gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Silica Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis (2013)

Fluorescence imaging techniques are becoming essential for preclinical investigations, necessitating the development of suitable tools for in vivo measurements. Nanotechnology entered this field to help overcome many of the current technical limitations, and luminescent nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most promising materials proposed for future diagnostic implementation. NPs also constitute a versatile platform that can allow facile multi-functionalization to perform multimodal imaging or theranostics (simultaneous diagnosis and therapy). In this contribution we have mainly focused on dye doped silica or silica-based NPs conjugated with targeting moieties to enable imaging of specific cancer cells. We also cite and briefly discuss a few non-targeted systems for completeness. We summarize common synthetic approaches to these materials, and then survey the most recent imaging applications of silica-based nanoparticles in cancer. The field of theranostics is particularly important and stimulating, so, even though it is not the central topic of this paper, we have included some significant examples. We conclude with a short section on NP-based systems already in clinical trials and examples of specific applications in childhood tumors. This review aims to describe and discuss, through focused examples, the great potential of these materials in the medical field, with the aim to encourage further research to implement applications, which today are still rare.
A Σ-Δ frequency discriminator based synthesizer (2002)

A new architecture is proposed for a synthesizer suitable for mobile radio applications. This architecture has several advantages over the fractional-N type architectures currently used. The new synthesizer is based on an oversampled /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ frequency discriminator in the feedback path which converts the frequency to digital form. This results in a largely digital architecture that eliminates many of the analog noise sources that plague conventional fractional-N synthesizers.
AE-shelter: An novel anti-eavesdropping scheme in wireless networks (2017)

To protect confidential communications from eavesdropping attacks in wireless networks, we propose a novel anti-eavesdropping scheme named AE-Shelter. In our proposed scheme, we place a number of friendly jammers at a circular boundary to protect legitimate communications. The jammers sending artificial noise can mitigate the eavesdropping capability of wiretapping the confidential information. We also establish a theoretical model to evaluate the performance of AE-Shelter. Our results show that our proposed AE-Shelter scheme can significantly reduce the eavesdropping risk without significantly degrading the network performance.
Incubation of human sperm with micelles made from glycerophospholipid mixtures increases sperm motility and resistance to oxidative stress (2018)

Membrane integrity is essential in maintaining sperm viability, signaling, and motility, which are essential for fertilization. Sperm are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, as they are rich in sensitive polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and are unable to synthesize and repair many essential membrane constituents. Because of this, sperm cellular membranes are important targets of this process. Membrane Lipid Replacement (MLR) with glycerophospholipid mixtures (GPL) has been shown to ameliorate oxidative stress in cells, restore their cellular membranes, and prevent loss of function. Therefore, we tested the effects of MLR on sperm by tracking and monitoring GPL incorporation into their membrane systems and studying their effects on sperm motility and viability under different experimental conditions. Incubation of sperm with mixtures of exogenous, unoxidized GPL results in their incorporation into sperm membranes, as shown by the use of fluorescent dyes attached to GPL. The percent overall (total) sperm motility was increased from 52±2.5% to 68±1.34% after adding GPL to the incubation media, and overall sperm motility was recovered from 7±2% after H2O2 treatment to 58±2.5%)(n = 8, p<0.01) by the incorporation of GPL into sperm membranes. When sperm were exposed to H2O2, the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (MIMP), monitored using the MIMP tracker dye JC-1 in flow cytometry, diminished, whereas the addition of GPL prevented the decrease in MIMP. Confocal microscopy with Rhodamine-123 and JC-1 confirmed the mitochondrial localization of the dyes. We conclude that incubation of human sperm with glycerolphospholipids into the membranes of sperm improves sperm viability, motility, and resistance to oxidizing agents like H2O2. This suggests that human sperm might be useful to test innovative new treatments like MLR, since such treatments could improve fertility when it is adversely affected by increased oxidative stress.
Optimization of femtosecond laser micromachining in hydrogel polymers (2009)

High-repetition-rate low-pulse-energy near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire oscillator were used to micromachine localized refractive index structures inside ophthalmologic hydrogel polymers. The relation between laser-induced refractive index modification and different laser micromachining conditions was investigated in both pure and dye copolymerized hydrogel polymers. We studied the nonlinear absorption enhancement of the laser energy induced by copolymerized dyes during the micromachining process and the effects on increasing the laser scanning speed. We discussed the wavelength dependence and the laser pulse energy dependence of the micromachining results in a laser operation wavelength range from 700 nm to 1000 nm. By changing the water concentration in pure and doped hydrogel polymers, we further investigated the critical role that water plays in the creation of large refractive index modifications in hydrogels without inducing optical breakdown or damage. A thermal model was used to explain the experimental results. By increasing nonlinear absorption in hydrogel polymers and optimizing femtosecond laser operation parameters, large refractive index modifications could be achieved with greatly increased laser micromachining speeds. In this paper, we discuss the optimization of material and laser parameters for the hydrogel material system.
Slow light using semiconductor quantum dots (2004)

