gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SEX PHEROMONE OF THE POTATO TUBERWORM MOTH, <i>PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA</i>: ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD EVALUATION (1976)

The sex pheromone of the potato tuberworm moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.) has been identified as a mixture of trans ‐4, cis ‐7‐tridecadienyl acetate and trans ‐4, cis ‐1, cis ‐10 tridecatrienyl acetate. The identifications have been carried out by means of electroantennography, mass, infrared and n.m.r. spectroscopy. The identifications have been confirmed by synthesis. Both compounds occur in the insects in about equal amounts. The individual compounds are attractive to male moths in pheromone traps. The triolefinic ester was found to be much more attractive than the diolefinic ester. However, mixtures of both compounds in the ranges of 4:1 tot 1:4 are much more attractive than the individual compounds or traps baited with two virgin female moths. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG SEXUALPHEROMONE DER KARTOFFELMOTTE , PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA. ISOLIE‐RUNG, IDENTIFIKATION UND FREILANDBEWERTUNG Das Sexualpheromon von Phthorimaea operculella (Gelechiidae) wurde identifiziert als ein Gemisch von trans ‐4, cis ‐7‐Tridecadienylacetat und trans ‐4, cis ‐1, cis ‐10‐Tridecatrienylacetat. Die beiden Identifizierungen wurden durchgeführt mit Hilfe von Elektroantennografie, Massenspektroskopie, Ultrarotspektroskopie und Kernspinnresonanzspektroskopie. Die beiden Identifizierungen wurden durch Synthese bestätigt. Die Pheromonkomponenten wurden in etwa gleiche Mengen von den Faltern isoliert. Beide Substanzen erwiesen sich sowohl in natürlicher wie in synthetischer Form als aktiv in der Elektroantennografie sowie im biologischen Test und in Sexfallen. Ein Mischungsverhältnis der beiden Komponenten von 4: 1 bis 1: 4 weist eine viel höhere Lockstoffwirkung auf als die beiden Einzelkomponenten oder als zwei lebende Weibchen. Ein Isomer des natürlichen Tridecatrienylacetat, nämlich cis ‐4, trans ‐7, cis ‐10‐Tridecatrienyl‐acetate, war nur schwach aktiv in den verschiedenen Testen. In Sexfallen wurde die Aktivität dieses Isomers durch Zusatz von trans ‐4, cis ‐7‐Tridecadienylacetat nicht erhöht.
Objective Stereoscopic Image Quality Assessment Method for 3DV System (2012)

Stereoscopic imaging technology has aroused a great concern recently due to the increasingly wide range of stereoscopic applications. Stereoscopic image quality assessment is of vital importance to evaluate the performance of three-dimensional video (3DV) systems. However, stereoscopic image quality assessment methods are very scarce presently. In the paper, according to human visual sensitivities to different regions with different scales, an objective stereoscopic image quality assessment (OSIQA) model is proposed to predict visual quality of a stereoscopic image. The structural differences among scales and regions are firstly calculated to obtain the left-right image quality assessment (LR-IQA) index after multi-scale decomposition. Then, a concept of absolute disparity image is defined to describe absolute difference between the left and the right images, and the changes referring to the brightness, structure and pixel statistical information between the original and the distorted absolute disparity images are regarded to gain the stereoscopic perception image quality assessment (SP-IQA) index. Finally, according to the weights of LR-IQA and SP-IQA indices, LR-IQA and SP-IQA are combined into OSIQA. Experimental results show that the proposed method closely approximates subjective evaluation with the correlation coefficient of 0.938, the Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient of 0.946, and the root mean square error of 5.952 for all the five distortions, including Gaussian blurring, Gaussian white noise, JP2K, JPEG and H264 compressions.
Generic Object Detection with Dense Neural Patterns and Regionlets (2014)

This paper addresses the challenge of establishing a bridge between deep convolutional neural networks and conventional object detection frameworks for accurate and efficient generic object detection. We introduce Dense Neural Patterns , short for DNPs, which are dense local features derived from discriminatively trained deep convolutional neural networks. DNPs can be easily plugged into conventional detection frameworks in the same way as other dense local features(like HOG or LBP). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated with the Regionlets object detection framework. It achieved 46.1% mean average precision on the PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset, and 44.1% on the PASCAL VOC 2010 dataset, which dramatically improves the original Regionlets approach without DNPs. It is the first approach efficiently applying dee p convolutional features for conventional object detection models.
Formation Mechanism of Porosity in Deep Penetration Laser Welding (2006)

High power laser is a promising tool to weld heavy section plate members. One of the problems, in this case, is formation of some weld defects such as porosity and hot cracking. In the present paper, formation mechanism of the porosity has been investigated in the deep penetration laser welding. 20 kW CO2 laser was used to attain the deep penetration in excess of 20 mm. Dynamic keyhole behaviour was observed during welding using a micro-focused x-ray transmission imaging system. Significant fluctuation in the keyhole depth of about 40% was observed even in the CW welding. The bubble was formed at the keyhole tip during abrupt decrease in the keyhole depth. The keyhole was closed with surrounding molten metal just above the tip, resulting in bubble formation. This is caused by capillary instability of the cylindrical keyhole. Most of the bubbles were combined with each other in the molten pool and remain after solidification. It causes the porosity. The bubble formation is promoted by fluctuation of the keyhole in the radial direction. Increasing the power density in the keyhole is effective in suppressing the porosity by stabilizing the keyhole. However, optimization of the welding variables was not enough to prevent the porosity.
Screening Drugs for Metabolic Stability Using Pulsed Ultrafiltration Mass Spectrometry (2002)

A pulsed ultrafiltration-mass spectrometric screening method has been developed to evaluate the metabolic stability of drugs. Pooled human liver microsomes containing cytochrome P450 enzymes were trapped by an ultrafiltration membrane in a stirred flow-through chamber, and eight beta-blocker drugs including acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, and timolol were flow-injected through the chamber along with the cofactor NADPH. The ultrafiltrate was collected, concentrated and analyzed by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) in order to quantitate the unmetabolized fraction of each drug. The metabolic stability of each beta-blocker was determined based on the difference between the corresponding LC-MS-MS peak areas of an experimental incubation and a control without NADPH. A flow-through incubation method, pulsed ultrafiltration metabolic screening minimizes the potential for product feed back inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes. The importance of this phenomenon was illustrated by the observation that the metabolic stability of the set of beta-blocker drugs measured using pulsed ultrafiltration more closely resembled the in vivo stability than that determined using a conventional batch incubation with microsomes or an incubation with human hepatocytes. Since a mixture of compounds was analyzed, the relative metabolic stability of each compound could be assessed by comparison to the other compounds in the incubation. This approach might be particularly useful for the ranking of a directed library of drug leads with respect to metabolic stability and then the selection of lead compounds for further drug development.
Dermoscopy-guided reflectance confocal microscopy of skin using high-NA objective lens with integrated wide-field color camera (2016)

Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, or RCM, is being increasingly used to guide diagnosis of skin lesions. The combination of widefield dermoscopy (WFD) with RCM is highly sensitive (~90%) and specific (~ 90%) for noninvasively detecting melanocytic and non-melanocytic skin lesions. The combined WFD and RCM approach is being implemented on patients to triage lesions into benign (with no biopsy) versus suspicious (followed by biopsy and pathology). Currently, however, WFD and RCM imaging are performed with separate instruments, while using an adhesive ring attached to the skin to sequentially image the same region and co-register the images. The latest small handheld RCM instruments offer no provision yet for a co-registered wide-field image. This paper describes an innovative solution that integrates an ultra-miniature dermoscopy camera into the RCM objective lens, providing simultaneous wide-field color images of the skin surface and RCM images of the subsurface cellular structure. The objective lens (0.9 NA) includes a hyperhemisphere lens and an ultra-miniature CMOS color camera, commanding a 4 mm wide dermoscopy view of the skin surface. The camera obscures the central portion of the aperture of the objective lens, but the resulting annular aperture provides excellent RCM optical sectioning and resolution. Preliminary testing on healthy volunteers showed the feasibility of combined WFD and RCM imaging to concurrently show the skin surface in wide-field and the underlying microscopic cellular-level detail. The paper describes this unique integrated dermoscopic WFD/RCM lens, and shows representative images. The potential for dermoscopy-guided RCM for skin cancer diagnosis is discussed.
Lipid Raft Microdomains: A Gateway for Compartmentalized Trafficking of Ebola and (2002)

Spatiotemporal aspects of filovirus entry and release are poorly understood. Lipid rafts act as functional platforms for multiple cellular signaling and trafficking processes. Here, we report the compartmentalization of Ebola and Marburg viral proteins within lipid rafts during viral assembly and budding. Filoviruses released from infected cells incorporated raft-associated molecules, suggesting that viral exit occurs at the rafts. Ectopic expression of Ebola matrix protein and glycoprotein supported raft-dependent release of filamentous, virus-like particles (VLPs), strikingly similar to live virus as revealed by electron microscopy. Our findings also revealed that the entry of filoviruses requires functional rafts, identifying rafts as the site of virus attack. The identification of rafts as the gateway for the entry and exit of filoviruses and raftdependent generation of VLPs have important implications for development of therapeutics and vaccination strategies against infections with Ebola and Marburg viruses.
Development of an anti‐BAG3 humanized antibody for treatment of pancreatic cancer (2019)

We have previously shown that secreted BAG3 is a potential target for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and that pancreatic tumor growth and metastatic dissemination can be reduced by treatment with an anti-BAG3 murine antibody. Here, we used complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting to generate a humanized version of the anti-BAG3 antibody that may be further developed for possible clinical use. We show that the humanized anti-BAG3 antibody, named BAG3-H2L4, abrogates BAG3 binding to macrophages and subsequent release of IL-6. Furthermore, it specifically localizes into tumor tissues and significantly inhibits the growth of Mia PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell xenografts. We propose BAG3-H2L4 antibody as a potential clinical candidate for BAG3-targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Synthesis of 3-Deoxy-5-<i>O</i>-mycaminosyltylonolide and 3-Deoxy-5-<i>O</i>-(4-deoxymycaminosyl)tylonolide (1992)

Abstract The title compounds, which proved highly antibacterial, have been prepared by selective hydrogenation of the corresponding 2,3-unsaturated compounds with LiAlH4, diisobutylaluminium hydride, or NaBH4–NiCl2 as the key steps. Further, the latter title compound was prepared effectively through the reaction of 3-O-benzylsulfonyl-5-O-(4-deoxy-4-iodomycaminosyl)-23-O-(dimethylthexylsilyl)tylonolide 9,20-bis(ethylene acetal) with Raney Ni–K2CO3 involing three steps in it.
Enzymatically cross‐linked hydrogels and their adhesive strength to biosurfaces (2005)

Transglutaminase cross-linked hydrogels are injectable, in-situ formed, biodegradable, and expected to be useful in a variety of applications including sustained drug delivery, medical and dental adhesives, tissue repair and engineering as polymeric scaffolds, and gene therapy.
Two-Channel High-Pressure Helium-3 Scintillation Neutron Detector (2004)

We have developed a two-channel, high-pressure /sup 3/He gas scintillation detector that operates in coincidence mode. The detector consists of two 16-mm diameter avalanche photodiodes viewing a 7-mm gap between them and mounted inside a stainless steel shell with 1.5-mm thick input windows. The gap is filled with a /sup 3/He+0.5%Xe gas mixture pressurized at 35 bar. The detector rejects signals generated by radiation interacting directly with the photodiodes and works as a "wall-less" detector, sensitive to interactions occurring only in the gas. The detector shows axial and radial position sensitivity to thermal neutrons within the gap between photodiodes. The position sensitivity is observed in good agreement with computer simulations. Applications are discussed.
[Inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression in human glioblastoma cell contributes to the cell growth suppression]. (1998)

