gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cinematic virtual reality: Evaluating the effect of display type on the viewing experience for panoramic video (2017)

The proliferation of head-mounted displays (HMD) in the market means that cinematic virtual reality (CVR) is an increasingly popular format. We explore several metrics that may indicate advantages and disadvantages of CVR compared to traditional viewing formats such as TV. We explored the consumption of panoramic videos in three different display systems: a HMD, a SurroundVideo+ (SV+), and a standard 16:9 TV. The SV+ display features a TV with projected peripheral content. A between-groups experiment of 63 participants was conducted, in which participants watched panoramic videos in one of these three display conditions. Aspects examined in the experiment were spatial awareness, narrative engagement, enjoyment, memory, fear, attention, and a viewer's concern about missing something. Our results indicated that the HMD offered a significant benefit in terms of enjoyment and spatial awareness, and our SV+ display offered a significant improvement in enjoyment over traditional TV. We were unable to confirm the work of a previous study that showed incidental memory may be lower in a HMD over a TV. Drawing attention and a viewer's concern about missing something were also not significantly different between display conditions. It is clear that passive media viewing consists of a complex interplay of factors, such as the media itself, the characteristics of the display, as well as human aspects including perception and attention. While passive media viewing presents many challenges for evaluation, identifying a number of broadly applicable metrics will aid our understanding of these experiences, and allow the creation of better, more engaging CVR content and displays.
A High‐Light‐Harvesting‐Efficiency Coumarin Dye for Stable Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2007)

A new coumarin dye (see figure) for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is reported. It exhibits near-unity light harvesting efficiency and incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (see figure) over a wide spectral region in 6 μm transparent TiO2 films. DSSCs based on this metal-free organic dye show long-term stability and power-conversion efficiencies of around 6 % under continuous light-soaking stress for up to 1000 h.
l-Theanine as a Functional Food Additive: Its Role in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2016)

Tea has been consumed for thousands of years and is an integral part of people’s daily routine, as an everyday drink and a therapeutic aid for health promotion. Consumption of tea has been linked to a sense of relaxation commonly associated with the content of the non-proteinogenic amino acid theanine, which is found within the tea leaves. The aim of this review article is to outline the current methods for synthesis, extraction and purification of theanine, as well as to examine its potential benefits related to human health. These include improvements in cognitive and immune function, cancer prevention, reduced cardiovascular risk and its potential usefulness as a functional food product.
Silicon-on-insulator 'gate-all-around device' (2002)

Describes the process fabrication and the electrical characteristics of an SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFET with gate oxide and a gate electrode not only on top of the active silicon film but also underneath it. Device fabrication is simple and necessitates only a single additional mask and etch step, compared to standard SOI processing. The device shows evidence of volume inversion (inversion is observed not only in surface channels, but through the entire thickness of the silicon film). Because of the presence of two channels and because of reduced carrier scattering within the bulk of the silicon film, the transconductance of the 'gate-all-around' device is more than twice that of a conventional SOI device, and its subthreshold slope is nearly 60 mV/decade at room temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An optical torque transducer for high-speed cutting (2006)

In this paper, the design and manufacture of an angular twist-type optical torque transducer is described. It is based on the measurement of the angular twist of a stainless steel wire gauge proportional to the torque transmitted, through two optical reflective sensors. The main objective of this research is to provide a cost-effective, reliable and accurate torque transducer for high-speed wood cutting process analysis. After a description of the measurement methodology, the manufacturing of the transducer is discussed. The relative uncertainty in the measurement of the torque is 1% full scale, while the transducer bandwidth is 50 Hz.
Removal of organic acids from Rhine River water with weak base resins (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemoval of organic acids from Rhine River water with weak base resinsSheldon Evans and Theo F. J. MaalmanCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1979, 13, 6, 741–743Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/es60154a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views59Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (302 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Nuclear receptors as drug targets in obesity, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. (2008)

Nuclear hormone receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), liver X receptors (LXRs), and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), are transcription factors involved in the regulation of essential metabolic functions, including glucose and lipid metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport, and the regulation of bile acids. This review summarizes new developments in the use of PPAR, LXR and FXR agonists for the treatment of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Currently available drugs and future areas of research for new therapies are also discussed.
Use of neural stem cells as therapeutic vehicles for the treatment of malignant glioma (2003)

