gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PKW-ABV-BREMSSYSTEME MIT WEITEREN INTEGRIERTEN FUNKTIONEN (1989)

Beschrieben werden Konzept und Vorteile der modular aufgebauten Teves ABSMK II und MK IV-Bremsanlagen und darauf aufbauender Systeme fuer Antriebsschlupfregelung, Brems- und Feder/Daempfer-Verbundregelung, Hinterachs-Hoehenverstellung und Parklenkhilfe. Das elektronisch/hydraulische ABV-Regelungskonzept ermoeglicht einerseits eine leichte Anpassung an unterschiedliche Fahrzeugtypen und -einbauverhaeltnisse, andererseits wird die Integration zusaetzlicher Funktionen erleichtert. Fuer die Antriebsschlupfregelung und ABV plus Feder/Daempfer-Verbundregelung wird dargelegt, welche funktionellen und Kostenvorteile aus einem systemuebergreifenden Informationsaustausch sowie der Mehrfachnutzung von Sensoren, Logikbloecken und Servoenergiequelle erwachsen. Die Kapazitaet des Hydroenergiemoduls eines Teves ABS MK II reicht darueber hinaus zur Abdeckung des Energiebedarfs einer Hinterachs-Hoehenverstellung und einer Parklenkhilfe. (Titel in Englisch: car ABV braking systems with other functions; Titel in Franzoesisch: systemes de freinage ABV pour voitures de tourisme s'assortissant d'autres fonctions integrees).
A novel method for converting the N-point complex sequence of frequency-domain to 2N-point real sequence of time-domain with N-point IFFT computation (2011)

In OFDM/DMT systems, the spectrum of N-point baseband signal contains a total of 2N frequency points ranging from -F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> to F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> . Owing to the periodic continuation of FFT, the range of frequencies from -F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> to 0 and from F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> to 2F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> are equivalent, and 2N-point IFFT computation is essential for getting time-domain real sequence signal. In this paper, we present a novel method achieving the same effect which only needs N-point IFFT computation based on the theory of DFT/IDFT. Compared to the traditional method in need of 2N point IFFT computation, our approach significantly reduces power consumption and silicon area requirement, which has considerable practical significance.
Constrained state estimation using the Unscented Kalman Filter (2008)

A simple procedure to include state inequality constraints in the unscented Kalman filter is proposed. With this procedure, the information of active state constraints influences the state covariance matrix, resulting in better estimates. In a numerical example, the approach outperforms the extended Kalman filter implemented with constraint handling via ldquoclippingrdquo.
Non-Negative Semi-Supervised Learning (2009)

The contributions of this paper are three-fold. First, we present a general formulation for reaping the benefits from both non-negative data factorization and semi-supervised learning, and the solution naturally possesses the characteristics of sparsity, robustness to partial occlusions, and greater discriminating power via extra unlabeled data. Then, an efficient multiplicative updating procedure is proposed along with its theoretic justification of the algorithmic convergency. Finally, the tensorization of this general formulation for non-negative semi-supervised learning is also briefed for handling tensor data of arbitrary order. Extensive experiments compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms for non-negative data factorization and semi-supervised learning demonstrate the algorithmic properties in sparsity, classification power, and robustness to image occlusions. 1
Image based rendering technique via sparse representation in shearlet domain (2015)

In this paper we propose a method for reconstructing a densely sampled light field from a given sparse set of perspective views from rectified cameras without an explicit estimation of the scene depth. The desired intermediate views are synthesized by inpainting of epipolar-plane images, utilizing their sparsity in the shearlet domain. For the purpose of shearlet-domain representation, compactly supported shearlets have been constructed using different directional filters for different scales in an attempt to provide better directional selectivity at lower scales. The reconstruction procedure with shearlet-domain sparsity condition is implemented through an iterative thresholding algorithm. The performance of the method is quantified by tests on synthetic and real visual data and compared favorably against depth-image based rendering.
Channel gain prediction for wireless links with Kalman filters and expectation-maximization (2016)

