gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerosol Synthesis of Cargo-Filled Graphene Nanosacks (2012)

Water microdroplets containing graphene oxide and a second solute are shown to spontaneously segregate into sack-cargo nanostructures upon drying. Analytical modeling and molecular dynamics suggest the sacks form when slow-diffusing graphene oxide preferentially accumulates and adsorbs at the receding air-water interface, followed by capillary collapse. Cargo-filled graphene nanosacks can be nanomanufactured by a simple, continuous, scalable process and are promising for many applications where nanoscale materials should be isolated from the environment or biological tissue.
Monoamine Oxidase Activity and Monoamine Metabolism in Brains of Parkinsonian Patients Treated with <i>l</i>‐Deprenyl (1986)

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A and type B were measured using kynuramine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) in 20 brain areas. The highest activities were found in the striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra), hypothalamus, and c-mammilare. The ratio of DA to 5-HT deamination varied in the different regions, being in favor of DA in the striatum. With kynuramine as the substrate IC50 values of a number of inhibitors indicated that l-deprenyl was far more potent an inhibitor of human brain MAO than clorgyline or harmaline. N-Desmethylpropargylindane hydrochloride (AGN 1135) was also shown to have MAO-B inhibitory selectivity similar to that of l-deprenyl. Brains obtained at autopsy from l-deprenyl-treated Parkinsonian patients showed that, whereas MAO-B was fully inhibited by the therapeutic doses of l-deprenyl, substantial MAO-A activity was still evident. These results are matched by the significant increases of DA noted in caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, and substantia nigra and the unaltered 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the same regions. These data indicate that the therapeutic actions of l-deprenyl may lie in its selective inhibition of MAO-B resulting in increased brain levels of DA formed from L-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (L-DOPA).
<i>LEUNIG</i> , a putative transcriptional corepressor that regulates <i>AGAMOUS</i> expression during flower development (2000)

Regulation of homeotic gene expression is critical for proper developmental patterns in both animals and plants. LEUNIG is a key regulator of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS. Mutations in LEUNIG cause ectopic AGAMOUS mRNA expression in the outer two whorls of a flower, leading to homeotic transformations of floral organ identity as well as loss of floral organs. We isolated the LEUNIG gene by using a map-based approach and showed that LEUNIG encodes a glutamine-rich protein with seven WD repeats and is similar in motif structure to a class of functionally related transcriptional corepressors including Tup1 from yeast and Groucho from Drosophila. The nuclear localization of LEUNIG-GFP is consistent with a role of LEUNIG as a transcriptional regulator. The detection of LEUNIG mRNA in all floral whorls at the time of their inception suggests that the restricted activity of LEUNIG in the outer two floral whorls must depend on interactions with other spatially restricted factors or on posttranslational regulation. Our finding suggests that both animals and plants use similar repressor proteins to regulate critical developmental processes.
Single-Ion Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> Solid Electrolytes Supported by a Mesoporous Anionic Cu–Azolate Metal–Organic Framework (2017)

A novel Cu(II)-azolate metal-organic framework (MOF) with tubular pores undergoes a reversible single crystal to single crystal transition between neutral and anionic phases upon reaction with stoichiometric amounts of halide or pseudohalide salts. The stoichiometric transformation between the two phases allows loading of record amounts of charge-balancing Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions for MOFs. Whereas the halide/pseudohalide anions are bound to the metal centers and thus stationary, the cations move freely within the one-dimensional pores, giving rise to single-ion solid electrolytes. The respective Li<sup>+</sup>-, Na<sup>+</sup>-, and Mg<sup>2+</sup>-loaded materials exhibit high ionic conductivity values of 4.4 × 10<sup>-5</sup>, 1.8 × 10<sup>-5</sup>, and 8.8 × 10<sup>-7</sup> S/cm. With addition of LiBF<sub>4</sub>, the Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity improves to 4.8 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S/cm. These are the highest values yet observed for MOF solid electrolytes.
STAT3 activation is a critical step in gp130-mediated terminal differentiation and growth arrest of a myeloid cell line. (1996)

