gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical Parameter Design for a Cascaded H-Bridge With Selective Harmonic Elimination/Compensation Based on Harmonic Envelope Analysis for Single-Phase Systems (2018)

This paper investigates the critical parameter design technique for a cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) with selective harmonic elimination (SHE)/compensation (SHC) for single-phase systems. The critical parameters include the filter inductance, the number of H-bridge cells, the dc-bus voltage and the switching frequency. This paper derives the relationship of electrical parameters, topologies, and modulation techniques to the voltage/current harmonic envelopes, and compares the filter inductor design for an H-Bridge with sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM), an H-Bridge (HB) with SHE/SHC and a CHB with SHE/SHC. Furthermore, a harmonic-envelope-based approach is developed to determine the optimum design parameters. The developed approach designs the harmonic envelope with two proposed criteria: the first one is the capacity criterion, which guarantees that the fundamental and controllable components are within the applicable solution range to avoid overmodulation; the other one is the attenuation criterion, which ensures that the uncontrollable harmonic complies with the grid limit. Simulations and experiments verified that a CHB designed with the proposed technique can simultaneously fulfill the compensation objectives and meet the harmonic limits.
Semiconducting Polymer Nanoprobe for In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (2013)

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles are used as a free-radical inert and light-harvesting nanoplatform for in vivo molecular imaging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). This nanoprobe permits detection of RONS in the microenvironment of spontaneous bacterial infection (see picture; FRET=fluorescence resonance energy transfer).
Time‐resolved spin‐labeled balanced steady‐state free precession cineangiography for visualizing intracardiac shunt: technical considerations and clinical feasibility (2012)

A time-resolved spin-labeled cineangiographic MRI technique for visualizing blood flow in the heart and defects of the atrial septum is described. The method utilizes a spin labeling preparation and a time-resolved balanced steady-state free precession imaging readout that enhances blood in the left atrium or right atrium and suppresses background signal through inversion recovery. Four volunteer studies and 10 patient studies were performed at 1.5 T to characterize the signal properties and to test the clinical feasibility of depicting atrial septal defects. In volunteers, the spin-labeled cineangiographic method depicted intracardiac blood flow patterns and demarcated the intact atrial septum. Peak target to adjacent atrial chamber contrast-to-noise ratios of 84 and 94 were obtained 758 and 689 ms postlabeling; 50% of peak contrast-to-noise ratio was maintained for 803 and 599 ms in the left atrium and right atrium, respectively. In all patients with an atrial septal defect, the spin-labeled cineangiographic method demonstrated left-to-right flow and maintained good morphological assessment of surrounding cardiac structures. Right-to-left flow was seen in three patients. In conclusion, the spin-labeled cineangiographic method displayed favorable signal properties in volunteers and demonstrated shunting in patients with atrial septal defects. The technique is expected to be a viable alternative to the few techniques available for visualizing blood flow in the heart.
Interactive stable ray tracing (2017)

Interactive ray tracing applications running on commodity hardware can suffer from objectionable temporal artifacts due to a low sample count. We introduce stable ray tracing, a technique that improves temporal stability without the over-blurring and ghosting artifacts typical of temporal post-processing filters. Our technique is based on sample reprojection and explicit hole filling, rather than relying on hole-filling heuristics that can compromise image quality. We make reprojection practical in an interactive ray tracing context through the use of a super-resolution bitmask to estimate screen space sample density. We show significantly improved temporal stability as compared with supersampling and an existing reprojection techniques. We also investigate the performance and image quality differences between our technique and temporal antialiasing, which typically incurs a significant amount of blur. Finally, we demonstrate the benefits of stable ray tracing by combining it with progressive path tracing of indirect illumination.
129. Adenovirus Serotype 35 Vector-Mediated Transduction in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cells Isolated from Human CD46-Transgenic Mice (2006)

