gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting phosphodiesterase 7B and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP‐1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2010)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of B‐cells. We have shown that CLL is associated with increased mRNA expression of phosphodiesterase 7B (PDE7B), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cAMP, and that PDE7 inhibitors promote apoptosis of CLL cells in a cAMP/protein kinase A‐dependent manner. In addition, we find that the expression of E xchange p rotein directly a ctivated by c AMP (Epac), a downstream mediator of cAMP, is higher in CLL cells than in normal‐PBMC and B‐cells; its activation protects CLL cells from apoptosis. We investigated if the increase in PDE7B mRNA in CLL correlates with that of Epac‐1 and if targeted simultaneously would increase cAMP‐promoted apoptosis of CLL cells. We find that patients with CLL show a significant correlation between their fold‐increases in PDE7B and Epac‐1 mRNA (P<0.001, r=0.5395, n = 45). Inhibiting Epac‐1 or Epac‐1 signaling via siRNA (48 hr) or Rap‐1 inhibition (GGT1‐298, 5 μM, 48 hr), respectively, induced apoptosis in CLL cells and enhanced the pro‐apoptotic effect of PDE4/7 inhibition (IR‐284, 48 hr, 10nM). These data suggest that studies to define the regulation of PDE7B and Epac‐1 may provide insights into the pathophysiology of CLL and that decreasing the expression and function of Epac‐1 may be beneficial for treatment of CLL by increasing the pro‐apoptotic effects of PDE7 inhibitors. Supported by the Lymphoma and Leukemia Society and NIH.
Novel thermosets obtained by the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of a functionalized vegetable oil and dicyclopentadiene (2009)

Abstract New polymeric thermosetting resins prepared by the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a commercially available vegetable oil derivative, Dilulin, and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) have been prepared and characterized. A thorough characterization of the modified oil itself has been carried out to elucidate its structure. Grubbs' second‐generation catalyst has been used to effect the ROMP of the strained unsaturated norbornene‐like rings in the commercial oil. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the resulting thermosetting resins has revealed that glass‐transition temperatures ranging from 36 to −29°C can be obtained when the proper ratio of oil to DCPD is employed. Thermogravimetric analysis has revealed that these resins have very similar temperatures of maximum degradation. Extraction analysis has indicated that all the samples had at least a 20% soluble fraction and that the soluble fraction was composed of oligomers, unreacted triglyceride oil, or both. The effect of the soluble fraction as a plasticizer has also been explored. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Improvement of the ammonia assimilation for enhancing <scp>l</scp>-arginine production of <i>Corynebacterium crenatum</i> (2017)

There are four nitrogen atoms in L-arginine molecule and the nitrogen content is 32.1%. By now, metabolic engineering for L-arginine production strain improvement was focused on carbon flux optimization. In previous work, we obtained an L-arginine-producing Corynebacterium crenatum SDNN403 (ARG) through screening and mutation breeding. In this paper, a strain engineering strategy focusing on nitrogen supply and ammonium assimilation for L-arginine production was performed. Firstly, the effects of nitrogen atom donor (L-glutamate, L-glutamine and L-aspartate) addition on L-arginine production of ARG were studied, and the addition of L-glutamine and L-aspartate was beneficial for L-arginine production. Then, the glutamine synthetase gene glnA and aspartase gene aspA from E. coli were overexpressed in ARG for increasing the L-glutamine and L-aspartate synthesis, and the L-arginine production was effectively increased. In addition, the L-glutamate supply re-emerged as a limiting factor for L-arginine biosynthesis. Finally, the glutamate dehydrogenase gene gdh was co-overexpressed for further enhancement of L-arginine production. The final strain could produce 53.2 g l<sup>-1</sup> of L-arginine, which was increased by 41.5% compared to ARG in fed-batch fermentation.
Simultaneous determination of density and watercontent of particulate materials by microwave sensors (1997)

A new method is proposed for the nondestructive, simultaneous determination of density and water content of particulate materials by measuring their dielectric properties at microwave frequencies.
Broadband Diffractive Lens (1991)

