gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel 100 MHz–45 GHz Input-Termination-Less Distributed Amplifier Design With Low-Frequency Low-Noise and High Linearity Implemented With A 6 Inch <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.15~ {\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> GaN-SiC Wafer Process Technology (2016)

This paper describes a novel low-noise input-termination-less cascode distributed amplifier (DA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) design. The design was implemented with a 0.15 μm gate gallium nitride on silicon carbide GaN-SiC high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) 6 inch wafer process technology. The GaN MMIC achieves a bandwidth from 100 MHz-45 GHz with greater than 10 dB gain and previously benchmarked the first published mm-wave MMIC results produced on a 6 inch GaN on SiC wafer process technology. The unique input-gate-termination-less DA topology reduces the low-frequency noise figure (NF) of the conventional resistive-terminated DA without compromising the third order intercept point (IP3) linearity. The new design achieves 1.6 dB NF at 250 MHz and a NF improvement of at least 1 dB and as much as 4 dB or greater for frequencies below 5 GHz compared to the conventional DA approach. The GaN MMIC also achieves an average mid-band NF of 2.5-3 dB, a saturated output power (Psat) of 1 Watt, and a mid-band output IP3 of 38 dBm. The new design architecture combined with the inherent device characteristics of GaN-SiC technology can provide performance benefits for next-generation coherent fiber optic, instrumentation and advanced broadband radio architecture applications.
Quasi-velocity-matched electrooptic phase modulator for the synthesis of ultrashort optical pulses (1997)

We report a quasi-velocity-matched electrooptic (EO) phase modulator in LiTaO/sub 3/ with periodic domain inversion. It is suitable for deep modulation at high frequency and can be used to generate ultra-wide sideband signals for forming ultrashort optical pulses. In experiments, phase modulation with a modulation index of 57 rad has been successfully obtained at 16.25 GHz, and thereby optical sidebands extending over as wide as 1.85 THz (FWHM) have been attained. The sidebands produced are broad enough to form subpicosecond pulses using the chirping-compression method.
MACHINE VISIONBASED GUIDANCE SYSTEM FOR AN AGRICULTURAL SMALLGRAIN HARVESTER (2003)

A machine vision guidance system was developed for an agricultural combine harvester. The guidance algorithmseparated the uncut crop rows from the surrounding background material, parameterized the crop rows, and calculated aguidance signal. A single monochrome camera mounted on the cab of the combine supplied the crop images. The algorithmwas developed for corn and was tested under both laboratory and field conditions. Test results showed that the algorithm wascapable of accurately locating crop rows in the image and providing a satisfactory lateral position signal for automatedcombine guidance. At a speed of 1.3 m/s (3 mph), the system was capable of guiding the combine at the same accuracy levelas the GPS recording system available.
Contributed Review: Distributed optical fibre dynamic strain sensing (2016)

Extensive research on Brillouin- and Raman-based distributed optical fibre sensors over the past two decades has resulted in the commercialization of distributed sensors capable of measuring static and quasi-static phenomena such as temperature and strain. Recently, the focus has been shifted towards developing distributed sensors for measurement of dynamic phenomena such as dynamic strain and sound waves. This article reviews the current state of the art distributed optical fibre sensors capable of quantifying dynamic vibrations. The most important aspect of Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering processes which have been used for distributed dynamic measurement are studied. The principle of the sensing techniques used to measure dynamic perturbations are analyzed followed by a case study of the most recent advances in this field. It is shown that the Rayleigh-based sensors have longer sensing range and higher frequency range, but their spatial resolution is limited to 1 m. On the other hand, the Brillouin-based sensors have shown a higher spatial resolution, but relatively lower frequency and sensing ranges.
Applications of Blockchain Technology beyond Cryptocurrency (2018)

Blockchain (BC), the technology behind the Bitcoin crypto-currency system, is considered to be both alluring and critical for ensuring enhanced security and (in some implementations, non-traceable) privacy for diverse applications in many other domains - including in the Internet of Things (IoT) eco-system. Intensive research is currently being conducted in both academia and industry applying the Blockchain technology in multifarious applications. Proof-of-Work (PoW), a cryptographic puzzle, plays a vital rôle in ensuring BC security by maintaining a digital ledger of transactions, which is considered to be incorruptible. Furthermore, BC uses a changeable Public Key (PK) to record the users’ identity, which provides an extra layer of privacy. Not only in cryptocurrency has the successful adoption of BC been implemented but also in multifaceted non-monetary systems such as in: distributed storage systems, proof-of-location, healthcare, decentralized voting and so forth. Recent research articles and projects/applications were surveyed to assess the implementation of BC for enhanced security, to identify associated challenges and to propose solutions for BC enabled enhanced security systems.
Aluminum Foundry Products (1990)

Abstract Aluminum casting alloys are the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have the highest castability ratings. This article discusses the designation and classification of aluminum casting alloys based on their composition and the factors influencing alloy selection. Alloys discussed include rotor alloys, commercial duralumin alloys, premium casting alloys, piston and elevated-temperature alloys, general-purpose alloys, magnesium alloys, aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloys, and bearing alloys. Six basic types of aluminum alloys developed for casting include aluminum-copper, aluminum-copper-silicon, aluminum-silicon, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-zinc-magnesium, and aluminum-tin. The article also describes the main casting processes for aluminum alloys, which include die casting, permanent mold casting, sand casting (green sand and dry sand), plaster casting, and investment casting. In addition, the article discusses factors affecting the mechanical and physical properties, microstructural features that affect mechanical properties, the effects of alloying, and major applications of aluminum casting alloys.
Adaptive Tracking Control for Robots with Unknown Kinematic and Dynamic Properties (2006)

It has been almost two decades since the first globally tracking convergent adaptive controllers were derived for robot with dynamic uncertainties. However, the problem of concurrent adaptation to both kinematic and dynamic uncertainties has never been systematically solved. This is the subject of this paper. We derive a new adaptive Jacobian controller for trajectory tracking of robot with uncertain kinematics and dynamics. It is shown that the robot endeffector is able to converge to a desired trajectory with the uncertain kinematics and dynamics parameters being updated online by parameter update laws. The algorithm requires only to measure the end-effector position, besides the robot's joint angles and joint velocities. The proposed controller can also be extended to adaptive visual tracking control with uncertain camera parameters, taking into consideration the uncertainties of the nonlinear robot kinematics and dynamics. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed controllers. In the experiments, we demonstrate that the robot's shadow can be used to control the robot.
A Logistics Monitoring Technology Based on Wireless Sensors (2017)

A logistics monitoring technology is proposed based on the analysis for the traditional logistics enterprises. By tracking the existing monitoring system and data transmission technology, a new technology WSN-based logistics vehicle monitoring system is adopted. The practical significance to monitoring and managing the logistics processes effectively is to diminish transportation costs, improve logistics efficiency and avoid needless economic loss. The results show that the WSN not only realizes the positioning of the vehicle, but also can effectively manage the goods, improve the efficiency in the transportation management of the goods. In addition, this experiment system also adds a temperature sensitive alarm circuit to improve the safety performance of the terminal. Based on the result, it is concluded that this technology can adjust the transmission power and reduce energy consumption to extend the network life cycle as long as possible.
A 255nW ultra-high input impedance analog front-end for non-contact ECG monitoring (2017)

This paper presents a high-input impedance analog front-end (AFE) for low-power bio-potential acquisition. In order to boost input impedance, parasitic capacitance from PCB, pad, and amplifier gate input were cancelled using shielding buffer and positive feedback. To maximize the amount of positive feedback while guaranteeing stability, a self-calibration scheme is proposed for the positive feedback. A prototype IC fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS consumes 255nW from 0.8V supply. Measured input impedance with the proposed calibration is 50GΩ at 50Hz which is equivalent to an input capacitance of 60fF. It is also verified that the proposed scheme is resilient to supply and temperature variations and applicable to non-contact ECG monitoring.
Does the “Holism theory” Explain the Increase in Antimicrobial Efficacy and the Lack of Acquired or Innate Resistance to 5th Generation Silane Quaternary Compounds? (2020)

The "Holism theory" is credited to Aristotle, who said "the whole is greater than the sum of the parts". From a purist point of view, it is unlikely that he actually said those exact words.
Deterministic photon-photon<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:mstyle class="small-cap"><mml:mtext>SWAP</mml:mtext></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt></mml:mrow></mml:math>gate using a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>system (2010)

We theoretically present a method to realize a deterministic photon-photon $\sqrt{\text{SWAP}}$ gate using a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system interacting with single photons in reflection geometry. The $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system is used completely passively as a temporary memory for a photonic qubit; the initial state of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system may be arbitrary, and active control by auxiliary fields is unnecessary throughout the gate operations. These distinct merits make this entangling gate suitable for deterministic and scalable quantum computation.
Development of Lithium-Stuffed Garnet-Type Oxide Solid Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity for Application to All-Solid-State Batteries (2016)

