gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PP.01.24 (2015)

Objective: In recent studies, microalbuminuria has been believed to relate to progressive coronary atherosclerosis and cardiac event in diabetes. However, it has been unknown the relation between microalbumiuria and cardiac event in non-diabetes. The aim of this study accesses to relation between microalbumiuria and cardiac event in non-diabetes.Design and method: The study was a retrospective analysis of the findings in the 828 consecutive patients at our outpatient clinic between 2009 and 2012. The patients was excluded diabetes and overt albuminuria defined as UACR > 300 mg/g. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to UACR; normoalbuminuria (n = 706, 76.1%) and microalbuminuria (n = 222, 23.9%). Normoalbuminuria was defined as urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) < 30 mg/g and microalbuminuriais was defined as 30 mg/g < = urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) < 300 mg/g. All patients were followed for 33 ± 14 months. The endpoints were all cardiac events, defined as cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and revascularization. Results: The patients were 446 men and 482 women (76:24%) with mean age of 57.3 ± 10.1 years (normoalbuminuria: 57.5 ± 10.1 years, microalbuminuria: 57.3 ± 10.2 years) and mean UACR is 18.6 ± 26.3 mg/g (normoalbuminuria: 8.5 ± 4.7 mg/g, microalbuminuria: 50.7 ± 38.3 mg/g). There were no difference of clinical characteristics and medication history including aspirin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) and statin between normoalbuninuria and microalbuminuria. All cardiac events were revascularization without cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction. (n = 28, 3.0%) In univariate analysis, microalbuminuria was predictor of cardiac events (normoalbuminuria vs microalbuminuria: 2.3% vs 5.4%, HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.3, p = 0.024). In multivariate analysis after adjustment of age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, medication and ejection fraction, microalbuminuria was the independent predictor of cardiac events (HR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–6.2, p = 0.003). Stratifying our population by normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that normoalbuminuria had a better prognostic result compared with microalbuminuria. Conclusions: Microalbuminuria estimated UACR might be significantly independent predictor of cardiac event in non-diabetes.
Passive Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguide TE-TM mode splitter (1984)

A passive compact TE-TM mode splitter has been demonstrated using Ti:LiNbO3 channel waveguides. Its operation is based on the interference between the two guided modes of a double-mode waveguide segment connecting single-mode input and output guides. A device made using one set of design parameters has splitting ratios of 12 dB for both polarizations. Another device made using different parameters has a splitting ratio of 17 dB for TM modes. The devices are capable of low-loss, broadband operation.
Carotenoid Distribution in Living Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) (2011)

Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater unicellular green microalga belonging to the class Chlorophyceae and is of commercial interest for its ability to accumulate massive amounts of the red ketocarotenoid astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione). Using confocal Raman microscopy and multivariate analysis, we demonstrate the ability to spectrally resolve resonance-enhanced Raman signatures associated with astaxanthin and β-carotene along with chlorophyll fluorescence. By mathematically isolating these spectral signatures, in turn, it is possible to locate these species independent of each other in living cells of H. pluvialis in various stages of the life cycle. Chlorophyll emission was found only in the chloroplast whereas astaxanthin was identified within globular and punctate regions of the cytoplasmic space. Moreover, we found evidence for β-carotene to be co-located with both the chloroplast and astaxanthin in the cytosol. These observations imply that β-carotene is a precursor for astaxanthin and the synthesis of astaxanthin occurs outside the chloroplast. Our work demonstrates the broad utility of confocal Raman microscopy to resolve spectral signatures of highly similar chromophores in living cells.
Novel Drosophila model of myotonic dystrophy type 1: phenotypic characterization and genome-wide view of altered gene expression (2013)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic RNA-dominant disorder characterized by myotonia and muscle degeneration. In DM1 patients, the mutant DMPK transcripts containing expanded CUG repeats form nuclear foci and sequester the Muscleblind-like 1 splicing factor, resulting in mis-splicing of its targets. However, several pathological defects observed in DM1 and their link with disease progression remain poorly understood. In an attempt to fill this gap, we generated inducible transgenic Drosophila lines with increasing number of CTG repeats. Targeting the expression of these repeats to the larval muscles recapitulated in a repeat-size-dependent manner the major DM1 symptoms such as muscle hypercontraction, splitting of muscle fibers, reduced fiber size or myoblast fusion defects. Comparative transcriptional profiling performed on the generated DM1 lines and on the muscleblind (mbl)-RNAi line revealed that nuclear accumulation of toxic CUG repeats can affect gene expression independently of splicing or Mbl sequestration. Also, in mblRNAi contexts, the largest portion of deregulated genes corresponded to single-transcript genes, revealing an unexpected impact of the indirect influence of mbl on gene expression. Among the single-transcript Mbl targets is Muscle protein 20 involved in myoblast fusion and causing the reduced number of nuclei in muscles of mblRNAi larvae. Finally, by combining in silico prediction of Mbl targets with mblRNAi microarray data, we found the calcium pump dSERCA as a Mbl splice target and show that the membrane dSERCA isoform is sufficient to rescue a DM1-induced hypercontraction phenotype in a Drosophila model.
Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2001. Results generated from European registers by ESHRE (2005)

