gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ABC's of extruder screw design (1989)

Abstract Screw design for single screw extruders is a subject often surrounded by a certain degree of mysticism; in fact, by many people it is considered to be a black art. Others approach screw design from a mathematical point of view and determine the screw geometry from mathematical simulation of the extrusion process. Neither approach works very well. Our understanding of the extrusion process has improved considerably over the last 40 years. As a result, screw design certainly cannot and should not be considered a black art, because doing so would basically ignore all the progress made in the development of improved understanding of the extrusion process. On the other hand, relying only on mathematical modeling to achieve the desired extruder performance is not entirely appropriate, simply because the extrusion theory has not developed to the point that extruder performances can be predicted with 100 percent accuracy. The correct way to approach screw design is to combine extrusion theory and practical experience. As long as the extrusion theory is not fully developed, there is no substitute for practical experience. In this paper a practical approach to screw design is developed, with a minimal use of extrusion theory, to facilitate wider implementation of this approach. The design of the solids conveying, plasticating, melt conveying, and mixing zones of the extruder will be described based on a discussion on what physically happens to the material as it progresses along the extruder screw. It will be shown that the appropriate screw design is strongly dependent on the flow properties of the material to be extruded as well as the amount of pressure that has to be developed by the screw. This means that the screw design cannot be analyzed without consideration of the die that will be used at the end of the extruder. The design of the die, the melt flow properties of the polymer, the throughput rate, the melt temperatures, and the screen pack determine the amount of pressure that has to be developed by the screw. Therefore, the screw design that is appropriate in a regular extrusion operation is usually not optimum when a melt pump is used, because in the latter case the screw only has to develop a small amount of pressure.
Dietary Palmitic Acid (16:0) Enhances High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor mRNA Abundance in Hamsters (1990)

In order to examine the qualitative effect of different fats and specific fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoprotein metabolism, six low fat, cholesterol-free diets were fed to young male hamsters (10/group) for a 4-week period. Fat blends were formulated with coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil, high oleic acid safflower oil, butter, corn oil, and canola oil. Diets contained 13% energy as fat and dietary polyunsaturate/saturate ratios ranged from 0.12 to 1.04, one of which incorporated the American Heart Association-recommended concentrations of saturates, monoenes, and polyenes and another reflected the current American Fat Blend. In three diets the polyunsaturate/monounsaturate/saturate ratio was held constant while only the 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0 were varied. Plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins were assessed in conjunction with the abundance of specific hepatic and intestinal mRNA for the low density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor and various apolipoproteins associated with cholesterol metabolism. The plasma cholesterol response was lowest with the American Heart Association blend and equally elevated by the more saturated, low polyene diets (polyunsaturate/saturate, 0.12-0.38). Replacing 12:0 plus 14:0 from coconut oil with 16:0 as palm oil induced a significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with a trend toward decreased LDL. These shifts in lipoprotein cholesterol were corroborated by measures of the LDL/HDL ratio, the plasma apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio, and differences in the synthesis of apolipoproteins and the LDL receptor based on estimates of the mRNA for these proteins in the liver and gut, using specific cDNA probes for apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein E, and the LDL receptor. Although it has been suggested that dietary polyenes lower total plasma cholesterol, including HDL, and that saturated fat increases both these pools of cholesterol, the current data represents the first evidence that a specific saturated fatty acid, i.e., palmitic acid, may enhance HDL production.
Automatic discovery and classifications of IoT devices (2017)

In the last few years a new concept has gained ground in the technology world. With an increasingly dominant role in our days, Internet of Things (IoT) is a technological revolution that is changing our lives. The imagination is the limit regarding the new devices that may arise in the market. This phenomenon is derived from technology evolution and the growing acceptance of this type of products in our everyday life. Faced with such diversity, growing and with the existing uncertainty about the new devices emerging in the market, there is a need to integrate each new device in our lives. However, nowadays, there is no existing structure prepared for the expectable emerging diversity in the IoT world. This work aims to provide some help in this specific point by contributing to the automation of part of the device integration process. Applications that integrate devices from many different vendors are now available, but still rely on manual configuration by the application developers for every new device integrated, which is tedious and requires application updates to be rolled out frequently. An application that can discover the new device properties, and decide to which class of devices it belongs to can automatically generate an interface and the necessary integration drivers for the new device with no/less human intervention. The demonstration that it is possible to classify devices based on their communication properties is this works' main contribution. To achieve this goal we need to identify the device that is communicating inside a network using the information shared by IoT devices. The final results show that IoT communication data can be used to identify the device, mainly if in possession of a considerable sized device information database.
The Role of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-3α (Forkhead Box A1) and Androgen Receptor in Transcriptional Regulation of Prostatic Genes (2003)

