gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PCR for direct detection of indigenous uncultured magnetic cocci in sediment and phylogenetic analysis of amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (1995)

PCR primers specific to the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of magnetic cocci were designed and used to amplify DNA from magnetically isolated magnetic cocci. The PCR products were subcloned by ligation into plasmid vector pCRII, and five clones containing approximately 270-bp fragments of amplified DNA were sequenced. The specific primers were also used to detect magnetic coccus 16S rDNA in environmental samples. Magnetic coccus 16S rDNA was amplified from the water column above sediment kept in an anoxic environment in the laboratory, but little was amplified from a water column kept in an oxic environment. These results suggest that magnetic cocci in the water column in an anoxic environment had migrated there from the sediment as a response to the microoxic or anoxic conditions, rather than having been present previously in a nonmagnetic form and having become magnetic due to these conditions. The specific primers were also used to detect magnetic cocci in aquatic sediment. DNA was extracted from sediment by direct lysis and purified for use as a PCR template by electrophoresis on an agarose-polyvinylpyrrolidone gel. 16S rDNA was then amplified and subcloned, and two clones were sequenced. The clones were screened for chimeric DNA by comparing sections of each with the GenBank database.
An Efficient Encoder Rate Control Solution for Transform Domain Wyner–Ziv Video Coding (2011)

Most Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding solutions in the literature use a feedback channel (FC) based decoder rate control (DRC) strategy to adjust the bitrate to correct the side information (SI) errors. More recently, some encoder rate control (ERC) strategies have been proposed to address application scenarios where a FC is not available. The ERC based WZ video coding RD performance depends not only on the (encoder) parity rate estimator (PRE) accuracy but also on the decoder “intelligence” in dealing with the residual errors due to parity rate underestimation. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to propose a more efficient and powerful ERC solution for transform domain WZ (TDWZ) video coding by simultaneously tackling the two issues aforementioned with the following technical novelty: 1) integration in an ERC context of Gray mapping for the quantized DCT coefficients to enhance the correlation between WZ and SI data; 2) more accurate PRE to better estimate the needed parity rate to avoid undesired parity rate underestimations and overestimations; 3) novel soft reconstruction function to reduce the impact of the residual bitplane errors in the decoded WZ frame quality; and 4) weighted overlapped block motion compensation technique to refine the SI used in an iterative WZ decoding framework with the correlation noise model parameters dynamically updated. Experimental results show a considerable RD performance improvement with a reduction of up to about 2 dB of the gap between the ERC and DRC based approaches in TDWZ video coding solutions, thus making this ERC based WZ codec the most efficient available and competitive regarding DRC based WZ video coding solutions.
Mineral Mapping using Simulated Short-Wave-Infrared bands planned for DigtalGlobe WorldView-3 Data (2012)

Airborne hyperspectral data were used to simulate imagery from DigitalGlobe's proposed WorldView-3 (WV-3) satellite. A proposed new band configuration, including eight additional short-wave-infrared channels, demonstrates improved capability for geologic mapping and other applications.
Suramin in Adrenal Cancer: Modulation of Steroid Hormone Production, Cytotoxicity<i>in Vitro</i>, and Clinical Antitumor Effect* (1990)

Suramin, a drug known to have antiparasitic effects, has been previously shown to have adrenocorticolytic activity in primates. We now confirm preferential accumulation of this compound in the normal adrenal gland, evaluate its in vitro effect against two human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines (SW-13 and NCI-H295), and report the clinical activity of suramin in 17 patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma. Inhibition of colony formation occurred in both adrenal cell lines in vitro at concentrations that are clinically achievable in humans. In addition, suramin concentrations as low as 100 micrograms/mL were able to inhibit glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgen production by the NCI-H295 cell line. Of 16 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma now evaluable for tumor response, 2 achieved a partial response, 2 had a minor response, and 5 remained with stable disease for periods ranging from 3-10 months; the remainder progressed. One of 7 patients with excessive steroid hormone production achieved a partial normalization of her steroid levels for the duration of suramin therapy in the setting of radiographic disease stabilization. An additional patient treated off-study for lack of radiographically measurable disease, achieved complete normalization of plasma aldosterone levels. We conclude that suramin preferentially accumulates in adrenal cells, induces cytotoxicity and significant down-regulation of steroid hormone production in vitro, and has some therapeutic efficacy as a single agent in patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma.
Handling Rare Items in Data-to-Text Generation (2018)

Neural approaches to data-to-text generation generally handle rare input items using either delexicalisation or a copy mechanism. We investigate the relative impact of these two methods on two datasets (E2E and WebNLG) and using two evaluation settings. We show (i) that rare items strongly impact performance; (ii) that combining delexicalisation and copying yields the strongest improvement; (iii) that copying underperforms for rare and unseen items and (iv) that the impact of these two mechanisms greatly varies depending on how the dataset is constructed and on how it is split into train, dev and test 1 .
Projection based image and video inpainting using wavelets (2004)

