gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semiconstrained Total Elbow Arthroplasty (1976)

Diminution of elbow function may be both embarrassing and severely disabling, especially in patients with multiple arthritic joints. Over the past century, multiple techniques of soft tissue reconstruction of the elbow have been advocated. In general, they do not compare well with total elbow arthroplasty. Arthrolysis has often resulted in little improvement of elbow motion and interposition arthroplasty to instability. Synovectomy may however offer satisfactory relief of disability for the rheumatoid elbow provided that initially there is little evidence of joint destruction. The major problem with rigidly linked total elbow arthroplasty has been a high incidence of prosthetic loosening. Biomechanical analysis has shown that high moments tend to disrupt the osseousmethacrylate junction in the humoral medulary canal. Development of a semi-constrained total elbow prosthesis transfers the developed stress to the collateral soft tissues and reduces prosthetic loosening to approximately 3 per cent. This is about one-tenth of the incidence of loosening of the hinge type arthroplasty. This reduction in prosthetic loosening has been coupled with excellent gains in flexion and estension. However, improvement in forearm rotation has not been predictable, especially in elbows exhibiting preoperative fusion or fibrous ankylosis. Though the semi-counstrained total elbow has only been generally available for 3 years, a review of these results justifies its continued use for elbow reconstruction.
Real-time visualization of virtual geographic environment using the view-dependent simplification method (2008)

A real-time virtual geographic environment (VGE) can serve as interactive, intuitive visualization tools for exploring, analyzing, synthesizing, and simulating multi dimension geo-data and complex geo-phenomena. The VGE scene can be constructed by terrain models, building models, and natural gaseous phenomena models. This paper used a viewdependent simplification method to improve the rendering efficiency of the VGE scene. The continuous level of detail technique(C-LOD) algorithm was adopted to achieve high frame rates by generating an approximate view-dependent triangulation of large terrain scene. Meanwhile image-based rendering techniques such as the imposter billboard were used to speed up the visualization of 3D object models (e.g., 3D building, 3D trees, smoke, cloud and so on). Using the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China as a case area, the visualization environment was built to support real-time rendering of larger-scale geo-scene. Experiment results prove that the scheme addressed in the paper can improve the overall efficiency.
Electrotransformation and Expression of Bacterial Genes Encoding Hygromycin Phosphotransferase and β-Galactosidase in the Pathogenic Fungus <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> (1998)

We developed an efficient electrotransformation system for the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum and used it to examine the effects of features of the transforming DNA on transformation efficiency and fate of the transforming DNA and to demonstrate fungal expression of two recombinant Escherichia coli genes, hph and lacZ. Linearized DNA and plasmids containing Histoplasma telomeric sequences showed the greatest transformation efficiencies, while the plasmid vector had no significant effect, nor did the derivation of the selectable URA5 marker (native Histoplasma gene or a heterologous Podospora anserina gene). Electrotransformation resulted in more frequent multimerization, other modification, or possibly chromosomal integration of transforming telomeric plasmids when saturating amounts of DNA were used, but this effect was not observed with smaller amounts of transforming DNA. We developed another selection system using a hygromycin B resistance marker from plasmid pAN7-1, consisting of the E. coli hph gene flanked by Aspergillus nidulans promoter and terminator sequences. Much of the heterologous fungal sequences could be removed without compromising function in H. capsulatum, allowing construction of a substantially smaller effective marker fragment. Transformation efficiency increased when nonselective conditions were maintained for a time after electrotransformation before selection with the protein synthesis inhibitor hygromycin B was imposed. Finally, we constructed a readily detectable and quantifiable reporter gene by fusing Histoplasma URA5 with E. coli lacZ, resulting in expression of functional beta-galactosidase in H. capsulatum. Demonstration of expression of bacterial genes as effective selectable markers and reporters, together with a highly efficient electrotransformation system, provide valuable approaches for molecular genetic analysis and manipulation of H. capsulatum, which have proven useful for examination of targeted gene disruption, regulated gene expression, and potential virulence determinants in this fungus.
Strategies for domestic energy conservation in Carinthia and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (2013)

Households account for a significant fraction of overall energy consumption. Energy usage can be reduced by improving the efficiency of devices and optimizing their use as well as by encouraging people to change their behaviour towards a more sustainable lifestyle. In this study, we investigate patterns of domestic energy use in Carinthia (Austria) and Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). In particular, we report the results of an online survey about electrical devices and their use in households. We outline typical scenarios in the two regions and discuss possible strategies to reduce the consumption of energy in these regions.
Hidden Markov Model Analysis of Force/Torque Information in Telemanipulation (1991)

