gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-thin lead titanate films prepared by tripole magnetron sputtering (1996)

Abstract Ultra-thin lead titanate (PbTiO3) films of 6 to 80 nm in thickness were deposited on single crystal MgO (100) substrate by employing tripole magnetron sputtering system, which was deviced to make the erosion area on the co-axial targets movable, and hence make a layer-by-layer process realized. Thin films of PbTiO3 with highly-oriented perovskite single phase were obtained at substrate temperature of 550°C. In the films thicker than 20 nm, the X-ray diffraction showed clearly the separated (100) and (001) peaks, while in those thinner than 10 nm, two peaks seemed to be superimposed onto a single peak, suggesting a gradual transition into pseudocubic. Far-infrared spectroscopy indicated a thickness-dependent absorption at wavenumber of 85 cm−1, which may be attributed to the phonon related to the Pb-TiO6 vibration.
Dynamic Response of Self-acting Foil Bearings (1974)

A new approach to the analysis of wide foil bearings is investigated. The equation of motion for a finite length of tape is coupled to the transient lubrication equation for the air film between the tape and the recording head. Compressibility and slip flow are retained in the fluid mechanics equation; flexural rigidity and high-speed dynamic effects are retained in the tape equation. The steady-state solution to the coupled equations is obtained as the limiting case of the transient initial value problem. Describing the system equations relative to the undeflected tape (as opposed to conventional foil-bearing theory, which uses the head as the reference surface) permits investigation of noncircular head geometries. In addition, wave propagation effects in the tape and the interaction of waves in the tape with the air-bearing region may be studied.
Expression and kinetic characterization of variants of human beta 1 beta 1 alcohol dehydrogenase containing substitutions at amino acid 47. (1990)

Arg-47 of human beta 1 beta 1 alcohol dehydrogenase has been replaced with Lys, His, Gln, and Gly by site-directed mutagenesis. The mutated enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The recombinant enzymes with Arg and His at position 47 exhibit kinetic constants and stability which are similar to beta 1 beta 1 and beta 2 beta 2, respectively. The substitution of Lys, His, or Gln for Arg-47 resulted in active enzymes with lower affinity for coenzyme and higher Vmax values than beta 1 beta 1. The substitution of Gln at position 47 resulted in an enzyme with the highest Vmax for ethanol oxidation of any mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase. In this series of enzymes, the affinity for coenzyme decreases with decreasing pKa of the substituted amino acid side chains. The substitution of Gly at position 47 resulted in an enzyme with a Vmax that was one-half that of the low activity beta 1 beta 1 and coenzyme affinities that are lower than beta 1 beta 1, but are equal to or greater than the affinities exhibited by the His-47 or Gln-47 enzymes. Product inhibition studies indicated a change in mechanism from ordered Bi Bi for beta 1 beta 1 to rapid equilibrium random Bi Bi for the Gly-47 enzyme. The kinetic properties of the Gly-47 enzyme are substantially different from human liver alpha alpha which also has Gly at position 47.
Structural analysis of underivatized neutral human milk oligosaccharides in the negative ion mode by nano-electrospray MS <sup>n</sup> (Part 2: Application to isomeric mixtures) (2002)

A complex mixture of isomeric neutral oligosaccharides from pooled human milk was analyzed by nano-electrospray ionization (ESI) in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QIT-MS) in the negative ion mode. Since deprotonated molecules of neutral oligosaccharides follow distinct fragmentation rules, which have been elucidated by using model compounds (see [1]), spectra obtained from consecutive CID experiments allowed the differentiation of isomers out of this highly complex mixture. With this method new human milk oligosaccharides of previously unknown isomeric structures have been identified, e.g., the occurence of three isomeric fucosylated lacto-N-hexaoses could be determined precisely, which have not been described before: (1) Fuc (alpha1-->2) Gal (beta1-->3) GlcNac (beta1-->3) Gal (beta1-->4) GlcNac (beta1-->3) Gal (beta1-->4) Glc, (2) Gal (beta1-->4) GlcNAc [(alpha1-->3) Fuc] (beta1-->3) Gal (beta1-->4) GlcNac (beta1-->3) Gal (beta1-->4) Glc, (3) Gal (beta1-->4) GlcNAc (beta1-->3) Gal (beta1-->4) GlcNac [(alpha1-->3) Fuc] (beta1-->3) Gal (beta1-->4) Glc.
A Method to Accurately Estimate the Muscular Torques of Human Wearing Exoskeletons by Torque Sensors (2015)

In exoskeletal robots, the quantification of the user's muscular effort is important to recognize the user's motion intentions and evaluate motor abilities. In this paper, we attempt to estimate users' muscular efforts accurately using joint torque sensor which contains the measurements of dynamic effect of human body such as the inertial, Coriolis, and gravitational torques as well as torque by active muscular effort. It is important to extract the dynamic effects of the user's limb accurately from the measured torque. The user's limb dynamics are formulated and a convenient method of identifying user-specific parameters is suggested for estimating the user's muscular torque in robotic exoskeletons. Experiments were carried out on a wheelchair-integrated lower limb exoskeleton, EXOwheel, which was equipped with torque sensors in the hip and knee joints. The proposed methods were evaluated by 10 healthy participants during body weight-supported gait training. The experimental results show that the torque sensors are to estimate the muscular torque accurately in cases of relaxed and activated muscle conditions.
Hybrid sparse-wavelength angle-multiplexed optical data storage system (1994)

We propose, analyze, and demonstrate a hybrid wavelength-and-angle-multiplexed optical data storage system. Our system utilizes multiwavelength information processing in conjunction with angle-multiplexed volume holographic storage, achieving direct compatibility with wavelength-encoded optical logic processors. Such a scheme also allows for rapid recall of high-density data into electronic processing and display systems. Hybridization of wavelength and angle multiplexing relaxes demands on spectral and angle-tuning sources and allows for the use of present-day-available optical sources and components.
Two Types of RAS Mutants That Dominantly Interfere with Activators of RAS (1994)

In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, ras1 regulates both sexual development (conjugation and sporulation) and cellular morphology. Two types of dominant interfering mutants were isolated in a genetic screen for ras1 mutants that blocked sexual development. The first type of mutation, at Ser-22, analogous to the H-rasAsn-17 mutant (L. A. Feig and G. M. Cooper, Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:3235-3243, 1988), blocked only conjugation, whereas a second type of mutation, at Asp-62, interfered with conjugation, sporulation, and cellular morphology. Analogous mutations at position 64 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAS2 or position 57 of human H-ras also resulted in dominant interfering mutants that interfered specifically and more profoundly than mutants of the first type with RAS-associated pathways in both S. pombe or S. cerevisiae. Genetic evidence indicating that both types of interfering mutants function upstream of RAS is provided. Biochemical evidence showing that the mutants are altered in their interaction with the CDC25 class of exchange factors is presented. We show that both H-rasAsn-17 and H-rasTyr-57, compared with wild-type H-ras, are defective in their guanine nucleotide-dependent release from human cdc25 and that this defect is more severe for the H-rasTyr-57 mutant. Such a defect would allow the interfering mutants to remain bound to, thereby sequestering RAS exchange factors. The more severe interference phenotype of this novel interfering mutant suggests that it functions by titrating out other positive regulators of RAS besides those encoded by ste6 and CDC25.
A Multi-Objective Technique for Test Suite Reduction (2013)

Entire test suites are often used to conduct regression testing on subject applications even after limited and precise changes performed during maintenance operations. Often, this practice makes regression testing difficult and costly. To deal with these issues, techniques to reduce test suites have been proposed and adopted. In this paper, we present a multi-objective technique for test suite reduction. It uses information related to the code and requirements coverage, the past execution cost of each test case in the test suite, and traceability link among software artifacts. We evaluated our proposal by testing three Java applications and comparing the achieved results with those of some baseline techniques. The results indicate that our proposal outperforms the baselines and that improvements are still possible.
The virulence gene activator ToxT from Vibrio cholerae is a member of the AraC family of transcriptional activators (1992)

Virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae is postulated to involve ToxR-dependent activation of the toxT gene followed by ToxT activation of virulence genes, including several of those involved in biogenesis of the toxin-coregulated pilus. ToxR is a transmembrane, DNA-binding protein which is a member of the OmpR subclass of two-component activator systems in bacteria. Data presented in this report demonstrate that ToxT is similar to the AraC family of transcriptional activators identified in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. The toxT open reading frame begins approximately 200 nucleotides from the end of the tcpF gene, which is part of a cluster of genes responsible for production of the toxin-coregulated pilus. Accumulation of toxT specific mRNA is ToxR dependent and is modulated by environmental conditions that modulate expression of the regulon. Within the intergenic region between tcpF and toxT is a potential stem-loop structure of an unusual nature which may play a role in regulating expression of toxT mRNA. Experiments with tcpF and toxT cloned behind a strong, constitutive promoter suggest that the two genes can be cotranscribed, but Northern (RNA) blot analysis of V. cholerae suggests that if they are, steady-state levels of their messages may be controlled by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Possible mechanisms for ToxR-dependent expression of toxT are discussed.
An efficient distributed group key management using hierarchical approach with Diffie-Hellman and Symmetric Algorithm: DHSA (2011)

This paper proposes an efficient many-to-many group key management protocol in distributed group communication. In this protocol, group members are managed in the hierarchical manner logically. Two kinds of keys are used, asymmetric and symmetric keys. The leaf nodes in the key tree are the asymmetric keys of the corresponding group members and all the intermediate node keys are symmetric keys assigned to each intermediate node. For asymmetric key, Diffie-Hellman key agreement is introduced. To calculate intermediate node keys, members use codes assigned to each intermediate node key tree. Group members calculate intermediate node keys rather than distributed by a sponsor member. The features of this approach are that, no keys are exchanged between existing members at join, and only one key, the group key, is delivered to remaining members at leave.
SimVLM: Simple Visual Language Model Pretraining with Weak Supervision (2021)

With recent progress in joint modeling of visual and textual representations, Vision-Language Pretraining (VLP) has achieved impressive performance on many multimodal downstream tasks. However, the requirement for expensive annotations including clean image captions and regional labels limits the scalability of existing approaches, and complicates the pretraining procedure with the introduction of multiple dataset-specific objectives. In this work, we relax these constraints and present a minimalist pretraining framework, named Simple Visual Language Model (SimVLM). Unlike prior work, SimVLM reduces the training complexity by exploiting large-scale weak supervision, and is trained end-to-end with a single prefix language modeling objective. Without utilizing extra data or task-specific customization, the resulting model significantly outperforms previous pretraining methods and achieves new state-of-the-art results on a wide range of discriminative and generative vision-language benchmarks, including VQA (+3.74% vqa-score), NLVR2 (+1.17% accuracy), SNLI-VE (+1.37% accuracy) and image captioning tasks (+10.1% average CIDEr score). Furthermore, we demonstrate that SimVLM acquires strong generalization and transfer ability, enabling zero-shot behavior including open-ended visual question answering and cross-modality transfer.
The<i>c</i>l repressor of bacteriophage P1 operator-repressor interaction of wild-type and mutant repressor proteins (1989)

The c1 repressor gene of bacteriophage P1 and the temperature-sensitive mutants P1c1.100 and P1c1.162 was cloned into an expression vector and the repressor proteins were overproduced. A rapid purification procedure was required for the isolation of the thermolabile repressor proteins. Identification of the highly purified protein of an apparent molecular weight of 33,000 as the product of the c1 gene was verified by (i) the coincidence of partial amino acid sequences determined experimentally to that deduced from the c1 DNA sequence, and (ii) the temperature-sensitive binding to the operator DNA of the thermolabile repressor proteins. Analysis of the products of c1-c1.100 recombinant DNAs relates the thermolability to an unknown alteration in the C-terminal half of the c1.100 repressor. Binding to the operator DNA of c1 repressor is sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide. Since the only three cysteine residues are located in the C-terminal half of the repressor it is suggested that this part of the molecule is important for the binding to the operator DNA. This assumption is supported by the findings that a 14-kDa C-terminal repressor fragment obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage retains DNA binding properties.
Glutamate Receptor Exocytosis and Spine Enlargement during Chemically Induced Long-Term Potentiation (2006)

The changes in synaptic morphology and receptor content that underlie neural plasticity are poorly understood. Here, we use a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein to tag recombinant glutamate receptors and monitor their dynamics onto dendritic spine surfaces. We show that chemically induced long-term potentiation (chemLTP) drives robust exocytosis of AMPA receptors. In contrast, the same stimulus produces a small reduction of NMDA receptors from the spine surface. chemLTP produces similar modification of small and large spines. Interestingly, during chemLTP induction, spines increase in volume before accumulation of AMPA receptors on their surface, indicating that distinct mechanisms underlie changes in morphology and receptor content.
Features for Masking-Based Monaural Speech Separation in Reverberant Conditions (2017)

Monaural speech separation is a fundamental problem in speech and signal processing. This problem can be approached from a supervised learning perspective by predicting an ideal time-frequency mask from features of noisy speech. In reverberant conditions at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), accurate mask prediction is challenging and can benefit from effective features. In this paper, we investigate an extensive set of acoustic-phonetic features extracted in adverse conditions. Deep neural networks are used as the learning machine, and separation performance is evaluated using standard objective speech intelligibility metrics. Separation performance is systematically evaluated in both nonspeech and speech interference, in a variety of SNRs, reverberation times, and direct-to-reverberant energy ratios. Considerable performance improvement is observed by using contextual information, likely due to temporal effects of room reverberation. In addition, we construct feature combination sets using a sequential floating forward selection algorithm, and combined features outperform individual ones. We also find that optimal feature sets in anechoic conditions are different from those in reverberant conditions.
Voxel-based morphometry predicts shifts in dendritic spine density and morphology with auditory fear conditioning (2015)

Neuroimaging has provided compelling data about the brain. Yet the underlying mechanisms of many neuroimaging techniques have not been elucidated. Here we report a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study of Thy1-YFP mice following auditory fear conditioning complemented by confocal microscopy analysis of cortical thickness, neuronal morphometric features and nuclei size/density. Significant VBM results included the nuclei of the amygdala, the insula and the auditory cortex. There were no significant VBM changes in a control brain area. Focusing on the auditory cortex, confocal analysis showed that fear conditioning led to a significantly increased density of shorter and wider dendritic spines, while there were no spine differences in the control area. Of all the morphology metrics studied, the spine density was the only one to show significant correlation with the VBM signal. These data demonstrate that learning-induced structural changes detected by VBM may be partially explained by increases in dendritic spine density.
Time Reversal Acoustic approach for non-lethal swimmer deterrent (2010)

One of the most challenging aspects of port security is to provide protection against surface and underwater threats. In particular, a significant terrorist threat might be posed to the domestic harbors in the form of an explosive device delivered underwater by a scuba diver. Along with improving swimmer detection technology, the question arises of how to respond to underwater swimmer threats once they are detected. One of the possible approaches is an application of high intensity acoustic waves utilized as non-lethal weapons. This paper discusses the possible application of Time Reversal Acoustic (TRA) focusing to enable the acoustic localization and precision sound targeting of a hostile diver with minimum impact to the marine environments. The acoustic noise radiated by a diver is used to focus the acoustic energy back to the diver. The diver acts as an active self disclosing acoustic beacon. The advantages and main parameters of the TRA focusing system are demonstrated using the model of shallow sea, where propagation of high frequency acoustic waves is affected by numerous reflections from surface and bottom. The developed model was used to estimate an effective zone of the diver deterrence. Special attention was paid to estimation of acoustic field outside the focal region to be sure the TRA system does not produce acoustic intensities that are harmful to marine life.
Analysis of medical costs for patients with advanced non - small cell lung cancer (2011)

Objective To investigate the cost of medical treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer in a comprehensive hospital.Methods The medical records of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy in the hospital were reviewed from the HIS from February 2005 to December 2009.The cost,composition and relative factors were analyzed.Results The average length of hospital stay of these patients was 12.7 days,and the cost was 27 034 yuan.The drug bill accounted for 67.8%of the total cost.Age and ways of payment were the primary factors that influenced the length of stay and cost,whereas gender was not the major factor.Conclusions The therapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer consumes a lot of medical resources,and the civil medical insurance system is the important method to ensure rational use of medical resources.
ZERODUR TAILORED for cryogenic application (2014)

ZERODUR<sup>® </sup>glass ceramic from SCHOTT is known for its very low thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) at room temperature and its excellent CTE homogeneity. It is widely used for ground-based astronomical mirrors but also for satellite applications. Many reference application demonstrate the excellent and long lasting performance of ZERODUR<sup>®</sup> components in orbit. For space application a low CTE of the mirror material is required at cryogenic temperatures together with a good match of the thermal expansion to the supporting structure material. It is possible to optimize the coefficient of thermal expansion of ZERODUR<sup>®</sup> for cryogenic applications. This paper reports on measurements of thermal expansion of ZERODUR<sup>®</sup> down to cryogenic temperatures of 10 K performed by the PTB (Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstallt, Braunschweig, Germany, the national metrology laboratory). The ZERODUR<sup>®</sup> TAILORED CRYO presented in this paper has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion down to 70 K. The maximum absolute integrated thermal expansion down to 10 K is only about 20 ppm. Mirror blanks made from ZERODUR<sup>® </sup>TAILORED CRYO can be light weighted to almost 90% with our modern processing technologies. With ZERODUR<sup>®</sup> TAILORED CRYO, SCHOTT offers the mirror blank material for the next generation of space telescope applications.
A General Framework of Resource Allocation Optimization and Dynamic Scheduling (2017)

Resource allocation and scheduling under scarce resources and limited time are always critical and challenging tasks, not only because of the complex situation with diverse needs involved, but also of any unpredictable occurrence during the whole dynamic process. This work proposes an agent-based framework to integrate the resource allocation and scheduling under a set of limitations, which could respond to contingent changes as a dynamic system. We focus on the following research questions and formulate them as a constraint satisfaction problem: how many resources should be assigned and dispatched to which location, in which sequence and under what process scheduling with time, resource availability, and ability-matching limits. We first give the corresponding formal definition, and then combine real-coded genetic algorithm and dynamic scheduling of multi-functional resource assignment to tackle the above proposed research questions. In addition, we experiment the model with a small make-up case to suggest some preliminary scenarios. In future, this framework would be further applied to real life emergency situations with empirical data for training purposes and providing insight for relevant policy makers.
Shared Kernel Information Embedding for discriminative inference (2009)

Latent variable models (LVM), like the shared-GPLVM and the spectral latent variable model, help mitigate over-fitting when learning discriminative methods from small or moderately sized training sets. Nevertheless, existing methods suffer from several problems: (1) complexity; (2) the lack of explicit mappings to and from the latent space; (3) an inability to cope with multi-modality; and (4) the lack of a well-defined density over the latent space. We propose a LVM called the shared kernel information embedding (sKIE). It defines a coherent density over a latent space and multiple input/output spaces (e.g., image features and poses), and it is easy to condition on a latent state, or on combinations of the input/output states. Learning is quadratic, and it works well on small datasets. With datasets too large to learn a coherent global model, one can use sKIE to learn local online models. sKIE permits missing data during inference, and partially labelled data during learning. We use sKIE for human pose inference.