gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular functions of the BRCA tumour-suppressor proteins (2006)

Inherited germline mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2 confer a significant lifetime risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. Defining how these two genes function at the cellular level is essential for understanding their role in tumour suppression. Although BRCA1 and BRCA2 were independently cloned over 10 years ago, it is only in the last few years that significant progress has been made towards understanding their function in cells. It is now widely accepted that both genes play critical roles in the maintenance of genome stability. Evidence implicates BRCA2 as an integral component of the homologous recombination machinery, whereas BRCA1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has an impact on DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, cell-cycle progression and meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. In this article, I will review the most recent advances and provide a perspective of potential future directions in this field.
IQGAP1 Protein Specifies Amplifying Cancer Cells in Glioblastoma Multiforme (2006)

The accurate identification and thorough characterization of tumorigenic cells in glioblastomas are essential to enhance our understanding of their malignant behavior and for the design of strategies that target this important cell population. We report here that, in rat brain, the scaffolding protein IQGAP1 is a marker of brain nestin+ amplifying neural progenitor cells. In a rat model of glioma, IQGAP1 also characterizes a subpopulation of nestin+ amplifying tumor cells in glioblastoma-like tumors but not in tumors with oligodendroglioma features. We next confirmed that IQGAP1 represents a new marker that may help to discriminate human glioblastoma from oligodendrogliomas. In human glioblastoma exclusively, IQGAP1 specifies a subpopulation of amplifying nestin+ cancer cells. Neoplastic IQGAP1+ cells from glioblastoma can be expanded in culture and possess all the characteristics of cancer stem-like progenitors. The similarities between amplifying neural progenitors and glioblastoma amplifying cancer cells may have significant implications for understanding the biology of glioblastoma.
Gradient-based algorithms with applications to signal-recovery problems (2009)

This chapter presents, in a self-contained manner, recent advances in the design and analysis of gradient-based schemes for specially structured, smooth and nonsmooth minimization problems. We focus on the mathematical elements and ideas for building fast gradient-based methods and derive their complexity bounds. Throughout the chapter, the resulting schemes and results are illustrated and applied on a variety of problems arising in several specific key applications such as sparse approximation of signals, total variation-based image-processing problems, and sensor-location problems.
Transient Current Sensors for Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Switching Loss Measurements (2019)

This paper investigates the usability of different current measurement methods to determine Wide Bandgap (WBG) semiconductor switching energies in a double pulse test (DPT). A commercially available coaxial shunt as well as two alternatives - a modified coaxial shunt and an optical measurement scheme - are analysed regarding their impact on the device under test (DUT) and their respective bandwidths. Their advantages and drawbacks are discussed, and their practical limitations are emphasised. The results of these investigations are based on calculation, simulation and measurements.
Bending losses of coated single-mode fibers: a simple approach (1992)

A new approach for the bending losses of coated optical single-mode fibers is developed based on a modified fiber geometry model, and the result is a simple formula. An improved condition for the peak locations is given, that allows for the wavefront curvature of the leaky mode in the bent fiber, since it is derived by wave optics. Simple explicit relations for both the peak spacings and the peak-to-trough ratio are given. Their asymptotic forms for small bend radii are independent of the fundamental-mode parameters. An interpretation of oscillations in the bend-loss curves in terms of a thin-film filter effect of the triple-layer structure on the lateral leaky-mode radiation fully explains the behavior, especially the loss increase in the peaks compared to the case of an infinite cladding. The agreement with numerical and experimental results of other authors is excellent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D symmetric sampling of sparse acquisition geometries (2010)

Abstract 3D symmetric sampling introduced in the 1990s is characterized by dense sampling of two of the four spatial coordinates. The two sparsely sampled coordinates determine the periodicity of the geometry and the dimension of the offset-vector tiles that can be used to generate pseudocommon-offset-vector gathers. These gathers turn out to be useful for prestack processing applications, such as regularization, migration velocity analysis, and azimuthal anisotropy analysis. Although single-point acquisition is the ideal acquisition method, it is not necessarily better than array-based acquisition. Field arrays are still useful in suppressing noise and need not harm signal in most practical cases. In hybrid geometries three spatial coordinates are sampled densely. In all published cases at least two of the three are sampled quite coarsely and may not provide the best quality for the given trace density. Coil geometry (sailing in circles) is a special case of wide-azimuth towed streamer acquisition. It is essentially a random geometry that should be modifiable into a geometry with regularly sampled midpoints, absolute offsets and azimuths. Despite recent technological developments, the basic idea of 3D symmetric sampling still is a highly useful principle for the design of land and marine 3D seismic surveys.
Lyapunov-stability for the sliding-mode control of a turbocharger subject to state constraints (2017)

We consider the robust control design for the boost-pressure control of an exhaust-gas turbocharger of an internal combustion engine. We design a sliding-mode controller using the super-twisting algorithm. In our main contribution we present a thorough stability analysis based on two different Lyapunov functions, one for the reaching phase and one for the sliding-phase. Additionally, we consider state-constraints for each of the control phases and guarantee that the state stays within prior defined bounds.
Lossless coding of still images using minimum-rate predictors (2002)

We propose a novel method for designing linear predictors and apply it to a lossless image coding scheme. In general, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) is an important concept in image coding. However, predictors which are optimized on the basis of the MSE criterion are not necessarily optimum from a viewpoint of coding efficiency. Thereupon our method optimizes a predictor so that a cost function which represents the amount of information on prediction errors can have a minimum. Simulation results indicate that the proposed coding scheme is superior to the coding scheme which utilizes the conventional MMSE predictors in terms of coding efficiency.
Trashing Jim Crow (2009)

Abstract In February 1968, sanitation workers employed at the City of Memphis Sanitation Department in Tennessee staged a walkout in protest of abysmal working conditions and to bargain for better wages. Mayor Henry Loeb refused to negotiate with the striking workers, insisting that the strike was illegal and owing to his personal racial attitudes toward the overwhelmingly African American sanitation workers. While the strike began as an attempt to address serious economic grievances among Memphis’s sanitation workers, it quickly turned into an issue of civil rights. The NAACP and African American churches would soon join the fray. This book examines the role of a generation of white women, including wives and mothers, in Memphis in the struggle for racial equality and their contributions to the civil rights movement. It considers how these white women’s involvement in civil rights activism contributed to the success of the sanitation workers’ strike of 1968 in Memphis.
MOVING OBJECT DETECTION (2022)

Today Security is given very much importance and lot of electronic equipment is being used in security applications. Monitoring continuously the movements of persons or vehicles and reporting when predefined events take place is very common security applications. A human observation-based system for implementing this has several disadvantages. In the olden days persons use to be employed for doing such observations. Decades before electronic cameras could solve the problem of man being physically present at such place. Instead, man has to observe the camera's output on a TV and can detect when any expected events occur. The present-day technology allows automatic detection based on predefined measures. In this foreground detection based moving object detection and vehicle tracking algorithm is implemented targeting a wide class of applications. An AVI file is read and it is decomposed into R, G and B components. Various operations are carried out and the moving objects are detected. Thresholds at various phases are decide the possibility of identifying the moving object of certain sizes. Moving objects also tracked in it. Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) is used for implementation of the algorithm. The algorithm is tested with input avi format video files consisting of 120 frames. Various applications of these algorithms are studied and implemented. Main focus is given on (unmanned aerial vehicle) UAV based and automatic traffic estimation applications.
Essential roles of CKIδ and CKIε in the mammalian circadian clock (2009)

Circadian rhythms in mammals are generated by a negative transcriptional feedback loop in which PERIOD (PER) is rate-limiting for feedback inhibition. Casein kinases Idelta and Iepsilon (CKIdelta/epsilon) can regulate temporal abundance/activity of PER by phosphorylation-mediated degradation and cellular localization. Despite their potentially crucial effects on PER, it has not been demonstrated in a mammalian system that these kinases play essential roles in circadian rhythm generation as does their homolog in Drosophila. To disrupt both CKIdelta/epsilon while avoiding the embryonic lethality of CKIdelta disruption in mice, we used CKIdelta-deficient Per2(Luc) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and overexpressed a dominant-negative mutant CKIepsilon (DN-CKIepsilon) in the mutant MEFs. CKIdelta-deficient MEFs exhibited a robust circadian rhythm, albeit with a longer period, suggesting that the cells possess a way to compensate for CKIdelta loss. When CKIepsilon activity was disrupted by the DN-CKIepsilon in the mutant MEFs, circadian bioluminescence rhythms were eliminated and rhythms in endogenous PER abundance and phosphorylation were severely compromised, demonstrating that CKIdelta/epsilon are indeed essential kinases for the clockwork. This is further supported by abolition of circadian rhythms when physical interaction between PER and CKIdelta/epsilon was disrupted by overexpressing the CKIdelta/epsilon binding domain of PER2 (CKBD-P2). Interestingly, CKBD-P2 overexpression led to dramatically low levels of endogenous PER, while PER-binding, kinase-inactive DN-CKIepsilon did not, suggesting that CKIdelta/epsilon may have a non-catalytic role in stabilizing PER. Our results show that an essential role of CKIdelta/epsilon is conserved between Drosophila and mammals, but CKIdelta/epsilon and DBT may have divergent non-catalytic functions in the clockwork as well.
Palladium-based intermediate layers for CoCrPt–SiO2 perpendicular recording media (2006)

Co Cr Pt – Si O 2 perpendicular recording media containing Pd and Ru based intermediate layers have been studied. A Pd thin film with a face-centered-cubic (fcc)[111] orientation perpendicular to the film plane can induce a Ru hexagonal close packed (hcp) [0002] perpendicular orientation, which can subsequently induce a vertical Co hcp [0002] orientation for the perpendicular recording. It was observed that certain growth control layers (GCLs), such as Ta and CrTi, help in improving the growth of Pd significantly with a fcc[111] orientation perpendicular to the film plane. With the addition of such layers, the full width at half maximum (Δθ50) of the rocking curves was reduced from more than 11° to about 4°. Moreover, with a CrTi GCL, the intermediate layer could be as thin as 15nm. Recording performance of disks with CrTi GCL was better than that of disks with Ta GCL. The results indicate that the identification of a suitable GCL for Pd is a path to reduce the Δθ50 further.
TNM classification of malignant tumors. A comparison between the new (1987) and the old editions (1988)

A major revision of the tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) classification has been published. It eliminates previous differences between the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) versions. It also updates existing site classifications and adds chapters on previously unclassified tumors. This article summarizes the major changes from the past to the present editions of the TNM classification.
Suppression of Macrophage Eicosanoid Synthesis by Atherogenic Lipoproteins Is Profoundly Affected by Cholesterol-Fatty Acyl Esterification and the Niemann-Pick C Pathway of Lipid Trafficking (2004)

Atheroma macrophages internalize large quantities of lipoprotein-derived lipids. While most emphasis has been placed on cholesterol, lipoprotein-derived fatty acids may also play important roles in lesional macrophage biology. Little is known, however, about the trafficking or metabolism of these fatty acids. In this study, we first show that the cholesterol-fatty acyl esterification reaction, catalyzed by acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), competes for the incorporation of lipoprotein-derived fatty acids into cellular phospholipids. Furthermore, conditions that inhibit trafficking of cholesterol from late endosomes/lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), such as the amphipathic amine U18666A and the Npc1+/- mutation, also inhibit incorporation of lipoprotein-derived fatty acids into phospholipids. The biological relevance of these findings was investigated by studying the suppression of agonist-induced prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and leukotriene C(4)/D(4)/E(4) production during lipoprotein uptake by macrophages, which has been postulated to involve enrichment of cellular phospholipids with non-arachidonic fatty acids (NAAFAs). We found that eicosanoid suppression was markedly enhanced when ACAT was inhibited and prevented when late endosomal/lysosomal lipid trafficking was blocked. Moreover, PGE(2) suppression depended entirely on acetyl-LDL-derived NAAFAs, not on acetyl-LDL-cholesterol, and was not due to decreased cPLA(2) activity per se. These data support the following model: lipoprotein-derived NAAFAs traffic via the NPC1 pathway from late endosomes/lysosomes to a critical pool of phospholipids. In competing reactions, these NAAFAs can be either esterified to cholesterol or incorporated into phospholipids, resulting in suppression of eicosanoid biosynthesis. In view of recent evidence suggesting dysfunctional cholesterol esterification in late lesional macrophages, these data predict that such cells would have highly suppressed eicosanoid synthesis, thus affecting eicosanoid-mediated cell signaling in advanced atherosclerosis.
4H-SiC MOSFETs utilizing the H<sub>2</sub> surface cleaning technique (1998)

The H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> cleaning technique was examined as the precleaning of the gate oxidation for 4H-SiC MOSFETs. The device had a channel width and length of 150 and 100 μm, fabricated on the p-type epitaxial layer of 3×10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/. The gate oxidation was performed after the conventional RCA cleaning, and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> annealing at 1000/spl deg/C. The obtained channel mobility depends on the pre-cleaning process strongly, and was achieved 20 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /N s in the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> annealed sample. The effective interface-state density was also measured by the MOS capacitors fabricated on the same chips, resulting 1.8×10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/ from the photo-induced C-V method.
The <i>Pmed1</i> Gene Promoter of Human FcγRIIIA Can Function as a NK/T Cell-Specific Restriction Element, Which Involves Binding of Sp1 Transcription Factor (2002)

The low-affinity receptor for IgG (human FcgammaRIIIA) is selectively expressed by a subset of T lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages. To understand the mechanisms underlying this pattern of cell type-specific expression, we initially identified alternative promoters, Pmed1/2 and Pprox, in the 5' end of the FcgammaRIIIA gene. In this study, we focused on the Pmed1 promoter and demonstrated this 93-bp region to be highly specific in governing restriction to NK/T cell lines. This property of Pmed1 is context independent and can extend to a disparate promoter. Deletion analysis defined a contribution of two separate elements located to the 5' 21-bp (-942/-922) and 3' 72-bp (-921/-850) regions of Pmed1 in conferring NK/T cell specificity. The 5' part of Pmed1 contains binding sites for Sp1 and NK element-recognizing factors and substitution mapping studies revealed a critical requirement of the Sp1-I site. The importance of Sp1 protein to regulate maximal Pmed1 promoter activity was further established by EMSAs and cotransfection experiments in Sp1-null Drosophila SL2 cells. Our data suggest that Sp1 can contribute, in part, to NK/T cell restriction and further indicate that the FcgammaRIIIA Pmed1 sequence might be useful to direct the NK/T cell-specific expression of heterologous genes.
Spectroscopic investigation of ionizing-radiation tolerance of a Chlorophyceae green micro-alga (2008)

International audience
A honeypot system for efficient capture and analysis of network attack traffic (2011)

A Honeypot is an information system resource used to divert attackers and hackers away from critical resources as well as a tool to study an attacker's methods. One of the most widely used tools is honeyd for creating honeypots. The logs generated by honeyd can grow very large in size when there is heavy attack traffic in the system, thus consuming a lot of disk space. The huge log size poses difficulty when they are processed and analyzed by security analysts as they consume a lot of time and resources. In this paper, we propose a system which addresses these issues. It has two important modules. The first one is logging module which saves disk space by reducing the log size without losing information. The second module is a log analyzer that can process this log to generate reports and graphs for the security administrators. The analyzer is backward compatible and can process the log file produced by honeyd as well. The experimental results show that the space required by log file reduces significantly.
STOE Potential of the Circulation Control Wing for High-Performance Aircraft (1978)

Research and development being conducted at the David Taylor Naval Ship R and D Center investigates the STOL capability of the Circulation Control Wing (CCW) concept on high-performa nce aircraft. This high-lift system, which employs tangential blowing over a rounded trailing edge and requires mass flows characteristic of state-of-the-art turbine engine bleed, has demonstrated the ability to more than double the lift capability of conventional Navy and Marine aircraft. The resulting reduced takeoff and landing speeds and distances, plus increased overload capability, are achieved without severe compromise of wing structure, weight, or engine arrangement, and without large quantities of ducted hot gas. Based on these anticipated benefits and the results of existing experimental investigations, a program has been initiated to demonstrate the STOL capability of the CCW concept applied to a full-scale A-6 flight demonstrator aircraft. This paper will address the experimental development and optimization of the CCW system on an A-6 model and will present predicted full-scale STOL performance gains for the flight demonstrator.
RNAi2013: RNAi at Oxford. (2013)

The eighth annual RNAi international conference and exhibition, RNAi2013 was hosted at St Hilda's College, Oxford, UK (19-21 March 2013), and provided a platform for congregation of researchers with both academic and industrial backgrounds to share and discuss their most recent work in the fast advancing field of RNAi. RNAi has been recognised as a fundamental method for functional genomic investigations and has great potential as a therapeutic intervention for several human diseases. RNA-induced gene expression inhibition mechanisms were discussed for both the benefit of research and clinical therapeutics. The conference conveyed an impressive series of presentations given by national and international RNAi research leaders. Additionally, research posters were exhibited for the entirety of the conference. Furthermore, technology workshops were provided by Sigma-Aldrich, Eupheria Biotech GmbH and Carl Zeiss enabling conference attendees to learn about their most advanced RNAi expertise. These companies also participated in a trade exhibition along with Exiqon to promote the latest commercial RNAi products.
Characterization of a 200‐kDa Diatom Protein that is Specifically Associated with a Silica‐Based Substructure of the Cell Wall (1997)

The cell wall of a diatom is made up of a silica-based scaffold and organic macromolecules. Proteins located in the cell wall are believed to control morphogenesis of the species-specific silica structures of the scaffold. However, data that correlate distinct silica elements and specific proteins within the diatom cell wall have not been reported. Here, the cell wall protein HEP200 (200-kDa HF-extractable protein) from the diatom Cylinidrotheca fusiformis is identified and characterized. HEP200 is tightly associated with a substructure of the silica scaffold. It is a member of a new protein family, of which two more members are identified. Each member displays the same bipartite structure. The N-terminal part consists of a variable number of a repeated sequence motif (PSCD domain), whereas the C-terminal part is unique. Immunolocalization experiments revealed the arrangement of different proteins within the cell wall. Frustulins, a previously described group of glycoproteins, constitute the outer coat of the cell wall and exhibit a ubiquitous distribution. In contrast, HEP200 is specifically located at a subset of about six silica strips in intact cell walls, shielded by frustulins. This study therefore identifies a diatom cell wall protein (HEP200) that is associated with a distinct substructure of the silica scaffold.
Rheological characteristics and cure kinetics of EPON 862/W epoxy used in pultrusion (1997)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the kinetic parameters of the EPON 862/W epoxy system (Shell EPON® Resin DPL-862/EPON CURING AGENT® W/EPON CURING AGENT® Accelerator 537). Heat of reaction, degree of cure, pre-exponential constant, and activation energy were determined using dynamic scanning at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20°C/min. Using a Brookfield DV-III rotational-type rheometer, the viscosity was measured isothermally as a function of time at temperatures of 23°, 35°, 45°, 55°, 65°, 80°, 90°, and 100°C. Experimental modeling of the rheological characteristics of the resin was conducted using expressions correlating the viscosity and the degree of cure. Viscosities calculated by the model were in good agreement with data obtained experimentally. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polymer Techn 16: 297–311, 1997