gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Polymerization of Tetrafluoroethylene in a Capacitively Coupled Discharge with Internal Electrodes (1979)

A capacitively coupled reactor designed to permit continuous coating of a moving substrate with plasma polymer has been described [1]. In this paper the results of a study of the plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in such a reactor presented. Plasma polymer has been deposited on aluminum electrodes as well as on an aluminum foil substrate placed midway between electrodes. The study particularly explores conditions in which deposition is minimized on the electrode. For this reason the chemical nature of the polymer formed in a low flow rate (F = 2 cm3 (S.T.P.)/min) and low pressure (pm = 60 millitorr) plasma has been analyzed by the use of ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) and deposition rate determinations. This method combined with the unusual characteristics of TFE plasma polymerization (described below) has yielded information concerning the distribution of power in the inter-electrode gap. The effects of frequency (13.56 MHz, 10 Khz
Joint resource provisioning and admission control in wireless virtualized networks (2015)

This paper studies joint resource provisioning and admission control in wireless virtualized networks (WVN), where one base station of an OFDMA-based wireless network is virtualized into two types of slices with resource-based and rate-based reservations. Aiming to maximize the total rate of WVN, first, the resource provisioning optimization problems are formulated by guaranteeing a minimum requirement for each slice. Via constraint relaxation and variable transformations, an iterative algorithm is developed for power and sub-carrier allocation. Due to the channel variations, WVN suffers from non-zero outage probability, i.e., slice requirements cannot always be met. To prevent this issue, we present an admission control algorithm in which slice requirements are dynamically adjusted based on channel state information. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.
Surface Organometallic Chemistry of Titanium:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of (⋮Si−O)<i><sub>n</sub></i>Ti(CH<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>n</sub></i> (<i>n</i> = 1, 2) Grafted on Aerosil Silica and MCM-41 (2006)

The reaction of tetrakisneopentyl titanium, TiNp4 (1), with the surface of partially dehydroxylated Aerosil silica and MCM-41 and the reactivity of the resultant supported titanium alkyl product with water, alcohols, and oxygen are reported. Two methods of preparation have been investigated and compared for the grafting of TiNp4: (i) reaction of the support with the vapor of the sublimed complex and (ii) impregnation of the support with a solution of the complex. The second method appeared to be more reliable for “larger scale” preparations. The surface species thus obtained were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, solid state NMR, XAFS, elemental analysis, and various test reactions. Whereas on an Aerosil silica partially dehydroxylated at 500 °C, SiO2-(500), the surface complex is a monopodal titanium trisalkyl complex, ⋮SiO−Ti[CH2C(CH3)3]3, 2a, a bipodal titanium bisalkyl complex, (⋮SiO)2Ti[CH2C(CH3)3]2, 2b, is obtained as the major species (ca. 65%) with 2a on MCM-41(500). The reason for this difference in behavior is discussed on the basis of the surface structure. The results obtained from hydrolysis confirmed the structure proposed for the supported alkyl complexes. For the reaction of the alkyl surface complexes with alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, tBuOH), the surface compounds obtained were characterized by the same techniques and by XPS and UV−vis. The results are consistent with the formation of monosiloxytrisalkoxy titanium complexes on SiO2-(500), ⋮SiO−Ti(OR)3, 3aOR, and of ⋮SiO−Ti(OtBu)3, 3aOtBu, and (⋮SiO)2Ti(OtBu)2, 3bOtBu, on MCM-41(500), after reaction with tBuOH. The supported titanium alkyl, 2a, also reacts with oxygen, leading mainly to ⋮SiO−Ti[OCH2C(CH3)3]3, probably via an unstable surface compound such as ⋮SiO−Ti[OCH2C(CH3)3]2[OOCH2C(CH3)3], resulting from the incorporation of two molecules of oxygen in 2a.
IC Diagnostic with Time Resolved Photon Emission and CAD Auto-Channeling (2003)

