gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Chelate-setting Cements from Hydroxyapatite Powders Surface-modified with Various Sodium Inositol Hexaphosphate Concentrations and their Mechanical Properties (2012)

The effect of concentration of sodium inositol hexaphosphate (IP6-Na) on material properties of calcium-phosphate cement (CPC) was investigated. The starting cement powder (IP6-HAp) was prepared by grinding and surface modifying hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder in various concentrations of IP6-Na solution. To prepare the IP6-HAp cement paste, the IP6-HAp powder was mixed with water under various powder/liquid ratios (P/L= [g/mL]). Amount of IP6 adsorbed on the surface of HAp powders increased with an increment of IP6-Na concentration, leading to negative surface charge. Dispersion of IP6-HAp powders was improved with an increase of IP6-Na concentration. As for cement fabrication, the IP6-HAp powder with negative charge enabled putty-like cement paste to be prepared at the higher P/L ratio. The compressive strength fabricated from IP6-HAp powders with negative surface charge at -20 mV or lower was higher than that fabricated from IP6-HAp powders with negative surface charge at -10 mV or higher. This improvement of the CS may be due to the increase of packing density.
Vehicle Type Classification Using a Semisupervised Convolutional Neural Network (2015)

In this paper, we propose a vehicle type classification method using a semisupervised convolutional neural network from vehicle frontal-view images. In order to capture rich and discriminative information of vehicles, we introduce sparse Laplacian filter learning to obtain the filters of the network with large amounts of unlabeled data. Serving as the output layer of the network, the softmax classifier is trained by multitask learning with small amounts of labeled data. For a given vehicle image, the network can provide the probability of each type to which the vehicle belongs. Unlike traditional methods by using handcrafted visual features, our method is able to automatically learn good features for the classification task. The learned features are discriminative enough to work well in complex scenes. We build the challenging BIT-Vehicle dataset, including 9850 high-resolution vehicle frontal-view images. Experimental results on our own dataset and a public dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mechanisms of Autophagy Initiation (2017)

Autophagy is the process of cellular self-eating by a double-membrane organelle, the autophagosome. A range of signaling processes converge on two protein complexes to initiate autophagy: the ULK1 (unc51-like autophagy activating kinase 1) protein kinase complex and the PI3KC3-C1 (class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I) lipid kinase complex. Some 90% of the mass of these large protein complexes consists of noncatalytic domains and subunits, and the ULK1 complex has essential noncatalytic activities. Structural studies of these complexes have shed increasing light on the regulation of their catalytic and noncatalytic activities in autophagy initiation. The autophagosome is thought to nucleate from vesicles containing the integral membrane protein Atg9 (autophagy-related 9), COPII (coat protein complex II) vesicles, and possibly other sources. In the wake of reconstitution and super-resolution imaging studies, we are beginning to understand how the ULK1 and PI3KC3-C1 complexes might coordinate the nucleation and fusion of Atg9 and COPII vesicles at the start of autophagosome biogenesis.
Supercritical fluid extraction: operating principles and food applications (1986)

A review describes the operational practices of supercritical fluid (SCF) extraction processes, and presents a general survey of their potential and their use in existing food applications. Topics include: SCF process concepts; the choice of proper solvent (including the advantages of CO2 as the solvent); applications in total extraction, deodorization, and fractionation; specific food applications (coffee decaffeination; recovery of hops extracts); and the impediments to SCF extraction commercialization due to technical and commercial problems. Potential future applications of SCF extraction technology also are discussed.(wz)
Both a Gauge and a Filter: Cognitive Modulations of Pupil Size (2019)

Over 50 years of research have established that cognitive processes influence pupil size. This has led to the widespread use of pupil size as a peripheral measure of cortical processing in psychology and neuroscience. However, the function of cortical control over the pupil remains poorly understood. Why does visual attention change the pupil light reflex? Why do mental effort and surprise cause pupil dilation? Here, we consider these functional questions as we review and synthesize two literatures on cognitive effects on the pupil: how cognition affects pupil light response and how cognition affects pupil size under constant luminance. We propose that cognition may have co-opted control of the pupil in order to filter incoming visual information to optimize it for particular goals. This could complement other cortical mechanisms through which cognition shapes visual perception.
Biochemical and functional analysis of the Borna disease virus G protein (1997)

