gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IDH-wild type low grade gliomas: An AINO (Italian Association of Neuro-Oncology) retrospective study. (2018)

2050 Background: Information regarding clinical characteristics and response to treatments of IDH-wild type grade II gliomas are still lacking. This national retrospective study aimed to investigate natural history, management, factors affecting response to treatments and outcome of a cohort of WHO grade II IDH-wild type glioma patients. Methods: We collected all clinical data of patients diagnosed with WHO grade II IDH-wild type glioma from 1999 to 2017 in six major Italian Institutions. IDH mutation was assessed by either immunohistochemistry or sequencing (in cases with negative immunohistochemistry). Exclusion criteria were the presence of minimal anaplastic foci or radiological features of HGGs. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-regression models were used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Overall, 194 patients were collected and ultimately 122 met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 45 years. Non-enhancing tumors on MRI accounted for 74% while 26% had minimal/mild contrast enhancement. Surgery consisted in gross total resection in 29%, partial/subtotal in 45%, biopsy in 24%, and unknown in 2%. According to WHO 2007 astrocytomas were 44%, oligodendrogliomas 35%, and mixed gliomas 21%. MGMT methylation was available in 68% of patients and in 40% of them was methylated. Post-surgical management consisted in watch and wait in 42%, chemoradiation in 21%, chemotherapy alone in 21%, radiotherapy alone in 5%, radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy in 5%, and 6% unknown. Median time of follow-up was 31 months. Progressive disease was observed in 64% of patients. Median PFS was 24.0 months (1.2 – 147.0), and median OS was 45.3 months (1.0 – 225.6). Factors positively associated with PFS and OS in univariate analysis were younger age, absence of contrast enhancement, and gross total resection. Age and extent of surgery retained a statistically significant importance in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: WHO grade II IDH-wild type gliomas have worse outcome compared with IDH-mutant tumors. This is the first study that details clinical and radiological presentation of this rare subgroup of tumors and suggests that gross total resection is critical in improving survival.
우주법과 정책의 주요과제와 전개방향에 관한 연구 (1993)

The paper is to study and analyze the major issues and current problems of space law and policy to suggest the direction of Korean aerospace policy for future development facing the 21st century of air and space industry. It briefs the development of aerospace science and space law. It also outlines the special characteristics and present status of space law. It further reviews the regulatory regime of commercial space carriers, international telecommunication satelite and space environmental problems. Finally, it suggests the future directions of Korean space policy to develop as one of leading space countrices in the 21st century.
Rydberg-blockade effects in Autler-Townes spectra of ultracold strontium (2016)

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the effects of Rydberg interactions on Autler-Townes spectra of ultracold gases of atomic strontium. Realizing two-photon Rydberg excitation via a long-lived triplet state allows us to probe the regime where Rydberg state decay presents the dominant decoherence mechanism. The effects of Rydberg interactions are observed in shifts, asymmetries, and broadening of the measured atom-loss spectra. The experiment is analyzed within a one-body density-matrix approach, accounting for interaction-induced level shifts and dephasing through nonlinear terms that approximately incorporate correlations due to the Rydberg blockade. This description yields good agreement with our experimental observations for short excitation times. For longer excitation times, the loss spectrum is altered qualitatively, suggesting additional dephasing mechanisms beyond the standard blockade mechanism based on pure van der Waals interactions.
ГЕОЛОКАЦИЯЛЫҚ МӘЛІМЕТКЕЖҮКТЕЛГЕН ПРОГРАММАЛЫҚ ҚАМТАМАСЫЗДАНДЫРУ (2023)

