gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis: a meta-analytic review (2006)

The prevalence of osteoporosis in HIV-infected individuals is more than three times greater compared with HIV-uninfected controls. ART-exposed and PI-exposed individuals had a higher prevalence of reduced BMD and osteoporosis compared with their respective controls. The influence of other disease and treatment variables on these estimates could not be determined.
Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody 3G5 and Utilization of This Antibody to Immobilize Pancreatic Islet Cell Gangliosides in a Solid Phase Radioassay (1984)

Monoclonal antibody 3G5, which was initially produced by immunization of mice with fetal rat brain, reacts specifically by indirect immunofluorescence with all cells of the pancreatic islets of human, rat, mouse, and bovine pancreas. This antibody reacts with the cell surface of isolated islet cells as well as the rat (RIN5F) insulinoma cell line. Antibody 3G5 reacts with islets, thyroid follicular cells, pituitary, and the adrenal medulla of a pattern similar to but distinct from those of antibody A2B5 and tetanus toxin, both of which react with complex gangliosides (sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids). The antigen with which antibody 3G5 reacts also has the properties of ganglioside (neuraminidase sensitive, extracted into chloroform-methanol, partitioned into a methanol-water phase, soluble in water, and nondialyzable). Antibody 3G5, adsorbed to polyvinyl plates, can immobilize islet ganglioside micelles to which 125I-labeled 3G5, A2B5, and tetanus toxin all bind. The ability to immobilize micelles containing several complex gangliosides has led to a solid phase radioassay to detect antiganglioside antibodies. Monoclonal antibody 3G5 joins antibody A2B5 and tetanus toxin as markers for distinct complex gangliosides found on pancreatic islets and neurons.
Transcription analysis of the dnaA gene and oriC region of the chromosome of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, and its regulation by the DnaA protein (2003)

The regions flanking the Mycobacterium dnaA gene have extensive sequence conservation, and comprise various DnaA boxes. Comparative analysis of the dnaA promoter and oriC region from several mycobacterial species revealed that the localization, spacing and orientation of the DnaA boxes are conserved. Detailed transcriptional analysis in M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG shows that the dnaN gene of both species and the dnaA gene of M. bovis BCG are transcribed from two promoters, whereas the dnaA gene of M. smegmatis is transcribed from a single promoter. RT-PCR with total RNA showed that dnaA and dnaN were expressed in both species at all growth stages. Analysis of the promoter activity using dnaA-gfp fusion plasmids and DnaA expression plasmids indicates that the dnaA gene is autoregulated, although the degree of transcriptional autorepression was moderate. Transcription was also detected in the vicinity of oriC of M. bovis BCG, but not of M. smegmatis. These results suggest that a more complex transcriptional mechanism may be involved in the slow-growing mycobacteria, which regulates the expression of dnaA and initiation of chromosomal DNA replication.
Y402H complement factor H polymorphism associated with exudative age-related macular degeneration in the French population. (2005)

These results suggest the contribution of the Y402H polymorphism of the CFH gene to exudative AMD susceptibility also in the French population. This relationship with the CFH may lead to early detection and new strategies for prevention and treatment of AMD.
Integrated fiber-optic detector based on dip-coated colloidal quantum dots (2017)

In long haul telecommunications optical fibers are perfect waveguides for light. However, the monitoring of the transmitted optical power generally demands the conversion from optical pulses into electrical signals, which relies on discrete photodetectors made by silicon or III-V materials. Here, we report an integrated fiber-optic detector by dip coating PbS colloidal quantum dots onto a pretreated specialty optical fiber. We characterized the readout currents at 1550nm as a function of the optical power, the bias voltage and the distance between the contact electrodes. Ways of improving the responsivity and the potential applications in in-line multi-wavelength optical power measurement are discussed as well.
Atom Probe Analysis And Field Emission Studies Of Silicon (2005)

