gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of bubbles in laser-assisted wet etching (1991)

Evidence is presented to explain laser-based aqueous salt etching in terms of vapor bubble growth conditions at the irradiated surface of a substrate. The effect of pulse and frequency modulation of a cw laser is investigated to determine growth behavior for adhering bubbles in pure water. The role of salt in solution (such as KOH, NaOH, or CaCl2) is discussed in terms of its function as a diffusion barrier for growing vapor bubbles. Etching data are presented for the case of a Cu-vapor laser applied to a Mn-Zn-ferrite substrate, comparing results with and without KOH in the etching solution.
Abstract 10970: Simultaneous Atrial and Ventricular Pacing Can Separate Atrial Tachycardia from Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (2010)

Background: Identifying the mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) can often be challenging. We investigated the role of simultaneous atrial and ventricular (A+V) pacing in discriminating ...
Hormone replacement in menopausal women with multiple sclerosis (2016)

In this issue of Neurology ®, Bove et al.1 address whether hormone replacement therapy in the early menopausal years may be associated with better quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis (MS). There may be worsening of disabilities during menopause in women with MS,2 and functional networks of working memory circuitry are influenced by menopausal status.3 Estrogen replacement therapy administered after surgical menopause has shown beneficial effects on verbal memory,4 and a window of opportunity of estrogen treatment for neuroprotection has been proposed.5 In this retrospective analysis of data acquired from the Nurse's Healthy Study including 248 MS cases, the authors determined whether hormone use for at least 12 months was associated with better scores on the 10-item physical functioning assessment (PF10) subscale of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (quality of life). Surveys completed between 3 and 10 years after the final menstrual period were assessed (147 MS cases). They found that there was an association between better PF10 scores and estrogen use (mainly Premarin use; Pfizer, New York, NY). Also, duration of hormone treatment was associated with higher PF10 scores. An association between better PF10 scores and hormone use in women without MS was not found, suggesting that hormone treatment may uniquely benefit physical functioning in women with MS.
DOSSIER IMAGERIE ACOUSTIQUE ET OPTIQUE DES MILIEUX BIOLOGIQUES OPTICAL AND ACOUSTICAL IMAGING OF BIOLOGICAL MEDIA Tissue harmonic ultrasonic imaging (2001)

Harmonic imaging was originally developed for microbubble contrast agents in the early 90s under the assumption that tissue is linear and all harmonic echoes are generated by the bubbles. In fact, tissue, like bubbles, is a nonlinear medium. Whereas the harmonic echoes from bubbles have their origins in nonlinear scattering, those from tissue are a result of nonlinear propagation. The clinical benefits of tissue harmonic imaging are reduced reverberation noise and overall clutter level, improved border delineation, increased contrast resolution, and reduced phase aberration artifacts. To a large extent these benefits are explained by the properties of nonlinear propagation of the transmitted ultrasonic pulses in the tissue.  2001 Academie des sciences/Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS imaging / ultrasound / nonlinear / harmonic / acoustics / constrat agent perfusion
Cathepsins in Human Obesity: Changes in Energy Balance Predominantly Affect Cathepsin S in Adipose Tissue and in Circulation (2010)

Context: Recent studies in humans and mice suggest the implication of the cysteine proteases cathepsins S, L, and K in vascular and metabolic complications of obesity. Objective: Our objective was to identify clinically relevant forms of cathepsin in human obesity. Design and Setting: We conducted a prospective study on two independent cohorts. Participants and Interventions: The first cohort includes 45 obese women eligible for gastric surgery (age, 39 ± 1.6 yr; body mass index, 47 ± 0.99 kg/m2) and 17 nonobese women (age, 38 ± 1.8 yr; body mass index, 21 ± 0.44 kg/m2). The second cohort comprises 29 obese women (age, 57 ± 0.8 yr; body mass index, 34 ± 0.69 kg/m2) undergoing 6 months of medically supervised caloric restriction. Main Outcomes: Cathepsin S, L, and K mRNA levels were determined in surgical adipose tissue biopsies. The proteins were measured in conditioned medium of adipose tissue explants and in circulation. Results: Obese subjects had a 2-fold increase in cathepsin S mRNA in adipose tissue...
Field studies of a rapid, accurate means of quantifying Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine samples. (1976)

A new means of quantifying schistosome eggs has been adapted from the laboratory to the field. Urine from 510 individuals in areas of Kenya with a high prevalence of schistosomiasis haematobia was injected in aliquots of 10, 5 and 1 ml on to transparent Nuclepore filters, 13 mm in diameter. The filters were placed face down on glass slides and were read without staining at x40 magnification. The method has been shown to be accurate, sensitive, and reproducible, and also extremely rapid.
Target inhibition of galectin-3 by inhaled TD139 in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2020)

