gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel spiral CMOS compatible micromachined thermoelectric IR microsensor (2001)

A novel sensing structure and realization method is proposed for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible thermoelectric uncooled infrared microsensors. The structure enables high sensitivity and excellent thermal isolation in sensor pixels with small dimensions suitable for two-dimensional thermal imaging. Front-side dry micromachining allows fast CMOS post-processing, small pixel pitch and integration with on-chip CMOS readout. Prototype sensors with an area of 70×70 µm2 achieved a measured noise equivalent power of 0.36 nW Hz-1/2 and a response time of 3 ms.
Synthesis and Contractile Activities of Cyclic Thrombin Receptor-Derived Peptide Analogues with a Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg Motif:  Importance of the Phe/Arg Relative Conformation and the Primary Amino Group for Activity (1996)

Based on the minimal peptide sequence (Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg) that has been found to exhibit biological activity in a gastric smooth muscle contractile assay for thrombin receptor-activating peptides, the cyclic peptide analogues cyclo(Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-Acp) (1), cyclo(Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-epsilon Lys) (2), and cyclo(Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-Gly) (3) have been synthesized by the solid-phase method using benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluoroborate or 2-(1H-benzo-triazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate as cyclization reagents. The contractile activities of compounds 1-3 have been compared with that of the linear thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP) Ser-Phe-Leu-Leu-Arg-NH2 (compound 4) using a gastric smooth muscle strip assay. Compound 2, wherein the epsilon-amino group of lysine was coupled to the alpha-carboxyl of arginine, exhibited a contractile activity comparable to that of the linear TRAP, compound 4. However compound 1, wherein the aminocaproic linker group yielded a ring size the same as for compound 2 but without a primary amino group, exhibited a contractile activity 600-1000-fold lower than compounds 2 and 4. Compound 3, which exhibited partial agonist activity, was about 100-fold less potent than either compound 2 or 4. NMR spectroscopy of compound 2 revealed a proximity of the Phe and Arg side chains, leading to a molecular model generated by distance geometry and molecular dynamics, wherein the Phe and Arg residues are shown in proximity on the same side of the peptide ring. We conclude that the Phe and Arg side chains along with the primary amino group form an active recognition motif that is augmented by the presence of a primary amino group in the cyclic peptide. We suggest that a comparable cyclic conformation may be responsible for the interaction of linear TRAPs with the thrombin receptor.
Eine neue Synthese von 1.2‐Benzisothiazolen (1969)

Abstract Es wurde eine neue Herstellungsweise für 1.2‐Benzisothiazole ( 1 ) gefunden. Die Verbindungen entstehen durch Umsetzen von 2.6‐Dihalogen‐benzylidenhalogeniden mit elementarem Schwefel und Ammoniak in einem Lösungsmittel.
Luminescent characteristics of a novel porous silicon structure formed in a nonaqueous electrolyte (1994)

Novel porous silicon layers which photoluminesce and electroluminesce in an aqueous solution have been formed by oxidation of (100) silicon in anhydrous acetonitrile-HF solutions. The novel porous structures consisted of large, noninterconnected pores, 1–2 μm diam, which grew normal to the surface. The pores were spaced 2–3 μm apart, and the length, which could be over 150 μm, was dependent on etch time and current density. Microporous structures (i.e., &lt;100 nm), often associated with luminescence from porous silicon, were not detected by TEM, SEM, or infrared examination. The porous surface was hydride terminated, which was critical to the luminescence process. Since water and oxygen were not present during the formation of the porous structure and the pores were relatively large, neither silicon-oxygen species (e.g., siloxenes) nor quantum size structures, appeared necessary for the generation visible luminescence from porous silicon.
[Penetration and action of edoxudine in vitro and in vivo]. (1989)

The penetration of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (edoxudine, Aedurid) from gel base with and without the addition of urea and other adjuvant has been studied in an in vitro model using guinea pig skin. The formulation of 3% edoxudine gel with 5% urea showed the best results. In vivo experiments on hairless mice infected intracutaneously with herpes simplex virus type 1 also showed this formulation's good efficacy as compared to other formulations.
Buildings-to-Grid Integration Framework (2017)

This paper puts forth a mathematical framework for buildings-to-grid (BtG) integration in smart cities. The framework explicitly couples power grid and building's control actions and operational decisions, and can be utilized by buildings and power grids operators to simultaneously optimize their performance. Simplified dynamics of building clusters and building-integrated power networks with algebraic equations are presented-both operating at different time-scales. A model predictive control-based algorithm that formulates the BtG integration and accounts for the time-scale discrepancy is developed. The formulation captures dynamic and algebraic power flow constraints of power networks and is shown to be numerically advantageous. This paper analytically establishes that the BtG integration yields a reduced total system cost in comparison with decoupled designs where grid and building operators determine their controls separately. The developed framework is tested on standard power networks that include thousands of buildings modeled using industrial data. Case studies demonstrate building energy savings and significant frequency regulation, while these findings carry over in network simulations with nonlinear power flows and mismatch in building model parameters. Finally, simulations indicate that the performance does not significantly worsen when there is uncertainty in the forecasted weather and base load conditions.
Constrained Clipping for Crest Factor Reduction in OFDM (2006)

