gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airspace Phase Transitions and the Traffic Physics of Interacting 4D Trajectories (2011)

This paper presents early progress in the development of a modeling and simulation capability derived from advancements in complexity science coupled with advancements in computational platforms for the simulation and analysis of emergent phenomena in the airspace. We present a research effort to test concepts of collective dynamics of large numbers of heterogeneous aircraft (thousands to tens of thousands) in the NAS undergoing continuous 4D trajectory replanning in the presence of noise and uncertainty while optimizing performance measures and deconflicting trajectories. We use a combination of modified genetic algorithms and pseudopotential methods acting extended objects (trajectories) rather than aircraft themselves to implement this capability. This is a natural way to preserve intent while deconflicting aircraft. Subjects under investigation include measures of fullness of the airspace, emergent structures arising from interacting trajectory optimization, tradeoffs between centralized and distributed optimization, and phase transitions in collective behavior (traffic physics). Our work is concentrated in the enroute airspace, but can in principle be extended to the terminal airspace. We describe the combined software and hardware platform we have built to realize a rapid-prototyping environment capable of investigating these questions at a realistic level of fidelity and in much greater than real time speed. Our simulation platform is built the principle of minimum assumption and maximum emergence. There are no sectors, no flight level constraints, and control actions can be arbitrarily subtle and continuous in all four dimensions. Constraints up to and including the current NAS configuration can be switched on for comparison purposes. With this software simulation system, we can address implications for centralized versus decentralized control in a real-world system and explore alternative TBO concepts of operation, including applications such as game theory for economic considerations, bulk management of airspace phase state for capacity considerations, and well as policy and technology strategy evaluations.
Multiplication noise of InP avalanche photodiodes (1981)

An InP avalanche photodiode with a guard ring structure is fabricated. The maximum avalanche gain obtained is 210 at a primary photocurrent of 0.2 μA, and uniform photoresponse without local enlargement is obtained at an avalanche gain of 10. Multiplication noise characteristics are investigated, and the effective ionization rate ratio of holes to electrons is found to be 1.7–1.8.
Modification of the Acoustic Spectrum of Detonation Tube Shock Waves by Timed Multiple-Pulse Addition. (2000)

Detonation tubes are simple devices capable of producing substantial acoustic power that may be useful for the simulation of high-level acoustic environments. We report results of an investigation into the modification of the acoustic spectrum produced by detonation tubes by timed addition of the shock-wave outputs of six detonation tubes fired in sequence. We first examined the output of a single detonation tube as a function of range and found that it conformed to existing models for spherical blast waves when appropriate initial conditions were derived. We found timing schemes for the firing of the multiple tubes that: (1) produce a substantial shift of the acoustic energy to lower frequencies by maximizing the duration of the positive pressure pulse, or (2) maximize the acoustic energy output in a narrow frequency range by matching the pulse-to-pulse delay to the total duration (positive and negative pressure phases) of a single detonation wave.
Single-electron-occupation metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dots formed from efficient poly-silicon gate layout (2017)

We introduce a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dot architecture based on a single polysilicon gate stack. The elementary structure consists of two enhancement gates separated spatially by a gap, one gate forming a reservoir and the other a quantum dot. We demonstrate, in three devices based on two different versions of this elementary structure, that a wide range of tunnel rates is attainable while maintaining single-electron occupation. A characteristic change in slope of the charge transitions as a function of the reservoir gate voltage, attributed to screening from charges in the reservoir, is observed in all devices, and is expected to play a role in the sizable tuning orthogonality of the split enhancement gate structure. The all-silicon process is expected to minimize strain gradients from electrode thermal mismatch, while the single gate layer should avoid issues related to overlayers (e.g., additional dielectric charge noise) and help improve yield. Finally, reservoir gate control of the tunnel barrier has implications for initialization, manipulation and readout schemes in multi-quantum dot architectures.
A Novel Measurement Method for Coal Thermoplasticity: Permeation Distance (2014)

A novel measurement method for coal thermoplasticity was developed, where permeation distance of thermally plastic coal into glass beads layer placed on the coal sample was measured. The characteristic of this method is simulating the condition in a coke oven, especially void structure around the plastic layer by using glass beads and coking pressure by applying a load. In a standard condition, the coal sample is heated to 550°C, and coal sample softens and permeates into the glass beads layer, then the permeation distance is measured after cooling the sample. The maximum permeation distance measured is roughly correlated with Gieseler fluidity, however large deviation is observed especially for high fluidity coals. Moreover, the deterioration of coke strength is observed in case that long permeation distance coal is used in a coal blend for cokemaking. This new measurement method clearly shows the difference in coking property of high fluidity coal as well as solving the problems in Gieseler plastometer method for evaluating high fluidity coals. By employing the permeation distance method, contribution to the production of high strength coke and effective usage of caking coal will be expected.
Repression by ARP-1 Sensitizes Apolipoprotein A1 Gene Responsiveness to RXRα and Retinoic Acid (1992)

