gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Publishing to the App Store (2011)

So you've plowed through this book, and you've built an awesome application, and you're ready now to get it into Apple's App Store — the crowning achievement of iOS app developers. Well, let's cover a few things out of the way first, so that your submission to the App Store is as smooth as can be.KeywordsSticking PointExplicit ContentSelect ContractPublic APIsCrash ReportThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Plasma phosphoglycerate mutase muscle (M) isoenzyme is strikingly raised in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (1986)

Conference Article| December 01 1986 Plasma phosphoglycerate mutase muscle (M) isoenzyme is strikingly raised in Duchenne muscular dystrophy S. YATES; S. YATES *Department of Child Health, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. JEFFERY; S. JEFFERY *Department of Child Health, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. BARNARD; P. BARNARD †M.R.C. Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Cambridge CB2 2QH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. BARNARD; E. BARNARD †M.R.C. Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Cambridge CB2 2QH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N. CARTER N. CARTER *Department of Child Health, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1986) 14 (6): 1165–1166. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0141165 Article history Received: June 12 1986 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation S. YATES, S. JEFFERY, P. BARNARD, E. BARNARD, N. CARTER; Plasma phosphoglycerate mutase muscle (M) isoenzyme is strikingly raised in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1986; 14 (6): 1165–1166. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0141165 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PGAM, phosphoglycerate mutase, M, B and MB, muscle, brain and intermediate isoenzymes of PGAM, DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Controlling cavitation for controlled release (2009)

We present a novel, long-lived ultrasound contrast vehicle with triggered drug release capability. The vehicle comprises shell-stabilized microbubbles encapsulated within the aqueous core of a vesicle-like microcapsule. Encapsulating microbubbles enhances their longevity as ultrasound contrast agents by shielding the microbubbles from dissolution in a bulk aqueous phase. Moreover, co-encapsulation of microbubbles with a drug offers a simple mechanism for controlled drug release; ultrasound-induced cavitation of the microbubbles within microcapsules causes leakage of the inner contents from the microcapsules into the surrounding medium. By controlling the extent of microbubble cavitation one can control when - and at what rate - the microcapsule releases drug. Here we describe construction of the vehicle, how one can tune the microbubble cavitation threshold via changes in microbubble shell elasticity, and how ultrasound-induced leakage varies with microcapsule shell type and composition. We show results for different microcapsule shell materials, including self-assembled bilayers of phospholipids (liposomes) and di-block copolymers (polymersomes) and a non-self-assembled, macromolecular polymer, using the fluorescent dye calcein as a drug mimic.
Cross-Layer Based Opportunistic MAC Protocols for QoS Provisionings Over Cognitive Radio Wireless Networks (2008)

We propose the cross-layer based opportunistic multi-channel medium access control (MAC) protocols, which integrate the spectrum sensing at physical (PHY) layer with the packet scheduling at MAC layer, for the wireless ad hoc networks. Specifically, the MAC protocols enable the secondary users to identify and utilize the leftover frequency spectrum in a way that constrains the level of interference to the primary users. In our proposed protocols, each secondary user is equipped with two transceivers. One transceiver is tuned to the dedicated control channel, while the other is designed specifically as a cognitive radio that can periodically sense and dynamically use the identified un-used channels. To obtain the channel state accurately, we propose two collaborative channel spectrum-sensing policies, namely, the random sensing policy and the negotiation-based sensing policy, to help the MAC protocols detect the availability of leftover channels. Under the random sensing policy, each secondary user just randomly selects one of the channels for sensing. On the other hand, under the negotiation-based sensing policy, different secondary users attempt to select the distinct channels to sense by overhearing the control packets over the control channel. We develop the Markov chain model and the M/G <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</sup> /1-based queueing model to characterize the performance of our proposed multi-channel MAC protocols under the two types of channel-sensing policies for the saturation network and the non-saturation network scenarios, respectively. In the non-saturation network case, we quantitatively identify the tradeoff between the aggregate traffic throughput and the packet transmission delay, which can provide the insightful guidelines to improve the delay-QoS provisionings over cognitive radio wireless networks.
EV-planning: Electric vehicle itinerary planning (2013)