In this paper, we propose a constrained clipping method for reducing the peak to average power ratio (PAR) or crest factor of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. This is a transmitter-side processing technique that does not impose any modification at the receiver. Specifically, constrained clipping achieves PAR reduction while simultaneously satisfying spectral mask and error vector magnitude (EVM) constraints which are specified by most modern communications standards. Our proposed constrained clipping method consists of two independent processing units, one to satisfy the in-band EVM constraint and the other to satisfy the out-of-band spectral constraint. Achievable PAR reduction results vary depending on the particular standards' requirements, but we show that by using constrained clipping on a QPSK WiMax signal with 256 subcarriers, a 4.5 dB PAR reduction at the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) level can be obtained
Biocatalytic routes toward pharmaceutically important precursors and novel polymeric systems (2005)

Abstract The synthetic potential of enzymes related to organic synthesis has been applied profusely, especially since the introduction of their use in organic solvents. Enzymes offer the opportunity to carry out highly chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective transformations. The use of enzymes in the synthetic sequence provides unique advantages of efficiency and environmental friendliness. Owing to their low cost and applicability to a broad range of substrates, lipases have become the most versatile class of biocatalysts in organic synthesis. We have screened a battery of lipases to carry out highly selective reactions for the synthesis of a wide range of organic compounds and polymeric materials.
Autonomous Scanning Probe Microscopy in-situ Tip Conditioning through\n Machine Learning (2018)

Atomic scale characterization and manipulation with scanning probe microscopy\nrely upon the use of an atomically sharp probe. Here we present automated\nmethods based on machine learning to automatically detect and recondition the\nquality of the probe of a scanning tunneling microscope. As a model system, we\nemploy these techniques on the technologically relevant hydrogen-terminated\nsilicon surface, training the network to recognize abnormalities in the\nappearance of surface dangling bonds. Of the machine learning methods tested, a\nconvolutional neural network yielded the greatest accuracy, achieving a\npositive identification of degraded tips in 97% of the test cases. By using\nmultiple points of comparison and majority voting, the accuracy of the method\nis improved beyond 99%. The methods described here can easily be generalized to\nother material systems and nanoscale imaging techniques.\n
Reduced <i>FMR1</i> mRNA translation efficiency in Fragile X patients with premutations (2002)

The Fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1) contains a polymorphic trinucleotide CGG repeat in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the FMR1 messenger. We have characterized three lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from unrelated male carriers of a premutation that overexpress FMR1 mRNA and show reduced FMRP level compared to normal cells. The analysis of polysomes/mRNPs distribution of mRNA in the cell lines with a premutation shows that the polysomal association of FMR1 mRNA, which is high in normal cells, becomes progressively lower with increasing CGG repeat expansion. In addition, we could detect a very low level of FMR1 mRNA in a lymphoblastoid cell line from a patient with a full mutation. In this case, FMR1 mRNA is not at all associated with polysomes, in agreement with the complete absence of FMRP. The impairment of FMR1 mRNA translation in patients with the Fragile X syndrome with FMR1 premutation is the cause of the lower FMRP levels that leads to the clinical involvement.
Fabrication of enclosed nanochannels using silica nanoparticles (2005)

We report a simple and inexpensive approach to the fabrication of enclosed nanoscale channels composed of silica nanoparticles on planar Si surfaces using interferometric lithography to define the long-range pattern in a photoresist film followed by spin-coating self-assembly of colloidal silica nanoparticles and high-temperature calcination to remove the photoresist leaving open nanochannels. Channel structures with channel width and height ranging from ∼100nm to over 1μm were formed over large areas with different particle sizes and channel profiles. The dimensional scale of these ordered arrays of enclosed channels can be easily controlled through the parameters in the photoresist patterning and the spin-coating steps. Complex, multilayer structures have been generated using this approach as well. This process opens a route to fabricating ordered enclosed nanochannels with potential uses in photonics, molecular/biological sensors, biological separations and catalysis.
Tracking Articulated Structures in Stereo Image Sequences (1999)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for real time 3-D tracking of articulated structures in stereo image sequences. These sequences can be captured by an inexpensive commercially available system that also computes the dense disparity map in real time. In our algorithm, the tracked object is modeled as a set of articulated 3D blobs, each adhering to a Gaussian distribution. Classification of the disparity map pixels into the segments of the articulated object is based on the maximum likelihood principle with an additional mechanism for filling the missing data created by self-occlusions. The articulation constraints are enforced through an Extended Kalman Filter, which can also be used to model the dynamics of the tracked object.
Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Salmon Calcitonin (sCT) Technology-Based Oral Formulation in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Acute and 3-Month Effects on Biomarkers of Bone Turnover (2004)

