gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Resistance Caused by Massive Degradation of Subcutaneous Insulin (1979)

Severe resistance to subcutaneous insulin but sensitivity to intravenous insulin persisted for 15 months in a 17-year-old diabetic girl. Heat-labile insulin-degrading activity was present in the patient's ketotic sera and in the 100,000 g fraction (soluble fraction) of adipose tissue. Serum-degrading activity was not inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. The soluble fraction also degraded glucagon and B chain but not growth hormone or myoglobin. It was inhibited by incubation with the patient's nonketotic sera, normal sera, or Trasylol. Glutathione-insulin-transhydrogenase (GIT) activity was 66% of normal. The biopsy of adipose tissue at remission showed a normal level of insulin- and glucagon-degrading activity. The activity was eluted from Sephadex G200 as a single peak and had properties consistent with those of the insulin-specific protease (ISP). The increased degrading activity present during insulin resistance had properties not shared with ISP, suggesting the presence of an uncharacterized protease.
Docking Protein FRS2 Links the Protein Tyrosine Kinase RET and Its Oncogenic Forms with the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade (2001)

The receptor tyrosine kinase RET functions as the signal transducing receptor for the GDNF (for "glial cell-derived neurotrophic factors") family of ligands. Mutations in the RET gene were implicated in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), and thyroid carcinomas. In this report we demonstrate that the docking protein FRS2 is tyrosine phosphorylated by ligand-stimulated and by constitutively activated oncogenic forms of RET. Complex formation between RET and FRS2 is mediated by binding of the phosphotyrosine-binding domain of FRS2 to pY1062, a residue in RET that also functions as a binding site for Shc. However, overexpression of FRS2 but not Shc potentiates mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation by RET oncoproteins. We demonstrate that oncogenic RET-PTC proteins are associated with FRS2 constitutively, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of FRS2, MAP kinase stimulation, and cell proliferation. However, loss-of-function HSCR-associated RET mutants exhibit impaired FRS2 binding and reduced MAP kinase activation. These experiments demonstrate that FRS2 couples both ligand-regulated and oncogenic forms of RET, with the MAP kinase signaling cascade as part of the response of RET under normal biological conditions and pathological conditions, such as MEN 2 and papillary thyroid carcinomas.
Desafios e perspetivas do estudo da lealdade em destinos turísticos (2020)

O presente ensaio teórico discute questões como as diferenças motivacionais entre turistas leais e não leais, tipologias de lealdade turística e desafios e perspetivas para novas investigações na área. O ensaio identifica cinco aspectos peculiares dos estudos na área: 1) a experiência do turista com o destino sofre interferências dos diversos prestadores de serviços envolvidos no turismo e, com isso, os atributos do destino que interferem na lealdade são multifacetados, exigindo maior atenção dos pesquisadores do setor, 2) a literatura mostra conclusões divergentes quanto ao facto de turistas leais gastarem menos dinheiro que os turistas de primeira viagem, 3) a conceção tradicional do marketing de que o processo decisório entre clientes leais e não leais é diferente não pode ser presumida no contexto turístico, 4) a revisitação não é o resultado de um processo de tomada de decisão nominal e a satisfação não conduz, necessariamente, à revisitação, 5) as motivações interpessoais, as características psicológicas e os padrões de consumo dos turistas são fatores que devem ser averiguados com mais profundidade em estudos posteriores.
Rethinking Statistics for Quality Control (2010)

As methods used for statistical process control (SPC) become more sophisticated, it becomes apparent that the required tools have not been included in courses that teach statistics in quality control. A basic description of these tools and their applica..
Rapid-thermal-oxidised porous Si photodetectors (1993)

A phototransistor with responsivity greater than 0.7 A/W for 500 nm irradiance and a photodiode with quantum efficiency of 75% at a wavelength of 740 nm have been fabricated using rapid-thermal-oxidised porous Si (RTOPS). We have observed that chemical processes in the photolithography do not damage the RTOPS layers.
A novel blind adaptive algorithm for channel equalization in WCDMA downlink (2002)

In the downlink of the wideband code division multiple-access (WCDMA) system users are separated by the means of orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes. The orthogonality of the users is lost in multipath channels causing multiple access interference in the system. To suppress the interference in the downlink, it has been proposed to utilize linear channel equalization to partially restore the orthogonality of the users' spreading codes. The well-known LMMSE equalizer, however, may be computationally too involved for practical applications. This is why adaptive solutions am preferred. In this paper, a novel adaptive approach for linear estimation and equalization is presented. Contrary to many other techniques, the applied blind adaptive algorithm can be used without changes also in multi antenna transmission systems, such as space-time coded transmission, and with long scrambling codes. The performance of the new adaptive LMMSE receiver is evaluated in a complete UTRA FDD downlink simulator and is compared to conventional RAKE receiver.
El Papel estratégico de las ferias de turismo (2023)

