gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curing Behavior of Ceramic Resin for Stereolithography (2018)

Ceramic green bodies have been created with stereolithography methods by using ultraviolet curable\nsuspension of ceramic powders, a "ceramic resin", on a Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA).\nA minivat system with mini-recoater blade was designed to run small batch experiments on an\nSLA-250/40 machine. With the ceramic resins developed from hydroxyapatite for biomedical application\nand from alumina and silica for making metal casting molds, ceramic green bodies were\nbuilt. Diagnostic parts of these ceramic resins were made with the Accumax diagnostic kit (3D\nSystems) and the curing parameters determined. The effect ofshrinkage stress and scattering will\nbe discussed.
<title>Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS): nanoimaging probes for biological analysis</title> (2004)

We have developed a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based nanoimaging probe capable of chemical imaging with nanometer scale spatial resolution. Using this SERS-nanoimaging probe it is possible to image individual chemical components within sub-cellular environments. The probe consists of a tapered coherent fiber optic imaging bundle that has been coated with a roughened layer of metal, providing a SERS active substrate. The fiber optic bundle is tapered using a specially programmed micropipette puller, allowing precise control over the probe tip's diameter, and thus the resolution of images. Tapered bundles having individual fiber elements ranging from 100-800 nanometers on the tapered end and 4 micrometers in diameter on the proximal end have been investigated. Through modification of the fibers' tapered tips, generation of nanoscale imaging with inherent image magnification and short pass filtering effects is possible. Following tapering of the fiber optic bundles, the fiber probes are spin-coated with alumina particles and coated with silver to provide a reproducible SERS active surface. Characterization of the response of these SERS nanoimaging probes has been evaluated using common SERS active chemical species (e.g., benzoic acid, brilliant cresyl blue, etc.) and application of these nanoimaging sensors to biological systems is discussed.
Gene Therapy for Vascular Disease (1999)

脳血管をはじめとする各種血管病に対する治療は, 現在大きな変換期を迎えつつある.特に, 血管拡張術後再狭窄や, 血栓融解療法後の再灌流傷害に対する治療法として, 遺伝子治療は実験的な状態から確実に現実の医療の場へ歩を進めつつある.アメリカでは再狭窄に対して2件, 他の血管疾患において4件の臨床治験が開始されており, その成果が期待されている.本稿では, 各種血管疾患に対する遺伝子治療として, (1)血栓症, (2)再狭窄, (3)血管新生医療法, (4)虚血再灌流に対するデコイ療法に分けて概説する.
Nanofluidics: Systems and Applications (2008)

Nanofluidics presents growing and exciting opportunities for conducting fundamental studies for processes and systems that govern molecular-scale operations in science and engineering. In addition, nanofluidics provides a rapidly growing platform for developing new systems and technologies for an ever-growing list of applications. This review presents a summary of the transport phenomena in nanofluidics with a focus on several systems and applications important to problems of public health and welfare. Special emphasis is afforded to the role of the electric double layer and the molecular-scale interactions that occur within confined nanoscale systems.
2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol: a fructose analogue that increases food intake in rats (1988)

We examined the effects on food intake and plasma fuels of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM; 2-deoxy-D-fructose), a fructose analogue that inhibits hepatocyte gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in vitro. 2,5-AM (50-800 mg/kg po) given to rats during the diurnal fast produced a dose-related increase in food intake during the 2 h after administration. A 200-mg/kg dose of 2,5-AM decreased plasma glucose, increased plasma ketone bodies, free fatty acids, and glycerol, and had no effect on triglycerides. Normal and diabetic rats given 2,5-AM (200 mg/kg ip) increased food intake to the same extent. These results suggest that, unlike other substrate analogues that increase food intake, 2,5-AM increases feeding by creating a metabolic state that resembles fasting.
Second-harmonic mode coupling in microresonator-based optical frequency comb generation (2016)