A new model is developed for prediction and analysis of sensor information recorded during robotic performance of tasks by telemanipulation. The model uses the Hidden Markov Model (stochastic functions of Markov nets; HMM) to describe the task structure, the operator or intelligent controller's goal structure, and the sensor sig nals such as forces and torques arising from interaction with the environment. The Markov process portion encodes the task sequence/subgoal structure, and the observation densities associated with each subgoal state encode the expected sensor signals associated with carry ing out that subgoal. Methodology is described for con struction of the model parameters based on engineering knowledge of the task. The Viterbi algorithm is used for model based analysis of force signals measured during experimental teleoperation and achieves excellent segmen tation of the data into subgoal phases. The Baum-Welch algorithm is used to identify the most likely HMM from a given experiment. The HMM achieves a structured, knowledge-based model with explicit uncertainties and mature, optimal identification algorithms.
Object-oriented and frame-based programming in CommonORBIT (2006)

Objects are representations of entities in a domain which is modeled in a computer. Each object encapsulates the knowledge relevant to one abstract concept or physical object in the real world. This knowledge may consist of data but also of procedures which are applicable to the object. Using the metaphor of a society of communicating entities, these procedures are activated by sending messages to objects. In an applicative view of object-oriented programming, however, procedures are called as generic functions rather than by sending messages. Object-oriented languages allow knowledge to be shared between several objects by a mechanism called inheritance. The object-oriented language which is discussed below is CommonORBIT, an extension to Common LISP. It is an easy but powerful language, which offers a representation based on structured objects but is also inspired by frame-based systems.
Prediction of clinical behaviour and treatment for cancers. (2003)

Prediction of clinical behaviour and treatment for cancers is based on the integration of clinical and pathological parameters. Recent reports have demonstrated that gene expression profiling provides a powerful new approach for determining disease outcome. If clinical and microarray data each contain independent information then it should be possible to combine these datasets to gain more accurate prognostic information. Here, we have used existing clinical information and microarray data to generate a combined prognostic model for outcome prediction for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A prediction accuracy of 87.5% was achieved. This constitutes a significant improvement compared to the previously most accurate prognostic model with an accuracy of 77.6%. The model introduced here may be generally applicable to the combination of various types of molecular and clinical data for improving medical decision support systems and individualising patient care.
Drug-Induced Pancreatitis (2005)

Among adverse drug reactions, pancreatitis is often-ignored because of the difficulty in implicating a drug as its cause. The physician should have a high index of suspicion for DIP, especially in specific subpopulations such as geriatric patients who may be on multiple medications, HIV+ patients, cancer patients, and patients receiving immunomodulating agents.
A Perspective on the Role of Minerals in Prebiotic Synthesis (2004)

The possible role of minerals in prebiotic chemistry is discussed. Reactions involving the transformation of inorganic forms of the biogenic elements into simple organic molecules are emphasized. Three central issues are presented in detail: i) the types of reactions minerals could possibly have promoted; ii) the availability of minerals with catalytic potential on early Earth; and iii) the available research strategy and methods to evaluate the roles minerals may have played in prebiotic chemistry on early Earth.
Prediction of indoor wireless coverage by leaky coaxial cable using ray tracing (1999)

A coaxial cable having a slotted or perforated outer conductor can be used as a base-station antenna for indoor wireless systems. This paper explores the use of ray tracing software to predict the radio coverage that can be achieved by a leaky coax in a building with a given wall geometry. For either coupled-mode or radiating-mode cable, a heuristic model that represents the cable as a sequence of finite segments, each of which radiates diffusely with a radiation pattern given by Lambert's cosine law, is found to work well. However, the coupling-loss parameter, which defines the effective power radiated by each element, appears to depend significantly on whether the cable is laid in a rich scattering environment or a barren one.
An SNP-based saturated genetic map and QTL analysis of fruit-related traits in cucumber using specific-length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing (2014)

We report herein the development of evenly dispersed SNPs across cucumber genome, and for the first time an SNP-based saturated linkage map. This 1,800-locus map would likely facilitate genetic mapping of complex QTL loci controlling fruit yield, and the orientation of draft genome scaffolds.
Tumor location determines tissue-specific recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and antibody-dependent immunotherapy response (2017)

Despite recent advances in activating immune cells to target tumors, the presence of some immune cells, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), may promote rather than inhibit tumor growth. However, it remains unclear how antibody-dependent tumor immunotherapies, such as cytotoxic or checkpoint control antibodies, affect different TAM or TAN populations, which abundantly express activating Fcγ receptors. In this study, we show that the tissue environment determines which cellular effector pathways are responsible for antibody-dependent tumor immunotherapy. Although TAMs derived from Ly6C<sup>high</sup> monocytes recruited by the CCL2-CCR2 axis were critical for tumor immunotherapy of skin tumors, the destruction of lung tumors was CCL2-independent and required the presence of colony-stimulating factor 2-dependent tissue-resident macrophages. Our findings suggest that TAMs may have a dual role not only in promoting tumor growth in certain tissue environments on the one hand but also in contributing to tumor cell destruction during antibody-mediated immunotherapy on the other hand.
Fast module mapping and placement for datapaths in FPGAs (1998)

