gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporating spatial information in binaural beamforming for noise suppression in hearing aids (2015)

In this paper, we propose a beamforming algorithm for binaural hearing aids with enhanced noise suppression capability. The enhancement is based on incorporating a priori spatial information into the conventional multichannel Wiener filtering (MWF) approach for noise suppression. We develop a low complexity algorithm for the resulting quadratically constrained beamforming problem. Through numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the new algorithm can achieve better noise suppression performance than the existing beamforming algorithms under fairly realistic conditions. In addition, we propose two techniques to further reduce the algorithm's computational complexity and the communication overhead between two hearing aids without sacrificing the noise suppression performance.
Performance of high-power III-nitride light emitting diodes (2008)

The performance of III-nitride based high-power light emitting diodes .(LEDs) is reviewed. Direct color high-power LEDs with l × 1 mm 2 chip size in commercial LUXEON ® Rebel packages are shown to exhibit external quantum efficiencies at a drive current of 350 mA ranging from ∼60% at a peak wavelength of ∼420 nm to ∼27% at ∼525 nm. The short wavelength blue LED emits ∼615 mW at 350 mA and >2 W at 1.5 A. The green LED emits ∼110 1m at 350 mA and ∼270 lm at 1.5 A. Phosphor-conversion white LEDs (1 × 1 mm 2 chip size) are demonstrated that emit ∼126 lm of white light when driven at 350 mA and 381 lm when driven at 1.5 A (Correlated Color Temperature, CCT ∼ 4700 K). In a similar LED that employs a double heterostructure (DH) instead of a multi-quantum well (MQW) active region, the luminous flux increases to 435 lm (CCT ∼ 5000 K) at 1.5 A drive current. Also discussed are experimental techniques that enable the separation of internal quantum efficiency and extraction efficiency. One technique derives the internal quantum efficiency from temperature and excitation-dependent photoluminescence measurements. A second technique relies on variable-temperature electroluminescence measurements and enables the estimation of the extraction efficiency. Both techniques are shown to yield consistent results and indicate that the internal quantum efficiency of short wavelength blue (λ ∼ 420 nm) high-power LEDs is as high as 71% even at a drive current of 350 mA.
Post Quantum Cryptographic Keys Generated with Physical Unclonable Functions (2021)

Lattice and code cryptography can replace existing schemes such as elliptic curve cryptography because of their resistance to quantum computers. In support of public key infrastructures, the distribution, validation and storage of the cryptographic keys is then more complex for handling longer keys. This paper describes practical ways to generate keys from physical unclonable functions, for both lattice and code-based cryptography. Handshakes between client devices containing the physical unclonable functions (PUFs) and a server are used to select sets of addressable positions in the PUFs, from which streams of bits called seeds are generated on demand. The public and private cryptographic key pairs are computed from these seeds together with additional streams of random numbers. The method allows the server to independently validate the public key generated by the PUF, and act as a certificate authority in the network. Technologies such as high performance computing, and graphic processing units can further enhance security by preventing attackers from making this independent validation when only equipped with less powerful computers.
A Conjunctival Retractor for Retinal Surgery (1987)

To the Editor. —Retracting the conjunctiva is a necessary and important aspect of retinal surgery. Several retractors have been designed for specific purposes, including the Arruga retractor, 1 Schepen's forked retractor, 2 Charles' microretinal retractor, 3 and Mizuno's window retractor. 4 Our retractor combines several of the features of these retractors into one instrument (Figure). The metal faces are curved, allowing maximum retraction of the conjunctiva from the sclera. Its two head sizes on one retractor increases the retractor's versatility without increasing the number of instruments on the operating tray. The retractor has a dull finish that prevents bothersome reflections. The widened portion of each head can be grasped by the assistant while retracting with the opposite head. A new feature is the circumferential slot alignment, which facilitates passage of horizontal mattress sutures, without prolapse of orbital tissues.
Channel effects and mitigation approaches in free-space and underwater optical communications using orbital angular momentum multiplexing (2016)

We discuss atmospheric turbulence effects and turbulence mitigation approaches in free-space optical links employing multiplexing of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beams. We also describe the use of OAM multiplexing for high-capacity underwater optical transmission.
Specimen quality constraints for a molecular diagnostic test using gene expression ratios (2006)

Differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma (ADCA) of the lung from malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is sometimes difficult by routine pathology. We developed a method based on the ratios of selected gene expression levels to create simple diagnostic tests. Three expression ratios comprising six genes (selected by transcriptional profiling of tumor‐rich samples) can be combined to accurately distinguish tumor‐rich samples of these two cancers (Cancer Res 62:4963,2002). We investigated the minimum tumor content required in a test sample for an accurate gene ratio test result. Total RNA obtained from 6 ADCA and 7 MPM samples was diluted with RNA obtained from uninvolved lung and pleura, respectively, from the same resection specimens to create sets of test samples estimated to contain between 0% and 70% tumor RNA in 10% increments (2 μg RNA per sample). All samples were reverse‐transcribed (Taq‐Man) and expression levels of the six diagnostic genes ( calretinin [GenBank #X56667], claudin‐7 [AJ011497], VAC‐ β [X16662], TACSTD1 [M93036], MRC OX‐2 antigen [X05323], and TITF‐1 [U43203]) were measured using quantitative real‐time RT PCR (SYBR‐Green; 40 cycles). The ratio test accurately diagnosed ADCA samples containing at least 10% tumor RNA and MPM samples containing at least 20% tumor RNA. Misdiagnosis of both tumor types occurred below these levels, however, highlighting the importance of specimen quality assessment as the clinical utility of this test is further evaluated. Supported by NCI‐CA105249
A Piezoelectric Twisting Beam Actuator (2017)

We present a novel piezoelectric bulk-unimorph beam actuator that can be directly driven in twisting. The bulk-unimorph beam is driven by interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), deposited over its top and bottom surfaces. These IDEs are oriented at 45° relative to the beam axis, and they are used for both poling and actuation. When subjected to a driving voltage, the IDEs induce both axial and shear stresses in the vicinity of the surface over which they are deposited. These stresses give rise to both internal bending and internal torsion moments. When one set of electrodes, either on the top or the bottom surface, is used to drive the lead zirconate titanate beam, a coupled bending/twisting response is induced. However, when both the top and bottom electrodes are used, we can achieve either a pure torsion mode or a pure bending mode, with no cross coupling, depending on the driving scheme. [2016-0313].
Identification of a 16,600-dalton outer membrane protein on nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as a target for human serum bactericidal antibody. (1986)

A 16,600-D outer membrane protein is present in all strains of Haemophilus influenzae and antibodies to this protein are present in human serum. This study was designed to assess the role of this outer membrane protein (P6) in nontypeable H. influenzae as a target for human serum bactericidal antibody. P6 was isolated and coupled to an affinity column. Depleting normal human serum of antibodies to P6 by affinity chromatography resulted in reduced bactericidal activity of that serum for nontypeable H. influenzae. Immunopurified antibodies to P6 from human serum were bactericidal. Finally, preincubation of bacteria with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a surface epitope on P6, inhibited human serum bactericidal killing. Taken together, these experiments establish that P6 is a target for human bactericidal antibodies. This observation provides evidence that P6 plays a potentially important role in human immunity to infection by nontypeable H. influenzae.
Sacrificial layer for the fabrication of electroformed cantilevered LIGA microparts (2003)

The use of silver filled PMMA as a sacrificial layer for the fabrication of multilevel LIGA microparts is presented. In this technique, a bottom level of standard electroformed LIGA parts is first produced on a metallized substrate such as a silicon wafer. A methyl methacrylate formulation mixed with silver particles is then cast and polymerized around the bottom level of metal parts to produce a conducting sacrificial layer. A second level of PMMA x-ray resist is adhered to the bottom level of metal parts and conducting PMMA and patterned to form another level of electroformed features. This presentation will discuss some the requirements for the successful fabrication of multilevel, cantilevered LIGA microparts. It will be shown that by using a silver filled PMMA, a sacrificial layer can be quickly applied around LIGA components; cantilevered microparts can be electroformed; and the final parts can be quickly released by dissolving the sacrificial layer in acetone.
An Efficient Refolding Method for the Preparation of Recombinant Human Prethrombin-2 and Characterization of the Recombinant-Derived  -Thrombin (2001)

Human recombinant prethrombin-2 was produced in Escherichia coli. The expressed prethrombin-2 formed intracellular inclusion bodies from which the protein was refolded by a simple one-step dilution process in buffer consisting of 50 mM Tris-HCl, containing 20 mM CaCl(2), 500 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 600 mM arginine, 1 mM cysteine, 0.1 mM cystine, 10% (v/v) glycerol, and 0.2% (w/v) Brij-58 at pH 8.5. After refolding, prethrombin-2 was purified by hirudin-based COOH-terminal peptide affinity chromatography, and then activated with Echis carinatus snake venom prothrombin activator (ecarin). The activated protein, alpha-thrombin, was then tested for several activities including activity toward chromogenic substrate, release of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen, activation of protein C, and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, reactivity with antithrombin, clotting activity, and platelet aggregation. The kinetic data showed no differences in activity between our recombinant alpha-thrombin and plasma-derived alpha-thrombin. The yield of refolded recombinant human prethrombin-2 was about 4-7% of the starting amount of solubilized protein. In addition, the final yield of purified refolded protein was 0.5-1%, and about 1 mg of recombinant prethrombin-2 could be isolated from 1 liter of E. coli cell culture.
Acoustic and Electroacoustic Spectroscopy (1996)

