gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart catalyst technologies for future automotive emission control; Intelligente Katalysatorentechnologien fuer zukuenftige Emissionskontrolle in Fahrzeugen (2012)

Over the last decade, the tightening of emission regulations for vehicles has significantly increased the size and the complexity of automotive catalyst systems. In diesel-powered passenger cars for example, early requirements to limit the emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons could be met using a single Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) with a catalyst volume similar to the engine displacement volume. When particulate emissions had to be controlled, a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) was added. The DPF was often about twice the size of the DOC and required the incorporation of soot regeneration strategies into the engine control module. More recently, the introduction of Euro 6 regulations has forced the development of nitric oxide (NOx) emission controls by catalytic systems based on Lean NOx Traps (LNT) or Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalysts using ammonia as reducing agent. Incorporation of these NOx reduction components onto the vehicle adds significant volume and further complexity to the emission control system. For future generations of vehicles, smart catalyst technologies are required, which allow for the integration of different catalytic functions and the reduction of the total size of the emission control system. This paper will present different examples for such advanced catalytic systems. Specific focus will be given to ''SCR on Filter'' (SCRoF) systems, which incorporate the SCR catalyst on a filter substrate, thereby accomplishing soot particle filtration and NOx reduction simultaneously. The potential and the limits of this concept will be addressed. Our latest results regarding soot filtration, oxidation performance, NOx reduction properties and durability of the SCRoF will be presented and discussed. (orig.)
CONTINUOUS MICROWAVE STERILIZATION OF MEAT IN FLEXIBLE POUCHES (1974)

Feasibility studies originated earlier in this laboratory, on microwave energy thermal processing of foods, were continued. A means of measuring temperature distribution, as well as a photometric method for determining time/temperature integration within thermally processed foods, were developed. A knowledge of the processing parameters involved in the preservation of foods by microwave energy was obtained. Feasibility of the process was demonstrated.
C V D molybdenum thin films for high power laser mirrors (1980)

Molybdenum thin films have been prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from both molybdenum carbonyl (Ho(CO) 6 ) and molybdenum pentachloride (MoCl 5 ). The crystal structure, grain size and composition of the films have been determined and related to their infrared reflectance. Post-deposition annealing raises the absolute reflectance of films deposited from the carbonyl to 98.73% at ten micrometers. The fact that these films are prepared without a polishing step may explain why their reflectance is 0.5% higher than that of super smooth polished bulk molybdenum. The higher reflectance and absence of a polish-induced damage layer could increase the damage threshold of uncoated CVD molybdenum mirrors. Films deposited from the chloride have largely reproduced the optical properties of those prepared from the carbonyl, with grain sizes ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 micrometer. Polished bulk molybdenum substrates could be further smoothed by first overcoating them with, and subsequently polishing of, a several micron thick layer of fine grained CVD molybdenum.
3-D corneal modeling system (1990)

New surgical procedures have been introduced recently that provide refractive correction to replace the use of eyeglasses or contact lenses. The procedures involve reshaping the cornea to compensate for the optical anomalies of astigmatism and nearsightedness. Although thousands of operations are currently performed in the U.S., there are no instruments available for monitoring the results. Thus, a critical need has arisen to inspect and measure the cornea's surface both before and after surgery. In this paper an instrument is presented which provides a detailed topographical model of an individual's cornea. The method uses a novel structured light source. The cornea is modeled as a convex mirror which forms a virtual image of the structured light source. A single image is recorded from the patient's cornea. The depth is obtained from triangulation between the acquired image and a reference image of a sphere. The reconstruction of the depth map is complicated by the fact that the magnification used in recording the image varies with the radius of curvature of the cornea. An iterative method is presented which solves for the radius of curvature despite the variation in magnification. The virtual image is digitized and the instantaneous curvature of the cornea is obtained. The instantaneous curvature is displayed in units of optical power (diopters). This display provides the ophthalmologist or optometrist with the essential optical properties of the cornea.
32  Gbps heterogeneously integrated quantum dot waveguide avalanche photodiodes on silicon (2021)

We report a heterogeneous GaAs-based quantum dot (QD) avalanche photodiode (APD) on silicon with an ultralow dark current of 10 pA at -1<i>V</i>, 3 dB bandwidth of 20 GHz and record gain-bandwidth product (GBP) of 585 GHz. Furthermore, open eye diagrams up to 32 Gb/s are demonstrated at 1310 nm. The k-factor has been measured for these devices to be as low as 0.14. A polarization dependence on gain and bandwidth has been observed and investigated. This shows the potential to integrate a high-speed receiver in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system on a QD-based silicon photonics platform.
Cryopreservation of Fetal Porcine Kidneys for Xenogeneic Regenerative Medicine (2023)