Myeloid leukemia M1 cells can be induced for growth arrest and terminal differentiation into macrophages in response to interleukin 6 (IL-6) or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Recently, a large number of cytokines and growth factors have been shown to activate the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. In the case of IL-6 and LIF, which share a signal transducing receptor gp130, STAT3 is specifically tyrosine-phosphorylated and activated by stimulation with each cytokine in various cell types. To know the role of JAK-STAT pathway in M1 differentiation, we have constructed dominant negative forms of STAT3 and established M1 cell lines that constitutively express them. These M1 cells that overexpressed dominant negative forms showed no induction of differentiation-associated markers including Fc gamma receptors, ferritin light chain, and lysozyme after treatment with IL-6. Expression of either c-myb or c-myc was not downregulated. Furthermore, IL-6- and LIF-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis were completely blocked. Thus these findings demonstrate that STAT3 activation is the critical step in a cascade of events that leads to terminal differentiation of M1 cells.
Learning Temporal Sequence Model from Partially Labeled Data (2006)

Graphical models are often used to represent and recognize activities. Purely unsupervised methods (such as HMMs) can be trained automatically but yield models whose internal structure - the nodes - are difficult to interpret semantically. Manually constructed networks typically have nodes corresponding to sub-events, but the programming and training of these networks is tedious and requires extensive domain expertise. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised approach in which a manually structured, Propagation Network (a form of a DBN) is initialized from a small amount of fully annotated data, and then refined by an EM-based learning method in an unsupervised fashion. During node refinement (the M step) a boosting-based algorithm is employed to train the evidence detectors of individual nodes. Experiments on a variety of data types - vision and inertial measurements - in several tasks demonstrate the ability to learn from as little as one fully annotated example accompanied by a small number of positive but non-annotated training examples. The system is applied to both recognition and anomaly detection tasks.
Stabilizing textile preforms by means of liquid resin print: a feasibility study (2014)

This study demonstrates the feasibility of creating stable, preconsolidated, yet permeable preforms for liquid resin infusion (RIFT) manufacture of composite materials. While being one of the cheapest and simplest methods of composites manufacture, RIFT with flexible tooling is known for high risk of dimensional and internal defects due to insufficient consolidation of textile preforms. Achieving the quality of a rigid mold solution, at the cost and simplicity of a flexible mold process, is the principal challenge of the RIFT.The approach presented suggests stabilizing a compliant preform through pointwise and highly controlled integration of a binder, and its consolidation prior to liquid molding. The printed resin creates a stiff skeleton, securing material for resin infusion and curing. This study explores the feasibility and efficiency of novel binding techniques, and the effects it may have on preform properties. Successful implementation of the concept for a multiply woven preform is demonstrated and the concept potential is discussed.
Effect of particle size on gamma radiation shielding property of gadolinium oxide dispersed epoxy resin matrix composite (2017)

Epoxy resin matrix composites filled with dispersed micro and nano gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) particles of different contents were fabricated in this study. The γ radiation shielding and mechanical properties of these micro and nano composites were evaluated by measuring mass attenuation coefficients at photon energies from 31 keV to 356 keV and flexural performances. Adding Gd2O3 obviously increases mass attenuation coefficients of composites, and the enhancement is stronger at low photon energy because of dominating photoelectric effect and k-edge of element gadolinium. Effect of Gd2O3 particle size on shielding property of composite was also discussed. The results show that nano-Gd2O3 composites have better ability to shield X and γ ray than micro-Gd2O3 composites, and an enhanced effect of ~28% is obtained with Gd2O3 content of around 5 wt.% at 59.5 keV. The reason is attributed to higher probability of interaction between γ-ray and nano particles. Especially, this effect is prominent in low particle concentration. For flexural property, nano-Gd2O3/epoxy composite show equivalent flexural strength and up to15% higher flexural modulus compared with micro-Gd2O3/epoxy composite. Based on these experimental results, nano-Gd2O3 reinforced epoxy composite is believed to be a promising novel radiation shielding material.
A new approach to tissue engineering of vascularized skeletal muscle (2006)

