gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of an efficient architecture for real-time image enhancement based on a luma-dependent nonlinear approach (2004)

A luminance dependent nonlinear image enhancement algorithm is proposed in this paper. Luma-dependent nonlinear enhancement (LDNE) is a luminance based multi-scale center/surround retinex algorithm, which achieves simultaneous dynamic range compression, color consistency and lightness rendition. Compared to other image enhancement algorithms, LDNE provides better color fidelity, specifies fewer parameters, enhances less noise, prevents the unwanted luminance drop at the uniform luminance areas, keeps the 'bright' background unaffected, and enhances well the 'dark' objects in 'bright' background. To support real time applications, an FPGA based co-processor is designed to perform some of the most computationally intensive operation in LDNE algorithm. Estimation techniques are introduced in the hardware algorithmic designed to achieve faster, simpler and more efficient architecture which is capable of processing more than 21 frames per second.
A long-duration dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor (DSM265) for prevention and treatment of malaria (2015)

Malaria is one of the most significant causes of childhood mortality, but disease control efforts are threatened by resistance of the Plasmodium parasite to current therapies. Continued progress in combating malaria requires development of new, easy to administer drug combinations with broad-ranging activity against all manifestations of the disease. DSM265, a triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitor of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), is the first DHODH inhibitor to reach clinical development for treatment of malaria. We describe studies profiling the biological activity, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties, and safety of DSM265, which supported its advancement to human trials. DSM265 is highly selective toward DHODH of the malaria parasite Plasmodium, efficacious against both blood and liver stages of P. falciparum, and active against drug-resistant parasite isolates. Favorable pharmacokinetic properties of DSM265 are predicted to provide therapeutic concentrations for more than 8 days after a single oral dose in the range of 200 to 400 mg. DSM265 was well tolerated in repeat-dose and cardiovascular safety studies in mice and dogs, was not mutagenic, and was inactive against panels of human enzymes/receptors. The excellent safety profile, blood- and liver-stage activity, and predicted long half-life in humans position DSM265 as a new potential drug combination partner for either single-dose treatment or once-weekly chemoprevention. DSM265 has advantages over current treatment options that are dosed daily or are inactive against the parasite liver stage.
Regulating vacuum pump speed with feedback control. Final report (1992)

Considerable energy is wasted by the vacuum pump/motor on dairy farms. The output capacity (m{sup 3}/min or cfm) of the vacuum pump always exceeds the capacity needed to milk cows and wash pipelines. Vacuum pumps run at full speed and load regardless of actual need for air. Excess air is admitted through a controller. Energy can be saved from electrical demand reduced by regulating vacuum pump speed according to air based on air usage. An adjustable speed drive (ASD) on the motor and controlled based upon air usage, can reduce the energy used by the vacuum pump. However, the ASD unit tested could not maintain vacuum levels within generally accepted guidelines when air usage changed. Adding a high vacuum reserve and a dual vacuum controller between the vacuum pump and the milking pipeline brought vacuum stability within guidelines. The ASD/dual vacuum system can reduce energy consumption and demand by at least 50 percent during milking and provide better vacuum stability than conventional systems. Tests were not run during washing cycles. Using 1990 costs and only the energy saved during milking, the simple payback on investment in new equipment for a 5 hp motor, speed controller and vacuum regulator would bemore » about 5 years.« less
AutoVOI: real‐time automatic prescription of volume‐of‐interest for single voxel spectroscopy (2018)

Robust automatic VOI prescription is feasible and can help facilitate clinical adoption of MRS by avoiding operator dependence of manual selection.
Efficient discovery of error-tolerant frequent itemsets in high dimensions (2001)

We present a generalization of frequent itemsets allowing for the notion of errors in the itemset definition. We motivate the problem and present an efficient algorithm that identifies error-tolerant frequent clusters of items in transactional data (customer-purchase data, web browsing data, text, etc.). The algorithm exploits sparseness of the underlying data to find large groups of items that are correlated over database records (rows). The notion of transaction coverage allows us to extend the algorithm and view it as a fast clustering algorithm for discovering segments of similar transactions in binary sparse data. We evaluate the new algorithm on three real-world applications: clustering high-dimensional data, query selectivity estimation and collaborative filtering. Results show that the algorithm consistently uncovers structure in large sparse databases that other traditional clustering algorithms fail to find.
RFC-directed differential testing of certificate validation in SSL/TLS implementations (2018)

Certificate validation in Secure Socket Layer or Transport Layer Security protocol (SSL/TLS) is critical to Internet security. Thus, it is significant to check whether certificate validation in SSL/TLS is correctly implemented. With this motivation, we propose a novel differential testing approach which is directed by the standard Request For Comments (RFC). First, rules of certificates are extracted automatically from RFCs. Second, low-level test cases are generated through dynamic symbolic execution. Third, high-level test cases, i.e. certificates, are assembled automatically. Finally, with the assembled certificates being test cases, certificate validations in SSL/TLS implementations are tested to reveal latent vulnerabilities or bugs. Our approach named RFCcert has the following advantages: (1) certificates of RFCcert are discrepancy-targeted since they are assembled according to standards instead of genetics; (2) with the obtained certificates, RFCcert not only reveals the invalidity of traditional differential testing but also is able to conduct testing that traditional differential testing cannot do; and (3) the supporting tool of RFCcert has been implemented and extensive experiments show that the approach is effective in finding bugs of SSL/TLS implementations.
Organic Electrochemical Transistors as Versatile Analytical Potentiometric Sensors (2019)

Potentiometric transduction is an important tool of analytical chemistry to record chemical signals, but some constraints in the miniaturization and low-cost fabrication of the reference electrode are a bottleneck in the realization of more-advanced devices such as wearable and lab-on-a-chip sensors. Here, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) has been designed with an alternative architecture that allows to record the potentiometric signals of gate electrodes, which have been chemically modified to obtain Ag/Ag<sub>n</sub>X interfaces (X = Cl<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup>, I<sup>-</sup>, and S<sup>2-</sup>), without the use of a reference electrode. When the OECT is immersed in a sample solution, it reaches an equilibrium state, because PEDOT:PSS exchanges charges with the electrolyte until its Fermi level is aligned to the one of Ag/Ag<sub>n</sub>X. The latter is controlled by X<sup>n-</sup> concentration in the solution. As a consequence, in this spontaneous process, the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS changes with the electrochemical potential of the modified gate electrode without any external bias. The sensor works by applying only a fixed drain current or drain voltage and thus the OECT sensor operates with just two terminals. It is also demonstrated that, in this configuration, gate potential values extracted from the drain current are in good agreement with the ones measured with respect to a reference electrode being perfectly correlated (linear slope equal to 1.00 ± 0.03). In the case of the sulfide anion, the OECT performance overcomes the limit represented by the Nernst equation, with a sensitivity of 0.52 V decade<sup>-1</sup>. The presented results suggest that OECTs could be a viable option to fabricate advanced sensors based on potentiometric transduction.
Heritability Estimates for Fatty Acid Concentration in Angus Beef (2007)

Genetic control of fatty acid composition in grain-fed beef calves was evaluated when the fatty acids are measured on a percentage of lipid basis and on a mg of fatty acid / g of beef basis. Fatty acids of concern for human health (e.g. 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1) show evidence of having genetic control. Heritability estimates for these five fatty acids indicate stronger genetic control when fatty acid concentrations are expressed on a percentage of lipid basis (h2 = 0.20 to 0.49) than when expressed on a mg of fatty acid / g of beef basis (h2 = 0.12 to 0.27). However, there may be some concern that selection for a healthier fatty acid composition may come through an overall decrease of lipid within the beef. This would have significant consequences for production of high quality beef in the U.S. Our goal was to identify tools which will allow for selection of a healthier fatty acid profile with similar or increased lipid within beef. The results of this study indicate that a selection scheme based on fatty acids expressed on a percentage of lipid basis with maintenance of lipid concentration as a selection goal would be the most likely selection scheme to utilize for improving the healthfulness of U.S. beef.
Biochemical and Docking Analysis of Polyisoprenylated Methylated Protein Methyl Esterase with Substrates (2010)

