gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Neoglycoconjugates by Transglycosylation with Arthrobacter protophormiae Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (1995)

The transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Arthrobacter protophormiae (endo-A) can be enhanced dramatically by inclusion of organic solvent in the reaction mixture (see accompanying article; Fan, J.-Q., Takegawa, K., Iwahara, S., Kondo, A., Kato, I., Abeygunawardana, C., and Lee, Y. C. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 17723-17729). This finding was extended to synthesis of important intermediates for preparation of neoglycoconjugates. When 0.2 M GlcNAc-O-(CH2)6NH2, GlcNAc-O-CH2CH = CH2, GlcNAc-O-(CH2)3-CH = CH2, GlcNAc-O-(CH2)3NHCOCH = CH2, GlcNAc-S-CH2CN, GlcNAc-S-(CH2)3CH3, or GlcNAc-S-CH2-CONHCH2CH(OMe)2 were used as acceptors in 30% acetone-containing media, the transglycosylation was accomplished with about 80% yield. The transglycosylation yields to benzyl beta-GlcNAc (67%), 4-methyl-umbelliferyl beta-GlcNAc (66%), p-nitrophenyl beta-GlcNAc (33%), and (GlcNAc-beta-S-CH2CH2CH2)2 (43%) were lower, because their poor solubilities allowed only 0.05 M or lower concentrations in the reaction mixture. A micromole-scale synthesis of Man9GlcNAc2-O-(CH2)3-NHCOCH = CH2 (Man9GlcNAc2-NAP) was accomplished with 90% yield, and the structure of the transglycosylation product was confirmed by 1H NMR. Man9GlcNAc2-NAP was co-polymerized with acrylamide. The ratio of sugar side chain to acrylamide in this glycopolymer was 1:44 and the molecular weight of glycopolymer was estimated to be between 1,500,000 and 2,000,000 by high performance gel filtration chromatography. The glycopolymer was shown to be a much more efficient inhibitor of binding by recombinant rat mannose binding protein-carbohydrate recognition domains (MBP-CRD) from serum (I50 = 3.5 microM Man9GlcNAc2-sugar chain) and liver (I50 = 74.5 nM) than soybean agglutinin.
Repurposing the thrombopoietin receptor agonist eltrombopag as an anticryptococcal agent (2019)

In this study, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug with previously unreported antifungal activity was investigated for suitability for use as an anticryptococcal agent. First, we screened a compound library of 1018 FDA-approved drugs against Cryptococcus neoformans. Of 52 drugs possessing anti-Cryptococcus activity, eltrombopag was chosen due to its novel activity. The susceptibility of Cryptococcus against eltrombopag was then studied by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), while the synergy of eltrombopag with other drugs was tested by fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). Eltrombopag had a limited spectrum of antifungal activity against C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex (MICs of 0.125 mg/l), Candida glabrata (MIC, 0.25 mg/l), and Trichophyton rubrum (MIC, 0.5 mg/l). Eltrombopag affected cryptococcal virulence factors, including capsule and biofilm formation, melanin production, and growth ability at 37°C. Further, RNA sequencing and deletion mutant library screening experiments revealed that genes involved in the calcineurin pathway, lipid biosynthesis, membrane component, and transporter genes were associated with eltrombopag. In addition, eltrombopag showed synergism with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 (FICI < 0.5) against Cryptococcus species. In conclusion, eltrombopag exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Cryptococcus species potentially via a mode of action which interferes with virulence factors and the calcineurin pathway, indicating that eltrombopag might be usefully repurposed as an antifungal agent for treating cryptococcosis.
Single-step exfoliation of black phosphorus and deposition of phosphorene <i>via</i> bipolar electrochemistry for capacitive energy storage application (2019)

A single-step, facile, and environmentally friendly exfoliation and deposition of bulk BP into phosphorene <italic>via</italic> bipolar electrochemistry results in capacitive energy storage with outstanding power density and long-term stability.
Enhanced Performance of Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Memory by Hole‐Barrier Modulation with an N‐Type Organic Buffer Layer between Pentacene and Polymer Electret (2020)

Abstract Theoretical and experimental work has revealed that a positively charged insulator layer formed by oxygen‐related defects near pentacene–dielectric interface in organic field‐effect‐transistors (OFETs) severely affects their performance. A novel OFET memory structure with an n‐type organic buffer layer at the pentacene/polymer interface is proposed. In this structure, electrons are induced on the surface of the n‐type organic layer near the interface due to the electrostatic field of the positively charged insulator and partly compensate the local positive charges at the interface, leading to a reduction in the height of hole barrier formed at the interface. On the other hand, the positive space charges will be induced in an extended region in n‐type organic layer due to the limited density of ionized donors, blocking the back transfer of holes to pentacene as a result of the thicker positively charged layer. This idea is implemented in the n‐type PTCDI‐C 13 ‐buffered OFETs with poly(2‐vinyl naphthalene) (PVN) dielectric, in which greatly reduced P/E gate voltages, reliable P/E endurance of more than 10 000 cycles, and excellent retention time of more than 10 4 s with an I ON / I OFF of more than 10 4 under a set of P/E pulses with low amplitudes and short pulses are achieved in air.
Redox Flow Batteries, Hydrogen and Distributed Storage (2015)