Both acoustic and electroacoustic spectroscopy are related to a sound propagation through a heterogeneous system such as a suspension or an emulsion. An acoustic spectrometer measures only the changes in the properties of the sound wave, whereas an electroacoustic spectrometer deals with coupling between electrodynamic phenomena and the sound wave pressure field. Acoustic and electroacoustic spectroscopy are independent methods because the attenuation has little effect on the electroacoustic spectra and conversely electrokinetic phenomena have negligible effect on the attenuation spectra. Both techniques require a comprehensive theory to extract information about the particle size distribution or electrosurface parameters such as zeta potential from the measured spectra. The existing acoustic theory takes into account both compression and shear waves generated by oscillating particles. In contrast, the present theory for electroacoustics considers only shear waves. We will show that compression waves can also be important in electroacoustic phenomena. In fact, compression waves cause the dominant effect for conducting particles at the sufficiently low frequencies. As one would expect, each technique has advantages and disadvantages. Acoustic spectroscopy cannot give a complete characterization of the disperse system because it is able to characterize only particle size distribution. Electroacoustic spectroscopy, in certain cases, can provide a more complete characterization but requires assumptions about the sample which may not be valid, particularly in concentrated systems. A new approach is suggested here which combines acoustic and electroacoustic spectroscopy and eliminates the disadvantages of both.
Electrospinning <i>Bombyx mori </i>Silk with Poly(ethylene oxide) (2002)

Electrospinning for the formation of nanoscale diameter fibers has been explored for high-performance filters and biomaterial scaffolds for vascular grafts or wound dressings. Fibers with nanoscale diameters provide benefits due to high surface area. In the present study we explore electrospinning for protein-based biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds and membranes from regenerated silkworm silk, Bombyx mori, solutions. To improve processability of the protein solution, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with molecular weight of 900,000 was blended with the silk fibroin. A variety of compositions of the silk/PEO aqueous blends were successfully electrospun. The morphology of the fibers was characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Fiber diameters were uniform and less than 800 nm. The composition was estimated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize silk/PEO surface content. Aqueous-based electrospining of silk and silk/PEO blends provides potentially useful options for the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds based on this unique fibrous protein.
A Multi-Hop Agent-Based Traffic Signal Timing System for the City of Richardson (2018)

In this paper, we present a multi-agent Traffic Signal Timing system (TST) where intersection controller agents collaborate with one another across congested areas of the traffic network. The multi-hop agent-based traffic system is based on the TST of the City of Richardson, Texas, and is intended to be deployed with minimal changes to the infrastructure.
Improvement of the Efficiency of Water Jet Cutting by Oscillation. Effect of Amplitude of Oscillation. (1994)

An oscillating jet nozzle has been developed to improve the efficiency of water jet cutting. In this nozzle several piezo-electric transducers attached to an oscillation plate give high-frequency oscillation to inner high-pressure water. These transducers were driven by the electric circuit composed of a function generator, an amplifier and a matching box. Thus the amplitude of oscillation can be controlled arbitrarily. As a pre-experiment, the amplitude of oscillation was measured by means of a laser vibrometer. The cutting performance of the present nozzle has been examined. Furthermore, mechanisms for improving water jet cutting efficiency are discussed.
Processing of Transcranial Doppler for assessment of blood volume loss (2009)

Among all fields of critical patient care, hemorrhagic shock, which is encountered in most traumatic injuries, is a significant factor associated with the chance of survival. Then, it is highly desirable to assess the severity of blood loss and predict the occurrence of hemorrhagic shock (HS) from biomedical signals. In this study, Transcranial Doppler (TCD) signal is used to predict and classify the degree of severity of blood loss either as mild, moderate, and severe or as severe and non-severe. The data for this study were generated using the human simulated model of hemorrhage which is called lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The analysis is done by applying discrete wavelet transformation (DWT). The wavelet-based features are defined using the detail and approximate coefficients and machine learning algorithms. The objective of this study is to assess our methods of processing TCD signal for predicting the hemorrhagic. The results of this study show the prediction accuracy of 84.2% achieved by support vector machine for predicting severe/non-severe states.
Analysis of a new microwave low-loss and velocity-matched III-V transmission line for traveling-wave electrooptic modulators (1990)

A new microwave transmission line with low loss and velocity matched to a lightwave for a III-V traveling-wave electrooptic modulator has been analyzed using the spectral domain technique. A bandwidth of >40 GHz and a half-wave voltage V/sub pi / of <6 V are predicted for the modulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Simplified Transceiver Structure for Cyclic Extended CDMA System with Frequency Domain Equalization (2005)

In this paper, a new cyclic-extended block-spreading CDMA (CEBS-CDMA) system is proposed to combat multiple access interference (MAI) efficiently over a frequency selective fading channel for an asynchronous reverse link transmission. Attribute to the block spreading, the MAI is minimized due to the small channel variation across consecutive blocks in a typical high speed system, where the signaling block duration is very short. It suggests a simplified transceiver structure with symbol-wise efficient frequency domain equalization (FDE) to improve the performance and reduce the complexity under frequency selective fading channels. A new cell-specific scrambling code is proposed with the CEBS-CDMA system for a multi-cell environment reverse link transmission, suppressing other-cell interference (OCI) efficiently. The simulation results show that the proposed CEBS-CDMA system achieves much better performance of multiple users compared to the conventional direct sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) and cyclic prefix-CDMA systems.
Current-handling and switching performance of MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT) structures (1991)

Experimental results are reported for array-type MCT devices fabricated using a BiMOS process with additional power-specific fabrication steps. Stationary measurements of both the thyristor forward behavior and the intrinsic p-channel MOSFET switch characteristics are an indication of the device quality. Through dynamic testing procedures, the device was analyzed in its transient current handling. The combination of anode current and blocking voltage values is the highest ever reported on MCT devices (2 kV, 5 A, in 2 mu s).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of a urate transporter, ABCG2, with a common functional polymorphism causing gout (2009)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a wide variety of complex diseases, but do not address gene function or establish causality of disease-associated SNPs. We recently used GWAS to identify SNPs in a genomic region on chromosome 4 that associate with serum urate levels and gout, a consequence of elevated urate levels. Here we show using functional assays that human ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, 2 (ABCG2), encoded by the ABCG2 gene contained in this region, is a hitherto unknown urate efflux transporter. We further show that native ABCG2 is located in the brush border membrane of kidney proximal tubule cells, where it mediates renal urate secretion. Introduction of the mutation Q141K encoded by the common SNP rs2231142 by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in 53% reduced urate transport rates compared to wild-type ABCG2 (P < 0.001). Data from a population-based study of 14,783 individuals support rs2231142 as the causal variant in the region and show highly significant associations with urate levels [whites: P = 10(-30), minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.11; blacks P = 10(-4), MAF 0.03] and gout (adjusted odds ratio 1.68 per risk allele, both races). Our data indicate that at least 10% of all gout cases in whites are attributable to this causal variant. With approximately 3 million US individuals suffering from often insufficiently treated gout, ABCG2 represents an attractive drug target. Our study completes the chain of evidence from association to causation and supports the common disease-common variant hypothesis in the etiology of gout.
Abstract 857: Development of a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor - ONO-WG-307, a potential treatment for B-cell malignancies (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Signals from B cell receptors (BCR) play a central role in signal transduction pathways regulating survival, activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B-lineage lymphoid cells. BCR signaling is implicated in the survival of malignant B cells and recent studies indicate that targeting Btk, an essential component of the BCR pathway, may be effective in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. ONO-WG-307 is a highly potent and selective Btk inhibitor with an IC50 in the sub-nmol/L range. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of ONO-WG-307 alone and in combination with the chimeric type I anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, using in vitro tumor growth assays and mouse xenograft models. Methods: Two types of tumor cell lines (follicular lymphoma (FL) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) sub-type of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)) wereplated on to micro-titration plates (at doses up to 200 umol/L for ONO-WG-307 and 100 ug/mL for rituximab) for in vitro cytotoxic assays. The same cells were also implanted subcutaneously (SC) into female SCID mice to explore ONO-WG-307 anti-tumor activity in vivo (orally at doses up to 50 mg/kg, bid for ONO-WG-307 and intraperitoneally at doses up to 10 mg/kg, q7d). The IC50 of the in vitro cytotoxic activity was determined using a MTS assay 72 and 96 hours after incubation. Anti-tumor activity was defined as the ratio of the median tumor volume of treatment groups versus control group. The determination of combination index (CI) was calculated by the median-effect method. The CI was used to express synergism (&lt;1), additivity (=1) or antagonism (&gt;1). Results: In the MTS assay, ABC-DLBCL cells were much more sensitive to ONO-WG-307 given as single agent compared with FL cell lines, however, the activity of rituximab single agent had no impact on ABC-DLBCL cell lines in contrast to its inhibitory activity against FL cell lines. When ONO-WG-307 was combined with rituximab, a moderate antagonism was observed in vitro on FL cell lines. In an ABC-DLBCL xenograft model, treatment with single agent ONO-WG-307 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth and also showed moderate anti-tumor activity in a FL xenograft model. Conclusion: ONO-WG-307 is a highly potent and selective oral Btk inhibitor with evidence of efficacy in both the ABC-DLBCL and the FL cell lines and in xenograft models. These preliminary results suggest that ONO-WG-307 may be an effective therapy in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. To determine whether combination of ONO-WG-307 and rituximab is more efficacious, additional in vivo combination work is underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 857. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-857