gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High quality La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ gate dielectrics with equivalent oxide thickness 5-10 Å (2002)

High quality La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ are fabricated with EOT of 4.8 and 9.6 /spl Aring/, leakage current of 0.06 and 0.4 A/cm/sup -2/ and D/sub it/ of both 3/spl times/10/sup 10/ eV/sup -1//cm/sup 2/, respectively. The high K is further evidenced from high MOSFET's I/sub d/ and g/sub m/ with low I/sub OFF/. Good SILC and Q/sub BD/ are obtained and comparable with SiO/sub 2/. The low EOT is due to the high thermodynamic stability in contact with Si and stable after H/sub 2/ annealing up to 550/spl deg/C.
Raltegravir: first in class HIV integrase inhibitor (2008)

On October 16, 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved raltegravir for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents in treatment-experienced adult patients who have evidence of viral replication and HIV-1 strains resistant to multiple antiretroviral agents. Raltegravir is first in a novel class of antiretroviral drugs known as integrase inhibitors. It has demonstrated potent anti HIV activity in both antiretroviral treatment-naïve and experienced patients. The most common adverse events reported with raltegravir during phase 2 and 3 clinical trials were diarrhea, nausea, and headache. Laboratory abnormalities include mild elevations in liver transaminases and creatine phosphokinase.
Metabolic syndrome: identifying the risk factors (2007)

The metabolic syndrome is being diagnosed with ever greater frequency, principally during adolescence. Lifestyle changes, such as to diet and level of physical activity are fundamental to prevention. Treatment with medication and, in extreme cases, with surgery should also be considered, depending on severity and age.
Tissue reconstitution models of breast cancer. (1993)

Oncogenes have been expressed in mammary epithelium by reconstituting epithelium in vivo from mammary cells. Genetically manipulated primary cultures are transplanted into a mammary fat pad from which the natural epithelium has been removed, where they reform an epithelium in which a few cells express the oncogene. Genes can be expressed in other tissues in a similar way. A wide variety of oncogenes have a clearly observable effect on the pattern of growth of mammary epithelium. Expression of individual oncogenes usually produces stable, characteristic patterns of abnormal growth that can be regarded as preneoplastic states. Different oncogenes produce a very diverse variety of such growth patterns, by altering branching pattern, inducing formation of alveoli, causing epithelium to multilayer and/or altering hormone dependence. Myc and wnt1 seem to enable cells to overgrow neighbouring normal cells, suggesting that they promote clonal expansion, whereas others give focal lesions. Oncogene co-operation can be studied by introducing further oncogenes into preneoplastic epithelium, for example the introduction of ras into epithelium that already expresses activated myc gives tumours. The effects of both neu/c-erbB2 and myc on mouse mammary epithelium may mimic events in human breast, encouraging the hope that this will prove a way to model human breast cancer. The tissue reconstitution approach promises to reconstruct tumour development in more detail than the transgenic systems are able to, showing the development of focal lesions, the restraining effects of normal on transformed cells and the expansion of clones of hyperplastic cells at the expense of their normal neighbours.
Electron-hole bilayer tunnel FET for steep subthreshold swing and improved ON current (2011)

We propose a novel Tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) concept called the electron-hole bilayer TFET (EHBTFET). This device exploits the carrier tunneling through a bias-induced electron-hole bilayer in order to achieve improved switching and higher drive currents when compared to a lateral p-i-n junction TFET. The device principle and performances are studied by 2D numerical simulations. Output and transfer characteristics, as well as the impact of back gate bias, silicon thickness and gate length on the device behavior are evaluated. Near ideal average subthreshold slope (SS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AVG</sub> ~ 12 mV/dec over 6 decades of current) and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> >; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> = V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> = 0.5 V figures of merit are obtained, due to the OFF-ON binary transition which leads to the abrupt onset of the band-to-band tunneling inside the silicon channel. Drive current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ) in the EHBTFET is 3× higher that in traditional all-Si Tunnel FET but below 0.1 μA/μm.
Suppression of neuropeptide production by quercetin in allergic rhinitis model rats (2016)

The present results strongly suggested that quercetin will be a good candidate for the supplement on the management and treatment of allergic diseases, especially AR.
Counteraction by combined treatment with high dose of oestrogen and somatostatin of mammary growth suppression in mice. (1992)

