gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depth-based 3d videos: quality measurement and synthesized view enhancement (2012)

Three dimensional television (3DTV) is believed to be the future of television broadcasting that will replace current 2D HDTV technology. In the future, 3DTV will bring a more life-like and visually immersive home entertainment experience, in which users will have the freedom to navigate through the scene to choose a different viewpoint. A desired view can be synthesized at the receiver side using depth image-based rendering (DIBR). While this approach has many advantages, one of the key challenges in DIBR is generating high quality synthesized views. This work presents novel methods to measure and enhance the quality of 3D videos generated through DIBR.
For quality measurements we describe a novel method to characterize and measure distortions by multiple cameras used to capture stereoscopic images. In addition, we present an objective quality measure for DIBR-based 3D videos by evaluating the elements of visual discomfort in stereoscopic 3D videos. We also introduce a new concept called the ideal depth estimate, and define the tools to estimate that depth. Full-reference and no-reference profiles for calculating the proposed measures are also presented.
Moreover, we introduce two innovative approaches to improve the quality of the synthesized views generated by DIBR. The first approach is based on hierarchical blending of the background and foreground information around the disocclusion areas which produces a natural looking, synthesized view with seamless hole-filling. This approach yields virtual images that are free of any geometric distortions, unlike other algorithms that preprocess the depth map. In contrast to the other hole-filling approaches, our approach is not sensitive to depth maps with high percentage of bad pixels from stereo matching. The second approach further enhances the results through a depth-adaptive preprocessing of the colored images.
Finally, we propose an enhancement over depth estimation algorithm using the depth monocular cues from luminance and chrominance. The estimated depth will be evaluated using our quality measure, and the hole-filling algorithm will be used to generate synthesized views. This application will demonstrate how our quality measures and enhancement algorithms could help in the development of high quality stereoscopic depth-based synthesized videos.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Bladder Wall Mechanical Properties as a Function of Filling Volume: Potential Application in Bladder Compliance Assessment (2016)

The utility of UBV as a method to monitor changes in bladder wall mechanical properties is validated by the high correlation with pressure measurements in ex vivo and in vivo patient studies. High correlation UBV and UDS in vivo studies demonstrated the potential of UBV as a bladder compliance assessment tool. Results of studies on healthy volunteers with normal bladders demonstrated that UBV could be performed noninvasively. Further studies on a larger cohort are needed to fully validate the use of UBV as a clinical tool for bladder compliance assessment.
Cellular integrins function as entry receptors for human cytomegalovirus via a highly conserved disintegrin-like domain (2004)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is capable of manifesting disease in nearly every organ system in immunocompromised patients. This broad pathogenic tropism correlates with the ability of the virus to infect all tested vertebrate cell types in vitro, a characteristic that has made receptor identification extremely difficult. During virus entry, HCMV induces cellular morphological changes and signaling cascades consistent with engagement of cellular integrins; however, HCMV structural proteins do not possess the widely used RGD integrin-binding motif. We identified an integrin-binding disintegrin-like domain within HCMV envelope glycoprotein B, a protein required for virus entry and fusion throughout the Herpesviridae. Accepted receptor criteria are met through the use of function-blocking integrin Abs, beta1 integrin knockout mouse fibroblasts, and glycoprotein B disintegrin-like peptides, all of which support a critical role for alpha2beta1, alpha6beta1, and alphaVbeta3 integrins as HCMV entry receptors and signaling mediators acting during the penetration stage of the entry pathway. Strikingly, the glycoprotein B disintegrin-like domain is conserved in many human and animal herpesviruses, suggesting that integrins may support entry across this medically important virus family.
Transcriptome profiling of a TGF-beta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition reveals extracellular clusterin as a target for therapeutic antibodies (2010)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a dual role in tumorigenesis, switching from acting as a growth inhibitory tumor suppressor early in the process, to a tumor promoter in late-stage disease. Since TGF-β's prometastatic role may be linked to its ability to induce tumor cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we explored TGF-β's EMT-promoting pathways by analysing the transcriptome changes occurring in BRI-JM01 mammary tumor epithelial cells undergoing a TGF-β-induced EMT. We found the clusterin gene to be the most highly upregulated throughout most of the TGF-β time course, and showed that this results in an increase of the secreted form of clusterin. By monitoring several hallmark features of EMT, we demonstrated that antibodies targeting secreted clusterin inhibit the TGF-β-induced EMT of BRI-JM01 cells, as well as the invasive phenotype of several other breast and prostate tumor cell lines (4T1, NMuMG, MDA-MB231LM2 and PC3), without affecting the proliferation of these cells. These results indicate that secreted clusterin is a functionally important EMT mediator that lies downstream within TGF-β's EMT-promoting transcriptional cascade, but not within its growth-inhibitory pathways. To further investigate the role played by secreted clusterin in tumor metastasis, we assessed the effect of several anti-clusterin monoclonal antibodies in vivo using a 4T1 syngeneic mouse breast cancer model and found that these antibodies significantly reduce lung metastasis. Taken together, our results reveal a role for secreted clusterin as an important extracellular promoter of EMT, and suggest that antibodies targeting clusterin may inhibit tumor metastasis without reducing the beneficial growth inhibitory effects of TGF-β.
High‐Contrast Reversible Fluorescence Photoswitching of Dye‐Crosslinked Dendritic Nanoclusters in Living Vertebrates (2012)

