gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorinated, Soluble Polyimides with High Glass-Transition Temperatures Based on a New, Rigid, Pentacyclic Dianhydride (1993)

Polyimides have experienced ever increasing use in the electronics industry due to their excellent combination of thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. In recent years, fluorinated polyimides have been investigated as materials with the potential for reduced dielectric constant and moisture absorption over conventional polyimides. Fluorinated polyimides based on 6FDA, have been shown to indeed yield low dielectric constant and lower moisture absorption (1), but typically are solvent sensitive and have undesirably high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Recent work in our laboratory (2) has dealt with the combination of fluorinated monomers with a rigid, quasi rod-like structure as a method for producing polyimides which have not only low dielectric constant and moisture absorption, but low CTE and reduced solvent sensitivity. This work was based on new fluorinated dianhydrides, 9,9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,3,6,7-xanthenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (6FCDA) and its 9-trifluoromethyl-9-phenyl-analog (3FCDA) which have a rigid, tricyclic structure. As an offshoot of this work, we have also
Quick Eviction of Virtual Machines through Proactive Snapshots (2016)

Live migration of Virtual Machines (VMs) is a key technique to quickly migrate workloads in response to events such as impending failure or load changes. Despite extensive research, state-of-the-art live migration approaches take a long time to migrate a VM, which in turn negatively impacts the application performance during migration. We present, Quick Eviction, a new approach to significantly speed up the eviction of a VM from the source host with low impact on VM's performance during migration. Before migration, Quick Eviction regularly snapshots the VM's memory to a destination or a failover node. During the actual migration, Quick Eviction has to transfer only a small amount of dirtied memory resulting in a very short time to completely evict the VM out of the source. Our experimental results show that Quick Eviction in the KVM/QEMU platform significantly reduces the eviction time.
Abstract 3564: Anti-tumor effect and HIF1α inhibition by combining CDK4 inhibitor with HSP90 inhibitor in various cancer types including Rb-deficient tumor cells (2020)

Abstract As solid tumors outgrow their oxygen supply, regions with abnormal vasculature become poorly oxygenated, known as intratumoral hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is the main mediator to hypoxia and promotes angiogenesis, cell survival as well as cancer metastases. Overexpression of HIF1α is correlated with poor prognosis in many malignancies such as colorectal cancers. Targeting HIF1α is a potential strategy for cancer therapy. We have previously shown that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) stabilizes HIF1α through direct phosphorylation of its Ser668 residue in a Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-independent manner both under hypoxia and at G2/M under normoxia (Warfel et al., 2013). It has been acknowledged that the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is also a VHL-independent HIF1α stabilizer (Isaacs JS et al., 2002). We found that CDK1 may contribute to HSP90-mediated HIF1α stabilization. Combination treatment of HSP90 inhibition and CDK1 knockdown reduces HIF1α expression in hypoxia more robustly than either single treatment. Dual inhibition of CDK1 and HSP90 synergistically decreases cell viability in colorectal cancer cells and suppresses colony formation. We have observed that CDK4 plays a role in HIF1α stabilization. Using the FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors (palbociclib & abemaciclib), we observed that dual inhibition of CDK4 and HSP90 synergistically inhibits cancer viability in colorectal cancer cell lines (eg. HCT116, SW480, DLD1) under both normoxia and hypoxia. Multiple HSP90 inhibitors have been tested, including ganetespib, onalespib, XL888 and TAS116, which indicates such combinational inhibition as a class effect. As expected, the combination treatment of CDK4 knockdown/inhibition and HSP90 inhibition is able to reduce the level of HIF1α and suppress cell viability in various cancer cell lines (eg. colorectal, glioblastoma, breast, and prostate cancers). The combination treatment induces PARP cleavage, indicating activated apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that knockdown of RB does not affect the response of HCT116 or SW480 cells to the combination treatment with abemaciclib and TAS116, although RB deficiency contributes to a relative resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor monotherapy. Combination of abemaciclib plus TAS116 inhibits cell viability in Rb-deficient cells (eg. H1048 and Saos2). Hypoxia sensitizes the Rb-deficient MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line to abemaciclib treatment. Our findings suggest a therapeutic potential for utilizing the combination of CDK4 and HSP90 inhibitors in cancer treatment. Citation Format: Shuai Zhao, Lanlan Zhou, David T. Dicker, Wafik S. El-Deiry. Anti-tumor effect and HIF1α inhibition by combining CDK4 inhibitor with HSP90 inhibitor in various cancer types including Rb-deficient tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3564.
Optical solenoid beams (2010)

We introduce optical solenoid beams, diffractionless solutions of the Helmholtz equation whose diffraction-limited in-plane intensity peak spirals around the optical axis, and whose wavefronts carry an independent helical pitch. Unlike other collimated beams of light, appropriately designed solenoid beams have the noteworthy property of being able to exert forces on illuminated objects that are directed opposite to the direction of the light's propagation. We demonstrate this through video microscopy observations of a colloidal sphere moving upstream along a holographically projected optical solenoid beam.
Unsupervised learning on k-partite graphs (2006)

Various data mining applications involve data objects of multiple types that are related to each other, which can be naturally formulated as a k-partite graph. However, the research on mining the hidden structures from a k-partite graph is still limited and preliminary. In this paper, we propose a general model, the relation summary network, to find the hidden structures (the local cluster structures and the global community structures) from a k-partite graph. The model provides a principal framework for unsupervised learning on k-partite graphs of various structures. Under this model, we derive a novel algorithm to identify the hidden structures of a k-partite graph by constructing a relation summary network to approximate the original k-partite graph under a broad range of distortion measures. Experiments on both synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the promise and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. We also establish the connections between existing clustering approaches and the proposed model to provide a unified view to the clustering approaches.
The business case for smart fault circuit indicators (2014)

Baltimore Gas and Electric (BGE) started implementing distribution automation (DA) into its distribution system operations in early 2000. The advances in communications and technology have resulted in ever increasing number of available DA applications. In order to investigate the effect of fault circuit indicators (FCIs) with remote communications on the distribution system reliability, BGE utilized FCIs as part of its Smart Grid Pilot Program. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the new optimization technique that has been developed internally in order to determine the optimal location and optimum number of FCIs on the distribution feeder. In addition, the methodology provides the expected CAIDI values, cost-benefit analysis and financial analysis that helps the creation of the business case for the FCI implementation across the whole system.
A Cell-Sparing Electric Field Stimulation Technique for High-Throughput Screening of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels (2006)

The Trans Cell Layer Electrical Field Stimulation (TCL-EFS) system has been developed for high-throughput screening (HTS) of voltage-gated ion channels in microplate format on a Voltage-Ion Probe Reader (VIPR) platform. In this design, a wire electrode is placed above the cell layer of each filter well, and a whole plate perimeter electrode resides beneath the filter layer. This configuration allows the electrodes to be placed away from the cell layer to minimize the near electrode field effects on cell function and dye bleaching observed with other existing designs. Mathematical simulation indicates that the electric field at the cell layer becomes uniform as the top electrode is raised to a position near the surface of the solution in the well. Using the TCL-EFS system and membrane potential fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) dyes, the sensitivity of voltage-gated sodium channels to tetrodotoxin and other channel inhibitors was found to be similar to those determined by established electrophysiological and more conventional VIPR techniques. A good correlation was also observed with the TCL-EFS system for inhibition of Cav2.2 by omega-conotoxin-GVIA and for block of Cav1.2 by known small molecule inhibitors. Thus, the TCLEFS system is suitable for both quantitative analysis and HTS of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, without the liabilities of previously reported EFS methodologies.
Petri net-based real-time scheduling of time-constrained single-arm cluster tools with activity time variation (2012)

