gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypergraph coloring and reconfigured RAM testing (1994)

RAM decoders are designed with a view to minimize the overall silicon area and critical path lengths. This can result in designs in which-physically adjacent rows (and columns) are not logically adjacent. Even if physically adjacent rows (and columns) are logically adjacent, there are other issues that preclude the possibility of identical physical and logical addresses. State-of-the-art memory chips are designed with spare rows and spare columns for reconfiguration purposes. After a memory chip is reconfigured, physically adjacent cells may no longer have consecutive logical addresses. Test algorithms used at later stages for the detection of physical neighborhood pattern sensitive faults have to consider the fact that the address mapping of the memory chip is no longer available. We present test algorithms to detect 5-cell and 9-cell physical neighborhood pattern sensitive faults and arbitrary 3-coupling faults, even if the logical and physical addresses are different and the physical-to-logical address mapping is not available. These algorithms have test lengths of O(N[log/sub 3/N]/sup 4/) and O(N[log/sub 3/N]/sup 2/), respectively, for N-bit RAMs, and are especially suited for testing reconfigured DRAMs. They also detect other conventional faults such as stuck-at faults and decoder faults. These test algorithms are based on efficiently identifying all triplets of objects among a group of n objects. We formulated this triplet identification problem as a hypergraph coloring problem, and developed an efficient 3-coloring algorithm that colors the n vertices of a complete uniform hypergraph of rank 3 such that each edge of the hypergraph is trichromatically colored in at most [log/sub 3/n]/sup 2/ coloring steps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Big data and machine learning driven handover management and forecasting (2017)

Handover (HO), as a key aspect of mobility management, plays an important role in improving network quality and mobility performance in mobile networks. Especially, in 5G networks, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) deployment of macro cells and small cells, and the deployment of ultra-dense networks (UDNs) make HO management become more challenging. Besides, the understanding of HO behavior in a cell is quite limited in existing studies, thus the forecasting HO for an individual cell is complicated, even impossible. This challenge led the authors to propose a practical process for managing and forecasting HO for a huge number of cells, based on machinelearning (ML) algorithms and big data. Moreover, based on HO forecasting, the authors also propose an approach to detect any abnormal HO in cells. The performance of the proposed approaches was evaluated by applying it to a real dataset that collected HO KPI of more than 6000 cells of a real network during the years, 2016 and 2017. The results show that the study was successful in identifying, separating HO behavior, forecasting the future number of HO attempts, and detecting abnormal HO behaviors of cells.
Videomicroscopic demonstration of defective cholinergic arteriolar vasodilation in atherosclerotic rabbit. (1988)

In atherosclerotic rabbits (SCLER), decreases in vascular resistance in response to acetylcholine (ACH), an endothelium-dependent agent, are suppressed, whereas those to nitroprusside (NP), an endothelium-independent vasodilator, are preserved. To determine whether defective vasodilation in SCLER is related to altered reactivity of resistance vessels, we visualized arterioles of rabbit cremaster muscle by videomicroscopy. Arteriolar diameter was monitored during topical (superfusional) delivery of ACh and NO, interventions that did not affect systemic hemodynamics. Diameter changes in response to NP (0.01-100.0 microM) did not differ between SCLER and controls; maximal dilations amounted to 110 +/- 10% (mean +/- SE). In contrast, responses to ACH (0.001-100 microM) differed; maximal dilations averaged 54 +/- 4% in SCLER and 124 +/- 9% in controls (P less than 0.001). These differences persisted after blockade with phentolamine, propranolol, and indomethacin. Phenidone and hydroquinone blockers of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, inhibited arteriolar dilation to ACH without affecting that to NP. Microvascular responses to intra-arterial drug were similar to those elicited by topical drug. Thus, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in the rabbit appear to produce a microvascular defect characterized by an impaired endothelium-dependent dilation and a preserved endothelium-independent dilation. This defect could play a role in limiting vasodilator reserve in atherosclerosis.
Visual Field Testing With Red Targets (1983)

Ten patients with partial temporal visual field defects were examined with a modified tangent screen projection perimeter (Auto-Plot). Defects demonstrated with an isopter for chromatic recognition of a 3-mm red stimulus could always be reproduced with an isopter for achromatic recognition of a dim, 3-mm white stimulus. The red-white intensity ratio producing equivalent fields remained constant for a given patient but varied from subject to subject (range, 3.0 to 7.5; mean, 5.7; SD, 1.8). Thus, red functioned as dim white, but no single fixed ratio of intensities was applicable to all subjects. Visual field testing with 1 foot-candle of tangent screen illumination permitted subjects to adapt to dark. As retinal sensitivities increased, the corresponding visual field steadily enlarged for 30 minutes. This effect was greater in the pathologic temporal fields, which increased relatively more than intact nasal fields. The result was poor visual field reproducibility with time.
Drivers and Barriers to Implementation of Connected, Automated, Shared, and Electric Vehicles: An Agenda for Future Research (2021)

