gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boundary Slope Control in Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing: For Self-Support and Surface Roughness (2019)

This paper studies how to control boundary slope of optimized parts in density-based topology optimization for additive manufacturing (AM). Boundary slope of a part affects the amount of support structure required during its fabrication by additive processes. Boundary slope also has a direct relation with the resulting surface roughness from the AM processes, which in turn affects the heat transfer efficiency. By constraining the minimal boundary slope, support structures can be eliminated or reduced for AM, and thus, material and postprocessing costs are reduced; by constraining the maximal boundary slope, high-surface roughness can be attained, and thus, the heat transfer efficiency is increased. In this paper, the boundary slope is controlled through a constraint between the density gradient and the given build direction. This allows us to explicitly control the boundary slope through density gradient in the density-based topology optimization approach. We control the boundary slope through two single global constraints. An adaptive scheme is also proposed to select the thresholds of these two boundary slope constraints. Numerical examples of linear elastic problem, heat conduction problem, and thermoelastic problems demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed formulation in controlling boundary slopes for additive manufacturing. Experimental results from metal 3D printed parts confirm that our boundary slope-based formulation is effective for controlling part self-support during printing and for affecting surface roughness of the printed parts.
REMEDIATION AND DISINFECTION OF WATER USING JET GENERATED CAVITATION (2003)

Cavitation generated by DYNAJET ® cavitating jets can greatly enhance various chemical reactions, oxidize aqueous compounds, and disrupt microorganisms. Controlled laboratory experiments have established the ability of these jets to destroy microorganisms and oxidize a broad range of compounds including pesticides, Volatile Organic Compounds, arsenic, and reduce TOC (Total Organic Carbon). Experiments were conducted using a variety of cavitating jet configurations and operating conditions. Histories of the contaminant concentration reductions and destruction of selected bacteria strains were obtained from periodic sampling. Multiple order of magnitude reduction in e. coli concentration has been demonstrated. Comparisons with ultrasonic experiments show that jet-induced cavitation can achieve oxidation with up to two orders of magnitude greater energy efficiency.
INTEGRATED PARYLENE ELECTROSTATIC PERISTALTIC PUMP (2003)

Here we present a new Parylene surface-micromachining technology and its application to an electrostatically actuated peristaltic micropump. CVD Parylene is used as the structural material; photoresist as the sacrificial material; and Cr/Au as the electrode material. This versatile process enables a peristaltic pump design in which the electrical field does not pass through the fluid. Testing shows an electrostatic pull-in voltage of 150 V for a 200 urn diameter pumping membrane. 3 and 6 phase peristaltic actuation sequences are used and pumping of both water and ethanol is demonstrated. A peak pumping rate of 2 nWmin (flow velocity of 100 pm/see) is achieved at 60 Hz for ethanol. Higher flow rates (> lOnL/min) are feasible with an improved design.
Intercomparison of measurements of NO <sub>2</sub> concentrations in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR during the NO3Comp campaign (2009)

Abstract. NO2 concentrations were measured by various instruments during the NO3Comp campaign at the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, in June 2007. Analytic methods included photolytic conversion with chemiluminescence (PC-CLD), broadband cavity ring-down spectroscopy (BBCRDS), pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS), and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). All broadband absorption spectrometers were optimized for the detection of the main target species of the campaign, NO2, but were also capable of detecting NO2 simultaneously with reduced sensitivity. NO2 mixing ratios in the chamber were within a range characteristic of polluted, urban conditions, with a maximum mixing ratio of approximately 75 ppbv. The overall agreement between measurements of all instruments was excellent. Linear fits of the combined data sets resulted in slopes that differ from unity only within the stated uncertainty of each instrument. Possible interferences from species such as water vapor and ozone were negligible under the experimental conditions.
Ribonuclease recruitment using a small molecule reduced c9ALS/FTD r(G <sub>4</sub> C <sub>2</sub> ) repeat expansion in vitro and in vivo ALS models (2021)

The most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (c9ALS/FTD) is an expanded G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub> RNA repeat [r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup>] in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (<i>C9orf72</i>), which elicits pathology through several mechanisms. Here, we developed and characterized a small molecule for targeted degradation of r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup>. The compound was able to selectively bind r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup>’s structure and to assemble an endogenous nuclease onto the target, provoking removal of the transcript by native RNA quality control mechanisms. In c9ALS patient–derived spinal neurons, the compound selectively degraded the mutant <i>C9orf72</i> allele with limited off-targets and reduced quantities of toxic dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) translated from r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup>. In vivo work in a rodent model showed that abundance of both the mutant allele harboring the repeat expansion and DPRs were selectively reduced by this compound. These results demonstrate that targeted small-molecule degradation of r(G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>)<sup>exp</sup> is a strategy for mitigating c9ALS/FTD-associated pathologies and studying disease-associated pathways in preclinical models.
An Approach to Hosting Versioned Web Services (2007)

With the growing adoption of service oriented computing, web services are becoming important building blocks of distributed applications. As these services inevitably evolve and change, service version management will increasingly become a key part of the service lifecycle. To address this versioning requirement from the service provider's point of view, we propose two key concepts. The first is to draw a distinction between a service's interface version and its implementation version. The second is to employ a tiered hosting model which echoes this structure, by introducing a version routing point in front of the actual service implementation versions. This version routing point routes versioned requests to the appropriate implementation versions. We have implemented a prototype of our approach on IBM's WebSphere Process Server and WebSphere Enterprise Service Bus. We show our results with a versioned test service to demonstrate the capabilities of our proposal.
Structured Low-Rank Matrix Factorization: Optimality, Algorithm, and Applications to Image Processing (2014)

Recently, convex solutions to low-rank matrix factorization problems have received increasing attention in machine learning. However, in many applications the data can display other structures beyond simply being low-rank. For example, im-ages and videos present complex spatio-temporal structures, which are largely ignored by current low-rank methods. In this paper we explore a matrix factorization technique suitable for large datasets that captures additional structure in the factors by using a projective tensor norm, which includes classical image regularizers such as to-tal variation and the nuclear norm as particu-lar cases. Although the resulting optimization problem is not convex, we show that under cer-tain conditions on the factors, any local mini-mizer for the factors yields a global minimizer for their product. Examples in biomedical video segmentation and hyperspectral compressed re-covery show the advantages of our approach on high-dimensional datasets. 1.
A programmable array of silicon neurons for the control of legged locomotion (2004)

The biological foundation of most natural locomotory systems is the central pattern generator (CPG). The CPG is a set of neural circuits found in the spinal cord, arranged to produce oscillatory periodic waveforms that activate muscles in a coordinated manner. A 2nd generation VLSI CPG emulator chip - with more and improved neurons, enhanced flexibility, and a higher degree of programmability - has been developed to synchronize oscillators with different frequencies and phases, also produced by the chip, through the coupling of integrate-and-fire (IF) silicon neurons. These oscillators are then used to control the movement of robot's limbs by using the IF neurons to set a specific phase difference between the oscillators. The chip's architecture is examined in detail, and the construction and implementation of the artificial neural networks that produce the waveforms required for locomotion is described.
New Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives as Potent Ghrelin Receptor Antagonists. 3. Synthesis and Pharmacological in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations (2008)

Ghrelin receptor ligands based on trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazole structure were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro binding and biological activity. In this study, we explored the replacement of the alpha-aminoisobutyryl moiety by aromatic or heteroaromatic groups. Compounds 5 and 34 acted as potent in vivo antagonists of hexarelin-stimulated food intake. These two compounds did not stimulate growth hormone secretion in rodents and did not antagonize growth hormone secretion induced by hexarelin.
Preparation of Regular Specimens for Atom Probes (2003)

A method of preparation of specimens of non-electropolishable materials for analysis by atom probes is being developed as a superior alternative to a prior method. In comparison with the prior method, the present method involves less processing time. Also, whereas the prior method yields irregularly shaped and sized specimens, the present developmental method offers the potential to prepare specimens of regular shape and size. The prior method is called the method of sharp shards because it involves crushing the material of interest and selecting microscopic sharp shards of the material for use as specimens. Each selected shard is oriented with its sharp tip facing away from the tip of a stainless-steel pin and is glued to the tip of the pin by use of silver epoxy. Then the shard is milled by use of a focused ion beam (FIB) to make the shard very thin (relative to its length) and to make its tip sharp enough for atom-probe analysis. The method of sharp shards is extremely time-consuming because the selection of shards must be performed with the help of a microscope, the shards must be positioned on the pins by use of micromanipulators, and the irregularity of size and shape necessitates many hours of FIB milling to sharpen each shard. In the present method, a flat slab of the material of interest (e.g., a polished sample of rock or a coated semiconductor wafer) is mounted in the sample holder of a dicing saw of the type conventionally used to cut individual integrated circuits out of the wafers on which they are fabricated in batches. A saw blade appropriate to the material of interest is selected. The depth of cut and the distance between successive parallel cuts is made such that what is left after the cuts is a series of thin, parallel ridges on a solid base. Then the workpiece is rotated 90 and the pattern of cuts is repeated, leaving behind a square array of square posts on the solid base. The posts can be made regular, long, and thin, as required for samples for atom-probe analysis. Because of their small volume and regularity, the amount of FIB-milling time can be much less than that of the method of sharp shards. Individual posts can be broken off for mounting in a manner similar to that of the method of sharp shards. Alternatively, the posts can be left intact on the base and the base can be cut to a small square (e.g., 3 by 3 mm) suitable for mounting in an atom probe of a type capable of accepting multiple-tip specimens. The advantage of multiple-tip specimens is the possibility of analyzing many tips without the time-consuming interchange of specimens.
<title>Magnetorheological finishing: a deterministic process for optics manufacturing</title> (1995)

Finish polishing of optics with magnetic media has evolved extensively over the past decade. Of the approaches conceived during this time, the most recently developed process is called magnetorheological finishing (MRF). In MRF, a magnetic field stiffens a fluid suspension in contact with a workpiece. The workpiece is mounted on the rotating spindle of a computer numerically controlled machine. Driven by an algorithm for machine control that contains information about the MRF process, the machine deterministically polishes out the workpiece by removing microns of subsurface damage, smoothing the surface to a microroughness of 10 angstroms rms, and correcting surface figure errors to less than 0.1 micrometers p-v. Spheres and aspheres can be processed with the same machine set-up using the appropriate machine program. This paper describes MRF and gives examples which illustrate the capabilities of a pre-prototype machine located at the Center for Optics Manufacturing.
Lower bound on the mean-squared error in oversampled quantization of periodic signals using vector quantization analysis (1996)

Oversampled analog-to-digital conversion is a technique which permits high conversion resolution using coarse quantization. Classically, by lowpass filtering the quantized oversampled signal, it is possible to reduce the quantization error power in proportion to the oversampling ratio R. In other words, the reconstruction mean-squared error (MSE) is in /spl Oscr/(R/sup -1/). It was recently found that this error reduction is not optimal. Under certain conditions, it was shown on periodic bandlimited signals that an upper bound on the MSE of optimal reconstruction is in /spl Oscr/(R/sup -2/) instead of /spl Oscr/(R/sup -1/). In the present paper, we prove on the same type of signals that the order /spl Oscr/(R/sup -2/) is the theoretical limit of reconstruction as an MSE lower bound. The proof is based on a vector-quantization approach with an analysis of partition cell density.
Systemic Antisense Therapeutics for Dystrophin and Myostatin Exon Splice Modulation Improve Muscle Pathology of Adult mdx Mice (2016)

Antisense-mediated exon skipping is a promising approach for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a rare life-threatening genetic disease due to dystrophin deficiency. Such an approach can restore the disrupted reading frame of dystrophin pre-mRNA, generating a truncated form of the protein. Alternatively, antisense therapy can be used to induce destructive exon skipping of myostatin pre-mRNA, knocking down myostatin expression to enhance muscle strength and reduce fibrosis. We have reported previously that intramuscular or intraperitoneal antisense administration inducing dual exon skipping of dystrophin and myostatin pre-mRNAs was beneficial in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, although therapeutic effects were muscle type restricted, possibly due to the delivery routes used. Here, following systemic intravascular antisense treatment, muscle strength and body activity of treated adult mdx mice increased to the levels of healthy controls. Importantly, hallmarks of muscular dystrophy were greatly improved in mice receiving the combined exon-skipping therapy, as compared to those receiving dystrophin antisense therapy alone. Our results support the translation of antisense therapy for dystrophin restoration and myostatin inhibition into the clinical setting for DMD.
Novel Method for Preventing Macro-Cell Chloride Induced Corrosion in the Simulated Repaired Reinforced Concrete Patch and Its Electrochemical Verification (2012)

This research paper introduces a successfully developed patch repair technique for the chloride contaminated reinforced concrete to avoid macro cell corrosion in the repaired reinforced concrete patches in actual field construction. From the experiment results it is corroborated that by putting buffer at contact steel area between the contaminated concrete and repaired concrete patch there is no development of macro cell corrosion in the repaired concrete patch which was found earlier when no buffer was used. The method developed is also verified in this paper by the help of electrochemical experimentation. This new technique which is presented in this paper is novel and has practical implications that need to be considered for an effective and durable repair.
Quantitative ultrasound parametric images of cancellous bone compared to X-ray computed tomography (1994)

Quantitative ultrasound is a radiation free technique able to assess skeletal properties that may not be reflected by other measurements like X-ray absorptiometry or quantitative computed tomography. We have previously shown that quantitative images of ultrasound velocity and attenuation is a precise method to characterize a heterogeneous medium such as the calcaneus. The present study compares the images of ultrasonic properties with the X-ray computed tomography (CT) images from 15 calcanei removed from cadavers (age ranging from 69 to 89). The values of velocity, attenuation and bone mineral density (BMD) were averaged over regions of interest (ROI) which were exactly matched for the three images. The correlation coefficient between attenuation and velocity was r=0.98, between attenuation and BMD r=0.43 and between velocity and BMD r=0.91. The observed correlation coefficients between ultrasound and QCT were highly significant (p<10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> ), but it leaves about 15% to 20% of the variability of ultrasound parameters unexplained by the BMD variation. The technique also yielded elasticity images of bone. Elasticity images were obtained by combining ultrasonic scanning measurement of the local velocity of sound in the sample with X-ray computed tomographic measurement of its local mass density. Elasticity mapping might be useful for modelling with finite elements the elastic behaviour of bone and to compute local stresses and overall deformations
PV conversion of energetic photons of the solar spectrum (2008)

The nowadays quite indispensable enhancement of PV conversion efficiency cannot be obtained without new mechanisms. The most useful of these mechanisms have to appear in the front face of the device, i.e. in the emitter, so as to allow exploitation of the energetic photons of the solar spectrum. Such an improvement can be realized through a multistage PV conversion starting by primary generation (photon absorption) followed by secondary generations (hot carrier collisions with low-energy generation centers). This cascade-like process is possible, for example, in multiinterface devices containing several emitter strata. Some of these strata assume the primary free-carrier generation while others do the secondary free-carrier generation. In this work we report investigations of new mechanisms based on I(V) curves measured on test samples with different multiinterface architectures, electronic passivations, front grids, collecting electrodes and so on. The measurements have been performed under a variable intensity incident light beam conserving always its spectral (solar) composition, except for analogous measurement cycle without a UV component. The same beam intensities with a filtered UV component complemented these investigations. The measurements have been compared with those of a weak excitation from a typical halogen lamp (relatively stable flux without a UV component). The test structures show a clear improvement of the PV conversion in the UV range induced by impact ionization within the superficial nanostratum.
High frequency resonant waveguide grating imager for assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity (2014)

We report a high-frequency resonant waveguide grating imager for assessing compound-induced cardiotoxicity. The imager sweeps the wavelength range from 823 nm to 838 nm every 3 s to identify and monitor compound-induced shifts in resonance wavelength and then switch to the intensity-imaging mode to detect the beating rhythm and proarrhythmic effects of compounds on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. This opens possibility to study cardiovascular biology and compound-induced cardiotoxicity.
Use of uniformly sized muscle fiber fragments for restoration of muscle tissue function (2019)

Treatment of extensive muscle loss due to traumatic injury, congenital defects, or tumor ablations is clinically challenging. The current treatment standard is grafting of autologous muscle flaps; however, significant donor site morbidity and graft tissue availability remain a problem. Alternatively, muscle fiber therapy has been attempted to treat muscle injury by transplanting single fibers into the defect site. However, irregularly organized long fibers resulted in low survivability due to delay in vascular and neural integration, thus limiting the therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, no effective method is available to permanently restore extensive muscle injuries. To address the current limitations, we developed a novel method that produces uniformly sized native muscle fiber fragments (MFFs) for muscle transplantation. We hypothesized that fragmentation of muscle fibers into small and uniformly sized fragments would allow for rapid reassembly and efficient engraftment within the defect site, resulting in accelerated recovery of muscle function. Our results demonstrate that the processed MFFs have a dimension of approximately 100 μm and contain living muscle cells on extracellular matrices. In preclinical animal studies using volumetric defect and urinary incontinence models, histological and functional analyses confirmed that the transplanted MFFs into the injury sites were able to effectively integrate with host muscle tissue, vascular, and neural systems, which resulted in significant improvement of muscle function and mass. These results indicate that the MFF technology platform is a promising therapeutic option for the restoration of muscle function and can be applied to various muscle defect and injury cases.
Anti-angiogenic activity of PSA-derived peptides (2015)

The interaction of a hydrophilic domain on the surface of the PSA molecule with a target on the cell membrane of prostate endothelial and epithelial cells was responsible for the anti-angiogenic or anti-tumorigenic activity of PSA: enzymatic activity was not associated with anti-angiogenic effects. Furthermore, since PSA and ACT are both expressed within the human prostate tissue microenvironment, the balance of their expression may represent a mechanism for endogenous regulation of tissue angiogenesis.