Simultaneous Kerr comb formation and second-harmonic generation with on-chip microresonators can greatly facilitate comb self-referencing for optical clocks and frequency metrology. Moreover, the presence of both second- and third-order nonlinearities results in complex cavity dynamics that is of high scientific interest but is still far from well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction between the fundamental and the second-harmonic waves can provide an entirely new way of phase-matching for four-wave mixing in optical microresonators, enabling the generation of optical frequency combs in the normal dispersion regime, under conditions where comb creation is ordinarily prohibited. We derive new coupled time-domain mean-field equations and obtain simulation results showing good qualitative agreement with our experimental observations. Our findings provide a novel way of overcoming the dispersion limit for simultaneous Kerr comb formation and second-harmonic generation, which might prove especially important in the near-visible to visible range where several atomic transitions commonly used for stabilization of optical clocks are located and where the large normal material dispersion is likely to dominate.
Access Control Based on Execution History. (2003)

Security is a major, frequent concern in extensible software systems such as Java Virtual Machines and the Common Language Runtime. These systems aim to enable simple, classic applets and also, for example, distributed applications, Web services, and programmable networks, with appropriate security expectations. Accordingly, they feature elaborate constructs and mechanisms for associating rights with code, including a technique for determining the run-time rights of a piece of code as a function of the state of the execution stack. These mechanisms prevent many security holes, but they are inherently partial and they have proved difficult to use reliably. We motivate and describe a new model for assigning rights to code: in short, the run-time rights of a piece of code are determined by examining the attributes of any pieces of code that have run (including their origins) and any explicit requests to augment rights. This historybased model addresses security concerns while avoiding pitfalls. We analyze the model in detail; in particular, we discuss its relation to the stack-based model and to the policies and mechanisms of underlying operating systems, and we consider implementation techniques. In support of the model, we also introduce and implement high-level constructs for security, which should be incorporated in libraries or (even better) in programming languages. 1
Temperature mapping using the water proton chemical shift: Self-referenced method with echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (2000)

An echo-planar spectroscopic imaging method of temperature mapping is proposed. This method is sufficiently faster than the so-called 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3D-MRSI) method and does not require image subtractions, unlike the conventional phase mapping method when an internal reference signal is detectable. The water proton chemical shift measured by using the tissue lipid as an internal reference clearly visualized the temperature change in a porcine liver sample in vitro. It was also demonstrated that the internally referenced echo-planar spectroscopic imaging method could markedly reduce a temperature error caused by a simple, translational motion between scans compared with the phase-mapping method.
Encyclopedia of software components (1991)

Intelligent browsing through a collection of reusable software components is facilitated with a computer having a video monitor and a user input interface such as a keyboard or a mouse for transmitting user selections, by presenting a picture of encyclopedia volumes with respective visible labels referring to types of software, in accordance with a metaphor in which each volume includes a page having a list of general topics under the software type of the volume and pages having lists of software components for each one of the generic topics, altering the picture to open one of the volumes in response to an initial user selection specifying the one volume to display on the monitor a picture of the page thereof having the list of general topics and altering the picture to display the page thereof having a list of software components under one of the general topics in response to a next user selection specifying the one general topic, and then presenting a picture of a set of different informative plates depicting different types of information about one of the software components in response to a further user selection specifying the one component.
Treatment of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with 1,3-di(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane lactate. (1992)

An analogue of pentamidine, 1,3-di(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane (DMP) lactate, was tested against rat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). The drug was found to be highly active in the treatment of rat PCP at a dose of 1.75 mg/kg (parent molecule) when administered by intravenous (i.v.) injection (daily for 2 wk). The compound was also active against PCP when given orally, however, significantly higher doses of DMP were necessary when compared to the i.v. dosing regimen. Prophylactic doses (i.v.) of the drug also proved highly effective in preventing PCP.
A layout-driven framework to assess vulnerability of ICs to microprobing attacks (2016)

