gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitrust Issues in Payment Card Networks: Can They Do That? Should We Let Them? (2003)

n the United States, payment card networks coordinate the activities of thousands of financial institutions that issue cards, millions of retail locations that accept them, and several hundred million consumers that use them. This coordination may include the collective setting of certain prices and other controversial network rules. Such practices have recently come under the scrutiny of antitrust authorities in the U.S. and abroad. In this article, Bob Hunt describes the economics of the payment card industry and explains how it differs from the textbook model of competitive markets. He argues that these differences should be reflected in the antitrust analysis of payment card networks. In the United States, generalpurpose payment cards — Visa or MasterCard, ATM cards, or debit cards — are ubiquitous and easy to use. In 2000, there were about 900 million general-purpose payment cards in the U.S., or about four for every adult. These cards were used in 28 billion transactions worth $1.9 trillion. Indeed, payment cards are displacing the paper
Impaired Elastic Properties of the Ascending Aorta in Newborns Before and Early After Successful Coarctation Repair (2005)

Elastic properties of the prestenotic aorta of patients with coarctation seem to be impaired primarily, even in neonates, and remain unchanged early after successful operation. Surgical correction does not resolve inborn pathology of the prestenotic aortic vascular bed.
Antimalarial activity in vitro of Cochlospermum tinctorium tubercle extracts (1995)

Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to current antimalarial compounds has drastically increased during the last few years and is now a major public health problem. We have studied plants traditionally used in Africa against malaria. Extracts of the tubercles of Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich, commonly used in Burkina Faso, were tested in vitro on 2 strains of P. falciparum, one (FcB1-Colombia) chloroquine resistant and the other (F32-Tanzania) chloroquine sensitive. Extracts were obtained by infusion and decoction. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined by measuring [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation and also by microscopical examination which permitted the determination of parasite stages. We obtained similar results with fresh extracts, frozen extracts, and lyophilized extracts of C. tinctorum. IC50 values were of the order of 1-2 micrograms/mL, about one-tenth of those reported for extracts of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) and about half the values reported for Artemisia annua extracts.
<title>Automated identification and classification of land vehicles in 3D LADAR data</title> (2004)

3D sensors provide unique opportunities for performing automatic target recognition (ATR). We describe an automated system that exploits 3D target geometry to perform rapid and robust ATR in the domain of military and civilian ground vehicles. The system identifies specific vehicles by comparing 3D LADAR data to model based LADAR predictions from highly-detailed CAD models with articulating parts. In addition to performing identification, the system solves for whole vehicle six-degree-of-freedom pose as well as detailed target articulation state. Because of its specificity, the identification system performs high probability of correct identification across a library of ~100 target models and exhibits robustness to occlusion, clutter and sensor noise. This identification capability is currently being extended for the purpose of classifying generic vehicle types (tanks, trucks, air defense units, etc.). The goal of the extended system is to perform vehicle classification before performing vehicle identification. This methodology provides a more flexible model-based ATR capability because it obviates the need for modeling all possible target types in advance. Classification enables the recognition of novel targets which have not been modeled or previously observed by the system. We classify targets based on general 3D morphology and characteristic 3D relationships between observed parts and features. This approach exploits the distinctive anatomy of different functional target types to achieve a more flexible and extensible target recognition capability.
A novel biodegradable poly(urethane ester) synthesized from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) segments (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleA novel biodegradable poly(urethane ester) synthesized from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) segmentsYoji Hori, Motoki Suzuki, Yoshiki Okeda, Takashi Imai, Minzo Sakaguchi, Yoko Takahashi, Akio Yamaguchi, and Susumu AkutagawaCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 19, 5117–5118Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00045a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00045a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
End winding cooling in electric machines (2006)

The fluid flow field and temperature distribution within the end region of a Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) induction motor have been investigated both experimentally and using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques, in order to improve the thermal performance. The flow field and the distribution of heat transfer coefficients over the end windings and internal surfaces (mainly frame and end shield) are characterised for a typical end region configuration. This is then used as a base case in order to investigate the impact configuration changes have on the fluid flow field and heat transfer characteristics in the end region of TEFC induction motors. Common parameters governing the flow field inside the end region are varied, allowing recommendations for improved design and further research recommendations to be made. CFD techniques are successfully applied to model the end region, including the copper where the heat generated is a function of temperature. Through these numerical techniques a good understanding of the flow field was made possible which enabled the author to propose and test configuration changes which improve the heat transfer characteristics in the region. These changes were validated experimentally.
Cutting Edge: Pivotal Function of Ubc13 in Thymocyte TCR Signaling (2006)

The Ubc13 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme is essential for BCR-, TLR-, and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-mediated immune responses. Although Ubc13-deficient mice show defects in BCR-, TLR/IL-1R-, or CD40-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, the function of Ubc13 in TCR-mediated signaling and responses remains uncertain. To address this, we here generated T cell-specific conditional Ubc13-deficient mice. The frequency of T lymphocytes was severely reduced in spleens from Ubc13-deficient mice. Moreover, Ubc13-deficient thymocytes displayed defective proliferation in response to anti-CD3/CD28 or PMA/ionophore stimulation. Regarding the signal transduction, although NF-kappaB activation was modestly affected, PMA/ionophore-induced activation of Jnk and p38 was profoundly impaired in Ubc13-deficient thymocytes. In addition, PMA/ionophore-mediated ubiquitination of NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO)/IkappaB kinase gamma (IKKgamma) and phosphorylation of TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) were nearly abolished in Ubc13-deficient thymocytes. Thus, Ubc13 plays an important role in thymocyte TCR-mediated signaling and immune responses.
Skyrmion-Induced Memristive Magnetic Tunnel Junction for Ternary Neural Network (2019)

Novel skyrmion-magnetic tunnel junction (SK-MTJ) devices were investigated for the first time to implement the ternary neural networks (TNN). In the SK-MTJ, an extra magnetoresistance state beyond binary parallel and anti-parallel MTJ states was achieved by forming a skyrmion vortex structure in the free layer. Based on the SK-MTJ, we propose a synaptic architecture with bit-cell design of +1, 0, and -1 to replace the full precision floating point arithmetic with equivalent bit-wise multiplication operation. To explore the feasibility of the SK-MTJ-based synaptic devices for TNN application, circuitlevel simulations for image recognition task were conducted. The recognition rate can reach up to 99% with 5% device variation and an average power consumption of 29.23 μW.
An Extract of Chinpi, the Dried Peel of the Citrus Fruit Unshiu, Enhances Axonal Remyelination via Promoting the Proliferation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (2016)

The aging-induced decrease in axonal myelination/remyelination is due to impaired recruitment and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Our previous studies have shown that a monoclonal antibody to DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 54 (Ddx54), a member of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases, (1) specifically labels oligodendrocyte lineages, (2) binds to mRNA and protein isoforms of myelin basic proteins (MBP), and (3) regulates migration of OPCs from ventricular zone to corpus callosum in mice. It has also been demonstrated that specific loss of a 21.5 kDa MBP isoform (MBP21.5) reflects demyelination status, and oral administration of an extract of Chinpi, citrus unshiu peel, reversed the aging-induced demyelination. Here, we report that Chinpi treatment induced a specific increase in the MBP21.5, led to the reappearance of Ddx54-expressing cells in ventricular-subventricular zone and corpus callosum of aged mice, and promoted remyelination. Treatment of in vitro OPC cultures with Chinpi constituents, hesperidin plus narirutin, led to an increase in 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation in Ddx54-expressing OPCs, but not in NG2- or Olig2-expressing cell populations. The present study suggests that Ddx54 plays crucial role in remyelination. Furthermore, Chinpi and Chinpi-containing herbal medicines may be a therapeutic option for the aging-induced demyelination diseases.
Resolving range ambiguities in high-repetition rate airborne light detection and ranging applications (2012)

Correctly determining a measurement range in light detection and ranging instruments, based on time-of-flight measurements on laser pulses, requires the association of each received echo pulse with its causative emitted laser pulse. Without further precautions, this definite association is only possible under specific conditions constraining the usability of range finders and laser scanners with very high measurement rates. We give an introduction to known techniques for avoiding and resolving range ambiguities. The specific disadvantages of these methods led to the development of a technique based on pulse-position modulation (PPM) of the laser pulse train using a pseudorandom noise signal and the subsequent analysis of the impact of the PPM on groups of consecutive range measurements. The error probability of our approach has been evaluated by simulations based on real scan data. The use of a discrete uniform distribution of amplitudes as a modulation signal shows high detection robustness even for difficult terrain like forest areas. The encouraging results of the simulations led to the practical implementation of PPM to our laser scanners and the development of the associated software RiMTA, which resolves range ambiguities without the necessity of a priori information on the target situation and without any user interaction required.
Community-Based Question Answering via Asymmetric Multi-Faceted Ranking Network Learning (2017)

Nowadays the community-based question answering (CQA) sites become the popular Internet-based web service, which have accumulated millions of questions and their posted answers over time. Thus, question answering becomes an essential problem in CQA sites, which ranks the high-quality answers to the given question. Currently, most of the existing works study the problem of question answering based on the deep semantic matching model to rank the answers based on their semantic relevance, while ignoring the authority of answerers to the given question. In this paper, we consider the problem of community-based question answering from the viewpoint of asymmetric multi-faceted ranking network embedding. We propose a novel asymmetric multi-faceted ranking network learning framework for community-based question answering by jointly exploiting the deep semantic relevance between question-answer pairs and the answerers' authority to the given question. We then develop an asymmetric ranking network learning method with deep recurrent neural networks by integrating both answers' relative quality rank to the given question and the answerers' following relations in CQA sites. The extensive experiments on a large-scale dataset from a real world CQA site show that our method achieves better performance than other state-of-the-art solutions to the problem.
Emulsion polymerization of isoprene. Estimation of the branching exponent with the help of a mathematical model (2009)

Abstract This work investigates a batch and unseeded emulsion polymerization of isoprene at 10°C with n ‐dodecylmercaptan as chain transfer agent (CTA). The obtained polyisoprene (PI) was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with on‐line viscometry. A global polymerization model was adjusted to the measurements of conversion, average particle size, and average molecular weights. The CTA concentration strongly affects the average molecular weights but has a negligible effect on conversion, average particle diameter, and average branching. Due to the combined effects of chain transfers to the polymer and to the CTA, the final molar mass distributions exhibited dispersity indexes higher than 10. The polymerization model predictions on the average degree of branching was combined with an ideal SEC model for adjusting the branching exponent of PI in tetrahydrofuran at 25°C that resulted ε = 2.5. A sensitivity analysis showed that +20% errors in $\overline{M}$ w induced variations in ε lower than −10%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Measuring the resonant absorption coefficient of rare-earth-doped optical fibers (2018)

A method for measuring the resonant absorption coefficient of rare-earth-doped optical fibers is introduced. It can be applied to a broad range of fiber designs and host materials. The method compares the side-collected spontaneous emission at two arbitrary locations along the fiber as a function of the pump wavelength to extract the absorption coefficient. It provides an attractive and accurate alternative to other available techniques. In particular, the proposed method is superior to the cut-back method, which destroys the sample and is prone to inaccuracies due to the cladding mode contamination. Moreover, it does not involve any mechanical movement, so it can be used for fragile optical fibers.
Spectrum sharing feasibility for CDMA PCS (2002)

To investigate the application of spread spectrum Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology. To the future personal communications services (PCS), a comprehensive study of CDMA PCS in the 1.8 GHz band in various radio environments has been conducted by Telesis Technologies Laboratory (TTL) in cooperation with Qualcomm Inc. in San Diego. We present the results of TTL's study on spectrum sharing feasibility for CDMA PCS. The study demonstrated that in rural and suburban areas, where microwave beams are generally well confined and easy to be predicted, it is possible to significantly reduce the PCS forward link interference to OFS by carefully facilitating coordination between microwave terminals and PCS base stations. The CDMA spectrum sharing capabilities can be substantially improved by taking advantage of rigorous power control for the CDMA systems. In the case of the mobile stations inside the microwave beam, the unique feature of soft hand-off for CDMA systems shows significance in reducing interference to the fixed microwave.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An RNA-seq quantification method for analysis of transcriptional aberrations (2019)

Abstract Transcriptome level analysis has been shown to have the great potential for clinical utility. Here, we introduce omega, a between-sample RNA-seq quantification to estimate the abundance level of functional mRNAs which is suitable for analysis of transcriptional aberrations and molecular diagnostics of a range of genetic diseases. By using five diagnosed cases of Mendelian diseases as a case study, we show evidence that omega can improve the signal to detect genes with deleterious transcriptional aberrations and drastically reduce the disease-gene search space.
Dynamic warp formation (2009)

Recent advances in graphics processing units (GPUs) have resulted in massively parallel hardware that is easily programmable and widely available in today's desktop and notebook computer systems. GPUs typically use single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) pipelines to achieve high performance with minimal overhead for control hardware. Scalar threads running the same computing kernel are grouped together into SIMD batches, sometimes referred to as warps. While SIMD is ideally suited for simple programs, recent GPUs include control flow instructions in the GPU instruction set architecture and programs using these instructions may experience reduced performance due to the way branch execution is supported in hardware. One solution is to add a stack to allow different SIMD processing elements to execute distinct program paths after a branch instruction. The occurrence of diverging branch outcomes for different processing elements significantly degrades performance using this approach. In this article, we propose dynamic warp formation and scheduling, a mechanism for more efficient SIMD branch execution on GPUs. It dynamically regroups threads into new warps on the fly following the occurrence of diverging branch outcomes. We show that a realistic hardware implementation of this mechanism improves performance by 13%, on average, with 256 threads per core, 24% with 512 threads, and 47% with 768 threads for an estimated area increase of 8%.
Virtual reality testbed for mobile robots (2003)

This paper presents a distributed, multi-user virtual reality testbed for a mobile robot. The main components of the testbed include user interface, networking, simulation and robot control. The user interface is implemented as a combination of a virtual environment and a standard graphical user interface (GUI). The virtual environment is developed using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and it corresponds to the laboratory environment where the robot is placed and tested. The standard GUI is implemented using Java Programming language. The World Wide Web (WWW) browser is used to integrate the virtual environment (embedded VRML) and the standard GUI (Java applet) in a single user interface. Users can access a dedicated WWW server and download the user interface. Networking component (communication among users and robots) is implemented using the Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocol. The existing robot development system has been utilized to provide simulation capabilities. A separate stand-alone Java application has been developed to communicate and control the robot using a wireless Ethernet link. In addition to user's direct control, control algorithms (e.g. fuzzy logic based) can be used to replace the user. A Nomad200 mobile robot has been used for initial measurements and evaluations of the testbed.
Synthesis and crystal structure of the first organically templated layered indium phosphate [C5H5NH]+[In(HPO4)(H2PO4)2]? (1996)

A new templated indium phosphate, prepared as single crystals from a non-aqueous pyridine–butan-2-ol medium, has a unique two-dimensional structure consisting of [In(HPO4)(H2PO4)2]– layers held together by hydrogen bonding to generate cavities in which pyridinium cations reside.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Contrast Mechanisms and Clinical Applications (2015)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a recently developed MRI technique for quantifying the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility within biological tissues. It first uses the frequency shift in the MRI signal to map the magnetic field profile within the tissue. The resulting field map is then used to determine the spatial distribution of the underlying magnetic susceptibility by solving an inverse problem. The solution is achieved by deconvolving the field map with a dipole field, under the assumption that the magnetic field is a result of the superposition of the dipole fields generated by all voxels and that each voxel has its unique magnetic susceptibility. QSM provides improved contrast to noise ratio for certain tissues and structures compared to its magnitude counterpart. More importantly, magnetic susceptibility is a direct reflection of the molecular composition and cellular architecture of the tissue. Consequently, by quantifying magnetic susceptibility, QSM is becoming a quantitative imaging approach for characterizing normal and pathological tissue properties. This article reviews the mechanism generating susceptibility contrast within tissues and some associated applications.
Presentación. XL Aniversario de la Constitución Española (2018)

El numero monografico de la Revista icade que ahora ve la luz tiene como finalidad homenajear a la Constitucion espanola de 1978, en el ano en el que se cumplen los 40 anos de su elaboracion y aprobacion. Con este numero la Universidad Pontificia Comillas y, en concreto, su Facultad de Derecho se suma a los actos que durante este ano se estan realizando y se van a seguir celebrando en muy distintos ambitos, para homenajear un texto constitucional que ha propiciado un largo periodo de estabilidad politica, favorecido el desarrollo de los derechos y libertades, y que ha supuesto un amplio reconocimiento internacional por parte de paises comprometidos en los valores democraticos.
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea in pregnant Batswana women: time to discard the syndromic approach? (2007)

Although in extensive use, the syndromic approach is unsuitable for diagnosing cervical infections in antenatal care attendees in Botswana. None of the evaluated risk scores can replace this management. Without diagnostic tests, there are no adequate management strategies for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae in pregnant women in Botswana, a situation which is likely to apply to other countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Screening for cervical infections in pregnant women is an essential public health measure, and rapid tests will hopefully be available in developing countries within a few years.