gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and Anti-tumor Activity of N-Heterocyclic Compounds Having the Cyclic Hydrazide Structure (1978)

Visually assessing the effect of the coronary artery anatomy on the perfusion of the heart muscle in patients with coronary artery disease remains a challenging task. We explore the feasibility of visualizing this effect on perfusion using a numerical approach. We perform a computational simulation of the way blood is perfused throughout the myocardium purely based on information from a three-dimensional anatomical tomographic scan. The results are subsequently visualized using both three-dimensional visualizations and bull's eye plots, partially inspired by approaches currently common in medical practice. Our approach results in a comprehensive visualization of the coronary anatomy that compares well to visualizations commonly used for other scanning technologies. We demonstrate techniques giving detailed insight in blood supply, coronary territories and feeding coronary arteries of a selected region. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach through visualizations that show information which commonly cannot be directly observed in scanning data, such as a separate visualization of the supply from each coronary artery. We thus show that the results of a computational simulation can be effectively visualized and facilitate visually correlating these results to for example perfusion data.
Nuclear spin singlet states as a contrast mechanism for NMR spectroscopy (2013)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of complex chemical mixtures often contain unresolved or hidden spectral components, especially when strong background signals overlap weaker peaks. In this article we demonstrate a quantum filter utilizing nuclear spin singlet states, which allows undesired NMR spectral background to be removed and target spectral peaks to be uncovered. The quantum filter is implemented by creating a nuclear spin singlet state with spin quantum numbers j = 0, mz = 0 in a target molecule, applying a continuous RF field to both preserve the singlet state and saturate the magnetization of undesired molecules and then mapping the target molecule singlet state back into an NMR observable state so that its spectrum can be read out unambiguously. The preparation of the target singlet state can be carefully controlled with pulse sequence parameters, so that spectral contrast can be achieved between molecules with very similar structures. We name this NMR contrast mechanism 'Suppression of Undesired Chemicals using Contrast-Enhancing Singlet States' (SUCCESS) and we demonstrate it in vitro for three target molecules relevant to neuroscience: aspartate, threonine and glutamine.
Improved Large Scale Purification Procedure of Natural Human Fibroblast Interferon (1986)

Human fibroblast interferon, produced in tissue culture by a superinduction procedure, was purified 10,000-fold by chromatography to ca 50% purity as judged by SDS-PAGE. The specific activity of the interferon preparation is 2 X 10(8) and the yield is 70%. The interferon preparation is suitable for clinical use.
Blends of an ethynyl terminated imidothioether with ethynyl terminated arylene ether oligomers (1988)

An evaluation has been undertaken of blends of a novel ethynyl-terminated imidothioether with Udel P1700 polysulfone and ethynyl-terminated arylene ether oligomers. Good to excellent processability was obtained with these blends using compression molding; the cured blends displayed poor-to-good resistance to chloroform and low-to-moderately high fracture toughness, depending on the blends' crosslink density. The flexural strength and modulus of unidirectional carbon graphite laminates prepared with the blended resins were good.
Lumitrack (2013)

We present Lumitrack, a novel motion tracking technology that uses projected structured patterns and linear optical sensors. Each sensor unit is capable of recovering 2D location within the projection area, while multiple sensors can be combined for up to six degree of freedom (DOF) tracking. Our structured light approach is based on special patterns, called m-sequences, in which any consecutive sub-sequence of m bits is unique. Lumitrack can utilize both digital and static projectors, as well as scalable embedded sensing configurations. The resulting system enables high-speed, high precision, and low-cost motion tracking for a wide range of interactive applications. We detail the hardware, operation, and performance characteristics of our approach, as well as a series of example applications that highlight its immediate feasibility and utility.
Chemically Sensitive Microelectrochemical Devices: New Approaches to Sensors (1992)

