gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient intelligent system for the classification of electroencephalography (EEG) brain signals using nuclear features for human cognitive tasks (2019)

Representation and classification of Electroencephalography (EEG) brain signals are critical processes for their analysis in cognitive tasks. Particularly, extraction of discriminative features from raw EEG signals, without any pre-processing, is a challenging task. Motivated by nuclear norm, we observed that there is a significant difference between the variances of EEG signals captured from the same brain region when a subject performs different tasks. This observation lead us to use singular value decomposition for computing dominant variances of EEG signals captured from a certain brain region while performing a certain task and use them as features (nuclear features). A simple and efficient class means based minimum distance classifier (CMMDC) is enough to predict brain states. This approach results in the feature space of significantly small dimension and gives equally good classification results on clean as well as raw data. We validated the effectiveness and robustness of the technique using four datasets of different tasks: fluid intelligence clean data (FICD), fluid intelligence raw data (FIRD), memory recall task (MRT), and eyes open / eyes closed task (EOEC). For each task, we analyzed EEG signals over six (06) different brain regions with 8, 16, 20, 18, 18 and 100 electrodes. The nuclear features from frontal brain region gave the 100% prediction accuracy. The discriminant analysis of the nuclear features has been conducted using intra-class and inter-class variations. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art techniques showed the superiority of the proposed system.
Rapid aqueous [18F]-labeling of a bodipy dye for positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality imaging (2011)

We report the rapid nucleophilic [(18)F]-radiolabeling of a bodipy dye in aqueous solutions. This radiolabeled dye, whose biodistribution and clearance has been studied in mice, is stable in vivo and can be used as a positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality imaging agent.
Bone fracture risk assessing method involves inserting test probe through periosteum and soft tissue on bone, so as to evaluate resistance of bone to microscopic fracture (2007)

NOVELTY - The test probe (100) is inserted through periosteum and/or soft tissue on a bone, such that the test probe contacts the bone. The test probe is inserted multiple times into same location of the bone, to create one or more microscopic fractures in the bone for evaluating the resistance of the bone to microscopic fracture. USE - For assessing risk of bone fracture of human and animal. ADVANTAGE - The diagnostic instrument directly determines indications of fracture risk through microcrack inducement, to enable multitudes of patients at risk to receive preventative therapy before suffering a fracture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) diagnostic instrument for assessing bone fracture risk; (2) test instrument for determining properties of bone; and (3) combination of test probe and reference probe for diagnostic instrument.
94-GHz 0.1- mu m T-gate low-noise pseudomorphic InGaAs HEMTs (1990)

Fabrication of state-of-the-art W-band 0.1- mu m T-gate pseudomorphic (PM) InGaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is reported. This device achieved a noise figure of 2.1 dB with an associated gain of 6.3 dB at 93.5 GHz. The device has a maximum gain of 9.6 dB at 94 GHz, which extrapolates to an F/sub max/ of 290 GHz. This noise figure is claimed to be the lowest ever reported for HEMTs fabricated on GaAs substrates at this frequency range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robust stereo with flash and no-flash image pairs (2012)

We propose a new stereo technique using a pair of flash and no-flash stereo images that is both efficient and robust in handling occlusion boundaries. Our work is motivated by the observation that the brightness variations introduced by the flash can provide a robust cue for establishing stereo matches at occlusion boundaries. This photometric cue is computed per pixel, and though on its own is not robust to reliably resolve depth, it can provide a new discriminant to support patch-based stereo matching algorithms. Our experiments using a hand-held Fujifilm W3 3D camera show satisfying stereo performance over a variety of scenes, including several outdoor scenes.
Metastable states in magnetic nanorings (2003)