The prognosis for patients with malignant glioma, the most common primary intracranial neoplasm, remains dismal despite significant progress in neuro-oncological therapies and technology. This stems from the inability of current treatment strategies to address the highly invasive nature of this disease. Malignant glial cells often disseminate throughout the brain, making it exceedingly difficult to target and treat all intracranial neoplastic foci with the result that tumor recurrence is inevitable despite aggressive surgery and adjuvant radio- and/or chemotherapy. The use of neural stem cells as delivery vehicles for tumor toxic molecules is a novel experimental strategy aimed specifically at targeting disseminated tumor pockets. It has been demonstrated that neural stem cells possess a robust tropism for infiltrating tumor cells and that they can be used to deliver therapeutic agents directly to tumor satellites with significant therapeutic benefit. The aim is to develop these findings into a clinically viable technology which would not be hindered by ethical and tissue rejection related concerns stemming from the use of fetal or embryonic tissue transplants. A novel technology whereby neural progenitors similar in morphology, phenotype and behavior to fetal neural stem cells can be isolated from adult bone marrow is also discussed. These technologies represent important progress in the development of a treatment strategy that can specifically target disseminated neoplastic pockets within the brain. However, despite encouraging results in preclinical models, there are significant impediments that must be overcome prior to clinical implementation of this strategy. The key among these is understanding the specific tropic mechanisms that govern neural stem cells migration towards tumors and refining the processes used to generate neural progenitors from adult bone marrow in a clinically implementable fashion. Despite these limitations, the use of neural stem cells for brain tumor therapy holds significant promise and may emerge as an important therapeutic modality for patients with malignant glioma.
Space-time adaptive processing : principles and applications (1998)

Signal and interference models properties of airborne clutter fully adaptive space-time processors space-time subspace techniques spatial transforms for linear arrays adaptive space-time digital filters antenna related aspects space-frequency processing clutter rejection under jamming conditions interrelated problems in SAR and ISAR special aspects of airborne MIT radar sonar applications.
Eficacia de los antieméticos para prevenir las náuseas y los vómitos en niños con tratamiento quimioterápico (2011)

Authors’ conclusions: antiemetic medication and especially antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors are useful in preventing and tre ating nausea and vomiting associated with oncologic treatments. There is a lack of studies on the effect of treatment on antici patory vomiting and nausea, but it is probable that they are not effective. Children with cancer and their families identify secon dary effects caused by cancer treatment as the most disagreeable aspect of it. Reviewers’ commentary: this is a well designed and developed study that meets adequately the criteria for a systematic review. It reviews the studies on impact of vomiting and nausea in children with cancer, and the secondary effects of antiemetic medication (which are frequent and significant) and exposes the need for future research, especially on the impact on quality of life of these children.
Rapid Software Image Distribution for Resource Sharing among Highly Available Session Control Server Clusters (2012)

The utility computing model enables total resource optimization by consolidating server resources and allocating them to each user on demand. To apply this model to session control server clusters composing a carrier-grade telecommunication network for optimization of resource utilization, dynamic software deployment to shared server resources must be done rapidly even when a large number of servers is simultaneously requested. Because a long-time service stoppage due to the lack of resources is unacceptable in the carrier network infrastructure, we propose a rapid software deployment system that distributes a shared software image called a golden boot image to targeted servers using a scalable pipelining single-chain data transfer method we developed. Our system tolerates variability of boot times due to heterogeneity in commercial networks by starting the image transfer in the order of booted servers while taking into account network topology to achieve wire speed. Experimental results with a prototype system showed that the deployment of a 4- GB software image to 29 servers took less than 10 seconds, 1.15 times longer than for deployment to a single server, indicating high scalability. The proposed system also showed tolerance to boot-time variability in simulations.
Ladder-Type Oligo(<i>p</i>-phenylene)s Tethered to a Poly(alkylene) Main Chain:  The Orthogonal Approach to Functional Light-Emitting Polymers (2001)

We report a series of light-emitting polymers with ladder-type oligo(p-phenylene) units orthogonally and periodically tethered to a polyalkylene main chain via a substitution-type condensation polymerization reaction. This involved the reaction between lithiated fluoreneacene oligomers and a homologous series of α,ω-dibromoalkanes. The fluoreneacene oligomers were synthesized using a step-by-step procedure involving the Suzuki coupling method, Grignard reaction, and Friedel−Crafts type ring closure (alkylation). The polymerization involved lithiation of the reactive hydrogens in the middle phenyl group followed by an SN2-type condensation polymerization with the dibromoalkanes. The oligomers have spectral properties consistent with that of other ladder-type p-pheneneylene structures. The alkylene chain length influenced the luminophore aggregation and excimer formation in the solid state. These materials showed high photoluminescence efficiencies in both solution and solid state, making them good candidates as organic materials for light-emitting devices.
Development of a high efficiency integration system and promoter library for rapid modification of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (2017)

<i>Pseudomonas putida</i> strains are highly robust bacteria known for their ability to efficiently utilize a variety of carbon sources, including aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Recently, <i>P. putida</i> has been engineered to valorize the lignin stream of a lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment process. Nonetheless, when compared to platform organisms such as <i>Escherichia coli</i>, the toolkit for engineering <i>P. putida</i> is underdeveloped. Heterologous gene expression in particular is problematic. Plasmid instability and copy number variance provide challenges for replicative plasmids, while use of homologous recombination for insertion of DNA into the chromosome is slow and laborious. Further, most heterologous expression efforts to date typically rely on overexpression of exogenous pathways using a handful of poorly characterized promoters. To improve the <i>P. putida</i> toolkit, we developed a rapid genome integration system using the site-specific recombinase from bacteriophage Bxb1 to enable rapid, high efficiency integration of DNA into the <i>P. putida</i> chromosome. We also developed a library of synthetic promoters with various UP elements, -35 sequences, and -10 sequences, as well as different ribosomal binding sites. We tested these promoters using a fluorescent reporter gene, mNeonGreen, to characterize the strength of each promoter, and identified UP-element-promoter-ribosomal binding sites combinations capable of driving a ~150-fold range of protein expression levels. An additional integrating vector was developed that confers more robust kanamycin resistance when integrated at single copy into the chromosome. This genome integration and reporter systems are extensible for testing other genetic parts, such as examining terminator strength, and will allow rapid integration of heterologous pathways for metabolic engineering.
Structural Features of a Six-Nucleotide RNA Hairpin Loop Found in Ribosomal RNA (1996)

The hairpin loop GUAAUA occurs frequently in ribosomal RNA. Optical melting studies show that r(GGCGUAAUAGCC) folds into a hairpin containing this loop. The structural features of the r(GGCGUAAUAGCC) hairpin have been determined by NMR and molecular modeling. NOEs from G4-H1' to A9-H2 and from A9-H2 to G10-H1' show that G4 and A9 form a sheared base pair with two hydrogen bonds: A-N7 to G-NH2 and A-NH6 to G-N3. One-dimensional NOE data show no NOEs between the imino protons of U5 and U8, but NOEs are observed between the U5-H1' and the U8-H6 and U8-H5, thus orienting the U8 imino proton away from U5. Thus U5 and U8 do not form an imino hydrogen-bonded U.U pair. The U5-H2' exhibits NOEs to both the A6-H8 and A7-H8, and the 3' phosphorus resonances of U5 and A6 are shifted downfield. This suggests that the helix turn is between the U5 and A6 nucleotides. The JH1'-H2 and JH3'-H4' coupling constants indicate that the loop is dynamic, particularly at 35 degrees C, well below the melting temperature of 63 degrees C. Structures were generated using 75 distance and 46 dihedral angle restraints. In these structures, the U5 base is stacked on the sheared base pair formed by G4 and A9 and can initiate a uridine turn similar to that observed in the anticodon loop of tRNA. The A6, A7, and U8 bases can stack on one another with their hydrogen-bonding surfaces exposed to the solvent, suggesting that they are available for tertiary interactions or protein recognition in rRNA. A range of loop structures are consistent with the data, however. The lack of formation of a U.U mismatch is consistent with a recent model that predicts the stability of hairpin loops of six nucleotides on the basis of the closing base pair and first mismatch in the loop [Serra, M. J., Axenson, T. J., & Turner, D. H. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 14289-14296].
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Meets OFDM: Protocol Design and Rate Maximization (2020)

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising new technology for achieving both spectrum and energy efficient wireless communication systems in the future. However, existing works on IRS mainly consider frequency-flat channels and assume perfect knowledge of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Motivated by the above, in this paper we study an IRS-enhanced orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system under frequency-selective channels and propose a practical transmission protocol with channel estimation. First, to reduce the overhead in channel training as well as exploit the channel spatial correlation, we propose a novel IRS elements grouping method, where each group consists of a set of adjacent IRS elements that share a common reflection coefficient. Based on this method, we propose a practical transmission protocol where only the combined channel of each group needs to be estimated, thus substantially reducing the training overhead. Next, with any given grouping and estimated CSI, we formulate the problem to maximize the achievable rate by jointly optimizing the transmit power allocation and the IRS passive array reflection coefficients. Although the formulated problem is non-convex and thus difficult to solve, we propose an efficient algorithm to obtain a high-quality suboptimal solution for it, by alternately optimizing the power allocation and the passive array coefficients in an iterative manner, along with a customized method for the initialization. Simulation results show that the proposed design significantly improves the OFDM link rate performance as compared to the case without using IRS. Moreover, it is shown that there exists an optimal size for IRS elements grouping which achieves the maximum achievable rate due to the practical trade-off between the training overhead and IRS passive beamforming flexibility.
Paenibacillus kribbensis sp. nov. and Paenibacillus terrae sp. nov., bioflocculants for efficient harvesting of algal cells (2003)

Two strains of Gram-variable, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, peritrichously flagellated, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from a soil sample collected in Taejon City, Korea. The two strains (AM49T and AM141T) were found to be members of the genus Paenibacillus, on the basis of the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. Strains AM49T and AM141T were found to have a cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, MK-7 as their predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C15:0 as their major fatty acid. The DNA G + C contents of strains AM49T and AM141T were 48 and 47 mol%, respectively. The two strains formed distinct phylogenetic lineages within the radiation of the cluster comprising Paenibacillus spp. and a coherent cluster with Paenibacillus jamilae, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Paenibacillus azotofixans and Paenibacillus peoriae. The level of 16S rDNA similarity between strains AM49T and AM141T was 97.6%, and 16S rDNA similarity values between strains AM49T and AM141T and the type strains of other Paenibacillus spp. ranged from 90.3 to 98.7%. Levels of DNA-DNA similarity between the two strains and members of the genus Paenibacillus indicated that strains AM49T and AM141T were distinguishable from each other and from four phylogenetically related Paenibacillus spp. Therefore, on the basis of their phenotypic properties, phylogeny and genomic distinctiveness, it is proposed that strains AM49T and AM141T be placed in the genus Paenibacillus as two distinct novel species, Paenibacillus kribbensis (AM49T =KCTC 0766BPT =JCM 11465T) and Paenibacillus terrae (AM141T =KCCM 41557T =JCM 11466T).
In silico Analysis and Molecular Docking Comparison of Curcumin and Bisdemethoxycurcumin on Transthyretin (2016)

In this study, we investigated and compared the binding affinity of curcumin and its derivative, bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), on the chain A domain of the transthyretin (TTR) protein by computational docking studies. The three dimensional crystallographic structure of TTR was obtained from PDB database (PDB ID: 4PMF). Computational docking analysis was performed using PyRx, Autodock Vina, and Discovery Studio Version 4.5 option based on scoring functions. The curcumin showed optimum binding affinity (docking energy) with TTR with the binding energy of -5.08 kcal/mol as compared to the BDMC (-4.76 kcal/mol). These results indicated that curcumin could be more potent ligands to the TTR than BDMC. Therefore, curcumin can be applied to the fields of the TTR-induced alzheimer's disease regulation.
Evaluating Explorations and Demonstrations for Planning in Criminal Justice (1975)

Excerpt from the full-text article: This paper has emphasized the importance of evaluative research as an integral component for both explorations and demonstrations, particularly for its contribution to planning in criminal justice. In so doing, an attempt has been made to differentiate the purposes and, consequently, the appropriate research strategies for evaluating these projects. The research of explorations aimed to facilitate the process of conceptualizing and operationalizing "innovative" services into testable demonstrations. To increase the validity and generalizability of individual demonstration projects, replications in different places under varying conditions are needed. According to Wholey, however, many small studies have been carried out around the country which lack uniformity of design and objectives. Thus, results have been rarely comparable or responsive to the questions facing policy makers (Wholey, 1971: 15). To remedy this situation there would be some merit in following Rivlin's suggestion that funding organizations take the leadership in organizing, funding and evaluating systematic experiments with various ways of implementing programs (Rivlin, 1971: 15). Demonstration projects could then be planned in response to established priorities in the overall process of program development and/or policy-making while allowing for some random innovation.
Core double-shell Si@SiO2@C nanocomposites as anode materials for Li-ion batteries (2010)

Core double-shell Si@SiO(2)@C nanocomposites were prepared through a facile route. SiO(2) and carbon double shells effectively accommodated the volume swing of Si during repeated cycles and enhanced the electronic network between nanoparticles.