gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Immunohistochemistry, Electron Microscopy, and Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test for the Detection of Bovine Coronavirus (1998)

Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is 1 of the major causes of calf diarrhea and has also been implicated in respiratory infections of young calves and winter dysentery of adult cattle. Currently, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), direct fluorescent antibody (DFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques are considered standard methods for the diagnosis of BCV infection. However, these techniques are not useful if fresh tissues and intestinal contents are not available for examination. The detection of viral antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a suitable alternative. In the present study, 166 tissue specimens were tested by IHC for the presence of BCV. These tissues were from animals whose feces were positive for rotavirus and/or coronavirus by TEM. Some of these samples were also tested by DFA. Thus, TEM, DFA, and IHC were compared for the detection of BCV. There was 56% agreement among the 3 methods (overall kappa = 0.368). When IHC was compared with TEM, 78% agreement was observed (kappa = 0.475). Similarly, IHC and DFA had 64% agreement (kappa = 0.277). These kappa values indicate a moderate degree of agreement between IHC and TEM; agreement between IHC and DFA was fair. The results of this study indicate that IHC may be a suitable adjunct for the detection of BCV because of its simplicity, ease of use, and relatively close correlation with TEM results.
A new leather-making process for meeting eco-label standards: processing of goatskins (2006)

Eco-labels are used to guarantee the consumer a product meets certain minimum standards relating to its environmental impact during production, use or disposal, and to distinguish the product from competitors in a positive way. The leather industry, especially in developing countries, has provided economic benefits but suffers from a negative image due to the environmental impact pf tannery wastewaters, solid wastes and gas emissions. The conventional method of tanning involves a 'do-undo' process and subjects the skin or hide to wide variations in pH (2.8 - 13.0). This results in the emission of significant pollution loads, such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), sulfates, chlorides and chromium. In the approach demonstrated here, hair and flesh removal, as well as fiber opening, have been achieved using biocatalysts at pH 8.0; tanning using optimized pickle and basification-free chrome tanning followed by post-tanning using environmental benign chemicals. It has been found that the extent of hair removal and opening up of fiber bundles are comparable to that of control leathers. This has been substantiated through scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis and softness measurements. Performance of the leathers is shown to be on par with control chrome-tanned leathers through physical and hand evaluation. The shrinkage temperature of the leathers obtained from this optimized pickle and basification-free chrome tanning system is above 120°C. The process also exhibits significant reduction in BOD, COD, TDS and TS loads by 90, 92, 89 and 90%, respectively. Processed leathers satisfy the key parameters of both the Indian eco-mark standard and the German eco-label standards (Oko-Tex, SG (Schadstoff Gepruffl), LGR (Lederinstitut Gerberschule Reutlingen)). Finally, the developed process seems to be economically viable.
Immunoassay Reagents for Psychoactive Drugs. Part 3. Removal of Phenothiazine Interferences in the Quantification of Tricyclic Antidepressants (1993)

Phenothiazines and their metabolites are known to interfere in the quantification of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). A method for selective chemical modification of phenothiazines by chloramine-T in the presence of TCAs is described. This method allows for accurate quantification of the TCA analyte in a serum sample without interference from the modified phenothiazine.
Small Pulmonary Nodules: Reproducibility of Three-dimensional Volumetric Measurement and Estimation of Time to Follow-up CT (2004)

Factors that affect reproducibility of nodule volume measurements and critical time to follow-up CT include nodule size at detection, type of scan (baseline or annual repeat) on which the nodule is detected, and presence of patient-induced artifacts.
Frequency-selectable wireless actuation of hydrogel using micromachined resonant heaters toward implantable drug delivery applications (2009)

This paper describes a wireless actuation technique for microdevices that are controlled with radiofrequency magnetic fields, targeting at the application to implantable drug delivery devices. A thermoresponsive hydrogel serves as the actuator that is driven by the passive resonant circuit that effectively generates heat only when the field frequency is tuned to the resonant frequency of the circuit, inducing bulk squeezing of the material for drug release. The heater devices are microfabricated to have the resonant frequencies of 30-100 MHz, which are coupled with the hydrogel photo-patterned on the devices. The fabricated heaters provide temperature increase of up to 20degC at their resonances in a wireless set-up, causing ~40% shrinkage of the hydrogel. The frequency-defined release of a test solution is experimentally demonstrated using a fabricated device, which is shown to exhibit an active frequency range of ~2 MHz.
Mixing and Packing of Fine Particles of Different Sizes (2010)

