gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient multiplexing method for addressing large numbers of electrodes in a visual neuroprosthesis (2005)

Recent clinical trials using modified cochlear implants employ a small number of electrodes to stimulate surviving retinal neurons in blind patients and indicate that spatially-mapped phosphenes may indeed be elicited through these means. The next obvious step forward in the path toward achieving a useful visual prosthesis for the blind will be to increase the quantity of stimulation sites such that shapes, characters and rudimentary images may be conveyed. An important objective that must be obtained in the pursuit of this task is the ability to configure and deliver the stimulation with sufficient speed so as to avoid delays that are perceived by the patient as flicker within the visual scene. As the quantity of electrodes within the prosthesis increases, so too does the complexity of achieving this objective. This paper describes a means through which large numbers of electrode sites may be efficiently addressed in a neurostimulation circuit so as to increase the rate at which said circuit may be configured for the delivery of stimulation.
Human-Aware Motion Deblurring (2020)

This paper proposes a human-aware deblurring model that disentangles the motion blur between foreground (FG) humans and background (BG). The proposed model is based on a triple-branch encoder-decoder architecture. The first two branches are learned for sharpening FG humans and BG details, respectively; while the third one produces global, harmonious results by comprehensively fusing multi-scale deblurring information from the two domains. The proposed model is further endowed with a supervised, human-aware attention mechanism in an end-to-end fashion. It learns a soft mask that encodes FG human information and explicitly drives the FG/BG decoder-branches to focus on their specific domains. To further benefit the research towards Human-aware Image Deblurring, we introduce a large-scale dataset, named HIDE, which consists of 8,422 blurry and sharp image pairs with 65,784 densely annotated FG human bounding boxes. HIDE is specifically built to span a broad range of scenes, human object sizes, motion patterns, and background complexities. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks and our dataset demonstrate that our model performs favorably against the state-of-the-art motion deblurring methods, especially in capturing semantic details.
Comparative Immunoreactive Profiles of Japanese and American Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis against Mitochondrial Autoantigens (1992)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has been described among various ethnic and racial populations in all parts of the world. However, the incidence and prevalence of PBC varies considerably in different geographic areas. It has the highest frequency in Northern Europe, is considerably lower in Japan and still lower in other parts of Asia. There has not hitherto been a detailed immunological profile of antimitochondrial antibodies according to geographic region. We have used recombinant or purified preparations from the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase enzyme complexes, the major mitochondrial autoantigens in PBC (PDC-E2, BCOADC-E2, OGDC, protein X and PDC-E1 alpha) to compare the reactivity of sera from either similarly staged sera from Japanese (n = 23) or American-Caucasian patients (n = 39) with PBC. In all cases, the first available sera following diagnosis was selected. Interestingly, only 65% of Japanese patients reacted by ELISA with PDC-E2 compared with more than 95% of the North American group. Moreover, the level of enzyme-inhibitory antibodies to PDC was lower in the Japanese. Our findings prompt the need for characterization of specific susceptibility genes and environmental factors in various parts of the world to clarify the etiology of PBC.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethoxylation of Arenes: Synthesis of ortho‐Trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives by OCF<sub>3</sub> Migration. (2015)

Abstract N‐protected N‐arylhydroxylamines are initially O‐trifluoromethylated prior to a thermally induced migration of the CF 3 ‐O‐group from the amino function to the ortho‐position of the attached arene.
Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Sheets Can Regenerate Periodontal Ligament Tissue in an Athymic Rat Model (2005)

Conventional periodontal regeneration methods remain insufficient to attain complete and reliable clinical regeneration of periodontal tissues. We have developed a new method of cell transplantation using cell sheet engineering and have applied it to this problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cell sheets retrieved from culture on unique temperature-responsive culture dishes, and to examine whether these cell sheets can regenerate periodontal tissues. The HPDL cell sheets were examined histologically and biochemically, and also were transplanted into a mesial dehiscence model in athymic rats. HPDL cells were harvested from culture dishes as a contiguous cell sheet with abundant extracellular matrix and retained intact integrins that are susceptible to trypsin-EDTA treatment. In the animal study, periodontal ligament-like tissues that include an acellular cementum-like layer and fibrils anchoring into this layer were identified in all the athymic rats transplanted with HPDL cell sheets. This fibril anchoring highly resembles native periodontal ligament fibers; such regeneration was not observed in nontransplanted controls. These results suggest that this technique, based on the concept of cell sheet engineering, can be useful for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Universal Reusable Polymer Support for Oligonucleotide Synthesis (2004)

