gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decisional deprivation among senior staff in secondary schools (1988)

A survey of secondary school deputy heads and heads of science departments indicates that, despite the trend towards participative school management in recent years, there remain important areas of decisional deprivation common to both groups and that these centre on school finance. The areas of decisional deprivation and equil‐ibruim, however, are not apparently related to the management priorities of either group. A strategy is proposed, based on careful and detailed task definition, aimed at both reducing deprivation and enabling deputies and heads of department to play an even more effective part in school management than currently, suggesting that their management priorities, and those of their heads, require adjustment.
A Major Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hong Kong (2003)

SARS is a serious respiratory illness that led to significant morbidity and mortality in our cohort.
DABCO-Catalyzed Michael/Alkylation Cascade Reactions Involving α-Substituted Ammonium Ylides for the Construction of Spirocyclopropyl Oxindoles: Access to the Powerful Chemical Leads against HIV-1 (2020)

A novel Michael/alkylation cascade reaction of <i>N</i>-unprotected 3-bromooxindoles with α,β-unsaturated acyl phosphonates using DABCO as a robust catalyst followed by the derivatization of the acyl phosphonate intermediates <i>in situ</i> has been developed. This scenario enables rapid access to a diverse set of highly functionalized spirocyclopropyl oxindoles in moderate yields with good to excellent diastereoselectivities, which are analogues of a high active non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor against HIV-1. The synthetic potential of this tactic has been highlighted by a gram-scale reaction and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of the product. Moreover, the reaction mechanism has been tentatively elucidated by control experiments and dynamic high-resolution mass spectrometry studies, which indicates that the Michael/alkylation cascade reaction involves DABCO-derived α-substituted ammonium ylides.
Evolution of Ultramicroporous Adsorptive Structure in Poly(furfuryl alcohol)-Derived Carbogenic Molecular Sieves (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvolution of Ultramicroporous Adsorptive Structure in Poly(furfuryl alcohol)-Derived Carbogenic Molecular SievesRavindra K. Mariwala and Henry C. FoleyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 3, 607–615Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00027a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00027a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views449Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phosphonocarboxylates Can Protect Mice against the Inflammatory and Necrotic Side Effects of Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates by Inhibiting Their Entry into Cells <i>via</i> Phosphate Transporters (2016)

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are used against diseases involving increased bone-resorption. Among BPs, nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs) have much stronger anti-bone-resorptive effects than non-nitrogen-containing BPs (non-N-BPs). However, N-BPs carry the risk of inflammatory/necrotic effects, including osteonecrosis of jawbones. When injected into mouse ear-pinnas, N-BPs induce inflammatory/necrotic effects within the ear-pinna. We previously found that (a) the non-N-BPs clodronate and etidronate can reduce such side effects of N-BPs, and (b) phosphonoformate (an inhibitor of the phosphate transporters SLC20 and SLC34) can reduce the inflammatory/necrotic effects of zoledronate (the N-BP with the highest reported risk of side effects). However, it is not clear (i) whether phosphonoformate can reduce the side effects of other N-BPs, too, and (ii) whether other phosphonocarboxylates have such inhibitory effects. Here, using the mouse ear-pinna model, we compared the effects of etidronate, clodronate, and four phosphonocarboxylates on the inflammatory/necrotic effects of N-BPs of the alkyl type (alendronate) or cyclic type (zoledronate and minodronate). Like phosphonoformate, the other three phosphonocarboxylates protected against the inflammatory/necrotic effects of all the N-BPs. The protective potencies were clodronate>etidronate>phosphonoacetate>phosphonoformate>phosphonopropionate>phosphonobutyrate. With a similar order of potencies, these agents reduced the amount of (3)H-alendronate retained within the ear-pinna after its injection therein. The mRNAs of SLC20 and SLC34 were detected in untreated ear-pinnas. These findings suggest that the inhibition of phosphate transporters by phosphonocarboxylates, as well as by etidronate and clodronate, might be a useful preventive strategy against the side effects of both alkyl- and cyclic-type N-BPs.
Systemic Therapy for Stage IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update (2015)

