gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting of cell survival genes using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhances radiosensitivity of Grade II chondrosarcoma cells (2007)

The main treatment for chondrosarcoma is surgical resection with a wide margin. However, there are certain chondrosarcomas, such as those found in the pelvis and the spine, which cannot be resected adequately with surgery alone. Unfortunately, most chondrosarcomas are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Radiation and chemotherapy are thought to kill chondrosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death. In this article, we hypothesize that antiapoptotic gene silencing enhances radiosensitivity in chondrosarcoma cells by facilitating apoptotic pathways. We knocked down antiapoptotic genes in chondrosarcoma cells using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Two well-established Grade II human chondrosarcoma cell lines were pretreated with siRNAs that specifically target mRNAs for Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, or XIAP. The cells were then treated with radiation. Cell death was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell survival and proliferation were measured by clonogenic survival assays. Chondrosarcoma cells exhibited radioresistance and increased the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and XIAP in response to radiation. When one of the Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, or XIAP genes was silenced with the corresponding siRNA, radiosensitivity increased up to 9.2-fold (p < 0.05). When two out of the three antiapoptotic mRNAs were knocked down simultaneously, there was an 11.3-fold increase in cell death after radiation (p < 0.05). Our findings support a novel therapeutic concept that gene silencing may be used as a molecular adjuvant therapy for radioresistant sarcomas.
Overexpression of the Histone Dimethyltransferase G9a in Nucleus Accumbens Shell Increases Cocaine Self-Administration, Stress-Induced Reinstatement, and Anxiety (2017)

Repeated exposure to cocaine induces lasting epigenetic changes in neurons that promote the development and persistence of addiction. One epigenetic alteration involves reductions in levels of the histone dimethyltransferase G9a in nucleus accumbens (NAc) after chronic cocaine administration. This reduction in G9a may enhance cocaine reward because overexpressing G9a in the NAc decreases cocaine-conditioned place preference. Therefore, we hypothesized that HSV-mediated G9a overexpression in the NAc shell (NAcSh) would attenuate cocaine self-administration (SA) and cocaine-seeking behavior. Instead, we found that G9a overexpression, and the resulting increase in histone 3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), increases sensitivity to cocaine reinforcement and enhances motivation for cocaine in self-administering male rats. Moreover, when G9a overexpression is limited to the initial 15 d of cocaine SA training, it produces an enduring postexpression enhancement in cocaine SA and prolonged (over 5 weeks) increases in reinstatement of cocaine seeking induced by foot-shock stress, but in the absence of continued global elevations in H3K9me2. The increase in stress-induced reinstatement is paralleled by heightened anxiety measures, suggesting that countering the cocaine-induced decreases in endogenous G9a with ectopic G9a overexpression leads to lasting anxiogenic effects. Finally, we found an enduring reduction in phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein levels in the NAcSh that could account for the increased anxiety. These data demonstrate a novel role for G9a in promoting comorbid cocaine addiction and anxiety and suggest that increased epigenetic repression of transcription through H3K9 during cocaine use can have long-lasting and unexpected negative consequences on behavior. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cocaine addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is detrimental to society and currently has no effective treatments. The difficulty in treating drug addiction is compounded by the high comorbidity with other psychiatric illnesses, including anxiety disorders. Here, we demonstrate that G9a, an epigenetic repressor of gene expression, acting in the nucleus accumbens, a brain reward region, is capable of increasing both addiction- and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. These findings are intriguing because repeated cocaine exposure decreases G9a in this region and thereby enhances expression of certain addiction-promoting genes. However, our results suggest that countering this cocaine-induced decrease in G9a activity actually exacerbates addiction and sensitivity to relapse under stressful situations.
Acute exercise causes mitochondrial DNA deletion in rat skeletal muscle (1999)

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of acute overload exercise on mitochondrial DNA and the structure of skeletal muscles. Rats were forced to run for 20 min until reaching complete exhaustion. We detected the large-scale deletion (7052 bp) of mitochondrial DNA by the nested polymerase chain reaction, and also observed mitochondrial ultrastructural changes in the soleus muscle.
A design procedure for classical offset dual reflector antennas with circular apertures (1994)

A geometrical optics procedure for designing electrically optimized classical offset dual reflector antennas with circular apertures is presented. Equations are derived that allow the size and spacing of the main and subreflectors of the antenna system, along with the feed horn subintended angle, to be used as input variables of the design procedure. The procedure, together with these equations, yields an optimized design, starting from general system requirements. The procedure is demonstrated by designing both an offset Cassegrain and an offset Gregorian antenna, and is validated by analyzing their radiation patterns using physical optics surface current integration on both the main and subreflectors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<b><i>In vivo</i></b> assessment of trabecular bone structure at the distal radius from high‐resolution magnetic resonance images (1997)

