gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GFP-complementation assay to detect functional CPP and protein delivery into living cells (2015)

Efficient cargo uptake is essential for cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) therapeutics, which deliver widely diverse cargoes by exploiting natural cell processes to penetrate the cell's membranes. Yet most current CPP activity assays are hampered by limitations in assessing uptake, including confounding effects of conjugated fluorophores or ligands, indirect read-outs requiring secondary processing, and difficulty in discriminating internalization from endosomally trapped cargo. Split-complementation Endosomal Escape (SEE) provides the first direct assay visualizing true cytoplasmic-delivery of proteins at biologically relevant concentrations. The SEE assay has minimal background, is amenable to high-throughput processes, and adaptable to different transient and stable cell lines. This split-GFP-based platform can be useful to study transduction mechanisms, cellular imaging, and characterizing novel CPPs as pharmaceutical delivery agents in the treatment of disease.
Selection diversity in multiple antenna systems with matrix modulation (2004)

Scheduling between several users introduces selection diversity and changes the statistics of the channel. Therefore, the problem of choosing the best user/transmission scheme in multiuser MIMO systems needs to be addressed. This work presents the selection diversity in multiple antenna systems with matrix modulation.
On importance of nose for face tracking (2003)

Human nose, while being in many cases the only facial feature clearly visible during the head motion, seems to be very undervalued in face tracking technology. This paper shows theoretically and by experiments conducted with ordinary USB cameras that, by properly defining nose as an extremum of the 3D curvature of the nose surface, nose becomes the most robust feature which can be seen for almost any position of the head and which can be tracked very precisely, even with low resolution cameras.
Patient-specific modeling of left heart anatomy, dynamics and hemodynamics from high resolution 4D CT (2010)

There is a growing need for patient-specific cardiac models for intervention planning, outcome prediction or assessment of cardiac disease progression. However, most of the recent work in cardiovascular simulation relies on generic heart models built from at most one cardiac phase with simplified motion, driven by fluid dynamics equations. We propose to advance the state-of-the-art by exploiting a comprehensive, patient-specific left heart model extracted from 4D Computed Tomography (CT) data. Explicit physiological constrains are captured in the modeling of the left ventricle (including outflow tract), left atrium (including pulmonary veins), mitral valve, and aortic valve (including ascending aorta). By using this patient-specific model as an input to a 3D Navier-Stokes solver we derive realistic hemodynamics, constrained by the local anatomy, along the entire heart cycle. We present a differential assessment of the flow dynamics corresponding to specific heart conditions. The simulation results shed light upon the functional differences between one normal and two diseased hearts - one with a dilated aortic root and one with a bicuspid aortic valve.
Identification of a cell-surface antigen (LEA.135) associated with favorable prognosis in human breast cancer. (1993)

The present study was undertaken with a rationale that loss of certain "normal tissue" antigens might have prognostic significance, reflecting inactivation of the corresponding genes during neoplastic progression. An attempt was made to identify such antigens by means of generating monoclonal antibodies using a tolerization/immunization procedure. A monoclonal antibody generated by immunization of BALB/c mice with normal breast tissue extract, following prior tolerization with mammary carcinoma cells, recognized a cell-surface glycoprotein, luminal epithelial antigen, with an apparent molecular weight of 135,000 (LEA.135). The pattern of expression on LEA.135 was determined by immunohistochemical-staining techniques on frozen and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. LEA.135 was demonstrable on the apical plasma membrane of normal and nonneoplastic epithelial cells in breast and other tissues. Studies have shown that LEA.135 is distinct from receptors for epidermal growth factor and from known antigens associated with epithelial cells, including the family of keratins. In a retrospective study, with a follow-up ranging from 5 to 15 years, patients whose breast tumor cells expressed LEA.135 had a superior overall survival rate (78 0.139% at > 5 years; P = 0.025). Furthermore, in patients with histologically poorly differentiated tumors, LEA.135-positive cases had a better prognosis (80 0.179% at > 5 years; P = 0.013) compared with LEA.135-negative cases. In addition, in patients with aneuploid tumors, LEA.135-positive cases again showed an improved survival (90 0.001% at > 5 years; P = 0.039) compared with those that were with LEA.135 negative. The results suggest that the expression of LEA.135 provides a useful indication of clinical outcome in patients with breast carcinomas.
SiC-Based Schottky Diode Gas Sensors (1998)