Two different approaches for mixing different sizes of fine particles without segregation and simultaneously increasing the packing density of the mixture are presented. The first application requires uniform mixing of 300 and 30 μm aluminum oxide particles acting as surrogates for the explosive RDX. The packing density needs to be as high as possible and the particles need to be well-mixed to prevent local hot spots. This was accomplished by adding moisture to uniformly mix the particles and then removing the moisture to increase the packing density. The second application requires mixing coarse (2.3 mm) and fine (65 μm) silica aerogel particles; the aerogels are very porous and light and have a very low thermal conductivity. Here we want to fill the voids between the coarse particles with fine particles so that the bulk (or packing) density of the mixture is increased, thereby further increasing their insulating properties. This was done by combining a negative pressure (vacuum) with an external force field, such as sound waves or vibration.
Design of fast transforms for high-resolution image and video coding (2009)

We review design of 4-, 8-, and 16-point transforms currently used in image and video coding standards, and compare them with fast implementations of Discrete Cosine Transform of various other sizes (including non-dyadic even and odd numbers) in the range of 2-64. We show that among such transforms there exist few that offer better complexity/coding gain tradeoffs than current dyadic-sized transforms. In our construction and analysis we utilize an array of known techniques (such as Heideman's mapping between DCT and DFT, Winograd short length DFT modules, prime-factorand common-factor algorithms), and also offer a new factorization scheme for even-sized scaled transforms.
Method, Software and Aparatus for Segmenting a Series of 2D or 3D Images (2010)

he invention relates to an apparatus having means for segmenting a series of 2D or 3D images obtained by monitoring a patient's organ or other body part, wherein a first segmentation is carried out on a first image of the series of images and wherein the first segmentation is used for the subsequent segmentation of the remainder of images of said series of images. In relation to the images said means carry out a series of transformations wherein each separate transformation embodies a fitting operation between two images of said series of images, and wherein substantially all images of the series of images are subject of such a transformation.; The first segmentation on the first image of the series of images is modified and subsequently applied to any further image of the series of images according to the transformation or sequence of transformations that fits the said first image to said further image of the series of images.
Autocalibration of Multiprojector CAVE-Like Immersive Environments (2011)

In this paper, we present the first method for the geometric autocalibration of multiple projectors on a set of CAVE-like immersive display surfaces including truncated domes and 4 or 5-wall CAVEs (three side walls, floor, and/or ceiling). All such surfaces can be categorized as swept surfaces and multiple projectors can be registered on them using a single uncalibrated camera without using any physical markers on the surface. Our method can also handle nonlinear distortion in the projectors, common in compact setups where a short throw lens is mounted on each projector. Further, when the whole swept surface is not visible from a single camera view, we can register the projectors using multiple pan and tilted views of the same camera. Thus, our method scales well with different size and resolution of the display. Since we recover the 3D shape of the display, we can achieve registration that is correct from any arbitrary viewpoint appropriate for head-tracked single-user virtual reality systems. We can also achieve wallpapered registration, more appropriate for multiuser collaborative explorations. Though much more immersive than common surfaces like planes and cylinders, general swept surfaces are used today only for niche display environments. Even the more popular 4 or 5-wall CAVE is treated as a piecewise planar surface for calibration purposes and hence projectors are not allowed to be overlapped across the corners. Our method opens up the possibility of using such swept surfaces to create more immersive VR systems without compromising the simplicity of having a completely automatic calibration technique. Such calibration allows completely arbitrary positioning of the projectors in a 5-wall CAVE, without respecting the corners.
Superconducting metamaterials and qubits (2015)

Superconducting thin-film metamaterial resonators can provide a dense microwave mode spectrum with potential applications in quantum information science. We report on the fabrication and low-temperature measurement of metamaterial transmission-line resonators patterned from Al thin films. We also describe multiple approaches for numerical simulations of the microwave properties of these structures, along with comparisons with the measured transmission spectra. The ability to predict the mode spectrum based on the chip layout provides a path towards future designs integrating metamaterial resonators with superconducting qubits.
Bipolar Mode Static Induction Transistor (1980)