Single ungridded silicon tips have been studied by field emission current–voltage characterization, field emission imaging, field ion imaging, and pulsed laser atom probe (PLAP) analysis. Changes in field emission characteristics were observed as a thin contaminant layer (oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and carbon monoxide) formed on the surface of clean field evaporated silicon tips. Removal of the contaminant layer by pulsed laser‐assisted field desorption restored the original field emission characteristics. Clean silicon tips that were oxidized in air began to emit at half the voltage required for unoxidized tips. As the voltage was increased, a sudden irreversible increase in field emission current was observed. PLAP analysis and field emission imaging showed that this effect was caused by the disruption of the oxide layer shortly after the onset of field emission. After the oxide disruption, field emission occurred from regions of sharp local geometry around the circumference of the tip. Removal of these regions by field evaporation or PLAP produced field emission characteristics very similar to those obtained from clean silicon tips. This explains a long‐standing problem in understanding the ‘‘switch‐on’’ behavior of silicon emitters.
Hyperfine Structure Study of Several Lines of<sup>207</sup>Pb I (2005)

The hfs splitting of four lines from the array 6p7s → 6p2 as well as two lines from the array 6p8s → 6p2 of Pb I have been analyzed. A discharge tube containing metallic isotope 207Pb was used as a light source. Our experiment yields hyperfine splitting constants A for some levels of the configurations 6p2 and 6p7s: A(6p2 1D2) = (20.99 ± 0.43) mK, A(6p2 3P2) = (91.37 ± 0.34) mK, A(6p7s 3P1) = (294.16 ± 0.93) mK, A(6p7s 1P1) = (16.45 ± 0.95) mK and A = (202.04 ± 0.48) mK for the level 6p8s 3P1. Our results are compared with recent theory and other experiments.
A small ripple regulated charge pump with automatic pumping control schemes (2004)

Two schemes for a charge pump are presented, to reduce output ripple voltage, with high load current drivability. The first is an automatic pumping current control scheme which automatically adjusts the size of the pumping driver to reduce the ripple voltage. The second is an automatic pumping frequency control scheme, which changes the pumping period by controlling a VCO. The prototype chip provides 30-mA load current and delivers a regulated 4.5-V output with a flying capacitor of 330-nF and a clock frequency which automatically varies from 400-kHz to 600-kHz at a 3.3-V supply. The area is 0.25 mm/sup 2/ in a 3.3-V 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, and measured output ripple voltage is less than 33.8-mV with 2-/spl mu/F load capacitor. Power efficiency is higher than 70%.
High-speed SiGe HBT track-and-hold (2004)

A wideband track-and-hold (T/H) circuit is developed based on the IBM 7HP SiGe technology with f/sub t/ /spl sim/ 120 GHz. A switched-emitter-follower design incorporates features necessary to realize multi-GHz bandwidth and an improved design trade among bandwidth, linearity, and hold-mode feedthrough. Simulations incorporating layout parasitics show the core T/H circuit has a bandwidth of /spl sim/ 4 GHz and an extremely wide sampling aperture bandwidth well beyond 10 GHz. The simulations indicate the T/H has roughly 9-10 - bit performance for linearity and feedthrough level at a signal frequency of 4 GHz. Initial experimental results for the track mode response are also presented. The T/H shows promise for high-speed analog-to-digital conversion and subsampling applications.
An online auction framework for dynamic resource provisioning in cloud computing (2014)

