gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local Binary Patterns used on Cardiac MRI to classify high and low risk patient groups (2012)

In patients having suffered myocardial infarction, the myocardium does not function properly due to scarring. These patients are divided into high and low risk of getting arrhythmia using recognized risk markers like Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) and scar size. In Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging, the scarred tissue in the myocardium is studied by increasing the intensity of scar area with the help of contrast agents. In this work, we have explored if a group of patients with high risk of getting arrhythmias (HAG) can be distinguished from a group of patients with low risk of getting arrhythmias (LAG) using the texture differences present in the scar tissue as inputs to a classifier. In this work, the textural differences of scarred myocardium tissue in HAG and LAG are captured using Local Binary Patterns (LBP). Automatic classification of HAG and LAG is important as patients with high risk of arrhythmia are identified and implanted with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD). A non-parametric classification method is used to classify the LBP and contrast measure distributions of HAG and LAG. This is a preliminary work on the classification of HAG patients and LAG patients that has to be explored further. Even with a limited dataset, experiments show that HAG and LAG can be distinguished with a sensitivity of 75 % and specificity of 83.33% using LBP. Index Terms — CMR image, Contrast measure, High and low risk arrhythmias, Local Binary Pattern, Scarred myocardium
TU‐D‐352‐09: Development of a Carbon‐Nanotube Field Emission Based Multi‐Pixel Microbeam Cellular Irradiation System (2008)

Purpose: High spatial and temporal resolution cellular microbeam irradiation is important in studying dynamic radiation response at the cellular level. Existing systems include charged particle, x‐ray, and electron single beam irradiators. We have proposed a multi‐pixel electron microbeam array irradiator based on carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission with individually controllable beams to irradiate cellular scale regions in a Petri dish under real time microscope observation. Method and Materials: We have developed and tested a prototype single pixel 30keV electron irradiator utilizing a CNT field emission cathode. The cathode is temporally modulated to deliver a calibrated electron dose to the target. Microfabrication methods are used to develop beam collimators of fine aperture. Dosimetry is performed using GAFCHROMIC film, and system feasibility is demonstrated via Rat‐1 cell line irradiation. A multi‐pixel system with a cathode chip and electron transparent window has been built, and the multi‐pixel method has been demonstrated via field emission testing. Results: Preliminary data show the CNT electron microbeam irradiator is capable of 100 Gy/sec dose rate and 23um beam diameter. An “L” shaped irradiation pattern was used in feasibility demonstration using plated Rat‐1 cells. Irradiation was visualized via Gamma‐H2AX fluorescence marking of DNA damage. The multi‐pixel microbeam concept has been demonstrated through fabrication and testing of a 5×5 microbeam array cathode. A 2.5mA field emission current was achieved with all pixels emitting. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the feasibility of a carbon nanotube field emission based single microbeam cellular irradiation system as well as the cathode fabrication for the multi‐pixel microbeam prototype system still under development. The CNT microbeam irradiator is capable of delivering radiation over a large dynamic dose rate range with high temporal resolution. The eventual CNT based cellular irradiator is expected to be compact and made available for broad application.
Discrete element textures (2011)

A variety of phenomena can be characterized by repetitive small scale elements within a large scale domain. Examples include a stack of fresh produce, a plate of spaghetti, or a mosaic pattern. Although certain results can be produced via manual placement or procedural/physical simulation, these methods can be labor intensive, difficult to control, or limited to specific phenomena.
Dopamine D<sub>4</sub>Receptors: Beyond Schizophrenia (2004)

Dopamine D4 receptors mediate a wide range of neuronal signal transduction cascades. Malfunctions of these mechanisms may contribute to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, and their modification underlies the actions of many psychotropic drugs. Postmortem neuropathological and genetic studies provide inconclusive associations between D4 receptors and schizophrenia. Clinical trials of partially selective lead D4 antagonists have proved them to be ineffective against psychotic symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, associations are emerging between D4 receptors and other neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder as well as specific personality traits such as novelty seeking. Preclinical studies indicate that D4 receptors play a pivotal role in the cellular mechanisms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and working memory. Accordingly, D4 receptors have broader implications for human illnesses than has been suggested by early focus on psychotic illness as a clinical target, and selective D4 agents may yield clinically useful drugs for several neuropsychiatric disorders that require improved treatments.
A novel screen using the Reck tumor suppressor gene promoter detects both conventional and metastasis-suppressing anticancer drugs (2010)

The membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase-regulator RECK is often downregulated in various types of cancers; the levels of residual RECK in resected tumors often correlate with better prognosis. Forced expression of RECK in cancer cells suppresses tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in xenograft models. RECK is therefore a promising marker for benignancy and a potential effector in cancer therapy. We established a cell line containing two transgene systems: (1) the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) gene fused to Reck promoter and (2) the HRAS 12V oncogene driven by the Tet-off promoter system. This cell line exhibits transformed phenotype in regular medium and flat morphology with increased SEAP activity in the presence of doxycycline, allowing the assessment of RECK-inducing activity of chemicals in the contexts of both transformed and untransformed cells. Our pilot experiments with 880 known bioactive compounds detected 34 compounds that activate RECK promoter; among these, 10 were authentic anticancer drugs. Four selected compounds up-regulated endogenous RECK protein in several human cancer cell lines. The top-ranking compound, disulfiram, strongly suppressed spontaneous lung-metastasis of human fibrosarcoma cells in nude mice. Our data demonstrate the value of this screen in discovering effective cancer therapeutics.
Syntheses, Luminescence Switching, and Electrochemical Studies of Photochromic Dithienyl-1,10-phenanthroline Zinc(II) Bis(thiolate) Complexes (2007)

A series of zinc(II) diimine bis(thiolate) complexes with photochromic diarylethene-containing phenanthroline ligands was synthesized, and their photophysical and photochromic properties were studied. The X-ray crystal structures of two of these complexes have been characterized. All complexes exhibit strong 3LLCT phosphorescence at 510-620 nm in the solid state at 77 and 298 K and in EtOH-MeOH glass at 77 K. Detailed studies revealed that the absorption, emission, and electrochemical properties of the complexes could be readily switched via the photochromic ring-closing and ring-opening reactions.
Mast Cells and Tumor Progression. (2009)

Abstract Abstract SCI-33 Interactions between tumorigenic cells and their surrounding microenvironment are critical for tumor progression yet remain incompletely understood. Germline mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common genetic disorder characterized by complex tumors called neurofibromas. Neurofibromas form in association with peripheral nerves and are composed of Schwann cells, blood vessels, fibroblasts and degranulating mast cells. Genetic studies in engineered mice indicate that biallelic loss of Nf1 is required in the tumorigenic cell of origin in the embryonic Schwann cell lineage. However, in the physiologic state, Schwann cell loss of heterozygosity is not sufficient for neurofibroma formation in a genetically engineered murine model and Nf1 haploinsufficiency in at least one additional nonneoplastic lineage is required for tumor progression. Recent studies in our group have focused on evaluating the role of bone marrow-derived cells, and particularly mast cells, in the tumor microenvironment. Previous work by our group established that human and murine Nf1 deficient Schwann cells secrete high concentrations of kit-ligand. Kit-ligand has a central role in multiple mast cell functions including chemotaxis, proliferation and degranulation. In a series of bone marrow transplantation studies, we established that Nf1 haploinsufficiency in bone marrow is sufficient to allow neurofibroma progression in the context of Schwann cell Nf1 deficiency. Further, genetic or pharmacologic attenuation of c-kit signaling diminishes neurofibroma initiation and progression. Collectively, the studies implicate mast cells as active participants in tumor formation and identify therapeutic targets for human phase 1-2 clinical trials. Disclosures Off Label Use: The drug imatinib mesylate was used to treat plexiform neurofibromas in genetically engineered mice, in a child with a plexiform neurofibroma, and it is currently being tested in a phase 2 clinical trial.
The NC2 Domain of Collagen IX Provides Chain Selection and Heterotrimerization (2010)

The mechanism of chain selection and trimerization of fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (FACITs) differs from that of fibrillar collagens that have special C-propeptides. We recently showed that the second carboxyl-terminal non-collagenous domain (NC2) of homotrimeric collagen XIX forms a stable trimer and substantially stabilizes a collagen triple helix attached to either end. We then hypothesized a general trimerizing role for the NC2 domain in other FACITs. Here we analyzed the NC2 domain of human heterotrimeric collagen IX, the only member of FACITs with all three chains encoded by distinct genes. Upon oxidative folding of equimolar amounts of the alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 chains of NC2, a stable heterotrimer with a disulfide bridge between alpha1 and alpha3 chains is formed. Our experiments show that this heterotrimerization domain can stabilize a short triple helix attached at the carboxyl-terminal end and allows for the proper oxidation of the cystine knot of type III collagen after the short triple helix.
Proteolytic inactivation of human factor VIII procoagulant protein by activated human protein C and its analogy with factor V (1984)

Purified human factor VIII procoagulant protein (VIII:C) was treated with purified human activated protein C (APC) and the loss of VIII:C activity correlated with proteolysis of the VIII:C polypeptides. APC proteolyzed all VIII:C polypeptides with mol wt = 92,000 or greater, but not the doublet at mol wt = 79-80,000. These results and our previous thrombin activation studies of purified VIII:C, are analogous with similar studies of factor V and form the basis for the following hypothesis: activated VIII:C consists of heavy and light chain polypeptides [mol wt = 92,000 and mol wt = 79-80,000 (or 71-72,000), respectively] which are similar in Mr to the heavy and light chains of activated factor V. Thrombin activates VIII:C and V by generating these polypeptide chains from larger precursors and APC inactivates both molecules by cleavage at a site located in the heavy chain region of activated VIII:C and V.
An autonomic problem determination system using adaptive multi-levels dictionaries and singular value decomposition techniques (2009)

