gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Derivatization of Preformed Platinum N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with Amino Acid and Peptide Ligands and Cytotoxic Activities toward Human Cancer Cells (2012)

A simple procedure for the preparation of N-heterocyclic carbene platinum complexes with a nitrogen-based neutral ligand in trans geometry is presented. The lability of a trans pyridine ligand in an N-heterocyclic carbene–Pt(II)–pyridine complex, namely, (3-benzyl-1-methylimidazolylidene)PtI2(pyridine), 2, was probed by a displacement reaction with various nitrogen-based ligands (e.g., amines, hydrazine, amino esters, and peptides) to yield the corresponding complexes, which could be easily isolated by column chromatography. Two representative complexes could be characterized by X-ray crystallographic studies. This strategy allows generating diversity in metallodrug candidates. Preliminary results of the biological effects on various human cancer cells and comparison wih cisplatin are reported.
Role of nanostructures in reducing thermal conductivity below alloy limit in crystalline solids (2005)

Atomic substitution in alloys can efficiently scatter phonons, thereby significantly reducing the thermal conductivity in crystalline solids to the "alloy limit". It has been difficult to beat the alloy limit without creating defects, dislocations, and voids, which also reduce electrical conductivity, making it ineffective for increasing the material's thermoelectric figure of merit. Using In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As containing epitaxially embedded ErAs nanoislands a few nm in size, we demonstrate thermal conductivity reduction by almost a factor of two below the alloy limit, and corresponding increase in thermoelectric figure of merit by more than a factor of two. A theoretical model suggests that while point defects in alloys efficiently scatter short wavelength phonons, the ErAs nanoislands provides additional scattering mechanism for the mid to long wavelength phonon - the combination reduces the thermal conductivity below the alloy limit.
Observation of plasmonic exceptional points and attomolar immuno-assay nanosensing (Conference Presentation) (2020)

We have demonstrated the first plasmonic exceptional points (EPs) at subwavelength scale. The plasmonic EPs are based on the hybridization of detuned resonances in multilayered plasmonic crystals to reach a critical complex coupling rate between nanoantennas arrays, and, exhibit the dispersion of exceptional points around the non-Hermitian singularity and enhanced nanosensing was observed. The ability to drive plasmons to EPs lays the foundation to explore topological physics at small scales and to novel sensors and optoelectronic devices based on topological polaritonic effects
Low excess noise AlInAsSb staircase avalanche photodiode (2015)

In conclusion, we report a one-stage staircase APD based on the AlInAsSb material system. Record low noise has been achieved for the first time and the results are consistent with Monte Carlo simulations.
Voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy. (1983)

More than 100 years after the first laryngectomy, voice preservation remains a remarkable challenge. A number of surgical techniques have been proposed, yet complications related to aspiration, recurrent disease, or voice failure have been frequent. Representative historical examples are described and their results reviewed. The advent of tracheo-esophageal phonation with a silicone voice prosthesis simplified the approach to this perplexing problem. The principles learned from the secondary application of this method are applied to a primary technique for vocal rehabilitation immediately after laryngectomy. The results are promising without risking alteration of the basic laryngectomy technique and expected cure rates.
A System for Heparin Removal (1982)

Extracorporeal medical machines rely on systemic heparinization to improve blood compatibility. However, heparin can lead to serious complications such as hemorrhaging. We propose a new approach to control heparin levels by employing a blood filter containing immobilized heparinase. Such a filter could potentially enable heparinization of an extracorporeal circuit without simultaneous heparinization of the patient. The principal findings of our work thus far include (1) increasing volumetric enzyme production over 1000-fold from previously published procedures; (2) purifying heparinase by over 1000-fold from the crude cell extracts; (3) characterizing the biochemical properties of heparinase; (4) isolating the first heparinase inhibitors; (5) immobilizing heparinase with 91% activity recovery and excellent stability; and (6) demonstrating that columns as small as 1.5 mL can remove clinically used quantities of heparin in aqueous medium and in blood.
New biconically tapered fiber star coupler fabricated by indirect heating method (1987)

