gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A reliable Doppler-based solution for single sensor geolocation (2013)

This paper examines the ability of particle filters to provide accurate Doppler-based frequency of arrival (FOA) geolocation of radio frequency (RF) emitters. Most existing non-differential Doppler geolocation techniques simplify their geolocation solution by assuming that the emitter's carrier frequency is unknown but stable over the course of the triangulation. This assumption is often violated by today's commercial devices whose applications allow for significant carrier frequency drift, with the result of erroneous FOA solutions. The proposed approach uses particles to discretely represent a state's hypothesized emitter location and conditionally updates the particle's associated frequency drift based on that location and the observations. The performance of this approach is examined for the case of a relatively slow-moving unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The results show it is significantly more accurate and robust than Newton's iterative gradient descent techniques, and closely approaches the FOA Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for location estimation.
Effect of phase transition temperature of liposomes on preparation of fullerene-encapsulated liposomes by the fullerene-exchange reaction (2010)

It is shown that the fullerene-exchange reaction from the cyclodextrin cavity to liposomes, to prepare lipid membrane-incorporating fullerenes, occurred above the phase transition temperature (T(m)) of liposomes.
Biological Immunoassays Without Bound/Free Separation Utilizing Magnetic Marker and HTS SQUID (2007)

We have developed a magnetic immunoassay system utilizing a magnetic marker and HTS SQUID. In this system, the magnetic marker was used to detect the biological material called antigen. The magnetic marker was designed so as to generate a remanence, and the remanence field of the markers that bound to the antigens was measured with the SQUID. The measurement was performed in a solution that contained both the bound and free (or unbound) markers, i.e., without using the so-called bound/free (BF) separation process. The Brownian rotation of the free markers in the solution was used to distinguish the bound markers from the free ones. Using the system, we conducted the detection of the biological material called human IgE. Good relationship was obtained between the detected signal and the weight of IgE. Minimum detectable weight of IgE was 2.4 pg (or 15 atto-mol). This sensitivity was limited by the background signal from the free markers.
Vaccine-Induced Immunity in Baboons by Using DNA and Replication-Incompetent Adenovirus Type 5 Vectors Expressing a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 <i>gag</i> Gene (2003)

The cellular immunogenicity of formulated plasmid DNA and replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vaccine vectors expressing a codon-optimized human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag gene was examined in baboons. The Ad5 vaccine was capable of inducing consistently strong, long-lived CD8(+)-biased T-cell responses and in vitro cytotoxic activities. The DNA vaccine-elicited immune responses were weaker than those elicited by the Ad5 vaccine and highly variable; formulation with chemical adjuvants led to moderate increases in the levels of Gag-specific T cells. Increasing the DNA-primed responses with booster doses of either Ad5 or modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccines suggests a difference in the relative levels of cytotoxic and helper responses. The implications of these results are discussed.
Coded Aperture Pair for Phase Imaging (2014)

We propose a novel quantitative phase imaging approach by encoding light fields into the complementary image pair with computational reconstruction. Our linear amplitude coded aperture pair achieves higher phase retrieval accuracy compared to conventional approaches.
Amyloidogenesis in Familial British Dementia Is Associated with a Genetic Defect on Chromosome 13 (2000)

Familial British dementia (FBD) is a disorder characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits in cerebral blood vessels and brain parenchyma coexisting with neurofibrillary tangles in limbic areas. The amyloid subunit (ABri) is a 4 kDa fragment of a 266 amino acid type II single-spanning transmembrane precursor protein encoded by the BRI gene located on chromosome 13. In FBD patients, a single base substitution at the stop codon of this gene generates a larger 277-residue precursor (ABriPP-277). Proteolytic processing by a furin-like enzyme at the C-terminus of the elongated precursor generates the 34 amino acid ABri that undergoes rapid aggregation and fibrillization. ABri is structually unrelated to all known amyloids including A beta, the main component of the amyloid lesions in Alzheimer's disease (AD), indicating that cerebral deposition of amyloid molecules other than A beta can trigger similar neuropathological changes leading to neuronal loss and dementia. These data support the concept that amyloid deposition in the vascular wall and brain parenchyma is of primary importance in the initiation of neurogeneration.
Production of Ti–Fe alloys <i>via</i> molten oxide electrolysis at a liquid iron cathode (2018)

