gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic and autonomous channel adaptation in wireless sensor networks (2009)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are often deployed in places where they have to share the radio frequency spectrum with other wireless devices. Functioning and performance of WSNs can be harmfully influenced by such near-by devices. Consequently, there is a strong need for WSNs to provide capabilities for autonomous adaptation to possible interference in the wireless medium. In this paper we propose two general-purpose distributed protocols that can dynamically adapt the transmission channel of a WSN according to the state of the RF spectrum. They exploit scanning abilities of radios embedded on individual nodes to detect local interference and use beacons to notify other nodes in order to build a global view of the spectrum state enabling a local decision for the best channel to use. The algorithms do not require any form of time synchronization. We evaluate the proposed protocols through simulations and show that they significantly outperform existing solutions by providing better reliability and convergence time. We also implement them on real sensor nodes and justify our simulation results with real-life experiments.
A Practical Large-Scale Synthesis of (3<i>R</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol via Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition (2005)

(3R,4R)-4-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol (1), which is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of various bioactive molecules, has been synthesized in 51% overall yield by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction from the dipolarophile, (E)-3-benzyloxypropenoyl-(2‘S)-bornane-10,2-sultam (5), and the achiral ylide precursor, N-(benzyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-N-(trimethylsilylmethyl)amine (6), without using chromatography and the subsequent reduction with LAH and catalytic hydrogenation. The diastereomers 7 and 8 were separated by crystallization, and efficient procedures were developed for the subsequent reactions to afford 1.
Solution-processed ambipolar vertical organic field effect transistor (2012)

We report on a solution-processed ambipolar patterned-electrode vertical organic field effect transistor (PE-VOFET) based on the P(NDI2OD-T2) polymer. The Schottky barrier-based VOFET operation uniquely facilitates an ambipolar transport using a single anode-cathode-electrode and a single semiconductor material. Pin-hole free sub-100 nanometer channel length devices are obtained with no high resolution patterning owing to both the polymer’s smooth morphology and the underlining patterned-electrode’s flatness. The VOFET exhibits n-type on/off ratio >103, current density >50 [mAcm−2] under VDS = 5 V, as well as p-type operation. Prone to design and optimization, the ambipolar PE-VOFET is a promising platform for organic complementary circuit technology.
Use of Antisense Oligonucleotides: Advantages, Controls, and Cardiovascular Tissue (2002)

Antisense oligonucleotides are short pieces of synthetic, chemically modified DNA or RNA that are designed to interact by Watson-Crick base pairing with mRNA encoding a targeted protein. During the past 20 years the technology associated with the development of antisense has improved dramatically, and emerging chemistries have made antisense oligonucleotides into powerful and versatile tools to study the function of proteins in living cells. The dramatic increase in novel genomic sequence information that has recently become available has generated enormous opportunities for the development of antisense oligonucleotides capable of altering the expression level of virtually any gene. With this will come a nearly equal opportunity to determine the role of individual proteins in a vast array of cardiovascular disease. The great specificity that these compounds exhibit in vitro suggests that they may also have an exciting future for development into therapeutics useful for the treatment of human disease. This review highlights some of the advances made in the field of antisense research, placing an emphasis on uses and proper controls.
Thermal Compensation Method for CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Using Temperature-Adaptive DC&amp;ndash;DC Converter (2006)

A cost-effective thermal compensation technique for CMOS digital integrated circuits (ICs) is proposed. The technique features a temperature-adaptive dc-dc converter serving as both temperature detector and variable power supply. The converter adopts a delay-line-based analog-to-digital converter to translate the temperature information into digital signals. By adjusting the output voltage, the dc-dc converter can help stabilize the ICs' operating frequency. The system was fabricated with a standard 1.5-mum digital CMOS process. With a supply of 3.3 V, the converter is capable of providing a variable supply voltage of 1.1-2.0 V with a maximum power efficiency of 92.1%. With this compensation technique, the temperature sensitivity of ICs is reduced from 4046 to 74 ppm/degC within a temperature range of 0-110degC
Vehicle braking strategies based on regenerative braking boundaries of electric machines (2015)

