gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future SoC design challenges and solutions (2003)

SoC (system on a chip) design creates tremendous design challenges to the traditional VLSI ASIC design. It covers not only the traditional DSM (deep sub-micron) issues but also the integration issues such as IP and signal integrity especially for integrated digital/analog system such as Bluetooth. Besides. power consumption and power delivery also impose huge design constraints to the already difficult situation especially for the portable and mobile devices. This talk will introduce and analysis the potential SoC issues and potential solutions from the architecture level to the circuit level.
Transient elastography in the evaluation of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2009)

The aim of the study was to determine the role of noninvasive evaluation by transient elastography in patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and to establish the need for further investigations, especially liver biopsy. Material and method : Transient elastography was performed in 226 out-patients previously diagnosed with NASH. Results:  The liver stiffness was ≤ 5.9 k Pa in 36.2% of patients (correlated with F=0), 6-6.8 k Pa in 21% patients (correlated with F = 1), and ≥ 6.9kPa (corresponding to F=2-3-4) in 42.7% patients Conclusions:  The moderate and severe fibrosis compatible with relevant fibrosis found in 42.7% of the patients included in this study required further investigations (liver biopsy) in order to have a precise quantification of the lesion.
A Biocompatible Heterogeneous MOF–Cu Catalyst for In Vivo Drug Synthesis in Targeted Subcellular Organelles (2019)

As a typical bioorthogonal reaction, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) has been used for drug design and synthesis. However, for localized drug synthesis, it is important to be able to determine where the CuAAC reaction occurs in living cells. In this study, we constructed a heterogeneous copper catalyst on a metal-organic framework that could preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria of living cells. Our system enabled the localized synthesis of drugs through a site-specific CuAAC reaction in mitochondria with good biocompatibility. Importantly, the subcellular catalytic process for localized drug synthesis avoided the problems of the delivery and distribution of toxic molecules. In vivo tumor therapy experiments indicated that the localized synthesis of resveratrol-derived drugs led to greater antitumor efficacy and minimized side effects usually associated with drug delivery and distribution.
Photonic sensing of organic solvents through geometric study of dynamic reflection spectrum (2015)

Traditional photonic sensing based on the change of balanced reflection of photonic structures can hardly distinguish chemical species with similar refractive indices. Here a sensing method based on the dynamic reflection spectra (DRS) of photonic crystal gel has been developed to distinguish even homologues, isomers and solvents with similar structures and physical properties. There are inherent relationships between solvent properties, diffusion behaviour and evolution of reflection signals, so that the geometric characteristics of DRS pattern including ascending/descending, colour changes, splitting/merging and curvature of reflection band can be utilized to recognize different organic solvents. With adequate solvents being tested, a database of DRS patterns can be established, which provide a standard to identify an unknown solvent.
Designing the Micro/370 (1987)

The first System/370 microprocessor, the Micro/370 is a 32-bit processor that implements 102 System/370 instructions and supports the emulation of the rest of the instructions. The chip is 10 mmx 10 mm with 200,000 transistor sites, fabricated with a 2-micron polysilicon gate NMOS technology with two levels of aluminum. It is designed for 10 MHz clock at worst case and has been operated at 18 MHz with 3W power dissipation. Design tasks included maximizing the noise margin, minimizing noise, and being able to complete design changes in a short time. A mixed custom and standard-cell design approach was used in a hierarchical design and verification methodology.
Two-hybrid Analysis Reveals Fundamental Differences in Direct Interactions between Desmoplakin and Cell Type-specific Intermediate Filaments (1997)

Desmosomes are cell junctions that act as sites of strong intercellular adhesion and also serve to anchor the intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane of a variety of cell types. Previous studies demonstrated that the COOH terminus of the desmosomal plaque protein, desmoplakin (DP), is required for the association of DP with IF networks in cultured cells and that this domain interacts directly with type II epidermal keratin polypeptides in vitro. However, these studies left open the question of how desmosomes might anchor other IF types known to associate with these junctions. In this report we used yeast two-hybrid and in vitro dot blot assays to further examine the requirements for direct interactions between desmoplakin and various IF types. Our results confirm the ability of the DP COOH terminus (DPCT) to interact with at least two regions of the head domain of the type II epidermal keratin K1 and also demonstrate that DPCT can interact with the type III IF family members, vimentin and desmin, as well as simple epithelial keratins. Unlike the situation for type II epidermal keratins, the interaction between DPCT and simple epithelial keratins appears to depend on heterodimerization of the type I and II keratin polypeptides, since both are required to detect an interaction. Furthermore, although the interaction between DPCT and K1 requires the keratin head domain, deletion of this domain from the simple epithelial keratins does not compromise interaction with DPCT. The interaction between DPCT and type III or simple epithelial keratins also appeared to be less robust than that between DPCT and K1. In the case of K8/K18, however, the interaction as assessed by yeast two-hybrid assays increased 9-fold when a serine located in a protein kinase A consensus phosphorylation site 23 residues from the end of DP was altered to a glycine. Taken together, these data indicate that DP interacts directly with different IF types in specific ways.
Bayesian Network Induction via Local Neighborhoods (1999)

