gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wave propagation in thin-film optical waveguides using gyrotropic and anisotropic materials as substrates (1972)

Wave propagation in optical waveguides on substrates of magnetic, optically active, or birefringent material is analyzed. The conditions for TE <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Leftrightarrow</tex> TM mode conversion are derived and computer calculations showing the characteristic of a quartz-substrate mode converter is obtained. A mathematical analysis of a gyrator using two mode converters in series is given and the schemes for an isolator, modulator, optical switch, and optical read-out devices are mentioned.
SENSE: a Shared Encoder Network for Scene-flow Estimation (2019)

We introduce a compact network for holistic scene flow estimation, called SENSE, which shares common encoder features among four closely-related tasks: optical flow estimation, disparity estimation from stereo, occlusion estimation, and semantic segmentation. Our key insight is that sharing features makes the network more compact, induces better feature representations, and can better exploit interactions among these tasks to handle partially labeled data. With a shared encoder, we can flexibly add decoders for different tasks during training. This modular design leads to a compact and efficient model at inference time. Exploiting the interactions among these tasks allows us to introduce distillation and self-supervised losses in addition to supervised losses, which can better handle partially labeled real-world data. SENSE achieves state-of-the-art results on several optical flow benchmarks and runs as fast as networks specifically designed for optical flow. It also compares favorably against the state of the art on stereo and scene flow, while consuming much less memory.
ConE: A Concurrent Edit Detection Tool for Large Scale Software Development (2021)

Modern, complex software systems are being continuously extended and adjusted. The developers responsible for this may come from different teams or organizations, and may be distributed over the world. This may make it difficult to keep track of what other developers are doing, which may result in multiple developers concurrently editing the same code areas. This, in turn, may lead to hard-to-merge changes or even merge conflicts, logical bugs that are difficult to detect, duplication of work, and wasted developer productivity. To address this, we explore the extent of this problem in the pull request based software development model. We study half a year of changes made to six large repositories in Microsoft in which at least 1,000 pull requests are created each month. We find that files concurrently edited in different pull requests are more likely to introduce bugs. Motivated by these findings, we design, implement, and deploy a service named ConE (Concurrent Edit Detector) that proactively detects pull requests containing concurrent edits, to help mitigate the problems caused by them. ConE has been designed to scale, and to minimize false alarms while still flagging relevant concurrently edited files. Key concepts of ConE include the detection of the Extent of Overlap between pull requests, and the identification of Rarely Concurrently Edited Files. To evaluate ConE, we report on its operational deployment on 234 repositories inside Microsoft. ConE assessed 26,000 pull requests and made 775 recommendations about conflicting changes, which were rated as useful in over 70% (554) of the cases. From interviews with 48 users we learned that they believed ConE would save time in conflict resolution and avoiding duplicate work, and that over 90% intend to keep using the service on a daily basis.
A Feature-Driven Approach for Identifying Pathogenic Social Media\n Accounts (2020)

Over the past few years, we have observed different media outlets' attempts\nto shift public opinion by framing information to support a narrative that\nfacilitate their goals. Malicious users referred to as "pathogenic social\nmedia" (PSM) accounts are more likely to amplify this phenomena by spreading\nmisinformation to viral proportions. Understanding the spread of misinformation\nfrom account-level perspective is thus a pressing problem. In this work, we aim\nto present a feature-driven approach to detect PSM accounts in social media.\nInspired by the literature, we set out to assess PSMs from three broad\nperspectives: (1) user-related information (e.g., user activity, profile\ncharacteristics), (2) source-related information (i.e., information linked via\nURLs shared by users) and (3) content-related information (e.g., tweets\ncharacteristics). For the user-related information, we investigate malicious\nsignals using causality analysis (i.e., if user is frequently a cause of viral\ncascades) and profile characteristics (e.g., number of followers, etc.). For\nthe source-related information, we explore various malicious properties linked\nto URLs (e.g., URL address, content of the associated website, etc.). Finally,\nfor the content-related information, we examine attributes (e.g., number of\nhashtags, suspicious hashtags, etc.) from tweets posted by users. Experiments\non real-world Twitter data from different countries demonstrate the\neffectiveness of the proposed approach in identifying PSM users.\n
<title>Epidermal melanin absorption in human skin</title> (1996)

