gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple 3-D Feature Fusion Framework for Hyperspectral Image Classification (2018)

Due to the 3-D nature of hyperspectral images, as well as the spatial properties (such as regularity and continuity) of land covers, many 3-D feature extraction operators have been designed to fully exploit the joint spatial-spectral information. However, the large amount of obtained features can suffer from the “curse of dimensionality” problem, especially for the small training sample set. Moreover, various spatial-spectral features can represent the characteristics of the hyperspectral image from different aspects. In this paper, a multiple 3-D feature fusion framework (M3DF <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) has been proposed for hyperspectral image classification. First, we extend the 2-D Gabor surface feature into 3-D (3DSF) domains to comply with the spatial-spectral structure of the hyperspectral image, which is directly applied on the original hyperspectral image instead of the Gabor features. Second, three 3-D feature extraction methods, including the 3-D morphological profile, the 3-D local binary pattern, and the proposed 3DSF, that, respectively, characterize the hyperspectral image from three different angles, i.e., morphology, local dependence, and shape smoothness, are fused under a multitask sparse representation framework to take full advantage of the multiple 3-D features together. The proposed M3DF <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> approach was fully tested on three real-world hyperspectral image data, i.e., the widely used Indian Pines, Pavia University, and Houston University. The results show that our method can achieve as high as 68.22%, 79.44%, and 72.84% accuracies, respectively, even when only few samples, i.e., three samples per class, are used for training.
Learning-Based Animation of Clothing for Virtual Try-On (2019)

This paper presents a learning-based clothing animation method for highly efficient virtual try-on simulation. Given a garment, we preprocess a rich database of physically-based dressed character simulations, for multiple body shapes and animations. Then, using this database, we train a learning-based model of cloth drape and wrinkles, as a function of body shape and dynamics. We propose a model that separates global garment fit, due to body shape, from local garment wrinkles, due to both pose dynamics and body shape. We use a recurrent neural network to regress garment wrinkles, and we achieve highly plausible nonlinear effects, in contrast to the blending artifacts suffered by previous methods. At runtime, dynamic virtual try-on animations are produced in just a few milliseconds for garments with thousands of triangles. We show qualitative and quantitative analysis of results
Crystal growth, frequency doubling, and infrared laser performance of Yb/sup 3+/:BaCaBO/sub 3/F (1996)

Yb:BaCaBO/sub 3/F(Yb:BCBF) has been investigated as a new laser crystal with potential for self-frequency doubling, Yb/sup 3+/ in BCBF exhibits a maximum absorption cross section at 912 nm of 1.1/spl times/10/sup -20/ cm/sup 2/ with a bandwidth (FWHM) of 19 nm. The maximum emission cross section at 1034 nm is 1.3/spl times/10/sup -20/ cm/sup 2/ with a transition bandwidth of 24 nm. The measured emission lifetime of Yb/sup 3+/ is 1.17 ms. An Yb:BCBF laser has been demonstrated with a Ti:sapphire pump source, and a measured slope efficiency of 38% has been obtained for the fundamental laser output. Single crystal powders of BCBF have been compared with KD/sup +/P for a relative measure of the second-harmonic generating potential, yielding d/sub eff/(BCBF)/spl sim/0.26 pm/V. The phasematching angle has been estimated from the refractive index data for type I second-harmonic generation of 0.517 /spl mu/m light; the predicted angle is 37/spl deg/ from the c-axis. The growth, spectroscopy, laser performance, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of Yb:BCBF are reported.
Demonstration of Demultiplexing in High Speed OTDM Systems using a Two Photon Absorption Based Switch (2001)

A demultiplexer based on two-photon absorption in a commercial laser diode has been used to demonstrate essentially error free switching and detection of individual channels from an 80 Gbit/s optical-time-division-multiplexed data stream.
Electronically switchable and tunable coplanar waveguide-slotline band-pass filters (1991)

