gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reachable Set Computation and Safety Verification for Neural Networks with ReLU Activations (2017)

Neural networks have been widely used to solve complex real-world problems. Due to the complicate, nonlinear, non-convex nature of neural networks, formal safety guarantees for the output behaviors of neural networks will be crucial for their applications in safety-critical systems.In this paper, the output reachable set computation and safety verification problems for a class of neural networks consisting of Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation functions are addressed. A layer-by-layer approach is developed to compute output reachable set. The computation is formulated in the form of a set of manipulations for a union of polyhedra, which can be efficiently applied with the aid of polyhedron computation tools. Based on the output reachable set computation results, the safety verification for a ReLU neural network can be performed by checking the intersections of unsafe regions and output reachable set described by a union of polyhedra. A numerical example of a randomly generated ReLU neural network is provided to show the effectiveness of the approach developed in this paper.
Comparison of Orthogonal-and Parallel-Flux Variable Inductors (1974)

Analytical methods for the study of orthogonal-flux systems and parallel-flux systems are presented. The analyses are applied to study and compare orthogonal-flux and parallel-flux controllable inductors. It is found that the two systems have a great qualitative similarity but differ in the magnitudes of similar effects. This paper lays the ground work to be used in the study of parametric power converters or parametric voltage regulators to be presented in subsequent papers.
Rehabilitation of Unilateral Neglect: Improving Function by Contralesional Limb Activation (1998)

Abstract Unilateral neglect predicts poor motor recovery following right hemisphere stroke. Contralesional limb activation has previously been shown to reduce neglect of the left side of space (Robertson & North, 1992), and it is proposed that this happens in part due to overcoming inhibition from competitor perceptuomotor circuits in the undamaged lefthemisphere. Application of this principle to clinical rehabilitation results in improvements in neglect and in everyday function (Robertson, North, & Geggie, 1992). The present study extends and replicates this finding with a case of severe unilateral neglect, whose statistically significant improvement in measured neglect is confined to near peripersonal space, and not to personal space nor far peripersonal space. The theoretical implications of this finding for understanding recovery from unilateral neglect are discussed.
Theranostic barcoded nanoparticles for personalized cancer medicine (2016)

Personalized medicine promises to revolutionize cancer therapy by matching the most effective treatment to the individual patient. Using a nanoparticle-based system, we predict the therapeutic potency of anticancer medicines in a personalized manner. We carry out the diagnostic stage through a multidrug screen performed inside the tumour, extracting drug activity information with single cell sensitivity. By using 100 nm liposomes, loaded with various cancer drugs and corresponding synthetic DNA barcodes, we find a correlation between the cell viability and the drug it was exposed to, according to the matching barcodes. Based on this screen, we devise a treatment protocol for mice bearing triple-negative breast-cancer tumours, and its results confirm the diagnostic prediction. We show that the use of nanotechnology in cancer care is effective for generating personalized treatment protocols.
Supramolecular orientation of conjugated porphyrin oligomers in stretched polymers (1994)

Conjugated porphyrin oligomers show strong optical dichroism when oriented in a stretched polymer matrix. It is shown that the zinc porphyrin polymer (∼10 repeat units) aligns, as expected, with its backbone in the stretch direction, whereas the dimer orients with its molecular plane perpendicular to the stretch. This anomalous behavior is explained as being due to the formation of supramolecular stacks that orient as single units.
Spontaneous retinal venous pulsation: aetiology and significance (2002)

Spontaneous retinal venous pulsation is seen as a subtle variation in the calibre of the retinal vein(s) as they cross the optic disc. The physical principles behind the venous pulsations has been the point of much debate. Initial theories suggested that the pulsation occurred because of the rise in intraocular pressure in the eye with the pulse pressure. This article presents an argument that this is not the case. The pulsations are in fact caused by variation in the pressure gradient along the retinal vein as it traverses the lamina cribrosa. The pressure gradient varies because of the difference in the pulse pressure between the intraocular space and the cerebrospinal fluid. The importance of this is that as the intracranial pressure rises the intracranial pulse pressure rises to equal the intraocular pulse pressure and the spontaneous venous pulsations cease. Thus it is shown that cessation of the spontaneous venous pulsation is a sensitive marker of raised intracranial pressure. The article discusses the specificity of the absence of spontaneous venous pulsation and describes how the patient should be examined to best elicit this important sign.
Microvascular oxygen quantification using two-photon microscopy (2008)

An instrument is demonstrated that is capable of three-dimensional (3D) vasculature imaging and pO(2) quantification with high spatial resolution. The instrument combines two-photon (2P) microscopy with phosphorescence quenching to measure pO(2). The instrument was demonstrated by performing depth-resolved microvascular pO(2) measurements of rat cortical vessels down to 120 microm below the surface. 2P excitation of porphyrin was confirmed, and measured pO(2) values were consistent with previously published data for normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. The ability to perform 3D pO(2) measurements using optical techniques will allow researchers to overcome existing limitations imposed by polarographic electrodes, magnetic resonance techniques, and surface-only pO(2) measurement techniques.
STRATEGIES FOR LOWERING BARRIERS FOR NANO-TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION: THEORY AND RESULTS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN EUROPE (2013)

This paper analyses the nanotechnology industry with respect to the application of open innovation. By analyzing different open innovation practices first in a theoretical discussion, we identified the broadcast search mechanism as the open innovation method with a great potential to overcome the commercialization barrier in nanotechnology. First, broadcast search aims at a better directed, target oriented research and second, it helps to improve matching between supply and demand of research. The characteristics of nanotechnology as a platform industry make matching a very crucial element of improving commercialization efficiency. Based on these theoretical results, we conducted a more detailed industry analysis of nanotechnology. In a large scale quantitative survey, we addressed success factors and barriers to commercialization, including a detailed assessment of open innovation. Our survey on nanotechnology firms shows further that external cooperation is already a central element in some firms research strategy, however, organized absorption and in particular dissemination of knowledge is still neglected. Additionally, we see that higher readiness levels (with respect to technology, organization, manufacturing and investment) are positively associated with open innovation and that large firms in nanotechnology are more open towards external cooperation. There are no significant differences across European countries or branches.
Cover Picture: Localized Functionalization of Single Nanopores (Adv. Mater. 4/2006) (2006)

Abstract Single nanopores can be fabricated using a combination of focused‐ion‐beam drilling and local ion‐beam‐assisted oxide deposition. On p. 427, Letant and co‐workers show how a silicon oxide ring can be grown around a single nanopore and how it can be functionalized with single‐stranded DNA using thiol‐terminated linkers. Current–voltage measurements demonstrate the presence of DNA on the pore wall and the open nature of the pore. Future applications include specific detection of whole organisms, ranging in size from bacteria to viruses.
Specific MALDI-MSI: TAG-MASS (2010)

MALDI imaging as a molecular mass spectrometry imaging technique (MSI) can provide accurate information about molecular composition on a surface. The last decade of MSI development has brought the technology to clinical and biomedical applications as a complementary technique of MRI and other molecular imaging. Then, this IMS technique is used for endogenous and exogenous molecule detection in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. However, some limitations still exist due to physical and chemical aspects, and sensitivity of certain compounds is very low. Thus, we developed a multiplex technique for fast detection of different compound natures. The multiplex MALDI imaging technique uses a photocleavable group that can be detect easily by MALDI instrument. These techniques of targeted imaging using Tag-Mass molecules allow the multiplex detection of compounds like antibodies or oligonucleotides. Here, we describe how we used this technique to detect huge proteins and mRNA by MALDI imaging in rat brain and in a model for regeneration; the leech.
AMIDS: A multi-sensor energy theft detection framework for advanced metering infrastructures (2012)

The advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is a crucial component of the smart grid, replacing traditional analog devices with computerized smart meters. Smart meters have not only allowed for efficient management of many end-users, but also have made AMI an attractive target for remote exploits and local physical tampering with the end goal of stealing energy. While smart meters posses multiple sensors and data sources that can indicate energy theft, in practice, the individual methods exhibit many false positives. In this paper, we present AMIDS, an AMI intrusion detection system that uses information fusion to combine the sensors and consumption data from a smart meter to more accurately detect energy theft. AMIDS combines meter audit logs of physical and cyber events with consumption data to more accurately model and detect theft-related behavior. Our experimental results on normal and anomalous load profiles show that AMIDS can identify energy theft efforts with high accuracy. Furthermore, AMIDS correctly identified legitimate load profile changes that more elementary analyses classified as malicious.
<i>Clinical Cancer Research</i>: The Next Decade (2005)

Ten years ago, Dr. John Mendelsohn and a talented editorial board set out to develop for AACR a journal that would offer a bridge between the important work being done in the laboratory and the pressing need of oncologists for up-to-the-minute information. By all measures of excellence, Clinical Cancer Research has succeeded beyond the original expectations of all involved. The journal has published many high-quality articles, and its impact factor puts it in the top tier of oncology journals. It has been my privilege to serve as Co-Deputy Editor with Dr. Waun Ki Hong.I now take on a new role for this important and prestigious journal. The thought of receiving the baton from the distinguished physician/scientists who brought the journal to this point is humbling, indeed. As the new Editor-in-Chief, I have assembled a group of notable Deputy Editors and Senior Editors and together we have defined a set of operating principles for Clinical Cancer Research:“CCR is responsible to its readers, contributors, and parent organization for the timely publication of information that will have major impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.If we remain true to these principles, our journal will continuously improve and make important contributions to the eradication of cancer.”At a recent editorial retreat of the Clinical Cancer Research editors, we unanimously approved two significant changes: You will also notice a change in the format of the Table of Contents. It has been redesigned to help readers quickly identify articles within their areas of interest. Major headings now include Cancer Prevention; Cancer Therapy; Imaging, Diagnosis, and Prognosis; and Human Cancer Biology. We also plan to introduce icons denoting pathways, modalities, or organ sites. We look forward to publishing your opinions expressed in Letters to the Editor or Brief Editorials on pressing topics.lThe Editors have instituted a formal nominating process for our editorial board to continuously refresh our reviewers and editorial content. We will continue to seek opportunities to publish supplements that address major topics in clinical/translational research. All supplements go through the same review process as submitted manuscripts.I thank the Publications Committee and the Board of Directors of the AACR for giving me this extraordinary opportunity. I look forward to your contributions and to hearing your opinions.
Essays in Transportation Economics and Policy: A Handbook in Honor of John R. Meyer (1999)

This survey of transportation economic policy pays homage to Techniques of Transportation Planning by John R. Meyer. It covers the basic analytic methods used in transportation economics and policy analysis, focuses on the automobile, and covers key urban public transportation issues.
Post-polymerization modification reactions of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s (2017)

Single and multiple post-polymerization modifications of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) scaffold through the nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of the pendent epoxide groups are described.
Molecular defects of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex: Maple syrup urine disease due to mutations of the E1α or E1β subunit gene (1996)

Leucine, isoleucine, and valine, the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), are essential components of the human diet. Following uptake by the cell, BCAAs are either incorporated into proteins or are catabolized for energy (Danner and Elsas II, 1989). The BCAA are catabolized through analogous mechanisms for the first three steps: transamination, oxidative decarboxylation of the branched-chain α-keto acid (BCKA), and dehydrogenation of the resulting branched-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to enoyl CoA (Tanaka and Rosenberg, 1983). The oxidative decarboxylation of the BCKAs is performed by the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDH), a constituent of all mammalian tissues which is associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane.
MT multifiber connectors and new applications (2002)

By using a miniature multifiber connector, the MT connector, which include a precise multifiber array and a passive alignment mechanism formed by two guide holes and pins, a passive alignment accuracy of 2 /spl mu/m was obtained for 95% fibers. The passive alignment between a multimode 12-fiber ribbon terminated with MT connector and a VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) array of 10 /spl mu/m active diameter exhibited over 90% of coupling efficiency for the wide coupling range of 10 /spl mu/m lateral offset and 100 /spl mu/m separation. For fiberribbon to fiberribbon connection, MT push-on connector exhibited low connection loss of 0.327 dB in average and 0.67 dB in maximum for 600 fiber connections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nuclear factor IA is expressed in astrocytomas and is associated with improved survival (2010)

Nuclear factor IA (NFIA) is a transcription factor that specifies glial cell identity and promotes astrocyte differentiation during embryonic development. Its expression and function in gliomas are not known. Here, we examined NFIA protein expression in gliomas and its association with clinical outcome in pediatric malignant astrocytomas. We analyzed expression of NFIA by immunohistochemistry in 88 existing glioma specimens from Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California. Association between NFIA expression and progression-free survival (PFS) was examined in high-grade astrocytomas for which clinical data were available (n = 23, all children). NFIA was highly expressed in astrocytomas of all grades, but only in a minority of cells in oligodendroglial tumors. NFIA was expressed on a higher percentage of tumor cells in low-grade astrocytomas (91 +/- 5% and 77 +/- 14% in World Health Organization [WHO] I and II, respectively) compared with high-grade astrocytomas (48 +/- 18% and 37 +/- 16% in WHO III and IV, respectively; P < .001, low- vs high-grade astrocytomas). There was a significant association between NFIA expression and PFS in children with astrocytoma WHO grade III or IV (Cox regression P = .019; logrank trend test for NFIA tertiles P = .0040 and NFIA quartiles P = .014). The association was not consistently significant in this small series of patients after adjustment was made for WHO grade III or IV. This is the first study to demonstrate expression of NFIA protein in astrocytomas and its association with grades of astrocytoma and PFS, suggesting that NFIA may play a role in astrocytoma biology.
[The analysis of the present situations of smoking habits in the Hui minority primary school students in the backward region of Ningxia]. (2009)

The rates of possible smokers among the Hui minority primary school students in the backward region of Ningxia Province were more higher. And it has a close relationship with their living environment.
Isoprenylated Flavonoids from the Stem Bark of <i>Erythrina </i><i>abyssinica</i> (2007)

Three new prenylated flavanones, abyssinoflavanones V, VI, and VII (1-3), together with eight known flavanones (4-11) and two chalcones (12-13), were isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and physicochemical analyses. All the isolates, with the exception of 1 and 8, strongly inhibited PTP1B activity in an in vitro assay with IC50 values ranging from 14.2 +/- 1.7 to 26.7 +/- 1.2 microM.
SimLex-999: Evaluating Semantic Models With (Genuine) Similarity Estimation (2015)

We present SimLex-999, a gold standard resource for evaluating distributional semantic models that improves on existing resources in several important ways. First, in contrast to gold standards such as WordSim-353 and MEN, it explicitly quantifies similarity rather than association or relatedness so that pairs of entities that are associated but not actually similar (Freud, psychology) have a low rating. We show that, via this focus on similarity, SimLex-999 incentivizes the development of models with a different, and arguably wider, range of applications than those which reflect conceptual association. Second, SimLex-999 contains a range of concrete and abstract adjective, noun, and verb pairs, together with an independent rating of concreteness and (free) association strength for each pair. This diversity enables fine-grained analyses of the performance of models on concepts of different types, and consequently greater insight into how architectures can be improved. Further, unlike existing gold standard evaluations, for which automatic approaches have reached or surpassed the inter-annotator agreement ceiling, state-of-the-art models perform well below this ceiling on SimLex-999. There is therefore plenty of scope for SimLex-999 to quantify future improvements to distributional semantic models, guiding the development of the next generation of representation-learning architectures.
New therapeutic targets for the development of positive inotropic agents. (2011)

Heart failure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in therapies developed for it. Because impaired cardiac contractility plays a central role in systolic HF, drugs increasing cardiac contractility (positive inotropics) have been widely used for HF treatment. Conventional inotropics that increase cAMP and intracellular Ca2+ levels improve symptoms and hemodynamics, but also increase myocardial oxygen demands, cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality, which decreases their overall therapeutic benefit-risk ratio in HF. Thus, we need new inotropic agents with different mechanisms of action that improve clinical outcomes. This review describes the mechanism of action and preliminary clinical results obtained with these new investigational positive inotropic agents.
Proposal of a method to support testing for Java programs with UML (2005)

There is an increasing need for effective testing of software for complex safety-critical applications. This paper proposes a supporting method of testing for Java programs by using Unified Modeling Language (UML) in order to improve the reliability of them. The correspondences of source codes in Java and elements of a class diagram, a sequence diagram, and a statechart diagram have been extracted. By using the extracted correspondences as test items in testing, it becomes possible to test effectively the specification of software, the structure of Java programs, the flows of processing of a system, and the flow of transition between states. Moreover, in order to confirm the validity of the proposed method, a prototype tool to support testing for Java programs is implemented. The inputs of this prototype are three diagrams, and the outputs are test items generated from the extracted correspondences. As an example, a source code of blackjack game in Java has been tested by using the test items outputted from the prototype. It has been possible to test 67.2% of the number of lines in the whole source code.
Confidentiality-Preserving Publish/Subscribe (2016)

Publish/subscribe (pub/sub) is an attractive communication paradigm for large-scale distributed applications running across multiple administrative domains. Pub/sub allows event-based information dissemination based on constraints on the nature of the data rather than on pre-established communication channels. It is a natural fit for deployment in untrusted environments such as public clouds linking applications across multiple sites. However, pub/sub in untrusted environments leads to major confidentiality concerns stemming from the content-centric nature of the communications. This survey classifies and analyzes different approaches to confidentiality preservation for pub/sub, from applications of trust and access control models to novel encryption techniques. It provides an overview of the current challenges posed by confidentiality concerns and points to future research directions in this promising field.