gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adhesive properties and biocompatibility of tissue adhesives composed of various hydrophobically modified gelatins and disuccinimidyl tartrate (2012)

Adhesives comprising hydrophobically modified gelatin and disuccinimidyl tartrate were prepared with the aim of developing novel tissue adhesives with tissue-penetrating capability and biocompatibility. The hydrophobic groups employed were hexanoyl (Hx; C6), palmitoyl (Pam; C16), stearoyl (Ste; C18), and oleoyl (Ole; C18 unsaturated) groups. The bonding strength of the resulting tissue adhesives against fresh arterial media increased with increasing chain length of the saturated hydrocarbon up to C18 (Ste) when the degree of substitution of hydrocarbons in the hydrophobically modified gelatin molecule was 10% (10Ste) with a fixed succinimidyl group:amino group ratio of 1:1. The 10Ole–disuccinimidyl tartrate adhesive showed slightly lower bonding strength compared with 10Ste–disuccinimidyl tartrate adhesive. In contrast, the use of hydrophobically modified gelatin with a high substitution ratio (50%) showed lower bonding strength compared with the original gelatin. The peeling strength of 10Ste–disuccinimidyl tartrate and 10Ole–disuccinimidyl tartrate adhesives was similar and high compared with other adhesives. Based on the quantitative determination of biocompatibility, using nuclear factor-kappa B/luciferase transgenic mice (BALB/C-Tg (NF-κB-RE-luc)-Xen), the level of inflammation associated with 10Ste–disuccinimidyl tartrate adhesive was quite low compared with commercial aldehyde-based adhesive. From these results, 10Ste–disuccinimidyl tartrate adhesive possesses excellent biocompatibility as well as high bonding/peeling strength and, therefore, has potential use in clinical applications.
Energy-Efficient Write Scheme for Nonvolatile Resistive Crossbar Arrays With Selectors (2018)

The write operation of a resistive memory based on a one-selector-one-resistor (1S1R) crossbar array consumes significant energy and is dependent on the device and circuit characteristics as well as the bias scheme. In this paper, the energy efficiency of a crossbar array of a 1S1R configuration during a write operation is explored for the V/2 and V/3 bias schemes. The characteristics that affect the most energy-efficient bias scheme are demystified. The write energy of a crossbar array is modeled in terms of the array size, number of selected cells, and nonlinearity factor. For a specific array size and selector technology, the number of selected cells during a write operation can affect the choice of bias scheme. The effect of leakage current due to partially biased unselected cells is explored. Furthermore, an energy-efficient write operation based on a hybrid bias scheme is proposed to reduce the write energy. This write operation adaptively sets the bias scheme based on the number of selected cells to enhance overall energy efficiency. Energy improvements of more than two times are demonstrated with this hybrid bias scheme.
A High-Density 45 nm SRAM Using Small-Signal Non-Strobed Regenerative Sensing (2009)

High-density SRAMs utilize aggressively small bit-cells, which are subject to extreme variability, degrading their read SNM and read-current. Additionally, array performance is also limited by sense-amplifier offset and strobe-timing uncertainty. This paper, presents a sense-amplifier that targets all of these performance degradations: specifically, simple offset compensation reduces sensitivity to variation while imposing minimal loading on high-speed nodes; stable internal voltage references serve as an internal means to self-trigger regeneration to avoid tracking mismatch in an external strobe-path; precise small-signal detection withstands small read-currents so that other bit-cell parameters can be optimized; and single-ended sensing provides compatibility to asymmetric bit-cells, which can have improved operating margins. The design is integrated with a 64-kb high-density array composed of 0.25 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 6T bit-cells. A prototype, in low-power 45 nm CMOS, compares its performance with a conventional sense-amplifier, demonstrating an improvement of 4X in access-time sigma and 34% in overall worst case access time.
ACID DEPENDENCY OF THE EXTRACTION OF SELECTED METAL IONS BY A STRONTIUM.SELECTIVE EXTRACTlON CHROMATOGRAPHIC RESIN: CALCULATEDVS.EXPERIMENTAL CURVES* (1992)

