gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steam-Stable Aluminosilicate Mesostructures Assembled from Zeolite Type Y Seeds (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSteam-Stable Aluminosilicate Mesostructures Assembled from Zeolite Type Y SeedsYu Liu, Wenzhong Zhang, and Thomas J. PinnavaiaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 36, 8791–8792Publication Date (Web):August 24, 2000Publication History Received11 May 2000Published online24 August 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja001615zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja001615zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3970Altmetric-Citations501LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aluminosilicate,Mesostructures,Precursors,Water,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
The Cerebellum and the Adaptive Coordination of Movement (1992)

Based on a review of cerebellar anatomy, neural discharge in relation to behavior, and focal ablation syndromes, we propose a model of cerebellar function that we believe is both comprehensive as to the available information (at these levels) and unique in several respects. The unique features are the inclusion of new information on (a) cerebellar output--its replicative representation of body maps in each of the deep nuclei, each coding a different type and context of movement, and each appearing to control movement of multiple body parts more than of single body parts; and (b) the newly assessed long length of the parallel fiber. The parallel fiber, by virtue of its connection through Purkinje cells to the deep nuclei, appears optimally designed to combine the actions at several joints and to link the modes of adjacent nuclei into more complex coordinated acts. We review the old question of whether the cerebellum is responsible for the coordination of body parts as opposed to the tuning of downstream executive centers, and conclude that it is both, through mechanisms that have been described in the cerebellar cortex. We argue that such a mechanism would require an adaptive capacity, and support the evidence and interpretation that it has one. We point out that many parts of the motor system may be involved in different types of motor learning for different purposes, and that the presence of the many does not exclude an existence of the one in the cerebellar cortex. The adaptive role of the cerebellar cortex would appear to be specialized for combining simpler elements of movement into more complex synergies, and also in enabling simple, stereotyped reflex apparatus to respond differently, specifically, and appropriately under different task conditions. Speed of learning and magnitude of memory for both novel synergies and task-specific performance modifications are other attributes of the cerebellar cortex.
Simulations and human cadaver head studies to identify optimal acoustic receiver locations for minimally invasive photoacoustic-guided neurosurgery (2020)

Real-time intraoperative guidance during minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures (e.g., endonasal transsphenoidal surgery) is often limited to endoscopy and CT-guided image navigation, which can be suboptimal at locating underlying blood vessels and nerves. Accidental damage to these critical structures can have severe surgical complications, including patient blindness and death. Photoacoustic image guidance was previously proposed as a method to prevent accidental injury. While the proposed technique remains promising, the original light delivery and sound reception components of this technology require alterations to make the technique suitable for patient use. This paper presents simulation and experimental studies performed with both an intact human skull (which was cleaned from tissue attachments) and a complete human cadaver head (with contents and surrounding tissue intact) in order to investigate optimal locations for ultrasound probe placement during photoacoustic imaging and to test the feasibility of a modified light delivery design. Volumetric x-ray CT images of the human skull were used to create k-Wave simulations of acoustic wave propagation within this cranial environment. Photoacoustic imaging of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was performed with this same skull. Optical fibers emitting 750 nm light were inserted into the nasal cavity for ICA illumination. The ultrasound probe was placed on three optimal regions identified by simulations: (1) nasal cavity, (2) ocular region, and (3) 1 mm-thick temporal bone (which received 9.2%, 4.7%, and 3.8% of the initial photoacoustic pressure, respectively, in simulations). For these three probe locations, the contrast of the ICA in comparative experimental photoacoustic images was 27 dB, 19 dB, and 12 dB, respectively, with delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming and laser pulse energies of 3 mJ, 5 mJ, and 4.2 mJ, respectively. Short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) beamforming improved the contrast of these DAS images by up to 15 dB, enabled visualization of multiple cross-sectional ICA views in a single image, and enabled the use of lower laser energies. Combined simulation and experimental results with the emptied skull and >1 mm-thick temporal bone indicated that the ocular and nasal regions were more optimal probe locations than the temporal ultrasound probe location. Results from both the same skull filled with ovine brains and eyes and the human cadaver head validate the ocular region as an optimal acoustic window for our current system setup, producing high-contrast (i.e., up to 35 dB) DAS and SLSC photoacoustic images within the laser safety limits of a novel, compact light delivery system design that is independent of surgical tools (i.e., a fiber bundle with 6.8 mm outer diameter, 2 mm-diameter optical aperture, and an air gap spacing between the sphenoid bone and fiber tips). These results are promising toward identifying, quantifying, and overcoming major system design barriers to proceed with future patient testing.
Nonreference Medical Image Edge Map Measure (2014)

