gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist guanfacine improves memory in aged monkeys without sedative or hypotensive side effects: evidence for alpha-2 receptor subtypes (1988)

The present study attempted to identify an alpha-2 agonist that could improve working memory in aged nonhuman primates without the marked hypotensive and sedative side effects produced by clonidine. Toward this end, the hypotensive, sedative, and memory-altering properties of the alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, B-HT920 and guanfacine, were compared with clonidine's effects in 9 aged rhesus monkeys. Memory capacity was assessed by a variable delay, spatial delayed response paradigm that requires the animal to remember information over short temporal intervals and to update this information on every trial. B-HT920 was found to produce a dose-response profile qualitatively similar to, but weaker than, clonidine: low doses impaired memory and began to lower blood pressure and produce sedation, while high doses improved memory. In contrast, guanfacine produced a dose-response profile opposite to that seen with clonidine: low doses improved memory without inducing hypotension or sedation, while the memory-impairing, hypotensive, and sedating properties of the drug were observed at higher doses. The potency of the 3 agonists to lower blood pressure was clonidine = B-HT920 greater than guanfacine; sedation was affected in the order clonidine greater than B-HT920 greater than guanfacine; for memory impairment, as measured by performance on the delayed response task, the rank order potency was clonidine greater than B-HT920 greater than guanfacine, while for memory improvement it was guanfacine greater than clonidine greater than B-HT920. These differences in rank order potency are consistent with the recent proposal of alpha-2 receptor subtypes, a rauwolscine-sensitive site (Rs) that binds clonidine greater than B-HT920 greater than guanfacine and a rauwolscine-insensitive site (Ri) that binds guanfacine greater than clonidine greater than B-HT920 (Boyajian and Leslie, 1987). The data suggest that the hypotensive, sedating, and memory-impairing effects of alpha-2 agonists may be due to actions at one subtype of receptor (Rs), while the memory-enhancing effects of these drugs may result from actions at another alpha-2 receptor subtype, the Ri site. The ability of low doses of guanfacine to improve memory without inducing hypotension or sedation indicates that this agonist may be an excellent candidate for treating memory disorders in man.
Acetolactate Synthase from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Serves as a 2-Ketoisovalerate Decarboxylase for Isobutanol Biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2009)

A pathway toward isobutanol production previously constructed in Escherichia coli involves 2-ketoacid decarboxylase (Kdc) from Lactococcus lactis that decarboxylates 2-ketoisovalerate (KIV) to isobutyraldehyde. Here, we showed that a strain lacking Kdc is still capable of producing isobutanol. We found that acetolactate synthase from Bacillus subtilis (AlsS), which originally catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of pyruvate to form 2-acetolactate, is able to catalyze the decarboxylation of KIV like Kdc both in vivo and in vitro. Mutational studies revealed that the replacement of Q487 with amino acids with small side chains (Ala, Ser, and Gly) diminished only the decarboxylase activity but maintained the synthase activity.
Direct growth of three-dimensional multicomponent micropatterns of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes interposed with their multi-walled counterparts on Al-activated iron substrates (2007)

Vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-SWNTs) have been synthesized by an Al-activated plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. On this basis, we have developed a facile but effective method for direct growth of multicomponent micropatterns of VA-SWNTs interposed within the patterned areas surrounded by vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWNTs) onto an Al-activated iron substrate. The Al-activated iron substrate was prepared by region-selectively depositing an Al thin layer on either an Fe-coated substrate or a commercially available iron foil. This simple approach allows for an effective integration of various aligned carbon nanotubes with different electronic characteristics into multifunctional materials and devices.
Development of novel antibodies for detection of mobile colistin-resistant bacteria contaminated in meats (2018)

The recent discovery and rapid spread of mobile colistin-resistant gene, mcr-1, among bacteria isolated from a broad range of sources is undermining our ability to treat bacterial infections and threatening human health and safety. To prevent further transfer of colistin resistance, practical and reliable methods for mcr-1-containing bacteria are need. In this study, standards and novel polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against MCR-1 were developed. Among nine mAbs, three were MCR-1 specific and six cross-reacted with both MCR-1 and MCR-2. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established using the polyclonal antibody as a capturer and the mAb MCR-1-7 as a detector. The assay had a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/mL for MCR-1 and 0.1 ng/mL for MCR-2 in buffer with coefficients of variation (CV) less than 15%. When applied to ground beef, chicken and pork, this ELISA identified samples inoculated with less than 0.4 cfu/g of meat, demonstrating its strong tolerance to complex food matrices. To our knowledge, this is the first immunoassay developed for MCR-1 and MCR-2. It should be useful for prompt and reliable screening of meat samples contaminated with plasmid-borne colistin-resistant bacteria, thus reducing human risk of foodborne infections with possibly no antibiotic treatment options.
Efficient HIV-1 inhibition by a 16 nt-long RNA aptamer designed by combining in vitro selection and in silico optimisation strategies (2014)

