gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graph-Based Approaches to Placement of Processing Element Networks on FPGAs for Physical Model Simulation (2014)

Physical models utilize mathematical equations to characterize physical systems like airway mechanics, neuron networks, or chemical reactions. Previous work has shown that field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) execute physical models efficiently. To improve the implementation of physical models on FPGAs, this article leverages graph theoretic techniques to synthesize physical models onto FPGAs. The first phase maps physical model equations onto a structured virtual processing element (PE) graph using graph theoretic folding techniques. The second phase maps the structured virtual PE graph onto physical PE regions on an FPGA using graph embedding theory. A simulated annealing algorithm is introduced that can map any physical model onto an FPGA regardless of the model's underlying topology. We further extend the simulated annealing approach by leveraging existing graph drawing algorithms to generate the initial placement. Compared to previous work on physical model implementation on FPGAs, embedding increases clock frequency by 25% on average (for applicable topologies), whereas simulated annealing increases frequency by 13% on average. The embedding approach typically produces a circuit whose frequency is limited by the FPGA clock instead of routing. Additionally, complex models that could not previously be routed due to complexity were made routable when using placement constraints.
Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction: a report of the percutaneous mapping and ablation registry. (1984)

An international registry was formed to collate data for patients undergoing attempted catheter ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) junction and insertion of a permanent pacemaker. Over the past 2 years, data was submitted for 127 patients who were followed for a mean of 9.9 +/- 8.2 months. The most common arrhythmia treated was chronic or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or flutter (78 patients, 61%); the remainder had supraventricular tachycardia due to AV node reentry, ectopic atrial tachycardia, or incorporated an accessory pathway. A single shock of 150 to 400 J was effective in producing chronic third-degree AV block in 45 patients while two or more shocks were used in an additional 45 patients. There was no significant difference in the total cumulative energy used in successful and unsuccessful procedures. Immediate complications related to the shock included ventricular fibrillation (one patient), pericardial tamponade (one patient), and transient hypotension (one patient). No chronic sequelae occurred as a result of these complications. Late complications (1 day to 1 month) included ventricular tachycardia (three patients), sepsis involving the pacemaker pocket (two patients), staphylococcal sepsis from temporary pacing catheter (one patient), thrombophlebitis (one patient), thrombosis of the left subclavian vein (one patient), and hemothorax (one patient). Follow-up evaluation revealed chronic third degree AV block in 90 (71%) and AV conduction resumed but no drugs were required for arrhythmia control in eight (6.5%) and arrhythmia control was achieved with previously ineffective drugs in 16 (13%). Thirteen patients (10%) had no improvement and five of these patients underwent cardiac electrosurgery for direct His bundle ablation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural Studies of Chikungunya Virus-Like Particles Complexed with Human Antibodies: Neutralization and Cell-to-Cell Transmission (2015)

Alphaviral infections are transmitted mainly by mosquitoes. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which belongs to the Alphavirus genus, has a wide distribution in the Old World that has expanded in recent years into the Americas. There are currently no vaccines or drugs against alphaviral infections. Therefore, a better understanding of CHIKV and its associated neutralizing antibodies will aid in the development of effective treatments.
Effect of sodium lactate and sodium acetate on shelf-life of raw chicken breasts (2012)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium lactate and sodium acetate on the microbiological population and shelf-life of raw chicken breasts. In both experiments, raw chicken breasts were randomly subjected to treatments containing 0, 0.87 or 1.74% sodium lactate or 1.74% sodium acetate, 3.48% sodium acetate, or the combination of 1.74% sodium lactate and 1.74% sodium acetate. All treatments contained sodium phosphate, sodium chloride and varied levels of distilled water. Samples were refrigerated (2 to 3°C) and aerobic plate counts (APC) were conducted every 3 days. The experimental period was Exp. 1, 0 to 14 days and Exp. 2, 0 to 39 days. In Exp. 1, sodium acetate lowered APC (P < 0.05) in samples at days 3, 6 and 14 compared to the control. Either 0.87 or 1.74% sodium acetate was most effective at controlling bacteria growth. In Exp. 2, the addition of 1.74 or 3.48% sodium acetate alone or in combination with sodium lactate had lower APC (P < 0.05) than 1.74% sodium lactate and control samples. The combination of 1.74% sodium lactate and 1.74% sodium acetate was the most effective in reducing bacterial growth from days 3 to 15. In both experiments, sodium acetate was the most effective in inhibiting microbial growth.