Edge detection is a key step in medical image processing. It is widely used to extract features, perform segmentation, and further assist in diagnosis. A poor quality edge map can result in false alarms and misses in cancer detection algorithms. Therefore, it is necessary to have a reliable edge measure to assist in selecting the optimal edge map. Existing reference based edge measures require a ground truth edge map to evaluate the similarity between the generated edge map and the ground truth. However, the ground truth images are not available for medical images. Therefore, a nonreference edge measure is ideal for medical image processing applications. In this paper, a nonreference reconstruction based edge map evaluation (NREM) is proposed. The theoretical basis is that a good edge map keeps the structure and details of the original image thus would yield a good reconstructed image. The NREM is based on comparing the similarity between the reconstructed image with the original image using this concept. The edge measure is used for selecting the optimal edge detection algorithm and optimal parameters for the algorithm. Experimental results show that the quantitative evaluations given by the edge measure have good correlations with human visual analysis.
The reality editor : an open and universal tool for understanding and controlling the physical world (2017)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2017.
A High-Throughput <i>O</i>-Glycopeptide Discovery Platform for Seromic Profiling (2010)

Biomarker microarrays are becoming valuable tools for serological screening of disease-associated autoantibodies. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as glycosylation extend the range of protein function, and a variety of glycosylated proteins are known to be altered in disease progression. Here, we have developed a synthetic screening microarray platform for facile display of O-glycosylated peptides (O-PTMs). By introduction of a capping step during chemical solid-phase glycopeptide synthesis, selective enrichment of N-terminal glycopeptide end products was achieved on an amine-reactive hydrogel-coated microarray glass surface, allowing high-throughput display of large numbers of glycopeptides. Utilizing a repertoire of recombinant glycosyltransferases enabled further diversification of the array libraries in situ and display of a new level of potential biomarker candidates for serological screening. As proof-of-concept, we have demonstrated that MUC1 glycopeptides could be assembled and used to detect autoantibodies in vaccine-induced disease-free breast cancer patients and in patients with confirmed disease at time of diagnosis.
Location, transcription, and sequence of a baculovirus gene encoding a small arginine-rich polypeptide (1987)

The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA of an abundant late 0.5-kilobase transcript of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus revealed a small open reading frame encoding an arginine-rich 6.9-kilodalton protein. The predicted amino acid composition of the 6.9-kilodalton protein was essentially identical to that of the core protein of viral nucleocapsids. The precise location of the 5' and 3' ends of the transcript were confirmed by S1 nuclease and primer extension analyses. Multiple overlapping transcripts through this region include three early and three abundant late RNAs which are transcribed counterclockwise and one transient RNA which is transcribed clockwise with respect to the physical map of the virus.
Synthesis and QSAR Studies on the Antifungal Activity of 2,3,4‐Substituted Thiazolidines (2003)

Abstract 2,3,4‐Substituted Thiazolidines were synthesized and explored for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Tricophyton mentagrophyte and Aspergillus fumigatus. The 2D‐ and 3D‐QSAR studies indicate the usefulness of this skeleton as a potential scaffold to explore new antifungal agents. The activity of these compounds against Candida albicans appears to be non‐specific. For the remaining three fungal organisms, the 3D‐equations identified are based on three biophoric centers. In case of Cryptococcus neoformans and Tricophyton mentagrophyte , both 2D and 3D‐QSAR equations have highlighted the positive role of bulk properties of the compounds in deciding their antifungal activity. Among the models, the one against Aspergillus fumigatus is the most complex and identifies thiazolidines C4 and C2‐phenyl region as main players in deciding the activity in terms of steric and electronic properties, respectively. All these equations suggest the necessity of steric and hydrophobic groups at C4 substitution and C2‐phenyl moiety of thiazolidine for optimum and broad‐spectrum antifungal activity. Also, the models suggest that S1, N3, C2‐phenyl moiety, oxygen of t‐butyloxy carbonyl or benzoyl attached to N3 and carboxyl oxygen of C4 of thiazolidines are the part of most probable centers for biophoric sites.
Loss of heterozygosity at 11q22-q23 in breast cancer. (1994)