Several converging trends appear to reshape the way citizens and goods move about. These trends are social, including urbanization and population growth, and technological, such as increased automation and connectivity. All these factors influence the market for connected, automated, shared and electric (CASE) vehicles, which presents many opportunities and challenges. The pace of the shift to a profoundly penetrated market for CASE vehicles is far from secure. Such transformation depends on the development of technologies, consumer attitudes, and policies. An expanding body of research has investigated the potential social and behavioral results of deploying CASE vehicles. However, most academic literature to date concentrates on technological issues linked to these vehicles. There are several teams from federal and state agencies, OEMs, academia, startups, and consortiums working on this complex subject. This study investigates several academic papers, as well as federal and industry reports, considering all the stakeholders mentioned above. Its aim is to present a comprehensive picture of the implementation barriers and drivers of CASE vehicle usage and provide suggestions to solve them. The findings confirm that several issues are currently affecting the implementation of CASE vehicles on the road. Although there have been significant partnerships and collaborations between CASE vehicle stakeholders, namely technology companies, federal-state agencies, and academic scholars, considerable work is still required to solve the remaining barriers facing CASE-related technologies. This would enable decision-makers to create effective policies for future transportation networks and increase the speed of CASE vehicle market penetration to enhance road network's level of service.
A recent review on lightweight cryptography in IoT (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new-fashioned technology that is the future of the next era of the internet which connect various physical objects that communicate with each other without the aid of human interactions. Security plays important role in network to prevent the unauthorized access, misuses of data, monitoring and data, modification etc. All layer in IoT architecture security considered as extremely important from viewpoint of designing criteria from bottom label to top label. IoT application is becoming important in day to day lifestyle such as healthcare, smart grid, smart home, smart parking. IoT application is useful to people but if the IoT system can't protect the user data from hacker, attacks, and vulnerabilities. Lightweight encryption is a sector of a classical cryptographic algorithm Sthat is pertinent for resource constrained devices in IoT. Related work for lightweight techniques used for secure data transmission is described in this paper.
An embedded platform for reliable applications over heterogeneous wireless networks (2008)

A variety of wireless access technologies provides todaypsilas users with pervasive access to critical content and applications. Guaranteeing a satisfactory quality of service requires reliable and ubiquitous delivery schemes that optimally use the available access technologies. This paper presents a novel architecture to support adaptive real-time data and multimedia applications over different wireless technologies. It addresses several issues associated with the satisfactory operation of applications running over heterogeneous networks. The system is validated using a real-life healthcare application capable of transmitting voice, video and medical data simultaneously. Experimental results are reported that demonstrate the viability of the approach.
Frequency estimates for statistical word similarity measures (2003)

Statistical measures of word similarity have application in many areas of natural language processing, such as language modeling and information retrieval. We report a comparative study of two methods for estimating word co-occurrence frequencies required by word similarity measures. Our frequency estimates are generated from a terabyte-sized corpus of Web data, and we study the impact of corpus size on the effectiveness of the measures. We base the evaluation on one TOEFL question set and two practice questions sets, each consisting of a number of multiple choice questions seeking the best synonym for a given target word. For two question sets, a context for the target word is provided, and we examine a number of word similarity measures that exploit this context. Our best combination of similarity measure and frequency estimation method answers 6-8% more questions than the best results previously reported for the same question sets.
Electron capture gas chromatographic detection of acethylmethylcarbinol produced by neisseria gonorrhoeae (1976)

Acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other Neisseria species was established by gas-liquid chromatography and by mass spectrometric data. Sixty-nine isolates of Neisseria were tested by incubating them in a chemically defined fluid medium. The medium was extracted with organic solvents and derivatized with heptafluorobutryic anhydride for gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cultures of 58 of the same strains were tested with the conventional Voges-Proskauer reagents, and results were compared with those of gas-liquid chromatography. When glucose was used as an energy source, N. gonorrhoeae, some N. meningitidis, and N. lactamica produced enough acetoin in 16 h to be detectable by either method, whereas other Neisseria species produce amounts detectable only by gas chromatography. The conventional acetylmethylcarbinol test with the chemically defined medium and maltose as an energy source might be used to develop methods that would differentiate certain members of the genus, including the pathogenic species.
Active zero-sequence cancellation technique in unbalanced commercial building power system (2004)

