gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-Selective Bromination of Vancomycin (2012)

We report the site-selective bromination of vancomycin to produce, with substantial efficiency, previously unknown monobromovancomycins, a dibromovancomycin, and a tribromovancomycin. We document the inherent reactivity of native vancomycin toward N-bromophthalimide. We then demonstrate significant rate acceleration and perturbation of the inherent product distribution in the presence of a rationally designed peptide-based promoter. Alternative site selectivity is observed as a function of solvent and replacement of the peptide with guanidine.
Effect of fat replacement by inulin or lupin-kernel fibre on sausage patty acceptability, post-meal perceptions of satiety and food intake in men (2004)

The present study examined whether replacing fat with inulin or lupin-kernel fibre influenced palatability, perceptions of satiety, and food intake in thirty-three healthy men (mean age 52 years, BMI 27.4 kg/m(2)), using a within-subject design. On separate occasions, after fasting overnight, the participants consumed a breakfast consisting primarily of either a full-fat sausage patty (FFP) or a reduced-fat patty containing inulin (INP) or lupin-kernel fibre (LKP). Breakfast variants were alike in mass, protein and carbohydrate content; however the INP and LKP breakfasts were 36 and 37 % lower in fat and 15 and 17 % lower in energy density respectively compared with the FFP breakfast. The participants rated their satiety before breakfast then evaluated patty acceptability. Satiety was rated immediately after consuming the breakfast, then over the subsequent 4.5 h whilst fasting. Food consumed until the end of the following day was recorded. All patties were rated above 'neither acceptable or unacceptable', however the INP rated lower for general acceptability (P=0.039) and the LKP lower for flavour (P=0.023) than the FFP. The LKP breakfast rated more satiating than the INP (P=0.010) and FFP (P=0.016) breakfasts. Total fat intake was 18 g lower on the day of the INP (P=0.035) and 26 g lower on the day of the LKP breakfast (P=0.013) than the FFP breakfast day. Energy intake was lower (1521 kJ) only on the day of the INP breakfast (P=0.039). Both inulin and lupin-kernel fibre appear to have potential as fat replacers in meat products and for reducing fat and energy intake in men.
African Mango Glycosidically Bound Volatile Compounds (1997)

Carbohydrate and aglycon moieties released, respectively, by acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of African mango pulp extracts containing glycosidically bound compounds were identified by TLC, GC, and GC/MS. Glucose was found to be the most important sugar constituent of the glycoside saccharidic moiety, while significant amounts of arabinose and trace amounts of rhamnose were detected. Several aglycons [(Z)-hexen-3-ol, hexanol, hexanoic acid, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-(2H)furanone (furaneol), linalool oxides, α-terpineol, carvacrol, vanillin, cis- and trans-6-p-menthen-2,8-diol, 1,8-p-menthadien-7-ol, 1-p-menthen-7,8-diol, and 9-hydroxymegastima-4-en-3-one] were identified as additional mango bound volatile compounds. Fatty acids (myristic and stearic acids) were also found in glycosidically bound form. Ten glycosides (benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, and α-terpineyl glucosides and rutinosides, eugenyl, vanillyl and furaneyl glucosides and α-terpineyl arabinoglucoside] were identified for the first time in mango by GC/MS of trifluoroacetylated derivatives and GC using reference compounds. Linalyl oxide glucosides (four isomers) and C13 norisoprenoid derivatives [9-hydroxymegastima-4,6-dien-3-one (two isomers), 9-hydroxymegastima-4,7-dien-3-one, and vomifoliol glucosides and arabinoglucosides] were tentatively identified. Keywords: Mango; glycosidically bound compounds; TFA derivatives; GC/MS
Biologically Inspired Surfaces: Broadening the Scope of Roughness** (2008)

Abstract Superhydrophobicity can be used for many applications that require non‐adhesive and water‐repellent surfaces. A successful design of superhydrophobic surfaces requires a correct assessment of the surface roughness effect on wetting. Roughness is an important property in surface mechanics, physics, chemistry, and biology, and it is critical for many tribological applications. Roughness can be defined in different ways, and the definition should be adequate to the problem under investigation. Our recent studies of biological and biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces show that traditional roughness parameters, such as the root‐mean‐square, correlation length, or fractal dimension, are not always appropriate for the analysis of wetting. This is, in particular, due to the hierarchical nature of wetting mechanisms and interfaces. We discuss the effect of roughness on wetting mechanisms and relevant roughness parameters and ways to broaden the concept and scope of surface roughness.
Quipu (2013)

