gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local two-channel critically sampled filter-banks on graphs (2010)

In this paper, we propose two-channel filter-bank designs for signals defined on arbitrary graphs. These filter-banks are local, invertible and critically sampled. Depending on the chosen downsampling method, we obtain two design techniques. We propose general 2-channel transforms, where output signal is downsampled to guarantee invertibility. We also propose a lifting-based approach, where signals are downsampled before applying the transforms. Our proposed transforms are polynomials of the graph Laplacian matrix and have a simple spectral interpretation.
Automatic recognition of cardiac arrhythmias based on the geometric patterns of Poincaré plots (2015)

The Poincaré plot emerges as an effective tool for assessing cardiovascular autonomic regulation. It displays nonlinear characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) from electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings and gives a global view of the long range of ECG signals. In the telemedicine or computer-aided diagnosis system, it would offer significant auxiliary information for diagnosis if the patterns of the Poincaré plots can be automatically classified. Therefore, we developed an automatic classification system to distinguish five geometric patterns of the Poincaré plots from four types of cardiac arrhythmias. The statistics features are designed on measurements and an ensemble classifier of three types of neural networks is proposed. Aiming at the difficulty to set a proper threshold for classifying the multiple categories, the threshold selection strategy is analyzed. 24 h ECG monitoring recordings from 674 patients, which have four types of cardiac arrhythmias, are adopted for recognition. For comparison, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers with linear and Gaussian kernels are also applied. The experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the extracted features and the better performance of the designed classifier. Our study can be applied to diagnose the corresponding sinus rhythm and arrhythmia substrates disease automatically in the telemedicine and computer-aided diagnosis system.
AlN PEALD with TMA and forming gas: study of plasma reaction mechanisms (2021)

The effect of deposition temperature and plasma dose on plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of AlN thin films with forming gas plasma and trimethylaluminum (TMA) has been studied. The temperature has a strong effect on TMA absorption considering the d-TMA absorptions at low deposition temperatures. The plasma effect on AlN growth was studied in terms of three aspects: (1) plasma effect on TMA absorption, (2) plasma effect on the insertion of plasma species and creation of chemical bonds with absorbed surface species, (3) plasma effect on the removal of organic ligands and weakly-bonded surface species. Plasma over-dosing and under-dosing not only affect the film growth rate but also the AlN film properties. A three-effect mathematical model of the plasma effect was built based on the three plasma effects, which is consistent with the AlN experimental growth results. The FTIR and dielectric studies of the PEALD AlN films support the model.
Human Gastrointestinal Development (1990)

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition: November 1990 - Volume 11 - Issue 4 - p 563
Summary of cerebrospinal fluid routine parameters in neurodegenerative diseases (2010)

In neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) is predominantly performed to exclude inflammatory diseases and to perform a risk assessment in dementive disorders by measurement of tau proteins and amyloid beta peptides. However, large scale data on basic findings of CSF routine parameters are generally lacking. The objective of the study was to define a normal reference spectrum of routine CSF parameters in neurodegenerative diseases. Routine CSF parameters (white cell count, lactate and albumin concentrations, CSF/serum quotients of albumin (Q (alb)), IgG, IgA, IgM, and oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB)) were retrospectively analyzed in an academic research setting. A total of 765 patients (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), vascular dementia (VD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multisystem atrophy (MSA), motor neuron diseases (MND), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), Huntington's disease (HD)) and non-demented control groups including a group of patients with muscular disorders (MD). The main outcome measures included statistical analyses of routine CSF parameters. Mildly elevated Q (alb) were found in a small percentage of nearly all subgroups and in a higher proportion of patients with PSP, MSA, VD, PDD, and MND. With the exception of 1 MND patient, no intrathecal Ig synthesis was observed. Isolated OCBs in CSF were sometimes found in patients with neurodegenerative diseases without elevated cell counts; lactate levels were always normal. A slightly elevated Q (alb) was observed in a subgroup of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and does not exclude the diagnosis. Extensive elevation of routine parameters is not characteristic and should encourage a re-evaluation of the clinical diagnosis.
[A simplified emulsification method for antigens with oil adjuvants]. (1994)

