gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast and Scalable Computation of the Forward and Inverse Discrete Periodic Radon Transform (2015)

The discrete periodic radon transform (DPRT) has extensively been used in applications that involve image reconstructions from projections. Beyond classic applications, the DPRT can also be used to compute fast convolutions that avoids the use of floating-point arithmetic associated with the use of the fast Fourier transform. Unfortunately, the use of the DPRT has been limited by the need to compute a large number of additions and the need for a large number of memory accesses. This paper introduces a fast and scalable approach for computing the forward and inverse DPRT that is based on the use of: a parallel array of fixed-point adder trees; circular shift registers to remove the need for accessing external memory components when selecting the input data for the adder trees; an image block-based approach to DPRT computation that can fit the proposed architecture to available resources; and fast transpositions that are computed in one or a few clock cycles that do not depend on the size of the input image. As a result, for an N × N image (N prime), the proposed approach can compute up to N(2) additions per clock cycle. Compared with the previous approaches, the scalable approach provides the fastest known implementations for different amounts of computational resources. For example, for a 251×251 image, for approximately 25% fewer flip-flops than required for a systolic implementation, we have that the scalable DPRT is computed 36 times faster. For the fastest case, we introduce optimized just 2N + ⌈log(2) N⌉ + 1 and 2N + 3 ⌈log(2) N⌉ + B + 2 cycles, architectures that can compute the DPRT and its inverse in respectively, where B is the number of bits used to represent each input pixel. On the other hand, the scalable DPRT approach requires more 1-b additions than for the systolic implementation and provides a tradeoff between speed and additional 1-b additions. All of the proposed DPRT architectures were implemented in VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and validated using an Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation.
A widely tunable refractive index in a nanolayered photonic material (2004)

A class of composite polymer films is described in which the refractive index can be varied by simple mechanical forces. The films are comprised of 1024 alternating layers of an elastomer and a glassy polymer. When the layer spacing is much less than the wavelength of the probe light, these materials behave as effective medium composites. The layer thickness of the elastomer component and thus the effective index of the composite can be varied by compressing the composite.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in silicon nanoscale waveguides (2013)

We demonstrate stimulated Brillouin scattering in silicon photonics for the first time through a new class of hybrid photonic-phononic waveguides. Enhanced optical forces at nanoscales produce strong photon-phonon coupling and tailorable Brillouin resonances spanning 1-20GHz.
Creating the bioartificial myocardium for cardiac repair: challenges and clinical targets (2013)

The association of stem cells with tissue-engineered scaffolds constitutes an attractive approach for the repair of myocardial tissue with positive effects to avoid ventricular chamber dilatation, which changes from a natural elliptical to spherical shape in heart failure patients. Biohybrid scaffolds using nanomaterials combined with stem cells emerge as new therapeutic tool for the creation of 'bioartificial myocardium' and 'cardiac wrap bioprostheses' for myocardial regeneration and ventricular support. Biohybrids are created introducing stem cells and self-assembling peptide nanofibers inside a porous elastomeric membrane, forming cell niches. Our studies lead to the creation of semi-degradable 'ventricular support bioprostheses' for adaptative LV and/or RV wrapping, designed with the concept of 'helical myocardial bands'. The goal is to restore LV elliptical shape, and contribute to systolic contraction and diastolic filling (suction mechanism). Cardiac wrapping with ventricular bioprostheses may reduce the risk of heart failure progression and the indication for heart transplantation.
Face retrieval by an adaptive Mahalanobis distance using a confidence factor (2003)

This paper proposes an adaptive Mahalanobis distance for face retrieval. The distance is derived from a posterior distribution of observation errors in features categorized by confidence of face images. Since the distance is calculated considering error variances of each dimension according to the confidence, it can reflect error distribution of each matching more precisely than a standard Mahalanobis distance. We apply this distance to eigenface techniques using image contrast and asymmetric components of face images as the confidence. To evaluate our proposed distance in face retrieval, we made experiments using MPEG-7 face descriptors as eigenface features. The best match ratio was improved from 93.5% to 97.6% compared with the weighted distance described in MPEG-7 by using the proposed distance.
Learning New Tricks From Old Dogs: Multi-Source Transfer Learning From Pre-Trained Networks (2019)

