gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of highly sensitive immunoassays to measure human chorionic gonadotropin, its beta-subunit, and beta core fragment in the urine: application to malignancies. (1988)

A variety of malignancies have been associated with the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG, its subunits, and fragments of its beta-subunit in blood and urine. The usefulness of these hCG-related tumor markers in nontrophoblastic malignancies has been inhibited by inadequate assay techniques. In order to achieve the required sensitivity and specificity, concentration steps and other procedures to remove cross-reacting human luteinizing hormone were necessary. In addition, the coexistence of a fragment of the hCG-beta or beta human luteinizing hormone subunit contributes to significant errors of measurement in urine. The importance of the hCG-beta fragment as a potential tumor marker has been recognized previously but no method was available to measure this antigen readily. We report here the development of a series of radioimmunometric, two-site assays which will accurately measure hCG, hCG-beta subunit, and the beta-subunit fragment directly in small volumes of unprocessed urine. These assays are highly specific, extremely sensitive, and not labor intensive since they employ microtiter plate procedures. Application of these assays to urine samples from patients with gynecological malignancies indicated that over 50% of all patients tested excreted the hCG-beta fragment in their urine. Also, this fragment comprised more than 50% of the moles of hCG immunoreactive components present in the specimens that were positive for hCG. This cancer marker is also demonstrable in trophoblastic malignant states such as choriocarcinoma in which the low molecular weight fragment can also be visualized directly by immunoblotting procedures. We conclude that a search for hCG immunoreactivity in the urine of patients with malignancies will be improved by the inclusion of accurate measurements of the prominent quantities of the beta fragment excreted by these individuals.
Effects of C or Si co-implantation on the electrical activation of B atoms implanted in 4H–SiC (1998)

The influence of co-implantation of C or Si ions on the electrical activation of B acceptors in 4H–SiC was studied by using Hall effect and photoluminescence (PL) investigations. The free hole concentration in B-implanted layers is found to increase due to co-implantation of C and to decrease owing to Si co-implantation. Hot co-implantation of C at 800 °C gives rise to a further increase of the free hole concentration. It is found that the intensity of the PL peak at a wavelength 383.9 nm, which arises from shallow B acceptors [Sridhara et al., Mater. Sci. Forum 264–268, 461 (1998)], is enhanced by the coimplantation of C. These results demonstrate that the electrical properties of B-implanted p-type layers are improved by C co-implantation. The mechanisms, which alter the electrical activation of implanted B atoms due to co-implantation of C or Si, are discussed.
Bit pattern redundancy removal for Hadamard transformation coefficients and its application to lossless image coding (1997)

This paper proposes an efficient, lossless image coding method using Hadamard transformation blocksize of 8 × 8. Hadamard transformation coefficients, when seen as bit patterns, are positively correlated with each other. This is because each element of the transformation matrix is either plus or minus if the normalization factor is ignored. Utilizing bit pattern relationships, the proposed method achieves compression efficiency comparable to that of the JPEG lossless compression method. In addition, the proposed method can be programmed in progressive coding which results in lossless by transmitting transformation coefficients sequentially from low frequencies to high frequencies. This property, which cannot be attained by the JPEG lossless compression method, is very useful in a variety of applications. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 80(6): 1–10, 1997
DETERMINATION OF DRY WEIGHT IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS BY MONITORING CHANGES IN THE SLOPE OF EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME (ECV) DURING DIALYSIS (2002)

Correct estimation of dry weight in hemodialysis (HD) patients is imprecise. Since leg is more hydrated than other body segments, monitoring ECV changes in leg could determine if patients achieve dry weight. We hypothesize that if change in the slope of ΔECV (ΔECV = ECV/ECV0) approach zero at the end of HD, patients have achieved dry weight. Measurement of electrical resistivity ρ = R.A/L [ohm cm) in leg provides a quantitative measure for comparison to normal hydration in controls. Ten HD patients (3f/7m, age 56±8 years), were studied twice at different post dialysis body weight in one week. Relative change in ECV in leg was continuously measured during HD by Xitron 40006. The % change in ΔECV (ΔECV20) during the last 20 min of HD was used to indicate fluid status of legs. Resistivity was measured at the beginning and end of HD sessions. * P < 0.05 vs Dry Weight. Resistivity was significantly greater and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was significantly less before HD when dry weight was attained in these patients, with a decrease of about 1.8 kg body weight. In the period when dry weight was not achieved, resistivity was significantly less than controls (591±89) (P < 0.05). The slope of ΔECV20 during last 20 min. was significantly less when dry weight was achieved. Monitoring changes in slope and resistivity could become a reliable and accurate method to establish dry weight during HD.Table
Rapid Cooling Aborts Seizure‐Like Activity in Rodent Hippocampal‐Entorhinal Slices (2000)

These experiments show that local cooling may rapidly terminate focal paroxysmal discharges and might be adapted for clinical practice.
Tunable time-resolved tick-tock pulsed digital holographic microscopy for ultrafast events (2017)

This study presents a time-resolved imaging technique for detecting ultrafast events in the sample with tunable tick-tock pulses in common-path digital holographic microscopy. The tick-tock pulses are generated from the same single femtosecond pulse source and manipulated through a spatial-multiplexing encoding/decoding scheme with two complementary binary codes for digital hologram recording and reconstruction. The spatial-multiplexing encoding/decoding scheme with compressive sensing on the Fresnel digital hologram is used to recover missing data and achieve high-fidelity wavefront reconstruction. The elapsed time of tick-tock pulses can be adjusted by changing the optical path difference between the pulse pair arms for dynamic observation at various timescales. The proposed method is applied to explore the ultrafast physical phenomenon by quantitative phase imaging with a stopwatch-like tunable timescale ranging from nanoseconds to femtoseconds.
Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acids (2013)

: Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) refers to methodology developed over the last two decades wherein non-natural analogs of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) intercept the biosynthetic pathway for sialic acid (Sia) in living cells and animals and subsequently become metabolically incorporated into sialoglycoconjugates in place of the natural sialosides. This article provides an overview of this technology by describing the chemical diversity that can be installed into cell surface sugars and can be subsequently exploited for numerous applications that include glycan labeling, glycomics, and – potentially – therapies for many disorders and diseases in which Sia play a role. Translation of metabolic glycoengineering from the laboratory to the clinic, however, faces substantial obstacles including the poor bioavailability of ManNAc analogs at both the cell and systemic levels. These issues are being addressed through the use of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-monosaccharide hybrid molecules which, in addition to more favorable pharmacological properties, also harbor new modes of biological activity that present both pitfalls and new opportunities for burgeoning MGE technology.
Синтез и биологическая активность новых производных арглабина и перспективы производства оригинальных фитопрепаратов (2005)

The results of chemical modification conducted on the molecule of the sesquiterpene lactone arglabin from Artemisia glabella Kar. et Kir. are generalized. 32 new compounds were obtained. Bioscreening of arglabin and its derivatives using models of Artemia salina, experimentally transplanted tumors and tumor cell lines allowed to establish their anti-tumor, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, immune-stimulating, anti-fungal and antiviral activity. Structure-bioactiviry relationship in the series of the compounds obtained is discussed. A new anti-tumor preparation Arglabin was developed on the basis of dimethylaminoarglabin hydrochloride; Arglabin is currently manufactured at Karaganda Pharmaceutical Factory by GMP standards.
Traffic-responsive signal timing for system-wide traffic control (1997)

A long-standing problem in traffic engineering is to optimize the flow of vehicles through a given road network. Improving the timing of the traffic signals at intersections in the network is generally the most powerful and cost-effective means of achieving this goal. However, because of the many complex aspects of a traffic system—human behavioral considerations, vehicle flow interactions within the network, weather effects, traffic accidents, long-term (e.g. seasonal) variation, etc.—it has been notoriously difficult to determine the optimal signal timing. This is especially the case on a system-wide (multiple intersection) basis. Much of this difficulty has stemmed from the need to build extremely complex models of the traffic dynamics as a component of the control strategy. This paper presents a fundamentally different approach for optimal signal timing that eliminates the need for such complex models. The approach is based on a neural network (or other function approximator) serving as the basis for the control law, with the weight estimation occurring in closed-loop mode via the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm. The neural network function uses current traffic information to solve the current (instantaneous) traffic problem on a system-wide basis through an optimal signal timing strategy. The approach is illustrated by a realistic simulation of a nine-intersection network within the central business district of Manhattan, New York.
Lexical feature based phishing URL detection using online learning (2010)

Phishing is a form of cybercrime where spammed emails and fraudulent websites entice victims to provide sensitive information to the phishers. The acquired sensitive information is subsequently used to steal identities or gain access to money. This paper explores the possibility of utilizing confidence weighted classification combined with content based phishing URL detection to produce a dynamic and extensible system for detection of present and emerging types of phishing domains. Our system is capable of detecting emerging threats as they appear and subsequently can provide increased protection against zero hour threats unlike traditional blacklisting techniques which function reactively.
Translocation of <i>C. elegans</i> CED-4 to Nuclear Membranes During Programmed Cell Death (2000)

The Caenorhabditis elegans Bcl-2-like protein CED-9 prevents programmed cell death by antagonizing the Apaf-1-like cell-death activator CED-4. Endogenous CED-9 and CED-4 proteins localized to mitochondria in wild-type embryos, in which most cells survive. By contrast, in embryos in which cells had been induced to die, CED-4 assumed a perinuclear localization. CED-4 translocation induced by the cell-death activator EGL-1 was blocked by a gain-of-function mutation in ced-9 but was not dependent on ced-3 function, suggesting that CED-4 translocation precedes caspase activation and the execution phase of programmed cell death. Thus, a change in the subcellular localization of CED-4 may drive programmed cell death.
Deep Multi-task Network for Delay Estimation and Echo Cancellation (2020)

Echo path delay (or ref-delay) estimation is a big challenge in acoustic echo cancellation. Different devices may introduce various ref-delay in practice. Ref-delay inconsistency slows down the convergence of adaptive filters, and also degrades the performance of deep learning models due to 'unseen' ref-delays in the training set. In this paper, a multi-task network is proposed to address both ref-delay estimation and echo cancellation tasks. The proposed architecture consists of two convolutional recurrent networks (CRNNs) to estimate the echo and enhanced signals separately, as well as a fully-connected (FC) network to estimate the echo path delay. Echo signal is first predicted, and then is combined with reference signal together for delay estimation. At the end, delay compensated reference and microphone signals are used to predict the enhanced target signal. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method makes reliable delay estimation and outperforms the existing state-of-the-art solutions in inconsistent echo path delay scenarios, in terms of echo return loss enhancement (ERLE) and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ). Furthermore, a data augmentation method is studied to evaluate the model performance on different portion of synthetical data with artificially introduced ref-delay.
Design and characterization of a combined OCT and wide field imaging falloposcope for ovarian cancer detection (2016)

Early detection of ovarian cancer is only achieved in around 20% of women due to lack of effective screening. We propose a method for surveillance of high risk women based on a microendoscope introduced transvaginally to image the fallopian tubes and ovaries. This requires extreme miniaturization of the optics and catheter sheath. We describe the design of a falloposcope that combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and wide field imaging into a sub-1 mm diameter package. We characterize the systems and show that they provide contrast on <i>ex-vivo</i> samples of ovary and fallopian tube. In addition, we show the mechanical performance of the endoscope in an anatomically correct model of the female reproductive tract.
Methoxy-Functionalized Triarylamine-Based Hole-Transporting Polymers for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (2020)