The gene coding for apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), a lipid binding protein involved in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids in the plasma, is expressed in mammals predominantly in the liver and the intestine. Liver-specific expression is controlled by synergistic interactions between transcription factors bound to three separate sites, sites A (-214 to -192), B (-169 to -146), and C (-134 to -119), within a powerful liver-specific enhancer located between nucleotides -222 and -110 upstream of the apoAI gene transcription start site (+1). Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that ARP-1, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily whose ligand is unknown (orphan receptor), binds to site A and represses transcription of the apoAI gene in liver cells. In a more recent series of experiments, we found that site A is a retinoic acid (RA) response element that responds preferentially to the recently identified RA-responsive receptor RXR alpha over the previously characterized RA receptors RAR alpha and RAR beta. In this study we investigated the combined effects of ARP-1 and RXR alpha on apoAI gene expression in liver cells. Transient transfection assays showed that site A is necessary and sufficient for RXR alpha-mediated transactivation of the apoAI gene basal promoter in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in the presence of RA and that this transactivation is abolished by increasing amounts of cotransfected ARP-1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and subsequent Scatchard analysis of the data revealed that ARP-1 and RXR alpha bind to site A with similar affinities. These assays also revealed that ARP-1 and RXR alpha bind to site A as heterodimers with an affinity approximately 10 times greater than that of either ARP-1 or RXR alpha alone. Further transfection assays in HepG2 cells, using as a reporter a construct containing the apoAI gene basal promoter and its upstream regulatory elements (including site A) in their natural context, revealed that RXR alpha has very little effect on the levels of expression regardless of the presence or absence of RA. However, while ARP-1 alone or ARP-1 and RXR alpha together dramatically repress expression in the absence of RA, the repression by ARP-1 and RXR alpha together, but not ARP-1 alone, is almost completely alleviated in the presence of RA. These results indicate that transcriptional repression by ARP-1 sensitizes apoAI gene responsiveness to RXR alpha and RA and suggest that the magnitude of this responsiveness is regulated by the intracellular ratio of ARP-1 to RXR alpha. These observations raise the possibility that transcriptional repression is a general mechanism for switching gene transcription between alternative transcription activation pathways.
The ocular hypotensive effects of demeclocycline, tetracycline and other tetracycline derivatives. (1989)

Demeclocycline, tetracycline and other tetracycline derivatives lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits following intravitreal injection, but the onset of this effect was not evident until 1 or more days after drug administration. Of the drugs tested, demeclocycline was the most active ocular hypotensive agent. Demeclocycline caused a dose-dependent decrease in IOP. The maximum IOP decrease of approximately 12 mm Hg occurred 5 days after intravitreal administration of 0.5 mg, with the effect persisting for over a week. Demeclocycline did not alter tonographically measured aqueous humor outflow facility or episcleral venous pressure. Based on calculated aqueous humor flow rates following 0.2 mg demeclocycline, a 62% decrease in aqueous humor formation occurred 7 days after intravitreal injection. The flow-to-diffusion ratio for ascorbate was reduced 54% 6 days after the intravitreal administration of demeclocycline, a change also consistent with suppression of aqueous humor formation. Anterior chamber aqueous humor protein concentration was increased 6 days after demeclocycline administration. No histologic changes were present in the treated eyes by light microscopy. Intravitreal demeclocycline similarly lowered IOP in cats, with the duration of effect lasting up to 20 days.
Incipient Slip Detection and Recovery for Controllable Gecko-Inspired Adhesion (2016)

We present work on incipient slip sensing and recovery for controllable gecko-inspired adhesives. The approach is based on the relationship between changes in real contact area and maximum shear force. Using signals from an on-board tactile sensor, we detect the onset of adhesive failure and execute recovery behavior. Results show the system using tactile sensor feedback is able to achieve >92% of the peak adhesion performance achieved with a force plate and commercial load cell. Results are consistent over a variety of common smooth surfaces, with the system achieving repeatable force loading behavior independent of varying materials and surface conditions.
Fluxon pinning in annular Josephson junctions by an external magnetic field (1997)