Abstract : Described herein are the proof of concept results demonstrating a new approach to electrochemical sensors based upon chemically sensitive microelectrochemical devices. A typical device consists of at least two individually addressable electrodes. The working electrode is a microelectrode and is derivatized with at least one molecule that has a chemically sensitive formal potential and serves as the indicator, and one molecule that has a chemically insensitive formal potential and serves as a reference. The indicator and reference molecules are confined to the electrodes either by monolayer self assembly techniques or by dissolving in a thin film of solid electrolyte. Detection in these systems is accomplished by measuring either the potential difference associated with current peaks for oxidation (or reduction) of microelectrode confined redox reagents.
Parallel morphological image processing with an opto-electronic VLSI array processor (1993)

A parallel morphological image processor (MIP) has been developed onto a full-custom optoelectronic VLSI design by combining a two-dimensional fine-grain parallel array architecture with on-chip focal-plane photodetectors and transmitters. The optical input/output (I/O) array processor performs morphological functions on the optodetected binary image with a programmable structuring element of any size. A language called MIPL is defined for parallel morphological image processing and fully supported by the MIP hardware. An 8*8 array processor prototype chip has been designed in 1.6-mm*1.6-mm silicon area using the MOSIS 2- mu m CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A predictive QoS routing scheme for broadband low Earth orbit satellite networks (2002)

Low Earth orbit satellite networks can augment terrestrial wireless networks to provide global broadband services to users regardless of the users' locations. Delivering QoS guarantees to the users of LEO satellite networks is complicated since the footprints of the LEO satellites move as the satellites traverse their orbits, and thus, causing frequent user handovers between the satellites. Traffic on inter-satellite links of a particular satellite change as the user traffic served by the satellite changes with the satellite's mobility. The change in user traffic on the inter-satellite links may cause violation of QoS requirements of on-going calls. We propose a novel routing algorithm called the predictive routing protocol (PRP), that exploits the predictive nature of the LEO satellite topology to maximize the total number of users served by the system, while maintaining each user's QoS requirements. The PRP predicts the user traffic load on the inter-satellite links up to a short time in the future by using the deterministic knowledge of the LEO satellite topology, and user location information. The PRP determines multiple paths for a particular connection that effectively help avoid possible future bottlenecks as predicted by estimated future traffic on the inter-satellite links. The algorithm is compared with other non-predictive routing protocols such as IP routing by extensive simulations and it is shown that PRP can deliver deterministic QoS guarantees (such as delay jitter), without over-reserving channel bandwidth. An admission control curve has also been obtained which may be used to ensure that the desired QoS metrics may be guaranteed.
Lullaby: A Novel Algorithm to Extract Fetal QRS in Real Time Using Periodic Trend Feature (2022)

Fetal heart rate (fHR) is an important indicator for monitoring of fetal cardiac health and development. The widely-used method based on ultrasound, however, is not continuous and often requires an expert to perform; thus, it is mostly used in clinics during checkups. The advances in wearable technology have paved the way for home assessment of fHR via the extraction of the mother's abdominal electrocardiogram (ECG) acquired by novel patches. Several methods have been developed for such; however, the computation is either too slow for real-time monitoring or too heavy to be performed in a wearable. In this work, we develop and validate the Lullaby algorithm - a novel method for fetal QRS extraction from aECG. The results showed that Lullaby is almost 7 times faster than existing methods with a better F1-score of 0.815, holding promise to transform perinatal monitoring.
Rapid ethanol production via fermentation (1979)

The flash-ferm process for industrial rapid ethanol fermentation with ethanol removal and concentration in an auxiliary flash vessel has been developed. The super high productivities (80 g ethanol/L.hr.) of the vacu-ferm processes are maintained while many disadvantages are eliminated. Flash-ferm combines synergistically with a vacuum distillation, providing a high ethanol concentration feed to the less strongly pinch limited separator. A 42% energy savings and a 54% reduction in manufacturing cost (exclusive of feed) is achieved as compared to conventional bath processes.
Effective Solutions for Real-World Stackelberg Games: When Agents Must Deal with Human Uncertainties (2011)

