gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Automatic Detection of Vocal Fry (2007)

Vocal fry (also called creak, creaky voice, and pulse register phonation) is a voice quality that carries important linguistic or paralinguistic information, depending on the language. We propose a set of acoustic measures and a method for automatically detecting vocal fry segments in speech utterances. A glottal pulse-synchronized method is proposed to deal with the very low fundamental frequency properties of vocal fry segments, which cause problems in the classic short-term analysis methods. The proposed acoustic measures characterize power, aperiodicity, and similarity properties of vocal fry signals. The basic idea of the proposed method is to scan for local power peaks in a ldquovery short-termrdquo power contour for obtaining glottal pulse candidates, check for periodicity properties, and evaluate a similarity measure between neighboring glottal pulse candidates for deciding the possibility of being vocal fry pulses. In the periodicity analysis, autocorrelation peak properties are taken into account for avoiding misdetection of periodicity in vocal fry segments. Evaluation of the proposed acoustic measures in the automatic detection resulted in 74% correct detection, with an insertion error rate of 13%.
Validation of Fermentation and Processing Procedures for the Commercial-Scale Production of a Live, Attenuated <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i> Vaccine for Use in Channel Catfish Aquaculture (2017)

Mortality associated with Edwardsiella ictaluri infection is a serious impediment to the commercial production of fingerling Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus. A patented, live, attenuated, orally delivered vaccine has been developed that offers exceptional protection against E. ictaluri infection in both laboratory and small-scale pond trials. Further vaccine development is contingent on the successful completion of large-scale field trials that accurately reflect industry conditions. This current work focuses on the validation of fermentation protocols and the optimization of downstream processing procedures to produce sufficient quantities of vaccine to conduct commercial-scale field trials. Eight vaccine serials were produced from a master seed stock (S97-773-340X2) in a 50-L floor model fermenter over two consecutive years. Following fermentation, cells were harvested, concentrated 10-fold, and cryogenically stored (-74°C). To assess processing protocols and determine shelf life of cryogenically stored vaccine, serials were tested for cell viability and vaccine potency at various intervals over 24 months. There were no significant differences in cell viability between the fresh vaccine and the stored frozen product. All serials provided a high level of protection (77-100% relative percent survival) against E. ictaluri infection in juvenile Channel Catfish and exhibited excellent poststorage viability. This data demonstrates that the live, attenuated, orally delivered vaccine can be stored at -74°C for at least 2 years with no reduction in cell viability or vaccine potency. Received May 17, 2016; accepted January 19, 2017.
Chromosome-wide mapping of DNA methylation patterns in normal and malignant prostate cells reveals pervasive methylation of gene-associated and conserved intergenic sequences (2011)

DNA methylation has been linked to genome regulation and dysregulation in health and disease respectively, and methods for characterizing genomic DNA methylation patterns are rapidly emerging. We have developed/refined methods for enrichment of methylated genomic fragments using the methyl-binding domain of the human MBD2 protein (MBD2-MBD) followed by analysis with high-density tiling microarrays. This MBD-chip approach was used to characterize DNA methylation patterns across all non-repetitive sequences of human chromosomes 21 and 22 at high-resolution in normal and malignant prostate cells. Examining this data using computational methods that were designed specifically for DNA methylation tiling array data revealed widespread methylation of both gene promoter and non-promoter regions in cancer and normal cells. In addition to identifying several novel cancer hypermethylated 5' gene upstream regions that mediated epigenetic gene silencing, we also found several hypermethylated 3' gene downstream, intragenic and intergenic regions. The hypermethylated intragenic regions were highly enriched for overlap with intron-exon boundaries, suggesting a possible role in regulation of alternative transcriptional start sites, exon usage and/or splicing. The hypermethylated intergenic regions showed significant enrichment for conservation across vertebrate species. A sampling of these newly identified promoter (ADAMTS1 and SCARF2 genes) and non-promoter (downstream or within DSCR9, C21orf57 and HLCS genes) hypermethylated regions were effective in distinguishing malignant from normal prostate tissues and/or cell lines. Comparison of chromosome-wide DNA methylation patterns in normal and malignant prostate cells revealed significant methylation of gene-proximal and conserved intergenic sequences. Such analyses can be easily extended for genome-wide methylation analysis in health and disease.
Surface Modification by Electrical Discharge Machining. Composite Electrode Method. (1993)

