gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multispectral enhancement method to increase the visual differences of tissue structures in stained histopathology images. (2012)

In this paper we proposed a multispectral enhancement scheme in which the spectral colors of the stained tissue-structure of interest and its background can be independently modified by the user to further improve their visualization and color discrimination. The colors of the background objects are modified by transforming their N-band spectra through an NxN transformation matrix, which is derived by mapping the representative samples of their original spectra to the spectra of their target colors using least mean square method. On the other hand, the color of the tissue structure of interest is modified by modulating the transformed spectra with the sum of the pixel's spectral residual-errors at specific bands weighted through an NxN weighting matrix; the spectral error is derived by taking the difference between the pixel's original spectrum and its reconstructed spectrum using the first M dominant principal component vectors in principal component analysis. Promising results were obtained on the visualization of the collagen fiber and the non-collagen tissue structures, e.g., nuclei, cytoplasm and red blood cells (RBC), in a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained image.
A stacked polymer film for robust superhydrophobic fabrics (2012)

A robust superhydrophobic fabric was achieved by depositing a stacked polymer film composed of a poly(1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane) (p(V4D4)) layer and a poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecylacrylate) (p(PFDA)) layer. The polymer film was deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a solventless process that allows conformal coating of the stacked polymer film on various micro-structured substrates. The two polymeric layers most likely formed a covalent bonding at their interface, and thus the stacked polymer film was characterized by both strong hydrophobicity and enhanced mechanical robustness originated from highly cross-linked p(V4D4) and p(PFDA). The surface topography of superhydrophobic coating was systematically tunable by controlling the operating parameters of iCVD process and a hierarchical structure was obtained by a simple one-step iCVD process. The film was also highly transparent in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm. Fabrics coated with this stacked polymer film displayed chemical robustness even after exposure to different chemicals including acetone, toluene, H2SO4, and KOH. The fabric also maintained its water repellency even after 20 000 cycles of the abrasion test and after 75 cycles of the laundry test.
Sensei: Spoken language assessment for call center agents (2007)

In this paper, we present a system, called Sensei, for assessment of spoken English skills of call center agents. Sensei evaluates multiple parameters of spoken English skills, i.e., articulation of sounds, correctness of lexical stress in words and spoken grammar proficiency. Sensei provides an assessment test to be taken by a call center agent (or candidate) and generates score on each of the spoken English parameters as well as a combined score. It is implemented in the form of a web application so that it can be accessed through a web browser and doesn’t require any software to be installed at the client side. We describe how the individual parameters are assessed in Sensei using various speech processing techniques and the experiments conducted to evaluate these techniques. The performance is compared with assessment performed by human assessors. A correlation of 0.8 is obtained between overall score generated by Sensei and human assessors on a real life test dataset of 243 candidates which compares well with the corresponding human-to-human correlation of 0.91.
Fast, Scalable and Secure Onloading of Edge Functions Using AirBox (2016)

This paper argues for the utility of back-end driven onloading to the edge as a way to address bandwidth use and latency challenges for future device-cloud interactions. Supporting such edge functions (EFs) requires solutions that can provide (i) fast and scalable EF provisioning and (ii) strong guarantees for the integrity of the EF execution and confidentiality of the state stored at the edge. In response to these goals, we (i) present a detailed design space exploration of the current technologies that can be leveraged in the design of edge function platforms (EFPs), (ii) develop a solution to address security concerns of EFs that leverages emerging hardware support for OS agnostic trusted execution environments such as Intel SGX enclaves, and (iii) propose and evaluate AirBox, a platform for fast, scalable and secure onloading of edge functions.
A General Approach to Design, Optimize, and Analyze Modular Functional Near-infrared Brain Imaging Probes (2020)

We developed a generalized workflow to automatically design modular fNIRS head-probes over user-specified regions with optimized channel counts, brain sensitivity, and sampling-rate metrics, allowing to compare full-head probes composed of vastly different elementary module designs.
Comprehensive Guide to Extracting and Expressing Fungal Secondary Metabolites with <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> as a Case Study (2021)

