gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DSG3 Facilitates Cancer Cell Growth and Invasion through the DSG3-Plakoglobin-TCF/LEF-Myc/Cyclin D1/MMP Signaling Pathway (2013)

Desmoglein 3 (DSG3) is a component of the desmosome, which confers strong cell-cell adhesion. Previously, an oncogenic function of DSG3 has been found in head neck cancer (HNC). Here, we investigated how this molecule contributes to the malignant phenotype. Because DSG3 is associated with plakoglobin, we examined whether these phenotypic alterations were mediated through the plakoglobin molecule. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining revealed that DSG3 silencing disrupted its interaction with plakoglobin and induced plakoglobin translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Knockdown of DSG3 significantly increased the interaction of plakoglobin with the transcriptional factor TCF and suppressed the TCF/LEF transcriptional activity. These effects further conferred to reduced expression of the TCF/LEF downstream target genes, including c-myc, cyclin D1, and MMP-7. Functional analyses showed that DSG3 silencing reduced cell growth and arrested cells at G0/G1 phase. Besides, cell migration and invasion abilities were also decreased. These cellular results were confirmed using tumor xenografts in mice, as DSG3 silencing led to the suppressed tumor growth, plakoglobin translocation and reduced expression of TCF/LEF target genes in tumors. Therefore, our study shows that the desmosomal protein DSG3 additionally functions to regulate malignant phenotypes via nuclear signaling. In conclusion, we found that DSG3 functions as an oncogene and facilitates cancer growth and invasion in HNC cells through the DSG3-plakoglobin-TCF/LEF pathway.
Storable Slurries and Their Use in Oil and Gas Well Cementing (2003)

Abstract This paper presents the concept of the Storable Slag Slurry, a zonal isolation system which can be prepared in advance, stored and transported to the rigsite at anytime, without setting time concerns. The compositions contain blast furnace slag to be used in water-based fluids as the hydraulic material, in the absence of set inhibitors. The slurry can be stored in liquid state from 3 days up to several months, at room temperature, depending on its composition. There are two basic methods of preparing the Storable Slag Slurry. In both it is possible to avoid using the single batch (a so-called batch-mixer) saving money and to maintain good homogeneity of the slurry, and consequently, the uniform physical properties (density, compressive strength, etc.) in all its volume.
Genomic Determinants of Cardiovirulence in Coxsackievirus B3 Clinical Isolates: Localization to the 5′ Nontranslated Region (2000)

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infections can cause myocarditis in humans and are implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. The natural genetic determinants of cardiovirulence for CVB3 have not been identified, although using strains engineered in the laboratory, cardiovirulence determinants have been identified in the CVB3 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) and capsid. The myocarditic phenotypes of two CVB3 clinical isolates were determined using an established murine model of inflammatory heart disease. The 5'NTRs and capsid proteins of the noncardiovirulent CVB3/CO strain and cardiovirulent CVB3/AS strain were examined to determine their influence on the cardiovirulence phenotype. Six intratypic chimeric viruses were constructed in which 5'NTR and capsid sequences of the infectious cDNA copy of the cardiovirulent CVB3/20 genome were replaced by homologous sequences from CVB3/CO or CVB3/AS. Chimeric strains were tested for cardiovirulence by inoculation of C3H/HeJ mice. Sections of hearts removed at 10 days postinoculation were examined for evidence of myocarditis by light microscopy and assayed for the presence of virus. Replacement of the CVB3/20 capsid coding region by that from the homologous region of CVB3/CO resulted in no change in the cardiovirulent CVB3/20 phenotype, with virus recoverable from the heart at 10 days postinoculation. However, recombinant virus containing the CVB3/CO 5'NTR alone or the 5'NTR and capsid sequences together were not myocarditic, and infectious virus was not recovered from the myocardium. Chimeric viruses containing the CVB3/AS 5'NTR alone, capsid sequence alone, or both together preserved the myocarditic phenotype. These data support the 5'NTR as the primary site in the determination of the natural cardiovirulence phenotype of CVB3.
Compact Wideband Phase Shifter Using Microstrip Self-Coupled Line and Broadside-Coupled Microstrip/CPW for Multiphase Feed-Network (2017)

