gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple transition model and enhanced boundary scan architecture to test interconnects for signal integrity (2004)

As the technology is shrinking toward 50 nm and the working frequency is going into multi gigahertz range, the effect of interconnects on functionality and performance of system-on-chips is becoming dominant. More specifically, distortion (integrity loss) of signals traveling on high-speed interconnects can no longer be ignored. Here, we propose a new fault model, called multiple transition, and its corresponding test pattern generation mechanism. We also extend the conventional boundary scan architecture to allow testing signal integrity in SoC interconnects. Our extended JTAG architecture collects and outputs the integrity loss information using the enhanced observation cells. The architecture fully complies with the JTAG standard and can be adopted by any SoC that is IEEE 1149.1 compliant.
Template‐Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Single‐Crystalline Barium Titanate and Strontium Titanate Nanowires (2005)

Single-crystalline nanowires of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method from all-inorganic, low-cost raw materials, without a structure-directing template. The nanowires have a phase-pure, cubic perovskite structure, with diameters in the range of 50–200 nm and lengths of a few to tens of micrometers. The growth mechanism is also investigated. As we use a simple procedure under mild conditions, scaling the process up for large-scale production should be very easy.
De Oplossing van de Schuldencrisis. De markt en een constitutie (2011)

en alle andere gezinsleden, er ook naar?Met name als het eerste enthousiasme is gedoofd.Het probleem van het intoom houden van de staatsfinancin is nog moeilijker.Bij de gezinsfinancin betreft het eigen geld en uitgaven.Het uitgeven daarvan gebeurt in de regel zorgvuldig.Je probeert zoveel mogelijk waar voor je geld te krijgen.
Low-voltage high performance compact all cascode CMOS current mirror (2005)

A high performance and compact current mirror with extremely low input and high output resistances (Rin∼0.01Ω, Rout∼10 GΩ), high copying accuracy, very low input and output voltage requirements (Vin, Vout≥VDSsat), high bandwidth (200 MHz using a 0.5 µm CMOS technology) and low settling time (25 ns) is proposed. Simulations and experimental results are shown that validate the circuit.
Nanofibers as Carrier Systems for Antimicrobial Microemulsions. Part I: Fabrication and Characterization (2008)

Antimicrobial nanofibers were prepared by solubilizing an antimicrobial essential oil (eugenol; 0.75-1.5 wt %) in surfactant micelles (Surfynol 465; 5-10 wt %) to form eugenol-containing microemulsions. Microemulsions were mixed with a nonionic synthetic polymer (poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA; M(w) = 130 kDa, degree of hydrolysis approximately 87%) and solutions subjected to electrospinning to induce nanofiber formation. Solution properties, fiber morphology, and composition of nanofibers were determined. The surface conductivity and viscosity of the polymer solutions increased, while surface tension decreased as both surfactant and eugenol concentration increased. Material deposited on the collector plate consisted primarily of nanofibers with a circular cross section with some surface roughness, although some bead defects were observed. The mean fiber diameters ranged from 57 to 126 nm with fibers having a broad diameter distribution (10-280 nm). The mean diameter of the nanofibers decreased with increasing surfactant concentration and decreasing eugenol concentration. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that microemulsion droplets were homogenously dispersed throughout the nanofibers. Results suggest that electrospun nanofibers may serve as carrier vehicles for microemulsions containing solubilized lipophilic functional compounds such as bioactives, antimicrobials, antioxidants, flavors, and pharmaceuticals.
Calcium-stimulated Autophosphorylation Site of Plant Chimeric Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase (2001)

The existence of two molecular switches regulating plant chimeric Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK), namely the C-terminal visinin-like domain acting as Ca(2+)-sensitive molecular switch and calmodulin binding domain acting as Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation-sensitive molecular switch, has been described (Sathyanarayanan, P. V., Cremo, C. R., and Poovaiah, B. W. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 30417-30422). Here we report the identification of Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation site of CCaMK by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry. Thr(267) was confirmed as the Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation site by post-source decay experiments and by site-directed mutagenesis. The purified T267A mutant form of CCaMK did not show Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation, autophosphorylation-dependent variable calmodulin affinity, or Ca(2+)/calmodulin stimulation of kinase activity. Sequence comparison of CCaMK from monocotyledonous plant (lily) and dicotyledonous plant (tobacco) suggests that the autophosphorylation site is conserved. This is the first identification of a phosphorylation site specifically responding to activation by second messenger system (Ca(2+) messenger system) in plants. Homology modeling of the kinase and calmodulin binding domain of CCaMK with the crystal structure of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 suggests that the Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation site is located on the surface of the kinase and far from the catalytic site. Analysis of Ca(2+)-stimulated autophosphorylation with increasing concentration of CCaMK indicates the possibility that the Ca(2+)-stimulated phosphorylation occurs by an intermolecular mechanism.
The Role of Extrahepatic Autoimmunity in Autoimmune Liver Disease (2020)

This chapter presents the knowledge on the role of extrahepatic autoimmunity in autoimmune liver disease, even though systematic studies on large cohorts of patients are often lacking and some experience is based only on case series reports. Awareness and early investigation of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases (EHAIDs) in patients with autoimmune liver disease is important. Targeted testing should be considered according to the liver disease; it may be difficult to differentiate between those EHAIDs that can impact the liver and drug-induced liver injury from primary autoimmune liver disease. In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), ulcerative colitis is a dominating EHAID. The strong co-occurrence of PSC with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as several other unique features of PSC-related IBD, led to the idea that it may be a distinct entity from IBD, unrelated to PSC in terms of pathogenesis, phenotype and prognosis.
Reverse pH-Dependence of Chromophore Protonation Explains the Large Stokes Shift of the Red Fluorescent Protein mKeima (2009)

The recently developed red fluorescent protein Keima exhibits the largest Stokes shift (180 nm) observed to date. Combining X-ray crystallography with (in crystallo) UV-visible absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy, we have investigated molecular determinants of this peculiar property. The results demonstrate a pH-dependent "reverse chromophore protonation" triggered by the key residue Asp157 and which couples to cis/trans isomerization of the chromophore. These data provided guidelines to rationally design a useful Keima variant.
Design and analysis of IPM machine with bar wound fractional slot distributed winding for automotive traction application (2013)

The study of the fractional slot distributed winding (FSDW) IPM machine for automotive traction application is presented in this paper. First, the possibility of utilizing the bar wound winding for FSDW machine is investigated. It is found that machine which common factor fraction of SPP is 1/2, are feasible to utilize the bar wound winding. Based on the finding, two FSDW machines are designed and analyzed using FEA. The results are compared against the integral slot distributed winding (ISDW) machine in terms of electromagnetic and noise and vibration performance. The results are validated experimentally by the base ISDW machine.
A Novel Heparin-dependent Inhibitor of Activated Protein C That Potentiates Consumptive Coagulopathy in Russell's Viper Envenomation (2012)

The activation of coagulation factors V and X by Russell's viper venom (RVV) has been implicated in the development of consumptive coagulopathies in severely envenomed patients. However, factor Va is prone to inactivation by activated protein C (APC), an important serine protease that negatively regulates blood coagulation. It is therefore hypothesized that APC may be down-regulated by some of the venom components. In this study, we managed to isolate a potent Kunitz-type APC inhibitor, named DrKIn-I. Using chromogenic substrate, DrKIn-I dose-dependently inhibited the activity of APC. Heparin potentiated the inhibition and reduced the IC(50) of DrKIn-I by 25-fold. DrKIn-I, together with heparin, also protected factor Va from APC-mediated inactivation. Using surface plasmon resonance, DrKIn-I exhibited fast binding kinetics with APC (association rate constant = 1.7 × 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)). Direct binding assays and kinetic studies revealed that this inhibition (K(i) = 53 pM) is due to the tight binding interactions of DrKIn-I with both heparin and APC. DrKIn-I also effectively reversed the anticoagulant activity of APC and completely restored the thrombin generation in APC-containing plasma. Furthermore, although the injection of either DrKIn-I or RVV-X (the venom factor X-activator) into ICR mice did not significantly deplete the plasma fibrinogen concentration, co-administration of DrKIn-I with RVV-X resulted in complete fibrinogen consumption and the deposition of fibrin thrombi in the glomerular capillaries. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of RVV-induced coagulopathies and indicate that DrKIn-I is a novel APC inhibitor that is associated with potentially fatal thrombotic complications in Russell's viper envenomation.
Direct Identification of Protein–Protein Interactions by Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy (2016)

Single-molecule force spectroscopy based on atomic force microscopy (AFM-SMFS) has allowed the measurement of the intermolecular forces involved in protein-protein interactions at the molecular level. While intramolecular interactions are routinely identified directly by the use of polyprotein fingerprinting, there is a lack of a general method to directly identify single-molecule intermolecular unbinding events. Here, we have developed an internally controlled strategy to measure protein-protein interactions by AFM-SMFS that allows the direct identification of dissociation force peaks while ensuring single-molecule conditions. Single-molecule identification is assured by polyprotein fingerprinting while the intermolecular interaction is reported by a characteristic increase in contour length released after bond rupture. The latter is due to the exposure to force of a third protein that covalently connects the interacting pair. We demonstrate this strategy with a cohesin-dockerin interaction.
A Highly Hydrophilic and Biodegradable Novel Poly(amide-imide) for Biomedical Applications (2016)

A novel biodegradable poly(amide-imide) (PAI) with good hydrophilicity was synthesized by incorporation of l-glycine into the polymer chain. For comparison purposes, a pure PAI containing no l-glycine was also synthesized with a three-step method. In this study, we evaluated the novel PAI's thermal stability, hydrophilicity, solubility, biodegradability and ability to support bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) adhesion and growth by comparing with the pure PAI. The hydrophilic tests demonstrated that the novel PAI has possible hydrophilicity at a 38° water contact angle on the molecule surface and is about two times more hydrophilic than the pure PAI. Due to an extra unit of l-glycine in the novel PAI, the average degradation rate was about 2.4 times greater than that of the pure PAI. The preliminary biocompatibility studies revealed that all the PAIs are cell compatible, but the pure PAI exhibited much lower cell adhesion than the l-glycine-incorporated novel PAI. The hydrophilic surface of the novel PAI was more suitable for cell adhesion, suggesting that the surface hydrophilicity plays an important role in enhancing cell adhesion and growth.
Purification and characterization of three laccase isozymes from the white rot fungus Trametes sp. HS-03 (2012)

Three laccase isozymes (LacI, LacII and LacIII) were isolated from the culture supernatant solution of Trametes sp. HS-03. Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-sepharose fast flow anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography was performed to achieve electrophoretic homogeneity. The molecular masses (64.2, 60.7 and 38.9 kDa), isoelectric points [pIs (7.3, 4.7 and 3.5), and N-terminal amino acid sequences (G-I-G-P-V, A-I-G-P-T and S-I-G-P-V) were found to be different for the three laccase isozymes. LacI and II have similar thermostability, while LacIII showed better thermostability. LacIII also showed optimal activity at 80°C, with a half-life of 125 min at 70°C. The pI-value of LacI and the molecular mass of LacIII differ significantly from previously described fungal laccases. Keywords: Trametes sp. HS-03, laccase isozymes, purification, characterization
Tradición y actualización de la tecnología del estuco (1995)

Modification of the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of Shigella converts the serotype, which is significant as acquired immune responses are serotype specific. Glucosyltransferases (Gtrs) modify the O-antigen by the addition of glucosyl-groups; however the precise mechanism of O-antigen modification is not fully understood. This study aims to substantiate inferences made on the GtrV topological structure using the substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM). Twenty-one amino acid residues were tested to clarify three features of GtrV: the extramembrane regions, a proposed reentrant loop, and a membrane border region. Overall, the results agreed with a previous topology proposed for GtrV. The topology of GtrV consists of 11 extramembrane regions with a cytoplasmic N-terminus, periplasmic C-terminus and 9 transmembrane (TM) helices. The existence of a reentrant loop between TM helices IV and V was verified, and the cytoplasmic membrane border region of TM helix II was examined in depth.
Convergence properties and stationary points of a perceptron learning algorithm (1990)

An analysis of the stationary (convergence) points of an adaptive algorithm that adjusts the perceptron weights is presented. This algorithm is identical in form to the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm, except that a hard limiter is incorporated at the output of the summer. The algorithm is described in detail, a simple two-input example is presented, and some of its convergence properties are illustrated. When the input of the perceptron is a Gaussian random vector, the stationary points of the algorithm are not unique and they depend on the algorithm step size and the momentum constant. The stationary points of the algorithm are presented, and the properties of the adaptive weight vector near convergence are discussed. Computer simulations that verify the analysis are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conformational Adaptation in Drug–Target Interactions and Residence Time (2011)

Although drug-target interactions are commonly illustrated in terms of structurally static binding and dissociation events, such descriptions are inadequate to explain the impact of conformational dynamics on these processes. For high-affinity interactions, both the association and dissociation of drug molecules to and from their targets are often controlled by conformational changes of the target. Conformational adaptation can greatly influence the residence time of a drug on its target (i.e., the lifetime of the binary drug-target complex); long residence time can lead to sustained pharmacology and may also mitigate off-target toxicity. In this perspective, the kinetics of drug-target association and dissociation reactions are explored, with particular emphasis on the impact of conformational adaptation on drug-target residence time.
Enhancement of antiproliferative activity of interferons by RNA interference‐mediated silencing of <i>SOCS</i> gene expression in tumor cells (2008)

The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, negative regulators of interferon (IFN)-induced signaling pathways, is involved in IFN resistance of tumor cells. To improve the growth inhibitory effect of IFN-beta and IFN-gamma on a murine melanoma cell line, B16-BL6, and a murine colon carcinoma cell line, Colon26 cells, SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 gene expression in tumor cells was downregulated by transfection of plasmid DNA expressing short hairpin RNA targeting one of these genes (pshSOCS-1 and pshSOCS-3, respectively). Transfection of pshSOCS-1 significantly increased the antiproliferative effect of IFN-gamma on B16-BL6 cells. However, any other combinations of plasmids and IFN had little effect on the growth of B16-BL6 cells. In addition, transfection of pshSOCS-1 and pshSOCS-3 produced little improvement in the effect of IFN on Colon26 cells. To understand the mechanism underlining these findings, the level of SOCS gene expression was measured by real time polymerase chain reaction. Addition of IFN-gamma greatly increased the SOCS-1 mRNA expression in B16-BL6 cells. Taking into account the synergistic effect of pshSOCS-1 and IFN-gamma on the growth of B16-BL6 cells, these findings suggest that IFN-gamma-induced high SOCS-1 gene expression in B16-BL6 cells significantly interferes with the antiproliferative effect of IFN-gamma. These results indicate that silencing SOCS gene expression can be an effective strategy to enhance the antitumor effect of IFN under conditions in which the SOCS gene expression is upregulated by IFN.
Synthesis of Novel C-Pivot Lariat 18-Crown-6 Ethers and Their Efficient Purification (2015)

The syntheses of various lariat ethers including several not previously reported and their efficient purification are presented. The synthesis route brings together reactions from a variety of previous works leading to a robust and generalized approach to these C-pivot lariats. The main steps are condensation of functionalized diols with pentaethylene glycol ditosylate in the presence of potassium as a templating cation. Purification of the final products was achieved without chromatography by extracting from an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
What national account decision makers would tell salespeople about building relationships (1996)

Examines the responses of national account decision makers to open‐ended questions asking for their views on what salespeople need to do to build relationships, and categorizes the results. Eight categories of responses were found. These categories address a number of salesperson behaviors and attitudes ‐ some of which have not been empirically examined in the sales literature. Based on the findings of this study, presents managerial and theoretical implications of these results and implications for future research into buyer‐seller relationships.
Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic analysis of partial monosomy 10q (10q25.3→qter) and partial trisomy 18q (18q23→qter) in a fetus associated with cystic hygroma and ambiguous genitalia (2005)

The present case provides evidence that partial monosomy 10q (10q25.3-->qter) with partial trisomy 18q (18q23-->qter) can be a genetic cause of fetal cystic hygroma and ambiguous genitalia. Cytogenetic analysis for prenatally detected structural abnormalities may detect unexpected inherited chromosome aberrations.
High‐resolution genome‐wide copy‐number analysis suggests a monoclonal origin of multifocal prostate cancer (2012)

Many human cancers present as multifocal lesions. Understanding the clonal origin of multifocal cancers is of both etiological and clinical importance. The molecular basis of multifocal prostate cancer has previously been explored using a limited number of isolated markers and, although independent origin is widely believed, the clonal origin of multifocal prostate cancer is still debatable. We attempted to address clonal origin using a genome-wide copy-number analysis of individual cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) lesions. Using Affymetrix array 6.0 copy-number analysis, we compared the genomic changes detected in 48 individual cancer and HGPIN lesions, isolated from 18 clinically localized prostate cancer cases. Identical genomic copy-number changes, shared by all same-case cancer foci, were detected in all 13 informative cases displaying multiple tumor foci. In addition, individual HGPIN lesions in the two multifocal-HGPIN cases available shared identical genomic changes. Commonly known genomic alterations, including losses at 6q15, 8p21.3-8p21.2, 10q23.2-10q23.31, 16q22.3, 16q23.2-16q23.3 and 21q22.2-21q22.3 regions and gain of 8q24.3 were the most frequently detected changes in this study and each was detected in all same-case foci in at least one case. Microarray data were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in selected foci. Our high-resolution genome-wide copy-number data suggest that many multifocal cases derive from a single prostate cancer precursor clone and that this precursor may give rise to separate HGPIN foci and may further progress to multifocal invasive prostate cancer. These findings, which demonstrate the monoclonal origin of multifocal prostate cancer, should significantly enhance our understanding of prostate carcinogenesis.
Risk of right bundle-branch block and complete heart block during pulmonary artery catheterization (1989)

The need for the prophylactic insertion of a pacemaker before pulmonary artery catheterization in patients with pre-existing left bundle-branch block (LBBB) is controversial. To determine the incidence of new right bundle-branch block (RBBB) and complete heart block during bedside pulmonary artery catheterization, 293 patients undergoing 307 pulmonary artery catheterizations were prospectively studied. Nine patients had pacemaker rhythms and 19 patients had an RBBB on their precatheterization ECGs and therefore were excluded from analysis. In the remaining 279 pulmonary artery catheterizations, eight (3%) were associated with the development of a new RBBB. None of the 14 patients with a pre-existing LBBB developed complete heart block. The incidence of complete heart block during pulmonary artery catheterization of patients with previous LBBB was not higher than the incidence of RBBB in patients without underlying conduction defects. Because of the rare but grave consequences of RBBB in patients with pre-existing LBBB, we recommend the use of standby external pacemakers and equipment for transvenous pacemaker insertion in these patients during pulmonary artery catheterization. We do not recommend prophylactic pacemaker insertion.
Unified Query Processing for JSON Documents and Indexes (2014)

We present JPath, a JSON database query language, and its syntax, semantics, and implementation. We introduce an indexing data structure for answering JPath queries, and provide a theory unifying query execution on data and index trees using operations on matrices with lattice-valued elements.