gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive interference rejection in Human Body Communication using variable duty cycle integrating DDR receiver (2017)

Connected smart wearable devices are becoming increasingly popular with the advent of cheap, miniaturized, ultra-low-power computing and communication. Human Body Communication (HBC) is emerging as an alternative to Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) for communication among these devices, as it provides higher energy-efficiency and security. One of the biggest bottleneck of HBC is the interference picked up due to the human body antenna effect, with Signal to Interference Ratio often worse than -20dB. An interference robust integrating dual data rate (DDR) receiver is introduced which can adapt itself to changing interference conditions and provide high interference rejection by Pulse Width Modulation of integration clock, thus dynamically changing its duty cycle. The theory, architecture of the receiver is developed along with the adaptation algorithm to train the receiver to find the optimum duty cycle of operation. System-level simulations show >20 dB of rejection even in presence of variable interference frequencies.
Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Serum Marker for the Early Diagnosis of Stroke (2003)

No biological marker is currently available for the routine diagnosis of stroke. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether heart-fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) could be used as a valid diagnostic biomarker for stroke, as compared with neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B proteins. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis separation of cerebrospinal fluid proteins and mass spectrometry techniques, FABP was found elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of deceased patients, used as a model of massive brain damage. Because H-FABP, a FABP form present in many organs, is also localized in the brain, an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was developed to detect H-FABP in stroke versus control plasma samples. However, H-FABP being also a marker of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), troponin-I and creatine kinase-MB levels were assayed at the same time in order to exclude any concomitant heart damage. NSE and S100B levels were assayed simultaneously. These assays were assessed in serial plasma samples from 22 control patients with no AMI or stroke, 20 patients with AMI but no stroke, and 22 patients with an acute stroke but no AMI. Twenty-two out of the 22 control patients and 15 out of the 22 stroke patients were correctly classified, figures much better than those obtained with NSE or S100B, in the same study's population. H-FABP appears to be a valid serum biomarker for the early diagnosis of stroke. Further studies on large cohorts of patients are warranted.
Superior Jc-B-T Characteristics of 10-μm-Thick MgB2 Film for Tape Application (2016)

Superior Jc-B-T characteristics of 10-μm-thick MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films on copper plates were obtained. The Jc-B-T properties were measured at a temperature range from 5 to 20 K and at an external magnetic field range from 0 to 17 T. At B = 6 T, Jc were 54 200, 30 840, 9900, and 820 A/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at T = 5, 10, 15, and 20 K, respectively. The high Jc suggest that MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film is a promising candidate for next-generation superconducting tape conductors and coils.
Jetted drilling bit. Outil de forage a jet incline (1992)

An improved jet-assisted rotary drilling bit comprises a tool body intended to be put into rotation by a tool carrier, a cavity being placed within this body to receive through the tool carrier a fluid under pressure; a plurality of rotating bodies carried by the tool body and fitted with cutting teeth upon a cutting face, these teeth having a height H and the tool diameter being D; and flushing means adapted to deliver at least one jet of flushing fluid directed toward the cutting face. These flushing means comprise at least one first calibrated opening in the tool body, communicating with the cavity and opening onto a space formed between two adjacent rotating bodies. The calibrated opening is adapted to produce a fluid jet directed toward one of the two rotating bodies between which the first space is defined. The center of the jet at its exit from the opening is located at a distance d from the plane perpendicular to the axis of the tool passing through the top of the teeth considered from the side of the cutting face. The values of D, H, and d are such that d {ge} 1.8H and 0.125D{lt}d{lt}0.185D. The drill bit of the invention can be used at the lower end of a drill string, and is simple and robust in design, while having enhanced performance relative to other bits of the same type. 11 figs.
ET-Net: A Generic Edge-aTtention Guidance Network for Medical Image Segmentation (2019)

Segmentation is a fundamental task in medical image analysis. However, most existing methods focus on primary region extraction and ignore edge information, which is useful for obtaining accurate segmentation. In this paper, we propose a generic medical segmentation method, called Edge-aTtention guidance Network (ET-Net), which embeds edge-attention representations to guide the segmentation network. Specifically, an edge guidance module is utilized to learn the edge-attention representations in the early encoding layers, which are then transferred to the multi-scale decoding layers, fused using a weighted aggregation module. The experimental results on four segmentation tasks (i.e., optic disc/cup and vessel segmentation in retinal images, and lung segmentation in chest X-Ray and CT images) demonstrate that preserving edge-attention representations contributes to the final segmentation accuracy, and our proposed method outperforms current state-of-the-art segmentation methods. The source code of our method is available at https://github.com/ZzzJzzZ/ETNet.
Energy-scavenging amplifiers for miniature solid-state lasers* (2004)