Silicon carbide based Schottky diode gas sensors are being developed for high temperature applications such as emission measurements. Two different types of gas sensitive diodes will be discussed in this paper. By varying the structure of the diode, one can affect the diode stability as well as the diode sensitivity to various gases. It is concluded that the ability of SiC to operate as a high temperature semiconductor significantly enhances the versatility of the Schottky diode gas sensing structure and will potentially allow the fabrication of a SiC-based gas sensor arrays for versatile high temperature gas sensing applications.
Peptide hormones. 137. Structural requirements in positions 1, 2, 3, and 6 of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) for antiovulatory activity (1979)

Sixteen analogues of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) were synthesized by the solid-phase method. In new and surprising relationships, it was found that the substitution of D-Trp into position 3 of [D- less than Glu1,D-Phe2,amino acid3,D-Phe6]-LH-RH significantly enhanced the antiovulatory potency, but substitution by Pro, N-Me-Phe,N-Me-Leu, or L-Trp reduced antiovulatory activity. The substitution of L- less than Glu in position 1 of [D-Phe2,Pro3,D-Phe6]-LH-RH by cyclohexylcarbonyl (Chc), benzoyl (Bz), Ac, Hyp, Ac-Met, hydrogen, Pro, and D- less than Glu residues, and the substitution of D-Phe in position 2 by D-Trp, D-His, D-Phg, and L-Phe residues resulted in analogues with no antiovulatory activity at 750 microgram/rat. Structural requirements for the design of inhibitors of higher potency have been discussed.
Superconducting single-photon detectors for GHz-rate free-space quantum communications (2002)

We report our studies on the performance of new NbN ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our SSPDs exhibit experimentally measured quantum efficiencies from ~ 5% at wavelength λ = 1550 nm up to ~10% at λ = 405 nm, with exponential, activation-energy-type spectral sensitivity dependence in the 0.4-μm - 3-μm wavelength range. Using a variable optical delay setup, we have shown that our NbN SSPDs can resolve optical photons with a counting rate up to 10 GHz, presently limited by the read-out electronics. The measured device jitter was below 35 ps under optimum biasing conditions. The extremely high photon counting rate, together with relatively high (especially for λ > 1 μm) quantum efficiency, low jitter, and very low dark counts, make NbN SSPDs very promising for free-space communications and quantum cryptography.
Lifting polarization degeneracy of modes by fiber design: a platform for polarization-insensitive microbend fiber gratings (2005)

Polarization dependence in microbend gratings is an inherent problem, even in perfectly circular fibers, since antisymmetric modes are almost degenerate linear combinations of four distinct, polarization-sensitive modes. We demonstrate a novel fiber design that lifts polarization degeneracies of the antisymmetric modes to solve this problem. By intentionally exacerbating the polarization splittings, we achieve coupling to only the polarization-insensitive doublet, over wavelength ranges exceeding 100 nm, thus demonstrating a device with practical usable bandwidths. This allows all previous applications envisaged with UV-induced long-period gratings to be realized with the significantly lower-cost microbend technology platform.
Broadband circularly-polarised Spidron fractal slot antenna (2008)

A broadband circularly-polarised fractal antenna is proposed, designed, and tested. The concept of a novel Spidron fractal system is employed to achieve both broadband and circular-polarisation characteristics. Presented is the first known application of a Spidron fractal to antenna design. A simple 50 Ω microstrip line is used to excite the Spidron-shaped slot. The total dimensions of the fabricated antenna are 40×40×1.52 mm3. The measured −10 dB return loss bandwidth and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are 78.3 and 15.2%, respectively. The peak gain of the antenna is 4.3 dBi.
Real-time Eulerian water simulation using a restricted tall cell grid (2011)