Although normal human astrocytes rarely express fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR 1) mRNA, expression of FGFR 1 mRNA in astrocytomas increases as malignancy progresses. This result suggests that FGFR 1 can be one of important factors for glioblastoma cell growth. In our study, specific antisense oligonucleotides for FGFR 1 mRNA inhibited cell growth of SNB 19, human glioblastoma cell line, while sense oligonucleotides showed no cell reduction. And Southern blot analysis demonstrated decreased expression of FGFR 1 mRNA in only antisense group. Furthermore, cross-linking analysis revealed decreased number of FGFR 1 in antisense-treated SNB 19 in protein level. These results conclude that cell growth inhibition was caused by suppression of both transcription and translation of FGFR 1 mRNA. Interestingly, alpha-specific antisense also inhibited expression of beta-, and gamma-type of FGFR 1 mRNA which had no binding sites for the oligonucleotides. This fact indicates that antisense oligonucleotides binds to premature mRNA, which is previous form of mature mRNA before splicing, in nucleus. It is previously reported that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), major ligand to FGFR 1, was overly expressed in human malignant astrocytomas. Thus, increased number of FGFR 1 may contribute to the acceleration of bFGF autocrine or paracrine mechanism in glioblastoma.
Design and performance characteristics of the Pericarbon Stentless valve. (1995)

The Pericarbon Stentless valve (PS) in an unstented bioprosthesis made of glutaraldehyde tanned bovine pericardium. Its design concept and chemical fixation process are based on those developed for the stented Pericarbon valve, which has been in clinical use for eight years. The two-sheet design and the special suture pattern with which the two pieces of pericardium are attached aim at avoiding stress concentration during function. The resulting cylindrical structure is a relatively low-profile valve conduit, which can be further trimmed by the implanting surgeon to the individual patient's specific anatomical requirements. The main advantage of the stentless concept is optimum hemodynamic characteristics, inherent in the high external/internal diameter ratio. The unique design and material selection of the PS valve offer the following advantages: Free-hand insertion similar to that with homograft aortic valves. Absence of any fabric cover or reinforcement providing a maximum effective orifice area and reduced risk of infection. Wide range of available sizes from 15 mm to 29 mm. Special methods have been developed for laboratory testing of the PS. These, and the in vitro results are presented in detail, with particular emphasis on the hydrodynamic performances under different flow conditions. Clinical implantation of the Pericarbon Stentless valve has already been started, and early results in the aortic position show good hemodynamic function and a low rate of complications.
Speaker adaptation for segment-based isolated-word recognition (1992)

Our speaker-dependent recognition method (SD) requires 184 training words. To reduce this number, three types of speaker adaptation were studied. Using smaller training words, they adapt segment spectrum templates to a new speaker. The first, SA1, learns a transfer function for converting templates for an existing speaker to those for a new speaker. The second, SA2, is based on the idea that the system uses templates for multiple speakers whose voices resemble to that of the new speaker. The third, SA3, adds templates extracted from training words to speaker-independent templates for many speakers. For reference, a speaker-independent method (SI) and a method using other speaker’s templates (SO) were evaluated. All the methods were tested using a hard-to-recognize 100-word vocabulary by five speakers. The average recognition rates of SD, SI, and SO are 95.6%, 92.8%, and 85.3%. Those of SA1, SA2, and SA3 with 18 training words are 88.6%, 91.6%, and 93.8%. The performance of speaker adaptation from other speakers’ templates, such as SA1 and SA2, is worse than that of SI, and the adaptation from speaker-independent templates (SA3) is promising. In an evaluation using some ordinary 100-word vocabularies, the average recognition rates of SD and SA3 are 98.4% and 98.0%.
Recent Progress of Magnetic Refrigerant Materials at High Temperatures. (2002)

Recently, much attention has been given to magnetic refrigeration, because of its energy efficiency and environmental safety. The concept of magnetic refrigeration is based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE); therefore the development of magnetic materials with a large MCE is strongly desired. In this article we first review the recent development of magnetic refrigerator at temperatures of 20-300K. We then report on the recent progress of magnetic materials with a large MCE. The giant MCE was observed in Er (Co1-xNix)2, MnAs1-xSbx and Mn3GaC in temperature ranges of below 30K, above 220K and at around 160K, respectively. The origin of the giant MCE in these compounds is the first-order magnetic transition (FOMT). The advantage of utilizing the FOMT system as a magnetic refrigerant material is also described.
Photonic crystal optofluidics for high throughput biosensing (2008)

