gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Particle Counting Method for Assessing the Biological Protection Factor of Respirators (2006)

This investigation developed and validated a highly sensitive method based on particle counting technology for assessing the protection afforded by chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear respirators against biological threat agents. Inert monodisperse and polydisperse aerosols, representative in size to biological agents, were used to challenge a respirator fitted to a headform or worn by a human test participant. An aerosol spectrometer was used to measure aerosol penetration into the facepiece of the respirator. To demonstrate the method, monodisperse test aerosols and controlled mask leaks were used to generate an array of simulated protection factors (SPF) on the headform test apparatus. Human test participants were challenged with a polydisperse aerosol, which allowed for the measurement of several size specific protection factor (PF) values from a single test. Each test participant wore at least one expertly fitted respirator and several respirators with induced leaks in the peripheral seal to generate a wide range of PF measurements. A test to determine the effect of human generated background particles within the respirator was also conducted. In general, SPF and PF values were found to increase as the challenge aerosol particle size increased. Although subject generated in-mask background particles were found to limit the maximum measurable PF, the particle counting method sensitivity was sufficient to measure PF values up to 100,000.
Cloning and expression of the gene encoding the major surface protein 5 (MSP5) of <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> and potential application for serodiagnosis (2006)

These results indicate that recombinant MSP5 has potential for use as a diagnostic test antigen to detect infection with A phagocytophilum in both dogs and humans. However, sequence similarities among orthologs of MSP5 in related species of anaplasma and ehrlichia suggest that cross-reactivity among these pathogens is likely if the entire peptide is used as a test antigen.
Layer-by-layer nanometer scale etching of two-dimensional substrates using the scanning tunneling microscope (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLayer-by-layer nanometer scale etching of two-dimensional substrates using the scanning tunneling microscopeBruce ParkinsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 21, 7498–7502Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00177a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00177a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views551Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) for cellular TDMA networks by means of joint delayed-decision feedback sequence estimation (2006)

In this letter, single antenna co-channel interference cancellation for cellular time-division multiple access (TDMA) networks by means of joint delayed-decision feedback sequence estimation is studied. The performance is increased by a novel adaptive state allocation technique.
Microstructural Comparisons of Meat Emulsions Prepared with Corn Protein Emulsified and Unemulsified Fat (1987)

ABSTRACT The microstructures of comminuted meat products containing 0, 1 and 2% of corn germ protein as a powder additive and as a stabilizer for pre‐emulsified fat (PEF) were studied. A modified fixation technique and protein contrasting ingredient were used to improve the resolution of the microstructure. Meat products containing 2% protein additive exhibited a uniform distribution of fat globules and increased water and fat binding capacity. Corn germ protein used as a stabilizer in PEF preparation formed a more uniform distribution of fat globules than of additive product. These protein micellar structures may stabilize the larger size fat globules, resulting in less coalescence of the fat component during heat treatment.
The Influence of Extracellular Matrix on the Generation of Vascularized, Engineered, Transplantable Tissue (2001)

In a recently described model for tissue engineering, an arteriovenous loop comprising the femoral artery and vein with interposed vein graft is fabricated in the groin of an adult male rat, placed inside a polycarbonate chamber, and incubated subcutaneously. New vascularized granulation tissue will generate on this loop for up to 12 weeks. In the study described in this paper three different extracellular matrices were investigated for their ability to accelerate the amount of tissue generated compared with a no-matrix control. Poly-D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) produced the maximal weight of new tissue and vascularization and this peaked at two weeks, but regressed by four weeks. Matrigel was next best. It peaked at four weeks but by eight weeks it also had regressed. Fibrin (20 and 80 mg/ml), by contrast, did not integrate with the generating vascularized tissue and produced less weight and volume of tissue than controls without matrix. The limiting factors to growth appear to be the chamber size and the capacity of the neotissue to integrate with the matrix. Once the sides of the chamber are reached or tissue fails to integrate, encapsulation and regression follow. The intrinsic position of the blood supply within the neotissue has many advantages for tissue and organ engineering, such as ability to seed the construct with stem cells and microsurgically transfer new tissue to another site within the individual. In conclusion, this study has found that PLGA and Matrigel are the best matrices for the rapid growth of new vascularized tissue suitable for replantation or transplantation.
Overview of Mono-energetic Gamma-ray Sources Applications (2010)