A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-slotline bandpass filter is described. The circuit allows planar integration of active and passive semiconductor devices both in series and in shunt. A microstrip-to-slotline transition designed to test the filter is also described. Two of the transitions exhibit an insertion loss of less than 1.0 dB over the 2.0-4.0-GHz range. A three-section CPW-slotline bandpass filter demonstrates an insertion loss of less than 0.2 dB over the passband centered at 2.9 GHz. A three-section CPW-slotline switchable bandpass filter integrated with three p-i-n diodes is discussed. It has a 0.7-dB insertion loss in the passband when the p-i-n diodes are off and a 25.0-dB isolation across the entire band when the p-i-n diodes are on. A three-section CPW-slotline varactor-tunable filter integrated with three varactor diodes is presented, showing a 2.0-dB insertion loss and over 20% electronic tuning range. Simple transmission line circuit models are used to optimize the design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a Compact and Robust Mid-Infrared Spectrometer by Using a Silicon/Air Hyperspectral Filter (2021)

The molecular absorption spectrum in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region is typically measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Such spectrometers require complex and delicately aligned interferometers, which increases their size and cost. Here, we present an alternative compact mid-IR spectrometer, which uses a variable mid-IR filter with a gradual change of cavity length between two silicon/air dielectric mirrors. When combined with a modern uncooled thermal imaging camera, hyperspectral filtering can provide a powerful solution for the miniaturization of mid-IR spectrometers. By using the hyperspectral filter, light from a broadband light source can be dispersed and assigned to individual pixels of a microbolometer array of the thermal imaging camera. This technology offers an inexpensive and compact mid-IR spectrometer design with no moving parts and rapid acquisition time.
Nanoscale palladium as a new benchmark electrocatalyst for water oxidation at low overpotential (2019)

An effcient electrocatalytic Pd system, prepared<italic>via</italic>the AACVD method, is presented executing high activity water oxidation at 1.43 V<italic>vs</italic>RHE;<italic>η</italic>= 200 mV while exceeding the benchmark performance of IrO<sub>2</sub>.
Safe Human-Robot Collaboration via Collision Checking and Explicit Representation of Danger Zones (2022)

This paper deals with safe human-robot collaboration in the context of speed and separation monitoring paradigm. The core of the approach is to continuously track the separation distance between the robot and the human. The robot speed is then adjusted according to the perceived distance so that it will be able to stop before eventually come into contact with the human. We present an approach that aims at maximizing the productivity of the robot, i.e., its speed, while keeping the prescribed safety requirements satisfied. The method is based on explicit representation of danger zones – regions around the robot, where safety requirements are violated. The motion is then generated such that the robot moves as fast as possible, while its danger zone still does not collide with human operators. The approach is validated within an experimental study. Note to Practitioners—This article was motivated by the problem of maximizing productivity of the robotic manipulator while ensuring the safety of human collaborator. The increase in productivity is achieved by a faster traversal of predefined paths without compromising the safety of the human, which is specifically defined by industrial standard. The approach requires limited knowledge on robot’s dynamical properties. More precisely, we only need the braking time as a “lumped” representation of robot’s inertia. The underlying optimization problem is conveniently resolved by introducing danger zones that allow for intuitive visualization and geometrical representation of the regions around the robot that must be avoided. On the other hand, the method assumes the representation of humans via typical geometric primitives, which can be obtained using of-the-shelf depth perception systems. The solution to the problem reduces to a repeated collision checking between danger zones and the human. Such an approach turns out to be suitable for real-time implementation due to availability of fast and efficient collision checking algorithms/libraries.
Thermally stable sulfonic acid resins (1986)

Abstract Polystyrene‐divinylbenzene resins 2 and 3 containing carboxysulfoalkyl groups were prepared by Michael addition of phenyl ethylenesulfonate to the reaction products of the chloromethylated resins with cyanide and diethyl malonate, respectively. They display an unusually high thermal stability in water: less than 5–10% loss of SO 3 H after 100 hat 200°C. Their catalytic activities (hydrolysis of sucrose), expressed per equivalent of SO 3 H, are twice as high as those of corresponding ring‐sulfonated resins.
Optical Occupant Position Sensor for Airbag System (1999)