ABSTRACT The extraction of selected divalent (Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Ra+2, Pb+2, UO2 +2) and monovalent (Na+, K+, Rb+, CS+, TI+) metal cations at tracer concentration level by a recently introduced strontium-selective extraction chromatographic resin has been studied as function of the nitric acid concentration in the range − 0.1-7 M. The data have been explained by combining the metal extraction, the acid extraction, and the aqueous phase metal complication equilibria. Conditional metal extraction equilibrium constants have been estimated by using calculated activity coefficients of the metal nitrate salts in the nitric acid solutions. The extraction constants have been used to predict the effect of macroconcentrations of sample matrix constituents on the extraction of Sr+2 or Pb+2 by the strontium-selective resin.
Enhancement‐mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on silicon substrate (2006)

Abstract High performance enhancement‐mode AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (E‐HEMTs) were demonstrated with samples grown on low‐cost silicon substrate for the first time. The fabrication process is based on fluoride‐based plasma treatment of the gate region and post‐gate annealing at 450 °C. The fabricated E‐HEMTs have nearly the same peak transconductance (G m ) and cut‐off frequencies as the conventional depletion‐mode HEMTs (D‐HEMTs) fabricated on the same wafer, suggesting little mobility degradation caused by the plasma treatment. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein 6 receptors ameliorates Sjögren’s syndrome in mice (2020)

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, with only palliative treatments available. Recent work has suggested that increased bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) expression could alter cell signaling in the salivary gland (SG) and result in the associated salivary hypofunction. We examined the prevalence of elevated BMP6 expression in a large cohort of pSS patients and tested the therapeutic efficacy of BMP signaling inhibitors in two pSS animal models. Increased BMP6 expression was found in the SGs of 54% of pSS patients, and this increased expression was correlated with low unstimulated whole saliva flow rate. In mouse models of SS, inhibition of BMP6 signaling reduced phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 in the mouse submandibular glands, and led to a recovery of SG function and a decrease in inflammatory markers in the mice. The recovery of SG function after inhibition of BMP6 signaling suggests cellular plasticity within the salivary gland and a possibility for therapeutic intervention that can reverse the loss of function in pSS.
A systolic linear array for modular multiplication (2002)

In this paper, a novel systolic, linear-array modular multiplier is presented which ideally performs the algorithm of P.L. Montgomery (1985). The total execution time for an n-bit modular multiplication is 4n+1 cycles. With only one full adding in one pipeline stage and the purely nearest neighbor communication, it can operate at a high clock frequency. On the other hand, every processing element is simple, mainly consisting of one full adder and five flip-flops. For n-bit modular multiplication, the cost of implementation is 29n gates. So our designed systolic array for modular multiplication is a speed and area efficient system suitable for the VLSI implementation of modular exponentiation which is a kernel operation used in many public-key cryptosystems such as RSA. With clock frequency of 200 megahertz which is practical in 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS processing, the throughput can be 64k bits per second.
Utilization of Nucleotide Probes in PCR‐ELISA Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of<i>Plasmodium Falciparum</i>DNA in Malaria (2007)

Abstract The research work reported herein is the development of a simple and specific quantitative procedure for the determination of P. falciparum DNA in malaria that involves the direct detection of the highly 42‐kDa conserved C‐terminal regiopn of P. falciparum merozoite surface protein gene (MSP1 42 gene). This procedure entails the amplification of the MSP1 42 gene by using the PCR technique in the presence of digoxigenin‐11‐dUTP and the synthesis of the specific biotin label nucleotide probes directed to the MSP1 42 gene. These specific probes are then used in the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the quantitative determination of the MSP1 42 gene which leads to the quantitative determination of P. falciparum DNA in malaria for quantitative diagnostic purpose. The P. falciparum malaria diagnostic results obtained from a small number of 18 whole blood samples show that the present quantitative PCR‐ELISA procedure allows the quantitative determination of P. falciparum DNA in malaria with a sensitivity and specificity over to those of the current standard microscopic examination. This quantitative PCR‐ELISA procedure is not only important for quantitative P. falciparum malaria diagnosis but also useful for monitoring the efficacy of any existing anti‐malarial drug as well as for testing the efficacy of any malaria vaccine.
Demonstration of a pyroelectric wireless temperature sensor (2018)