Galectin (Gal)-3 is a profibrotic β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and IPF exacerbations. TD139 is a novel and potent small-molecule inhibitor of Gal-3.A randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled TD139 in 36 healthy subjects and 24 patients with IPF. Six dose cohorts of six healthy subjects were evaluated (4:2 TD139:placebo ratio) with single doses of TD139 (0.15-50 mg) and three dose cohorts of eight patients with IPF (5:3 TD139:placebo ratio) with once-daily doses of TD139 (0.3-10 mg) for 14 days.Inhaled TD139 was well tolerated with no significant treatment-related side-effects. TD139 was rapidly absorbed, with mean time taken to reach maximum plasma concentration (<i>C</i> <sub>max</sub>) values ranging from 0.6 to 3 h and a plasma half-life (<i>T</i> <sub>1/2</sub>) of 8 h. The concentration of TD139 in the lung was >567-fold higher than in the blood, with systemic exposure predicting exposure in the target compartment. Gal-3 expression on alveolar macrophages was reduced in the 3 and 10 mg dose groups compared with placebo, with a concentration-dependent inhibition demonstrated. Inhibition of Gal-3 expression in the lung was associated with reductions in plasma biomarkers centrally relevant to IPF pathobiology (platelet-derived growth factor-BB, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, Gal-3, CCL18 and YKL-40).TD139 is safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects and IPF patients. It was shown to suppress Gal-3 expression on bronchoalveolar lavage macrophages and, in a concerted fashion, decrease plasma biomarkers associated with IPF progression.
Layout Optimization of the Receiver Coils for Multitransmitter Wireless Power Transfer Systems (2017)

This paper presents a novel method which is proposed to determine the optimal receiver coils when the transmitter coils are predetermined for multitransmitter wireless power transfer system, using the gradient-based optimization algorithm. The fixed grid-based coil representation, which is newly introduced, allows for effective changes in the coil layout during the optimization through assigning appropriate values for the reference coil turn and relative coil turns, which are set as design variables in the proposed method. The magnetic field strength, induced voltage, and coil mass are mathematically derived in order to obtain their analytical sensitivities with respect to the design variables. As an application example, a wireless portable charger with multiple transmitter coils is selected in order to minimize the mass of the receiver coils, while satisfying the induced voltage and magnetic field strength constraints. The optimized coil layouts are then experimentally validated, which demonstrates the feasibility and potential of the proposed method.
A Preliminary Report on the Usage of an Intracorporal Antibiotic Cast with Synthetic High Purity CaSO4 for the Treatment of Infected Penile Implant (2013)

Data in reference to SHPCaSO4 shows that this product dissolves in approximately 4-6 weeks. This may account for the difference in the ease of delayed implantation between the two patients. Further investigation is warranted.
Quantification of Infection with Schistosoma haematobium in Relation to Epidemiology and Selective Population Chemotherapy. I. Minimal Number of Daily Egg Counts in Urine Necessary to Establish Intensity of Infection (1978)

The intensity of infection with Schistosoma haematobium (worm burden) can be approximated by quantifying the number of parasite eggs excreted in the urine. A new method of egg counting has been developed in which urine samples are passed through transparent Nuclepore filters (Nuclepore Corp., Pleasanton, Calif.). The method requires no staining, is rapid, and can be performed in the field. It has previously been reported, however, that there is a significant daily fluctuation in output of eggs in the urine of patients with schistosomiasis haematobia. In the present study, daily urine samples were obtained on each of the 10 school days during a 12-day period from 121 schoolchildren in Coast Province, Kenya (total, 10 samples per child). In terms of detecting infection, it was of interest that egg counts of 0 were very rarely recorded for subjects whose mean egg counts were greater than 20/10 ml of urine. When the patients were classified into one of four groups, according to egg count (less than 1, 1--100, 101--400, greater than 400), the proportion correctly classified based on a single urine specimen was 75%; this proportion rose to 78% when the classification was based on two specimens and to 83% with three specimens. Most of the urine specimens that were misclassified belonged in an adjacent group.
Light-load efficiency improvement for flyback converter based on hybrid clamp circuit (2016)

A novel clamp circuit applied to the flyback converter is proposed to improve the efficiency of the active clamp flyback converter during light load. The proposed clamp circuit combines the active clamp circuit and the transient voltage suppression (TVS) circuit which belongs to the passive clamp circuit. Therefore, during light load, the MOSFET switch of the active clamp circuit is always turned off and TVS circuit is used to suppress the voltage spike whereas during heavy load, only the active clamp circuit is used to suppress the voltage spike. The experimental results show an approximately 5% increase in efficiency during light load as compared to the traditional active clamp flyback converter.
Method for flow reconstruction from dynamic X-ray projection measurements (2005)