© 2019 Neural information processing systems foundation. All rights reserved. The advent of deep learning algorithms for mobile devices and sensors has led to a dramatic expansion in the availability and number of systems trained on a wide range of machine learning tasks, creating a host of opportunities and challenges in the realm of transfer learning. Currently, most transfer learning methods require some kind of control over the systems learned, either by enforcing constraints during the source training, or through the use of a joint optimization objective between tasks that requires all data be co-located for training. However, for practical, privacy, or other reasons, in a variety of applications we may have no control over the individual source task training, nor access to source training samples. Instead we only have access to features pre-trained on such data as the output of “black-boxes.” For such scenarios, we consider the multi-source learning problem of training a classifier using an ensemble of pre-trained neural networks for a set of classes that have not been observed by any of the source networks, and for which we have very few training samples. We show that by using these distributed networks as feature extractors, we can train an effective classifier in a computationally-efficient manner using tools from (nonlinear) maximal correlation analysis. In particular, we develop a method we refer to as maximal correlation weighting (MCW) to build the required target classifier from an appropriate weighting of the feature functions from the source networks. We illustrate the effectiveness of the resulting classifier on datasets derived from the CIFAR-100, Stanford Dogs, and Tiny ImageNet datasets, and, in addition, use the methodology to characterize the relative value of different source tasks in learning a target task.
High sensitivity distributed fiber optic sensing using Brillouin lasing (2022)

We present a distributed Brillouin fiber sensor that operates by exciting a series of lasing modes via periodic Brillouin amplification. The high-intensity, narrow-linewidth lasing modes enable precise measurements of the Brillouin frequency along the fiber.
Fourier transform-based modified phasor estimation method immune to the effect of the DC offsets (2009)

Summary form only given. This paper proposes a Fourier transform-based modified phasor estimation method to eliminate the adverse influence of the exponentially decaying DC offsets when discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is used to calculate the phasor of the fundamental frequency component in a relaying signal. By subtracting the result of odd-sample-set DFT from the result of even-sample-set DFT, the information of DC offsets can be obtained. Two DC offsets in a secondary relaying signal are treated as one DC offset which is piecewise approximated in one cycle data window. The effect of the DC offsets can be eliminated by the approximated DC offset. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by using computer-simulated signals and EMTP-generated signals. The algorithm is also tested on a hardware board with TMS320C32 microprocessor. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can estimate the accurate phasor of the fundamental frequency component regardless of not only the primary decaying DC offset but also the secondary decaying DC offset caused by CT circuit itself including its burden.
Terahertz imaging using a monolithic metamaterial based detector (2014)

A terahertz detector composed of a metamaterial absorber and micro-bolometer sensor integrated in a standard CMOS process is presented. The prototype demonstrates an innovative, uncooled, low cost, compact terahertz detector that is readily scaleable to high resolution focal plane array formats. The detector imaging capability is demonstrated in a transmission mode experiment.
Efficient multicasting in Content-Centric Networks using locator-based Forwarding state (2017)

The Named Data Networking (NDN) and Content-Centric Networking (CCNx) architectures use a forwarding plane that requires large Forwarding Information Bases (FIB) listing the next hops to name prefixes and Pending Interest Tables (PIT) that maintain per-Interest forwarding state. We introduce CCN-RAMP (Routing to Anchors Matching Prefixes), a new approach to content-centric networking that substitutes the large FIBs and PITs used in NDN and CCNx with small forwarding tables listing anonymous sources of Interests and routers that announce name prefixes being local. The results of simulation experiments comparing NDN with CCN-RAMP based on ndnSIM show that CCN-RAMP requires forwarding state that is orders of magnitude smaller than what NDN requires, and attains smaller end-to-end delays in the dissemination of multicast content to consumers.
Ultra-long-acting recombinant insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in dogs (2022)

Control of clinical signs, body weight, and maintenance of glycemia was achieved with this once-weekly novel insulin construct in 4 of 5 dogs.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Based Nanocomposites Prepared by Low-Temperature Route and Their Anticancer Properties (2022)

In this work, a facile low temperature solution route was reported for the preparation of monodisperse Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and their reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based nanocomposites and used as anticancer agents. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy XRD and Raman studies revealed the high crystalline nature of the Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and the presence of characteristic peaks of RGO in Fe 3 O 4 /RGO nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed the morphology of the RGO nanosheets decorated by Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 10–15 nm. High resolution (HR)-TEM study revealed the formation of Fe 3 O 4 /RGO nanocomposites with the interplanar spacing corresponding to the (311) plane of Fe 3 O 4 . The anti-cancer properties of Fe 3 O 4 /RGO nanocomposites against A549 cells were investigated using MTT, NRU assay, morphology of cells, and ROS generation analyses and compared with the pure Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. In comparison between both the pure Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 /RGO nanocomposites, more damage to the A549 cells resulted from the nanocomposites at a similar concentration of 100 μ g/ml. The cell viability test showed that 36% cell viability was observed at a concentration of 100 μ g/ml for Fe 3 O 4 /RGO nanocomposites. Additionally, the percentage of ROS generation for Fe 3 O 4 /RGO nanocomposites was higher than that of Fe 3 O 4 at a concentration of 100 μ g/ml. These results suggested that the as-synthesized nanocomposites might be a potential candidate for future anticancer agents.
Making Cotton Magnetic (1972)

Techniques are being sought to impart paramagnetic properties to cotton fibers. The most promising are imbibition of aqueous solutions of rare earth salts and treatment with rare earth and transition element organometallics in hydro carbon solvents. Using the Faraday technique, determinations of the magnetic susceptibility and magnetic force to sample weight ratios were made for treated cottons. The potential applicability and the relative uniformity, efficiency, and practicality of these methods are discussed. Research reported herein is part of a continuing effort to develop means of using nonmechanical forces in cotton textile processing.
Nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenases (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are two pleiotropic inflammatory mediators overproduced in arthritis-affected joints. The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) are found both in the synovial tissue and in the cartilage. Their expression is regulated by catabolic cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These inflammatory mediators play a profound role in the pathogenic processes that arise in the pannus of rheumatoid arthritis and also interfere with cartilage homeostasis in osteoarthritis. Several drugs, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressive agents, and tetracyclines, attenuate the activity of NO and PGE2. These pleiotropic mediators are targets for pharmacologic intervention and gene therapy.
Development of Compton lens design for increased dose rate in linear accelerator based SRS. (2016)

Preliminary designs present a proof of concept and suggest the potential for increases in dose rate for linac-based SRS systems. These designs have been able to achieve increases while maintaining a relatively low dose rate outside of the target. Further exploration into non-linear optimization of the slits and interaction plate geometry may lead to further increases than presently demonstrated.This concept warrants further study with actual measurement and to be tested for its practicality in clinical use.
Parameter optimized, vertical, nearest-neighbor-vote and boundary-based classification (2006)

In this paper, we describe a reliable high performance classification system that includes a Nearest Neighbor Vote based classification and a Local Decision Boundary based classification combined with an evolutionary algorithm for parameter optimization and a vertical data structure (Predicate Tree or P-tree 1 for processing efficiency.
Mobile TCP usage characteristics and the feasibility of network migration without infrastructure support (2010)

In this poster we describe initial findings regarding Internet usage characteristics, in particular TCP flows from a field study with 27 iPhone 3GS users. We present details regarding their usage characteristics, and provide a solution for migrating flows between different networks and/or network interfaces without requiring infrastructure support or changes to current applications and protocols, with minimal impact to the user.
A Practical Double Peak Detection Coarse Timing for OFDM in Multipath Channels (2011)

For orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in multipath channels, the detection of the first path is desirable to avoid inter-symbol-interference (ISI). However, the conventional peak detection of the cyclic prefix (CP) correlation curve can detect the strongest path but not the first path, while the largest slope detection is sensitive to background noise. This paper presents a novel coarse timing algorithm using double peak detection of CP correlation, which is robust to noise and simple to implement in practice. Considering practical hardware impairments like sampling frequency offset (SFO), the performance of the proposed method is verified by simulations.
Terahertz imaging comes into view (2000)

Imaging technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in our society. X-ray scanners are routinely used to examine luggage at airports, for example, and most hospitals are equipped with ultrasound scanners and magnetic resonance imaging machines. There is also a wealth of other less well known applications throughout industry. For instance, X-rays are used for package inspection, while the defects or voids in materials on production lines are often probed using microwaves or ultrasound.
Development of Apparatus for Phase Imaging Using X-Ray Interferometers at BL20XU of SPring-8 (2004)

Phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging, including phase tomography, was performed at the medium‐length beamline BL20XU of SPring‐8, where undulator X rays were available at 245 m from the source point. A crystal X‐ray interferometer and an X‐ray Talbot interferometer with transmission gratings were used to perform different kinds of phase‐contrast imaging. The crystal X‐ray interferometer was devised in that a crystal lamella for beam recombination was thinned down to 40 μm to achieve high‐resolution imaging. A quick fringe‐scanning mechanism was also constructed enabling the phase measurement with a few second and therefore phase tomography with several minutes. The X‐ray Talbot interferometer was studied as a novel and simple method that generated a contrast corresponding to differential phase. Phase tomography was also attained with the X‐ray Talbot interferometer.
A New Phosphor Li2B4O7 (1983)

