gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospects for crop improvement through the genetic manipulation of photosynthesis: morphological and biochemical aspects of light capture (2000)

The prospects for genetic manipulation of photosynthesis are assessed with an emphasis on the biochemical and morphological aspects of light capture. The connection between different parts of the photosynthetic process is considered together with the influence of environmental factors, development and acclimation, and metabolic regulation. The sites of real and potential photosynthetic losses are identified, using tropical rice as a case study. The important interaction between photosynthetic capacity, acclimation to the light environment, nitrogen accumulation and canopy architecture are discussed. The possibility of genetic intervention to increase both biomass accumulation and improve nitrogen economy simultaneously are considered. Finally, the numerous procedures for genetic manipulation of light harvesting are also discussed, with a view of improving radiation-use efficiency in crops.
Controlled transfer of single charge carriers (1991)

Two devices that allow the coherent transfer of single electrons are described. They are based on the electrostatic control of tunnel processes across ultrasmall normal tunnel junctions. When appropriate AC signals are applied to gates a current I=e*f is forced to flow through the devices. There are, however, fundamental differences in their principles which make the pump the only suitable candidate for the controlled transfer of cooper pairs. Although in these experiments the I=e*f relation was verified with only a 1% accuracy, more elaborate versions of these devices could be promising candidates for a current standard.
Annexin A1 as a target for managing murine pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (2017)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a polygenic pathological disorder which involves multiple organs. Self-specific B cells play a main role in the lupus pathogenesis by generating autoantibodies as well as by serving as important autoantigen-presenting cells. Autoreactive T lymphocytes, on the other hand, are responsible for B cell activation and proliferation, and cytokine production. Therefore, both factors promote the idea that a down-modulation of activated self-reactive T and B cells involved in the pathogenic immune response is a reasonable approach for SLE therapy. Annexin A1 (ANX A1) is expressed by many cell types and binds to phospholipids in a Ca<sup>2+</sup> dependent manner. Abnormal expression of ANX A1 was found on activated B and T cells in both murine and human autoimmunity, suggesting its potential role as a therapeutic target. While its role on T lymphocytes is through formyl peptide receptor-like molecules (FPRL), and the formed ANX A1/FPRL pathway modulates T cell receptor signalling, there is still no fool-proof data available for the role of ANX A1 in B cells. We employed a lupus model of Balb/c mice with pristane-induced SLE which very closely resembles human lupus. In the present study, we investigated the possibility to modulate the autoimmune response in a pristane-induced mouse model of SLE using an anti- ANX A1 antibody. Administration of this monoclonal antibody resulted in the inhibition of T-cell activation and proliferation, suppression of IgG anti-dsDNA antibody-secreting plasma cells and of proteinuria, decreased disease activity and prolonged survival compared to control group.
Soil CO<sub>2</sub> respiration: Comparison of chemical titration, CO<sub>2</sub> IRGA analysis and the Solvita gel system (2008)

Abstract The measurement of soil carbon dioxide respiration is a means to gauge biological soil fertility. Test methods for respiration employed in the laboratory vary somewhat, and to date the equipment and labor required have somewhat limited more widespread adoption of such methodologies. The purpose of this research is to compare the results of measured soil CO 2 respiration using three methods: (1) titration method; (2) infrared gas analysis (IRGA); and (3) the Solvita gel system for soil CO 2 analysis. We acquired 36 soil samples from across the USA for comparison, which ranged in pH from 4.5 to 8.5, organic C from 0.8 to 4.6% and the clay content from 6 to 62%. All three methods were highly correlated with each other after 24-h of incubation (titration and Solvita r 2 =0.82, respirometer and Solvita r 2 =0.79 and titration versus respirometer r 2 =0.95). The 24-h (1-day) CO 2 release from all three methods was also highly correlated to both basal soil respiration (7–28 days) and cumulative 28-day CO 2 respiration. An additional 24 soil samples were acquired and added to the original 36, for a total of 60 soil samples. These samples were used for calibration of the Solvita gel digital color reader results using CO 2 -titration results and regression analysis. Regression analysis resulted in the equation y =20.6∗(Solvita number)−16.5 with an r 2 of 0.83. The data suggest that the Solvita gel system for soil CO 2 analysis could be a simple and easily used method to quantify soil microbial activity. Applications may also exist for the gel system for in situ measurements in surface gas chambers. Once standardized soil sampling and laboratory analysis protocols are established, the Solvita method could be easily adapted to commercial soil testing labs as an index of soil microbial activity.
Reduction of Metal Artifact in Single Photon-Counting Computed Tomography by Spectral-Driven Iterative Reconstruction Technique (2015)

