gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptually-Transparent Online Estimation of Two-Channel Room Transfer Function for Sound Calibration (2019)

Sound calibration is employed in many commercial audio systems for improving sound quality. This process includes the estimation of the room transfer function (RTF) between each loudspeaker and a microphone located at the listeners' position. Current methods for RTF estimation employ calibration signals, such as noise or tones, in a dedicated process applied to each loudspeaker separately. Such an estimation disrupts normal playback, is time consuming, and requires user intervention. A perceptually-transparent online RTF estimation method for a two-channel system, which employs calibration signals generated using the original audio signals and complementary filters, is proposed in this article. These calibration signals are uncorrelated across the two channels, which facilitates the online estimation of both channels using a single microphone. Estimation performance is investigated for an experimental system and displays low estimation errors. Finally, a subjective evaluation via a listening test shows that playback of calibration signals is perceptually-transparent under some of the conditions investigated.
Synthesis of D-oxa tricyclic partial ergolines as dopamine agonists (1987)

A series of hetero fused hexahydro-1,4-benzoxazines has been synthesized and evaluated for dopamine agonist activity. This class of compounds is another example in which an oxygen substitution in the D ring of a partial ergoline or ergoline retains dopaminergic properties. Compound 10, trans-(+/-)-4,4a,5,6,8a,9-hexahydro-5-propyl-2H,7H-pyrazolo[4,3-g] [1,4]benzoxazine, is a D-ring analogue of trans-(+/-)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]qu ino line (1, LY141865) and also a des-A-ring analogue of 9-oxaergoline. Compounds 10, 2-aminohexahydrothiazolo[1,4]benzoxazine 11, and 2-aminohexahydropyrimido[1,4]benzoxazine 12 possess dopaminergic activity in prolactin inhibition and 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat turning assays.
Mechanical Properties of Thin Glassy Polymer Films Filled with Spherical Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles (2012)

It is commonly accepted that the addition of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) cannot simultaneously improve the elastic modulus, the yield stress, and the ductility of an amorphous glassy polymer matrix. In contrast to this conventional wisdom, we show that ductility can be substantially increased, while maintaining gains in the elastic modulus and yield stress, in glassy nanocomposite films composed of spherical silica NPs grafted with polystyrene (PS) chains in a PS matrix. The key to these improvements are (i) uniform NP spatial dispersion and (ii) strong interfacial binding between NPs and the matrix, by making the grafted chains sufficiently long relative to the matrix. Strikingly, the optimal conditions for the mechanical reinforcement of the same nanocomposite material in the melt state is completely different, requiring the presence of spatially extended NP clusters. Evidently, NP spatial dispersions that optimize material properties are crucially sensitive to the state (melt versus glass) of the polymeric material.
Three dimensional time reversal optical tomography (2011)

Time reversal optical tomography (TROT) approach is used to detect and locate absorptive targets embedded in a highly scattering turbid medium to assess its potential in breast cancer detection. TROT experimental arrangement uses multi-source probing and multi-detector signal acquisition and Multiple-Signal-Classification (MUSIC) algorithm for target location retrieval. Light transport from multiple sources through the intervening medium with embedded targets to the detectors is represented by a response matrix constructed using experimental data. A TR matrix is formed by multiplying the response matrix by its transpose. The eigenvectors with leading non-zero eigenvalues of the TR matrix correspond to embedded objects. The approach was used to: (a) obtain the location and spatial resolution of an absorptive target as a function of its axial position between the source and detector planes; and (b) study variation in spatial resolution of two targets at the same axial position but different lateral positions. The target(s) were glass sphere(s) of diameter ~9 mm filled with ink (absorber) embedded in a 60 mm-thick slab of Intralipid-20% suspension in water with an absorption coefficient <i>μ<sub>a</sub> </i>~ 0.003 mm<sup>-1</sup> and a transport mean free path <i>l<sub>t</sub> </i>~ 1 mm at 790 nm, which emulate the average values of those parameters for human breast tissue. The spatial resolution and accuracy of target location depended on axial position, and target contrast relative to the background. Both the targets could be resolved and located even when they were only 4-mm apart. The TROT approach is fast, accurate, and has the potential to be useful in breast cancer detection and localization.
Automating Average Stopped Delay Estimation Using Image Analysis of Actual Traffic Flow at Signalized Intersections (2005)