The Borna disease virus (BDV) antigenome is comprised of five major open reading frames (ORFs). Products have been reported only for ORFs I, II, and III, encoding N (p40), P (p24/p23), and M (gp18), respectively. ORF IV predicts a 57-kDa protein with several potential glycosylation sites. Analysis of radiolabeled extracts from BDV-infected C6 cells and BHK-21 cells transfected with a Semliki Forest virus vector that contains ORF IV demonstrated the presence of a 94-kDa protein (G protein) which was sensitive to tunicamycin, endoglycosidase F/N-glycosidase, and endoglycosidase H but not to O-glycosidase. Sera from BDV-infected rats detected the G protein and had neutralization activity that was reduced following immunoadsorption with the G protein. Preincubation of cells with the G protein interfered with BDV infectivity. This effect was enhanced by treatment of the G protein with the exoglycosidase alpha-mannosidase and reduced after subsequent treatment with N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. In concert these findings indicate that ORF IV encodes a 94-kDa N-linked glycoprotein with extensive high mannose- and/or hybrid-type oligosaccharide modifications. The presence of neutralization epitopes on the G protein and its capacity to interfere with infectivity suggest that the G protein is important for viral entry.
Single Photon Quantum Cryptography (2002)

We report the full implementation of a quantum cryptography protocol using a stream of single photon pulses generated by a stable and efficient source operating at room temperature. The single photon pulses are emitted on demand by a single nitrogen-vacancy color center in a diamond nanocrystal. The quantum bit error rate is less that 4.6% and the secure bit rate is 7700 bits/s. The overall performances of our system reaches a domain where single photons have a measurable advantage over an equivalent system based on attenuated light pulses.
Gene selection in cancer classification using sparse logistic regression with Bayesian regularization (2006)

A MATLAB implementation of the sparse logistic regression algorithm with Bayesian regularization (BLogReg) is available from http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.uk/~gcc/cbl/blogreg/
Fine pitch pad array carrier sockets for multichip modules (2003)

A project is currently under way to develop two pad array carrier (PAC) multichip modules using Motorola's H4C123 ASIC family as a test vehicle. A brief summary of Motorola's multichip module test vehicle is first presented. Then, a comparison of three different connector technologies is provided. A limited number of socket manufacturers were evaluated. The main parameters considered from vendor to vendor were contact pitch, contact repairability, clamping force, resistance per contact, inductance per contact, capacitance per contact, insulator resistance, heat sink attach area, availability of comprehensive test data performed on the product, and cost. A discussion of design considerations is included. Two different socket technologies were selected for a 50 and a 100 mil pitch multichip module.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Distributed Power Control in Multihop Ad Hoc CDMA Networks (2007)

In this paper, we propose a distributed power control algorithm for multihop ad hoc CDMA networks. The algorithm attempts to maximize the QoS of each user as well as a global network utility, given a set of routes and link schedules. By defining the local objective of each node as a summation of its own utility and that of the "bottleneck" nodes in its vicinity, users are considered partially cooperative. Since the overall QoS of a single flow is determined by the minimum received QoS among all of its subflows, the global network utility is defined only based on these bottleneck QoS's for each user.
Critical Role of TLR9 in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (2008)

Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Different studies have demonstrated that intestinal bacterial breakdown products and loss of gastrointestinal tract integrity, both induced by conditioning regiments, are critical in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD. Using C57BL/6 knockout mice, we evaluated the role of TLR4 and TLR9, which recognize bacterial LPS and DNA, respectively, in the GVHD associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. When myeloablative-irradiated TLR9 knockout (TLR9(-/-)) mice were used as graft recipients, survival and clinical score of acute GVHD were improved as compared with the wild-type recipient mice (18/30 vs 1/31 mice still alive at day 70 in a total of four experiments); while no differences were observed using recipient TLR4 knockout (TLR4(-/-)) mice. The reduced mortality and morbidity in TLR9(-/-) mice related with reduced stimulatory activity of TLR9(-/-) spleen APCs after conditioning and reduced proliferation of allogeneic donor T cells. Experiments using TLR9(+/+) into TLR9(-/-) and TLR9(-/-) into TLR9(+/+) chimeric mice as recipients indicated a critical role for nonhematopoietic TLR9(+/+) cells interacting with bacterial breakdown products released in myeloablated mice. Altogether these data reveal a novel important role of TLR9 in GVHD, a finding that might provide tools to reduce this complication of allogeneic transplantation.
Evaluating Integration (1989)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsG. LindsayGeoff Lindsay work both within the context of the University of Sheffield and the Sheffield Psychological Service. His article was accepted for publication in July 1988.
Preconditioning for multipole-accelerated 3-D inductance extraction (2002)

