gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF, and IGFBP-3 protease activity in cerebrospinal fluid of children with leukemia, central nervous system tumor, or meningitis. (1993)

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is the major IGF in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), whereas IGF-I is only detectable in trace amounts. The major IGFBPs in CSF are IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4. Normally, IGFBP-3 is a minor component in CSF of healthy subjects, but may be increased in pathological states. We investigated IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 levels by specific RIAs in CSF from patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumor or leukemia and compared them with values in patients with meningitis. Further, as proteolysis of IGFBP-3 is part of the modulation of IGF activity, IGFBP-3 fragmentation was quantified by densitometric analysis of [125I]IGFBP-3 protease assays. We examined CSFs of 23 children with malignant CNS tumors, 18 children with leukemia, and 13 children with meningitis. The CSF from 38 children who received lumbar punctures to exclude meningitis was used to define the normal range for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-3 protease activity in CSF. CNS tumor and leukemia patients had normal levels of IGF-I and IGF-II in CSF, whereas the IGF-II concentration in CSF of meningitis patients was elevated (P < 0.0001). Only 2 of 13 (15%) meningitis patients had elevation of CSF IGFBP-3 concentrations, despite high numbers of inflammatory cells. By comparison, elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations were found in the CSF of 16 of 23 (70%) CNS tumor patients and 6 of 7 (86%) CNS tumor patients with microscopically detectable malignant cells in CSF. Twelve of 13 (92%) patients with medulloblastoma or ependymoma and all 7 medulloblastoma/ependymoma patients with malignant cells in CSF had elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations. The IGFBP-3 protease activity in CSF was elevated in 15 of 16 (94%) patients with CNS tumors of high grade histological malignancy. Five of 6 patients (83%) with acute leukemia and microscopically detectable malignant cells in CSF at the time of diagnosis showed elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations, with normalization after chemotherapy. Leukemia patients without malignant cells in CSF had normal IGFBP-3 concentrations. We conclude that in CSF of children with highly malignant CNS tumor or CNS leukemia, IGFBP-3 is elevated. This phenomenon could be caused by disruption of the blood-CSF barrier and entry of IGFBP-3 from serum, although this appears unlikely, especially for CNS leukemia. More likely possibilities are 1) local production of IGFBP-3 by CNS tumor tissue and secretion into the CSF, or 2) local production of IGFBP-3 by malignant cells within the CSF.
In-Cylinder Fuel Blending of Gasoline/Diesel for Improved Efficiency and Lowest Possible Emissions on a Multi-Cylinder Light-Duty Diesel Engine (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In-cylinder fuel blending of gasoline with diesel fuel is investigated on a multi-cylinder light-duty diesel engine as a strategy to control in-cylinder fuel reactivity for improved efficiency and lowest possible emissions. This approach was developed and demonstrated at the University of Wisconsin through modeling and single-cylinder engine experiments. The objective of this study is to better understand the potential and challenges of this method on a multi-cylinder engine. More specifically, the effect of cylinder-to-cylinder imbalances and in-cylinder charge motion as well as the potential limitations imposed by real-world turbo-machinery were investigated on a 1.9-liter four-cylinder engine. This investigation focused on one engine condition, 2300 rpm, 5.5 bar net mean effective pressure (NMEP). Gasoline was introduced with a port-fuel-injection system. Parameter sweeps included gasoline-to-diesel fuel ratio, intake charge mixture temperature, in-cylinder swirl level, and diesel start-of-injection timing. In addition, engine parameters were trimmed for each cylinder to balance the combustion process for maximum efficiency and lowest emissions. An important observation was the strong influence of intake charge temperature on cylinder pressure rise rate. Experiments were able to show increased thermal efficiency along with greater than 90% decreases in oxides of nitrogen (NO<sub>X</sub>) and particulate matter (PM). However, indicated thermal efficiency for the multi-cylinder experiments were less than expected based on modeling and single-cylinder results. The lower indicated thermal efficiency as compared to the model predictions suggests a need for improved cylinder-to-cylinder control and further optimization within dual-fuel operation.</div></div>
Multi-lineage potential of human mesenchymal stem cells following clonal expansion. (2001)

Bone marrow contains mesenchymal cells that can be isolated and grown in vitro. Using appropriate treatment protocols such cultures can be induced to differentiate to yield osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. However, previous experiments had not addressed the question whether single pluripotent stem cells exist and can give rise to these different cell lineages or whether bone marrow mesenchymal cell preparations represent a mixture of committed precursors. We have used human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells obtained from iliac crest biopsies to demonstrate clonal outgrowth after limiting dilution and we show that some clones can be expanded over more than 20 cumulative population doublings and differentiated to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Our data provide direct experimental evidence that cultures of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells contain individual cells that fulfil two essential stem cell criteria: (i) extensive self-renewal capacity and (ii) multi-lineage potential.
Stochastic Fluctuations and Distributed Control of Gene Expression Impact Cellular Memory (2014)