Microprobing attacks against integrated circuits (IC) for security critical applications have become a serious concern. With the help of modern circuit editing techniques, an attacker could remove layers of materials and expose wires carrying security critical information for probing. Existing protection methods use active shielding to detect such attacks. However, this technique has been proven to be ineffective, while layers of trigger wire mesh introduce prohibitive cost overhead. In this paper, we investigate the problem of protection against microprobing attacks and present a method to scan layout for microprobing vulnerabilities so that more secure and less costly protections can be developed. Exemplary applications on OpenSPARC T1 core layout is used to evaluate the proposed flow and substantiate findings.
Nonseparable radial frame multiresolution analysis in multidimensions and isotropic fast wavelet algorithms (2003)

In this paper we present a non-separable multiresolution structure based on frames which is defined by radial scaling functions of the form of the Shannon scaling function. We also construct the resulting frame multiwavelets, which can be isotropic as well. Our construction can be carried out in any number of dimensions and for a great variety of dilation matrices.
Multi-stage hydride-hydrogen compressor (1983)

A novel 4 stage metal hydride/hydrogen compressor that uses low temperature hot water (75/sup 0/C) as its energy source has been built and tested. The compressor utilizes a new hydride heat exchanger technique that has achieved fast cycling time (with 20/sup 0/C cooling water) on the order of 1 min. This refinement substantially decreases the size, weight and cost of the unit when compared to previous hydride compressors or even conventional mechanical diaphragm compressors.
Insulin‐Directed Synthesis of Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Preservation of Insulin Bioactivity and Versatility in Cell Imaging (2011)

Go for gold: As-prepared insulin–Au nanoclusters (NCs) show intense red fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, and preservation of natural insulin bioactivity in lowering the blood-glucose level. Their versatility in applications is demonstrated by fluorescence imaging, X-ray computed tomography, and insulin–inhibitor interactions (see picture; IDE=insulin-degrading enzyme).
Tandem RCM of Dienynes for the Construction of Taxol-Type Carbocyclic Systems (2003)

[reaction: see text] Tandem ring-closing metathesis of hydrindanone dienynes allows access to taxosteroids, a new class of compounds that combine the [5.3.1] carbocyclic system of taxanes with rings C and D of the steroid skeleton.
15 Some Strategies and Methods for the Study of Prions (1884)

The discovery of the prion protein (PrP) by enriching fractions prepared from scrapie-infected hamster brains transformed research on the prion diseases. Prior to identification of PrP 27–30, the protease-resistant core of the scrapie prion protein (PrP Sc ), almost all studies of prions required bioassays. With the isolation of PrP 27–30 came the ability to apply the tools of molecular cloning, genetics, immunology, cell biology, and structural biology. Many different areas of the prion diseases can now be investigated using a wide variety of approaches. Recombinant PrP expressed in bacteria or mammalian cells can be isolated in large quantities and used for structural studies (Mehlhorn et al. 1996; Blochberger et al. 1997). The biology of PrP Sc formation as well as the molecular pathogenesis of prion diseases can be studied in cultured cells and transgenic (Tg) mice. Similarly, potential therapeutics might be evaluated by measuring the inhibition of PrP Sc formation in scrapie-infected cultured cells or Tg mice. The biology of prions is sufficiently advanced that there are now three reasonably rational approaches available for the development of effective therapies and preventive measures in humans. First, drugs that alter the conformation of PrP Sc and allow the cell to degrade it might prove to be efficacious. Second, drugs that block the formation of nascent PrP Sc by interfering with the binding of PrP C to PrP Sc might also prove effective. Third, pharmacotherapeutics that disrupt the binding of PrP C to protein X may prove the most effective of all the approaches currently available (Kaneko et al. 1997c). In...
Insight from theory on optoelectronic properties of layered hybrid perovskites (2017)

International audience
Coding Performance of Motion-Compensated Interframe, Interfield, and Intrafield Adaptive Prediction Coding for Composite and Component TV Signals (1986)

