gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ag Doping on Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanocrystalline TiO 2 (2014)

In the present study, nanocrystalline pure TiO2 and 5 mol% silver doped TiO2 (Ag-TiO2) powders were prepared by sol-gel route. The prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) for their phase composition and optical properties, respectively. The antibacterial property of TiO2 and Ag-TiO2 was assessed by spread plate method against Escherichia coli as test bacteria. The photocatalytic activity of Ag-TiO2 was studied by measuring degradation of Methylene blue (MB) under UV Irradiation and the results were compared with pure TiO2. Further, the effect of temperature and dye concentration on degradation efficiency of pure TiO2 was studied. XRD results confirm the presence of anatase phase in both the samples and the average crystallite size of both samples were found in the order of 6-15 nm. Addition of Ag reduces the band gap of TiO2 from 3.1 eV to 2.9 eV. In 24 h of incubation period, Ag-TiO2 showed complete inhibition of growth of Escherichia coli compared to pure TiO2. It was observed that the degradation efficiency was more for TiO2 annealed at 500 ˚C compared to as-synthesis TiO2 and it decreases with further increase in temperature. In addition, as the dye concentration increases, the degradation efficiency of pure TiO2 decreases. Among, TiO2 and Ag-TiO2 samples, MB degradation efficiency was higher for Ag-TiO2 compared to pure TiO2. Photo degradation of MB was modeled with power law kinetics and was observed to follow first order kinetics and the rate constant was enhanced with Ag doping in TiO2.
Complexity Compression and Evolution (1995)

Compression of information is an important concept in the theory of learning. We argue for the hypothesis that there is an inherent compression pressure towards short, elegant and general solutions in a genetic programming system and other variable length evolutionary algorithms. This pressure becomes visible if the size or complexity of solutions are measured without non-effective code segments called introns. The built in parsimony pressure effects complex fitness functions, crossover probability, generality, maximum depth or length of solutions, explicit parsimony, granularity of fitness function, initialization depth or length, and modularization. Some of these effects are positive and some are negative. In this work we provide a basis for an analysis of these effects and suggestions to overcome the negative implications in order to obtain the balance needed for successful evolution. An empirical investigation that supports our hypothesis is also presented. 1 Introduction The prin...
Normal recovery of the stratum corneum barrier function following damage induced by tape stripping in patients with atopic dermatitis (1997)

Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) constantly inflict mechanical damage to their skin by scratching induced by pruritus. On excoriated lesions of the cheek we found exceedingly high levels of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as compared to those in the normal skin of healthy subjects. However, it is not clear whether the skin of patients with AD also shows an abnormally slow recovery after mechanical damage. We compared the recovery of the barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), after its complete removal by tape stripping, in patients with AD and age-matched healthy control subjects. On the normal-looking skin of the flexor forearm, we found no difference in the recovery process of the water barrier function of the SC between the two groups. This suggests that ability to reconstruct SC barrier function after mechanical damage is not impaired in AD patients.
Design and Motion Analysis of a Flexible Squirm Pipe Robot (2010)

In order to meet the special requirements for the robot moving in the pipeline, an innovation robot mechanism which has flexible axle and self-steering device is proposed. Due to the special design of its transmission system and mobile mechanism, the peristaltic motion and self-steering in pipe can be realized. The robot can adapt to the pipeline with different diameters by changing supporting mechanism automatically, and for its special shape the robot can also be driven by the pressure caused by the flowing liquid in pipe. All the functions of this robot are realized only by one motor, so the robot has simple structure and high utilization of motor. By the analyzing of the flexible helical springiest which is the key part of the robot and moving ability of the robot in different environment of pipe, the mechanism design of the robot is proved to be effective.
In-Situ Landmine Neutralization by Chemical versus Thermal Initiation Deminer Preferences (2006)

This paper describes currently developed chemical and thermal landmine neutralization methods under the DoD Humanitarian Demining Research and Development (HD R&D) Program. It includes a table showing the differences among current detonation or demolition techniques, and among chemical and thermal systems. Comparative elements include the neutralization mechanism; neutralization effects; time required to neutralize mines; explosive, standoff, operational, transportation and storage requirements; quality control; reliability; human factors; effectiveness; applicability to buried mines; applicability to UX; and cost.
Editorial: Insights in systems microbiology: 2021 (2022)

EDITORIAL article Front. Microbiol., 25 August 2022Sec. Systems Microbiology https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.988296
Acute development of cortical porosity and endosteal naïve bone formation from the daily but not weekly short-term administration of PTH in rabbit (2017)

Teriparatide [human parathyroid hormone (1-34)], which exerts an anabolic effect on bone, is used for the treatment of osteoporosis in patients who are at a high risk for fracture. That the once-daily administration of teriparatide causes an increase in cortical porosity in animal models and clinical studies has been a matter of concern. However, it is not well documented that the frequency of administration and/or the total dose of teriparatide affect the cortical porosity. The present study developed 4 teriparatide regimens [20 μg/kg/day (D20), 40 μg/kg/day (D40), 140 μg/kg/week (W140) and 280 μg/kg/week (W280)] in the rabbit as a model animal with a well-developed Haversian system and osteons. The total weekly doses were equivalent in the low-dose groups (D20 and W140) and in the high-dose groups (D40 and W280). After the short-term (1 month) administration of TPDT, micro-CT, histomorphometry and three-dimensional second harmonic generation (3D-SHG) imaging to visualize the bone collagen demonstrated that daily regimens but not weekly regimens were associated with the significant development of cortical porosity and endosteal naïve bone formation by marrow fibrosis. We concomitantly monitored the pharmacokinetics of the plasma teriparatide levels as well as the temporal changes in markers of bone formation and resorption. The analyses in the present study suggested that the daily repeated administration of teriparatide causes more deleterious changes in the cortical microarchitecture than the less frequent administration of higher doses. The findings of the present study may have some implications for use of teriparatide in clinical treatment.
A CMOS bandgap reference circuit with sub-1-V operation (1999)

This paper proposes a CMOS bandgap reference (BGR) circuit, which can successfully operate with sub-1-V supply, In the conventional BGR circuit, the output voltage V/sub ref/ is the sum of the built-in voltage of the diode V/sub f/ and the thermal voltage V/sub T/ of kT/q multiplied by a constant. Therefore, V/sub ref/ is about 1.25 V, which limits a low supply-voltage operation below 1 V. Conversely, in the proposed BGR circuit, V/sub ref/ has been converted from the sum of two currents; one is proportional to V/sub f/ and the other is proportional to V/sub T/. An experimental BGR circuit, which is simply composed of a CMOS op-amp, diodes, and resistors, has been fabricated in a conventional 0.4-/spl mu/m flash memory process. Measured V/sub ref/ is 518/spl plusmn/15 mV (3/spl sigma/) for 23 samples on the same wafer at 27-125/spl deg/C.
Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Imaging (2009)

[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]INSPIRE
Interactions Between Routing and Flow Control Algorithms (1986)

In this paper we discuss the interactions between routing and flow control algorithms for packet-switched networks. We present a new variation on the Gallager-Golestaani flow control scheme [4] and also a new variable window scheme. The tradeoff between throughput and network congestion is examined. It is shown that these two flow control schemes have the unique feature that the parameters can be specified to place an upper bound on the expected amount of network congestion.
Discovery of a photoresponse amplification mechanism in compensated PN junctions (2015)

We report the experimental evidence of uncovering a photoresponse amplification mechanism in heavily doped, partially compensated silicon p-n junctions under very low bias voltage. We show that the observed photocurrent gain occurs at a bias that is more than an order of magnitude below the threshold voltage for conventional impact ionization. Moreover, contrary to the case of avalanche detectors and p-i-n diodes, the amplified photoresponse is enhanced rather than suppressed with increasing temperature. These distinctive characteristics lead us to hypothesize that the inelastic scattering between energetic electrons (holes) and the ionized impurities in the depletion and charge neutral regions of the p-n junction in a cyclic manner plays a significant role in the amplification process. Such an internal signal amplification mechanism, which occurs at much lower bias than impact ionization and favors room temperature over cryogenic temperature, makes it promising for practical device applications.
Thermoforming of high performance thermoplastic composites (1990)