Androgens and mesenchymal factors are essential extracellular signals for the development as well as the functional activity of the prostate epithelium. Little is known of the intraepithelial determinants that are involved in prostatic differentiation. Here we found that hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 alpha (HNF-3 alpha), an endoderm developmental factor, is essential for androgen receptor (AR)-mediated prostatic gene activation. Two HNF-3 cis-regulatory elements were identified in the rat probasin (PB) gene promoter, each immediately adjacent to an androgen response element. Remarkably, similar organization of HNF-3 and AR binding sites was observed in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene core enhancer, suggesting a common functional mechanism. Mutations that disrupt these HNF-3 motifs significantly abolished the maximal androgen induction of PB and PSA activities. Overexpressing a mutant HNF-3 alpha deleted in the C-terminal region inhibited the androgen-induced promoter activity in LNCaP cells where endogenous HNF-3 alpha is expressed. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed in vivo that the occupancy of HNF-3 alpha on PSA enhancer can occur in an androgen-depleted condition, and before the recruitment of ligand-bound AR. A physical interaction of HNF-3 alpha and AR was detected through immunoprecipitation and confirmed by glutathione-S-transferase pull-down. This interaction is directly mediated through the DNA-binding domain/hinge region of AR and the forkhead domain of HNF-3 alpha. In addition, strong HNF-3 alpha expression, but not HNF-3 beta or HNF-3 gamma, is detected in both human and mouse prostatic epithelial cells where markers (PSA and PB) of differentiation are expressed. Taken together, these data support a model in which regulatory cues from the cell lineage and the extracellular environment coordinately establish the prostatic differentiated response.
EPA Proposes Expanded Rules To Protect Pesticides Workers (1988)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEPA Proposes Expanded Rules To Protect Pesticides WorkersRegulations would extend present coverage to all handlers of pesticides and stiffen requirements for protective equipmentDAVID HANSONView Author Information WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1988, 66, 4, 14–15Publication Date (Print):January 25, 1988Publication History Published online8 November 2010Published inissue 25 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v066n004.p014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v066n004.p014newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1988 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Pest control Get e-Alerts
Modification of Porous Protein Crystals in Development of Biohybrid Materials (2010)

Protein assemblies have attracted increasing attention for construction of biohybrid materials. Protein crystals can also be regarded as solid protein assemblies. The present work demonstrates that protein crystals can be employed as porous biomaterials by site-specific modifications of the crystals of recombinant sperm whale myoglobin mutants. The myoglobin crystals of space group P6 provide hexagonal pores consisting of the building blocks of six Mb molecules, which form a pore with a diameter of 40 A. On the basis of the lattice structure of the Mb crystals, we have selected appropriate residues located on the surface of the pores for replacement with cysteine. This enables modification of the pore surface via coupling with maleimide derivatives. We have succeeded in crystallizing the modified Mb mutants, retaining the P6 lattice, and consistently aligning nanosized functional molecules such as fluorescein, eosin, and Ru(bpy)(3) into the hexagonal pores of the Mb crystals. Our strategy for site-specific modification of protein crystal pores is applicable to various protein crystals with porous structures. We believe that modified porous protein crystals will provide attractive candidates for novel solid materials in nanotechnology applications.
Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. (1995)

A primary goal of scale development is to create a valid measure of an underlying construct. We discuss theoretical principles, practical issues, and pragmatic decisions to help developers maximize the construct validity of scales and subscales. First, it is essential to begin with a clear conceptualization of the target construct. Moreover, the content of the initial item pool should be overinclusive and item wording needs careful attention. Next, the item pool should be tested, along with variables that assess closely related constructs, on a heterogeneous sample representing the entire range of the target population. Finally, in selecting scale items, the goal is unidimensionality rather than internal consistency ; this means that virtually all interitem correlations should be moderate in magnitude. Factor analysis can play a crucial role in ensuring the unidimensionality and discriminant validity of scales.
Power processing unit options for high powered nuclear electric propulsion using MPD thrusters (1995)

