gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a double phase conjugate mirror in a fiber optic gyroscope (2001)

We present the insertion of a Double Phase Conjugate Mirror (DPCM) in a Fiber-Optic Gyroscope (FOG). This double phase conjugate mirror is inserted in the middle of the fiber coil and allows the replacement of the high cost polarization maintaining singlemode fibers, by normal single or multimode fibers. The distortion introduced by these fibers are compensated by the phase conjugation. The DPCM reconstructs the wavefront and allows a maximum coupling in the single mode coupler of the FOG, without losing the Sagnac phase shift. We present results concerning the reciprocity and the performances of the DPCM and a first demonstration of the insertion of the DPCM in the FOG.
A biologically inspired silicon differential microphone with active Q control and optical sensing (2013)

A MEMS differential microphone is described in which the diaphragm design is inspired by the mechanics of directional hearing in the fly O. ochracea. The 1 mm by 3 mm diaphragm is designed to rotate about a central pivot in response to sound pressure gradients. The diaphragm is designed to have its dominant resonance mode within the audible frequency range and to have as little viscous damping as possible (to minimize the effects of thermal noise). The motion of the diaphragm is detected using an optical sensing scheme that includes a semiconductor laser (VCSEL), photodetectors, a mirror, and a diffraction grating. To minimize the adverse effects of the light damping on the response, an active feedback system is implemented to achieve active Q control. This uses the output of the optical detection scheme to drive the diaphragm through a capacitive actuator. The microphone and optoelectronics are packaged into an assembly that can be incorporated into a mock behind-the-ear hearing aid. The microphone is shown to achieve a noise floor that is approximately 17 dBA lower than what can be achieved using a pair of existing low noise hearing aid microphones to create a directional hearing aid.
Evaluation of the activity of a chemo-ablative, thermoresponsive hydrogel in a murine xenograft model of lung cancer (2020)

Presented is a poloxamer-based thermoresponsive hydrogel, suitable for intratumoural administration and retention, which has demonstrated preliminary evidence of local tumour control, with minimal off-site toxicity.
An Integrated System for Moving Object Classification in Surveillance Videos (2008)

Moving object classification in far-field video is a key component of smart surveillance systems. In this paper, we propose a reliable system for person-vehicle classification which works well in challenging real-word conditions, including the presence of shadows, low resolution imagery, perspective distortions, arbitrary camera viewpoints, and groups of people. Our system runsin real-time (30 Hz) on conventional machines and has low memory consumption. We achieved accurate results by relying on powerful discriminative features, including a novel measure of object deformation based on differences of histograms of oriented gradients. We also provide an interactive user interface, enabling users to specify regions of interest for each class and correct for perspective distortions by specifying different sizes indifferent positions of the camera view. Finally, we use anautomatic adaptation process to continuously update the parameters of the system so that its performance increases for a particular environment. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our system in standard dataset and a variety of video clips captured with our surveillance cameras.
Catalytically active nanocomposites of electronically coupled carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles formed via vacuum filtration (2009)

Vacuum filtration is employed to fabricate nanocomposite films of single-walled carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles. Characterization by means of x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, and cyclic voltammetry reveals a well-dispersed morphology and strong electronic coupling between the carbon nanotubes and the platinum nanoparticles. These nanocomposite films are catalytically active and undergo electrical conductivity modulation in the presence of hydrogen, which suggests their utility in a variety of applications including ones in fuel cells, catalysts, and sensors.
Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology of Liposomal Vincristine (2000)

Vincristine is one of the most commonly administered anticancer drugs and is active in a wide range of indications including non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, acute lymphocytic leukemias and lung cancer. Administration of vincristine in long-circulating liposomes may be expected to result in increased accumulation of drug at tumor sites due to “passive targeting” or “disease-site targeting” effects arising from the more permeable vasculature in these regions. Further, for liposomes with appropriate drug release characteristics, extended exposure of tumor cells to vincristine would result from liposomal delivery. The combination of increased drug delivery and extended duration of drug exposure may be expected to result in increased efficacy, particularly because vincristine is a cell-cycle specific drug. It is shown that vincristine can be encapsulated in large unilamellar vesicles (diameter β 100 nm) using a pH gradient (interior acidic) approach. Further, the efficacy of liposomal formulations of vincristine in animal models is highly sensitive to the drug release rate in vivo. A liposomal formulation with drug retention characteristics such that more than 50% of the vincristine is retained in the carrier 24 h following i.v. injection exhibits significantly improved antitumor efficacy in A431 xenograft and P388 murine tumor models in comparison to either free drug or leakier liposomal formulations. The clinical activity of liposomal vincristine has been investigated in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients at a dose level of 2 mg/m2 every two weeks. Of 83 registered patients, there were 24 responses in 68 evaluable patients. The responses according to histology are: Indolent-13%; Transformed-42%; Aggressive-45%. There were no serious cases of myelosuppression or any toxic deaths. It is concluded that liposomal vincristine can be given at high doses, is active and well tolerated and is rarely neurotoxic or myelosuppressive in these heavily pretreated patients. It appears that the benefits of low toxicity and enhanced efficacy noted in the tumor models are also observed in the clinical setting. A multicenter pivotal Phase II trial of liposomal vincristine in relapsed and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been approved by the US FDA and is ongoing.
A novel high-density power energy harvesting methodology for transmission line online monitoring devices (2016)

This paper presents a novel energy-harvesting model which takes the primary current, secondary turns, dimension, the magnitude of magnetic flux density B, and the core loss resistance into consideration systematically. The relationship among the potential maximum output power, the dimension of energy harvesting coil (EHC), the load type of EHC, and the secondary turns is predicted by theoretical analysis and further verified by experiments. A high power density harvester is also developed and tested. It is shown that the power density of this novel harvester is 0.7 mW/g at 10 A, which is more than 2 times powerful than the traditional ones. Hence, it could lighten the half weight of the harvester at the same conditions.
Identification of Multiple Invalid Pairing-based Signatures in Constrained Batches. (2010)

This paper describes a new method in pairing-based signature schemes for identifying the invalid digital signatures in a batch after batch verification has failed. The method more efficiently identifies non-trivial numbers, w, of invalid signatures in constrained sized, N , batches than previously published methods, and does not require that the verifier possess detailed knowledge of w. Our method uses “divide-and-conquer” search to identify the invalid signatures within a batch, pruning the search tree to reduce the number of pairing computations required. The method prunes the search tree more rapidly than previously published techniques and thereby provides performance gains for batch sizes of interest. We are motivated by wireless systems where the verifier seeks to conserve computations or a related resource, such as energy, by using large batches. However, the batch size is constrained by how long the verifier can delay batch verification while accumulating signatures to verify. We compare the expected performance of our method (for a number of different signature schemes at varying security levels) for varying batch sizes and numbers of invalid signatures against earlier methods. We find that our new method provides the best performance for constrained batches, whenever the number of invalid signatures is less than half the batch size. We include recently published methods based on techniques from the group-testing literature in our analysis. Our new method consistently outperforms these group-testing based methods, and substantially reduces the cost (> 50%) when w ≤ N/4.
Experimental Verification of a MEMS Based Skin Friction Sensor for Quantitative Wall Shear Stress Measurement (2011)

This paper presents the preliminary wind tunnel characterization of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based capacitive floating element shear stress sensor. The floating element structure incorporates interdigitated comb fingers forming differential capacitors, which provide electrical output proportional to the floating element deflection. A compact sensor package combined with a synchronous modulation/demodulation system facilitates mounting in a flat plate model located in an open-loop low-speed wind tunnel. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the boundary layer velocity profiles for laminar, transitional and turbulent flows. The mean wall shear stress estimated from profile curve fits is in agreement with MEMS sensor output.
Midwave infrared imager with plastic laminated diffractive/aspheric surfaces (2001)

A midwave infrared (IR) imager with silicon lenses and a laminated plastic surface has been made. It has a focal length of 50 mm and f/# of 2.6. Typically this type of lens system would be made out of silicon, germanium, or some other materials transparent in the midwave infrared regime. The design of the lens system would include aspheric and/or diffractive surfaces that require the use of a single point diamond turning machine to make it. In this system aspheric/diffractive silicon lenses have been replaced with a flat piece of silicon coated with a thin layer of plastic that has an aspheric/diffractive surface.
Tunable, full-color nanowire light emitting diode arrays monolithically integrated on Si and sapphire (2016)

The monolithic integration of red, green and blue (RGB) GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) directly on a single chip is critically important for smart lighting and full color display applications. In this work, RGB InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire LED arrays were laterally arranged on a Si wafer using a three-step SiO<sub>x</sub>-mask selective area growth (SAG) technique, and on a sapphire wafer using a Ti-mask SAG technique. Tunable emission across the entire visible spectral range (~ 450 nm to 700 nm) can be readily achieved on a single Si wafer by varying the sizes and/or compositions of the dots. By separately biasing lateral-arranged multi-color LED subpixels, the correlated color temperature (CCT) values of such a ~ 0.016 mm<sup>2</sup> pixel can be varied from ~ 1900 K to 6800 K. The RGB pixel size can be further reduced by using the Ti-mask SAG technique on sapphire wafer. Full-color InGaN/GaN nanowire arrays with sizes of 2.8 × 2.8 μm<sup>2</sup> have been monolithically fabricated into the same pixel.
Evaluation of a Cleanser for Petroleum-Contaminated Skin (2003)