It is demonstrated that the combination of the additional information from Spectral CT and statistical reconstruction can significantly improve image quality, especially streaking artifacts caused by the presence of materials with high atomic numbers.
Acyl transfer in <i>o</i>-hydroxybenzenethiol (1980)

o-Hydroxybenzenethiol reacts with one equivalent of acetic anhydride to give a mixture of starting materiel, diacylated material, and O- or S- monoacylated products as determined by nmr. The same products are obtained by equilibration of a mixture of o-hydroxybenzenethiol and its diacetate. The mixture does not contain detectable amounts of 2-methylbenzothioxolan-2-ol.
Cytotoxicity of 7-Ketocholesterol toward Cultured Rat Hepatocytes and the Effect of Vitamin E (1996)

The effects of 7-ketocholesterol on rat hepatocytes prepared by collagenase perfusion were examined. The viability of cells incubated with 100 microM 7-ketocholesterol was significantly lower than those with cholesterol, although the LDH activity in the cultured medium remained unchanged during the incubation. Hepatocytes treated with 7-ketocholesterol produced large amounts of .NO and O2- in the early stage of incubation. Treatment of the hepatocytes with Carboxy-PTIO, which selectively scavenged .NO, or with L-NMMA, an inhibitor of .NO synthase, increased the cell viability. The addition of 7-ketocholesterol to the culture medium tended to increase the ratio of total sterol to phospholipid of the hepatocytes in a time-dependent manner without changing the content of phospholipid. No lipid peroxidation or oxidation of the cellular SH groups, protein SH and glutathione, was apparent. Vitamin E added 1 h before the addition of 7-ketocholesterol prevented the hepatocytes from cell death by suppressing the incorporation of 7-ketocholesterol into the hepatocytes and by scavenging O2-.
A new receiver architecture for multiple-antenna systems (2006)

A low-IF receiver architecture translates two antenna signals to positive and negative frequencies in complex domain, thus reducing the number of baseband A/D converters by a factor of two. A dual-receiver prototype designed and fabricated in 0.18-mum CMOS technology provides a sensitivity of -72 dBm with EVM of -25 dB for 64QAM signals while drawing 60.2 mW from a 1.8-V supply
High performance raised source/drain InAs/In0.53Ga0.47As channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors with reduced leakage using a vertical spacer (2013)

We demonstrate raised source/drain InAs/In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors incorporating a vertical spacer in the high-field region between the channel and the drain. The spacer significantly reduces off-state leakage at a high drain bias (VDS) without increasing the source/drain contact pitch. Subsequently, thinning the InAs layer within the channel further reduces the off-state leakage and subthreshold swing (SS). At ∼60 nm gate length and VDS = 0.5 V, devices with a 6 nm/3 nm InAs/In0.53Ga0.47As channel show 2.7 mS/μm peak transconductance (gm) and 125 mV/dec SS, while devices with a 4.5 nm/3 nm InAs/In0.53Ga0.47As channel show 2.4 mS/μm peak gm and 96 mV/dec SS.
Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers for bone diseases – Complex signatures for multifactorial diseases? (2015)

Biomarkers are essential tools in clinical research and practice. Useful biomarkers must combine good measurability, validated association with biological processes or outcomes, and should support clinical decision making if used in clinical practice. Several types of validated biomarkers have been reported in the context of bone diseases. However, because these biomarkers face certain limitations there is an interest in the identification of novel biomarkers for bone diseases, specifically in those that are tightly linked to the disease pathology leading to increased fracture-risk. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most abundant RNA species to be found in cell-free blood. Encapsulated within microvesicles or bound to proteins, circulating miRNAs are remarkably stable analytes that can be measured using gold-standard technologies such as quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR). Nevertheless, the analysis of circulating miRNAs faces several pre-analytical as well as analytical challenges. From a biological view, there is accumulating evidence that miRNAs play essential roles in the regulation of various biological processes including bone homeostasis. Moreover, specific changes in miRNA transcription levels or miRNA secretory levels have been linked to the development and progression of certain bone diseases. Only recently, results from circulating miRNAs analysis in patients with osteopenia, osteoporosis and fragility fractures have been reported. By comparing these findings to studies on circulating miRNAs in cellular senescence and aging or muscle physiology and sarcopenia, several overlaps were observed. This suggests that signatures observed during osteoporosis might not be specific to the pathophysiology in bone, but rather integrate information from several tissue types. Despite these promising first data, more work remains to be done until circulating miRNAs can serve as established and robust diagnostic tools for bone diseases in clinical research, clinical routine and in personalized medicine.
Quantum Algorithms for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Quantum computing is a new computational paradigm that promises applications in several fields, including machine learning. In the last decade, deep learning, and in particular Convolutional neural networks (CNN), have become essential for applications in signal processing and image recognition. Quantum deep learning, however remains a challenging problem, as it is difficult to implement non linearities with quantum unitaries. In this paper we propose a quantum algorithm for applying and training deep convolutional neural networks with a potential speedup. The quantum CNN (QCNN) is a shallow circuit, reproducing completely the classical CNN, by allowing non linearities and pooling operations. The QCNN is particularly interesting for deep networks and could allow new frontiers in image recognition, by using more or larger convolution kernels, larger or deeper inputs. We introduce a new quantum tomography algorithm with $\ell_{\infty}$ norm guarantees, and new applications of probabilistic sampling in the context of information processing. We also present numerical simulations for the classification of the MNIST dataset to provide practical evidence for the efficiency of the QCNN.
XPM Statistics in 100% Precompensated WDM Transmission for OOK and DPSK Formats (2009)

We numerically study cross-phase modulation (XPM) statistics in 100% precompensated wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission with on-off keying (OOK) and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) formats. XPM and its randomness are determined by nonlinear diffusion bandwidth and specific modulation format in the target channel. XPM degradation in DPSK channels shows much less stochastic than that in OOK channels. The small duty cycle also helps to reduce XPM randomness.
P102-T Electron Transfer Dissociation, Multi-Stage Activation, and Neutral Loss Initiated MS3 Utilized in the Characterization of Phosphorylation Sites of Human Kinases. (2007)

The standard mass spectrometric technique for the analysis of phosphopeptides on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer is to perform MS/MS followed by MS(3) of the putative neutral loss peak observed by MS/MS. This is usually termed data-dependent neutral loss MS(3) (DDN-LMS(3)). The strength of this approach is the sensitivity in full scan MS(n) of linear ion trap technology and the characteristically strong neutral loss peak, which flags the MS/ MS spectrum as potentially belonging to a phosphopeptide. This approach has been much applied to phospho(-)proteomic analyses typically involving up-front phosphopeptide enrichment, such as TiO(2) chromatography. Indeed, a recent article from Mann and co-workers identified 6600 phosphorylation sites utilizing a hybrid linear ion trap Fourier transform mass spectrometer. However, there are also weaknesses, such as the fact that phosphotyrosine residues rarely produce a neutral loss from the precursor during MS/MS. Recently, a new dissociation technique, electron transfer dissociation (ETD), has been invented in the lab of Don Hunt. ETD has different but complementary characteristics compared to CID. For example, (1) ETD works best on multiply charged ions of 3+ and above, whereas CID works best on 1+ to 3+ ions; (2) amino acid side chains and important modifications such as phosphorylated amino acid residues are left intact by ETD, producing a rich ladder of c and z ions for sequencing. CID produces mostly b- and y-type ions by collision with gases. Work reported here compares DDNLMS(3) data (and another neutral loss–based technique referred to as multistage activation, also utilized in the work of Mann and colleagues) generated on a series of human kinases with results obtained by data-dependent ETD. The different dissociation techniques were found to be complementary, and a number of novel phosphorylation sites were identified on such well-known kinases as PKB and SAPK2a.
A Pilot Study of 18F-Alfatide PET/CT Imaging for Detecting Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2017)

Angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor development and α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin are overexpressed on the endothelial cell surface of newly forming vessels. <sup>18</sup>F-Alfatide has favorable properties for α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin targeting and showed potential for imaging angiogenesis with Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). In this study, 13 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent <sup>18</sup>F-Alfatide PET/CT before surgery were enrolled. The uptake of all dissected lymph nodes (LNs) of <sup>18</sup>F-Alfatide were assessed visually and analyzed with a maximum and mean standard uptake value (SUV<sub>max</sub>, SUV<sub>mean</sub>) and SUV ratios. LN metastases were pathologically confirmed and 20 of 196 LNs were malignant. All malignant LNs were successfully visualized on <sup>18</sup>F-Alfatide PET/CT in patients and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy was 100.0%, 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. SUV<sub>max</sub>, SUV<sub>mean</sub> and SUV ratios in malignant LNs were significantly higher than in benign LNs for NSCLC patients (P < 0.001). The same result was observed in patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001). The <sup>18</sup>F-Alfatide parameter shows high sensitivity (83.9-100%), specificity (78.6-96.7%) and accuracy (81.7-96.9%) according to thresholds calculated from receiver operating characteristic curve. Our results suggest that <sup>18</sup>F-Alfatide PET/CT is valuable in the diagnosis of metastatic LNs for NSCLC patients.
Controlling the on/off current ratio of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (2015)

The on/off current ratio in organic ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) is largely determined by the position of the threshold voltage, the value of which can show large device-to-device variations. Here we show that by employing a dual-gate layout for the FeFET, we can gain full control over the on/off ratio. In the resulting dual-gate FeFET the ferroelectric gate provides the memory functionality and the second, non-ferroelectric, control gate is advantageously used to set the threshold voltage. The on/off ratio can thus be maximized at the readout bias. The operation is explained by the quantitative analysis of charge transport in a dual-gate FeFET.
Small-signal analysis of wavelength conversion in semiconductor laser amplifiers via gain saturation (1995)

