gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long wavelength quantum cascade lasers (1999)

Quantum cascade (QC) lasers operating on intersubband transitions between conduction band states in InGaAs/AlInAs heterostructures have proven so far to be extremely versatile, covering the range of wavelengths of the two atmospheric windows (3.4 /spl mu/m, 13 /spl mu/m). Their extension to even longer wavelengths is, however, problematic, due to the increasingly smaller radiative efficiency of intersubband transitions and to the optical losses from intraband free-carrier absorption, which are roughly proportional to /spl lambda//sup 2/. A possible solution consists in making use of interminiband transitions in semiconductor superlattices (SL), which present the advantage of large oscillator strengths and intrinsic population inversion and can be driven with very large current densities. Here we present the realization of a QC laser employing these so-called "chirped" superlattices and operating at /spl lambda//spl sim/17 /spl mu/m, which represents the first demonstration of semiconductor injection laser based on intra-band transitions at wavelengths beyond the atmospheric windows. The structure was grown by molecular beam epitaxy in the InGaAs/lnAlAs material system lattice matched to InP substrate.
Password Cracking Using Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars (2009)

Choosing the most effective word-mangling rules to use when performing a dictionary-based password cracking attack can be a difficult task. In this paper we discuss a new method that generates password structures in highest probability order. We first automatically create a probabilistic context-free grammar based upon a training set of previously disclosed passwords. This grammar then allows us to generate word-mangling rules, and from them, password guesses to be used in password cracking. We will also show that this approach seems to provide a more effective way to crack passwords as compared to traditional methods by testing our tools and techniques on real password sets. In one series of experiments, training on a set of disclosed passwords, our approach was able to crack 28% to 129% more passwords than John the Ripper, a publicly available standard password cracking program.
Amyloid beta oligomers induce impairment of neuronal insulin receptors (2007)

Recent studies have indicated an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistance. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the link between these two pathologies have not been elucidated. Here we show that signal transduction by neuronal insulin receptors (IR) is strikingly sensitive to disruption by soluble Abeta oligomers (also known as ADDLs). ADDLs are known to accumulate in AD brain and have recently been implicated as primary candidates for initiating deterioration of synapse function, composition, and structure. Using mature cultures of hippocampal neurons, a preferred model for studies of synaptic cell biology, we found that ADDLs caused a rapid and substantial loss of neuronal surface IRs specifically on dendrites bound by ADDLs. Removal of dendritic IRs was associated with increased receptor immunoreactivity in the cell body, indicating redistribution of the receptors. The neuronal response to insulin, measured by evoked IR tyrosine autophosphorylation, was greatly inhibited by ADDLs. Inhibition also was seen with added glutamate or potassium-induced depolarization. The effects on IR function were completely blocked by NMDA receptor antagonists, tetrodotoxin, and calcium chelator BAPTA-AM. Downstream from the IR, ADDLs induced a phosphorylation of Akt at serine473, a modification associated with neurodegenerative and insulin resistance diseases. These results identify novel factors that affect neuronal IR signaling and suggest that insulin resistance in AD brain is a response to ADDLs, which disrupt insulin signaling and may cause a brain-specific form of diabetes as part of an overall pathogenic impact on CNS synapses.
Bactericidal activities of selected organic N-halamines (1987)

The bactericidal efficacies of three organic N,N'-dihalamine disinfectants in the class of compounds termed imidazolidinones were determined for combinations of pH, temperature, and water quality treatments by using Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella boydii as test organisms. The compound 1,3-dibromo-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone was found to be the most rapidly acting bactericide, especially under halogen-demand-free conditions. The mixed N,N'-dihalamine 1-bromo-3-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone was found to be intermediate in terms of rate of disinfection, while the compound 1,3-dichloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone was observed to be the slowest acting bactericide. When overall effectiveness was judged on the basis of stability of the disinfectants along with rates of disinfection, the mixed halamine was considered to exhibit great potential for use as a disinfectant in an aqueous solution.
Development of direct drive type pneumatic servo valve (2005)

In this study, firstly, we have modeled a system consisting of various electro-mechanical and mechanical subsystems. The appropriateness of the model has been verified by simulation. The simulation model resolves the motion of spool, the winding current and the magnetic force. Also, we have calculated the displacement and velocity of the spool, flux contour line, b vector, flux density, flux linkage and back EMI' etc. Secondly, a program for analysis the flow in the spool was developed, and a study was conducted on the flow rate of the nozzle depending upon the pressure ratio between the upstream pressure and the downstream pressure, when the valve is fully open in the spool and the flow force depending upon a displacement of the spool in the valve. Further, the performance of pneumatic servo valve has been verified through an overall performance test on the developed product.
State‐of‐Charge: Monitoring the State‐of‐Charge of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with the Acoustic Attenuation Coefficient: An In Operando Noninvasive Method (Small Methods 12/2019) (2019)

