gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of<i>N</i>-{4-[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl-2-methylpropyl}-4-phenoxybenzamide Analogues as Selective Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists (2013)

There is continuing interest in the discovery and development of new κ opioid receptor antagonists. We recently reported that N-substituted 3-methyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperazines were a new class of opioid receptor antagonists. In this study, we report the syntheses of two piperazine JDTic-like analogues. Evaluation of the two compounds in an in vitro [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay showed that neither compound showed the high potency and κ opioid receptor selectivity of JDTic. A library of compounds using the core scaffold 21 was synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit [(35)S]GTPγS binding stimulated by the selective κ opioid agonist U69,593. These studies led to N-[(1S)-1-{[(3S)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]methyl}-2-methylpropyl]-4-phenoxybenzamide (11a), a compound that showed good κ opioid receptor antagonist properties. An SAR study based on 11a provided 28 novel analogues. Evaluation of these 28 compounds in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay showed that several of the analogues were potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonists.
Energy harvesting using RF MEMS (2010)

This paper presents a novel technology which provides a promising solution for designing self-powered microsystems. Micro-Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) energy harvesting is an emerging alternative for scavenging energy from natural sources. It has extensive potential in wireless sensor applications to provide a natural energy source that is essentially inexhaustible. It is an increasingly attractive alternative to costly batteries. This essentially free energy source is available maintenance-free throughout the lifetime of the application. Many systems, such as wireless sensor networks, portable electronics and cell phones, can use this technology as a power source. Although some types of MEMS, such as electro-magnetic MEMS, electrostatic MEMS, and piezoelectric MEMS, are used to provide energy in various applications, they have several technical barriers that limit their applications, including low efficiency, issues of scaling, and high cost. Our novel MEMS solar energy harvesting technology is scalable and also easily integrated in microsystems. The RF MEMS design not only has to provide functional efficiency, but also must work within the limits of maximum charge and discharge conversion efficiency. The energy harvesting technologies currently available which utilizes RF MEMS to convert solar energy into charge, can achieve better benefits than photovoltaic cells. In this paper we provide design, fabrication, testing and evaluation of RF MEMS and its working limits in charging and discharging.
Coping with Real-World Challenges in Real-Time Urban Traffic Control (2014)

In urban road networks, the use of real-time adaptive traffic signal control systems faces two typical challenges. First, various sources of uncertainty and disturbance can significantly degrade the accuracy of real-time flow predictions. Second, the optimization of vehicle flows must also give active attention to other transportation modes such as bus transit and pedestrian flows. In this paper, these challenges are investigated in the context of a recently implemented system called SURTRAC (Scalable URban TRAffic Control), which has now been running continuously in an actual urban environment for more than one year. SURTRAC takes a decentralized, schedule-driven approach to real-time traffic control and its design aims at urban (grid-like) networks with multiple, completing dominant flows that shift through the day. Motivated by observations of the system in operation, several strategies are proposed for strengthening the basic SURTRAC algorithm to better deal with real-world uncertainties and disruptive events, as well as multi-modal traffic demands. We evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies using both simulations and analysis of data collected from the pilot deployment.
Improving the coherence properties of solid-state spin ensembles via optimized dynamical decoupling (2016)

In this work, we optimize a dynamical decoupling (DD) protocol to improve the spin coherence properties of a dense ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Using liquid nitrogen-based cooling and DD microwave pulses, we increase the transverse coherence time T2 from ∼ 0.7 ms up to ∼ 30 ms. We extend previous work of single-axis (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) DD towards the preservation of arbitrary spin states. After performing a detailed analysis of pulse and detuning errors, we compare the performance of various DD protocols. We identify that the concatenated XY8 pulse sequences serves as the optimal control scheme for preserving an arbitrary spin state. Finally, we use the concatenated sequences to demonstrate an immediate improvement of the AC magnetic sensitivity up to a factor of two at 250 kHz. For future work, similar protocols may be used to increase coherence times up to NV-NV interaction time scales, a major step toward the creation of quantum collective NV spin states.
Development of Cushing's syndrome in corticotropin-releasing factor transgenic mice (1992)

CRF is released in response to various stressors and regulates ACTH secretion and glucocorticoid production. CRF overproduction has been implicated in affective disorders, such as depression and anorexia nervosa, and may lead to Cushing's syndrome. To test whether CRF overproduction leads to Cushing's syndrome and to develop an animal model of chronic pituitary-adrenal activation, the CRF gene was expressed under control of the metallothionein promoter in transgenic mice. CRF transgenic animals exhibit endocrine abnormalities involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, such as elevated plasma levels of ACTH and glucocorticoids. These animals display physical changes similar to those of patients with Cushing's syndrome, such as excess fat accumulation, muscle atrophy, thin skin, and alopecia. These findings indicate that chronic production of excess CRF results in sustained stimulation of pituitary corticotrope cells, resulting in elevated ACTH and consequent glucocorticoid overproduction, a condition that leads to the development of Cushing's syndrome. Analysis of CRF mRNA distribution revealed that transgene expression is primarily restricted to cells that express the endogenous CRF gene and does not follow the pattern predicted of a metallothionein-regulated gene. These results suggest that DNA elements located outside of the CRF promoter but present within the CRF intron, coding, or 3'-flanking regions may contribute to the cell type specificity of CRF gene expression.
Isolation of Anti-Ricin Protective Antibodies Exhibiting High Affinity from Immunized Non-Human Primates (2016)

Ricin, derived from the castor bean plant Ricinus communis, is one of the most potent and lethal toxins known, against which there is no available antidote. To date, the use of neutralizing antibodies is the most promising post-exposure treatment for ricin intoxication. The aim of this study was to isolate high affinity anti-ricin antibodies that possess potent toxin-neutralization capabilities. Two non-human primates were immunized with either a ricin-holotoxin- or subunit-based vaccine, to ensure the elicitation of diverse high affinity antibodies. By using a comprehensive set of primers, immune scFv phage-displayed libraries were constructed and panned. A panel of 10 antibodies (five directed against the A subunit of ricin and five against the B subunit) was isolated and reformatted into a full-length chimeric IgG. All of these antibodies were found to neutralize ricin in vitro, and several conferred full protection to ricin-intoxicated mice when given six hours after exposure. Six antibodies were found to possess exceptionally high affinity toward the toxin, with KD values below pM (k(off )< 1 × 10(-7) s(-1)) that were well correlated with their ability to neutralize ricin. These antibodies, alone or in combination, could be used for the development of a highly-effective therapeutic preparation for post-exposure treatment of ricin intoxication.
A modular, wireless damage monitoring system for structures (1998)

A structural monitoring system comprises a plurality of modular, battery powered data acquisition devices which transmit structural information to a central data collection and analysis device over a wireless data link. The data acquisition devices each comprise mechanical vibration sensors, data acquisition circuitry, a digital wireless transmitter, and a battery for providing electrical power to the device. The central data collection device comprises a digital wireless receiver that receives data sent from the data acquisition devices, and a microprocessor for processing the data. A more powerful computer may be interfaced with the central device to provide more sophisticated analysis after a natural hazard or other extreme event. A methodology for operating the monitoring system is also disclosed.
Design and operation of a tunable MeV-level Compton-scattering-based<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>-ray source (2010)

A monoenergetic gamma-ray (MEGa-ray) source based on Compton scattering, targeting nuclear physics applications such as nuclear resonance fluorescence, has been constructed and commissioned at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In this paper, the overall architecture of the system, as well as some of the design decisions (such as laser pulse lengths and interaction geometry) made in the development of the source, are discussed. The performances of the two laser systems (one for electron production, one for scattering), the electron photoinjector, and the linear accelerator are also detailed, and initial $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray results are presented.
Challenges of semi-cooperative bi/multistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) using Cosmo-Sky Med as an illuminator (2019)

There has been a recent surge in activity related to bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. This is, in part, due to recent advances in hardware making such systems more attainable and the fact that the approach itself has the potential to provide the following unique properties: 1. Defeating counter-measures (such as jamming). 2. Improving detection performance by reduction of 'spiky' clutter. 3. Investigation of complex radar phenomenology (e.g. analysis of complex scattering environments, such as the inside of buildings). A SAR image is typically formed by having a moving radar system (e.g. on a spacecraft or an aeroplane) which transmits a series of pulses illuminating an area of the ground and records the energy reflected from the ground. It is then possible to combine these recorded reflected pulses into a map of radar cross section (RCS) as a function of 2D position within the illuminated area.
Test Time Reduction to Test for Path-Delay Faults using Enhanced Random-Access Scan (2007)

Studies of random-access scan (RAS) architecture have largely limited their scope to reduce test application time, test volume and test power to detect conventional stuck-at faults. This paper proposed an enhanced RAS latch design for two pattern tests. The proposed latch is a minor modification of the RAS latch and is well suited for delay-fault tests. In contrast, the traditional serial scan latch needs a major enhancement. As a result the RAS may offer a hardware advantage while the test time is nearly halved over the serial scan design. The test time advantage in this paper was demonstrated for various test sets for benchmark circuits and the authors argued that the advantage is even larger when test sets are generated for RAS architecture in mind, as well as by the exploitation of unspecified bits in test vectors
Investigation of Constant Creation Techniques in the Context of Gene Expression Programming (2004)

Abstract. Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is a new technique of Genetic Programming (GP) that implements a linear genotype representation. It uses fixed-length chromosomes to represent expression trees of different shapes and sizes, which results in unconstrained search of the genome space while still ensuring validity of the program’s output. However, GEP has some difficulty in discovering suitable function structures because the genetic operators are more disruptive than traditional tree-based GP. One possible remedy is to specifically assist the algorithm in discovering useful numeric constants. In this paper, the effectiveness of several constant creation techniques for GEP has been investigated through two symbolic regression benchmark problems. Our experimental results show that constant creation methods applied to the whole population for selected generations perform better than methods that are applied only to the best individuals. The proposed tune-up process for the entire population can significantly improve the average fitness of the best solutions. 1
Transcriptional activities of cholecystokinin promoter haplotypes and their relevance to panic disorder susceptibility (2002)

We previously identified a polymorphic compound short tandem repeat (STR) in the 5'-regulatory region of the cholecystokinin (CCK) gene, and showed that when the STRs were classified into three groups based on length and linkage disequilibrium behavior with neighboring variants, the medium class allele was significantly associated with panic disorder. The present study examined the transcriptional activity of the CCK promoter construct containing the STR and downstream -188A/G variation. The STRs acted as transcriptional repressors with a similar potency among the three classes, but the long (L) class STR exhibited a synergistic effect on decreasing promoter activity when combined with -188G. The haplotype composed of the L class of STR and -188G was significantly less frequent in panic disorder (P = 0.0032; odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 0.06, 0.01-0.69). These results suggest that the L-(-188G) haplotype may act as a protective factor against panic by reducing the expression of anxiogenic CCK.
Process for Growing Large Area, High Quality, Single Crystal Diamond Plates Expected to be Cost Competitive with High Pressure Synthetic Diamond (1995)

(1995). Process for Growing Large Area, High Quality, Single Crystal Diamond Plates Expected to be Cost Competitive with High Pressure Synthetic Diamond. Materials Technology: Vol. 10, No. 11-12, pp. 229-232.
SPUR (2010)

Tracing just-in-time compilers (TJITs) determine frequently executed traces (hot paths and loops) in running programs and focus their optimization effort by emitting optimized machine code specialized to these traces. Prior work has established this strategy to be especially beneficial for dynamic languages such as JavaScript, where the TJIT interfaces with the interpreter and produces machine code from the JavaScript trace.
Printed tunable frequency selective surface on a developed flexible functionalized ceramic-polymer based substrate (2016)

In this work, we demonstrate the development of a flexible, high-dielectric-constant substrate based on barium strontium titanate (BST)/thermoplastic cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) nanocomposites suitable for fully printable phased array applications. This functionalized BST/COC substrate is demonstrated to possess tunability as a function of an applied DC bias. This tunable substrate is implemented for a tunable frequency selective surface in the X-band frequency range.
Ti–Sb–Te Alloy: A Candidate for Fast and Long-Life Phase-Change Memory (2015)

Phase-change memory (PCM) has great potential for numerous attractive applications on the premise of its high-device performances, which still need to be improved by employing a material with good overall phase-change properties. In respect to fast speed and high endurance, the Ti-Sb-Te alloy seems to be a promising candidate. Here, Ti-doped Sb2Te3 (TST) materials with different Ti concentrations have been systematically studied with the goal of finding the most suitable composition for PCM applications. The thermal stability of TST is improved dramatically with increasing Ti content. The small density change of T0.32Sb2Te3 (2.24%), further reduced to 1.37% for T0.56Sb2Te3, would greatly avoid the voids generated at phase-change layer/electrode interface in a PCM device. Meanwhile, the exponentially diminished grain size (from ∼200 nm to ∼12 nm), resulting from doping more and more Ti, enhances the adhesion between phase-change film and substrate. Tests of TST-based PCM cells have demonstrated a fast switching rate of ∼10 ns. Furthermore, because of the lower thermal conductivities of TST materials, compared with Sb2Te3-based PCM cells, T0.32Sb2Te3-based ones exhibit lower required pulse voltages for Reset operation, which largely decreases by ∼50% for T0.43Sb2Te3-based ones. Nevertheless, the operation voltages for T0.56Sb2Te3-based cells dramatically increase, which may be due to the phase separation after doping excessive Ti. Finally, considering the decreased resistance ratio, TixSb2Te3 alloy with x around 0.43 is proved to be a highly promising candidate for fast and long-life PCM applications.
Development of the Likelihood of Low Glucose (LLG) Algorithm for Evaluating Risk of Hypoglycemia (2014)

