gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant-based inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis. The discovery of 6-[1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1-propen-3-yl]-2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranol, a potent topical antiinflammatory agent (1990)

The leukotrienes, metabolites of arachidonic acid produced through the action of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, are important mediators of immediate hypersensitivity and inflammation. Among the variety of diseases in which the leukotrienes may play a symptomatic or causative role is the dermatological condition psoriasis, a chronic proliferative disease of the skin. This study reports the synthesis and comparative biological activities of various ortho-substituted phenols including 4-methoxyphenols, 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzopyrans, 2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranols, and 5-benzofuranols. The phenols prepared in this study were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the production of leukotriene B4(LTB4) in isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and to inhibit a topical inflammatory response in the topical mouse ear (TME) model. In the former case, when the log IC50 was plotted versus the log of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log P), to eliminate the effect of lipophilicity, the 2,3-dihydro-5-benzofuranol ring system was shown to be more potent than the other ring systems examined throughout the range of partition coefficients studied. The ability to inhibit leukotriene production in vitro in human PMNs can be rationalized on the basis of a model that suggests that the observed inhibition is dependent on the kinetic ability of the inhibitor to reduce a radical species and on the fraction of inhibitor that is partitioned into the cell membrane. While the in vivo antiinflammatory activity as measured by the TME did not correlate with the in vitro data, it was felt that the TME represented a valuable measure of the ability of a compound to penetrate the skin to the site of an ongoing inflammatory response. Of the compounds synthesized in this study, 6-[1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-1-propen-3-yl]-2,3-dihydro-5-benzof uranol (1, L-651896) was chosen for further development.
Rewiring translation – Genetic code expansion and its applications (2012)

With few minor variations, the genetic code is universal to all forms of life on our planet. It is difficult to imagine that one day organisms might exist that use an entirely different code to translate the information of their genome. Recent developments in the field of synthetic biology, however, have opened the gate to their creation. The genetic code of several organisms has been expanded by the heterologous expression of evolved aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA(CUA) pairs that mediate the incorporation of unnatural amino acids in response to amber codons. These UAAs introduce exciting new features into proteins, such as spectroscopic probes, UV-inducible crosslinkers, and functional groups for bioorthogonal conjugations or posttranslational modifications. Orthogonal ribosomes provide a parallel translational machinery in Escherichia coli that has lost its evolutionary constraints. Evolved variants of these ribosomes translate amber or quadruplet codons with massively enhanced efficiency. Here, I review these recent developments emphasizing their tremendous potential to facilitate biochemical and cell biological studies.
Enhanced Resistance to<i>Spodoptera litura</i>in Endophyte Infected Cauliflower Plants (2013)

Endophytic fungi, which live within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of disease, are important mediators of plant-herbivore interactions. These endophytes enhance resistance of host plant against insect herbivores mainly by productions of various alkaloid based defensive compounds in the plant tissue or through alterations of plant nutritional quality. Two endophytic fungi, i.e., Nigrospora sp. and Cladosporium sp., were isolated from Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers, a traditional indian medicinal plant. Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) plants were inoculated with these two endophytic fungi. The effect of endophyte infected and uninfected cauliflower plants were measured on the survival and development of Spodoptera litura (Fab.), a polyphagous pest. Endophyte infected cauliflower plants showed resistance to S. litura in the form of significant increase in larval and pupal mortality in both the fungi. Inhibitory effects of endophytic fungi also were observed on adult emergence, longevity, reproductive potential, as well as hatchability of eggs. Thus, it is concluded that antibiosis to S. litura could be imparted by artificial inoculation of endophytes and this could be used to develop alternative ecologically safe control strategies.
Human Extrahepatic Cytochromes P450: Function in Xenobiotic Metabolism and Tissue-Selective Chemical Toxicity in the Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tracts (2003)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in extrahepatic tissues often play a dominant role in target tissue metabolic activation of xenobiotic compounds. They may also determine drug efficacy and influence the tissue burden of foreign chemicals or bioavailability of therapeutic agents. This review focuses on xenobiotic-metabolizing CYPs of the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, including the lung, trachea, nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. Many CYPs are expressed in one or more of these organs, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2A13, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP2J2, CYP2S1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP4B1. Of particular interest are the preferential expression of certain CYPs in the respiratory tract and the regional differences in CYP expression profile in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Current research activities on the characterization of CYP expression, function, and regulation in these tissues, as well as future research needs, are discussed.
Ontology and Theory for a Redesign of European Monetary Union (2016)