Despite the stochastic noise that characterizes all cellular processes the cells are able to maintain and transmit to their daughter cells the stable level of gene expression. In order to better understand this phenomenon, we investigated the temporal dynamics of gene expression variation using a double reporter gene model. We compared cell clones with transgenes coding for highly stable mRNA and fluorescent proteins with clones expressing destabilized mRNA-s and proteins. Both types of clones displayed strong heterogeneity of reporter gene expression levels. However, cells expressing stable gene products produced daughter cells with similar level of reporter proteins, while in cell clones with short mRNA and protein half-lives the epigenetic memory of the gene expression level was completely suppressed. Computer simulations also confirmed the role of mRNA and protein stability in the conservation of constant gene expression levels over several cell generations. These data indicate that the conservation of a stable phenotype in a cellular lineage may largely depend on the slow turnover of mRNA-s and proteins.
Loss of Keratin 8 Phosphorylation Leads to Increased Tumor Progression and Correlates with Clinico-Pathological Parameters of OSCC Patients (2011)

Our results provide first evidence of a potential role of K8 phosphorylation in cell migration and/or tumorigenicity in OSCC. Moreover, correlation studies of K8 dephosphorylation with clinico-pathological parameters of OSCC patients also suggest its possible use in prognostication of human OSCC.
Optimizing user interaction for web-based mobile tasks (2010)

This paper describes the design and prototype implementation of MIntOS (Mobile Interaction Optimization System), a system for improving mobile interaction in web-based activities. MIntOS monitors users' interactions both for gathering interaction history and for the runtime construction of interaction context. A simple approach based on interaction burstiness is used to break interaction sequences into Trails, which approximates user tasks. Such Trails are used to generate rules for online, context-sensitive prediction of future interaction sequences. Predicted user interaction sequences are then optimized to reduce the amount of user input and user wait time using techniques such as interaction short-cuts, automatic text copying and form-filling, as well as page pre-fetching. Such optimized interaction sequences are, at real-time, recommended to the user through UI enhancements in a non-intrusive manner.
Overexpression of TEAD4 in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor: New insight to the pathophysiology of an aggressive brain tumor (2016)

We report the overexpression of TEAD4 in AT/RT, which is a key component of Hippo pathway. Recent reports revealed that dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is implicated in tumorigenesis and poor prognosis of several human cancers. Our results suggest that TEAD4 plays a role in the pathophysiology of AT/RT, which represents a new insight into the biology of this aggressive tumor.
Lack of Cross-Resistance of Imidazolinone-Resistant Cell Lines of <i>Datura innoxia</i> P. Mill. to Chlorsulfuron (1990)

Two cell lines of Datura innoxia resistant to two imidazolinone herbicides, imazapyr and imazaquin, were isolated from mutagenized, predominantly haploid cell suspension cultures. Both of the resistant variants were >1000-fold more resistant than the wild-type to the two imidazolinones. The variant resistant to imazapyr showed cross-resistance to imazaquin and vice versa, but no cross-resistance to a structurally different inhibitor, chlorsulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide, was observed. The target enzyme, acetolactate synthase, extracted from imidazolinone-resistant cell lines was not inhibited by imazapyr or imazaquin but was sensitive to chlorsulfuron indicating separable sites of action for these inhibitors. The variation in resistance and cross-resistance of chlorsulfuron-resistant (PK Saxena, J King [1988] Plant Physiol 86: 863-867) and imidazolinone-resistant cell lines of Datura innoxia demonstrates the possibility of separate mutations of acetolactate synthase gene resulting in specific phenotypes.
Active flexible concentric ring electrode for non-invasive surface bioelectrical recordings (2012)

Bioelectrical surface recordings are usually performed by unipolar or bipolar disc electrodes even though they entail the serious disadvantage of having poor spatial resolution. Concentric ring electrodes give improved spatial resolution, although this type of electrode has so far only been implemented in rigid substrates and as they are not adapted to the curvature of the recording surface may provide discomfort to the patient. Moreover, the signals recorded by these electrodes are usually lower in amplitude than conventional disc electrodes. The aim of this work was thus to develop and test a new modular active sensor made up of concentric ring electrodes printed on a flexible substrate by thick-film technology together with a reusable battery-powered signal-conditioning circuit. Simultaneous ECG recording with both flexible and rigid concentric ring electrodes were carried out on 10 healthy volunteers at rest and in motion. The results show that flexible concentric ring electrodes not only present lower skin-electrode contact impedance and lower baseline wander than rigid electrodes but are also less sensitive to interference and motion artefacts. We believe these electrodes, which allow bioelectric signals to be acquired non-invasively with better spatial resolution than conventional disk electrodes, to be a step forward in the development of new monitoring systems based on Laplacian potential recordings.
Kubelka‐munk analysis of absorptance in the presence of scattering, including surface‐reflection correction to transmittance (1985)

Abstract The absorption of optical radiation by an (incidentally) fluorescent absorbing material was studied in the presence of substantial amounts of scattering. If surface‐reflection corrections are neglected, the apparent absorptance of the system is “enhanced” in the presence of scattering. However, in this case attempts to use the Kubelka‐Munk turbid‐medium theory to compute the results do not lead to an accurate and adequate explanation. If surface‐reflection corrections are applied, all observed phenomena can be explained, but a negative enhancement is predicted. A new Saunderson‐type correction equation for surface reflection of the diffuse internal transmittance is derived and applied. Fluorescence does not contribute to the phenomena studied since measurements were limited to wavelengths outside the fluorescent emission spectral region.
Lymph-borne (veiled) dendritic cells can acquire and present intestinally administered antigens. (1991)

To investigate the ability of lymph-borne (veiled) dendritic cells (LDC) to acquire and present antigens in vivo, mesenteric lymphadenectomized rats were injected intra-intestinally with antigen and LDC were then purified from thoracic duct lymph. When used as antigen presenting cells with primed spleen cells as responders, the LDC could stimulate antigen-specific proliferation of the responder cells in the absence of exogenous added antigen. As little as 10 mg of ovalbumin (OVA) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the ileum and jejunum could sensitize LDC for presentation. LDC acquired antigen within 8 hr of its injection but cells collected more than 24 hr after injection were unable to stimulate a response. Non-dendritic cells (NDC) in the thoracic duct lymph, such as B cells, were unable to present antigen either following intraintestinal injection or after in vitro pulsing. The antigen-specific response was blocked by antibodies to CD4 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and was totally dependent on the presence of CD4+ cells in the responding population. These studies show that dendritic cells can acquire antigens in vivo and provide a novel approach to the study of intestinal immune responses and oral tolerance.
Privacy-Preserving Generative Deep Neural Networks Support Clinical Data Sharing (2019)

Deep neural networks that generate synthetic participants facilitate secondary analyses and reproducible investigation of clinical data sets by enhancing data sharing while preserving participant privacy.
Novel actions of methylene blue. (1993)

Methylene blue has been frequently used as an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase. We found that endothelium-dependent relaxations of isolated blood vessels were considerably more sensitive to inhibition by methylene blue than relaxation induced by direct activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Similar data were obtained in the presence of superoxide dismutase, indicating that the diverse potencies of methylene blue were not due to superoxide-induced inactivation of nitric oxide (NO). Subsequent experiments revealed that methylene blue is an inhibitor of purified NO synthase. Conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline was inhibited by the dye in a concentration-dependent fashion with half-maximal effects observed at 5.3 microM and 9.2 microM in the absence and presence of superoxide dismutase, respectively. Purified soluble guanylyl cyclase, however, was far less sensitive to methylene blue. When the enzyme was maximally stimulated with S-nitroso-glutathione, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, (cGMP) formation was reduced by 50% at approximately 60 microM methylene blue; 1 mM produced maximal inhibitions of about 70%. Our data indicate that methylene blue is only a poor inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase. The dye seems to act primarily via inhibition of NO synthase, with enzyme-bound heme being a possible target in its inhibitory action.
Choline Kinase Activation Is a Critical Requirement for the Proliferation of Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cells and Breast Tumor Progression (2004)

Breast cancer is still one of the most important tumors among women in industrialized countries. Improvement in both understanding the molecular events associated with the disease and the development of new additional treatments is still an important goal to be achieved. Choline kinase (ChoK) is increased in human mammary tumors with high incidence, and this activation is associated with clinical variable indicators of greater malignancy. Here, we have investigated the role of ChoK in the development of breast cancer and found that ChoK is both necessary and sufficient for growth factor-induced proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells and an absolute requirement for the specific mitogenic response to heregulin in breast tumor-derived cells. These results demonstrate that ChoK plays an essential role in both normal human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast tumor progression. Furthermore, inhibition of ChoK shows a strong in vivo antitumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts. Thus, ChoK constitutes a novel bona fide molecular target for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
Identification of carcinoembryonic antigen-producing cells circulating in the blood of patients with colorectal carcinoma by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. (1996)

This is the first study to suggest that identification of circulating colorectal cancer cells using RT-PCR for detection of CEA cDNA is feasible.
Condensed Tannins: Desulfonation of Hydroxybenzylsulfonic Acids Related to Proanthocyanidin Derivatives (1988)

Abstract Studies on the desulfonation of 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzylsulfonic acid and sodium epicatechin-(4β)-sulfonate showed that sulfonates α to a phloroglucinol ring are good leaving groups at ambient temperature and pH greater than 8.0. In contrast, hydroxybenzylsulfonic acids with resorcinol or phenol hydroxyl functionality resist desulfonation even at pH 12 and 90°C. It was also not possible to make (2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl), (4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane or (2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl),(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-methane by slow addition of 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzylsulfonic acid to alkaline solutions of phenol or resorcinol. However, facile desulfonation of 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzylsulfonic acid derivatives permits the use of condensed tannins from most conifer barks as intermediates for the formulation of water-resistant, cold-setting, wood-laminating adhesives. Under typical adhesive formulation conditions, the sulfonic acid groups on tannin derivatives from conifer barks will he displaced, resulting in water-insoluble polymers.
Improving Worst-Case Latency Analysis for Rate-Constrained Traffic in the Time-Triggered Ethernet Network (2014)

Traditional performance analysis models based on the network calculus approach are not fit for the time-triggered Ethernet (TTEthernet) network due to the porosity characteristic of timed-triggered (TT) traffic in the TT-schedule. This paper introduces the porosity concept into the arrival curve model of TT traffic and gives a general method for the worst-case end-to-end latency analysis of rate-constrained (RC) traffic. Experiments show that our models give tighter latency bounds than results from other already known models and may be used to guide the design of the TT-schedule.
Endoglycosidase treatment abrogates IgG arthritogenicity: Importance of IgG glycosylation in arthritis (2007)

The glycosylation status of IgG has been implicated in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis. Earlier, we reported the identification of a novel secreted endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EndoS), secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes that specifically hydrolyzes the beta-1,4-di-N-acetylchitobiose core of the asparagine-linked glycan of human IgG. Here, we analyzed the arthritogenicity of EndoS-treated collagen type II (CII)-specific mouse mAb in vivo. Endoglycosidase treatment of the antibodies inhibited the induction of arthritis in (BALB/c x B10.Q) F1 mice and induced a milder arthritis in B10.RIII mice as compared with the severe arthritis induced by non-treated antibodies. Furthermore, EndoS treatment did not affect the binding of IgG to CII and their ability to activate complement, but it resulted in reduced IgG binding to FcgammaR and disturbed the formation of stable immune complexes. Hence, the asparagine-linked glycan on IgG plays a crucial role in the development of arthritis.
Principles of managing patients with personality disorder (2002)

The management of individuals with personality disorder is one of the most challenging and sometimes controversial areas of psychiatry. This paper describes the principles involved in identifying the clinical problems and formulating a management plan for patients with personality disorder in everyday clinical practice. It demonstrates that the principles of assessing and managing personality disorders and the clinical skills required are no different from those of treating any other chronic mental disorder.
Laminin Receptors (1991)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
The Lady Vanishes? Reflections on the Experiences of Married and Divorced Non- Heterosexual Fathers (2001)

This paper draws on one of the first published studies of gay fatherhood to explore some experiences of those who were married or divorced. Focus on their stories reveals some of the complexity of our emotional and sexual landscapes, and provides interesting evidence of the socially constructed bases of sexuality. Mapping their parenting circumstances and relationships with ex/wives, I apply a feminist analysis in an attempt to understand the unusual patterns found. I suggest that in a contemporary context whereby increasing numbers of people are questioning and rejecting conventional forms of family life and gender practices, the exploration of non-heterosexual experience provides an important opportunity to consider alternative models of parenting, gender, and relations across and within gender categories.
The synaptic antenna for reconfigurable array applications-description (2003)

The authors describe the physical structure of a synaptic antenna that may be used for reconfigurable applications. The synaptic antenna is a matrix of thin conductive line segments joined (synapsed) at nodes with photoconducting cells (Photistor) that can be switched on by optical energy alone. The entire matrix rests on a perfectly conducting ground plane, through which the nodes are switched by an optical fiber feed configuration. The conducting segments between switched-on nodes are excited through synaptically configured transmission lines. Typical realizable thin-wire antenna configurations include broadside and collinear horizontal dipole arrays and crossed dipole arrays. The electromagnetic behavior of various synaptic antennas is analyzed by a thin-wire version of the Numerical Electromagnetics Code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Data warehouse technology by infobright (2009)

We discuss Infobright technology with respect to its main features and architectural differentiators. We introduce the upcoming research and development projects that may be of special interest to the academic and industry communities.