Frequency-dependent inductances and resistances of complicated 3-D packages can be extremely efficiently computed using a volume-element formulation combined with a multipole-accelerated iterative matrix solution method, provided the iterative method converges rapidly. Two approaches to preconditioning the iterative method are presented, and results are given which show that both methods substantially accelerate iterative method convergence when applied to the inductance extraction problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lipid‐soluble components of honeybee‐collected pollen exert antiallergic effect by inhibiting IgE‐mediated mast cell activation<i>in vivo</i> (2009)

It was shown previously that bee-collected pollen (bee pollen, BP), inhibited in vitro murine mast cell activation. This study further analysed the antiallergic effect of BP in vivo by measuring cutaneous mast cell activation using a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. Daily oral administration of BP to mice, dose-dependently reduced the cutaneous mast cell activation elicited by IgE and specific antigens. Administration of BP also reduced the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation. The inhibitory effect of BP was mostly in a lipid- but not in water-soluble fraction. The HPLC analysis of isoflavones in BP revealed that genistein was a major isoflavone. However, administration of genistein alone at the concentration found in BP, did not show an inhibitory effect as observed in whole BP, suggesting that component(s) other than genistein would be responsible for the inhibitory effect of BP. These results first reveal that lipid-soluble components of BP exert an antiallergic action by inhibiting the FcåRI-mediated cutaneous mast cell activation.
N-Glycosylation of Plant-produced Recombinant Proteins (2013)

Plants are gaining increasingly acceptance as a production platform for recombinant proteins. One reason for this is their ability to carry out posttranslational protein modifications in a similar if not identical way as mammalian cells. The capability of plants to carry out human-like complex glycosylation is well known. Moreover, the targeted manipulation of the plant N-glycosylation pathway allows the production of proteins carrying largely homogeneous, human-type oligosaccharides. These outstanding results have placed plants in a favourable position compared to other eukaryotic expression systems. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the N-glycosylation of plant-produced recombinant proteins, the possible impact of plant-specific N-glycans on the human immune system, and recent advances in engineering the plant N-glycosylation pathway towards the synthesis of (complex) human-type glycan structures, highlighting challenges and achievements in the application of these powerful technologies.
First trimester maternal serum placental protein 13 for the prediction of pre‐eclampsia in women with <i>a priori</i> high risk (2009)

First trimester PP13 can predict pre-eclampsia in women at increased a priori risk and predicts early-onset better than late-onset disease.
Medical Robots: Current Systems and Research Directions (2012)

First used medically in 1985, robots now make an impact in laparoscopy, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, emergency response, and various other medical disciplines. This paper provides a review of medical robot history and surveys the capabilities of current medical robot systems, primarily focusing on commercially available systems while covering a few prominent research projects. By examining robotic systems across time and disciplines, trends are discernible that imply future capabilities of medical robots, for example, increased usage of intraoperative images, improved robot arm design, and haptic feedback to guide the surgeon.
Directed Assembly of Nanoparticle Catalysts on Nanowire Photoelectrodes for Photoelectrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction (2016)

Reducing carbon dioxide with a multicomponent artificial photosynthetic system, closely mimicking nature, represents a promising approach for energy storage. Previous works have focused on exploiting light-harvesting semiconductor nanowires (NW) for photoelectrochemical water splitting. With the newly developed CO2 reduction nanoparticle (NP) catalysts, direct interfacing of these nanocatalysts with NW light absorbers for photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 becomes feasible. Here, we demonstrate a directed assembly of NP catalysts on vertical NW substrates for CO2-to-CO conversion under illumination. Guided by the one-dimensional geometry, well-dispersed assembly of Au3Cu NPs on the surface of Si NW arrays was achieved with facile coverage tunability. Such Au3Cu NP decorated Si NW arrays can readily serve as effective CO2 reduction photoelectrodes, exhibiting high CO2-to-CO selectivity close to 80% at -0.20 V vs RHE with suppressed hydrogen evolution. A reduction of 120 mV overpotential compared to the planar (PL) counterpart was observed resulting from the optimized spatial arrangement of NP catalysts on the high surface area NW arrays. In addition, this system showed consistent photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction capability up to 18 h. This simple photoelectrode assembly process will lead to further progress in artificial photosynthesis, by allowing the combination of developments in each subfield to create an efficient light-driven system generating carbon-based fuels.
Isotope Selective Nondispersive Infrared Spectrometry Can Compete with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry in Cumulative (2005)

