gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Automated Quantitative Sensory Testing System for Pain Research (2011)

Chronic pain is a significant public health problem throughout the world. In the United States alone, chronic pain accounts for an estimated $61 billion a year in lost work productivity and is the leading cause of disability and reduced quality of life in the working population. Treatment of pain is therefore an important and active area of research. For each new treatment modality or drug developed, quantitative evaluation is necessary to judge its efficacy and optimal target population. Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) provides a standardized and quantifiable methodology to study pain sensitivity in humans. A QST protocol describes a series of noxious and nonnoxious stimuli (e.g., heat, pressure, or electrical) delivered to a patient, and a semi-objective method for the patient to rate their perception of each stimulus. Using this information, clinicians are able estimate the level of a patient’s pain sensitivity. This information can be used in the diagnosis of the pain source, the prediction of future pain occurrence, or the assessment of treatment efficacy. In traditional QST, fairly rudimentary devices have been used to deliver stimuli, such as manual dolorimeters or von Frey filaments; however, these methods suffer from inaccuracies primarily due to their operator dependence. More sophisticated QST devices that are also available are large and difficult to use, thus limiting their clinical applicability. This paper presents the motivation, design, and evaluation of a novel pressure-type QST system termed the multimodal automated sensory testing (MAST) system. The system’s primary benefit is that it significantly reduces operator based experimental variability by automatically delivering stimuli and prompting the patient for feedback. In addition, its small size and ease of use allow it to be used clinically at the point-of-care. We present encouraging results illustrating that the MAST system offers reduced experimental variability and is able to discriminate between healthy human subjects and those with chronic pain. The advantages of using this type of device in clinical research will be highlighted with additional data showing that this system permits evaluation of response variability and tissue characteristics previously hidden in the measurement “noise” of current pressure-type QST systems.
A Robust Technique for Unambiguous BOC Tracking (2014)

The GPS M-Code, Galileo PRS Service, and Galileo Open Service on E1 use a Binary Offset Carrier modulation. The autocorrelation function of a BOC signal has multiple peaks. The main peak of the ACF is much narrower than the peak of the corresponding BPSK signal, which offers the potential for increased tracking accuracy and better multipath resistance. On the other hand, a tracking loop can lock to a side peak of the correlation function instead of the main peak, leading to systematic errors in the pseudorange measurements. In this paper, a new approach for tracking BOC signals is proposed: Ambiguous, accurate delay estimates and unambiguous, less accurate delay estimates are used to calculate a float position solution, and float sub-carrier ambiguities. Then, the LAMBDA method – typically used to fix the integer ambiguities of carrier phase measurements – is used to fix the sub-carrier ambiguities, which are then used to calculate the final position solution. First simulation results illustrate the potential of this technique. Copyright © 2014 Institute of Navigation.
Association between DNA methylation of HSPB1 and death in low Gleason score prostate cancer (2012)

Our data indicate CpG methylation of the first HSPB1 intron to be an important biomarker that identifies aggressive PCas otherwise regarded as low risk by current clinical criteria but that, biologically, require immediate active management.
Disparity vector based advanced inter-view prediction in 3D-HEVC (2013)

Coding multiview video content often benefits significantly from disparity compensation. More advanced inter-view predictions, to predict e.g., motion vectors and residues among views require disparity vector to identify blocks in different views corresponding to the same objects. Block-level disparity vectors in typically approaches are either transmitted thus with additional overhead, or predicted with sophisticated algorithms. This paper describes a new method to derive disparity vectors, based on which advanced inter-view predictions can be better supported. The proposed method derives a disparity vector of a block only from spatial and temporal neighboring blocks. It was implemented and adopted into the 3D-HEVC codec, which is currently developed by Joint Collaborative Team on 3D Video coding development (JCT-3V). Experimental results show that with the proposed method, advanced inter-view prediction in 3D-HEVC provides in average 5.2% bitrate saving of the overall bitrate, for multiview video coding.
Abrogation of donor T-cell IL-21 signaling leads to tissue-specific modulation of immunity and separation of GVHD from GVL (2011)

IL-21 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by Th17 cells. Abrogation of IL-21 signaling has recently been shown to reduce GVHD while retaining graft-versus-leukemia/lymphoma (GVL) responses. However, the mechanisms by which IL-21 may lead to a separation of GVHD and GVL remain incompletely understood. In a murine MHC-mismatched BM transplantation model, we observed that IL-21 receptor knockout (IL-21R KO) donor T cells mediate decreased systemic and gastrointestinal GVHD in recipients of a transplant. This reduction in GVHD was associated with expansion of transplanted donor regulatory T cells and with tissue-specific modulation of Th-cell function. IL-21R KO and wild-type donor T cells showed equivalent alloactivation, but IL-21R KO T cells showed decreased infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production within the mesenteric lymph nodes. However, Th-cell cytokine production was maintained peripherally, and IL-21R KO T cells mediated equivalent immunity against A20 and P815 hematopoietic tumors. In summary, abrogation of IL-21 signaling in donor T cells leads to tissue-specific modulation of immunity, such that gastrointestinal GVHD is reduced, but peripheral T-cell function and GVL capacity are retained. IL-21 is thus an exciting target for therapeutic intervention and improvement of clinical transplantation outcomes.
Fluxon insertion into annular Josephson junctions (2002)

A technique of inserting magnetic fluxons into annular Josephson junctions is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The method is based on local injection of current into one of the superconducting electrodes of the junction. The residual pinning of fluxons in the junction can be eliminated by choosing an appropriate injection current, which depends on the spacing between the injectors. The reported technique resolves the long-standing problem of a controlled preparation of fluxon states in annular Josephson junctions and can be used in various fluxon devices.
Discovery of a Small Molecule Probe That Post-Translationally Stabilizes the Survival Motor Neuron Protein for the Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2017)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant death. We previously developed a high-throughput assay that employs an SMN2-luciferase reporter allowing identification of compounds that act transcriptionally, enhance exon recognition, or stabilize the SMN protein. We describe optimization and characterization of an analog suitable for in vivo testing. Initially, we identified analog 4m that had good in vitro properties but low plasma and brain exposure in a mouse PK experiment due to short plasma stability; this was overcome by reversing the amide bond and changing the heterocycle. Thiazole 27 showed excellent in vitro properties and a promising mouse PK profile, making it suitable for in vivo testing. This series post-translationally stabilizes the SMN protein, unrelated to global proteasome or autophagy inhibition, revealing a novel therapeutic mechanism that should complement other modalities for treatment of SMA.
Non-invasive Technology for Monitoring of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation (2008)

New non-invasive ultrasonic technology for CA monitoring has been created which uses both intracranial slow wave and respiratory wave methodologies. The technology provides information about the intracranial blood volume dynamics in the smallest vessels responsible for cerebral blood flow autoregulation – small arterial vessels and arterioles. The clinical study shows that the non-invasive technology could be applied for continuous monitoring of CA by using slow intracranial wave or intracranial respiratory wave methodologies.
Single‐cell‐gap transflective liquid‐crystal display using double‐ and single‐mode approaches (2008)

Abstract— In this paper, many popular methods to study transflective liquid‐crystal‐displays (LCDs) have been discussed, and several new transflective LCD configurations with a single‐cell gap have been proposed. The traditional double‐cell‐gap method gives the best match of the transmittance/reflectance voltage curve (TVC/RVC) and also the widest viewing angle, but also brings the highest fabrication complexity. The single‐cell‐gap transflective LCD is much easier to fabricate and also shows a good match of TVC/RVC. A new methodology has been shown to find optimal configurations for single‐cell‐gap transflective LCDs. New configurations using multimode in a single pixel include twisted nematic (TN) optically compensated bend (OCB), TN electrically controlled birefringence (ECB), and TN low‐twisted nematic (LTN). TN and hybrid‐aligned nematic (HAN) modes have been investigated for single‐mode transflective LCDs. The results exhibit high contrast ratio, a good match of TVC/RVC, as well as wide viewing angle.
The Design of Inhibitors for Medicinally Relevant Metalloproteins (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Process for synthesizing compounds from elemental powders (1990)

A process for synthesizing intermetallic compounds from elemental powders. The elemental powders are initially combined in ratio a which approximates the stoichiometric composition of the intermetallic compound. The mixed powders are then formed into a compact which is heat treated at a controlled rate of heating such that an exothermic reaction between the elements is initiated. The heat treatment may be performed under controlled conditions ranging from a vacuum (pressureless sintering) to compression (hot pressing) to produce a desired densification of the intermetallic compound. In a preferred form of the invention, elemental powders of Fe and Al are combined to form aluminide compounds of Fe{sub 3}Al and FeAl.
Catalytic Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis in Natural Product Synthesis. Chiral Metal‐Based Complexes that Deliver High Enantioselectivity and More (2009)

Chiral olefin metathesis catalysts enable chemists to access enantiomerically enriched small molecules with high efficiency; synthesis schemes involving such complexes can be substantially more concise than those that would involve enantiomerically pure substrates and achiral Mo alkylidenes or Ru-based carbenes. The scope of research towards design and development of chiral catalysts is not limited to discovery of complexes that are merely the chiral versions of the related achiral variants. A chiral olefin metathesis catalyst, in addition to furnishing products of high enantiomeric purity, can offer levels of efficiency, product selectivity and/or olefin stereoselectivity that are unavailable through the achiral variants. Such positive attributes of chiral catalysts (whether utilized in racemic or enantiomerically enriched form) should be considered as general, applicable to other classes of transformations.
Online Embedding Compression for Text Classification using Low Rank\n Matrix Factorization (2018)

Deep learning models have become state of the art for natural language\nprocessing (NLP) tasks, however deploying these models in production system\nposes significant memory constraints. Existing compression methods are either\nlossy or introduce significant latency. We propose a compression method that\nleverages low rank matrix factorization during training,to compress the word\nembedding layer which represents the size bottleneck for most NLP models. Our\nmodels are trained, compressed and then further re-trained on the downstream\ntask to recover accuracy while maintaining the reduced size. Empirically, we\nshow that the proposed method can achieve 90% compression with minimal impact\nin accuracy for sentence classification tasks, and outperforms alternative\nmethods like fixed-point quantization or offline word embedding compression. We\nalso analyze the inference time and storage space for our method through FLOP\ncalculations, showing that we can compress DNN models by a configurable ratio\nand regain accuracy loss without introducing additional latency compared to\nfixed point quantization. Finally, we introduce a novel learning rate schedule,\nthe Cyclically Annealed Learning Rate (CALR), which we empirically demonstrate\nto outperform other popular adaptive learning rate algorithms on a sentence\nclassification benchmark.\n
Scalable indexing for layout based document retrieval and ranking (2010)

In this paper we propose a schema for querying large documents collections by document layout. We develop a model of layout indexing of a collection adapted for the quick retrieval of top k relevant documents. Fort the sake of scalability, we avoid a direct evaluation of the similarity between a query and each document in the collection; their similarity is instead approximated by the similarity between their projections on the set of representative blocks which are inferred from the collection on the indexed step. The technique also proposes new functions for the relevance ranking and the cluster pruning that ensure a scalable retrieval and ranking.
Electroconvergent Cautery (1994)

A new cautery system known as the electroconvergent cautery system is described. This cautery system uses a radiofrequency current of 13.56 MHz. The current is passed through an amplifier, an impedance matching system, and a loading and tuning coil into a probe. After the probe tip is touched to the tissue, the mismatch of impedance between the probe tip and the generator is minimized to almost zero, resulting in high-current density at the probe tip, which causes pinpoint heating of the tissue at the point where it is touched by the probe without spread of heat to the surrounding tissue. This heat can cut and vaporize tissue and coagulate vessels. The probe can also be used to coagulate vessels with standard surgical forceps. Because convergence of energy is used for tissue heating, a grounding pad is not needed. The system can also be used under cerebrospinal fluid or saline.
Novel Pneumocystis Antigen Discovery Using Fungal Surface Proteomics (2014)

Pneumonia due to the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii is a life-threatening infection that occurs in immunocompromised patients. The inability to culture the organism as well as the lack of an annotated genome has hindered antigen discovery that could be useful in developing novel vaccine- or antibody-based therapies as well as diagnostics for this infection. Here we report a novel method of surface proteomics analysis of Pneumocystis murina that reliably detected putative surface proteins that are conserved in Pneumocystis jirovecii. This technique identified novel CD4(+) T-cell epitopes as well as a novel B-cell epitope, Meu10, which encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein thought to be involved in ascospore assembly. The described technique should facilitate the discovery of novel target proteins for diagnostics and therapeutics for Pneumocystis infection.
Arrays of Flip-Chip Mounted, Surface-Illuminated, Crystalline-Organic Optoelectronic Modulators on Glass Substrates (1995)

Thin films of organic molecular crystals are promising optoelectronic materials. Some of these crystalline organic materials can have very high optical nonlinearities. Conventional optoelectronic devices are usually formed on crystalline semiconductor substrates such as GaAs, InP or silicon which have a good lattice match with the optoelectronic material. In contrast, by using the ultrahigh vacuum process of organic molecular-beam deposition (OMBD), the crystalline organic materials can be deposited on highly lattice-mismatched substrates without generating defects. 1 Thus, devices can potentially be fabricated on a variety of substrates such as glasses, semiconductors, ceramics and polymers. This feature enables selection of the substrate to be based on considerations such as microwave or thermal properties, manufacturability or cost rather than being limited by the substrate’s lattice match. Furthermore, it opens the door to a variety of new applications that require conformally embedded optoelectronic modules or large-area sheets of optoelectronic devices.
Fairing of non-manifold models (2000)

The concept of fairing applied to irregular triangular meshes has become more and more important. Previous contributions constructed better fairing operators, and applied them both to multiresolution editing tools and to multiresolution representations of meshes. In this paper, we generalize these powerful techniques to handle non-manifold models. Our framework computes a multilevel fairing of models by fairing both the two-manifold surfaces that define the model, the so-called two-features, and all the boundary and intersection curves of the model, the so-called one features. In addition we introduce two extensions that can be used in our framework as well as in manifold fairing concepts: an exact local volume preservation strategy and a method for feature preservation. Our framework works with any of the manifold fairing operators for meshes.
Fractal Shaped Antennas: A Review (2005)

Abstract The combination of fractal geometry with electromagnetic theory opens an interesting window for research to find new antenna designs and applications. Fractal technology applications can be divided into six main groups: (1) multifrequency antenna elements, frequency‐selective surfaces, and arrays; (2) electrically small antennas; (3) high‐directivity radiating elements; (4) low‐sidelobe arrays; (5) undersampled arrays; and (6) fast computational methods. This article reviews most of the work done in the fractal technology field covering the last six fields.
Surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal electro-optic waveguide switch (1990)

We demonstrate control of the optical coupling between a pair of planar waveguides by application of voltage to surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal films between them. A prototype switch exhibited a response time of 200 μs and a 40:1 switching ratio.
Design and performance evaluation of a novel 6/10 Switched Reluctance Machine (2009)

With an increasing need for energy-efficient automation, majority of applications have sought after innovative solutions that can deliver high-grade performance over a wide range of speeds and can operate under harsh operating conditions. Propulsion and generation systems for vehicular, aerospace, and military applications are some of the typical areas that resent such demands for electric machines. Switched reluctance machines (SRM) fit these requirements, but have often been viewed a noisy alternative with a need to increase efficiency. Conventional applications for the SRM consider geometries in which the number of stator poles is higher than the number of rotor poles. This paper presents a novel set of topologies for the SRM, which have not been explored. Design of the stator-rotor configuration with N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> rotor poles and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> stator poles is given by a novel pole design (PD) relationship expressed as N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> = 2N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> - 2. Such stator and rotor pole combinations provide SRM designs with minimal torque ripple and better efficiency with comparable thermally rated torque and power densities while also being inherently less expensive for high volume production commensurate with many applications. The concept has been analyzed, simulated, and experimentally verified. Parameters such as thermal performance, torque ripple, efficiency, and power density have been evaluated.
Multi-class active learning for image classification (2009)

One of the principal bottlenecks in applying learning techniques to classification problems is the large amount of labeled training data required. Especially for images and video, providing training data is very expensive in terms of human time and effort. In this paper we propose an active learning approach to tackle the problem. Instead of passively accepting random training examples, the active learning algorithm iteratively selects unlabeled examples for the user to label, so that human effort is focused on labeling the most “useful” examples. Our method relies on the idea of uncertainty sampling, in which the algorithm selects unlabeled examples that it finds hardest to classify. Specifically, we propose an uncertainty measure that generalizes margin-based uncertainty to the multi-class case and is easy to compute, so that active learning can handle a large number of classes and large data sizes efficiently. We demonstrate results for letter and digit recognition on datasets from the UCI repository, object recognition results on the Caltech-101 dataset, and scene categorization results on a dataset of 13 natural scene categories. The proposed method gives large reductions in the number of training examples required over random selection to achieve similar classification accuracy, with little computational overhead.
DigiMetro - an application-level multicast system for multi-party video conferencing (2005)

The increasing demand for multi-party videoconferencing has aroused the research interest in the underlying multicast support. In this paper, we propose DigiMetro, an application-level multicast system tailored to small and impromptu videoconferencing. Breaking through the conventional wisdom to use shared overlay to handle multiple data sources, DigiMetro organizes the data delivery routes as source-specific trees, which are first constructed by a local greedy algorithm and then gradually improved by a global refinement procedure. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate the efficiency of both algorithms. Moreover, DigiMetro is able to handle different video bit rates and provide different services over voice/video streams.
Meniscus-Mask Lithography for Narrow Graphene Nanoribbons (2013)

Described here is a planar top-down method for the fabrication of precisely positioned very narrow (sub-10 nm), high aspect ratio (>2000) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) from graphene sheets, which we call meniscus-mask lithography (MML). The method does not require demanding high-resolution lithography tools. The mechanism involves masking by atmospheric water adsorbed at the edge of the lithography pattern written on top of the target material. The GNR electronic properties depend on the graphene etching method, with argon reactive ion etching yielding remarkably consistent results. The influence of the most common substrates (Si/SiO2 and boron nitride) on the electronic properties of GNRs is demonstrated. The technique is also shown to be applicable for fabrication of narrow metallic wires, underscoring the generality of MML for narrow features on diverse materials.