gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsed operation of microhollow cathode discharges in atmospheric air (1999)

Summary form only given. Reducing the diameter of the cathode opening to values on the order of 100 micrometer allowed us to operate stable DC hollow cathode glow discharges in air at atmospheric pressure. Discharge currents of up to 30 mA with forward voltages around 400 V have been realized. In order to generate arrays of microhollow cathode discharges without resistive ballast, the current voltage characteristic of the discharge needs to have a positive slope. Results of modeling show the required increase of the forward voltage with current at high current values. However, overheating of the electrodes prevents DC operation of parallel discharges in atmospheric air in this current range. In order to extend the range of operation into the high current mode, the discharge has been operated pulsed with pulse duration from 1 to 100 microsecond. First experimental results confirm the modeling results. The electrical characteristic and the optical appearance of the discharge plasma in pulsed microhollow cathode discharges and its applications will be discussed.
Microring resonance stabilization using thermal dithering (2013)

We present the novel mechanism of thermal dithering for breaking the symmetry of a microring resonance, and experimentally show it can be utilized to thermally stabilize a silicon microring resonator experiencing fluctuations of 3 K.
Low-loss single polarisation fibres with asymmetrical strain birefringence (1981)

Low-loss and highly birefringent single polarisation fibres have been fabricated. The minimum transmission loss and the modal birefringence of the fibre with refractive-index difference Δ=0.61% was 0.62 dB/km at λ=1.52 μm and 8.5×10−5 at λ=1.15 μm, respectively. The state of linear polarisation was stable against the handling conditions such as bending, twists, concentrated force, and temperature variations.
Effects of Metoclopramide on Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected Fescue2,3 (1989)

The dopamine antagonist metoclopramide (MC) was administered to steers grazing on endophyte-infected fescue. Yearling Angus steers (n = 24) were assigned randomly to pasture treatments including high (74%) and low (33%) endophyte levels and low (134 kg N.ha-1.yr-1) and high (335 kg N.ha-1.yr-1) N fertilization rates. One steer of the pair in each paddock (n = 12) received MC, whereas the other received sucrose (S) (15 mg/kg body weight, orally, three times a week for 10 wk). Blood for basal and maximal TRH-stimulated serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations was obtained before animals grazed fescue, after grazing for 1 mo, and after 3, 6 and 9 wk of animal treatment. Grazing endophyte-infected fescue decreased (P less than .05) basal serum PRL concentrations (less than 1.0 vs 5.3 ng/ml, high vs low endophyte). Basal serum PRL increased after 3, 6 and 9 wk of MC treatment (58.1 vs 5.4, 46.0 vs 12.0 and 50.8 vs 16.9 ng/ml, MC vs sucrose, respectively). After 6 wk of animal treatments, MC increased (P less than .05) serum cholesterol (84.7 vs 60.8 mg/dl, MC vs S). Animals treated with MC spent more (P less than .05) time between 1200 and 1600 grazing (22.4% vs 6.2%, MC vs S respectively) and had faster ADG (.314 vs .150 kg/d, MC vs S). The results implicate dopaminergic processes in fescue toxicosis.
MOVPE homoepitaxial growth on vicinal GaN(0001) substrates (2005)

Abstract Homoepitaxial growth of GaN by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) was systematically evaluated using nominal c ‐plane and various vicinal GaN(0001) wafers: 1°, 2°, 4°, and 8° offcut in the directions of 〈10 $\bar 1$ 0〉 and 〈11 $\bar 2$ 0〉. It was found that a hillock morphology formed on the nominal c ‐plane substrate whereas smooth epi films were formed on vicinal substrates. Silicon‐doped films showed similarly improved surface morphology with offcut angle, however Mg‐doped films exhibited a rougher microstructure. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Glass Nanopore-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes (2007)

