gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Neural Network Media Noise Predictor Turbo-detection System for One and Two Dimensional High-Density Magnetic Recording (2020)

The hard disk drive (HDD) industry is facing a physical limit on the areal density (AD) of one-dimensional magnetic recording (1DMR) on traditional magnetic media. To increase capacity without media redesign, twodimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) has been introduced. The effective channel model has a media noise term which models signal dependent noise due to, e.g., magnetic grains intersected by bit boundaries. Trellis based detection with pattern dependent noise prediction (PDNP) [1] is standard practice in HDDs. The trellis detector sends soft coded bit estimates to a channel decoder, which outputs user information bit estimates. PDNP uses a relatively simple autoregressive noise model and linear prediction; this model is somewhat restrictive and may not accurately represent the media noise, especially at high storage densities. To address this modeling problem, we design and train deep neural network (DNN) based media noise predictors. As DNN [2] models are more general than autoregressive models, they more accurately model media noise compared to PDNP. The proposed turbo detector assumes a channel model for the k th linear equalizer filter output y(k).
Infrared spectra of joint fluids (1994)

The present study demonstrates the application of infrared spectroscopy to the diagnosis of arthritic conditions by analysis of joint fluids. The detection of carbon dioxide clathrates, their origin and the nature of the host material is discussed. The analytical sensitivity of mid IR second derivative spectra is demonstrated with the detection of the local anaesthetic lidocaine in some of the samples. Linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering are successfully used to classify the spectra according to their respective clinical diagnosis.
Efficient CuInSe2/CdS solar cells (1975)

We report the preparation of a CuInSe2/CdS heterojunction solar cell having a solar power conversion efficiency of 12% measured on a clear day in New Jersey (∼92-mW/cm2 solar intensity).
Pyrolysis Processing for Solid Waste Resource Recovery in Space (2000)

The NASA objective of expanding the human experience into the far reaches of space will require the development of regenerable life support systems. A key element of these systems is a means for solid waste resource recovery. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of pyrolysis processing as a method for the conversion of solid waste materials in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS). A pyrolysis process will be useful to NASA in at least four respects: 1) it can be used as a pretreatment for a combustion process; 2) it can be used as a more efficient means of utilizing oxygen and recycling carbon and nitrogen; 3) it can be used to supply fuel gases to fuel cells for power generation; 4) it can be used as the basis for the production of chemicals and materials in space. A composite mixture was made consisting of 10% polyethylene, 15% urea, 25% cellulose, 25% wheat straw, 20% Gerepon TC-42 (space soap) and 5% methionine. Pyrolysis of the composite mixture produced light gases as the main products (CH4, H2, CO2, CO, H2O, NH3) and a reactive carbon-rich char as the main byproduct. Significant amounts of liquid products were formed under less severe pyrolysis conditions, but these were cracked almost completely to gases as the temperature was raised. A primary pyrolysis model was developed for the composite mixture based on an existing model for whole biomass materials. An artificial neural network model was also used successfully to model the changes in gas composition with the severity of pyrolysis conditions.
Dynamic Vector Modeling of Three-Phase Mutually Coupled Switched Reluctance Machines with Single dq-Quadrant Look-up Tables (2020)

This paper presents a dynamic modeling method for a 3-phase mutually coupled switched reluctance machine (MCSRM) considering spatial harmonics, and saturation. The conventional modeling methods of MCSRMs are based on 3D look-up tables (LUTs), where the phase flux linkages are considered as state variables. These 3D LUTs describe the phase currents with respect to phase flux linkages, and rotor position. The 3D LUTs represent two $dq$ quadrants, and are obtained from finite element analysis (FEA) by multi-phase excitation where the excitation currents cover two quadrants in the $dq$ synchronous reference frame. The LUTs used in the proposed method represent the phase current, and electro-magnetic torque as vectors. The magnitude, and the angle of these vectors are represented by the sine, and cosine Fourier coefficients. Hence, rotor position is not an input to the LUTs, and the proposed method uses 2D LUTs. Additionally, the flux linkages in the four $dq$ quadrants possess symmetry for MCSRMs. Therefore, LUTs corresponding to only one $dq$ quadrant are required. The single-quadrant based LUTs reduces the number of FEA steps, and the size of the LUTs by 50% compared to the two-quadrant LUT based models. Finally, the proposed method is validated using FEA, and experiments for a 12/8 MCSRM.
Light-induced unidirectional light switching (1981)

We report the first observation of a unidirectionally emitting medium obtained by the method of Doppler compensation by velocity-dependent light shifts. The emission can be switched on by a pulse of laser light. The properties of this light-switching technique are experimentally demonstrated.
Automatic dispersion extraction using continuous wavelet transform (2008)

In this paper we present a novel framework for automatic extraction of dispersion characteristics from acoustic array data. Traditionally high resolution narrow-band array processing techniques such as Prony's polynomial method and forward backward matrix pencil method have been applied to this problem. Fundamentally these techniques extract the dispersion components frequency by frequency in the wavenumber-frequency transform domain of the array data. The dispersion curves are subsequently extracted by a supervised post processing and labelling of the extracted wavenumber estimates, making such an approach unsuitable for automated processing. Moreover, this frequency domain processing fails to exploit useful time information. In this paper we present a method that addresses both these issues. It consists in taking the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) of the array data and then applying a wide-band array processing technique based on a modified Radon transform on the resulting coefficients to extract the dispersion curve(s). The time information retained in the CWT domain is useful not only for separating the components present but also for extracting group slowness estimates. The latter help in the automated extraction of smooth dispersion curves. In this paper we will introduce this new method referred to as the exponential projected Radon transform (EPRT) in the CWT domain and limit ourselves to the analysis for the case of one dispersive mode. We will apply the method to synthetic and real data sets and compare the performance with existing methods.
Addition of Activated Carbon to Sediments to Reduce PCB Bioaccumulation by a Polychaete (<i>Neanthes arenaceodentata</i>) and an Amphipod (<i>Leptocheirus plumulosus</i>) (2005)

This work examines the effects of adding coke or activated carbon on the bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in contaminated sedimentfrom South Basin at Hunters Point, San Francisco Bay. We show with 28-day sediment exposure tests that PCB bioaccumulation in a polychaete (Neanthes arenaceodentata) is reduced by 82% following 1-month contact of sediment with activated carbon and by 87% following 6-months contact of sediment with activated carbon. PCB bioaccumulation in an amphipod (Leptocheirus plumulosus) is reduced by 70% following 1-month contact of sediment with activated carbon and by 75% after 6-months contact of sediment with activated carbon. Adding coke had a negligible effect on reducing PCB bioaccumulation, probably because of the low specific surface area and the slow kinetics of PCB diffusion intothe solid coke particles. Reductions in congener bioaccumulation with activated carbon were inversely related to congener Kow, suggesting that the efficacy of activated carbon is controlled by the mass-transfer rate of PCBs from sediment and into activated carbon. We find that reductions in aqueous PCB concentrations in equilibrium with the sediment were similar to reductions in PCB bioaccumulation. While no lethality was observed following activated carbon addition, growth rates were reduced by activated carbon for the polychaete, but not for the amphipod, suggesting the need for further study of the potential impacts of activated carbon on exposed communities. The study suggests that treatment of the biologically active layer of contaminated sediments with activated carbon may be a promising in-situ technique for reducing the bioavailability of sediment-associated PCBs and other hydrophobic organic compounds.
Low-power ultrasound imaging systems using time delay spectrometry (2017)

Ultrasound (US) imaging systems have undergone substantial miniaturization leading to many clinical applications that rely on batteries. However, current clinical US systems utilizing pulse-echo imaging require a high voltage and short duration transmit pulse along with electronics that operate in the MHz frequency range. We are investigating a novel imaging method that employs time-delay spectrometry (TDS) as an alternative to pulse-echo and uses low-voltage (~5V peak-to-peak) transmit pulses along with low-power electronics operating in the kHz frequency range.
Per-Colorant-Channel Color Barcodes for Mobile Applications: An Interference Cancellation Framework (2012)

We propose a color barcode framework for mobile phone applications by exploiting the spectral diversity afforded by the cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) print colorant channels commonly used for color printing and the complementary red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels, respectively, used for capturing color images. Specifically, we exploit this spectral diversity to realize a three-fold increase in the data rate by encoding independent data in the C, M, and Y print colorant channels and decoding the data from the complementary R, G, and B channels captured via a mobile phone camera. To mitigate the effect of cross-channel interference among the print-colorant and capture color channels, we develop an algorithm for interference cancellation based on a physically-motivated mathematical model for the print and capture processes. To estimate the model parameters required for cross-channel interference cancellation, we propose two alternative methodologies: a pilot block approach that uses suitable selections of colors for the synchronization blocks and an expectation maximization approach that estimates the parameters from regions encoding the data itself. We evaluate the performance of the proposed framework using specific implementations of the framework for two of the most commonly used barcodes in mobile applications, QR and Aztec codes. Experimental results show that the proposed framework successfully overcomes the impact of the color interference, providing a low bit error rate and a high decoding rate for each of the colorant channels when used with a corresponding error correction scheme.
Development of Boundary Element Analysis Technique for Corrosion Protection Design (1998)

The authors have developed 2D, 3D and axisymmetric boundary-element-method (BEM) programs, and a BEM system based on these programs, in order to quantitatively estimate cathodic protection and macro-cell corrosion such as galvanic corrosion and differential-aeration-cell-corrosion. Because the knowledge of physical quantities (potential and current density) on the surface of corroding materials is of prime importance in corrosion problems, the authors have developed the BEM, which does not require discretization with internal elements. Whereas, conventional analysis techniques, e.g. finite-difference-method (FDM) and finite-element-method (FEM) require internal elements discretization which brings difficulties on the analysis of complicated 3D regions.In this paper, the mechanism of galvanic corrosion and cathodic protection, and the importance of the numerical analysis technique for the predictions of these corrosion problems are described firstly. Next, the history of development of the FDM, FEM and BEM are reviewed briefly. Lastly, the BEM and the BEM system are explained, and the usefulness of the BEM system is demonstrated by showing the application examples for corrosion protection design of seawater pumps.
Low Cost Inkjet Printed Smart Bandage for Wireless Monitoring of Chronic Wounds (2016)

Chronic wounds affect millions of patients around the world and their treatment is challenging as the early signs indicating their development are subtle. In addition, a type of chronic wound, known as pressure ulcer, develops in patients with limited mobility. Infection and frequent bleeding are indicators of chronic wound development. In this article, we present an unprecedented low cost continuous wireless monitoring system, realized through inkjet printing on a standard bandage, which can send early warnings for the parameters like irregular bleeding, variations in pH levels and external pressure at wound site. In addition to the early warnings, this smart bandage concept can provide long term wound progression data to the health care providers. The smart bandage comprises a disposable part which has the inkjet printed sensors and a reusable part constituting the wireless electronics. This work is an important step towards futuristic wearable sensors for remote health care applications.
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer design for high power transmission (2005)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUTs) were developed to meet the demands of the ultrasonic industry. To achieve maximum efficiency, the conventional operation of the cMUT requires a bias voltage close to the collapse voltage. Total acoustic output pressure is limited by the efficiency of the cMUT and the maximum-allowed pulse voltage on the membrane. In this paper, we propose the collapse-snapback operation of the cMUT: the membrane is collapsed onto the substrate in the collapsing cycle, and released in the snapback cycle. The collapse-snapback operation overcomes the above-mentioned limitations of the conventional operation. The collapse-snapback operation utilizes a larger range of membrane deflection profiles (both collapsed and released profiles) and generates higher acoustic output pressures. The static finite element calculations were performed to design cMUTs with specific collapse and snapback voltages by changing the electrode parameters (radius (re), position (de), and thickness (te)). These designs were refined for optimum average displacement per cycle. An electrode radius greater than 60% of the membrane radius significantly improved the displacement per volt. Moderately thick membranes (te approximately 0.2 microm) were preferred, as thicker membranes reduced the displacement per volt. Under proper bias conditions, the collapse-snapback operation, designed for high-power transmission, allowed the application of pulse voltages larger than the difference of collapse and snapback voltages. Dynamic finite element calculations of an infinite cMUT array on the substrate loaded with acoustic fluid medium were performed to determine the dynamic response of the cMUT. Commercially available FEM packages ANSYS and LS-DYNA were used for static and dynamic calculations, respectively. The cMUTs were fabricated for optimal performance in the collapse-snapback operation. The transmit experiments were performed on a 2-D cMUT array using a calibrated hydrophone. Taking into account the attenuation and diffraction losses, the pressure on the cMUT surface was extracted. The cMUT generated 0.47 MPa (6 kPa/V) and 1.04 MPa (11 kPa/V) in the conventional and collapse-snapback operations, respectively. Therefore, collapse-snapback operation of the cMUTs was superior for high-power transmission.
Efficient periodicity extraction based on sine-wave representation and its application to pitch determination of speech signals (2001)

This paper presents a novel low-complexity method for extracting periodicity of signals based on their sine-wave representation. In this representation, the signal is modeled as a finite sum of sine-waves, with time-varying amplitudes, phases and frequencies. We describe how one can modify the familiar spectral-comb analysis method to obtain a guaranteed and effective procedure to find the fundamental-frequency which gives the best harmonic approximation of the signal spectrum. The search is efficiently carried out in the frequency domain. The procedure obtains a successive refinement of possible pitch values which are consistent with an increasing number of sine wave components. Other pitch intervals are pruned at an early stage of the search. The advantage of this algorithm is its high accuracy achieved at a relatively low complexity. We also briefly describe one possible application in the area of pitch determination of speech signals.
Cyclic Expression of Endothelin-converting Enzyme-1 Mediates the Functional Regulation of Seminiferous Tubule Contraction (1999)

The potent smooth muscle agonist endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the local control of seminiferous tubule contractility, which results in the forward propulsion of tubular fluid and spermatozoa, through its action on peritubular myoid cells. ET-1, known to be produced in the seminiferous epithelium by Sertoli cells, is derived from the inactive intermediate big endothelin-1 (big ET-1) through a specific cleavage operated by the endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE), a membrane-bound metalloprotease with ectoenzymatic activity. The data presented suggest that the timing of seminiferous tubule contractility is controlled locally by the cyclic interplay between different cell types. We have studied the expression of ECE by Sertoli cells and used myoid cell cultures and seminiferous tubule explants to monitor the biological activity of the enzymatic reaction product. Northern blot analysis showed that ECE-1 (and not ECE-2) is specifically expressed in Sertoli cells; competitive enzyme immunoassay of ET production showed that Sertoli cell monolayers are capable of cleaving big ET-1, an activity inhibited by the ECE inhibitor phosphoramidon. Microfluorimetric analysis of intracellular calcium mobilization in single cells showed that myoid cells do not respond to big endothelin, nor to Sertoli cell plain medium, but to the medium conditioned by Sertoli cells in the presence of big ET-1, resulting in cell contraction and desensitization to further ET-1 stimulation; in situ hybridization analysis shows regional differences in ECE expression, suggesting that pulsatile production of endothelin by Sertoli cells (at specific "stages" of the seminiferous epithelium) may regulate the cyclicity of tubular contraction; when viewed in a scanning electron microscope, segments of seminiferous tubules containing the specific stages characterized by high expression of ECE were observed to contract in response to big ET-1, whereas stages with low ECE expression remained virtually unaffected. These data indicate that endothelin-mediated spatiotemporal control of rhythmic tubular contractility might be operated by Sertoli cells through the cyclic expression of ECE-1, which is, in turn, dependent upon the timing of spermatogenesis.
Coupled resonator vertical cavity laser diodes (1999)

We report on electrically injected coupled resonator vertical-cavity laser (CRVCL) diodes, including two novel modulation approaches. We show a side sketch of the CRVCL which consists of a lower active resonator containing 3 InGaAs quantum wells and a passive upper resonator composed of undoped GaAs. In the bottom active cavity we employ selective oxidation of AlGaAs to form buried oxide layers for efficient electrical and optical confinement. Electrical contacts to each cavity provide independent current injection into the resonators.
New aspects in laser welding with an increased efficiency (1994)

In the case of welding with CO2-laser the overall efficiency will be between 2% and 5%. Using a Nd:YAG-laser the efficiency is only between 1% and 2%. Compared to that, metal arc welding has a very high efficiency and the arc welding machine has a more than 10 times lower price than a laser system. Besides several distinctions concerning process and welding results laser beam and arc metal welding are characterized by different geometries of the melt pool. In the case of arc metal welding the weld seam is defined by a lower ratio of seam depths to widths. In laser welding this ratio is quite high. These distinctions are influencing e. g. geometrical tolerance requirements, gaps bridging ability or the heat input which is necessary to solve the defined welding problem.Both welding processes are governed by plasma phenomena. The paper describes the plasma phenomena and how it is possible to combine both processes to reach a higher efficiency. By combing arc and laser beam welding in an optimal way, on the one hand the welding speed could be increased and on the other hand the same welding depths could be reached with a reduced laser power.In overlap welding as well as in case of gaps the combination allows to get a bigger seam width and that means a bigger gap between the workpieces could be excepted. Welding results on steel sheets in overlap and butt joints are discussed with regard to process parameter for CO2- and Nd:YAG-laser welding combined with the arc metal welding process.
A language for information flow (2009)

This paper presents λ I , a language for dynamic tracking of information flow across multiple, interdependent dimensions of information. Typical dimensions of interest are integrity and confidentiality. λ I supports arbitrary domain-specific policies that can be developed independently. ?I treats information-flow metadata as a first-class entity and tracks information flow on the metadata itself (integrity on integrity, integrity on confidentiality, etc.). This paper also introduces IMPOLITE, a novel class of information-flow policies for λ I . Unlike many systems, which only allow for absolute-security relations, IMPOLITE can model more realistic security policies based on relative-security relations. IMPOLITE demonstrates how policies on interdependent dimensions of information can be simultaneously enforced within λ I 's unified framework.
Neural supersampling for real-time rendering (2020)

Due to higher resolutions and refresh rates, as well as more photorealistic effects, real-time rendering has become increasingly challenging for video games and emerging virtual reality headsets. To meet this demand, modern graphics hardware and game engines often reduce the computational cost by rendering at a lower resolution and then upsampling to the native resolution. Following the recent advances in image and video superresolution in computer vision, we propose a machine learning approach that is specifically tailored for high-quality upsampling of rendered content in real-time applications. The main insight of our work is that in rendered content, the image pixels are point-sampled, but precise temporal dynamics are available. Our method combines this specific information that is typically available in modern renderers (i.e., depth and dense motion vectors) with a novel temporal network design that takes into account such specifics and is aimed at maximizing video quality while delivering real-time performance. By training on a large synthetic dataset rendered from multiple 3D scenes with recorded camera motion, we demonstrate high fidelity and temporally stable results in real-time, even in the highly challenging 4 × 4 upsampling scenario, significantly outperforming existing superresolution and temporal antialiasing work.