Because of their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation into all types of mature blood cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are highly attractive, not only as targets of gene therapy but also as cell sources for regeneration medicine. Hence, efficient transduction into HSCs holds promise for treating a number of diseases that result from abnormal blood cell function, and it would provide a powerful approach for understanding their basic biology and for manipulating their properties in vitro and in vivo. Numerous studies of transduction into HSCs have been performed using various types of gene transfer vectors. Retrovirus vectors and lentivirus vectors are often used for transduction into HSCs when stable transgene expression is desirable. In contrast, adenovirus (Ad) vectors are highly suitable when persistent gene expression followed by integrating viral vector-mediated gene transfer is not appropriate, for example, in ex vivo manipulation of HSCs and functional analysis of genes of interest in HSCs. We previously developed a novel type of Ad vector, composed of whole Ad serotype 35 (Ad35) belonging to subgroup B, and demonstrated that Ad35 vectors gave efficient gene transfer into human bone marrow CD34+ cells (Gene Ther. 2003, 10, 1041–1048; Gene Ther. 2005, 12, 1424–1433). However, rates of Ad35 vector-mediated transduction into mouse HSCs are relatively low because a receptor for Ad35, CD46, is not expressed in mouse HSCs. Because the cell fraction containing mouse HSCs is well characterized and the biology of the mouse HSC has been studied extensively in mouse models, efficient transduction with Ad vectors into mouse HSCs would be useful. Here, we performed Ad35 vector-mediated transduction into mouse HSCs isolated from human CD46-transgenic (CD46TG) mice, which express human CD46 in a pattern similar to that in humans. First, bone-marrow- derived C-kit(+)Lineage(–) (KL) cells were recovered from wild- type mice and homozygous CD46TG mice as mouse HSCs, and human CD46 expression in KL cells was examined. More than 80% of KL cells from CD46TG mice expressed human CD46. Ad35 vector-mediated transduction demonstrated that KL cells from wild- type mice were refractory to Ad35 vectors; in contrast, KL cells from CD46TG mice showed high levels of transgene expression. The human elongation factor 1α promoter (EF1α promoter) worked most efficiently of all the promoters examined in KL cells. In addition, colony-forming assay revealed that Ad35 vector-mediated transgene- expressing KL cells from CD46TG mice differentiated into progenitor cells of all lineages. These results suggest that this model using Ad35 vector and KL cells from CD46TG mice would be a powerful tool for the study of gene function in mouse HSCs.
Impact of Gas Bubbles Generated During Interstitial Ablation on Elastographic Depiction of In Vitro Thermal Lesions (2004)

Elastograms of thermal lesions in vitro can be obtained during radio frequency ablation. Some loss of thermal lesion boundary information on strain images was observed in regions where attenuation due to gas bubbles reduced the signal-noise ratio of the echo signals.
Velocity Control of a Cylindrical Rolling Robot by Surface-Morphing (2015)

A mathematical model is developed for a rolling robot with a cylindrically-shaped, elliptical outer surface that has the ability to alter its shape as it rolls, resulting in a torque imbalance that accelerates or decelerates the robot. A control scheme is implemented, whereby angular position and angular velocity are used as feedback to trigger and define morphing actuation. The goal of the control is to direct the robot to follow a given angular velocity profile. Equations of motion for the rolling robot are formulated and solved numerically. Results show that by automatically morphing its shape in a periodic fashion, the rolling robot is able to start from rest, achieve constant average velocity and slow itself in order to follow a desired velocity profile with significant accuracy.
Enhancing the error correction of finite alphabet iterative decoders via adaptive decimation (2012)

Finite alphabet iterative decoders (FAIDs) for LDPC codes were recently shown to be capable of surpassing the Belief Propagation (BP) decoder in the error floor region on the Binary Symmetric channel (BSC). More recently, the technique of decimation which involves fixing the values of certain bits during decoding, was proposed for FAIDs in order to make them more amenable to analysis while maintaining their good performance. In this paper, we show how decimation can be used adaptively to further enhance the guaranteed error correction capability of FAIDs that are already good on a given code. The new adaptive decimation scheme proposed has marginally added complexity but can significantly improve the slope of the error floor performance of a particular FAID. We describe the adaptive decimation scheme particularly for 7-level FAIDs which propagate only 3-bit messages and provide numerical results for column-weight three codes. Analysis suggests that the failures of the new decoders are linked to stopping sets of the code.
Charge Stabilization of Superparamagnetic Colloids for High‐Performance Responsive Photonic Structures (2012)