Tissue engineering of skeletal muscle in vitro or in vivo holds promise for the treatment of skeletal muscle defects and might once provide an alternative to host muscle transfer.Skeletal muscle tissue engineering is based on the regenerative properties of the satellite cells or myoblasts and their potential for proliferation and differentiation, which can be harvested from adult and neonatal muscle of different species.Successful cultivation of these cells in vitro was established more than nearly two decades ago [1].Cultures of primary satellite cells from myofibers grown in vitro are the preferred source of myoblasts used for Tissue Engineering purposes, since they recapitulate muscle development more precisely than commonly used immortal myogenic cell lines like C2C12 or L6 [2].Studies aiming at the replacement of muscular tissues using tissue engineering methods have only recently started and many investigators have focussed on the creation of functional muscle tissues in vitro [3,4].However despite certain advantages of in vitro studies such as
CGRP enhances induction of NO synthase in vascular smooth muscle cells via a cAMP-dependent mechanism (1994)

Experiments were designed to examine whether calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a potent adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent vasodilator, affects the production of NO evoked by interleukin-1 beta) (IL-1 beta) in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC). CGRP, in a concentration-dependent manner, enhanced the release of nitrite (a stable oxidation product of NO) and the formation of L-citrulline from L-arginine caused by IL-1 beta. Two cAMP-dependent vasodilators, forskolin and isoproterenol, and the activator of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Sp-cAMPS, also enhanced the release of nitrite and the formation of L-citrulline evoked by IL-1 beta. The enhancing effect of isoproterenol required the presence of the vasodilator during the induction of NO synthase (NOS). IL-1 beta-treated vascular SMC inhibited the aggregation of indomethacin-treated platelets. Inhibition of platelet aggregation was more marked with SMC exposed to a combination of IL-1 beta and either CGRP or isoproterenol than with cells exposed to IL-1 beta alone. This inhibition was prevented by methylene blue and oxyhemoglobin. IL-1 beta induced the expression of inducible NOS mRNA in vascular SMC, which was enhanced by coincubation of IL-1 beta with either CGRP, isoproterenol, or forskolin. These observations indicate that CGRP via a cAMP-dependent mechanism potentiates the IL-1-beta-induced production of NO by enhancing the expression of inducible NOS. Therefore CGRP may contribute to the substantial production of NO in the vasculature during septic shock, which accounts, at least in part, for the collapse of the vascular system.
A Golden Boost to an Old Reaction (2006)

Catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitroanisole over Raney nickel for p-aminoanisole synthesis: Intrinsic kinetics studies,
Thin film diamond photodiode for ultraviolet light detection (1996)

A photodiode has been constructed from lightly boron doped, Si supported, thin film chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond which shows over five orders of magnitude discrimination between deep UV (≤220 nm) and visible light. A thin (10 nm) gold Schottky barrier with an associated Ti–Ag–Au ohmic contact was used to create a rectifying device with low (≤2 pA) dark currents when reversed biased. This structure showed a sharp cut off in photoresponse at 220 nm, the band gap energy of diamond. Conversely, a photoconductive device fabricated from similar (nominally undoped) material gave a broader UV photoresponse and displayed high dark currents; the superior performance of the diode structure on fine grain material is discussed.
Modulation of CD4 <sup>+</sup> and CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cell Function and Cytokine Responses in Strongyloides stercoralis Infection by Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and IL-37 (2017)

