gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Photonic Integrated Circuits (2007)

We review our work in the area of large scale InP photonic integrated circuits (PIC). We will review dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) transmitter and receiver PICs with up to 40 channels, and operating at data rates up to 40 Gbit/s.
Three‐dimensional characterization of non‐gaussian water diffusion in humans using diffusion kurtosis imaging (2006)

Conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures water diffusion parameters based on the assumption that the spin displacement distribution is a Gaussian function. However, water movement in biological tissue is often non-Gaussian and this non-Gaussian behavior may contain useful information related to tissue structure and pathophysiology. Here we propose an approach to directly measure the non-Gaussian property of water diffusion, characterized by a four-dimensional matrix referred to as the diffusion kurtosis tensor. This approach does not require the complete measurement of the displacement distribution function and, therefore, is more time efficient compared with the q-space imaging technique. A theoretical framework of the DK calculation is established, and experimental results are presented for humans obtained within a clinically feasible time of about 10 min. The resulting kurtosis maps are shown to be robust and reproducible. Directionally-averaged apparent kurtosis coefficients (AKC, a unitless parameter) are 0.74 +/- 0.03, 1.09 +/- 0.01 and 0.84 +/- 0.02 for gray matter, white matter and thalamus, respectively. The three-dimensional kurtosis angular plots show tissue-specific geometry for different brain regions and demonstrate the potential of identifying multiple fiber structures in a single voxel. Diffusion kurtosis imaging is a useful method to study non-Gaussian diffusion behavior and can provide complementary information to that of DTI.
Method of tagging excipients with /sup 99m/Tc (1977)

A method of using /sup 99m/technetium for tagging excipients in medical diagnosis by scintigraphy comprises mixing, in an aqueous solution of alkali-metal pertechnetate, an excipient and a reducing agent in the form of a complex, which complex is such that the association constant of the anion with reduced techetium is less than the association constant of the excipient with reduced technetium, thereby forming a radio-pharmaceutical substance which is a complex between the excipient and /sup 99m/technetium.
Enabling stereoscopic 3D technology (2007)

An achromatic linear polarization switch (ALPS<sup>TM</sup>)is discussed that enables stereoscopic 3D projection systems using conventional linear polarizing eyewear. The ALPS resides at the output of the projection lens and functions as a switchable polarizer. Features include rapid switching, high contrast, and a color-balanced on-state. The ALPS forms a flexible platform for switching between any set of orthogonal polarizations or filter states.
Modified Peptides as Potent Inhibitors of the Postsynaptic Density-95/<i>N</i>-Methyl-<scp>d</scp>-Aspartate Receptor Interaction (2008)

The protein-protein interaction between the NMDA receptor and its intracellular scaffolding protein, PSD-95, is a potential target for treatment of ischemic brain diseases. An undecapeptide corresponding to the C-terminal of the NMDA was used as a template for finding lead candidates for the inhibition of the PSD-95/NMDA receptor interaction. Initially, truncation and alanine scan studies were carried out, which resulted in a pentapeptide with wild-type affinity, as examined in a fluorescence polarization assay. Further examination was performed by systematic substitutions with natural and unnatural amino acids, which disclosed a tripeptide with micromolar affinity and N-methylated tetrapeptides with improved affinities. Molecular modeling studies guided further N-terminal modifications and introduction of a range of N-terminal substitutions dramatically improved affinity. The best compound, N-cyclohexylethyl-ETAV (56), demonstrated up to 19-fold lower K i value ( K i = 0.94 and 0.45 microM against PDZ1 and PDZ2 of PSD-95, respectively) compared to wild-type values, providing the most potent inhibitors of this interaction reported so far. These novel and potent inhibitors provide an important basis for development of small molecule inhibitors of the PSD-95/NMDA receptor interaction.
APPLICATION OF A CONTINUOUS CENTRIFUGAL FLUIDIZED BED DRIER TO THE PREPARATION OF QUICK‐COOKING RICE PRODUCTS (1979)

ABSTRACT Parameters developed previously for preparing several quick‐cooking rice varieties using a small batch centrifugal fluidized bed drier (“CFB”) were adapted to a continuous unit which was operated at rates of 20–60 lb/hr of dried instant type rice products. Minor equipment modifications were made to handle the slightly sticky cooked rice being fed into the continuous drier. High heat transfer rates were obtained with an air flow of 3000 fpm at 132°C across the lo‐inch diam × 100‐inch long drier cylinder rotating at 270 rpm to give a centrifugal force of about 10 times gravity. A 5‐min drying time was possible. The process was applied satisfactorily to long‐, medium‐ and short‐grain rice varieties. Bulk densities and rehydration characteristics were controlled to meet prescribed recipe directions for consumer use. The CFB process should reduce water usage and energy consumption by minimizing treatment times. Total product cost should be favorable for consumer markets.
Pilot study of locomotion improvement using hybrid assistive limb in chronic stroke patients (2013)

UMIN000002969.
Optical power independent optical beam profiler (2004)

To the best of our knowledge, proposed and demonstrated for the first time is an optical power independent optical beam profiler instrument. The instrument uses a pair of symmetrically located power detection photodetectors along with an electronically programmed two-dimensional digital micromirror device to implement spatial beam profiling. The instrument also features high-repeatability all-digital controls and fast millisecond reconfigurations. The instrument can have a critical impact in test, measurement, and monitoring systems for various optical beams, including high-power laser beams.
New ultrastructural findings about <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> by cryofixation, negative staining, thin sectioning and scanning techniques (1990)

Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi strains by means of negative staining EM has become an integral part of many studies related to the biology of the Lyme disease organism. However, relying solely upon negative staining to compare new isolates with prototype B31 or other borreliae is often unsatisfactory. To obtain more satisfactory results, we have relied upon a correlative approach encompassing a variety EM techniques, i.e., scanning for topographical features and cryotomy, negative staining and thin sectioning to provide a more complete structural characterization of B. burgdorferi . For characterization, isolates of B. burgdorferi were cultured in BSK II media from which they were removed by low speed centrifugation. The sedimented borrelia were carefully resuspended in stabilizing buffer so as to preserve their features for scanning and negative staining. Alternatively, others were prepared for conventional thin sectioning and for cryotomy using modified procedures. For thin sectioning, the fixative described by Ito, et al.
Analysis of a Segment of the Human Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Gene That Directs Astrocyte‐Specific Transcription (1993)

To understand astrocyte-specific transcription, we have been studying the human gfa gene. This gene encodes glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an intermediate filament protein expressed primarily in astrocytes. A survey of the gfa 5' flanking region showed it to contain several segments that contribute to expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in transfected cells. The most active of these was the 124-bp B region, which spans bp -1612 to -1489. We have now used site-directed mutagenesis to analyze this region in greater detail, and show that the B region itself contains several important elements. The most crucial of these is a consensus AP-1 sequence, the binding site for the Fos and Jun families of transcription factors. The presence of members of both these families in the glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing U251 cell line used for our transfection studies was verified by gel mobility-shift experiments. This is the first demonstration of the functioning of a specific transcription factor site for astrocytes, and provides a focus for future studies of glial fibrillary acidic protein regulation during development and reactive gliosis.
Optical switching of coherent VO2 precipitates formed in sapphire by ion implantation and annealing (1996)

Coherent precipitates of vanadium dioxide have been formed in the near-surface region of sapphire by the stoichiometric coimplantation of vanadium and oxygen combined with subsequent thermal processing at temperatures ranging from 700 to 1000 °C. The embedded VO2 precipitates, which are three-dimensionally oriented with respect to the Al2O3 host lattice, undergo a first-order monoclinic-to-tetragonal (and also semiconducting-to-metallic) phase transition at ∼77 °C. This transformation is accompanied by a significant variation in the optical transmission of the implanted region and results in the formation of an optically active, thermally ‘‘switchable’’ surface region on Al2O3.
Assessing Age-Related Changes in the Biomechanical Properties of Rabbit Lens Using a Coaligned Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Elastography System (2015)