By securing charged polymer ligands on the surface of superparamagnetic colloids with a layer of porous silica, a strong electrostatic interparticle repulsion with long-term stability can be established to balance the magnetically induced attraction and create 1D periodic chains that show magnetically responsive diffraction in the visible spectrum.
NI-55 * PARAMETRIC MAPS OF CONTRAST AGENT DIFFUSION USING A NOVEL DIFFUSION-PERFUSION MODEL APPLIED TO DCE-MRI CAN DIFFERENTIATE NON-ENHANCING TUMOR FROM EDEMA IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA (2014)

INTRODUCTION: We propose a new method for estimating the diffusion of contrast agent in the perfusion scan, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI. We term the new parameteres “effective diffusion coefficients (Deff)”, due to the possibility of simultaneous diffusion and bulk flow in the brain. METHODS: Twenty-six glioblastoma patients were scanned after informed consent. All scans were acquired at the time of declared progression of the tumor. MRI was performed with a 3T Siemens scanner (Erlangen, Germany). A total of 130 images were acquired with five-second time resolution. The bolus of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Gd-DTPA, gadopenetic acid, Magnevist) was injected after 10-13 images. Diffusion was estimated via a perfusion-diffusion combination model. RESULTS: To establish whether the diffusion estimates provide new information or can simply be explained by perfusion, we first assess the correlation between diffusion and the traditional DCE parameter from the Tofts model, Ktrans. Within enhancing tumor lesions, where Ktrans is typically used to assess neovascularization, the average correlation is 0.28 ± 0.07 (mean ± standard error), which shows that diffusion estimates depend little on perfusion. We then compare interpatient variability of the same two parameters in normal appearing white matter, with Deff having mean to standard deviation ratio, a form of signal to noise ratio, of 1.55, while the same metric for Ktrans was 0.87. The mean of Deff in NAWM is 3.8x10−4 mm2/s and in tumor is 6.39x10−3 mm2/s. Finally, we determine thresholds that best separate tumor voxels from non-tumor voxels and assess classification accuracy over five trials with sensitivity/specificity of Deff being 91.6/75.3 and for Ktrans, 75.2/74.9, with sensitivity being significanly higher with Deff (p = 3.2x10−9). DISCUSSION: Our preliminary results suggest that Deff provides new information about glioblastomas not achievable by the Tofts model, has greater robustness across patients than Ktrans, and is more sensitive to tumors.
Coordination Chemistry of Bifunctional Chemical Agents Designed for Applications in <sup>64</sup>Cu PET Imaging for Alzheimer’s Disease (2017)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is emerging as one of the most important diagnostic tools for brain imaging, yet the most commonly used radioisotopes in PET imaging, <sup>11</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>F, have short half-lives, and their usage is thus somewhat limited. By comparison, the <sup>64</sup>Cu radionuclide has a half-life of 12.7 h, which is ideal for administering and imaging purposes. In spite of appreciable research efforts, high-affinity copper chelators suitable for brain imaging applications are still lacking. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of a series of bifunctional compounds (BFCs) based on macrocyclic 1,4,7-triazacyclononane and 2,11-diaza[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane ligand frameworks that exhibit a high affinity for Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions. In addition, these BFCs contain a 2-phenylbenzothiazole fragment that is known to interact tightly with amyloid β fibrillar aggregates. Determination of the protonation constants (pK<sub>a</sub> values) and stability constants (log β values) of these BFCs, as well as characterization of the isolated copper complexes using X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electrochemical studies, suggests that these BFCs exhibit desirable properties for the development of novel <sup>64</sup>Cu PET imaging agents for Alzheimer's disease.
Photonic Crystal Lasers (2007)

