gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-situ monitoring of cavity filling in nanoimprint by capacitance (2005)

During nanoimprint, the uniformity and precision of the imprinted nanoscale structure and components are affected when the mold filling becomes irregular. To overcome the shortcomings of the current monitoring approach, an attempt has been made in this research based on the concept synthesized in the approved and pending patents presented in H, Hocheng and C.C. Nien (2004), and C.C. Nie et al. (2004), namely the capacitance measurement technique for a nanoimprint process. Such a capacitance measurement technique was used to detect the continuous variations of capacitance of the parallel-plate capacitor formed by the top plate electrode made on the imprint mold and the ground plate electrode on the polymer substrate during the course of imprinting. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed technique of parallel-plate capacitor, both numerical modeling of parallel-plate capacitor and experimental investigation have been performed. The state variation of mold filling has significant effect on the value of capacitance, which indicates the parallel-plate capacitor is a feasible tool for real-time in-situ monitoring for a nanoimprint process.
Avalanche buildup time of InP/InGaAsP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with separate absorption, grading, and multiplication regions (1986)

The avalanche buildup time of an avalanche photodiode can be determined from the frequency response of the noise power as a function of the dc multiplication M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> . In this paper we report on the first measurements of the avalanche buildup time of InP/InGaAsP/ InGaAs avalanche photodiodes with separate absorption, grading, and multiplication regions (SAGM-APD's). Measurements on several different device structures reveal that the avalanche buildup time (gain-bandwidth product) decreases (increases) with increasing carrier concentration in the multiplication region. The shortest buildup time that we have observed was <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M_{0} \times 4.2</tex> ps which corresponds to a gain-bandwidth Product of 38 GHz.
A new hybrid-excited flux-switching machine with excitation coils in stator slots (2012)

This paper presents a new topology of Hybrid Excited Flux-Switching Machine (HE FSM) with excitation coils located in stator slots (or inner DC windings). After describing the three phase structure to be investigated, the working principle is discussed and main electromagnetic performances are simulated by Finite Element (FE) Analysis. It is demonstrated that the air-gap field can be easily controlled which is interesting for variable-speed applications. Finally, a prototype having 12 stator poles and different rotor teeth number (10 or 14) was built. Experiments were performed validating FE simulations and the operation principle.
A highly efficient thermally controlled loss-tunable long-period fiber grating on corrugated metal substrate (2005)

We demonstrate a new approach for fabricating a compact loss-tunable long-period fiber grating (LPFG) by gluing a fiber onto a corrugated metal substrate filled with ultraviolet-cured epoxy. The strain caused by the difference in thermal expansion among the adhesive, the substrate, and the silica fiber induces a periodic microbending along the fiber when the device temperature is changed. The LPFG has an initial flat spectrum at room temperature. With 35 grating periods, a tuning range of -21 dB is achieved through core-cladding coupling for a temperature change from room temperature to 4/spl deg/C. A theoretical model is presented to explain the high tuning efficiency and the operating mechanisms of the device.
Multiple Material Property Characterization Using Induced Currents and Atomic Force Microscopy (2012)

The invention of AFM has enabled the development of eddy current microscopy techniques with better spatial resolution than that of conventional eddy current imaging systems.In magnetic force microscopy (MFM), a magnetic probe is oscillated above a magnetic surface.The oscillating magnetic probe generates eddy currents.This concept was used in the development of an MFM based eddy current microscopy (Hoffmann et al., 1998).This technique was used to image local variations in electrical conductivity of a sample consisting of TiC precipitates in Al 2 O 3 matrix with nanometer scale resolution.However, since the magnetic field of an MFM tip is small, this technique is not suitable to image small variations in conductivity.The sensitivity of this technique was improved by using large magnetic fields from a tip made ofpermanent magnet (Lantz et al., 2001).This resulted in increased sensitivity but reduced the spatial resolution down to hundreds of nanometers.From the above discussion it is evident that it is difficult to achieve both high resolution and high sensitivity to local variations in electrical conductivity using eddy current microscopy by MFM.To improve the sensitivity, a flexible cantilever capable of detecting small variations in the forces can be employed.However, in MFM techniques, a stiffer cantilever, vibrated at its resonant frequency, is used in order to make the cantilever sensitive only to the long-range magnetic forces.But by using a stiffer cantilever, it is difficult to measure small forces generated due to very small variations in the electrical conductivity.The magnetic tips used in MFM have small magnetic field strength.Therefore, the eddy current density that can be induced in the sample material is limited.
Personalized Attention-Aware Exposure Control Using Reinforcement Learning. (2018)

