gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Energy Saving of Epichlorohydrin Unit Based on Entransy Theory (2020)

The mathematical models for calculating the energy utilization efficiency of heat exchanger networks (HENs) based on entransy analysis method was built. The energy utilization efficiency of HENs for epichlorohydrin unit were calculated by exergy analysis and entransy analysis. Aiming at the maximum energy recovery, the entransy analysis of epichlorohydrin unit’s HENs was done. By taking three different ?Tmin, 10 K, 15 K and 20 K, the results show that the exergy efficiencies are 61.01 %, 59.28 % and 57.27 %. The entransy transfer efficiency is 42.81 %, 42.13 % and 41.00 %. Using the entransy analysis method, utilities were saved by 19.41 %, 18.01 % and 15.70 %. Using the exergy analysis method, utilities were saved by 16.59 %, 14.86 % and 12.02 %. The results of different methods were analysed and compared. Exergy is more complicated than entransy in the calculation process. The exergy analysis method can not complete HENs Synthesis. But the entransy analysis method not only can complete HENs synthesis, but also can calculate the energy utilization efficiency of HENs. The entransy analysis method is more suitable for analyzing the energy utilization of epichlorohydrin unit.
XESP for Traffic Visibility (2008)

This document describes leveraging UDP encapsulation for IPsec, using
ESP NULL encryption in order for intermediary devices to inspect the
IPsec packets. Currently in the IPsec standard, there is no way to
differentiate between ESP encryption and ESP NULL encryption by simply
examining a packet.
Scintillation and luminescence properties of Ce<sup>3+</sup> doped ternary cesium rare‐earth halides (2007)

Abstract The scintillation properties of Ce 3+ doped ternary cesium rare‐earth halides are reported. We investigated Cs 3 Lu 2 I 9 :Ce 3+ , Cs 3 Gd 2 I 9 :Ce 3+ , Cs 3 LaBr 6 :Ce 3+ and Cs 3 LuI 6 :Ce 3+ . Cs 3 Lu 2 I 9 :Ce 3+ and Cs 3 LaBr 6 :Ce 3+ exhibit the highest light yields under γ‐ray excitation of 22800 ± 2300 and 10400 ± 1000 photons per MeV of absorbed γ‐ray energy, respectively. Optical spectroscopy and scintillation decay time curves of these compounds are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Class 1 major histocompatibility complex antigens on human extra-villous trophoblast. (1984)

Using immunohistological techniques, class 1 products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been demonstrated on various forms of human extra-villous trophoblast in placental tissues taken from first, second and third trimester pregnancies. This contrasts with the absence of class 1 MHC antigens on all forms of villous trophoblast. The extra-villous trophoblast which reacted with antibodies to monomorphic class 1 MHC antigens consistently failed to bind HLA-A or HLA-B antibodies specific for the foetal phenotype. This suggests, but does not prove, that the MHC antigen expression of trophoblast may be restricted to HLA-C or some other undefined class 1 antigen.
HIV-1 antagonism of CD317/tetherin is species-specific and involves Vpu-mediated proteasomal degradation of the intrinsic immunity factor (2009)

Mammals encode proteins that inhibit viral replication at the cellular level. In turn, certain viruses have evolved genes that can functionally counteract these intrinsic restrictions. Human CD317 (BST-2/tetherin) was recently identified as a restriction factor that blocks release of HIV-1 from the cell surface and can be overcome by HIV-1 Vpu. Here, we show that mouse and rat CD317 potently inhibit HIV-1, but are resistant to Vpu. To promote virus release, Vpu depletes cellular pools of human CD317, but not of the rodent orthologs, by accelerating its degradation via the 20S proteasome. Importantly, HIV-1 downregulates surface-exposed CD317 and depletes endogenous pools of the restriction factor in infected human T-cells in a Vpu-dependent manner. Distinct mutants of CD317 indicate that also degradation-independent abilities of Vpu contribute to its ability to promote virus release. Interspecies-chimeras of CD317 reveal that the rodent-specific resistance and human-specific sensitivity to Vpu antagonism have a complex genetic basis involving all three major structural domains of the restriction factor. In rodent cells, knock-down of endogenous CD317 enhances HIV release and accelerates MLV spread, suggesting that CD317 contributes to the control of retroviral pathogenesis. Thus, HIV-1 Vpu suppresses the expression of the CD317 antiviral factor in infected human cells, and the species-specific resistance to Vpu antagonism may guide the advancement of small animal models of HIV infection.
Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of a New Phenylboronic-Modified Affinity Medium for Metalloprotease Purification (2016)

Metalloproteases are emerging as useful agents in the treatment of many diseases including arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and fibrosis. Studies that could shed light on the metalloprotease pharmaceutical applications require the pure enzyme. Here, we reported the structure-based design and synthesis of the affinity medium for the efficient purification of metalloprotease using the 4-aminophenylboronic acid (4-APBA) as affinity ligand, which was coupled with Sepharose 6B via cyanuric chloride as spacer. The molecular docking analysis showed that the boron atom was interacting with the hydroxyl group of Ser176 residue, whereas the hydroxyl group of the boronic moiety is oriented toward Leu175 and His177 residues. In addition to the covalent bond between the boron atom and hydroxyl group of Ser176, the spacer between boronic acid derivatives and medium beads contributes to the formation of an enzyme-medium complex. With this synthesized medium, we developed and optimized a one-step purification procedure and applied it for the affinity purification of metalloproteases from three commercial enzyme products. The native metalloproteases were purified to high homogeneity with more than 95% purity. The novel purification method developed in this work provides new opportunities for scientific, industrial and pharmaceutical projects.
Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense associado ao superbrotamento do hibisco (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) no Estado de São Paulo (2009)

Plantas de hibisco com superbrotamento e definhamento seguido de morte têm sido observadas nos municípios de São Paulo, Campinas e Piracicaba. Como os sintomas são sugestivos daqueles induzidos por fitoplasmas, o presente trabalho buscou identificar o possível fitoplasma associado com a doença. Assim, 14 plantas sintomáticas de hibisco foram coletadas em Piracicaba (SP) e submetidas ao PCR duplo com os primers P1/Tint-R16F2n/R2 e ao exame em microscópio eletrônico de transmissão. A identificação foi realizada por análise de RFLP com as enzimas de restrição BfaI, DraI, HaeIII, HhaI, HpaII, MboI, MseI, RsaI e TaqI. Testes de transmissão foram conduzidos com enxertia de ramos e uso de Cuscuta subinclusa. Os resultados de nested-PCR revelaram a presença consistente de fitoplasmas em todas as plantas sintomáticas e foram confirmados pela observação de corpúsculos pleomórficos no floema, através da microscopia eletrônica. A análise de RFLP mostrou que o fitoplasma encontrado em hibisco pertence ao grupo 16SrXV, o mesmo grupo do Candidatus Phytoplasma brasiliense. O fitoplasma foi transmitido de planta doente para sadia, tanto pela enxertia como pela C. subinclusa, demonstrando ser o agente do superbrotamento do hibisco.
The Association of Oral Hydroxyurea Therapy with Improved Cognitive Functioning in Sickle Cell Disease (2006)

This study examined potential cognitive benefits of oral hydroxyurea therapy for children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Cognitive abilities of 15 children with SCD on hydroxyurea were compared to 50 other children with SCD, controlling for demographics and hematocrit. Children on hydroxyurea scored significantly higher on tests of verbal comprehension, fluid reasoning, and general cognitive ability than children not on the drug. The data therefore provide preliminary evidence of cognitive benefits of hydroxyurea. Mechanisms for this effect may be improved blood/oxygen supply to the brain or reduced fatigue and illness.
A comparative study on face recognition techniques and neural network (2012)

In modern times, face recognition has become one of the key aspects of computer vision. There are at least two reasons for this trend; the first is the commercial and law enforcement applications, and the second is the availability of feasible technologies after years of research. Due to the very nature of the problem, computer scientists, neuro-scientists and psychologists all share a keen interest in this field. In plain words, it is a computer application for automatically identifying a person from a still image or video frame. One of the ways to accomplish this is by comparing selected features from the image and a facial database. There are hundreds if not thousand factors associated with this. In this paper some of the most common techniques available including applications of neural network in facial recognition are studied and compared with respect to their performance.
Distribution of certain subgingival microbial species in selected periodontal conditions (1984)

Nine commonly encountered subgingival species were enumerated in subgingival plaque samples from periodontally healthy, gingivitis, and adult and juvenile periodontitis subjects employing two elective and three selective media. Samples were also obtained for darkfield microscopy. Results indicated that Eikenella corrodens and Fusobacterium nucleatum were usually elevated in proportions in sites with gingivitis or destructive periodontal disease. Capnocytophaga gingivalis was associated with gingivitis whereas Capnocytophaga ochracea was found in higher proportions in subgingival plaques of subjects with juvenile periodontitis. Previous association of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans with juvenile periodontitis was confirmed. Spirochetes and other motile organisms were found more frequently and in higher proportions in the three disease states and were very strongly correlated with pocket depth. Motile organisms were also positively correlated with levels of plaque and redness in contrast to cocci which showed a strong negative correlation with all clinical parameters recorded.
The diaphragm as an anatomic surrogate for lung tumor motion (2009)

Lung tumor motion due to respiration poses a challenge in the application of modern three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Direct tracking of the lung tumor during radiation therapy is very difficult without implanted fiducial markers. Indirect tracking relies on the correlation of the tumor's motion and the surrogate's motion. The present paper presents an analysis of the correlation between tumor motion and diaphragm motion in order to evaluate the potential use of diaphragm as a surrogate for tumor motion. We have analyzed the correlation between diaphragm motion and superior-inferior lung tumor motion in 32 fluoroscopic image sequences from ten lung cancer patients. A simple linear model and a more complex linear model that accounts for phase delays between the two motions have been used. Results show that the diaphragm is a good surrogate for tumor motion prediction for most patients, resulting in an average correlation factor of 0.94 and 0.98 with each model respectively. The model that accounts for delays leads to an average localization prediction error of 0.8 mm and an error at the 95% confidence level of 2.1 mm. However, for one patient studied, the correlation is much weaker compared to other patients. This indicates that, before using diaphragm for lung tumor prediction, the correlation should be examined on a patient-by-patient basis.
Wave-front analyzer using a maximum likelihood algorithm (1977)

A technique is described wherein the pupil phase profile is obtained from the image irradiance or point spread function. Results of numerical examples are shown that illustrate the procedure on spread functions with large aberrations and on irradiance measurements containing noise.
A Distant Thud in the Jungle (140 km à l’ouest du paradis) (2021)

"A Distant Thud in the Jungle (140 km à l’ouest du paradis)." The Journal of Pacific History, 56(4), pp. 497–498
Immunoglobulin-binding activity among pathogenic and carrier isolates of Haemophilus somnus (1989)

Nonimmune binding of immunoglobulin to whole bacteria was quantitated for North American isolates of Haemophilus somnus recovered from cattle with pneumonia, reproductive failure (abortion), or thromboembolic meningoencephalitis or from the vagina or prepuce of carrier cattle. Quantitative binding activity covered a wide range, with most pathogenic and carrier isolates demonstrating significant immunoglobulin-Fc binding. Isolates for which Fc binding was not detectable were recovered only from the prepuces of asymptomatic bulls. Expression of Fc-binding activity correlated with the presence of the 41,000-molecular-weight protein (41K protein) and 270K protein. Isolates that lacked Fc-binding activity did not possess 41K or 270K protein. A 33K protein was detected in isolates that lacked Fc-binding activity but not in isolates that bound Fc.
A genetic approach to automatic bias generation for biased random instruction generation (2002)

Biased random instruction generators are commonly used in architectural verification of microprocessors, with biases specified manually by designers. As the complexity of processors grows, so does the complexity of specifying biases. Automatic bias generation speeds up the verification flow and may lead to better coverage of potential design errors. In this work, we present a genetic algorithm based framework to automatically generate biases. We target utilization of specific buffers for a new version of the PowerPC architecture. Our results show that the GA is effective in achieving high buffer utilization. Also, in targeting multiple objectives, the best approach to use depends on whether the objectives are related.
Expression of the Stem Cell Marker Nestin in Pre/Hypertrophic Chondrocytes in Osteochondroma (2011)

The pathogenesis of osteochondroma, the most common benign bone tumour, is not fully known. To date, regulation of nestin protein levels in osteochondromas and normal growth plates has not been reported. This study used immunohistochemical analysis to detect nestin protein levels in 48 osteochondromas and 13 normal growth plates (eight fetal and five postnatal). Nestin protein was mainly restricted to prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteochondroma. Nestin levels were significantly higher in osteochondromas in adolescents (age range 4 - 18 years, n = 32) than in osteochondromas in young adults (age range 20 - 28 years, n = 11), and significantly higher in osteochondromas in young adults than in those in older adults (age range 40 - 77 years; n = 5). Nestin protein was not present in normal growth plates. The presence of nestin protein parallels the biological behaviour of osteochondromas and is restricted to prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes, indicating that these nestin-positive cells may be central to osteochondroma development.
Plantas medicinales de la Sierra Central de Piura : Chalaco, Pacaypampa y Santo Domingo (1995)

El uso de plantas como remedios para curar enfermedades es una práctica muy antigua, como ha sido demostrada por los egipcios, persas y chinos. En Perú, los etnobotánicos han mostrado la importancia de las plantas en la medicina prehispánica, y algunas de ellas tales como la Uncaria tomentosa todavía continúan prestando un gran servicio no sólo a los peruanos, sino al mundo en general. En este artículo presento la descripción botánica de 27 especies con aplicaciones medicinales usadas en la Sierra de Piura. Creo que esta contribución enriquecerá el conocimiento que ya tenemos acerca de la medicina tradicional.Uses of plants as remedy to cure human illnesses is a very old practice, as it has been demonstrated by the Egiptians, Persian, and Chinese. In Perú, ethnobotanists have shown the importance of plants in prehispanic medicine, and some of them, like Uncaria tomentosa are still of great significance not only to peruvians but to the whole world. In this paper I present the botanical description of 27 species with medicinal applications used in the Sierra of Piura. I think this contribution will enrich the knowledge we already have about traditional medicine.
Added value of gastrin receptor scintigraphy in comparison to somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with carcinoids and other neuroendocrine tumours (2006)

Gastrin receptor scintigraphy (GRS) is a new imaging method primarily developed for the detection of metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). As gastrin-binding CCK(2) receptors are also expressed on a variety of other neuroendocrine tumours (NET), we compared GRS to somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in patients with NET. SRS and GRS were performed within 21 days in a series of 60 consecutive patients with NET. GRS was directly compared with SRS. If lesions were visible on GRS but not detectable by SRS, other imaging modalities (MRI, CT) and follow-up were used for verification. Of the 60 evaluable patients, 51 had carcinoid tumours, 3 gastrinomas, 2 glucagonomas, 1 insulinoma and 3 paragangliomas. The overall tumour-detection rate was 73.7% for GRS and 82.1% for SRS. In the 11 patients with negative SRS, GRS was positive in 6 (54.5%). Based on the number of tumour sites detected and the degree of uptake, GRS performed better than SRS in 13 patients (21.7%), equivalent images were obtained in 18 cases (30.0%) and SRS performed better in 24 (40.0%) cases. In six of the SRS positive patients, 18 additional sites of tumour involvement could be detected. Overall, GRS detected additional tumour sites in 20% of the patients. Localisation of the primary tumours or their functional status had no influence on the outcome of imaging. GRS should be performed in selected patients as it may provide additional information in patients with NET with equivocal or absent somatostatin uptake.
CdTe quantum dots and polymer nanocomposites for x-ray scintillation and imaging (2011)

Investigations are reported on the x-ray scintillation and imaging application of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) and their polymer nanocomposites. Aqueous CdTe QDs with emissions ranging between 510 and 680 nm were prepared and incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol or polymethyl methacrylate polymer matrices. The x-ray luminescent properties were evaluated and a resolution of 5 lines∕mm was obtained from the nanocomposite films. Additionally, the fast decay time, nonafterglow, and superior spectral match to conventional charge coupled devices, show that CdTe QD nanocomposites have high promise for x-ray imaging applications.
Improved Synthesis of Potassium (Trifluoromethyl)trifluoroborate [K(CF<sub>3</sub>BF<sub>3</sub>)] (2003)

An improved synthesis of potassium (trifluoromethyl)trifluoroborate [K(CF3BF3)] has been developed. Thus Ruppert's reagent, (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane, is treated with trimethoxyborane in the presence of potassium fluoride. Aqueous hydrogen fluoride is added to the resulting intermediate, and the title compound can be isolated in 85% overall yield. The process is readily scalable, allowing a viable procedure for the synthesis of this potentially valuable reagent.
Calculation of power limit due to fiber nonlinearity in optical OFDM systems (2007)

We develop a simple formula for estimating the effect of Four- Wave Mixing (FWM) on received signal quality in coherent optical systems using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for dispersion compensation. This shows the nonlinear limit is substantially independent of the number of OFDM subcarriers. Our analysis agrees well with full split-step Fourier method simulations, so allows the nonlinear limit of multi-span systems to be estimated without lengthy simulations.
The effect of acute rise in intracranial pressure on the sympathetic cardiac, vertebral and phrenic nerve activities. (1976)

A transient rise of intracranial pressure in cats under chloralose-urethane anaesthesia increased the activity of the sympathetic vertebral nerve, cardiac nerve and in the first phase phrenic nerve. If the vagus nerves were intact this rise in sympathetic activity was associated with bradycardia. These effects developed with a delay, as a rule after abatement of the transient intracranial pressure rise. The authors suggest that Cushing's reaction is caused by medullary ischaemia and development of local metabolic acidosis activating simultaneously the sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons in the medulla oblongata.
Learning To Read and Learning To Spell (2000)

Learning to read words and learning to spell words are closely related. Both follow a similar course of acquisition. Both rely on the same knowledge sources—knowledge about the alphabetic system, and memory for the spellings of specific words—that develop together and are reciprocally related. Correlations between reading and spelling are high, typically above r =.70. However, the two processes are not quite the same. The amount of information to be drawn from memory is greater for spellers who must produce multiple letters correctly sequenced than for readers who must produce single pronunciations and meanings for written words.
An anomalous trade-off effect on the properties of smart ortho-functional benzoxazines (2015)

A series of <italic>ortho</italic>-difunctional benzoxazine monomers containing amide, imide and amide–imide groups have been synthesized in order to obtain basic design rules toward preparing higher performance polybenzoxazoles based on smart benzoxazine chemistry.
An improved manufacturing process for Xyntha/ReFacto AF (2009)

ReFacto Antihemophilic Factor is a second-generation antihaemophilia A product manufactured using a process that includes therapeutic grade human serum albumin (HSA) in the cell culture medium, but is formulated without HSA as a stabilizer. Even though this second-generation antihaemophilia product has a good safety profile, a programme was implemented to eliminate all animal- and human-derived raw materials from the production process, thus producing a third-generation product. To that end, HSA has been removed from the master and working cell banks and from the culture medium. The hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody formerly used in the purification process has been replaced by a chemically synthesized affinity peptide, and a virus-retaining filtration step has been added to enhance the clearance of large viruses, such as retroviruses. The purification process has been validated for the removal of a panel of model viruses and provides significant clearance of all viruses tested. Host cell- and process-derived impurity removal validations also were conducted, including host cell DNA and protein, in addition to the affinity peptide. Compared with the product manufactured according to the original process, these changes had no detectable effect on the structural integrity, stability or clinical efficacy of this antihaemophilia A product. The product produced by the improved manufacturing process is named Xyntha/ReFacto AF.