gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probiotics as potential biotherapeutics in the management of type 2 diabetes – prospects and perspectives (2012)

Diabetes mellitus is a looming epidemic worldwide, affecting almost all major sections of society, creating burdens on global health and economy. A large number of studies have identified a series of multiple risk factors such as genetic predisposition, epigenetic changes, unhealthy lifestyle, and altered gut microbiota that cause increased adiposity, β-cell dysfunction, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, adiposity, dyslipidaemia, metabolic endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, intestinal permeability (leaky gut), defective secretion of incretins and oxidative stress associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies have proposed multifactorial interventions including dietary manipulation in the management of T2D. The same interventions have also been recommended by many national and international diabetes associations. These studies are aimed at deciphering the gut microbial influence on health and disease. Interestingly, results from several genomic, metagenomic and metabolomic studies have provided substantial information to target gut microbiota by dietary interventions for the management of T2D. Probiotics particularly lactobacilli and bifidobacteria have recently emerged as the prospective biotherapeutics with proven efficacy demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo animal models adequately supported with their established multifunctional roles and mechanism of action for the prevention and disease treatment. The dietary interventions in conjunction with probiotics - a novel multifactorial strategy to abrogate progression and development of diabetes - hold considerable promise through improving the altered gut microbial composition and by targeting all the possible risk factors. This review will highlight the new developments in probiotic interventions and future prospects for exploring probiotic therapy in the prevention and control of lifestyle diseases like T2D.
Production of type 2 cytokines by CD8+ lung cells is associated with greater decline in pulmonary function in patients with systemic sclerosis (1999)

The type 2 pattern of cytokine mRNA produced by BAL cells from SSc patients differs from unopposed IFNgamma production found in healthy BAL cells. This production of type 2 cytokine mRNA by CD8+ T cells is associated with a significant decline in lung function over time, which suggests a pathologic role for these T cells in interstitial fibrosis in SSc.
Building Automation Routing Requirements in Low-Power and Lossy Networks (2010)

The Routing Over Low-Power and Lossy (ROLL) networks Working Group has been chartered to work on routing solutions for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) in various markets: industrial, commercial (building), home, and urban networks. Pursuant to this effort, this document defines the IPv6 routing requirements for building automation.
Computing 3-D Location and Shape Parameters of Cones Using Structured Lights. (1999)

The paper proposes a simple method to determine the 3-D location and shape parameters of a right circular cone using structured lights. A vital concept in the proposed method is to convert the complex curved stripe pattern into an equivalent, but simpler, linear stripe pattern. The conic surface patch lying between two visible silhouette edges is replaced by the plane defined by the two silhouette edges that cut the cone. The appropriate geometric models are given to compute the cone axis and shape parameters representing the height of the cone and the radius of the cone base. For successful application of the proposed measurement method, the sensing environment must be in a proper geometric configuration such that the required cone cutting plane and the two silhouette edges can be constructed. It is pointed out that in terms of a Gaussian sphere representation, there always exists such a right geometric configuration for the cone measurement. Experimental results are given for the measurement of three cones of different sizes. The results show that the method is reasonably accurate and robust against noise in the extracted stripe data.
Efficient<i>K</i>α x-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas (1994)

We have performed a detailed quantitative study of the intense electron pulse produced by nonlinear absorption during ultrafast laser-solid interaction at near normal incidence. The resulting K\ensuremath{\alpha} x-ray lines have been investigated by time-integrated spectroscopy in the 1--4 keV range and by Monte Carlo simulations of hot electron energy penetration in Al-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ and Al-${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ targets. Calibration of the observed electron fluence and K\ensuremath{\alpha} line intensities was provided by direct monoenergetic electron beam interaction with the same target. Optimum conditions for hot electron production were obtained by setting the prepulse energy fluence close to the target damage threshold. Results indicate that K\ensuremath{\alpha} lines were produced by a distribution function of hot electrons which carry 12% of the incident laser energy with a characteristic temperature of about 8 keV. Spectrally and spatially resolved K\ensuremath{\alpha} emission measurements using a cooled charge-coupled-device detector demonstrate the scaling capabilities of this x-ray source to energies in excess of 6 keV.
Channel alternation and rotation for tri-sectored directional antenna cellular systems (2002)