Auction mechanisms have recently attracted substantial attention as an efficient approach to pricing and resource allocation in cloud computing. This work, to the authors' knowledge, represents the first online combinatorial auction designed in the cloud computing paradigm, which is general and expressive enough to both (a) optimize system efficiency across the temporal domain instead of at an isolated time point, and (b) model dynamic provisioning of heterogeneous Virtual Machine (VM) types in practice. The final result is an online auction framework that is truthful, computationally efficient, and guarantees a competitive ratio ~ e+ 1 over e-1 ~ 3.30 in social welfare in typical scenarios. The framework consists of three main steps: (1) a tailored primal-dual algorithm that decomposes the long-term optimization into a series of independent one-shot optimization problems, with an additive loss of 1 over e-1 in competitive ratio, (2) a randomized auction sub-framework that applies primal-dual optimization for translating a centralized co-operative social welfare approximation algorithm into an auction mechanism, retaining a similar approximation ratio while adding truthfulness, and (3) a primal-dual update plus dual fitting algorithm for approximating the one-shot optimization with a ratio λ close to e. The efficacy of the online auction framework is validated through theoretical analysis and trace-driven simulation studies. We are also in the hope that the framework, as well as its three independent modules, can be instructive in auction design for other related problems.
Dual excitation multiphase electrostatic drive (2002)

A novel electrostatic drive technology, named the dual excitation multiphase electrostatic drive (DEMED) is presented. A basic DEMED consists of two plastic films in which three-phase parallel electrodes are embedded and is driven by three-phase AC excitation to the electrodes. Static characteristics of DEMED are calculated and tested and the results agree very well. Three prototype motors of DEMED are fabricated using commercially available techniques. The first prototype consists of a single slider and stator and generates a linear motion with a slider motion range of about 5 mm. It weighs 7 g and generates a power of 1.6 W and a thrust force of 4.4 N. The second prototype consists of a 50 layer stack of linear motors, summing their outputs. It weighs 3.6 kg and generates a propulsive force of 310 N being powered with boosted commercial three-phase electricity. The third prototype consists of a rotor and a stator in which electrodes are arranged radially and generate rotational motion. A maximum power of 3.6 mW was generated by the prototype weighing only 260 mg for its rotor and stator. From the results of the numerical calculation, a practical design methodology for the motor is determined. An optimal design for a motor employing currently available material and fabrication techniques is provided as an example. Analyses predict that force generation over the interfacial area between the slider and stator of this motor would be 3900 N/m/sup 2/.
Germplasm Determination of in Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis in Alfalfa (1988)

Abstract More than 1000 higher plant species have been reported to regenerate in vitro via either somatic embryo formation or shoot formation (1, 9, 11, 12, 16, 27, 40, 42, 45, 46). Although many reports of plant regeneration are not accompanied by the necessary developmental or histological evidence for verification, it is apparent that most successes follow an organogenic rather than an embryogenic route. However, regardless of which developmental pathway is followed or the complexity of the protocol that is used ultimately to recover a complete plant, much of the work on in vitro regeneration can be described as empirical in nature.
A Mobile Device as User Interface for Wearable Applications. (2005)

In this paper, we describe the Tampere University of Technology’s involvement in the research of machine washable and wirelessly rechargeable wearable technology and using mobile devices as input and output interface and as means of data transfer and processing for wearable applications.
Protecting digital content within the home (2001)

Home users are increasingly using compact discs, DVD, digital cable, direct broadcast satellites and the Internet to digitally access, store and display music, movies and other entertainment content. Traditionally an intellectual-property gray area, home use presents digital content protection challenges that a combination of technology and licensing hopes to overcome.
A comparison of trusted X security policies, architectures, and interoperability (2003)

During the past several years, interest in architectures for multilevel secure versions of the X Window System (X) has grown dramatically, primarily in the compartmented mode workstation (CMW) community. The architectures and security policies implemented in existing CMWs are similar to each other, although they differ in certain key details. Alternatives to the current approaches are being investigated. Most notably, a TRW-led team of researchers has designed and prototyped a trusted X implementation aimed at the trusted computer systems evaluation criteria (TCSEC) B3 level. The architecture and security policies adopted by this implementation differ radically from those of all the existing CMWs. The architectures and security policies implemented in existing CMWs and the TRW prototype are surveyed, areas of commonality and divergence are identified, and areas where interoperability can be achieved are noted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A microstitching interferometer for evaluating the surface profile of precisely figured x-ray K-B mirrors (2007)

