gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research of image enhancement of dental cast based on wavelet transformation (2010)

This paper describes a 3D laser scanner for dental cast that realize non-contact deepness measuring. The scanner and the control PC make up of a 3D scan system, accomplish the real time digital of dental cast. Owing to the complexity shape of the dental cast and the random nature of scanned points, the detected feature curves are generally not smooth or not accurate enough for subsequent application. The purpose of this p is to present an algorithm for enhancing the useful points and eliminating the noises. So an image enhancement algorithm based on wavelet transform and fuzzy set theory is presented. Firstly, the multi-scale wavelet transform is adopted to decompose the input image, which extracts the characteristic of multi-scale of the image. Secondly, wavelet threshold is used for image de-noising, and then the traditional fuzzy set theory is improved and applied to enhance the low frequency wavelet coefficients and the high frequency wavelet coefficients of different directions of each scale. Finally, the inverse wavelet transform is applied to synthesis image. A group of experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective for the dental cast image de-noising and enhancement, the edge of the enhanced image is distinct which is good for the subsequent image processing.
Is selective 5-HT 1F receptor agonism an entity apart from that of the triptans in antimigraine therapy? (2018)

Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that involves activation of the trigeminovascular system and cranial vasodilation mediated by release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The gold standard for acute migraine treatment are the triptans, 5-HT<sub>1B/1D/(1F)</sub> receptor agonists. Their actions are thought to be mediated through activation of: (i) 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> receptors in cranial blood vessels with subsequent cranial vasoconstriction; (ii) prejunctional 5-HT<sub>1D</sub> receptors on trigeminal fibers that inhibit trigeminal CGRP release; and (iii) 5-HT<sub>1B/1D/1F</sub> receptors in central nervous system involved in (anti)nociceptive modulation. Unfortunately, coronary arteries also express 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> receptors whose activation would produce coronary vasoconstriction; hence, triptans are contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease. In addition, since migraineurs have an increased cardiovascular risk, it is important to develop antimigraine drugs devoid of vascular (side) effects. Ditans, here defined as selective 5-HT<sub>1F</sub> receptor agonists, were developed on the basis that most of the triptans activate trigeminal 5-HT<sub>1F</sub> receptors, which may explain part of the triptans' antimigraine action. Amongst the ditans, lasmiditan: (i) fails to constrict human coronary arteries; and (ii) is effective for the acute treatment of migraine in preliminary Phase III clinical trials. Admittedly, the exact site of action is still unknown, but lasmiditan possess a high lipophilicity, which suggests a direct action on the central descending antinociceptive pathways. Furthermore, since 5-HT<sub>1F</sub> receptors are located on trigeminal fibers, they could modulate CGRP release. This review will be particularly focussed on the similarities and differences between the triptans and the ditans, their proposed sites of action, side effects and their cardiovascular risk profile.
Measurements for stress sensing of composites using tailored piezospectroscopic coatings (2019)

Chromium-doped α-alumina is naturally photo-luminescent with spectral properties that are characterized by R-lines with two distinct peaks known as R1 and R2. When the material is subjected to stress, shifts in the R-lines occur, which is known as the piezospectroscopic (PS) effect. Recent work has shown that improved sensitivity of the technique can be achieved through a configuration of nanoparticles within a polymer matrix, which can be applied to a structure as a stress-sensing coating. This study demonstrates the capability of PS coatings in mechanical tests and investigates the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction on sensing performance. Here, measurements of spectral shifts that capture variation in stress of the coating during mechanical testing and in the region of substrate damage showed that stress contours are more noticeable on a soft laminate than hard laminate. It was found that the 20 % volume fraction PS coating showed the most distinct features of all the coatings tested with the highest signal-to-noise ratio and volume fraction of α-alumina. Post failure assessment of the PS coatings verified that the coatings were intact and peak shifts observed during mechanical testing were due to the stress in the substrate. The results suggest the ability to design and tailor the “sensing” capability of these nanoparticles and correlate the measured stress variations with the presence of stress and damage in underlying structures. This study is relevant to nondestructive evaluation in the aerospace industry, where monitoring signs of damage is of significance for testing of new materials, quality control in manufacturing and inspections during maintenance.
Electrostatic Mechanisms Responsible for Device Degradation in Proton Irradiated AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs (2008)