Photonic crystal reflectance filters are co-fabricated/integrated with microfluidic channels that enable selective tuning of resonant reflectance spectra on flexible, transparent plastic substrates. Label-free biodetection within the fluid network is demonstrated as an exemplary application.
White-Light, Dispersed-Fringe Interferometric Keratometer (1992)

Proposed keratometer based on scheme involving spectral dispersal of white-light interference fringes. Instrument operates in snapshot mode: no scanning necessary, not necessary to immobilize patient's eye. Insensitive to vibration, involves no phase shifting, and has variable sensitivity. Intended primarily for use in medical assessments of human corneas, also used to measure shapes of animal corneas, lenses, and other aspherical or spherical reflective or partly reflective surfaces.
Biomarkers of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2016)

Traditionally, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has not been regarded as an organic disease, and the pathophysiology of IBS is heterogeneous. Currently, the diagnosis of IBS is based upon the Rome diagnostic criteria. The performance of these criteria is only modest in predicting IBS, and moreover their validation is lacking. Additionally, as functional symptoms are common in the general population, healthy controls or volunteers are difficult to define and there is currently no definition of "normal" in the Rome criteria. Due to the weaknesses of the current diagnostic criteria, patients and doctors expect new gold standard diagnostic tools. Various etiologic mechanisms result in potential biomarkers. The focus of this research has been to find non-invasive biomarkers from serum, breath gas, and fecal materials. Though biomarkers should be based on biological and pathogenic processes, most biomarkers for IBS have been developed to identify organic diseases and therefore eliminate IBS. To date, these types of biomarkers for IBS have been disappointing. The purposes of developing biomarkers include improvement of diagnosis, differentiation from other organic diseases, and discrimination of IBS subtypes. A true mechanistic biomarker would make it possible to rule in IBS, rather than to rule out other organic diseases. New serologic biomarkers for diarrhea-predominant IBS have been introduced based on the pathophysiologic findings from a rat model and validation in a large-scale clinical trial. Further investigations of abnormal organic findings from each subtype of IBS would enable the development of new, simple subtype-specific biomarkers.
A B-tree dynamic router-table design (2005)

We propose B-tree data structures for dynamic router-tables for the cases when the filters are prefixes as well as when they are nonintersecting ranges. A crucial difference between our data structure for prefix filters and the MRT (multiway range trees) is that, in our data structure, each prefix is stored in O(1) B-tree nodes per B-tree level, whereas, in MRT, each prefix is stored in O(m) nodes per level (m is the order of the B-tree). As a result of this difference, the measured average insert and delete times using our structure are about 30 percent less than when MRT is used. Further, an update operation of MRT will, in the worst case, make 2.5 times as many cache misses as made when our structure is used. The asymptotic complexity to find the longest matching prefix is the same and the measured time for this operation also is nearly the same for both data structures. Both B-tree structures for prefix router-tables take O(n) memory. However, our structure is more memory efficient by a constant factor. For the case of nonintersecting ranges, our data structure requires O(n log/sub m/n) memory and O(log/sub m/n) nodes are accessed during an operation (finding the highest-priority matching range, insert and delete a range).
The Ideal MIMO Channel: Maximizing Capacity in Sparse Multipath with Reconfigurable Arrays (2006)

While the intense research on multi-antenna (MIMO) wireless communication channels was pioneered by results based on an i.i.d. channel model representing a rich multipath environment, there is growing experimental evidence that physical wireless channels exhibit a sparse multipath structure, even at relatively low antenna dimensions. In this paper, we propose a model for sparse multipath channels and study coherent MIMO capacity as a function of SNR for a fixed number of antennas. In a recent work, we had shown that the spatial distribution of the sparse multipath has a significant impact on capacity and had also characterized the optimal distribution (the ideal MIMO channel) that maximizes capacity at any operating SNR. In this paper, we refine these results and develop a framework for maximizing MIMO capacity at any SNR by systematically adapting the array configurations (antenna spacings) at the transmitter and receiver to the level of sparsity. Surprisingly, three canonical array configurations are sufficient for near-optimum performance over the entire SNR range. In a scattering environment with randomly distributed paths, the capacity gain due to optimal configuration is directly proportional to the number of antennas at low SNR's. Numerical results based on a realistic physical model are presented to illustrate capacity gains with reconfigurable antenna arrays