In this paper, active zero-sequence cancellation technique is proposed for unbalanced commercial building power system. A grounding zig-zag transformer is used to flow the equal harmonic currents through all transformer windings and to allow a fundamental current into utility neutral line. Lower voltage and high current rated single-phase inverter regulates only a single phase current. Then, other phase currents are equally distributed due to the zig-zag combination of the transformer. The fundamental neutral current flow in utility side is achieved by circulating harmonics into the zig-zag transformer. And the proposed control technique based on mathematical analysis is developed for unbalanced nonlinear loads normally shown in commercial office buildings. The technique requires sensing only a neutral load current and a single transformer winding current The algorithm is implemented by a digital signal processor (DSP) without any line voltage sense. Experimental results are presented to verify the analysis and to show that the proposed technique is capable to be used for zero sequence cancellation under unbalanced as well as balanced system.
A Three‐Dimensional Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Sandwich and Its Application as Electrode in Supercapacitors (2010)

Three-dimensional carbon nanotube/graphene sandwich structures with CNT pillars grown in between the graphene layers have been developed by chemical vapor deposition. The special structure endows the high-rate transportation of electrolyte ions and electrons throughout the electrode matrix, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance of this hybrid material.
Amino acid alterations essential for increasing the catalytic activity of the nylon‐oligomer‐degradation enzyme of <i>Flavobacterium</i> sp. (1991)

The structural genes of two homologous enzymes, 6-aminohexanoate-dimer hydrolase (EII; nylB) and its evolutionally related protein EII' (nylB') of Flavobacterium sp. KI72 have an open reading frame encoding a peptide of 392 amino acids, of which 47 are different, and conserved restriction sites. The specific activity of EII towards 6-aminohexanoate dimer is about 1000-fold that of EII'. Construction of various hybrid genes obtained by exchanging fragments flanked by conserved restriction sites of the two genes demonstrated that two amino acid replacements in the EII' enzyme, i.e. Gly181----Asp (EII type) and His266----Asn (EII type), enhanced the activity toward 6-aminohexanoate dimer 1000-fold.
A Microfluidic Device for Continuous-Flow Magnetically Controlled Capture and Isolation of Microparticles (2010)

This paper presents a novel microfluidic device that exploits magnetic manipulation for integrated capture and isolation of microparticles in continuous flow. The device, which was fabricated from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) by soft-lithography techniques, consists of an incubator and a separator integrated on a single chip. The incubator is based on a novel scheme termed target acquisition by repetitive traversal (TART), in which surface-functionalized magnetic beads repetitively traverse a sample to seek out and capture target particles. This is accomplished by a judicious combination of a serpentine microchannel geometry and a time-invariant magnetic field. Subsequently, in the separator, the captured target particles are isolated from nontarget particles via magnetically driven fractionation in the same magnetic field. Due to the TART incubation scheme that uses a corner-free serpentine channel, the device has no dead volume and allows minimization of undesired particle or magnetic-bead retention. Single-chip integration of the TART incubator with the magnetic-fractionation separator further allows automated continuous isolation and retrieval of specific microparticles in an integrated manner that is free of manual off-chip sample incubation, as often required by alternative approaches. Experiments are conducted to characterize the individual incubation and separation components, as well as the integrated device. The device is found to allow 90% of target particles in a sample to be captured and isolated and 99% of nontarget particles to be eliminated. With this high separation efficiency, along with excellent reliability and flexibility, the device is well suited to sorting, purification, enrichment, and detection of micro/nanoparticles and cells in lab-on-a-chip systems.
Bimorph piezoelectric flexible mirror (1979)

We describe a flexible mirror constructed from plates of glass and lead zirconium titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramic glued together. It is activated by a series of electrodes on the reverse side. An equation of state is derived, giving the surface profile as a function of the electrode voltages, and the experimental behavior of the mirror is illustrated.
The influence of anti‐wear additive ZDDP on doped and undoped diamond‐like carbon coatings (2015)

Diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coatings are recognised as a promising way to reduce friction and improve wear performance of automotive engine components. DLC coatings provide new possibilities in the improvement of the tribological performance of automotive components beyond what can be achieved with lubricant design alone. Lubricants are currently designed for metallic surfaces, the tribology of which is well defined and documented. DLC does not share this depth of tribological knowledge; thus, its practical implementation is stymied. In this work, three DLC coatings are tested: an amorphous hydrogenated DLC, a silicone‐doped amorphous hydrogenated DLC and a tungsten‐doped amorphous hydrogenated DLC. The three coatings are tested tribologically on a pin‐on‐reciprocating plate tribometer against a cast iron pin in a group III base oil, and a fully formulated oil that consists of a group III base oil and contains ZDDP, at 100 °C for 6 h and for 20 h in order to determine whether a phosphor‐based tribofilm is formed at the contact. The formation of a tribofilm is characterised using atomic force microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The main findings of this study are the formation of a transfer film at the undoped, amorphous hydrogenated DLC surface, and also the tungsten amorphous hydrogenated DLC having a significant wear removal during the testing. The three coatings were found to have differing levels of wear, with the tungsten‐doped DLC showing the highest, the silicon‐doped DLC showing some coating removal and the amorphous hydrogenated DLC showing only minimal signs of wear. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Protocol for Securing Network Slice Component Association and Slice Isolation in 5G Networks (2018)

Slicing of a 5G network by creating virtualized instances of network functions facilitates the support of different service types with varying requirements. The management and orchestration layer identifies the components in the virtualization infrastructure to form an end-to-end slice for an intended service type. The key security challenges for the softwarized 5G networks are, (i) ensuring availability of a centralized controller/orchestrator, (ii) association between legitimate network slice components, and (iii) network slice isolation. To address these challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel implicit mutual authentication and key establishment with group anonymity protocol using proxy re-encryption on elliptic curve. The protocol provides (i) controller independent distributed association between components of a network slice, (ii) implicit authentication between network slice components to allow secure association, (iii) secure key establishment between component pairs for secure slice isolation, and (iv) service group anonymity. The proposed protocol's robustness is validated with necessary security analysis. The computation and bandwidth overheads of the proposed protocol are compared with that of the certificate based protocol, and our proposed protocol has 9.52% less computation overhead and 13.64% less bandwidth overhead for Type A1 pairing.
Plasma Exosomes as Markers of Therapeutic Response in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2014)

Changes in exosomal protein and/or TGF-β1 content may reflect responses to CT. The exosomal profile may suggest the presence of residual disease in patients considered to have achieved complete remission.
Transient and Local Expression of Chemokine and Immune Checkpoint Traps To Treat Pancreatic Cancer (2017)

Pancreatic tumors are known to be resistant to immunotherapy due to the extensive immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that CXCL12 and PD-L1 are two key molecules controlling the immunosuppressive TME. Fusion proteins, called traps, designed to bind with these two molecules with high affinity (K<sub>d</sub> = 4.1 and 0.22 nM, respectively) were manufactured and tested for specific binding with the targets. Plasmid DNA encoding for each trap was formulated in nanoparticles and intravenously injected to mice bearing orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Expression of traps was mainly seen in the tumor, and secondarily, accumulations were primarily in the liver. Combination trap therapy shrunk the tumor and significantly prolonged the host survival. Either trap alone only brought in a partial therapeutic effect. We also found that CXCL12 trap allowed T-cell penetration into the tumor, and PD-L1 trap allowed the infiltrated T-cells to kill the tumor cells. Combo trap therapy also significantly reduced metastasis of the tumor cells to other organs. We conclude that the trap therapy significantly modified the immunosuppressive TME to allow the host immune system to kill the tumor cells. This can be an effective therapy in clinical settings.
Survey of Media Access Control address spoofing attacks detection and prevention techniques in wireless networks (2016)

Wireless networks are used to access many services such as Internet banking, e-commerce, eHealth, and from many more systems that relay sensitive information. To connect to a wireless network a user needs to be authenticated by and be associated with an access point. Management frames and control frames are used for authentication, association and giving a user access to the wireless network. Management frames and control frames are sent in clear text and can expose the wireless network to security attacks such as media access control spoofing and session hijacking attacks. An attacker with the packet sniffer software can intercept packets and extract Media Access Control addresses of the access point or other users. MAC address is used to associate a client with the access point in wireless networks. An attacker can use a spoofed Media Access Control address of the real access point to disconnect the legitimate users from the network and takeover any existing TCP session that has already been established. Since the legitimate user is already authenticated in the network, an attacker with the spoofed MAC address will not require authentication. Such an exploitation of a valid computer session to gain unauthorized access to information or services through a network is referred to as session hijacking attack. There are proposed methods for dealing with MAC address spoofing. Some methods produce lots of false positives and false negatives while others require a lot of infrastructural overhead as well as computational overhead. In this study some of the existing MAC addresses spoofing detection and prevention methods are reviewed, with strengths and weaknesses analysed. Factors considered in the analysis include reliability and robustness of the methods, and performance in terms of computational overhead and efficiency.