gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol lowers incidence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice (2005)

Cannabidinoids are components of the Cannabis sativa (marijuana) plant that have been shown capable of suppressing inflammation and various aspects of cell-mediated immunity. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabidinoid has been previously shown by us to suppress cell-mediated autoimmune joint destruction in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. We now report that CBD treatment significantly reduces the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice from an incidence of 86% in non-treated control mice to an incidence of 30% in CBD-treated mice. CBD treatment also resulted in the significant reduction of plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Th1-associated cytokine production of in vitro activated T-cells and peritoneal macrophages was also significantly reduced in CBD-treated mice, whereas production of the Th2-associated cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, was increased when compared to untreated control mice. Histological examination of the pancreatic islets of CBD-treated mice revealed significantly reduced insulitis. Our results indicate that CBD can inhibit and delay destructive insulitis and inflammatory Th1-associated cytokine production in NOD mice resulting in a decreased incidence of diabetes possibly through an immunomodulatory mechanism shifting the immune response from Th1 to Th2 dominance.
<title>JPEG compression of ultrasound images and its effect in predicting pubic arch interference for prostrate brachytherapy</title> (2000)

Prostate brachytherapy is an effective treatment for localized prostate cancer. Recently, it has been shown that prior to surgery a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) study of the prostate and pubic arch can effectively assess pubic arch interference (PAI), a major stumbling block for the brachytherapy procedure. This identification is currently being done with uncompressed digital images taken directly from the ultrasound (US) machine. However, since not all US machines allow access to the direct digital images, there is a need to perform TRUS based PAI detection using digitized images. For its clinical advantages, we have chosen to use a consumer video digitizer that saves images in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard. In this paper, our goal is to assess whether, even with some loss of information due to JPEG compression, the degraded TRUS image is still viable for clinical assessment of PAI. This was accomplished by using a PAI assessment algorithm to predict the location of the pubic arch on both lossless uncompressed bitmap images and 11 degrees of lossy JPEG compressed images. The predicted locations of the arches were compared to each other and the true location of the arch. Our results show that there is no clinically significant difference in assessing PAI using images with medium-to-high JPEG compression compared to using uncompressed images.
The POM Monoclonals: A Comprehensive Set of Antibodies to Non-Overlapping Prion Protein Epitopes (2008)

PrP(Sc), a misfolded and aggregated form of the cellular prion protein PrP(C), is the only defined constituent of the transmissible agent causing prion diseases. Expression of PrP(C) in the host organism is necessary for prion replication and for prion neurotoxicity. Understanding prion diseases necessitates detailed structural insights into PrP(C) and PrP(Sc). Towards this goal, we have developed a comprehensive collection of monoclonal antibodies denoted POM1 to POM19 and directed against many different epitopes of mouse PrP(C). Three epitopes are located within the N-terminal octarepeat region, one is situated within the central unstructured region, and four epitopes are discontinuous within the globular C-proximal domain of PrP(C). Some of these antibodies recognize epitopes that are resilient to protease digestion in PrP(Sc). Other antibodies immunoprecipitate PrP(C), but not PrP(Sc). A third group was found to immunoprecipitate both PrP isoforms. Some of the latter antibodies could be blocked with epitope-mimicking peptides, and incubation with an excess of these peptides allowed for immunochromatography of PrP(C) and PrP(Sc). Amino-proximal antibodies were found to react with repetitive PrP(C) epitopes, thereby vastly increasing their avidity. We have also created functional single-chain miniantibodies from selected POMs, which retained the binding characteristics despite their low molecular mass. The POM collection, thus, represents a unique set of reagents allowing for studies with a variety of techniques, including western blotting, ELISA, immunoprecipitation, conformation-dependent immunoassays, and plasmon surface plasmon resonance-based assays.
API Learning (2018)

Application Programming Interface (API) exposes data and functions of a software application to third-party users. In digital business, API economy is one of the key component for determining the value of provided services. With the rise in number of publicly available APIs, understanding each API endpoint manually is not only labor intensive but it is also an error prone task for software engineers. Due to the complexity of understanding the sheer number of APIs, it is difficult for software developers to find the best possible API combinations (i.e. API Mashups). In this demonstration, we introduce API Learning platform which employs machine-learning based technologies to efficiently search APIs, validate APIs, and generate API mashups. These technologies enable a machine to automatically generate machine-readable API specification from API documentations, understand variety of APIs, validate extracted information through automated API validation, and finally recommend API mashups for a specific purpose. As of now, API Learning platform collected over 14,000 API documentations and generates a machine readable format for REST APIs with an accuracy of 84%. The proposed demo prototype shows how it enables users to quickly find relevant APIs, automatically verify API availability, and get the best possible API mashup recommendations.
Improved MU-MIMO performance for future 802.11 systems using differential feedback (2013)

Multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) is a new technology adopted in IEEE 802.11ac for enhancing downlink throughput. 802.11ac has an explicit feedback mechanism that enables very high quality channel feedback to be provided to the transmitter, but the overhead can be quite substantial. We propose a differential feedback method that significantly reduces this overhead by using a simple lossless, variable-length compression technique that exploits the slowly time varying wireless channel.
Ear piece construction (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Werner Fidi, Friedrich Richter; Ear piece construction. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 September 1986; 80 (3): 1002. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.393942 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
CD59 is physically and functionally associated with natural cytotoxicity receptors and activates human NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (2003)

Triggering of cytotoxicity in human NK cells is induced by the combined engagement of several triggering receptors. These include primary receptors such as NKG2D and the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) NKp30, NKp46 and NKp44, while other molecules, including 2B4, NTB-A and NKp80, function as co-receptors. As reported in the present study, during an attempt to identify novel NK receptors or co-receptors, we found that CD59 functions as a co-receptor in human NK cell activation; engagement of CD59 by specific mAb delivers triggering signals to human NK cells, resulting in enhancement of cytotoxicity. Similar to other NK co-receptors, the triggering function of CD59, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein, depends on the simultaneous engagement of primary receptors such as NCR. Accordingly, CD59-dependent triggering was virtually restricted to NK cells expressing high surface densities of NKp46, and mAb-mediated modulation of NKp46 resulted in markedly decreased responses to anti-CD59 mAb. Biochemical analysis revealed that CD59 is physically associated with NKp46 and NKp30. Moreover, engagement of CD59 resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of CD3zeta chains associated with these NCR, but not those associated with CD16. Thus, CD59-mediated costimulation of NK cells requires direct physical interaction of this GPI-linked protein with primary triggering NK receptors.
Modeling and optimizing I/O throughput of multiple disks on a bus (summary) (1998)

For a wide variety of computational tasks, disk I/O continues to be a serious obstacle to high performance. The focus of the present paper is on systems that use multiple disks per SCSI bus. We measured the performance of concurrent random I/Os, and observed bus-related phenomena that impair performance. We describe these phenomena, and present a new I/O performance model that accurately predicts the average bandwidth achieved by a heavy workload of random reads from disks on a SCSI bus. This model, although relatively simple, predicts performance on several platforms to within 12% for I/O sizes in the range 16-128 KB. We describe a technique to improve the I/O bandwidth by 10-20% for random-access workloads that have large I/Os and high concurrency. This technique increases the percentage of disk head positioning time that is overlapped with data transfers, and increases the percentage of transfers that occur at bus bandwidth, rather than at disk-head bandwidth.
Inside Cover: Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Pyrrole‐Based KSP Inhibitors as the Payload Class (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46/2018) (2018)

Targeted killing of tumor cells with antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) utilizing kinesin spindle protein inhibitor payloads is described in the Communication by Lerchen et al. on page 15243 ff. Upon binding of the armed antibody to tumor-specific antigens, the ADC is internalized into lysosomal compartments, where the active metabolite is released. Subsequent inhibition of KSP, an ATP-dependent motor protein involved in the generation of bipolar spindles, finally leads to apoptosis. (Artwork by The New Atlantic, Cologne.)
A Unified Endpointer Using Multitask and Multidomain Training (2019)

In speech recognition systems, we generally differentiate the role of endpointers between long-form speech and voice queries, where they are responsible for speech detection and query endpoint detection respectively. Detection of speech is useful for segmentation and pre-filtering in long-form speech processing. On the other hand, query endpoint detection predicts when to stop listening and send audio received so far for actions. It thus determines system latency and is an essential component for interactive voice systems. For both tasks, endpointer needs to be robust in challenging environments, including noisy conditions, reverberant environments and environments with background speech, and it has to generalize well to different domains with different speaking styles and rhythms. This work investigates building a unified endpointer by folding the separate speech detection and query endpoint detection tasks into a single neural network model through multitask learning. A categorical domain representation is further incorporated into the model to encourage learning domain specific information. The final unified model achieves around 100 ms (18% relatively) latency improvement for near-field voice queries and 150 ms (21% relatively) for far-field voice queries over simply pooling all the data together and 7% relative frame error rate reduction for long-form speech compared to a standalone speech detection model. The proposed approach also shows good robustness to noisy environments and yields 180 ms latency improvement on voice queries from an unseen domain.
A dual watermarking and fingerprinting system (2003)

