gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadly-tunable external cavity quantum-cascade lasers (2005)

External cavity quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) emitting in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) around 10 μm and in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) around 5.2 μm have been realized. The coupling facet of the QC chips was anti-reflection coated and the optical feedback was provided by a diffraction grating arranged in a Littrow configuration. The active regions of the gain elements were based on bound-to-continuum designs having broad gain curves (Approx = to 300 cm<sup>-1</sup> full width at half maximum). The LWIR laser was operated in pulsed mode on a thermoelectric (TE) cooler. It could be tuned over a frequency range of 150 cm<sup>-1</sup> from 9.1 to 10.55 μm with a peak power ⩾ 30 mW. The MWIR laser was operated in continuous-wave (CW) mode on a TE cooler. It could be tuned over more than 170 cm<sup>-1</sup> from 4.95 to 5.4 μm and was single-mode over more than 140 cm<sup>-1</sup>. Its output power was in excess of 5 mW over 130 cm<sup>-1</sup>. This broad tunability (10 times more than that of distributed-feedback QCLs) enables new applications of QCLs in high-resolution infrared spectroscopy.
A case against routing-integrated time synchronization (2010)

To achieve more accurate global time synchronization, this paper argues for decoupling the clock distribution network from the routing tree in a multihop wireless network. We find that both flooding and routing-integrated time synchronization rapidly propagate node-level errors (typically due to temperature fluctuations) across the network. Therefore, we propose that a node chooses synchronization neighbors that offer the greatest frequency stability. We propose two methods to estimate a neighbor's stability. The first approach selects the neighbor whose Frequency Error Variance, or simply FEV, is smallest with respect to the local clock. The second approach selects the neighbor that reports the lowest FEV relative to its synchronization parent. We also propose the node-level time-variance FEV as an additive metric for selecting more stable clock trees than either naive flooding or routing-integrated time synchronization can provide. We incorporate these techniques into FTSP, a widely-used time synchronization protocol, and show that the mean error in global time significantly improved (by a factor of five) when some nodes are warmed and others are not.
Quantum stream cipher by the Yuen 2000 protocol: Design and experiment by an intensity-modulation scheme (2005)

We investigate the Yuen 2000 (so-called Y-00)-protocol, which can realize a randomized stream cipher with high bit rate (Gbit/s) for long distances (several hundreds km). The randomized stream cipher with randomization by quantum noise based on the Y-00 protocol is called a quantum stream cipher in this paper, and it may have security against known plaintext attacks which has no analog with any conventional symmetric key ciphers. We present a simple cryptanalysis based on an attacker's heterodyne measurement and a quantum unambiguous measurement to make clear the strength of the Y-00 protocol in real communication. In addition, we give a design for the implementation of an intensity-modulation scheme and report an experimental demonstration of $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Gbit}∕\mathrm{s}$ quantum stream cipher through a $20\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{km}$-long transmission line.
Synchrocyclotron Preliminary Design for a Dual Hadrontherapy Center (2010)

Hadrontherapy, the technique of tumor radiotherapy employing heavy ion beams, is developing rapidly(*). The TERA Foundation proposes an innovative dedicated accelerator, called Cyclinac(**). It is composed of a 230 MeV/u cyclotron providing fast pulsed beams of H²⁺, for proton therapy with standard techniques, or C⁶⁺, injected into a high gradient linac. Its energy can thus be modulated from pulse to pulse (up to 400 MeV/u), for optimal irradiation of solid tumors with the most modern techniques of dose active spreading. A preliminary design of a superconducting synchrocyclotron for this application is presented. Its advantages are the reduced construction and operating costs (small magnet and low RF power consumption), and the good adaptation of its beam characteristics to therapy (low current and fast repetition rate). The magnet features a central field of 5 T, which has azimuthal symmetry and decreases with the radius, ensuring radial and vertical focusing. The weight is around 300 t. Ions are produced in an EBIS, injected axially and resonantly extracted at 1 m radius. The RF is mechanically modulated by a rotating capacitor, providing the required 400 Hz repetition rate.
Rapid Automated Combined<i>In Situ</i>Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry for Sensitive Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Biopsies (1996)

