gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous overexpression of NT-3 increases sensory and sympathetic neuron number and enhances touch dome and hair follicle innervation. (1996)

Target-derived influences of nerve growth factor on neuronal survival and differentiation are well documented, though effects of other neurotrophins are less clear. To examine the influence of NT-3 neurotrophin overexpression in a target tissue of sensory and sympathetic neurons, transgenic mice were isolated that overexpress NT-3 in the epidermis. Overexpression of NT-3 led to a 42% increase in the number of dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons, a 70% increase in the number of trigeminal sensory neurons, and a 32% increase in sympathetic neurons. Elevated NT-3 also caused enlargement of touch dome mechanoreceptor units, sensory end organs innervated by slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) neurons. The enlarged touch dome units of the transgenics had an increased number of associated Merkel cells, cells at which SA1s terminate. An additional alteration of skin innervation in NT-3 transgenics was an increased density of myelinated circular endings associated with the piloneural complex. The enhancement of innervation to the skin was accompanied by a doubling in the number of sensory neurons expressing trkC. In addition, measures of nerve fibers in cross-sectional profiles of cutaneous saphenous nerves of transgenics showed a 60% increase in myelinated fibers. These results indicate that in vivo overexpression of NT-3 by the epidermis enhances the number of sensory and sympathetic neurons and the development of selected sensory endings of the skin.
Discovery and engineering of low work function perovskite materials (2021)

High throughput DFT simulations yield 7 low work function perovskites as promising cathode materials.
Building blocks for Slicing in Segment Routing Network (2019)

This document describes how to build network slice using the Segment
Routing based technology. It explains how the existing building blocks
specified for the Segment Routing can be used for this purpose.
Construction and Characterization of Direct Electron Transfer-Type Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Employing Thermostable Glucose Dehydrogenase Complex (2008)

Abstract We demonstrated a direct electron transfer-type enzyme electrode using thermostable FAD-glucose dehydrogenase (FADGDH) consisting of three distinct subunits (an FAD-containing catalytic subunit, a cytochrome subunit, and a chaperone-like subunit) and its application in developing a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system without a synthetic electron mediator. An FADGDH-immobilized electrode showed current signals according to glucose concentration in the absence of a synthetic electron mediator. The sensor containing the FADGDH complex showed a stable response for 72 h at 37°C. Furthermore, the CGM response was well fitted to the gradient change in the glucose concentration obtained from system calibration.
Explicit data placement (XDP) (1993)

The ability to represent, manipulate and optimize data movement between devices such as processors in a distributed memory machine, or between global memory and processors in a shared memory machine, is crucial in generating efficient code for such machines. In this paper we describe a methodology for representing and manipulating data movement explicitly in a compiler. Our methodology, called Explicit Data Placement (XDP), consists of extensions to the compiler's intermediate program language, as well as run-time structures that allow certain operations to be performed efficiently. We also illustrate one of the unique features of the XDP methodology: the ability to manipulate the run-time transfer of data ownership between processors.
Data from Human Cancers Express TRAILshort, a Dominant Negative TRAIL Splice Variant, Which Impairs Immune Effector Cell Killing of Tumor Cells (2023)

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression by immune cells contributes to antitumor immunity. A naturally occurring splice variant of TRAIL, called TRAILshort, antagonizes TRAIL-dependent cell killing. It is unknown whether tumor cells express TRAILshort and if it impacts antitumor immunity.</p>Experimental Design:<p>We used an unbiased informatics approach to identify TRAILshort expression in primary human cancers, and validated those results with IHC and ISH. TRAILshort-specific mAbs were used to determine the effect of TRAILshort on tumor cell sensitivity to TRAIL, and to immune effector cell dependent killing of autologous primary tumors.</p>Results:<p>As many as 40% of primary human tumors express TRAILshort by both RNA sequencing and IHC analysis. By ISH, TRAILshort expression is present in tumor cells and not bystander cells. TRAILshort inhibition enhances cancer cell lines sensitivity to TRAIL-dependent killing both <i>in vitro</i> and in immunodeficient xenograft mouse models. Immune effector cells isolated from patients with B-cell malignancies killed more autologous tumor cells in the presence compared with the absence of TRAILshort antibody (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p>Conclusions:<p>These results identify TRAILshort in primary human malignancies, and suggest that TRAILshort blockade can augment the effector function of autologous immune effector cells.</p><p><i>See related commentary by de Miguel and Pardo, p. 5546</i></p></div>
Thermochemical production of hydrogen. [four reactions using CuCl, HCl, MgCl/sub 2/, and MgO] (1975)

Hydrogen is produced by reacting cuprous chloride with hydrochloric acid. The reaction may be combined to form a thermochemical closed process for producing hydrogen by a series of four reactions utilizing chlorides of copper and magnesium, hydrochloric acid, and magnesium oxide to break water down into its constituent elements. 4 claims, 1 drawing figure.
Wavelength-Based Sub-Carrier Multiplexing and Grooming for Optical Networks Bandwidth Virtualization (2008)

We demonstrate, for the first time, a novel optical network architecture based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) over WDM via experiments, and its benefits including cost-reduction and service transparency through analysis and simulation.
Mitigation of transverse mode instability with travelling waves in high-power fiber amplifiers (2020)

In this work we present a novel way to mitigate the effect of transverse mode instability in high-power fiber amplifiers. In this technique a travelling wave is induced in the modal interference pattern by seeding the amplifier with two modes that have slightly different frequencies. The interference pattern thus formed will travel up- or downstream the fiber (depending on the sign of the frequency difference between the modes) with a certain speed (that depends on the absolute value of the frequency difference). If the travelling speed is chosen properly, the thermally-induced index grating will follow the travelling modal interference pattern creating a constant phase shift between these two elements. Such a constant controllable phase shift allows for a stable energy transfer from the higher-order modes to the fundamental mode or viceversa. Thus, this technique can be adjusted in such a way that, at the output of the fiber almost all the energy is concentrated in the fundamental mode, regardless of the excitation conditions. Moreover, this technique represents one of the first examples of the new family of mitigation strategies acting upon the phase shift between the modal interference pattern and the refractive index grating. Additionally, it even exploits the effect of transverse mode instability for gaining control over the beam profile at the output of the amplifier. Therefore, by adjusting the frequency difference between the seed modes, it is possible to force that the beam at the output acquires the shape of the fundamental mode or that of a higher order mode.
Explosive Risk and Structural Damage Assessment Code (ERASDAC) (1996)

Abstract : This paper describes the principles behind software developed for the purpose of evaluating siting of facilities where explosives are stored, processed, assembled or handled. The work was funded as a Phase I Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) project that was solicited by the Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) and contracted through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Huntsville Division (USAEHD) which also provided technical review and direction. The objective of the software is to facilitate prediction of blast effects and associated hazards at acceptor buildings due to explosion accidents. The software is entitled Explosives Risk and Structural Damage Assessment Code (ERASDAC). The software operates on three levels. Level 1 provides a quick assessment of several generic types of building components by calculating component damage threshold distances that correlate to the user specified net explosive weight (NEW). Level 2 provides a site-specific and site-wide evaluation of all inhabited buildings for specified donors. At this level, inhabited buildings and donor facilities can be defined by choosing from an extensive library of pre-established buildings which are common to those found on-site or near DoD facilities. Level 3 allows detailed analysis of individual buildings. Here, the user can specify specific details of building structural members for analysis by the software. The ERASDAC software is currently being expanded under a Phase II SBIR to include fragment and debris hazard prediction methods; improved free-field blast prediction methods which will address a variety of donor sources; improved building load prediction methods to address orientation, clearing time, drag effects, shielding, and backside loading; improved structural response algorithms; and relationship between building damage and risk of injury to building occupants.
Composite and component expression score correlations in ER-positive breast cancer. (2010)

641 Background: The similarity of the prognostic performance of different gene expression sets is thought to result from the identification of common tumor phenotypes. Knowledge of the components of composite expression scores provides insight into the relative contributions of biological processes involved and may better inform therapeutic decisions. In this study, we assessed the correlation of a constructed composite Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score (cRS) using the published algorithm with a reported 14-gene Metastasis Score (MS), individual gene and group components of the cRS, as well as a composite score of MS and progesterone receptor (PGR). Methods: We examined the RNA expression profile of 114 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from ER-positive breast cancer cases from University of Muenster. The individual genes of the signatures reported by Paik et al (21-gene recurrence score) and Tutt et al (14-gene metastasis score) were profiled using RT-PCR. The changes in gene expression relative to reference genes were calculated as described for each score. Correlations were estimated by Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. Results: Correlations of gene groups and individual genes with the cRS were determined (ER group [R2 = 0.80], proliferation group [R2 = 0.21], invasion group [R2 = 0.16], HER2 group [R2 = 0.15], CD68 [R2 = 0.02], GSTM1 [R2 = 0.23], and BAG1 [R2 = 0.21]). The ER group was the only component highly correlated to the overall cRS. Individual components of the ER group found to have good correlation to this group score were PGR (R2 = 0.63) and SCUBE2 (R2 = 0.63). Correlation of the MS with the proliferation group of the cRS (R2 = 0.73) was high but correlation with the composite cRS was fair (R2 = 0.27). A composite score including both MS and PGR showed good correlation with the cRS (R2 = 0.63). Conclusions: Progesterone receptor mRNA levels alone contribute significantly to the ER group and the overall constructed Oncotype Dx scores. The 14 gene metastasis score and the proliferation group of cRS are highly correlated. The constructed Oncotype Dx and a composite of the MS and progesterone receptor show good statistical correlation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Celera, European Laboratory Association, Indivicon Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg Celera, Indivicon Diagnostics
Use of Feedback-Resistant Threonine Dehydratases of Corynebacterium glutamicum To Increase Carbon Flux towards l-Isoleucine (1995)

The biosynthesis of l-isoleucine proceeds via a highly regulated reaction sequence connected with l-lysine and l-threonine synthesis. Using defined genetic Corynebacterium glutamicum strains characterized by different fluxes through the homoserine dehydrogenase reaction, we analyzed the influence of four different ilvA alleles (encoding threonine dehydratase) in vectors with two different copy numbers on the total flux towards l-isoleucine. For this purpose, 18 different strains were constructed and analyzed. The result was that unlike ilvA in vectors with low copy numbers, ilvA in high-copy-number vectors increased the final l-isoleucine yield by about 20%. An additional 40% increase in l-isoleucine yield was obtained by the use of ilvA alleles encoding feedback-resistant threonine dehydratases. The strain with the highest yield was characterized by three hom(Fbr) copies encoding feedback-resistant homoserine dehydrogenase and ilvA(Fbr) encoding feedback-resistant threonine dehydratase on a multicopy plasmid. It accumulated 96 mM l-isoleucine, without any l-threonine as a by-product. The highest specific productivity was 0.052 g of l-isoleucine per g of biomass per h. This comparative flux analysis of isogenic strains showed that high levels of l-isoleucine formation from glucose can be achieved by the appropriate balance of homoserine dehydrogenase and threonine dehydratase activities in a strain background with feedback-resistant aspartate kinase. However, still-unknown limitations are present within the entire reaction sequence.
Stabilization of Regenerating-Mode Operation in Sensorless Induction Motor Drives by Full-Order Flux Observer Design (2004)

This paper deals with the full-order flux observer design for speed-sensorless induction motor drives. An unstable region encountered in the regenerating mode at low speeds is well known. To remedy the problem, a modified speed-adaptation law is proposed. Instead of using only the current estimation error perpendicular to the estimated flux, the parallel component is also exploited in the regenerating mode. Using current estimation error loci in steady state, a linearized model, simulations, and experiments, it is shown that the observer using the proposed speed-adaptation law does not have the unstable region. It is also shown that the effect of erroneous parameter estimates on the accuracy of the observer is comparatively small.
Multi-color fluorescence enhancement from a photonics crystal surface (2010)

A photonic crystal substrate exhibiting resonant enhancement of multiple fluorophores has been demonstrated. The device, fabricated uniformly from plastic materials over a ~3×5 in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> surface area by nanoreplica molding, utilizes two distinct resonant modes to enhance electric field stimulation of a dye excited by a λ = 632.8 nm laser (cyanine-5) and a dye excited by a λ = 532 nm laser (cyanine-3). Resonant coupling of the laser excitation to the photonic crystal surface is obtained for each wavelength at a distinct incident angle. Compared to detection of a dye-labeled protein on an ordinary glass surface, the photonic crystal surface exhibited a 32× increase in fluorescent signal intensity for cyanine-5 conjugated strepavidin labeling, while a 25× increase was obtained for cyanine-3 conjugated streptavidin labeling. The photonic crystal is capable of amplifying the output of any fluorescent dye with an excitation wavelength in the 532 nm <; λ <; 633 nm range by selection of an appropriate incident angle. The device is designed for biological assays that utilize multiple fluorescent dyes within a single imaged area, such as gene expression microarrays.
A novel phase-shift-based amplitude detector for a high-speed atomic force microscope (2018)

In any atomic force microscope operated in amplitude modulation mode, <i>aka</i> "tapping mode" or "oscillating mode," the most crucial operation is the detection of the cantilever oscillation amplitude. Indeed, it is the change in the cantilever oscillation amplitude that drives the feedback loop, and thus, the accuracy and speed of amplitude detection are of utmost importance for improved atomic force microscopy operation. This becomes even more crucial for the operation of a high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM), where feedback operation on a single or a low number of cantilever oscillation cycles between 500 kHz and 1000 kHz oscillation frequency is desired. So far, the amplitude detection was performed by Fourier analysis of each oscillation, resulting in a single output amplitude value at the end of each oscillation cycle, i.e., 360° phase delay. Here, we present a novel analog amplitude detection circuit with theoretic continuous amplitude detection at 90° phase delay. In factual operation, when exposed to an abrupt amplitude change, our novel amplitude detector circuit reacted with a phase delay of ∼138° compared with the phase delay of ∼682° achieved by the Fourier analysis method. Integrated to a HS-AFM, the novel amplitude detector should allow faster image acquisition with lower invasiveness due to the faster and more accurate detection of cantilever oscillation amplitude change.
Cannabinoids inhibit zebra mussel (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) byssal attachment: a potentially green antifouling technology (2008)

Macrofouling by zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) has serious environmental, economic and legal consequences for freshwater shipping and raw water facilities. Current antifouling technologies, such as organometallics or aggressive oxidisers, have negative environmental impacts limiting their application. As part of an effort to discover antifoulants with a reduced environmental footprint, the endocannabinoid, anandamide and nine other compounds sharing structural or functional features were tested for their ability to inhibit zebra mussel byssal attachment. A byssal attachment bioassay identified six efficacious compounds; four compounds also had no negative impact on mussels at concentrations maximally inhibiting byssal attachment and three of them had no significant cumulative toxicity towards a non-target organism, Daphnia magna. This discovery demonstrates that both naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoids can serve as non-toxic efficacious zebra mussel antifoulants. Applications with this technology may lead to a new genre of cleaner antifoulants, because the strategy is to prevent attachment rather than to poison mussels.
Fundamentals of three-terminal tandem solar cells: a comprehensive taxonomy (2020)

Three-terminal tandem (3TT) solar cells can overcome some of the limitations of two- and four-terminal tandem designs. However, the coupled nature of the cells adds a degree of complexity to the devices themselves and the ways that their performance can be measured and reported. To facilitate understanding, we have developed a taxonomy which encompasses all types of 3TT devices, enabling a common nomenclature for discussing devices and performance. Once the physical devices, contact nodes, and loading circuitry have been self-consistently described, it becomes apparent that a wide range of 3TT devices share a common set of design and operating principles.
Enhancing DNA Vaccine Potency by Combining a Strategy to Prolong Dendritic Cell Life and Intracellular Targeting Strategies with a Strategy to Boost CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells (2007)

Intradermal administration of DNA vaccines, using a gene gun, represents an effective means of delivering DNA directly into professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the skin and thus allows the application of strategies to modify the properties of APCs to enhance DNA vaccine potency. In the current study, we hypothesized that the potency of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7 DNA vaccines employing intracellular targeting strategies combined with a strategy to prolong the life of dendritic cells (DCs) could be further enhanced by the addition of a DNA vaccine capable of generating high numbers of pan-HLA-DR reactive epitope (PADRE)-specific CD4(+) T cells. We observed that the addition of PADRE DNA to E7 DNA vaccines employing intracellular targeting strategies with a strategy to prolong the life of DCs led to significant enhancement of E7-specific CD8(+) effector and memory T cells as well as significantly improved therapeutic effects against established E7-expressing tumors in tumor-challenged mice. Our data suggest that the potency of a DNA vaccine combining an intracellular targeting strategy as well as a strategy to prolong the life of DCs can be further enhanced by addition of DNA that is capable of generating high numbers of PADRE-specific CD4(+) T cells.
Extremely high-Q tunable inductor for Si-based RF integrated circuit applications (2002)

A novel tunable inductor with an extremely high Q is described. The inductor consists of coupled RF and drive coils, which employs phase shifting of the mutual components and demonstrates measured results of over 100% inductance tuning and a significant decrease in resistive losses resulting in a measured Q of about 2000.
Characteristics of Two Lines of Guinea Pigs (BHS and BHR) Differing in Bronchial Sensitivity to Acetylcholine and Histamine Exposure (1991)

In a previous study, we reported that as model animals to be used in the study of bronchial asthma in humans, two lines of guinea pigs were developed by ourselves: bronchial hypersensitive line (BHS) and bronchial hyposensitive line (BHR) as a control. Studies on biological characteristics in guinea pigs of two lines were undertaken, and the following results were obtained. 1) Airway resistance of guinea pigs of the two lines to intravenously administered acetylcholine, histamine and leukotriene D4 was found to be different between BHS and BHR. Airway resistance of BHS to the chemicals was increased compared with those of BHR. 2) The number of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in lung membrane preparation and its affinity increased significantly in BHS compared with those of BHR. In beta-adrenergic and histamine H1 receptors, there was observed no difference between BHS and BHR. 3) No difference in IgE antibody production to ovalbumin was observed between BHS and BHR. 4) When total leukocytes and differential leukocyte count (percentage, %) in peripheral blood of BHS and BHR were examined, relative percentage of lymphocytes and eosinophils was significantly higher in BHS than in BHR, while percentage of neutrophils was significantly lower in the former than in the latter.
Quantum key distribution network for multiple applications (2017)

The fundamental architecture and functions of secure key management in a quantum key distribution (QKD) network with enhanced universal interfaces for smooth key sharing between arbitrary two nodes and enabling multiple secure communication applications are proposed. The proposed architecture consists of three layers: a quantum layer, key management layer and key supply layer. We explain the functions of each layer, the key formats in each layer and the key lifecycle for enabling a practical QKD network. A quantum key distribution-advanced encryption standard (QKD-AES) hybrid system and an encrypted smartphone system were developed as secure communication applications on our QKD network. The validity and usefulness of these systems were demonstrated on the Tokyo QKD Network testbed.