The interaction between somatostatin (SMS) and high doses of oestrogen on mammary gland growth was examined in C3H/He virgin mice. Mammary gland growth was significantly suppressed by the subcutaneous implantation of pellets of oestradiol benzoate diluted to 1/1000 or 1/500 or by injection twice daily of 50ng SMS 201-995 between 25 and 55 days of age. However, the mammary gland growth of mice receiving SMS and oestrogen in combination was markedly stimulated compared to that of mice given the respective agents. These results indicate that the inhibitory effects of somatostatin and oestrogen on mammary growth were apparently counteracted by the treatment in combination.
Sliding Mode Control for Attitude Tracking of Thruster-Controlled Spacecraft (2000)

Nonlinear pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled system is considered to achieve control performance of thruster - controlled spacecraft. The actual PWM controlled motions occur, very closely, around the average model trajectory. Furthermore nonlinear PWM controller design can be directly applied to thruster controlled spacecraft to determine thruster on-time. Sliding mode control for attitude tracking of three-axis thruster-controlled spacecraft is presented. Simulation results are shown which use modified Rodrigues parameters and sliding mode control law to achieve attitude tracking of a three-axis spacecraft with thrusters.
Sex Steroids in Plasma and Reproductive Tissues of the Female Guinea Pig (1980)

Progesterone and estradiol-17β concentrations were determined in peripheral plasma, uterine, ovarian and placental tissues in nonpregnant (diestrous) and pregnant (mid- and fullterm) guinea pigs. Plasma progesterone concentration increased 56-fold at midterm but decreased at term to 28-fold of that in the diestrous animals. Although plasma estradiol increased during pregnancy, the changes compared with progesterone were minor. There was no significant change in uterine progesterone concentration during pregnancy. Uterine estradiol concentrations nearly doubled at midpregnancy but decreased again at term to a value similar to that at diestrous. In the nonpregnant animals, the progesterone concentrations in ovaries containing corpora lutes were not significantly different than those in the pregnant animals and these concentrations were ∼4 times greater than those in ovaries without corpora lutea. Ovarian estradiol concentration in diestrous animals was ∼10 times that of the uterine concentration. It increased 5-fold at midterm and 15-fold at term. Placental progesterone and estradiol concentrations were much lower than the ovarian concentrations of these steroids. The placental estradiol concentration was even lower than the uterine estradiol concentration whereas in the case of progesterone, the concentrations were 2–3 times higher in the placenta than in the uterus. The very low levels of progesterone in guinea pig uterus and placenta might be explained by the secretion in the plasma of progesterone binding globulin. However, the reason for the concentration of ovarian progesterone remaining very high is not clear.
Wnk1 kinase deficiency lowers blood pressure in mice: A gene-trap screen to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention (2003)

The availability of both the mouse and human genome sequences allows for the systematic discovery of human gene function through the use of the mouse as a model system. To accelerate the genetic determination of gene function, we have developed a sequence-tagged gene-trap library of >270,000 mouse embryonic stem cell clones representing mutations in approximately 60% of mammalian genes. Through the generation and phenotypic analysis of knockout mice from this resource, we are undertaking a functional screen to identify genes regulating physiological parameters such as blood pressure. As part of this screen, mice deficient for the Wnk1 kinase gene were generated and analyzed. Genetic studies in humans have shown that large intronic deletions in WNK1 lead to its overexpression and are responsible for pseudohypoaldosteronism type II, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypertension, increased renal salt reabsorption, and impaired K+ and H+ excretion. Consistent with the human genetic studies, Wnk1 heterozygous mice displayed a significant decrease in blood pressure. Mice homozygous for the Wnk1 mutation died during embryonic development before day 13 of gestation. These results demonstrate that Wnk1 is a regulator of blood pressure critical for development and illustrate the utility of a functional screen driven by a sequence-based mutagenesis approach.
Isolation and characterization of the first simian immunodeficiency virus from a feral sooty mangabey (<i>Cercocebus atys</i>) in West Africa (1995)

The lineage of HIV-2-like viruses was studied in feral sooty mangabeys (SMs) by serological and genetic methods. Four feral sooty mangabeys were positive for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antibodies and a new isolate, SIVsmSL92a, was obtained. Genetic analysis of gag genes showed that SIVsmSL92a was highly diverse and a distinct sequence subtype within the SIV sm/HIV-2 family. The results showed that SIVsm is the most diverse group of SIVs found thus far in a single monkey species.
Formation of the tetraploid intermediate is associated with the development of cells with more than four centrioles in the elastase-simian virus 40 tumor antigen transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. (1991)

The development of pancreatic cancer in transgenic mice expressing the simian virus 40 tumor antigen placed under controlling regions of the elastase I gene is characterized by the sequential appearance of tetraploid and then multiple aneuploid cell populations. Pancreatic tissues from such transgenic mice were studied between 8 and 32 days of age. Virtually 100% of acinar cell nuclei had immunohistochemically detectable tumor antigen by 18 days. Tetraploid cells were demonstrated by DNA content flow cytometry by 20 days and were associated with the appearance of interphase cells that had 5-11 centrioles per cell in single thin sections of pancreatic tissue examined by electron microscopy. Mitotic cells also were observed that had 5 or more centrioles per cell that were incorporated into the poles of bipolar or at least tripolar spindle apparatuses. These observations indicate that formation of the tetraploid intermediate in the diploid----tetraploid----aneuploid sequence of pancreatic tumor formation in elastase-simian virus 40 tumor antigen transgenic mice is accompanied by the development of cells with 5 or more centrioles that can be incorporated into the poles of abnormal mitotic spindles. We speculate that cells with more than 4 centrioles are predisposed to the formation of multipolar mitoses that may yield daughter cells with chromosomal gains and losses, resulting in the subsequent development of aneuploid tumors.
The Sexual Assault and Secondary Victimization of Female Veterans: Help-Seeking Experiences with Military and Civilian Social Systems (2005)

A sample of predominantly low-income, African American female veterans and reservists seeking health care in a Veterans' Administration medical clinic was screened for a history of sexual assault since age 18. Overall, 39% had been sexually assaulted in adulthood. Those who had been sexually victimized were asked to describe one assault incident in detail: 38% described an assault that occurred during military service and 62% described one that occurred before or after military service. This study also examined victims' postassault help-seeking experiences and the degree to which they encountered “secondary victimization” (i.e., victim-blaming behaviors and practices engaged in by legal and medical personnel, which exacerbates victims' trauma). Most victims who sought help from the legal or medical systems (military or civilian) reported that this contact made them feel guilty, depressed, anxious, distrustful of others, and reluctant to seek further help. Secondary victimization was significantly positively correlated with posttraumatic stress symptomatology.
Evaluation of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Building Wall Elements (2000)

The paper is concerned with the evaluation and comparison of the thermal performance of different wall elements as typically used in the construction of buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The investigation is carried out under steady periodic conditions and for the climatic data of the city of Riyadh. A numerical model based on the finite-volume and implicit procedure is developed for the computation of the time-dependent and nonlinear temperature variations through composite layers. The model is validated against an exact analytical solution for a simplified problem. The detailed and overall heat transfer characteristics of four commercial wall structures are determined during representative days for the months of July and January. The effect of wall orientation; namely, north, south, east and west on the thermal performance is also studied. The R-values under dynamic conditions are established which include, implicitly, the effect of wall energy storage, solar insolation, wall orientation, season and radiation exchange along with the nominal thermal resistance parameters.
Demonstration of a multiview projection display using decentered microlens arrays (2010)

In this work we present a prototype multiview projection display that combines high-spatial and high-angular resolution with low complexity, compact form factor and potentially low-cost design. The system consists of a single projector and an image steering projection screen. It is based on beam steering using decentered microlens arrays in the projection screen and time-sequential rear-projection of the view images. The prototype has a 25 in. screen, a total of 27 viewing zones with XGA resolution and a horizontal field of view of 30°.
Detection of Upper Gastrointestinal Blood With Fecal Occult Blood Tests (1999)

Inasmuch as many upper GI tract lesions have been reported to bleed small quantities of blood such as that studied here, and this amount of blood is readily detected with widely used guaiac-based FOB tests including Hemoccult II SENSA, the data emphasize that caution is warranted before attributing positive guaiac tests only to sites in the lower GI tract. The data raise the possibility that a combination of a highly sensitive guaiac-based FOB test plus an immunochemical could help differentiate occult upper from lower GI bleeding.
Using cereal grain permittivity for sensing moisture content (2000)

A brief history of cereal grain moisture measurement by sensing the electrical properties of grain is presented. The basic principles are also described for using radio-frequency (RF) and microwave dielectric properties, or permittivity, of grain for sensing moisture through their correlation with moisture content. The development of density-independent functions of the permittivity is explained. The findings of recent research are summarized, which indicate that reliable density-independent moisture content determinations can be realized by measurements on grain at RF and microwave frequencies. Development of these techniques will provide useful instruments for on-line monitoring of moisture content in flowing grain to manage moisture in grain, prevent spoilage in storage and transport, improve processing, and provide information important for yield determinations in precision agriculture applications.
Strategies toward single-donor islets of Langerhans transplantation (2011)