A new efficient reusable universal polymer support for oligonucleotide synthesis, based on a non-ammoniacal cleavable linker, is described. Twenty six cycles of oligonucleotide synthesis have been carried out without compromising the quality of the fully deprotected oligonucleotides.
Multiple interactions between the alpha2C- and beta1-adrenergic receptors influence heart failure survival (2008)

Multiple polymorphisms act synergistically between the ADRA2C and ADRB1 genes to increase risk of death or cardiac transplant in heart failure patients.
TIMING DESIGN OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS (1986)

A method of optimizing signal timing by the use of a linear programming technique is described. The linear program is based on the premise that the green time given to each traffic movement in the signal cycle must be long enough to handle the traffic coming into the intersection in one cycle. The linear programming method gives minimum signal phase times, minimum cycle time, and critical movements. The optimum signal phase times and cycle time can also be obtained in a nondirect manner. The linear programming method may be used as an off-line tool to analyze signal timing or it may be adopted as the basis for developing a new local controller for critical intersections of centrally controlled systems. When used as an off-line tool, the linear programming method is very effective for what if analysis of traffic signal timing problems.
Load-tolerant differentiation with active queue management (2000)

Current work in the IETF aims at providing service differentiation on the Internet. One proposal is to provide loss differentiation by assigning levels of drop procedence to IP packets. In this paper, we evaluate the active queue management (AQM) mechanisms RED In and Out (RIO) and Weighted RED (WRED) in providing levels of drop precedence under different loads. For low drop precedence traffic, FIO and WRED can be configured to offer sheltering (i.e., low drop precedence traffic is protected from losses caused by higher drop precedence traffic). However, if traffic control fails or is inaccurate, such configurations can cause starvation of traffic at high drop precedence levels. Configuring WRED to instead offer relative differentiation can eliminate the risk of starvation. However, WRED cannot, without reconfiguration, both offer sheltering when low drop precedence traffic is properly controlled and avoid starvation at overload of low drop precedence traffic. To achieve this, we propose a new AQM mechanism, WRED with Thresholds (WRT). The benefit of WRT is that, without reconfiguration, it offers sheltering when low drop precedence traffic is properly controlled and relative differentiation otherwise. We present simulations showing that WRT has these properties.
Unified Logical Effort—A Method for Delay Evaluation and Minimization in Logic Paths With $RC$ Interconnect (2009)

The unified logical effort (ULE) model for delay evaluation and minimization in paths composed of CMOS logic gates and resistive wires is presented. The method provides conditions for timing optimization while overcoming the limitations of standard logical effort (LE) in the presence of interconnects. The condition for optimal gate sizing in a logic path with long wires is also presented. This condition is achieved when the delay component due to the gate input capacitance is equal to the delay component due to the effective output resistance of the gate. The ULE delay model unifies the problems of gate sizing and repeater insertion: In the case of negligible interconnect, the ULE method converges to standard LE optimization, yielding tapered gate sizes. In the case of long wires, the solution converges toward uniform sizing of gates and repeaters. The technique is applied to various types of logic paths to demonstrate the influence of wire length, gate type, and technology.
Identification of novel <i>EGFR</i> ectodomain mutations based on a large database of clinical circulating cell-free DNA sequencing tests. (2016)

e23167 Identification of novel EGFR ectodomain (ECD) mutations based on a database of clinical circulating cell-free DNA sequencing testsBackground: The Cancer Genome Atlas primarily sequenced early stage, treatment-naïve cancers, whereas our laboratory primarily sequences treatment refractory metastatic solid tumors. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) next generation sequencing (NGS) has enhanced sensitivity, which may aid in the detection of emerging resistant clones. In patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) EGFRECD mutations are associated with acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapies. Here we report the frequencies of ECD mutations in patients with mCRC. Methods: Guardant360 is a cfDNA NGS test targeting 70 genes with complete exon sequencing for single nucleotide variants (SNVs), including all 28 exons in EGFR. Analytical sensitivity ranges to 0.05% mutant allele fraction (MAF) with analytic specificity for SNVs > 99.9999%. The 25th, 50th and 75thpercentile MAF for all 13,987 patients tested from June 2014 through January 2016 were 0.2%, 0.4% and 2.5%. Results: From 2014-2016 1,347 tests were performed on 1,257 patients with mCRC. Exon 12 EGFR SNVs [median MAF(range)] with > 3 recurrences were: 8 S464X [0.9%(0.1-3.1)]; 18 G465X [0.5%(.1-3.1); 3 K467X [0.3%(.2-1.0)]; 4 I491X [0.9%(0.3-1.6)]; 11 S492X [2.1%(0.3-5.1)]. Two novel EGFR SNVs were: 20 V441X [1.3%(0.1-2.8)]; and 5 S442X [0.2%(.1-2.7)]. Range of EGFR SNVs per case was 1-6, with a single hypermutated case demonstrating many resistance sub-clones: 6 EGFR exon 12 SNVs, and 4 KRAS and 3 NRAS SNVs in codons 12 and 61, and an STRN-ALKfusion at 0.1% MAF. Conclusions: A database of cfDNA NGS results in patients with mCRC revealed EGFR ECD SNVs known to drive anti-EGFR therapy resistance. Two spatially co-located SNVs of unknown significance were discovered, and these occurred in some cases at the highest MAF of EGFR SNVs. This analysis suggests that these two novel SNVs may function as major drivers of clonal resistance.
Measurement of topographic surface slopes using polarimetric SAR images (2002)