Fungal secondary metabolites (SMs) have captured the interest of natural products researchers in academia and industry for decades. In recent years, the high rediscovery rate of previously characterized metabolites is making it increasingly difficult to uncover novel compounds. Additionally, the vast majority of fungal SMs reside in genetically intractable fungi or are silent under normal laboratory conditions in genetically tractable fungi. The fungal natural products community has broadly overcome these barriers by altering the physical growth conditions of the fungus and heterologous/homologous expression of biosynthetic gene cluster regulators or proteins. The protocols described here summarize vital methodologies needed when researching SM production in fungi. We also summarize the growth conditions, genetic backgrounds, and extraction protocols for every published SM in Aspergillus fumigatus, enabling readers to easily replicate the production of previously characterized SMs. Readers will also be equipped with the tools for developing their own strategy for expressing and extracting SMs from their given fungus or a suitable heterologous model system. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Making glycerol stocks from spore suspensions Alternate Protocol 1: Creating glycerol stocks from non-sporulating filamentous fungi Basic Protocol 2: Activating spore-suspension glycerol stocks Basic Protocol 3: Extracting secondary metabolites from Aspergillus spp grown on solid medium Alternate Protocol 2: Extracting secondary metabolites from Aspergillus spp using ethyl acetate Alternate Protocol 3: High-volume metabolite extraction using ethyl acetate Alternate Protocol 4: Extracting secondary metabolites from Aspergillus spp in liquid medium Support Protocol: Creating an overlay culture Basic Protocol 4: Extracting DNA from filamentous fungi Basic Protocol 5: Creating a DNA construct with double-joint PCR Alternate Protocol 5: Creating a DNA construct with yeast recombineering Basic Protocol 6: Transformation of Aspergillus spp Basic Protocol 7: Co-culturing fungi and bacteria for extraction of secondary metabolites.
Automatic Focusing and Astigmatism Correction Method based on Fourier Transform of Scanning Electron Microscope Images (1999)

A new method for automatic focusing and astigmatism correction of electron optics has been proposed. The method consists of the following 6 steps: (1) Obtain scanning electron microscope (SEM) images i 1 ( x , y ), i 2 ( x , y ) under two focusing conditions. (2) Obtain Fourier transformed images of i 1 ( x , y ) and i 2 ( x , y ), I 1 ( k x , k y ) and I 2 ( k x , k y ). (3) Obtain a characteristic function R ( k x , k y )=ln( I 1 ( k x , k y )/ I 2 ( k x , k y )). (4) Repeat the above steps under different focusing conditions. (5) From the change in R ( k x , k y ), calculate the change in beam sharpnesses in different directions. (6) Correct the astigmatism and adjust the focus. R ( k x , k y ) is independent of the sample shape, and is independent of the beam shape in the case of a character beam. Therefore, this method can be applied both to a SEM and to an electron beam writer with a character beam.
Performance of Ground-Glass Pozzolan as a Cementitious Material—A Review (2018)

Abstract Ground-glass pozzolan (GP) obtained by grinding the mixed-waste glass to a similar fineness as cement can act as a supplementary cementing material (SCM), given that it is an amorphous and a pozzolanic material. The GP showed promising performance in mortar and concrete mixtures in laboratory and in large-scale field applications, enabling it to be a useful new SCM. However, while there are results about the use of GP in mortar and concrete, there is no single study covering all the aspects of using GP in mortar and concrete that satisfies the requirements of the ASTM and CSA Standard Specifications. This review on the use of GP in mortar and concrete compiles and analyzes the available data concerning the characteristics, production rates, and performance of GP used in mortar and concrete to provide the necessary information for updating the ASTM and CSA Standard Specifications to consider the GP as a new SCM.
Targeted Antibiotic Delivery: Selective Siderophore Conjugation with Daptomycin Confers Potent Activity against Multidrug Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Both in Vitro and in Vivo (2017)

In order to address the dire need for new antibiotics to treat specific strains of drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, a mixed ligand analog of the natural Acinetobacter baumannii selective siderophore, fimsbactin, was coupled to daptomycin, a Gram-positive only antibiotic. The resulting conjugate 11 has potent activity against multidrug resistant strains of A. baumannii both in vitro and in vivo. The study also indicates that conjugation of siderophores to "drugs" that are much larger than the siderophore (iron transport agent) itself facilitates active uptake that circumvents the normal permeability problems in Gram-negative bacteria. The results demonstrate the ability to extend activity of a normally Gram-positive only antibiotic to create a potent and targeted Gram-negative antibiotic using a bacterial iron transport based sideromycin Trojan horse strategy.
Multisensor integrated stair recognition and parameters measurement system for dynamic stair climbing robots (2013)

In this paper, we develop an online real-time system using Kinect and inertial measurement unit (IMU) to recognize and measure stairs for stair climbing tasks of erect mobile robots. This system combines the ideas of statistical characteristics of 3D point cloud data and adjustable geometric models for stair recognition tasks. Through this system, we not only verify the advantages of statistics methods in 3D environment perception process, but also realize the idea of using adjustable geometric models to fit 3D perception data correctly and efficiently. Because our stair recognition system keeps good quality results (average errors within ±0.4 cm) and less time consumption (less than 0.1 second per frame) even under dynamic situations, it is expected that it can help mobile robots to achieve online dynamic stair climbing tasks.
Antifreeze Admixtures for Concrete. (1997)

