gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive effects of the N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitor ARN077 in rodent pain models (2012)

Fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), which include palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), are endogenous agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and important regulators of the inflammatory response. They are degraded in macrophages by the lysosomal cysteine amidase, N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA). Previous studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of NAAA activity suppresses macrophage activation in vitro and causes marked anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, which is suggestive of a role for NAAA in the control of inflammation. It is still unknown, however, whether NAAA-mediated FAE deactivation might regulate pain signaling. The present study examined the effects of ARN077, a potent and selective NAAA inhibitor recently disclosed by our group, in rodent models of hyperalgesia and allodynia caused by inflammation or nerve damage. Topical administration of ARN077 attenuated, in a dose-dependent manner, heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia elicited in mice by carrageenan injection or sciatic nerve ligation. The antinociceptive effects of ARN077 were prevented by the selective PPAR-α antagonist GW6471 and did not occur in PPAR-α-deficient mice. Furthermore, topical ARN077 reversed the allodynia caused by ultraviolet B radiation in rats, and this effect was blocked by pretreatment with GW6471. Sciatic nerve ligation or application of the proinflammatory phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate decreased FAE levels in sciatic nerve and skin tissue, respectively. ARN077 reversed these biochemical effects. The results identify ARN077 as a potent inhibitor of intracellular NAAA activity, which is active in vivo by topical administration. The findings further suggest that NAAA regulates peripheral pain initiation by interrupting endogenous FAE signaling at PPAR-α.
Fast Exact/Quasi-Exact FBP Algorithms for Triple-Source Helical Cone-Beam CT (2009)

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has been improved over past years, but it still needs improvement for higher temporal resolution in the cases of high or irregular cardiac rates. Given successful applications of dual-source cardiac CT scanners, triple-source cone-beam CT seems a promising mode for cardiac CT. In this paper, we propose two filtered-backprojection algorithms for triple-source helical cone-beam CT. The first algorithm utilizes two families of filtering lines. These lines are parallel to the tangent of the scanning trajectory and the so-called L lines. The second algorithm utilizes two families of filtering lines tangent to the boundaries of the Zhao window and L lines, respectively, but it eliminates the filtering paths along the tangent of the scanning trajectory, thus reducing the required detector size greatly. The first algorithm is theoretically exact for r < 0.265R and quasi-exact for 0.265R <or= r < 0.495R, and the second algorithm is quasi-exact for r < 0.495R , where r and R denote the object radius and the trajectory radius, respectively. Both algorithms are computationally efficient. Numerical results are presented to verify and showcase the proposed algorithms.
Measures of sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic outflow from heartbeat dynamics (2018)

Reliable and effective noninvasive measures of sympathetic and parasympathetic peripheral outflow are of crucial importance in cardiovascular physiology. Although many techniques have been proposed to take up this long-lasting challenge, none has proposed a satisfying discrimination of the dynamics of the two separate branches. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability is the most currently used technique for such assessment. Despite its widespread use, it has been demonstrated that the subdivision in the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands does not fully reflect separate influences of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, respectively, mainly due to their simultaneous action in the LF. Two novel heartbeat-derived autonomic measures, the sympathetic activity index (SAI) and parasympathetic activity index (PAI), are proposed to separately assess the time-varying autonomic nervous system synergic functions. Their efficacy is validated in landmark autonomic maneuvers generally employed in clinical settings. The novel measures move beyond the classical frequency domain paradigm through identification of a set of coefficients associated with a proper combination of Laguerre base functions. The resulting measures were compared with the traditional LF and HF power. A total of 236 ECG recordings were analyzed for validation, including autonomic outflow changes elicited by procedures of different nature and temporal variation, such as postural changes, lower body negative pressure, and handgrip tests. The proposed SAI-PAI measures consistently outperform traditional frequency-domain indexes in tracking expected instantaneous autonomic variations, both vagal and sympathetic, and may aid clinical decision making, showing reduced intersubject variability and physiologically plausible dynamics. NEW & NOTEWORTHY While it is possible to obtain reliable estimates of parasympathetic activity from the ECG, a satisfying method to disentangle the sympathetic component from HRV has not been proposed yet. To overcome this long-lasting limitation, we propose two novel HRV-based indexes, the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity indexes.
Three-dimensional noncontact manipulation by opposite ultrasonic phased arrays (2014)

A three-dimensional acoustic manipulation in air is presented. Two arrays of ultrasonic transducers are arranged opposite each other, generating a localized standing wave at an arbitrary position through the phased-array focusing technique. Small particles are suspended in the nodes of the standing wave and also manipulated according to the position of the standing wave. This paper gives the following principles of the proposed method: the theory of acoustic levitation, the ultrasonic phased array, and the estimation of the radial and axial forces. It was experimentally confirmed that particles of 0.6 mm diameter are trapped in the nodes. The length of the localized standing wave, the suspension endurance, and the size of the work space were investigated. It was also demonstrated that a mass of particles can be scooped up when the localized standing wave moves through the mass.
Applications of laser-induced filaments for optical communication links (2014)

