gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shuffle Net: an application of generalized perfect shuffles to multihop lightwave networks (1991)

A multihop wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) approach, referred to as Shuffle Net, for achieving concurrency in distributed lightwave networks is proposed. A Shuffle Net can be configua19 red with each user having as few as one fixed-wavelength transmitter and one fixed-wavelength receiver, avoiding both wavelength-agility and pretransmission-coordination problems. The network can achieve at least 40% of the maximum efficiency possible with wavelength-agile transmitters and receivers. To transmit a packet from one user to another may require routing the packet through intermediate users, each repeating the packet on a new wavelength until the packet is finally transmitted on a wavelength that the destination user receives. For such a multihop lightwave network, the transmit and receive wavelengths must be assigned to users to provide both a path between all users and the efficient utilization of all wavelength channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
P‐213: Decomposable Precursors as Electron Injection Materials for High Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2008)

Abstract In this work, we found that electron injection into organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be improved by using thermally decomposable precursors as the electron injection layer. for example, OLEDs with LiBH 4 or LiCoO 2 as the electron injection layer showed similar or even better performance compared to the control device with LiF/Al. LiBH 4 was found to decompose in vacuum to form LiH. And LiCoO 2 was found to be a precursor for Li 2 O. We achieved not only improved efficiency but also much improved lifetime.
Planned Multilayer Assemblies by Adsorption (1983)

Abstract Adsorption at liquid solid interfaces is employed to construct organized multilayer structures on polar solid substrates. We have recently demonstrated that oriented compact monolayers of good quality can be obtained under suitable conditions either by physisorption or by chemisorption, using either pure compounds as adsorbates or mixtures of several components, and even using mixtures of both physisorbed and chemisorbed species.1 Monolayer formation by adsorption offers certain important advantages as compared with the Lanmuir-Blodgett method; adsorption is a spontaneous process leading to thermodynamically equilibrated film structures, there is no mechanical manipulation of the films, water is not indispensable for monolayer formation, monolayer composition and structure are usually dependent on the chemical nature and microscopic organization of the solid surface, covalent binding to the substrate and intralayer polymerization may take place simultaneously with the monolayer formation process, there are no restrictions regarding the macroscopic shape and size of the substrate. However, the adsorption method has been so far shown to be suitable only for formation of single mono-layers,1 which limited severely its usefulness in the construction of multilayer assemblies.
Control of the morphology of metal-ceramic microstructures by impurity addition in the model system Fe-Mn-O (1995)

Metal-ceramic multi-phase microstructures can be obtained by partial reduction of ternary or higher ceramic oxides. This subject was experimentally investigated in the model system Fe-Mn-O by reducing the oxygen partial pressure at constant temperature and total pressure. Electron microscopy studies were performed for microstructural characterization, phase identification and chemical analysis. The experimental observations are discussed based on solubility limits and the segregation of dopants. It is shown that the addition of dopants such as BaO, CaO, MgO, SrO, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3} or ZrO{sub 2} to the initial, polycrystalline oxide solid solution (Fe{sub 1{minus}x}Mn{sub x}){sub 1{minus}{Delta}} strongly influences the location of metal precipitation during reduction.
Perpendicular magnetic recording--Its basics and potential for the future (1984)

In this tutorial paper, perpendicular and longitudinal magnetic recording are compared in terms of their fundamental magnetization transition sharpness and magnetostatic energy per bit. The superiority of perpendicular recording to longitudinal recording at high densites is demonstrated. Perpendicular recording with ring-shaped heads is also discussed. Performance and structural features are compared for several different head configurations.
The role of spatial detail in sound-source localization: Impact on head-related transfer function modeling and personalization (2013)

Current techniques designed to personalize generic head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) have some capacity to quickly customize spatial auditory displays, but these techniques generally fall short of the level of realism and performance provided by fully individualized HRTF measurements. This residual performance deficit reflects inaccuracies due to vast amounts of spatial and spectral variation that occurs across the measured HRTFs of individual listeners. Some of this variation encodes perceptually-important directional information, but a substantial proportion does not. Kulkarni and Colburn (1998) showed that perceptually irrelevant spectral variation could be eliminated by smoothing the HRTF magnitude with a truncated Fourier-series expansion. The present study investigates a related method for smoothing the spatial variation contained in the HRTF by utilizing a truncated spherical harmonic expansion. The impact of spatial smoothing was evaluated by comparing localization performance with individualized HRTFs which were fully represented or had various degrees of spatial smoothing. Results indicate that a highly-smoothed fourth-order spherical harmonic representation can produce localization accuracy comparable to that of a full individualized HRTF. Analysis of the resulting simplified HRTF representations also uncovered a number of interesting relationships across different individuals which may provide new insights for the development of future HRTF personalization and estimation techniques.
Active tissue factor and activated factor XI in circulating blood of patients with systolic heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy (2010)

Circulating active TF and FXIa occurred in about 40% of patients with systolic HF due to ischemic cardiomyopathy. The presence of these factors was associated with enhanced thrombin formation. Associations between both factors and LA diameter and right ventricular parameters might suggest that TF and FXIa predispose to thromboembolic complications of HF.
Lost in Condensation: Poly-, Cyclo-, and Ultraphosphates (2021)

Much like linear, branched, and cyclic alkanes, condensed phosphates exist as linear, branched, and cyclic structures. Inasmuch as alkanes are the cornerstone of organic chemistry, generating an inexplorably large chemical space, a comparable richness in structures can be expected for condensed phosphates, as also for them the concepts of isomerism apply. Little of their chemical space has been charted, and only a few different synthesis methods are available to construct isomers of condensed phosphates. Here, we will discuss the application of phosphoramidites with one, two, or three P-N bonds that can be substituted selectively to access different condensed phosphates in a highly controllable manner. Work directed toward the further exploration of this chemical space will contribute to our understanding of the fundamental chemistry of phosphates.In biology, condensed phosphates play important roles in the form of inorganic representatives, such as pyrophosphate, polyphosphate, and cyclophosphate, and also in conjugation with organic molecules, such as esters and amidates. Phosphorus is one of the six biogenic elements; the omnipresence of phosphates in biology points toward their critical involvement in prebiotic chemistry and the emergence of life itself. Indeed, it is hard to imagine any life without phosphate. It is therefore desirable to achieve through synthesis a better understanding of the chemistry of the condensed phosphates to further explore their biology.There is a rich but underexplored chemistry of the family of condensed phosphates <i>per se</i>, which is further diversified by their conjugation to important biomolecules and metabolites. For example, proteins may be polyphosphorylated on lysins, a very recent addition to posttranslational modifications. Adenosine triphosphate, as a representative of the small molecules, on the other hand, is well known as the universal cellular energy currency. In this Account, we will describe our motivations and our approaches to construct, modify, and synthetically apply different representatives of the condensed phosphates. We also describe the generation of hybrids composed of cyclic and linear structures of different oxidation states and develop them into reagents of great utility. A pertinent example is provided in the step-economic synthesis of the magic spot nucleotides (p)ppGpp. Finally, we provide an overview of <sup>31</sup>P NMR data collected over the years in our laboratories, helping as a waymarker for not getting lost in condensation.
Energy Conscious Scheduling for Distributed Computing Systems under Different Operating Conditions (2011)

Traditionally, the primary performance goal of computer systems has focused on reducing the execution time of applications while increasing throughput. This performance goal has been mostly achieved by the development of high-density computer systems. As witnessed recently, these systems provide very powerful processing capability and capacity. They often consist of tens or hundreds of thousands of processors and other resource-hungry devices. The energy consumption of these systems has become a major concern. In this paper, we address the problem of scheduling precedence-constrained parallel applications on multiprocessor computer systems and present two energy-conscious scheduling algorithms using dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). A number of recent commodity processors are capable of DVS, which enables processors to operate at different voltage supply levels at the expense of sacrificing clock frequencies. In the context of scheduling, this multiple voltage facility implies that there is a trade-off between the quality of schedules and energy consumption. To effectively balance these two performance goals, we have devised a novel objective function and a variant from that. The main difference between the two algorithms is in their measurement of energy consumption. The extensive comparative evaluations conducted as part of this work show that the performance of our algorithms is very compelling in terms of both application completion time and energy consumption.
Preserving the Location Privacy of Secondary Users in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (2016)

Cooperative spectrum sensing, despite its effectiveness in enabling dynamic spectrum access, suffers from location privacy threats, merely because secondary users (SUs)' sensing reports that need to be shared with a fusion center to make spectrum availability decisions are highly correlated to the users' locations. It is therefore important that cooperative spectrum sensing schemes be empowered with privacy preserving capabilities so as to provide SUs with incentives for participating in the sensing task. In this paper, we propose privacy preserving protocols that make use of various cryptographic mechanisms to preserve the location privacy of SUs while performing reliable and efficient spectrum sensing. We also present cost-performance tradeoffs. The first consists on using an additional architectural entity at the benefit of incurring lower computation overhead by relying only on symmetric cryptography. The second consists on using an additional secure comparison protocol at the benefit of incurring lesser architectural cost by not requiring extra entities. Our schemes can also adapt to the case of a malicious fusion center as we discuss in this paper. We also show that not only are our proposed schemes secure and more efficient than existing alternatives, but also achieve fault tolerance and are robust against sporadic network topological changes.
A practical reconstruction method for dual energy computed tomography (2008)

Quantitative imaging based on dual energy computed tomography (DECT) is useful in both medical and industrial areas. However, the dependence of the attenuation coefficient on X-ray energy and the polychromatic property of X-ray beams bring obstacles for dual energy image reconstruction. In this paper, attenuation coefficient function μ(E) is approximated with the basis material model. And X-ray spectra which govern the projection functions are estimated from transmission measurements. With these two foundations, we obtain a practical reconstruction method for DECT. The distribution of effective atomic number, electron density, and linear attenuation coefficient at any desirable energy can be reconstructed using the proposed method. Numerical simulations and practical experiments were conducted to evaluate the accuracy and practicability of the method.
A novel <scp>d</scp>‐leucine‐containing <i>Conus</i> peptide: diverse conformational dynamics in the contryphan family (1999)

A Conus peptide family (the contryphans) is noteworthy because of the presence of a post-translationally modified D-amino acid in all members of the family. A new contryphan peptide, Leu-contryphan-P, was isolated from the venom of Conus purpurascens; the sequence of this peptide is: Gly-Cys-Val-D-Leu-Leu-Pro-Trp-Cys-OH. This is the first known occurrence of D-leucine in a Conus peptide. The discovery of Leu-contryphan-P suggests that there may be branches of the contryphan peptide family that diverge much more in sequence than previously anticipated. Several natural contryphans provide dramatic examples of interconversion between multiple conformational states in small constrained peptides. The contryphans that have 4-trans-hydroxyproline and D-tryptophan in positions 3 and 4, respectively, exhibit two peaks under reverse-phase HPLC conditions, indicating interconversion between two discrete conformations. However, [L-Trp4]contryphan-Sm (with L-Trp substituted for D-Trp) exhibits a single, broad peak that elutes later than the natural peptide, suggesting that D-Trp stabilizes a conformation in which hydrophobic residues are buried. Leucontryphan-P which has valine and D-leucine instead of 4-trans-hydroxyproline and D-tryptophan shows only a single peak that elutes much later than the other contryphans.
Design and implementation of three-phase AC impedance measurement unit (IMU) with series and shunt injection (2013)

Electric power systems based on power electronics technology are prone to instability due to the constant power nature of power electronics converters. The impedances defined in synchronous coordinates are useful tools to predict and evaluate three-phase small-signal system stability. This paper presents the design and implementation of an impedance measurement unit used in three-phase systems up to 100kW. It extracts the system impedance online at any specific operating point. The unit utilizes both series and shunt injection modes to perform impedance identification for any load and source conditions, even if the source is very stiff. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed unit with both linear and nonlinear loads.
Skin Friction Measurements by a Dual-Laser-Beam Interferometer Technique (1981)

A portable dual-laser-beam interferometer that nonintrusively measures skin friction by monitoring the thickness change of an oil film subject to shear stress is described. The method is an advance over past versions in that the troublesome and error-introducing need to measure the distance to the oil leading edge and the starting time for the oil flow has been eliminated. The validity of the method was verified by measuring oil viscosity in the laboratory, and then using those results to measure skin friction beneath the turbulent boundary layer in a low speed wind tunnel. The dual-laser-beam skin friction measurements are compared with Preston tube measurements, with mean velocity profile data in a law-of-the-well coordinate system, and with computations based on turbulent boundary-layer theory. Excellent agreement is found in all cases. (This validation and the aforementioned improvements appear to make the present form of the instrument usable to measure skin friction reliably and nonintrusively in a wide range of flow situations in which previous methods are not practical.)
Solid-state synthesis of highly conducting polyphenylene from crystalline oligomers (1980)

Paraphenylene oligomers (biphenyl, p-terphenyl, p-quaterphenyl, p-quinquephenyl, p-sexiphenyl) form electrically conducting complexes with AsF5. Prolonged exposure to AsF5 causes a polymerization of these p-phenylene oligomers to give highly conducting charge-transfer complexes of poly(p-phenylene). Conductivities as high as 50 S/cm have been measured. Powders, thin films, and single crystals of p-phenylene oligomers have been reacted with AsF5. The undoped oligomers and the doped, compensated, and annealed products have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, and UV-visible and IR transmission spectroscopy. The x-ray diffraction studies give evidence for a change in lattice spacings to those characteristic of the crystalline polymer. The spectroscopic measurements during AsF5 doping reveal shifts in absorption bands in the UV and the IR to those characteristic of poly(p-phenylene). Paraoligophenylenes have also been reacted with elemental potassium in THF solution with trace amounts of naphthalene. Highly conducting complexes were formed (0.5 S/cm for sexiphenyl) but there is no evidence for further polymerization.
Plasmon‐Mediated Synthesis of Silver Triangular Bipyramids (2009)

Wunschfarben: Monodisperse rechtwinklig-dreieckige Silber-Bipyramiden (siehe SEM-Bild) wurden durch photoinduzierte Synthese in hohen Ausbeuten erhalten. Die Kantenlänge der Bipyramiden lässt sich einfach über die Wellenlänge des Anregungslichts steuern (siehe Diagramm).
Energy Conversion of Carbon Dioxide by Microwave Heating with a Bio-Activated Carbon Receptor (2019)

In order to address the energy storage and greenhouse gas problem, experiments were carried out on a laboratory scale to understand the characteristics of microwave‐heating CO₂ gasification using a carbon receptor and the possibility of conversion to chemical energy. For this purpose, the conversion of CO₂ and the characteristics of the generated gas were investigated using coconut shell activated carbon. In the case of microwave‐heating conversion using a carbon receptor, carbon dioxide could be converted to carbon monoxide fuel by gasification reforming using fixed carbon in the carbon receptor. In this study, the effects of gasification temperature, gas residence time, and process gas temperature on carbon dioxide gasification were investigated and the optimal conditions established for each factor.
Increasing the Band Gap of Iron Pyrite by Alloying with Oxygen (2012)

Systematic density functional theory studies and model analyses have been used to show that the band gap of iron pyrite (FeS(2)) can be increased from ~1.0 to 1.2-1.3 eV by replacing ~10% of the sulfur atoms with oxygen atoms (i.e., ~10% O(S) impurities). O(S) formation is exothermic, and the oxygen atoms tend to avoid O-O dimerization, which favors the structural stability of homogeneous FeS(2-x)O(x) alloys and frustrates phase separation into FeS(2) and iron oxides. With an ideal band gap, absence of O(S)-induced gap states, high optical absorptivity, and low electron effective mass, FeS(2-x)O(x) alloys are promising for the development of pyrite-based heterojunction solar cells that feature large photovoltages and high device efficiencies.
Development of advanced resistance spot welding process using control of electrode force and welding current during welding (2012)

In resistance spot welding of thin sheet–thick sheet–thick sheet joint, when the sheet thickness ratio is large (sheet thickness ratio = total thickness of sheet joint/thickness of the thin sheet positioned on the outside of the joint), how to stably secure the nugget between the thin sheet and the adjoining thick sheet is a key issue. If the sheet thickness ratio is so large, nugget formation between the thin sheet and thick sheet is extremely difficult. In order to control of the nugget (position of formation, shape, etc. of the nugget) during welding for three sheets joint with a high sheet thickness ratio, optimum welding process was investigated. The developed ‘two-step force, two-step current’ welding process was suitable for high sheet thickness ratio joint and relaxed the constraints on the sheet thickness ratio. In Step 1 (first part of welding period) of the welding process, a nugget is reliably formed between the thin sheet and thick sheet by applying conditions of low electrode force, short welding time, and high current. In the subsequent Step 2 (second part of welding period), a nugget is formed between the two thick sheets by applying high welding force and a long welding time. In the weld results of a three sheet joint (0.7+2.3+2.3 mm; sheet thickness ratio: 7.6) using mild steel GA (0.7 mm) as the thin sheet and 780 MPa high strength GA (2.3 mm) in the two thick sheets, ‘two-step force, two-step current’ spot welding process showed the wide available welding current range.
Two-dimensional indexing polynomial-based pre-distorter for power amplifiers with memory effects (2008)

An improved segmented polynomial-based pre-distortion method and a novel memory polynomial-based pre-distortion method with two-dimensional indexing are proposed in digital baseband power amplifier pre-distortion systems. Through computer simulations and corresponding analysis, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed methods are verified with three different polynomial formats in the evaluation of relative mean square error, the convergence speed, the random access memory storage units and the power spectral density.
A New Method for Identification and Analysis of Persistent Scatterers in Series of SAR Images (2008)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry is a powerful technology for measuring slow terrain movements. The extraction of this information is a complex task, because the phase of the signal is measured only modulo 2pi and is affected by noise and systematic terms. The persistent scatterer (PS) approach brought important advances in the solution of this problem. In this work, we present a new method, named persistent scatterer pairs (PSP) method, for the identification and the analysis of PS in series of full resolution SAR images. The problems coming from orbital and atmosphere phase artifacts are effectively overcome by exploiting their spatial correlation, without using model based interpolations or fits, which can be advantageous when the atmospheric artifacts or the displacement to be retrieved are not very well described by the models used in the standard PS approach. Moreover, the proposed method does not need a preprocessing to calibrate the data and is insensitive to the density of PS candidates, it is able to identify PS in natural terrains and PS characterized by non linear movements, is computationally efficient and highly parallelizable. The results obtained on real ERS SAR data confirm the validity of the proposed approach.