gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet and Platelet-derived Microparticle Surface Factor V/Va Binding in Whole Blood: Differences between Neonates and Adults (2000)

Platelet-derived microparticles (PDMP) appear to play a major role in the generation of procoagulant activity. In this study, we describe a novel flow cytometric method that allows direct evaluation of the procoagulant activity of PDMP and platelets in the physiological milieu of whole blood. The percent PDMP generated in response to calcium ionophore A23187 and calcium was increased in preterm neonates (67.5+/-3.4%, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 8, p <0.05) and term neonates (67.2+/-2.7%, n = 7, p<0.05) compared with adults (49.5+/-3.4%, n = 13). However, in preterm neonates A23187/calcium-induced binding of factor V/Va to PDMP and platelets (22.8+/-5.6 fluorescence units) was markedly reduced (p <0.05) compared to term neonates (58.2+/-7.2) and adults (50.6+/-6.3). In preterm blood, A23187/calcium-induced binding of factor V/Va to PDMP and platelets returned to adult levels when: a) adult plasma, rather than autologous preterm neonatal plasma, was added; or b) factor V, but not factor VIII, was added to autologous preterm neonatal plasma. In summary: 1) We have developed a flow cytometric method for the direct detection of procoagulant PDMP and platelets in whole blood. 2) Compared to adults and term neonates, PDMP and platelets of preterm neonates bound markedly less factor V/Va (reflecting reduced procoagulant activity), because of a relative lack of factor V in preterm neonates. 3) This procoagulant defect in PDMP and platelets may contribute to the propensity of preterm neonates, but not term neonates, to intraventricular hemorrhage. 4) The percent PDMP does not necessarily reflect the degree of procoagulant activity of PDMP or platelets.
Spinal codes (2012)

Spinal codes are a new class of rateless codes that enable wireless networks to cope with time-varying channel conditions in a natural way, without requiring any explicit bit rate selection. The key idea in the code is the sequential application of a pseudo-random hash function to the message bits to produce a sequence of coded symbols for transmission. This encoding ensures that two input messages that differ in even one bit lead to very different coded sequences after the point at which they differ, providing good resilience to noise and bit errors. To decode spinal codes, this paper develops an approximate maximum-likelihood decoder, called the bubble decoder, which runs in time polynomial in the message size and achieves the Shannon capacity over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and binary symmetric channel (BSC) models. Experimental results obtained from a software implementation of a linear-time decoder show that spinal codes achieve higher throughput than fixed-rate LDPC codes, rateless Raptor codes, and the layered rateless coding approach of Strider, across a range of channel conditions and message sizes. An early hardware prototype that can decode at 10 Mbits/s in FPGA demonstrates that spinal codes are a practical construction.
BBK07, a Dominant In Vivo Antigen of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, Is a Potential Marker for Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease (2009)

One of the recently identified Borrelia burgdorferi immunogens, BBK07, is characterized for its expression in the spirochete infection cycle and evaluated for its potential use as a serodiagnostic marker for Lyme disease. We show that the BBK07 gene is expressed at extremely low levels in vitro and in ticks but is dramatically induced by spirochetes once introduced into the host and is highly expressed throughout mammalian infection. In contrast, the expression of BBK12, a paralog of BBK07 with 87% amino acid identity, although expressed in vitro, remained undetectable in vivo throughout murine infection and in ticks. BBK07 is localized in the outer membrane, and the amino-terminal domain of the antigen is exposed on the microbial surface. A truncated BBK07 protein representing the amino-terminal domain is able to effectively detect antibodies to B. burgdorferi, both in experimentally infected mice and in humans. Further characterization of the immunodominant antigens of B. burgdorferi, such as BBK07, could contribute to the development of novel serodiagnostic markers for detection of Lyme disease.
Energy Transfer Fluorescent Labels for DNA Sequencing and Analysis (2005)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology has done much to enhance DNA sequencing capabilities and the Human Genome Project. The enhanced emission intensities and improved spectral purity provided by ET primers and terminators have led to a major improvement in the performance of automated DNA sequencers. Fluorescent ET dye-labels should be equally valuable for the analysis of PCR fragments, restriction fragments, single nucleotide polymor-phisms, and microsatellites in research, pharmaceutical, and health care diagnostic applications.
Production of Heavy Duty Asphalt Mixes with MWCNT/SBS Nanocomposite Modified Asphalt-Binder (2014)

