gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a Monomeric Arsinogallane and Chemical Conversion to Gallium Arsenide (1988)

A monomeric arsinogallane containing a covalent gallium-arsenic bond has been prepared, and its molecular structure has been determined by x-ray crystallography. The compound reacted with tert-butanol at ambient temperature to yield the III-V semiconductor gallium arsenide as a finely divided amorphous solid. During the initial stages of the reaction small clusters of gallium arsenide were apparently present in solution. The band gaps of these particles, as observed by their absorption spectra, were larger than that of the bulk material. This work is a step toward the development of new molecular precursors for technologically important materials and the study of quantum size effects in small semiconductor particles.
Crystalline Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase-Oxygenase from Spinach (1979)

Spinach fraction I protein (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxy genase, E.C. 4.1.1.39) was crystallized on both an analytical and a preparative scale by vapor diffusion with polyethylene glycol (molecular weight, 6000) used as the precipitant. The identity of the crystalline material with fraction I protein was shown by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and immunological properties. The carboxylase and oxygenase activities copurify during crystallization, and the crystalline enzyme lacks copper and iron.
Electrospun Nanofiber Based Strain Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring (2013)

A novel piezoresistive strain sensor technology is demonstrated based on scalable electrospinning of nanofibers (NFs), which is promising for low cost and large area structural health monitoring (SHM). Meshes of metallized core-shell NFs are used for fabrication of thin conductive textiles that demonstrate a high strain gauge factor in excess of 60, due to a disjointing/jointing mechanism of the inter-NF junctions that leads to changes in current paths and the overall resistance of the mesh. Cyclic, dynamic and temperature-dependence tests demonstrate stable and fast response to strain and the potential for this technology for large area, low cost, stable and low voltage strain sensing that helps in reducing cost and complexity of today’s real-time SHM of composite structures.
The Use of Bioactive Glass Particles As Microcarriers (1996)

Abstract Among the various materials that affect bone cell function, and therefore, could serve as the microcarrier material, bioactive glass has been our material of choice. In the early seventies, Hench et al.[1] formulated these glasses with a typical composition of 45% SiO2, 24.5% Na2O, 24.5% CaO and 6% P2O5 (by weight). They documented that upon implantation in bone tissue, this glass called bioactive glass 45S5, firmly adhered to bone. By now, at least nine groups from around the world have shown that glasses typically containing 40–60 mole % SiO2 and various amounts of Na2O, CaO, P2O5 and some smaller amounts of other oxides bond to bone tissue. As the glass is immersed in vivo, bodily fluids cause the glass to corrode. This corrosion results in selective leaching of sodium ions, the formation of a silica gel layer, and eventually the formation of a calcium phosphate rich layer. It is a recent finding that bioactive glass, when made in granular form with a narrow size range (300–355 μm), has the unique capacity to cause differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells to cells expressing the osteoblastic phenotype [2]. This property of upregulating stromal osteoprogenitor cells to osteoblasts in vivo, as well as the capacity to enhance the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype in vitro, form the basis for our selection of bioactive glass 45S5 as the carrier of choice for culturing typical bone tissue cells in microgravity environment.
Immunohistochemical Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers for Melanoma (2013)

Recent studies in our laboratory have identified novel molecular diagnostic and prognostic markers based on analyses in large cohorts of melanoma patients. These markers were initially derived from gene expression profiling analyses of distinct stages of melanoma progression. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the differential expression of these markers, and immunohistochemistry-based multimarker assays were developed to assess melanoma diagnosis and prognosis at the molecular level. In this chapter we review the development of these assays and the methodologies used to assess marker expression in both nevi and primary melanomas.
Microfluidic high-throughput selection of microalgal strains with superior photosynthetic productivity using competitive phototaxis (2016)

