gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active disturbance rejection control: a paradigm shift in feedback control system design (2006)

The question addressed in this paper is: just what do we need to know about a process in order to control it? With active disturbance rejection, perhaps we don't need to know as much as we were told. In fact, it is shown that the unknown dynamics and disturbance can be actively estimated and compensated in real time and this makes the feedback control more robust and less dependent on the detailed mathematical model of the physical process. In this paper we first examine the basic premises in the existing paradigms, from which it is argued that a paradigm shift is necessary. Using a motion control metaphor, the basis of such a shift, the active disturbance rejection control, is introduced. Stability analysis and applications are presented. Finally, the characteristics and significance of the new paradigm are discussed.
An overview of semiconductor bridge, SCB, applications at Sandia National Laboratories (1995)

The semiconductor bridge, SCB, developed by Sandia National Laboratories is a maturing technology now being used in several applications by Sandia customers. Most applications arose because of a need at the system level to provide explosive assemblies that were light weight, small volume, low cost and required small quantities of electrical energy to function -- for the purposes of this paper we define an explosive assembly to mean the combination of the firing set and an explosive component. As a result, and because conventional firing systems could not meet the stringent size, weight and energy requirements of our customers, we designed and are investigating SCB applications that range from devices for Sandia applications to igniters for fireworks. We present in this paper an overview of SCB technology with specific examples of the system designed for our customers to meet modern requirements that sophisticated explosive systems must satisfy in today`s market environments.
Development of a Novel Fluorophore for Real-Time Biomonitoring System (2012)

Rapid in-field diagnosis is very important to prevent the outbreak of various infectious and contagious diseases. Highly sensitive and quantitative detection of diseases can be performed using fluorescent immunochemical assay with specific antigen-antibody binding and a good quality fluorophore. This can lead to the development of a small, portable, quantitative biosensor to transmit diagnostic results to a control center in order to systematically prevent disease outbreaks. In this study, we developed a novel fluorophore, coumarin-derived dendrimer, with high emission intensity, strong signal brightness, and high photostability. It is easily coupled with biomolecules and emits strong and stable fluorescence at 590 nm with excitation at 455 nm. Application to fluorescent immunochromatographic test (FICT) showed that the novel coumarin-derived dendrimer bioconjugate could detect antigens at amount as low as 0.1 ng. The clinical results and the spectral characteristics of the novel coumarin-derived dendrimer open, for the first time, the possibility of developing a cost/energy efficient LED-based portable quantitative biosensor for point-of-care (POC) disease diagnosis, which can permit real time monitoring (U-healthcare system) by a disease control center.
Using In situ Capacitance Measurements to Monitor the Stability of Thermal Interface Materials in Complex PCB Assemblies (2010)

A thermal solution for an array of voltage transformer modules which are cooled by a large area, common aluminum heat spreader for a high end server was evaluated using an in situ, capacitive bond line thermal measurement technique. The method measures the capacitance of a non-electrically conducting thermal interface material (TIM) between the electronic module and heat spreader to quantify the TIM bond line effective thickness during assembly and operation. The thermal resistance of the TIM has the same geometric dependence as the inverse of capacitance, therefore, the capacitive technique also provided a monitor of the thermal performance of the interface. This technique was applied to measure the bond line in real time during the assembly of the heat spreader to an array of 37 modules mounted on a printed circuit board. The results showed that the target bond lines were not achieved by application of a constant force alone on the heat spreader, and guided an improved assembly process. The mechanical motion of the TIM was monitored in situ during thermal cycling and found to fluctuate systematically from the hot to cold portions of the thermal cycle, either compressing or stretching the TIM respectively. The capacitive bond line trend showed thermal interface degradation vs. cycle count for several modules which was confirmed by disassembly and visual inspection. Areas of depleted TIM ranged as high as 25% of the module area. Several design and material changes were shown to improve the TIM stability. Power cycling tests were run in parallel to the thermal cycle tests to help relate the results to field performance. The capacitance technique enabled the development and verification of a thermal solution for a complex mechanical system early in the development cycle.
Pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide: From discovery to current status (1993)

Sex pheromone production in females of many species of moths is controlled by a pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), PBAN from Helicoverpa zea (Hez-PBAN) is a 33 amino acid peptide produced in the suboesophageal ganglion of both female and male moths. PBAN-like activity is widespread among Lepidoptera and is also reported from a cockroach and a grasshopper. The C-terminal pentapeptide of Hez-PBAN represents the minimum sequence with pheromonotropic activity. Another pentapeptide fragment of the molecule also has high pheromonotropic activity. Presence of PBAN-like immunoreactivity and biological activity in the corpora cardiaca suggests that it is the possible site of PBAN release. There is evidence that PBAN action on pheromone gland is mediated by a second messenger. Several possible sites of action for PBAN have been suggested in the biosynthetic pathway of pheromones. The gene for Hez-PBAN has been cloned and sequenced. Cloning of a synthetic PBAN gene into a baculovirus has been attempted. Studies to isolate and identify the receptors for PBAN as well as the metabolic fate of PBAN have been initiated.
Low-NOx Emissions Over an Enlarged Range of Overall Equivalence Ratios by Staged Lean Premixed Tubular Flame Combustion (2005)

One of the inherent problems of lean premixed combustion is a narrow range of combustion-zone fuel-air ratios where low NOx emissions and complete combustion can be simultaneously achieved. The use of the reaction of lean to ultra-lean mixtures injected into the hot burned gas produced in the upstream lean-burn combustion zone can alleviate the abovementioned problem. The combustion characteristics of staged model gas turbine combustors with arranging two or three cylindrical swirl combustion chambers in series were investigated at atmospheric pressure. Tubular flame was stabilized in the primary stage and homogeneous mixture was injected into the burned gas from the upstream stage. It is shown that the lean multi-staged premixed tubular flame combustion has a potential to extend the range of gas turbine operation where both complete combustion and ultra-low NOx emissions can be achieved.
Carbon Nanotube Bundle-based Cold Cathodes for THz Tube Sources (2006)

We have developed high-current density field emission sources using arrays of multi-walled carbon nanotube bundles as electron sources required for THz vacuum tube sources. We have found that the arrays of 1-/spl mu/m and 2-/spl mu/m diameter nanotube bundles spaced 5 /spl mu/m apart (edge-to-edge spacing) form the most optimum combination, routinely producing 1.5 to 1.8 A/cm/sup 2/ at low electric fields of approximately 4 V//spl mu/m, rising to > 6 A/cm/sup 2/ at 20 V//spl mu/m over a /spl sim/ 100-/spl mu/m-diameter area. We have found that the field emission performance depends strongly on the bundle diameter and interbundle spacing and such arrays perform significantly better in field emission than other arrangements of nanotubes previously reported in literature.
TURN-BY-TURN BEAM EXTRACTION DURING ACCELERATION IN A SYNCHROTRON (2014)

A synchrotron to accelerate protons or carbon ions for medical applications is being designed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Single beam bunches with maximum beam energy of 1.18 GeV and 400 MeV/u for protons and carbon ions respectively will be extracted from the synchrotron at 15 Hz. For protons, the maximum required energy for irradiating a tumor is ∼206 MeV. A pencil-like proton beam containing ∼5.4×10 7 p/bunch delivers a therapeutic dose of 2.5 Gy in ∼1.5 minutes to treat a tumor of 1 liter volume. It will take ∼80 minutes with bunches containing 4.5×10 4 ions/bunch to deliver the same dose of 2.5 Gy with a 400 MeV/u pencil-like carbon beam. This extended treatment time when using carbon ions is not acceptable. In addition, the synchrotron cannot be controlled with a beam bunch containing such a low number of carbon ions. To overcome these two problems of the extended treatment time and the low bunch intensity required for the treatment when carbon ions are used, we have devised a method to “peel” the required 4.5×10 4 carbon-ions/bunch from the accelerating carbon beam bunch containing ∼10 8 ions/bunch and deliver them to the tumor on a “turn-by-turn” basis. Unlike other methods of beam extraction from a synchrotron, such as resonance extraction, this method does not allow for any beam losses during the extraction and the carbon beam can be peeled off in less than 15 ms during the acceleration or deceleration cycle of the synchrotron. Thus, this turn-by-turn beam extraction method provides beam with variable energy and precisely controlled beam current during the 30 ms acceleration or deceleration time.
Rigorous, Effortless and Timely Assessment of Cellular Network Changes (2019)

Cellular service providers continuously deploy changes in their network in the form of new software releases, service feature introductions, configuration changes, equipment re-homes, firmware upgrades, and topology modifications. It is important to carefully assess the impact of these changes on service performance to validate expected behaviors and take mitigation actions in a timely fashion in case of any unexpected degradation. The diverse nature of the network changes, complex interactions across different layers of the cellular network, and the rapid evolution of the network make it challenging to accurately conduct the assessment. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of our system that enables rigorous, effortless and timely assessment of performance around network changes. We share our lessons learned from the deployment in an operational cellular network over the last eight years.
Detecting diffusion-diffraction patterns in size distribution phantoms using double-pulsed field gradient NMR: Theory and experiments (2010)

