gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Cases of ANCA-associated Pauci-immune Glomerulonephritis with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2010)

Renal involvement is one of the extra-articular manifestations found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Membranous glomerulonephopathy, membranoproliferative glomeruonophritis, secondary amyloidosis, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are reported as pathologic diagnoses of renal involvement. However, reports of renal involvement in patients with RA and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis are rare. Recently, we experienced two patients with RA who developed azotemia and were finally diagnosed with ANCA-associated pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Because of the rarity of these cases, we report two cases in patients with RA with a literature review.
Weight Trimming and Propensity Score Weighting (2011)

Propensity score weighting is sensitive to model misspecification and outlying weights that can unduly influence results. The authors investigated whether trimming large weights downward can improve the performance of propensity score weighting and whether the benefits of trimming differ by propensity score estimation method. In a simulation study, the authors examined the performance of weight trimming following logistic regression, classification and regression trees (CART), boosted CART, and random forests to estimate propensity score weights. Results indicate that although misspecified logistic regression propensity score models yield increased bias and standard errors, weight trimming following logistic regression can improve the accuracy and precision of final parameter estimates. In contrast, weight trimming did not improve the performance of boosted CART and random forests. The performance of boosted CART and random forests without weight trimming was similar to the best performance obtainable by weight trimmed logistic regression estimated propensity scores. While trimming may be used to optimize propensity score weights estimated using logistic regression, the optimal level of trimming is difficult to determine. These results indicate that although trimming can improve inferences in some settings, in order to consistently improve the performance of propensity score weighting, analysts should focus on the procedures leading to the generation of weights (i.e., proper specification of the propensity score model) rather than relying on ad-hoc methods such as weight trimming.
Enhanced "Second Kick" methods for on-line dynamic security assessment (1996)

Time domain-based online power system dynamic security assessment (DSA) systems require a fast and reliable method to calculate the stability margin. B.C. Hydro's online DSA uses the Second Kick method which proves to be an elegant and reliable method for margin calculation. The Second Kick technique although simple in concept, in its original implementation requires the application of two artificial faults. It also requires a "snapshot" option in the simulation program to save the system conditions at a point for later retrieval. In this paper, two new Second Kick methods namely Kiana and Fast Second Kick are devised and compared to the original method in terms of implementation requirements and computational effort. The above three techniques have been tested on the large scale systems of B.C. Hydro and Hydro Quebec. The results show that all three methods predict the stability limits accurately. They also indicate that the Fast Second Kick method is twice as fast as the original method whereas the Kiana method takes three times longer than the original method. Both of the new techniques remove the requirement for a snapshot resulting in easier implementation.
A Machine Learning Approach for Medication Adherence Monitoring Using Body-Worn Sensors (2016)

One of the most important challenges in chronic disease self-management is medication non-adherence, which has irrevocable outcomes. Although many technologies have been developed for medication adherence monitoring, the reliability and cost-effectiveness of these approaches are not well understood to date. This paper presents a medication adherence monitoring system by user-activity tracking based on wrist-band wearable sensors. We develop machine learning algorithms that track wrist motions in real-time and identify medication intake activities. We propose a novel data analysis pipeline to reliably detect medication adherence by examining single-wrist motions. Our system achieves an accuracy of 78.3% in adherence detection without need for medication pillboxes and with only one sensor worn on either of the wrists. The accuracy of our algorithm is only 7.9% lower than a system with two sensors that track motions of both wrists.
Batch bulk-micromachined high-precision metal-on-insulator microspires and their application to scanning tunneling microscopy (2004)

A batch fabrication technology of high-precision metal-on-insulator microspires has been developed. In the fabrication process, only a self-convergent bulk micromachining by hydrofluoric acid isotropic etching is employed to sharpen fused silica. In the isotropic wet-etch process, convex corners, once they appear on the etched spires, are kept even in over-etching. This convex-corner preservation effect allows us to define the nanometer-scale profiles at the apex of the spires with micrometer-scale mask patterns. By sputtering platinum on the fabricated silica spires, we have succeeded in building exceptionally tall (0.15 mm) and nanopointed (50 nm curvature radius) metal-on-insulator spires having our designed apex structure. Clear scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface have been obtained by applying the microspire to an STM probe, thus verifying their applicability to an STM tip.
The Therapeutic Potential of Monocyte/Macrophage Manipulation in the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Painful Neuropathy (2017)