Energy generation systems operating at high temperatures are becoming increasing dependent on real-time measurements to enhance the overall performance. Since most sensors in energy systems are exposed to high temperature, high pressure, or corrosive environments where wiring is not desirable, harsh environment temperature sensing is preferred to be measured wirelessly. In this study, Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) pyroelectric ceramic was used to develop a wireless temperature sensor. An electromagnet was built with a set number of loops of wire, length, and radius. A PZT ceramic exposed to a heating source to induce a rate of temperature change with time. Generated current from the PZT due to experiencing a rate of temperature change with time was then supplied to the electromagnet to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field was measured remotely with a milligaussmeter. The electromagnet was first characterized by measuring the magnetic field at different distances from the edge of the electromagnet along its axis. The milligaussmeter was able to detect the magnetic field generated by PZT pyroelectric ceramics at the specified distances from the electromagnet. A PZT sensor with a thickness of 0.1 cm was tested for use in a wireless temperature measurement configuration. Due to the non-linear pyroelectric response of PZT, the temperature dependent pyroelectric coefficient of PZT was also measured with a dynamic pyroelectric measurement technique in the temperature range from room temperature to 122 °C. The temperature dependent pyroelectric coefficient of PZT was found to increase from −40 × 10−5 C m−2 °C to −71.84 × 10−5 C m−2 °C. The PZT sensor was then tested for wireless temperature measurement applications at 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C, and showed a maximum 10% deviation from baseline measurements.
A Hybrid Subband Adaptive System for Speech Enhancement in Diffuse Noise Fields (2004)

Performance of adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) degrades severely when uncorrelated noise components are present at the two inputs. Thus, practical background diffuse noises pose a serious problem for ANC systems. In this letter, we propose a new hybrid system that integrates subband adaptive filters (SAFs) and a Wiener filter. The hybrid system is implemented on an oversampled DFT filterbank that efficiently integrates the SAF and the Wiener filter components in the frequency-domain. Performance evaluation of the hybrid system in presence of diffuse noise interference shows that the proposed system is superior to both the Wiener filter and the SAF subsystems.
Novel CoupledCARTM Technology for Treating Colorectal Cancer (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has made significant progress in the treatment of blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. However, the therapy faces many challenges in treating solid tumors. These challenges include physical barriers, tumor microenvironment immunosuppression, tumor heterogeneity, target specificity, and limited reactive cell expansion in vivo. Conventional CAR T cell therapy has thus far shown weak cell expansion in solid tumor patients and achieved little or no therapeutic responses. Here, we developed CAR T cells based on a novel CoupledCAR® technology to treat solid tumors. In contrast to conventional CAR T cells, CoupledCAR T cells significantly improved the expansion of the CAR T cells in vivo and enhanced the CAR T cells' migration ability and resistance to immunosuppression by the tumor microenvironment. The enhanced migration ability and resistance allow the CAR T cells to infiltrate to tumor tissue sites and increase anti-tumor activities. Specifically, we engineered CoupledCAR T cells with lentiviral vectors encoding an anti-GCC (guanylate cyclase 2C) CAR molecule. Furthermore, anti-GCC CAR T cells showed anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo experiments. To verify the safety and efficacy of CoupledCAR T cells for treating solid tumors, we conducted several clinical trials for different solid tumors, including seven patients with colorectal cancer. These seven patients failed multiple rounds of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the clinical trial, the patients were infused with autologous anti-GCC CoupledCAR T cells range from 4.9×10^5/kg to 2.9×10^6/kg. All patients using anti-GCC CoupledCAR T cells showed rapid expansion of CoupledCAR T cells and killing of tumor cells. Specifically, we observed that CoupledCAR T cells expanded significantly in the patients and infiltrated tumor tissue sites, demonstrating enhanced anti-tumor activities. PET/CT showed significant tumor shrinkage and SUV max declined, and the ongoing responses were monitored. Patient 3 achieved complete response and the best overall response rate (ORR, include complete remission, complete metabolic response, partial response, and partial metabolic response.) was 71.4% (5/7), complete remission (CR) rate was 14.3% (1/7). The clinical data demonstrated that CoupledCAR T cells effectively expanded, infiltrated tumor tissue sites, and kill tumor cells in patients with colorectal cancer. We used immunotherapy to achieve complete remission in patients with advanced colorectal cancer for the first time. We are recruiting more colorectal cancer patients to further test the safety and efficacy of anti-GCC CoupledCAR T cells. Since our CoupledCAR® technology is a platform technology, we are expanding it to treat other solid tumors using different target tumor markers . Disclosures Xiao: Innovative Cellular Therapeutics: Other: stockholder.
<title>Unweighted least squares phase unwrapping by means of multigrid techniques</title> (1995)

