gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological change in tip based nano-patterned planar InAs (2009)

The unique properties of quantum dots should allow enhanced or novel devices to be fabricated. However, the typical method of formation is to self-assemble quantum dots. This process causes quantum dots to have a distribution in properties such as size and to form at near random location. Since many of these possible devices require near exact positioning of the quantum dots with given sizes, most of these potential devices have been unrealized or exist in far from optimum conditions. In this work, we present a new method which is being examined for its potential to form uniform quantum dot structures. This technique is surface tension driven restructuring of a nano-patterned surface. In particular, we have formed a planar 5nm thick InAs film under metal rich conditions. The sample pattern was formed using a 3mg load measured with a Hysitron nano-indentor and maintained using STM scan electronics. The pattern consisted of a grid of 150 lines in x and y directions in nominal 9μm x 9μm square area. AFM analysis showed a series of lines which are spaced ~180 nm lines apart in the y direction and lines spaced ~60 nm and 120 nm in the x-direction. The patterned sample was annealed under a high As flux, near 5 x 10<sup>-6</sup> torr, after removal of the surface oxides. The resulting structure clearly shows the reorganization of the InAs in regions defined by the original patterning in AFM images. AFM analysis indicates large features with 80nm base width were formed.
Theoretical insight on quantum and dielectric confinement in metal-halide perovskites (2019)

International audience
Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into functional osteoblasts by defined factors (2015)

Osteoblasts produce calcified bone matrix and contribute to bone formation and remodeling. In this study, we established a procedure to directly convert human fibroblasts into osteoblasts by transducing some defined factors and culturing in osteogenic medium. Osteoblast-specific transcription factors, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and Osterix, in combination with Octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (Oct4) and L-Myc (RXOL) transduction, converted ∼ 80% of the fibroblasts into osteocalcin-producing cells. The directly converted osteoblasts (dOBs) induced by RXOL displayed a similar gene expression profile as normal human osteoblasts and contributed to bone repair after transplantation into immunodeficient mice at artificial bone defect lesions. The dOBs expressed endogenous Runx2 and Osterix, and did not require continuous expression of the exogenous genes to maintain their phenotype. Another combination, Oct4 plus L-Myc (OL), also induced fibroblasts to produce bone matrix, but the OL-transduced cells did not express Osterix and exhibited a more distant gene expression profile to osteoblasts compared with RXOL-transduced cells. These findings strongly suggest successful direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into functional osteoblasts by RXOL, a technology that may provide bone regeneration therapy against bone disorders.
Selective, centrally acting serotonin 5-HT2 antagonists. 2. Substituted 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indoles (1992)

A series of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indoles substituted in the 1-position with 4-piperidinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl, and 4-piperazinyl was synthesized. By variation of the substituents in the benzene part of the indole nucleus in 1-[2-[4-[3-4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-piperidinyl]-ethyl]-2- imidazolidinones, the highest 5-HT2 receptor affinity and selectivity with respect to dopamine D2 receptors and alpha 1 adrenoceptors were obtained by 5-methyl substitution. Different substituents were introduced in the 1-position of the piperidine ring in the 5-methyl-substituted derivative. Thus replacement of the 2-(2-imidazolidinon-1-yl)ethyl side chain with a 2-(1,3-dimethyl-1-ureido)ethyl or methyl substituent resulted in unchanged affinity and selectivity for 5-HT2 receptors. Replacement with a 2-[3-(2-propyl)-2-imidazolidinon-1-yl]ethyl side chain reduced binding to alpha 1 adrenoceptors with a factor of four, while affinities for 5-HT2 and D2 receptors were retained, compared to the 3-unsubstituted imidazolidinone. Indoles substituted in the 1-position with 4-piperazinyl had generally weaker affinity for both 5-HT2 and D2 receptors compared to corresponding 4-piperidinyl- and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl-substituted indoles. Introduction of a methyl group in the 2-position of the 5-methyl-substituted indole resulted in further increase of selectivity for the 5-HT2 receptor. Compounds with potent receptor binding also potently inhibited the quipazine-induced head twitch syndrome in rats. The compounds were equally active after oral and subcutaneous administration and showed a long duration of action (> 24 h). In general, the derivatives were found to be considerably more potent at 24 h than at 2 h after the administration. The compounds within this series were prepared as analogues of the previously described 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-piperidyl)-1H-indoles by interchange of the C-3 carbon atom and the nitrogen atom in the indole nucleus. The pharmacological results indicate that this isosteric replacement results in higher selectivity for 5-HT2 receptors compared to the former series. The 1-[2-[4-[2,5-dimethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-1-yl]-1- piperidinyl]ethyl]-2-imidazolidinone has high affinity for 5-HT2 receptors (IC50 = 3.4 nM) and extremely low affinity for both dopamine D2 receptors (IC50 = 6900 nM) and alpha 1 adrenoceptors (IC50 = 2300 nM).
Role of gas dynamics in negative ion formation in an atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization source (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of gas dynamics in negative ion formation in an atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization sourceDavid M. Chambers, Scott A. McLuckey, and Gary L. GlishCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 6, 778–783Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00054a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00054a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultra-high speed OCT allows measurement of intraocular pressure, corneal geometry, and corneal stiffness using a single instrument (2018)

Screening for ocular diseases, such as glaucoma and keratoconus, includes measuring the eye-globe intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal biomechanical properties. However, currently available clinical tools cannot quantify corneal tissue material parameters, which can provide critical information for detecting diseases and evaluating therapeutic outcomes. Here, we demonstrate measurement of eye-globe IOP, corneal elasticity, and corneal geometry of in situ porcine corneas with a technique termed applanation optical coherence elastography (Appl-OCE) with single instrument. We utilize an ultrafast phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system comprised of a 4X buffered Fourier domain mode-locked swept source laser with an Ascan rate of ~1.5 MHz and a 7.3 kHz resonant scanner. The IOP was measured by imaging the response of in situ porcine corneas to a large force air-puff. As with other noncontact tonometers, the time when the cornea was applanated during the inwards and outwards motion was correlated to a measure air-pressure temporal profile. The IOP was also measured with a commercially available rebound tonometer for comparison. The stiffness of the corneas was assessed by directly imaging and analyzing the propagation of a focused micro air-pulse induced elastic wave, and the corneal geometry was obtained from the OCT structural image. Our results show that corneal thickness decreased as IOP increased, and that corneal stiffness increased with IOP. Moreover, the IOP measurements made by Appl-OCE were more closely correlated with the artificially set IOP than the rebound tonometer, demonstrating the capabilities of Appl-OCE to measure corneal stiffness, eye-globe IOP, and corneal geometry with a single instrument.
Potential of host serum protein biosignatures in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children (2019)

Abstract Background Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis and results in high morbidity and mortality in children. Diagnostic delay contributes to the poor outcome. There is an urgent need for new tools for the rapid diagnosis of TBM, especially in children. Methods We collected serum samples from children in whom TBM was suspected at a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Children were subsequently classified as having TBM or no TBM using a published uniform research case-definition. Using a multiplex cytokine array platform, we investigated the concentrations of serum biomarkers comprising 7-markers that were previously found to be of value in the diagnosis of adult pulmonary TB (CRP, SAA, CFH, IFN-γ, IP-10, Apo-AI and transthyretin) plus other potentially useful host biomarkers as diagnostic candidates for TBM. Findings Of 47 children included in the study, 23 (48.9%) had a final diagnosis of TBM of which six had HIV co-infection. A modified version of the adult 7-marker biosignature in which transthyretin was replaced by NCAM1, diagnosed TBM in children with AUC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.67-0.92), sensitivity of 73.9% (95% CI, 51.6-89.8%) and specificity of 66.7% (95% CI, 44.7-84.4%). A new childhood TBM specific 3-marker biosignature (adipsin, Aβ42 and IL-10) showed potential in the diagnosis of TBM, with AUC of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73-0.96), sensitivity of 82.6% (95 CI, 61.2-95.0%) and specificity of 75.0% (95% CI, 53.3-90.2%) after leave-one-out cross validation. Conclusion An adult 7-marker serum protein biosignature showed potential in the diagnosis of TBM in children. However, a smaller childhood TBM-specific biosignature demonstrated improved performance characteristics. Our data indicates that blood-based biomarkers may be useful in the diagnosis of childhood TBM and require further investigation.
Anti‐Cancer Therapies of 21st Century: Novel Approach to Treat Human Cancers Using Cold Atmospheric Plasma (2014)

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has just recently been showing promising anti‐cancer activities supported by ability to induce cell death via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest leading to tumor cell destruction in vitro, and in vivo. Several studies showed the ability of CAP‐activated media to modulate the tumor cell environment a link between the generation of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and cancer cell death following CAP treatment. Targeting cancer cells through ROS‐mediated mechanisms has become an attractive strategy for effective and selective cancer treatment by exploiting the aberrant redox characteristics of cancer cells. These effects support the potential direct (CAP) and indirect (CAP‐activated media) applications for adjuvant anti‐cancer therapeutics, in a combination with the chemo‐, radio‐, and nano‐therapies.
Quaternary Onium Salts as Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors (2001)

Because of recent discovery that the effect of onium cation symmetricity on its properties could be manipulated to benefit the application of an electrochemical double-layer capacitor, a series of new unsymmetrical onium salts was synthesized and evaluated as electrolyte solutes in nonaqueous solvents. A relationship was established between the cation/anion structure and melting point as well as solubility of these salts. In order to obtain a detailed view about the effect of onium cation structure on its stability in capacitor application, we investigated the electrochemical stability window of the nonaqueous electrolytes based on these salts, using both a conventional stability window determination and a new approach especially defined for capacitor-like applications. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Reduction in Severity of a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Murine Infection by Treatment with a Ribozyme Targeting the U <sub>L</sub> 20 Gene RNA (2008)

Hammerhead ribozymes were designed to target mRNA of several essential herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genes. A ribozyme specific for the late gene U(L)20 was packaged in an adenovirus vector (Ad-U(L)20 Rz) and evaluated for its capacity to inhibit the viral replication of several HSV-1 strains, including that of the wild-type HSV-1 (17syn+ and KOS) and several acycloguanosine-resistant strains (PAAr5, tkLTRZ1, and ACGr4) in tissue culture. The Ad-U(L)20 Rz was also tested for its ability to block an HSV-1 infection, using the mouse footpad model. Mouse footpads were treated with either the Ad-U(L)20 Rz or an adenoviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein (Ad-GFP) and then infected immediately thereafter with 10(4) PFU of HSV-1 strain 17syn+. Ad-U(L)20 ribozyme treatment consistently led to a 90% rate of protection for mice from lethal HSV-1 infection, while the survival rate in the control groups was less than 45%. Consistent with this protective effect, treatment with the Ad-U(L)20 Rz reduced the viral DNA load in the feet, the dorsal root ganglia, and the spinal cord relative to that of the Ad-GFP-treated animals. This study suggests that ribozymes targeting essential genes of the late kinetic class may represent a new therapeutic strategy for inhibiting HSV infection.
Motion compensated reconstruction of the aortic valve for computed tomography (2018)

Motion compensated cardiac reconstruction in computed tomography (CT) has traditionally been focused on coronary arteries. However, with the increasing number of cardiac CT scans being performed for the diagnosis and treatment planning of valvular diseases, there is a clear need for motion correction of the aortic valve region to assist with the reproducibility of aortic annulus measurements. A second pass approach for aortic valve motion compensation on retrospective ECG-gated CT scans is introduced here. The processing chain is comprised of four steps. A gated multi-phase cardiac reconstruction is first performed, followed by a gradient based filter to enhance the edges in the resulting time series of volume images. Subsequently these normalized filtered results are made to undergo an elastic registration and finally followed by a motion compensated reconstruction that includes the estimated motion vector fields. The method was applied to twelve clinical cases and tested for systolic (30% R-R interval) and diastolic (70% R-R interval) imaging of the aortic valve. This second pass approach leads to a significant reduction of motion artifacts especially in late systole.
Optimization of large-scale fiber sensor arrays incorporating multiple optical amplifiers. I. Signal-to-noise ratio (1998)

We report on optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of large-scale fiber sensor arrays employing erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) telemetry with respect to the number of sensors per rung, the number of amplifiers per array, and the coupling ratio between the fiber buses and the rungs. Broad optimum regions are found, providing design flexibility to minimize pump power requirements. Simulations predict that 300 sensors can be multiplexed on a fiber pair while maintaining a high sensitivity (1 /spl mu/rad//spl radic/(Hz)) for all sensors with a moderate input pump power (<1 W).
Machine Learning Based Tool Chain Solution for Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) Propagation Modeling (2021)

To achieve a highly accurate free space optical communication (FSOC) propagation modeling and analysis for various complex environments, a novel machine learning (ML) based prediction model is proposed in this paper. FSOC attenuation caused by different physical factors such as atmospheric loss, geometric loss, weather conditions, turbulence effects. are first identified and analyzed. Then, a large number of corresponding training data are acquired using MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) software. An effective and efficient deep neural network (DNN) is designed to implement the proposed model. The prediction error of the developed machine learning model was as low as 0.02% between the MODTRAN output and predicted machine learning output of transmittance. Finally, a tool chain based FSOC coverage prediction platform was developed by implementing the proposed model in the central processor. Our system is dynamically tailored to an operating status (numbers of factors, condition events, and configurations), which captures a minimum set of information in order to accurately and realtime validate the analysis of weather, terrain, and other conditions to achieve best propagation and coverage prediction for FSOC.
Inactivation of the thymidine kinase gene of a gI deletion mutant of pseudorabies virus generates a safe but still highly immunogenic vaccine strain (1990)

In an earlier report, we described the construction of the genetically engineered pseudorabies virus strain 2.4N3A which does not express glycoprotein gI. Although this strain showed a strongly reduced virulence in 10-week-old seronegative pigs, it could still cause severe disease or death in 3-day-old piglets. To attenuate the strain further, we constructed mutants with a deletion in the viral thymidine kinase gene. One mutant strain, designated 783, has a deletion of 19 base pairs and was shown to be highly immunogenic and safe for vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies virus.
High Thermoelectric Performance in Non‐Toxic Earth‐Abundant Copper Sulfide (2014)

A new type of high performance thermoelectric material Cu2-xS composed of non-toxic and earth-abundant elements Cu and S is reported. Cu2-xS surprisingly has lower thermal conductivity and more strikingly reduced specific heat compared to the heavier Cu2Se, leading to an increased zT to 1.7. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nucleus segmentation in histology images with hierarchical multilevel thresholding (2016)

Automatic segmentation of histological images is an important step for increasing throughput while maintaining high accuracy, avoiding variation from subjective bias, and reducing the costs for diagnosing human illnesses such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, we present a novel method for unsupervised segmentation of cell nuclei in stained histology tissue. Following an initial preprocessing step involving color deconvolution and image reconstruction, the segmentation step consists of multilevel thresholding and a series of morphological operations. The only parameter required for the method is the minimum region size, which is set according to the resolution of the image. Hence, the proposed method requires no training sets or parameter learning. Because the algorithm requires no assumptions or a priori information with regard to cell morphology, the automatic approach is generalizable across a wide range of tissues. Evaluation across a dataset consisting of diverse tissues, including breast, liver, gastric mucosa and bone marrow, shows superior performance over four other recent methods on the same dataset in terms of F-measure with precision and recall of 0.929 and 0.886, respectively.
Automatic recovery of invisible image watermarks from geometrically distorted images (2000)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Properties of alkaline-earth-filled skutterudite antimonides:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Fe</mml:mtext><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mtext>Ni</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Sb</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mtext>Ca</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>, Sr, and Ba) (2010)

Properties of alkaline-earth-filled skutterudite antimonides based on Fe and Ni are studied using first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. We find heavy conduction bands and a light-band-heavy-band mixture in the valence bands. The thermopower at high temperature is high for high carrier concentrations up to 0.2 per unit cell for both $p$ type and $n$ type. The results suggest experimental investigation of these materials as potential thermoelectrics.
PspA family typing and PCR-based DNA fingerprinting with BOX A1R primer of pneumococci from the blood of patients in the USA with and without sickle cell disease (2004)

Disease and mortality rates for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are much higher in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) than in age-matched patients without SCD. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been proposed as a component in human vaccines against S. pneumoniae to provide greater breadth of coverage than can be obtained with the 7-valent conjugate vaccine. The cross-reactivity of PspA is associated with the 'PspA family' structure. In this study we examined strains of S. pneumoniae from patients with and without SCD to determine whether the strains infecting the hypersusceptible population of SCD patients were limited to the same two PspA families already known to comprise over 95% of strains infecting non-SCD patients. Each strain was also evaluated according to the presence or absence of specific PCR fragments based on repetitive BOX elements to screen for possible SCD-associated clonal structure. Strains from SCD and non-SCD patients were similarly dispersed among the most common BOX PCR groups and strains from both groups expressed a similar distribution of PspA variants. Thus, a PspA vaccine designed for the population at large should also be appropriate for patients with SCD.