gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of Histone Methylation and Phosphorylation in Regulation of Transcription by Thyroid Hormone Receptor (2002)

Previous studies have established an important role of histone acetylation in transcriptional control by nuclear hormone receptors. With chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we have now investigated whether histone methylation and phosphorylation are also involved in transcriptional regulation by thyroid hormone receptor (TR). We found that repression by unliganded TR is associated with a substantial increase in methylation of H3 lysine 9 (H3-K9) and a decrease in methylation of H3 lysine 4 (H3-K4), methylation of H3 arginine 17 (H3-R17), and a dual modification of phosphorylation of H3 serine 10 and acetylation of lysine 14 (pS10/acK14). On the other hand, transcriptional activation by liganded TR is coupled with a substantial decrease in both H3-K4 and H3-K9 methylation and a robust increase in H3-R17 methylation and the dual modification of pS10/acK14. Trichostatin A treatment results in not only histone hyperacetylation but also an increase in methylation of H3-K4, increase in dual modification of pS10/acK14, and reduction in methylation of H3-K9, revealing an extensive interplay between histone acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation. In an effort to understand the underlying mechanism for an increase in H3-K9 methylation during repression by unliganded TR, we demonstrated that TR interacts in vitro with an H3-K9-specific histone methyltransferase (HMT), SUV39H1. Functional analysis indicates that SUV39H1 can facilitate repression by unliganded TR and in so doing requires its HMT activity. Together, our data uncover a novel role of H3-K9 methylation in repression by unliganded TR and provide strong evidence for the involvement of multiple distinct histone covalent modifications (acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation) in transcriptional control by nuclear hormone receptors.
Malicious Domain Names Detection Algorithm Based on Statistical Features of URLs (2022)

Malicious domains often employ a number of illegal activities to threaten people's lives, including their privacy and property. As a result, the task of detecting malicious domain names has become a focus of attention. To solve the problem, we propose a novel malicious domain name detection algorithm which is statistically characterized by Uniform Resource Locator URL) characters. Firstly, statistical features of the given URL are extracted based on prior knowledge of domain name. Secondly, a decision tree is constructed based on URL characters to count various features. In addition, this decision tree is also used to detect the already generated domain names. Finally, the legal domain names and the domain names we generated are composed as a kind of dataset. The test results show that the proposed detection algorithm has the average accuracy rate of 90.31% and precision rate of 90.03%, which means a better performance on malicious domain name detection.
A CASE tool platform using an XML representation of Java source code (2005)

Recent IDEs have become more extensible tool platforms but do not concern themselves with how other tools running on them collaborate with each other. They compel developers to use proprietary representations or the classical abstract syntax tree (AST) to build source code tools. Although these representations contain sufficient information, they are neither portable nor extensible. This paper proposes a tool platform that manages commonly used, fined-grained, information about Java source code by using an XML representation. Our representation is suitable for developing tools which browse and manipulate actual source code since the original code is annotated with tags based on its structure and retained within the tags. Additionally, it exposes information resulting from global semantic analysis, which is never provided by the typical AST. Our proposed platform allows the developers to extend the representation for the purpose of sharing or exchanging various kinds of information about the source code, and also enables them to build new tools by using existing XML utilities
Electron scattering analysis based on electron ray-tracing in extreme ultraviolet photomask (2014)

The electron distribution in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photomask and its impact on patterning quality are investigated by Monte Carlo simulation and experiments. The simulation of electron ray tracing was accomplished using geant4 software to investigate the electron scattering properties within ArF and EUV photomask. The authors showed that EUV photomask has an additional electron distribution in the range of 2 μm, and that it is generated by the transverse propagation of electrons at the boundary of the Mo and Si layers. Furthermore, the specific electron distribution of EUV photomask results in a size error of the measured pattern, with respect to the design size, according to pattern density and electron dose. To correct this size error, the authors propose the use of an electron beam (100 keV), or H+ ion beam (50 keV), or a mask-process-correction based on data biasing.
The Next Decade in AI: Four Steps Towards Robust Artificial Intelligence (2020)

Recent research in artificial intelligence and machine learning has largely emphasized general-purpose learning and ever-larger training sets and more and more compute. In contrast, I propose a hybrid, knowledge-driven, reasoning-based approach, centered around cognitive models, that could provide the substrate for a richer, more robust AI than is currently possible.
A kerfless 30 MHz linear ultrasonic array (2006)

