gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nematic-Cholesteric Bistable Liquid Crystal Display For Projectors (1987)

An electrically writable bistable liquid crystal projection display has been developed. This projection display uses the bistable effect of nematic-cholesteric liquid crystal phase transition under an electric field. The nematic-cholesteric liquid crystal has some advantages in application for a projection display. These are a bright screen with no need for polarizers, a high information content, thanks to the bistable memory effect, a compact system written by only electric field, and a low cost projection system using a simple matrix panel. The newly developed liquid crystal projector has 640x400 pixels, and has good contrast under the bright ambient light of a normal office environment. It takes 1.6 seconds to write all the pixels and 100 milliseconds to type in a 16x16-dot letter. It operates satisfactorily between 5 to 45 T. Use of the nematic-cholesteric liquid crystal results in the total size of the projection system to that of a portable overhead projector. Writing by an electric field makes it quite easy to connect with floppy disk systems, key boards and communication equipment systems.
Rapid Colored-Nodule Assay for Assessing Root Exudate-Enhanced Competitiveness of <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> (1986)

The effects of root exudate (RE) treatment on nodule occupancy by Bradyrhizobium japonicum were investigated by a rapid colored-nodule assay, which is based on the observation that B. japonicum L-110 and its antibiotically marked derivatives form dark-red nodules on certain soybean (Glycine max) cultivars, whereas other strains form beige nodules. The efficacy of the assay was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence and by antibiotic platings of nodule bacteria. Both logarithmic- and stationary-phase cultures of the reference strain, L-110Nal, were used in paired-competition studies with RE-treated or untreated cells of seven challenge strains. On the basis of field and greenhouse competition studies, these strains were placed into three competitiveness groups: high (AN-11, AN-16aStrRif, and AN-6), intermediate (AN-3 and 122SR), and low (I-110ARS and AN-18). Seedlings of G. max cv. Centennial were inoculated with two ratios of challenge to reference strain, 1:1 and 1:9, and nodule occupancy was determined after the V4 to V5 stage of ontogeny. Two of the strains showed increased occupancy in response to RE treatment at the 1:1 inoculation ratio. Logarithmic- and stationary-phase cultures of AN-6 showed increased occupancy, from 22 to 38% (P < 0.10) and from 23 59 39% (P < 0.05), respectively. While the maximum increase for stationary-phase cultures of AN-16aStrRif was from 34 to 47% (P < 0.05), logarithmic-phase cultures failed to respond to RE treatment. The results of these studies indicate that RE treatment increases the nodule occupancy of some, but not all, B. japonicum strains and that the colored-nodule assay could be rapidly and reliably used to determine the competitive ability of B. japonicum.
RNA inhibitors of nuclear proteins responsible for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (2019)

The development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following infection or tissue injury is associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality. Extensive cellular injury results in the release of nuclear proteins, of which histones are the most abundant, into the circulation. Circulating histones are implicated as essential mediators of MODS. Available anti-histone therapies have failed in clinical trials due to off-target effects such as bleeding and toxicity. Here, we describe a therapeutic strategy for MODS based on the neutralization of histones by chemically stabilized nucleic acid bio-drugs (aptamers). Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment technology identified aptamers that selectively bind those histones responsible for MODS and do not bind to serum proteins. We demonstrate the efficacy of histone-specific aptamers in human cells and in a murine model of MODS. These aptamers could have a significant therapeutic benefit in the treatment of multiple diverse clinical conditions associated with MODS.
Protective immune responses to meningococcal C conjugate vaccine after intranasal immunization of mice with the LTK63 mutant plus chitosan or trimethyl chitosan chloride as novel delivery platform (2005)

