gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatic Aberration Correction of a Low-Voltage SEM using a Wien Filter: Adjusting the Correction Strength (2001)

Abstract The resolution of state-of-the-art low-voltage scanning electron microscopes (LV SEM), which is currently limited by the chromatic and spherical aberrations of the objective lens, can be improved by incorporating an aberration correcting device. At present four different concepts are discussed in literature: Zach and Haider demonstrated that a quadrupole/octupole corrector can correct both chromatic and spherical aberration. Rose proposed a Wien filter for chromatic aberration correction, which has relaxed stability requirements. Recently, we reported a simplified version of this corrector and showed that a spherical aberration corrector can be integrated in a Wien filter. Henstra and co-workers suggested a purely electrostatic corrector that can correct both chromatic and spherical aberration. For all these concepts problems may arise when the lens-to-sample (working) distance for an aligned corrector is to be changed. in general, the corrector settings depend on the ratio Cc/f2, where Cc and f denote the coefficient of the chromatic aberration and the focal length of the objective lens, respectively. When the working distance is changed, this ratio is no longer perfectly matched to the corrector settings. The tedious realignments and readjustments, which then seem necessary, can be avoided by using a doublet objective lens as illustrated schematically in Figure 1.
Reverse effect of ground electrode on the signal loss of human body communication (2008)

In this paper, we analyzed the effects of the ground electrode, especially the reverse effect in which the signal loss increases by the ground electrode. We measured how the signal loss varies in relation to the ground electrode. Furthermore, we simulated the current distribution to analyze the effects of the ground electrode. In other papers, the body has an artificial posture in which two arms and a shoulder formed a straight line. In our approach, we measured the signal loss of a person with a natural posture for actual human body communication; that is, the person's two arms and shoulder did not form a straight line. Also, we reflected the modified posture of the body in the simulation model.
Playing games for security: an efficient exact algorithm for solving Bayesian Stackelberg games (2008)

In a class of games known as Stackelberg games, one agent (the leader) must commit to a strategy that can be observed by the other agent (the follower or adversary) before the adversary chooses its own strategy. We consider Bayesian Stackelberg games, in which the leader is uncertain about the types of adversary it may face. Such games are important in security domains, where, for example, a security agent (leader) must commit to a strategy of patrolling certain areas, and a robber (follower) has a chance to observe this strategy over time before choosing its own strategy of where to attack. This paper presents an efficient exact algorithm for finding the optimal strategy for the leader to commit to in these games. This algorithm, DOBSS, is based on a novel and compact mixed-integer linear programming formulation. Compared to the most efficient algorithm known previously for this problem, DOBSS is not only faster, but also leads to higher quality solutions, and does not suffer from problems of infeasibility that were faced by this previous algorithm. Note that DOBSS is at the heart of the ARMOR system that is currently being tested for security scheduling at the Los Angeles International Airport.
DRAG: Director-Generator Language Modelling Framework for Non-Parallel Author Stylized Rewriting (2021)

Author stylized rewriting is the task of rewriting an input text in a particular author's style. Recent works in this area have leveraged Transformer-based language models in a denoising autoencoder setup to generate author stylized text without relying on a parallel corpus of data. However, these approaches are limited by the lack of explicit control of target attributes and being entirely data-driven. In this paper, we propose a Director-Generator framework to rewrite content in the target author's style, specifically focusing on certain target attributes. We show that our proposed framework works well even with a limitedsized target author corpus. Our experiments on corpora consisting of relatively small-sized text authored by three distinct authors show significant improvements upon existing works to rewrite input texts in target author's style. Our quantitative and qualitative analyses further show that our model has better meaning retention and results in more fluent generations.
Broadband multilayer ceramic chip antenna for handsets (2002)

A novel broadband and small multilayer ceramic chip antenna has been designed and investigated. The proposed antenna has a small size of 14 × 2.4 × 1 mm3. A wide bandwidth of 33% (VSWR<2.0) has been obtained, and the measured antenna gain has an average value of ∼1.2 dBi. These characteristics make the proposed antenna applicable to future mobile handsets.
Use of Ambersorb® carbonaceous adsorbent for removal of BTEX compounds from oil‐field produced water (1996)

Abstract The removal of high concentrations of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) from oil‐field produced waters using a carbonaceous adsorbent was successfully demonstrated in the field. The carbonaceous adsorbent was much more effective in removing BTEX compounds from produced water than activated carbon or modified clays. The primary objectives of the field studies were to evaluate the efficiency of oil removal processes to protect the adsorbent from fouling, to determine the BTEX removal efficiency of a carbonaceous adsorbent at a high flow rate loading, and to demonstrate regeneration of the adsorbent. Adsorbent fouling with oil was mitigated by mechanical coalescing for heavier crude and emulsion‐breaking for lighter crude. Adsorbent extenders and filters did not control fouling in the presence of exceedingly emulsified crude oil. Carbonaceous adsorbent reduced BTEX compounds levels from the 25–130 mg/l range to less than 1 mg/l treating approximately 500 bed volumes of produced water per cycle. Regeneration of the adsorbent using low pressure steam or solvents was successfully achieved with regeneration efficiencies exceeding 95 percent.
Analysis and design of a MEMS (microelectromechanical system) directional microphone diaphragm with active Q control. (2010)

The analysis and design of a MEMS directional microphone are described that incorporates electronic feedback to achieve active Q control. The microphone diaphragm consists of a 1 × 2-mm stiffened plate fabricated out of polycrystalline silicon that is supported on a central hinge. The sound pressure gradient incident on the diaphragm produces a rocking motion about the central hinge. Interdigitated comb fingers at each end of the diaphragm enable both capacitive sensing and electrostatic actuation. The diaphragm has been designed to have its dominant resonant mode have a frequency of approximately 1 kHz. By minimizing sources of passive damping, the thermal noise of the microphone has been shown to be lower than the noise floor of existing two-microphone systems used in directional hearing aids [Miles et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125 (2009)]. However, this low-passive damping also results in an undesirable resonance within the audible frequency range. To minimize the adverse effects of this resonance, a simple analog electronic feedback system is designed that can result in acceptable performance in both the frequency and time domains. [Work funded by NIH Grant R01 DC009429.]
Minimum Loss Control of a Five-phase Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor under Open Phase Fault (2020)

In this paper, the efficiency of a five-phase Nd- based permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor has been analyzed to perform optimal efficiency control under different two-phase open fault (TPF) conditions. Since in a PMaSynRM, the torque is generated primarily due to the saliency, under phase lost conditions, the performance of this machine deteriorates heavily. The major reasons behind this are the 1) phase lost condition creates non-uniform flux distribution in the airgap, 2) remaining phase currents become unbalanced, 3) unexpected current harmonics show up, and 4) optimal control angle shifts from its original. With all these effects, the PMaSynRM performs very inefficiently. Therefore, the maximum efficiency control becomes critical. However, maintaining maximum efficiency in the TPF condition is challenging, which requires a smart, fast, and adaptive control strategy to perform a smooth long-term operation. In this paper, particular attention is given to developing an analytical fault model followed by finite element modeling, which is utilized to calculate the efficiency accurately of the PMa-SynRM under faults. Also, an advanced control method has been adopted to continue the maximum efficiency control in those faults.
Improved cone beam local tomography (2006)

In this paper, we study cone beam local tomography (LT). A new LT function g is proposed. It is shown that g contains non-local artefacts, but their strength is an order of magnitude smaller than those of the previously known LT function g(Lambda) of Louis A K and Maass P (1993 IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 12 764-69). We also investigate LT reconstruction in the dynamic case, i.e. when the object f being scanned is undergoing some changes during the scan. Properties of g are studied, the notion of visible singularities is suitably generalized, and a relationship between the wave fronts of f and g is established. It is shown that the changes in f do not cause any smearing of the singularities of g. Numerical implementation of the new LT function is discussed, and results of numerical experiments are presented.
Ion Beam and Plasma Technology Development for Surface Modification at Los Alamos National Laboratory (1997)

We are developing two high-throughput technologies for materials modification. The first is a repetitive intense ion beam source for materials modification through rapid surface melt and resolidification (up to 10{sup 10} deg/sec cooling rates) and for ablative deposition of coatings. The short range of the ions (typically 0.1 to 5 micrometers) allows vaporization or melting at moderate beam energy density (typically 1-50 J/cm{sup 2}). A new repetitive intense ion beam accelerator called CHAMP is under development at Los Alamos. The design beam parameters are: E=200 keV, I=15 kA, {tau}=1 {micro}s, and 1 Hz. This accelerator will enable applications such as film deposition, alloying and mixing, cleaning and polishing, corrosion and wear resistance, polymer surface treatments, and nanophase powder synthesis. The second technology is plasma source ion implantation (PSII) using plasmas generated from both gas phase (using radio frequency excitation) and solid phase (using a cathodic arc) sources. We have used PSII to directly implant ions for surface modification or as method for generating graded interfaces to enhance the adhesion of surface coatings. Surfaces with areas of up to 16 m{sup 2} and weighing more than a thousand kilograms have been treated in the Los Alamos PSII chamber. In addition, PSII in combination with cathodic source deposition has been used to form highly adherent, thick Er{sub 2}O{sub 3} coatings on steel for reactive metal containment in casting. These coatings resist delamination under extreme mechanical and thermal stress.
Enantioselective Hydrolysis ofd,l-Menthyl Benzoate toL-(-)-Menthol by RecombinantCandida rugosa Lipase LIP1 (2002)

The stereoselective synthesis of L-menthol is an attractive process in the flavor and fragrance industry. One promising way to obtain optically pure menthol is the enantioselective hydrolysis of menthol esters under enzymatic catalysis. We developed an effective and highly enantioselective method for the synthesis of L-(−)-menthol (>99% EE) by hydrolyzing the key industrial starting compound, d, l-menthyl benzoate. The enzyme of choice was the lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL). While commercially available preparations of this lipase showed only minor selectivity (E=15), excellent enantiomeric purity (E>100) was achieved using the heterologously expressed isoenzyme LIP1.
Inhibition of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> Adherence to Collagen by Antibodies against High-Affinity Binding Subdomains of Acm (2007)

Strains of Enterococcus faecium express a cell wall-anchored protein, Acm, which mediates adherence to collagen. Here, we (i) identify the minimal and high-affinity binding subsegments of Acm and (ii) show that anti-Acm immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) purified against these subsegments reduced E. faecium TX2535 strain collagen adherence up to 73 and 50%, respectively, significantly more than the total IgGs against the full-length Acm A domain (28%) (P < 0.0001). Blocking Acm adherence with functional subsegment-specific antibodies raises the possibility of their use as therapeutic or prophylactic agents.
Microencapsulated Sunflower Oil for Rejuvenation and Healing of Asphalt Mixtures (2017)

Microencapsulation of rejuvenators was introduced as a new approach to increase the efficiency of rejuvenators toward improving the self-healing rate of asphalt pavement. This study had two primary objectives: (1) to examine the thermal stability of prepared microcapsules containing sunflower oil as core material, and (2) to evaluate the effect of the microcapsule in increasing the self-healing ability of asphalt mixtures. Results showed an acceptable thermal stability of double-walled polyurethane and urea-formaldehyde (PU/UF) microcapsules in the temperature range encountered during mix production. Furthermore, asphalt binder stiffness and m-value measurements demonstrated that microcapsules were successful in decreasing low-temperature stiffness and increasing the m-value of the binder blends. Healing of the cracks defined by reversal of the crack opening was validated in all mixtures through digital image analysis. The mixtures containing sunflower oil as a rejuvenator showed the best performance in self-healing efficiency. However, the healing efficiency of the mix with microcapsules was lower than the mixture with the rejuvenator. This is possibly because of the amount of rejuvenator released from the microcapsules, which was limited to the microcapsules around the crack and not all the rejuvenator available in the mix. The samples healed at room temperature showed higher healing efficiency, compared with the specimens in the oven. The difference in healing efficiency between the two healing conditions (room temperature versus oven temperature) was the largest at Day 1; however, the difference became less pronounced with the progression of healing.
On-line Calculation of Critical Characteristics for Cryogenic Storage Vessels (2010)

Cryogenic products, such as Oxygen, Nitrogen or Argon, are commonly delivered to customers by the supplier. To do so, the supplier is responsible for managing the inventory of product at the customer site, in most cases. It is important to have access to an accurate estimation of the quantity of product stored at any time in cryogenic vessels to avoid run-outs for the customer and to optimize the product deliveries, which means saving money and reducing pollution due to trucks fuel consumption. Former studies showed that an accurate mass estimation can be made from differential pressure measures between the bottom and the top of the vessel, the pressure on top, and required vessel characteristics. Differential pressure measurements are installed on cryogenic tanks and the data is available remotely through a remote telemetry unit (RTU). Often, the tank characteristics are unknown or only roughly estimated limiting the accuracy of the mass estimation in the tank. This paper presents an on-line method to estimate the critical required tank characteristics: radius, total height (for vertical tanks), total length (for horizontal tanks), bottom height, and maximum liquid height. This method relies on a physical model describing the vessel during a filling and providing a relationship between the delivered mass of product, the pressure measures and the vessel characteristics.
Design and microfabrication of frequency selective uncooled microbolometer focal plane array for terahertz imaging (2013)

A THz frequency selective microbolometer focal plane array (FPA) with 35 μm pixel pitch and a resolution of 384×288 pixels was recently developed at INO. The FPA was fabricated on a CMOS readout circuit using MEMS surface micromachining techniques. The uncooled microbolometer detectors, based on vanadium oxide technology, were optimized for detection at 4.25 THz. A high performance frequency selective THz camera operating at 4.25 THz was also demonstrated.
Josephson Vortex Qubit: Design, Preparation and Read-Out (2002)

The design of a qubit based on a single Josephson vortex trapped in a shaped long Josephson junction is discussed in detail. The vortex potential is formed due to its interaction with an in-plane magnetic field and a bias current applied to the junction. The profile of the potential is calculated using a standard perturbation approach. We examine the dependence of the potential properties on the junction shape and its electrical parameters and discuss the requirements for observing quantum effects in this system. We have developed and experimentally tested methods for the preparation and read-out of vortex states of this qubit in the classical regime.
Dimensionally stable PET fibers for tire reinforcement. [Polyethylene terephthalate (POLYESTERS)] (1991)

High-modulus, high-tenacity polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers have gained wide acceptance in reinforcement for rubber products such as tires and hoses; in geotextiles, and in ropes and cordage. Accordingly, a great deal of fundamental research has been conducted on how the processing and resulting morphology of these thermoplastic fibers affect their physical properties. The translation of these starting fiber properties to those in the final end-use product has received much less attention. This article compares the structure-property relationships of recently-developed PET yarns possessing high dimensional stability (i.e., high modulus and low shrinkage) with conventional PET tire yarn. Interest in these materials is stimulated by their ability to improve tire uniformity and, for some tire manufacturers, eliminate the need for post-cure inflation during tire manufacturing. Where possible, cause and effect relationships will be developed.
Passivating CVD Molybdenum Films Against Infrared Reflection Losses Caused by Oxidation (1978)

Thin film reflectors of molybdenum deposited by CVD can be passivated against oxidation by overcoating them with either a thin film of aluminum oxide (500Å) or silicon nitride (300Å). A set of such molybdenum films were exposed to open air at 500°C for 160 min without measurable deterioration of their infrared reflectance. This demonstrates the feasibility of using refractory metal reflectors in high temperature photothermal converters without risking reflectance losses caused by oxidation. It also established the possibility of integrating the refractory metal reflector into the deposition sequence of converter fabrication by CVD.
Multi-core Fiber Design and Analysis (2011)

Impacts of random phase offset in coupled-mode theory and autocorrelation function in coupled-power theory on crosstalk of multi-core fibers are investigated for the first time. Simulation results are in good agreement with measurement results.
Synthetic IR signature control using emissivity enhancement techniques (2004)

In this report, we show both theoretically and experimentally how the IR signature of a semiconductor scene (with band gap energy Eg) can be monitored through contactless emissivity control even if this scene thermometric temperature is kept constant. More specifically, we show how a scene emissivity in the spectral band beyond the fundamental absorption range (ω2 < Eg / h, 3 to 5 μm and 8 to 12 μm transparency windows) can be dynamically (frame frequency > 20 kHz) monitored by a shorter wavelength photo excitation of non-equilibrium charge carriers (ω1 > Eg/h, "visible range"). Experimental tests performed on Si and Ge scenes (300 < T < 600 K), demonstrate optically generated cold and hot images and, what is more important, negligible temperature contrast between an object and a background (Stealth effect in IR).
Halofuginone prevents estrogen‐deficient osteoporosis in mice (2012)

Osteoporosis is characterized by enhanced activity of osteoclasts relative to that of osteoblasts. Thus, the principal means of treating the most common form of osteoporosis, namely that attending menopause, is inhibition of osteoclast formation or function. We have demonstrated that the inflammatory cytokine, IL-17, mediates estrogen-deficient osteoporosis, in mice, and that genetic blockade of its function prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss. We herein report that the febrifugine derivative, halofuginone, a small molecule drug, reduces abundance of Th-17 cells in mice and prevents estrogen-deficient osteoporosis by diminishing bone resorption without impacting osteogenesis. In keeping with IL-17 mediating its osteoclastogenic effects by promoting RANK ligand expression by osteoblasts, halofuginone does not directly inhibit the bone resorptive cell. Thus, halofuginone, which is presently FDA-approved for treatment of scleroderma, is a candidate therapeutic for post-menopausal osteoporosis.
Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of fibers with a rotating nonlinear Sagnac interferometer (1997)

We developed a method to measure the nonlinear refractive-index coefficient of fibers using a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer. To enhance the measurement accuracy, we employed a phase-sensitive detection technique using a rotational sensitive property of the Sagnac interferometer. The measured values were reproducible to within 10 % accuracy.
Laser Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Future In Situ Planetary Missions (2012)

Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOF-MS) is a versatile, low-complexity instrument class that holds significant promise for future landed in situ planetary missions that emphasize compositional analysis of surface materials. Here we describe a 5kg-class instrument that is capable of detecting and analyzing a variety of analytes directly from rock or ice samples. Through laboratory studies of a suite of representative samples, we show that detection and analysis of key mineral composition, small organics, and particularly, higher molecular weight organics are well suited to this instrument design. A mass range exceeding 100,000 Da has recently been demonstrated. We describe recent efforts in instrument prototype development and future directions that will enhance our analytical capabilities targeting organic mixtures on primitive and icy bodies. We present results on a series of standards, simulated mixtures, and meteoritic samples.
Ultrasound image-based absolute concentration measurement technique for materials with low scatterer concentration (2015)

Ultrasound-based concentration measurement of micron-scale particles has a wide range of potential applications. Ultrasound enables nondestructive analysis of the sample, which allows for large analysis volume resulting in lower measurement uncertainty. The proposed method measures the concentration of dilute monodispersed sample by estimating the volume of a B-mode ultrasound image. It requires that the image be acquired with a linearly-scanned high frequency disk transducer. The method relies on the radial symmetry of disk transducer to estimate the volume of the image by analyzing the spreading of individual scatterers. The proposed method produces consistent results compared to the hemocytometer method and achieves lower measurement uncertainty.
Vocalistener: A Singing-To-Singing Synthesis System Based On Iterative Parameter Estimation (2009)

(Abstract to follow)