gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineered Protein Nanocages for Targeted and Enhanced Dermal Melanocyte Cellular Uptake (2021)

Hyperpigmentation is a major cosmetic concern that results from the overproduction of melanin from melanocyte cells in the skin. Current formulations of therapeutic drugs and active molecules that are intended to be delivered to the melanocytes are not targeted, leading to inefficient delivery and undesirable side effects. There is a compelling need for delivery vehicles that target melanocytes to effectively regulate melanin production. Self‐assembling protein nanocages (PNCs) have been shown to offer safe and efficient delivery of active molecules. They are versatile protein nanoparticle platforms that can be engineered to display functional ligands to impart specific biological functions. In this work, E2 PNCs are engineered to display alpha‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (AlphaMSH) peptides as ligands for targeting and enhancing uptake by melanocytes. At 500 pM, the AlphaMSH‐modified E2 PNCs show 4‐fold increase in melanocyte cell uptake compared to bare E2 PNCs in 2 hours. This increase was less pronounced in keratinocytes. Competitive inhibition assay proves that the MC1R melanocyte cell surface receptor facilitates the uptake of E2 PNCs by mediating interaction with the displayed AlphaMSH peptides. PNCs can thus be used as targeted delivery vehicles of drugs and active molecules to melanocytes for the management of hyperpigmentation.
Reduction of White Spot Defects in CMOS Image Sensors Using CH<sub>2</sub>P-Molecular-Ion-Implanted Epitaxial Silicon Wafers (2022)

Using a new multielement-molecular-ion implantation technique with carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus, we developed an epitaxial silicon wafer with proximity gettering sinks under the epitaxial growth layer. This novel silicon wafer has a high gettering capability for metallic impurity contamination. A CMOS image sensor fabricated with this wafer shows a drastic reduction of white spot defects, as revealed by dark-current spectroscopy. Therefore, CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> P-molecular-ion-implanted epitaxial silicon wafers contribute to the improvement of high-performance CMOS image sensor characteristics. (Keywords: Molecular ion, CMOS image sensor, White spot defects)
Enzymatic Production of<scp>D</scp>-Alanine from<scp>DL</scp>-Alaninamide by Novel<scp>D</scp>-Alaninamide Specific Amide Hydrolase (1992)

Enzymatic production of D-alanine from DL-alaninamide was investigated. A bacterial strain, NJ-26, which was identified as Arthrohacter sp., was isolated from activated sludge as a producer of a D-alaninamide specific amide hydrolase (D-amidase). This strain produced D-amidase in the presence of alaninamide as an inducer. The enzyme was purified about 260-fold to near homogeneity. The enzyme is a monomer polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 67,000 as estimated by gel filtration column chromatography. The optimal pH for activity was 7.5. It showed a high D-stereospecificity toward alaninamide. The relative velocity toward L-alaninamide was about 0.7% of that toward D-alaninamide. The Km for D- and L-alaninamide were 4.2 mM and 26.1 mM, respectively. After optimization of the reaction conditions, 105 g/liter of D-alanine was generated from 210 g/liter DL-alaninamide with over 99% enatiomeric excess as a result of cellular reaction and all of the L-alaninamide remained in the reaction mixture.
Compact speaker with a protective cover (2008)

A speaker has a case having a peripheral projection, a magnetic device having a yoke, and a permanent magnet and secured to the case. A diaphragm is secured to the case at the peripheral projection. A protector has an upper plate and a cylindrical holding portion at the periphery of the upper plate. The protector is secured to the case at the cylindrical holding portion.
Synthesis of Nanocatalyst-Support Composites for Transportation Applications (2008)

Hexagonally patterned porous titania is synthesized from a titanium isopropoxide precursor using a viscous surfactant template separating nanoscopic bicontinuous channels of water and isooctane. Subsequent salt reduction in the aqueous nanochannels decorates the pore surfaces with well-separated platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. Because of the decreased mass transfer resistance provided by the patterned and interconnected macropores that persist throughout the support, these nanocomposites exhibit a significantly higher carbon monoxide oxidation efficiency than that obtained with a commercial support that has a 4 fold larger specific surface area. This simple templated synthesis strategy for creating highly organized composites has wide applications beyond the one reported here, including photocatalysis, photonic crystals, sensors and solar cells assemblies.
<title>Use of the Boulder model for the design of high-polarization fluorinated ferroelectric liquid crystals</title> (1991)