In Stackelberg games, one player, the leader, commits to a strategy publicly before the remaining players, the followers, make their decisions (Fudenberg and Tirole, 1991). There are many multi-agent security domains, such as attacker-defender scenarios and patrolling, for which these types of commitments by the security agent are necessary (Agmon et al., 2008; Brown et al., 2006; Kiekintveld et al., 2009; Paruchuri et al., 2006), and it has been shown that Stackelberg games appropriately model these commitments (Paruchuri et al., 2008; Pita et al., 2008). For example, security personnel patrolling an infrastructure decide on a patrolling strategy first, before their adversaries act taking this committed strategy into account. Indeed, Stackelberg games are at the heart of theARMOR system, deployed at LAX since 2007 to schedule security personnel (Paruchuri et al., 2008; Pita et al., 2008), and they have recently been applied to federal air marshals (Kiekintveld et al., 2009). Moreover, these games have potential applications for network routing and pricing in transportation systems, among many others possibilities (Cardinal et al., 2005; Korilis, Lazar, and Orda, 1997).
High gain observer for speed-sensorless motor drives: Algorithm and experiments (2016)

This paper considers the rotor speed and flux estimation for induction motors, which is one of the key problems in speed-sensorless motor drives. Existing approaches, e.g. adaptive, Kalman filter-based, and sliding mode observer, have limitations such as unnecessarily assuming the rotor speed as a constant parameter, failure to ensure convergence of estimation error dynamics, or conservative design. This paper proposes a non-triangular observable form-based estimation algorithm. This paper presents realizable observers to avoid transforming the induction motor model into the form. Advantages of the new estimation algorithm include guaranteed stability of estimation error dynamics, constructive observer design, ease of tuning, and improved speed estimation performance. Finally, experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation algorithm.
Large-Area Chemically Modified Graphene Films: Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization by Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2009)

A facile, rapid, and scalable electrophoretic deposition approach is developed for the fabrication of large-area chemically derived graphene films on conductive substrates based on the electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide components. Two distinctive approaches for fabricating conformal graphene films are developed. In the first approach, graphene oxide sheets are electrophoretically deposited from an aqueous solution after the oxidation of graphite to graphite oxide and the subsequent exfoliation of graphite oxide to graphene oxide. Next, the graphene oxide films are reduced via dip-coating in an aqueous solution of hydrazine. In the second approach, graphene oxide is reduced to graphene nanosheets in a strongly alkaline solution and the reduced graphene sheets are directly electrophoretically deposited onto conductive substrates. The film thickness can be modified by the deposition time and the obtained films span several square millimeters in area. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is used to study the surface chemistry, electronic band structure, and degree of alignment of the electrophoretically deposited films. Polarized NEXAFS measurements verify the presence of epoxide surface functionalities on the graphene basal planes and indicate significant recovery of extended π-bonded networks upon defunctionalization by hydrazine treatment. These measurements further indicate significantly improved alignment of the graphene sheet components of the films parallel to the substrate surface when defunctionalization is performed prior to electrophoretic deposition.
P143 From biopsies to fecal samples: challenging Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and related phylogroups as potential biomarkers for IBD (2017)

Background: Both, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Fpra), and Fpra phylogroups (PGH-I and PHG-II), combined with Escherichia coli (Ecoli), are an accurate biomarker to distinguish healthy (H) from diseased, and also among different clinical manifestations and disease locations (Lόpez-Siles et al, 2016). The purpose of this study was to verify this capability in faecal samples, in order to develop a non-invasive system for diagnostic support. Methods: A Spanish cohort consisting of 23 IBD (10 CD and 8 UC) and 12 H was enrolled. Sixty seven faecal samples (26 CD, 30 UC and 11 H) fecal samples were obtained during their treatment. Fpra total, PHG-I, PHG-II and Eco abundances were quantified by qPCR. Results: Fpra and PHG-II were less abundant in IBD patients, compared with healthy subjects (p=0.046 and p=0.009, respectively). In turn, abundance of Ecoli was higher in IBD patients (p=0.007) (with sensitivities and specificities between 60%-85%). As compared to H, CD patients displayed lower abundance of Fpra l, PHG-I and PHG-II (p=0.014, 0.045 and 0.004) and higher of Eco (p=0.001). Finally, PHG-II loads were lower for Fpra and higher for Eco in samples from UC patients (p=0.050 and p=0.047). Concerning disease localization, significant differences were observed in CD. Fpra and PHG-I abundances were lower in the colon (p=0.046 and p=0.026), whereas PHG-II was significantly higher in the ileum (p=0.032). UC and CD with colon affectation could also be distinguished; a lower abundance of PHG-I and Eco (p=0.020 and p=0.048) was observed in samples of colon CD, with sensitivities and specificities between 70%-100%. Conclusions: Fecal loads of total Fpra and related phylogroups correlate with those describe on biopsy samples. Ecoli and PHG-I seem to be good markers to discriminate between patients with UC and CD with colonic affectation. References: [1] Mireia Lόpez-Siles, (2016), Changes in the Abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Phylogroups I and II in the Intestinal Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Patients with Colorectal Cancer, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Driving style estimation via inertial measurements (2010)

A correct driving style can strongly affect the fuel consumption. This work proposes a method to quantify the driving style economy via inertial measurements. It presents a low-cost and vehicle-independent system for the acquisition of the variables related to the dynamics of a vehicle. Then it describes the signal processing and the algorithm which calculates the over-consumption of energy with respect to different reference profiles. Finally, experimental results show the application of the algorithm to real data gathered on public transportation means.
Hierarchical and Lossless Coding of audio objects in Dolby TrueHD (2015)

Dolby TrueHD is a lossless and hierarchical audio coding format that not only enables compact bit-exact representation of the source multichannel audio signal, but also facilitates low complexity reconstruction of downmixes thereof. The dual objective is achieved by linear transformation of input channels into internal channels coded in the bitstream, via primitive matrices that are exactly invertible with finite precision, such that a subset of the internal channels spans the subpsace of the required downmix. A decoder need only extract and linearly combine this subset of internal channels to reconstruct the downmix presentation. Until recently, TrueHD was primarily employed for lossless carriage of speaker feeds (typically, 7.1ch), in which case downmixes of interest (5.1ch or stereo) could be obtained via time-invariant linear transformations. Concurrent with Dolby Laboratories' efforts towards a next generation surround sound experience, however, the format has been extended to support lossless transmission of audio objects such that renderings (downmixes) of these moving objects to standard speaker layouts are still accessible to legacy decoders. The mandated representation of a continuously varying downmix matrix trajectory is facilitated by the novel paradigm of interpolated primitive matrices and the associated matrix decomposition strategy presented here.
Recent Advances in Managing Atherosclerosis via Nanomedicine (2017)

Atherosclerosis, driven by chronic inflammation of the arteries and lipid accumulation on the blood vessel wall, underpins many cardiovascular diseases with high mortality rates globally, such as stroke and ischemic heart disease. Engineered bio-nanomaterials are now under active investigation as carriers of therapeutic and/or imaging agents to atherosclerotic plaques. This Review summarizes the latest bio-nanomaterial-based strategies for managing atherosclerosis published over the past five years, a period marked by a rapid surge in preclinical applications of bio-nanomaterials for imaging and/or treating atherosclerosis. To start, the biomarkers exploited by emerging bio-nanomaterials for targeting various components of atherosclerotic plaques are outlined. In addition, recent efforts to rationally design and screen for bio-nanomaterials with the optimal physicochemical properties for targeting plaques are presented. Moreover, the latest preclinical applications of bio-nanomaterials as carriers of imaging, therapeutic, or theranostic agents to atherosclerotic plaques are discussed. Finally, a mechanistic understanding of the interactions between bio-nanomaterials and the plaque ("athero-nano" interactions) is suggested, the opportunities and challenges in the clinical translation of bio-nanomaterials for managing atherosclerosis are discussed, and recent clinical trials for atherosclerotic nanomedicines are introduced.
Mode-locked Yb:KGW laser longitudinally pumped by polarization-coupled diode bars (2006)

Mode-locked operation of a simple Yb:KGW (potassium gadolinium tungstate) oscillator is described, providing 10 W at 1039 nm with a 290 fs pulse width. A polarization-coupled scheme is used for efficient longitudinal pumping by a pair of reshaped laser diode bars. With changes in cavity dispersion, the pulse width is adjustable from 134 to 433 fs, in a high-quality circular mode. A saturable absorber mirror provides self-starting operation, and the cavity is stabilized by the Kerr-lens effect.
Diffuse optical imaging using spatially and temporally modulated light (2012)

The authors describe the development of diffuse optical imaging (DOI) technologies, specifically the use of spatial and temporal modulation to control near infrared light propagation in thick tissues. We present theory and methods of DOI focusing on model-based techniques for quantitative, in vivo measurements of endogenous tissue absorption and scattering properties. We specifically emphasize the common conceptual framework of the scalar photon density wave for both temporal and spatial frequency-domain approaches. After presenting the history, theoretical foundation, and instrumentation related to these methods, we provide a brief review of clinical and preclinical applications from our research as well as our outlook on the future of DOI technology.
Passive stabilization of a fiber-optic nonlinear sensor by using a sampling scheme (1987)

A new passive stabilization scheme using a synchronous sampling technique has been demonstrated for nonlinear fiber interferometric sensors. Passive stabilization is achieved by signal normalization derived from multiple time samples of a single output.
SODIUM LEVULINATE AND SODIUM LACTATE EFFECTS ON MICROBIAL GROWTH AND STABILITY OF FRESH PORK AND TURKEY SAUSAGES<sup>1</sup> (2003)

ABSTRACT This study compared the effects of 1.4% or 2.7% sodium levulinate or sodium lactate on aerobic plate count (APC), color, pH, and TBA values of fresh pork and turkey sausage. Both sodium lactate and levulinate inhibited growth of aerobic microorganisms during storage compared to controls. Antimicrobial effects of sodium lactate were dose‐dependent, where as 2.7% lactate was significantly more antimicrobial than 1.4% lactate. This was not the case for sodium levulinate where 1.4% sodium levulinate was as inhibitory to microbial growth as 2.7% sodium levulinate. Additionally. 1.4% sodium levulinate was as inhibitory to microbial growth CIS the higher level (2.7%) of sodium lactate. TBA values, color and pH were not affected by either sodium lactate or levulinate. In conclusion, sodium levulinate may have potential as an antimicrobial agent in fresh sausage if it can be obtained at a reasonable cost on a commercial basis.
Mutations and common polymorphisms in <i>ADAMTS13</i> gene responsible for von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity (2002)

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is synthesized primarily in vascular endothelial cells and secreted into the plasma as unusually large VWF multimers. Normally, these multimers are quickly degraded into smaller forms by a plasma metalloproteinase, VWF-cleaving protease (VWF-CP). Decreases in the activity of this enzyme result in congenital and acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The human VWF-CP has recently been purified. Cloning of the corresponding cDNA revealed that the 1,427-aa polypeptide is a member of the ADAMTS gene family, termed ADAMTS13. Twelve rare mutations in this gene have been identified in patients with congenital TTP. Here, we report missense and nonsense mutations in two Japanese families with Upshaw-Schulman syndrome, congenital TTP with neonatal onset and frequent relapses. The comparison of individual ADAMTS13 genotypes and plasma VWF-CP activities indicated that the R268P, Q449stop, and C508Y mutations abrogated activity of the enzyme, whereas the P475S mutant retained low but significant activity. The effects of these mutations were further confirmed by expression analysis in HeLa cells. Recombinant VWF-CP containing either the R268P or C508Y mutations was not secreted from cells. In contrast, Q449stop and P475S mutants were normally secreted but demonstrated minimal activity. Genotype analysis of 364 Japanese subjects revealed that P475S is heterozygous in 9.6% of individuals, suggesting that approximately 10% of the Japanese population possesses reduced VWF-CP activity. We report on a single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with alterations in VWF-CP activity; it will be important to assess this single-nucleotide polymorphism as a risk factor for thrombotic disorders.