gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA complex I and III mutations associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. (1992)

Four new missense mutations have been identified through restriction analysis and sequencing of the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) from Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients who lacked the previously identified 11778 mutation. Each altered a conserved amino acid and correlated with the LHON phenotype in population and phylogenetic analyses. The nucleotide pair (np) 13708 mutation (G to A, ND5 gene) changed an alanine to a threonine and was found in 6/25 (24%) of non-11778 LHON pedigrees and in 5.0% of controls, the np 15257 mutation (G to A, cytochrome b gene) changed an aspartate to an asparagine and was found in 4 of the 13708-positive pedigrees and 0.3% of controls, the np 15812 mutation (G to A, cytochrome b gene) changed a valine to a methionine and was detected in two of the 15257-positive pedigrees and 0.1% of controls and the np 5244 mutation (G to A, ND2 gene) changed a glycine to a serine and was found in one of the 15812-positive patients and none of 2103 controls. The 15257 mutation altered a highly conserved amino acid in an extramembrane domain of cytochrome b that is associated with the ligation of the low potential b566 heme and the 5244 mutation altered a strongly evolutionarily conserved region of the ND2 polypeptide. The 13708 and 15812 mutations changed moderately conserved amino acids. Haplotype and phylogenetic analysis of the four np 15257 mtDNAs revealed that all harbored the same rare Caucasian haplotype and that the np 13708, np 15257, np 15812 and np 5244 mutations were added sequentially along this mtDNA lineage. Since the percentage of sighted controls decreases as these mutations accumulate, it appears that they interact synergistically, each increasing the probability of blindness. The involvement of both mitochondrial complex I (np 5244, 11778, 13708) and complex III (np 15257, 15812) mutations in LHON indicates that the clinical manifestations of this disease are the product of an overall decrease in mitochondrial energy production rather than a defect in a specific mitochondrial enzyme.
In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis Using a Fibrin-Binding Positron Emission Tomographic Probe (2014)

We demonstrated that FBP7 is suitable for molecular imaging of thrombosis and thrombolysis in vivo and represents a promising candidate for bench-to-bedside translation.
Leucine auxotrophy specifically alters the pattern of trichothecene production in a T-2 toxin-producing strain of Fusarium sporotrichioides (1988)

The biosynthetic pathway for trichothecenes in the filamentous fungus Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299 has been further characterized. Experiments using the techniques of mutational analysis and the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors indicated that leucine is a direct precursor to the isovalerate moiety present in the trichothecene, T-2 toxin. Analysis of trichothecene production in a UV-induced leucine auxotroph also revealed the existence of a branched biosynthetic pathway which results in the coproduction of T-2 toxin and the T-2 toxin analogs neosolaniol, 8-isobutyryl-neosolaniol, and 8-propionyl-neosolaniol. Leucine limitation imposed by the leucine auxotroph simultaneously led to underproduction of T-2 toxin and overproduction of these T-2 toxin analogs, which are produced in small amounts by the wild-type parent. Furthermore, it was shown that the ratio of T-2 toxin to T-2 toxin analogs produced by the leucine auxotroph can be modulated by the concentration of leucine in the medium. These results suggest that the four trichothecenes mentioned above are derived from a common intermediate and that there is competition for this intermediate among the branched pathways leading to these four cometabolites.
A Novel Synthesis of Nucleoside Methylphosphonates (1982)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 2010. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198220100
Uminari (2014)

We present freeform interactive loudspeakers for creating spatial sound experiences from a variety of surfaces. Surround sound systems are widely used and consist of multiple electromagnetic speakers that create point sound sources within a space. Our proposed system creates directional sound and can be easily embedded into architecture, furniture and many everyday objects. We use electrostatic loudspeaker technology made from thin, flexible, lightweight and low cost materials and can be of different size and shape. In this paper we propose various configurations such as single speaker, speaker array tangible speaker and microphone configurations for creating playful and exciting interactions with spatial sounds. Our research of freeform speakers can create new possibilities for the design of various interactive surfaces.
Addition of alternate phase nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films (2005)

