gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells (1982)

The present situation on the stability of amorphous silicon solar cells is discussed. Impurity diffusion is not expected to be a problem in normal cell operation. Interface contamination degrades Schottky barrier or MIS cells that are exposed to water vapor, but has no influence on p-i-n or n-i-p cells. Optically induced changes in the amorphous silicon have an influence, depending on cell structure and preparation conditions. Preliminary results on ≈ 5% efficiency n-i-p cells suggest that the efficiency will degrade by only 20% in 20 years of sunlight.
Low NO.sub.x burner system (1993)

A low NO.sub.x burner system for a furnace having spaced apart front and rear walls, comprises a double row of cell burners on each of the front and rear walls. Each cell burner is either of the inverted type with a secondary air nozzle spaced vertically below a coal nozzle, or the non-inverted type where the coal nozzle is below the secondary air port. The inverted and non-inverted cells alternate or are provided in other specified patterns at least in the lower row of cells. A small percentage of the total air can be also provided through the hopper or hopper throat forming the bottom of the furnace, or through the boiler hopper side walls. A shallow angle impeller design also advances the purpose of the invention which is to reduce CO and H.sub.2 S admissions while maintaining low NO.sub.x generation.
An A-V Data Lead System for Electrogram Detection (1983)

Some telemetrically monitored pacemakers are capable of detecting and transmitting either the P- or R-wave, however, none are able to transmit the complete electrogram (EGM) during normal and paced rhythms. A new lead system has been developed that, when used in conjunction with a telemetrypacemaker system, permits the transmissionofthe complete EGM and is not adversely affected by pacemaker outputs or afterpotentials. Detecting electrodes are placed in both right atrium and ventricle in order to optimize EGM detection. Electrically separate from the pacing-sensing electrodes, the A-V Data probes are structurally part of a transvenously placed ventricular lead no larger than a conventional bipolar lead (2.3 mm). The EGM telemetry system is also compatible with telephone monitoring systems. The A-V data lead has consistently demonstrated its ability to accurately detect the EGM during normal sinus rhythms as well as during atrial, ventricular, and A-V sequential pacing. In addition, this system can detect and transmit EGM abnormalities such as ectopic beats and retrograde conduction. Eight A-V data lead, telemetry monitored VVI pacemakers have been implanted in dogs for over two years. This system has provided the means to noninvasively detect and telemetrically record the entire normal and abpormal EGM, even in pacer dependent patients.
Two-stream indexing for spoken web search (2011)

This paper presents two-stream processing of audio to index the audio content for Spoken Web search. The first stream indexes the meta-data associated with a particular audio document. The meta-data is usually very sparse, but accurate. This therefore results in a high-precision, low-recall index. The second stream uses a novel language-independent speech recognition to generate text to be indexed. Owing to the multiple languages and the noise in user generated content on the Spoken Web, the speech recognition accuracy of such systems is not high, thus they result in a low-precision, high-recall index. The paper attempts to use these two complementary streams to generate a combined index to increase the precision-recall performance in audio content search.
Stable Adaptive Control of Robot Manipulators Using “Neural” Networks (1995)

The rapid development and formalization of adaptive signal processing algorithms loosely inspired by biological models can be potentially harnessed for use in flexible new learning control algorithms for nonlinear dynamic systems. However, if such controller designs are to be viable in practice, their stability must be guaranteed and their performance quantified. In this paper, the stable adaptive tracking control designs employing “neural” networks, initially presented in Sanner and Slotine (1992), are extended to classes of multivariable mechanical systems, including robot manipulators, and bounds are developed for the magnitude of the asymptotic tracking errors and the rate of convergence to these bounds. This new algorithm permits simultaneous learning and control, without recourse to an initial identification stage, and is distinguished from previous stable adaptive robotic controllers, e.g. (Slotine and Li 1987), by the relative lack of structure assumed in the design of the control law. The required control is simply considered to contain unknown functions of the measured state variables, and adaptive “neural” networks are used to stably determine, in real time, the entire required functional dependence. While computationally more complex than explicitly model-based techniques, the methods developed in this paper may be effectively applied to the control of many physical systems for which the state dependence of the dynamics is reasonably well understood, but the exact functional form of this dependence, or part thereof, is not, such as underwater robotic vehicles and high performance aircraft.
Determining Aerosol Particle Size Distribution Using Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Incandescence (2006)