Dendrimers crosslinked with a photochromic diarylethene (blue in picture) were labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy3 (red) for reversible fluorescence photoswitching. If the obtained nanoclusters are irradiated with UV light, the Cy3 fluorescence is quenched by the diarylethene in its ring-closed form, whereas upon irradiation with visible light, the nanoclusters show fluorescence. High-contrast fluorescence imaging was achieved inside a living zebrafish.
Equilibrium and kinetic analysis of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus attachment to different insect cell lines (1992)

The kinetic and equilibrium attachment of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) to seven insect cell lines was evaluated. Kinetic experiments revealed differences of up to 10-fold in the infection rates among cell lines. Equilibrium binding also varied between cell lines and was saturable. The Tn 5B1-4 and Tn F cell lines had the highest virus binding affinities and infection rates and exhibited diffusion-limited attachment. The rate of infection appears to be limited by the rate of attachment. For the Tn 5B1-4 cells the physical to infective particle ratio for AcMNPV was 5.3. From the Scatchard analyses, the cell lines Tn 5B1-4 and Tn F displayed affinities of 2.35 x 10(10) M-1 and 1.60 x 10(10) M-1, respectively, with 6000 and 13,700 binding sites per cell. The insect cell line Hz 1075, which is not susceptible to AcMNPV infection, displayed a much lower, but saturable, binding of AcMNPV with 900 sites/cell and an affinity of 1.1 x 10(10) M-1. Unlabelled AcMNPV, but not Lymantria dispar MNPV could compete with labelled AcMNPV for binding sites. There were 93 to 96% reductions in virus cell binding following pretreatments of cells with three proteases, suggesting the involvement of a cellular protein component in virus binding. Tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation and expression of some membrane proteins on the cell surface, reduced virus binding in a dose-dependent manner suggesting a role for glycoprotein(s) in binding. However there was no evidence for the direct involvement of oligosaccharides in attachment. Metabolic inhibitors of oligosaccharide trimming and competition binding assays using simple sugars caused no measurable reductions in virus binding. These findings suggest that AcMNPV attachment to insect cells is receptor-mediated via a glycoprotein component(s); the direct involvement of oligosaccharide moieties in binding is unlikely.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 in diabetes care: Can glycaemic control be achieved without nausea and vomiting? (2021)

