gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PIFEX: An advanced programmable pipelined-image processor (1985)

PIFEX is a pipelined-image processor being built in the JPL Robotics Lab. It will operate on digitized raster-scanned images (at 60 frames per second for images up to about 300 by 400 and at lesser rates for larger images), performing a variety of operations simultaneously under program control. It thus is a powerful, flexible tool for image processing and low-level computer vision. It also has applications in other two-dimensional problems such as route planning for obstacle avoidance and the numerical solution of two-dimensional partial differential equations (although its low numerical precision limits its use in the latter field). The concept and design of PIFEX are described herein, and some examples of its use are given.
Scalable pump source for diode pumped alkali laser (2014)

External cavity diode laser systems are well-suited for diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) systems due to their high power efficiency and excellent wavelength control under changing thermal loads. By conditioning the characteristics of feedback power, external cavities can narrow the spectral bandwidth and limit transverse modes of diode laser bars. Existing configurations typically use low-efficiency diffraction gratings at the Littrow angle to send back to the diodes a small fraction of the power, while directing the majority of the power forward in the output beam. We previously reported that a stepped mirror allows a single external cavity to condition the output beams of a stack of diode array bars. In this report, we describe a new approach that could use a single external cavity to condition the output beams of several hundred diode array bars. A high efficiency grating is used to feedback essentially all the power in the external cavity, and power splitters then distribute the power to multiple diode array stacks. A 384 bar module capable of 20 kW power output into a modelimited slowly diverging beam with a spectral width below 0.050 nm has been designed and proposed for use in a DPAL. A 50 bar 3 kW prototype is currently being assembled.
Inductance Compensation of Multiple Capacitors With Application to Common- and Differential-Mode Filters (2006)

Capacitor parasitic inductance often limits the high-frequency performance of electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters in both common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) filtering domains. However, these limitations can be overcome through the use of specially-coupled magnetic windings that effectively nullify the capacitor parasitic inductance. This document explores the use of a single coupled magnetic winding to provide inductance compensation for multiple capacitors (e.g., both DM and CM capacitors) simultaneously, reducing the number of coils previously required. The substantial advantages of this method are illustrated both in a proof-of-concept test circuit and in an improved version of an existing EMI filter. The coupling between multiple inductance compensation windings in a single filter enclosure is also investigated
Kalman filter for parametric fault detection: an internal model principle-based approach (2012)

The paramount importance of fault detection (FD) in complex engineering systems has undoubtedly been the main driver behind the development of a plethora of techniques in the FD area. In this study, the authors propose an internal model principle-based Kalman filter (IMP-KF) structure for use in the detection of parametric faults. The authors show that the closed-loop structure of the IMP-KF is indeed a necessary and sufficient condition for generating residuals upon which the FD process hinges. They advocate a residual generator structure similar to that used in the standard Kalman filtering (KF), and judiciously exploit the non-robustness to model mismatch of the proposed IMP-KF scheme to detect faults in the presence of noise and disturbances. With no model mismatch, the KF residual’s whiteness is exploited to derive a composite hypothesis testing that accounts for a low probability for false alarm and a high probability of correct decision for various reference inputs. The proposed scheme was successfully evaluated on both simulated and physical systems.
Quantification of Proteins Using Peptide Immunoaffinity Enrichment Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (2011)

There is a great need for quantitative assays in measuring proteins. Traditional sandwich immunoassays, largely considered the gold standard in quantitation, are associated with a high cost, long lead time, and are fraught with drawbacks (e.g. heterophilic antibodies, autoantibody interference, 'hook-effect').(1) An alternative technique is affinity enrichment of peptides coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry, commonly referred to as SISCAPA (Stable Isotope Standards and Capture by Anti-Peptide Antibodies).(2) In this technique, affinity enrichment of peptides with stable isotope dilution and detection by selected/multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM/MRM-MS) provides quantitative measurement of peptides as surrogates for their respective proteins. SRM/MRM-MS is well established for accurate quantitation of small molecules (3, 4) and more recently has been adapted to measure the concentrations of proteins in plasma and cell lysates.(5-7) To achieve quantitation of proteins, these larger molecules are digested to component peptides using an enzyme such as trypsin. One or more selected peptides whose sequence is unique to the target protein in that species (i.e. "proteotypic" peptides) are then enriched from the sample using anti-peptide antibodies and measured as quantitative stoichiometric surrogates for protein concentration in the sample. Hence, coupled to stable isotope dilution (SID) methods (i.e. a spiked-in stable isotope labeled peptide standard), SRM/MRM can be used to measure concentrations of proteotypic peptides as surrogates for quantification of proteins in complex biological matrices. The assays have several advantages compared to traditional immunoassays. The reagents are relatively less expensive to generate, the specificity for the analyte is excellent, the assays can be highly multiplexed, enrichment can be performed from neat plasma (no depletion required), and the technique is amenable to a wide array of proteins or modifications of interest.(8-13) In this video we demonstrate the basic protocol as adapted to a magnetic bead platform.
Highly potent and specific inhibitors of human renin. (1985)

Small peptide analogues representing the C-terminal portion of angiotensin I sequence were designed as inhibitors of human renin. Among synthesized compounds, benzyloxycarbonyl (-"Z")-(1-naphthyl)Ala-His-leucinal (ES-188), Z-(1-naphthyl)Ala-His-statine ethyl ester (ES-226), and Z-(1-naphthyl)Ala-His-statine 2-methylbutylamide (ES-254) markedly inhibited human and primate renins (inhibitory concentration, 50% [IC50], near 10(-7) M). These peptide analogues inhibited rabbit renin with one or two orders of magnitude less potency. They were very weak inhibitors of renins from pig, goat, dog, and rat. ES-188 had no discernible effect on cathepsin D, pepsin, or human angiotensin-converting enzyme at the concentration of 10(-4)M. ES-226 had little effect on the three enzymes at the concentration of 10(-5)M; however, ES-254 had a considerable inhibitory effect on cathepsin D (IC50 of 1.4 X 10(-5)M), pepsin (IC50 of 4.2 X 10(-5)M), and human angiotensin-converting enzyme (IC50 of 7.1 X 10(-6)M). Our results indicate that 1-naphthylalanine-containing tripeptide analogues are highly potent human renin inhibitors.
A Multifunctional Reactor with Dry-Stored Reagents for Enzymatic Amplification of Nucleic Acids (2017)

To enable inexpensive molecular detection at the point-of-care and at home with minimal or no instrumentation, it is necessary to streamline unit operations and store reagents refrigeration-free. To address this need, a multifunctional enzymatic amplification reactor that combines solid-phase nucleic acid extraction, concentration, and purification; refrigeration-free storage of reagents with just-in-time release; and enzymatic amplification is designed, prototyped, and tested. A nucleic acid isolation membrane is placed at the reactor's inlet, and paraffin-encapsulated reagents are prestored within the reactor. When a sample mixed with chaotropic agents is filtered through the nucleic acid isolation membrane, the membrane binds nucleic acids from the sample. Importantly, the sample volume is decoupled from the reaction volume, enabling the use of relatively large sample volumes for high sensitivity. When the amplification reactor's temperature increases to its operating level, the paraffin encapsulating the reagents melts and moves out of the way. The reagents are hydrated, just-in-time, and the polymerase reaction proceeds. The amplification process can be monitored, in real-time. We demonstrate our reactors' ability to amplify both DNA and RNA targets using polymerase with both reverse-transcriptase and strand displacement activities to obtain sensitivities on-par with benchtop equipment and a shelf life exceeding 6 months.
Novel Fluoropolymers for Use in 157nm Lithography. (2001)