Recent progress in accelerator physics and laser technology have enabled the development of a new class of tunable gamma-ray light sources based on Compton scattering between a high-brightness, relativistic electron beam and a high intensity laser pulse produced via chirped-pulse amplification (CPA). A precision, tunable Mono-Energetic Gamma-ray (MEGa-ray) source driven by a compact, high-gradient X-band linac is currently under development and construction at LLNL. High-brightness, relativistic electron bunches produced by an X-band linac designed in collaboration with SLAC will interact with a Joule-class, 10 ps, diode-pumped CPA laser pulse to generate tunable γ-rays in the 0.5-2.5 MeV photon energy range via Compton scattering. This MEGa-ray source will be used to excite nuclear resonance fluorescence in various isotopes. Applications include homeland security, stockpile science and surveillance, nuclear fuel assay, and waste imaging and assay. The source design, key parameters, and current status are presented, along with important applications, including nuclear resonance fluorescence, photo-fission, and medical imaging.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline-2,3,4-trione 3-Oximes:  Novel and Highly Potent Antagonists for NMDA Receptor Glycine Site (1996)

A series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2,3,4-trione 3-oximes (QTOs) was synthesized and evaluated for antagonism of NMDA receptor glycine site. Glycine site affinity was determined using a [3H]DCKA binding assay in rat brain membranes and electrophysiologically in Xenopus oocytes expressing 1a/2C subunits of cloned rat NMDA receptors. Selected compounds were also assayed for antagonism of AMPA receptors in Xenopus oocytes expressing rat brain poly(A)+ RNA. QTOs were prepared by nitrosation of 2,4-quinolinediols. Structure−activity studies indicated that substitutions in the 5-, 6-, and 7-positions increase potency, whereas substitution in the 8-position causes a decrease in potency. Among the derivatives evaluated, 5,6,7-trichloro-QTO was the most potent antagonist with an IC50 of 7 nM in the [3H]DCKA binding assay and a Kb of 1−2 nM for NMDA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. 5,6,7-Trichloro-QTO also had a Kb of 180 nM for AMPA receptors in electrophysiological assays. The SAR of QTOs was compared with the SAR of 1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-diones (QXs). For compounds with the same benzene ring substitution pattern, QTOs were generally 5−10 times more potent than the corresponding QXs. QTOs represent a new class of inhibitors of the NMDA receptor which, when appropriately substituted, are among the most potent glycine site antagonists known.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Arsenic(III) Using Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes (2004)

A novel method for the detection of arsenic(III) in 1 M HCl at a gold nanoparticle-modified glassy carbon electrode has been developed. The gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited onto the glassy carbon electrode via a potential step from +1.055 to -0.045 V vs SCE for 15 s from 0.5 M H2SO4 containing 0.1 mM HAuCl4. The resulting electrode surfaces were characterized with both AFM and cyclic voltammetry. Anodic stripping voltammetry of arsenic(III) on the modified electrode was performed. After optimization, a LOD of 0.0096 ppb was obtained with LSV.
High-Throughput Low-Power LDPC Decoder and Code Design (2011)

In this paper, we present a method for creating LDPC codes which are specifically designed to be hardware friendly. Our method involves constraining the cyclic shift values in the base H-matrix to reduce the complexity of the cyclic shift hardware. We show that the decoder hardware implementation for these codes has higher throughput and lower power consumption than decoders designed for traditional LDPC codes. We provide results showing that these codes maintain the error rate performance expected of LDPC codes while achieving these throughput and power consumption improvements.
Intelligent content delivery over wireless via SDN (2015)

On the Internet, most traffic is generated by content delivery applications such as video streaming, P2P and web surfing. With the proliferation of mobile applications that offer on-demand access to services, the ability to track end-user's perceived service quality has become a pivotal aspect for future networks such as 5G. Software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) in the mobile core offer unprecedented flexibility for opportunistic traffic steering, leading to advanced levels of quality-of-service (QoS) control. We leverage the SDN concept to dynamically control network traffic over wide area networks (WANs) from edge nodes of wireless networks (e.g., a packet data network gateway in LTE), depending on changing network conditions and application types. Our SDN-based application-aware routing system allows mobile network operators to achieve better utilization of their networks, service providers to improve customer satisfaction, and end-users to experience desirable service quality for various network applications. As for a prototype, we attach 802.11g to Mininet's virtual networks in order to show the feasibility of our approach.
Noninvasive Quality Control of Cryopreserved Samples (2012)

We present a novel noninvasive technology for quality control in biobanking. We implemented a contactless optical in situ method with a remote detection unit. The method detects physical and chemical changes by emission spectroscopy. In the present study, ice formation in a vitrified sample is revealed by Raman scattering. The technology allows us to monitor sample quality during cold storage and to assess the sample state after preservation, storage, or transport without the need for thawing.
MIMO Cognitive Relay Networks With Correlated Antennas Over Rayleigh Fading Channels (2015)