Introduced less than two decades ago, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists rapidly reshaped the field of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) care by providing glycaemic control in tandem with weight loss. However, FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonists are often accompanied by nausea and emesis and, in some lean T2DM patients, by undesired anorexia. Importantly, the hypophagic and emetic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists are caused by activation of central GLP-1 receptors. This review summarizes two different approaches to mitigate the incidence and severity of nausea and emesis related to GLP-1 receptor agonists: conjugation with vitamin B<sub>12</sub> , or related corrin ring-containing compounds ('corrination'), and development of dual agonists of GLP-1 receptors with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Such approaches could lead to the generation of GLP-1 receptor agonists with improved therapeutic efficacy, thus decreasing treatment attrition, increasing patient compliance and extending treatment to a broader population of T2DM patients. The data reviewed show that it is possible to pharmacologically separate the emetic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists from their glucoregulatory action. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc.
Development of an Automated Enzymatic Assay for the Determination of Glycated Serum Protein in Human Serum (2005)

Fructosamine, or glycated serum protein (GSP), is formed via a slow Maillard reaction between glucose and amino acid residues of proteins. In patients with diabetes, increased blood glucose correlates with increased formation of fructosamine. The fructosamine value is representative of the mean blood glucose concentration over the preceding 2–3 weeks (medium-term indicator), whereas measurement of glycohemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) offers the mean glucose concentration over a 6–8 week period (long-term indicator) and measurement of blood glucose gives only the current glucose concentration (transient or short-term indicator). Studies have shown that measurements of both glycohemoglobin and GSP are the most useful for monitoring long-term control of diabetes (1)(2). The reported reference GSP value for nondiabetic adults is <285 mmol/L (3); however, it is generally recommended that each clinical testing laboratory establish its own reference intervals to reflect the ages, sexes, diet, and geographic location of the testing population.

The Diazyme enzymatic assay for GSP uses a mixture of proteases, including proteinase K, to digest GSP into low–molecular-weight glycated protein fragments and uses Diazyme’s specific fructosaminase™, a microorganism-originated amadoriase to catalyze the oxidative degradation of Amadori product glycated protein fragments to yield protein fragments or amino …
Bright peak enhanced x-ray clear phase mask (2002)

A clear bright peak enhanced x-ray phase mask (BPEXPM) is described. It employs the constructive interference of spatially coherent radiation as opposed to the destructive interference that is used in all the other phase-shifting schemes. This type of mask shows ultrahigh resolution imaging, feature reduction from the mask critical dimension (CD), and enhanced transmission. It has been simulated and verified experimentally with a 320 nm mask CD. Specifically, the BPEXPM exhibits: (1) approximately three times higher effective sensitivity, 40 mJ/cm2 dose to mask for Shipley XP-9947E, a positive-tone chemically amplified resist that normally has a sensitivity of 120 mJ/cm2 in the x-ray region and (2) resolution of 54 nm features in XP-9947E at a 50 μm gap for a 320 nm mask CD. The simulation for the BPEXPM also predicts a wafer image CD of 31 nm at 10 μm gaps with a 150 nm mask CD.
Photochemical Cross-Linking for Collagen-Based Scaffolds: A Study on Optical Properties, Mechanical Properties, Stability, and Hematocompatibility (2007)

Collagen presents an attractive biomaterial for tissue engineering because of its excellent biocompatibility and negligible immunogenicity. However, some intrinsic features related to the mechanical stability and thrombogenicity limit its applications in orthopedic and vascular tissue engineering. Photochemical cross-linking is an emerging technique able to stabilize tissue grafts and improve the physicochemical properties of collagen-based structures. However, other important properties of collagen-based structures and the effect of processing parameters on these properties have not been explored. In this study, we aim to investigate the dose dependence of tensile and swelling properties on two parameters, namely, laser energy fluence and rose Bengal photosensitizer concentration. We also study the compression properties using cyclic compression test, long-term stability using subcutaneous implantation, and hematocompatibility using platelets adhesion test, of cross-linked collagen structures. Moreover, because limited optical penetration in turbid media is the major obstacle for light-based techniques, we also characterize the optical properties, which partially determine the effective optical penetration depth in collagen gel samples, during photochemical cross-linking. Laser energy fluence and rose Bengal concentration are important parameters affecting the cross-linking efficiency, which was characterized as the mechanical and the swelling properties, in a dose-dependent manner. Under the experimental conditions in this study, the peak fluence was 12.5 J/cm2 and the minimal rose Bengal concentration for effective cross-linking was >0.00008% (0.786 micromol). Photochemical cross-linking also enhanced the compression strength and long-term stability of collagen structures without compromising the tissue compatibility. Furthermore, photochemical cross-linking reduced platelet adhesion and abolished fibrin mesh formation, thereby improving the hematocompatibility of collagen structures. These results suggest the feasibility of using the photochemically cross-linked collagen structures for orthopedic and vascular tissue engineering. Finally, the effective optical penetration depth in collagen gel samples is wavelength and rose Bengal concentration dependent, and was approximately 12 mm at 514 nm at 0.001% (9.825 micromol), the rose Bengal concentration mostly used in this study.
Optimization and shape control of GaN nanopillars fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching (2012)

