gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chapter 5 Early diet and the infant gut microbiome: how breastfeeding and solid foods shape the microbiome (2017)

Upon delivery, diet is one of the major factors impacting the maturation and diversification of the microbiome in early life. Both the type of milk given to the suckling infant and the subsequent introduction of solid foods appear to be involved in shaping the microbiome. In contrast to infant formulas, breast milk contains a wide variety of bioactive factors that support the development and maturation of the infant gut. Amongst others a complex mixture of human milk oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins and lipids all contribute to an intestinal microbiome in breastfed infants that is clearly distinct from that of formula-fed infants. Moreover, breast milk contains its own microbiome and may as such directly seed the infant gut with bacteria. The intestinal microbiome of breastfed children is less diverse and characterised by a high abundance of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The indigenous microbiome of formulafed children is, on the other hand, characterised by a higher diversity, with increased numbers of bacteroides, clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae including opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile and Escherichia coli. The introduction of solid foods exposes the infant gut microbiota to a whole new range of nutrients. Consequently, the microorganisms capable of degrading complex sugars and starch flourish, intra-individual variations in the microbiota become less pronounced and the composition starts to resemble the adult microbiome. It is however still debated whether the major driving force in the development of an adult-like microbiome is the actual timing of the introduction of these new food substrates, the cessation of breastfeeding or a combination of both.
Augmented Reality Visualization of Modal Analysis Using the Finite Element Method (2021)

Modal analysis provides the dynamic behavior of an object or structure, and is often undertaken using the Finite Element Method (FEM) due to its ability to deal with arbitrary geometries. This article investigates the use of Augmented Reality (AR) to provide the in situ visualization of a modal analysis for an aluminum impeller. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software packages regularly use heat maps and shape deformation to visualize the outcomes of a given simulation. AR allows the superimposition of digital information on a view of the real-world environment, and provides the opportunity to overlay such simulation results onto real-world objects and environments. The presented modal analysis undertaken herein provides natural frequencies and the corresponding deformation of an aluminum impeller. The results indicate the ability for the design part and finite element analysis results to be viewed on the physical part. A mobile AR-FEA-based system was developed for Modal Analysis result visualization. This study offers designers and engineers a new way to visualize such simulation results.
Thiol Diffusion and the Role of Humidity in “Dip Pen Nanolithography” (2002)

The radii of octadecanethiol spots deposited by an atomic force microscope tip onto a gold surface were studied as a function of contact time and humidity. The deposition is well described by two-dimensional diffusion from an annular source of constant concentration, with a surface diffusion coefficient of 8400 nm(2) s(-1), independent of humidity. Facile transfer is observed even after near continuous deposition for more than 24 h in a dry N2 environment, indicating that a water meniscus is not required.
Oral corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth (2019)

Higher OCS doses vs no OCS use, both earlier and later in pregnancy, were associated with an increase in PTB among women with RA.
Fibril Assemblies in Aqueous Whey Protein Mixtures (2006)

Fibril formation in mixtures of whey proteins upon heating at pH 2 was investigated. Fibrils were found to coexist with other structures, such as spherulites. These spherulites consist of radially oriented fibrils. At total protein concentrations above 6 wt %, transparent gels were formed. Changing the ratio between the various whey proteins did not affect this gelation concentration as long as beta-lactoglobulin (beta-lg) was present, suggesting that beta-lg was dominant in the gelation. Pure alpha-lactalbumin and pure bovine serum albumin did not form fibrils, nor did they gel upon heating at pH 2 and 80 degrees C for up to 10 h. They did however induce a decrease in the beta-lg concentration needed for gel formation upon heating at pH 2. Our results suggest that beta-lg is the only fibril forming protein at the conditions used and that no mixed fibrils are formed.
Increased DJ-1 in Urine Exosome of Korean Males with Parkinson’s Disease (2014)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a difficult disease to diagnose although it is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies show that exosome isolated from urine contains LRRK2 or DJ-1, proteins whose mutations cause PD. To investigate a potential use for urine exosomes as a tool for PD diagnosis, we compared levels of LRRK2, α-synuclein, and DJ-1 in urine exosomes isolated from Korean PD patients and non-PD controls. LRRK2 and DJ-1, but not α-synuclein, were detected in the urine exosome samples, as reported previously. We initially could not detect any significant difference in these protein levels between the patient and the control groups. However, when age, disease duration, L-dopa daily dose, and gender were considered as analytical parameters, LRRK2 and DJ-1 protein levels showed clear gender-dependent differences. In addition, DJ-1 level was significantly higher (1.7-fold) in male patients with PD than that in male non-PD controls and increased in an age-dependent manner in male patients with PD. Our observation might provide a clue to lead to a novel biomarker for PD diagnosis, at least in males.
End-pumped continuous-wave alkali vapor lasers: experiment, model, and power scaling (2004)

End-pumped alkali vapor lasers excited on their D2 transition and lased on their D1 transition offer a pathway to high average power that potentially competes with diode-pumped solid-state lasers in many applications that require cw or quasi-cw laser operation. We report on the first experimental demonstration of an end-pumped Cs laser using a Ti:sapphire laser for pump excitation. Detailed experimental and model results are presented that indicate our understanding of the underlying physics involved in such systems is complete. Using an extrapolation of our developed model, a discussion is given on power scaling diode-pumped alkali lasers, indicating a potential efficiency advantage over power-scaled diode-pumped solid-state lasers.
Supersonic cooling of rare-gas excimers excited in dc discharges (1991)

Emission spectra of the homonuclear rare-gas excimers have been investigated in the wavelength region of 50 to 200 nm by using continuous discharges with supersonic jet expansion. The well-known dimer bands were readily observed in the emission spectra of He, Ar, Kr, and Xe along with an extremely weak band of Ne. A detailed examination of the Ar(2) band at 128 nm was carried out, and its envelope and bandwidth (8.7 nm) indicate significant vibrational cooling owing to supersonic expansion.
Energy-efficient write circuit in STT-MRAM based look-up table (LUT) using comparison write scheme (2017)

In this paper, the circuit is proposed that selectively changes the memory required to perform a write operation in a LUT composed of several spin-torque transfer magnetic RAM(STT-MRAM)s. When write a new data in the STT-MRAM LUT, unnecessary energy is consumed because the write operation is performed even though the data is the equal as the previous one. To overcome this problem, a comparison write scheme is proposed. The energy consumption is smaller than previous circuit's in [1], when 45 or less data is written again based on the 6bit-LUT having 64 memory cells.
An Efficient FFT For OFDM Based Cognitive Radio On A Reconfigurable Architecture (2007)

Cognitive radio is a promising technology to utilize non-used parts of the spectrum that actually are assigned to licensed services. An adaptive OFDM based cognitive radio system has the capacity to nullify individual carriers to avoid interference to the licensed user. Therefore, there could be a considerably large number of zero-valued inputs/outputs for the IFFT/FFT in the OFDM transceiver. Due to the wasted operations on zero values, the standard FFT is no longer efficient. Based on this observation, we propose to use a computationally efficient IFFT/FFT as an option for OFDM based cognitive radio. Mapping this algorithm onto a reconfigurable architecture is discussed.
Phenotypic Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cells in Intima-Media Incorporated Hybrid Vascular Prostheses (1993)

Hierarchical hybrid vascular grafts were constructed with an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer and hybrid medial layer composed of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and type I collagen gel. The grafts, implanted into canine carotid arteries for up to 12 weeks, were ultrastructurally examined with a transmission electron microscope. Before implantation, SMCs incorporated into hybrid media were round and intracellularly filled with synthetic organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticula, mitochondria, free ribosomes, and Golgi complexes. Two weeks after implantation, bipolar spindle shaped SMCs still remained in a synthetic phenotype. At 12 weeks, circumferentially aligned SMCs were abundant in contractile apparatus such as myofilaments, dense bodies, and basement membranes. In a morphometric evaluation, the populations of three phenotypic SMCs (synthetic, intermediate, and contractile SMCs) were quantified. At 2 weeks, the proportions were 50.5, 41.8, and 7.7% for synthetic, intermediate, and contractile phenotypes, respectively. At 12 weeks, they were 9.9, 26.2, and 63.8%. These findings indicated that SMCs incorporated into hybrid grafts were transformed from a synthetic to a contractile phenotype under pulsatile stressed conditions after 12 weeks in vivo. Thus, the intima/media incorporated hybrid graft reconstructed a vessel wall similar to a native one in terms of structure and function.
Asparaginase-associated toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2015)

Asparaginase is an integral component of multiagent chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Positive outcomes are seen in patients who are able to complete their entire prescribed course of asparaginase therapy. Toxicities associated with asparaginase use include hypersensitivity (clinical and subclinical), pancreatitis, thrombosis, encephalopathy, and liver dysfunction. Depending on the nature and severity of the toxicity, asparaginase therapy may be altered or discontinued in some patients. Clinical hypersensitivity is the most common asparaginase-associated toxicity requiring treatment discontinuation, occurring in up to 30% of patients receiving Escherichia coli-derived asparaginase. The ability to rapidly identify and manage asparaginase-associated toxicity will help ensure patients receive the maximal benefit from asparaginase therapy. This review will provide an overview of the common toxicities associated with asparaginase use and recommendations for treatment management.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 3‐R‐1‐Adamantyl Methyl Ketones. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antifibrotic effect of lysophosphatidic acid receptors <scp>LPA</scp><sub>1</sub> and <scp>LPA</scp><sub>3</sub> antagonist on experimental murine scleroderma induced by bleomycin (2015)

The study of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor has recently focused on its involvement in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We examined the inhibitory effects of the antagonist for the LPA receptor, a selective LPA1 and LPA3 antagonist (Ki16425), on dermal and lung fibrosis in a mouse model of SSc. Ki16425 was administered intra-dermally after 6 h on the same sites as bleomycin injection. Histopathological examination showed that skin lesions were markedly attenuated by treatment with Ki16425 at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg, along with reduced dermal thickness. Hydroxyproline contents in the Ki16425-treated skin showed a decrease of 35% (1 mg/kg) and 45% (10 mg/kg) compared with those in the oil-injected skin of the controls. The number of mast cells and phospho-Smad2/3-positive spindle cells of the Ki16425-treated skin was significantly decreased compared with that in the controls. Additionally, RT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA levels of TGF-β1, CTGF, MIP-1α, IFN-γ and collagen α1(I) were significantly decreased in both the 1-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg groups of the Ki16425-treated mice compared with those in the controls. Furthermore, treatment with bleomycin and Ki16425 showed reduction in lung fibrosis, and the hydroxyproline contents in the lungs of the Ki16425-treated mice showed a decrease of 25% (1 mg/kg) and 32% (10 mg/kg) compared with those in the lungs of the controls. Taken together, Ki16425 was found to improve dermal and lung fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced murine scleroderma. These results suggest that Ki16425 has the potential to be an effective new treatment for scleroderma.
Optical devices based on fluidic controlled two-mode interference (1999)

We present a design study on optical devices based on fluidic controlled two-mode interference in an optical waveguide intersected by a fluid channel. Presence of one or another liquid in the waveguide determines the state of the device. For switch applications our studies indicate achievable cross-talk values of better than -20 dB at switching times in the millisecond regime, whereas fluidic motion can be achieved by various means. Other applications include optical phase and absorption sensing in micro-chemical analysis systems.
<title>Automatic detection of defects in industrial ultrasound images using a neural network</title> (1996)

Time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) is a relatively new method of ultrasonic inspection and is well suited to semi- automation using methods such as robotic scanning, computer conditioned data acquisition and signal and image enhancement. However very little work has been documented on the full computer understanding of such scans. Instead, most work has been directed at aiding the manual interpretation process to determine defect characteristics. This paper describes the application of image processing and neural networks (ANNs) to the task of completely automating the decision making process involved in the interpretation of TOFD scans. Local area analysis is used to derive a feature vector which contains 2D information on defect/component and non-defect areas. These vectors are then classified using an ANN trained with the backpropagation algorithm. The labelled image is then further segmented using binary shape analysis to discriminate between component echoes, or defect signals. Time-of-flight correction techniques may be then used in order to determine the location of defects within a scanned weld.
Endoscopic Duct Obstruction in Chronic Pancreatitis (1979)

Ligation of Wirsung's duct or obstruction with a glue may be an alternative to pancreatectomy in patients with intractable pain due to chronic relapsing pancreatitis. In 10 patients obstruction of Wirsung's duct was performed via endoscopic retrograde instillation of an alcoholic aminoacid solution into the ductal system. All patients became free of symptoms within one week; no complications were seen. Long-term follow-up data, however, suggest that clinical improvement may be persistent in only about 50 per cent of the patients. Further data are necessary before endoscopic obstruction of Wirsung's duct can be recommended as a conservative method in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
Efficient encodings of finite automata in discrete-time recurrent neural networks (1999)

A number of researchers have used discretetime recurrent neural nets (DTRNN) to learn finite-state machines (FSM) from samples of input and output strings; trained DTRNN usually show FSM behaviour for strings up to a certain length, but not beyond; this is usually called instability.Other authors have shown that DTRNN may actually behave as FSM for strings of any length and have devised strategies to construct such DTRNN.In these strategies, mstate deterministic FSM are encoded and the number of state units in the DTRNN is Θ(m).This paper shows that more efficient sigmoid DTRNN encodings exist for a subclass of deterministic finite automata (DFA), namely, when the size of an equivalent nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) is smaller, because n-state NFA may directly be encoded in DTRNN with a Θ(n) units.
Dermascopic hair disocclusion using inpainting (2008)

Inpainting, a technique originally used to restore film and photographs, is used to disocclude hair from dermascopic images of skin lesions. The technique is compared to the conventional software DullRazor, which uses linear interpolation to perform disocclusion. Comparison was performed by simulating occluding hair on a dermascopic image, applying DullRazor and inpainting and calculating the error induced. Inpainting is found to perform approximately 33% better than DullRazor's linear interpolation, and is more stable under heavy occlusion. The results are also compared to published results from two other alternatives: auto-regressive (AR) model signal extrapolation and band-limited (BL) signal interpolation.
Structural lithium ion battery electrolytes<i>via</i>reaction induced phase-separation (2017)

Novel structural battery electrolytes with both high ionic conductivity and stiffness in combination.
Multichannel and Repeatable Self‐Healing of Mechanical Enhanced Graphene‐Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites (2013)

A novel self-healing material, which was fabricated using few-layered graphene (FG) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) via a facile method, not only exhibits a mechanical enhanced property, but also can be repeatedly healed by various methods including infrared (IR) light, electricity and electromagnetic wave with healing efficiencies higher than 98%.
Professor Rita Levi-Montalcini on Nerve Growth Factor, Mast Cells and Palmitoylethanolamide, an Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Compound (2013)

Professor Rita Levi-Montalcini discovered Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in 1954, and many papers are published since, relating to this tremendously important milestone for the medical sciences. Much less is known about another milestone in molecular and clinical neurology she and her co-workers achieved. In the period 1993-1996 her group identified the mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties activity of the endogenous fatty amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). PEA is a molecule with tissue-protective and anti-inflammatory activities, widely present in plants, animals and man. Rita Levi-Montalcini and her group discovered in 1993 PEA as a natural modulator of hyperactive mast cells, counteracting the pro-inflammatory actions of NGF. PEA however, has not been registered as pharmaceutical drug, due to the fact that patent protection of the pure and natural compound was impossible. Therefore, developed as a nutraceutical, it did not catch the attention of the medical community, which we hope to prove is incorrect. Based on Levi-Montalcini’s work in the 90s PEA is now available as a nutraceutical for indications related to chronic pain and chronic inflammation. In the period 1970-1980 its safety and efficacy has been explored and documented in 6 double blind clinical trials in flu and respiratory infections in around 2000 patients. Triggered by the findings of Levi-Montalcini PEA has been evaluated since 1993 in a variety of pain indications such as sciatic pain, low back pain, diabetic pain, neuropathic pain, pain due to arthritis in a total of 2000 patients. PEA is therefore most probably the best-documented nutraceutical around, and its pharmacological profile has been described in more than 350 scientific papers. In this review we will discuss Levi-Montalcini’s discovery of PEA’s mechanisms of action and its clinical relevance.
Surface Modification of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> by NASICON-Type Ceramic Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

Three types of NASICON-type ceramic materials which are Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 1.3 Sc 0.15 Y 0.15 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 and Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Zr 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 are prepared by a solid-state reaction for surface modification of LiCoO 2 by mechano-chemical fusion coating. Ionic conductivity of the prepared ceramic electrolytes are evaluated as temperature changes, Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li1.3Sc0.15Y0.15Ti1.7(PO 4 ) 3 and Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Zr 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 exhibit the high ionic conductivity of 6.49×10 −4 S cm −1 , 5.61×10 −4 S cm −1 and 4.85 × 10 −4 S cm −1 , respectively, at room temperature. Under the high cut-off potential for utilization large amount of lithium, the surface modification by ionic conducting coatings improves cycleability and rate capability of the lithium ion batteries. As ionic conductivity of coating materials increases, the coated LiCoO 2 exhibits the better electrochemical performances. With AC impedance analyses, it is elucidated that the NASICON surface-coatings greatly relieve the interfacial resistance between LiCoO 2 electrode and electrolyte.
Ultra high vacuum properties of some engineering polymers (2004)

Engineering Polymers are very good candidates for applications requiring mechanical properties comparable with metals, chemical inertia, high insulation capability, high temperature operation and ultra high vacuum (UHV) compatibility. The results of a systematic test series, aimed at qualifying the engineering resins VESPEL/spl reg/ SP1, PEEK and CELAZOLE/spl reg/ PBI as UHV seals, are reported. The study of the materials behavior has been carried out over a wide temperature interval, ranging from 20 to 400/spl deg/C. In addition to the tightness and permeation tests, thermal desorption and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis have also been performed. The results obtained indicate that CELAZOLE/spl reg/PBI provides the best performance, since it can be operated safely up to 375/spl deg/C, without giving any sign of leak or other drawbacks. PEEK, on the contrary, does not stand temperatures higher than 275/spl deg/C but, below this limit, it remains a very cost effective and reliable alternative. VESPEL/spl reg/ SP1, in its turn, can be operated safely up to 325/spl deg/C but above this temperature its properties start to degrade even if not in an abrupt manner as is the case for the other two resins. The possible applications of some of these polymers in the field of nuclear fusion research are also briefly described.