duration, and temporal adjacency of consumer video segments and (2) the reformulation of hierarchical clustering as a sequential binary Bayesian classification process. A Bayesian formulation allows for the incorporation of prior knowledge of the structure of home video and offers the advantages of a principled methodology. Gaussian mixture models are used to represent the class-conditional distributions of intra- and inter-segment visual and temporal features. The models are then used in the probabilistic clustering algorithm, where the merging order is a variation of highest confidence first, and the merging criterion is maximum a posteriori. The algorithm does not need any ad-hoc parameter determination. We present extensive results on a 10-h home-video database with ground truth which thoroughly validate the performance of our methodology with respect to cluster detection, individual shot-cluster labeling, and the effect of prior selection.
Full-field laser vibrometer study of dissipation in a beam with a coupled oscillator array (2017)

Coupled oscillator systems can be designed to manage the distribution of mechanical energy in vibration or acoustic systems. A specific implementation of an array composed of small damped mass-spring attachments on a primary is here referred to as a subordinate oscillator array. SOAs and their ability to absorb energy from a primary mass are of continued importance in analysis for both structural and acoustic systems. The ability to dissipate energy in a specific frequency band has many potential applications. This work will use laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) to evaluate a beam mounted on an electromechanical shaker with and without an attached planar SOA composed of much smaller beams. This study is motivated by earlier work that indicated a high sensitivity to disorder in the form of fabrication error. The apparatus allows for the controlled introduction of various levels of disorder to quantify its effect and compare to a numerical model. We will show full-field forced response from the LDV with and without the SOA and the resulting apparent damping within the band of the SOA for various levels of disorder.
Five New Maleic and Succinic Acid Derivatives from the Mycelium of<i>Antrodia</i><i>c</i><i>amphorata</i>and Their Cytotoxic Effects on LLC Tumor Cell Line (2003)

Five new maleic and succinic acid derivatives were isolated from the mycelium of Antrodia camphorata. Their structures were determined by various spectroscopic means. Maleimide derivatives 2 and 3 showed appreciable cytotoxic activity against LLC cells.
Metabolic Fluxes in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> during Lysine Production with Sucrose as Carbon Source (2004)

Metabolic fluxes in the central metabolism were determined for lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21526 with sucrose as a carbon source, providing an insight into molasses-based industrial production processes with this organism. For this purpose, 13C metabolic flux analysis with parallel studies on [1-(13C)Fru]sucrose, [1-(13C)Glc]sucrose, and [13C6Fru]sucrose was carried out. C. glutamicum directed 27.4% of sucrose toward extracellular lysine. The strain exhibited a relatively high flux of 55.7% (normalized to an uptake flux of hexose units of 100%) through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The glucose monomer of sucrose was completely channeled into the PPP. After transient efflux, the fructose residue was mainly taken up by the fructose-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS) and entered glycolysis at the level of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase operated in the gluconeogenetic direction from fructose-6-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate and supplied additional carbon (7.2%) from the fructose part of the substrate toward the PPP. This involved supply of fructose-6-phosphate from the fructose part of sucrose either by PTS(Man) or by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. C. glutamicum further exhibited a high tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux of 78.2%. Isocitrate dehydrogenase therefore significantly contributed to the total NADPH supply of 190%. The demands for lysine (110%) and anabolism (32%) were lower than the supply, resulting in an apparent NADPH excess. The high TCA cycle flux and the significant secretion of dihydroxyacetone and glycerol display interesting targets to be approached by genetic engineers for optimization of the strain investigated.
Novel Complex Nanostructure from Directed Assembly of Block Copolymers on Incommensurate Surface Patterns (2008)

A novel complex nanostructure , produced by the directed assembly of a block copolymer thin film on chemically patterned surfaces, is presented. The new nanostructure, which consists of cylinders oriented alternately parallel and perpendicular to the surface (see figure, a result of self‐consistent field calculations), demonstrates that a judiciously designed chemical pattern may be used to fabricate a well‐ordered complex nanostructure in block copolymer thin films.
Nonglycosylated G-Protein Vaccine Protects against Homologous and Heterologous Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Challenge, while Glycosylated G Enhances RSV Lung Pathology and Cytokine Levels (2015)

New efforts are under way to develop vaccines against RSV that will provide protective immunity without the potential for disease enhancement. The G attachment protein represents an important candidate for inclusion in an effective RSV vaccine. In the current study, we evaluated the safety and protective efficacy of the RSV A2 recombinant unglycosylated G protein ectodomain produced in E. coli (REG) and those of glycosylated G produced in mammalian cells (RMG) in a mouse RSV challenge model (strains A2 and B1). The unglycosylated G generated high protective immunity and no lung pathology, even in animals that lacked anti-RSV neutralizing antibodies prior to RSV challenge. Control of viral loads correlated with antibody binding to the G protein. In contrast, the glycosylated G protein provided poor protection and enhanced lung pathology after RSV challenge. Therefore, bacterially produced unglycosylated G protein holds promise as an economical approach to a protective vaccine against RSV.