gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Primary Full-Integrated Active Filter Auxiliary Power Module in Electrified Vehicles With Single-Phase Onboard Chargers (2017)

In single-phase ac high-voltage (HV) battery chargers, as the input current is enforced to be varying sinusoidally in phase with the input voltage, the pulsating power at two times of the line frequency will be seen on the dc-link. Bulky capacitor bank or extra active filter (AF) circuits are needed to assimilate this harmonic current, which become a major barrier in terms of power density and cost. Sinusoidal charging method can be applied, while this might affect the charging efficiency and a deep study is still needed to further investigate on the impact to the Lithium-ion battery. An active filter auxiliary power module (AFAPM) based dual-mode dual-voltage charging system for vehicle application has been proposed. The AFAPM converter has two modes: the HV active filtering mode, in which the vehicle is connected to the grid and the converter assimilates the significant second-order harmonic current; and the low-voltage (LV) battery charging mode, in which the vehicle is running and the converter charges the LV battery from HV battery. However, a relay and inductors are still required in that converter to achieve the dual-mode operation. This paper proposes a primary full-integrated AFAPM for electrified vehicle applications with single-phase onboard chargers. The proposed AFAPM converter is composed of a two-phase bidirectional buck converter to work as an AF and a dual-active-bridge to operate as a LV battery charger auxiliary power module (APM). With the proposed converter, only an extra active energy storage capacitor is needed to achieve the active filtering. All the switches and inductors on the primary stage are shared between the AF and APM. Therefore, the use of a bulky capacitor bank or an additional AF circuit is avoided and, thus, the cost, size, and weight of the dual-voltage charging system in the electrified vehicle applications can be reduced. A 720-W prototype has been built to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Initial experimental results using the noise correlation radar (2013)

Experimental results from recent field testing with the noise correlation radar (NCR) are presented as a proof of concept. In order to understand the effectiveness of the NCR, a predetermined set of measures is established. We discuss the three experimental configurations used in evaluating the system’s range resolution/error, robustness to interference, and secure radio frequency (RF) emission. We show that the advanced pulse compression noise (APCN) radar waveform has low range measurement error, is robust to interference, and is spectrally nondeterministic. In addition, we determine that an improvement in range resolution due to phase modulation is achieved as a function of the random code length rather than the compressed pulse length.
Golf Swing Rotational Velocity: The Essential Follow-Through (2018)

Golf swing rotational velocity of professionals was consistent in pattern and magnitude, offering benchmarks for amateurs. Understanding golf swing rotational biomechanics can guide swing modifications to help optimize performance and prevent injury.
Adaptive thermal stabilization of an integrated photonic spectrometer using parasitic interference fringes (2020)

Parasitic fringe drift from unwanted scatterings limits the long-term stability of waveguide-based optical spectrometers. Yet their spectral features provide relevant information that can be used to improve performance of the spectrometer. We show that fringe drift can be extracted and utilized to perform accurate thermal stabilization, especially in the case of integrated waveguide sensors. In this Letter, effective stabilization of a methane silicon photonic sensor is demonstrated, and significant reduction in fringe noise is clearly observed.
Yeast-Based High-Throughput Screen Identifies <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 Inhibitors That Kill Malaria Parasites (2015)

Equilibrative transporters are potential drug targets; however, most functional assays involve radioactive substrate uptake that is unsuitable for high-throughput screens (HTS). We developed a robust yeast-based growth assay that is potentially applicable to many equilibrative transporters. As proof of principle, we applied our approach to Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PfENT1). PfENT1 inhibitors might serve as novel antimalarial drugs since PfENT1-mediated purine import is essential for parasite proliferation. To identify PfENT1 inhibitors, we screened 64 560 compounds and identified 171 by their ability to rescue the growth of PfENT1-expressing fui1Δ yeast in the presence of a cytotoxic PfENT1 substrate, 5-fluorouridine (5-FUrd). In secondary assays, nine of the highest activity compounds inhibited PfENT1-dependent growth of a purine auxotrophic yeast strain with adenosine as the sole purine source (IC50 0.2-2 μM). These nine compounds completely blocked [(3)H]adenosine uptake into PfENT1-expressing yeast and erythrocyte-free trophozoite-stage parasites (IC50 5-50 nM), and inhibited chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant parasite proliferation (IC50 5-50 μM). Wild-type (WT) parasite IC50 values were up to 4-fold lower compared to PfENT1-knockout (pfent1Δ) parasites. pfent1Δ parasite killing showed a delayed-death phenotype not observed with WT. We infer that, in parasites, the compounds inhibit both PfENT1 and a secondary target with similar efficacy. The secondary target identity is unknown, but its existence may reduce the likelihood of parasites developing resistance to PfENT1 inhibitors. Our data support the hypothesis that blocking purine transport through PfENT1 may be a novel and compelling approach for antimalarial drug development.
Platform-independent gene expression signature differentiates sessile serrated adenomas/polyps and hyperplastic polyps of the colon (2017)

Most of the differentially expressed pathways are known as hallmarks of cancer and likely to explain why sessile serrated polyps are more prone to neoplastic transformation than hyperplastic. The new molecular classifier includes 13 genes and may facilitate objective differentiation between two polyps.
Conditioning of SO2-ethanol-water spent liquor from spruce for the production of chemicals by ABE fermentation (2011)

Abstract The objective of this study is to develop a process for conditioning spent liquor produced by SO 2 -ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of spruce wood chips for fermentation to butanol, ethanol and acetone/isopropanol, i.e., by means of the so called acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) process using Clostridia bacteria. This study serves as part of an overall project aiming at the development of economic processes for producing chemicals and biofuels from mixed forest biomass via SEW fractionation and ABE fermentation technologies.
Intranasal Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Gene Delivery and Expression of Human Iduronidase in the Central Nervous System: A Noninvasive and Effective Approach for Prevention of Neurologic Disease in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (2017)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a progressive, multi-systemic, inherited metabolic disease caused by deficiency of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). Current treatments for this disease are ineffective in treating central nervous system (CNS) disease due to the inability of lysosomal enzymes to traverse the blood-brain barrier. A noninvasive and effective approach was taken in the treatment of CNS disease by intranasal administration of an IDUA-encoding adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector. Adult IDUA-deficient mice aged 3 months were instilled intranasally with AAV9-IDUA vector. Animals sacrificed 5 months post instillation exhibited IDUA enzyme activity levels that were up to 50-fold that of wild-type mice in the olfactory bulb, with wild-type levels of enzyme restored in all other parts of the brain. Intranasal treatment with AAV9-IDUA also resulted in the reduction of tissue glycosaminoglycan storage materials in the brain. There was strong IDUA immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections observed in the nasal epithelium and olfactory bulb, but there was no evidence of the presence of transduced cells in other portions of the brain. This indicates that reduction of storage materials most likely occurred as a result of enzyme diffusion from the olfactory bulb and the nasal epithelium into deeper areas of the brain. At 8 months of age, neurocognitive testing using the Barnes maze to assess spatial navigation demonstrated that treated IDUA-deficient mice were no different from normal control animals, while untreated IDUA-deficient mice exhibited significant learning and navigation deficits. This novel, noninvasive strategy for intranasal AAV9-IDUA instillation could potentially be used to treat CNS manifestations of human MPS I.
Leakage monitoring using percolation sensors for revealing structural damage in engineering structures (2013)

There is a continuous need for the monitoring of engineering structures, especially when scheduled inspections are difficult to perform or if they are too expensive. The present paper gives some results on the performance of sensors on the basis of percolation thresholds that are able to detect leakage of diverse harmful liquids, such as water, hydraulic liquids, kerosene and jet engine oils. The focus here lies on sensor systems that give semi-quantitative, fuse-like information on the presence of harmful liquids, which indirectly gives evidence on the presence of structural damage. The common underlying principle is the interruption of percolation conductivity when the respective sensing material is exposed to harmful liquids; that is, the electrical conductivity is essentially lost by sorption and swelling of a dedicated matrix material. The temperature dependence and response times give valuable information on the usability of the sensor in the respective environments. The sensor can be manufactured as a cord sensor or as self-adhesive patches where the functional layer is deposited by screen printing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Wireless Adapter Architecture for Mobile Computing (1995)

A adapter for wireless networking provides for reconfigerable media access control and data packet formats. The flexible adapter comprises a modem interface for controlling an RF modem for transmitting data signals to and receiving data signals from another RF modem; a media access control circuit; and a computer system interface circuit. The computer system interface circuit provides an interface between a host computer system, the modem interface circuit and the media access control circuit.
Multilayer reflective coatings for extreme-ultraviolet lithography (1998)

Multilayer mirror coatings which reflect extreme UV (EUV) radiation are a key enabling technology for EUV lithography. So/Si multilayers with reflectances of 67.5 percent at 13.4 nm are now routinely achieved and reflectances of 70.2 percent at 11.4 nm were obtained with Mo/Be multilayers. High reflectance is achieved with careful control of substrate quality, layer thicknesses, multilayer materials, interface quality, and surface termination. Reflectance and film stress were found to be stable relative to the requirements for application to EUV lithography. The run-to- run reproducibility of the reflectance peak position was characterized to be better than 0.2 percent, providing the required wavelength matching among the seven multilayer- coated mirrors used in the present lithography system design. Uniformity of coating was improved to better than 0.5 percent across 150 mm diameter substrates. These improvements in EUV multilayer mirror technology will enable us to meet the stringent specifications for coating the large optical substrates for our next-generation EUV lithography system.
An adaptive scheme for parallel-line distance protection (2002)

This paper describes an adaptive protective relaying scheme for parallel-line distance protection. The scheme adjusts its operation based on the availability of input signals to achieve an optimal distance protection performance on parallel transmission lines influenced by the mutual coupling effect. When available, zero sequence current from the parallel line is used to fully compensate the mutual coupling effect. The zero sequence current ratio is used to avoid possible false operations on healthy lines, which may result from such compensation. When the parallel line's zero sequence current is not available, the line operating status is used instead to select the proper zero sequence current compensation factors in impedance calculation. Default zero sequence current compensation factor is used when both the parallel line's zero sequence current and line operating status signals are not available. The performance of the scheme has been verified on a simulated network and the results are presented.
Nonparaxial vector-field modeling of optical coherence tomography and interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (2007)

A large-aperture, electromagnetic model for coherent microscopy is presented and the inverse scattering problem is solved. Approximations to the model are developed for near-focus and far-from-focus operations. These approximations result in an image-reconstruction algorithm consistent with interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM): this validates ISAM processing of optical-coherence-tomography and optical-coherence-microscopy data in a vectorial setting. Numerical simulations confirm that diffraction-limited resolution can be achieved outside the focal plane and that depth of focus is limited only by measurement noise and/or detector dynamic range. Furthermore, the model presented is suitable for the quantitative study of polarimetric coherent microscopy systems operating within the first Born approximation.
Anti-thrombotic properties of a CD31-derived peptide coated on a surface (2016)

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Adapting MRI systems to propel and guide microdevices in the human blood circulatory system (2005)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are widely used to gather noninvasively images of the interior of the human body. This paper suggests that an MRI system can be seen beyond being just a tool for imaging purpose but one that can propel and guide special microdevices in the human body to perform specific medical tasks. More specifically, an MRI system can potentially be used to image the region of interest, propel a microdevice through the generation of magnetic gradients, determine the location of the device, compute the corrective actions through feedback control algorithms and adjust the generation of the magnetic gradients accordingly to navigate such a microdevice in a preplanned path. This paper presents an introductory description of the proposed techniques, the main issues to consider, and some preliminary data indicating the validity of this approach.
Method of forming three-dimensional semiconductor structures (1990)

Silicon and metal are coevaporated onto a silicon substrate in a molecular beam epitaxy system with a larger than stoichiometric amount of silicon so as to epitaxially grow columns of metal silicide embedded in a matrix of single crystal, epitaxially grown silicon. Higher substrate temperatures and lower deposition rates yield larger columns that are farther apart while more silicon produces smaller columns. Column shapes and locations are selected by seeding the substrate with metal silicide starting regions. A variety of three-dimensional, exemplary electronic devices are disclosed.
MDA-9/syntenin is a key regulator of glioma pathogenesis (2013)

Our findings indicate that MDA-9/syntenin is a novel and important mediator of invasion in GBM and a key regulator of pathogenesis, and we identify it as a potential target for anti-invasive treatment in human astrocytoma.
Succinctly summarizing machine usage via multi-subspace clustering of multi-sensor data (2015)

Modern industrial equipments of all kinds are instrumented with a large number of sensors that continuously transmit their readings wirelessly, giving rise to what is often referred to as the `industrial internet'. Such data are often explored by engineers to determine the different usage patterns and behavior of similar machines. In this paper we describe a technique to automatically summarize the usage and behavioral patterns of a collection of similar machines by a small set of rules that nevertheless cover a large fraction of the observed data. We characterize the usage and behavior of a machine over a day, by a collection of single-sensor histograms; thus each day is a point in a high-dimensional space. We first cluster days according to each sensor separately and then combine the clusters using communities in a specially constructed graph that considers common days within clusters of different sensors. In the process some clusters of a single sensor get merged. Finally, we discover rules, each comprising of memberships in clusters of possibly different sensors. Thus, we use the term multi-subspace clustering to describe such a collection of cluster-based rules. Last but not the least, we attempt to cover a large fraction of observed days with a small number of such rules. We present empirical results on voluminous (100s of GBs) real-life sensor data and also compare our technique with related work in subspace clustering and histogram summarization.
Improvement of Upland Cotton Fiber Quality through Mutation of TAM 94L‐25 (2013)

ABSTRACT The United States produces approximately 18 million 218‐kg bales of cotton ( Gossypium spp.) annually. The global market places value on longer fibers, mandating that breeders develop cultivars to meet this demand. Mutation has not been used extensively in upland cotton breeding for improving fiber quality traits. The objective of this study was to determine if treating cotton seeds of a genotype that produces longer fibers than most U.S. upland cotton cultivars with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) could result in mutant lines with exceptional fiber quality. TAM 94L‐25 (94L‐25) (Smith, 2003) (PI 631440) seeds were treated in 2001 with EMS at three times the least dosage to kill 50% of the seeds (LD 50 ) . Thirty mutation (M) lines of 94L‐25, derived as M 3:4 progeny rows, 94L‐25 M 0, and two check cultivars, FM 832 (Constable et al., 2001) (Plant Variety Protection [PVP] 9800258 or PI 603955) and PSC 355 (PI 612974), were grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications at College Station, TX (CS), and Weslaco, TX (W), in 2008 and 2009. High volume instrument (HVI) fiber properties were determined from hand harvested boll samples. Four M lines exceeded the lint yield of the M 0 parent during both years. Fourteen M lines produced longer fibers than the M 0 parent and both commercial checks while several M lines exhibited improved strength in 2008 but not in 2009. Treatment of 94L‐25 with the chemical mutagenic agent EMS was successful in producing selectable variation for yield and fiber traits simultaneously.
Back to the Future (2017)

The availability of reliable predictions for cellular throughput would offer a fundamental change in the way applications are designed and operated. Numerous cellular applications, including video streaming and VoIP, embed logic that attempts to estimate achievable throughput and adapt their behaviour accordingly. We believe that providing applications with reliable predictions several seconds into the future would enable profoundly better adaptation decisions and dramatically benefit demanding applications like mobile virtual and augmented reality. The question we pose and seek to address is whether such reliable predictions are possible. We conduct a preliminary study of throughput prediction in a cellular environment using statistical machine learning techniques. An accurate prediction can be very challenging in large scale cellular environments because they are characterized by highly fluctuating channel conditions. Using simulations and real-world experiments, we study how prediction error varies as a function of prediction horizon, and granularity of available data. In particular, our simulation experiments show that the prediction error for mobile devices can be reduced significantly by combining measurements from the network with measurements from the end device. Our results indicate that it is possible to accurately predict achievable throughput up to 8 sec in the future where 50th percentile of all errors are less than 15% for mobile and 2% for static devices.
High-Range Angular Rate Sensor Based on Mechanical Frequency Modulation (2012)

We report, for the first time, an angular rate sensor based on mechanical frequency modulation (FM) of the input rotation rate. This approach tracks the resonant frequency split between two X - Y symmetric high-Q mechanical modes of vibration in a microelectromechanical systems Coriolis vibratory gyroscope to produce a frequency-based measurement of the input angular rate. The system is enabled by a combination of a MEMS vibratory high-Q gyroscope and a new signal processing scheme which takes advantage of a previously ignored gyroscope dynamic effect. A real-time implementation of the quasi-digital angular rate sensor was realized using two digital phase-locked loops and experimentally verified using a silicon MEMS quadruple mass gyroscope (QMG). Structural characterization of a vacuum- packaged QMG showed Q factors on the order of one million over a wide temperature range from -40 °C to +100°C with a relative x/y mismatch of Q of 1 %. Temperature characterization of the FM rate sensor exhibited less than 0.2% variation of the angular rate response between 25°C and 70 °C environments, enabled by the self-calibrating differential frequency detection. High-speed rate table characterization of the FM angular rate sensor demonstrated a linear range of 18 000 deg/s (50 r/s, limited by the setup) with a dynamic range of 128 dB. Interchangeable operation of the QMG transducer in conventional amplitude- modulated and new FM regimes provides a 156-dB dynamic range.
Peripheral optical errors and their change with accommodation differ between emmetropic and myopic eyes (2009)

The progression of myopia is thought to be controlled by the retinal image quality, but its triggering factors are not yet well known. The differences between the peripheral optics in emmetropic and myopic eyes might explain why some eyes become myopic. The present study further investigates peripheral optical quality and how it is affected by accommodation. The refraction and aberrations of the right eyes of five emmetropes and five myopes were measured using a laboratory Hartmann-Shack wave front sensor, specially designed for peripheral measurements with an open field of view. The off-axis optical quality was assessed in steps of 10 degrees out to +/-40 degrees horizontally and +/-20 degrees vertically for two different states of accommodation (targets at 0.5 D and 4.0 D). As expected, the emmetropes had a higher relative peripheral myopia, that is, more positive c(2)(0) coefficient, than the myopes. The new results of this study are that this well-known difference was found to be asymmetric over the visual field and that it increased with accommodation. This increase was because the relative peripheral defocus profile of the myopes did not show a consistent change between far and near vision, whereas the emmetropes became relatively more myopic in the periphery with accommodation. These findings may indicate a difference between emmetropic and myopic eyes that could be an important clue to understand myopia progression.