Ferroelectric (chiral) smectic C* liquid crystals have been shown to exhibit high speed, multistate electro-optic, display device and opto-electronic computing applications, particularly when incorporated into the surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) light valve. High polarizations and low viscosities are necessary to achieve the speeds desired in opto- electronic computing, waveguide, and fiber-optic applications. Use of the Boulder Model allows one to examine the most probable conformations of an FLC molecule in a hypothetical smectic C 'binding site' and thereby predict the sign and order of magnitude of the spontaneous polarization based on electronic and steric arguments for the particular chemical structure. By combining these high polarization materials with a low viscosity smectic C host, fast FLC mixtures can be formulated.
Pseudopolymorphic forms of 2 (2001)

The present invention relates to new pseudopolymorphic forms of 2-[2-[4-[bis (4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethoxy]acetic acid dihydrochloride, namely, anhydrous 2-[2-[4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethoxy]acetic acid dihydrochloride and...
Deletion of a C–terminal intrinsically disordered region of <scp>WRINKLED</scp>1 affects its stability and enhances oil accumulation in Arabidopsis (2015)

WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a key transcription factor governing plant oil biosynthesis. We characterized three intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in Arabidopsis WRI1, and found that one C-terminal IDR of AtWRI1 (IDR3) affects the stability of AtWRI1. Analysis by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast-two-hybrid assays indicated that the IDR3 domain does not determine WRI1 stability by interacting with BTB/POZ-MATH proteins connecting AtWRI1 with CULLIN3-based E3 ligases. Analysis of the WRI1 sequence revealed that a putative PEST motif (proteolytic signal) is located at the C-terminal region of AtWRI1(IDR) (3). We also show that a 91 amino acid domain at the C-terminus of AtWRI1 without the PEST motif is sufficient for transactivation. We found that removal of the PEST motif or mutations in putative phosphorylation sites increased the stability of AtWRI1, and led to increased oil biosynthesis when these constructs were transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. Oil content was also increased in the seeds of stable transgenic wri1-1 plants expressing AtWRI1 with mutations in the IDR3-PEST motif. Taken together, our data suggest that intrinsic disorder of AtWRI1(IDR3) may facilitate exposure of the PEST motif to protein kinases. Thus, phosphorylation of the PEST motif in the AtWRI1(IDR) (3) domain may affect AtWRI1-mediated plant oil biosynthesis. The results obtained here suggest a means to increase accumulation of oils in plant tissues through WRI1 engineering.
Active optical zoom system (2005)

In order to optically vary the magnification of an imaging system, continuous mechanical zoom lenses require multiple optical elements and use fine mechanical motion to precisely adjust the separations between individual or groups of lenses. By incorporating active elements into the optical design, we have designed and demonstrated imaging systems that are capable of variable optical magnification with no macroscopic moving parts. Changing the effective focal length and magnification of an imaging system can be accomplished by adeptly positioning two or more active optics in the optical design and appropriately adjusting the optical power of those elements. In this application, the active optics (e.g. liquid crystal spatial light modulators or deformable mirrors) serve as variable focal-length lenses. Unfortunately, the range over which currently available devices can operate (i.e. their dynamic range) is relatively small. Therefore, the key to this concept is to create large changes in the effective focal length of the system with very small changes in the focal lengths of individual elements by leveraging the optical power of conventional optical elements surrounding the active optics. By appropriately designing the optical system, these variable focal-length lenses can provide the flexibility necessary to change the overall system focal length, and therefore magnification, that is normally accomplished with mechanical motion in conventional zoom lenses.
Sacrificial BSA to block non‐specific adsorption on organosilane adlayers in ultra‐high frequency acoustic wave sensing (2013)

This follow‐up study describes the implementation of recently developed cross‐linking trichlorosilane surface chemistry with acoustic wave sensing technology for the real‐time and label‐free detection of biotin/avidin interactions. Biosensing platforms consist of unelectroded piezoelectric quartz resonator discs onto which functionalizable mixed organosilane adlayers are prepared using a new trichlorosilane cross‐linker in combination with a shorter monofunctional diluent molecule. Thiolated or aminated biotin probes can next be anchored to the mixed assembly in a single, preactivation‐free step through site‐specific coupling at pentafluorophenyl ester head moieties. Biosensing properties are assessed at ultra‐high frequency (>0.74 GHz) with the highly sensitive electromagnetic piezoelectric acoustic sensor using micromolar buffered solutions of avidin. This biosensor prototype – which generally displays good reproducibility – uses sacrificial bovine serum albumin to block non‐specific adsorption. This preliminary work in buffer constitutes an important step towards the development of real‐world biosensors able to perform with more demanding biological samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiviral properties of a dominant negative mutant of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein ICP0 (1992)

Dominant negative or trans-dominant mutants of viral proteins represent a new and exciting potential approach to antiviral therapy. Unfortunately, the extreme specificity of a given dominant negative mutant limits its general utility in treating a broad spectrum of viral diseases, since it can typically interfere with the activity of only a single viral polypeptide encoded by a single virus. However, it seems likely that dominant negative mutants of promiscuous viral trans-activator proteins, which by definition would repress rather than activate gene expression, should be able to inhibit infectious virus production for a number of different viruses. One such dominant negative mutant, derived from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) regulatory protein ICP0, was found previously to behave as a powerful repressor of gene expression from an assortment of HSV-1 and non-HSV-1 promoters in transient expression assays. In the present study, this ICP0 mutant was found to be capable of inhibiting the replication of both HSV-1 and a completely unrelated virus, human immunodeficiency virus, in cell culture. The properties of this dominant negative mutant indicate that it may have potential as a means of treating diseases caused by a number of DNA and RNA viruses. Moreover, a truncated form of ICP0 which can hypothetically be created by alternative splicing was found to possess similar inhibitory capabilities, suggesting that a virus-encoded version of this dominant negative mutant may play a role in down-regulating HSV-1 gene expression during infection in vivo.
Glucansucrase (mutant) enzymes from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 efficiently transglucosylate Stevia component rebaudioside A, resulting in a superior taste (2018)

Abstract Steviol glycosides from the leaves of the plant Stevia rebaudiana are high-potency natural sweeteners but suffer from a lingering bitterness. The Lactobacillus reuteri 180 wild-type glucansucrase Gtf180-ΔN, and in particular its Q1140E-mutant, efficiently α-glucosylated rebaudioside A (RebA), using sucrose as donor substrate. Structural analysis of the products by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy showed that both enzymes exclusively glucosylate the Glc(β1→C-19 residue of RebA, with the initial formation of an (α1→6) linkage. Docking of RebA in the active site of the enzyme revealed that only the steviol C-19 β-D-glucosyl moiety is available for glucosylation. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Gtf180-ΔN-Q1140E-catalyzed α-glucosylation of RebA, resulting in a highly productive process with a RebA conversion of 95% and a production of 115 g/L α-glucosylated products within 3 h. Development of a fed-batch reaction allowed further suppression of α-glucan synthesis which improved the product yield to 270 g/L. Sensory analysis by a trained panel revealed that glucosylated RebA products show a significant reduction in bitterness, resulting in a superior taste profile compared to RebA. The Gtf180-ΔN-Q1140E glucansucrase mutant enzyme thus is an efficient biocatalyst for generating α-glucosylated RebA variants with improved edulcorant/organoleptic properties.
Multi-bunch Operation of a Laser-Compton X-ray Source Based on Compact X-band Accelerator Technology (2016)

Abstract not provided
Static timing analyzer with source/drain identification by non-Z procedure (1996)

This paper describes an efficient signal flow determination algorithm for static timing analysis at the transistor-level. The false path problem on the transistor-level is closely related to determining transistors' signal flow. The proposed non-Z procedure greatly contributes to solve such problems. According to the experimental results, the algorithm has determined signal flow direction for nearly 100% of transistors. High percentage of signal flow determination not only contribute to eliminating false paths, but also cuts down on timing analysis running time.
Controlling the degradation of dicalcium phosphate/calcium sulfate/poly(amino acid) biocomposites for bone regeneration (2016)

Ternary biocomposites of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), calcium sulfate (CS), and poly(amino acid) copolymer (PAA) could be used as a promising degradable biomimic bone substitute. Using an in vitro degradation model, we evaluated the influence of polymerization conditions, initial amino acids, and (DCP + CS)/PAA ratio on the degradation of the resulting materials. PAA degradation was affected by both the polymerization conditions and the initial amino acids, and the degradation of the DCP/CS/PAA composites was affected by the (DCP + CS)/PAA ratio. Using a certain initial amino acids (75% ε‐aminohexanoic acid, 19% γ‐aminobutanoic acid, 4% l ‐proline, and 2% l ‐lysine) and polymerization conditions (i.e., 210°C for 2.5 h) as the polymeric phase, (DCP + CS)/PAA biocomposites were prepared with 70%, 60%, and 40% PAA. All of the biocomposites were degradable, which resulted in the release of ions/amino acids and a slight pH fluctuation of 6.76 to 7.20. In addition, these biocomposites were biocompatible based on the proliferation of L929 but varied with the degradation rates. These results suggest the potential to control the degradation rates of (DCP + CS)/PAA biocomposites for bone regeneration. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E122–E131, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Femtocell and Beacon Transmit Power Self-Calibration (2010)

Femtocell power calibration is one of the key techniques for managing interference between femtocells and macrocells due to their unplanned deployment and restricted access. To ensure robust performance, rather than using a fixed transmit (Tx) power level for all femtocells in the network, power of each femtocell must be chosen based on its surrounding RF conditions. This requires calibration of Tx power for each femtocell. To achieve this goal, a suite of power calibration techniques has been designed to ensure satisfactory femtocell coverage with minimal interference to other cells. An overview of these power calibration techniques is provided in the paper. The methods presented here use RF (network listen) measurements made by femtocells, registration statistics from non-femto mobiles and RF measurement reports from femtocell mobiles to determine the optimal transmit power level. The techniques presented here can be adapted to various deployment scenarios such as open, restricted or hybrid access femtocells, co-channel femtomacro deployment or dedicated frequency femto deployment, and can be applied for femtocell forward link as well as beacon forward link power calibration.
High frequency focused ultrasonic transducer for invasive tissue characterization (1990)

First Page
Neighboring Cell Search Techniques for LTE Systems (2010)

Long term evolution (LTE) is envisioned to be a key technology for the 4G wireless communication. In LTE systems, each user (UE) detects the surrounding base stations by searching the primary and secondary synchronization channel symbols in the received signal. Searching and tracking neighboring base stations is of great interest for UEs' handover and other applications such as base station cooperation. In this paper, we formulate the problem of neighboring cell search (NCS) for LTE systems and investigate this problem from both theoretical and practical perspectives. In particular, we first derive the sufficient signal metrics for NCS under various channel conditions and develop NCS algorithms based on these metrics. We also implement the algorithms on the simulator to validate its effectiveness.
Sketching techniques for collaborative filtering (2009)

Recommender systems attempt to highlight items that a target user is likely to find interesting. A common technique is to use collaborative filtering (CF), where multiple users share information so as to provide each with effective recommendations. A key aspect of CF systems is finding users whose tastes accurately reflect the tastes of some target user. Typically, the system looks for other agents who have had experience with many of the items the target user has examined, and whose classifi-cation of these items has a strong correlation with the classifications of the target user. Since the uni-verse of items may be enormous and huge data sets are involved, sophisticated methods must be used to quickly locate appropriate other agents. We present a method for quickly determining the proportional intersection between the items that each of two users has examined, by sending and maintaining extremely concise “sketches ” of the list of items. These sketches enable the approxima-tion of the proportional intersection within a dis-tance of , with a high probability of 1 − δ. Our sketching techniques are based on random min-wise independent hash functions, and use very little space and time, so they are well-suited for use in large-scale collaborative filtering systems. 1
Expression of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like protein by Leptospira interrogans and evaluation of its diagnostic potential in a kinetic ELISA (2004)