The behavior of long annular Josephson junctions with various numbers n of trapped fluxons is studied in the presence of a uniform external magnetic field parallel to the plane of the junction’s tunnel barrier. We report on measurements of the magnetic dependencies of the critical current and current–voltage characteristics with different n. Experimental results are explained by the model assuming that a barrier-parallel magnetic field produces potential wells for fluxons and antifluxons at the opposite locations. We also present numerical simulations using the perturbed sine-Gordon equation with an additional magnetic-field-induced term. Good agreement is found between the measured critical current versus magnetic-field dependencies and the numerical simulations.
Prediction of Wellbore Position Accuracy When Surveyed With Gyroscopic Tools (2008)

Summary This paper describes a new method for the estimation of wellbore position accuracies when using gyroscopic tools. The developed method represents a solution to the industry's need for a general and flexible error model which is applicable for all gyroscopic surveying tools and services. The general gyro error model consists of a new set of error terms and a mathematical description of how the different error sources contribute to position uncertainties dependent on sensor configurations and operational modes. The model is suitable for appropriate modeling of most gyro surveying services. The description of the model and the attached numerical examples are demonstrated to be sufficient to implement the model. The model has now been implemented in a number of commercial well planning and survey-management software packages. The paper is a product of a collaborative work within the SPE Wellbore Positioning Technical Section (SPE WPTS), formerly the Industry Steering Committee on Wellbore Surveying Accuracy (ISCWSA).
Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors in Nuclear Security for Passively Monitoring of Special Nuclear Materials―Part A (2011)

This paper (constituting Part A) describes the transformational Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (TMFD) based method for “passive” detection of Special Nuclear Materials (SNMs) as related to nuclear security. Purdue University is developing novel, multi-purpose tension metastable fluid nuclear particle detectors by which multiple types of nuclear particles can be detected with high (90%+) intrinsic efficiency, spectroscopic capability, directional information, rapid response, large standoff and significant cost-savings compared with state-of-the-art systems. This paper focuses specifically on recent advances in the use of these novel detector systems for neutron spectroscopy. These techniques will then be discussed and evaluated in the context of area monitoring in waste processing applications with a focus on passive monitoring of radioactive source particles from SNMs. The companion paper (Part B) addresses TMFD technology as it pertains to active interrogation.
Coprevalence of Autoantibodies to Cardiac Troponin I and T in Normal Blood Donors (2010)

We recently reported the high frequency of plasma and serum samples with increased concentrations of IgG reactive to cardiac troponin I (cTnI1 ; 12.7%) (1) or T (9.9%)(2) in normal blood donor cohorts. Whereas the presence of autoantibodies to cardiac troponin I (α-cTnI) has been highlighted as a potential source of false-negative cTnI immunoassay results(3), the stabilizing effect of α-cTnI on the circulating half-life of cTnI has been much less explored(4). The former may result in delayed diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on presentation, while the latter may require additional diagnostic testing to reconcile the cTnI measurement with clinical observations, thus prolonging the duration of care, with its attendant cost. When such discordant results are noted, additional information from related biomarkers, particularly cTnT, …
[Cartilage regeneration using cell reprogramming technologies]. (2013)

Injuries to articular cartilage do not heal spontaneously, and when left untreated, result in the diffuse degeneration of cartilage. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation has been performed to treat focal articular cartilage defects, but the repaired tissue includes fibrous tissue. Healing with hyaline cartilage has been difficult to achieve. The generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has enabled us to rejuvenate somatic cells and provide them with pluripotency. This technology may contribute to producing hyaline cartilage. In addition, fibroblasts can be converted toward chondrogenic cells by directed reprogramming technology. Research aimed at the realization of cartilage regeneration using cell reprogramming technologies is underway.
Deciphering the Mammary Epithelial Cell Hierarchy (2006)

Clonal assays offer a powerful approach to dissecting the many events involved in the generation and maintenance of complex tissues from an undifferentiated stem cell pool. The application of such quantitative functional methodologies to studies of the hematopoietic system have been key to defining the hierarchy of progenitor subsets that reflect an irreversible stepwise process of lineage restriction. Recent studies now suggest that a similar paradigm applies to the normal mammary gland. The adult mouse mammary gland maintains a population of stem cells that generate biologically distinct and physically separable subpopulations of mammary epithelial progenitors which, in turn, generate terminally differentiated cells. Suggestive parallels between mouse and human mammary cells point to the likelihood that a similarly structured multi-step differentiation program characterizes the mammary gland from both species.
Organoelement resists for EUV lithography (2002)

EUV lithography is perhaps the most promising of the NGL technologies for sub-100nm resolution. To address needs in this area, we have designed and synthesized several types of organoelement resists using only low absorbing elements, including H, C, Si and B. One category is based on silicon-containing block and random polymers. They show high transparency according to theoretical simulations and have high oxygen reactive ion etch resistances compared to Novolac resins. In a preliminary study, we were able to image these polymers to 180 nm line/space patterns using EUV exposure. A second type of EUV transparent resist platform involves boron-containing polymers. Carborane carboxylic acid was attached to a copolymer backbone to introduce boron atoms with controlled attachment level. It was found that incorporation of a small amount of B provides remarkably high oxygen etch resistance.
Plasma Developable Electron Resists (1984)

Negative electron resists are generally more sensitive than positive resists but the resolution of negative resists is lower (1). Negative resists are normally applied to the substrate by a spin coating process (2), exposed using a high energy electron beam and spray developed with a developer solvent. The dominant effect of e-beam exposure on the organic polymers used as negative resists is a crosslinking process that increases the molecular weight of the polymers, making the exposed area insoluble. During the development process in which the unexposed area in the negative resist is removed, the solvent molecules invariably penetrate into the exposed crosslinked area resulting in swelling of the polymer which seriously degrades the resist resolution. The swelling of negative resist patterns can be minimized, but cannot be totally eliminated. This is because the solvent which can dissolve the unexposed polymer has a natural tendency to diffuse and penetrate into the
Compressed data organization for high throughput parallel entropy coding (2015)

The difficulty of parallelizing entropy coding is increasingly limiting the data throughputs achievable in media compression. In this work we analyze what are the fundamental limitations, using finite-state-machine models for identifying the best manner of separating tasks that can be processed independently, while minimizing compression losses. This analysis confirms previous works showing that effective parallelization is feasible only if the compressed data is organized in a proper way, which is quite different from conventional formats. The proposed new formats exploit the fact that optimal compression is not affected by the arrangement of coded bits, but it goes further in exploiting the decreasing cost of data processing and memory. Additional advantages include the ability to use, within this framework, increasingly more complex data modeling techniques, and the freedom to mix different types of coding. We confirm the parallelization effectiveness using coding simulations that run on multi-core processors, and show how throughput scales with the number of cores, and analyze the additional bit-rate overhead.
Geollery (2019)

We present Geollery, an interactive mixed reality social media platform for creating, sharing, and exploring geotagged information. Geollery introduces a real-time pipeline to progressively render an interactive mirrored world with three-dimensional (3D) buildings, internal user-generated content, and external geotagged social media. This mirrored world allows users to see, chat, and collaborate with remote participants with the same spatial context in an immersive virtual environment. We describe the system architecture of Geollery, its key interactive capabilities, and our design decisions. Finally, we conduct a user study with 20 participants to qualitatively compare Geollery with another social media system, Social Street View. Based on the participants' responses, we discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each system and derive key insights for designing an interactive mirrored world with geotagged social media. User feedback from our study reveals several use cases for Geollery including travel planning, virtual meetings, and family gathering.
Partial fourier and parallel <scp>MR</scp> image reconstruction with integrated gradient nonlinearity correction (2015)

Noniterative partial Fourier and parallel imaging reconstruction methods with integrated GNL correction reduce the resolution loss that occurs during conventional postreconstruction GNL correction while preserving the computational efficiency of standard reconstruction techniques. Magn Reson Med 75:2534-2544, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of Der p 21, a new important allergen derived from the gut of house dust mites* (2008)

Der p 21 is a new important mite allergen which is liberated into the environment via faecal particles and hence may be associated with allergic asthma.
Simple, Scalable Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation (2019)

Ankur Bapna, Orhan Firat. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Green vessel scheduling in liner shipping: Modeling carbon dioxide emission costs in sea and at ports of call (2017)

Considering a substantial increase in volumes of the international seaborne trade and drastic climate changes due to carbon dioxide emissions, liner shipping companies have to improve planning of their vessel schedules and improve energy efficiency. This paper presents a novel mixed integer non-linear mathematical model for the green vessel scheduling problem, which directly accounts for the carbon dioxide emission costs in sea and at ports of call. The original non-linear model is linearized and then solved using CPLEX. A set of numerical experiments are conducted for a real-life liner shipping route to reveal managerial insights that can be of importance to liner shipping companies. Results indicate that the proposed mathematical model can serve as an efficient planning tool for liner shipping companies and may assist with evaluation of various carbon dioxide taxation schemes. Increasing carbon dioxide tax may substantially change the design of vessel schedules, incur additional route service costs, and improve the environmental sustainability. However, the effects from increasing carbon dioxide tax on the marine container terminal operations are found to be very limited.