gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oncolytic polio virotherapy of cancer (2014)

Recently, the century-old idea of targeting cancer with viruses (oncolytic viruses) has come of age, and promise has been documented in early stage and several late-stage clinical trials in a variety of cancers. Although originally prized for their direct tumor cytotoxicity (oncolytic virotherapy), recently, the proinflammatory and immunogenic effects of viral tumor infection (oncolytic immunotherapy) have come into focus. Indeed, a capacity for eliciting broad, sustained antineoplastic effects stemming from combined direct viral cytotoxicity, innate antiviral activation, stromal proinflammatory stimulation, and recruitment of adaptive immune effector responses is the greatest asset of oncolytic viruses. However, it also is the source for enormous mechanistic complexity that must be considered for successful clinical translation. Because of fundamentally different relationships with their hosts (malignant or not), diverse replication strategies, and distinct modes of tumor cytotoxicity/killing, oncolytic viruses should not be referred to collectively. These agents must be evaluated based on their individual merits. In this review, the authors highlight key mechanistic principles of cancer treatment with the polio:rhinovirus chimera PVSRIPO and their implications for oncolytic immunotherapy in the clinic.
Composition involving V sub 2 O sub 3 FeO-Sio sub 2 and process for making composition (1992)

This patent describes a method of preparing a composition involving V{sub 2}O{sub 3}, FeO and SiO{sub 2} that is crystallized from a liquid with which the composition is in equilibrium on the liquidus surface and wherein the liquid has a composition that falls within a polygon shaped shaded area ABCDE as shown in the disclosed Figure for a ternary composition diagram of V{sub 2}O{sub 3}, FeO and SiO{sub 2}. It comprises heating V{sub 2}O{sub 5} powder having a particle size of less than about 50 microns in an atmosphere in which the partial pressure of oxygen is in the range of 10{sup {minus}5} to 10{sup {minus}10} atmosphere while gradually increasing the temperature over a temperature range of about 600{degrees} C to 1300{degrees} C and holding the final temperature for a period to ensure complete reduction of all vanadium to V{sup 3+}; heating Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} powder having a particle size of less than about 50 microns for a period of about 10 to 14 hrs. at a temperature in the range of about 1400{degrees} C to 1450{degrees} C whereby substantially all of the Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} is converted into Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}; heating SiO{sub 2} powder having a particle sizemore » of less than about 50 microns for a period of about 10 to 14 hours at a temperature in the range of about 1000{degrees} C to 1200{degrees} C; thoroughly grinding together an amount of V{sub 2}O{sub 3} from in the range of about 25 to about 98 wt. %, with an amount of Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} from in the range of more than 0 to about 50 wt. %, and with an amount of SiO{sub 2} from in the range of about more than 0 to about 43 wt. % to produce a mixture having a grain size of less than about 50 microns, pelletizing the mixture from (4) at a pressure of about 5,000 psi.« less
Primary Video Object Segmentation via Complementary CNNs and Neighborhood Reversible Flow (2017)

This paper proposes a novel approach for segmenting primary video objects by using Complementary Convolutional Neural Networks (CCNN) and neighborhood reversible flow. The proposed approach first pre-trains CCNN on massive images with manually annotated salient objects in an end-to-end manner, and the trained CCNN has two separate branches that simultaneously handle two complementary tasks, i.e., foregroundness and backgroundness estimation. By applying CCNN on each video frame, the spatial foregroundness and backgroundness maps can be initialized, which are then propagated between various frames so as to segment primary video objects and suppress distractors. To enforce efficient temporal propagation, we divide each frame into superpixels and construct neighborhood reversible flow that reflects the most reliable temporal correspondences between superpixels in far-away frames. Within such flow, the initialized foregroundness and backgroundness can be efficiently and accurately propagated along the temporal axis so that primary video objects gradually pop-out and distractors are well suppressed. Extensive experimental results on three video datasets show that the proposed approach achieves impressive performance in comparisons with 18 state-of-the-art models.
Ethernet topology discovery without network assistance (2004)

This work addresses the problem of layer 2 topology discovery. Current techniques concentrate on using SNMP to query information from Ethernet switches. In contrast, we present a technique that infers the Ethernet (layer 2) topology without assistance from the network elements by injecting suitable probe packets from the end-systems and observing where they are delivered. We describe the algorithm, formally characterize its correctness and completeness, and present our implementation and experimental results. Performance results show that although originally aimed at the home and small office the techniques scale to much larger networks.
Aqueous Ferryl(IV) Ion:  Kinetics of Oxygen Atom Transfer To Substrates and Oxo Exchange with Solvent Water (2005)