Displacement-damage induced degradation in AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs with polarization charge induced 2DEGs is examined using simulations and experiments. Carrier removal in the unintentionally doped AlGaN layer changes the space charge in the structure and this changes the band bending. The band bending decreases the 2DEG density, which in turn reduces the drain current in the device. The effect of the defect energy levels on the 2DEG density is also studied. The interplay between carrier removal, mobility degradation, and the charged defects is analyzed and quantified.
Design of Axial Blood Pumps for Patients With Dysfunctional <scp>F</scp>ontan Physiology: Computational Studies and Performance Testing (2015)

Limited treatment options for patients having dysfunctional single ventricle physiology motivate the necessity for alternative therapeutic options. To address this unmet need, we are developing a collapsible axial flow blood pump. This study investigated the impact of geometric simplicity to facilitate percutaneous placement and maintain optimal performance. Three new pump designs were numerically evaluated. A transient simulation explored the impact of respiration on blood flow conditions over the entire respiratory cycle. Prototype testing of the top performing pump design was completed. The top performing Rec design generated the highest pressure rise range of 2-38 mm Hg for flow rates of 1-4 L/min at 4000-7000 RPM, exceeding the performance of the other two configurations by more than 26%. The blood damage indices for the new pump designs were determined to be below 0.5% and predicted hemolysis levels remained low at less than 7 × 10(-5) g/100 L. Prototype testing of the Rec design confirmed numerical predictions to within an average of approximately 22%. These findings demonstrate that the pumps are reasonably versatile in operational ability, meet pressure-flow requirements to support Fontan patients, and are expected to have low levels of blood trauma.
Methods for Evaluating Cardiac Wall Motion in Three Dimensions Using Bifurcation Points of the Coronary Arterial Tree (1983)

An accurate three-dimensional (3D) representation of heart wall motion would be an important means of evaluating cardiac function. To accomplish this, we have developed an interactive computer graphics system designed to enter the time-dependent 3D positions of bifurcations of the coronary arterial tree. These bifurcations are precise markers of the epicardial surface, and their motions accurately represent the motion of the underlying heart wall. We demonstrate techniques for calculating local wall motion, including displacement and velocity, for determining a time-dependent center-of-contraction point towards which the epicardium tends to move and for tracking the mechanical contraction wave using cross-correlation methods. We have applied these techniques to study seven patients with normal left ventriculograms and coronary arteriograms. We have found these methods to be generally applicable and to provide information not obtainable without 3D analysis.
Stimulation of subterritories of the subthalamic nucleus reveals its role in the integration of the emotional and motor aspects of behavior (2007)

Two parkinsonian patients who experienced transient hypomanic states when the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was stimulated during postoperative adjustment of the electrical parameters for antiparkinsonian therapy agreed to have the mood disorder reproduced, in conjunction with motor, cognitive, and behavioral evaluations and concomitant functional neuroimaging. During the experiment, STN stimulation again induced a hypomanic state concomitant with activation of cortical and thalamic regions known to process limbic and associative information. This observation suggests that the STN plays a role in the control of a complex behavior that includes emotional as well as cognitive and motor components. The localization of the four contacts of the quadripolar electrode was determined precisely with an interactive brain atlas. The results showed that (i) the hypomanic state was caused only by stimulation through one contact localized in the anteromedial STN; (ii) both this contact and the contact immediately dorsal to it improved the parkinsonian motor state; (iii) the most dorsal and ventral contacts, located at the boundaries of the STN, neither induced the behavioral disorder nor improved motor performance. Detailed analysis of these data led us to consider a model in which the three functional modalities, emotional, cognitive, and motor, are not processed in a segregated manner but can be subtly combined in the small volume of the STN. This nucleus would thus serve as a nexus that integrates the motor, cognitive, and emotional components of behavior and might consequently be an effective target for the treatment of behavioral disorders that combine emotional, cognitive, and motor impairment.
Synthesis and antigenic properties of reduced peptide bond pseudopeptide analogues of a histone H3 hexapeptide. (1995)

