gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Collagen/Alginate Hybrid Scaffolds Functionalized with a Drug Delivery System (DDS) for Bone Tissue Regeneration (2011)

Biomedical scaffolds have recently evolved into various functional materials, including drug delivery systems (DDS). Here, we report the development of a new, highly porous scaffold based on a layer-by-layer collagen scaffold coated with an alginate polymer, which shows improved mechanical properties and controllable drug release without loss of the original biological function of the collagen scaffold. In particular, the scaffold (75 vol % alginate in a collagen scaffold with a porosity of 88%) attained a Young’s modulus of 30 MPa, which is ∼9 times the value for the pure collagen scaffold (porosity = 98%). Although the scaffolds are highly porous, the drug release and initial burst were well-controlled with an appropriate volume fraction of alginate. Osteoblast-like cells (MG63) readily proliferated and migrated into the interior of the scaffolds, and calcium and phosphate on the cell surfaces were well-formed, similarly on pure collagen and alginate/collagen scaffolds, within only 7 days of culture. The alginate/collagen scaffolds with a drug delivery function have potential as biomedical scaffolds for clinical use in soft and hard tissue regeneration.
Clinical efficacy and safety results for dose escalation of somatostatin receptor ligands in patients with acromegaly: a literature review (2010)

Acromegaly is a rare disease with a multifaceted clinical presentation. In 90–95% of patients with acromegaly, the disease is caused by a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma with elevated GH levels that ultimately induce excessive hepatic secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) are considered the standard medical choice for the treatment of acromegaly, and normalization of GH and IGF-1 is attainable with effective therapy. This review aims to summarize the literature relative to SRL dose escalation therapy in patients with acromegaly. A United States National Library of Medicine PubMed search of SRL’s was conducted using the following search terms: ((((LAR) OR ATG) OR octreotide) OR lanreotide Autogel) AND acromegaly. Related articles in non peer-reviewed journals were excluded. The rationale and benefits of SRL dose optimization therapy were investigated with emphasis on describing the clinical recognition, treatment, and management of patients with acromegaly. We found that dose escalation could provide additional biochemical control of acromegaly in patients who are inadequately controlled with conventional starting doses of octreotide LAR and lanreotide Autogel®. Furthermore, patients should routinely have their GH and IGF-1 levels closely monitored and their SRL dose increased or decreased thereafter according to individual response.
LANTERN: learn analysis transform network for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging with small dataset (2019)

This paper proposes to learn analysis transform network for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (LANTERN) with small dataset. Integrating the strength of CS-MRI and deep learning, the proposed framework is highlighted in three components: (i) The spatial and temporal domains are sparsely constrained by using adaptively trained CNN. (ii) We introduce an end-to-end framework to learn the parameters in LANTERN to solve the difficulty of parameter selection in traditional methods. (iii) Compared to existing deep learning reconstruction methods, our reconstruction accuracy is better when the amount of data is limited. Our model is able to fully exploit the redundancy in spatial and temporal of dynamic MR images. We performed quantitative and qualitative analysis of cardiac datasets at different acceleration factors (2x-11x) and different undersampling modes. In comparison with state-of-the-art methods, extensive experiments show that our method achieves consistent better reconstruction performance on the MRI reconstruction in terms of three quantitative metrics (PSNR, SSIM and HFEN) under different undersamling patterns and acceleration factors.
All-in-one processing of heterogeneous human cell grafts for gene and cell therapy (2016)