In recent years, Bayesian networks have become highly successful tool for diagnosis, analysis, and decision making in real-world domains. We present an efficient algorithm for learning Bayesian networks from data. Our approach constructs Bayesian networks by first identifying each node&apos;s Markov blankets, then connecting nodes in a consistent way. In contrast to the majority of work, which typically uses hill-climbing approaches that may produce dense nets and incorrect structure, our approach typically yields consistent structure and compact networks by heeding independencies in the data. Compact networks facilitate fast inference and are also easier to understand. We prove that under mild assumptions, our approach requires time polynomial in the size of the data and the number of nodes. A Monte Carlo variant, also presented here, is more robust and yields comparable results at much higher speeds. Keywords: Bayesian networks, Bayesian network induction, independence tests, Markov blan...
Breast cancer guidelines (2012)

The guidelines by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTF-PHC) entitled “Recommendations on screening for breast cancer in average-risk women aged 40–74 years”[1][1] negated mammographic screening in women aged 40–49 years, provided weak recommendations for those aged 50–74
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics (2004)

Hydrocephalus is far more complicated than a simple disorder of CSF circulation. Historically, it has been diagnosed using clinical and psychomotor assessment plus brain imaging. The role of physiological measurement to aid diagnosis becomes more appreciated in current clinical practice. This has been reflected by recently formulated guidelines for the management of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Clinical measurement in hydrocephalus is mainly related to intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow. This review lists and discusses most common forms of the methods: CSF infusion study, overnight ICP monitoring, assessment of slow ICP waves, testing pressure reactivity, cerebral autoregulation, CO2 reactivity and PET-CBF studies combined with MRI co-registration. The basics of CSF dynamics modelling are presented and the principles of the assessment of functioning of the implanted hydrocephalus shunts are also discussed. The descriptions of multiple forms of measurement along with clinical illustrations are mainly based on in-house experience of a multidisciplinary group of scientists and clinicians from Cambridge, UK.
Optimizing Replication, Communication, and Capacity Allocation in CMPs (2005)

Chip multiprocessors (CMPs) substantially increase capacity pressure on the on-chip memory hierarchy while requiring fast access. Neither private nor shared caches can provide both large capacity and fast access in CMPs. We observe that compared to symmetric multiprocessors (SMPs), CMPs change the latency-capacity tradeoff in two significant ways. We propose three novel ideas to exploit the changes: (1) Though placing copies close to requestors allows fast access for read-only sharing, the copies also reduce the already-limited on-chip capacity in CMPs. We propose controlled replication to reduce capacity pressure by not making extra copies in some cases, and obtaining the data from an existing on-chip copy. This option is not suitable for SMPs because obtaining data from another processor is expensive and capacity is not limited to on-chip storage. (2) Unlike SMPs, CMPs allow fast on-chip communication between processors for read-write sharing. Instead of incurring slow access to read-write shared data through coherence misses as do SMPs, we propose in-situ communication to provide fast access without making copies or incurring coherence misses. (3) Accessing neighborsý caches is not as expensive in CMPs as it is in SMPs. We propose capacity stealing in which private data that exceeds a coreýs capacity is placed in a neighboring cache with less capacity demand. To incorporate our ideas, we use a hybrid of private, per-processor tag arrays and a shared data array. Because the shared data array is slow, we employ non-uniform access and distance associativity from previous proposals to hold frequently-accessed data in regions close to the requestor. We extend the previously-proposed Non-uniform access with Replacement And Placement usIng Distance associativity (NuRAPID) to CMPs, and call our cache CMP-NuRAPID. Our results show that for a 4-core CMP with 8 MB cache, CMP-NuRAPID improves performance by 13% over a shared cache and 8% over private caches for three commercial multithreaded workloads.
Tissue-specificity in cancer: The rule, not the exception (2019)

Cancer driver genes exhibit remarkable tissue-specificity
The Warburg Effect Suppresses Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in a Yeast Model for Cancer (2009)

Thus, the Warburg effect might directly contribute to the initiation of cancer formation--not only by enhanced glycolysis--but also via decreased respiration in the presence of oxygen, which suppresses apoptosis.
Status of aromatase inhibitors in relation to other breast cancer treatment modalities. (1999)

