gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric figure of merit and maximum power factor in III–V semiconductor nanowires (2004)

The relative contributions of electronic and lattice effects to figure of merit enhancement are studied, for nanowires made of InSb, InAs, GaAs, and InP, as a function of nanowire thickness. The main thermoelectric magnitudes are computed in the bulk and nanowire cases by the exact solution of the Boltzmann transport equation. The lattice thermal conductivity is obtained by a full dispersions transmission function approach, using interatomic potentials for the system. An upper limit to the maximum power factor is obtained for narrow thickness. InSb nanowires stand out as the best choice for thermoelectric applications among the four compounds considered, while GaAs and InP are not expected to be suitable for practical applications.
Quantitative Analysis of the Orientation of Mineral in Bone from Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Patterns (1982)

The small-angle X-ray scattering data from a rabbit femur is quantitatively evaluated with respect to the mineral distribution in bone. The results show the existence of a needle-like mineral with a length of at least 300 A and a preferred orientation of the needle axes parallel to the long axis of the bone. The angular distribution of the needle axes gives a value of 30° for the mean inclination.
<i>VPS35</i>pathogenic mutations confer no dominant toxicity but partial loss of function in<i>Drosophila</i>and genetically interact with<i>parkin</i> (2015)

Mutations in VPS35 (PARK17) cause autosomal dominant, late onset Parkinson's disease (PD). VPS35 forms a core component of the retromer complex that mediates the retrieval of membrane proteins from endosomes back to either the Golgi or plasma membrane. While aberrant endosomal protein sorting has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms by which VPS35 mutations and retromer function contribute to PD pathogenesis are not clear. To address this, we generated transgenic Drosophila that express variant forms of human VPS35 found in PD cases and the corresponding variants of the Drosophila ortholog. We did not find evidence of dominant toxicity from any variant form including the pathogenic D620N mutation, even with aging. However, assessing the ability of Vps35 variants to rescue multiple vps35-mutant phenotypes, we found that the D620N mutation confers a partial loss of function. Recently, VPS35 has been linked to the formation of mitochondria-derived vesicles, which mediate the degradation of mitochondrial proteins and contribute to mitochondrial quality control. This process is also promoted by two other PD-lined genes parkin (PARK2) and PINK1 (PARK6). We demonstrate here that vps35 genetically interacts with parkin but interestingly not with pink1. Strikingly, Vps35 overexpression is able to rescue several parkin-mutant phenotypes. Together these findings provide in vivo evidence that the D620N mutation likely confers pathogenicity through a partial loss of function mechanism and that this may be linked to other known pathogenic mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction.
A recombinant non-pathogenic Leishmania vaccine expressing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) Gag elicits cell-mediated immunity in mice and decreases HIV-1 replication in human tonsillar tissue following exposure to HIV-1 infection (2006)

Live-vector human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines are an integral part of a number of HIV vaccine regimens currently under evaluation that have yielded promising results in pre-clinical testing. In this report, a non-pathogenic protozoan parasitic vector, Leishmania tarentolae, which shares common target cells with HIV-1, was used to express full-length HIV-1 Gag protein. Immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant L. tarentolae led to the expansion of HIV-1 Gag-specific T cells and stimulated CD8(+) T cells to produce gamma interferon in response to specific viral Gag epitopes. A booster immunization with recombinant L. tarentolae elicited effector memory HIV-1 Gag-specific CD4(+) T lymphocytes and increased antibody titres against HIV-1 Gag. Most importantly, immunization of human tonsillar tissue cultured ex vivo with Gag-expressing L. tarentolae vaccine vector elicited a 75% decrease in virus replication following exposure of the immunized tonsils to HIV-1 infection. These results demonstrated that recombinant L. tarentolae is capable of eliciting effective immune responses in mice and human systems, respectively, and suggest that this novel non-pathogenic recombinant vaccine vector shows excellent promise as a vaccination strategy against HIV-1.
'Pedometers cost buttons': the feasibility of implementing a pedometer based walking programme within the community (2011)

The results suggest that pedometer based walking interventions may be considered cost-effective and suitable for implementation within the wider community. However, several research gaps remain, including the importance and impact of the researcher/participant relationship, the impact of assessment on motivation and effectiveness, and the longer term impact on physical and mental health, resource utilisation and quality of life.
Low voltage, high efficiency class E GaAs power amplifiers for mobile communications (2005)

In this paper a class E power amplifier for mobile communications is presented. The advantages of class E over class B and class C power amplifiers in a low voltage design is discussed. A fully integrated class E power amplifier operating at 835 MHz is designed, fabricated and tested. The circuit is implemented in a self-aligned-gate, depletion mode GaAs MESFET process. The amplifier delivers 24 dBm power to the load with a power added efficiency greater than 50% at a supply voltage of 2.5 V. The power dissipated in the integrated matching networks is 15 times the power dissipated in the transistors.
Skin reactions to hydroxyzine (1997)

