gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CONS should not CONS its arguments, or, a lazy alloc is a smart alloc (1992)

Lazy allocation is a model for allocating objects on the execution stack of a high-level language which does not create dangling references. Our model provides safe transportation into the heap for objects that may survive the deallocation of the surrounding stack frame. Space for objects that do not survive the deallocation of the surrounding stack frame is reclaimed without additional effort when the stack is popped. Lazy allocation thus performs a first-level garbage collection, and if the language supports garbage collection of the heap, then our model can reduce the amortized cost of allocation in such a heap by filtering out the short-lived objects that can be more efficiently managed in LIFO order. A run-time mechanism called result expectation further filters out unneeded results from functions called only for their effects. In a shared-memory multi-processor environment, this filtering reduces contention for the allocation and management of global memory.Our model performs simple local operations, and is therefore suitable for an interpreter or a hardware implementation. Its overheads for functional data are associated only with assignments , making lazy allocation attractive for mostly functional programming styles. Many existing stack allocation optimizations can be seen as instances of this generic model, in which some portion of these local operations have been optimized away through static analysis techniques.Important applications of our model include the efficient allocation of temporary data structures that are passed as arguments to anonymous procedures which may or may not use these data structures in a stack-like fashion. The most important of these objects are functional arguments ( funargs ), which require some run-time allocation to preserve the local environment. Since a funarg is sometimes returned as a first-class value, its lifetime can survive the stack frame in which it was created. Arguments which are evaluated in a lazy fashion (Scheme delays or "suspensions") are similarly handled. Variable-length argument "lists" themselves can be allocated in this fashion, allowing these objects to become "first-class". Finally, lazy allocation correctly handles the allocation of a Scheme control stack, allowing Scheme continuations to become first-class values.
Programmable orchestration of time-synchronized events across decentralized Android ensembles (2015)

Orchestrating a time sensitive computation across an ad hoc ensemble of Android devices is surprisingly challenging in spite of the OS's support for automated network time synchronization. In fact, the lack of access to programmatic nor end-user control pushes the responsibility of implementing fine-grained time synchronization to the application development level. In this paper, we extend CoMingle, a distributed logic programming framework designed for orchestrating Android ensembles, with explicit time annotations and built-in network time synchronization support. The result is a powerful programmable orchestration framework for developing apps that exhibits time-synchronized events across an ensemble of Android devices.
Ultrasonically enabled neural probes with co-located electrical and mechanical transduction (2012)

We present a neural probe with the capability to measure and alter the mechanical environment of the probe. The ultrasonic neural probe can be actuated ultrasonically during insertion, greatly reducing the insertion force and reducing the average stress around the probe. Furthermore, the probe can measure viscoelastic properties of the probe-tissue interface via measuring the ultrasonic response of the probe. The probe can also measure micromotion, casued by physical motion such as breathing. The data can be useful for characterizing and improving neural probe and tissue-electrical interface reliability. We have demonstrated that with ultrasonic actuated insertion, we significantly reduced both the force of the electrode insertion and microglia activation, indicating an increase in neural microelectrode performance. In addition, a miniature recording system was developed that allows electrode potentials record chronically in mice.
Human Activity Classification Based on Micro-Doppler Signatures Using a Support Vector Machine (2009)

The feasibility of classifying different human activities based on micro-Doppler signatures is investigated. Measured data of 12 human subjects performing seven different activities are collected using a Doppler radar. The seven activities include running, walking, walking while holding a stick, crawling, boxing while moving forward, boxing while standing in place, and sitting still. Six features are extracted from the Doppler spectrogram. A support vector machine (SVM) is then trained using the measurement features to classify the activities. A multiclass classification is implemented using a decision-tree structure. Optimal parameters for the SVM are found through a fourfold cross-validation. The resulting classification accuracy is found to be more than 90%. The potentials of classifying human activities over extended time duration, through wall, and at oblique angles with respect to the radar are also investigated and discussed.
Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables prevent the inhibitory effect of osteoarthritic subchondral osteoblasts on aggrecan and type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes. (2006)

ASU prevent the osteoarthritic osteoblast-induced inhibition of matrix molecule production, suggesting that this compound may promote OA cartilage repair by acting on subchondral bone osteoblasts. This finding constitutes a new mechanism of action for this compound, known for its beneficial effects on cartilage.
Nonlinear effects in femtosecond pulse amplification using chirped fiber gratings (2005)

