gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced rate capabilities in a glass-ceramic-derived sodium all-solid-state battery (2020)

An all-solid-state battery (ASSB) with a new structure based on glass-ceramic that forms Na<sub>2</sub>FeP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (NFP) crystals, which functions as an active cathode material, is fabricated by integrating it with a β″-alumina solid electrolyte. Two important factors that influence the rate capability of this ASSB were optimised. First, the particle size of the precursor glass powder from which the NFP crystals are formed was decreased. Consequently, the onset temperature of crystallisation shifts to a lower temperature, which enables the softening of NFP crystals and their integration with β″-alumina at a low temperature, without the interdiffusion of different crystal phases or atoms. Second, the interface between the β″-alumina solid electrolyte and cathode active materials which consisted of the NFP-crystallised glass and acetylene black used as a conductive additive, is increased to increase the insertion/release of ions and electrons from the active material during charge/discharge processes. Thus, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced considerably to 120 Ω. Thus, an ASSB capable of rapid charge/discharge that can operate not only at room temperature (30 °C) but also at -20 °C is obtained. This technology is an innovative breakthrough in oxide-based ASSBs, considering that the internal resistance of liquid electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries and sulphide-based ASSBs is ~10 Ω.
High-Efficiency Laser Dyes For High-Energy Dye Lasers (1989)

A dye laser gain analysis reveals that dye lasers can be upscaled to high energies, provided improved laser dyes are employed. Superior laser dyes were recently discovered in the quasi-aromatic families of syn-dioxabimanes and pyrromethene-BF2 complexes. The representative new dye ,u-bis-(carboethoxy) methylene-syn-(methylene, methyl) bimane lased at 507 nm with 50% greater efficiency than was obtained with Coumarin 30. A similar determination showed 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethy1-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene to lase at 546 nm with about 300% greater efficiency than was obtained from Coumarin 545. These quasi-aromatic systems are readily available and offer desirable properties of stability (photo, thermal, and chemical), solubility, and diminished triplet-triplet absorption in the lasing spectral region.
A Straightforward Entry to 7‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐1‐carbonitriles in the Synthesis of Novel Epibatidine Analogues (2010)

Abstract This paper presents the synthesis of epibatidine analogues by a straightforward one‐pot method for the synthesis of 7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐1‐carbonitriles, starting from cyclohexanones bearing a leaving group at the 4‐position. In situ imine formation, followed by reversible cyanide addition, allows complete conversion of 4‐(mesyloxy)cyclohexanone to the bicyclic core. Elaboration of the introduced nitrile functionality and deprotection of the tertiary amine leads to five new epibatidine analogues.
Inferring Types of References to GUI Objects in Test Scripts (2009)

Since manual black-box testing of GUI-based applications (GAPs) is tedious and laborious, test engineers create test scripts to automate the testing process. These test scripts interact with GAPs by performing actions on their GUI objects. Unlike conventional languages that require programmers to declare types of variables explicitly, test script statements reference GUI objects using their properties (e.g., location, color, size, etc). The absence of type information exacerbates the process of understanding test scripts, making maintenance and evolution of these scripts expensive and prohibitive, thus obliterating benefits of test automation. We offer a novel approach for type inference of GUI object references (TIGOR) in test scripts. TIGOR makes types of GUI objects explicit in the source code of scripts, enabling test engineers to reason more effectively about the interactions between operations in complex test scripts and GUI objects that these operations reference. We describe our implementation and give an algorithm for automatically inferring types of GUI objects. We built a tool and evaluated it on different GAPs. Our experience suggests that TIGOR is practical and efficient, and it yields appropriate types of GUI objects.
Distribution and Characterization of <i>Citrus tristeza virus</i> in South Florida Following Establishment of <i>Toxoptera citricida</i> (2004)

The incidence of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was found to increase significantly in southern Florida within 2 years after the establishment of its most efficient vector, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy). Increased incidence of both mild and severe strains was documented, with the incidence of severe strains increasing more than mild strains. Molecular probes capable of differentiating mild, quick decline and various types of stem-pitting strains demonstrated that trees often were infected with more than one strain of CTV, with trees containing up to five different strains. Some CTV strains detected in the southeast urban corridor of Florida and in commercial groves in southwest Florida were found to react with probes specific for stem-pitting strains known from elsewhere in the world. The implications of the presence of these CTV strains in Florida and their possible presence in citrus budwood scion trees are discussed.
Glass Substrates for Liquid Crystal Displays (2010)

