gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Silica Nanoparticle/Polymer Nanocomposite Cluster Network Structure: Revisiting the Reinforcement Mechanism (2013)

The understanding of nanoparticle–polymer interaction is a key element to demystify the structure–property relationship for nanocomposites. The clusters composing poly(acrylamide) (PAM) grafted from silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were prepared according to the developed synthetic platform and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and dielectric relaxation analysis. The morphological evolution of clusters was observed and correlated to the mechanical behaviors of nanocomposites. Dynamic dielectric analysis was conducted to examine the nature of the constrained polymer region in view of a reinforcement mechanism. The modulus enhancement of the nanocomposite hydrogels was found to correlate with the volume of constrained polymer chains, and a constrained region model for SNP/polymer nanocomposites was proposed. The strong interactions between SNPs and polymer chains affect the modulus of the nanocomposites that was predicted by the percolation model and contributed to the mechanical reinforcement. The interplay between filler–polymer interaction and network rearrangement during the deformations should be considered to propose the reinforcement mechanism.
FMCW MIMO transceiver for middle-range over-the-horizon radar (2012)

In the high frequency (HF) band, a continuum bandwidth for achieving the desired range resolution is difficult to find. Besides, the power which returns from ship targets is usually lower than the levels of sea clutters at higher sea states. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish desired targets by conventional approaches. In this paper, a multi-frequency frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) transceiver with optimal resource allocation based on the minimal transmit power constraint is proposed to mitigate sea clutters. Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing is adopted to detect signals from different spatial directions. Simulation results show that the proposed method can provide diversity gain for discriminating targets under practical sea clutter environments.
Colored image produced with guided-mode resonance filter array (2011)

A method to reproduce colored images with a guided-mode resonance filter (GMRF) array is presented in this Letter. Because of their excellent characteristics, monochromatic light of the three primary colors with high purity can be achieved by using GMRF structures. Moreover, the primary colors are obtained without changing other GMRF parameters except the period, which could be realized easily with laser direct writing technology. The result shows that a colored image with high resolution and verisimilitude can be reproduced.
Avian Reovirus μNS Protein Forms Homo-Oligomeric Inclusions in a Microtubule-Independent Fashion, Which Involves Specific Regions of Its C-Terminal Domain (2010)

Members of the genus Orthoreovirus replicate in cytoplasmic inclusions termed viral factories. Compelling evidence suggests that the nonstructural protein microNS forms the matrix of the factories and recruits specific viral proteins to these structures. In the first part of this study, we analyzed the properties of avian reovirus factories and microNS-derived inclusions and found that they are nonaggresome cytoplasmic globular structures not associated with the cytoskeleton which do not require an intact microtubule network for formation and maturation. We next investigated the capacity of avian reovirus microNS to form inclusions in transfected and baculovirus-infected cells. Our results showed that microNS is the main component of the inclusions formed by recombinant baculovirus expression. This, and the fact that microNS is able to self-associate inside the cell, suggests that microNS monomers contain all the interacting domains required for inclusion formation. Examination of the inclusion-forming capacities of truncated microNS versions allowed us to identify the region spanning residues 448 to 635 of microNS as the smallest that was inclusion competent, although residues within the region 140 to 380 seem to be involved in inclusion maturation. Finally, we investigated the roles that four different motifs present in microNS(448-635) play in inclusion formation, and the results suggest that the C-terminal tail domain is a key determinant in dictating the initial orientation of monomer-to-monomer contacts to form basal oligomers that control inclusion shape and inclusion-forming efficiency. Our results contribute to an understanding of the generation of structured protein aggregates that escape the cellular mechanisms of protein recycling.
Dynamin-binding protein gene on chromosome 10q is associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (2006)

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been consistently shown to be a major genetic risk factor; however, all cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cannot be attributed to the epsilon4 variant of APOE, because about half of AD patients have the APOE-epsilon3*3 genotype. To identify an additional genetic risk factor(s), we performed large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based association analysis of 1526 late-onset AD patients and 1666 control subjects in a Japanese population. We prepared two independent sets consisting of exploratory and validation samples, respectively, with only the APOE-epsilon3*3 genotype, and first carried out genotyping for the exploratory set with 1206 SNPs in the region between 60 and 107 Mb on chromosome 10q that is implicated by linkage studies as containing an AD susceptibility locus. Thirty-five SNPs that showed significant values (P<0.01) were followed-up to detect any association with the validation samples. Finally, six SNPs exhibited replicated significant associations (P=0.000035-0.00048) on meta-analysis of both sets. These SNPs were clustered in a locus spanning 220 kb at genomic position 101 Mb, and three of the six SNPs were located in the dynamin-binding protein (DNMBP) gene. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that neuropathologically confirmed AD brains exhibit a significant reduction of DNMBP mRNA compared with age-matched ones (P<0.0169). Thus, we confirmed the association of DNMBP with AD individuals with the APOE-epsilon3*3 genotype or lacking the epsilon4 allele, and DNMBP may be one of the susceptibility genes for AD.
Underdesigned and Opportunistic Computing (2011)

Variation in the specifications of microelectronic chips across parts and over time has been a great source of concern for the integrated circuit chip designers because of the ever-increasing guard-bands that the circuit and system designers must rely upon to ensure working parts and systems. This prompts us to look for solutions that can mitigate the effect of performance and power variability through innovations in sys-tem software. In this paper, we outline a novel, flexible hardware-software stack and interface that use adaptation in software to relax variation-induced guard-bands in hardware design.
Functional feedback in an extremum seeking loop (2003)

We analyze the effect of functional feedback in an extremum seeking loop. Our study is motivated by a formation flight problem where the trailing aircraft experiences an outward rolling moment as the vortex effects of the leading aircraft come into play. Viewed as the extremized functional, this rolling moment feeds itself back to the lateral dynamics of the aircraft. In the initial half of the paper we impose restrictions on the curvature of the extremized functional and examine the effect under the assumption of a dynamic time-scale separation between the tracking loops of the linear dynamical system and the extremum seeking loop; in the latter half we remove both these assumptions and instead impose assumed functional forms on the extremized functional.
Long-Term Control of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) in Cynomolgus Macaques Not Associated with Efficient SIV-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Responses (2015)

Spontaneous control of HIV-1 to undetectable levels is associated with efficient anti-HIV CD8(+) T-cell responses. However, in some cases, this response fades over time, although viral control is maintained, and many HIV controllers (weak responders) have very low frequencies of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells. In these cases, the importance of CD8 T cells in the maintenance of HIV-1 control is questionable. We developed a nonhuman primate model of durable SIV control with an immune profile resembling that of weak responders. Transient depletion of CD8(+) cells induced a rise in the viral load. However, viremia was correlated with CD4(+) T-cell activation subsequent to CD8(+) cell depletion. Regain of viral control to predepletion levels was not associated with restoration of the anti-SIV capacities of CD8(+) T cells. Our results suggest that CD8(+) T cells may not be involved in maintenance of viral control in weak responders and highlight the fact that additional mechanisms should not be underestimated.
<i>In Vivo</i>Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Polymer-Based Immunoliposomes Targeting the CD33 Antigen (2010)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo a targeted pH-sensitive liposomal formulation tailored to promote the efficient intracellular delivery of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) to human myeloid leukemia cells. Specifically, pH-sensitive immunoliposomes were obtained by anchoring a copolymer of dioctadecyl, N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid in bilayers of PEGylated liposomes (LP) and by coupling the whole anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or its Fab' fragments. Their pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles were assessed in Balb/c and leukemic HL60-bearing immunodepressed (SCID) mice. In naive mice, nontargeted and pH-sensitive Fab'-LP had longer circulation times than LP with whole mAb. In SCID/HL60 (CD33(+)) mice, the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles of LP and encapsulated ara-C were comparable between nontargeted and pH-sensitive Fab'-LP. In leukemic mice, only pH-insensitive, ara-C-loaded Fab' induced prolonged survival times. The apparent absence of pH-sensitive Fab'-LP effect could be related to lower exposure to ara-C in SCID mice.
A simple framework to generate parallel application for geospatial processing (2010)

GIS processing of large sets of geo-referenced tiles is usually very time-consuming for users. These computations rarely take benefits of PC clusters or Grid computing and are too often run onto simple desktop PC. This is mainly due to the difficulty of parallel programming. In this paper we propose an easy way to greatly accelerate this process for the class of GIS computations which involve local data accesses. For the moment, our framework deals with non communicating parallel processes.
Analysis of thermal fluctuations in the Westinghouse Canada Water Loop to determine flow transit delay times using a transfer function cross-correlation technique (1976)

Aerojet Nuclear Company performed an experiment at the Westinghouse Canada Ltd. water loop to try to verify the performance of a Transit Time Flowmeter to ultimately measure two-phase flow rates. The recorded data from that experiment were made available and analyzed at Argonne National Laboratory using a transfer function cross-correlation technique. The theoretical background for the transfer function method of analysis and the results of the data analysis are presented. Strong correlation peaks, which are very close to the expected delay times, were found in certain portions of the data.
A monolithic RF microsystem in SOI CMOS for low-power operation in radiation-intense environments (2002)

A monolithic radio-frequency (RF) microsystem has been designed and fabricated in an advanced 0.25-micron SOI CMOS technology. The architecture is comprised of a compact digital core for local program execution and command handling; a 400-MHz RF transceiver for wireless program download and data transfer; and analog baseband circuitry which doubles as an embedded testability network. The IC is intended to support nanosatellite avionics and wireless remote sensing. The motivation of the work was to develop a team design methodology for producing integrated circuit (IC) intellectual property (IP) in the context of a specific application. Another intention is to investigate the suitability of an ultra-low-power digital technology for mixed-signal/RF circuit design. The design was a collaborative effort between UIC and JPL that demonstrates the potential for technology transfer between universities and federal laboratories.
PAP treatment in patients with OSA does not induce long‐term nasal obstruction (2018)

We hypothesized that positive airway pressure treatment would induce nasal obstruction and decrease nasal cavity due to mucosal swelling. We further hypothesized that subjective and objective nasal obstruction at baseline would negatively affect positive airway pressure adherence. A total of 728 patients with sleep apnea were investigated in the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort at baseline and 2 years after starting positive airway pressure. Patients underwent home sleep apnea testing at baseline. Questionnaires were answered and acoustic rhinometry was completed at baseline and follow-up. The proportion of patients reporting subjective nocturnal nasal obstruction was reduced (baseline: 35% versus follow-up: 24%; p < 0.001). Small interior nasal dimensions increased (p < 0.001) independent of adherence to treatment. Small nasal volume at baseline was a determinant for becoming a non-user of positive airway pressure treatment (odds ratio 2.22, confidence interval 95% 1.35-3.67, p = 0.002). Subjective nasal obstruction decreased 2 years after initiating positive airway treatment in sleep apnea, and objectively small nasal dimensions increased. Small nasal volume at baseline was a negative predictor for positive airway pressure treatment adherence. Maybe most importantly, positive airway pressure treatment did not cause long-term objective or subjective nasal obstruction.
Theories and techniques of program understanding (1991)

Understanding programs written by others is a difficult task. Most maintenance tasks in software require an understanding of the source code as a first step. Unfortunately, in most cases, the source code of a program is the only reliable documentation of its behavior. As a result, maintainers have to rely heavily on code browsing to acquire the necessary information. This paper surveys the various theories that have been proposed to explain the process of understanding, considers the different techniques used by the tools that are employed, and discusses their relative merits and demerits.
A Comprehensive Survey of Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing—Part II: Emerging Technologies and Open Issues (2020)

This two-part paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey on how emerging technologies, e.g., wireless and networking, artificial intelligence (AI) can enable, encourage, and even enforce social distancing practice. In Part I, an extensive background of social distancing is provided, and enabling wireless technologies are thoroughly surveyed. In this Part II, emerging technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, thermal, ultrasound, etc., are introduced. These technologies open many new solutions and directions to deal with problems in social distancing, e.g., symptom prediction, detection and monitoring quarantined people, and contact tracing. Finally, we discuss open issues and challenges (e.g., privacy-preserving, scheduling, and incentive mechanisms) in implementing social distancing in practice. As an example, instead of reacting with ad-hoc responses to COVID-19-like pandemics in the future, smart infrastructures (e.g., next-generation wireless systems like 6G, smart home/building, smart city, intelligent transportation systems) should incorporate a <i>pandemic mode</i> in their standard architectures/designs.
Effect of uniaxial stress on excitons in a self-assembled quantum dot (2006)

The fine structure of the neutral exciton in a single self-assembled InGaAs quantum dot is investigated under the effect of an applied uniaxial stress. The spectrum of the excitonic Rayleigh scattering was measured in reflectivity using high-resolution laser spectroscopy while the sample was submitted to a tunable uniaxial stress along its [110] crystal axis. We show that using this stretching technique, the quantum dot potential is elastically deformable such that the exciton fine structure splitting can be substantially reduced.
Humoral Immune Response Against Epidermal Growth Factor Encapsulated in Dehydration Rehydration Vesicles of Different Phospholipid Composition (2008)

We investigated the influence of dehydration-rehydration vesicles (DRV) phospholipid composition and the addition of other components on human recombinant epidermal growth factor (hrEGF) encapsulation efficiency and its release from liposomes. Encapsulation of EGF into DRV composed of phosphatidylcholine with different unsaturation levels was around 20-35%. The best result was obtained with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol (DPPC:Ch) liposomes (35%) corresponding to the lowest hrEGF release during one month of storage. Even with this phospholipid composition, modification of the DRV procedure by including an extrusion step did not improve hrEGF encapsulation efficiency, rendering less stable particles. The inclusion of recombinant P64k from Neisseria meningitidis (rP64k), as such or conjugated to hrEGF, decreased the encapsulation efficiency of the latter protein into DRV or freeze and thaw multilamellar vesicles (FATMLV). The hrEGF release from liposomes could be related to the interaction between this polypeptide and the bilayer, as evidenced by increased carboxyfluorescein release from hrEGF-DRV; less susceptibility to fluorescence quenching by acrylamide in the presence of liposomes; and a measurable decrease of phospholipid phase transition Delta enthalpy (DeltaH). DRV comprising saturated phospholipids (DPPC:Ch or distearoyl phosphatidylcholine [DSPC]:Ch) and containing the conjugate EGF-P64k induced a more efficient immune response against hrEGF than unsaturated phospholipid and alum in terms of total IgG, IgG(2a), and IgG(2b) subclasses and the ability of antibody to inhibit the interaction of the EGF receptor with hrEGF.
Full orientation invariance and improved feature selectivity of 3D SIFT with application to medical image analysis (2008)

This paper presents a comprehensive extension of the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), originally introduced in 2D, to volumetric images. While tackling the significant computational efforts required by such multiscale processing of large data volumes, our implementation addresses two important mathematical issues related to the 2D-to-3D extension. It includes efficient steps to filter out extracted point candidates that have low contrast or are poorly localized along edges or ridges. In addition, it achieves, for the first time, full 3D orientation invariance of the descriptors, which is essential for 3D feature matching. An application of this technique is demonstrated to the feature-based automated registration and segmentation of clinical datasets in the context of radiation therapy.
Joint detection for on/off uplink traffic in the TD-SCDMA system (2004)

Joint detection is used to reduce both inter-symbol interference (ISI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) in the time division-synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) system. Conventional Rake receivers only consider desired user's signal, while joint detection receivers take into account both desired user's signal and other user signals for interference cancellation. If the traffic has on/off or discontinuous transmission (DTX), joint detection receivers need to determine the DTX of all connected users. A DTX decision algorithm, which uses a matched filter, is proposed. Simulation results show that joint detection with DTX decision yields better performance than joint detection without DTX decision.
Detrimental effects of speckle-pixel size matching in laser speckle contrast imaging (2008)

Through a series of simulations and experiments, we demonstrate that the frequently cited criterion of matching speckle size to detector element (pixel) size in laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) has the detrimental effect of reducing the contrast and thereby decreasing the variation in the laser speckle contrast image. Unlike quasi-elastic light scattering, where this matching condition has been shown to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, in LSCI, the minimum speckle size must exceed the Nyquist criterion in order to maximize the contrast of the speckle patterns.
Re-evaluation of the N-terminal substitution and the D-residues of teixobactin (2016)

Teixobactin is a head to side-chain cyclic depsipeptide with a guanidino based residue within the cycle, three <sc>d</sc>-amino acids in the tail, and a N-methylated terminal residue.
Real-time Monitoring of Radiofrequency Ablation and Postablation Assessment: Accuracy of Contrast-enhanced US in Experimental Rat Liver Model (2013)

The temporary transition zone in NADH staining is partially damaged and should transition to nonviability 2 days after ablation. These results demonstrate that contrast-enhanced US can help delineate the maximum area of cell damage (to within 5% of the maximum) as early as 2 hours after ablation. Contrast-enhanced US may be a simple and accurate tool for monitoring the effects of RF ablation and quantifying the size of thermal damage after treatment.
Direct evidence of intercalation in a topological insulator turned superconductor (2012)

A topological insulator Bi2Se3 which shows superconducting property due to Cu doping has been studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy which provides for the first time, the direct evidence of intercalation sites. A careful study exhibits the presence of two intercalation sites in this material when projected along the [-1-1 2 0] direction. Stoichiometry of the intercalated unit cell was also calculated from the projected potential.
Effect of the introduction of a lumbar-puncture sticker and teaching manikin on junior staff documentation and performance of paediatric lumbar punctures (2006)

The introduction of a lumbar-puncture proforma and formal teaching sessions using a paediatric manikin led to a marked improvement in the documentation of paediatric lumbar-punctures. Lumbar-punctures can be performed only by accredited medical officers who have achieved competency on the lumbar-puncture teaching manikin.