gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Illumination from Visual Display Units and Fluorescent Lighting Affects Movements of the Eyes Across Text (1986)

The size of eye movements across text was measured under conditions in which the text was illuminated by fluorescent light or was displayed on the screen of a cathode-ray tube. Under these conditions of intermittent illumination the high-velocity saccadic eye movements were enlarged. The extent to which they were enlarged depended on the frequency of intermittency, but was generally equivalent to the width of one letter. This disturbance of ocular motor control by intermittent illumination might help to explain why reading is generally slower on computer display terminals than with printed text.
Significado del cuidado de enfermería para la mujer hospitalizada con complicaciones obstétricas del Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo, 2015 (2017)

Introducción: La salud materna prioridad en la salud mundial, busca reducir los altos índices de morbi-mortalidad en la etapa perinatal de la mujer. A pesar de los logros alcanzados en su reducción, es necesario seguir trabajando en la mejora del cuidado en los servicios de salud. Objetivos: Describir y analizar el significado del cuidado de enfermería para la mujer hospitalizada con complicaciones obstétricas. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa descriptiva-exploratoria, se aplicó entrevistas a profundidad, referencial teórico de Jean Watson y Kristen Swanson. Participaron nueve mujeres con complicaciones obstétricas hospitalizadas, muestreo por saturación de testimonio. Se codificó y categorizó. Resultados: La categoría central “significado del cuidado de enfermería para la mujer hospitalizada con complicaciones obstétricas” fue definida a partir de tres categorías y cinco subcategorías: 1) Asistencia procedimental: 2) Posibilitando el autocuidado: a) Educación e b) Información y reporte, y 3) Actitudes del cuidado: a) Ayuda y aliento, b) Generación de confianza y c) Compañía y dedicación. Conclusiones: El significado que las mujeres dan al cuidado de enfermería, prioriza las acciones procedimentales y la educación; si bien emerge la parte relacional como una categoría, esta no siempre es positiva.
Changes in Protein Dynamics of the DNA Repair Dioxygenase AlkB upon Binding of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and 2-Oxoglutarate (2012)

The Escherichia coli DNA repair enzyme AlkB is a 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent Fe(2+) binding dioxygenase that removes methyl lesions from DNA and RNA. To date, nine human AlkB homologues are known: ABH1 to ABH8 and the obesity-related FTO. Similar to AlkB, these homologues exert their activity on nucleic acids, although for some homologues the biological substrate remains to be identified. 2OG dioxygenases require binding of the cofactors Fe(2+) and 2OG in the active site to form a catalytically competent complex. We present a structural analysis of AlkB using NMR, fluorescence, and CD spectroscopy to show that AlkB is a dynamic protein exhibiting different folding states. In the absence of the cofactors Fe(2+) and 2OG, apoAlkB is a highly dynamic protein. Binding of either Fe(2+) or 2OG alone does not significantly affect the protein dynamics. Formation of a fully folded and catalytically competent holoAlkB complex only occurs when both 2OG and Fe(2+) are bound. These findings provide the first insights into protein folding of 2OG-dependent dioxygenases. A role for protein dynamics in the incorporation of the metal cofactor is discussed.
<title>National Ignition Facility front-end laser system</title> (1995)

The proposed National Ignition Facility is a 192 beam Nd:glass laser system capable of driving targets to fusion ignition by the year 2005. A key factor in the flexibility and performance of the laser is a front-end system which provides a precisely formatted beam to each beamline. Each of the injected beams has individually controlled energy, temporal pulseshape, and spatial shape to accommodate beamline-to-beamline variations in gain and saturation. This flexibility also gives target designers the options for precisely controlling the drive to different areas of the target. The design of the front-end laser is described, and initial results are discussed.
IFN-γ Primes Macrophage Responses to Bacterial DNA (1998)