Chitosan and its derivative N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), given as microparticles or powder suspensions, and the non-toxic mucosal adjuvant LTK63, were evaluated for intranasal immunization with the group C meningococcal conjugated vaccine (CRM-MenC). Mice immunized intranasally with CRM-MenC formulated with chitosan or TMC and the LTK63 mutant, showed high titers of serum and mucosal antibodies specific for the MenC polysaccharide. Neither significant differences were observed between microparticle formulations and powder suspensions nor when LTK63 was pre-associated to the delivery system or not. The bactericidal activity measured in serum of mice immunized intranasally with the conjugated vaccine formulated with the delivery systems and the LT mutant was superior to the activity in serum of mice immunized sub-cutaneously. Importantly, intranasal but not parenteral immunization, induced bactericidal antibodies at the nasal level, when formulated with both delivery system and adjuvant.
Prediction of insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis strains by polymerase chain reaction product profiles (1991)

A rapid analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis strains predictive of insecticidal activity was established by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Primers specific to regions of high homology within genes encoding three major classes of B. thuringiensis crystal proteins were used to generate a PCR product profile characteristic of each insecticidal class. Predictions of insecticidal activity were made on the basis of the electrophoretic patterns of the PCR products. Included in the screen were PCR primers specific for cryI, cryIII, and cryIV genes, which are insecticidal for lepidopterans, coleopterans, and dipterans, respectively. Known B. thuringiensis strains as well as unidentified strains isolated from soil and insect cadavers were analyzed by PCR. Small amounts of crude sample lysates were assayed in a single PCR reaction containing 12 to 20 primers capable of distinguishing between the different insecticidal genes. Insecticidal activity predicted by the PCR screen was found to correspond with the insecticidal activity of insect bioassays. In addition to identifying strains with known insecticidal genes, the PCR screen can identify strains with altered electrophoretic patterns containing potentially novel genes.
Active Control Approach for Reducing Floor Vibrations (1997)

Large floor vibration amplitudes can produce disruption and reduced efficiency in employees, and in more extreme cases can result in complete abandonment of a structure for its intended use. The implementation of active control to reduce vibration levels in lightweight floor systems is explored in this paper. A velocity feedback scheme has been developed in which an electromagnetic proof-mass actuator is used to impart control forces on a floor system, thus, reducing the amplitudes of the floor motion. The development, analysis, and experimental verification are discussed for the successful implementation of this control application. A full-scale experimental test floor was designed, constructed, and modeled analytically for this study. Both analytical and experimental results for the floor response to transient excitation show an increase in damping from approximately 2.5% to 40%. Experimental results for walking excitation show a reduction of peak velocity amplitudes to 12% of amplitudes recorded for the uncontrolled system.
A Second Nuclear Protein Is Encoded by Epstein-Barr Virus in Latent Infection (1985)

A region of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome that is important in inducing cell proliferation includes a single long open reading frame. Part of this open reading frame has been fused to the lacZ gene and expressed in Escherichia coli. Antisera to the fusion protein identify a protein in the nuclei of latently infected growth-transformed lymphocytes and in Burkitt tumor cells grown in vitro. This nuclear protein is encoded by a different virus-gene than that which encodes the previously described EBV nuclear antigen, EBNA.
Rare-earth-doped selenide glass optical sources (1998)

Summary form only given. We have discussed the applicability of rare-earth-doped selenide glasses for mid-IR laser, superfluorescent, and fiber sources. The feasibility of these glasses as phosphor sources for chemical sensing has been demonstrated.
Structures of b and a Product Ions from the Fragmentation of Argentinated Peptides (1998)

Argentinated (silver-containing) oligopeptides fragment under low-energy collision conditions to yield abundant argentinated product ions. The structures of the [b2 − H + Ag]+ and [a2 − H + Ag]+ ions have been determined by means of tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed by comparison with synthesized derivatives of the candidate [b2 − H + Ag]+ ion structure. The [b2 − H + Ag]+ ion was found to be an N-argentinated oxazolone, which could subsequently form the [a2 − H + Ag]+ ion and other product ions after collision activation. Tripeptides containing proline as their second residue were observed to form a relatively less abundant [b2 − H + Ag]+ ion, which was postulated to be an argentinated ketene.
Efficiency improvement of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using semitransparent Ag as anode (2006)

The emission efficiency in an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on fac tris(phenyl pyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3] is greatly improved using a semitransparent Ag anode. With surface modification of the Ag anode, excellent light coupling and hole injection properties can be realized. The Ag-based OLED exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 81cd∕A and a power efficiency of 79lm∕W, compared with 46cd∕A and 39lm∕W for an indium-tin oxide anode device, respectively.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for prothrombin fragment 1.2 and their use in a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1993)

Prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2) is an activation peptide generated during a critical event of blood coagulation, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. As a marker of thrombin generation, F1.2 has clinical potential in assessing thrombotic risk and monitoring anticoagulant therapy. In developing a highly specific, monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay of human plasma F1.2, we generated six murine anti-F1.2 monoclonal antibodies, using as immunogen a synthetic peptide (sequence: CGSD-RAIEGR) similar to the unique carboxyl terminus of F1.2. Each antibody bound F1.2 but not prothrombin. Epitope mapping studies with one antibody (5-3B) showed that optimum binding required six to eight amino acids plus a terminal arginine to emulate the F1.2 carboxyl terminus. A quantitative sandwich ELISA for human plasma F1.2 was configured with monoclonal antibody 5-3B as the capture antibody and peroxidase-labeled polyclonal antibodies to the F1.2 amino-terminal region as detector antibodies. Calibrators were prepared by adding purified F1.2, 0-10 nmol/L, to F1.2-depleted plasma. Assay characteristics included the following: mean (+/- SD) analytical recovery of 98% +/- 13%; no interference from lipemia, hemolysis, icterus, or thrombolytic agents; 0.08 nmol/L sensitivity; and mean intra- and interassay imprecision (three lots) < 12% at both low and high concentrations of F1.2.
A/F ratio estimation and control based on induced engine roughness (1996)

2 versions of an engine air-to-fuel (A/F) ratio estimator were described and evaluated through transient engine testing. A four-parameter model was derived from steady-state identification and a ten-parameter model was derived from transient identification. Inputs to both estimators include a fundamental metric that relates the instantaneous change in engine speed to prescribed fuel injector pulse width modulation. Additional inputs include many of the standard engine state and control variables. The performance of the ten-parameter A/F model was found to be superior to the four-parameter model under cold engine testing. A closed-loop PID A/F ratio control system was described in which the A/F ratio estimator provided state feedback. Under limited testing conditions the ten-parameter estimator was shown to reduce open-loop A/F ratio excursions. This work demonstrates the feasibility of designing an A/F ratio estimator based on the response of engine speed to fuel pulse width modulation and incorporating that estimator in a closed loop A/F ratio feedback control system. This work opens up the possibility of including this type of A/F estimator into an A/F observer and of investigating alternate A/F estimator structures, such as those obtained from artificial neural networks.
Serum Amyloid A Induces G-CSF Expression and Granulocytosis Via Toll-Like Receptor 2. (2007)

Abstract As a major acute-phase protein, serum amyloid A (SAA) is commonly used as a marker for inflammatory diseases; however, its precise role in inflammation and infection, which often result in granulocytosis or neutrophilia, remains ambiguous. In this study, we demonstrate that SAA is a potent endogenous stimulator of granulocyte colony-stimulated factor (G-CSF), a principle cytokine regulating granulocytosis, and this effect of SAA is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Our data showed that in mouse macrophages, the elevation of the G-CSF mRNA level was observed within the first two hours of SAA stimulation while the secretion of the G-CSF protein was significantly increased after eight hours and sustained for 24 hours. The induction of G-CSF by SAA was blocked by the specific anti-TLR2 antibody and significantly decreased in TLR2 knockout mouse macrophages. We also showed that SAA-stimulated G-CSF expression correlates with the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), the p65 subunit of which was bound to the CK-1 element of the G-CSF promoter region within 30 minutes of the stimulation. In addition, the SAA increased production of G-CSF was tested to be sensitive to heat, yet insensitive to polymyxin B treatment, indicating that the induction is a direct effect of SAA. Furthermore, our in vivo studies confirmed that SAA significantly increases the plasma concentration of G-CSF and the number of neutrophils in the blood circulation while such phenomenon vanishes in G-CSF or TLR2 knockout mice.
On the Theoretical Characterization of Nickel (II) Hydroxide for Hydrogen Production from Urea (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Enhanced Model Predictive Control (eMPC) Strategy for Automated Glucose Control (2016)

