gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WiscKey (2017)

We present WiscKey, a persistent LSM-tree-based key-value store with a performance-oriented data layout that separates keys from values to minimize I/O amplification. The design of WiscKey is highly SSD optimized, leveraging both the sequential and random performance characteristics of the device. We demonstrate the advantages of WiscKey with both microbenchmarks and YCSB workloads. Microbenchmark results show that WiscKey is 2.5 × to 111 × faster than LevelDB for loading a database (with significantly better tail latencies) and 1.6 × to 14 × faster for random lookups. WiscKey is faster than both LevelDB and RocksDB in all six YCSB workloads.
Nonlinear carrier dynamics in silicon nano-waveguides (2017)

Abstract: The understanding of free-carrier dynamics in silicon photonic nano-waveguides and micro-cavities is fundamental to several nonlinear optical phenomena. Through time-resolved pump and probe experiments, a complex and nonlinear carrier recombination dynamics is revealed. Our results show that the carrier lifetime varies as the recombination evolves, with faster decay rates at the initial stages (with lifetime of similar to 800 ps) and much slower lifetimes at later stages (up to similar to 300 ns). The large surface-to-volume ratio in nano-waveguides enables clear observation of the effect of carrier trapping, manifesting as a decay curve that is highly dependent on the initial carrier density. Further, we demonstrate faster recombination rates by operating at high carrier density. Our results, along with a theoretical framework based on trap-assisted recombination statistics applied to nano-waveguides, can impact the dynamics of several nonlinear nanophotonic devices in which free carriers play a critical role, and open further opportunities to enhance the performance of all-optical silicon-based devices
Ring-array processor distribution topology for optical interconnects (1992)

The existing linear and rectangular processor distribution topologies for optical interconnects, although promising in many respects, cannot solve problems such as clock skews, the lack of supporting elements for efficient optical implementation, etc. The use of a ring-array processor distribution topology, however, can overcome these problems. Here, a study of the ring-array topology is conducted with an aim of implementing various fast clock rate, high-performance, compact optical networks for digital electronic multiprocessor computers. Practical design issues are addressed. Some proof-of-principle experimental results are included.
Sensitive detection of Treponema pallidum by using the polymerase chain reaction (1991)

We have developed a sensitive assay for Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum), the agent of veneral syphilis, based upon the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A 658-bp portion of the gene encoding the 47-kDa membrane immunogen was amplified, and the PCR products were probed by DNA-DNA hybridization with a 496-bp fragment internal to the amplitifed DNA. The assay detected approximately 0.01 pg of purified T. pallidum DNA, and positive results were obtained routinely from suspensions of treponemes calculated to contain 10 or more organism and from some suspensions calculated to contain a single organism. Specific PCR products were obtained for the closely related agent of yaws, Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, but not with human DNA or DNAs from other spirochetes (including Borrelia burgdoferi), skin microorganisms, sexually transmitted disease pathogens, and central nervous system pathogens. T. pallidum DNA was detected in serum, cerebrospinal fluids, and amniotic fluids from syphilis patients but not in in nonsyphilitic controls. T. pallidum DNA was also amplified from paraffin-embedded tissue. The diagnosis of syphillis by using PCR may become a significant addition to the diagnostic armamentarium and a valuable technique for the investigation of syphilis pathogenesis.
Combined Thrombin and Platelet Inhibition Treatment for HIT Patients (1999)

Summary Despite the use of potent anticoagulants such as r-hirudin and argatroban, the morbidity and mortality in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) patients remains unacceptable. Data from our in vitro investigations show that thrombin inhibitors do not block platelet activation induced by heparin antibodies and heparin but that GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors do block this process. We have treated four HIT positive patients with a combined therapy of thrombin inhibitor and GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor when treatment with thrombin inhibitor alone failed to alleviate acute thrombosis. Combination therapies included r-hirudin (Refludan®) with tirofiban (Aggrastat®) and argatroban (Novastan®) with abciximab (ReoPro®). A reduced dose of the thrombin inhibitor was used with the standard dose of the anti-platelet drug. In all cases, there was no overt bleeding which required intervention, and all patients exhibited clinical improvement or full recovery. These case studies suggest that treatment of active thrombosis in HIT patients with adjunct GPIIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor therapy may be more effective than thrombin inhibitor treatment alone.
Human steroid and oxysterol 7α‐hydroxylase <scp>CYP</scp>7B1: substrate specificity, azole binding and misfolding of clinically relevant mutants (2014)

Oxysterols and neurosteroids are important signaling molecules produced by monooxygenases of the cytochrome P450 family that realize their effect through nuclear receptors. CYP7B1 catalyzes the 6- or 7-hydroxylation of both steroids and oxysterols and thus is involved in the metabolism of neurosteroids and bile acid synthesis, respectively. The dual physiological role of CYP7B1 is evidenced from different diseases, liver failure and progressive neuropathy, caused by enzyme malfunction. Here we present biochemical characterization of CYP7B1 at the molecular level to understand substrate specificity and susceptibility to azole drugs. Based on our experiments with purified enzyme, the requirements for CYP7B1 hydroxylation of steroid molecules are as follows: C5 hydrogen in the α-configuration (or double bond at C5), a polar group at C17, a hydroxyl group at C3, and the absence of the hydroxyl group at C20-C24 in the C27-sterol side chain. 21-hydroxy-pregnenolone was identified as a new substrate, and overall low activity toward pregnanes could be related to the increased potency of 7-hydroxy derivatives produced by CYP7B1. Metabolic conversion (deactivation) of oxysterols by CYP7B1 in a reconstituted system proceeds via two sequential hydroxylations. Two mutations that are found in patients with diseases, Gly57Arg and Phe216Ser, result in apo-P450 (devoid of heme) protein formation. Our CYP7B1 homology model provides a rationale for understanding clinical mutations and relatively broad substrate specificity for steroid hydroxylase.
A comprehensive survey of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (2015)

A wireless sensor network is composed of multifunctional sensor nodes scattered in sensing fields. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in applications like Military, Environmental monitoring, Health (Scanning), Space Exploration, Smart homes, Mechanical stress levels of attached objects, disaster management etc. [30] The transmission of information is a tedious task in WSN due to miniaturization of resources such as limited battery life, transmission power, etc. Moreover, the deployment of WSN in remote and hostile locations makes them vulnerable to unreliable communication links and numerous security attacks. In the lieu of this, design of routing protocols should take into consideration various design issues and routing challenges. Considering the importance of fact, various routing protocols have been presented in the literature for WSN. Four main categories of routing protocols, namely location based, data centric, hierarchical and multipath based protocols are covered in this paper. A comprehensive survey of different routing protocols presented in the literature for WSNs is presented in this paper. Later on, we discuss various design challenges of WSN, advantages, disadvantages and performance obstacles related to each routing protocol. Some open research issues are presented in the paper conclusion.
Genetic synthesis of Boolean neural networks with a cell rewriting developmental process (2003)

Genetic algorithms (GAS) are used to generate neural networks that implement Boolean functions. Neural networks both involve an architecture that is a graph of connections, and a set of weights. The algorithm that is put forward yields both the architecture and the weights by using chromosomes that encode an algorithmic description based upon a cell rewriting grammar. The developmental process interprets the grammar for l cycles and develops a neural net parametrized by l. The encoding along with the developmental process have been designed in order to improve the existing approaches. They implement the following key-properties. The representation on the chromosome is abstract and compact. Any chromosome develops a valid phenotype. The developmental process gives modular and interpretable architectures with a powerful scalability property. The GA finds a neural net for the 50 inputs parity function, and for the 40 inputs symmetry function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Three Forms of Summarization Instruction on Sixth Graders' Summary Writing and Comprehension (1984)

Three forms of summarization instruction comprised the treatment and control conditions explored in this study of sixth graders. The two treatment groups received direct instruction in either a rule-governed approach to summarization or an intuitive approach. A control group simply received advice to find main ideas with no explicit modeling. Two dependent measures were used to judge the efficacy of the three instructional approaches to summarization: (a) a paragraph summary writing task and (b) a standardized test of paragraph comprehension. On both measures, treatment groups significantly outperformed the control group. The results are discussed from the perspective of a combined textlinguistic and direct instruction model of learning.
An accurate coverage forecasting model for behavioral model verification (2003)

Statistically forecasting potential returns in terms of code coverage for a given set of test cases (patterns) to be applied to a behavioral model can improve the overall effectiveness of behavioral model verification. In this paper, we present a forecasting model for behavioral VHDL model verification. The statistical assumptions of the proposed model are based on experimental evaluation of probability distribution functions and correlation functions. Results show that the forecasting model is of high accuracy. The prediction error of the proposed forecast model in estimating the probability of new coverage is, at most, 2% from the actual probability of having coverage when predicting 1000 simulation cycles into the future. When the prediction window size increases to 10,000 simulation cycles, the expected error in predicting the probability of having coverage is 13%, at most. The marginal error in predicting the waiting time to coverage is less than 30% in forecasting 1000 simulation cycles, and at most /spl plusmn/22% in forecasting 10,000 simulation cycles.
One-device cells for dynamic random-access memories: A tutorial (1979)

The evolutionary development of one-device cells for dynamic random-access memory (RAM) integrated circuits is described in this paper. From an examination of the areal layout (planar top view) and the cross section (vertical topography), various memory cells are compared in a systematic manner. Structural features such as contact via formation, bit-line and word-line pitch, metal step coverage, and cell placement along the bit line are also considered. Some new dynamic RAM cell concepts such as doubly doped storage capacitors, self-registering contacts, and VMOS FET's are discussed. From an examination of commercially available dynamic RAM chips, a basic lithographic groundrule was determined. It will be shown that, although this lithographic figure of merit has steadily decreased over the past four years, the number of lithographic squares per cell has remained constant for different cell types.
Synthesis of Protein Complexes of Bis-indole Alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus (1986)

a t h a r a n t h i n e moiety" i s described
Registration of TAM 94L-25 and TAM 94J-3 Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton with Improved Fiber Length (2003)

Crop ScienceVolume 43, Issue 2 p. 742-743 Registrations of Germplasm Registration of TAM 94L-25 and TAM 94J-3 Germplasm Lines of Upland Cotton with Improved Fiber Length C. Wayne Smith, Corresponding Author C. Wayne Smith cwsmith@tamu.edu Dep. of Soil and Crop Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843-2474Corresponding author (cwsmith@tamu.edu)Search for more papers by this author C. Wayne Smith, Corresponding Author C. Wayne Smith cwsmith@tamu.edu Dep. of Soil and Crop Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843-2474Corresponding author (cwsmith@tamu.edu)Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 2003 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.7420Citations: 30 Registration by CSSA. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume43, Issue2March–April 2003Pages 742-743 RelatedInformation
Detecting load unbalance and shaft misalignment using stator current in inverter-driven induction motors (2003)

This paper examines the effect of changing the input frequency of the induction motor with an adjustable speed drive on the detection of mechanical fault conditions, such as load unbalance and shaft misalignment. The mechanical force resulting from these fault conditions is highly dependent on the rotational speed of the motor. When the motor is run at low speeds, the mechanical fault produces less force, resulting in smaller frequency harmonics in the stator current. Nevertheless, results show that the fault signatures are evident in the stator current spectrum even when the drive input frequency is very low. In addition, the drive frequency harmonics do not affect the fault detection, since the frequency components of interest are much lower than the drive frequencies. It is shown that the tested fault conditions are detected in an induction motor running at a rotational speed of as low as 150 rpm. Mechanical fault conditions are detected using a simple, low-cost algorithm that utilizes a single phase of the stator current The employed algorithm could be easily incorporated into the drive at no additional cost.
Absolute mRNA levels and transcriptional initiation rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1996)

We quantitate the absolute levels of individual mRNAs per yeast cell by hybridizing total yeast RNA with an excess of gene-specific 32P-oligonucleotides, and digesting the resulting RNA-DNA hybrids with S1 nuclease. By comparing the his3 hybridization signal from a known amount of yeast cells to the signal generated by a known amount of his3 RNA synthesized in vitro, we determine that yeast strain KY114 growing in yeast extract/peptone/glucose medium at 30 degrees C contains seven molecules of his3 mRNA per cell. Using a galactose shut-off procedure, we determined that the half-life of his3 mRNA is approximately 11 min under these conditions. From these observations, we calculate that one his3 mRNA molecule is synthesized every 140 s. Analysis of other his3 promoter derivatives suggests that the maximal transcriptional initiation rate in yeast cells is one mRNA molecule every 6-8 s. Using his3 as an internal standard, the number of mRNA molecules per cell have been determined for ded1, trp3, rps4, and gall under a variety of growth conditions. From these results, the absolute mRNA level of any yeast gene can be determined in a single hybridization experiment. Moreover, the rate of transcriptional initiation can be determined for mRNAs whose decay rates are known.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new indolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6(12H)ones. (1993)

A series of indolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-6(12H)ones 4a-i was prepared and tested for the antimicrobial activity. The synthesis of the new compounds and the results of the antimicrobial screening are reported.
Quantification of the epitope diversity of HIV-1-specific binding antibodies by peptide microarrays for global HIV-1 vaccine development (2014)

An effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) will have to provide protection against a vast array of different HIV-1 strains. Current methods to measure HIV-1-specific binding antibodies following immunization typically focus on determining the magnitude of antibody responses, but the epitope diversity of antibody responses has remained largely unexplored. Here we describe the development of a global HIV-1 peptide microarray that contains 6564 peptides from across the HIV-1 proteome and covers the majority of HIV-1 sequences in the Los Alamos National Laboratory global HIV-1 sequence database. Using this microarray, we quantified the magnitude, breadth, and depth of IgG binding to linear HIV-1 sequences in HIV-1-infected humans and HIV-1-vaccinated humans, rhesus monkeys and guinea pigs. The microarray measured potentially important differences in antibody epitope diversity, particularly regarding the depth of epitope variants recognized at each binding site. Our data suggest that the global HIV-1 peptide microarray may be a useful tool for both preclinical and clinical HIV-1 research.
The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect (2018)

"Everyone has heard the claim, "Correlation does not imply causation." What might sound like a reasonable dictum metastasized in the twentieth century into one of science's biggest obstacles, as a legion of researchers became unwilling to make the claim that one thing could cause another. Even two decades ago, asking a statistician a question like "Was it the aspirin that stopped my headache?" would have been like asking if he believed in voodoo, or at best a topic for conversation at a cocktail party rather than a legitimate target of scientific inquiry. Scientists were allowed to posit only that the probability that one thing was associated with another. This all changed with Judea Pearl, whose work on causality was not just a victory for common sense, but a revolution in the study of the world"...
Science, Axel, and Punning (1981)

A scholar and critic reviews some historical aspects of the impetus to plainness and simplicity in writings about science. Works from the seventeenth through the twentieth century provide illustration.
An Automated Framework with Application to Study Url Based Online Advertisements Detection (2013)

Abstract A rapid growth of online advertisements results in unsolicited bulk of data being downloaded during web surfing. To tackle this problem a fast mechanism detecting adverts is required. In this paper we present the usefulness of URL based web-pages classification in the process of online advertisements detection. Our experiments are performed on seven popular classifiers using the real-life dataset obtained by human agents browsing the internet. We introduce a general and fully automated framework that allows us to do a comprehensive analysis by performing simultaneously hundreds of experiments. This study results in solution with 0.987 accuracy and 0.822 F-measure.
CMOS RC-Oscillator Technique For Digital Read Out From An IR Bolometer Array (2005)

A novel concept to read out weak signals from an array of uncooled IR resistance bolometer detectors is presented. Each detector in the array is a part of an RC oscillator, designed in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process within the pixel area. Incoming radiation changes the detector temperature and resistance, which leads to a deviation in phase. This deviation is integrated in each pixel typically during 20 ms. It is shown that the deviation can be accurately and digitally read out from a large two-dimensional array. IR response and pixelwise A/D conversion readout are demonstrated using a thin film bolometer detector. A Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD) of 0.1 K has been measured.
Notas para el estudio de la organización burocrática inquisitorial: los familiares del Santo Oficio murciano en el siglo XVIII (1990)

Semejante situacion sigue manteniendose, en efecto, con la llegada del siglo XVIII, ya que, a pesar del cambio de Dinastia y de las nuevas o al menos dist intasideas del Rey Felipe V y sus consejeros acerca de las relaciones con la Inquisicion, esta conserva su organizacion y papel tradicional (1). Si bien el rey redujo el numero de ministros del Santo Oficio y limito sus prerrogativas (2), al considerarse con derecho a inmiscuirse en tales asuntos. Pero buscando, pese a ello, proteger al Tribunal, de acuerdo con la maxima inculcada por su abuelo Luis XIV, de que «con solo su auxilio conservaria tranquilo su reino» (3).
A [2]Rotaxane Capped by a Cyclodextrin and a Guest:  Formation of Supramolecular [2]Rotaxane Polymer (2005)

A [2]rotaxane capped by a beta-cyclodextrin and a 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl group has been prepared by dissolving 6-aminocinnamoyl beta-cyclodextrin in water with 1-adamantane carboxylic acid and complexation with alpha-cyclodextrin followed by the reaction with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt. The [2]rotaxane has been found to form supramolecular polymers by host-guest interactions.
Neuroplasticity and depression: Rewiring the brain's networks through pharmacological therapy (Review) (2021)

In modern society, depression is one of the most common mental illness; however, its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. A great body of evidence suggests that depression causes changes in neuroplasticity in specific regions of the brain which are correlated to symptom severity, negative emotional rumination as well as fear learning. Depression is correlated with atrophy of neurons in the cortical and limbic brain regions that control mood and emotion. Antidepressant therapy can exhibit effects on neuroplasticity and reverse the neuroanatomical changes found in depressed patients. The investigation of fast-acting agents that reverse behavioral and neuronal deficiencies of chronic depression, especially the glutamate receptor antagonist NMDA ketamine, and the cellular mechanisms underlying the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine and related agents are of real interest in current research. Actual medication such as serotonin (5-HT) selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, require weeks to months of administration before a clear therapeutic response. The current review aimed to underline the negative effects of depression on neuroplasticity and present the current findings on the effects of antidepressant medication.
A New Multimode Optical Fiber Splicing Technique (1986)

Abstract : For the French local cable network, it is necessary to perform a great number of multimode optical fiber splices. We present a low cost splicing technique which has been industrialized to satisfy the requirements of the videocommunication networks. In this splice, fibers are aligned in an elastomeric groove and then, bonded to a glass plate. Training time is very short and field installation is easy. It is a good quality, reliable splice and more than 100.000 splices has been already realized in the field. In this paper we present this splicing technique and the performances of the splice. (Author)