In order to enhance the immune response, people usually add adjuvant to the antigen in immunization. Freund's adjuvant is one of the most used. It can prolong the duration of the antigen staying in the body of the animal, and through continuous stimulation of the antigen the production of antibody is increased. This paper describes a few points in facilitating the emulsification of the antigen and making it more effective. The process can be summarized as follows: (1) Force a small amount of adjuvant from syringe B by pushing it into syringe A filled with antigen solution to mingle with the latter. (2) Push the same volume of the mix from syringe A back to syringe B slowly. (3) Repeat the above mixing process until the mixed portion has become milky white. (4) Gradually increase the volume by small amounts and each time do the same mixing until final completion. After immunization with the mixture, potent sera were always obtained. It has become a routine in this laboratory to use such mixture in its immunization tasks.
Low coordinate hypervalent phosphorus (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow coordinate hypervalent phosphorusAnthony J. Arduengo III and Constantine A. StewartCite this: Chem. Rev. 1994, 94, 5, 1215–1237Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00029a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1810Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (12 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tackling the Shortage of Donor Kidneys: How to Use the Best that We Have (2003)

Shortage of kidney donor is still a major limitation for renal transplantation programs. This review focuses on the emerging practices, adopted to increase transplant activities, of expanding the criteria for donor and recipient selection without exposing the recipient to the drawbacks of a graft with inadequate nephron mass. Expanding the donor pool inevitably led to consideration for kidney transplantation of organs from older donors or from donors with hypertension, diabetes or other renal diseases. To fit the reduced performance of these suboptimal organs with the renal requirement of the recipient, selection of recipients with reduced metabolic requirements or increase of nephron mass by simultaneous transplantation of two suboptimal kidneys in the same recipient have been pursued. However, a critical aspect of both approaches is to quantify functioning nephron mass provided to the recipient by pre-transplant kidney biopsies. Morphological parameters assessed on kidney biopsies at the time of donor evaluation may serve to quantify the preserved tissue and to discriminate chronic irreversible lesions from acute changes that may account for a transiently impaired renal function in the donor, but that may recover after transplant.
Asymmetric optical waveguide Y-junction in InGaAsP/ InP photonic integrated circuits (1990)

This paper describes an integrated InGaAsP/InP asymmetric Y- junction that has a low excess loss, negligible optical reflection, and polarization independent power dividing ratio. The Y-junction was integrated with an active optical gain section by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We also present a theoretical analysis of the Y-junction which explains the observed experimental results.
Contactless Monitoring of Ball Bearing Temperature (2006)

This article reports a novel technique to directly monitor the temperature of bearing cages. The circuit, developed to sense the bearing cageAs temperature, employs no batteries and transmits data wirelessly. It offers a contact-less method consistent with long-term and low-maintenance operation. To our knowledge, this is the first such technique reported in the literature. In this article, after briefly describing the problem, the proposed technique is overviewed and results from laboratory tests are presented.
Effects of Phenyl Substitution on the Fragmentation of Sterically Congested Di-tert-butylstilbene Radical Cations (1996)

The characteristic mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns of sterically congested stilbenes, phenyl-substituted 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3,4-diphenylhex-3-enes, are described. In contrast to stilbene, these sterically congested stilbenes show facile loss of tert-butyl and/or isobutene and phenyl, ultimately leading to ions with the constitution of disubstituted acetylenes. The isobutene/tert-butyl ratio increases as substituents attached to the phenyl ring become more electronegative.
The myosin step size: measurement of the unit displacement per ATP hydrolyzed in an in vitro assay. (1990)

Chemomechanical coupling in muscle contraction may be due to "swinging crossbridges," such that a change in the angle at which the myosin head binds to the actin filament is tightly coupled to release of products of ATP hydrolysis. This model would limit the step size, the unit displacement of actin produced by a single ATP hydrolysis, to less than twice the chord length of the myosin head. Recent measurements have found the step size to be significantly larger than this geometric limit, bringing into question any direct correspondence between the crossbridge and ATP-hydrolysis cycles. We have measured the rate of ATP hydrolysis due to actin sliding movement in an in vitro motility assay consisting of purified actin and purified myosin. We have calculated an apparent myosin step size well within the geometric limit set by the size of the myosin head. These data are consistent with tight coupling between myosin crossbridge movement and ATP hydrolysis.
Iron Metabolism: A Promising Target for Antibacterial Strategies (2009)

In the fight against pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, development and spreading of resistance to antibiotics is an increasing public health problem. The available antibacterial treatments are becoming less and less effective, making urgent the discovery of new active molecules. One strategy that has been explored to bypass the bacterial adaptation to drugs is to target the iron metabolism of bacteria, since iron is critical for all bacteria to grow. To date, three major ways have been assessed to exploit weaknesses in the bacterial iron metabolism: the "Trojan Horse strategy" which takes advantages of natural iron-uptake systems to deliver antimicrobial compounds inside the cells; the use of iron-antagonists and iron-chelators in order to reduce iron availability and the inhibition of enzymatic steps of iron metabolism via chemical compounds. This review discusses these antibacterial strategies interfering with several levels of the bacterial iron metabolism, with a special emphasis on recently published and/or patented discoveries.
SUSPENDING TREATMENT OF NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN CASES OF FUTILITY (2019)

This publication introduces an algorithm to guide the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in patients showing poor response to anti-VEGF treatment and provides expert guidance for suspending anti-VEGF treatment in cases of futility.
An Iterative Bayesian Approach for Digital Matting (2006)

This paper proposes a new iterative approach for digital image matting. It combines pre-segmentation and matting into an unified approach and extracts good matte iteratively within a well-defined Bayesian framework based on a few user strokes on foreground and background regions. This method does not need a well specified trimap, which refers to a pre-segmented image with definitely foreground, definitely background and unknown regions, and can therefore efficiently handle the images, in which the trimap is very hard to create even manually. Experimental results show that, compared with previous approaches, our method is more convenient and robust especially for images with large amount of holes or with foreground objects containing large portion of semi-transparent parts.
Fructose metabolism and regulation of 1-phosphofructokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase in Brevibacterium flavum. (1989)

A 6PFK-lacking mutant of B. flavum grew on fructose but its FBPase-lacking mutant did not. The product of the PTS reaction from fructose as a substrate was not F6P but F1P. These indicate that fructose is metabolized through F1P. 1PFK and 6PFK which form F1, 6P2, an intermediate common to both glucose and fructose metabolism, were highly specific for their respective substrates, F1P and F6P. Both the reactions followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Kms of 1PFK for F1P and ATP were 0.6 and 0.18 mM, and those of 6PFK for F6P and ATP were 2.4 and 0.15 mM, respectively. Reaction mechanisms of 1PFK and 6PFK were of Ordered Bi Bi and of Ping Pong, respectively. 1PFK was inhibited by F6P and the reaction products, F1, 6P2 and ADP, with Kis of 0.9, 2.1, and 1.5 mM, respectively. 6PFK was inhibited only by ADP with a Ki of 0.45 mM, but was neither inhibited by ATP, citrate, and PEP nor activated by AMP and F2, 6P2. The inhibition of 1PFK by F6P and F1, 6P2 was competitive to F1P and of mixed type to ATP and that by ADP was of mixed type to both the substrates. The inhibition of 6PFK by ADP was uncompetitive to F6P and competitive to ATP, suggesting that ADP does not act as the reaction product but as an analog of the substrate, ATP.
The Purkinje Cell and its Afferents in Human Hereditary Ataxia (1991)

The cerebellar cortex in patients with autosomal dominant and recessive ataxia was studied by Golgi impregnation and immunocytochemistry in order to gain further insight into the pathogenesis of neuronal atrophy which accompanies these disorders. Monoclonal antisera were used to visualize phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament proteins, and a synapse-specific protein (P38; synaptophysin). Golgi stain and immunocytochemistry for non-phosphorylated neurofilament protein revealed partial or complete loss of distal Purkinje cell dendrities in the dominant cases and in one recessive case. Many preserved parallel fibres were shown by the monoclonal antibody to phosphorylated neurofilament protein. This antibody also gave strong reaction product in torpedoes. Axosomatic and axodendritic terminals on Purkinje cells were reduced in number, and loss of mossy fiber terminals was revealed by monoclonal anti-P38. The described methods provided additional morphological evidence of the heterogeneity of the hereditary ataxias. Purkinje cell atrophy progressed from loss and simplification of the dendritic tree to disappearance of the cell body. While these cells appeared to be especially vulnerable, other neurons of the molecular and granular layers were not exempt. There was evidence that at least some extracerebellar afferents, such as mossy fibers, were also affected by the disease process.
Amino acid prodrugs of acyclovir as possible antiviral agents against ocular HSV-1 infections: Interactions with the neutral and cationic amino acid transporter on the corneal epithelium (2004)

Analyses of the inhibition pattern of EACV transport suggests the involvement of a single transport system; namely, B(0,+). Design of amino acid prodrugs seems to be an attractive strategy to enhance the solubility of the otherwise poorly aqueous soluble compounds and also to afford a targeted and possibly enhanced delivery of the active drug.
Load Balancing for Flow-Based Parallel Processing Systems in CMP Architecture (2009)