	 

	Key words: Chicken breast, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, shelf-life.
Corrosion of Steel in Concrete (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Extent and cost of reinforcement corrosion Principles of reinforcement corrosion in concrete Chloride ingress and the corrosion threshold Carbonation of concrete and consequences of corrosion Methods of detecting and measuring corrosion and corrosion damage in concrete Methods of repairing and treating corrosion damage References Bibliography
N-acetylcysteine in preclinical mouse and baboon models of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2016)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a microangiopathic disorder diagnosed by thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia, associated with a deficiency in von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving protease ADAMTS13. Current treatment is based on plasma infusion for congenital TTP, or plasma exchange, often in combination with immunosuppressive agents, for acquired TTP. These treatment methods are not always effective; therefore, new treatment methods are highly necessary. <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine (NAC), an FDA-approved anti-mucolytic agent, is a possible new treatment strategy for TTP, as it was demonstrated to reduce disulfide bonds in VWF, thereby decreasing VWF multimers size and hence their prothrombotic potential. We investigated whether NAC, without concurrent plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy, is effective in preventing and resolving TTP signs, using well-established murine and baboon models for TTP. In mice, prophylactic administration of NAC was effective in preventing severe TTP signs. This in vivo finding was supported by in vitro data demonstrating the VWF multimer-reducing properties of NAC in solution. Nonetheless, in both mice and baboons, administration of NAC was not effective in resolving preexisting TTP signs; thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and organ damage could not be reversed, as thrombus resolution was not achieved. Failure to improve clinical outcome occurred even though a reduction in VWF multimers was observed, demonstrating that NAC was efficient in reducing disulfide bonds in circulating VWF multimers. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of NAC, without concurrent plasma exchange, was effective in preventing severe TTP signs in mice, but NAC was not effective in resolving preexistent acute TTP signs in mice and baboons.
Self-Aligned Double and Quadruple Patterning Aware Grid Routing Methods (2015)

Although self-aligned double and quadruple patterning (SADP, SAQP) have promising processes for sub-20 nm node advanced technologies and beyond, not all layouts are compatible with them. In advanced technologies, feasible wafer image should be generated effectively by utilizing SADP and SAQP where a wafer image is determined by a selected mandrel pattern. However, predicting a mandrel pattern is not easy since it is different from the wafer image (or target pattern). In this paper, we propose new routing methods for spacer-is-dielectric (SID)-type SADP, SID-type SAQP, and spacer-is-metal (SIM)-type SADP to generate a feasible layout satisfying the connection requirements. Routing algorithms comprising simple connecting and cutting rules are performed on a new grid structure where two (SID-type SADP) or three colors (SID-type SAQP and SIM-type SADP) are assigned alternately to grid-nodes. Then a mandrel pattern is selected without complex coloring or decomposition methods. Also, we try to reduce hotspots (potentially defective regions) by the proposed dummy pattern flipping for SID-type SADP. In experiments, feasible layouts meeting the connection requirements are generated and the effectiveness of the proposed framework is confirmed.
Investigation of Performance of Distributed Complex Systems Using Information-theoretic Means and Genetic Algorithms (2007)

An investigation is conducted into performance measures to evaluate network-centric systems via their information or other flow properties. To approach this problem, concepts are borrowed from Graph Theory Information Theory, and current methods to analyze network-centric systems. A number of tools are presented to help better understand how to measure the flow in distributed networks. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by taking a known distributed paradigm (logistics system) and examining situations that produce maximum and minimum flow conditions. The optimization problem involving flow variables is computationally complex (NP-hard) and thus is determined via genetic algorithms.
Structure, Inheritance, and Expression of Hybrid Poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides) Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Genes (1993)

A heterologous probe encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was used to identify PAL clones in cDNA libraries made with RNA from young leaf tissue of two Populus deltoides x P. trichocarpa F1 hybrid clones. Sequence analysis of a 2.4-kb cDNA confirmed its identity as a full-length PAl clone. The predicted amino acid sequence is conserved in comparison with that of PAL genes from several other plants. Southern blot analysis of popular genomic DNA from parental and hybrid individuals, restriction site polymorphism in PAL cDNA clones, and sequence heterogeneity in the 3' ends of several cDNA clones suggested that PAL is encoded by at least two genes that can be distinguished by HindIII restriction site polymorphisms. Clones containing each type of PAL gene were isolated from a poplar genomic library. Analysis of the segregation of PAL-specific HindIII restriction fragment-length polymorphisms demonstrated the existence of two independently segregating PAL loci, one of which was mapped to a linkage group of the poplar genetic map. Developmentally regulated PAL expression in poplar was analyzed using RNA blots. Highest expression was observed in young stems, apical buds, and young leaves. Expression was lower in older stems and undetectable in mature leaves. Cellular localization of PAL expression by in situ hybridization showed very high levels of expression in subepidermal cells of leaves early during leaf development. In stems and petioles, expression was associated with subepidermal cells and vascular tissues.
Protein misfolding specifies recruitment to cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (2016)

Inclusion bodies (IBs) containing aggregated disease-associated proteins and polyubiquitin (poly-Ub) conjugates are universal histopathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Ub has been proposed to target proteins to IBs for degradation via autophagy, but the mechanisms that govern recruitment of ubiquitylated proteins to IBs are not well understood. In this paper, we use conditionally destabilized reporters that undergo misfolding and ubiquitylation upon removal of a stabilizing ligand to examine the role of Ub conjugation in targeting proteins to IBs that are composed of an N-terminal fragment of mutant huntingtin, the causative protein of Huntington's disease. We show that reporters are excluded from IBs in the presence of the stabilizing ligand but are recruited to IBs after ligand washout. However, we find that Ub conjugation is not necessary to target reporters to IBs. We also report that forced Ub conjugation by the Ub fusion degradation pathway is not sufficient for recruitment to IBs. Finally, we find that reporters and Ub conjugates are stable at IBs. These data indicate that compromised folding states, rather than conjugation to Ub, can specify recruitment to IBs.
Light Scattering Loss and Glass Transition Temperature of Optical Polymer Glass. (1996)

光学ポリマー固体の散乱損失の低減化におけるガラス転移温度 (Tg) の役割, また, ガラス状態におけるポリマー固体の本質的な光散乱損失とポリマー分子構造の関係について述べた. 代表的光学ポリマーであるポリメタクリル酸メチル固体を試料として検討した結果, 無定形ポリマーをTg以上の温度で重合するか, 熱処理することにより, 内部に不均質構造を持たない揺動説の理論値とほぼ等しい低散乱損失ポリマーが作製されるという低散乱損失化へのアプローチが得られた. また, ガラス状態における光学ポリマー固体の本質的な光散乱損失を, 熱運動によるゆらぎはTgでの状態が凍結されると考えることにより, ポリマー分子構造のみから予測できることが明らかとなった.
Two HEPN domains dictate CRISPR RNA maturation and target cleavage in Cas13d (2019)

Cas13d, the type VI-D CRISPR-Cas effector, is an RNA-guided ribonuclease that has been repurposed to edit RNA in a programmable manner. Here we report the detailed structural and functional analysis of the uncultured Ruminococcus sp. Cas13d (UrCas13d)-crRNA complex. Two hydrated Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions aid in stabilizing the conformation of the crRNA repeat region. Sequestration of divalent metal ions does not alter pre-crRNA processing, but abolishes target cleavage by UrCas13d. Notably, the pre-crRNA processing is executed by the HEPN-2 domain. Furthermore, both the structure and sequence of the nucleotides U(-8)-C(-1) within the repeat region are indispensable for target cleavage, and are specifically recognized by UrCas13d. Moreover, correct base pairings within two separate spacer regions (an internal and a 3'-end region) are essential for target cleavage. These findings provide a framework for the development of Cas13d into a tool for a wide range of applications.
CacyBP/SIP Expression is Involved in the Clinical Progression of Breast Cancer (2010)

CacyBP/SIP expression is evident in more advanced clinical progression of breast cancer, and it might be a biomarker for poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Use of Anti-Aedes aegypti Salivary Extract Antibody Concentration to Correlate Risk of Vector Exposure and Dengue Transmission Risk in Colombia (2013)

Norte de Santander is a region in Colombia with a high incidence of dengue virus (DENV). In this study, we examined the serum concentration of anti-Aedes salivary gland extract (SGE) antibodies as a biomarker of DENV infection and transmission, and assessed the duration of anti-SGE antibody concentration after exposure to the vector ceased. We also determined whether SGE antibody concentration could differentiate between positive and negative DENV infected individuals and whether there are differences in exposure for each DENV serotype. We observed a significant decrease in the concentration of IgG antibodies at least 40 days after returning to an "Ae. aegypti-free" area. In addition, we found significantly higher anti-SGE IgG concentrations in DENV positive patients with some difference in exposure to mosquito bites among DENV serotypes. We conclude that the concentration of IgG antibodies against SGE is an accurate indicator of risk of dengue virus transmission and disease presence.
Novel design possibilities for dual-mode filters without intracavity couplings (2002)

This letter presents coupling schemes and design guidelines for dual-mode filters without intracavity couplings. Examples of filters of orders two and four are presented to document the flexibility of these solutions. These coupling schemes allow the change of transmission zeros from either side of the passband to the other by only detuning the resonators and without changing the coupling coefficients.
Surfactant-Assisted Metallorganic CVD of (111)-Oriented Copper Films with Excellent Surface Smoothness (1999)

In chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of copper, adsorption of iodine on the growing film surface greatly suppresses the development of surface roughness such that thick films show a root‐mean‐square roughness and a high specular reflectance of 85% for a laser beam. The films are predominantly (111)‐oriented regardless of the deposition conditions, whereas without iodine adsorption, the film texture depends on the substrate temperature. The results are attributed to the surfactant effects of the adsorbed iodine atoms to promote lateral growth. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Fluorescence of bioaerosols: mathematical model including primary fluorescing and absorbing molecules in bacteria (2013)

This paper describes a mathematical model of fluorescent biological particles composed of bacteria, viruses, or proteins. The fluorescent and/or light absorbing molecules included in the model are amino acids (tryptophan, etc.); nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, etc.); coenzymes (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides, flavins, and vitamins B₆ and K and variants of these); and dipicolinates. The concentrations, absorptivities, and fluorescence quantum yields are estimated from the literature, often with large uncertainties. The bioparticles in the model are spherical and homogeneous. Calculated fluorescence cross sections for particles excited at 266, 280, and 355 nm are compared with measured values from the literature for several bacteria, bacterial spores and albumins. The calculated 266- and 280-nm excited fluorescence is within a factor of 3.2 of the measurements for the vegetative cells and proteins, but overestimates the fluorescence of spores by a factor of 10 or more. This is the first reported modeling of the fluorescence of bioaerosols in which the primary fluorophores and absorbing molecules are included.
Consult older people about healthy ageing (1999)

When designing and evaluating strategies to promote healthy ageing, a focus on quality of life was much more appropriate and relevant to older people themselves. Older people should be involved in developing strategies that promote older people's self worth, their community involvement and social networks. (non-author abstract)
Simultaneous Estimation of Input Functions: An Empirical Study (2009)

In neuroreceptor mapping, methods for the estimation of distribution volume require determination of a metabolite-corrected arterial input function. In application, this may be accomplished by collecting arterial blood samples during scanning, adjusting these measurements according to a separate metabolite analysis, and then modeling the resulting concentration data. Although many groups do this routinely, it is invasive and requires considerable effort. Furthermore, both the plasma and the metabolite data are noisy, and thus estimation of kinetic parameters can be affected by this variability. One promising alternative to full-input function modeling is the simultaneous estimation (SIME) approach, in which kinetic parameters and common input function parameters are estimated using results obtained from several regions at once. We investigate the performance of this approach on data from four different radioligands, using various kinetic models, comparing the results with those obtained by estimation using full-input function modeling. Results indicate that SIME provides a promising alternative for all the radioligands considered.
Sensor design for outdoor racing bicycle field testing for human vibration comfort evaluation (2013)

This paper is concerned with the vibrational comfort evaluation of the cyclist when cycling a rough surface. Outdoor comfort tests have so far only been done through instrumenting the bicycle with accelerometers. This work instruments a racing bicycle with custom-made contact force sensors and velocity sensors to acquire human comfort through the absorbed power method. Comfort evaluation is assessed at the hand–arm and seat interface of the cyclist with the bicycle. By means of careful finite-element analysis for designing the force gauges at the handlebar and the seat combined with precise calibration of both force and velocity sensors, all sensors have proven to work properly. Initial field tests are focused on the proper functioning of the designed sensors and their suitability for vibration comfort measurements. Tests on a cobblestone road reveal that the outcome of the absorbed power values is within the same range as those from laboratory tests found in the literature. This sensor design approach for outdoor testing with racing bicycles may give a new interpretation on evaluating the cyclist's comfort since the vibrational load is not only quantified in terms of acceleration but also in terms of force and velocity at the bicycle–cyclist contact points.
An RFID based technique for handling object distribution and recalls in pervasive transaction environments (2005)

A completely visible pervasive transaction environment where it is possible to link all related distributions of physical objects and trace their mobility through their entire life process, has been elusive. With the emergence of radio frequency identification (RFID) based object tags, it is now practicable to automatically collect information pertaining to the object's place, time, transaction, etc. We propose an architecture for pervasive real-time tracking of object distribution and subsequently present an efficient mechanism for performing recall of RFID tagged objects that were previously distributed but turned out defective. Applying the concepts of scale free networks and epidemic theory, we mathematically model the distribution and recall process and get a stochastic estimate of the average spread of object distributions and the number of recall messages required. Our simulation results validate the analysis and the small average number of recall messages obtained proves the efficacy of the scheme.
Using a Floating-Gate MOS Transistor as a Transducer in a MEMS Gas Sensing System (2010)

Floating-gate MOS transistors have been widely used in diverse analog and digital applications. One of these is as a charge sensitive device in sensors for pH measurement in solutions or using gates with metals like Pd or Pt for hydrogen sensing. Efforts are being made to monolithically integrate sensors together with controlling and signal processing electronics using standard technologies. This can be achieved with the demonstrated compatibility between available CMOS technology and MEMS technology. In this paper an in-depth analysis is done regarding the reliability of floating-gate MOS transistors when charge produced by a chemical reaction between metallic oxide thin films with either reducing or oxidizing gases is present. These chemical reactions need temperatures around 200 °C or higher to take place, so thermal insulation of the sensing area must be assured for appropriate operation of the electronics at room temperature. The operation principle of the proposal here presented is confirmed by connecting the gate of a conventional MOS transistor in series with a Fe(2)O(3) layer. It is shown that an electrochemical potential is present on the ferrite layer when reacting with propane.
Inhibitory Effects of Topical Thymoquinone on Corneal Neovascularization (2007)

Thymoquinone was shown to have an inhibitory effect, comparable with that of triamcinolone, on corneal neovascularization in this rat model. However, thymoquinone decreased corneal neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner.