gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Automated Mammographic Density Measure and Breast  Cancer Risk (2012)

The association between the automated variation measure and the risk of breast cancer is at least as strong as that for percent density. Efforts to further evaluate and translate the variation measure to the clinical setting are warranted.
Dimensional Metrology of Cell-matrix Interactions in 3D Microscale Fibrous Substrates (2017)

Product-Service Systems, like all complex systems, are vulnerable to unpredictable environmental changes that can seriously undermine their ability to continuously deliver value to customers. The long-term consequences of volatile markets, unanticipated technologies, and unpredictable changes in society must be captured, modeled and communicated to decision makers since the earliest stages of the design, so to identify sustainable PSS solutions able to deliver value for years or decades to come. The paper analyses the problem of PSS changeability from the perspective of established medium-large product manufacturers facing the transition toward result-oriented PSS offers. Building on established literature in the systems engineering field, the paper proposes the definition of the changeability criteria, also named ‘ilities’, that are relevant to consider for PSS engineers in the early stages of design. Furthermore, the paper describes a systematic framework for assessing ilities in early PSS design, elaborating on technological enablers for ilities modeling.
Detecting Recurring Themes in Personal Media Collections (2011)

The goal of this work is to automatically detect frequently occurring groups of media in a user's collection that have a unifying theme. These groups provide a narrative structure that ties in images that are temporally far apart and cannot be browsed easily. The media in the collection is analyzed by a variety of algorithms to generate metadata of different types. The media and associated metadata are represented as a transactional database, and frequent item set mining is employed to detect frequently occurring groups of images that share several metadata in common. It is expected that a user's primary picture-taking interests (e.g., baby, garden, school sports, etc.), will appear as groups based on some combination of underlying metadata. A confidence and interest measure relevant to the consumer domain is used to determine the quality of the frequent item sets and create a list of the top "themes" within the collection. We also detect annually recurring groups in multi-year collections, as these capture common themes such as birthdays and holidays. Because the detected recurring groups are strictly data-driven (with no a priori assumptions about a user's collection), they are customized to the type of content in specific user's collections. Experiments with large user collections show the usefulness of our approach.
A novel high-frequency encoding algorithm for image compression (2017)

In this paper, a new method for image compression is proposed whose quality is demonstrated through accurate 3D reconstruction from 2D images. The method is based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) together with a high-frequency minimization encoding algorithm at compression stage and a new concurrent binary search algorithm at decompression stage. The proposed compression method consists of five main steps: (1) divide the image into blocks and apply DCT to each block; (2) apply a high-frequency minimization method to the AC-coefficients reducing each block by 2/3 resulting in a minimized array; (3) build a look up table of probability data to enable the recovery of the original high frequencies at decompression stage; (4) apply a delta or differential operator to the list of DC-components; and (5) apply arithmetic encoding to the outputs of steps (2) and (4). At decompression stage, the look up table and the concurrent binary search algorithm are used to reconstruct all high-frequency AC-coefficients while the DC-components are decoded by reversing the arithmetic coding. Finally, the inverse DCT recovers the original image. We tested the technique by compressing and decompressing 2D images including images with structured light patterns for 3D reconstruction. The technique is compared with JPEG and JPEG2000 through 2D and 3D RMSE. Results demonstrate that the proposed compression method is perceptually superior to JPEG with equivalent quality to JPEG2000. Concerning 3D surface reconstruction from images, it is demonstrated that the proposed method is superior to both JPEG and JPEG2000.
A sensitive single-enzyme assay system using the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase BpsA for measurement of L-glutamine in biological samples (2017)

The ability to rapidly, economically and accurately measure L-glutamine concentrations in biological samples is important for many areas of research, medicine or industry, however there is room for improvement on existing methods. We describe here how the enzyme BpsA, a single-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase able to convert L-glutamine into the blue pigment indigoidine, can be used to accurately measure L-glutamine in biological samples. Although indigoidine has low solubility in aqueous solutions, meaning direct measurements of indigoidine synthesis do not reliably yield linear standard curves, we demonstrate that resolubilisation of the reaction end-products in DMSO overcomes this issue and that spontaneous reduction to colourless leuco-indigoidine occurs too slowly to interfere with assay accuracy. Our protocol is amenable to a 96-well microtitre format and can be used to measure L-glutamine in common bacterial and mammalian culture media, urine, and deproteinated plasma. We show that active BpsA can be prepared in high yield by expressing it in the apo-form to avoid the toxicity of indigoidine to Escherichia coli host cells, then activating it to the holo-form in cell lysates prior to purification; and that BpsA has a lengthy shelf-life, retaining >95% activity when stored at either -20 °C or 4 °C for 24 weeks.
Controlled atomic spontaneous emission from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Er</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>in a transparent Si/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>microcavity (1993)