An occupant position sensor is the key device for the smart airbag system to increase the reliability of conventional airbag systems. In the smart airbag system, the degree of airbag explosion is controlled by the data from the occupant position sensor. High accurate occupant position sensing is needed, which might be difficult by supersonic technologies.This paper reports a novel optical occupant position sensing device suitable for the smart airbag system, which measures the distances from the sensor to 2 dimensional multiple points on the occupant. The method to measure the distances is optical triangulation using photo-diode array pairs and a data processing IC.In this paper. the occupant position recognition is demonstrated using the data obtained by 2 dimensional distance measurement of the occupant position sensing device, in the accuracy of 3cm at the distances of 75cm within the optical view angle of 35 and 53 degrees in horizontal and vertical respectively. Total distance measurement points of this device are 4×44. This paper also describes the recognition possibility of 4 basic occupant position using these distance data, which is needed for airbag explosion control in smart airbag system.
Form perception with a 49-point electrotactile stimulus array on the tongue: a technical note. (1998)

Form perception with the tongue was studied with a 49-point electrotactile array. Five sighted adult human subjects (3M/2F) each received 4 blocks of 12 tactile patterns, approximations of circles, squares, and vertex-up equilateral triangles, sized to 4x4, 5x5, 6x6, and 7x7 electrode arrays. Perception with electrical stimulation of the tongue is better than with fingertip electrotactile stimulation, and the tongue requires 3% (5-15 V) of the voltage. The mean current for tongue subjects was 1.612 mA. Tongue shape recognition performance across all sizes was 79.8%. The approximate dimensions of the electrotactile array and the dimensions of compartments built into dental retainers have been determined. The goal is to develop a practical, cosmetically acceptable, wireless system for blind persons, with a miniature TV camera, microelectronics, and FM transmitter built into a pair of glasses, and the electrotactile array in a dental orthodontic retainer.
Tissue Specific Expression of Different Human ReceptorTypes for Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptideand Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide: Implications fortheir Role in Human Physiology (1996)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are two structurally related peptides with pleiotropic physiological effects. Biochemical and cloning experiments have demonstrated that there are two structurally distinct receptors which recognize PACAP and VIP peptides with similar affinities (PACAP/VIP R-1, PACAP/VIP R-2), as well as a receptor that is specific for the PACAP peptide (PACAP-Type 1 receptor). Using a homology-based cloning strategy we have identified PACAP/VIP R-2 receptor in human adipocytes, a tissue which was not previously identified as a target for PACAP and VIP action. This receptor type recognizes PACAP-38 and VIP similar affinity with inhibition concentrations of IC50 = 6.2 +/- 4.8 nM for PACAP-38 and IC50 = 9.4 +/- 4.6 nM for VIP. Like the other two PACAP receptors types, PACAP/VIP R-2 is coupled to cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathway with effective doses ED50 = 3.2 +/- 1.6 nM and ED50 = 2.2 +/- 0.9 nM for PACAP-38 and VIP respectively. Transcripts of the common PACAP/VIP R-2 are also found in human brain and a number of peripheral tissues, such as pancreas, muscle, heart, lund, kidney, stomach and low levels in the liver. Comparison of the tissue distribution of the human PACAP/VIP R-2 to that of the other two types of human PACAP receptors (PACAP-Type 1 and the other common PACAP/VIP R-1) by RNase protection showed that each of the three PACAP receptors is expressed in a unique set of human peripheral tissues. RNA transcripts for all three PACAP receptor types are found in human heart, brain and adipose tissue, while PACAP/VIP R-2 is the only one of these three receptor types that is expressed in the pancreas and skeletal muscle. These results suggest a novel and not yet characterized role for PACAP and VIP peptides in the neuroendocrine regulation of insulin-glucose homeostasis.
Structural diversity in lipopolysaccharide expression in nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (2003)

Structural elucidation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from three nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates, 1209, 1207 and 1233 was achieved using NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS on O-deacylated LPS and core oligosaccharide (OS) material as well as ESI-MS(n) on permethylated dephosphorylated OS. It was found that the organisms expressed a tremendous heterogeneous glycoform mixture resulting from the variable length of the OS chains attached to the common structural element of H. influenzae, L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1-->2)-[PEtn-->6]-L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Glcp-(1-->4)]-L-alpha-D-Hepp-(1-->5)-[PPEtn-->4]-alpha-Kdop-(2-->6)-Lipid A. Notably, the O-6 position of the beta-D-Glcp residue could either be occupied by PCho or L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (L,D-Hep), which is a location for L,D-Hep that has not been seen previously in H. influenzae LPS. The outer-core L,D-Hep residue was further chain elongated at the O-6 position by the structural element beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Galp, or sequentially truncated versions thereof. The distal heptose residue in the inner-core was found to be chain elongated at O-2 by the globotetraose unit, beta-D-GalpNAc-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-Glcp, or sequentially truncated versions thereof. Investigation of LPS from an lpsA mutant of isolate 1233 and a lic1 mutant of isolate 1209 was also performed, which aside from confirming the functions of the gene products, simplified elucidation of the OS extending from the proximal heptose (the lpsA mutant), and showed that the organism exclusively expresses LPS glycoforms comprising the outer-core l,d-Hep residue when PCho is not expressed (the lic1 mutant).
Solid State Digital Propulsion “Cluster Thrusters” For Small Satellites, Using High Performance Electrically Controlled Extinguishable Solid Propellants (2005)

Electrically controlled extinguishable solid propellants (ESCSP) are capable of multiple ignitions, extinguishments and throttle control by the application of electrical power. Both core and end burning no moving parts ECESP grains/motors to three inches in diameter have now been tested. Ongoing research has led to a newer family of even higher performance ECESP providing up to 10% higher Isp, manufacturing ease, and significantly higher electrical conduction. The high conductivity was not found to be desirable for larger motors; however it is ideal for downward scaling to micro and pico-propulsion applications with a web thickness of less than 0.125 inch. As a solid solution propellant, this ECESP is molecularly uniform, having no granular structure. Because of this homogeneity and workable viscosity it can be directly cast into thin layers or vacuum cast into complex geometries. Both coaxial and grain stacks have been demonstrated. Combining individual propellant coaxial grains and/or grain stacks together form three-dimensional arrays of modular cluster thrusters. Adoption of fabless manufacturing methods and standards from the electronics industry will provide custom, highly reproducible micro-propulsion arrays and clusters at low costs. These stack and cluster thruster designs provide a small footprint saving spacecraft surface area for solar panels and/or experiments. The simplicity of these thrusters will enable their broad use on micro-pico satellites for primary propulsion, ACS and formation flying applications. Larger spacecraft may find uses for ECESP thrusters on extended booms, on-orbit refueling, pneumatic actuators, and gas generators.
STEP (Statistical Test of Equivalent Pathways) Analysis:  A Mass Spectrometric Method for Carbohydrates and Peptides (2005)

We have recently developed a new mass spectrometry method, the STEP (statistical test of equivalent pathways) analysis that uses ion abundances in two tandem mass spectrometry experiments to obtain genealogy information about product ions present in mass spectra. The method requires minimal sample, and it can be performed using a conventional quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. To obtain genealogy information, STEP ratios are calculated by comparing the relative abundances of product ions in two MS/MS experiments. These ratios are directly related to the origin of the product ions. Product ions that result directly from the precursor ion always have STEP ratios that are </=1. Ions that result from secondary fragmentation pathways have STEP ratios that are significantly larger than the primary ions, based on a Q test of statistical significance. Consequently, the type (primary or secondary) of all the product ions in an MS/MS experiment can easily be identified in this analysis. The STEP method is applied herein to peptides and carbohydrates, and the STEP results are consistent with validation data for 95% of the ions in this study. This new method has many applications in carbohydrate and peptide analysis. It can be used to support mechanistic studies of peptide fragmentation, and it is useful for discriminating among various isomeric carbohydrates, without the need for reference standards. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the reliability of this method, and an example showing how the method benefits carbohydrate sequencing is also provided.
RepurposeVS: A Drug Repurposing-Focused Computational Method for Accurate Drug-Target Signature Predictions (2015)

We describe here RepurposeVS for the reliable prediction of drug-target signatures using X-ray protein crystal structures. RepurposeVS is a virtual screening method that incorporates docking, drug-centric and protein-centric 2D/3D fingerprints with a rigorous mathematical normalization procedure to account for the variability in units and provide high-resolution contextual information for drug-target binding. Validity was confirmed by the following: (1) providing the greatest enrichment of known drug binders for multiple protein targets in virtual screening experiments, (2) determining that similarly shaped protein target pockets are predicted to bind drugs of similar 3D shapes when RepurposeVS is applied to 2,335 human protein targets, and (3) determining true biological associations in vitro for mebendazole (MBZ) across many predicted kinase targets for potential cancer repurposing. Since RepurposeVS is a drug repurposing-focused method, benchmarking was conducted on a set of 3,671 FDA approved and experimental drugs rather than the Database of Useful Decoys (DUDE) so as to streamline downstream repurposing experiments. We further apply RepurposeVS to explore the overall potential drug repurposing space for currently approved drugs. RepurposeVS is not computationally intensive and increases performance accuracy, thus serving as an efficient and powerful in silico tool to predict drug-target associations in drug repurposing.
Crosslinking of partially neutralized liquid rubbers containing terminal and pendent carboxyl groups with anhydride and bisepoxide (1980)

Abstract Crosslinking of partially neutralized liquid rubbers containing terminal and pendent carboxyl groups with anhydride, and bisepoxide was investigated by the carboxyl–anhydride‐epoxide reaction. The partially neturalized liquid rubbers were prepared by the partial neutralization with MgO and CaO from a butadiene (BD)–acrylonitrile (AN) copolymer (Hycar CTBNX 1300X9) with the functionality of 2.4. Bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether (BADG) was the bisepoxide used, and hexahydropthalic anhydride (HPA) was the anhydride used. The metal carboxylate groups in the system catalyzed the curing reaction. The metal‐containing cured rubbers obtained showed considerably higher tensile strength than the previously reported metal‐containing cured rubbers based on CTBN 1300XB (BD–AN copolymer) with the lower functionality of 1.8. In addition, the cured rubbers generally showed higher water resistance, and lower weight gains in benzene, dioxane, and n ‐hexane than the CTBN‐series ones. Thermal behavior and stress relaxation are also discussed.
Cyclic Marinopyrrole Derivatives as Disruptors of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL Binding to Bim (2014)

A series of novel cyclic marinopyrroles were designed and synthesized. Their activity to disrupt the binding of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bim, to the pro-survival proteins, Mcl-1 and Bcl-x(L), was evaluated using ELISA assays. Both atropisomers of marinopyrrole A (1) show similar potency. A tetrabromo congener 9 is two-fold more potent than 1. Two novel cyclic marinopyrroles (3 and 4) are two- to seven-fold more potent than 1.
Cyclophilin A is required for the replication of group M human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV(CPZ)GAB but not group O HIV-1 or other primate immunodeficiency viruses (1996)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag polyprotein binds to cyclophilin A and incorporates this cellular peptidyl prolyl-isomerase into virions. Disruption of cyclophilin A incorporation, either by gag mutations or by cyclosporine A, inhibits virion infectivity, indicating that cyclophilin A plays an essential role in the HIV-1 life cycle. Using assays for packaging of cyclophilin A into virions and for viral replication sensitivity to cyclosporine A, as well as information gleaned from the alignment of Gag residues encoded by representative viral isolates, we demonstrate that of the five lineages of primate immunodeficiency viruses, only HIV-1 requires cyclophilin A for replication. Cloned viral isolates from clades A, B, and D of HIV-1 group M, as well as a phylogenetically related isolate from chimpanzee, all require cyclophilin A for replication. In contrast, the replication of two outlier (group O) HIV-1 isolates is unaffected by concentrations of cyclosporine A which disrupt cyclophilin A incorporation into virions, indicating that these viruses are capable of replicating independently of cyclophilin A. These studies identify the first phenotypic difference between HIV-1 group M and group O and are consistent with phylogenetic studies suggesting that the two HIV-1 groups were introduced into human populations via separate zoonotic transmission events.