Significant progress has been made toward solving the century-old problem of chromatic aberrations in diffractive optics. Our approach exploits modern materials and microfabrication technology and is very different from the purely diffractive strategy,'' which is commonly employed and which results in multiple diffractive elements separated by a finite distance. We have developed a Fresnel zone plate lens comprised of a serial stack of patterned minus-filters which allows broadband radiation to be focused (or imaged) without longitudinal or transverse chromatic aberrations. 7 refs., 4 figs.
Elliptical cavity resonators for dual-mode narrow-band filters (1997)

A novel cavity resonator with elliptical cross section is proposed in order to realize dual-mode narrow-band filters without tuning and coupling elements. The absence of any discontinuity inside the cavities significantly enhances the unloaded Q, the ability to operate with higher power levels, and the ease of manufacturing. Proper choice of the ellipticity and of the inclination angle controls the desired coupling and tuning actions. Dual-mode coupling is generated by the step discontinuity between the input rectangular waveguide and an inclined elliptical waveguide. A rigorous full-wave electromagnetic model for this discontinuity has been developed and validated using a specialized hardware configuration. Experimental data compare very favorably with theoretical results. Representative prototypes of elliptical cavities exhibiting various degrees of coupling have been carefully measured proving the accuracy of the model and its applicability for narrow-band X- and Ku-band filter design. The full-wave analysis of a complete four-pole narrow-band elliptic filter at 12 GHz and the measured response of a corresponding prototype demonstrate the capability of achieving reliable results using the proposed approach.
Systems integration and environmental testing activities performed on the Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar (SESAR) (2021)

Digital Beamforming has gained significant importance in radar applications in the past years. It helps improve radar performance while reducing mass and power. Improving these figures becomes even more important for space applications. The Space Exploration Synthetic Aperture Radar (SESAR) is a novel P-band (70 cm wavelength) radar instrument developed for planetary applications that will enable surface and near-subsurface measurements of Solar System planetary bodies. The radar will measure full polarimetry at meter-scale resolution, and perform beam steering through programmable digital beamforming architecture. The data obtained with SESAR will provide key information on buried ice and water signatures that can facilitate the design of future human and robotic exploration missions. In this paper we describe SESAR’s large antenna array, the sub-systems integration process, and the different environmental testing activities performed to the overall system in order to raise the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for its future inclusion in a space-proven system.
Use of oxygen‐permeable silicone rubber pouches for growing mass cultures of bacteria (1997)

Growth of most bacteria often involves the use of expensive incubated shaker systems. In this report, oxygen-permeable silicone rubber pouches, with oxygen permeability over 100 times higher than other polymers, were employed for growing bacterial cultures. With little, if any, agitation oxygen-permeable silicone rubber pouches produced bacterial growth rates equivalent to growth rates obtained in shaker flasks. The silicone rubber pouch described has a glass cuvette integrated into its design that permits readings of bacterial density without opening the pouch. One can sterilize and store powdered bacterial culture medium in silicone rubber pouches; therefore, bacterial cultures can be initiated by simply adding water and bacteria.
N-Glycomic Changes in Serum Proteins During Human Aging (2007)

N-glycan profiling of the human serum glycoproteins including immunoglobulin fraction on different age groups of healthy persons shows substantial changes with increasing age in three major N-glycan structures. In individuals more than 40-50 years of age, there is an increase in under-galactosylated glycans and a decrease in the core alpha-1,6-fucosylated bi-galactosylated biantennary structure. These three glycan structures are also substantially changed in a Werner syndrome patient, to a level comparable or even more pronounced than those observed in a healthy Italian centenarian population. These data show that the glycosylation machineries in both liver cells and B-cells are affected in a similar way by the aging process despite their highly different nature. The observed changes in the glycan structures are indicative that biosynthetic processes are at the basis of the changes, possibly together with changes in serum clearing of glycan-altered proteins. Our data suggest that measurement of the N-glycan level changes could provide a noninvasive surrogate marker for general health or for age-related disease progression, and for monitoring the improvement of health after therapy.
Semi-autonomous surgical tasks using a miniature in vivo surgical robot (2009)

Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) is potentially the next step in minimally invasive surgery. This type of procedure could reduce patient trauma through eliminating external incisions, but poses many surgical challenges that are not sufficiently overcome with current flexible endoscopy tools. A robotic platform that attempts to emulate a laparoscopic interface for performing NOTES procedures is being developed to address these challenges. These robots are capable of entering the peritoneal cavity through the upper gastrointestinal tract, and once inserted are not constrained by incisions, allowing for visualization and manipulations throughout the cavity. In addition to using these miniature in vivo robots for NOTES procedures, these devices can also be used to perform semi-autonomous surgical tasks. Such tasks could be useful in situations where the patient is in a location far from a trained surgeon. A surgeon at a remote location could control the robot even if the communication link between surgeon and patient has low bandwidth or very high latency. This paper details work towards using the miniature robot to perform simple surgical tasks autonomously.
A Multi-Detector Germanium Gamma Ray Camera (1979)

The design, fabrication, and evaluation of a multidetector germanium gamma ray camera is described. The camera consists of a square array of four orthogonal strip high purity germanium detector elements which are 12 mm thick and have a 41 cm2 field of view. Position sensitive readout is achieved using the resistive charge splitting method. The measured FWHM system energy and spatial resolution at 140 keV are 5.5 keV and 2 mm, respectively. Comparative phantom and animal studies yielded radionuclide images with contrast and in-depth spatial resolution superior to that of state-of-the-art scintillation cameras.
Transport critical current on Fe-sheathed MgB<sub>2</sub>coils (2004)

Helical windings of Fe-sheathed MgB2 wires with different dimensions were fabricated by a wind-and-react process. Wires with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm2 and 20% superconductor core were made using the powder-in-tube (PIT) method and ultra-fine starting precursors. Very good grain connectivity as well as high core density was obtained by using this method. At 20 K and self-field, the critical current of a coil with an ID of 12 mm and 12 turns was 360 A, which is equivalent to a Jc of 1.8 × 105 A cm−2. At a 6 T external magnetic field and 4.2 K, a coil with an ID of 140 mm and 10 turns possessed a Jc of 1 × 104 A cm−2. These results are a step towards the application of MgB2 wires in the temperature range of 20–30 K and high magnetic fields.
232 Protecting pigs from viral infectivity with gene editing (2019)

Abstract Pig models were created that were fully resistant to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) and the alphacoronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) by DNA editing of the cluster of differentiation (CD163) gene and aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) gene via CRISPR/Cas, respectively. Litters of pigs were bred with a gene edit in exon 7 of CD163 that resulted no CD163 protein expression (CD163-/-). The pigs were either challenged with multiple PRRSV isolates at 3 weeks of age or bred at maturity for a challenge with pregnant sows. The challenges demonstrated that the pigs were completely resistant to infectivity to both Type 1 and 2 isolates as measured by clinical signs, viremia, antibody response and lung histopathology. In a follow-up study, pregnant CD163 edited pigs were challenged with PRRSV to determine if absence of CD163 in the dam should be sufficient to protect the fetuses that have functional CD163 protein. The CD163-/- sows carrying both the CD163-/- and CD163+/- fetuses were all negative for PRRSV nucleic acid and showed no sign of fetal or placental failure clearly demonstrating that the absence of CD163 in the sow is sufficient to protect a PRRSV-susceptible CD163+/- fetus. Gene editing of CD163 in pigs, via CRISPR/Cas9, successfully blocked PRRSV infectivity in young growing pigs and pregnant sows and their fetuses. Similar methods were used to determine if TGEV infectivity could be prevented by editing the ANPEP gene. Exon 2 of ANPEP was edited and resulted an ANPEP -/- genotype. ANPEP -/- pigs and age matched wild type pigs were challenged with TGEV. The presence of virus nucleic acid was determined by PCR in fecal samples. ANPEP -/- pigs were fully resistant to TGEV infectivity. These studies clearly show that precise gene editing can be successfully used in pigs to prevent viral infectivity of both PRRSV and TGEV.
Innovative Proton Conductive Membranes Based on Two-Dimensional Materials (2022)

