gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency doubling of He - Ne laser radiation at 632.8 nm (1996)

Second harmonic generation (SHG) obtained using a potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) nonlinear crystal from a CW He - Ne laser as a pump source, which emits at 632.8 nm, is reported. The SHG efficiency at the power of the He - Ne laser utilized (18 mW) and the fundamental beam waist available (0.1 mm), was evaluated theoretically; the same efficiency was measured experimentally obtaining a value of , in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Adhesives aid robotic bonding of flexible circuits (1988)

THE USE of engineering adhesives in manufacturing is seen to be a major area of growth, at the expense of conventional fastening techniques such as screwing, welding and riveting. Similarly, flexible circuits are also seen to be set to grow in use as manufacturers seek to cram in more electronics and functions into ever‐smaller and more complex packages.
Arsenic trioxide and low‐dose cytarabine in older patients with untreated acute myeloid leukemia, excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia (2008)

The addition of arsenic trioxide to low-dose cytarabine appeared to improve responses in elderly patients who had AML compared with either agent alone, and a randomized trial of the combination versus single-agent low-dose cytarabine is ongoing.
On the (im)possibility of obfuscating programs (2012)

Informally, an obfuscator O is an (efficient, probabilistic) “compiler” that takes as input a program (or circuit) P and produces a new program O ( P ) that has the same functionality as P yet is “unintelligible” in some sense. Obfuscators, if they exist, would have a wide variety of cryptographic and complexity-theoretic applications, ranging from software protection to homomorphic encryption to complexity-theoretic analogues of Rice's theorem. Most of these applications are based on an interpretation of the “unintelligibility” condition in obfuscation as meaning that O ( P ) is a “virtual black box,” in the sense that anything one can efficiently compute given O ( P ), one could also efficiently compute given oracle access to P . In this work, we initiate a theoretical investigation of obfuscation. Our main result is that, even under very weak formalizations of the above intuition, obfuscation is impossible. We prove this by constructing a family of efficient programs P that are unobfuscatable in the sense that (a) given any efficient program P ' that computes the same function as a program P ∈ p , the “source code” P can be efficiently reconstructed, yet (b) given oracle access to a (randomly selected) program P ∈ p , no efficient algorithm can reconstruct P (or even distinguish a certain bit in the code from random) except with negligible probability. We extend our impossibility result in a number of ways, including even obfuscators that (a) are not necessarily computable in polynomial time, (b) only approximately preserve the functionality, and (c) only need to work for very restricted models of computation ( TC 0 ). We also rule out several potential applications of obfuscators, by constructing “unobfuscatable” signature schemes, encryption schemes, and pseudorandom function families.
Paclitaxel Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of the F8-IL2 Immunocytokine to EDA-Fibronectin–Positive Metastatic Human Melanoma Xenografts (2012)

The selective delivery of bioactive agents to tumors reduces toxicity and enhances the efficacy of anticancer therapies. In this study, we show that the antibody F8, which recognizes perivascular and stromal EDA-fibronectin (EDA-Fn), when conjugated to interleukin-2 (F8-IL2) can effectively inhibit the growth of EDA-Fn-expressing melanomas in combination with paclitaxel. We obtained curative effects with paclitaxel administered before the immunocytokine. Coadministration of paclitaxel increased the uptake of F8 in xenografted melanomas, enhancing tumor perfusion and permeability. Paclitaxel also boosted the recruitment of F8-IL2-induced natural killer (NK) cells to the tumor, suggesting a host response as part of the observed therapeutic benefit. In support of this likelihood, NK cell depletion impaired the antitumor effect of paclitaxel plus F8-IL2. Importantly, this combination reduced both the tumor burden and the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules. The combination did not cause cumulative toxicity. Together, our findings offer a preclinical proof that by acting on the tumor stroma paclitaxel potentiates the antitumor activity elicited by a targeted delivery of IL2, thereby supporting the use of immunochemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Recent Developments in Ultrasonic Spectroscopy (1979)

Despite pessimism expressed about the future of ultrasonic spectroscopy as a technique of nondestructive testing, some real progress has been made towards practical applications. Firstly broad-band techniques are an aid to the use of ultra-short (150 ns) pulses which give improvement in time-domain resolution. Examples are given from the characterisation of surfacebreaking cracks and the testing of adhesive-bonded joints. Secondly, frequency analysis of broad-band echoes has given encouraging results i n a few practical cases, in particular where the target is two-dimensional. Examples are given from layered structures, including ocrrosion and adhesivebonded joints, as well as from surface-breaking cracks. Studies of the propagation of ultra-short pulses show that a rteface echoes can pollute both the time domain echoes and the spectra.
Visualization of Calcium Ion Loss from Rotavirus during Cell Entry (2018)

Bound calcium ions stabilize many nonenveloped virions. Loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from these particles appears to be a regulated part of entry or uncoating. The outer layer of an infectious rotavirus triple-layered particle (TLP) comprises a membrane-interacting protein (VP4) anchored by a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-stabilized protein (VP7). Membrane-coupled conformational changes in VP4 (cleaved to VP8* and VP5*) and dissociation of VP4 and VP7 accompany penetration of the double-layered inner capsid particle (DLP) into the cytosol. Removal of Ca<sup>2+</sup><i>in vitro</i> strips away both outer layer proteins; we and others have postulated that the loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> triggers molecular events in viral penetration. We have now investigated, with the aid of a fluorescent Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor, the timing of Ca<sup>2+</sup> loss from entering virions with respect to the dissociation of VP4 and VP7. In live-cell imaging experiments, distinct fluorescent markers on the DLP and on VP7 report on outer layer dissociation and DLP release. The Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor, placed on VP5*, monitors the Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration within the membrane-bound vesicle enclosing the entering particle. Slow (1-min duration) loss of Ca<sup>2+</sup> precedes the onset of VP7 dissociation by about 2 min and DLP release by about 7 min. Coupled with our previous results showing that VP7 loss follows tight binding to the cell surface by about 5 min, these data indicate that Ca<sup>2+</sup> loss begins as soon as the particle has become fully engulfed within the uptake vesicle. We discuss the implications of these findings for the molecular mechanism of membrane disruption during viral entry.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Nonenveloped viruses penetrate into the cytosol of the cells that they infect by disrupting the membrane of an intracellular compartment. The molecular mechanisms of membrane disruption remain largely undefined. Functional reconstitution of infectious rotavirus particles (TLPs) from RNA-containing core particles (DLPs) and the outer layer proteins that deliver them into a cell makes these important pediatric pathogens particularly good models for studying nonenveloped virus entry. We report here how the use of a fluorescent Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensor, covalently linked to one of the viral proteins, allows us to establish, using live-cell imaging, the timing of Ca<sup>2+</sup> loss from an entering particle and other molecular events in the entry pathway. Specific Ca<sup>2+</sup> binding stabilizes many other viruses of eukaryotes, and Ca<sup>2+</sup> loss appears to be a trigger for steps in penetration or uncoating. The experimental design that we describe may be useful for studying entry of other viral pathogens.
Anti-Hebbian learning in topologically constrained linear networks: a tutorial (1993)

Using standard results from the adaptive signal processing literature, we review the learning behavior of various constrained linear neural networks made up of anti-Hebbian synapses, where learning is driven by the criterion of minimizing the node information energy. We point out how simple learning rules of Hebbian type can provide fast self-organization, under rather wide connectivity constraints. We verify the results of the theory in a set of simulations.
Offline bilingual word vectors, orthogonal transformations and the inverted softmax (2017)

Usually bilingual word vectors are trained "online". Mikolov et al. showed they can also be found "offline", whereby two pre-trained embeddings are aligned with a linear transformation, using dictionaries compiled from expert knowledge. In this work, we prove that the linear transformation between two spaces should be orthogonal. This transformation can be obtained using the singular value decomposition. We introduce a novel "inverted softmax" for identifying translation pairs, with which we improve the precision @1 of Mikolov's original mapping from 34% to 43%, when translating a test set composed of both common and rare English words into Italian. Orthogonal transformations are more robust to noise, enabling us to learn the transformation without expert bilingual signal by constructing a "pseudo-dictionary" from the identical character strings which appear in both languages, achieving 40% precision on the same test set. Finally, we extend our method to retrieve the true translations of English sentences from a corpus of 200k Italian sentences with a precision @1 of 68%.
Laser peen forming for 2D shaping and micro adjustment (2007)

Laser peen forming has been carried out on 0.075mm thick steel samples, using relatively low power Nd:YAG lasers at 1064nm, 532nm and 355nm wavelengths. The process was found to produce a bend angle up to approximately 20 degrees, depending upon the amount of passes and laser parameters used. The results from these experiments have been compared to samples formed using continuous wave thermal forming. The results showed that laser peen forming could take place with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser, which uses less energy than a laser used for thermal forming, and that the laser peen formed samples do not have evidence of heat affected zones or changes to the bulk material, both seen with laser thermal forming. This indicates that the laser peen forming process is largely athermal or non-thermal, as there is very little heat input into the samples except for decolorisation of the surface due to the plasma generated in the process. A parameter window has been established for laser peen forming on 0.075mm thick steel using a 1064nm wavelength. The effect that the process has on the surface of the material is also being analysed using optical interferomety and scanning probe microscopy.
Immunoglobulin E in Extracts of Feces from Children (1984)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was demonstrated by a double antibody radioimmunoassay technique (PRIST) in 5 of 17 unconcentrated fecal extracts from children. Four of the PRIST-positive extracts also had measurable levels of IgE determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (Enzygnost IgE). However, using a competitive antibody radioimmunoassay technique (RIST), IgE was found in all unconcentrated fecal extracts. The RIST-IgE levels of the extracts were higher and did not correlate to IgE measured by the other methods, nor to the IgE in serum from the same children or to the manifestation of allergy. On the other hand, 4 of the 5 children with measurable PRIST-IgE levels, and 3 of the 4 children with detectable Enzygnost IgE concentrations in the extracts, had elevated serum IgE as well as a history of allergy. Gel filtration studies indicated that IgE determined by the PRIST and Enzygnost IgE methods had been degraded to fragments of lower molecular weight than that of albumin. This study also suggests that the IgE in feces measured by the RIST method is overestimated due to the influence from nonspecific substances of high molecular weight.
Dynamic mitigation of EDFA power excursions with machine learning (2017)

Dynamic optical networking has promising potential to support the rapidly changing traffic demands in metro and long-haul networks. However, the improvement in dynamicity is hindered by wavelength-dependent power excursions in gain-controlled erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) when channels change rapidly. We introduce a general approach that leverages machine learning (ML) to characterize and mitigate the power excursions of EDFA systems with different equipment and scales. An ML engine is developed and experimentally validated to show accurate predictions of the power dynamics in cascaded EDFAs. Recommended channel provisioning based on the ML predictions achieves within 1% error of the lowest possible power excursion over 94% of the time. We also showcase significant mitigation of EDFA power excursions in super-channel provisioning when compared to the first-fit wavelength assignment algorithm.
Electromagnetic radiation study of Intel Dual Die CPU with heatsink (2008)

This paper presents an advanced electromagnetic study of Intel Pentium Dual Die CPU. Leading beyond the previous work, an improved structure modelled for the novel generation of Intel Pentium Dual Die CPU is extracted which acts as a patch antenna with high radiation frequency. It is also figured as an upgraded structure for the IEEE challenging problem with multi-core processor on the radiative EMI. The model geometry is extracted from the data sheet of real chip with some approximation. With the help of HFSS, modelling and simulation are accomplished by means of FEM in frequency domain.
TEAM: a traffic engineering automated manager for diffserv-based MPLS networks (2004)

In this article an automated manager called traffic engineering automated manager (TEAM) for DiffServ/MPLS networks is introduced, and its design and implementation details are discussed. TEAM is designed for complete automated management of an Internet domain. TEAM is an adaptive manager that provides the required quality of service to the users and reduces the congestion in the network. The former is achieved by reserving bandwidth resources for the requests and the latter by distributing the load efficiently. These goals are achieved by online measurements of the network state. TEAM is composed of a traffic engineering tool (TET), which adaptively manages the bandwidth and routes in the network, a measurement and performance evaluation tool (MPET), which measures important parameters in the network and inputs them to the TET, and a simulation tool (ST), which may be used by TET to consolidate its decisions. These three tools work in synergy to achieve the desired network operation objectives. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of TEAM as a network manager in different and unpredictable traffic conditions at the expense of a limited increase in the computational complexity and costs.
Circulating endothelin-1 levels in systemic sclerosis subsets--a marker of fibrosis or vascular dysfunction? (1994)

The presence of significantly raised sET-1 levels in patients with dcSSc with widespread fibrosis and patients with lcSSc with hypertensive disease and the relationship seen between sET-1 levels and markers of fibrosis and vascular damage suggest that ET-1 may be important in the pathogenesis of both the fibrotic and vascular manifestations in SSc.
Nanostructure-enhanced laser tweezers for efficient trapping and alignment of particles (2010)

We propose and demonstrate a purely optical approach to trap and align particles using the interaction of polarized light with periodic nanostructures to generate enhanced trapping force. With a weakly focused laser beam, we observed efficient trapping and transportation of polystyrene beads with sizes ranging from 10 mum down to 190 nm as well as cancer cell nuclei. In addition, alignment of non-spherical dielectric particles to a 1-D periodic nanostructure was achieved with low laser intensity without attachment to birefringent crystals. Bacterial cells were trapped and aligned with incident optical intensity as low as 17 microW/microm(2).
一个完美而标准的生命——记诺贝尔生理和医学奖获得者巴巴拉·麦克林托克 (1997)

本文谈的是巴巴拉·麦克林托克——一位科学家,一位被她的同事认为是自行其事和忱于幻想的人,同一门科学——遗传学——这两者怎样相互影响的故事。遗传学在最近数十年里,由于其令人惊奇的发展和戏剧性的变化而崭露头角。书中写到的人及其研究的领域都诞生于本世纪初年,并在协调一致和共同繁荣中进入了成年。在麦克林托克还是一介青年科学家的时候,就已达到了公认的水平,这在当时是没有妇女能够想象的。但后来的岁月却把她和她的研究领域带到了独特而歧异的道路上去。麦克林托克于是悄然引退了。今天,在她和遗传学分路三十年之后,又会合到了一起,而麦克林托克的名字又回到了现代生物学的中心。巴巴拉·麦克林托克开始研究,并且在实际上帮助创立遗传学(还有细胞学)这门在那时还很年轻的学科是相当早的。当她被国家科学研究院授予金伯奖时,她的同事马库斯·罗兹概括了她从二十岁到三十岁之间所取得的成就。他写到:在巴巴拉·麦克林托克惊人的,卓越的研究工作中,最值得注意的就是这些研究全部出自她自己的劳动。她在没有任何技术方
A Low Voltage Evaluation of a 1.9 GHz Silicon MOSFET Gilbert Cell Downconversion Mixer (1996)

The mixer presented has the highest reported frequency of operation for a CMOS mixer (1.9 GHz) and the lowest reported noise figure for a CMOS Gilbert cell mixer (SSB NF of 7.8 dB). The paper describes a 1.9 GHz monolithic double balanced Gilbert cell downconverting mixer, fabricated with a standard 0.8 ?m CMOS process, operating over a range of supply voltages from 1.8 V to 5 V. The mixer has conversion gain at 1.9 GHz for voltages as low as 1.8 V with a LO drive of -8 dBm while dissipating 4.3 mW in the Gilbert Cell.
HEDTA–Nitrilotriacetic Acid Chelator‐Buffered Nutrient Solution for Zinc Deficiency Evaluation in Rice (2001)

Chelator‐buffering methods with N ‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ethylenedinitrilotriacetic acid (HEDTA) are used to elucidate Poaceae growth response to micronutrient metal activities including (Zn 2+ ), but reliable hydroponic methods that maintain stable (Zn 2+ ) for evaluating Zn deficiency in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) have not been reported. The objective was to develop a chelator‐buffered method that gauges rice growth response to (Zn 2+ ) in an otherwise chemically stable environment. Using GEOCHEM‐PC to estimate solution activities, an aerobic HEDTA–nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) dual‐chelator method was developed that imposed five (Zn 2+ ) levels on cv. IR‐36 seedlings for 21 d after transplanting (DAT) in a growth chamber. Control of pH 5.50 ± 0.05 using 3.0 m M 2‐(4‐morpholino)‐ethanesulfonic acid (MES) combined with periodic adjustment was critical to preserving target (Zn 2+ ). Solution treatments ranged from Zn deficient, where (Zn 2+ ) = 10 −10.0 M (0.25 μ M total chelated Zn), to fully Zn sufficient where (Zn 2+ ) = 10 −8.8 M (4.00 μ M total chelated Zn). Using 200.0 μ M total chelated Fe(III), adequate Fe was maintained at (Fe 3+ ) = 10 −14.3 M Phosphorous supply was controlled to prevent toxic P accumulation at low (Zn 2+ ). With increasing (Zn 2+ ), total biomass at 21 d ranged from 0.94 to 1.90 g plant −1 Shoot Zn responded to (Zn 2+ ), not total chelated Zn 2+ , and roots responded similarly. Critical (Zn 2+ ) for normal growth was 10 −9.1 M , and leaf Zn‐deficiency symptoms were observed at (Zn 2+ ) ≤10 −9.4 M (≤28 mg Zn kg −1 shoot). The HEDTA‐NTA method provides a rapid and reliable means for evaluating Zn deficiency tolerance in IR‐36 via diagnostic visual and physical symptoms in response to a range of (Zn 2+ ) levels.
Long-Range Shielding Effects in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectra of Mosher-like Ester Derivatives (2010)