The aqueous iron(IV) ion, FeIVaqO2+, generated from O3 and Feaq2+, reacts rapidly with various oxygen atom acceptors (sulfoxides, a water-soluble triarylphosphine, and a thiolatocobalt complex). In each case, FeIVaqO2+ is reduced to Feaq2+, and the substrate is oxidized to a product expected for oxygen atom transfer. Competition methods were used to determine the kinetics of these reactions, some of which have rate constants in excess of 107 M-1 s-1. Oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has k = 1.26 × 105 M-1 s-1 and shows no deuterium kinetic isotope effect, k(DMSO-d6) = 1.23 × 105 M-1 s-1. The FeIVaqO2+/sulfoxide reaction is the product-forming step in a very efficient Feaq2+-catalyzed oxidation of sulfoxides by ozone. This catalytic cycle, combined with labeling experiments in H218O, was used to determine the rate constant for the oxo-group exchange between FeIVaqO2+ and solvent water under acidic conditions, kexch = 1.4 × 103 s-1.
Improved material-bagging device (1982)

A bagging device for transferring material; specifically contaminated material, from one chamber through an opening in a wall to a second chamber includes a cylindrical housing communicating with the opening and defining a passage between the chambers. A cylindrical cartridge is slidably received within the housing. The cartridge has a substantially rigid cylindrical sleeve to which is affixed a pliable tube. The pliable tube is positioned concentrically about the sleeve and has a pleated portion capable of unfolding from the sleeve and a closed end extending over a terminal end of the sleeve. Sealing means are interposed in sealed relationship between the cartridge and the housing. Material from one chamber is inserted into the cartridge secured in the housing and received in the closed end of the tube which unfolds into the other chamber enclosing the material therein. The tube may then be sealed behind the material and then severed to form a bag-like enclosure defined by the tube's closed terminal end and the new seal. The new seal then forms a terminal end for the unsevered portion of the pliable tube into which additional material may be placed and the bagging process repeated.
Maximum likelihood estimation of the ratio of the velocities of compressional and shear waves (1984)

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Series-resonant converter with reduced-frequency-range control (2015)

In this paper, a control method that improves performance of series-resonant converters that operate with a wide input-voltage and/or output-voltage range by substantially reducing their switching-frequency range. The switching-frequency-range reduction is achieved by controlling the output voltage with a combination of variable-frequency and delay-time control. Variable-frequency control is employed to control the primary switches, while delay-time control is used to control secondary-side rectifier switches provided in place of diode rectifiers. The performance evaluation of the proposed control was done on a 690-W prototype operating in a 200-450-V input-voltage range and delivering a 13.8-V output voltage. The prototype circuit exhibits the maximum full-load efficiency of 95.8% with a switching frequency variation from 48 kHz to 72 kHz over the entire input-voltage range.
Status of miniature integrated UV resonance fluorescence and Raman sensors for detection and identification of biochemical warfare agents (2005)

Laser induced native fluorescence (LINF) is the most sensitive method of detection of biological material including microorganisms, virus', and cellular residues. LINF is also a sensitive method of detection for many non-biological materials as well. The specificity with which these materials can be classified depends on the excitation wavelength and the number and location of observation wavelengths. Higher levels of specificity can be obtained using Raman spectroscopy but a much lower levels of sensitivity. Raman spectroscopy has traditionally been employed in the IR to avoid fluorescence. Fluorescence rarely occurs at wavelength below about 270nm. Therefore, when excitation occurs at a wavelength below 250nm, no fluorescence background occurs within the Raman fingerprint region for biological materials. When excitation occurs within electronic resonance bands of the biological target materials, Raman signal enhancement over one million typically occurs. Raman sensitivity within several hundred times fluorescence are possible in the deep UV where most biological materials have strong absorption. Since the Raman and fluorescence emissions occur at different wavelength, both spectra can be observed simultaneously, thereby providing a sensor with unique sensitivity and specificity capability. We will present data on our integrated, deep ultraviolet, LINF/Raman instruments that are being developed for several applications including life detection on Mars as well as biochemical warfare agents on Earth. We will demonstrate the ability to discriminate organic materials based on LINF alone. Together with UV resonance Raman, higher levels of specificity will be demonstrated. In addition, these instruments are being developed as on-line chemical sensors for industrial and municipal waste streams and product quality applications.
Mutations in N-ras predominate in acute myeloid leukemia (1987)

