gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of rabbit leukocyte defensins against Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (1991)

Defensins, which are peptides with broad antimicrobial activity, are major constituents of rabbit neutrophils and certain macrophages. We tested six rabbit defensins, NP-1, NP-2, NP-3a, NP-3b, NP-4, and NP-5, for activity against Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. Mixtures of T. pallidum and defensin in 10% normal rabbit serum (NRS) or heat-inactivated NRS (HI-NRS) were incubated anaerobically for various time periods ranging between 0 and 16 h and then examined by dark-field microscopy for treponemal motility or inoculated intradermally into rabbits to assess treponemal virulence. Immobilization of T. pallidum by NP-1 (400 micrograms/ml) occurred after 4 and 8 h of coincubation in mixtures containing NRS and HI-NRS, respectively. Similarly, neutralization of T. pallidum by NP-1 occurred more rapidly and was complete when incubations were performed in NRS as compared with that in HI-NRS. Endpoint titration confirmed the augmentation of NP-1 antitreponemal activity by heat-labile serum factors; NP-1 showed neutralizing activity at 4 micrograms/ml (about 1 microM) in NRS and at 40 micrograms/ml in HI-NRS. When NP-1 was tested in serum that was deficient in C6, the T. pallidum neutralizing activity of NP-1 was reduced to levels slightly greater than that observed in HI-NRS. NP-1 that had been reduced and alkylated was inactive against T. pallidum. When NP-2, NP-3a, NP-3b, NP-4, and NP-5 were tested at 400 micrograms/ml, all exerted potent treponemicidal activity, manifested by abrogation or delayed development of cutaneous lesions relative to that of controls. These data suggest that defensins may equip certain macrophages and neutrophils to participate in host defense against T. pallidum, that the direct activity of defensins against T. pallidum is enhanced by heat-labile serum factors (presumably complement), and that conformational factors influence the biological activity of the defensin molecule.
DNA Stool Test for Colorectal Cancer: Hypermethylation of the Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein-1 Gene (2007)

The results indicate that this DNA stool test of hypermethylation of the secreted frizzled-related protein-1 promoter is a sensitive and specific method. It has the potential of a clinically useful test for the early detection of colorectal cancer.
Postinjury treatment with rolipram increases hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury (2012)

The pathology caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is exacerbated by the inflammatory response of the injured brain. Two proinflammatory cytokines that contribute to inflammation after TBI are tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). From previous studies using the parasagittal fluid-percussion brain injury model, we reported that the anti-inflammatory drug rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels and improved histopathological outcome when administered 30 min prior to injury. We now report that treatment with (±)-rolipram given 30 min after injury significantly reduced TNF-α levels in the cortex and hippocampus. However, postinjury administration of (±)-rolipram significantly increased cortical contusion volume and increased atrophy of the cortex compared with vehicle-treated animals at 10 days postinjury. Thus, despite the reduction in proinflammatory cytokine levels, histopathological outcome was worsened with post-TBI (±)-rolipram treatment. Further histological analysis of (±)-rolipram-treated TBI animals revealed significant hemorrhage in the contused brain. Given the well-known role of (±)-rolipram of increasing vasodilation, it is likely that (±)-rolipram worsened outcome after fluid-percussion brain injury by causing increased bleeding.
Current Perspectives on Therapy Dog Welfare in Animal-Assisted Interventions (2017)

Research into the effects of animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) has primarily addressed human health outcomes. In contrast, only few publications deal with the therapy dog experience of AAIs. This paper provides an overview on potential welfare threats that therapy dogs may encounter and presents the results of a review of available studies on welfare indicators for therapy dogs during AAIs. Previous investigations used physiological and behavioral welfare indicators and dog handler surveys to identify work-related stress. Research outcomes are discussed in the light of strengths and weaknesses of the methods used. Study results suggest that frequency and duration of AAI sessions, novelty of the environment, controllability, age and familiarity of recipients modulate animal welfare indicators. However, this review reveals that currently, clear conclusions on how the well-being of dogs is influenced by the performance in AAIs are lacking due to the heterogeneity of programs, recipient and session characteristics, small dog sample sizes and methodological limitations. This paper further aimed to identify unresolved difficulties in previous research to pave the way for future investigations supporting the applicability of scientific findings in practice.
Nanopartikel am Arbeitsplatz (2010)

