gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of Physical Activity (2015)

Physical activity has a wide range of effects on glucose concentrations in type 1 diabetes (T1D) depending on the type (ie, aerobic, anaerobic, mixed) and duration of activity performed. This variability in glucose responses to physical activity makes the development of artificial pancreas (AP) systems challenging. Automatic detection of exercise type and intensity, and its classification as aerobic or anaerobic would provide valuable information to AP control algorithms. This can be achieved by using a multivariable AP approach where biometric variables are measured and reported to the AP at high frequency. We developed a classification system that identifies, in real time, the exercise intensity and its reliance on aerobic or anaerobic metabolism and tested this approach using clinical data collected from 5 persons with T1D and 3 individuals without T1D in a controlled laboratory setting using a variety of common types of physical activity. The classifier had an average sensitivity of 98.7% for physiological data collected over a range of exercise modalities and intensities in these subjects. The classifier will be added as a new module to the integrated multivariable adaptive AP system to enable the detection of aerobic and anaerobic exercise for enhancing the accuracy of insulin infusion strategies during and after exercise.
Analysis of a new magneto-optic angular displacement sensor using jones matrix approach (2005)

A new magneto-optic angular displacement (MOAD) sensor is reported for measuring small angular and spatial displacements of the surfaces of the material remotely. It is based on observation of changes in the intensity of the reflected polarized light beam, which passes through a magneto-optic (MO) thin garnet film with the controlled periodical displacement of one domain wall. Using Jones matrices for optical elements in the MOAD sensor system, simulated intensity of the MOAD sensor was obtained and compared with experimentally detected intensity. Results from simulation are in good agreement with experimental values. The MOAD sensor allows observation of angular displacement of a material located remotely from the laser and detector with resolution of 0.01deg
Fourth order blind identification of underdetermined mixtures of sources (FOBIUM) (2004)

Most of the current second order (SO)(Belouchrani, A. et al., IEEE Trans. Sig. Process., vol.45, no.2, p.434-44, 1997) and fourth order (FO) (Cardoso, J.F. and Souloumiac, A., IEE Proc.-F, vol.140, no.6, p.362-70, 1993; Comon, P., Sig. Process., vol.36, no.3, 1994) blind source identification (BSI) methods aim at blindly identifying the steering vectors of statistically independent sources, provided the number of sources is not greater than the number of sensors. However in practical situations, the probability of receiving more sources than sensors increases with the reception bandwidth. In this context, the paper proposes a new attractive FO BSI method, able to identify the steering vector of more sources than sensors, jointly with a new pertinent performance criterion for the quality evaluation of the BSI process. The new method implements a FO pre-whitening step and exploits the tri-spectrum diversities of the sources.
MO‐D‐BRB‐02: Using Total‐Variation Regularization for IMRT Inverse Planning with Field‐Specific Numbers of Segments (2009)

Purpose: Currently, there are two types of treatment planning algorithms for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The beamlet‐based algorithm generates fluence maps with high complexity, resulting in large numbers of segments in the delivery. The segment‐based direct aperture optimization (DAO) algorithm uses a small number of segments. However, the number of segments is typically pre‐fixed, and the optimization is computationally intensive. In this work, a regularization based algorithm is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the DAO method. Method and Materials : Instead of smoothing the fluence maps, we include a total‐variation term in the optimization objective function to reduce the number of signal levels of the fluence maps and therefore the number of deliverable apertures. As compared to the DAO algorithm, our method has an efficient form of quadratic optimization, with an additional advantage of optimizing field specific numbers of segments based on the modulation complexity. Results: The proposed approach is evaluated using two clinical cases. Provided that the clinical acceptance criteria of the treatment plan are satisfied, for the prostate patient, the total number of segments is reduced from 61 using the Eclipse planning system to 35 using the proposed algorithm; for the head and neck patient, the total number of segments is reduced from 107 to 28. The head and neck result is also compared to that using an equal number of 4 segments for each field. The comparison shows that using field‐specific numbers of segments achieves a much improved dose distribution. Conclusion: A total‐variation based inverse planning method is proposed in this work. As compared to other existing methods, the proposed algorithm is derived using different principles and implemented efficiently. The patient studies show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the total number of segments used in the treatment without compromising the delivered dose distribution.
Low threshold current implanted-planar buried-heterostructure graded-index separate confinement heterostructure laser in GaAs/AlGaAs (1990)

We report dramatic improvements to the implanted-planar buried-heterostructure graded-index separate confinement heterostructure (IPBH-GRINSCH) laser in (AlGa)As/GaAs which produces low threshold current, continuous-wave operation. Our process features significantly reduced fabrication complexity of high quality, index-guided laser diodes compared to regrowth techniques and, in contrast to diffusion-induced disordering, allows creation of self-aligned, buried, blocking junctions by ion implantation. The improved single-stripe IPBH-GRINSCH lasers exhibit 39 mA threshold current, cw operation.
Role of tumor cytoskeleton and membrane glycoprotein IRGpIIb/IIIa in platelet adhesion to tumor cell membrane and tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation. (1988)

Components of the tumor cell cytoskeleton (i.e., microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments) have been reported to affect metastatic ability, since disruption of these components leads to a decrease in metastasis. One mechanism of metastasis which has not been previously considered is the decreased interaction of tumor cells with platelets. We present evidence that disruption of the tumor cell cytoskeleton decreases the ability of tumor cells to aggregate homologous platelets. This effect is dependent upon the disruption of microfilaments/intermediate filaments but not disruption of microtubules. In addition, tumor cell platelet interactions require the lateral mobility of specific receptors (i.e., clustering) on the tumor cell plasma membrane. A membrane glycoprotein immunologically related to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex was identified on Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells using specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and Northern blot analysis using complementary DNA probes for IIb and IIIa. Mobility of this receptor is dependent upon tumor cell microfilaments/intermediate filaments, but not microtubules. Furthermore, treatment of tumor cells with specific antibodies to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex inhibits tumor cell-platelet interaction at the macroscopic level (i.e., aggregation) and at the ultrastructural level (i.e., platelet adhesion to the tumor cell surface). These results suggest that this immunologically related glycoprotein IIb/IIIa is a receptor for platelet binding to the tumor cell surface, an event which precedes overt platelet aggregation and is dependent upon an intact tumor cell microfilament and intermediate filament network. Therefore, the decreased metastasis observed by others following disruption of the tumor cell cytoskeleton may be due, in part, to a decreased tumor cell-platelet interaction.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 9,10‐DIHYDROANTHRACEN‐9,10‐IMINES (1979)

Abstract Aus den 0‐disubstituierten Aromaten (I) entstehen mit NBS und Hydrazinen die Salze (II), die alkalisch zu Isoindolen (III) führen.
Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit (2012)

Salmonella, one of the most common causes of foodborne illness, is a significant public health concern worldwide. There is a need in the food industry for methods that are simple, rapid, and sensitive for the detection of foodborne pathogens. In this study, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit, a real-time PCR assay for the detection of Salmonella, was evaluated according to the current AOAC guidelines. The validation consisted of lot-to-lot consistency, stability, robustness, and inclusivity/exclusivity studies, as well as a method comparison of 10 different food matrixes. In the validation, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit was used in conjunction with the Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus PCR system and the Samsung Food Testing Software for the detection of Salmonella species. The performance of the assays was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service-Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (USDA/FSIS-MLG) 4.05: Isolation and Identification of Salmonella from Meat, Poultry, Pasteurized Egg, and Catfish and the and U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) Chapter 5 Salmonella reference methods. The validation was conducted using an unpaired study design for detection of Salmonella spp. in raw ground beef, raw pork, raw ground pork, raw chicken wings, raw salmon, alfalfa sprouts, pasteurized orange juice, peanut butter, pasteurized whole milk, and shell eggs. The Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit demonstrated lot-to-lot consistency among three independent lots as well as ruggedness with minor modifications to changes in enrichment incubation time, enrichment incubation temperature, and DNA sample volume for PCR reaction. Stability was observed for 13 months at -20 degrees C and 3 months at 5 degrees C. For the inclusivity/exclusivity study, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit correctly identified 147 Salmonella species isolates out of 147 isolates tested from each of three different enrichment broths (a total of 441 isolates detected), and correctly excluded all 31 nontarget strains analyzed. For the method comparison, statistical analysis was conducted according to the Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square formula for unpaired test portions, and there was no significant difference in the number of positive samples detected between the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit and the USDA/FSIS-MLG and FDA/BAM reference methods for all 10 food matrixes.
An Improved Framework of Affine Motion Compensation in Video Coding (2018)

Affine Motion Compensation (AMC) is a promising coding tool in Joint Exploration Model (JEM) developed by the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET). AMC in JEM employs a 4-parameter affine model between the current block and its reference block. With this model, Motion Vectors (MV) of each sub-block can be derived from the MVs at two control points. In this paper, we present a practical framework to further improve the AMC in JEM. First, we introduce a multi-model AMC approach, which allows the encoder to select either the 4-parameter affine model or the 6-paramter affine model adaptively. Second, we improve the affine inter-mode in two aspects. For the normative part, we present an efficient affine motion coding method, which replaces the affine MV Prediction (MVP) candidates in JEM with more accurate but simpler ones, and employs a second-order MVP. For the non-normative part, we enhance the motion estimation process for AMC, by regulating the optimization algorithm. Finally, we propose to unify the affine merge-mode and the normal merge-mode into a unified merge-mode, which combine affine merge candidates and normal merge candidates in a single merge candidate list. Partial of these methods have been adopted into the next generation video coding standard named Versatile Video Coding (VVC). Simulation results show that the proposed methods can achieve 1.67% BD rate savings in average for the random access configurations.
From crystal structure to clinic: Highlights of the tenth international parvovirus workshop (2005)

The Tenth International Parvovirus Workshop, organized by Drs. Nicholas Muzyczka and William Hauswirth (University of Florida), was held 8–12 September 2004, in St. Pete's Beach, Florida. The meeting featured recent advances in parvoviral biology including recently-solved crystal structures of parvoviral capsids, the discovery of new serotypes, mechanisms of viral replication and persistence/integration, characterization of virus-host interactions, vector development, and applications in gene therapy.
Carbon/Molecule/Metal and Carbon/Molecule/Metal Oxide Molecular Electronic Junctions (2005)

Molecular junctions were fabricated on the basis of a 1.7−4.5 nm thick layer of fluorene (FL) or nitroazobenzene (NAB) covalently bonded to a graphitic pyrolyzed photoresist film (PPF) substrate. The junction was completed with a top contact consisting of metallic Cu, TiO2, or aluminum(III) oxide (AlOx) and a final layer of Au. The current/voltage behavior of the junctions depended strongly both on the nature of the metal or metal oxide top layers and on the structure of the molecular layer. PPF/NAB/Cu/Au and PPF/FL/Cu/Au junctions were highly conducting, with resistances of 0.3−1.7 Ω cm2, depending on the identity and thickness of the molecular layer. Substitution of Cu with either AlOx or TiO2 caused a large increase in junction resistance by 2−4 orders of magnitude, but also yielded rectifying junctions in the case of PPF/NAB(4.5)/TiO2(3.1)/Au. For a positive bias (PPF relative to Au) above +2 V, the NAB(4.5)/TiO2(3.1) junction became highly conductive, apparently due to injection of electrons into the TiO2 conduction band. PPF/NAB(4.5)/AlOx(3.3)/Au junctions exhibited symmetric i/V responses with very low currents, and capacitances consistent with those expected for a parallel plate capacitor with two dielectric layers. However, Raman spectroscopy of the NAB/AlOx junctions showed structural changes under negative bias corresponding to reduction of NAB, despite the absence of significant current flow. The changes were reversible and repeatable provided the bias was between −1.5 and +1.0, but partially irreversible when the bias excursion was negative of −1.5 V. Combined with a previous spectroscopic study of PPF/NAB/TiO2/Au junctions, the results imply a rectification mechanism based on electron transport through the NAB LUMO and the TiO2 conduction band, and possibly a Coulombic barrier resulting from reduction of the NAB in the molecular junction.
A 160 mV Robust Schmitt Trigger Based (2007)

We propose a novel Schmitt Trigger (ST) based differ- ential 10-transistor SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) bitcell suitable for subthreshold operation. The proposed Schmitt trigger based bitcell achieves 1.56 higher read static noise margin (SNM) ( 400 mV) compared to the conventional 6T cell. The robust Schmitt trigger based memory cell exhibits built-in process varia- tion tolerance that gives tight SNM distribution across the process corners. It utilizes differential operation and hence does not re- quire any architectural changes from the present 6T architecture. At iso-area and iso-read-failure probability the proposed memory bitcell operates at a lower (175 mV) with 18% reduction in leakage and 50% reduction in read/write power compared to the conventional 6T cell. Simulation results show that the proposed memory bitcell retains data at a supply voltage of 150 mV. Func- tional SRAM with the proposed memory bitcell is demonstrated at 160 mV in 0.13 m CMOS technology.
Real time digital simulation of voltage-based controller for electric vehicle charging (2016)

Electric vehicle (EV) is a topic of increased interest due to the several advantages it can provide. However, adopting a large number of EVs can cause problems to the electric utilities. Therefore, proper management of EV charging is necessary. While several centralized methods were proposed to control the charging process, few autonomous methods were suggested. This work presents an autonomous controller that handles the charging rate of the EV adaptively. It does not require any kind of communication. The performance of the controller is demonstrated using a real time digital simulator (RTDS). The results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in handling the charging process. The controller prevents line overloading and voltage violations in the system and achieves fair charging among the different EVs connected to the system.
<title>Superscalar Huffman decoder hardware design</title> (1994)

Huffman coding is one of the most common forms of lossless data compression. Many lossy image compression standards, for example the MPEG and JPEG, use Huffman coding as the back end entropy compressor because of its relatively good compression performance and simple hardware implementation. However, the decoding speed is limited by a feedback loop. For applications that require high speed decoding, such as High Definition Television at about 100 Mbyte/s, this feedback loop can be prohibitively slow. The highest speed conventional `parallel' Huffman decoders decode one complete codeword per look-up table memory cycle. This paper describes three different hardware designs that break through this limit. All three depend on probabilistic modeling of the coded data stream to predict, or speculate, on the values of adjacent codewords. One design uses a single fully specified memory with enough width for two, or more, output tokens. The other two designs use multiple memories each fed by a different portion of the code stream. This superscalar approach leads to average decode rates twice, or more, that of a conventional `parallel' decoder for a simulation of JPEG Huffman token data. The relative performance versus hardware cost is described for each design.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer with coaxial multi‐electrode cell (‘O‐trap’): first experimental demonstration (2010)

The conceptual design of the O-trap Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) cell addresses the speed of analysis issue in FT-ICR mass spectrometry. The concept of the O-trap includes separating the functions of ion excitation and detection between two different FT-ICR cell compartments. The detection compartment of the O-trap implements additional internal coaxial electrodes around which ions with excited cyclotron motion revolve. The expected benefits are higher resolving power and the lesser effect of the space charge. In this work we present the first experimental demonstration of the O-trap cell and its features, including the high ion transfer efficiency between two distinct compartments of an ICR cell after excitation of the coherent cyclotron motion. We demonstrate that utilization of the multiple-electrode detection in the O-trap provides mass resolving power enhancement (achieved over a certain time) equal to the order of the frequency multiplication. In an O-trap installed in a 5 T desk-top cryogen-free superconducting magnet, the resolving power of R = 80,000 was achieved for bradykinin [M + 2H](2+) (m/z 531; equivalent to 100,000 when recalculated for m/z 400) in 0.2 s analysis time (transient length), and R = 300,000 at m/z 531 for a 1 s transient. In both cases, detection on the third multiple of the cyclotron frequency was implemented. In terms of the acquisition speed at fixed resolving power, such performance is equivalent to conventional FT-ICR detection using a 15 T magnet.
Deduplication on Encrypted Big Data in Cloud (2016)

Cloud computing offers a new way of service provision by re-arranging various resources over the Internet. The most important and popular cloud service is data storage. In order to preserve the privacy of data holders, data are often stored in cloud in an encrypted form. However, encrypted data introduce new challenges for cloud data deduplication, which becomes crucial for big data storage and processing in cloud. Traditional deduplication schemes cannot work on encrypted data. Existing solutions of encrypted data deduplication suffer from security weakness. They cannot flexibly support data access control and revocation. Therefore, few of them can be readily deployed in practice. In this paper, we propose a scheme to deduplicate encrypted data stored in cloud based on ownership challenge and proxy re-encryption. It integrates cloud data deduplication with access control. We evaluate its performance based on extensive analysis and computer simulations. The results show the superior efficiency and effectiveness of the scheme for potential practical deployment, especially for big data deduplication in cloud storage.
Control of coal combustion SO[sub 2]and NO[sub x] emissions by in- boiler injection of CMA (1993)

The principal objectives of the proposed research are two-fold: (A) To understand the mechanism and assess the effectiveness of sulfur capture by the chemical calcium magnesium acetate (CMA); and (B) To evaluate the NO[sub x], reduction capabilities of CMA by burning the organic constituents of the chemical (the acetate) and reducing NO to stable N[sub 2]. The optimum conditions and the location of CMA introduction in the furnace will be identified. To achieve these goals water solutions of CMA or dry powders of CMA will be injected into hot air or gases simulating the furnace exhaust (containing CO[sub 2], SO[sub x],NO[sub x], H[sub 2]O, O[sub 2] etc.) and the composition of gaseous and solid products of the reaction will be monitored. The processes of burning the organic acetate as well as the calcination, sintering and sulfation of the remaining solid will be studied in detail. The possibility of introducing two different sorbents sequentially will also be examined. For instance, such a scheme may employ injection of the rather inexpensive calcium carbonate initially, followed by the more costly CMA. The effectiveness of a homemade'' CMA using woody biomass as a low-cost source of acetate will be explored if such a product becomes available during the course of this work. Finally, CMA will be introduced in the matrix of the coal by an ion exchange or a precipitation technique. Upon subsequent combustion, the composition and physical structure of the remaining ash will be examined, as well as the gas phase SO[sub x], concentration. Both techniques (CMA pretreatment and CMA injection) may also be implemented simultaneously to assess their combined effect on sulfur capture.
Native Plasmids of <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> : Characterization and Use in Development of Genetic Systems (2000)

Three native plasmids of Fusobacterium nucleatum were characterized, including DNA sequence analysis of one plasmid, pFN1. A shuttle plasmid, pHS17, capable of transforming Escherichia coli and F. nucleatum ATCC 10953 was constructed with pFN1. pHS17 was stably maintained in the F. nucleatum transformants, and differences in the transformation efficiencies suggested the presence of a restriction-modification system in F. nucleatum.
Development of operational protocols for the analysis of primary and secondary fingermark lifts by MALDI-MS imaging (2016)

Eight years of intensive research have demonstrated that Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry Profiling and Imaging (MALDI-MSP and MSI) are powerful tools to gather intelligence around a suspect lifestyle, directly from the identifying ridges of a latent fingermark.
Mathematical framework for human SLE Nephritis: disease dynamics and urine biomarkers (2010)

We show that effective combination of clinical data and physiologically based mathematical modeling may provide a basis for more comprehensive modeling and improved clinical care for LN patients.