gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine Administration Decreases Vulnerability to Ventricular Fibrillation in the Normal Canine Heart (1981)

Intravenous infusion of tyrosine (1, 2, or 4 milligrams per kilogram) for 20 to 30 minutes caused dose-dependent increases in the ventricular fibrillation threshold in normal dogs. Administration of valine, a neutral amino acid that competes with tyrosine for uptake at the blood-brain barrier, in a dose equimolar to the most effective dose of tyrosine, slightly decreased the ventricular fibrillation threshold when given alone and significantly blocked elevation of the ventricular fibrillation threshold after tyrosine infusion. Hence, tyrosine, presumably acting in the central nervous system, can protect against certain ventricular arrhythmias.
Identification and use of the sugarcane bacilliform virus enhancer in transgenic maize (2014)

The SCBV-IM enhancer can activate transcription upstream or downstream of genes and in either orientation. It may be a useful tool to activate enhance from specific promoters or in activation tagging.
Water in supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing (2015)

This paper investigates the effect of water serving as entrainer on the dyeing of wool fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide. Compared with previous supercritical dyeing methods, addition of water makes the dyeing process more effective under low temperature and low pressure. During dyeing process, dyestuff can be uniformly distributed on fabrics?s surface due to water interaction, as a result coloration is enhanced while color difference is decreased.
High accuracy optical electric field and voltage sensors (2003)

In this paper, we present an optical electric field and voltage sensor system having features that allow for reliable and very accurate measurement of electric fields and voltages in a HV environment. It is designed to meet the most stringent accuracy requirements of IEC or IEEE/ANSI standards for revenue metering over a wide temperature range and under varying input light intensity. The optical electric field sensor (EFS) system is based on a Pockels cell. The light source, the detection unit, and the processing unit are made of electronic (and opto-electronic) components and are integrated in a single electronics module. Optical fibers effectively guide the light between the electronics module and the sensor-head in the high voltage environment and provide galvanic isolation between these environments.
AN ADVANCED CONCEPT FOR INTEGRATED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS (2002)

Driver Assistance Systems have been a focal point of automotive research over the last two decades. Today, the driver of a modern vehicle is already assisted in different aspects of the driving task by various technical systems. In the beginning, the industry concentrated on finding technical solutions for these systems. At present, the need lies in reducing the driver's strain whilst increasing the driving safety and acceptance of assistance systems in various traffic situations and for a wide range of users. The project S.A.N.T.O.S (Situations-angepasste und Nutzer-Typ-zentrierte Optimierung von Systemen zur Fahreruntersttzung /Situation-adapted and User-type Optimized Driver Assistance Systems) aimed to fulfill these requirements by developing an adaptive assistance system and investigated and implemented an individual, situation specific and integrated concept for driver assistance. This paper presents the first steps towards an adaptive and integrated driver assistance system. Traffic density is rising due to a constantly increasing number of vehicles combined with an infrastructure that is not growing equivalently. Therefore the driving task today has become more and more difficult. Further, the additional distraction of the driver through the use of cell phones and other communication devices while driving has intensified the problem. Within the last two decades, the automotive industry has started developing technical systems with the goal to assist the driver, accordingly increasing the driving comfort and driving safety. The basic idea of driver assistance is to support the driver according to her / his expectations. This characteristic can be compared to an electronic co-pilot that assists the driver performing the driving task.
Simultaneous mass spectrometry and thermoconductivity measurements of end-tidal xenon concentrations: A comparison (1984)

Studies in which the rate of local cerebral blood flow is determined by xenon-enhanced computerized tomography require measurement of end-tidal gas. A mass spectrometer and a thermoconductivity detector were compared in measuring the concentration of xenon in end-tidal gas both in humans and in a clinically simulated ("breathing bag") system. The experiments showed that the two instruments provided virtually identical results up to a rate of 18 breaths/min, at which rate recorded concentrations showed marginal degradation with the thermoconductivity detector. Given the absence of a significant difference in the ability of the mass spectrometer and the thermoconductivity detector to measure end-tidal xenon concentration, the thermoconductivity detector appears to be a satisfactory alternative in studies measuring the rate of local cerebral blood flow by enhanced computerized tomography.
From carbon nanotube coatings to high‐performance polymer nanocomposites (2007)

