gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust quantization of memoryless sources using dispersive FIR filters (1992)

An approach to quantizing discrete-time memoryless sources is presented. An important feature is that its performance is largely insensitive to errors in modeling the input PDF. The method involves changing the amplitude distribution of the source to be approximately Gaussian by all-pass filtering, then applying a Lloyd-Max quantizer designed for a Gaussian source. After quantization, the samples are passed through another all-pass filter, which is an approximate inverse of the first filter. The mean-square error (MSE) for the overall process is roughly equal to the quantization MSE for the intermediate Gaussian signal, independent of the source statistics. For some sources, this is actually an improvement over direct, correct-model Lloyd-Max quantization. The cost of this technique is some delay due to filtering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Actor-Centric Relation Network (2018)

Current state-of-the-art approaches for spatio-temporal action localization rely on detections at the frame level and model temporal context with 3D ConvNets. Here, we go one step further and model spatio-temporal relations to capture the interactions between human actors, relevant objects and scene elements essential to differentiate similar human actions. Our approach is weakly supervised and mines the relevant elements automatically with an actor-centric relational network (ACRN). ACRN computes and accumulates pair-wise relation information from actor and global scene features, and generates relation features for action classification. It is implemented as neural networks and can be trained jointly with an existing action detection system. We show that ACRN outperforms alternative approaches which capture relation information, and that the proposed framework improves upon the state-of-the-art performance on JHMDB and AVA. A visualization of the learned relation features confirms that our approach is able to attend to the relevant relations for each action.
Monitoring Subsurface Microbial Ecology in a Sulfate‐Amended, Gasoline‐Contaminated Aquifer (2006)

Abstract An unconfined, gasoline‐contaminated aquifer (2.3 to 5 m water table) in fractured sedimentary bedrock has been under remediation since 1999 in Bellingham, Washington. The central portion of the ground water plume has been difficult to remediate because of the fractured sedimentary bedrock and the presence of significant utilities that have prevented aerobic in situ cleanup methods. A 15‐month field trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of enhancing the attenuation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) hydrocarbons at the site by continuously amending the aquifer with sulfate that was initially introduced into the aquifer using an infiltration trench in 3.8‐m 3 batches at a concentration of 500 mg/L. The goal was to stimulate anaerobic bacteria and enhance dissolved‐phase gasoline and BTEX biodegradation rates. The subsurface microbial ecology in the aquifer was monitored during sulfate injection using Bio‐Sep ® biotraps (Microbial Insights Inc., Rockford, Tennessee). Bio‐Sep beads have been shown to be very effective in collecting biofilms, which are more indicative of in situ microbial ecology than planktonic organisms from ground water samples. Sulfate injection was shown to increase the rates of biodegradation of BTEX components by more than twofold for toluene, for example, and about fivefold for gasoline‐range hydrocarbons. The subsurface microbial community became more anaerobic in character as sulfate utilization increased as evidenced by its depletion in the aquifer. Bead biofilms were also compared to planktonic samples from ground water monitoring wells. During sulfate injection, bead biofilm biomarkers were shown to correlate with changes in ground water geochemistry, while planktonic samples from ground water remained relatively unchanged over time.
Guided Random Forest in the RRF Package (2013)

Random Forest (RF) is a powerful supervised learner and has been popularly used in many applications such as bioinformatics. In this work we propose the guided random forest (GRF) for feature selection. Similar to a feature selection method called guided regularized random forest (GRRF), GRF is built using the importance scores from an ordinary RF. However, the trees in GRRF are built sequentially, are highly correlated and do not allow for parallel computing, while the trees in GRF are built independently and can be implemented in parallel. Experiments on 10 high-dimensional gene data sets show that, with a fixed parameter value (without tuning the parameter), RF applied to features selected by GRF outperforms RF applied to all features on 9 data sets and 7 of them have significant differences at the 0.05 level. Therefore, both accuracy and interpretability are significantly improved. GRF selects more features than GRRF, however, leads to better classification accuracy. Note in this work the guided random forest is guided by the importance scores from an ordinary random forest, however, it can also be guided by other methods such as human insights (by specifying $λ_i$). GRF can be used in "RRF" v1.4 (and later versions), a package that also includes the regularized random forest methods.
Experimental Study of Intraparenchymal Fibrinogen and Topical Thrombin to Seal Pleural Defects. (2016)