Time-resolved laser-induced incandescence is a powerful tool for determining the physical characteristics of aerosol dispersions of refractory nano-particles. In this procedure, particles within a small aerosol volume are heated with a nano-second laser pulse, and the temporal incandescence of the particles is then measured as they return to the ambient gas temperature. It is possible to infer particle size distribution from the temporal decay of the LII signal since the cooling rate of an individual particle depends on its area-to-volume ratio. This requires solving a mathematically ill-posed inverse problem, however, since the measured LII signal is due to the incandescence contributed by all particle sizes within the aerosol volume. This paper reviews techniques proposed in the literature for recovering particle size distributions from time-resolved LII data. The characteristics of this ill-posed problem are then discussed in detail, particularly the issues of solution stability and uniqueness. Finally, the accuracy and stability of each method is evaluated by performing a perturbation analysis, and the overall performance of the techniques is compared.
Characterization of<i>Bacillus</i>Spore Species and Their Mixtures Using Postsource Decay with a Curved-Field Reflectron (2003)

A strategy is proposed for the rapid identification of Bacillus spores, which relies on the selective release of a family of proteins, referred to as small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs). In this work, SASPs were selectively solubilized from Bacillus spores on the MALDI sample plate by using 10% TFA. Proteolytic digests of SASPs generated in situ from spores of B. subtilis 168, B. globigii, B. thuringiensis subs. Kurstaki HD-1, B. cereus T, and the nonpathogenic strain B. anthracis Sterne were prepared in 5-25 min by using trypsin immobilized on Agarose beads and subsequently analyzed by MALDI-TOFMS using a curved-field reflectron. Protein identification was obtained by partial sequencing of distinctive tryptic peptides from Bacillus spores via post-source decay analysis combined with genome-based database searches by Mascot Sequence Query. Various unique SASPs were identified, allowing the characterization of Bacillus species by obtaining sequence-specific information on single peptides. The applicability of this approach for the rapid identification of Bacillus species was further established by analyzing spore mixtures.
Analysis of the longitudinal electromagnetic levitator (1997)

An analysis of the currents induced in specimens supported in a longitudinal electromagnetic levitator is presented. Expressions for the forces, heating, and torque are developed. The predictions are compared with experimental measurements and are found to be in excellent agreement. Inductance, optimum specimen to coil size ratio, and effect of the number of poles are discussed in connection with the design of this class of levitator.
A bright, transparent, blue organic light emitting device (2002)

Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) which emit in the red, green and blue spectral regions are well-known. A unique property of vacuum-deposited OLEDs is that the luminescence band is red shifted from the absorption band by as much as 0.5 eV, potentially making OLEDs highly transparent throughout the visible spectrum. Such transparency offers the potential for realizing a full-color display in which the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) emission layers are placed in a vertically stacked geometry to provide minimum R-G-B pixel size and maximum fill factor. Other obvious applications for transparent OLEDs (TOLEDs) include helmet-mounted, windshield-mounted or other "head-up" displays. We have recently demonstrated green TOLEDs using tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alqg) as the electroluminescent layer. The TOLEDs are >71% transparent when turned off, and emit light from both top and bottom diode surfaces with high efficiency (=1% quantum efficiency) when turned on. In this paper, we present new results on high-efficiency blue TOLEDs. We introduce a novel, highly efficient, double heterostructure TOLED, which permits the use of less stable luminescent molecules which would otherwise be damaged by the electrode deposition, thus greatly increasing the potential range of TOLED colors.
Singular Integrals, Image Smoothness, and the Recovery of Texture in Image Deblurring (2003)

Total variation (TV) image deblurring is a PDE-based technique that preserves edges, but often eliminates vital small-scale information, or {\em texture}. This phenomenon reflects the fact that most natural images are not of bounded variation. The present paper reconsiders the image deblurring problem in Lipschitz spaces $\Lambda(\alpha, p, q)$, wherein a wide class of nonsmooth images can be accommodated. A new and fast FFT-based deblurring method is developed that can recover texture in cases where TV deblurring fails completely. Singular integrals, such as the Poisson kernel, are used to create an effective new image analysis tool that can calibrate the lack of smoothness in an image. It is found that a rich class of images $\in \Lambda(\alpha, 1, \infty) \cap \Lambda(\beta, 2, \infty)$, with $0.2 < \alpha, \beta < 0.7$. The Poisson kernel is then used to regularize the deblurring problem by appropriately constraining its solutions in $\Lambda(\alpha, 2, \infty)$ spaces, leading to new L2 error bounds ...
Relative Cooling With Liquid for Gas Turbines: Part I — A Solution for Exceeding 2000 K at Turbine Inlet (2001)

Abstract The thermal efficiency of gas turbines is critically dependent on the temperature of burnt gases at turbine inlet, the higher this temperature the higher the efficiency. Stochiometric combustion would provide maximum efficiency, but in the absence of an internal cooling system, turbine blades cannot tolerate gas temperatures that exceed 1300 K. Therefore, for this temperature, the thermal efficiency of turbine engine is 40% less than theoretical maximum. Conventional air-cooling techniques of turbine blades allow inlet temperatures of about 1500 K on current operating engines yielding thermal efficiency gains of about 6%. New designs, that incorporate advanced air-cooling methods allows inlet temperatures of 1750–1800 K, with a thermal efficiency gain of about 6% relative to current operating engines. This temperature is near the limit allowed by air-cooling systems. Turbine blades can be cooled with air taken from the compressor or with liquid. Cooling systems with air are easier to design but have a relatively low heat transfer capacity and reduce the efficiency of the engine. Some cooling systems with liquid rely on thermal gradients to promote re-circulation from the tip to the root of turbine blades. In this case, the flow and cooling of liquid are restricted. For best results, cooling systems with liquid should use a pump to re-circulate the coolant. In the past, designers tried to place this pump on the engine stator and therefore were unable to avoid high coolant losses because it is impossible to reliably seal the stator-rotor interface. Therefore it was assumed that cooling systems with liquid could not incorporate pumps. This is an unwarranted assumption as shown studying the system in a moving frame of reference that is linked to the rotor. Here is the crucial fact overlooked by previous designers. The relative motion of engine stator with respect to the rotor is sufficient to motivate a cooling pump. Both the pump and heat exchange system that is required to provide rapid cooling of liquid with cold ambient air, could be located within the rotor. Therefore, the entire cooling system can be encapsulated within the rotor and the sealing problem is circumvented. Compared to recent designs that use advanced air-cooling methods, such a liquid cooling system would increase the thermal efficiency by 8%–11% because the temperatures at turbine inlet can reach stoichiometric levels and most of the heat extracted from turbine during cooling is recuperated. The appreciated high reliability of the system will permit a large applicability in aerospace propulsion.
Time reversal enabled elastic wave data communications using sensor arrays (2014)

Elastic wave data communication on pipe-like structures presents a unique opportunity for structural health monitoring, gas and oil drilling and exploration industry to meet the needs for data telemetry over a long distance. Typically, the operating environment under which data communication is required for these applications is not suitable for traditional communication modalities such as wireless radio communication, optical cable communication, or acoustic sound communication. Elastic wave communication is an unconventional communication modality in that it utilizes an elastic medium as the communication channel and the elastic waves as the information carrying signals. Elastic waves are signals that can propagate over a long distance on solid medium such as metal pipes or strings. In this paper, we present our experimental investigation of time reversal pulse position modulation (TR-PPM) scheme using PZT transducer arrays on a carbon steel pipe specimen. The results are obtained by exploring the reciprocity of elastic wave channels using time reversal for interference cancellation without relying on additional processing techniques such as channel equalization or error control coding. Significant improvement in terms of bit error rate is realized using a multiple-input single-output (MISO) configuration compared with the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) configuration.
Scalability and logic functionalities of TA-MRAMs (2013)

This paper describes the working principle of thermally assisted MRAM extending the downsize scalability of MRAM and introducing new functionalities particularly useful for security applications. Ultimately, STT switching assisted by thermally induced anisotropy reorientation can be used in MTJ with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy to obtain ultimate downsize scalability with reduced power consumption.
Nanocrystal-Powered Nanomotor (2005)

We have constructed and operated a nanoscale linear motor powered by a single metal nanocrystal ram sandwiched between mechanical lever arms. Low-level electrical voltages applied to the carbon nanotube lever arms cause the nanocrystal to grow or shrink in a controlled manner. The length of the ram is adjustable from 0 to more than 150 nm, with extension speeds exceeding 1900 nm/s. The thermodynamic principles governing motor operation resemble those driving frost heave, a natural solid-state linear motor.
Radiographic spectroscopy of atomic composition of materials: a multi-energy approach (2005)

Theoretical model of multi-energy radiography (MER) for reconstruction of the atomic structure is proposed. It is shown that, using multi-channel absorption and detection of radiation, effective atomic number and quantitative chemical composition of the materials can be readily reconstructed. This approach opens prospects for improvement of efficiency of X-ray techniques in non-destructive testing, nuclear and safety monitoring, security customs control, and others.
Engineered T cells targeting E7 mediate regression of human papillomavirus cancers in a murine model (2018)

T cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapy is a promising cancer treatment modality. However, its successful development for epithelial cancers may depend on the identification of high-avidity TCRs directed against tumor-restricted target antigens. The human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 antigen is an attractive therapeutic target that is constitutively expressed by HPV+ cancers but not by healthy tissues. It is unknown if genetically engineered TCR T cells that target E7 can mediate regression of HPV+ cancers. We identified an HPV-16 E7-specific, HLA-A*02:01-restricted TCR from a uterine cervix biopsy from a woman with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. This TCR demonstrated high functional avidity, with CD8 coreceptor-independent tumor targeting. Human T cells transduced to express the TCR specifically recognized and killed HPV-16+ cervical and oropharyngeal cancer cell lines and mediated regression of established HPV-16+ human cervical cancer tumors in a mouse model. These findings support the therapeutic potential of this approach and established the basis for an E7 TCR gene therapy clinical trial in patients with metastatic HPV+ cancers (NCT02858310).
Hybriddrivsystem : [Hybrid drive system) (1995)

A hybrid drive system includes an internal combustion engine with an output shaft. An energy converter is connected to the output shaft via a coupling. The energy converter has first and second rot ...
Polymeric Cross-Linked Surface Treatments for Controlling Block Copolymer Orientation in Thin Films (2011)

The orientation of cylinder-forming poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) [P(S-b-MMA)] was investigated on two sets of polymeric surface treatments: 10 para-substituted polystyrene derivatives with <10 mol % poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide) and a series of poly(styrene-random-4-vinylbenzyl azide) [P(S-r-VBzAz)] copolymers with 5-100 mol % poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide). The copolymers were spin-coated to form thin films and then cross-linked by heating. The resulting films exhibited a range of surface tensions from 21 to 45 dyn/cm. Perpendicular orientation of P(S-b-MMA) cylinders was achieved with poly(p-bromostyrene) and all the [P(S-r-VBzAz)] copolymer surface treatments, most notably the homopolymer of poly(4-vinylbenzyl azide). Films made from these simple copolymers are as effective as random terpolymer alignment layers commonly made from both block monomers and a cross-linkable monomer.
Abstract 1243: A novel series of celecoxib derivatives lacking COX-2 inhibitory activity more potently inhibits cancer cell growth by inhibiting PDE5 (2014)

Abstract Background: The chemopreventive use of the COX-2 selective inhibitor celecoxib is not recommended because of potentially fatal cardiovascular toxicity. However, there is evidence that celecoxib inhibits tumor growth via a COX-2 independent mechanism. We synthesized a novel series of celecoxib derivatives designed to have reduced COX-2 inhibitory activity and determined if tumor cell growth inhibitory activity is related to inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). Methods: COX-2 inhibitory activity was measured using colorimetric assay of Ovine COX-2. The IMAP fluorescence polarization PDE assay was used to measure PDE5 activity. Cell growth in colon (HT-29, HCT-115, SW-480) and breast (MDA-MB-231) tumor cell lines was determined using the luminescent Cell Titer Glo Assay. Intracellular cGMP levels in live cells were measured using a cGMP biosensor constructed from the human PDE5A GAF-A domain fused to a modified firefly luciferase. Protein kinase G activity was measured indirectly by western blotting using a phosphospecific antibody to VASP. β-catenin and survivin levels were determined by western blotting. The Caspase 3/7 Glo Assay was used to detect apoptosis. Results: A novel series of celecoxib derivatives were synthesized and found to have reduced COX-2 inhibitory activity and improved PDE5 inhibitory activity. The majority of derivatives were appreciably more potent than celecoxib to inhibit the growth of colon and breast tumor cell lines. Celecoxib inhibited growth and PDE5 activity with an IC50 of 23-35 µM and 37 µM, respectively, while a derivative, NAS28 inhibited growth and PDE5 activity with IC50 values of 3-7 µM and 0.03 µM, respectively. Celecoxib had an IC50 of 0.058 µM for COX-2 inhibition while NAS28 lacked inhibitory activity at 50 µM. NAS28 increased cGMP in a dose dependent manner, increased PKG activity at concentrations that inhibited growth, increased apoptosis, and decreased β-catenin protein levels as well as survivin, which is regulated by B-catenin-dependent TCF transcriptional activity. Conclusions: A novel series of celecoxib derivatives were identified which lack COX-2 inhibitory activity but have improved potency to inhibit tumor cell growth. PDE5 inhibition appears to be an important activity of this class of compounds. These findings may lead to the development of novel drugs with improved chemopreventive efficacy, PDE5 inhibiton and reduced risk of cardiovascular toxicity. This project is supported by NIH grant 1R01CA155638. Citation Format: Sara C. Sigler, Veronica Ramirez, Ashraf Abadi, Gary Piazza. A novel series of celecoxib derivatives lacking COX-2 inhibitory activity more potently inhibits cancer cell growth by inhibiting PDE5. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1243. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1243
Biologically inspired skin lesion segmentation using a geodesic active contour technique (2015)

GAC techniques show promise in attaining the goal of automatic skin lesion segmentation.
Homologous black-bright-blood and flexible interleaved imaging sequence (HOBBI) for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the vessel wall (2014)

The proposed HOBBI sequence was demonstrated to be feasible and accurate in estimating the pharmacokinetic parameters of the atherosclerotic vessel wall, and has potential to become an early screening tool for atherosclerosis disease.