gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Depth Modeling Mode selection for 3D HEVC depth intra coding (2013)

This paper proposes a fast mode decision algorithm for 3D High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) depth intra coding. In the current 3D-HEVC design, it is observed that for most the cases, Depth Modeling Modes (DMM) full-RD search could be skipped since the coding units (CUs) of depth map are usually very flat or smooth and DMMs are designed for CUs with edge or sharp transition. Using Most Probable Mode (MPM) as the indicator, we propose a fast DMM selection algorithm to speed up the encoding process. The test result for the proposed fast algorithm reports 27.8% encoding time saving with 0.31% bitrate increasing in coded and synthesized view for All-Intra test case.
Optical computing by a vector holographic memory system (2000)

We propose what is to our knowledge a novel holographic memory system that is simultaneously applicable to data storage and optical computing. We introduce a polarization-modulated reference beam into holographic recording. A desired spatial-frequency component of an object beam is recorded as a polarization-modulated grating, and the other component is recorded as an intensity-modulated grating. Since the polarization-modulated grating rotates the polarization axis of the incident light by 90 degrees , it is possible to distinguish the desired spatial-frequency component of the retrieved image. Utilizing this property, we have successfully performed spatial-frequency filtering and frequency-selective matched filtering. The system is capable of a variety of optical computations, depending on the design of the polarization modulation.
On optimizing syntactic pattern recognition using tries and AI-based heuristic-search strategies (2006)

This paper deals with the problem of estimating, using enhanced artificial-intelligence (AI) techniques, a transmitted string X/sup */ by processing the corresponding string Y, which is a noisy version of X/sup */. It is assumed that Y contains substitution, insertion, and deletion (SID) errors. The best estimate X/sup +/ of X/sup */ is defined as that element of a dictionary H that minimizes the generalized Levenshtein distance (GLD) D(X,Y) between X and Y, for all X/spl isin/H. In this paper, it is shown how to evaluate D(X,Y) for every X/spl isin/H simultaneously, when the edit distances are general and the maximum number of errors is not given a priori, and when H is stored as a trie. A new scheme called clustered beam search (CBS) is first introduced, which is a heuristic-based search approach that enhances the well-known beam-search (BS) techniques used in AI. The new scheme is then applied to the approximate string-matching problem when the dictionary is stored as a trie. The new technique is compared with the benchmark depth-first search (DFS) trie-based technique (with respect to time and accuracy) using large and small dictionaries. The results demonstrate a marked improvement of up to 75% with respect to the total number of operations needed on three benchmark dictionaries, while yielding an accuracy comparable to the optimal. Experiments are also done to show the benefits of the CBS over the BS when the search is done on the trie. The results also demonstrate a marked improvement (more than 91%) for large dictionaries.
Extensive restriction site polymorphism at the human phenylalanine hydroxylase locus and application in prenatal diagnosis of phenylketonuria. (1985)

A total of 10 restriction site polymorphisms have been identified at the human phenylalanine hydroxylase locus using a full-length human phenylalanine hydroxylase cDNA clone as a hybridization probe to analyze human genomic DNA. These polymorphic patterns segregate in a Mendelian fashion and concordantly with the disease state in various PKU kindreds. The frequencies of the restriction site polymorphisms at the human phenylalanine hydroxylase locus among Caucasians are such that the observed heterozygosity in the population is 87.5%. Thus, most families with a history of classical phenylketonuria can take advantage of the genetic analysis for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection of the hereditary disorder.
Heading error in an alignment-based magnetometer (2011)

A prototype magnetometer for anti-submarine warfare applications is being developed based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) in atomic vapors. NMOR is an atomic spectroscopy technique that exploits coherences among magnetic sublevels of atoms such as cesium or rubidium to measure magnetic fields with high precision. NMOR uses stroboscopic optical pumping via frequency or amplitude modulation of a linearly polarized laser beam to create the alignment. An anti-relaxation coating on the walls of the atomic vapor cell can result in a long lifetime of 1 s or more for the coherence and enables precise measurement of the precession frequency. With proper feedback, the magnetometer can self-oscillate, resulting in accurate tracking and fast time response. The NMOR magnetic resonance spectrum of <sup>87</sup>Rb has been measured as a function of heading in Earth's field. Optical pumping of alignment within the F=2 hyperfine manifold generates three resonances separated by the nonlinear Zeeman splitting. The spectra show a high degree of symmetry, consisting of a central peak and two side peaks of nearly equal intensity. As the heading changes, the ratio of the central peak to the average of the two side peaks changes. The amplitudes of the side peaks remain nearly equal. An analysis of the forced oscillation spectra indicates that, away from dead zones, heading error in self-oscillating mode should be less than 1 nT. A broader background is also observed in the spectra. While this background can be removed when fitting resonance spectra, understanding it will be important to achieving the small heading error in self-oscillating mode that is implied by the spectral measurements. Progress in miniaturizing the magnetometer is also reported. The new design is less than 10 cm across and includes fiber coupling of light to and from the magnetometer head. Initial tests show that the prototype has achieved a narrow spectral width and a strong polarization rotation signal.
Liquid crystal blue phase induced by bent-shaped molecules with allylic end groups (2011)

A blue phase is induced by bent-shaped monomer with allylic end bonds when doped into chiral nematic liquid crystal. The mechanism of blue phase induction and stabilization is investigated. Its temperature range is further widened to 10.2 K by UV irradiation with a slowly cooling process. The widening principle is distinguishable from traditional polymer stabilization mechanism. The study provides some useful insights into the molecular design of suitable bent-shaped dopants towards wide range blue phase liquid crystals.
<b>The endogenous choline supply limits glycine betaine synthesis in transgenic tobacco expressing choline monooxygenase</b> (1998)

Certain plants produce glycine betaine (GlyBet) in the chloroplast by a two-step oxidation of choline. Introducing GlyBet accumulation into plants that lack it is a well-established target for metabolic engineering because GlyBet can lessen damage from osmotic stress. The first step in GlyBet synthesis is catalyzed by choline mono-oxygenase (CMO), a stromal enzyme with a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] center. The absence of CMO is the primary constraint on GlyBet production in GlyBet-deficient plants such as tobacco, but the endogenous choline supply is also potentially problematic. To investigate this, we constructed transgenic tobacco plants that constitutively express a spinach CMO cDNA. The CMO protein was correctly compartmented in chloroplasts and was enzymatically active, showing that its [2Fe-2S] cluster had been inserted. Salinization increased CMO protein levels, apparently via a post-transcriptional mechanism, to as high as 10% of that in salinized spinach. However, the GlyBet contents of CMO+ plants were very low (0.02-0.05 mumol g-1 fresh weight) in both unstressed and salinized conditions. Experiments with [14C]GlyBet demonstrated that this was not due to GlyBet catabolism. When CMO+ plants were supplied in culture with 5 mM choline or phosphocholine, their choline and GlyBet levels increased by at least 30-fold. The choline precursors mono- and dimethylethanolamine also enhanced choline and GlyBet levels but ethanolamine did not, pointing to a major constraint on flux to choline at the first methylation step in its synthesis. The extractable activity of the enzyme mediating this step in tobacco was only 3% that of spinach. We conclude that in GlyBet-deficient plants engineered with choline-oxidizing genes, the size of the free choline pool and the metabolic flux to choline need to be increased to attain GlyBet levels as high as those in natural accumulators.
Electronic current transducer (ECT) for high-voltage dc lines. Final report (1980)

The development of a bipolar electronic current transducer (ECT) for measuring the current in a high-voltage dc (HVDC) power line at line potential is reported. The design and construction of a free-standing ECT for use on a 400-kV line having a nominal line current of 2000 A (1 pu) is described. Line current is measured by a 0.0001-..cap omega.. shunt whose voltage output is sampled by a 14-bit digital data link. The high-voltage interface between line and ground is traversed by optical fibers which carry digital light signals as far as 300 m to a control room where the digital signal is converted back to an analog representation of the shunt voltage. Two redundant electronic and optical data links are used in the prototype. Power to operate digital and optical electronics and temperature-controlling heaters at the line is supplied by a resistively and capacitively graded 10-stage cascade of ferrite-core transformers located inside the hollow, SF/sub 6/-filled, porcelain support insulator. The cascade is driven by an SCR (silicon-controlled-rectifier) inverter which supplies about 100 W of power at 30 kHz. Specification goals called for operation over the temperature range -40 to +50/sup 0/C to an output accuracy of +-0.6% at 0.1 pu and +-0.3% between 0.3 pu and 1.0 pu. A frequency response greater than 370 Hz and a step response time of less than 2 ms was desired. Initial tests indicate that these goals have been met in the prototype structure. The unit is now installed and being evaluated at the Sylmar converter station of the HVDC Pacific Intertie in California.
A Time-Domain Resolution Improvement of an RF-DAC (2010)

We propose a time-domain technique that significantly improves resolution of an RF digital-to-analog converter (RF-DAC). As an alternative to resorting to various resolution improvement attempts in the amplitude domain or through quantization noise shaping, pulsewidth modulation (PWM) of a single least significant bit device is employed with fine timing accuracy easily afforded by advanced CMOS technology. The technique is examined in the context of a commercial Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) polar transmitter realized in 65-nm CMOS, which employs an amplitude modulator with basic 10-bit amplitude resolution limited by the RF-DAC switching device mismatches. Behavioral simulations include realistic device mismatches and show worst-case resolution improvement of 2.2 bits assuming 20-ps worst-case time granularity of the PWM signal controls.
EPIGENETIC TARGETING OF HEDGEHOG PATHWAY TRANSCRIPTIONAL OUTPUT (2014)

BACKGROUND: (blind field) METHODS: We used ligand and genetic activation of the Hedgehog pathway to study the effects of BET bromodomain inhibition on Hedgehog pathway transcriptional output. Furthermore, we studied the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of BET bromodomain inhibitors using tumor cells generated from genetically engineered mouse (GEM) and patient derived xenograft models of Hedgehog driven tumors, including a panel of tumors resistant to the current FDA-approved Smoothened antagonists. RESULTS: We show that knockdown of BRD4 or treatment with the BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, dramatically inhibits transcription of GLI1, GLI2 and other Hedgehog target genes upon ligand-mediated or genetic activation of the Hedgehog pathway. We confirm the inhibitory effect of JQ1 occurs downstream of SMO and SUFU and verify by chromatin immunoprecipitation that BRD4 directly occupies the GLI1 and GLI2 promoters with a substantial decrease in the engagement of these genomic sites upon treatment with JQ1. We observe a corresponding downregulation of genes associated with medulloblastoma-specific GLI1 binding sites upon exposure to JQ1, confirming the direct regulation of GLI1 by BET bromodomain proteins. Finally, in patient- and GEM-derived cells of Hedgehog-driven cancer (basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor), we show that JQ1 decreases Hh pathway output and proliferation, even in cells resistant to Smoothened inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: These results expand the role of BET bromodomain inhibitors to targeting Hedgehog-driven cancers and highlight a strategy that overcomes the limitation of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors currently in clinical use. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Pediatrics.
Enlarging the Amino Acid Set of <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Infiltration of the Valine Coding Pathway (2001)

Aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases establish the rules of the genetic code by catalyzing the aminoacylation of tRNAs. For some synthetases, accuracy depends critically on an editing function at a site distinct from the aminoacylation site. Mutants of Escherichia coli that incorrectly charge tRNA(Val) with cysteine were selected after random mutagenesis of the whole chromosome. All mutations obtained were located in the editing site of valyl-tRNA synthetase. More than 20% of the valine in cellular proteins from such an editing mutant organism could be replaced with the noncanonical aminobutyrate, sterically similar to cysteine. Thus, the editing function may have played a central role in restricting the genetic code to 20 amino acids. Disabling this editing function offers a powerful approach for diversifying the chemical composition of proteins and for emulating evolutionary stages of ambiguous translation.
Speaker-independent recognition of spoken English letters (1990)

A description is presented of EAR, an English alphabet recognizer that performs speaker-independent recognition of letters spoken in isolation. During recognition, (a) signal processing routines transform the digitized speech into useful representations, (b) rules are applied to the representations to locate segment boundaries, (c) feature measurements are computed on the speech segments, and (d) a neural network uses the feature measurements to classify the letter. The system was trained on one token of each letter from 120 speakers. Performance was 95% when tested on a new set of 30 speakers. Performance was 96% when tested on a second token of each letter from the original 120 speakers. The recognition accuracy is 6% higher than that of previously reported systems. The high level of performance is attributed to accurate and explicit phonetic segmentation, the use of speech knowledge to select features that measure the important linguistic information, and the ability of the neural classifier to model the variability of the data
Development and test of a Microwave Ice Accretion Measurement Instrument (MIAMI) (1982)

The development of an ice accretion measurement instrument that is a highly sensitive, accurate, rugged and reliable microprocessor controlled device using low level microwave energy for non-instrusive real time measurement and recording of ice growth history, including ice thickness and accretion rate is discussed. Data is displayed and recorded digitally. New experimental data is presented, obtained with the instrument, which demonstrates its ability to measure ice growth on a two-dimensional airfoil. The device is suitable for aircraft icing protection. It may be mounted flush, non-intrusively, on any part of an aircraft skin including rotor blades and engine inlets.
Binary XML storage and query processing in Oracle 11g (2009)

Oracle RDBMS has supported XML data management for more than six years since version 9i. Prior to 11g, text-centric XML documents can be stored as-is in a CLOB column and schema-based data-centric documents can be shredded and stored in object-relational (OR) tables mapped from their XML Schema. However, both storage formats have intrinsic limitations---XML/CLOB has unacceptable query and update performance, and XML/OR requires XML schema. To tackle this problem, Oracle 11g introduces a native Binary XML storage format and a complete stack of data management operations. Binary XML was designed to address a wide range of real application problems encountered in XML data management---schema flexibility, amenability to XML indexes, update performance, schema evolution, just to name a few. In this paper, we introduce the Binary XML storage format based on Oracle SecureFiles System[21]. We propose a lightweight navigational index on top of the storage and an NFA-based navigational algorithm to provide efficient streaming processing. We further optimize query processing by exploiting XML structural and schema information that are collected in database dictionary. We conducted extensive experiments to demonstrate high performance of the native Binary XML in query processing, update, and space consumption.
Precise Stabilization of the Optical Frequency of WGMRs (2009)

Crystalline whispering gallery mode resonators (CWGMRs) made of crystals with axial symmetry have ordinary and extraordinary families of optical modes. These modes have substantially different thermo-refractive constants. This results in a very sharp dependence of differential detuning of optical frequency on effective temperature. This frequency difference compared with clock gives an error signal for precise compensation of the random fluctuations of optical frequency. Certain crystals, like MgF2, have turnover points where the thermo-refractive effect is completely nullified. An advantage for applications using WGMRs for frequency stabilization is in the possibility of manufacturing resonators out of practically any optically transparent crystal. It is known that there are crystals with negative and zero thermal expansion at some specific temperatures. Doping changes properties of the crystals and it is possible to create an optically transparent crystal with zero thermal expansion at room temperature. With this innovation s stabilization technique, the resultant WGMR will have absolute frequency stability The expansion of the resonator s body can be completely compensated for by nonlinear elements. This results in compensation of linear thermal expansion (see figure). In three-mode, the MgF2 resonator, if tuned at the turnover thermal point, can compensate for all types of random thermal-related frequency drift. Simplified dual-mode method is also available. This creates miniature optical resonators with good short- and long-term stability for passive secondary frequency ethalon and an active resonator for active secondary frequency standard (a narrowband laser with long-term stability).
ChemInform Abstract: ANTIPARASITIC AGENTS. 5. SYNTHESIS AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITIES OF NOVEL 2‐HETEROAROMATIC‐SUBSTITUTED ISOTHIOCYANATOBENZOXAZOLES AND ‐BENZOTHIAZOLES (1983)

Abstract Die aus den o‐Aminophenolen (I) bzw. (V) zugänglichen Nitrobenzoxazole (III) werden zu den Aminoderivaten (IV) reduziert, die mit Thiophosgen die Isothiocyanate (VII) ergeben.
Wavefront reconstruction by spatial-phase-shift imaging interferometry (2006)

Common-path imaging interferometers offer some advantages over other interferometers, such as insensitivity to vibrations and the ability to be attached to any optical system to analyze an imaged wavefront. We introduce the spatial-phase-shift imaging interferometry technique for surface measurements and wavefront analysis in which different parts of the wavefront undergo certain manipulations in a certain plane along the optical axis. These manipulations replace the reference-beam phase shifting of existing interferometry methods. We present the mathematical algorithm for reconstructing the wavefront from the interference patterns and detail the optical considerations for implementing the optical system. We implemented the spatial phase shift into a working system and used it to measure a variety of objects. Measurement results and comparison with other measurement methods indicate that this approach improves measurement accuracy with respect to existing quantitative phase-measurement methods.
The use of Proteomic Biomarkers for Improved Diagnosis and Stratification Of Schizophrenia Patients (2013)

Schizophrenia is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including strong effects on mood and behavior. Patients can also suffer from serious comorbidities including immune system or metabolic abnormalities. Recent advances using proteomic profiling approaches have increased our understanding of these molecular effects and have laid the groundwork for unraveling the heterogeneity of this broadly defined disease. These findings could lead to improved diagnosis and stratification of patients through identification of biochemically different disease subtypes and personalized medicine approaches. The inclusion of molecular signatures in psychiatry will be an important leap forward in providing more effective treatment of patients suffering from this debilitating disorder.
Fiber Length Measurement by Image Processing (2001)

To act as an alternative to existing systems, image-based fiber length measurements must yield precise results in a reasonable amount of processing time. To be used as a calibration device for current systems, the processing time becomes less important than accuracy and precision. Here, we report on the accuracy and precision of image processing applications compared with existing methods of HVI, AFIS, and hand measurements. Further, we propose preferred system parameters for these two possible applications of the technology.
Projection x-ray lithography using computer-generated holograms: A study of compatibility with proximity lithography (1992)

X-ray projection lithography has recently been explored as a method for the manufacture of ≤200 nm linewidth integrated circuits. A method was previously described [J. Appl. Phys. 71, 2993 (1992)] whereby projected lithographic images can be formed with x rays by means of a transmission hologram. The form of the hologram is computed by an algorithm which eliminates the unwanted signals normally present as systematic errors in in-line holographic images. Such an approach to projection x-ray lithography requires an x-ray beam with very little coherence and is thus compatible with high wafer throughput schemes; in addition, image fidelity remains high even when moderately small contaminant particles block the light from small regions of the hologram. Previous example calculations involved using 5 nm x rays to illuminate a 0–1 μm thick carbon hologram located 200 μm from the wafer to produce simulated 0.06 μm linewidth images with good fidelity and with 6 μm depth of field. Presented here are simulations involving holographic masks made of 0–1 μm of tungsten operating at 1 nm wavelength with 50 μm mask-to-wafer gap. Such a configuration can be viewed as a future extension of the existing technology of proximity x-ray lithography to linewidths as small as 0.02 μm.
Quinazolines and 1,4‐benzodiazepines LVII. 1<i>H</i>‐1,4‐benzodiazepines (1973)

Abstract The preparation of the title compounds 3 and 4 using two different methods of synthesis is described. These compounds are readily reduced to 2,3‐dihydro‐1 H ‐derivatives 5 . Oxidation of 2‐alkylthio‐1 H ‐1,4‐benzodiazepines leads to the corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones. The oxidative rearrangement of sulfones 9 to a 2 H ‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one derivative 10 is also given. The “normal” addition of azodicarboxylate together with an unusual addition of two moles of acetylenedicarboxylate to the enamine double bond of 1 H compounds is discussed.