In this paper, we present a technique for automatic color image inpainting, the art of modifying an image-region in a nondetectable form. The main algorithm is based on the theory of projections onto convex sets (POCS). The image and its wavelet transform are projected onto each other after applying suitable constraints in each domain. This technique exploits the frequency-spatial representation provided by wavelets and utilizes the correlation between the damaged area in the image and its neighborhood. The resulting restored area is homogeneous with its surrounding and preserves the aesthetics of the image. The same technique is used for simple video restoration problems. Video frames are stacked and treated as a 3D volume, making a natural use of interframe correlation.
Inducible SOS Response System of DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Escherichia coli (2008)

Chromosomal DNA is exposed to continuous damage and repair. Cells contain a number of proteins and specific DNA repair systems that help maintain its correct structure. The SOS response was the first DNA repair system described in Escherichia coli induced upon treatment of bacteria with DNA damaging agents arrest DNA replication and cell division. Induction of the SOS response involves more than forty independent SOS genes, most of which encode proteins engaged in protection, repair, replication, mutagenesis and metabolism of DNA. Under normal growth conditions the SOS genes are expressed at a basal level, which increases distinctly upon induction of the SOS response. The SOS-response has been found in many bacterial species (e.g., Salmonella typhimurium, Caulobacter crescentus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis), but not in eukaryotic cells. However, species from all kingdoms contain some SOS-like proteins taking part in DNA repair that exhibit amino acid homology and enzymatic activities related to those found in E. coli. but are not organized in an SOS system. This paper presents a brief up-to-date review describing the discovery of the SOS system, the physiology of SOS induction, methods for its determination, and the role of some SOS-induced genes.
MultiUN: A Multilingual Corpus from United Nation Documents. (2010)

Our interpretation is that the 'fetal origins' hypothesis' is valid for middle-age subjects who grow up in a welfare society. The population attributable proportions that result from different exposures to LBW were relatively small overall; from a public health perspective, heredity was more important than LBW for elevated SBP.
Block sparsity‐based joint compressed sensing recovery of multi‐channel ECG signals (2017)

In recent years, compressed sensing (CS) has emerged as an effective alternative to conventional wavelet based data compression techniques. This is due to its simple and energy-efficient data reduction procedure, which makes it suitable for resource-constrained wireless body area network (WBAN)-enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) telemonitoring applications. Both spatial and temporal correlations exist simultaneously in multi-channel ECG (MECG) signals. Exploitation of both types of correlations is very important in CS-based ECG telemonitoring systems for better performance. However, most of the existing CS-based works exploit either of the correlations, which results in a suboptimal performance. In this work, within a CS framework, the authors propose to exploit both types of correlations simultaneously using a sparse Bayesian learning-based approach. A spatiotemporal sparse model is employed for joint compression/reconstruction of MECG signals. Discrete wavelets transform domain block sparsity of MECG signals is exploited for simultaneous reconstruction of all the channels. Performance evaluations using Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt MECG diagnostic database show a significant gain in the diagnostic reconstruction quality of the MECG signals compared with the state-of-the art techniques at reduced number of measurements. Low measurement requirement may lead to significant savings in the energy-cost of the existing CS-based WBAN systems.
Selective Attention Gates Visual Processing in the Extrastriate Cortex (1985)

Single cells were recorded in the visual cortex of monkeys trained to attend to stimuli at one location in the visual field and ignore stimuli at another. When both locations were within the receptive field of a cell in prestriate area V4 or the inferior temporal cortex, the response to the unattended stimulus was dramatically reduced. Cells in the striate cortex were unaffected by attention. The filtering of irrelevant information from the receptive fields of extrastriate neurons may underlie the ability to identify and remember the properties of a particular object out of the many that may be represented on the retina.
Review article: pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence – the why, the what and the wherefore (2017)

Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence has been shown to be moderately efficacious with few safety concerns, but it is substantially underutilised. Concerted efforts must be made to remove the barriers to treatment in order to optimise the management of people with this condition.
Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Plasma Leptin Concentration in Lean and Obese Men (1996)

Alterations in the production of or the sensitivity to leptin, the protein encoded by the ob gene, cause obesity and diabetes in rodents. We evaluated the isolated relationship between leptin and insulin sensitivity in lean and obese humans. Three groups of subjects who were carefully matched for either insulin sensitivity (determined by the modified intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal model analysis) or adiposity (determined by hydrodensitometry) were studied: 1) lean insulin-sensitive men (percentage body fat, 15 +/- 1%); 2) lean insulin-resistant men (percentage body fat, 16 +/- 1%), matched on percentage body fat and fat mass with the lean insulin-sensitive group; and 3) obese insulin-resistant men (percentage body fat, 31 +/- 3), matched on insulin sensitivity with the lean insulin-resistant group. Basal plasma leptin concentrations were significantly lower in the lean insulin-sensitive than in the lean insulin-resistant men (1.90 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.35 +/- 1.21 ng/ml, P < 0.05) despite identical body composition. Plasma leptin in the obese men (9.27 +/- 1.4 ng/ml) was significantly higher than values in the two lean groups (P < 0.01). Marked alterations in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations induced by glucose and tolbutamide injection did not cause any change in plasma leptin levels. These results demonstrate that insulin resistance is associated with elevated plasma leptin levels independent of body fat mass. However, plasma insulin itself does not acutely regulate leptin production.
A graphical knowledge level approach for user-database interaction (2002)

The authors propose a novel user interface, the Graphical Knowledge Level interface, for user-database interaction. This interface addresses two of the current research problems: the semantic inadequacy of the relational model and the logical data dependence of the relational languages. The interface is more user-friendly than the SOL interface and the Universal Relation interface, as it employs the graphical approach. The semantic inadequacy problem is alleviated by using an enhanced entity-relationship model. This data model includes abstraction concepts such as aggregation, generalization, and categorization. A formal, high-level Graphical Knowledge Level Query Language, GKQL, which provides for both logical and physical data independence has also been designed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
G.L. Reddy (1948–2019) (2020)

With a deep sense of regret, I record the death of my beloved colleague Dr
Influence of hemp retting on the hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and the properties of hemp wood-OPC concrete (2020)

This work shows the influence of hemp retting on the hydration of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and the properties of Hemp-OPC concrete. Hemp is a very efficient thermal insulating material (Lambda = 0.055 W/m.K.). Hemp is also a powerful retarder of OPC hydration. Less than 1 kg of unretted Hemp can block the hydration of 10 kg of OPC (CEM I) for a minimum period of 7 days. The soluble organics of Hemp are the main retarders of hydration. They contain mainly glucose, fructose, maltotetraose and maltotriose. Hemp retting reduces the clarity of Hemp. The yellow degree b* (measured by a DR LANGE colorimeter) decreases from 16.1 to 9.9 with the retting level. Hemp retting also reduces the soluble organic content of Hemp represented by TOC content from 3.76 to 2.4%. We observed a good correlation between the color degree (Yellow degree b*) and the soluble organics content of Hemp. On a composition of Hemp-OPC concrete (Wetting water/Hemp ratio = 3, Efficient water/OPC ratio = 0.35, Hemp/OPC ratio = 0.23) with different retting levels of Hemp (b* = 16.1 to 9.9), the density of dry concrete varies from 480 to 690 kg/m3; the compressive strength at 7 days increases from 0.1 to 2.4 MPa and the Lambda increases from 0.1 to 0.175 W/m.K. We also observed a good correlation between the properties of concrete and the degree of hemp retting.
A Novel Phase Enhancement Method for Low-Angle Estimation Based on Supervised DNN Learning (2019)

In low-altitude target situation, the multi-path signals cause the amplitude-phase distortion of direct signal from targets and degrade the performance of existing methods. Hence, in this paper, we propose a phase enhancement method for low-angle estimation using supervised deep neural network (DNN) to mitigate the phase distortion, thus to improve direction of arrival (DOA) estimation accuracy. The mapping relationship between the original phase difference distribution of the received signal and desired phase difference distribution is learned by DNN during training. The phase of test data is enhanced by trained DNN, and the enhanced phase is used for DOA estimation. We explain the significance of enhancing phase instead of amplitude by discussing the sensitivity of amplitude and phase on DOA estimation. Moreover, we prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method by simulation experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique has a better performance in terms of estimation error and goodness of fit (GoF) than the physics-driven DOA estimation methods and state-of-the-art methods including feature reversal and the support vector regression (SVR).
Identification of a retinoic acid-sensitive period during primary axis formation in Xenopus laevis. (1990)

Retinoic acid (RA) is able to profoundly alter patterning of the primary body axis in embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis. The response to RA is dose-dependent, and leads to progressive truncation of the anteroposterior axis, with anterior structures most sensitive. Both mesodermal and ectodermal tissues are affected, and in vitro assays demonstrate that induced dorsal ectoderm is one direct target of RA. RA represses expression of anterior-specific genes and concomitantly induces expression of at least one posterior-specific gene. Resistance to RA is acquired gradually, during gastrula and early neurula stages, with posterior structures becoming resistant before anterior structures. These data demarcate in the embryo an anterior "domain," which may define the head rudiment and which transcends germ layers. RA can alter the axial pattern after its initial induction; thus, RA sensitivity defines a labile intermediate that occurs during axial patterning. These data suggest a possible role for RA in normal axis formation.
Hybrid ARQ Protocol for Multi-Antenna Multicasting Using a Common Feedback Channel (2011)