Magnetization states and hysteresis behavior of small ferromagnetic rings, of diameters 180--520 nm, have been investigated using magnetic force microscopy. In addition to the expected bi-domain (``onion'') and flux-closed (``vortex'') magnetization states, a metastable state has been found. This ``twisted'' state contains a 360\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} domain wall which can exist over a wide range of applied fields. Four possible configurations of the twisted state are possible. Micromagnetic modeling shows that the twisted state is stabilised in small diameter, narrow rings. Additionally, more complex configurations such as double twisted states with two 360\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} walls have been observed.
Investigation of Noninvasive <i>in vivo</i> Blood Hematocrit Measurement Using NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy and Partial Least-Squares Regression (2000)

Hematocrit (Hct), the volume percent of red cells in blood, is monitored routinely for blood donors, surgical patients, and trauma victims and requires blood to be removed from the patient. An accurate, noninvasive method for directly measuring hematocrit on patients is desired for these applications. The feasibility of noninvasive hematocrit measurement by using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and partial least-squares (PLS) techniques was investigated, and methods of in vivo calibration were examined. Twenty Caucasian patients undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly selected to form two study groups. A fiber-optic probe was attached to the patient's forearm, and NIR spectra were continuously collected during surgery. Blood samples were simultaneously collected and reference Hct measurements were made with the spun capillary method. PLS multivariate calibration techniques were applied to investigate the relationship between spectral and Hct changes. Single patient calibration models were developed with good cross-validated estimation of accuracy (∼ 1 Hct%) and trending capability for most patients. Time-dependent system drift, patient temperature, and venous oxygen saturation were not correlated with the hematocrit measurements. Multi-subject models were developed for prediction of independent subjects. These models demonstrated a significant patient-specific offset that was shown to be partially related to spectrometer drift. The remaining offset is attributed to the large spectral variability of patient tissue, and a significantly larger set of patients would be required to adequately model this variability. After the removal of the offset, the cross-validated estimation of accuracy is 2 Hct%.
Alkyl chain length effects on solid-state difluoroboron β-diketonate mechanochromic luminescence (2011)

Solid-state difluoroboron β-diketonate dyes display reversible mechanochromic luminescence (ML). To test the effects of alkyl chain length on solid state photoluminescence and ML, a series of dyes, BF2dbmOR, with dibenzoylmethane (dbm) ligands and alkoxyl substituents (–OR) were prepared, where R = CnH2n+1 and n = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 14, 16, 18. Emission properties were investigated in solution and in the solid state. Fluorescence spectra and lifetimes were nearly identical for dyes in CH2Cl2 solution; whereas, in the solid state, as powders, thin films or spin cast films, emission maxima, and lifetimes were different among the samples. Solid-state ML emission spectra were monitored at room temperature as a function of time for smeared powders on quartz surfaces. The recovery time generally increased with alkyl chain length, ranging from minutes (n = 3) to days (n = 18). Longer chain analogues (n = 6, 12, 14, 16, 18) did not fully return to the original annealed emissive state even after months on quartz, though the dynamics are substrate dependent. Solid-state dyes were also investigated by XRD and DSC (powders), and by AFM (spin cast films).
An absolute optical encoder using modulated-photo-diode arrays (2000)

In this paper, a compact absolute optical linear encoder is proposed. The index scale of the proposed encoder has the two track (80μm and 2mm pitches), which consist of the pitch-modulated grating and slit-width-modulated grating, respectively. Using the modulated gratings, the harmonic noises of the encoder signals are decreased. Moreover, the respective lines of the slit-width-modulated grating are divided and re-distributed in the index scale to suppress the sensing error due to the contamination on the scale. By fabricating the index scale with silicon photodiode arrays, the proposed advantages are confirmed experimentally.
Achieving budget-balance with Vickrey-based payment schemes in exchanges (2001)

