gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear medicine and infection detection: the relative effectiveness of imaging with 111In-oxine-, 99mTc-HMPAO-, and 99mTc-stannous fluoride colloid-labeled leukocytes and with 67Ga-citrate. (2003)

With a current annual mortality rate of around 35% worldwide, infection remains a significant concern, and the diagnosis and localization of infectious foci is an important health issue. As an established infection-imaging modality, nuclear medicine plays a vital health-care role in the diagnosis and subsequent effective treatment of this condition. Despite the development of several newer radiopharmaceuticals, (67)Ga and leukocyte imaging procedures have maintained their established place for infection. Several techniques in nuclear medicine significantly aid infection diagnosis, including imaging with (111)In-oxine-, (99m)Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime-, and (99m)Tc-stannous fluoride colloid-labeled leukocytes and with (67)Ga-citrate. Each radiopharmaceutical has specific advantages and disadvantages that make it suitable to diagnose different infectious processes (e.g., soft-tissue sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, osteomyelitis, occult fever, fever of unknown origin, and infections commonly found in immunocompromised patients). After finishing this article, the reader should be able to identify the properties of an ideal radiopharmaceutical for infection imaging, list a range of available infection-imaging radiopharmaceuticals, compare the relative results of a range of radiopharmaceuticals used internationally to detect infection in the body, understand several common infectious processes that can be diagnosed using nuclear medicine techniques, and select an appropriate radiopharmaceutical to image a range of infectious processes.
Structural Stiffness and Coulomb Damping in Compliant Foil Journal Bearings: Parametric Studies (1994)

Abstract This paper presents the results of the second part of the investigation on structural stiffness and Coulomb damping in compliant foil journal bearings. In the first part, a theoretical model was developed to calculate equivalent viscous damping coefficients and structural stiffness of a bump foil strip in a journal bearing or damper. A computer program was also developed to compute the eccentricity and attitude angle of the journal static equilibrium position as well as the deflections, displacements, reacting forces, and equivalent friction coefficient of each bump on the strip. This model and program enabled further parametric studies to be conducted in the second part of the investigation, the results of which are the subject of this paper. The design parameters studied were static eccentricity (bearing load), pad angle (load angle), sliding friction coefficients, and perturbation amplitude (dynamic load). In addition, more effective methods of achieving both Coulomb damping and optimum structural stiffness were examined. The results of the studies showed that stiffness and damping coefficients were highly nonlinear and anisotropic, that their values depended on the sums of the sliding friction coefficients between contact surfaces, and that they were greatly affected by the pad angle. Presented at the 48th Annual Meeting in Calgary, Alberta, Canada May 17–20, 1993 Key Words: BearingFrictionDamper Notes Presented at the 48th Annual Meeting in Calgary, Alberta, Canada May 17–20, 1993
Analysis of conventional and converted mode reflections at Putah sink, California using three-component data (1990)

Abstract In 1980 Chevron recorded a three-component seismic line using vertical (V) and transverse (T) motion vibrators over the Putah sink gas field near Davis, California. The purpose was to record the total vector motion of the various reflection types excited by the two sources, with emphasis on converted P-S reflections. Analysis of the conventional reflection data agreed with results from the Conoco Shear Wave Group Shoot of 1977-1978. For example, the P-P wave section had gas-sand bright spots which were absent in the S-S wave section.Shot profiles from the V vibrators showed strong P-S converted wave events on the horizontal radial component (R) as expected. To our surprise, shot records from the T vibrators showed S-P converted wave events on the V component, with low amplitudes but high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios. These S-P events were likely products of split S-waves generated in anisotropic subsurface media. Components of these downgoing waves in the plane of incidence were converted to P-waves on reflection and arrived at receivers in a low-noise time window ahead of the S-S waves.The two types of converted waves (P-S and S-P) were first stacked by common midpoint (CMP). The unexpected S-P section was lower in true amplitude but much higher in S/N ratio than the P-S section. The Winters gas-sand bright spot was missing on the converted wave sections, mimicking the S-S reflectivity as expected. CRP gathers were formed by rebinning data by a simple ray-tracing formula based on the asymmetry of raypaths. CRP stacking improved P-S and S-P event resolution relative to CMP stacking and laterally aligned structural features with their counterparts on P and S sections. Thus, the unexpected S-P data provided us with an extra check for our converted wave data processing.
Representative Selection in Nonmetric Datasets (2015)

