gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensorless velocity control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors (1998)

A sensorless velocity controller for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor is designed using discrete-time reduced order models. A nonlinear observer estimates the rotor position and velocity from stator current measurements, thus eliminating the need for shaft-mounted sensors. The observer is based on least-squares optimization, and exploits a piecewise-bilinear representation of the back-EMF (speed-voltage) function. By smoothly switching from an observer-based closed-loop control to an open-loop control at low velocity, observer ill-conditioning is avoided and reliable operation is achieved under all operating conditions. The new scheme delivers performance comparable to sensor-based closed-loop control, yet requires only a moderate amount of online computation. Experimental results provide evidence of the viability and performance of the new scheme.
<title>Color photographic paper dye density estimate using wavelength-dependent optical properties</title> (1996)

A methodology has been developed to digitize images from photographic color paper (reflection prints) and store the spectral information as a function of the three dye density basis functions inherent to the paper film type. The result is a highly accurate digitization of the spectral information at each spatial pixel that can be digitally stored with very little additional storage space over conventional RGB-type methodologies.
Genetic Expression Analysis of Immunostimulatory Botanicals on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Associated with Inflammatory Processes (2010)

Many hundreds of botanicals have a place in complementary and alternative medicine for therapeutic use in antimicrobial, immunostimulatory, and “wound healing” activity. While there exists many centuries of anecdotal evidence on the activity and efficacy of these botanicals, limited scientific evidence exists on how these botanicals may be modulating the immune and inflammatory responses. Using microarray analysis, this study provides novel insight into putative genes which may be involved in the physiological responses following administration of botanical extracts. Using extracts from immunostimulatory herbs (Astragalus membranaceus, Sambucus cerulea, Andrographis paniculata) and an immunosuppressive herb (Urtica dioica), the data presented supports previous cytokine studies on these herbs as well as identifying additional genes which may be involved in immune cell activation and migration and various inflammatory responses, including wound healing, angiogenesis, and blood pressure modulation. The data presented provides a more extensive picture on how these herbs may be instigating their biological effects on the immune and inflammatory responses.
Hydrogen Generation from Water with Nonthermal Plasma (2001)

Abstract Nonthermal plasma chemical decomposition of water was carried out with two different types of reactors such as ferroelectric packed-bed (FPR) and silent discharge (SDR) to explore the possibility of hydrogen generation in a flow reaction system. When FPR was used, the H2 yield in this reaction reached 63% at 150 kJ L−1 of supplied specific energy density in N2. On the other hand, the H2 yield was much lower with SDR than with FPR under the same conditions.
The neuronal growth cone as a specialized transduction system (1991)

Neuronal growth and remodelling are guided by both intracellular gene programs and extracellular stimuli. The growth cone is one site where the effects of these extrinsic and intrinsic factors converge upon the mechanical determinants of cell shape. We review the growth cone as a transduction device, converting extracellular signals into mechanical forces. A variety of soluble, extracellular matrix and membrane bound molecules control growth cone behavior. In addition, GAP-43 is discussed as a possible component of the intraneuronal gene program which modulates growth cone activity. The GTP-binding protein, Go, is a major growth cone membrane protein that may transduce signals not only from outside the cell, but from within as well. This may provide a molecular site in the growth cone for the coordination of a genetic growth program with environmental signals.
A New Blind Beamforming Procedure Based on the Conjugate Gradient Method for CDMA Mobile Communications (1998)

The objective of this paper is to present an adaptive algorithm for computing the weight vector which provides a beam pattern having its maximum gain along the direction of the mobile target signal source in the presence of interfering signals within a cell. The conjugate gradient method (CGM) is modified in such a way that the suboptimal weight vector is produced with the computational load of O(16N), which has been found to be small enough for the real-time processing of signals in most land mobile communications with the digital signal processor (DSP) off the shelf, where N denotes the number of antenna elements of the array. The adaptive procedure proposed in this paper is applied to code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communication system to show its excellent performance in terms of signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), bit error rate (BER), and capacity, which are enhanced by about 7 dB, times, and 7 times, respectively, when the number of antenna elements is 6 and the processing gain is 20 dB.
Plasticity-Amplified Diffusivity: Dislocation Cores as Fast Diffusion Paths in CU Interconnects (2007)

The mass transport of Cu during electromigration (EM) testing is typically dominated by interface diffusion. If a mechanism other than interface diffusion begins to affect the overall transport process, then the effective diffusivity, D, of the EM process would deviate from that of interface diffusion only. This would have fundamental implications. We have preliminary evidence that this might be the case, and we report its implications for EM lifetime assessment in this manuscript.
Logic Bug Detection and Localization Using Symbolic Quick Error Detection (2018)

We present Symbolic Quick Error Detection (Symbolic QED), a structured approach for logic bug detection and localization which can be used both during pre-silicon design verification as well as post-silicon validation and debug. This new methodology leverages prior work on Quick Error Detection (QED) which has been demonstrated to drastically reduce the latency, in terms of the number of clock cycles, of error detection following the activation of a logic (or electrical) bug. QED works through software transformations, including redundant execution and control flow checking, of the applied tests. Symbolic QED combines these error-detecting QED transformations with bounded model checking-based formal analysis to generate minimal-length bug activation traces that detect and localize any logic bugs in the design. We demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of Symbolic QED using the OpenSPARC T2, a 500-million-transistor open-source multicore System-on-Chip (SoC) design, and using “difficult” logic bug scenarios observed in various state-of-the-art commercial multicore SoCs. Our results show that Symbolic QED: (i) is fully automatic, unlike manual techniques in use today that can be extremely time-consuming and expensive; (ii) requires only a few hours in contrast to manual approaches that might take days (or even months) or formal techniques that often take days or fail completely for large designs; and (iii) generates counter-examples (for activating and detecting logic bugs) that are up to 6 orders of magnitude shorter than those produced by traditional techniques. Significantly, this new approach does not require any additional hardware.
An Optical Processor For Product Inspection (1988)

Coherent optical proce'ssors are described that optically generate feature spaces in parallel at high speed. A wedge ring detector sampled Fourier feature space is described, since it provides dimensionality reduction and features that are invariant to translation and in-plane rotation of the input object. Thus, the object being inspected can be positioned and oriented anywhere within the input field of view. An optical Hough transform processor is also described. This Hough feature space is attractive for many mensuration functions required in inspection. New techniques for using Hough space features are presented and demonstrated. These new techniques provide in-plane distortion-invariance, and determination of the orientation and location of the object in the field of view. We also discuss how the Fourier coefficients, the wedge ring detector sampled Fourier coefficients, and the Hough transform features can all be produced on a single optical processor. To provide a cost-effective real time system, an inexpensive liquid crystal television is used as the input transducer, with its electrical input obtained from a CCD camera viewing the product to be inspected. Several different inspection problems and quantitative optical laboratory test data are included to demonstrate and quantify the performance and use of this processor for product inspection.
Low-motional-impedance highly-tunable I/sup 2/ resonators for temperature compensated reference oscillators (2005)

A new capacitive micromechanical resonator design optimized for high Q, low motional impedance, and large tuning range is presented. The I/sup 2/ resonator was fabricated using a conservative, by present standards, HARPSS-on-SOI process, and demonstrated quality factors up to 57000 in vacuum. From the designed resonators between 3MHz and 6MHz, the lowest measured impedance is 24k/spl Omega/ and the largest electrostatic tuning coefficient is -10ppm/V/sup 2/. An oscillator interface circuit comprising of a trans-impedance amplifier and an automatic tunable charge pump providing an automatic temperature-compensating bias voltage was also designed and fabricated in a standard 0.5/spl mu/m CMOS process. Preliminary tests show temperature drift reduction of a 4MHz resonator from 2400ppm to 240ppm over a 90/spl deg/C range.
Tunneling injection into modulation doping structures: a mechanism for negative differential resistance three-terminal high-speed devices (1988)

A tunneling injection mechanism into the channel of a modulation doping field effect transistor is discussed. In the presaturation regime of the drain current, the source current exhibits negative differential resistance as a result of the charge control by the gate field in the channel. The tunneling three-terminal device promises high-frequency operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell demonstrating redox stable perovskite electrodes (2006)

The perovskite (La0.75Sr0.25)Cr0.5Mn0.5O3 (LSCM) is shown to be an effective, redox-stable electrode that can be used for both cathode and anode SOFC operation, to provide a symmetrical fuel cell system with good performance characteristics.
Synthesis, characterization and <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity of platinum(II) complexes of selenones [Pt(selenone)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>] (2017)

Platinum(II) complexes with various selenones (L) having the general formula [PtL2Cl2] were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis and, IR and NMR (1H, 13C, and 77Se) spectroscopies. A decrease in the IR frequency of the >C=Se mode and an upfield shift in 13C NMR for the >C=Se resonance of selenones are consistent with their selenium coordination to platinum(II). The NMR data show that the complexes are stable in solution and do not undergo equilibration at 297 K. The geometrical structures of the complexes were predicted theoretically (with DFT method) using Gaussian09 program. DFT calculations predicted that the trans configurations were up to 1.7 kcal/mol more stable than the cis forms in gas phase, while in solution form the cis isomers were predicted to be more stable. The UV–vis spectra of the two complexes, 6 and 7 were also recorded at room temperature for 24 h and it was observed that the complexes were stable and did not undergo decomposition. The in vitro antitumor properties of the complexes as well as of cisplatin were evaluated on two human cancer cell lines, HeLa (cervical cancer cells) and MCF7 (breast cancer cells) using MTT assay. The results indicated that the prepared complexes exerted significant inhibition on the selected cancer cells.
Scaled VIP Algorithms for Joint Dynamic Forwarding and Caching in Named Data Networks (2016)

Emerging Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architectures seek to optimally utilize both bandwidth and storage for efficient content distribution over the network. The Virtual Interest Packet (VIP) framework has been proposed to enable joint design of forwarding and caching within the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture. The virtual plane of the VIP framework captures the measured demand for content objects, but does not reflect interest collapse and suppression in the NDN network. We aim to further improve the performance of the existing VIP algorithms by using a modified virtual plane where VIP counts are appropriately scaled to reflect interest suppression effects. We characterize the stability region of the modified virtual plane with VIP scaling, develop a new distributed forwarding and caching algorithm operating on the scaled VIPs, and demonstrate the throughput optimality of the scaled VIP algorithm in the virtual plane. Numerical experiments demonstrate significantly enhanced performance relative to the existing VIP algorithm, as well as a number of other baseline algorithms.
Fourier rebinning and consistency equations for time-of-flight PET planograms (2016)

Due to the unique geometry, dual-panel PET scanners have many advantages in dedicated breast imaging and on-board imaging applications since the compact scanners can be combined with other imaging and treatment modalities. The major challenges of dual-panel PET imaging are the limited-angle problem and data truncation, which can cause artifacts due to incomplete data sampling. The time-of-flight (TOF) information can be a promising solution to reduce these artifacts. The TOF planogram is the native data format for dual-panel TOF PET scanners, and the non-TOF planogram is the 3D extension of linogram. The TOF planograms is five-dimensional while the objects are three-dimensional, and there are two degrees of redundancy. In this paper, we derive consistency equations and Fourier-based rebinning algorithms to provide a complete understanding of the rich structure of the fully 3D TOF planograms. We first derive two consistency equations and John's equation for 3D TOF planograms. By taking the Fourier transforms, we obtain two Fourier consistency equations and the Fourier-John equation, which are the duals of the consistency equations and John's equation, respectively. We then solve the Fourier consistency equations and Fourier-John equation using the method of characteristics. The two degrees of entangled redundancy of the 3D TOF data can be explicitly elicited and exploited by the solutions along the characteristic curves. As the special cases of the general solutions, we obtain Fourier rebinning and consistency equations (FORCEs), and thus we obtain a complete scheme to convert among different types of PET planograms: 3D TOF, 3D non-TOF, 2D TOF and 2D non-TOF planograms. The FORCEs can be used as Fourier-based rebinning algorithms for TOF-PET data reduction, inverse rebinnings for designing fast projectors, or consistency conditions for estimating missing data. As a byproduct, we show the two consistency equations are <i>necessary</i> and <i>sufficient</i> for 3D TOF planograms. Finally, we give numerical examples of implementation of a fast 2D TOF planogram projector and Fourier-based rebinning for a 2D TOF planograms using the FORCEs to show the efficacy of the Fourier-based solutions.
Image deblurring and denoising using color priors (2009)

Image blur and noise are difficult to avoid in many situations and can often ruin a photograph. We present a novel image deconvolution algorithm that deblurs and denoises an image given a known shift-invariant blur kernel. Our algorithm uses local color statistics derived from the image as a constraint in a unified framework that can be used for deblurring, denoising, and upsampling. A pixel's color is required to be a linear combination of the two most prevalent colors within a neighborhood of the pixel. This two-color prior has two major benefits: it is tuned to the content of the particular image and it serves to decouple edge sharpness from edge strength. Our unified algorithm for deblurring and denoising out-performs previous methods that are specialized for these individual applications. We demonstrate this with both qualitative results and extensive quantitative comparisons that show that we can out-perform previous methods by approximately 1 to 3 DB.
Leaching adapted for metals in soil (1993)

The technical hurdle in metal leaching is coupling a leaching process, which effectively removes the contaminant metals from the soil, with a recovery process that isolates the metal in a form suitable for disposal or reuse. Problems associated with this process are described.
Solid state lighting: diode phosphors (2004)

A brief review is given of the development of phosphors for solid-state lighting and the properties of new materials that are being developed for this emerging technology to achieve higher efficiencies, full color rendition and ultra-long life characteristics.
Analytical study of maximum likelihood delay and gain estimators for UWB channels (2006)

The performances of data-aided maximum likelihood estimators for the delay and the gain in an ultra-wide bandwidth channel are analysed. The probability density functions of the estimates are derived. The root mean squared errors of the estimators are examined analytically. Simulation results are provided to verify the analysis.
Certified concurrent abstraction layers (2018)

Concurrent abstraction layers are ubiquitous in modern computer systems because of the pervasiveness of multithreaded programming and multicore hardware. Abstraction layers are used to hide the implementation details (e.g., fine-grained synchronization) and reduce the complex dependencies among components at different levels of abstraction. Despite their obvious importance, concurrent abstraction layers have not been treated formally. This severely limits the applicability of layer-based techniques and makes it difficult to scale verification across multiple concurrent layers.
Myelin encephalitogenic protein fragments in cerebrospinal fluid of persons with multiple sclerosis (1977)

With a double-antibody radioimmunoassay performed on unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid, eight of 14 patients in an acute phase of multiple sclerosis had levels of 3.4 to 15.4 ng per milliliter of the P1 fragment (residues 43-88) of myelin encephalitogenic protein. Encephalitogenic protein-P1 was found only in the acute phase and was present in six of seven persons in the first week of an exacerbation and absent in 29 multiple sclerosis patients who were stable or had a gradually progressive course. Six of 117 controls had detectable cerebrospinal fluid encephalitogenic protein-P1. Only in two of these, one with a recent cerebral infarction and one with diabetic nephropathy who was in coma, were the levels in the range encountered in patients in the acute phase of multiple sclerosis. Although not entirely specific for multiple sclerosis, the presence of material in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients cross-reacting with encephalitogenic protein-P1 appears to be a characteristic of acute exacerbations.
Heterogeneous Antibody Responses in Tuberculosis (1998)

Antibody responses during tuberculosis were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a panel of 10 protein antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was shown that serum immunoglobulin G antibodies were produced against a variety of M. tuberculosis antigens and that the vast majority of sera from tuberculosis patients contained antibodies against one or more M. tuberculosis antigens. The number and the species of serologically reactive antigens varied greatly from individual to individual. In a given serum, the level of specific antibodies also varied with the antigen irrespective of the total number of antigens recognized by that particular serum. These findings indicate that person-to-person heterogeneity of antigen recognition, rather than recognition of particular antigens, is a key attribute of the antibody response in tuberculosis.
Ultrasonic Transducer of Piezoelectric Ceramic for Pulse Driving (1982)

An ultrasonic transducer of a bimorph-type piezoelectric ceramic, which is mainly used in air for measurement, has high sensitivity but slow transient response because of the high mechanical Q . The authors propose a new construction which consists of a bimorph-type piezoelectric ceramic, a conical diaphragm vibrating in a higher order mode and a damper controlling the mechanical vibration, and they have experimentally confirmed the best dimensions. A faster transient response transducer in air has been developed which has excellent temperature, environmental and aging characteristics.
1,5-anhydroglucitol (GlycoMark™) as a marker of short-term glycemic control and glycemic excursions (2007)

1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a validated marker of short-term glycemic control. It is a metabolically inert polyol that competes with glucose for reabsorption in the kidneys. Otherwise stable levels of 1,5-AG are rapidly depleted as blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold for glucosuria. 1,5-AG more accurately predicts rapid changes in glycemia than hemoglobin A1C (A1C) or fructosamine. It is also more tightly associated with glucose fluctuations and postprandial glucose. Thus, 1,5-AG may offer complementary information to A1C. This review will summarize the limitations of current methods of assessing glycemic control, assess the data to support 1,5-AG as a glycemic marker and highlight the scenarios by which 1,5-AG may fill the gap in assessing glycemic control.
Fiber-Based Magneto-Optic Sagnac Optical Modulator (2009)

In this paper, a fiber-based, magneto-optic (MO) optical modulator based on Sagnac interferometry is proposed. The system uses a Faraday rotator to produce optical modulation with low magnetic fields. The Sagnac geometry allows for increased modulation at lower fields than traditional MO modulators. A formulation of the system is provided using Jones calculus. Experimental results at 1550 nm using single mode fiber are reported, including a discussion of dynamic range and effect of magnetic field strength. Theoretical and practical advantages and limitations are discussed. Methods for improving modulation speed, dynamic range, and performance are presented.
Circular Quadruple-Ridged Flared Horn Achieving Near-Constant Beamwidth Over Multioctave Bandwidth: Design and Measurements (2012)

A circular quadruple-ridged flared horn achieving almost-constant beamwidth over 6:1 bandwidth is presented. This horn is the first demonstration of a wideband feed for radio telescopes which is capable of accommodating different reflector antenna optics, maintains almost constant gain and has excellent match. Measurements of stand-alone horn performance reveal excellent return loss performance as well as stable radiation patterns over 6:1 frequency range. Physical optics calculations predict an average of 69% aperture efficiency and 13 K antenna noise temperature with the horn installed on a radio telescope.