To measure a patient’s metabolic response to an administered 13 C-enriched substrate, isotope selective nondispersive infrared spectrometry is used. Isotope abundance levels are relative, i. e., reported as differences between a tested sample and a reference sample. The reference 13 C abundance is not known exactly. This uncertainty, uncertainty in CO 2 production, and the inaccuracy of the measuring instrument contribute to the uncertainty in the results of breath tests. In this study, the particular impacts of uncertainty are estimated and expressed in a mathematical way by an uncomplicated formula illustrated by an example dealing with real-life data. It is shown that the uncertainty in the reference 13 C abundance does not have severe consequences, so that the method can compete with the spectrometry methods that are able to deliver an absolute value of the 13 C abundance. The inaccuracy of the measuring instrument is also manageable, though its influence is greater than in the previous case. The analysis reveals that the uncertainty in CO 2 production deserves great attention because it is difficult to estimate and its influence is rather strong. The problem of determination of a proper cut-off level is outlined.
A practical guide to male hypogonadism in the primary care setting (2010)

There is a high prevalence of hypogonadism in the older adult male population and the proportion of older men in the population is projected to rise in the future. As hypogonadism increases with age and is significantly associated with various comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome, the physician is increasingly likely to have to treat hypogonadism in the clinic. The main symptoms of hypogonadism are reduced libido/erectile dysfunction, reduced muscle mass and strength, increased adiposity, osteoporosis/low bone mass, depressed mood and fatigue. Diagnosis of the condition requires the presence of low serum testosterone levels and the presence of hypogonadal symptoms. There are a number of formulations available for testosterone therapy including intramuscular injections, transdermal patches, transdermal gels, buccal patches and subcutaneous pellets. These are efficacious in establishing eugonadal testosterone levels in the blood and relieving symptoms. Restoration of testosterone levels to the normal range improves libido, sexual function, and mood; reduces fat body mass; increases lean body mass; and improves bone mineral density. Testosterone treatment is contraindicated in subjects with prostate cancer or benign prostate hyperplasia and risks of treatment are perceived to be high by many physicians. These risks, however, are often exaggerated and should not outweigh the benefits of testosterone treatment.
Dendritic cell and cancer immune checkpoint (2016)

Extensive research over 100 years has clarified that cancers are surely suppressed by human immune system. Unfortunately, a number of clinical trials with various approaches have fallen short of clinical application because of the lack of significant anti-tumor effect. However, recent approved immune checkpoint inhibitors, namely PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockers, provide even better prognosis than existing chemotherapy in patients with certain types of cancer. There is no doubt that immunotherapy is becoming a standard treatment as well as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Dendritic cells express a variety of immune checkpoint molecules including one with unknown function. In addition, accumulating evidence reported that already known molecules might have alternative functions. Further investigation of this field would lead to development of more effective treatments for cancer with less adverse effects. In this short review, we introduce some immune checkpoint molecules expressed in dendritic cells from the point of view of cancer immunotherapy.
A hydrophilic plasma polymerized film composite with potential application as an interface for biomaterials (1990)

A hydrophilic polymer composite film (approx. 420 nm thick), with potential application as an interface for biomaterials has been prepared on nonorganic substrates, which include glass, silicon, and aluminum foil, using a glow discharge plasma polymerization technique. A thin film (110 nm thick) polymerized from hexane provided an adherent protective coating for the substrate material, and covalent bonding sites for the outer layer polymerized from N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. This outer layer provided the hydrophilic surface or interface. The two layers were copolymerized for a short period during transition between monomers to provide an intimate covalently bonded diffuse interphase. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies indicate that the hydrophilic film is non-cytotoxic, and does not increase the inflammatory response when compared with negative controls.
Methylenecyclopropane rearrangement as a probe for free radical substituent effects. .sigma..bul. Values for commonly encountered conjugating and organometallic groups (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethylenecyclopropane rearrangement as a probe for free radical substituent effects. .sigma..bul. Values for commonly encountered conjugating and organometallic groupsXavier Creary, M. E. Mehrsheikh-Mohammadi, and Steven McDonaldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 15, 3254–3263Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00391a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00391a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1646Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts