gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aliphatic Polyimides Derived from Polyalicyclic Monomers (2001)

Tetracarboxylic dianhydrides bearing a polyalicyclic structure, bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic 2,3:5,6-dianhydrides (BHDA), bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic 2,3:5,6-dianhydrides (BODA), (4arH,8acH)decahydro-1t,4t:5c,8c-dimethanonaphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic 2,3:6,7-dianhydrides (DNDA), and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-exo,3-exo,5-exo-tricarboxyl-5-endo-acetic 2,3:5,5-dianhydride (BSDA) were synthesized and polycondensated with aromatic diamines or a polyalicyclic diamine, bis(aminomethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (BBH), in DMAc, NMP, DMI or HMPA at room temperature or 60–105°C under nitrogen. The polymerization solutions gave the flexible and free-standing polyimide films after being cast on glass plates and then cured. The films were soluble in aprotic polar solvents such as DMAc and NMP at room temperature. Among the films, some dissolved in CHCl 3 or 1,4-dioxane. The polyimides showed good thermal stability and the 5% weight loss temperatures in N 2 were over 450°C. The polyimide films exhibited T g values in the range of 280–400°C. The cutoff wavelengths of the non-aromatic polyimides such as PI(DNDAdx-BBH) and PI(BHDAdx-BBH) were shorter than 235 nm, and around 290–330 nm for the semi-aromatic polyimides. The transparencies in the visible region (400–780 nm) were over 85%. The flexible polyimide films possessed an average refractive index range of 1.522–1.617, and the optical anisotropies were 0.000–0.017. The dielectric constant ε values that were estimated from the refractive indices according to the modified Maxwell’s equation were 2.55–2.87.
The relevance of inflammatory markers in metabolic syndrome. (2014)

Inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome depends on the number and association of elements that define this entity and it is more accentuated for subjects who associate more elements.
CYCLIC HYDROXAMIC ACIDS AS OXYGENATING AGENTS – CONVERSION OF IMINES TO ANILIDES (2001)

Cyclic hydroxamic acid mediated functional group modification of an imine to anilide is reported.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of whole Ageratum conyzoides and Emilia sonchifolia alcoholic extracts in animal models (2012)

This study was designed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects ofAgeratum conyzoides and Emilia sonchifolia alcoholic extracts in animal models. Analgesic effects have been investigated in acetic acid induced writhing model and formalin induced licking model of Swiss albino mice. Anti-inflammatory effect was investigated in carrageenan induced anti-inflammatory paw edema model of Wistar albino rat. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. In a dose-dependent response, A. conyzoides and E. sonchifolia extracts inhibited 49.85 and 39.47% of acetic acid induced pain at the highest dose 2.0 g/kg body weight (BW). These effects were statistically significant (P < 0.05) as compared to the reference drug, diclofenac sodium (40 mg/kg). A. conyzoides reduced 35.48% and E. sonchifolia reduced 38.70% of formalin induced pain by 2.0 g/kg which were also statistically significant (P < 0.05) as compared to morphine (0.5 mg/kg). In a time-dependent inhibition of carrageenan induced paw edema model, the extracts of A. conyzoides and E. sonchifoliapromoted 50.23 and 48.11% inhibition of paw edema at the 4th hour of administration, respectively and the effects were statistically significant (P < 0.05). No mortality was observed in acute toxicity test. Observed results demonstrate an effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of the extracts to be used as complementary and alternative therapy.

	 

	Key words: Ageratum, Emilia, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, carrageenan.
Acoustic logic gates and Boolean operation based on self-collimating acoustic beams (2015)

The reveal of self-collimation effect in two-dimensional (2D) photonic or acoustic crystals has opened up possibilities for signal manipulation. In this paper, we have proposed acoustic logic gates based on the linear interference of self-collimated beams in 2D sonic crystals (SCs) with line-defects. The line defects on the diagonal of the 2D square SCs are actually functioning as a 3 dB splitter. By adjusting the phase difference between two input signals, the basic Boolean logic functions such as XOR, OR, AND, and NOT are achieved both theoretically and experimentally. Due to the non-diffracting property of self-collimation beams, more complex Boolean logic and algorithms such as NAND, NOR, and XNOR can be realized by cascading the basic logic gates. The achievement of acoustic logic gates and Boolean operation provides a promising approach for acoustic signal computing and manipulations.
Singlet−Singlet and Triplet−Triplet Energy Transfer in Bichromophoric Peptides (1999)

Intramolecular singlet−singlet (SSET) and triplet−triplet (TTET) energy transfer processes were studied in solution in two bichromophoric peptides using absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, laser flash photolysis, and molecular modeling/dynamics. Compound I, a dipeptide formed by coupling 2-naphthyl-l-alanine and 4‘-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine (naphthalene and benzophenone chromophores), undergoes intramolecular SSET from the naphthyl chromophore to the benzophenone chromophore as indicated by singlet lifetime measurements as well as a reduction in the intensity of the steady-state fluorescence emission relative to 2-naphthyl-l-alanine itself. Results of the lifetime experiments coupled with modeling studies suggest that SSET is consistent with a Förster mechanism, although other mechanisms cannot be ruled out. Low-temperature phosphorescence and room-temperature laser flash photolysis results indicate that intramolecular TTET from the benzophenone group to the naphthyl moiety proceeds with a rate constant, k > 108 s-1 (lower limit). Compound II consists of the same two chromophores appended to the backbone of a 14-residue peptide in which the chromophores are separated by two alanine−α-aminoisobutyric acid−alanine tripeptides and each end of the peptide is capped with an identical tripeptide. Circular dichroism measurements and molecular modeling/molecular dynamics calculations demonstrate an α-helical secondary structure for this peptide in acetonitrile solvent. Intramolecular SSET is again suggested by steady-state and lifetime measurements and, in this case, only the Förster mechanism is required to account for the observed rate. Laser flash photolysis measurements in acetonitrile and 50:50 ethanol/methanol again give evidence for rapid intramolecular TTET, with k > 108 s-1. In contrast, phosphorescence spectra of II in methyltetrahydrofuran and 50:50 ethanol/methanol exhibit strong benzophenone emission consistent with inefficient TTET. This behavior is attributed to the ability of the low-temperature matrix to prevent the chromophores from achieving conformations conducive to good orbital overlap.
Ubiquitylome analysis identifies dysregulation of effector substrates in SPOP-mutant prostate cancer (2014)

Cancer genome characterization has revealed driver mutations in genes that govern ubiquitylation; however, the mechanisms by which these alterations promote tumorigenesis remain incompletely characterized. Here, we analyzed changes in the ubiquitin landscape induced by prostate cancer-associated mutations of SPOP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein. SPOP mutants impaired ubiquitylation of a subset of proteins in a dominant-negative fashion. Of these, DEK and TRIM24 emerged as effector substrates consistently up-regulated by SPOP mutants. We highlight DEK as a SPOP substrate that exhibited decreases in ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation resulting from heteromeric complexes of wild-type and mutant SPOP protein. DEK stabilization promoted prostate epithelial cell invasion, which implicated DEK as an oncogenic effector. More generally, these results provide a framework to decipher tumorigenic mechanisms linked to dysregulated ubiquitylation.
Mode detection, synchronization, and channel estimation for DVB-T OFDM receiver (2004)

A baseband receiver for DVB-T OFDM with variable number of subcarriers is presented in this paper. The proposed receiver consists of a blind mode detector, time and frequency synchronizer, and channel estimator. The blind mode detector uses a novel algorithm to detect the number of OFDM subcarriers in the received signal. Time and frequency synchronization is performed after the transmission mode is detected. Finally, channel estimation is performed using ID or 2D interpolation. Simulation results show that the proposed mode detection and synchronization algorithms are close to ideal, and good overall performance is achievable.
Relationship between the area of <i>L</i>2,3 x-ray absorption edge resonances and the <i>d</i> orbital occupancy in compounds of platinum and iridium (1982)