Purpose Provide evidence-based recommendations updating the 2015 ASCO guideline on systemic therapy for patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The ASCO NSCLC Expert Panel made recommendations based on a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from February 2014 to December 2016 plus the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-Based Care's update of a previous ASCO search. Results This guideline update reflects changes in evidence since the previous guideline update. Fourteen randomized controlled trials provide the evidence base; earlier phase trials also informed recommendation development. Recommendations New or revised recommendations include the following. Regarding first-line treatment for patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma (without positive markers, eg, EGFR/ALK /ROS1), if the patient has high programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, pembrolizumab should be used alone; if the patient has low PD-L1 expression, clinicians should offer standard chemotherapy. All other clinical scenarios follow 2015 recommendations. Regarding second-line treatment in patients who received first-line chemotherapy, without prior immune checkpoint therapy, if NSCLC tumor is positive for PD-L1 expression, clinicians should use single-agent nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab; if tumor has negative or unknown PD-L1 expression, clinicians should use nivolumab or atezolizumab. All immune checkpoint therapy is recommended alone plus in the absence of contraindications. For patients who received a prior first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor, clinicians should offer standard chemotherapy. For patients who cannot receive immune checkpoint inhibitor after chemotherapy, docetaxel is recommended; in patients with nonsquamous NSCLC, pemetrexed is recommended. In patients with a sensitizing EGFR mutation, disease progression after first-line epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, and T790M mutation, osimertinib is recommended; if NSCLC lacks the T790M mutation, then chemotherapy is recommended. Patients with ROS1 gene rearrangement without prior crizotinib may be offered crizotinib, or if they previously received crizotinib, they may be offered chemotherapy.
Multiple Drug Resistance in Cancer Revisited: The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis (2005)

The failure to eradicate cancer may be as fundamental as a misidentification of the target. Current therapies succeed at eliminating bulky disease but often miss a tumor reservoir that is the source of disease recurrence and metastasis. Recent advances in the understanding of tissue development and repair cause us to revisit the process of drug resistance as it applies to oncogenesis and tumor heterogeneity. The cancer stem cell hypothesis states that the cancer-initiating cell is a transformed tissue stem cell, which retains the essential property of self-protection through the activity of multiple drug resistance (MDR) transporters. This resting constitutively drug-resistant cell remains at low frequency among a heterogeneous tumor mass. In the context of this hypothesis, the authors review the discovery of MDR transporters in cancer and normal stem cells and the failure of MDR reversal agents to increase the therapeutic index of substrate antineoplastic agents.
Novel Sites of Expression of Functional Angiotensin II Receptors in the Late Gestation Fetus (1989)

In the adult, the peptide hormone angiotensin II (AII) is primarily known as a regulator of circulatory homeostasis, but recent evidence also suggests a role in cell growth. This study of AII in late gestation rat fetuses revealed the unexpected presence of receptors in skeletal muscle and connective tissue, in addition to those in recognized adult target tissues. The AII receptors in this novel location decreased by 80 percent 1 day after birth and were almost undetectable in the adult. Studies in fetal skin fibroblasts showed that the receptors were coupled to phospholipid breakdown, with concomitant increases in inositol phosphate and cytosolic calcium. The abundance, timing of expression, and unique localization of functional AII receptors in the fetus suggest a role for AII in fetal development.
LncRNA loc285194 is a p53-regulated tumor suppressor (2013)

Protein-coding genes account for only a small part of the human genome, whereas the vast majority of transcripts make up the non-coding RNAs including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs could play a critical role in regulation of cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis as well as cancer progression and metastasis. LncRNA loc285194 was previously shown to be within a tumor suppressor unit in osteosarcoma and to suppress tumor cell growth. However, it is unknown regarding the regulation of loc285194. Moreover, the underlying mechanism by which loc285194 functions as a potential tumor suppressor is elusive. In this study, we show that loc285194 is a p53 transcription target; ectopic expression of loc285194 inhibits tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Through deletion analysis, we identify an active region responsible for tumor cell growth inhibition within exon 4, which harbors two miR-211 binding sites. Importantly, this loc285194-mediated growth inhibition is in part due to specific suppression of miR-211. We further demonstrate a reciprocal repression between loc285194 and miR-211; in contrast to loc285194, miR-211 promotes cell growth. Finally, we detect downregulation of loc285194 in colon cancer specimens by quantitative PCR arrays and in situ hybridization of tissue microarrays. Together, these results suggest that loc285194 is a p53-regulated tumor suppressor, which acts in part through repression of miR-211.
Practical Investigation of Constraints with Graph Views (1999)