Microalgae possess great potential as a source of sustainable energy, but the intrinsic inefficiency of photosynthesis is a major challenge to realize this potential. Photosynthetic organisms evolved phototaxis to find optimal light condition for photosynthesis. Here we report a microfluidic screening using competitive phototaxis of the model alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, for rapid isolation of strains with improved photosynthetic efficiencies. We demonstrated strong relationship between phototaxis and photosynthetic efficiency by quantitative analysis of phototactic response at the single-cell level using a microfluidic system. Based on this positive relationship, we enriched the strains with improved photosynthetic efficiency by isolating cells showing fast phototactic responses from a mixture of 10,000 mutants, thereby greatly improving selection efficiency over 8 fold. Among 147 strains isolated after screening, 94.6% showed improved photoautotrophic growth over the parental strain. Two mutants showed much improved performances with up to 1.9- and 8.1-fold increases in photoautotrophic cell growth and lipid production, respectively, a substantial improvement over previous approaches. We identified candidate genes that might be responsible for fast phototactic response and improved photosynthesis, which can be useful target for further strain engineering. Our approach provides a powerful screening tool for rapid improvement of microalgal strains to enhance photosynthetic productivity.
Salmonella chitosan nanoparticle vaccine administration is protective against Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler birds (2021)

Salmonella control strategies include vaccines that help reduce the spread of Salmonella in poultry flocks. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of administering a live Salmonella vaccine followed by a killed Salmonella chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine booster on the cellular and humoral immunity of broilers. The CNP vaccine was synthesized with Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) outer-membrane-proteins (OMPs) and flagellin-proteins. At d1-of-age, one-hundred-sixty-eight chicks were allocated into treatments: 1) No vaccine, 2) Live vaccine (Poulvac®ST), 3) CNP vaccine, 4) Live+CNP vaccine. At d1-of-age, birds were orally vaccinated with PBS, Live vaccine, or CNP. At d7-of-age, the No vaccine, Live vaccine and CNP vaccine groups were boosted with PBS and the Live+CNP vaccine group was boosted with CNP. At d14-of-age, birds were challenged with 1×109 CFU/bird S. Enteritidis. There were no significant differences in body-weight-gain (BWG) or feed-conversion-ratio (FCR). At 8h-post-challenge, CNP and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 17% and 24% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgA in bile, respectively, compared to control. At d28-of-age, CNP, Live, and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 33%, 18%, and 24% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgA in bile, respectively, compared to control. At d14-of-age, Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 46% greater levels (P<0.05) of anti-Salmonella OMPs IgY in serum, compared to control. At d21-of-age, splenocytes from CNP and Live-vaccinated birds had increased (P<0.05) T-lymphocyte proliferation at 0.02 mg/mL OMPs stimulation compared to the control. At d28-of-age, CNP and Live+CNP-vaccinated birds had 0.9 Log10 CFU/g and 1 Log10 CFU/g decreased S. Enteritidis cecal loads (P<0.05), respectively, compared to control. The CNP vaccine does not have adverse effects on bird's BWG and FCR or IL-1β, IL-10, IFN-γ, or iNOS mRNA expression levels. It can be concluded that the CNP vaccine, as a first dose or as a booster vaccination, is an alternative vaccine candidate against S. Enteritidis in broilers.
Infrared imaging of defects heated by a sonic pulse (2000)

High-frequency pulsed sonic excitation is combined with an infrared camera to image surface and subsurface defects. Irreversible temperature increases on the surface of the object, resulting from localized heating in the vicinity of cracks, disbonds, or delaminations, are imaged as a function of time prior to, during, and following the application of a short pulse of sound. Pulse durations of 50 ms are sufficient to image such defects, and result in surface temperatures variations of ∼2 °C above the defect. As an example, sonic infrared images are presented for two fatigue cracks in Al and of interply delamination impact damage in a graphite–fiber-reinforced polymer composite. The shorter of the two fatigue cracks is ∼0.7 mm in length, and is tightly closed. Thus, this new technique is sensitive, and capable of rapid imaging of defects under wide surface areas of an object.
Inner Area Aberration Compensating Lens for Compact Disc (Compact Disc-Recordable)-Digital Versatile Disc Compatible Head (2001)

