gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulations of ion trapping in a micrometer-sized cylindrical ion trap (2006)

We have performed detailed SIMION simulations of ion behavior in micrometer-sized cylindrical ion traps (r0 = 1 microm). Simulations examined the effects of ion and neutral temperature, the pressure and nature of cooling gas, ion mass, trap voltage and frequency, space-charge, fabrication defects, and other parameters on the ability of micrometer-sized traps to store ions. At this size scale voltage and power limitations constrain trap operation to frequencies about 1 GHz and rf amplitudes of tens of volts. Correspondingly, the pseudopotential well depth of traps is shallow, and thermal energies contribute significantly to ion losses. Trapping efficiency falls off gradually as qz approaches 0.908, possibly complicating mass-selective trapping, ejection, or quantitation. Coulombic repulsion caused by multiple ions in a small-volume results in a trapping limit of a single ion per trap. If multiple ions are produced in a trap, all but one ion are ejected within a few microseconds. The remaining ion tends to have favorable trapping parameters and a lifetime about hundreds of microseconds; however, this lifetime is significantly shorter than it would have been in the absence of space-charge. Typical microfabrication defects affect ion trapping only minimally. We recently reported (IJMS 2004, 236, 91-104) on the construction of a massively parallel array of ion traps with dimensions of r0 = 1 microm. The relationship of the simulations to the expected performance of the microfabricated array is discussed.
Development of stable, narrow spectral line-width, fiber delivered laser source for spin exchange optical pumping (2015)

We developed a stable, narrow spectral line-width, fiber delivered laser source for spin exchange optical pumping. An optimized external cavity equipped with an off-the-shelf volume holographic grating narrowed the spectral line-width of a 100 W high-power diode laser and stabilized the laser spectrum. The laser spectrum showed a high side mode suppression ratio of >30 dB and good long-term stability (center wavelength drifting within ±0.002 nm during 220 h of operation). Our laser is delivered by a multimode fiber with power ~70 W, center wavelength of 794.77 nm, and spectral bandwidth of ~0.12 nm.
Fine-Grained Image Classification by Exploring Bipartite-Graph Labels (2016)

Given a food image, can a fine-grained object recognition engine tell "which restaurant which dish" the food belongs to? Such ultra-fine grained image recognition is the key for many applications like search by images, but it is very challenging because it needs to discern subtle difference between classes while dealing with the scarcity of training data. Fortunately, the ultra-fine granularity naturally brings rich relationships among object classes. This paper proposes a novel approach to exploit the rich relationships through bipartite-graph labels (BGL). We show how to model BGL in an overall convolutional neural networks and the resulting system can be optimized through back-propagation. We also show that it is computationally efficient in inference thanks to the bipartite structure. To facilitate the study, we construct a new food benchmark dataset, which consists of 37,885 food images collected from 6 restaurants and totally 975 menus. Experimental results on this new food and three other datasets demonstrate BGL advances previous works in fine-grained object recognition. An online demo is available at http: //www.f-zhou.com/fg_demo/.
Roadmap on 3D integral imaging: sensing, processing, and display (2020)

This Roadmap article on three-dimensional integral imaging provides an overview of some of the research activities in the field of integral imaging. The article discusses various aspects of the field including sensing of 3D scenes, processing of captured information, and 3D display and visualization of information. The paper consists of a series of 15 sections from the experts presenting various aspects of the field on sensing, processing, displays, augmented reality, microscopy, object recognition, and other applications. Each section represents the vision of its author to describe the progress, potential, vision, and challenging issues in this field.
Broadcast encryption versus public key cryptography in content protection systems (2009)

Broadcast encryption and public-key cryptography are two competing key management schemes. Both are in use today, although public key is much more pervasive (pervasive in the number of systems, not necessarily in the number of devices). In certain applications, especially the content protection or "Digital Rights Management" application, broadcast encryption seems to offer real advantages. In the last two or three years, advances have been made which offer new functionality to broadcast-encryption systems: a "signature-like" function, a device authentication protocol, "unified media key blocks" enhancing forensics, and "security classes". These new advances are summarized in this paper. The device authentication protocol has not previously been described in the academic literature, although it has been proposed in commercial systems.
The analysis of horizontal current bipolar transistor (HCBT): a novel silicon bipolar device (2002)

A new concept of silicon bipolar transistor technology is proposed. The resulting horizontal current bipolar transistor (HCBT) was simulated assuming the 1 /spl mu/m technology. The surface of the device is at least one order of magnitude smaller than conventional SST devices with the same emitter area. The same doping profile as in known vertical current devices is achieved by simpler technology using single polysilicon layer, without conventional epitaxial and n/sup +/ buried layers and with reduced number of lithography masks and technological steps. The electrical analysis of HCBT results in maximum small signal current gain of 158, and maximum cutoff frequency of 16 GHz at U/sub CE/=3 V.
Development of an accurate portable recording peak-flow meter for the diagnosis of asthma (1993)

