gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A performance study of BitTorrent-like peer-to-peer systems (2007)

This paper presents a performance study of BitTorrent-like P2P systems by modeling, based on extensive measurements and trace analysis. Existing studies on BitTorrent systems are single-torrent based and usually assume the process of request arrivals to a torrent is Poisson-like. However, in reality, most BitTorrent peers participate in multiple torrents and file popularity changes over time. Our study of representative BitTorrent traffic provides insights into the evolution of single-torrent systems and several new findings regarding the limitations of BitTorrent systems: (1) Due to the exponentially decreasing peer arrival rate in a torrent, the service availability of the corresponding file becomes poor quickly, and eventually it is hard to locate and download this file. (2) Client performance in the BitTorrent-like system is unstable, and fluctuates significantly with the changes of the number of online peers. (3) Existing systems could provide unfair services to peers, where a peer with a higher downloading speed tends to download more and upload less. Motivated by the analysis and modeling results, we have further proposed a graph based model to study interactions among multiple torrents. Our model quantitatively demonstrates that inter-torrent collaboration is much more effective than stimulating seeds to serve longer for addressing the service unavailability in BitTorrent systems. An architecture for inter-torrent collaboration under an exchange based instant incentive mechanism is also discussed and evaluated by simulations.
Mucoid <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in cystic fibrosis: signal transduction and histone‐like elements in the regulation of bacterial virulence (1991)

The profuse production of the exopolysaccharide alginate results in mucoidy, a critical virulence factor expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis. Studies of the regulation of this pathogenic determinant have unravelled at least two levels of control, including bacterial signal transduction systems and histone-like elements. Although only in its initial phase, an understanding of the dual control of mucoidy may help to illuminate adaptive processes that depend on the combination of these regulatory factors. Integration of specific signals transduced by the two-component systems with inputs generated by the general state of bacterial nucleoids may govern the expression of certain virulence determinants and provide a framework facilitating selection of phenotypes successful under particular environmental conditions and selective pressures.
Band-selective interferer rejection for cognitive receiver protection (2013)

The concept for a new, frequency-selective limiting filter is presented. This is accomplished by placing a phase change vanadium dioxide (VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) film at the proper node of the filter. When the high-powered microwave signal reaches a certain threshold, the VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> undergoes a phase transition from the monoclinic “insulator state” to the tetragonal “metallic state”. This crystallographic change is accompanied by a 3 order of magnitude drop in the film's resistivity, and creates a short circuit at a section of the filter, changing a pole to a zero, and rejecting further undesirable high-powered signals from damaging sensitive receiver components. This paper details the design and simulation of the filter, along with measurement results from VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films and the filter element. This filter element begins rejecting at about 2 W input power, with isolation of over 16 dB to over 23 W input power, and is unaffected by an out-of band interferer of over 25 W. The architecture presented allows for filter banks capable of automatically-rejecting interferers, yet allowing signals of interest to pass.
Chromatic Dispersion Compensated Multimode Fibers for Data Communications (2011)

Chromatic dispersion of 50µm multi-mode fibers will ultimately limit the reach and/or the speed of data communications. We propose and validate a new criterion that quantifies how chromatic dispersion can be compensated by modal dispersion in specifically designed fibers.
LP‐D: <i>Late‐News Poster:</i> High‐Efficiency LCD Projection Displays with Novel Thin‐Film Polarizing Beam Splitters (1998)

Abstract A novel high performance thin film polarizing beam‐splitter (PBS) has been invented and demonstrated. This PBS is non‐absorbing and has a broadband, wide angular field and high extinction ratios for both reflected and transmitted beams. Significant brightness enhancement is observed in two prototype high efficiency LCD projection displays based on this PBS.
On adaptive pre-fetching and caching the contents in content centric networking (2016)

In the initial proposal of Content Centric Networking (CCN), routers store all passing contents (a content composed of several segments). So, in the best case, the routers provide the contents directly to the users when the requested contents are stored in its cache. In the worst case, the requested content is just only located at the original server which is faraway from the current Autonomous System. Thus, the delay to get all the segments of requested content may be very high and users' Quality of Experience will be very low. In this paper, we propose a scheme to reduce the delay to get the contents, improve the cache hit and also reduce the hit distance. Core routers store only one copy of the contents and also forward the requests cooperatively. Then, as the main proposal the per-fetching algorithm is proposed at the access routers, in order to fetch the locally popular content(s) before requested by the users. We have intensively evaluated the performance of our proposed scheme by using the chunk-level simulator. We have shown in the simulation results that our proposal's performance is better than the other similar proposals.
Mercury dosing solutions for fluorescent lamps (2008)

A review of the different technologies used to dose mercury in fluorescent lamps is presented. Conventional liquid mercury dosing is gradually being replaced with more reliable and environmentally friendly solutions that enable a significant reduction of the amount of mercury introduced in the lamp, so as to cope with more stringent regulations issued to minimize the environmental impact of exhausted lamps. This paper will review the most advanced novel methods to assure an accurate and fine dosing of mercury in fluorescent lamps, especially focusing on solutions based on the use of solid alloys.
In-vitro activity of dicationic aromatic compounds and fluconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida spp. (1999)

We investigated the in-vitro activity of three selected dicationic aromatic compounds for nine clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and 93 clinical isolates of Candida spp., representing 12 different species, using a broth macrodilution method following NCCLS recommendations. All the clinical isolates were also tested for fluconazole susceptibility. The in-vitro data demonstrate that compounds 39 and 57 have excellent in-vitro activity for all tested strains (MIC 0.19-1.56 mg/L) except Candida pelliculosa. Moreover, compound 39 showed excellent in-vitro fungicidal activity against Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida lusitaniae and Cryptococcus neoformans with MFCs in the range 0.39-6.25 mg/L. Both compounds 39 and 57 showed excellent in-vitro activity against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolates, including a C. albicans strain that contains all known fluconazole-resistant mechanisms. Comparing MIC data from compounds 21, 39 and 57 with fluconazole, we found a statistically significant difference only with compound 39 (P = 0.043). However, comparing MFC data from compounds 21, 39 and 57 with fluconazole, we found statistically significant differences with all three compounds (P < 0.00001). These data indicate the potential antifungal breadth of two bis-benzimidazoles (compounds 39 and 57) as antifungal agents against yeasts. If it can be determined that compounds 39 and 57 are effective and non-toxic in vivo, the prospect of these compounds as clinically useful antifungal agents will be enhanced.
Development of the selective hydrophobic coagulation process. Fourth quarterly technical progress report, July 1, 1992--September 30, 1992 (1992)

A novel technique for selectively coagulating and separating coal from dispersed mineral matter has been developed at Virginia Tech. The process, Selective Hydrophobic Coagulation (SHC), has been studied since 1986 under the sponsorship of the US Department of Energy. The SHC process differs from oil agglomeration, shear or polymer flocculation, and electrolytic coagulation processes in that it does not require reagents or additives to induce the formation of coagula. In most cases, simple pH control is all that is required to (i) induce the coagulation of coal particles and (ii) effectively disperse particles of mineral matter. If the coal is oxidized, a small dosage of reagents can be used to enhance the process. The technical work program was initiated on July 1, 1992. Force-distance curves were generated for DDOA Br-coated mica surfaces in water and used to calculate hydrophobicity constants and decay lengths for this system; and a new device for the measurement of water contact angles, similar to the Wilhelmy plate balance, has been built 225 kg samples of Pittsburgh No. 8 and Elkhom No. 3 seam coals were obtained; a static mixer test facility for the study of coagula growth was set up and was undergoing shakedown tests at the end of the quarter; a bench-scale lamella thickener was being constructed; and preliminary coagula/ mineral separation tests were being conducted in a bench-scale continuous drum filter.
Characterization of rubella virus-specific antibody responses by using a new synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1992)

Rubella virus (RV)-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques in sera from RV (RA 27/3)-vaccinated individuals, patients experiencing natural RV infection, congenital rubella syndrome patients, and individuals failing to respond to repeated RV immunization. Results obtained by using whole-RV ELISAs (detergent-solubilized M33 strain or intact Gilchrist strain) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralization (NT) assays were compared with results obtained with the same sera by using ELISAs employing a synthetic peptide, BCH-178, representing a putative neutralization domain on the RV E1 protein. Murine RV E1-specific monoclonal antibodies with HAI and NT activities exhibited strong reactivity in ELISAs with BCH-178 peptide. In sera from RA 27/3-vaccinated individuals collected at 0 (prevaccine), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 to 52 weeks postvaccine, the development of E1-peptide-reactive antibodies closely paralleled increases in RV-specific antibodies measured by whole-RV ELISAs and HAI and NT assays. Similarly, sequential serum samples obtained from patients during acute and convalescent phases of natural RV infection showed a coordinate increase in RV-specific antibodies as measured by whole-RV and peptide ELISAs. Conversely, congenital rubella syndrome patient sera, although exhibiting high levels of antibody in whole-RV ELISAs, had little or no antibody directed to the neutralization domain peptide. Sera from patients failing to respond to repeated RV immunization contained very low levels of RV-specific antibody in all ELISAs. Our results that the sequence represented by BCH-178 peptide may be a previously unidentified neutralization epitope for human antibodies on the RV E1 protein and may prove useful in determining effective RV immunity.
Insulin Receptor Antibody–Sulfamidase Fusion Protein Penetrates the Primate Blood–Brain Barrier and Reduces Glycosoaminoglycans in Sanfilippo Type A Cells (2014)

Mutations in the lysosomal enzyme, N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH), also called sulfamidase, cause accumulation of lysosomal inclusion bodies in the brain of children born with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA, also called Sanfilippo type A syndrome. Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant SGSH does not treat the brain because the enzyme is a large molecule drug that does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A BBB-penetrating form of SGSH was produced by re-engineering the enzyme as an IgG fusion protein, where the IgG domain is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The HIRMAb domain of the HIRMAb-SGSH fusion protein acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the fused enzyme across the BBB. The HIRMAb-SGSH was produced in stably transfected host cells and purified to homogeneity by protein A chromatography. The fusion protein reacted with antibodies against either human IgG or SGSH on Western blotting. High affinity binding to the HIR was retained following SGSH fusion to the HIRMAb, with an EC50 of 0.33 ± 0.05 nM in an HIR binding ELISA. The SGSH enzyme activity of the HIRMAb-SGSH fusion protein was 4712 ± 388 units/mg protein based on a two-step fluorometric enzyme assay. The HIRMAb-SGSH was taken up by lysosomes in MPSIIIA fibroblasts, and treatment of these cells with the fusion protein caused an 83% reduction in sulfate incorporation into lysosomal glycosoaminoglycans. The HIRMAb-SGSH fusion protein was radiolabeled with the [(125)I]-Bolton-Hunter reagent and injected intravenously in the Rhesus monkey. The brain uptake of the fusion protein was high, ∼1% injected dose/brain. Calculations, based on this level of brain uptake, suggest normalization of brain SGSH enzyme activity is possible following administration of therapeutic doses of the fusion protein. These studies describe a novel IgG-SGSH fusion protein that is a new noninvasive treatment of the brain in MPS type IIIA.
Hyperspectral interferometry for single-shot absolute measurement of 3-D shape and displacement fields (2010)

We propose a method that we call Hyperspectral Interferometry (HSI) to resolve the 2π phase unwrapping problem in the analysis of interferograms recorded with a narrow-band light source. By using a broad-band light source and hyperspectral imaging system, a set of interferograms at different wavenumbers are recorded simultaneously on a high resolution image sensor. These are then assembled to form a three-dimensional intensity distribution. By Fourier transformation along the wavenumber axis, an absolute optical path difference is obtained for each pixel independently of the other pixels in the field of view. As a result, interferograms with spatially distinct regions are analysed as easily as continuous ones. The approach is illustrated with a HSI system to measure 3-D profiles of optically smooth or rough surfaces. Compared to existing profilometers able to measure absolute path differences, the single shot nature of the approach provides greater immunity from environmental disturbance.
A Novel Modular Multilevel Converter Based Power Electronic Transformer With Integrated Switching Pairs (2022)

This paper proposes a novel topology in the family of modular multilevel converter based power electronic transformers (MMC-PETs). Different from the existing MMC-PE Ts, an integrated switching pairs (ISP) is used as the new submodule of MMC, which is responsible for both the input and intermediate stages of PET. In other words, both two power conversion stages share a pair of switches. Therefore, compared with the traditional MMC-PET, two IGBTs and two diodes can be saved. Furthermore, a hybrid frequency modulation strategy is proposed for this new ISP-MMC-PET topology, which is able to achieve separation of high and low frequency modulation signals without using frequency selection networks. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed ISP-MMC-PET and the corresponding hybrid frequency modulation strategy.
Solid sampling graphite fibre felt electrothermal atomic fluorescence spectrometry with tungsten coil atomic trap for the determination of cadmium in food samples (2010)

A new solid sampling device and procedure for determination of trace cadmium in food samples by atomic fluorescence spectrometry was developed, which made use of a graphite fibre felt (GFF) as the vaporizer and a tungsten-coil (TC) as the cadmium trap. The procedure was optimized by changing temperature and gas atmosphere at vaporizing, trapping and releasing steps respectively. Under optimized conditions, cadmium in solid sample was vaporized with the matrix by GFF at about 1600 °C, then separated from the matrix by trapping on the TC at room temperature; finally, cadmium was released from TC at 2000 °C and directly determined by a non-dispersion atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS) without extra atomization. The detection limit (DL) of this procedure was shown to be 30 ng L−1 (0.3 pg); the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5% at 10 μg L−1 (100 pg); and no significant interference was found within a 10% error range. The recoveries for some certified reference materials and the spiked recoveries for some food samples were all satisfied. Furthermore, the mechanism of this procedure was interpreted.
Displacement-Invariant Cost Computation for Stereo Matching (2022)

Abstract Although deep learning-based methods have dominated stereo matching leaderboards by yielding unprecedented disparity accuracy, their inference time is typically slow, i.e. , less than 4 FPS for a pair of 540p images. The main reason is that the leading methods employ time-consuming 3D convolutions applied to a 4D feature volume. A common way to speed up the computation is to downsample the feature volume, but this loses high-frequency details. To overcome these challenges, we propose a displacement-invariant cost computation module to compute the matching costs without needing a 4D feature volume. Rather, costs are computed by applying the same 2D convolution network on each disparity-shifted feature map pair independently. Unlike previous 2D convolution-based methods that simply perform context mapping between inputs and disparity maps, our proposed approach learns to match features between the two images. We also propose an entropy-based refinement strategy to refine the computed disparity map, which further improves the speed by avoiding the need to compute a second disparity map on the right image. Extensive experiments on standard datasets (SceneFlow, KITTI, ETH3D, and Middlebury) demonstrate that our method achieves competitive accuracy with much less inference time. On typical image sizes ( e.g. , $$540\times 960$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>540</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mn>960</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), our method processes over 100 FPS on a desktop GPU, making our method suitable for time-critical applications such as autonomous driving. We also show that our approach generalizes well to unseen datasets, outperforming 4D-volumetric methods. We will release the source code to ensure the reproducibility.
Self-Supervised Document Similarity Ranking via Contextualized Language Models and Hierarchical Inference (2021)

We present a novel model for the problem of ranking a collection of documents according to their semantic similarity to a source (query) document. While the problem of document-todocument similarity ranking has been studied, most modern methods are limited to relatively short documents or rely on the existence of "ground-truth" similarity labels. Yet, in most common real-world cases, similarity ranking is an unsupervised problem as similarity labels are unavailable. Moreover, an ideal model should not be restricted by documents' length. Hence, we introduce SDR, a self-supervised method for document similarity that can be applied to documents of arbitrary length. Importantly, SDR can be effectively applied to extremely long documents, exceeding the 4, 096 maximal token limit of Longformer. Extensive evaluations on large documents datasets show that SDR significantly outperforms its alternatives across all metrics. To accelerate future research on unlabeled long document similarity ranking, and as an additional contribution to the community, we herein publish two humanannotated test-sets of long documents similarity evaluation. The SDR code and datasets are publicly available 1 .
Wideband RF channelizer based on parametric combs (2015)

RF photonic channelizers can overcome limitations of conventional electronic methods for analysis of wideband RF spectral content. Here, we will present a recent progress on the RF photonic channelizer systems that are based on optical parametric combs. These systems can analyze very wide RF bandwidths exceeding 100GHz, therefore providing essential capability for the applications demanding a wide-bandwidth spectral analysis. The RF channelizers being presented utilize parametric processes in the highly non-linear fiber mixers to generate a large number of RF signal copies in the optical domain. Two different implementations for generation of RF signal copies will be presented and compared: one using a parametric multicasting and another utilizing a direct comb modulation. Generation of optical combs spanning more than 10THz will be shown. We will also present two distinct system architectures for RF photonic channelizer system: one employing a periodic optical filter such as Fabry-Perot etalon to select channels from the signal comb, and another one utilizing a coherent detection between a frequency-locked signal comb and a parametrically generated local oscillator (LO) comb. The second scheme gives benefit of providing both in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) information on channelized intermediate frequency (IF) signals. We will present a system with 32 implemented channels using a filtered scheme and a 32-channel coherent system with a full-field detection implemented on one tunable channel. Sensitivity and dynamic range as well as benefits of both system architectures will be discussed.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver tumors by oligonucleotide expression profiling (2001)

In this study, genes that can be involved in the production of and maintenance of hepatic carcinomas were identified. These data offer new insight into genes that are potentially important in the pathogenesis of liver carcinoma, as well as additional targets for new strategies for cancer therapy and treatment.
Lightning protection of overhead lines by multi-chamber arresters and insulator-arresters (2010)

Reported are results of research and development of multi-chamber arresters and insulators that combine characteristics of insulators and arresters. The devices permit to protect overhead power lines rated at 3 to 35 kV and above against induced overvoltages and direct lightning strokes without using shield wire.
A preliminary architecture for a basic data-flow processor (1975)

A processor is described which can achieve highly parallel execution of programs represented in data-flow form. The language implemented incorporates conditional and iteration mechanisms, and the processor is a step toward a practical data-flow processor for a Fortran-level data-flow language. The processor has a unique architecture which avoids the problems of processor switching and memory/processor interconnecion that usually limit the degree of realizable concurrent processing. The architecture offers an unusual solution to the problem of structuring and managing a two-level memory system.