The relative magnitudes of the chemical shift differences (Deltadeltas) in the two diastereomers of menthyl esters of known chiral derivatizing agents (CDAs) were compared to those of the alpha-methoxy-alpha-trifluoromethyl-1-naphthylacetyl (MTN((1))A) analogues I. Discrimination of the terminal diastereotopic methyl resonances in esters of the homologous, symmetrical carbinols II was evaluated. Remarkably, the methyls differed in the MTN((1))A esters III even when n = 15; an unexpected crossover in the sign of the Deltadelta values was also observed.
A trial of inhaled budesonide on airway responsiveness in smokers with chronic bronchitis (1989)

The aim of the present randomized, double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of inhaled budesonide on daily symptoms, ventilatory capacity, and airway responsiveness in smokers with chronic bronchitis. Twenty-five subjects with a provocative concentration producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second PC20(FEV1) less than 2.0 mg.ml-1, by bronchial histamine challenge, were included. Eighteen subjects accomplished the entire 12 week study, eight receiving inhaled budesonide 400 micrograms b.i.d. and ten receiving placebo. Cough decreased significantly in the actively treated group during the treatment period, but no change could be demonstrated in expectoration, dyspnoea, or sleep disturbances. No changes in any of these symptoms were found in the placebo group, and no differences in symptoms scores were found between the groups. No significant differences in ventilatory capacity or bronchial responsiveness could be demonstrated. In conclusion, a moderately high dose of inhaled steroid in eight subjects with chronic bronchitis did not improve the symptom scores, ventilatory capacity, or airway responsiveness to any clinically relevant degree.
[Further study on heterogeneic basis of complement C8 beta deficiency]. (2004)

These two mutations, which create a termination codon, are sufficient to explain the complete C8 beta deficiency in both patients.
Phage Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Ultrahigh-Temperature-Treated and Raw Milk (2013)

Escherichia coli can contaminate raw milk during the milking process or via environmental contamination in milk-processing facilities. Three bacteriophages, designated EC6, EC9, and EC11, were investigated for their ability to inhibit the growth of three strains of E. coli in ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) treated and raw bovine milk. A cocktail of the three phages completely inhibited E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli O127:H6 in UHT milk at 25 °C and under refrigeration temperatures (5-9 °C). The phage cocktail produced similar results in raw milk; however, E. coli ATCC 25922 and O127:H6 in raw milk controls also declined to below the level of detection at both temperatures. This observation indicated that competition by the raw milk microbiota might have contributed to the decline in viable E. coli cells. A cocktail containing EC6 and EC9 completely inhibited E. coli O5:H-, an enterohemorrhagic strain, in UHT milk at both temperatures. In raw milk, the phage cocktail initially inhibited growth of E. coli O5:H- but regrowth occurred following incubation for 9 h at 25 °C and 144 h at 5-9 °C. In contrast to the other E. coli strains, O5:H- was not inhibited in the raw milk controls. This study demonstrates that bacteriophages are effective biocontrol agents against E. coli host strains in UHT and raw bovine milk at various storage temperatures.
Characterisation of antibacterial substances in honey (1984)

Identification de deux types de substances inhibitrices (inhibines) et essai d'elucidation de leur structure chimique. Stabilite a la chaleur et a la lumiere
Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Schizophrenia (2017)

Under mendelian randomization assumptions, our findings suggest a protective effect of CRP and a risk-increasing effect of sIL-6R (potentially mediated at least in part by CRP) on schizophrenia risk. It is possible that such effects are a result of increased susceptibility to early life infection.
Mobile work efficiency (2011)

This workshop is a forum of multi-disciplinary discussion on how mobile devices can increase perceived work efficiency (PWE), as well as how this subjective enhancement can be measured. It brings together practitioners and researchers from different domains interested in researching perceived workflow efficiency in the mobile context. The overall aim is to create a common base, as well as further extend the research agenda for work efficiency enhancement with the assistance of mobile devices both from a scientific, as well as from an industrial perspective.