gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization, and cure chemistry of high performance phosphate cyanate ester resins (2015)

Three thermosetting cyanate ester resins with phosphate cores and potential fire-resistant applications have been synthesized and characterized. A trifunctional resin studied in this work (<bold>PhosCy3</bold>) has a <italic>T</italic><sub>g</sub> > 360 °C and a char yield of 67% in air.
A Log-MMSE Adaptive Filter Using a non-Linear Spatial Filter (2008)

In this paper, we present a new adaptive microphone array processing algorithm for hands-free sound capture. Most traditional adaptive beamforming techniques operate solely on the basis of the direction of arrival of the desired source and are blind to any knowledge about the signal itself. In contrast, the proposed algorithm uses a nonlinear spatial filter to generate an estimate of the magnitude of the source signal. This estimate is then used to drive the adaptation of a linear beamformer according to a log-MMSE criterion. By combining a nonlinear spatial filter with an adaptive beamformer in this manner, we are able to exploit the high SNR output from the nonlinear spatial filter to drive a linear beamformer that does not suffer from distortions or artifacts. A series of experiments demonstrate that the proposed method generates improvements in PESQ and SNR over conventional methods.
Laser speckle reduction techniques for mid-infrared microscopy and stand-off spectroscopy (2017)

Due to their high brightness, infrared (IR) lasers (such as tunable quantum cascade lasers, QCLLs) are very attractive illumination sources in both stand-off spectroscopy and micro-spectroscopy. In fact, they are the enabling device for trace-level spectroscopy. However, due to their high coherence as laser beams, QCLLs can cause speckle, especially when illuminating a rough surface. This is highly detrimental to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of thee collected spectra and can easily negate the gains from using aa high brightness source. In most cases, speckle reduction is performed at the expense of optical power. In this paper, we examine several speckle reduction approaches and evaluate them for their ability to reduce speckle contrast while at the same time preserving aa high optical throughput. We analyze multi-mode fibers, integrating spheres, and stationary and moving diffusers for their speckle reduction potential. Speckle-contrast is measured directly by acquiring beam profiles of the illumination beam or, indirectly, by observing speckle formation from illuminating a rough surface (e.g. Infragold® coated surface) with an IR micro-bolometer camera. We also report on a novel speckle-reducing device with increased optical throughput. We characterize speckle contrast reduction from spatial, temporal and wavelength averaging for both CWW and pulsed QCLs. Examples of effect of speckle-reduction on hyperspectral images in both standoff and microscopy configurations are given.
Attraction of Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to a Virgin-Female-Produced Pheromone in the Field1,2 (1971)

Journal Article Attraction of Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to a Virgin-Female-Produced Pheromone in the Field, Get access John W. Peacock, John W. Peacock 3Research Entomologists, USDA Research Laboratory, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service, USDA, Delaware, Ohio 43015. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Charles Lincoln, A. Charles Lincoln 3Research Entomologists, USDA Research Laboratory, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service, USDA, Delaware, Ohio 43015. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John B. Simeone, John B. Simeone 4Professor of Forest Entomology, New York State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. 13210. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert M. Silverstein Robert M. Silverstein 5Professor of Ecological Chemistry, New York State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 64, Issue 5, 15 September 1971, Pages 1143–1149, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/64.5.1143 Published: 15 September 1971 Article history Received: 26 April 1971 Published: 15 September 1971
Photoactivation of Strong Photoluminescence in Superacid-Treated Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide (2020)

To advance the development of atomically thin optoelectronics using two-dimensional (2D) materials, engineering strong luminescence with a physicochemical basis is crucial. Semiconducting monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are candidates for this, but their quantum yield (QY) is known to be poor. Recently, a molecular superacid treatment of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI) generated unambiguously bright monolayer TMDCs and a high QY. However, this method is highly dependent on the processing conditions and therefore has not been generalized. Here, we shed light on environmental factors to activate the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the TFSI-treated monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>, with a factor of more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than the original by photoactivation. The method is useful for both mechanically exfoliated and chemically deposited samples. The existence of photoirradiation larger than the band gap demonstrates enhancement of the PL of MoS<sub>2</sub>; on the other hand, activation by thermal annealing, as demonstrated in the previous report, is less effective for enhancing the PL intensity. The photoactivated monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> shows a long lifetime of ∼1.35 ns, more than a 30-fold improvement over the original as exfoliated. The consistent realization of the bright monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> reveals that air exposure is an essential factor in the process. TFSI treatment in a N<sub>2</sub> environment was not effective for achieving a strong PL, even after the photoactivation. These findings can serve as a basis for engineering the bright atomically thin materials for 2D optoelectronics.
Instrumentation for direct, low frequency scanning capacitance microscopy, and analysis of position dependent stray capacitance (2002)