Longitudinally pumped miniature lasers are inefficient, partly because of inefficient absorption of the pump light. By scavenging the unabsorbed pump light to pump an in-line amplifier, the efficiency of the system can be greatly enhanced.
Numerical and experimental calibration of calorimetric sample cell dedicated to nuclear heating measurements (2011)

Online nuclear measurements inside experimental channels of MTRs are needed for experimental works (to design set-ups) and for numerical works (input data) in order to better understanding complex phenomena occurring during the accelerated ageing of materials and the irradiation of nuclear fuel. In this paper we focus only on one kind of measurements: nuclear heating performed by means of a radiometric calorimeter. The aims of numerical and experimental works are firstly to optimize the sensor response for new energy deposit ranges and then to miniaturize this sensor for JHR irradiation conditions A first calorimeter, developed previously by the CEA, is studied. It corresponds to a graphite differential calorimeter divided into two twin cells (a reference cell, and a sample one). It is used with a non adiabatic mode or heat flow mode. Experimental calibration of the sample cell is presented. In that case, energy deposit is simulated by Joule effect and the sample cell is inserted into a bath at a regulated temperature and controlled flow. The response of the sensor is shown versus electrical power imposed for two flow regimes (intensive or moderated forced convection). These experimental results are compared to numerical works and improvements are discussed.
LaBr/sub 3/:Ce scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy (2003)

In this paper, we report on a relatively new scintillator - LaBr/sub 3/:Ce for gamma-ray spectroscopy. Crystals of this scintillator have been grown using Bridgman process. This material when doped with cerium has high light output (/spl sim/60000 photons/MeV) and fast principal decay constant (/spl les/25 ns). Furthermore, it shows excellent energy resolution for /spl gamma/-ray detection. Energy resolution of 3.2% (FWHM) has been achieved for 662 keV photons (/sup 137/Cs source) at room temperature. High timing resolution (260 ps FWHM) has been recorded with LaBr/sub 3/:Ce-PMT and BaF/sub 2/-PMT detectors operating in coincidence mode using 511-keV positron annihilation /spl gamma/-ray pairs. Details of its scintillation properties, and variation of these properties with changing cerium concentration are reported. Potential applications of this material are also addressed.
High-power printed circuit traveling wave tubes (1973)

The printed circuit TWT is a low cost microwave amplifier specifically designed for applications such as phased-array radars where large numbers of tubes are required. The original successful printed circuit TWT provided 20 watts of power at L-band, and used a single printed meanderline for its microwave interaction circuit. For higher power and higher frequency operation, multiple circuits must be used. A study of the various modes that can exist on a multiple circuit slow-wave structure led to the successful construction of a 1.5 kw peak power printed circuit TWT at S-band. The mode study, the high power S-band tube, and a 100 watt peak power X-band multiple circuit tube will be discussed in the paper.
Discrimination between Enantiomers of Structurally Related Molecules:  Separation of Benzodiazepines by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (1999)

Molecular imprinting has been used to create synthetic receptor sites for a series of chiral benzodiazepines. A detailed HPLC analysis of binding properties using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as the stationary phase showed that binding, as measured by chromatographic retention, shows significant dependence on the chiral match or mismatch. In addition, the shape and spatial orientation of functionality of the imprinted binding site is also critical for recognition. Imprinted polymers, therefore, are not only able to discriminate between enantiomers of the imprinted molecule, they also demonstrate an ability to discriminate between a wide range of enantiomers of structurally related molecules that have not been imprinted. The ability of MIPs to discriminate between enantiomers of molecules in favor of the imprinted absolute configuration, even as the structural homology between the enantiomers and the original template decreases, indicates that the synthetic benzodiazepine receptors may serve as crude mimics of the natural receptor.
A fast multiplierless block transform for image and video compression (2003)

In this paper, we present a family of fast biorthogonal block transforms called binDCT that can be implemented using only shift and add operations. All transforms are based on a VLSI-friendly lattice structure which robustly enforces both linear phase and perfect reconstruction properties. The lattice coefficients are parameterized as a series of dyadic lifting steps, providing fast, efficient in-place computation of the transform coefficients as well as the ability to map integers to integers. The new 8/spl times/8 transforms approximate closely the popular 8/spl times/8 DCT, attaining coding gains from 8.77 to 8.82 dB, despite requiring a modest amount of computations: as low as 14 shifts and 31 additions per 8 input samples. Application of the novel transforms in both lossy and lossless image coding yields very competitive results compared to the performance of the original heating-point DCT.
Systems prediction of chronic lung allograft dysfunction: Results and perspectives from the Cohort of Lung Transplantation and Systems prediction of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction cohorts (2023)