Nanopartikel sind sehr kleine Partikel, die gezielt so hergestellt sind, dass ihr Durchmesser kleiner als etwa 100 nm ist. Sie werden in der Industrie eingesetzt, weil Materialien mit solch kleinen Dimensionen oft neue Eigenschaften aufweisen, die sie vom Ursprungsmaterial unterscheidet. Das Potenzial fur mogliche Gesundheits- und Umwelteffekte von Nanomaterialien wird zurzeit intensiv diskutiert, denn die moglichen Effekte der neuen Eigenschaften auf Umwelt und Gesundheit sind erst unvollstandig geklart. Fur die Abklarung der Risiken ist es wichtig, Informationen uber die moglichen Expositionen und mogliche Freisetzungen in die Umwelt zu haben. Bisher wurden aber Daten uber eingesetzte Stoffmengen und Materialarten selten systematisch erhoben. Wir haben in der Schweiz eine reprasentative Studie durchgefuhrt, um den Einsatz von Nanopartikeln im gesamten Industriesektor abschatzen zu konnen. Diese Studie ist unseres Wissens weltweit die erste solche Studie. Sie verwendete die Definition von Nanopartikeln, welche Nanofasern und Agglomerate von Nanopartikeln mit einschliest. Geschatzte 1.300 Arbeiter in 600 Firmen sind direkt an einer Nanopartikelanwendung beteiligt und konnten somit exponiert werden. Dies sind etwa 0,6% der Firmen und etwa 0,08% der Arbeiter des Schweizer Produktionssektors. Um nun zu bestimmen, ob solche Arbeiter mit Nanopartikel in Kontakt kommen oder nicht, stehen verschiedene Messmethoden zur Verfugung. Die aktuelle Technik erlaubt eine quantitative Messung der Anzahl der Partikel in der Luft, deren Masse oder auch Oberflache. Diese Messgrosen allein geben zwar Hinweise auf die Prasenz von Nanopartikeln, die moglichen Gesundheitseffekte einer Exposition sind aber erst unvollstandig abgeklart und erlauben keine abschliesende Risikoanalyse fur den Arbeitsplatz. Mehrere Aktionsplane fur die Entwicklung eines sicheren und nachhaltigen Umgangs mit Nanomaterialien wurden in den letzten Jahren gestartet (EU, Schweiz). Internationale und nationale Organisationen entwickelten Guidelines und Empfehlungen fur industrielle Anwendungen (Internationale Organisation fur Normung - ISO, Schweizerische Unfallversicherungsanstalt - SUVA, Bundesanstalt fur Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin - BAuA, zusammen mit dem Verband der Chemischen Industrie - VCI). Diese generellen Informationen mussen nun in die Industrie transferiert und an die spezifischen Bedurfnisse der betroffenen Unternehmen angepasst werden. Die aufgezeigte, relativ geringe Verbreitung von Nanopartikelanwendungen in der Industrie weist darauf hin, dass heute Schutzmasnahmen noch proaktiv und kostengunstig entwickelt und eingefuhrt werden konnen. Aber sollte die vorhergesagte Nano-Revolution wirklich eintreten, ist die Zeit gekommen, jetzt aktiv zu werden. [Autoren]
Conservation of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata by artificial cross-pollination and in vitro culture of seeds (2002)

Anoectochilus formosanus is an important ethnomedicinal plant of Taiwan. We have optimized a method for mass propagation of A. formosanus by artificial cross-pollination and asymbiotic germination of seeds. The success of pollination and fruit set was found to be dependent on the developmental stage of male and female gametophytes. Fruit set of hand-pollinated flowers was 86.7%. The seeds from 7-week-old capsules were germi- nated by culturing on half-strength Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2% activated char- coal and 8% banana homogenate for four months. Germinated seedlings were cultured in half-strength liquid MS medium containing 2 mg/l N 6 -benzyladenine (BA) in 125-ml Erlenmeyer flasks for two months. Before ex vitro establishment of seedlings, seedlings with well-developed rhizomes and shoots were cultured on half-strength MS medium with 0.2% activated charcoal, 8% banana homogenate, 2 mg/l BA and 0.5 mg/l a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for further growth. Around 90% seed-derived plants survived two months after transfer to peat moss:ver- miculite potting mixture and incubation in the growth chamber.
Surgical Treatment for Unstable Distal Clavicle Fracture with Micromovable and Anatomical Acromioclavicular Plate (2012)