We report the systematic etching profile of GaN nano pillar structures using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching techniques. We were able to control the side wall angle, shape and dimension of such nanoscale structures by carefully selecting the etching parameters. We present the effects of variations of the etch parameters, such as ICP power, RF power, chamber pressure, and substrate temperature on the etch characteristics, such as etch rate, sidewall angle, anisotropy, mask erosion, and surface roughness. Utilizing such methods, we demonstrated the fabrication of nanoscale structures with designed shapes and dimensions over large area. Nanocolumns with diameter of 120 nm and height of 1.6 μm with sidewall angle of 86° (90° represent a vertical sidewall) were fabricated. Nanocones with tip diameter of 30 nm and height of 1.6 μm with sidewall angle of 70° were demonstrated. The structures produced by such top-down method could potentially be used in light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, photodetectors, vertical transistors, fieldemitters, and photovoltaic devices.
Targeting Fluorescent Sensors to Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes Enables Detection of Peroxynitrite During Cellular Phagocytosis (2018)

Peroxynitrite is a highly reactive oxidant derived from superoxide and nitric oxide. In normal vertebrate physiology, some phagocytes deploy this oxidant as a cytotoxin against foreign pathogens. To provide a new approach for detection of endogenous cellular peroxynitrite, we synthesized fluorescent sensors targeted to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The very high surface area of these membranes, approximately 30 times greater than the cellular plasma membrane, was envisioned as a vast intracellular platform for the display of sensors to transient reactive species. By linking an ER-targeted profluorophore to reactive phenols, sensors were designed to be cleaved by peroxynitrite and release a highly fluorescent ER-associated rhodol. Studies of kinetics in aqueous buffer revealed a linear free energy relationship where electron-donating substituents accelerate this reaction. However, in living cells, the efficiency of detection of endogenous cellular peroxynitrite was directly proportional to association with ER membranes. By incorporating a 2,6-dimethylphenol to accelerate the reaction and enhance this subcellular targeting, endogenous peroxynitrite in living RAW 264.7 macrophage cells could be readily detected after addition of antibody-opsonized tentagel microspheres, without additional stimulation, a process undetectable with other known fluorescent sensors. This approach provides uniquely sensitive tools for studies of transient reactive species in living mammalian cells.
3‐Acylamino‐azetidin‐2‐one as a Novel Class of Cysteine Proteases Inhibitors (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Monochromatic X-ray and XUV Imaging with Multilayer Optics (1988)

Abstract The development of techniques for the fabrication of multilayer coated mirrors which can function as energy selective X-ray and XUV mirrors at normal incidence has greatly expanded the options available to the astronomical spectroscopist. We have developed a rocket spectroheliograph which utilizes multilayer optics in three configurations: i) As Cassegrain telescopes for imaging at 256 Å (He II) and 173 Å (Fe IX, X); ii) As tertiary mirrors used with a conventional Wolter I telescope for imaging at 44 Å (Si XI, XII), 173 Å, and 256 Å; iii) As off-axis spherical mirrors for imaging at 44 Å and 256 Å. We report on laboratory images and performance measurements obtained with these optical systems, and briefly on Solar Observations.
A Dynamic Longest Prefix Matching Content Addressable Memory for IP Routing (2010)

An internet protocol (IP) router determines the next hop for a packet by finding the longest prefix match. This lookup often occurs in ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), which allows bit masking of the IP address. In this paper, an internet protocol content addressable memory (IPCAM) circuit that directly determines the longest prefix match to the stored address is described. The proposed IPCAM produces an encoded prefix match length that is limited by the prefix mask. Entries need not be sorted in order. One of the proposed IPCAM entries replaces on average 22 TCAM entries. Consequently the longest prefix matching CAM is less than 1/10 the size of the equivalent TCAM and dissipates 93.5% less dynamic power. The encoded outputs drive a priority encoder to determine the longest prefix match in the IPCAM arrays. A priority encoder circuit architecture appropriate to the unsorted IPCAM entries is also presented.
<title>Resonant microcavity projection displays</title> (1997)

In this paper we will outline the theoretical and practical advantages of projection displays based on resonant microcavities. We will present results recently obtained for Eu:Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> activated microcavities, compare them with theoretical models and discuss the impact of such devices. The extension to other optical systems will also be discussed.
Fast recovery protocol for database and link failures in mobile networks (2002)

An important issue in the design of future personal communication services (PCS) networks is the efficient management of location information. The current IS-41 standard PCS architecture uses a centralized database, the home location register (HLR), to store service and location information of each mobile registered in the PCS network. If the HLR fails, all incoming calls to a mobile from hosts which are not in the same location area as the mobile are lost. Location updates from mobiles to the HLR are also lost. Once the HLR is functional it can not direct calls to mobiles immediately as mobiles could have changed their location during the HLR's failure. Fast recovery from a failure of the HLR is hence important. A link failure in the network could partition the network resulting in a loss of location updates from mobiles affected by the failed link. We present a new protocol for fast recovery of the HLR after a HLR failure or an intermediate link failure. The protocol does not require use of wireless bandwidth during the recovery process, has a bounded recovery period and is simple to implement making it an appealing choice in the design of future mobile networks. We analyze the protocol in order to find a medium between protocol cost and the recovery interval.
Automobile shredder residue: Process developments for recovery of recyclable constituents (1990)

The objectives of this paper are threefold: (1) to briefly outline the structure of the automobile shredder industry as a supplier of ferrous scrap, (2) to review the previous research that has been conducted for recycling automobile shredder residue (ASR), and (3) to present the results and implications of the research being conducted at ANL on the development of a process for the selective recovery and recycling of the thermoplastics content of ASR. 15 refs., 5 figs.
Cloning and Expressional Characterization of a Novel Galanin Receptor (1997)

Galanin, a 29-30 amino acid neuropeptide, is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems and displays several important physiological activities. The actions are believed to be mediated through distinct G protein-coupled receptors. To date, two galanin receptor subtypes have been cloned. In this report, we describe the cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding a novel galanin receptor (GalR3). The receptor has 370 amino acids and shares 36 and 54% homology with the rat GalR1 and GalR2 receptors. 125I-Porcine galanin binds the rat GalR3 receptor expressed in COS-7 cells with high affinity (Kd = 0.6 nM) and could be displaced by galanin and galanin fragments and galanin-chimeric peptides. The pharmacological profile of this novel receptor is distinct from those of GalR1 and GalR2, revealing different pharmacophores within galanin for the three galanin receptor subtypes. Northern blot analysis showed expression in heart, spleen, and testis. Unlike GalR1 and GalR2, no expression of GalR3 was detectable in the brain, suggesting that GalR3 may mediate some of the peripheral functions of galanin.
Synthesis of 2‐Oxo‐2<i>H</i>‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo‐[2,3‐<i>c</i>]pyrimidine‐5‐carbamates (1983)

Abstract Thermal cyclization of the pyrimidine‐ N ‐oxide dicarbamate 2 gives a 95:5 mixture of the 2‐oxo‐2 H ‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[2,3‐ a ]‐ and [2,3‐ c ]pyrimidinecarbamates 3 and 4. An efficient procedure for the conversion of 3 to 4 , and vice versa , is described.