gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Carboxylated Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMs) with Tunable Gas Transport Properties (2009)

Carboxylated polymers of intrinsic microporosity (carboxylated PIMs) are reported as potential high-performance materials for membrane-based gas separation. Carboxylated PIM membranes were prepared by in situ hydrolysis of the nitrile groups of PIM-1 films. Structural characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The degree of hydrolysis was determined by carbon elemental analysis. The thermal properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compared with PIM-1, carboxylated PIMs with different degrees of hydrolysis have similar thermal and mechanical properties but show higher selectivity for gas pairs such as O2/N2, CO2/N2, He/N2, and H2/N2 with a corresponding decrease in permeability. Selectivity coupled to high permeability combines to exceed the Robeson upper-bound line for the O2/N2 gas pair. This work demonstrates that significant improvements in gas separation properties may be obtained through postmodification of nitrile-based PIM membranes. The present work improves the understanding of the relationship of structure/permeation properties and also extends the PIM spectrum beyond those reported previously. In addition, the incorporation of carboxylic acid sites has the potential for further modification reactions such as grafting and cross-linking.
NUMA-aware algorithms: the case of data shuffling. (2013)

In recent years, a new breed of non-uniform memory access (NUMA) systems has emerged: multi-socket servers of multicores. This paper makes the case that data management systems need to employ designs that take into consideration the characteristics of modern NUMA hardware. To prove our point, we focus on a primitive that is used as the building block of numerous data management operations: data shuffling. We perform a comparison of different data shuffling algorithms and show that a na¨ove data shuffling algorithm can be up to 3× slower than the highest performing, NUMAaware one. To achieve the highest performance, we employ a combination of thread binding, NUMA-aware thread allocation, and relaxed global coordination among threads. The importance of such NUMA-aware algorithm designs will only increase, as future server systems are expected to feature ever larger numbers of sockets and increasingly complicated memory subsystems.
Bmi-1 Regulates Extensive Erythroid Self-Renewal (2015)

Red blood cells (RBCs), responsible for oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide exchange, are essential for our well-being. Alternative RBC sources are needed to meet the increased demand for RBC transfusions projected to occur as our population ages. We previously have discovered that erythroblasts derived from the early mouse embryo can self-renew extensively ex vivo for many months. To better understand the mechanisms regulating extensive erythroid self-renewal, global gene expression data sets from self-renewing and differentiating erythroblasts were analyzed and revealed the differential expression of Bmi-1. Bmi-1 overexpression conferred extensive self-renewal capacity upon adult bone-marrow-derived self-renewing erythroblasts, which normally have limited proliferative potential. Importantly, Bmi-1 transduction did not interfere with the ability of extensively self-renewing erythroblasts (ESREs) to terminally mature either in vitro or in vivo. Bmi-1-induced ESREs can serve to generate in vitro models of erythroid-intrinsic disorders and ultimately may serve as a source of cultured RBCs for transfusion therapy.
Formation of Hydrate Slurries in a Once-Through Operation (2012)

The major parameters for a hydrate slurry flow model are suggested. A field trial in a once-through pipeline indicated a significantly confined operating region without plugging. The implication of these results is that current versions of hydrate cold flow will need to address hydrate film growth and deposition on pipewalls. Flow loop tests alone do not simulate the extent of plugging because of film growth or deposition. A unique learning in this work is that emulsified droplet distributions were measured as a function of watercut, surfactant concentration, and fluid velocity. Droplet size and droplet size distribution increased with an increasing watercut below the inversion point. Droplet size and droplet size distribution decreased with an increasing surfactant concentration. An increasing surfactant concentration limited wall deposits to some extent. An increasing fluid velocity reduced wall deposits and hydrate slurry viscosity. Wall deposits decreased with a decreasing gas void fraction.
Immunoassays of human prothrombin species which correlate with functional coagulant activities. (1983)

Specific immunoassays have been developed for forms of human prothrombin that vary in their degree of carboxylation. Human abnormal (des-gamma-carboxyl) prothrombin was isolated in 18% yield from the plasma of a patient treated with warfarin. The purified protein migrated as a single band in electrophoresis and contained an average of three gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues per molecule. A specific antibody subpopulation was isolated from rabbit anti-abnormal prothrombin antiserum by using affinity chromatography. These antibodies, which bound to abnormal prothrombin but which cross-reacted minimally with prothrombin, were used to establish an immunoassay specific for abnormal prothrombin. In parallel, a specific antibody subpopulation, anti-prothrombin: Ca(II), was isolated from rabbit anti-prothrombin antiserum by conformation perturbation affinity chromatography. This antibody, which bound prothrombin but minimally cross-reacted with abnormal prothrombin, was used to establish a specific immunoassay for native prothrombin. An anti-prethrombin 1 subpopulation bound abnormal prothrombin and prothrombin equivalently and was used for an immunoassay that measured total prothrombin. These assays permit the quantitation of abnormal prothrombin and prothrombin in plasma and serum. The level of native prothrombin antigen correlates precisely with the functional prothrombin activity. These assays provide an example of the use of specific antibodies against functionally important antigenic surfaces to monitor properties of coagulation proteins with the precision and reliability of immunoassy.
A GaAs MESFET Balanced Mixer with Very Low Intermodulation, (1987)

A new type of balanced resistive mixer has been realized by using the unbiased channel of a GaAs MESFET as the mixing element. Because this resistance is only very weakly nonlinear, very low intermodulation results. State-of-the-art second-and third-order output intercept points of 34 and 21 dBm are achieved, with 7 dB conversion loss at X band.
Cell-trappable fluorescent probes for endogenous hydrogen sulfide signaling and imaging H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> -dependent H <sub>2</sub> S production (2013)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a reactive small molecule generated in the body that can be beneficial or toxic owing to its potent redox activity. In living systems, disentangling the pathways responsible for H2S production and their physiological and pathological consequences remains a challenge in part due to a lack of methods for monitoring changes in endogenous H2S fluxes. The development of fluorescent probes with appropriate selectivity and sensitivity for monitoring production of H2S at biologically relevant signaling levels offers opportunities to explore its roles in a variety of systems. Here we report the design, synthesis, and application of a family of azide-based fluorescent H2S indicators, Sulfidefluor-4, Sulfidefluor-5 acetoxymethyl ester, and Sulfidefluor-7 acetoxymethyl ester, which offer the unique capability to image H2S generated at physiological signaling levels. These probes are optimized for cellular imaging and feature enhanced sensitivity and cellular retention compared with our previously reported molecules. In particular, Sulfidefluor-7 acetoxymethyl ester allows for direct, real-time visualization of endogenous H2S produced in live human umbilical vein endothelial cells upon stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Moreover, we show that H2S production is dependent on NADPH oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which attenuates VEGF receptor 2 phosphorylation and establishes a link for H2S/H2O2 crosstalk.
Identification of a Linear Peptide Recognized by Monoclonal Antibody 2D7 Capable of Generating CCR5-Specific Antibodies with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Neutralizing Activity (2005)

CCR5 is the major coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2D7, which recognizes a conformation-dependent epitope in the second extracellular loop of CCR5, is one of the most potent inhibitors of R5 virus cell entry. However, attempts to humanize 2D7 for in vivo human use have been unsuccessful so far. A filamentous phage library expressing random peptides was used to identify a peptide mimitope that is recognized by MAb 2D7. A synthetic peptide containing this sequence (2D7-2SK) bound to MAb 2D7 with high affinity and reversed its HIV type 1 (HIV-1) fusion inhibitory activity. The peptide contains sequence homologies to two distal regions of the second extracellular loop of human CCR5, both of which are required for MAb 2D7 binding. Rabbit anti-2D7-mimitope antibodies competed with MAb 2D7 for binding to the 2D7-2SK peptide in Biacore biosensor testing. Importantly, the rabbit anti-2D7-2SK antibodies bound to CCR5 on cells and specifically inhibited R5 (but not X4) envelope-mediated syncytium formation. These antibodies also neutralized infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with R5 HIV isolates comparably to MAb 2D7. In summary, we have identified a novel peptide that closely mimics the MAb 2D7 epitope on CCR5. This peptide could be included as a potential vaccine candidate or to isolate 2D7-like human antibodies as entry inhibitors for R5 viruses.
Single Step Fabrication of Glass Microlenses for Array and Diode Laser Applications (1996)

Recently, a single step technique for the fabrication of microlenses was reported, in which a laser induced thermal runaway process caused a local melting transition near the surface of a semiconductor doped glass. [1] These microlenses were produced on time scales of a fraction of a second and in a single step, a dramatic improvement over conventional fabrication techniques, where multiple processing steps and long processing times are required. Using this method, we have produced micro -elliptical lenses and demonstrated their capability to correct the output of a diode laser. In addition, microlens arrays have been produced using diffractive spot generators to irradiate the glass. Because of heat transfer effects, this approach had to be modified to produced equivalent microlenses throughout the array. The appropriate spot grating phase mask design to generate uniform arrays has been addressed and is also discussed in the work that follows.
Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to a chimpanzee by electrodes contaminated during neurosurgery. (1994)

Stereotactic multicontact electrodes used to probe the cerebral cortex of a middle aged woman with progressive dementia were previously implicated in the accidental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) to two younger patients. The diagnoses of CJD have been confirmed for all three cases. More than two years after their last use in humans, after three cleanings and repeated sterilisation in ethanol and formaldehyde vapour, the electrodes were implanted in the cortex of a chimpanzee. Eighteen months later the animal became ill with CJD. This finding serves to re-emphasise the potential danger posed by reuse of instruments contaminated with the agents of spongiform encephalopathies, even after scrupulous attempts to clean them.
Efficient codebooks for vector quantization image compression with an adaptive tree search algorithm (1994)

This paper discusses some algorithms to be used for the generation of an efficient and robust codebook for vector quantization (VQ). Some of the algorithms reduce the required codebook size by 4 or even 8 b to achieve the same level of performance as some of the popular techniques. This helps in greatly reducing the complexity of codebook generation and encoding. We also present a new adaptive tree search algorithm which improves the performance of any product VQ structure. Our results show an improvement of nearly 3 dB over the fixed rate search algorithm at a bit rate of 0.75 b/pixel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A rapid manual method for CD4+ T-cell quantitation for use in developing countries (1993)

This assay appears to have the potential for the quantitation of CD4 cells in the limited laboratory facilities in developing countries and to have a strong correlation with standard flow cytometric technology.
Mononuclear Pentalene and Methylpentalene Complexes of Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium (1997)

Not only mononuclear complexes having a single pentalene or methylpentalene ligand but also homoleptic complexes with two η8-C8H6 or η8-C8H5CH3 ligands can be formed by titanium, zirconium, and hafnium. The syntheses, which start from the corresponding metallocene dihalides, are particularly simple. The homoleptic pentalene complex 1 reacts with [ZrCl4(thf)2] to form the dichloro complex 2, the first mononuclear “half-sandwich” complex having a pentalene ligand.
A Double-Balanced Quadrature-Input Quadrature-Output Regenerative Frequency Divider for UWB Synthesizer Applications (2008)

This paper presents the design and analysis of a proposed double-balanced quadrature-input quadrature-output (QIQO) regenerative divider for ultra-wideband (UWB) synthesizer applications. By fully utilizing the quadrature phase outputs already existed in a quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) or any other quadrature signal generator (QSG), the proposed QIQO divider provides a mechanism to achieve an output IQ phase sequence that is inherently tracked with the input IQ phase sequence. Moreover, compared with conventional dividers, the QIQO divider provides not only smaller and better-matched input loading to the QSG but also improved quadrature phase accuracy, wider operation range, smaller third harmonics, and lower power consumption. Fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process, the QIQO divider measures an image rejection of -62dBc with a frequency operation range of larger than 18.4% from 8.6 GHz to 10.34 GHz while consuming 7.2 mW at 0.9-V supply.
Ruthenium Purple-Mediated Microelectrode Biosensors Based on Sol−Gel Film (2007)

Ruthenium Purple (RP), an analogue of Prussian Blue, has potentially advantageous electrochemical characteristics. We now demonstrate its use in microelectrode biosensors for the first time. An RP layer was grown on, and remained stably anchored to, the surface of gold microelectrodes at physiological pH ranges. Crucially, it retained its electrochemical activity in sodium-based phosphate buffers. The RP microelectrodes displayed electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at 0 to -50 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). To fabricate biosensors on the RP microelectrodes, we used a sol-gel film electrodeposition technique to create ATP and hypoxanthine biosensors as examples of the methodology. These RP-mediated biosensors displayed excellent performance including the following: high selectivity against interferences such as 5HT, ascorbic acid, urate, and acetaminophen; high sensitivity with wide linear calibration range; and good stability. These attractive characteristics demonstrate that RP can be universally employed as an electron mediator in fabrication of highly selective oxidase-based microelectrode biosensors. Furthermore, given their ability to operate in the presence of physiological levels of Na+, the RP-mediated biosensors can be potentially applied to the in vitro and in vivo measurement of physiological signaling substances.
Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 as gastric cancer tissue markers measured by MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry: implications for infiltrated neutrophils as a tumor target. (2012)

Our results suggest that neutrophil secreted peptides, HNPs 1-3, increased in the GC tissues and could be used as potential biomarkers detected using MALDI-TOF MS, implying that elevated neutrophils may be used as a tumor target for tumor treatment. The binding capacity of HNPs-1 with GC cells implies that tracking molecules conjugated with HNPs-1 could be applied as a specific probe for GC diagnoses.
Parametric investigations of a nonconventional Hall thruster (2001)

Hall thrusters might better scale to low power with nonconventional geometry. A 9 cm cylindrical, ceramic-channel, Hall thruster with a cusp-type magnetic field distribution has been investigated. It exhibits discharge characteristics similar to conventional coaxial Hall thrusters, but does not expose as much channel surface. Significantly, its operation is not accompanied by large amplitude discharge low frequency oscillations.
Basal Cell Carcinoma in Gorlin’s Patients: a Matter of Fibroblasts-Led Protumoral Microenvironment? (2015)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the commonest tumor in human. About 70% sporadic BCCs bear somatic mutations in the PATCHED1 tumor suppressor gene which encodes the receptor for the Sonic Hedgehog morphogen (SHH). PATCHED1 germinal mutations are associated with the dominant Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS), a major hallmark of which is a high susceptibility to BCCs. Although the vast majority of sporadic BCCs arises exclusively in sun exposed skin areas, 40 to 50% BCCs from NBCCS patients develop in non photo-exposed skin. Since overwhelming evidences indicate that microenvironment may both be modified by- and influence the- epithelial tumor, we hypothesized that NBCCS fibroblasts could contribute to BCCs in NBCCS patients, notably those developing in non photo-exposed skin areas. The functional impact of NBCCS fibroblasts was then assessed in organotypic skin cultures with control keratinocytes. Onset of epidermal differentiation was delayed in the presence of primary NBCCS fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, keratinocyte proliferation was severely reduced and showed high levels of nuclear P53 in both organotypic skin cultures and in fibroblast-led conditioning experiments. However, in spite of increased levels of senescence associated β-galactosidase activity in keratinocytes cultured in the presence of medium conditioned by NBCCS fibroblasts, we failed to observe activation of P16 and P21 and then of bona fide features of senescence. Constitutive extinction of P53 in WT keratinocytes resulted in an invasive phenotype in the presence of NBCCS fibroblasts. Finally, we found that expression of SHH was limited to fibroblasts but was dependent on the presence of keratinocytes. Inhibition of SHH binding resulted in improved epidermal morphogenesis. Altogether, these data suggest that the repertoire of diffusible factors (including SHH) expressed by primary NBCCS fibroblasts generate a stress affecting keratinocytes behavior and epidermal homeostasis. Our findings suggest that defects in dermo/epidermal interactions could contribute to BCC susceptibility in NBCCS patients.
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography detection method (1999)

