gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A farnesyltransferase inhibitor prevents both the onset and late progression of cardiovascular disease in a progeria mouse model (2008)

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is the most dramatic form of human premature aging. Death occurs at a mean age of 13 years, usually from heart attack or stroke. Almost all cases of HGPS are caused by a de novo point mutation in the lamin A (LMNA) gene that results in production of a mutant lamin A protein termed progerin. This protein is permanently modified by a lipid farnesyl group, and acts as a dominant negative, disrupting nuclear structure. Treatment with farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) has been shown to prevent and even reverse this nuclear abnormality in cultured HGPS fibroblasts. We have previously created a mouse model of HGPS that shows progressive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells in the media of the large arteries, in a pattern that is strikingly similar to the cardiovascular disease seen in patients with HGPS. Here we show that the dose-dependent administration of the FTI tipifarnib (R115777, Zarnestra) to this HGPS mouse model can significantly prevent both the onset of the cardiovascular phenotype as well as the late progression of existing cardiovascular disease. These observations provide encouraging evidence for the current clinical trial of FTIs for this rare and devastating disease.
Fast Dynamic Tessellation of Trimmed NURBS Surfaced<sup>1</sup> (1994)

Abstract Trimmed NURBS (non‐uniform rational B‐splines) surfaces are being increasingly used and standardized in geometric modeling applications. Fast graphical processing of trimmed NURBS at interactive speeds is absolutely essential to enable these applications. which poses some unique challenges in software, hardware, and algorithm design. This paper presents a technique that uses graphical compilation to enable fast dynamic tessellation of trimmed NURBS surfaces under highly varying transforms. We use the concept of graphical data compilation. through which we preprocess the NURBS surface into a compact, view‐independent form amenable for fast per‐frame extraction of triangles. Much of the complexity of processing is absorbed during compilation. Arbitrarily complex trimming regions are broken down into simple regions that are specially designed to facilitate tessellation before rendering. Potentially troublesome cases of degeneracies in the surface are detected and dealt with during compilation. Compilation enables a clean separation of algorithm‐intensive and compute‐intensive operations, and provides for parallel implementations of the latter. Also, we exercise a classification technique while processing trimming loops. which robustly takes care of geometric ambiguities and deals with special cases while keeping the compilation code simple and concise.
Forensic Authentication of Data Bearing Halftones (2013)

 Forensic Authentication of Data Bearing Halftones Stephen Pollard, Robert Ulichney, Matthew Gaubatz, Steven Simske
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Piperine from<i>Piper nigrum</i> (2002)

A novel microwave-assisted technique (MAE) for the extraction of piperine from coarsely powdered black pepper (Piper nigrum) was studied. The parameters such as nature of the solvent, microwave energy input, and solid loading were optimized. The mechanism of the enhancement of extraction rates was investigated by microscopic studies of the irradiated material. Studies have revealed that dielectric heating of the polar cellular matrix resulted in remarkable swelling and coalescence of the oil cells and other constituents. The resulting pressure, built-up within the cell, breaks open the cell, releasing the constituents and providing easy access for solvent penetration and subsequent solubilization of piperine and other substances. Because the cell wall is mainly composed of slightly ionic cellulose, there is a marked increase in the dielectric heating rates. Rapid degradation of the cellulosic cell wall occurs, thereby further increasing the permeability of the wall toward solvent penetration. Selective extraction of piperine in nonpolar solvents to the extent of 94% with a purity of 85% has been achieved. The MAE procedure is simple, rapid, and reliable.
Signal transmission by optical solitons in monomode fiber (1981)

A transmission rate of ≃1 Tbits/sec (≃0.1 Tbits/s) per 30 km can be achieved using envelope solitons with peak power of ≃10 W (≃10 mW) in a monomode optical fiber, respectively. Unlike the linear pulse in which the bit rate is limited by the group dispersion, the bit rate of soliton transmission is limited by the fiber loss and the input power. Conditions for achieving optimum transmission rate using solitons are theoretically obtained including the effects of fiber loss and second order group dispersion.
A probiotic yeast-based immunotherapy against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (2020)

Antibiotic-resistant <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the colon and is responsible for more than 29,000 deaths in the United States each year. Hence, <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) poses an urgent threat to public health. Antibody-mediated neutralization of TcdA and TcdB toxins, the major virulence factors of CDI, represents an effective strategy to combat the disease without invoking antibiotic resistance. However, current antitoxin approaches are mostly based on parenteral infusion of monoclonal antibodies that are costly, narrow spectrum, and not optimized against the intestinal disease. Here, we engineered probiotic <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> to constitutively secrete a single tetra-specific antibody that potently and broadly neutralized both toxins and demonstrated protection against primary and recurrent CDI in both prophylactic and therapeutic mouse models of disease. This yeast immunotherapy is orally administered, can be used concurrently with antibiotics, and may have potential as a prophylactic against CDI risk and as a therapeutic for patients with CDI.
A NOVEL APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IN VITRO EVALUATION OF BUBBLE DETECTION EQUIPMENT (2001)