This paper presents the research results of asphalt modification with a MWCNT/SBS nanocomposite, the preparation of nanocomposite asphalt mixes, some rheological properties of the modified asphalts, their microstructural characterization, and the dynamic evaluation of the asphalt mixes. The rheological properties of the modified asphalts were comparatively studied to choose the best composition to prepare the asphalt mixes. The microstructure of the SBS polymer nanocomposite and the nanocomposite modified asphalt were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A good dispersion of nanotubes was observed in the nanocomposite modified asphalt, as well as a progressive increase in the diameter of the nanotubes in the nanocomposites. From the experimental results, there is a positive influence of the nanotubes dispersion in the aging resistance of the modified asphalt. Asphalt mixes prepared with this new nanocomposite modified asphalt are not susceptible to moisture damage (tensile strength ratio = 97%), experienced 68% of the permanent deformation of the mixes prepared with plain SBS modified asphalt. The results further showed that the nanocomposite modified asphalt-binder can be used to prepare high modulus asphalt pavements with Pen 60/70 asphalt-binder.
High-Pressure Microhydraulic Actuator (2003)

Actuation forces of 2.1 and 5.3 pounds (9.3 and 24 N) at velocities of 1 and 0.5 mm/s have been demonstrated with compact electrokinetic pumps producing 200 μL/min at 400 psi (2.8 MPa) and 100 μL/min at 1000 psi (6.9 MPa). This output compares favorably with electromechanical actuators (solenoid, piezoelectric, stepper motor) of similar size and is achieved silently and with no moving parts. Electrokinetic pump monoliths based on phase-separated porous methacrylate polymer monoliths and slurry-packed, sintered silica monoliths have been developed that can generate electrokinetic pressures of 3 psi/V (21 kPa/V) and 8 psi/V (6.9 kPa/V), respectively. Corresponding maximum power conversion efficiencies of 1% and 3% have been demonstrated in 10 mM TRIS-HCI at pH 8.5. Gas-bubble-free electrodes have been demonstrated to deliver 2 mA and seal to 1200 psi (8.3 MPa) for microhydraulic actuation.
Split pocket p-n-i-n tunnel field-effect transistors (2013)

In the search for a sufficiently high on-current in tunnel field-effect transistors (TFET), the p-n-i-n configuration, featuring a pocket at the source side, has led to improved on-currents and subthreshold swings (SS) compared to the typical p-i-n configuration. We demonstrate through fully quantum mechanical simulations that the SS and off-current of a normally-on p-n-i-n TFET degrade with increasing body thickness. We show that a solution is to decrease the pocket thickness, such that the device becomes normally-off. As an alternative, we present a split pocket configuration, which delivers a similar SS and on-current enhancement as a full pocket configuration, while being almost insensitive to body thickness. Thicker split pockets than full pockets are possible, while maintaining the performance enhancement compared to a p-i-n TFET.
Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrite accumulation in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor (1997)

The biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactor can treat wastewater at a high volumetric loading rate combined with a low sludge loading. Two BAS reactors were operated, with an ammonium load of 5 kg N/(m(3) d), in order to study the influence of biomass and oxygen concentration on the nitrification process. After start-up the nitrifying biomass in the reactors gradually increased up to 30 g VSS/L. Due to this increased biomass concentration the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient was negatively influenced. The resulting gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration (over a 2-month period) was associated with a concomitantly nitrite build-up. Short term experiments showed a similar relation between dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and nitrite accumulation. It was possible to obtain full ammonium conversion with approximately 50% nitrate and 50% nitrite in the effluent. The facts that (i) nitrite build up occurred only when DO dropped, (ii) the nitrite formation was stable over long periods, and (iii) fully depending on DO levels in short term experiments, led to the conclusion that it was not affected by microbial adaptations but associated with intrinsic characteristics of the microbial growth system. A simple biofilm model based on the often reported difference of oxygen affinity between ammonium and nitrite oxydizers was capable of adequately describing the phenomena.Measurements of biomass density and concentration are critical for the interpretation of the results, but highly sensitive to sampling procedures. Therefore we have developed an independent method, based on the residence time of Dextran Blue, to check the experimental methods. There was a good agreement between procedures.The relation between biomass concentration, oxygen mass transfer rate and nitrification in a BAS reactor is discussed. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wrist flexor muscles of elite rowers measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1989)