Kidney xenotransplantation has been attracting attention as a treatment option for end-stage renal disease. Fetal porcine kidneys are particularly promising grafts because they can reduce rejection through vascularization from host vessels. We are proposing xenogeneic regenerative medicine using fetal porcine kidneys injected with human nephron progenitor cells. For clinical application, it is desirable to establish reliable methods for the preservation and quality assessment of grafts. We evaluated the differentiation potency of vitrified porcine fetal kidneys compared with nonfrozen kidneys, using an in vivo differentiation model. Fetal porcine kidneys connected to the bladder were frozen via vitrification and stored in liquid nitrogen. Several days later, they were thawed and transplanted under the retroperitoneum of immunocompromised mice. After 14 days, the frozen kidneys grew and differentiated into mature nephrons, and the findings were comparable to those of nonfrozen kidneys. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the differentiation potency of vitrified fetal porcine kidneys could be evaluated using this model, thereby providing a practical protocol to assess the quality of individual lots.
Selective hydrolysis of peptides, promoted by palladium aqua complexes: kinetic effects of the leaving group, pH, and inhibitors (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective hydrolysis of peptides, promoted by palladium aqua complexes: kinetic effects of the leaving group, pH, and inhibitorsLonggen Zhu and Nenad M. KosticCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11, 4566–4570Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00064a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00064a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Safety and dosimetry of first-in-humans uPAR PET imaging (2015)

478 Objectives Studies have shown the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) to be of special importance in cancer invasion. uPAR is therefore an attractive target both for therapy and imaging. Our objective was to perform a first-in-man PET imaging study of uPAR with 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 to investigate the safety, biodistribution and dosimetry Methods In total 10 cancer patients were PET/CT scanned 1, 3 and 24 hrs post injection of 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 (200 MBq). Biodistribution was evaluated and used for dosimetry calculations using OLINDA software. In 3 patients, plasma and urine were collected before and after injection to investigate the kinetics and metabolism Results There were no adverse or clinically detectable effects in any of the 10 patients. Intact 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 was found in plasma for up to 30 min post injection with only one major metabolite formed over time with a slightly more hydrophilic nature. 50 min post injection, a single metabolite in urine could be found with similar retention time as seen in plasma. No intact 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 was found in the urine. Biodistribution analysis showed highest accumulation of activity in the bladder followed by liver, kidney and pancreas, respectively. The dosimetry yielded an effective dose of 0.0276 mSv/MBq. The liver was the organ with the highest absorbed dose (0.175 mSy/MBq), followed by the kidney (0.0562 mSy/MBq). Conclusions uPAR PET imaging with 64Cu-DOTA-AE105 is feasible, safe, and shows favorable biodistribution and kinetics in this first-in-man study. Dosimetry analysis estimated an effective dose of 0.0276 mSv/MBq, equaling 5.5 mSv for a 200 MBq dose. Further studies are warranted to determine imaging sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for uPAR lesion detection in cancer patients.
Nucleophilic displacement of ammonia from ammonia borane for the preparation of alkylamine-, pyridine- and phosphine-boranes (2014)

A near quantitative and safe preparation of a series of aliphatic amine- and phosphine-boranes from ammonia borane (AB) in refluxing THF has been achieved by exploiting the volatility of ammonia. A one-pot preparation of lithium aminoborohydrides from AB has also been described.
Silicon waveguide with four zero-dispersion wavelengths and its application in on-chip octave-spanning supercontinuum generation (2012)

We propose a novel silicon waveguide that exhibits four zero-dispersion wavelengths for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, with a flattened dispersion over a 670-nm bandwidth. This holds a great potential for exploration of new nonlinear effects and achievement of ultra-broadband signal processing on a silicon chip. As an example, we show that an octave-spanning supercontinuum assisted by dispersive wave generation can be obtained in silicon, over a wavelength range from 1217 to 2451 nm, almost from bandgap wavelength to half-bandgap wavelength. Input pulse is greatly compressed to 10 fs.
Parameter Analysis for GLZ Audio Compression (2006)

The generalized Lempel-Ziv (GLZ) paradigm for lossy compression for audio relies upon the fact that music, in particular electronically generated sound, has a substantial level of repetitiveness within a single clip. Thus, GLZ compresses each of the overlapped and transformed windows of the audio using a linear combination of filtered past windows. Following the introduction of the basic GLZ algorithm, in this paper, we empirically analyze several key algorithm components. We analyze the design of simple band-pass filters used during the similarity search, we investigate the distributions of weights used to create the linear combinations, and finally, we explore how beat detection can be used to significantly speed up the similarity search process. We present preliminary experimental results on a benchmark of electronically generated musical pieces.
Plasma p‐tau217 predicts in vivo brain pathology and cognition in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (2022)

Non-demented presenilin-1 E280A carriers have higher plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) than do age-matched non-carriers. Higher baseline p-tau217 is associated with greater future amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) pathology burden. Higher baseline p-tau217 is associated with greater future tau PET pathology burden. Higher baseline p-tau217 is associated with worse future memory performance.
Development of Piezoelectric Thin Film Resonator and Its Impact on Future Wireless Communication Systems (2005)

The bulk acoustic wave filter composed of piezoelectric thin film resonators has many features superior to those of other small filters such as a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter and a ceramic filter. As it has no fine structure in its electrode design, it has a high Q factor that leads to low-loss and sharp-cut off characteristics and a high power durability particularly in the high-frequency range. Furthermore, it has the potentiality of integrated devices on a Si substrate. In this paper, we review the recent developments of piezoelectric thin film resonator filters in the world, including our development for mobile communication applications. After describing the feature and history of the piezoelectric thin film resonator filters, our technologies are introduced in focusing on the resonator structures, the piezoelectric thin film and electrode film materials, the cavity structures, the filter structure and its design rules and characteristics, comparing with SAW filters. The competition and coexistence between the piezoelectric thin film resonator filters and the SAW filters are also described. In this paper, we describe the development of a piezoelectric thin film resonator from the standpoint of researchers who have a long experience of SAW filter development.
Algorithms and data structures for compressed-memory machines (2001)

An overview of a set of algorithms and data structures developed for compressed-memory machines is given. These include 1) very fast compression and decompression algorithms, for relatively small fixed-size lines, that are suitable for hardware implementation; 2) methods for storing variable-size compressed lines in main memory that minimize overheads due to directory size and storage fragmentation, but that are simple enough for implementation as part of a system memory controller; 3) a number of operating system modifications required to ensure that a compressed-memory machine never runs out of memory as the compression ratio changes dynamically. This research was done to explore the feasibility of computer architectures in which data are decompressed/compressed on cache misses/writebacks. The results led to and were implemented in IBM Memory Expansion Technology (MXT), which for typical systems yields a factor of 2 expansion in effective memory size with generally minimal effect on performance.
Fuzzy logic based intelligent control of a variable speed cage machine wind generation system (1997)

The paper describes a variable speed wind generation system where fuzzy logic principles are used for efficiency optimization and performance enhancement control. A squirrel cage induction generator feeds the power to a double-sided pulse width modulated converter system which pumps power to a utility grid or can supply to an autonomous system. The generation system has fuzzy logic control with vector control in the inner loops. A fuzzy controller tracks the generator speed with the wind velocity to extract the maximum power. A second fuzzy controller programs the machine flux for light load efficiency improvement, and a third fuzzy controller gives robust speed control against wind gust and turbine oscillatory torque. The complete control system has been developed, analyzed, and validated by simulation study. Performances have then been evaluated in detail.
Temperature-mediated saturation and current-induced recovery of the Vf drift in 4H-SiC p-i-n diodes (2007)

4 H - Si C is desirable for high power and temperature electronic applications. However, for bipolar devices, device operation induces Shockley stacking fault (SSF) expansion and a drift in the forward voltage drop (Vf). Here, we present results showing that the electrically induced SSF expansion and Vf drift saturate. The saturation voltage is strongly temperature dependent and decreases tenfold at 247°C from 30°C. In heavily faulted diodes, the injection of relatively high currents (&lt;35A∕cm2) at elevated temperatures (∼245°C) actually induced a partial recovery of the drift. A possible driving force mechanism for SSF expansion based on these results is then presented.
Plasma Sterilization Technology for Spacecraft Applications (1975)

The application of plasma gas technology to sterilization and decontamination of spacecraft components is considered. Areas investigated include: effective sterilizing ranges of four separate gases; lethal constituents of a plasma environment; effectiveness of plasma against a diverse group of microorganisms; penetrating efficiency of plasmas for sterilization; and compatibility of spacecraft materials with plasma environments. Results demonstrated that plasma gas, specifically helium plasma, is a highly effective sterilant and is compatible with spacecraft materials.
Isolation and Expression of an Isoform of Human CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthase cDNA (1997)

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a phospholipid involved in signal transduction and in glycerolipid biosynthesis. CDP-diacylglycerol synthase (CDS) or CTP:phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.41) catalyzes the conversion of PA to CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), an important precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. We describe in this study the isolation and characterization of a human cDNA clone that encodes amino acid sequences homologous to Escherichia coli, yeast, and Drosophila CDS sequences. Expression of this human cDNA under the control of a GAL1 promoter in a null cds1 mutant yeast strain complements its growth defect and produces CDS activity when induced with galactose. Transfection of this cDNA into mammalian cells leads to increased CDS activity in cell-free extracts using an in vitro assay that measures the conversion of [alpha-32P]CTP to [32P]CDP-DAG. This increase in CDS activity also leads to increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 from endothelial ECV304 cells upon stimulation with interleukin-1beta, suggesting that CDS overexpression may amplify cellular signaling responses from cytokines.
Amplifier Similaritons in a Fiber Laser (2011)

Parabolic self-similar pulses in an amplifier are realized theoretically and experimentally within a fiber oscillator. In addition to its fundamental importance, this new mode-locking regime offers ultrashort pulse durations from normal-dispersion sources.
Hollow anode ion source (1990)

A new type of cold cathode ion source, based on a hollow anode discharge in a magnetic field, is presented. The influence of the magnetic field is very strong: It is possible to considerably change the ion current by some slight changes of the magnetic field.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Polymers with Extended π Conjugation (2013)

To extend the π conjugation along backbone units is an effective way to tune the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers. In this work, to investigate the influence of the extended conjugation on photovoltaic properties of the polymer, we employed a two-step molecular optimization process, and a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based conjugated polymers, PBDPP-1, PBDPP-2, and PBDPP-3, was prepared and applied in polymer solar cells. After this two-step optimization of molecular structure, the compatibility between the polymer and PC71BM becomes much better; as a result, bicontinuous phase separation with appropriate domain size can be formed in the blend of PBDPP-3/PC71BM. Therefore, the PBDPP-3/PC71BM-based device shows a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.25 mA/cm2, which is more than two times of that of the PBDPP-1/PC71BM-based device. In addition, the blend films processed by DIO/CB showed smoother surfaces as well as smaller domain size compared with the blend films processed by pure CB. The results in this work indicate that when conjugation of the DPP-polymer’s backbone is extended in two dimensions the morphology of the active layers in photovoltaic device can be optimized effectively, and hence the overall efficiency can be improved from 2.83 to 6.18%.
23,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: a natural precursor in the biosynthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone. (1981)

To elucidate the biosynthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone, two known metabolites of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3--23,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3--were incubated individually with kidney homogenate prepared from vitamin D-supplemented chickens, a preparation known to produce the lactone from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone produced in vitro was then separated, purified, identified, and quantitated by consecutive straight-phase and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. 23,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a far better substrate for production of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone than is 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Production of lactone is highly selective for the natural 23(S)-hydroxy-23,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 while both epimers of 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 resulted in small amounts of product comigrating with natural lactone. It appears that 23(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, but not 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is a natural precursor in the synthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone; this result also implies that the configuration of the lactone at C-23 is S.
Hall Effect Devices with Three Terminals: Their Magnetic Sensitivity and Offset Cancellation Scheme (2016)

This paper discusses properties of Hall effect sensors with only three terminals and compares them to conventional four-terminal devices. It covers both Horizontal and Vertical Hall effect devices. Their Hall-geometry factor is computed analytically. Several modes of operation are proposed and their signal-to-noise ratio is compared. A six-phase offset cancellation scheme is developed. All theoretical results are checked by measurements. The residual offset of Vertical Hall effect devices with three contacts is found to be smaller than the offset of conventional Vertical Hall effect devices with five contacts.
Refining Diagnostic MicroRNA Signatures by Whole-miRNome Kinetic Analysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2012)

The present proof-of-concept study provides novel insights into the dynamic changes of the human miRNome during AMI.