Due to discrete reuse cluster sizes, disjoined and uniformed channel assignment, conventional tri-sectored cellular systems have not taken full advantage of antenna directivities. We present a novel channel alternation and rotation (CAR) scheme to coordinate channel assignment with antenna directivities. In CAR, the cell layout is based on two-tier cell-reuse structure and each cell is allocated one extra channel set for channel alternations and rotations. The extra channel set gives the network designer the flexibility to assign channels according to nearest front lobe interference avoidant strategy to enhance co-channel interference ratio (C/I). CAR allows deployment of smaller, non-integer reuse cluster sizes based on C/I requirements, thus increases frequency reuse efficiency. CAR reuse plans can increase the channel capacity up to 31.25% while still maintain comparable C/I margins. CAR is simple and can be employed in any existing directional antenna system. Therefore, it truly does not impose any additional cost.
Gradiometer Using Separated Diamond Quantum Magnetometers (2021)

The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamonds is known as the spin defect and using its electron spin, magnetometry can be realized even at room temperature with extremely high sensitivity as well as a high dynamic range. However, a magnetically shielded enclosure is usually required to sense weak magnetic fields because environmental magnetic field noises can disturb high sensitivity measurements. Here, we fabricated a gradiometer with variable sensor length that works at room temperature using a pair of diamond samples containing negatively charged NV centers. Each diamond is attached to an optical fiber to enable free sensor placement. Without any magnetically shielding, our gradiometer realizes a magnetic noise spectrum comparable to that of a three-layer magnetically shielded enclosure, reducing the noises at the low-frequency range below 1 Hz as well as at the frequency of 50 Hz (power line frequency) and its harmonics. These results indicate the potential of highly sensitive magnetic sensing by the gradiometer using the NV center for applications in noisy environments such as outdoor and in vehicles.
Stochastic Computing Correlation Utilization in Convolutional Neural Network Basic Functions (2018)

In recent years, many applications have been implemented in embedded systems and mobile Internet of Things (IoT) devices that typically have constrained resources, smaller power budget, and exhibit "smartness" or intelligence. To implement computation-intensive and resource-hungry Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in this class of devices, many research groups have developed specialized parallel accelerators using Graphical Processing Units (GPU), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), or Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC). An alternative computing paradigm called Stochastic Computing (SC) can implement CNN with low hardware footprint and power consumption. To enable building more efficient SC CNN, this work incorporates the CNN basic functions in SC that exploit correlation, share Random Number Generators (RNG), and is more robust to rounding error. Experimental results show our proposed solution provides significant savings in hardware footprint and increased accuracy for the SC CNN basic functions circuits compared to previous work.
Structures Perspective for Strength and Fatigue Prognosis in Composites with Manufacturing Irregularities (2015)

Recent advances in understanding deformation and failure mechanisms of polymer–matrix composites used in rotor structures enable accurate and efficient measurement of material stiffness, strength, and fatigue characteristics based on testing small unidirectional laminate specimens. Successful failure predictions provided increased confidence in the development of virtual test methods replacing some of the standard tests of multidirectional laminated composite materials with three-dimensional models accurately predicting deformation, damage topography, strength, and cycles to failure. However, the remaining key questions are related to the ability of transitioning the material-scale virtual test information to larger composite structures. This work presents results of the feasibility assessment targeting the scaling of knowledge and methods acquired at the material scale, to larger structural elements. In particular, manufacturing irregularities such as voids and fiber waviness are typical attributes of composite rotor structures. Therefore, a comprehensive structural analysis should be able to model such irregularities to predict structural strength and fatigue behavior.
Terahertz electro-absorption effect enabling femtosecond all-optical switching in semiconductor quantum dots (2010)

We demonstrate an instantaneous all-optical manipulation of optical absorption in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) via an electro-absorption effect induced by the electric field of an incident free-space terahertz signal. A terahertz signal with the full bandwidth of 3 THz was directly encoded onto an optical signal probing the absorption in QDs, resulting in the encoded temporal features as fast as 460 fs. The instantaneous nature of this effect enables femtosecond all-optical switching at very high repetition rates, suggesting applications in terahertz-range wireless communication systems with data rates of at least 0.5 Tbit/s.
Design and Implementation of Characteristic School-based Courses Based on Modern Curriculum Theory (2017)

The development of school-based courses has gradually become regional and characteristic under the impact of foreign advanced educational concept in combination with the new round of course reform. It is required to design and implement special supplementary courses based on â€œstudent-centered course theoryâ€, interest expansion courses based on â€œdisciplinary structure course theoryâ€ and series of study tour courses based on â€œsocial reform course theory" according to modern course theory so as to form characteristic school-based courses, guide practice with theory and develop theory with practice through standardized implementation management so as to promote sustainable development of characteristic course.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE ROCKET-ENGINE FACILITY (2010)

The ongoing developmental studies on the application of hydrogen peroxide for propulsion are briefly reviewed. A detailed design-study of a laboratory scale hydrogen peroxide mono-propellant engine of 100 N thrust is presented. For the preparation of concentrated hydrogen peroxide, a distillation facility has been realised. Results of water analogy tests are presented. Initial firings using the concentrated hydrogen peroxide were not successful. Low environmental temperature, low contact area of the catalyst pack, and contamination in the hydrogen peroxide were considered to be the reasons. Addressing the first two points resulted in successful firing of the rocket engine.
His Bundle Activates Faster than Ventricular Myocardium during Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation (2014)

During prolonged VF the activation rate of the His bundle is faster than that of the VM. This suggests that the proximal conduction system, like the distal Purkinje system, may be an important driver during long duration VF and may be a target for interventional therapy.
Compact modeling of amorphous‐silicon thin‐film transistors with BSIM3 (2008)

Abstract— A novel approach of modeling a‐Si:H TFTs with the industry‐standard BSIM3 compact model is presented. The described approach defines the a‐Si:H TFT drain current and terminal charges as explicit functions of terminal voltages using a minimum set of BSIM3 parameters. The set of BSIM3 parameters is chosen based on the electrical and physical characteristics of the a‐Si:H TFT and their values extracted from measured data. By using the selected BSIM3 model parameters, the a‐Si:H TFT is simulated inside SPICE to fit the simulated I‐V and C‐V curves with the measured results. Finally, the extracted BSIM3 model is validated by simulating the kickback voltage effect in an AMLCD pixel array.
Stretchable bioelectronics: Mitigating the challenges of the percolation threshold in conductive elastomers (2020)

Conductive polymer (CP)–elastomer composites have been proposed as an alternative to the metals conventionally used for bioelectronic devices. Being softer and more stretchable than metals such as platinum and gold, they can mitigate the adverse effects associated with mechanical mismatch and fatigue failure. Such composites are conventionally made by embedding CP particles inside an elastomeric matrix. However, to achieve such a structure, a high CP loading that reaches a percolation threshold is required. High percolation thresholds lead to the degradation of mechanical properties. This study presents an alternate approach designed to reduce the CP content while maintaining conductivity through the matrix. A poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) composite was produced by filling a CP aerogel with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This approach successfully formed a stretchable, conductive material, with only 1.8 wt. % CP. While elastic behavior was observed at low strain, the composite displayed plastic deformation at high strain (&gt;20%). Future improvements will focus on the modification of the PEDOT:PSS–PDMS interface, to improve interaction of the polymer components and, hence, mechanical stability within the construct.
Synthesis of Polymers by Using Fluorene. VI. Free-Radical and Anionic Polymerizations of 9-Fluorenyl and 9-Phenyl-9-fluorenyl Methacrylates (1986)

Abstract 9-Fluorenyl (FMA) and 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl methacrylates (PFMA) were prepared from methacryloyl chloride with 9-fluorenol and from silver methacrylate with 9-phenyl-9-fluorenyl chloride, respectively. The polymerizations of FMA and PFMA were studied by using α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), and n-BuLi-(−)-sparteine (Sp) complex in toluene and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Only PFMA polymers obtained with the n-BuLi-Sp complex showed a specific rotation ([α]D 21 −3 to −16° in THF). The number-average molecular weights of the FMA and PFMA polymers were 7 700-16 900 and 1 400-4 700, respectively.
Highly Enantioselective Iron‐Catalyzed Sulfide Oxidation with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide under Simple Reaction Conditions (2004)

An attractive alternative to the currently existing methods for the metal-catalyzed oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides is asymmetric iron-catalyzed oxidation with hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant (see scheme). In the presence of a benzoic acid derivative, this simple process provides sulfoxides with up to 96 % ee in moderate to good yields (up to 78 %).
Delocalization Drives Free Charge Generation in Conjugated Polymer Films (2018)

We demonstrate that the product of photoinduced electron transfer between a conjugated polymer host and a dilute molecular sensitizer is controlled by the structural state of the polymer. Ordered semicrystalline solids exhibit free charge generation, while disordered polymers in the melt phase do not. We use photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements to sweep through polymer melt transitions in situ. Free charge generation measured by TRMC turns off upon melting, whereas PL quenching of the molecular sensitizers remains constant, implying unchanged electron transfer efficiency. The key difference is the intermolecular order of the polymer host in the solid state compared to the melt. We propose that this order-disorder transition modulates the localization length of the initial charge-transfer state, which controls the probability of free charge formation.
Characterization of the fluorescence spectra produced by excimer laser irradiation of the cornea. (1990)

