gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Descriptor for spatial distribution of motion activity for compressed video</title> (1999)

In this paper we present a new descriptor for spatial distribution of motion activity in video sequences. We use the magnitude of the motion vectors as a measure of the intensity of motion cavity in a macro-block. We construct a matrix C<SUB>mv</SUB> consisting of the magnitudes of the motion vector for each macro-block of a given P frame. We compute the average magnitude of the motion vector per macro-block C<SUB>avg</SUB>, and then use C<SUB>avg</SUB> as a threshold on the matrix C by setting the elements of C that are less than C<SUB>avg</SUB> to zero. We classify the runs of zeros into three categories based on length, and count the number of runs of each category in the matrix C. Our activity descriptor for a frame thus consists of four parameters viz. the average magnitude of the motion vectors and the numbers of runs of short, medium and long length. Since the feature extraction is in the compressed domain and simple, it is extremely fast. We have tested it on the MPEG-7 test content set, which consists of approximately 14 hours of MPEG-1 encoded video content of different kinds. We find that our descriptor enables fast and accurate indexing of video. It is robust to noise and changes in encoding parameters such as frame size, frame rate, encoding bit rate, encoding format etc. It is a low-level non-semantic descriptor that gives semantic matches within the same program, and is thus very suitable for applications such as video program browsing. We also find that indirect and computationally simpler measures of the magnitude of the motion vectors such as bits taken to encode the motion vectors, though less effective, also can be used in our run-length framework.
Specific architectures for optical parametric oscillators (2007)

Optical parametric oscillators are coherent light sources showing properties that are not encountered with usual laser sources. This article deals with optical architectures that take advantage of the specific properties of the three-wave mixing parametric interaction. We show that optical cavities can be specifically designed to increase either the optical conversion of the parametric process or to reduce dramatically the emitted line width.
<title>Video watermarking system for broadcast monitoring</title> (1999)

This paper presents a video watermarking technology for broadcast monitoring. The technology has been developed at the Philips Research Laboratories in Eindhoven in the context of the European ESPRIT project VIVA (Visual Identity Verification Auditor). The aim of the VIVA project is to investigate and demonstrate a professional broadcast surveillance system. The key technology in the VIVA project is a new video watermarking technique by the name of JAWS (Just Another Watermarking System). The JAWS system has been developed such that the embedded watermarks (1) are invisible, (2) are robust with respect to all common processing steps in the broadcast transmission chain, (3) have a very low probability of false alarms, (4) have a large payload at high rate, and (5) allow for a low complexity and a real-time detection. In this paper we present the basic ingredients of the JAWS technology. We also briefly discuss the performance of JAWS with respect to the requirements of broadcast monitoring.
New and Convenient Method for Incorporation of Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF<sub>5</sub>) Substituents Into Aliphatic Organic Compounds (2002)

[reaction: see text] Use of Et3B as a catalytic initiator allows the convenient, regiospecific, and highly stereoselective addition of SF5Cl in high yield to a variety of alkenes and alkynes.
Gradient moment nulling in fast spin echo (1994)

The fast spin echo sequence combines data from many echo signals in a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill echo train to form a single image. Much of the signal in the second and later echoes results from the coherent addition of stimulated echo signal components back to the spin echo signal. Because stimulated echoes experience no dephasing effects during the time that they are stored as Mz magnetization, they experience a different gradient first moment than does the spin echo. This leads to flow-related phase differences between different echo components and results in flow voids and ghosting, even when the first moment is nulled for the spin echo signal. A method of gradient moment nulling that correctly compensates both spin echo and stimulated echo components has been developed. The simplest solution involves nulling the first gradient moment at least at the RF pulses and preferably at both the RF pulses and the echoes. Phantom and volunteer studies demonstrate good suppression of flow-related artifacts.
The Family of Retinoblastoma Proteins (2001)