An autonomic Problem Determination (PD) system can adapt to changing environments, react to existing or new error conditions and predict possible problems from a collection of seemingly unrelated events and take actions proactively. In this paper, we propose such a system with the use of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique and dynamic and adaptive multi-levels dictionaries. Our proposed PD system applies an iterative method that enables a dynamic interaction between a set of sparsely related events and the current dictionaries, with its entries being continuously updated to reflect the relative importance of each event. Updating the dictionaries triggers an update of the SVD matrix, thereby accelerating the convergence of the SVD matrix. Our PD system can capture knowledge in a hierarchical form for complex knowledge representation. It does not require a formal knowledge model or intensive training by examples. It is an efficient system with sufficient accuracy for autonomic and adaptive problem determination.
Everett Kinsey Lecture. Keratocyte apoptosis in refractive surgery. (1998)

Keratocyte apoptosis may be an initiator of the wound healing response in the cornea. Control of this response has the potential to regulate wound healing in the cornea in response to PRK or LASIK. Recent evidence suggests that keratocyte apoptosis mediated by chronic epithelial injury could have a role in the pathogenesis of keratoconus.
Transmit and receive diversity and equalization in wireless networks with fading channels (2002)

A joint power control and space-time diversity scheme is proposed for the uplink and downlink. In the uplink, mobile power and equalization/diversity combining vectors at the base stations are calculated jointly. The mobile transmitted power is minimized while the signal to noise ratio (SNR) at each link is maintained above a threshold. A multitap transmit diversity scheme for the downlink is also proposed where the transmit weight vectors are adjusted such that the SNR at each mobile is greater than a threshold. The proposed transmit and receive diversity combining schemes can be applied to networks with fading channels and in cases where the number of cochannels and multipaths are larger than the number of antenna elements. The proposed algorithm achieves the optimal solution for the uplink that minimizes the mobile power, and achieves a feasible solution for the downlink if any exists.
New fabrication process for Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (2003)

In this paper, we introduce a new method to fabricate Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUT) that uses a wafer-bonding technique. The transducer membrane and cavity are defined separately on a Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) wafer and on a prime quality silicon wafer, respectively. Using silicon direct bonding in a vacuum environment, the two wafers are bonded forming the transducer. This new process offers many advantages over surface micromachining on the fabrication of the transducers with different cavity and membrane configurations. CMUTs with different dimensions have been successfully fabricated and characterized. For the first time, sub-MHz operation is achieved with CMUTs. The test results show that the new process is a promising method to fabricate CMUTs for operation in air and water at different frequency ranges.
Constrained versus unconstrained learning in generalized recurrent network for image processing (2017)

Many practical applications such as large scale image processing requires cost function optimization that is rather complex in nature. This renders the generic function approximators such as MLP quite inefficient in approximating such functions. A particular variant of universal approximators (UA) known as Cellular Simultaneous Recurrent Network (CSRN) is shown to be efficient in solving this type of complex functions. This cellular formation of SRN is specifically adept at approximating the topological mapping tasks typically found in image data processing. However, training CSRN for topological image processing is a challenging task because of the complexity of the network and the sheer size of the image data. Several representative training algorithms such as Back-propagation Through Time (BPTT), Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been used to train CSRN for different applications. However, none of the works in literature shows systematic approach to choose an appropriate learning algorithm for training a complex UA such as the CSRN in generalized image processing applications. Consequently, for the first time in literature, this work obtains generalization of the network architecture for image processing and simultaneously performs a systematic comparison to solve complex topological image mapping problems. It is shown that introduction of unconstrained Jacobian free learning algorithms such as Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and PSO alleviate the high computational cost otherwise associated with calculating Jacobian for EKF. Our result also shows that Jacobian-free training algorithms such as UKF and PSO perform better than Jacobian-based algorithm such as EKF in large scale image data processing.
SiSiC Heat Exchangers for Recuperative Gas Burners with Highly Structured Surface Elements (2013)

Heat exchangers are used in gas burners as recuperators. Their efficiency is proportional to their surface which is usually limited by the burner length and diameter. Ceramic recuperators used nowadays in industrial burners are tubular. We studied and developed a new generation of ceramic heat exchanger with the final goal of increasing the efficiency or, at similar efficiencies, of reducing their size and weight. A commercial SiSiC heat exchanger component was used to guarantee safety and robustness. The use of structured textile geometries followed by their conversion into a ceramic is the main innovation of this work.
Bitstream: A Flexible SDN Protocol for Service Provider Networks (2018)