This paper discusses the characteristics and performance of a new high-efficiency coding method for broadcast TV signals; i.e., motion-compensated interframe, interfield, and intrafield adaptive prediction coding. This method aims to transmit a broadcast TV program at a rate of lower than 30 Mbit/sec. Various objective and subjective tests were performed with coded pictures, using an experimental and newly developed digital TV coding system. High average scores of 4.6 and 4.9 at 15 Mbit/sec and 30 Mbit/sec respectively on a 5-point impairment scale were attained for composite moving test pictures. In addition, the component-coded pictures were confirmed to be superior to the composite-coded pictures.
Difference Auger spectroscopy for studying small quantities of elements on metallic surfaces (1973)

Increased sensitivity in the detection of small amounts of impurities has been demonstrated by using a difference technique in Auger electron spectroscopy. The primary electron beam is switched at a frequency of 30 Hz between two points or two samples of interest. The signals from the two samples are subtracted electronically so that the final output is the difference of the Auger spectra from the two samples and is therefore sensitive to small differences in composition between the samples.
Generalized transverse Bragg waveguides (2005)

A coupled-mode analysis of 2-D generalized transverse Bragg waveguides (GTBW) with tilted distributed Bragg reflectors is presented. As a result of the absence of inversion symmetry about a plane perpendicular to the guiding stripe, the modes supported by these guides are not separable into the familiar form of transverse standing wave and longitudinal traveling-wave components. This fundamental change in the modal description yields new and potentially useful guided-mode behavior. Expressions for the spatial distribution of the optical field, phase and group velocity, and the dispersion relation as well as applications of GTBW are presented.
Bulk reduction and field enhancement in periodic permanent-magnet structures (1987)

Permanent.magnet structures are described in which the longitudinally oriented flux-supplying magnets of a conventional periodic configuration are clad with radially oriented toroidal magnets shaped to confine the flux to the working space of the stack bore. Such cladding increases the useful magnetic field in the working space and eliminates potentially deleterious stray fields outside of the structure. Alternatively, cladding can be used to reduce the mass and bulk of the magnet stack without a reduction in field strength. More conventional methods of field enhancement are compared to cladding, with regard to maximum fields and minimum bulks attainable. Cladding, in combination with some of the other methods, can result in order-of-magnitude bulk reduction at constant field.
Use of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Treat Chikungunya Virus Infection (2012)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus prevalent in tropical regions. It causes an acute febrile disease that, in elderly individuals and newborns, is often associated with severe complications. We previously reported the isolation and characterization of 2 human monoclonal antibodies neutralizing CHIKV in vitro: 5F10 and 8B10. Here, we tested their efficacy in vivo as prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of CHIKV infection in AGR129 mice. In both settings, 5F10 and 8B10 were able to significantly delay CHIKV-driven lethality. Our results support the development of prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for CHIKV infection, using a combination of 5F10 and 8B10.
Porcine Type I Interferon Rapidly Protects Swine Against Challenge with Multiple Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (2010)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Current inactivated vaccines require approximately 7 days to induce protection, but before this time vaccinated animals remain susceptible to disease. Previously, we demonstrated that intramuscular (IM) inoculation of a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector containing a porcine interferon α gene (pIFNα) can protect swine challenged 1 day later by intradermal (ID) injection with FMDV A24 Cruzeiro from both clinical disease and virus replication. To extend these studies to other FMDV serotypes, we demonstrated the effectiveness of Ad5-pIFNα against ID challenge with O1 Manisa and Asia-1 and against A24 Cruzeiro in a direct contact challenge model. We also showed that an Ad5 vector containing the pIFNβ gene can protect swine against ID challenge with A24 Cruzeiro. Further, IM inoculation of a 10-fold lower dose of Ad5-pIFNα at 4 sites in the neck compared with 1 site in the hind limb can protect swine against ID challenge. These studies demonstrate the ability of Ad5-delivered type I IFN to rapidly protect swine against several FMDV serotypes and suggest that various modifications of this approach may enable this strategy to be successfully used in other FMD susceptible species.
Fuzzy-Logic-Based Active Protection for Photovoltaic DC Power Plant (2019)