We present a new Eulerian fluid simulation method, which allows real-time simulations of large scale three dimensional liquids. Such scenarios have hitherto been restricted to the domain of off-line computation. To reduce computation time we use a hybrid grid representation composed of regular cubic cells on top of a layer of tall cells. With this layout water above an arbitrary terrain can be represented without consuming an excessive amount of memory and compute power, while focusing effort on the area near the surface where it most matters. Additionally, we optimized the grid representation for a GPU implementation of the fluid solver. To further accelerate the simulation, we introduce a specialized multi-grid algorithm for solving the Poisson equation and propose solver modifications to keep the simulation stable for large time steps. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach in several real-world scenarios, all running above 30 frames per second on a modern GPU. Some scenes include additional features such as two-way rigid body coupling as well as particle representations of sub-grid detail.
Involvement of a Human Endogenous Retrovirus in Breast Cancer (2001)

Abstract : The genomic DNA of a subset of humans contains an endogenous retrovirus closely related to mouse mammary tumor virus (MWTV) . Our overall goal is to determine whether the human mammary tumor virus (HMTV) sequences are involved in a subset of human breast cancers. The first specific aim of this proposal is to recruit and clinically characterize cohorts of breast cancer and appropriate control patients. In studies proposed in the second specific aim, we will identify and sequence HMTV nucleic acids in breast cancer tissue, control tissue, and blood of patients from our cohorts. We will also determine the incidence of HMTV in these various control populations, and compare the sequences of several HMTV genes from different individuals to determine the extent of genetic variability. The third specific aim is to construct DNA or cDNA libraries from tissues positive for HMTV proviruses. In studies under specific aim four, we propose to express HMTV proteins in an insect cell system, which allows stable expression of recombinant proteins, and to characterize the immunological reactions of breast cancer patients and controls against HMTV proteins. If a definitive link is established, HMTV will provide a target for vaccine development and breast cancer therapy.
A Rapid Attachment of Strain Gages (1986)

Hand-held toroidal gun concentrates heat in localized area. New method for bonding film gages eliminates time-consuming oven curing Hand-held gun, operates on induction heating to concentrate heat in localized area. Ferritic plate added for low-reluctance or no-reluctance surfaces.
Butenolide Endothelin Antagonists with Improved Aqueous Solubility (1999)

Continued development around our ETA-selective endothelin (ET) antagonist 1 (CI-1020) has led to the synthesis of analogues with improved aqueous solubility profiles. Poor solubility characteristics displayed by 1 required a complex buffered formulation in order to conduct iv studies. To overcome the use of specific iv formulations for preclinical studies on additional drug candidates, analogues with improved aqueous solubility were desired. Several analogues were synthesized with substitution patterns that allowed for the formation of either acid or base addition salts. These derivatives had dramatically improved aqueous solubility. In addition, these analogues retained equivalent or improved ETA receptor selectivity and antagonist potency, versus 1, both in vitro and in vivo. Compound 29, which contains as a substituent the sodium salt of a sulfonic acid, has an ETA IC50 = 0.38 nM, ETA selectivity of 4200-fold, and ETA functional activity of KB = 7.8, all of which are similar or superior to those of 1. Compound 29 also has vastly superior aqueous solubility and solubility duration, compared to 1. Furthermore, 29 after iv infusion displays improved activity to 1 in preventing acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats with an ED50 = 0.3 microg/kg/h.
High performance optical wavelength shifter (1992)

A broadband (>50 nm) wavelength shifter capable of switching multigigabit data between optical frequencies in the 1.5 μm region is presented. The device, based on gain saturation in a semiconductor optical amplifier, is tunable, has gain, and is nearly polarisation insensitive. Data degradation after wavelength shifting is negligible.
Nonlinear analysis of EEG for epileptic seizures (1995)

