gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of trans fatty acids in food products by GC, ATR-FTIR and FT-NIR methods (2004)

Summary The obligation to label food products with the content of trans fatty acids has prompted analysts to take a critical look at the official methods of analysis and to develop improved methods. This article examines the advantages and disadvantages of the official methods and compares them with a method using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy.
Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Direct Measurement in Biological Fluids: An In Situ Regeneration Approach (2012)

International audience
Silver nanoparticles on Zinc Oxide thin film: An insight in fabrication and characterization (2014)

<p dir="ltr">In this work, a simple two-steps process has been explained to fabricate silver (Ag) nanoparticles on Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film followed by their characterizations. The underneath layer ZnO thin film, as an example, was also investigated how the properties change during the course of nanoparticles fabrication. ZnO thin film was sputtered on standard glass substrate followed by further sputtering of an ultrathin Ag layer. Subsequently the specimen was treated at high temperature in inert environment. A periodic observation at specific temperature intervals confirmed the formation of Ag nanoparticles on ZnO thin film. Field-emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) observations revealed the size distribution of as-fabricated Ag nanoparticles in the range of 50-250 nm. Elemental analysis was also confirmed by SEM-aided energy dispersion spectroscopy. The underneath layer ZnO thin film was found to go through recrystallization, stress relaxation, and grain growth during the annealing process. Further treatment to ZnO only film showed a variation in surface topology with reference to those with Ag nanoparticles on ZnO. Such a system was also analysed with finite different time domain (FDTD) analysis. A typical model was considered and FDTD simulation was carried out to understand the trend of absorption depth profile within the absorbing layer involved in plasmonics solar cell.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/64/1/012018" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/64/1/012018</a></p><p dir="ltr">Conference information: <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/issue/1757-899X/64/1" target="_blank">2nd International Conference on Structural Nano Composites (NANOSTRUC 2014) 20–21 May 2014, Madrid, Spain</a></p>
Diversity of<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>Strains, USA (2009)

We analyzed the structure of the expression site encoding the immunoprotective protein MSP2/P44 from multiple Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains in the United States. The sequence of p44ESup1 had diverged in Ap-variant 1 strains infecting ruminants. In contrast, no differences were detected between A. phagocytophilum strains infecting humans and domestic dogs.
An Ingenious Multiport Interferometric Front-End for Concurrent Dual-Band Transmission (2021)

This article proposes and presents an innovative approach to realizing the concurrent dual-band transmission with only a single front-end and local oscillator at radio frequency (RF). Fundamentally, the proposed concurrent dual-band front-end is based on the conventional multiport interferometric architecture for single-band operation. Nevertheless, the conventional variable loads are replaced by diode networks with IF input signals to produce the RF signals at their designated center frequencies. Furthermore, due to the linear characteristics of a multiport network, the signals with different data contents will be mixed into both RF channels. To this end, an inverse matrix operation is applied to reversely convert the original data streams before the modulations of IF input signals. As a result, the two original data streams can be effectively modulated into specific RF channels (for transmission) with minimal interchannel interferences based on this configuration. In addition to the theoretical analyses, this innovative concurrent dual-band transmitting front-end has been investigated and verified with M-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals in simulations and experiments. All outcomes demonstrate excellent performances in concurrent dual-band transmission with significant reductions in both size and biasing power.
Photonic media with whispering-gallery modes (2005)

We theoretically show that achieving high Q-factors of small
whispering gallery mode resonators, together with significant
non-harmonism (non-equidistance) of its modes, allows for
extensive analogy between properties of atoms and the resonator
modes. The non-harmonism in very high-Q microresonators is caused
by the material as well as geometrical dispersion. The established
analogy leads to creating of a photonic media with properties
similar to those of atomic media. For instance, effective
two-level systems can be formed within the resonator. The
levels of the systems, i.e. the resonator modes, can be coupled
with microwave or optical fields. Strong confinement of the light
in the resonator along with high Q-factors results in nonlinear
processes at low light levels even with small nonlinearities
typical of optically transparent materials.
Magnetooptical current transformer 1: Principles (1980)

The principles of measuring currents in high-voltage lines by magnetooptical means are described. Particular attention is payed to using an optical fiber both as a transmission line and a measuring sensor. The influence of birefringence on the measuring signal is discussed.
Challenges of strain development and clone selection for bioethanol production from lignocellulose (2013)