This study demonstrates the potential of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) for non-invasive in vivo detection and characterization of early, incipient caries lesions. PS-OCT generates cross-sectional images of biological tissue while measuring the effect of the tissue on the polarization state of incident light. Clear discrimination between regions of normal and demineralized enamel is first shown in PS-OCT images of bovine enamel blocks containing well-characterized artificial lesions. High-resolution, cross-sectional images of extracted human teeth are then generated that clearly discriminate between the normal and carious regions on both the smooth and occlusal surfaces. Regions of the teeth that appeared to be demineralized in the PS-OCT images were verified using histological thin sections examined under polarized light microscopy. The PS-OCT system discriminates between normal and carious regions by measuring the polarization state of the back-scattered 1310 nm light, which is affected by the state of demineralization of the enamel. Demineralization of enamel increases the scattereing coefficient, thus depolarizing the incident light. This study shows that PS-OCT has great potential for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of incipient caries lesions.
Polyurethanes in medical devices. (1991)

Because of their biocompatible qualities, polyurethanes have found many uses in the medical device field. This article describes several of the better-known polyurethanes and discusses their suitability for use in medical applications such as artificial heart systems, catheters, mammary implants, semiocclusive dressings, and drug delivery systems. The adoption and use of these materials by the medical community is likely to increase as new formulations are developed.
An 8-Channel Scalable EEG Acquisition SoC With Patient-Specific Seizure Classification and Recording Processor (2012)

An 8-channel scalable EEG acquisition SoC is presented to continuously detect and record patient-specific seizure onset activities from scalp EEG. The SoC integrates 8 high-dynamic range Analog Front-End (AFE) channels, a machine-learning seizure classification processor and a 64 KB SRAM. The classification processor exploits the Distributed Quad-LUT filter architecture to minimize the area while also minimizing the overhead in power × delay . The AFE employs a Chopper-Stabilized Capacitive Coupled Instrumentation Amplifier to show NEF of 5.1 and noise RTI of 0.91 μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> for 0.5-100 Hz bandwidth. The classification processor adopts a support-vector machine as a classifier, with a GBW controller that gives real-time gain and bandwidth feedback to AFE to maintain accuracy. The SoC is verified with the Children's Hospital Boston-MIT EEG database as well as with rapid eye blink pattern detection test. The SoC is implemented in 0.18 μm 1P6M CMOS process occupying 25 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and it shows an accuracy of 84.4% in eye blink classification test, at 2.03 μJ/classification energy efficiency. The 64 KB on chip memory can store up to 120 seconds of raw EEG data.
‘Staggering switch’: an ‘almost-all’ optical packet switch (1992)

An ‘almost-all’ optical packet switch architecture is presented, based on two rearrangeably nonblocking stages interconnected by optical delay lines with different amounts of delay. Probability of loss as a function of link use and the size of the switch is investigated. In general, with proper setting of the number of delay lines, the switch can achieve arbitrarily low probability of loss.
Safety and immunogenicity of meningococcus serogroup C conjugate vaccine administered as a primary or booster vaccination to healthy four-year-old children (2002)

Infant immunization with Men C produced persistent antibody and immunologic memory at 4 years. All children made IgG antibodies after a first dose at this age, with 80% showing bactericidal activity. Clarification of the best measures of Men C vaccine-induced protection is needed, through correlation of immunogenicity data such as this with UK vaccine efficacy estimates.