The authors questioned whether an automated kinetic mode assay of combined cytomegalovirus (CMV) late viral message and immediate and early antigens might result in a more sensitive and timely CMV diagnosis relevant to speedy treatment in the transplant setting. Toward this end, two cohorts were studied using automated in situ hybridization (ISH) for CMV as well as immunohistochemistry (IHC). The first cohort of patients consisted of 19 cases that were histologically positive (CMV-associated cytopathic change). A second cohort consisted of 10 cases that were histologically negative, yet culture positive. From the first cohort of histologically positive cases, 100% were positive by both ISH and IHC run on separate slides. In the second cohort, CMV was detected overall in 70% of cases (50% by ISH alone and 30% by IHC alone). These results indicate that a combined assay of ISH and IHC can detect more cases than routine hematoxylin and eosin staining or either assay alone. In two illustrative cases, used to demonstrate the feasibility of combining ISH and IHC, the authors used a combined two-color assay (ISH and IHC) performed sequentially on the same slide. The combined assays resulted in colocalized single cell message and protein in some cells and demonstrated more positive cells overall (some positive by IHC alone, some by ISH alone, and some by both) than either assay alone. The combined dual color assay can be completed within 4 to 5 hours giving the prospect of a same day result, which is faster than shell vial technique with immunofluorescence (24 to 48 hours) or culture (7 to 14 days). This study demonstrates that combining CMV message and protein assays results in a more sensitive assay and, when carried out in the kinetic mode, allows a speedy result relevant to early anti-CMV therapy.
Artificial neural networks : proceedings of the 1991 International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN-91), Espoo, Finland, 24-28 June, 1991 (1991)

Volume 1. Mathematical Theories of Networks and Dynamical Systems. Pattern Recognition and Signal Processing I. Physics Connection. Neural Network Architectures and Algorithms I. Artificial Associative Memories. Robotics and Control. Self-Organization and Vector Quantization. Neural Knowledge Data Bases and Non-rule-based Decision Making. Biological and Physiological Connection. Software Development. Neural Network Architectures and Algorithms II. Hardware Implementations. Pattern Recognition and Signal Processing II. Commercial and Industrial Applications. Neural Models for Cognitive Science and High-Level Brain Functions. Neural Network Architectures and Algorithms III. Volume 2. Plenary Talks. Mathematical Theories of Networks and Dynamical Systems. Pattern Recognition and Signal Processing I. Physics Connection. Neural Network Architectures and Algorithms I. Artificial Associative Memories. Robotics and Control. Self-Organization and Vector Quantization. Neural Knowledge Data Bases and Non-rule-based Decision Making. Biological and Physiological Connection. Software Development. Neural Network Architectures and Algorithms II. Hardware Implementations. Pattern Recognition and Signal Processing II. Commercial and Industrial Applications. Neural Models for Cognitive Science and High-Level Brain Functions. Neural Network Architectures and Algorithms III. Author Index .
Dynamic Control and Performance of an Isolated Dual-Active-Bridge DC-DC Converter (2016)

This paper presents dynamic analysis and control of an isolated dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter. Conventional control methods for the DAB converter may cause dc offsets in both inductor current and transformer magnetizing current in transient states. The dc offset in the inductor current introduces an excessive peak current through the switching devices. The dc offset in the magnetizing current cannot be neglected and may induce magnetic flux saturation. Conventional phase-shift control methods simultaneously turn on and off the diagonal switches in each H-bridge converter to produce a square-wave voltage with a 50% duty ratio. In contrast, the proposed method independently controls the diagonal switches to modify the duty ratios in transient states. The theoretical analysis derives the requirements of the switching angles for eliminating dc offsets in both inductor and magnetizing currents with a settling time as short as half a switching period. The results of experiments using a 5-kW, 20-kHz experimental system verify the validity of the proposed control method.
Diagnostic Testing for 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Hospitalized Patients (2009)