The hole-transporting layer is an essential component in a perovskite solar cell (PSC) and plays a key role in controlling both power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability. Here, we report a new hole-transporting material (HTM), methoxy group-containing poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) (CH3O-PTAA), for efficient PSCs with improved thermal stability. As compared to commonly used PTAA (CH3-PTAA), CH3O-PTAA exhibits enhanced doping ability and stability under thermal stress. With CH3O-PTAA, (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15-based PSCs show high PCEs over 20%, comparable to those of CH3-PTAA devices. More importantly, better long-term thermal stability with only 3% reduction from the initial PCE (6.1% reduction on average) has been achieved for encapsulated PSCs with CH3O-PTAA than that of PSCs with CH3-PTAA under dark storage conditions (ISOS-D-3) of 85 °C and 85% relative humidity (RH) over 1000 h. Detailed studies have been conducted to reveal the strong correlation between the doping behavior of HTMs and the performance of PSCs, which provide useful guidelines for the design of new HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs.
Photoelectrochemical etching of integral lenses on InGaAsP/InP light-emitting diodes (1983)

A photoelectrochemical method has been developed for etching integral lenses on light-emitting diodes (LED’s). An LED wafer is immersed in an electrolyte and biased at a potential at which the etch rate is directly proportional to light intensity. The image of a photomask is projected onto the surface of the wafer to produce a spatial variation of light intensity to etch the desired shape. The method has been used to etch spherical lenses on the n-InP substrates of InGaAsP/InP LED’s. Extremely smooth surfaces are obtained for etch rates ≲0.5 μm/min. The resulting lensed LED’s gave the theoretically expected improvement in the light coupled into an optical fiber, indicating that the scattering loss of the lenses was very small. The technique is compatible with the standard LED processing and the apparatus required is relatively simple.
Comparison of recurrent and nonrecurrent ovarian and uterine cancer patients undergoing adjuvant folate receptor vaccine therapy. (2014)

5559 Background: Folate Receptor Alpha (FRa) (aka Folate Binding protein (FBP)) is an immunogenic protein that is over-expressed in breast, lung, endometrial (EC) and ovarian cancers (OC). In fact, FRa expression in malignant cells is 20-fold higher compared to normal cells. We are conducting a phase 1 clinical trial with E39, an HLA-A2 restricted, FRa peptide + GM-CSF vaccine, administered in the adjuvant setting to prevent recurrences in high-risk EC and OC patients (pts) rendered clinically disease-free after standard-of-care therapy. In this analysis, we compare in vivo immunologic responses (IR) and disease features between vaccinated recurrent (vR) and vaccinated non-recurrent (vNR) pts. Methods: HLA-A2+ pts enrolled into the vaccine group received 6 monthly intradermal inoculations of E39+250 mcg GM-CSF during the primary vaccine series (PVS). In vivo IR was assessed by both local reaction (LR) after each inoculation (R1-R5) and delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction measured pre-vaccination (DTH1) and post-PVS (DTH2). The LR index is calculated by dividing LR at each time point by the corresponding LR at R0. Results: Overall, 30 pts have been enrolled. Of 14 control pts, 7 (50%) have recurred. Of 16 vaccinated pts, 4 (25%) have recurred after completing the PVS and 2 (12.5%) recurred prior to completing the PVS. One vaccinated pt withdrew due to an intercurrent illness leaving 6 vR and 9 vNR pts for analysis. vR were younger than vNR (60.4 v 65.6, p=0.14) although no significant differences in age, grade, stage, or nodal status existed between groups (all p>0.05). LR index was lower in vR pts at every time point (R1: 1.5 v 3.4, R2: 2.0 v 4.8, R3: 1.9 v 5.5, R4: 1.8 v 4.1, R5: 2.1 v 4.7). vR also displayed lower DTH1 (9.7mm±3.5 v 12.6mm±2.6, p=0.5) and DTH2 (14.4mm±11.4 v 7.4mm±4.8, p=0.78). Conclusions: Comparison between vR and vNR pts demonstrates recurrences are likely related to trends in both disease features (age but not stage) as well as diminished response to the vaccine as seen by LR and DTH. As decreased vaccine response may be related to more aggressive disease, the most viable way to address this is to vaccinate less advanced disease. Clinical trial information: NCT01580696.
Tissue Regeneration: 3D Maskless Micropatterning for Regeneration of Highly Organized Tubular Tissues (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2018) (2018)