Studies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in breast tumor DNA suggest that several tumor suppressor genes participate in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Although the short arm of chromosome 11 has been implicated in breast cancer development, no previous LOH studies have indicated the involvement of a suppressor gene on 11q in breast carcinoma. To this end, tumor samples and corresponding normal tissue were collected from 62 unselected patients with primary breast cancer, and the extracted DNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using microsatellite markers on chromosome 11. We found that 39% of the tumors (22 of 57 informative cases) revealed allelic loss in the region 11q22-23, and this loss was independent of LOH found to occur on 11p15. Interestingly, more than 90% of the tumors showed concordant loss of alleles at both 11q and 17p. The marker D11S528, showing LOH in 39% of informative cases, had the highest frequency of LOH among the markers that were used. The data presented indicate that the common overlapping region of LOH is between the loci D11S35 and D11S29, suggesting that this area contains a tumor suppressor gene frequently lost in breast cancer.
Smoking in Pregnancy, Exhaled Carbon Monoxide, and Birth Weight (1997)

Substantial reductions in cigarette consumption or in exhaled carbon monoxide levels after the first prenatal visit are needed to achieve gains in birth weight. Not smoking, or having an exhaled carbon monoxide level less than 5 ppm minimizes the likelihood of having an LBW infant.
The Damage Signals Hypothesis of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis (2008)

Virtually none of the hypotheses on Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis address the earliest events that trigger the molecular alterations that precede cerebral degeneration and account for the diversity of risk factors that converge on a well-defined disease phenotype. We propose that long-term activation of the innate immune system by an individual array of risk factors constitutes a unifying mechanism leading to the triggering of an inflammatory cascade that converges in cytoskeletal alterations (tau aggregation, paired helical filament formation) as a previously hypothesized final common pathway in AD. The key pathogenic phenomena consist in the long-term, maladaptive activation of innate immunity-triggering receptors--such as the toll-like and advanced glycation end-products receptors, and others located in the microglial membrane--by seemingly heterogeneous risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, head injury, amyloid oligomers, etc. Our hypothesis provides a unifying mechanism that explains both the diversity of risk factors acting over long periods of time and the individual response to such insults. This formulation is amenable to both empirical testing and implementation into therapeutic strategies that may lead to effective prevention of AD as well as other disorders in which impaired regulation of the innate immunity is the unifying cause of the condition.
Vinyl azides in heterocyclic synthesis. Part 3. Isolation of azirine trimers (1,3,8-triazatricyclo[4.3.0.0<sup>3,5</sup>]non-7-enes) and intramolecular interception of nitrile ylides by neighbouring π-bonds or nucleophiles (1986)

Photolysis of azidocinnamates (1a–e) at 300 nm in light petroleum gives exclusively the triazatricyclononenes (7a–e) in a highly stereospecific trimerisation of the corresponding azirine (2). A mechanism is proposed involving the sequence: azide (1)→ azirine (2)→ nitrile ylide (8)→ dimer (9)→ azomethine ylide (10)→ trimer (7)(Scheme 2). This mechanism not only rationalizes the formation of the trimers (7), rather than dimers or oligomers, but also their stereochemistry. Further evidence for it is provided by photolyses of the azidocinnamates (1f–h) which give the ‘dimer’(13), the cyclopropaisoquinoline (16), and the imidazopyridine (20), respectively; these three products result from intramolecular interception of the azomethine ylide or nitrile ylide intermediates.
Surface Passivation Improves the Synthesis of Highly Stable and Specific DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles with Variable DNA Density (2015)

We report a novel and multifaceted approach for the quick synthesis of highly stable single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The method is based on the combined effect of surface passivation by (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl)hexa(ethylene glycol) and low pH conditions, does not require any salt pretreatment or high excess of ssDNA, and can be generalized for oligonucleotides of any length or base sequence. The synthesized ssDNA-coated AuNPs conjugates are stable at salt concentrations as high as 3.0 M, and also functional and specific toward DNA-DNA hybridization, as shown from UV-vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, and small angle X-ray scattering based analyses. The method is highly flexible and shows an additional advantage of creating ssDNA-AuNP conjugates with a predefined number of ssDNA strands per particle. Its simplicity and tenability make it widely applicable to diverse biosensing applications involving ssDNA functionalized AuNPs.
Extracting Concepts' Relations and Users' Preferences for Personalizing Query Disambiguation (2009)

For most Web searching applications, queries are commonly ambiguous because words usually contain several meanings. Traditional Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) methods use statistic models or ontology-based knowledge models to find the most appropriate sense for the ambiguous word. Since queries are usually short, the contexts of the queries may not always provide enough information for disambiguating queries. Thus, more than one interpretation may be found for one ambiguous query. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based WSD method, which finds out all appropriate interpretations for the query. Because some senses of one ambiguous word usually have very close semantic relations, we group those similar senses together for explaining the ambiguous word in one interpretation. If the cluster-based WSD method generates several contradictory interpretations for one ambiguous query, we extract users’ preferences from clickthrough data, and determine suitable concepts or concepts’ clusters that meet users’ interests for explaining the ambiguous query.
Chemoresistance in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Regulated by miRNAs and Hedgehog Pathway (2012)