Generalized Vickrey mechanisms have received wide attention in the literature because they are efficient and strategy-proof, i.e. truthful bidding is optimal whatever the bids of other agents. However it is well-known that it is impossible for an exchange, with multiple buyers and sellers, to be efficient and budget-balanced, even putting strategy-proofness to one side. A market-maker in an efficient exchange must make more payments than it collects. We enforce budget-balance as a hard constraint, and explore payment rules to distribute surplus after an exchange clears to minimize distance to Vickrey payments. Different rules lead to different levels of truth-revelation and efficiency. Experimental and theoretical analysis suggest a simple Threshold scheme, which gives surplus to agents with payments further than a certain threshold value from their Vickrey payments. The scheme appears able to exploit agent uncertainty about bids from other agents to reduce manipulation and boost allocative efficiency in comparison with other simple rules.
Retinal imaging using adaptive optics spectral domain optical coherence tomography and line scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (2006)

The design of a retinal imaging system is presented. Adaptive optics OCT and line scanning laser ophthalmoscopy are employed. Both large field and small field high resolution imaging of the retina are demonstrated.
The Saccharomyces telomere-binding protein Cdc13p interacts with both the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha and the telomerase-associated est1 protein. (2000)

Saccharomyces telomeres consist of approximately 350 bp of C(1-3)A/TG(1-3) DNA. Most of this approximately 350 bp is replicated by standard, semiconservative DNA replication. After conventional replication, the C(1-3)A strand is degraded to generate a long single strand TG(1-3) tail that can serve as a substrate for telomerase. Cdc13p is a single strand TG(1-3) DNA-binding protein that localizes to telomeres in vivo. Genetic data suggest that the Cdc13p has multiple roles in telomere replication. We used two hybrid analysis to demonstrate that Cdc13p interacted with both the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase alpha, Pol1p, and the telomerase RNA-associated protein, Est1p. The association of these proteins was confirmed by biochemical analysis using full-length or nearly full-length proteins. Point mutations in either CDC13 or POL1 that reduced the Cdc13p-Pol1p interaction resulted in telomerase mediated telomere lengthening. Over-expression of the carboxyl terminus of Est1p partially suppressed the temperature sensitive lethality of a cdc13-1 strain. We propose that Cdc13p's interaction with Est1p promotes TG(1-3) strand lengthening by telomerase and its interaction with Pol1p promotes C(1-3)A strand resynthesis by DNA polymerase alpha.
Tunneling magnetic force microscopy (1993)

We have developed a powerful new tool for studying the magnetic patterns on magnetic recording media. This was accomplished by modifying a conventional scanning tunneling microscope. The fine-wire probe that is used to image surface topography was replaced with a flexible magnetic probe. Images obtained with these probes reveal both the surface topography and the magnetic structure. We have made a thorough theoretical analysis of the interaction between the probe and the magnetic fields emanating from a typical recorded surface. Quantitative data about the constituent magnetic fields can then be obtained. We have employed these techniques in studies of two of the most important issues of magnetic record: data overwrite and maximizing data-density. These studies have shown: (1) overwritten data can be retrieved under certain conditions; and (2) improvements in data-density will require new magnetic materials. In the course of these studies we have developed new techniques to analyze magnetic fields of recorded media. These studies are both theoretical and experimental and combined with the use of our magnetic force scanning tunneling microscope should lead to further breakthroughs in the field of magnetic recording.
Mitrochondrial NADH dehydrogenase in cystic fibrosis. (1979)

We have shown that skin fibroblast from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from carriers for CF [heterozygotes (HZ)] consume more O2 than do their controls. When the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor rotenone was added to the cells, the relative inhibition of O2 consumption was CF greater than HZ greater than controls (P less than 0.005 in both comparisons). Because rotenone specifically inhibits NADH dehydrogenase, [NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.3], which is the enzyme of energy-conserving site 1 of the mitochondrial electron transport system, activity and kinetics of this enzyme system were studied in fibroblast homogenates. NADH dehydrogenase activity was equal in cells from the three genotypes. At pH 8.0, affinity of the enzyme for its substrate was CF greater than HZ = controls; at pH 8.6, affinity was CF greater than HZ = controls (P less than 0.005 for the differences). pH optima for the genotypes were without exception 8.6 (CF), 8.3 (HZ), and 8.0 (control). HZ and control lines were distinguished unequivocally in a blind test on the basis of differences in pH optima. Purified mitochondrial preparations revealed pH optima identical to those found in whole cell homogenates. These data suggest that the mutant gene responsible for CF is expressed in the complex mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase system.
Use of Pre-S Protein-Containing Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigens and a Powerful Adjuvant To Develop an Immune Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (2011)

A hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has been developed using a new adjuvant and HBV surface antigens produced from a CHO cell line. The purified HBV surface antigens are composed of L protein, M protein, and S protein in a mixture of 20- and 40-nm-diameter particles and filamentous forms. This HBV surface antigen, formulated with L-pampo, a proprietary adjuvant, induced 10 times more antibody than the same antigen with alum and was capable of inducing strong immune responses in three different HBV transgenic mice. In spite of the presence of a large amount of HBV antigen in the blood, no antibody against HBV surface antigen was normally detected in these transgenic mice. After immunization, the HBV antigen was also cleared from the blood.
Encrypted Data Management with Deduplication in Cloud Computing (2016)

Cloud computing plays an important role in supporting data storage, processing, and management in the Internet of Things (IoT). To preserve cloud data confidentiality and user privacy, cloud data are often stored in an encrypted form. However, duplicated data that are encrypted under different encryption schemes could be stored in the cloud, which greatly decreases the utilization rate of storage resources, especially for big data. Several data deduplication schemes have recently been proposed. However, most of them suffer from security weakness and lack of flexibility to support secure data access control. Therefore, few can be deployed in practice. This article proposes a scheme based on attribute-based encryption (ABE) to deduplicate encrypted data stored in the cloud while also supporting secure data access control. The authors evaluate the scheme's performance based on analysis and implementation. Results show the efficiency, effectiveness, and scalability of the scheme for potential practical deployment.
NCAP: Network-Driven, Packet Context-Aware Power Management for Client-Server Architecture (2017)

The rate of network packets encapsulating requests from clients can significantly affect the utilization, and thus performance and sleep states of processors in servers deploying a power management policy. To improve energy efficiency, servers may adopt an aggressive power management policy that frequently transitions a processor to a low-performance or sleep state at a low utilization. However, such servers may not respond to a sudden increase in the rate of requests from clients early enough due to a considerable performance penalty of transitioning a processor from a sleep or low-performance state to a high-performance state. This in turn entails violations of a service level agreement (SLA), discourages server operators from deploying an aggressive power management policy, and thus wastes energy during low-utilization periods. For both fast response time and high energy-efficiency, we propose NCAP, Network-driven, packet Context-Aware Power management for client-server architecture. NCAP enhances a network interface card (NIC) and its driver such that it can examine received and transmitted network packets, determine the rate of network packets containing latency-critical requests, and proactively transition a processor to an appropriate performance or sleep state. To demonstrate the efficacy, we evaluate on-line data-intensive (OLDI) applications and show that a server deploying NCAP consumes 37~61% lower processor energy than a baseline server while satisfying a given SLA at various load levels.
Serologic Correlates of Immunity in a Tetravalent Reassortant Rotavirus Vaccine Trial (1997)

The correlation of antibody responses (serum rotavirus IgA and neutralizing antibody to serotype G1-G4 human rotaviruses and rhesus rotavirus [RRV]) in a reassortant rotavirus vaccine trial with protection against rotavirus infection or disease was investigated. Most subjects administered 4 x 10(5) pfu of either the serotype G1 monovalent or serotype G1-G4 tetravalent vaccine seroconverted for at least one of the six antibodies (85% and 91%, respectively). However, fewer than one-third seroconverted to any prototype G1-G4 human rotavirus. Analyses of covariance indicated that higher prevaccination neutralizing antibody titers negatively affected postvaccination titers. Significant relationships were found between several postvaccination rotavirus antibody titers and protection, and serotype-specific correlates of protection were identified between anti-Wa titers and G1 illnesses (P = .03) and between anti-RRV titers and G3 illnesses (P < .001). Overall, however, serotype-specific immunity was no more significant than heterotypic immunity, and no specific titer of any antibody analyzed was a reliable indicator of protection.
Co-targeting EGFR and survivin with a bivalent aptamer-dual siRNA chimera effectively suppresses prostate cancer (2016)

Current targeted therapies using small kinase inhibitors and antibodies have limited efficacy in treating prostate cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer death in American men. We have developed a novel strategy by engineering an RNA-based aptamer-siRNA chimera, in which a bivalent aptamer specifically binds prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) via an antibody-like structure to promote siRNA internalization in PCa cells, and two siRNAs specific to EGFR and survivin are fused between two aptamers. The chimera is able to inhibit EGFR and survivin simultaneously and induce apoptosis effectively in vitro and in vivo. In the C4-2 PCa xenograft model, the treatment with the chimera significantly suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis. The inhibition of angiogenesis is mediated by an EGFR-HIF1α-VEGF-dependent mechanism. Our results support that the bivalent aptamer-driven delivery of two siRNAs could be a new combination therapeutic strategy to effectively inhibit multiple and conventionally "undruggable" targets.
Study of Free Piston Vuilleumier Heat Pump. Performance Characteristics of Prototype Machine at Forced Vibration. (1996)

Dynamic motion of displacers and basic performance characteristics at forced vibration of a free piston Vuilleumier heat pump (FPVM) were investigated experimentally and compared with 2nd order simulation results. One of a pair of one hot and one cold displacer was driven by a linear motor. Sensitivity studies were conducted with respect to key operational and environmental parameters such as driving frequency, hot gas temperature and motor input power. The dependences of phase angle and strokes of displacers on the basic performance of the Vuilleumier heat pump were also examined by driving both displacers of the FPVM prototype machine in order to investigate the performance characteristics of the FPVM operated at various phase angles and strokes. The dependence of the phase angle on the driving frequency of the hot displacer was opposite of the dependence on the driving frequency of the cold displacer. It was found that the simulation results agreed well qualitatively with the results of experiments.
Development of Inhibitors of the PAS-B Domain of the HIF-2α Transcription Factor (2013)

Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are heterodimeric transcription factors induced in a variety of pathophysiological settings, including cancer. We describe the first detailed structure-activity relationship study of small molecules designed to inhibit HIF-2α-ARNT heterodimerization by binding an internal cavity of the HIF-2α PAS-B domain. Through a series of biophysical characterizations of inhibitor-protein interactions (NMR and X-ray crystallography), we have established the structural requirements for artificial inhibitors of the HIF-2α-ARNT PAS-B interaction. These results may serve as a foundation for discovering therapeutic agents that function by a novel mode of action.
R-D based quantization in H.264 (2009)

In this paper, a rate-distortion optimized quantization scheme is described with application to H.264 video encoding. An efficient implementation of H.264 macroblock level adaptive quantization parameter selection is also described. Together these two encoder-only changes can achieve on average over 6% bit rate reduction under common testing conditions that are used in the H.264 standardization community. The described techniques provide this improvement in compression capability while retaining conformance of the encoded data to the H.264 standard. Thus, full compatibility with standard decoders can be achieved when applying these techniques.
High-speed multi-block-row layered decoding for Quasi-cyclic LDPC codes (2014)

Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes are used in numerous digital communication and storage systems. Layered LDPC decoding converges faster. To further increase the throughput, multiple block rows of the QC parity check matrix can be included in a layer. However, the maximum achievable clock frequency of the prior multi-block-row layered decoder is limited by the long critical path. This paper reformulates the involved equations so that the updating of the messages belonging to different block rows in a layer does not depend on any common intrinsic message. This enables the removal of one adder and one routing network from the critical path. As a result, the proposed design can reach substantially higher clock frequency than prior design, and achieves effective throughput-area tradeoff.