Our understanding of how the retinoblastoma family members, pRB/p105, pRB2/p130, and pRBL1/p107, regulate cellular properties has progressed significantly. Mechanisms have been described regarding how these proteins utilize properties of additional factors, such as histone deacetylases, to negatively regulate transcription. More importantly, the retinoblastoma proteins have been integrated within multiple cellular pathways, and a complex view has emerged on how the individual members respond to various external and internal stimuli. pRB/p105 is best described in its biochemical properties as well as in the resulting cellular functions. Less is known about pRB2/p130 and pRBL1/p107, but an improved map of their individual as well as redundant functions has been drawn over the last years. In this review we describe general aspects of the properties and functions of the three retinoblastoma family members and their protein-binding partners in cellular growth control.
Humanized telomeres and an attempt to express a functional human telomerase in yeast (2004)

The maintenance of telomeric repeat DNA depends on an evolutionarily conserved reverse trans criptase called telomerase. In vitro, only the catalytic subunit and a telomerase-associated RNA are required for the synthesis of species-specific repeat DNA. In an attempt to establish a heterologous system for the study of the human telomerase enzyme, we expressed the two core components and predicted regulatory subunits in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that adequate substrates for human telomerase can be generated; the expressed enzyme was localized in the nucleus and it had the capacity to synthesize human-specific repeats in vitro. However, there was no evidence for human telomerase activity at yeast telomeres in vivo. Therefore functional replacement of the yeast telomerase by the human enzyme may require additional human-specific components. We also replaced the template region of the yeast telomerase RNA with one that dictates the synthesis of vertebrate repeats and performed a detailed molecular analysis of the composition of the telomeres upon outgrowth of such strains. The results suggest that vertebrate repeats on yeast telomeres are subject to a very high degree of repeat turnover and show that an innermost tract of 50 bp of yeast repeats are resistant to replacement.
Next generation of multifunctional membranes for resource recovery (2014)

Polymeric membranes have become the crit. components of a broad range of sustainability and resource recovery\napplications including 1) energy generation and storage, 2) water desalination and reuse and 3) biopharmaceutical sepns. and\npurifications. During the last two decades, substantial research efforts have been devoted to the development of mixed matrix\nmembranes with embedded functional particles and nanomaterials. Such membranes are being designed to carry out\nmultiple functions (e.g. retention, sorption and catalysis) with improved properties and performance including higher\npermselectivity and flux, greater mech. strength and lower fouling propensity. Polymeric particles could provide greater\nflexibility for the prepn. of mixed matrix membranes with improved particle- matrix compatibility, particle loading, flux and\nselectivity. Polymeric particles can be prepd. with different sizes, shapes and morphologies. Their chem. can be tuned to\nproduce functional particles that can serve as org. sorbents, ion exchange media and affinity/chelating media making them\nparticularly attractive as building blocks for multifunctional membranes for the recovery of crit. materials and resources\nfrom solns. and impaired water including saline water and wastewater. In this presentation, we will describe a facile and simple\nroute to the prepn. of mixed matrix membranes with embedded functional polymeric particles. The crit. step of our novel\nmethodol. is the in-situ synthesis and functionalization of polymeric nano/microparticles in a dope soln. prior to membrane\ncasting. We highlight two applications of our new mixed matrix membranes with in- situ synthesized polymeric particles: 1)\nweak- base membrane absorbers for protein sepns. by ion exchange membrane chromatog. and 2) high flux and fouling\nresistant ultrafiltration membranes for microalgae recovery and harvesting from wastewater and culture media.
High Speed and Flexible Optical Transport Network (2015)

Optical network operators have been focused on increasing channel speeds and fiber capacities to meet high data traffic demand growth in past decades. Network efficiency improvement with flexible optics will be network operators’ next focus.
Application of Compact High-Performance Electron Spin Resonance for Malt Quality Estimation (2003)