It is challenging to schedule time-constrained cluster tools subject to activity time variation. With the help of their Petri net model, a real-time control policy is used to offset the activity time variation. Based on it, the schedulability conditions and scheduling algorithms are presented for single-arm cluster tools. The schedulability conditions can be analytically checked. Algorithms are developed based on analytical expressions such that it is also computationally efficient. The schedule obtained by the scheduling algorithms together with a real-time control policy forms the real-time schedule. It is optimal in terms of cycle time.
On the Non-Intrusive Determination of Electron Density in the Sheath of a Spherical Probe (2007)

Abstract : A new method of determining probe/antenna plasma sheath parameters has been developed. For low neutral pressure environments in the absence of a magnetic field, the method provides these quantities from a probe/antenna surface through the sheath, pre-sheath, and into the bulk plasma. For high pressure environments, where conventional resonances are strongly damped, it can determine bulk plasma density. The paper cites commonly used methods of finding electron density/temperatue and points out the inadequacy of each to make sheath measurements in the general case. The primary advantage of the method lies in the fact that a non-perturbative rf signal is applied to the probe/antenna for the determination and this makes the measurement independent of complicating influences such as secondary electron emission, surface conditions, and ion mass. Because of this, the ac impedance depends on frequency but not on the dc voltage unlike a typical Langmuir probe. In this paper, we concentrate on the low pressure regime.
Reductive depolymerization of waste plastics and lignin using molecular catalysts (2017)

International audience
Supplementation of L-carnitine and paylean improve growth performance of pigs in a commercial finishing facility (2002)

Our previous experiments evaluating the interactive effects of dietary L-carnitine and Paylean have primarily focused on improved meat quality benefits of feeding carnitine in combination with Paylean. Although there were numeric trends for improved growth performance in the previous experiments conducted at university facilities, the responses were not statistically significant. A recent study conducted in a commercial finishing facility demonstrated improved growth performance in pigs fed carnitine for the 4-week period prior to slaughter. The cause for the growth response observed in the commercial facility compared to the two previous studies conducted at a university research facility may have been related to feed intake, stress, or the larger sample size compared to the first studies. In addition, pigs in the commercial facility study were fed carnitine from 97 lb until slaughter. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to confirm the growth performance results of the previous trial in a commercial finishing facility and to evaluate the interactive effect of L-carnitine and Paylean on growth performance and carcass characteristics when supplemented for only 3 weeks prior to slaughter.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002
Periodic single-photon source and quantum memory (2004)

Although there has been tremendous progress in the development of true “on-demand” single-photon sources, periodic or “pseudodemand” single-photon sources can be a sufficient resource for many optical quantum information processing applications. Here we review a recent experimental demonstration of a periodic single-photon source based on parametric down-conversion photon pairs, optical storage loops, and high-speed switching. We also review an experiment in which high speed switching and storage loops were used to implement a periodic quantum memory device for polarization-encoded single-photon qubits. Finally, we describe a method in which two of these periodic quantum memory devices are used to facilitate the production of a periodic source of entangled photon pairs. These experiments and proposals are all motivated within the context of linear optics quantum computing.
Quantum dots with split enhancement gate tunnel barrier control (2019)

We introduce a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dot architecture based on a single polysilicon gate stack. The elementary structure consists of two enhancement gates separated spatially by a gap, one gate forming a reservoir and the other a quantum dot. We demonstrate that, in three devices based on two different versions of this elementary structure, a wide range of tunnel rates is attainable while maintaining single-electron occupation. A characteristic change in the slope of the charge transitions as a function of the reservoir gate voltage, attributed to screening from charges in the reservoir, is observed in all devices and is expected to play a role in the sizable tuning orthogonality of the split enhancement gate structure. The all-silicon process is expected to minimize strain gradients from electrode thermal mismatch, while the single gate layer should avoid issues related to overlayers (e.g., additional dielectric charge noise) and help improve the yield. Finally, reservoir gate control of the tunnel barrier has implications for initialization, manipulation, and readout schemes in multi-quantum dot architectures.
Design of Host Defence Peptides for Antimicrobial and Immunity Enhancing Activities (2005)