The relationship between the intensity of the L2 and L3 x-ray absorption threshold resonances and d orbital occupancy has been investigated for a series of compounds of platinum and iridium and the pure metals, using Xα-SW molecular orbital calculations to obtain the unoccupied d orbital states. The change in d orbital occupancy caused by formation of the core hole was found to be fairly constant in different compounds and the pure metal. The difference between the d orbital occupancy in platinum metal and the d orbital occupancy in a given platinum compound agrees well with the calculated effective charge on the platinum atom in the compound. The areas of the threshold resonance lines were obtained by a deconvolution of the absorption edge into a Lorentzian component and an underlying ’’step’’ representing the onset of absorption to continuum states. For a series of platinum compounds, a linear relationship was obtained between the unoccupied d orbital states calculated in the core hole potential, and the sum of the areas of the L2 and L3 threshold resonance lines (corrected for the different degeneracies of the initial state). However, this relationship could not be applied to IrO2 because of the absence of transitions to empty d states at the top of the valence band.
Single‐drop microextraction followed by in‐syringe derivatization and GC‐MS detection for the determination of parabens in water and cosmetic products (2009)

A single-drop microextraction (SDME) method followed by in-syringe derivatization and GC-MS determination has been developed for analysis of five parabens, including methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl and n-butyl paraben in water samples and cosmetic products. N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA) was used as derivatization reagent. Derivatization reaction was performed inside the syringe barrel using 0.4 microL of BSA. Parameters that affect the derivatization yield such as temperature and time of the reaction were studied. In addition, experimental SDME parameters such as selection of organic solvent, addition of salt, extraction time and extraction temperature were investigated and optimized. The RSD of the method for aqueous samples varied from 8.1 to 13%. The LODs ranged from 0.001 (n-butyl paraben) to 0.015 (methyl paraben) microg/L, and the enrichment factors were between 23 and 150.
Individualized medicine and the microbiome in reproductive tract (2015)

Humans have evolved along with the millions of microorganisms that populate their bodies. These microbes (10(14)) outnumber human cells by 10 to 1 and account for 3 × 10(6) genes, more than ten times the 25,000 human genes. This microbial metagenome acts as our "other genome" and like our own genes, is unique to the individual. Recent international efforts such as the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and the MetaHIT Project have helped catalog these microbial genomes using culture-independent, high-throughput, next-generation sequencing. This manuscript will describe recent efforts to define microbial diversity in the female reproductive tract because of the impact that microbial function has on reproductive efficiency. In this review, we will discuss current evidence that microbial communities are critical for maintaining reproductive health and how perturbations of microbial community structures can impact reproductive health from the aspect of infection, reproductive cyclicity, pregnancy, and disease states. Investigations of the human microbiome are propelling interventional strategies from treating medical populations to treating individual patients. In particular, we highlight how understanding and defining microbial community structures in different disease and physiological states have lead to the discovery of biomarkers and, more importantly, the development and implementation of microbial intervention strategies (probiotics) into modern day medicine. Finally this review will conclude with a literature summary of the effectiveness of microbial intervention strategies that have been implemented in animal and human models of disease and the potential for integrating these microbial intervention strategies into standard clinical practice.
Enhanced aging properties of HKUST-1 in hydrophobic mixed-matrix membranes for ammonia adsorption (2016)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in their free powder form have exhibited superior capacities for many gases when compared to other materials, due to their tailorable functionality and high surface areas. Specifically, the MOF HKUST-1 binds small Lewis bases, such as ammonia, with its coordinatively unsaturated copper sites. We describe here the use of HKUST-1 in mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) prepared from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) for the removal of ammonia gas. These MMMs exhibit ammonia capacities similar to their hypothetical capacities based on the weight percent of HKUST-1 in each MMM. HKUST-1 in its powder form is unstable toward humid conditions; however, upon exposure to humid environments for prolonged periods of time, the HKUST-1 MMMs exhibit outstanding structural stability, and maintain their ammonia capacity. Overall, this study has achieved all of the critical and combined elements for real-world applications of MOFs: high MOF loadings, fully accessible MOF surfaces, enhanced MOF stabilization, recyclability, mechanical stability, and processability. This study is a critical step in advancing MOFs to a stable, usable, and enabling technology.
Network Properties of the Dentate Gyrus in Epileptic Rats With Hilar Neuron Loss and Granule Cell Axon Reorganization (1997)