We propose a reinforcement learning approach for real-time exposure control of a mobile camera that is personalizable. Our approach is based on Markov Decision Process (MDP). In the camera viewfinder or live preview mode, given the current frame, our system predicts the change in exposure so as to optimize the trade-off among image quality, fast convergence, and minimal temporal oscillation. We model the exposure prediction function as a fully convolutional neural network that can be trained through Gaussian policy gradient in an end-to-end fashion. As a result, our system can associate scene semantics with exposure values; it can also be extended to personalize the exposure adjustments for a user and device. We improve the learning performance by incorporating an attention module that links semantics with exposure. This attention module generalizes the conventional spot or matrix metering techniques. We validate our system using the MIT FiveK and our own datasets captured using iPhone 7 and Google Pixel. Experimental results show that our system exhibits stable real-time behavior while improving visual quality compared to what is achieved through native camera control.
Acoustic processing for estimating size of small targets (2005)

Abstract : A method is provided for estimating the size of an object from a region of a fluid medium when that object is emitting acoustic radiation of-known wavelength lambda on its own or as the result of being interrogated by acoustic pulses that reflect from the object. The acoustic radiation is monitored using a line array of N acoustic receivers such that N signals indicative of the acoustic radiation are generated. M time series summations are formed using the N signals. Each of the M time series summations is formed using a unique time delay predicated on a corresponding unique estimated speed of propagation of the acoustic radiation where M estimated speeds of propagation are defined. For an object in the region having a diameter D on the order of lambda, the M values will vary as a function of the M estimated speeds of propagation with the resulting distribution of the M values being indicative of diameter D.
The Presenilin Proteins Are Components of Multiple Membrane-bound Complexes That Have Different Biological Activities (2004)

Several lines of evidence have indicated that the presenilin proteins function within macromolecular complexes and are necessary for the regulated intramembranous proteolysis of certain type 1 transmembrane proteins, including the amyloid precursor protein, Notch, and p75. Data from multiple complementary experiments now suggest that there may be several distinct presenilin complexes. We show here that presenilin mutations and certain detergents affect the abundance and componentry of the presenilin complexes, and these structural effects correlate with their effects on gamma-secretase activity. Our data suggest that there are at least three complexes, including a approximately 150-kDa nicastrin-aph-1 complex (which is likely to be a precursor complex). There is a stable and abundant intermediate complex of approximately 440 kDa, which contains aph-1, pen-2, nicastrin, and PS1. However, it is the very low abundance, high mass (>/=670 kDa) heteromeric complexes that are associated with the highest gamma-secretase-specific activity.
Synthesis of transparent thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (2003)

Abstract Thermoplastic polyurethanes were synthesized from poly(propylene glycol)‐ block ‐poly(ethylene glycol) polyols and hybrid hard segments that combined at least two different chain extenders. The combination of hard segments allowed for modification of elastomer performance and processing not achievable by any single hard segment. The combination of hard segments modulated hard‐segment energies that were directly related to elastomer performance. Special attention is paid to obtaining optically transparent elastomers with this technique. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 271–278, 2004
Approach to High-Resolution ex Situ NMR Spectroscopy (2001)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are typically performed with samples immersed in a magnet shimmed to high homogeneity. However, there are many circumstances in which it is impractical or undesirable to insert objects or subjects into the bore of a high-field magnet. Here we present a methodology based on an adaptation of nutation echoes that provides resolved spectra in the presence of matched inhomogeneous static and radiofrequency fields, thereby opening the way to high-resolution ex situ NMR. The observation of chemical shifts is regained through the use of multiple-pulse sequences of correlated, composite z-rotation pulses, producing resolved NMR spectra of liquid samples.
Charge build-up and its reduction in plasma cleaning process (2002)

Charge build-up in the plasma cleaning process has been investigated from the viewpoints of plasma uniformity, gas species and pressure, plasma exposure time, anode-cathode distance and substrate (circuit board) configuration. The spatial distribution of plasma parameters in plasma cleaning was diagnosed using a Langmuir probe. The charge build-up was evaluated using MNOS capacitors and MOS capacitors. Gases such as Ar, Ar-H/sub 2/, Xe and O/sub 2/ have been investigated. It has been found that the spatial distribution of plasma parameters is uniform, and that the charge build-up in plasma cleaning is negligibly small with regard to test chips placed without substrates. Use of substrates was found to increase the amount of charge build-up. Charge build-up was found to depend on the size, material and structure of the substrate. It was found that plasma cleaning with substrates with a conductive surface film such as a plated gold film resulted in considerable charge build-up. We found that use of an insulator mask or insulating die-bonding paste was very effective for charge build-up minimization.
High optical efficient integrated head for use in magneto-optical disk drive (2003)