In cancer treatments a dose-limiting side-effect of chemotherapeutic agents is the development of neuropathic pain, which is poorly managed by clinically available drugs at present. Chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy (CIPN) is a major cause of premature cessation of treatment and so a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the development of novel, more effective therapies, is greatly needed. In some cases, only a weak correlation between chemotherapy-induced pain and neuronal damage is observed both clinically and preclinically. As such, a critical role for non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, and their communication with neurons in CIPN has recently been appreciated. In this mini-review, we will discuss preclinical evidence for the role of monocytes/macrophages in the periphery in CIPN, with a focus on that which is associated with the chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and paclitaxel. In addition we will discuss the potential mechanisms that regulate monocyte/macrophage-neuron crosstalk in this context. Informed by preclinical data, we will also consider the value of monocytes/macrophages as therapeutic targets for the treatment of CIPN clinically. Approaches that manipulate the signaling pathways discussed in this review show both promise and potential pitfalls. Nonetheless, they are emerging as innovative therapeutic targets with CX<sub>3</sub>CL<sub>1</sub>/R<sub>1</sub>-regulation of monocyte/macrophage-neuron communication currently emerging as a promising front-runner.
Baseline correction for Raman spectra using an improved asymmetric least squares method (2014)

The proposed IAsLS method is successfully applied to practical Raman spectral baseline correction.
Leveraging 3D models for SAR-based navigation in GPS-denied environments (2018)

In this paper, we consider use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to provide absolute platform position information in scenarios where GPS signals may be degraded, jammed, or spoofed. Two algorithms are presented, and both leverage known 3D ground structure in an area of interest, e.g. provided by LIDAR data, to provide georeferenced position information to airborne SAR platforms. The first approach is based on the wide-aperture layover properties of elevated reflectors, while the second approach is based on correlating backprojected imagery with digital elevation imagery. Building on 3D backprojection, localization solutions result from non-convex optimization problems based on image sharpness or correlation measures. Results using measured GOTCHA data demonstrate localization errors of only a few meters with initial uncertainty regions as large as 16 km<sup>2</sup>.
Phosphocreatine, an intracellular high-energy compound, is found in the extracellular fluid of the seminal vesicles in mice and rats. (1988)

High levels of phosphocreatine, a compound known to serve as an intracellular energy reserve, were found in the fluid contained in seminal vesicle glands. The concentrations of phosphocreatine in the extracellular fluid in the mouse and rat were found to be 5.6 +/- 1.6 and 2.2 +/- 0.8 mumol/g, respectively, which are higher than the intracellular levels reported for smooth muscles. The creatine concentrations in the seminal vesicular fluid from these two species were 22.8 +/- 3.1 and 13.0 +/- 5.3 mumol/g, respectively. These creatine levels are approximately 100 and 65 times higher than the creatine levels in mammalian blood. Smaller amounts of ATP (phosphocreatine/ATP ratio of 20-40) and traces of ADP were also found. Comparison of the pattern of distribution of macromolecules (proteins and DNA) with the distribution of phosphocreatine between the cells and the fluid of the seminal vesicle indicates that cell lysis did not account for the phosphocreatine in the seminal vesicle fluid. Rather, the available evidence strongly suggests that this high-energy compound is actively secreted. We found that in the testes, the sperm are exposed to the highest known creatine concentration in any mammalian tissue studied. Based on these results and other recent reports, we propose that the extracellular phosphocreatine, ATP, and creatine are involved in sperm metabolism.
Neue saure Komplexone mit Bipyridin‐Ankergruppen und ihre Kation‐Selektivität (1985)

Die neuen sauren Komplexone 2a und 3a mit Bipyridin-Ankergruppen wurden synthetisiert. Ihre Komplexbildungs-Konstanten und -Selektivitäten gegenüber verschiedenen Metallionen wurden durch potentiometrische Titration in Wasser bestimmt und mit denen von EDTA und anderen Komplexonen verglichen: 2a bildet vor allem mit den Metallionen Zn2 +, Cd2 +, Mn2 + bemerkenswerte stabile Komplexe, während die Komplex-Stabilitäten für Ca2 +, Mg2 + im üblichen Bereich liegen. Demgegenüber sind die Erdalkalimetallkomplexe von 3a beträchtlich stabiler und weisen bei ausgeprägter Peak-Selektivität für Ca2 + mit EDTA vergleichbar hohe Komplexkonstanten auf (Abb. 1). New Acidic Complexons with Bipyridine Anchor Groups and their Cation Selectivity The new acidic complexons 2a and 3a bearing a bipyridine anchor group have been synthesized. Selectivity and stability of the complexes with several metal ions were determined by potentiometric titration and compared to those of EDTA and other complexons: Ligand 2a in particular forms remarkable stable complexes with Zn2 +, Cd2 +, and Mn2 +, while the stability constants of the Ca2 + - and Mg2 + complexes are of usual magnitude. On the other hand, the alkaline earth metal complexes of 3a are more stable and comparable to those of EDTA with a pronounced peak selectivity towards Ca2 +.
Polymeric Microcapsules of Alachlor and Metolachlor:  Preparation and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Properties (1999)

