gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of antibody responses induced in patients with biochemically recurrent and castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer (2008)

Background: GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer is comprised of 2 allogeneic prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) that have been modified to secrete GM-CSF. Studies completed to date include G-9802, a multicenter phase 1/2 trial in patients (pts) with biochemical (PSA) recurrence following prostatectomy or radiation therapy, and G-0010, a multicenter phase 2 trial in pts with CRPC. Methods: Immunotherapy-induced antibody (Ab) responses were evaluated in 14 pts from G-0010 whose actual survival exceeded that predicted by the Halabi nomogram using 2 methods: i) serological analysis of gene expression (SEREX) and ii) protein chip analysis. Ab responses observed in at least 2 of these 14 pts were then further examined in all evaluable G-0010 (n = 65) and G-9802 (n = 19) pts. Ab responses were evaluated for potential association with survival using the Cox regression model (G-0010) and for effect on PSA slope and doubling-time (PSADT) using Wilcoxon rank sum test (G-9802). Results: Analysis of Ab responses in 14 CRPC pts yielded 411 candidate Ags, of which 93 were seen in 2 or more pts. Preliminary data from evaluable G-0010 pts suggest that Abs to protein FLJ14668, neuronatin, cardiolipin and HLA-A24 may be associated with survival independently of treatment duration and prognostic factors. Exploratory analyses in evaluable G-9802 pts showed a positive association between induction of Ab to filamin-B (FLNB) and post-treatment declines in PSA slope (P = 0.0226). PSADT increased by a median of 85 weeks in patients with an anti-FLNB response (n = 6) vs. 10 weeks in those without (n = 13; P = 0.011). Conclusions: GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer induces a polyvalent IgG Ab response. The majority of proteins targeted are patient-specific; however, a smaller group of higher frequency Ab targets were identified. Apparent associations of Abs to multiple proteins with survival and PSA kinetics were observed in G-0010 and G-9802, respectively, and will be evaluated prospectively in ongoing phase 3 trials of GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer with the goal of identifying potential biomarkers of response. This abstract was published in Cancer Immunity, a Cancer Research Institute journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research.
Networking to implement diagnostic capacity and (re-) evaluate the public health importance of leptospirosis in the Institut Pasteur International Network (2011)

Leptospirosis is a tropical neglected disease that is highly under-diagnosed and under-reported, mostly because of a lack of diagnosis capacity. The Institut Pasteur International Network includes researchers and physicians that have a recognized expertise in the field of leptospirosis epidemiology and diagnosis. Taking advantage of this international and widespread network of expertise, we currently aim at implementing the diagnosis of leptospirosis in institutes, countries or regions where it was not available. With the financial support of the Institut Pasteur International Network, biologists and researchers from French Guyana, Cameroon, Guadeloupe (West Indies), Cote d’Ivoire, Cambodia, New Caledonia and France currently work at implementing and inter-calibrating leptospirosis diagnosis in their respective institutes.

Because of very slow and delicate culture of Leptospira spp., the early diagnosis of leptospirosis increasingly relies on PCR. Using its own molecular platform and expertise, each institute implements the PCR or qPCR method of its choice for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. Common Leptospira suspensions are shared to commonly evaluate the sensitivity of the PCR assays.

The serological reference method uses the Micro Agglutination Test (MAT), a method that requires continuous culture of live leptospires and experienced staff for interpretation. Therefore, commercially available serological tests (Elisa for the detection of anti-Leptospira IgM) are used as a first diagnosis approach. The French National Reference Center then validates the results and identifies the infecting serogroup using a reference MAT panel.

These diagnostic tools are then offered to patients hospitalized with predefined leptospirosis-like symptoms, as a way to (re-) evaluate the contribution of leptospirosis to non-malarial febrile illnesses in these countries and regions.

The global architecture and goals of our Lepto-network will be presented, together with epidemiological research perspectives using the tools and expertise developed through this network.
Purification and characterization of adenosine deaminase from a genetically enriched mouse cell line. (1985)

Mammalian adenosine deaminase has been shown by genetic and biochemical evidence to be essential for the development of the immune system. For the purpose of studying the function and structure of this enzyme, we have isolated by genetic selection a mouse cell line, B-1/50, in which adenosine deaminase levels were increased 4,300-fold over the parent cell line. The enzyme was purified from these cells in large quantity and high yield by a simple two-step purification scheme. The enzyme derived from the B-1/50 cells was indistinguishable from that of the parental cells as judged by several biochemical criteria. The Km (30 microM) and Ki (4 nM) values using adenosine as substrate and 2'-deoxycoformycin as inhibitor, respectively, were identical for the enzyme derived from the parental cells as well as the adenosine deaminase gene amplification mutants. The enzyme from both cell types exhibited multiple isoelectric focusing forms which co-purified using our purification protocol. Electrophoretic analysis using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels showed that adenosine deaminase migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 41,000 or 36,000 depending on whether the enzyme was reduced or oxidized, respectively. This shift was reversible, indicating that proteolysis was not responsible for the faster migrating form. Monospecific antibodies raised against purified adenosine deaminase cross-reacted with the enzyme derived from the parental cells and precipitated 37% of the total soluble protein in the B-1/50 cells. Continued genetic selection resulted in the isolation of cells in which adenosine deaminase was overproduced by 11,400-fold and accounted for over 75% of the soluble protein.
A gridded electron gun for a sheet beam klystron (2004)

