gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static Magnetic Field Helmet for brain injury rehabilitation (2015)

This paper will focus on the development of a Static Magnetic Field (SMF) home-based device prototype and the initial clinical trial conditions for the fine-tuning and feasibility of such a device. The SMF Helmet will utilize static magnetic fields and will achieve a frequency component by reversing the fields regularly via mechanically flipping magnets. Optimal field intensity, positioning, and duration of stimulation will be assessed in voluntary, healthy-person clinical trials before being applied to larger-scale, blind trials to measure effectiveness towards stroke rehabilitation.
Analysis of Brillouin dynamic grating localized by intensity-modulated correlation-domain technique for distributed fiber sensing (2020)

We numerically analyzed reflection spectrum of Brillouin dynamic grating localized by intensity-modulated correlation-domain technique. Furthermore, based on the results, we proposed a novel modulation technique achieving better spatial resolution for distributed fiber sensing along a polarization-maintaining fiber.
High‐resolution FMRI at 1.5T using balanced SSFP (2005)

The resolution in conventional BOLD FMRI is considerably lower than can be achieved with other MRI methods, and is insufficient for many important applications. One major difficulty in robustly improving spatial resolution is the poor image quality in BOLD FMRI, which suffers from distortions, blurring, and signal dropout. This work considers the potential for increased resolution with a new FMRI method based on balanced SSFP. This method establishes a blood oxygenation sensitive steady-state (BOSS) signal, in which the frequency sensitivity of balanced SSFP is used to detect the frequency shift of deoxyhemoglobin. BOSS FMRI is highly SNR efficient and does not suffer from image distortions or signal dropout, making this method an excellent candidate for high-resolution FMRI. This study presents the first demonstration of high-resolution BOSS FMRI, using an efficient 3D stack-of-segmented EPI readout and combined acquisition at multiple center frequencies. BOSS FMRI is shown to enable high-resolution FMRI data (1 x 1 x 2 mm(3)) in both visual and motor systems using standard hardware at 1.5 T. Currently, the major limitation of BOSS FMRI is its sensitivity to temporal and spatial field drift.
Gene Replacement in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> with Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase as Selectable Marker (1993)

A system for stable transformation of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites was developed that exploited the susceptibility of Toxoplasma to chloramphenicol. Introduction of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene fused to Toxoplasma flanking sequences followed by chloramphenicol selection resulted in parasites stably expressing CAT. A construct incorporating the tandemly repeated gene, B1, targeted efficiently to its homologous chromosomal locus. Knockout of the single-copy gene, ROP1, was also successful. Stable transformation should permit the identification and analysis of Toxoplasma genes important in the interaction of this opportunistic parasite with its host.
Characterization of the spontaneous mutant FSC043 of Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis (2011)

Resistance to cyclodiene insecticides, documented in at least 277 species, is perhaps the most common kind of resistance to any pesticide. By using cyclodiene resistance to localize the responsible gene, a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor/chloride ion-channel gene was previously cloned and sequenced from an insecticide-susceptible Drosophila melanogaster strain. We now describe the molecular genetics of the resistance allele. A single-base-pair mutation, causing a single-amino acid substitution (Ala-->Ser) within the second membrane-spanning region of the channel, was found to be the only consistent difference between resistant and susceptible strains of D. melanogaster. Some resistant strains of Drosophila simulans show the same mutation, whereas others show an alternative single-base-pair mutation in the same codon, resulting in the substitution of a different amino acid (glycine). These constitute single-box-pair mutations in insects that confer high levels of resistance to insecticides. The presence of the resistance mutations was then tested in a much larger set of strains by the PCR and subsequent digestion with a diagnostic restriction endonuclease. Both resistance-associated mutations cause the loss of a Hae II site. This site was invariably present in 122 susceptible strains but absent in 58 resistant lines of the two species sampled from five continents. PCR/restriction endonuclease treatment was also used to examine linkage of an EcoRI polymorphism in a neighboring intron in D. melanogaster, which was found associated with resistance in all but 3 of 48 strains examined. These PCR-based techniques are widely applicable to examination of the uniqueness of different resistance alleles in widespread populations, the identification of resistance mechanisms in different species, and the determination of resistance frequencies in monitoring.
Hearing aid to be worn behind the ear having battery and volume control facing in opposite directions (1989)