Concentrated DS appears to be significantly more effective at cleaning petroleum products from skin than the commonly chosen surgical and commercial cleansers.
Transcranial Photobiomodulation for Psychiatric Disorders: Past and Future Directions (2018)

transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared and red radiation for the treatment of psychiatric conditions is reviewed. While still experimental, preliminary data on the use of both laser and LED devices for brain disorders are promising.
Telcordia LSI Engine: implementation and scalability issues (2002)

Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), a vector space-based approach to information retrieval, has been proven to be an effective tool in correlating and retrieving relevant documents. While much work has been published on LSI, most of it addresses the algorithmic or theoretical basis of the model. Little, if any, presents implementation issues in practice. We describe a production-level implementation of LSI. The system integrates components including document collection and preprocessing, singular value decomposition (SVD), multilingual processing, and a tree-based access method for similarity querying. We discuss implementation issues encountered during the development of the system. In particular, we address scalability issues in the query engine and various components of the system, and present lessons learned.
Coexpressing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cyclopropane Synthase with <i>Sterculia foetida</i> Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase Enhances Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Accumulation   (2013)

Cyclopropane fatty acids (CPAs) are desirable as renewable chemical feedstocks for the production of paints, plastics, and lubricants. Toward our goal of creating a CPA-accumulating crop, we expressed nine higher plant cyclopropane synthase (CPS) enzymes in the seeds of fad2fae1 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and observed accumulation of less than 1% CPA. Surprisingly, expression of the Escherichia coli CPS gene resulted in the accumulation of up to 9.1% CPA in the seed. Coexpression of a Sterculia foetida lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (SfLPAT) increases CPA accumulation up to 35% in individual T1 seeds. However, seeds with more than 9% CPA exhibit wrinkled seed morphology and reduced size and oil accumulation. Seeds with more than 11% CPA exhibit strongly decreased seed germination and establishment, and no seeds with CPA more than 15% germinated. That previous reports suggest that plant CPS prefers the stereospecific numbering (sn)-1 position whereas E. coli CPS acts on sn-2 of phospholipids prompted us to investigate the preferred positions of CPS on phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol. Unexpectedly, in planta, E. coli CPS acts primarily on the sn-1 position of PC; coexpression of SfLPAT results in the incorporation of CPA at the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidic acid. This enables a cycle that enriches CPA at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions of PC and results in increased accumulation of CPA. These data provide proof of principle that CPA can accumulate to high levels in transgenic seeds and sets the stage for the identification of factors that will facilitate the movement of CPA from PC into triacylglycerol to produce viable seeds with additional CPA accumulation.
Low-impedance internal linear inductive antenna for large-area flat panel display plasma processing (2005)

An internal-type linear inductive antenna, that is, a double-comb-type antenna, was developed for a large-area plasma source having the size of 1020mm×830mm, and high density plasmas on the order of 2.3×1011cm−3 were obtained with 15 mTorr Ar at 5000 W of inductive power with good plasma stability. This is higher than that for the conventional serpentine-type antenna, possibly due to the low impedance, resulting in high efficiency of power transfer for the double-comb antenna type. In addition, due to the remarkable reduction of the antenna length, a plasma uniformity of less than 8% was obtained within the substrate area of 880mm×660mm at 5000 W without having a standing-wave effect.
“Practical” Electrospinning of Biopolymers in Ionic Liquids (2016)

To address the need to scale up technologies for electrospinning of biopolymers from ionic liquids to practical volumes, a setup for the multi-needle electrospinning of chitin using the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C<sub>2</sub> mim]-[OAc], was designed, built, and demonstrated. Materials with controllable and high surface area were prepared at the nanoscale using ionic-liquid solutions of high-molecular-weight chitin extracted with the same ionic liquid directly from shrimp shells.
Preparation of Conjugated Polymers Inside Assembled Solid‐State Devices (2010)

Soluble precursor polymers are processed and assembled into solid-state devices and subsequently converted in the devices to conjugated electrochromic materials. This method, termed in situ conversion, requires no rigorous cleaning step for the electrode substrate. It eliminates the use of a costly electrolyte bath during the assembly process. This methodology results in high yields for the resultant conjugated system.
3,6-Anhydro-<scp>L</scp>-galactonate cycloisomerase from<i>Vibrio</i>sp. strain EJY3: crystallization and X-ray crystallographic analysis (2017)