Las ferias de turismo han desempeñado un papel importante, facilitando la función comercializadora de las empresas en la fase fordiana del turismo. En la nueva era del turismo su misión es más compleja: contribuir sistemáticamente a la competitividad de empresas y cluslers, potenciando su función información. Se examinan las implicaciones de política empresarial turística en esta nueva era y la contribución actual y potencial de las ferias de turismo a la mejora de cada uno de los factores de competitividad porterianos: de demanda de inputs, de industrias de apoyo y de tejido empresarial. Finalmente, se establecen directrices estratégicas para el desarrollo de las ferias de turismo y la optimización de la participación en ellas.
RETRACTED: Characterization of capsaicin synthase and identification of its gene ( <i>csy1</i> ) for pungency factor capsaicin in pepper ( <i>Capsicum</i> sp.) (2006)

Capsaicin is a unique alkaloid of the plant kingdom restricted to the genus Capsicum. Capsaicin is the pungency factor, a bioactive molecule of food and of medicinal importance. Capsaicin is useful as a counterirritant, antiarthritic, analgesic, antioxidant, and anticancer agent. Capsaicin biosynthesis involves condensation of vanillylamine and 8-methyl nonenoic acid, brought about by capsaicin synthase (CS). We found that CS activity correlated with genotype-specific capsaicin levels. We purified and characterized CS ( approximately 35 kDa). Immunolocalization studies confirmed that CS is specifically localized to the placental tissues of Capsicum fruits. Western blot analysis revealed concomitant enhancement of CS levels and capsaicin accumulation during fruit development. We determined the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified CS, cloned the CS gene (csy1) and sequenced full-length cDNA (981 bp). The deduced amino acid sequence of CS from full-length cDNA was 38 kDa. Functionality of csy1 through heterologous expression in recombinant Escherichia coli was also demonstrated. Here we report the gene responsible for capsaicin biosynthesis, which is unique to Capsicum spp. With this information on the CS gene, speculation on the gene for pungency is unequivocally resolved. Our findings have implications in the regulation of capsaicin levels in Capsicum genotypes.
Centrifuge Measurements of Capillary Pressure: Part 1-Outflow Boundary Condition (1992)

Summary The capillary pressure curve is estimated from centrifuge measurements with the assumption that Pc =0 at the outflow end of the core. With the proper end piece to support the core sample, this boundary condition is valid in practically all circumstances. If the end piece is wetted by the produced liquid, however, experiments show that the capillary pressure curve is altered significantly. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that film drainage can displace the zero-capillary-pressure boundary condition to the bottom of the end piece or farther. Accordingly, we recommend that the displaced phase not wet the end piece; in the case of water, a teflon end piece is recommended over the commonly used rubber one. When the end piece is not a problem, the condition for 100% liquid saturation at the outflow face can be expressed as a critical Bond number, which is rarely exceeded. Saturation profiles for an experiment just below the critical Bond number were in excellent agreement with predictions. Pendant drops at the outflow face can result in a nonzero capillary pressure at the outflow face, but this effect is insignificant. Good agreement was obtained between mercury injection and centrifuge-measured capillary pressure curves. Attention is drawn to the importance of core jacketing, core cleaning, and equilibration times in providing reliable centrifuge-measured capillary pressure curves.
Reactive Polymers: A Versatile Toolbox for the Immobilization of Functional Molecules on TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles (2006)

Drei in einem: TiO2-Nanopartikel wurden mit reaktiven polymeren Liganden funktionalisiert, die drei Arten von Gruppen enthalten: chelatisierende Dopamin-Ankergruppen, eine Bindungsstelle für funktionale Moleküle wie Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe (siehe Bild) sowie Gruppen, die es ermöglichen, die Löslichkeit der anorganischen Nanokristalle in unterschiedlichen Lösungsmitteln einzustellen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z502517_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Counterfeiting attack on a lossless authentication watermarking scheme (2003)

This paper describes an effective attack on a lossless authentication watermarking scheme [Fridrich et. al 2001]. Given sufficient number of pairs of stego-images and its cover-images, an attacker can obtain the data (e.g., random walk sequence, lookup table) generated from a secret key. With these data, the attacker can easily forge authentic images. The experiment demonstrates this attack is very efficient to the lossless watermarking scheme. To avoid such attack, we modify the process of lookup table generation so that the table is variable with the content of the cover-image.
Comparative overview of RNA polymerase II and III transcription cycles, with focus on RNA polymerase III termination and reinitiation (2013)