First Page
564 Potency-reduced and extended half-life IL12 heterodimeric Fc-fusions exhibit strong anti-tumor activity with potentially improved therapeutic index compared to native IL12 agents (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Interleukin-12 (IL12) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated antigen-presenting cells that induces differentiation of Th1 cells and increased proliferation and cytotoxicity of T and NK cells. Stimulation of these cells by IL12 leads to production of high levels of IFNγ. These immune-stimulating aspects of IL12 may help to establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment critical for anti-tumor responses. Preclinical studies in mice revealed that native IL12 can dramatically shrink syngeneic tumors, however clinical studies in humans resulted in severe toxicity and a small therapeutic window, limiting response rates. Prior work at Xencor demonstrated that reduced-potency IL15/IL15Rα-Fc fusion proteins exhibited superior pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in non-human primates through reduction of receptor-mediated clearance. Applying similar principles to IL12, we created IL12 heterodimeric Fc-fusions (IL12-Fc) with reduced potency to improve tolerability, slow receptor-mediated clearance, and extend half-life. <h3>Methods</h3> IL12 is a heterodimeric protein consisting of two subunits, so we engineered IL12-Fc fusions by fusing the IL12p35 subunit to one side of a heterodimeric (and inactive) Fc domain, and the IL12p40 subunit to the other side. These Fc-fusions were tuned for optimal activity by introducing amino acid substitutions at putative receptor-interface positions and screening for reductions of in vitro potency. In vitro activity was assessed on human PBMCs by measuring signaling in a STAT4 phosphorylation assay and IFNγ production in a mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In vivo anti-tumor activity was assessed by engrafting MCF-7 cells into PBMC engrafted NSG MHC class I and II double-knockout mice and by measuring tumor volume, lymphocyte activation/proliferation, and IFNγ production over time. <h3>Results</h3> IL12-Fc were produced with good yield and purity. An IL12-Fc potency series was created, and variants had up to a 10,000-fold reduction in STAT4 signaling potency and IFNγ production in an MLR assay compared to native IL12-Fc. Anti-tumor activity in the huPBMC-MCF7 model was achieved with potency-reduced IL12-Fc as a single-agent and in combination with anti-PD1, with weaker variants maintaining anti-tumor activity at higher dose levels. Analysis of peripheral lymphocytes indicated increased numbers of T and NK cells as well as activation of CD8+ T cells, as evidenced by upregulation of CD25. Increased expression of immune checkpoints including PD1 was also observed. Analysis of serum indicated up to 200-fold increases in IFNγ levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Combined, these data indicate that potency-reduced IL12-Fc retain strong anti-tumor activity, while potentially overcoming safety and tolerability issues related to small therapeutic index associated with recombinant native IL12 or IL12-Fc agents.
Repair of oxidation protection coatings on carbon-carbon using preceramic polymers (1991)

The paper describes a field-applicable technique for the repair of damage to SiC protective coatings on carbon/carbon composites, using commercial preceramic polymers, such as perhydropolysilazane developed by the Southwest Research Institute and several commercial polymers (NICALON, PS110, PS116, PS117, NCP-200, and PHPS were tested). After being applied on the damaged panel and oxidized at 1400 C, these polymers form either SiC or Si3N4 (or a mixture of both). It was found that impact damaged carbon/carbon specimens repaired with perhydropolysilazane exhibit substantial oxidation resistance. Many of the other tested preceramic polymer were found to be unsuitable for the purpose of repair due to either low ceramic yield, foaming, or intumescence.
Generation of monodisperse gel emulsions in a microfluidic device (2006)

