gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser photochemical synthesis of benzene and its derivatives. [Substituted benzenes] (1983)

A cw CO/sub 2/ tunable laser is employed to irradiate an allyl halide selected from allyl chloride, allyl bromide, allyl fluoride, 2-methyl-3-chloropropene, and 2,3-dichloropropene and contained in one or more reaction cells at a predetermined pressure. A predetermined power level from about 25 to 150 watts, an irradiating time from about 0.2 second to about 60 seconds, and a selected radiation line for example P(36), P(32), P(26), or P(22) (that is resonant with an absorption band of the selected allyl halide) are employed to achieve dissociation of the selected allyl halide and to achieve a laser-induced photochemical synthesis of benzene and substituted benzenes.
Integrated Microfluidic Platform for Oral Diagnostics (2007)

While many point-of-care (POC) diagnostic methods have been developed for blood-borne analytes, development of saliva-based POC diagnostics is in its infancy. We have developed a portable microfluidic device for detection of potential biomarkers of periodontal disease in saliva. The device performs rapid microfluidic chip-based immunoassays (<3-10 min) with low sample volume requirements (10 microL) and appreciable sensitivity (nM-pM). Our microfluidic method facilitates hands-free saliva analysis by integrating sample pretreatment (filtering, enrichment, mixing) with electrophoretic immunoassays to quickly measure analyte concentrations in minimally pretreated saliva samples. The microfluidic chip has been integrated with miniaturized electronics, optical elements, such as diode lasers, fluid-handling components, and data acquisition software to develop a portable, self-contained device. The device and methods are being tested by detecting potential biomarkers in saliva samples from patients diagnosed with periodontal disease. Our microchip-based analysis can readily be extended to detection of biomarkers of other diseases, both oral and systemic, in saliva and other oral fluids.
Long-term safety and disease control with ruxolitinib cream in atopic dermatitis: Results from two phase 3 studies (2022)

During 44 weeks of as-needed treatment, ruxolitinib cream demonstrated effective disease control and tolerability; low ruxolitinib plasma concentrations alongside safety findings reflecting known risk factors suggest physiologically meaningful systemic Janus kinase inhibition is highly unlikely.
Processing And Inversion Techniques For Multicomponent Induction Log Data (2001)

In this paper we present advanced processing and<br>inversion techniques to derive horizontal and vertical<br>formation resistivities from multicomponent<br>induction log data. This newly developed induction<br>logging tool (3DEXSM) is designed to identify and to<br>delineate productive low-resistivity reservoirs<br>frequently encountered in hydrocarbon exploration.<br>An example of such a reservoir is a finely laminated<br>sand/shale sequence of which the sand laminae can<br>contain hydrocarbons found in deep water<br>environments. These reservoirs exhibit electrical<br>anisotropy, i.e., the resistivities parallel and<br>perpendicular to bedding are different and cannot be<br>accurately delineated by conventional induction<br>instruments with their transmitter and receiver<br>orientation parallel to the borehole axis. However, the<br>new multicomponent transmitter-receiver<br>configuration provides direct measurements to derive<br>both horizontal and vertical resistivity that allows<br>evaluation of the hydrocarbon bearing sand laminae.<br>The tool is comprised of three mutually orthogonal<br>induction transmitter-receiver configurations yielding<br>all necessary data to derive the horizontal and vertical<br>resistivities of the formation.<br>In this paper, we introduce various processing and<br>inversion techniques such as real-time data<br>processing, shoulder bed and borehole correction<br>schemes, an automatic ‘thin-layer’ inversion scheme,<br>and an efficient ‘pseudo 2-D’ inversion algorithm.<br>We demonstrate the performance of these<br>interpretation techniques on synthetic and field data sets.
Patterned Plastics That Change Physical Structure in Response to Applied Chemical Signals (2010)

This Communication describes a strategy for designing stimuli-responsive plastics that are capable of responding to chemical signals in the environment by changing shape. The plastics consist of patterned mixtures of poly(phthalaldehyde) polymers in which each polymer contains a different end-capping group, or "trigger". Each polymer within the plastic is capable of responding to a different signal and depolymerizing once the signal reacts with the trigger. This process of depolymerization enables the plastic to alter its physical features quickly and with a magnitude that depends on the length of the responsive polymer.
Design aspects of a 4 Mbit 0.18 μm 1T1MTJ toggle MRAM memory (2004)

A 4 Mbit "Toggle" MRAM, built in 0.18 micron five level metal CMOS technology, using a 1.55 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ bitcell with a single toggling magneto tunnel junction is described. The "Toggle" memory uses unidirectional programming currents controlled by switched local mirror circuits to achieve robust write operation. The isolated read architecture supports a 25 ns asynchronous cycle time operation, driven by balanced three input current mirror sense amplifiers.
Distributed frequent hierarchical pattern mining for robust and efficient large-scale association discovery (2017)

Frequent pattern mining is a classic data mining technique, generally applicable to a wide range of application domains, and a mature area of research. The fundamental challenge arises from the combinatorial nature of frequent itemsets, scaling exponentially with respect to the number of unique items. Apriori-based and FPTree-based algorithms have dominated the space thus far. Initial phases of this research relied on the Apriori algorithm and utilized a distributed computing environment; we proposed the Cartesian Scheduler to manage Apriori's candidate generation process. To address the limitation of bottom-up frequent pattern mining algorithms such as Apriori and FPGrowth, we propose the Frequent Hierarchical Pattern Tree (FHPTree): a tree structure and new frequent pattern mining paradigm. The classic problem is redefined as frequent hierarchical pattern mining where the goal is to detect frequent maximal pattern covers. Under the proposed paradigm, compressed representations of maximal patterns are mined using a top-down FHPTree traversal, FHPGrowth, which detects large patterns before their subsets, thus yielding significant reductions in computation time. The FHPTree memory footprint is small; the number of nodes in the structure scales linearly with respect to the number of unique items. Additionally, the FHPTree serves as a persistent, dynamic data structure to index frequent patterns and enable efficient searches. When the search space is exponential, efficient targeted mining capabilities are paramount; this is one of the key contributions of the FHPTree. This dissertation will demonstrate the performance of FHPGrowth, achieving a 300x speed up over state-of-the-art maximal pattern mining algorithms and approximately a 2400x speedup when utilizing FHPGrowth in a distributed computing environment. In addition, we allude to future research opportunities, and suggest various modifications to further optimize the FHPTree and FHPGrowth. Moreover, the methods we offer will have an impact on other data mining research areas including contrast set mining as well as spatial and temporal mining.
Designing Integrated Fuzzy Guidance Law for Aerodynamic Homing Missiles Using Genetic Algorithms (2010)

The Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is well-known for robustness to parameter variations and ability to reject noise. However, its design requires definition of many parameters. This work proposes a systematic and simple procedure to develop an integrated fuzzy-based guidance law which consists of three FLC. Each is activated in a region of the interception. Another fuzzy-based switching system is introduced to allow smooth transition between these controllers. The parameters of all the fuzzy controllers, which include the distribution of the membership functions and the rules, are obtained simply by observing the function of each controller. Furthermore, these parameters are tuned by genetic algorithms by solving an optimization problem to minimize the interception time, missile acceleration commands, and miss distance. The simulation results show that the proposed procedure can generate a guidance law with satisfactory performance.
System Estimates Radius of Curvature of a Segmented Mirror (2008)

A system that estimates the global radius of curvature (GRoC) of a segmented telescope mirror has been developed for use as one of the subsystems of a larger system that exerts precise control over the displacements of the mirror segments. This GRoC-estimating system, when integrated into the overall control system along with a mirror-segment- actuation subsystem and edge sensors (sensors that measure displacements at selected points on the edges of the segments), makes it possible to control the GROC mirror-deformation mode, to which mode contemporary edge sensors are insufficiently sensitive. This system thus makes it possible to control the GRoC of the mirror with sufficient precision to obtain the best possible image quality and/or to impose a required wavefront correction on incoming or outgoing light. In its mathematical aspect, the system utilizes all the information available from the edge-sensor subsystem in a unique manner that yields estimates of all the states of the segmented mirror. The system does this by exploiting a special set of mirror boundary conditions and mirror influence functions in such a way as to sense displacements in degrees of freedom that would otherwise be unobservable by means of an edge-sensor subsystem, all without need to augment the edge-sensor system with additional metrological hardware. Moreover, the accuracy of the estimates increases with the number of mirror segments.
Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System (2003)

The Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Tritium Systems Group has developed and fabricated an Oxidative Tritium Decontamination System (OTDS), which is designed to reduce tritium surface contamination on various components and items. The system is configured to introduce gaseous ozone into a reaction chamber containing tritiated items that require a reduction in tritium surface contamination. Tritium surface contamination (on components and items in the reaction chamber) is removed by chemically reacting elemental tritium to tritium oxide via oxidation, while purging the reaction chamber effluent to a gas holding tank or negative pressure HVAC system. Implementing specific concentrations of ozone along with catalytic parameters, the system is able to significantly reduce surface tritium contamination on an assortment of expendable and non-expendable items. This paper will present the results of various experimentation involving employment of this system.
<title>Fiber optic sensor probe for in-situ surface-enhanced Raman monitoring</title> (1991)

In this paper we report on the development of a fiberoptic sensor using a new detection method based on the Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technique. The SERS effect is based on recent experimental observations which have indicated enhancement of the Raman scattering efficiency by factors up to 108 when a compound is adsorbed on rough metallic surfaces having submicron protrusions. In this report we describe the development of the SERS probes for in situ remote sensing.
Optimization Treatment Planning for Interstitial Brachytherapy Using the Adjoint Transport Method (2001)

Permanent radioactive seed implantation (interstitial brachytherapy) is becoming the preferred method of treating prostate cancers. The main goal of the treatment is to deliver a conformal dose to the tumor while simultaneously minimizing the dose to the normal tissue and sensitive tissue structures. The treatment plan determines the number of seeds, their embedded positions, and the dose delivered to the tissue by photons emitted from the seeds. This study adopts the adjoint method to calculate dose and mixed integer programming (MIP) to optimize the dose to regions of interest for the permanent implantation of {sup 125}I radioactive source seeds for prostate cancers.
Hollow anode ion–electron source (1984)

A new type of ion–electron source, based on a gas discharge in a diode with concave cathode and a special type of hollow anode, is presented. In this type of discharge, the maximum plasma density is localized at the exit aperture. Constant hydrogen ion currents in excess of 1 mA have been obtained with a 1-mm-diam exit aperture and an extraction voltage of 3 kV. The power supplied to the source, whose volume is less than 0.5 cm3, is only a few watts.
Generalisation of an array-failure-correction method (1998)

Array-element failure can seriously degrade the sidelobe pattern of a high-performance array, and methods to compensate element failures therefore are important. One recent method considers an array with M signals incident from known directions, and processes the received signals from a select set of M contiguous operative array elements to reconstruct missing element signals. The method works well for known signal directions but can lead to large spurious responses in other directions. The method is reformulated and generalised to utilise all operative elements in the array, and thereby reduce the spurious responses. Finally, an estimate for the ultimate pattern error is derived.
Accuracy of subject-specific prediction of end-systolic time in MRI across a range of RR intervals (2017)

Personalization of cardiac model to the subject is feasible in MRI and reduces the error of prediction of systole.
X ray focusing using square channel-capillary arrays (1990)