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most promising materials for bioethanol production because it does not compete with food crops and it is widely distributed around the world. However, when using lignocellulosic biomass as raw material, inhibitory compounds derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin degradation during pretreatment are also found in the fermentation media. It is well known that the most commonly used microorganism for ethanol production is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Wild type S. cerevisiae, however, is not able to ferment xylose, which could constitute up to 40% of the lignocellulose and therefore recombinant xylose utilizing strains have been developed. Yeasts strains to be used for second-generation bioethanol production have to cope with challenging conditions that are inherent to the industrial process such as high concentration of inhibitory products, simultaneous use of different carbon sources and growth conditions that are not well controlled. Tolerance to these multiple stresses is likely to be a complex phenotype involving several cellular mechanisms and it could be difficult to perform efficient metabolic engineering. In this context, one of the most promising strategies for developing industrial strains is evolutionary engineering that includes evolution and recombination introducing genetic variability over many generations.\n\nEvolved S. cerevisiae strains engineered for xylose fermentation employed in this study have been subjected to targeted engineering for introducing a barcode in order to be able to verify their origin, which also provokes random events in the population of cells. Screening after evolution or targeted engineering is challenging because of the high variability introduced during those events. Selection has to be performed carefully in order to select the best clones with best properties for a specific purpose. Furthermore, difficulties in applying novel technics such as next generation sequencing or multiomic analysis in industrial strains result from their genetic complexity such as polyploidy.\n\nIn this work, mixed populations obtained by evolutionary engineering and different clones obtained after barcoding (Figure 1) are tested and evaluated in ethanol production processes from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Differences between clones regarding xylose fermentation capability and ability to ferment in lignocellulosic hydrolysates are elucidated.\n\n\n
Alzheimer disease : therapeutic strategies (1994)

Since the apoE4 allele is a risk factor or susceptibility gene in late-onset familial and sporadic AD, the mechanism of disease expression may involve metabolic effects that are isoform specific. Isoform-specific interactions of apoE therefore become critical in the mechanism of AD pathogenesis. Detailed characterization of the binding of the apoE isoforms with proteins and peptides relevant to the pathology of the disease may be critical in understanding disease pathogenesis. These critical isoform-specific interactions of apoE may involve interactions with proteins and pep tides in the defining neuropathologic lesions of the disease, the neurofibrillary tangle and senile plaque. Other possible critical isoform-specific interactions include the mechanism of internalization, intracellular trafficking, and subsequent metabolism. In addition, differential post-translational modifications of apoE isoforms may determine differences in metabolism contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. Oxidation of apoE may confer several isoform-specific, biochemically distinct properties. Since {3A peptide binds apoE in the lipoprotein binding domain of the protein and not in the receptor-binding domain, apoE could target bound {3A4 peptide to neurons via the LRP receptor. Internalization of the apoEI {3A peptide complex into the cell, by the same route as the apoE-containing lipoproteins, would result in incorporation into primary lysosomes and pH dependent dissociation. The demonstration of apoE in the cytoplasm of neurons, with isoform-specific interactions of apoE with the microtubule-binding protein tau demonstrated in vitro, suggest additional, testable hypotheses of disease pathogenesis
Dense 24 TX &#x002B; 24 RX fiber-coupled optical module based on a holey CMOS transceiver IC (2010)

A novel, compact 48-channel optical transceiver module has been designed and fabricated. At the heart of the assembly is a “holey” Optochip - a single-chip CMOS transceiver integrated circuit (IC) with 24 receiver and 24 laser driver circuits each with a corresponding through-substrate optical via (hole). The holes enable 24-channel 850-nm VCSEL and photodiode (PD) arrays to be directly flipchip soldered to the CMOS IC with substrate-side optical I/O through the otherwise absorbing bulk silicon substrate. This feature of the holey Optochip not only facilitates direct fiber-coupling to a standard 4 × 12 MMF (multimode fiber) array through a 2-lens optical system, but also maximizes highspeed performance through the close integration of the VCSEL and PD devices with the CMOS amplifier circuits. Furthermore, the holey Optochip is directly compatible with current mass-produced 850-nm VCSELs and photodiodes. These Optochips were packaged into complete modules by flip-chip soldering to high-density, high-speed organic carriers using a process very similar to standard C4 soldering used for electrical ICs. The full assembly of the Optomodule involves further attachment to a pin grid array pluggable connector. Electrical characterization of Optomodules plugged into a test circuit board incorporating the socket half of the connector was carried out and dc electrical characterization showed fully operational 24 transmitter (TX) + 24 receiver (RX) Optomodules with uniform performance for all devices within the module. High-speed characterization of all 48-channels (ch) showed good performance up to 12.5 Gb/s/ch. At 12.5Gb/s/ch, an aggregate data rate 300 Gb/s TX + 300 Gb/s RX is provided by the holey Optomodule.
Focusing Properties of X-Ray Spectrometers with 2D-Curved Crystals for Extended X-Ray Sources of Hot Plasmas (1997)