Sensitivity to histamine H1-antagonists has mainly been observed with phenothiazine and ethylenediamine, and is very rare with hydroxyzine. We report 3 cases of sensitization to hydroxyzine, which was prescribed to treat urticaria and atopic dermatitis. A generalized maculopapular eruption appeared shortly after taking the drug. Patch tests with Atarax tablet were positive +3, and +2 or +3 with different dilutions of hydroxyzine. Patch tests with ethylenediamine, piperazine and other antihistamines were negative; therefore, there is no cross-allergy. We believe these rapid systemic reactions to hydroxyzine after the initial dose may have been due to prior systemic sensitivity to this drug, which cannot be used topically. Allergy to antihistamines must be considered when cutaneous lesions worsen on such therapy.
Measuring Heart Rate During Physical Exercise by Subspace Decomposition and Kalman Smoothing (2017)

Monitoring of health parameters during physical exercise is an important aspect of both sports and rehabilitation medicine. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is routinely employed for low-cost heart rate (HR) measurement; however, monitoring during physical exercise is made difficult by the presence of motion artifacts. In this paper, we present an approach that combines denoising by subspace decomposition and Fourier-based HR measurement, and finally, smoothing and tracking by a Kalman filter. Using publicly available real-life PPG traces, we demonstrate accuracy and performance by an extensive set of experimental results, comparing them with similar algorithms proposed in the literature.
IgG PURIFICATION USING AFFINITY FILTRATION WITH SULFAMETHAZINE-AFFINITY CARRIERS (2012)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are used extensively for analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. However, there are some disadvantages to purify IgG antibodies by protein A and G affinity chromatography. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective alternative and nonchromatographic method to purify IgG. Dextran microparticles were activated and coupled with sulfamethazine to form sulfamethazine-affinity carriers. Then the carriers were used to purify IgG by affinity filtration. Quantitative and qualitative determination proved that sulfamethazine would successfully bond to the surface of dextran microparticles with a density of 85.5 μmol/g (wet). Affinity carriers were proved to withstand high shear force and reveal rare sulfamethazine leakage under filtration conditions between pH 3 to 11. The maximum IgG-binding capacity of affinity carriers was 8.03 mg IgG/g (wet). The affinity filtration process obtained a recovery yield above 80% and purity above 90%. Thus, this work involved in both the advantages of membrane filtration and affinity purification. The results, for the first time, proved that it is possible to use the small ligand sulfamethazine for affinity filtration of IgG. It is an attractive alternative to conventional protein A or G affinity chromatography.
Structural and phase transformations and properties of TiNi–TiCu quasi-binary alloys (2016)

The influence of copper doping (25 at. %) upon the structural and phase transformations of triple alloys of the TiNi–TiCu quasi-binary cut is studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and electron and X-ray diffraction. A generalized complete diagram of B2 ↔ B19′, B2 ↔ B19 ↔ B19′, and B2 ↔ B19 thermoelastic transformations proceeding upon cooling as the copper content increases in the intervals of 0–8, 8–15, and 15–25 at. %, respectively, is constructed. Specificities of changes in the mechanical properties and microstructure of B19 and B19′ martensites in relation to copper doping are studied.
Liquid Phase Epitaxy of Electronic, Optical and Optoelectronic Materials (2007)

Liquid-Phase Epitaxy (LPE) is a technique used in the bulk growth of crystals, typically in semiconductor manufacturing, whereby the crystal is grown from a rich solution of the semiconductor onto a substrate in layers, each of which is formed by supersaturation or cooling. At least 50% of growth in the optoelectronics area is currently focussed on LPE. This book covers the bulk growth of semiconductors, i.e. silicon, gallium arsenide, cadmium mercury telluride, indium phosphide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, cadmium zinc telluride, a range of wide-bandgap II-VI compounds, diamond and silicon carbide, and a wide range of oxides/fluorides (including sapphire and quartz) that are used in many industrial applications. A separate chapter is devoted to the fascinating field of growth in various forms of microgravity, an activity that is approximately 30-years old and which has revealed many interesting features, some of which have been very surprising to experimenters and theoreticians alike. Covers the most important materials within the field The contributors come from a wide variety of countries and include both academics and industrialists, to give a balanced treatment Builds-on an established series known in the community Highly pertinent to current and future developments in telecommunications and computer-processing industries.
Examination of fluctuations in atmospheric pressure related to migraine (2015)

Small decreases of 6-10 hPa relative to the standard atmospheric pressure of 1013 hPa induced migraine attacks most frequently in patients with migraine.
Bcl‐2 suppresses hydrogen peroxide‐induced programmed cell death via <i>OsVPE2</i> and <i>OsVPE3</i>, but not via <i>OsVPE1</i> and <i>OsVPE4</i>, in rice (2011)