In this study a method of assessing trabecular bone structure at the distal end of the radius from high-resolution magnetic resonance images is described. Trabecular bone is segmented from the marrow and soft tissue background using an adaptive threshold, a region growth, and a skeletonization step. From the processed image we measured the connectivity and orientation of the trabecular bone network. Connectivity was assessed by a proposed connectivity index (CI) and marrow space was quantitated by a mean hole area (HA). Significant age-related changes in CI and HA were observed in a mixed group of normal volunteers. CI decreased at a rate of 0.18 yr-1 (r = 0.72, n = 14, p < 0.05) and HA increased at a rate of 0.018 mm2 yr-1 (r = 0.69, n = 14, p < 0.05). Gradient analysis was used to examine trabecular orientation, and revealed that the individual trabeculae at the distal end of the radius are organized anisotropically along the bone. These findings suggest that clinical magnetic resonance scanners can be used to assess trabecular bone structure in vivo.
Incorporating an Electrode Modification Layer with a Vertical Phase Separated Photoactive Layer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells (2017)

For bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs), the donors and acceptors featuring specific phase separation and concentration distribution within the electron donor/acceptor blends crucially affect the exciton dissociation and charge transportation. Herein, efficient and stable nonfullerene inverted PSCs incorporating a phase separated photoactive layer and a titanium chelate electrode modification layer are demonstrated. Water contact angle (WCA), scanning kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques are implemented to characterize the morphology of photoactive layers. Compared with the control conventional device, the short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) is enhanced from 14.74 to 17.45 mAcm<sup>-2</sup>. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) for the inverted PSCs with a titanium (diisopropoxide)-bis-(2,4-pentanedionate) (TIPD) layer increases from 9.67% to 11.69% benefiting from the declined exciton recombination and fairly enhanced charge transportation. Furthermore, the nonencapsulated inverted device with a TIPD layer demonstrates the best long-term stability, 85% of initial PCE remaining and an almost undecayed open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) after 1440 h. Our results reveal that the titanium chelate is an excellent electrode modification layer to incorporate with a vertical phase separated photoactive layer for producing high-efficiency and high-stability inverted nonfullerene PSCs.
Capture and modelling of 3D face dynamics. (2004)

Realistic 3D computer models of moving human faces has been a longstanding problem in computer graphics and vision research. This thesis addresses the problem of capturing, modelling and analysing 3D facial dynamics and provides a framework for the realistic synthesis of face sequences. Currently, 3D face reconstruction methods cannot provide dynamic shape and appearance information at full video rate. The contribution of this work is the development of a novel multi-view 3D capture system which simultaneously acquires dynamic face shape and appearance at full video rate. Optical filters are used to acquire shape using active stereo in the infra-red zone and colour appearance in the visible zone of the spectrum. The captured shape and colour appearance of the face is mapped onto an ellipsoidal primitive introducing an efficient 3D video representation. This representation forms the basis for spatio-temporal processing to extract accurate non-rigid deformation during speech and expressions. Results and evaluation suggest that dynamic 3D faces can be reconstructed with a quality comparable to captured video. An audio-driven visual speech synthesis application is also presented which demonstrates that realistic synthesis of 3D face sequences is feasible using the observed dynamics.
Jigsaw puzzle solver using shape and color (2002)

The jigsaw puzzle assembly problem is significant in that it can be applied to diverse areas such as repair of broken objects, restoration of archaeological findings, molecular docking problem for drug design, etc. This paper describes a new pictorial jigsaw puzzle solver which, in contrast to previous apictorial jigsaw puzzle solvers, uses chromatic information as well as geometric shape. We develop three new puzzle assembly algorithms (TSP&Kbest-based, TSP&AP-based, and AP-based algorithm) and new boundary and color matching operation. We tested the new puzzle solver with 6 different sets of color puzzle pieces. Experimental results show that chromatic information greatly aids in seeking the solution to the jigsaw puzzle problem. It is also discovered that in terms of how rapidly each assembly algorithm reaches a solution, the TSP and Kbest-based algorithm is the best, followed by TSP and AP-based algorithm, and followed by AP-based algorithm.
Calcium Carbonate and Secondary Metabolites in Tropical Seaweeds: Variable Effects on Herbivorous Fishes (1994)

On coral reefs where herbivorous fishes are both numerous and diverse, many seaweeds combine mineral and chemical defenses. We hypothesized that combined defenses affect a greater number of herbivore species than either single defense, and in this study we experimentally tested this hypothesis. We first incorporated calcium carbonate (aragonite form) alone at a range of concentrations into an artificial diet composed of freeze—dried samples of the noncalcified, green alga Enteromorpha calathrata, carragenan, cornstarch, and water. In field experiments where diets were made available to a natural fish community, aragonite had variable effects: in some trials aragonite deterred feeding, in others it had no significant effect, and in one trial it even simulated feeding. Parrotfishes (Scaridae) and the surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus (Acanthuridae) showed a significant preference for food containing aragonite in field observations, while the surgeonfish Naso vlaminigii and three damselfishes (Pomacentridae) were observed to feed preferentially on food without added aragonite. In the laboratory, the surgeonfishes Acanthurus nigrofuscus, A. triostegus, A. xanthopterus, and Naso unicornis and the rabbitfish Siganus spinus (Siganidae) significantly avoided food with added aragonite. However, the parrotfishes Scarus sordidus and S. schlegeli consumed significantly more food containing aragonite the plain food. Ctenochaetus stiatus avoided aragonite only at the highest aragonite concentration and showed no preference at lower aragonite concentrations. Artificial diets containing natural concentrations of aragonite (80% dry mass), dieter—penoid secondary metabolites from Halimeda macroloba (1% dry mass), and a combination of both defenses (80% aragonite and 1% aragonite—free dry mass of diterpenes) were tested in the laboratory against four fish species. Scarus sordidus and Ctenochaetus striatus avoided secondary metabolites but not aragonite, and Naso lituratus and Signaus spinus were deterred by aragonite but not by secondary metabolites. All fishes were deterred by one defense or the other, and all fishes but Scarus sordidus avoided food containing the combined defenses. Combinations of aragonite and secondary metabolites increased the number of fish species that were effectively deterred from grazing relative to either single defense.
Development and characterization of a tissue-mimicking material for high-intensity focused ultrasound (2011)

A tissue-mimicking material (TMM) for the acoustic and thermal characterization of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices has been developed. The material is a high-temperature hydrogel matrix (gellan gum) combined with different sizes of aluminum oxide particles and other chemicals. The ultrasonic properties (attenuation coefficient, speed of sound, acoustical impedance, and the thermal conductivity and diffusivity) were characterized as a function of temperature from 20 to 70°C. The backscatter coefficient and nonlinearity parameter B/A were measured at room temperature. Importantly, the attenuation coefficient has essentially linear frequency dependence, as is the case for most mammalian tissues at 37°C. The mean value is 0.64f(0.95) dB·cm(-1) at 20°C, based on measurements from 2 to 8 MHz. Most of the other relevant physical parameters are also close to the reported values, although backscatter signals are low compared with typical human soft tissues. Repeatable and consistent temperature elevations of 40°C were produced under 20-s HIFU exposures in the TMM. This TMM is appropriate for developing standardized dosimetry techniques, validating numerical models, and determining the safety and efficacy of HIFU devices.
Involvement of a Tumor Suppressor Protein CADM1/TSLC1 in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2009)

目的．非小細胞肺がん（NSCLC）の新規がん抑制遺伝子CADM1/TSLC1の非小細胞肺がんにおける異常の実態とその意義を明らかにする．方法．CADM1遺伝子プロモーター領域のメチル化は重亜硫酸処理·塩基配列決定法，重亜硫酸処理·SSCP法にて解析した．CADM1タンパク質は，特異抗体を用いた免疫組織染色，免疫ブロット，免疫沈降法などにより解析した．結合タンパク質は酵母2ハイブリッド法などにより同定した．CADM1の発現とその抑制は，全長cDNA，あるいは特異的siRNAの導入により行った．結果．CADM1が細胞接着分子として機能し，細胞内では4.1B/DAL-1やMPP3と結合すること，上皮様細胞形態の形成に必須であることを見出した．NSCLC 103例の解析から，CADM1，4.1B遺伝子のメチル化による不活化が45例（44%），59例（57%）にそれぞれ認められ，がんの進展に伴って不活化すること，肺腺がんでは患者の予後不良と相関することを見出した．結論．細胞接着分子CADM1，アクチン結合タンパク質4.1Bを含む分子経路が，非小細胞肺がんの重要な腫瘍抑制経路であることを明らかにした．
Clarification of accommodatable number of functional split base stations in TDM-PON fronthaul (2018)

Mobile fronthaul (MFH) is the optical link between a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) in centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture. To suppress the cost of MFH, we have studied MFH networking based on a time division multiplexed passive optical network (TDM-PON). We have proposed low-latency uplink forwarding with a mobile dynamic bandwidth allocation (M-DBA) scheme. When the M-DBA scheme is employed, the uplink latency can be suppressed compared with fixed bandwidth allocation (FBA). In this paper, we clarify the number of ONUs that can be accommodated by the M-DBA scheme when also accommodating a novel functional split based C-RAN.
Study of geometry effects on heavy atom perturbation of the electronic properties of derivatives of the nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fluoranthene and acenaphtho[1,2-k]fluoranthene (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of geometry effects on heavy atom perturbation of the electronic properties of derivatives of the nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fluoranthene and acenaphtho[1,2-k]fluorantheneBenjamin F. Plummer, L. Kraig Steffen, Tala L. Braley, W. Greg Reese, Kathryn Zych, Gregory Van Dyke, and Brock TulleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 24, 11542–11551Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00077a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00077a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views543Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and Logistics for a LAN Management Course (1992)

This paper outlines an implementation for a hands-on Local Area Network (LAN) management course in the undergraduate curriculum of a department of Information Systems. Three major problems are addressed: faculty preparation, resource allocation, and course design/logistics. There are special difficulties in designing such a course because of the hardware preparation involved and the assignment of supervisor rights to a large number of students simultaneously for a single file server. A course outline and a sample practical exercise are given. This course has been successfully implemented and received a favorable student response.
New Approach to Evaluate Pore Size Distributions and Surface Areas for Hydrophobic Mesoporous Solids (1999)

A new approach to pore size and surface area analysis for hydrophobic mesoporous solids is proposed. Well-defined materials with strongly hydrophobic surfaces were prepared via chemical bonding of octyldimethylsilyl (ODMS) ligands to the surface of large-pore MCM-41 samples. Nitrogen statistical film thickness curves (t-curves) were determined for hydrophobic pores. These t-curves were fitted with the nitrogen adsorption isotherm for a macroporous silica modified with ODMS groups in order to derive the reference t-curve valid in the entire range of relative pressures. An empirical expression for the reference t-curve was found. The reference t-curve and the previously derived corrected form of the Kelvin equation were used to calculate pore size distributions for hydrophobic mesoporous materials, allowing to correctly reproduce the total pore volume, average pore size, and surface area determined using independent calculation procedures. The reference nitrogen adsorption isotherm on hydrophobic materials is reported in a tabular form. Moreover, the accuracy of the BET specific surface area was discussed. Thus, this study allowed us to develop the methodology for accurate and consistent characterization of hydrophobic mesoporous materials using nitrogen adsorption.
Study of miniemulsion formulation containing 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate for its application in low-emitting coating products (2014)

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are non-volatile organic salts, and few of them with low melting point may replace the conventional coalescing agents in waterborne coatings, thus preventing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission, caused by coalescing agents. The formation of waterborne coating containing RTILs can be achieved by the encapsulation of RTILs inside latexes via miniemulsion polymerization. Achieving a stable miniemulsion is a crucial step for further polymerization. In this study, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (C8mimPF6) was chosen, and various factors which might affect droplet size and its stability, including surfactant type, surfactant concentration, and C8mimPF6 concentration, were investigated. It was found that the presence of a small amount of C8mimPF6 coupled with the surfactant would offer marked effects on the droplet size reduction and droplet stability. Such effect may reach its maximum from 1 to 5 wt% C8mimPF6. Above the critical concentration, adding more C8mimPF6 to the oil phase may cause a larger initial droplet size as well as weaken the droplet stability. Such observations were consistent with the zeta potential measurements for miniemulsions prepared under similar conditions.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Bark Essential Oil of Periploca sepium and Its Main Component 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2010)

The root bark essential oil of Periploca sepium Bunge (Asclepiadaceae/ Apocynaceae) obtained by hydrodistillation was investigated by GC and GC-MS. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde was found to be the main component (78.8% of the total) among 17 identified compounds. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde was separated and purified by preparative thin layer chromatography, and was further identified by means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis. Both the essential oil and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde exhibited antimicrobial activities on all test bacteria and fungi, with MBC/MFC values ranging from 125 microg/mL to 300 microg/mL, MIC values from 80 microg/mL to 300 microg/mL, and IC(50) values from 63.29 microg/mL to 167.30 microg/mL. They also showed moderate antioxidant activity in the DPPH free radical scavenging, beta-carotene bleaching and ferrozine-ferrous ions assays. The results indicated that the major portion of these antimicrobial and antioxidant activities was due to the presence of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde in the oil, which could potentially be developed as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent in the future.
An Application of Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Spectrum Usage in Next-Generation Mobile Cellular Networks (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper proposes reinforcement learning as a foundational stone of a framework for efficient spectrum usage in the context of next-generation mobile cellular networks. The objective of the framework is to efficiently use the spectrum in a cellular orthogonal frequency-division multiple access network while unnecessary spectrum is released for secondary spectrum usage within a private commons spectrum access model. Numerical results show that the proposed framework obtains the best performance compared with other approaches for spectrum assignment. Moreover, the framework is relatively simple to implement in terms of computational requirements and signaling overhead. </para>