In non-reciprocal wireless channels, the performance of link adaptation heavily deteriorates with outdated measurement reports. To provide an effective solution to this problem, we construct an accurate channel gain predictor by combining the Kalman Filter (KF) with Expectation-Maximization (EM). This joint design minimizes the mismatch between the autoregressive model of the KF and the true channel gain. After deriving the filter parameters in closed form, we compare the accuracy of our solution to two relevant alternatives in a 3GPP-compliant scenario. Impressive gains at low computational complexity make our solution a promising candidate to improve the next generation of link adaptation functions.
Single-frequency, injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:YAG ceramic laser pumped by a 191μm fiber-coupled LD (2016)

A 2090 nm injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:YAG ceramic laser pumped by a 1.91 μm fiber-coupled LD is demonstrated in this paper. Single-frequency operation of Q-switched Ho:YAG ceramic laser is achieved by injection seeding technique. The maximum output energy of the single-frequency Q-switched Ho:YAG ceramic laser is 14.76 mJ, with a pulse width of 121.6 ns and a repetition rate of 200 Hz. The half-width of the pulse spectrum measured by heterodyne technique is 3.84 MHz. The fluctuation of the center frequency of the pulsed laser is 1.49 MHz (RMS) in 1 hour. As far as we know, this is the first time to report a single-frequency, injection-seeded Ho:YAG ceramic pulsed laser.
PowerPC system architecture (1995)

From the Publisher:
PowerPC System Architecture describes the hardware architecture of PowerPC systems, providing a clear, concise explanation of the PowerPC specification, the template upon which all PowerPC processors are designed. The author provides a complete description of the specification for both the 32- and 64-bit implementations, including: 
supervisor privilege level facilities logical memory addresses I/O and memory-mapped I/O address translation for segments, pages, and blocks virtual paging interrupts 

The second half of the book examines the PowerPC 601 processor as an example, exploring how the processor fits, adheres to, and deviates from the PowerPC processor specification. In addition, a detailed discussion of the bus structure and transaction protocol used by the 60x processors is provided. 
If you design or test hardware or software that involves PowerPC systems, PowerPC System Architecture is an essential, time-saving tool.
GaN as a displacement technology for silicon in power management (2011)

For the past three decades, power management efficiency and cost have shown steady improvement as innovations in power MOSFET structures, technology, and circuit topologies have paced the growing need for electrical power in our daily lives. In the last few years, however, the rate of improvement has slowed as the silicon power MOSFET has asymptotically approached its theoretical bounds. We address the new game-changing power management products, available today and planned for the near future, that are built on Gallium Nitride grown on top of a silicon substrate. Enhancement mode devices (eGaN <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> FETs) are demonstrated in DC-DC conversion applications. Roadmaps for improved device performance and for system-on-chip integration will also be discussed. Performance is only one dimension of the equation leading to the conclusion that eGaN technology is a game changer. The other dimensions are product reliability, ease of use, and cost. These topics will also be discussed showing that the capability to displace silicon across a significant portion of the power management market is now in hand.
Methods of Devulcanization (1994)

Abstract The literature contains the record of numerous methods which have been used to reverse the vulcanization process. Indeed, many of these methods have long been used, especially for purposes of analysis and/or studying mechanisms of vulcanization, so that they are commonplace in most large laboratories. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on an eclectic basis. The opportunity exists to take a fresh look at some of these techniques with a view to consider up-scaling for recovery of rubber and other ingredients for eventual commercialization. The processes would have to be studied from the standpoint of fine-tuning reactants, solvating media, conditions of minimal degradation, keeping toxic exposure to safe levels, economics, etc. The possibility also exists of combining some of these techniques with others, such as those presented at a recent symposium, which have been developed to a more advanced stage of engineering. Included in a list of the chemical probes which will be discussed and/or referenced are propanethiol, hexanethiol, sodium di- n -butyl phosphite, triphenylphosphine, lithium aluminum hydride, methyl iodide and phenyl lithium. Related methods which have been mentioned include microbial action, grafting reactions, catalysis, microwaves, sonics and solution by o-dichlorobenzene.
Simple Microplate Method for Determination of Urinary Iodine (2000)