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is known to be a key player in apoptosis in animals. The components and pathways regulating H(2)O(2)-induced programmed cell death in plants, however, remain largely unknown. In the present study, rice transgenic lines overexpressing Bcl-2, a human apoptotic suppressor, were obtained. These transgenic lines showed increased tolerance to high levels of H(2)O(2), resulting in increased seed germination rates, root elongation, root tip cell viability and chlorophyll retention compared to control lines. In the control lines, treatment with H(2)O(2) resulted in DNA laddering and a clear terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling signal, which are the hallmarks of programmed cell death. However, this effect was not detected in the Bcl-2-overexpressing transgenic lines. Further investigations indicated that Bcl-2 suppressed H(2)O(2)-induced programmed cell death but did not inhibit stress-elicited reactive oxygen species production in rice. RT-PCR revealed that the expression of the two vacuolar processing enzyme genes (i.e. OsVPE2 and OsVPE3) was dramatically induced by H(2)O(2) in the wild-type line but not in the Bcl-2-overexpressing line. Moreover, treatment with H(2)O(2) resulted in the disruption of the vacuolar membrane in the wild-type line. The expression levels of OsVPE1 and OsVPE4 did not significantly differ between the wild-type line and the transgenic line that was treated or untreated with H(2)O(2). The similar roles of Bcl-2 and OsVPEs during endogenous reactive oxygen species-triggered programmed cell death were also confirmed by NaCl stress in rice. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonsatrate that Bcl-2 overexpression inhibits H(2)O(2)-induced programmed cell death and enhances H(2)O(2) tolerance. We propose that Bcl-2 overexpression in rice suppresses the transcriptional activation of OsVPE2 and OsVPE3, but not of OsVPE1 or OsVPE4.
Weak Convergence Theorems for Bregman Relatively Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces (2014)

We study Mann type iterative algorithms for finding fixed points of Bregman relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. By exhibiting an example, we first show that the class of Bregman relatively nonexpansive mappings embraces properly the class of Bregman strongly nonexpansive mappings which was investigated by Martín-Márques et al. (2013). We then prove weak convergence theorems for the sequences produced by the methods. Some application of our results to the problem of finding a zero of a maximal monotone operator in a Banach space is presented. Our results improve and generalize many known results in the current literature.
Tug of War between Survival and Death: Exploring ATM Function in Cancer (2014)

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is a one of the main guardian of genome stability and plays a central role in the DNA damage response (DDR). The deregulation of these pathways is strongly linked to cancer initiation and progression as well as to the development of therapeutic approaches. These observations, along with reports that identify ATM loss of function as an event that may promote tumor initiation and progression, point to ATM as a bona fide tumor suppressor. The identification of ATM as a positive modulator of several signalling networks that sustain tumorigenesis, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, receptor tyrosine kinase and AKT serine-threonine kinase activation, raise the question of whether ATM function in cancer may be more complex. This review aims to give a complete overview on the work of several labs that links ATM to the control of the balance between cell survival, proliferation and death in cancer.
The role of human adenovirus early region 3 proteins (gp19K, 10.4K, 14.5K, and 14.7K) in a murine pneumonia model (1996)

Products of human adenovirus (Ad) early region 3 (E3) inhibit both specific (cytotoxic T lymphocytes [CTLs]) and innate (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) immune responses in vitro. The E3 gp19K protein prevents CTL recognition of Ad-infected fibroblasts by sequestering major histocompatibility complex class I proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. E3 proteins 10.4K, 14.5K, and 14.7K function to protect infected cells from TNF-alpha cytolysis. To address the in vivo functions of these proteins, Ad mutants that lack the E3 genes encoding these proteins were inoculated intranasally into C57BL/10SnJ (H-2b) mice. Mutants that lack the gp19K gene failed to alter CTL generation or to affect Ad-induced pulmonary infiltrates. Since gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is capable of overcoming gp19K suppression of CTL lysis in vitro, mice were depleted of IFN-gamma and inoculated with gp19K mutants. Even when IFN-gamma was depleted, gp19K was incapable of altering pulmonary lesions. These resuls are not in accord with the function of gp19K in vitro and suggest that gp19K does not affect immune recognition in vivo during an acute virus infection, yet they do not exclude the possibility that gp19K blocks immune recognition of Ad during a persistent infection. In contrast, when mice were inoculated with Ad mutants that lack the TNF resistance genes (14.7K and either 10.4K or 14.5K), there was a marked increase in alveolar infiltration and no change in the amounts of perivascular/peribronchiolar infiltration compared with wild-type-Ad-induced pathology. These findings demonstrate the importance of TNF susceptibility and TNF by-products for recruiting inflammatory cells into the lungs during Ad infections.
Gradient Tree Boosting-Based Positioning Method for Monolithic Scintillator Crystals in Positron Emission Tomography (2018)