A new biconically tapered fiber star coupler is developed. The fiber bundle is inserted in a quartz protection tube and the tube is heated with an oxyhydrogen burner while the fibers are twisted and pulled. The tube ends are then sealed with adhesive agent. Excess loss for the new coupler is approximately <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\log_{10}m</tex> for input/output fiber port number <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</tex> . Furthermore, the coupling ratio is almost independent of wavelength and polarization of incident light. The new fabrication method offers high reproducibility and stability.
High-performance perfluorodioxolane copolymer membranes for gas separation with tailored selectivity enhancement (2017)

A new family of amorphous perfluorodioxolane copolymers shows gas permselectivities above the current polymer upper bound and exhibits tunable transport properties.
Modeling user activities in a large IPTV system (2009)

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) has emerged as a new delivery method for TV. In contrast with native broadcast in traditional cable and satellite TV system, video streams in IPTV are encoded in IP packets and distributed using IP unicast and multicast. This new architecture has been strategically embraced by ISPs across the globe, recognizing the opportunity for new services and its potential toward a more interactive style of TV watching experience in the future. Since user activities such as channel switches in IPTV impose workload beyond local TV or set-top box (different from broadcast TV systems), it becomes essential to characterize and model the aggregate user activities in an IPTV network to support various system design and performance evaluation functions such as network capacity planning. In this work, we perform an in-depth study on several intrinsic characteristics of IPTV user activities by analyzing the real data collected from an operational nation-wide IPTV system. We further generalize the findings and develop a series of models for capturing both the probability distribution and time-dynamics of user activities. We then combine theses models to design an IPTV user activity workload generation tool called SIMUL WATCH, which takes a small number of input parameters and generates synthetic workload traces that mimic a set of real users watching IPTV. We validate all the models and the prototype of SIMUL WATCH using the real traces. In particular, we show that SIMUL WATCH can estimate the unicast and multicast traffic accurately, proving itself as a useful tool in driving the performance study in IPTV systems.
Recent progress in photonic crystal fibres (2002)

"holey" photonic crystal fibre (PCF) consists of a thread of glass with microscopic air capillaries running along its length. Its many remarkable properties are overturning the basic precepts of textbook fiber technology.
pFET V t control with HfO 2 /TiN/poly-Si gate stack using a lateral oxygenation process (2006)

In this contribution, it is demonstrated that the threshold voltage, V t , of a pFET can be modulated with lateral oxygenation of the HfO 2 /TiN/poly-Si gate stack from the S/D sidewall after spacer removal. This process can be applied to MIPS (Metal-inserted poly-Si) gate stacks after high-T S/D activation without any additional interfacial layer (IL) growth. Using lateral oxygenation, the pFET V t can be lowerd by ∼450 mV yielding a pFET with a V t near band edge (within 250 mV). The shifter V t is found to be stable during MOL/BEOL processing and the lateral oxygenation process does not degrade NBTI. Since V t control is achieved with lateral oxygen diffusion, a channel length, L, dependence of V t is observed. The L-dependence can be reduced by process optimization.
Conversion of position correlation into polarization entanglement (2019)

The photon pairs generated by parametric down conversion of a laser beam have inherent position and momentum correlations. We generate polarization entangled photons by manipulating the position correlations using a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer containing a wedge mirror. The polarization entangled photon pairs exhibit strong quantum correlations and high brightness.
A real‐time monitoring system for airborne particle shape and size analysis (1996)

This paper describes a new instrument for the study of airborne particles. The instrument performs a rapid analysis of the transient spatial intensity distribution of laser‐light scattered by individual aerosol particles drawn from an ambient environment and uses this to characterize the particles in terms of both size and shape parameters. Analyses are carried out at peak particle throughput rates of up to 10,000 particles per second, and semiquantitative data relating to the size and shape (or more correctly asymmetry) spectra of the sampled particles are provided to the user via a graphical display which is refreshed or updated at 5‐s intervals. In addition to the real‐time display of data, continuous data recording allows subsequent replay of measurements at either normal or high speed. Preliminary experimental results are given for aerosols of both spherical and nonspherical particle types, and these suggest the instrument may find use in environmental monitoring of aerosols or clouds where some real‐time semiquantitative assessment of particulate size and shape spectra may be desirable as an aid to characterizing the aerosol and its constituent particulate species.
Self-calibrating camera-projector systems for interactive displays and presentations (2005)

The authors demonstrate a self-calibrating system that employs uncalibrated cameras and microportable projectors to create novel interactive displays and presentations. Three benefits of ther system are detailed.
DCVax®- DIRECT: autologous activated dendritic cells for image guided intra-tumoral vaccination in patients with solid tumors - a phase I/II clinical trial in progress (2013)

Meeting abstracts Dendritic cells (DC) are acknowledged to be quintessential in the armamentarium to mount anti-tumor immune responses and have been utilized in varying capacities for cancer immunotherapy. Recent advancements & lessons leant from prior DC therapies have revealed that major barriers
Status of atmospheric correction using a MODTRAN4-based algorithm (2000)

This paper presents an overview of the latest version of a MODTRAN4-based atmospheric correction (or "compensation") algorithm developed by Spectral Sciences, Inc. and the Air Force Research Laboratory for spectral imaging sensors. New upgrades to the algorithm include automated aerosol retrieval, cloud masking, and speed improvements. In addition, MODTRAN4 has been updated to correct recently discovered errors in the HITRAN-96 water line parameters. Reflectance spectra retrieved from AVIRIS data are compared with "ground truth" measurements, and good agreement is found.
Photonic analog-to-digital conversion techniques using semiconductor saturable absorbers (2000)

There has been much recent interest in the use of photonics for analog to digital conversion. It is anticipated that the use of photonic analog to digital converters (ADCs) will far surpass the performance of electronic ADCs in terms of both sampling speed and resolution. We have designed a novel photonic ADC module that incorporates the use of semiconductor linear absorbers to perform the data quantization at speeds up to 100 GS/s with 4 bits of resolution. The use of the passive materials in this flash photonic ADC architecture makes this module a candidate for insertion into future space-based platforms. Experimental characterization results will be presented for the semiconductor materials used in the data conversion process.
<title>Rapid sequencing of DNA based on single-molecule detection</title> (1991)

Sequencing the human genome is a major undertaking considering the large number of nucleotides present in the genome and the slow methods currently available to perform the task. The authors have recently reported on a scheme to sequence DNA rapidly using a non-gel based technique. The concept is based upon the incorporation of fluorescently labeled nucleotides into a strand of DNA, isolation and manipulation of a labeled DNA fragment and the detection of single nucleotides using ultra-sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection following their cleavage from the fragment. Detection of individual fluorophores in the liquid phase was accomplished with time-gated detection following pulsed-laser excitation. The photon bursts from individual rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules travelling through a laser beam have been observed, as have bursts from single fluorescently modified nucleotides. Using two different biotinylated nucleotides as a model system for fluorescently labeled nucleotides, the authors have observed synthesis of the complementary copy of M13 bacteriophage. Work with fluorescently labeled nucleotides is underway. Individual molecules of DNA attached to a microbead have been observed and manipulated with an epifluorescence microscope.
Using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum to Determine the Responsiveness of a TCP Aggregate to Packet Drops (2003)

ISR develops, applies and teaches advanced methodologies of design and analysis to solve complex, hierarchical,
Investigation of the Lactam Side Chain Length Necessary for Optimal Indenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase I Inhibition and Cytotoxicity in Human Cancer Cell Cultures (2007)

Indenoisoquinolines with lactam substituents such as ethylamino, propylamino, and butylamino have previously demonstrated potent biological activity, but an optimal length has never been established. In the present study, a series of simplified indenoisoquinoline analogues possessing a linker spacing of 0-12 carbon atoms between the lactam nitrogen and the terminal amino group have been prepared, determining that 2-4-atom lengths are optimal for topoisomerase I inhibition and cytotoxicity. Using these lengths, analogues were prepared with the amino group and portions of the linker replaced by a pyridine ring. A three-carbon spacer within the pyridine series still demonstrated potent topoisomerase I inhibition.
Some observations on the "live" collaborative tagging of audio conferences in the enterprise (2010)

This paper describes preliminary findings related to a system for live collaborative tagging of enterprise meetings taking place on an audio bridge between distributed participants. Participants can apply to different points of the interaction as it is ongoing and can see, in near real-time, the flow of as they are being contributed. Two novel types of are proposed: deep tags that apply to a portion of the interaction and tags that apply to an instant of the interaction. Our system is being used by enterprise users and we analyze a corpus of 737 live-tags collected from 16 conversations that took place over several months. We found that the live-tags for audio have slightly different characteristics from Web 2.0 tags: they are longer and confer affordances on the audio like description and summarization. Some observations on the cognitive cost of live-tagging are offered.
PUMP (2014)

We introduce the Programmable Unit for Metadata Processing (PUMP), a novel software-hardware element that allows flexible computation with uninterpreted metadata alongside the main computation with modest impact on runtime performance (typically 10--40% for single policies, compared to metadata-free computation on 28 SPEC CPU2006 C, C++, and Fortran programs). While a host of prior work has illustrated the value of ad hoc metadata processing for specific policies, we introduce an architectural model for extensible, programmable metadata processing that can handle arbitrary metadata and arbitrary sets of software-defined rules in the spirit of the time-honored 0-1-∞ rule. Our results show that we can match or exceed the performance of dedicated hardware solutions that use metadata to enforce a single policy, while adding the ability to enforce multiple policies simultaneously and achieving flexibility comparable to software solutions for metadata processing. We demonstrate the PUMP by using it to support four diverse safety and security policies---spatial and temporal memory safety, code and data taint tracking, control-flow integrity including return-oriented-programming protection, and instruction/data separation---and quantify the performance they achieve, both singly and in combination.
Full-parallel architecture for turbo decoding of product codes (2006)

A full-parallel architecture for turbo decoding, which achieves ultra-high data rates when using product codes as error correcting codes, is proposed. This architecture is able to decode product codes using binary BCH or m-ary Reed-Solomon component codes. The major advantage of our architecture is that it enables the memory blocks between all half-iterations to be removed. Moreover, the latency of the turbo decoder is strongly reduced. The proposed architecture opens the way to numerous applications such as optical transmission and data storage. In particular, the block turbo decoding architecture can support optical transmission at data rates above 10 Gbit/s.
TCAM-aware multi topology routing based failure protection for software defined networks (2018)

A central controller in Software Defined Networks (SDN) enables a flexible traffic engineering by setting traffic flow rules to switches. Considering the fact that quality of service and fault management requirements further increase the memory capacity need in the switches, reducing the number of traffic flow rules in SDN switches is an important research topic. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism which decreases the number of traffic flow rules stored in SDN switches when Multi Topology Routing based proactive fast re-route technologies are employed. Experimental results show that the number of traffic flow rules stored in SDN switches by the proposed approach decreases about %18 to %27.
New Metabolizable Immunologic Adjuvant for Human Use (1967)

PREVIOUS reports by our group1 2 3 4 5 6 described the development and clinical evaluation of a new immunologic adjuvant, named adjuvant 65, which was applied to influenza-virus vaccine. The adjuvant preparation consisted of a water-in-peanut-oil emulsion of the aqueous vaccine employing mannide mono-oleate (Arlacel A) as emulsifier and aluminum monostearate as stabilizer. A detailed analytic review of all the available data on adjuvants and adjuvant 65 has been reported elsewhere.7 The desirability for maximal purity of antigens included in adjuvant formulations led to the development of a highly purified aqueous influenza-virus vaccine that has been tested both as aqueous material and incorporated into . . .
Ultralow-Voltage Process-Variation-Tolerant Schmitt-Trigger-Based SRAM Design (2011)

We analyze Schmitt-Trigger (ST)-based differential-sensing static random access memory (SRAM) bitcells for ultralow-voltage operation. The ST-based SRAM bitcells address the fundamental conflicting design requirement of the read versus write operation of a conventional 6T bitcell. The ST operation gives better read-stability as well as better write-ability compared to the standard 6T bitcell. The proposed ST bitcells incorporate a built-in feedback mechanism, achieving process variation tolerance - a must for future nano-scaled technology nodes. A detailed comparison of different bitcells under iso-area condition shows that the ST-2 bitcell can operate at lower supply voltages. Measurement results on ten test-chips fabricated in 130-nm CMOS technology show that the proposed ST-2 bitcell gives 1.6× higher read static noise margin, 2× higher write-trip-point and 120-mV lower read-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> compared to the iso-area 6T bitcell.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expressed by bone marrow stromal cells mediates the binding of hematopoietic progenitor cells (1992)

Human bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells were analyzed for the expression of the beta 1-family of integrin adhesion molecules. Integrin alpha 4 beta 1 was consistently expressed by greater than 90% of CD34+ cells, including essentially all assayable granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) and erythroid bursts (BFU-E) as shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorting studies. Adhesion of highly enriched CD34+ cells to cultured allogeneic marrow stromal cells was largely inhibited both by monoclonal antibody to alpha 4 beta 1 and to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a ligand for alpha 4 beta 1. VCAM-1 was found to be expressed by bone marrow stromal elements in vitro both constitutively at low level and at high levels after treatment with cytokines. Induction of VCAM-1 was cytokine- and time-dependent with maximum levels being obtained after 4 hours of exposure to a combination of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Cytokine-induced stromal cells bound threefold higher numbers of CFU-GM and BFU-E, this increase being abrogated by anti-alpha 4 beta 1 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies. In addition, the adhesion to stroma of more immature progenitors, the long-term culture initiating cells, also occurred through an alpha 4 beta 1/VCAM-1-dependent mechanism. These studies identify an adhesion mechanism of potential importance in the localization of primitive progenitors within the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Extraction and recovery of metals using a supercritical fluid with chelating agents (1999)

The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of metal ions was assessed in terms of the ability of the process to extract, solvate, transport and collect metal species. The extraction efficiency (per cent removed from the sample matrix), collection efficiency (per cent recovered in the collection solvent) and SFE residue (unextracted metal complex or metal ion recovered from the apparatus by flushing with an organic or acidic solvent, respectively) were determined to ascertain whether a mass balance for the metal could be achieved. Using this approach, it was demonstrated that the amount of metal extracted from the sample matrix did not necessarily correspond to the concentration of metal recovered in the collection solvent, as the chelated metal complex could partially degrade and/or dissociate in the supercritical fluid prior to collection. Typically, a discrepancy of 1 to 15% could be obtained. The non-fluorinated metal β-diketones and dithiocarbamates had a greater tendency to dissociate and/or degrade in a supercritical fluid (i.e., ca. 14 and 5%, respectively) than the corresponding fluorinated metal complex (i.e., ca. 6 and 1%, respectively). As for the collection solvents, a range of suitable fluids were found to be capable of obtaining quantitative metal complex recoveries, including methanol, chloroform, isobutyl methyl ketone or 10% nitric acid. A radioactive isotope, 177Lu, was used to trace the location of the metal residue in the SFE apparatus.