gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outcomes (2013)

Ushering in the twenty-first century were the attacks on the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington, DC. This inauspicious beginning of a new century came as a terrible revelation to most people in the world. The insecurity of the new global environment reveals a world marked by vehement religious revivals, strong desires for a voice by disempowered people, and the resort to violence by nongovernmental actors. Clearly, the horrible events of September 11, 2001, were not on the same scale as the two cataclysmic world wars that revolutionized the world system in their wake, but the events did change the way the world perceives the international system and thus the way states react to and within the system. It changed the way that ruling, resources and religion fit into that world system. The outcomes of this global twenty-first century shift have wide-ranging impact on not only China as a country, but also the Asia-Pacific as a region and throughout the world.
Stromal Expression of MMP‐9 and Urokinase Receptor Is Inversely Associated with Liver Metastasis and with Infiltrating Growth in Human Colorectal Cancer: A Novel Approach from Immune/Inflammatory Aspect (1997)

MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR), which are involved in cancer cell invasion and metastasis, are reported to be predominantly expressed by immune/inflammatory cells in human colorectal cancers. To investigate their significance in cancer progression, we morphometrically analyzed the tissue expression of MMP-9 and u-PAR among different stages of colorectal cancer. The numbers of MMP-9- and u-PAR-positive cells along the invasive margin were significantly smaller in cases with liver metastasis than in cases without liver metastasis, and were also smaller in cases with an infiltrating margin than in cases with an expanding margin. Both variables were larger in colon cancer cases with conspicuous lymphocytic infiltration. These results indicated that the degree of tissue expression of MMP-9 and u-PAR by host cells is inversely associated with liver metastasis and an infiltrating growth pattern in human colorectal cancers. Essentially the same results were obtained for the number of macrophages distributed along the invasive margin. We also found that the expression pattern of MMP-9 was similar to that of MMP-8 (polymorphonuclear leukocyte collagenase). These data are consistent with clinicopathologic studies of host cells. Therefore, our data suggest a dual role of MMP-9 and u-PAR expression in colon cancer tissue; i.e., not only are these proteinases cancer-promoting factors, but also they are related to the host defensive mechanism when they are expressed by host cells.
Sub-quarter micron copper interconnects through dry etching process and its reliability (2002)

Copper is the major candidate material of post-Al alloys in deep sub-micron region, because of low resistivity and long electromigration lifetime. Recently, ion milling and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) have been applied to fine Cu interconnects, and these techniques can avoid the difficulty of etching Cu caused by hardly subliming etching-products. However, these are not necessarily the well-established technique for ULSI process. Our approach is modification of the high temperature dry etching, which includes the self-aligned passivation technique. In this work, we have formed TiN/Cu/TiN multilayered interconnects of sub-quarter micron width using the modified dry etching technique, and evaluated the resistance to electromigration damage (EMD).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Imidazole-imidazole pair as a minor groove recognition motif for T:G mismatched base pairs (1999)

The T:G mismatched base pair is associated with many genetic mutations. Understanding its biological consequences may be aided by studying the structural perturbation of DNA caused by a T:G base pair and by specific probing of the mismatch using small molecular ligands. We have shown previously that AR-1-144, a tri-imidazole (Im-Im-Im) minor groove binder, recognizes the sequence CCGG. NMR structural analysis of the symmetric 2:1 complex of AR-1-144 and GAACCGGTTC revealed that each AR-1-144 binds to four base pairs with the guanine N2 amino group forming a bifurcated hydrogen bond to a side-by-side Im/Im pair. We predicted that the free G-N2 amino group in a T:G wobble base pair can form two individual hydrogen bonds to a side-by-side Im/Im pair. Thus an Im/Im pair may be a good recognition motif for a T:G base pair in DNA. Cooperative and tight binding of an AR-1-144 homodimer to GAACTGGTTC permits a detailed structural analysis by 2D NOE NMR refinement and the refined structure confirms our prediction. Surprisingly, AR-1-144 does not bind to GAATCGGTTC. We further show that both the Im-Im-Im/Im-Py-Im heterodimer and the Im-Im-Im/Im-Im-Im homodimer bind strongly to the CACGGGTC + GACTCGTG duplex. These results together suggest that an Im/Im pair can specifically recognize a single T:G mismatch. Our results may be useful in future design of molecules (e.g. linked dimers) that can recognize a single T:G mismatch with specificity.
Durable silver coating for mirrors (2023)