A class of imaging, condensing, and collimating devices for x rays is investigated which is based on the use of an array of small channels of square cross section. The focusing and collimating effect arises from external reflection of near‐grazing‐incidence rays at the interior channel surfaces. Rays are redirected by being singly reflected from two orthogonal channel surfaces and are imaged from a source point to a square region with a side length MT+1 times that of the channel side length, where MT is the transverse magnification. The image and source locations are related by a thin‐lens formula. The point spread function and the efficiency of these focusing devices are calculated. Two energy regimes with different channel reflectivity characteristics are examined in detail: the hard x‐ray regime (E>8 keV) and the soft x‐ray regime (E<200 eV). For these cases the efficiency of focusing x rays depends only on the channel aspect ratio and reflectivity parameters. A discussion is made of channel plates of ...
Homogeneous photonic integration of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers with low-loss passive waveguides on an InP platform (2019)

Mid-infrared (mid-IR, λ≈3–12  μm) photonic integrated circuits on low-loss passive waveguide platforms are of significant interest for a wide range of mid-IR applications. Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are currently the only room-temperature electrically pumped semiconductor light sources that can operate in a continuous-wave at room temperature over the entire mid-IR spectral range. Given very high thermal dissipation in QCL active regions, achieving long-term reliability and continuous-wave operation of heterogeneously integrated devices on silicon platforms is challenging. Here we experimentally demonstrate homogeneous integration of mid-IR QCLs with low-loss In0.53Ga0.47As passive waveguides epitaxially grown on InP substrates. The homogeneous integration approach uses materials, growth, and processing steps nearly identical to those used for conventional high-performance mid-IR QCLs, which offers superior reliability and performance of photonic integrated circuits. Over 0.57 W of peak-pulsed optical power was coupled to the passive waveguide from a homogeneously integrated λ≈4.6  μm QCL, which represents an order of magnitude improvement in optical power compared to the best results obtained with heterogeneously integrated QCLs.
A Novel Humanized Antibody Neutralizes H5N1 Influenza Virus via Two Different Mechanisms (2015)

Recurrence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 in humans and poultry continues to be a serious public health concern. Preventive and therapeutic measures against influenza A viruses have received much interest in the context of global efforts to combat the current and future pandemics. Passive immune therapy is considered to be the most effective and economically prudent preventive strategy against influenza virus besides vaccination. It is important to develop a humanized neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) against all of the clades of H5N1. For the first time, we report in this study that a novel humanized H5 MAb binds to two types of epitopes on HA, leading to virus neutralization via two mechanisms. These findings further deepen our understanding of influenza virus neutralization.
Improvements in vehicle handling through integrated control of chassis systems (2002)

In this paper methods of improving vehicle stability and emergency handling using electronically controlled chassis systems are discussed. By analysing a simple nonlinear vehicle model in the yaw plane, it is shown that vehicles can become unstable during portions of handling manoeuvres performed at or close to the limit of adhesion. It is further demonstrated how small changes in the balance of tyre forces between front and rear axles may affect vehicle yaw moment and stability. The methods of effecting vehicle yaw dynamics using controllable brakes, steering, and suspension are discussed. Control authority of each chassis system, in terms of its ability to generate a corrective yaw moment, is evaluated and is shown to depend on the operating point of vehicle and tyres. Consequently, regions of effectiveness of each subsystem are defined, which is a prerequisite for development of integrated chassis control systems. Preliminary test results for a vehicle with integrated closed loop control of brakes and suspension, performing typical handling manoeuvres, are presented. They demonstrate the benefits of integrated control in terms of improved handling response, stability, and reduced driver steering effort.
Systems‐level analysis of xylose fermentation by experimentally‐evolved <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (981.4) (2014)

Experimental directed evolution and systems‐level analysis are powerful tools that can provide insights into the genetic regulation of biological and industrial processes. The fermentation of renewable plant biomass into cost‐effective biofuels is one such applied process. For the yeast biocatalyst, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , a major barrier to cellulosic ethanol production is its inability to rapidly ferment xylose from hemicellulose. To identify genetic factors regulating xylose fermentation, we performed directed evolution of an engineered S. cerevisiae strain on xylose and generated two evolved strains; GLBRCY127 was isolated by aerobic selection and a second was isolated from subsequent evolution of GLBRCY127 anaerobically. Metabolomic analyses between evolved and parent strains during the consumption of xylose from lab and cellulosic media suggested enhanced flux through the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and altered levels of TCA cycle intermediates. Genome sequencing and RNAseq analysis identified mutations in three genes that regulate mitochondrial function and signal transduction pathways. Importantly, deletion of these genes conferred xylose fermentation by the unevolved parental strain. This work identifies unexpected metabolic and physiological processes that limit cellulosic ethanol production and, when genetically modified, may help to realize a viable biofuels industry. Grant Funding Source : Supported by DOE BER Office of Science DE‐FC02‐07ER64494.
Inline Analysis: Beyond Selection Heuristics (2006)

Research on procedure inlining has mainly focused on heuristics that decide whether inlining a particular call-site maximizes application performance. However, other equally important aspects of inline analysis such as call-site analysis order, indirect effects of inlining, and selection of the most profitable version of a procedure warrant more attention. This paper evaluates a number of different sequences in which call-sites are examined for inlining and shows that choosing the correct order is crucial to obtaining the best run-time performance. We then present a novel, work-list-based, and updated sequence that achieves the best results. While applying cross-module inline analysis on large applications with thousands of files and millions of lines of code, we separate the analysis from the transformation phase and allow the former to work solely on summary information in order to reduce compile-time and memory consumption. A focus of this paper is to enumerate the summaries that our compiler maintains, present a technique to compute the goodness factor on which the work-list sequence is based, and describe methods to continuously update the summaries as and when a call-site is accepted for inlining. We then introduce inline specialization, a new technique that facilitates inlining into call chains selectively. The power of inline specialization lies in its ability to choose the most profitable version of the called procedure without having to maintain multiple versions at any point of time. We discuss implementation of these techniques in the HPUX Itanium/spl reg/ production compiler and present experimental results showing that a dynamic work-list based analysis order, comprehensive summary updates, and inline specialization significantly improve performance of applications.
Optimal Design Parameters for Wireless Power Transfer by Resonance Magnetic (2012)

The wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency of systems based on strongly coupled magnetic resonance (SCMR) depends on the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> -factor of the system elements, which is a function of the geometrical parameters. This letter analytically derives the equations that can be used to design optimal loop and helical elements for SCMR systems. Also, for loops and helices, a global maximum condition is derived in order to design SCMR systems with maximal efficiency.
Practical quantum tokens without quantum memories and experimental tests (2022)

Abstract Unforgeable quantum money tokens were the first invention of quantum information science, but remain technologically challenging as they require quantum memories and/or long-distance quantum communication. More recently, virtual “S-money” tokens were introduced. These are generated by quantum cryptography, do not require quantum memories or long-distance quantum communication, and yet in principle guarantee many of the security advantages of quantum money. Here, we describe implementations of S-money schemes with off-the-shelf quantum key distribution technology, and analyse security in the presence of noise, losses, and experimental imperfection. Our schemes satisfy near-instant validation without cross-checking. We show that, given standard assumptions in mistrustful quantum cryptographic implementations, unforgeability and user privacy could be guaranteed with attainable refinements of our off-the-shelf setup. We discuss the possibilities for unconditionally secure (assumption-free) implementations.
Advanced Optical Fibers and Their Applications in Fiber Lasers (2012)

Unlike conventional fibers, all-solid photonic bandgap fibers are guided by anti-resonance of a 2D cladding photonic lattice, providing significant opportunity for mode area scaling while providing substantial higher-order-mode suppression. Our recent study will be reviewed.