Polyisprenylated proteins (PP) methylation by polyisoprenylated protein methyl transferase (PPMTase) is counteracted by polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase), making it the only reversible step of the polyisoprenylation pathway. Since PMPMEase and PPMTase may influence both the structural and functional conformations of PP, a thorough study of these enzymes is essential to our understanding of the physiology of PP. PMPMEase has been reported under various pseudonyms because of its apparent broad substrate metabolism. The current study aimed to reveal its role as the endogenous polyisoprenylation‐specific esterase. A series of N‐, S‐ and O‐substituted substrates were analyzed by Michaelis‐Menten kinetics using porcine liver PMPMEase and in silico determination of binding affinities using Arguslab. Consistent with the biochemical analysis, the S‐ethyl analog yielded an AScore binding energy of −11.32 compared to −13.48, −14.88, −16.15 and −16.81 kcal/mol for S‐prenyl (C‐5), S‐trans‐geranyl (C‐10), S‐trans, trans‐farnesyl (C‐15) and S‐all trans‐geranylgeranyl (C‐20), respectively. As judged by the KM and AScore values, substrates with the natural modifications have the highest affinity for PMPMEase. The results demonstrate that PP are the likely endogenous substrates for PMPMEase.
TextureMontage (2005)

We propose a technique, called TextureMontage, to seamlessly map a patchwork of texture images onto an arbitrary 3D model. A texture atlas can be created through the specification of a set of correspondences between the model and any number of texture images. First, our technique automatically partitions the mesh and the images, driven solely by the choice of feature correspondences. Most charts will then be parameterized over their corresponding image planes through the minimization of a distortion metric based on both geometric distortion and texture mismatch across patch boundaries and images. Lastly, a surface texture inpainting technique is used to fill in the remaining charts of the surface with no corresponding texture patches. The resulting texture mapping satisfies the (sparse or dense) user-specified constraints while minimizing the distortion of the texture images and ensuring a smooth transition across the boundaries of different mesh patches. Seamless Texturing of Arbitrary Surfaces From Multiple Images
Restoration of antenna parameters in scattering environments using electromagnetic cloaking (2008)

It is proposed that electromagnetic cloaks be used as effective shielding devices which enable improved antenna performance in highly scattering, multiple-antenna environments. In multiple frequency, multiple-antenna environments, each antenna is enclosed in a dispersive cloak that is designed to operate at the transmitting frequencies of the neighboring antennas. The loading effect of large objects in close proximity to a radiating antenna can be removed by enclosing the scatterer with a cloak. Application of cloaks to microwave antenna shielding only requires narrow band performance, which can be realized using currently available metamaterials technology.
The Prospective Risk Adjustment System (1999)

The Episode Classification System is intended to perform two tasks. First, it will be a prospective capitation risk adjuster and predict future health care costs. It will do this by assigning each individual a single capitation risk adjustment category based on an analysis of the medical history and of health care services rendered during a specific period of time. Second, the Episode Classification System will create retrospective severity adjusted Episodes of illness or Episodes of Care. These latter Episodes will provide a framework for relating patient characteristics to the amount, type, and duration of services provided during the treatment of a specific disease. These Episodes will give users the ability to understand past costs and the risk of mortality. As such they will form the basis for provider profiling by allowing users to analyze a complete clinical episode.
High speed 3D scanner with real-time 3D processing (2005)

A novel sensor with real-time 3D processing capable of scanning an object at very high speeds (greater than 500,000 3D points/second) and creating high-resolution surface maps has been developed. The ranging technique of laser triangulation is implemented with a high-resolution camera, a laser diode, and processing electronics incorporated into a small sensor package that traverses linearly or rotates from a fixed position to scan over an object. Processing is done on board the instrument in real time and the resultant 3D data is transmitted to a PC. The sensing system was developed for the NASA Mars rover program and for the inspection of shuttle thermal protection system (tiles) radiator, and structures
<title>Active noise control using piezoelectric actuator for a machine</title> (1994)

The use of active noise control applied to an industrial machine is investigated. The control system consists of an analog controller, an optical synchronous sensor, an error microphone, and an actuator. The signal from the optical sensor, which is synchronized with the impacts, is compensated by the controller and then sent to the actuator. The controller automatically adjusts itself according to the error signal to get maximum noise reduction. Instead of the more traditional loudspeakers used in noise control systems, a piezoelectric actuator is developed to work in a harsh industrial environment. The actuator is basically a bending mode vibrator made of aluminum and PZT (lead zirconate titanate) plates and is able to work in the frequency range of interest. A computer program based on the finite element approach was developed to aid the design of the actuator. The predicted output and the measured one agree very well. The system is tested in a laboratory setup by replaying the noise recorded from the machine. A reduction of 10 dB(A) is achieved.
Experiments with a diffuser augmented model wind turbine (1982)

The initial stages of the experimental development of the diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT) employed various screen meshes to simulate the energy extraction mechanisms of a wind turbine. In this investigation in a 2 x 3 m (and x 10 ft) wind tunnel, a three bladed constant chord, untwisted turbine model was incorporated into a DAWT model. 8 refs.
Optimizing user association and activation fractions in heterogeneous wireless networks (2015)

We consider the problem of maximizing the alphafairness utility over the downlink of a heterogeneous wireless network (HetNet) by jointly optimizing the association of users to transmission points (TPs) and the activation fractions of all TPs. Activation fraction of each TP is the fraction of the frame duration for which it is active, and together these fractions influence the interference seen in the network. To address this joint optimization problem we adopt an approach wherein the activation fractions and the user associations are optimized in an alternating manner. The sub-problem of determining the optimal activation fractions is solved using an auxiliary function method that we show is provably convergent and is amenable to distributed implementation. On the other hand, the sub-problem of determining the user association is solved via a simple combinatorial algorithm. Meaningful performance guarantees are derived and a distributed variant offering identical guarantees is also proposed. The significant benefits of using the proposed algorithms are then demonstrated via realistic simulations.
Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Polystyrene-<i>Block</i>-Poly(ethylene-<i>ran</i>-butylene)-<i>Block</i>-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymers: Cation Stability and Fuel Cell Performance (2017)

A series of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were synthesized via chloromethylation of SEBS followed by quaternization with trimethylamine (TMA). SEBS-based AEMs functionalized with TMA+ cations exhibited a hydroxide ion conductivity of 136 mS/cm at 70°C. This membrane exhibited a phase-separated morphology with wide and interconnected ionic channels as observed by atomic force microscopy. Poly (phenylene oxide) (PPO)-based AEMs with quaternary benzyl-trimethylammonium (TMA+) and quaternary benzyl-tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) phosphonium (TTMPP+) and PPO-based AEMs with hexyl pendant chains were also synthesized and evaluated as binders in AMFC electrodes. PPO-based AEMs functionalized with TTMPP+ demonstrated the best ex situ alkaline stability, losing only 9% of their ion-exchange-capacity after 30 days in 1M KOH (at 60°C). The best in situ stability was achieved by SEBS-based MEAs (as membrane and as binder in the electrodes); The peak power density dropped approx. 35% after holding the cell at a constant voltage of 0.55V for 12 hours. Fuel cell performance with SEBS-based AEMs resulted in peak power densities of 300 mW/cm2 at 70°C. The optimum performance was obtained with MEAs made with SEBS-based AEMs and PPO-based ionomers containing a hexyl pendant chain.
Contact and junction engineering in bulk FinFET technology for improved ESD/latch-up performance with design trade-offs and its implications on hot carrier reliability (2018)

In this work, the role of contact and junction engineering to improve ESD, Latch-up robustness as well as hot carrier reliability is discussed using 3D TCAD simulations. A FinFET technology calibrated to published data of a 14 nm technology is investigated. S/D contact and junction engineering in FinFETs can boost the ESD robustness by a factor of 6x compared to the basic process, however, adversely affects the hot carrier reliability. The trade-off of the essential technology guidelines for maximizing the overall reliability behavior and ESD/LU robustness are derived. Based on these guidelines, a hybrid contact/junction technology is proposed.
Role of Erbin in ErbB2-dependent breast tumor growth (2014)

ErbB2 (v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2), a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family, is overexpressed in around 25% of breast cancers. In addition to forming a heterodimer with other ErbB receptors in response to ligand stimulation, ErbB2 can be activated in a ligand-independent manner. We report here that Erbin, an ErbB2-interacting protein that was thought to act as an antitumor factor, is specifically expressed in mammary luminal epithelial cells and facilitates ErbB2-dependent proliferation of breast cancer cells and tumorigenesis in MMTV-neu transgenic mice. Disruption of their interaction decreases ErbB2-dependent proliferation, and deletion of the PDZ domain in Erbin hinders ErbB2-dependent tumor development in MMTV-neu mice. Mechanistically, Erbin forms a complex with ErbB2, promotes its interaction with the chaperon protein HSP90, and thus prevents its degradation. Finally, ErbB2 and Erbin expression correlates in human breast tumor tissues. Together, these observations establish Erbin as an ErbB2 regulator for breast tumor formation and progression.
Starch-Lubricant Compositions for Improved Lubricity and Fluid Loss in Water-Based Drilling Muds (2003)

Abstract Development of water-based mud systems that approach the performance of oil-based muds is an ongoing effort. Starch-lubricant compositions were developed as environmentally safe, non-toxic, stable dispersions in water-based drilling muds. Starch-lubricant compositions were prepared by jet cooking mixtures of water, starch, and lubricant to produce aqueous starch dispersions containing suspended lubricant droplets 1-10 microns in diameter. These droplets do not separate or coalesce. The dispersions were drum dried and milled to dry, non-oily powders containing 28% lubricant by weight. These dry powders were then tested at 5 lb/barrel in laboratory-prepared lignosulfonate drilling muds. Various commercial olefins, esters and/or polybutenes were evaluated as lubricants. Standard laboratory tests indicated that starch-lubricant compositions lowered both API and HTHP fluid loss values. More importantly, coefficient of friction values were 12-25% of the untreated base mud and were similar to the average values for oil-based muds. Muds formulated with starch-lubricant compositions usually contained only 0.5% lubricant (v/v), yet performed better than a typical field mud control containing 3% lubricant (v/v). These exceptionally good results with one-sixth the amount of a typical lubricant suggest that the size and distribution of lubricant droplets achieved in these systems may enhance lubricant efficiency. Therefore, further investigation of such formulations is warranted, including a field test to evaluate the advantages of this newly-patented technology.
Uniquely and arbitrarily shaped laser resonators using 2D InAsP/InP photonic crystals (2013)

Uniquely and arbitrarily shaped photonic crystal laser cavities were designed, fabricated and characterised. Room temperature lasing emitting at about 1550 nm was observed for all devices when photopumped by an 830 nm wavelength pulse laser with a pulse width of 100 ns. Continuous‐wave lasing was even observed for select devices.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscope: For DARPA's micro-technology for positioning, navigation and timing program (2012)

Information on the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyro under development by Northrop Grumman Corporation is presented. The basics of Operation are summarized, a review of the completed phases is presented, and the current state of development and progress in phase 4 is discussed. Many details have been left out for the sake of brevity, but the principles are still complete.