SDNs could be a game changer for next generation provider networks. OpenFlow (OF) - the dominant SDN protocol, is rigid in its South Bound Interface (SBI) - any new protocol field that the hardware must support, must await complete OF standardization. In contrast, OF alternatives such as protocol oblivious forwarding (POF) and ForCES have simpler schemes for insertion of new protocol identifiers. Even with these there is an inherent limitation on network hardware - the tables must support specific table format and configuration at each node as per protocol semantics. We ask the question - can we design an open system - one that is carrier-class, yet able to meet the requirements of any protocol forwarding/action with a minimal set of dataplane function. We propose bitstream, a low-latency, source-routing based scheme that can support new protocols, be compatible with existing protocols and facilitate a minimum semantic set for acting on a packet. A prototype is built to show bitstream working.
An online video placement policy based on bandwidth to space ratio (BSR) (1995)

In a video-on-demand server, resource reservation is required to guarantee continuous delivery. Hence any given storage device (or a striping group treated as a single logical device) can serve only up to a fixed number of client access streams. Each storage device is also limited by the number of video files it can store. For the reasons of availability, incremental growth, and heterogeneity, there may be multiple storage devices in a video server environment. Hence, one or more copies of a particular video may be placed on different storage devices. Since the access rates to different videos are not uniform, there may be load imbalance among the devices. In this paper, we propose a dynamic placement policy (called the Bandwidth to Space Ratio (BSR) Policy) that creates and/or deletes replica of a video, and mixes hot and cold videos so as to make the best use of bandwidth and space of a storage device. The proposed policy is evaluated using a simulation study.
The Browser as a Document Composition Engine (2015)

Printing has long been a neglected aspect of the Web, and the print function of browsers, when used on documents designed for on-screen consumption, often leads to a poor result. Whereas print CSS goes some way towards optimizing the paper experience, it still does not enable full control over the page layout, which is necessary to obtain a publication-quality print result. Furthermore, its use requires web authors to invest additional resources for a feature that might only be used infrequently. This paper introduces a framework designed to alleviate these issues and improve the print experience on the Web. We describe the technologies that enable us to automatically compose and optimize the layout of a document, and generate a high quality PDF fully within the browser. This functionality can be offered to web publishers in the form of a print button, enabling content to be simultaneously delivered in screen and print formats, and ensuring a publication-quality result that adheres to the publisher's design guidelines.
Large-scale modular quantum-computer architecture with atomic memory and photonic interconnects (2014)

The practical construction of scalable quantum-computer hardware capable of executing nontrivial quantum algorithms will require the juxtaposition of different types of quantum systems. We analyze a modular ion trap quantum-computer architecture with a hierarchy of interactions that can scale to very large numbers of qubits. Local entangling quantum gates between qubit memories within a single register are accomplished using natural interactions between the qubits, and entanglement between separate registers is completed via a probabilistic photonic interface between qubits in different registers, even over large distances. We show that this architecture can be made fault tolerant, and demonstrate its viability for fault-tolerant execution of modest size quantum circuits.
Anisotropic Properties of Conducting Polymers Prepared by Liquid Crystal Templating (2004)

Anisotropic films of poly(3,4‐ethyldioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been prepared by polymerization in an aqueous, self‐organized liquid crystalline template. The cylindrical, hydrophobic cores of the hexagonal template direct electropolymerization, producing films with anisotropic optical absorption and conductivity (see Figure).
Tracking mobile users in wireless communications networks (1993)

Tracking strategies for mobile wireless networks are studied. A cellular architecture in which base stations that are interconnected by a wired network communicate with mobile units via wireless links is assumed. The cost of utilizing the wireless links for the actual tracking of mobile users is considered. A tracking strategy in which a subset of all base stations is selected and designed as reporting centers is proposed. Mobile users transmit update messages only upon entering cells of reporting centers, while every search for a mobile user is restricted to the vicinity of the reporting center to which the user last reported. It is shown that, for an arbitrary topology of the cellular network (represented by the mobility graph), finding an optimal set of reporting centers is an NP-complete problem. Optimal and near-optimal solutions for important special cases of the mobility graph are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines: Synthesis and Biological Activity Against Colon Cancer Cell Lines HT‐29 and Caco‐2. (2012)

Abstract 13 Title compounds of type (IV) are prepared by a three‐component one‐pot synthesis.
Three‐Dimensional Cardiac Mapping Characterizes Ventricular Contractile Patterns during Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Implant: A Feasibility Study (2015)

Tracking the motion of CRT pacing electrodes with a mapping system to derive contractility surrogates during implant is feasible.