Junction gate static induction transistor (JSIT) is designed as normally-off device, where the channel is completely pinched-off by the gate to channel built-in voltage, thus establishing a potential barrier in the channel. An application of forward gate bias voltage lowers the potential barrier and allows the drain current to flow. This normally-off JSIT is called bipolar mode SIT (BSIT). Basic characteristics of BSIT is similar to that of bipolar transistor. BSIT is characterized by low impedance, high current gain, high transconductance and high current density, so that BSIT is promising for high current, high speed and high efficiency switching devices as well as low voltage and low energy integrated circuits. Basic operational principle of BSIT is described by feedback theory with a consideration to the virtual base resistance.
A novel all fiber magneto-optic on-off switch (2005)

This paper represents recent results and efforts in developing the concept and the implementation of an all fiber optical on-off switch based on Faraday Effect exhibited by magneto-optic (MO) materials such as rare earth doped iron garnets. The on-off function of the switch is useful for isolation and connection of node/nodes from the network without having to electronically turn off the laser. In this paper Faraday rotation of the polarization of light with a variable bias magnetic field is demonstrated. An extinction ratio of about 19dB is measured. It can be improved further by additional Faraday rotation created by another MO material in the light path. The interferometric configuration of the switch design reduces its dependence on the polarization. The biasing circuit for the magnetic field should be able to change the voltage rapidly in order to obtain fast operating time of the optical switch. The inductance of the coil used for generating the required magnetic field is the bottleneck for rapid switching of the magnetic field in the magneto-optic material. Circuits used to change the voltage across the bias circuit rapidly are discussed. The switching speed of magneto-optic materials depends on the speed of the domain walls. The switching time for the magneto-optic material will be discussed. Thick film ferrimagnetic bismuth-substituted rare-earth iron garnets are used as the Faraday rotators.
Synthesis of Dithio-Diphosphine (P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>COOH)-Based Bifunctional Chelating Agent. Its Coupling Reactions with Peptide Analogs and Steroids (1999)

Abstract Bifunctional chelating agents are important in the development of site-specific radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Recently. our Laboratory has developed a new dithio-diphosphine (P2S2COOH)-based bifunctional chelating agent [1]. Its coupling to biologically important molecules such as peptide analogs and steroids have been investigated in detail (Scheme I). The intermediate compound P2S2 phosphine hydride 3 was synthesized as described in scheme 1 [1]. The coupling of 3 with steroids such as 2/4 amino estrone/estrodiol and the peptide analog GlyGlyOEt was undertaken using peptide the coupling reagent HBTU in the presence of triethylamine. Furthermore. the P2S2GlyGlyOEt phosphine hydride was formylated using formaldehyde in ethanol and then complexed with a Re(V) precursor to yield the new Re(V) bioconjugate 5. This offers a potential mute to label biologically active peptides with radionuclides such as Tc-99m and Re-186/188 for use in cancm diagnosis and/or therapy.
On channel estimation of orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing amplify‐and‐forward cooperative relaying systems (2013)

This study investigates channel estimation for amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relaying systems. For a two‐hop relaying system, channel estimation of a relay path (source–relay–destination) with AF relaying is unique because both individual source‐to‐relay (S–R) and relay‐to‐destination (R–D) links are necessary at the destination to perform the optimum combination of signals received from the direct path (source‐to‐destination) and relay path if employing a cooperative diversity transmission. Until now, most literature about channel estimation on relaying systems has focused on the composite channel of the relay path, and not its individual links. Current methods to separate the estimation of both individual links require the relay to either deliver a quantised version of the S–R link estimate through an independent feed‐forward channel, or to perform discrete Fourier transform/inverse discrete Fourier transform operations before amplifying the received signals. In this study, the respective channel estimations are done at the destination. First, the destination utilises a relay amble (R‐amble) to obtain channel estimation of the R–D link. Next, exploiting the R–D link estimate, a maximum‐likelihood estimator is proposed for the S–R link in a decision‐directed (DD) way. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme out performs the current relay‐assisted methods in most circumstances. In addition, numerical results reveal that the mean‐square error can be significantly reduced in a DD way for symbol error rates of interest.
Long-Term Prediction of Lane Change Maneuver Through a Multilayer Perceptron (2020)

Behavior prediction plays an essential role in both autonomous driving systems and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), since it enhances vehicle's awareness of the imminent hazards in the surrounding environment. Many existing lane change prediction models take as input lateral or angle information and make short-term (<; 5 seconds) maneuver predictions. In this study, we propose a longer-term (5~10 seconds) prediction model without any lateral or angle information. Three prediction models are introduced, including a logistic regression model, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, and a recurrent neural network (RNN) model, and their performances are compared by using the real-world NGSIM dataset. To properly label the trajectory data, this study proposes a new time-window labeling scheme by adding a time gap between positive and negative samples. Two approaches are also proposed to address the unstable prediction issue, where the aggressive approach propagates each positive prediction for certain seconds, while the conservative approach adopts a roll-window average to smooth the prediction. Evaluation results show that the developed prediction model is able to capture 75% of real lane change maneuvers with an average advanced prediction time of 8.05 seconds.
Digital Reconstruction of Nonlinear Beam Propagation (2008)

