gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of permeation and separation of aqueous alcoholic solutions with chitosan derivative membranes (1993)

Abstract Permeation and separation characteristics for the feed vapours from aqueous alcoholic solutions through chitosan derivative membranes such as chitosan acetate (GA‐ChitoA), chitosan (GA‐Chito), and carboxymethyl chitosan acetate (GA‐CM‐ChitoA) membrane crosslinked with glutaraldehyde were investigated by evapomeation. The GA‐Chito and GA‐CM‐ChitoA membranes prepared from casting solutions containing an optimum amount of glutaraldehyde showed a high permeation rate and high water permselectivity for an azeotropic composition in an aqueous ethanol solution. The permselectivity for water through the GA‐CM‐ChitoA membrane in evapomeation was in the order of aqueous solutions of methanol < ethanol < 1‐propanol. The effect of the chemical and physical structure of these hydrophilic membranes on the permeation and separation characteristics is discussed.
An Energy Efficient Cluster-Based Local Multi-hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

다수의 센서로 구성된 무선 센서 네트워크는 다양한 환경에서의 정보수집을 목적으로 하며 현재 다양한 분야에 응용 및 활용이 되고 있다. 센서 네트워크를 구성하는 각 센서 노드들은 한정된 전력의 배터리로 동작하므로 에너지 효율성 및 장시간의 네트워크 수명을 제공하는 것이 센서 네트워크의 중요한 연구 목표 중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크의 에너지 효율성을 향상 시키고 데이터 신뢰성을 보장하기 위해 새로운 클러스터 기반의 지역 멀티홉 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 프로토콜은 클러스터 내의 멀티홉 형성으로 센서 노드들의 데이터 전송을 위한 에너지 소비를 최소화하며 지역 클러스터 헤드 순환 기법을 통해 기존 클러스터링 기법에서 빈번한 클러스터 구성으로 인한 에너지 낭비를 효율적으로 관리한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 기존에 제안되었던 LEACH, LEACH-C, PEACH와 비교해 전체 노드의 에너지 소모를 균등하게 하여 에너지 효율성을 향상시키고 네트워크 수명을 연장하였음을 확인하였다. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consisting of a largenumber of sensors aims to gather data in a variety of environments and is beingused and applied in many different fields. The sensor nodes composing a sensornetwork operate on battery of limited power and as a result, high energyefficiency and long network lifetime are major goals of research in the WSN. Inthis paper we propose a novel cluster-based local multi-hop routing protocolthat enhances the overall energy efficiency and guarantees reliability in thesystem. The proposed protocol minimizes energy consumption for datatransmission among sensor nodes by forming a multi-hop in the cluster.Moreover, through local cluster head rotation scheme, it efficiently manageswaste of energy caused by frequent formation of clusters which was an issue inthe existing methods. Simulation results show that our scheme enhances energyefficiency and ensure longer network time in the sensor network as comparedwith existing schemes such as LEACH, LEACH-C and PEACH.
Visualizing Reality in an Augmented Virtual Environment (2004)

An Augmented Virtual Environment (AVE) fuses dynamic imagery with 3D models. An AVE provides a unique approach to visualizing spatial relationships and temporal events that occur in real-world environments. A geometric scene model provides a 3D substrate for the visualization of multiple image sequences gathered by fixed or moving image sensors. The resulting visualization is that of a world-in-miniature that depicts the corresponding real-world scene and dynamic activities. This paper describes the core elements of an AVE system, including static and dynamic model construction, sensor tracking, and image projection for 3D visualization.
Personal Distributed Exposimeter for Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Assessment (2013)

A personal distributed exposimeter (PDE) consisting of 3 radio frequency (RF) acquisition nodes is constructed using textile antennas and wearable electronics.Numerical simulations are used to design the PDE.Calibration measurements at 950 MHz, using a human subject, are performed in an anechoic chamber.Compared to conventional exposimeters, which only measure in 1 position on the body, an excellent 95% confidence interval of 7 dB on measured power (densities) and isotropy of 0.5 dB are measured.
Reliability of power GaAs field-effect transistors (1979)

A preliminary report on a comprehensive study of the reliability of power GaAs FETs is presented, concerning the catastrophic burn-out failure and gradual degradation failure. The samples used are all 6-mm-wide devices with a nominal gate length of 2 micrometers. The life tests have been carried out at elevated channel temperatures of 250°C, 210°C, and 175°C, simultaneously, with samples of 16, 56, and 140, respectively, under dc bias conditions of 14-V drain-source voltage and 0.55-A drain current in all cases. Since the initiation of this program, none of the above 212 devices has burned out for a total of 730,000 device-hours at the time of this writing. Therefore, the failure rate at normal operational temperature can be predicted under various assumptions. An extremely slow degradation in the electrical parameters has been observed with the 250°C and 210°C tests. At the 175°C, no detectable deterioration has taken place so far. Using a new technique the gradual degradation symptom has been analyzed and possible mechanisms are pointed out. In addition, thermally accelerated life tests with a 4-GHz input of 0.63W have shown aging results comparable to those of the dc-bias-only cases.
Abstract C106: Discovery and characterization of INCB024360, a potent and selective inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) as a novel agent for cancer immunotherapy (2009)