The principle of laser induced selective photothermolysis is to induced thermal damage to specific targets in such a manner that the temperature of the surrounding tissue is maintained below the threshold for thermal damage. The selectivity is obtained by selection of a proper wavelength and pulse duration. The technique is presently being used in the clinic for removal of port-wine stains. The presence of melanin in the epidermal layer can represent a limitation to the selectivity. Melanin absorption drops off significantly with increasing wavelength, but is significant in the entire wavelength region where the blood absorption is high. Treatment of port-wine stain in patients with high skin pigmentation may therefore give overheating of the epidermis, resulting in epidermal necrosis. Melanosomal heating is dependent on the energy and duration of the laser pulse. The heating mechanism for time scales less than typically 1 microsecond(s) corresponds to a transient local heating of the individual melanosomes. For larger time scales, heat diffusion out of the melanosomes become of increased importance, and the temperature distribution will reach a local steady state condition after typically 10 microsecond(s) . For even longer pulse duration, heat diffusing from neighboring melanosomes becomes important, and the temperature rise in a time scale from 100 - 500 microsecond(s) is dominated by this mechanism. The epidermal heating during the typical 450 microsecond(s) pulse used for therapy is thus dependent on the average epidermal melanin content rather than on the absorption coefficient of the individual melanosomes. This study will present in vivo measurements of the epidermal melanin absorption of human skin when exposed to short laser pulses (< 0.1 microsecond(s) ) from a Q-switched ruby laser and with long laser pulses (approximately 500 microsecond(s) ) from a free-running ruby laser or a long pulse length flashlamp pumped dye laser. The epidermal melanin absorption coefficient of human skin of various pigmentation and races will be presented.
User-created forms as an effective method of human-agent communication (2009)

A key challenge for mixed-initiative systems is to create a shared understanding of the task between human and agent. To address this challenge, we created a mixed-initiative interface called Mixer to aid administrators with automating tedious information-retrieval tasks. Users initiate communication with the agent by constructing a form, creating a structure to hold the information they require and to show context in order to interpret this information. They then populate the form with the desired results, demonstrating to the agent the steps required to retrieve the information. This method of form creation explicitly defines the shared understanding between human and agent. An evaluation of the interface shows that administrators can effectively create forms to communicate with the agent, that they are likely to accept this technology in their work environment, and that the agent's help can significantly reduce the time they spend on repeated information-retrieval tasks.
Invariants Based Failure Diagnosis in Distributed Computing Systems (2010)

This paper presents an instance based approach to diagnosing failures in computing systems. Owing to the fact that a large portion of occurred failures are repeated ones, our method takes advantage of past experiences by storing historical failures in a database and retrieving similar instances in the occurrence of failure. We extract the system `invariants' by modeling consistent dependencies between system attributes during the operation, and construct a network graph based on the learned invariants. When a failure happens, the status of invariants network, i.e., whether each invariant link is broken or not, provides a view of failure characteristics. We use a high dimensional binary vector to store those failure evidences, and develop a novel algorithm to efficiently retrieve failure signatures from the database. Experimental results in a web based system have demonstrated the effectiveness of our method in diagnosing the injected failures.
Nanomechanical Resonance Spectroscopy: A Novel Route to Ultrasensitive Label-Free Detection (2008)

We propose a new chemical detection technique in which an analyte's vibrational frequencies are interrogated directly using an array of nanomechanical resonators. This "nanomechanical resonance spectroscopy" (NRS) could permit label-free chemical detection, combining the high sensitivity of nanomechanical approaches with the high selectivity of traditional spectroscopy. A computational proof of principle is presented, demonstrating the central concept: exploiting resonant exchange of vibrational energy for chemical identification. Guidelines for experimental realization of NRS are discussed.
A New High-Current Proton Accelerator (2009)

A high‐current (>20 mA) dc proton accelerator is being developed for applications such as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and the detection of explosive materials by nuclear resonance absorption (NRA) of gamma radiation. The high‐voltage dc accelerator (adjustable between 1.4 and 2.8 MeV) will be a single‐ended industrial Dynamitron® system equipped with a compact high‐current, microwave‐driven proton source. A magnetic mass analyzer inserted between the ion source and the acceleration tube will select the protons and reject heavier ions. A sorption pump near the ion source will minimize the flow of neutral hydrogen gas into the acceleration tube. For BNCT, a lithium target for generating epithermal neutrons is being developed that will be capable of dissipating the high power (>40 kW) of the proton beam. For NRA, special targets will be used to generate gamma rays with suitable energies for exciting nuclides typically present in explosive materials. Proton accelerators with such high‐current and high‐power capabilities in this energy range have not been developed previously.
Multimode Imaging in the Thermal Infrared for Chemical Contrast Enhancement. Part 1: Methodology (2010)

