gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid perovskite formation by CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> gas-induced intercalation and reaction of PbI<sub>2</sub> (2015)

We demonstrate the formation of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite by exposing PbI<sub>2</sub> to CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>. Simultaneous or subsequent HI treatments lead to enhanced cell efficiencies.
Metabolic Responses of Lactating Dairy Cows to Single and Multiple Subcutaneous Injections of Glucagon (2003)

Continuous, intravenous infusions of glucagon improve carbohydrate status in lactating dairy cows without increasing concentrations of plasma NEFA. The objective was to test whether single subcutaneous injections and multiple subcutaneous injections of glucagon delivered at 8-h intervals over 14 d improve the carbohydrate status in lactating dairy cows without increasing concentrations of plasma BHBA and NEFA. In a single-injection experiment, four midlactation cows each were injected with 2.5 and 5 mg of glucagon 1 wk apart. In a multiple-injection experiment, nine cows, assigned randomly to three treatments, were injected subcutaneously with 0, 2.5, or 5 mg of glucagon every 8 h for 14 d, beginning at d 8 postpartum. Single subcutaneous injections of glucagon increased concentrations of plasma glucagon and single and multiple subcutaneous injections of glucagon increased concentrations of plasma glucose, with larger increases at the 5-mg dosage. Injections of 5 mg of glucagon increased concentrations of plasma insulin in both experiments, whereas the 2.5-mg dosage increased plasma insulin only in the multiple-injection experiment. The response of glucose and insulin to injections of 5 mg of glucagon persisted throughout the 14-d injection period. Concentrations of plasma NEFA decreased in the single-injection experiment, and concentrations of BHBA decreased after 5 mg of glucagon was injected in the multiple-injection experiment. These results document that both single and multiple injections of 5 mg of glucagon over 14 d consistently improve the carbohydrate status of dairy cows and decrease concentrations of plasma NEFA and BHBA.
Integrating INS Sensors With GPS Measurements for Continuous Estimation of Vehicle Sideslip, Roll, and Tire Cornering Stiffness (2006)

This paper details a unique method for estimating key vehicle states-body sideslip angle, tire sideslip angle, and vehicle attitude-using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in conjunction with other sensors. A method is presented for integrating Inertial Navigation System sensors with GPS measurements to provide higher update rate estimates of the vehicle states. The influence of road side-slope and vehicle roll on estimating vehicle sideslip is investigated. A method using one GPS antenna that estimates accelerometer errors occurring from vehicle roll and sensor drift is first developed. A second method is then presented utilizing a two-antenna GPS system to provide direct measurements of vehicle roll and heading, resulting in improved sideslip estimation. Additionally, it is shown that the tire sideslip estimates can be used to estimate the tire cornering stiffnesses. The experimental results for the GPS-based sideslip angle measurement and cornering stiffness estimates compare favorably to theoretical predictions, suggesting that this technique has merit for future implementation in vehicle safety systems
Integration of papillomavirus DNA near myc genes in genital carcinomas and its consequences for proto-oncogene expression (1991)

DNA sequences of specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types are found integrated in the cell genome in most invasive genital carcinomas. We have determined the chromosomal localization of integrated HPV type 16 (HPV-16) or HPV-18 genomes in genital cancers by in situ hybridization experiments. In three cancers, HPV sequences were localized in chromosome band 8q24.1, in which the c-myc gene is mapped, and in one cancer HPV sequences were localized in chromosome band 2p24, which contains the N-myc gene. In three of the four cases, the proto-oncogene located near integrated viral sequences was found to be structurally altered and/or overexpressed. These data indicate that HPV genomes are preferentially integrated near myc genes in invasive genital cancers and support the hypothesis that integration plays a part in tumor progression via an activation of cellular oncogenes.
Two-photon-absorption-based optical power monitor in silicon rib waveguides (2010)

Utilizing two-photon-absorption effect, we demonstrate an in-situ scheme for monitoring optical power using p-i-n diode in silicon rib-waveguides for integrated photonics circuits. We show that a responsivity of 5.9μA/mW <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> can be reached with 15V reverse-bias for the square-law detector. An example of using such detectors for accurate waveguide propagation loss measurements is given.
Structure−Activity Relationship Study on<i>N</i>-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-4-aryl-1-piperazinehexanamides, a Class of 5-HT<sub>7</sub>Receptor Agents. 2 (2007)