In article number 1700738, Xiaohua Liu and co-workers develop biomimetic 3D matrices with highly-organized tubular architecture to guide stem cell migration and differentiation. When using this tubular matrix as a scaffold, functional tubular dentin is successfully regenerated with the same well-organized microstructure as its natural counterpart. This approach provides a powerful avenue for the regeneration of functional tissues with well-organized structures.
Learning in Multiagent Control of Smart Matter (1997)

Embedding microscopic sensors, computers and actuators into materials allows physical systems to actively moni-tor and respond to their environments. This leads to the possibility of creating smart matter, i.e., materials whose properties can be changed under program control to suit varying constraints. A key difficulty in realizing the po-tential of smart matter is developing the appropriate con-¯ ol programs. One approach to this problem is a multi-agent control system, which can provide robust and rapid response to environmental changes. To improve the per-formance of such systems, we describe how the agents’ organization can adapted through simple learning mecha-nisms. As a specific example, we consider maintaining a physical system near an unstable configuration, a particu-larly challenging application for smart matter. This shows how the system’s organization can adapt to the local phys-ical structure to improve performance.
Overexpression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Enhances Sensory Innervation and Selectively Increases Neuron Number (1999)

Target-derived neurotrophin growth factors have significant effects on the development and maintenance of the mammalian somatosensory system. Studies of transgenic mice that overexpress neurotrophins NGF and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) at high levels in skin have shown increased sensory neuron number and enhanced innervation of specific sensory ending types. The effects of two other members of this family, BDNF and NT-4, on sensory neuron development are less clear. This study examined the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) using transgenic mice that overexpress BDNF in epithelial target tissues of sensory neurons. BDNF transgenic mice had an increase in peripheral innervation density and showed selective effects on neuron survival. Neuron number in trigeminal ganglia, DRG, and SCG were unchanged, although a 38% increase in neurons comprising the placode-derived nodose-petrosal complex occurred. BDNF transgenic skin showed notable enhancement of innervation to hair follicles as detected by PGP9.5 immunolabeling. In nonhairy plantar skin, Meissner corpuscle sensory endings were larger, and the number of Merkel cells with associated innervation was increased. In trigeminal ganglia, neurons expressing trkB receptor were increased threefold, whereas trkA-positive neurons doubled. Analysis of trkB by Northern, reverse transcription-PCR, and Western assays indicated a modest increase in the expression of the T1 truncated receptor and preferential distribution to the periphery. These data indicate that skin-derived BDNF does not enhance survival of cutaneous sensory neurons, although it does promote neurite innervation of specific sites and sensory end organs of the skin.
Tailoring of dispersion and nonlinear properties of integrated silicon waveguides for signal processing applications (2010)

Integrated silicon waveguides serve as a transmission medium for on-chip signaling, and they are also used to form various types of devices for communication and signal processing applications. In this paper, we present some recent progress in tailoring the physical properties of the silicon waveguides such as chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity. Using slot structures, both dispersion and nonlinearity can be tailored by more than an order of magnitude, which is a very useful feature in many signal processing applications.
Vapor Phase Doping of Rare-Earth in Optical Fibers for High Power Laser (2013)

This letter describes an optimized vapor phase doping technique using modified chemical vapor deposition system to fabricate rare-earth doped optical fibers for a high power laser. The process comprises deposition of aluminium oxide and ytterbium oxide in vapor phase simultaneously in combination with silica during formation of the core layer. The process parameters have been judiciously controlled to deliver aluminium chloride and rare-earth-chelate compounds to the reaction zone without decomposition and/or condensation of the precursor materials prior to the reaction zone. The standardization of the process parameters resulted in a good repeatability with a very low variation of dopant concentrations throughout the length of the preform. The fabricated fibers exhibit good optical properties with lasing efficiency of 76% at 1.06 μm.