gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P1–367: Delaying early phases of cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease: Challenges for international phase III therapeutic trials (2013)

There is growing interest in early intervention in the cognitive decline continuum associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This presentation will consider the framework for evaluating therapeutics designed to delay the early stages of mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD). Several interventional studies have been proposed to enroll subjects with normal cognition and follow them until they convert to MCI-AD. This type of study design puts significant requirements on understanding the benefit/risk characteristics of the therapeutic. In a novel approach to AD treatment, a phase III study will examine a non-amyloid mechanism and target the role of synaptic energetics. The study will evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of low-dose pioglitazone a thiazolidinedione (TZD) in preventing MCI-AD in subjects at elevated risk, as defined by a biomarker risk algorithm, for the onset of symptoms in the subsequent five years. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that TZDs may be effective for enhancing cognitive function and forestalling cognitive decline. fMRI studies have explored the pharmacological effects of low-dose pioglitazone on memory - related hippocampal function in healthy elderly subjects. New information regarding the TOMM 40 gene and its relation to the age of AD onset enables us to identify subjects at high risk for developing AD, a prerequisite for a prevention study. Data supporting the use of pioglitazone to delay the onset of MCI-AD will be presented. Pioglitazone has been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for over a decade with >22 million years of patient exposure data. Recent nonclinical and clinical fMRI study data indicate that low dose pioglitazone has a pharmacologic effect in a central nervous system region of interest. These changes occur in a resting state and during a memory task that is informative for establishing the viability of low doses. This phase III global, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose pioglitazone to delay the onset of MCI-AD represents a unique opportunity to explore a novel therapeutic intervention in the earliest phase of the AD continuum.
Wireless sensor array based on DNA decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes for gas monitoring (2012)

There is a growing interest in making sensors, optoelectronic and electronic devices with nanomaterials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are unique materials due to their excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, and also have good chemical stability. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are formed by one atomic layer and have an extended π-bonding configuration. The conductivity of SWNTs is sensitive to trace amount of molecules or ions attached onto their surfaces. CNTs have exceptionally high sensitivity and fast response and were utilized in numerous chemical and biological sensing applications for environmental monitoring. One of the present problems with SWNT sensors is their nonselective response to many analytes. SWNTs networks were assembled onto the microelectrodes by a low temperature, low cost Dielectrophoretic (DEP) assembly process. SsDNA of different sequences were used to functionalize the nanotubes and improved their response to the gas vapors dramatically. To reduce the undesirable response of SWNTs to interfering analytes, a wireless nanosensor array with six channels each functionalized with different molecules were developed to measure the resistances of six SWNT sensors simultaneously during exposure to gases. The responses of different DNA decorated SWNTs and bare SWNTs to toxic organics were measured simultaneously and displayed by a GUI interface. Development of this wireless sensor array enabled real-time gas monitoring with various DNA functionalized SWNTs from a distance.
Correction: Investigation of the self-absorption effect using spatially resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2020)

Correction for ‘Investigation of the self-absorption effect using spatially resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy’ by Rongxing Yi <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>J. Anal. At. Spectrom.</italic>, 2016, <bold>31</bold>, 961–967, DOI: 10.1039/C5JA00500K.
Aldosterone Antagonists. 1. Synthesis and Activities of 6β,7β:15β,16β-Dimethylene Steroidal Spirolactones (1985)

Several derivatives of the highly active aldosterone antagonists dihydrospirorenone (2) and spirorenone (3) were synthesized. The purpose of these efforts was to prepare compounds exhibiting reduced endocrinological properties with the same or better aldosterone antagonistic activity than that of spirorenone. The 1 alpha,2 alpha-methylene derivative 20 has a similar aldosterone antagonistic potency compared to that of spirorenone but does not show decreased endocrinological side effects. Other substituents as in compounds 4-11, 15-19, and 21 sharply decreased the aldosterone antagonistic activity of 2 or 3, respectively.
Magnetorheological Finishing (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text W. I. KORDONSKY, I. V. PROKHOROV, G. GORODKIN, S. D. JACOBS, B. PUCHEBNER, and D. PIETROWSKI, "Magnetorheological Finishing," Optics & Photonics News 4(12), 16-17 (1993) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Polymer Capsules with Hydrophobic Liquid Cores as Functional Nanocarriers (2020)

Recent developments in the fabrication of core-shell polymer nanocapsules, as well as their current and future applications, are reported here. Special attention is paid to the newly introduced surfactant-free fabrication method of aqueous dispersions of nanocapsules with hydrophobic liquid cores stabilized by amphiphilic copolymers. Various approaches to the efficient stabilization of such vehicles, tailoring their cores and shells for the fabrication of multifunctional, navigable nanocarriers and/or nanoreactors useful in various fields, are discussed. The emphasis is placed on biomedical applications of polymer nanocapsules, including the delivery of poorly soluble active compounds and contrast agents, as well as their use as theranostic platforms. Other methods of fabrication of polymer-based nanocapsules are briefly presented and compared in the context of their biomedical applications.
Combinatorial Use of Antibodies to Secreted Mycobacterial Proteins in a Host Immune System-Independent Test for Tuberculosis (2001)

Laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis is often difficult. Immunodetection of circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins shed during active infection would not depend on an intact host immune response and could take advantage of the speed and low costs afforded by antibody-based assays. We previously showed that patients with active tuberculosis had increased levels of circulating antigen 85 (Ag85) proteins independent of their tuberculin skin test status (S. I. Bentley-Hibbert, X. Quan, T. Newman, K. Huygen, and H. P. Godfrey, Infect. Immun. 67:581-588, 1999). To extend these observations to a Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated population and to another secreted mycobacterial protein, Ag85 and PstS-1 (protein antigen B, p38 antigen) were quantified in sera from 97 Chilean tuberculosis patients and healthy controls (many of whom had received BCG as children) using dot immunobinding, mouse monoclonal anti-BCG Ag85 complex antibody, and chicken antipeptide antibodies reactive with M. tuberculosis Ag85B and PstS-1. The latter antibodies had been raised to peptide-derived immunogens expressed on a novel proprietary protein carrier in Escherichia coli. Median serum Ag85 levels measured by using either anti-Ag85 antibody were significantly higher in patients with active tuberculosis than in healthy controls (P, <0.001 to 0.01); the median serum PstS-1 levels were similar in patients and controls. The sensitivity of significantly elevated circulating Ag85 levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis measured by anti-Ag85 complex or anti-Ag85B antibodies was 60 and 55%, respectively, but increased to 77% when results obtained with both anti-Ag85 antibodies were considered jointly (P < 0.02). The corresponding specificities for individual and joint consideration were 95, 85, and 80%, respectively. These results indicate that elevated Ag85 levels can be detected in patients with active tuberculosis even after BCG vaccination and suggest that combinatorial use of antibodies directed at different epitopes of this protein could provide a viable strategy for developing new host immune response-independent diagnostic tests for tuberculosis.
Large Area Microfluidic Bioreactor for Production of Recombinant Protein (2022)

To produce innovative biopharmaceuticals, highly flexible, adaptable, robust, and affordable bioprocess platforms for bioreactors are essential. In this article, we describe the development of a large-area microfluidic bioreactor (LM bioreactor) for mammalian cell culture that works at laminar flow and perfusion conditions. The 184 cm<sup>2</sup> 32 cisterns LM bioreactor is the largest polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device fabricated by photopolymer flexographic master mold methodology, reaching a final volume of 2.8 mL. The LM bioreactor was connected to a syringe pump system for culture media perfusion, and the cells' culture was monitored by photomicrograph imaging. CHO-ahIFN-α2b adherent cell line expressing the anti-hIFN-a2b recombinant scFv-Fc monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus were cultured on the LM bioreactor. Cell culture and mAb production in the LM bioreactor could be sustained for 18 days. Moreover, the anti-hIFN-a2b produced in the LM bioreactor showed higher affinity and neutralizing antiproliferative activity compared to those mAbs produced in the control condition. We demonstrate for the first-time, a large area microfluidic bioreactor for mammalian cell culture that enables a controlled microenvironment suitable for the development of high-quality biologics with potential for therapeutic use.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoporous Metal Foams (2010)

Abstract Review: 131 refs.
Hybridization properties of deoxyoligonucleotides containing anthraquinone pseudonucleosides (1991)

Achiral pseudonucleosides bearing an anthraquinone moiety have been incorporated into deoxyoligonucleotides in internal, 3' and 5' positions. The ability of these modified deoxyoligonucleotides to hybridize to complementary RNA and DNA was investigated using Tm measurements. The anthraquinone was shown to enhance binding to a complementary RNA when linked to the 3' and 5' end. Pseudonucleoside substitutions on the 3' end of an oligonucleotide are also shown to confer serum stability to the oligonucleotide.
Three-dimensional quantitative phase measurement by Common-path Digital Holographic Microscopy (2011)

Abstract Common-path Digital Holographic Microscopy (CP-DHM) is a new technique which can physically compensate the phase curvature introduced by the microscope objective. We designed a compact CP-DHM system for quantitative phase measurement of transparant microscopic samples. The system incorporates a special fiber-connected condenser system which makes adjustment easy when using different microscope objectives. We present the results for the system calibration and analysis of a micro-lens array to demonstrate the performance of the system.
Pancreatic cancer stem cells and relevance to cancer treatments (2009)

Pancreatic cancer continues to be a malignancy with few therapeutic options. The majority of patients that present for an evaluation have locally advanced or metastatic disease that is incurable by surgical approaches. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance of pancreatic adenocarcinomas limits the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches. Recent evidence supports the existence of human pancreatic cancer stem cells, which appear to drive tumor initiation and progression and are particularly resistant to cell death induced by radiation or chemotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer stem cell self-renewal and resistance to standard therapies may lead to new, more effective therapies to treat this dismal disease.
Transparent ceramic scintillator fabrication, properties, and applications (2008)

Transparent ceramics offer an alternative to single crystals for scintillator applications such as gamma ray spectroscopy and radiography. We have developed a versatile, scaleable fabrication method, using Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) to produce feedstock which is readily converted into phase-pure transparent ceramics. We measure integral light yields in excess of 80,000 Ph/MeV with Cerium-doped Garnets, and excellent optical quality. Avalanche photodiode readout of Garnets provides resolution near 6%. For radiography applications, Lutetium Oxide offers a high performance metric and is formable by ceramics processing. Scatter in transparent ceramics due to secondary phases is the principal limitation to optical quality, and afterglow issues that affect the scintillation performance are presently being addressed.
Optical Performance Monitoring Using Nonlinear Detection (2004)

A definitive goal for optical performance monitoring in an optical communications network is to provide comprehensive signal quality information in a cost-effective manner. This paper explores in detail the possibility of using nonlinear optical detection to achieve this goal. Sensitive nonlinear detection techniques commonly used in the field of ultrafast optics are applied to the problem of performance monitoring and are shown to allow quantitative measurements to be made of quantities such as accumulated chromatic dispersion, polarization-mode dispersion impairment, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and extinction ratio. Experiments performed on a 40-Gb/s transmission system demonstrate the immediate viability of this approach for measuring these quantities of interest at practical optical power levels.
Detection of transforming ras proteins containing leucine at position 61 by a new mouse monoclonal antibody, ras(53-69)Leu61. (1989)

A monoclonal antibody (mAb) was prepared after immunization of mice with a peptide that corresponds to amino acids 53 to 69 of a transforming ras protein. The amino acid sequence in this region is conserved among all members of the ras protooncogene family in rodent, rabbit, and human cells. The peptide used for immunization differs from the normal sequence by a single residue; Leu replaces Gln at a site corresponding to amino acid 61. A bacterial expression vector was constructed to synthesize H-ras transforming protein that contains this change (rasLeu61). In immunoblotting experiments, the affinity purified mAb, ras(53-69)Leu61, reacts specifically with the purified, bacterially produced rasLeu61 protein and does not react with bacterially produced normal H-ras protein. In immunoblotting experiments with cell lysates, the mAb recognizes the transforming protein in NIH3T3 cells transformed by the c-rasHLeu61 oncogene but fails to react with normal H-ras protein in the same cells or cells which produce 100 times more normal protein than NIH3T3. The mAb immunoprecipitates [35S]methionine-labeled H- and N-rasLeu61 proteins from transformed NIH3T3 cells under conditions in which the cells produce basal levels of the transforming protein, equivalent to the low amount of the normal protein ordinarily present in nontransformed NIH3T3 cells. The antibody fails to immunoprecipitate normal H-ras protein, even when present at high levels, or N-ras protein containing Lys as amino acid 61. Affinity purified mAb ras(53-69)Leu61 also recognizes the transforming ras protein specifically in immunohistochemical staining of tissue culture cells, and this staining is abolished by preincubating the antibody with the corresponding peptide. Staining was not observed with control NIH3T3 cells or cells that produce 100 times more normal H-ras protein than NIH3T3. However, in thin sections of normal human or rabbit skin the antibody reacted strongly with an unknown antigen, in cells of the basal layer of the epidermis, that is neither normal nor transforming ras protein. This new immunological reagent should be useful for the selective identification of Leu61 containing H-, K-, and N-ras transforming proteins in in vitro studies and analyses using rodent, rabbit, or human tissue culture cells. Its utility for direct staining of tissues may be limited to situations in which the presence of transforming protein can be verified by another method such as immunoblotting after gel electrophoresis.
Multi-scale image fusion using the Parameterized Logarithmic Image Processing model (2010)

Image fusion is the process of combining multiple images into a single image which retains the most pertinent information from each original image source. More recently, multi-scale image fusion approaches have emerged as a means of providing a more meaningful fusion which better reflects the human visual system. In this paper, multi-scale decomposition techniques and image fusion algorithms are adapted using the Parameterized Logarithmic Image Processing (PLIP) model, a nonlinear image processing framework which more accurately processes images. Experimental results via computer simulations illustrate the improved performance of the proposed algorithms by both qualitative and quantitative means.
Enhanced voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in magnetic tunnel junctions with an MgO/PZT/MgO tunnel barrier (2016)

Compared with current-controlled magnetization switching in a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), electric field- or voltage-induced magnetization switching reduces the writing energy of the memory cell, which also results in increased memory density. In this work, an ultra-thin PZT film with high dielectric constant was integrated into the tunneling oxide layer to enhance the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect. The growth of MTJ stacks with an MgO/PZT/MgO tunnel barrier was performed using a combination of sputtering and atomic layer deposition techniques. The fabricated MTJs with the MgO/PZT/MgO barrier demonstrate a VCMA coefficient, which is ∼40% higher (19.8 ± 1.3 fJ/V m) than the control sample MTJs with an MgO barrier (14.3 ± 2.7 fJ/V m). The MTJs with the MgO/PZT/MgO barrier also possess a sizeable tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of more than 50% at room temperature, comparable to the control MTJs with an MgO barrier. The TMR and enhanced VCMA effect demonstrated simultaneously in this work make the MgO/PZT/MgO barrier-based MTJs potential candidates for future voltage-controlled, ultralow-power, and high-density magnetic random access memory devices.
Hardware-Assisted Application Integrity Monitor (2012)

Existing hardware-assisted methods monitor the integrity of hyper visors and operating systems, which are critical to system integrity. This protection is possible because of ``non-volatile'' data structures present in the machine's physical memory. In contrast, applications offer a more challenging protection target because they are dynamically allocated. Therefore, robust defenses against application tampering is still a difficult tasks that has remained an open problem. We propose "AppCheck," a hardware-assisted framework the protects the integrity of applications and server processes. We achieve that by leveraging semantic information extracted from the source code and input from a human developer. Unlike pure software defenses, AppCheck employs existing x86 features, namely System Management Mode, to acquire the necessary memory contents. If any of the these critical components become altered during runtime, AppCheck signals an alarm to a remote server notifying the operators of a potential security breach or software corruption.
Direct-Write Planar Microultracapacitors by Laser Engineering (2003)

We have successfully employed laser direct write and micromachining to fabricate high capacity hydrous ruthenium oxide or microultracapacitors. A laser direct-write process is used to deposit uniform pads of in sulfuric acid under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. Ultraviolet laser micromachining is used to tailor the shape and size of the deposited material into planar electrodes. The specific capacitance of the laser-deposited materials is comparable to reported values of ∼720 F/g. The microultracapacitors demonstrate linear charge and discharge behavior at currents below 1 mA, as expected for an ideal capacitor. By studying the charge storage and power output as a function of discharge current, the power can be successfully modeled assuming only simple ohmic losses. Parallel and series combinations of these microultracapacitor cells provide the expected addition of capacitance. Maximum discharge currents of 50 mA are applied to two cells in parallel without damage to the microultracapacitor cells. The microultracapacitors exhibit high specific power and specific energy with over 1100 mW/g at approximately 9 mWhr/g for an 80 μg cell with a footprint of 2 mm2 and a thickness of 15 μm. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
1.9 THz quantum-cascade lasers with one-well injector (2006)

We report terahertz quantum-cascade lasers operating predominantly at 1.90THz with side modes as low as 1.86THz (λ≈161μm, ℏω≈7.7meV). This is the longest wavelength to date of any solid-state laser that operates without assistance of a magnetic field. Carriers are injected into the upper radiative state by using a single quantum-well injector, which resulted in a significant reduction of free-carrier losses. The laser operated up to a heat-sink temperature of 110K in pulsed mode, 95K in continuous wave (cw) mode, and the threshold current density at 5K was ∼140A∕cm2.
Online generation of association rules (2002)

We have a large database consisting of sales transactions. We investigate the problem of online mining of association rules in this large database. We show how to preprocess the data effectively in order to make it suitable for repeated online queries. The preprocessing algorithm takes into account the storage space available. We store the preprocessed data in such a way that online processing may be done by applying a graph theoretic search algorithm whose complexity is proportional to the size of the output. This results in an online algorithm which is practically instantaneous in terms of response time. The algorithm also supports techniques for quickly discovering association rules from large item sets. The algorithm is capable of finding rules with specific items in the antecedent or consequent. These association rules are presented in a compact form, eliminating redundancy. We believe that the elimination of redundancy in online generation of association rules from large item sets is interesting in its own right.
On distinguishing intrinsic and weak-link responses in magnetically-modulated dissipation in high Tc superconductors (1990)

It is noted that, contrary to a recent report, magnetic-field modulation of electromagnetic dissipation in superconductors yields both an intrinsic response indicative of the superconducting transition and extrinsic responses indicative of weak links. Ways of distinguishing between these difference responses are also noted.