This work studies the direct electrochemical preparation of Ti-Fe alloys through molten oxide electrolysis (MOE) at a liquid iron cathode. Cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic electrolysis have been employed to study the cathodic process of titanium ions. The results show that cathodic behavior happens during the negative sweep at a potential range from -0.80 to -1.25 V (<i>vs.</i> QRE-Mo), corresponding to the electro-reduction of titanium ions. Importantly, Ti-Fe and titanium-rich Ti-Fe alloys have been successfully produced by galvanostatic electrolysis at different current densities of 0.15 and 0.30 A cm<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. The results show that it is feasible to directly prepare Ti-Fe alloys by the MOE method at a liquid iron cathode.
Identification of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor As the c- <i>met</i> Proto-Oncogene Product (1991)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a plasminogen-like protein thought to be a humoral mediator of liver regeneration. A 145-kilodalton tyrosyl phosphoprotein observed in rapid response to HGF treatment of intact target cells was identified by immunoblot analysis as the beta subunit of the c-met proto-oncogene product, a membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase. Covalent cross-linking of 125I-labeled ligand to cellular proteins of appropriate size that were recognized by antibodies to c-met directly established the c-met product as the cell-surface receptor for HGF.
Electroluminescence from organic semiconductorsin patterned microcavities (1994)

The authors have fabricated light-emitting diodes with emission peaks from 490 to 630 nm using planar microcavity tailored luminescence from a single organic semiconductor. The optical thickness of the microcavities is controlled with a patterned inert filler. This approach obviates the need to integrate three separate emissive materials in the manufacture of full colour electroluminescent displays.
Alternative insulation gas for medium-voltage switchgear (2016)

Although the contribution of SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) emissions from gas insulated medium-voltage switchgear to man-made global warming is very small, an eco-efficient insulation gas will contribute to a reduction in the carbon footprint of the electricity grid. Based on fluoroketone molecules an alternative to SF6 gas insulation has been developed for medium-voltage switchgear applications. The alternative fluoroketone/air gas mixture combines good electrical performance with a very low global warming potential GWP <; 1. Compared to the global warming potential of 22.800 from SF6, a reduction of nearly 100% can be achieved using the alternative gas. This paper presents main conclusions of the development of a medium-voltage Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) using the new alternative insulation gas, including a comparison of alternative gas technologies and applying experiences from pilot projects for switchgear applications.
Adenosine receptor binding: structure-activity analysis generates extremely potent xanthine antagonists. (1983)

Structure-activity analysis of alkylxanthine derivatives at adenosine receptor binding sites has been employed to design more potent adenosine receptor antagonists. Receptor affinities of xanthines were determined by measuring inhibition of the binding of N6-[3H]cyclohexyladenosine to bovine brain membranes. 1,3-Dipropyl substitutions enhance potency compared to the 1,3-dimethyl substitution in theophylline. An 8-phenyl substituent produces a considerable increase in potency, which is augmented by certain para substitutions on the 8-phenyl ring. Combining an ortho amino with a para-chloro substituent on the 8-phenyl ring affords further increases in potency. Combining all of these substituents results in 1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl) xanthine, a compound of extraordinary receptor affinity, with a Ki for adenosine A1 receptors of 22 pM. It is 4,000,000 times more potent than xanthine itself and 70,000 times more potent than theophylline.
Large-area Silicon-Film{trademark} manufacturing under the PVMaT program (1997)