In this study a 30 MHz kerfless linear array design was developed and was compared to a 30 MHz piezo-composite array of identical dimensions. A 2-D finite element model (PZFlex) was used to optimize and compare the performance of both arrays. The modeled results suggested that the kerfless array with two matching layers would have a two-way single element sensitivity 7 dB greater than that of the composite array with one acoustic matching layer. However analysis of one-way directivity patterns for single array elements showed a significant reduction in acceptance angle for the kerfless design due to the expected increase in electromechanical crosstalk. The modeled -6 dB acceptance angles were 28o and 50o for the kerfless array element and composite array element, respectively. Based upon these encouraging results kerfless and composite 30 MHz arrays were fabricated and tested. On average the sensitivity of the kerfless array echo response was only 0.8 dB higher than that of the composite array. The average echo center frequency and bandwidth was slightly higher than that of the composite array, whereas the maximum measured crosstalk for the kerfless array was 14 dB larger than that of the composite array. As expected, this crosstalk increase resulted in a reduction of element acceptance angle. The measured -6dB acceptance angle was 22o for the kerfless array and 35o for the composite array. Based upon these results it is expected that kerfless array technology will provide a viable alternate for high frequency linear array designs but should be considered only when an adequate composite is not available.
A Data-Driven Approach to Question Subjectivity Identification in Community Question Answering (2021)

Automatic Subjective Question Answering (ASQA), which aims at answering users'subjective questions using summaries of multiple opinions, becomes increasingly important. One challenge of ASQA is that expected answers for subjective questions may not readily exist in the Web. The rising and popularity of Community Question Answering (CQA) sites, which provide platforms for people to post and answer questions, provides an alternative to ASQA. One important task of ASQA is question subjectivity identification, which identifies whether a user is asking a subjective question. Unfortunately, there has been little labeled training data available for this task. In this paper, we propose an approach to collect training data automatically by utilizing social signals in CQA sites without involving any manual labeling. Experimental results show that our data-driven approach achieves 9.37% relative improvement over the supervised approach using manually labeled data, and achieves 5.15% relative gain over a state-of-the-art semi-supervised approach. In addition, we propose several heuristic features for question subjectivity identification. By adding these features, we achieve 11.23% relative improvement over word n-gram feature under the same experimental setting.
Interleukin‐15 induces adhesion receptor redistribution in T lymphocytes (1996)

Chemotactic factors such as cytokines and chemokines direct the migration of leukocytes into inflammatory sites. Chemokines play a role regulating both the expression and adhesive properties of leukocyte integrins. We have recently described an additional function of chemokines in the induction of cell polarization and adhesion receptor redistribution during the initial step of leukocyte locomotion. We herein report that interleukin (IL)-15, a newly described cytokine with chemotactic properties, is able to induce uropod formation on T lymphoblasts to which intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3, a leukocyte-restricted counter-receptor for the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 integrin, is redistributed. Other adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1, ICAM-2, CD43 and CD44, also redistributed to the uropod, although in a lower proportion of the cells. The induction of uropod formation by IL-15 was observed on T lymphoblasts adhering to the integrin ligands fibronectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and ICAM-1, but not to bovine serum albumin or poly-L-lysine. The effect of IL-15 was dose dependent and specifically inhibited by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against this cytokine. Blocking experiments with anti-IL-2 receptor beta chain mAb showed an inhibitory effect on IL-15-mediated redistribution of ICAM-3, whereas no effect was observed in the presence of anti-IL-2 receptor alpha chain mAb. The uropod induced by IL-15 is enriched in many different adhesion receptors and, being well exposed to the external milieu, is likely to modulate the adhesive properties of lymphocytes.
Study of HF Defects in Thin, Bonded Silicon-on-Insulator Dependent on Original Wafers (1999)

To study the origin of HF defects in thin, bonded silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers fabricated by the plasma assisted chemical etching (PACE) process, the dependence of HF defects on original wafers [wafers fabricated by Czochralski method (CZ wafers), hydrogen-annealed CZ wafers and epitaxial wafers] was investigated. It was shown that HF defect density was affected by the type of original wafer used, and no HF defect was detected when epitaxial wafers were used as bond wafers. HF defects were detected on 0.2 µm or thinner SOI wafers with CZ wafers. Crystal originated particles (COPs) at SOI and buried oxide (SOI/BOX) interface were found to be the main origin of HF defects by inspecting light point defects (LPDs) at the SOI/BOX interface.
Efficacy and safety of the oral p38 inhibitor PH-797804 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised clinical trial (2013)

NCT00559910.
Research Review: The role of diet in the treatment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder – an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies (2014)