In article number 1900494 by Zhiqun Daniel Deng, Wei Wang, and co-workers, an ultrasonic probing approach that can measure the acoustic properties of a vanadium redox flow battery electrolyte is designed to monitor the state-of-charge (SOC) of flow batteries online noninvasively. The SOC estimated from the acoustic attenuation coefficient is found to be robust to temperature variation.
Ultrasonic/Sonic Anchor (2009)

The ultrasonic/sonic anchor (U/S anchor) is an anchoring device that drills a hole for itself in rock, concrete, or other similar material. The U/S anchor is a recent addition to a series of related devices, the first of which were reported in Ultrasonic/Sonic Drill/Corers With Integrated Sensors
A Phase I Clinical Trial to Assess Safety and Tolerability of Injectable Collagenase in Women with Symptomatic Uterine Fibroids (2021)

Uterine fibroids feature excessive deposition of types I and III collagen. Previous ex vivo studies showed an FDA-approved collagenase (EN3835)-digested types I and III collagen fibers in fibroid tissues; however, collagenase had not been evaluated in vivo for effects on uterine fibroids. The objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of collagenase injection directly into uterine fibroids. This was a prospective, open label, dose escalation study. The study participants were fifteen women aged 35-50 years with symptomatic uterine fibroids planning to undergo hysterectomy. Three subjects received saline and methylene blue, three subjects received a fixed dose of EN3835, and 9 subjects received stepped, increasing dosages of EN3835, all by transvaginal, ultrasound-guided injections. Primary outcome measures were safety and tolerability of the injection and change in collagen content between treated and control tissues. There were no significant adverse events following injection of EN3835 into uterine fibroids. Masson's trichrome stains revealed a 39% reduction in collagen content in treated samples compared to controls (p <0.05). Second harmonic generation (SHG) analysis showed treated samples to have a 21% reduction in density of collagen compared to controls. Picrosirius-stained collagenase-treated fibroids showed collagen fibers to be shorter and less dense compared to controls. Subjects reported a decrease in fibroid-related pain on the McGill Pain Questionnaire after study drug injection in Group 2 at both 4-8 days and 60-90 days post-injection. The findings indicated that injection of collagenase was safe and well tolerated. These results support further clinical investigation of collagenase as a minimally invasive treatment of uterine fibroids. NCT0289848.
Candidate Placental Biomarkers for Intrauterine Alcohol Exposure (2010)

We propose the specific pattern of increased Dio3 and decreased TRα1 and GR protein levels in the placenta as selective biomarker for intrauterine alcohol exposure.
A flexible downlink scheduling scheme in cellular packet data systems (2006)

Fast downlink scheduling algorithms play a central role in determining the overall performance of high-speed cellular data systems, characterized by high throughput and fair resource allocation among multiple users. We propose a flexible channel-dependent downlink scheduling scheme, named the (weighted) alpha-rule, based on the system utility maximization that arises from the Internet economy of long-term bandwidth sharing among elastic-service users. We show that the utility as a function of per-user mean throughput naturally derives the alpha-rule scheme and a whole set of channel-dependent instantaneous scheduling schemes following different fairness criteria. We evaluate the alpha-rule in a multiuser CDMA high data rate (HDR) system with space-time block coding (STBC) or Bell Labs layered space-time (BLAST) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. Our evaluation shows that it works efficiently by enabling flexible tradeoff between aggregate throughput, per-user throughput, and per-user resource allocation through a single control parameter. In other words the Alpha-rule effectively fills the performance gap between existing scheduling schemes, such as max-C/I and proportional fairness (PF), and provides an important control knob at the media-access-control (MAC) layer to balance between multiuser diversity gain and location-specific per-user performance.
Implementing green solutions to recycle UAE domestic waste: Aircraft composite materials (2018)

In the past few years, there has been a steep noticeable increase in the volume of products from aerospace industries. Starting from the inside components like the engines, compressors and going all the way through to components like the outside body of aircrafts. This increase in production has been accompanied by a simultaneous increase in waste products that are non-biodegradable, implying that this waste shall accumulate in the environment that will affect different food chains in an adverse manner. This is where our research was inspired. Most of the aerospace waste is pre-preg (or pre-impregnated) carbon fiber - which is non-biodegradable. Pre-preg means that the fibers are combined with a pre-defined amount of resin and is covered with a protective thin layer of polyethylene (more commonly known as nylon). The aim of our research is to recycle this pre-preg carbon fiber and re-use it in non-structural aircraft components. The method used in recycling the pre-preg satisfies the waste management policies put by the Competent Authority (Environmental Agency) in Abu Dhabi, which aims to minimize the pollution cause by non-biodegradable waste. Therefore, two techniques were proposed to handle the pre-preg waste; the Hot Press and the AutoClave. The carbon fiber was formed into four different sets of samples; shredded into fine and not fine shreds without the protective nylon sheet, fine shreds with the protective nylon, and cut by scissors into rectangular sheets. A sample of the fine shreds (without the protective nylon layer) was pressed into a circular mould (done by CNC machine) using a hot press machine. A uniform layer of the fine and not fine samples was prepared separately treated using the AutoClave. Two different approaches were used to investigate their effect on the mechanical properties of the samples. Industrial waste was used to cover the Aluminum plates and mould to avoid the resin from sticking to the plate during its curing process. Accumulation of non-biodegradable waste is a serious issue that can cause disruption in many food chains and threatens various animal species from extinction. Being an engineer, it is our responsibility to use the technology developed to help and get rid of such wastes.
3303 A Study for Design Knowledge Acquisition Based on Structural Optimization (2008)