Systems prediction of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction generated multiple fingerprints that enabled the development of predictors of CLAD. These results open the way to the integration of these fingerprints into a predictive handprint.
Regulation of endothelial MAPK/ERK signalling and capillary morphogenesis by low-amplitude electric field (2012)

Low-amplitude electric field (EF) is an important component of wound-healing response and can promote vascular tissue repair; however, the mechanisms of action on endothelium remain unclear. We hypothesized that physiological amplitude EF regulates angiogenic response of microvascular endothelial cells via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. A custom set-up allowed non-thermal application of EF of high (7.5 GHz) and low (60 Hz) frequency. Cell responses following up to 24 h of EF exposure, including proliferation and apoptosis, capillary morphogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and MAPK pathways activation were quantified. A db/db mouse model of diabetic wound healing was used for in vivo validation. High-frequency EF enhanced capillary morphogenesis, VEGF release, MEK-cRaf complex formation, MEK and ERK phosphorylation, whereas no MAPK/JNK and MAPK/p38 pathways activation was observed. The endothelial response to EF did not require VEGF binding to VEGFR2 receptor. EF-induced MEK phosphorylation was reversed in the presence of MEK and Ca(2+) inhibitors, reduced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition, and did not depend on PI3K pathway activation. The results provide evidence for a novel intracellular mechanism for EF regulation of endothelial angiogenic response via frequency-sensitive MAPK/ERK pathway activation, with important implications for EF-based therapies for vascular tissue regeneration.
Photonic microharp chemical sensors (2008)

We describe a new class of micro-opto-mechanical chemical sensors: A photonic microharp chemical sensor is an array of closely spaced microbridges, each differing slightly in length and coated with a different sorbent polymer. They are optically interrogated using microcavity interferometry and photothermal actuation, and are coupled directly to an optical fiber. Simultaneous measurements of the fundamental flexural resonant frequency of each microbridge allow the real-time detection and discrimination of a variety of vapor-phase analytes, including DMMP at concentrations as low as 17 ppb.
Dynamic quantitative nonenhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the abdominal aorta and lower extremities using cine fast interrupted steady-state in combination with arterial spin labeling: a feasibility study (2019)

This feasibility study suggests that cine fast interrupted steady-state in combination with arterial spin labeling provides an efficient, high quality and physiologically accurate display of in-plane flow patterns over extensive lengths of the lower extremity peripheral arteries, which can be difficult to achieve using other MRA techniques.
Comparison of Near-IR, Raman, and Mid-IR Spectroscopies for the Determination of BTEX in Petroleum Fuels (1997)

We report for the first time a direct comparison of the three most common vibrational analysis techniques for the determination of individual BTEX components (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, and para-xylene) in blended commercial gasolines. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression models were constructed for each BTEX component by using each of the three spectroscopic techniques. A minimum of 120 types of blended gasolines were used in the training set for each BTEX component. Leave-one-out validation of the training sets yields lower standard errors for Raman and mid-IR spectroscopies when compared to near-IR for all six BTEX components. In general, mid-IR has slightly lower standard errors than Raman. These trends are upheld when the models are tested by using independent test sets with a minimum of 40 types of blended gasolines (all of which differ in composition from the training set).
Robust algorithms for Txx network analyzer self-calibration procedures (1994)

A closed-form theory for performing a network analyzer calibration using different Txx procedures is presented. This theory makes it possible to describe all known self-calibration procedures with the same algorithm. The improved properties of this general TAN method in contrast to the conventional TAN procedure are shown by numerical and experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancing immunogenicity of recombinant protein vaccines in mice with vaccine self-assembling immune matrix, a non-viral delivery platform (VAC8P.1059) (2015)

Abstract Vaccination remains the most effective public health tool to prevent infectious disease. Many vaccines are marginally effective in general, or are less efficacious when used in immune-compromised populations. To enhance vaccine immunogenicity, we exploited the biphasic property of the (RADA)4 synthetic oligopeptide to create a new vaccine delivery method, VacSIM (vaccine self-assembling immune matrix). Vaccine components are mixed with the VacSIM solution for injection, after which the (RADA)4 peptides self-assemble into hydrated nanofiber gel-matrices, forming a vaccine depot with the vaccine antigens in the aqueous phase, allowing for slow-release of vaccine components over time. Thus, we have a non-viral, inert, biodegradable delivery system, not requiring formulation that can deliver a multitude of vaccines. We hypothesize that slow-release of vaccine components provides antigen persistence, driving enhanced vaccine-specific responses that are improved in both quantity and quality of the response. We have tested VacSIM with live bacterial vectors, inactivated virus and multiple recombinant protein vaccines. Shown here, VacSIM improves vaccine responses to protein immunogens in 2 strains of mice and remains stable after long-term storage. In addition, VacSIM by itself does not activate antigen presenting cells. Enhancement of vaccine responses by VacSIM administration could represent a fundamental paradigm shift in how vaccines are delivered.
Rapid genotyping of hepatitis C virus RNA‐isolates obtained from patients residing in Western Europe (1995)