We present a multigrid algorithm for unweighted least squares phase unwrapping. This algorithm applies Gauss-Seidel relaxation schemes to solve the Poisson equation on smaller, coarser grids and transfers the intermediate results to the finer grids. This approach forms the basis of our multigrid algorithm for weighted least squares phase unwrapping, which is described in a separate paper. The key idea of our multigrid approach is to maintain the partial derivatives of the phase data in separate arrays and to correct these derivatives at the boundaries of the coarser grids. This maintains the boundary conditions necessary for rapid convergence to the correct solution. Although the multigrid algorithm is an iterative algorithm, we demonstrate that it is nearly as fast as the direct Fourier-based method. We also describe how to parallelize the algorithm for execution on a distributed-memory parallel processor computer or a network-cluster of workstations.
Improved assembly of bispecific antibodies from knob and hole half‐antibodies (2015)

A process was developed for large-scale assembly of IgG1 and IgG4 bispecific antibodies from knob and hole half-antibodies. We optimized assembly conditions such as pH, temperature, stabilizers, and reducing agent. We also identified and exploited structural changes unique to knob and hole half-antibodies with the result of improving assembly outcome, specifically storing half-antibodies at higher pH will condition them to assemble more rapidly and produce fewer high molecular-weight species (HMWS). Application of heat to the assemblies resulted in an acceleration of assembly rate, with optimal formation of bispecific achieved at 37°C. IgG4 half-antibodies were unusually sensitive to temperature-dependent formation of HMWS in pre-assembly conditioning as well as during assembly. We selected l-histidine and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as stabilizers to prevent HMWS formation in IgG4 , and achieved rapid and high-efficiency assemblies. Using optimized assembly conditions, we developed and scaled up a method for assembling bispecific antibody with 90% assembly efficiency over 6 h with minimal impact to product quality, generating a pool with bispecific antibody for downstream processing.
Molecular cloning of the first human monoclonal antibodies neutralizing with high potency swine-origin influenza A pandemic virus (S-OIV). (2009)

The pandemic caused by the new H1N1 swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) strain is a worldwide health emergency and alternative therapeutic and prophylactic options are greatly needed. Two human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments (HMab) neutralizing the novel H1N1 influenza strain at very low concentrations were cloned from a patient who had a broad-range anti-H1N1 serum neutralizing activity. The two HMabs neutralized S-OIV with an IC50 of 2.8 and 4 microg/mL. The genes coding for the neutralizing HMabs could be used for generating full human monoclonal IgGs that can be safely administered with the potentially of representing a novel drug to be used in the prophylaxis and the treatment of this human infection. This is the first report of molecular cloning of human monoclonal antibodies against the new pandemic swine-origin influenza virus.
Interferometer for measuring the dynamic surface topography of a human tear film (2012)

The anterior refracting surface of the eye is the thin tear film that forms on the surface of the cornea. Following a blink, the tear film quickly smoothes and starts to become irregular after 10 seconds. This irregularity can affect comfort and vision quality. An <i>in vivo</i> method of characterizing dynamic tear films has been designed based upon a near-infrared phase-shifting interferometer. This interferometer continuously measures light reflected from the tear film, allowing sub-micron analysis of the dynamic surface topography. Movies showing the tear film behavior can be generated along with quantitative metrics describing changes in the tear film surface. This tear film measurement allows analysis beyond capabilities of typical fluorescein visual inspection or corneal topography and provides better sensitivity and resolution than shearing interferometry methods. The interferometer design is capable of identifying features in the tear film much less than a micron in height with a spatial resolution of about ten microns over a 6 mm diameter. This paper presents the design of the tear film interferometer along with the considerations that must be taken when designing an interferometer for on-eye diagnostics. Discussions include eye movement, design of null optics for a range of ocular geometries, and laser emission limits for on-eye interferometry.
Differential beamforming with circular microphone arrays (2016)

Differential beamforming cannot only achieve high directional gain but also can form frequency-invariant beampatterns. Therefore, it has the great potential to be widely used in voice communications to process broadband speech signals. The performance of a differential beamformer in terms of directivity factor (DF), white noise gain (WNG), and frequency invariance of the beampattern depends on many factors including the array geometry, the number of sensors, the inter-sensor spacing, etc. In the literature, most studies on differential beamforming have been focused on linear microphone arrays and not much efforts have been devoted to other array geometries. This paper is devoted to the study of circular microphone arrays. In comparison with linear arrays whose spatial response is a function of the steering angle, circular microphone arrays can have the same spatial response along many different directions. The focal point of this paper is on differential beamforming with uniform circular microphone arrays. The main topics addressed include: (1) major properties of circular microphone arrays, (2) how to design differential beamformers with different beampatterns, (3) how to design differential beamformers with different orders, and (4) how to achieve a good control of the white noise amplification problem, high directional gains, and frequency-independent responses.
Single piezo-actuator rotary-hammering (SPaRH) drill (2012)

The search for present or past life in the Universe is one of the most important objectives of NASA's exploration missions. Drills for subsurface sampling of rocks, ice and permafrost are an essential tool for astrobiology studies on other planets. Increasingly, it is recognized that drilling via a combination of rotation and hammering offers an efficient and effective rapid penetration mechanism. The rotation provides an intrinsic method for removal of cuttings from the borehole while the impact and shear forces aid in the fracturing of the penetrated medium. Conventional drills that use a single actuator are based on a complex mechanism with many parts and their use in future mission involves greater risk of failure and/or may require lubrication that can introduce contamination. In this paper, a compact drill is reported that uses a single piezoelectric actuator to produce hammering and rotation of the bit. A horn with asymmetric grooves was designed to impart a longitudinal (hammering) and transverse force (rotation) to a keyed free mass. The drill requires low axial pre-load since the hammering-impacts fracture the rock under the bit kerf and rotate the bit to remove the powdered cuttings while augmenting the rock fracture via shear forces. The vibrations 'fluidize' the powdered cuttings inside the flutes reducing the friction with the auger surface. This action reduces the consumed power and heating of the drilled medium helping to preserve the pristine content of the acquired samples. The drill consists of an actuator that simultaneously impacts and rotates the bit by applying force and torque via a single piezoelectric stack actuator without the need for a gearbox or lever mechanism. This can reduce the development/fabrication cost and complexity. In this paper, the drill mechanism will be described and the test results will be reported and discussed.