The intraparenchymal injection of fibrinogen combined with instillation of thrombin created an effective fibrin layer associated with early pleural regeneration that reliably prevented pleural air leaks.
Evaluation of Lutein and Protein in Ozone Treated Corn (2005)

The present study was conducted to determine the influence of an ozonation process on lutein and protein in clean and contaminated corns. This study aimed (1) to determine the levels of antimutagenic compounds to aflatoxin in corn before and after ozonation; (2) to verify the antimutagenic potential of these compounds against aflatoxin using the Ames test; and (3) to evaluate proteins in the corn before and after ozonation. HPLC was used to separate and identify the lutein in corn. Nitrogen analysis and SDS-PAGE were used to analyze protein content and molecular weights in corn. Clean ozone-treated corn had a total lutein content of 28.36 ug/g, which was higher than that of 22.75 ug/g in the untreated clean corn. However, the results of contaminated corn were contrary to clean corn. Lutein content of 11.69 ug/g in the ozone-treated contaminated corn was lower than that of 16.42 ug/g in the untreated contaminated corn. Through the nitrogen analysis, protein content was determined. In both corn samples, the protein content of ozone-treated corn was lower than that of untreated corn, indicating that protein could be destroyed by the ozonation process. The Ames test using the Salmonella plate incorporation method was used to examine the effect of lutein extracts from corn on aflatoxin B1 mutagenicity, using TA100 tester strain. Lutein extracts alone showed no mutagenic potential against Samonella typhimurium tester strains TA 100. The dose of 500 ng AFB1/g was chosen for the antimutagenicity studies. Pure lutein and lutein extracts from corn inhibited the mutagenicity of AFB1 in a dose-response manner. Lutein extracts were more efficient at inhibiting AFB1 mutagenicity than lutein standard. Lutein extracts from different corn samples had similar antimutagenic potential against AFB1, so the ozone treatment could not change antimutagenic potential of lutein extracts. Ozonation releases lutein from clean corn, while in the contaminated corn, ozonation destroys some of lutein in the corn. However, ozonation dose not change the antimutagenic potential of lutein against AFB1. Protein can be destroyed by ozone, which influences the nutritious value of corn.
Expiratory Flow Rates: Their Role in Asthma Therapy (1982)

When clinical manifestations of asthma are absent or ambiguous, objective evidence of airway obstruction can make the difference between appropriate and inappropriate treatment. At the level of patient self-management—on which effective therapy depends—an inexpensive, hand-held peak flow meter can determine, by measuring pulmonary function, the presence and severity of asthma.
Intra-tumoral injection of doxorubicin (adriamycin) encapsulated in liposome inhibits tumor growth, prolongs survival time and is not associated with local or systemic side effects (2000)

Encapsulation of doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in liposome (LipADM) augments the anti-tumor effects of the drug and reduces side effects such as cardiotoxicity. However, it does not always enhance anti-tumor effects because of entrapment by the reticuloendothelial system. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of LipADM injected directly into the tumor to augment tumor targeting. LipADM (7.5 mg/kg body weight), the same concentration as free ADM (FADM), was injected percutaneously or i.v. into 7-day-old established Meth-A tumors in mice. Mock liposome was injected percutaneously into tumors of control mice. Mean relative tumor weights of the 5 groups on day 15 were as follows: intra-tumoral injection of LipADM, 2.92 +/- 1.09; intra-tumoral injection of FADM, 6.99 +/- 2.92; i.v. injection of LipADM, 11.07 +/- 7.95; i.v. injection of FADM, 11.80 +/- 6.55; control, 23.94 +/- 9.03. Mean survival times were as follows: intra-tumoral injection of LipADM, 46.2 +/- 11.0 days; FADM, 34.6 +/- 9.6 days; mock control, 30.2 +/- 4.8 days. Histological examination showed no tissue damage at the site of s.c. injection of LipADM. ADM concentrations in tumor tissues after intra-tumoral injection were persistently high in the LipADM-treated group. Our results indicate that direct injection of LipADM into the tumor is therapeutically useful by producing persistently high concentrations of ADM in the target tissue, with few local and systemic side effects.
Homomultimeric protease in the hyperthermophilic bacterium <i>Thermotoga maritima</i> has structural and amino acid sequence homology to bacteriocins in mesophilic bacteria (1998)

A novel homomultimeric protease (> 669 kDa), based on 31 kDa subunits, was purified from cell extracts of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. This protease exhibits activity toward chymotrypsin and trypsin substrates, optimally at 90 degrees C and pH 7.1, and has a half-life of 36 min at 95 degrees C. Transmission electron microscopy established that the protease consists of a large globular assembly which appears circular from the front view. The function of this protease in T. maritima remains unclear, although putative homologs include a 29 kDa antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a 31 kDa monomer of a high molecular weight bacteriocin produced by Brevibacterium linens [Valdes-Stauber, N. and Scherer, S. (1996) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1283-1286]. The relationship of these mesophilic proteins to the T. maritima protease suggests that their antibacterial activity may involve elements of proteolysis, and raises the prospect for antimicrobial ecological strategies in hyperthermophilic niches.
Isopentenyl Diphosphate Isomerase. Mechanism-Based Inhibition by Diene Analogues of Isopentenyl Diphosphate and Dimethylallyl Diphosphate (2005)

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) catalyzes the interconversion of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). This is an essential step in the mevalonate entry into the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. The isomerization catalyzed by type I IDI involves protonation of the carbon-carbon double bond in IPP or DMAPP to form a tertiary carbocation, followed by deprotonation. Diene analogues for DMAPP (E-2-OPP and Z-2-OPP) and IPP (4-OPP) were synthesized and found to be potent active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme. X-ray analysis of the E.I complex between Escherichia coli IDI and 4-OPP reveals the presence of two isomers that differ in the stereochemistry of the newly formed C3-C4 double bond in the hydrocarbon chain of the inhibitor. In both adducts C5 of the inhibitor is joined to the sulfur of C67. In these structures the methyl group formed upon protonation of the diene moiety in 4-OPP is located near E116, implicating that residue in the protonation step.
A Study on the Stress Distribution Around Filler of Polymer Composite Materials (1976)

In this paper, process of bonding and bonding rupture of matrix and spheroid\noxidizing iron grains contained in polyethylene film are photographically\nobserved by means of optical microscope, stress distribution around filler is\nsought for by finite element method, and the process of rupture of bonding\nby stress concentration is studied.
Fluoride removal studies in water using natural materials : technical note (2004)

Excess fluoride in water causes health hazards to the natural environment. The removal of fluoride was attempted using natural materials such as red soil, charcoal, brick, fly-ash and serpentine. Each material was set up in a column for a known volume and the defluoridation capacities of these materials were studied with respect to time. According to the maximum defluoridation capacity these materials were added proportionately to the vertical column. Ten mg.ℓ-1 of fluoride was passed through the column and the variation of fluoride removal for a known rate of flow was studied. Correlation analysis of defluoridation capacity with time was done and an attempt has been made to classify them accordingly. The study reveals that red soil has good fluoride removal capacity followed by brick, fly-ash, serpentine and charcoal. Water SA Vol.29(3) 2003: 339-344
Two novel <i>HTRA1</i> mutations in a European CARASIL patient (2014)

Two patients with low random serum vitamin K1 concentrations but with normal prothrombin times and normal biological assays of the vitamin K dependent coagulation proteins were treated with an N-methyl-thiotetrazole cephalosporin (cefotetan) postoperatively. Four to six days later both patients developed a prolonged prothrombin time and a noticeable and specific lowering of the clotting activities of factors II, VII, IX and X, though the serum vitamin K1 concentrations remained unchanged. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of prothrombin showed the appearance of a second peak corresponding to descarboxyprothrombin (PIVKA II). These abnormalities corrected after vitamin K administration. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that cephalosporins with an N-methyl-thiotetrazole side chain inhibit the hepatic utilisation of vitamin K but that this only causes hypoprothrombinaemia when liver reserves of vitamin K are low.
Effects of in vivo applications of peripheral blood‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PB‐MSCs) and platlet‐rich plasma (PRP) on experimentally injured deep digital flexor tendons of sheep (2012)

Tendon injuries, degenerative tendinopathies, and overuse tendinitis are common in races horses. Novel therapies aim to restore tendon functionality by means of cell-based therapy, growth factor delivery, and tissue engineering approaches. This study examined the use of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells derived from peripheral blood (PB-MSCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and a combination of both for ameliorating experimental lesions on deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) of Bergamasca sheep. In particular, testing the combination of blood-derived MSCs and PRP in an experimental animal model represents one of the few studies exploring a putative synergistic action of these treatments. Effectiveness of treatments was evaluated at 30 and 120 days comparing clinical, ultrasonographic, and histological features together with immunohistochemical expression of collagen types 1 and 3, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Significant differences were found between treated groups and their corresponding controls (placebo) regarding tendon morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. However, our results indicate that the combined use of PRP and MSCs did not produce an additive or synergistic regenerative response and highlighted the predominant effect of MSCs on tendon healing, enhanced tissue remodeling and improved structural organization.
Disopyramide (1979)

DISOPYRAMIDE phosphate (Norpace) was first marketed in the United States two years ago for the treatment of specific ventricular rhythm disturbances. Mokler and Van Arman described its antiarrhythmic activity in 1962,1 Katz et al. reported a clinical trial in 1963,2 and the drug was marketed in France in 1969. More than 300 million doses of disopyramide were prescribed worldwide, several hundred publications described its actions, and 15 years passed before the drug became available to American physicians.It is often stressed that disopyramide is not chemically related to other antiarrhythmic drugs (Fig. 1). Since the molecular structures of bretylium, lidocaine, . . .
Optimization of Characteristics of Longitudinal Creepage for Running Stability on Sharp Curved Track (2014)

도시철도는 도심내를 운행하는 철도차량으로써, 도시철도 이용이 활발해지고 운행 계획에 따라 급곡선 구간의 운용이 필요할 것으로 예상된다. 하지만 이러한 급곡선 선로에서는 철도차량의 주행 안정성이 현저히 감소하며 크리피지가 증가하게 된다. 크리피지는 차륜이 레일 위를 구를 때 접촉면에서의 속도차에 의한 미끄러짐 량으로 차륜 마모, 진동 등의 원인이 된다. 따라서 크리피지를 줄이는 것은 주행 안정성 확보 및 환경 문제, 비용 저감에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 급곡선 선로 주행에 의한 주행방향 크리피지 발생 정도를 전동차를 모델링하여 분석하고 나아가서 급곡선 선로 주행 시 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 최소화하기 위한 대차 특성을 최적화한다. Urban railway vehicles operate in downtown areas. Due to increases in the number of passengers and changes in the service plans, railway vehicles are expected to operate on sharp curved tracks. However, on these tracks, the running stability of the railway vehicles is significantly decreased and the creepage is increased. Creepage causes the wheel/rail to wear and vibration. Therefore, reducing the creepage helps ensure the running stability and can be beneficial for the environment and cost. In this paper, the longitudinal creepage is analyzed using a railway vehicle model on a sharp curved track. Furthermore, in order to minimize the problems when a railway vehicle runs on a sharp curved track, the characteristics of a bogie are optimized using response optimization.
Continuous Synthesis of Nanostructured Sheetlike Carbons by Thermal Plasma Decomposition of Methane (2007)

Crumpled sheetlike carbons (SLCs) of a quasi-2-D graphite structure are continuously synthesized by thermal decomposition of methane using a dc plasma torch of hollow electrodes type operated in a reversed polarity mode. Field-emission scanning electron microscope images show that the products synthesized solely consist of a great number of individual SLCs, which are stacked with random orientation and interlaced each other with thin edges. The width and height of the nanostructured SLCs ranges from 100 to 150 nm, and the average thickness of their stacked graphene layers is estimated as 10 nm. The material analyses of X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller static gas adsorption indicate that the nanosized SLCs synthesized by this new method have excellent physicochemical properties, such as large specific surface area and highly graphitized structure with good crystallization, due to their corrugated sheetlike feature. The SLCs synthesized in such a 2-D graphitic structure would be more robust and versatile in their practical applications to hydrogen reservoir and electrical cell compared with other 1-D structures like carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. Although the detailed growth mechanism of SLCs in the thermal plasma environment is not ascertained, high-temperature atmosphere and strong directional flow of the thermal plasma inside the hollow electrodes of the torch may play an important role in the formation of nanostructured SLCs
Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer (2020)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and chemotherapy have long been the first choices for cancer patients. However, the prognosis of CRC has never been satisfying, especially for patients with metastatic lesions. Targeted therapy is a new optional approach that has successfully prolonged overall survival for CRC patients. Following successes with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agent cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis agent bevacizumab, new agents blocking different critical pathways as well as immune checkpoints are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Guidelines worldwide are currently updating the recommended targeted drugs on the basis of the increasing number of high-quality clinical trials. This review provides an overview of existing CRC-targeted agents and their underlying mechanisms, as well as a discussion of their limitations and future trends.
Research on the Integration of Silverlight and WebGIS Based on REST (2010)

Network is an inevitable trend in the development of Geographic Information System (GIS). Silverlight, as a cross-browser, cross-platform plug-in, can bring the next generation based. NET-media experiences and rich interactive applications for the network, and provides new method of performance for the new generation of WebGIS development. With the research of Silverlight and REST technology, this paper focus on the latest RIA implementation technology - the integration of Silverlight and WebGIS, constructs a WebGIS system structure based on Silverlight technology and REST, develops a Web browsing system of Shanghai electronic map ,then analyzes the technical feasibility and performance advantages of WebGIS development based on Silverlight technology.
CNN-based Automatic Coating Inspection System (2018)

The application of protective coatings is the primary method of protecting marine and offshore structures from corrosion. Coating breakdown and corrosion (CBC) assessment is a major aspect of coating failure management. Evaluation methods can result in unnecessary maintenance costs and a higher risk of failure. To achieve a comprehensive collection of data for CBC assessment, an unmanned arial system (UAS), assisted by the latest technological innovations, will be used to facilitate data collection in inaccessible locations. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based CBC assessment system is developed to provide objective assessment of the severity of coating failure. This method is more suitable for inspecting large areas by capturing and analyzing pictures/videos of the target area than the surveyor’s existing manual inspection solution. In this paper, deep learning-based object detection in the CBC assessment system has been developed to provide an effective CBC assessment for the marine and offshore industries. By using active thermal imaging, it can identify corrosion behind the coating. This will greatly improve the efficiency and reliability of coating inspection.
Lateral DMOS Power transistor design (1980)

Two dimensional analysis has been applied to model the lateral DMOST (LDMOST) transistor in the off condition. This approach predicts breakdown voltages beyond the conventional limit. Using this model, a 400 volt lateral transistor was designed, fabricated, and tested. The design values obtained from the numerical modeling, and the experimental results for a >425 volt LDMOST are presented.