gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiometric analysis of gradient-index lens arrays for reduction/enlargement (1985)

Gradient-index lens arrays that make reduced or enlarged images have been invented at Xerox Corp. An important optical property of these lens arrays is their radiometric speed. Thus a general procedure for the radiometric analysis of arbitrary magnification gradient-index lens arrays has been developed. The analysis has been applied to a particular array which was fabricated by Nippon Sheet Glass Co. and tested at Xerox.
Imaging transverse flow velocity using spectral bandwidth of the Doppler frequency shift in phase-resolved ODT (2002)

The Doppler bandwidth extracted from the standard deviation of the frequency shift in phase-resolved optical Doppler tomography (ODT) is used to image the velocity component transverse to the probing beam. Using a simple geometric optics model, the linear dependence of the Doppler bandwidth on flow velocity is theoretically derived and it is found that the effective numerical aperture (NA) of the optical objective determines the slope of this dependence. Above a certain threshold flow velocity, this linear relationship is in good agreement with experimental data. In the case where the angle between the probing beam and flow direction is within –15 degree to the perpendicular, the Doppler frequency shift is very sensitive to angle position while the Doppler bandwidth is insensitive to flow direction. Linear dependence of the flow velocity on the Doppler bandwidth allows accurate measurement of flow velocity without precise determination of flow direction. In addition, it also extends the dynamic range of the average frequency shift mapping method used in the phase-resolved ODT.
DNA and Protein Changes Caused by Disease in Human Breast Tissues Probed by the Kubelka-Munk Spectral Function¶ (2002)

Malignant, fibroadenoma, normal and adipose breast tissues were studied using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of the breast tissues were extracted from the diffuse reflectance spectra using the Kubelka-Munk function (K-M function). The spectral features of the K-M function were identified and compared with those of the absorption spectra. The spectral features of the K-M function were assigned to DNA, protein, beta-carotene and hemoglobin (oxygenated and deoxygenated) molecules in the breast tissue. The amplitudes of the K-M function averaged from 275 to 285 nm and from 255 to 265 nm and were found to be different for malignant, fibroadenoma and normal tissues. These differences were attributed to changes in proteins and DNA. A set of critical parameters was determined for separating malignant tissues from fibroadenoma and normal tissues. This approach should hold for other tissue types such as cervix, uterus and colon.
Evaluating the Validity of an Automated Device for Asthma Monitoring for Adolescents: Correlational Design (2015)

This study demonstrates validity of ADAM as a symptom-monitoring device in teens with asthma. ADAM data reflect the current status of asthma control and predict asthma morbidity and quality of life for the near future. A monitoring device such as ADAM can increase patients' awareness of the patterns of cough for early detection of worsening asthma and has the potential for preventing serious and costly future consequences of asthma.
Development Real-Time PCR Assays to Genetically Differentiate Vaccinated Pigs From Infected Pigs With the Eurasian Strain of African Swine Fever Virus (2021)

Currently, African swine fever virus (ASFV) represents one of the most important economic threats for the global pork industry. Recently, significant advances have been made in the development of potential vaccine candidates to protect pigs against this virus. We have previously developed attenuated vaccine candidates by deleting critical viral genes associated with virulence. Here, we present the development of the accompanying genetic tests to discriminate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), a necessity during an ASFV vaccination campaign. We describe here the development of three independent real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays that detect the presence of MGF-360-12L, UK, and I177L genes, which were previously deleted from the highly virulent Georgia strain of ASFV to produce the three recombinant live attenuated vaccine candidates. When compared with the diagnostic reference qPCR that detects the p72 gene, all assays demonstrated comparable levels of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of amplification to detect presence/absence of the ASFV Georgia 2007/1 strain (prototype virus of the Eurasian lineage) from a panel of blood samples from naïve, vaccinated, and infected pigs. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of these real-time PCR assays to be used as genetic DIVA tests, supporting vaccination campaigns associated with the use of ASFV-ΔMGF, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK, and ASFV-ΔI177L or cell culture adapted ASFV-ΔI177LΔLVR live attenuated vaccines in the field.
Pace mapping using body surface potential maps to guide catheter ablation of accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. (1993)

BACKGROUND. A pace mapping technique using body surface potential maps (BSPMs) was developed to guide the positioning of an ablation catheter at the ventricular insertion point of accessory pathways (AP) in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW). METHODS AND RESULTS. The study was performed on 30 WPW patients. BSPMs were recorded with 63 leads distributed over the entire torso surface. The catheter used for radiofrequency ablation was first placed in the vicinity of the ventricular preexcitation site predicted by BSPMs recorded during the delta wave. BSPMs were then recorded during pacing with this catheter, the comparison between the preexcited and paced BSPMs indicated whether the pacing site was too anterior or posterior with respect to the preexcitation site, and the catheter was moved accordingly. This process was repeated until the preexcited and paced BSPMs were highly correlated (r > or = 0.8), and ablation then was attempted. It was possible to successfully ablate the AP in 28 patients after an investigation that lasted 54 +/- 44 minutes between the recording of the first paced BSPM and that of the BSPM paced at the successful ablation site. Patients with left free wall pathways needed less investigation time compared with patients with pathways of other locations (46 +/- 9 versus 100 +/- 25 minutes, p = 0.031). The sensitivity of BSPM pace mapping was assessed using pacing with a multipolar catheter, and significant changes were observed on the BSPMs for beats with pacing sites that were only 5 mm apart. CONCLUSIONS, BSPM pace mapping allowed us to achieve a 93% success rate with short investigation durations, provides significant information that cannot be obtained with the standard 12-lead ECG, is a self-correcting procedure that reduces the importance of BSPM alterations due to individual differences in the shape of the torso or heart, and is applicable only to patients with AP showing antegrade conduction.
Metal halide perovskite light emitters (2016)

Twenty years after layer-type metal halide perovskites were successfully developed, 3D metal halide perovskites (shortly, perovskites) were recently rediscovered and are attracting multidisciplinary interest from physicists, chemists, and material engineers. Perovskites have a crystal structure composed of five atoms per unit cell (ABX<sub>3</sub>) with cation A positioned at a corner, metal cation B at the center, and halide anion X at the center of six planes and unique optoelectronic properties determined by the crystal structure. Because of very narrow spectra (full width at half-maximum ≤20 nm), which are insensitive to the crystallite/grain/particle dimension and wide wavelength range (400 nm ≤ λ ≤ 780 nm), perovskites are expected to be promising high-color purity light emitters that overcome inherent problems of conventional organic and inorganic quantum dot emitters. Within the last 2 y, perovskites have already demonstrated their great potential in light-emitting diodes by showing high electroluminescence efficiency comparable to those of organic and quantum dot light-emitting diodes. This article reviews the progress of perovskite emitters in two directions of bulk perovskite polycrystalline films and perovskite nanoparticles, describes current challenges, and suggests future research directions for researchers to encourage them to collaborate and to make a synergetic effect in this rapidly emerging multidisciplinary field.
The power of simple tabulation hashing (2011)

Randomized algorithms are often enjoyed for their simplicity, but the hash functions used to yield the desired theoretical guarantees are often neither simple nor practical. Here we show that the simplest possible tabulation hashing provides unexpectedly strong guarantees. The scheme itself dates back to Carter and Wegman (STOC'77). Keys are viewed as consisting of c characters. We initialize c tables T_1, ..., T_c mapping characters to random hash codes. A key x=(x_1, ..., x_c) is hashed to T_1[x_1] xor ... xor T_c[x_c].
A novel geometry based MRAM PUF (2014)

In this paper we have proposed a novel MRAM based physically unclonable function (PUF) using the uncontrollable geometric variation in MRAM cells. The geometric variations generate a preferred ground state in every MRAM cell that we have used for the novel PUF. We have also analyzed the security properties of this PUF using a combination of simulation and fabrication methods. Results show an intra-distance of 0.0225 and an inter-distance of 0.47 for this PUF.
Biodegradable Micellar HPMA-Based Polymer–Drug Conjugates with Betulinic Acid for Passive Tumor Targeting (2016)

Here, we present the synthesis, physicochemical, and preliminary biological characterization of micellar polymer-betulinic acid (BA) conjugates based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer carriers, enabling the controlled release of cytotoxic BA derivatives in solid tumors or tumor cells. Various HPMA copolymer conjugates differing in the structure of the spacer between the drug and the carrier were synthesized, all designed for pH-triggered drug release in tumor tissue or tumor cells. The high molecular weight of the micellar conjugates should improve the uptake of the drug in solid tumors due to the Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Nevertheless, only the conjugate containing BA with methylated carboxyl groups enabled pH-dependent controlled release in vitro. Moreover, drug release led to the disassembly of the micellar structure, which facilitated elimination of the water-soluble HPMA copolymer carrier from the body by renal filtration. The methylated BA derivative and its polymer conjugate exhibited high cytostatic activity against DLD-1, HT-29, and HeLa carcinoma cell lines and enhanced tumor accumulation in HT-29 xenograft in mice.
A Cell-penetrating Helical Polymer For siRNA Delivery to Mammalian Cells (2012)

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are routinely used for intracellular delivery of a variety of cargo, including drugs, genes, and short interfering RNA (siRNA). Most CPPs are active only upon exposure to acidic environments inside of late endosomes, thereby facilitating the endosomal escape of internalized vectors. Here, we describe the generation of a synthetic polypeptide—PVBLGn-8—that is able to adopt a helical structure independent of pH. Like other CPPs, the helical structure of PVBLGn-8 allows the polypeptide to destabilize membranes. However, since the helix is stable at all physiologically relevant pH values between pH 2 and pH 7.4, the membrane permeation properties of PVBLGn-8 are irreversible. Given its pH-insensitive activity, our results suggest that PVBLGn-8 is able to facilitate efficient siRNA delivery by causing pore formation in the cell membranes through which either free or complexed siRNA is able to diffuse. This nonspecific form of entry into the cell cytosol may prove useful when trying to deliver siRNA to cells which have proven to be difficult to transfect. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are routinely used for intracellular delivery of a variety of cargo, including drugs, genes, and short interfering RNA (siRNA). Most CPPs are active only upon exposure to acidic environments inside of late endosomes, thereby facilitating the endosomal escape of internalized vectors. Here, we describe the generation of a synthetic polypeptide—PVBLGn-8—that is able to adopt a helical structure independent of pH. Like other CPPs, the helical structure of PVBLGn-8 allows the polypeptide to destabilize membranes. However, since the helix is stable at all physiologically relevant pH values between pH 2 and pH 7.4, the membrane permeation properties of PVBLGn-8 are irreversible. Given its pH-insensitive activity, our results suggest that PVBLGn-8 is able to facilitate efficient siRNA delivery by causing pore formation in the cell membranes through which either free or complexed siRNA is able to diffuse. This nonspecific form of entry into the cell cytosol may prove useful when trying to deliver siRNA to cells which have proven to be difficult to transfect.
Cooperatively Planning Sheet Metal Bending (1996)

Abstract A cooperative planning system for bending sheet metal parts is presented by using a detailed example. In this example, two of subplanners (a robotic grasp planner and a tool selection planner) have conflicting results that prevent a timely solution. We show how these conflicts can be avoided by sharing constraints before the search process begins. In this discussion, we detail the decisions that are made by each of the subsystems. The resulting cooperative planner is able to solve difficult real-world planning problems, while reducing the time between design and production by 50 times from the current state of practice.
<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>‐insensitive flow suppression using quadruple inversion‐recovery (2002)

