gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-swing complementary BiCMOS logic circuits (2003)

Full-swing BiCMOS logic circuits for complementary MOS/bipolar technologies are described. The circuits utilize a complementary emitter-follower driver configuration for efficient driving, switched base-emitter shutting to achieve full swing, and CMOS diodes for base-to-base clamping. The performance of the circuits has been demonstrated in a BiCMOS technology featuring 0.8- mu m design rules and a single-poly (poly-emitter) npn-BJT (bipolar junction transistor) with an f/sub T/ of 15 GHz. Using an n-well-base substrate-pnp-BJT (f/sub T/ approximately=500 MHz), a gate delay (fan-in=2, fan-out=1) of 232 ps was obtained with a 3.6-V supply. Low-voltage operation has been demonstrated down to 1.4 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3-Methyl-5-phenylisoxazoline N-Oxides (1989)

The title isoxazoline N-oxide underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with a number of electron deficient olefins regiospecifically to give isoxazolizidines. All four possible geometric approaches of addenda leading to successful cycloadditions occurred to give mixtures of products. A pressure at 1-2 KBar did accelerate the rate of the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions significantly without improving the selectivity of geometrical orientations of approaches: the poor selectivity was ascribed to the lack of ground state molecular association in solution
3-D Reconstruction of the Heart from Few Projections: A Practical Implementation of the McKinnon-Bates Algorithm (1986)

The implementation of a method for improving the quality (by reducing artifacts) of images reconstructed from small numbers of projections is described. The technique is based on an algorithm originally proposed by McKinnon and Bates [1] and includes enhancements suggested by Heffernan and Robb [2]. Emphasis is placed on practical aspects of algorithm implementation, including important noise-suppressing refinements not previously incorporated into the algorithm. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated using actual X-ray projection data of the intact beating heart recorded with the Mayo Clinic's dynamic spatial reconstructor. The implications of improved "stop-action" reconstruction of the heart are considered in the context of additional objectives, including automatic object recognition and definition, and improved four-dimensional reconstruction of the beating heart.
Serum ghrelin in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis during treatment with infliximab (2011)

Ghrelin is a gastric hormone that posses multiple functions, including induction of growth hormone release, regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and control of food intake and energy homeostasis. A few reports on serum ghrelin level in chronic inflammatory states revealed contradictory results. The study was undertaken to determine ghrelin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving infliximab, a TNF-α blocking agent. Serum ghrelin was determined in 18 female rheumatoid patients before the treatment with infliximab, 1 week after the first infusion and after 53 weeks of medication and compared with 15 age-matched healthy women. Serum ghrelin level was shown to be increased in the patients. A decrease in serum ghrelin level was found after the first infusion of infliximab and similarly decreased ghrelin level but still higher than in the control was shown in the 53rd week of medication. The obtained results suggest that ghrelin level is related to inflammation, and its serum level in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis behaves similarly to acute-phase reactants.
Near Optimal Timing and Frequency Offset Estimation for 5G Integrated LEO Satellite Communication System (2019)

The integration of satellite and terrestrial 5G networks aims to provide ubiquitous coverage, improve service reliability, and enable the network scalability. However, the inherent characteristics of satellite channels bring challenges on the air interface design of integrated terrestrial-satellite networks. For example, for low earth orbits (LEO) mobile satellite communication (SatCom) system, it is unclear so far whether the 5G new radio (5G-NR) synchronization signals could meet the requirement of timing and frequency offset estimation in the presence of large Doppler shifts. In this paper, we investigate time and frequency synchronization for the downlink transmission of 5G-NR signals over LEO satellite channels. Starting from the maximum log-likelihood criterion for timing offset estimation given the observation of the received primary synchronization signals (PSS), we derive an upper bound of the objective function for simplicity. With a priori information that the maximum Doppler shift of LEO satellite-ground link is within a specific range, we construct the local synchronization sequence via using the modulated discrete prolate spheroidal sequences (DPSS) vectors. Then the timing offset estimation can be recast into a one-dimensional peak search problem. Moreover, the cyclic prefix (CP) structure of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can be utilized to improve the estimation performance further. Once the timing and frequency offset are captured in the above initial synchronization phase, the tracking synchronization can be much simplified as the variation of both the timing and frequency offset is very small between two adjacent synchronization blocks. Simulation results show that by using the proposed algorithms, the 5G-NR signals can achieve near optimal downlink time and frequency synchronization in typical LEO SatCom systems.
Dielectric characterization of printed circuit board substrates (1990)

The design and quality assurance of high-speed digital systems require a fast and accurate method for the electrical characterization of printed circuit substrates. A novel technique is presented for measuring the dielectric properties of such substrates based on the measured scattering parameters of a transmission line. The method is broadband, determines the effective permittivity and loss tangent, and is compatible with existing substrate quality assurance schemes. Comparisons with alternative permittivity characterization techniques are presented. Results of this technique compare favorably with those of the coaxial reflection and strip resonator methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shearography versus Holography in Nondestructive Evaluation (1986)

The demands for greater product quality and product reliability has created a need for better techniques of nondestructive evaluation. Each of the available techniques including ultrasonic, acoustical emissions, radiography, thermography, magnetic particles, eddy current, dye penetrant, and optical methods such as holography and shearography has its unique advantages and disadvantages. The selection of one technique depends on the particular objective of the evaluation. When selecting a technique, it is important to have a sound knowledge of the capabilities as well as limitations of each technique. This paper will give a thorough review of two major optical methods of nondestructive testing: holography and shearography.
Birnessite as Possible Candidate for Hybrid Carbon/MnO2 Electrochemical Capacitor (2008)

Birnessite form of manganese dioxide has been investigated as possible electrode material for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. It has been shown that this material exhibits partial sodium cations/protons intercalation which provides pseudo-capacitance leading to a stable value of 145 F/g on 1100 cycles. The use of Mg-doped Na-birnessite as positive electrode of a hybrid carbon/MnO2 electrochemical supercapacitor has also shown an interesting capacitance of 0.12 F, stable on 17000 cycles.
Effect of Oxytocin Receptor and β2-Adrenoceptor Blockade on Myometrial Oxytocin Receptors in Parturient Rats1 (1999)

It has been proposed that the rise in myometrial oxytocin receptor (OTR) concentrations at term triggers parturition. In the present study, we have shown that in vivo infusion of the beta2-adrenoceptor (beta2AR) antagonist ICI-118.551 in late pregnant rats prevents the rise in myometrial OTR binding normally seen during delivery. A reduced contractile responsiveness of uterine strips isolated from rats in labor when challenged with oxytocin (OT) and a slight shortening of gestation accompanied this effect. OTR mRNA levels were, however, unaltered after the treatment, suggesting that the effect of beta2AR blockade on myometrial OTR was posttranscriptional or due to influences on extra-myometrial tissue. Infusion of the OTR antagonist atosiban down-regulated OTR binding sites in the parturient myometrium and resulted in an impaired contractile response to OT without affecting gestational length. OTR gene expression did not change, as seen from unchanged OTR mRNA values. Neither atosiban nor ICI-118.551 infusions alone changed fetal mortality. A significant increase in the incidence of fetal deaths was found, however, when rats were treated with a combination of atosiban and ICI-118.551. This treatment also down-regulated myometrial OTR and weakened the contractile response to OT, but it did not change gestational length. We conclude that the timing and onset of a normal parturition as well as a favorable outcome seem to be independent of a rise in OTR. This fact cannot exclude the possibility that an increase in OTR is of importance in the genesis of preterm labor. We suggest that beta2 stimulation up-regulates OTR during delivery. This effect may partly be responsible for the tachyphylaxis seen after the use of beta2 agonists to control preterm labor. We further suggest that OTR stimulation up-regulates OTR during labor. The OTR down-regulation seen after atosiban treatment adds to the direct relaxing effect of atosiban on the myometrium. In view of this, atosiban may prove to be a more useful tocolytic than the traditionally used beta2 agonists.
Fuzzy pattern classification using feedforward neural networks with multilevel hidden neurons (2002)

This paper introduces feedforward neural networks inherently capable of fuzzy classification of non-sparse or overlapping pattern classes. These networks are unique in that the hidden layers consist of multilevel neurons. The multilevel hidden neurons allow the networks to learn the fuzziness in the input data and also to minimize the within-class variances. The performance of the proposed networks over an overlapping pattern set is compared with that of conventional feedforward networks trained for crisp classification and those trained for fuzzy classification. The results show that the proposed networks reduce misclassification errors and have considerably better generalization ability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Selective and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of 2-Phenylaminothiazolines (2010)

A series of 2-phenylaminothiazolines have been prepared from the corresponding N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-phenylthioureas under mild reaction conditions using either thio-CDI (1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole) or CDI (1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole) to promote the cyclization. This protocol provides the desired cyclization products in good yield with excellent selectivity. The scope and selectivity of this methodology are also described.
Role of antioxidant additives in the protection of the cryopreserved semen against free radicals (2010)