The results of this 3-month trial show that the novel Eligen technology-based oral formulation of sCT has potential to become a safe and effective treatment for postmenopausal bone loss. Future trials are needed to assess the impact of long-term administration on changes in BMD and fracture risk.
A Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating System (1997)

A novel solar water heating system was patented in 1994. This system uses photovoltaic cells to generate electrical energy that is subsequently dissipated in multiple electric resistive heating elements. A microprocessor controller continually selects the appropriate heating elements such that the resistive load causes the photovoltaic array to operate at or near maximum power. Unlike other residential photovoltaic systems, the photovoltaic solar water heating system does not require an inverter to convert the direct current supplied by the photovoltaic array to an alternating current or a battery system for storage. It uses the direct current supplied by the photovoltaic array and the inherent storage capabilities of a residential water heater. A photovoltaic solar hot water system eliminates the components most often associated with the failures of solar thermal hot water systems. Although currently more expensive than a solar thermal hot water system, the continued decline of photovoltaic cell prices is likely to make this system competitive with solar thermal hot water systems within the next decade. This paper describes the system, discusses the advantages and disadvantages relative to solar thermal water heating systems, reviews the various control strategies which have been considered, and presents experimental results for two full-scale prototype systems.
<title>New OVD based on interferential photography recorded in holographic materials</title> (1999)

A new Optical Variable Device (OVD) based on an old color photographic technique (Lippmann photography, invented in 1891) is presented. Today, this type of photography can be applied as a unique security device on security documents, such as, e.g., identification cards, passports, credit cards, and other documents where a high degree of security is needed. A Lippmann photograph is very similar to holograms, currently used in this field; a unique recording of each document can be made to achieve a degree of security higher than that with mass-produced holograms. The recording of Lippmann photographs requires a special type of photosensitive medium in contact with a reflecting layer. Panchromatic silver-halide or photopolymer materials can be used and, after being recorded and processed, laminated to security documents. A special type of recording equipment is required. Lippmann photographs are virtually impossible to copy and, certainly, cannot be copied by conventional photography or color copying machines.
Large-scale synthesis and structure of boron nitride sub-micron spherical particles (2002)

A novel method, combining chemical vapor deposition and pyrolysis of trimethoxyborane under ammonia atmosphere, has been developed to synthesize spherical boron nitride particles with a uniform diameter distribution from 50 to 400 nm; chemical composition and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses indicate that the sub-micron boron nitride particles exhibit a slightly distorted arrangement of the shell layers.
Control of coal combustion SO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} emissions by in-boiler injection of CMA. First quarterly project status report, 1 October 1992--31 December 1992 (1992)

The principal objectives of the proposed research are two-fold: (A) To understand the mechanism and assess the effectiveness of sulfur capture by the chemical calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). And (B) To evaluate the NO{sub x} reduction capabilities of CMA by burning the organic constituents of the chemical (the acetate) and reducing NO to stable N{sub 2} The optimum conditions and the location of CMA introduction in the furnace will be identified. To achieve these goals water solutions of CMA or dry powders of CMA will be injected into hot air or gases simulating the furnace exhaust (containing CO{sub 2}, SO{sub x} NO{sub x}, H{sub 2}O, O{sub 2} etc.) and the composition of gaseous and solid products of the reaction will be monitored. The processes of burning the organic acetate as well as the calcination, sintering and sulfation of the remaining solid will be studied in detail.
A framework for automated testing of javascript web applications (2011)

Current practice in testing JavaScript web applications requires manual construction of test cases, which is difficult and tedious. We present a framework for feedback-directed automated test generation for JavaScript in which execution is monitored to collect information that directs the test generator towards inputs that yield increased coverage. We implemented several instantiations of the framework, corresponding to variations on feedback-directed random testing, in a tool called Artemis. Experiments on a suite of JavaScript applications demonstrate that a simple instantiation of the framework that uses event handler registrations as feedback information produces surprisingly good coverage if enough tests are generated. By also using coverage information and read-write sets as feedback information, a slightly better level of coverage can be achieved, and sometimes with many fewer tests. The generated tests can be used for detecting HTML validity problems and other programming errors.
Influenza Virus M2e with Additional Cysteine Residues Shows Enhanced Immunogenicity and Protection Against Lethal Virus Challenge (2013)