This article describes the systematic design of an electronic recording peak expiratory flow (PEF) meter to provide accurate data for the diagnosis of occupational asthma. Traditional diagnosis of asthma relies on accurate data of PEF tests performed by the patients in their own homes and places of work. Unfortunately there are high error rates in data produced and recorded by the patient, most of these are transcription errors and some patients falsify their records. The PEF measurement itself is not effort independent, the data produced depending on the way in which the patient performs the test. Patients are taught how to perform the test giving maximal effort to the expiration being measured. If the measurement is performed incorrectly then errors will occur. Accurate data can be produced if an electronically recording PEF instrument is developed, thus freeing the patient from the task of recording the test data. It should also be capable of determining whether the PEF measurement has been correctly performed. A requirement specification for a recording PEF meter was produced. A commercially available electronic PEF meter was modified to provide the functions required for accurate serial recording of the measurements produced by the patients. This is now being used in three hospitals in the West Midlands for investigations into the diagnosis of occupational asthma. In investigating current methods of measuring PEF and other pulmonary quantities a greater understanding was obtained of the limitations of current methods of measurement, and quantities being measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modeling of Fluid Flow in Complex Fracture Networks for Shale Reservoirs (2023)

This chapter discusses a versatile method called EDFM (embedded discrete fracture model) for simulating fluid flow in complex fracture networks in shale gas reservoirs. The impacts of different natural fracture properties including natural fracture azimuth, number, length, set number, dip angle, and conductivity on fluid flow of multiple shale-gas wells are systematically examined and discussed.
Vertical Array Growth of Small Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

A hot filament chemical vapor deposition method has been developed to grow vertical array single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In this study, a hot filament (temperature greater than 2000 degrees C) was used to activate gas mixtures of hydrogen and carbon containing species at sub-atmospheric pressures. Silicon substrates decorated with islands of iron were directly inserted into a preheated furnace in which a hot filament is activating the gas. Vertical arrays of SWNTs are produced with diameters ranging from 0.78 to 1.6 nm. The samples were characterized with Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM and TEM microscopy.
SEPARATION of CHOLESTEROL FROM BUTTEROIL USING QUILLAJA SAPONINS. 1. EFFECTS of PH, CONTACT TIME and ADSORBENT (1993)

The technical feasibility of separating cholesterol from butteroil by contacting it with aqueous solutions of Quillaja saponaria saponins followed by separation of the cholesterol‐saponin complex was studied. Alternative processes and controls compared were (1) Water Control (W): butteroil was contacted with pure water; (2) Reaction (R): butteroil was contacted with aqueous solution of saponins; (3) Adsorption Control (A): butteroil was contacted with water, diatomaceous earth was then added; (4) Reaction + Adsorption (R+A): diatomaceous earth was added to the Reaction medium (from 2); (5) Reaction + Washing (R+W): the aqueous phase resulting from Reaction (2) was discarded and pure water contacted with the fat. the last step in all the above processes and controls was the separation of the fat phase where cholesterol was determined. Statistical analysis indicated that the Adsorption Control did not yield any significant cholesterol reduction over the Water Control, while all other processes gave significant reduction. the order of cholesterol separation observed was R+A > R+W > R. the levels of cholesterol reduction were significantly affected by pH of quillaja solution and amount of adsorbent used; the time of contact with quillaja solution had no significant effect over the range investigated. These results indicate the technical feasibility of reducing the cholesterol levels of butteroil using food grade quillaja saponins.
Haptics-Enabled UAV Teleoperation Using Motion Capture Systems (2009)

This paper describes a system for direct position and orientation control of remotely piloted aerial vehicles using haptic force feedback. Motion capture hardware is used to provide real-time position and orientation information to the closed-loop flight control algorithm. A 3D simulation environment running in parallel with the vehicle control system provides real-time proximity/collision detection and flight volume constraints. Virtual coupling elements are used to connect a haptic user interface, the simulation environment, and the vehicle controller. An implementation of the system using an electrical radio controlled (RC) helicopter in an indoor environment is presented.
A Generative Adversarial Inpainting Network to Enhance Prediction of Periodontal Clinical Attachment Level (2021)