The team of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, New Mexico State University, and General Graphene Corporation staff will develop and commercialize paradigm-shifting low-cost, high-performing, proton-conductive membranes made from abundant and durable 2D materials. Proposed membranes are expected to be an order of magnitude better in performance and cost compared with the current state-of-the-art formulation, Nafion, and thus are expected to eliminate huge roadblocks in proliferation of fuel cells and flow batteries. The major goal for this work is to develop a fundamentally new learning curve for novel proton exchange membranes needed for various applications. The new technology will overcome the shortcomings of the current state-of-the-art membranes that are based upon Nafion polymer by offering higher proton conductivities, the ability to operate at much lower external humidity levels and higher temperatures (>120°C), and negligible fuel and oxidant crossover through the membrane.
Use of Organic Esters as Cosolvents in Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Improved Low Temperature Performance (2002)

The electrolyte composition plays a strong role in determining the low temperature performance of lithium-ion cells, both in terms of ionic mobility in the electrolyte solution, as well as forming suitable surface films on the electrode surfaces. A series of ester solvents was chosen for incorporation into multicomponent electrolyte formulations due to their favorable physiochemical properties (i.e., low viscosity, low melting point, and high permittivity), as well as good compatibility with carbonaceous anodes and mixed metal cathodes (i.e., and In addition to determining the relative facility of lithium intercalation and deintercalation in Li-carbon cells as a function of temperature, a number of conventional electrochemical methods were employed to further enhance the understanding of the nature of the electrode surface films in these ester-based electrolytes, including dc polarization and ac impedance measurements. A distinct trend was observed with respect to the stability of the surface films formed. In solutions containing low molecular weight cosolvents (i.e., methyl acetate and ethyl acetate) the surface films appear resistive and inadequately protective, whereas electrolytes containing higher molecular weight esters resulted in surface films with more desirable attributes. Promising electrolyte formulations were further evaluated in prototype lithium-ion cells (AA-size) and fully characterized in terms of their low temperature discharge performance. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Miniaturized Slot MIMO Antenna with Pattern Diversity for CubeSat Applications (2022)

This work presents a highly miniaturized folded slot-based multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design for Cube Satellites (CubeSats) applications at UHF band with pattern diversity. A novel combination of meandered slot with folded structure and reactively slot loading with a discrete capacitor is used to achieve miniaturization. The antenna can operate over a wide-band from 430 to 510 MHz with pattern diversity over the entire band of operation. The overall board dimensions of the proposed antenna design used are 100×100 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The proposed antenna design is highly suitable for small satellite applications, especially CubeSats.
A New Resource-Constrained Triage Method Applied to Victims of Penetrating Injury (2007)

Resource-constrained triage is modeled as an evidence-based, outcome-driven method (STM) that maximizes expected survivors in consideration of resources. STM offers lifesaving and operational advantages over current methods.
Characterization of structures from X-ray scattering data using genetic algorithms (1999)

We have developed a procedure for fitting experimental and simulated X–ray reflectivity and diffraction data in order to automate and to quantify the characterization of thin–film structures. The optimization method employed is a type of genetic algorithm called'differential evolution'. The method is capable of rapid convergence to the global minimum of an error function in parameter space even when there are many local minima in addition to the global minimum. We show how to estimate the pointwise errors of the optimized parameters, and how to determine whether the model adequately represents the structure. The procedure is capable of fitting some tens of adjustable parameters, given suitable data.
Parthenocarpy and functional sterility in tomato (2007)