Average stopped delay for a given signalized intersection approach is the average time a vehicle waits at the traffic light and it constitutes a part of the measure of effectiveness of signalized intersections. The exploratory work done by two authors of this paper using images created by the animation feature of the CORSIM traffic simulation software indicated that such application can actually produce stopped delay estimates commensurate with the results of the ITE method. However, CORSIM simulation images do not have parallax problems and vehicle color and size and pavement color were practically the same for the entire evaluation field. The three methods (Gap, Gap-hybrid, Motion method) developed in this study are able to overcome to an acceptable level these problems associated with actual traffic flow images. They were tested with the two image data sets that were taken at two different locations with different camera angles. The performance of the three methods varies depending on the quality of image, camera angle, and calibrated parameter values used for each method. Nevertheless, in both cases they were able to produce average stopped delays similar to those estimated by the ITE manual method. At present the software that executes the three methods analyzes one approach lane at a time using digitized still images taken from analog video films; however, it can be expanded to analyze multiple approach lanes and digital images dynamically fed by digital traffic monitoring cameras. With this automated procedure the traffic engineer can estimate average stopped delays in his or her office, greatly saving time, money and manpower necessary for conducting field data collections.
Rapid Amperometric Verification of PCR Amplification of DNA (1999)

Amplification of an 800-base template was verified in a 10-min test on a 2-microL sample of the PCR product solution. For verification, digoxigeninylated primers and biotinylated d-UTP-16-biotin were added to the amplification solution. The resulting amplified product was digoxigeninlabeled at its 3'-end and was also labeled with multiple biotin functions along its chain. The detecting electrode was coated with an electron-conducting redox hydrogel to which anti-digoxin monoclonal antibody was covalently bound. The amplified DNA was captured by the electrode through conjugation of its 3'-digoxigenin with the antibody. Exposure to a solution of horseradish peroxidase-labeled avidin led to capture of the enzyme and switched the redox hydrogel from a noncatalyst to catalyst for H2O2 electroreduction. The switching resulted in an H2O2 electroreduction current density of 2.1 +/- 0.9 microA cm-2 in 10-4 M H2O2 at Ag/AgCl potential and at 25 degrees C.
Quantized-Dialog Language Model for Goal-Oriented Conversational Systems (2018)

We propose a novel methodology to address dialog learning in the context of goal-oriented conversational systems. The key idea is to quantize the dialog space into clusters and create a language model across the clusters, thus allowing for an accurate choice of the next utterance in the conversation. The language model relies on n-grams associated with clusters of utterances. This quantized-dialog language model methodology has been applied to the end-to-end goal-oriented track of the latest Dialog System Technology Challenges (DSTC6). The objective is to find the correct system utterance from a pool of candidates in order to complete a dialog between a user and an automated restaurant-reservation system. Our results show that the technique proposed in this paper achieves high accuracy regarding selection of the correct candidate utterance, and outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches based on neural networks.
Application of the principle of optical phase-contrast microscopy to velocity phase-encoded MRI of blood flow in the aorta (1996)

A new method of presenting magnetic resonance phase information is described and an example of its application given in the context of velocity phase-encoded MRI of blood flow in the aorta. The method takes as its starting point Zernike's technique of phase contrast microscopy. It exploits the parallel between the transform plane in Fourier optics and kappa-space in MRI. In the example described two datasets are acquired, one with and the other without velocity encoding, as in conventional phase-encoded velocity imaging. A dataset is formed which is corrected for unwanted phase variations caused by static field inhomogeneity. The method then effectively combines phase and magnitude information into a single image. The technique is complementary to existing methods of displaying phase information.
Generation of Aircraft Intent Based on a Microstrategy Search Tree (2016)

This paper presents a novel approach for the generation of an aircraft intent that unambiguously describes the behavior of the aircraft during a flight. This behavior is the result of modeling the piloting strategies used by an automation system, such as a flight management system or a pilot, to comply with the set of prescribed constraints included in a flight plan or an aircraft mission description. The corresponding four-dimensional trajectory can be later computed from this aircraft intent. Special focus is given to the generation of vertical profiles. This approach is inspired by search strategies used in artificial intelligence: a search tree is generated to evaluate possible maneuvers at each point; and microstrategies are used to build this tree and decide what maneuvers might be possible. It will be shown that this process is flexible enough to meet the needs of many applications of trajectory prediction. Specifically, its modular design allows changing elements of the intent generation process to fit very different scenarios, from commercial airliner flights to unmanned aircraft flights.
Studies on Production of Lipids in Fungi. X. (1982)

The influence of cultural conditions, especially C/N ratio of medium, growth temperature, nitrogen source and chain length of hydrocarbons on the amounts of lipids formed from n-paraffin in the my-celium of two strains (IFO 7824 and 7884) of Mortierella isabellina which were found to accumulate large amount of lipids in the mycelium incubated by using glucose as a carbon source was investigated.The mycelium of the strains were observed to be grown well when cultured by using decane as a carbon source. The maximum accumulation of lipids, 0.375g/400 ml medium, containing 5.0ml (3.64 g) of decane at C/N ratio of 24.1 by using NH4NO3 as a nitrogen source when grown at 30°C. In this case, the lipid coefficient which total intracellular lipid weight produced/100 g of decane was obtained 10.3.The fatty acids compositions of neutral and polar lipid fractions fractionated from lipid extracts by silicic acid column chromatography and the lipid compositions of both fractions were determined. The influence of the cultural conditions on these compositions was also investigated.
Five Additional Genes Are Involved in Clavulanic Acid Biosynthesis in <i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i> (2003)

An approximately 12.5-kbp region of DNA sequence from beyond the end of the previously described clavulanic acid gene cluster was analyzed and found to encode nine possible open reading frames (ORFs). Involvement of these ORFs in clavulanic acid biosynthesis was assessed by creating mutants with defects in each of the ORFs. orf12 and orf14 had been previously reported to be involved in clavulanic acid biosynthesis. Now five additional ORFs are shown to play a role, since their mutation results in a significant decrease or total absence of clavulanic acid production. Most of these newly described ORFs encode proteins with little similarity to others in the databases, and so their roles in clavulanic acid biosynthesis are unclear. Mutation of two of the ORFs, orf15 and orf16, results in the accumulation of a new metabolite, N-acetylglycylclavaminic acid, in place of clavulanic acid. orf18 and orf19 encode apparent penicillin binding proteins, and while mutations in these genes have minimal effects on clavulanic acid production, their normal roles as cell wall biosynthetic enzymes and as targets for beta-lactam antibiotics, together with their clustered location, suggest that they are part of the clavulanic acid gene cluster.
Novel liposome composition for a rapid colorimetric test for systemic lupus erythematosus. (1983)

This test for systemic lupus erythematosus utilizes a novel liposome composition entrapping the cation-responsive red dye Arsenazo III. In dilutions of normal sera the liposome membranes undergo a rearrangement when divalent cations are added, resulting in the release of the encapsulated dye and the rapid formation of a stable blue cation-dye complex. Microliter amounts of sera from patients with active lupus stabilize the liposome preparation such that the vesicles remain intact in the presence of the added divalent cations and thus maintain their red color for extended periods. The assay requires 1-min incubations in sera at room temperature and can be performed with standard microtiter plates, allowing the screening of large numbers of serum samples in a short time. Moreover, the unique absorption spectra of the complexed and uncomplexed dye allow for quantification of results.
Fiber-optic sensing of electric field components (1988)

Symmetry properties of the converse piezoelectric effect are investigated for their use in fiber-optic sensing of individual electric field components. Three basic sensor designs are analyzed in detail. Suitable sensor materials are identified and relevant material properties are discussed. The sensitivity of the sensor to a specified field component is experimentally verified. A dynamic range of approximately 5 orders of magnitude is found for frequencies in the kilohertz range. The sensor concept is compared to electrooptic sensors.
Multi-hypervisor virtual machines: enabling an ecosystem of hypervisor-level services (2017)

Public cloud software marketplaces already offer users a wealth of choice in operating systems, database management systems, financial software, and virtual networking, all deployable and configurable at the click of a button. Unfortunately, this level of customization has not extended to emerging hypervisor-level services, partly because traditional virtual machines (VMs) are fully controlled by only one hypervisor at a time. Currently, a VM in a cloud platform cannot concurrently use hypervisor-level services from multiple third-parties in a compartmentalized manner. We propose the notion of a multi-hypervisorVM , which is an unmodified guest that can simultaneously use services from multiple coresident, but isolated, hypervisors. We present a new virtualization architecture, called Span virtualization, that leverages nesting to allow multiple hypervisors to concurrently control a guest's memory, virtual CPU, and I/O resources. Our prototype of Span virtualization on the KVM/QEMU platform enables a guest to use services such as introspection, network monitoring, guest mirroring, and hypervisor refresh, with performance comparable to traditional nested VMs.
CAD-guided manufacturing of nanostructures using nanoparticles (2005)

The development of nanomanufacturing technologies will lead to potential breakthroughs in manufacturing of new industrial products. Nanomanufacturing by manipulating nanoparticles using an atomic force microscope is desirable to manufacture asymmetric nanodevices and nanostructures. The complexity of nanomanufacturing requires positioning, manipulating and assembling nanoparticles. Typical manual nanomanipulation is time-consuming and inefficient. Automated path planning is desirable for nanomanufacturing, but does not receive much attention. In this paper, a general framework is developed to manufacture nanostructures and nanodevices. An automated tool path planning algorithm is presented. Simulations are performed to test the generated paths. The generated paths are also implemented to manipulate nanoparticles to manufacture nanostructures automatically. The simulation and experimental results are consistent. The general framework can also be extended to manipulate other nanoobjects.
Control of hysteresis and kinematic error nonlinearities in harmonic drives for high speed precision control applications (2004)

Important nonlinear transmission attributes exhibiting coupled dynamics and deteriorating performance of harmonic drive systems include hysteresis and kinematic error. This work presents control algorithms developed to compensate for hysteresis in the presence of kinematic error (KE) for precision position tracking applications with known smooth load on the output side. A model of hysteresis with a linear flexibility part and nonlinear dissipative part represented by a differential equation is used. The model is integrated with kinematic error model to obtain a set of equations governing system dynamics. First, a singularly perturbed model of the drive is derived from this set of equations. The proposed algorithm is then developed using integral manifold control approach involving slow and fast control terms. A recent result by authors on compensation of kinematic error alone is employed for the same. Simulation results with the proposed algorithms establish its effectiveness.
Detection of As(iii) via oxidation to As(v) using platinum nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrodes: arsenic detection without interference from copper (2006)

The electrochemical detection of As(III) was investigated on a platinum nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode in 1 M aqueous HClO4. Platinum nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrodes were prepared by potential cycling in 0.1 M aqueous KCl containing 1 mM K2PtCl6. In each potential cycle, the potential was held at + 0.5 V for 0.01 s and at -0.7 V for 10 s. 25 cycles were optimally used to prepare the electrodes. The resulting electrode surfaces were characterized with AFM. The response to arsenic(III) on the modified electrode was examined using cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. By using the As(III) oxidation peak for the analytical determination, there is no interference from Cu(II) if present in contrast to the other metal surfaces (especially gold) typically used for the detection of arsenic; Cu(II) precludes the use of the As(0) to As(III) peak for quantitative anodic stripping voltammetry measurements due to the formation of Cu3As2 and an overlapping interference peak from the stripping of Cu(0). After optimization, a LOD of 2.1 +/- 0.05 ppb was obtained using the direct oxidation of As(III) to As(V), while the World Health Organization's guideline value of arsenic for drinking water is 10 ppb, suggesting the method may have practical utility.
Ultrabreathable and Protective Membranes with Sub‐5 nm Carbon Nanotube Pores (2016)

Small-diameter carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are shown to enable exceptionally fast transport of water vapor under a concentration gradient driving force. Thanks to this property, membranes having sub-5 nm CNTs as conductive pores feature outstanding breathability while maintaining a high degree of protection from biothreats by size exclusion.
Silica/Air Photonic Crystal Fibres (1998)

We describe the fabrication, characterisation and applications of silica/air photonic crystal fibres with microscopic arrays of air capillaries running along their length.
<i>De novo</i> structural determination of oligosaccharide isomers in glycosphingolipids using logically derived sequence tandem mass spectrometry (2021)

Despite the importance of carbohydrates in biological systems, structural determination of carbohydrates remains difficult because of the large number of isomers. In this study, a new mass spectrometry method, namely logically derived sequence tandem mass spectrometry (LODES/MS<sup><i>n</i></sup>), was developed to characterize oligosaccharide structures. In this approach, sequential collision-induced dissociation (CID) of oligosaccharides is performed in an ion trap mass spectrometer to identify the linkage position, anomeric configuration, and stereoisomers of each monosaccharide in the oligosaccharides. The CID sequences are derived from carbohydrate dissociation mechanisms. LODES/MS<sup><i>n</i></sup> does not require oligosaccharide standards or the prior knowledge of the rules and principles of biosynthetic pathways; thus LODES/MS<sup><i>n</i></sup> is particularly useful for the investigation of undiscovered oligosaccharides. We demonstrated that the structure of core oligosaccharides in glycosphingolipids can be identified from more than 500 000 isomers using LODES/MS<sup><i>n</i></sup>. The same method can be applied for determining the structures of other oligosaccharides, such as <i>N</i>-, and <i>O</i>-glycans, and free oligosaccharides in milk.
Multiple field of view lidar returns from atmospheric aerosols (1994)

As a laser pulse propagates into the atmosphere, it becomes broader in the lateral direction as a result of scattering by aerosols. The laser pulse may be described as the superposition of a central, unscattered component of reduced intensity and a surrounding scattered component. A multiple field of view lidar has been developed that makes simultaneous measurements of the backscattered power from the central pulse and multiply scattered power arising from the scattered component. Measurements from various types of atmospheric aerosols and precipitation are presented and compared with simulated returns. The results show how the multiply scattered signals are influenced by the distribution of the aerosols along the lidar path, the characteristic size of the aerosols, and the optical depth. It is shown that the multiple field of view lidar can provide meaningful, additional information about the aerosols that is not available from a conventional single field of view lidar.