We have developed a dual-wavelength digital versatile disc(DVD)/compact disc(CD)-compatible inner area aberration compensating lens capable of reading compact disc-recordable (CD-R) disks. In order to be able to read CD and CD-R disks with an infrared laser, it is essential to increase the numerical aperture (NA) of the inner area, but the resulting deterioration of the read signal has been a problem. Performance levels that enable DVD disks to be read have been achieved by reducing the fifth-order spherical aberration (SA5) by means of a phase step.
High Power Combiner/Divider with Coupled Lines for Broadband Applications (2017)

Abstract : A broadband Gysel divider has been demonstrated. The new concept uses a coupled line segment in the design to improve isolation and matching. Significant improvement in operation bandwidth are realized compared to the conventional approach, while maintaining low-loss, ease of design, and flexibility. The coupled-Gysel divider is demonstrated with a 2.5 8GHz, 105% fractional bandwidth, and 0.1 dB loss. Another divider operates from 3.4 10.2 GHz, with 100%fractional bandwidth and 0.2 dB of insertion loss. The structure works well reciprocally as a combiner. A novel isolation structure will also be presented.
Bisoxazolidine-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkynylation of Aldehydes (2006)

A C2-symmetric bisoxazolidine derived from aminoindanol has been successfully applied in the asymmetric alkynylation of aldehydes. The ligand is readily available, has a wide substrate scope, and catalyzes the formation of chiral propargylic alcohols with excellent yields and enantioselectivties.
Positive-operator and projection valued measurements in quantum key distribution (2007)

Following a brief review of positive-operator and projection valued measures in quantum mechanics, some applications to quantum key distribution are described. The positive operator valued measure (POVM) can be usefully implemented in a quantum key receiver used in the B92 two-state protocol of quantum key distribution. In this case the measurement is conclusive, at least some of the time. The projection valued (PV) measure is useful in the measurement of a quantum cryptographic entangling probe for tapping quantum key in the BB84 four-state protocol. In the case addressed here, the measurement determines correlations with the measurements made by the legitimate receiver and therewith the maximum information gain by the probe.
Microwave stethoscope (MiSt) as a low-cost vital signs sensor: Results from preliminary human subject studies (2012)

The MiSt measurement procedure for vital signs monitoring is based on the microwave reflection coefficient measurements on the patient chest using a novel microwave sensor. It is shown that MiSt provides integrated, multi-purpose, low-cost and non-invasive vital signs sensor that is capable of measuring heart-rate, respiration rate, changes in the lung water content, and the heartbeat waveform. In this paper, the improved microwave sensor design is presented. Human experiments are also conducted in clinical settings and comparisons with commercial FDA approved medical devices (Propaq LT) are given, thus, demonstrating the feasibility of MiSt in accurately detecting multiple VS. According to the human subject experiment results and its comparison with the Propaq data, the accuracy of the MiSt in measuring multiple VS including heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and EKG has been established. Additional measurement capability of the lung water content is an important and unique asset of the proposed MiSt system. These experimental results clearly demonstrate the advantage of extracting multiple VS parameters using only single microwave measurement and make the MiSt a promising technology for implementation of the proactive healthcare delivery methods.
Segmentation, classification, and tracking of humans for smart airbag applications (2004)