Free-space laser communications are subjected to performance degradation when heavy fog or smoke obscures the line of sight (high-loss optical media). On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that laser-induced plasma filaments (LIPF) can propagate for long distances (up to a few kilometers) through clouds and/or turbulent (lossy) atmosphere. Here we propose to use LIPF to improve and/or restore laser communication in adverse, high-loss and/or denied conditions. This work is focused on demonstrating the proof of concept and is dedicated primarily to gaseous, optically transparent media.
Homodimerization of Marek's Disease Virus-Encoded Meq Protein Is Not Sufficient for Transformation of Lymphocytes in Chickens (2008)

Marek's disease virus (MDV), the etiologic agent of Marek's disease, is a potent oncogenic herpesvirus. MDV is highly contagious and elicits a rapid onset of malignant T-cell lymphomas in chickens within several weeks after infection. MDV genome codes an oncoprotein, Meq, which shares resemblance with the Jun/Fos family of bZIP transcription factors. Similar to Jun, the leucine zipper region of Meq allows the formation of homo- and heterodimers. Meq homo- and heterodimers have different DNA binding affinities and transcriptional activity; therefore, they may differentially regulate transcription of viral and cellular genes. In this study we investigated the role of Meq homodimers in the pathogenicity of MDV by generating a chimeric meq gene, which contains the leucine zipper region of the yeast transcription factor GCN4 (meqGCN). A recombinant virus (rMd5-MeqGCN) containing the chimeric meqGCN gene in place of parental meq was generated with overlapping cosmid clones of Md5, a very virulent MDV strain. The rMd5-MeqGCN virus replicated in vitro and in vivo but was unable to transform T cells in infected chickens. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that Meq homodimers are not sufficient for MDV-induced transformation.
Existence of a Novel Enzyme Converting Maltose into Trehalose (1995)

A bacterium, Pimelohacter sp. R48, isolated from soil, showed the ability to produce trehalose from maltose. The partially purified enzyme from a cell-free extract catalyzed the conversion of maltose into trehalose without requiring phosphate. The enzyme was considered to be a new intramolecular glucosyltransferase. The enzyme was also tentatively found to exist in Pseudomonas putida H262 isolated from soil and in some Thermusstrains.
The effects of concomitant gradients on chemical shift encoded MRI (2016)

CG effects can impact CSE-MRI, leading to inaccurate estimation of B<sub>0</sub> field map, PDFF, and R2*. However, correction for phase errors caused by CGs improve the accuracy of quantitative parameters estimated from CSE-MRI acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 78:730-738, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Simplified phosphorus kinetic modeling: predicting changes in predialysis serum phosphorus concentration after altering the hemodialysis prescription (2014)

This study demonstrated that a simplified form of phosphorus kinetic modeling based on a pseudo one-compartment model can provide practical clinical guidance for predicting changes in predialysis serum phosphorus concentration after altering the HD prescription. Prospective validation of this approach in future studies is warranted.
Reconstructed 19 kDa Catalytic Domain of Gelatinase A Is an Active Proteinase (1995)

Matrix metalloproteinases share high protein sequence homology and have defined domain structures. Gelatinases have a unique 19 kDa fibronectin-like insert in the catalytic domain. A synthetic gene was made to express the catalytic domain of human gelatinase A (GCD), in which two polypeptide fragments of the catalytic domain were joined with deletion of the insert. The synthetic gene was highly expressed in Escherichia coli, and the 19 kDa GCD was purified to homogeneity after in vitro refolding. The GCD showed activity at a pH range of 5.5-9 in cleavage of the thiopeptolide Ac-Pro-Leu-Gly-thioester-Leu-Leu-Gly-OEt with optimal activity at neutral pH (Km = 134 microM and kcat = 16 s-1 at pH 7.0). The activity required both zinc and calcium ions, but high concentration of zinc ion showed inhibition. Several stromelysin catalytic domain inhibitors inhibited the GCD with similar specificity. The GCD cleaved the fluorogenic peptides Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 and Dnp-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Trp-Ala-D-Arg-NH2 with catalytic efficiency close to full length human gelatinase A. The reconstructed GCD cleaves not only thiopeptolide and peptide substrates but also protein substrates such as gelatin. These results are consistent with the notion that gelatinases have the same structure for the catalytic domain as other matrix metalloproteinases like stromelysins and collagenases.
Monitoring suPAR levels in post-kidney transplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange and rituximab (2018)

Serum suPAR levels reduced significantly after TPE and rituximab treatment in post transplant FSGS patients. The reduction in suPAR levels may be utilized to assess the changes in proteinuria and monitor the response to the therapies. Larger, multi-centered prospective studies monitoring serum suPAR levels in TPE managed post transplant FSGS are warranted.
Capacity Optimization of a 802.16e OFDMA/TDD Cellular System using the Joint Allocation of Sub-channel and Transmit Power (2007)

This paper solves the problem of finding a suitable sub-channel and power joint allocation method for multiple users in 802.16e OFDMA/TDD cellular systems. The joint allocation is that firstly the sub-channel is allocated to the users and then suitable power is allocated. We propose a FASA (fairness insured aggressive sub-channel allocation) algorithm which is a dynamic channel allocation algorithm considering all users' channel state information conditionally to maximize fairness and throughput. We compare the FASA algorithm with the conventional algorithms in the 2-tier cell environment and then analyze the performance of each algorithm through computer simulation in the downlink of 802.16e OFDMA/TDD system. The improved CHC algorithm, which is dynamic power allocation algorithm, is also proposed in this paper. The Improved CHC algorithm collects the extra of the downlink transmit power and then re-allocates it to other users. Simulation results show that the proposed improved CHC algorithm additionally increases the fairness and sector throughput.
Anthropomorphic simulator for minimally invasive epicardial access procedures (2009)

We have developed a prototype, in vitro anthropomorphic model for simulating pressure-guided, subxiphoid access procedures done to enable minimally invasive epicardial cardiac procedures including treatments for ventricular tachycardia. Life-size replicas of the heart and lungs were modelled using anatomically accurate surrogates. The dynamic pressure-frequency profiles of simulated pericardial fluid surrounding the water-pumped replica heart were measured and validated against previously acquired human intrapericardial pressure observations (Pearson's r = 0.88, p < 0.001). In replicating access procedures for approaching and entering the pericardial space, the system produced physiologically appropriate pressure measurements at each intermediate point along the needle's insertion pathway. Details of construction and performance are presented and discussed.
Quantization noise improvement of Time to Digital converter (TDC) for ADPLL (2009)

A number of communication applications are moving to digitally motivated architectures for their radio frequency module. This includes GSM-EDGE, WLAN, Bluetooth, GSM-GPRS, WiMAX. The All Digital PLL(ADPLL) forms the core of this architecture. The objective of the ADPLL is to generate a clean carrier frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> , based on a input reference frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> . As part of the phase error measurement of the PLL, a Time to Digital converter(TDC) is used to measure the delay between f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> clock edge and carrier clocking edge. An inverter chain is used to measure this delay as a integer number of basic inverter delay. This measurement error is termed TDC quantization error and effects the phase noise present in the final carrier. Due to the coarse delay of the basic inverter available, TDC introduces large quantization noise at the output of the PLL. This is too high for systems operating at high carrier frequencies or systems which have a tight phase noise requirement. This paper presents techniques to improve TDC quantization noise.
Volume estimation using food specific shape templates in mobile image-based dietary assessment (2011)

As obesity concerns mount, dietary assessment methods for prevention and intervention are being developed. These methods include recording, cataloging and analyzing daily dietary records to monitor energy and nutrient intakes. Given the ubiquity of mobile devices with built-in cameras, one possible means of improving dietary assessment is through photographing foods and inputting these images into a system that can determine the nutrient content of foods in the images. One of the critical issues in such the image-based dietary assessment tool is the accurate and consistent estimation of food portion sizes. The objective of our study is to automatically estimate food volumes through the use of food specific shape templates. In our system, users capture food images using a mobile phone camera. Based on information (i.e., food name and code) determined through food segmentation and classification of the food images, our system choose a particular food template shape corresponding to each segmented food. Finally, our system reconstructs the three-dimensional properties of the food shape from a single image by extracting feature points in order to size the food shape template. By employing this template-based approach, our system automatically estimates food portion size, providing a consistent method for estimation food volume.
Advanced Soft Magnetic CoFe Materials and CoFe Lamination Stacks (2009)

High-performance motors and generators require soft magnetic 49 % Co 49 % Fe 2 % V (basic composition of the CoFealloy) material due to their high induction saturation. In many cases the rotational speed is increasing in order to improve further the power density of the motor or generator. When the rotational speed is extremely high, the material has to exhibit a combination of high strength and good soft magnetic properties. However, the total power absorbed by the soft magnetic laminated rotor and stator stack should be as low as possible. The paper will cover a presentation of the whole range of 50%-CoFe alloys from the magnetically softest to the material with the highest strength. The physical aspects will be discussed as well. Furthermore data of a CoFe laminated stack which exhibits extremely low losses will be presented.
Optimal adaptive control using synchronous online learning (2012)