Using synthetic oligomers we investigated fresh samples of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for the presence of mutated ras oncogenes. Our original results showed that five of eight samples contained a mutation in codon 13 of the N-ras gene. In a subsequent study involving 37 samples, we found only one N-ras-13 mutation, and, in addition, mutations in codon 61 of the N-ras gene in four cases and a mutation in codon 12 of the Ki-ras gene in two cases. Amplification of ras genes was not observed. We conclude that in approximately 20% to 25% of AML cases, a mutated ras oncogene is present, predominantly the N-ras gene. The occurrence of mutations does not correlate with the cytological features of the leukemia.
Formulation and Characterization of a Multiple Emulsion for Use as a Red Blood Cell Substitute (1988)

Abstract A new approach to the development of an oxygen‐carrying blood substitute is presented. The development of a viable blood substitute in the form of a multiple emulsion encapsulating hemoglobin solution was explored. Results indicated that the formulation ingredients and procedure affect the properties of the multiple emulsion. In order to evaluate the different formulations a quantitative method of assessing the encapsulation efficiency (yield) of the multiple emulsions was developed. The yield test measures the amount of hemoglobin released into the external phase. A model mutiple emulsion was formulated and characterized by yield, drop size distribution, oxygen‐carrying capacity, oxyhemoglobin dissociation, short‐term storage stability, and viscosity. The yield obtained for the model formulation was excellent (greater than 90%) giving high oxygen‐carrying capacity. The high yield was maintained over a four day storage period at 4d̀C.
Fluoride-ion Conductivity Analysis of Yb-F-S Multiple-anion Compounds (2020)

Abstract The mixed-anion fluorosulfide Yb3F4S2 was examined as a solid electrolyte for all-solid-state fluoride-ion batteries. The synthesized Yb3F4S2 compound by solid-state reaction under vacuum contained Yb2O2S impurities, which originated from the starting materials. The conduction properties of Yb3F4S2 are discussed herein based on the electrochemical impedance and DC blocking measurements, which indicate mixed ionic and electrical conduction of Yb3F4S2. Yb L3-edge X-ray absorption measurements demonstrate the mixed valence state of ytterbium ion.
Adaptive digital predistorter for power amplifiers with real time modeling of memoryless complex gains (2002)

When the signals resulting from linear modulation methods, like M-ary QAM, are passed through a nonlinear power amplifier, their fluctuating envelope causes distortion and spectral spreading. In order to avoid these effects, while maintaining both power and spectral efficiency, the use of linearization techniques is necessary. This paper presents a digital predistorter with real time modeling of AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics of a power amplifier (PA). The input and output lowpass equivalent complex envelopes of the amplifier are sampled, scaled and updated into a lookup table to provide the predistorted signal. An improvement of 45 dB of out-of-band power is obtained when simulating with Signal Processing WorkSystem (SPW). The proposed technique is robust and efficient since no iterative procedure is needed, hence the convergence time is eliminated.
Use of confocal imaging in the study of biological structures (1987)

Scanning confocal microscopy offers several potential advantages for light microscope studies of biological material. Foremost amongst these is the rejection of interfering signals from out-of-focus structures, which often seriously degrade images. The degradation in image quality with epifluorescence microscopy is particularly pronounced; an unfortunate situation, as this is one of the most commonly used techniques in biological research. Confocal imaging almost completely eliminates this problem and therefore promises to have a wide application in this area. We have developed a high-speed beam scanning confocal imaging system that can be used in conjunction with a conventional microscope, and have examined a variety of biological material using this system. In all cases we have found that confocal imaging gives a marked improvement in quality over conventional techniques. viewed with epifluorescence.
Cylodextrin Polymer Nitrate (2000)

The development of the use of cyclodextrin nitrates as possible components of insensitive, high-energy energetics is outlined over a time period of 12 years. Four different types of cyclodextrin polymers were synthesized, nitrated, and evaluated regarding their potential use for the military and aerospace community. The synthesis of these novel cyclodextrin polymers and different nitration techniques are shown and the potential of these new materials is discussed.
Correlative multi-label video annotation (2007)

Automatically annotating concepts for video is a key to semantic-level video browsing, search and navigation. The research on this topic evolved through two paradigms. The first paradigm used binary classification to detect each individual concept in a concept set. It achieved only limited success, as it did not model the inherent correlation between concepts, e.g., urban and building. The second paradigm added a second step on top of the individual concept detectors to fuse multiple concepts. However, its performance varies because the errors incurred in the first detection step can propagate to the second fusion step and therefore degrade the overall performance. To address the above issues, we propose a third paradigm which simultaneously classifies concepts and models correlations between them in a single step by using a novel Correlative Multi-Label (CML) framework. We compare the performance between our proposed approach and the state-of-the-art approaches in the first and second paradigms on the widely used TRECVID data set. We report superior performance from the proposed approach.
Electret properties of cycloolefin copolymers (2002)