Electric and hybrid-electric vehicles are capable of providing electrical braking to assist mechanical brakes during a braking event. Braking strategies can be formulated to dictate the manner in which the braking effort is shared between the electrical and mechanical brakes. Electrical braking capability is identified by regions in the braking quadrants of an electric machine's torque-speed plane, and these capability regions may be further subdivided into regenerative and non-regenerative braking regions. Regenerative electrical braking adds energy to the energy storage system, whereas non-regenerative electrical braking subtracts energy from the energy storage system. This paper uses the concept of regenerative braking boundaries to define braking strategies that avoid operation in non-regenerative braking regions so as to recover as much electrical energy as possible during braking events.
Control of the Physical Form of Salmeterol Xinafoate (1999)

Two approaches to the generation of particles of the phenethanolamine, salmeterol xinafoate, are discussed. To produce particles with good flow properties a fast cooling crystallisation process was developed which delivered salmeterol xinafoate as spherical agglomerates of microcrystals which had good powder flow characteristics and could be micronised efficiently in a fluid energy mill. In a radically different approach, salmeterol xinafoate was crystallised using supercritical carbon dioxide in the SEDS (solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids) process. By means of this technique the solid state form, crystal habit, and particle size of salmeterol xinafoate could be effectively controlled.
Spectrally resolved fully phase‐encoded three‐dimensional fast spin‐echo imaging (2013)

This work demonstrates the feasibility of SR-FPE to perform chemical species separation and spectrally resolved imaging near metal without distortion, in scan times appropriate for the clinical setting.
The First Cold Atmospheric Plasma Phase I Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors: A Novel Treatment Arm for Cancer (2023)

Local regional recurrence (LRR) remains the primary cause of treatment failure in solid tumors despite advancements in cancer therapies. Canady Helios Cold Plasma (CHCP) is a novel Cold Atmospheric Plasma device that generates an Electromagnetic Field and Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species to induce cancer cell death. In the first FDA-approved Phase I trial (March 2020-April 2021), 20 patients with stage IV or recurrent solid tumors underwent surgical resection combined with intra-operative CHCP treatment. Safety was the primary endpoint; secondary endpoints were non-LRR, survival, cancer cell death, and the preservation of surrounding healthy tissue. CHCP did not impact intraoperative physiological data (<i>p</i> > 0.05) or cause any related adverse events. Overall response rates at 26 months for R0 and R0 with microscopic positive margin (R0-MPM) patients were 69% (95% CI, 19-40%) and 100% (95% CI, 100-100.0%), respectively. Survival rates for R0 (n = 7), R0-MPM (n = 5), R1 (n = 6), and R2 (n = 2) patients at 28 months were 86%, 40%, 67%, and 0%, respectively. The cumulative overall survival rate was 24% at 31 months (n = 20, 95% CI, 5.3-100.0). CHCP treatment combined with surgery is safe, selective towards cancer, and demonstrates exceptional LRR control in R0 and R0-MPM patients. (Clinical Trials identifier: NCT04267575).
A Novel RF-Assisted-Strobe System for Unobtrusive Vibration Detection of Machine Parts (2020)

In this paper, we propose a novel non-contact vibration measurement system that is competent in estimating linear and/or rotational motions of machine parts. The technique combines microwave radar, standard camera, and optical strobe to capture vibrational or rotational motions in a relatively fast and affordable manner when compared to the current technologies. In particular, the proposed technique is capable of not only measuring common vibrational parameters (e.g. frequency, motor rpm, etc.) but also provides spatial information of the vibrational sources so that the origin of each vibrational point can be identified accurately. Furthermore, it can also capture the wobbling motion of the rotating shafts. Thus, the proposed method can find immense applications in preventive maintenance across various industries where heavy machinery needs to be monitored unobtrusively or there is a requirement for non-contact multi-point vibration measurement for any machine inspection applications.
Incremental parsing models for dialog task structure (2009)

In this paper, we present an integrated model of the two central tasks of dialog management: interpreting user actions and generating system actions. We model the interpretation task as a classification problem and the generation task as a prediction problem. These two tasks are interleaved in an incremental parsing-based dialog model. We compare three alternative parsing methods for this dialog model using a corpus of human-human spoken dialog from a catalog ordering domain that has been annotated for dialog acts and task/subtask information. We contrast the amount of context provided by each method and its impact on performance.
An automatically placed-and-routed ADPLL for the medradio band using PWM to enhance DCO resolution (2013)

An all-digital phase-locked loop for the MedRadio bands is presented. This ring oscillator based ADPLL was entirely designed and placed-and-routed using digital design flows and was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. Pulse width modulation of the DCO control signals is introduced as a technique to improve the resolution of the DCO to 59 kHz/LSB. This ADPLL operates as a subsampling integer-N frequency synthesizer from 400 to 460 MHz, and consumes 2.1 mA from a 1 V supply, with an rms jitter of 13.3 ps.
Whole program paths (1999)

Whole program paths (WPP) are a new approach to capturing and representing a program's dynamic---actually executed---control flow. Unlike other path profiling techniques, which record intraprocedural or acyclic paths, WPPs produce a single, compact description of a program's entire control flow, including loop iteration and interprocedural paths.This paper explains how to collect and represent WPPs. It also shows how to use WPPs to find hot subpaths , which are the heavily executed sequences of code that should be the focus of performance tuning and compiler optimization.
The chaos router: a practical application of randomization in network routing (1990)

We present the chaos router, an asynchronous adaptive router, which under certain circumstances can send messages farther from their destinations. The chaos router greatly simplifies the routing logic by removing the livelock protection of previous schemes. Through an effective use of randomness, whose sources include that due to the adaptively processed load, the natural timing differences of selftimed circuitry and explicitly injected randomization, the chaos router avoids long message routes with high probability.
Novel network fiber to manage dispersion at 1.55 m with combination of 1.3 m zero dispersion single mode fiber (1997)

New type of network fiber which has reverse dispersion and dispersion slope against 1.3 μm zero dispersion SMF was designed and fabricated. The total dispersion was managed to be nearly zero and flat at 1.55 μm region by combining SMF with new fiber of approximately 1:1 length.
Mass detection in digitized mammograms using two independent computer-assisted diagnosis schemes. (1996)

Similar to an independent double-reading approach and depending upon the relevant clinical question, sensitivity or specificity can be improved by combining the results of several independent CAD schemes.
Isolation and Structure of Diapause Hormone of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. (1991)

The embryonic diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori is induced by a neuropeptide hormone, diapause hormone, which is secreted from the suboesophageal ganglion. About 55, 000 complexes of the suboesophageal ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion were dissected out from day 1 pupae of silkworms. The hormone was extracted with hot water and purified by a reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography on a TSK gel octadecyl-4PW column. The second chromatography gave a single symmetric peak and the isolated hormone induced diapause in 20% eggs at a dose of 1.5ng/pupa. Diapause hormone has 24 amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 2645. The synthesized peptide with a carboxyl terminal as amide form exhibited the same behavior on HPLC and similar activity as the natural hormone.
Development of a New Qualitative Test for Fit Testing Respirators (1995)

Abstract A new qualitative fit test was developed using Bitrex™ (Macfarland Smith Limited) as the test agent. It was validated by running a series of paired qualitative and quantitative fit tests. Quantitative tests were conducted with a small corn oil aerosol, using a condensation nucleus counter as a detector. Qualitative fit tests were run with Bitrex and saccharin, following the established protocol for the saccharin fit test. Four models of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health—approved replaceable filter respirators were used in the study. All were half mask models equipped with high efficiency filters. In some cases, respirators expected to be the correct size for test subjects were tested. In other cases, respirators expected to be too small or too large for the subjects were tested. Test results were analyzed using fit test method validation criteria recommended in the American National Standards Institute draft standard on fit testing (ANSI Z88.10). The Bitrex and saccharin tests were found to have virtually identical performance. Both met proposed American National Standards Institute requirements for a valid qualitative fit test.
Eight-level DC-AC converter using four-switch extended commutation cells (2015)

The extended commutation cell is a four-port, four-switch cell that allows for bidirectional energy transport in two orthogonal directions throughout the cell. By cascading multiple cells a multilevel converter can be constructed with a high number of cells. The voltage across each cell capacitor can be adjusted independently of the load, resulting in high flexibility in output levels. This paper presents the analysis, design and verification of a 4.4kW eight-level dc-ac converter. The capacitor voltage control is operated with closed loop control and the output is operating in open loop. The experimental results are in agreement with the simulations are show the cell's potential for application in multilevel power converters.
Normative optical coherence tomography measurements in children (2012)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained popularity in clinical ophthalmic management by providing detailed visualisation and quantification of ocular structures. The most common clinical use of this technology is in glaucoma, retina diseases, neuro-ophthalmology and anterior segment applications. Recent technological improvement leads to the introduction of spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) that offers higher scanning speeds, higher scan densities and better resolution than earlier generations of this technology. The ability to visualise areas of interest with a high acquisition rate SD-OCT imager along with the ability to quantify structures expands the utility of OCT to new clinical territories, such as children and other poorly compliant populations. In order to make full use of the OCT information, a comparison with population-derived normative data is needed to identify deviations from the normal range. Unfortunately, only limited information is available for persons <18 years of age for any of the commercially available OCTs.

Several studies have demonstrated that the retina and optic nerve change with ageing. This finding …
POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT WITH DISPASE (1998)

Dispase disrupts the attachment of the posterior hyaloid to the inner limiting membrane with minor morphologic changes in the inner retina. The enzyme may be useful in removing cortical vitreous during vitreous surgery.
Effects of SLM transmissive dead zones on optical correlation (1990)

The inactive areas of certain pixellated SLMs are transmissive rather than opaque, while their active areas modulate the optical phase or amplitude. Computer simulations of optical correlators are made for a continuous-input SLM and a filter SLM implementing either a classical matched, phase-only, or binary phase-only filter. The correlation peak and signal-to-noise ratio are studied as a function of dead-zone area in both the input and filter SLMs. These results are compared with those obtained from correlators whose SLMs have only opaque dead zones.
Spray Chemical Vapor Deposition of Single-Source Precursors for Chalcopyrite I-III-VI2 Thin-Film Materials (2008)

Thin-film solar cells on flexible, lightweight, space-qualified substrates provide an attractive approach to fabricating solar arrays with high mass-specific power. A polycrystalline chalcopyrite absorber layer is among the new generation of photovoltaic device technologies for thin film solar cells. At NASA Glenn Research Center we have focused on the development of new single-source precursors (SSPs) for deposition of semiconducting chalcopyrite materials onto lightweight, flexible substrates. We describe the syntheses and thermal modulation of SSPs via molecular engineering. Copper indium disulfide and related thin-film materials were deposited via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition using SSPs. Processing and post-processing parameters were varied in order to modify morphology, stoichiometry, crystallography, electrical properties, and optical properties to optimize device quality. Growth at atmospheric pressure in a horizontal hotwall reactor at 395 C yielded the best device films. Placing the susceptor closer to the evaporation zone and flowing a more precursor-rich carrier gas through the reactor yielded shinier-, smoother-, and denser-looking films. Growth of (112)-oriented films yielded more Cu-rich films with fewer secondary phases than growth of (204)/(220)-oriented films. Post-deposition sulfur-vapor annealing enhanced stoichiometry and crystallinity of the films. Photoluminescence studies revealed four major emission bands and a broad band associated with deep defects. The highest device efficiency for an aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposited cell was one percent.
Characterization of ultrathin silicon oxide films with mirror-enhanced polarized reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2001)

Ultrathin silicon oxide films thermally grown on Si (100) are characterized with mirror-enhanced polarized reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MEPR-FTIR). MEPR-FTIR is proposed to effectively probe properties of ultrathin films. Using a mirror and a polarizer, MEPR-FTIR overcomes the difficulty of weak IR intensities normally encountered in ultrathin gate dielectrics such as SiO2; the intensity of the silicon oxide longitudinal optical (LO) mode is found to increase by a factor of about 20. Therefore, FTIR spectrometers with sensitivity down to 0.01% may allow even submonolayer probing of silicon oxide on Si substrates. The relationship between film thickness and IR intensity of the LO mode at 1252 cm−1 is presented for silicon oxide films as thin as a few Å thick. Independent measurements with ellipsometry, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as theoretical predictions using the general Fresnel function are utilized. Although nonlinear overall, the theoretically predicted relationship between the MEPR-FTIR intensity and film thickness is almost linear within the range 0–50 Å. Experimental data are shown to agree very well with the theoretical calculations for two different kinds of oxides: thermal oxides grown at 1050 °C and native oxides. Such results suggest that the MEPR-FTIR can be useful as an ex situ or in situ technique for thickness measurements and, in fact, for other properties of ultrathin gate dielectrics.
GaN‐ and AlGaN‐based UV‐LEDs on sapphire by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (2008)

Abstract We investigated the relationship between the dislocation densities and the electro‐luminescence (EL) peak intensities in AlGaN, which was grown on GaN‐ or AlGaN‐on sapphire, by low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Crystallographic properties of the AlGaN epilayer has been investigated by a high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction method. We showed that EL intensity was strongly dependent on the full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) from (10 $ \bar 1 $ 2) AlGaN diffraction peaks for GaN‐ or AlGaN‐ based LEDs at omega mode. This result indicated the reduction of edge and mixed dislocation densities led to improvement of the EL characteristics. Although the GaN‐based LEDs absorb UV‐light, the EL intensity was higher than that AlGaN‐based LEDs. Comparing at the same FWHM value of AlGaN (10 $ \bar 1 $ 2) peaks, EL intensity of AlGaN‐based LEDs were several times higher than that of GaN‐based LEDs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of [ <sup>125</sup> I]ZM241385 binding to adenosine A <sub>2A</sub> receptors in thalamus and pineal gland of sheep brain (2006)

Adenosine is a ubiquitous neuromodulator and homeostatic regulator that exerts its physiologic effects through activation of A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptor subtypes. In the central nervous system, adenosine has neuromodulatory activity that often manifests as tonic inhibitory control. Adenosine released from the brain during hypoxia has critical depressant effects on breathing in fetal and newborn mammals, an action that may be mediated by A2A receptors that are associated with the parafascicular nuclear complex of the posteromedial thalamus. In an effort to define the relative distribution of adenosine A2A receptors in the sheep diencephalons, we have used a receptor autoradiographic technique utilizing an iodinated radioligand, which has greater sensitivity than the tritiated compound. The distribution of [125I]ZM241385 binding sites in fetal sheep diencephalons indicated that the highest levels of binding were in the parafascicular nuclear complex and the pineal gland. These binding sites were more fully characterized in homogenate radioligand binding assays. These data indicated that [125I]ZM241385 binding sites displayed a pharmacological signature consistent with that of adenosine A2A receptors and were expressed at similar levels in fetal neonatal, and adult ovine brain. These results have important implications for the functional roles of adenosine in the thalamus and pineal of the sheep brain. Supported by NICHD HD-18478