A) Purpose of Study. Infusion pumps, bypass circuits, and other devices that inject liquids into the vasculature typically are monitored for the presence of air in line or bubbles. A novel method for characterizing the performance of commercial bubble detectors is presented here, along with results for a proprietary bubble detector. B) Methods Used. The in vitro test circuit is established by recirculating liquid through the tubing set of interest, injecting bubbles of an independently measured size and rate with a gas source attached to a glass microcapillary. Bubble diameter is measured by effluent collection and direct microscopic examination, and bubble generation rate is determined by video recording. Once generated, the discrete bubbles pass by the bubble detection device and its response is recorded. Here we evaluate a proprietary ultrasonic bubble detector with a non-invasive externally mounted probe, developed at TherOx, Inc. (Irvine, CA). The sensitivity of the detector to bubble diameters ranging from 100 μm to 1mm is determined directly, and a calibration curve is developed from the signal response that enables the detector, when used clinically, to provide size-discriminatory bubble detection. C) Summary of Results: The bubble detector demonstrates perfect detectability of bubbles as small as 100 μm in diameter. The relationship between attenuation of the ultrasonic signal and the cross-sectional area of the bubble is linear, allowing for a single programmable calibration constant to characterize the bubble detector. The detector will count bubbles in a clinical setting allowing for a benign volume of gas to pass intravascularly over time until a safety threshold is met. A viscosified aqueous solution exhibits an equivalent signal response to bovine blood, enabling evaluation of extracorporeal blood circuits with the test methods.
ALTERNATIVE MECHANICAL METHODS OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (1996)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has become the standard of care for providing circulatory support to victims of cardiac arrest. However, despite its widespread acceptance, few victims ever survive to hospital admission and even fewer to hospital discharge. In hopes of improving survival rates of those suffering cardiac arrest, investigators have suggested and tested several modifications to standard CPR to optimize its hemodynamic effects. In this review, we discuss the important chest compression techniques that have been used over the past 3.5 decades which have mirrored our evolving understanding of the mechanisms underlying CPR.
Automated target tracking in kilovoltage images using dynamic templates of fiducial marker clusters (2016)

A novel, automated method for producing dynamic templates of fiducial marker clusters has been developed. Production of these templates automatically provides measurements of tumor motion that occurred during the CBCT scan that was used to produce them. Additionally, using these templates with intrafractional images could potentially allow for more robust real-time target tracking in radiotherapy.
Human cardiac high‐energy phosphate metabolite concentrations by 1D‐resolved NMR spectroscopy (1996)

We have developed a method that can measure high-energy phosphate metabolite concentrations in humans with 1D resolved surface-coil NMR spectroscopy. The metabolites are measured by phosphorus (31P) NMR spectroscopy, and the tissue water proton (1H) resonance from the same volume serves as an internal concentration reference. The method requires only the additional acquisition of a 1H data set, and a simple calibration, performed separately, to determine the ratio of the signal per proton to the signal per phosphorus nucleus. The quantification method is particularly useful for human cardiac spectroscopy, where it eliminates image-based tissue volumetry and the corrections for signal sensitivity and phase nonuniformity necessary in prior approaches. Corrections are introduced to account for blood and fat contributions to the spectra. The method was validated on phantoms of phosphate of varying concentrations and on the human calf muscle. In calf, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations were 5.6 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- SD) and 26 +/- 4 mmol/kg wet wt, respectively. In normal heart, [ATP] was 5.8 +/- 1.6 and [PCr] was 10 +/- 2 mmol/kg wet wt. These values are in excellent agreement with prior NMR studies and biopsy data. The protocol is easily accommodated within existing 1D cardiac patient protocols, and the same approach is advantageous for eliminating tissue volumetry and sensitivity corrections when measuring concentrations by 2D and 3D resolved spectroscopy.
An Optical Fiber Refractometer (1989)

A step-indexed optical fiber is tapered to a diameter of one-third of the original diameter by heating under tension. Some of the cladding in the tapered region is removed by etching; and, this region is immersed in refractive index liquids in the range 1.33 to 1.65. The percentage of the light transmitted by the tapered section decreases as the index of refraction increases. Changes in index of refraction of 6x10-5 are measureable. The refractometer sensitivity may be optimized in the different index ranges by measuring the intensity in the various modal groups.
A Computationally Optimized Hemagglutinin Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Elicits Broadly Reactive Antibodies that Protect Nonhuman Primates from H5N1 Infection (2012)