This paper presents a new method of surface modification by electrical discharge machining (EDM) using composite structured electrode. Composite structured electrode is made of green compact product or sintered product. Since the apparent thermal conductivity of the electrode is very low, the wear rate of the electrode gets so high that the substance of the electrode is implanted into work surface by EDM. Some experiments of surface modification were performed on carbon steel as workpieces by EDM with the composite electrodes in hydrocarbon oil. Copper, aluminum and tungsten carbide were used for the material of the electrode in experiments. It was revealed that there existed the electrode material in the work surface layer with the thickness of several tens micrometers.
Preclinical evaluation of a synthetic Plasmodium falciparum MAP malaria vaccine in Aotus monkeys and mice (1999)

Multiple antigen peptides (MAPs) containing epitopes of the major surface protein of the malaria sporozoite, the circumsporozoite (CS) protein, have been shown in previous studies to elicit antibody-mediated protection against sporozoite challenge in experimental murine and simian hosts. For the preparation for a phase I trial of a P. falciparum (T1B)4 MAP, which contains T and B cell epitopes from the CS repeat region, pre-clinical immunogenicity and adjuvant formulation studies were carried out in mice and Aotus monkeys. The (T1B)4 MAP was found to be immunogenic in three different species of owl monkeys, Aotus nancymae, A. vociferans and A. nigriceps. Optimal antibody responses were obtained in A. nancymae immunized s.c. with (T1B)4 MAP emulsified in Freund's, in which peak titers of over 10(6) were obtained in individual monkeys. MAP immunized A. vociferans also developed high levels of anti-sporozoite antibodies, although the kinetics and the magnitude of the response differed from A. nancymae. (T1B)4 MAP adsorbed to alum (aluminum hydroxide), a formulation that is acceptable for human use, was less immunogenic in naive A. nancymae, as well as A. nigriceps. The injection of MAPs/alum, however, significantly enhanced antibody responses in sporozoite-primed monkeys, suggesting that the administration of the MAP vaccine may be an effective means to increase the low levels of antibody present in individuals living in malaria endemic areas. The addition of a co-adjuvant QS-21, a purified saponin, significantly increased the immunogenicity of the alum-adsorbed MAP in both mice and monkeys, providing a vaccine formulation suitable for phase I trials in human volunteers.
CMOS-SOI-MEMS transistor (TMOS) for infrared imaging (2008)

The novel concept of thermally isolated CMOS-SOI-MEMS transistor serving as IR detector (TMOS) is presented and characterized, showing high potential for thermal imaging, allowing long integration time because of negligible self heating.
Automatic mouse embryo brain ventricle segmentation, gestation stage estimation, and mutant detection from 3D 40-MHz ultrasound data (2015)

Volumetric analysis of brain ventricles (BVs) is important to the study of normal and abnormal development of the central nervous system of mouse embryos. High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) is frequently used to image embryos because it is real-time, non-invasive, and provides fine-resolution images. However, manual segmentation of BVs from 3D HFU volumes remains challenging and time consuming. Therefore, automatic segmentation, staging, and mutant detection algorithms are needed for studies with large embryo counts. An accurate and automatic method to segment BVs from high-frequency ultrasound images has been stated in a prior work. This paper presents novel algorithms for deriving the Y-skeleton of a BV region and decomposing the BV region into five components (fourth ventricle, aqueduct, third ventricle and two lateral ventricles). Embryo staging and mutant detection are accomplished by analyzing the volume profile along the BV skeleton and the volumes of the five BV components.
Wide-band Millimeter-wave Synthesizer by Integrated Microcomb Photomixing (2020)

We demonstrate a wideband and tunable millimeter-wave synthesizer, using microcomb photomixing. For example, we generate a 150.8 GHz signal with Allan deviation of ~ 3 X 10 _12 /s. Our microcomb system supports a continuous range of 0.05-1 THz.
A Two-Component DNA-Prime/Protein-Boost Vaccination Strategy for Eliciting Long-Term, Protective T Cell Immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi (2015)