By tailoring a compiler tree-parsing tool for datapath module mapping, we produce good quality results for datapath synthesis in very fast run time. Rather than flattening the design to gates, we preserve the datapath structure; this allows exploitation of specialized datapath features in FPGAs, retains regularity, and also results in a smaller problem size. To further achive high mapping speed, we formulate the problem as tree covering and solve it efficiently with a linear-time dynamic programming algorithm. In a novel extension to the tree-covering algorithm, we perform module placement simultaneously with the mapping, still in linear time. Integrating placement has the potential to increase the quality of the result since we can optimize total delay including routing delays.
The Role of Risk Tolerance in Publics’ Health Risk Perception and Responses (2019)

To better understand how uncertainty influences publics’ risk perception and responses, this study introduced risk tolerance as a new concept to public relations literature and then investigated how publics react to health risks with different temporal distances: climate change and foodborne illness. Through an online survey, this study found out that uncertainty, induced by risk temporal distance, leads to varied risk tolerance, which subsequently influences where and how people seek and share risk information.
Nasal irrigations: good or bad? (2004)

Nasal irrigations should no longer be considered merely adjunctive measures in managing sinonasal conditions. They are effective and underutilized. Some of the persisting unanswered questions will only be answered by further research.
PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN KENCUR DI PASAR ANOM SUMENEP (2023)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis (1) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan dan penawaran kencur lokal di Pasar Anom Sumenep (2) tingkat elastisitas permintaan dan penawaran kencur lokal di Pasar Anom Sumenep. Pengambilan sampel pada permintaan menggunakan teknik Accident Sampling dan pada penawaran pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda dan menggunakan perhitungan elastisitas permintaan dan penawaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh nyata secara parsial terhadap permintaan kencur lokal adalah harga beli kencur lokal, harga beli kencur jawa, pendapatan dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga, sedangkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh nyata secara parsial terhadap penawaran kencur lokal adalah harga kencur lokal dan modal (2) Permintaan kencur lokal bersifat elastis, sedangkan penawaran kencur lokal bersifat inelastis.
Provenance in Context of Hadoop as a Service (HaaS) - State of the Art and Research Directions (2017)

Hadoop as a service (HaaS), also known as Hadoop in the cloud, is a big data analytics framework that stores and analyzes data in the cloud using Hadoop/Spark. In this paper, we discuss the importance of providing provenance capabilities in context of Hadoop as a service (HaaS) framework. We first review the state of the art in provenance tracking in context of databases and work-flow processing, in context of cloud and in context of big data analytics frameworks like Hadoop and Spark. We next identify a number of provenance capabilities which have been developed in context of databases and workflow processing but the corresponding solutions have not been developed in context of Hadoop or Spark. We argue that developing these solutions is important so that a comprehensive provenance aware Hadoop as a Service (HaaS) can be provided on cloud. The paper ends by identifying some research challenges in developing these provenance capabilities.
Relationship between the Spray Droplet Density of Two Protectant Fungicides and the Germination of<i>Mycosphaerella fijiensis</i>Ascospores on Banana Leaf Surfaces (1997)

The effect of fungicide spray droplet density (droplet cm-2), droplet size, and proximity of the spray droplet deposit to fungal spores was investigated with Mycosphaerella fijiensis ascospores on the banana (Musa AAA) leaf surface for two contact fungicides: chlorothalonil and mancozeb. When droplet size was maintained at a volume median diameter (VMD) of 250 μm while total spray volume per hectare changed, M. fijiensis ascospore germination on the leaf surface fell below 1% for both fungicides at a droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2. At a droplet deposit density of 50 droplet cm-2, no ascospores germinated in either fungicide treatment. When both droplet size and droplet cm-2 varied while spray volume was fixed at 20 litre ha-1, ascospore germination reached 0% at 10 droplet cm-2 (VMD=602 μm) for both fungicides. At lower droplet densities (2–5 droplet cm-2 VMD=989 μm and 804 μm respectively), ascospore germination on the mancozeb-treated leaves was significantly lower than on the chlorothalonil-treated leaves. The zone of inhibition surrounding a fungicide droplet deposit (VMD=250 μm) on the leaf surface was estimated to extend 1·02 mm beyond the visible edge of the spray droplet deposit for chlorothalonil and 1·29 mm for mancozeb. The efficacy of fungicide spray droplet deposit densities which are lower than currently recommended for low-volume, aerial applications of protectant fungicides was confirmed in an analysis of leaf samples recovered after commercial applications in a banana plantation. Calibrating agricultural spray aircraft to deliver fungicide spray droplets with a mean droplet deposit density of 30 droplet cm-2 and a VMD between 300 and 400 μm will probably reduce spray drift, increase deposition efficiency on crop foliage, and enhance disease control compared to aircraft calibrated to spray finer droplets. © 1997 SCI.
Three‐dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction using a C‐arm mounted XRII: Correction of image intensifier distortion (1997)

X-ray image intensifiers (XRIIs) have many applications in diagnostic imaging including acquisition of near-real-time projection images of the intracranial and coronary vasculature. Recently, there has been some interest in using this projection data to generate three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions. The XRII and x-ray tube are rotated around the object, acquiring sufficient data for the simultaneous reconstruction of many transverse slices. Three-dimensional reconstructions are compromised, however, if the projection data is geometrically distorted in any way. Previous studies have shown the distortion in XRIIs to be substantial and to be highly angular dependent. In this paper, we present a global correction technique which provides a table of correction coefficients for an image acquired at any arbitrary angle about the patient. The coefficients are generated using a linear least-squares fit between the detected and known locations of a grid of small steel beads which is attached to the XRII (27 cm nominal diameter). We have performed corrections on 100 images obtained during rotation of the gantry through 200 degrees and find that a fifth-order polynomial provides optimum image distortion reduction (mean residual distortion of 0.07 pixels), however, fourth-order polynomials provide sufficient distortion reduction for our application (mean residual displacement of 0.1 pixels). Using sixth-order polynomials does not provide a statistically significant reduction in image distortion. The spatial distribution of residual distortion did not demonstrate any particular pattern over the face of the XRII. Image angle and coefficient angle must be known to within +/- 2 degrees in order to keep the mean residual distortion be approximately 0.5 pixels.
Studies on the Histogenesis of Myxomatous Tissue of Human Coronary Lesions (1999)

Myxomatous tissue is a characteristic component of human coronary artery lesions, found more often in restenotic lesions. It represents a bulky accumulation of stellate-shaped cells of unknown histogenesis that are embedded in a loose stroma. We analyzed 64 atherectomy specimens containing substantial amounts of myxomatous tissue by using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy techniques. Stellate cells represented a heterogeneous population, sharing features of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), macrophages, as well as antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Like quiescent medial SMCs, the stellate cells in all specimens expressed high levels of SM alpha-actin message and protein and showed heterogeneity with respect to heavy-chain myosin, SM22, desmin, and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, stellate cells resembled SMCs, with some peculiarities that distinguish them from both differentiated and dedifferentiated SMCs. In contrast to quiescent SMCs, the stellate cells expressed high levels of acidic fibroblast growth factor mRNA and protein similar to cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. However, stellate cells did not express the marker of mature macrophages, HAM56, and were heterogeneous with respect to CD68. Moreover, unlike SMCs, the stellate cells bore some of the major phenotypic markers of dendritic cells: they were S100-positive and showed various reactivity with respect to CD1a and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR. Invasion of myxomatous tissue with CD45RO-positive T lymphocytes was correlated with strong expression of CD1a in these specimens. Stellate cells also expressed a pericyte marker, high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen. We conclude that stellate cells of myxomatous tissue represent a specific phenotype of mesenchymal cells (possibly pericytes), which is activated to express some markers of antigen-presenting cells. These findings suggest involvement of the stellate cells in a local immune response.
The impact of fin number on device's performance and reliability in tri-gate FinFETs (2017)

In this paper, the impact of fin number on device performance and hot carrier induced device degradation was investigated for n-channel tri-gate multi-fin FinFET with different fin numbers. The threshold voltage (VTH) shift, transconductance, and subthreshold swing degradation were extracted to determine the degradation of device. It was found that the device with fewer fins shows better device performance, but suffer from more serious hot carrier induced device degradation. It is suggested that the existed coupling effect between the fins reduces the equivalent electric field in the multi-fins devices, thus shows better reliability than the single-fin device does after hot carrier stress.
Influenza A Virus Does Not Encode a Tetherin Antagonist with Vpu-Like Activity and Induces IFN-Dependent Tetherin Expression in Infected Cells (2012)

The interferon-induced host cell factor tetherin inhibits release of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from the plasma membrane of infected cells and is counteracted by the HIV-1 protein Vpu. Influenza A virus (FLUAV) also buds from the plasma membrane and is not inhibited by tetherin. Here, we investigated if FLUAV encodes a functional equivalent of Vpu for tetherin antagonism. We found that expression of the FLUAV protein NS1, which antagonizes the interferon (IFN) response, did not block the tetherin-mediated restriction of HIV release, which was rescued by Vpu. Similarly, tetherin-mediated inhibition of HIV release was not rescued by FLUAV infection. In contrast, FLUAV infection induced tetherin expression on target cells in an IFN-dependent manner. These results suggest that FLUAV escapes the antiviral effects of tetherin without encoding a tetherin antagonist with Vpu-like activity.