gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) in Store-and-Forward Applications (2011)

This memo describes the use of so called store-and-forward
cryptographic transforms within the Secure Real-time Transport
Protocol (SRTP). The motivation is to support use cases when two end-
points communicate via one (or more) store-and-forward middleboxes
that are not fully trusted to access the media content. One of the
main aspects of the transform is to make the confidentiality and
message authentication independent of the RTP header. Another central
aspect is to make identification of the cryptographic context (keys
etc.) independent of RTP transport parameters. Besides the security of
the end-points, also trust assumptions regarding the store-and-forward
middleboxes are addressed.
Generation of New Epothilones by Genetic Engineering of a Polyketide Synthase in Myxococcus xanthus. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of IACS-52825, a Potent and Selective DLK Inhibitor for Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (2023)

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major unmet medical need with limited treatment options. Despite different mechanisms of action, diverse chemotherapeutics can cause CIPN through a converged pathway─an active axon degeneration program that engages the dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK). DLK is a neuronally enriched kinase upstream in the MAPK-JNK cascade, and while it is dormant under physiological conditions, DLK mediates a core mechanism for neuronal injury response under stress conditions, making it an attractive target for treatment of neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases. We have developed potent, selective, brain penetrant DLK inhibitors with excellent PK and activity in mouse models of CIPN. Lead compound IACS-52825 (<b>22</b>) showed strongly effective reversal of mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of CIPN and was advanced into preclinical development.
Molecular Biological Search for Human Genes Encoding Cholinesterases (1988)

Cholinesterases (ChEs) are highly polymorphic proteins, capable of rapidly hydrolyzing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and involved in terminating neurotransmission in neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic synapses. In an attempt to delineate the structure and detailed properties of the human protein(s) and the gene(s) coding for the acetycholine hydrolyzing enzymes, a human cDNA coding for ChE was isolated by use of oligodeoxynucleotide screening of cDNA libraries. For this purpose, a method for increasing the effectiveness of oligonucleotide screening by introducing deoxyinosine in sites of codon ambiguity and using tetra-methyl-ammonium salt washes to remove false-positive hybrids was employed. The resulting isolated 2.4-kilobase (kb) Cholinesterase cDNA sequences encode for the entire mature secretory protein, preceded by an N-terminal signal peptide. The human ChE primary sequence shows almost no homology to other serine hydrolases, with the exception of a hexapeptide at the active site. In contrast, it displays extensive homology with acetycholinesterase form Torpedo californica and Drosophila melanogaster as well as with bovine thyroglob-ulin. These extensive homologies probably suggest the need of the entire coding sequence for the physiological function(s) fulfilled by the enzyme and further suggest a common, unique, ancestral gene for these cDNAs. In turn, the cDN A was used as a probe to isolate genomic DNA sequences for the 5′-region of the human ChE gene. The genomic DNA fragment encoding part of the 5′-region of ChEcDNA was detected by DNA blot hybridization, enriched 70-fold by gel electrophoresis and electroelution, cloned in λ phage and isolated. Sequencing of the cloned DNA revealed that it did indeed include part of the 5′-region of ChEcDNA, starting at an adjacent 5′-position to the nucleotides coding for the initiator methionine, and ending with an EcoRI restriction site inherent to the ChEcDNA sequence. The isolated fragment of the human Cholinesterase gene is currently employed to complete the structural characterization of this and related genes.
Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: tissue structure inferred by computed imaging techniques (2008)

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM)<sup>1</sup> is an optical microscopy computed-imaging technique for measuring the optical properties of three-dimensional structures and biological tissues. In this work, the principle of ISAM is reviewed, and its application to imaging tissue properties in various scanning geometries and instrument configurations is explored. The practicality of ISAM is demonstrated by imaging a rat heart and muscle using a real-time implementation of ISAM in conjunction with a clinical cart Optical Coherence Tomography instrument.
Serum Uric Acid-Lowering Effects of Combined Glycine and Tryptophan Treatments in Subjects with Mild Hyperuricemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study (2019)

We determined the serum uric acid-lowering effects of combined daily supplementation of glycine and tryptophan in patients with mild hyperuricemia using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial design. Japanese healthy adult males and females with mild hyperuricemia (fasting serum uric acid of 6.6⁻7.9 mg/dL) ingested a powder mixture containing 3.0 g of glycine and 0.2 g of tryptophan or a placebo powder once daily at bedtime for 6 weeks. Combined supplementation with glycine and tryptophan significantly decreased serum uric acid levels (from 7.1 mg/dL to 6.7 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.004) before and after the trial. Serum uric acid concentrations significantly decreased in the subjects supplemented with the amino acid mixture compared with those in placebo-treated subjects (<i>p</i> = 0.028). In addition, the combination treatment with glycine and tryptophan decreased serum triglyceride levels (from 119 mg/dL to 86 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Increased solubility of uric acid caused by urinary pH were likely contributors to the serum uric acid-lowering effects of the amino acid mixture.
Toggle MRAM with CoFeB-Based Synthetic Antiferromagnet Free Layers (2006)

For toggle MRAM, the free layer is a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) that must have specific magnetic properties such as: low magnetostriction, a repeatable saturation field (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ) that can be adjusted within a specific range, and a well-defined and reproducible intrinsic anisotropy axis. The results from fully-functional Mb-scale MRAM circuits using CoFeB SAF free layers optimized for toggle switching is reported. A 40% improvement in useable MR in 4Mb MRAM circuits using optimized CoFeB SAF free layers is demonstrated, with switching comparable to standard NiFe material. The critical properties optimized for switching, electrical properties of the devices, and thermal endurance are described.
Timeline summarization from social media with life cycle models (2016)

The popularity of social media shatters the barrier for online users to create and share information at any place at any time. As a consequence, it has become increasing difficult to locate relevance information about an entity. Timeline has been proven to provide an effective and efficient access to understand an entity by displaying a list of episodes about the entity in chronological order. However, summarizing the timeline about an entity with social media data faces new challenges. First, key timeline episodes about the entity are typically unavailable in existing social media services. Second, the short, noisy and informal nature of social media posts determines that only content-based summarization could be insufficient. In this paper, we investigate the problem of timeline summarization and propose a novel framework Timeline-Sumy, which consists of episode detecting and summary ranking. In episode detecting, we explicitly model temporal information with life cycle models to detect timeline episodes since episodes usually exhibit sudden-rise-and-heavy-tail patterns on time-series. In summary ranking, we rank social media posts in each episode via a learning-to-rank approach. The experimental results on social media datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
A Titanium-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling To Generate α,β-Unsaturated β-Iminoamines (2003)

The three-component coupling of an amine, alkyne, and isonitrile is facilitated by a titanium complex bearing the N,N-di(pyrrolyl-alpha-methyl)-N-methylamine (dpma) ligand. From this methodology, alpha,beta-unsaturated beta-iminoamines are generated regioselectively with many substrates and are available on multigram scales.
Studies on Alkaline Lipase: Isolation and Identification of Lipase Producing Microorganisms (1982)

In order to obtain lipases similar to that of pancreatic origin, some 1000 bacteria isolated from soil were screened in respect to the following characteristics: (1) optimum pH for activity is in the alkaline region, (2) lipase activity is stimulated by bile salts and (3) a large amount of monoglyceride is accumulated during fat hydrolysis. The 14 selected isolates were divided into two groups from the preservation profile; bacteria of group I were viable for a long period on nutrient agar medium, while group II bacteria were all dead within 20 days on nutrient agar slants. Some properties of lipases produced by these bacteria were preliminarily examined with respect to the similarity to the pancreatic lipase and a promising strain was isolated from each group. The two strains were examined for microbiological characteristics and suggested to be new species belonging to the genus Alcaligenes.
Paying Attention to Attention: Highlighting Influential Samples in Sequential Analysis (2018)

In (Yang et al. 2016), a hierarchical attention network (HAN) is created for document classification. The attention layer can be used to visualize text influential in classifying the document, thereby explaining the model's prediction. We successfully applied HAN to a sequential analysis task in the form of real-time monitoring of turn taking in conversations. However, we discovered instances where the attention weights were uniform at the stopping point (indicating all turns were equivalently influential to the classifier), preventing meaningful visualization for real-time human review or classifier improvement. We observed that attention weights for turns fluctuated as the conversations progressed, indicating turns had varying influence based on conversation state. Leveraging this observation, we develop a method to create more informative real-time visuals (as confirmed by human reviewers) in cases of uniform attention weights using the changes in turn importance as a conversation progresses over time.
VaxArray assessment of influenza split vaccine potency and stability (2017)

Vaccine manufacturers require more rapid and accurate tools to characterize the potency and stability of their products. Currently, the gold standard for influenza vaccine potency is the single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) assay, which has inherent disadvantages. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the ability of the VaxArray Influenza (VXI) seasonal hemagglutinin (sHA) potency assay to accurately quantify potency and stability in finished vaccines as well as to quantify hemagglutinin protein (HA) within crude in-process samples. Monobulk intermediates and mono- and multivalent vaccines were tested using VXI. Quantification of HA in crude samples was evaluated by spiking known concentrations of HA into allantoic fluid. VXI generated SRD equivalent potency measurements with high accuracy (within ±10%) and precision (CV 10±4%) for antigen components of monobulk intermediates and multivalent split vaccines. For these vaccines and vaccine intermediates, the VXI linear dynamic range was ∼0.01-0.6μg/mL, which is 12× greater than the linear range of SRD. The measured sample limit of detection (LOD) for VXI varied from 0.005 to 0.01μg/mL for the different subtypes, which in general is ≥600× lower than the LOD for SRD. VXI was able to quantify HA in crude samples where HA only accounts for 0.02% of the total protein content. Stability indication was investigated by tracking measured potency as a function of time at elevated temperature by both SRD and VXI. After 20 h at 56°C, the ratio of VXI to SRD measured potency in a quadrivalent vaccine was 76%, 125%, 60%, and 98% for H1/California, H3/Switzerland, B/Phuket and B/Brisbane, respectively. Based on the study results, it is concluded that VXI is a rapid, multiplexed immunoassay that can be used to accurately determine flu vaccine potency and stability in finished product and in crude samples from upstream processes.
Quantitative optical determination of the viability of platelet concentrates (1992)

An optical method to assess platelet viability in platelet transfusion concentrates has been developed which is based on the observation that healthy, discoid platelets transmit more light in shear flow than aged, spherical cells. Using a specially designed glass channel, the rise in transmission of light through platelet samples with agitation is referenced against a measurement of transmission without flow. Referencing the measurements may minimize the effects of red blood cell contamination, as well as other variations among platelet packs such as plasma characteristics and plastic container variability. At an optimal frequency of agitation, the ratio of the transmission of light with agitation to that of the sample at rest is found to correlate highly with the concentration of discoid platelets, r = 0.92 to 0.95 (P less than 0.001), for light sources including a HeNe laser and two LEDs. Using this index, the discoid platelet counts of twelve platelet packs are estimated and compared with manual counts. The mean difference between the two methods was 0.009 x 10(9) discoid platelets ml-1 with a standard deviation of 0.11 x 10(9) cells ml-1. We conclude that the method may be applied to the development of a non-invasive device to monitor the concentration of viable, discoid platelets in storage.
Stabilization of interferons. (1977)

It is now obvious that there are a number of factors which can influence the stability of interferons. Since human fibroblast interferon is especially unstable both to heat and mechanical stress, the use of stabilizing conditions such as low pH or thioctic acid should facilitate purification and concentration of this interferon. Leukocyte interferon, on the other hand, seems to be more stable even when highly purified; however, losses in activity can occur in very dilute solutions containing low concentrations of protein. Inactivation during storage of interferons may be avoided by using freeze-dried preparations. In order to generate large quantities of purified, stable interferons for clinical use, there is a need to establish an armamentarium of different nontoxic techniques and approaches that will enable investigators to stabilize human interferons at each step in preparation, processing, concentration, purification, shipment and storage.
Cache on demand (2003)

Web caching is becoming increasingly important as rich content such as streaming media gains popularity on the Web. However, conventional Web caching lacks two essential functionalities for many services. First, Web caching is largely a "best effort" service, lacking the capability of guaranteeing application-level QoS such as content storage that many services (including streaming media) desire. Second, standard Web caching does not ensure strong content consistency. In this paper, we develop a cache on demand (CoD) system that addresses both problems. The key components of the CoD system are an admission control mechanism that guarantees the content storage, and the CoD protocol that ensures content consistency between the origin server and the cache. CoD also allows QoS to be switched between "guaranteed" and "best effort" as needed. CoD is a flexible and effective solution for providing application layer QoS and strong consistency, and provides a new model for revenue-generating services.
Identification and characterization of Fep15, a new selenocysteine-containing member of the Sep15 protein family (2006)

Sec (selenocysteine) is a rare amino acid in proteins. It is co-translationally inserted into proteins at UGA codons with the help of SECIS (Sec insertion sequence) elements. A full set of selenoproteins within a genome, known as the selenoproteome, is highly variable in different organisms. However, most of the known eukaryotic selenoproteins are represented in the mammalian selenoproteome. In addition, many of these selenoproteins have cysteine orthologues. Here, we describe a new selenoprotein, designated Fep15, which is distantly related to members of the 15 kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) family. Fep15 is absent in mammals, can be detected only in fish and is present in these organisms only in the selenoprotein form. In contrast with other members of the Sep15 family, which contain a putative active site composed of Sec and cysteine, Fep15 has only Sec. When transiently expressed in mammalian cells, Fep15 incorporated Sec in an SECIS- and SBP2 (SECIS-binding protein 2)-dependent manner and was targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum by its N-terminal signal peptide. Phylogenetic analyses of Sep15 family members suggest that Fep15 evolved by gene duplication.
Pitch sharpening for perceptually improved CELP, and the sparse-delta codebook for reduced computation (1991)

The authors introduce two techniques for improving low-bit-rate CELP (code excited linear prediction) speech coders. The sparse-delta stochastic codebook is a recursive codebook design which can be searched using roughly 5% of the computational load required to search a full Gaussian codebook. Pitch sharpening is a class of algorithms which attempt to improve the perceptual quality of CELP by limiting the feedback of low-amplitude noiselike information to the adaptive codebook. Simulation results are presented for sparse-delta, ternary sparse-delta, and simplified-search sparse-delta coders, and for reduced-gain and sparse-adaptive-codebook pitch sharpening algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Cobalt Nitride and its Application as an Adhesion-Enhancing Layer for Advanced Copper Interconnects (2012)

An interlayer of face centered cubic (fcc) Co4N has demonstrated significant improvements in adhesion between copper and diffusion barrier layers. This fcc phase of Co4N was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using bis(N-tert-butyl-N'-ethyl-propionamidinato)cobalt(II) and a reactant mixture of NH3 and H2 at substrate temperatures from 100 to 180°C. The Co/N atomic ratio and the phase of cobalt nitride film can be modified by adjusting the ratio of NH3 and H2 in the gas feedstock. The cobalt nitride films prepared by CVD are smooth, highly conformal, and stable against intermixing with copper up to at least 400°C. This fcc cobalt nitride material has very strong adhesion to copper due to the small lattice mismatch (−1 to 2%) between fcc-Co4N and fcc Cu. Copper wires should be stabilized against failure by electromigration when fcc cobalt nitride interlayers are placed between the copper and surrounding diffusion barriers.
Development of Magnetorheological Dampers with Embedded Piezoelectric Force Sensors for Structural Vibration Control (2008)

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers with embedded piezoelectric force sensors are developed to enable real-time, closed-loop vibration control of civil and mechanical structures. In this study, a prestress-type piezoelectric force sensor is fabricated and integrated with an actuation-only MR damper to form a smart MR damper possessing the attractive functionality of force sensing-while-damping with a high degree of sensor—damper collocation. Calibration of the piezoelectric force sensor is performed in a servohydraulic material testing system operating in force-controlled excitations of sine and ramp waveforms at different combinations of amplitude and frequency. The sensing and damping performance of the smart MR damper is evaluated by operating the material testing system in displacement-controlled sine and ramp excitations while adjusting different DC control currents to the damper. A good agreement between the piezoelectric force sensor outputs and the material testing system force inputs is observed, besides the highly controllable force—displacement and force—velocity hysteretic characteristics. The results show great promise of deploying the smart MR damper in intelligent structural vibration control systems.
An Inexpensive Digital Sound Synthesizer (1979)

A time-multiplexed microprocessor -controlled all-digital oscillator has been developed which provides 32 independent audio oscillator functions. The circuit includes envelope generators to control the amplitude and frequency of each oscillator. A timer function is provided for each oscillator as well. A frequency modulation input for each oscillator is available. The oscillators may be arbitrarily interconnected and their outputs combined. The circuit when controlled by a microprocessor may be used to digitally synthesize a variety of sounds, but its most powerful application is for real-time music synthesis. Approximately 110 low-cost digital integrated circuits are used. This circuit combined with a microprocessor is an attractive method for implementing the next generation of commercial music synthesizers.
<title>Fast multiresolution search algorithm for optimal retrieval in large multimedia databases</title> (1999)

Most of the content-based image retrieval systems require a distance computation for each candidate image in the database. As a brute-force approach, the exhaustive search can be employed for this computation. However, this exhaustive search is time-consuming and limits the usefulness of such systems. Thus, there is a growing demand for a fast algorithm which provides the same retrieval results as the exhaustive search. In this paper, we prose a fast search algorithm based on a multi-resolution data structure. The proposed algorithm computes the lower bound of distance at each level and compares it with the latest minimum distance, starting from the low-resolution level. Once it is larger than the latest minimum distance, we can exclude the candidates without calculating the full- resolution distance. By doing this, we can dramatically reduce the total computational complexity. It is noticeable that the proposed fast algorithm provides not only the same retrieval results as the exhaustive search, but also a faster searching ability than existing fast algorithms. For additional performance improvement, we can easily combine the proposed algorithm with existing tree-based algorithms. The algorithm can also be used for the fast matching of various features such as luminance histograms, edge images, and local binary partition textures.
Convenient Synthesis of Difluoromethyl Alcohols from Both Enolizable and Non‐Enolizable Carbonyl Compounds with Difluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfone. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.