Glass nanopore-based all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been developed to probe the distribution of ionic species at micro- or submicrometer-length scales, e.g., mapping of ion flux through micrometer-sized pores. The all-solid-state ISE was fabricated by sealing a conically etched platinum wire (d = 25-microm; radius of etched tip <10 nm) into a soda lime glass capillary. A Pt disk was exposed by gentle polishing the glass and the disk etched to form a conical pore of submicrometer dimension (radius < approximately 500 nm; depth < approximately 30 microm). Ag was electroplated on the Pt electrode in the pore and gently chloridated to obtain a AgCl/Ag layer within the pore. The AgCl/Ag layer-coated ISE was used as a highly selective Cl- probe in scanning electrochemical microscope experiments to map the ion flux through a micropore. The same ISE was also used as the base transducer of the neutral carrier-doped solvent polymeric membrane. The optimized polymer membranes used for the glass nanopore-based all-solid-state ISE require a higher ratio of plasticizer/polymer (9/1) compared to those for conventional ISE (2/1). An ISE based on deposition of an IrO2 layer at the base of a glass nanopore electrode exhibited a highly sensitive response (79.7 +/- 2.3 mV/pH) to variations in pH and could be used for approximately 3 weeks.
Synthetic peptide analogs derived from bcr/abl fusion proteins and the induction of heteroclitic human T-cell responses. (2005)

In conclusion, analog CML fusion peptides with increased immunogenicity and heteroclitic properties can be synthesized and may be useful in vaccination strategies.
Known-Audio Detection using Waveprint: Spectrogram Fingerprinting by Wavelet Hashing (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel system for detecting known audio. We start with Waveprint, an audio identification system that, given a probe snippet, efficiently provides reliable forced-choice ranking of entries from an audio database. For open-set detection, we can re-examine the best-ranked matches from waveprint using simple temporal-ordering-based processing. The resulting system has excellent detection capabilities for small snippets of audio that have been degraded in a variety of manners, including competing noise, poor recording quality, and cell-phone playback. The system is more accurate than the previous state-of-the-art system while being more efficient and flexible in memory usage and computation.
Encapsulated Submillimeter Piezoresistive Accelerometers (2006)

While micromachined accelerometers are widely available and used in various applications, some biomedical applications require extremely small dimensions (<mm) or mass (<mg) that cannot be fulfilled with commercially available accelerometers. In this work, we present a fully packaged piezoresistive accelerometer that has the smallest dimension (0.034mm/sup 3/) ever published. We achieve miniaturization by using a film encapsulation technique with a thick epitaxial polysilicon layer. This packaging technique enables the dimensions of the die to be only tens of microns larger than the micromechanical structure. We have fabricated accelerometers as small as 0.034mm/sup 3/ (387/spl mu/m/spl times/387 /spl mu/m/spl times/230/spl mu/m) with noise floor of 0.25mg//spl radic/Hz. These ultra-miniature motion sensors have potential opening up new frontiers in biomedical science and engineering.
A Passive Technique to Identify Stone Comminution During Shock Wave Lithotripsy (2007)

The identification of comminution during shock wave lithotripsy can be difficult using fluoroscopy or other imaging modalities. However, correct interpretation is necessary to determine if a stone is breaking and to evaluate the endpoint of therapy. Reported here is a passive method to detect acoustic signals generated by shock wave (SW) impact on a model stone and to correlate the spectrum of the detected signals to stone size. Acoustic scatter from model stones in an electrohydraulic lithotripter was measured in water with a passive, focused receiver before and after the application of either 20 SWs or 50 SWs. The five stones used for each case were dehydrated after the experiment, separated with 3 mm, 2 mm, and 1 mm sequential sieves, and weighed to quantify comminution. The detection method was first successfully used to differentiate broken and unbroken stones. Then the system tracked the decreasing size of particles and clearly showed the presence of particles smaller than 2 mm, which was considered passable size. Thus, the detection system gives feedback on whether stones are breaking and when they may be considered fully comminuted.
Comparison of eye position versus computer identified microcalcification clusters on mammograms (1997)

The purpose of this study was to compare identifications of microcalcification clusters on mammograms by a computerized detection scheme and by human observers having their eye position recorded. Eighty digitized mammograms (half with a subtle microcalcification cluster) were analyzed by a computerized detection scheme and then were read from laser-printed films by six mammographers while eye position was recorded. The computer had 83% true positives with a false-positive rate of 0.5 per image. The true positives of the radiologists ranged from 78% to 90%, with false-positive rates ranging from 0.03 to 0.20. Locations of true and false positives identified by computer and by the human were compared. All but 5% of the true clusters were identified by either the computer, human, or by both. Here 10% of the clusters were detected by only the computer, and 11% were missed by the computer but detected by at least one radiologist. False positives were of three types: identified by computer only, by the human reader only, or by both. Eye-position data indicated significant differences in dwell time between both true-positive and false-positive locations reported by the radiologist versus the computer detections. A follow-up analysis indicated that microcalcification clusters and false positives were judged to have more identifiable characteristics of true calcifications and were associated with longer gaze durations than those with fewer microcalcification characteristics. In general, the computer was able to detect clusters judged to have few or no features that the radiologists were not able to detect. Comparison of computer versus human identification of microcalcification clusters may be useful for improving computerized detection schemes to serve as clinical aids to mammographers, and for understanding what image features lead to false-positive decisions for both the computer and the human reader.
Analytic optimization for holographic optical elements (1989)

A method is presented for designing optimal holographic optical elements. The method is based on an analytic ray-tracing procedure that uses the minimization of the mean-squared difference of the propagation vector components, between the actual output wave fronts and the desired output wave fronts. The minimization yields integral equations for the grating vector components that can be solved analytically, in some cases without any approximation. This leads to a well-behaved grating function that defines a holographic optical element.
Headspace analysis of volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1980)

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of headspace volatiles was performed on cultures of 11 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1 strain each of Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas putrefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas maltophilia. All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced a distinctive series of odd-carbon methyl ketones, particularly 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone, and 2-aminoacetophenone. The other strains failed to produce 2-aminoacetophenone. Two sulfur compounds, dimethyldisulfide and dimethyltrisulfide, were present in strains of P. aeruginosa and in variable amounts in other species. Butanol, 2-butanone, 1-undecene, and isopentanol were also detected in P. aeruginosa cultures.
Comparison of Pulsed Electrochemical Detection Modes Coupled with Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis (2004)

Abstract There is a need to develop analytical methods that are capable of rapidly measuring small biological markers in the field of metabolomics. Among others, carbohydrates play an important role biologically yet are traditionally hard to detect since they have no chromophore or fluorophore. In the present report, the first application of integrated pulsed amperometric detection (iPAD) coupled with microchip electrophoresis to the analysis of glucose, mannose, sucrose, maltose, glucosamine, lactose, maltotriose and galactose is demonstrated. iPAD is an electrochemical detection mode that can be used for direct detection of carbohydrates, amines and sulfur containing compounds. The effect of different solution parameters, including the buffer concentration, pH and the concentration of SDS on both separation and detection response was analyzed. In addition, a comparison study between PAD and iPAD was performed using glucose, glucosamine, sucrose and maltose as model carbohydrates.
Continuous Time Bayesian Networks for Inferring Users' Presence and Activities with Extensions for Modeling and Evaluation (2003)

Continuous time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) represent structured stochastic processes that evolve over continuous time. The methodology is based on earlier work on homogenous Markov processes, extended to capture dependencies among variables representing continuous time processes. We have worked to apply CTBNs to the challenge of reasoning about users’ presence and availability over time. As part of this research, we extended the methodology of CTBNs to allow a large class of phase distributions to be used in place of the exponential distribution that had previously been used. We also formulate and examine the use of classes of cost functions for evaluating the performance of CTBN models in the real world. The cost functions represent the loss associated with inaccuracies in the predicted time and states of transitions of processes.
K+ channel types targeted by synthetic OSK1, a toxin from<i>Orthochirus scrobiculosus</i>scorpion venom (2004)

OSK1 (alpha-KTx3.7) is a 38-residue toxin cross-linked by three disulphide bridges that was initially isolated from the venom of the Asian scorpion Orthochirus scrobiculosus. OSK1 and several structural analogues were produced by solid-phase chemical synthesis, and were tested for lethality in mice and for their efficacy in blocking a series of 14 voltage-gated and Ca2+-activated K+ channels in vitro. In the present paper, we report that OSK1 is lethal in mice by intracerebroventricular injection, with a LD50 (50% lethal dose) value of 2 microg/kg. OSK1 blocks K(v)1.1, K(v)1.2, K(v)1.3 channels potently and K(Ca)3.1 channel moderately, with IC50 values of 0.6, 5.4, 0.014 and 225 nM respectively. Structural analogues of OSK1, in which we mutated positions 16 (Glu16-->Lys) and/or 20 (Lys20-->Asp) to amino acid residues that are conserved in all other members of the alpha-KTx3 toxin family except OSK1, were also produced and tested. Among the OSK1 analogues, [K16,D20]-OSK1 (OSK1 with Glu16-->Lys and Lys20-->Asp mutations) shows an increased potency on K(v)1.3 channel, with an IC50 value of 0.003 nM, without loss of activity on K(Ca)3.1 channel. These data suggest that OSK1 or [K16,D20]-OSK1 could serve as leads for the design and production of new immunosuppressive drugs.
Aggressive crunching of extracted RC netlists (2002)

This paper presents a short-and-update technique for resistors (possibly connected to sinks) that can further crunch the RC network effectively after eliminating internal nodes [1,14]. Our method produces a realizable RC circuit and preserves the total capacitance in the network. While our technique cannot guarantee preserving the Elmore delay at each network sink node, the maximum delay error can be controlled by the user. Our method provides a smooth tradeoff between run time and delay accuracy, ranging from full retention of all resistors to complete elimination.
Optimization of physical factors affecting the production of thermo-stable organic solvent-tolerant protease from a newly isolated halo tolerant Bacillus subtilis strain Rand (2009)

Strain Rand has been found to be able to secrete extra-cellular thermostable organic solvent-tolerant protease into the culture medium. The protease exhibited a remarkable stability towards temperature and organic solvent. This unique property makes it attractive and useful to be used in industrial applications.
Update on the urotensinergic system: new trends in receptor localization, activation, and drug design (2013)

The urotensinergic system plays central roles in the physiological regulation of major mammalian organ systems, including the cardiovascular system. As a matter of fact, this system has been linked to numerous pathophysiological states including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes as well as psychological, and neurological disorders. The delineation of the (patho)physiological roles of the urotensinergic system has been hampered by the absence of potent and selective antagonists for the urotensin II-receptor (UT). Thus, a more precise definition of the molecular functioning of the urotensinergic system, in normal conditions as well as in a pathological state is still critically needed. The recent discovery of nuclear UT within cardiomyocytes has highlighted the cellular complexity of this system and suggested that UT-associated biological responses are not only initiated at the cell surface but may result from the integration of extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, such nuclear-localized receptors, regulating distinct signaling pathways, may represent new therapeutic targets. With the recent observation that urotensin II (UII) and urotensin II-related peptide (URP) exert different biological effects and the postulate that they could also have distinct pathophysiological roles in hypertension, it appears crucial to reassess the recognition process involving UII and URP with UT, and to push forward the development of new analogs of the UT system aimed at discriminating UII- and URP-mediated biological activities. The recent development of such compounds, i.e. urocontrin A and rUII(1-7), is certainly useful to decipher the specific roles of UII and URP in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, these studies, which provide important information regarding the pharmacology of the urotensinergic system and the conformational requirements for binding and activation, will ultimately lead to the development of potent and selective drugs.
Production of ethanol from L-arabinose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing a fungal L-arabinose pathway. (2003)

The fungal pathway for L-arabinose catabolism converts L-arabinose to D-xylulose 5-phosphate in five steps. The intermediates are, in this order: L-arabinitol, L-xylulose, xylitol and D-xylulose. Only some of the genes for the corresponding enzymes were known. We have recently identified the two missing genes for L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase and L-xylulose reductase and shown that overexpression of all the genes of the pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables growth on L-arabinose. Under anaerobic conditions ethanol is produced from L-arabinose, but at a very low rate. The reasons for the low rate of L-arabinose fermentation are discussed.
Non-intrusive transaction monitoring using system logs (2008)

We consider the problem of online monitoring of transaction instances in enterprise environments, based on footprints left by the instances in system logs and using a state-based reference model of the transaction. Unlike existing approaches, we do not rely on any platform-specific knowledge, neither do we assume footprints to carry correlating identifiers, as injected through instrumentation. We outline a solution for tracking transaction instances at individual and aggregate levels, present preliminary results on theoretical analysis of monitoring precision and conclude with directions of ongoing and future research.
Integrated, Chip-Scale RF Beamformer for an Optically-Fed Transmit Phased Array Antenna (2019)

This paper presents the design, layout, and characterization of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) of an RF-beamformer for an optically-fed transmit phased array antenna. The PIC was made through the AIM Photonics Institute and has a response from 0–45 GHz. The design encompasses a coherent beamformer that utilizes a dual-path feed network to impose an analog phased difference between two correlated, but off-set optical beams. By imposing a relative phase delay between the two beams, a phase on the RF signal is realized upon down-conversion on a monolithically integrated Germanium photodetector. Subsequently, the photodetector outputs can be fed directly to the radiating elements of the phased array antenna. Demonstration of the beamforming network will be presented.
Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Conformation of Cyclic Growth Hormone Releasing Factor Analogs (1991)

Growth hormone-releasing factor, GRF(1-44)-NH2, has been shown to stimulate growth hormone release in vitro and in vivo in humans and a variety of animal species. Preliminary clinical studies have shown that GRF(1-44)-NH2 can be used for the treatment of growth hormone deficient. children. Structure-activity studies have shown that the shortened analog, GRF (1-29)-NH2, retains the full intrinsic activity with only slightly reduced potency. Replacement analogs of GRF(1-29)-NH2 have resulted in peptides with increased potency which are being used for performance enhancement applications in domestic livestock (pigs and lactating cows). Conformational analysis (molecular dynamics calculations based on NOE-derived distance constraints) has been carried out to correlate bioactivity with conformation. These studies have led to the design and synthesis of i-(i+4) cyclic analogs of GRF(1-29)-NH2. A solid phase method for the synthesis of the cyclic peptides was developed using an orthogonal protection scheme. This included conventional Nα-Boc-benzyl protection and the incorporation of side-chain 9-fluorenylmethyl (-OFm) ester protection of Asp8 and Nε-Fmoc protection of Lys12. Following specific deprotection of Asp(OFm)8 and Lys(Fmoc)12 using piperidine, solid phase side chain to side chain lactamization was carried out most efficiently with the BOP reagent. The high biological activity of the resultant cyclo8,12[Asp8,Ala15]-GRF(1-29)-NH2 system may be explained on the basis of retention of a preferred bioactive conformation which includes substantial α-helicity in H2O between residues 7-17 and 21-15. The α-helical conformation of these cyclo8,12 peptides was only minimally disrupted with either stereoisomeric or isosteric replacements and the corresponding peptides retained substantial biological activity. The cyclic peptides were also more stable to dipeptidylpeptidase degradation than the linear analogs.
Polyimides from diisocyanates, dianhydrides, and their dialkyl esters (1978)

Abstract High molecular weight polyimide polymers have been prepared by the reaction of dissocyanates and a mixture of dianhydrides and their dialkyl esters in aprotic solvents. No catalyst is necessary, but high polymer formation is affected by the anhydride/ester ratio and temperature. Dianhydrides such as PMDA, BTDA, TMA, and their esters have been used successfully. Mixtures of these materials have also been used. Tough, flexible films can be obtained from these polymers.