Our new method, incorporating the whole process into a microplate format, is readily applicable and allows rapid monitoring of urinary iodine.
Free Radical Enhancer Xenobiotic is an Inducer of Cataract in Rabbit (1991)

Free radical enhancers, diquat, paraquat, plumbagin and juglone were used to study the oxy radical-induced damage to the rabbit lens in vitro and in vivo. Each compound caused a 6-8 fold increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a 30-55% decrease in reduced glutathione of the lens in vitro. These peroxidative and oxidative changes were potentiated in the presence of 100% O2, abolished by N2 and prevented by desferal-Mn (III) (DF-Mn) or liposomal superoxide dismutase (LSOD) indicating the involvement of O2-. Diquat injected intravitreally as a single dose (300 nmole in 30 microliters of isotonic saline) in the right eye of a 5-wk-old Dutch belted rabbit, induced early cataract after 24-72 h. The lens of the contralateral control eye injected with isotonic saline had no change. In the right eye, O2-. and OH. productions were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher; O2-. was about 16 fold higher in the aqueous humor and vitreous humor, and 5 fold in the lens and retina, and OH. was 35 fold higher in the aqueous humor, 2 fold in vitreous humor and 5 fold in the lens and retina as compared to the respective tissues of the control eye. Enhanced lipid peroxidation in the lens was apparent from the higher levels of MDA and formation of aminophospholipid.MDA Schiff-base conjugates. We propose that cyclic oxidation-reduction of xenobiotics coupled to the endogenous redox systems in the eye, could generate oxy radicals in excessive amounts, triggering cataractogenesis.
Engineering a Bacterial Tape Recorder (2015)

A method has been developed to produce and integrate single-stranded DNA into genomic locations in bacteria in response to exogenous signals. The system functions similarly to a cellular tape recorder by writing information into DNA and reading it at a later time. Much like other cellular memory platforms, its operation is based on DNA recombinase function. However, the scalability and recording capacity have been improved over previous designs. In addition, memory storage was reversible and could be recorded in response to analogue inputs, such as light exposure. This modular memory writing system is an important addition to the genomic editing toolbox available for synthetic biology.
On Control Plane for Service Provisioning in Light-trail WDM Optical Ring Networks (2007)

A light-trail is a generalized lightpath that enables multiple nodes to statistically share an optical communication path (wavelength bus). A light-trail is different from a lightpath on account of its unique node architecture - that enables formation of unidirectional wavelength buses. A node in a light-trail supports signal flow characteristics of drop-and-continue as well as passive addition leading to formation of the bus. Apart from the node architecture, another differentiation between light-trails and lightpaths is in the use of out-of-band control channel (optical supervisory channel - OSC) for dynamic communication. The combined effect of a unique node architecture and out-of-band control channel enables light-trails to provide capability of sub-wavelength grooming, dynamic provisioning and optical multicasting. These features offered by light-trails are critical for next generation emerging applications such as VoIP, video-on-demand (VoD), triple-play and pseudo-wire edge-to-edge emulation (PWE3). Current OSC based control channel requires engineering enhancement to provision dynamic and bandwidth efficient services over light-trails. We investigate into the control channel hierarchies in light-trail networks to provision these emerging services. Centralized, distributed, static and dynamic control mechanisms are proposed. Light-trail control for provisioning next generation services is considered through theory and simulation.
High-throughput single-molecule telomere characterization (2017)