We present a brief history of substrate glasses developed by Corning Incorporated (Corning) for use in Active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) displays. The most basic attributes required of AMLCD substrates include thermal and mechanical stability, precise geometry control, a surface that is basically perfectly smooth, and no inclusions large enough to block a pixel in the final display. In addition, the glasses used as substrate materials must be essentially alkali‐free so that they do not interact chemically or electronically with thin‐film transistors (TFT). Thin, precision sheet was first made at Corning via the slot‐draw process, but was eventually moved to the fusion‐draw process; neither process was originally intended for this application. Alkali‐free glasses were originally developed for electronic applications and lamp envelopes, and considerable research was required to invent compositions that were compatible with the high‐viscosity fusion‐draw process. Examples of the technical challenges presented by the evolving industry requirements are provided, including eliminating arsenic from the substrate glass and reducing the dimensional change during high‐temperature processing of polysilicon‐based TFT.
Novel Antibacterial Polypeptide Laparaxin Produced By Lactobacillus Paracasei Strain NRRL B-50314 Via Fermentation (2012)

This study reports the production and characterization of a novel antibacterial polypeptide, designated laparaxin, which is secreted by Lactobacillus paracasei NRRL B-50314. Crude laparaxin has antibacterial activity against a wide variety of Gram-positive bacteria, including: lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus buchneri), food-borne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes), gastrointestinal pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis), and opportunistic pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin resistant (MRSA) strains, a hetero-vancomycin-intermediate methicillin resistant strain (Hetero VISA also MRSA) MM66, and homogeneous vancomycin intermediate (Homo VISA). Using L. lactis as an indicator strain, the inhibitory activity of crude laparaxin was detected originally in early log phase, and the activity maximizes at the early stationary phase and remains stable after prolonged incubation. Laparaxin activity is stable after 30 min of incubation at 94°C. Higher concentrations of inhibitory activity are produced when glucose, fructose and sucrose are used as carbon-sources in growth media. Crude laparaxin has potential applications in food and feed industries, as well as in clinical and veterinary medicine.
A mobile robot for locomotion through a 3D periodic lattice environment (2017)

This paper describes a novel class of robots specifically adapted to climb periodic lattices, which we call “Relative Robots”. These robots use the regularity of the structure to simplify the path planning, align with minimal feedback, and reduce the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) required to locomote. They can perform vital inspection and repair tasks within the structure that larger truss construction robots could not perform without modifying the structure. We detail a specific type of relative robot designed to traverse a cuboctahedral (CubOct) cellular solids lattice, show how the symmetries of the lattice simplify the design, and test these design methodologies with a CubOct relative robot that traverses a 76.2 mm (3 in.) pitch lattice, MOJO (Multi-Objective JOurneying robot). We perform three locomotion tasks with MOJO: vertical climbing, horizontal climbing, and turning, and find that, due to changes in the orientation of the robot relative to the gravity vector, the success rate of vertical and horizontal climbing is significantly different.
On-the-fly audio source separation (2014)

This paper addresses the challenging task of single channel audio source separation. We introduce a novel concept of on-the-fly audio source separation which greatly simplifies the user's interaction with the system compared to the state-of-the-art user-guided approaches. In the proposed framework, the user is only asked to listen to an audio mixture and type some keywords (e.g. “dog barking”, “wind”, etc.) describing the sound sources to be separated. These keywords are then used as text queries to search for audio examples from the internet to guide the separation process. In particular, we propose several approaches to efficiently exploit these retrieved examples, including an approach based on a generic spectral model with group sparsity-inducing constraints. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework with mixtures containing various types of sounds.
Monitoring epidermal growth factor receptor C797S mutation in Japanese non–small cell lung cancer patients with serial cell‐free DNA evaluation using digital droplet PCR (2021)

Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) that is effective in treating both naïve and T790M-mutated EGFR-TKI-resistant non-small cell lung cancer patients. The EGFR C797S mutation is the major osimertinib resistance mechanism. The present study monitored the EGFR C797S mutation during osimertinib treatment in Japanese patients using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In our first cohort, C797S detection was validated with tumor specimens and/or plasma samples from 26 patients using ddPCR with custom-designed probes detecting and discriminating T790M and C797S in cis and trans positions. In our second cohort, 18 patients with EGFR-T790M who were going to start osimertinib were analyzed using ddPCR by collecting the plasma samples every month from the beginning of the course of osimertinib. In the first cohort, C797S was detected in 15.4% of patients. C797S and T790M in cis and trans positions were distinguished using ddPCR. In the second cohort, serial cfDNA evaluation revealed that the rate of EGFR mutation changes with disease state. Increases of EGFR mutation were detected, including C797S several months before the diagnosis of disease progression. As with the first cohort, C797S and T790M in cis and trans position were distinguished by ddPCR at disease progression. Coincidentally, in the first cohort, next generation sequencing detected NRAS Q61K mutation and the resistance with NRAS Q61K mutation was overcome by trametinib. In the second cohort, serial cfDNA analysis was useful for evaluating bone oligo-progression and local radiation therapy.
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with integrated impedance-matching taper (2019)

Conventional readout of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) sets an upper bound on the output voltage to be the product of the bias current and the load impedance, IB × Zload, where Zload is limited to 50 Ω in standard r.f. electronics. Here, we break this limit by interfacing the 50 Ω load and the SNSPD using an integrated superconducting transmission line taper. The taper is a transformer that effectively loads the SNSPD with high impedance without latching. At the expense of reduced maximum counting rate, it increases the amplitude of the detector output while preserving the fast rising edge. Using a taper with a starting width of 500 nm, we experimentally observed a 3.6× higher pulse amplitude, 3.7× faster slew rate, and 25.1 ps smaller timing jitter. The results match our numerical simulation, which incorporates both the hotspot dynamics in the SNSPD and the distributed nature in the transmission line taper. The taper studied here may become a useful tool to interface high-impedance superconducting nanowire devices to conventional low-impedance circuits.
Antineoplastic Agents 430. Isolation and Structure of Cribrostatins 3, 4, and 5 from the Republic of Maldives <i>Cribrochalina</i> Species (2000)

Continued investigation of cancer-cell growth-inhibitory constituents of the blue marine sponge Cribrochalina sp. has led to discovery of cribrostatins 3 (4a), 4 (5), and 5 (4b) in 10(-5) to 10(-7) % of the wet weight. The structure of cribrostatin 3 (4a) was determined by results of high field (500 MHz) (1)H and (13)C NMR and HRMS interpretations. The same general approach to the structures of cribrostatins 4 (5) and 5 (4b) was completed by X-ray crystal structure determinations. Cribrostatins 3, 4, and 5 provided significant cancer cell line inhibitory activities. Cribrostatins 1 and 2(2) and the newly isolated cribrostatins 3-5 displayed antibacterial and/or antifungal activities.
Encapsulations for In-situ OAM Data (2017)

In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) records
operational and telemetry information in the packet while the packet
traverses a path between two points in the network. In-situ OAM is to
complement current out-of-band OAM mechanisms based on ICMP or other
types of probe packets. This document outlines how in-situ OAM data
fields can be transported in protocols such as NSH, Segment Routing,
VXLAN-GPE, native IPv6 (via extension headers), and IPv4. Transport
options are currently investigated as part of an implementation study.
This document is intended to only serve informational purposes.
QVM (2011)

Coping with software defects that occur in the post-deployment stage is a challenging problem: bugs may occur only when the system uses a specific configuration and only under certain usage scenarios. Nevertheless, halting production systems until the bug is tracked and fixed is often impossible. Thus, developers have to try to reproduce the bug in laboratory conditions. Often, the reproduction of the bug takes most of the debugging effort. In this paper we suggest an approach to address this problem by using a specialized runtime environment called Quality Virtual Machine (QVM). QVM efficiently detects defects by continuously monitoring the execution of the application in a production setting. QVM enables the efficient checking of violations of user-specified correctness properties, that is, typestate safety properties, Java assertions, and heap properties pertaining to ownership. QVM is markedly different from existing techniques for continuous monitoring by using a novel overhead manager which enforces a user-specified overhead budget for quality checks. Existing tools for error detection in the field usually disrupt the operation of the deployed system. QVM, on the other hand, provides a balanced trade-off between the cost of the monitoring process and the maintenance of sufficient accuracy for detecting defects. Specifically, the overhead cost of using QVM instead of a standard JVM, is low enough to be acceptable in production environments. We implemented QVM on top of IBM’s J9 Java Virtual Machine and used it to detect and fix various errors in real-world applications.
Simulated Moving Bed Equipment Designs (2004)

Abstract Simulated Moving Bed or SMB chromatography is a continuous adsorption technique that increases throughput, purity and yield relative to batch chromatography. SMB utilizes a series of columns with periodically moving inlet and outlet ports. This technique has been applied for the production of petrochemicals and sugars, and to a limited extent, pharmaceuticals. The recent surge in SMB research has led to various novel SMB schemes or configurations. This review presents a survey and comparison of SMB schemes and equipment, specifically SMB valve designs, which are needed to implement the various schemes. Illustrated examples include SMBs with three, four, five, eight, nine, or twelve zones, Varicol scheme, Japan Organo process, fast startup and shutdown, and online decoupled regeneration. The SMB valve designs reviewed are classified into central and distributed valves designs, which include two‐way‐valve designs and rotary‐valve designs. We also present a novel SMB design, the Versatile SMB or V‐SMB, which can implement all the novel schemes by using a one‐rotary‐valve‐per‐column design. Select‐Trapping valves are used to interrupt the stream between the columns and to act as a junction that allows streams to be partially or totally added or removed, or to flow through to the next column. The streams can also be redirected to another SMB zone. Compared to other SMB valve designs, the V‐SMB: (1) can be configured for open‐loop, multi‐zone and zone bypass operation; (2) does not require a carousel for column rotation; (3) does not contribute to product contamination; (4) allows independent port switchings, which is required for certain schemes; (5) allows additional columns to be added easily; and, (6) requires only constant speed pumps. The V‐SMB has successfully purified enantiomers, sugars, organic acids, an antibiotic, and biosynthetic human insulin.
Novel high-density low-power high-performance double-gate logic techniques (2005)