AstroPower is developing a manufacturing process for Silicon-Film solar cell production under an NREL-administered PVMaT cost-share program. Progress in improving efficiencies and increasing the size and production volume of Silicon-Film solar cells over the past year are discussed. Future concepts and goals for the Silicon-Film process are also discussed.
Ink normalization and beautification (2005)

Handwriting recognition is difficult because of the high variability of handwriting and because of segmentation errors. We propose an approach that reduces this variability without requiring letter segmentation. We build an ink extrema classifier which labels local minima of ink as {bottom, baseline, other} and maxima as {midline, top, other}. Despite the high variability of ink, the classifier is 86% accurate (with 0% rejection). We use the classifier information to normalize the ink. This is done by applying a "rubber sheet" warping followed by a "rubber rod" warping. Both warpings are computed using conjugate gradient methods. We display the normalization results on a few examples. This paper illustrates the pitfalls of ink normalization and "beautification ", when solved independently of letter recognition.
Scripting Online Social Interaction (2001)

Scripting of social interaction is commonplace in off-line systems. On-line, this technique can be even more effective, using the computer as mediator. To investigate this area, we implemented a prototype system named Lead Line that adds scripting to plain text chat. Using Lead Line, we ran a number of informal trials and conducted an experiment in structured versus unstructured interaction in a goal-directed task. We learned a number of things, some confirming previous results, and some new: brainstorming and assessment tasks work well when scripted; lessons users learn from a script persist; structure enables creativity; familiar contexts can enable communication; identity is a tool; and roles can empower the user.
Evidence that proteolytic separation of Shiga-like toxin type IIv A subunit into A1 and A2 subunits is not required for toxin activity. (1994)

The role for proteolytic activation of Shiga-like toxin type II variant (SLT-IIv) A subunit was examined using site-directed mutagenesis. Processing of the enzymatically active A subunit by trypsin results in cleavage at an arginine residue(s) (Arg247 and/or Arg250) located between two cysteines. After reduction of the disulfide bond, the processed A subunit separates into an enzymatically active A1 and an A2 peptide. Substitution mutations were created in SLT-IIv that replaced each or both of the two arginines with either glutamic acid (R247E, R250E, or R247E/R250E) or histidine (R247H, R250H, or R247H/R250H). The products of all glutamic acid substitution mutations were immunoreactive but were not cytotoxic due to an inability to assemble into holotoxin. The products of all histidine substitution mutations had cytotoxic activities, enzymatic activities, and a lethal dose for mice similar to that of native toxin. R247H and R250H were susceptible to proteolytic cleavage while R247H/R250H was resistant to processing by exogenously added trypsin. Native toxin incubated with Vero cells was completely cleaved while only a fraction of R247H/R250H was cleaved. These results demonstrate that cleavage of SLT-IIv can be mediated by proteases with different specificities and suggest efficient cleavage is not required for toxicity.
Association between fatty acid compositions and genotypes of FABP4 and LXR-alpha in Japanese Black cattle (2008)