Two rapid genotyping methods for hepatitis C virus (HCV), the line probe assay (Inno-LiPA) and the subtype-specific core amplification system [Okamoto et al., (1992b) Journal of General Virology 73:673-679], were applied to 58 HCV isolates which were typed as type 1 (n = 37) and type 2 (n = 21) by sequence analysis of the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). The line probe assay targets the 5'UTR and recognized 12 subtype 1a, 25 subtype 1b, 18 subtype 2a, 2 subtype 2b and 1 subtype 2d in accordance with sequence analysis of this region. Subtype-specific core amplification revealed 7 discrepancies among the 37 type 1 isolates when compared to LiPA. A different subtype was observed in 3 isolates (1a versus 1b), 2 isolates remained untyped and 2 isolates showed a coinfection of subtype 1a and 1b. The first 5 discrepancies were confirmed by sequence analysis of the core region whereas the coinfection could not be confirmed. Of the 21 type 2 isolates only one could be typed by subtype-specific core amplification. HCV RNA was detected in all 21 cases after the general first round of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Direct sequencing of the core region indicated sequence variation as a source of failure. It is concluded that LiPA results are conclusive for typing of HCV. However, LiPA is hampered occasionally for subtyping by lack of subtype-specific sequence variation in 5'UTR. Subtyping results by subtype-specific core amplification were accurate. However, it seems that this assay is not suitable for the identification of genotype 2 isolates that circulate in patients living in Western Europe.
Idle speed control of a direct injection spark ignition stratified charge engine (2001)

Abstract Idle speed control is investigated for a direct injection, spark ignition, stratified charge (DISC) engine equipped with an electronic throttle. Such engines can be operated in multiple combustion modes. When operating in stratified charge combustion mode, they are very different from conventional stoichiometric engines, creating new opportunities for improved speed control. With current after‐treatment technology, simultaneous high fuel economy and emissions conversion efficiency cannot be achieved by operating the engine in a steady‐state manner: it must be cycled between running ultra‐lean (for fuel economy) and rich (to service the after‐treatment system). An idle speed control system is designed to meet the considerable feedback control demands required by these new engines. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Twin FBG Probe and Integration With a Microhole-Measuring Machine for the Measurement of Microholes of High Aspect Ratios (2016)

To enhance the precision manufacture of the microholes of high aspect ratios, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) probe with a twin fiber structure based on capillary-driven self-assembly fabrication method is developed for a micro-hole-measuring machine to do the high-precision measurement. The sensing principle of the twin FBG probe is investigated through analyzing the strain distribution within the probe under an axial or radial contact displacement. Then, the design and fabrication method of the twin FBG probe is demonstrated. To improve the accuracy of the measurement, both data processing method and measuring method are proposed. A data processing method for acquiring the triggering position with the transformation of the signal domain and multiple fitting is implemented to raise the accuracy of the triggering position. And a method for measuring the diameter of a microhole with perpendicular bisector of the chords and dichotomization scanning is utilized to enhance the determination accuracy of the diameter. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the data processing method and measuring method are robust, and the accuracy of the measurement can be improved.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐Bicyclopiperazinyl‐1‐arylsulfonylindoles and 6‐Bicyclopiperidinyl‐1‐arylsulfonylindoles Derivatives as Novel, Potent, and Selective 5‐HT<sub>6</sub> Receptor Antagonists. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rejection of two-photon fluorescence background in thick tissue by differential aberration imaging (2006)

We present a simple and robust way to reject out-of-focus background when performing deep two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) imaging in thick tissue. The technique is based on the use of a deformable mirror (DM) to introduce illumination aberrations that preferentially degrade TPEF signal while leaving TPEF background relatively unchanged. A subtraction of aberrated from unaberrated images leads to background rejection. We present a heuristic description of our technique, which we corroborate with experiment. An added benefit of our technique is that it leads to somewhat improved image resolution.
Volume-phase transitions of ionized <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide gels (1987)

Equilibrium swelling curves of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) gel and a series of its ionized counterparts were measured as a function of temperature. Nonionic NIPA gels underwent a sharp yet continuous volume change, whereas incorporation of a small amount of ionizable groups into the gel network drives the transition toward a discontinuous one. The critical ionic concentration and polymer network density at which the get undergoes a critical phase transition were determined. The results were analyzed using a mean field theory. Discrepancy between experimental data and theory is nontrivial, and may require the formulation of a more elaborate theory.