There has been a steady increase in the utilization of heterogeneous architectures to tackle the growing need for computing performance and low-power systems. The execution of computation-intensive functions on specialized hardware enables to achieve substantial speedups and power savings. However, with a large legacy code base and software engineering experts, it is not at all obvious how to easily utilize these new architectures. As a result, there is a need for comprehensive tool support to bridge the knowledge gap of many engineers as well as to retarget legacy code. In this article, we present the Quipu modeling approach, which consists of a set of tools and a modeling methodology that can generate hardware estimation models, which provide valuable information for developers. This information helps to focus their efforts, to partition their application, and to select the right heterogeneous components. We present Quipu ’s capability to generate domain-specific models, that are up to several times more accurate within their particular domain (error: 4.6%) as compared to domain-agnostic models (error: 23%). Finally, we show how Quipu can generate models for a new toolchain and platform within a few days.
Advanced approach for surface decoupling in crystalline silicon solar cells (2010)

Texturing and polishing crystalline silicon in the PV industry are both time consuming and inefficient, the need for a streamlined solution is prevalent. To obtain high conversion efficiency surface decoupling is needed, one side of the wafer is ideally textured while the other is completely polished. The front is textured to collect the maximum number of photons while the rear acts as a perfect mirror to reflect all outgoing light back into the silicon for absorption. In industry, crystalline silicon wafers initially undergo a saw damage etch (SDR) in which 10μm of silicon is removed from each side. Wafers are then placed in an alkaline texturing solution which textures both sides which removes another 5μm from each side. Finally the wafers are single side polished, removing a final 10μm from one side. This industrial process results in a total silicon loss of 40μm and a complete surface decoupling cycle time in the order of an hour from as cut until diffusion ready. For an industrial wafer thickness of 180μm more than 20% of the silicon is lost. In addition to silicon loss, the multiple wet processing steps needed for decoupling are time consuming and hinder high throughput manufacturing needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a low per watt peak price. To increase efficiency more process steps are needed, cell concepts such as the i-PERC, i-PERL and the i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -BC all need an increasing number of process steps leading to higher efficiencies. As the number of process steps and complexity increases, the variability in the overall process will increase as well; this will ultimately make these concepts unrealizable by industry. It is desirable to develop processes and techniques that are of multi-purpose. Such a technique is proposed in this paper, this technique decouples the front and rear surfaces and utilizes only one wet process step for both the texturing and polishing. This process simplification leads to savings by decreasing costly cycle time, saving consumables and reducing the amount of silicon loss. The complete process takes a few minutes from an as cut wafer to a fully decoupled wafer, ready for further processing. Thus far, a top efficiency of 18.4% has been achieved (37.3 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , 640 mV, FF 77.0 %) on full 156cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> wafers with screen printed contacts and local Al-BSF, an encouraging proof of concept.
The effectiveness of digital imaging and remote expert wound consultation on healing rates in chronic lower leg ulcers in the Kimberley region of Western Australia (2004)

<p>The incidence of chronic lower limb ulcers in remote regions of Australia is high and results in significant morbidity, decreasedquality of life and high cost. These wounds present challenges to clinicians due to their complex nature, high levels of comorbidityand the difficulty of gaining expert wound consultation due to distance.</p><p>A 12 month prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted at four sites in the Kimberley region of Western Australia(WA). The aim was to examine the effect on clinical outcomes and costs of providing remote expert wound consultation usingthe Alfred/Medseed Wound Imaging System (AMWIS) for patients with chronic leg and foot ulcers. All patients (n=93) hadsequential wound assessments conducted using AMWIS at each clinic attendance. Control patients (n=43) received standardwound care, whereas intervention group patients (n=50) had their digital records transmitted to Perth every 2 weeks for remotereview by a wound care consultant; these were then returned to their treating clinician with wound management advice.</p>Results indicate that intervention group patients had a positive healing rate of 6.8% per week, whereas controls had a negativerate of -4.9% per week (p=0.012). There were six amputations in the control group and one in the intervention group. Theestimated treatment cost difference between the groups at 12 months was $191,935 lower in the intervention group. We believethat our findings provide early evidence of the clinical and cost effectiveness of remote expert wound consultation using a digitalwound imaging system in geographically remote regions.
Expression of the novel Golgi protein GoPro49 is developmentally regulated during mesenchymal differentiation (2008)

The Golgi complex is the major cell organelle responsible for protein glycosylation and secretion. In this article, we show that GoPro49 is a new gene expressed specifically in mesenchymal and cartilaginous tissues during development. The corresponding human homologue was identified in our previous Golgi proteomics study and was shown to localize to the Golgi complex as an EGFP-fusion protein. Furthermore, we show using in situ hybridization that GoPro49 expression pattern is both restricted and developmentally regulated. It is specific in vertebrae, ribs, and limbs, and in the craniofacial area in nasal septum and dental follicle. In the trunk, GoPro49 expression decreases before final chondrocyte differentiation, while in the craniofacial area expression is still observed in postnatal tissues. This is the first time a Golgi membrane protein is shown to be expressed in a developmentally regulated manner during mesenchymal and cartilage development in mammals.
Automated Manual Transmissions - A European Survey and Proposed Quality Shift Metrics (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In Europe there is considerable growth in the application of automated manual transmissions (AMT) predominantly for reasons of cost and CO<sub>2</sub> efficiency. It is believed that restricted functionality and the poor shift quality of this “first wave” of manual-based transmissions may hinder this trend being repeated in markets dominated by conventional automatic transmissions (ATs) such as the USA.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper addresses two areas:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Results and analysis of measured and subjective data from a comprehensive, independent survey of six AMT vehicles available in Europe.</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Techniques to predict subjective ratings of shift quality from physical variables.</div></li> </ul> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Data is presented from a wider survey of current production “robotised” manual transmissions sold in the European market. This study included vehicles from B, C, and D/E classes and the light truck sector. The transmissions featured a single dry clutch, single layshaft and either electrical or electro-hydraulic actuation of the clutch and the shift rails. Universally, it was found that shift quality was poor in comparison to conventional ATs by at least 1.5 points on a 1-10 rating scale, as assessed by a panel of experienced transmission calibrators. The paper discusses the powertrain factors contributing to this difference and how the shift quality could be improved prior to the next generation of manual-based transmissions, namely twin clutch designs (AMT-2).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Initial research is presented for shift quality metrics to allow prediction of subjective ratings from objective measures. Novel techniques are discussed to improve the correlation between engineering parameters and subjective ratings:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Cost function technique relative to an “ideal shift”.</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Metrics associated with estimated human frame forces leading to variables associated with pressure profiles and neuromuscular effort.</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">System identification techniques.</div></li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Neural Network to convert engineering parameters to subjective ratings.</div></li> </ul> </div>
The Topochemical Reaction of CaSi<sub>2</sub> to a Two-Dimensional Subsiliceous Acid Si<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub> ( = Kautskys’ Siloxene) (1980)

Abstract Kautsky’s siloxene was prepared in a topochemical reaction from large crystals of CaSi 2 . The structure model was revised. Siloxene is a subsiliceous acid [Si 6 ]H 3 (OH) 3 and consists of two-dimensional corrugated Si-layers with three Si-Si bonds per silicon and an OH-or H-ligand, respectively. Ordering of adjacent layers is turbostratic. The layer lattice is capable of forming intercalation complexes. On intercalation only the layer distance is changed. The alkoxylated derivatives Si 6 H 3 (OCH 3 ) 3n and Si 6 H 3 (OC 2 H 5 ) 3n are also able to intercalate polar molecules.
Comprehensive Framework for Evaluation of Stereo Correspondence Solutions in Immersive Augmented and Virtual Realities (2024)

In this article, a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of hardware and software solutions to support stereo vision and depth-dependent interactions based on the specific requirements of the human visual system within the context of augmented reality applications is presented. To evaluate stereo correspondence solutions in software, we present an evaluation model that integrates existing metrics of stereo correspondence algorithms with additional metrics that consider human factors that are relevant in the context of outdoor augmented reality systems. Our model provides modified metrics of stereoacuity, average outliers, disparity error, and processing time. These metrics have been modified to provide more relevant information with respect to the target application. We illustrate how this model can be used to evaluate two stereo correspondence methods: the OpenCV implementation of the semi-global block matching, also known as SGBM, which is a modified version of the semi-global matching by Hirschmuller; and ADCensusB, our implementation of ADCensus, by Mei et al.. To test these methods, we use a sample of fifty-two image pairs selected from the Kitti stereo dataset, which depicts many situations typical of outdoor scenery. Further on, we present an analysis of the effect and the trade-off of the post processing steps in the stereo algorithms between the accuracy of the results and performance. Experimental results show that our proposed model can provide a more detailed evaluation of both algorithms. To evaluate the hardware solutions, we use the characteristics of the human visual system as a baseline to characterize the state-of-the-art in equipment designed to support interactions within immersive augmented and virtual reality systems. The analysis suggests that current hardware developments have not yet reached the point where their characteristics adequately match the capabilities of the human visual system and serves as a reference point as to what are the desirable characteristics of such systems.
A comprehensive study of indium implantation-induced damage in deep submicrometer nMOSFET: device characterization and damage assessment (2002)

The impact of indium channel implantation on the current-voltage characteristics, gate oxide breakdown and hot-carrier reliability of deep submicrometer nMOSFETs is studied in detail. A significantly faster oxide wear-out during ramped-voltage testing and a distinctly enhanced drain current degradation during hot-carrier stressing are observed in devices with implant dose ranging from 1-2 /spl times/ 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/. An important generation leakage is also measured in the long-channel MOSFET, although such irregularity is normally not detected in short-channel devices owing to predominant subthreshold current. The loss in device reliability may be attributed to the generation of local amorphous regions in the channel when the implant dose exceeds 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/. The limited thermal budget of the subsequent gate oxidation step is generally unable to anneal out these defects, which in turn lead to the formation of local weak spots and strained Si-H bonds in the gate oxide, and dislocation loops in the channel region. This finding raises an important concern on the use of indium implantation in retrograde channel engineering, since implant doses on the order of 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ are often needed for effective suppression of short-channel effects. In order to minimize the loss in device reliability, the damaged lattice would need to be restored using a dedicated thermal annealing cycle prior to gate oxidation. A good correlation between the hot-carrier stress data and the DC current-voltage (DCIV) measurement data is also presented. This makes the DCIV technique a precise, nondestructive monitor for implantation-induced damage in deep submicrometer MOSFET, via a direct measurement of the process-residue interface traps.
A stabilization method of projected images for wearable projector applications (2011)

Studies on supporting user task with a wearable projector are attracting attention in recent years. However, previous work did not consider the utilization in moving state because an image swing is caused by a body sway. Such instability of projected images does not only affect the viewability, but also makes it difficult to present spatial information. In this paper, we propose a projection stabilization method for wearable projector applications.
Engineering aldolases as biocatalysts (2014)

Aldolases are seen as an attractive route to the production of biologically important compounds due to their ability to form carbon-carbon bonds. However, for many industrial reactions there are no naturally occurring enzymes, and so many different engineering approaches have been used to address this problem. Engineering methods have been used to alter the stability, substrate specificity and stereospecificity of aldolases to produce excellent enzymes for biocatalytic processes. Recently greater understanding of the aldolase mechanism has allowed many successes with both rational engineering approaches and computational design of aldolases. Rational engineering approaches have produced desired enzymes quickly and efficiently while combination of computational design with laboratory methods has created enzymes with activity approaching that of natural enzymes.
유아 과학교육과 수학교육의 통합적 접근을 위한 기초 연구 (2001)

유아교육현장에서 통합적 교육의 적용은 대체로 방법적 측면에 치중되고 있을 뿐이며, 교과내용에 대한 전문적 이해를 기초로 하여 무엇을, 왜 통합할지의 관점에서 다루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 사회교육과 수학교육이 통합된 사회수학(social mathematics)교육의 적용모형을 설계하고, 이를 토대로 교육 목표 및 내용을 설정하였으며, 교수-학습의 구체적 적용 방안을 제시하였다. 사회수학교육의 통합적 접근은 실제상황에서 수학을 경험하며 문화의 산물로서 다양한 생활 패턴에 따른 문제해결 도구로 활용되었음을 이해할 뿐 아니라 사회적 현상이나 사건을 이해하고 자신과 주변생활의 문제해결의 기회를 제공할 수 있는 교육방안으로 그 활용적 가치가 기대된다.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HISTAMINE ACTIVITIES ON DIFFERENTIATION OF OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS (2007)

The effects of histamine and its receptor antagonists on mouse bone marrow cells (MBMC) and MC3T3-E1 cells were studied to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms underlying histamine activities in the respective cell types. The studied parameters were osteoclast differentiation and expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL), histamine receptors (HR), and osteoblast differentiation markers. The osteoclastogenesis was assessed by TRAP-dye method. Expressions of RANKL, HR and the osteoblast differentiation markers were evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. In MBMC, 1 microM histamine doubled the number of osteoclast-like cells in a dose-dependent manner. Expressions of RANKL peaked at histamine concentrations of 1 microM and 0.1 microM in MBMC and MC3T3-E1, respectively. H(1)R antagonist, but not H(2)R antagonist, inhibited RANKL expressions induced by histamine in MC3T3-E1. Histamine induced expressions of cell differentiation markers in MC3T3-E1, but not in MBMC, under the conditions that RANKL expressions were induced by histamine in both types of cells. These results indicate the following: (1) Histamine induction of osteoclastogenesis is mediated by RANKL expressed via H(1)R, but not via H(2)R in mouse osteoblast-like cells; (2) and the major target of histamine action is the RANKL-RANK signaling pathway in osteocytes. This observation is consistent with the traditionally recognized histamine action of bone resorption at the osteoclast site.
Slot-coupled self-diplexing array antenna for mobile satellite communications (1996)

An experimental investigation of a novel two-layered slot-coupled self-diplexing antenna for mobile satellite communications is presented. A transmitting circular patch antenna is stacked on a receiving ring patch antenna. A modified symmetrical cross-slot is used to feed the circular patch antenna. Orthogonal two-point and four-point feeding methods for the ring patch antenna are compared. Characteristics of an isolated antenna element and a 16-element phased array antenna are presented. For the 16-element array, isolation between the transmitting and receiving ports was greater than 20 dB for a scanning angle of ±60°.