Aromatase is one of the key enzymes possibly linked with the perpetuation or even initiation of breast cancer. Modulation of its activity by the new generation inhibitors has resulted in increased responses and improved therapeutic ratio compared with those of parent aromatase inhibitors. More recent trials have shown promising results with regard to improved therapeutic ratio compared with what is seen with presently accepted second-line hormonal approaches. Present data and laboratory research indicate that new aromatase inhibitors have the potential to play an important role as adjuvants, and possibly in the prevention of human breast cancer. It is probable that it may be as adjuvants that their real therapeutic strength in terms of a beneficial impact on survival may be realized. The absence of estrogen agonist activity of new aromatase inhibitors on lipid and bone metabolism calls for more clinical studies having late mortality in breast cancer survivors as the ultimate outcome objective; in this regard, interaction of new aromatase inhibitors with new selective estrogen receptor modulators looks promising. Achievement of these outcomes, and understanding of interactions with other therapies, await the termination of present trials and the start of new initiatives.
Author Guideline (2017)

The abstract summarizes the reasons for the research being undertaken, the approach or method chosen, the key results, and the key conclusions. Abstracts are written in Indonesian and English. Abstracts are presented in a paragraph containing 100-200 words. There should be no spelling, grammar, and expression errors in the language used. Tthe abstract contains the main problem and/or research objectives, and showing the approach or method used to solve it, and presenting important findings, conclusions, and implications of research results.
Extending CAN segments with IEEE 802.11 WLAN (2005)

Summary form only given. Controller area networks (CAN) are currently employed in many distributed real-time control applications in industrial environments. The CAN protocol based on a CSMA/CD+CR access mechanism with the use of priorities is a serial communication protocol and is used to support distributed real-time control and multiplexing. CAN-based distributed control systems have two main problems. They are the size of distributed area and the need for communication with other LANs and with remote CAN segments. A straightforward solution is to use interworking devices with wireless support to extend CAN segments, exploiting an IEEE 802.11 WLAN that is low cost technology with high data rates. This research study aims at designing and implementing such an interworking device called a wireless internetworking unit (WIU) that is capable of connecting remote CAN 2.0A nodes over IEEE 802.11b WLAN using an encapsulation method. Computer modeling and simulation of the proposed approach realized using OPNET Modeler and analysis of the simulation results obtained are also presented.
<title>Fluoroscopic x-ray imaging with amorphous silicon thin-film arrays</title> (1994)

The dream of an all-solid state large area x-ray image sensor with digital readout and full dynamic performance will most probably find a first realization in 2D thin-film amorphous silicon arrays. In this paper we address in particular the evaluation of the limits of the signal/noise ratio in this concept. Using small prototype detectors measurements of MTF and noise power spectra have been made as a function of x-ray dose. The results are given in terms of the detective quantum efficiency as a function of dose and spatial frequency. We further present an analysis of the different noise sources and their dependence on the detector parameters, and we provide estimates on the maximum signals that may be achieved per unit dose. The intrinsic lag of the amorphous silicon photodiodes causes a second problem area with this type of x-ray detectors. Especially in radiography/fluoroscopy mixed applications, memory effects may not be negligible.
High throughput lithography using thermal scanning probes (2017)

Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) has demonstrated unique capabilities for maskless lithography. A heated atomic force microscope tip is used to locally remove a thermally sensitive resist. This process is able to fabricate precise 3D patterns and high resolution structures without the use of charged particles, such as electrons, which have been implicated in substrate damage. Here we outline our work to improve the throughput of t-SPL via integration with a laser writer for the patterning of large features and the development of independently addressable cantilever arrays.
Acute ventricular reduction with the acorn cardiac support device prevents progressive left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in dogs with advanced heart failure (2000)

Chaudhry, P. A. MD; Mishima, T. MD; Suzuki, G. MD; Sharov, V. G. MD, PhD; Anagnostopoulos, P. V. MD; Undrovinas, A. L. PhD; Nass, O. MD; Sabbah, H. N. PhD Author Information
Trust and Distrust Across Coalitions: Shapley Value Based Centrality Measures for Signed Networks (Student Abstract Version) (2016)

We propose Shapley Value based centrality measures for signed social networks. We also demonstrate that they lead to improved precision for the troll detection task.
Floquet Mode Phenomena of Infinite Phased Array Antennas in Near-Field Focus Applications (2013)

This paper presents a theoretical investigation on the radiation of an infinite, one-dimensional antenna array, which is phased to radiate electromagnetic fields focused in the near zone of the array aperture. In particular, the wave phenomena in each of the Floquet modes, obtained by applying the Poisson sum formula to the array excitations, are investigated. The analysis reduces to the case of a conventional phased antenna array when the radiation is focused in the far zone, and exhibits consistent phenomena. Theoretical investigations as well as numerical illustrations are presented.
PIP <sub>2</sub> and PIP as Determinants for ATP Inhibition of K <sub>ATP</sub> Channels (1998)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple electrical activity to cellular metabolism through their inhibition by intracellular ATP. ATP inhibition of KATP channels varies among tissues and is affected by the metabolic and regulatory state of individual cells, suggesting involvement of endogenous factors. It is reported here that phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) controlled ATP inhibition of cloned KATP channels (Kir6.2 and SUR1). These phospholipids acted on the Kir6.2 subunit and shifted ATP sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. Receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C resulted in inhibition of KATP-mediated currents. These results represent a mechanism for control of excitability through phospholipids.
An expert system for automatic extraction of machining features and tooling selection for Automats (1990)