This study considers the problem of representative selection: choosing a subset of data points from a dataset that best represents its overall set of elements. This subset needs to inherently reflect the type of information contained in the entire set, while minimizing redundancy. For such purposes, clustering might seem like a natural approach. However, existing clustering methods are not ideally suited for representative selection, especially when dealing with nonmetric data, in which only a pairwise similarity measure exists. In this article we propose δ-medoids, a novel approach that can be viewed as an extension of the k-medoids algorithm and is specifically suited for sample representative selection from nonmetric data. We empirically validate δ-medoids in two domains: music analysis and motion analysis. We also show some theoretical bounds on the performance of δ-medoids and the hardness of representative selection in general.
Linear Ensembles of Word Embedding Models (2017)

This paper explores linear methods for combining several word embedding models into an ensemble. We construct the combined models using an iterative method based on either ordinary least squares regression or the solution to the orthogonal Procrustes problem. We evaluate the proposed approaches on Estonian---a morphologically complex language, for which the available corpora for training word embeddings are relatively small. We compare both combined models with each other and with the input word embedding models using synonym and analogy tests. The results show that while using the ordinary least squares regression performs poorly in our experiments, using orthogonal Procrustes to combine several word embedding models into an ensemble model leads to 7-10% relative improvements over the mean result of the initial models in synonym tests and 19-47% in analogy tests.
New Method for the Antibacterial and Antifungal Modification of Silver Finished Textiles (2011)

In order to give antimicrobial properties to textiles, silver is more and more often used because of its wide spectrum of activity. Silver can be incorporated into textiles with the use of different methods: in the production process of chemical fibres or in the final product through its chemical modification. In this paper, a new method based on the precipitation of metallic silver on a textile surface as a result of the photochemical reaction of deposited compounds is shown. The results obtained for modified textiles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) confirmed the presence of metallic silver on the textile surface. The size of metallic silver particles precipitated on the product surface modified was determined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results of microbiological tests (diffusion agar test) confirmed the effectiveness of the method elaborated with respect to microbiological resistance against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi. The simplicity of the method elaborated and the possibility of its application in textile plants equipped with a standard finishing device are emphasised.
Mission profile recorder: An aging monitor for hard events (2016)

This work demonstrates the fundamental aspects of Mission Profile Recording as an alternative to intrusive, aging monitoring systems to cope with oxide breakdown and electromigration degradation mechanisms. A functional prototype is designed, implemented and fully tested on several wafers to achieve a full proof-of-concept. This study offers new perspectives towards product hardening and qualification with respect to an adaptive approach to real user-based workloads.
Mimicking the Kidney: A Key Role in Organ-on-Chip Development (2016)

Pharmaceutical drug screening and research into diseases call for significant improvement in the effectiveness of current in vitro models. Better models would reduce the likelihood of costly failures at later drug development stages, while limiting or possibly even avoiding the use of animal models. In this regard, promising advances have recently been made by the so-called "organ-on-chip" (OOC) technology. By combining cell culture with microfluidics, biomedical researchers have started to develop microengineered models of the functional units of human organs. With the capacity to mimic physiological microenvironments and vascular perfusion, OOC devices allow the reproduction of tissue- and organ-level functions. When considering drug testing, nephrotoxicity is a major cause of attrition during pre-clinical, clinical, and post-approval stages. Renal toxicity accounts for 19% of total dropouts during phase III drug evaluation-more than half the drugs abandoned because of safety concerns. Mimicking the functional unit of the kidney, namely the nephron, is therefore a crucial objective. Here we provide an extensive review of the studies focused on the development of a nephron-on-chip device.
Synthesis of monodispersed and spherical SiO 2 -coated Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticle (2000)

particleswith the average particle diameter of ~90 nm and extremely narrow size distribution can be obtained at the pHof 11 and the TEOS concentration of 0.68 M, which are found to be the optimum conditions in the present studyin achieving the homogeneous deposition of silica layers on hematite surfaces. Diffuse reflectance UV-Visspectra reveal that the characteristic optical reflectance of α-Fe
Multimode Operation of Resonant and Hybrid Switched-Capacitor Topologies (2018)

This paper presents an overview of resonant and hybrid switched-capacitor converters with a particular focus on multimode operation. The multimode approach is discussed as a tool to affect high efficiency and power density across a wide load range, provide variable regulation, and, as a general framework, to conceptualize the advantages and opportunities of the approach compared to more traditional dc-dc converters. A general analysis is provided to quantify the advantage of hybrid and resonant converters that factors in the tradeoffs between size and loss in the magnetic component and voltage stress on the active devices. A broader set of operating modes is presented that spans continuous and discontinuous conduction and includes resonant, quasi-resonant, and more traditional buck- or boost-like operation. A prototype flying-capacitor multilevel converter is presented to demonstrate the variety of operating modes and motivate important considerations such as voltage balance on the flying capacitors.
Overview of the Highlander Field Development (1987)

Summary This paper discusses the engineering, operational, and construction challenges encountered in the Highlander development and how the various elements of the Highlander production facilities were designed to provide economical solutions. Outlined descriptions of facilities are given to show the comprehensive nature of the project. The application of innovative designs, fast-track scheduling, tight budgetary controls, and stringent quality control are discussed.
Corneal Biomechanical Properties in Myopic Eyes Measured by a Dynamic Scheimpflug Analyzer (2015)

Purpose. To evaluate the corneal biomechanical parameters in myopic and emmetropic eyes using Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (CorVis ST). Methods. 103 myopic and emmetropic eyes of 103 patients were examined. Corneal biomechanical parameters, axial length, and mean keratometry were measured using CorVis ST, IOL Master, and topography, respectively. Corneal biomechanical properties were compared within four groups. Bivariate correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between corneal biomechanical parameters and ocular characteristics. Results. Four of ten corneal biomechanical parameters, namely, deformation amplitude (DA), first- and second-applanation time (A1-time, A2-time), and radius at highest concavity (HC radius), were significantly different within the four groups (P < 0.05). In correlation analysis, DA was positively correlated with axial length (r = 0.20, P = 0.04); A2-time was positively correlated with spherical equivalent (SE) (r = 0.24, P = 0.02); HC radius was positively correlated with SE (r = 0.24, P = 0.02) and was negatively correlated with mean keratometry (r = -0.20, P = 0.046) and axial length (r = -0.21, P = 0.03). Conclusions. The corneal refraction-related biomechanical alterations were associated with ocular characteristics. Highly myopic eyes exhibited longer DA and smaller HC radius than do moderately myopic eyes; the eyes with longer axial length tend to have less corneal stiffness and are easier to deform under stress.
Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship (2005)

Interfaces that talk and listen are populating computers, cars, call centers, and even home appliances and toys, but voice interfaces invariably frustrate rather than help. In Wired for Speech, Clifford Nass and Scott Brave reveal how interactive voice technologies can readily and effectively tap into the automatic responses all speech -- whether from human or machine -- evokes. Wired for Speech demonstrates that people are voice-activated: we respond to voice technologies as we respond to actual people and behave as we would in any social situation. By leveraging this powerful finding, voice interfaces can truly emerge as the next frontier for efficient, user-friendly technology.Wired for Speech presents new theories and experiments and applies them to critical issues concerning how people interact with technology-based voices. It considers how people respond to a female voice in e-commerce (does stereotyping matter?), how a car's voice can promote safer driving (are happy cars better cars?), whether synthetic voices have personality and emotion (is sounding like a person always good?), whether an automated call center should apologize when it cannot understand a spoken request (To Err is Interface; To Blame, Complex), and much more. Nass and Brave's deep understanding of both social science and design, drawn from ten years of research at Nass's Stanford laboratory, produces results that often challenge conventional wisdom and common design practices. These insights will help designers and marketers build better interfaces, scientists construct better theories, and everyone gain better understandings of the future of the machines that speak with us.
2.5 kW Narrow Linewidth Linearly Polarized All-Fiber MOPA With Cascaded Phase-Modulation to Suppress SBS Induced Self-Pulsing (2020)

As a major limitation for power scaling of high power narrow linewidth fiber master oscillator power amplifiers (MOPAs), Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) induced self-pulsing in polarization maintaining (PM) fiber amplifiers is well characterized and analyzed in this paper by comparing different white noise signal (WNS) phase-modulated modes in experiments. It is found that the self-pulsing effect is not observed in the PM-amplifier with single-frequency laser seed injection, and cascaded WNS modulation provides superior self-pulsing suppression than single WNS modulation with similar output linewidth. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that the self-pulsing threshold can hardly be predicted only by the output linewidth or the defined SBS threshold in a WNS phase modulated fiber amplifier system. As self-pulsing is originated from the spectral spikes in WNS modulated system, we theoretically analyzed characteristics of these spikes in different phase-modulation modes. It indicates the spectral peak intensity can be reduced by cascaded modulation, for which self-pulsing can be suppressed. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results. At the same time, in order to suppress the mode instability effect, a plum blossom shaped bending mode selection device is used in this high-power narrow linewidth fiber amplifier system. Finally, a 32 GHz cascaded WNSs modulated, over than 2.5 kW linearly polarized all-fiber amplifier with a slope efficiency of 86.7% is demonstrated. The polarization extinction ratio (PER) is measured larger than 14 dB and the beam quality factor M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> maintains lower than 1.3 in the power scaling process.
Fungal quorum sensing molecules: Role in fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity (2016)

When microorganisms live together in high numbers, they need to communicate with each other. To achieve cell-cell communication, microorganisms secrete molecules called quorum-sensing molecules (QSMs) that control their biological activities and behaviors. Fungi secrete QSMs such as farnesol, tyrosol, phenylethanol, and tryptophol. The role of QSMs in fungi has been widely studied in both yeasts and filamentous fungi, for example in Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, Aspergillus niger, A. nidulans, and Fusarium graminearum. QSMs impact fungal morphogenesis (yeast-to-hypha formation) and also play a role in the germination of macroconidia. QSMs cause fungal cells to initiate programmed cell death, or apoptosis, and play a role in fungal pathogenicity. Several types of QSMs are produced during stages of biofilm development to control cell population or morphology in biofilm communities. This review article emphasizes the role of fungal QSMs, especially in fungal morphogenesis, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity. Information about QSMs may lead to improved measures for controlling fungal infection.
Phosphoramidates and phosphonamidates (ProTides) with antiviral activity (2018)

Following the first report on the nucleoside phosphoramidate (ProTide) prodrug approach in 1990 by Chris McGuigan, the extensive investigation of ProTide technology has begun in many laboratories. Designed with aim to overcome limitations and the key resistance mechanisms associated with nucleoside analogues used in the clinic (poor cellular uptake, poor conversion to the 5'-monophosphate form), the ProTide approach has been successfully applied to a vast number of nucleoside analogues with antiviral and anticancer activity. ProTides consist of a 5'-nucleoside monophosphate in which the two hydroxyl groups are masked with an amino acid ester and an aryloxy component which once in the cell is enzymatically metabolized to deliver free 5'-monophosphate, which is further transformed to the active 5'-triphosphate form of the nucleoside analogue. In this review, the seminal contribution of Chris McGuigan's research to this field is presented. His technology proved to be extremely successful in drug discovery and has led to two Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral agents.
Zeolite Nanocrystals- Synthesis and Applications (2010)

Zeolites are being used extensively in industrial processes such as heterogeneous catalysts and adsorbents. Nano-crystalline zeolites have large external surface areas as well as low diffusion resistance. Accordingly, control of the crystal size and the tailoring the mesopores and macropores among the crystals are important factors for applications of these nanocrystals. In order to obtain nano-crystalline zeolites, it is important to separate the nucleation and growth stages. The addition of a surfactant into synthetic solutions of zeolites is a promising method to control the crystal size and improve the crystallinity due to adsorption of the surfactant on the zeolite surface.
Can gene expression signatures of signaling pathway activation inform rational selection of potentially targetable molecules in lung cancer (2008)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- July 20-23, 2008; Monterey, CA

A23 

In this new age of utilizing complex biomarkers as metrics for describing disease types or making therapeutic decisions, translating discoveries at the benchtop to efficacious therapies in the clinic remains an overwhelming obstacle. Cancer of any tissue type is still a heterogeneous disease when evaluated among affected individuals. Developing new therapeutics requires understanding of the disease process, particularly avenues that lead to therapies appropriate for the heterogeneity observed in the clinic. We hypothesize that by combining knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches in analyzing gene expression data new pathways and targets for lung cancer therapeutics can be rationally ascertained. Lung adenocarcinomas frequently have genetic lesions affecting EGFR or K-ras. The consequence of either mutation may be deregulation of one or more downstream signaling cascades, namely MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and STAT pathways. This knowledge was utilized to develop gene expression signatures of activation of each pathway in airway epithelial cells. The gene expression signatures derived from each dataset were compared to the genes in signatures that describe K-ras activity or sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer cell lines to determine co-expression. The genes that were found to be in common among the individual signatures may be potential hubs for normal control of the activity of PI3K/AKT, MAPK and STAT signaling cascades. To test genes for activity among signaling pathways, the list of commonly-deregulated genes was narrowed to candidate genes chosen fit two criteria: 1) enzymatic activity and 2) likely regulation of activity by gene expression or protein turnover but not post-translational modification. Published data from similar gene expression studies, but using different cell systems, was evaluated to determine if our candidates are system specific. Following this evaluation, phosphatases that were deregulated in the gene expression signatures of pathway activity arose as an interesting subset of activities across all systems evaluated. Of the phosphatases screened by probesets on the array, the dual specificity phosphatases (DUSP) became the focus of our efforts, specifically DUSP4/MKP2. DUSP4 activity was characterized among lung cancer cell lines and airway epithelial cells. The expression, localization and substrates of DUSP4 suggest that this phosphatase may link the MAPK and AKT pathways which are both deregulated in EGFR and K-ras active lung cancers. Thus, our proof-of-concept exercise in combining knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches to select targets for novel lung cancer therapeutics may yield a reasonable target.