gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steering performance test of underwater mining robot (2014)

A pilot-scale mining robot for manganese nodule has been developed by KRISO (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) in 2012. The robot consists of two unit-modules having an identical mechanical and hydraulic configuration. Each unit module has two tracks, two pick-up devices with attitude control devices, two crushers, one discharging pump, and hydraulic system. In 2013, Sea-trial has been performed at 130m depth in the east sea of South Korea. To strictly keep and follow the pre-defined complex path with a constant forward speed, steering characteristics of the mining robot are required. To know the characteristics of the robot, steering performance test was executed with appointed steering ratios. Also, for the reliable driving of the robot, the velocity pattern of four-columns tracks is determined by numerical simulation. To actuate track motor as a commanded velocity, PI controller is designed from system identification method and gain tuning rule.
A Membrane-Integrated Fermentation Reactor System: Its Effects in Reducing the Amount of Sub-Raw Materials for<scp>D</scp>-Lactic Acid Continuous Fermentation by<i>Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus</i> (2012)

Continuous fermentation by retaining cells with a membrane-integrated fermentation reactor (MFR) system was found to reduce the amount of supplied sub-raw material. If the amount of sub-raw material can be reduced, continuous fermentation with the MFR system should become a more attractive process for industrialization, due to decreased material costs and loads during the refinement process. Our findings indicate that the production rate decreased when the amount of the sub-raw material was reduced in batch fermentation, but did not decrease during continuous fermentation with Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus. Moreover, continuous fermentation with a reduced amount of sub-raw material resulted in a productivity of 11.2 g/L/h over 800 h. In addition, the index of industrial process applicability used in the MFR system increased by 6.3-fold as compared with the conventional membrane-based fermentation reactor previously reported, suggesting a potential for the industrialization of this D-lactic acid continuous fermentation process.
Homogeneous Precipitation of TiO <sub>2</sub> Ultrafine Powders from Aqueous TiOCl <sub>2</sub> Solution (1999)

Crystalline TiO 2 powders were prepared by the homogeneous precipitation method simply by heating and stirring an aqueous TiOCl 2 solution with a Ti 4+ concentration of 0.5 M at room temperature to 100°C under a pressure of 1 atm. TiO 2 precipitates with pure rutile phase having spherical shapes 200‐400 nm in diameter formed between room temperature and 65°C, whereas TiO 2 precipitates with anatase phase started to form at temperatures >65°C. Precipitates with pure anatase phase having irregular shapes 2‐5 µm in size formed at 100°C. Possibly because of the crystallization of an unstable intermediate product, TiO(OH) 2 , to TiO 2 x H 2 O during precipitation, crystalline and ultrafine TiO 2 precipitates were formed in aqueous TiOCl 2 solution without hydrolyzing directly to Ti(OH) 4 . Also, formation of a stable TiO 2 rutile phase between room temperature and 65°C was likely to occur slowly under these conditions, although TiO 2 with rutile phase formed thermodynamically at higher temperatures.
Late-breaking abstract: Attenuation of allergen-induced asthmatic responses by inhaled GATA-3 specific DNAzyme (2014)

Background The most prevalent phenotype of asthma is characterized by a TH2-driven eosinophil dominated inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of GATA-3, the master transcription factor of the TH2 pathway, may be beneficial. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a novel DNAzyme specifically directed against GATA-3 mRNA (SB010). Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial, patients with allergic asthma with sputum eosinophilia exhibiting a biphasic early and late phase asthmatic response (EAR and LAR, respectively) following specific allergen provocation were assigned to receive 10 mg SB010 (N=21) or placebo (N=19) by inhalation once daily for 28 days. Allergen challenge was performed before and after treatment. Change in the area under the FEV1 curve (AUC) in LAR was the primary endpoint. Results SB010 attenuated the decline in mean FEV1 AUC by 34% compared with a 1% worsening in the placebo group (P=0.02) during LAR and by 11% compared with a 10% worsening in the placebo group during EAR (P=0.03). These effects were more pronounced in pre-specified subgroups of patients with blood eosinophils ≥ 4% (improvement LAR 41.7%, P=0.05; improvement EAR 28.3%, P=0.02) or FeNO ≥ 40 ppb. Lung function improvement was associated with changes in various TH2 pathway related biomarkers, including serum periostin, sputum eosinophils, eosinophilic cationic protein, and mast cell tryptase. No serious treatment emergent adverse events were reported. Conclusions SB010 treatment significantly attenuated both LAR and EAR following allergen provocation. Biomarker analysis revealed a strong effect on TH2 regulated inflammatory responses (Clinical Trials NCT 01743768).
Role of Entanglement in Two-Photon Imaging (2001)