Host defense peptides are a vital component of the innate immune systems of humans, other mammals, amphibians, and arthropods. The related cationic antimicrobial peptides are also produced by many species of bacteria and function as part of the antimicrobial arsenal to help the producing organism reduce competition for resources from sensitive species. The antimicrobial activities of many of these peptides have been extensively characterized and the structural requirements for these activities are also becoming increasingly clear. In addition to their known antimicrobial role, many host defense peptides are also involved in a plethora of immune functions in the host. In this review, we examine the role of structure in determining antimicrobial activity of certain prototypical cationic peptides and ways that bacteria have evolved to usurp these activities. We also review recent literature on what structural components are related to these immunomodulatory effects. It must be stressed however that these studies, and the area of peptide research, are still in their infancy.
Binary Nanomaterials Based on Nanocarbons:  A Case for Probing Carbon Nanohorns' Biorecognition Properties (2003)

A critical step toward the construction of complex architectures based on nanoscale carbonaceous materials is to interface these structures with other useful nanoscale building blocks. Herein we report the synthesis of a new class of binary nanomaterials from single-walled carbon nanohorns and nanoparticles by utilizing a bifunctional molecule as the bridging interconnect. Characterization of the materials by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis unambiguously proves the formation of binary nanostructures. The strategy reported here is expected to be generic and readily applicable to carbon nanohorns' interfacing with other nanoscale materials, such as Pt, in the construction of fuel cells. Significantly, with these binary nanomaterials, distinct differences in peptide recognition properties have been identified for carbon nanohorns treated under different conditions through a phage-display enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Those peptide recognition motifs are important for exploiting this class of materials in bioassembly, bioseparation, and biosensing applications.
Enabling the Use of Shape Grammars: Shape Grammar Interpretation Through General Shape Recognition (2000)

Abstract Shape grammars have recently shown promise in engineering applications. The need to efficiently implement such grammars, rather than hard code them, in a way that supports creativity through shape emergence has still remained an ongoing research challenge. This paper introduces a shape grammar interpreter that supports parametric shape recognition, and thereby shape emergence. The approach divides shapes into hierarchies of subshapes based on specified geometric relationships within the shape. A default hierarchy based on geometric relations often found in engineering and architectural designs is presented as an efficient example of one appropriate hierarchy. A classic shape grammar demonstrates the interpreter’s shape recognition and generation abilities.
Interleukin-12 Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Novel Angiogenesis Canine Hemangiosarcoma Xenograft Model (2004)

