gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IMU-Based Gait Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Multi-Sensor Fusion (2017)

The wide spread usage of wearable sensors such as in smart watches has provided continuous access to valuable user generated data such as human motion that could be used to identify an individual based on his/her motion patterns such as, gait. Several methods have been suggested to extract various heuristic and high-level features from gait motion data to identify discriminative gait signatures and distinguish the target individual from others. However, the manual and hand crafted feature extraction is error prone and subjective. Furthermore, the motion data collected from inertial sensors have complex structure and the detachment between manual feature extraction module and the predictive learning models might limit the generalization capabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for human gait identification using time-frequency (TF) expansion of human gait cycles in order to capture joint 2 dimensional (2D) spectral and temporal patterns of gait cycles. Then, we design a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) learning to extract discriminative features from the 2D expanded gait cycles and jointly optimize the identification model and the spectro-temporal features in a discriminative fashion. We collect raw motion data from five inertial sensors placed at the chest, lower-back, right hand wrist, right knee, and right ankle of each human subject synchronously in order to investigate the impact of sensor location on the gait identification performance. We then present two methods for early (input level) and late (decision score level) multi-sensor fusion to improve the gait identification generalization performance. We specifically propose the minimum error score fusion (MESF) method that discriminatively learns the linear fusion weights of individual DCNN scores at the decision level by minimizing the error rate on the training data in an iterative manner. 10 subjects participated in this study and hence, the problem is a 10-class identification task. Based on our experimental results, 91% subject identification accuracy was achieved using the best individual IMU and 2DTF-DCNN. We then investigated our proposed early and late sensor fusion approaches, which improved the gait identification accuracy of the system to 93.36% and 97.06%, respectively.
Abstract data views: an interface specification concept to enhance design for reuse (1995)

The abstract data view (ADV) design model was originally created to specify clearly and formally the separation of the user interface from the application component of a software system, and to provide a systematic design method that is independent of specific application environments. Such a method should lead to a high degree of reuse of designs for both interface and application components. The material presented, extends the concept of ADV's to encompass the general specification of interfaces between application components in the same or different computing environments. This approach to specifying interfaces clearly separates application components from each other, since they do not need to know how they are used, or how they obtain services from other application components. Thus, application components called abstract data objects (ADOs), are designed to minimize knowledge of the environment in which they are used and should be more amenable to reuse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biological Significance of Isoaspartate and Its Repair System (2005)

Isomerization of L-aspartate and deamidation of L-asparagine in proteins or peptides dominantly give rise to L-isoaspartate by a non-enzymatic reaction via succinimide as a intermediate under physiological conditions. Isoaspartates have been identified in a variety of cellular proteins in vivo as well as pathologically deposited proteins in neurodegenerative brain tissue. We described here that the formation of isoaspartate is enhanced in amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specific antibodies recognizing isoaspartate of Abeta revealed that isomerized Abeta peptides were deposited in senile plaques as well as amyloid-bearing vessels. Moreover, it was revealed that Abeta peptides, isomerized at position 7 or 23, were differentially deposited in senile plaques and vascular amyloids in AD brains. In vitro experiments showed that the modification at position 23 greatly enhanced the aggregation of Abeta. Furthermore, systematic proline substitution analyses revealed that the beta-turn structure at positions 22 and 23 of Abeta42 plays a crucial role in the aggregation and neurotoxicity of Abeta peptides. It is suggested that spontaneous isomerization at position 23 induces the conformational change to form a beta-turn at position 23, which plays a pathogenic role in the deposition of Abeta peptides in sporadic AD. Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) is a putative protein repair enzyme, which converts L-isoaspartyl residues in damaged proteins to normal L-aspartyl residues. PIMT-deficient mice manifested neurodegenerative changes concomitant with the accumulation of L-isoaspartate in the brain. We discuss here the pathological implications of the formation of isoaspartate in damaged proteins during neurodegeneration in model mice and AD.
Suicide in Singapore: a changing sex ratio over the last decade. (2001)

The previous distinct male preponderance in suicide,which had progressively diminished by the early eighties, has become distinct again, but is now seemingly more driven by a disproportionate decline in the absolute rate of suicides in younger females. We speculate on possible social determinants of this intriguing epidemiological trend.
Application of biogeography based optimization to locate critical slip surface in slope stability evaluation (2018)

