gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-power FPGA using pre-defined dual-Vdd/dual-Vt fabrics (2004)

Traditional FPGAs use uniform supply voltage Vdd and uniform threshold voltage Vt. We propose to use pre-defined dual-Vdd and dual-Vt fabrics to reduce FPGA power. We design FPGA circuits with dual-Vdd/dual-Vt to effectively reduce both dynamic power and leakage power, and define dual-Vdd/dual-Vt FPGA fabrics based on the profiling of benchmark circuits. We further develop CAD algorithms including power-sensitivity based voltage assignment and simulated-annealing based placement to leverage such fabrics. Compared to the conventional fabric using uniform Vdd/Vt at the same target clock frequency, our new fabric using dual Vt achieves 9% to 20% power reduction. However, the pre-defined FPGA fabric using both dual Vdd and dual Vt only achieves on average 2% extra power reduction. It is because that the pre-designed dual-Vdd layout pattern introduces non-negligible performance penalty. Therefore, programmability of supply voltage is needed to achieve significant power saving for dual-Vdd FPGAs. To our best knowledge, it is the first in-depth study on applying both dual-Vdd and dual-Vt to FPGA considering circuits, fabrics and CAD algorithms.
Wavelength-scanning digital interference holography for tomographic three-dimensional imaging by use of the angular spectrum method (2005)

A tomographic imaging system based on wavelength-scanning digital interference holography is developed by applying the angular spectrum method. Compared to the well-known Fresnel diffraction formula, which is subject to a minimum distance requirement in reconstruction, the angular spectrum method can reconstruct the wave field at any distance from the hologram plane. The new system allows three-dimensional tomographic images to be extracted with an improved signal-to-noise ratio, a more flexible scanning range, and an easier specimen size selection. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
A Topic Model for Linked Documents and Update Rules for its Estimation (2010)

The latent topic model plays an important role in the unsupervised learning from a corpus, which provides a probabilistic interpretation of the corpus in terms of the latent topic space. An underpinning assumption which most of the topic models are based on is that the documents are assumed to be independent of each other. However, this assumption does not hold true in reality and the relations among the documents are available in different ways, such as the citation relations among the research papers. To address this limitation, in this paper we present a Bernoulli Process Topic (BPT) model, where the interdependence among the documents is modeled by a random Bernoulli process. In the BPT model a document is modeled as a distribution over topics that is a mixture of the distributions associated with the related documents. Although BPT aims at obtaining a better document modeling by incorporating the relations among the documents, it could also be applied to many applications including detecting the topics from corpora and clustering the documents. We apply the BPT model to several document collections and the experimental comparisons against several state-of-the-art approaches demonstrate the promising performance.
Electrophysiologically and behaviourally active semiochemicals identified from bed bug refuge substrate (2020)

Bed bugs are pests of public health importance due to their relentless biting habits that can lead to allergies, secondary infections and mental health issues. When not feeding on human blood bed bugs aggregate in refuges close to human hosts. This aggregation behaviour could be exploited to lure bed bugs into traps for surveillance, treatment efficacy monitoring and mass trapping efforts, if the responsible cues are identified. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the bed bug aggregation pheromone. Volatile chemicals were collected from bed bug-exposed papers, which are known to induce aggregation behaviour, by air entrainment. This extract was tested for behavioural and electrophysiological activity using a still-air olfactometer and electroantennography, respectively. Coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) was used to screen the extract and the GC-EAG-active chemicals, benzaldehyde, hexanal, (E)-2-octenal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, heptanal, (R,S)-1-octen-3-ol, 3-carene, β-phellandrene, (3E,5E)-octadien-2-one, (E)-2-nonenal, 2-decanone, dodecane, nonanoic acid, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, (E)-2-undecanal and (S)-germacrene D, were identified by GC-mass spectrometry and quantified by GC. Synthetic blends, comprising 6, 16, and 18 compounds, at natural ratios, were then tested in the still-air olfactometer to determine behavioural activity. These aggregation chemicals can be manufactured into a lure that could be used to improve bed bug management.
Lensfree On-chip Microscopy Achieves Accurate Measurement of Yeast Cell Viability and Concentration Using Machine Learning (2017)

Automatic measurement of yeast viability and concentration is achieved by coupling a lensfree on-chip holographic microscope with a machine learning based classification algorithm that counts the number of live/dead cells stained with methylene blue.
Risk assessment of turbine rotor failure using probabilistic ultrasonic non-destructive evaluations (2014)

The study presents a method and application of risk assessment methodology for turbine rotor fatigue failure using probabilistic ultrasonic nondestructive evaluations. A rigorous probabilistic modeling for ultrasonic flaw sizing is developed by incorporating the model-assisted probability of detection, and the probability density function (PDF) of the actual flaw size is derived. Two general scenarios, namely the ultrasonic inspection with an identified flaw indication and the ultrasonic inspection without flaw indication, are considered in the derivation. To perform estimations for fatigue reliability and remaining useful life, uncertainties from ultrasonic flaw sizing and fatigue model parameters are systematically included and quantified. The model parameter PDF is estimated using Bayesian parameter estimation and actual fatigue testing data. The overall method is demonstrated using a realistic application of steam turbine rotor, and the risk analysis under given safety criteria is provided to support maintenance planning.
Potential High-Temperature Shape-Memory Alloys Identified in the Ti(Ni,Pt) System (2004)

Shape memory is a unique property of certain alloys that, when deformed (within certain strain limits) at low temperatures, will remember and recover to their original predeformed shape upon heating. It occurs when an alloy is deformed in the low-temperature martensitic phase and is then heated above its transformation temperature back to an austenitic state. As the material passes through this solid-state phase transformation on heating, it also recovers its original shape. This behavior is widely exploited, near room temperature, in commercially available NiTi alloys for connectors, couplings, valves, actuators, stents, and other medical and dental devices. In addition, there are limitless applications in the aerospace, automotive, chemical processing, and many other industries for materials that exhibit this type of shape-memory behavior at higher temperatures. But for high temperatures, there are currently no commercial shape-memory alloys. Although there are significant challenges to the development of high-temperature shape-memory alloys, at the NASA Glenn Research Center we have identified a series of alloy compositions in the Ti-Ni-Pt system that show great promise as potential high-temperature shape-memory materials.
Toward Long Distance, Sub-diffraction Imaging Using Coherent Camera\n Arrays (2015)

In this work, we propose using camera arrays coupled with coherent\nillumination as an effective method of improving spatial resolution in long\ndistance images by a factor of ten and beyond. Recent advances in ptychography\nhave demonstrated that one can image beyond the diffraction limit of the\nobjective lens in a microscope. We demonstrate a similar imaging system to\nimage beyond the diffraction limit in long range imaging. We emulate a camera\narray with a single camera attached to an X-Y translation stage. We show that\nan appropriate phase retrieval based reconstruction algorithm can be used to\neffectively recover the lost high resolution details from the multiple low\nresolution acquired images. We analyze the effects of noise, required degree of\nimage overlap, and the effect of increasing synthetic aperture size on the\nreconstructed image quality. We show that coherent camera arrays have the\npotential to greatly improve imaging performance. Our simulations show\nresolution gains of 10x and more are achievable. Furthermore, experimental\nresults from our proof-of-concept systems show resolution gains of 4x-7x for\nreal scenes. Finally, we introduce and analyze in simulation a new strategy to\ncapture macroscopic Fourier Ptychography images in a single snapshot, albeit\nusing a camera array.\n
Stabilized Nanoporous Metals by Dealloying Ternary Alloy Precursors (2008)

A small percentage of platinum added to silver/gold alloys that are then electrochemically dealloyed yields an extremely high surface area nanoporous metal, with pore size less than 4 nm, as shown in the figure (scale bar = 5 nm). The presence of surface platinum stabilizes the nanostructure to coarsening in air and electrolyte.
Scalable real-time volumetric surface reconstruction (2013)

We address the fundamental challenge of scalability for real-time volumetric surface reconstruction methods. We design a memory efficient, hierarchical data structure for commodity graphics hardware, which supports live reconstruction of large-scale scenes with fine geometric details. Our sparse data structure fuses overlapping depth maps from a moving depth camera into a single volumetric representation, from which detailed surface models are extracted. Our hierarchy losslessly streams data bidirectionally between GPU and host, allowing for unbounded reconstructions. Our pipeline, comprised of depth map post-processing, camera pose estimation, volumetric fusion, surface extraction, and streaming, runs entirely in real-time. We experimentally demonstrate that a shallow hierarchy with relatively large branching factors yields the best memory/speed tradeoff, consuming an order of magnitude less memory than a regular grid. We compare an implementation of our data structure to existing methods and demonstrate higher-quality reconstructions on a variety of large-scale scenes, all captured in real-time.
Automotive multi-speaker audio system with different timing reproduction of audio sound (1993)

First Page
Optimal control applied to a thoraco-abdominal CPR model (2008)

The techniques of optimal control are applied to a validated blood circulation model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), consisting of a system of seven difference equations. In this system, the non-homogeneous forcing terms are chest and abdominal pressures acting as the 'controls'. We seek to maximize the blood flow, as measured by the pressure difference between the thoracic aorta and the right atrium. By applying optimal control methods, we characterize the optimal waveforms for external chest and abdominal compression during cardiac arrest and CPR in terms of the solutions of the circulation model and of the corresponding adjoint system. Numerical results are given for various scenarios. The optimal waveforms confirm the previously discovered positive effects of active decompression and interposed abdominal compression. These waveforms can be implemented with manual (Lifestick-like) and mechanical (vest-like) devices to achieve levels of blood flow substantially higher than those provided by standard CPR, a technique which, despite its long history, is far from optimal.
A New Comb Circular Polarizer Suitable for Millimeter-Band Application (2006)

ABSTRACTThis letter presents a new polarizer which has a simple comb structure inside a circular waveguide. The electrical performance of the proposed comb polarizer is optimized by a circular waveguide radius and by the physical parameters of the comb plates. This polarizer is suitable for providing good performance in millimeter-band application because of its simple structure and low fabrication cost. In our experiments the dual-band comb polarizer designed in band 1(K) and band 2(Ka) showed good electrical performance without any tuning elements. KeywordsCircular polarizer, comb structure, dual-band, millimeter-band.
Noninvasive Measurement of Bladder Pressure. Does Mechanical Interruption of the Urinary Stream Inhibit Detrusor Contraction? (2003)

Mechanical interruption of urine flow by controlled inflation of a penile cuff during voiding does not inhibit detrusor contraction. This finding further validates our noninvasive technique of bladder pressure measurement and supports ongoing studies into its clinical usefulness.
[Ablative effect of an Er:YAG laser on enamel and dentin]. (1989)

The effectiveness of a pulsed infrared Er:YAG laser beam at a wavelength of 2.94 micron in removing hard tooth structure was studied. The defects produced by the laser beam were evaluated quantitatively and morphologically as a function of energy and pulse frequency. The use of this instrument allows the efficient removal of enamel and dentin while sparing the surrounding tissues.
Bullatacin, Bullatacinone, and Squamone, a New Bioactive Acetogenin, from the Bark of Annona squamosa (1990)

Activity-directed fractionation of the stem bark of Annona squamosa, monitoring with brine shrimp lethality, led to the isolation of the highly bioactive acetogenins bullatacin [1] and bullatacinone [2], thus demonstrating a new abundant plant source for these potent compounds. A new keto-monotetrahydrofuran acetogenin with a ketolactone terminus, as first seen in bullatacinone [2], was also isolated, characterized by spectral analyses, and named squamone [3]. The cytotoxicities of 3 were increased significantly by reduction of the two keto groups to hydroxyls, and the tetrahydrosquamone [7] and bullatacinone [2] both showed selective cytotoxicities to MCF-7 human breast carcinoma. Liriodenine and (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid were also isolated.
Environmentally Robust MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes for Automotive Applications (2009)

Automotive applications are known to impose quite harsh environmental conditions such as vibration, shock, temperature, and thermal cycling on inertial sensors. Micromachined gyroscopes are known to be especially challenging to develop and commercialize due to high sensitivity of their dynamic response to fabrication and environmental variations. Meeting performance specifications in the demanding automotive environment with low-cost and high-yield devices requires a very robust microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensing element. This paper reviews the design trend in structural implementations that provides inherent robustness against structural and environmental parameter variations at the sensing element level. The fundamental approach is based on obtaining a gain and phase stable region in the frequency response of the sense-mode dynamical system in order to achieve overall system robustness. Operating in the stable sense frequency region provides improved bias stability, temperature stability, and immunity to environmental and fabrication variations.
Realism assessment of color compatibility using a single image (2009)

In this paper, we present a study of the realism of color image composites. Assessing the realism of image composites has emerged as a new field of image processing due to the advances in digital imaging and communications. However, when making image composites, users often suffer from color incompatibility between the inserted object and the background. We observe two properties that help make an image composite look realistic. The first property is related to the color similarity between different segments of the image, and the second one is related to the consistency of color deviation between the segments. These two properties only require information available from a single image. An algorithm based on these two properties is proposed for assessment of image realism. Effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated.
Saturated double‐angle method for rapid <i>B</i><sub>1</sub>+ mapping (2006)

For in vivo magnetic resonance imaging at high field (> or =3 T) it is essential to consider the homogeneity of the active B(1) field (B(1)+), particularly if surface coils are used for RF transmission. A new method is presented for highly rapid B(1)+ magnitude mapping. It combines the double angle method with a B(1)-insensitive magnetization-reset sequence such that the choice of repetition time (TR) is independent of T(1) and with a multislice segmented (spiral) acquisition to achieve volumetric coverage with adequate spatial resolution in a few seconds. Phantom experiments confirmed the accuracy of this technique even when TR << T(1), with the side effect being lowered SNR. The speed of this method enabled B(1)+ mapping in the chest and abdomen within a single breath-hold. In human cardiac imaging, the method enabled whole-heart coverage within a single 16-s breath-hold. Results from phantoms and healthy volunteers at 1.5 T and 3 T are presented.
Characterization of a Fucose-Binding Protein from Bull Sperm and Seminal Plasma That May Be Responsible for Formation of the Oviductal Sperm Reservoir1 (2001)

Oviductal sperm reservoirs have been found in cattle, mice, hamsters, pigs, and horses. In cattle (Bos taurus), the reservoir is evidently formed when sperm bind to fucosylated ligands resembling Le(a) trisaccharide on the surface of oviductal epithelium. The aim of this study was to characterize the fucose-binding protein on bull sperm. Fresh ejaculated sperm were extracted with 0.5 M KCl in Hepes-balanced salts. Extracts were subjected to affinity chromatography using immobilized Le(a) trisaccharide (alpha-L-Fuc[1,4]-beta-D-Gal[1,3]-D-GlcNAc). Two-dimensional PAGE of the affinity chromatography eluates revealed a prominent protein of approximately 16.5 kDa and a pI of 5.8. This protein inhibited binding of sperm to oviductal explants. A similar analysis of proteins extracted from capacitated sperm (which do not bind to oviductal epithelium) showed a reduction in the amount of the 16.5-kDa protein. When examined by epifluorescence microscopy, live uncapacitated sperm labeled over the acrosome with a fucose-BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate, while capacitated sperm did not. When capacitated sperm were treated with 16.5-kDa protein, labeling with fucose-BSA-FITC was partially restored. The comparative ease with which the protein was removed from sperm and its apparent reassociation with sperm suggested that it could be a peripheral protein derived from epididymal or accessory gland fluids. Blots of SDS-PAGE gels of seminal plasma proteins revealed the presence of a Le(a)-binding protein with an apparent mass of 16.5 kDA: Amino acid sequencing of two tryptic fragments of the protein purified from sperm extracts identified it as PDC-109 (BSP-A1/A2), a product of the seminal vesicles.
<sup>6</sup><scp>L</scp>i Embedded Biaxially Stretched Scintillation Films for Thermal Neutron Detection and Neutron/<scp>G</scp>amma Discrimination (2013)

Biaxially stretched composite polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) films (BSCPF) embedded with submicron lithium fluoride ( 6 LiF) particles and luminescent molecules were fabricated to make large area scintillation films (≈1 m × 1 m) for thermal neutron detection. BSCPF had 20.2% higher neutron light yield as compared to unstretched composite film (UCPF), and were 2.46 ± 1.47 times more efficient for detecting thermal neutrons than lithiated glass GS20 above lower level discriminator corresponding to an intrinsic efficiency for gamma <10 −6 . MCNPX simulations for a layered BSCPF detector resulted 6.1 cps for 1 ng 252 Cf, thus meeting the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory criteria for absolute neutron detection efficiency and intrinsic gamma‐neutron discrimination. BSCPF have alpha to beta ratio of 0.25, which is higher than that for UCPF (0.11), and also for GS20 (0.22), which offers the possibility of excellent neutron/gamma discrimination.
DejaVu (2012)

The increasing popularity of interactive camera-based programs highlights the inadequacies of conventional IDEs in developing these programs given their distinctive attributes and workflows. We present DejaVu, an IDE enhancement that eases the development of these programs by enabling programmers to visually and continuously monitor program data in consistency with the frame-based pipeline of computer-vision programs; and to easily record, review, and reprocess temporal data to iteratively improve the processing of non-reproducible camera input. DejaVu was positively received by three experienced programmers of interactive camera-based programs in our preliminary user trial.
An integratable dual metal gate CMOS process using an ultrathin aluminum nitride buffer layer (2003)

We propose and demonstrate a novel approach for dual metal gate CMOS process integration through the use of a very thin aluminum nitride (AlN/sub x/) buffer layer between metal and gate oxide. This buffer layer prevents the gate oxide from being exposed to a metal etching process which potentially causes oxide thinning and damage. Subsequent annealing consumes the very thin AlN/sub x/ layer and converts it into a new metal alloy film by reacting with gate metals, resulting in no increase in EOT due to this buffer layer. The work function of the original gate metal is also modified as a result of its reaction with AlN/sub x/, making this approach extremely attractive for engineering the work function for dual metal gate CMOS applications.
Thixotropy Without Viscosity: A New Approach to Rheology Control of Oil Muds (1986)

ABSTRACT A new oil mud additive which imparts thixotropic properties to oil base muds has been developed and field tested. This new product is used in combination with an organophilic clay and imparts gel strength to oil base fluids without the corresponding increase in plastic viscosity. The use of this new amide resin is especially useful in developing thixotropy in oil emulsions drilling fluids using low viscosity mineral oils. The data presented demonstrates that a new additive has been developed which beneficiates organophilic clays without adding to the viscosity of the fluid. This additive causes organophilic clays to yield at ambient temperatures and low shear to produce fluids with minimum rheology changes over a wide range of temperatures. The use of this additive makes possible thixotropic fluids with reduced yield points and improved gel strengths without a corresponding increase in plastic viscosity. These properties make possible the formulation of fluids with inverted flow properties having low plastic viscosities and desirable gel strengths. Using this new additive, oil continuous fluids can be formulated with water contents ranging from 0 to 30 % with minimal changes in rheology. It is further suggested that the application of the amide resin chemistry creates the opportunity for novel waterless drilling, coring and packer fluids.