We have developed a novel method that enables global subtelomere and haplotype-resolved analysis of telomere lengths at the single-molecule level. An in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-directed nickase system directs the specific labeling of human (TTAGGG)n DNA tracts in genomes that have also been barcoded using a separate nickase enzyme that recognizes a 7-bp motif genome-wide. High-throughput imaging and analysis of large DNA single molecules from genomes labeled in this fashion using a nanochannel array system permits mapping through subtelomere repeat element (SRE) regions to unique chromosomal DNA while simultaneously measuring the (TTAGGG)n tract length at the end of each large telomere-terminal DNA segment. The methodology also permits subtelomere and haplotype-resolved analyses of SRE organization and variation, providing a window into the population dynamics and potential functions of these complex and structurally variant telomere-adjacent DNA regions. At its current stage of development, the assay can be used to identify and characterize telomere length distributions of 30-35 discrete telomeres simultaneously and accurately. The assay's utility is demonstrated using early versus late passage and senescent human diploid fibroblasts, documenting the anticipated telomere attrition on a global telomere-by-telomere basis as well as identifying subtelomere-specific biases for critically short telomeres. Similarly, we present the first global single-telomere-resolved analyses of two cancer cell lines.
Mechanistic Aspects of Polymeric Relative Permeability Modifier Adsorption onto Carbonate Rocks (2020)

Relative permeability modifiers (RPMs) are chemicals that can be injected into a reservoir to change its fluid/gas transport characteristics. For example, RPMs can reduce the relative permeability to water in a subterranean reservoir while having minimal impact on hydrocarbon production. Most commercially available RPMs are specifically designed for silica surfaces which are dominant in sandstone reservoirs. However, the concentration of silica in carbonate rocks is very low and many of these RPMs are unsuitable for carbonate reservoirs (which hold a significant portion of the remaining 60% hydrocarbon reserves). Furthermore, carbonate reservoirs tend to have more complex permeability and porosity characteristics and as such few research publications report the utilization of RPMs in the reservoirs of this type. The main mechanism of RPMs is either chemical adsorption onto, or functionalization of, a rock surface. However, as carbonates have distinctly different chemistry compared to silica, a new RPM formulation is required. The approach reported here overcomes this obstacle by using sodium silicate to functionalize the carbonate rock surface thereby converting it into a surface that in many ways exhibits the chemistry of silica. This has been confirmed by sodium silicate adsorption tests and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis. The other components consist of an amine-containing silylation reagent which reacts with the newly formed silicate surface, a polymer containing amine functional groups, and a linker molecule that reacts with the amines on the silane immobilizing the polymer. The chemistry is confirmed using five different chemical solutions to investigate their adsorption onto carbonate rocks using static tests. The results show that carbonate particles treated by the RPM have the highest adsorption weight, 7.33 mg/g and according to the measurements of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the atomic percentage of Si 2p and N1s is 9.89% and 7.51% respectively, indicating the adsorption of RPM onto carbonate particles. To further verify the performance of RPM under reservoir conditions (1500 psi and 60 °C), three core flooding tests have been conducted. The results show that relative permeability to water decreased much more than oil. RRF to water in sample indinana-2 can reach up to 5.21, but RRF to oil is less than 2. The disproportionate ratio (RRFbrine/RRFoil) is 3.1, indicating the good performance of RPM under reservoir conditions. This work first introduced sodium silicate and APTES to make polyacrylamides as a new RPM material strongly stabilized onto carbonate rock surfaces, which provided further insights into the effectiveness of this approach applied in carbonate reservoirs.
Systematic literature review on the conceptualisation of autonomy in the nursing home (2020)

Background: The basic psychological need of autonomy that was identified by the Self-Determination-Theory (SDT) as essential for wellbeing can be often hard to adopt for elderly residents in the environment of nursing homes. This review study constructs the concept of autonomy from the perspective of elderly nursing home residents to gain an understanding of what specifically characterises their autonomy-needs.
Methods: A systematic literature review was used to qualitatively synthesise all study records found that provide self-reports of residents on autonomy (n = 15). Relevant themes as described by nursing home residents were identified and compared to the components of autonomy as defined within the SDT to evaluate whether the theory matches the needs of nursing home residents.
Results and Conclusion: Five themes as part of the conceptualisation of autonomy by nursing home residents were identified: Choice and control, Independence, Freedom and resources, Being seen and heard and Chosen dependence and competence. These compare to the definition of autonomy within the SDT, which is taking variations in needs into consideration that match the perspectives of nursing home residents. The SDT definition of autonomy was specified here to set a basis for wellbeing interventions in nursing homes to increase resident autonomy.
Experimental study of three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer with a favorable pressure gradient (2002)