It is difficult to design structures that have high performance. To do this, the designer usually must have enough design knowledge, however, it is not easily accomplished. As the method to overcome this problem, several structural optimization methods have been investigated. Structural optimization methods yield mathematically appropriate optimum structures from poor initial guess. In this paper, we introduce a structural optimization method based on the level set method, and demonstrate that we can obtain design knowledge using the structural optimization method based on the level set method.
Augur: a Modeling Language for Data-Parallel Probabilistic Inference (2013)

It is time-consuming and error-prone to implement inference procedures for each new probabilistic model. Probabilistic programming addresses this problem by allowing a user to specify the model and having a compiler automatically generate an inference procedure for it. For this approach to be practical, it is important to generate inference code that has reasonable performance. In this paper, we present a probabilistic programming language and compiler for Bayesian networks designed to make effective use of data-parallel architectures such as GPUs. Our language is fully integrated within the Scala programming language and benefits from tools such as IDE support, type-checking, and code completion. We show that the compiler can generate data-parallel inference code scalable to thousands of GPU cores by making use of the conditional independence relationships in the Bayesian network.
Immunodominant T Cell Determinants of Aquaporin-4, the Autoantigen Associated with Neuromyelitis Optica (2010)

Autoantibodies that target the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are IgG1, a T cell-dependent Ig subclass. However, a role for AQP4-specific T cells in this CNS inflammatory disease is not known. To evaluate their potential role in CNS autoimmunity, we have identified and characterized T cells that respond to AQP4 in C57BL/6 and SJL/J mice, two strains that are commonly studied in models of CNS inflammatory diseases. Mice were immunized with either overlapping peptides or intact hAQP4 protein encompassing the entire 323 amino acid sequence. T cell determinants identified from examination of the AQP4 peptide (p) library were located within AQP4 p21-40, p91-110, p101-120, p166-180, p231-250 and p261-280 in C57BL/6 mice, and within p11-30, p21-40, p101-120, p126-140 and p261-280 in SJL/J mice. AQP4-specific T cells were CD4+ and MHC II-restricted. In recall responses to immunization with intact AQP4, T cells responded primarily to p21-40, indicating this region contains the immunodominant T cell epitope(s) for both strains. AQP4 p21-40-primed T cells secreted both IFN-γ and IL-17. The core immunodominant AQP4 21-40 T cell determinant was mapped to residues 24-35 in C57BL/6 mice and 23-35 in SJL/J mice. Our identification of the AQP4 T cell determinants and characterization of its immunodominant determinant should permit investigators to evaluate the role of AQP4-specific T cells in vivo and to develop AQP4-targeted murine NMO models.
Nonlinear filtering of the LPC residual for noise suppression and speech quality enhancement (2002)

We study enhancing the quality of coded speech by nonlinear filtering the linear-prediction residual to make it more periodic. By attenuating the low-magnitude samples, more of the residual energy can be concentrated in the regularly spaced major excitation pulses. Wideband additive noise in the speech signal is attenuated because its residual energy is spread in time, rather than being concentrated in narrow temporal regions.
A broadband multiple access protocol for STM, ATM, and variable length data services on hybrid fiber-coax networks (1996)

This paper presents a broadband multiple access protocol for bidirectional hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) networks. The Adaptive Digital Access Protocol (ADAPt+) supports a full range of subscriber services via HFC networks with tree and branch topologies. The protocol efficiently accommodates different circuit- and packet-based access modes, such as synchronous transfer mode (STM), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and inherently variable length (VL) native data (for example, the Internet protocol [IP]). ADAPt+ allocates the available bandwidth efficiently and adapts to the changing traffic mix. In addition, the paper describes the medium access control (MAC) protocol for upstream and multiplexing/demultiplexing for downstream communication, its applicability to STM, ATM, and other native data applications, and its performance with respect to throughput, latency, and bandwidth efficiency. While discussed in the context of an HFC network, many aspects of ADAPt+ have relevance to wireless, fiber to the curb (FTTC), and fiber to the home (FTTH).
Controlling wireless power transfer by tuning and detuning resonance of telemetric devices for rodents (2020)