We established a canine hemangiosarcoma cell line derived from malignant endothelial cells comprising a spontaneous tumor in a dog to provide a renewable source of endothelial cells for studies of angiogenesis in malignancy. Pieces of the hemangiosarcoma biopsy were engrafted subcutaneously in a bg/nu/XID mouse allowing the tumor cells to expand in vivo. A cell line, SB-HSA, was derived from the xenograft. SB-HSA cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1 and 2, CD31, CD146, and alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, and produced several growth factors and cytokines, including VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin (IL)-8 that are stimulatory to endothelial cell growth. These results indicated that the cells recapitulated features of mitotically activated endothelia. In vivo, SB-HSA cells stimulated robust angiogenic responses in mice and formed tumor masses composed of aberrant vascular channels in immunocompromised mice providing novel opportunities for investigating the effectiveness of antiangiogenic agents. Using this model, we determined that IL-12, a cytokine with both immunostimulatory and antiangiogenic effects, suppressed angiogenesis induced by, and tumor growth of, SB-HSA cells. The endothelial cell model we have described offers unique opportunities to pursue further investigations with IL-12, as well as other antiangiogenic approaches in cancer therapy.
KSHV-encoded viral IL-6 activates multiple human IL-6 signaling pathways (1999)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) encodes a structural and functional homologue of human IL-6 called viral IL-6 (vIL-6). Expression of vIL-6 in KSHV-related lymphoproliferative disorders has been implicated in their pathogenesis. vIL-6 has been shown to mimic a number of IL-6 activities including stimulating the growth of IL-6 dependent cell lines and activating the JAK1 and STAT1/3 pathway in HepG2 cells. However, IL-6 and vIL-6 display differences in receptor usage that may give rise to underlying qualitative and quantitative differences in the signaling pathways utilized. While IL-6 has an absolute requirement for both the IL-6 Ralpha and the gp130 subunits, vIL-6 appears to require only gp130. In addition to JAK1 and STAT1/3 pathways, IL-6 activates multiple other pathways including the direct activation of STAT 5 by JAK1, the Ras-MAP kinase cascade and a novel H7-sensitive pathway. In this study we examined whether vIL-6 is capable of signaling via distinct IL-6 response elements (IL-6 RE) under the control of these different pathways. We show that vIL-6 activates both STAT1/3- and STAT5-dependent Type II IL-6 REs. In addition, vIL-6 induces transcriptional activation via a Type I IL-6 RE that binds C/EBP, indicative of Ras-MAP kinase pathway induction. Furthermore, vIL-6 is capable of activating the IL-6 response element in the c-jun promoter (RE-IL-6). vIL-6 induced activation of JRE-IL-6 requires both the Ets- and Cre-like sites, suggesting that vIL-6 is capable of stimulating the same novel serine/threonine kinase mediated pathway as IL-6. These results demonstrate that vIL-6 can stimulate all of the known IL-6-induced signaling pathways. Therefore, vIL-6 could potentially contribute to KSHV-related disease progression by continued activation of IL-6-stimulated growth and anti-apoptotic pathways even when cells attempt to protect themselves from IL-6 over-stimulation by downmodulating their IL-6Ralpha subunits.
Synthesis, characterization, and crosslinking of novel stars comprising eight poly(isobutylene‐<i>azeotropic</i>‐styrene) copolymer arms with allyl or hydroxyl termini. I. Living azeotropic copolymerization of isobutylene and styrene (2001)

Abstract The overall objective of this research is the creation of novel star polymers consisting of well‐defined stable cores out of which radiate multiple poly(isobutylene‐ co ‐styrene) [P(IB‐ co ‐St)] arms whose glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) can be controlled over a wide range (−73 to +100 °C) and whose arm termini are fitted with multipurpose (e.g., crosslinkable) functionalities. The first article of this series relates the synthesis and characterization of azeotropic IB/St copolymers [P(IB‐ aze ‐St)], which are to be subsequently used as end‐functional arms of the target stars. The P(IB‐ aze ‐St)s are models for statistical IB/St copolymers. The azeotropic composition is 21/79 (mol/mol) IB/St, and NMR, Fourier transform infrared, and gel permeation chromatography techniques demonstrate copolymer compositional homogeneity over the 12–96% conversion range. Conditions were developed for living azeotropic IB/St copolymerization. The livingness of the azeotropic copolymerization was proven by kinetic investigations. P(IB‐ aze ‐St)s with number‐average molecular weights of up to 24,000 g/mol and polydispersity indices (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight) less than 1.5 were prepared. The copolymerization reactivity ratios were determined: r IB = 3.41 ± 0.23 and r St = 1.40 ± 0.26. The effect of the P(IB‐ aze ‐St) molecular weight on T g was studied by DSC. T g increases linearly with the number‐average molecular weight and reaches a plateau at 62 °C at 24,000 g/mol. The heat stability of P(IB‐ aze ‐St) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and a 5% weight loss was found at 250 °C in air. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1515–1524, 2001