3D rotational X-ray imaging is currently most widely applied for the visualization of complex vessel structures and malformations. In addition to the static 3D information, the time-dependent contrast agent wave propagation can be derived using an additional projection series and a corresponding reconstruction. A stabilized flow reconstruction method is presented, which enables the visualization of the contrast agent propagation in 3D. It is based on the framework of linear programming and is a global optimization scheme for a complete vascular tree. A new approach to add a smoothness constraint is presented.
Remote plasma etching of silicon nitride and silicon dioxide using NF3/O2 gas mixtures (1998)

The etching of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) in the afterglow of NF3 and NF3/O2 microwave discharges has been characterized. The etch rates of both materials increase approximately linearly with the flow of NF3 due to the increased availability of F atoms. The etch rate of Si3N4 is enhanced significantly upon O2 injection into the NF3 discharge for O2/NF3 ratios of 0.3 and higher, whereas the SiO2 etch rate is less influenced for the same flow ratios. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of processed Si3N4 samples shows that the fluorine content of the reactive layer, which forms on the Si3N4 surface during etching, decreases with the flow of O2, and instead oxidation and nitrogen depletion of the surface occur. The oxidation of the reactive layer follows the same dependence on the flow of O2 as the etch rate. Argon actinometry and quadrupole mass spectrometry are used to identify reactive species in the etching of both materials. The atomic fluorine density decreases due to dilution as O2 is added to the discharge. The mass spectrometer did not detect NFx species (x=1–3) at any discharge parameter setting, which indicates the near complete dissociation of NF3. Nitric oxide (NO) was detected by mass spectrometry, and the NO density shows the same dependence on O2 flow as the Si3N4 etch rate and the surface oxidation. Based on this observation, we propose that the etch rate enhancement for Si3N4 is due to the adsorption of the NO on the Si3N4 surface, followed by the formation of N2 with a N atom from the surface. The O atom can then attach to the same surface site, contributing to the oxidation.
FKBPL: a novel prognostic and predictive biomarker? (2010)

Retrospective studies on male breast cancer (MBC) have suff ered from small numbers of cases available from any one centre; thus a signifi cant problem in eff ectively studying this disease is accruing suffi ciently large numbers to allow comparative analysis of biomarkers associated with response. Using a coordinated multicentre approach, we present the fi rst large-scale study to address the relevance of the expression of hormone receptors in MBC and female breast cancer (FBC) using immunohistochemistry combined with a novel bioinformatics approach. Following ethical approval, 523 archival blocks (260 MBCs and 263 matched FBCs) were obtained retrospectively. Tissue microarrays were constructed and sections stained for ER, ER1, ER2, ER5, total PR, PRA, PRB and AR and typed using CK5/6, CK14, CK18 and CK19 by immunohistochemistry. Following scoring, a range of ordination techniques were conducted on the datasets including hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the diff erential nature of infl uences and interactions between MBC and FBC. Luminal A subgroup (ER + and/or PR + , HER2 -) was the most common phenotype in both sexes. Luminal B (ER + and/or PR + , HER2 + ) was not seen in males, while basal-like tumours (ER -, PR -, HER2 -, CK5/6 + ) were infrequent in both. Hierarchical clustering revealed common clusters between MBC and FBC including total PR-PRA-PRB and ER1/2 clusters. ER occurred on distinct clusters between males and females. AR, ER1, ER2 and ER5 all existed on the same cluster but with a diff erent substructure, particularly around the positioning of AR. ER associated with this cluster in the male but not the female group. PCA confi rmed that in both groups strong infl uences came from PR-PRA-PRB. In MBC strong infl uences additionally came from AR and ER1, ER2 and ER5, whereas in FBC strong infl uences came from ER alone. Our data support the hypothesis that breast cancer is biologically diff erent in male and females, which could have implications for therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Keto Heterocycle Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase: Carbonyl Group Modification and α‐Substitution. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Specific genomic DNA fragment analysis of different geographical clinical samples of shrimp white spot syndrome virus (1999)

White spot syndrome (WSS) has been found in many species of shrimp and crabs, not just In Asia but globally. The causative agent is known as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In order to clarify the relatedness of WSSV from various geographic regions, we compared the viral DNA of a number of clinical samples of WSSV. (1) China96-116A from Penaeus chlnens~s, (2) India95-314 from Penaeus monodon, (3) grocery store95-204 and grocery store96-l15 from P. rnonodon possibly originating from Thailand, (4) crayfish97-25 from Orconectespunctimanuscollected from the U.S. National Zoo, (5) Thailand95-46 from experimentally infected Penaeus vannamei. ( These specimens were first examined by dot hybridization analysis with nucleic acid probes derived from a WSSV Taiwan isolate.
Association of Serial Measures of Cardiac Troponin T Using a Sensitive Assay With Incident Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older Adults (2010)