We extend the technique of digital holography to the case of propagation through nonlinear media. We experimentally verify the technique by reconstructing nonlinear dynamics within a self-defocusing medium and nonlinearly imaging through it.
Large-scale synthesis of a cyclic hexapeptide analog of somatostatin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLarge-scale synthesis of a cyclic hexapeptide analog of somatostatinStephen F. Brady, Roger M. Freidinger, William J. Paleveda, Christiane D. Colton, Carl F. Homnick, Willie L. Whitter, Paul Curley, Ruth F. Nutt, and Daniel F. VeberCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 5, 764–769Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00381a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00381a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views597Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibitors of Protein Geranylgeranyltransferase I and Rab Geranylgeranyltransferase Identified from a Library of Allenoate-derived Compounds (2008)

Protein geranylgeranylation is critical for the function of a number of proteins such as RhoA, Rac, and Rab. Protein geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase-I) and Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (RabGGTase) catalyze these modifications. In this work, we first describe the identification and characterization of small molecule inhibitors of GGTase-I (GGTI) with two novel scaffolds from a library consisting of allenoate-derived compounds. These compounds exhibit specific inhibition of GGTase-I and act by competing with a substrate protein. Derivatization of a carboxylic acid emanating from the core ring of one of the GGTI compounds dramatically improves their cellular activity. The improved GGTI compounds inhibit proliferation of a variety of human cancer cell lines and cause G(1) cell cycle arrest and induction of p21(CIP1/WAF1). We also report the identification of novel small molecule inhibitors of RabGGTase. These compounds were identified first by screening our GGTI compounds for those that also exhibited RabGGTase inhibition. This led to the discovery of a common structural feature for RabGGTase inhibitors: the presence of a characteristic six-atom aliphatic tail attached to the penta-substituted pyrrolidine core. Further screening led to the identification of compounds with preferential inhibition of RabGGTase. These compounds inhibit RabGGTase activity by competing with the substrate protein. These novel compounds may provide valuable reagents to study protein geranylgeranylation.
Ranking Causal Anomalies for System Fault Diagnosis via Temporal and Dynamical Analysis on Vanishing Correlations (2017)

Detecting system anomalies is an important problem in many fields such as security, fault management, and industrial optimization. Recently, invariant network has shown to be powerful in characterizing complex system behaviours. In the invariant network, a node represents a system component and an edge indicates a stable, significant interaction between two components. Structures and evolutions of the invariance network, in particular the vanishing correlations, can shed important light on locating causal anomalies and performing diagnosis. However, existing approaches to detect causal anomalies with the invariant network often use the percentage of vanishing correlations to rank possible casual components, which have several limitations: (1) fault propagation in the network is ignored, (2) the root casual anomalies may not always be the nodes with a high percentage of vanishing correlations, (3) temporal patterns of vanishing correlations are not exploited for robust detection, and (4) prior knowledge on anomalous nodes are not exploited for (semi-)supervised detection. To address these limitations, in this article we propose a network diffusion based framework to identify significant causal anomalies and rank them. Our approach can effectively model fault propagation over the entire invariant network and can perform joint inference on both the structural and the time-evolving broken invariance patterns. As a result, it can locate high-confidence anomalies that are truly responsible for the vanishing correlations and can compensate for unstructured measurement noise in the system. Moreover, when the prior knowledge on the anomalous status of some nodes are available at certain time points, our approach is able to leverage them to further enhance the anomaly inference accuracy. When the prior knowledge is noisy, our approach also automatically learns reliable information and reduces impacts from noises. By performing extensive experiments on synthetic datasets, bank information system datasets, and coal plant cyber-physical system datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Terahertz-wave generation and frequency tuning via the femtosecond pulse train produced by a step mirror (2009)

Femtosecond optical pulse train is produced by the reflections on the step mirror which consists of two D-shape mirrors. The THz radiation is generated from the photoconductive antenna pumped by the pulse train and the frequency tuning is achieved by simply moving one of the D-shape mirrors in order to vary the step difference.