Fabrication and evaluation of elliptical X-ray mirrors, such as Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirrors produced by the profile-coating technique, requires accurate surface figure measurements over a wide range of spatial frequencies. Microstitching interferometry has proven to fulfill this requirement for length scales from a few μm up to the full mirror length. At the Advanced Photon Source, a state-of-the-art microroughness microscope interferometer that incorporates advanced microstitching capability has been used to obtain measurements of profile-coated elliptical K-B mirrors. The stitched surface height data provide previously unattainable resolution and reproducibility, which has facilitated the fabrication of ultrasmooth (< 1 nm rms residual height) profile-coated mirrors, whose hard X-ray focusing performance is expected to approach the diffraction limit. This paper describes the system capabilities and limitations. Results of measurements obtained with it will be discussed and compared with those obtained with the Long Trace Profiler.
Co-treatment with vactosertib, a novel, orally bioavailable activin receptor-like kinase 5 inhibitor, suppresses radiotherapy-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer cell stemness, and lung metastasis of breast cancer (2022)

These results indicate that inhibition of TGF-β signaling with vactosertib in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy would be an attractive strategy for the prevention of cancer metastasis and recurrence.
Hedging your bets : the importance of flowering time and agronomic practise in the search for the ideal Australian hemp seed cultivar (2020)

This work investigated the effects of photoperiod and hedging on the different agronomic traits of Chinese hemp cultivars in Australia. Photoperiod was identified as the key limiting factor affecting biomass and seed yield during short-day planting regimes. Results demonstrated that hedging increased branching, but did not affect seed yield or plant biomass; while differences observed in the fatty acid profiles were genotype-specific. This project highlighted the importance of selecting suitable genotypes and sowing times for successful hemp seed production. Additionally, a putative flowering time orthologue was identified as a step in identifying genetic diversity for future breeding efforts.
Compact efficient all-solid-state eye-safe laser with self-frequency Raman conversion in a Nd:YVO_4 crystal (2004)

An efficient compact eye-safe laser at 1525 nm is presented by use of self-frequency Raman conversion in a diode-pumped actively Q-switched Nd:YVO4 1342-nm laser. At an incident pump power of 13.5 W, the self-stimulated Raman laser produces 1.2 W of 1525-nm average output power at a repetition rate of 20 kHz. The corresponding peak power at 1525 nm is generally greater than 10 kW for repetition rates from 5 to 20 kHz.
Terrain Classification and Negotiation with a Walking Robot (2014)

This paper describes a walking robot controller for negotiation of terrains with different traction characteristics. The feedback is based on three perception systems. The purpose of the presented research is to enhance the autonomy of the walking robot. The information about the class of the terrain allows the robot to work in the real world scenarios more efficiently. In the presented work twelve types of the ground were tested. Suitability of each type of the perception system for characterizing the terrain class was checked. Namely, vision, depth and tactile sensors were used. In each case as a classifier the Support Vector Machines were utilized. The separate classification results from each sensor were combined to obtain better precision and recall in the ground classification process. The information about the terrain type was fed into robot controller to adapt the robot gait parameters. The goal was to achieve good balance between the speed of the movement and the vibration caused by the bounciness and the irregularities of the terrain. The paper begins with the description of the experimental setup. Next, the classification results for each sensor used are presented. Then, the rules of combining classifiers were tested. Finally, the robot gait controller was proposed and evaluated.
Impurities of crude glycerol and their effect on metabolite production (2013)

Glycerol is a valuable raw material for the production of industrially useful metabolites. Among many promising applications for the use of glycerol is its bioconversion to high value-added compounds, such as 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), succinate, ethanol, propionate, and hydrogen, through microbial fermentation. Another method of waste material utilization is the application of crude glycerol in blends with other wastes (e.g., tomato waste hydrolysate). However, crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, has many impurities which can limit the yield of metabolites. In this mini-review we summarize the effects of crude glycerol impurities on various microbial fermentations and give an overview of the metabolites that can be synthesized by a number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms when cultivated on glycerol.
Can Breathing Pattern Assessment Predict the Need of Ventilatory Support in Treated Infants with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1? (2022)