A durable multilayer mirror includes reflective layers of aluminum and silver and has high reflectance over a broad spectral range from ultraviolet to visible to infrared. An adhesion layer of a nickel and/or chromium alloy or nitride is deposited on an aluminum surface, and a thin layer of silver is then deposited on the adhesion layer. The silver layer is protected by a passivation layer of a nickel and/or chromium alloy or nitride and by one or more durability layers made of metal oxides and typically a first layer of metal nitride. The durability layers may include a composite silicon aluminum nitride and an oxinitride transition layer to improve bonding between nitride and oxide layers.
Semantics and constraint parsing of word graphs (1993)

A constraint-based parser capable of processing a word graph containing multiple sentence hypotheses has been developed. When syntactic constraints are applied to a word graph, this parse is able to prune the graph of many ungrammatical sentence hypotheses and limit the possible parses of the remaining sentences. However, in many cases syntactic information alone is insufficient for selecting a single sentence hypothesis from a word graph. Hence, semantic constraints have been added to the parser to limit ambiguity further. The authors review the constraint parsing algorithm and then provide a simple example illustrating how syntactic and semantic features can be used to prune word candidates from a word graph and eliminate incorrect parses for the remaining sentences. They also report on the effectiveness of syntactic and semantic constraints for reducing the ambiguity of word networks constructed for N-best sentence hypotheses provided by the ATIS (Air Travel Information System) database.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
REMOVAL OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS STERNE SPORE FROM COMMERCIAL UNPASTEURIZED LIQUID EGG WHITE USING CROSS-FLOW MICROFILTRATION* (2011)

ABSTRACT The validity of a cross-flow microfiltration (MF) process for separation of an avirulent strain of Bacillus anthracis (BA) spores from commercial unpasteurized liquid egg white (LEW) was examined. Unpasteurized LEW was inoculated with BA to a level of approximately 106 spores/mL and microfiltered using a 1.4-micron ceramic membrane. Permeate flux increased at a rate of 50 L/h m2 per unit pH decrease, which is almost 30 times greater compared with the rate of increase in flux due to a unit increase in temperature. Spore removal efficiency was at least 6.14 log10 spores/mL. In a storage stability study, microfiltered LEW showed no outgrowth of spores for 21 days at 4C. Egg white protein permeation, and hence the functional properties, were unaffected during MF. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Bacillus anthracis (BA), a spore-forming bacterium and a potential biothreat agent, could be used as an atypical foodborne pathogen for intentional contamination of the food supply. Thermal pasteurization is effective only for pathogens that are in vegetative forms such as Salmonella, but ineffective for destroying spore-forming pathogens, such as BA. Also, egg proteins' ability to form foam or gel is severely destroyed during pasteurization, since egg albumin is highly heat sensitive. There is a serious need in the agri-industry to develop an effective intervention strategy for removal of B. anthracis from high value foods such as liquid eggs. The current study describes a microfiltration process that is capable of removing almost 99.9999% BA spores from liquid egg white (LEW) without affecting egg white's ability to form foam or gel, and hence may provide an option for safety and security of liquid foods such as LEW.
On-Line Monitoring and Identification of Bioaerosols (2006)

Fast analysis of bioaerosols in clean room environments is necessary in order to prevent contamination of pharmaceutical products, minimize machine downtimes, or both. The detection and identification of microbes will be carried out in several steps: After impaction of the aerosol on a surface, the particles are presorted with glancing light illumination and fluorescence imaging in order to distinguish between abiotic and biotic particles. Since only the biotic particles are of interest, the analysis time can be minimized due to reduction of the data set. The biotic particles are then analyzed further with Raman spectroscopy and identified with a support vector machine.
Cloning and expansion of antigen-specific T cells using iPSC technology: A novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy (2015)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) represent the most promising therapeutic avenue in cancer immunotherapy, yet most of the currently ongoing trials utilizing CTLs are still not effective enough to cure patients. To overcome this problem, we came up with the idea to apply induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to the cloning and expansion of CTLs. When iPSCs are established from antigen-specific T cells (T-iPSCs), these T-iPSCs should inherit rearranged genomic structures of T cell receptor genes, and thus all T cells regenerated from T-iPSCs should express the same T cell receptor (TCR). Since iPSCs can be expanded almost unlimitedly, it is possible to obtain as many fresh CTLs as needed. Pursuing this idea, we have recently succeeded in regenerating melanoma antigen MART1-specific CTLs from T-iPSCs originally derived from a melanoma patient. Our study illustrates an approach for the cloning and expansion of functional antigen-specific CTLs that might be applicable in cell-based cancer therapy.
Local fiscal effects of oil and gas development in eight states (2016)