There has been considerable attention paid to developing ‘smart’ airbags that can determine, not only, if they should be deployed in a crash event, but also with what force they should be deployed. Information on the size and type of front passenger seat occupant is used to determine the safe level of force with which to deploy the airbag. To date vision systems have been successfully applied to relatively controlled environments, such as for manufacturing, or they have been used in uncontrolled environments, such as for surveillance, where there is a human in the loop to monitor the performance of the system. 
In this thesis we have developed a computer vision-based approach to airbag suppression that attempts to provide the robustness required for an autonomous system fielded in a relatively uncontrolled environment. It addresses a very difficult real-world application, in which computer vision had not previously been applied, to simultaneously perform real-time human recognition and tracking. The specific contributions to pattern recognition include the development of a new filter-based feature selection algorithm based on robust statistical measures of discriminability and feature correlation. The algorithm performs as well as, or better than, other filter or wrapper methods, and is considerably faster. 
We have also defined a contextual processing algorithm that uses a continuous stream of classifications and the theory of evidential reasoning. This stream of results is integrated using the Dempster-Shafer rules of belief revision, with the available image information. 
Another contribution is the development of a unique wrapper-based image segmentation algorithm. We have adopted a paradigm where an image is initially region labeled and, then, using proven feature selection methods, we group these regions based on our knowledge of the desired object being segmented. This algorithm is shown to provide segmentations as accurate as human hand segmentation in many cases. 
There are also two contributions to the area of human motion tracking. The first is the definition of an information theoretic motion segmentation algorithm. This approach appears immune to illumination effects, and it dramatically changes the way we perceive image motion through information flow rather than optical flow. 
Lastly, we have developed an integrated motion and shape tracking system based on interacting multiple models (IMM) Kalman filtering. The approach is superior to HMM-based tracking systems, since it intelligently blends the individual dynamics states. Also, the system has been shown to be able to react to high-speed motion events, such as a pre-crash braking event. As part of the tracking system, we have also defined a new mechanism for inferring the 3-dimensional pose of the occupant based on the gross changes in their shape during motion, called shape from deformation.
A Novel RFID-Based Thermal Convection Accelerometer with Heater and Thermal Piles Deposited by E-Gun Focused on Mixing Powders of Metals (2013)

This paper proposes an innovated method to integrate an active RFID tag with a thermal convection accelerometer with heater and thermal piles deposited on a flexible substrate by E-gun, thus it is a wireless sensor for easy usage in many fields. The other advantages of the new device are as: (1) The thermal conductivity ( λ 148W/(mK)) of the traditional Si is about 25 times of the proposed polyimide substrate ( λ 6-0.17W/(mK)), thus the power leakage through the substrate is reduced. (2) The heaters and the thermal piles are deposited by E-gun focused on a target of mixing powders of metals on the flexible substrate, so it is different from the traditional ones by using the structures floating over a grooved cavity. Thus the new device is not only easy to make, but more reliable to operate in large acceleration impact condition without damage. (3) The thermal piles are divided into two portions respectively exposed to a cold region and a hot region. The cold junctions of thermal piles are put outside the cap to make it exactly at the room temperature, thus the device is very easy to calibrate and more accurate. (4) The chamber is filled with another kind of gas such as Xe or Ar to avoid the oxidizing effect produced by the commercial ones with carbon dioxide or air, and then the reliability as well as the life cycle of the heater can be increased. (5) By the results of simulation, one can see the traditional rectangular chamber can be replaced by a hemi-cylindrical one to extend both the operation range and sensitivity of the thermal convection accelerometer.
Guava leaf volatiles and dimethyl disulphide inhibit response of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama to host plant volatiles (2010)

The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors the causal pathogen of huanglongbing (HLB), which is likely the most important disease affecting worldwide citrus production. Interplanting citrus with guava, Psidium guajava L., was reported to reduce D. citri populations and incidence of HLB. We describe a series of investigations on the response of D. citri to citrus volatiles with and without guava leaf volatiles and to synthetic dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), in laboratory olfactometers and in the field. Volatiles from guava leaves significantly inhibited attraction of D. citri to normally attractive host-plant (citrus) volatiles. A similar level of inhibition was recorded when synthetic DMDS was co-released with volatiles from citrus leaves. In addition, the volatile mixture emanating from a combination of intact citrus and intact guava leaves induced a knock-down effect on adult D. citri. Compounds similar to DMDS including dipropyl disulphide, ethyl-1-propyl disulphide, and diethyl disulphide did not affect the behavioural response of D. citri to attractive citrus host plant volatiles. Head-space volatile analyses were conducted to compare sulphur volatile profiles of citrus and guava, used in our behavioural assays, with a gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detector. DMDS, produced by wounded guava in our olfactometer assays, was not produced by similarly wounded citrus. The airborne concentration of DMDS that induced the behavioural effect in the 4-choice olfactometer was 107 pg/ml. In a small plot field experiment, populations of D. citri were significantly reduced by deployment of synthetic DMDS from polyethylene vials compared with untreated control plots. Our results verify that guava leaf volatiles inhibit the response of D. citri to citrus host plant volatiles and suggest that the induced compound, DMDS, may be partially responsible for this effect. Also, we show that field deployment of DMDS reduces densities of D. citri and thus may have potential as a novel control strategy.
Ethylene Homopolymerization and Copolymerization with Functionalized 5-Norbornen-2-yl Monomers by a Novel Nickel Catalyst System (2003)