We describe instrumentation for scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM), using an atomic force microscope, that is designed to make calibrated, low frequency measurements of tip–sample capacitance and spreading resistance of thin dielectric films. We also characterize spatial variations in stray capacitance Cstray that must be understood before such measurements can be interpreted. Existing SCM circuits are generally optimized for measuring dC/dV, and not for calibrated low frequency measurements of absolute capacitance. Our circuit uses a commercially available current amplifier and low frequency (∼5 kHz) lock-in detection. This circuit adds an inverted, constant amplitude current to suppress the stray displacement current from the large (∼0.5 pF) stray capacitance Cstray between the sample and the mm-sized cantilever–probe assembly. The capacitance noise spectrum is ∼0.35 aF/Hz and is flat down to 1 Hz measurement frequency, with an integrated noise &lt;5 aF integrated over a 1–160 Hz bandwidth. We have also used this instrumentation to identify and characterize significant (&gt;1 fF) variations in Cstray that must be understood in order to accurately measure aF-level variations in the nm-scale tip–sample capacitance. We find that Cstray varies with lateral probe position. This is due to tilting of the probe assembly as the piezoelectric scanner tube bends during scanning. We also find that Cstray varies significantly with probe–assembly height. This causes topography related artifacts in capacitance images of rough surfaces. However, we show that stray capacitance artifacts can be mostly eliminated by properly characterizing position and height dependent variations in Cstray and subtracting them from measured capacitance data.
Dynallax: dynamic parallax barrier autostereoscopic display (2007)

Parallax barrier strip autostereoscopic (AS) virtual reality (VR) displays have been constructed by placing a barrier of lines in front of an LCD display device. Together with a head tracking system and associated software to interleave portions of left and right eye images in appropriate positions on the display device, an AS effect is achieved that can be quite compelling. In the past, the barrier was a static component that imposes certain limitations on the system. The barrier is manufactured to produce various system parameters such as number of viewers, type of autostereo system, size of working area. For example, in a static barrier head-tracked system the number of viewers is invariably one because of these static barrier limitations.
Substituting a dynamic parallax barrier for the static barrier frees the system from such constraints. Not only can barrier parameters be easily adjusted, but the barrier can be disabled entirely, converting the AS system to a 2D display. View distance range is expanded; moreover optimum optical conditions are maintained throughout the range. The inherent sensitivity to latency in a head-tracked parallax barrier system is mitigated by translating the dynamic barrier image in response to rapid head movements. Finally, by dynamically controlling the parallax barrier in real time, more than two eye channels are produced, for example to accommodate two viewers and provide each viewer with an independent pair of stereo perspectives.
A prototype system called Dynallax is researched and developed to demonstrate the qualities of a dynamic parallax barrier for AS. This is a small single-panel prototype based on a stacked dual-LCD display that is scalable by tiling. Besides investigating Dynallax on a purchased stacked display, improvements in dual stacked LCD construction are investigated by constructing a custom display from dissimilar components. Finally, results are shared with the scientific community through publication in a distinguished virtual reality conference.
A Survey on Intersection Management of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (2020)

Intersection management of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) has the potential to improve safety and mobility. CAVs approaching an intersection can exchange information with the infrastructure or each other to schedule their cross times. By avoiding unnecessary stops, scheduling CAVs can increase traffic throughput, reduce energy consumption, and most importantly, minimize the number of accidents that happen in intersection areas due to human errors. We study existing intersection management approaches from following key perspectives: (1) intersection management interface, (2) scheduling policy, (3) existing wireless technologies, (4) existing vehicle models used by researchers and their impact, (5) conflict detection, (6) extension to multi-intersection management, (7) challenges of supporting human-driven vehicles, (8) safety and robustness required for real-life deployment, (9) graceful degradation and recovery for emergency scenarios, (10) security concerns and attack models, and (11) evaluation methods. We then discuss the effectiveness and limitations of each approach with respect to the aforementioned aspects and conclude with a discussion on tradeoffs and further research directions.
<title>Applications of ultrashort-pulse lasers for hard tissue surgery</title> (1996)

Lasers are currently limited in their ability to remove hard tissue. Furthermore, many laser systems, such as the long pulse infrared lasers used to ablate bone or hard dental tissue, also generate unacceptable heat levels and cause collateral tissue damage. Ultrashort pulse lasers, however, are highly efficient, quiet and relatively free of damage. With recent development now allowing operation at high pulse repetition rates, ultrashort pulse systems can yield significant material volume removal which can potentially match or even exceed conventional technology while still maintaining the minimal collateral damage characteristics. In this paper, we report on preliminary studies of 350 fs pulse interactions with hard tissue and compare our results to the nanosecond ablation regime.
Ultralow-Power Near Infrared Lamp Light Operable Targeted Organic Nanoparticle Photodynamic Therapy (2016)

Tissue penetration depth is a major challenge in practical photodynamic therapy (PDT). A biocompatible and highly effective near infrared (NIR)-light-absorbing carbazole-substituted BODIPY (Car-BDP) molecule is reported as a class of imaging-guidable deep-tissue activatable photosensitizers for PDT. Car-BDP possesses an intense, broad NIR absorption band (600-800 nm) with a remarkably high singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ<sub>Δ</sub> = 67%). After being encapsulated with biodegradable PLA-PEG-FA polymers, Car-BDP can form uniform and small organic nanoparticles that are water-soluble and tumor-targetable. Rather than using laser light, such nanoparticles offer an unprecedented deep-tissue, tumor targeting photodynamic therapeutic effect by using an exceptionally low-power-density and cost-effective lamp light (12 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>). In addition, these nanoparticles can be simultaneously traced in vivo due to their excellent NIR fluorescence. This study signals a major step forward in photodynamic therapy by developing a new class of NIR-absorbing biocompatible organic nanoparticles for effective targeting and treatment of deep-tissue tumors. This work also provides a potential new platform for precise tumor-targeting theranostics and novel opportunities for future affordable clinical cancer treatment.
High performance wash-free magnetic bioassays through microfluidically enhanced particle specificity (2015)

Magnetic biosensors have emerged as a sensitive and versatile platform for high performance medical diagnostics. These magnetic biosensors require well-tailored magnetic particles as detection probes, which need to give rise to a large and specific biological signal while showing very low nonspecific binding. This is especially important in wash-free bioassay protocols, which do not require removal of particles before measurement, often a necessity in point of care diagnostics. Here we show that magnetic interactions between magnetic particles and magnetized sensors dramatically impact particle transport and magnetic adhesion to the sensor surfaces. We investigate the dynamics of magnetic particles' biomolecular binding and magnetic adhesion to the sensor surface using microfluidic experiments. We elucidate how flow forces can inhibit magnetic adhesion, greatly diminishing or even eliminating nonspecific signals in wash-free magnetic bioassays, and enhancing signal to noise ratios by several orders of magnitude. Our method is useful for selecting and optimizing magnetic particles for a wide range of magnetic sensor platforms.
Xylose (Glucose) Isomerase Gene from the Thermophile<i>Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum;</i>Cloning, Sequencing, and Expression in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

The xylose isomerase gene from the thermophile Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum has been cloned, using a fragment of the Bacillus subtilis gene as a probe. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was analyzed. C. thermohydrosulfuricum is the most thermophilic organism from which a xylose isomerase gene has been cloned and characterized. Comparison with amino acid sequences from other xylose isomerases showed that amino acids involved in substrate binding and isomerization are well conserved. Purification of the enzyme produced in E. coli was done by heating a cell-free extract at 85 degrees C for 10 min, giving a 20-fold purified enzyme. The native enzyme is a homomeric tetramer with a molecular weight of 200,000.
Comprehensive comparison of gradient-based cross-spectral stereo matching generated disparity maps (2017)

In Gradient-Based Cross-Spectral Stereo Matching (GB-CSSM) output disparity maps tend to produce coarse results that are, for the most part, reliable. However, general methods of improving the performance of disparity maps generated from the Cross-Spectral comparison of visual and full infrared input images are non-existent. In particular, previous works fail to address the role and interaction of the parameters present in a GB-CSSM algorithm as a way to improve the performance of a disparity map. In this paper, we introduce the first comprehensive comparison of GB-CSSM generated disparity maps. More specifically, we consider all possible input parameter combinations to a GB-CCSM algorithm and evaluate how these parameters affect runtime as well as accuracy and validity of the disparity maps. Our objective is to provide designers with a systematic means of classifying and easily identifying optimal disparity maps (in terms of a combination of runtime, accuracy, and validity). Our experimental results show how a Pareto frontier of optimal disparity maps can be generated as a result of our analysis. The ultimate goal is to allow for the development of new and improved GB-CSSM algorithms that can be applied to a broader range of applications.
An Efficient and Expressive Access Control Architecture for Content-Based Networks (2014)