3,6-Anhydro-L-galactonate cycloisomerase (ACI), which is found in the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. strain EJY3, converts 3,6-anhydro-L-galactonate into 2-keto-3-deoxygalactonate. ACI is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (AHG). Study of AHG metabolism is important for the efficient fermentation of agar and biofuel production, because AHG is a sugar that is non-fermentable by commercial microorganisms. The aci gene from Vibrio sp. strain EJY3 was cloned, and the recombinant protein was overexpressed and crystallized in order to determine the structure and understand the function of the protein. The crystals diffracted to 2.2 Å resolution and belonged to space group P4<sub>1</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2 or P4<sub>3</sub>2<sub>1</sub>2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 87.9, c = 143.5 Å. The Matthews coefficient was 2.3 Å<sup>3</sup> Da<sup>-1</sup>, with a solvent content of 47%.
Computerized textural analysis of lung CT to enable quantification of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in NSCLC. (2016)

11584 Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a part of the dynamic immune microenvironment. Clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors report significant increase in TILs in responders in follow up tumor biopsies. Monitoring TILs on treatment using radiomic features extracted from routine follow up computed tomographic (CT) images can be a non-invasive surrogate to biopsy to detect early response. We conducted a proof of concept study to find out if radiomic features extracted from CT images can identify patients with high and low TILs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A cohort of 50 consecutive patients who underwent lobectomy for early stage NSCLC were identified and TIL were characterized using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&Es) slides. TILs were quantified on a previously reported scale of 0 to 3 based on intensity of TIL. Of the 50 cases 17 outliers who had high TILs (3+) or low TILs (0) were identified. The study team was provided with CT images from 4 patients with ‘0’ TILs, 8 tumors with ‘3+’ TILs and 5 tumors were blinded. Corresponding pre-surgical CT scans were annotated on slicer-3D software. A total of 669 radiomic (textural and shape) features of the lung nodule were investigated. These features were evaluated and ranked in their ability to discriminate TIL extent using a linear discriminant classifier, both in terms of univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Sphericity, a shape based feature was the most discriminating feature. Standard deviation and Laws were ranked as the most promising texture based features. Of the 5 blinded tumors, 4 were classified correctly leaving only one misclassified case. Conclusions: Computerized textural analysis using shape and texture features extracted from the lung nodule on CT images could be used to identify tumors with high TILs. Further validation of these findings in larger independent cohorts is required. These novel imaging based biomarkers could be a useful diagnostic tool for predicting response and monitoring patients on immunotherapy.
Wave separation and feature extraction of acoustic well-logging waveforms using Karhunen-Loeve transformation (1990)

Abstract In sonic well logging, a source-generated wave field is recorded at various points on the axis of a borehole. The recorded waveforms are extremely complicated because various wave components overlap in time and in frequency. I use the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transformation, also known as principal-component analysis, to isolate a particular wave component of interest. The wave features of the primary P, S, and Stoneley waves are extracted by projecting (or transforming) the data into the KL space. The extracted wave features allow us to identify wave responses to different formations. Furthermore, the extracted features can be used as a data compression scheme. To reduce the computational burden, a quick way to obtain the approximations to the first and second eigenvectors, supplemented by a procedure to evaluate their accuracies, is given with the examples. Finally, although the examples appear only for the single-receiver waveforms, the technique, in principle, has direct extension to arrays of waveforms.
Optimal dispersion maps for wavelength-division multiplexed soliton transmission systems (2002)

Summary form only given. Dispersion-managed soliton wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) transmission with 20-Gbit/s per channel is a promising way to realize long distance systems with an aggregate transmission capacity >100 Gbit/s. Optimizing the performance of such dispersion-managed systems is of crucial importance, and requires launching properly shaped and chirped pulses into the fiber to minimize the shedding of energy into a dispersive pedestal. We have analyzed dispersion-managed solitons with loss and gain by applying averaging when the dispersion-map period is shorter than the fiber's dispersion length.
Expanding the investigation of the thermoelectric properties of rare-earth-filled skutterudites (2002)

There is increasing interest in the skutterudite family of compounds as potential thermoelectric materials mainly due to the marked reduction in the thermal conductivity that occurs when voids in the structure are filled with "guest" atoms. The "rattlling" of these void-fillers atoms damps the phonon propagation through the lattice. The phonon scattering mechanism(s) are not yet completely understood. Ongoing research focuses on compensating for the charge of the void-filling ions and finding the optimum void filler that yields maximal reduction in the thermal conductivity while maintaining favorable electronic properties. Thus far published data on Ge and Fe as charge compensators resulting in P-type samples has been reported. In this paper we present data on skutterudites incorporating Sn for charge compensation.