gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exact 1-Norm Support Vector Machines Via Unconstrained Convex Differentiable Minimization (2006)

Support vector machines utilizing the 1-norm, typically set up as linear programs (Mangasarian, 2000; Bradley and Mangasarian, 1998), are formulated here as a completely unconstrained minimization of a convex differentiable piecewise-quadratic objective function in the dual space. The objective function, which has a Lipschitz continuous gradient and contains only one additional finite parameter, can be minimized by a generalized Newton method and leads to an exact solution of the support vector machine problem. The approach here is based on a formulation of a very general linear program as an unconstrained minimization problem and its application to support vector machine classification problems. The present approach which generalizes both (Mangasarian, 2004) and (Fung and Mangasarian, 2004) is also applied to nonlinear approximation where a minimal number of nonlinear kernel functions are utilized to approximate a function from a given number of function values.
Improved performance thermal barrier coatings (1983)

Thermal barrier coatings offer an attractive approach to improving the durability and efficiency of the hot section of heat engines. The coatings typically consist of an inner alloy bond coating about 0.01 cm thick resistant to oxidation and hot corrosion and an outer ceramic layer, usually a stabilized zirconia, 0.01-0.05 cm thick. Here, the materials, thermomechanical stress, and hot corrosion problems associated with thermal barrier coatings are reviewed along with the capabilities and limitations of current technology. The coatings discussed include ZrO2-Y2O3/NiCrAlY, ZrO2-Y2O3/NiCoCrAlY, ZrO2-MgO/NiCoCrAlY, CaO-SiO2/Co-Cr-Al-Y, and CaO-SiO2/NiCrAlY systems. It is emphasized that the performance of thermal barrier coatings is governed by many complex and interrelated factors, so that optimization of these coatings always involves certain tradeoffs.
Synthesis, Characterization, and<i>in vitro</i>Cytotoxicity of Gold(I) Complexes of 2-(Diphenylphosphanyl)ethylamine and Dithiocarbamates (2016)

Gold(I) complexes of 2-(diphenylphosphanyl)ethylamine or (2-aminoethyl)diphenylphosphine (AEP), and dithiocaarbamates (R2NCS2) were prepared by the reaction of these ligands with (CH3)2S-AuCl in dichloromethane. The synthesized complexes [Au(AEP)Cl] (1), [Au(AEP)2]Cl (2), and [Au2(R2NCS2)2]n (R2 = dimethyl (3), diethyl (4), and dibenzyl (5)) were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The complexes were evaluated for anticancer activity against three cancer cells, A549 (human lung carcinoma), HCT15 (human colon cancer), and MCF7 (human breast cancer) cell lines. Three of the five tested complexes showed significant in vitro cytotoxicity and for A549, the inhibition effect of three compounds is greater than cisplatin.
Superchiral light generation on nanoimprinted achiral plasmonic substrates for chiral drug detection (2021)

Plasmonic nanostructures provide an excellent platform for label-free detection and manipulation of molecules based on their physical and spectral properties. Our recently discovered superchiral light on achiral plasmonic substrates was used to demonstrate enantioselective chiral molecule detection that are relevant to the pharmaceutical industry. The talk will focus on the detection of chiral drugs and biomolecules using a degenerate cavity-coupled plasmonic substrate. We also discuss advances made regarding the enantioselective separation of chiral molecules using plasmonic tweezers and prospective technical challenges that we aim to address in the future.
<title>Improved real-time holography system with LCDs</title> (1992)

A matrix-addressed liquid crystal display device like LCTV-SLMs is one of the important devices for our electro-holography system. In this system, a CCD camera reads holographic interference fringe pattern and its signal is transferred to the LCTV-SLM by video signal line. The LCTV-SLM works as a dynamic holography device. A spatial filtering technique is applied to remove zero-order diffracted light on reconstruction. A comparison between amplitude-type and phase-type holograms and reconstruction by white light are described. The possibility of fine-pixel LCDs are also discussed.
Unequal error protection for transmission of JPEG2000 codestreams over noisy channels (2003)