Experimental study of three -dimensional turbulent boundary layer with a favorable pressure gradient ○
High voltage silicon VMJ solar cells for up to 1000 suns intensities (2003)

High voltage silicon vertical multi-junction (VMJ) solar cells are ideally suited for providing efficient operation at solar intensities exceeding 1000 suns AM1.5. This paper discusses the unique features and advantages of the VMJ cell. The authors believe the high output power performance capability and manufacturing simplicity of VMJ cells will enable more cost-effective photovoltaic concentrator system designs. Preliminary test data is shown for a 0.78 cm/sup 2/ VMJ cell with 40 series connected junctions producing 31.8 watts at 25.5 volts at near 2500 suns AM1.5 intensity (40.4 watts per cm/sup 2/ output at 211 watts per cm/sup 2/ input with an estimated efficiency near 20%).
Impact of Polymers on the Crystallization and Phase Transition Kinetics of Amorphous Nifedipine during Dissolution in Aqueous Media (2014)

The commercial and clinical success of amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) in overcoming the low bioavailability of poorly soluble molecules has generated momentum among pharmaceutical scientists to advance the fundamental understanding of these complex systems. A major limitation of these formulations stems from the propensity of amorphous solids to crystallize upon exposure to aqueous media. This study was specifically focused on developing analytical techniques to evaluate the impact of polymers on the crystallization behavior during dissolution, which is critical in designing effective amorphous formulations. In the study, the crystallization and polymorphic conversions of a model compound, nifedipine, were explored in the absence and presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), and HPMC-acetate succinate (HPMC-AS). A combination of analytical approaches including Raman spectroscopy, polarized light microscopy, and chemometric techniques such as multivariate curve resolution (MCR) were used to evaluate the kinetics of crystallization and polymorphic transitions as well as to identify the primary route of crystallization, i.e., whether crystallization took place in the dissolving solid matrix or from the supersaturated solutions generated during dissolution. Pure amorphous nifedipine, when exposed to aqueous media, was found to crystallize rapidly from the amorphous matrix, even when polymers were present in the dissolution medium. Matrix crystallization was avoided when amorphous solid dispersions were prepared, however, crystallization from the solution phase was rapid. MCR was found to be an excellent data processing technique to deconvolute the complex phase transition behavior of nifedipine.
Novel absorber materials for EUV lithography mask (2009)

One of main issues of EUV lithography is to reduce so-called shadowing effect attributed to oblique incidence of EUV light on a mask. In order to mitigate shadowing, a thinner absorber layer thickness for EUV mask is preferred. In order to realize EUV masks with thinner absorber stack, we introduced SnO film as a high absorptive material for EUV light. Thorough actual measurement of EUV reflectance and subsequent data fitting to theoretical curve, we confirmed that SnO has large k (extinction coefficient) value. As a result, SnO absorber can do with about a half thickness compared to Ta-based absorber having the same OD value. Using SnO film, we designed a binary mask consisting of SnO/CrN-buffer pattern and an att.PSM consisting of SnO/Ru-shifter pattern. SnO has also considerable transparency in the range of DUV wavelength for use of defect inspection. We confirmed both binary mask and att.PSM have low reflectance in the range of DUV wavelength even without top AR coating. The att.PSM can realize appropriate reflectance (nearby 6%) at a phase shift of 180 deg with the total patterned (SnO/Ru) thickness of below 41 nm even with 6 nm thick SiN top coating. Furthermore, we evaluated dry etched cross sectional profile of the binary mask and the att.PSM. The initial etch profiles look encouraging.