The use of entangled photons in an imaging system can exhibit effects that cannot be mimicked by any other two-photon source, whatever the strength of the correlations between the two photons. We consider a two-photon imaging system in which one photon is used to probe a remote (transmissive or scattering) object, while the other serves as a reference. We discuss the role of entanglement versus correlation in such a setting, and demonstrate that entanglement is a prerequisite for achieving distributed quantum imaging.
Real-time detection of telomerase activity in cancer cells using a label-free electrochemical impedimetric biosensing microchip (2014)

The enzyme telomerase is present in about 85% of human cancers which makes it not only a good target for cancer treatment but also an excellent marker for cancer detection. Using a single stranded DNA probe specific for telomerase binding and reverse transcription tethered to an interdigital gold electrode array surface, the chromosome protection provided by the telomerase was replicated and followed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an unlabeled biosensor. Using this system designed in-house, easy and affordable, impedance measurements were taken while incubating at 37 °C and promoting the probe elongation. This resulted in up to 14-fold increase in the charge transfer resistance when testing a telomerase-positive nuclear extract from Jurkat cells compared to the heat-inactivated telomerase-negative nuclear extract. The electron transfer process at the Au electrodes was studied before the elongation, at different times after the elongation, and after desorption of non-specific binding.
Identifying Network Packets Across Translational Boundaries (2014)

A translational boundary is any computer network system which performs network address translation in order to act as an intermediary between client requests and server responses. Since boundaries essentially hide networks from the world by acting on their behalf, a sensor monitoring traffic for mal
During Glaucoma, α2-Macroglobulin Accumulates in Aqueous Humor and Binds to Nerve Growth Factor, Neutralizing Neuroprotection (2011)

This work further documents a potential novel mechanism of RGC death and a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for glaucoma.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of a Series of 2‐(4‐Alkyloxyphenyl)‐5‐cyanopyridine Liquid Crystalline Compounds. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cloning of a Novel <i>Babesia equi</i> Gene Encoding a 158-Kilodalton Protein Useful for Serological Diagnosis (2005)

In this study, we characterized a Babesia equi Be158 gene obtained by immunoscreening a B. equi cDNA expression phage library with B. equi-infected horse serum. The Be158 gene consists of an open reading frame of 3,510 nucleotides. The recombinant Be158 gene product was produced in Escherichia coli and used for the immunization of mice. In Western blot analysis, mouse immune serum against the Be158 gene product recognized 75- and 158-kDa proteins from the lysate of B. equi-infected erythrocytes. In an indirect fluorescent-antibody test with the mouse immune serum, the Be158 antigen appeared in the cytoplasm of Maltese cross-forming parasites (which consist of four merozoites) and was located mainly in the extraerythrocytic merozoite body. When the recombinant Be158 gene product was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a serological antigen, it was found to react to B. equi-infected horse sera, indicating that the Be158 gene product is useful as a serologically diagnostic antigen for B. equi infection.
Area Efficient Hardware Implementation of Elliptic Curve Cryptography by Iteratively Applying Karatsuba's Method (2005)

