gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of simulation for order sequencing in flow-shop production systems (1988)

In many cases the functionality and performance of flow-shop production systems depends heavily on the selection of a suitable sequence of orders. The main objectives of order sequencing in production systems are minimization of set-up times, continuous and optimal use of capacities, reliability of delivery, minimization of stock and throughput time as well as avoidance of undue system states.The complexity of the task of order sequencing usually requires the employment of heuristic methods rather than analytical approaches. In this context computer simulation can be used for 1. testing and evaluation of rules for heuristic order sequencing applied to a given production system, 2. iterative optimization of partial order sequences and 3. realization of a closed-loop control system, in which the decision of the next job to be placed is made every time dependent on the actual state of the production system and its change tendencies.Integration of simulation programs within production control stations dealing with order sequencing problems thus allows to increase the performance of the production system as well as to make forecasts of future system states according to a chosen order sequence.In the following article the possibilities and limits of simulation employed to create optimal order sequences for flow-shop production systems will be outlined and discussed and some examples will be given.
4. The Meaning of Killing (2007)

Published as Chapter 4 in Modern Histories of Crime and Punishment, Markus D. Dubber & Lindsay Farmer, eds.\nThe modern lawyer thinks of homicide as a crime of result. To convict a suspect of homicide, the prosecution must prove she committed an act causing the death of another, accompanied by a culpable mental state. The law conceived homicide very differently in seventeenth-and eighteenth-century England: a killing required an act culturally recognizable as a violent assault. By “rethinking” killing as a kind of act rather than a result, this paper explains the transformation of homicide from unexcused killing to culpable causing. It examines a cross-section of the homicide cases reported in the Proceedings of the Old Bailey between 1674 and 1834. The study’s cases suggest that the categories of murder, manslaughter, and accidental death were distinguished primarily on the basis of differences in conduct rather than mental states, and that intent to kill was almost completely peripheral in seventeenth and eighteenth century English homicide law.
Perceptual false recognition in Alzheimer's disease. (2001)

Previous research has found that patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) show lower levels of false recognition of semantic associates than do healthy older adults. To investigate whether this finding is attributable to semantic impairments in patients with AD, the authors examined false recognition of perceptually related novel objects with little semantic content in patients with AD and healthy older adults. By using corrected recognition scores to control for unrelated false alarms, it was found that patients with AD showed lower levels of both true and false recognition of novel objects than did older adults. These results suggest that the previous difference in false recognition of semantic associates observed between patients with AD and older adults is not entirely attributable to semantic memory deficits in patients with AD but may also involve poorly developed gist information in these patients.
Permittivity, thermal conductivity and thermal stability of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/graphene nanocomposites (2011)

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/graphene nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending. The incorporation of graphene sheets (GSs) increased the permittivity, thermal conductivity and thermal stability of PVDF, resulting in a transition from electrical insulator to semiconductor with a percolation threshold of 4.5 wt%. The composite containing 7.5% GSs had a permittivity higher than 300 at 1000 Hz, which is about 45 times that of pure PVDF. The thermal conductivity of the composite with 0.5% GSs was increased by approximately a factor of 2 when compared with the pure PVDF. The addition of 0.05% GSs produced an increase in the maximum decomposition temperature of PVDF of over 20°C.
Sequential Variational Autoencoders for Collaborative Filtering (2019)

Variational autoencoders were proven successful in domains such as computer vision and speech processing. Their adoption for modeling user preferences is still unexplored, although recently it is starting to gain attention in the current literature. In this work, we propose a model which extends variational autoencoders by exploiting the rich information present in the past preference history. We introduce a recurrent version of the VAE, where instead of passing a subset of the whole history regardless of temporal dependencies, we rather pass the consumption sequence subset through a recurrent neural network. At each time-step of the RNN, the sequence is fed through a series of fully-connected layers, the output of which models the probability distribution of the most likely future preferences. We show that handling temporal information is crucial for improving the accuracy of the VAE: In fact, our model beats the current state-of-the-art by valuable margins because of its ability to capture temporal dependencies among the user-consumption sequence using the recurrent encoder still keeping the fundamentals of variational autoencoders intact.
Feasibility of Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection after Sexual or Injection Drug Use Exposure: The San Francisco PEP Study (2001)

The feasibility of providing postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after sexual or injection drug use exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated. PEP was provided within 72 h to individuals with exposures from partners known to have or to be at risk for HIV infection. PEP consisted of 4 weeks of antiretroviral medications and individually tailored risk-reduction and medication-adherence counseling. Among 401 participants seeking PEP, sexual exposures were most common (94%; n=375). Among sexual exposures, receptive (40%) and insertive (27%) anal intercourse were the most common sexual acts. The median time from exposure to treatment was 33 h. Ninety-seven percent of participants were treated exclusively with dual reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and 78% completed the 4-week treatment. Six months after the exposure, no participant developed HIV antibodies, although a second PEP course for a subsequent exposure was provided to 12%. PEP, after nonoccupational HIV exposure, is feasible for persons at risk for HIV infection.
SENSITIVE SEQUENCE COMPARISON AS PROTEIN FUNCTION PREDICTOR (1999)

Protein function assignments based on postulated homology as recognized by high sequence similarity are used routinely in genome analysis. Improvements in sensitivity of sequence comparison algorithms got to the point, that proteins with previously undetectable sequence similarity, such as for instance 10-15% of identical residues, sometimes can be classified as similar. What is the relation between such proteins? Is it possible that they are homologous? What is the practical significance of detecting such similarities? A simplified analysis of the relation between sequence similarity and function similarity is presented here for the well-characterized proteins from the E. coli genome. Using a simple measure of functional similarity based on E.C. classification of enzymes, it is shown that it correlates well with sequence similarity measured by statistical significance of the alignment score. Proteins, similar by this standard, even in cases of low sequence identity, have a much larger chance of having similar function than the randomly chosen protein pairs. Interesting exceptions to these rules are discussed.
Active immobilization of biomolecules on a hybrid three-dimensional nanoelectrode by dielectrophoresis for single-biomolecule study (2007)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method of active immobilization for biomolecules on a three-dimensional nanometre-scale electrode (3D nanoelectrode) using dielectrophoresis to immobilize the biomolecules at predetermined locations for single-biomolecule study. We have developed a novel two-step fabrication process for obtaining a 3D nanoelectrode having a sharp top, which is necessary for immobilizing a single biomolecule at a single point. The first step is to fabricate the backbone structure, which is rigid and defines the shape of the 3D nanoelectrode. It was fabricated with diamond-like carbon (DLC) obtained using focused ion beam assisted chemical vapour deposition followed by post-plasma etching, which reshapes the DLC structure. The second step coats the DLC structure with a thin layer of aluminium, which supplies electrical conductivity to the DLC structure. By applying a high frequency (of the order of megahertz) and high intensity (greater than or equal to a few megavolts per metre) electric field using the 3D nanoelectrodes, the generated dielectrophoresis attracted and then immobilized target biomolecules onto the tops of 3D nanoelectrodes, as a demonstration of active immobilization of biomolecules.
A 1920&#x00D7;1080 3.65&#x03BC;m-pixel 2D/3D image sensor with split and binning pixel structure in 0.11pm standard CMOS (2012)

Real-time capturing of a color image and depth map from an arbitrary scene is very crucial in various applications such as robotics, automotive, augmented reality, and interactive gaming, because it enables electronic devices to recognize and track target objects without complicated post-processing. Numerous color image sensors have been developed, pushing small-size and high-sensitivity pixels [1,2]; likewise, time-of-flight (ToF) depth imagers, where pixels directly provide their own depth information, have been presented based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) [3] and photo-mixing devices [4]. However, it is still challenging to implement a single image sensor that can simultaneously acquire color and depth images. This is because the principles of operation for acquisition of both types of images are totally different, resulting in a difference in detector devices and pixel sizes (1.4μm color vs. 40μm depth in commercial products). To address this problem, a CMOS image sensor with typical pinned-photodiode and multi-resolution functionality was recently demonstrated [5]. The paper shows that a conventional pinned-photodiode can demodulate a ToF signal at 10MHz frequency.
Constitutive c-<i>myb</i> Expression in K562 Cells Inhibits Induced Erythroid Differentiation but Not Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate-Induced Megakaryocytic Differentiation (1995)

K562 cells were stably transfected with a plasmid vector constitutively expressing a full-length human c-myb gene. Parental cells possess the dual potential of inducibility of cellular differentiation along two lineages, i.e., erythroid and megakaryocytic. The resulting lineage is dependent on the inducing agent, with a number of compounds being competent to various degrees for inducing erythroid differentiation, while the tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) induces a macrophage-like morphology with enhanced expression of proteins associated with megakaryocytes. Exogeneous expression of c-myb in transfected cell lines abrogated erythroid differentiation induced by cadaverine or cytosine arabinoside as assessed by hemoglobin production. However, TPA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation was left intact, as assessed by cell morphology, cytochemical staining, and the expression of the megakaryocytic antigens. These results indicate that c-Myb and protein kinase C play important roles in cellular differentiation of K562 cells and suggest that agents which directly modulate protein kinase C can induce differentiation in spite of constitutively high levels of c-Myb.
Effects of exopolysaccharide-producing strains of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria on the texture of stirred yoghurt (1999)

Abstract Rheological and sensory properties of yoghurts prepared from commercially available cultures that had ropy and non-ropy characteristics were compared. Our results from both instrumental and sensory data suggest that it may not be the amount of polysaccharide that is important to rheological properties, but the type of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strains and consequently the interaction of the polymer with the milk proteins during the fermentation. Data also suggest that the interaction and co-operative growth that occurs in mixed cultures also influences the yield of EPS production in the fermentation, as combining two ropy strains does not lead to an increase in total polysaccharide, although the viscosity can be improved. Texture measurements for viscosity correlated with sensory evaluation of viscosity and with slipperiness.
Simulating Collision Probabilities of Landing Airplanes at Nontowered Airports (2004)

Making greater use of smaller airports is one way that has been proposed to increase the capacity of the National Airspace System. A major difficulty is that many small airports do not have control towers, and thus capacity is severely limited during poor visibility. The authors consider a proposed system in which airplanes self-separate, so they are able to land at higher capacities without a control tower. Before such a system is implemented, it must first be shown to be safe. Safety is a difficult metric to measure and predict because accidents are so rare. Even computer simulation can be slow because of the long time to observe accidents. One methodology that has been successful in assessing aviation safety through simulation is TOPAZ (Traffic Organizer and Perturbation AnalyZer). In this study, the authors apply the methodology to assess the safety of the proposed nontowered system.
Enhanced cathodoluminescent properties of ZnO encapsulated ZnS:Ag phosphors using an electrochemical deposition coating (2003)

An electrochemical deposition coating method was developed to encapsulate the surface of micron-sized ZnS:Ag particulates with nanosized ZnO particles. The particle size of the as-synthesized ZnO particles was estimated to be below 10 nm from x-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The thickness of coating layer was measured to be from a few nm to about 100 nm using transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the presence of ZnO particle layers on the surface of ZnS:Ag particulates. With the use of this ZnO coating layer, the cathodoluminescent lifetime of ZnS:Ag phosphors was dramatically improved.
Exploring the Critical Sensitivity in Small-World Networks (2004)

Catastrophic phenomena such as earthquakes, avalanches, and critical points in the stock market are hard to predict. Recently, Xia et al. [Pure Appl. Geophys. 159 (2002) 2491] showed that a geometrical system near catastrophic rupture presents a general critical sensitivity: the system becomes significantly sensitive near the catastrophe transition. Here we report that the phenomenon of critical sensitivity also exists in small-world network systems. With the increase of the small-world rewiring probability p, from the regular network p = 0 to the random one p = 1, the system performs more sensitively before the critical point while remaining in better organization through the evolutional progress, and the prediction threshold Ps performs more in advance. The concept of critical sensitivity can be applied to other complex network systems.
MAC for Internet of Things (IoT) (2019)

Internet of Things (IoT) networks are expected to consist of a large number of resource constrained devices that gather data by sensing their environment and communicate dynamically with access points or neighboring devices to communicate these small amount of location specific delay-sensitive data. A IoT MAC protocol must be able to support the high-intensity and short-lived demands of these IoT networks. The basic design questions to be addressed are, one, why endure a high-overhead and large-delay MAC protocol in IoT networks when only a few intermittent packets need to be sent and received? Two, how to ensure energy efficiency even when energy harvesting is available? Three, what kind of access technique should be employed; grant based or grant free? In this talk, we take a look at how existing wireless MAC protocols are being adapted to cater to the specific needs of IoT networks which is imperative to address the basic design questions. Recent research proposals for IoT MAC protocols that endeavor to address the needs shall also be examined for their efficacy and promise.
Evaluation of an Alternative Flocculation System for Manufacture of Fiber−Cement Composites (2006)

Flocculation has been a key issue for fiber cement manufacturing since cellulose or poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers are used to replace asbestos. Due to the complexity of flocculation, many fiber cement companies face difficulties in optimizing it, which leads to unpredicted production problems and lower process efficiency. This paper studies the behavior of a dual system (PFR/PEO) and compares it with two anionic polyacrylamides commonly used in this industry. The work was carried out using a focused beam reflectance measurement as a sensor to monitor the flocculation process in real time. Results show that the proposed alternative dual system induces the formation of larger but less stable flocs than the ones obtained with the anionic polyacrylamides. A flocculation mechanism was proposed for the dual system consisting of the initial adsorption of the phenol−formaldehyde resin (PFR) onto the particles, which provides junction points for bridge formation by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The flocculation kinetics induced by the dual system is determined by the PFR dosage.
Prototypical Clustering Networks for Dermatological Disease Diagnosis (2018)

We consider the problem of image classification for the purpose of aiding doctors in dermatological diagnosis. Dermatological diagnosis poses two major challenges for standard off-the-shelf techniques: First, the data distribution is typically extremely long tailed. Second, intra-class variability is often large. To address the first issue, we formulate the problem as low-shot learning, where once deployed, a base classifier must rapidly generalize to diagnose novel conditions given very few labeled examples. To model diverse classes effectively, we propose Prototypical Clustering Networks (PCN), an extension to Prototypical Networks that learns a mixture of prototypes for each class. Prototypes are initialized for each class via clustering and refined via an online update scheme. Classification is performed by measuring similarity to a weighted combination of prototypes within a class, where the weights are the inferred cluster responsibilities. We demonstrate the strengths of our approach in effective diagnosis on a realistic dataset of dermatological conditions.
In vivo Effects of Black Cohosh and Genistein on Estrogenic Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) (2003)

This study was designed to assay the estrogenic activities and the antioxidant potential of ethanol extracts from the herbal dietary supplement black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) relative to the natural phytoestrogen genistein. The in vivo mechanisms of action of these two natural products have not been completely elucidated, and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) provides a useful organism for initial in vivo screening of natural products. While both genistein and estradiol altered ovarian and testicular steroid release and decreased circulating testosterone levels in males, neither black cohosh total extract (75–30,000 ng/fish), cimiracemoside A, 25-O-methyl-cimigenoside, actein, nor 26-deoxy-actein caused any differences in estrogenic activity compared to control fish. To assess antioxidant potential, animals were treated with natural products then challenged with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver. Neither the total ethanol extracts from black cohosh nor its individual components showed an inhibitory effect in 2-AAF induced LPO. However, genistein manifested potent antioxidative activity in the LPO assay, with similar potency to a high dose of a-tocopherol. In contrast to genistein, black cohosh did not exhibit traditional estrogenic effects nor significant in vivo anti-oxidant potential in this fish model system.
Cell type- and stage-specific expression of the CD20/B1 antigen correlates with the activity of a diverged octamer DNA motif present in its promoter. (1993)

The CD20(B1) gene encodes a B cell-specific protein involved in the regulation of human B cell proliferation and differentiation. Studies with 5' deletion CD20 promoter-CAT constructs have previously revealed two regions of the promoter between bases -186 and -280 and between bases -280 and -454 which contained positive regulatory elements. In this study we identified a sequence element present in the most proximal region located between bases -214 and -201, TTCTTCTAATTAA, which is important in the high constitutive expression of CD20 in mature B cells and the induction of CD20 in pre-B cells. This sequence element was referred to as the BAT box and its deletion significantly reduced the activity of a CD20 promoter-CAT construct in B cells. Mobility shift assays with various mutant probes and B cell nuclear extracts demonstrated that the core sequence TAAT was essential for binding to this site. Cross competition experiments with an octamer sequence from the Ig heavy chain promoter, the BAT box, and a TA-rich sequence present in the CD21 promoter revealed that all three sequences bound the same nuclear proteins suggesting that the BAT box binding proteins were Oct-1 and Oct-2. Southwestern blotting and UV cross-linking studies confirmed that the BAT box binding proteins were Oct-1 and Oct-2. The affinity of the BAT box binding proteins for the BAT box was approximately 25-fold less than for the octamer sequence and the BAT box binding proteins dissociated from the BAT box 10-fold more rapidly than from the octamer sequence. Despite this lower affinity, a trimer of the BAT box sequence was as efficiently transactivated by an Oct-2 expression vector as was a trimer of the octamer sequence in HeLa cells. The BAT box and Oct-2 were also implicated in the induction of CD20 in the pre-B cell line, PB-697, via phorbol esters. The induction of CD20 mRNA was temporally associated with induction of Oct-2 mRNA and a BAT box-deleted CD20-CAT construct, in contrast to the wild type, was poorly induced by phorbol esters. Together these results suggest that the BAT box binding proteins are important in the B cell specific expression of CD20 and perhaps CD21.