The results demonstrate that the US-OCE system can be used for noninvasive analysis and quantification of lens biomechanical properties in situ and possibly in vivo.
Novel sorbents for high temperature regenerative H/sub 2/S removal. Topical report, October 1983-July 1984 (1984)

The overall objective of this project is to develop regenerable sorbents for fuel gas desulfurization at an operating temperature of 550 to 750/sup 0/C. Two classes of sorbents are being investigated for removal of H/sub 2/S from about 1 vol % to sub-ppM levels. The main characteristics of these sorbents are rapid kinetics of absorption and good regenerability. The rapid absorption kinetics are realized by eliminating or minimizing the resistance associated with solid state diffusion. With these properties, the sorbents would be suitable for coal gasification/molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications, but could also be applied to combined cycle power generation and the purification of synthesis gas. Work in Phase I was divided into two major tasks. The first task was to synthesize and test sorbents consisting of supported melts of binary oxides, particularly ZnO-V/sub 2/O/sub 5/ on high surface area supports. The second task involved the synthesis, characterization and testing of unsupported binary oxides such as ZnO-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ in the form of porous solid compounds or solid solutions of relatively high surface area. In general, the results from Phase I of this project have demonstrated the importance of the physical properties of sorbents for improved stable performance, andmore » have identified new materials with superior sorbent properties both at lower (538/sup 0/C) and higher (700/sup 0/C) operating temperatures. Among the several H/sub 2/S sorbent systems that were tested, the novel copper and zinc ferrite materials from class B and the CuMoO/sub 4/-MoO/sub 3//alumina from class A have shown the most promising performance. These will be studied in more detail during Phase II of this work. 16 refs., 17 figs., 8 tabs.« less
Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that maximize breadth and resistance to viral escape. (2021)

An ideal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody would resist viral escape <sup>1-3</sup> , have activity against diverse SARS-related coronaviruses <sup>4-7</sup> , and be highly protective through viral neutralization <sup>8-11</sup> and effector functions <sup>12,13</sup> . Understanding how these properties relate to each other and vary across epitopes would aid development of antibody therapeutics and guide vaccine design. Here, we comprehensively characterize escape, breadth, and potency across a panel of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD), including S309 <sup>4</sup> , the parental antibody of the late-stage clinical antibody VIR-7831. We observe a tradeoff between SARS-CoV-2 <i>in vitro</i> neutralization potency and breadth of binding across SARS-related coronaviruses. Nevertheless, we identify several neutralizing antibodies with exceptional breadth and resistance to escape, including a new antibody (S2H97) that binds with high affinity to all SARS-related coronavirus clades via a unique RBD epitope centered on residue E516. S2H97 and other escape-resistant antibodies have high binding affinity and target functionally constrained RBD residues. We find that antibodies targeting the ACE2 receptor binding motif (RBM) typically have poor breadth and are readily escaped by mutations despite high neutralization potency, but we identify one potent RBM antibody (S2E12) with breadth across sarbecoviruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 and with a high barrier to viral escape. These data highlight functional diversity among antibodies targeting the RBD and identify epitopes and features to prioritize for antibody and vaccine development against the current and potential future pandemics.
Synthesis and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus protein G related peptides containing two disulphide bridges. (2000)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most important cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumoniae in infants and young children. Approximately 100,000 children are hospitalized in the USA each year as a result of RSV infections. During the research and development of subunit human RSV vaccines, we have produced numerous synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins containing the four cysteines of the highly conserved central region of the G attachment protein. For several of these disulphide bridges containing peptides, all possible oxidizing isomers were synthesized using various oxidising conditions, resulting in different ratios of isomers. Each isolated isomer was fully characterized by RP-HPLC, FZCE and ES-MS after purification by preparative RP-HPLC. The different cysteine pairings were unambiguously established after enzymatic digestion, LC-MS analysis and peptide microsequencing. These synthetic and analytical methods were developed for the characterization of recombinant fusion protein BBG2Na which is currently investigated in clinical phase II and seems to be as a very promising vaccine candidate, and for peptides which were synthesized to be evaluated as conjugate vaccines or as immunochemical tools, after covalent coupling to carrier proteins. Furthermore, these studies allowed us to determine which of the different possible isomers was the most stable and probably the preferred form in native conditions. Finally, the different oxidising and analysis conditions, should be useful for disulphide pairing studies of other peptides and proteins having the same "xCxxCxxxxxCxxxCx" framework, such as G proteins of non-human RSV strains, developed for example as veterinary vaccine candidates.
Scaling Demonstration Of The XeF (C->A) Laser (1989)

Operation of a scaled, injection-controlled XeF(C→)A) laser is described. The output energy is 0.6 J per pulse from an extracted volume of 0.48 ℓ, which corresponds to an extraction energy density of 125 J/ℓ. The energy deposition in the gas is 105 J/ℓ and the intrinsic efficiency is therefore 1.2%. Also included is the first report of a repetitively-pulsed (1 Hz) electron-beam pumped XeF(C→)A) laser.
Optical transitions in a step quantum well (1989)

We have theoretically studied the field-dependent optical properties of a step quantum-well structure, which consists of a small well inside a big well. The wave functions of the small and big wells overlap and their eigenenergies have different field dependencies. The transition from a small-well state to a big well state thus gives a large Stark shift at low applied field without degrading the oscillator strength. Another advantage is to allow optical transitions that are forbidden in simple single-well structures. This relaxation of the selection rule makes it possible to provide optical pumping for intersubband lasing. Also, since the step well is asymmetric, many nonlinear properties are expected.
Color Tunable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices with External Quantum Efficiency over 20% Based on Strongly Luminescent Gold(III) Complexes having Long‐Lived Emissive Excited States (2014)

Gold(III) complexes supported by C-deprotonated fluorene-C^N^C ligands having high emission quantum yield up to 0.61 and long-lived emissive excited states are used as yellow emitters in color tunable PLEDs and OLEDs. High EQEs of 13.16% and 22.02% are achieved in the best PLED and OLED, respectively.
Receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility (RHAMM/HMMR) is a novel target for promoting subcutaneous adipogenesis (2017)

Hyaluronan, CD44 and the Receptor for Hyaluronan-Mediated Motility (RHAMM, gene name HMMR) regulate stem cell differentiation including mesenchymal progenitor differentiation. Here, we show that CD44 expression is required for subcutaneous adipogenesis, whereas RHAMM expression suppresses this process. We designed RHAMM function blocking peptides to promote subcutaneous adipogenesis as a clinical and tissue engineering tool. Adipogenic RHAMM peptides were identified by screening for their ability to promote adipogenesis in culture assays using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, mouse pre-adipocyte cell lines and primary human subcutaneous pre-adipocytes. Oil red O uptake into fat droplets and adiponectin production were used as biomarkers of adipogenesis. Positive peptides were formulated in either collagen I or hyaluronan (Orthovisc) gels then assessed for their adipogenic potential in vivo following injection into dorsal rat skin and mammary fat pads. Fat content was quantified and characterized using micro CT imaging, morphometry, histology, RT-PCR and ELISA analyses of adipogenic gene expression. Injection of screened peptides increased dorsal back subcutaneous fat pad area (208.3 ± 10.4 mm<sup>2</sup>versus control 84.11 ± 4.2 mm<sup>2</sup>; p < 0.05) and mammary fat pad size (45 ± 11 mg above control background, p = 0.002) in female rats. This effect lasted >5 weeks as detected by micro CT imaging and perilipin 1 mRNA expression. RHAMM expression suppresses while blocking peptides promote expression of PPARγ, C/EBP and their target genes. Blocking RHAMM function by peptide injection or topical application is a novel and minimally invasive method for potentially promoting subcutaneous adipogenesis in lipodystrophic diseases and a complementary tool to subcutaneous fat augmentation techniques.
Fast, high-fidelity readout of multiple qubits (2017)