Telemetry acquisition from rodents is important in biomedical research, where rodent behavior data is used to study disease models. Telemetry devices for such data acquisition require a long-term powering method. Wireless power transfer (WPT) via magnetic resonant coupling can provide continuous power to multiple small telemetric devices. Our loosely coupled WPT (LCWPT) system consists of a stationary primary coil and multiple freely moving secondary coils. Our previous LCWPT system was designed to transfer reasonable power to secondary coils at poor orientations but transfers excessively high amounts of power at favorable orientations. Reasonable power is needed for telemetry and radio electronics, but highly induced voltage on the secondary coil creates excess energy which must be dissipated by previous devices, and caused problems (localized heat damage and variations in component properties) leading to drift in operating frequency. To remedy these two problems, a novel scheme is proposed to automatically tune or detune the resonant frequency of the secondary circuit. Our closed-loop controlled tuning or detuning (CTD) approach can be used to prevent excessive power transfer by detuning, or to improve power transfer by tuning, depending on the need. Furthermore, this novel CTD scheme facilitates the use of multiple telemetric devices.
Deformation Microscopy for Dynamic Intracellular and Intranuclear Mapping of Mechanics with High Spatiotemporal Resolution (2019)

Structural heterogeneity is a hallmark of living cells that drives local mechanical properties and dynamic cellular responses. However, the robust quantification of intracellular mechanics is lacking from conventional methods. Here, we describe the development of deformation microscopy, which leverages conventional imaging and an automated hyperelastic warping algorithm to investigate strain history, deformation dynamics, and changes in structural heterogeneity within the interior of cells and cell nuclei. Using deformation microscopy, we found that partial or complete disruption of LINC complexes in cardiomyocytes in vitro and lamin A/C deficiency in myocytes in vivo abrogate dominant tensile loading in the nuclear interior. We also found that cells cultured on stiff substrates or in hyperosmotic conditions displayed abnormal strain burden and asymmetries at interchromatin regions, which are associated with active transcription. Deformation microscopy represents a foundational approach toward intracellular elastography, with the potential utility to provide mechanistic and quantitative insights in diverse mechanobiological applications.
MRI‐visible liquid crystal thermometer (2020)

The LC MR-visible thermometer had measurable changes in relative signal with temperature, which were invariant to a variety of imaging sequences used.
A new method for start-up of isolated boost converters using magnetic- and winding-integration (2012)

A new solution to the start-up and low output voltage operation of isolated boost family converters is presented. By the use of integrated magnetics and winding integration, the transformer secondary winding is re-used during start-up as a flyback winding coupled to the boost inductor. The traditional added flyback winding coupled to the boost inductor is thus eliminated from the circuit, bringing substantial cost savings, increased efficiency and simplified design. Each subinterval of the converter operation is described through electrical and magnetic circuit diagrams, and the concept is extended to other isolated boost family topologies. The principle of operation is demonstrated with a 800W isolated boost prototype, and a 1600W primary parallel series secondary isolated boost converter. Efficiency measurements of both prototypes are presented, including measurements during both start-up and normal boost operation.
Continuous measurement of the radon concentration in water using electret ion chamber method (1992)

A radon concentration of 300 pCi/L has been proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a limit for radon dissolved in municipal drinking water supplies. There is therefore a need for a continuous monitor to insure that the daily average concentration does not exceed this limit. In order to calibrate the system, varying concentrations of radon in water have been generated by bubbling radon laden air through a dynamic flowthrough water system. The value of steady state concentration of radon in water from this system depends on the concentration of radon in air, the air bubbling rate, and the water flow rate. The measurement system has been designed and tested using a 1 L volume electret ion chamber to determine the radon in water. In this dynamic method, water flows directly through the electret ion chamber. Radon is released to the air and measured with the electret. A flow of air is maintained through the chamber to prevent the build-up of high radon concentrations and too rapid discharge of the electret. It was found that the system worked well when the air flow was induced by the application of suction. The concentration in the water was calculated from the measured concentration in air and water and air flow rates. Preliminary results suggest that the method has sufficient sensitivity to measure concentrations of radon in water with acceptable accuracy and precision.
Identification of a 32-kilodalton protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae associated with hemadsorption. (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies directed against a 32-kilodalton (kDa) protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae have been used to characterize a hemadsorption-negative (HA-) mutant class whose protein profile was previously indistinguishable from the wild-type, hemadsorbing (HA+) strain. Electron microscopy and colloidal gold labeling techniques were applied for ultrastructural analysis of the 32-kDa protein. Results indicate that this protein clusters in the tip structure of M. pneumoniae (HA+) wild-type organisms. Additionally, the protein is precipitated by infected hamster sera.