Pseudopeptide analogues of the C-terminal hexapeptide of histone H3 (-Ile-Arg-Gly-Glu-Arg-Ala-OH) were obtained by systematically replacing, in each analogue, one peptide bond at a time by a reduced peptide bond psi (CH2-NH). The resulting analogues were then examined, in ELISA and in the BIAcore system, for their ability to bind polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies generated against the parent natural peptide and the protein. The comparative results show that reduced bond pseudopeptide analogues can mimic the parent peptide. These results present the first unequivocal example for the potent applicability of reduced peptide bond pseudopeptides in the immunological field.
Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloys containing silicon (1972)

The magnetic properties of Fe-Cr-Co alloys as a function of the additional silicon content was studied. It was found that the magnetic properties depend on the compositions of the alloys and the best properties were obtained with an alloy of Fe-28wt%Cr-23wt%Co-1wt%Si. The energy product of this alloy attains 5.3 MGOe when it is step-tempered at low temperatures.
Model-based analysis of reflectance and fluorescence spectra for in vivo detection of cervical dysplasia and cancer (2008)

Development, validation, and implementation of an analytical model to extract biologically and diagnostically relevant parameters from measured cervical tissue reflectance and fluorescence spectra are presented. Monte Carlo simulations of tissue reflectance are used to determine the relative contribution of the signal from the epithelium and stroma. The results indicate that the clinical probe used collects a majority of its reflectance signal from the stroma; therefore, a one-layer analytical model of reflectance is used. Two analytical approaches to calculate reflectance spectra are compared to Monte Carlo simulations, and a diffusion theory-based model is implemented. The model is validated by fitting spectra generated from Monte Carlo simulations and comparing the input and output parameters. Median agreement between extracted optical properties and input parameters is 10.6%. The reflectance model is used together with an analytical model of tissue fluorescence to extract optical properties and fluorophore concentrations from 748 clinical measurements of cervical tissue. A diagnostic algorithm based on these extracted parameters is developed and evaluated using cross-validation. The sensitivity/specificity of this algorithm relative to the gold standard of histopathology per measurement are 8551%; this is comparable to accuracy reported in other studies of optical technologies for detection of cervical cancer and its precursors.
A novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein, tev, shares sequences with tat, env, and rev proteins (1990)

We have characterized a novel 28-kilodalton protein, p28tev, detected in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells. tev is recognized by both tat and rev monospecific antibodies. tev is initiated at the tat AUG and contains the first exon of tat at its amino terminus, a small portion of env in the middle, and the second exon of rev at its carboxy terminus. A cDNA clone producing tev was cloned and expressed in human cells. Sequence analysis revealed that the tev mRNA is generated by splicing to a novel exon located in the env region. This identifies a fourth class of multiply spliced human immunodeficiency virus mRNAs, produced in infected and transfected cells. tev is regulated during the virus life cycle similarly to the other regulatory proteins, tat, rev, and nef, and displays both tat and rev activities in functional assays. Since tev contains important functional domains of tat and rev and is produced very early after transfection, it may be an important regulator in the initial phase of virus expression. Another rev-related protein, p18(6)Drev, containing env and rev sequences, was characterized and was found not to have detectable rev activity.
Arrangement for the international joint research (2016)