In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase (RNAP) III transcribes hundreds of genes for tRNAs and 5S rRNA, among others, which share similar promoters and stable transcription initiation complexes (TIC), which support rapid RNAP III recycling. In contrast, RNAP II transcribes a large number of genes with highly variable promoters and interacting factors, which exert fine regulatory control over TIC lability and modifications of RNAP II at different transitional points in the transcription cycle. We review data that illustrate a relatively smooth continuity of RNAP III initiation-elongation-termination and reinitiation toward its function to produce high levels of tRNAs and other RNAs that support growth and development.
Control of grid connected and islanding operations of distributed generation systems with seamless transfer between modes (2013)

Intentional islanding of distributed generation systems requires seamless transition of power between grid connected and islanding modes, ensuring little or no disruption to the local loads. This paper conducts a detail study regarding the factors affecting seamless transition. A control scheme for grid connected and islanding mode of operation with a passive islanding detection algorithm, synchronization algorithm and recloser algorithm is developed. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the controller in grid connected and islanding modes and the possibility of seamless transition between both modes is verified.
Magnetic resonance imaging and cochlear implants: Compatibility and safety aspects (1999)

With cochlear implants, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has until recently been contraindicated due to excessive magnetic and electromagnetic interference. The aim of this study was to determine the MRI compatibility of the Med-E1 Combi 40/40+ cochlear implant, within a wide range of clinical MRI applications. In vitro experiments on a 1.5 T MR scanner were performed. Torque, force, demagnetization, artifacts, induced voltages, and temperature increase were measured in worst case scenarios for the implant. In addition, stabilization experiments were performed. It was shown that most of the electromagnetic interferences between the cochlear implant and the 1.5 T scanner remained within acceptable limits. One exception is the torque on the internal magnet, which represents a hazard for patients with these cochlear implants. Therefore, MRI examination should only be performed if there is a strong medical indication, and certainly some assessment of the relative risks involved versus the risk of not providing the diagnostic capabilities of MRI, will have to be made. Appropriate safety measures should be taken.
Spectral-based printer modeling and characterization (2005)

Spectral characterization involves building a model that relates the device dependent representation to the reflectance function of the printed color, usually represented with a high number of reflectance samples at different wavelengths. Look-up table-based approaches, conventionally employed for colorimetric device characterization cannot be easily scaled to multispectral representations, but methods for the analytical description of devices are required. The article describes an innovative analytical printer model based on the Yule–Nielsen Spectral Neugebauer equation and formulated with a large number of degrees of freedom in order to account for dot-gain, ink interactions, and printer driver operations. To estimate our model's parameters we use genetic algorithms. No assumption is made concerning the sequence of inks during printing, and the printers are treated as RGB devices (the printer-driver operations are included in the model). We have tested our characterization method, which requires only about 130 measurements to train the learning algorithm, on four different inkjet printers, using different kinds of paper and drivers. The test set used for model evaluation was composed of 777 samples, uniformly distributed over the RGB color space.
Improving Urdu Recognition Using Character-Based Artistic Features of Nastalique Calligraphy (2019)

The state-of-the-art Urdu recognition approaches for Nastalique use features along with the sequence of characters’ labels for classification and recognition. In Arabic-like cursive script, the characters are joined together to form a ligature. The conventional methods process the connected stroke of ligatures as a sequence of characters. However, connected stroke of a ligature image has a sequence of pairs of characters and their joiners, instead of a sequence of characters. The character has a distinctive shape that clearly distinguishes it from other characters. The joiner preserves the connecting stroke shape of a character with the next character. In this paper, an implicit Urdu character recognition technique is presented for the Nastalique writing style that is based on recognition of characters and joiners. The detailed analysis of the Nastalique calligraphy is carried out to extract the artistic features of characters and their joiners. The presented technique is tested on Dataset-1 of 1446 ligature classes covering 3309762 ligature instances and 91129 unique Urdu words. In addition, the system is also tested on 1600 text lines of UPTI dataset called Dataset-2. The character recognition accuracies are 95.58% and 98.37% on Dataset-1 and Dataset-2, respectively. The results reveal that the system outperforms the state-of-the-art hidden Markov models and deep learning-based Urdu recognition techniques.
COMPASS: Coding and Multidirectional Parameterization of Ambisonic Sound Scenes (2018)

Current methods for immersive playback of spatial sound content aim at flexibility in terms of encoding and decoding, abstracting the two from the recording or playback setup. Ambisonics constitutes such a method, that is however signal-independent, and at low spatial resolutions fails to provide appropriate spatialization cues to the listener, with potential severe colouration effects and localization ambiguity. We present a new signal-dependent method for parametric analysis and synthesis of ambisonic sound scenes that takes advantage of the flexibility of Ambisonics as a spatial audio format, while improving reproduction. The proposed approach considers a more general acoustic model than previous proposals, with multiple source signals and a non isotropic ambient component. According to a listening test using headphones, the method is perceived closer to binaural reference sound scenes than ambisonic playback.
A Focused He<sup>+</sup> Ion Beam with a High Angular Current Density (1992)

