gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz array receivers with integrated antennas (2012)

Highly sensitive terahertz heterodyne receivers have been mostly single-pixel. However, now there is a real need of multi-pixel array receivers at these frequencies driven by the science and instrument requirements. In this paper we explore various receiver front-end and antenna architectures for use in multi-pixel integrated arrays at terahertz frequencies. Development of wafer-level integrated terahertz receiver front-end by using advanced semiconductor fabrication technologies has progressed very well over the past few years. Novel stacking of micro-machined silicon wafers which allows for the 3-dimensional integration of various terahertz receiver components in extremely small packages has made it possible to design multi-pixel heterodyne arrays. One of the critical technologies to achieve fully integrated system is the antenna arrays compatible with the receiver array architecture. In this paper we explore different receiver and antenna architectures for multi-pixel heterodyne and direct detector arrays for various applications such as multi-pixel high resolution spectrometer and imaging radar at terahertz frequencies.
Recent Progress in Electromagnetic Metamaterial Devices for Terahertz Applications (2010)

Recent advances in metamaterials (MMs) research have highlighted the possibility to create novel devices with unique electromagnetic (EM) functionality. Indeed, the power of MMs lies in the fact that it is possible to construct materials with a user-designed EM response at a precisely controlled target frequency. This is especially important for the technologically relevant terahertz (THz) frequency regime with a view toward creating new component technologies to manipulate radiation in this hard to access wavelength range. Considerable progress has been made in the design, fabrication, and characterization of MMs at THz frequencies. This article reviews the latest trends in THz MM research.
Notice of Removal: Shear-wave imaging of viscoelasticity using local impulse response identification (2017)

Removed.
There Is Still Room for Improvement: Presentation of a Neutral Borosilicate Glass with Improved Chemical Stability for Parenteral Packaging (2016)

The pharmaceutical market has been quite constant and risk-oriented due to the high impact on the safety of the patient. As any change necessitates a complicated change process, this has, in consequence, lead the industry to resist changing the parenteral primary packaging material for decades. The main glasses have either been Type I borosilicate or Type III soda-lime glass. On the other hand, a combination of improved inspection systems and the development of more sensitive biologically based drugs has elevated the standards for parental packaging materials. For example, the measurement of extractables and leachables from the packaging material steadily came into focus. In this article, a new glass is presented that still belongs to the group of Type I borosilicate glasses according to all pharmacopeia. However, with some minor adjustments in the chemical composition it was possible to increase the chemical stability measurably. To prove this several studies were performed, of which the extraction study with water at 121 °C and the accelerated ageing study with water, phosphate, and carbonate buffer at 40 °C for 12 months are presented here.
High-Affinity, Small-Molecule Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of MLL1/WDR5 Protein–Protein Interaction (2012)

Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase, and targeting the MLL1 enzymatic activity has been proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute leukemia harboring MLL1 fusion proteins. The MLL1/WDR5 protein-protein interaction is essential for MLL1 enzymatic activity. In the present study, we designed a large number of peptidomimetics to target the MLL1/WDR5 interaction based upon -CO-ARA-NH-, the minimum binding motif derived from MLL1. Our study led to the design of high-affinity peptidomimetics, which bind to WDR5 with K(i) < 1 nM and function as potent antagonists of MLL1 activity in a fully reconstituted in vitro H3K4 methyltransferase assay. Determination of co-crystal structures of two potent peptidomimetics in complex with WDR5 establishes their structural basis for high-affinity binding to WDR5. Evaluation of one such peptidomimetic, MM-102, in bone marrow cells transduced with MLL1-AF9 fusion construct shows that the compound effectively decreases the expression of HoxA9 and Meis-1, two critical MLL1 target genes in MLL1 fusion protein mediated leukemogenesis. MM-102 also specifically inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in leukemia cells harboring MLL1 fusion proteins. Our study provides the first proof-of-concept for the design of small-molecule inhibitors of the WDR5/MLL1 protein-protein interaction as a novel therapeutic approach for acute leukemia harboring MLL1 fusion proteins.
Constrained Acquisition of Ink Spreading Curves From Printed Color Images (2010)