You can get the answers for all the correspondences following when you watch the Video session; The previous correspondences are listed.Note: We decided the name of the committee by the founder members on the conference day, 18 July 2016. If you would like to join the study, please contact the administrator at takizawa (at) biophilia.biz.
Molecular characterization of proteolytic cleavage sites of the <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> effector AvrRpt2 (2005)

During infection of Arabidopsis thaliana, the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato delivers the effector protein AvrRpt2 into the plant cell cytosol. Within the plant cell, AvrRpt2 undergoes N-terminal processing and causes elimination of Arabidopsis RIN4. Previous work established that AvrRpt2 is a putative cysteine protease, and AvrRpt2 processing and RIN4 elimination require an intact predicted catalytic triad in that AvrRpt2. In this work, proteolytic events that depend on AvrRpt2 activity were characterized. The amino acid sequence surrounding the processing site of AvrRpt2 and two related sequences from RIN4 triggered Avr-Rpt2-dependent proteolytic cleavage of a synthetic substrate, demonstrating that these sequences are cleavage recognition sites for AvrRpt2 activity. Processing-deficient AvrRpt2 mutants were identified and shown to retain their ability to eliminate wild-type RIN4. Single amino acid substitutions were made in each of the two RIN4 cleavage sites, and mutation of both sites resulted in cleavage-resistant RIN4. Growth of Pseudomonas expressing AvrRpt2 was significantly higher than catalytically inactive mutants on Arabidopsis rin4/rps2 mutant plants, suggesting there are additional protein targets of AvrRpt2 that account for the virulence activity of this effector. Bioinformatics analysis identified putative Arabidopsis proteins containing sequences similar to the proteolytic cleavage sites conserved in AvrRpt2 and RIN4. Several of these proteins were eliminated in an AvrRpt2-dependent manner in a transient in planta expression system. These results identify amino acids important for AvrRpt2 substrate recognition and cleavage as well as demonstrate AvrRpt2 protease activity eliminates multiple Arabidopsis proteins in a transient expression system.
Code-Division Multiplex Encoding Analog Front End for Current-Mode Sensor Arrays (2018)

This letter presents a new approach for applying orthogonal code-division multiplex encoding to current-mode sensor arrays with analog-domain encoding directly in the column readout circuitry, which enables simultaneous readout for multiple sensors. The approach is applied to a 8 × 16 array of CMOS-integrated photodetectors and implemented in a general purpose 180-nm CMOS process. The sensor array demonstrates 63-dB signal-to-noise ratio with an array-wide sampling rate of 100 Hz with 16-channel encoding, an improvement of more than 12 dB compared with time-division multiplexing at the same sampling rate. The complete photodetector array consumes 5 mW total power. This letter represents the first reported code-division multiplexed sensing architecture with analog-encoding front end, and the orthogonal coding scheme is broadly applicable to electronic current-mode sensor arrays for physical, chemical, and biological sensing applications without requiring sensor input encoding.
Transformation Method to Control Shear Horizontal Waves (2015)

The transformation method is of great interest to control electromagnetic waves and acoustic waves in recent years, but it does not always work to manipulate elastic waves. In this paper, a detailed analysis of controlling the shear horizontal (SH) wave, which is a special form of elastic waves, is presented by employing the transformation method. Two scenarios of setting needed materials are provided, and the equivalence of them is proved theoretically. To reduce the complexity of required material parameters, the case of a changing out-of-plane coordinate is studied. The linear transformation method and the effective medium theory are introduced to control SH waves by using homogeneous and isotropic materials. Moreover, numerical simulations confirm the validity of this approach even in the cases of anisotropic and inhomogeneous background media, which are rarely investigated before. Finally, the multiple transformations method is proposed as a strategy of designing multi-domain and multi-function devices.
First degree heart block determination from speech analysis (2013)

