gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arsenite transport by mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9 (2002)

Much is known about the transport of arsenite and antimonite into microbes, but the identities of mammalian transport proteins are unknown. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae FPS1 gene encodes a membrane protein homologous to the bacterial aquaglyceroporin GlpF and to mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9. Fps1p mediates glycerol uptake and glycerol efflux in response to hypoosmotic shock. Fps1p has been shown to facilitate uptake of the metalloids arsenite and antimonite, and the Escherichia coli homolog, GlpF, facilitates the uptake and sensitivity to metalloid salts. In this study, the ability of mammalian aquaglyceroporins AQP7 and AQP9 to substitute for the yeast Fps1p was examined. The fps1Delta strain of S. cerevisiae exhibits increased tolerance to arsenite and antimonite compared to a wild-type strain. Introduction of a plasmid containing AQP9 reverses the metalloid tolerance of the deletion strain. AQP7 was not expressed in yeast. The fps1Delta cells exhibit reduced transport of (73)As(III) or (125)Sb(III), but uptake is enhanced by expression of AQP9. Xenopus laevis oocytes microinjected with either AQP7 or AQP9 cRNA exhibited increased transport of (73)As(III). These results suggest that AQP9 and AQP7 may be a major routes of arsenite uptake into mammalian cells, an observation potentially of large importance for understanding the action of arsenite as a human toxin and carcinogen, as well as its efficacy as a chemotherapeutic agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Privacy Mirrors: Understanding and Shaping Socio-technical Ubiquitous Computing Systems (2002)

Privacy is a known issue in ubiquitous computing, exasperated by an oft-cited feature of ubiquitous computing - invisibility. Dangers of invisible computing are interfaces that do not give people the needed tools of awareness and control to understand and shape the behavior of the system. By definition, ubiquitous computing systems are socio-technical, encompassing three environments: social, technical, and physical. We argue that addressing or presenting solutions in any one environment alone cannot solve the privacy issue in ubiquitous computing. Privacy is addressed best by giving users methods, mechanisms, and interfaces to understand and then shape the system in all three environments. We introduce Privacy Mirrors, a framework for designing socio-technical ubiquitous computing systems that will integrate into people's on-going needs, practices, values, and aesthetic sensibilities.
Buffer management for shared-memory ATM switches (2000)

In the shared-memory switch architecture, output links share a single large memory, in which logical FIFO queues are assigned to each link. Although memory sharing can provide a better queuing performance than physically separated buffers, it requires carefully designed buffer management schemes for a fair and robust operation. This article presents a survey of the buffer management methods that have been proposed for shared-memory packet switches. Several buffer management policies are described, and their strengths and weaknesses are examined. The performances of various policies are evaluated using computer simulations. A comparison of the most important schemes is obtained with the help of the simulation results and the results provided in the literature. The survey concludes with a discussion of the possible future research areas related to shared-memory ATM switches.
Failure To Differentiate <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> from <i>C. meleagridis</i> Based on PCR Amplification of Eight DNA Sequences (1998)

In order to determine the specificities of PCR-based assays used for detecting Cryptosporidium parvum DNA, eight pairs of previously described PCR primers targeting six distinct regions of the Cryptosporidium genome were evaluated for the detection of C. parvum, the agent of human cryptosporidiosis, and C. muris, C. baileyi, and C. meleagridis, three Cryptosporidium species that infect birds or mammals but are not considered to be human pathogens. The four Cryptosporidium species were divided into two groups: C. parvum and C. meleagridis, which gave the same-sized fragments with all the reactions, and C. muris and C. baileyi, which gave positive results with primer pairs targeting the 18S rRNA gene only. In addition to being genetically similar at each of the eight loci analyzed by DNA amplification, C. parvum and C. meleagridis couldn't be differentiated even after restriction enzyme digestion of the PCR products obtained from three of the target genes. This study indicates that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of data from water sample analysis performed by these methods, since a positive result does not necessarily reflect a contamination by the human pathogen C. parvum.
Interaction of prostate epithelial cells from benign and malignant tumor tissue with bone-marrow stroma (1998)

This system allows the investigation of bone-marrow stroma colonization by primary prostate epithelial cells, and could be developed for the study of metastasis.
Convenient Synthesis of Ibuprofen and Naproxen Aminoacyl, Dipeptidoyl and Ester Derivatives (2009)

DL-Ibuprofen and L-naproxen were coupled with amino acids and other bioactive compounds to provide ibuprofen and naproxen bioconjugates in 61-95% yield as prodrugs or potential drug candidates.
Global optimization with the direct algorithm (2005)

This work describes theoretical results, and practical improvements to the DIRECT Algorithm, a direct search global optimization algorithm for bound-constrained problems. We rigorously show that a sub-sequence of the points sampled by the algorithm satisfy first order necessary conditions for both smooth and non-smooth problems. We show linear convergence of the algorithm for linear problems, and demonstrate why our analysis cannot be extended to more general problems.\n\nWe analyze a parameter of DIRECT, and show that it negatively affects the performance of the algorithm. A modified version of the DIRECT is introduced. Test examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified algorithm.\n\nWe apply DIRECT to six well-field optimization problems from the literature. We collect data on the problems with DIRECT, and utilize statistical methods to glean information from the data about the well-field problems.
Egg Advertising, Dietary Cholesterol Concerns, and U.S. Consumer Demand (1998)

A model of the domestic demand for eggs was estimated from quarterly data over the period 1987 through 1995, incorporating an index of consumer dietary cholesterol concerns and generic advertising efforts by the American Egg Board and the California Egg Commission. Empirical results indicated that most of the observed change in egg demand could be explained by dietary cholesterol concerns. Simulating the model in a constant elasticity supply framework demonstrated that advertising efforts over the past several years have resulted in net benefits to egg producers largely when considering inelastic supply responses. However, considering trade bias reduces these benefit-cost ratios substantially.
Natural history of <i>Sudan ebolavirus</i> infection in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques (2022)

Due to its high mortality rate and continued re-emergence, Ebolavirus disease (EVD) continues to pose a serious threat to global health. A group of viruses within the genus <i>Ebolavirus</i> causes this severe hemorrhagic disease in humans: Ebola virus (EBOV; species <i>Zaire ebolavirus</i>), Sudan virus (SUDV; species <i>Sudan ebolavirus</i>), Bundibugyo virus, and Taï Forest virus. EBOV and SUDV are associated with the highest case fatality rates. While the host response to EBOV has been comprehensively examined, limited data exists for SUDV infection. For medical countermeasure testing, well-characterized SUDV nonhuman primate (NHP) models are thus needed. Here, we describe a natural history study in which rhesus (<i>N</i> = 11) and cynomolgus macaques (<i>N</i> = 14) were intramuscularly exposed to a 1000 plaque-forming unit dose of SUDV (Gulu variant). Time-course analyses of various hematological, pathological, serological, coagulation, and transcriptomic findings are reported. SUDV infection was uniformly lethal in cynomolgus macaques (100% mortality), whereas a single rhesus macaque subject (91% mortality) survived to the study endpoint (median time-to-death of ∼8.0 and ∼8.5 days in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, respectively). Infected macaques exhibited hallmark features of human EVD. The early stage was typified by viremia, granulocytosis, lymphopenia, albuminemia, thrombocytopenia, and decreased expression of HLA-class transcripts. At mid-to-late disease, animals developed fever and petechial rashes, and expressed high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, pro-thrombotic factors, and markers indicative of liver and kidney injury. End-stage disease was characterized by shock and multi-organ failure. In summary, macaques recapitulate human SUDV disease, supporting these models for use in the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
Microwave-Assisted Rapid and Simplified Hydrogenation<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup> (1999)

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation has been conducted under microwave irradiation in open vessels using high-boiling solvents such as ethylene glycol (bp 198 °C) as the microwave energy transfer agent. Reduction of double bonds and hydrogenolysis of several functional groups were carried out safely and rapidly (3−5 min) at about 110−130 °C with 10% Pd/C as an efficient catalyst and ammonium formate as the hydrogen donor. Diverse types of β-lactam synthons were prepared by the reduction of ring substituents containing alkene and alkylidene groups or conjugated unsaturated esters. Cleavage of the β-lactam ring by hydrogenolysis of the N−C4 bond of 4-aryl-2-azetidinones was a facile reaction with 10% Pd/C as the catalyst; but no ring scission occurred when Raney nickel catalyst was employed. Dehalogenation of aromatic compounds was also successful with ammonium formate and Pd/C catalyst. Hydrogenolysis of phenylhydrazone of methyl benzoylformate gave the methyl ester of phenylglycine in excellent yield. The techniques described here for microwave assisted hydrogenation are safe, rapid, and efficient and are suitable for research investigation as well as for undergraduate and high school laboratory exercises.
UBH 3: an anthropomorphic hand with simplified endo-skeletal structure and soft continuous fingerpads (2004)

The paper describes work in progress at the University of Bologna concerning the design of a new anthropomorphic robot hand. The hand is based on the modular assembly of articulated fingers that adopt an original configuration of their structure, made with rigid links connected by elastic hinges that are coaxially crossed by flexible tendons. This innovative design is suitable to host distributed sensory equipment and continuous compliant cover, allowing a high level of anthropomorphism together with great structural simplification, reliability enhancement and cost reduction. Furthermore, the proposed solution is very flexible, as it can be adapted to many different hand configurations and is not dependent on a particular type of actuation, being compatible with future availability of any kind of artificial muscles.
Human-computer cryptography (1996)

Can you securely prove your identity to a host computer by using no dedicated software at your terminal and no dedicated token at your hands ? Conventional password checking schemes don't need 8uch a software and hardware but have a disadvantage that an attacker who has correctly observed an input password by peeping or wiretapping can perfectly impersonate the corresponding user. Conventional dynamic (one-time) password schemes or zero-knowledge identification schemes can be securely implemented but require special software or hardwar(~ or memorandums. This paper develops human-friendly identification schemes such that a human prover knowing a secret key in her or his brain is asked a visual question by a machine verifier, who then checks if an answer sent from the prover matches the question with respect to the key. The novelty of these schemes lies in their ways of displaying questions. This paper also examines an application of the human identification schemes to humancomputer cryptographic communication protocols.
Physical Principles and Formalisms of Electrical Excitability (1977)

The sections in this article are: 1 Membrane Potentials and Ionic Fluxes 1.1 Fundamental Concepts 1.1.1 Equilibrium State 1.1.2 Nonequilibrium State 1.1.3 Summary 1.2 Two Important Examples of Equilibrium Situations 1.2.1 The Donnan Equilibrium 1.2.2 Phase-Boundary Potentials 1.3 Electrodes — the Measurement of Potential Difference 1.4 Quasi-equilibrium Systems 1.4.1 A Membrane With a Very Large Fixed-Charge Density 1.4.2 An oil membrane 1.5 Ion Transport (the Nernst-Planck Flux Equations) 1.5.1 Homogeneous uncharged membrane 1.5.2 Homogeneous Membranes with Special Properties 1.5.3 Mosaic Membranes 2 Formal Consequences of Voltage-Dependent Conductances 2.1 The Nature of Electrical Excitability 2.1.1 Reasons for Believing that Electrical Excitability Does Not Result From the Shifting of Ionic Profiles 2.1.2 Hodgkin-huxley equivalent circuit 2.2 Current-Voltage (I-V) Characteristics 88 Throughout the remainder of this chapter we use the more common electrical notation and call the membrane potential V rather than ψ. 2.2 Current-Voltage (I-V) Characteristics 2.2.1 Negative-Slope Conductance 2.2.2 Changing the I-V Characteristic Without Change of the g-V Characteristic 3 Voltage-Dependent Conductance in Thin Lipid Membranes 3.1 The Unmodified Thin Lipid Membrane 3.1.1 Formation 3.1.2 Permeability and Electrical Properties 3.2 Nonvoltage-dependent Modifiers 3.2.1 Carriers 3.2.2 Channel Formers 3.2.3 A Mosaic Membrane Formed With Two Modifiers 3.2.4 Summary 3.3 Voltage-dependent Modifiers 3.3.1 Monazomycin 3.3.2 Alamethicin 3.3.3 Excitability-Inducing Material 3.3.4 Single Channels 3.3.5 Summary and Conclusion
Coordinative Properties of Highly Fluorinated Solvents with Amino and Ether Groups (2005)

Despite the widespread use of perfluorinated solvents with amino and ether groups in a variety of application fields, the coordinative properties of these compounds are poorly known. It is generally assumed that the electron withdrawing perfluorinated moieties render these functional groups rather inert, but little is known quantitatively about the extent of their inertness. This paper reports on the interactions between inorganic monocations and perfluorotripentylamine and 2H-perfluoro-5,8,11-trimethyl-3,6,9,12-tetraoxapentadecane, as determined with fluorous liquid-membrane cation-selective electrodes doped with tetrakis[3,5-bis(perfluorohexyl)phenyl]borate salts. The amine does not undergo measurable association with any ion tested, and its formal pK(a) is shown to be smaller than -0.5. This is consistent with the nearly planar structure of the amine at its nitrogen center, as obtained with density functional theory calculations. The tetraether interacts very weakly with Na(+) and Li(+). Assuming 1:1 stoichiometry, formal association constants were determined to be 2.3 and 1.5 M(-1), respectively. This disproves an earlier proposition that the Lewis base character in such compounds may be nonexistent. Due to the extremely low polarity of fluorous solvents and the resulting high extent of ion pair formation, a fluorophilic electrolyte salt with perfluoroalkyl substituents on both the cation and the anion had to be developed for these experiments. In its pure form, this first fluorophilic electrolyte salt is an ionic liquid with a glass transition temperature, T(g), of -18.5 degrees C. Interestingly, the molar conductivity of solutions of this salt increases very steeply in the high concentration range, making it a particularly effective electrolyte salt.
ASTLOG: a language for examining abstract syntax trees (1997)

Syntax Trees Roger F. Crew Microsoft Research ASTLOG: A Language for Examining Abstract Syntax Trees Roger F. Crew Microsoft Research Microsoft Corporation Redmond, WA 98052 rfc@microsoft.com Abstract We desired a facility for locating#analyzing syntactic artifacts in abstract syntax trees of C#C++ programs, similar to the facility grep or awk provides for locating artifacts at the lexical level. Prolog, with its implicit pattern-matching and backtracking capabilities, is a natural choice for suchanapplication. We have developed a Prolog variant that avoids the overhead of translating the source syntactic structures into the form of a Prolog database; this is crucial to obtaining acceptable performance on large programs. An interpreter for this language has been implemented and used to #nd various kinds of syntactic bugs and other questionable constructs in real programs like Microsoft SQL server #450Klines# and Microsoft Word #2Mlines# in time comparable to the runtime of th...
Quantitative Characterization of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>Cathodes Reconstructed by FIB/SEM Tomography (2012)

The three-dimensional microstructures of a lab-scale and a high-power LiFePO4 cathode for lithium-ion cells are analyzed by combined focused ion beam (FIB) / scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tomography. The spatial distributions of (a) carbon black as electronic conductor (b) LiFePO4 as active material and (c) pore volume are reconstructed by appropriate image processing methods. The global threshold segmentation procedure is replaced by a refined local threshold method, which accounts for gradients in luminosity even within very large imaged volumes. The precise analysis of the high-power cathode demands for reconstructing a very large volume of 18.15 × 17.75 × 27.8 μm3, caused by the dual length-scale design of LiFePO4, carbon black and pore phase. The microstructure features, (a) electrochemically active surface area and particle size distribution of LiFePO4, (b) shape and particle size distribution of carbon black and (c) porosity and tortuosity of the pore phase are compared between lab-scale and high-power cathode.
Correction for Menendez et al., Wnt signaling and a Smad pathway blockade direct the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to multipotent neural crest cells (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Drag and Drop: A Better Approach to CAPTCHA (2009)

A completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart is a test use to determine whether the user is a human or a malicious computer program. In simple terms CAPTCHA is a program that can generate and grade tests that most humans can pass, yet current computer programs can't pass. They can be found as blurred or distorted random images, in free email signups, online polls or commenting on blogs; these images are difficult to recognize by computer programs but easy for most humans. They work as basic tool for preventing denial of service, brute force attacks and advertising spams. CAPTCHAs have evolved from simple text based to recent advancements like audio and visual tests. Text based CAPTCHAs have been broken successfully with the help of optical character recognition and every approach is vulnerable against laundry attacks or redirection. The suggested approach 'drag and drop CAPTCHA' or 'DnD' is inclusive solution against OCR and laundry attacks. This HIP challenge uses conventional mouse events to recognize human intervention proof. If an attacker computer knows the answer of test but it can't pass this test without human intervention. This technique can be considered as an artificial intelligence challenge. It creates win-win situation either this tough AI problem gets solved or DnD technique is distinction tool for human & computers.
A convenient synthesis of 4-tert-butyl-5-benzofuranols and dihydrobenzofuranols (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA convenient synthesis of 4-tert-butyl-5-benzofuranols and dihydrobenzofuranolsRobert A. Zambias, Charles G. Caldwell, Ihor E. Kopka, and Milton L. HammondCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 17, 4135–4137Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00252a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00252a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views509Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrogen-Transfer Catalysis with Cp*Ir<sup>III</sup>Complexes: The Influence of the Ancillary Ligands (2013)

Fourteen Cp*IrIII complexes, bearing various combinations of N- and C-spectator ligands, are assayed in hydrogen-transfer catalysis from isopropyl alcohol to acetophenone under various conditions to investigate ligand effects in this widely used reaction. The new cationic complexes bearing monodentate pyridine and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands were characterized crystallographically and by variable-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance (VT-NMR). Control experiments and mercury poisoning tests showed that iridium(0) nanoparticles, although active in the reaction, are not responsible for the high activity observed for the most active precatalyst [Cp*Ir(IMe)2Cl]BF4 (6). For efficient catalysis, it was found necessary to have both NHCs in monodentate form; tying them together in a bis-NHC chelate ligand gave greatly reduced activity. The kinetics of the base-assisted reaction showed induction periods as well as deactivation processes, and H/D scrambling experiments cast some doubt on the classical monohydride mechanism.
Insect Cell Biotechnology (2018)

This work provides a lucid description of recent major advances in the field of insect cell biotechnology. Topics covered include the use and production of baculoviruses in insect cells, baculovirus specificity, bacterial toxin studies in cultured insect cells, scale-up operations, insect viruses propagated in insect cells, transfection in drosophila cells, theoretical and practical implications of stress produced by X-rays, ultraviolet light, chemicals, psoralens and heat. The text also examines the usefulness of insect cell cultures to neurobiology, toxicology and molecular genetics of drosophila.
Rhenium‐ and Manganese‐Catalyzed Selective Alkenylation of Indoles (2018)

Abstract An efficient rhenium‐catalyzed regioselective C−H bond alkenylation of indoles is reported. The protocol operates well for internal as well as terminal alkynes, affording products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, a manganese‐catalyzed, acid free, regioselective C2‐alkenylation of indoles with internal alkynes is described. The directing groups can be easily removed after the reaction and the resulting products can be used as valuable building blocks for the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic compounds.