The focusing properties of very large (≈33 × 33 cm2) spherically and toroidally curved crystals with a radius of curvature of ≈10 m were determined numerically with an x-ray tracing code and are compared to those of cylindrically bent crystals. Large spherically and toroidally curved crystals are of interest for the diagnostic of future large tokamak fusion experiments and possibly for other extended x-ray sources. Compared with cylindrically bent crystals-which are now widely used for the plasma diagnostic in tokamak experiments, in particular, for Doppler-broadening measurements to determine the central ion temperature-2D-curved crystal spectrometers can provide a significant enhancement of the intensity due to the additional focusing of the sagittal rays.
Staphylococcus aureus Leukocidin A/B (LukAB) Kills Human Monocytes via Host NLRP3 and ASC when Extracellular, but Not Intracellular (2015)

Staphylococcus aureus infections are a growing health burden worldwide, and paramount to this bacterium's pathogenesis is the production of virulence factors, including pore-forming leukotoxins. Leukocidin A/B (LukAB) is a recently discovered toxin that kills primary human phagocytes, though the underlying mechanism of cell death is not understood. We demonstrate here that LukAB is a major contributor to the death of human monocytes. Using a variety of in vitro and ex vivo intoxication and infection models, we found that LukAB activates Caspase 1, promotes IL-1β secretion and induces necrosis in human monocytes. Using THP1 cells as a model for human monocytes, we found that the inflammasome components NLRP3 and ASC are required for LukAB-mediated IL-1β secretion and necrotic cell death. S. aureus was shown to kill human monocytes in a LukAB dependent manner under both extracellular and intracellular ex vivo infection models. Although LukAB-mediated killing of THP1 monocytes from extracellular S. aureus requires ASC, NLRP3 and the LukAB-receptor CD11b, LukAB-mediated killing from phagocytosed S. aureus is independent of ASC or NLRP3, but dependent on CD11b. Altogether, this study provides insight into the nature of LukAB-mediated killing of human monocytes. The discovery that S. aureus LukAB provokes differential host responses in a manner dependent on the cellular contact site is critical for the development of anti-infective/anti-inflammatory therapies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome.
DiAs Web Monitoring: A Real-Time Remote Monitoring System Designed for Artificial Pancreas Outpatient Trials (2013)

Transition from a hospital setting to home-like conditions requires specific AP supervision to which remote monitoring systems can contribute valuably. DiAs Web Monitoring worked properly when tested in our outpatient studies. It could facilitate subject monitoring and even accelerate medical and technical assessment of the AP. It should now be adapted for long-term studies with an enhanced notification feature.
Adaptive rate control for MPEG transcoder (2003)

In MPEG, the input pictures can be coded in three different types, I, P and B. The three pictures require quite different numbers of bits because of different natures of their temporal processing. Hence, an intelligent bit allocation strategy should assign a target rate for a picture according to the picture's type. Furthermore, for a given bit budget, the types of other pictures should also be taken into consideration. This implies a requirement of a prior knowledge of the picture organization (GOP). This requirement is not a problem for encoder as encoder can plan ahead the types of the pictures. A transcoder however has no such a priori knowledge about a picture's type before actually processing the picture. This creates a difficulty in bit allocation for transcoder. This paper proposes a novel rate control scheme for MPEG transcoder that requires no a priori knowledge of the picture types. The experiments indicate that the picture target rates determined by the proposed rate control with and without a priori knowledge of the picture types are very close.
Sequence divergence in a specific region of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) explains differences in islet amyloid formation between species (1989)

Amyloid deposits in the islets of Langerhans occur in association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in humans and cats and consist of a 37-amino-acid polypeptide known as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). In order to find an explanation for the situation that islet amyloid (IA) does not develop in common rodent species, we have deduced the amino acid sequence of the IAPP molecule in mouse, rat and hamster. We find that a specific region of the molecule diverges to a high degree. Synthetic peptides corresponding to this region of human and hamster IAPP were compared for their ability to form amyloid fibrils in vitro. Whereas the human peptide readily formed fibrils with amyloid character, the hamster peptide completely lacked this property. We suggest this to be a likely explanation for the differences in IA formation between humans and rodents and discuss our findings in relation to the type 2 DM syndrome.
Phosphoproteomics identifies PI3K inhibitor-selective adaptive responses in pancreatic cancer cell therapy and resistance (2020)