Abstract Deep learning algorithms has recently been used to determine clinical attachment levels (CAL) which aid in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. However, the limited field-of-view of dental bitewing x-rays poses a challenge for convolutional neural networks (CNN) because out-of-view anatomy cannot be directly considered. This study presents an inpainting algorithm using generative adversarial networks (GANs) coupled with partial convolutions to predict out-of-view anatomy to enhance CAL prediction accuracy. 80,326 images were used for training, 12,901 images were used for validation and 10,687 images were used to compare non-inpainted methods to inpainted methods for CAL predictions. Statistical analyses were conducted using mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Dunn’s pairwise test comparing CAL at p=0.05. Comparator p-values demonstrated statistically significant improvement in CAL prediction accuracy between corresponding inpainted and non-inpainted methods with a MAE of 1.04mm and 1.50mm respectively. The Dunn’s pairwise test indicated a statistically significant improvement in CAL prediction accuracy between both inpainted methods compared to their non-inpainted counterparts, with the best performing methods achieving a Dunn’s pairwise value of -63.89. This study demonstrates the superiority of using a generative adversarial inpainting network with partial convolutions to predict CAL from bitewing images.
PN code acquisition using smart antenna for spread-spectrum wireless communications-Part I (2003)

The smart antenna (a blind adaptive antenna array) has brought much attention to its ability to improve the future code-division multiple-access (CDMA) wireless communications systems. However, Adachi et al. (1998), employed only one out of M elements that are in a smart antenna array during the pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition process due to the difficulty in obtaining the weight coefficients of the smart antenna and PN code acquisition jointly and adaptively. Yet, as the PN code is acquired, all M elements are used by Adachi et al. to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a reverse link. We propose an efficient PN code acquisition scheme where all elements are employed during PN code acquisition. Also, we show that by using all elements, the PN code acquisition time can be shortened by at least 40% for a given signal-to-noise ratio and M=5, compared to the single element case. Furthermore, the power of a random access user signal in the reverse link can be lowered at least 3 dB. The additional computational load and complexity to use the proposed PN code acquisition are insignificant.
Characterization of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitors as a Feasible Source of Stem Cells for Central Nervous System Applications in Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural progenitors (MSC-NPs) are a potential therapeutic source of cells that have been shown to be efficacious in a preclinical model of multiple sclerosis (MS). To examine the feasibility of using MSC-NPs as an autologous source of cells to promote central nervous system (CNS) repair in MS, this study characterized human MSC-NPs from a panel of both MS and non-MS donors. Expanded MSCs showed similar characteristics in terms of growth and cell surface phenotype, regardless of the donor disease status. MSC-NPs derived from all MSCs showed a consistent pattern of gene expression changes that correlated with neural commitment and increased homogeneity. Furthermore, the reduced expression of mesodermal markers and reduced capacity for adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation in MSC-NPs compared with MSCs suggested that MSC-NPs have reduced potential of unwanted mesodermal differentiation upon CNS transplantation. The immunoregulatory function of MSC-NPs was similar to that of MSCs in their ability to suppress T-cell proliferation and to promote expansion of FoxP3-positive T regulatory cells in vitro. In addition, MSC-NPs promoted oligodendroglial differentiation from brain-derived neural stem cells that correlated with the secretion of bioactive factors. Our results provide a set of identity characteristics for autologous MSC-NPs and suggest that the in vitro immunoregulatory and trophic properties of these cells may have therapeutic value in the treatment of MS.
Abstract 1697: Therapeutic targeting the NOTCH3 receptor with antibody drug conjugates (2015)