A new flow suppression method has been proposed for the acquisition of blood-suppressed (black-blood) images in combination with administration of a positive contrast agent. The technique employs the quadruple inversion-recovery (QIR) preparative pulse sequence, which consists of two double-inversion modules followed by two delays. Within each double inversion, a nonselective RF pulse is immediately followed by a slice-selective one. The time intervals of the sequence can be calculated using an algorithm based on minimization of the variation of a signal equation over an entire range of T(1) occurring in blood before and after contrast administration. QIR is highly insensitive to variations of T(1), providing efficient suppression of a flow signal with T(1) in a range of 200-1200 ms. The technique utilizes identical scan parameters for pre- and postcontrast acquisition, and thus allows reliable quantitative interpretation of contrast enhancement (CE). The clinical application of QIR was demonstrated in high-resolution, contrast-enhanced, black-blood imaging of atherosclerotic plzzaque.
Making More Efficient Use Of Battery-Plate Mass (1990)

Improved active material for positive plate of lead/acid electric storage battery made with additional porosity to give electrolyte access to larger plate-surface area. 65 to 68 percent of active mass of plate used to generate electric current. Batteries with new plate material offer extremely long cycle life.
Automatically Training a Problematic Dialogue Predictor for a Spoken Dialogue System (2002)

Spoken dialogue systems promise efficient and natural access to a large variety of information sources and services from any phone. However, current spoken dialogue systems are deficient in their strategies for preventing, identifying and repairing problems that arise in the conversation. This paper reports results on automatically training a Problematic Dialogue Predictor to predict problematic human-computer dialogues using a corpus of 4692 dialogues collected with the 'How May I Help You' (SM) spoken dialogue system. The Problematic Dialogue Predictor can be immediately applied to the system's decision of whether to transfer the call to a human customer care agent, or be used as a cue to the system's dialogue manager to modify its behavior to repair problems, and even perhaps, to prevent them. We show that a Problematic Dialogue Predictor using automatically-obtainable features from the first two exchanges in the dialogue can predict problematic dialogues 13.2% more accurately than the baseline.
Caveolin-1/PTRF upregulation constitutes a mechanism for mediating p53-induced cellular senescence: implications for evidence-based therapy of delayed wound healing in diabetes (2013)

A heightened state of oxidative stress and senescence of fibroblasts constitute potential therapeutic targets in nonhealing diabetic wounds. Here, we studied the underlying mechanism mediating diabetes-induced cellular senescence using in vitro cultured dermal fibroblasts and in vivo circular wounds. Our results demonstrated that the total antioxidant capacity and mRNA levels of thioredoxinreductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the ratio of NADPH/NADP were decreased markedly in fibroblasts from patients with type 2 diabetes (DFs). Consistent with this shift in favor of excessive reactive oxygen species, DFs also displayed a significant increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and phospho-γ-histone H2AX (pH2AX) level. Moreover, the ability of PDGF to promote cell proliferation/migration and regulate the phosphorylation-dependent activation of Akt and ERK1/2 appears to be attenuated as a function of diabetes. Mechanistically, we found that diabetes-induced oxidative stress upregulated caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and PTRF expression, which in turn sequestered Mdm2 away from p53. This process resulted in the activation of a p53/p21-dependent pathway and the induction of premature senescence in DFs. Most of the aforementioned oxidative stress and senescence-based features observed in DFs were recapitulated in a 10-day-old diabetic wound. Intriguingly, we confirmed that the targeted depletion of Cav-1 or PTRF using siRNA- or Vivo-Morpholino antisense-based gene therapy markedly inhibited diabetes/oxidative stress-induced premature senescence and also accelerated tissue repair in this disease state. Overall, our data illuminate Cav-1/PTRF-1 as a key player of a novel signaling pathway that may link a heightened state of oxidative stress to cellular senescence and impaired wound healing in diabetes.
Incomplete Success of Angioinhibitor Therapy in Cancer: Estimation of Contribution of Pro-angiogenic Activity of Patient Thyroid Hormone (2013)

Despite the obvious promise of the strategy, pharmaceutical angioinhibition has had variable success in clinical cancer management. Thyroid hormone is a potent pro-angiogenic factor. Endogenous circulating levels of proangiogenic thyroid hormone in cancer patients treated with anti-angiogenic drugs may contribute to host resistance to angioinhibition and explain, at least in part, the variable cancer chemotherapeutic responses obtained with anti-angiogenic agents. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay accepts human tumor xenografts and is a system in which individual patient blood samples can be tested in xenograft vasculature for anti-angiogenic content-including thyroid hormone-in the presence of angioinhibitory drug dose escalation. The assay may also be used to screen individual patient tumor biopsy xenografts for susceptibility to angioinhibition.
Local Binary Patterns for Digital Image Watermarking (2015)

In this paper we describe a novel digital image watermarking method using local binary patterns (LBP). Local binary patterns are known for their robust texture describing capabilities and digital watermarking used in proving the ownership of a multimedia content. In this work we propose a LBP synthesis or inverse LBP matching process and its applicability to digital image watermarking. LBP synthesis process changes the neighborhood pixels values, so that the LBP computed from these pixels is the value we want to synthesize. This process takes into account the requirements of a digital image watermarking such as imperceptibility and robustness to watermark removal attacks. Because of the nature of LBP synthesis it is required that only few pixels of a given block are modified to embed watermark. The simulation results show that the method is robust to JPEG compression, rotation and scaling attacks. This LBP synthesis process could also be used to watermark sensor data for proving the ownership. We are confident that this work would lead to a new research direction in authentication of digital content.
Revisiting virtual L1 caches: A practical design using dynamic synonym remapping (2016)

Virtual caches have potentially lower access latency and energy consumption than physical caches because they do not consult the TLB prior to cache access. However, they have not been popular in commercial designs. The crux of the problem is the possibility of synonyms. This paper makes several empirical observations about the temporal characteristics of synonyms, especially in caches of sizes that are typical of L1 caches. By leveraging these observations, the paper proposes a practical design of an L1 virtual cache that (1) dynamically decides a unique virtual page number for all the synonymous virtual pages that map to the same physical page and (2) uses this unique page number to place and look up data in the virtual caches. Accesses to this unique page number proceed without any intervention. Accesses to other synonymous pages are dynamically detected, and remapped to the corresponding unique virtual page number to correctly access data in the cache. Such remapping operations are rare, due to the temporal properties of synonyms, allowing a Virtual Cache with Dynamic Synonym Remapping (VC-DSR) to achieve most of the benefits of virtual caches but without software involvement. Experimental results based on real world applications show that VC-DSR can achieve about 92% of the dynamic energy savings for TLB lookups, and 99.4% of the latency benefits of ideal (but impractical) virtual caches for the configurations considered.
Development and optimization of microcantilever based IR imaging arrays (2008)

Multispectral Imaging has recently made considerable improvements to the sensitivity, uniformity and dynamic range of infrared FPAs based on capacitively read, bimorph microcantilever sensor technology. The company is presently prototyping 160x120 imaging arrays with 50 μm pitch pixels and is actively pursuing the development of next generation 25 μm pitch pixel arrays. Measured peak NETD values for recently fabricated 50μm pitch focal plane arrays are in the 40-50mK range, with individual pixels in the 10-15mK range. The modeled and measured tradeoffs discussed in this paper lead to a possible 2-3 times further improvement in average NETD. A number of factors influence the performance of these devices which includes the optimization of sometimes competing design requirements. For example, the tuning and optimization of the infrared optical resonant cavity structure while maximizing the change in sensor capacitance during IR irradiance. Similarly there are tradeoffs between structural rigidity, which increases the structure resonant frequency improving noise immunity, and thermal response times. These tradeoffs are discussed with reference to real world sensor structures. Results from detailed thermo-electromechanical-optical modeling of the operation of the 25 μm pitch pixels will be discussed in reference to the design and fabrication of 25 μm pitch test pixels. The most recent infrared sensitivity and other performance measurements from the development of the company's first commercial 160 x 120 pixel imaging array product will also be presented.