The dc boosting and integration system has been increasingly used in photovoltaic power plants due to its flexible control and excellent performance. The dc boosting and integration system has complex topology and many photovoltaic branches. Because power electronic devices cannot withstand large fault currents, protection with fast operating speed is required. Thus, the starting element has to start quickly and sensitively, and the protective relays must identify the faulty section correctly based on the instantaneous value of the distorted transient fault current. Considering these, the conventional protection carries great potential for disoperation; therefore, a novel active protection is proposed. The starting elements start more sensitively, and the faulty region is correctly distinguished through identifying the fault information generated by active control. The effective fault information is derived from distorted transient instantaneous current data through the fuzzy logic algorithm. Simulation results reveal that the proposed protection can accurately operate within 1 ms when noise is up to 20 dB and transition resistance is up to 500 Ω.
Protein Conformation Affects the Efficacy of Pertussis Vaccines (1991)

Production of new and better vaccines to improve man’s health is one of the goals of recombinant DNA technology. In spite of the great number of papers published on the cloning and expression of genes from a variety of human and animal pathogens, as yet only the hepatitis B recombinant vaccine has been successfully introduced for human immunization and there are not many other promising candidates foreseen in the near future. The general finding has been that recombinant antigens are immunogenic but induce antibodies which do not recognize, or recognize poorly, the antigens in their native conformation and therefore they are not effective vaccines. This finding is particularly true when the natural antigens have a complex structure as in the case of viral capsids or proteins composed of multiple subunits.
Augmentation of Condensation Heat Transfer by Applying Non-Uniform Electric Fields (1982)

小温度差発電用の凝縮熱交換器を高性能化することを目的に, 電場による凝縮熱伝達の促進について基礎的に研究した. まず, 針や線を使って伝熱面との間に不平等電解をかけることにより生じる. 液体の引出し現象を見い出し, これを電気流体力学的(EHD的)観点から理論的・実験的に解明した. 次に, この現象を利用した凝縮熱伝達の促進法について実験し, 十分小さな消費電力の範囲内で熱伝達率が数倍まで増加することを示した.
Selective Synthesis of 1,2-<i>cis</i>-α-Glycosides without Directing Groups. Application to Iterative Oligosaccharide Synthesis (2013)

A method for the highly selective synthesis of 1,2-cis-α-linked glycosides that does not require the use of the specialized protecting group patterns normally employed to control diastereoselectivity is described. Thioglycoside acceptors can be used, permitting iterative oligosaccharide synthesis. The approach eliminates the need for lengthy syntheses of monosaccharides possessing highly specialized and unconventional protecting group patterns.
Analysis of intra-step-barrier quantum wells for high-power electroabsorption modulators (2003)

We present analysis and preliminary experimental results of intra-step-barrier quantum wells for high-saturation-optical-power electroabsorption modulators. We have shown that the intra-step-barrier delays the onset of red shift in the quantum-confined Stark effect to a higher field.
Black Raspberry Extract and Fractions Contain Angiogenesis Inhibitors (2005)

Targeted therapies, such as agents that inhibit angiogenesis, offer hope as complementary agents in cancer therapy. Angiogenesis-inhibiting agents have the potential for inhibiting tumor growth and limiting the dissemination of metastasis, thus keeping cancers in a static growth state for prolonged periods. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) extract was discovered to be antiangiogenic (0.1% w/v) in a novel human tissue-based in vitro fibrin clot angiogenesis assay. Assay-guided fractionation of a crude black raspberry extract resulted in a highly potent antiangiogenic fraction that accounted for only 1% of the fresh weight of whole black raspberries. At 0.075% (w/v), the active fraction completely inhibited angiogenic initiation and angiogenic vessel growth. Further subfractionation of this active fraction revealed the coexistence of multiple antiangiogenic compounds, one of which has been identified as gallic acid. However, the individual subfractions did not outperform the active whole fraction. These findings suggest that an active black raspberry fraction may be a promising complementary cancer therapy. It is natural and potent enough for manageable dosing regimens. These extracts contain multiple active ingredients that may be additive or synergistic in their antiangiogenic effects. These observations warrant further investigations in animals and human trials.