We compare photonic crystal lasers with other microcavities for future switching and spectroscopy systems. High speed and efficiency along with massive lithographic integration makes these lasers particularly interesting for optical switching and signal processing.
Investigation of the Relationship between Lactococcal Host Cell Wall Polysaccharide Genotype and 936 Phage Receptor Binding Protein Phylogeny (2013)

Comparative genomics of 11 lactococcal 936-type phages combined with host range analysis allowed subgrouping of these phage genomes, particularly with respect to their encoded receptor binding proteins. The so-called pellicle or cell wall polysaccharide of Lactococcus lactis, which has been implicated as a host receptor of (certain) 936-type phages, is specified by a large gene cluster, which, among different lactococcal strains, contains highly conserved regions as well as regions of diversity. The regions of diversity within this cluster on the genomes of lactococcal strains MG1363, SK11, IL1403, KF147, CV56, and UC509.9 were used for the development of a multiplex PCR system to identify the pellicle genotype of lactococcal strains used in this study. The resulting comparative analysis revealed an apparent correlation between the pellicle genotype of a given host strain and the host range of tested 936-type phages. Such a correlation would allow prediction of the intrinsic 936-type phage sensitivity of a particular lactococcal strain and substantiates the notion that the lactococcal pellicle polysaccharide represents the receptor for (certain) 936-type phages while also partially explaining the molecular reasons behind the observed narrow host range of such phages.
The Linear Accelerator Fuel Enricher Regenerator (LAFER) and Fission Product Transmutor (APEX) (1979)

Two major problems face the nuclear industry today; first is the long-term supply of fissile material and second is the disposal of long-lived fission product waste. The high energy proton linear accelerator can assist in the solution of each of these problems. High energy protons from the linear accelerator can interact with a molten lead target to produce spallation and evaporation neutrons. The neutrons can be absorbed in surrounding light water power reactor (LWR) fuel elements to produce fissile Pu-239 or U-233 fuel from fertile U-238 or Th-232 in-situ. A schematic of the target assembly for enriching PWR fuel elements is shown in Figure 1. The enriched fuel element is used in the LWR power reactor until reactivity is lost after which the element is regenerated in the linear accelerator target blanket assembly and then the element is once again fissioned in the power LWR. In this manner the natural uranium fuel resource can supply an expanded nuclear power reactor economy without the need for fuel reprocessing, which satisfies the administration's policy of non-proliferation. Furthermore, the amount of spent fuel elements for long-term disposal is reduced in proportion to the number of fuel regeneration cycles. The limiting factor is the burnup damage to the fuel cladding. A 300 ma-1.5 GeV (450 MW) proton linear accelerator can produce approximately one ton of fissile (Pu-239) material annually which is enough to supply fuel to three 1000 MW(e) LWR power reactors.
Automatic Workload Management for Enterprise Data Warehouses. (2008)

Modern enterprise data warehouses have complex workloads that are notoriously difficult to manage. Additionally, RDBMSs have many “knobs” for managing workloads efficiently. These knobs affect the performance of query workloads in complex interrelated ways and require expert manual attention to change. It often takes a long time for a performance expert to get enough experience with a large warehouse to be able to set the knobs optimally. Typically the warehouse and its workload change significantly within that time. This makes the task of manually optimizing the knob settings on a warehouse an impossible one. In this context, our goal is to create self managing Enterprise Data Warehouses. In this paper we describe some recent advances in building an automatic workload management system. We test this system against real workloads against real enterprise data warehouses.
Evolving wire antennas using genetic algorithms: a review (2003)

Communication, radar and remote sensing systems employ thousands of different types of wire antennas, and there is an increasing need for high-performance, customized antennas. Current methods of designing and optimizing them by hand using simulation or analysis are time- and labor-intensive, limit complexity, increase the cost and time expended, and require that antenna engineers have significant knowledge of the universe of antenna designs. Local optimization methods are not much better, since an initial guess that is close to the final design must be provided. Using a genetic algorithm (GA), it is possible to prescribe the desired performance of an antenna and allow the computer to find the parameters for the design. The GA does not require an initial guess, and the amount of design information the engineer must supply can be very minimal. This paper presents a review of a few wire antennas from previous publications designed by GA unconventional purposes. This approach has potential to revolutionize antenna design.
Shear-Induced One-Dimensional Alignment of Alumina and Silica Nanoparticles in Coatings (2009)