We used phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study skeletal muscle metabolism of trained vs. untrained humans. The forearms of highly trained rowers (n = 10) and age-matched controls were placed in a 1.9-T magnet so that the wrist flexor muscles were placed over a 4-cm transmitting and receiving coil. The subjects performed work by depressing a handle attached to an isokinetic ergometer. Relative concentrations of Pi, phosphocreatine (PCr), and ATP were measured along with intracellular pH. Measurements were made at rest, during steady-state and ramp exercise protocols, and during recovery from exercise. At rest the rowers had Pi/PCr that were not different from control. During steady-state exercise rowers (n = 4) had lower Pi/PCr at the same relative power levels, and the slope of the power vs. Pi-PCr curve was significantly greater than for controls. Rowers (n = 4) also had faster rates of PCr recovery after exercise than controls (T1/2 of 24 +/- 2.0 s for rowers and 47 +/- 8.4 s for controls) when power level was adjusted so that all subjects recovered from the same level of Pi/PCr. During a ramp exercise protocol, the initial slope of the power vs. Pi-PCr curve was greater in three of six rowers compared with controls and at the highest power level rowers had lower Pi/PCr values with less drop in pH. At the end of the ramp test, the same degree of muscle fatigue was associated with much lower levels of H2PO-4 (5.7 +/- 0.70 mM) in rowers compared with controls (13.0 +/- 1.8 mM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A New Automode Switch Algorithm for Supraventricular Tachycardias (1994)

Patients with complete heart block on a spontaneous, or iatrogenic basis who also have recurrent supraventricular tachycardias, particularly atrial fibrillation and flutter, are often difficult to manage. Various techniques include: independently programmable maximum tracking and maximum sensor rates, limiting the maximum atrial tracking rate to the sensor response of the pacemaker, or automatically switching from DDDR to VVIR based upon the sensed atrial rate. This article will describe a mode switch algorithm that allows for an independently programmable atrial tachycardia detection rate (ATDR). This allows mode switching to occur only in response to the patient's pathological tachyarrhythmia, and not during normal upper rate response. The ATDR is based upon a filtered atrial rate, which will prevent an isolated premature beat from initiating the algorithm. In addition, the unit can be programmed to switch to either DDI, DDIR, VVI, or VVIR. Extensive event counters in the pulse generator allows the system to record and store the number of algorithm activations, the average atrial rate which triggered each mode switch, and the duration of the mode switch. These reports are accessible at each follow-up visit.
Metabolic Engineering of the Chloroplast Genome Using the <i>Echerichia coli ubi</i>C Gene Reveals That Chorismate Is a Readily Abundant Plant Precursor for p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Biosynthesis (2004)

p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) is the major monomer in liquid crystal polymers. In this study, the Escherichia coli ubiC gene that codes for chorismate pyruvate-lyase (CPL) was integrated into the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) chloroplast genome under the control of the light-regulated psbA 5' untranslated region. CPL catalyzes the direct conversion of chorismate, an important branch point intermediate in the shikimate pathway that is exclusively synthesized in plastids, to pHBA and pyruvate. The leaf content of pHBA glucose conjugates in fully mature T1 plants exposed to continuous light (total pooled material) varied between 13% and 18% dry weight, while the oldest leaves had levels as high as 26.5% dry weight. The latter value is 50-fold higher than the best value reported for nuclear-transformed tobacco plants expressing a chloroplast-targeted version of CPL. Despite the massive diversion of chorismate to pHBA, the plastid-transformed plants and control plants were indistinguishable. The highest CPL enzyme activity in pooled leaf material from adult T1 plants was 50,783 pkat/mg of protein, which is equivalent to approximately 35% of the total soluble protein and approximately 250 times higher than the highest reported value for nuclear transformation. These experiments demonstrate that the current limitation for pHBA production in nuclear-transformed plants is CPL enzyme activity, and that the process becomes substrate-limited only when the enzyme is present at very high levels in the compartment of interest, such as the case with plastid transformation. Integration of CPL into the chloroplast genome provides a dramatic demonstration of the high-flux potential of the shikimate pathway for chorismate biosynthesis, and could prove to be a cost-effective route to pHBA. Moreover, exploiting this strategy to create an artificial metabolic sink for chorismate could provide new insight on regulation of the plant shikimate pathway and its complex interactions with downstream branches of secondary metabolism, which is currently poorly understood.
A Facile Strategy To Design Zeolite L Crystals with Tunable Morphology and Surface Architecture (2013)

Tailoring the anisotropic growth rates of materials to achieve desired structural outcomes is a pervasive challenge in synthetic crystallization. Here we discuss a method to selectively control the growth of zeolite crystals, which are used extensively in a wide range of industrial applications. This facile method cooperatively tunes crystal properties, such as morphology and surface architecture, through the use of inexpensive, commercially available chemicals with specificity for binding to crystallographic surfaces and mediating anisotropic growth. We examined over 30 molecules as potential zeolite growth modifiers (ZGMs) of zeolite L (LTL type) crystallization. ZGM efficacy was quantified through a combination of macroscopic (bulk) and microscopic (surface) investigations that identified modifiers capable of dramatically altering the cylindrical morphology of LTL crystals. We demonstrate an ability to tailor properties critical to zeolite performance, such as external porous surface area, crystal shape, and pore length, which can enhance sorbate accessibility to LTL pores, tune the supramolecular organization of guest-host composites, and minimize the diffusion path length, respectively. We report that a synergistic combination of ZGMs and the judicious adjustment of synthesis parameters produce LTL crystals with unique surface features, and a range of length-to-diameter aspect ratios spanning 3 orders of magnitude. A systematic examination of different ZGM structures and molecular compositions (i.e., hydrophobicity and binding moieties) reveal interesting physicochemical properties governing their efficacy and specificity. Results of this study suggest this versatile strategy may prove applicable for a host of framework types to produce unrivaled materials that have eluded more conventional techniques.
Europium and Sodium Codoped LiCaAlF$_{6}$ Scintillator for Neutron Detection (2011)

We grew Eu 2% and Na 0.5, 1, and 2% codoped LiCAF by the micropulling down method. In radioluminescence spectra, they showed intense emission peaking at 370nm due to Eu2+ 5d–4f transition. In particular, the light yield of Eu 2% Na 2%-doped LiCAF reached 40000 ph/n, which was about 30% higher than that of Eu:LiCAF.
ADAMTS13 turns 3 (2005)

It has now been 3 years since the von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving protease implicated in thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pathogenesis was identified as ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13). More than 50 ADAMTS13 mutations resulting in familial TTP have been reported. Considerable progress has also been realized toward understanding the role of ADAMTS13 in normal hemostasis, as well as the mechanisms by which ADAMTS13 deficiency contributes to TTP pathogenesis. Measurement of ADAMTS13 activity in TTP and other pathologic conditions also remains a focus of a substantial clinical research effort. Building on these studies, continued investigation of ADAMTS13 and VWF holds considerable promise for advancing the understanding of TTP pathogenesis and should lead to improved diagnosis and treatment for this important hematologic disease.
The Lithium‐Boron Alloy Anode in Molten Nitrate Electrolytes (1984)

Potentiostatic studies of Li(B) anodes in molten at 300°C indicate that at 80% peak open‐circuit voltage, a broad flat discharge at 780 mA cm−2 is obtained. Galvanostatic discharge studies show stable anode potentials more negative than −3V (vs. Ag+/Ag) in at 300 mA cm−2 over a temperature range of 270°–350°C. At temperatures above 350°C, deflagrations of the anode were often observed, particularly after deep discharge. Electrolyte composition is a key factor in determining the current density‐potential and potential‐temperature characteristics of the Li(B) anode in molten nitrates. Experiments in equimolar exhibit open‐circuit anode potentials up to 0.2V less electronegative to that seen in equimolar electrolyte. In a like fashion at 300 mA cm−2 and 300°C, the use of equimolar electrolyte results in Li(B) anode potentials up to 0.45V more positive than those seen in equilmolar electrolyte and up to 0.85V more positive than that seen in electrolyte. Single cell tests integrating the Li(B) anode with existing silver ion cathode technology exhibit stable cell potentials in excess of 3V at 300 mA cm−2 at 300°C. The two phase composition of the Li(B) alloy allows for exceptional anode stability at the high anode potential of elemental lithium.
<title>Novel whispering-gallery resonators for lasers, modulators, and sensors</title> (2001)

This report describes novel whispering-gallery resonators with added physical properties, including a micro-toroidal cavity with large free spectral range ~4OOGHz and finesse >104, a lithium niobatespherical cavity in a high-efficiency X-band electro-optic modulator, and an immersed silica microsphere as high-resolution chemical sensor.
Abbreviated GaN metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy growth mode on nano-patterned sapphire for enhanced efficiency of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (2010)

Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) nucleation studies of GaN on planar sapphire and nano-patterned AGOG
(Deposition of Aluminum, Growth of Oxide, and Grain growth) sapphire substrates were conducted. The use of
abbreviated GaN growth mode, which utilizes a process of using 15nm low temperature GaN buffer and bypassing etchback
and recovery processes during epitaxy, enables the growth of high-quality GaN template on nano-patterned AGOG
sapphire. The GaN template grown on nano-patterned AGOG sapphire by employing abbreviated growth mode has two
orders of magnitude lower threading dislocation density than that of conventional GaN template grown on planar
sapphire. The use of abbreviated growth mode also leads to significant reduction in cost of the epitaxy. The growths and
characteristics of InGaN quantum wells (QWs) light emitting diodes (LEDs) on both templates were compared. The
InGaN QWs LEDs grown on the nano-patterned AGOG sapphire demonstrated a 24% enhancement of output power
enhancement over that of LEDs grown on conventional GaN templates.
Three-Dimensional Vibrational Imaging by Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (1999)

Confocal [1] and multiphoton [2] fluorescence microscopy have become powerful techniques for threedimensional imaging of chemical and biological samples, especially for live cells. This coincides with developments of various natural and artificial fluorescent probes for cellular constituents [3]. For chemical species or cellular components that either do not fluoresce or cannot tolerate labeling, infrared microscopy and spontaneous Raman microscopy can be used as contrast mechanisms based on vibrational properties. Conventional infrared microscopy is limited to low spatial resolution because of the long wavelength of light used. High resolution Raman microscopy of biological samples has been demonstrated with a confocal microscope [4]. However, the intrinsically weak Raman signal necessitates high laser powers (typically .10 mW) and is often overwhelmed by the fluorescence background of the sample. A multiphoton microscopy based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) [5] was put forward as an alternative way of providing vibrational contrast [6]. However, the sensitivity of CARS microscopy was limited by the nonresonant background signal, and high resolution three-dimensional sectioning was not achieved. In the study reported here, we demonstrate CARS microscopy in the chemically interesting vibrational spectral region around 3000 cm21 with high spatial resolution and three-dimensional sectioning capability. Most importantly, the use of near-infrared laser pulses generated by a Ti:sapphire laser s,855 nmd and an optical parametric oscillator/amplifier s,1.2 mmd allows a significant improvement in signal to background ratio in CARS detection. Unlike spontaneous Raman microscopy, the highly sensitive CARS microscopy requires only a moderate average power for excitation s,0.1 mWd, tolerable by most biological samples. CARS spectroscopy has been extensively used as a spectroscopic tool for chemical analyses in the condensed and gas phases [7]. In doing CARS spectroscopy, a pump laser and a Stokes laser beam, with center frequencies of np and nS , respectively, are spatially overlapped. The CARS signal at 2np 2 nS is generated in a direction determined by the phase-matching conditions. When the frequency difference np 2 nS coincides with the frequency of a molecular vibration of the sample, the CARS