Monolithic crystals are considered as an alternative for complex segmented scintillator arrays in positron emission tomography systems. Monoliths provide high sensitivity, good timing, and energy resolution while being cheaper than highly segmented arrays. Furthermore, monoliths enable intrinsic depth of interaction capabilities and good spatial resolutions (SRs) mostly based on statistical calibrations. To widely translate monoliths into clinical applications, a time-efficient calibration method and a positioning algorithm implementable in system architecture such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are required. We present a novel positioning algorithm based on gradient tree boosting (GTB) and a fast fan beam calibration requiring less than 1 h per detector block. GTB is a supervised machine learning technique building a set of sequential binary decisions (decision trees). The algorithm handles different sets of input features, their combinations and partially missing data. GTB models are strongly adaptable influencing both the positioning performance and the memory requirement of trained positioning models. For an FPGA-implementation, the memory requirement is the limiting aspect. We demonstrate a general optimization and propose two different optimization scenarios: one without compromising on positioning performance and one optimizing the positioning performance for a given memory restriction. For a 12 mm high LYSO-block, we achieve an SR better than 1.4 mm FWHM.
Dissolution Arrest and Stability of Particle-Covered Bubbles (2007)

Experiments show that bubbles covered with monodisperse polystyrene particles, with particle to bubble radius ratios of about 0.1, evolve to form faceted polyhedral shapes that are stable to dissolution in air-saturated water. We perform Surface Evolver simulations and find that the faceted particle-covered bubble represents a local minimum of energy. At the faceted state, the Laplace overpressure vanishes, which together with the positive slope of the bubble pressure-volume curve, ensures phase stability. The repulsive interactions between the particles cause a reduction of the curvature of the gas-liquid interface, which is the mechanism that arrests dissolution and stabilizes the bubbles.
Extraction of Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Soil Using Supercritical Argon (1998)

The use of supercritical argon is described for the extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil samples. Argon is an attractive solvent because it is inexpensive and inert. Additionally, it has a clear spectral window in the infrared region which makes it useful for on-line (i.e., directly coupled) experiments. Spiking studies conducted with gasoline, no. 1 fuel oil, and no. 5 fuel oil on sand, loam, and clay show that component recovery rates for argon supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) generally increase with increasing pressure and/or temperature. The highest recovery rates (and recoveries) were obtained for Ar SFE at 500 atm and 150 °C. Under these conditions, the components of the gasoline and no. 1 fuel oil spikes could be recovered in as little as 12 min. However, the no. 5 fuel oil components could not be quantitatively removed from the loam and clay matrixes even for extraction times as long as 100 min. We also show in this work that Ar SFE performs similarly to CO(2) SFE for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in real-world soil samples under moderate pressure and temperature conditions. Specifically, Ar SFE and CO(2) SFE have similar recoveries and reproducibilities, but Ar SFE requires a slightly longer extraction time.
Developing an Effective Repatriation Strategy for MNC: A Model and Tools for International Human Resource Management (2008)

With the increasing movement of employees across national boundaries comes a stronger focus on the needs of repatriates of multinational corporations. These workers have needs that are often unrecognized. In particular, they may suffer similar emotional dislocation to those working as expatriates. However, many companies fail to recognise or accommodate these concerns in their policies or practices. This paper proposes a model for developing an effective repatriation support process. It includes the four elements of policy development, construction of a repatriation agreement, the provision of repatriation programs, and the evaluation of the success of these strategies. The model is supported through the provision of a set of tools that may help guide those working in repatriation services. 1.
Tunable Negative Differential Resistance in MISIM Tunnel Diodes Structure With Concentric Circular Electrodes Controlled by Designed Substrate Bias (2017)

The tunable negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics of metal-insulator-semiconductor- insulator-metal (MISIM) tunnel diodes (TDs) structure with thin oxide were observed by biasing the substrate simultaneously with one of the TDs under designed voltage drops (AV). An inner circular electrode TD surrounded by a ring-shape electrode TD gate pattern was adopted. The NDR region can be adjusted by varying the AV between the inner TD and the body. Not only the peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) but also the voltage range where NDR occurs can be controlled. It is supposed that the injected electrons and the inversion charges increase and decrease with negative bias, respectively, for the MIS(p) TD and play an important role in this observation. Meanwhile, the asymmetry of inner gate and ring gate enhances the coupling efficiency at reverse bias region. In this paper, the PVCR can be tuned to more than two orders and the voltage of the NDR region can be shifted to larger than 1 V. The tunable NDR characteristic of MISIM provides a possible application of MIS TD.