Unexpectedly good UV transmittance at 157nm of poly(norbornene sulfone) bearing a pendant hexafluoroisopropanol functionality has prompted us to employ this fluoroalcohol as an acid group for the design of chemical amplification resists for use in 157nm lithography. The backbone structures to which the hexafluoroalcohol group is attached are polynorbornene and polystyrene. Furthermore, our discovery that poly(methyl α-trifluoromethylacrylate) is adequately transparent at 157nm has led us to incorporate the α-trifluoromethylacrylic unit in the polymer backbone by radical copolymerization with styrenes and norbornenes. Thus, four platforms are currently available to us in preparation of 157nm resist polymers; 1) all-acrylic, 2) all-norbornene, 3) acrylic-norbornene, and 4) acrylic-styrenic systems.
An efficient algorithm for compressed MR imaging using total variation and wavelets (2008)

Compressed sensing, an emerging multidisciplinary field involving mathematics, probability, optimization, and signal processing, focuses on reconstructing an unknown signal from a very limited number of samples. Because information such as boundaries of organs is very sparse in most MR images, compressed sensing makes it possible to reconstruct the same MR image from a very limited set of measurements significantly reducing the MRI scan duration. In order to do that however, one has to solve the difficult problem of minimizing nonsmooth functions on large data sets. To handle this, we propose an efficient algorithm that jointly minimizes the ℓ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> norm, total variation, and a least squares measure, one of the most powerful models for compressive MR imaging. Our algorithm is based upon an iterative operator-splitting framework. The calculations are accelerated by continuation and takes advantage of fast wavelet and Fourier transforms enabling our code to process MR images from actual real life applications. We show that faithful MR images can be reconstructed from a subset that represents a mere 20 percent of the complete set of measurements.
An efficient incremental algorithm for min-area retiming (2008)

As one of the most effective sequential optimization techniques, retiming is a structural transformation that relocates flip-flops in a circuit without changing its functionality. The min-area retiming problem seeks a solution with the minimum flip-flop area (or number) under a given clock period. Even though having polynomial runtime, the best existing algorithms for this problem still need to first construct a dense path graph and then find a min-cost network flow on it, thus incur huge storage and time expenses for large circuits. Recently, provable incremental algorithms have been discovered for min-period retiming, and heuristic incremental algorithms have been proposed for min-area retiming. However, given the complexity of the problem, min-area retiming is still resisting an efficient provable incremental algorithm. In this paper, we fill the gap by presenting an efficient algorithm to solve the min-area retiming problem incrementally and optimally. Contrary to existing approaches, no dense path graph is constructed; only the active timing constraints are dynamically generated in the algorithm. Experimental results show that the total runtime of our algorithm for all the benchmarks is at least 60 x faster than the best existing approach.
Calcium influx modulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (72-kDa type IV collagenase, gelatinase A). (1994)

Altered regulation of metalloproteinases may play a role in a variety of pathologic conditions including cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1)-mediated stimulation of expression and activation, and phorbol ester-mediated inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (72-kDa type IV collagenase/gelatinase A), indicating a role for transmembrane signal transduction in MMP-2 regulation. We now describe a role for calcium mobilization in the regulation of MMP-2 expression. Receptor-operated calcium influx has been shown to be inhibited by a novel synthetic inhibitor, carboxy amido-triazole (CAI). Incubation of A2058 human melanoma, HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma, and OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cells with CAI (0-10 microM) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in MMP-2 latent and activated species activity by zymogram analysis of conditioned medium. This reduction is not due to direct inhibition of the enzyme by CAI or CAI-induced MMP-2 degradation. Decreased quantity of secreted MMP-2 protein in CAI-treated cells was shown by immunoblot and pulse-chase analysis of newly synthesized MMP-2. Cell coincubation with CAI (2 microM) and TGF-beta 1 (5 ng/ml) caused a decrease in the overall amount of latent and activated MMP-2 by zymogram and immunoblot analysis and showed that CAI inhibited TGF-beta 1 stimulation of MMP-2 production at the level of RNA expression. This was confirmed by Northern analysis of A2058 cells treated with CAI (2 microM) for 24 and 48 h and demonstrated a 55% reduction in message for MMP-2 and a 61% reduction in message for MMP-1, 54-kDa interstitial collagenase. Specificity for CAI action was demonstrated by equivalent MMP-2 inhibitory activity from analogs of CAI that retained the ability to inhibit calcium influx and by lack of inhibition by exposure to inactive CAI analogs that could not inhibit calcium influx. As an independent verification of specificity, a marked reduction in MMP-2 gelatinase activity by zymogram was shown after treatment of A2058 cells with SK&F 96365, an unrelated inhibitor of receptor-operated calcium influx. These results suggest a role for calcium-mediated signal transduction in the expression of metalloproteinases.
A New Metal-Ion Source with An Electron-Beam Evaporator for Surface Modification (2010)