Neuron loss in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and granule cell axon reorganization have been proposed as etiologic factors in human temporal lobe epilepsy. To explore these possible epileptogenic mechanisms, electrophysiological and anatomic methods were used to examine the dentate gyrus network in adult rats that had been treated systemically with kainic acid. All kainate-treated rats, but no age-matched vehicle-treated controls, were observed to have spontaneous recurrent motor seizures beginning weeks to months after exposure to kainate. Epileptic kainate-treated rats and control animals were anesthetized for field potential recording from the dentate gyrus in vivo. Epileptic kainate-treated rats displayed spontaneous positivities ("dentate electroencephalographic spikes") with larger amplitude and higher frequency than those in control animals. After electrophysiological recording, rats were perfused and their hippocampi were processed for Nissl and Timm staining. Epileptic kainate-treated rats displayed significant hilar neuron loss and granule cell axon reorganization. It has been hypothesized that hilar neuron loss reduces lateral inhibition in the dentate gyrus, thereby decreasing seizure threshold. To assess lateral inhibition, simultaneous recordings were obtained from the dentate gyrus in different hippocampal lamellae, separated by 1 mm. The perforant path was stimulated with paired-pulse paradigms, and population spike amplitudes were measured. Responses were obtained from one lamella while a recording electrode in a distant lamella leaked saline or the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor antagonist bicuculline. Epileptic kainate-treated and control rats both showed significantly more paired-pulse inhibition when a lateral lamella was hyperexcitable. To assess seizure threshold in the dentate gyrus, two techniques were used. Measurement of stimulus threshold for evoking maximal dentate activation revealed significantly higher thresholds in epileptic kainate-treated rats compared with controls. In contrast, epileptic kainate-treated rats were more likely than controls to discharge spontaneous bursts of population spikes and to display stimulus-triggered afterdischarges when a focal region of the dentate gyrus was disinhibited with bicuculline. These spontaneous bursts and afterdischarges were confined to the disinhibited region and did not spread to other septotemporal levels of the dentate gyrus. Epileptic kainate-treated rats that displayed spontaneous bursts and/or afterdischarges had significantly larger percentages of Timm staining in the granule cell and molecular layers than epileptic kainate-treated rats that failed to show spontaneous bursts or afterdischarges. In summary, this study reveals functional abnormalities in the dentate gyri of epileptic kainate-treated rats; however, lateral inhibition persists, suggesting that vulnerable hilar neurons are not necessary for generating lateral inhibition in the dentate gyrus.
Kinetics for Drug Discovery: an industry-driven effort to target drug residence time (2017)

A considerable number of approved drugs show non-equilibrium binding characteristics, emphasizing the potential role of drug residence times for in vivo efficacy. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the kinetics of association and dissociation of a target-ligand complex might provide crucial insight into the molecular mechanism-of-action of a compound. This deeper understanding will help to improve decision making in drug discovery, thus leading to a better selection of interesting compounds to be profiled further. In this review, we highlight the contributions of the Kinetics for Drug Discovery (K4DD) Consortium, which targets major open questions related to binding kinetics in an industry-driven public-private partnership.
Bacterial Biofilm Inhibition: A Focused Review on Recent Therapeutic Strategies for Combating the Biofilm Mediated Infections (2021)