An electric propulsion vehicle designed to transport cargo in support of a piloted expedition to Mars will require electrical power in the range of megawatts. This paper summarizes an evaluation of various megawatt-class power processing unit (PPU) design and technology options for high-power nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) vehicles using turboalternators and advanced magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters. A baseline system uses a low-voltage turboalternator, rectifiers and thrusters. However, there are other options. Four such design and technology options with the potential of improving overall system efficiency and reducing cabling mass are analyzed. The first option uses high-voltage AC from a wye-connected turboalternator and a step-down transformer, the second option uses a six-phase star-connected turboalternator instead of the wye-connected alternator in the baseline configuration, the third option uses PPU rectifier electronics located near the thrusters with a remotely-located radiator, and the fourth option uses cryogenic power conversion electronics and cabling to reduce losses. It is found that the third option has the potential of providing maximum overall power conversion efficiency and reducing mass. Presently, the fourth option appears to have maximum complexity of design and implementation, is costly, and is somewhat uncertain even through it can be the most attractive option in themore » future.« less
Cold Calcium Signaling in Arabidopsis Involves Two Cellular Pools and a Change in Calcium Signature after Acclimation (1996)

Heather Knight, Anthony J. Trewavas, Marc R. Knight, Cold Calcium Signaling in Arabidopsis Involves Two Cellular Pools and a Change in Calcium Signature after Acclimation, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Mar., 1996), pp. 489-503
Smoothed analysis of algorithms (2004)

We introduce the smoothed analysis of algorithms , which continuously interpolates between the worst-case and average-case analyses of algorithms. In smoothed analysis, we measure the maximum over inputs of the expected performance of an algorithm under small random perturbations of that input. We measure this performance in terms of both the input size and the magnitude of the perturbations. We show that the simplex algorithm has smoothed complexity polynomial in the input size and the standard deviation of Gaussian perturbations.
A new reversal mode in exchange coupled antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic disks: distorted viscous vortex (2015)

Magnetic vortices have generated intense interest in recent years due to their unique reversal mechanisms, fascinating topological properties, and exciting potential applications. In addition, the exchange coupling of magnetic vortices to antiferromagnets has also been shown to lead to a range of novel phenomena and functionalities. Here we report a new magnetization reversal mode of magnetic vortices in exchange coupled Ir20Mn80/Fe20Ni80 microdots: distorted viscous vortex reversal. In contrast to the previously known or proposed reversal modes, the vortex is distorted close to the interface and viscously dragged due to the uncompensated spins of a thin antiferromagnet, which leads to unexpected asymmetries in the annihilation and nucleation fields. These results provide a deeper understanding of the physics of exchange coupled vortices and may also have important implications for applications involving exchange coupled nanostructures.
Fully stretchable active-matrix organic light-emitting electrochemical cell array (2020)

Intrinsically and fully stretchable active-matrix-driven displays are an important element to skin electronics that can be applied to many emerging fields, such as wearable electronics, consumer electronics and biomedical devices. Here, we show for the first time a fully stretchable active-matrix-driven organic light-emitting electrochemical cell array. Briefly, it is comprised of a stretchable light-emitting electrochemical cell array driven by a solution-processed, vertically integrated stretchable organic thin-film transistor active-matrix, which is enabled by the development of chemically-orthogonal and intrinsically stretchable dielectric materials. Our resulting active-matrix-driven organic light-emitting electrochemical cell array can be readily bent, twisted and stretched without affecting its device performance. When mounted on skin, the array can tolerate to repeated cycles at 30% strain. This work demonstrates the feasibility of skin-applicable displays and lays the foundation for further materials development.
Bovine immune response to Theileria parva: neutralizing antibodies to sporozoites. (1982)

The role of antibodies in the neutralization of sporozoites of Theileria parva was investigated. It was found that serum obtained from cattle recovered from East Coast fever (ECF) and rabbits immunized with sporozoites was capable of neutralizing the parasites. The serum was then fractionated by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography to identify which antibody class or subclass was responsible for the neutralization. In bovine hyperimmune serum the neutralizing capacity was in the fraction containing IgG2 immunoglobulins. In rabbit anti-sporozoite serum the neutralizing capacity also resided in the IgG2 containing fraction. These results suggest that humoral antibodies may play a role in resistance to reinfection with T. parva. A mechanism for this acquired resistance is proposed based upon the recently established biological properties of bovine IgG2 immunoglobulins.
Enzyme immunoassay for prostate-specific antigen and its diagnostic application in prostate cancer. (1992)

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable screening test for prostate cancer. Monoclonal antibodies specific to the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were generated with an improved hybridoma technique. The hybrid cells were initially cultured in a semisolid medium containing methylcellulose and later transferred to a liquid medium for further subculture. Thirty-six out of a total 1,250 recovered colonies were shown to exhibit a high affinity to PSA by radioimmunobinding assay. Eight hybrid cell lines which secreted either IgG1 or IgG2a antibodies of a high affinity and specificity were established for evaluation. The association constants between PSA and these monoclonal antibodies were shown to range from 1 x 10(9) to 5 x 10(9) M-1. From the results of a matrix cross-matching procedure, pairs of monoclonal antibodies were identified and the corresponding epitopes assigned, and most of them could also be paired with rabbit anti-PSA in a typical sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The designated EIA procedure was performed over 90 minutes at room temperature in a two-stage incubation protocol with a sensitivity of 0.4 ng/mL. The EIA kit was shown to have little cross-reactivity with thyroid stimulating hormone, alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen and prostate acid phosphatase. Preliminary evaluations with clinically defined patients' sera revealed that proper selections of antibody pairs in sandwich immunoassays are crucial to the adequate performance of the EIA kits.
The SR Protein SC35 Is Responsible for Aberrant Splicing of the E1α Pyruvate Dehydrogenase mRNA in a Case of Mental Retardation with Lactic Acidosis (2005)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex deficiency is a major cause of lactic acidosis and Leigh's encephalomyelopathies in infancy and childhood, resulting in early death in the majority of patients. Most of the molecular defects have been localized in the coding regions of the E1alpha PDH gene. Recently, we identified a novel mutation of the E1alpha PDH gene in a patient with an encephalopathy and lactic acidosis. This mutation, located downstream of exon 7, activates a cryptic splice donor and leads to the retention of intronic sequences. Here, we demonstrate that the mutation results in an increased binding of the SR protein SC35. Consistently, ectopic overexpression of this splicing factor enhanced the use of the cryptic splice site, whereas small interfering RNA-mediated reduction of the SC35 protein levels in primary fibroblasts from the patient resulted in the almost complete disappearance of the aberrantly spliced E1alpha PDH mRNA. Our findings open the exciting prospect for a novel therapy of an inherited disease by altering the level of a specific splicing factor.
Human Albumin Impairs Amyloid β-peptide Fibrillation Through its C-terminus: From docking Modeling to Protection Against Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative process characterized by the accumulation of extracellular deposits of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which induces neuronal death. Monomeric Aβ is not toxic but tends to aggregate into β-sheets that are neurotoxic. Therefore to prevent or delay AD onset and progression one of the main therapeutic approaches would be to impair Aβ assembly into oligomers and fibrils and to promote disaggregation of the preformed aggregate. Albumin is the most abundant protein in the cerebrospinal fluid and it was reported to bind Aβ impeding its aggregation. In a previous work we identified a 35-residue sequence of clusterin, a well-known protein that binds Aβ, that is highly similar to the C-terminus (CTerm) of albumin. In this work, the docking experiments show that the average binding free energy of the CTerm-Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> simulations was significantly lower than that of the clusterin-Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> binding, highlighting the possibility that the CTerm retains albumin's binding properties. To validate this observation, we performed <i>in vitro</i> structural analysis of soluble and aggregated 1 μM Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> incubated with 5 μM CTerm, equimolar to the albumin concentration in the CSF. Reversed-phase chromatography and electron microscopy analysis demonstrated a reduction of Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> aggregates when the CTerm was present. Furthermore, we treated a human neuroblastoma cell line with soluble and aggregated Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> incubated with CTerm obtaining a significant protection against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. These <i>in silico</i> and <i>in vitro</i> data suggest that the albumin CTerm is able to impair Aβ aggregation and to promote disassemble of Aβ aggregates protecting neurons.