One-dimensional (1-D) strings of alumina and silica nanoparticles, formed in an extended pearl-necklace fashion were observed near the surface of cured polyurethane films. The nanoparticles have been shown to arrange in perfectly straight lines in the direction of shear. As shear increases, the abundance and length of the arrangements increases. The mechanism of alignment is hypothesized to be a combination of shear-induced patterning and oriented attachment. The alignments have been imaged with atomic force microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis has confirmed the presence of colloidal nanoparticles in arrangements of smaller particles, while similar arrangements of larger particles that can be seen with an optical microscope have been shown to contain mostly silicon element, presumably a phase-separated polysiloxane containing additive present in all formulations. These findings help advance the knowledge on preparing 1-D aligned particles through template-free approaches.
A New Optical-Based Device for Online Black Powder Detection in Gas Pipelines (2014)

In this paper, an optical-based device for online black powder detection in gas pipelines is proposed. The device uses different optical wavelengths within the infrared (IR) range and applies chemometric algorithms to quantify the actual amount of black powder. Hence, three methods based on near-infrared (NIR), mid-infrared (MIR), and Raman spectroscopy are used to acquire various spectra. The principal component regression (PCR) and the partial least square regression (PLSR) algorithms are then applied to assess the capability of each of the three methods when black powder is subject to different environmental conditions that may occur in real-life fields. The experimental results indicated that the mean squared error of prediction for the PLSR is 0.0008731, 0.0001983, and 5.04e-5 for NIR, MIR, and Raman, respectively, while for the PCR it is 0.0009065, 0.0002068, and 5.099e-5. Also, the coefficient of determination (R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) for the PLSR was 0.9744, 0.9753, and 0.998199 for NIR, MIR, and Raman, respectively, while for the PCR it was 0.9743, 0.9744, and 0.998165. In addition, both PCR and PLSR completed the analysis very fast (in tens or hundreds of microseconds), however, PLSR accomplished the prediction analysis faster than PCR which serves as an advantage for online monitoring especially when multiprobes are used for the monitoring. Hence, while both PLSR and PCR perform equally well, the PLSR is even more robust since it can compensate for systematic and human errors more than PCR. The predictions from all three techniques (NIR, MIR, and Raman spectroscopy) were similarly good and no specific technique was superior to the others.
CONTEST: a concurrent test generator for sequential circuits (1988)

The application of a concurrent fault simulator to automatic test vector generation is described. As faults are simulated in the fault simulator, a cost function is simultaneously computed. A simple cost function is the distance (in terms of the number of gates and flip-flops) of a fault effect from a primary output. The input vector is then modified to reduce the cost function until a test is found. The authors present experimental results showing the effectiveness of this method in generating tests for combinational and sequential circuits. By defining suitable cost functions, they have been able to generate: (1) initialization sequences, (2) tests for a group of faults, and (3) a test for a given fault. Even asynchronous sequential circuits can be handled by this approach. >
All-optical set and reset of semiconductor-optical-amplifier-based flip-flop (1999)

The bistable behavior of optical signals propagating through resonant-type semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) has been used to demonstrate a wide variety applications to optical communication system.
Quantum Cascade Lasers: New Light Sources for the Mid-to-Far-Infrared (1996)

Quantum cascade lasers are new unipolar light sources based on electron resonant tunneling and optical transitions between quantized conduction band states. Quantum engineering of the electronic energy levels, wavefunctions, matrix elements and scattering rates is used to design population inversion and optimize laser gain and overall performance. Their wavelength can be selected over a broad range of the infrared spectrum using the same heterostructure material by tailoring the active layer thickness. High power room temperature operation at 5 and 8.5 ?m has been achieved. These are the first semiconductor lasers to operate at 300 K and above in this wavelength region.