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the addition of antioxidants (vitamin E and cysteine) to freezing media on standard qualitative parameters (motility, viability, HOST) and oxidative parameters (lipid peroxidation) of frozen-thawed ram semen. Ejaculate samples were collected with artificial vagina from 2 adult Merino Palas rams, during normal reproduction season (October- December 2009) and diluted with a Tris-base extender containing vitamin E (1mM), cysteine (10mM) and without antioxidants (control). Diluted semen was cooled to 4 o C and frozen in 0.25 ml straws, prior to being stored in liquid nitrogen. Semen parameters were investigated after thawing. The lipid peroxidation level was examined by measuring the production of malondialdehyde using the thiobarbituric acid method. The results show that both vitamin E and cysteine increased the percentage of sperm motility and viability (p<0.05), but reduced the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level. A significant negative correlation was observed between the percentage of motile spermatozoa and the LPO level (p<0.05).
A Novel Brain Penetrant NPS Receptor Antagonist, NCGC00185684, Blocks Alcohol-Induced ERK-Phosphorylation in the Central Amygdala and Decreases Operant Alcohol Self-Administration in Rats (2013)

The Neuropeptide S receptor, a Gs/Gq-coupled GPCR expressed in brain regions involved in mediating drug reward, has recently emerged as a candidate therapeutic target in addictive disorders. Here, we describe the in vitro and in vivo pharmacology of a novel, selective and brain penetrant NPSR antagonist with nanomolar affinity for the NPSR, NCGC00185684. In vitro, NCGC00185684 shows biased antagonist properties, and preferentially blocks ERK-phosphorylation over intracellular cAMP or calcium responses to NPS. In vivo, systemic NCGC00185684 blocks alcohol-induced ERK-phosphorylation in the rat central amygdala, a region involved in regulation of alcohol intake. NCGC00185684 also decreases operant alcohol self-administration, and lowers motivation for alcohol reward as measured using progressive ratio responding. These effects are behaviorally specific, in that they are observed at doses that do not influence locomotor activity or reinstatement responding following extinction. Together, these data provide an initial validation of the NPSR as a therapeutic target in alcoholism.
Structural specificity of heparin binding in the fibroblast growth factor family of proteins (2003)

Heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) mediate a wide variety of complex biological processes by specifically binding proteins and modulating their biological activity. One of the best studied model systems for protein-HSGAG interactions is the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of molecules, and recent observations have demonstrated that the specificity of a given FGF ligand binding to its cognate receptor (FGFR) is mediated by distinct tissue-specific HSGAG sequences. Although it has been known that sulfate and carboxylate groups in the HSGAG chain play a key role by interacting with basic residues on the proteins, there is little understanding of how these ionic interactions provide the necessary specificity for protein binding. In this study, using all of the available crystal structures of different FGFs and FGF-HSGAG complexes, we show that in addition to the ionic interactions, optimal van der Waals contact between the HSGAG oligosaccharide and the protein is also very important in influencing the specificity of FGF-HSGAG interactions. Although the overall helical structure is maintained in the FGF-bound HSGAG compared with unbound HSGAG, we observe distinct changes in the backbone torsion angles of the oligosaccharide chain induced upon protein binding. These changes result in local deviations in the helical axis that provide optimal ionic and van der Waals contact with the protein. A specific conformation and topological arrangement of the HSGAG-binding loops of FGF, on the other hand, impose structural constraints that induce the local deviations in the HSGAG structure, thereby enabling maximum contact between HSGAG and the protein.
Anti-Inflammatory Role of MicroRNA-146a in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy (2015)

Inflammation has a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). MicroRNAs have recently emerged as important regulators of DN. However, the role of microRNAs in the regulation of inflammation during DN is poorly understood. Here, we examined the in vivo role of microRNA-146a (miR-146a), a known anti-inflammatory microRNA, in the pathogenesis of DN. In a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, miR-146a(-/-) mice showed significantly exacerbated proteinuria, renal macrophage infiltration, glomerular hypertrophy, and fibrosis relative to the respective levels in control wild-type mice. Diabetes-induced upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes was significantly greater in the kidneys of miR-146a(-/-) than in the kidneys of wild-type mice. Notably, miR-146a expression increased in both peritoneal and intrarenal macrophages in diabetic wild-type mice. Mechanistically, miR-146a deficiency during diabetes led to increased expression of M1 activation markers and suppression of M2 markers in macrophages. Concomitant with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, markers of inflammasome activation also increased in the macrophages of diabetic miR-146a(-/-) mice. These studies suggest that in early DN, miR-146a upregulation exerts a protective effect by downregulating target inflammation-related genes, resulting in suppression of proinflammatory and inflammasome gene activation. Loss of this protective mechanism in miR-146a(-/-) mice leads to accelerated DN. Taken together, these results identify miR-146a as a novel anti-inflammatory noncoding RNA modulator of DN.
Streptomyces marker plasmids for monitoring survival and spread of streptomycetes in soil (1991)

Plasmid constructs pNW1 through pNW6 containing a controllable xylE gene (for catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) were introduced into Streptomyces lividans strains to provide a selectable marker system. xylE functions in S. lividans under the control of bacteriophage lambda promoters lambda pL and lambda pR. Thermoregulated expression of xylE is provided through the lambda repressor cI857. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was increased 2.8-fold from plasmid construct pNW2 (lambda pL, xylE, cI857) and 9.5- and 7.4-fold from constructs pNW3 (lambda pR, xylE, cI857) and pNW5 (lambda pR, xylE, cI857), respectively, when the temperature was shifted from 28 degrees C to 37 degrees C. The stability of the constructs varied from 4.7% for pNW2 to 99.4% for pNW4 (lambda pL, xylE) over two rounds of sporulation. Marked S. lividans strains released into soil systems retained the XylE phenotype for more than 80 days, depending on the marker plasmid, when examined by a selective plating method. Furthermore, S. lividans harboring plasmid pNW5 was detectable by nucleic acid hybridization at less than 10 CFU g-1 (dry weight) of soil as mycelium and 10(3) CFU g-1 (dry weight) of soil as spores with the xylE marker DNA extracted from soil and amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction.
A novel control scheme for medium voltage drives operated by optimized pulse patterns (2015)

Tow Level- and Three Level- Voltage Source Converters are widely distributed in Medium Voltage Drives for traction and industry. Usually these converters are operated at low switching frequencies to maximize the converter power. To improve the quality of the output voltages and currents optimized pulse patterns are often applied in these applications. In recent publications a closed loop-control including a trajectory tracking method was introduced. This paper introduces a new control scheme, which enables the usage of optimized pulse patterns or PWM for low rotational speeds. It shows a linear system behavior in the complete drive operating range. Simulations and experimental results of a 4-kW drive verify the function and the excellent performance of the new control concept.
Cyclic orthogonal codes in CDMA-based asynchronous Wireless Body Area Networks (2012)

This work considers a CDMA-based Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) where multiple biosensors communicate simultaneously to a central node in an asynchronous fashion. The main goal of this paper is to present an augmentation protocol for the physical layer of the IEEE 802.15.6 specifications with focus on the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) mitigation in a proactive WBAN. The proposed methodology uses a new set of orthogonal codes from the conventional Walsh-Hadamard matrix which has the special property of “cyclic orthogonality”. This property ensures that the asynchronous nature of the WBAN does not produce MAI amongst the multiple on-body sensors. The work investigates the optimality of such codes in WBANs from the link Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. We show that the proposed spreading codes outperform conventional non-cyclic orthogonal spreading codes in a practical Rayleigh fading environment.
Visibility-based Pursuit-evasion with Limited Field of View (2006)

We study the visibility-based pursuit-evasion problem, in which one or more searchers must move through a given environment so as to guarantee detection of any and all evaders, which can move arbitrarily fast. Our goal is to develop techniques for coordinating teams of robots to execute this task in application domains such as clearing a building, for reasons of security or safety. To this end, we introduce a new class of searcher, the φ-searcher, which can be readily instantiated as a physical mobile robot. We present a detailed analysis of the pursuit-evasion problem using φ-searchers. We present the first complete search algorithm for a single φ-searcher, show how this algorithm can be extended to handle multiple searchers, and give examples of computed trajectories.
An MPEG-4 Twin-VQ based high quality audio codec design (2002)

This paper presents a high quality audio codec design based on a transform-domain weighted interleave vector quantization (Twin-VQ) scheme adopted in the MPEG-4 audio standard. Three novel techniques are employed in this scheme to compress the data, ie, (1) flattening of MDCT coefficients by the spectrum of linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients; (2) further flattening of MDCT coefficients by the Bark envelope; and (3) weighted interleave vector quantization. This paper examines the related design issues in implementing an efficient Twin-VQ codec. Fast computation algorithms are derived for the computationally intensive modules. Design parameters of each module are determined and the codebooks for weighted interleave vector quantization are constructed. Experimental results show that the designed codec can compress natural audio efficiently and reproduce high quality outputs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Carbon Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the ideal Boson ground state of excitons in two dimensions in a strong magnetic field (1985)

Lerner et Lozovik ont montre que des excitons confines dans 2 dimensions dans un fort champ magnetique ont un etat fondamental de caractere de Bose ideal. L'origine de ce resultat est discutee en considerant l'annulation des elements de matrice de l'interaction reliant l'etat fondamental aux autres etats excites
The requirements for device integration and the current status (2009)

“Device integration” is the one of the hot topics in the automation world. The technology wants to use the open digital field network as a base technology. This paper reviews the concept of “Device integration” and considers the next step.
A GENERALIZATION OF THE KNAPSACK ALGORITHM USING GALOIS FIELDS (1984)

The authors suggest a generalization of the knapsack method proposed by Merkle and Hellman for the encryption of data.