The search for novel antigens suitable for improved vaccines and diagnostic reagents against leptospirosis led to the identification of LigA and LigB. LigA and LigB expression were not detectable at the translation level but were detectable at the transcription level in leptospires grown in vitro. Lig genes were present in pathogenic serovars of Leptospira, but not in non-pathogenic Leptospira biflexa. The conserved and variable regions of LigA and LigB (Con, VarA and VarB) were cloned, expressed and purified as GST-fusion proteins. Purified recombinant LigA and LigB were evaluated for their diagnostic potential in a kinetic ELISA (KELA) using sera from vaccinated and microscopic agglutination test (MAT)-positive dogs. Sera from vaccinated dogs showed reactivity to whole-cell antigens of leptospires but did not show reactivity in the KELA assay with recombinant antigens, suggesting a lack of antibodies to Lig proteins in the vaccinated animals. The diagnostic potential of recombinant Lig antigens in the KELA assay was evaluated by using 67 serum samples with MAT > or =1600, which showed reactivity of 76, 41 and 35% to rConA, rVarA and rVarB, respectively. These findings suggest that recombinant antigen to the conserved region of LigA and LigB can differentiate between vaccinated and naturally infected animals.
Cost-Efficient Overclocking in Immersion-Cooled Datacenters (2021)

Cloud providers typically use air-based solutions for cooling servers in datacenters. However, increasing transistor counts and the end of Dennard scaling will result in chips with thermal design power that exceeds the capabilities of air cooling in the near future. Consequently, providers have started to explore liquid cooling solutions (e.g., cold plates, immersion cooling) for the most power-hungry workloads. By keeping the servers cooler, these new solutions enable providers to operate server components beyond the normal frequency range (i.e., overclocking them) all the time. Still, providers must tradeoff the increase in performance via overclocking with its higher power draw and any component reliability implications.In this paper, we argue that two-phase immersion cooling (2PIC) is the most promising technology, and build three prototype 2PIC tanks. Given the benefits of 2PIC, we characterize the impact of overclocking on performance, power, and reliability. Moreover, we propose several new scenarios for taking advantage of overclocking in cloud platforms, including oversubscribing servers and virtual machine (VM) auto-scaling. For the auto-scaling scenario, we build a system that leverages overclocking for either hiding the latency of VM creation or postponing the VM creations in the hopes of not needing them. Using realistic cloud workloads running on a tank prototype, we show that overclocking can improve performance by 20%, increase VM packing density by 20%, and improve tail latency in auto-scaling scenarios by 54%. The combination of 2PIC and overclocking can reduce platform cost by up to 13% compared to air cooling.
Beryllium Based Multilayers for Normal Incidence EUV Reflectance (1994)

We report the experimental results of beryllium based multilayer mirrors for use in the 11.4 nm region. Mirrors using molybdenum as the high-Z material have demonstrated 68.7% peak reflectance at 11.3 nm.
Dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction: rationale and design of the <scp>DELIVER</scp> trial (2021)

DELIVER will determine the efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to conventional therapy, in patients with heart failure and preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction.
Development of a High-Efficiency, Low-Cost Hybrid SOFC/Internal Combustion Engine Power Generator (2021)

The unique and beneficial characteristics of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology hold much promise for their eventual widespread adoption in numerous commercial building applications. Nevertheless, cost and durability challenges remain that currently limit SOFC technology penetration in stationary energy applications. Under the U.S. DOE ARPA-E INTEGRATE program, the Colorado School of Mines and its partners are developing a novel hybrid stationary power system comprised of an intermediate temperature (600-degreeC), metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack integrated with a high efficiency stationary engine and novel balance-of-point (BOP) equipment.