gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light Trapping in Bifacial Solar Modules Using Effectively Transparent Contacts (ETCs) (2018)

We have performed a computational study on the enhancement of the light absorption within bifacial solar modules with effectively transparent contacts (ETCs). ETCs are triangular cross-section silver fingers that redirect light to the active area of the solar cell and therefore, mitigate finger grid shading losses. Furthermore, ETCs can be spaced densely leading to light trapping. We used a combination of thin film and ray optical simulations and determined that light absorption can be increased by more than 4.5% compared to state-of-the-art metallization due to light trapping and effective transparency. Furthermore, we calculated that grid resistance and silver usage can be improved when using ETCs. (PDF) Light Trapping in Bifacial Solar Modules Using Effectively Transparent Contacts (ETCs). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327344876_Light_Trapping_in_Bifacial_Solar_Modules_Using_Effectively_Transparent_Contacts_ETCs [accessed Nov 13 2018].
A multi-channel VANET providing concurrent safety and commercial services (2005)

In this paper, we propose a medium access control (MAC) protocol to support the multi-channel operation for dedi-cated short range communication (DSRC). In particular, we focus on the challenge of providing potentially high-bandwidth for non-safety applications provided by road-side infrastructure, without compromising safety commu-nication occurring in a separate channel. In our architec-ture, when a vehicle approaches a DSRC service hot-spot, it switches from the ad-hoc mode to the coordinated mode (and switches back to ad-hoc as it leaves the hotspot’s range). This coordinated mode is a variant of IEEE 802.11 PCF, modified for multi-channel operation. The coordinated mode maximizes utilization of the DSRC “service channels ” in the DSRC hot-spots while allowing safety-message broadcasts to be received with high probability in a distinct “safety chan-nel”. When a vehicle is not within the range of a DSRC hot-spot, the vehicle can use any of the previously-proposed ad-hoc protocols. Our approach can use any of these ad-hoc protocols for its ad-hoc mode. The MAC protocol is simu-lated with realistic mobility trace, and verified that it meets our safety and service objectives.
NeST: A Neural Network Synthesis Tool Based on a Grow-and-Prune Paradigm (2017)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have begun to have a pervasive impact on various applications of machine learning. However, the problem of finding an optimal DNN architecture for large applications is challenging. Common approaches go for deeper and larger DNN architectures but may incur substantial redundancy. To address these problems, we introduce a network growth algorithm that complements network pruning to learn both weights and compact DNN architectures during training. We propose a DNN synthesis tool (NeST) that combines both methods to automate the generation of compact and accurate DNNs. NeST starts with a randomly initialized sparse network called the seed architecture. It iteratively tunes the architecture with gradient-based growth and magnitude-based pruning of neurons and connections. Our experimental results show that NeST yields accurate, yet very compact DNNs, with a wide range of seed architecture selection. For the LeNet-300-100 (LeNet-5) architecture, we reduce network parameters by 70.2x (74.3x) and floating-point operations (FLOPs) by 79.4x (43.7x). For the AlexNet and VGG-16 architectures, we reduce network parameters (FLOPs) by 15.7x (4.6x) and 30.2x (8.6x), respectively. NeST's grow-and-prune paradigm delivers significant additional parameter and FLOPs reduction relative to pruning-only methods.
Physiological Concentrations of Atrial Natriuretic Factors with Intact N-Terminal Sequences Inhibit Corticotropin-Releasing Factor- Stimulated Adrenocorticotropin Secretion from Cultured Anterior Pituitary Cells* (1989)

The effectiveness of atrial natriuretic factors (ANFs) as inhibitors of CRF-stimulated ACTH secretion was examined in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. alpha ANF-(1-28) significantly inhibited ACTH release stimulated by 1-5 nM CRF. At the most effective concentration of 100 pM, alpha ANF-(1-28) inhibited ACTH release by 40.1% (P less than 0.001). This effect was manifested after 3 h, but not after 0.5 or 1 h, of incubation, suggesting that ACTH synthesis may have been reduced. Conversely, alpha ANF-(5-28), at concentrations of 10 pM to 10 nM, had no effect on ACTH secretion after 0.5, 1, or 3 h. alpha ANF-(1-11) weakly inhibited ACTH secretion at concentrations of 100 and 1000 pM. Again, these effects were observed after 3 h, but not after 0.5 or 1 h, of incubation. These results suggest that ANF-induced inhibition of CRF-stimulated ACTH release requires 1) an intact N-terminal sequence of the ANF peptide, 2) low concentrations, and 3) more than 1 h of incubation. The results explain previous negative evidence and suggest that alpha ANF-(1-28) may be a physiological inhibitor of ACTH secretion.
Laser induced fluorescence imaging of thermal damage in polymer matrix composites (1996)

A simple, fluorescence-based imaging system was developed for identifying regions of thermal damage in polymer-matrix composites (PMCs). PMCs have important applications where low weight and high mechanical strength are needed. One concern in the aerospace industry is the tendency of some PMC materials to become irreversibly damaged when exposed to high temperatures. Traditional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are capable of detecting physical flaws, such as cracks and delaminations, but have not proven effective for detecting initial heat damage, which occurs on a molecular scale. Spectroscopic techniques such as laser-induced fluorescence provide an attractive means for detecting thermal damage on large, irregularly shaped surfaces. This paper describes instrumentation capable of rapidly detecting thermal damage in graphite/epoxy components.
Recent advances in white organic light-emitting diodes employing a single-emissive material (2014)

Recent progress in the development of materials and devices for single-doped white devices is presented with a particular focus on the development of platinum complexes exhibiting excimer emission. White organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs) are strong candidates for the next generation of solid-state lighting, yet many of the best devices generate white light using multiple emitters embedded in a comparably complex device structure, raising the difficulty of consistently manufacturing these devices at a low cost and leading to challenges in color stability. These problems can be overcome by fabricating excimer-based WOLEDs, which construct a broad spectrum from a single emitter using blue monomer emission and red excimer emission. Through rational emitter design, the color quality and device efficiencies have steadily improved with recent achievements of external quantum efficiencies over 20% and a color rendering index greater than 80. Furthermore, recent applications of tetradentate platinum complexes for single-doped WOLEDs have yielded devices with a performance superior to many state-of-the-art multilayer WOLEDs as well as promising device operational stability.
Profile of native <b><i>N</i></b>‐linked glycan structures from human serum using high performance liquid chromatography on a microfluidic chip and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2009)

Protein glycosylation involves the addition of monosaccharides in a stepwise process requiring no glycan template. Therefore, identifying the numerous glycoforms, including isomers, can help elucidate the biological function(s) of particular glycans. A method to assess the diversity of the N-linked oligosaccharides released from human serum without derivatization has been developed using on-line nanoLC and high resolution TOF MS. The N-linked oligosaccharides were analyzed with MALDI FT-ICR MS and microchip LC MS (HPLC-Chip/TOF MS). Two microfluidic chips were employed, the glycan chip (40 nL enrichment column, 43 x 0.075 mm(2) i.d. analytical column) and the high capacity chip (160 nL enrichment column, 140 x 0.075 mm(2) i.d. analytical column), both with graphitized carbon as the stationary phase. Both chips offered good sensitivity and reproducibility in separating a heterogeneous mixture of neutral and anionic oligosaccharides between injections. Increasing the length and volume of the enrichment and the analytical columns improved resolution of the peaks. Complex type N-linked oligosaccharides were the most abundant oligosaccharides in human serum accounting for approximately 96% of the total glycans identified, while hybrid and high mannose type oligosaccharides comprise the remaining approximately 4%.
Sol-gel type synthesis of Bi.sub.2 (Sr,Ta.sub.2)O.sub.9 using an acetate based system (1997)