Many prostate cancers relapse due to the generation of chemoresistance rendering first-line treatment drugs like paclitaxel (PTX) ineffective. The present study aims to determine the role of miRNAs and Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in chemoresistant prostate cancer and to evaluate the combination therapy using Hh inhibitor cyclopamine (CYA). Studies were conducted on PTX resistant DU145-TXR and PC3-TXR cell lines and clinical prostate tissues. Drug sensitivity and apoptosis assays showed significantly improved cytotoxicity with combination of PTX and CYA. To distinguish the presence of cancer stem cell like side populations (SP), Hoechst 33342 flow cytometry method was used. PTX resistant DU145 and PC3 cells, as well as human prostate cancer tissue possess a distinct SP fraction. Nearly 75% of the SP cells are in the G0/G1 phase compared to 62% for non-SP cells and have higher expression of stem cell markers as well. SP cell fraction was increased following PTX monotherapy and treatment with CYA or CYA plus PTX effectively reduced their numbers suggesting the effectiveness of combination therapy. SP fraction cells were allowed to differentiate and reanalyzed by Hoechst staining and gene expression analysis. Post differentiation, SP cells constitute 15.8% of total viable cells which decreases to 0.6% on treatment with CYA. The expression levels of P-gp efflux protein were also significantly decreased on treatment with PTX and CYA combination. MicroRNA profiling of DU145-TXR and PC3-TXR cells and prostate cancer tissue from the patients showed decreased expression of tumor suppressor miRNAs such as miR34a and miR200c. Treatment with PTX and CYA combination restored the expression of miR200c and 34a, confirming their role in modulating chemoresistance. We have shown that supplementing mitotic stabilizer drugs such as PTX with Hh-inhibitor CYA can reverse PTX chemoresistance and eliminate SP fraction in androgen independent, metastatic prostate cancer cell lines.
Differential Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Human Dendritic Cells upon <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Infection (2004)

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases in humans. Both genital and ocular C. trachomatis infections are associated with tissue inflammation and pathology. Dendritic cells (DC) play an important role in both innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial pathogens and are a source of inflammatory cytokines. To determine the potential contribution of DC to the inflammatory process, human DC were infected with C. trachomatis serovar E or L2. Both C. trachomatis serovars were found to infect and replicate in DC. Upon infection, DC up-regulated the expression of costimulatory (B7-1) and cell adhesion (ICAM-1) molecules. Furthermore, chlamydial infection induced the secretion of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The mechanisms involved in Chlamydia-induced IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion differed from those of the other cytokines. Chlamydia-induced IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion required infection with viable bacteria and was associated with the Chlamydia-induced activation of caspase-1 in infected host cells. In contrast, TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion did not require that the Chlamydia be viable, suggesting that there are at least two mechanisms involved in the Chlamydia-induced cytokine secretion in DC. Interestingly, an antibody to Toll-like receptor 4 inhibited Chlamydia-induced IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha secretion. The data herein demonstrate that DC can be infected by human C. trachomatis serovars and that chlamydial components regulate the secretion of various cytokines in DC. Collectively, these data suggest that DC play a role in the inflammatory processes caused by chlamydial infections.
Preparation and Chromatographic Analysis of Phlorotannins (2013)

In the 70s, reports began to appear of phenolic metabolites of brown algae with the characteristics of tannins; these compounds, initially termed phaeophyte tannins, marine algal polyphenols or polyphloroglucinols, are known as phlorotannins, the youngest group of plant polyphenolics. Despite over 40 years of research in phlorotannins, this area is still in the exponential growth phase; however, several reviews have appeared, primarily concerning their biological activity. This review focuses on techniques for the extraction, isolation and chromatographic purification of approximately 150 phlorotannins during these four decades. Due to the high structural diversity of these polyphenols and the difficulty of classification, these topics are also reviewed: structural diversity and classification, extraction and preparative chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-mass spectrometry. These techniques have primarily been used for separation monitoring and qualitative profiles, and not too many reports have been published on the development of quantification or quality control.
A new multiphase multi-interleaving buck converter with bypass LC (2010)

As the number of transistors in microprocessors increases, their power demand increases accordingly. This poses design challenges for their power supply module called VRM (Voltage Regulator Module) especially when operated at sub voltage range. This paper presents the design of a new multiphase multi-interleaving topology that addresses these challenges. A lab scaled hardware prototype of the new topology shows improved load regulation, output voltage ripple and dynamic response time compared to a commercially available power supply module.