Biofilm formation is a major concern in various sectors and cause severe problems to public health, medicine, and industry. Bacterial biofilm formation is a major persistent threat, as it increases morbidity and mortality, thereby imposing heavy economic pressure on the healthcare sector. Bacterial biofilms also strengthen biofouling, affecting shipping functions, and the offshore industries in their natural environment. Besides, they accomplish harsh roles in the corrosion of pipelines in industries. At biofilm state, bacterial pathogens are significantly resistant to external attack like antibiotics, chemicals, disinfectants, etc. Within a cell, they are insensitive to drugs and host immune responses. The development of intact biofilms is very critical for the spreading and persistence of bacterial infections in the host. Further, bacteria form biofilms on every probable substratum, and their infections have been found in plants, livestock, and humans. The advent of novel strategies for treating and preventing biofilm formation has gained a great deal of attention. To prevent the development of resistant mutants, a feasible technique that may target adhesive properties without affecting the bacterial vitality is needed. This stimulated research is a rapidly growing field for applicable control measures to prevent biofilm formation. Therefore, this review discusses the current understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacterial biofilm and intensely emphasized the novel therapeutic strategies for combating biofilm mediated infections. The forthcoming experimental studies will focus on these recent therapeutic strategies that may lead to the development of effective biofilm inhibitors than conventional treatments.
The Behavior of Operating Earnings in the Norwegian Salmon Farming Industry (2015)

It is well known that salmon aquaculture is a cyclical industry with substantial price volatility. However, limited attention has been given to the economic performance of the firms in the industry or their valuation. In this article we look closer at earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) in the Norwegian salmon farming industry. This is among the most common accounting measures of firm performance, and it is also used extensively in firm valuations. We find that the components of earnings have different time series behavior. Our empirical analysis shows that earnings from the Norwegian salmon farming industry can be characterized as a random walk. However, earnings/kg of fish sold is a more predictable variable and is mean reverting with clear cycles.
Derailed Intraneuronal Signalling Drives Pathogenesis in Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer’s Disease (2014)

Although a wide variety of genetic and nongenetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors have been identified, their role in onset and/or progression of neuronal degeneration remains elusive. Systematic analysis of AD risk factors revealed that perturbations of intraneuronal signalling pathways comprise a common mechanistic denominator in both familial and sporadic AD and that such alterations lead to increases in Aβ oligomers (Aβo) formation and phosphorylation of TAU. Conversely, Aβo and TAU impact intracellular signalling directly. This feature entails binding of Aβo to membrane receptors, whereas TAU functionally interacts with downstream transducers. Accordingly, we postulate a positive feedback mechanism in which AD risk factors or genes trigger perturbations of intraneuronal signalling leading to enhanced Aβo formation and TAU phosphorylation which in turn further derange signalling. Ultimately intraneuronal signalling becomes deregulated to the extent that neuronal function and survival cannot be sustained, whereas the resulting elevated levels of amyloidogenic Aβo and phosphorylated TAU species self-polymerizes into the AD plaques and tangles, respectively.
Snapshot linear-Stokes imaging spectropolarimeter using division-of-focal-plane polarimetry and integral field spectroscopy (2017)

In this paper, the design and experimental demonstration of a snapshot linear-Stokes imaging spectropolarimeter (SLSIS) is presented. The SLSIS, which is based on division-of-focal-plane polarimetry with four parallel linear polarization channels and integral field spectroscopy with numerous slit dispersive paths, has no moving parts and provides video-rate Stokes-vector hyperspectral datacubes. It does not need any scanning in the spectral, spatial or polarization dimension and offers significant advantages of rapid reconstruction without heavy computation during post-processing. The principle and the experimental setup of the SLSIS are described in detail. The image registration, Stokes spectral reconstruction and calibration procedures are included, and the system is validated using measurements of tungsten light and a static scene. The SLSIS's snapshot ability to resolve polarization spectral signatures is demonstrated using measurements of a dynamic scene.