"Ғылыми жұмыс пайдаланушылардың орналасқан жері туралы мәліметтерге негізделген программалық қамтамасыздандыруды жобалау мақсатында HTML5 Geolocation бағдарламалық интерфейсін қолдану тәжірибесі негізінде геолокациялық жүйелерді әзірлеудің практикалық әдістеріне арналған. Түрлі веб-браузерлердің осы интерфейсімен жұмыс істеу мүмкіндіктерін талдау нәтижелері ұсынылды. HTML5 Geolocation қолданатын геолокациялық қосымшалардың архитектурасын, яғни Blindr танысу веб қосымшасын жобалау бойынша практикалық ұсыныстар берілді, сондай-ақ координаттарды анықтаудың барлық пайдаланылатын әдістері қаралды.Геолокация туралы бөлімі бар HTML5 спецификациясының алдын ала нұсқасы шыққаннан кейін геолокация құралдарына қол жеткізудің бірыңғай интерфейсін пайдаланатын веб-бағдарламаларды жасау мүмкіндігі қарастырылған. Мақалада пайдаланушының орналасқан жерін есептеу үшін HTML5 Geolocation API интерфейсін пайдаланатын қосымшаларды әзірлеу принциптері қарастырылады.Автор геолокация және оны қазіргі заманғы ақпараттық технологияларда қолданылуна талдауларын ұсынады. Геолокация - Интернет желісімен қосылған компьютердің немесе IPмекенжай, MAC-мекенжай, сондай-ақ бағдарламалық және аппараттық қамтамасыз етуге енгізілген деректер немесе басқа ақпарат негізінде алынатын ұтқыр құрылғының географиялық орнына анализ жасалады. Геолокациялықжүйенің негізгідерек қорының құрылымына сипаттама беріледі. Мақаладажаңа геолокация алгоритмдері қарастырылады.LBMS пайданушылар статистикасы ұсынылады. Жүргізілген анализ бен талдаулар геолокация ақпаратына негізделген құрылғы тақырыбынның дамуына үлес қосып жүрген мамандар мен әзірлеушілерге арналған. Кілтті сөздер: геолокация, пайдаланушы, HTML5 Geolocation, веб қосымша, GPS, Geolocation API. "
Structure-Based Drug Design for Dopamine D3 Receptor (2012)

D2-like receptors are members of dopamine receptors, including dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), and dopamine D4 receptor (D4R), which modulate behavior, cognition, and emotion. D2-like receptors are critical targets for drug development. Particularly, D3R has been identified as a therapeutic target for antipsychotic and anti-parkinsonian drugs. Recently, the crystal structure of D3R was reported. Here we summarize the available active compounds for D3R and the structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies of them. This provides lead templates for further chemical modification. We describe the structure features of the recent crystal structure of D3R and its difference from other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We provide the recognition mechanism of the inhibitors of D3R (molecular docking results and molecular dynamics results), which illustrates the interaction between the inhibitors and critical residues of D3R. Finally, we summarize the outlook of drug development for D3R. Our study provides useful information for developing high selective, high potent antagonists and agonists of D3R.
Current state of the art and enduring issues in anthropometric data collection (2016)

<p>El estudio del tamaño y la forma del cuerpo humano ha sido un tema de investigación durante un tiempo muy largo. En el pasado, la antropometría utilizó técnicas de medición tradicionales para registrar las dimensiones del cuerpo humano y reportó la variación en las dimensiones del cuerpo en función de la media y la desviación estándar. Hoy en día, el estudio de las dimensiones del cuerpo humano se puede llevar a cabo utilizando maneras más eficientes, como los escáneres tridimensionales del cuerpo, que pueden proporcionar grandes cantidades de datos antropométricos más rápidamente que las técnicas tradicionales. En este trabajo se presenta una descripción de la amplia gama de temas relacionados con la recogida de datos antropométricos utilizando escáneres tridimensionales del cuerpo, incluyendo los diferentes tipos de tecnologías disponibles y sus implicaciones, el proceso de digitalización estándar necesario para la captura efectiva de datos, y las posibles fuentes de los errores de medición que podrán afectar la fiabilidad y validez de los datos recogidos.</p>
Electromagnetic interference shielding of segregated polymer composite with an ultralow loading of<i>in situ</i>thermally reduced graphene oxide (2014)

An in situ thermally reduced graphene/polyethylene conductive composite with a segregated structure was fabricated, which achieved a high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of up to 28.3-32.4 dB at an ultralow graphene loading of 0.660 vol.%. Our work suggests a new way of effectively using graphene.
Estrogens Modulate the Responsiveness of <i>in vivo</i> Recorded Striatal Neurons to lontophoretic Application of Dopamine in Rats: Role of D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub>2 Receptor Activation (1990)