The application of a compact high-performance electron spin resonance (ESR) instrument for quality control during malting was studied. The ESR can analyze not only liquids but also solid samples without complicated sample preparation procedures. The ESR spectrum of the green malt or malt was measured by using Mn2+ as an internal standard with a compact high-performance ESR spectrometer (ES-10; Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Tokyo). Routine malt quality tests were also carried out according to the methods of the European Brewery Convention. Barley, green malt, and malt showed one peak signal derived from a stable organic radical (g = 2.005). The signal intensity of the green malt or malt increased with the increasing steep-out moisture or germination time periods or both. The signal intensity of the malt showed a correlation with several parameters indicating malt modification, such as the Kolbach index, Hartong index at 45°C, diastatic power, viscosity, friability, and beta-glucan content. Therefore, the ESR analysis can be used as a simple quality control technique for malting.
Ionizing radiation detector using multimode optical fibers (1993)

An optical ionizing radiation detector, based on the attenuation of 850-nm light in 50/125- mu m multimode fibers, is described. The detection element consists of a section of coiled fibers that has been designed to strip higher-order optical modes. Cylindrical radiation shields with atomic numbers ranging from Z=13 (aluminium) to Z=82 (lead) are placed around the ionizing radiation detector so that the effectiveness of the detector can be measured. By exposing the shields and the detector to 1.25-MeV cobalt 60 radiation, the mass attenuation coefficients of the shields are measured. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy performed on the 50/125- mu m fibers shows the presence of germanium oxide and phosphorus-based color centers. The intensity of these centers is directly related to the accumulated gamma radiation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radiation Hardened By Design Digital I/O for High SEE and TID Immunity (2009)

Level shifting radiation hardening by design input and output (I/O) pads on a 90 nm process using triple modular redundancy for single event effect (SEE) mitigation with high total ionizing dose (TID) immunity are described. The designs use annular NMOS transistors for both thin and thick gate transistors. SEE mitigation is experimentally demonstrated by heavy ion measurements with LET <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> up to 220 MeV-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /mg with no failures. Measurements of the I/O standby leakage current after TID irradiation to 2 Mrad(Si) show no standby current increase.
High resolution bathymetric sidescan sonar (2003)

We have developed a high-resolution bathymetric sidescan sonar (HRBSSS). We suppose the sea bottom is modeled as a thin layer. And there is a phase error term at the phase of the space-time correlation function of the sonar array. This phase error term may be reduced by designing a sonar array suitably. Then the depth accuracy in the vicinity of the nadir is improved obviously. In the design of HRBSSS, we use the subspace-fitting techniques. HRBSSS can resolve the signals arriving from distinct directions concurrently, i.e. can resolve multiple angles-of-arrival in swath bathymetric imaging. HRBSSS has been equipped into an AUV and been tested in a deep lake in May 2001. From the data corrected by several sensors, fine-scale digital terrain maps are obtained. HRBSSS is especially suitable for deployment in AUV, HUV, ROV and towed bodies.
Spectral features of EEG in depression (2010)

The aim of this study was to find distinctions of the EEG signal in female depression. Experiments were carried out on two groups of 18 female volunteers each: a group of patients with depressive disorder who were not on medication and a group of control subjects. Patients who had Hamilton depression rating scores higher than 14 were selected. Resting EEG was recorded for the duration of 30 min. Spectral asymmetry (SA) of the EEG spectrum was estimated as relative difference in the selected higher and lower EEG frequency band power. Calculated SA values were positive for depressive and negative for healthy subjects (except for 2-3 subjects). The values behaved similarly in all EEG channels and brain hemispheres. Differences in SA between depressive and control groups were significant in all EEG channels. Dependence of SA on EGG signal length appeared not to be identical for depressive and healthy subjects. Our results suggest that SA based on balance between the powers of the higher and the lower EEG frequency bands seems to enable characterization of the EEG in depression.
A novel dual-stator flux switching permanent magnet machine with six stator slots and four rotor poles configuration (2015)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel dual-stator six stator slots four rotor poles flux switching permanent magnet machine that is viable for operation. The conventional six slots four poles topology suffers from asymmetrical flux linkage and severely unbalanced back-EMF, which makes it unfeasible. The proposed dual-stator structure utilizes windings in the second stator to produce a corresponding flux linkage that cancels the even order harmonic components in the first stator winding. The resulting flux linkage, back-EMF have no even order harmonics and are almost sinusoidal waveforms. The performance of the proposed machine is validated by analytical and finite element analysis.
1.3μm GaInAsP near-travelling-wave laser amplifiers made by combination of angled facets and antireflection coatings (1988)