Today's spectral reflection prediction models are able to predict the reflection spectra of printed color images with an accuracy as high as the reproduction variability allows. However, to calibrate such models, special uniform calibration patches need to be printed. These calibration patches use space and have to be removed from the final product. The present contribution shows how to deduce the ink spreading behavior of the color halftones from spectral reflectances acquired within printed color images. Image tiles of a color as uniform as possible are selected within the printed images. The ink spreading behavior is fitted by relying on the spectral reflectances of the selected image tiles. A relevance metric specifies the impact of each ink spreading curve on the selected image tiles. These relevance metrics are used to constrain the corresponding ink spreading curves. Experiments performed on an inkjet printer demonstrate that the new constraint-based calibration of the spectral reflection prediction model performs well when predicting color halftones significantly different from the selected image tiles. For some prints, the proposed image based model calibration is more accurate than a classical calibration.
Ultra-high accuracy optical testing: creating diffraction-limitedshort-wavelength optical systems (2005)

Since 1993, research in the fabrication of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optical imaging systems, conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), has produced the highest resolution optical systems ever made. We have pioneered the development of ultra-high-accuracy optical testing and alignment methods, working at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths, and pushing wavefront-measuring interferometry into the 2-20-nm wavelength range (60-600 eV). These coherent measurement techniques, including lateral shearing interferometry and phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometry (PS/PDI) have achieved RMS wavefront measurement accuracies of 0.5-1-{angstrom} and better for primary aberration terms, enabling the creation of diffraction-limited EUV optics. The measurement accuracy is established using careful null-testing procedures, and has been verified repeatedly through high-resolution imaging. We believe these methods are broadly applicable to the advancement of short-wavelength optical systems including space telescopes, microscope objectives, projection lenses, synchrotron beamline optics, diffractive and holographic optics, and more. Measurements have been performed on a tunable undulator beamline at LBNL's Advanced Light Source (ALS), optimized for high coherent flux; although many of these techniques should be adaptable to alternative ultraviolet, EUV, and soft x-ray light sources. To date, we have measured nine prototype all-reflective EUV optical systems with NA values between 0.08 and 0.30 (f/6.25 to f/1.67). These projection-imaging lenses were created for the semiconductor industry's advanced research in EUV photolithography, a technology slated for introduction in 2009-13. This paper reviews the methods used and our program's accomplishments to date.
Structure–Activity Relationship for the Oxadiazole Class of Antibacterials (2019)

A structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the oxadiazole class of antibacterials was evaluated by syntheses of 72 analogs and determination of the minimal-inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against the ESKAPE panel of bacteria. Selected compounds were further evaluated for <i>in vitro</i> toxicity, plasma protein binding, pharmacokinetics (PK), and a mouse model of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) infection. Oxadiazole <b>72c</b> shows potent <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity, exhibits low clearance, a high volume of distribution, and 41% oral bioavailability, and shows efficacy in mouse models of MRSA infection.
Short Term High Fat Diet Challenge Promotes Alternative Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue via Natural Killer T Cells and Interleukin-4 (2012)

Inflammation in adipose tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated complications. However, the detailed cellular events underlying the inflammatory changes at the onset of obesity have not been characterized. Here we show that an acute HFD challenge is unexpectedly associated with elevated alternative (M2) macrophage polarization in adipose tissue mediated by Natural Killer T (NKT) cells. Upon 4d HFD feeding, NKT cells are activated, promote M2 macrophage polarization and induce arginase 1 expression via interleukin (IL)-4 in adipose tissue, not in the liver. In NKT-deficient CD1d(-/-) mice, M2 macrophage polarization in adipose tissue is reduced while systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin tolerance are impaired upon 4d HFD challenge. Thus, our study demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that acute HFD feeding is associated with remarkably pronounced and dynamic immune responses in adipose tissue, and adipose-resident NKT cells may link acute HFD feeding with inflammation.
Energy States of a Core‐Shell Metal Oxide Photocatalyst Enabling Visible Light Absorption and Utilization in Solar‐to‐Fuel Conversion of Carbon Dioxide (2016)

A core-shell metal oxide photocatalyst providing energy states for visible light absorption and efficient electron–hole separation has been reported and proven to be very efficient for solar-to-fuel conversion of carbon dioxide. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A method for genotyping elite breeding stocks of leaf chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) by assaying mapped microsatellite marker loci (2015)

This method proved to be useful for assessing the observed degree of homozygosity of the inbred lines as a measure of their genetic stability; plus it allowed an estimate of the specific combining ability (SCA) between maternal and paternal inbred lines on the basis of their genetic diversity and the predicted degree of heterozygosity of their F1 hybrids. This information could be exploited for planning crosses and predicting plant vigor traits (i.e., heterosis) of experimental F1 hybrids on the basis of the genetic distance and allelic divergence between parental inbred lines. Knowing the parental genotypes would allow us not only to protect newly registered varieties but also to assess the genetic purity and identity of the seed stocks of commercial F1 hybrids, and to certificate the origin of their food derivatives.
Agrodrench: a novel and effective agroinoculation method for virus‐induced gene silencing in roots and diverse Solanaceous species (2004)