Our findings suggest that the two polymorphisms of FABP4 I74V and LXRalpha V133I might be genetic factors in part associated with palmitoleic acid (FABP4 I74V) and linoleic acid (LXRalpha V133I) composition in intramuscular fat of Japanese Black cattle, respectively. Especially, FABP4 I74V had highly significant effect (P < 0.01) on C16:1 proportion, indicating that the I/I homozygote exhibited 0.5% higher percentage than V/V homozygote.
ET-22 * CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY OF THE AUGER-ELECTRON-EMITTER 125I-UdR: A HIGHLY EFFICIENT THERAPY IN AN ORTHOTOPIC GLIOBLASTOMA XENOGRAFT MODEL (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most common and malignant primary brain tumors, always recur after standard treatment. In order to develop more efficient therapies, we tested a novel therapeutic approach using the radioactive Auger-electron-emitter (AEE) [125I]5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125I-UdR). This drug incorporates into DNA of dividing cells and upon decay emission of Auger-electrons causes clusters of double strand breaks leading to cell death. METHODS: In vitro, cells from two GBM spheroid cultures (T78 & T87) were exposed to either 125I-UdR or 127I-UdR (non-radioactive analogue) and tumor cell viability and migration were measured. In vivo, nude rats were implanted orthotopically with T87 cells and after tumor formation micro infusion pumps were implanted enabling direct intratumoral convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Animals were divided into three groups (I-III). Group I (n = 8) was treated with 127I-UdR by CED, group II (n = 7) with neoadjuvant methotrexate (MTX) + 125I-UdR by CED and group III with neoadjuvant MTX + 125I-UdR by CED and concomitant systemic temozolomide (TMZ). Rats were followed for 180 days post-treatment with repeated [11C]methylaminoisobutyric acid ([11C]MeAIB) positron emission tomography scans and blood sampling. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scans were performed to evaluate 125I-UdR distribution. Additionally, post-mortem histological examination of brain, liver, kidneys and thyroid gland was performed. RESULTS: In vitro, 125I-UdR significantly decreased GBM cell viability and migration. In group I, no animals (8/8) survived longer than 23 days after treatment start. In group II, 4/7 animals survived the entire observation period of 180 days. In group III, all animals (8/8) survived the entire observation period. SPECT/CT showed a widespread intracerebral distribution of 125I-UdR, while blood samples and post-mortem histology revealed no signs of dose-limiting adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: The novel therapeutic approach with CED of MTX and the AEE-compound 125I-UdR in combination with systemic TMZ seemed safe and very efficient in the orthotopic GBM model.
2-Hydroxyglutarate Production, but Not Dominant Negative Function, Is Conferred by Glioma-Derived NADP+-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations (2011)

Binding to, or dominant inhibition of, WT IDH1 or IDH2 is not a shared feature of the IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, and thus is not likely to be important in cancer. The fact that the gain of the enzymatic activity to produce 2HG is a shared feature of the IDH1 and IDH2 mutations suggests that this is an important function for these mutants in driving cancer pathogenesis.
Characteristics of Tc-99m-complexes of large tetraphosphonates (1984)

Tetraphoshonate derivates of dicyclopentadiene (TPDCPD), norbornane (TPNB) and piperazine (TPP) inhibit boiler scale by forming stable ''C-clamp'' chelate structures with calcium and other metals. Their large size and molecular composition of several phosphate groups should favor the formation of Tc-99m chelates with greater chemical purity than the Tc-99m diphosphonates used for clinical skeletal imaging. All three were evaluated and compared to Tc-99-m-MDP as skeletal radiopharmaceuticals. TPDCPD and TPNB rapidly formed stable complexes with Tc-99m (>90%) in aqueous solution at pH3. Tc-99m-TPP was unstable after complexation. Skeletal uptake of Tc-99m-TPNB (41.7 +- 2.5% ID) in rats 2 hours post-injection was equivalent to Tc-99m-MDP (39.4 +- 7.4% ID) while Tc-99m-TPDCPD was slightly less (35.9 +- 2.7% ID). Non-osseous uptake of these ligands was minimal (eg., liver, < 0.2% ID/1% BWt). In rabbits, Tc-99m-TPNB and -TPDCPD gave skeletal uptakes less than (approx. =75%) Tc-99m-MDP. Both chelates had blood clearance rates nearly identical to Tc-99m-MDP despite differences in their molecular structure and ligand size. Qualitative planar images of the rabbit skeleton using Tc-99m-TPNB and Tc-99m-MDP were comparable. Although the Tc99m-tetraphosphate chelates are not superior diagnostic skeletal imaging agents as Tc-99m-MDP their skeletal selectivity, rapid blood clearance, stability and apparent chelate purity suggest they maymore » form useful therapeutic chelates with various particulate emitting radionuclides.« less
Compact, Automated Centrifugal Slide-Staining System (2004)