All-solid-state lithium-ion battery (LiB) is expected as one of the next generation energy storage devices because of their high energy density, high safety and excellent cycle stability. Although oxide-based solid electrolyte materials have rather lower conductivity and poor deformability than sulfide-based one, they have other advantages such as their chemical stability and easiness for handling. Among the various oxide-based SEs, lithium stuffed garnet-type oxide with the formula of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) have been widely studied because of their high conductivity above 10-4 Scm-1 at room temperature, excellent thermal performance and stability against Li metal anode.Here, we present our recent progress for the development of garnet-type solid electrolytes with high conductivity by simultaneous substitution of Ta5+ into Zr4+ site and Ba2+ into La3+ site in LLZ. Li+ concentration was fixed to 6.5 per chemical formulae, so that the formulae of our Li garnet-type oxide is expressed as Li6.5La3-xBaxZr1.5-xTa0.5+xO12 (LLBZT) and Ba contents x are changed from 0 to 0.3. As results, all LLBZT samples have cubic garnet structure without containing any secondary phases. The lattice parameters of LLBZT decrease with increasing Ba2+ contents x < 0.10 while increase with x from 0.10 to 0.30, possibly due to the simultaneous change of Ba2+ and Ta5+ substitution levels. Relative densities of LLBZT are in the range between 89% and 93% and not influenced so much by the compositions. From AC impedance spectroscopy measurements, the total (bulk + grain) conductivity at 27ºC of LLBZT shows its maximum value of 8.34 x 10-4 S cm-1 at x = 0.10, which is slightly higher than the conductivity (= 7.94 x 10-4 S cm-1) of LLZT without substituting Ba (x = 0). Activation energy of the conductivity tends to become lower by Ba substation, while excess Ba substitution degrades the conductivity in LLBZT. LLBZT has wide electrochemical potential window of 0-6 V vs. Li+/Li and reversible Li+ insertion and extraction reactions of TiNb2O7 film electrode formed on LLBZT by aerosol deposition are successfully demonstrated at 60ºC. The results indicate that LLBZT can potentially be used as a solid electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries.
Glycan Fingerprinting via Cold‐Ion Infrared Spectroscopy (2017)

The diversity of stereochemical isomers present in glycans and glycoconjugates poses a formidable challenge for comprehensive structural analysis. Typically, sophisticated mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques are used in combination with chromatography or ion-mobility separation. However, coexisting structurally similar isomers often render an unambiguous identification impossible. Other powerful techniques such as gas-phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy have been limited to smaller glycans, since conformational flexibility and thermal activation during the measurement result in poor spectral resolution. This limitation can be overcome by using cold-ion spectroscopy. The vibrational fingerprints of cold oligosaccharide ions exhibit a wealth of well-resolved absorption features that are diagnostic for minute structural variations. The unprecedented resolution of cold-ion spectroscopy coupled with tandem MS may render this the key technology to unravel complex glycomes.
A quantitative analysis of the effects of excitatory neurotoxins on retinal ganglion cells in the chick (1990)

The present study examines the differential effects of three excitotoxins, kainic acid (KA), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid (AMPA) on neurons within the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the chick retina. Two-day-old chicks were given a single, 5 microliters, intravitreal injection of KA, NMDA, or AMPA at a range of doses. Following treatment with 40 nmol KA, there was a 21% loss of neurons in the GCL. At 200 nmol KA, the loss increased to 46%. Exposure to KA eliminated mainly small neurons of soma area 5-15 microns2, and medium-sized ganglion cells of soma area 15-25 microns2. Large ganglion cells (greater than 25 microns2) remained unaffected. The vast majority of small cells were probably displaced amacrine cells. Exposure to 400 nmol NMDA resulted in a 14% loss of neurons, predominantly involving the large ganglion cells. At a dose of 3000 nmol NMDA, no further loss of cells was evident. Exposure to 200 nmol AMPA resulted in a 30% loss of large and some medium-sized ganglion cells. In a further series of experiments, exposure to excitotoxin was followed by a retinal scratch, which eliminated retinal ganglion cells within the axotomized region. The results indicate that only a small proportion of displaced amacrine cells are destroyed by NMDA and AMPA, whereas virtually all displaced amacrine cells are sensitive to KA. The findings of this study indicate the existence of subclasses of ganglion cells with specificity towards different types of excitatory amino acids (EAA).
Combining event-triggered and time-triggered traffic in FTT-CAN: analysis of the asynchronous messaging system (2002)

For some years, there has been a debate opposing event-triggered and time-triggered traffic paradigms in fieldbuses. While the former is better suited to sporadic sources of information, the latter is more suited to periodic streams of information. However, for certain applications, such as flexible real-time systems, a combination of both paradigms is desirable. The authors have recently proposed a new controller area network (CAN) based protocol, called FTT-CAN (Flexible Time-Triggered communication on CAN), that supports time-triggered communication in a flexible way. It also allows an efficient combination of both time-triggered and event-triggered traffic with temporal isolation. This paper describes the asynchronous messaging system of the FTT-CAN protocol which is responsible for the support of event-triggered traffic. Furthermore, a response time analysis is carried out concerning the handling of asynchronous communication requests.
Multiuser Scheduling on the Downlink of an LTE Cellular System (2008)

The challenge of scheduling user transmissions on the downlink of a long‐term evolution (LTE) cellular communication system is addressed. In particular, a novel optimalmultiuser scheduler is proposed. Numerical results show that the system performance improves with increasing correlation among OFDMA subcarriers. It is found that only a limited amount of feedback information is needed to achieve relatively good performance. A suboptimal reduced‐complexity scheduler is also proposed and shown to provide good performance. The suboptimal scheme is especially attractive when the number of users is large, in which case the complexity of the optimal scheme is high.
Study of the Structure−Properties Relationship of Phenolic Molecular Glass Resists for Next Generation Photolithography (2008)

In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of a family of phenolic molecular glasses with variable size and branch architecture. This research is aimed at providing an improved understanding of the relationship between the structural variations of these phenolic photoresist materials and their thermal properties. In particular, the effects of the molecular weight, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and structural effects on the glass transition temperature are studied in detail to gain a better understanding of their glass forming behavior. A fundamental understanding of such behavior is invaluable to the development of potential molecular photoresists for next generation lithography. Finally, these compounds are evaluated as positive-tone photoresists for lithographic applications for extreme UV (λ = 13.4 nm) lithography.
A New Easy Camera Calibration Technique Based on CircularPoints (2000)

Inspired by Zhang's work, a new easy technique for calibrating a camera based on circular points is proposed.The proposed technique only requires the camera to observe a newly designed planar calibration pattern (referred to as the model plane hereinafter) which includes a circle and a pencil of lines passing through the circle's center, at a few (at least three) different unknown orientations, then all the five intrinsic parameters can be determined linearly.The main point of our new technique is that it needs to know neither metric measurement on the model plane, nor the correspondences between points on the model plane and image ones, hence it can be done fully automatically.The proposed technique is particularly useful for those people who are not familiar with computer vision.Experiments with simulated data as well as with real images show that our new technique is robust and accurate.
Neural Models for Reasoning over Multiple Mentions Using Coreference (2018)

Bhuwan Dhingra, Qiao Jin, Zhilin Yang, William Cohen, Ruslan Salakhutdinov. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). 2018.
Quantitative Binding Models for CYP2C9 Based on Benzbromarone Analogues (2004)

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms involved in xenobiotic metabolism are enzymes whose substrate selectivity remains difficult to predict due to wide specificity and dynamic protein-substrate interactions. To uncover the determinants of specificity for cytochrome CYP2C9, a novel library of benzbromarone (bzbr) inhibitors was used to reevaluate its pharmacophore. CoMSIA was used with the bzbr ligands to generate both quantitative binding models and three-dimensional contour plots that pinpoint predicted interactions that are important for binding to 2C9. Since this class of compounds is more potent than any other toward 2C9, the small molecule properties deemed most ideal by the software were used to address protein-ligand interactions using new mutagenesis and structural data. Nine new bzbr analogues provide evidence that specific electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions contribute the most to 2C9's specificity. Three of the new analogues are better isosteres of bzbr that contain bulky groups adjacent to the phenol and have increased pK(a) values. These ligands test the hypothesis that anionic substrates bind with higher affinity to 2C9. Since they have higher affinity than the previous nonacidic analogues, the importance of bulky groups on the phenol ring appears to have been underestimated. CoMSIA models predict that these bulky groups are favorable for their hydrophobicity, while a negative charge is favored at the ketone oxygen rather than the phenol oxygen. The overlap of this ketone with electronegative groups of other 2C9 substrates suggests they act as key positive charge acceptors.
Future prospect of faecal microbiota transplantation as a potential therapy in asthma (2017)

There is convincing evidence from both human and animal studies suggesting that the gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating immune responses associated with the development of asthma. Certain intestinal microbial strains have been demonstrated to suppress or impair immune responsiveness in asthma experimental models, suggesting that specific species among gut commensal microbiota may play either a morbific or phylactic role in the progression of asthma. Evidence to date suggests that the intestinal microbiota represent fertile targets for prevention or management of asthma. The faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a rather straightforward therapy that manipulates the human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, by which a healthy donor microbiota is transferred into an existing but disturbed microbial ecosystem. The FMT may therefore represent a therapeutic approach for asthma treatment in the foreseeable future. At present, FMT therapy for asthma is very limited and should be actively studied. Considerable efforts are needed to increase our knowledge in the field of FMT therapy for asthma. In this review, we aimed to provide several insights into the development of FMT therapy for asthma.