Abstract Estrogens are known to affect the functioning of the extrapyramidal motor system. Their actions concern both pre- and postsynaptic components of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurotransmission. Postsynaptically, estradiol alters the electrophysiological responses of striatal neurons to dopamine application. The aim of this study was to determine the respective roles of D(1) and D(2) receptor subtypes in this modification of dopamine action. Eighty-three spontaneously firing caudate neurons of ovariectomized female rats were extracellularly recorded during iontophoretic ejection of dopamine or dopaminergic agonists or antagonists. Between 5 and 10 h after a single 17beta-estradiol injection (60 mug/kg), the predominant effect of dopamine was an activation of firing (63%), and the distribution of responses significantly differed from controls and from neurons recorded less than 5 h after estradiol injection (P<0.001) on which dopamine mainly elicited inhibitory effects (71% and 63%, respectively). The excitatory effects of dopamine on this subset of spontaneously firing striatal neurons were blocked by the D(1) antagonist SCH 23390 (56%), whereas the inhibitory actions were antagonized by sulpiride (62%), whose isolated application often had an excitatory effect (54%). The distributions of the responses to specific D(1) or D(2) agonists were not altered by estrogen treatment: the predominant effect of the D(2) agonist RU 24213 was in all groups a reduction of firing rate (54%), and the D(1) agonist SKF 38393 mainly induced either a decrease in mean firing rate (21%) or a biphasic effect consisting on an excitation-inhibition sequence (53%). These results suggest that estradiol does not qualitatively alter the coupling of D(1) or D(2) receptors to their electrophysiological effectors, but rather quantitatively changes the ratio between the D(1) and D(2) receptor-mediated components of dopamine actions, reinforcing the D(1) and/or attenuating the D(2) receptor-mediated component.
Quantum dots decorated with pathogen associated molecular patterns as fluorescent synthetic pathogen models (2010)

We attached the pathogen associated molecular pattern Kdo(2)-Lipid A (the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli (E. coli)) to QDs by hydrophobic interactions to synthetically mimic the surface of E. coli. QD-LPS conjugates bind, are taken up and activate effectively macrophages in vitro and they have potent immunostimulatory activity in vivo.
A New Blood Collection Device Minimizes Cellular <scp>DNA</scp> Release During Sample Storage and Shipping When Compared to a Standard Device (2013)

BCTs prevent increases in gDNA levels that can occur during sample storage and shipping. This new device permits low abundance DNA target detection and allows accurate cfDNA concentrations.
Current Measurement in Control and Monitoring of Piezoelectric Actuators (2008)

This thesis discusses the usability of current measurement in controlling and monitoring piezoelectric actuators. Current measurement contains information about the actuator and its environment. This work presents methods for utilizing the information in several control applications used in microrobotics, such as displacement control and external force estimation. The importance of current measurement is also discussed in context with piezoactuator -related problems, such as self-heating.\n\nAfter an introduction to the topic, an electromechanical model of a piezoelectric actuator is presented. The model summarizes the different effects and inputs that affect the output of piezoelectric actuators. The model is later utilized as basis for the development of more specialized models for several control applications.\n\nThis thesis presents several control schemes which utilize current measurement in displacement control. The control methods utilize inverse actuator models to estimate the current required for the actuator to move as desired. The experiment results are very good: hysteresis is less than 2% and drift about 1% of the motion range.\n\nForce estimation without the use of force sensors is accomplished with an actuator model that approximates the present external force by combining information about the current, voltage and displacement. The measured displacement can be simultaneously utilized in feedback control, thus enabling precise microrobotic operations. The accuracy of the estimated force is within 10% of the force range, with an average inaccuracy of about 3%.\n\nCurrent measurement can be used to estimate the self-heating of periodically actuated piezoactuators. Peak-to-peak current increases concurrently with increasing temperature. Experiments show that the current increase is 0.5% per one degree increase in actuator temperature. In addition, a compensation method is presented for the displacement changes induced by self-heating. The displacement error of the heated actuator is reduced to an average of one third when the proposed compensation is used.\n\nThis thesis discusses current measurement as a part of a self-diagnostic system. Current measurement has potential in diagnosing faults and monitoring the condition of piezoelectric actuators.\n\nThe experimental results achieved with several control applications indicate that the proposed electromechanical actuator model is feasible. Moreover, the results reveal that current measurement provides valuable information that can be utilized in displacement control, and force and self-heating estimation, among others. Consequently, the information obtained by current measurement can often be used to replace a sensor, thus decreasing the complexity of the system.
Control of Liquid-Crystalline Properties by Base Pairing of Adenine and Thymine (2002)

A glassy cholesteric solid is obtained when an equimolar mixture of two liquid-crystalline compounds bearing complementary nucleobases (see formula) is cooled from the liquid-crystalline state to room temperature. It owes its formation to base pairing, since the individual compounds form crystalline phases when treated as above. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.chemphyschem.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
OH absorption-induced loss in tapered singlemode optical fibre (2002)

Observation of the OH induced absorption loss near 1.39 µm in optical fibres tapered using a flame brushing technique is reported. The induced loss is experimentally analysed in terms of tapering conditions, fibre type, and annealing conditions. Impacts of the OH induced loss on fused taper fibre devices are discussed.
Late First-Row Transition Metal Complexes of a Tetradentate Pyridinophane Ligand: Electronic Properties and Reactivity Implications (2013)

The synthesis and structural comparison are reported herein for a series of late first-row transition metal complexes using a macrocyclic pyridinophane ligand, N,N'-di-tert-butyl-2,11-diaza[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane ((tBu)N4). The (tBu)N4 ligand enforces a distorted octahedral geometry in complexes [((tBu)N4)M(II)(MeCN)2](OTf)2 (M = Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II)), [((tBu)N4)Zn(II)(MeCN)(OTf)](OTf), and [((tBu)N4)Fe(III)(OMe)2](OTf), with elongated axial M-N(amine) distances compared to the equatorial M-N(py) distances. The geometry of [((tBu)N4)Cu(I)(MeCN)](OTf) is pentacoordinate with weak axial interactions with the amine N-donors of (tBu)N4. Complexes [((tBu)N4)M(MeCN)2](OTf)2 (M = Fe, Co) exhibit magnetic properties that are intermediate between those expected for high spin and low spin complexes. Electrochemical studies of ((tBu)N4)M complexes suggest that (tBu)N4 is suitable to stabilize Co(I), Ni(I), Co(III), Fe(III) solvato-complexes, while the electrochemical oxidation of ((tBu)N4)NiCl2 complex leads to formation of a Ni(III) species, supporting the ability of the (tBu)N4 ligand to stabilize first row transition metal complexes in various oxidation states. Importantly, the [((tBu)N4)M(II)(MeCN)2](2+) complexes exhibit two available cis coordination sites and thus can mediate reactions involving exogenous ligands. For example, the [((tBu)N4)Cu(II)(MeCN)2](2+) species acts as an efficient Lewis acid and promotes an uncommon hydrolytic coupling of nitriles. In addition, initial UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies show that the [((tBu)N4)Fe(II)(MeCN)2](2+) complex reacts with oxidants such as H2O2 and peracetic acid to form high-valent Fe transient species. Overall, these results suggest that the ((tBu)N4)M(II) systems should be able to promote redox transformations involving exogenous substrates.
Link between Organ-specific Antigen Processing by 20S Proteasomes and CD8<b>+</b> T Cell–mediated Autoimmunity (2002)

Adoptive transfer of cross-reactive HSP60-specific CD8(+) T cells into immunodeficient mice causes autoimmune intestinal pathology restricted to the small intestine. We wondered whether local immunopathology induced by CD8(+) T cells can be explained by tissue-specific differences in proteasome-mediated processing of major histocompatibility complex class I T cell epitopes. Our experiments demonstrate that 20S proteasomes of different organs display a characteristic composition of alpha and beta chain subunits and produce distinct peptide fragments with respect to both quality and quantity. Digests of HSP60 polypeptides by 20S proteasomes show most efficient generation of the pathology related CD8(+) T cell epitope in the small intestine. Further, we demonstrate that the organ-specific potential to produce defined T cell epitopes reflects quantities that are relevant for cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition. We propose tissue-specific antigen processing by 20S proteasomes as a potential mechanism to control organ-specific immune responses.
XAFS analysis of triiodide ion in solutions (2001)

Iodine K-edge XAFS of triiodide ions in various solvents were measured at SPring-8 BL01B1 and analyzed. Though the anion takes a linear and symmetric form, the second peak expected from enhanced multiple scatterings can be hardly observed because of its large vibrations. The bond distances and the Debye-Waller factors for the I-I couple vary when protic solvents were used and they were similar when aprotic solvents were used. It was indicated that the larger the Mayers' acceptor number of the solvent is, the larger the Debye-Waller factor is. It was also found that among the aprotic solvents, the larger the Gutmann's donor number is, the smaller the Debye-Waller factor is.
Biomimetic CO <sub>2</sub> capture using a highly thermostable bacterial α-carbonic anhydrase immobilized on a polyurethane foam (2013)

The biomimetic approach represents an interesting strategy for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, offering advantages over other methods, due to its specificity for CO2 and its eco-compatibility, as it allows concentration of CO2 from other gases, and its conversion to water soluble ions. This approach uses microorganisms capable of fixing CO2 through metabolic pathways or via the use of an enzyme, such as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). Recently, our group cloned and purified a novel bacterial α-CA, named SspCA, from the thermophilic bacteria, Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense YO3AOP1 living in hot springs at temperatures of up to 110 °C. This enzyme showed an exceptional thermal stability, retaining its high catalytic activity for the CO2 hydration reaction even after being heated at 70 °C for several hours. In the present paper, the SspCA was immobilized within a polyurethane (PU) foam. The immobilized enzyme was found to be catalytically active and showed a long-term stability. A bioreactor containing the "PU-immobilized enzyme" (PU-SspCA) as shredded foam was used for experimental tests aimed to verify the CO2 capture capability in conditions close to those of a power plant application. In this bioreactor, a gas phase, containing CO2, was put into contact with a liquid phase under conditions, where CO2 contained in the gas phase was absorbed and efficiently converted into bicarbonate by the extremo-α-CA.
Choosing the word most typical in context using a lexical co-occurrence network (1997)

This paper presents a partial solution to a component of the problem of lexical choice: choosing the synonym most typical, or expected, in context. We apply a new statistical approach to representing the context of a word through lexical co-occurrence networks. The implementation was trained and evaluated on a large corpus, and results show that the inclusion of second-order co-occurrence relations improves the performance of our implemented lexical choice program.
Genetic Characterization of Multiple Mechanisms of Phage Defense from a Prototype Phage-Insensitive Strain, Lactococcus lactis ME2 (1989)

Abstract Lactococci used as starter cultures in dairy fermentations are highly susceptible to attack by bacteriophage. Genetic studies with Lactococcus lactis ME2, a prototype phage-insensitive strain, have identified plasmid-encoded defenses, which interfere with phage adsorption, restrict and modify phages, or abort lytic phage infection. Restriction and modification and abortion of phage infection were localized on two distinct self-transmissible plasmids, pTN20 and pTR2030, respectively, originating from L. lactis ME2. A comparison of the physical and genetic characteristics of these two conjugative plasmids is presented. Conjugation and cloning strategies employed to assemble these complementary mechanisms of phage resistance will be discussed. The collective expression of different defense systems provided a greater phage resistance to dairy lactococci. Starter cultures that are recalcitrant to phage attack can be constructed from existing strains through application of genetic technologies, which assemble complementary mechanisms of phage defense.
Co‐occurrence matrices and their applications in information science: Extending ACA to the Web environment (2006)

Abstract Co‐occurrence matrices, such as cocitation, coword, and colink matrices, have been used widely in the information sciences. However, confusion and controversy have hindered the proper statistical analysis of these data. The underlying problem, in our opinion, involved understanding the nature of various types of matrices. This article discusses the difference between a symmetrical cocitation matrix and an asymmetrical citation matrix as well as the appropriate statistical techniques that can be applied to each of these matrices, respectively. Similarity measures (such as the Pearson correlation coefficient or the cosine) should not be applied to the symmetrical cocitation matrix but can be applied to the asymmetrical citation matrix to derive the proximity matrix. The argument is illustrated with examples. The study then extends the application of co‐occurrence matrices to the Web environment, in which the nature of the available data and thus data collection methods are different from those of traditional databases such as the Science Citation Index . A set of data collected with the Google Scholar search engine is analyzed by using both the traditional methods of multivariate analysis and the new visualization software Pajek, which is based on social network analysis and graph theory.