Between 2006 and 2009, 18 patients of distal clavicle fracture were treated with micro-movable and anatomical acromioclavicular plate (MAAP) in our department. According to the Neer's classification, all cases were unstable with type IIA (12 cases) and type IIB (6 cases). Functional outcome was evaluated using the Karlsson's criteria. The mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36months). No postoperative plate screws complication was observed. Osseous union could be achieved at a mean time of 12 weeks after operation in 18 patients (range, 8 -16 weeks). According to Karlsson's criteria, radiographic appearances and postoperative shoulder functional recovery revealed a good and excellent rate in these cases. We conclude that surgical treatment using MAAP seems to be a good option for unstable type II fractures of the distal clavicle. This technique allows for reliable fixation with early functional exercises and functional recovery.
TEATIME at Boston ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 (2006)

SIGGRAPH 2006 presented The Teapot as Object and Icon "to showcase the long association of the teapot with the worlds of computer graphics, art, and our host city of Boston." The exhibition features juried and curated work by artists, crafts persons and scientists who create fascinating 2D and 3D teapots using computer graphic technologies or interactive techniques.
A process for resolving ash issues (1995)

Waste-to-energy (WTE) plants leave about 10 percent of the combusted trash volume as ash. The residue has been a problem for may WTE plant operators and the communities they serve. Recent changes in regulations governing ash handling have lead to new sampling procedures, more frequent testing, and more costly handling and treatment processes. The Nashville Thermal Transfer Corporation`s WTE plant is involved in an project developed by the American Ash Recycling Corp, which addresses environmental concerns, recycling, and cost concerns. This article describes the project and how it tackles these three issues. 4 refs., 1 fig.
Fpga interconnect delay fault testing (2004)

Interconnection networks consume the majority of the die area in an FPGA. Presented is a scalable manufacturing test method for all SRAM-based FPGAs, able to detect multiple delay and/or bridging interconnection faults. This method achieves an adjustable, maximum sensitivity to resistive open defects of several kilo-ohms. Bridging faults modeled as either wired-AND or wired-OR are detectable. Finally, fast and simple fault localization is presented.
Spin-state mixing in InAs double quantum dots (2007)

We quantify the contributions of hyperfine and spin-orbit-mediated singlet-triplet mixing in weakly coupled InAs quantum dots by electron transport spectroscopy in the Pauli spin-blockade regime. In contrast to double dots in GaAs, the spin-orbit coupling is found to be more than two orders of magnitudes larger than the hyperfine mixing energy. It is already effective at magnetic fields of a few mT, where deviations from pure hyperfine mixing are observed.
Isolation of chitin synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification of an enzyme by entrapment in the reaction product. (1984)

Chitin synthetase, in the zymogen form, was extracted with digitonin from a particulate fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and converted into active form by treatment with immobilized trypsin. When the activated enzyme was incubated with UDP-GlcNAc and other components of an assay mixture, a chitin precipitate formed, trapping a large portion of the synthetase. The enzyme was easily extracted frm the chitin gel with a recovery of approximately 50% and an enrichment of approximately 100-fold. Further purification was obtained by repeating the chitin step. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the purified synthetase showed a major band corresponding to Mr 63,000, a weaker band at Mr 74,000, and some other minor bands. Under nondenaturing conditions, an Mr of 570,000 was calculated for the enzyme from Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient determinations. After electrophoresis in a nondenaturing gel and incubation with the components of the standard assay, chitin was formed and precipitated in the gel, yielding an opaque band. Soluble oligosaccharides were not precursors for insoluble chitin, suggesting that synthesis of chitin chains takes place by a processive mechanism. N-Acetylglucosamine stimulated the purified synthetase only slightly and did not participate as a primer in the reaction. The same chain length, somewhat more than 100 units of GlcNAc, was determined in samples of chitin that had been synthesized either in vivo, or with a membrane preparation or with purified synthetase. These results suggest that chitin synthetase itself is capable both of initiating chitin chains without a primer and of determining their length.
Expression of a recombinant breast tumor-associated mucin fusion protein in Escherichia coli exposes the tumor-specific epitope. (1993)