We apply chaotic time series analysis (CTSA) to human electroencephalogram (EEG) data. Three epoches were examined: epileptic seizure, non-seizure, and transition from non-seizure to seizure. The CTSA tools were applied to four forms of these data: raw EEG data (e-data), artifact data (f-data) via application of a quadratic zero-phase filter of the raw data, artifact-filtered data (g- data) and that was the residual after subtracting f-data from e-data, and a low-pass-filtered version (h-data) of g-data. Two different seizures were analyzed for the same patient. Several nonlinear measures uniquely indicate an epileptic seizure in both cases, including an abrupt decrease in the time per wave cycle in f-data, an abrupt increase in the Kolmogorov entropy and in the correlation dimension for e-h data, and an abrupt increase in the correlation dimension for e-h data. The transition from normal to seizure state also is characterized by distinctly different trends in the nonlinear measures for each seizure and may be potential seizure predictors for this patient. Surrogate analysis of e-data shows that statistically significant nonlinear structure is present during the non-seizure, transition , and seizure epoches.
Low-EC-Content Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Li-Ion Cells (2003)

Electrolytes comprising LiPF6 dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 M in three different mixtures of alkyl carbonates have been found well suited for use in rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells at low temperatures. These and other electrolytes have been investigated in continuing research directed toward extending the lower limit of practical operating temperatures of Li-ion cells down to -60 C. This research at earlier stages was reported in numerous previous NASA Tech Briefs articles, the three most recent being Ethyl Methyl Carbonate as a Cosolvent for Lithium-Ion (NPO-20605), Vol. 25, Low-EC-Content Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Li-Ion Cells No. 6 (June 2001), page 53; Pyrocarbonate Electrolyte Additives for Li-Ion (NPO-20775), Vol. 26, No. 5 (May 2002), page 37; and Fluorinated Alkyl Carbonates as Cosolvents in Li-Ion Cells (NPO-21076), Vol. 26, No. 5 (May 2002), page 38. The present solvent mixtures, in terms of volume proportions of their ingredients, are 1 ethylene carbonate (EC) + 1 diethyl carbonate (DEC) + 1 dimethyl carbonate (DMC) + 3 ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC); 3EC + 3DMC + 14EMC; and 1EC + 1DEC + 1DMC + 4EMC. Relative to similar mixtures reported previously, the present mixtures, which contain smaller proportions of EC, have been found to afford better performance in experimental Li-ion cells at temperatures < -20 C.
Simultaneous determination of the thermal expansion coefficient and the elastic modulus of Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>thin film using phase shifting interferometry (2000)

Abstract This paper reports on the application of a phase shifting interferometry technique for the concurrent measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient αf and the elastic modulus Ef /1 - Vf of Ta2O5 thin film. The Ta2O5 films were prepared by ion beam sputter deposition. The stresses in the thin films were measured with the phase shifting interferometry technique using two types of circular discs with known thermal expansion coefficients, Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios. The temperature-dependent stress behaviour of Ta2O5 films was obtained by heating samples in the range from room temperature to 70°C. The internal stresses of Ta2O5 thin films deposited on the BK-7 and Pyrex glass substrates were plotted against the stress measurement temperature, showing a linear dependence. From the slopes of the two lines in the stress versus temperature plot, the thermal expansion coefficient and the elastic modulus of Ta2O5 thin film are then calculated.
Modulation of Cellular Invasion by VEGF-C Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2008)

These studies demonstrate that intracellular VEGF-C levels modulate in vitro SCCHN motility and invasion. Further work is needed to clarify the specific receptors and signaling pathways that are involved in SCCHN motility. Molecular therapies that inhibit the VEGF-C pathway may have clinical potential in the treatment of lymphatic metastasis in SCCHN.
Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis in normal and cancerous tissue of the nasopharynx—preliminary findings (2003)

Spectral differences appear to exist between normal and cancerous nasopharyngeal tissue. The ability to obtain spectra rapidly supports the potential for future in vivo application.
Silica Nanoarchitectures Incorporating Self-Organized Protein Superstructures with Gas-Phase Bioactivity (2003)

We have encapsulated self-organized protein superstructures containing cytochrome c into a mesoporous silica-based nanoarchitecture. The protein superstructure, nucleated by colloidal gold in buffered medium and nanoglued with silica sol, remains intact upon supercritical drying of the wet composite gel and exhibits rapid gas-phase recognition of NO. We posit that specific adsorption of the heme edge at nanoparticulate Au creates a high radius-of-curvature nanoscale hybrid that induces protein−protein self-directed assembly. We also have evidence that an outer “skin” of protein is damaged upon experiencing the chemical and physical denaturants necessary to create an aerogel but that this sacrificial layer shields the proteins within the superstructure. Transmission electron microscopy verifies that objects on the order of 102 nm are present in the biocomposite silica aerogel. The temperature−pressure stability exhibited by the protein in the biocomposite nanoarchitecture may provide an experimental, sea-level analogy to prebiotic hypotheses, which propose that cellular evolution occurred in hydrothermal vents within porous minerals that stabilized precellular progenitors.
Surface plasmon resonance phase imaging (2000)

We present a promising optical system and technique for detection, imaging, and visualization of minimal changes, of the order of 10−6 in refractive index, in the near field. The system is based on phase imaging of excited surface plasmons in a conducting layer in contact with a sample. This technique is shown here to be sensitive enough to image the flow of helium and argon gas in a nitrogen atmosphere. Its application to biological and chemical research is suggested.
Analysis of a 3-D Tumor Localization Algorithm from a Single 2-D Measurement Using Diffraction Tomography (1998)

Diffraction tomography theory describes both the forward and inverse problems in media where electromagnetic radiation propagation must be modeled in terms of its wave nature. In general, this theory assumes media in which the radiation is not attenuated. We have recently extended this theory to include the attenuating media case. Here, we apply this newly-developed theory to analyze a tumor localization algorithm which permits three-dimensional tumor localization from a single two-dimensional measurement. We demonstrate that this algorithm can be viewed as a backpropagation algorithm. With this insight, show how tumor localization occurs.
New Underwater Welding Process Proved For Continental Shelf Depths (1977)

ABSTRACT A new flux-cored wire arc welding process has been developed for use in underwater welding inside ambient pressure dry welding chambers. The process offers a number of Advantages over current alternatives, exhibits good arc stability and fusion characteristics, high metal deposition rates and excellent mechanical properties as long as correct chemical conditions are provided at the arc. The process has been successfully used offshore, has been approved by the major Classification Societies, and represents a significant advance in the field of subsea welding. INTRODUCTION The two greatest factors opposing the usage of arc fusion welding processes for underwater operation are the high pressure affecting arc stability and the wet environment creating metallurgical difficulties. The problems associated with the wet environment can be eliminated by the use of a dry welding chamber enclosing the area to be welded but certain metallurgical problems will still exist. For example reactions between weld metal, gas and slag will vary with pressure, as will base metal and weld metal cooling rates. All of these factors will influence the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the deposited weld metal. The effect of pressure on the electric arc is now fairly well known in that the arc constricts and operates at successively higher voltages as pressure (water depth) is increased. The bare wire gas shielded arc welding processes such as G.M.A. (gas metal arc) suffer from arc instability problems at depths much in excess of 250 ft (9 bars abs). The instabilities take the form of arc " outages " and unusable forms of metal transfer across the arc column. By careful choice of shielding gas composition, wire diameter and process variables the bare wire processes can be operated at depths of 600 ft (19 bars) but the base metal fusion characteristics are so poor and tolerance to parametric deviations so low that they are impractical for underwater site operation. The use of flux wire combinations offer a number of advantages over the bare wire G.M.A. systems. The metal/flux combinations are more efficient thermally and fluxing ingredients can be added which improve arc ionisation and promote stable metal transfer. The continuously fed flux cored wires are an obvious improvement compared to the low duty cycle operation, manual metal arc (M.M.A.) or " stick " processes. The flux cored welding consumable in particular offers a number of significant advantages over other fusion welding processes at depths down to approx. 1000 ft water depth (31 bars abs).Highly stable metal transfer due to a balance of fluxing ingredients and gas shield.High heat input to workpiece offsetting heat losses due to pressure effect.High metal deposition rate in all welding positions.High duty cycle due to continuous nature of the process.Fairly low operational skill requirements.High tolerance to parametric variations.