Nanoparticle dispersions of various phases were added to YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO or 123) thin films by multilayer pulsed laser deposition, to determine their effect on flux pinning. The different pinning materials examined include Y/sub 2/BaCuO/sub 5/ (Y211 or green-phase), La/sub 2/BaCuO/sub 5/ (La211 or brown-phase), Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/, CeO/sub 2/, and MgO, with lattice constant mismatches varying from 0.5% to 12% with respect to YBCO. Y211 and Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ provided significant pinning increases at temperatures of 65 K and 77 K, however other phases provided enhancements only at 65 K (for CeO/sub 2/ and La211) for limited range of applied field strengths. An interesting correlation between T/sub c/ transition widths and pinning strengths was observed. The additions produced markedly different nanoparticle and film microstructures, as well as superconducting properties.
An Off-Line Graphical Environment for Programming Robots Using Commercial CAD Systems (1994)

Abstract Because current robot teaching methods are inadequate to fully control a high accuracy manipulator, the concept of a graphical interface which combines both teaching and programming methods is presented here. The complexity of user interfaces has become significant as manipulators and other programmable automation are applied to more industrial applications. Three dimensional visualization is an increasingly important aspect of the problem facing robotics programmer. Often the effector coordinates passed to the manipulator are not easily visualized in space. The introduction of a graphical environment the reduces the task of visualizing points, orientations, and trajectories. The environment developed here (the “TR-Environment”) provides the user with an off-line programming method where logic, repetitive tasks, and sensory control can be simplified. The environment consists of the integration of commercial CAD packages with computer languages. The program utilizes the so called “NODES” which define the six generalized coordinates and the state of the end-effector at a point in space. Trajectories in space can be planned by connecting nodes via “entities”. A new language (“Criptic”) associated with nodes where program branching, sensory control, digital communication, and adaptive control occurs, has been developed.
Hyve-3D and rethinking the "3D cursor" (2015)

Hybrid Virtual Environment 3D (Hyve-3D) is a system to actively design inside Virtual Reality by a new model of interaction through a 3D cursor that is specially envisioned to facilitate local and remote collaboration. It introduces a novel approach to the concept of the cursor inside the 3D virtual space, rethinking it as a drawing and control plane. 3D cursors are intuitively manipulated by multi-touch handheld tablets that are tracked in 6DOF. The system also features a lightweight immersive 3D rendering technique that runs on a single laptop allowing texture and lighting effects on 3D geometry. Users can simultaneously access their individual complementary orthogonal views on the tablets, as personal windows into the shared display of the virtual environment; they can concurrently 3D sketch, select, edit, manipulate 3D objects using the tablets as tangible props, as well as collectively navigate the scene using the tablet as a 3D trackpad. With the notion of multiple 3D cursors the personal computer becomes a collaborative working environment. The first version was implemented in 2014 [Dorta et al. 2014]. A product level system is presented with the immersive and non immersive implementations. A variation of the interface which works without the need of an external tracker is also demostrated that opens the possibility of using the system with any handheld device such as smart phones and watches.
Optical data storage in InGaN/GaN heterostructures (1997)

Optical storage data was realized using an InGaN/GaN single heterostructure. It was observed that exposure to a high power density ultraviolet light temporarily changes the optical properties of the InGaN epitaxial layer. The photo-induced changes can be observed under an optical microscope with low intensity ultraviolet excitation. This effect was used to create high contrast optical patterns on the sample at room temperature and 77 K. The photo-induced changes completely disappear in about four hours at room temperature. After the recorded pattern is erased, the information can be rewritten without a change in efficiency or retention time.
Identification of IgE and IgG binding epitopes on β‐ and κ‐casein in cow's milk allergic patients (2001)