The COBRA clade 2 HA H5N1 VLP elicits broad humoral immunity against multiple H5N1 isolates from different clades. In addition, the COBRA VLP vaccine is more effective than a homologous vaccine against a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge.
Collection-Based Persistent Digital Archives - Part 1 (2000)

The preservation of digital information for long periods of time is becoming feasible through the integration of archival storage technology from supercomputer centers, data grid technology from the computer science community, information models from the digital library community, and preservation models from the archivist’s community. The supercomputer centers provide the technology needed to store the immense amounts of digital data that are being created, while the digital library community provides the mechanisms to define the context needed to interpret the data. The coordination of these technologies with preservation and management policies defines the infrastructure for a collection-based persistent archive [1]. This paper defines an approach for maintaining digital data for hundreds of years through development of an environment that supports migration of collections onto new software systems.
Combining stochastic and grammar-based language processing with finite-state edit machines (2005)

Multimodal grammars provide an expressive formalism for rapid bootstrapping of finite-state mechanisms for multi-modal integration and understanding. These mechanisms align speech and gesture inputs, readily scale to processing of lattice inputs, and enable recovery from speech and gesture recognition errors through mutual compensation. However, in common with other handcrafted mechanisms, they can be brittle with respect to unexpected, erroneous, or disfluent inputs. In this paper, we show how the robustness of stochastic language models can be combined with the expressiveness of multimodal grammars by adding a finite-state edit machine to the multimodal language processing cascade. We evaluate the effectiveness of the approach in a multimodal conversational system (MATCH) which provides restaurant and subway information on a speech and pen enabled mobile device
Irreversible gettering of thionyl chloride (1999)

The authors have successfully demonstrated the irreversible gettering of SOCl{sub 2} by ZnO/ASZMTEDA carbon over a modest temperature range. While thionyl chloride decomposition was slow below {minus}20 C, lower temperatures are expected to be less of a problem than at higher temperatures. The approximately 30 cc of thionyl chloride in a typical D-cell would require 50 g of ZnO and 107 g of ASZMTEDA carbon. Fortunately, since it is unlikely to happen at all, it is common practice to assume only one cell will fail (leak) in a given battery pack. So, one charge of getter can protect the whole battery pack. In summary, ZnO/ASZMTEDA carbon fulfills all of the requirements of an ideal getter including: irreversible binding or reaction with SOCl{sub 2}, high volumetric uptake capacity, high efficiency, non-volatile, air stable, insensitive to poisoning, non-toxic, cheap, non-corrosive, and the gettering product is not a liquid or oil that could block further flow or accessibility. Future work in this area includes incorporation of the ZnO and carbon into a structural open-celled porous monolith, as well as, gettering for other types of batteries (e.g., Li/MnO{sub 2}).
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal elastomers (2016)

The need for mechanical manipulation during the curing of conventional liquid crystal elastomers diminishes their applicability in the field of shape-programmable soft materials and future applications in additive manufacturing. Here we report on polymer-dispersed liquid crystal elastomers, novel composite materials that eliminate this difficulty. Their thermal shape memory anisotropy is imprinted by curing in external magnetic field, providing for conventional moulding of macroscopically sized soft, thermomechanically active elastic objects of general shapes. The binary soft-soft composition of isotropic elastomer matrix, filled with freeze-fracture-fabricated, oriented liquid crystal elastomer microparticles as colloidal inclusions, allows for fine-tuning of thermal morphing behaviour. This is accomplished by adjusting the concentration, spatial distribution and orientation of microparticles or using blends of microparticles with different thermomechanical characteristics. We demonstrate that any Gaussian thermomechanical deformation mode (bend, cup, saddle, left and right twist) of a planar sample, as well as beat-like actuation, is attainable with bilayer microparticle configurations.
A state observer for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (1989)

An identity state observer for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor is derived which reconstructs the electrical and mechanical states of the motor from current and voltage measurements. The observer operates in the rotor frame and estimates direct and quadrature stator currents, rotor velocity, and rotor position. Since the rotor position is estimated, the rotor reference frame is approximated using the latest rotor position estimate. The motor dynamics and the transformation into the estimated rotor frame are nonlinear, and thus the observer and observer error dynamics are nonlinear. Therefore, stability is analyzed using a linearized error model. Simulations including realistic measurement disturbances are used to investigate the global stability and accuracy of the observer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF 3‐HYDRAZINOPYRIDAZINE. PART III. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY OF A NEW 6‐(ALKYLAMINO)‐SUBSTITUTED 3‐(2‐ACYLHYDRAZINO)PYRIDAZINES (1979)

Abstract Die Chlor‐pyridazine (I) bzw. (IV) reagieren mit Hydrazin (V) bzw. Hydrazincarbonsäureester (II) zu den Hydraziden (III) und (X) bzw. den Hydrazinen (VI).
Method of making electrodes for electrochemical cell. [Li-Al alloy] (1981)

A method is described for making an electrode for an electrochemical cell in which particulate electrode-active material is mixed with a liquid organic carrier chemically inert with respect to the electrode-active material, mixing the liquid carrier to form an extrudable slurry. The liquid carrier is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 50% by volume of the slurry, and then the carrier is removed from the slurry leaving the electrode-active material. The method is particularly suited for making a lithium-aluminum alloy negative electrode for a high-temperature cell.
Comprehensive Texture and Porosity Quantification from Electrical Borehole Images (2014)

The porosity system is very complex in carbonates. It is well known that the pore space connected to fractures, solution enhanced bedding planes, and vugs (vug to vug) greatly enhance the fluid flow, compared with the pore space in isolated vugs. We propose a new workflow which combines existing methods to quantitatively characterize these different pore spaces from electrical borehole images. The workflow starts with an image calibration and a gap-filling for wireline images. After extracting the formation matrix, conductive and resistive heterogeneities are automatically delineated on the image using thresholds on contrast (against matrix) and value. By superimposing fracture traces, bed boundaries, and heterogeneity-connecting crest lines on the heterogeneity image, it is possible to automatically classify the full range of the heterogeneities. The geometry and the electrical properties of each of the heterogeneous features and the intensity of their connectedness are characterized. A porosity map is subsequently computed using an established method and the map is associated with the heterogeneities. In this way, the porosity of each heterogeneity type can be evaluated. Case studies have demonstrated that the workflow can provide quantitative measures of important reservoir parameters from electrical borehole images to better evaluate the fluid flow.
Combination of poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 enhances activation of B cells in vitro and boosts antibody responses to protein vaccines in vivo (2017)

Vaccines that can rapidly induce strong and robust antibody-mediated immunity could improve protection from certain infectious diseases for which current vaccine formulations are inefficient. For indications such as anthrax and influenza, antibody production in vivo is a correlate of efficacy. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are frequently studied for their role as vaccine adjuvants, largely because of their ability to enhance initiation of immune responses to antigens by activating dendritic cells. However, TLRs are also expressed on B cells and may contribute to effective B cell activation and promote differentiation into antigen-specific antibody producing plasma cells in vivo. We sought to discover an adjuvant system that could be used to augment antibody responses to influenza and anthrax vaccines. We first characterized an adjuvant system in vitro which consisted of two TLR ligands, poly I:C (TLR3) and Pam3CSK4 (TLR2), by evaluating its effects on B cell activation. Each agonist enhanced B cell activation through increased expression of surface receptors, cytokine secretion and proliferation. However, when B cells were stimulated with poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 in combination, further enhancement to cell activation was observed. Using B cells isolated from knockout mice we confirmed that poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 were signaling through TLR3 and TLR2, respectively. B cells activated with Poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 displayed enhanced capacity to stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation and differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells in vitro. Mice vaccinated with influenza or anthrax antigens formulated with poly I:C and Pam3CSK4 in DepoVax™ vaccine platform developed a rapid and strong antigen-specific serum antibody titer that persisted for at least 12 weeks after a single immunization. These results demonstrate that combinations of TLR adjuvants promote more effective B cell activation in vitro and can be used to augment antibody responses to vaccines in vivo.
Security policy checking in distributed SDN based clouds (2016)

Separation of network control from devices in Software Defined Network (SDN) allows for centralized implementation and management of security policies in a cloud computing environment. The ease of programmability also makes SDN a great platform implementation of various initiatives that involve application deployment, dynamic topology changes, and decentralized network management in a multi-tenant data center environment. Dynamic change of network topology, or host reconfiguration in such networks might require corresponding changes to the flow rules in the SDN based cloud environment. Verifying adherence of these new flow policies in the environment to the organizational security policies and ensuring a conflict free environment is especially challenging. In this paper, we extend the work on rule conflicts from a traditional environment to an SDN environment, introducing a new classification to describe conflicts stemming from cross-layer conflicts. Our framework ensures that in any SDN based cloud, flow rules do not have conflicts at any layer; thereby ensuring that changes to the environment do not lead to unintended consequences. We demonstrate the correctness, feasibility and scalability of our framework through a proof-of-concept prototype.
Probabilistic modelling of replica divergence (2005)

It is common in distributed systems to replicate data. In many cases this data evolves in a consistent fashion, and this evolution can be modelled. A probabilistic model of the evolution allows us to estimate the divergence of the replicas and can be used by the application to alter its behaviour, for example to control synchronisation times, to determine the propagation of writes, and to convey to the user information about how much the data may have evolved. In this paper, we describe how the evolution of the data may be modelled and outline how the probabilistic model may be utilised in various applications, concentrating on a news database example.