European results of assisted reproductive techniques from treatments initiated during 2001 are presented in this fifth report. Data were collected mainly from already existing national registers. From 23 countries, 579 clinics reported 289 690 cycles with: IVF 120 946, ICSI 114 378, frozen embryo transfer (FER) 47 195 and egg donation (ED) 7171. Overall this represents a 4% increase since the year 2000. For the first time, results on European data on intra-uterine inseminations (IUIs) were reported from 15 countries. A total of 67 124 cycles [IUI husband'sperm (IUI-H) 52 949 and IUI donor sperm (IUI-D) 14 185] were included. In 12 countries where all clinics reported to the register, a total of 108 910 cycles were performed in a population of 131.4 million, corresponding to 829 cycles per million inhabitants. For IVF, the clinical pregnancy rate per aspiration and per transfer was 25.1 and 29.0%, respectively. For ICSI, the corresponding rates were 26.2 and 28.3%. These figures are similar to the results from 2000. After IUI-H, the clinical pregnancy rate was 12.8% in women <40 and 9.7% in women > or =40 years of age. After IVF and ICSI, the distribution of transfer of one, two, three and > or =4 embryos was 12.0, 51.7, 30.8 and 5.5%, respectively. Compared with the year 2000, fewer embryos were transferred, but huge differences existed between countries. The distribution of singleton, twin and triplet deliveries for IVF and ICSI combined was 74.5, 24.0 and 1.5%, respectively. This gives a total multiple delivery rate of 25.5%, compared with 26.9% in the year 2000. The range of triplet deliveries after IVF and ICSI differed from 0.0 to 8.2% between countries. After IUI-H in women <40 years of age, 10.2% were twin and 1.1% were triplet gestations.
A novel multiplex‐port brouter for regional PC communication network systems and its performance (1999)

Research is being conducted on regional personal computer (PC) communication network systems to provide convenient and cost-effective PC communication services to local home users and small companies. A group communication service was proposed that offers connectionless communication to registered users via an Ethernet interface on the customers' premises. An experimental system was developed and tested. This paper presents a newly developed multiplex-port brouter that can accommodate a large number of subscribers and evaluates its performance. The system configuration and brouter architecture are also described. The configuration and function of custom LSIs that perform high-speed HDLC coding and decoding are presented. A measurement scheme that simulates multiple PC accesses is shown. The brouter performance is evaluated using PCs connected via a subscriber network system. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 82(8): 13–21, 1999
Involvement of <i>μ</i>‐ and <i>κ</i>‐, but not <i>δ</i>‐, opioid receptors in the peristaltic motor depression caused by endogenous and exogenous opioids in the guinea‐pig intestine (2002)