Focusing characteristics of an ion beam from a He field ion source were investigated. For a W emitter as installed, a beam with an ion current of 0.7 pA was focused into 0.2 µm because the angular current density did not exceed 0.02 µA/sr. Improvement of angular current density was attempted by using the emission from a cleaned W (111) facet treated by field evaporation. From observation of field ion microscope images, it was found that the angular current density in the axial direction is dependent on the size of the (111) facet. For a large facet, a ringlike emission was obtained and the angular current density in the axial direction was not improved by adjustment of the extraction voltage. It is necessary to fabricate a facet of less than a few tens of atoms to achieve high current beam of axial direction. A beam with an angular current density of about 1 µA/sr was applicable to a focused ion beam after appropriate field evaporation.
Structural characteristics of term human fetal membranes prior to labour: identification of an area of altered morphology overlying the cervix (1999)

Premature rupture of fetal membranes can have serious clinical implications, especially for the initiation of preterm labour and its consequences. To account for this phenomenon many studies have attempted to identify membrane features that may be uniquely associated with the site of rupture. Our previous work has identified an area of the fetal membrane, following spontaneous term birth which exhibits alterations consistent with structural weakness. The aim of this study was to determine if these changes existed prior to labour. In formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections an area of the fetal membrane overlying the cervix, termed the 'cervical membranes', was characterized by an increased thickness of the connective tissue layer (215% increase, P < 0.01) and decreased thickness of both the cytotrophoblast (36% reduction, P < 0.01) and decidual layers (64% reduction, P < 0.01) compared to the rest of the membrane. This resulted in the cervical membranes being significantly thinner (P < 0.05) than the rest of the membrane. Similar changes were also detected in frozen sections of fetal membranes. These regional differences have two important implications in that: (i) the cervical membrane may represent a region of structural weakness susceptible to rupture during labour, and (ii) the paracrine relationships between fetal membranes and the myometrium may be qualitatively affected within different regions of the uterus.
A fuzzy-syntactic approach to allograph modeling for cursive script recognition (1995)

This paper presents an original method for creating allograph models and recognizing them within cursive handwriting. This method concentrates on the morphological aspect of cursive script recognition. It uses fuzzy-shape grammars to define the morphological characteristics of conventional allographs which can be viewed as basic knowledge for developing a writer independent recognition system. The system uses no linguistic knowledge to output character sequences that possibly correspond to an unknown cursive word input. The recognition method is tested using multi-writer cursive random letter sequences. For a test dataset containing a handwritten cursive text 600 characters in length written by ten different writers, average character recognition rates of 84.4% to 91.6% are obtained, depending on whether only the best character sequence output of the system is considered or if the best of the top 10 is accepted. These results are achieved without any writer-dependent tuning. The same dataset is used to evaluate the performance of human readers. An average recognition rate of 96.0% was reached, using ten different readers, presented with randomized samples of each writer. The worst reader-writer performance was 78.3%. Moreover, results show that system performances are highly correlated with human performances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Combined with Volume Guarantee in a Neonatal Animal Model of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2013)

Objective . To assess volume guarantee (VG) ventilation combined with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) strategy on PaCO 2 regulation in an experimental model of neonatal distress syndrome. Methods . Six 2-day-old piglets weighing kg were used for this interventional experimental study. Animals were ventilated during physiologic lung conditions and after depletion of lung surfactant by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The effect of HFOV combined with VG on PaCO 2 was evaluated at different high-frequency expired tidal volume (VThf) at constant frequency () and mean airway pressure (mPaw). Fluctuations of the pressure (ΔPhf) around the mPaw and PaCO 2 were analyzed before and after lung surfactant depletion. Results . PaCO 2 levels were inversely proportional to VThf. In the physiological lung condition, an increase in VThf caused a significant decrease in PaCO 2 and an increase in ΔPhf. After BAL, PaCO 2 did not change as compared with pre-BAL situation as the VThf remained constant by the ventilator. Conclusions . In this animal model, using HFOV combined with VG, changes in the VThf settings induced significant modifications in PaCO 2 . After changing the lung condition by depletion of surfactant, PaCO 2 remained unchanged, as the VThf setting was maintained constant by modifications in the ΔPhf done by the ventilator.
RACH Preamble Repetition in NB-IoT Network (2018)

NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a radio access technology recently standardized by 3GPP. To provide reliable connections with extended coverage, a repetition transmission scheme is applied in both Random Access CHannel (RACH) procedure and data transmission. In this letter, we model RACH in the NB-IoT network taking into account the repeated preamble transmission and collision using stochastic geometry. We derive the exact expression of RACH success probability under time correlated interference, and validate the analysis with different repetition values via independent simulations. Numerical results have shown that the repetition scheme can efficiently improve the RACH success probability in a light traffic scenario, but only slightly improves that performance with very inefficient channel resource utilization in a heavy traffic scenario.