In this study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of a two-component subunit vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with TcG2/TcG4 vaccine delivered by a DNA-prime/Protein-boost (D/P) approach and challenged with T. cruzi at 120 or 180 days post-vaccination (dpv). We examined whether vaccine-primed T cell immunity was capable of rapid expansion and intercepting the infecting T. cruzi. Our data showed that D/P vaccine elicited CD4+ (30-38%) and CD8+ (22-42%) T cells maintained an effector phenotype up to 180 dpv, and were capable of responding to antigenic stimulus or challenge infection by a rapid expansion (CD8>CD4) with type 1 cytokine (IFNγ+ and TFNα+) production and cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Subsequently, challenge infection at 120 or 180 dpv, resulted in 2-3-fold lower parasite burden in vaccinated mice than was noted in unvaccinated/infected mice. Co-delivery of IL-12- and GMCSF-encoding expression plasmids provided no significant benefits in enhancing the anti-parasite efficacy of the vaccine-induced T cell immunity. Booster immunization (bi) with recombinant TcG2/TcG4 proteins 3-months after primary vaccine enhanced the protective efficacy, evidenced by an enhanced expansion (1.2-2.8-fold increase) of parasite-specific, type 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a potent CTL response capable of providing significantly improved (3-4.5-fold) control of infecting T. cruzi. Further, CD8+T cells in vaccinated/bi mice were predominantly of central memory phenotype, and capable of responding to challenge infection 4-6-months post bi by a rapid expansion to a poly-functional effector phenotype, and providing a 1.5-2.3-fold reduction in tissue parasite replication. We conclude that the TcG2/TcG4 D/P vaccine provided long-term anti-T. cruzi T cell immunity, and bi would be an effective strategy to maintain or enhance the vaccine-induced protective immunity against T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease.
Preparation of Macrocyclic <i>Z</i>-Enoates and (<i>E</i>,<i>Z</i>)- or (<i>Z</i>,<i>E</i>)-Dienoates through Catalytic Stereoselective Ring-Closing Metathesis (2014)

The first examples of catalyst-controlled stereoselective macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis reactions that generate Z-enoates as well as (E,Z)- or (Z,E)-dienoates are disclosed. Reactions promoted by 3.0-10 mol % of a Mo-based monoaryloxide pyrrolide complex proceed to completion within 2-6 h at room temperature. The desired macrocycles are formed in 79:21 to >98:2 Z/E selectivity; stereoisomerically pure products can be obtained in 43-75% yield after chromatography. Utility is demonstrated by application to a concise formal synthesis of the natural product (+)-aspicilin.
Muscle-specific Overexpression of FAT/CD36 Enhances Fatty Acid Oxidation by Contracting Muscle, Reduces Plasma Triglycerides and Fatty Acids, and Increases Plasma Glucose and Insulin (1999)

Increasing evidence has implicated the membrane protein CD36 (FAT) in binding and transport of long chain fatty acids (FA). To determine the physiological role of CD36, we examined effects of its overexpression in muscle, a tissue that depends on FA for its energy needs and is responsible for clearing a major fraction of circulating FA. Mice with CD36 overexpression in muscle were generated using the promoter of the muscle creatine kinase gene (MCK). Transgenic (MCK-CD36) mice had a slightly lower body weight than control litter mates. This reflected a leaner body mass with less overall adipose tissue, as evidenced by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Soleus muscles from transgenic animals exhibited a greatly enhanced ability to oxidize fatty acids in response to stimulation/contraction. This increased oxidative ability was not associated with significant alterations in histological appearance of muscle fibers. Transgenic mice had lower blood levels of triglycerides and fatty acids and a reduced triglyceride content of very low density lipoproteins. Blood cholesterol levels were slightly lower, but no significant decrease in the cholesterol content of major lipoprotein fractions was measured. Blood glucose was significantly increased, while insulin levels were similar in the fed state and higher in the fasted state. However, glucose tolerance curves, determined at 20 weeks of age, were similar in control and transgenic mice. In summary, the study documented, in vivo, the role of CD36 to facilitate cellular FA uptake. It also illustrated importance of the uptake process in muscle to overall FA metabolism and glucose utilization.
A Novel Frequency-Modulation (FM) Demodulator for Microwave Photonic Links based on Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Bragg Grating (2020)