Chapter 2. Bigenic control of parthenocarpy in tomatoChapter 3 .High-resolution fine mapping of ps-2, a mutated gene conferring functional male sterility in tomato due to non-dehiscent anthers Chapter 4 .Molecular characterization of the gene responsible for functional sterility in tomato, due to non-dehiscent anthers Chapter 5 .
1‐<i>p</i>‐Menthene‐8‐thiol: A powerful flavor impact constituent of grapefruit juice (<i>Citrus parodisi</i> M<scp>ACFAYDEN</scp>) (1982)

Abstract 1‐ p ‐Menthene‐8‐thiol ( B ) is shown to be a potent character‐donating constituent of grapefruit juice, in which it occurs at the ppb‐level or below. A convenient synthesis is described for this terpene‐thiol, apparently the most powerful flavor compound ever found in nature.
Development of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms for Ethanol Production (1994)

Although cellulosic biomass is a favorable feedstock for fuel ethanol production, substantial hurdles remain before a typical hydrolysate can be utilized efficiently as a fermentation substrate. Rapid and efficient conversion of pentose sugars, particularly xylose, remains one of the key economic bottlenecks in a biomass to ethanol process. Despite the development of recombinant strains with improved xylose fermentation performance, high ethanol yields from lignocellulosic hydrolysates, and increased product concentrations and ethanol tolerances are key targets that have yet to be achieved. The genetic modifications that can have the greatest impact on the economic feasibility of these fermentations include amplification and deregulation of rate-limiting reactions; metabolic engineering that redirects the normal carbon flow to ethanol, improves glycolytic efficiency, or reduces futile cycling; introduction of genes that broaden the substrate range; and manipulations that improve ethanol tolerance, osmotolerance, thermotolerance, and resistance to the inhibitory compounds normally present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
An implantable low-power ultrasonic platform for the Internet of Medical Things (2017)

Wirelessly networked systems of implantable medical devices endowed with sensors and actuators will be the basis of many innovative, sometimes revolutionary therapies. The biggest obstacle in realizing this vision of networked implantable devices is posed by the dielectric nature of the human body, which strongly attenuates radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic waves. In this paper we present the first hardware and software architecture of an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) platform with ultrasonic connectivity for intra-body communications that can be used as a basis for building future IoT-ready medical implantable and wearable devices. We show that ultrasonic waves can be efficiently generated and received with low-power and mm-sized components, and that despite the conversion loss introduced by ultrasonic transducers the gap in attenuation between 2.4 GHz RF and ultrasonic waves is still substantial, e.g., ultrasounds offer 70 dB less attenuation over 10 cm. We show that the proposed IoMT platform requires much lower transmission power compared to 2.4 GHz RF with equal reliability in tissues, e.g., 35 dBm lower over 12 cm for 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> Bit Error Rate (BEr) leading to lower energy per bit and longer device lifetime. Finally, we show experimentally that 2.4 GHz RF links are not functional at all above 12 cm, while ultrasonic links achieve a reliability of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> up to 20 cm with less than 0 dBm transmission power.
Performance improvement of acoustic ECHO cancellers in the presence of external volume change (2012)

This paper presents a new method for improving the performance of an acoustic echo canceller operating in a hands-free telephony context, where the terminal connects to an external amplifier whose volume can be changed arbitrarily. This change would normally results in the canceller loosing convergence, and temporarily causes an echo to be heard by the far side. The proposed method provides an effective way to quickly compensate, by continuously tracking key measures across the frequency bands, and adjusting the coefficients as well as the output of the canceller's filter, in order to minimize the level and duration of the residual echo. A subband architecture consisting of two sets of cancellers is considered. Changes in external volume (or tone) are translated into a complex gain (or set of gains) and applied to the output or the coefficients of the foreground canceller filter, according to the optimality criterion of minimizing the mean square error (MSE) at the canceller output. The algorithm uses various metrics to ensure the validity of the computed gains and the overall canceller's stability. Listening tests and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) score done in a real-life setting show the method results in a noted improvement of the overall perceptual performance of the canceller.