gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromyographic analysis of the extending muscles of the knee during functional activities. (2002)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of electrical activity of the muscles vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus medialis long (VML), and, rectus femoris (RF) during functional activities. The electromyography of the VMO, VML and RF muscles were analyzed in ten healthy volunteers. Signs were collected through superficial electrodes and a electrogoniometer, connected to a signal condition module. The analysis of the results after treating the signals shows us that there is a similar electromyographical behavior in the three studied muscles. Therefore, these discoveries suggest a common electrical behavior pattern especially between VMO and VL muscles in healthy volunteers.
Biocatalytic Conversion of Renewable Feedstocks to Industrial Chemicals (2004)

Biocatalytic systems to economically produce biochemicals, using less expensive feedstocks like cellulose are an attractive alternative to petroleum based chemical synthesis. This is due, in part, to significant advances in our understanding and application of genetic and metabolic engineering of host organisms and biomass hydrolyzing enzymes. This chapter explores an enzymatic process for conversion of lignocellulose-based feedstocks to glucose and the concomitant conversion of glucose by microorganisms and/or enzymes to desired chemical products. In this process, glucose conversion to products parallels its formation by enzymatic catalysis. This reduces enzyme inhibition and speeds the conversion of cellulose to products. Furthermore, such a process provides key glucose-controlled biocatalytic conditions, which are critical for many fermentative processes.
Distinct pathways of homologous recombination controlled by the SWS1-SWSAP1-SPIDR complex (2020)

Abstract Homology-directed repair (HDR), a critical DNA repair pathway in mammalian cells, is complex, leading to multiple outcomes with different impacts on genomic integrity. However, the factors that control these different outcomes are often not well understood. Here we show that SWS1-SWSAP1-SPIDR controls distinct types of HDR. Despite their requirement for stable assembly of RAD51 recombinase at DNA damage sites, these proteins are not essential for intra-chromosomal HDR, providing insight into why patients and mice with mutations are viable. However, SWS1-SWSAP1-SPIDR is critical for inter-homolog HDR, the first mitotic factor identified specifically for this function. Furthermore, SWS1-SWSAP1-SPIDR drives the high level of sister-chromatid exchange, promotes long-range loss of heterozygosity often involved with cancer initiation, and impels the poor growth of BLM helicase-deficient cells. The relevance of these genetic interactions is evident as SWSAP1 loss prolongs Blm -mutant embryo survival, suggesting a possible druggable target for the treatment of Bloom syndrome.
Arteriovenous fistulas induced by femoral arterial catheterization: percutaneous treatment. (1998)

On the basis of the preliminary data, the authors believe that the percutaneous closure of arteriovenous fistulas with stent-grafts is a safe and effective alternative to conventional surgery.
A two-stage codebook building method using fast WAN (2003)

Pattern-matching based document compression systems rely on finding a small set of patterns that can be used to represent the whole document. When analyzing and comparing this kind of system two factors have to be considered: the compression rate attained and the speed and associated complexity of the codebook building. In order to reduce the computational burden of the pattern matching operation while keeping a good compression ratio, we propose a new fast algorithm to carry out a WAN (weighted AND-NOT) matching process. Thus, codebook building is performed in two stages: the first step is based on FWAN (fast WAN) with a loose threshold; in the second one a more accurate but slower method (CTM, EPM) is applied over the initial approximate codebook. This screening greatly reduces the search space for the clustering procedure implicit in obtaining the library without altering the compression ratio. Experimental results show a very good speed performance for this new algorithm: at least three times faster than the usual WAN.
Combined Infrared Thermal Imaging and Laser Heating for the Study of Materials Thermophysical and Processing Properties at High Temperatures (2012)

Abstract not provided
Inflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha impart neuroprotection to an excitotoxin through distinct pathways. (1999)

The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha are produced within the CNS, and, similar to the periphery, they have pleotrophic and overlapping functions. We have shown previously that TNF-alpha increases neuronal survival to a toxic influx of calcium mediated through neuronal N-methyl-d -aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate-gated ion channels. This process, termed excitotoxicity, is a major contributor to neuronal death following ischemia or stroke. Neuroprotection by this cytokine requires both activation of the p55/TNF receptor type I and the release of TNF-alpha from neurons, and it is inhibited by the plant alkaloid nicotine. Here, we report that other inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6) are also neuroprotective to excessive NMDA challenge in our system. Neuroprotection provided by IL-1 is distinct from TNF-alpha because it is inhibited by IL-1 receptor antagonist; it is not antagonized by nicotine, but it is inhibited by a neutralizing Ab to nerve growth factor (NGF). Similar to IL-1, IL-6-mediated neuroprotection is also antagonized by pretreatment with IL-1 receptor antagonist and it is not affected by nicotine. However, neutralizing anti-NGF only partially blocks IL-6-mediated protection. These studies support an important role for distinct but overlapping neuroprotective cytokine effects in the CNS.
Challenges in Mass Spectrometry Based Targeted Metabolomics (2010)

The gap of the post-genomic era is increasingly being filled by the metabolomics approach, comprising a technology for analyzing small molecule endogenous metabolites (<1500 Dalton) in complex biological samples. This new analytical science has progressed within the last years particularly with regard to improvements in mass spectrometry based detection, now allowing highly robust, reproducible, selective and sensitive qualitative or quantitative analysis of endogenous metabolites. The precise and accurate quantitation of these metabolites via targeted metabolomics, now critically contributes to the quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds in biomarker discovery and validation thus to future personalized therapy. The analytical methods of choice in (MS-based) targeted metabolomics primarily are HPLC-API-MS/MS, FIA-APIMS/MS and GC-MS. In the parent paper, we provide an introduction and brief survey on the technological basis of targeted metabolomics in biomarker research, discuss various relevant analytical aspects in mass spectrometry including comparison to non-targeted approaches, effects of sample preparation, impact of sample stability, carryover- and matrix effects, need for standardization and for proficiency tests, standardization of analytical methods as well as the requirement for method validation.
A proposed model membrane and test method for microneedle insertion studies (2014)

A commercial polymeric film (Parafilm M(®), a blend of a hydrocarbon wax and a polyolefin) was evaluated as a model membrane for microneedle (MN) insertion studies. Polymeric MN arrays were inserted into Parafilm M(®) (PF) and also into excised neonatal porcine skin. Parafilm M(®) was folded before the insertions to closely approximate thickness of the excised skin. Insertion depths were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT) using either a force applied by a Texture Analyser or by a group of human volunteers. The obtained insertion depths were, in general, slightly lower, especially for higher forces, for PF than for skin. However, this difference was not a large, being less than the 10% of the needle length. Therefore, all these data indicate that this model membrane could be a good alternative to biological tissue for MN insertion studies. As an alternative method to OCT, light microscopy was used to evaluate the insertion depths of MN in the model membrane. This provided a rapid, simple method to compare different MN formulations. The use of Parafilm M(®), in conjunction with a standardised force/time profile applied by a Texture Analyser, could provide the basis for a rapid MN quality control test suitable for in-process use. It could also be used as a comparative test of insertion efficiency between candidate MN formulations.
Heparan Sulfate Regrowth Profiles Under Laminar Shear Flow Following Enzymatic Degradation (2013)

The local hemodynamic shear stress waveforms present in an artery dictate the endothelial cell phenotype. The observed decrease of the apical glycocalyx layer on the endothelium in atheroprone regions of the circulation suggests that the glycocalyx may have a central role in determining atherosclerotic plaque formation. However, the kinetics for the cells' ability to adapt its glycocalyx to the environment have not been quantitatively resolved. Here we report that the heparan sulfate component of the glycocalyx of HUVECs increases by 1.4-fold following the onset of high shear stress, compared to static cultured cells, with a time constant of 19 h. Cell morphology experiments show that 12 h are required for the cells to elongate, but only after 36 h have the cells reached maximal alignment to the flow vector. Our findings demonstrate that following enzymatic degradation, heparan sulfate is restored to the cell surface within 12 h under flow whereas the time required is 20 h under static conditions. We also propose a model describing the contribution of endocytosis and exocytosis to apical heparan sulfate expression. The change in HS regrowth kinetics from static to high-shear EC phenotype implies a differential in the rate of endocytic and exocytic membrane turnover.
Beyond Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Biological and Nanoscale Systems (2009)

After photoexcitation, energy absorbed by a molecule can be transferred efficiently over a distance of up to several tens of angstroms to another molecule by the process of resonance energy transfer, RET (also commonly known as electronic energy transfer, EET). Examples of where RET is observed include natural and artificial antennae for the capture and energy conversion of light, amplification of fluorescence-based sensors, optimization of organic light-emitting diodes, and the measurement of structure in biological systems (FRET). Forster theory has proven to be very successful at estimating the rate of RET in many donor-acceptor systems, but it has also been of interest to discover when this theory does not work. By identifying these cases, researchers have been able to obtain, sometimes surprising, insights into excited-state dynamics in complex systems. In this article, we consider various ways that electronic energy transfer is promoted by mechanisms beyond those explicitly considered in Forster RET theory. First, we recount the important situations when the electronic coupling is not accurately calculated by the dipole-dipole approximation. Second, we examine the related problem of how to describe solvent screening when the dipole approximation fails. Third, there are situations where we need to be careful about the separability of electronic coupling and spectral overlap factors. For example, when the donors and/or acceptors are molecular aggregates rather than individual molecules, then RET occurs between molecular exciton states and we must invoke generalized Forster theory (GFT). In even more complicated cases, involving the intermediate regime of electronic energy transfer, we should consider carefully nonequilibrium processes and coherences and how bath modes can be shared. Lastly, we discuss how information is obscured by various forms of energetic disorder in ensemble measurements and we outline how single molecule experiments continue to be important in these instances.
Comparison of the in Vitro Skin Penetration of Propiverine with That of Terodiline. (1995)

This study was designed to clarify the relationship between the properties of propiverine and skin penetration, and to compare the in vitro penetration characteristics of propiverine and terodiline through rat skin. Propiverine in both hydrochloride and free forms penetrated across the skin extremely slowly, with a 2.6 times higher flux in the hydrochloride than that in the free base, in the absence of enhancers. Various enhancers failed to enhance the penetration of propiverine hydrochloride, whereas the same agents slightly increased the flux of the free form, these being due to the slow release rate of the free form from the gel formulations, an extremely high lipophilicity (log Poct/water > 4.97), much less solubility (0.141 mg/ml) and a large partition capacity of the drug to skin components. Terodiline in both forms was able to rapidly penetrate through the skin, even in the absence of enhancers, with 20.2 and 9.8 times higher fluxes respectively, than the corresponding forms of propiverine. The high penetration characteristics of terodiline would be due to a suitable lipophilicity, low binding property as well as the structural masking from the binding to the epidermal components. Propiverine hydrochloride penetrated through the stratum corneum 4.4 times and viable skin 3.1 times higher than through full-thickness skin, while the fluxes of terodiline through the stratum corneum and viable skin were similar to each other, with high penetration rates for each form.
Early Assessment of Vestibular Function after Unilateral Cochlear Implant Surgery (2019)

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cochlear implantation (CI) has been reported to negatively affect vestibular function. The study of vestibular function has variably been conducted using different types of diagnostic tools. The combined use of modern, rapidly performing diagnostic tools could prove useful for standardization of the evaluation protocol. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a group of 28 subjects undergoing CI, the video head impulse test (vHIT), the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) and the short form of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire were investigated preoperatively and postoperatively (implant on and off) in both the implanted and the contralateral, nonimplanted ear. All surgeries were performed with a round window approach (RWA), except for 3 otosclerosis cases in which the extended RWA (eRWA) was used. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The vHIT of the lateral semicircular canal showed preoperative vestibular involvement in nearly 50% of the cases, while the 3 canals were contemporarily affected in only 14% of the cases. In all the hypofunctional subjects, cVEMP were absent. A low VOR gain in all of the investigated superior semicircular canals was found in 4 subjects (14%). In those subjects (21.7%) in whom cVEMP were preoperatively present and normal on the operated side, the absence of a response was postoperatively recorded. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The vestibular protocol applied in this study was found to be appropriate for distinguishing between the CI-operated ear and the nonoperated ear. In this regard, cVEMP was found to be more sensitive than vHIT for revealing a vestibular sufferance after CI, though without statistical significance. Finally, the use of RWA surgery apparently did not reduce the occurrence of signs of vestibular impairment.
Full Accounting of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in the U.S. Population in 1988–1994 and 2005–2006 (2008)

Over 40% of people aged > or =20 years have hyperglycemic conditions, and prevalence is higher in minorities. Diagnosed diabetes has increased over time, but other conditions have been relatively stable.
A Practical Guide to Rodent Islet Isolation and Assessment (2009)

Pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete hormones that are vital to the regulation of blood glucose and are, therefore, a key focus of diabetes research. Purifying viable and functional islets from the pancreas for study is an intricate process. This review highlights the key elements involved with mouse and rat islet isolation, including choices of collagenase, the collagenase digestion process, purification of islets using a density gradient, and islet culture conditions. In addition, this paper reviews commonly used techniques for assessing islet viability and function, including visual assessment, fluorescent markers of cell death, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and intracellular calcium measurements. A detailed protocol is also included that describes a common method for rodent islet isolation that our laboratory uses to obtain viable and functional mouse islets for in vitro study of islet function, beta-cell physiology, and in vivo rodent islet transplantation. The purpose of this review is to serve as a resource and foundation for successfully procuring and purifying high-quality islets for research purposes.
Dynamic Laryngotracheal Closure for Aspiration: A Preliminary Report (2001)

Based on the first two patients, paced laryngotracheal separation is clinically effective in controlling aspiration.
Unravelling the transport mechanism of pore-filled membranes for hydrogen separation (2018)

The permeation characteristics of palladium pore filled (PF) membranes have been investigated with gas permeation and structural characterization of the membranes. PF membranes have been prepared by filling with Pd the nanoporous γ-Al2O3/YSZ (or pure YSZ) layer supported onto porous α-Al2O3 and ZrO2. The number of nanoporous layers and the applied vacuum level during the electroless plating process have been studied. Gas permeation properties of the PF membranes have been determined in a temperature range of 300–550 °C. The measured hydrogen permeances have been found to be lower than previously reported for similar membranes. It has been found that the hydrogen fluxes do not depend on the thickness of the nanoporous layers (γ-Al2O3/YSZ or pure YSZ) or on the vacuum pump employed for filling with Pd. The physicochemical characterization performed showed that the palladium deposited does not form a percolated network across the mesoporous layer(s), leading to low hydrogen permeances and thus low H2/N2 perm-selectivities.
Safety and Efficacy of Intradermal Injection of Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Oily Skin (2013)

Intradermal injection of botulinum toxin significantly reduced sebum production in the forehead region, with a high degree of patient satisfaction. Intradermal botulinum toxin may be an effective treatment to reduce sebum production in patients with oily skin. Larger, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled studies are warranted.
Fabrication of transmission filters with singleor multiple flattened passbandsbased on chirped Moire gratings (1999)

The fabrication of transmission filters with single or multiple flattened passbands based on chirped Moiré gratings is reported. The gratings are fabricated by the dual-exposure of a single chirped phase mask in conjunction with an amplitude mask. The filters have a ripple < 0.5 dB in the passband, exhibit an isolation of > 12 dB, and have near-constant in-band group delay.
Dual-molecule spectroscopy: molecular rulers for the study of biological macromolecules (1996)

Single-molecule detection and spectroscopy by laser induced fluorescence offer many applications to life sciences. We review recent techniques and experiments based on the detection and spectroscopy of two near-by molecules. The spectroscopic signature of the light emitted from the two molecules can be used to measure the distance, orientation and relative dynamics between biological macromolecules.
Fire and Restoration of Sagebrush Ecosystems (2006)

Wildlife managers often resort to prescribed fire to restore sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems thought to have been affected by fire exclusion. However, a fire mosaic of burned and unburned areas may be tolerated by certain wildlife but can be detrimental to sagebrush obligates. This article assesses evidence about the historical frequency and pattern of fire in sagebrush ecosystems and the need for prescribed fire. Fire-scar data from nearby forests require adjustment to estimate fire rotation, the time required to burn once through a sagebrush landscape. Estimates from forests require correction for unburned area and because sagebrush burns less often than forests. Recovery time also might indicate fire rotation. Mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana) recovers within about 35–100 or more years after fire, and Wyoming big sagebrush (A. t. ssp. wyomingensis) requires 50–120 or more years. Fire rotation in other ecosystems is 2 or more times the recovery period. Together, the evidence suggests fire rotations may be a minimum of 325–450 years in low sagebrush (A. arbuscula), 100–240 years in Wyoming big sagebrush, 70–200 years or more in mountain big sagebrush, and 35–100 years in mountain grasslands with a little sagebrush. Given these long rotations, fire exclusion likely has had little effect in most sagebrush areas. If maintaining and restoring habitat for sagebrush-dependent species is the goal, fire should be suppressed where there is a threat of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Elsewhere, fire does not need to be reintroduced until native understory plants can be restored, so that sagebrush ecosystems can fully recover from fire.
Synthesis and characterization of labile spherosilicates: [(Me3SnO)8Si8O12] and [(Me4SbO)8Si8O12] (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of labile spherosilicates: [(Me3SnO)8Si8O12] and [(Me4SbO)8Si8O12]Frank J. Feher and Keith J. WellerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 5, 880–882Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00005a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00005a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts