gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage and Microencapsulation of Islets for Transplantation (2000)

Microencapsulation is an effective means of immunoisolation for pancreatic islet transplants. However, the process of isolating, purifying, encapsulating, and transplanting islets in a single day is labor intensive and difficult for routine use. There is an apparent need for reliable methods of islet storage, and cryopreservation has emerged as an attractive system of islet banking. While studies have shown that cryopreserved islets are viable when tested unencapsulated after thawing, it is not clear if the combination of freezing and encapsulation would affect islet function. The purpose of the present study was to determine the in vitro function of cryopreserved islets following thawing and microencapsulation. Islets were isolated from the pancreata of Sprague-Dawley rats and cryopreserved under liquid nitrogen for either 1 week or 1 month, following an overnight culture at 37 degrees C. Upon thawing, the islets were tested either unencapsulated or after encapsulation in polylysine-alginate membrane. In all experiments islets were preperifused for 1 h at 37 degrees C with a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 3.3 mM (60 mg/dl) glucose and maintained at pH 7.4 by continuous gassing with 95% air/5% CO2. Following basal effluent sample collection on ice, the glucose concentration was raised to 16.7 mM (300 mg/dl). It was found that, within 10 min of high glucose stimulation, an average of twofold increase in insulin secretion (p < 0.01) was obtained in islets within or without microcapsules. We conclude that islets cryopreserved for 1 month prior to thawing and microencapsulation retained functional viability as determined in in vitro experiments.
The use of spatially based complexity measures towards color gamut mapping and image resizing (2009)

Several color-imaging algorithms such as color gamut mapping to a target device and resizing of color images have traditionally involved pixel-wise operations. That is, each color value is processed independent of its neighbors in the image. In recent years, applications such as spatial gamut mapping have demonstrated the virtues of incorporating spatial context into color processing tasks. In this paper, we investigate the use of locally based measures of image complexity such as the entropy to enhance the performance of two color imaging algorithms <i>viz</i>. spatial gamut mapping and content-aware resizing of color images. When applied to spatial gamut mapping (SGM), the use of these spatially based local complexity measures helps adaptively determine gamut mapping parameters as a function of image content - hence eliminating certain artifacts commonly encountered in SGM algorithms. Likewise, developing measures of complexity of color-content in a pixel neighborhood can help significantly enhance performance of content-aware resizing algorithms for color images. While the paper successfully employs intuitively based measures of image complexity, it also aims to bring to light potentially greater rewards that may be reaped should more formal measures of local complexity of color content be developed.
Serodiagnosis of Recently Acquired <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Infection Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with a Combination of Recombinant Antigens (2000)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using four recombinant antigens of Toxoplasma gondii (rP22, rP25, rP29, and rP35) was used in an attempt to differentiate pregnant women with toxoplasma serologic profiles (TSPs) indicative of recently acquired infections (acute profile) from those with TSPs indicative of infections acquired in the distant past (chronic profile). In general, immunoglobulin G antibodies in sera from women with the acute profile reacted more strongly with the recombinant antigens than did those in sera from women with the chronic profile. However, reactivities differed significantly between antigens that reacted with a single serum and between sera that reacted with a single antigen. Because of these variations, we employed a combination of the four antigens in an ELISA (Comb-ELISA) and evaluated its ability to distinguish pregnant women with the acute profile from those with the chronic profile. Eighteen of 20 (90%) sera from acute-profile women were positive in the Comb-ELISA, whereas 69 of 70 (98.6%) sera from the chronic-profile women were negative. Thus, the Comb-ELISA may be useful for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and for differentiation between recently acquired infections and infections acquired in the more distant past.
Optically active dilute-antimonide III-nitride nanostructures for optoelectronic devices (2017)

We have studied the epitaxy, energy bandgap, and structural and optical properties of GaSbN nanostructures in the dilute antimony (Sb) limit (Sb concentration &lt; 1%). GaSbN nanowire structures are grown on a Si substrate by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. It is observed, both theoretically and experimentally, that the incorporation of a very small amount of Sb (&lt;1%) in GaN can substantially reduce the energy bandgap of GaN from 3.4 eV to ∼2 eV. We have further demonstrated that emission wavelengths of GaSbN nanowires can be tuned from ∼365 nm to 600 nm at room-temperature by varying the Sb incorporation. Functional GaSbN nanowire light-emitting diodes are also demonstrated, which exhibit strong emission in the deep-visible spectral range.
WE‐A‐108‐01: BEST IN PHYSICS (THERAPY) — A Real‐Time Applicator Position Monitoring System (RAPS) for Intracavitary High‐Dose‐Rate Brachytherapy (2013)

Purpose: To develop a real‐time applicator position monitoring system (RAPS) for intracavitary brachytherapy using an infrared camera and reflective markers. Methods: 3D imaging‐guided brachytherapy requires high accuracy of applicator localization; however, applicator displacement can happen during patient transfer for imaging and treatment delivery. No continuous applicator position monitoring system is currently available. The RAPS system was developed for continuous applicator position monitoring without additional radiation dose to patients. The RAPS system includes an infrared camera, reflective markers, an infrared illuminator, and image processing software. After reflective markers are firmly attached to the applicator and patient body, applicator displacement are measured by computing the relative change in distance between the markers. The reflective markers are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible, suitable for MRI‐guided conformal HDR brachytherapy paradigm. In our prototype, a Microsoft Kinect sensor with a resolution of 640 by 480 was used as an infrared camera. A phantom study was carried out to compare RAPS' measurements with known displacements ranging from −15 mm to +15mm. A reproducibility test was also conducted. Results: The RAPS can achieve 4 frames per second using a laptop with Intel Core 2 dual CPU. When the pixel size was 0.95 mm, the difference between RAPS' measurements and known shifts ranged from 0 to 0.8 mm, with the mean value of 0.1 mm and a standard deviation of 0.44 mm. The system reproducibility was within 0.6 mm after 10 reposition trials. At SAD of 60 cm, 7 cm camera position uncertainty in vertical direction introduced 1.0 mm measurement uncertainty. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the feasibility of a real‐time infrared camera based brachytherapy applicator monitoring system. Less than 1mm accuracy was achieved when using an off‐the‐shelf low resolution infrared camera.
Electric Power Generation Using Buoyancy-Induced Vortices Sustained by Entrained Solar-Heated Air (2013)

Thermally-stratified air layers over solar-heated ground are exploited for a scalable, low-cost method of power generation by the deliberate formation of intense buoyancy-induced vertical columnar vortices, similar to naturally-occurring desert “dust devils.” Such vortices collect low-grade thermal energy in solar-heated air in regions with high surface heating rates, and convert the (gravitational) potential energy in the concentrated buoyant air into “solar-induced wind” with significant kinetic energy. Unlike dust devil vortices that are typically free to wander laterally and are therefore susceptible to cross winds, the anchored columnar vortex is deliberately triggered and anchored within a cylindrical domain bounded by an azimuthal array of stationary ground-mounted vertical vanes sustained by continuous entrainment of the heated air through these vanes. Solar energy collected by the ground plane sustains the anchored vortex and electric power is generated by using the air motion to drive a vertical-axis turbine to form a simple, low-cost electric power generating unit. In terms of cost-of-energy, intermittency, mechanical simplicity, and environmental impact, the approach has significant advantages compared to solar PV, CSP, and conventional wind turbines. Meter-scale laboratory experiments have demonstrated the nucleation, anchoring, and sustainment of strong, buoyancy-driven vortices centered within an azimuthal array of stationary vertical vanes above a controlled thermal ground plane. Outdoor tests of a meter-scale prototype have demonstrated autonomous start-up, formation, anchoring, and sustainment of a buoyancy-induced vortex generated solely by absorbed solar energy.
Purification of parathyroid hypertensive factor from plasma of spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1991)

Parathyroid hypertensive factor (PHF) is a newly described hypertensive factor that may be related to elevation of blood pressure in 30-40% of North American essential hypertensive patients. PHF is also found in several animal models of hypertension, including spontaneously hypertensive rats, and deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertensive rats. Plasma collected from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was used in the present study for purification of PHF. Plasma was dialyzed at a molecular mass cutoff of 1 kDa, and then ultrafiltered at a molecular mass cutoff of 5 kDa. PHF activity, as determined by bioassay (characteristic delayed hypertensive response in normotensive rat) was retained in the fraction that was greater than 1 kDa and less than 5 kDa. Dialyzed and ultrafiltered SHR plasma was fractionated by molecular-exclusion chromatography, either with Bio-Gel P-6 liquid chromatography, or TSK 2000 SW HPLC. The biological activity was detected in a discrete region corresponding to a molecular mass of 2.5-3 kDa. When the molecular-exclusion fraction was subsequently fractionated by reverse-phase HPLC, biological activity was located in a single discrete peak, which did not occur in plasma from normotensive rats prepared in a similar manner. The biologically active fraction of PHF was inactivated by trypsin; this and its UV spectrum indicate the presence of a peptide structure.
Metric transformation for a turbo‐coded DPSK waveform (2003)

Abstract The classical turbo‐decoding algorithm is based on the assumption that the input sequence to the decoder has been disturbed by a noise process that has a Gaussian distribution. For a differentially coherent phase shift keying (DPSK) waveform, the output statistics of a differentially coherent demodulator is nonGaussian. When this sequence is fed directly into the turbo decoder, particularly under a fading environment, the mismatch between decoder algorithm assumptions and actual input statistics can result in significant decoder performance degradation. This paper investigates the bit error performance for such a mismatch for the DPSK waveform. Techniques for forming enhanced turbo‐decoding metrics with biased channel side information (CSI) are proposed. Using these new metrics, error performance in fading conditions is shown to improve significantly. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient power conversion for ultra low voltage micro scale energy transducers (2010)

Energy harvesting has emerged as a feasible and attractive option to improve battery lifetime in micro-scale electronic systems such as biomedical implants and wireless sensor nodes. A key challenge in designing micro-scale energy harvesting systems is that miniature energy transducers (e.g., photovoltaic cells, thermo-electric generators, and fuel cells) output very low voltages (0-0.4V). Therefore, a fully on-chip power converter (usually based on a charge pump) is used to boost the output voltage of the energy transducer and transfer charge into an energy buffer for storage. However, the charge transfer capability of widely used linear charge pump based power converters degrades when used with ultra-low voltage energy transducers. This paper presents the design of a new tree topology charge pump that has a reduced charge sharing time, leading to an improved charge transfer capability. The proposed design has been implemented using 65nm technology and circuit simulations demonstrate that the proposed design results in an increase of up to 30% in harvested power compared to existing linear charge pumps.
Passaged Adult Chondrocytes Can Form Engineered Cartilage with Functional Mechanical Properties: A Canine Model (2009)

It was hypothesized that previously optimized serum-free culture conditions for juvenile bovine chondrocytes could be adapted to generate engineered cartilage with physiologic mechanical properties in a preclinical, adult canine model. Primary or passaged (using growth factors) adult chondrocytes from three adult dogs were encapsulated in agarose, and cultured in serum-free media with transforming growth factor-beta3. After 28 days in culture, engineered cartilage formed by primary chondrocytes exhibited only small increases in glycosaminoglycan content. However, all passaged chondrocytes on day 28 elaborated a cartilage matrix with compressive properties and glycosaminoglycan content in the range of native adult canine cartilage values. A preliminary biocompatibility study utilizing chondral and osteochondral constructs showed no gross or histological signs of rejection, with all implanted constructs showing excellent integration with surrounding cartilage and subchondral bone. This study demonstrates that adult canine chondrocytes can form a mechanically functional, biocompatible engineered cartilage tissue under optimized culture conditions. The encouraging findings of this work highlight the potential for tissue engineering strategies using adult chondrocytes in the clinical treatment of cartilage defects.
Thin metamaterial lens for directive radiation (2011)

A study is presented on the wave collimation effects of a low-index uniaxial metamaterial slab with the optic axis parallel to the direction of wave propagation. A thin metamaterial lens of such a medium is shown to achieve highly directive radiation. A design example comprised of a metamaterial lens with matched permittivity and permeability placed over a crossed-dipole is presented to demonstrate the enhanced broadside directivity of the antenna system.
Synthetic Control of Manganese Birnessite:  Impact of Crystallite Size on Li, Na, and Mg Based Electrochemistry (2017)

Manganese oxide materials are desirable cathode materials due to their low cost and environmentally benign character. Specifically, 2-D layered birnessite (R y MnO 2 ·xH 2 O, R = monovalent or divalent metal ions) materials are conceptually appealing because of their excellent ion-exchange properties. Edge-sharing MnO 6 octahedra constitute the MnO 2 layers where the interlayer spacing of 7 Å is occupied by metal ions and water molecules. Herein, we designed a study of a Mg cation containing birnessite with different crystallite sizes synthesized through a room temperature precipitation and ion exchange reaction, and characterized to determine structure and magnesium content. Electrochemical behavior was tested in lithium ion, sodium ion and magnesium ion based electrolytes, where the influence of crystallite size on electrochemical activity of Mg-birnessite was evaluated. Results and implications for future materials design will be discussed.
<i>S</i>-Adenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-methionine Production by<i>Saccharomyces sake:</i>. Optimization of the Culture Conditions for the Production of Cells with a High S-Adenosyl-<scp>l</scp>-methionine Content (1989)

Journal Article S-Adenosyl- l-methionine Production by Saccharomyces sake:. Optimization of the Culture Conditions for the Production of Cells with a High S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Content Get access Shozo Shiozaki, Shozo Shiozaki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Present address:Life Science Institute, Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd., Research and Development Center, 1–2–1 Yako, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sakayu Shimizu, Sakayu Shimizu Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideaki Yamada Hideaki Yamada Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 53, Issue 12, 1 December 1989, Pages 3269–3274, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1989.10869862 Published: 01 December 1989 Article history Received: 26 June 1989 Published: 01 December 1989
Architectures for Maximum-Sequence-Length Digital Delta-Sigma Modulators (2008)

In this paper, we extend the idea developed in some of our earlier works of using output feedback to make the quantization step in a digital delta-sigma modulator (DDSM) appear prime. This maximizes the cycle lengths for constant inputs, spreading the quantization error over the maximum number of frequency terms, and consequently, minimizing the power per tone. We show how this concept can be applied to multibit higher order error-feedback modulators (EFMs). In addition, we show that the idea can be implemented in a class of single-quantizer DDSMs (SQ-DDSM) where STF (z)=z <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-L</sup> and NTF (z)=(1-z <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> .
Identification of Hyaluronan Binding Proteins Using a Biotinylated Hyaluronan Probe (1993)

A method for detecting hyaluronan (HA)-binding proteins in transblot assays using biotinylated HA (BHA) is described. Some of the binding characteristics of a novel HA receptor termed RHAMM (Receptor for HA-Mediated Motility) are characterized using this assay. The method is also used to detect other HA-binding proteins in tissue homogenates. This method is semiquantitative, rapid, reproducible, sensitive and therefore of potential use in identifying the levels of HA-binding proteins in different cells and tissues.
Antineoplastic Agents. 379. Synthesis of Phenstatin Phosphate<sup>1a,</sup> (1998)

A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the South African willow tree (Combretum caffrum) antineoplastic constituent combretastatin A-4 (1b) directed at maintaining the (Z)-stilbene relationship of the olefin diphenyl substituents led to synthesis of a potent cancer cell growth inhibitor designated phenstatin (3b). Initially phenstatin silyl ether (3a) was unexpectedly obtained by Jacobsen oxidation of combretastatin A-4 silyl ether (1c --> 3a), and the parent phenstatin (3b) was later synthesized (6a --> 3a --> 3b) in quantity. Phenstatin was converted to the sodium phosphate prodrug (3d) by a dibenzyl phosphite phosphorylation and subsequent hydrogenolysis sequence (3b --> 3c --> 3d). Phenstatin (3b) inhibited growth of the pathogenic bacterium Neisseriagonorrhoeae and was a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization and the binding of colchicine to tubulin comparable to combretastatin A-4 (1b). Interestingly, the prodrugs were found to have reduced activity in these biochemical assays. While no significant tubulin activity was observed with the phosphorylated derivative of combretastatin A-4 (1d), phosphate 3d retained detectable inhibitory effects in both assays.
Phosphorylation and Activation of Ca2+-Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase IV by Ca2+-Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Ia Kinase (1995)

Purified pig brain Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase Ia kinase (Lee, J. C., and Edelman, A. M. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 2158-2164) enhances, by up to 24-fold, the activity of recombinant CaM kinase IV in a reaction also requiring Ca(2+)-CaM and MgATP. The addition of brain extract, although capable of activating CaM kinase IV by itself, provides no further activation beyond that induced by purified CaM kinase Ia kinase, consistent with the lack of a requirement of additional components for activation. Activation is accompanied by the development of significant (38%) Ca(2+)-CaM-independent CaM kinase IV activity. In parallel fashion to its activation, CaM kinase IV is phosphorylated in a CaM kinase Ia kinase-, Ca(2+)-CaM-, and MgATP-dependent manner. Phosphorylation occurs on multiple serine and threonine residues with a Ser-P:Thr-P ratio of approximately 3:1. The identical requirements for phosphorylation and activation and a linear relationship between extent of phosphorylation of CaM kinase IV and its activation state indicate that CaM kinase IV activation is induced by its phosphorylation. Replacement of Thr-196 of CaM kinase IV with a nonphosphorylatable alanine by site-directed mutagenesis abolishes both the phosphorylation and activation of CaM kinase IV, demonstrating that Thr-196 phosphorylation is essential for activation.
Computer‐aided diagnostic scheme for lung nodule detection in digital chest radiographs by use of a multiple‐template matching technique (2001)

We have been developing a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme to assist radiologists in improving the detection of pulmonary nodules in chest radiographs, because radiologists can miss as many as 30% of pulmonary nodules in routine clinical practice. A key to the successful clinical application of a CAD scheme is to ensure that there are only a small number of false positives that are incorrectly reported as nodules by the scheme. In order to significantly reduce the number of false positives in our CAD scheme, we developed, in this study, a multiple-template matching technique, in which a test candidate can be identified as a false positive and thus eliminated, if its largest cross-correlation value with non-nodule templates is larger than that with nodule templates. We describe the technique for determination of cross-correlation values for test candidates with nodule templates and non-nodule templates, the technique for creation of a large number of nodule templates and non-nodule templates, and the technique for removal of nodulelike non-nodule templates and non-nodulelike nodule templates, in order to achieve a good performance. In our study, a large number of false positives (44.3%) were removed with reduction of a very small number of true positives (2.3%) by use of the multiple-template matching technique. We believe that this technique can be used to significantly improve the performance of CAD schemes for lung nodule detection in chest radiographs.