The Greek debt crisis opened up the policy discourse over Europe to the extent of an unprecedented extent of questioning of the original design of the Eurozone. Such a rethink requires an examination of how the European economy functions and the appropriate theoretical approach to analysing it. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the thinking behind the design of European Monetary Union and behind the Post Keynesian critique. While the mainstream response is couched in terms of addressing impediments to economic convergence through market forces, the Post Keynesian response focuses on the forces for divergence which the Eurozone framework currently exacerbates. In particular we argue that a focus on the forces for economic divergence and financial instability in Europe requires any monetary union to be supported by a system of fiscal support and a cohesive approach to bank regulation and support.
Optimum Strut-Configuration for Downstream Annular Diffusers With Variable Swirling Inlet Flow (1981)

Using three conical wall annular diffusers, geometries of struts mounted at the inlet tube were studied which were suitable for both the swirling inlet flow and the nonswirling inlet flow. Struts with an airfoil section which were installed at a small stagger angle served as a decelerating cascade for the swirling inlet flow, and a pressure rise was achieved across the struts. Furthermore, the residual weak swirl behind the struts improved the performance of downstream diffusers. For nonswirling inlet flow the struts induced a weak swirl which improved the performance of the diffuser. That is, if struts are designed properly, the performance of annular diffusers is improved by struts for a wide variation of swirl angle of inlet flow.
Isotypic and Idiotypic Characterization of Anti-Bee Venom Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> Antibodies (1985)

It was shown that anti-bee venom phospholipase A2 antibodies (anti-PLA) of bee keepers belong mainly to the IgG4 class. Furthermore anti-PLA of different individuals are idiotypically related to each other. This was shown by the binding of heterologous antiidiotypic antibodies, produced against anti-PLA IgG from single donors, to anti-PLA F(ab')2 of different individuals. Therefore, the anti-PLA response provides a human model to study the idiotypic regulation of isotypes in a defined system.
Discrimination of Dynamic Tactile Contact by Temporally Precise Event Sensing in Spiking Neuromorphic Networks (2017)

This paper presents a neuromorphic tactile encoding methodology that utilizes a temporally precise event-based representation of sensory signals. We introduce a novel concept where touch signals are characterized as patterns of millisecond precise binary events to denote pressure changes. This approach is amenable to a sparse signal representation and enables the extraction of relevant features from thousands of sensing elements with sub-millisecond temporal precision. We also proposed measures adopted from computational neuroscience to study the information content within the spiking representations of artificial tactile signals. Implemented on a state-of-the-art 4096 element tactile sensor array with 5.2 kHz sampling frequency, we demonstrate the classification of transient impact events while utilizing 20 times less communication bandwidth compared to frame based representations. Spiking sensor responses to a large library of contact conditions were also synthesized using finite element simulations, illustrating an 8-fold improvement in information content and a 4-fold reduction in classification latency when millisecond-precise temporal structures are available. Our research represents a significant advance, demonstrating that a neuromorphic spatiotemporal representation of touch is well suited to rapid identification of critical contact events, making it suitable for dynamic tactile sensing in robotic and prosthetic applications.
iCARS Thematic Network Project - ICT For Energy-Efficiency in Transport (2010)

iCars Thematic Network is a two-year project (June 2008 – July 2010) to support the deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in Europe. This report summarizes the results of work package 4 on “ICT for Energy Efficiency”. Based on long standing experience the work package partners ACEA, Amanova, FIA, ISIS and Lindholmen concentrated their efforts on eco-driving support, traffic management, demand and access management, freight & logistic management and energy efficiency modelling. The total budget amounted to € 88,400 or about 175 men days.
Fertility Preservation for Adolescent Women with Cancer (2005)

As the cure rate for adolescents with cancer has improved, the focus on future reproductive potential has increased. Despite a concerted effort to reduce the impact of cancer treatment on fertility through the alteration of therapy and the implementation of protective measures, many adolescent women with cancer remain at risk for impaired reproductive potential. Although the only standard-of-care approach to fertility preservation in this population remains embryo cryopreservation, there has been intense development of oocyte and ovarian cryopreservation as viable alternatives. This article focuses on the developing modalities of fertility preservation for adolescent women diagnosed with cancer.
Transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement with simultaneous paravalvular leakage closure in a patient with severely degenerated aortic valve bioprosthesis (2014)

A 65-year-old male with a history of repeated surgery of the aortic valve (AVR) and the ascending aorta (2009, 25-mm Perimount AV prosthesis and supracoronary Dacron vascular graft; 2010, 23-mm Perimount prosthesis and Vascutek vascular prosthesis) presented with heart failure symptoms NYHA III. Diagnostic workup revealed severe regurgitation of the degenerated AV bio-prosthesis, consisting of …
Snapshots in a Distributed Persistent Object Storage System (2003)