Oil and gas production in the United States has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. This growth has important implications for local governments, which often see new revenues from a variety of sources: property taxes on oil and gas property, sales taxes driven by the oil and gas workforce, allocations of state revenues from severance taxes or state and federal leases, leases on local government land, and contributions from oil and gas companies to support local services. At the same time, local governments tend to experience a range of new costs such as road damage caused by heavy industry truck traffic, increased demand for emergency services and law enforcement, and challenges with workforce retention. This report examines county and municipal fiscal effects in 14 oil- and gas-producing regions of eight states: AK, CA, KS, OH, OK, NM, UT, and WV. We find that for most local governments, oil and gas development—whether new or longstanding—has a positive effect on local public finances. However, effects can vary substantially due to a variety of local factors and policy issues. For some local governments, particularly those in rural regions experiencing large increases in development, revenues have not kept pace with rapidly increased costs and demand for services, particularly on road repair.
CLINICAL AND SEROLOGICAL FEATURES OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 INFECTION IN THREE ADULTS (1988)

3 adult patients with serological evidence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection had mild, afebrile illnesses with nonspecific symptoms. In each case, the characteristic clinical feature was the presence of enlarged, bilateral, non-tender, anterior and posterior cervical nodes early in the illness which persisted for up to 3 months. HHV-6 IgG antibody reciprocal titres of 160 to 2560 were found during acute infection, and decreased to a titre of 10 in 1 patient 3 years later. IgM responses were detected at low reciprocal titres (10) in 2 patients and disappeared after several months.
Corporate Governance Practices: Transparency and Disclosure –Evidence from Bucharest Stock Exchange (2012)

In Romania requirements of corporate governance occurred relatively recently compared to other European countries. The delay is explained by the slow steps taken on the political, legal, economical and social levels. However, the Romanian companies began to realize the need for corporate governance, especially in the context of voluntary corporate governance requests made by Bucharest Stock Exchange for listed companies. Our study consists in determining the degree of transparency and disclosure for the companies listed on the BSE as well as in drawing of analytical conclusions regarding the corporate governance practices in Romania, compared to other European countries.
Studies on tumor promoters. 11. A new [5+2] cycloaddition method and its application to the synthesis of BC ring precursors of phorboids (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on tumor promoters. 11. A new [5+2] cycloaddition method and its application to the synthesis of BC ring precursors of phorboidsPaul A. Wender and Jose L. MascarenasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 22, 6267–6269Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00022a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views978Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (382 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review Integrating Inflammatory Pathways Into a Cohesive Pathogenic Model (2018)

<b>Background:</b> The pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is not fully understood. This systematic review examined the latest evidence for molecular inflammatory pathways involved in HS as a chronic inflammatory skin disease. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline and EMBASE from January 2013 through September 2017, according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Findings on HS pathogenesis were also compared with those of other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) in a non-systematic review. In addition, current therapeutic options for HS are briefly discussed on the basis of the findings for the inflammatory pathways involved in HS. <b>Results:</b> A total of 32 eligible publications were identified by the systematic search; these were supplemented with three additional publications. The extracted data indicated that four key themes underlie the pathogenesis of HS and related syndromic conditions. First, nicastrin (<i>NCSTN</i>) and <i>PSTPIP1</i> mutations are directly associated with auto-inflammatory disease. Secondly, the up-regulation of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α and T helper-17/interleukin-23 are connected to auto-inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HS. Thirdly, the microbiome of lesional skin differs significantly vs. normal-appearing skin. Fourthly, HS risk is enhanced through physiological and environmental factors such as smoking, obesity, and mechanical friction. There is significant overlap between the pathogenesis of HS, its syndromic forms and other IMIDs, particularly with respect to aberrations in the innate immune response. <b>Conclusions:</b> The evidence presented in this review supports HS as an auto-inflammatory skin disorder associated with alterations in the innate immune system. Based on these most recent data, an integrative viewpoint is presented on the pathogenesis of HS. Current management strategies on HS consist of anti-inflammatory therapies, surgical removal of chronic lesions, and lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation and weight loss. As large gaps remain in the understanding of the pathogenesis of HS, further research is warranted to ultimately improve the management and treatment of patients with HS and related syndromic conditions.
Characterization of the apolipoprotein B polypeptide of human plasma low density lipoprotein in detergent and denaturation solutions. (1979)