Abstract The use of time resolved photon emission (TRPE) to compare internal measurements with simulations can dramatically reduce the time required for IC analysis. During debug, this technique makes it possible to probe only transistors of interest. Two limitations must be overcome: precise location of transistor photon emission areas and distinction between photons emitted by closely spaced transistors. Otherwise results may be seriously biased. Introducing CAD auto-channeling for TRPE makes it possible to generate virtual layers where emissions are expected. As a result, transistor TRPE areas can be automatically located and emission from nearby transistors is taken into account, thus significantly reducing the duration of IC analysis.
Mechanically insensitive afferents (MIAs) in cutaneous nerves of monkey (1991)

A problem in the study of nociceptors is that intense stimuli are used to locate the receptive field (RF), and thus the receptor may be damaged before the first responses are recorded. In addition, some nociceptors do not respond to the mechanical stimuli often used to search for the RF. To overcome these problems, an electrical search technique was developed to locate the RF of cutaneous nociceptors. In the hairy skin of anesthetized monkey, we used this technique to locate the RF of 63 A delta-fibers and 22 C-fibers that had extremely high thresholds or were unresponsive to mechanical stimuli. We refer to these afferents as mechanically insensitive afferents (MIAs). Ten A delta-fiber MIAs had a short latency response to stepped heat stimuli and could be responsible for first pain sensation. Five A delta-fiber MIAs and one C-fiber MIA did not respond to mechanical or heat stimuli but did respond to injection into the electrical RF of an artificial inflammatory soup containing histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandin E1, and serotonin. These chemoreceptors might be responsible for the pain and itch sensations that result from chemical stimuli. Some MIAs became more responsive to mechanical stimuli after injection into the RF of the inflammatory soup and, thus, may contribute to the hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli associated with cutaneous injury. A large proportion of the A delta-fiber (48%) and C-fiber (30%) afferents in this study were insensitive to mechanical stimuli. The role of these MIAs in sensation needs to be studied further. The electrical search technique enables a systematic study of these afferents to be performed. This technique may also be of use to identify and characterize dorsal horn neurons that have inputs from MIAs.
A modified priority based probe algorithm for distributed deadlock detection and resolution (1989)

A modified, priority-based probe algorithm for deadlock detection and resolution in distributed database system is presented. Various examples are used to show that the original priority-based algorithm, presented by M.K. Sinha and N. Natarajan (1985), either fails to detect deadlocks or reports deadlocks that do not exist in many situations. A modified algorithm that eliminates these problems is proposed. The algorithm has been tested through simulation and appears to be errorfree. The performance of the modified algorithm is briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
동아시아 촌락 담론을 통해 본 한국 촌락의 위상 -동아시아지역학에서 농민문화라는 관점- (2008)

근대전환기 한국 농촌은 외부세계에 대해 ``열린 촌락``의 양태를 취하고 있었다. 그러나 개항 이래 식민지의 경험은 한국의 촌락을 공동체라는 애매한 이미지 속에 가두어 놓고 있다. 대외 개방적 성격의 열린 촌락에도 불구하고 한국의 농민사회에 대한 닫힌 공동체로서의 애매한 이미지는, 식민지기 강력한 민족주의의 전개에도 불구하고 어쩌면 한국 농민의 심층을 흐르는 정체성의 모호함 때문일지도 모른다. 이러한 모호함은 식민지적 근대성과 쉽사리 소통할 수 없는 한국 농민의 정신사조(ethos)에 기인한다. 시장경제에 대한 부적응 또는 지연된 적응, 규율권력에 대한 거부감, 익숙한 것 즉, 민속에 대한 회귀 등이 농촌 촌락에서 전통·민속이라는 비공식적 채널의 필요성을 환기시켰던 것이다. 이같은 비공식적 채널은 일제 지배의 공식적 채널 즉, 동화정책과 동시에 진행되고 있었다. 차별과 동화의 이중 변주를 구사한 일본의 제국주의정책은 이를 더욱 증폭시켰다. 국가적 동원화가 강화될수록 농민 스스로의 자각에 의한 근대화는 한층 지체될 수밖에 없었다. 이 단계에서 촌락 농민들은 개인주의와 공동체주의 사이에서 ``전통의 창조``라는 새로운 선택 영역을 모색하였다. 경제·문화가 진보하면서 전통적 요소도 시대의 사회적 수요에 따라 재 창조되었던 것이다. 우리에게 농민의 ``유전자``가 소진되지 않는 한 공동체적 가치에 대한 노스텔지어도 결코 감소하지 않을 것이다.
Scavenging rate constants of hydrophilic antioxidants against multiple reactive oxygen species (2014)