We demonstrate that high dispersed phase volume fraction emulsions (i.e., gel emulsions) can be prepared in situ for microfluidic applications. Previously, the production of gel-like emulsions in microfluidic devices, where the droplet size is less than the length-scale of the channel, required multistep splitting of larger droplets in a branched microchannel network. Instead, we employ an abrupt change in the aspect ratio of a single microchannel to rapidly destabilize a confined coflowing stream, forming highly monodisperse droplets (coefficient of variance &lt;1.5%). Using this emulsification mechanism, gel emulsions can be prepared in a single production step.
Discovery of Two Novel Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Proteins Required for the Assembly of an Active [Fe] Hydrogenase (2004)

To identify genes necessary for the photoproduction of H 2 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, random insertional mutants were screened for clones unable to produce H 2 . One of the identified mutants, denoted hy-dEF-1, is incapable of assembling an active [Fe] hydrogenase. Although the hydEF-1 mutant transcribes both hydrogenase genes and accumulates full-length hydrogenase protein, H 2 production activity is not observed. The HydEF protein contains two unique domains that are homologous to two distinct prokaryotic proteins, HydE and HydF, which are found exclusively in organisms containing [Fe] hydrogenase. In the C. reinhardtii genome, the HydEF gene is adjacent to another hydrogenase-related gene, HydG. All organisms with [Fe] hydrogenase and sequenced genomes contain homologues of HydE, HydF, and HydG, which, prior to this study, were of unknown function. Within several prokaryotic genomes HydE, HydF, and HydG are found in putative operons with [Fe] hydrogenase structural genes. Both HydE and HydG belong to the emerging radical S-adenosylmethionine (commonly designated "Radical SAM") superfamily of proteins. We demonstrate here that HydEF and HydG function in the assembly of [Fe] hydrogenase. Northern blot analysis indicates that mRNA transcripts for both the HydEF gene and the HydG gene are anaerobically induced concomitantly with the two C. reinhardtii [Fe] hydrogenase genes, HydA1 and HydA2. Complementation of the bx;1C. reinhardtii hydEF-1 mutant with genomic DNA corresponding to a functional copy of the HydEF gene restores hydrogenase activity. Moreover, co-expression of the C. reinhardtii HydEF, HydG, and HydA1 genes in Escherichia coli results in the formation of an active HydA1 enzyme. This represents the first report on the nature of the accessory genes required for the maturation of an active [Fe] hydrogenase.
Toward Automated Spatial Change Analysis of MEP Components Using 3D Point Clouds and As-Designed BIM Models (2014)

The architectural, engineering, construction and facilities management (AEC-FM) industry is going through a transformative phase by adapting new technologies and tools into its change management practices. AEC-FM Industry has adopted Building Information Modeling (BIM) and three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technologies in tracking changes in the whole lifecycle of building and infrastructure projects, from planning to design and construction, and finally to facilities management. One of the challenges of using these technologies in change management is the difficulties of reliably detecting changes of densely located objects, such as Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) objects in building systems. This paper presents a novel relational-graph-based framework for automated spatial change analysis of MEP components. This framework extract objects and spatial relationships from 3D laser scanned point clouds, and use relational structures of objects in data and designed BIM models for fusing 3D data and as-designed BIM. The authors validated the proposed change analysis approach using data acquired from real building construction sites.
Use of Procalcitonin for the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Patients Presenting with a Chief Complaint of Dyspnoea: Results from the BACH (Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure) Trial (2012)

Procalcitonin may aid in the diagnosis of pneumonia, particularly in cases with high diagnostic uncertainty. Importantly, PCT may aid in the decision to administer antibiotic therapy to patients presenting with AHF in which clinical uncertainty exists regarding a superimposed bacterial infection.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Supported Glutathione: A Conceptually Sustainable Organocatalyst. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An evaluation of objective measures for intelligibility prediction of time-frequency weighted noisy speech (2011)