The spontaneous emission lifetime and intensity of Er implanted into ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ is modified by a Si/${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ planar microcavity. The cavity strongly affects the coupling of the optically excited ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ to the radiative and waveguiding modes of the system, resulting in a spontaneous lifetime of 14.8 ms for a cavity off-resonance with the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ versus a lifetime of 9.1 ms for an on-resonance cavity. The observed spontaneous emission lifetime changes agree well with calculated values based on a computation method which is also presented.
Microwave dielectric contrast imaging in a magnetic resonant environment and the effect of using magnetic resonant spatial information in image reconstruction (2011)

Microwave Tomography (MT) can determine the permittivity and conductivity of a volume of interest; it has been shown that a contrast exists between these electrical properties in healthy and malignant tissues, and MT can be used to discern the dielectric contrast image of these tissues by recovering their electrical property values. Simulation and phantom experiments of objects with known spatial locations have shown that using boundary information derived from internal structures in the imaged volume greatly increases the accuracy of the recovered property values. In practice this spatial information, which will be used for reconstructing the tissue's electrical property images, must be determined with high enough resolution to segment boundary regions and internal structures of interest. This experiment investigates the use of Magnetic Resonant Imaging (MRI) in obtaining the desired spatial information used in mesh generation for image reconstruction and provides microwave image results comparing electrical properties recovered with and without this prior spatial information.
Performance of a Pulse Detonation Combustor-Based Hybrid Engine (2007)

A key concept envisioned for Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) technology is a hybrid engine, where a Pulse Detonation Combustor (PDC) replaces the combustor in a conventional gas turbine. A systems level performance estimation model for a PDC-based hybrid engine cycle was presented. A variable property formulation was used to estimate the cycle performance parameters namely the thermal efficiency (ηth) and the net specific work (Wnet). Performance estimations were obtained using a one-step finite-rate chemistry to simulate reactions, and the frozen reactions assumption to model the products of combustion. Two specific parametric studies are performed in which the compression ratio (CR) and the purge fraction (pf) were systematically varied. The predicted variations of ηth and Wnet with varying compression ratio and purge fraction are in agreement with the trends reported in the literature. For a range of values of CR (1-40), performance (ηth) advantage of a PDC-based hybrid engine is predicted, when compared to a conventional gas turbine engine. The present calculations show that the assumed unsteady turbine component efficiency (ηT) for the case of a PDC-based hybrid engine has a large effect on ηth. An experimental study investigating the operation of a multi-tube PDC-turbine hybrid system was performed to understand the effect of unsteady flows entering the turbine on the turbine component performance (ηT). An eight-tube PDC can-annular configuration was integrated with a single-stage axial turbine nominally rated for 10 lbm/s, 25000 RPM and 1000 hp. The system accumulated a total of 144 minutes of operation with long duration runs of approximately 5 minutes, in order for the rig to achieve thermal steady state and for the turbine to attain constant speed. The turbine component efficiency was found to be similar under PDC-fired operation and steady flow operation within the uncertainty of the measurement.
A Newly Formed Amyloidogenic Fragment due to a Stop Codon Mutation Causes Familial British Dementia (2000)

Familial British dementia (FBD) is an early-onset autosomal dominant disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, spasticity, and cerebellar ataxia. Hippocampal neurofibrillar degeneration and widespread parenchymal and vascular amyloid deposits are the main neuropathological lesions. Amyloid fibrils are composed of a novel 34 amino acid subunit (ABri) with no sequence identity to any known amyloid molecule. The peptide derives from a larger precursor protein codified by a single gene BRI on chromosome 13. Affected family members have a single base substitution at the stop codon of the BRI gene that generates a longer open-reading frame resulting in a larger precursor protein. The release of the 34 C-terminal amino acids from the mutated precursor originates the ABri amyloid subunit. Our discovery of a new amyloid associated with the development of dementia supports the concept that amyloid peptides may be of primary importance in the initiation of neurodegeneration.
Iteratively Clustered Interpolation (ICI) Algorithm for Geometrical Interpolation of an Irregularly Spaced Multidimensional Color Space (2000)

A printer inverse map is usually represented as a multivariable lookup table, associating points in the printer's output color space with points in the printer's input color space. This lookup table is an essential component in many print quality enhancement algorithms. It is often desirable to have a printer inverse table with input nodes regularly spaced on a sequential plane. Thus, the computation of this lookup table requires the interpolation of irregularly sampled multidimensional data, coming from experiments used to determine the printer forward map. Existing computational techniques do not provide an accurate printer inverse map from irregularly sampled data. In this paper we introduce a new Iteratively Clustered Interpolation (ICI) algorithm to compute an accurate inverse table from irregularly sampled color data. This algorithm is based on a gradient optimization method with initial points generated through a novel iterative technique. Experimental results are included to show the effectiveness of this algorithm in comparison with other techniques.
A Rapid Method for the Construction of Oligonucleotide Arrays (2003)

A simple method has been devised to construct oligonucleotide array on a variety of surfaces using commonly available reagents and chemistry with good efficiency and accuracy. The method involves the generation of hydroxyl functionalities on glass, polypropylene, polyethylene, and commonly used surfaces for construction of oligonucleotide arrays followed by their activation with trifluoroethanesulfonyl chloride (tresyl chloride). The activated surface in the subsequent reaction is used to covalently immobilize oligonucleotides in regioselective fashion to create an oligonucleotide array. The surface bound tresyl sulfonate esters allow the immobilization of oligonucleotides specifically via their 3'- or 5'-end having mercaptohexyl- or aminohexyl functionalities. The constructed oligonucleotide arrays were successfully used to analyze oligonucleotides by hybridization technique.
Alternating-Gradient Photodetector For Far Infrared (1989)

Proposed detector of photons of wavelengths in range of 30 to 200 micrometer made of alternating layers of lightly and heavily negatively doped germanium. Formed in sequence by conventional chemical-vapor deposition. Alternating-gradient structure enhances collection of photogenerated charge carriers while suppressing dark current, thus achieving high detectivity. Alternating layers of n+ and n- germanium provides high detectivity in far-infrared spectral region. Also possible to make similar structures with positive doping and with other semiconductors as silicon or gallium arsenide to obtain various spectral response.
Experimental investigation of a combined ejector-absorption refrigerator (1998)

This paper describes an experimental study of a novel heat-operated refrigeration cycle, ‘combined ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle’. In this novel cycle, an ejector was placed between a generator and a condenser of a conventional single-effect absorption refrigerator. The high-pressure vapour refrigerant produced in the generator section was used as the motive fluid for the ejector which entrained low-pressure refrigerant vapour from the evaporator and discharged it to the condenser. This was shown to significantly increase the cooling capacity and COP of the novel refrigerator above that of a conventional absorption unit with little increase in system complexity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sol−Gel Method for Preparing Vanadium−Antimony Oxide Catalysts (1998)

Vanadium−antimony oxide selective oxidation catalysts are prepared using a novel peroxide-based sol−gel synthesis procedure. The catalysts are prepared by reaction of soluble peroxovanadium complexes with antimony trioxide under refluxing conditions. The procedure produces a stable colloidal sol of microcrystalline rutile vanadium antimonate having an average particle size of 6.7 nm. Drying the sol gives a gel consisting of pure rutile vanadium antimonate having the vanadium/antimony ratio of about 1/1, consistent with the stoichiometry of the well-characterized crystalline phase V8/9Sb8/9□2/9O4. The driving force for the formation of this phase is the redox reaction between a V5+peroxo complex and Sb3+oxide to form the V4+,Sb5+-containing vanadium antimonate. The peroxide-based sol−gel preparation procedure allows formation of vanadium antimonate under milder conditions than previous synthesis methods that rely on heating of mixtures of vanadium and antimony oxides.
Cloning and functional expression of GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors from <i>Drosophila</i> (2001)

The neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) functions as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. In vertebrates GABA signals both through ionotropic receptors (GABA(A), GABA(C)), which induce fast synaptic inhibitory responses, and through metabotropic receptors (GABA(B)), which play a fundamental role in the reduction of presynaptic transmitter release and postsynaptic inhibitory potentials. Whilst GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors have been cloned from vertebrates as well as invertebrates, GABA(B) receptors have only been identified in vertebrate species to date, although indirect evidence suggests their existence in arthropods, too. Here we report the cloning of three putative invertebrate GABA(B) receptor subtypes (D-GABA(B)R1, R2 and R3) isolated from Drosophila melanogaster. Whilst D-GABA(B)R1 and R2 show high sequence identity to mammalian GABA(B)R1 and R2, respectively, the receptor D-GABA(B)R3 seems to be an insect-specific subtype with no known mammalian counterpart so far. All three D-GABA(B)R subtypes are expressed in the embryonic central nervous system. In situ hybridization of Drosophila melanogaster embryos shows that two of the D-GABA(B)Rs (D-GABA(B)R1 and R2) are expressed in similar regions, suggesting a coexpression of the two receptors, whilst the third D-GABA(B)R (D-GABA(B)R3) displays a unique expression pattern. In agreement with these results we have only been able to functionally characterize D-GABA(B)R1 and R2 when the two subtypes are coexpressed either in Xenopus laevis oocytes or mammalian cell lines, whilst D-GABA(B)R3 was inactive in any combination. The pharmacology of the coexpressed D-GABA(B)R1/2 receptor was different from the mammalian GABA(B)Rs: e.g. baclofen, an agonist of mammalian GABA(B)Rs, showed no effect.
Engineered botulinum neurotoxin B with improved efficacy for targeting human receptors (2017)

Botulinum neurotoxin B is a Food and Drug Administration-approved therapeutic toxin. However, it has lower binding affinity toward the human version of its major receptor, synaptotagmin II (h-Syt II), compared to mouse Syt II, because of a residue difference. Increasing the binding affinity to h-Syt II may improve botulinum neurotoxin B's therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Here we utilized the bacterial adenylate cyclase two-hybrid method and carried out a saturation mutagenesis screen in the Syt II-binding pocket of botulinum neurotoxin B. The screen identifies E1191 as a key residue: replacing it with M/C/V/Q enhances botulinum neurotoxin B binding to human synaptotagmin II. Adding S1199Y/W or W1178Q as a secondary mutation further increases binding affinity. Mutant botulinum neurotoxin B containing E1191M/S1199Y exhibits ~11-fold higher efficacy in blocking neurotransmission than wild-type botulinum neurotoxin B in neurons expressing human synaptotagmin II, demonstrating that enhancing receptor binding increases the overall efficacy at functional levels. The engineered botulinum neurotoxin B provides a platform to develop therapeutic toxins with improved efficacy.Humans are less sensitive to the therapeutic effects of botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNT/B) than the animal models it is tested on due to differences between the human and the mouse receptors. Here, the authors engineer BoNT/B to improve its affinity to human receptors and enhance its therapeutic efficacy.
Handheld intravaginal OCT endoscope for in-situ monitoring of laser vaginal ablation (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Despite the emerging market in energy-based devices to treat Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) in menopausal women, the exact effect of the laser on vaginal tissue remains poorly understood. We developed a point-of-care intravaginal endoscope that can obtain simultaneous information on structural and vascular information during the vaginal laser procedure. We evaluated the capability of assessing the treatment outcome by investigating patients receiving the CO2 fractional laser treatment. Our study supports the hypothesis that the treatment effect highly depends on the initial tissue parameters such as epithelium thickness and vascular density.
Superconducting NbN-based ultrafast hot-electron single-photon detector for infrared range (2001)

Single-photon detector (SPD) with GHz counting rate for infrared range, based on the supercurrent-assisted hotspot effect in a superconducting NbN thin-film microstructure has been developed. A photon-induced hotspot leads to temporary formation of a resistive barrier across the narrow superconducting sensor stripe and results in an easily measurable voltage pulse. Subsequent hotspot healing in <100 ps time frame, restores the superconductivity (zero-voltage state), and the detector is ready to register another photon. It exhibits an experimentally measured intrinsic quantum efficiency up to —20% and negligible dark counts. Spectral dependence of the photoresponse is presented.
Physical Stability Enhancement and Pharmacokinetics of a Lithium Ionic Cocrystal with Glucose (2014)

Current lithium drugs are plagued with a narrow therapeutic window and tend to be hygroscopic. However, they remain the gold standard for treating manic episodes in bipolar disorder. In this contribution, we report a crystal engineering study aimed at the preparation and characterization of ionic cocrystals (ICCs) of lithium chloride (LIC) and lithium bromide (LIB) with glucose (GLU). The structure of LIBGLU was studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and found to be isostructural with related sodium chloride–glucose ICCs. The physical stability of LICGLU was compared to that of LIC at 50% RH and 25 °C and through dynamic vapor sorption analysis. The blood and brain pharmacokinetics of LICGLU were compared to those of LIC in rat models and revealed little change in performance. This study reveals that ICCs can modestly improve the solid-form stability of lithium salts without impacting in vivo performance, a step toward enabling the development of the next generation of lithium therapeutics.
Nitride semiconductors. Materials Research Society symposium proceedings Volume 482 (1998)

This new volume from the Materials Research Society focuses on recent experimental and theoretical progress in the rapidly growing field of III-V nitrides. Issues related to crystal growth (bulk and thin films), structure and microstructure, formation of defects, doping, alloying, formation of heterostructures, determination of physical properties and device fabrication and evaluation are addressed. Invited papers give a thorough review of the state of the art in the field. The large number of contributed papers show much progress in the growth and understanding of III-V nitrides and in the production of optoelectronic devices based on these materials. Most exciting is the fact that light-emitting diodes and laser diodes have now reached amazing levels of performance which enables a number of commercial applications, and which forecasts a revolution in lighting, optical storage, printing, and display technologies. Topics include: crystal growth--bulk growth, early stages of epitaxy; crystal growth--MOCVD; growth techniques--MBE and HVPE; novel substrates and growth techniques; structural properties; electronic properties; luminescence and recombination; characterization, elemental and stress analysis; physical modeling; device processing, implantation, annealing; device characterization, contacts, degradation; and injection laser diodes and applications.