Macrophages recognize and are activated by unmethylated CpG motifs in bacterial DNA. Here we demonstrate that production of nitric oxide (NO) from murine RAW 264 macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) in response to bacterial DNA is absolutely dependent on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) priming. Similarly, arginine uptake and expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in response to bacterial DNA in BMM occurred only after IFN-gamma priming. In contrast, mRNA for the cationic amino acid transporter, CAT2, was induced by plasmid DNA alone, and priming with IFN-gamma had no effect on this response. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release from RAW 264 and BMM in response to bacterial DNA was augmented by IFN-gamma pretreatment. In a stably transfected HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) luciferase RAW 264 cell line, IFN-gamma and bacterial DNA synergized in activation of the HIV-1 LTR. Bacterial DNA has been shown to induce IFN-gamma production in vivo as an indirect consequence of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and TNF-alpha production from macrophages. The results herein suggest the existence of a self-amplifying loop that may have implications for therapeutic applications of bacterial DNA.
Optimizing quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2017)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating, progressive and ultimately fatal lung disease. The combination of poor prognosis, uncertainty of disease course and severe symptom burden heavily impacts patients' and their families' quality of life. Though new antifibrotic drugs have been shown to decrease disease progression, the effect on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has not been convincingly demonstrated. In a relentless disease such as IPF, striving to optimize HRQOL should complement the endeavour to prolong life. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of interventions improving symptoms and functionality for patients with IPF, and research focusing on symptom improvement, and assessing and optimizing HRQOL, is limited. This review summarizes the most recent insights into measuring and improving quality of life for patients with IPF, and discusses challenges in the management of this devastating disease. Moreover, we postulate a new model for continuous care in IPF - 'the ABCDE of IPF care': Assessing patients' needs; Backing patients by giving information and support; delivering Comfort care by focusing on treating symptoms and taking into account Comorbidities; striving to prolong life by Disease modification; helping and preparing patients and their caregivers for the eventual End-of-life events that are likely to occur.
Metabolism of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in rats and mice (1988)

1. Oral doses of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (DCB) were excreted by rats as DCB, two monohydroxy-DCBs, 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-6-(methylthio)benzamide and 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-6-[S-(N-acetyl)cysteinyl]benzamide (mercapturic acid). 2. Biliary excretion (33% of the dose), enterohepatic circulation and intestinal micro-floral metabolism were involved in formation of 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-6-(methylthio)benzamide, and the mercapturic acid served as a precursor. 3. Whole body autoradiography and microautoradiography showed the accumulation of non-extractable residues from DCB in the nasal mucosa and contents of the large intestines of rats and mice dosed with 14C-labelled DCB.
The Impact of Thread-Per-Core Architecture on Application Tail Latency (2019)

The response time of an online service depends on the tail latency of a few of the applications it invokes in parallel to satisfy the requests. The individual applications are composed of one or more threads to fully utilize the available CPU cores, but this approach can incur serious overheads. The thread-per-core architecture has emerged to reduce these overheads, but it also has its challenges from thread synchronization and OS interfaces. Applications can mitigate both issues with different techniques, but their impact on application tail latency is an open question. We measure the impact of thread-per-core architecture on application tail latency by implementing a key-value store that uses application-level partitioning, and inter-thread messaging and compare its tail latency to Memcached which uses a traditional key-value store design. We show in an experimental evaluation that our approach reduces tail latency by up to 71 % compared to baseline Memcached running on commodity hardware and Linux. However, we observe that the thread-per-core approach is held back by request steering and OS interfaces, and it could be further improved with NIC hardware offload.
Fat Intake Affects Adiposity, Comorbidity Factors, and Energy Metabolism of Sprague‐Dawley Rats (2002)

Our data support the hypothesis that administration of increasing amount of dietary fat to very young rats enhances susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and its comorbidities.
Gate Leakage in Non-Volatile Ferroelectric Transistors: Device-Circuit Implications (2018)

Ferroelectric FETs (FEFETs) offer intriguing possibilities for the design of steep switching and non-volatile (NV) transistors [1]. FEFETs may be realized either: (i) with an internal metal layer (w-IML) between ferroelectric (FE e.g. HZO) and dielectric (DE) or (ii) direct integration of FE on DE without the use of internal metal (w/o-IML). Each of these devices have their own issues [2], [3]. FEFETs w/o-IML may be affected by defects in HZO (resulting in trapping/de-trapping [2]), and non-uniform FE electric fields (due to the underlying FET), which may lead to performance degradation/variability [4]. On the other hand, in FEFETs w-IML, the IML is floating and the gate leakage (GL) can result in several issues. The effect of GL in the context of steep switching of FEFETs has been discussed in [3]. Similarly, there is a need to understand the impact of GL in NV FEFETs. In this paper, we analyze the implications of gate leakage in NV FEFETs w-IML and describe how distinguishability between the two NV states can be lost due to GL. We propose gate workfunction (GWF) engineering along with a modified read scheme for FEFET based memory to counter the effect of GL.
THE USE OF EXTRACTS FROM PASSIFLORA SPP. IN HELPING THE TREATMENT OF ACANTHAMOEBIASIS. (2017)

Chronic progressive diseases of the central nervous system such as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, amoebic keratitis, amoebic pneumonitis and also skin infections caused by free-living amoebae (Acanhamoeba spp.) are a significant challenge for pharmacotherapy. This is due to the lack of effective treatment because of encystation, which makes the amoebae highly resistant to anti-amoebic drugs. A very inter- esting and promising source of future drugs in this area are plant materials obtained not only from the habitat but also from plant in vitro culture as an alternative source of biomaterials. Alcoholic extracts from leaves of Passiflora incarnata, P. caerulea, P. alata (Passifloraceae) and from callus cultures were evaluated in vito for amoebicidal activity. Phytochemical analysis showed that all extracts contained phenolic compounds including flavonoids? Biological study revealed that all extracts showed amoebostatic and amoebicidal properties in concentrations from 4 to 12 mg/mL. Extracts of P. alata leaf and callus showed the most effective activities (IC5, 4.01 mg/mL, IC,5 7.29 mg/mL, respectively) after 48 h of exposure, which was correlated with the highest concentration of total phenolics and flavonoids in comparison with other extracts.
Breeding of dwarf rapeseed (B.napus L.) (1997)

*INRA, Rennes-Documentation, BP 29, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex Diffusion du document : INRA, Rennes-Documentation, BP 29, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex
Self-aligned TiN barrier formation by rapid thermal nitridation of TiSi2 in ammonia (1989)

Partial or full nitridation of TiSi2 layers has been achieved by rapid thermal nitridation in pure ammonia. Several analytical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering, have been used to study the nitridation process. It was found that a 60-s anneal at 900 °C was sufficient to yield a 20–30 nm TiN layer on top of the TiSi2 layer, provided that the starting TiSi2 surface was free of Si or Ti oxides. Annealing at 1000 °C for 60 s, on the other hand, nitrided the entire 95-nm TiSi2 layer. Detailed structural and chemical analysis of the samples before and after nitridation showed that the nitridation process takes place by nitrogen atoms bonding to Ti atoms and displacing the Si atoms. The dissociated Si atoms diffuse towards the TiSi2/Si interface forming an epitaxial layer of nonuniform thickness on the Si substrate. The resulting TiN layer is substantially thinner than the starting TiSi2 layer. It has a somewhat rough top surface and a very nonuniform interface with the underlying TiSi2 or Si. A small amount of Si remains on the top surface mostly in the form of Si3N4.
Detecting sources of computer viruses in networks (2010)

We provide a systematic study of the problem of finding the source of a computer virus in a network. We model virus spreading in a network with a variant of the popular SIR model and then construct an estimator for the virus source. This estimator is based upon a novel combinatorial quantity which we term rumor centrality. We establish that this is an ML estimator for a class of graphs. We find the following surprising threshold phenomenon: on trees which grow faster than a line, the estimator always has non-trivial detection probability, whereas on trees that grow like a line, the detection probability will go to 0 as the network grows. Simulations performed on synthetic networks such as the popular small-world and scale-free networks, and on real networks such as an internet AS network and the U.S. electric power grid network, show that the estimator either finds the source exactly or within a few hops in different network topologies. We compare rumor centrality to another common network centrality notion known as distance centrality. We prove that on trees, the rumor center and distance center are equivalent, but on general networks, they may differ. Indeed, simulations show that rumor centrality outperforms distance centrality in finding virus sources in networks which are not tree-like.
Full-color large-scaled computer-generated holograms using RGB color filters (2017)

A technique using RGB color filters is proposed for creating high-quality full-color computer-generated holograms (CGHs). The fringe of these CGHs is composed of more than a billion pixels. The CGHs reconstruct full-parallax three-dimensional color images with a deep sensation of depth caused by natural motion parallax. The simulation technique as well as the principle and challenges of high-quality full-color reconstruction are presented to address the design of filter properties suitable for large-scaled CGHs. Optical reconstructions of actual fabricated full-color CGHs are demonstrated in order to verify the proposed techniques.
Compiler driven data cache prefetching for high performance computers (2002)

With advances in compiler optimization and program flow analysis, software assisted cache prefetching schemes using PREFETCH instructions are now possible. Although data can be prefetched accurately into the cache, the runtime overhead associated with these schemes often limits their practical use. We propose a new prefetching scheme, called the Embedded Data Prefetching (EDP), to prefetch array references with constant strides accurately. The basic idea of the EDP scheme is to store constant stride values of array references to be prefetched into a register array, called the stride register file. For each array reference r with constant stride s, the name of the stride register containing s will be embedded into the corresponding LOAD or STORE instruction for r. Then, prefetch hardware will use this embedded prefetching hint and its corresponding value in the stride register for accurate data prefetching. Compared to current software assisted data prefetching schemes, the EDP scheme has much lower runtime overhead without sacrificing prefetching accuracy. Our result showed that the EDP scheme is particularly suitable for computing intensive scientific applications where cache misses are mainly due to array references with constant strides and they can be prefetched very accurately by this EDP scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microwave multichip modules using low cost microwave chip on flex packaging technology (2002)

Microwave chip on flex (MCOF) is an innovative, low cost extension of Lockheed Martin's high density interconnect (HDI) technology. In MCOF technology, die are attached face down on an adhesive backed pre-patterned polyimide dielectric and then overmolded with an epoxy encapsulant. Laser drilled vias followed by multilayer thin film metallization complete the circuit. Significant cost and weight advantages are attained by replacing traditional module substrates with an epoxy encapsulant. Transmit/receive (T/R) modules, thousands of which may be used in a solid state phased array radar application, are particularly good candidates for this technology. This paper describes the use of MCOF technology to package T/R modules for solid state radar applications. An overview of the MCOF process is first presented, followed by a review of the design and fabrication considerations for MCOF multichip modules. Specific attention is focused on the unique packaging and electrical performance requirements of T/R modules and how these objectives are met by MCOF technology. Finally, reliability considerations for use in military applications are discussed. Potential MCOF failure mechanisms and the MCOF reliability plan are presented.
Terahertz wave generation by plasmonic-enhanced difference-frequency generation (2014)

We propose an efficient and compact plasmonic surface-enhanced terahertz generation scheme based on nonlinear difference-frequency generation inside a metal–insulator–metal structure. Gold nanowire arrays are planted on top of the surface of a lithium niobate (LN) substrate with second-order nonlinearity to enhance both the nonlinear wavelength conversion and waveguide terahertz waves at the same time. Our numerical simulations show that our structures are capable of generating both tunable continuous and ultrafast-pulsed terahertz sources. We also discuss further improvements on the conversion efficiency by combining with Ti-diffusing LN waveguides.
rediscovering the parliament act (1993)

What passes for constitutional, Robert Miller, editor of Economic Affairs, argues against such ‘constructivist rationalism’ and for piecemeal reforms. He urges would‐be reformers to look again at the Parliament Act 1911 and to follow the wise advice of Hayek and Popper.
Simulations of Mars Rover Traverses (2013)

Artemis (Adams‐based Rover Terramechanics and Mobility Interaction Simulator) is a software tool developed to simulate rigid‐wheel planetary rover traverses across natural terrain surfaces. It is based on mechanically realistic rover models and the use of classical terramechanics expressions to model spatially variable wheel‐soil and wheel‐bedrock properties. Artemis's capabilities and limitations for the Mars Exploration Rovers (Spirit and Opportunity) were explored using single‐wheel laboratory‐based tests, rover field tests at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mars Yard, and tests on bedrock and dune sand surfaces in the Mojave Desert. Artemis was then used to provide physical insight into the high soil sinkage and slippage encountered by Opportunity while crossing an aeolian ripple on the Meridiani plains and high motor currents encountered while driving on a tilted bedrock surface at Cape York on the rim of Endeavour Crater. Artemis will continue to evolve and is intended to be used on a continuing basis as a tool to help evaluate mobility issues over candidate Opportunity and the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover drive paths, in addition to retrieval of terrain properties by the iterative registration of model and actual drive results.
Magnesiothermic synthesis of sulfur-doped graphene as an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction (2015)

Efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are highly expected in future low-cost energy systems. We have successfully prepared crumpled, sheet-like, sulfur-doped graphene by magnesiothermic reduction of easily available, low-cost, nontoxic CO2 (in the form of Na2CO3) and Na2SO4 as the carbon and sulfur sources, respectively. At high temperature, Mg can reduce not only carbon in the oxidation state of +4 in CO3(2-) to form graphene, but also sulfur in SO4(2-) from its highest (+6) to lowest valence which was hybridized into the carbon sp(2) framework. Various characterization results show that sulfur-doped graphene with only few layers has an appropriate sulfur content, hierarchically robust porous structure, large surface area/pore volume, and highly graphitized textures. The S-doped graphene samples exhibit not only a high activity for ORR with a four-electron pathway, but also superior durability and tolerance to MeOH crossover to 40% Pt/C. This is mainly ascribed to the combination of sulfur-related active sites and hierarchical porous textures, facilitating fast diffusion of oxygen molecules and electrolyte to catalytic sites and release of products from the sites.
Atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping: basic theoretical models and frequency stability (2004)

The paper gives an overview of our present theoretical understanding of coherent population trapping in alkali metal atoms as used in the implementation of an atomic frequency standard. Two approaches are examined: The passive approach in which the microwave hyperfine resonance is detected directly on the transmitted radiation and the maser approach in which the same resonance is observed by means of stimulated emission in a microwave cavity. The theoretical analysis reviewed is supported by experimental results.
Presence of <i>Salmonella</i> AvrA in colorectal tumor and its precursor lesions in mouse intestine and human specimens (2017)

Evidence directly supporting an association between <i>Salmonella</i> infection and colorectal cancer in human subjects is sparse. It has been well recognized that <i>Salmonella</i> infection increases the risk of gallbladder cancer. AvrA, a bacterial protein from <i>Salmonella</i> enterica, plays a crucial role in establishing chronic infection. To our knowledge, the presence of the bacterial AvrA has never been studied in human samples. Here, we demonstrated the presence and cellular localization of AvrA in inflamed, colorectal tumor and its precursor lesions, using both animal experimental infection models and human clinical specimens. We performed a newly developed AvrA serological assay and to determine the presence of anti-<i>Salmonella</i> AvrA antibody in chronic infected mouse serum samples. Further, we tested the presence of AvrA gene in healthy human fecal samples, in order to advance etiological studies of <i>Salmonella</i> AvrA in human population. Our study suggests a potential role of this bacterial protein in human colorectal cancer. Moreover, our new serological assay may serve a useful tool to identify individuals at increased risk for colorectal cancer.
REVIEWS (1981)

REVIEWS Get access Walter Scott and the Historical Imagination. By DAVID BROWN. Pp. x+240. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1979. £9.75 net. DONALD A. LOW DONALD A. LOW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XXXII, Issue 126, May 1981, Pages 231–233, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXXII.126.231 Published: 01 May 1981