In this paper, we examine orthogonal space-time block coding with receiver maximal ratio combining (OSTBC/MRC) and selection combining (OSTBC/SC) in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks with underlay spectrum sharing, considering optimal and suboptimal cases. The secondary network under consideration is equipped with multiple correlated antennas at the source, the relay, and the destination. On the other hand, the primary network is composed of L primary users (PUs), each of which is equipped with multiple correlated antennas. For the considered underlay spectrum sharing, the transmit power condition is related by an interference limit on the primary network and the maximum transmission power in the secondary network. In particular, new exact expressions for the outage probability of the adopted system models are obtained. Moreover, simple asymptotic expressions for the outage probability are provided to enable the characterization of the achievable diversity orders and coding gains. To enhance the secondary network performance, optimal power allocation (PA) between the secondary source and the secondary relay is obtained based on the asymptotic outage probability under the constraints of total allowable transmit power at the secondary user (SU) and maximum allowable interference power limit at the PU. The derived analytical formulas herein are supported by numerical results to clarify the main contributions.
Structure interpretation of text formats (2020)

Data repositories often consist of text files in a wide variety of standard formats, ad-hoc formats, as well as mixtures of formats where data in one format is embedded into a different format. It is therefore a significant challenge to parse these files into a structured tabular form, which is important to enable any downstream data processing. We present Unravel, an extensible framework for structure interpretation of ad-hoc formats. Unravel can automatically, with no user input, extract tabular data from a diverse range of standard, ad-hoc and mixed format files. The framework is also easily extensible to add support for previously unseen formats, and also supports interactivity from the user in terms of examples to guide the system when specialized data extraction is desired. Our key insight is to allow arbitrary combination of extraction and parsing techniques through a concept called partial structures. Partial structures act as a common language through which the file structure can be shared and refined by different techniques. This makes Unravel more powerful than applying the individual techniques in parallel or sequentially. Further, with this rule-based extensible approach, we introduce the novel notion of re-interpretation where the variety of techniques supported by our system can be exploited to improve accuracy while optimizing for particular quality measures or restricted environments. On our benchmark of 617 text files gathered from a variety of sources, Unravel is able to extract the intended table in many more cases compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
A high efficiency input/output coupler for small silicon photonic devices (2005)

Coupling light from an optical fibre to small optical waveguides is particularly problematic in semiconductors, since the refractive index of the silica fibre is very different from that of a semiconductor waveguide. There have been several published methods of achieving such coupling, but none are sufficiently efficient whilst being robust enough for commercial applications. In this paper experimental results of our approach called a Dual-Grating Assisted Directional Coupler, are presented. The principle of coupling by this novel method has been successfully demonstrated, and a coupling efficiency of 55% measured.
Rotationally resliced 3D prostate TRUS segmentation using convex optimization with shape priors (2015)

A semiautomatic segmentation approach is proposed and evaluated to extract the prostate boundary from 3D TRUS images acquired by a 3D end-firing TRUS guided prostate biopsy system. Experimental results suggest that it may be suitable for the clinical use involving the image guided prostate biopsy procedures.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF A PASSIVE RADON DECAY PRODUCTS MONITOR (2006)

Electret-based passive air samplers have been used in United Kingdom and elsewhere for quantitative sampling for airborne dust. Alpha electret ion chambers (EIC) have been used for quantitative measurement of deposited alpha emitting isotopes. These two well documented principles are combined to create a passive radon progeny monitor. Large area (50 cm2) electret charged to 500 to 2000 volts collect airborne radon decay products and the collected sample is viewed and measured by an alpha EIC. Such collection and measurement continues for the entire period of sampling, providing an integrated signal to the electret in alpha EIC. The present work is of exploratory nature and provides the responses of three different sizes of collection electrets. Results are also compared with a simple passive device with no collecting electret. The study provides data for optimization of the design depending upon the requirement. Study is limited to a typical home with equilibrium ratios from 40 to 60%. This method can be used for both short term and long term monitoring of RDP in working level units.
Theory and Implementation of RF-Input <newline/>Outphasing Power Amplification (2015)

Conventional outphasing power amplifier systems require both a radio frequency (RF) carrier input and a separate baseband input to synthesize a modulated RF output. This work presents an RF-input/RF-output outphasing power amplifier that directly amplifies a modulated RF input, eliminating the need for multiple costly IQ modulators and baseband signal component separation as in previous outphasing systems. An RF signal decomposition network directly synthesizes the phase- and amplitude-modulated signals used to drive the branch power amplifiers (PAs). With this approach, a modulated RF signal including zero-crossings can be applied to the single RF input port of the outphasing RF amplifier system. The proposed technique is demonstrated at 2.14 GHz in a four-way lossless outphasing amplifier with transmission-line power combiner. The RF decomposition network is implemented using a transmission-line resistance compression network with nonlinear loads designed to provide the necessary amplitude and phase decomposition. The resulting proof-of-concept outphasing power amplifier has a peak CW output power of 93 W, peak drain efficiency of 70%, and performance on par with a previously-demonstrated outphasing and power combining system requiring four IQ modulators and a digital signal component separator.
Prestin, a cochlear motor protein, is defective in non-syndromic hearing loss (2003)

Prestin, a membrane protein that is highly and almost exclusively expressed in the outer hair cells (OHCs) of the cochlea, is a motor protein which senses membrane potential and drives rapid length changes in OHCs. Surprisingly, prestin is a member of a gene family, solute carrier (SLC) family 26, that encodes anion transporters and related proteins. Of nine known human genes in this family, three (SLC26A2, SLC26A3 and SLC26A4) are associated with different human hereditary diseases. The restricted expression of prestin in OHCs, and its proposed function as a mechanical amplifier, make it a strong candidate gene for human deafness. Here we report the cloning and characterization of four splicing isoforms for the human prestin gene (SLC26A5a, b, c and d). SLC26A5a is the predominant form of prestin whereas the others showed limited distribution associated with certain developmental stages. Based on the functional importance of prestin we screened for possible mutations involving the prestin gene in a group of deaf probands. We have identified a 5'-UTR splice acceptor mutation (IVS2-2A>G) in exon 3 of the prestin gene, which is responsible for recessive non-syndromic deafness in two unrelated families. In addition, a high frequency of heterozygosity for the same mutation was observed in these subjects, suggesting the possibility of semi-dominant influence of the mutation in causing hearing loss. Finally, the observation of this mutation only in the Caucasian probands indicated an association with a specific ethnic background. This study thereby reveals an essential function of prestin in human auditory processing.
Negative Regulation of FcεRI-mediated Degranulation by CD81 (1997)

Signaling through the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI) results in the coordinate activation of tyrosine kinases before calcium mobilization. Receptors capable of interfering with the signaling of antigen receptors, such as Fc epsilon RI, recruit tyrosine and inositol phosphatases that results in diminished calcium mobilization. Here, we show that antibodies recognizing CD81 inhibit Fc epsilon RI-mediated mast cell degranulation but, surprisingly, without affecting aggregation-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, or leukotriene synthesis. Furthermore, CD81 antibodies also inhibit mast cell degranulation in vivo as measured by reduced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis responses. These results reveal an unsuspected calcium-independent pathway of antigen receptor regulation, which is accessible to engagement by membrane proteins and on which novel therapeutic approaches to allergic diseases could be based.
Bit Weaving: A Non-Prefix Approach to Compressing Packet Classifiers in TCAMs (2011)

Ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs) have become the de facto standard in industry for fast packet classification. Unfortunately, TCAMs have limitations of small capacity, high power consumption, high heat generation, and high cost. The well-known range expansion problem exacerbates these limitations as each classifier rule typically has to be converted to multiple TCAM rules. One method for coping with these limitations is to use compression schemes to reduce the number of TCAM rules required to represent a classifier. Unfortunately, all existing compression schemes only produce prefix classifiers. Thus, they all miss the compression opportunities created by non-prefix ternary classifiers. In this paper, we propose bit weaving, the first non-prefix compression scheme. Bit weaving is based on the observation that TCAM entries that have the same decision and whose predicates differ by only one bit can be merged into one entry by replacing the bit in question with . Bit weaving consists of two new techniques, bit swapping and bit merging, to first identify and then merge such rules together. The key advantages of bit weaving are that it runs fast, it is effective, and it is composable with other TCAM optimization methods as a pre/post-processing routine. We implemented bit weaving and conducted experiments on both real-world and synthetic packet classifiers. Our experimental results show the following: 1) bit weaving is an effective standalone compression technique (it achieves an average compression ratio of 23.6%); 2) bit weaving finds compression opportunities that other methods miss. Specifically, bit weaving improves the prior TCAM optimization techniques of TCAM Razor and Topological Transformation by an average of 12.8% and 36.5%, respectively.