Opiates inhibit gastrointestinal propulsion, but it is not clear which opioid receptor types are involved in this action. For this reason, the effect of opioid receptor - selective agonists and antagonists on intestinal peristalsis was studied. Peristalsis in isolated segments of the guinea-pig small intestine was triggered by a rise of the intraluminal pressure and recorded via the intraluminal pressure changes associated with the peristaltic waves. Mu-opioid receptor agonists (DAMGO, morphine), kappa-opioid receptor agonists (ICI-204,448 and BRL-52,537) and a delta-opioid receptor agonist (SNC-80) inhibited peristalsis in a concentration-related manner as deduced from a rise of the peristaltic pressure threshold (PPT) and a diminution of peristaltic effectiveness. Experiments with the delta-opioid receptor antagonists naltrindole (30 nM) and HS-378 (1 microM), the kappa-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (30 nM) and the mu-opioid receptor antagonist cyprodime (10 microM) revealed that the antiperistaltic effect of ICI-204,448 and BRL-52,537 was mediated by kappa-opioid receptors and that of morphine and DAMGO by mu-opioid receptors. In contrast, the peristaltic motor inhibition caused by SNC-80 was unrelated to delta-opioid receptor activation. Cyprodime and nor-binaltorphimine, but not naltrindole and HS-378, were per se able to stimulate intestinal peristalsis as deduced from a decrease in PPT. The results show that the neural circuits controlling peristalsis in the guinea-pig small intestine are inhibited by endogenous and exogenous opioids acting via mu- and kappa-, but not delta-, opioid receptors.
HORMONE-LIKE ACTIVITY OF A THYMUS HUMORAL FACTOR ON THE INDUCTION OF IMMUNE COMPETENCE IN LYMPHOID CELLS (1974)

Experiments reported here were performed to understand the mechanism by which THF increases the immunocompetence of spleen cells from NTx mice. Dibutyryl cAMP or substances which increase intracellular levels of cAMP in lymphocytes such as Poly(A:U), theophylline, or PGE(2) were shown to mimic the effect of THF and confer reactivity in an in vitro GvH response to spleen cells from NTx mice. Flufenamic acid, an antagonist to PGE(2), was shown to inhibit the induction of competence by this substance. It was found that THF induces competence by activating membranal adenyl cyclase which leads to a rise in intracellular cAMP in thymus-derived cells only. These biochemical changes occur before antigenic stimulation and are unrelated to antigenic challenge. These findings indicate that THF exerts its effect via cAMP and are in agreement with the concepts which permit to classify THF as a thymus hormone.
The Influence of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Resistance of Pine Roots to Pathogenic Infections. I. Antagonism of Mycorrhizal Fungi to Root Pathogenic Fungi and Soil Bacteria (2025)

Antagonism of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi to <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i>, other root pathogenic fungi, and soil bacteria was examined. In agar plate tests, <i>Laccaria laccata</i>, <i>Lactarius deliciosus</i>, <i>Leucopaxillus cerealis</i> var. <i>piceina</i>, <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i>, and <i>Suillus luteus</i> inhibited growth of nearly half of the 48 different fungal root pathogens. <i>Leucopaxillus cerealis</i> var. <i>piceina</i> inhibited 92% of the test pathogens. Differences in sensitivity of several isolates of <i>P. cinnamomi</i> to inhibitions by this symbiont were not found. Culture filtrates of <i>L. cerealis</i> var. <i>piceina</i> were inhibitory also to growth of <i>P. cinnamomi</i> and soil bacteria. Zoospore germination was inhibited completely in filtrates of this symbiont. Maximum antibiotic production occurred during the rapid growth phase in liquid culture. Length of culture incubation and temperature strongly influenced production of inhibitory substances by <i>L. cerealis</i> var. <i>piceina</i> in liquid culture. It grew best from 10 to 20 C, whereas <i>P. tinctorius</i> grew best from 30 to 35 C in liquid culture.
The problem of intervention. (2023)

intervention by forcing me to defend my position.I adopted many of their suggestions, but stubbornly maintained some of my dissenting views.Thus, any errors are mine.I would like to thank my colleagues, friends, and family for many discussions that have helped to clarify and shape my thinking on
Ordinary and extraordinary dielectric functions of 4H– and 6H–SiC from 3.5 to 9.0 eV (2001)

We report ordinary (ε⊥c axis) and extraordinary (ε∥c axis) dielectric function data of 4H– and 6H–SiC from 3.5 to 9.0 eV. These data, which were obtained by with spectroscopic ellipsometry, are also compared to recently reported ab initio calculations. Critical point energies were found using real and reciprocal space analysis.
Mobilization and Distribution of Beryllium Over the Course of Chelation Therapy with Some Polyaminocarboxylic Acids in the Rat (1993)

The efficacy of three common polyaminocarboxylic acids in the treatment of experimental beryllium intoxication was investigated in male rats. N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylene diamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) was more effective than calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (CaNa2EDTA) in reducing the beryllium concentration of the blood, kidneys and spleen and reducing beryllium-induced inhibition of hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity. HEDTA was also most effective in reducing histopathological lesions in the liver and spleen. Compared to these two chelators, the third amino chelator, calcium trisodium diethylene triaminepenta acetic acid (CaNa3DTPA) produced severe deleterious effects in the liver and systemic toxicity. The results suggest that HEDTA is a promising chelator for beryllium toxicity while DTPA enhances the toxic manifestation of beryllium.
<title>Polymeric components for all-optical networks</title> (2000)

All-optical networks that exhibit high speed, high capacity, scalability, configurability, and transparency are becoming a reality through the exploitation of the unique properties of fiber and integrated optics. An advanced polymeric waveguide technology was developed for affordable passive and active integrated optical elements that address the needs of these networks. We engineered high-performance organic polymers that can be readily made into photonic circuits of controlled numerical apertures and geometries. These materials are formed from highly-crosslinked acrylate monomers with specific linkages that determine properties such as flexibility, robustness, optical loss, thermal stability, and humidity resistance. These monomers are intermiscible, providing for precise continuous adjustment of the refractive index over a wide range. In polymer form, they exhibit state-of-the-art optical loss values, suppressed polarization effects, and exceptional environmental stability. A wide range of rigid and flexible substrates can be used. The devices we describe include demultiplexers, tunable wavelength filters, digital optical switches, and variable optical attenuators.
Holographic diffraction in photoanisotropic organic materials (1993)

A theoretical study is presented that describes the recording and the readout of transmission volume holograms in dynamic photoanisotropic organic materials. The stationary coupled differential equations of two recording beams that are polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence are derived and solved analytically for the beam intensities and the phase changes. These equations self-consistently satisfy the recording dynamics of the hologram formation including the effects of fringe curvature and energy transfer. Analytic formulas for the diffraction efficiency are obtained from the readout equations under the assumption of a Bragg-matched weak probe beam of arbitrary polarization and in the small fringe curvature regime. Previously measured parameters of Methyl Orange–polyvinyl alcohol holograms indicate that the optimal hologram thickness is approximately 0.2 mm and predict the decrease of diffraction efficiency with an increase of beam ratio.
Dispersion compensator using a compact arrayed-waveguide grating with a dispersion-adjusting structure (2006)

A dispersion compensator consisting of a compact arrowhead arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) with a dispersion-adjusting structure has been proposed. Dispersion parameters can be adjusted by filling lens-shaped deep trenches with refractive index-controlled resin. Dispersion compensators based on an 8ch, 12.5GHz-spacing AWG have been fabricated. The dispersion-adjusting structure consists of three double concave trenches located near the focal plane in a second slab waveguide. Dispersion compensators with total dispersions of 234ps/nm and 1103ps/nm were fabricated by using resins with refractive indices of 1.51 and 1.405, respectively.
Structure and promoter organization of the human monoamine oxidase A and B genes. (1993)

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B play an important role in regulating levels of biogenic amines. MAO A and B cDNAs have been cloned and the deduced amino acids share 73% sequence identity. The genes for MAOA and B are comprised of 15 exons interspersed by 14 introns, span at least 60 kb and exhibit identical exon-intron organization. These findings suggest that the MAOA and MAOB genes are derived from the duplication of a common ancestral gene. The core promoter region of MAOA is comprised of two 90 bp repeats, each of which contains two Spl elements and lacks a TATA box. The MAOB core promoter region contains two sets of overlapping Spl sites which flank a CACCC element all upstream of a TATA box. The different organization of the MAOA and MAOB promoters may underlie their different cell and tissue specific expression.
Purification, nucleotide sequence and some properties of a bifunctional isomerase/decarboxylase from the homoprotocatechuate degradative pathway of <i>Escherichia coli</i> C (1993)

A 1.8-kbp region of DNA that appeared from deletion subcloning to code for 2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-diene-1,7-dioate isomerase and 5-oxopent-3-ene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate decarboxylase was investigated further. By nucleotide sequencing, a single open reading frame was found encoding a polypeptide of M(r)44514. One of the deletion subclones expressed the decarboxylase and isomerase activities at elevated levels and was used to facilitate purification of the enzyme(s). Both activities copurified, indicating that they were distinct activities of the same protein. Some kinetic properties of the purified isomerase/decarboxylase protein were investigated and it was shown that there is a 49,000-fold preference for 2-hydroxyhepta-2,4-diene-1,7-dioate over the structurally related compound 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate, the substrate of a second isomerase in the same catabolic pathway. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the two isomerases showed only a low level of similarity, suggesting that these two enzymes are not evolutionarily related. However, comparison of the N-terminal half of the isomerase/decarboxylase sequence (residues 1-202) with the second half (residues 203-406) showed significant similarity, suggesting that a duplication may have occurred to produce the bifunctional gene.
Colloidal Systems for Tumor Targeting (1997)

The potential and limitations of targeted delivery of anticancer agents with colloidal particulate carriers is the subject of this contribution. Because over the years liposomes have gained the most attention as carrier system in the category of colloidal carrier systems, this paper focuses on the utility of the liposomal system for tumor targeting. It is imperative that an intended therapeutic application of liposomes should be well matched with the liposome behavior in vivo. Therefore, the in vivo fate of the first-generation liposomes and the more recently developed second-generation liposomes (surface-modified liposomes such as the immunoliposomes and long-circulating liposomes) is analyzed in terms of accessibility of target sites, time-, and site-controlled drug release and potential target sites for rational targeted delivery are discussed. A few examples of areas in cancer chemotherapy, with a strong rationale for the use of liposomes, are given. It is concluded that, although several options are available on the drawing board, issues such as tumor cell heterogeneity, access to the target site, shedding of antigens, and target site-specific release of the liposome-associated drug need to be addressed early in the development process.
1, 2-Dithiol-3-thione analogs: effects on NAD(P)H: quinone reductase and glutathione levels in murine hepatoma cells (1986)

The 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones are a class of five-membered cyclic sulfur compounds which have chemotherapeutic and chemoprotective properties. The parent 1,2-dithiol-3-thione nucleus and a series of six substituted analogs all induced NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (EC 1.6.99.2) activity and elevated glutathione levels in Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells in culture thereby enhancing detoxification potential. These analogs included monosubstituted derivatives with phenyl, p-methoxyphenyl or 2-pyrazinyl groups at C-4 or C-5, and disubstituted compounds bearing phenyl or 2-pyrazinyl moieties at C-5 and an additional methyl group at C-4. This system can be used as an in vitro model for the study of the specificity and mechanism of action of the 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones as already demonstrated for several other classes of chemoprotective agents. The 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones also elevated quinone reductase and glutathione levels in the Hepa 1c1c7 cell mutants (BPrc1 and TAOBPrc1) that are defective in aryl hydrocarbon receptor functions. We conclude that the 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones are largely concerned with the stimulation of metabolic inactivation of electrophiles.
Regional lymph node involvement and its significance in the development of distant metastases in head and neck carcinoma (1993)

Background. The incidence of distant metastases in head and neck cancer patients is rising because of greater locoregional control of the disease. Methods. The relative risks for having distant metastases as first site of failure relative to the regional lymph node involvement were determined. Results. The overall incidence was 10.7%, with a clear relationship between the number of involved lymph nodes and extranodal spread on one hand, and distant spread on the other hand. The group with histopathologic presence of disease in the neck had twice as much distant metastases as did those with histopathologic absence (13.6% versus 6.9%). Patients with more than three histologically positive lymph nodes were most at risk for having distant metastases (46.8%). The presence of extranodal spread meant a threefold increase in the incidence of distant metastases, compared with patients without this feature (19.1% versus 6.7%). Conclusions. Patients with three or more positive nodes and with extranodal spread may benefit from adjuvant systemic therapy.