A novel scheme for demodulating frequency-modulated optical signals is proposed. It uses polarization-maintaining fiber Bragg grating (PM-FBG) as a frequency discriminator. The basic principle and preliminary results of linearity and demodulation are presented.
Molecular properties of the Ro/SSA antigen and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of antibody. (1984)

Antibodies to the Ro/SSA antigen occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. An immunoaffinity method for the preparation of electrophoretically homogeneous Ro/SSA antigen is described. Several molecular properties of the antigen have been determined. The native RNA protein particle has a molecular weight of approximately 100,000 D determined by gel filtration. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-analysis of the purified Ro/SSA antigen and analysis by staining of bands with silver and Coomassie Blue, Western blotting, and RNAase treatment leads to a hypothesis for the structure of the particle in which an antigenic 60,000 protein is bound to 24,000-27,000 RNA molecules which are not antigenic. An enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay method for assay of anti-Ro/SSA is also described which sensitively measures antigen binding at dilutions of sera containing anti-Ro/SSA precipitins up to 10(7) fold. Normal sera on average have 10(3) less binding activity.
Last-Mile Navigation Using Smartphones (2015)

Although GPS has become a standard component of smartphones, providing accurate navigation during the last portion of a trip remains an important but unsolved problem. Despite extensive research on localization, the limited resolution of a map imposes restrictions on the navigation engine in both indoor and outdoor environments. To bridge the gap between the end position obtained from legacy navigation services and the real destination, we pro-pose FOLLOWME, a “last-mile ” navigation system to enable plug-and-play navigation in indoor and semi-outdoor environments. FOLLOWME exploits the ubiquitous, stable geomagnetic field and natural walking patterns to navigate the users to the same destination taken by an earlier traveler. Unlike existing localization and navigation systems, FOLLOWME is infrastructure-free, energy-efficient and cost-saving. We implemented FOLLOWME on smartphones, and evaluated it in a four-story campus building with a testing area of 2000m2. Our experimental results with 5 users show that 95 % of spatial errors during navigation were 2m or less with at least 50 % energy savings over a benchmark system.
Robust Deconvolution of Complex Mixtures by Covariance TOCSY Spectroscopy (2007)

NMR-Spektren von Mischungen können mithilfe einer neuen Analysemethode, genannt DemixC, in die einzelnen Komponenten entfaltet werden (siehe Schema). Die Methode, die auf TOCSY-Kovarianzspektren (Gesamtkorrelationsspektroskopie) zurückgreift, identifiziert Spuren mit minimaler spektraler Überlappung zu anderen Spinsystemen, die mit NMR-Datenbanken abgeglichen werden können.
Detection, location and source mechanism determination of microseismic events: evaluating seismicity related to hydraulic fracturing (2014)

D. Anikiev, J. Valenta, F. Stanek and L. Eisner present a technique for processing continuous datasets from microseismic monitoring during hydraulic fracturing of a gas shale reservoir in North America.
Tissue discrimination in anterior eye using three optical parameters obtained by polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (2009)

We developed a tissue discrimination algorithm of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) based on the optical properties of tissues. We calculated the three-dimensional (3D) feature vector from the parameters intensity, extinction coefficient, birefringence, which were obtained by PS-OCT. The tissue type of each pixel was determined according to the position of the feature vector in the 3D feature space. The algorithm was applied for discriminating tissues of the human anterior eye segment. The conjunctiva, sclera, trabecular meshwork (TM), cornea, and uvea were well separated in the 3D feature space, and we observed them with good contrast. The TM line can be observed in the 3D discriminated volume, as observed by gonioscopy.We validated our method by applying our algorithm and histological data to porcine eyes. A marker was injected into sub-Tenon's space and the tissues that were anterior to the marker and posterior to the marker were successfully segmented by our algorithm.
Monolithic tunable terahertz quantum cascade laser source based on difference frequency generation (2014)