Abstract Since their discovery at the beginning of the 1990s, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been the focus of considerable research by both academia and industry due to their remarkable and unique electronic and mechanical properties. Among numerous potential applications of CNTs, their use as reinforcing materials for polymers has recently received considerable attention since their exceptional mechanical properties, combined with their low density, offer tremendous opportunities for the development of fundamentally new material systems. However, the key challenge remains to reach a high level of nanoparticle dissociation (i.e. to break down the cohesion of aggregated CNTs) as well as a fine dispersion upon melt blending within the selected matrices. Therefore, this contribution aims at reviewing the exceptional efficiency of CNT coating by a thin layer of polymer as obtained by an in situ polymerization process catalysed directly from the nanofiller surface, known as the ‘polymerization‐filling technique’. This process allows for complete destructuring of the native filler aggregates. Interestingly enough, such surface‐coated carbon nanotubes can be added as ‘masterbatch’ in commercial polymeric matrices leading to the production of polymer nanocomposites displaying much better thermomechanical, flame retardant and electrical conductive properties even at very low filler loading. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
A New <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> Alpha‐Amylase Capable of Low pH Liquefaction (1991)

Abstract A new alpha‐amylase has been developed capable of catalyzing industrial scale liquefaction of starch at lower than conventional pH levels. Low pH liquefaction results in significant cost savings and less complex operations for a starch processor. Liquefaction studies in a pilot scale jet cooker demonstrated that, surprisingly, commercial starch slurries taken from different sources vary greatly as to ease of liquefaction at lower than conventional pH values. Apparently low levels of stabilizing or destabilizing factors exist in commercial starch slurries which affect the stability of alpha‐amylase during high temperature (103–107°C) liquefaction.
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Validation Protocol (PVP) (2012)

One of the main challenges in inter-domain federation of Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) calls is that many domains continue to
utilize phone numbers, and not email-style SIP URI. Consequently, a
mechanism is needed that enables secure mappings from phone numbers to
domains. The main technical challenge in doing this securely is to
verify that the domain in question truly is the owner of the phone
number. This specification defines the PSTN Validation Protocol (PVP),
which can be used by a domain to verify this ownership by means of a
forward routability check in the PSTN.
A melanocyte-specific complementary DNA clone whose expression is inducible by melanotropin and isobutylmethyl xanthine. (1987)

Two groups of cDNA clones were isolated by screening a lambda gt11 cDNA library of normal human melanocytes with antityrosinase antibodies: one group of 13 was related to the human tyrosinase gene. The properties of the other group of three cDNA clones was investigated by the use of a representative clone, Pmel 17-1. The cDNA hybridized to an mRNA species of approximately 2600 bases from human and murine melanocytes. The transcript of Pmel 17-1 (17-1 mRNA) was expressed preferentially in melanocytes and its abundance paralleled the melanin content. The expression of Pmel 17-1 mRNA increased after stimulation of human and murine melanoma cells with agents that increase the levels of melanization. Immunocompetition assays with monoclonal antibodies to gp75, a known pigmentation-associated antigen of melanocytes, suggested that Pmel 17-1 encodes a 75,000 Mr glycoprotein that is highly abundant in melanotic cells and shares some immunological homology with tyrosinase. The gene for Pmel 17-1 did not map at or near the c-albino locus in mice. The cDNA of Pmel 17-1 detected a single hybridizing restriction fragment in both human and murine DNA, indicating that the gene has been conserved between these two species and exists as a single gene in each.
An HEVC extension for spatial and quality scalable video coding (2013)

This paper describes an extension of the upcoming High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard for supporting spatial and quality scalable video coding. Besides scalable coding tools known from scalable profiles of prior video coding standards such as H.262/MPEG-2 Video and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, the proposed scalable HEVC extension includes new coding tools that further improve the coding efficiency of the enhancement layer. In particular, new coding modes by which base and enhancement layer signals are combined for forming an improved enhancement layer prediction signal have been added. All scalable coding tools have been integrated in a way that the low-level syntax and decoding process of HEVC remain unchanged to a large extent. Simulation results for typical application scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design. For spatial and quality scalable coding with two layers, bit-rate savings of about 20-30% have been measured relative to simulcasting the layers, which corresponds to a bit-rate overhead of about 5-15% relative to single-layer coding of the enhancement layer.
A 20-MHz sixth-order BiCMOS parasitic-insensitive continuous-time filter and second-order equalizer optimized for disk-drive read channels (1993)

A fast parasitic-insensitive continuous-time filter and equalizer integrated circuit that uses an active integrator is described. Circuit techniques for excess-phase cancellation and for setting the corner-frequency of the filter and equalizer are also described. These techniques result in a filter and equalizer chip with performance independent of process, supply, and temperature without employing phase-lock loops. The 20-MHz sixth-order Bessel filter and second-order equalizer operate from 5 V and generate only 0.24% (-52 dB) of total harmonic distortion when processing 2-V/sub pp/ differential output signals. The device is optimized to limit high-frequency noise and to amplitude equalize the data pulses in hard disk read-channel systems. The device supports data rates of up to 36 Mb/s and is built in a 1.5- mu m, 4-GHz BiCMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of Neural Networks for Predictive Control in Drilling Dynamics (1999)

Abstract Real-time monitoring of BHA and drill bit dynamic behavior is a critical factor in improving drilling efficiency. It allows the driller to avoid detrimental drillstring vibrations and maintain optimum drilling conditions through periodic adjustments to various surface control parameters (such as hook load, RPM, flow rate and mud properties). However, selection of the correct control parameters is not a trivial task. A few iterations in parameter modification may be required before the desired effect is achieved and, even then, the result may not be optimal. For this reason, the development of efficient methods to predict the dynamic behavior of the BHA, and methods to select the appropriate control parameters, is important for drilling optimization. The approach presented in this paper uses the power of Neural Networks (NN) to model the dynamic behavior of the non-linear, multi- input/output drilling system. Such a model, along with an optimizing controller, provides the driller with a quantified recommendation on the appropriate corrective action(s) required to bring the system to an optimal drilling condition. Development of the NN model used drilling dynamics data from a field test. This field test involved various drilling scenarios in different lithologic units. The training and fine-tuning of the basic model utilized both surface and downhole dynamics data recorded in real-time while drilling. Measurement of the dynamic state of the BHA was achieved using data from downhole vibration sensors. This information, which represents the effects of modifying the surface control parameters, was recorded in the memory of the downhole tool. Representative portions of this test data set, along with the corresponding set of input-output control parameters, were used in developing and training the model. Test results are promising: There is good agreement between the dynamic behavior of the BHA predicted by the NN model and the actual measured BHA response. In addition, the test established criteria for selecting the most important input-output parameters and for selecting representative data sets for building and training the model. This analysis has demonstrated a promising approach to simulation and prediction of the dynamic behavior of the complex multi-parameter drilling system. This method could become a powerful alternative to traditional analytic or direct numerical modeling and its utilization could be extended beyond drilling dynamics to the field of drilling control and optimization.
AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR PREDICTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ABRASIVE WATER JET CUTTING MECHANISM AUTOMATIZOVANÝ SYSTÉM PRO NÁVRH TECHNOLOGICKÝCH PARAMETRŮ HYDRO-ABRAZIVNÍHO DĚLENÍ MATERIÁLU (2010)

The abrasive waterjet technology is used today mainly for cutting metal materials. However, it is possible to use this technology also for cutting non-metal materials like marble or other materials whose surface must comply with specific parameters. Cutting non-metal materials using the abrasive waterjet technology is quite rare at present and we can find it mainly in laboratories. The main reason can be complicated settings of technological parameters. Technicians working with these mechanisms can predict these parameters based on their previous experience. Without such experience or when using new materials they have to make a lot of experiments to find the right technological parameters. The main task of this paper is to show how to use modern small computers to apply the automated system for the prediction of necessary parameters for the abrasive water jet cutting system which is developed at our university. This automated system can be helpful especially for the technicians who works with the abrasive waterjet technology or it may be part of robotized workplaces in future. Abstrakt V dnesni době je technologie hydro-abrazivniho paprsku (AWJ) uživana zejmena pro děleni kovových materialů. Avsak tuto technologii je možne take využit pro děleni nekovových materialů např. mramor nebo jiných materialů, u kterých je důležite ziskat povrch s urcitými parametry. Využiti teto technologie pro děleni nekovových materialů je v dnesni době zatim ojediněle, protože nastaveni technologických parametrů je velice komplikovane. Technici, kteři pracuji s timto zařizenim, obvykle nastavuji technologicke parametry podle předchozich zkusenosti. Pokud vsak nemaji předchozi zkusenosti nebo pracuji s novým materialem, musi provest mnoho testů, tak aby byli schopni nalezt odpovidajici technologicke parametry. Clanek je zaměřen na seznameni s automatizovaným systemem pro navrh technologických parametrů technologie AWJ a využiti malých pocitacových systemů. Tento automatizovaný system je použitelný zejmena pro techniky pracujici s technologii AWJ a nebo v budoucnu může být soucasti robotizovaných pracovisť v dolech.
Coal flow meter development. Phase A: feasibility study (1980)

The analysis of the coals performed from both NMR and ESR data revealed several interesting results. First, adequate signal levels for flow metering can be obtained from all coals with either the hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance or the electron spin resonance. However, the higher signal/noise ratio of ESR makes it more advantageous than the NMR for use in measuring the flow rate, although either or both could be used. Second, the ESR amplitude is highly correlated with the amount of carbon in the coal and with the ratio of the carbon to volatiles. Third, hydrogen NMR can be used to separately measure both the volatiles and the water content of the coal. In summary, the conceptual design of the flowmeter is as originally proposed based on the use of a spin filter oscillator, which derives ESR signals from the free radicals in coal. The results of the ESR and NMR measurements and information from the literature as well as on the prior experience of SwRI in the development of applied magnetic resonance devices confirmed the basic feasibility of this approach. These signals were found to be of useful intensity throughout the entire set of domestic coals. In the proposed configuration,more » the flowmeter will measure the flow velocity by sensing the frequency shift in the spin filter oscillator. The concentration of the coal (and the carbon) in the flow stream will be sensed as a function of the ESR amplitude. NMR techniques will be used to simultaneously measure the moisture and volatiles contents of the coal. The heating value of the coal will be estimated by use of both ESR and NMR measurements.« less
Investigating the role of hydrogen in ultra-nanocrystalline diamond thin film growth (2006)

Hydrogen has long been known to be critical for the growth of high-quality microcrystalline diamond thin films as well as homoepitaxial single-crystal diamond. A hydrogen-poor growth process that results in ultra-nanocrystalline diamond thin films has also been developed, and it has been theorized that diamond growth with this gas chemistry can occur in the absence of hydrogen. This study investigates the role of hydrogen in the growth of ultra-nanocrystalline diamond thin films in two different regimes. First, we add hydrogen to the gas phase during growth, and observe that there seems to be a competitive growth process occurring between microcrystalline diamond and ultra-nanocrystalline diamond, rather than a simple increase in the grain size of ultra-nanocrystalline diamond. Second, we remove hydrogen from the plasma by changing the hydrocarbon precursor from methane to acetylene and observe that there does seem to be some sort of lower limit to the amount of hydrogen that can sustain ultra-nanocrystalline diamond growth. We speculate that this is due to the amount of hydrogen needed to stabilize the surface of the growing diamond nanocrystals.
Detection of Clonal T-Cell Receptor-gamma Gene Rearrangement by PCR/Temporal Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (2001)

Limited combinatorial and junctional diversity in TCR-gamma gene rearrangement can result in amplification products that are difficult to interpret when analyzed by conventional gel electrophoresis methods that separate DNA based on size (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [PAGE]). We describe a simple approach to the detection of clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangement using temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) that uses a gradual and uniform increase in the temperature of a constant denaturing gel to resolve different DNA molecules based on base pair composition. We tested 42 clinical specimens (30 blood specimens and 12 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues) for T-cell clonality by PCR/PAGE and PCR/TTGE. Concordant results were obtained in only 22 specimens (52%). Of the 20 discordant cases, 18 samples were positive by TTGE and negative by PAGE. For all of the discordant cases, the TTGE yielded results that correlated better with the clinical data than did the PAGE method. We conclude that PCR/TTGE is more accurate and easier to perform than current methods for detecting clonal populations of T cells.
SU‐EE‐A2‐05: A Planning System for Dynamic Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (2009)

Purpose: To develop a prototype planning system for dynamic Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Method and Materials: Dynamic Gamma Knife is a new concept for implementing Gamma Knife radiosurgery. It uses the spherical high dose volume created by the Gamma Knife unit is as a 3D “paintbrush”, and treatment planning becomes routing the “paintbrush” to “paint” a 3D tumor volume. We have recently finished developing an inverse planning system for dynamic Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Our planning system is a “turn‐key” solution, where the inverse planning problem is solved as a traveling salesman problem combined with constrained least square optimizations. Its input parameters include: (1) contoured anatomy and prescriptions, (2) desired delivery time, (3) APS (advanced patient positioning system) speed, and (4) amount of system memory available. The outputs include: (1) a control point sequence for the APS system together with shot configuration and beam‐on times at each control point, and (2) dose distributions and DVH plots for each structures. Results and Conclusion: We have tested simulated cases that included a spherical tumor, a C‐shaped tumor, and a C‐shaped tumor surrounding a spherical critical structure. The results of these tests showed that: (1) dynamic Gamma Knife radiosurgery is ideally suited for inverse planning, where high quality radiosurgery plans with tight isodose distributions and sharp DVH curves can be obtained in minutes of computation; (2) dynamic radiosurgery plans are more conformal and uniform than current plans and have significantly shorter delivery times; (3) dynamic Gamma Knife radiosurgery can maintain steep dose gradient (around 13% per mm) between the target volume and the surrounding critical structures; (4) with dynamic Gamma Knife radiosurgery, one can obtain a family of plans representing a tradeoff between the delivery time and the dose distributions, thus giving the clinician flexibility in choosing a plan based on the clinical situations.
Synthesis and Characterization of C8 Analogs of c-di-GMP (2011)

We have synthesized five analogs of c-di-GMP with different substituents at the guanine C8 position, to study their effects on the metal-dependent polymorphism we had previously demonstrated for the parent compound. Of these, only the K(+) salt of c-di-Br-GMP, 2, forms higher order complexes, predominantly two different syn octamolecular ones. Its Na(+) salt, as well as both the K(+) and Na(+) salts of c-di-thio-GMP, 3, c-di-methylthio-GMP, 4, c-di-phenyl-GMP, 5, and c-di-acetylphenyl-GMP, 6, all form primarily a syn bimolecular structure.
ESD protection for high-voltage CMOS technologies (2006)

Two types of ESD protection for high-voltage CMOS technologies are presented. Both solutions can be readily ported between different HV CMOS process options and applications with different supply voltages. One is a stack of low-voltage transistors offering both a scalable triggering and holding voltage. The second is an RC-triggered HV-MOSFET using a novel compact triggering stage.