In this letter, a compact wideband phase shifter using a microstrip self-coupled line and a broadside-coupled microstrip/CPW (BCMC) structure is proposed for multiphase feed-network. With a uniform phase reference, such a phase shifter can achieve multiphase responses by adjusting instinct self- and broadside couplings for constant phase shifts within a wideband. Then, with the combination of proposed phase shifters and a microstrip Wilkinson power divider, a multiphase feed-network can be implemented. To verify the mechanisms mentioned earlier, a wideband feed-network is fabricated with measured multiphase responses (i.e., 0°, 5.625°, 11.25°, 22.5°, 45°, 90°, and 180°) and maximum insertion loss of 1.57 dB from 1.7 to 2.3 GHz.
III-nitride-based planar lightwave circuits for long wavelength optical communications (2005)

Planar lightwave circuits based on III-nitride wide-bandgap semiconductors are proposed and the feasibility of developing III-nitride-based novel photonic integrated circuits for applications in fiber-optical communications is discussed. III-nitrides have low attenuation in the near-infrared wavelength region because of their wide bandgaps, while as semiconductors their refractive indexes can be modulated by carrier injection. III-nitrides are also well known for their ability to operate at high temperatures, high power levels and in harsh environments. These characteristics make III-nitrides ideal candidates for tunable optical phased-array (PHASAR) devices for optical communications. We have characterized the optical properties of Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N epilayers in the 1550-nm wavelength region, including the refractive indexes and the impact of Al concentrations. Single-mode ridged optical waveguide devices using GaN-AlGaN heterostructures have been designed, fabricated and characterized for operation in the 1550-nm wavelength window. The birefringence of wurtzite GaN grown on sapphire substrate has been observed. Refractive indexes were found to be different for signal optical field perpendicular and parallel to the crystal c axis (n/sub /spl perp// /spl ne/ n/sub ///). More importantly, we found an approximately 10% change in the index difference /spl Delta/n=n/sub ///-n/sub /spl perp// with varying the waveguide orientation within the c plane, and a 60/spl deg/ periodicity was clearly observed. This is attributed to the hexagonal structure of the nitride materials. Various functional waveguide devices have been realized, including 2/spl times/2 directional couplers and eight-wavelength array-waveguide gratings. Theoretical predictions of temperature sensitivity and the efficiency of carrier-induced refractive change are provided.
Orbital-Angular-Momentum Multiplexing for High-Capacity Free-Space Optical Communications (2015)

Beams can carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), and different amounts of OAM can define a set of orthogonal modes. This presentation will highlight advances in using multiplexing of multiple OAM beams in free-space communications to increase capacity and spectral efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE TRIAZOLO(5,1‐A)(2,4)BENZODIAZEPINE RING SYSTEM (1979)

Abstract p‐Chlorbenzonitril (I) reagiert mit dem N‐Amino‐triazol (II) in Gegenwart von NaH zu einem Addukt (III), das mit Acetanhydrid zu einem Triazol (IVa) umlagert.
Factors Affecting Transposition of the Himar1 mariner Transposon in Vitro (1998)

Mariner family transposable elements are widespread in animals, but their regulation is poorly understood, partly because only two are known to be functional. These are particular copies of the Dmmar1 element from Drosophila mauritiana, for example, Mos1, and the consensus sequence of the Himar1 element from the horn fly, Haematobia irritans. An in vitro transposition system was refined to investigate several parameters that influence the transposition of Himar1. Transposition products accumulated linearly over a period of 6 hr. Transposition frequency increased with temperature and was dependent on Mg2+ concentration. Transposition frequency peaked over a narrow range of transposase concentration. The decline at higher concentrations, a phenomenon observed in vivo with Mos1, supports the suggestion that mariners may be regulated in part by "overproduction inhibition." Transposition frequency decreased exponentially with increasing transposon size and was affected by the sequence of the flanking DNA of the donor site. A noticeable bias in target site usage suggests a preference for insertion into bent or bendable DNA sequences rather than any specific nucleotide sequences beyond the TA target site.
Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Sensing of High Hydrostatic Pressure Utilizing Optical Fibers (1991)