The phosphor Li2B4O7: Cu (0.03% by weight) has an effective atomic number of 7.3, which is very similar to that of tissue (7.4). This suggests that the phosphor should have excellent properties for thermoluminescent dosimetry. The phosphor prepared by a sintering method shows two glow peaks composed of a dosimetric peak at 205 degrees C and a shoulder at 120 degrees C, and a broad emission band peaking at 368 nm. The material based on the stoichiometric compound of Li2O . 2B2O3 has a good moisture resistant property. The dosimetric characteristics are as follows: (1) The sensitivity of gamma rays is about 20 times higher than that of Li2B4O2: Mn prepared by the conventional melting method. (2) The dosimetry peak of 205 degrees C fades less than 9% in intensity at 25 degrees C after 60 days in dark. (3) The TL output is linear with exposure to about 10(5) R, becoming sublinear above it. (4) The sensitivity loss caused by humidity is about 10-25% after 2-6 months of storage in air of 90% relative humidity at 25 degrees C. (5) The energy dependence of TL output for photons is flat within the limit of 10% from 40 keV to 7 MeV. (6) The light induced fading is 10% after 3 h room lighting at 1000 lux.
Atrial Response to Ventricular Antitachycardia Pacing Discriminates Mechanism of 1:1 Atrioventricular Tachycardia (2005)

Analysis of atrial response patterns during and after ventricular ATP can successfully discriminate tachycardia mechanism and may reduce inappropriate ICD shocks.
An improved patch for radiative coolers (1993)

A unique structure for constructing the emissive patch of a spaceborne radiative cooler is shown. The structure has very high emissivity for all angles up to a designed-in maximum angle and near zero emissivity for greater angles. The structure also allows the use of high emissivity, nonconducting paints while fully complying with the NASA Electrostatic Discharge Susceptibility requirements for spacecraft. To accomplish these tasks, two previous disadvantages of prior art methods are addressed; eliminating background thermal radiation sources and problems concerning the high emissivity paints used in association with the black body radiator. A reflector consisting of an array of parabolic concentrators is separated from a black body element by an electrically conductive spacer. The concentrators serve to limit the field of view while the conductive spacer eliminates the need to use a conductive paint on the emissive element.
E-eyes (2014)

Activity monitoring in home environments has become increasingly important and has the potential to support a broad array of applications including elder care, well-being management, and latchkey child safety. Traditional approaches involve wearable sensors and specialized hardware installations. This paper presents device-free location-oriented activity identification at home through the use of existing WiFi access points and WiFi devices (e.g., desktops, thermostats, refrigerators, smartTVs, laptops). Our low-cost system takes advantage of the ever more complex web of WiFi links between such devices and the increasingly fine-grained channel state information that can be extracted from such links. It examines channel features and can uniquely identify both in-place activities and walking movements across a home by comparing them against signal profiles. Signal profiles construction can be semi-supervised and the profiles can be adaptively updated to accommodate the movement of the mobile devices and day-to-day signal calibration. Our experimental evaluation in two apartments of different size demonstrates that our approach can achieve over 96% average true positive rate and less than 1% average false positive rate to distinguish a set of in-place and walking activities with only a single WiFi access point. Our prototype also shows that our system can work with wider signal band (802.11ac) with even higher accuracy.
Stem cell proliferation patterns as an alternative for in vivo prediction and discrimination of carcinogenic compounds (2017)

One of the major challenges in the development of alternative carcinogenicity assays is the prediction of non-genotoxic carcinogens. The variety of non-genotoxic cancer pathways complicates the search for reliable parameters expressing their carcinogenicity. As non-genotoxic and genotoxic carcinogens have different cancer risks, the objective of this study was to develop a concept for an in vivo test, based on flatworm stem cell dynamics, to detect and classify carcinogenic compounds. Our methodology entails an exposure to carcinogenic compounds during the animal's regeneration process, which revealed differences in proliferative responses between non-genotoxic and genotoxic carcinogens during the initial stages of the regeneration process. A proof of concept was obtained after an extensive study of proliferation dynamics of a genotoxic and a non-genotoxic compound. A pilot validation with a limited set of compounds showed that the proposed concept not only enabled a simple prediction of genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, but also had the power to discriminate between both. We further optimized this discrimination by combining stem cell proliferation responses with a phenotypic screening and by using specific knockdowns. In the future, more compounds will be tested to further validate and prove this concept.
A CLASS OF IRREDUNDANT ENCODING TECHNIQUES FOR REDUCING BUS POWER (2002)

This paper proposes a number of encoding techniques for decreasing power dissipation on global buses. The best target for these techniques is a wide and highly capacitive memory bus. Switching activity of the bus is reduced by means of encoding the values that are conveyed over them. More precisely, three irredundant bus-encoding techniques are presented in this paper. These techniques decrease the bus activity by as much as 86% for instruction addresses without the need to add redundant bus lines. Having no redundancy means that exercising these techniques on any existing system does not require redesign and remanufacturing of the printed circuit board of the system. The power dissipation of the encoder and decoder blocks is insignificant in comparison with the power saved on the memory address bus. This makes these techniques capable of reducing the total power consumption.