Wireless multicasting (also called common information broadcasting) is a technique where a common information message is transmitted to multiple users. This is typically accomplished by having the basestation broadcast out a signal representing this message. In this paper, we consider a multicasting scheme where the basestation transmits the multicasting signal without any a-priori knowledge of the users' channel state information. In this set-up, a hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) control is employed to improve the reliability of multicasting communication. In most hybrid ARQ set-ups, each user is usually allocated a dedicated feedback channel to tell the basestation if the previously transmitted signal was correctly decoded. However, dedicated feedback channels waste significant uplink resources, especially when the number of users is large. To mitigate this problem, we consider a negative acknowledgement (NACK) based hybrid ARQ control where the failed users are allowed to transmit the NACK signal (which is assumed to be the same for all users) through a common channel while the other users remain silent. We consider the effect of feedback error and multicasting signal decoding error on our hybrid ARQ system performance as the number of users grows large. Specifically, it is shown that the throughput performance of the proposed hybrid ARQ scheme using repetition retransmission is not severely degraded relative to the throughput performance of the noiseless feedback case. In addition, we show that the performance improvement obtained by replacing repetition encoding with incremental redundancy becomes insignificant for the large number of users asymptote. On the other hand, it is shown that the improvement provided by incremental redundancy is significant when some of the users are allowed to fail to decode the message.
Influence of the relative humidity on the morphology of inkjet printed spots of IgG on a non-porous substrate (2014)

During the drying of inkjet printed droplets, the solute particles (IgG-Alexa-635 molecules) in the drop may distribute unevenly on the substrate, resulting in a “coffee-stain” spot morphology.
Getting Started with Geographic Information Systems (1996)

(NOTE: Each chapter includes Study Guide, Exercises, References, and Key Terms and Definitions.) 1. What Is a GIS? Getting Started. Some Definitions of GIS. A Brief History of GIS. Sources of Information on GIS. People in GIS: Nils Larsen. 2. GIS's Roots in Cartography. Map and Attribute Information. Map Scale and Projections. Coordinate Systems. Geographic Information. 3. Maps as Numbers. Representing Maps as Numbers. Structuring Attributes. Structuring Maps. Why Topology Matters. Formats for GIS Data. Exchanging Data. People in GIS: Mark Bosworth. 4. Getting the Map into the Computer. Analog-to-Digital Maps. Finding Existing Map Data. Digitizing and Scanning. Field and Image Data. Data Entry. Editing and Validation. People in GIS: Susan Benjamin. 5. What Is Where? Basic Database Management. Searches by Attribute. Searches by Geography. The Query Interface. 6. Why Is It There? Describing Attributes. Statistical Analysis. Spatial Description. Spatial Analysis. Searching for Spatial Relationships. GIS and Spatial Analysis. 7. Making Maps with GIS. The Parts of a Map. Choosing a Map Type. Designing the Map. 8. How to Pick a GIS. The Evolution of GIS Software. GIS and Operating Systems. GIS Software Capabilities. GIS Software and Data Structures. Choosing the Best GIS. People in GIS: Assaf Anyamba. 9. GIS in Action. Introducing GIS in Action. Case Study 1: GIS Fights the Gypsy Moth. Case Study 2: GIS and Road Accidents in Connecticut. Case Study 3: GIS Helps Environmental Assessment in Brooklyn. Case Study 4: The Channel Islands GIS. Case Study 5: Using GIS and GPS to Map the Sliding Rocks of Racetrack Playa. 10. The Future of GIS. Why Speculate? Future Data. Future Hardware. Future Software. Some Future Issues and Problems. Conclusion. People in GIS: Michael Goodchild. Glossary. Index.
Time-Frequency Based Intentional Interference Suppression Techniques in GNSS Receivers (2012)

There are some scenarios where GNSS receiver could be completely jammed due to interference sources such as in-car jammers that degrade positioning performance proportional to the distance. In that case, by using pre-correlation interference excisers, it is possible to increase the interference immunity of the receiver. This paper concerns two interference suppression methods namely Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Short Time Fractional Fourier Transform (STFrFT) against in-car GNSS chirp jammer. To the best of our knowledge, FrFT is used for the first time in GNSS domain as an interference cancellation method. Both methods use blanking as an excision method in the transform domain. For the sake of fairness in the comparison of both methods and in order to have equal time resolution, same window size is used. Our analysis showed that STFrFT outperformed STFT by around 1.1 dB tracking sensitivity gain in the presence of single component chirp jammer signal.