A method of forming a layered-perovskite bismuth-strontium-tantalum oxide (SBT) ferroelectric material is performed by dissolving a bismuth compound in a first solvent to form a first solution, mixing a strontium compound and a tantalum compound to form a binary mixture, dissolving the binary mixture in a second solvent to form a second solution, mixing the first solution with the second solution to form a SBT precursor solution, evaporating the first and second solvents to form a SBT precursor material and subsequently sintering said SBT precursor material in the presence of oxygen.
Amplifier similaritons in a dispersion-mapped fiber laser [Invited] (2011)

Amplifier similaritons are generated in a dispersion-mapped fiber laser. Output pulse parameters are nearly independent of the net group velocity dispersion (GVD) owing to the strong local nonlinear attraction in the gain fiber, which dictates the pulse evolution. This constitutes a stable mode-locking regime that is capable of generating sub-100-fs pulses over a broad range of anomalous and normal GVD. These features are consistent with numerical simulations.
Human versus Computer Controlled Selection of Ventilator Settings: An Evaluation of Adaptive Support Ventilation and Mid-Frequency Ventilation (2012)

Background. There are modes of mechanical ventilation that can select ventilator settings with computer controlled algorithms (targeting schemes). Two examples are adaptive support ventilation (ASV) and mid-frequency ventilation (MFV). We studied how different clinician-chosen ventilator settings are from these computer algorithms under different scenarios. Methods. A survey of critical care clinicians provided reference ventilator settings for a 70 kg paralyzed patient in five clinical/physiological scenarios. The survey-derived values for minute ventilation and minute alveolar ventilation were used as goals for ASV and MFV, respectively. A lung simulator programmed with each scenario's respiratory system characteristics was ventilated using the clinician, ASV, and MFV settings. Results. Tidal volumes ranged from 6.1 to 8.3 mL/kg for the clinician, 6.7 to 11.9 mL/kg for ASV, and 3.5 to 9.9 mL/kg for MFV. Inspiratory pressures were lower for ASV and MFV. Clinician-selected tidal volumes were similar to the ASV settings for all scenarios except for asthma, in which the tidal volumes were larger for ASV and MFV. MFV delivered the same alveolar minute ventilation with higher end expiratory and lower end inspiratory volumes. Conclusions. There are differences and similarities among initial ventilator settings selected by humans and computers for various clinical scenarios. The ventilation outcomes are the result of the lung physiological characteristics and their interaction with the targeting scheme.
Resynthesis and retiming for optimum partial scan (1999)

An effective partial scan approach selects flip-flops (FPs) in the minimum feedback vertex set (MFVS) of the FF dependency graph, so that all loops, except self-loops, are broken. However, the MFVS of the circuit (the minimum number of gates whose removal makes the circuit acyclic) is a lower bound and in many cases, significantly smaller than the MFVS of the FF dependency graph. Since only FFs can be considered for scan, this paper investigates the possibility of repositioning FFs so that, in the modified circuit, every circuit MFVS gate drives at least one FF that can be scanned. We show that resynthesis and retiming can always transform any circuit into an equivalent circuit whose FF dependency graph MFVS is equal to the MFVS of the original circuit. Therefore, the MVFS of a circuit is a tight lower bound on the number of scan FFs needed. We first identify the necessary and sufficient conditions under which legal retiming can produce the desired FF repositioning. We show that circuits that do not satisfy these conditions can always be suitably modified using two new resynthesis transformations. The modified circuit can always be retimed to achieve the desired FF repositioning. Experimental results for several large sequential benchmarks show that the number of scan FFs required for the resynthesized and retimed circuit is significantly smaller than that required for the original circuit.
Enhancing the low field magnetoresistive response in perovskite manganites (1996)

We report significant improvement in the magnetoresistive (MR) response of perovskite manganites for small applied fields by the use of heterostructures with soft ferromagnets. At room temperature, a 5900-fold enhancement of the MR response at 10 Oe in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 has been achieved using (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 as the soft ferromagnet. By utilizing soft ferromagnets with various magnetic properties, this technique allows for enormous flexibility in ‘‘designing’’ a desired MR response for the manganites, particularly in low fields.
Large-Scale In Vitro Expansion of Polyclonal Human Switched-Memory B Lymphocytes (2012)

Polyclonal preparations of therapeutic immunoglobulins, namely intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg), are essential in the treatment of immunodeficiency and are increasingly used for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Currently, patients' accessibility to IVIg depends exclusively upon volunteer blood donations followed by the fractionation of pooled human plasma obtained from thousands of individuals. Presently, there are no in vitro cell culture procedures allowing the preparation of polyclonal human antibodies. All in vitro human therapeutic antibodies that are currently generated are based on monoclonal antibodies, which are mostly issued from genetic engineering or single cell antibody technologies. Here, we describe an in vitro cell culture system, using CD40-CD154 interactions, that leads to a 1×10(6)-fold expansion of switched memory B lymphocytes in approximately 50 days. These expanded cells secrete polyclonal IgG, which distribution into IgG(1), IgG(2), IgG(3) and IgG(4) is similar to that of normal human serum. Such in vitro generated IgG showed relatively low self-reactivity since they interacted moderately with only 24 human antigens among a total of 9484 targets. Furthermore, up to one liter of IgG secreting cells can be produced in about 40 days. This experimental model, providing large-scale expansion of human B lymphocytes, represents a critical step toward the in vitro production of polyclonal human IgG and a new method for the ex vivo expansion of B cells for therapeutic purposes.
High throughput wideband space-time signaling using channel state information (2002)

An orthogonal decomposition of a general wideband space-time multipath channel is derived assuming antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver. This decomposition provides a framework for efficiently managing the available space-time channel dimensions using channel state information at the transmitter and receiver. Signaling and receiver designs for high-throughput applications are derived using this decomposition. For a fixed-throughput system, we investigate a power allocation scheme that minimizes the effective bit-error rate. In addition, a strategy to maximize the average throughput is discussed.
Deemon: Detecting CSRF with Dynamic Analysis and Property Graphs (2017)

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities are a severe class of web vulnerabilities that have received only marginal attention from the research and security testing communities. While much effort has been spent on countermeasures and detection of XSS and SQLi, to date, the detection of CSRF vulnerabilities is still performed predominantly manually. In this paper, we present Deemon, to the best of our knowledge the first automated security testing framework to discover CSRF vulnerabilities. Our approach is based on a new modeling paradigm which captures multiple aspects of web applications, including execution traces, data flows, and architecture tiers in a unified, comprehensive property graph. We present the paradigm and show how a concrete model can be built automatically using dynamic traces. Then, using graph traversals, we mine for potentially vulnerable operations. Using the information captured in the model, our approach then automatically creates and conducts security tests, to practically validate the found CSRF issues. We evaluate the effectiveness of Deemon with 10 popular open source web applications. Our experiments uncovered 14 previously unknown CSRF vulnerabilities that can be exploited, for instance, to take over user accounts or entire websites.
Materials for multilevel resist schemes (1983)

Abstract Bilevel resist processing techniques, offering the advantage of forming images on a planar substrate, and thus improving the resolution capability of optical projection printers are discussed. After careful consideration of such materials characteristics as UV absorption, solubility, compatibility, and T g , practical schemes can be developed, the simplest of which is one that uses conventional novolak‐quinone diazide positive resists as the top masking layer and short wavelength sensitive methacrylate based resists to planarize the substrate. Sub‐micron resolution and excellent line‐width control are achieved in these systems.
Covalently Patterned Graphene Surfaces by a Force-Accelerated Diels–Alder Reaction (2013)

Cyclopentadienes (CPs) with Raman and electrochemically active tags were patterned covalently onto graphene surfaces using force-accelerated Diels-Alder (DA) reactions that were induced by an array of elastomeric tips mounted onto the piezoelectric actuators of an atomic force microscope. These force-accelerated cycloadditions are a feasible route to locally alter the chemical composition of graphene defects and edge sites under ambient atmosphere and temperature over large areas (∼1 cm(2)).
Nonlinearity estimation and spectral regrowth prediction of power amplifiers using correlation techniques (2005)