This article reports on the design and implementation of an expert system for automatic identification of machined surfaces on symmetric rotational components manufactured on Automats. The OPS5PLUS expert system shell was used to represent the procedural knowledge to reason and extract both the internal and external part features and their dimensions in order to select form tools for machining. Details ofthe implementation are described, along with examples. The expert system can be integrated easily with other manufacturing applications, such as automated process planning and NC part programming.
A New SUMO-1-specific Protease, SUSP1, That Is Highly Expressed in Reproductive Organs (2000)

A full-length cDNA encoding a SUMO-1-specific protease, named SUSP1, was identified and cloned for the first time from the human brain. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA containing an open reading frame of 3336 base pairs revealed that the protease consists of 1112 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 126,116 Da. Like yeast Ulp1, SUSP1 is a cysteine protease containing the well conserved His/Asp/Cys catalytic triad. SUSP1 expressed in Escherichia coli cells efficiently released SUMO-1 from SUMO-1. beta-galactosidase fusion but not from other ubiquitin-like protein fusions, including Smt3.beta-galactosidase, suggesting its role in the generation of matured SUMO-1 specifically from its precursors. Interestingly, reproductive organs, such as testis, ovary, and prostate, contained much higher amounts of SUSP1 mRNA than colon and peripheral blood leukocyte, whereas other tissues, such as heart and spleen, had little or none. In addition, confocal microscopy using green fluorescent protein.SUSP1 fusion showed that SUSP1 is exclusively localized to the cytoplasm of NIH3T3 and HeLa cells. These results suggest that SUSP1 may play a role in the regulation of SUMO-1-mediated cellular processes particularly related to reproduction.
Antiplatelet drugs (2003)

Antiplatelet drugs protect against myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death and other serious vascular events in patients with a history of previous vascular events or known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Aspirin reduces the risk of serious vascular events in patients at high risk of such an event by about a quarter and is recommended as the first-line antiplatelet drug. Clopidogrel reduces the risk of serious vascular events among high-risk patients by about 10% compared with aspirin. It is as safe as aspirin, but much more expensive. It is an appropriate alternative to aspirin for long-term secondary prevention in patients who cannot tolerate aspirin, have experienced a recurrent vascular event while taking aspirin, or are at very high risk of a vascular event (≥ 20% per year). Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin reduces the risk of serious vascular events among patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes by 20%, and patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by 30%, compared with aspirin alone. Addition of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist to aspirin reduces the risk of vascular events among patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes by 10% and among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by 30%, compared with aspirin alone; it appears to provide incremental benefit in patients also treated with clopidogrel. Addition of dipyridamole to aspirin seems to be more effective than aspirin alone for preventing recurrent stroke, but its overall effect in preventing serious vascular events in patients with ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack has not been determined.
In-memory data compression for sparse matrices (2013)

We present a high performance in-memory lossless data compression scheme designed to save both memory storage and bandwidth for general sparse matrices. Because the storage hierarchy is increasingly becoming the limiting factor in overall delivered machine performance, this type of data structure compression will become increasingly important. Compared to conventional compressed sparse row (CSR) using 32-bit column indices, compressed column indices (CCI) can be over 90% smaller, yet still be decompressed at tens of gigabytes per second. We present time and space savings for 20 standard sparse matrices, on multicore CPUs and modern GPUs.
Comparative Analysis and Framework Evaluating Mimicry-Resistant and Invisible Web Authentication Schemes (2020)

Many password alternatives for web authentication proposed over the years, despite having different designs and objectives, all predominantly rely on the knowledge of some secret. This motivates us, herein, to provide the first detailed exploration of the integration of a fundamentally different element of defense into the design of web authentication schemes: a mimicry-resistance dimension. We analyze web authentication mechanisms with respect to new usability and security properties related to mimicry-resistance (augmenting the UDS framework), and in particular evaluate invisible techniques (those requiring neither user actions, nor awareness) that provide some mimicry-resistance (unlike those relying solely on static secrets), including device fingerprinting schemes, PUFs (physically unclonable functions), and a subset of Internet geolocation mechanisms.
Companding switched capacitor filters (2002)

In this paper, two possible switched capacitor implementations of companding filters are discussed. The governing difference equations, an estimate of the increase in the dynamic range for a given power consumption and possible topologies are given.