Abstract Matched‐die forming of a 90° bend in a quasi‐isotropic 16 ply laminate of ICI's APC‐2, containing 61 volume % Hercules AS‐4 continuous carbon fiber in poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), is described. To uncouple and characterize elementary deformation phenomena, a series of simple tests are developed. Single ply bending of APC‐2 tape up to 420°C has been performed to characterize elastic bending. Transverse flow, axial interply shear flow, and z direction elasticity have been characterized in an instrumented matched die mold. Interply shear flow is characterized using a simple shear test fixture. Transverse flow and interply slip are relatively easily induced. Precautions should be taken to avoid fiber buckling and to provide for laminate reconsolidation.
Germanate Glasses: Structure, Spectroscopy and Properties (1993)

The glass state properties and characterization crystallo-chemistry and physical chemistry of germanium oxides the structure and properties of glass-forming GeO2 the structure and properties of binary germanate glasses the physical and chemical origins of the germanium anomaly the structure and properties of ternary germanate glasses the structure and properties of three-component germanate glasses with two glass-forming oxides fluoride-containing germanate glasses germanium dioxide glasses in practice glass formation and some physical properties chemical equation index general index.
Structural requirements for the occupancy of pituitary adenylate‐cyclase‐activating‐peptide (PACAP) receptors and adenylate cyclase activation in human neuroblastoma NB‐OK‐1 cell membranes (1992)

In these structure activity studies, the 46 analogs of the 27-amino-acid form of the pituitary-adenylate-cyclase-activating peptide, PACAP(1-27), and the 38-amino-acid form, PACAP(1-38), were either monosubstituted or bisubstituted at positions 1-3, 20 and 21 or N-terminally shortened. All analogs were compared on human neuroblastoma NB-OK-1 cell membranes for their ability to occupy 125I-[AcHis1]PACAP(1-27)-labelled receptors (AcHis, N alpha-acetylhistidine) and to activate adenylate cyclase (in terms of potency and intrinsic activity). The monophasic slope of dose/effect curves on both parameters suggested interaction with one class of PACAP receptor. Residues 28-38 in the C-terminally extended peptide, PACAP(1-38), played a favorable role in recognition, in that receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase were, in general, more sensitive to PACAP(1-38) analogs than to the corresponding PACAP(1-27) analogs. At variance with PACAP(6-27), PACAP(6-38) was well recognized and acted as a potent competitive antagonist (Ki 1.5 nM). Residues 1-3 were all important in enzyme activation: modification of the beta-turn potential gave full agonists (the LAla2 and DAla2 derivatives) or partial agonists (LPhe2 and DPhe2; LArg2 and DArg2; Glu3 and Asn3). Finally, a proper alpha-helix was also important: the combined substitution of Lys21/Lys22 by Gly21/Gly22 decreased the binding affinity sharply.
Quantitative interferometric reflectance imaging for the detection and measurement of biological nanoparticles (2017)

The sensitive detection and quantitative measurement of biological nanoparticles such as viruses or exosomes is of growing importance in biology and medicine since these structures are implicated in many biological processes and diseases. Interferometric reflectance imaging is a label-free optical biosensing method which can directly detect individual biological nanoparticles when they are immobilized onto a protein microarray. Previous efforts to infer bio-nanoparticle size and shape have relied on empirical calibration using a 'ruler' of particle samples of known size, which was inconsistent and qualitative. Here, we present a mechanistic physical explanation and experimental approach by which interferometric reflectance imaging may be used to not only detect but also quantitatively measure bio-nanoparticle size and shape. We introduce a comprehensive optical model that can quantitatively simulate the scattering of arbitrarily-shaped nanoparticles such as rod-shaped or filamentous virions. Finally, we optimize the optical design for the detection and quantitative measurement of small and low-index bio-nanoparticles immersed in water.
Evaluation of a new serodiagnostic tuberculosis test based on immunoglobulin A detection against Kp-90 antigen. (2000)

We evaluated a new serological test for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay which detects the presence of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in human serum, the Kreatech TB IgA EIA test. The study was performed using 166 serum samples collected in the city of Barcelona, Spain. Fifty-six serum samples were from TB patients and 111 from controls, 40 of which were non-TB pneumonia patients. The test sensitivity was 70.58% in the adult group with pulmonary TB and 50% in the group with extra-pulmonary TB. These sensitivities were similar to those previously reported by others. However, we found that the test had a low specificity of only 68.68%, while specificities of 90% and 95% have been reported. This discrepancy may be attributable to differences in the respective study populations. In our control group we included 40 non-TB pneumonia patients (36% of the entire control group), in whom test specificity dropped to 47.22%. In those studies in which specificities of 90% and above were achieved, very few serum samples from non-TB pneumonia patients were tested (6-12% of the entire control group).
Decoupled dynamics and stabilization of single wheel robot (2003)

Gyrover is a single wheel, gyroscopically stabilized robot. It is a single wheel connected to a spinning flywheel through a two-link manipulator at the wheel bearing. The nature of the system is nonholonomic, nonlinear and underactuated. In this paper, we first develop a dynamic model and decouple the model with respect to the control inputs. We then study the effect of the flywheel dynamics on stabilizing the single wheel robot via simulation and experiment study. Finally, we design a linear state feedback control law that stabilizes the single wheel robot toward/in different lean angles, so as to control the precession rate. Simulation and experiment study validated the proposed controller as well as the developed dynamic model.
Exploiting Inter-Warp Heterogeneity to Improve GPGPU Performance (2015)

In a GPU, all threads within a warp execute the same instruction in lockstep. For a memory instruction, this can lead to memory divergence: the memory requests for some threads are serviced early, while the remaining requests incur long latencies. This divergence stalls the warp, as it cannot execute the next instruction until all requests from the current instruction complete. In this work, we make three new observations. First, GPGPU warps exhibit heterogeneous memory divergence behavior at the shared cache: some warps have most of their requests hit in the cache (high cache utility), while other warps see most of their request miss (low cache utility). Second, a warp retains the same divergence behavior for long periods of execution. Third, due to high memory level parallelism, requests going to the shared cache can incur queuing delays as large as hundreds of cycles, exacerbating the effects of memory divergence. We propose a set of techniques, collectively called Memory Divergence Correction (MeDiC), that reduce the negative performance impact of memory divergence and cache queuing. MeDiC uses warp divergence characterization to guide three components: (1) a cache bypassing mechanism that exploits the latency tolerance of low cache utility warps to both alleviate queuing delay and increase the hit rate for high cache utility warps, (2) a cache insertion policy that prevents data from highcache utility warps from being prematurely evicted, and (3) a memory controller that prioritizes the few requests received from high cache utility warps to minimize stall time. We compare MeDiC to four cache management techniques, and find that it delivers an average speedup of 21.8%, and 20.1% higher energy efficiency, over a state-of-the-art GPU cache management mechanism across 15 different GPGPU applications.
Comparison of multifidus muscle atrophy and trunk extension muscle strength: percutaneous versus open pedicle screw fixation. (2005)

Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation caused less paraspinal muscle damage than open pediclescrew fixation and had positive effects on postoperative trunk muscle performance.
The Quality and Authenticity Markers of Tomato Ketchup (2009)

The selected quality and authenticity markers of tomato ketchup were determined in 3 sets of ketchup. The qualitative criteria (colour, pH, hydroxymethylfurfural) were evaluated in commercial samples of ketchup. Authentic markers (formol number, citric and malic acid, pyrrolid-5-one-2-carboxylic acid, and minerals K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) were determined in model prepared samples and real samples with known natural tomato soluble solids content of the same producer.
Plant cell culture (2003)

Plant cell culture has found wide applications ranging from studies on basic plant biochemistry and molecular biology to mass propagation and genetic engineering of crop species. This chapter talks about basic requirements for common procedures in plant cell culture. Successful plant cell culture requires extremely close attention to proper sterile technique and temperature control. Some laboratories use containment hoods when introducing microbes into plant cell cultures, such as during genetic transformation or inoculation with plant pathogens. Continuous light is sometimes detrimental to whole-plant growth and is rarely used in plant cell cultures. Many methods have been used to estimate the growth of plant cell cultures both directly and indirectly. The method chosen will depend on the requirements for maintaining the sterility of the culture and the speed and accuracy of the measurement. Assays in which the stain (such as fluorescein diacetate [FDA] or triphenyltetrazolium chloride [TTC]) is meant to be taken up only by living cells are known to sometimes give false-positive results with cells that no longer divide. One application of plant cell cultures is the study of plant secondary-metabolite biosynthesis and the commercial production of such valuable natural products.
Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>-Derived Paraflagellar Rod Proteins in Patients with Chagas' Disease (2003)

Sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients displaying different clinical symptoms as well as from normal uninfected individuals (NI) were used to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses of Chagas' disease patients to Trypanosoma cruzi-derived paraflagellar rod proteins (PFR). Our results show that sera from both asymptomatic Chagas' disease patients (ACP) and cardiac Chagas' disease patients (CCP) have higher levels of antibodies to PFR than sera from NI. Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 were the main Ig isotypes that recognized PFR. We also tested three recombinant forms of PFR, named rPAR-1, rPAR-2, and rPAR-3, by Western blot analysis. Sera from seven out of eight patients with Chagas' disease recognized one of the three rPAR forms. Sera from 75, 50, and 37.5% of Chagas' disease patients tested recognized rPAR-3, rPAR-2, and rPAR-1, respectively. PFR induced proliferation of 100 and 70% of PBMC from ACP and CCP, respectively. Further, stimulation of cells from Chagas' disease patients with PFR enhanced the frequencies of both small and large CD4(+) CD25(+) and CD4(+) CD69(+) lymphocytes, as well as that of small CD8(+) CD25(+) lymphocytes. Finally, we evaluated the ability of PFR to elicit the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by PBMC from patients with Chagas' disease. Fifty percent of the PBMC from ACP as well as CCP produced IFN-gamma upon stimulation with PFR. PFR enhanced the percentages of IFN-gamma-producing cells in both CD3(+) and CD3(-) populations. Within the T-cell population, large CD4(+) T lymphocytes were the main source of IFN-gamma.
A novel smooth septate junction-associated membrane protein, Snakeskin, is required for intestinal barrier function in<i>Drosophila</i> (2012)

Septate junctions (SJs) are the membrane specializations observed between epithelial cells in invertebrates. SJs play a crucial role in epithelial barrier function by restricting the free diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space. In arthropod species, two morphologically different types of SJs have been described: pleated septate junctions (pSJs) and smooth septate junctions (sSJs), which are specific to ectodermal and endodermal epithelia, respectively. In contrast to the recent identification of pSJ-related proteins, the molecular constituents of sSJs are mostly unknown. Here, we report the discovery of a new sSJ-specific membrane protein, designated 'Snakeskin' (Ssk). Ssk is highly concentrated in sSJs in the Drosophila midgut and Malpighian tubules. Lack of Ssk expression is embryonically lethal in Drosophila and results in defective sSJ formation accompanied by abnormal morphology of midgut epithelial cells. We also show that the barrier function of the midgut to a fluorescent tracer is impaired in ssk-knockdown larvae. These results suggest that Ssk is required for the intestinal barrier function in Drosophila.
The Advent of Radar in the Royal Australian Navy (2006)

The information contained in this article, and for those intended for publication in a later issue of the Journal of Australian Naval History, has been contributed, in the main, by those ex-RAN personnel who were closely involved in the development, manufacture, repair, and use of this then highly secret technology during the years of World War Two and immediately afterwards. Where necessary, this has been confirmed and supplemented by reference to official archives and reputable monographs.