A processing technique for polarimetric SAR data has been developed which produces profiles of terrain slope in the along-track (or azimuthal) direction. Using P-band data, slope profiles have been obtained for forest scattering conditions (biomass, soil moisture...) prevalent in the Black Forest near Freiburg, Germany. The radar-measured slope (and derived elevation) profiles have low RMS errors and high correlation values when compared with a digital-elevation map for the area. The algorithm has also been successfully tested in nearby non-forested regions, and is capable of adaptively transitioning across forest/field boundaries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Four <i>Plasmodium</i> Species by Genus- and Species-Specific Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Clinical Diagnosis (2007)

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a novel nucleic acid amplification method, was developed for the clinical detection of four species of human malaria parasites: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP in comparison with the results of microscopic examination and nested PCR. LAMP showed a detection limit (analytical sensitivity) of 10 copies of the target 18S rRNA genes for P. malariae and P. ovale and 100 copies for the genus Plasmodium, P. falciparum, and P. vivax. LAMP detected malaria parasites in 67 of 68 microscopically positive blood samples (sensitivity, 98.5%) and 3 of 53 microscopically negative samples (specificity, 94.3%), in good agreement with the results of nested PCR. The LAMP reactions yielded results within about 26 min, on average, for detection of the genus Plasmodium, 32 min for P. falciparum, 31 min for P. vivax, 35 min for P. malariae, and 36 min for P. ovale. Accordingly, in comparison to the results obtained by microscopy, LAMP had a similar sensitivity and a greater specificity and LAMP yielded results similar to those of nested PCR in a shorter turnaround time. Because it can be performed with a simple technology, i.e., with heat-treated blood as the template, reaction in a water bath, and inspection of the results by the naked eye because of the use of a fluorescent dye, LAMP may provide a simple and reliable test for routine screening for malaria parasites in both clinical laboratories and malaria clinics in areas where malaria is endemic.
Performance metrics and design parameters for an FSO communications link based on multiplexing of multiple orbital-angular-momentum beams (2014)

We investigate the design parameters for an OAM multiplexing-based free-space optical data link by analyzing power loss, channel crosstalk, and power penalty of the link, considering the misalignment between the transmitter and receiver (displacement, angular error, or their combination). Given a specific link distance, a transmitted beam size design approach is suggested. In addition, we also provide a trade-off approach to design proper transmitter and receiver aperture sizes and mode spacing of the transmitted OAM beams under a certain displacement or angular error. Our simulation indicates that (1) system with a larger beam size and a larger aperture seems to be more tolerant to the displacement but less tolerant to the receiver angular error. (2) system with a small mode spacing shows lower system power penalty under a small displacement or receiver angular error, while a larger mode spacing shows lower power penalty when the displacement or receiver angular error is above a certain threshold.
Soybean Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus (2020)

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) occurs in all soybean-growing areas in the world and causes huge losses in soybean yields and seed quality. During early viral infection, molecular interactions between SMV effector proteins and the soybean resistance (R) protein, if present, determine the development of resistance/disease in soybean plants. Depending on the interacting strain and cultivar, R-protein in resistant soybean perceives a specific SMV effector, which triggers either the extreme silent resistance or the typical resistance manifested by hypersensitive responses and induction of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. In this review, we consider the major advances that have been made in understanding the soybean-SMV arms race. We also focus on dissecting mechanisms SMV employs to establish infection and how soybean perceives and then responds to SMV attack. In addition, progress on soybean <i>R</i>-genes studies, as well as those addressing independent resistance genes, are also addressed.
Evaluation of Short-Chain Polypeptides as An Osmotic Agent in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (1994)

Short-chain polypeptides are absorbed less than glucose and can be used as an osmotic agent in CAPD patients. However, longer-term studies are needed to evaluate possible additional effects of peptides on the nutritional status of CAPD patients.
Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of different sugar-modified pyrimidine and purine nucleosides (1988)

A series of base-modified pyrimidine 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxynucleosides and 3'-substituted purine and pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in MT-4 cells. The following pyrimidine derivatives emerged as the most potent and/or selective inhibitors of HIV-induced cytopathogenicity (in order of decreasing selectivity: 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (AzddUrd), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine (AzddMeCyd), 3'-fluoro-ddUrd (FddUrd), 3'-fluoro-ddThd (FddThd), the N4-hydroxylated derivative of AzddMeCyd and the N4-methylated derivative of AzddMeCyd. Among the purine 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine (AzddGuo), 3'-fluoro-ddGuo (FddGuo), and 3'-fluoro-2,6-diaminopurine 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside (FddDAPR) were the most selective inhibitors of HIV replication.
Athermal silicon microring electro-optic modulator (2012)

We demonstrate a new class of passively temperature stabilized resonant silicon electro-optic modulators. The modulators consist of a ring resonator coupled to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with tailored thermal properties. We demonstrate 2 GHz continuous modulation over a temperature range of 35 °C and describe the scalability and design rules for such a device.
Convolutional Neural Network-based Media Noise Prediction and Equalization for TDMR Turbo-detection with Write/Read TMR (2022)

This paper presents a turbo-detection system consisting of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based equalizer, a Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) trellis detector, a CNN-based media noise predictor (MNP), and a low-density parity-check (LDPC) channel decoder for two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR). The BCJR detector, CNN MNP, and LDPC decoder iteratively exchange soft information to maximize the areal density (AD) subject to a bit error rate (BER) constraint. Simulation results employing a realistic grain switching probabilistic (GSP) media model show that the proposed system is quite robust to track-misregistration (TMR). Compared to a I-D pattern-dependent noise prediction (PDNP) baseline with soft intertrack interference (ITI) subtraction, the system achieves 0.34% AD gain with read-TMR alone and 0.69% with write- and read-TMR together.
Developing antineoplastic agents that target peroxisomal enzymes: cytisine-linked isoflavonoids as inhibitors of hydroxysteroid 17-beta-dehydrogenase-4 (HSD17B4) (2017)

Cytisine-linked isoflavonoids (CLIFs) inhibited PC-3 prostate and LS174T colon cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting a peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme. A pull-down assay using a biologically active, biotin-modified CLIF identified the target of these agents as the bifunctional peroxisomal enzyme, hydroxysteroid 17β-dehydrogenase-4 (HSD17B4). Additional studies with truncated versions of HSD17B4 established that CLIFs specifically bind the C-terminus of HSD17B4 and selectively inhibited the enoyl CoA hydratase but not the d-3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity. HSD17B4 was overexpressed in prostate and colon cancer tissues, knocking down HSD17B4 inhibited cancer cell proliferation, suggesting that HSD17B4 is a potential biomarker and drug target and that CLIFs are potential probes or therapeutic agents for these cancers.
Thiophene-based poly(arylene ethers). 4. Synthesis of poly(arylene ether sulfones) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiophene-based poly(arylene ethers). 4. Synthesis of poly(arylene ether sulfones)R. S. Archibald, V. V. Sheares, E. T. Samulski, and J. M. DeSimoneCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 25, 7083–7085Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00077a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00077a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A fully automated CT-based airway segmentation algorithm using deep learning and topological leakage detection and branch augmentation approaches (2019)

Quantitative CT-based characterization of bronchial morphology is widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related research and clinical studies. There are no fully automated airway tree segmentation methods, which is critical for large multi-site COPD studies. A critical challenge is that airway segmentation failures, e.g., leakages or early truncation, in even a small fraction of cases warrants manual intervention for all cases. In this paper, we present a fullyautomated CT-based hybrid algorithm for human airway segmentation that combines both deep learning and conventional image processing approaches. A three-dimensional (3-D) U-Net is developed to compute a voxel-level likelihood map of airway lumen space from a chest CT image at total lung capacity (TLC). This likelihood map is fed into a conventional image processing cascade that iteratively augments airway branches and removes leakages using newly developed freezeand-grow and progressive threshold parameter relaxation approaches. The new method has been applied on fifteen TLC human chest CT scans from an ongoing COPD Study and its performance has been quantitatively compared with the results of a semi-automated industry-standard software involving manual review and correction. Experimental results show significant improvements in terms of branch level accuracy using the new method as compared to the unedited results from the industry-standard method, while matching with their manually edited results. In terms of segmentation volume leakage, the new method significantly reduced segmentation leakages as compared to both unedited and edited results of the industry-standard method.