The amino acid sequence of the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) is conserved among all subtypes of influenza A viruses. Therefore, the M2e peptide can be considered as a target antigen for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. We evaluated the effects of adding cysteine residues to a peptide of amino acids 2-24 of M2e. Mice immunized with some of these peptides containing one, two, three, four, or five extra cysteines displayed enhanced antibody titers to M2e. In addition, immunization with a peptide containing three extra cysteines, along with an aluminum adjuvant, protected mice more effectively against a lethal influenza virus challenge than the original M2e peptide. These results indicated that an M2e peptide containing additional cysteine residues could be a universal influenza vaccine candidate even without the addition of strong adjuvants.
Build, Launch, Convene: Sketches for Constructive-Dialogic Learning Environments (1999) (2015)

We present design principles and prototypical instantiations of a series of game-like learning environments. The &quot;Magix&quot; series supports learning through playful exploration. Extending the engaging nature of constructionist-style tools, Magix play kits foster a constructive-dialogic style of interaction. In the course of creating colorful, animated objects that interact with clones or similar objects, learners can explore emergent phenomena in realms such as geometry and sociodynamic systems. Learners&apos; moves alternate with automatic moves of the computational device so that the interactions resemble turn-taking in a dialog. In PatternMagix, children play in a world of colorful tiles and geometric operations, from which they forge mosaic-like These evocative illustrations are from Locher, J. L. (ed.), The World of M. C. Escher.
CD26: a key molecule in immune regulation and autoimmune diseases (2003)

In this review, we focus on major aspects of the biology of CD26, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)-containing surface glycoprotein with multiple functions. In particular, we discuss findings demonstrating that CD26/DPPIV has an essential role in immune regulation as a T cell activation molecule and a regulator of chemokine function. We also review recent studies that identify key cellular molecules that physically associate with CD26 and the potential consequences of their interaction, including those with clinically related implications. Furthermore, we present work suggesting a role for CD26 in the pathophysiology of immune-mediated disorders as well as autoimmune diseases. We present recent studies that investigate the potential role of CD26 as a molecular target for novel treatment modalities for immune-mediated diseases, with work involving the use of anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody, DPPIV inhibitors, and soluble CD26 molecules.
Image intensifier-based intravenous volume tomographic angiography imaging: animal studies (1998)

An image intensifier-based rotational volume tomographic digital angiography (VTDA) imaging system has been constructed. The system consists of an x-ray tube and an image intensifier that are separately mounted on a gantry. This system uses an image intensifier coupled to a charge coupled device (CCD) camera as a two-dimensional (2D) detector so that a set of 2D projections can be acquired for a direct three- dimensional (3D) reconstruction. This paper presents the results of the preliminary animal studies using the volume tomographic angiography system with intravenous (IV) injections. The results from the animal studies demonstrate that VTDA only needs a single IV injection of contrast and volume scanning to provide adequate image contrast and resolution for quantitative assessment of vascular anatomy.
A NOMOGRAM TO CLASSIFY MEN WITH LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS USING URINE FLOW AND NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF BLADDER PRESSURE (2005)

The proposed nomogram combined with the additional flow rate criterion can classify more than two-thirds of cases without recourse to invasive pressure flow studies. We must now evaluate the usefulness of this classification for the treatment of men with LUTS.
Palmitoylated Prolactin-releasing Peptide Reduced Aβ Plaques and Microgliosis in the Cerebellum: APP/PS1 Mice Study (2021)

These results suggest palm11-PrRP31 is a promising agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Compact Dual Ion Composition Experiment for space plasmas—CoDICE (2016)

Abstract The Compact Dual Ion Composition Experiment—CoDICE—simultaneously provides high‐quality plasma and energetic ion composition measurements over six decades in energy in a wide variety of space plasma environments. CoDICE measures two critical ion populations in space plasmas: (1) Elemental and charge state composition, and 3‐D velocity distributions of <10 eV/ q –40 keV/ q plasma ions; and (2) Elemental composition, energy spectra, and angular distributions of ∼30 keV–>10 MeV energetic ions. CoDICE uses a novel, integrated, common time‐of‐flight subsystem that provides several advantages over the commonly used separate plasma and energetic ion sensors currently flying on several space missions. These advantages include reduced mass and volume compared to two separate instruments, reduced shielding in high‐radiation environments, and simplified spacecraft interface and accommodation requirements. This paper describes the operation principles, electro‐optic simulation results and applies the CoDICE concept for measuring plasma and energetic ion populations in Jupiter's magnetosphere.
Robust Capon beamforming (2002)

The Capon beamformer has better resolution and much better interference rejection capability than the standard (data-independent) beamformer, provided that the array steering vector corresponding to the signal of interest (SOI) is accurately known. However, whenever the knowledge of SOI steering vector is imprecise, the performance of the Capon beamformer may become worse than that of the standard beamformer. In this paper, we present a natural extension of the Capon beamformer to the case of uncertain steering vectors. The proposed robust Capon beamformer can no longer be expressed in a closed form but it can be efficiently computed. Its excellent performance is demonstrated via a number of numerical examples.