Information regarding the immunodominant epitopes in beta- and kappa-casein may be important for understanding the pathophysiology and natural history of CMA. Differences in epitope recognition may be useful in identifying children who will have persistent milk hypersensitivity.
Single-ended Coding Techniques for Off-chip Interconnects to Commodity Memory (2007)

This paper introduces a class of single-ended coding schemes to reduce off-chip interconnect energy consumption. State-of-the-art codes for processor-memory off-chip interfaces require the transmitter and receiver (memory controller and memory) to collaborate using current and previously transmitted values to encode and decode data. Modern embedded systems, however, cannot afford to use such double-ended codes that require specialized memories to participate in the code. In contrast, a single-ended code enables the memory controller to encode data stored in memory and subsequently decode that data when it is retrieved, allowing the use of commodity memories. In this paper, single-ended codes are presented that assign limited-weight codewords using trace-based mapping techniques. Simulation results show that such codes can reduce the energy consumption of an uncoded off-chip interconnect by up to 42.5%
Manufacturing High-Quality Carbon Nanotubes at Lower Cost (2004)

A modified electric-arc welding process has been developed for manufacturing high-quality batches of carbon nanotubes at relatively low cost. Unlike in some other processes for making carbon nanotubes, metal catalysts are not used and, consequently, it is not necessary to perform extensive cleaning and purification. Also, unlike some other processes, this process is carried out at atmospheric pressure under a hood instead of in a closed, pressurized chamber; as a result, the present process can be implemented more easily. Although the present welding-based process includes an electric arc, it differs from a prior electric-arc nanotube-production process. The welding equipment used in this process includes an AC/DC welding power source with an integral helium-gas delivery system and circulating water for cooling an assembly that holds one of the welding electrodes (in this case, the anode). The cathode is a hollow carbon (optionally, graphite) rod having an outside diameter of 2 in. (approximately equal to 5.1 cm) and an inside diameter of 5/8 in. (approximately equal to 1.6 cm). The cathode is partly immersed in a water bath, such that it protrudes about 2 in. (about 5.1 cm) above the surface of the water. The bottom end of the cathode is held underwater by a clamp, to which is connected the grounding cable of the welding power source. The anode is a carbon rod 1/8 in. (approximately equal to 0.3 cm) in diameter. The assembly that holds the anode includes a thumbknob- driven mechanism for controlling the height of the anode. A small hood is placed over the anode to direct a flow of helium downward from the anode to the cathode during the welding process. A bell-shaped exhaust hood collects the helium and other gases from the process. During the process, as the anode is consumed, the height of the anode is adjusted to maintain an anode-to-cathode gap of 1 mm. The arc-welding process is continued until the upper end of the anode has been lowered to a specified height above the surface of the water bath. The process causes carbon nanotubes to form in the lowest 2.5 cm of the anode. It also causes a deposit reminiscent of a sandcastle to form on the cathode. The nanotube-containing material is harvested. The cathode and anode can then be cleaned (or the anode is replaced, if necessary) and the process repeated to produce more nanotubes. Tests have shown that the process results in approximately equal to 50-percent yield of carbon nanotubes (mostly of the single-wall type) of various sizes. Whereas the unit cost of purified single-wall carbon nanotubes produced by other process is about $1,000/g in the year 2000, it has been estimated that for the present process, the corresponding cost would be about $10/g.
On the Discovery of Interesting Patterns in Association Rules (1998)

Many decision support systems, which utilize association rules for discovering interesting patterns, require the discovery of association rules that vary over time. Such rules describe complicated temporal patterns such as events that occur on the &quot;first working day of every month.&quot; In this paper, we study the problem of discovering how association rules vary over time. In particular, we introduce the idea of using a calendar algebra to describe complicated temporal phenomena of interest to the user. We then present algorithms for discovering calendric association rules, which are association rules that follow the patterns set forth in the user supplied calendar expressions. We devise various optimizations that speed up the discovery of calendric association rules. We show, through an extensive series of experiments, that these optimization techniques provide performance benefits ranging from 5% to 250% over a less sophisticated algorithm.
Abstract 14035: High Levels of Antibodies Against Phosphorylcholine and Modified LdL in Combination Confers 8-9 Times Increased Protection Against Atherosclerosis Increase Among Patients With Hypertension: Possible Implications for Immune Therapy (2011)

