gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lasers in neurosurgery (1992)

What is a laser?, J.M.Colles lasers and the nervous system, J.Boggan the safety of lasers, J.Parsons carbon dioxide laser, R.V.Jefferys the ND-YAG laser, P.W.Ascher Argon laser, Stephen K.Powers the use of contact laser in neurosurgery - clinical and experimental data, V.A.Fasanio and R.M.Ponzio tuncable lasers and photodynamic therapy, D.R.Sandeman techniques in laser neurosurgery, L.Cerrulo laser surgery of meningiomas, T.Takizawa pituitary adenomas, R.V.Jeffreys gliomas - direct surgery, D.R.Sandeman stereotactic and CT-assisted surgery, P.J.Kelly the use of the laser in vascular surgery of the brain, V.A.Fasano lesions of skull base, L.Cerrulo spinal cord tumours of childhood, F.Epstein lesions for relief of pain, S.K.Powers recanalization of arteries, P.W.Ascher and J.Lammer laser endoscopy, P.W.Ascher the present and conclusions, R.V.Jeffreys.
Reduced Expression of Laminin α3 and α5 Chains in Non‐small Cell Lung Cancers (2001)

The basement membrane is considered to act as a barrier which hinders cancer cells from invading the surrounding stroma. In order to assess changes in essential components during neoplasia in the lung, we immunohistochemically studied distribution patterns of laminins alpha 3 and alpha 5 in 40 adenocarcinomas and 8 squamous cell carcinomas. The a 5 chain was generally preserved at the periphery, frequently disrupted in foci with alveolar collapse and absent in foci of fibroblastic proliferation within adenocarcinomas. Fragmentation and absence of laminin alpha 3 chain were more prominent than for alpha 5 chain. Laminin alpha 3 chain was partially fragmented or absent in peripheral areas of adenocarcinomas, being significantly different from alpha 5 chain. Non-small cell lung cancers with reduced alpha 5 chain showed a tendency for greater lymph node metastasis. In cultured normal air way epithelial cells, both laminin alpha 3 and alpha 5 chains were found to be expressed by northern analysis. Eleven of the twelve cultured lung cancer cell lines did not express alpha 3 chain and expression of alpha 5 chain was reduced in three. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis also demonstrated expression of laminin alpha 3 chain in adenocarcinoma tissues to be significantly lower than in normal lung tissues. These results suggest that expression of laminin alpha chains is often reduced in lung cancer cells and this might contribute to basement membrane fragmentation and subsequent proliferation of stromal elements, as well as play some role in the process of cancer cell invasion.
Faithfully yours: Otto A. Olson (1920-1976) (1978)

Baglo, Ferdy E. Faithfully yours: Otto A. Olson (1920-1976). Manitoba: Central Canada Synod of the Lutheran Church in America, 1978.
Prevalence and malignant potential of colorectal polyps in asymptomatic, average-risk men. (1991)

Screening colonoscopy was performed on 119 asymptomatic elderly men with no other risk factors for colonic neoplasms. Ninety adenomas were detected in 49 (41%) subjects. Mean adenoma size was 6.5 mm, with 83 (92%) less than or equal to 10 mm. Forty-nine (54%) adenomas were located proximal to the splenic flexure, and 17 (19%) were classified as tubulovillous or villous. Moderate- to high-grade dysplasia was found in 29 (32%) adenomas and was associated with larger size (p less than 0.0001) and villous architecture (p = 0.0038). Two subjects harbored adenomas with invasive cancer. Seventy-one hyperplastic polyps were found in 40 (34%) subjects. The mean size of hyperplastic polyps was 3.4 mm, and 64 (90%) were located in the left colon. We conclude that, in this population, adenomas are common lesions that are frequently small. However, substantial proportions of these adenomas may be at risk for malignant degeneration due to the presence of villous architecture and higher grades of dysplasia. Because adenomas and hyperplastic polyps are endoscopically indistinguishable, all polyps found at endoscopy should be removed or ablated.
Amyloid imaging and CSF biomarkers in predicting cognitive impairment up to 7.5 years later (2013)

