gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization-Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography with a Single Input Polarization State (2019)

Measuring depth-resolved birefringence traditionally requires at least two distinct input polarization states. We identified a constraint on the evolution of the polarization state as a function of the round-trip path-length into birefringent tissue that enables to recover comparable results using only a single input state.
Discovery of Novel Spiro[3<i>H</i>-indole-3,2′-pyrrolidin]-2(1<i>H</i>)-one Compounds as Chemically Stable and Orally Active Inhibitors of the MDM2–p53 Interaction (2016)

Scaffold modification based on Wang's pioneering MDM2-p53 inhibitors led to novel, chemically stable spiro-oxindole compounds bearing a spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-one scaffold that are not prone to epimerization as observed for the initial spiro[3H-indole-3,3'-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-one scaffold. Further structure-based optimization inspired by natural product architectures led to a complex fused ring system ideally suited to bind to the MDM2 protein and to interrupt its protein-protein interaction (PPI) with TP53. The compounds are highly selective and show in vivo efficacy in a SJSA-1 xenograft model even when given as a single dose as demonstrated for 4-[(3S,3'S,3'aS,5'R,6'aS)-6-chloro-3'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1'-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3',3'a,4',5',6',6'a-octahydro-1'H-spiro[indole-3,2'-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole]-5'-yl]benzoic acid (BI-0252).
<title>Optoelectronic scalable substrates based on film/Z-connection and its application to film optical link module (FOLM)</title> (2000)

We propose a new concept of optoelectronic (OE) interconnect hardware 'OE Scalable Substrate (OE-SS)' and 'Film Optical Link Module (FOLM)', which have potentiality to remove optics excess. The structure is as follows: OE-films, in which waveguides, thin-film OE devices, LSIs, capacitor chips etc. are integrated with via/pad/electrode, are stacked by electrical joints (Z-connections). This gives rise to standardized-interface capability and scalability. Using one basic technology 'film/Z-connection', all levels of interconnection will be achieved, including massive parallel optical link, inter-board optical connect, and 3D- stack-OE-MCM. We prose a new process 'Device Integration with Self-Organizing Transfer', which is essential for low- cost OE-SS and FOLM, especially for WDM applications.
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging (2000)

Two-dimensional viewing of three-dimensional anatomy by conventional ultrasound limits our ability to quantify and visualize a number of diseases and is partly responsible for the reported variability in diagnosis. Over the past two decades, many investigators have addressed this limitation by developing three-dimensional imaging techniques, including three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. In this paper we describe the development of a number of three-dimensional ultrasound imaging systems that make use of B mode, color Doppler, and power Doppler. In these systems, the conventional ultrasound transducer is scanned mechanically or by a freehand technique. The ultrasound images are digitized and then reconstructed into a three-dimensional volume, which can be viewed and manipulated interactively by the diagnostician with a variety of image-rendering techniques. These developments as well as future trends are discussed with regard to their applications and limitations.
Phase-matched broad-band Raman amplifiers (1994)

The use of angle-tuned phase matching is shown by analysis and computer simulations to reduce limitations an the pump-laser bandwidth in Raman amplifiers of either near-collinear or crossed-beam geometries. This technique requires careful adjustment of the input beam angles and the use of prisms or gratings in the input and output beams. Simultaneous high conversion of multiple spectral lines or a broad-band spectrum can he obtained over a much wider range of temporal- and spatial-pump-intensity variations than in conventional designs. Intensity-phase print-through from multiple-line coupling can be significantly reduced, improving beam quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High Performance Heavy-Ion Source for Cyclotrons (1971)

A cold cathode Penning discharge ion source, power supply, and its performance in the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron (ORIC) are described. The ion source has operated at power levels as high as 8 kW and has produced a variety of particle beams, ranging from deuterium to xenon and with charge states up to +12. In particular, 20 eμA (electrical microampere) of 05+, 5 × 104 p/sec (particle per second) of 40Ar10+, and 107 p/sec of 132Xe12+ have been extracted from ORIC. From the known intensities of accelerated ions and the calculated total ionization potential, a means of predicting particle intensity for a given charge state has been developed.
Root ORAM: A Tunable Differentially Private Oblivious RAM (2016)

State-of-the-art mechanisms for oblivious RAM (ORAM) suffer from significant bandwidth overheads (greater than 100x) that impact the throughput and latency of memory accesses. This renders their deployment in high-performance and bandwidth-constrained applications difficult, motivating the design of low-overhead approaches for memory access obfuscation. In this work, we introduce and formalize the notion of a differentially private ORAM that provides statistical privacy guarantees, and which to the extent of our knowledge, is the first of its kind. The formalization of differentially private ORAM opens up a large design space of low-bandwidth ORAM protocols that can be deployed in bandwidth constrained applications. We present Root ORAM, a family of practical ORAMs that provide a tunable, multi-dimensional trade-off between the desired bandwidth overhead, outsourcing ratio (ratio of the data outsourced to local storage required) and the system security, and that provide rigorous privacy guarantees of differentially private ORAMs. Root ORAM protocols can be tuned to achieve application-specific bandwidth constraints, enabling practical deployment, at the cost of statistical privacy guarantees quantified under the differential privacy framework and lower outsourcing ratios. We demonstrate the practicality of Root ORAM using theoretical analysis, simulations, as well as experiments on Amazon EC2. Our theoretical analysis rigorously quantifies the privacy offered by Root ORAM, and provably bounds the information leaked from observing memory access patterns. Our experimental analysis shows the feasibility of these protocols using realistic simulations. The simplest protocol in the Root ORAM family requires a bandwidth of mere 10 blocks, at the cost of rigorously quantified security loss and a low outsourcing ratio. This is an order of magnitude improvement over the existing state-of-the-art.
Functional Profiling Reveals Critical Role for miRNA in Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2009)

Overall, we have demonstrated the utility of the functional profiling strategy for unraveling complex miRNA pathways. Our findings indicate that miRNAs regulate early osteogenic differentiation in human MS cells: miR-148b, -27a, and -489 were found to play a critical role in osteogenesis.
Digital‐Carrier Spreading Codes for Baseband UWB Multiaccess (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Digital-Carrier Multiband User Codes Low Duty-Cycle Access in the Presence of NBI Improved Rate Access in the Presence of Multipath Multiuser Interference Mitigation Summary References
Hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber polarizer (2008)

Broadband, compact in-fiber polarizers were fabricated using a pulsed CO(2) laser to modify the air holes along one side of the hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers. The polarizers have lengths from 3 to 6 mm and exhibit a polarization extinction ratio of better than 20 dB over a wavelength range larger than 100 nm at approximately 1,550 nm.
A Hand-Held Probe-Based Optical Imager with Self Co-Registration Facilities (2008)

A novel hand-held probe-based optical imager with self co-registration facilities is developed towards breast cancer diagnosis. Initial experimental studies on slab tissue phantoms have demonstrated the feasibility of co-registered measurements towards future tomography studies.
A wide locking range and low Voltage CMOS direct injection-locked frequency divider (2006)

A low voltage and wide locking range injection-locked frequency divider using a standard 0.18-μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process is presented. The wide locking range and the low-voltage operation are performed by adding an injection nMOS between the differential outputs of the divider that contains on-chip transformers which result in positive feedback loops to swing the output signals above the supply and below the ground potential. This dual-swing capability maximizes the carrier power and achieves low-voltage performance. The measurement results show that at the supply voltage of 0.75-V, the divider free-running frequency is 2.02 GHz, and at the incident power of 0 dBm the locking range is about 1.49 GHz (36.88%), from the incident frequency 3.27 to 4.64GHz.
A high level flexible framework for building multi-platform multi-media streaming applications (2010)

In this paper we use multi-media streaming as a practical example of how one could design a system for maximum re-use and present the implications of using this approach. While the idea of re-use is of course widely used, we found that many multi-media applications are dedicated to the specific task it was designed for and only the components of the application seem to get re-used in other applications. A lot of effort is expended over and over again to re-use just those components in building new applications. To address this problem, we have developed a high level software framework for building multi-media applications, which makes it easy to build, maintain, and extend a variety of multi-media and emerging collaboration applications. One reason for the ease-of-use is that the framework is at such a level that the intricacies and details of multi-media streaming and processing need not be explicitly known to the integrator, who does not have to worry about how to connect the components, control the timing and threading, and such. Examples of possible applications that can be built using this new framework include a player, a Video-on-Demand server, a video conferencing client, a multi-media presentation recorder, a trans-coder, a protocol translator, etc. For maximum applicability the software is platform independent, has pluggable components such as encoders and decoders, and most modules adhere to multi-media standards from the IETF and MPEG. We will show the ease of integration and maintenance and give demonstrations of some of the projects and products in our company that use this framework, such as collaboration recording, audio/visual help desk support, one-to-many presentations of audio/video with synchronized slides, peer-to-peer video conferencing and collaboration, and speech-to-text as a remote real-time service.
Improving Performance of CompositeWeb Services Over a Wide Area Network (2007)

Performance of distributed applications over a wide area network (WAN) has remained an important issue as WAN conditions change over time. Networking community has employed various approaches to improve application performance by adapting to changes in WAN conditions. Composite web services with components distributed over a WAN pose similar performance problems, however, with a different set of challenges and opportunities to improve. With their unique architecture, these composite web services can be partitioned and orchestrated in a decentralized fashion on a distributed infrastructure. In this paper, we investigate how different topologies generated by decentralized orchestration are affected differently by variations in WAN conditions. We present a system that exploits this and adapts to changes in WAN conditions. The system monitors the availability of network bandwidth, evaluates its effect on the performance of each topology using a performance model based on bandwidth availability, and then selects the optimal topology at runtime. The results from our simulation show that the adaptive system improves performance.
Software-based versatile video coding decoder parallelization (2020)

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard is currently being prepared as the latest video coding standard of the ITU-T and ISO/IEC. The primary goal of the VVC, expected to be finalized in 2020, is to further improve compression performance compared to its predecessor HEVC. The frame level, slice level or Wavefront parallel processing (WPP) existing in VTM (VVC Test Model) doesn't fully utilize the CPU capabilities available in today's multicore systems. Moreover, VTM decoder sequentially processes the decoding tasks. This design is not parallelization friendly. This paper proposes re-designed decoding tasks that parallelize the decoder using: 1. Load balanced task parallelization and 2. CTU (Coding Tree Unit) based data parallelization. The design overcomes the limitations of the existing parallelization techniques by fully utilizing the available CPU computation resource without compromising on the coding efficiency and the memory bandwidth. The parallelization of CABAC and the slice decoding tasks is based on a load sharing scheme, while parallelization of each sub-module of the slice decoding task uses CTU level data parallelization. The parallelization scheme may either remain restricted within an individual decoding task or utilize between task parallelization. Such parallelization techniques achieve real-time VVC decoding on multi-core CPUs, for bitstreams generated using VTM5.0 using Random-Access configuration. An overall average decoding time reduction of 88.97% (w.r.t. VTM5.0 decoder) is achieved for 4K sequences on a 10-core processor.
Low cost semi-continuous bioprocess and online monitoring of hydrogen production from crude glycerol (2015)

Low cost process dealing with five challenges in enhanced hydrogen production from crude glycerol and online monitoring.
Solvent‐Assisted Linker Exchange: An Alternative to the De Novo Synthesis of Unattainable Metal–Organic Frameworks (2014)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable attention as hybrid materials-in part because of a multitude of potential useful applications, ranging from gas separation to catalysis and light harvesting. Unfortunately, de novo synthesis of MOFs with desirable function-property combinations is not always reliable and may suffer from vagaries such as formation of undesirable topologies, low solubility of precursors, and loss of functionality of the sensitive network components. The recently discovered synthetic approach coined solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE) constitutes a simple to implement strategy for circumventing these setbacks; its use has already led to the generation of a variety of MOF materials previously unobtainable by direct synthesis methods. This Review provides a perspective of the achievements in MOF research that have been made possible with SALE and examines the studies that have facilitated the understanding and broadened the scope of use of this invaluable synthetic tool.
Fully automated detection of paramagnetic rims in multiple sclerosis lesions on 3T susceptibility-based MR imaging (2021)

This study develops a fully automated technique, APRL, for the detection of paramagnetic rim lesions using standard T1 and FLAIR sequences and a T2*phase sequence obtained on 3T MR images.
Decreasing Water Invasion Into Atoka Shale Using Nonmodified Silica Nanoparticles (2012)

Summary Fluid penetration from water-based muds into shale formations results in swelling and subsequent wellbore instability. Particles in conventional drilling fluids are too large to seal the nano-sized pore throats of shales and to build an effective mudcake on the shale surface and reduce fluid invasion. This paper presents laboratory data showing the positive effect of adding commercially available, inexpensive, nonmodified silica nanoparticles (NP) (particle sizes vary from 5 to 22 nm) to water-based drilling muds and their effect on water invasion into shale. Six brands of commercial and nonmodified nanoparticles were tested and screened by running a three-step pressure penetration (PP) test (brine, base mud, nanoparticle mud). Two types of common water-based muds, a bentonite mud and a low-solids mud (LSM), in contact with Atoka shale were studied with and without the addition of 10 wt% nanoparticles. We found that a large reduction in shale permeability was observed when using the muds to which the nonmodified nanoparticles had been added. For the bentonite muds, the permeability of Atoka shale decreased by 57.72 to 99.33%, and, for the LSMs, the permeability of Atoka shale decreased by 45.67 to 87.63%. Higher plastic viscosity (PV) and lower yield point (YP) and fluid loss (FL) of the nanoparticle muds compared with base muds were also observed. We also found that nanoparticles varying in size from 7 to 15 nm and a concentration of 10 wt% are shown to be effective at reducing shale permeability, thereby reducing the interaction between Atoka shale and a water-based drilling fluid. This study shows for the first time that it is possible to formulate water-based muds using inexpensive nonmodified and commercially available silica nanoparticles and that these muds significantly reduce the invasion of water into the shale. The addition of silica nanoparticles to water-based muds may offer a powerful and economical solution when dealing with wellbore-stability problems in troublesome shale formations.
New Approaches to Structure-Based Discovery of Dengue Protease Inhibitors (2009)

Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, presents a tremendous threat to global health since an estimated 2.5 billion people worldwide are at risk for epidemic transmission. DENV infections are primarily restricted to sub-tropical and tropical regions; however, there is concern that the virus will spread into new regions including the United States. There are no approved antiviral drugs or vaccines to combat dengue infection, although DENV vaccines have entered Phase 3 clinical trials. Drug discovery and development efforts against DENV and other viral pathogens must overcome specificity, efficacy, safety, and resistance challenges before the shortage of licensed drugs to treat viral infections can be relieved. Current drug discovery methods are largely inefficient and thus relatively ineffective at tackling the growing threat to public health presented by emerging and remerging viral pathogens. This review discusses current and newly implemented structure-based computational efforts to discover antivirals that target the DENV NS3 protease, although it is clear that these computational tools can be applied to most disease targets.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tubulysin Analogues, Linker-Drugs, and Antibody–Drug Conjugates, Insights into Structure–Activity Relationships, and Tubulysin–Tubulin Binding Derived from X-ray Crystallographic Analysis (2021)

Molecular design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of tubulysin analogues, linker-drugs, and antibody-drug conjugates are described. Among the new discoveries reported is the identification of new potent analogues within the tubulysin family that carry a C11 alkyl ether substituent, rather than the usual ester structural motif at that position, a fact that endows the former with higher plasma stability than that of the latter. Also described herein are X-ray crystallographic analysis studies of two tubulin-tubulysin complexes formed within the α/β interface between two tubulin heterodimers and two highly potent tubulysin analogues, one of which exhibited a different binding mode to the one previously reported for tubulysin M. The X-ray crystallographic analysis-derived new insights into the binding modes of these tubulysin analogues explain their potencies and provide inspiration for further design, synthesis, and biological investigations within this class of antitumor agents. A number of these analogues were conjugated as payloads with appropriate linkers at different sites allowing their attachment onto targeting antibodies for cancer therapies. A number of such antibody-drug conjugates were constructed and tested, both in vivo and in vitro, leading to the identification of at least one promising ADC (Herceptin-<b>LD3</b>), warranting further investigations.
Microstructural and magnetic characterization of rapidly solidified and annealed Pt–Co–B alloys (1991)

Significant increases in intrinsic coercivity (Hic) of Pt–Co alloys have been obtained by the addition of boron and the application of rapid solidification processing. After rapid solidification by double anvil splat quenching with subsequent annealing at 650 °C for 30 min, an alloy of Pt42Co45B13 (at. %) exhibits an Hic as high as 14 kOe. Transmission electron microscopy and Lorentz microscopy were used to interpret the magnetic data. Annealing of the Pt–Co–B influences the L10 superlattice structure and grain size of the matrix, the crystal structure and size of Co-boride precipitate, and the distribution of magnetic domain walls. A microstructural analysis shows that the maximum Hic occurs when Co borides, having the Co3B structure, are within the single magnetic domain size. The magnetic hardening mechanism in Pt–Co–B is believed to be a combination of inhibited magnetic domain nucleation and difficult reverse magnetic domain growth caused by the interaction of the magnetically anisotropic Co borides with the L10 Pt–Co matrix.
Auditory display of knee-joint vibration signals (2001)

Sounds generated due to rubbing of knee-joint surfaces may lead to a potential tool for noninvasive assessment of articular cartilage degeneration. In the work reported in the present paper, an attempt is made to perform computer-assisted auscultation of knee joints by auditory display (AD) of vibration signals (also known as vibroarthrographic or VAG signals) emitted during active movement of the leg. Two types of AD methods are considered: audification and sonification. In audification, the VAG signals are scaled in time and frequency using a time-frequency distribution to facilitate aural analysis. In sonification, the instantaneous mean frequency and envelope of the VAG signals are derived and used to synthesize sounds that are expected to facilitate more accurate diagnosis than the original signals by improving their aural quality. Auditory classification experiments were performed by two orthopedic surgeons with 37 VAG signals including 19 normal and 18 abnormal cases. Sensitivity values (correct detection of abnormality) of 31%, 44%, and 83%, and overall classification accuracies of 53%, 40%, and 57% were obtained with the direct playback, audification, and sonification methods, respectively. The corresponding d' scores were estimated to be 1.10. -0.36, and 0.55. The high sensitivity of the sonification method indicates that the technique could lead to improved detection of knee-joint abnormalities; however, additional work is required to improve its specificity and achieve better overall performance.
Obstacle avoidance and path planning for humanoid robots using stereo vision (2004)

This work presents methods for path planning and obstacle avoidance for the humanoid robot QRIO, allowing the robot to autonomously walk around in a home environment. For an autonomous robot, obstacle detection and localization as well as representing them in a map are crucial tasks for the success of the robot. Our approach is based on plane extraction from data captured by a stereo-vision system that has been developed specifically for QRIO. We briefly overview the general software architecture composed of perception, short and long term memory, behavior control, and motion control, and emphasize on our methods for obstacle detection by plane extraction, occupancy grid mapping, and path planning. Experimental results complete the description of our system.