The objective of this paper is to investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the limits on maximum pulse energy from a fiber-grating-based all-fiber system and to reveal methods for improving and optimizing its overall performance. We have found that for fiber gratings manufactured in a standard single-mode fiber the pulse energy limit is of the order of 20-50 nJ, which is on the same level as from currently available bulk, large-frame femtosecond lasers. This demonstrates the potential of this compact all-fiber design for generating high-power ultrashort pulses.
Sampling and characterization of aerosols formed in the atmospheric hydrolysis of UF/sub 6/ (1983)

When gaseous UF/sub 6/ is released into the atmosphere, it rapidly reacts with ambient moisture to form an aerosol of uranyl fluoride and HF. As part of our Safety Analysis program, we have performed several experimental releases of UF/sub 6/ (from natural uranium) in contained volumes in order to investigate techniques for sampling and characterizing the aerosol materials. The aggregrate particle morphology and size distribution have been found to be dependent upon several conditions, including the relative humidity at the time of the release and the elapse time after the release. Aerosol composition and settling rate have been investigated using isokinetic samplers for the separate collection of UO/sub 2/F/sub 2/ and HF, and via laser spectroscopic remote sensing (Mie scatter and infrared spectroscopy). 8 references.
Cellulose fibers obtained by organosolv process from date palm rachis (Phoenix dactylifera L.) (2012)

In this preliminary study, the chemical composition of Tunisian DPR was established and discussed. The main characteristic of this agri-residue was its high lignin content in comparison with that of alfa plant. CIMV process was used to selectively separate cellulose fibres, hemicelluloses and lignin at atmospheric pressure. The obtained unbleached pulp was analysed in accordance with Kappa index and degree of polymerisation and then bleached by treating successively with peroxyacids and hydrogen peroxide in basic media.
Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids and their Application in the Dissolution of Cellulose (2019)

In this work, several kinds of quaternary ammonium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (QA RTILs) are synthesized by alkylation and ion-exchange reactions for the rapid dissolution of cellulose. The applications of cellulose materials have been limited due to their poor solubility in conventional organic solvents, because of a high degree of structural regularity and a large number of hydrogen bonds. The prepared ionic liquids were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that N,N,N-triethylhexan-1-aminium acetate (N6222OAc), tetrahexylammonium acetate (N6666OAc), and N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexaethyldecane-1,10-diaminium acetate (C10(N222OAc)2) exhibited good cellulose-dissolution without any pretreatment. The regenerated cellulose films with a low degree of crystallization of the cellulose II phase were also prepared easily in this process using N6222OAc due to its polar and small cation. These QA RTILs can be used as non-derivatizing solvents for cellulose and can also be easily recycled because of their thermostable and nonvolatile properties.
Policy-based routing and load balancing for EVPN-based data center interconnections (2017)

The Ethernet VPN (EVPN) technology has emerged as a key solution for the interconnection of geo-distributed Data Centers (DCs) over provider-managed MPLS networks. Such interconnections need to satisfy service-level agreements, which can be achieved by enforcing Traffic Engineering (TE) policies. However, deploying an effective TE policy is challenging and complex. This stems from the fact that network administrators should have a detailed insight into the network status and protocol specifics. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) may facilitate both the policy definition and deployment based on its comprehensive network view and existing integration with DC management systems, such as OpenStack. This paper presents an SDN-based framework for policy-driven DC interconnections that are built around EVPN. The framework is designed to translate routing and other TE policies, which are defined for EVPN instances, into appropriate low-level network actions to meet the policy goals. A generic programming interface allows an SDN controller to load different TE strategies so as to implement the policy, without the need to hard-code it. Moreover, our evaluations illustrate how clients might benefit from specific TE strategies and what is their impact on network performance.
B‐HT 958 lowers blood pressure and heart rate in the rat through stimulation of dopamine receptors (1986)