"Can Breathing Pattern Assessment Predict the Need of Ventilatory Support in Treated Infants with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 206(1), pp. 118–120
Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia: A Theoretical Update in Tinnitus (2015)

Tinnitus is the perception of a sound in the absence of a corresponding external sound source. Pathophysiologically it has been attributed to bottom-up deafferentation and/or top-down noise-cancelling deficit. Both mechanisms are proposed to alter auditory -thalamocortical signal transmission, resulting in thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD). In deafferentation, TCD is characterized by a slowing down of resting state alpha to theta activity associated with an increase in surrounding gamma activity, resulting in persisting cross-frequency coupling between theta and gamma activity. Theta burst-firing increases network synchrony and recruitment, a mechanism, which might enable long-range synchrony, which in turn could represent a means for finding the missing thalamocortical information and for gaining access to consciousness. Theta oscillations could function as a carrier wave to integrate the tinnitus-related focal auditory gamma activity in a consciousness enabling network, as envisioned by the global workspace model. This model suggests that focal activity in the brain does not reach consciousness, except if the focal activity becomes functionally coupled to a consciousness enabling network, aka the global workspace. In limited deafferentation, the missing information can be retrieved from the auditory cortical neighborhood, decreasing surround inhibition, resulting in TCD. When the deafferentation is too wide in bandwidth, it is hypothesized that the missing information is retrieved from theta-mediated parahippocampal auditory memory. This suggests that based on the amount of deafferentation TCD might change to parahippocampocortical persisting and thus pathological theta-gamma rhythm. From a Bayesian point of view, in which the brain is conceived as a prediction machine that updates its memory-based predictions through sensory updating, tinnitus is the result of a prediction error between the predicted and sensed auditory input. The decrease in sensory updating is reflected by decreased alpha activity and the prediction error results in theta-gamma and beta-gamma coupling. Thus, TCD can be considered as an adaptive mechanism to retrieve missing auditory input in tinnitus.
Some aspects of the effect of micaceous sand on concrete (1971)

Mica is generally known to be a deleterious substance in aggregates used for the manufacture of concrete. In regions where micaceous aggregates are the only materials available they have nevertheless been used extensively for this purpose. There is thus a discrepancy between the engineer's distrust of a material regarded as deleterious and an impressive record of successful use of this material. An investigation was carried out by the National Building Research Institute to determine the effect of mica contained in the fine aggregate upon the workability, compressive strength and drying shrinkage of concrete made with such an aggregate. It was found that the effects depend much more on the nature of the micaceous particles than on their quantity. Mica in the form of biotite caused only small effects, whereas the presence of muscovite profoundly changed the concrete-making properties of a fine aggregate.
Digitally Assisted Analog/RF Predistorter With a Small-Signal-Assisted Parameter <newline/>Identification Algorithm (2015)

This paper proposes a digitally assisted analog/radio frequency predistorter (ARFPD) and a linear small-signal-assisted parameter identification algorithm suitable for the linearization of power amplifiers driven with wideband and carrier aggregated communication signals. It starts by describing the newly proposed finite-impulse-response assisted envelope memory polynomial (FIR-EMP) model which allows for reduction of hardware implementation complexity while maintaining good linearization capacity and low power overhead. Furthermore, a linear two-step small-signal-assisted parameter identification algorithm is devised to estimate the parameters of the two main blocks of the FIR-EMP model. Measurement results obtained by using the FIR-EMP predistorter demonstrate its excellent linearization capacity when used to compensate for distortion exhibited by gallium nitride Doherty power amplifiers driven by digitally modulated signals with a bandwidth up to 80 MHz. This confirms the potential of ARFPD as a very promising candidate for the linearization of small cell base stations power amplifiers while simultaneously reducing the power overhead compared to the popular digital predistortion technique.