Establishing a diagnosis of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in hospitalized patients can be challenging, especially in patients presenting late in their clinical course. Although real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most sensitive testing method to detect 2009 H1N1 virus in respiratory specimens,1 results are not accessible right away. Influenza antigen–detection tests produce quick results, but reported sensitivities of rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) to detect 2009 H1N1 virus infection in upper respiratory specimens as compared with real-time RT-PCR range from 10 to 70%; therefore, false negative RIDT results are common2 and also occur with direct . . .
Embedded Streaming Deep Neural Networks Accelerator With Applications (2016)

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have become a very powerful tool in visual perception. DCNNs have applications in autonomous robots, security systems, mobile phones, and automobiles, where high throughput of the feedforward evaluation phase and power efficiency are important. Because of this increased usage, many field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based accelerators have been proposed. In this paper, we present an optimized streaming method for DCNNs' hardware accelerator on an embedded platform. The streaming method acts as a compiler, transforming a high-level representation of DCNNs into operation codes to execute applications in a hardware accelerator. The proposed method utilizes maximum computational resources available based on a novel-scheduled routing topology that combines data reuse and data concatenation. It is tested with a hardware accelerator implemented on the Xilinx Kintex-7 XC7K325T FPGA. The system fully explores weight-level and node-level parallelizations of DCNNs and achieves a peak performance of 247 G-ops while consuming less than 4 W of power. We test our system with applications on object classification and object detection in real-world scenarios. Our results indicate high-performance efficiency, outperforming all other presented platforms while running these applications.
Composition and subunit structure of the cell receptor for immunoglobulin E. (1980)

The principal surface glycoprotein which specifically binds immunoglobulin E was isolated from rat basophilic leukemia cells in sufficient amounts for compositional and end group analyses. The protein has about 30% carbohydrate and a relatively low content of hydrophobic amino acid residues. No NH2-terminal residue was found by standard methods. The data suggest a Mr approximately equal to 50,000. The latter value is calculated on the basis of 1 molecule of receptor binding 1 molecule of immunoglobulin E. New data confirmed this valence. We propose a provisional model in which the principal component which binds immunoglobulin E is a monomer which, in cells and in nondenaturing solvents, is associated in a 1:1 ratio with the polypeptide of Mr approximately equal to 30,000 recently defined by studies employing cross-linking reagents.
Dynamic manipulability of robot manipulators (2005)

The concept of dynamic manipulability measure of robot arms is proposed as a quantitative measure of their manipulating ability in positioning and orienting the end-effectors, which takes the arm dynamics into consideration. This measure is defined on the basis of the relation between the joint driving force and the acceleration of the end-effector. Some properties of the measure are established. A two-joint link mechanism is analyzed and its best posture is obtained under certain condition from the viewpoint of this measure. A numerical example is also given to illustrate the utilization of this concept for the design of robot manipulators.
Peptide Dendrimers Based on Polyproline Helices (2002)

We present a new family of peptide dendrimers based on polyproline helices and cis-4-amino-L-proline as a branching unit. Dendrimers were synthesized by a convergent solid-phase peptide synthesis approach. The conformational transition between polyproline type I helix and polyproline type II helix was observed by circular dichroism in branched polyproline building blocks with more than 14 proline residues and in the resulting dendrimers. Both linear and dendritic polyprolines were found to be actively internalized by rat kidney cells. Preliminary results show that the antibiotic ciprofloxacin form complexes with branched polyproline chains in 99.5% propanol.
ChemInform Abstract: A LIPOPHILIC DERIVATIVE OF VITAMIN B12 AS A SELECTIVE CARRIER FOR ANIONS (1984)

Abstract Eine Aufnahme des lipophilen Co(III)‐cobyrinat‐octadecylcobesters′(Ia) und seines ionischen Aquocyano‐perchlorat‐Derivats (Ib) in Polyvinylchlorid/Bis‐[l‐butylpentyl]‐adipat‐Flüssigmembranen induziert eine potentiometrisch bestimmte Selektivität von ca. l0′ für SCN ‐ und N02′ sowie von ca. 4 für C10; gegenüber Cl".
Integration and design issues in combining very-high-speed silicon-germanium bipolar transistors and ULSI CMOS for system-on-a-chip applications (2003)

In the last decade, silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) BICMOS technology has developed from being a lab curiosity to becoming a production manufacturing technology that replaces and extends the performance of silicon-based BICMOS technology. The impetus for this development has been the insatiable requirement for bandwidth in network communication at speeds up to 40 Gbit/s and the rapid growth of the global cellular and wireless LAN markets. To meet the stringent criteria of many of these communications protocols, SiGe technology offers a cost-effective system-level solution compared to gallium-arsenide and other approaches. This paper will focus on integration, manufacturing and design issues in SiGe BICMOS circuits and systems, based on 15 years of work in our labs and fabs, and 4 generations of scaling CMOS-compatible SiGe, with concrete examples.
Analysis of p53 expression in human tumours: an antibody raised against human p53 expressed in <i>Escherichia</i> coli (1992)

A cDNA encoding the complete normal human p53 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli using an expression system based on the bacteriophage T7 promoter. The cDNA was adapted so that the full-length protein was produced without fusion to any other sequence. Large amounts of the protein were isolated and the purified protein used to produce very high titre polyclonal antibodies to p53. These new antibodies permit the sensitive detection of p53 and p53 complexes in ELISA and immunoblotting assays. Most importantly, they also permit the detection of p53 in archival tumour material that has been conventionally fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin wax. Using this reagent we have found that aberrant expression of p53 is a frequent feature of human breast cancer. We are able to recognise six different classes of p53 expression pattern that may be of help in the subclassification of breast tumours.
Ethical and legal issues in psychedelic harm reduction and integration therapy (2021)

Psychedelic-assisted therapy may represent an upcoming paradigm shift in the treatment of mental health problems as recent clinical trials have demonstrated strong evidence of their therapeutic benefits. While psychedelics are currently prohibited substances in most countries, the growing popularity of their therapeutic potential is leading many people to use psychedelics on their own rather than waiting for legal medical access. Therapists therefore have an ethical duty to meet this need by providing support for clients using psychedelics. However, incorporating psychedelics into traditional psychotherapy poses some risk given their prohibited status and many therapists are unsure of how they might practice in this area. This paper explicates such risks and describes ways in which therapists can mitigate them and strive to practice within legal and ethical boundaries. A harm reduction approach will be emphasized as a useful framework for conducting therapy around clients' use of psychedelics. It is argued that therapists can meet with clients before and after their own personal psychedelic experiences in order to help clients minimize risk and maximize benefit. Common clinical scenarios in this growing clinical area will also be discussed.
Copper(I)-binding properties of de-coppering drugs for the treatment of Wilson disease. α-Lipoic acid as a potential anti-copper agent (2018)

Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the P-type copper ATPase, ATP7B, which leads to toxic accumulation of copper mainly in the liver and brain. Wilson disease is treatable, primarily by copper-chelation therapy, which promotes copper excretion. Although several de-coppering drugs are currently available, their Cu(I)-binding affinities have not been quantitatively characterized. Here we determined the Cu(I)-binding affinities of five major de-coppering drugs - D-penicillamine, trientine, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinate and tetrathiomolybdate - by exploring their ability to extract Cu(I) ions from two Cu(I)-binding proteins, the copper chaperone for cytochrome c oxidase, Cox17, and metallothionein. We report that the Cu(I)-binding affinity of these drugs varies by four orders of magnitude and correlates positively with the number of sulfur atoms in the drug molecule and negatively with the number of atoms separating two SH groups. Based on the analysis of structure-activity relationship and determined Cu(I)-binding affinity, we hypothesize that the endogenous biologically active substance, α-lipoic acid, may be suitable for the treatment of Wilson disease. Our hypothesis is supported by cell culture experiments where α-lipoic acid protected hepatic cells from copper toxicity. These results provide a basis for elaboration of new generation drugs that may provide better therapeutic outcomes.
In <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, the RNA-Binding Domains of the Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element Binding Protein FOG-1 Are Needed to Regulate Germ Cell Fates (2001)

FOG-1 controls germ cell fates in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Sequence analyses revealed that FOG-1 is a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) protein; similar proteins from other species have been shown to bind messenger RNAs and regulate their translation. Our analyses of fog-1 mutations indicate that each of the three RNA-binding domains of FOG-1 is essential for activity. In addition, biochemical tests show that FOG-1 is capable of binding RNA sequences in the 3'-untranslated region of its own message. Finally, genetic assays reveal that fog-1 functions zygotically, that the small fog-1 transcript has no detectable function, and that missense mutations in fog-1 cause a dominant negative phenotype. This last observation suggests that FOG-1 acts in a complex, or as a multimer, to regulate translation. On the basis of these data, we propose that FOG-1 binds RNA to regulate germ cell fates and that it does so by controlling the translation of its targets. One of these targets might be the fog-1 transcript itself.
Investigation of the Intrinsic Spatial Resolution of an Intensified EMCCD Scintillation Camera (2008)

In this paper, we present an experimental and Monte Carlo investigation of the intrinsic spatial resolution that can be achieved with the intensified electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (I-EMCCD) gamma camera [1]-[4]. This detector has a very low readout noise, an ultra-high spatial resolution and a large active area of ~ 80 mm diameter, which is well-suited for small animal imaging applications. The intrinsic detector resolutions achieved with different scintillators and under different experimental conditions were compared. In this study, the simple centroiding method was compared with two model-fitting approaches for finding the locations of gamma ray interactions. The results from Monte Carlo simulation have demonstrated that with an appropriate detector configuration, it is possible to achieve an intrinsic resolution of ~ 30 µm FWHM for detecting 27-35 keV gamma rays. The I-EMCCD scintillation camera offers a promising candidate for future ultra-high resolution SPECT imaging applications.
A Logic File System. (2003)

On the one hand, hierarchical organizations are rigid in the sense that there is only one path to each document. On the other hand, keyword-based search is flexible be-cause many sets of keywords may lead to the same doc-ument, but it lacks a navigation mechanism. We present the new paradigm of a logic file system, which integrates navigation and classification, and the possibility of ex-pressive queries. This paradigm associates logical de-scriptions to files, and logical deduction serves as a ba-sis for navigation and querying; paths are formulas. A key notion is the extension of a logical formula: i.e., the set of all files whose description satisfies the formula. The root directory is determined by formula , and sub-directories of a directory are determined by formulas whose extension strictly intersects the directory exten-sion. This gives a logical ground for considering naviga-tion as computing relevant hints to help refining a query. A prototype implementation demonstrates encouraging performances. 1
A Novel Diruthenium Acetylide Donor Complex as an Unusual Active Material for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2011)

A new dinuclear Ru(II) complex where two Ru atoms are separated by a bridge consisting of a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole acceptor moiety flanked on either side by 2,5-thienyl donor units was synthesized. This rather simple complex appears to behave as a photoactive donor when blended with a fullerene as acceptor, thus being a first step toward novel bulk heterojunction solar cells, based on Ru donor systems.
Correction: The Niche Factor Syndecan-1 Regulates the Maintenance and Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells during Mammalian Cortical Development (2012)

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) divide and differentiate in a precisely regulated manner over time to achieve the remarkable expansion and assembly of the layered mammalian cerebral cortex. Both intrinsic signaling pathways and environmental factors control the behavior of NPCs during cortical development. Heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) are critical environmental regulators that help modulate and integrate environmental cues and downstream intracellular signals.
Sampling search-engine results (2005)

We consider the problem of efficiently sampling Web search engine query results. In turn, using a small random sample instead of the full set of results leads to efficient approximate algorithms for several applications, such as: