gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Rice Blast by Preinoculation with Avirulent <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> and the Nonrice Pathogen <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> (1998)

ABSTRACT Avirulent isolates of Pyricularia oryzae and isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana, a nonrice pathogen, were used to suppress rice blast caused by P. oryzae. In greenhouse experiments, both fungi substantially reduced leaf blast when applied 24 h or more before the pathogen. B. sorokiniana, but not avirulent isolates of P. oryzae, systemically reduced disease in leaf 5 when applied to whole plants at the four-leaf stage. In field experiments, both fungi were able to reduce neck blast significantly. No increase in grain yield was obtained by using avirulent isolates of P. oryzae, whereas five sprays with B. sorokiniana from seedling to heading stages increased the grain yield in two of three experiments conducted at two locations in Nepal. The significant increase in yield was observed under high inoculum pressure of P. oryzae. Induced resistance is suggested to be involved in the suppression of disease.
An edge-to-edge filtering architecture against DoS (2007)

Defending against large, distributed Denial-of-Service attacks is challenging, with large changes to the network core or to end-hosts often suggested. To make matters worse, spoofing adds to the difficulty, since defenses must resist attempts to trigger filtering of other people's traffic. Further, any solution has to provide incentives for deployment, or it will never see the light of day. We present a simple and effective architectural defense against distributed DoS attacks that requires no changes to the end-hosts, minimal changes to the network core, is robust to spoofing, provides incentives for initial deployment, and can be built with off-the-shelf hardware
Image frame fusion using 3D anisotropic diffusion (2008)

In this paper, a modified 3D anisotropic diffusion method is proposed to improve the multi-frame image fusion performance. Multi frame image sequence is considered to be composed of aligned and warped images. The goal of this approach is to obtain a restored image from the aligned and warped image sequence, where alignment error and Gaussian noise are reduced. The proposed method consists of medium band stack filter and tree-structured 3D diffusion filter.
Role of Intracerebral Angiotensin Receptors in the Regulation of Vasopressin Release and the Cardiovascular System (1986)

In order to investigate the physiological role of the brain renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of vasopressin (ADH) release, angiotensin II (Ang II, 10 ng/kg/min) or 1-Sar-8-Ile-Ang II (50 ng/kg/min), an Ang II antagonist, was administered intracerebroventricularly to dogs (n = 42) anesthetized with urethane and chloralose after morphine sedation. The effects of the intravenous infusion of either 0.15 M or 2.5 M NaCl (0.1 ml/kg/min, 75 min) were also studied. In control dogs, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) was administered at a rate of 10 microliter/min for 105 min. ACSF given intracerebroventricularly plus 0.15 M NaCl given intravenously did not affect ADH release, but 2.5 M NaCl given intravenously raised the plasma ADH level in parallel with the rise in plasma osmolality. Heart rate and blood pressure did not change significantly in ACSF along with 0.15 M NaCl, but heart rate increased significantly in ACSF along with 2.5 M NaCl. Ang II along with 0.15 M NaCl significantly raised plasma ADH and decreased heart rate without any changes in blood pressure. Ang II along with 2.5 M NaCl brought about a significant rise in plasma ADH level, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma osmolality. But simultaneous application of Ang II and 2.5 M NaCl did not result in a larger rise in plasma ADH than that expected from the effects of the two stimulations given separately. Namely, Ang II did not potentiate ADH release elicited by osmotic stimulation. Ang II antagonist given intracerebroventricularly neither affected ADH release and the cardiovascular system in 0.15 M NaCl nor inhibited ADH release in response to osmotic stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Repair of Adult Rat Corticospinal Tract by Transplants of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (1997)

The upper cervical corticospinal tract was transected on one side in adult rats. A suspension of ensheathing cells cultured from adult rat olfactory bulb was injected into the lesion site. This induced unbranched, elongative growth of the cut corticospinal axons. The axons grew through the transplant and continued to regenerate into the denervated caudal host tract. Rats with complete transections and no transplanted cells did not use the forepaw on the lesioned side for directed reaching. Rats in which the transplanted cells had formed a continuous bridge across the lesion exhibited directed forepaw reaching on the lesioned side.
Adding Risperidone to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Improves Chronic Depression (1998)

O'Connor, Manjula MBBS, DPM, MMed (Geriatrics), FRANZCP; Silver, Henry MBBS, BMed Sci, DPM, FRANZCP Author Information
Revealing overburden and reservoir complexity with high-resolution FWI (2016)

The use of acoustic FWI as a velocity model building tool has by now been well-documented in numerous publications. The vast majority of the published studies share two characteristics: (i) FWI is only using refracted arrivals and very low frequencies, typically less than 10 Hz; (ii) velocity models generated with FWI are only used to produce better migrations, but do not possess the resolution to be directly interpretable. We present here an FWI field data application, that differs from common practice in two substantial ways: (i) the input seismic data set is dominated by reflections, with no appreciable amounts of refracted energy; (ii) FWI products were generated with sufficient high-frequency bandwidth (40 Hz), to be directly interpretable. We found that FWI provided significant benefits for imaging and sub-surface interpretation. The FWI velocity model resolved the velocity complexity associated with shallow gas pockets, and enabled us to mitigate imaging distortions at the target intervals. In addition, FWI uncovered a scale of sub-surface information typically unavailable on standard migrated sections, in effect filling-in the low wavenumbers that correspond to frequencies below the traditional seismic bandwidth. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 18, 2016 Start Time: 3:20:00 PM Location: 162/164 Presentation Type: ORAL
Uncooled 25-Gb/s 2-km transmission of a 1.3-&#x00B5;m surface-emitting laser (2010)

Uncooled 25-Gb/s transmission of a 1.3-μm surface-emitting laser is demonstrated. A fabricated laser, which consists of an InGaAlAs-MQW DFB active stripe and surface-mountable structure, exhibited clear 25-Gb/s eye openings after 2-km SMF transmission up to 85°C.
Characterization of a <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> gene encoding a lipoprotein antigen (1991)

A prominent 19 kDa surface antigen of Legionella pneumophila, cloned in Escherichia coli, was found to be intimately associated with peptidoglycan. The DNA region encoding this antigen was mapped on an 11.9 kb plasmid by means of deletion analysis and transposon mutagenesis. PhoA+ gene fusions, gene-rated by TnphoA insertions into this region, confirmed the presence of a gene encoding a secreted protein. PhoA+ transposon insertions were also associated with loss of the 19 kDa antigen in immunoassays using a monoclonal antibody (mAb1E9) and the replacement of the 19 kDa antigen with larger fusion proteins in immunoblots using Legionella immune serum. A 1540bp PstI fragment carrying the gene was sequenced, and the open reading frame encoding the antigen was identified. The gene encodes a polypeptide 176 amino acid residues long and 18913Da in size. The presence of a signal sequence of 22 amino acids with a consensus sequence for cleavage by signal peptidase II indicates that the antigen is a lipoprotein, and striking similarity with peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (PALs) from E. coli (51% amino acid homology) and Haemophilus influenzae (55% homology) is noted. We conclude that the 19kDa antigen of L. pneumophila is the structural equivalent of the PAL found in other Gram-negative species and suggest that its post-translational acylation may explain its potency as an immunogen.
Histone Deacetylase 3 Interacts with Runx2 to Repress the Osteocalcin Promoter and Regulate Osteoblast Differentiation (2004)