Quantum computing requires a delicate balance between coupling quantum systems to external instruments for control and readout, while providing enough isolation from sources of decoherence. Circuit quantum electrodynamics has been a successful method for protecting superconducting qubits, while maintaining the ability to perform readout [1, 2]. Here, we discuss improvements to this method that allow for fast, high-fidelity readout. Specifically, the integration of a Purcell filter, which allows us to increase the resonator bandwidth for fast readout, the incorporation of a Josephson parametric converter, which enables us to perform high-fidelity readout by amplifying the readout signal while adding the minimum amount of noise required by quantum mechanics, and custom control electronics, which provide us with the capability of fast decision and control.
Fluorescence imaging of experimental rheumatoid arthritis in vivo using a fast flying-spot scanner (2007)

We have developed a flying-spot scanner for fluorescence imaging of rheumatoid arthritis in the near infrared (NIR) spectral range following intravenous administration of contrast agents. The new imaging system has been characterized with respect to linearity, dynamic range and spatial resolution with the help of fluorescent phantoms. In vivo experiments were performed on an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, NIR-fluorescence images of early stages of joint inflammation have been compared with findings from contrast enhanced MR imaging and histology.
A New Unified Scheme for Controlled Power System Separation Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements (2011)

Controlled power system separation, which separates the transmission system into islands in a controlled manner, is considered the final resort against a blackout under severe disturbances, e.g., cascading events. Three critical problems of controlled separation are where and when to separate and what to do after separation, which are rarely studied together. They are addressed in this paper by a proposed unified controlled separation scheme based on synchrophasors. The scheme decouples the three problems by partitioning them into sub-problems handled strategically in three time stages: the Offline Analysis stage determines elementary generator groups, optimizes potential separation points in between, and designs post-separation control strategies; the Online Monitoring stage predicts separation boundaries by modal analysis on synchrophasor data; the Real-time Control stage calculates a synchrophasor-based separation risk index for each boundary to predict the time to perform separation. The proposed scheme is demonstrated on a 179-bus power system by case studies.
GB Virus C Infection in Children With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2005)

GBV-C prevalence rates are lower in children with perinatal HIV infection than those reported for HIV-infected adults. With the exception of evidence that GBV-C viremic children had lower rates of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV disease category C disease before GBV-C testing, we did not find evidence of improved HIV disease outcome in coinfected patients, but the number of HIV/GBV-C-coinfected children was small.
Oral lactoferrin inhibits growth of established tumors and potentiates conventional chemotherapy (2004)

In this work, we investigated the anticancer activity of orally administered recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) alone and in combination with chemotherapy in tumor-bearing mice. rhLF inhibited the growth of squamous cell carcinoma (O12) tumors in T cell-immunocompromised nu/nu mice by 80% when administered at 1,000 mg/kg (2.9 g/m2) by oral gavage twice daily for 8 days (p < 0.001). Similar activity was observed in syngeneic, immunocompetent BALB/c mice, where orally administered rhLF (1,000 mg/kg, 2.9 g/m2 once daily) halted the growth of mammary adenocarcinoma TUBO. Oral rhLF (200 mg/kg, 0.57 g/m2) was also used alone and in combination with cis-platinum (5 mg/kg) to treat head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma in a syngeneic murine model. Monotherapy with oral rhLF or cis-platinum caused 61% or 66% tumor growth inhibition over placebo, respectively. Mice receiving both therapies showed 79% growth inhibition, a statistically significant improvement over each drug alone. We then demonstrated that administration of oral rhLF (300 mg/kg, 0.86 g/m2) to tumor-bearing or naive mice resulted in (i) significantly increased production of IL-18 in the intestinal tract, (ii) systemic NK cell activation and (iii) circulating CD8+ T-cell expansion. These data suggest that oral rhLF is an immunomodulatory agent active against cancer as a single agent and in combination chemotherapy, exerting its systemic effect through stimulation of IL-18 and other cytokines in the gut enterocytes. rhLF has been administered orally to 211 people without a single serious drug-related adverse event. Thus, rhLF shows promise as a safe and well-tolerated novel immunomodulatory anticancer agent.