A metal-ion source equipped with an EB (Electron Beam) gun for the evaporation of solid materials was designed, and its prototype source was constructed. The prototype produced the source plasma successfully by PIG discharge with the metal vapors of titanium, zinc, and manganese without feeding any ignition gas. As a preliminary results, the extracted total currents composed of Ti+ , Zn+ and Mn+ ions were measured as unsaturated currents of about 50 , 115 and 155 μA·dc, respectively, at an extraction voltage of 6 kV. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2010.131]
Automatic pole-zero identification for multivariable large-signal stability analysis of RF and microwave circuits (2010)

Current methods for stability analysis through pole-zero identification rely on a quality assessment based on visual inspection. This implies a manual approach that limits in practice the identification of large amount of data. Here, an automated methodology for large-signal stability analysis through pole-zero identification is proposed. The methodology is based on an algorithm that prevents the adverse effects due to undermodeling and overmodeling on the stability criteria. The automatic routine enables the use of pole-zero identification for multivariable large-signal stability analyses in which a large amount of individual identifications have to be performed and evaluated. The proposed methodology is illustrated through its application to a RF LDMOS distributed power amplifier. A multivariable stability analysis reveals two different kinds of parametric oscillations depending on the load and input drive conditions.
Transient detection microscopy (1988)

We demonstrate a transient detection microscope (Fig. 1) which preferentially displays the image of any moving objects and suppresses stationary ones. This device does not use any electronics; it is a single-task all-optical analog computer which uses the nonlinear coupling of two optical beams in a photorefractive crystal of barium titanate.
Dynamic Feed Control For Injection Molding (1996)

The invention provides methods and apparatus in which mold material flows through a gate into a mold cavity that defines the shape of a desired part. An adjustable valve is provided that is operable to change dynamically the effective size of the gate to control the flow of mold material through the gate. The valve is adjustable while the mold material is flowing through the gate into the mold cavity. A sensor is provided for sensing a process condition while the part is being molded. During molding, the valve is adjusted based at least in part on information from the sensor. In the preferred embodiment, the adjustable valve is controlled by a digital computer, which includes circuitry for acquiring data from the sensor, processing circuitry for computing a desired position of the valve based on the data from the sensor and a control data file containing target process conditions, and control circuitry for generating signals to control a valve driver to adjust the position of the valve. More complex embodiments include a plurality of gates, sensors, and controllable valves. Each valve is individually controllable so that process conditions corresponding to each gate can be adjusted independently. This allows for great flexibility in the control of injection molding to produce complex, high-quality parts.
Field Trials of an Oral Calcium Propionate Paste as an Aid to Prevent Milk Fever in Periparturient Dairy Cows (1996)

Trials were conducted to test the efficacy of a calcium propionate paste as an aid to prevent milk fever and to improve the health of dairy cows. Each calcium propionate treatment tube supplied 37 g of calcium. In trials involving Holstein herds and a Jersey herd, two (trials 1 and 2) or three (trial 3) calcium propionate tubes were given at calving and again at 12 h after calving. For the Jersey herd, calcium propionate treatment (two tubes) reduced the incidence of milk fever from 50% in control cows to 29% in treated cows. Plasma obtained 24 h after calving from treated cows had higher calcium, lower NEFA, and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations than did plasma from control cows. No other benefits of calcium propionate treatment were significant for health or for productivity of the cows. Calcium propionate treatment had no significant effects on blood calcium, NEFA, or beta-hydroxybutyrate in the Holstein herds studied. However, calcium propionate did reduce the number of cows with subclinical hypocalcemia (< or = 7.5 mg/dl of plasma calcium) at 24 h after calving in both trials involving Holstein cows. Calcium propionate treatment was beneficial in reducing subclinical hypocalcemia in all trials and reduced the incidence of milk fever in a herd having a problem with milk fever.
Explicit Incorporation of Prior Anatomical Information Into a Nonrigid Registration of Thoracic and Abdominal CT and 18-FDG Whole-Body Emission PET Images (2007)

The aim of this paper is to develop a registration methodology in order to combine anatomical and functional information provided by thoracic/abdominal computed tomography (CT) and whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) images. The proposed procedure is based on the incorporation of prior anatomical information in an intensity-based nonrigid registration algorithm. This incorporation is achieved in an explicit way, initializing the intensity-based registration stage with the solution obtained by a nonrigid registration of corresponding anatomical structures. A segmentation algorithm based on a hierarchically ordered set of anatomy-specific rules is used to obtain anatomical structures in CT and emission PET scans. Nonrigid deformations are modeled in both registration stages by means of free-form deformations, the optimization of the control points being achieved by means of an original vector field-based approach instead of the classical gradient-based techniques, considerably reducing the computational time of the structure registration stage. We have applied the proposed methodology to 38 sets of images (33 provided by standalone machines and five by hybrid systems) and an assessment protocol has been developed to furnish a qualitative evaluation of the algorithm performance.
Single-Pulse Mueller Matrix LiDAR Polarimeter: Modeling and Demonstration (2018)

We introduce a new LiDAR polarimeter architecture enabling measurement of a large subset of a target Mueller matrix in a single ~10-ns laser pulse; this may be beneficial for remote sensing from moving platforms in terrestrial and defense applications. We will numerically explore the measurement accuracy dependence on various hardware parameters and signal-to-noise ratio and provide an experimental demonstration. For the transmitter, we direct the laser pulse through an electrooptic (EO) phase modulator wherein a high-voltage ramp is synchronously applied. As the laser pulse propagates through the crystal, the voltage ramp induces a time-varying birefringence which results in a well-defined time-varying polarization across the laser pulse temporal envelope used to illuminate the target. The architecture can measure as many as 12 elements of target Mueller matrix by employing three polarization state analyzers. Knowing the temporal distribution of the transmitted polarization signal and employing fast detectors in the polarization analyzers, the Mueller matrix elements are estimated. We will introduce a model describing the transmitted and received signal polarization temporal distribution and show how Mueller matrix elements can be obtained. We will demonstrate the concept using a 10-ns laser pulse, an EO phase retarder in the transmitter and using two polarization analyzers in the receiver to measure nine elements of the Mueller matrix in a point and shoot configuration. Measurements will be compared to a theoretical reference to assess accuracy.
Differential Inhibition of Group IVA and Group VIA Phospholipases A<sub>2</sub>by 2-Oxoamides (2006)

Inhibitors of the Group IVA phospholipase A(2) (GIVA cPLA(2)) and GVIA iPLA(2) are useful tools for defining the roles of these enzymes in cellular signaling and inflammation. We have developed inhibitors of GVIA iPLA(2) building upon the 2-oxoamide backbone that are uncharged, containing ester groups. Although the most potent inhibitors of GVIA iPLA(2) also inhibited GIVA cPLA(2), there were three 2-oxoamide compounds that selectively and weakly inhibited GVIA iPLA(2). We further show that several potent 2-oxoamide inhibitors of GIVA cPLA(2) containing free carboxylic groups (Kokotos et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 2891-2893) do not inhibit GVIA iPLA(2) and are, therefore, selective GIVA cPLA(2) inhibitors.