Our results indicate that all AD biomarkers studied here predicted incident cognitive impairment, and support the hypothesis that biomarkers signal underlying AD pathology at least several years before the appearance of dementia symptoms.
Microservices Architecture Enables DevOps: Migration to a Cloud-Native Architecture (2016)

This article reports on experiences and lessons learned during incremental migration and architectural refactoring of a commercial mobile back end as a service to microservices architecture. It explains how the researchers adopted DevOps and how this facilitated a smooth migration.
The using of tongue diagnosis in fatty liver patients' health management (2008)

Objective
To find the syndrome tendency of fatty liver people and then providing basis for TCM integrated into fatty liver patients' Health Management by analyzing the characteristics of fatty liver people's tongue and combining them with the investigating results of symptoms.


Methods
Using 1 : 1 control study methods, examined 368 cases (184 cases were patients with fatty liver), observed their tongues as well as their symptoms, and recorded results.


Results
χ2 test showed fat tongue, thin and small tongue, teeth-marked tongue, thick fur, greasy fur, fond of cool drink, hate feat, diarrhea after eating cold food, more sweat,lethargy, heavy four limbs, more flatus were significantly increase in fatty liver people(χ27. 580,11.740,23.700,8.666, 10.793,P>0.05).


Conclusions
The symptoms of patients with fatty liver disease were the reflection of heat and (or) damp-heat. Found the generally pathology rules of patients with fatty liver disease, we could be more reasonable and effective prevention and treatment.


Key words: 
Fatty liver; Tongue inspection; Health proinotion
Three Dimensional Imaging of Microelectronic Devices Using a CrossBeam FIB (2004)

Abstract Increased insight into the internal structure of microelectronic devices can be achieved through the use of three dimensional (3D) imaging based on image stacks of serial sections obtained with a combined electron and ion beam (CrossBeam) FIB. This study describes how such data can be collected and presented, some of the factors that need to be optimized to get the best images, and the limitations of the method. It can be viewed as a first step in the emerging area of high resolution 3D microscopy, a technique that can lead to more accurate characterization of the shapes of internal structures and their interconnectivity at the nanoscale.
Model for the Viscosity of Particle Dispersions (1999)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Eric Amis, Clive Bosnyak, Jim Chou, Chris Christenson, Rich Fibiger, Glenn Fredrickson, Ed Garboczi, Juan Garcés, and Dave Moll for helpful discussions. We also thank Giovanni Nisato and Richard Parnas for their helpful comments on our paper. This work was supported in part by the government under Cooperative Agreement No. 70NANB7H3028, awarded by the Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Diagonal recurrent neural network for controller designs (2002)

A new neural network paradigm called diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) structure is presented, and is used to design a neural network controller, which includes both a neuroidentifier (DRNI) and a neurocontroller (DRNC). An unknown plant is identified by a neuroidentifier, which provides the sensitivity information of the plant to a neurocontroller. A generalized dynamical backpropagation algorithm (DBP) is developed to train both DRNC and DRNI. An approach to use an adaptive learning rate scheme based on the Lyapunov function is developed. The use of adaptive learning rates not only accelerates the learning speed but also guarantees the convergence of the neural network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved base-calling and quality scores for 454 sequencing based on a Hurdle Poisson model (2012)

Using a reference data set of the Escherichia coli K-12 strain, we show that HPCall produces superior quality scores that are very informative towards possible insertion and deletion errors, while maintaining a base-calling accuracy that is better than the current one. Given the generality of the framework, HPCall has the potential to also adapt to other homopolymer-sensitive sequencing technologies.
A comparative study of the polyaniline thin films produced by the cluster beam deposition and laser ablation methods (2006)