Load balancing is critical to the performance of parallel processing systems. It is more difficult for network systems such as NIDS and Web Servers, because they must preserve flow order. But traditional flow-based load balancing schemes of network parallel processing systems, such as LLF, cost much resource and introduce lots of communication overhead. With the rapid popularization of multi-core system, it is a good choice to apply NIDS in CMP architecture to achieve higher performance. Some companies have taken the first step. Their scheduling algorithm operates at a custom NIC based on FPGA technology. LLF algorithm can't be used in such environment because it needs much more memory than NIC owns. In this paper, we propose a scheduling scheme that re-maps the new arrival flows when the system is unbalanced. To make effective adjustments we design a new triggering policy based on waiting lengths and their difference. Compared with LLF, our algorithm costs about 5% memory to get the same performance.
Influence of combined functional resistance and endurance exercise over 12 weeks on matrix metalloproteinase-2 serum concentration in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis – a community-based randomized controlled trial (2019)

DRKS00017091; 05th of April, 2019; International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.
On the mechanism of tissue-specific mRNA delivery by selective organ targeting nanoparticles (2021)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a clinically mature technology for the delivery of genetic medicines but have limited therapeutic applications due to liver accumulation. Recently, our laboratory developed selective organ targeting (SORT) nanoparticles that expand the therapeutic applications of genetic medicines by enabling delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) and gene editing systems to non-liver tissues. SORT nanoparticles include a supplemental SORT molecule whose chemical structure determines the LNP's tissue-specific activity. To understand how SORT nanoparticles surpass the delivery barrier of liver hepatocyte accumulation, we studied the mechanistic factors which define their organ-targeting properties. We discovered that the chemical nature of the added SORT molecule controlled biodistribution, global/apparent pK<sub>a</sub>, and serum protein interactions of SORT nanoparticles. Additionally, we provide evidence for an endogenous targeting mechanism whereby organ targeting occurs via 1) desorption of poly(ethylene glycol) lipids from the LNP surface, 2) binding of distinct proteins to the nanoparticle surface because of recognition of exposed SORT molecules, and 3) subsequent interactions between surface-bound proteins and cognate receptors highly expressed in specific tissues. These findings establish a crucial link between the molecular composition of SORT nanoparticles and their unique and precise organ-targeting properties and suggest that the recruitment of specific proteins to a nanoparticle's surface can enable drug delivery beyond the liver.
Travel Time Prediction Using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Gray Theory (2012)

Travel time information is generally nonlinear and nonstationary in a dynamic environment, and therefore no consistent tendency can be easily observed. This research developed a novel approach that combined the empirical decomposition method for speed data analysis and gray theory for travel time prediction to predict the arrival time at each stop along a bus route. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed for different numbers of stops. With an average prediction error of less than 3.5%, the experiments showed that the proposed prediction approach, which employed both historical and real-time speed data collected from the geographic positioning system, outperformed Chou's approach, which used only historical speed data. The proposed prediction method could be readily incorporated into a cell phone–based information retrieval system that indicated bus position en route as well as its arrival times at all stops.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors with radiotherapy and locoregional treatment (2015)

Radiation therapy is confirmed to be a sensitizer of tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical trials, and its application will be easy to implement and widespread. Conversely, many issues need to be addressed before radiotherapy can become such a valid immunogenic tool. An area of increasing importance will be the development of suitable biomarkers that will be able to reliably assess 'immunogenic tumor cell death', immune effector stimulation, and adaptive immunity. Such an immune profile of biomarkers will aid in searching for an optimal combination of radiotherapy and immunomodulation and allows patient selection and response prediction.
Directed evolution of a (βα) <sub>8</sub> -barrel enzyme to catalyze related reactions in two different metabolic pathways (2000)

Enzymes participating in different metabolic pathways often have similar catalytic mechanisms and structures, suggesting their evolution from a common ancestral precursor enzyme. We sought to create a precursor-like enzyme for N'-[(5'-phosphoribosyl)formimino]-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (ProFAR) isomerase (HisA; EC ) and phosphoribosylanthranilate (PRA) isomerase (TrpF; EC ), which catalyze similar reactions in the biosynthesis of the amino acids histidine and tryptophan and have a similar (betaalpha)(8)-barrel structure. Using random mutagenesis and selection, we generated several HisA variants that catalyze the TrpF reaction both in vivo and in vitro, and one of these variants retained significant HisA activity. A more detailed analysis revealed that a single amino acid exchange could establish TrpF activity on the HisA scaffold. These findings suggest that HisA and TrpF may have evolved from an ancestral enzyme of broader substrate specificity and underscore that (betaalpha)(8)-barrel enzymes are very suitable for the design of new catalytic activities.
Can people change their behaviour? (2001)

Carolyn Lees asks whether it is effective to encourage individuals to change their behaviour in an attempt to improve their health