A monolithic tunable single mode terahertz quantum cascade laser source based on intra-cavity difference frequency generation with a tuning range of ~580 GHz is demonstrated at room temperature.
Soft x ray microscope using Fourier transform holography (1989)

A Fourier transform holographic microscope with an anticipated resolution of better than 100 nm has been built. Extensive testing of the apparatus has begun. Preliminary results include the recording of interference fringes using 3.6 nm x-rays. The microscope employs a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector array of 576 {times} 384 elements. The system is illuminated by soft x-rays from a high brightness undulator. The reference point source is formed by a Fresnel zone plate with a finest outer zone width of 50 nm. Sufficient temporal coherence for hologram formation is obtained by a spherical grating monochromator. The x-ray hologram intensities at the recording plane are to be collected, digitized and reconstructed by computer. Data acquisition is under CAMAC control, while image display and off-line processing takes place on a VAX graphics workstation. Computational models of Fourier transform hologram synthesis, and reconstruction in the presence of noise, have demonstrated the feasibility of numerical methods in two dimensions, and that three-dimensional information is potentially recoverable. 13 refs., 3 figs.
Defective interfering virus protects elderly mice from influenza (2011)

The defective interfering virus is effective in preventing severe influenza A in elderly mice and may offer a new approach to protection of the human population.
Novel device for expanding Schlemm's canal: a morphological study (2015)

This study was performed to assess any changes in Schlemm's canal (SC) in human autopsy eyes possibly resulting from the injection of a viscoelastic substance and implantation of a new device (the Stegmann Canal Expander, SCE) into SC. After the surgical procedure, eyes were fixed, dissected into quartered segments and examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Tissue sections displayed a marked dilation of SC and of the collector channels compared with untreated control sections. The SC walls were disrupted in some areas due to viscodilation, but not due to SCE implantation. In all eyes, the entire 9-mm length of the SCE was positioned inside the canal, keeping the canal wide open. The SCE diameter of 240 μm remained unchanged after implantation. Injection of a viscoelastic substance into SC leads to marked dilation of SC and collector channels. Implanting the SCE into SC allowed persistent expansion of SC and stretching of the trabecular meshwork. This may increase the permeability of the trabecular meshwork, reduce its resistance to aqueous humour and maintain circumferential flow within SC. Experimental and clinical studies should determine the impact of this new canal expander in terms of lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma surgery.
Advanced biomass reburning for high efficiency NO{sub x} control (1996)

An environmental problem faced by the power generation industry involves controlling flue gas emissions from coal fired boilers. Reburning is a mature fuel staging NO{sub x} control technology which has been successfully demonstrated at full scale on numerous occasions. This paper develops a novel approach of utilizing biomass as a means of NO{sub x} control in the EER`s Advanced Reburning (AR) technologies. EER is developing novel concepts to improve the basic reburning process to 90+% NO{sub x} control. The AR process, a synergistic combination of basic reburning and N-agent injection, achieved 85% NO reduction in pilot-scale experiments. Further AR improvements incorporate addition of alkali additives which enhance the NO{sub x} control from N-agent injection and injection of the N-agent in the reburning zone. This work-in-progress paper describes the concept of using biomass as the reburning fuel in the AR technologies. Initial data are presented which integrate biomass with AR. Biomass already includes chemical substances (nitrogen- and alkali-containing compounds) which are necessary for promoting the reburning process and, therefore, can be used as a low cost option for effective control of NO{sub x} emissions.
InGaAs/InAlAs multi-quantum well light modulator and detector (2006)

Multi-Quantum Well (MQW) modulators have been demonstrated with a high contrast ratio of of 5:1 in an InGaAs/InAlAs p-i-n structure at 1.55 μm. Additionally, it was found that modulators that exploit the optical properties of resonant cavities can achieve contrast ratios at least three times larger than those that don't. The devices fabricated were measured to have modulation rates of greater than 30 MHz. Lastly, quantum efficiencies and responsivity measurements show that modulator would be able to detect incident light and coupled with electronics would "know" when to modulate.