gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic properties of Co-Ni spinel ferrite fine particles with high coercivity prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method (2002)

We investigated the effect of NiO substitution on the magnetic and physical properties of Co ferrite prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method without postannealing. The chemical coprecipitation compositions were chosen according to the formula (CoO)/sub 1-x/(NiO)/sub x//spl middot/n/2(Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/), where x varied between 0 and 1.0 and n between 1.0 and 3.0. We found that the single-phase Co-Ni spinel ferrite fine particles could be prepared by the chemical coprecipitation method without postannealing. Optimum magnetic properties were achieved with materials of composition (CoO)/sub 0.5/(NiO)/sub 0.5//spl middot/1.125(Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/). The typical magnetic and physical properties are saturation magnetization /spl sigma//sub s/ = 56.3 /spl times/ 10/sup -6/ Wb /spl middot/ m/kg (44.8 emu/g), coercivity H/sub cJ/ = 506.9 kA/m (6.37 kOe), Curie temperature T/sub c/ = 557.3/spl deg/C, the lattice constant a = 0.8384 nm, and the average particle size = 30 nm. The rotational hysteresis integral Rh, which is related to the magnetization mechanism of these fine particles, is 1.57. We found that the magnetization mechanism is an incoherent rotation one.
High-Performance Chirped Electrode Design for Cat's Eye Retro-Reflector Modulators (2006)

Modulating retro-reflector (MRR) systems typically use large area surface-normal modulators with large lateral current flow. Frequency response is limited by the resistance capacitance time constant. In cat's eye MRRs, only a small percentage of the modulator area is illuminated at a time. Uniform resistance to each part of the modulator is desired to decrease location dependence of frequency response. A novel "chirped" grid electrode was designed to balance semiconductor sheet resistance and metal line resistance components of the series resistance. Measured rise/fall times across the device showed good uniformity
Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the linear DNA killer plasmids from yeast (1984)

The linear DNA killer plasmids (pGKL1 and pGKL2) isolated from a Kluyveromyces lactis killer strain are also maintained and expressed its killer character in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After these killer plasmid DNAs isolated from S. cerevisiae were treated with alkali, four terminal fragments from each plasmid DNAs were cloned separately. Using these and other cloned DNA fragments, the terminal nucleotide sequences of pGKL2 and the complete nucleotide sequence of pGKL1 were determined. The inverted terminal repetitions of 202 bp and 182 bp were found in pGKL1 and pGKL2, respectively. The pGKL1 sequence showed an extremely high A + T content of 73.2% and it contained five large open reading frames. The largest of these open reading frame was suggested to code for a membrane-bound precursor of glycoprotein subunit of the killer toxin.
A Theoretical Analysis of Oxygen Transport: A New Strategy for the Design of Hemoglobin-Based Red Cell Substitutes (1995)

In vitro experiments and experiments with artificial capillary systems suggest that transfer of oxygen from cell-free carriers to tissue sites may be faster than it is from red blood cells. On first consideration, this appears to be advantageous, but new data obtained by direct measurements in the microcirculation indicate that facilitated release may actually lead to an autoregulatory decrease in capillary perfusion. This leads to the conclusion that the well-known hemoglobin-oxygen equilibrium curve may not be adequate by itself to describe oxygen delivery by cell-free hemoglobin-based red cell substitutes to achieve optimal tissue oxygenation.
Establishing a synthetic pathway for high-level production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via β-alanine (2014)

Microbial fermentation of renewable feedstocks into plastic monomers can decrease our fossil dependence and reduce global CO2 emissions. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is a potential chemical building block for sustainable production of superabsorbent polymers and acrylic plastics. With the objective of developing Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an efficient cell factory for high-level production of 3HP, we identified the β-alanine biosynthetic route as the most economically attractive according to the metabolic modeling. We engineered and optimized a synthetic pathway for de novo biosynthesis of β-alanine and its subsequent conversion into 3HP using a novel β-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferase discovered in Bacillus cereus. The final strain produced 3HP at a titer of 13.7±0.3gL(-1) with a 0.14±0.0C-molC-mol(-1) yield on glucose in 80h in controlled fed-batch fermentation in mineral medium at pH 5, and this work therefore lays the basis for developing a process for biological 3HP production.
Aberrant Expression and Potency as a Cancer Immunotherapy Target of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Family, Livin/ML-IAP in Lung Cancer (2005)

CD8(+) CTLs have an essential role in immune response against tumor. Although an increasing number of tumor-associated antigens that can be recognized by CTLs have been identified from human tumors, a limited number of tumor-associated antigens is known in lung cancer. In addition, because some of them are expressed in noncancerous tissues, there exist limitations in their application to tumor immunotherapy. Livin/ML-IAP is one of recently identified inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, which is overexpressed in melanoma cells. In this report, we show that Livin/ML-IAP is aberrantly expressed in many lung cancer cell lines and primary lung cancer tissues, whereas it is not detectable in normal tissues, including lung by reverse transcription-PCR methods. To identify HLA-A24-restricted T-cell epitopes of Livin/ML-IAP, eight peptides were selected from the amino acid sequence of this protein and screened for their binding affinity to HLA-A24. It was revealed that Livin7 peptide (amino acid sequence, KWFPSCQFLL) had the highest affinity to HLA-A24. By stimulating peripheral blood lymphocytes of HLA-A24-positive lung cancer patients with Livin7 peptide in vitro, the peptide-specific CTLs were successfully induced from four of five patients with Livin/ML-IAP-positive lung cancer but not from any of four patients without Livin/ML-IAP expression in their cancer tissues. Furthermore, the CTLs induced by Livin7 peptide showed cytotoxicity against Livin/ML-IAP(+) lung cancer cell lines in an HLA-A24-restricted manner. Our data suggest that Livin/ML-IAP may be an excellent target antigen in immunotherapy for lung cancer and Livin7 peptide may serve as a potent peptide vaccine for HLA-A*2402(+)/Livin(+) lung cancer patients.
New Isoflavone and Triterpene Glycosides from Soybeans (2002)

Chemical investigation of a soybean phytochemical concentrate resulted in the isolation and identification of two new isoflavanones, dihydrodaidzin (1) and dihydrogenistin (2), a new isoflavone, 2' ',6' '-O-diacetyloninin (3), and two new triterpenoid saponins (13 and 14). Nine known isoflavonoids (4-12) and three known saponins (15-17) were also identified. Structures of the new compounds were established by a combination of extensive NMR (DEPT, DQF-COSY, HMBC, HMQC, and ROESY) studies and chemical degradation. Cytotoxic activities (ED(50)) of various extracts and selected isoflavonoids and saponins were measured against human stomach carcinoma (Hs 740.T, Hs 756 T), breast adenocarcinoma (Hs 578 T, Hs 742.T), and prostate carcinoma (DU 145, LNCaP-FGC) cell lines. Isoflavonoids 3 and 5 were more active than 1 and 2 versus at least one of the three cell lines examined, indicating the importance of the 2,3-double bond in cytotoxicity. Saponins 13, 14, and 15 were slightly more active than saponins 16 and 17, indicating that sugar attachments at position-22 enhance cytotoxic activity.
In vivo lymphocyte tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus (1993)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in the cat is similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in causing a selective reduction in CD4+ cell numbers, leading to inversion of the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. To determine whether FIV, similar to human immunodeficiency virus type 1, has a tropism for CD4+ cells, we examined the in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities of feline lymphocyte subpopulations to FIV infection. Infection of interleukin-2-dependent CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocyte cultures with the NCSU1 isolate of FIV (FIV-NCSU1) resulted in syncytium formation, cell death, and Mg(2+)-dependent reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in both cases. Monoclonal antibodies to feline lymphocyte subsets were used to sort peripheral blood mononuclear cells from FIV-infected cats into highly (> 95%) purified CD4+ cell, CD8+ cell, immunoglobulin-positive (Ig+) cell, and monocyte subpopulations. The mononuclear cell subpopulations were analyzed for FIV provirus by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis and for virus expression by RT activity. All 16 cats infected with FIV-NCSU1 demonstrated FIV provirus in CD4+ cell-, CD8+ cell-, and Ig+ cell-enriched lymphocyte populations. Southern blot detection of amplified gag gene sequences and limiting-cell-dilution polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that Ig+ cells carried a higher FIV provirus burden in chronically (> or = 1-year) infected cats than either CD4+ or CD8+ cells. In contrast, CD4+ cells carried the greatest provirus burden in acutely (2- to 4-week) infected cats. FIV provirus was detected in monocytes from only 1 of 10 cats with asymptomatic infection. Addition of culture supernatants from enriched CD4+, CD8+, and Ig+ cells from FIV-infected cats to an FIV-susceptible CD4+ lymphocyte culture resulted in syncytium formation, cell death, and RT activity. Infection of Ig+ cells is not unique to FIV-NCSU1, as lymphocyte subpopulations from other cats with natural infections and cats infected with the Petaluma or Mount Airy isolate of FIV demonstrated a similar distribution of FIV provirus and RT activity. These data suggest that FIV possesses a broad tropism for peripheral blood mononuclear cells and that an Ig+ cell may serve as a major reservoir for the virus in chronically infected cats.
An iterative method to restore the performance of clipped and filtered OFDM signals (2004)

Clipping is an efficient and simple method to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals. However, clipping causes distortion and out-of-band radiation. In this paper, a novel iterative receiver is proposed to estimate and cancel the distortion caused by clipping noise. The proposed method is applied to clipped and filtered OFDM signals. It is shown by simulation that for an 802.11a system, the PAPR can be reduced to as low as 4 dB while the system performance can be restored to within 1 dB of the non-clipped case with only moderate complexity increase and with no bandwidth expansion.
A Facile One-Pot Preparation of Organoselanyltrifluoroborates from Dihalobenzenes and Their Cross-Coupling Reaction (2008)

Potassium organoselanyltrifluoroborates have been prepared from the corresponding dihalobenzene compounds in 56-92% yields through a facile one-pot, multicomponent reaction. The microwave-promoted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of these substrates with various aryl and alkenyl bromides in the presence of 3.0 mol % of Pd(PPh(3))(4) and 3.0 equiv of K(2)CO(3) in aqueous 1,4-dioxane at 130 degrees C provided the desired compounds in 54-91% yields.
Embedded 3D Printing of Strain Sensors within Highly Stretchable Elastomers (2014)

A new method, embedded-3D printing (e-3DP), is reported for fabricating strain sensors within highly conformal and extensible elastomeric matrices. e-3DP allows soft sensors to be created in nearly arbitrary planar and 3D motifs in a highly programmable and seamless manner. Several embodiments are demonstrated and sensor performance is characterized.
Robust Formant Tracking in Echoic and Noisy Environments. (2010)

www.honda-ri.de Despite the fact that formant extraction has been investigated for a long time it still remains a challenging task. Particularly in real-world environments, where noise and echoes are detrimental factors for speech processing, existing methods for formant extraction yield unfavorable results. Here, we present a framework for formant tracking which is specifically tailored for application in such difficult settings. Keys to our method are, firstly, an auditory inspired preprocessing which enhances formants in spectrograms and, secondly, a probabilistic scheme which estimates the joint distribution of formants. Especially the latter contributes to the robustness of our system as it naturally considers the uncertainty inherent to the speech data. We demonstrate the favorable performance of our framework by a comprehensive evaluation on a publicly available database as well as in form of an online system operating under real-world conditions. 1
Hybrid ARQ based on Rate Compatible Zigzag Codes (2006)

High data rate coded transmission concepts beyond 3G require development of efficient channel coding schemes suitable for packet data transmission. In this paper we suggest a hybrid ARQ (HARQ) scheme based on low complexity rate compatible punctured zigzag codes. In particular, we introduce a virtual data reshaping and present rate matching rules that practically do not suffer from sub-optimality due to puncturing. Furthermore, we introduce irregular PCZZ codes that allow to improve performance and coding rate flexibility of the PCZZ under the same rate matching framework.
Structure and Function of a Bacterial Microcompartment Shell Protein Engineered to Bind a [4Fe-4S] Cluster (2015)

Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are self-assembling organelles composed of a selectively permeable protein shell and encapsulated enzymes. They are considered promising templates for the engineering of designed bionanoreactors for biotechnology. In particular, encapsulation of oxidoreductive reactions requiring electron transfer between the lumen of the BMC and the cytosol relies on the ability to conduct electrons across the shell. We determined the crystal structure of a component protein of a synthetic BMC shell, which informed the rational design of a [4Fe-4S] cluster-binding site in its pore. We also solved the structure of the [4Fe-4S] cluster-bound, engineered protein to 1.8 Å resolution, providing the first structure of a BMC shell protein containing a metal center. The [4Fe-4S] cluster was characterized by optical and EPR spectroscopies; it has a reduction potential of -370 mV vs the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) and is stable through redox cycling. This remarkable stability may be attributable to the hydrogen-bonding network provided by the main chain of the protein scaffold. The properties of the [4Fe-4S] cluster resemble those in low-potential bacterial ferredoxins, while its ligation to three cysteine residues is reminiscent of enzymes such as aconitase and radical S-adenosymethionine (SAM) enzymes. This engineered shell protein provides the foundation for conferring electron-transfer functionality to BMC shells.
Spectral noise measurements of a 8.5 micron quantum cascade laser with implications for stabilization to 1 kHz (2003)

Summary form only given. The quantum-cascade (QC) distributed feedback laser operating in the mid-infrared promises to be an excellent tool for remote sensing applications as well as in situ monitoring of trace gases. In addition to the high cw power, the QC laser exhibits excellent intrinsic frequency stability. We report here on the characterization of the spectral noise density of a 8.5 /spl mu/m QC laser operating cw at liquid nitrogen temperatures.
A Stable Aspirin-Triggered Lipoxin A4 Analog Blocks Phosphorylation of Leukocyte-Specific Protein 1 in Human Neutrophils (2004)

Lipoxins and their aspirin-triggered 15-epimers are endogenous anti-inflammatory agents that block neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and inhibit neutrophil influx in several models of acute inflammation. In this study, we examined the effects of 15-epi-16-(p-fluoro)-phenoxy-lipoxin A(4) methyl ester, an aspirin-triggered lipoxin A(4)-stable analog (ATLa), on the protein phosphorylation pattern of human neutrophils. Neutrophils stimulated with the chemoattractant fMLP were found to exhibit intense phosphorylation of a 55-kDa protein that was blocked by ATLa (10-50 nM). This 55-kDa protein was identified as leukocyte-specific protein 1, a downstream component of the p38-MAPK cascade in neutrophils, by mass spectrometry, Western blotting, and immunoprecipitation experiments. ATLa (50 nM) also reduced phosphorylation/activation of several components of the p38-MAPK pathway in these cells (MAPK kinase 3/MAPK kinase 6, p38-MAPK, MAPK-activated protein kinase-2). These results indicate that ATLa exerts its anti-inflammatory effects, at least in part, by blocking activation of the p38-MAPK cascade in neutrophils, which is known to promote chemotaxis and other proinflammatory responses by these cells.
Evaluation of A Baculovirus-Expressed VP2 Subunit Vaccine for the Protection of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (2020)

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an arthropod-transmitted RNA virus and the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in wild and domestic ruminants. In North America, white-tailed deer (WTD) experience the highest EHD-related morbidity and mortality, although clinical disease is reported in cattle during severe epizootics. No commercially licensed EHDV vaccine is available in North America. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a subunit vaccine candidate to control EHD in WTD. Recombinant VP2 (rVP2) outer capsid proteins of EHDV serotypes 2 (EHDV-2) and 6 (EHDV-6) were produced in a baculovirus-expression system. Mice and cattle vaccinated with EHDV-2 or EHDV-6 rVP2 produced homologous virus-neutralizing antibodies. In an immunogenicity/efficacy study, captive-bred WTD received 2 doses of EHDV-2 rVP2 or sham vaccine, then were challenged with wild-type EHDV-2 at 30 d post vaccination. None of the rVP2-vaccinated deer developed clinical disease, no viral RNA was detected in their blood or tissues (liver, lung, spleen, kidney), and no EHDV-induced lesions were observed. Sham-vaccinated deer developed clinical disease with viremia and typical EHD vascular lesions. Here, we demonstrate a rVP2 subunit vaccine that can provide protective immunity from EHDV infection and which may serve as an effective tool in preventing clinical EHD and reducing virus transmission.
Supporting PHY-Layer Security in Multi-Link Wireless Networks Using Friendly Jamming (2014)

Friendly jamming is a PHY-layer technique used to secure wireless communications. Unlike previous efforts that fix the placement of the friendly jamming devices, in this paper we consider small- scale multi-link wireless networks, e.g., peer-to- peer or multihop, and jointly optimize the powers and locations of the friendly jamming devices so as to minimize the total jamming power while simultaneously achieving a given secrecy constraint. We use distributed MIMO techniques and incorporate the necessary conditions to ensure nullification of the friendly jamming signals at legitimate receivers. Two optimization strategies are explored: per-link and network-wide. Our optimization framework is based on formulating a signomial programming problem using condensation techniques to approximate the problem as a geometric program, which can then be transformed into a convex problem. We also consider the secrecy-aware routing problem for multihop networks and propose a routing metric based on the total jamming power along the path. Simulations show that our proposed schemes outperform previous schemes in terms of energy efficiency (55%-99% power saving). Moreover, our formulation ensures protecting legitimate transmissions by nullifying friendly jamming signals at legitimate receivers.
Solution conformation of alpha-conotoxin GIC, a novel potent antagonist of alpha3beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (2004)

Alpha-conotoxin GIC is a 16-residue peptide isolated from the venom of the cone snail Conus geographus. Alpha-conotoxin GIC potently blocks the alpha3beta2 subtype of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, showing a high selectivity for neuronal versus muscle subtype [McIntosh, Dowell, Watkins, Garrett, Yoshikami, and Olivera (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 33610-33615]. We have now determined the three-dimensional solution structure of alpha-conotoxin GIC by NMR spectroscopy. The structure of alpha-conotoxin GIC is well defined with backbone and heavy atom root mean square deviations (residues 2-16) of 0.53 A and 0.96 A respectively. Structure and surface comparison of alpha-conotoxin GIC with the other alpha4/7 subfamily conotoxins reveals unique structural aspects of alpha-conotoxin GIC. In particular, the structural comparison between alpha-conotoxins GIC and MII indicates molecular features that may confer their similar receptor specificity profile, as well as those that provide the unique binding characteristics of alpha-conotoxin GIC.
Building an intelligent camera management system (2001)

Given rapid improvements in storage devices, network infrastructure and streaming-media technologies, a large number of corporations and universities are recording lectures and making them available online for anytime, anywhere access. However, producing high-quality lecture videos is still labor intensive and expensive. Fortunately, recent technology advances are making it feasible to build automated camera management systems to capture lectures. In this paper we report our design of such a system, including system configuration, audio-visual tracking techniques, software architecture, and user study. Motivated by different roles in a professional video production team, we have developed a multi-cinematographer single-director camera management system. The system performs lecturer tracking, audience tracking, and video editing all fully automatically, and offers quality close to that of human-operated systems.
Co-expression networks in generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (2016)

We developed an adenoviral vector, in which Yamanaka's four reprogramming factors (RFs) were controlled by individual CMV promoters in a single cassette (Ad-SOcMK). This permitted coordinated expression of RFs (SOX2, OCT3/4, c-MYC and KLF4) in a cell for a transient period of time, synchronizing the reprogramming process with the majority of transduced cells assuming induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-like characteristics as early as three days post-transduction. These reprogrammed cells resembled human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with regard to morphology, biomarker expression, and could be differentiated into cells of the germ layers in vitro and in vivo. These iPSC-like cells, however, failed to expand into larger iPSC colonies. The short and synchronized reprogramming process allowed us to study global transcription changes within short time intervals. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified sixteen large gene co-expression modules, each including members of gene ontology categories involved in cell differentiation and development. In particular, the brown module contained a significant number of ESC marker genes, whereas the turquoise module contained cell-cycle-related genes that were downregulated in contrast to upregulation in human ESCs. Strong coordinated expression of all four RFs via adenoviral transduction may constrain stochastic processes and lead to silencing of genes important for cellular proliferation.