The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) genome contains multiple, highly conserved structural RNA domains that play key roles in essential viral processes. Interference with the function of these RNA domains either by disrupting their structures or by blocking their interaction with viral or cellular factors may seriously compromise HIV-1 viability. RNA aptamers are amongst the most promising synthetic molecules able to interact with structural domains of viral genomes. However, aptamer shortening up to their minimal active domain is usually necessary for scaling up production, what requires very time-consuming, trial-and-error approaches. Here we report on the in vitro selection of 64 nt-long specific aptamers against the complete 5'-untranslated region of HIV-1 genome, which inhibit more than 75% of HIV-1 production in a human cell line. The analysis of the selected sequences and structures allowed for the identification of a highly conserved 16 nt-long stem-loop motif containing a common 8 nt-long apical loop. Based on this result, an in silico designed 16 nt-long RNA aptamer, termed RNApt16, was synthesized, with sequence 5'-CCCCGGCAAGGAGGGG-3'. The HIV-1 inhibition efficiency of such an aptamer was close to 85%, thus constituting the shortest RNA molecule so far described that efficiently interferes with HIV-1 replication.
BotGraph: large scale spamming botnet detection (2009)

Network security applications often require analyzing huge volumes of data to identify abnormal patterns or activities. The emergence of cloud-computing models opens up new opportunities to address this challenge by leveraging the power of parallel computing. In this paper, we design and implement a novel system called BotGraph to detect a new type of botnet spamming attacks targeting major Web email providers. Bot-Graph uncovers the correlations among botnet activities by constructing large user-user graphs and looking for tightly connected subgraph components. This enables us to identify stealthy botnet users that are hard to detect when viewed in isolation. To deal with the huge data volume, we implement BotGraph as a distributed application on a computer cluster, and explore a number of performance optimization techniques. Applying it to two months of Hotmail log containing over 500 million users, BotGraph successfully identified over 26 million botnetcreated user accounts with a low false positive rate. The running time of constructing and analyzing a 220GB Hotmail log is around 1.5 hours with 240 machines. We believe both our graph-based approach and our implementations are generally applicable to a wide class of security applications for analyzing large datasets. 1
A Technique to Reduce Phase/Frequency Modulation Bandwidth in a Polar RF Transmitter (2010)

A polar modulator for wireless RF transmitters nonlinearly transforms complex-valued Cartesian baseband modulating signal into amplitude and phase components of the polar coordinate representation before they are recombined in a power amplifier. The resulting explosion in the bandwidth requirements of the polar components can so far be only tolerated for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">narrowband</i> transmitters, such as EDGE of the 2G cellular. To enable polar topology for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wideband</i> transmitters, we propose a technique that alters the signal trajectory such that it avoids crossing (and proximity) of the constellation origin. The resulting substantial decrease of the polar modulator bandwidth is traded off against slight increase of in-band modulation distortion and adjacent channel leakage. We illustrate effectiveness of this method using wideband CDMA (WCDMA) of the 3G cellular. The technique is first mathematically analyzed for various tradeoffs followed by high-level modeling and simulation results. Since the technique is fully contained in the digital domain, its performance effects on the entire RF transmitter can be accurately simulated. A digital architecture to implement the proposed technique is also presented.
Interactive tone mapping for High Dynamic Range video (2010)

Despite considerable progress in HDR image tone mapping for the past decade, little work has been done for HDR video. For applications such as film post-production, the capability of local tone manipulation is highly regarded by the content creators. This paper presents an interactive tone mapping scheme for HDR video sequences. It provides a simple scribble/stroke based interface for local tone manipulation and is capable of propagating user input information throughout a video sequence by using Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and edge preserving filtering. The experimental results demonstrated its effectiveness for HDR video tone mapping as well as its flexibility for users to easily and intuitively manipulate the appearance of the video while maintaining temporal consistency.
Measurement of the local slope of a surface by vibrating-sample heterodyne interferometry: a new method in scanning microscopy (1993)

A heterodyne interferometer that uses a vibrating sample has been constructed for surface diagnostics. This interferometer provides a detailed profile of the local slope and/or roughness of a surface. A complete three-dimensional image of a surface can be obtained.
Inhibition of bladder cancer development by allyl isothiocyanate (2009)

Bladder cancer is one of the common human cancers and also has a very high recurrence rate. There is a great need for agents capable of inhibiting bladder cancer development and recurrence. Here, we report that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), an ingredient of many common cruciferous vegetables, potently inhibited the proliferation of bladder carcinoma cell lines in vitro [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 2.7-3.3 microM], which was associated with profound G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis. In contrast, AITC was markedly less toxic to normal human bladder epithelial cells (IC(50) of 69.4 microM). AITC was then evaluated in two rat bladder cancer models in vivo (an orthotopic model and a subcutaneous model). The orthotopic model closely mimics human bladder cancer development and recurrence. We show that a low oral dose of AITC (1 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the development and muscle invasion of the orthotopic bladder cancers but was ineffective against the subcutaneous xenografts of the same cancer cells in the same animals. This differential effect was explained by our finding that urinary levels of AITC equivalent were two to three orders of magnitude higher than that in the plasma and that its levels in the orthotopic cancer tissues were also three orders of magnitude higher than that in the subcutaneous cancer tissues. Moreover, we show that AITC is a multi-targeted agent against bladder cancer. In conclusion, AITC is selectively delivered to bladder cancer tissue through urinary excretion and potently inhibits bladder cancer development and invasion.
Self‐Filtered Narrowband Perovskite Photodetectors with Ultrafast and Tuned Spectral Response (2017)

Abstract Combining bandpass filters with broadband photodetectors is the most common way to detect light within a specific spectral range in many applications that need to detect only the light within desired spectral range. Here, a method is reported to realize narrowband spectral response of perovskite photodetectors by applying hybrid perovskites layers with the same or a slightly larger bandgap as filters, which are integrated into perovskite photodetectors. The narrowband photodetectors have a full width at half maximum of 28 nm due to the sharp absorption edges of perovskite materials, and the light rejection ratio is above 1000. By tuning the bandgaps of perovskite filters and the associated perovskite layers in the detectors, the response bands are continuously tuned in the whole visible light region to satisfy different applications. Superior to the thick single crystal narrowband perovskite photodetectors, the naorrowband peroskite detectors with this design have a very high response speed only limited by the resistance capacitance constant.
Additive‐Free Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanorods with Reaction Temperature‐Tunable Aspect Ratios (2014)

The ability to control the morphology of fluorite‐structured cerium oxide nanomaterials is an important step in the design of cerium oxide‐based catalysts. Herein, we report an additive‐free synthesis of cerium oxide nanorods with highly tunable aspect ratios from ~6:1 to 40:1. The use of a microwave hydrothermal method allows for both rapid synthesis and temperature control. The ability to control the length of the nanorods from <51 nm to >1.7 μm by varying only the reaction temperature was demonstrated over a temperature range of 80°C to 200°C. The formation of the resulting nanorods was investigated using selected‐area electron‐diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The surface area of nanorod products was found to decrease from 117 to 22 m 2 /g as the reaction temperature increased from 80°C to 200°C, complementing the general trend of the increasing aspect ratios of these products.
Thermoacoustic sound projector: exceeding the fundamental efficiency of carbon nanotubes (2018)

The combination of smooth, continuous sound spectra produced by a sound source having no vibrating parts, a nanoscale thickness of a flexible active layer and the feasibility of creating large, conformal projectors provoke interest in thermoacoustic phenomena. However, at low frequencies, the sound pressure level (SPL) and the sound generation efficiency of an open carbon nanotube sheet (CNTS) is low. In addition, the nanoscale thickness of fragile heating elements, their high sensitivity to the environment and the high surface temperatures practical for thermoacoustic sound generation necessitate protective encapsulation of a freestanding CNTS in inert gases. Encapsulation provides the desired increase of sound pressure towards low frequencies. However, the protective enclosure restricts heat dissipation from the resistively heated CNTS and the interior of the encapsulated device. Here, the heat dissipation issue is addressed by short pulse excitations of the CNTS. An overall increase of energy conversion efficiency by more than four orders (from 10<sup>-5</sup> to 0.1) and the SPL of 120 dB re 20 μPa @ 1 m in air and 170 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m in water were demonstrated. The short pulse excitation provides a stable linear increase of output sound pressure with substantially increased input power density (>2.5 W cm<sup>-2</sup>). We provide an extensive experimental study of pulse excitations in different thermodynamic regimes for freestanding CNTSs with varying thermal inertias (single-walled and multiwalled with varying diameters and numbers of superimposed sheet layers) in vacuum and in air. The acoustical and geometrical parameters providing further enhancement of energy conversion efficiency are discussed.
Notice of Removal: Improved selection of optimal acoustic output power for subharmonic aided pressure estimation of portal hypertension (2017)

Removed.
New CD-SEM metrology method for the side wall angle measurement using multiple detectors (2011)