1.3μm GaInAsP near-travelling-wave laser amplifiers have been realised by the combination of angled facets and antireflection coatings. Without in situ monitoring on the device itself during dielectric coatings, we can routinely obtain a low effective modal facet reflectivity of 5–8 × 10−4. The devices had an internal gain of 24 ± 1.5 dB for the TE mode and a single-mode fibre coupling loss of 5 dB/facet.
Abstract CT236: Advanced solid cancer therapy with a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132): key preclinical and clinical results (2015)

Abstract Background: Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) is a new ADC comprising SN-38, the active metabolite of the topoisomerase inhibitor, camptothecin (irinotecan), conjugated to an anti-Trop-2 antibody. In vitro and in vivo preclinical data suggest that IMMU-132 is a unique ADC, being most efficacious at a high drug-antibody ratio (DAR) of 7.6, and capable of delivering up to 135-fold more SN-38 than its parental drug, irinotecan, in a human cancer xenograft. In vitro studies also demonstrate specific double-stranded DNA breaks by the internalizing ADC. Methods: IMMU-132 is completing a phase I/II clinical trial with phase II expansion after MTD determination (ClinicalTrials.gov.NCT01631552) in patients with advanced cancers that typically express high levels of Trop-2, at doses of 8 and 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 8 of 21-day repeated cycles. Efficacy (N = 91) and safety (N = 130) results are provided. Results: The% of grades 3/4 AEs for both dose levels are neutropenia (16/4), febrile neutropenia (4/4), anemia (4/0), diarrhea (4/0), and fatigue (4/0) (Table 1). No patient discontinued therapy due to toxicity, and no patient showed immunogenicity despite repeated therapy. Patient dose reductions were 15-16%, and dose delays after first 2 cycles were 3-4%. Conclusions: IMMU-132 shows activity in patients with diverse cancers, even when they no longer responded to a topoisomerase inhibitor. It appears to have a manageable toxicity profile, with promising efficacy at a high therapeutic index in patients with heavily-pretreated metastatic cancers, especially TNBC, SCLC, and NSCLC. Based on these results, this ADC carrying a moderately-toxic drug that is the active metabolite of a currently-used camptothecin analogue represents a novel cancer therapeutic that challenges the current dogma of requiring ultratoxic drugs conjugated at low DARs for ADC therapy. Tumor typeORR (CR+PR)Disease stabilization (CR+PR+SD)Clinical benefit (CR+PR+ SD &gt; 6 moMedian TPP (mo)TNBC (N = 31)TNBC (N = 31)23%71%39%3.7+NSCLC (N = 15)27%73%42%3.3+SCLC (N = 19)26%53%29%2.8+CRC (N = 26)4%58%24%3.7 Citation Format: Alexander N. Starodub, Allyson J. Ocean, Aditya Bardia, Michael J. Guarino, Wells Messersmith, Jordan Berlin, Vincent J. Picozzi, Sajeve S. Thomas, Gregory Masters, Linda T. Vahdat, Ingrid A. Mayer, Rebecca Moroose, Jennifer S. Diamond, Scott T. Tagawa, Manish A. Shah, Francois Wilhelm, William A. Wegener, Pius Maliakal, Robert M. Sharkey, David M. Goldenberg. Advanced solid cancer therapy with a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132): key preclinical and clinical results. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr CT236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-CT236
<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>Capsule Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (2018)

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of human diarrheal disease worldwide. Campylobacteriosis cases are primarily sporadic, but outbreaks are not uncommon. In developed countries Campylobacteriosis cases are about 50/100,000 per year, but in developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, the incidence is estimated to be at least 10 times higher. In these endemic regions, this high incidence represents a life threatening risk, especially towards the pediatric population. C. jejuni is considered a zoonotic disease in which the major source of contamination is through the consumption of poultry. In humans, the infectious dose can be as low as 500-1,000 bacteria with symptoms being variable and dependent on the bacterial strain and host factors. Some patients only present mild abdominal pain and mild to no diarrhea, while the most severe cases are associated with severe abdominal cramping, accompanied with fever, headaches, myalgia, and large volumes of mucous and bloody diarrhea that can last for several days. If left untreated, severe C. jejuni cases can be lethal. C. jejuni infections have also been associated with the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (an autoimmune disease triggered by C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide sub-structures that mimic glanglioside forms) inflammatory bowel syndrome, reactive arthritis and stunting in children from developing countries. In this piece, we describe the development of a C. jejuni vaccine candidate in which the protective antigens are the cell-surface capsular polysaccharides (CPSs), with focus on (i) CPS discovery highlighting the two key structural features of C. jejuni CPSs, 6-deoxy-heptoses of unsual configurations and variably linked O-methyl-phosphoramidate moities; (ii) conjugation of C. jejuni CPSs to carrier proteins using new methodology for CPS activation (TEMPO-mediated oxidation); and (iii) protection studies in a non-human primate model. Collectively, the data obtained has allowed us to advance our prototype C. jejuni CPS conjugate vaccine through cGMP production and onto an ongoing phase I human clinical trial.
Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles for Diagnostics and Imaging (2012)

International audience
A load capacitance identification algorithm for switched Mode Power Supplies (2011)

We present an algorithm for identification of the load capacitance for Switch Mode Power Supplies. The algorithm does not inject any disturbance that can cause additional noise on the output voltage of the power supply. The algorithm is computationally effective and is suitable for implementation in hardware or software. Experiments show an uncertainty of σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> = 100 μF for the capacitance estimate using a current measurement with an uncertainty of σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</sub> = 1A.
Experimental Validation of Parallel Connection of RB-IGCTs for High Efficiency Solid State Circuit Breaker (2020)

The proliferation of high efficiency, high current DC distribution systems is held back by the limited choices when it comes to solid-state circuit breakers. With this work, we investigated the parallel connection of Reverse Blocking IGCTs (RB-IGCT) for a solid-state circuit breaker with a nominal current up to 3 kA. The presented breaker topology is based on the parallel connection of low conduction loss RB-IGCTs which delivers efficiency as high as 99.9%. The focus of his paper is on the design and experimental validation of a parallel connection of two and three RB-IGCTs with an emphasis on current sharing during nominal operation and short circuit transients. The experimental results confirm that the parallel connection of both two and three RB-IGCTs can successfully handle the nominal operation current - up to 3 kA continuously - with current deviation from the mean as little as 1-5%. Moreover, the parallel topology is able to perform current interruption during overload and short-circuit situations up to 10 kA for two devices in parallel and up to 13 kA for three devices in parallel.
Fate of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Precursor in the Circulation (1986)

Hilliker, S.; Vlasuk, G.; Borden, L.; Hancock, N.; Scarborough, R.; Schwartz, K.; Lewicki, J. Author Information
Improved synthesis and properties of 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 3,6-dihydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1989)

The chemical preparation of: (a) 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and (b) 3,6-dihydrazino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine is described. The explosive performance of the compounds was calculated with the BKW code. 3 refs., 2 tabs.
<title>Compact zoom lenses for photographic cameras</title> (1997)

The advent of the Advanced Photo System has led to more stringent requirements for high-performance photographic zoom lenses due to the increased enlarger magnification needed to form equivalent size prints from the smaller Kodak Advantix film negatives. Additionally, the trend towards more compact cameras that are easier to carry has reduced the space envelope alotted to the lens in NSLR cameras. Several novel designs that utilize the advantages of glass and plastic molded aspheres to achieve high performance, while maintaining a compact form factor, will be discussed.