Securing communication channels is especially needed in wireless environments, but applying cipher mechanisms in software is limited by the calculation and energy resources of mobile devices. If hardware is applied to realize cryptographic operations, cost becomes an issue. We describe an approach which tackles all three of these points. We implemented a hardware accelerator for polynomial multiplication in extended Galois fields (GF) applying Karatsuba's method iteratively. With this approach, the area required is reduced to 2.1 mm/sup 2/ in comparison to 6.2 mm/sup 2/ for the standard application of Karatsuba's method, i.e., for its recursive application. Our approach also reduces the energy consumption to 60 per cent of the original approach. The price we have to pay for this achievement is an increased execution time. In our implementation, a polynomial multiplication takes 3 clock cycles, whereas the recursive Karatsuba approach needs only one clock cycle. However, considering area, energy and calculation speed, we are convinced that the benefits of our approach outweigh its drawback.
THz imaging in the near-field (2005)

Time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (THz-TDS), based on optoelectronic generation and detection of sub-picosecond electrical transients in photoconducting antennae, has become an extremely valuable tool for spectroscopy in the far-infrared spectral region,1 Recently, we have extended THz-TDS to realtime “T-ray” imaging by reducing the acquisition time of THz waveforms by four orders of magnitude.
Efficient Control of A-C Machines in the Brushless D-C Configuration (1977)

This paper derives and analyzes equivalent circuit models of induction and synchronous motors. Optimal control algorithms and torque limits are derived for both motors. It is shown that the use of these algorithms leads to achieving high efficiency with either type of motor over a range of operating conditions that includes order-of-magnitude changes in both torque and speed. This is an important result in view of the widespread belief that these motors can only be efficient over a narrow range of operating conditions. Although the synchronous motor is shown to be slightly more efficient, especially at low speeds., it was concluded that the simplicity and ruggedness of the induction motor makes it preferable for many brushless d-c motor applications. The paper also describes a practical means of applying the optimal control functions to an induction motor brushless d-c system. Simple active networks are derived for use in generating the proper control algorithm. This type of control can be applied to any size system to achieve the maximum possible efficiency over a wide range of output speeds and torques.
Synthetic Methods for the Preparation of Platinum Anticancer Complexes (2013)

The demonstration in the 1960s that cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum(II), or cisplatin, inhibits cellular division of Escherichia coli led to the subsequent discovery that this simple coordination compound is also an effective antitumor agent in mouse models. Subsequent studies validated cisplatin as an effective anticancer agent in humans as well, and FDA approval of cisplatin for the treatment of metastatic ovarian and testicular cancers was granted in 1978. Its introduction as a chemotherapeutic agent significantly improved the survival outlook for many cancer patients; the cure rate for testicular cancer before the approval of cisplatin was less than 10%, significantly lower than the 90% cure rate attained with modern platinum chemotherapy.
Inverse Scattering for Optical Coherence Tomography (2005)

The inverse scattering problem for optical coherence tomography (OCT) is solved to obtain three-dimensional object structure, taking into account the finite beam width and focusing. Specifically, scatterers are resolved outside of the confocal region.
Role of P1 residues Arg336 and Arg562 in the activated-Protein-C-catalysed inactivation of Factor VIIIa (2006)

APC (activated Protein C) inactivates human Factor VIIIa following cleavage at residues Arg336 and Arg562 within the A1 and A2 subunits respectively. The role of the P1 arginine in APC-catalysed inactivation of Factor VIIIa was examined by employing recombinant Factor VIIIa molecules where residues 336 and 562 were replaced with alanine and/or glutamine. Stably expressed Factor VIII proteins were activated by thrombin and resultant Factor VIIIa was reacted at high concentration with APC to minimize cofactor inactivation due to A2 subunit dissociation. APC cleaved wild-type Factor VIIIa at the A1 site with a rate approximately 25-fold greater than that for the A2 site. A1 mutants R336A and R336Q were inactivated approximately 9-fold slower than wild-type Factor VIIIa, whereas the A2 mutant R562A was inactivated approximately 2-fold slower. No cleavage at the mutated sites was observed. Taken together, these results suggested that cleavage at the A1 site was the dominant mechanism for Factor VIIIa inactivation catalysed by the proteinase. On the basis of cleavage at Arg336, a K(m) value for wild-type Factor VIIIa of 102 nM was determined, and this value was significantly greater than K(i) values (approximately 9-18 nM) obtained for an R336Q/R562Q Factor VIIIa. Furthermore, evaluation of a series of cluster mutants in the C-terminal region of the A1 subunit revealed a role for acidic residues in segment 341-345 in the APC-catalysed proteolysis of Arg336. Thus, while P1 residues contribute to catalytic efficiency, residues removed from these sites make a primary contribution to the overall binding of APC to Factor VIIIa.
Coating Tolerant Thermography Inspection System (1999)

Thermal methods correlate structural integrity with thermal diffusivity. If the molecular structure is altered, impairing transfer of forces, then the conduction of heat energy is also impeded (Cramer,92)(Osiander,96). Coating Tolerant Thermography projects a pattern of slowly translating thermal stripes to force conduction across cracks, thereby optimizing the measurable thermal gradient (Lesniak,95,96,97,97). Heat travels from hot stripe to cool stripe as the stripes slowly comb the structure for cracks. The in-plane heat flow is impeded by a structural flaw, such as a crack, creating a gradient in the thermal image, which clearly defines the crack. The fundamental principle behind Coating Tolerant Thermography is that only the thermal spatial derivative of a true structural anomaly will change sign with opposing heat flow. When the heat is flowing from the left, the gradient is positive (as defined) because the heat builds up behind the crack on the left. When heat is flowing from the right, the gradient changes sign becoming negative because now heat builds up behind the crack on the right side. Only a true structural flaw has this characteristic.
A Fast and Compact Method for Unveiling Significant Patterns in High Speed Networks (2007)

Identification of significant patterns in network traffic, such as IPs or flows that contribute large volume (heavy hitters) or introduce large changes (heavy changers), has many applications in accounting and network anomaly detection. As network speed and the number of flows grow rapidly, tracking per-IP or per-flow statistics becomes infeasible due to both the computational overhead and memory requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel sequential hashing scheme that requires only O(H log N) both in memory and computational overhead that are close to being optimal, where N is the the number of all possible keys (e.g., flows, IPs) and H is the maximum number of heavy keys. Moreover, the generalized sequential hashing scheme makes it possible to trade off among memory, update cost, and detection cost in a large range that can be utilized by different computer architectures for optimizing the overall performance. In addition, we also propose statistically efficient algorithms for estimating the values of heavy hitters and heavy changers. Using both theoretical analysis and experimental studies of Internet traces, we demonstrate that our approach can achieve the same accuracy as the existing methods do but using much less memory and computational overhead.
Structural Basis for the Design of Antibiotics Targeting Peptide Deformylase<sup>,</sup> (1999)

While protein synthesis in bacteria begins with a formylated methionine, the formyl group of the nascent polypeptide is removed by peptide deformylase. Since eukaryotic protein synthesis does not involve formylation and deformylation at the N-terminus, there has been increasing interest in peptide deformylase as a potential target for antibacterial chemotherapy. Toward this end and to aid in the design of effective antibiotics targeting peptide deformylase, the structures of the protein-inhibitor complexes of both the cobalt and the zinc containing Escherichia coli peptide deformylase bound to the transition-state analogue, (S)-2-O-(H-phosphonoxy)-L-caproyl-L-leucyl-p-nitroanilide (PCLNA), have been determined. The proteins for both deformylase-inhibitor complexes show basically the same fold as for the native enzyme. The PCLNA inhibitor adopts an extended conformation and fits nicely into a hydrophobic cavity located near the metal site. On the basis of these structures, guidelines for the design of high-affinity deformylase inhibitors are suggested. As our results show that the protein residues which interact with the PCLNA inhibitor are conserved over a wide variety of species, we suggest that antibiotics targeting deformylase could have wide applicability.
Ultrafast fiber lasers and nonlinear generation of light (2009)

In this paper, we describe compact laser sources based on high-power amplification in Yb-doped silica fibers of ultra-stable mode-locked pulses from an all-fiber oscillator. The interplay between third-order nonlinearity, gain and chromatic dispersion in the polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier is engineered to produce high-quality, high-energy pulses suitable for nonlinear generation of light in optical fibers. In particular, the generation of high-energy supercontinuum in photonic-crystal fibers, and the generation of transform-limited femtosecond pulses facilitated by the Raman soliton self-frequency shift effect in hollow-core photonic-bandgap fibers is herein described. Such sources have allowed the development of novel tools for fundamental research and industrial applications in a variety of fields ranging from microscopy to material processing.
Asynchronous Distributed Averaging on Communication Networks (2007)

Distributed algorithms for averaging have attracted interest in the control and sensing literature. However, previous works have not addressed some practical concerns that will arise in actual implementations on packet-switched communication networks such as the Internet. In this paper, we present several implementable algorithms that are robust to asynchronism and dynamic topology changes. The algorithms are completely distributed and do not require any global coordination. In addition, they can be proven to converge under very general asynchronous timing assumptions. Our results are verified by both simulation and experiments on Planetlab, a real-world TCP/IP network. We also present some extensions that are likely to be useful in applications.
Retinoid-mediated transcriptional regulation of keratin genes in human epidermal and squamous cell carcinoma cells. (1991)

Vitamin A and other retinoids profoundly inhibit morphological and biochemical features of epidermal differentiation in vivo and in vitro. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential expression of epidermal keratins and their regulation by retinoids, we examined retinoid-mediated changes in total protein expression, protein synthesis, mRNA expression, and transcription in cultured human keratinocytes and in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-13) cells of epidermal origin. Our studies revealed that the epidermal keratins, K5, K6, K14, and K16, their mRNAs, and their transcripts were diminished relative to actin as a consequence of retinoic acid (RA) treatment. The effects were most pronounced in SCC-13 and were detected as early as 6 hr post-RA treatment, with enhancement over an additional 24-48 hr. Repression was also observed when 5' upstream sequences of K14 or K5 genes were used to drive expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in SCC-13 keratinocytes. Both cell types were found to express mRNAs for the RA receptors alpha and gamma, which may be involved in the RA-mediated transcriptional changes in these cells. The rapid transcriptional changes in epidermal keratin genes were in striking contrast to the previously reported slow transcriptional changes in simple epithelial keratin genes.
Fundamental Limits of Wireless Caching Under Mixed Cacheable and\n Uncacheable Traffic (2020)

We consider cache-aided wireless communication scenarios where each user\nrequests both a file from an a-priori generated cacheable library (referred to\nas 'content'), and an uncacheable 'non-content' message generated at the start\nof the wireless transmission session. This scenario is easily found in\nreal-world wireless networks, where the two types of traffic coexist and share\nlimited radio resources. We focus on single-transmitter, single-antenna\nwireless networks with cache-aided receivers, where the wireless channel is\nmodelled by a degraded Gaussian broadcast channel (GBC). For this setting, we\nstudy the delay-rate trade-off, which characterizes the content delivery time\nand non-content communication rates that can be achieved simultaneously. We\npropose a scheme based on the separation principle, which isolates the coded\ncaching and multicasting problem from the physical layer transmission problem.\nWe show that this separation-based scheme is sufficient for achieving an\ninformation-theoretically order optimal performance, up to a multiplicative\nfactor of 2.01 for the content delivery time, when working in the generalized\ndegrees of freedom (GDoF) limit. We further show that the achievable\nperformance is near-optimal after relaxing the GDoF limit, up to an additional\nadditive factor of 2 bits per dimension for the non-content rates. A key\ninsight emerging from our scheme is that in some scenarios considerable amounts\nof non-content traffic can be communicated while maintaining the minimum\ncontent delivery time, achieved in the absence of non-content messages;\ncompliments of 'topological holes' arising from asymmetries in wireless channel\ngains.\n