A method for joint source/channel rate allocation for transmission of JPEG2000 (J2K) codestreams over noisy channels is proposed. The rate allocation method uses the BER statistics of different channel codes and the rate-distortion characteristics of the source generated by the J2K encoder. The features of the J2K codestream are utilized to form a multilayer codestream and an unequal amount of protection is applied to each layer. The proposed method is capable of accommodating different channel coding strategies. Experimental results indicate that the presented method compares favorably with methods existing in the literature.
An efficient, two-stage iris recognition system (2009)

There have been claims of very high information content in iris texture, higher even than in fingerprints. This makes iris attractive for large scale identification systems with possibly millions of people. However, some systems operate by performing N 1:1 matches of the probe against the database. This can get prohibitively expensive in terms of computation as N grows large. Note that for identification systems the per-match time dominants system performance, unlike verification where feature extraction time is the primary component. In this paper we show how to use a short-length iris code to pre-screen a large database and thereby reduce the number of full comparisons needed to a fraction of the total. Since the screening code is much smaller than the full iris code, the time to process the whole database is greatly reduced. As an added benefit, we show that we can use the alignment inferred from the short code to greatly restrict the range of alignments searched for the full code, which further speeds up the system. As we demonstrate in experiments, the two stage approach can reduce the cost and/or time needed by an order of magnitude with very little impact on identification performance.
Formulation and Predicted Properties of Nematic Eutectic Mixtures of Esters (1984)

Abstract Techniques are described both for formulating new nematic liquid crystal (LC) eutectic mixtures and for calculating several of their predicted properties. Ester LC components from various structure classes are used. Emphasis is placed on obtaining mixtures which have relatively short average molecular length, and which are suitable for dynamic scattering electro-optical applications. Examples are given of binary eutectic mixtures made with LC esters of essentially the same molecular length. Selection rules are described for mixing short length components, both from homologous series and from different classes of esters. Approximate class values of birefringence, dielectric anisotropy, and viscosity are assigned to each type of ester structure, based on experimental results in selected mixtures of short molecular length. Properties of multi-component eutectic mixtures are calculated, and comparisons are shown between the predicted and the observed values of melting point, clearpoint, viscosity, dielectric anisotropy, and birefringence of new ester mixtures developed for dynamic scattering devices and displays.
Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Novel Carbocyclic Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors (1998)

A series of influenza neuraminidase inhibitors with the cyclohexene scaffold containing lipophilic side chains have been synthesized and evaluated for influenza A and B neuraminidase inhibitory activity. The size and geometry of side chains have been modified systematically in order to investigate structure-activity relationships of this class of compounds. The X-ray crystal structures of several analogues complexed with neuraminidase revealed that the lipophilic side chains bound to the hydrophobic pocket consisted of Glu276, Ala246, Arg224, and Ile222 of the enzyme active site. The structure-activity relationship studies of this series have also demonstrated remarkably different inhibitory potency between influenza A and B neuraminidase. This indicated that the lipophilic side chains had quite different hydrophobic interactions with influenza A and B neuraminidase despite their complete homology in the active site. Influenza B neuraminidase appeared to be much more sensitive toward the increased steric bulkiness of inhibitors compared to influenza A neuraminidase. From the extensive structure-activity relationship investigation reported in this article, GS 4071 emerged as one of the most potent influenza neuraminidase inhibitors against both influenza A and B strains.
In Vitro Comparison of Two Bioartificial Liver Support Systems: MELS CellModule and AMC-BAL (2007)