Tactical content-based networks provide high military utility in dynamic mobile networks with intermittent connectivity and inherent disruption. Protecting the confidentiality of information exchanges (content and metadata) in such networks is particularly challenging since the publisher of information does not know who the subscribers are, yet the publisher wants fine-grained control over who has access to the information. Cipher text Policy Attribute Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is a widely accepted cryptographic solution to this 1-many access control problem. This paper presents an efficient and expressive access control architecture for content-based networks based on CP-ABE. A key contribution of the paper is the efficiency of the proposed cryptographic solution which makes it practical in a resource constrained tactical network. We demonstrate our secure and efficient solution over a state-of-the-art tactical content based network, and we quantify its performance overhead.
Recent Progress in Transition-Metal-Doped II–VI Mid-IR Lasers (2007)

Recent progress in transition metal (TM)-doped II-VI semiconductor materials (mainly Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> :ZnSe) makes them the sources of choice for laser when one needs a compact continuous wave (CW) system with tunability over 1.9-3.1 mum, output powers up to 2.7 W, and high (up to 70%) conversion efficiency. The unique combination of technological (low-cost ceramic material) and spectroscopic characteristics make these materials ideal candidates for new regimes of operation such as microchip and multiline lasing. This paper reviews these nontraditional Cr-doped middle-infrared (mid-IR) lasers as well as describes emerging Fe <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> :ZnSe lasers having potential to operate at room temperature (RT) over the spectral range extended to 3.7-5.1 mum. In addition to being wideband semiconductors, effective RT mid-IR lasing TM-doped II-VI media also hold potential for direct electrical excitation. This paper shows the initial steps toward achieving this goal by studying Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> -Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> - and-doped quantum dots. We have demonstrated a novel method of TM-doped II-VI quantum dots fabrication based on laser ablation in liquid environment. TM-doped II-VI quantum dots demonstrated strong mid-IR luminescence. It opens a new pathway for future optically and electrically pumped mid-IR lasers based on TM-doped quantum confined structures.
Identification of Nonpeptidic Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Interleukin‐2. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Encoding the sinusoidal model of an audio signal using compressed sensing (2009)

In this paper, the compressed sensing (CS) methodology is applied to the harmonic part of sinusoidally-modeled audio signals. As this part of the model is sparse by definition in the frequency domain, we investigate how CS can be used to encode this signal at low bitrates, instead of encoding the sinusoidal parameters (amplitude, frequency, phase) as current state-of-the-art methods do. We extend our previous work by considering an improved system model, by comparing our model to other schemes, and exploring the effect of incorrectly reconstructed frames. We show that encouraging results can be obtained by our approach, although inferior at this point compared to state-of-the-art. Good performance is obtained using 24 bits per sinusoid as indicated by our listening tests.
E-selectin-dependent adhesion efficiency of colonic carcinoma cells is increased by genetic manipulation of their cell surface lysosomal membrane glycoprotein-1 expression levels (1993)

Lysosomal membrane glycoprotein (lamp)-1 and lamp-2 are the most abundant glycoproteins within the lysosomal membrane. A small amount of lamp-1 and lamp-2 molecules, however, can be present on the cell surface. We have shown previously that highly metastatic colonic carcinoma L4 cells express more lamp-1 and lamp-2 on the cell surface than low metastatic SP cells (Saitoh, O., Wang, W.-L., Lotan, R., and Fukuda, M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 5700-5711). Since lamp-1 and lamp-2 are the major carriers for poly-N-acetyllactosamines that are able to display sialyl-Le(x) termini, we sought to determine if an increased amount of lamp-1 on the cell surface would lead to increased expression of cell surface sialyl-Le(x) determinants and to the increased adhesion of those cells to E-selectin. Expression of increased amounts of lamp-1 on the cell surface was achieved either by overexpression of lamp-1 or by expressing a mutant lamp-1 molecule preferentially at the plasma membrane, rather than in lysosomes. Cells that express variable amounts of cell surface lamp-1 were tested for their adhesion to activated endothelial cells or E-selectin expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results clearly show that the extent of adhesion to E-selectin and cell surface sialyl-Le(x) determinants is proportional to the amount of cell surface lamp-1. Moreover, it was demonstrated that such adhesion can be inhibited by soluble lamp-1 generated from Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing sialyl-Le(x) structures. These results indicate that lamp-1 can efficiently present ligands for E-selectin and at the same time can be a useful reagent for inhibition of E-selectin (and possibly P-selectin)-mediated interaction.
Epoxide Hydrolases: Mechanisms, Inhibitor Designs, and Biological Roles (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.