Finding the critical slip surface in a soil or rock is very cumbersome and a difficult constrained global optimization problem. In presence of large solution search space and high computational complexity, the classical techniques are unable to find an optimal solution. In this paper, a meta-heuristic approach called Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm is applied to perform slope stability analysis, where Spencer method from limit equilibrium analysis is used as objective function for the algorithm. The validation and performance of the algorithm has been shown by solving a benchmark case study from the literature where, the implementation results confirm higher stability analysis and acquire more efficient result over relevant existing methods.
On Generation and Recombination in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells (2005)

The effects of multivalent metal ions (Cu(2+)/Zn(2+)/Al(3+)) on the aggregation of salmon calcitonin (sCT)--a therapeutic peptide used worldwide in the treatment of osteoporosis and Paget's disease--have been studied in vitro using NMR (both solution state and solid state), TEM, ThT-fluorescence, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Overall, the various results indicated that the metal-ions-induced conformational transitions in the peptide--mostly toward the β-sheet--facilitate the aggregation of sCT in solution. First, the solution NMR has been used to check the interaction between the peptide and the metal ions. Following this, the formation and characterization of calcitonin aggregates has been performed using TEM, solid state NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The TEM and ThT-fluorescence results revealed that the sCT peptide incubated with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) metal ions (in aqueous environment) forms globular aggregates, while that with Al(3+) ions forms fibrils. The solid state NMR and FT-IR studies revealed the presence of a substantial amount of β-sheet content in sCT aggregates (formed in the presence of these metal ions) compared to the monomeric sCT, indicating that the metal binding is concomitant with conformational changes. The present study becomes crucial while prescribing this drug peptide under physio-pathological conditions associated with an abnormal accumulation of metal ions (Cu(2+)/Zn(2+)/Al(3+)) in the body (i.e., abnormal metal ion homeostasis).
A Method of Reporting and Prioritizing Faults for Aircraft Downtime Reduction (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The exponential increase in the number of aircrafts and air travelers has triggered new innovations which aim to make airline services more reliable and consumer friendly. Quick and efficient maintenance actions with minimum downtime are the need of the hour. Areas that have a large potential for improvement in this regard are the real time use of diagnostic data, filtering/elimination of nuisance faults and machine learning capabilities with respect to maintenance actions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Although, numerous LRUs installed on the aircraft generate massive amounts of diagnostic data to detect any possible issue or LRU failure, it is seldom used in real time. The turnaround time for LRU maintenance can be greatly reduced if the results of the diagnostics conducted during LRU normal operation is relayed to ground stations in real-time. This enables the maintenance engineers to plan ahead and initiate maintenance actions well before the aircraft lands and becomes available for maintenance. Handling nuisance faults generated during the LRU diagnostic tests is another area with scope for improvement. The advancements in predictive analytics can be harnessed to identify the possibility of reported fault being a nuisance fault. The current method to identify nuisance faults involves a maintenance engineer performing an initiated test after the aircraft touches down. Any time spent in planning maintenance actions to rectify these faults and parts procured for the same is wasted.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses a novel method that addresses the aforementioned problems by the use of on-board automated FMEA, predictive analytics and machine learning to suggest actions for maintenance engineers. The on-board automated FMEA allows critical diagnostic data to be identified, transmitted and used in real time. Predictive analytics enables the forecasting of nuisance faults and prioritizing the reported faults. The paper also outlines the implementation challenges pertaining to data communication, security and integrity.</div></div>
XRCC1 is required for DNA single-strand break repair in human cells (2005)

The X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1) protein is required for viability and efficient repair of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) in rodents. XRCC1-deficient mouse or hamster cells are hypersensitive to DNA damaging agents generating SSBs and display genetic instability after such DNA damage. The presence of certain polymorphisms in the human XRCC1 gene has been associated with altered cancer risk, but the role of XRCC1 in SSB repair (SSBR) in human cells is poorly defined. To elucidate this role, we used RNA interference to modulate XRCC1 protein levels in human cell lines. A reduction in XRCC1 protein levels resulted in decreased SSBR capacity as measured by the comet assay and intracellular NAD(P)H levels, hypersensitivity to the cell killing effects of the DNA damaging agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), hydrogen peroxide and ionizing radiation and enhanced formation of micronuclei following exposure to MMS. Lowered XRCC1 protein levels were also associated with a significant delay in S-phase progression after exposure to MMS. These data clearly demonstrate that XRCC1 is required for efficient SSBR and genomic stability in human cells.
Elicitation and reduction of fear: behavioural and neuroendocrine indices and brain induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos (1997)