Social, economic, and political pressures are causing a shift in the global energy mix, with a preference toward renewable energy sources. In order to realize widespread implementation of these resources, large-scale storage of renewable energy is needed. Among the proposed energy storage technologies, redox flow batteries offer many unique advantages. The primary limitation of these systems, however, is their limited energy density which necessitates very large installations. In order to enhance the energy storage capacity of these systems, we have developed a unique dual-circuit architecture which enables two levels of energy storage; first in the conventional electrolyte, and then through the formation of hydrogen. Moreover, we have begun a pilot-scale demonstration project to investigate the scalability and technical readiness of this approach. This combination of conventional energy storage and hydrogen production is well aligned with the current trajectory of modern energy and mobility infrastructure. The combination of these two means of energy storage enables the possibility of an energy economy dominated by renewable resources.
X-ray diffraction technique to observe magnetostriction and magnetization at coextensive volumes of iron (2005)

We present a new technique for observing both magnetostriction and magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field strength. They are simultaneously measured by the same X-ray probes with a goniometer at exactly coextensive specimen volumes. The measurements yield experimental magnetostriction curves during a cyclic magnetization process in iron (100) single-crystal specimen at room temperature. The technique is a new tool to investigate magnetic properties within X-ray extinction depth from the surface.
Synthesis, vapor growth, polymerization, and characterization of thin films of novel diacetylene derivatives of pyrrole. The use of computer modeling to predict chemical and optical properties of these diacetylenes and poly(diacetylenes) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, vapor growth, polymerization, and characterization of thin films of novel diacetylene derivatives of pyrrole. The use of computer modeling to predict chemical and optical properties of these diacetylenes and poly(diacetylenes)M. S. Paley, D. O. Frazier, H. Abeledeyem, S. P. McManus, and S. E. ZutautCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9, 3247–3251Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00035a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00035a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views525Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Calling It What It Is: A Low-Grade, Destructive, Metastasizing Neoplasm (2012)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive cystic lung disease primarily affecting women that has historically been classified and clinically managed as a nonneoplastic interstitial lung disease.The purpose of this document is to outline the accumulating data that support reclassification of LAM as a low-grade, destructive, metastasizing neoplasm.This major conceptual shift actually began more than 10 years ago in the pathology community.The 1999 World Health Organization classification of lung tumors regarded LAM as a "tumour-like" lesion, and in the 2004 classification, it was codified as a mesenchymal neoplasm (1, 2).The pulmonary community seems to have been slower to adopt this viewpoint, however, and continues to consider LAM one of the "other" idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.LAM occurs in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and also as a sporadic illness in patients without heritable disease.In either case, the smooth muscle-like "LAM cells" that diffusely infiltrate the lungs, lymphatics, and angiomyolipomas of patients with LAM have a low proliferative index and little or no evidence of cellular atypia, suggestive of a benign process.However, mounting genetic and cellular evidence has shown that, despite their innocent appearance, LAM cells exhibit the features and behaviors of a neoplasm.The finding of loss of heterozygosity for tuberous sclerosis complex genes in the lung, kidney, and lymphatic lesions of patients with LAM is consistent with clonal origins for these tumors.In the handful of patients who have had multiple tissues available for sequencing, identical TSC mutations found in the angiomyolipomas, lymph nodes, and lungs are indicative of seeding from a common, most likely extrapulmonary source (3).Angiomyolipomas have been proposed as a potential primary tumor, but they are present in a minority of patients with sporadic LAM (4).The expression of smooth muscle markers (5) and steroid hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptors ( 6), variation of symptoms with the menstrual cycle (7), and report of LAM lesions in 9 of 10 resected uterine specimens from patients with LAM in a small series (8) are potentially consistent with a uterine primary tumor, at least in some patients.The TSC mutations that occur in LAM result in inappropriate, constitutive signaling through the
A Novel Repulsive-Mode High-Gradient Magnetic Separator—II. Separation Model (2004)

We present a model that allows the theoretical description of three-dimensional particle movement of magnetically susceptible particles in a continuously operating two-wire high-gradient repulsive-mode magnetic separator (RMMS) under laminar flow conditions. From the calculated trajectories, separation efficiencies can be determined by a statistical approach. We compare the model to experiments on a lab-type RMMS and synthetic magnetite in water.
Distant clock synchronization using entangled photon pairs (2004)

