gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insect larvae meal as an alternative source of nutrients in the diet of Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) postsmolt (2015)

Two insect meal (IM) products were tested as ingredient in diets for Atlantic salmon weighing ~250 g. The modern control diet contained 200 g kg−1 fish meal (FM100), which was stepwise replaced by insect meal A (IM A) as a 25% (A25), 50% (A50) or 100% (A100) FM replacement or insect meal B (IM B) as a 25% (B25) or 100% (B100) FM replacement. Selected nutrient parameters and contaminants were measured in the diets. After 15 weeks, fish length and weight were recorded and visceral and hepatic indices calculated. Fatty acid and amino acid digestibility was calculated. Morphology of the liver, kidney, mid- and hind intestine was evaluated. Finally, a sensory testing of the fillets was conducted. A25, A50 and A100 performed equally well as the FM100 diet. The feed intake decreased moderately with increasing IM A inclusion; however, food conversion ratio decreased, resulting in an equal net growth of the fish. Histology did not show any differences between any of the dietary groups, and sensory testing of fillets from FM100, A100 and B25 did not reveal any significant differences in odour, flavour/taste or texture between groups. IM A was suitable to replace up to 100% of dietary FM, whilst IM B did not perform equally well.
Liver Cell Short-Term Tests for Food-Borne Carcinogens (1992)

Carcinogens occur in food from a variety of sources, including natural-occurring contaminants, such as mycotoxins, additives, such as saccharin, and chemicals formed from food components, such as pyrolysates (1-4). As with carcinogens of other origins, these elicit cancer in experimental models through a variety of mechanisms (5). Carcinogens exert effects in two distinct sequences of carcinogenesis, the conversion of normal cells to neoplastic cells and the development of neoplastic cells into tumors. Carcinogens that form reactive species, such as electrophiles, that bind to DNA produce neoplastic conversion through alteration of gene function, especially in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Such carcinogens have been designated as genotoxic or DNA-reactive. Other types of carcinogens that produce epigenetic cellular effects that may give rise to reactive moieties, such active oxygen species, possibly also cause neoplastic conversion., In addition, some epigenetic carcinogens do not seem to be capable of altering DNA, even indirectly, but
Kernel Support for Stackable File Systems (2007)

Although it is now possible to use stackable (layered) file systems in Linux, there are several issues that should be addressed to make stacking more reliable and effi-cient. To support stacking properly, some changes to the VFS and VM subsystems will be required. In this paper, we discuss some of the issues and solutions pro-posed at the Linux Storage and Filesystems workshop in February 2007, our ongoing work on stacking sup-port for Linux, and our progress on several particular stackable file systems. 1
Cortical Development and Thalamic Pathology in Schizophrenia (1997)

In this article, morphological data suggesting that brain development may be altered in schizophrenia are reviewed in relation to the major events in neural development. In the absence of severe defects in brain structure in individuals with schizophrenia, developmental processes governing the establishment, refinement, and maintenance of connections are potential sites of pathological involvement. Alterations in connectional patterns are likely to result in activity-dependent changes in gene expression for molecules involved in the neurotransmission process, with functional consequences. Loss of cells in the thalamus may be primary or secondary to cortical or other subcortical pathology. Loss of thalamic cells and/or of corticothalamic inputs could lead to disintegration of thought processes by a failure in functional brain states dependent on collective oscillation of large ensembles of cortical and thalamic neurons.
Mercury(II) Chloride‐Mediated Desulphurization of Amidinothioureas: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole Derivatives (2014)

The synthesis of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole via mercury(II) chloride‐mediated cyclization of amidinothiourea is described. This procedure offers a general and efficient route to synthesize the title compound by 3 + 2 annulation reaction. On the basis of the literature precedence, the mechanism for the formation of 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole is proposed. When the synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity showed promising inhibition against tested microbes.
Prevention of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by manipulation of the immune network with a complementary peptide for the acetylcholine receptor. (1993)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) and experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) are caused, in part, by the production of autoantibodies against the main immunogenic region, amino acids 61-76, of the alpha chain of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Theoretically, induction of anti-idiotypic (Id) antibodies (Abs) should be a highly specific treatment for the disease by virtue of their potential ability to neutralize Abs to the AChR. We have tested this idea by attempting to evoke such anti-Id Abs by immunization with a peptide (termed RhCA 67-16) encoded by RNA complementary to the Torpedo AChR main immunogenic region and determining whether such treatment will prevent the development of EAMG. Immunization with RhCA 67-16, but not a control peptide termed PBM 9-1, was found to elicit the production of anti-Id Abs that blocked recognition of native Torpedo AChR by its Ab. This anti-Id Ab activity was ablated by incubation of the anti-RhCA 67-16 serum with RhCA 67-16, but PBM 9-1, prior to the assay for Ab binding to AChR. The anti-Id Ab-inducing activity of RhCA 67-16 was confirmed by the ability to produce a rat monoclonal Ab to RhCA 67-16 that showed anti-Id activity for polyclonal rat Ab reactive with AChR residues 67-76. Most importantly, RhCA 67-16 immunization also prevented the development of EAMG in Lewis rats challenged with Torpedo AChR (25% incidence versus 90% in the controls) and diminished the AChR Ab levels in animals injected with low doses of AChR. Our results suggest a therapy for MG and perhaps other autoimmune diseases through the induction of anti-Id Abs by peptide immunogens.
Meta-Coaxial Nanoantenna (2014)