Apolipoprotein B, the polypeptide moiety of human serum low density lipoprotein, is subject to degradation (as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) both in the intact particle and after delipidation. Protease inhibitors, sodium azide, and nitrogen saturation did not influence the rate or degree of degradation. Lipid-free apolipoprotein B prepared by gel exclusion chromatography in sodium dodecyl sulfate bound a limited number of detergent molecules (up to 300) in monomeric sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions; circular dichroic spectra of this complex were similar to spectra of the intact lipoprotein. Near the critical micelle concentrations, a large, cooperative increase in detergent binding occurred, accompanied by circular dichroic changes indicating increased alpha helicity. By sucrose density centrifugation, lysopalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine could be substituted for the anionic detergent; about 300 mol of lysolipid were bound to the polypeptide. Replacement of detergent with guanidine hydrochloride by dialysis produced a soluble polypeptide with no ordered structure at denaturant concentrations above 7 M. At lower guanidine hydrochloride concentrations, structural elements were regained in a broad, reversible transition. It appears that apolipoprotein B is an easily degraded polypeptide with regions resembling water-soluble proteins but other regions which interact with lipid (or synthetic amphiphiles) and produce an overall insolubility in aqueous solution in the absence of amphiphilic ligands.
Para além do pensamento abissal: das linhas globais a uma ecologia de saberes (2007)

Na primeira parte do ensaio, o autor argumenta que as linhas cartográficas "abissais" que demarcavam o Velho e o Novo Mundo na era colonial subsistem estruturalmente no pensamento moderno ocidental e permanecem constitutivas das relações políticas e culturais excludentes mantidas no sistema mundial contemporâneo. A injustiça social global estaria portanto estritamente associada à injustiça cognitiva global, de modo que a luta por justiça social global requer a construção de um pensamento "pós-abissal".
SAMMA, a mandelic acid condensation polymer, inhibits dendritic cell‐mediated HIV transmission (2007)

SAMMA, a mandelic acid condensation polymer, exhibits a broad antimicrobial activity against several sexually transmitted pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Here we demonstrated that SAMMA suppressed HIV transmission by dendritic cells (DCs), one of the first target cells for primary infection. The greatest inhibitory effect was achieved when SAMMA was present during the co-culture with target cells. The inhibitory effect of SAMMA on DC-mediated HIV transmission was not due to cytotoxicity. Analysis of the level of DC-associated HIV p24 antigen revealed that SAMMA prevented HIV internalization by DCs when the virus was pre-incubated with the compound. In contrast, pre-incubation of DCs with SAMMA followed by wash-off did not affect the amount of cell-associated HIV p24 antigen. In addition, SAMMA blocked HIV glycoprotein-mediated cell-cell fusion. This study suggests that SAMMA prevents HIV infection through multiple mechanisms.
Business self-assessment: A strategic tool for building process robustness and achieving integrated management (1995)

The net effect of the discussion on business process re‐engineering and total quality management has been to focus attention on cross‐functional business flows‐the processes by which organizations actually function. The relative success or failure of an organization can therefore be seen in terms of the relative robustness of its business processes to the dynamics of both its internal and external environments. The increasing use of cross‐functional and multidisciplinary teams to identify and manage process improvement opportunities is a characteristic of the increasing need for an integrated management approach to successful process management. In recent years, the European Quality Award (EQA) model has been used increasingly by organizations to undertake self‐assessments of their business and organizational performance. Describes the framework of the EQA model, and how organizations can use self‐assessment against the EQA model as a strategic tool to build process robustness and achieve integrated management.