Nevertheless, there is evidence from well-conducted studies for a small effect of SFFA. Restricted elimination diets may be beneficial, but large-scale studies are needed on unselected children, using blind assessment and including assessment of long-term outcome. Artificial food colour elimination is a potentially valuable treatment but its effect size remains uncertain, as does the type of child for whom it is likely to be efficacious. There are additional dietary supplements that have been used with children with ADHD. A systematic search identified 11 RCTs that investigated the effects of these food supplements. Despite positive results for some individual trials, more studies are required before conclusions can be reached on the value in reducing ADHD symptoms of any of these additional supplements.
K-means clustering visualization of web-based OLAP operations for hotspot data (2010)

In the previous work we developed the web-based OLAP (On-line Analytical Processing) integrated with the data warehouse for hotspot data in Indonesia. This work aims to develop a visualization module for hotspot clusters resulted from OLAP operations including roll up and drill down. The data warehouse consists of hotspot data represented in multidimensional model with two dimensions: time and location. In the dimension time, the ordered sequence of elements from the higher-level of hierarchy to the lowest is from year, quarter, to month. Whereas, the sequence in the dimension location is from island, province, to district. The clustering algorithm we applied was K-means in which the best clustering was obtained for the size of cluster 4 with average value of SSE (sum of square error) 0.2944 for combinations of elements in the dimension time and location. Hotspot clusters are visualized in form of maps in addition to crosstabs and graphics built in the previous work. The map module in the web-based OLAP can be used to better organize and analyze the hotspot data as one of indicators for forest fires occurrence in Indonesia.
The Potentials, Challenges, and Future Directions of On-Chip-Antennas for Emerging Wireless Applications—A Comprehensive Survey (2019)

The ever-growing demand for low power, high performance, cost-effective, low-profile, and highly integrated wireless systems for emerging applications has triggered the need for the enormous innovations in wireless transceiver systems, components, architectures and technologies. This is especially valid for the antenna which is an integral component of the wireless transceiver systems and contributes significantly in determining their overall performance. Antenna-on-Chip (AoC) is an alternative antenna technology, which has drawn a substantial attention in recent days because of its various benefits over off-chip antenna technology. A few of these benefits include miniaturization, low power, low cost, and high integration of the wireless modules. Motivated by these valuable advantages and to unveil the true potential of the AoCs, this article presents, for the first time, a comprehensive survey of the suitability, advantages, and challenges of the AoCs for the emerging wireless applications such as 5th generation (5G) Wireless Systems, Internet-of-Things (IoT) Wireless Devices and Systems, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Wireless Interconnects, Wireless Energy Transfer, Radio Frequency (RF) Energy Harvesting, Biomedical Implants, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Autonomous vehicles, Innovative characterization methods for Integrated Circuits (ICs) and Antennas, and Smart City. In addition, this article presents the current state-of-the-art of the AoC's applications by classifying their applications in Millimeter-Wave (MM-Wave) band, Terahertz (THz) band, and low-frequency bands. The article also investigates and describes some useful methods for the mitigation of the challenges and issues posed by the emerging applications for the realization of the AoCs in a systematic manner. A concise description of the future directions of the AoCs with respect to each emerging application is also a part of this article. It is expected that this well-structured and organized survey will not only act as an excellent source of scholarship for the relevant research community, but also open up a world of novel research opportunities.
Modeling crosstalk in resistive VLSI interconnections (1999)

We address the problem of crosstalk computation and reduction using circuit and layout techniques in this paper. We provide easily computable expressions for crosstalk amplitude and pulse width in resistive, capacitively coupled lines. The expressions hold for nets with arbitrary number of pins and of arbitrary topology. Experimental results show that the average error is about 10% and the maximum error is less than 20%. The expressions are used to motivate circuit techniques, such as transistor sizing, and layout techniques, such as wire ordering and wire width optimization to reduce crosstalk.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of a Thermostable α-Amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: Putative Role of Three Conserved Residues1 (1990)

The relationship between structure, activity, and stability of the thermostable Bacillus stearothermophilus alpha-amylase was studied by site-directed mutagenesis of the three most conserved residues. Mutation of His-238 to Asp involved in Ca2+ and substrate binding reduced the specific activity and thermal stability, but did not affect the pH and temperature optima. Replacement of Asp-331 by Glu in the active site caused almost total inactivation. Interestingly, in prolonged incubation this mutant enzyme showed an altered end-product profile by liberating only maltose and maltotriose. Conservative mutation of the conserved Arg-232 by Lys, for which no function has yet been proposed, resulted in lowered specific activity: around 12% of the parental enzyme. This mutant enzyme had a wider pH range but about the same temperature optimum and thermal stability as the wild-type enzyme. Results obtained with different mutants were interpreted by computer aided molecular modeling.
Reviews (1988)

Reviews Get access Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (new edition) Longman 1987 £6.50 (pb) £9.50 (hb)ISBN 0582842239/0582842240 David Heath, David Heath Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Thomas Herbst Thomas Herbst Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume 42, Issue 4, October 1988, Pages 315–317, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/42.4.315 Published: 01 October 1988 Article history Received: 01 December 1987 Published: 01 October 1988
Polymer‐Based Nitric Oxide Therapies: Recent Insights for Biomedical Applications (2011)

Since the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) in the 1980s, this cellular messenger has been shown to participate in diverse biological processes such as cardiovascular homeostasis, immune response, wound healing, bone metabolism, and neurotransmission. Its beneficial effects have prompted increased research in the past two decades, with a focus on the development of materials that can locally release NO. However, significant limitations arise when applying these materials to biomedical applications. This Feature Article focuses on the development of NO-releasing and NO-generating polymeric materials (2006-2011) with emphasis on recent in vivo applications. Results are compared and discussed in terms of NO dose, release kinetics, and biological effects, in order to provide a foundation to design and evaluate new NO therapies.
Metabolomics of B to Plasma Cell Differentiation (2011)

When small B lymphocytes bind antigen in the context of suitable signals, a profound geno-proteomic metamorphosis is activated that generates antibody-secreting cells. To study the metabolic changes associated with this differentiation program, we compared the exometabolome of differentiating murine B lymphoma cells and primary B cells by monodimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography. Principal component analysis, a multivariate statistical analysis, highlighted metabolic hallmarks of the sequential differentiation phases discriminating between the proliferation and antibody secreting phases and revealing novel metabolic pathways. During proliferation, lactate production increased together with consumption of essential amino acids; massive Ig secretion was paralleled by alanine and glutamate production, glutamine being used as carbon and energy sources. Notably, ethanol and 5'-methylthioadenosine were produced during the last phase of protein secretion and the proliferative burst, respectively. Our metabolomics results are in agreement with previous genoproteomics studies. Thus, metabolic profiling of extracellular medium is a useful tool to characterize the functional state of differentiating B cells and to identify novel underlying metabolic pathways.
A Centrifugal Analyzer with a New All-Digital Measurement System (1974)

Abstract An accurate, all-digital measurement system has been developed for use in a centrifugal analyzer system. The output of the radiation detector is converted directly to a digital count by a new type of charge-to-count converter. The converter is characterized by exceptional linearity and stability, and has a wide dynamic range. A gating and counting unit integrates the output of the charge-to-count converter and simultaneously measures the period of integration. The integration effectively discriminates against noise and allows an optimum amount of information to be extracted from the signal during the measurement period. Measurement of the integration period reduces requirements for synchronization and control devices, thus simplifying overall analyzer design. Control and data manipulation functions are performed by a minicomputer. The programs were written in OS/8 FORTRAN. The basic measurement principles of the new system and test results are described.
Prefemoral fat pad impingement syndrome: identification and diagnosis. (2013)

Fat pad impingement syndrome refers to anterior knee pain caused by hemorrhage, inflammation, fibrosis and/or degeneration of the anterior knee fat pads. Symptomatic impingement of the prefemoral fat pad can be clinically significant but easily overlooked on magnetic resonance imaging, unless looked for. It should be evaluated in patients with persistent anterior knee pain, particulary if accompanied with mechanical symptoms and lack of intra-articular pathology.
Review of renal cell carcinoma and its common subtypes in radiology (2016)

Representing 2%-3% of adult cancers, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 90% of renal malignancies and is the most lethal neoplasm of the urologic system. Over the last 65 years, the incidence of RCC has increased at a rate of 2% per year. The increased incidence is at least partly due to improved tumor detection secondary to greater availability of high-resolution cross-sectional imaging modalities over the last few decades. Most RCCs are asymptomatic at discovery and are detected as unexpected findings on imaging performed for unrelated clinical indications. The 2004 World Health Organization Classification of adult renal tumors stratifies RCC into several distinct histologic subtypes of which clear cell, papillary and chromophobe tumors account for 70%, 10%-15%, and 5%, respectively. Knowledge of the RCC subtype is important because the various subtypes are associated with different biologic behavior, prognosis and treatment options. Furthermore, the common RCC subtypes can often be discriminated non-invasively based on gross morphologic imaging appearances, signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images, and the degree of tumor enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations. In this article, we review the incidence and survival data, risk factors, clinical and biochemical findings, imaging findings, staging, differential diagnosis, management options and post-treatment follow-up of RCC, with attention focused on the common subtypes.