Clinically applied bioartificial liver (BAL) support systems are difficult to compare with regard to overall hepatocyte-specific function and clinical outcome. We compared two clinically applied BAL systems, the Modular Extracorporeal Liver Support (MELS) CellModule and the AMC-bioartificial liver (AMC-BAL) in an in vitro set-up. Both BAL systems were loaded with 10 billion freshly isolated porcine hepatocytes, cultured for 7 days and tested on days 1, 2, 4 and 7. Average decrease in hepatocyte-specific functions over 7 days was 9.7%. Three parameters differed between both bioreactors: lidocaine elimination at days 1 and 2 was significantly higher in the AMCBAL, ammonia elimination showed a significantly higher trend for the AMC-BAL over 7 days and LDH release was significantly lower at day 7 for the MELS CellModule. In conclusion, this first in vitro comparison of two clinically applied BAL systems shows comparable functional capacity over a period of 7 days.
Identification of novel consensus CD4 T-cell epitopes from clade B HIV-1 whole genome that are frequently recognized by HIV-1 infected patients (2006)

In silico prediction of promiscuous epitopes led to the identification of naturally immunodominant CD4 T-cell epitopes recognized by PBMC from a significant proportion of a genetically heterogeneous patient population exposed to HIV-1. This combination of CD4 T-cell epitopes - 11 of them not described before - may have the potential for inclusion in a vaccine against HIV-1, allowing the immunization of genetically distinct populations.
Local Periocular Vaccination Protects against Eye Disease More Effectively Than Systemic Vaccination following Primary Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Rabbits (1998)

Vaccination of experimental animals can provide efficient protection against ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) challenge. Although it is suspected that local immune responses are important in protection against ocular HSV-1 infection, no definitive studies have been done to determine if local ocular vaccination would produce more efficacious protection against HSV-1 ocular challenge than systemic vaccination. To address this question, we vaccinated groups of rabbits either systemically or periocularly with recombinant HSV-2 glycoproteins B (gB2) and D (gD2) in MF59 emulsion or with live KOS (a nonneurovirulent strain of HSV-1). Three weeks after the final vaccination, all eyes were challenged with McKrae (a virulent, eye disease-producing strain of HSV-1). Systemic vaccination with either HSV-1 KOS or gB2/gD2 in MF59 did not provide significant protection against any of the four eye disease parameters measured (conjunctivitis, iritis, epithelial keratitis, and corneal clouding). In contrast, periocular vaccination with gB2/gD2 in MF59 provided significant protection against conjunctivitis and iritis, while ocular vaccination with live HSV-1 KOS provided significant protection against all four parameters. Thus, local ocular vaccination provided better protection than systemic vaccination against eye disease following ocular HSV-1 infection. Since local vaccination should produce a stronger local immune response than systemic vaccination, these results suggest that the local ocular immune response is very important in protecting against eye disease due to primary HSV-1 infection. Thus, for clinical protection against primary HSV-1-induced corneal disease, a local ocular vaccine may prove more effective than systemic vaccination.
Analysis of Nanometer-Scale Precipitation in a Rapidly Solidified Stainless Steel (1997)

Abstract Though stainless steels are important technologically for a wide range of applications, they are not generally known for their very high strength. We have rapid-solidification-processed many stainless steels by gas atomization and achieved strength improvements of over 50% relative to conventionally-processed stainless steels with concomitant improvement in corrosion and oxidation behavior. These strength improvements are most pronounced after aging treatments when elevated concentrations of oxygen and vanadium are present in the stainless steel. An austenitic (FCC) stainless steel (Fe-16%Ni-9%Cr-0.5%Mn-0.2%V-0.0137%N-0.008%O by weight) was prepared by gas atomization and consolidated by hot extrusion at 900°C. These specimens were heat treated for 1 hour at 1000°C and aged at 600°C for 500 hours. The microstructure of each alloy composition was observed in TEM with bright field imaging. After aging, most alloys showed the same precipitate morphology as before aging. An obvious change, however, was found only in the alloy with highest oxygen content.
Nanostructured polymeric optical limiter materials (2003)

Summary form only given. A new type of nonlinear nano-layered polymeric optical limiter material is described. The specific materials described here comprise 4096 alternating polymer layers with an average layer thickness of about 90 nm and another with an average layer thickness near 31 nm. A nonlinear response is introduced by including an appropriate dye in alternate polymer layers. The nonlinear nano-layered materials possess a modulation in the nonlinear refractive index in the direction normal to the surface. When the layer thickness is approximately a quarter wavelength, the new materials correspond to a dielectric stack where the refractive index difference between the layers is intensity dependent. Such materials have several uses including particular optical limiting. Several nano-layered materials using optical limiter dyes in alternate layers were fabricated. The response time for the reflectivity change in a 91 nm nanolayered polymer dyed with PbPc(CP)/sub 4/ was of the order of 1 picosecond.
A framework for fully format-independent adaptation of scalable bit streams (2005)

This paper presents a framework for modeling and adaptation of arbitrary scalable multimedia bit streams in a manner that is fully format agnostic ("universal transcoding"). It is entitled structured scalable metaformats (SSM), and is based on establishing a universal model for all scalable bit streams, which in turn allows a compact specification of the set of allowed adaptations, and also how the bit stream adaptation is performed. In order to enable format-agnostic adaptation, two elements are standardized: 1) metadata associated with a scalable bit stream conveying the parameters of its SSM model, and how it is to be manipulated to obtain various adapted versions, as well as information that allows making appropriate adaptation decisions using only the model parameters and 2) a specification of outbound network and terminal constraints, for real-time decisions based on both user preferences and network conditions. By interpreting the descriptions, a universal adaptation engine can adapt the content to suit the specified needs and preferences of recipients, without knowledge of the specifics of the content, its encoding and encryption. With universal adaptation, different adaptation infrastructures are no longer needed for different types of scalable media, eliminating the high costs of traditional transcoding. Many of the SSM concepts have been adopted into the MPEG-21 Part 7 standard entitled Digital Item Adaptation.
The Relative Functionality of Freshly Isolated and Cryopreserved Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells (2016)

The capability of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells to maintain cell viability, phenotype and differentiation ability upon thawing is critical if they are to be banked and used for future therapeutic purposes. In the present study, we examined the effect of 9-10 months of cryostorage on the morphology, immunophenotype, colony-forming unit (CFU) and differentiation capacity of fresh and cryopreserved human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) from the same donors. Cryopreservation did not reduce the CFU frequency and the expression levels of CD29, CD73, CD90 and CD105 remained unchanged with the exception of CD34 and CD45; however, the differentiation capacity of cryopreserved ASCs relative to fresh cells was significantly reduced. While our findings suggest that future studies are warranted to improve cryopreservation methods and agents, cryopreserved ASCs retain sufficient features to ensure their practical utility for both research and clinical applications.
Improving Limited Labeled Dialogue State Tracking with Self-Supervision (2020)

Existing dialogue state tracking (DST) models require plenty of labeled data. However, collecting high-quality labels is costly, especially when the number of domains increases. In this paper, we address a practical DST problem that is rarely discussed, i.e., learning efficiently with limited labeled data. We present and investigate two self-supervised objectives: preserving latent consistency and modeling conversational behavior. We encourage a DST model to have consistent latent distributions given a perturbed input, making it more robust to an unseen scenario. We also add an auxiliary utterance generation task, modeling a potential correlation between conversational behavior and dialogue states. The experimental results show that our proposed self-supervised signals can improve joint goal accuracy by 8.95\% when only 1\% labeled data is used on the MultiWOZ dataset. We can achieve an additional 1.76\% improvement if some unlabeled data is jointly trained as semi-supervised learning. We analyze and visualize how our proposed self-supervised signals help the DST task and hope to stimulate future data-efficient DST research.
Independent Control of Multicolor-Multistring LED Lighting Systems With Fully Switched-Capacitor-Controlled $LCC$ Resonant Network (2017)