Development of an effective artificial pancreas (AP) controller to deliver insulin autonomously to people with type 1 diabetes mellitus is a difficult task. In this paper, three enhancements to a clinically validated AP model predictive controller (MPC) are proposed that address major challenges facing automated blood glucose control, and are then evaluated by both <i>in silico</i> tests and clinical trials. First, the core model of insulin-blood glucose dynamics utilized in the MPC is expanded with a medically inspired personalization scheme to improve controller responses in the face of inter- and intra-individual variations in insulin sensitivity. Next, the asymmetric nature of the short-term consequences of hypoglycemia versus hyperglycemia is incorporated in an asymmetric weighting of the MPC cost function. Finally, an enhanced dynamic insulin-on-board algorithm is proposed to minimize the likelihood of controller-induced hypoglycemia following a rapid rise of blood glucose due to rescue carbohydrate load with accompanying insulin suspension. Each advancement is evaluated separately and in unison through <i>in silico</i> trials based on a new clinical protocol, which incorporates induced hyper- and hypoglycemia to test robustness. The advancements are also evaluated in an <i>advisory mode</i> (simulated) testing of clinical data. The combination of the three proposed advancements show statistically significantly improved performance over the nonpersonalized controller without any enhancements across all metrics, displaying increased time in the 70-180 mg/dL safe glycemic range (76.9 versus 68.8%) and the 80-140 mg/dL euglycemic range (48.1 versus 44.5%), without a statistically significant increase in instances of hypoglycemia. The proposed advancements provide safe control action for AP applications, personalizing and improving controller performance without the need for extensive model identification processes.
On excitation of breather solitons in an optical microresonator (2012)

We theoretically investigate mode-locked regimes of optical-frequency combs generated in a nonlinear ring microresonator pumped with continuous-wave light. We find that breather solitons can be formed in the resonator for certain values of frequency and power of the pump. We argue that relatively slow modulation of the comb-frequency harmonics observed in several recent experiments can be attributed to soliton formation.
On-Chip Power Noise Reduction Techniques in High Performance SoC-Based Integrated Circuits (2005)

Switching digital circuits produce current peaks which result in voltage fluctuations on the power supply lines due to the inductive behavior of on-chip and chip-to-package interconnects. A design technique is described in this paper to lower ground bounce in noise sensitive circuits. An on-chip noise-free ground is added to divert ground noise from the sensitive nodes. An on-chip decoupling capacitor tuned in resonance with the parasitic inductance of the interconnects provide an additional low impedance ground path. Ground bounce reductions of about 68% and 22% are demonstrated for a single frequency and random noise, respectively. The noise reduction is shown to depend linearly on the physical separation between the noisy and noise sensitive blocks. The dependence of ground noise on the impedance of the low noise ground is also discussed. The proposed technique exhibits a strong tolerance to capacitance variations. The efficiency of the noise reduction technique drops by several per cent for a plusmn10% variation in the magnitude of the decoupling capacitor. The proposed technique is shown to be effective for both single frequency and random voltage fluctuations on the ground terminal
Super-resolution Mid-infrared Imaging using Photothermal Microscopy (2016)

Mid-infrared photothermal heterodyne imaging (MIR-PHI) overcomes the diffraction limit of traditional MIR imaging and uses visible photodiodes as detectors. Our MIR-PHI experiment achieved high sensitivity (S/N >100), sub-diffraction limit spatial resolution and high acquisition speed. Sensitive, affordable and widely applicable, this technique is a promising imaging tool for biological systems.
Giant-chirp oscillators for short-pulse fiber amplifiers (2008)

A new regime of pulse parameters in a normal-dispersion fiber laser is identified. Dissipative solitons exist with remarkably large pulse duration and chirp, along with large pulse energy. A low-repetition-rate oscillator that generates pulses with large and linear chirp can replace the standard oscillator, stretcher, pulse-picker, and preamplifier in a chirped-pulse fiber amplifier. The theoretical properties of such a giant-chirp oscillator are presented. A fiber laser designed to operate in the new regime generates approximately 150 ps pulses at a 3 MHz repetition rate. Amplification of these pulses to 1 microJ energy with pulse duration as short as 670 fs demonstrates the promise of this new approach.
An investigation of novel DNA based vaccines for protection against Brucellosis (2013)

This thesis describes design, construction and evaluation in a BALB/c mouse model, for five novel Brucella specific DNA vaccines. Brucellosis is worldwide zoonosis of economic significance that poses a significant threat to both animal and human health. Vaccination of livestock can be valuable for reducing transmission and facilitating control. Development of an efficacious non-living vaccine is therefore a valuable goal in brucellosis research. Five candidate antigens were identified within the Brucella melitensis 16M genome. In silico selection was supported by confirming transcription of the selected genes from cultured Brucella, and evidence of candidate protein immunogenicity in Brucella infected sheep. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression plasmids were constructed for each candidate antigen. The protective efficacy of six DNA vaccine constructs was evaluated in a BALB/c model of brucellosis. From this evaluation, two protective antigens were identified for further study: Invasion protein B and the 25 kDa outer membrane protein. The DNA vaccines p-omp25 and p-ialB were shown to have equivalent protective efficacy in the mouse model to that achieved through vaccination with the live vaccine strain Rev.1. DNA vaccine mediated protection was associated with production of specific antibodies and priming of both CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-y secreting cells. High numbers of CD8+ cells were observed for the p-omp25 vaccine, whereas CD4+ cells and antibodies were more prevalent following pialB vaccination. The vaccines were found to be most effective when three homologous booster vaccinations were used. Single dose vaccination afforded only modest levels of protection. Attempts to improve delivery of DNA vaccines through adsorption of DNA to cationic liposomes was partially successful in that there was a notable increase in specific humoral immune responses. However, these increases were not associated with increased cell mediated immunity or protective efficacy.
Elevated Glutamate Levels in the Vitreous Body of Humans and Monkeys With Glaucoma (1996)

The excitatory amino acid glutamate is found in the vitreous body of glaucomatous eyes at concentrations that are potentially toxic to retinal ganglion cells. The increased level of this known neurotoxin is consistent with an "excitotoxic" mechanism for the retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve damage in glaucoma. Therapies to protect neurons against glutamate toxic effects may prove to be useful in the management of this blinding disease.
Ultraviolet laser emission properties of Ce{sup 3+}-doped LiSrAlF{sub 6} (1994)

The ultraviolet laser properties of Ce{sup 3+}-doped LiSrAlF{sub 6} (Ce:LiSAF) and LiCaAlF{sub 6} (Ce:LiCAF) are reported. The polarized absorption, emission and excited state absorption cross sections for both Ce:LiSAF and Ce:LiCAF were determined for the 266 nm pump and 290 nm laser emission wavelengths. The gain was found to be highest when the probe was polarized parallel to the optic axis of the crystal due to the anisotropic nature of the excited state absorption. The excited state absorption is ascribed to a transition from the 5d orbital of Ce{sup 3+} to the conduction band of the host. Laser slope efficiencies of up to 29% and 21% were measured for Ce-LiSAP and Ce:LiCAF when the 266 nm pulsed pump beam was polarized parallel to the optic axis. These are the highest laser slope efficiencies yet observed for any known solid-state ultraviolet laser material.
Auditory Inspired Binaural Robust Sound Source Localization in Echoic and Noisy Environments (2006)

We propose a new approach for binaural sound source localization in real world environments implementing a new model of the precedence effect. This enables the robust measurement of the localization cue values (ITD, UD and IED) in echoic environments. The system is inspired by the auditory system of mammals. It uses a Gammatone filter bank for preprocessing and extracts the ITD and IED cues via zero crossings (UD calculation is straight forward). The mapping between the cue values and the different angles is learned offline which facilitates the adaptation to different head geometries. The performance of the system is demonstrated by localization results for two simultaneous speakers and the mixture of a speaker, music, and fan noise in a normal meeting room. A real time demonstrator of the system is presented in T. Rodemann, et al. (2006)