The microencapsulation of alachlor and metolachlor in the polymers cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(α-methylstyrene) with different emulsifiers is described. The controlled-release properties of these formulations were measured under greenhouse conditions on barnyardgrass, crowfootgrass, smallflower morningglory, and Palmer amaranth. The emulsifiers had little effect on the activity of the herbicides. The herbicidal activities of the poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(α-methylstyrene) formulations were consistently lower on all weed species when compared to the activities of the cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, and commercial formulations. The ethyl cellulose formulation of alachlor exhibited controlled-release properties. The results with metolachlor were similar to those with alachlor except that none of the metolachlor formulations exhibited efficacy superior to that of the commercial formulation or controlled release properties. Keywords: Formulation; microencapsulation; persistence; herbicide activity
A 0.5 V Operation $V _{\rm TH}$ Loss Compensated DRAM Word-Line Booster Circuit for Ultra-Low Power VLSI Systems (2011)

A low power high-speed word-line booster is proposed for 0.5 V operation embedded and discrete DRAMs. To realize the low power LSIs it is important to decrease the supply voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ) to e.g., 0.5 V because the active power consumption of LSIs strongly depends on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> . When the 0.5 V <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> is adopted, widely used RAM, SRAM is difficult to operate because the SRAM is sensitive to the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> variation. DRAM has a potential to operate at such low <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> . As the key technology to realize 0.5 V operation DRAM, this paper proposes the word-line booster circuit. The theoretical equation of the output voltage and the energy consumption of the proposed booster is extensively investigated. The proposed booster outputs 1.4 V in 3 clock cycles, which is shorter than the DRAM access time and the power consumption is 60 pJ. 1.4 V is the required word-line voltage to successfully charge the DRAM cell capacitor. Compared with the conventional boosters, the rising time and the power consumption are decreased to 38% and 68%, respectively, with the same circuit area. The proposed circuit was fabricated with the 0.18 μm standard CMOS process and the high-speed boosting is experimentally demonstrated.
Linkage in cultured Chinese hamster cells of two genes, emtB and leuS, involved in protein synthesis and isolation of cell lines with mutations in three linked genes. (1980)

We have determined via segregation analyses from appropriate hybrids that two genes involved in protein synthesis, one encoding for a ribosomal protein (emtB) and one encoding for leucyl-tRNA synthetase (leuS), cosegregate at a very high frequency and are linked in both Chinese hamster ovary and lung cells. In contrast, the emtA locus, defined by a second complementation group of emetine-resistant mutants which also have alterations affecting protein synthesis and probably the ribosome, is not linked to leuS. In addition, we have determined that a third gene, one that can be altered to give rise to chromate resistance, is syntenic with emtB and leuS. We have selected cell lines with mutations in each of these three linked genes and have shown that the three loci cosegregate at a high frequency. Because the mutations in these three linked genes provide easily distinguishable phenotypes, these cell lines should provide a powerful tool for examining several important questions concerning mitotic recombination in somatic cells.
Repression of liver-specific hepatitis B virus enhancer 2 activity by adenovirus E1A proteins (1992)

Two regions of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome have been shown to display properties of a transcriptional enhancer. Enhancer 1 is active in most hepatoma lines examined as well as in some non-hepatocyte-derived cell lines. In contrast, enhancer 2 activity is strictly liver specific. In this study, we show that adenovirus E1A expression in the highly differentiated human hepatoma line Huh6 strongly inhibits HBV enhancer 2-stimulated transcription while having no effect on HBV enhancer 1 activity. A sequence motif in HBV enhancer 2 which is essential for its enhancer function is the target for E1A-mediated repression. The repression of HBV enhancer 2 activity is mediated through the N-terminal region of the E1A proteins known to bind a 300-kDa cellular protein. Our results suggest that HBV enhancer function may be modulated by a cellular mechanism similar to E1A-mediated transcriptional repression.
Dispersion-based stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy, holography, and optical coherence tomography (2016)