In this paper we propose a gridded electron gun(dispenser-cathode gun) for sheet beam devices. The current generation of accelerators typically use klystrons with a cylindrical beam generated by a pierce-type electron gun. The gun design were used to determine the starting point for the electrodes to produce the compression. The use of grid was chosen for short pulse formation. The result showed that a very quality beam could be achieved even in the presence of the shadow grid.
QoS Architecture for a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (2007)

Dynamic allocation of network resources in packet-based mobile ad hoc networks requires the operation of autonomous mechanisms that can provide assurance that the user or host application can reasonably expect a satisfactory quality-of-service (QoS). In general, a combination of mechanisms is required to operate concurrently and in real-time to meet this objective. This paper discusses an architectural framework for a mobile ad hoc node, where the functionality required to achieve QoS is achieved by a combination offunctional layers and cross-layer control methods. The framework enables functionalities to support QoS at the application, transport, network, MAC, and physical levels by adaptation to application traffic loads, network conditions, topology, and radio linkperformance. The QoS framework described provides a basis for many possible implementations. Examples of its application that illustrate key functionalities are discussed. These include: adaptation of physical layer attributes to enhance network fabric capacity, source to destination path selection to enhance end-to-end performance, and admission control to facilitate operation.
Efficient compression method for pronunciation dictionaries (2004)

Pronunciation dictionaries are often used with other datadriven methods to model the pronunciations in phonemebased automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. The dictionaries usually take a great amount of memory, which is a limiting factor in portable handheld devices. Compressing the pronunciation dictionaries results in minimal transmission bandwidth and less storage memory. In this paper we present a new procedure to efficiently compress pronunciation dictionaries. First, a novel method transforms the dictionary to a lower entropy representation. Second, the variability in the aligned pronunciation dictionary is reduced to further lower its entropy. Finally, generic lossless compression is applied on the transformed dictionary. Experiments were carried out on English names and words from US English CMU dictionary. The proposed scheme achieved 37.5% improvement over general-purpose lossless text compression.
A new enzymatic route for production of long 5'-phosphorylated oligonucleotides using suicide cassettes and rolling circle DNA synthesis (2007)

We present here a method for the enzymatic production through DNA amplification of oligonucleotides with freely designable 5'-ends and 3'-ends, using hairpin-containing self-templating oligonucleotides. The hairpin comprises recognition sequences for a nicking enzyme and a restriction enzyme. The oligonucleotides are amplified by successive rounds of ligation, rolling circle DNA synthesis and nicking. Furthermore, the hairpin can be removed by cleavage with the Mly I restriction enzyme. We have named such hairpin structures "suicide cassettes".
A harmonic-selective wireless Full-Band-Capture receiver with digital harmonic rejection calibration (2017)

A 30mW Full-Band-Capture receiver based on harmonic selection is presented. The prototype receiver employs a 32-phase non-overlapping LO, and is capable of simultaneously receiving multiple wireless signals arbitrarily located between 600MHz and 3GHz. The receiver achieves 2.4 to 5dB NF and tolerates more than −10dBm out-of-band blockers. A digital harmonic rejection calibration is also proposed to overcome phase and amplitude mismatches in the 32-phase LO and down-conversion paths.
Electrolyte-Assisted Hydrogen Storage Reactions (2018)

Use of electrolytes, in the form of LiBH4/KBH4 and LiI/KI/CsI eutectics, is shown to significantly improve (by more than a factor of 10) both the dehydrogenation and full rehydrogenation of the MgH2/Sn destabilized hydride system and the hydrogenation of MgB2 to Mg(BH4)2. The improvement revealed that interparticle transport of atoms heavier than hydrogen can be an important rate-limiting step during hydrogen cycling in hydrogen storage materials consisting of multiple phases in powder form. Electrolytes enable solubilizing heavy ions into a liquid environment and thereby facilitate the reaction over full surface areas of interacting particles. The examples presented suggest that use of electrolytes in the form of eutectics, ionic liquids, or solvents containing dissolved salts may be generally applicable for increasing reaction rates in complex and destabilized hydride materials.
Superovulation Using the Combined Administration of Inhibin Antiserum and Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin Increases the Number of Ovulated Oocytes in C57BL/6 Female Mice (2015)