The homopolymerization and the copolymerization of ethylene with functionalized 5-norbornen-2-yl derivatives by the nickel catalyst system L(iPr2)Ni(η1-CH2Ph)(PMe3) (1) [L = N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)propanamide] and Ni(COD)2 (bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel) produces polymers with high molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. A typical ethylene polymerization reaction proceeds under 100 psi of ethylene and at 20 °C, using 1 (0.34 mM) and Ni(COD)2 (0.83 mM). Likewise, under similar conditions, the copolymerization of ethylene with 5-norbornen-2-yl acetate (3) (0.15 M) for 90 min by 1 (0.67 mM) and Ni(COD)2 (1.67 mM) produced a high molecular weight functionalized polyethylene bearing ester functionalities. 5-Norbornen-2-ol (0.15 M) underwent a similar copolymerization with ethylene for 20 min to yield a hydroxy-functionalized polyethylene. Narrow molecular weight distributions, coupled with the increase of polymer molar mass with time, are consistent with a quasi-living polymerization process in the case of ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene copolymerization with 3.
Generalized LDCP codes with component reed-solomon codes for beyond 100 Gb/s optical transmission (2008)

We present a hard-decision decoding FEC scheme suitable for use in beyond 100 Gb/s transmission. It is based on generalized LDPC (GLDPC) codes with component RS codes. The GLPDC code of code rate 0.82 with component codes being (255,239) and (255,223) RS codes, provides the net effective coding gain of 9.67 dB at BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> .
Frequency response of multi‐phase segmented <i>k</i>‐space phase‐contrast (1996)

A theoretical analysis of the temporal frequency response of multi-phase segmented k-space phase-contrast was developed. This includes the effects of both segment duration and the number of cardiac phases that are reconstructed. An increase in the number of views per segment and the corresponding increase in segment duration results in an increased smoothing or low-pass filtering of the time-resolved flow waveform. Reconstruction of all intermediate cardiac phases makes the Nyquist sampling frequency independent of the number of views per segment. This analysis was verified experimentally using a multi-phase phase-contrast segmented k-space MR pulse sequence. This sequence reconstructs all intermediate cardiac phases and uses fractional segments at the end of the cardiac cycle if an entire segment does not fit. The use of fractional segments increases the portion of the cardiac cycle over which data are acquired.
A digitally tuned 1.1 GHz subharmonic injection-locked VCO in 0.18μm CMOS (2004)

In this paper, a second-order digitally controlled oscillator, based on subharmonic injection locking, is presented. The prototype design is implemented in a 0.18 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process. The implemented injection-locked oscillator, with a resonant frequency of 1.1 GHz, provides a low phase noise of -99.7 dBc/Hz at a 50 KHz offset. The oscillator is injection-locked with the eleventh harmonic of a low frequency 100 MHz PLL. Using switched-capacitor banks, the oscillator can be digitally tuned to within 300 KHz of the injection locking frequency which allows it to be locked with an input signal as low as - 53 dBm. The oscillator has an overall tuning range of 20% and together with an input amplifier consumes only 688 /spl mu/W when powered by a single 1.6V supply voltage.