A variable semiconductor optical buffer based on the electromagnetically induced transparency in a quantum dot waveguide is theoretically investigated with feasible parameters for applications to a 40 Gbps optical network. We show the refractive index and absorption spectra of the quantum dot waveguide at various pump levels, which exhibit an optimal pump power for maximum slow-down factor, in agreement with the previous experimental observation using a Pr-doped solid. The group velocity slow-down factor is theoretically analysed as a function of the pump intensity at different broadened linewidths. Inhomogeneous broadening in self-assembled quantum dots degrades the slow-down factor. In order to reduce the inhomogeneous broadening effects, we propose to use a resonant microcavity structure with quantum dots embedded in the active layer to enhance the slow-down factor.
Glucose-lowering effects of a new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (1993)

Inorganic vanadium has been shown, both in vivo and in vitro, to have insulin-mimetic properties. A new organic vanadium complex, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV), was developed to increase the absorption of vanadium from the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the dose of vanadium necessary to produce glucose-lowering effects. BMOV was administered in the drinking water for 25 weeks to control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic, male Wistar rats. BMOV treatment produced a stable euglycemic state in 70% of diabetic treated animals. The other 30% of the diabetic treated animals demonstrated fluctuations in glucose control over the entire study period. The initial effective dose of BMOV was 0.45 mmol/kg, which decreased to an effective maintenance dose of 0.18 mmol/kg, significantly lower than the dose of inorganic vanadium salts used in previous studies. BMOV treatment did significantly reduce fluid consumption levels in control treated animals after 10 weeks of therapy; however, the food consumption for control treated animals was only intermittently lower than that for controls. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normalized with BMOV treatment for all diabetic treated animals, without a concomitant increase in plasma insulin levels. An oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated that glucose homeostasis in control-treated animals occurred at significantly lower plasma insulin levels than in control animals. BMOV effectively produced the glucose-lowering effects at significantly lower dose than previously used for inorganic vanadium salts, without any overt signs of toxicity.
Recent Vaccine Development for Human Metapneumovirus (2014)

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus, its close family member, are two major causes of lower respiratory tract infection in the paediatric population. hMPV is also a common cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and older adults. Repeated infections occur often, demonstrating a heavy medical burden. However, there is currently no hMPV-specific prevention treatment. This review focuses on the current literature on hMPV vaccine development. We believe that a better understanding of the role(s) of viral proteins in host responses might lead to efficient prophylactic vaccine development.
Ellipsometric monitor for process control (1989)

A process monitor that uses ellipsometry is described. It is provided with simple automatic azimuth calibration and optical alignment mechanisms. Calibration way determines azimuth angle errors and corrects errors of psi and Delta derived from those errors after crude manual adjustment or a change in plane of incidence. The alignment method is also composed of manual adjustment and automatic correction. Performance tests were carried out and they indicated that the two correction methods have practically no problems although they use approximations.
Antidepressant Effects of Apocynum venetum Leaves in a Forced Swimming Test. (2001)

An extract of the leaves of Apocynum venetum L. (Apocynaceae) markedly shortened the immobility time of male rats in a forced swimming test (FST) in a dose range of 30-125 mg/kg, indicating a possible antidepressant activity. This effect was comparable to that of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (20 mg/kg). Neither imipramine (20 mg/kg) nor the Apocynum extract in various doses (30, 60, 125 mg/kg) produced any overt behavioural change or motor dysfunction in the open field test. This result confirms the assumption that the antidepressant effect of an Apocynum extract in the FST is specific. Further, it can be speculated that this effect might be related to hyperoside and isoquercitrin which are major flavonoids in the extract.
A computational model of electrical stimulation of the retinal ganglion cell (1999)

Localized retinal electrical stimulation in blind volunteers results in discrete round visual percepts corresponding to the location of the stimulating electrode. The success of such an approach to provide useful vision depends on elucidating the neuronal target of surface electrical stimulation. To determine if electrodes preferentially stimulate ganglion cells directly below them or passing fibers from distant ganglion cells, we developed a compartmental model for electric field stimulation of the retinal ganglion cell (RGC). In this model a RGC is stimulated by extracellular electrical fields with active channels and realistic cell morphology derived directly from a neuronal tracing. Three membrane models were applied: a linear passive model, a Hodgkin-Huxley model with passive dendrites (HH), and a model composed of all active compartments (FCM) with five nonlinear ion channels. Idealized monopolar point and disk stimulating electrodes were positioned above the cell. For the HH and FCM models, the position of lowest cathodal threshold to propagate an action potential was over the soma. Brief (100 microseconds) cathodic stimuli were 20% (HH with disk electrode) to 73% (FCM with point-source) more effective over the soma than over the axon. In the passive model, the axon is preferentially stimulated versus the soma. Although it may be possible to electrically stimulate RGC's near their cell body at lower thresholds than at their axon, these differences are relatively small. Alternative explanations should be sought to explain the focal perceptions observed in previously reported patient trials.
Two Beam Coupling in a Photorefractive Polymer Waveguide (1995)