Objective: To determine combinations of antibodies of IgM isotype against phosphorylcholine (anti-PC) and modified forms of low density lipoprotein (malondialdehyde modified (anti-MDALDL) or oxidiz...
Tunable homodyne detection using nonlinear optical signal processing to automatically lock a “local” pump laser to an incoming 20-to-40-Gbaud QPSK data signal (2014)

We propose and demonstrate tunable homodyne detection using nonlinear optical signal processing to automatically lock a “local” pump laser to an incoming 20-to-40-Gbaud QPSK data signal. Open eyes are obtained for both in-phase and quadrature components of the signal after ~200-km transmission over SMF-28 and DCF fibers. The BER performance of the proposed homodyne detection scheme is also compared with the conventional intradyne receiver.
Inhibitory Effect of Nicotine on Experimental Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis <i>In Vivo</i> and <i>In Vitro</i> (2004)

The incidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is lower in smokers than in nonsmokers. Because nicotine is immunosuppressive, we hypothesized that it could have a protective effect on HP induction in vivo. HP was induced in mice that were treated with nicotine either intraperitoneally (IP) (0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg/day) or intranasally (IN) (0.025 to 2.0 mg/kg/day). Both IP- and IN-treated animals had fewer bronchoalveolar lavage total cells and lymphocytes and a decreased lung tissue inflammation. IFN-gamma but not interleukin-10 mRNA expression was reduced in lung tissue of 2.0-mg/kg IN-treated animals. To test the effect of nicotine on alveolar macrophages, AMJ2-C11 cells were treated with nicotine and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, a causative agent of HP. Nicotine reduced tumor necrosis factor release and tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression after stimulation and decreased CD80 expression by 55% in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells and by 41% in S. rectivirgula-stimulated cells. We conclude that nicotine could be, at least in part, responsible for the protection observed in smokers against HP. The inhibitory effect of nicotine on alveolar macrophages could be one of the mechanisms involved.
Characterization of Threading Dislocations in Thin Germanium Layers by Defect Etching: Toward Chromium and HF-Free Solution (2008)

Defect etching is a fast and simple technique for the revelation of defects in single-crystalline materials. We propose here three different chemistries that allow accurate monitoring of the density of threading dislocations in germanium. This work especially focuses on solutions that have low etch rates and high selectivity in order to work on thin layers. Moreover, solutions that do not contain any carcinogenic nor HF acid are proposed in order to reduce the impact on environment and the risks for the user. A comparison of the etch rate and the selectivity toward defects is given as a function of the composition of the etching solutions (components and concentrations). A complete procedure for the proper determination of threading dislocation densities is also presented.
Cephalosporins. VI. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new 7.BETA.-((Z)-2-alkoxyimino-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido)-cephalosporins with a tetrazolopyridazine at the 3-position. (1983)

The synthesis and in vitro activity of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-alkoxyimino- 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl) acetamido]cephalosporins with a tetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazine at the 3-position are described. These cephalosporins showed excellent activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including beta-lactamase producing strains. The most interesting compound of the series was 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino acetamido] -3-(8-carboxytetrazolo[1,5-b]pyridazin-6-yl)- thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (9, FCE 20485) because of its extraordinarily long half-life and marked in vivo activity.
Stabilization of RNA through Absorption by Functionalized Mesoporous Silicate Nanospheres (2012)

The potential for encapsulating RNA within tunable, semi-permeable structures for storage and transportation purposes offers an interesting approach to the reduction of stringent storage requirements that often hamper the field application of genetic analysis methods. In this study, we assessed the potential for application of functionalized, porous silicate sorbents in maintaining nucleic acid integrity. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with and without incorporated stabilizing reagents were used to encapsulate triosephosphate isomerase mRNA of Arabidopsis thaliana. The absorption, elution, and the long-term stability of the RNA were monitored by using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The results indicate that adsorbed RNA can be eluted from the sorbents using simple buffers and employed directly for downstream molecular diagnostic assays without any further processing. RNA integrity can be maintained for extended time periods under refrigeration temperatures in the presence of covalently immobilized stabilizing compounds. This study provides initial evidence of the potential for application of MSNs in transportation and storage. They may also have utility in sample collection and processing in restrictive environments.
III–V-on-silicon photonic integrated circuits for communication and sensing applications (2015)

We review the integration of III-V semiconductors on silicon photonic integrated circuits as a way of realizing fully integrated silicon photonic transceivers and short-wave infrared spectroscopic sensors.
Machine Translation in the Year 2004 (2006)

Machine translation (MT) accuracy has recently increased, due to better techniques and to the availability of larger parallel training sets. Statistical MT systems are now able to translate across a wide variety of language pairs. This paper covers the basic elements of state-of-the-art, statistical MT, including modeling, decoding, evaluation, and data preparation.
Distributed Inter-Cell Interference Mitigation in OFDMA Wireless Data Networks (2008)

We consider the problem of distributed inter-cell interference mitigation in multi-carrier wireless cellular networks. Assuming that neighboring base stations can be coordinated, we optimize the network weighted sum-rate via binary power control. The weights account for different priorities of mobile terminals, and are periodically updated to maintain proportional fairness. We design two distributed algorithms for inter-cell coordination which converge to a state where no base station can individually change its activity status to improve the weighted sum-rate of the network. Numerical results show that these algorithms achieve a significant throughput gain, especially for cell-edge users (up to 20%), compared to a conventional proportional fair scheduling algorithm without inter-cell coordination. Remarkably, the proposed distributed algorithms require limited feedback and achieve most of the throughput gain within few iterations.
Quantification of keratan sulfate in blood as a marker of cartilage catabolism (1985)

We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent-inhibition assay which makes use of a monoclonal antibody specific for keratan sulfate to quantify keratan sulfate present as single chains in adult human serum. In adults hospitalized with conditions not thought to affect the turnover of keratan sulfate-containing tissues, the serum levels varied from individual to individual (53-1,009 ng/ml) but did not show significant differences with respect to age, sex, or disease category. There were no significant differences between the serum levels of adult hospitalized patients and those of nonhospitalized normal adults. In contrast, the concentration of keratan sulfate in the sera of children aged 5-12 was significantly higher. No keratan sulfate was detected in the sera of 3 adult patients with macular corneal dystrophy, an inherited disorder of the cornea. This may indicate that individuals with macular corneal dystrophy have no keratan sulfate-containing proteoglycans in their cartilage. Adult patients with osteoarthritis have significantly higher concentrations of circulating keratan sulfate. This suggests that the assay could prove valuable in monitoring increased cartilage catabolism in joint diseases.
Timing-jitter reduction for a dispersion-managed soliton system: experimental evidence (1997)

We have measured the timing jitter for dispersion-managed solitons in a recirculating loop for distances up to 20,000 km. The data were obtained with modulated data, 2(7) - 1 and 2(23) - 1 pseudorandom binary sequence patterns, at 10-Gbit/s rates and with an unmodulated pulse train at 10 GHz. We have obtained good agreement with our data, using a filtered Gordon-Haus model for the timing jitter reduced by the energy enhancement of our solitons relative to solitons in a fiber with a constant dispersion equal to our map's path-average dispersion. We have also measured a bit-error rate of <10(-9) at a distance of 15,000 km.