We report a proof-of-principle experiment on distant clock synchronization. Besides the achievement of picosecond resolution at 3km distance, this experiment demonstrated a concept for high-accuracy nonlocal timing and positioning based on the quantum feature of entangled states.
MediaBrowser (2004)

Applying personal keywords to images and video clips makes it possible to organize and retrieve them, as well as automatically create thematically related slideshows. MediaBrowser is a system designed to help users create annotations by uniting a careful choice of interface elements, an elegant and pleasing design, smooth motion and animation, and a few simple tools that are predictable and consistent. The result is a friendly, useable tool for turning shoeboxes of old photos into labeled collections that can be easily browsed, shared, and enjoyed.
Prostate segmentation in 3D US images using the cardinal-spline-based discrete dynamic contour (2003)

Our slice-based 3D prostate segmentation method comprises of three steps. 2) Boundary deformation. First, we chose more than three points on the boundary of the prostate along one direction and used a Cardinal-spline to interpolate an initial prostate boundary, which has been divided into vertices. At each vertex, the internal and external forces were calculated. These forces drived the evolving contour to the true boundary of the prostate. 3) 3D prostate segmentation. We propoaged the final contour in the initial slice to adjacent slices and refined them until all prostate boundaries of slices are segmented. Finally, we calculated the volume of the prostate from a 3D mesh surface of the prostate. Experiments with the 3D US images of six patient prostates demonstrated that our method efficiently avoided being trapped in local minima and the average percentage error was 4.8%. In 3D prostate segementation, the average percentage error in measuring the prostate volume is less than 5%, with respect to the manual planimetry.
Biocontrol of aflatoxin in corn by inoculation with non-aflatoxigenic <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> isolates (2006)

Abstract The ability of two non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolates (CT3 and K49) to reduce aflatoxin contamination of corn was assessed in a 4-year field study (2001–2004). Soil was treated with six wheat inoculant treatments: aflatoxigenic isolate F3W4; two non-aflatoxigenic isolates (CT3 and K49); two mixtures of CT3 or K49 with F3W4; and an autoclaved wheat control, applied at 20 kg ha−1. In 2001, inoculation with the aflatoxigenic isolate increased corn grain aflatoxin levels by 188% compared to the non-inoculated control, while CT3 and K49 inoculation reduced aflatoxin levels in corn grain by 86 and 60%, respectively. In 2002, the non-toxigenic CT3 and K49 reduced aflatoxin levels by 61 and 76% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively. In 2001, mixtures of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates had little effect on aflatoxin levels, but in 2002, inoculation with mixtures of K49 and CT3 reduced aflatoxin levels 68 and 37% compared to non-inoculated controls, respectively. In 2003 and 2004, a low level of natural aflatoxin contamination was observed (8 ng g−1). However, inoculation with mixtures of K49 + F3W4 and CT3 + F3W4, reduced levels of aflatoxin 65–94% compared to the aflatoxigenic strain alone. Compared to the non-sclerotia producing CT3, strain K49 produces large sclerotia, has more rapid in vitro radial growth, and a greater ability to colonize corn when artificially inoculated, perhaps indicating greater ecological competence. Results indicate that non-aflatoxigenic, indigenous A. flavus isolates, such as strain K49, have potential use for biocontrol of aflatoxin contamination in southern US corn.
The Development of Fluorescent Probes for Visualizing Intracellular Hydrogen Polysulfides (2015)

Endogenous hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn; n>1) have been recognized as important regulators in sulfur-related redox biology. H2Sn can activate tumor suppressors, ion channels, and transcription factors with higher potency than H2S. Although H2Sn are drawing increasing attention, their exact mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. A major hurdle in this field is the lack of reliable and convenient methods for H2Sn detection. Herein we report a H2Sn-mediated benzodithiolone formation under mild conditions. This method takes advantage of the unique dual reactivity of H2Sn as both a nucleophile and an electrophile. Based on this reaction, three fluorescent probes (PSP-1, PSP-2, and PSP-3) were synthesized and evaluated. Among the probes prepared, PSP-3 showed a desirable off/on fluorescence response to H2Sn and high specificity. The probe was successfully applied in visualizing intracellular H2Sn.
Framework Stability of Nanocrystalline NaY in Aqueous Solution at Varying pH (2010)

Nanocrystalline zeolites are emerging as important materials for a variety of potential applications in industry and medicine. Reducing the particle size to less than 100 nm results in advantages for nanocrystalline zeolites relative to micrometer-sized zeolite crystals, such as very large total and external specific surface areas and reduced diffusion path lengths. Understanding the physical and chemical properties of zeolite nanocrystals is imperative for further development and application of nanocrystalline zeolites. In this study, the framework stability of nanocrystalline NaY zeolite with a crystal size of 66 nm and Si/Al = 1.74 was investigated at pH 7.4, 4, 2, and 1. The solids and solutions were analyzed using several different analytical techniques. The relative crystallinity and crystal size and morphology of the solids were examined by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The aluminum content, Si/Al, and coordination were monitored by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectroscopy (ICP/OES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and aluminum-27 solid-state magic-angle spinning NMR. As the acidity of the medium increased, the framework stability of nanocrystalline NaY decreased. Treatment of the zeolite samples at pH 1 resulted in complete degradation of the zeolite framework after 1 h. An increase in Si/Al was also observed, suggesting the selective removal of aluminum at low pH.
2-(Alkylthio)penem-3-carboxylic acids I. Synthesis of 6-unsubstituted penems. (1980)

Treatment of 4-acetoxy-2-azetidinone (9) with various sodium alkyl trithiocarbonates gave 4-[(alkylthio) thiocarbonyl] thioazetidinones 10, which were converted into the phosphoranes 8. Intramolecular Wittig reactions of 8 followed by deblocking yielded penem-3-carboxylic acids 5.
Mitigating spurious compressional waves in multi-measurand thickness shear mode sensors (2009)

There is a growing demand for multi-measurand monitoring of fluid properties in industrial settings. A notable example is in the area of fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and coolants, in which fluid aging and fluid contamination must be monitored and subjected to trend analysis to optimize preventive maintenance schedules. Typically these applications require viscosity measurement for immediate detection of catastrophic failure and employ conductivity and/or dielectric measurements for predictive measurements. The present work investigates unwanted compressional wave interactions in a multi-measurand thickness shear mode coupled resonator sensor, their mitigation, and the potential to employ the interactions to extract density and compressibility modulus information.
Screening of thyroid nodules by ultrasound elastography using diastolic strain variation (2009)

The diagnosis for thyroid nodules is currently made via an FNA biopsy. It is estimated that somewhere between 250,000 and 300,000 thyroid FNA biopsies are performed in the United States annually. However, a large percentage (approximately 70%) of these biopsies turn out to be benign. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether ultrasound elastography can be used as a screening tool to reduce the number of FNA procedures on benign thyroid nodules. Ultrasound data previously acquired from 34 thyroid nodules in 31 FNA-bound patients were used. Pulsation from the carotid artery was used to compress the thyroid nodules, and the strain was calculated off-line. A metric, called diastolic strain variation index (DSVI), was computed for each nodule during diastole as the standard deviation of strain within a thyroid nodule. Based on the derived DSVI value, thyroid nodules were retrospectively classified into 2 types: I) no FNA (observation-only) and II) FNA. The DSVI value of benign nodules (n = 22) was significantly higher than that of malignant nodules (n = 12) (p = 0.0000016). Using an DSVI cut-off value of 0.019%, 18 nodules were classified as type I, all of which were benign, while 16 nodules were classified as type II, 12 malignant and 4 benign. This suggests that ultrasound elastography could have screened out 18 type-I nodules, reducing the number of FNAs by 53%. Because aggressive FNA management of thyroid nodules is costly, thyroid elastography could be employed in the future for more appropriate utilization of healthcare resources in handling thyroid nodules.
Rapid design of biorthogonal wavelet transforms (2000)

A rapid design methodology for biorthogonal wavelet transform cores has been developed based on a generic, scaleable architecture for wavelet filters. The architecture offers efficient hardware utilisation by combining the linear phase property of biorthogonal filters with decimation in a MAC-based implementation. The design has been captured in VHDL and parameterised in terms of wavelet type, data word length and coefficient word length. The control circuit is embedded within the cores and allows them to be cascaded without any interface glue logic for any desired level of decomposition. The design time to produce silicon layout of a biorthogonal wavelet system is typically less than a day. The resulting silicon cores produced are comparable in area and performance to hand-crafted designs. The designs are portable across a range of foundries and are also applicable to FPGA and PLD implementations.
Skewed Compressed Caches (2014)

Cache compression seeks the benefits of a larger cache with the area and power of a smaller cache. Ideally, a compressed cache increases effective capacity by tightly compacting compressed blocks, has low tag and metadata overheads, and allows fast lookups. Previous compressed cache designs, however, fail to achieve all these goals. In this paper, we propose the Skewed Compressed Cache (SCC), a new hardware compressed cache that lowers overheads and increases performance. SCC tracks super blocks to reduce tag overhead, compacts blocks into a variable number of sub-blocks to reduce internal fragmentation, but retains a direct tag-data mapping to find blocks quickly and eliminate extra metadata (i.e., No backward pointers). Saccades this using novel sparse super-block tags and a skewed associative mapping that takes compressed size into account. In our experiments, SCC provides on average 8% (up to 22%) higher performance, and on average 6% (up to 20%) lower total energy, achieving the benefits of the recent Decoupled Compressed Cache [26] with a factor of 4 lower area overhead and lower design complexity.