Photorefractive polymers have attracted a great deal of attention since they were first reported 1 in 1991. Since then, four wave mixing (FWM) diffraction efficiencies have increased from 10 -5 to near unity 2 in films on the order of 100 μm thick. Two beam coupling gains have also seen dramatic increases. 3 These enhancements are mostly due to improvements in the materials and their processing. For example, it has been found that by substantially reducing the glass transition temperature of the polymer composite, a significant orientation of the nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores in these composites can be achieved. The orientational enhancement 4 gives rise to a large modulation of the linear birefringence which in turn gives a stronger photorefractive (PR) effect. In this work, we report on a new application for these PR polymer composites.
Abstract 14396: Purification of Cardiomyocytes From Differentiating Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Molecular Beacons Targeting Cardiomyocyte-specific mRNA (2013)

Background: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer unprecedented hopes for myocardial repair; however, there are numerous technical hurdles for their clinical uses. While methods for generating cardiomyocytes (CMs) from PSCs have been reported, currently available methods produce only heterogeneous mixtures of CMs and non-CM cells may cause negative outcomes. Therefore, it has been highly required to develop strategies to purify homogeneous populations of CM for their further clinical applications. Here, we report an entirely novel system in which PSC-derived CMs can be purified by CM-specific molecular beacons (MBs). MBs are nano-scale probes that emit a fluorescence signal when hybridized to target mRNAs. We hypothesized that MBs targeting CM-specific mRNA can specifically bind to CMs and allow to sort MB positive CM population by FACS. Method and Results: Five MBs targeting mRNAs of either cardiac troponin T or myosin heavy chain 6 and -7 were generated. Among five MBs, a MB targeting myosin heavy chain 6 and -7 mRNA (MHC1-MB) identified up to 99% of HL-1 CMs, an immortalized mouse CM cell line, but less than 3% of four non-CM cell types in flow cytometry analysis, indicating that MHC1-MB is specific for identifying CMs. We delivered MHC1-MB into cardiomyogenically differentiated PSCs through nucleofection and found that the detection rate of CMs was similar to the percentages of cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) or cardiac troponin I (TNNI3)-positive CMs, supporting the specificity of MBs. Finally, ~97% of CMs from mouse and human PSC differentiating cultures FACS-sorted with MHC1-MBs expressed TNNT2- or TNNI3 determined by flow cytometry. These MB-based sorted cells maintained their CM characteristics verified by spontaneous beating, electrophysiologic studies, and expression of cardiac proteins by immunocytochemistry. When transplanted in a myocardial infarction model, while unpurified CMs derived from mESCs developed tumors, MB-based purified CMs improved cardiac function and demonstrated significant engraftment for 4 weeks without forming tumors. Conclusion: We developed a novel CM selection system that allows production of highly purified CMs. These purified CMs and this system can be valuable for cell therapy and drug discovery.
Discriminant Analysis of Raman Spectra for Body Fluid Identification for Forensic Purposes (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Vitali Sikirzhytski, Kelly Virkler, Igor K. Lednev; Discriminant Analysis of Raman Spectra for Body Fluid Identification for Forensic Purposes. AIP Conference Proceedings 6 August 2010; 1267 (1): 506–507. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3482643 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Murmur Detection Using Parallel Recurrent & Convolutional Neural Networks. (2018)

In this article, we propose a novel technique for classification of the Murmurs in heart sound. We introduce a novel deep neural network architecture using parallel combination of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) & Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to learn visual and time-dependent characteristics of Murmur in PCG waveform. Set of acoustic features are presented to our proposed deep neural network to discriminate between Normal and Murmur class. The proposed method was evaluated on a large dataset using 5-fold cross-validation, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 96 +- 0.6 % , 100 +- 0 % respectively and F1 Score of 98 +- 0.3 %.
Whole Colonic Endoscopic Ultrasound Using a Novel Device: In-Vivo Animal Study (2016)

Background/aim: Traditionally, the majority of the use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the lower GI tract is limited to evaluation and diagnosis of diseases of the rectum. Advancing a regular echoendoscope to proximal part of colon is limited due to the side view design of the echoendoscope, poor resolution of probe-based ultrasound images and difficulties with acoustic coupling with the colon wall. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel endoscope accessory that allow whole colonic EUS evaluation. Methods: A prototype endoscope accessory device (EndoCompartmentTM) was created using an overtube with longitudinal closable seam equipped with balloons that allows creation of a working compartment within the GI tract. This novel overtube does not need pre-loading on the colonoscope prior to intubation and permits exchange of the colonoscope with an echoendoscope after identification of the need for EUS examination of the GI tract. The created compartment at the tip of the colonoscope can be filled with water that facilitates acoustic coupling of the echoendoscope with the wall of the colon and surrounding organs for creation of complete 360 degree EUS images. Results: We used a porcine model and after administering adequate sedation, an adult colonoscope was inserted into the colon and was advanced to the proximal colon. The overtube was opened along its length and was mounted over the exposed portion of the colonoscope. The overtube was then inserted into the colon over the colonoscope up to its tip. Using 2 balloons, a dynamic compartment was created The colonoscope was then withdrawn and an echoendoscope was inserted into the compartment which was filled with water and EUS images were obtained. The entire compartment along with echoendoscope could be moved along the colon without changing its elements while EUS images were obtained. We showed that EUS evaluation of the colon and surrounding tissue was technically feasible and safe in a live porcine model. Conclusion: It is possible to achieve a complete 360-degree view of the endoscopic ultrasound images of the colon and surrounding organs using a novel endoscope accessory (EndocopartmentTM).Figure 1Figure 2
Framework of belief condensation filtering and deterministic discrete filters (2012)

Summary form only given. Internet traffic is dramatically increasing, and the fastest growing segment, mobile network traffic, is expected to double every year for the next five years. In the next decade, more than twenty billion smart mobile devices will be connected to the Internet. This exponential growth is requiring new innovation throughout embedded devices and the supporting infrastructure to keep pace with the growing demand.
Calibration technique for acoustic scattering measurements (1981)

Tungsten carbide spheres are used as calibration targets in laboratory acoustic scattering measurements. Though the steady-state response of any metal sphere in water greatly differs from a rigid body return, over almost the entire frequency spectrum, the rigid body and elastic returns can be separated in a short pulse, broadband experiment. This rigid body echo can then be used as a reference to normalize the scattering returns from targets of interest.
Improved 2DEG Mobility in Inverted GaAs/n-AlGaAs Heterostructures Grown by MBE (1984)

Electrical properties of an inverted heterojunction interface in selectively Si-doped GaAs/n-AlGaAs heterostructures were investigated. It was found that the origin of reduced 2DEG mobility in an inverted heterostructure is not interface roughness and/or background impurity pileup at the interface, but is diffused profile of doped Si impurities. Larger enhancement of 2DEG mobility at low temperature was obtained even in an inverted heterostructure by introducing a thick undoped AlGaAs spacer layer ( Δ t =100 Å) and lowering doping concentration of Si ( N d =5×10 17 cm -3 ); electron mobility as high as 7×10 4 cm 2 /Vs was observed at 5K with sheet electron concentration of 1×10 12 cm -2 .
UWB channel estimation with various sampling rate options (2006)

In this paper, channel estimation algorithms for multiuser ultrawideband (UWB) communication systems using symbol-spaced, frame-spaced, and chip-spaced sampling are proposed and analyzed. Assuming perfect synchronization to the desired multipath delays, symbol-spaced sampling allows both training-based, and semi-blind channel estimation. Increasing the sampling rate introduces more complexity, however, this allows additional signal processing capability, enabling improved receiver performance. By processing the frame-spaced samples, simple and low complexity pulse-discarding channel-estimators can be implemented to suppress multiuser interference effects. Chip-spaced sampling allows implementation of all-Rake (ARake) receivers using the least-squares channel estimation, and without the need for multiple analog matched filters
Novel Imidazol-1-ylmethyl Substituted 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2,1-<i>ij</i>]quinolin-4-ones as Potent and Selective CYP11B1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cushing’s Syndrome (2012)

CYP11B1 inhibition is a promising therapy for Cushing's syndrome. Starting from etomidate, references I and II, the title compounds were designed and synthesized. Cyclopropyl analogue 4 was identified as a CYP11B1 inhibitor more potent (IC(50) = 2.2 nM) than leads and more selective (SF = 11) than I and metyrapone. Since it also showed potent inhibition of rat CYP11B1 and good selectivity over human CYP17 and CYP19, it is a promising candidate for further development.
Comparison of switched receivers for direct-sequence spread-spectrum wireless power transfer (2017)

The limitations of single-frequency wireless power transfer provide a strong incentive to use spread spectrum techniques. While techniques for transmitting power using spread spectrum modulation already exist, this paper introduces different receiver topologies and algorithms for receiving power spread across a wideband of frequencies. The power output and the efficiency of receivers is constrained by the switch parameters. Receiver topology choice depends on the application requirements and constraints. The receiver realization provides a platform for the evolution of direct-sequence spread-spectrum wireless power transfer.