To investigate whether the hypotensive and bradycardiac effects of B-HT 958 (2-amino-6-(p-chlorobenzyl)-4H-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothiazolo-(5,4-d) azepine) are due to the stimulation of peripheral prejunctional alpha2-adrenoceptors, the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan was given either intravenously (i.v.) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to anaesthetized rats before the administration of i.v. B-HT 958. Plasma noradrenaline was used as an approximate index of peripheral sympathetic nervous activity. B-HT 958 350 micrograms kg-1 i.v. caused significant falls in blood pressure and heart rate which were maximal 5 min after dosing (-29.25 +/- 3.2 mmHg and - 52 +/- 6.8 beats min-1 respectively, mean of all control animals). The hypotension and bradycardia were accompanied by significant falls in plasma noradrenaline concentration of 30-40%. Idazoxan 300 micrograms kg-1 i.v. caused a marked, but transient tachycardia and a large sustained rise in plasma noradrenaline concentration. Idazoxan 300 micrograms kg-1 and 1000 micrograms kg-1 i.v. did not prevent B-HT 958-induced falls in mean arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline concentration. Responses to B-HT 958 were unaffected by idazoxan 20 micrograms i.c.v. B-HT 958-induced falls in mean arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma noradrenaline concentration were significantly attenuated by i.v. administration of the dopamine receptor antagonist, sulpiride 300 micrograms kg-1. Sulpiride 10 micrograms and 50 micrograms i.c.v. caused inhibition of B-HT 958 hypotension and bradycardia similar to that of intravenous sulpiride. After i.c.v. sulpiride, B-HT 958 did not cause a significant fall in plasma noradrenaline concentration. A combination of idazoxan 1000 micrograms kg-1 i.v. and sulpiride 300 micrograms kg-1 i.v. did not cause further significant inhibition of B-HT 958 hypotension and bradycardia compared with sulpiride 300 micrograms kg-1 i.v. alone. This combination however had a significantly greater effect in inhibiting B-HT 958 hypotension than had idazoxan 1000 micrograms kg-1 alone, and almost completely blocked the B-HT 958-induced fall in plasma noradrenaline concentration. These results suggest that in the anaesthetized rat the cardiovascular effects of B-HT 958 are due to stimulation of dopamine receptors, probably located within the central nervous system, and not to stimulation of peripheral prejunctional alpha2-adrenoceptors.
An experimental investigation of the intrinsic convection in a sedimenting suspension (1998)

The sedimentation of spheres in a Newtonian fluid is experimentally studied under creeping flow conditions. The mean particle settling velocity and the particle velocity fluctuations are measured across the width of the sedimentation cell. We show that there can be a global intrinsic convection of the suspension superimposed on the settling motion of the particles. Unlike the predictions of the dilute theories of intrinsic convection, this effect is found to be small and even to disappear with increasing concentrations. We also find that there is an ordering of the suspension near the wall, which may be responsible for the observed small magnitude of the convection.
Forebrain norepinephrine: role in controlled information processing in the rat. (1992)

A series of experiments examined the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced depletion of forebrain norepinephrine (NE) on the performance of a visual detection (spatial localization) task. The behavioral paradigm used was an analogue of Leonard's 5-choice serial reaction time task for humans. The 6-OHDA lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNAB) produced a 98% depletion of the NE content in the neocortex, and a much smaller depletion (32%) of the NE content in the hypothalamus. As reported previously, performance of visual discrimination was unaffected by DNAB lesions, even when the discrimination was made more difficult by decreasing the intensity of the visual stimuli. However, the lesion produced a significant decrease in accuracy and a significant increase in omissions when a burst of loud white noise was presented just prior to the onset of the visual discriminanda. Similarly, a significant decrease in discriminative accuracy was produced in the rats with forebrain NE depletion by systemic administration of the psychomotor stimulant, d-amphetamine (0.2 to 0.8 mg/kg). In both of these experiments, the lesion-induced discrimination impairment was not magnified by reducing the brightness of the visual discriminanda, suggesting that the behavioral impairment was not caused by a decreased ability to detect the visual stimuli. In addition, the lesion impaired discriminative accuracy when the visual discriminanda were presented at an unpredictable rate. The implications of these behavioral impairments produced by forebrain NE depletion for theories of catecholamine involvement in attentional processes and arousal are discussed in terms of a possible role for the DNAB in controlled or "effortful" processing.
CLONING OF A YEAST GENE WHICH CAUSES PHENOLIC OFF-FLAVOURS IN BEER (1991)

A gene (POF1) has been cloned, which confers upon yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) the ability to decarboxylate phenolic acids such as ferulic and trans-cinnamic acid. This property was previously shown to be a cause of phenolic off-flavour production in wort fermentations. The identity of the cloned gene was confirmed as POF1 by gene disruption techniques. Southern blotting of total genomic DNA revealed that sequences homologous to POF1 are conserved in Pof− brewing strains of Sacch. cerevisiae. The transformation of a Pof− lager strain with the cloned POF1 gene led to the production of an aroma characteristic of a phenolic off-flavour, when the transformed strain was used in wort fermentations. This latter observation suggests that the Pof− phenotype of brewers' yeast is specifically due to the absence of a functional POF1 gene.
Interaction of enzymes with surfactants in aqueous solution and in water-in-oil microemulsions (1988)

Kinetic studies have been carried out on hydrolysis reactions catalysed by a variety of lipases and α-chymotrypsin in aqueous solution in the presence of surfactants in order to provide information on the role of the surfactant in similar processes in microemulsions. The main conclusions concerning the influence of surfactants on the activity of lipase and α-chymotrypsin are as follows. For ex-Candida and Chromobacterium viscosum lipase, the kinetic behaviour of the enzyme in the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylbutyrate in the presence of surfactants was dependent on the source of lipase. Most experiments were carried out with an unfractionated sample of C. viscosum-lipase. Both competitive and non-competitive inhibition was detected, the former with sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the latter with aerosol-OT (AOT). In all cases inhibition was reversible. In addition, lipases are resistant to slow denaturation by surfactants over periods of several hours. For lipases, there is apparently no correlation between the behaviour of the enzyme in aqueous solutions of surfactant and the behaviour in water-in-oil microemulsions stabilised by AOT and CTAB.In contrast, for the hydrolysis of N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide (GPNA) by α-chymotrypsin in aqueous solution and in microemulsions, we find both inhibiting and denaturing interactions. AOT is a competitive inhibitor for α-chymotrypsin in aqueous solution but enzyme stability is unaffected. The same behaviour is observed in AOT-stabilised microemulsions. The turnover number (kcat) is essentially unchanged in aqueous solution and microemulsions, but the Michaelis constant (KM), expressed as an aqueous concentration, is increased in AOT microemulsions by a factor of ca. 100 for the hydrolysis of GPNA. For C12E6 and SDS we find both inhibition and denaturation interactions with α-chymotrypsin in water. The stability of α-chymotrypsin is decreased in the presence of SDS and C12E6 in water and in microemulsions as compared with systems containing AOT. CTAB does not inhibit α-chymotrypsin (in terms of an increased KM), but CTAB is an effective denaturing agent for α-chymotrypsin. However, the denaturation reaction does not occur in the presence of substrate.The various surfactants form stable inclusion complexes with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD). Hence α-CD is an effective scavenger for the surfactant in solution. On addition of α-CD, the enzyme activity can be restored to that found in the absence of surfactant.
Identification of swine and primate cellular adhesion molecules (CAM) using mouse anti‐human monoclonal antibodies (1995)

Abstract: A series of adhesion molecules of swine and Cynomolgus monkeys were identified by screening for cross‐reactivity with a panel of monoclonal murine anti‐human adhesion molecule antibodies obtained from the 5th International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (Boston, MA, USA, 1993). Of 162 antibodies tested, 25 were found that cross‐react significantly with swine cells, while 67 were found to react strongly with cells of Cynomolgus monkeys. Cross reactivities to swine were found with antibodies to CD 18 (β2 integrin), CD29 (β1 integrin), β7 integrin, CD49d (α4 integrin) CD49b(α2 integrin), and to a lesser extent to CD62p(P‐selectin), CD62L(L‐selectin), CD102(ICAM‐2), CD11b, and CD49c (α3 integrin). Cross‐reactivities to primate cells also included CD18, CD29, CD49d, and CD49b. In addition, reactivities to Cynomolgus monkey cells were detected with antibodies to CD11 (a, b, and c), CD31, CD44, CD49e, CD49f, CD50, CD54, CD56, CD62p, CD 102 and CD56. The tissue distribution and molecular weight of the swine antigens are similar to their human counterparts. These findings provide a spectrum of monoclonal antibodies that react with shared epitopes on homologous adhesion molecules of human, swine, and monkey cells, thus facilitating study of the role of these molecules in the immunobiology of monkeys and swine. These reagents may be useful to dissect the role of adhesion molecules in both alio‐ and xenoreactivity.
Convergence properties of optimal adaptive carrier phase jitter predictors for sinusoidal jitter (1995)

Carrier recovery systems in high performance digital modem receivers must remove carrier phase jitter as well as track carrier phase and frequency offsets. A popular approach to removing periodic phase jitter is to use an adaptive LMS FIR linear predictor with baud spaced taps to predict the jitter angle one baud in the future. Experimentally, the convergence rates for such predictors were found to depend heavily on the jitter frequency. It is well known in adaptive filter theory that the predictor convergence rate depends on the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix of the input signal. By allowing jitter predictors with a given number of taps to have tap spacings greater than one baud and by deriving a general formula for the eigenvalues of the appropriate correlation matrix, it is shown how to design predictors exhibiting optimal convergence rates over a range of commonly observed jitter frequencies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An improved sine-wave fitting procedure for characterizing data acquisition channels (1996)

This paper presents a new sine-wave fitting procedure for characterizing data acquisition channels and analog-to-digital converters. It overcomes most of the problems encountered with the classical three- or four-parameter sine-wave fitting procedure described in IEEE Standard 1057. The stochastic properties of the new procedure are thoroughly analyzed. Its performance is illustrated by simulations and measurements with a high-frequency sampling scope.