The Directional Acceleration Vector-Driven Displacement of Fluids (DAVD-DOF) system, under development at the time of reporting the information for this article, would be a relatively compact, automated, centrifugally actuated system for staining blood smears and other microbiological samples on glass microscope slides in either a microgravitational or a normal Earth gravitational environment. The DAVD-DOF concept is a successor to the centrifuge-operated slide stainer (COSS) concept, which was reported in Slide-Staining System for Microgravity or Gravity (MSC-22949), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 25, No. 1 (January, 2001), page 64. The COSS includes reservoirs and a staining chamber that contains a microscope slide to which a biological sample is affixed. The staining chamber is sequentially filled with and drained of staining and related liquids from the reservoirs by use of a weighted plunger to force liquid from one reservoir to another at a constant level of hypergravity maintained in a standard swing-bucket centrifuge. In the DAVD-DOF system, a staining chamber containing a sample would also be sequentially filled and emptied, but with important differences. Instead of a simple microscope slide, one would use a special microscope slide on which would be fabricated a network of very small reservoirs and narrow channels connected to a staining chamber (see figure). Unlike in the COSS, displacement of liquid would be effected by use of the weight of the liquid itself, rather than the weight of a plunger.
Long‐term safety and treatment effects of cannabidiol in children and adults with treatment‐resistant epilepsies: Expanded access program results (2018)

Results from this ongoing EAP support previous observational and clinical trial data showing that add-on CBD may be an efficacious long-term treatment option for TRE.
Elucidating Deviating Temperature Behavior of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes and Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells (2020)

Abstract Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) exhibit different operational modes that render them attractive for complementary applications, but their dependency on the device temperature has not been systematically compared. Here, the effects of a carefully controlled device temperature on the performance of OLEDs and LECs based on two common emissive organic semiconductors are investigated. It is found that the peak luminance and current efficacy of the two OLEDs are relatively temperature independent, whereas, the corresponding LECs exhibit a significant increase by ≈85% when the temperature is changed from 20 to 80 °C. A combination of simulations and measurements reveal that this deviating behavior is consistent with a shift of the emission zone from closer to the transparent anode toward the center of the active material for both the OLEDs and the LECs, which in turn can be induced by a stronger positive temperature dependence of the mobility of the holes than the electrons.
Exomic Sequencing Identifies <i>PALB2</i> as a Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility Gene (2009)

Through complete sequencing of the protein-coding genes in a patient with familial pancreatic cancer, we identified a germline, truncating mutation in PALB2 that appeared responsible for this patient's predisposition to the disease. Analysis of 96 additional patients with familial pancreatic cancer revealed three distinct protein-truncating mutations, thereby validating the role of PALB2 as a susceptibility gene for pancreatic cancer. PALB2 mutations have been previously reported in patients with familial breast cancer, and the PALB2 protein is a binding partner for BRCA2. These results illustrate that complete, unbiased sequencing of protein-coding genes can lead to the identification of a gene responsible for a hereditary disease.
Interferometric optical signal-to-noise ratio measurements of telecom signals with degraded extinction ratio (2008)

We measure full interferograms of telecom signals impaired by noise and investigate their applicability to in-band optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring in practical systems. We experimentally establish that the dependence of overall shape of the interferogram on a signal's extinction ratio (ER) is strong but not unique. As the ER is being degraded the interferogram evolves in two distinct ways depending on the modulation conditions. The resulting ambiguity in the interferogram shape prevents OSNR measurements on completely unknown signals and necessitates a calibration for each modulator condition. With appropriate calibration, we experimentally demonstrate reliable OSNR measurements in the 5 to 25 dB range for 42.8 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero, return-to-zero, and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero on-off-keyed signals.
Laterally coupled-cavity semiconductor lasers (1987)

We analyze the threshold behavior of a pair of laterally coupled semiconductor lasers of different lengths. The predictions include longitudinal mode selectivity leading to single longitudinal mode operation with a periodicity determined by the length mismatch, and ripples in the equipower curves in the current plane due to carrier-induced index shifts. We present experimental measurements that confirm these predictions.