The elicitation and reduction of fear were indexed with fear-potentiated startle and corticosterone release and induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos as a marker of neural activity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Conditioning consisted of pairing one stimulus with footshock, which was withheld when the conditioned stimulus was preceded by a different modality stimulus, the conditioned inhibitor. On the test day, approximately 60% of the rats were used for c-fos in situ hybridization, and were presented with either the conditioned stimulus alone, the conditioned inhibitor alone, a compound of the two stimuli, or no stimuli, and killed 30 min following the presentation of 10 such stimuli. The remaining rats were tested with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm. Rats displayed reliable fear-potentiated startle and corticosterone release to the conditioned stimulus, and both measures were reduced when the conditioned stimulus was preceded by the conditioned inhibitor. The ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, septohypothalamic nucleus, some tegmental nuclei, and the locus coeruleus had particularly high c-fos induction in rats that received the conditioned inhibitor, providing one of the first functional indication that these nuclei might be important in behavioural or endocrine inhibition. Conditioning specific c-fos induction in the three groups that received a stimulus on the test day was observed in many hypothalamic areas, the medial geniculate body and the central gray, structures previously involved in fear and anxiety. The cingulate, infralimbic and perirhinal cortex, nucleus accumbens, lateral septum, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, and ventral tegmental area had higher c-fos induction in rats presented with the fearful conditioned stimulus, confirming previous studies. The amygdala and hippocampus of conditioned rats did not show higher c-fos induction than in rats repeatedly exposed to the context. Many regions displayed c-fos messenger RNA induction in the control condition, suggesting that processes other than fear and anxiety participate in c-fos induction.
Efficient Near-IR Sensitization of Nanocrystalline <font>TiO</font><sub>2</sub> Films by Zinc and Aluminum Phthalocyanines (1999)

Several zinc(II) and aluminum(III) phthalocyanines substituted by carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid groups were anchored to nanocrystalline TiO 2 films. By irradiation with visible light the photovoltaic behavior of the electrodes containing LiI / LiI 3 /propylene carbonate electrolyte was measured. Most efficient results were found using zinc(II) 2,9,16,23-tetracarboxyphthalocyanine, with a current conversion efficiency at 700 nm approaching 45%. It is shown that electron injection into TiO 2 occurs from the excited singlet state of the phthalocyanine derivatives. High stability of the cell performance under continuous irradiation was found.
A ubiquitin carrier protein from wheat germ is structurally and functionally similar to the yeast DNA repair enzyme encoded by RAD6. (1989)

The RAD6 gene from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a ubiquitin carrier protein (E2) required for a variety of cellular processes including DNA repair, induced mutagenesis, and sporulation. Here we identify an E2 from a higher plant, wheat, that is similar to RAD6 with respect to both structure and in vitro substrate specificity. The protein was purified from wheat germ by a combination of ubiquitin covalent affinity chromatography and anion-exchange HPLC and has an apparent molecular mass of 23 kDa [referred to as E2(23 kDa)]. E2(23 kDa) was capable of binding ubiquitin by means of a thiol ester linkage in an ATP-dependent and ubiquitin-activating enzyme-dependent reaction. In the presence of a variety of target proteins, E2(23 kDa), like the RAD6 gene product, formed covalent ubiquitin-protein conjugates in vitro only with histones in a ubiquitin protein ligase-independent reaction. E2(23 kDa) recognized both core and linker histones with an apparent order of preference of H2A greater than or equal to H1 greater than H2B greater than H3 greater than H4. This E2 protein was approximately 17-fold more effective at conjugating ubiquitin to histones than three other purified wheat germ E2 proteins tested. Mouse anti-E2(23 kDa) antibodies were used to isolate E2(23 kDa) DNA sequences from a wheat cDNA expression library. Antibody-positive clones were confirmed by amino acid identity of the sequence deduced from the cDNA to the peptide sequence of an E2(23 kDa) tryptic fragment. Protein expressed in Escherichia coli by the E2(23 kDa) cDNA was capable of both thiol ester adduct formation and conjugation of ubiquitin to histones. Analysis of the E2(23 kDa) cDNA shows that it encodes a protein with considerable amino acid sequence similarity to the yeast RAD6 gene product. Similarities exist at the amino terminus, the region surrounding the putative ubiquitin binding site, and at the carboxyl terminus, which is unusually acidic. Based on both the structural and enzymatic similarities to the RAD6 gene product, E2(23 kDa) may represent the first DNA repair enzyme identified in higher plants.
Enhanced integration of large DNA into <i>E. coli</i> chromosome by CRISPR/Cas9 (2016)

Metabolic engineering often necessitates chromosomal integration of multiple genes but integration of large genes into Escherichia coli remains difficult. CRISPR/Cas9 is an RNA-guided system which enables site-specific induction of double strand break (DSB) and programmable genome editing. Here, we hypothesized that CRISPR/Cas9-triggered DSB could enhance homologous recombination and augment integration of large DNA into E. coli chromosome. We demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas9 system was able to trigger DSB in >98% of cells, leading to subsequent cell death, and identified that mutagenic SOS response played roles in the cell survival. By optimizing experimental conditions and combining the λ-Red proteins and linear dsDNA, CRISPR/Cas9-induced DSB enabled homologous recombination of the donor DNA and replacement of lacZ gene in the MG1655 strain at efficiencies up to 99%, and allowed high fidelity, scarless integration of 2.4, 3.9, 5.4, and 7.0 kb DNA at efficiencies approaching 91%, 92%, 71%, and 61%, respectively. The CRISPR/Cas9-assisted gene integration also functioned in different E. coli strains including BL21 (DE3) and W albeit at different efficiencies. Taken together, our methodology facilitated precise integration of dsDNA as large as 7 kb into E. coli with efficiencies exceeding 60%, thus significantly ameliorating the editing efficiency and overcoming the size limit of integration using the commonly adopted recombineering approach. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 172-183. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of cyclobutanones by the photolytic reaction of chromium carbene complexes with olefins: inter- and intramolecular reactions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of cyclobutanones by the photolytic reaction of chromium carbene complexes with olefins: inter- and intramolecular reactionsBjorn C. Soderberg, Louis S. Hegedus, and Miguel A. SierraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 11, 4364–4374Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00167a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00167a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evolution of CRISPR/Cas Systems for Precise Genome Editing (2023)

The bacteria-derived CRISPR/Cas (an acronym for regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system is currently the most widely used, versatile, and convenient tool for genome engineering. CRISPR/Cas-based technologies have been applied to disease modeling, gene therapies, transcriptional modulation, and diagnostics. Nevertheless, some challenges remain, such as the risk of immunological reactions or off-target effects. To overcome these problems, many new methods and CRISPR/Cas-based tools have been developed. In this review, we describe the current classification of CRISPR systems and new precise genome-editing technologies, summarize the latest applications of this technique in several fields of research, and, finally, discuss CRISPR/Cas system limitations, ethical issues, and challenges.
Direct Antimicrobial Activity of IFN-β (2017)

Type I IFNs are a cytokine family essential for antiviral defense. More recently, type I IFNs were shown to be important during bacterial infections. In this article, we show that, in addition to known cytokine functions, IFN-β is antimicrobial. Parts of the IFN-β molecular surface (especially helix 4) are cationic and amphipathic, both classic characteristics of antimicrobial peptides, and we observed that IFN-β can directly kill <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Further, a mutant <i>S. aureus</i> that is more sensitive to antimicrobial peptides was killed more efficiently by IFN-β than was the wild-type <i>S. aureus</i>, and immunoblotting showed that IFN-β interacts with the bacterial cell surface. To determine whether specific parts of IFN-β are antimicrobial, we synthesized IFN-β helix 4 and found that it is sufficient to permeate model prokaryotic membranes using synchrotron x-ray diffraction and that it is sufficient to kill <i>S. aureus</i> These results suggest that, in addition to its well-known signaling activity, IFN-β may be directly antimicrobial and be part of a growing family of cytokines and chemokines, called kinocidins, that also have antimicrobial properties.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of the Electronic Structure of Superoxide Radical Anion in Solution (2009)

Ab intitio molecular dynamics simulation of the electronic structure of the aqueous superoxide anion (O2(-)) has been carried out using the Car-Parrinello density functional theory at 298 and 310 K. The modeling system consists of one O2(-) solvated in 31 water molecules. On the basis of our 40 ps production run, the novel mechanism and the nature of the hydration of the superoxide anion in a relatively big aqueous environment have been revealed by using various radial distribution functions. The averaged coordinated water number was estimated to be 4.5. The calculated microscopic configurations of the first solvation shell are in good agreement with the experimental results. The vibrational frequency of the solvated O2(-) anion was red-shifted significantly in comparison with that of the free radical anion in the gas phase. The diffusion coefficient of O2(-) was estimated to be about 8 x 10(-5) cm2/s at 298 K. Comparisons with the previous force-field-based classical molecular dynamics simulations have been made, and the differences were discussed.