gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for counting the number of persons using IR image processing (2002)

For security purpose, the counter for the number of persons who pass a door is required. Several kinds of counters, such as the automatic wickets of stations or the rotation-bar entrances of museums, parks have developed. But these are in contact with persons or obstruct the paths because non-contact type of those call not count correctly. We propose an algorithm for non-contact counting of the number of persons without the recognition of each individuals. The algorithm is for infrared (IR) images and the images are processed in a personal computer with a frame-memory board. The images were replayed with a video deck in off-line manner and the algorithm exhibits to give the accuracy of 90%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hollow polycarbonate waveguides with inner Cu coatings for delivery of terahertz radiation (2004)

Terahertz (THz) radiation has important applications in spectroscopy, imaging, and space science. Fiber optics for the THz region have been limited to rigid hollow metallic waveguides or short lengths of solid-core transparent dielectrics such as sapphire and plastic. We have fabricated flexible, hollow polycarbonate waveguides with interior Cu coatings for broadband THz transmission using simple liquid-phase chemistry techniques. The losses for these hollow-core guides were measured using a tunable, cw single-mode far IR laser. The losses for the best guides were found to be less than four dB/m and the single mode of the laser was preserved for the smaller bore waveguides.
Inflammation and coagulation (2010)

In the pathogenesis of sepsis, inflammation and coagulation play a pivotal role. Increasing evidence points to an extensive cross-talk between these two systems, whereby inflammation leads to activation of coagulation, and coagulation also considerably affects inflammatory activity. Molecular pathways that contribute to inflammation-induced activation of coagulation have been precisely identified. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators are capable of activating the coagulation system and down-regulating important physiologic anticoagulant pathways. Activation of the coagulation system and ensuing thrombin generation is dependent on expression of tissue factor and the simultaneous down-regulation of endothelial-bound anticoagulant mechanisms and endogenous fibrinolysis. Conversely, activated coagulation proteases may affect specific cellular receptors on inflammatory cells and endothelial cells and thereby modulate the inflammatory response.
Linear space direct pattern sampling using coupling from the past (2012)

This paper shows how coupling from the past (CFTP) can be used to avoid time and memory bottlenecks in direct local pattern sampling procedures. Such procedures draw controlled amounts of suitably biased samples directly from the pattern space of a given dataset in polynomial time. Previous direct pattern sampling methods can produce patterns in rapid succession after some initial preprocessing phase. This preprocessing phase, however, turns out to be prohibitive in terms of time and memory for many datasets. We show how CFTP can be used to avoid any super-linear preprocessing and memory requirements. This allows to simulate more complex distributions, which previously were intractable. We show for a large number of public real-world datasets that these new algorithms are fast to execute and their pattern collections outperform previous approaches both in unsupervised as well as supervised contexts.
Revised Prognostic Staging System for Light Chain Amyloidosis Incorporating Cardiac Biomarkers and Serum Free Light Chain Measurements (2012)

Incorporation of serum FLC-diff into the current staging system improves risk stratification for patients with AL amyloidosis and will help develop risk-adapted therapies for AL amyloidosis.
Purification of cholesterol oxidase by affinity chromatography (2000)

Set up the affinity chromatography according to the affinity between the cholesterol oxidase and its substrate cholesterol. The culture broth by salt precipitation and dialysis can be subjected to the affinity chromatography. The option condition of the chromatography was determined and the specific activity increased from 0.45U/mg to 15.5U/mg.
Biomedical Uses for 2D Materials Beyond Graphene: Current Advances and Challenges Ahead (2016)

Currently, a broad interdisciplinary research effort is pursued on biomedical applications of 2D materials (2DMs) beyond graphene, due to their unique physicochemical and electronic properties. The discovery of new 2DMs is driven by the diverse chemical compositions and tuneable characteristics offered. Researchers are increasingly attracted to exploit those as drug delivery systems, highly efficient photothermal modalities, multimodal therapeutics with non-invasive diagnostic capabilities, biosensing, and tissue engineering. A crucial limitation of some of the 2DMs is their moderate colloidal stability in aqueous media. In addition, the lack of suitable functionalisation strategies should encourage the exploration of novel chemical methodologies with that purpose. Moreover, the clinical translation of these emerging materials will require undertaking of fundamental research on biocompatibility, toxicology and biopersistence in the living body as well as in the environment. Here, a thorough account of the biomedical applications using 2DMs explored today is given.
HtrA is the unique surface housekeeping protease in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> and is required for natural protein processing (2000)

We identified an exported protease in Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis strain IL1403 belonging to the HtrA/DegP family. Inactivation of the chromosomal gene (htrALl) encoding this protease (HtrALl) results in growth thermo-sensitivity at very high temperatures (above 37 degrees C for L. lactis). The role of htrALl in extracellular proteolysis under normal growth conditions was examined by testing the stability of different exported proteins (i.e. fusions, a heterologous pre-pro-protein or a native protein containing repeats), having different locations. In the wild-type (wt) strain, degradation products, including the C-terminal protein ends, were present in the medium, indicating that proteolysis occurs during or after export to the cell surface; in one case, degradation was nearly total. In contrast, proteolysis was totally abolished in the htrA strain for all five proteins tested, and the yield of full-length products was significantly increased. These results suggest that HtrALl is the sole extracellular protease that degrades abnormal exported proteins. In addition, our results reveal that HtrALl is needed for the pro-peptide processing of a natural pro-protein and for maturation of a native protein. We propose that in lactococci, and possibly in other Gram-positive organisms with small sized-genomes, a single surface protease, HtrA, is totally responsible for the housekeeping of exported proteins.
[Individualized therapy is the future of diagnosis and treatment for colorectal cancer]. (2012)

Colorectal cancer has become one of the most common malignant tumors that affects Chinese's health. Recurrence and metastasis are main reasons for death of colorectal cancer patients. Making up individualized and comprehensive therapeutic strategy according to patients' specific matters is the developmental direction of diagnosis and treatment for colorectal cancer. Only if standardize clinical pathway, perfect postoperative follow-up system, and accelerate research development on biomarkers, individualized therapy of colorectal cancer can be accomplished.
Vaccination to prevent varicella and shingles (2001)

Vaccination of healthy children against varicella using the live attenuated Oka vaccine has been available in Japan and south Korea for several years. In 1996, a programme of universal vaccination of children to prevent varicella was introduced in the USA and other countries, including Canada, Germany, and Sweden, have licensed the vaccine for use in healthy children. This article reviews the origin of the Oka vaccine and the evidence for vaccine safety and efficacy in children and adults. Universal vaccination of children and targeted vaccination of groups at risk of severe varicella are discussed. The possible use of the Oka vaccine to prevent zoster is reviewed, and initiatives to develop new varicella zoster virus vaccines are outlined.
Transparent Data Encryption for Data-in-Use and Data-at-Rest in a Cloud-Based Database-as-a-Service Solution (2015)

With high and growing supply of Database-as-a-Service solutions from cloud platform vendors, many enterprises still show moderate to low demand for them. Even though migration to a DaaS solution might result in a significantly reduced bill for IT maintenance, data security and privacy issues are among the reasons of low popularity of these services. Such a migration is also often only justified if it could be done seamlessly, with as few changes to the system as possible. Transparent Data Encryption could help, but solutions for TDE shipped with major database systems are limited to securing only data-at-rest, and appear to be useless if the machine could be physically accessed by the adversary, which is a probable risk when hosting in the cloud. This paper proposes a different approach to TDE, which takes into account cloud-specific risks, extends encryption to cover data-in-use and partly data-in-motion, and is capable of executing large subsets of SQL including heavy relational operations, complex operations over attributes, and transactions.
Dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex interactions during self-control of cigarette craving (2013)

Drug-related cues induce craving, which may perpetuate drug use or trigger relapse in addicted individuals. Craving is also under the influence of other factors in daily life, such as drug availability and self-control. Neuroimaging studies using drug cue paradigms have shown frontal lobe involvement in this contextual influence on cue reactivity, but have not clarified how and which frontal area accounts for this phenomenon. We explored frontal lobe contributions to cue-induced drug craving under different intertemporal drug availability conditions by combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging in smokers. We hypothesized that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) regulates craving during changes in intertemporal availability. Subjective craving was greater when cigarettes were immediately available, and this effect was eliminated by transiently inactivating the DLPFC with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that the signal most proportional to subjective craving was located in the medial orbitofrontal cortex across all contexts, whereas the DLPFC most strongly encoded intertemporal availability information. The craving-related signal in the medial orbitofrontal cortex was attenuated by inactivation of the DLPFC, particularly when cigarettes were immediately available. Inactivation of the DLPFC also reduced craving-related signals in the anterior cingulate and ventral striatum, areas implicated in transforming value signals into action. These findings indicate that DLPFC builds up value signals based on knowledge of drug availability, and support a model wherein aberrant circuitry linking dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices may underlie addiction.
A comprehensive analytical subthreshold swing (S) model for double-gate MOSFETs (2002)

A general analytical subthreshold swing (S) model for symmetric DG MOSFETs is derived using evanescent-mode analysis. Through a concept of effective conducting path, it explains a unique doping concentration (N/sub A/) dependence of S, providing a unified understanding of previous S models and leading to a new improved S model for undoped DG MOSFETs. Compact, explicit expressions of a scale length are derived, which expedite projections of scalability of DG MOSFETs and its requirement.
Torsional vibration suppression control in 2-mass system by state feedback speed controller (2002)

In this paper, observer-based state feedback speed controller for torsional vibration suppression of a 2-mass system is proposed. Because of the difficulty of measuring the load speed and the shaft torque in real plant, the reduced observer is used to estimate not only the unknown states but also the load torque disturbance. Simulations and experiments carried out to verify this algorithm in comparison with conventional PI controller. This controller shows better command following characteristic without torsional vibration. The speed response to the rapid load torque change is also examined to show the disturbance rejection characteristic which is specially important in industrial applications such as rolling mill drives. At the moment of impact load, the speed drop is reduced and the recovery time is shortened remarkably.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Forging of Nickel-Base Alloys (2005)

Abstract Forging of nickel-base alloys results in geometries that reduce the amount of machining to obtain final component shapes and involves deformation processing to refine the grain structure of components or mill products. This article discusses the heating practice, die materials, and lubricants used in nickel-base alloys forging. It describes two major forging processing categories for nickel-base alloys: primary working and secondary working categories. Primary working involves the deformation processing and conversion of cast ingot or similar bulk material into a controlled microstructure mill product, such as billets or bars, and secondary working refers to further forging of mill product into final component configurations.
Communication between Brain Areas Based on Nested Oscillations (2017)

Unraveling how brain regions communicate is crucial for understanding how the brain processes external and internal information. Neuronal oscillations within and across brain regions have been proposed to play a crucial role in this process. Two main hypotheses have been suggested for routing of information based on oscillations, namely communication through coherence and gating by inhibition. Here, we propose a framework unifying these two hypotheses that is based on recent empirical findings. We discuss a theory in which communication between two regions is established by phase synchronization of oscillations at lower frequencies (<25 Hz), which serve as temporal reference frame for information carried by high-frequency activity (>40 Hz). Our framework, consistent with numerous recent empirical findings, posits that cross-frequency interactions are essential for understanding how large-scale cognitive and perceptual networks operate.
Infectivity in sheep of blood lymphocytes from bovine leukemia virus-infected cows with different nuclear pocket prevalences (1983)

The infectivity for the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) of bovine blood lymphocytes, with varying lymphocyte nuclear pocket (LNP) prevalence, was studied by intradermal injection of buffy coat leukocytes from cows into sheep. Thirty-five sheep were assigned to 3 groups of 9, 11, and 15, respectively, as recipients of blood leukocytes from individual cows as follows: 9 leukocyte donor cows included 3 BLV-seropositive cows with high (greater than or equal to 2.0%) LNP prevalence (group 1); 3 BLV-seropositive cows with low (less than 0.5%) LNP prevalence (group 2); and 3 BLV-seronegative cows with increased (greater than or equal to 0.5%) LNP prevalence (group 3). The 9 sheep in group 1 became BLV-seropositive by postinoculation day (PID) 57 as determined by the agar-gel immunodiffusion test; 2 of 11 sheep in group 2 became agar-gel immunodiffusion seropositive by PID 40; none of the 15 sheep of group 3 became seropositive by PID 92. Seemingly, there is a real difference in infectivity among BLV-seropositive cattle which is related to LNP prevalence, and seronegative cattle with increased LNP prevalence may be noninfectious, ie, were not carrying covert BLV virogene.
The Role of the Novel Fem Protein VanK in Vancomycin Resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor (2005)

The non-pathogenic, non-glycopeptide-producing actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor carries a cluster of seven genes (vanSRJKHAX) that confers inducible, high level resistance to vancomycin. The vanK gene has no counterpart in previously characterized vancomycin resistance clusters, yet vanK is required for vancomycin resistance in S. coelicolor. VanK belongs to the Fem family of enzymes, which add the branch amino acid(s) to the stem pentapeptide of peptidoglycan precursors. Upon exposure to vancomycin, the VanRS two-component system switches on expression of all seven van genes, and the VanHAX enzymes reprogram the cell wall such that precursors terminate D-Ala-D-lactate (Lac) rather than D-Ala-D-Ala, thus conferring resistance to vancomycin, which only binds D-Ala-D-Ala-containing precursors. Here we provide biochemical and genetic evidence that VanK is required for vancomycin resistance because the constitutively expressed FemX enzyme, encoded elsewhere on the chromosome, cannot recognize D-Lac-containing precursors as a substrate, whereas VanK can. Consistent with this view, D-Lac-containing precursors carrying the Gly branch are present in the wild type transiently exposed to vancomycin but are undetectable in a vanK mutant treated in the same way. Further, femX null mutants are viable in the presence of vancomycin but die in its absence. Because only VanK can recognize D-Lac-containing precursors, vancomycin-induced expression of VanHAX in a vanK mutant is lethal, and so vanK is required for vancomycin resistance.
A symmetric fragment and replicate algorithm for distributed joins (1993)

It is shown that the fragment and replicate (FR) distributed join algorithm is a special case of the symmetric fragment and replicate (SFR) algorithm, which improves the FR algorithm by reducing its communication. The SFR algorithm, like the FR algorithm, is applicable to N-way joins and nonequijoins and does tuple balancing automatically. The authors derive formulae that show how to minimize the communication in the SFR algorithm, discuss its performance on a parallel database prototype, and evaluate its practicality under various conditions. It is claimed that SFR improves the worst-case cost for a distributed join, but it will not displace specialized distributed join algorithms when the later are applicable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wearable materials with embedded synthetic biology sensors for biomolecule detection (2021)

Integrating synthetic biology into wearables could expand opportunities for noninvasive monitoring of physiological status, disease states and exposure to pathogens or toxins. However, the operation of synthetic circuits generally requires the presence of living, engineered bacteria, which has limited their application in wearables. Here we report lightweight, flexible substrates and textiles functionalized with freeze-dried, cell-free synthetic circuits, including CRISPR-based tools, that detect metabolites, chemicals and pathogen nucleic acid signatures. The wearable devices are activated upon rehydration from aqueous exposure events and report the presence of specific molecular targets by colorimetric changes or via an optical fiber network that detects fluorescent and luminescent outputs. The detection limits for nucleic acids rival current laboratory methods such as quantitative PCR. We demonstrate the development of a face mask with a lyophilized CRISPR sensor for wearable, noninvasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 at room temperature within 90 min, requiring no user intervention other than the press of a button.
Teledermatology: Influence of zoning and education on a clinician's ability to observe peripheral lesions (2002)

Teledermatology can benefit rural and remote communities, where specialist dermatological services may not be readily available. Regarding store-and- forward teledermatology, we hypothesized that the site of a lesion in an image (zoning) may influence a clinician's ability to observe target lesions, and that education on image viewing may improve use of this technology. We examined this by conducting both pre- and post-education studies. The education on image viewing consisted of a presentation on the outcome of the first study-survey on image viewing. The first study demonstrated that zoning influences a clinician's visual attention and that significant, concurrent lesions in the periphery may be missed. The second study demonstrated that brief education could produce a measurable change in observing peripheral lesions. These findings have medico-legal implications and suggest that further education in the use of such technology is necessary in order to optimize patient care and prevent potential errors.
Prevention of pin track infection in external fixation with silver coated pins: Clinical and microbiological results (2000)

Pin tract infection is a frequent complication of external fixation; according to literature its frequency ranges from 2-30%. The recent introduction of silver coating of polymeric materials was found to decrease bacterial adhesion; its clinical use with Foley catheters and central venous catheters led to significant results. To verify the ability of the same silver coating to decrease the bacterial colonization on external fixation screws, a prospective randomized study was carried out on 24 male patients; a total of 106 screws were implanted in the lower limb to fix femoral or tibial diaphyseal fractures: 50 were coated with silver and 56 were commercially available stainless steel screws. Although the coated screws resulted in a lower rate of positive cultures (30.0%) than the uncoated screws (42.9%), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.243). The clinical behavior of the coated screws did not differ from that of the uncoated ones. Furthermore, the implant of silver-coated screws resulted in a significant increase in the silver serum level. These results led us to consider it ethically unacceptable to continue this investigation.
Tumor-Specific Low Molecular Weight Forms of Cyclin E Induce Genomic Instability and Resistance to p21, p27, and Antiestrogens in Breast Cancer (2004)

The deregulated expression of cyclin E as measured by the overexpression of its low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms is a powerful predictor of poor outcome in patients with breast cancer. The mechanism by which these LMW forms give tumor cells a growth advantage is not known and is the subject of this article. In this article, we provide the pathobiological mechanisms of how these LMW forms are involved in disease progression. Specifically, we show that overexpression of the LMW forms of cyclin E but not the full-length form in MCF-7 results in (a) their hyperactivity because of increased affinity for cdk2 and resistance to inhibition by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, (b) resistance to the growth inhibiting effects of antiestrogens, and (c) chromosomal instability. Lastly, tumors from breast cancer patients overexpressing the LMW forms of cyclin E are polyploid in nature and are resistant to endocrine therapy. Collectively, the biochemical and functional differences between the full-length and the LMW isoforms of cyclin E provide a molecular mechanism for the poor clinical outcome observed in breast cancer patients harboring tumors expressing high levels of the LMW forms of cyclin E. These properties of the LMW forms cyclin E suggest that they are not just surrogate markers of poor outcome but bona fide mediators of aggressive disease and potential therapeutic targets for patients whose tumors overexpress these forms.