The proposed work describes the method of determination of first degree heart block condition of a human heart from the speech analysis of the particular. In an Electrocardiogram (ECG), the PR interval represents the time taken for the depolarization to spread from the SA node to the ventricular muscle. If PR interval is found greater than 0.2s, first degree heart block or AV Block is detected in the heart. As Formant Frequency is the speech feature which represents the physiological and psychological condition of a human body. Formant analysis describes various heart parameters which are obtained through an ECG and so the detection of various heart diseases can be possible from speech analysis.
The Short- and Long-Term Benefit in Chronic Low Back Pain Through Adjuvant Electrical Versus Manual Auricular Acupuncture (2004)

Continuous electrical stimulation of auricular acupuncture points using the new point stimulation device P-stim significantly decreases pain intensity and improves psychological well-being, activity, and sleep in chronic low back pain patients.
System for rapid biohydrogen phenotypic screening of microorganisms using a chemochromic sensor (2023)

Provided is a system for identifying a hydrogen gas producing organism. The system includes a sensor film having a first layer comprising a transition metal oxide or oxysalt and a second layer comprising a hydrogen-dissociative catalyst metal, the first and second layers having an inner and an outer surface wherein the inner surface of the second layer is deposited on the outer surface of the first layer, and a substrate adjacent to the outer surface of the second layer, the organism isolated on the substrate.
Single-mode fiber technology in the subscriber loop environment (1987)

Because of their superior transmission characteristics, single-mode fibers (SMFs) are the transport medium of choice for future broadband-ISDN systems.1 The use of SMFs with their nearly unlimited bandwidth reduces the likelihood of premature obsolescence of the installed fiber plant and enables the definition of BISDN interface rates and channel structures which are based on close-to-optimum coding rates for extended quality and high-definition TV. As a result, subscriber interface rates of ~150 and 600 Mb/s are being considered for standardization in the T1 Standards Committee in the United States and in CCITT Study Group XVIII. Transmission rates in the range of several Gb/s are expected to be employed in the trunk and loop-feeder network to support the future broadband services (Fig. 1). The recently introduced synchronous optical network (SONET) concept advocating a family of standardized optical interface rates is intended to simplify the multiplex process, create compatible transmission equipment, and provide midspan compatibility.2
c-Kit triggers dual phosphorylations, which couple activation and degradation of the essential melanocyte factor Mi (2000)

Microphthalmia (Mi) is a bHLHZip transcription factor that is essential for melanocyte development and postnatal function. It is thought to regulate both differentiated features of melanocytes such as pigmentation as well as proliferation/survival, based on phenotypes of mutant mouse alleles. Mi activity is controlled by at least two signaling pathways. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) promotes transcription of the Mi gene through cAMP elevation, resulting in sustained Mi up-regulation over many hours. c-Kit signaling up-regulates Mi function through MAP kinase phosphorylation of Mi, thereby recruiting the p300 transcriptional coactivator. The current study reveals that c-Kit signaling triggers two phosphorylation events on Mi, which up-regulate transactivation potential yet simultaneously target Mi for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The specific activation/degradation signals derive from MAPK/ERK targeting of serine 73, whereas serine 409 serves as a substrate for p90 Rsk-1. An unphosphorylatable double mutant at these two residues is at once profoundly stable and transcriptionally inert. These c-Kit-induced phosphorylations couple transactivation to proteasome-mediated degradation. c-Kit signaling thus triggers short-lived Mi activation and net Mi degradation, in contrast to the profoundly increased Mi expression after MSH signaling, potentially explaining the functional diversity of this transcription factor in regulating proliferation, survival, and differentiation in melanocytes.
The growth of dislocation-free bicrystal silicon ribbon (1993)

High-quality Si bicrystal ribbons have been successfully grown, with multilayered micro-twins as seeds. With the boundary perpendicular to the main surface, along the pulling direction and dividing the surface into two equal parts, the Si ribbon grows horizontally. The ribbon has been shown to have excellent lattice perfection by several testing technologies. The ribbon growth mechanism and its potential technological application are also discussed.