The epithelium and stroma of bovine and human corneas were exposed to both ablative and subablative levels of 193-nm excimer laser radiation and the spectra of the induced fluorescence recorded. Two broad peaks in the emission spectra were observed, at 310 nm and 460 nm, with a difference in the relative height of these peaks between epithelium and stroma. The lower cut-off for fluorescence (260 nm) was similar for both tissues. Time-resolved measurements showed that fluorescence occurs on the nanosecond time scale, and an estimate gives the quantum yield for photons emitted in the 260-350-nm range as approximately 1 X 10(-5). The significance of these results in the evaluation of the safety of surgery with an argon fluoride excimer laser is discussed.
Solubilisation and Properties of the Sialate-4-O-Acetyltransferase from Guinea Pig Liver (2003)

The O-acetylation of sialic acids turns out to be one of the most important modifications that influence the diverse biological and pathophysiological properties of glycoconjugates in animals and microorganisms. To understand the functions of this esterification, knowledge of the properties, structures and regulation of expression of the enzymes involved is essential. Attempts to solubilise, purify or clone the gene of one of the sialate-O-acetyltransferases have failed so far. Here we report on the solubilisation of the sialate-4-O-acetyltransferase from guinea pig liver, the first and essential step in the purification and molecular characterisation of this enzyme, by the zwitterionic detergent CHAPS. This enzyme O-acetylates sialic acids at C-4 both free and bound to oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids with varying activity, however, gangliosides proved to be the best substrates. Correspondingly, a rapid enzyme test was elaborated using the ganglioside GD3. The soluble O-acetyltransferase maximally operated at 30 degrees C, pH 5.6, and 50-70 mM KCl and K2HPO4 concentrations. The Km values were 3.6 microM for AcCoA and 1.2 microM for GD3. CoA inhibits the enzyme with a Ki value of 14.8 microM. A most important discovery enabling further enzyme purification is its need for an unknown low molecular mass and heat-stable cofactor that can be separated from the crude enzyme preparation by 30 kDa ultrafiltration.
All-optical sub-Tbits/s serial-to-parallel conversion using excitonic giant nonlinearity (1991)

An all-optical serial-to-parallel conversion technique, which is the inverse process of the real-time pulse shaping, is reported. A conversion of 0.14-Tbits/s signals using excitonic-giant nonlinearity of ZnSe film is reported. The response of this conversion system is faster than 13 ps with a conversion efficiency of 0.1%.
Development of low density rigid gels/composites for ESP packer penetrator protection (2018)

Abstract Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) are commonly used artificial lift equipment in production wells. The ESP packer penetrator system is designed to carry the electric power cable that connects the electric motor in ESP to the surface control panel. Various chemicals downhole make up highly corrosive and hostile environments to the metal wires and their insulation materials for electric connectors. Many ESP failures could be attributed to packer penetrator failure due to corrosion of the electric connector beneath the ESP packer. A method is developed to generate a low density gel system that isolates the electric connector from downhole chemicals in order to provide prolonged protections of electric connectors against corrosive atmospheres and chemical attacks. Mixture of low-density materials/composites are prepared on the surface and then pumped into targeted place through the bypass tubing. The mixture has low density so that it travels upwards in the wellbore and floats on the top of downhole fluids. Under a given well temperature, a rigid gel/composite system forms between the electric connector and the downhole fluids, isolating the electric connector from the hostile chemicals thus providing a better protection. We have developed the low density settable material and demonstrated its performance in the lab scale. It is also scaled up to a mocked up physical simulator to observe the flow dynamics and chemical reaction in realistic geometry.
Perturbation Effects in Input-Output Forecasting (1979)

SUMMARYLeontief input-output tables can be used as a predictive tool, where the total output levels are to be forecasted, on the assumption that the surplus outputs are known precisely; but with the input-output coefficients being subject to some limited degree of perturbation.It is shown how possible perturbations in the predicted output levels can be computed precisely, by assuming that all perturbations in the coefficients take on their most positive values. Also, in a linearised form of estimate the effects of the perturbations in the coefficients are separated usefully; and it is shown how the validity of this linear approximation can be assessed.The methods are applied to a simple model of the South African economy. In this numerical exercise, the linear approximation is shown to be quite accurate and hence the sensitivity of perturbations in the individual input-output coefficients can be clearly assessed.
Sulfated fucans from echinoderms have a regular tetrasaccharide repeating unit defined by specific patterns of sulfation at the 0-2 and 0-4 positions. (1994)

Sulfated fucans from echinoderms (sea cucumber and sea urchin) have a linear backbone of 1-->3-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose with some sulfate substitution at the 2- and 4-positions. NMR spectroscopy indicates that both polysaccharides have a tetrasaccharide repeat unit in which the separate residues differ only in the extent and position of their sulfate substitution. The sea urchin fucan has the structure, [formula: see text] This type of regular structure has not previously been described, and is in contrast with the random arrangement of substituents on the similar 1-->3-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose backbone of the fucoidans from brown algae.