Current imbalance is a major problem in multistring LED lighting systems. Significant research efforts have been directed to solve the problem by either an active or passive approach. However, in view of some system requirements or other emerging lighting applications, independent control of different LED strings is getting more important to obtain different desirable brightness and/or color spectrums. The existing active and passive approaches have their limitations to perform current balancing and independent control simultaneously, thus posing another great challenge for the design of LED drivers. In this paper, a fully switched-capacitor-controlled LCC resonant converter is designed to address this challenge. With the replacement of all fixed capacitors in the resonant tank of the LCC converter with switch-controlled capacitors (SCCs), the regulation of the common ac bus voltage, current balancing, and individual current control of LED strings can be readily achieved with a single LED driver by varying the effective capacitances of the SCCs under constant switching frequency. In this way, the circuit complexity can be greatly reduced while the circuit performances can be significantly improved. An experimental prototype of driving LED growth light for indoor farming applications is designed and constructed to verify the idea.
Trigger correlation for dynamic system reconfiguration (2018)

Service Providers1 aim at optimizing resource utilisation while respecting the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) entered with customers. Dynamic reconfiguration is a mechanism for rearranging, allocating and deallocating resources as workload varies. Rearranging, adding or deallocating resources are performed by actions according to elasticity rules triggered by certain conditional events, like threshold violations, called triggers. At runtime, more than one trigger may be generated at a time. Handling them independently may jeopardize certain properties such as availability; moreover, it may harm the stability of the system. In this paper we propose a model based approach for runtime correlation of triggers and the execution of their related elasticity rule actions. This approach is part of an overall framework for SLA compliance management and dynamic reconfiguration.
Determination of Rare Earth Elements in Hypersaline Solutions Using Low-Volume, Liquid–Liquid Extraction (2015)

Complex, hypersaline brines-including those coproduced with oil and gas, rejected from desalination technologies, or used as working fluids for geothermal electricity generation-could contain critical materials such as the rare earth elements (REE) in valuable concentrations. Accurate quantitation of these analytes in complex, aqueous matrices is necessary for evaluation and implementation of systems aimed at recovering those critical materials. However, most analytical methods for measuring trace metals have not been validated for highly saline and/or chemically complex brines. Here we modified and optimized previously published liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) techniques using bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as the extractant in a heptane diluent, and studied its efficacy for REE recovery as a function of three primary variables: background salinity (as NaCl), concentration of a competing species (here Fe), and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Results showed that the modified LLE was robust to a range of salinity, Fe, and DOC concentrations studied as well as constant, elevated Ba concentrations. With proper characterization of the natural samples of interest, this method could be deployed for accurate analysis of REE in small volumes of hyper-saline and chemically complex brines.
Combined BTK and PI3Kδ Inhibition with Acalabrutinib and ACP-319 Improves Survival and Tumor Control in CLL Mouse Model (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Targeting the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway with inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and PI3Kδ is highly effective for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, deep remissions are uncommon, and drug resistance with single-agent therapy can occur. <i>In vitro</i> studies support the effectiveness of combing PI3Kδ and BTK inhibitors.<b>Experimental Design:</b> As CLL proliferation and survival depends on the microenvironment, we used murine models to assess the efficacy of the BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib combined with the PI3Kδ inhibitor ACP-319 <i>in vivo</i> We compared single-agent with combination therapy in TCL1-192 cell-injected mice, a model of aggressive CLL.<b>Results:</b> We found significantly larger reductions in tumor burden in the peripheral blood and spleen of combination-treated mice. Although single-agent therapy improved survival compared with control mice by a few days, combination therapy extended survival by over 2 weeks compared with either single agent. The combination reduced tumor proliferation, NF-κB signaling, and expression of BCL-xL and MCL-1 more potently than single-agent therapy.<b>Conclusions:</b> The combination of acalabrutinib and ACP-319 was superior to single-agent treatment in a murine CLL model, warranting further investigation of this combination in clinical studies. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5814-23. ©2017 AACR</i>.