Existing objective speech-intelligibility measures are suitable for several types of degradation, however, it turns out that they are less appropriate in cases where noisy speech is processed by a time-frequency weighting. To this end, an extensive evaluation is presented of objective measure for intelligibility prediction of noisy speech processed with a technique called ideal time frequency (TF) segregation. In total 17 measures are evaluated, including four advanced speech-intelligibility measures (CSII, CSTI, NSEC, DAU), the advanced speech-quality measure (PESQ), and several frame-based measures (e.g., SSNR). Furthermore, several additional measures are proposed. The study comprised a total number of 168 different TF-weightings, including unprocessed noisy speech. Out of all measures, the proposed frame-based measure MCC gave the best results (ρ = 0.93). An additional experiment shows that the good performing measures in this study also show high correlation with the intelligibility of single-channel noise reduced speech.
An Antibody Targeting the Type I Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Enhances the Castration-Induced Response in Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer (2007)

This study shows that the inhibition of IGF-IR enhances the effects of castration in prostate cancer. These effects are associated with a decrease in AR signaling and nuclear AR localization, and recurrence is associated with an increase in AR-regulated gene expression.
Synthesis of <scp>D</scp>‐Desosamine and Analogs by Rapid Assembly of 3‐Amino Sugars (2015)

D-Desosamine is synthesized in 4 steps from methyl vinyl ketone and sodium nitrite. The key step in this chromatography-free synthesis is the coupling of (R)-4-nitro-2-butanol and glyoxal (trimeric form) mediated by cesium carbonate, which affords in crystalline form 3-nitro-3,4,6-trideoxy-α-D-glucose, a nitro sugar stereochemically homologous to D-desosamine. This strategy has enabled the syntheses of an array of analogous 3-nitro sugars. In each case the 3-nitro sugars are obtained in pure form by crystallization.
Novel Pyrazole Phenyl Ether Herbicides (1992)

From a recently discovered new pyrazole derivative and its known regioisomer, two classes of novel, regioisomeric pyrazole phenyl ethers (phenoxypyrazoles) were synthesized. Structure/activity studies of sets of the two isomeric phenoxypyrazoles showed that 3-phenoxypyrazoles, generally, are orders of magnitude more active as herbicides than are the corresponding 5-phenoxypyrazoles. Within the class of 3-phenoxypyrazoles the nature of the substituents on the pyrazole and phenyl moieties determined herbicide activity, crop selectivity, weed spectrum and field performance.
Evaluation of Parallel-Element, Variable-Impedance, Broadband Acoustic Liner Concepts (2012)

Recent trends in aircraft engine design have highlighted the need for acoustic liners that provide broadband sound absorption with reduced liner thickness. Three such liner concepts are evaluated using the NASA normal incidence tube. Two concepts employ additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate liners with variable chamber depths. The first relies on scrubbing losses within narrow chambers to provide acoustic resistance necessary for sound absorption. The second employs wide chambers that provide minimal resistance, and relies on a perforated sheet to provide acoustic resistance. The variable-depth chambers used in both concepts result in reactance spectra near zero. The third liner concept employs mesh-caps (resistive sheets) embedded at variable depths within adjacent honeycomb chambers to achieve a desired impedance spectrum. Each of these liner concepts is suitable for use as a broadband sound absorber design, and a transmission line model is presented that provides good comparison with their respective acoustic impedance spectra. This model can therefore be used to design acoustic liners to accurately achieve selected impedance spectra. Finally, the effects of increasing the perforated facesheet thickness are demonstrated, and the validity of prediction models based on lumped element and wave propagation approaches is investigated. The lumped element model compares favorably with measured results for liners with thin facesheets, but the wave propagation model provides good comparisons for a wide range of facesheet thicknesses.
Functional debugging of equation-based languages (2014)

Functional debugging of equation-based languages visualizes states and variables of a running simulation through a functional model to create an implementation independent understanding of a cyber-physical process. The functional debugging architecture includes three components: a functional editor, a synthesizer, and a simulation runtime. Functional editing is performed in a visual programming environment to author a functional model of the system under design. A simulation synthesizer applies the functional model to generate a corresponding simulation model and generates a mapping model that associates the one or more functions with one or more executable simulation components. The simulation model using the one or more executable simulation components is executed to calculate a dynamic behavior of the system under design.
CALCIUM BIOAVAILABILITY FROM CALCIUM CARBONATE ANDCALCIUM CITRATE (1985)

Fourteen normal subjects took 1000 mg calcium orally as calcium citrate or calcium carbonate. The amount of calcium absorbed was estimated from the rise in urinary calcium. The urinary calcium following calcium citrate load significantly higher (by 20-66%), whether expressed as the total amount or as the increment above basal (fasting) excretion. Thus, calcium citrate provides a more optimum calcium bioavailability than calcium carbonate.
Dehalorespiration with Polychlorinated Biphenyls by an Anaerobic Ultramicrobacterium (2008)

Anaerobic microbial dechlorination is an important step in the detoxification and elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but a microorganism capable of coupling its growth to PCB dechlorination has not been isolated. Here we describe the isolation from sediment of an ultramicrobacterium, strain DF-1, which is capable of dechlorinating PCBs containing double-flanked chlorines added as single congeners or as Aroclor 1260 in contaminated soil. The isolate requires Desulfovibrio spp. in coculture or cell extract for growth on hydrogen and PCB in mineral medium. This is the first microorganism in pure culture demonstrated to grow by dehalorespiration with PCBs and the first isolate shown to dechlorinate weathered commercial mixtures of PCBs in historically contaminated sediments. The ability of this isolate to grow on PCBs in contaminated sediments represents a significant breakthrough for the development of in situ treatment strategies for this class of persistent organic pollutants.
Primary structure of rat thymus prothymosin alpha. (1985)

The primary structure of prothymosin alpha from rat thymus, containing 113 amino acid residues, is reported as follows: (formula; see text) The sequence of the first 28 amino acids at the NH2 terminus is identical to that of calf thymosin alpha 1. The dicarboxylic amino acids, which account for nearly half of the total residues in prothymosin alpha, are largely clustered in the central portion of the polypeptide chain. The polypeptide contains no aromatic or sulfur-containing amino acids. A computer analysis of the three-dimensional structure based on the primary sequence suggests that the molecule is composed of at least five alpha-helical regions interrupted by one short extended chain and three short random coils.
Tritium Removal and Separation Technology Developments (2008)

AbstractRecent increased interest from regulators and the public has led more organizations to consider the environmental impact and safety considerations of tritium handling. Examples include the significance of the tritium isotope separation system on ITER licensing, remediation of ground water from power utilities and government facilities and concerns of high tritium concentrations within operational CANDU reactors.GE Healthcare, formerly Amersham plc, has been producing tritium-labelled chemicals since the late 1940s. GE's manufacturing site located near Cardiff, UK has installed a tritium waste treatment and enrichment facility to radically reduce tritium discharges to the environment. This facility employs a continuous processing plant that recovers tritium from a complex mixture of tritiated organic and aqueous waste compounds. Two isotope separation techniques are used to achieve a final pure tritium product, which is used in the manufacturing of labelled compounds.Building upon this experience, together with Special Separations Applications Inc. (SSAI), GE has developed a large-scale diffusion-based isotope separation process as an alternative to conventional cryogenic distillation. Having a tritium inventory an order of magnitude lower than conventional cryogenic distillation, this process is attractive for heavy water detritiation, applicable to single and multi-unit CANDU reactors and research reactors as well as fusion applications. Additionally, the new process has advantages of being cryogen-free, less complex, simple to operate and having improved conventional and radiological safety.
A 1-V 2.5-mW 5.2-GHz frequency divider in a 0.35-μm CMOS process (2003)

A 1-V high-speed dynamic frequency divider using a common-gate topology is proposed. A simple and accurate small-signal analysis model is provided to estimate the operating frequencies. Implemented in a standard 0.35-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process and at 1-V supply, the proposed frequency divider measures an operating frequency up to 5.2 GHz at a power consumption of 2.5 mW.