Abstract The PI3K pathway is highly active in human cancers. The four class I isoforms of PI3K are activated by distinct mechanisms leading to a common downstream signaling. Their downstream redundancy is thought to be responsible for treatment failures of PI3K inhibitors. We challenged this concept, by mapping the differential phosphoproteome evolution in response to PI3K inhibitors with different isoform selectivity patterns in pancreatic cancer, a disease currently without effective therapy. In this cancer, the PI3K signal was shown to control cell proliferation. We compared the effects of LY294002 that inhibit with equal potency all class I isoenzymes and downstream mTOR with the action of inhibitors with higher isoform-selectivity towards PI3Kα, PI3Kβ or PI3Kγ (namely A66, TGX-221 and AS-252424). A bioinformatics global pathway analysis of phosphoproteomics data allowed us to identify common and specific signals activated by PI3K inhibitors supported by the biological data. AS-252424 was the most effective treatment and induced apoptotic pathway activation as well as the highest changes in global phosphorylation-regulated cell signal. However, AS-252424 treatment induced re-activation of Akt, therefore decreasing the treatment outcome on cell survival. Reversely, AS-252424 and A66 combination treatment prevented p-Akt reactivation and led to synergistic action in cell lines and patient organoids. The combination of clinically approved α-selective BYL-719 with γ-selective IPI-549 was more efficient than single molecule treatment on xenograft growth. Mapping unique adaptive signaling responses to isoform-selective PI3K inhibition will help to design better combinative treatments that prevent the induction of selective compensatory signals. Graphical abstract Significance Half of all human cancers show increased PI3K activity but the mutational pattern of the PI3K pathway is not sufficient to predict sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors. By identifying for the first time specific signaling induced by PI3K inhibitors with different isoform-selectivity patterns, we provide insight in how to handle heterogeneity of PI3K expression in tumor samples for the choice of available PI3K-targetting drugs. Our work provides a roadmap to target the PI3K pathway, balancing the use of isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors with personalized information extending beyond the specific mutational status.
Nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the canine herpesvirus gB, gC and gD homologues (1994)

The nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the canine herpesvirus (CHV) gB, gC and gD homologues was determined. These genes are predicted to encode polypeptides of 879, 459 and 345 amino acids, respectively. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of CHV gB, gC and gD with the homologous sequences from other herpesviruses indicates that CHV is an alphaherpesvirus, a conclusion that is consistent with the previous classification of this virus according to biological properties. Alignment of the homologous gB, gC and gD amino acid sequences indicates that most of the cysteine residues are conserved, suggesting that these glycoproteins possess similar tertiary structures. The nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame downstream from the CHV gC gene was also determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of this putative polypeptide appears to be homologous to a family of proteins encoded downstream from the gC gene in most, although not all, alphaherpesviruses.
Compton scattering tomography (1994)

When a fan beam of monoenergetic γ rays is emitted from a point source into a plane and the scattered photons are recorded by a point detector, the locus of points over which singly Compton-scattered photons suffer the same energy loss is a circle passing through the source and detector points. Thus, the number of scattered photons recorded at a particular detector and energy can be expressed as a weighted line integral of the electron density over a circular path uniquely determined by the energy and the detector location. This defines a novel tomographic reconstruction problem in which, by recording the number of scattered photons as a function of energy and detector position, an image of electron density can be reconstructed from measurements of its line integrals over many overlapping circular paths. It is shown here that this image reconstruction problem has an analytical solution which bears some resemblance to the filtered-backprojection algorithm used in conventional (transmission) computed tomography (CT). A tomographic imaging scheme based on this idea would have several potential advantages over conventional CT systems in the field of industrial nondestructive evaluation, e.g., the ability to image from one side of the object, and the absence of moving parts.
Three‐layer optical waveguide for photolithographic fabrication of thin‐film lenses (1977)

Thin‐film optical systems are a recent outgrowth of integrated optics technology particularly concerned with the fabrication of one‐dimensional optical systems in optical waveguides. Several ways of making thin‐film lenses have been reported from which we have selected the step‐in‐thickness type for further development. This type of thin‐film lens can be fabricated by plasma etching through a photoresist mask in such materials as Nb2O3 and Ta2O5. Plasma etching yields an etch wall with smooth steep sides which is important for good quality thin‐films lenses; however, the etch rate is too variable for reproducible etch depth based upon etch time, and the bottom of the etch is very rough, causing excessive scattering loss. Good control of the etch depth and a smooth flat bottom in the etch areas have been achieved by introducing a layer of TiO2 as an etch stop. The preparation, waveguide loss, and composition of these three‐layer waveguides are discussed.
Amplitude restoration and storage threshold in an all-optical memory (1997)

We demonstrate an all-optical memory which can discriminate between input data pulses of differing amplitude. Only optical pulses with amplitudes above a predetermined threshold are stored and their amplitudes are equalised. We have demonstrated an all-optical regenerative memory with variable storage threshold and amplitude restoration. This functionality should be scaleable to high data rates approaching 100 Gbits and to low latency memory stores using integrated TOAD/SLALOM nonlinear optical switching devices.