In the latest few years, lot of efforts have been done to pave the way to sustainable mobility, in order to solve pollution problems and fuel shortage. The use of electric vehicles (EV) is considered as one of the best ecologic and economic solution. However, autonomy barriers and limitations slow the progress and the deployment of this technology. In this paper, we propose an advanced electric vehicles' fleet management architecture. This architecture considers the most important factors that can affect the traveling mode of electric vehicles, in order to offer different services to fleet management companies for an efficient monitoring and management of their fleets. One of the most important service, considered in this paper, consists on providing economic itineraries planning for electric vehicles. Best routes, in term of electric power consumption, are computed based on the collected information about road topology (elevation variations, source, destination, etc.), weather conditions, vehicle characteristics, driver profile, traffic conditions and electric charging stations positions. In case of battery drop, new routes passing through the nearest available charging stations are recalculated and provided to the driver. To prove the concept, we implemented a lightweight traffic management server that provides this itinerary planning service to an EV fleet company. The server provides a web application to book an EV and plan the trip. All possible itineraries are displayed on a map with electric power consumption, traveled distance and duration details. Then, the server uploads the chosen itinerary into the vehicle's GPS or into the driver's smartphone.
Making heads or tails of phospholipids in mitochondria (2011)

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles whose functional integrity requires a coordinated supply of proteins and phospholipids. Defined functions of specific phospholipids, like the mitochondrial signature lipid cardiolipin, are emerging in diverse processes, ranging from protein biogenesis and energy production to membrane fusion and apoptosis. The accumulation of phospholipids within mitochondria depends on interorganellar lipid transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria as well as intramitochondrial lipid trafficking. The discovery of proteins that regulate mitochondrial membrane lipid composition and of a multiprotein complex tethering ER to mitochondrial membranes has unveiled novel mechanisms of mitochondrial membrane biogenesis.
Neutral gas heating and ion transport in a constricted plasma flow (2017)

Ion-neutral charge exchange collisions are demonstrated to be the dominant heating mechanism in a weakly ionised ∼1 Torr Ar capacitively coupled radiofrequency plasma flowing through a cylinder. In this rarefied regime, thermal conduction is ineffective. The neutral gas temperature is significantly higher in the plasma bulk than in the plasma sheath due to different plasma parameters and ion transport behaviours in these regions. This study is achieved in a computational fluid dynamics and plasma simulation, and is applicable to similar plasmas at different pressures and physical scales.
Stretchable electrodes for neuroprosthetic interfaces (2012)

We have developed a stretchable gold microelectrode array (MEA) that can withstand the torsion requirements needed for implantable neuroprosthetic interface applications. The array is composed of thin gold (sub-100 nm thick) electrodes on a soft, 120 μm thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone substrate with a patterned encapsulation layer. The impedance of individual electrodes was measured as a function of extreme torsion applied to the device, and was found to be relatively stable in the 15-75 kΩ range (f = 1kHz), and remained stable after 1000 torsion cycles.
The human glucocerebrosidase gene has two functional ATG initiator codons. (1987)

Gaucher disease is due to a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal enzyme that presumably requires a signal peptide for transport across the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and glycosylation for transport into lysosomes. Human glucocerebrosidase cDNA contains two potential ATG start codons in its long open reading frame. The signal peptides that are initiated from each ATG are quite different in their hydrophobicity. We demonstrate that either ATG can function independently to produce active glucocerebrosidase enzyme in cultured fibroblasts. The glucocerebrosidase activity produced from translation products initiated at either ATG is found predominantly in the lysosomes.
Simple gene silencing using the trans‐acting si<scp>RNA</scp> pathway (2015)

In plants, particular micro-RNAs (miRNAs) induce the production of a class of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) called trans-acting siRNA (ta-siRNA) that lead to gene silencing. A single miRNA target is sufficient for the production of ta-siRNAs, which target can be incorporated into a vector to induce the production of siRNAs, and ultimately gene silencing. The term miRNA-induced gene silencing (MIGS) has been used to describe such vector systems in Arabidopsis. Several ta-siRNA loci have been identified in soybean, but, prior to this work, few of the inducing miRNAs have been experimentally validated, much less used to silence genes. Nine ta-siRNA loci and their respective miRNA targets were identified, and the abundance of the inducing miRNAs varies dramatically in different tissues. The miRNA targets were experimentally verified by silencing a transgenic GFP gene and two endogenous genes in hairy roots and transgenic plants. Small RNAs were produced in patterns consistent with the utilization of the ta-siRNA pathway. A side-by-side experiment demonstrated that MIGS is as effective at inducing gene silencing as traditional hairpin vectors in soybean hairy roots. Soybean plants transformed with MIGS vectors produced siRNAs and silencing was observed in the T1 generation. These results complement previous reports in Arabidopsis by demonstrating that MIGS is an efficient way to produce siRNAs and induce gene silencing in other species, as shown with soybean. The miRNA targets identified here are simple to incorporate into silencing vectors and offer an effective and efficient alternative to other gene silencing strategies.
Micromachining on and of Transparent Polymers for Patterning Electrodes and Growing Electrically Active Cells for Biosensor Applications (2017)

We report on microfabrication and assembly process development on transparent, biocompatible polymers for patterning electrodes and growing electrically active cells for <i>in vitro</i> cell-based biosensor applications. Such biosensors are typically fabricated on silicon or glass wafers with traditional microelectronic processes that can be cost-prohibitive without imparting necessary biological traits on the devices, such as transparency and compatibility for the measurement of electrical activity of electrogenic cells and other biological functions. We have developed and optimized several methods that utilize traditional micromachining and non-traditional approaches such as printed circuit board (PCB) processing for fabrication of electrodes and growing cells on the transparent polymers polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PEN-based biosensors are fabricated utilizing lithography, metal lift-off, electroplating, wire bonding, inkjet printing, conformal polymer deposition and laser micromachining, while PET-based biosensors are fabricated utilizing post-processing technologies on modified PCBs. The PEN-based biosensors demonstrate 85⁻100% yield of microelectrodes, and 1-kHz impedance of 59.6 kOhms in a manner comparable to other traditional approaches, with excellent biofunctionality established with an ATP assay. Additional process characterization of the microelectrodes depicts expected metal integrity and trace widths and thicknesses. PET-based biosensors are optimized for a membrane bow of 6.9 to 15.75 µm and 92% electrode yield on a large area. Additional qualitative optical assay for biomaterial recognition with transmitted light microscopy and growth of rat cortical cells for 7 days <i>in vitro</i> (DIV) targeted at biological functionalities such as electrophysiology measurements are demonstrated in this paper.
Colesevelam: Potential Uses for the Newest Bile Resin (2005)

Colesevelam is the newest bile resin with a unique chemical structure. It binds to bile acids with higher affinity than traditional bile acid sequestrants and has fewer gastrointestinal side effects and drug interactions. Colesevelam is safe and efficacious alone or in combination with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Despite this, the role of colesevelam in the treatment of hyperlipidemia remains limited, particularly in the face of new lipid lowering agents. As guidelines for cholesterol control become more stringent, the need to maximize therapeutic benefit through combination therapy will become increasingly more important. Colesevelam has a dose-sparing effect on statin therapy, potentially decreasing the risk of unwanted side effects or drug-drug interactions associated with statin use. This makes colesevelam a viable option for addition to a statin regimen when goal LDL-C levels cannot be achieved with a statin alone. Additionally, anecdotal reports indicate that colesevelam may have potential benefits in certain patient populations that cannot tolerate other lipid lowering therapies, including organ transplant recipients, cholestatic liver disesase, and end-stage renal disease. By recognizing the potential utility of colesevelam, clinicians can better manage those patients who are not able to tolerate first-line therapies.
Protein detection through different platforms of immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (2013)

Different immunoassay-based methods have been devised to detect protein targets. These methods have some challenges that make them inefficient for assaying ultra-low-amounted proteins. ELISA, iPCR, iRCA, and iNASBA are the common immunoassay-based methods of protein detection, each of which has specific and common technical challenges making it necessary to introduce a novel method in order to avoid their problems for detection of target proteins. Here we propose a new method nominated as 'immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification' or 'iLAMP'. This new method is free from the problems of the previous methods and has significant advantages over them. In this paper we also offer various configurations in order to improve the applicability of this method in real-world sample analyses. Important potential applications of this method are stated as well.
A method for detecting whistles, moans, and other frequency contour sounds (2011)

An algorithm is presented for the detection of frequency contour sounds-whistles of dolphins and many other odontocetes, moans of baleen whales, chirps of birds, and numerous other animal and non-animal sounds. The algorithm works by tracking spectral peaks over time, grouping together peaks in successive time slices in a spectrogram if the peaks are sufficiently near in frequency and form a smooth contour over time. The algorithm has nine parameters, including the ones needed for spectrogram calculation and normalization. Finding optimal values for all of these parameters simultaneously requires a search of parameter space, and a grid search technique is described. The frequency contour detection method and parameter optimization technique are applied to the problem of detecting "boing" sounds of minke whales from near Hawaii. The test data set contained many humpback whale sounds in the frequency range of interest. Detection performance is quantified, and the method is found to work well at detecting boings, with a false-detection rate of 3% for the target missed-call rate of 25%. It has also worked well anecdotally for other marine and some terrestrial species, and could be applied to any species that produces a frequency contour, or to non-animal sounds as well.
Software Update of a Decentralized, Intelligent Battery Management System Based on Multi-Microcomputers (2020)

In order to increase reliability, scalability and fail safety of battery management systems (BMSs), a decentralized BMS consisting of peer nodes is proposed. To ensure complete autonomy each node is equipped with its own microcontroller. Each manages the charge and discharge processes and enables communication with other nodes in the system. The proposed system is a multi-microcomputer system. Changing requirements, software development and bug fixes require the ability to update system software of microcontrollers. In this paper, a specific boot concept is proposed to increase the testability of the system. First, the requirements for the software update process are analyzed. Subsequently, a boot concept using Controller Area Network (CAN) is introduced and its advantages and limitations are shown. Finally, the boot concept is evaluated and possible alternative boot concepts with optical data transmission via a polymer optical fiber (POF) or with dual CAN design are proposed.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE MALE SEX PHEROMONE OF THE GRAPE BORER <i>XYLOTRECHUS PYRRHODERUS</i> BATES (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCI DAE) (1984)

Abstract The sex pheromone of grape borer, Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus Bates, was isolated from body extracts and container washings of male insects, and was determined to be a mixture of (2S,3S)-octanediol (1) and (2S)-hydroxy-3-octanone (2). Each compound showed special response in electroantennogram experiments. The females were attracted by 80:20 to 95:5 mixtures of 1 and 2. This is the first time that the male sex pheromone from Cerambycidae species has been isolated and determined.
Development of Chlorine Dioxide Releasing Film and Its Application in Decontaminating Fresh Produce (2013)

A feasibility study was conducted to develop chlorine dioxide (ClO(2) )-releasing packaging films for decontaminating fresh produce. Sodium chlorite and citric acid powder were incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. Films made with different amounts of PLA (100 and 300 mg), percentages of reactant (5% to 60%), and ratios of sodium chlorite to citric acid (1:2 or 2:1) were prepared using a solvent casting method. The release of ClO(2) from the resultant films was activated by moisture. Increase of reactants in the films produced more ClO(2) while higher PLA content in the films resulted in less release of ClO(2) . The ratio of sodium chlorite to citric acid and activation temperature (22 °C compared with 10 °C) did not affect the ClO(2) release from the films. Antimicrobial efficacy of ClO(2) released from the films was evaluated using grape tomato as a model food. The results indicate that the films were activated by moisture from tomatoes in the package and the released ClO(2) reduced Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on the tomatoes to undetectable levels (<5 colony forming units (CFU)/tomato), achieving more than 3 log reduction. The film-treated tomatoes did not show significant changes in color and texture as compared to controls during storage at 10 °C for 21 d. This study demonstrated the technical feasibility for development of gaseous ClO(2) -releasing packaging system to enhance microbial safety and extend shelf life of fresh produce.
Development and Significance of Cysteamine and Propionitrile Models of Duodenal Ulcer (1987)

Cysteamine is widely used in rodents to induce duodenal ulcer. Herein, the pathogenesis of duodenal ulceration in its earliest stages was reviewed using findings from cysteamine-and propionitrile-induced duodenal ulcer in rodent models, especially taking into account changes in the secretion of gastric acid, duodenal and pancreatic bicarbonate as well asgastroduodenal motility. The effect of cysteamine-HCl in inducing ulcers in rats is circadian rhythm-dependent. The effect is greatest from just before the end of diurnal rest to just after the start of nocturnal activity. The chronobiologic effect may be in part due to the circadian rhythm-dependent increased gastric acid production from cysteamine. Titratable acidity was found to be twice as great in the gastric juice of rodents when cysteamine was given by injection at 2000 (just after the start of nocturnal activity) in comparison to when given at 0800 or 1200 (at the beginning or middle span of daily rest). Further studies have shown that adrenalectomy of rats 7 days before cysteamine administration obliterated the observed circadian susceptibility to ulcer formation. Duodenal ulceration, at least in the cysteamine model, appears to be under chronobiologic neuroendocrine control or influence, seemingly mediated by the adrenal glands.