<i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> infection is associated with diminished antigen-specific Th1- and Th17-associated responses and enhanced Th2-associated responses. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and IL-37 are two known anti-inflammatory cytokines that are highly expressed in <i>S. stercoralis</i> infection. We therefore wanted to examine the role of IL-27 and IL-37 in regulating CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses in <i>S. stercoralis</i> infection. To this end, we examined the frequency of Th1/Tc1, Th2/Tc2, Th9/Tc9, Th17/Tc17, and Th22/Tc22 cells in 15 <i>S. stercoralis</i>-infected individuals and 10 uninfected individuals stimulated with parasite antigen following IL-27 or IL-37 neutralization. We also examined the production of prototypical type 1, type 2, type 9, type 17, and type 22 cytokines in the whole-blood supernatants. Our data reveal that IL-27 or IL-37 neutralization resulted in significantly enhanced frequencies of Th1/Tc1, Th2/Tc2, Th17/Tc17, Th9, and Th22 cells with parasite antigen stimulation. There was no induction of any T cell response in uninfected individuals following parasite antigen stimulation and IL-27 or IL-37 neutralization. Moreover, we also observed increased production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-5, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22 and decreased production of IL-10 following IL-27 and IL-37 neutralization and parasite antigen stimulation in whole-blood cultures. Thus, we demonstrate that IL-27 and IL-37 limit the induction of particular T cell subsets along with cytokine responses in <i>S. stercoralis</i> infections, which suggest the importance of IL-27 and IL-37 in immune modulation in a chronic helminth infection.
In vitro Regeneration in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) (2015)

Four varieties of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), namely BM-1, BM-2, BM-3 and BM-4 of microsperma type were used in in vitro regeneration. Among various explants cotyledonary nodes from BM-2 and BM-4 were found to be the best for multiple shoot formation; decapitated embryos being the second best. Best multiple shoot regeneration was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP, 0.5 mg/l Kn, 0.1 mg/GA3 and 5.5 mg/l tyrosine. Moderate success in root development was achieved on MS supplemented with 25 mg/l IBA.
Abstract and Proportional Myoelectric Control for Multi-Fingered Hand Prostheses (2013)

Powered hand prostheses with many degrees of freedom are moving from research into the market for prosthetics. In order to make use of the prostheses' full functionality, it is essential to study efficient ways of high dimensional myoelectric control. Human subjects can rapidly learn to employ electromyographic (EMG) activity of several hand and arm muscles to control the position of a cursor on a computer screen, even if the muscle-cursor map contradicts directions in which the muscles would act naturally. But can a similar control scheme be translated into real-time operation of a dexterous robotic hand? We found that despite different degrees of freedom in the effector output, the learning process for controlling a robotic hand was surprisingly similar to that for a virtual two-dimensional cursor. Control signals were derived from the EMG in two different ways, with a linear and a Bayesian filter, to test how stable user intentions could be conveyed through them. Our analysis indicates that without visual feedback, control accuracy benefits from filters that reject high EMG amplitudes. In summary, we conclude that findings on myoelectric control principles, studied in abstract, virtual tasks can be transferred to real-life prosthetic applications.
Fibrocytes in health and disease (2012)

Fibrocytes, a group of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells, were first described in 1994 as fibroblast-like, peripheral blood cells that migrate to regions of tissue injury. These cells are unique in their expression of extracellular matrix proteins concomitantly with markers of hematopoietic and monocyte lineage. The involvement of fibrocytes and the specific role they play in the process of wound repair has been a focus of study since their initial description. Fibrocytes contribute to the healing repertoire via several mechanisms; they produce a combination of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to create a milieu favorable for repair to occur; they serve as antigen presenting cells (APCs); they contribute to wound closure; and, they promote angiogenesis. Furthermore, regulatory pathways involving serum amyloid P, leukocyte-specific protein 1, and adenosine A2A receptors have emphasized the significant role that fibrocytes have in wound healing and fibrosis. The therapeutic targeting of fibrocytes holds promise for the augmentation of wound repair and the treatment of different fibrosing disorders.
Disordered speech disrupts conversational entrainment: a study of acoustic-prosodic entrainment and communicative success in populations with communication challenges (2015)