A new metrology method for CD-SEM has been developed to measure the side wall angle of a pattern on photomask. The height and edge width of pattern can be measured by the analysis of the signal intensity profile of each channel from multiple detectors in CD-SEM. The edge width is measured by the peak width of the signal intensity profile. But it is not possible to measure the accurate edge width of the pattern, if the edge width is smaller than the primary electron beam diameter. Using four detectors, the edge width can be measured by the peak width which appears on the subtracting signal profile of two detectors in opposition to each other. Therefore, the side wall angle can be calculated if the pattern height is known. The shadow of the side wall appears in the signal profile from the detector of the opposite side of the side wall. Furthermore, we found that there was the proportional relation between pattern height and the shadow length of the signal on one side. This paper describes a method of measuring the side wall width of a pattern and experimental results of the side wall angle measurements.
Glass interposer integrated dual-band millimeter wave TGV antenna for inter-/intra chip and board communications (2016)

A dual-band and dual-mode millimeter wave through glass via (TGV) antenna integrated in a glass interposer layer has been designed for wireless inter-/intra chip and board communications. A disc loaded TGV antenna is configured as a directional patch mode for out-of-plane communications at 62 GHz (WiGig), where the disc is a main radiating element, while the antenna operates as an omni-directional monopole mode for in-plane communications at 77 GHz (W-band), where the vertical via is a main radiating element. As the glass interposer layer serves as an antenna hosting material as well as an electromagnetic wave channel medium for wireless communications, low dielectric loss glass substrates with a loss tangent of 0.0036 are adopted.
UHF Passive RFID Tag Antennas (2010)

This chapter examines printed antennas, microstrip antennas that are applied specifically to RFID tag antennas. It describes theoretical factors that affect the printed dipole antennas, and ways to mitigate negative effects of electrically short dipole antennas. The chapter shows how to construct the antenna using short conductive traces, and presents a circuit theory that can be used to obtain broadband impedance matching. It covers some of the basics of the impedance matching for the microstrip antennas. The chapter presents an example of a particular antenna that behaves both as a dipole and microstrip dipole, depending on the environment as an example of the kinds of trade-offs that are required for electrically small, narrowband microstrip antennas. Finally, it covers some of the manufacturing issues with the RFID, including fabricating the antenna and methods of attaching the IC to the antenna. Controlled Vocabulary Terms impedance matching; microstrip antennas; passive RFID tag antennas; passive RFID tags
A Library Approach to Cationic Amphiphilic Polyproline Helices that Target Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria (2018)

A number of pathogenic bacteria reproduce inside mammalian cells and are thus inaccessible to many antimicrobial drugs. Herein, we present a facile method to a focused library of antibacterial agents known as cationic amphiphilic polyproline helices (CAPHs). We identified three CAPHs from the library with superior cell penetration within macrophages and excellent antibacterial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These cell-penetrating antibacterial CAPHs have specific subcellular localizations that allow for targeting of pathogenic bacteria at their intracellular niches, a unique feature that promotes the successful clearance of intracellular pathogens ( Salmonella, Shigella, and Listeria) residing within macrophages. Furthermore, the selected CAPHs also significantly reduced bacterial infections in an in vivo model of Caenorhabditis elegans, with minimal in vivo toxicity.
In vitro and in vivo Characterization of a New Organic Nitrate Hybrid Drug Covalently Bound to Pioglitazone (2014)

In summary, the results of these studies demonstrate that CLC-3000 contains a vasodilative and antithrombotic activity that is not evident with pioglitazone alone, and that 7 days of exposure in vivo showed no typical signs of nitrate tolerance, endothelial dysfunction or other safety concerns in Wistar rats.
Highly accurate, reliable, and non-contaminating two-dimensional material transfer system (2022)

The exotic properties of two-dimensional materials and heterostructures, built by forming heterogeneous multi-layered stacks, have been widely explored across several subject matters following the goal to invent, design, and improve applications enabled by these materials. Successfully harvesting these unique properties effectively and increasing the yield of manufacturing two-dimensional material-based devices for achieving reliable and repeatable results is the current challenge. The scientific community has introduced various experimental transfer systems explained in detail for exfoliation of these materials; however, the field lacks statistical analysis and the capability of producing a transfer technique enabling (i) high transfer precision and yield, (ii) cross-contamination free transfer, (iii) multi-substrate transfer, and (iv) rapid prototyping without wet chemistry. Here, we introduce a novel two-dimensional material deterministic transfer system and experimentally show its high accuracy, reliability, repeatability, and non-contaminating transfer features by demonstrating fabrication of two-dimensional material-based optoelectronic devices featuring novel device physics and unique functionality. The system paves the way toward accelerated two-dimensional material-based device manufacturing and characterization. Such rapid and material analyzing prototype capability can accelerate not only layered materials science in discovery but also engineering innovations.