If single-donor islet transplantation can be achieved routinely, therapy will become more widely available, more accepted by the transplant community (currently pancreas transplantation requires only a single donor), and this situation will have a major impact overall as an effective treatment option in T1DM.
Evolution of Polymer Tantalum Capacitors (2021)

The major advantage of Polymer Tantalum capacitors over other types of tantalum capacitors is their low equivalent series resistance (ESR), providing a higher capacitance stability with frequency and ripple current capability. When Polymer Tantalum capacitors were introduced to the market in mid 1990s, they were low voltage, leaky, and unreliable, which limited their applications to commercial electronics. Today, some types of polymer tantalum capacitors demonstrate the highest working voltage, lowest DC leakage, and highest reliability ever achieved in tantalum capacitors. These Polymer Tantalum capacitors combine outstanding performance and reliability with superior volumetric charge efficiency, which makes them cost effective and attractive for numerous applications, including mission critical ones. This paper is dedicated to the major technological breakthroughs and scientific discoveries that enabled the radical evolution of Polymer Tantalum capacitors.
Gene expression profiling of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma supervised by CD21 expression (2008)

This study investigated the gene expression profiles of 40 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) according to CD21 expression, a favourable prognostic factor in DLBCL. Signature genes were analysed by Gene Ontology Tree Machine, and genes concerned with the immune system and related categories were significantly upregulated in CD21- DLBCLs. Of 40 DLBCLs, four were germinal centre B cell-like (GCB) and 36 non-GCB. Of the 36 non-GCB DLBCLs, 14 CD21+ DLBCLs showed significantly better overall survival than the 22 CD21- DLBCLs (P = 0.036). Hierarchical cluster analysis of signature genes related to CD21 was applied to previously published data sets, resulting in two groups for each data set, CD21+ type DLBCLs and CD21- type DLBCLs. Survival of CD21+ type DLBCLs was significantly better than that of CD21- type (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004, respectively). In both data sets, CD21+ type DLBCLs predominantly included GCB DLBCLs compared with CD21- type. The top classifier gene of CD21 expression was IGHM, and the five of nine Gene Ontology categories significant in CD21- DLBCLs included IGHM. Immunohistochemical analysis of 216 DLBCLs confirmed that overall survival of surface (s) IgM+ DLBCLs was significantly poorer than that of sIgM- DLBCLs (P = 0.013).
Passive Wireless Strain Monitoring of Tire Using Capacitance Change with Tuning Circuit (2005)

Reliability of automobiles is increasingly demanded. To prevent burst of tires, smart tires are currently under development. Most of the smart tires have integrated or attached sensors to measure deformation or internal pressure of tires during a long period of service. The embedded sensor enables highly precise measurement of road surface friction, and the precise friction measurements make more efficient anti-lock braking system (ABS). In a previous study, the authors proposed a new wireless strain monitoring method that adopts the tire itself as a sensor, with an oscillator circuit. This method is very simple and useful, but it requires a battery to activate the oscillator circuit. In the present study, the previous method for wireless tire monitoring is improved to produce a passive wireless sensor. A specimen made from a commercially available tire is connected to a tuning circuit comprising an inductance and a capacitance as a condenser. The proposed method enables us to measure an applied strain of a specimen wirelessly, without any power supply from outside. This new passive wireless method is applied to a specimen and an applied strain is measured. As a result, the method is experimentally proved to be effective for the passive wireless strain monitoring of tires.
Improvement Particle Size Fineness of Corn Flour by Addition of Papain Enzyme and Its Effects to Their Hardness, Morphology and Pasting Properties (2013)

This study aims to improve on fineness of corn flour particle size by addition of papain enzyme and study the phenomenon of papain enzyme addition for the difference effects to their hardness, morphology and pasting properties. Hardness measurement and protein content analysis results of the two varieties of corn grits resulted from degermination show that incubation with papain on corn grits reduced grit hardness and protein content. Grit hardness reduction is due to protein matrix degradation that covers starch granular of horny endosperm. It is identified that local corn grit reduction difference is bigger than that of hybrid corn grits. Observation on morphology grits shows that there are difference in incubation effect with papain on both variety corn grits. First, local corn horny endosperm starch granular size is smaller and more homogeneous (3-7?m) than that of hybrid corn (3-12?m). Second, local corn horny endosperm granular shape is spherical while hybrid corn’s is dominantly polygonal. The association shows that hardness difference on local corn and hybrid corn does not affect directly to corn flour amylograph characteristics produced. Keywords : Corn-flour, hardness, morphology, papain, particle-size