Polyaniline (PANI) thin films have been prepared by applying the novel neutral and ionized cluster beam deposition (NCBD and ICBD) methods and the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique to the PANI samples of half-oxidized emeraldine base (EB-PANI) and protoemeraldine base forms in a high-vacuum condition. Characterization of the oxidation states and structural changes of pristine and doped thin films has been performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Spectroscopic measurements demonstrate that the dominant structure of NCBD and ICBD thin films corresponds to the reduced leucoemeraldine base state, whereas the chemical composition of PLD thin films depends critically on the laser fluence and the molecular weight of PANI target. The congruent deposition is only obtained for the PLD films deposited by the laser-induced decomposition of the low-molecular-weight targets in the low to intermediate fluence regime (below 100 mJ/cm2 with a pulse duration of 7 ns). The surface morphology examined by atomic force microscopy measurements shows that the cluster and laser beams are effective in producing smooth, uniform polymeric thin films. After I2 and HCl doping, the electrical conductivities of the NCBD, ICBD, and particularly PLD thin films are increased significantly. The higher conductivity of PLD films is ascribed to higher amounts of quinoid di-imine doping sites in the EB-PANI state, and the overall structure-conductivity characteristics are consistent with the spectroscopic observations.
Novel Thin and Compact H-Plane SIW Horn Antenna (2013)

The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology allows to construct several types of commonly used antennas in a planar way. However, some practical constraints limit their performances when frequencies below 20 GHz are considered. In the case of SIW horn antennas, the available substrates are much thinner than the wavelength yielding to poor matching and undesired back radiation. In this paper, an innovative structure to overcome these limitations is presented. It consists of a transition printed on the same SIW substrate, which improves both the radiation and the matching performances of conventional SIW horns. The horn shape is also further optimized by reducing its dimensions required for a given directivity. This is obtained by modifying the horn profile in order to effectively combine different TE modes. Guidelines are provided to design this type of thin and compact SIW horn antenna. They were applied to manufacture a prototype in the Ku-band with a substrate thinner than λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /10. Measurement results validate the proposed concepts showing excellent performances.
Bayesian Optimization with Gradients (2017)

Bayesian optimization has been successful at global optimization of expensive-to-evaluate multimodal objective functions. However, unlike most optimization methods, Bayesian optimization typically does not use derivative information. In this paper we show how Bayesian optimization can exploit derivative information to decrease the number of objective function evaluations required for good performance. In particular, we develop a novel Bayesian optimization algorithm, the derivative-enabled knowledge-gradient (dKG), for which we show one-step Bayes-optimality, asymptotic consistency, and greater one-step value of information than is possible in the derivative-free setting. Our procedure accommodates noisy and incomplete derivative information, comes in both sequential and batch forms, and can optionally reduce the computational cost of inference through automatically selected retention of a single directional derivative. We also compute the d-KG acquisition function and its gradient using a novel fast discretization-free technique. We show d-KG provides state-of-the-art performance compared to a wide range of optimization procedures with and without gradients, on benchmarks including logistic regression, deep learning, kernel learning, and k-nearest neighbors.
Tastes Produced by Peptides Containing Ionic Groups and by Related Compounds (1996)

The typical tastes imparted by ionic groups are salty-like of sodium chloride and umami-like of monosodium glutamate, but the relationship between the taste and chemical structure has not previously been elucidated. One of the reason for the difficulty in understanding the taste-structure relationship is the presence of the ambiguous and unfavorable tastes of neutral salts. We define the strange tastes of neutral salts (TNS) collectively in a specific category, and then the tastes due to ionic groups. Sour, salty, and umami tastes and TNS were studied for different acidic and basic groups and various combinations of both groups to elucidate the taste characteristics of the ionic groups. The results reveal that the tastes due to ionic groups have common characteristics, being different from bitter and sweet tastes.
Formamidinium-Containing Metal-Halide: An Alternative Material for Near-IR Absorption Perovskite Solar Cells (2013)

Solid-state, solution processed solar-cells based on organic–inorganic methyl ammonium lead halide absorbers have achieved efficiencies in excess of 15%, which has superseded liquid dye sensitized cells, as well as various thin film-based photovoltaics. This report introduces a new metal-halide perovskite, based on the formamidinium cation (HC(NH2)2+), that displays a favorable band gap (1.47 eV) and represents a broader absorption compared to previously reported absorbers that contained the methylammonium cation (CH3NH3+). The high open-circuit voltage (Voc = 0.97 V) and promising fill-factor (FF = 68.7%) yield an efficiency of 4.3%, which make this material an excellent candidate for this new class of perovskite solar cell. This report also investigates the formation of a black trigonal (P3m1) perovskite polymorph and a yellow hexagonal nonperovskite (P63mc) polymorph. Further solar cell development would entail the stabilization of the black trigonal (P3m1) perovskite polymorph over the yellow hexagonal nonperovskite (P63mc) polymorph.
LI Delay Impact on ICIC in Type 1 Relay (2009)

3GPP LTE specification is stable now in release 8. To meet much higher requirements than release 8, 3 GPP has initiated the LTE-A (LTE-Advanced) study item. In LTE-A, some new features are introduced in, such as relay, CoMP (Coordinated multiple point transmission and reception) and CA (carrier aggregation) . Relay is used to improve cell coverage and to increase cell-edge throughput. It is considered as an effective approach for ICIC (inter-cell interference coordination) in LTE-A due to inherent joint scheduling/processing at the coordinated cells.
781 Mbit/s photon-counting optical communications using a superconducting nanowire detector (2006)

We demonstrate 1550 nm photon-counting optical communications with a NbN-nanowire superconducting single-photon detector. Source data are encoded with a rate-1/2 forward-error correcting code and transmitted by use of 32-ary pulse-position modulation at 5 and 10 GHz slot rates. Error-free performance is obtained with -0.5 detected photon per source bit at a source data rate of 781 Mbits/s. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported data rate for a photon-counting receiver.
Evaluation of Climate Models (2014)

Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of biogeochemical cycles important to climate change. These models allow for policy-relevant calculations such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions compatible with a specified climate stabilization target. In addition, the range of climate variables and processes that have been evaluated has greatly expanded, and differences between models and observations are increasingly quantified using ‘performance metrics’. In this chapter, model evaluation covers simulation of the mean climate, of historical climate change, of variability on multiple time scales and of regional modes of variability. This evaluation is based on recent internationally coordinated model experiments, including simulations of historic and paleo climate, specialized experiments designed to provide insight into key climate processes and feedbacks and regional climate downscaling. Figure 9.44 provides an overview of model capabilities as assessed in this chapter, including improvements, or lack thereof, relative to models assessed in the AR4. The chapter concludes with an assessment of recent work connecting model performance to the detection and attribution of climate change as well as to future projections.
Restricting Insider Access Through Efficient Implementation of Multi-Policy Access Control Systems (2016)

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) has standardized an access control approach, Next Generation Access Control (NGAC), that enables simultaneous instantiation of multiple access control policies. For large complex enterprises this is critical to limiting the authorized access of insiders. However, the specifications describe the required access control capabilities but not the related algorithms. While appropriate, this leave open the important question as to whether or not NGAC is scalable. Existing cubic reference implementations indicate that it does not. For example, the primary NGAC reference implementation took several minutes to simply display the set of files accessible to a user on a moderately sized system. To solve this problem we provide an efficient access control decision algorithm, reducing the overall complexity from cubic to linear. Our other major contribution is to provide a novel mechanism for administrators and users to review allowed access rights. We provide an interface that appears to be a simple file directory hierarchy but in reality is an automatically generated structure abstracted from the underlying access control graph that works with any set of simultaneously instantiated access control policies. Our work thus provides the first efficient implementation of NGAC while enabling user privilege review through a novel visualization approach. These capabilities help limit insider access to information (and thereby limit information leakage) by enabling the efficient simultaneous instantiation of multiple access control policies.
Novel pH sensing semiconductor for point-of-care detection of HIV-1 viremia (2016)

The timely detection of viremia in HIV-infected patients receiving antiviral treatment is key to ensuring effective therapy and preventing the emergence of drug resistance. In high HIV burden settings, the cost and complexity of diagnostics limit their availability. We have developed a novel complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip based, pH-mediated, point-of-care HIV-1 viral load monitoring assay that simultaneously amplifies and detects HIV-1 RNA. A novel low-buffer HIV-1 pH-LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) assay was optimised and incorporated into a pH sensitive CMOS chip. Screening of 991 clinical samples (164 on the chip) yielded a sensitivity of 95% (in vitro) and 88.8% (on-chip) at >1000 RNA copies/reaction across a broad spectrum of HIV-1 viral clades. Median time to detection was 20.8 minutes in samples with >1000 copies RNA. The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility are close to that required to produce a point-of-care device which would be of benefit in resource poor regions, and could be performed on an USB stick or similar low power device.
Alternative Egg Collection System for Mass Production of Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)1 (1984)

Two types of egg-collection devices for rearing Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were compared for effects on egg production by adults and on egg hatch. Significantly higher efficiency was obtained from females in cages with perforated bottles than in cages with screen as oviposition sites. Consequently, a bottle oviposition cage was modified for large-scale egg production by incorporating a new egg collection method that precludes the escape of flies during egg harvest. The modified cage was equal to or better than the standard plywood cage used for the past 10 years in Hawaii. Specifications were described for a cage and operations system capable of providing 1 × 109 eggs per week.
Inhibition of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma growth and invasion by the calcium influx inhibitor carboxyamido-triazole. (1997)

Local invasion and lymph node metastasis are correlated with a decreased overall survival in head and neck cancer patients and warrant new strategies to intervene in the metastatic cascade. One approach is to focus on the intracellular signaling pathways underlying the metastatic process. A common regulatory point in several signal transduction pathways is intracellular calcium homeostasis. We assessed the effect of a novel calcium influx inhibitor, carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), on the growth and invasive phenotype of cell lines derived from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CAI inhibited the growth of FaDu and EVSCC17M cells in a dose-dependent (IC50, 13-15 microM) and reversible manner. CAI also caused a generalized attenuation of receptor-mediated calcium elevation to several calcium mobilization agonists, including epidermal growth factor and bradykinin. The effects of CAI on the invasive phenotype of HNSCC cell lines were assessed by a chemo-invasion assay. HNSCC cell lines exhibited a range of invasive potential as measured by the capacity of tumor cells to penetrate a reconstituted basement membrane of Matrigel. HNSCCs were classified as highly invasive (EVSCC14M and EVSCC17M) or weakly invasive (EVSCC18, EVSCC19M, UMSCC10A, and FaDu). Treatment of HNSCC cell lines with 10 microM CAI for 24 h reduced invasion 2-14-fold in a dose-dependent manner. HNSCCs also exhibited different motilities as measured by a chemotaxis assay. EVSCC14M and EVSCC17M were highly motile, whereas EVSCC18, EVSCC19M, UMSCC10A, and FaDu were less motile. CAI reduced the migration of all cell lines. Conditioned medium from HNSCC cell lines was analyzed by zymography for production of Mr 72,000 type IV collagenase [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2)] and Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase (MMP-9). All HNSCC cell lines secreted MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 into conditioned medium. Treatment of cells with 10 microM CAI for 24 h resulted in a reduction of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 production. The results demonstrate that CAI blocks cellular proliferation, migration, chemoinvasion, and MMP production by HNSCC in vitro and identify calcium-dependent signaling as a new target for inhibition of the malignant phenotype of HNSCC.