The Runt domain transcription factor Runx2 (AML-3, and Cbfa1) is essential for osteoblast development, differentiation, and bone formation. Runx2 positively or negatively regulates osteoblast gene expression by interacting with a variety of transcription cofactor complexes. In this study, we identified a trichostatin A-sensitive autonomous repression domain in the amino terminus of Runx2. Using a candidate approach, we found that histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3 interacts with the amino terminus of Runx2. In transient transfection assays, HDAC3 repressed Runx2-mediated activation of the osteocalcin promoter. HDAC inhibitors and HDAC3-specific short hairpin RNAs reversed this repression. In vivo, Runx2 and HDAC3 associated with the osteocalcin promoter. These data indicate that HDAC3 regulates Runx2-mediated transcription of osteoblast genes. Suppression of HDAC3 in MC3T3 preosteoblasts by RNA interference accelerated the expression of Runx2 target genes, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein but did not significantly alter Runx2 levels. Matrix mineralization also occurred earlier in HDAC3-suppressed cells, but alkaline phosphatase expression was not affected. Thus, HDAC3 regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Although HDAC3 is likely to affect the activity of multiple proteins in osteoblasts, our data show that it actively regulates the transcriptional activity of the osteoblast master protein, Runx2.
Pediatrics in Art (1974)

A 19th century miniature brass sculpture of the Ashanti in Africa shows the use of enemas in children. Enemas were required because of the binding diet of these peoples, consisting largely of plantain, yams, and cassava.
Enhancing Effects of Medium Chain Aliphatic Alcohols and Esters on the Permeation of 6-Carboxyfluorescein and Indomethacin through Rat Skin (2003)

Medium chain aliphatic alcohols (C8-C12) and methyl or propyl esters of medium chain fatty acids (C8-C12) enhanced the permeation of 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF) and indomethacin (IND) through excised rat skin. The enhancing effects of the aliphatic alcohols for 6-CF and IND decreased with the increase in carbon chain length. The dependence on the carbon chain length was different from that exhibited by medium-chain fatty acids previously reported. In the case of fatty acid esters, the enhancing effects were lower than those of aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids. The relationship between the enhancing effects and the total number of carbon atoms in the esters was different for 6-CF and IND. The dependence on the total number of carbon atoms was similar to that in the aliphatic alcohols for 6-CF, and greater effects were observed in the shorter esters. On the other hand, no definite trends were observed for IND. Although the relationships between the structure and skin permeation-enhancing effect of the aliphatic alcohols and fatty acid esters used in this study are not yet fully understood, they are possible candidates as permeation enhancers for hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Further experiments, including examination of the location and environment of the lipophilic carbon chain and hydrophilic groups of such enhancers in the stratum corneum, are needed to optimize transdermal delivery systems containing them.
Deprotonation reactions of multiply protonated ubiquitin ions (1994)

The gas-phase deprotonation reactions of multiply protonated ubiquitin ions have been studied in a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Electrospray ionization was used to generate ubiquitin ions with attachment of 7-13 protons. Rate constants were measured for the reactions of these protein ions with four amines: n-propylamine, di-n-propylamine, tri-n-propylamine, and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-diaminobutane. The gas-phase basicities of the amines ranged from 210.1 kcal/mol to 232.6 kcal/mol. The rate constants were found to increase as the charge state of the ion increased and as the basicity of the amine increased. Several reactions proceed at near the collision rate and have rate constants in excess of 10(-8) cm3 molecule-1 s-1. With the more basic reactants, multiple protons could be stripped sequentially from ubiquitin ions at roughly equivalent rates, suggesting that these protons are attached to sites with similar basicities. In general, deprotonation occurs if the gas-phase basicity of the amine is within 10 kcal/mol of the intrinsic gas-phase basicity of the amino acid residue being deprotonated. For [M+nH]n+, n = 4-6, nonlinear pseudo-first-order kinetic behavior indicated the presence of multiple ion structures. Kinetic, structural and thermodynamic aspects of these reactions are discussed.
SS-31 attenuates TNF-α induced cytokine release from C2C12 myotubes (2015)

TNF-α is a key inflammatory mediator and is proposed to induce transcriptional responses via the mitochondrial generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of TNF-α on the production of myokines by skeletal muscle. Significant increases were seen in the release of IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5 and KC/CXCL1 and this release was inhibited by treatment with Brefeldin A, suggesting a golgi-mediated release of cytokines by muscle cells. An increase was also seen in superoxide in response to treatment with TNF-α, which was localised to the mitochondria and this was also associated with activation of NF-κB. The changes in superoxide, activation of NF-kB and release of myokines were attenuated following pre-treatment with SS-31 peptide indicating that the ability of TNF-α to induce myokine release may be mediated through mitochondrial superoxide, which is, at least in part, associated with activation of the redox sensitive transcription factor NF-kB.
ZLD1122, a novel EZH2 and EZH1 small molecular inhibitor, blocks H3K27 methylation and diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell growth (2016)

Here, we reported a novel, selective, small-molecule inhibitor of EZH2 and EZH1 synthesized by us, ZLD1122, which inhibited both EZH1 and wild type and mutant EZH2 activities with nanomolar potency.
Demonstration of a curved sidewall grating demultiplexer on silicon (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a new type of waveguide multiplexer device designed for silicon photonics, with a crosstalk level as low as -35 dB and an operational wavelength range of 300 nm. A compact device footprint of only 100 × 160 µm2 offers an excellent potential for integration with other silicon nanophotonic circuits.
Making New Drugs via Combinatorial Chemistry (1996)

DRUG DEVELOPMENT, as a problemsolving enterprise, uses a combination of two different approaches—one deductive, the other inductive. The deductive approach is characterized by a shotgun approach of testing a host of compounds thought to have specific pharmacologic properties to see which have the greatest effect on the test subject. The process moves from generalized knowledge to specific application and has always been time-consuming and labor-intensive. The inductive approach, which is considered more intellectually challenging, starts with a structural understanding of a drug's binding site to more narrowly search for, or design and synthesize, its specific complement. This structure-based design approach moves from specific information to more generalized application. Structure-based design has made substantial strides in the past decade. Six months ago, for example, Jane E. Brody in the<i>New York Times</i>(November 7, 1995) described the work of a Cornell University research team that received a $3.3 million grant from
Nonvolatile memory and antifuse behavior in Pt∕a-TiO2∕Ag structures (2008)

Stable nonvolatile conductivity switching and antifuse behavior have been observed in amorphous-TiO2 films in 0.002cm2 Ag/amorphous-TiO2∕Pt structures. Resistivity switching from a high resistance state of ∼108Ω to a low resistance state of 1.5Ω occurs typically at a positive bias threshold of ∼0.74V. As expected for a metal-oxide-metal structure, Fowler–Nordheim conduction dominates the high resistance state while the low resistance state is assumed to be due to electric field induced conducting filaments of Ag. For a total charge of &gt;100mC under positive bias, antifuse behavior is evidenced. Stability and reversibility of the resistive switching and antifuse behavior were studied.
FWI without low frequency data - beat tone inversion (2014)

Summary Inspired by interference beat tone, a phenomenon commonly used by musicians for tuning check, we developed a novel full waveform inversion (FWI) method called beat inversion for reliable velocity model building without low frequency seismic data. In this new method, by utilizing two recorded seismic waves with slightly different frequencies propagating through subsurface, we are able to extract very low wavenumber (large scale structure) components from high frequency seismic data. With the conventional FWI algorithms, this type of long wavelength information can only be obtained by inverting low frequency seismic data. We designed and investigated two algorithms for this new method, one is the so-called amplitude-frequency differentiation (AFD) beat inversion, and the other is the phase-frequency differentiation (PFD) beat inversion. The AFD algorithm works for transmission seismic data with accurate amplitude measurement. The PFD is a more robust algorithm applicable for both transmission data and reflection data inversion and can be used for complex velocity model building applications. The mathematical analysis and the numerical experiment validate that this new FWI algorithm overcomes the long existing difficulty in FWI #x2013; the cycle-skipping issue. Another unique and important feature of the PFD beat inversion algorithm is that it does not require accurate source estimation and it is insensitive to amplitude measurement error. The numerical example shows that, with high frequency seismic data, the beat inversion method produces very smooth velocity model with large scale structural information properly recovered. On the other hand, if we invert the same frequency seismic data using the conventional FWI algorithm, many artifacts arising from cycle-skipping are observed and the inversion is trapped in local minima.
A water soluble extract from <i>Uncaria tomentosa</i> (Cat's Claw) is a potent enhancer of DNA repair in primary organ cultures of human skin (2006)

Cat's Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) water extracts, essentially free of oxindole alkaloids, have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of biological activity including DNA repair enhancement and antiinflammatory properties. These two biological mechanisms are key molecular targets to develop treatments that protect skin exposed to ultraviolet light from the sun. Because C-Med-100, a Cat's Claw water extract, is the only documented natural source of components that can up-regulate simultaneously both DNA repair and antiinflammation, its ability to modulate DNA repair in human skin organ cultures was undertaken. For this purpose skin cultures were treated with or without 5 mg/mL C-Med-100, irradiated with 0-100 mJ/cm2 UVB, and microscopically analysed for necrosis as well as the level of pyrimidine dimers using immunofluorescent TT-dimer antibody staining. The data clearly demonstrated that co-incubation with C-Med-100 reduced skin cell death from UV exposure, and this protection was accounted for by a concomitant increase in DNA repair. Based on these results, it was concluded that C-Med-100 was a natural plant extract worthy of further consideration as a sunscreen product.
Identification and Functional Characterization of the <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae lbpB</i> Gene Product (1999)

We cloned lbpB, encoding a predicted 80-kDa lipoprotein, upstream of lbpA. A nonpolar mutant (LbpB- LbpA+) had normal lactoferrin (LF) binding and grew normally with LF as an iron source, whereas LbpB- LbpA- and LbpB+ LbpA- strains had reduced binding of LF and did not grow with LF as an iron source. LbpB bound LF directly in an affinity purification, suggesting that LbpB might play a still-uncharacterized role in the LF iron utilization.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Overexpression Is Associated with Poor Survival in Patients with Resected Muscle Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma (2016)

Our result showed that FGFR1 expression, but not FGFR3, is an adverse prognostic factor in muscle invasive UC patients after radical cystectomy. FGFR1 might be feasible for prognosis prediction and a potential therapeutic target after thorough validation in muscle invasive UC.
Regulation of Escherichia coli purF. Mutations that define the promoter, operator, and purine repressor gene. (1988)

Mutations were constructed in vitro which identify the -35 promoter element and the operator site of the Escherichia coli purF operon as well as confirm the -10 promoter sequence. The operator was localized by a two-base change at positions -26 and -27, relative to the start of transcription. This mutation abolished repression of a purF-lacZ fusion. In the wild-type, repression of single copy and multicopy purF-lacZ constructs was equally effective. This indicates that cells contain a greater than 100-fold excess of purR-encoded repressor than is needed to regulate the chromosomal purF operon. Thus, cells contain sufficient repressor to regulate the other pur regulon genes. Two independent purR mutations were isolated which abolished repression of purF and purF-lacZ. We conclude that there is a single repressor protein-operator regulatory system to sense purine or purine nucleotide pools.
Graphene Glass from Direct CVD Routes: Production and Applications (2016)

Recently, direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on various types of glasses has emerged as a promising route to produce graphene glass, with advantages such as tunable quality, excellent film uniformity and potential scalability. Crucial to the performance of this graphene-coated glass is that the outstanding properties of graphene are fully retained for endowing glass with new surface characteristics, making direct-CVD-derived graphene glass versatile enough for developing various applications for daily life. Herein, recent advances in the synthesis of graphene glass, particularly via direct CVD approaches, are presented. Key applications of such graphene materials in transparent conductors, smart windows, simple heating devices, solar-cell electrodes, cell culture medium, and water harvesters are also highlighted.
Some Observations on the Random Packing of Hard Ellipsoids (2006)

Recent studies of random packing of ellipsoids show a cusplike increase in the packing density as the aspect ratio deviates from 1 (spheres) followed by a maximum and then a strong density decrease at a higher aspect ratio. We introduce a simple one-dimensional model, the “Paris” parking problem with ellipses randomly oriented along a curb, with many of the same features. Our results suggest that the cusp results from approaching a terminal (jammed) random state, the density increase results from relaxing a parameter constraint (orientation or size of a particle) in the random packing, and the density decrease results from excluded volume effects. We also discuss the isostatic conjecture for strict and local jamming.