Abstract Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO or IDO1) mediates the oxidation of tryptophan, an amino acid essential for cell proliferation and survival. Inhibition of IDO activity or expression has shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models of immunodeficiency-associated abnormalities including cancer. Here we report the identification of INCB024360, a novel, potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of IDO1, and the investigation of its effects on the proliferation and activation of various immune cells in vitro as well as its anti-tumor activity in preclinical tumor models. In multiple cell-based assays, INCB024360 potently inhibits human IDO1 with an IC50 of approximately 10 nM - the most potent IDO1 inhibitor published thus far. INCB024360 is IDO1 selective and has little activity against other related enzymes including IDO2, TDO or tryptophan transporters. In co-culture systems of human allogeneic lymphocytes with either dendritic cells or tumor cells, inhibition of IDO1 by INCB024360 increases the proliferation of T and NK cells, as well as IFN- production. INCB024360 addition also reduces the generation of regulatory T cells. Interestingly, IDO1 expression promotes dendritic cell apoptosis while addition of INCB024360 reverses this and increases the number of CD86high cells within the IDO+ DC population, potentially representing a novel mechanism by which IDO1 inhibition can promote T cell activation. In vivo, INCB024360 inhibits tryptophan catabolism in tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes and controls tumor growth either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in multiple tumor models. The ability to reduce tumor growth is dependent on a functional immune system, consistent with the proposed mechanism of action. Finally, an analysis of kynurenine/tryptophan levels in patient blood samples affirms that the IDO activity is elevated in multiple tumor types. Collectively, these data suggest that INCB024360, a potent IDO1 selective inhibitor, has the potential to be a novel and effective immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C106.
Site-Specific Orthogonal Labeling of the Carboxy Terminus of α-Tubulin (2010)

A fluorescent probe has been attached to the carboxy terminus of the alpha-subunit of alpha,beta-tubulin by an enzymatic reaction followed by a chemical reaction. The unnatural amino acid 3-formyltyrosine is attached to the carboxy terminus of alpha-tubulin through the use of the enzyme tubulin tyrosine ligase. The aromatic aldehyde of the unnatural amino acid serves as an orthogonal electrophile that specifically reacts with a fluorophore containing an aromatic hydrazine functional group, which in this case is 7-hydrazino-4-methyl coumarin. Conditions for covalent bond formation between the unnatural amino acid and the fluorophore are mild, allowing fluorescently labeled tubulin to retain its ability to assemble into microtubules. A key feature of the labeling reaction is that it produces a red shift in the fluorophore's absorption and emission maxima, accompanied by an increase in its quantum yield; thus, fluorescently labeled protein can be observed in the presence of unreacted fluorophore. Both the enzymatic and coupling reaction can occur in living cells. The approach presented here should be applicable to a wide variety of in vitro systems.
Robust, real-time people tracking in open environments using integrated stereo, color, and face detection (2002)

We present approach to robust real-time person tracking in crowded and/or unknown environments using multimodal integration. We combine stereo, color, and face detection modules into a single robust system, and show an initial application for an interactive display where the user sees his face distorted into various comic poses in real-time. Stereo processing is used to isolate the figure of a user from other objects and people in the background. Skin-hue classification identifies and tracks likely body parts within the foreground region, and face pattern detection discriminates and localizes the face within the tracked body parts. We discuss the failure modes of these individual components, and report results with the complete system in trials with thousands of users.
Interaction of papillomaviruses with the cell surface (1994)

To initiate an investigation of the initial step in papillomavirus infection, we have examined the interaction of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) virions with C127 cells by two assays, binding of radioiodinated BPV virions to cell monolayers and BPV-induced focal transformation. Under physiological conditions, the labeled virions bound to the cell surface in a dose-dependent manner within 1 h. Antibody studies indicated that the interaction was specific and related to infectivity: polyclonal sera raised to BPV virions or to baculovirus-expressed BPV L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) inhibited BPV binding and focal transformation, while sera to denatured BPV virions, to denatured BPV L1, or to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) VLPs were not inhibitory. An exception was that antisera to BPV L2 were neutralizing but did not inhibit binding. Unlabeled BPV virions and BPV VLPs competed with binding to the cell surface in a concentration-dependent manner. Binding to the cell surface appeared to depend primarily on L1, since BPV VLPs composed of L1 alone or of L1/L2 were equally effective in inhibiting binding and focal transformation. VLPs of HPV-16 also inhibited BPV binding and BPV transformation of C127 cells, suggesting that they interact with the same cell surface molecule(s) as BPV virions. Radiolabeled BPV bound specifically to several mammalian cell lines of fibroblastic and epithelial origin, as well as to a human schwannoma and melanoma lines, although some lines bound up to 10 times as many counts as others. Radiolabeled HPV-16 VLPs bound to both human keratinocytes and mouse C127 cells. The results suggest that papillomaviruses bind a widely expressed and evolutionarily conserved cell surface receptor.
A heteroassociative memory using current-mode MOS analog VLSI circuits (1989)

A description is given of a scalable architecture for the implementation of neural networks that produces regular and dense designs. A combination of low power consumption and enhanced performance is achieved by using analog current-mode MOS circuits operating in subthreshold conduction. The authors have designed and fabricated a bidirectional associative memory in 3- mu m bulk CMOS. The chip has 46 neurons arranged in three layers, namely, a hidden layer and two input/output layers. There are 448 repeatedly programmable connections. This chip performs two-way associative search for stored vector pairs and has optimal storage efficiency of one hardware bit per information bit. The synaptic elements have bipolar current outputs. These currents are integrated using the interconnect capacitance to determine the activation of the thresholding neurons. The unit synaptic current I/sub u/ is externally programmable. Recall rates of 100000 vectors per second have been obtained with I/sub u/=0.5 mu A.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Practical in situ Generation of the Schwartz Reagent. Reduction of Tertiary Amides to Aldehydes and Hydrozirconation (2013)

A new, highly efficient in situ protocol (Cp2ZrCl2/LiAlH(OBu-t)3) is described for the generation of the Schwartz reagent which provides a convenient method for the amide to aldehyde reduction and the regioselective hydrozirconation-iodination of alkynes and alkenes. Highlighted are chemoselective reductions of benzamides derived by directed ortho metalation (DoM) chemistry, allowing the synthesis of valuable 1,2,3-substituted benzaldehydes. The single-step, three-component process proceeds in a very short reaction time, shows excellent functional group compatibility, and uses inexpensive and long-storage stable reducing reagents.
Article clipper (2011)

Many people use the Web as the main source of information in their daily lives. However, most web pages contain non-informative components such as side bars, footers, headers, and advertisements, which are undesirable for certain applications like printing. We demonstrate a system that automatically extracts the informative contents from news- and blog-like web pages. In contrast to many existing methods that are limited to identifying only the text or the bounding rectangular region, our system not only identifies the content but also the structural roles of various content components such as title, paragraphs, images and captions. The structural information enables re-layout of the content in a pleasing way. Besides the article text extraction, our system includes the following components: 1) print-link detection to identify the URL link for printing, and to use it for more reliable analysis and recognition; 2) title detection incorporating both visual cues and HTML tags; 3) image and caption detection utilizing extensive visual cues; 4) multiple-page and next page URL detection. The performance of our system has been thoroughly evaluated using a human labeled ground truth dataset consisting of 2000 web pages from 100 major web sites. We show accurate results using such a dataset.
Synthesis and Purification of Oligonucleotide N3′→P5′ Phosphoramidates and their Phosphodiester and Phosphorothioate Chimeras (2000)

This unit describes the synthesis and purification of oligonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates, wherein each 3'-oxygen is replaced by a 3'-amine in the 2'-deoxyribose ring. The synthesis of required monomers and application of the method to preparation of phosphodiester- and phosphorothioate-containing chimera of phosphoramidate is also reported.
Modeling with spatial patches (2003)

Spatial patches have been introduced (Ivanov and Kuzmin, 2001) as an alternative primitive for the representation of 3D objects potentially acquired from real life. Defined as range images of small regions of an object's surface, they have proven to allow for efficient storage and rendering of such surfaces, and they also exhibit great descriptive capabilities. We present several technologies that we have developed for generating 3D objects represented by spatial patches. These technologies allowed us to convert explicitly defined surfaces, textured polygonal meshes, range images and point clouds to the proposed representation. We also describe how advantageous properties of the new primitive are exploited for efficient reconstruction from range images, discuss the particular problems that we faced during our research, provide many examples to demonstrate the results that we achieved, and conclude with discussion of future work.
Finite element analysis of the piezoelectric vibrations of quartz plate resonators with higher-order plate theory (2002)

A finite element formulation of the vibrations of piezoelectric quartz resonators based on Mindlin plate theory is derived. The higher-order plate theory is employed for the development of a collection of successively higher-order plate elements which can be effective for a broad frequency range including the fundamental and overtone modes of thickness-shear vibrations. The presence of electrodes is also considered for its mechanical effects. The mechanical displacements and electric potential are combined into a generalized displacement field, and the subsequent derivations are carried out with all the generalized equations. Through standard finite element procedure, the vibration frequency and vibration mode shapes including the electric potential distribution are obtained. The frequency spectra is compared with some well-known experimental results with good agreement. Our previous experience with finite element analysis of high frequency quartz plate vibrations leads us to believe that memory and computing time will always remain as key issues despite the advances in computers. Hence, the use of sparse matrix techniques, efficient eigenvalue solvers, and other reduction procedures are explored.
High precision geometrical characterization and alignment of miniaturized optics (2012)

Miniaturized optical systems like endoscopy or cell phone lenses systems comprise several optical elements like lenses, doublets and plane optics. To receive a good imaging quality the distances and angles between the different optical elements have to be as accurate as possible. In the first step we will describe how the distances and angles between different elements can be monitored and finally we will describe a technique to actively align small optics (diameter approx. 1mm and smaller) with respect to each other. For the measurement electronic autocollimators combined with white-light-interferometers are used. The electronic autocollimator reveals the exact centration errors between optical elements and the low coherence interferometer reveals the distances between surfaces. The accuracy of the centration error measurement is in the range of 0.1μm and the accuracy of the distance measurement is 1μm. Both methods can be applied to assembled multi-element optics. That means geometrical positions of all single surfaces of the final optical system can be analysed without loss of information. Both measurement techniques complement one another. Once the exact x,y,z - Position of each optical surface and element is known computer controlled actuators will be used to improve the alignment of the optics. For this purpose we use piezo-electric-actuators. This method had been applied to cement e.g. doublets for endoscope optics. In this case the optical axis of one lens has been aligned with respect to the optical axis of a second reference lens. Traditional techniques usually rely on an uncertain mechanical reference.
Long-term maintenance of peripheral blood derived human NK cells in a novel human IL-15- transgenic NOG mouse (2017)

We generated a novel mouse strain expressing transgenic human interleukin-15 (IL-15) using the severe immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid-IL-2Rγ <sup>null</sup> (NOG) mouse genetic background (NOG-IL-15 Tg). Human natural killer (NK) cells, purified from the peripheral blood (hu-PB-NK) of normal healthy donors, proliferated when transferred into NOG-IL-15 Tg mice. In addition, the cell number increased, and the hu-PB-NK cells persisted for 3 months without signs of xenogeneic graft versus host diseases (xGVHD). These in vivo-expanded hu-PB-NK cells maintained the original expression patterns of various surface antigens, including NK receptors and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) molecules. They also contained significant amounts of granzyme A and perforin. Inoculation of K562 leukemia cells into hu-PB-NK-transplanted NOG-IL-15 Tg mice resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth compared with non-transplanted mice. Furthermore, NOG-IL-15 Tg mice allowed for engraftment of in vitro-expanded NK cells prepared for clinical cell therapy. These cells exerted antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) on Her2-positive gastric cancer cells in the presence of therapeutic anti-Her2 antibody, and subsequently suppressed tumor growth. Our results collectively suggest that the NOG-IL-15 Tg mice are a useful model for studying human NK biology and evaluating human NK cell-mediated in vivo cytotoxicity.
Determination of the Complex Residual Error Parameters of a Calibrated One-Port Vector Network Analyzer (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A novel approach for the determination of the complex residual error parameters of a calibrated one-port vector network analyzer (VNA) is proposed. The method is based on a single-reflection measurement employing a high-precision airline terminated by a short. The complex-valued residual directivity and source match are extracted over the entire measured frequency range by applying a sophisticated data analysis scheme utilizing low-pass filtering and linear prediction. By including an additional reflection measurement of the utilized short, the method allows the residual reflection tracking to be evaluated. Based on numerical simulations, advisable settings of method parameters are determined. In addition to the verification of the VNA calibration, the complex residual error parameters can be used for a second-order correction of the measured data. The significant enhancement of accuracy, which can be achieved this way, is demonstrated for standard calibrations by comparing the second-order corrected reflection data with results obtained from the well-established cross-ratio (quarter-wave) method. </para>
Rapid angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry measurements (2005)

We have developed a novel angle-resolved low coherence interferometry scheme for rapid measurement of depth-resolved angular scattering distributions. These measurements enable the determination of scatterer size via elastic scattering properties. The scheme uses spectral domain measurements where the mixed signal and reference fields are dispersed by an imaging spectrograph to achieve depth-resolved measurements upon Fourier transform of the spectral data. Angle-resolved measurements are obtained by locating the spectrograph slit in a Fourier transform plane of the scattering sample. We discuss the theoretical basis for the measurements and demonstrate the capabilities of the new technique by recording the distribution of light scattered by polystyrene microspheres. The important features of the system include the ability to detect sub-surface scattering distributions and rapid data acquisition with the entire scattering distribution recorded in 40 milliseconds. The data are used to determine the microsphere size with good accuracy. Potential application of the technique to measuring cell nuclei size in living epithelial tissues is discussed.