Here we report the synthesis of N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-4-aryl-1-piperazinealkylamides 16-29 that were designed to elucidate both structure-affinity and -activity relationships for the 5-HT7 receptor, by targeting the substituent in 2-position of the aryl linked to the piperazine ring. The affinities of 16-29 for 5-HT7, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and D2 receptors were assessed by radioligand binding assays. The intrinsic activities at the 5-HT7 receptor of the most potent compounds were determined. A series of substituents covering a wide range of electronic, steric, and polar properties was evaluated, revealing a key role on 5-HT7 receptor affinity and intrinsic activity. Certain lipophilic substituents (SCH3, CH(CH3)2, N(CH3)2, CH3, Ph) led to high-affinity agonists, whereas OH and NHCH3 substituents switched intrinsic activity toward antagonism. 4-[2-(1-Methylethyl)phenyl]-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (19), 4-(2-diphenyl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (21), and 4-(2-dimethylaminophenyl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (22) were identified as potent 5-HT7 receptor agonists (Ki = 0.13-1.1 nM, EC50 = 0.90-1.77 microM), showing selectivity over 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and D2 receptors.
Nominine: a new insecticidal indole diterpene from the sclerotia of Aspergillus nomius (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNominine: a new insecticidal indole diterpene from the sclerotia of Aspergillus nomiusJames B. Gloer, Brad L. Rinderknecht, Donald T. Wicklow, and Patrick F. DowdCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 11, 2530–2532Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00272a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00272a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views870Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human epidermal cell cultures: growth and differentiation in the absence of differentiation in the absence of dermal components or medium supplements. (1979)

Human epidermal cells grew and differentiated in vitro, provided that the pH of the culture medium was at 5.6-5.8, the seeding density was optimal (approximately 2.5 x 10(5) cells per cm2), and the incubation temperature was maintained at 35-37 degrees C. Under these conditions, epidermal cells from many different skin locations grew to confluency within 15-20 days and formed multi-layered sheets whose differentiated structure resembled that of the full depth of skin epidermis. Cell proliferation and differentiation did not require a feeder layer, a collagen substrate, a high concentration of fetal bovine serum, or added hormones. The sheets of differentiated epidermal cells could be dissociated from the plastic surfaces of the tissue culture flasks. The use of such cultured cells for wound dressing is proposed.
Co-crystallization of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>peptide deformylase (PDF) with potent inhibitors (2002)

In bacteria the biosynthesis of all nascent polypeptides begins with N-formylmethionine. The post-translational removal of the N-formyl group is carried out by peptide deformylase (PDF). Processing of the N-formyl group from critical bacterial proteins is required for cell survival. This formylation/deformylation cycle is unique to eubacteria and is not utilized in eucaryotic cytosolic protein biosynthesis. Thus, inhibition of PDF would halt bacterial growth, spare host cell-function, and would be a novel mechanism for a new class of antibiotic. Diffraction-quality Se-met crystals of S. aureus PDF were prepared that belong to space group C222(1) with unit cell parameters of a = 94.1 b = 121.9 c = 47.6 A. Multiple anomalous dispersion data were collected at the Advanced Photon Source 17-ID beamline and used to solve the PDF structure to 1.9 A resolution. Crystals were also prepared with three PDF inhibitors: thiorphan, actinonin and PNU-172550. The thiorphan and actinonin co-crystals belong to space group C222(1) with similar unit-cell dimensions. Repeated attempts to generate a complex structure of PDF with PNU-172550 from the orthorhombic space group were unsuccessful. Crystallization screening identified an alternate C2 crystal form with unit-cell dimensions of a = 93.4 b = 42.5 c = 104.1 A, beta = 93 degrees.
Novel Highly Degradable Chloride Containing Bioactive Glasses (2015)

Abstract Addition of CaF2 to a silicate bioactive glass favours formation of fluorapatite, which is less soluble in acidic environment than hydroxyapatite. However, excess CaF2 in the glass is problematic, owing to the formation of crystalline calcium fluoride rather than fluorapatite on immersion. In this paper we investigate chloride as an alternative to fluoride in bioactive silicate glasses and in particular their bioactivity for the first time. Meltderived bioactive glasses based on SiO2-P2O5-CaO-CaCl2 with varying CaCl2 contents were synthesised and characterised by DSC. Chemical analysis of the chloride content was performed by using an ion selective electrode. Glass density was determined using Helium Pycnometry. The glass bioactivity was investigated in Tris buffer. Ion release measurements were carried out by using ICP-OES. The chemical analysis results indicated that the majority of the chloride is retained in the Q2 type silicate glasses during synthesis. Tg and glass density reduced with increasing CaCl2 content. Apatite-like phase formation was confirmed by FITR, XRD and 31P MAS-NMR. The results of the in vitro studies demonstrated that the chloride containing bioactive glasses are highly degradable and form apatite-like phase within three hours in Tris buffer and, therefore, are certainly suitable for use in remineralising toothpastes. The dissolution rate of the glass was found to increase with CaCl2 content. Faster dissolving bioactive glasses may be attractive for more resorbable bone grafts and scaffolds.
Indexing of handwritten document images (2002)

An important problem in the management of scanned handwritten document image collections, is their indexing or retrieval based on word queries. This paper presents a method for fast localization of query words in handwritten images by an adaptation of the principle of geometric hashing. Specifically, a method of location hashing is presented that uses consecutive features along curves to produce small-sized image hash tables that also enable fast indexing. Handwriting variations are handled by assembling groups of word segments separated by inter-letter spacing, which is automatically estimated from sample pages written by an author. Results are presented that indicate the reduction in search as well as precision and recall possible with location hashing of handwritten words.
Prosocial or Selfish? Agents with different behaviors for Contract\n Negotiation using Reinforcement Learning (2018)

We present an effective technique for training deep learning agents capable\nof negotiating on a set of clauses in a contract agreement using a simple\ncommunication protocol. We use Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning to train both\nagents simultaneously as they negotiate with each other in the training\nenvironment. We also model selfish and prosocial behavior to varying degrees in\nthese agents. Empirical evidence is provided showing consistency in agent\nbehaviors. We further train a meta agent with a mixture of behaviors by\nlearning an ensemble of different models using reinforcement learning. Finally,\nto ascertain the deployability of the negotiating agents, we conducted\nexperiments pitting the trained agents against human players. Results\ndemonstrate that the agents are able to hold their own against human players,\noften emerging as winners in the negotiation. Our experiments demonstrate that\nthe meta agent is able to reasonably emulate human behavior.\n
Enzymatic Synthesis of Lignin‐Based Concrete Dispersing Agents (2018)

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer, functioning as an integral component of woody materials. In its unmodified form it shows limited water solubility and is relatively unreactive, so biotechnological lignin valorisation for high-performance applications is greatly underexploited. Lignin can be obtained from the pulp and paper industry as a by-product. To expand its application, a new synthesis route to new dispersing agents for use as concrete additives was developed. The route is based on lignin functionalisation by enzymatic transformation. Screening of lignin-modifying systems resulted in functionalised lignin polymers with improved solubility in aqueous systems. Through grafting of sulfanilic acid or p-aminobenzoic acid by fungal laccases, lignin became soluble in water at pH≤4 or pH≤7, respectively. Products were analysed and evaluated in miniaturised application tests in cement paste and mortar. Their dispersing properties match the performance criteria of commercially available lignosulfonates. The study provides examples of new perspectives for the use of lignin.
Active imaging using a metamaterial-based compressive reflector antenna (2016)

This paper presents a new high-sensing-capacity system for active imaging. The proposed system consists of a Compressive Reflector Antenna (CRA) coated with Metamaterial Absorbers (MMA). The Compressive Reflector Antenna creates a spatial codification in the imaging domain, while the MMA creates a frequency codification in the spectral domain. To solve the inverse problem, we built the sensing matrix using a high frequency method based on Physical Optics; and an iterative Compressive Sensing algorithm (ADMM) is used to perform the inversion. Numerical simulations consisting on PEC targets in the reconstruction domain are carried out. The performance of the proposed system is compared to that of the Compressive Reflector Antenna without metamatrial absorbers. Preliminary results show that a better imaging performance and higher channel capacity is achieved for the metamaterial-based CRA than the CRA configuration.
An Antigenic Subunit Present in Rotavirus Infected Faeces (1977)

SUMMARY It has been found by immune electron microscopy that rotavirus-infected faeces, calf or human, contain an antigenic subunit associated with the inner of the two virus capsids. This internal component represents the group specific antigen for the rotavirus group and the subunit reacts with both homologous and heterologous antiserum. It can therefore be used in diagnostic tests and in this paper its use as a reagent for immunodiffusion is described.
Adjusting shape parameters using model-based optical flow residuals (2002)

We present a method for estimating the shape of a deformable model using the least-squares residuals from a model-based optical flow computation. This method is built on top of an estimation framework using optical flow and image features, where optical flow affects only the motion parameters of the model. Using the results of this computation, our new method adjusts all of the parameters so that the residuals from the flow computation are minimized. We present face tracking experiments that demonstrate that this method obtains a better estimate of shape compared to related frameworks.
The Best, The Requested, and The Default Non-Binary LDPC Decoding Algorithm (2021)

This paper presents a different vision of the Non-Binary LDPC decoding algorithm. So far, state-of-the-art decoders are mainly focused on the reduction of the check node processing complexity, with a potential side effect on the size of the messages that are exchanged in the iterative decoder. However, it is possible to take a different approach and consider the reduction of the message size as the main objective. The paper presents "the Best, the Requested and the Default" algorithm that shrinks dramatically the communication load between the variable nodes and check nodes.
Dual Spark Plugs For Stratified-Charge Rotary Engine (1996)

Fuel efficiency of stratified-charge, rotary, internal-combustion engine increased by improved design featuring dual spark plugs. Second spark plug ignites fuel on upstream side of main fuel injector; enabling faster burning and more nearly complete utilization of fuel.
Preparation of Piretanide Polymorphs and Their Physicochemical Properties and Dissolution Behaviors. (1994)

Piretanide polymorphs were prepared by recrystallization using 27 organic solvents. We identified a new polymorphism, forms A and B, and 6 solvates. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy. After heating, some solvates transformed to the stable form A, and others to form B. X-ray powder diffraction patterns and FTIR spectra of forms A and B were significantly different. However, the X-ray powder diffraction patterns and FTIR spectra of form A and the bulk sample were similar. The DSC curve of form A showed only an endothermic peak at 227°C corresponding to the melting point. The DSC curve of form B showed endothermic and exothermic peaks at 213 and 216°C, respectively, as well as a subsequent endothermic peak at 227°C. The metastable form B transformed to form A. The dissolution profiles of the bulk sample and form B in JP XII, 1st fluid (pH 1.2) at 37°C were measured by means of the dispersed amount. The solubilities of the bulk sample and form B were estimated to be 8.3 and 13.3mg/100ml, respectively.
Substrate-tube lithography for optical fibres (1982)

We describe the first use of substrate-tube lithography to build complex structures into MCVD fibre preforms. While the basic process is illustrated with high-birefringence fibres of 1.9 and 3 mm beat lengths and a two-core fibre, the technique is more general and may lead to a new class of integrated optical devices.
Semiconductor quantum wells as electron wave slab waveguides (1989)

A quantum well in a semiconductor can act as a slab waveguide for electron waves in a manner analogous to the way a layered dielectric can act as a slab waveguide for electromagnetic waves (e.g., as commonly employed in integrated optics). In this work, the case of a general electron asymmetric slab waveguide (a quantum well comprised of three materials each with a different potential energy and a different effective mass) is analyzed and the conditions for electron waveguiding are quantified. Electron waveguide modes exist for electron energies in the well and for electron energies above one or both of the potential energy barriers. Furthermore, due to dispersion, each electron waveguide mode has an upper-energy cutoff as well as a lower-energy cutoff. This is in contrast to electromagnetic guided modes which typically have only lower-energy (low-frequency) cutoffs. At the upper-energy cutoff the electron wave is refracted into the substrate and/or cover. An example quantum well waveguide consisting of Ga0.80 Al0.20 As (substrate), GaAs (film), Ga0.55 Al0.45 As (cover) is analyzed. This structure is a single-mode electron waveguide for GaAs thicknesses of from 5 (1.413 nm) to 26 monolayers (7.349 nm).
Solid Sorbents for CO2 Capture from Post-Combustion and Pre-Combustion Gas Streams (2007)

A novel liquid impregnated solid sorbent was developed for CO2 removal in the temperature range of ambient to 60 °C for both fixed bed and fluidized bed reactor applications. The sorbent is regenerable at 60-80 °C. Multi-cycle tests conducted in an atmospheric bench scale reactor with simulated flue gas demonstrated that the sorbent retains its CO2 sorption capacity with CO2 removal efficiency of about 99%. A second, novel solid sorbent containing mixture of alkali earth and alkali compounds was developed for CO2 removal at 200-315 °C from high pressure gas streams (i.e., suitable for IGCC systems). The sorbent showed very high capacity for CO2 removal from gas streams containing 28% CO2 at 200 °C and 11.2 atm during lab-scale flow reactor tests as well as regenerability at 375 °C.
Targeted nano-enhanced Optical delivery of opsin for dry-AMD therapy (Conference Presentation) (2018)

The efficient and targeted delivery of genes and other impermeable therapeutic molecules into retinal cells is of immense importance for therapy of various visual disorders. Traditional methods for gene delivery require viral transfection, or use of physical and chemical methods which suffer from one or many drawbacks such as invasiveness, low efficiency, lack of spatially-targeted delivery, and can generally have deleterious effects such as unexpected inflammatory responses and immunological reactions. Further, for effective dry-age related macular degeneration (dry-AMD) therapy involving geographic atrophies of the retina, it requires to localize the delivery of the targeted opsin-encoding genes to specific retinal cells in atrophied-regions. Here, we report near-infrared laser based Nano-enhanced Optical Delivery (NOD) of opsin-encoding genes into retina of mouse models of retina degeneration in-vivo. In this method, the field enhancement by gold nanorods is utilized to transiently perforate retinal cell membrane to deliver exogenous molecules to cells in the targeted area of retina. SDOCT was used to monitor if there is any damage to retina and other ocular structures. The expression and functioning of opsin in targeted retina after in-vivo NOD in the mice models of retinal degeneration opens new vista for re-photosensitizing retinas with geographic atrophies in dry-AMD.