The objective was to develop an analysis methodology for generating diabetes therapy decision guidance using continuous glucose (CG) data. The novel Likelihood of Low Glucose (LLG) methodology, which exploits the relationship between glucose median, glucose variability, and hypoglycemia risk, is mathematically based and can be implemented in computer software. Using JDRF Continuous Glucose Monitoring Clinical Trial data, CG values for all participants were divided into 4-week periods starting at the first available sensor reading. The safety and sensitivity performance regarding hypoglycemia guidance "stoplights" were compared between the LLG method and one based on 10th percentile (P10) values. Examining 13 932 hypoglycemia guidance outputs, the safety performance of the LLG method ranged from 0.5% to 5.4% incorrect "green" indicators, compared with 0.9% to 6.0% for P10 value of 110 mg/dL. Guidance with lower P10 values yielded higher rates of incorrect indicators, such as 11.7% to 38% at 80 mg/dL. When evaluated only for periods of higher glucose (median above 155 mg/dL), the safety performance of the LLG method was superior to the P10 method. Sensitivity performance of correct "red" indicators of the LLG method had an in sample rate of 88.3% and an out of sample rate of 59.6%, comparable with the P10 method up to about 80 mg/dL. To aid in therapeutic decision making, we developed an algorithm-supported report that graphically highlights low glucose risk and increased variability. When tested with clinical data, the proposed method demonstrated equivalent or superior safety and sensitivity performance.
A gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical that is retained in myocardium: 68Ga[(4,6-MeO2sal)2BAPEN]+. (1993)

The cationic gallium(III) complex formed with the bis(4,6-dimethoxy)salicylaldimine of N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine has been investigated as a potential 68Ga radiopharmaceutical for imaging the heart with PET. The 67Ga complex of this ligand was prepared by ligand exchange from 67Ga-acetylacetonate and its biodistribution determined in ether anesthetized rats following intravenous injection. At 1 min postinjection, 1% of the injected dose was found in the heart with heart-to-blood and heart-to-lung ratios of 2.3:1 and 1.9:1, respectively. No clearance of 67Ga radioactivity from the heart was observed over the 1-min to 2-hr time frame studied. The 68Ga complex of this ligand was also prepared and the tracer further evaluated in a PET imaging study with a normal dog. Beyond 20 min postinjection, the heart was clearly delineated in the 68Ga PET images with good heart-to-blood and heart-to-lung contrast. No clearance of myocardial 68Ga radioactivity was observed over the 90-min imaging period, which is consistent with the results obtained in the rat. Gallium-68 complexes of this type may be useful as radiopharmaceuticals for imaging the heart with PET.
Secreted Threonyl-tRNA synthetase stimulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis (2013)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases classically regulate protein synthesis but some also engage in alternative signaling functions related to immune responses and angiogenesis. Threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) is an autoantigen in the autoimmune disorder myositis, and borrelidin, a potent inhibitor of TARS, inhibits angiogenesis. We explored a mechanistic link between these findings by testing whether TARS directly affects angiogenesis through inflammatory mediators. When human vascular endothelial cells were exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TARS was secreted into the cell media. Furthermore, exogenous TARS stimulated endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo assays. The borrelidin derivative BC194 reduced the angiogenic effect of both VEGF and TARS, but not a borrelidin-resistant TARS mutant. Our findings reveal a previously undiscovered function for TARS as an angiogenic, pro-migratory extracellular signaling molecule. TARS thus provides a potential target for detecting or interdicting disease-related inflammatory or angiogenic responses.
<title>Implementation issues for the full-time full-resolution stereoscopic 3D flat panel display</title> (2004)

The proliferation of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) has resulted in a need for the capability to see the operational environment in stereo. In a previous paper the theoretical underpinnings for new types of stereoscopic and autostereoscopic flat-panel displays with full-time, full-resolution images (i.e., no temporal multiplexing and no spatial multiplexing) were presented. Recently, a stereoscopic prototype has been constructed at the U.S. Army Aviation & Missile RDEC and testing is underway. The research presented here describes the application of two liquid crystal displays (LCD) sandwiched together to form a compact, rugged stereoscopic display. Polarized glasses are used to view the image in stereo. The prototype provides a full-time, full-resolution stereoscopic 3D display in a package slightly thicker, but no larger, than the standard liquid crystal display used in laptop computers. The LCDs have been characterized using a Stokes vector polarimeter. The characterization results were very interesting and led to some changes in the encoding algorithms. Significant improvements in the display quality were achieved through these adaptations.
Novel Blend Membranes Based on Acid-Base Interactions for Fuel Cells (2012)

Fuel cells hold great promise for wide applications in portable, residential, and large-scale power supplies. For low temperature fuel cells, such as the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) are a key component determining the fuel cells performance. PEMs with high proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions can allow PEMFCs to be operated above 100 °C, enabling use of hydrogen fuels with high-CO contents and improving the electrocatalytic activity. PEMs with high proton conductivity and low methanol crossover are critical for lowering catalyst loadings at the cathode and improving the performance and long-term stability of DMFCs. This review provides a summary of a number of novel acid-base blend membranes consisting of an acidic polymer and a basic compound containing N-heterocycle groups, which are promising for PEMFCs and DMFCs.