Abstract A new method of sensing high hydrostatic pressure utilizing cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLCs) as a sensing element and optical fibers for communication with the high-pressure region is proposed and demonstrated the concept exploits the effect of pressure-induced changes in the peak light-reflection wavelength observed in ChLCs. Measurements were performed on an encapsulated ChLC sample obtained by dispersion of a mixture consisting of nematic-host phase with cholesteryl oleyl carbonate and cholesteryl nanoate in a polymer matrix. We used multimode optical fibers for guiding the light to the ChLC sensing element and for transmitting the selectively reflected signal from the cholesteric layers to a detector. The ChLC sample with the optical fibers was placed inside a high-pressure chamber equipped with a fiber-optic leadthrough system, designed to sustain pressure up to 200 MPa. As a result we obtained a set of pressure and temperature characteristics of the device clearly demonstrating its pressure-sensing potential. A brief discussion of the high-pressure and temperature effects in the ChLC sample is also presented in the paper. The construction of a high-pressure sensor based on advanced technology for preparing of ChLCs and exploiting the attractiveness of fiber-optic techniques is proposed. Key Words: cholestericpressure effectoptical fibers
ChemInform Abstract: A New System for Catalytic Enantioselective Reduction of Achiral Ketones to Chiral Alcohols. Synthesis of Chiral α‐Hydroxy Acids. (1990)

Abstract The ketones (I) are reduced with catecholborane in the presence of an oxazaborolidine catalyst to form the (R)‐alcohols (II) with high enantioselectivity.
Improving vector vortex waveplates for high-contrast coronagraphy (2013)

Vector vortex waveplates (VVWs) open the door to new techniques in stellar coronagraphy and optical communications, but the performance of currently available liquid-crystal-polymer-based VVWs tends to be limited by defects in the axial region of the vortex pattern. As described here, several steps allow for a reduction in the size of such axial defects, including the use of photoalignment materials with high photosensitivity and reversible response, and a reduction in exposure energy. Moreover, redistributing the writing beam's intensity from the axial region to its periphery (using a VVW) allows the production of large area VVWs with a small defect area. Finally, using VVWs as linear to axial polarization converters allows producing VVWs of higher topological charge, while also reducing the photoalignment time to a few minutes. These steps have allowed the fabrication of VVWs with topological charges of 1 and 2 with central defect sizes below 3 μm.
Population pharmacokinetics of transdermal fentanyl solution following a single dose administered prior to soft tissue and orthopedic surgery in dogs (2012)

A novel, long-acting transdermal fentanyl solution (TFS) that delivers sustained plasma fentanyl concentrations following a single application for the control of postoperative pain has recently been approved for use in dogs. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of this formulation have been evaluated in healthy laboratory dogs, but they have not been reported in a clinical population of dogs for which it is indicated. Plasma fentanyl concentrations were determined from 215 dogs following a single, small-volume (∼50 μL/kg) dose of TFS administered 2-4 h prior to orthopedic or soft tissue surgery. A population PK model was fit, and a 1-compartment open PK model with first-order absorption and an absorption lag-time best described the data. No tested clinical covariates had a significant effect on the PKs. The final model adequately described the population PKs and gave results consistent with laboratory PK studies in healthy dogs. The PKs were primarily characterized by a rapid initial increase in plasma fentanyl concentrations and a long terminal half-life of 74.0 (95% C.I. [54.7-113]) h governed by flip-flop kinetics for the typical subject. The plasma fentanyl concentrations were sustained over days in the range considered to be analgesic for postoperative pain in dogs.
A template matching approach for segmenting microscopy images (2012)

We describe a generic method for segmenting microscopy images based on supervised statistical modeling. The idea is to utilize example input segmentations to learn a statistical model of the shape and texture of the structures to be segmented. Segmentation of a test image then can be performed by maximizing the normalized cross correlation between the model and neighborhoods in the test image, followed by a final adjustment that utilizes nonrigid registration. We demonstrate the application of the method in segmenting several types of microscopy images of cells and nuclei.
Guided wave-based system for real-time cure monitoring of composites using piezoelectric discs and phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings (2018)

A real-time, in-process cure monitoring system employing a guided wave-based concept for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites was developed. The system included a single piezoelectric disc that was bonded to the surface of the composite for excitation, and an embedded phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PS-FBG) for sensing. The PS-FBG almost simultaneously measured both quasi-static strain and the ultrasonic guided wave-based signals throughout the cure cycle. A traditional FBG was also used as a base for evaluating the high sensitivity of the PS-FBG sensor. Composite physical properties (degree of cure and glass transition temperature) were correlated to the amplitude and time of arrival of the guided wave-based measurements during the cure cycle. In addition, key state transitions (gelation and vitrification) were identified from the experimental data. The physical properties and state transitions were validated using cure process modeling software (e.g., RAVEN®). This system demonstrated the capability of using an embedded PS-FBG to sense a wide bandwidth of signals during cure. The distinct advantages of a fiber optic-based system include multiplexing of multiple gratings along a single optical fiber, small size compared to piezoelectric sensors, ability to embed or surface mount, utilization in harsh environments, electrically passive operation, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity. The embedded PS-FBG fiber optic sensor can monitor the entire life-cycle of the composite structure from curing, post-cure/assembly, and in-service creating "smart structures".
A Smartphone-Based Tool for Rapid, Portable, and Automated Wide-Field Retinal Imaging (2018)

Enhancement of smartphone-based retinal imaging through automation and software intelligence holds great promise for increasing the accessibility of retinal screening.
Simultaneous Distributed Acoustic and Temperature Sensing Using a Multimode Fiber (2020)

Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) and distributed temperature sensor (DTS) are considerably important for many applications. Itis challenging to design a hybrid DAS-DTS system using the same optical fiber because the operation principles of the two sensors are different. We here deploy the widespread standard multimode fiber (MMF) for simultaneous distributed acoustic and temperature sensing. In particular, we operate the MMF in a quasi-single-mode (QSM) state to simultaneously fulfill the functionality requirements of the DAS and DTS. The reported design offers simultaneous vibration and temperature monitoring with high accuracy. In particular, the DAS has a 12.98 dB mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the DTS offers temperature measurements with ±1 °C accuracy. This technique is significant for many industrial applications because it efficiently tackles a long-standing issue in practical implementation.
Semisynthetic cephalosporins. III. Synthesis and structure activity relationships of novel orally active 7-[4-hydroxy-3-(substituted methyl)phenyl]-acetamido-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acids. (1980)

A family of novel optically active α-amino-3-substituted-methyl-4-hydroxy benzene acetic acids (3) have been prepared. A number of these amino acids were converted to a group of cephalosporins (12). Compound 12A showed the most interesting activity in vitro and in vivo, primarily against Gram-positive organisms and was shown to be well absorbed orally.
Towards automatic functional test execution (2012)

As applications are developed, functional tests ensure they continue to function as expected. Nowadays, functional testing is mostly done manually, with human testers verifying a system's functionality themselves, following hand-written instructions. While there exist tools supporting functional test automation, in practice they are hard to use, require programming skills, and do not provide good support for test maintenance. In this paper, we take an alternative approach: we semi-automatically convert hand-written instructions into automated tests. Our approach consists of two stages: first, employing machine learning and natural language processing to compute an intermediate representation from test steps; and second, interactively disambiguating that representation to create a fully automated test. These two stages comprise a complete system for converting hand-written functional tests into automated tests. We also present a quantitative study analyzing the effectiveness of our approach. Our results show that 70% of manual test steps can be automatically converted to automated test steps with no user intervention.
A Two-Stage ADC Architecture With VCO-Based Second Stage (2011)

This brief describes the design of a two-stage analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based second stage. The advantages of quantizing the first-stage residue in time domain versus traditional voltage domain are presented. The dc gain requirement of the first-stage residue amplifier is relaxed by reference-scaling and reference-recycling schemes. This enables the use of a very simple telescopic cascode amplifier in the gain stage. The second-stage VCO linearity is improved by a differential measurement of VCO frequency. Power consumption in the second stage is reduced by time-to-digital conversion for fine quantization of the VCO phase. Simulation results are presented for the design of a 13-bit 20-Msps ADC in 65-nm CMOS process. The estimated power dissipation of this converter is less than 1 mW.
Automatic Color Correction based on Generic Content Based Image Analysis (2001)

In this paper, we present a novel concept of color correction for consumer digital still camera (DSC) images. This concept is based on a hierarchical Bayesian image content analysis consisting of feature extraction and unsupervised clustering and on a set of color correction algorithms that have been optimized on the obtained characteristic image classes. Since the concept uses Bayesian inference to combine several color correction results, further available information (e.g., obtained from camera metadata) can be easily integrated into the color correction process.
Semiconductor-based Multilayer Selective Solar Absorber for Unconcentrated Solar Thermal Energy Conversion (2017)

Solar thermal energy conversion has attracted substantial renewed interest due to its applications in industrial heating, air conditioning, and electricity generation. Achieving stagnation temperatures exceeding 200 °C, pertinent to these technologies, with unconcentrated sunlight requires spectrally selective absorbers with exceptionally low emissivity in the thermal wavelength range and high visible absorptivity for the solar spectrum. In this Communication, we report a semiconductor-based multilayer selective absorber that exploits the sharp drop in optical absorption at the bandgap energy to achieve a measured absorptance of 76% at solar wavelengths and a low emittance of approximately 5% at thermal wavelengths. In field tests, we obtain a peak temperature of 225 °C, comparable to that achieved with state-of-the-art selective surfaces. With straightforward optimization to improve solar absorption, our work shows the potential for unconcentrated solar thermal systems to reach stagnation temperatures exceeding 300 °C, thereby eliminating the need for solar concentrators for mid-temperature solar applications such as supplying process heat.
Recent Progress in Microtribology. Micro-tribology of Magnetic Recording Disks. (1998)

Recording density of magnetic disks has markedly increased as much as 60% a year by decreasing spacing between a magnetic disk and a magnetic head. Micro-tribology is the most significant science and technology to improve mechanical reliability of ultrahigh recording disks. This report will introduce a tribological approach to analyze the phenomena at the interface between the head and the disk.
Silicon epitaxy from silane by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition at low temperatures (1992)

Epitaxial silicon has been grown in an ultraclean system at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures (650–750 °C) using silane as a Si source in a He carrier gas. The depositions were nonselective (blanket) and demonstrate the broad capabilities of the low-temperature atmospheric-pressure growth apparatus that has previously been used for selective deposition of Si and SiGe from dichlorosilane (DCS) in H2. n-type doping using PH3 was also carried out and doping levels exceeding 1×1020/cm3 were obtained. However, abrupt doping pulses, as have been obtained for Si growth from DCS in the same temperature regime, were not achieved. In addition, PH3 was found to diminish the growth rate and degrade the crystal quality of the layers. The films grown from silane exhibited higher levels of oxygen at the interface between the epitaxial layer and the substrate than did films grown from DCS in the same temperature range. However, high quality films, free from extended defects, as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), could still be achieved.
Fourier domain design of microgrid imaging polarimeters with improved spatial resolution (2014)

Microgrid polarimetric imagers sacrifice spatial resolution for sensitivity to states of linear polarization. We have recently shown that a 2 × 4 microgrid analyzer pattern sacrifices less spatial resolution than the conventional 2× 2 case without compromising polarization sensitivity. In this paper, we discuss the design strategy that uncovered the spatial resolution benefits of the 2 × 4 array.