We combine a thermal light source with a conventional thermal infrared camera, alternating current (AC) detection methods, and chemical filtering of the infrared (IR) light to generate several imaging modalities in a simple manner. We demonstrate that digital lock-in amplifier techniques can increase the chemical contrast in an active thermal infrared image using both reflectance and thermal re-emission. We show this method is useful for visualizing thin coatings on fabrics that are invisible to the eye. We also take advantage of a "like-detects-like" chemical filtering approach to chemical selectivity for the purpose of chemical identification using a broadband thermal detector.
Computer-Aided Detection of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Operations in Colonoscopy Videos (2007)

Colonoscopy is an endoscopic technique that allows a physician to inspect the inside of the human colon and to perform--if deemed necessary-at the same time a number of diagnostic and therapeutic operations. In order to see the inside of the colon, a video signal of the internal mucosa of the colon is generated by a tiny video camera at the tip of the endoscope and displayed on a monitor for real-time analysis by the physician. We have captured and stored these videos in digital format and call these colonoscopy videos. Based on new algorithms for instrument detection and shot segmentation, we introduce new spatio-temporal analysis techniques to automatically identify an operation shot--a segment of visual data in a colonoscopy video that corresponds to a diagnostic or therapeutic operation. Our experiments on real colonoscopy videos demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed techniques and software are useful for 1) postprocedure review for causes of complications due to diagnostic or therapeutic operations; 2) establishment of an effective content-based retrieval system to facilitate endoscopic research and education; 3) development of a systematic approach to assess and improve the procedural skills of endoscopists.
Structure-activity studies on a potent antagonist to organophosphate-induced toxicity (1991)

Molecular modifications have been made on a highly potent, active antagonist to organophosphate-induced toxicity, 4,4'-bis[1,3-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)methylamino]acetyl]biphenyl dimethobromide (1). Stepwise removal of the oxygen atoms from the dioxane rings, as well as changing the position of attachment of substituents on the 1,3-dioxane rings and decreasing the ring size from six-membered to five-membered caused drastic or complete loss of pharmacological effect. Partial structures of 1 were all inactive. Thus, the structure of 1 seems to be remarkably specific. Additional pharmacological data are reported for 1.
An independent validation of a gene expression signature to differentiate malignant melanoma from benign melanocytic nevi (2016)

These results reflect the performance of the gene signature in a diverse array of samples encountered in routine clinical practice. Cancer 2017;123:617-628. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Design of an Antibiotic Delivery System Based on a Bioresorbable Bone Substitute (2007)

Abstract In the current study a new composite material comprising calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, and tripalmitin was developed as a bioresorbable drug carrier for the local antibiotic therapy. Device fabrication can be simply performed by compression moulding of the components. The evaluated bone substitute material based on a calcium sulphate/calcium carbonate composite exhibits an excellent biocompatibility and a therapeutically useful release profile. It, therefore, represents a promising new antibiotic delivery system for the efficient prevention and treatment of bone infections.
Specific Antibodies to Theophylline for Use in a Homogeneous: Enzyme Immunoassay (1980)

Bovine serum albumin conjugate of 1-methyl-3-(3'-carboxypropyl)xanthine elicits highly specific anti-theophylline antibodies when injected into sheep. When used in a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for theophylline these antibodies show insignificant cross-reactivity (less than 1%) to 1-methyl- and 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 3-methylxanthine, caffeine, and theobromine. In contrast, immunogens prepared from the C-8 functionalized drug afford antibodies which show more serious cross-reactivity to these compounds. Plausible rationale for attachment of the drug to carrier proteins through its N-3 position which furnished specific antibodies are given.
Porous Hollow Fiber Membrane-Based Continuous Technique of Polymer Coating on Submicron and Nanoparticles via Antisolvent Crystallization (2015)

This paper introduces a facile antisolvent crystallization technique to continuously coat submicron and nanosized particles with a thin polymer layer using a porous hollow fiber membrane device. Submicron (550 nm) and nanosized (12 nm) silica particles were the host particles; Eudragit RL 100 and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) were the coating polymers. A suspension of the particles in an acetone solution of the polymer was continuously pumped through the shell-side of a hollow fiber membrane module. The antisolvent (water) flowing in the hollow fiber lumen was forced through the membrane pores into the shell-side liquid, generating intense mixing with the flowing suspension and rapid precipitation of the polymer, coating the particles. Coated silica particles collected in a vacuum filtration device were analyzed after vacuum drying using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, laser diffraction spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. These results indicate that a thin polymer coating of the submicron particles and nanoparticles of silica can be developed by this novel antisolvent crystallization technique using two widely different polymers. This continuous method is amenable to convenient scale-up.
Specific Gene bciD for C7-Methyl Oxidation in Bacteriochlorophyll e Biosynthesis of Brown-Colored Green Sulfur Bacteria (2013)

The gene named bciD, which encodes the enzyme involved in C7-formylation in bacteriochlorophyll e biosynthesis, was found and investigated by insertional inactivation in the brown-colored green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum limnaeum (previously called Chlorobium phaeobacteroides). The bciD mutant cells were green in color, and accumulated bacteriochlorophyll c homologs bearing the 7-methyl group, compared to C7-formylated BChl e homologs in the wild type. BChl-c homolog compositions in the mutant were further different from those in Chlorobaculum tepidum which originally produced BChl c: (3(1) S)-8-isobutyl-12-ethyl-BChl c was unusually predominant.
Laser pyrolysis: a versatile method to produce nanopowder (2008)

International audience
Facile synthesis of a sulfonated carbon−silica-meso composite and mesoporous silica (2011)

In this study we report a novel and simple method for preparing a sulfonated carbon-silica-meso composite showing high acidity and porosity useful for transformation of bulky molecules, where glucose was used as a carbon source as well as a non-surfactant templating precursor and the resultant composite upon calcination yielded the mesoporous silica.
Identification of (3<i>R</i>)-7-Hydroxy-<i>N</i>-((1<i>S</i>)-1-{[(3<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)- 3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 3-isoquinolinecarboxamide as a Novel Potent and Selective Opioid κ Receptor Antagonist (2003)

(3R)-7-Hydroxy-N-((1S)-1-[[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-2-methylpropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (JDTic) was identified as a potent and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on JDTic analogues revealed that the 3R,4R stereochemistry of the 3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine core structure, the 3R attachment of the 7-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, and the 1S configuration of the 2-methylpropyl (isopropyl) group were all important to its kappa potency and selectivity. The results suggest that, like other kappa opioid antagonists such as nor-BNI and GNTI, JDTic requires a second basic amino group to express potent and selective kappa antagonist activity in the [(35)S]GTPgammaS functional assay. However, unlike previously reported kappa antagonists, JDTic also requires a second phenol group in rigid proximity to this second basic amino group. The potent and selective kappa antagonist properties of JDTic can be rationalized using the "message-address" concept wherein the (3R,4R)-3,4-dimethyl-4-(hydroxyphenyl)piperidinyl group represents the message, and the basic amino and phenol group in the N substituent constitutes the address. It is interesting to note the structural commonality (an amino and phenol groups) in both the message and address components of JDTic. The unique structural features of JDTic will make this compound highly useful in further characterization of the kappa receptor.
Field improvement of fine magnetic pole pitch fabrication on printed circuit board using a dual layer structure (2005)

Fine magnetic pole pitch of less than 1 mm fabricated on printed circuit board with different magnetic poles on single and dual layer structures were analyzed. The central consecutive magnetic poles of magnetic flux density distributions were measured using a Hall probe. The measured values were found in agreement with the calculated values.
Single shot dual wavelength full field imaging in low coherence digital holographic microscopy (2012)

In off-axis digital holographic microscopy, short coherence length of the source results in an unwanted reduced field of view. A diffractive optical element (DOE) which combines two high efficiency transmission volume phase gratings holographically recorded into a thin photopolymer, is proposed to manipulate the coherence plane tilt of beam containing a plurality of wavelengths simultaneously. The DOE extends the interference pattern between object and reference beams in digital holographic microscope (DHM) over the whole physical beam overlap area. We experimentally demonstrate full field imaging in a commercial, two colors (685 nm and 794 nm) reflection digital holographic microscope (DHM). The synthetic wavelength created by the two colors extends the unambiguous depth range of the DHM from 0.39μm to 2.49μm .
The role of platelet cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways in tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (1987)

Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells induce the aggregation of rat platelets and concomitant production of eicosanoid metabolites (e.g., 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, thromboxane A2). Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, but not lipoxygenase inhibitors, were able to inhibit platelet aggregation induced in vitro by low concentrations of agonists. At high agonist concentrations, neither cyclooxygenase nor lipoxygenase inhibitors affected platelet aggregation; however the combination of both inhibitors resulted in inhibition of aggregation. Also, a low concentration of agonist induced minimal eicosanoid metabolism, whereas a high concentration resulted in increased eicosanoid metabolism. These inhibitors, at the doses tested, did not inhibit protein kinase C activity.
Effects of prism beam expander and slits on excimer laser linewidth narrowing module (2013)

Theoretical simulation and experiments based on a prism beam expander and an echelle grating are conducted to study the dependence of linewidth and pulse energy on incidence angle and slit width. With a larger prism incident angle or narrower slit width, the linewidth becomes narrower while the laser pulse energy becomes lower. However, the pulse energy can be improved by optimally designing the prism beam expander. In addition, a subpicometer linewidth ArF laser is obtained with a double-prism beam expander and an echelle grating.