Abstract : The goal of this project was to develop a chemical admixture that would reduce the need for wintertime thermal protection of freshly placed concrete. Chemicals were investigated for their ability to promote strength gain in concrete cured below 0 deg C. The project was carried out in five phases. Phase 1 evaluated existing and new admixtures. Phase 2 measured the effect of promising chemicals on concrete properties. Phases 3 and 4 tested the practicality of using the new technology/admixture in the field. Phase 5 disseminated the findings through an Army conference and through the development of this report, in addition to normal W.R. Grace advertising channels. Laboratory strength tests established that two prototype admixtures were capable of protecting concrete down to -5 deg C. Results from other laboratory tests show that the chemicals pose no harm to the concrete or embedded ferrous metals. Concrete containing the prototype admixtures passes standard freeze-thaw tests, does not shrink unusually, does not contain harmful alkalis, and does not produce irregular hydration products. Field tests clearly demonstrated that working with these new admixtures requires no new skills. The concrete can be mixed at lower temperatures, saving energy. The admixtures are easily dosed into the mixing trucks, as is normal practice today, and concrete is finished in the usual manner. Estimates show that the two prototype admixtures can extend the construction season by as much as three months in the contiguous United States. The prototype has proved that low-temperature admixtures are possible. The industry partner sees the need to develop admixtures that will work to -10 deg C before going commercial with this technology.
Polarimetric Phased-Array Radar for Weather Measurement: A Planar or Cylindrical Configuration? (2010)

Abstract This paper suggests a cylindrical configuration for agile beam polarimetric phased-array radar (PPAR) for weather surveillance. The most often used array configuration for PAR is a planar array antenna. The planar configuration, however, has significant deficiencies for polarimetric measurements, as well as other limitations, such as increases in beamwidth, decreases of sensitivity, and changes in the polarization basis when the beam scans off its broadside. The cylindrical polarimetric phased-array radar (CPPAR) is proposed to avoid these deficiencies. The CPPAR principle and potential performance are demonstrated through theoretical analysis and simulation. It is shown that the CPPAR has the advantage of a scan-invariant polarization basis, and thus avoids the inherent limitations of the planar PPAR (i.e., PPPAR).
Cloud particle size distributions measured with an airborne digital in-line holographic instrument (2009)

Abstract. Holographic data from the prototype airborne digital holographic instrument HOLODEC (Holographic Detector for Clouds), taken during test flights are digitally reconstructed to obtain the size (equivalent diameters in the range 23 to 1000 μm), three-dimensional position, and two-dimensional image of ice particles and then ice particle size distributions and number densities are calculated using an automated algorithm with minimal user intervention. The holographic method offers the advantages of a well-defined sample volume size that is not dependent on particle size or airspeed, and offers a unique method of detecting shattered particles. The holographic method also allows the volume sample rate to be increased beyond that of the prototype HOLODEC instrument, limited solely by camera technology. HOLODEC size distributions taken in mixed-phase regions of cloud compare well to size distributions from a PMS FSSP probe also onboard the aircraft during the test flights. A conservative algorithm for detecting shattered particles utilizing their depth-position along the optical axis eliminates the obvious ice particle shattering events from the data set. In this particular case, the size distributions of non-shattered particles are reduced by approximately a factor of two for particles 15 to 70 μm in equivalent diameter, compared to size distributions of all particles.
Convergence characteristics of the kalman‐type equalizer in decision‐directed mode (1982)

Abstract In general, in the adjustment of its tap weight, the automatic equalizer requires the reference signal in addition to the input to the equalizer. For the convergence to be correct, the reference signal should be the equalizer output after the convergence is completed correctly. Since this is impossible in practice, a decision‐directed operation occurs wherein the equalizer output during tap weight adjustment is given to the decision part and the output of the decision part is used as the reference signal. In such a case, the adjustment of the tap weight is not exactly correct. This paper shows first that the characteristics of the cascade system (which consists of the transfer characteristics of a Kalman‐type automatic equalizer after tap weight adjustment, operating by following the reference signal from the decision part) and the characteristics of the transmission channel can be determined directly from the signal type and the characteristics of the transmission channel and the characteristics of the decision part. In the above reasoning, the characteristics of the cascade system are obtained as the cross correlation between the transmitted signal and the output signal from the decision part. Then the mechanism to arrive at the correct convergence is described for the automatic equalizer, based on the knowledge obtained in the analysis of the cascade system. Finally, a Karhunen‐Loéve type decision‐assist fixed equalizer is proposed, which compensates the frequencygain characteristics of the transmission channel and assists the correct decision of the decision part.
Interactive search fusion methods for video database retrieval (2004)

