gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable optical frequency division using a phase-locked optical parametric oscillator (1992)

We report the experimental demonstration of a novel optical parametric oscillator approach to tunable optical frequency division. The beat frequency of the signal and idler subharmonic outputs of a tunable cw KTP optical parametric oscillator was phase locked to a microwave reference frequency source, which thus permitted precise determination of the output frequencies at approximately half the input pump frequency.
Fluoroalkylation of Imidazoles by Hypervalent Iodonium Salts (2008)

N-1H,1H-perfluoroalkylation and regioselective C-perfluoroalkylation of imidazoles were obtained using the corresponding hypervalent iodonium salts.
Graphene oxide-based efficient and scalable solar desalination under one sun with a confined 2D water path (2016)

Because it is able to produce desalinated water directly using solar energy with minimum carbon footprint, solar steam generation and desalination is considered one of the most important technologies to address the increasingly pressing global water scarcity. Despite tremendous progress in the past few years, efficient solar steam generation and desalination can only be achieved for rather limited water quantity with the assistance of concentrators and thermal insulation, not feasible for large-scale applications. The fundamental paradox is that the conventional design of direct absorber-bulk water contact ensures efficient energy transfer and water supply but also has intrinsic thermal loss through bulk water. Here, enabled by a confined 2D water path, we report an efficient (80% under one-sun illumination) and effective (four orders salinity decrement) solar desalination device. More strikingly, because of minimized heat loss, high efficiency of solar desalination is independent of the water quantity and can be maintained without thermal insulation of the container. A foldable graphene oxide film, fabricated by a scalable process, serves as efficient solar absorbers (>94%), vapor channels, and thermal insulators. With unique structure designs fabricated by scalable processes and high and stable efficiency achieved under normal solar illumination independent of water quantity without any supporting systems, our device represents a concrete step for solar desalination to emerge as a complementary portable and personalized clean water solution.
Controlling transient stability through line switching (2012)

Smart transmission systems have introduced new possibilities of using topology control process for increasing power system dynamic security. Nowadays, in short term analysis, transmission topology is often treated as static and network reconfiguration is performed only for optimizing power flows and market performance. Modern technological infrastructure have enabled fast communication between power system elements. In this scenario, it is foreseeable that topology control can be exploited in real-time as the last resource for avoiding system collapse. In this paper, a dynamic corrective control strategy based on line switching technique is presented. In particular, the proposed method is based on an algorithm that allows to identify transmission lines that should be switched on/off during transients and the time when the corrective action has to be applied in order to guarantee system stability. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated through simulations on a detailed representation of the Italian transmission network.
Webview: Scalable information monitoring for data-intensive web applications (2008)

We present WebView, a scalable information monitoring service for data-intensive Web applications that continuously monitors local application state, aggregates local state into a global view, and uses the global view to help ensure high performance and high availability for these applications. We demonstrate the effectiveness of WebView by building three key Web applications: (a) a data prefetching service for content distribution and (b) a heavy hitter monitoring service for detecting anomalies such as flash crowds and denial-ofservice attacks, and (c) monitoring large-scale systems hosting Web services. To provide a global system view in real-time, a monitoring service faces two key challenges: (1) scalability to many nodes and attributes as well as high volume of data updates and (2) bounding the freshness of monitoring results i.e., the time between an event update and its notification to the application. To address these challenges, we design, implement, and evaluate WebView that leverages Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) to build scalable aggregation trees, and that exploits precision-performance tradeoffs which tolerate a bounded small approximation error to significantly reduce the monitoring load. WebView enables applications to control this tradeoff by providing (1) arithmetic filtering that caches recent reports and only transmits new information if it differs by some numeric threshold (e.g., ± 10%) from the cached report and (2) temporal batching that combines multiple updates that arrive near one another in time into a single network message, and that further bounds the freshness of monitoring query results. Our prototype implementation of WebView combines these techniques with DHTbased aggregation hierarchy to implement a single highlyscalable monitoring system. Evaluation of our WebView prototype for our three Web applications shows that our system provides significant application benefits and is an order of magnitude more scalable than existing approaches while still delivering fresh results with high accuracy. 1.
Interference coordination for dense wireless networks (2015)

The promise of ubiquitous and super-fast connectivity for the upcoming years will be in large part fulfilled by the addition of base stations and spectral aggregation. The resulting very dense networks (DenseNets) will face a number of technical challenges. Among others, the interference emerges as an old acquaintance with new significance. As a matter of fact, the interference conditions and the role of aggressor and victim depend to a large extent on the density and the scenario. To illustrate this, downlink interference statistics for different 3GPP simulation scenarios and a more irregular and dense deployment in Tokyo are compared. Evolution to DenseNets offers new opportunities for further development of downlink interference cooperation techniques. Various mechanisms in LTE and LTE-Advanced are revisited. Some techniques try to anticipate the future in a proactive way, whereas others simply react to an identified interference problem. As an example, we propose two algorithms to apply time domain and frequency domain small cell interference coordination in a DenseNet.
Dynamic Light Scattering from Static and Dynamic Fluctuations in Inhomogeneous Media (2002)

General equations for photon-correlation functions measured by dynamic-light-scattering on inhomogeneous, non-ergodic systems are presented. In contrast to previous studies on the same subject, our derivation includes the most general case that is free from any assumption on the nature of dynamic fluctuations. The present treatment provides a guideline for applying a dynamic-light-scattering technique to investigate dynamic properties of disordered systems in their most general situation where not only static but also dynamic properties depend on position. The well known Siegert relation and Pusey–van Megen equation are shown to be derivable as a special case in our general treatment. Application of the derived equations to real polymeric gel systems is discussed. As further developments, our formulation will be of use in studies of phase transitions and critical phenomena in complex systems.
Current perspectives on cardiac amyloidosis (2011)

Amyloidosis represents a group of diseases in which proteins undergo misfolding to form insoluble fibrils with subsequent tissue deposition. While almost all deposited amyloid fibers share a common nonbranched morphology, the affected end organs, clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and prognosis vary greatly among this group of diseases and are largely dependent on the specific amyloid precursor protein. To date, at least 27 precursor proteins have been identified to result in either local tissue or systemic amyloidosis, with nine of them manifesting in cardiac deposition and resulting in a syndrome termed "cardiac amyloidosis" or "amyloid cardiomyopathy." Although cardiac amyloidosis has been traditionally considered to be a rare disorder, as clinical appreciation and understanding continues to grow, so too has the prevalence, suggesting that this disease may be greatly underdiagnosed. The most common form of cardiac amyloidosis is associated with circulating amyloidogenic monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain proteins. Other major cardiac amyloidoses result from a misfolding of products of mutated or wild-type transthyretin protein. While the various cardiac amyloidoses share a common functional consequence, namely, an infiltrative cardiomyopathy with restrictive pathophysiology leading to progressive heart failure, the underlying pathophysiology and clinical syndrome varies with each precursor protein. Herein, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of cardiac amyloidosis from nomenclature to molecular mechanisms and treatment options, with a particular focus on amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chain protein cardiac amyloidosis.
Differentially expressed microRNAs in TGFβ2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelium cells (2014)

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells plays a key role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), both of which lead to severe loss of vision. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be involved in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes, such as embryogenesis, organ development, oncogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the expression profile and function of miRNAs in the EMT of RPE cells remain to be clarified. In this study, human miRNA expression profiles were identified using microarrays and 304 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in TGFβ2-induced EMT in human RPE cells. Of these differentially expressed miRNAs, 185 miRNAs were downregulated and 119 miRNAs were upregulated at least 2-fold in TGFβ2 treatment samples. Similar alterations of miRNA expression were validated for 35 representative miRNAs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Therefore, these results suggested that differentially expressed miRNAs play potential roles in TGFβ2-induced EMT in RPE cells. This is an essential step in the identification of miRNAs associated with PVR and PDR progression, and in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.
Ultracompact Graphene-Assisted Tunable Waveguide Couplers with High Directivity and Mode Selectivity (2018)

Graphene distinguishes itself as a promising candidate for realizing tunable integrated photonic devices with high flexibility. We propose a set of ultracompact tunable on-chip waveguide couplers with mode-selectivity and polarization sensitivity around the telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm, under the configuration of graphene-laminated silicon waveguides patterned with gold nanoantennas. Versatile couplings can be achieved in a widely tunable fashion within a deep-subwavelength area (210 × 210 nm<sup>2</sup>), by marrying the advantages of tight field confinement in plasmonic antennas and the largely tunable carrier density of graphene. Incident light signals can be selectively coupled into different fundamental modes with good mode quality and high directionality exceeding 25 dB. Design scenarios for asymmetric couplings are presented, where the operation wavelength can be tuned across a 107-nm range around 1.55 mm by altering the chemical potential of graphene from 0 to 1.8 eV. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can be leveraged as mode-sensitive on-chip directional waveguide signal detectors with an extinction ratio over 10 dB. Our results provide a new paradigm upon graphene-assisted tunable integrated photonic applications.
High and Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation Induce Different Secretome Profiles in a Human Skin Model (2014)

It is postulated that secreted soluble factors are important contributors of bystander effect and adaptive responses observed in low dose ionizing radiation. Using multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based proteomics, we quantified the changes of skin tissue secretome--the proteins secreted from a full thickness, reconstituted 3-dimensional skin tissue model 48 hr after exposure to 3, 10 and 200 cGy of X-rays. Overall, 135 proteins showed statistical significant difference between the sham (0 cGy) and any of the irradiated groups (3, 10 or 200 cGy) on the basis of Dunnett adjusted t-test; among these, 97 proteins showed a trend of downregulation and 9 proteins showed a trend of upregulation with increasing radiation dose. In addition, there were 21 and 8 proteins observed to have irregular trends with the 10 cGy irradiated group either having the highest or the lowest level among all three radiated doses. Moreover, two proteins, carboxypeptidase E and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 were sensitive to ionizing radiation, but relatively independent of radiation dose. Conversely, proteasome activator complex subunit 2 protein appeared to be sensitive to the dose of radiation, as rapid upregulation of this protein was observed when radiation doses were increased from 3, to 10 or 200 cGy. These results suggest that different mechanisms of action exist at the secretome level for low and high doses of ionizing radiation.
Discovering and Measuring Malicious URL Redirection Campaigns from Fake News Domains (2021)

Malicious URLs are used to distribute malware and launch social engineering attacks. They often hide behind redirection networks to evade detection. Due to the difficulty in discovering redirection traffic in real-time, previous approaches to understanding redirection networks were reactive and passive. We propose a proactive algorithm that is able to uncover redirection networks in real-time given a small set of seed domains. Our method works in three steps: (1) collecting redirection paths, (2) clustering domains that share common nodes along redirection paths, and (3) searching for other domains co-hosted on similar IP addresses. We evaluate our method using real websites that we discovered while auditing 2,300 popular fake news sites. We seeded our algorithm with a subset of 276 fake news domains that redirect, and uncovered three large-scale redirection campaigns. We further verified that 91% of entry point domains were not new, but recently expired, re-registered, and parked on dedicated hosts. To mitigate this threat vector, we deployed our system to automatically collect newly re-registered domains and publish new redirection networks. During a five-month period, our threat intelligence reports have received over 50,000 Google Search impressions, and have been recommended by commercial vendor tools. We also reported findings to Google and Amazon Web Services, both of which have acted promptly to remove malicious artifacts. Our work offers a viable approach to continuously discover evasive redirection traffic from re-registered domains.
The heparin-protamine interaction. A review. (1999)

The heparin-protamine interaction is a topic of intense scrutiny due to its mandatory use during cardiopulmonary bypass. It can be estimated that over 2,000,000 patients are exposed to the heparin-protamine interaction each year. From clinical and experimental observation it is known that protamine neutralization of heparin causes increased pulmonary artery pressures and decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, cardiac output, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance. These multiple cardiovascular effects are mediated via complement activation, histamine release, thromboxane and nitric oxide production, and antibody formation. This article reviews the current understanding of the heparin-protamine interaction from the world's literature.
Particle size tuning in silver-polyacrylonitrile nanocomposites (2010)

Silver-polyacrylonitrile (Ag-PAN) nanocomposites were in situ synthesized by simultaneous polymerization of acrylonitrile and reduction of silver ions, starting from mixtures of silver nitrate (AgNO3), acrylonitrile (AN), and UV photoinitiator (IN). The films obtained proved to be transparent and were characterized by a homogeneous dispersion of Ag nanoparticles within the PAN matrix without any macroscopic agglomeration. The particle size and number density were found to depend on both precursor salt and UV photoinitiator weight percentages. Optical and electrical properties were investigated as a function of both AgNO3 and IN amounts, too. We found that it is possible to finely tailor the metal nanoparticle size and number density and, consequently, the film optical and electrical response by adjusting the amounts of precursor salt and UV photoinitiator in the initial mixtures.
A Mathematical Analysis of Aerobic Glycolysis Triggered by Glucose Uptake in Cones (2019)

Patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa, an inherited retinal disease, experience a decline in vision due to photoreceptor degeneration leading to irreversible blindness. Rod-derived cone viability factor (RdCVF) is the most promising mutation-independent treatment today. To identify pathologic processes leading to secondary cone photoreceptor dysfunction triggering central vision loss of these patients, we model the stimulation by RdCVF of glucose uptake in cones and glucose metabolism by aerobic glycolysis. We develop a nonlinear system of enzymatic functions and differential equations to mathematically model molecular and cellular interactions in a cone. We use uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to identify processes that have the largest effect on the system and their timeframes. We consider the case of a healthy cone, a cone with low levels of glucose, and a cone with low and no RdCVF. The three key processes identified are metabolism of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, production of glycerol-3-phosphate and competition that rods exert on cone resources. The first two processes are proportional to the partition of the carbon flux between glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway or the Kennedy pathway, respectively. The last process is the rods' competition for glucose, which may explain why rods also provide the RdCVF signal to compensate.
Nad(p)h oxidase and MRP genetic polymorphisms associate with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (2004)

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Localization systems for wireless sensor networks (2007)

Monitoring applications define an important class of applications used in wireless sensor networks. In these applications the network perceives the environment and searches for event occurrences (phenomena) by sensing different physical properties, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, ambient light, movement, and presence (for target tracking). In such cases the location information of both phenomena and nodes is usually required for tracking and correlation purposes. In this work we summarize most of the concepts related to localization systems for WSNs as well as how to localize the nodes in these networks (which allows the localization of phenomena). By dividing the localization systems into three distinct components -distance/angle estimation, position computation, and localization algorithm - besides providing a didactic viewpoint, we show that these components can be seen as subareas of the localization problem that need to be analyzed and studied separately.
Analysis of In Situ NK Cell Responses During Viral Infection (2001)

NK cells are required for early control of murine CMV (MCMV) infection, but the distribution of murine NK cells in situ has not been clearly defined. We tested the reactivity of all available NK cell receptor-specific mAbs by immunohistochemistry. Only one mAb, 4D11 (anti-Ly-49G2), was reactive with C57BL/6 tissue sections. mAb 4D11-reactive cells expressed the nuclear morphology and flow cytometric profile of NK cells. In lymphoid organs, NK cells were distributed primarily in the splenic red pulp, between adjacent lobes in lymph node and randomly in the cortex and medulla of the thymus. No NK cells were detected in normal liver sections. Two days following MCMV infection, most splenic NK cells were associated with the lymphoid follicles and marginal zone. By day 3 following infection, the number of liver NK cells had increased significantly and the cells were detected within inflammatory foci. These changes were independent of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, as assessed in mice with targeted mutations. Concurrent immunostaining for NK cells and viral Ags revealed close association of NK cells and MCMV-infected cells in the spleen and liver. Similar results were obtained in CD1(-/-) and recombination activation gene-1(-/-) mice lacking NK T or T and B cells, respectively, indicating specificity of staining for NK cells. Thus, following MCMV infection, NK cells accumulate at sites of viral replication in an IL-12-, IFN-gamma-, and TNF-alpha-independent manner.
Variational optical flow computation in real time (2005)

This paper investigates the usefulness of bidirectional multigrid methods for variational optical flow computations. Although these numerical schemes are among the fastest methods for solving equation systems, they are rarely applied in the field of computer vision. We demonstrate how to employ those numerical methods for the treatment of variational optical flow formulations and show that the efficiency of this approach even allows for real-time performance on standard PCs. As a representative for variational optic flow methods, we consider the recently introduced combined local-global method. It can be considered as a noise-robust generalization of the Horn and Schunck technique. We present a decoupled, as well as a coupled, version of the classical Gauss-Seidel solver, and we develop several multgrid implementations based on a discretization coarse grid approximation. In contrast, with standard bidirectional multigrid algorithms, we take advantage of intergrid transfer operators that allow for nondyadic grid hierarchies. As a consequence, no restrictions concerning the image size or the number of traversed levels have to be imposed. In the experimental section, we juxtapose the developed multigrid schemes and demonstrate their superior performance when compared to unidirectional multgrid methods and nonhierachical solvers. For the well-known 316 x 252 Yosemite sequence, we succeeded in computing the complete set of dense flow fields in three quarters of a second on a 3.06-GHz Pentium4 PC. This corresponds to a frame rate of 18 flow fields per second which outperforms the widely-used Gauss-Seidel method by almost three orders of magnitude.
Strategies for transitioning to the age of digital media, Sarah E. Cheverton and Christina B. Updike, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Visual Resources Association, 2005 (Visual Resources Association special bulletin 14). 81 p.: ill, CD-ROM. ISSN 1050138X. $35.00 (2006)

Strategies for transitioning to the age of digital media, Sarah E. Cheverton and Christina B. Updike, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Visual Resources Association, 2005 (Visual Resources Association special bulletin 14). 81 p.: ill, CD-ROM. ISSN 1050138X. $35.00 - Volume 31 Issue 3
Impact of Extracranial–Intracranial Bypass on Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Symptomatic Moyamoya Vasculopathy (2011)

Cerebral revascularization surgery is a safe and effective treatment for reversing preoperative CVR defects and may prevent recurrence of preoperative symptoms. Moreover, CVR measurements may be useful in long-term follow-up and for predicting bypass patency.