Scavenging rate constants of eight hydrophilic antioxidants, including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, genistein, glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, rutin, trolox, and uric acid against multiple ROS, namely superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and alkoxyl radical were determined with the electron spin resonance method. Direct flash photolysis measurement of the second-order rate constant in the reaction of alkoxyl radical plus the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline N-oxide made it possible to evaluate scavenging rate constants in antioxidants. The magnitudes of scavenging rate constants were notably dependent on the character of each ROS and the overall rate constants were highest in hydroxyl radical scavenging and the lowest in superoxide anion. The highest scavenging rate constant against superoxide anion was obtained by chlorogenic acid (2.9 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)) and the lowest was by N-acetylcysteine (5.0 × 10(2) M(-1) s(-1)). For singlet oxygen, the highest was by glutathione (9.4 × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) and the lowest was by uric acid (2.3 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)). All other numbers are listed and illustrated. Redox potential measurements of the antioxidants indicated that the antioxidants are likely to react with superoxide anion and singlet oxygen through electron transfer processes.
Revealing Patterns within the Drilling Reports Using Text Mining Techniques for Efficient Knowledge Management (2016)

Abstract In the current market conditions, foreseeing drilling risks and mitigating all the surprises beforehand will greatly reduce development costs. Rig personnel use the risk and message object in WITSML schema and daily drilling reports to capture rig activity, findings, unfavorable events, 24 hours well summary, etc. All the information from these objects are not extracted and effectively utilized in well planning exercise. This paper focuses on a collaborative approach of using text mining and knowledge management practices to mine unfavorable events and best practices from daily drilling reports and integrating them with subsurface information management system for maintaining risk inventory and Geospatial analysis. The proposed approach applies Information retrieval, Extraction, Clustering, Pattern Identification and Knowledge Management on daily drilling reports from offset wells to identify any data that might be relevant to drilling anomalies and best practices. Text mining converts unstructured information within the reports to structured data that can be then stored within existing subsurface data management systems. The results of text mining can be integrated with Geospatial techniques to perform risk assessment by leveraging spatially distributed large datasets from offset wells. This collaborative approach improves extracting and sharing of the risks and best practices among experts across the globe and alerting users of upcoming risks. This approach also enables building an effective risk inventory that can be reused for future well planning purposes. Using this approach, risk assessment can be executed for every rig activity, user defined depth range, hole section / size and upcoming formation markers. The results from text mining approach can also be visualized on advanced User Interfaces providing a bird's eye view of well operations. This approach streamlines the evaluation of risks in the planning stage of the well and enables effective collaboration between the drilling, geological and geophysical teams during execution. It also improves risk management and knowledge management practices. With the proper training, a well-defined drilling process, sufficient data and tools for interpretation; drilling a well should become a routine process.
The database tool and the information assembly line (1986)

article The database tool and the information assembly line Share on Author: Gary W Strong View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCAS Computers and SocietyVolume 16Issue 1Spring 1986 pp 14–16https://doi.org/10.1145/15691.15695Online:01 April 1986Publication History 0citation123DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads123Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Glyph: Fast and Accurately Training Deep Neural Networks on Encrypted Data (2019)