This paper propose novel double-gate (DG) logic circuit schemes using only symmetrical gates to reduce the area and leakage/active power. The performance improvement and power reduction for NAND, NOR, and pass-gate are studied via the two-dimensional numerical device simulator to directly simulate the circuit structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Homogeneous Nickel Catalysis (2014)

Abstract Review: 100 refs.
Design and performance of 256x256 bolometer-type uncooled infrared detector (1998)

This paper discusses the design and performance of a 256 X 256 bolometer-type uncooled infrared detector. First, model calculations are carried out to clarify the relations of the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) to the electrical properties of the bolometer material. The properties are mainly resistivity, the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and 1/f noise. To obtain real-time images with NETD values smaller than 0.15 K for F/1 optics, vanadium oxide thin film was developed as the bolometer material, having a sheet resistance range of 5 - 50 k(Omega) /square and a TCR value of -2%/K. This material did not exhibit thermochroism like VO<SUB>2</SUB>(A), because it was identified as VO<SUB>2</SUB>(B). The bolometer-array was statistically evaluated and put into the infrared camera. Finally, a thermal image with a NETD of 0.15 K was obtained.
All‐Nanoporous Hybrid Membranes: Redefining Upper Limits on Molecular Separation Properties (2018)

New membrane-based molecular separation processes are an essential part of the strategy for sustainable chemical production. A large literature on "hybrid" or "mixed-matrix" membranes exists, in which nanoparticles of a higher-performance porous material are dispersed in a polymeric matrix to boost performance. We demonstrate that the hybrid membrane concept can be redefined to achieve much higher performance if the membrane matrix and the dispersed phase are both nanoporous crystalline materials, with no polymeric phase. As the first example of such a system, we find that surface-treated nanoparticles of the zeolite MFI can be incorporated in situ during growth of a polycrystalline membrane of the MOF ZIF-8. The resulting all-nanoporous hybrid membrane shows propylene/propane separation characteristics that exceed known upper-bound performance limits defined for polymers, nanoporous materials, and polymer-based hybrid membranes. This serves as a starting point for a new generation of chemical separation membranes containing interconnected nanoporous crystalline phases.
Research on active mixing printhead for multi-material and multi-scale 3D printing (2017)

The emerging multi-material and multi-scale 3D printing technique possesses great potential to implement the simultaneous and full control for fabricated objects including external geometry, internal architecture, functional surface, material composition and ratio as well as gradient distribution, feature size ranging from nano, micro, to marco-scale, embedded components and electro-circuit, etc. It is able to construct the heterogeneous and hierarchical structured object with tailored properties and multiple functionalities which cannot be achieved through the existing technologies. Such technology has been considered as a revolutionary technology and next-generation manufacturing tool which can really fulfill the “creating material” and “creating life”, especially subvert traditional product design and manufacturing scheme. This paper presents a multi-scale and multi-material 3D printing process based on single printhead. A novel active mixing printhead which is regarded as one of the core functional elements is proposed and investigated systematically by combining the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental verification. The influence and laws of the impeller diameter, the impeller velocity, and fluid viscosity for the mixing efficiency and performance were revealed by numerical simulation using COMOSOL software. Three typical cases regarding the variable color model, variable stiffness model and micro-scale model printed were provided to verify the result of the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation for the active mixing printhead. These findings are valuable in providing a theoretical basis for multi-scale and multi-material 3D printing, and further enhancing the performance of active mixing printhead, developing multi-scale and multi-material 3D printers.
Flexible OFDM transceiver for a high-speed wireless LAN (2003)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) shows clear benefits as a modulation technique for wireless local area networks (WLAN), and is hence being validated in recent standardization efforts. This paper presents some results of a high-speed OFDM transceiver ASIC recently developed at IMEC. This transceiver provides a large degree of flexibility through programmable parameters with respect to both channel and user requirements. The integration of a high-speed OFDM baseband transceiver on a single ASIC is an important step towards high-capacity WLAN at competitive prices.