In this cohort of older adults without known HF, baseline cTnT levels and changes in cTnT levels measured with a highly sensitive assay were significantly associated with incident HF and cardiovascular death.
Reactive-ion etching of tungsten for high-resolution x-ray masks (1994)

A process for etching fine features in tungsten (100 nm linewidth or less) to produce patterned absorbers has been developed. The pattern is first defined in a chrome etch mask on the tungsten absorber layer using e-beam lithography and s then transferred into the tungsten by reactive-ion-etching. H<SUB>2</SUB> is mixed with SF<SUB>6</SUB> to passivate the sidewalls of the tungsten features because SF<SUB>6</SUB> alone causes severe undercutting of the features. Control of undercutting is the key challenge in reactive ion etching of tungsten. With an optimum mixture of 20% H<SUB>2</SUB> and 80% SF<SUB>6</SUB>, plus substrate cooling to -25 degree(s)C, undercutting can be controlled for 250 nm geometries. Increased undercutting has been observed at the endpoint of the etching process, the chromium etch stop layer. This is demonstrated through a computer model. The endpoint can be controlled through laser endpoint detection. For sub 250 nm geometries, additional sidewall passivation is accomplished with an intermittent etch process, thereby allowing the etching of high aspect ratio 100 nm features in 650 nm thick tungsten layers.
An all-at-once reduced Hessian SQP algorithm for frequency domain optical tomography (2009)

We introduce in this work a PDE-constrained approach to optical tomography that makes use of an all-atonce reduced Hessian Sequential Quadratic Programming (rSQP) scheme. The proposed scheme treats the forward and inverse variables independently, which makes it possible to update the radiation intensities and the optical coefficients simultaneously by solving the forward and inverse problems, all at once. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme with numerical and experimental data, and find that the rSQP scheme can reduce the computation time by a factor of 10 to 25, as compared to the commonly employed limited memory BFGS method.
Directed Growth of Free-StandingSingle-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirected Growth of Free-StandingSingle-Walled Carbon NanotubesAlan M. Cassell, Nathan R. Franklin, Thomas W. Tombler, Emory M. Chan, Jie Han, and Hongjie DaiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94350 NASA Ames Research Center, M/S T27A-1 Moffett Field, California 94035 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 34, 7975–7976Publication Date (Web):August 10, 1999Publication History Received21 June 1999Published online10 August 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja992083thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja992083trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1440Altmetric-Citations219LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Catalysts,Chemical vapor deposition,Materials,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Novel block ionomers II. Synthesis and characterization of polyisobutylene‐based block cationomers (2002)

Abstract Various novel block cationomers consisting of polyisobutylene (PIB) and poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) segments were synthesized and characterized. The specific targets were various molecular weight diblocks (PIB‐ b ‐PDMAEMA + ) and triblocks (PDMAEMA + ‐ b ‐PIB‐ b ‐PDMAEMA + ), with the PIB blocks in the DP n = 50–200 range (number‐average molecular weight = 3,000–9000 g/mol) connected to blocks of PDMAEMA + cations in the DP n = 5–20 range (where DP is the number‐average degree of polymerization). The overall synthetic strategy for the preparation of these block cationomers had four steps: (1) synthesis by living cationic polymerization of mono‐ and diallyltelechelic polyisobutylenes, (2) end‐group transformation to obtain PIBs fitted with termini capable of mediating the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of DMAEMA, (3) ATRP of DMAEMA, and (4) quaternization of PDMAEMA to PDMAEMA + I − by CH 3 I. Scheme 1 shows the microarchitecture and outlines the synthesis route. Kinetic and model experiments provided guidance for developing convenient synthesis methods. The microarchitecture of PIB–PDMAEMA di‐ and triblocks and the corresponding block cationomers were confirmed by 1 H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and solubility studies. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3679–3691, 2002
An Amplitude Resolution Improvement of an RF-DAC Employing Pulsewidth Modulation (2011)

We propose a time-domain technique that significantly improves resolution of an RF-DAC. As an alternative to resorting to various resolution improvement attempts in the amplitude domain or through quantization noise shaping, pulsewidth modulation (PWM) of a single unit switching device is employed with fine timing accuracy easily afforded by advanced CMOS technology. The PWM is categorized into centered PWM and noncentered PWM depending on the relative pulse position, and their performance and implementation methods are compared. The technique is examined in the context of a commercial EDGE polar transmitter realized in 65 nm CMOS, which employs an amplitude modulator with basic 10-bit amplitude resolution limited by the RF-DAC switching device mismatches. The proposed architectures with centered PWM and noncentered PWM achieve the worst case resolution improvement of 2.2 bits and 2.5 bits, respectively, assuming 20-ps worst case time granularity of the PWM signal controls.