Big data is one of the cornerstones to enabling and training deep neural networks (DNNs). Because of the lack of expertise, to gain benefits from their data, average users have to rely on and upload their private data to big data companies they may not trust. Due to the compliance, legal, or privacy constraints, most users are willing to contribute only their encrypted data, and lack interests or resources to join the training of DNNs in cloud. To train a DNN on encrypted data in a completely non-interactive way, a recent work proposes a fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)-based technique implementing all activations in the neural network by \textit{Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan (BGV)}-based lookup tables. However, such inefficient lookup-table-based activations significantly prolong the training latency of privacy-preserving DNNs. In this paper, we propose, Glyph, a FHE-based scheme to fast and accurately train DNNs on encrypted data by switching between TFHE (Fast Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Torus) and BGV cryptosystems. Glyph uses logic-operation-friendly TFHE to implement nonlinear activations, while adopts vectorial-arithmetic-friendly BGV to perform multiply-accumulation (MAC) operations. Glyph further applies transfer learning on the training of DNNs to improve the test accuracy and reduce the number of MAC operations between ciphertext and ciphertext in convolutional layers. Our experimental results show Glyph obtains the state-of-the-art test accuracy, but reduces the training latency by $99\%$ over the prior FHE-based technique on various encrypted datasets.
Understanding Noncovalent Interactions: Ligand Binding Energy and Catalytic Efficiency from Ligand‐Induced Reductions in Motion within Receptors and Enzymes (2004)

Noncovalent interactions are sometimes treated as additive and this enables useful average binding energies for common interactions in aqueous solution to be derived. However, the additive approach is often not applicable, since noncovalent interactions are often either mutually reinforcing (positively cooperative) or mutually weakening (negatively cooperative). Ligand binding energy is derived (positively cooperative binding) when a ligand reduces motion within a receptor. Similarly, transition-state binding energy is derived in enzyme-catalyzed reactions when the substrate transition state reduces the motions within an enzyme. Ligands and substrates can in this way improve their affinities for these proteins. The further organization occurs with a benefit in bonding (enthalpy) and a limitation in dynamics (cost in entropy), but does not demand the making of new noncovalent interactions, simply the strengthening of existing ones. Negative cooperativity induces converse effects: less efficient packing, a cost in enthalpy, and a benefit in entropy.
Histone H2A.Z and homologues of components of the SWR1 complex are required to control immunity in Arabidopsis (2007)

One of the mechanisms involved in chromatin remodelling is so-called 'histone replacement'. An example of such a mechanism is the substitution of canonical H2A histone by the histone variant H2A.Z. The ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complex SWR1 is responsible for this action in yeast. We have previously proposed the existence of an SWR1-like complex in Arabidopsis by demonstrating genetic and physical interaction of the components SEF, ARP6 and PIE1, which are homologues of the yeast Swc6 and Arp6 proteins and the core ATPase Swr1, respectively. Here we show that histone variant H2A.Z, but not canonical H2A histone, interacts with PIE1. Plants mutated at loci HTA9 and HTA11 (two of the three Arabidopsis H2A.Z-coding genes) displayed developmental abnormalities similar to those found in pie1, sef and arp6 plants, exemplified by an early-flowering phenotype. Comparison of gene expression profiles revealed that 65% of the genes differentially regulated in hta9 hta11 plants were also mis-regulated in pie1 plants. Detailed examination of the expression data indicated that the majority of mis-regulated genes were related to salicylic acid-dependent immunity. RT-PCR and immunoblotting experiments confirmed constitutive expression of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker genes in pie1, hta9 hta11 and sef plants. Variations observed at the molecular level resulted in phenotypic alterations such as spontaneous cell death and enhanced resistance to the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Thus, our results support the existence in Arabidopsis of an SWR1-like chromatin remodelling complex that is functionally related to that described in yeast and human, and attribute to this complex a role in maintaining a repressive state of the SAR response.
Model Gender Interacts With Expressed Emotion to Enhance Startle: Angry Male and Happy Female Faces Produce the Greatest Potentiation (2020)

Several studies have implied gender differences in startle reaction to emotional facial expressions. However, few studies have been designed to investigate the difference between responding to emotional female vs. male faces, nor gender differences in responses. The present experiment investigated startle EMG responses to a startle probe while viewing pictures of neutral, happy, angry, fearful, and sad facial expressions presented by female and male models. Participants were divided into female and male groups. Results showed that emotional facial expressions interact with model gender to produce startle potentiation to a probe: greater responses were found while viewing angry expressions by male models, and while viewing happy faces by female models. There were no differences in responses between male and female participants. We argue that these findings underline theimportance of controlling for model gender in research using facial expressions as stimuli.
Sample size for detecting differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments (2004)

Factors that affect power and sample size calculations include variability of the population, the desired detectable differences, the power to detect the differences, and an acceptable error rate. In addition, experimental design, technical variability and data pre-processing play a role in the power of the statistical tests in microarrays. We show that the number of samples required for detecting a 2-fold change with 90% probability and a p-value of 0.01 in humans is much larger than the number of samples commonly used in present day studies, and that far fewer individuals are needed for the same statistical power when using inbred animals rather than unrelated human subjects.
Inferring Expertise in Knowledge and Prediction Ranking Tasks (2012)

We apply a cognitive modeling approach to the problem of measuring expertise on rank ordering problems. In these problems, people must order a set of items in terms of a given criterion (e.g., ordering American holidays through the calendar year). Using a cognitive model of behavior on this problem that allows for individual differences in knowledge, we are able to infer people's expertise directly from the rankings they provide. We show that our model-based measure of expertise outperforms self-report measures, taken both before and after completing the ordering of items, in terms of correlation with the actual accuracy of the answers. These results apply to six general knowledge tasks, like ordering American holidays, and two prediction tasks, involving sporting and television competitions. Based on these results, we discuss the potential and limitations of using cognitive models in assessing expertise.
Silicon sub-micron-gap deep trench Pirani vacuum gauge for operation at atmospheric pressure (2011)

The operation of a bulk micromachined Pirani vacuum gauge at atmospheric pressure is demonstrated. The device is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with a 5 µm thick device layer by using a one-mask, deep etching process. The 250 nm wide vertical gap fabricated by the deep etching of silicon has made operation at atmospheric pressure possible. The pressure range dependence on the change in the length of the heater and the length of the gap is discussed. Further, the performance dependence on different gaps is measured using 1.5 µm and 5.5 µm wide gaps. Measurement from 4 to 101 300 Pa is performed, and high sensitivity from 1000 to 101 300 Pa is confirmed.
Invariant natural killer T cell–natural killer cell interactions dictate transplantation outcome after α-galactosylceramide administration (2009)

Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) have pivotal roles in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. iNKT cells are activated through their T-cell receptors by glycolipid moieties (typically the alpha-galactosylceramide [alpha-GalCer] derivative KRN7000) presented within CD1d. We investigated the ability of modified alpha-GalCer molecules to differentially modulate alloreactivity and GVL. KRN7000 and the N-acyl variant, C20:2, were administered in multiple well-established murine models of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The highly potent and specific activation of all type I NKT cells with C20:2 failed to exacerbate and in most settings inhibited GVHD late after transplantation, whereas effects on GVL were variable. In contrast, the administration of KRN7000 induced hyperacute GVHD and early mortality in all models tested. Administration of KRN7000, but not C20:2, was found to result in downstream interleukin (IL)-12 and dendritic cell (DC)-dependent natural killer (NK)- and conventional T-cell activation. Specific depletion of host DCs, IL-12, or donor NK cells prevented this pathogenic response and the induction of hyperacute GVHD. These data demonstrate the ability of profound iNKT activation to modulate both the innate and adaptive immune response via the DC-NK-cell interaction and raise concern for the use of alpha-GalCer therapeutically to modulate GVHD and GVL effects.