Mucins are highly immunogenic glycoproteins that are abundantly expressed by breast carcinomas and other carcinomas. The fact that deglycosylated normal mucin can induce tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies indicates that tumor-specific epitopes are hidden in the fully glycosylated form. Using recombinant DNA techniques, a fragment of mucin tandem repeats was inserted into pMal-p, an Escherichia coli expression vector, and resulted in the expression of an unglycosylated maltose-binding protein-mucin fusion protein. This fusion protein has been purified and showed strong affinity to breast tumor-specific monoclonal antibody SM3. The antisera against this recombinant mucin fusion protein recognized all breast tumor cell lines we tested. Competition assay with monoclonal antibody SM3 shows that anti-recombinant mucin fusion protein binds the epitope that SM3 binds. These results confirm the hypothesis that unglycosylated mucin contains a tumor-specific epitope. This leads to the possibility that recombinant mucin may be used to develop vaccines against breast cancer and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte lines for immunotherapy of breast cancer.
<title>Berlin scientist and educator Wilhelm Zenker (1829-1899) and the principle of color selection</title> (1999)

The Berlin scientist and educator Wilhelm Zenker first proposed the principle of color selection by recording standing waves in photographic media. This principle is often applied in modern optics.
A multi-loop low-dropout FVF voltage regulator with enhanced load regulation (2017)

This paper introduces a multi-loop fast transient response flipped voltage follower (FVF) low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator suitable for system-on-chip (SOC) applications. While typical FVF-based LDOs exhibit fast transient response, which is critical for SOC applications, their output DC accuracy is limited due to low loop gain of the FVF. In this work, we introduce a multi-loop design aimed at improving the DC accuracy while preserving the transient performance. The LDO is implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process to provide an output voltage of 1.5V at a maximum load current of 10mA from an input line voltage of 1.8V. The designed LDO's quiescent current is 53μA at minimum load. Simulation results showcase the advantages of the multi-loop design with a transient response time of 0.73ns and a figure of merit (FOM) of 3.9ps.
Tandem-pumped Fiber Lasers with Low Quantum Defect (2013)

Thermal effects are becoming increasingly problematic in fiber lasers as the powers get higher, the cores larger, and the fibers shorter. We discuss high-brightness tandem-pumping, and how it can drastically reduce the thermal load. Article not available.
CaffePresso (2016)

Off-the-shelf accelerator-based embedded platforms offer a competitive energy-efficient solution for lightweight deep learning computations over CPU-based systems. Low-complexity classifiers used in power-constrained and performance-limited scenarios are characterized by operations on small image maps with 2-3 deep layers and few class labels. For these use cases, we consider a range of embedded systems with 5--20 W power budgets such as the Xilinx ZC706 board (with MXP soft vector processor), NVIDIA Jetson TX1 (GPU), TI Keystone II (DSP) as well as the Adapteva Parallella board (custom multi-core with NoC). Deep Learning computations push the capabilities of these platforms to the limit through compute-intensive evaluations of multiple 2D convolution filters per layer, and high communication requirements arising from the movement of intermediate maps across layers. We present CaffePresso, a Caffe-compatible framework for generating optimized mappings of user-supplied ConvNet specifications to target various accelerators such as FPGAs, DSPs, GPUs, RISC-multicores. We use an automated code generation and auto-tuning approach based on knowledge of the ConvNet requirements, as well as platform-specific constraints such as on-chip memory capacity, bandwidth and ALU potential. While one may expect the Jetson TX1 + cuDNN to deliver high performance for ConvNet configurations, (1) we observe a flipped result with slower GPU processing compared to most other systems for smaller embedded-friendly datasets such as MNIST and CIFAR10, and (2) faster and more energy efficient implementation on the older 28nm TI Keystone II DSP over the newer 20nm NVIDIA TX1 SoC in all cases.
Pseudo–Compositional Model for the Calculation of Liquid Viscosity in Oil Production Systems (2008)

Abstract Modern numerical simulators can couple models to represent the behavior of reservoir, wells and surface facilities. This has created a need for a method to calculate viscosity over a wide range of compositions, pressures, and temperatures. Current compositional viscosity models cannot predict viscosities over these wide ranges. Bergman and Sutton (2006, 2007a, 2007b) published three new correlations that matched viscosity changes with temperature and pressure. Their correlations were based on typical black-oil model parameters; among them solution gas-oil ratio, mole weight and API gravity of the stock tank oil. These parameters change with liquid composition. This paper provides a method for estimating these parameters from liquid composition for calculating viscosity using the Bergman-Sutton correlations. Comparisons with other compositional viscosity models were made to show the new model's improved behavior.
Plasma Spray Processing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Direct evidence for the adaptive role of copy number variation on antifolate susceptibility in <i><scp>P</scp>lasmodium falciparum</i> (2013)

Resistance to antimalarials targeting the folate pathway is widespread. GTP-cyclohydrolase (gch1), the first enzyme in this pathway, exhibits extensive copy number variation (CN) in parasite isolates from areas with a history of longstanding antifolate use. Increased CN of gch1 is associated with a greater number of point mutations in enzymes targeted by the antifolates, pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine. While these observations suggest that increases in gch1 CN are an adaptation to drug pressure, changes in CN have not been experimentally demonstrated to directly alter drug susceptibility. To determine if changes in gch1 expression alone modify pyrimethamine sensitivity, we manipulated gch1 CN in several parasite lines to test the effect on drug sensitivity. We report that increases in gch1 CN alter pyrimethamine resistance in most parasites lines. However we find evidence of a detrimental effect of very high levels of gch1 overexpression in parasite lines with high endogenous levels of gch1 expression, revealing the importance of maintaining balance in the folate pathway and implicating changes in gch1 expression in preserving proper metabolic flux. This work expands our understanding of parasite adaptation to drug pressure and provides a possible mechanism for how specific mutations become fixed within parasite populations.
Galloylated Polyphenols Efficiently Reduce α-Tocopherol Radicals in a Phospholipid Model System Composed of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) Micelles (2009)

The ability of several polyphenolic fractions from grape ( Vitis vinifera ) pomace, pine ( Pinus pinaster ) bark, and witch hazel ( Hammamelis virginiana ) bark to repair alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH) through reduction of the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical was investigated in a homogeneous hexane system and a phospholipid-like system based on SDS micelles. These natural polyphenols were compared with pure related phenolics (epicatechin, gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, and rutin) and ascorbic acid, which is a substance with a well-recognized capacity for regenerating alpha-TOH. alpha-Tocopheroxyl radicals were monitored and quantified by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in the absence and presence of phenolics. Polyphenols from grape and pine bark were essentially catechin monomers and proanthocyanidins differing in the content of galloyl residues; those from pine bark had a negligible degree of galloylation. Polyphenolic fractions from witch hazel bark were composed of approximately 80% hydrolyzable tannins rich in galloyl moieties, together with a smaller amount of catechin monomers and proanthocyanidins. In the homogeneous hexane system, polyphenols from grape and pine bark exhibited similar activities, reducing the alpha-tocopheroxyl radicals by over 27-40%, whereas phenols from witch hazel were more highly effective, reducing 80% of alpha-TOH. In contrast, pine bark polyphenols were found to be significantly less active than the grape fractions in SDS micelles, reducing 30 and 70% of alpha-tocopheroxyl radicals, respectively. Polyphenolic fractions from witch hazel were also able to reduce the highest amount of alpha-TOH in SDS-micelles. The reducing capacity on alpha-tocopheroxyl radical of polyphenolic fractions was found to be pH-dependent and more effective at higher pH in the range of pH studied (5.8-7.8). These results stress the potential role of polyphenols, in particular those rich in galloyl groups, to maintain intact endogenous alpha-TOH in biological membranes through reduction of alpha-tocopheroxyl radicals.