Abstract Activation and mutation of the NOTCH signaling pathway is oncogenic in many tissue types and the target of multiple anti-cancer therapies currently in clinical development. Initial therapeutic strategies designed to target the NOTCH pathway have focused on inhibition of aberrant signaling, but can have undesirable side-effects or insufficient anti-tumor activity. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging therapeutic modality that equips antibodies with potent cytotoxic payloads that can be directly delivered to tumor cells. We have developed and compared anti-NOTCH3 ADCs using two different classes of therapeutic anti-NOTCH3 antibodies that target the juxtamembrane Negative Regulatory Region (NRR). The first class is unable to stabilize the NOTCH3-NRR in an auto-inhibitory conformation in the presence of ligand and does not block ADAM protease cleavage of the receptor. The second class contains an antibody that exhibits potent signaling inhibition by stabilizing the NRR in an inactive state. Despite antagonizing NOTCH3 signaling, the inhibitory anti-NOTCH3 antibody was unable to regress preclinical tumor xenografts with active NOTCH3 signaling. To enhance their potency, both classes of anti-NOTCH3 antibodies were conjugated to an auristatin-based microtubule inhibitor through a cleavable linker. Unexpectedly, the inhibitory anti-NOTCH3 antibody demonstrated more rapid trafficking to the lysosome than the non-inhibitory antibody suggesting that the two antibodies have distinct internalization routes with important implications for NOTCH3-ADC pharmacology. Pharmacodynamic biomarker analysis demonstrated anti-NOTCH3 ADCs disrupted the mitotic spindle apparatus, induced cell cycle arrest and triggered apoptosis. Anti-NOTCH3 ADCs exhibited robust anti-tumor activity and induce prolonged tumor regressions in preclinical models of breast, lung and ovarian cancer regardless of their ability to block signaling. Furthermore, anti-NOTCH3 ADC treatment was able to regress OVCAR3 ovarian tumor xenografts that were refractory to a platinum-based agent or relapsed anti-VEGF therapy. Our studies demonstrate that anti-NOTCH3 ADCs had enhanced efficacy compared to other NOTCH signaling inhibitors and also allowed targeting of tumors that over-expressed NOTCH3 but were not necessarily addicted to its signaling. The safety and efficacy of the non-inhibitory anti-NOTCH3 ADC, PF-06650808, is currently being examined in a Ph1 clinical trial (Protocol B7501001). Citation Format: Kenneth G. Geles, Yijie Gao, Latha Sridharan, Andreas Giannakou, Ting-Ting Yamin, Jonathan Golas, Judy Lucas, Manoj Charati, Xiantang Li, Magali Guffroy, Tim Nichols, Kai Wang, Max Follettie, Andreas Maderna, Lioudmila Tchistiakova, Hans-Peter Gerber, Puja Sapra. Therapeutic targeting the NOTCH3 receptor with antibody drug conjugates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1697. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1697
A Convenient and Efficient Method for Incorporation of Pentafluorosulfanyl (SF<sub>5</sub>) Substituents into Aliphatic Compounds. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation Behavior of Sputter Deposited Nanocrystalline and Conventional Plasma Sprayed MCrAl(Y) Coatings (2010)

The MCrAl-type coatings with, or without, yttrium are widely used for oxidation and/or hot corrosion protection of hot section components of gas turbine engines. Recently, there has been great interest in developing nano or microcrystalline coatings since these coatings offer excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance compared to the conventional coatings. Cyclic oxidation and microstructral degradadation behavior of sputter deposited nanocrystalline Ni-20Cr-10Al coating has been investigated at 1010°C. The coating was deposited on Haynes 230 samples using a magnetron sputtering technique. This technique produced a coating with a grain size of ∼9 nm. The cyclic oxidation results showed that the sputter deposited Ni-20Cr-10Al coating exhibited better oxidation resistance in terms of weight loss kinetics compared to the conventional plasma-sprayed NiCoCrAlY and PWA 286 coatings. The Al content in the nanocrystalline coating was consumed in a relatively short time due to inward and outward diffusion of Al. The accelerated consumption of Al was presumably due to enhanced grain boundary diffusion resulting from the ultra-fine grain structure in the coating. Variation of oxide-scale spallation resistance during thermal cycling, internal oxidation of the coatings, and the rate of Al consumption due to inward and outward diffusion of Al between the nanocrystalline and plasma sprayed coatings is presented.
THE EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON THE SULFATE RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE. INTERIM REPORT (1989)

The durability of concrete is determined by its ability to endure the physical and environmental surroundings without losing the functional properties and structural integrity of the original design. Concrete containing fly ash can be proportioned to meet the durability requirements of a wide range of applications, such as concrete for mass structures, pavements, structural members, and high strength applications. One area where the long term performance of concrete containing fly ash is not clearly understood is in sulfate environments. The sulfate attack mechanism in concrete containing fly ash has been related in recent years to the mineralogical and chemical composition of the cementitious and pozzolanic material. This study investigated the interrelationship between the physical, mineralogical and chemical characteristics of portland cement, fly ash, and their proportions, and the sulfate resistance of concrete containing fly ash. Eighteen fly ashes and five portland cements have been studied at four levels of volumetric replacement of fly ash for portland cement. Other variables studied were workability, air content, curing conditions, and permeability. The fly ashes were characterized by performing chemical, physical and mineralogical analyses. Over 700 specimens were submerged in a 10% sodium sulfate solution. The specimens were measured for expansion, mass change, and cracking. The study has revealed a strong correlation between the glassy composition of fly ash and the sulfate resistance of concrete.
Collaborative Robot Assistant for the Ergonomic Manipulation of Cumbersome Objects (2019)

Collaborative robotics refers to the cooperation between humans and machines and aims at improving productivity and at facilitating the worker in demanding tasks. The advantage of collaboration is to combine the superior cognitive and motor skills of the operator with the physical capabilities of the robots. This work presents a control strategy for the robotic manipulator to minimise the muscular fatigue of the human operator during the manipulation of bulky objects. The robot moves the workpiece so that the human is always operating close to his/her most natural and ergonomic posture. This way the risk of developing postures and movements inducing musculoskeletal disorders is minimised. A substantial reduction of the amplitude of the operator movements, without degrading the precision in fulfilling the task, has been registered in the experimental campaign.