We propose a public-key watermarking system, where as usual, all the copies of a protected object are identically marked, but where each user has a distinct secret detection key. All such detection keys are different from the secret embedding key. Even by gaining the knowledge of a relatively large number of detection keys, an adversary cannot remove the secret marks from the protected content. We show that an attacker who has access to one detection key can always fool the corresponding watermark (WM) detector, but not other WM detectors. Also, in that process, the attacker necessarily inserts a fingerprint (FP) in the modified content. Our WM/FP system significantly improves upon the best known asymptotic resistance to collusion attacks to O(N log N) from O(N/sup 1/4/).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC ANALGESICS‐ N‐(1‐(2‐ARYLETHYL)‐4‐SUBSTITUTED 4‐PIPERIDINYL)‐N‐ARYLALKANAMIDES (1976)

Abstract Über 80 Verbindungen der allgemeinen Struktur (I) werden auf verschiedenen Wegen synthetisiert und auf ihre analgetische Wirkung geprüft.
Optimized Carbonate and Ester-Based Li-Ion Electrolytes (2008)

To maintain high conductivity in low temperatures, electrolyte co-solvents have been designed to have a high dielectric constant, low viscosity, adequate coordination behavior, and appropriate liquid ranges and salt solubilities. Electrolytes that contain ester-based co-solvents in large proportion (greater than 50 percent) and ethylene carbonate (EC) in small proportion (less than 20 percent) improve low-temperature performance in MCMB carbon-LiNiCoO2 lithium-ion cells. These co-solvents have been demonstrated to enhance performance, especially at temperatures down to 70 C. Low-viscosity, ester-based co-solvents were incorporated into multi-component electrolytes of the following composition: 1.0 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) + ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) + X (1:1:8 volume percent) [where X = methyl butyrate (MB), ethyl butyrate EB, methyl propionate (MP), or ethyl valerate (EV)]. These electrolyte formulations result in improved low-temperature performance of lithium-ion cells, with dramatic results at temperatures below 40 C.
Synthesis, cure, and composite properties of mixed allyl/propargyl cyclopentadiene resins (1998)

A series of thermosetting resins were synthesized via phase transfer reaction of allyl chloride and propargyl bromide with cyclopentadiene in the presence of a strong base. Feed ratios of 1 : 1, 3 : 1, and 5 : 1 allyl chloride to propargyl bromide were used to give resins with varying amounts of propargyl and allyl functionality. In all cases the resins could be thermally cured, without added catalyst, at temperatures below 275°C to give black, glassy, brittle materials with densities of 1.15. TGA evaluation of the resins, with heating to 1000°C, resulted in carbon yields ranging from 48 to 66% with increasing propargyl functionality causing increased values. Physical mixtures of ACP and PCP resins were also made and evaluated. Cure of the mixed materials also occurred below 275°C, and carbon yields were comparable to the corresponding APCP resin. APCP/carbon fiber composites gave good mechanical properties with flexural modulus values of 115–130 GPa and flexural strength values of 1000 MPa. Carbonization of 1 : 1 APCP/carbon fiber composites provided materials with interlaminar strength values of approximately 1.14 MPa. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 2869–2876, 1998
<title>Mathematical model of annular keratophakia: intracorneal ring and gel injection adjustable keratoplasty</title> (1994)

Over the past century, several refractive surgical techniques have been devised to correct ametropia. These can be categorized in three difterent ways: (I) The first is the subtraction method, consisting in the removal of tissue from the patient's cornea1 . Removal is almost always performed on the central optical zone. Mechanical instruments or photoablative lasers are used for these procedures. Today, the ArF I 93nm excimer and, potentially, the 21 3nm frequency quintupled Nd:YAG solid state lasers have replaced the keratomileusis mechanical techniques originally developed by Jose I. Barraquer; (II) The second is the Nadditivew method, involving the implantation of donor tissue or a polymeric implant in the host corneal stroma1 or under the host comeal epithelium2. One subclassification of the second method consists of implanting a lenticule over the central optical zone while the others rely on bending the host peripheral cornea either using a ring implant; (Ill) The third method consists of thermal shrinking portions of the stromal collagen at difterent locations on the cornea to correct myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism. Several kinds of heat sources have been investigated, including hot wires cautery and RF diathermy, but the mid-infrared lasers have given the best clinical results thus fare.
Estrogen reduction by aromatase inhibition for benign prostatic hyperplasia: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial using two doses of the aromatase-inhibitor atamestane (1996)

The conclusion from this study is that the reduction in estrogen concentration using the selective aromatase inhibitor atamestane has no effect on clinically established BPH.
Extension of DAMAS Phased Array Processing for Spatial Coherence Determination (DAMAS-C) (2006)

The present study reports a new development of the DAMAS microphone phased array processing methodology that allows the determination and separation of coherent and incoherent noise source distributions. In 2004, a Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources (DAMAS) was developed which decoupled the array design and processing influence from the noise being measured, using a simple and robust algorithm. In 2005, three-dimensional applications of DAMAS were examined. DAMAS has been shown to render an unambiguous quantitative determination of acoustic source position and strength. However, an underlying premise of DAMAS, as well as that of classical array beamforming methodology, is that the noise regions under study are distributions of statistically independent sources. The present development, called DAMAS-C, extends the basic approach to include coherence definition between noise sources. The solutions incorporate cross-beamforming array measurements over the survey region. While the resulting inverse problem can be large and the iteration solution computationally demanding, it solves problems no other technique can approach. DAMAS-C is validated using noise source simulations and is applied to airframe flap noise test results.
Model Guided Deep Learning Approach Towards Prediction of Physical System Behavior (2017)

Cyber-physical control systems involve a discrete computational algorithm to control continuous physical systems. Often the control algorithm uses predictive models of the physical system in its decision making process. However, physical system models suffer from several inaccuracies when employed in practice. Mitigating such inaccuracies is often difficult and have to be repeated for different instances of the physical system. In this paper, we propose a model guided deep learning method for extraction of accurate prediction models of physical systems, in presence of artifacts observed in real life deployments. Given an initial potentially suboptimal mathematical prediction model, our model guided deep learning method iteratively improves the model through a data driven training approach. We apply the proposed approach on the closed loop blood glucose control system. Using this proposed approach, we achieve an improvement over predictive Bergman Minimal Model by a factor of around 100.
Lateral Modes in Quantum Cascade Lasers (2016)

We will examine the waveguide mode losses in ridge-guided quantum cascade lasers. Our analysis illustrates how the low-loss mode for broad-ridge quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) can be a higher-order lateral waveguide mode that maximizes the feedback from the sloped ridge-wall regions. The results are in excellent agreement with the near- and far-field data taken on broad-ridge-guided quantum cascade lasers processed with sloped ridge walls.
Optimistic recovery in distributed systems (1985)

Optimistic Recovery is a new technique supporting application-independent transparent recovery from processor failures in distributed systems. In optimistic recovery communication, computation and checkpointing proceed asynchronously. Synchronization is replaced by causal dependency tracking , which enables a posteriori reconstruction of a consistent distributed system state following a failure using process rollback and message replay . Because there is no synchronization among computation, communication, and checkpointing, optimistic recovery can tolerate the failure of an arbitrary number of processors and yields better throughput and response time than other general recovery techniques whenever failures are infrequent.
<b>A new type of transporter with a new type of cellular function: <scp>l</scp>‐lysine export from <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i></b> (1996)

We discovered that after deregulation of the L-lysine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum, L-lysine accumulated in the cytosol and the efflux properties of this amino acid in mutants used for L-lysine production were altered. In this study we describe the cloning and molecular identification of lysE, which encodes the translocator specifically exporting L-lysine from the cell. The lysE gene product does not display homology to any known transporter. It is only 236 amino acids in size, with the potential to span the membrane six times. The LysE protein was oversynthesized to confirm its deduced M(r) of 25425 Da. A probable regulatory gene, lysG, is localized immediately adjacent to lysE and displays all the typical structural features of an autoregulatory transcriptional regulator of the LysR-type family. L-Lysine export is correlated with lysE expression. A null mutant is unable to excrete L-lysine, whereas with overexpressed lysE, L-lysine is exported at a rate of 3.76 nmol min-1 mg-1 dry weight, which is five times the rate that was obtained with the wild type. A deletion mutant was constructed to search for a natural function of this unique carrier. Surprisingly, growth of this mutant is abolished on a salt medium in the presence of the dipeptide Lys-Ala. The quantification of the intracellular L-lysine concentrations revealed that, in response to peptide addition, there was an accumulation of the exceptionally high concentration of more than 1100 mM L-lysine. These results distinguish LysE as an exporter, which: (i) structurally represents a new type of translocator; (ii) demonstrates that exporters are also present for primary metabolites such as amino acids; and (iii) serves in one physiological function to link import with export activity.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Phosphorothioates: Substantial Reduction of (N-1)-mer Content Through the Use of Trimeric Phosphoramidite Synthons (1999)

Abstract Use of fully protected trimeric phosphoramidite synthons in the synthesis of oligonucleotide phosphorothioate shows a substantial reduction (>85%) in (n-1)-mer content as compared to oligomers synthesized through coupling of standard phosphoramidite monomers. A 20-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotide phosphorothioate which is in phase I clinical trials was chosen as an example for the studies.