We developed an integrated optical head for use with MO (magneto-optical) disks that makes it possible to adjust the focusing error signal (FES) and tracking error signal independently and to obtain high gain servo signals with a DOE (diffractive optical element). It prevents the changing of the FES caused by temperature changes by using a quasi-phase conjugate system. The cylindrical beam-splitter and the automatic power control-DOE achieve high optical efficiency and MO signal quality.
Progress in Rechargeable Magnesium Battery Technology (2007)

A new generation of rechargeable magnesium batteries with improved performance is presented. The cathodes are Chevrel phases of the Mo6S8-ySey (y =0, 1, 2) type. The partial substitution of S by Se in these materials enables a very fast and reversible Mg intercalation at capacities close to the theoretical values, due to structural changes in the Mg insertion sites and increase in the polarizability of the anionic framework of the host. New electrolyte solutions with electrochemical windows wider than 3 V are also briefly reported.
An Apolipoprotein Influencing Triglycerides in Humans and Mice Revealed by Comparative Sequencing (2001)

Comparison of genomic DNA sequences from human and mouse revealed a new apolipoprotein (APO) gene (APOAV) located proximal to the well-characterized APOAI/CIII/AIV gene cluster on human 11q23. Mice expressing a human APOAV transgene showed a decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations to one-third of those in control mice; conversely, knockout mice lacking Apoav had four times as much plasma triglycerides as controls. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the APOAV locus were found to be significantly associated with plasma triglyceride levels in two independent studies. These findings indicate that APOAV is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, a major risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Pox Viral Vaccines (2004)

Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are by definition either weakly immunogenic or functionally nonimmunogenic. Vaccine strategies must be developed in which the presentation of these TAAs to the immune system results in far greater activation of T cells than is being achieved naturally in the host. One approach to create an inflammatory milieu designed to trigger a robust immune response to TAAs involves the use of recombinant viral vectors to deliver the appropriate genetic material. Though several viral vector platforms are currently being evaluated, the pox virus family of vectors possesses several properties that make these vectors extremely attractive for use in anticancer vaccines. These include: a) the capacity to integrate the entire tumor antigen gene, parts of that gene, and/or multiple genes (including genes for costimulatory molecules and cytokines), b) the ability to infect antigen-presenting cells (APCs) allowing them to process the antigens, and c) the relative low cost. The ability to incorporate multiple transgenes within one vector is unique to these large virions, and allows for potential synergy of the incorporated gene products. This chapter will provide some insight into the strengths and weaknesses of pox viral vaccines, as well as the preclinical studies and early clinical trials of pox viral vaccine strategies for cancer therapy.
Retro: a methodology for retrospection everywhere (2013)

Changes in data over time are increasingly important in business intelligence and auditing applications. Having access to past states enables users to detect trends and anomalies, verify assumptions based on previous calculations, recover from input errors, test the efficacy decisions, and make predictions about the future. 
Retro is a new methodology and portable design for systematically adding the ability to save and access past states to an existing transactional data store. We developed efficient algorithms for in-memory and on-disk indexing past states, including Skippy, an index for past state metadata. We designed novel protocol extensions to leverage existing data store multi-version concurrency control and recovery. We prototyped Retro in Berkeley DB. 
A key performance metric is non-disruptiveness; whether saving snapshots with Retro interferes with database performance. Retro can non-disruptively save snapshots with high frequency (after every transaction) with minimal impact to update throughput, with an average increase to checkpoint length about 15%. 
Retro provides retrospection, a novel and simple interface that allows any read-only query to execute of a snapshot. Existing query languages and programming APIs can be used with retrospection, simplifying the use Retro for query programmers. In our experiments using selected TPC-H queries and custom SQL queries, running an I/O-bound query with retrospection is anywhere from 2.5x to 19x slower compared to running the same query without Retro. This slow down is due to declustered I/O from copy-on-write (COW) snapshots, a cost comparable to other state-of-the-art approaches that keep the current state intact and copy snapshots using COW. New storage technologies such as flash memory offer an opportunity to avoid the main source slow-down (cost seeks due to declustering), while still taking advantage the benefits Retro. 
This thesis presents the design, implementation, and evaluation a solution to the problem integrating a snapshot system into an existing transactional data store without disrupting performance. A data store with Retro offers snapshots that stay out the way when they aren't needed, and retrospection at any time on any snapshot using any query code.
Multi-Variable Optimisation of Wet Vapour Organic Rankine Cycles with Twin-Screw Expanders (2014)

A multi-variable optimisation program has been developed to investigate the performance of Wet Organic Rankine Cycles for low temperature heat recovery applications. This cycle model contains a detailed thermodynamic model of the twin-screw expander, and the methods used to match the operation of the expander to the requirements of the cycle are described. The capability of the cycle model has been demonstrated for the case of heat recovery from a source of pressurized hot water at 120°C. There are two main findings from the paper. Firstly, power output can be increased by up to 50% by correct selection of the expander inlet and discharge conditions, compared to the case with dry vapour admission. Secondly, the maximum power output occurs at an expander inlet dryness of around 20%, but for lower dryness fractions the gain in net power output falls off due to the decreasing pressure ratio required to maintain good expander efficiency.
A fluorescent and colorimetric probe specific for palladium detection (2009)

A selective Pd probe is described, which shows fluorometric and colorimetric responses towards both Pd(2+) ions and Pd(0)-complexes with excellent sensitivity and potential application. The fluorescence quenching effect of Pd(2+) is inhibited by filling up d-orbitals after the reduction from Pd(2+) (open-shell) to Pd(0) (closed-shell).
Synthesis of a CXCR4 Antagonist (2006)

The target molecule antagonizes CXCR4, a transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor, and could be a lead for the prevention of HIV infection and cancer metastasis. An extensive study of the key step in the depicted synthesis established optimum conditions for a highly stereoselective SN2′ substitution of an allylic phosphate by a cyanocuprate.
High‐throughput GLGI procedure for converting a large number of serial analysis of gene expression tag sequences into 3′ complementary DNAs (2001)

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful technique for genome-wide analysis of gene expression. However, two-thirds of SAGE tags cannot be used directly for gene identification for two reasons. First, many SAGE tags match several known expressed sequences, owing to the short length of SAGE tag sequences. Second, many SAGE tags do not match any known expressed sequences, presumably because the sequences corresponding to these SAGE tags have not been identified. These two problems can be solved by extension of the SAGE tags into 3' complementary DNAs (cDNAs) by use of the GLGI technique (generation of longer cDNA fragments from SAGE tags for gene identification). We have improved the original GLGI technique into a high-throughput procedure for simultaneous conversion of a large number of SAGE tags into corresponding 3' cDNAs. The whole process is simple, rapid, low-cost, and highly efficient, as shown by our use of this procedure for analyzing hundreds of SAGE tags. In addition to identifying the correct gene for SAGE tags with multiple matches, GLGI can be used for large-scale identification of novel genes by converting novel SAGE tags into 3' cDNAs. Applying this high-throughput procedure should accelerate the rate of gene identification significantly in the human and other eukaryotic genomes.
Mass splitting for jitter-free parallel rigid body simulation (2012)

We present a parallel iterative rigid body solver that avoids common artifacts at low iteration counts. In large or real-time simulations, iteration is often terminated before convergence to maximize scene size. If the distribution of the resulting residual energy varies too much from frame to frame, then bodies close to rest can visibly jitter. Projected Gauss-Seidel (PGS) distributes the residual according to the order in which contacts are processed, and preserving the order in parallel implementations is very challenging. In contrast, Jacobi-based methods provide order independence, but have slower convergence. We accelerate projected Jacobi by dividing each body mass term in the effective mass by the number of contacts acting on the body, but use the full mass to apply impulses. We further accelerate the method by solving contacts in blocks, providing wallclock performance competitive with PGS while avoiding visible artifacts. We prove convergence to the solution of the underlying linear complementarity problem and present results for our GPU implementation, which can simulate a pile of 5000 objects with no visible jittering at over 60 FPS.
JPEG 2000 syntax-compliant encryption preserving full scalability (2005)

An efficient syntax-compliant encryption scheme for JPEG 2000 and motion JPEG 2000 is proposed in this paper. Compressed visual data is completely encrypted yet the full scalability of the unencrypted codestream is completely preserved to allow near RD-optimal truncations and other manipulations securely without decryption. Compared with other reported schemes, our scheme shows advantages on syntax compliance, compression overhead, scalable granularity, and error resilience. In addition to preserving the original scalability, a JPEG 2000 codestream encrypted with our scheme has the same error resilience capability as the unencrypted codestream. The encrypted codestream is still syntax-compliant so that an encryption-unaware decoder can still decode the encrypted codestream, although the decoded visual data is completely garbled and meaningless. Our scheme has virtually no adverse impact on the compression efficiency.