Combinatorial problems can be efficiently tackled with constraint programming systems. The main tasks of the development of a constraint-based application are modeling the problem at hand and subsequently implementing that model. Typically, erroneous behavior of a constraint-based application is caused by either the model or the implementation (or both of them). Current constraint programming systems provide limited debugging support for modeling and implementing a problem. This paper proposes the Constraint Investigator, an interactive tool for debugging the model and the implementation of a constraint-based application. In particular, the Investigator is targeted at problems like wrong, void, or partial solutions. A graph metaphor is used to reflect the constraints in the solver and to present them to the user. The paper shows that this metaphor is intuitive and that it scales up to real-life problem sizes. The Constraint Investigator has been implemented in Mozart Oz. It complements other constraint debugging tools as an interactive search tree visualizer, forming the base for an integrated constraint debugging environment.
An enhanced 16nm CMOS technology featuring 2<sup>nd</sup> generation FinFET transistors and advanced Cu/low-k interconnect for low power and high performance applications (2014)

Advancing the state-of-the-art 16nm technology reported last year, an enhanced 16nm CMOS technology featuring the second generation FinFET transistors and advanced Cu/low-k interconnect is presented. Core devices are re-optimized to provide additional 15% speed boost or 30% power reduction. Device overdrive capability is also extended by 70mV through reliability enhancement. Superior 128Mb High Density (HD) SRAM Vccmin capability of 450mV is achieved with variability reduction for the first time. Metal capacitance reduction by ∼9% is realized with advanced interconnect scheme to enable dynamic power saving.
A DSP-Based Active Disturbance Rejection Control Design for a 1-kW H-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter (2005)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an advanced digital controller for a 1-kW H-bridge dc-dc power converter. A new control algorithm based on the active disturbance rejection concept is developed to cope with the highly nonlinear dynamics of the converter and the disturbances. An experimental digital control system is used to implement the new control strategy. It consists of a digital control board based on the TMS320C6711 digital signal processor chip, an analogy I/O board, and a complex programmable logic device pulsewidth-modulation generation board. Using a newly developed bandwidth-parametrization technique, an autotuning method based on noise quantification is also developed and tested. Experimental results show the advantages and flexibilities of the new control method for the H-bridge dc-dc power converter.
Investigation of a single‐plate π‐shaped multiple‐input–multiple‐output antenna with enhanced port isolation for 5 GHz band applications (2016)

A simple single‐plate, π‐shaped multiple–input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with built‐in port isolation operated at 5 GHz (5150–5850 MHz) band is proposed. The MIMO antenna is a symmetrical structure formed on a single‐layered FR4 substrate. The main radiating element is of a single‐plate π‐shaped structure, and is 4 mm away from the antenna ground. The ground plane in this design provides sufficient finite size to properly excite the antenna. The π‐shaped structure has a few desired features: a space saver, due to co‐location of impedance matching network and isolation structure; built‐in isolation and stable MIMO operations; existence of stationary current sink and source (S‐S/S) points, which were proven to be the key to enhance port isolation. Since the commonly referred neutralisation line (NL) technique does not exhibit S‐S/S points; thus, our design is not considered as a NL. The radiation patterns of the two planar inverted F antenna ‐like monopoles cover the complementary space regions of 45°–50°, the antenna yields peak gain varied from 2 to 3 dBi, and radiation efficiency was >60% at 5 GHz band. The antenna port envelope correlation coefficient was about 0.05.
Modeling the Effect of Wire Resistance in Deep Submicron Coupled Interconnects for Accurate Crosstalk Based Net Sorting (1998)

It is well known that in deep submicron technologies the coupling capacitance between adjacent wires is a critical portion of the total wire capacitance, while at the same time the capacitance between wire and substrate has become the fringing component. High frequency signals travelling across multiple level interconnect structures generate proximity effects, i.e. crosstalk effects, between adjacent wires. Such effects include delay and noise injection and are a serious performance limitation in deep submicron VLSI circuits. An analytical model of the crosstalk effects would be extremely useful both in the design front-end and in the design back-end. For instance, a net ranking procedure based on such model could efficiently identify potential signal integrity problems between nets. A compact model of the coupled noise pulse amplitude which improves considerably the simple charge sharing model has been proposed in [4]. In our paper we will demonstrate that such model turns out to be...
[Topical problems of treatment of acute renal failure in crush syndrome]. (2005)

The paper analyzes some experience in treating 203 victims with crush syndrome (CS). The victims' status is determined by the force and time of compression, the degree and magnitude of destructive muscular changes, accompanying by lesions and occurring complications. Varying renal dysfunction was revealed in 97 (47.8%) patients, 55 (27%) patients developed mild and severe acute renal failure (ARF) and 38 (18.7%) patients had mild AFR. Renal dysfunction was not detected in 106 (52.2%) patients. The development of severe AFR in CS is a marker of the severity of injury, the body's response to injury and shock; it dictates the tactics of intensive therapy using extracorporeal techniques of detoxification and active or delayed surgical removal of necrotic muscles, which permits prevention of prolonged severe endotoxication and pyoseptic and vital complications. Two-three-week persistent unremoved foci of muscle necrosis and endotoxicosis exhaust the body's adaptive mechanisms, cause severe dysfunction of other organs and systems, promote delayed renal function recovery and ARF resolution.
The effects of incomplete breath‐holding on 3D MR Image Quality (1997)

The purpose of this study was to investigate how fast three-dimensional (3D) MR image quality is affected by breath-holding and to develop an optimal breath-holding strategy that minimizes artifact in the event of an incomplete breath-hold. A computer model was developed to study variable-duration breath-holds during fast 3D imaging. Modeling was validated by 3D gradient-echo imaging performed on 10 volunteers. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image blur were measured for both simulated and clinical images. Insights gained were applied to clinical 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Breath-holding significantly improved abdominal 3D MR image quality. Most of this benefit could be achieved with a breath-hold fraction of 50% if it occurred during acquisition of central k space. Breath-holding during peripheral k-space acquisition, however, had no significant benefit. Respiratory motion artifact on fast 3D MRI occurring when a patient fails to suspend respiration for the entire scan duration can be minimized by collecting central k space first (centric acquisition) so that premature breathing affects only the acquisition of peripheral k space.
Simulation Teaching in 3D Augmented Reality Environment (2012)

Traditional 3D virtual environments give people an isolated feeling in their interactive experience. This paper proposes a simulation instruction mode based on 3D Augmented Reality (AR) environments which can improve interactive experience. The camera detects the presetting markers which will later generate 3D virtual objects and shoots teachers' and students' real experimental operations at the same time, interposing the virtual objects on the real scene to produce a blended environment. With that technology, we construct both the local AR-based environments and the distant AR-based environments and devise several simulation instruction cases, such as Newton's First Law of Motion, Newton's Second Law of Motion, Simple Pendulum and Ants Meeting Algorithm, etc. According to the experimental analysis of students' learning interests and learning results, we conclude that in an AR-based learning environment, students adopt a natural interactive method and enjoy the same experience as in real environments due to the abandonment of mouse and keyboard devices. Furthermore, that blended AR-based learning environment is able to interpose objects which are inaccessible in real life due to limitation of expenses and safety or some other factors on the real scene, presenting an innovative and fascinating learning mode which eliminates the isolated feeling in learning.
Datarate Adaptation for Night-Time Energy Savings in Core Networks (2013)

We examine how datarate-adaptive transceivers can be used to follow the pronounced variations in requested bandwidth in core networks and therefore allow significant energy savings compared to static networks configured to support the peak traffic all the times. We investigate two schemes for datarate adaptation in optical transceivers: modulation-format adaptation and symbol-rate adaptation, and show how they yield comparable energy savings but through very different mechanisms. We quantify these energy savings with respect to static networks for the case of a European backbone network and find potential for up to 30% of savings when the two schemes are combined.
Rosemary (2016)

The rosemary plant, Rosmarinus officinalis L (family Lamiaceae), is an aromatic evergreen shrub originating in the Mediterranean region and now growing widely in Europe, Asia, and Africa. This plant has been used extensively as a culinary spice in a variety of contexts. Rosemary and its extracts also are used as food preservatives and enhancers of sensory and functional properties. Today, research attention is focusing more closely on whether this herb may have potential to alleviate complications of obesity and diabetes, inflammation-associated conditions, and neurological deficits.
Application Layer Traffic Optimization in the eMule System (2010)

Application Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) tends to reduce cross-network traffic that P2P software generates via guiding peers to connect to near sources and download from them when there are many sources available in network. The previous researches about ALTO were mostly carried on BitTorrent. The famous and popular P2P software, eMule, was neglected in ALTO studies. EMule is quite different from BitTorrent in various aspects. In this paper, we study how to integrate ALTO mechanism into the eMule system. Three methods are proposed, and one of them is studied in detail with simulation experiments. Experiment results show that the ALTO mechanism can decrease average download time and cross-network traffic at the same time. The drawback of the mechanism is also discovered, i.e., it introduces unfairness in download time for peers far away from the seed.