Superovulation is a reproductive technique generally used to produce genetically engineered mice. Superovulation in mice involves the administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) to promote follicle growth and then that of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation. Previously, some published studies reported that inhibin antiserum (IAS) increased the number of ovulated oocytes in ddY and wild-derived strains of mice. However, the effect of IAS on the C57BL/6 strain, which is the most widely used inbred strain for the production of genetically engineered mice, has not been investigated. In addition, the combined effect of IAS and eCG (IASe) on the number of ovulated oocytes in superovulation treatment has not been examined. In this study, we examined the effect of IAS and eCG on the number of ovulated oocytes in immature female mice of the C57BL/6 strain in superovulation treatment. Furthermore, we evaluated the quality of obtained oocytes produced by superovulation using IASe by in vitro fertilization (IVF) with sperm from C57BL/6 or genetically engineered mice. The developmental ability of fresh or cryopreserved embryos was examined by embryo transfer. The administration of IAS or eCG had a similar effect on the number of ovulated oocytes in C57BL/6 female mice. The number of ovulated oocytes increased to about 3-fold by the administration of IASe than by the administration of IAS or eCG alone. Oocytes derived from superovulation using IASe normally developed into 2-cell embryos by IVF using sperm from C57BL/6 mice. Fresh or cryopreserved 2-cell embryos produced by IVF between oocytes of C57BL/6 mice and sperm from genetically engineered mice normally developed into live pups following embryo transfer. In summary, a novel technique of superovulation using IASe is extremely useful for producing a great number of oocytes and offspring from genetically engineered mice.
Gene Expression of Endothelin Isoforms and Receptors in Endothelin-1 Knockout Mice (1995)

Gene expression of endothelin (ET) isoforms and receptors was examined in ET-1 knockout mice and compared with that of wild-type mice. ET-1 mRNA and peptide levels were in parallel with the number of Edn1 authentic alleles. ET-2 mRNA levels in intestine and ET-3 mRNA and/or peptide levels in lung, brain, and intestine were not different among Edn1+/+ wild-type, Edn1+/- heterozygous, and Edn1-/- homozygous mice. ET(A) and ETB receptor mRNA levels in several organs also were not different among Edn1+/+ wild-type, Edn1+/- heterozygous, and Edn1-/- homozygous mice. These results suggest that gene expression of ET-2, ET-3, and ET(A/B) receptors is not affected by levels of ET-1 production and is regulated independently. Neither compensation by redundant expression of other ET isoforms nor upregulation of ET receptors could explain the elevated blood pressure in Edn1+/- heterozygous mice.
System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo (2005)

This paper explores some of the system dynamics and control issues for a short-stroke rotary actuator that we designed and tested for a new fast tool servo referred to as the 10 kHz rotary fast tool servo. The use of a fast tool servo (FTS) with a diamond turning machine for producing non-axisymmetric or textured surfaces on a workpiece is well known. In a previous paper [1] the authors provide details on the mechanical design and trade-off issues that were considered during the design phase for the fast tool servo. At the heart of that machine is the normal-stress variable reluctance rotary actuator described in more detail in this paper. In addition to producing the torque that is needed for the 10 kHz rotary fast tool servo, the actuator produces a force and is therefore referred to as a hybrid rotary/linear actuator. The actuator uses bias and steering magnetic fluxes for linearizing the torque versus current relationship. Certain types of electric engraving heads use an actuator similar in principle to our hybrid actuator. In the case of the engraving heads, the actuator is used to produce and sustain a resonating mechanical oscillator. This is in sharp contrast to the arbitrary trajectory point-to-point closed-loop control of the tool tip that we demonstrate with our actuator and the 10 kHz FTS. Furthermore, we demonstrate closed-loop control of both the rotary and linear degrees of freedom for our actuator. We provide a brief summary of the demonstrated performance of the 10 kHz rotary fast tool servo, and discuss the magnetic circuit for the actuator and some of the related control issues. Montesanti [2] provides a more detailed and thorough discussion on the 10 kHz rotary fast tool servo, the hybrid actuator, and the pertinent prior art.
Sound field reproduction for consumer and professional audio applications (2013)

Sound field reproduction has been developed for the last twenty years in research laboratories but has only made its way into the professional market and consumer markets a few years ago. Sound field reproduction addresses the major problem of classical channel based reproduction (two channel stereophony and its derivation: 5.1 and 7.1) that can only reproduce accurately the spatial properties of sound scenes within a very restricted listening area. Sound field reproduction enables to expand the size of the listening area up to the entire listening room, thus providing a collective experience. This paper provides a review of existing sound field reproduction technologies and an analysis of their applicability to real life applications. It also outlines the key dependency of these sound field reproduction techniques to the delivery format of the audio content. Various applications are reviewed ranging from sound reinforcement in live scenario to sound reproduction at home where sound field reproduction is already used.
Cloned Mycoplasma Ribosomal RNA Genes for the Detection of Mycoplasma Contamination in Tissue Cultures (1984)

A cloned fragment of the mycoplasma ribosomal RNA operon was used as a molecular probe for the detection of mycoplasmas in cell cultures. According to the conditions of hybridization, the probe can detect prokaryotes in general or mycoplasmas specifically.
Unified Architecture for Multichannel End-to-End Speech Recognition With Neural Beamforming (2017)

This paper proposes a unified architecture for end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) to encompass microphone-array signal processing such as a state-of-the-art neural beamformer within the end-to-end framework. Recently, the end-to-end ASR paradigm has attracted great research interest as an alternative to conventional hybrid paradigms with deep neural networks and hidden Markov models. Using this novel paradigm, we simplify ASR architecture by integrating such ASR components as acoustic, phonetic, and language models with a single neural network and optimize the overall components for the end-to-end ASR objective: generating a correct label sequence. Although most existing end-to-end frameworks have mainly focused on ASR in clean environments, our aim is to build more realistic end-to-end systems in noisy environments. To handle such challenging noisy ASR tasks, we study multichannel end-to-end ASR architecture, which directly converts multichannel speech signal to text through speech enhancement. This architecture allows speech enhancement and ASR components to be jointly optimized to improve the end-to-end ASR objective and leads to an end-to-end framework that works well in the presence of strong background noise. We elaborate the effectiveness of our proposed method on the multichannel ASR benchmarks in noisy environments (CHiME-4 and AMI). The experimental results show that our proposed multichannel end-to-end system obtained performance gains over the conventional end-to-end baseline with enhanced inputs from a delay-and-sum beamformer (i.e., BeamformIT) in terms of character error rate. In addition, further analysis shows that our neural beamformer, which is optimized only with the end-to-end ASR objective, successfully learned a noise suppression function.
Insulations for metallic glasses in pulse power systems (1991)

The authors report on magnetic properties and voltage hold-off strengths for various insulation materials used with iron-based metallic glass alloys with both low and high induced anisotropy energies. Cowound insulation films as well as conformal insulations were investigated. None of the insulations was found to have uniformly good voltage hold-off, low induced stress, and a high packing fraction for pulse power applications. Conformal insulations either tended to degrade the magnetic properties of the cores or were too thin to provide uniform voltage hold-off. Cowound insulations had adequate voltage hold-off but resulted in cores with lower packing fractions than did conformal insulations. Cores cowound with mica paper insulation and annealed after winding had the best magnetic properties among the cowound cores.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A highly linear monolithic CMOS detector for computed tomography (2011)

Computed tomography (CT) requires high-speed detector with wide dynamic range (WDR) and high linearity. CMOS CT detectors have been demonstrated with WDR and quantum-limited noise. However, existing CMOS CT detectors have low linearity, which cause artifacts during the image reconstruction. They also require high-resolution off-chip analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to quantize the WDR. In this work, a new synchronous partial quantization technique is developed for highly-linear CMOS CT detectors. System-level and circuit-level innovations enable the new detector to extend the dynamic range with constant potential well size, which results in high linearity. The new monolithic detector includes a low-resolution ADC to quantize the residual voltage. A prototype detector is fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process. The new detector has 75.5% geometrical detective quantum efficiency with the ADC and the voltage reference. Measurements show the detector can quantize signal currents from 6 pA to 63.4 nA with relative deviation lower than 0.06% at 1.1 kHz frame rate, which removes the detector-induced artifacts after the image reconstruction. The electronic noise of the detector is smaller than the X-ray Poisson noise in the whole signal range. The minimum detector noise is 0.6 pA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> . As a result, the detector achieves 16.7 bits dynamic range.
Two- and Three-dimensional MR Coronary Angiography with Intraarterial Injections of Contrast Agent in Dogs: A Feasibility Study (2003)

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of coronary arteries were acquired with an inversion recovery-prepared technique after intraarterial injection of contrast material in five dogs. Real-time two-dimensional projection images were obtained with a temporal resolution of 3 frames per second. Three-dimensional electrocardiographically triggered high-spatial-resolution images were obtained with a fraction of the contrast agent required for intravenous injections. Background tissues were adequately suppressed in all images. On the basis of this experimental data, the optimal contrast agent concentration for two-dimensional real-time projection imaging was 6%. This preliminary work shows that contrast material-enhanced MR angiography with intraarterial injections is feasible with the proposed techniques.