Nonlinearity estimation and spectral regrowth prediction are crucial to power amplifier linearization. The correlation techniques shown here can estimate amplifier nonlinearity and predict out-of-band power spectrum. Cross-correlation is performed between the output envelope and a test sequence generated from the input signal and can be carried out in background during amplifier operations. The proposed method is applicable to multi-channel DS-CDMA systems and IS-95 forward-link CDMA signals are employed as an example.
Adaptive nonlocal means-based regularization for statistical image reconstruction of low-dose X-ray CT (2015)

To reduce radiation dose in X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, one of the common strategies is to lower the milliampere-second (mAs) setting during projection data acquisition. However, this strategy would inevitably increase the projection data noise, and the resulting image by the filtered back-projection (FBP) method may suffer from excessive noise and streak artifacts. The edge-preserving nonlocal means (NLM) filtering can help to reduce the noise-induced artifacts in the FBP reconstructed image, but it sometimes cannot completely eliminate them, especially under very low-dose circumstance when the image is severely degraded. To deal with this situation, we proposed a statistical image reconstruction scheme using a NLM-based regularization, which can suppress the noise and streak artifacts more effectively. However, we noticed that using uniform filtering parameter in the NLM-based regularization was rarely optimal for the entire image. Therefore, in this study, we further developed a novel approach for designing adaptive filtering parameters by considering local characteristics of the image, and the resulting regularization is referred to as adaptive NLM-based regularization. Experimental results with physical phantom and clinical patient data validated the superiority of using the proposed adaptive NLM-regularized statistical image reconstruction method for low-dose X-ray CT, in terms of noise/streak artifacts suppression and edge/detail/contrast/texture preservation.
A fast algorithm for identifying good buffer insertion candidate locations (2004)

Van Ginneken's algorithm [18] for performing buffer insertion is a classic in the field, since it optimally solves the problem subject to a set of fixed buffer insertion candidate locations for a given Steiner topology. The generation of these candidate locations is typically performed by dividing the routed wires into small uniformly sized pieces [1]. However, certain regions of the layout are generally more attractive to place buffers than others, e.g., sparse regions are preferred to dense ones. This work presents a fast, shortest path based algorithm to identify good candidate buffer insertion locations to be passed to van Ginneken's algorithm. Our experiments show that the buffers inserted significantly improve the overall design density with virtually no impact on either CPU time or buffered net delays.
Negative Differential Resistance Circuit Design and Memory Applications (2009)

Based on a circuit point of view, a high-performance negative differential resistance (NDR) element is designed and a possible compact device implementation is presented. The NDR structure exhibits ultrahigh peak-to-valley current ratio and also high switching speed. The corresponding process and design are completely compatible with contemporary Si CMOS technology, as they rely on coupled transistor structures. A single-NDR element static-random-access-memory cell prototype with a compact size and high speed is proposed as an interesting application suitable for embedded memory.
Calculation Method of Moisture Flow Discharge Coefficient in Steam Turbines (2012)

This paper describes a calculation method of moisture flow discharge coefficient for designing wet-steam turbines. The flow discharge coefficient in wet-steam conditions is different from that in dry-steam conditions, because the former is affected by supersaturation phenomenon and wetness fraction. An accurate prediction of the flow discharge coefficient is required for flow-pattern design in turbine stages. The developed calculation method is divided four models according to the wetness levels in the nozzle & bucket rows, and defined by the functions of wet-steam properties, such as saturated & supersaturated isentropic exponents, wetness fraction, and pressure ratio in the nozzle & bucket rows. The calculation method is applied to a full-size & a model test turbine data for the prediction of the moisture flow discharge coefficient. As a result, the developed calculation method is found to be very effective for estimating the moisture flow discharge coefficient in a wide range of wetness fractions.
EBNA1-specific luminescent small molecules for the imaging and inhibition of latent EBV-infected tumor cells (2014)

An EBNA1-specific small molecule (JLP2) has been synthesised. As a strong binder and dimerization inhibitor of EBNA1 in vitro, JLP2 may be used as a selective luminescent agent for the imaging and inhibition of latent EBV-infected cancer cells.