Summary Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an extremely powerful tool for plant functional genomics. We used Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-derived VIGS vectors expressed from binary vectors within Agrobacterium to induce RNA silencing in plants. Leaf infiltration is the most common method of agroinoculation used for VIGS but this method has limitations as it is laborious for large-scale screening and some plants are difficult to infiltrate. Here we have developed a novel and simple method of agroinoculation, called 'agrodrench', where soil adjacent to the plant root is drenched with an Agrobacterium suspension carrying the TRV-derived VIGS vectors. By agrodrench we successfully silenced the expression of phytoene desaturase (PDS), a 20S proteasome subunit (PB7) or Mg-protoporphyrin chelatase (Chl H) encoding genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and in economically important crops such as tomato, pepper, tobacco, potato, and Petunia, all belonging to the Solanaceae family. An important aspect of agrodrench is that it can be used for VIGS in very young seedlings, something not possible by the leaf infiltration method, which usually requires multiple fully expanded leaves for infiltration. We also demonstrated that VIGS functioned to silence target genes in plant roots. The agrodrench method of agroinoculation was more efficient than the leaf infiltration method for VIGS in roots. Agrodrench will facilitate rapid large-scale functional analysis of cDNA libraries and can also be applied to plants that are not currently amenable to VIGS technology by conventional inoculation methods.
Present status of buried contact solar cells (2002)

Recent years have seen substantially increased performance for laboratory Silicon solar cells. The standard commercial screen-printing cell process sequence appears unable to take advantage of many of these improvements. Consequently, until recently, the efficiency of commercial cells has lagged considerably. The buried contact cell provides a commercial approach able to bridge this gap. During 1990 and 1991, the first results from commercial pilot production of these cells were reported. These confirm that the efficiency advantage of this technology can be realized in commercial production with efficiency 25-35% higher than screen-printing sequences demonstrated. Recent laboratory improvements for the buried contact cell which have resulted in cell efficiencies above 21% are reported. These improvements also appear transferable to commercial production Commercial modules of 20% efficiency may result from this technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of a Human Sperm CD52 Glycoform in Primates: Identification of an Animal Model for Immunocontraceptive Vaccine Development1 (2002)

Sperm agglutination antigen-1 (SAGA-1) is a human male reproductive tract glycoform of CD52. Unique modification of CD52 N-linked oligosaccharide chains in the epididymis and vas deferens results in the appearance of a carbohydrate epitope that is localized over the entire surface of human spermatozoa. SAGA-1 was characterized by the sperm-inhibitory murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) S19, and it is the target antigen of a human mAb (H6-3C4) associated with antibody-mediated infertility. Collectively, sperm surface localization, antibody inhibition of sperm function, and potential reproductive-tissue specificity identify SAGA-1 as an attractive candidate contraceptive immunogen. To establish an animal model for the study of SAGA-1 in immunologic infertility and immunocontraceptive development, we investigated the appearance of the S19 carbohydrate epitope in nonhuman primates. The S19 mAb demonstrated little to no immunoreactivity by Western blot analysis with protein extracts of spermatozoa from the baboon, marmoset, bonnet, cynomolgus, and pigtailed macaques. Immunohistochemical analysis identified CD52 in the bonnet monkey epididymis; however, the N-linked carbohydrate moiety recognized by the S19 mAb, and unique to SAGA-1, was absent. In contrast, the S19 carbohydrate epitope was identified in chimpanzee sperm extracts by Western blot analysis and in chimpanzee epididymal tissue sections by immunohistochemical analysis, indicating that it is conserved in this close relative of the human. Chimpanzee testis, seminal vesicle, and prostate do not express the S19 epitope. Although anti-CD52 immunoreactivity was identified in the spleen, the carbohydrate moiety recognized by the S19 mAb was absent, corroborating data in the human that demonstrated tissue-specific glycosylation of sperm CD52. Immunofluorescent analysis indicated that the chimpanzee homologue of sperm CD52 was present over the entire spermatozoon. In addition, the S19 mAb agglutinated chimpanzee spermatozoa in a manner similar to the effect observed on human spermatozoa. These data indicate that the distinctive carbohydrate moiety of human sperm CD52 is present in the chimpanzee, and they identify the chimpanzee as the most appropriate primate model to study the potential of this unique CD52 glycoform as a contraceptive immunogen.
Charging and Transport Dynamics of a Flow-Through Electrode Capacitive Deionization System (2018)