Wavelength conversion due to gain saturation in a travelling wave semiconductor laser amplifier is analyzed using a small-signal model. An analytic expression is developed showing that the small-signal bandwidth of wavelength conversion is not limited simply to the carrier modulation bandwidth, but also depends on the single-pass gain of the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptively Sharing Time-Series with Differential Privacy (2012)

Sharing real-time aggregate statistics of private data is of great value to the public to perform data mining for understanding important phenomena, such as Influenza outbreaks and traffic congestion. However, releasing time-series data with standard differential privacy mechanism has limited utility due to high correlation between data values. We propose FAST, a novel framework to release real-time aggregate statistics under differential privacy based on filtering and adaptive sampling. To minimize the overall privacy cost, FAST adaptively samples long time-series according to the detected data dynamics. To improve the accuracy of data release per time stamp, FAST predicts data values at non-sampling points and corrects noisy observations at sampling points. Our experiments with real-world as well as synthetic data sets confirm that FAST improves the accuracy of released aggregates even under small privacy cost and can be used to enable a wide range of monitoring applications.
A CONTROLLED EVALUATION OF PROPHYLACTIC DIALYSIS IN POST-TRAUMATIC ACUTE RENAL FAILURE (1975)

From the Hemodialysis Unit, Veterans Administration Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver
Viscoelasticity and plasticity aspects of antiplasticization phenomena: Strain rate and temperature effects (1987)

Abstract The phenomenon of antiplasticization was examined for poly-vinyl chloride containing 10 phr tricresyl phosphate, by means of dynamic mechanical tests and with constant strain rate equipment, using both tension and plane-strain compression deformation modes. While the activation energy for both α and β relaxations was decreased by the addition of the plasticizer, the magnitude of β dispersions decreased and the modulus increased over a temperature range lying between the α and β transitions of the plasticized polymer. Similar changes were found with respect to the yield stress measurements, from which a contour diagram was drawn showing the strain rate/ temperature relationship of antiplasticization. The values of activation energy for yield phenomena were found to lie between those obtained for the α and β relaxations. The activation volume, on the other hand, was found to increase over the same temperature range in which antiplasticization is observed.
Expression and immunolocalization of the oxytocin receptor in human lactating and non-lactating mammary glands (1998)

The milk ejection reflex is mediated by the release of pituitary oxytocin and its interaction with specific receptors within the mammary gland. Although up-regulation of the oxytocin receptor during lactation has been shown for the rat mammary gland by ligand binding assay, investigation of the receptor expression in human breast at the molecular level has not yet been carried out in detail. Here we report the expression and immunolocalization of the oxytocin receptor in the human breast. It appears that the expression level of the receptor-specific mRNA is not significantly elevated during lactation and the protein remains at a relatively low level. However, this lack of increase may be only a dilution effect because of the high level of milk protein expression. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy using three anti-oxytocin receptor antibodies raised against different epitopes of the receptor indicated the presence of receptor immunoreactivity only to a very limited extent in the myoepithelial cells; more specific expression appeared to occur in the ductal/glandular epithelium in both the non-lactating as well as lactating breast. This finding was also confirmed in a New World monkey, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). These results suggest that, at least for human and marmoset, in addition to--or even instead of--myoid cells, the ductal/glandular epithelium is also a target for oxytocin action, not only during lactation but also in the non-lactating breast. Thus, there may be other physiological effects of oxytocin besides direct myoid cell contraction in the breast.
A Hadamard transform electron ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (2008)

We describe the first Hadamard transform time-of-flight mass spectrometer (HT-TOFMS) that incorporates an electron (impact) ionization source. This implementation was realized in an existent TOF instrument using commercially available components and simple modifications to the ion source. In the present apparatus, a Hadamard mask is expressed by modulating the ion generation process within the ion source; thus, the present approach differs from previous designs that use external electrostatic devices to modulate a continuous ion stream. The present implementation may be operated in conventional TOF mode at 12.5 kHz and in HT-TOF mode at 20-40 MHz. In Hadamard mode the design can operate using any circulant simplex code, allowing the operator much flexibility for optimizing resolution and mass range and for eliminating nonstochastic fluctuations, e.g., encoding errors and signal hum. We demonstrate typical performance of the HT-TOFMS in standard and reflectron geometries using sequences of three constructions and of varied length, generating HT-TOF mass spectra of molecules that match conventional reference spectra. The auxiliary material includes an electrical schematic for the floating high-speed encoding amplifier, which is also of use in other high-speed electrostatic optics applications, and a list of 537 validated vectors comprising the first row of each circulant simplex sequence (S(n)=3-8219) derived using maximal shift register (n=2(m)-1), quadratic residue (n=4m-3), and twin prime constructions [n=p(p+2)].