In this chapter, a new adaptive algorithm that solves the continuous-time (CT) optimal control problem online in real time for affine-in-the-inputs non-linear systems has been proposed. This algorithm is called as synchronous online optimal adaptive control for CT systems. The structure of this controller was based on the reinforcement learning policy iteration (RL PI ) algorithm, and the proofs were carried out using adaptive control Lyapunov function techniques.
Decoding the Molecular and Mutational Ambiguities of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Pathobiology (2015)

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN), considered a heterogeneous neoplasia, exhibit ill-defined pathobiology and protean symptomatology and are ubiquitous in location. They are difficult to diagnose, challenging to manage, and outcome depends on cell type, secretory product, histopathologic grading, and organ of origin. A morphologic and molecular genomic review of these lesions highlights tumor characteristics that can be used clinically, such as somatostatin-receptor expression, and confirms features that set them outside the standard neoplasia paradigm. Their unique pathobiology is useful for developing diagnostics using somatostatin-receptor targeted imaging or uptake of radiolabeled amino acids specific to secretory products or metabolism. Therapy has evolved via targeting of protein kinase B signaling or somatostatin receptors with drugs or isotopes (peptide-receptor radiotherapy). With DNA sequencing, rarely identified activating mutations confirm that tumor suppressor genes are relevant. Genomic approaches focusing on cancer-associated genes and signaling pathways likely will remain uninformative. Their uniquely dissimilar molecular profiles mean individual tumors are unlikely to be easily or uniformly targeted by therapeutics currently linked to standard cancer genetic paradigms. The prevalence of menin mutations in pancreatic NEN and P27<sup>KIP1</sup> mutations in small intestinal NEN represents initial steps to identifying a regulatory commonality in GEP-NEN. Transcriptional profiling and network-based analyses may define the cellular toolkit. Multianalyte diagnostic tools facilitate more accurate molecular pathologic delineations of NEN for assessing prognosis and identifying strategies for individualized patient treatment. GEP-NEN remain unique, poorly understood entities, and insight into their pathobiology and molecular mechanisms of growth and metastasis will help identify the diagnostic and therapeutic weaknesses of this neoplasia.
Phishing Intelligence Using the Simple Set Comparison Tool (2015)

Phishing websites, phish, attempt to deceive users into exposing their passwords, user IDs, and other sensitive information by imitating legitimate websites, such as banks, product vendors, and service providers. Phishing investigators need fast automated tools to analyze the volume of phishing attacks seen today. In this paper, we present the Simple Set Comparison tool. The Simple Set Comparison tool is a fast automated tool that groups phish by imitated brand allowing phishing investigators to quickly identify and focus on phish targeting a particular brand. The Simple Set Comparison tool is evaluated against a traditional clustering algorithm over a month's worth of phishing data, 19,825 confirmed phish. The results show clusters of comparable quality, but created more than 37 times faster than the traditional clustering algorithm. Keywords: phishing, phish kits, phishing investigation, data mining, parallel processing
Acoustic Echo Cancellation During Doubletalk Using Convolutive Blind Source Separation of Signals Having Temporal Dependence (2018)

This paper describes a new algorithm for acoustic echo cancellation during doubletalk or, more precisely, acoustic echo separation, based on blind source separation (BSS) of convolutively mixed signals. The signal model assumes independence between sources, but temporal dependence between time samples, specifically that the vector signals have first-order Markov dependence. The source separation is done using a maximum likelihood approach. The source separation does not always provide separation, because of too many degrees of freedom on the separation. However, when applied to the acoustic echo cancellation problem, the constraints of the echo system neatly solve this problem. An example shows that acoustic echoes can be cleanly separated during doubletalk.
Development of a Mercuric Iodide Detector Array For In-Vivo X-Ray Imaging (1994)

Abstract A nineteen element mercuric iodide (HgI 2 ) detector array has been developed in order to investigate the potential of using this technology for in-vivo x-ray and gamma-ray imaging. A prototype cross-grid detector array was constructed with hexagonal pixels of 1.9 mm diameter (active area = 3.28 mm 2 ) and 0.2 mm thick septa. The overall detector active area is roughly 65 mm 2 . A detector thickness of 1.2 mm was used to achieve about 100% efficiency at 60 keV and 67% efficiency at 140 keV The detector fabrication, geometry and structure were optimized for charge collection and to minimize crosstalk between elements. A section of a standard high resolution cast-lead gamma-camera collimator was incorporated into the detector to provide collimation matching the discrete pixel geometry. Measurements of spectral and spatial performance of the array were made using 241-Am and 99m-Tc sources. These measurements were compared with similar measurements made using an optimized single HgI 2 x-ray detector with active area of about 3 mm 2 and thickness of 500 μm.