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) enables fast, high resolution imaging of chemical constituents important to biological structures and functional processes, both in a label-free manner and using exogenous biomarkers. While this technology has shown remarkable potential, it is currently limited to point scanning and can only probe a few Raman bands at a time (most often, only one). In this work we take a fundamentally different approach to detecting the small nonlinear signals based on dispersion effects that accompany the loss/gain processes in SRS. In this proof of concept, we demonstrate that the dispersive measurements are more robust to noise compared to amplitude-based measurements, which then permit spectral or spatial multiplexing (potentially both, simultaneously). Finally, we illustrate how this method may enable different strategies for biochemical imaging using phase microscopy and optical coherence tomography.
Network degeneration and dysfunction in presymptomatic C9ORF72 expansion carriers (2016)

Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in <i>C9ORF72</i> are the most common known genetic cause of familial and sporadic frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Previous work has shown that patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia due to <i>C9ORF72</i> show salience and sensorimotor network disruptions comparable to those seen in sporadic behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, but it remains unknown how early in the lifespan these and other changes in brain structure and function arise. To gain insights into this question, we compared 15 presymptomatic carriers (age 43.7 ± 10.2 years, nine females) to matched healthy controls. We used voxel-based morphometry to assess gray matter, diffusion tensor imaging to interrogate white matter tracts, and task-free functional MRI to probe the salience, sensorimotor, default mode, and medial pulvinar thalamus-seeded networks. We further used a retrospective chart review to ascertain psychiatric histories in carriers and their non-carrier family members. Carriers showed normal cognition and behavior despite gray matter volume and brain connectivity deficits that were apparent as early as the fourth decade of life. Gray matter volume deficits were topographically similar though less severe than those in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia due to <i>C9ORF72</i>, with major foci in cingulate, insula, thalamus, and striatum. Reduced white matter integrity was found in the corpus callosum, cingulum bundles, corticospinal tracts, uncinate fasciculi and inferior longitudinal fasciculi. Intrinsic connectivity deficits were detected in all four networks but most prominent in salience and medial pulvinar thalamus-seeded networks. Carrier and control groups showed comparable relationships between imaging metrics and age, suggesting that deficits emerge during early adulthood. Carriers and non-carrier family members had comparable lifetime histories of psychiatric symptoms. Taken together, the findings suggest that presymptomatic <i>C9ORF72</i> expansion carriers exhibit functionally compensated brain volume and connectivity deficits that are similar, though less severe, to those reported during the symptomatic phase. The early adulthood emergence of these deficits suggests that they represent aberrant network patterning during development, an early neurodegeneration prodrome, or both.
Efficacy of Cold Gel for Soft Tissue Injuries (2003)

Cold gel therapy provided an effective and safe treatment for sports-related soft tissue injuries.
Learning active facial patches for expression analysis (2012)

In this paper, we present a new idea to analyze facial expression by exploring some common and specific information among different expressions. Inspired by the observation that only a few facial parts are active in expression disclosure (e.g., around mouth, eye), we try to discover the common and specific patches which are important to discriminate all the expressions and only a particular expression, respectively. A two-stage multi-task sparse learning (MTSL) framework is proposed to efficiently locate those discriminative patches. In the first stage MTSL, expression recognition tasks, each of which aims to find dominant patches for each expression, are combined to located common patches. Second, two related tasks, facial expression recognition and face verification tasks, are coupled to learn specific facial patches for individual expression. Extensive experiments validate the existence and significance of common and specific patches. Utilizing these learned patches, we achieve superior performances on expression recognition compared to the state-of-the-arts.
Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Effect of Hemodilution with α-α Cross-Linked Hemoglobin on Brain Injury and Edema (1993)

The effect of hemodilution, with alpha-alpha cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb), on brain injury and edema was assessed after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Injury was analyzed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain and edema by microgravimety. Part A: DCLHb was given to maintain one of the following hematocrits (Hct) and normotension: 1) 45/Hct, 2) 30/Hct, 3) 16/Hct, or 4) 9/Hct. Brain injury (% of ischemic hemisphere, mean +/- SD) was less in the 30/Hct group (31 +/- 4) versus the 45/Hct group (42 +/- 5); and in the 16/Hct (20 +/- 3) and 9/Hct (19 +/- 4) groups versus the 45/Hct and 30/Hct groups. Edema was less in the hemodiluted groups versus the 45/Hct group. Part B: DCLHb was given to maintain one of the following hematocrits and hyper (HTN)-or normotension (Norm): 1) 45/Norm, 2) 30/Norm, 3) 30/HTN, 4) 16/Norm, or 5) 16/HTN. In hematocrit matched groups hypertension decreased brain injury (30/HTN-24 +/- 2 < 30/Norm-34 +/- 4; and 16/HTN-17 +/- 3 < 16/Norm-24 +/- 4). Edema was not effected by hypertension. These results suggest that hemodilution with DCLHb decreases focal ischemic injury, and is most effective when given in a manner that induces hypertension.