The ability to take transaction-consistent snapshots of a distributed persistent object store is useful for online data archive, backup, and recovery. However, most modern snapshot utilities such as those in file systems and database systems are not designed for distributed environments and directly applying these methods to a distributed environment results in poor performance. This thesis describes an efficient snapshot scheme for a distributed persistent object store. Our snapshot scheme
Self-renewal induced efficiently, safely, and effective therapeutically with one regulatable gene in a human somatic progenitor cell (2011)

In the field of induced potency and fate reprogramming, it remains unclear what the best starting cell might be and to what extent a cell need be transported back to a more primitive state for translational purposes. Reprogramming a committed cell back to pluripotence to then instruct it toward a particular specialized cell type is demanding and may increase risks of neoplasia and undesired cell types. Precursor/progenitor cells from the organ of therapeutic concern typically lack only one critical attribute--the capacity for sustained self-renewal. We speculated that this could be induced in a regulatable manner such that cells proliferate only in vitro and differentiate in vivo without the need for promoting pluripotence or specifying lineage identity. As proof-of-concept, we generated and tested the efficiency, safety, engraftability, and therapeutic utility of "induced conditional self-renewing progenitor (ICSP) cells" derived from the human central nervous system (CNS); we conditionally induced self-renewal efficiently within neural progenitors solely by introducing v-myc tightly regulated by a tetracycline (Tet)-on gene expression system. Tet in the culture medium activated myc transcription and translation, allowing efficient expansion of homogeneous, clonal, karyotypically normal human CNS precursors ex vivo; in vivo, where Tet was absent, myc was not expressed, and self-renewal was entirely inactivated (as was tumorigenic potential). Cell proliferation ceased, and differentiation into electrophysiologically active neurons and other CNS cell types in vivo ensued upon transplantation into rats, both during development and after adult injury--with functional improvement and without neoplasia, overgrowth, deformation, emergence of non-neural cell types, phenotypic or genomic instability, or need for immunosuppression. This strategy of inducing self-renewal might be applied to progenitors from other organs and may prove to be a safe, effective, efficient, and practical method for optimizing insights gained from the ability to reprogram cells.
Recent developments in the treatment of tuberculosis (2003)

The history of chemotherapy of tuberculosis commenced in 1944 with the discovery of streptomycin. Currently, short-course chemotherapy comprising rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol/streptomycin administered under directly observed settings for 6 months (initially all four drugs followed by the former two drugs), constitutes the cornerstone treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis requires alternative chemotherapy, ideally in the form of individualised regimens, for management. To improve on the duration of chemotherapy for drug-susceptible tuberculosis and to achieve better treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis as well as latent tuberculosis infection, there arises a genuine need for new drugs. The quest for new agents is, however, impeded by obstacles. Hopefully, tackling these through collaborative public-private partnerships on an international scale will lead to a fruitful outcome.
A Design of a Wireless Power Receiving Unit With a High-Efficiency 6.78-MHz Active Rectifier Using Shared DLLs for Magnetic-Resonant A4 WP Applications (2015)

This paper presents a full-CMOS wireless power receiving unit (WPRU) with a high-efficiency 6.78-MHz active rectifier and a dc-dc converter for magnetic-resonant alliance for wireless power (A4WP) applications. The proposed high-efficiency active rectifier with delay-locked loop (DLL) is a highly efficient receiver circuit intended for use in resonant wireless charging applications with a resonant frequency of 6.78 MHz. Each MOSFET of the proposed rectifier is turned on and off based on the ac input voltage. The delay between the ac input current and the ac input voltage due to the delays of internal blocks such as voltage limiter, level shifter, gate driver, and comparator will cause the reverse leakage current, degrading the power efficiency. Thus, the proposed active rectifier adopts the DLL to compensate for the delay caused by internal blocks, which leads to the removal of reverse leakage current and the power efficiency maximization. Moreover, to maximize power efficiency, negative impedance circuit (NIC) is also adopted to minimize switching loss. In the case of dc-dc converter, phase-locked loop is adopted for the constant switching frequency in process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variation to solve the efficiency reduction problem, especially by heat. This chip is implemented using 0.18 μm BCD technology with an active area of 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm. When the magnitude of the ac input voltage is 8.95 V, the maximum efficiencies of the proposed active rectifier and dc-dc converter are 91.5% and 92.7%, respectively. The range of ac input voltage is 3-20 V, and the efficiency of the WPRU is about 80.86%.
Thermal Efficiency of Combined Cycle Power Plant (2018)

Now a day’s power generation is most important for every country. This power is generated by some thermal cycles. But single cycle cannot be attain complete power requirements and its efficiency also very low so that to fulfill this requirements to combine two or more cycles in a single power plant then we can increase the efficiency of the power plant. Its increased efficiency is more than that of if the plant operated on single cycle. In which we are using two different cycles and these two cycles are operated by means of different working mediums. These type of power plants we can called them like combined cycle power plants. In combined cycle power plants above cycle is known as topping cycle and below cycle is known as bottoming cycle. The above cycle generally brayton cycle which uses air as a working medium. When the power generation was completed the exhaust gas will passes in to the waste heat recovery boiler. Another cycle also involved in bottoming cycle. This cycle works on the basis on rankine cycle. In which steam is used as working medium. The main component in bottoming cycle is waste heat recovery boiler. It will receive exhaust heat from the gas turbine and converts water in to steam. The steam used for generating power by expansion on steam turbine. Combined cycle power plants are mostly used in commercial power plants.In this paper we are analyzing one practical combined cycle power plant. In practical conditions due to some losses it can not be generates complete power. So that we are invistigated why it is not give that much of power and the effect of various operating parameters such as maximum temperature and pressure of rankine cycle, gas turbine inlet temperature and pressure ratio of Brayton cycle on the net output work and thermal efficiency of the combine cycle power plant.The outcome of this work can be utilized in order to facilitate the design of a combined cycle with higher efficiency and output work. Mathematical calculations and simple graphs in ms excel, and auto cad has been carried out to study the effects and influences of the above mentioned parameters on the efficiency and work output.
Design of Visible Light Communication Receiver for On-Off Keying Modulation by Adaptive Minimum-Voltage Cancelation (2013)

In this paper, a new design of visible light communication (VLC) receiver for on-off keying (OOK) modulation is proposed. The design is based on the cancelation of minimum offset voltage of the received OOK signal, using a novel minimum-voltage detection circuit. This circuit is capable of tracking the minimum voltage of an input signal even if its value increases with time. Experimental results show that the proposed receiver is immune to the interference from sunlight and indoor fluorescent lights.
A gene's eye view of epistasis, selection and speciation (2002)

Abstract In this mini-review, I discuss the effects of gene interaction or epistasis from a `gene's eye view.' By a `gene's eye view' of epistasis, I mean that I will consider a single, bi-allelic locus, A, whose effects on fitness result only from its interactions with alleles of another, unknown locus, X. I will show how changes in the frequencies of alleles at the background locus affect the relationship of alleles at the A-locus to fitness. Changing the genetic background changes the fundamental characteristics of the A-locus, such as the magnitude and sign of allelic effects on fitness, and, consequently, it changes the strength and pattern of selection. I consider each of the four kinds of pair–wise interactions between two loci and show that some kinds of epistasis are more sensitive than others to population genetic subdivision. Lastly, I show that some kinds of epistasis are more likely than others to affect the process of speciation and contribute to or be responsible for general genetic features of interspecific hybrids, such as Haldane's rule.
Future Perspective for Potential <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> Eradication Therapies (2018)

Helicobacter pylori infection of the human stomach causes chronic inflammation and forms a major risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Current standard eradication therapies use an acid-suppressing drug and two antibiotics, now frequently supplemented with bismuth. Declining eradication efficiencies, off-target effects of lengthy broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments and the desire of a more systematic eradication in asymptomatic H. pylori carriers to suppress gastric cancer incidence spur a search for an effective vaccine and alternative therapeutic options. Here, we review the current progress in the field, with an emphasis on narrow-spectrum or nonantibiotic therapeutics.
Neprilysin and Amyloid Beta Peptide Degradation (2008)

Neprilysin is a zinc metalloendopeptidase with relatively broad substrate specificity. The enzyme is localized to the plasma membrane of cells where it can function to degrade extracellular peptides. Structural studies show that neprilysin preferentially cleaves peptides on the amino side of hydrophobic amino acids. Neprilysin has been implicated in the catabolism of amyloid beta peptides in the brain and as such has received considerable attention, particularly as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. An inverse relationship between neprilysin levels and amyloid beta peptide levels and between neprilysin levels and amyloid plaque formation has been observed in human brain. Neprilysin levels decline with aging in the temporal and frontal cortex possibly contributing to higher amyloid beta peptide levels. A number of studies have shown that increasing neprilysin levels in the brain leads to a decrease in brain amyloid beta peptide levels. Most recently a potential relationship between amyloid beta peptide synthesis from the amyloid precursor protein and neprilysin activity has been proposed.
On the theory and potential of LRU-MRU collaborative cache management (2011)

The goal of cache management is to maximize data reuse. Collaborative caching provides an interface for software to communicate access information to hardware. In theory, it can obtain optimal cache performance.