Novel meta-coaxial nanoantennas are studied numerically, fabricated and experimentally characterized. These antennas provide local field enhancements of 200-800, super-localized fields with spatial FWHM of ~1nm, and wide spectral ranges with FWHM bandwidths greater than 900nm.
Blood docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in vegans: Associations with age and gender and effects of an algal-derived omega-3 fatty acid supplement (2014)

We conclude that vegans have low baseline omega-3 levels, but not lower than omnivores who also consume very little docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The vegans responded robustly to a relatively low dose of a vegetarian omega-3 supplement.
Nucleosides. 102. Synthesis of some 3'-deoxy-3'-substituted arabinofuranosylpyrimidine nucleosides (1977)

The synthesis of some 3'-deoxy-3'-substituted arabinofuranosylcytosine (4a-d) and uracil (7a-d, 8a-d, X =Br, I, N3, SCN) nucleosides was accomplished by treatment of the requisite 2',3'-anhydrolyxofuranosylpyrimidine nucleoside (5,6a,b) with the appropriate ammonium salt in refluxing ethanol. Cleavage of the oxirane ring provided the desired 3'-deoxy-3'-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides (4a-d, 7a-d, and 8a-d). In vitro screening of compounds 4a-d, and 7a-d, with L5178Y cells in culture showed no significant inhibitory properties.
Quantitative and Multiplexed MicroRNA Sensing in Living Cells Based on Peptide Nucleic Acid and Nano Graphene Oxide (PANGO) (2013)

MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important small RNA which regulates diverse gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs are considered as important biomarkers since abnormal expression of specific miRNAs is associated with many diseases including cancer and diabetes. Therefore, it is important to develop biosensors to quantitatively detect miRNA expression levels. Here, we develop a nanosized graphene oxide (NGO) based miRNA sensor, which allows quantitative monitoring of target miRNA expression levels in living cells. The strategy is based on tight binding of NGO with peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes, resulting in fluorescence quenching of the dye that is conjugated to the PNA, and subsequent recovery of the fluorescence upon addition of target miRNA. PNA as a probe for miRNA sensing offers many advantages including high sequence specificity, high loading capacity on the NGO surface compared to DNA and resistance against nuclease-mediated degradation. The present miRNA sensor allowed the detection of specific target miRNAs with the detection limit as low as ~1 pM and the simultaneous monitoring of three different miRNAs in a living cell.
Analysis of Zirconium-Based Alloys by Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Glow discharge mass spectrometric (GDMS) analysis of zirconium-based alloys has been studied by using a VG 9000 instrument. Disk samples were dry-polished with 120-grit zirconium oxide endless-paper and preliminary exposed to glow discharge for 1.8 ks in the discharge cell. Optimum glow discharge conditions and the most suitable size of tantalum front mask were examined take the advance of analytical precision into consideration. The relative sensitivity factor (RSF) of each analyzing element was evaluated from the analytical values of thirteen standard reference materials: JAERI CRMs Z1∼Z16. As an example, the average RSF obtained were 1.612 for iron and 1.332 for hafnium. For the analysis of the zirconium-based alloys NIST SRMs 1234∼1239, relative standard deviation (RSD) of repetitive five measurements for each analyzing element was compared with those of obtained by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using theoretical alpha coefficients. RSD of GDMS analytical value change a little against the varying of analyzing element concentration, and it was within 10% for each trace impurity at mass ppm level. The GDMS analytical value of hafnium in those SRMs was in good agreement with the certified value and RSD of that was within 5%.
Stereochemistry of conformationally restricted analogs of the antitumor agent ICRF-159: crystal and molecular structures of cis- and trans-cyclopropylbis(dioxopiperazine) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of conformationally restricted analogs of the antitumor agent ICRF-159: crystal and molecular structures of cis- and trans-cyclopropylbis(dioxopiperazine)Andrew Hempel, Norman Camerman, and Arthur CamermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 12, 3456–3458Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00376a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00376a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Digesting virtual "geek" culture (2005)

This paper describes a summarization system for technical chats and emails on the Linux kernel. To reflect the complexity and sophistication of the discussions, they are clustered according to subtopic structure on the sub-message level, and immediate responding pairs are identified through machine learning methods. A resulting summary consists of one or more mini-summaries, each on a subtopic from the discussion.
HIERARCHIC AGGLOMERATIVE CLUSTERING METHODS FOR AUTOMATIC DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION (1984)

This paper considers the classifications produced by application of the single linkage, complete linkage, group average and Ward clustering methods to the Keen and Cranfield document test collections. Experiments were carried out to study the structure of the hierarchies produced by the different methods, the extent to which the methods distort the input similarity matrices during the generation of a classification, and the retrieval effectiveness obtainable in cluster based retrieval. The results would suggest that the single linkage method, which has been used extensively in previous work on document clustering, is not the most effective procedure of those tested, although it should be emphasized that the experiments have used only small document test collections.
Delta-sigma-delta modulator: an autoranging A/D converter (2002)

We present a new A/D modulator architecture Delta-Sigma-Delta (DSD) modulator which uses a delta modulator in combination with a sigma-delta modulator to generate an autoranging A/D converter. We analyze and derive the fundamental equations for this architecture. Our basic equations are confirmed via simulations and a fabricated chip.
Privacy Enhanced Technologies: Methods, Markets, Misuse (2005)

Abstract. Research in Privacy Enhancing Technologies has a tradition of about 25 years. The basic technologies and ideas were found until 1995 while the last decade was dominated by the utilisation of such technolo-gies. The question arises if there is a market for Privacy Enhanced Tech-nology. The answer is yes, however Privacy Enhancing Technology may not have been broadly known yet in order to make it profitable. The gov-ernments or non-profit organisations must therefore run such systems or at least promote their further development and deployment. Especially governments have however conflicting interests: While governments of democratic nations are responsible to keep the freedom of citizens (and privacy as a part of it), governments also need instruments to prose-cute criminal activities. Subsequently, Privacy Enhancing Technologies have to consider law enforcement functionality in order to balance these different targets. 1
Sclerostin inhibition promotes TNF-dependent inflammatory joint destruction (2016)

Sclerostin, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, has anti-anabolic effects on bone formation by negatively regulating osteoblast differentiation. Mutations in the human sclerostin gene (SOST) lead to sclerosteosis with progressive skeletal overgrowth, whereas sclerostin-deficient (Sost(-/-)) mice exhibit increased bone mass and strength. Therefore, antibody-mediated inhibition of sclerostin is currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in humans. We report that in chronic TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α)-dependent arthritis, fibroblast-like synoviocytes constitute a major source of sclerostin and that either the lack of sclerostin or its antibody-mediated inhibition leads to an acceleration of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-like disease in human TNFα transgenic (hTNFtg) mice with enhanced pannus formation and joint destruction. Inhibition of sclerostin also failed to improve clinical signs and joint destruction in the partially TNFα-dependent glucose-6-phosphate isomerase-induced arthritis mouse model, but ameliorated disease severity in K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis mouse model, which is independent of TNF receptor signaling, thus suggesting a specific role for sclerostin in TNFα signaling. Sclerostin effectively blocked TNFα- but not interleukin-1-induced activation of p38, a key step in arthritis development, pointing to a previously unrealized protective role of sclerostin in TNF-mediated chronic inflammation. The possibility of anti-sclerostin antibody treatment worsening clinical RA outcome under chronic TNFα-dependent inflammatory conditions in mice means that caution should be taken both when considering such treatment for inflammatory bone loss in RA and when using anti-sclerostin antibodies in patients with TNFα-dependent comorbidities.
Learning Nonlinear Overcomplete Representations for Efficient Coding (1997)

We derive a learning algorithm for inferring an overcomplete basis by viewing it as probabilistic model of the observed data. Overcomplete bases allow for better approximation of the underlying statistical density. Using a Laplacian prior on the basis coefficients removes redundancy and leads to representations that are sparse and are a nonlinear function of the data. This can be viewed as a generalization of the technique of independent component analysis and provides a method for blind source separation of fewer mixtures than sources. We demonstrate the utility of overcomplete representations on natural speech and show that compared to the traditional Fourier basis the inferred representations potentially have much greater coding efficiency. A traditional way to represent real-values signals is with Fourier or wavelet bases. A disadvantage of these bases, however, is that they are not specialized for any particular dataset. Principal component analysis (PCA) provides one ...
Hostile Environment (1999)

The lives and activities of individuals of all social groups were governed in Europe by a hostile environment. Many of the difficulties are still familiar today, particularly in the Third World, but modern familiarity with such problems as disease or adverse weather conditions should not blind us to their significance. They affected not only the experiences and actions of individuals, but also their attitudes, and it is necessary to consider the latter in order to understand the impact of facts of life and death.
Excess Volume of Vapor-Deposited Molecular Glass and Its Change Due to Structural Relaxation:  Studies of Light Interference in Film Samples (2002)

A novel method for estimating the refractive index and density of vacuum-deposited molecular glasses was invented. It is based on the analysis of the interference of the light transmitted through film samples. Molar volumes of toluene, ethylbenzene, and propylbenzene in the glass states were thus elucidated. The volume just after the sample deposition at 78 K was larger by 4−10%, depending on the size of the substituent on the phenyl ring of each compound, than the fictitious value for the supercooled liquid estimated at the same temperature. By temperature elevation at a constant rate, the volume increases first by the thermal expansion of the glass and next decreases rapidly in a narrow temperature region just below the glass-transition temperature. This decrease is attributed to the structural relaxation in the glass, and its magnitude is related to the size of the substituent. Excess volumes included at the initial sample deposition are discussed in relation to the excess enthalpies reported for similarly prepared molecular glasses.
A novel enzyme with antioxidant capacity produced by the ubiquitous skin colonizer Propionibacterium acnes (2016)

The role of the skin microbiota in human health is poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized a novel antioxidant enzyme produced by the skin microbiota, designated RoxP for radical oxygenase of Propionibacterium acnes. RoxP is uniquely produced by the predominant skin bacterium P. acnes, with no homologs in other bacteria; it is highly expressed and strongly secreted into culture supernatants. We show that RoxP binds heme, reduces free radicals, and can protect molecules from oxidation. Strikingly, RoxP is crucial for the survival of P. acnes in oxic conditions and for skin colonization of P. acnes ex vivo. Taken together, our study strongly suggests that RoxP facilitates P. acnes' survival on human skin, and is an important beneficial factor for the host-commensal interaction. Thus, RoxP is the first described skin microbiota-derived mutualistic factor that potentially can be exploited for human skin protection.
Handbook of Raman Spectroscopy (2001)

This work covers principles of Raman theory, analysis, instrumentation, and measurement, specifying up-to-the-minute benefits of Raman spectroscopy in a variety of industrial and academic fields, and how to cultivate growth in new disciplines. It contains case studies that illustrate current techniques in data extraction and analysis, as well as ov
Desempeño de la política comercial pública en España (2008)

La organizacion politica de un pais tiene importantes consecuencias sobre la politica economica. El desarrollo de los distintos tipos de federalismo, en particular el federalismo asimetrico, tiene su traslacion a diferencias en las politicas comerciales La organizacion politica de un pais tiene importantes consecuencias sobre la politica economica. El desarrollo de los distintos tipos de federalismo, en particular el federalismo asimetrico, tiene su traslacion a diferencias en las politicas comerciales implementadas entre los diversos territorios. Cabe preguntarse las consecuencias economicas de estas diferencias. El presente trabajo intentar aproximarse al problema, evaluando la posible existencia de efectos diferenciados sobre la estructura del comercio.
Rapidity-gap distribution and correlation function based on a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:math>-cluster model (1976)

We investigate a $B$-cluster model, which is a simple model for the independent emissions of charged and neutral clusters with $M$, the number of charged particles per cluster, varying from 2 to 3. Within the model, the Gaussian width ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{d}$ of the decay-pion rapidity distribution is determined from analysis of rapidity-gap distribution and charged-particle-correlation-function data. We find that for $M\ensuremath{\sim}3$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{d}\ensuremath{\sim}1$, the model is compatible with these data and also with the charge-transfer data considered in an earlier work. Some lessons learned from our fits and related work are discussed.
Strong enhancement of direct transition photoluminescence with highly tensile-strained Ge grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2011)

Highly tensile-strained layers of Ge were grown via molecular beam epitaxy using step-graded InxGa1−xAs buffer layers on (100) GaAs. These layers have biaxial tensile-strain of up to 2.33%, have surface roughness of <1.1 nm, and are of high quality as seen with transmission electron microscopy. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) suggests the existence of direct-bandgap Ge when the strain is greater than 1.7%, and we see a greater than 100× increase in the PL intensity of the direct transition with 2.33% tensile-strain over the unstrained case. These results show promise for the use of tensile-strained Ge in optoelectronics monolithically integrated on Si.
Pressurized antennas for space radars (1980)

The low weight and packaged volume of inflatables relative to mechanical systems has long been known. A 700-meter diameter inflated reflector could be carried in a single shuttle payload. Surface tolerances were demonstrated resulting in acceptable gains for microwave wavelengths greater than 1 cm. The total system weight including replacement gas is comparable to or lower than mechanical systems for antenna diameters greater than lo-20 meters. The meteoroid problem is much less than originally anticipated because large antennas require only low inflation pressures. Mechanisms for antenna thermal control include optimized internal radiative exchange and the use of the pressurant as in a heat pipe.