In this paper, we investigate a new method for video database retrieval using interactive search fusion. Recent video analysis techniques have enabled the extraction of a variety of descriptors of features, concepts, clusters, classification results, speech and textual terms, MPEG-7 metadata, and so on. However, given an information need users are faced with a daunting task of trying to formulate queries over these multiple disparate data sources in order to retrieve the desired video content. In this paper, we explore a novel approach based on search fusion in which the user interactively builds a query by sequentially choosing among the descriptors and data sources and by selecting from various combining and score aggregation functions to fuse results of individual searches. For example, the system allows building of queries such as "retrieve video clips that have color of beach scenes, the detection of sky, and detection of water". In this paper we present the search fusion method and evaluate the performance on a large video database.
Effects of Time Synchronization on OFDM Systems Over Time-Varying Channels (2006)

In this paper we refine a previously proposed model of time-varying OFDM systems, by taking into account the effects of non-ideal time synchronization. The considered non-ideal time synchronization includes the positioning of the receiver discrete Fourier transform (DFT) window and a cyclic shift of the input data. In OFDM systems with time-invariant channel, these two operations are equivalent. However, in the presence of a time-varying channel, OFDM suffers from intercarrier interference (ICI) which is differently affected by the positioning and the cyclic shift. We investigate the different effects and propose a refinement of the ICI modelling so that it holds also in the presence of non-ideal time synchronization. We verify the proposed refinement by testing a previously proposed ICI cancellation algorithm in the presence of non-ideal time synchronization
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Tetravalent Live-attenuated Dengue Vaccine in Flavivirus Naive Children (2008)

A live-attenuated tetravalent dengue virus (DENV) vaccine candidate has been well tolerated and immunogenic in healthy, US flavivirus naive adult volunteers. We conducted a pilot, safety, and immunogenicity trial of the vaccine candidate in healthy Thai children (6–7 years of age) to prepare for its eventual evaluation in Thai infants. In an uncontrolled, open clinical trial, the investigational vaccine was administered on study Days 0 and 180 to seven volunteers residing in Bangkok without neutralizing antibodies to DENV1–4 or to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Clinical and laboratory safety assessments were completed during the 30 days after each vaccine dose, and immunogenicity was determined at Day 30. In this study, the vaccine was well tolerated with no serious adverse events or alert laboratory values. One volunteer experienced fever (38.2°C, < 2 days) and associated DENV4 vaccine viremia 7 days after Dose 2. One month after Dose 2, six volunteers in the per-protocol analysis exhibited a tetravalent neutralizing antibody response with DENV1–4 geometric mean titers of 55, 475, 350, and 171, respectively. Ten weeks (~75 days) after Dose 2, five of the six volunteers continued to exhibit a tetravalent neutralizing antibody profile; one volunteer’s DENV4 PRNT 50 titer fell below the assay cut-off (29 → < 10); (clinicaltrials.gov NCT00384670).
Charticulator: Interactive Construction of Bespoke Chart Layouts (2018)

We present Charticulator, an interactive authoring tool that enables the creation of bespoke and reusable chart layouts. Charticulator is our response to most existing chart construction interfaces that require authors to choose from predefined chart layouts, thereby precluding the construction of novel charts. In contrast, Charticulator transforms a chart specification into mathematical layout constraints and automatically computes a set of layout attributes using a constraint-solving algorithm to realize the chart. It allows for the articulation of compound marks or glyphs as well as links between these glyphs, all without requiring any coding or knowledge of constraint satisfaction. Furthermore, thanks to the constraint-based layout approach, Charticulator can export chart designs into reusable templates that can be imported into other visualization tools. In addition to describing Charticulator's conceptual framework and design, we present three forms of evaluation: a gallery to illustrate its expressiveness, a user study to verify its usability, and a click-count comparison between Charticulator and three existing tools. Finally, we discuss the limitations and potentials of Charticulator as well as directions for future research. Charticulator is available with its source code at https://charticulator.com.
Two iterative channel estimation algorithms in single‐input multiple‐output (SIMO) LTE systems (2012)

ABSTRACT Accurate channel estimation is a challenging problem in a long term evolution systems especially in highly selective channels. In this paper, two iterative channel estimation algorithms are proposed to efficiently estimate channels over the orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols containing pilot symbols. The first one is proposed based on a simple interpolation algorithm, named as simple iterative frequency interpolation (SIFI), and improves the system performances with low implementation complexity. The second one is derived from the traditional expectation maximisation (EM) algorithm in OFDM systems. In order to deal with the ‘null’ subcarriers in the guard band and make the algorithm converge, the truncated singular value decomposition method is integrated to truncated singular value decomposition expectation‐maximisation (TSVD‐EM). Both channel estimation algorithms are followed by a simple linear interpolation in time domain to obtain channel estimates over the whole subframe. Complexities of the proposed algorithms are also analysed and compared. Simulation results show that the SIFI algorithm outperforms the traditional interpolation method with a low complexity, and the TSVD‐EM algorithm approaches the best achievable performance with a reduced complexity.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.