The electret properties of cycloolefin copolymer (COC) films, metalized on one side and charged with corona or electron-beam methods, were investigated. Measurements of the isothermal decay of surface and bulk charges under room conditions and at elevated temperatures and humidities as well as thermally-stimulated current measurements indicate excellent stability of surface charges of positive and negative polarity. Negative bulk charges, injected be electron beams, are less stable. The COC materials are nonpolar and show no measurable piezo- and pyroelectric activity.
Spectroscopic diffraction phase microscopy (2012)

We present spectroscopic diffraction phase microscopy (sDPM) as a method capable of measuring quantitative phase images at multiple wavelengths. sDPM uses a spatial light modulator at the Fourier plane of a lens to select desired wavelengths from the white light illumination of a grating. The quantitative phase information at different wavelengths allows us to decouple the refractive index and the thickness from the phase shift induced by biological cells. We demonstrate the capability of the setup by dispersion measurements of microsphere beads and RBCs.
Acoustic admittance measuring apparatus with wide dynamic range and logarithmic output (1991)

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Wnt Inhibitory Factor-1 Is Silenced by Promoter Hypermethylation in Human Lung Cancer (2004)

Aberrant activation of the Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway is associated with a variety of human cancers, and we recently reported the importance of aberrant Wnt signaling in lung cancer. On the other hand, inhibition of Wnt signaling suppresses growth in numerous cell types. Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF-1) is a secreted antagonist that can bind Wnt in the extracellular space and inhibit Wnt signaling. Recently, down-regulation of WIF-1 has been reported in several human cancers. To discover the mechanism of WIF-1 silencing in lung cancer, we first identified the human WIF-1 promoter and subsequently examined the methylation status in the CpG islands. By using methylation-specific PCR and sequence analysis after bisulfite treatment, we demonstrate here frequent CpG island hypermethylation in the functional WIF-1 promoter region. This hypermethylation correlates with its transcriptional silencing in human lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restores WIF-1 expression. We then studied WIF-1 expression in 18 freshly resected lung cancers, and we show a down-regulation in 15 of them (83%). This silencing also correlates with WIF-1 promoter methylation. Our results suggest that methylation silencing of WIF-1 is a common and likely important mechanism of aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer pathogenesis, raising its therapeutic interest.
Conversion from Tree to Graph Representation of Requirements (2009)

A procedure and software to implement the procedure have been devised to enable conversion from a tree representation to a graph representation of the requirements governing the development and design of an engineering system. The need for this procedure and software and for other requirements-management tools arises as follows: In systems-engineering circles, it is well known that requirements- management capability improves the likelihood of success in the team-based development of complex systems involving multiple technological disciplines. It is especially desirable to be able to visualize (in order to identify and manage) requirements early in the system- design process, when errors can be corrected most easily and inexpensively.
Supercapacitor energy storage system for fault ride through in grid-connected PV array (2014)

A fault ride through, power management and control strategy for grid integrated photovoltaic (PV) system with supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) is presented in this paper. During normal operation the SCESS will be used to minimize the short term fluctuation as it has high power density and during fault at the grid side it will be used to store the generated power from the PV array for later use and for fault ride through. To capture the maximum available solar power, Incremental Conductance (IC) method is used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). An independent P-Q control is implemented to transfer the generated power to the grid using a Voltage source inverter (VSI). The SCESS is connected to the system using a bi-directional buck boost converter. The system model has been developed that consists of PV module, buck converter for MPPT, buck-boost converter to connect the SCESS to the DC link. Three independent controllers are implemented for each power electronics block. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is examined on Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and the results verify the superiority of the proposed approach.
Low Bit Rate Speech Compression For Playback In Speech Recognition Systems (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Synthesis of Hydroxy Thio-ether Derivatives of Vegetable Oil (2006)

Bio-based additives are desirable commodities due to their eco-friendly nature. These additives can demonstrate physical and chemical properties comparable to those of conventional mineral oil-based products. Sulfur incorporated triacylglycerol can function as an antiwear/antifriction additive for lubricants. The synthesis of four useful hydroxy thio-ether derivatives of vegetable oils, from commercially available epoxidized soybean oil and common organic thiols, is reported in this paper. The common thiols used herein were 1-butanethiol, 1-decanethiol, 1-octadecanethiol, and cyclohexyl mercaptan. Currently, there is no reported literature describing the synthesis of hydroxy thio-ether derivatives of vegetable oil. The reaction was monitored, and products were confirmed by NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. Experimental conditions involving various thiols, solvent, catalyst amount, time, and temperature were optimized for research quantity and laboratory scale-up. The synthetic process retains the vegetable oil structure, eliminates polyunsaturation in the molecule, and adds polar functional groups on triacylglycerol. These products can be used as agriculturally-based antiwear additives for lubricant applications.