Conversational entrainment, a pervasive communication phenomenon in which dialogue partners adapt their behaviors to align more closely with one another, is considered essential for successful spoken interaction. While well-established in other disciplines, this phenomenon has received limited attention in the field of speech pathology and the study of communication breakdowns in clinical populations. The current study examined acoustic-prosodic entrainment, as well as a measure of communicative success, in three distinctly different dialogue groups: (i) healthy native vs. healthy native speakers (Control), (ii) healthy native vs. foreign-accented speakers (Accented), and (iii) healthy native vs. dysarthric speakers (Disordered). Dialogue group comparisons revealed significant differences in how the groups entrain on particular acoustic-prosodic features, including pitch, intensity, and jitter. Most notably, the Disordered dialogues were characterized by significantly less acoustic-prosodic entrainment than the Control dialogues. Further, a positive relationship between entrainment indices and communicative success was identified. These results suggest that the study of conversational entrainment in speech pathology will have essential implications for both scientific theory and clinical application in this domain.
A Novel Substrate-Integrated Suspended Line Stacked-Patch Antenna Array for WLAN (2018)

A novel stacked-patch antenna based on substrate-integrated suspended line technology is proposed. The antenna is designed to be self-packaged using five substrate layers with embedded air cavities. Via is utilized to connect the antenna driven patch with the feed line, and then resonant frequency at 5.2 GHz is generated. U-shaped slot is etched on the antenna driven patch for impedance matching. In order to further extend the impedance bandwidth, a stacked patch with slant slot is introduced and then another resonant frequency at 6.2 GHz is produced. According to the measured results, the antenna element achieves a fractional bandwidth of 17.5% from 5.2 to 6.2 GHz and gain of 9.7 dBi. Based on the antenna element, the eight-element antenna array with feeding network is presented. The microstrip-slotline balun is introduced in the feeding network to achieve 180° phase difference with equal amplitude so that symmetrical radiation patterns are achieved. Simulation and measurement results for the proposed antenna array are in good agreement. In the frequency band from 5.28 to 6.05 GHz, antenna gain of 16.24 dBi with gain flatness variation of 1.5 dB is achieved. In addition, the front-to-back ratio of the self-packaged antenna array is better than 20 dB.
Reduced Residual Stress Curvature and Branched Comb Fingers Increase Sensitivity of MEMS Acoustic Sensor (2013)

We present an enhanced in-plane capacitive readout for sensing out-of-plane displacement in a MEMS acoustic sensor. The sensor is fabricated in a multi-user silicon-on-insulator process, using a thicker device layer to reduce misalignment between moving and fixed comb fingers. This misalignment is found to reduce the sensitivity and render the response nonlinear. In addition, incorporation of a branched comb design doubles the readout capacitor surface area for a given sensor size, to further increase the sensitivity. These two modifications restore linearity to the readout and increase its sensitivity to displacement by an order of magnitude.
New formulas for the calculation of phase-matching angles (1986)

A derivation is given of simple analytic expressions suitable for the approximate calculation of the phase-matching angles in the case of nonlinear interactions of the eoe, oee, and eeo types.
Completely adiabatic S-shaped bent tapers in optical waveguides (1997)

A novel S-shaped bent taper comprised the functions of bent and tapered structures is proposed to extend the applications of tapers with straight axes. The optimal combination of taper shape and refractive-index distribution in such an ideal structure is obtained by applying the conformal mapping technique to transform a single-mode straight waveguide into an equivalent tapered configuration. Furthermore, the beam propagation method in conjunction with the conformal mapping technique is used to analyze the optical propagation characteristics of ideal structures. Simulation results predict that a perfect mode-size conversion and a lateral shift of optical propagation can be achieved adiabatically.