We present a study of the interplay among electric charging rate, capacitance, salt removal, and mass transport in "flow-through electrode" capacitive deionization (CDI) systems. We develop two models describing coupled transport and electro-adsorption/desorption which capture salt removal dynamics. The first model is a simplified, unsteady zero-dimensional volume-averaged model which identifies dimensionless parameters and figures of merits associated with cell performance. The second model is a higher fidelity area-averaged model which captures both spatial and temporal responses of charging. We further conducted an experimental study of these dynamics and considered two salt transport regimes: (1) advection-limited regime and (2) dispersion-limited regime. We use these data to validate models. The study shows that, in the advection-limited regime, differential charge efficiency determines the salt adsorption at the early stage of the deionization process. Subsequently, charging transitions to a quasi-steady state where salt removal rate is proportional to applied current scaled by the inlet flow rate. In the dispersion-dominated regime, differential charge efficiency, cell volume, and diffusion rates govern adsorption dynamics and flow rate has little effect. In both regimes, the interplay among mass transport rate, differential charge efficiency, cell capacitance, and (electric) charging current governs salt removal in flow-through electrode CDI.
Guidelines to electrode positioning for human and animal electrical impedance myography research (2016)

The positioning of electrodes in electrical impedance myography (EIM) is critical for accurately assessing disease progression and effectiveness of treatment. In human and animal trials for neuromuscular disorders, inconsistent electrode positioning adds errors to the muscle impedance. Despite its importance, how the reproducibility of resistance and reactance, the two parameters that define EIM, are affected by changes in electrode positioning remains unknown. In this paper, we present a novel approach founded on biophysical principles to study the reproducibility of resistance and reactance to electrode misplacements. The analytical framework presented allows the user to quantify a priori the effect on the muscle resistance and reactance using only one parameter: the uncertainty placing the electrodes. We also provide quantitative data on the precision needed to position the electrodes and the minimum muscle length needed to achieve a pre-specified EIM reproducibility. The results reported here are confirmed with finite element model simulations and measurements on five healthy subjects. Ultimately, our data can serve as normative values to enhance the reliability of EIM as a biomarker and facilitate comparability of future human and animal studies.
TEA: transmission error approximation for distance estimation between two Zigbee devices (2010)

This paper presents a simple and cost-effective method for distance estimation between two devices. The main idea is to use packet loss estimation, and hence named TEA: transmission error approximation. TEA measures packet loss and uses packet loss statistics to estimate the approximate distance between two Zigbee devices. Both analysis and experiments have been carried out to validate the method. Our field experiments have demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
Amphoteric behavior of Ge implants in GaAs (1979)

The electrical properties of Ge-implanted GaAs have been studied. Room-temperature implantation was performed at 120 keV with doses ranging from 5×1012 to 3×1015/cm2. Implanted samples were annealed with pyrolytic Si3N4 encapsulants at temperatures ranging from 700 to 950 °C. It was found that both p- and n-type layers were produced, depending upon ion dose and anneal temperature. For doses of ∼1×1014/cm2 or below, the implanted layer is p type at anneal temperatures up to 950 °C, with electrical activation up to 38%. For doses of ∼1×1015/cm2 or above, the implanted layer is n type at all anneal temperatures, with activation up to 5%. For the intermediate dose of 3×1014/cm2, the conductivity changes from p to n type at an anneal temperature between 900 and 950 °C.
Phase regeneration of phase encoded signals by hybrid optical phase squeezer (2014)

We present a new method to perform phase regeneration of phase encoded signals. In our concept called "hybrid optical phase squeezer (HOPS)," a multilevel phase-quantized signal is synthesized through the coherent addition of a phase-conjugate copy of the signal and a phase harmonic of the signal with a frequency shifter. Unlike the conventional method by phase sensitive amplification, HOPS does not use any optical parametric gain such that only optical elements with low optical nonlinearity are necessary for optical phase quantization. In the proof-of-concept experiment, it is confirmed that a 2-level HOPS can perform quadrature squeezing with an extinction ratio of 40 dB. Simultaneous phase regeneration of two coherent wavelength-division-multiplexed 10.75-Gb/s binary phase-shift keyed signals is successfully demonstrated using a 2-level HOPS based on a semiconductor optical amplifier.