Current cell processing technologies for gene and cell therapies are often slow, expensive, labor intensive and are compromised by high cell losses and poor selectivity thus limiting the efficacy and availability of clinical cell therapies. We employ cell-specific on-demand mechanical intracellular impact from laser pulse-activated plasmonic nanobubbles (PNB) to process heterogeneous human cell grafts ex vivo with dual simultaneous functionality, the high cell type specificity, efficacy and processing rate for transfection of target CD3+ cells and elimination of subsets of unwanted CD25+ cells. The developed bulk flow PNB system selectively processed human cells at a rate of up to 100 million cell/minute, providing simultaneous transfection of CD3+ cells with the therapeutic gene (FKBP12(V36)-p30Caspase9) with the efficacy of 77% and viability 95% (versus 12 and 60%, respectively, for standard electroporation) and elimination of CD25+ cells with 99% efficacy. PNB flow technology can unite and replace several methodologies in an all-in-one universal ex vivo simultaneous procedure to precisely and rapidly prepare a cell graft for therapy. PNB's can process various cell systems including cord blood, stem cells, and bone marrow.
PBA increases CFTR expression but at high doses inhibits Cl<sup>−</sup>secretion in Calu-3 airway epithelial cells (1999)

Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), a short-chain fatty acid, has been approved to treat patients with urea cycle enzyme deficiencies and is being evaluated in the management of sickle cell disease, thalassemia, cancer, and cystic fibrosis (CF). Because relatively little is known about the effects of PBA on the expression and function of the wild-type CF transmembrane conductance regulator (wt CFTR), the goal of this study was to examine the effects of PBA and related compounds on wt CFTR-mediated Cl(-) secretion. To this end, we studied Calu-3 cells, a human airway cell line that expresses endogenous wt CFTR and has a serous cell phenotype. We report that chronic treatment of Calu-3 cells with a high concentration (5 mM) of PBA, sodium butyrate, or sodium valproate but not of sodium acetate reduced basal and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP-stimulated Cl(-) secretion. Paradoxically, PBA enhanced CFTR protein expression 6- to 10-fold and increased the intensity of CFTR staining in the apical plasma membrane. PBA also increased protein expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. PBA reduced CFTR Cl(-) currents across the apical membrane but had no effect on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in the basolateral membrane. Thus a high concentration of PBA (5 mM) reduces Cl(-) secretion by inhibiting CFTR Cl(-) currents across the apical membrane. In contrast, lower therapeutic concentrations of PBA (0.05-2 mM) had no effect on cAMP-stimulated Cl(-) secretion across Calu-3 cells. We conclude that PBA concentrations in the therapeutic range are unlikely to have a negative effect on Cl(-) secretion. However, concentrations >5 mM might reduce transepithelial Cl(-) secretion by serous cells in submucosal glands in individuals expressing wt CFTR.
Aggregation-prone GFAP mutation in Alexander disease validated using a zebrafish model (2017)

Alexander disease (AxD) is an astrogliopathy that predominantly affects the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS), and is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an intermediate filament primarily expressed in astrocytes and ependymal cells. The main pathologic feature of AxD is the presence of Rosenthal fibers (RFs), homogeneous eosinophilic inclusions found in astrocytes. Because of difficulties in procuring patient’ CNS tissues and the presence of RFs in other pathologic conditions, there is a need to develop an in vivo assay that can determine whether a mutation in the GFAP results in aggregation and is thus disease-causing. We found a GFAP mutation (c.382G > A, p.Asp128Asn) in a 68-year-old man with slowly progressive gait disturbance with tendency to fall. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with AxD based on clinical and radiological findings. To develop a vertebrate model to assess the aggregation tendency of GFAP, we expressed several previously reported mutant GFAPs and p.Asp128Asn GFAP in zebrafish embryos. The most common GFAP mutations in AxD, p.Arg79Cys, p.Arg79His, p.Arg239Cys and p.Arg239His, and p.Asp128Asn induced a significantly higher number of GFAP aggregates in zebrafish embryos than wild-type GFAP. The p.Asp128Asn GFAP mutation is likely to be a disease-causing mutation. Although it needs to be tested more extensively in larger case series, the zebrafish assay system presented here would help clinicians determine whether GFAP mutations identified in putative AxD patients are disease-causing.
Understanding the stroma of pancreatic cancer: co‐evolution of the microenvironment with epithelial carcinogenesis (2013)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a notoriously therapy-resistant desmoplastic tumour. Antifibrotic therapy is shown to increase drug delivery in the preclinical setting. However, this approach can be a double-edged sword: first, PDAC is not uniform and some types of (dormant) stroma may in fact be protective; second, conventional chemotherapeutics are not powerful enough to eradicate all cancer cells in the tumour, therefore breaking down the stromal wall non-selectively may also lead to the increased dissemination of cancer cells. Recently, Kadaba et al have analysed the impact of the stromal cells in pancreatic, oesophageal and skin cancers, in bio-engineered, physiomimetic organotypic cultures. These authors show that the maximal effect on increasing cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as decreasing cancer cell apoptosis, occurs when pancreatic stellate cells constitute the majority of the cellular population in a three-dimensional (3D) model. This work may be instrumental for better understanding the types of stoma in PDAC before eliminating it non-selectively.
Preparation and characterization of p-type Sb2Te3 and n-type Bi2Te3 thin films grown by coevaporation (2001)

p -type antimony telluride thin films and n-type bismuth telluride thin films have been deposited by coevaporation on glass substrates. The conditions for deposition have been investigated as a function of substrate temperature (Ts), flux ratio (Fr=F(Te)/F(Sb, Bi)) and optimized to achieve a high thermoelectric power factor. The quality of deposited films, e.g. structure, composition and morphology, has been examined by x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, and with an atomic force microscope. The thermoelectric properties of the thin films have been evaluated by room temperature measurement of the Seebeck coefficient, Hall coefficient, and electrical resistivity. Both the crystallinity and the transport properties are strongly affected by nonstoichiometry with the highly stoichiometric samples exhibiting a high crystallinity and high thermoelectric power factor. The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of p-type Sb2Te3 thin film (αp, σp) and n-type Bi2Te3 thin films (αn, σn) were found to be about 185 μV/K, 0.32×103 Ω−1 cm−1 and −228 μV/K, 0.77×103 Ω−1 cm−1, respectively. The results indicate that good quality antimony telluride and bismuth telluride thin films grown by coevaporation are promising candidate materials for use in the fabrication of micro-Peltier modules.
Microsystems for Single‐Cell Analysis (2017)

Abstract Due to the heterogeneity that exists even between cells of the same tissue, it is essential to use techniques and devices able to resolve the characteristics of single biological cells, such as morphology, metabolism, or response to drugs. To that end, different structures with sizes similar to that of individual cells have been developed in recent years, which allow single‐cell studies with high sensitivity and high resolution. By employing a variety of sensing strategies, one can obtain complementary information about individual cells, and thus create a complete picture of cellular properties. This review aims to provide an overview of microscale single‐cell sensors. The progress in micrometer‐sized sensing probes as well as microfluidic and micropatterned devices is described, showing the capabilities of the available systems. In addition, a comprehensive compendium of systems based on rolled‐up microtubes, which have the potential to advance and improve the single‐cell analysis microsystem field, is comprised.
Patch test sensitivity to Kathon® CG (1986)

Among 1511 consecutive patients patch tested with Kathon CG at 100 ppm active ingredient, 13 (0.8%) gave a positive reaction. Use test with a lotion containing Kathon CG (8.6 ppm) revealed no reaction in 11 patients with a positive patch test. It is concluded that a positive patch test reaction to 100 ppm does not initiate eczema after use of products preserved with Kathon CG in the low concentrations (3-15 ppm) used in final products.
Investigating cellular identity and manipulating cell fate using induced pluripotent stem cells (2012)

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, obtained from reprogramming somatic cells by ectopic expression of a defined set of transcription factors or chemicals, are expected to be used as differentiated cells for drug screening or evaluations of drug toxicity and cell replacement therapies. As pluripotent stem cells, iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology and marker expression. Several types of iPS cells have been generated using combinations of reprogramming molecules and/or small chemical compounds from different types of tissues. A comprehensive approach, such as global gene or microRNA expression analysis and whole genomic DNA methylation profiling, has demonstrated that iPS cells are similar to their embryonic counterparts. Considering the substantial variation among iPS cell lines reported to date, the safety and therapeutic implications of these differences should be thoroughly evaluated before they are used in cell therapies. Here, we review recent research defining the concept of standardization for iPS cells, their ability to differentiate and the identity of the differentiated cells.
Bias Voltage Dependence of Tunneling Magnetoresistance and Annealing Effect in Spin Dependent Tunnel Junctions (1999)

Junctions with Al2O3 and AIN barriers were fabricated through contact shadow masks (0.25mm2-size) and by a self-aligned lithography process (9×2μm2-size). The Al2O3 barrier was formed by plasma oxidation. The AlN barrier was prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering. Room temperature tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is 1.6% for the AIN junctions and up to 24% for the Al2O3 junctions. The TMR for all junctions decreases with increase of applied bias voltage and drops to half its initial value at a bias voltage between 116 mV and 437 mV. The weakest bias voltage dependence occurs for junctions with higher barrier heights, and thinner barrier thickness. Annealing at 100-200 °C leads to a 20% increase of TMR and a 40% decrease of junction resistance for the 9×2μm2 junctions, leading to a maximum TMR of 27%. Both TMR and junction resistance were increased for the AlN junctions due to annealing.
Distinct capacity for differentiation to inner ear cell types by progenitor cells of the cochlea and vestibular organs (2016)

Disorders of hearing and balance are most commonly associated with damage to cochlear and vestibular hair cells or neurons. Although these cells are not capable of spontaneous regeneration, progenitor cells in the hearing and balance organs of the neonatal mammalian inner ear have the capacity to generate new hair cells after damage. To investigate whether these cells are restricted in their differentiation capacity, we assessed the phenotypes of differentiated progenitor cells isolated from three compartments of the mouse inner ear - the vestibular and cochlear sensory epithelia and the spiral ganglion - by measuring electrophysiological properties and gene expression. Lgr5<sup>+</sup> progenitor cells from the sensory epithelia gave rise to hair cell-like cells, but not neurons or glial cells. Newly created hair cell-like cells had hair bundle proteins, synaptic proteins and membrane proteins characteristic of the compartment of origin. PLP1<sup>+</sup> glial cells from the spiral ganglion were identified as neural progenitors, which gave rise to neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but not hair cells. Thus, distinct progenitor populations from the neonatal inner ear differentiate to cell types associated with their organ of origin.
MANF improves the MPP<sup>+</sup>/MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease via improvement of mitochondrial function and inhibition of oxidative stress. (2018)

MANF can attenuate the neuronal lesion in MPTP/MPP<sup>+</sup>-induced PD mice, which may be related to the improvement of mitochondrial function and inhibition of oxidative stress.
A Simple Device Unit Consisting of All NiO Storage and Switch Elements for Multilevel Terabit Nonvolatile Random Access Memory (2011)

Present charge-based silicon memories are unlikely to reach terabit densities because of scaling limits. As the feature size of memory shrinks to just tens of nanometers, there is insufficient volume available to store charge. Also, process temperatures higher than 800 °C make silicon incompatible with three-dimensional (3D) stacking structures. Here we present a device unit consisting of all NiO storage and switch elements for multilevel terabit nonvolatile random access memory using resistance switching. It is demonstrated that NiO films are scalable to around 30 nm and compatible with multilevel cell technology. The device unit can be a building block for 3D stacking structure because of its simple structure and constituent, high performance, and process temperature lower than 300 °C. Memory resistance switching of NiO storage element is accompanied by an increase in density of grain boundary while threshold resistance switching of NiO switch element is controlled by current flowing through NiO film.
Additive effect of steroids and cholesterol on the liposomal transfection of the breast cancer cell line T-47D. (2004)

The efficiency of gene transfer is many times higher in viral than in liposomal transfection. One reason for this is an insufficient intracellular transport of the exogenous DNA into the nucleus in lipofection. Using liposomal transfection techniques for gene therapy is safer than viral approaches, so it would be of great importance to find solutions for their enhancement. We found a 4.51-fold increase in liposomal transfection of T-47D breast cancer cells by the addition of progesterone and a 2.81-fold increase by the addition of cholesterol. The transfection efficiency was measured as the activity of the delivered reporter gene luciferase. The addition of progesterone and cholesterol in combination led to a further enhancement of the transfection efficiency up to 13.72-fold. This additive effect could also be seen when we combined cholesterol with other steroids, but not by the combination of different steroids. All of these steroids alone had also the potential to increase liposomal transfection. Therefore we suggest that steroids and cholesterol enhance liposomal transfection by different mechanisms. Both substances have been shown to shift the exogenous DNA from the cytosol to the nucleus. Steroids normally act through intracellular steroid receptors, which migrate into the nucleus upon activation. The transfected DNA might be co-transported to the nucleus together with the migration of the activated steroid receptors. Even if cholesterol causes also an intracellular shift of DNA to the nucleus, its impact on the fluidity of cellular membranes or on the stability of lipoplexes in serum containing media could be mainly responsible for its effect. If the steroid enhanced liposomal transfection is dependent on the presence of steroid receptors, a specifically-enhanced gene delivery for a subgroup of gynecological tumours expressing high levels of steroid receptors could be possible.
A Novel Massively Parallel Testing Method Using Multi-Root for High Reliability (2014)

Wafer testing (wafer sort) is used in the semiconductor industry to reduce test costs. High parallelism is important to reduce test application time. However, increasing parallelism is becoming more difficult because the elements that drive test costs are increases in the pin count of the system on chip (SOC), and required automated test equipment (ATE) channels. While the need for parallelism has been growing, a reliability problem in which fault distribution causes good devices under test (DUT) to be improperly tested is becoming a concern. To achieve high parallelism and reliability, we propose a novel, massively parallel testing method using multi-root. In addition, we develop a test setup for setting the root-DUT location and the path of all DUTs. Using the proposed wafer testing method, test data can be transferred between the ATE and dies using multi-roots. The experimental results using ITC 02 SOC benchmarks show that the proposed method can reduce test costs up to 90%, and achieve nearly 94.84% test reliability without affecting yield.
The Anatomy and Histology of the Rotator Interval Capsule of the Shoulder (2001)

Forty-seven rotator interval regions from fetuses and 10 fresh-frozen rotator interval regions from adult cadavers were evaluated by gross dissection and light microscopy. Specimens from adults also were evaluated with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. An analysis of 37 fetal specimens (> 14 weeks gestation) revealed two rotator interval types: Type I (9 of 37) was defined by a contiguous bridge of capsule consisting of poorly organized collagen fibers. A Type II rotator interval (28 of 37) had a complete defect covered by only a thin layer of synovium. Similar to the Type II rotator interval in the fetus, a rotator interval defect was present in six of eight specimens from adults. Histologically, the capsular tissue within the rotator interval consisted of poorly organized collagen fibers in specimens from the fetus and adult. Maximal opening of the rotator interval was seen by ultrasound with internal rotation and downward traction of the hyperextended arm in the coronal, oblique, and sagittal planes. Magnetic resonance imaging of the rotator interval region permitted anatomic evaluation. The complete absence of tissue in 28 of 37 fetuses suggests that the rotator interval defect is congenital. The authors recommend that surgeons carefully evaluate the integrity of the tissue within the rotator interval. When rotator interval closure is desired such as in patients with a persistent sulcus sign after arthroscopic stabilization, suturing the edges of more substantial tissue immediately adjacent to the boundaries of the rotator interval region would seem prudent.
Research on Developing DPF Blowback Heating Regeneration Device (2011)

Development of human society faces two important subjects-energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this paper, Carbon smoke particulate materials (PM)-one of the main pollutants discharged by diesel were studied, and the characteristics, together with the actual state of diesel in China were introduced. In the light of the high-sulfur content of domestic diesel fuel, compulsory regeneration heater with LPG as heating source was designed, using particulate filter DPF made from Silicon carbide fiber non-woven material, which provides a technical route for the design and use of DPF blowback regeneration heater.