NMR observable nuclei undergoing restricted diffusion within confining pores are important reporters for microstructural features of porous media including, inter-alia, biological tissues, emulsions and rocks. Diffusion NMR, and especially the single-pulsed field gradient (s-PFG) methodology, is one of the most important noninvasive tools for studying such opaque samples, enabling extraction of important microstructural information from diffusion-diffraction phenomena. However, when the pores are not monodisperse and are characterized by a size distribution, the diffusion-diffraction patterns disappear from the signal decay, and the relevant microstructural information is mostly lost. A recent theoretical study predicted that the diffusion-diffraction patterns in double-PFG (d-PFG) experiments have unique characteristics, such as zero-crossings, that make them more robust with respect to size distributions. In this study, we theoretically compared the signal decay arising from diffusion in isolated cylindrical pores characterized by lognormal size distributions in both s-PFG and d-PFG methodologies using a recently presented general framework for treating diffusion in NMR experiments. We showed the gradual loss of diffusion-diffraction patterns in broadening size distributions in s-PFG and the robustness of the zero-crossings in d-PFG even for very large standard deviations of the size distribution. We then performed s-PFG and d-PFG experiments on well-controlled size distribution phantoms in which the ground-truth is well-known a priori. We showed that the microstructural information, as manifested in the diffusion-diffraction patterns, is lost in the s-PFG experiments, whereas in d-PFG experiments the zero-crossings of the signal persist from which relevant microstructural information can be extracted. This study provides a proof of concept that d-PFG may be useful in obtaining important microstructural features in samples characterized by size distributions.
P‐16.5: A method of designing AMOLED pixel for optical fingerprint on display technology (2019)

A method of designing AMOLED pixel for optical fingerprint on display technology is demonstrated. We improve the pixels by adjusting the relative position of TFT array and the anode. According to the simulated result of aperture ratio of pixels and uniformity of the image sensor captured, we can modify our design of pixels.
Microfluidic chip for combinatorial mixing and screening of assays (2009)

This paper reports the design, fabrication and validation of a microfluidic well plate for combinatorial screening applications. Each well within the array is comprised of two 200 picoliter compartments that each contain a photonic crystal biosensor to enable the on-chip, in situ detection of (bio-) molecular binding events. This microfluidic chip utilizes arrays of Actuate-to-Open valves to isolate all compartments, which allows the chip to be decoupled from pneumatic control lines and thus to be transported freely between filling, sensing and characterization platforms. A proof-of-principle 4 x 4 protein/antibody binding assay was performed to demonstrate the discrete mixing and on-chip sensing capabilities.
Single-Spin Microscope with Sub-Nanoscale Resolution Based on Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (2009)

We summarize our new scanning magnetic 3-D imaging system. This scanning system uses optically detected magnetic resonance in a single nitrogen vacancy center in a diamond nanocrystal. The theoretical analysis and the first experimental demonstrations have proved that this method has single spin sensitivity and a sub-nanoscale spatial resolution at room temperature.
Structure based Bayesian sparse reconstruction using non-Gaussian prior (2011)

In this paper, we present a fast Bayesian method for sparse signal recovery that makes a collective use of the sparsity information, a priori statistical properties, and the structure involved in the problem to obtain near optimal estimates at very low complexity. Specifically, we utilize the rich structure present in the sensing matrix encountered in many signal processing applications to develop a fast reconstruction algorithm when the statistics of the sparse signal are non- Gaussian or unknown. The proposed method outperforms the widely used convex relaxation approaches as well as greedy matching pursuit techniques all while operating at a much lower complexity.
Multipotent Progenitor Cells in Gingival Connective Tissue (2010)

The gum has an exceptional capacity for healing. To examine the basis for this property and explore the potential of conferring it to organs with inferior healing capacity, we sought the presence of progenitor cells in gingival connective tissue. Colony-forming units of fibroblast-enriched cells from gingival fibroblast cultures were assessed for expression of membrane markers of mesenchymal stem cells; capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and adipocytes; and engraftment efficiency after in vivo transfer. On the basis of their ability to differentiate into several lineages, proliferate from single cells, induce calcium deposits, and secrete collagen in vivo after transfer on hydroxyapatite carriers, we suggest that this population represents gingival multipotent progenitor cells. The discovery of progenitor cells in gingival connective tissue may help improve our understanding of how the wounded gum is capable of almost perfect healing and opens the prospect of cellular therapy for wound healing using readily available cells at limited risk to the patient.
Resolving Abstract Anaphora Implicitly in Conversational Assistants using a Hierarchically stacked RNN (2018)

Recent proliferation of conversational systems has resulted in an increased demand for more natural dialogue systems, capable of more sophisticated interactions than merely providing factual answers. This is evident from usage pattern of a conversational system deployed within our organization. Users not only expect it to perform co-reference resolution of anaphora, but also of the antecedent or posterior facts presented by users with respect to their query. Presence of such facts in a conversation sometimes modifies the answer of main query, e.g., answer to 'how many sick leave do I get?' would be different when a fact 'I am on contract' is also present. Sometimes there is a need to collectively resolve three or four such facts. In this paper, we propose a novel solution which uses hierarchical neural network, comprising of BiLSTM layer and a maxpool layer that is hierarchically stacked to first obtain a representation of each user utterance and then to obtain a representation for sequence of utterances. This representation is used to identify users' intention. We also improvise this model by using skip connections in the second network to allow better gradient flow. Our model, not only a)~resolves the antecedent and posterior facts, but also b)~performs better even on self-contained queries. It is also c)~faster to train, making it the most promising approach for use in our environment where frequent training and tuning is needed. It slightly outperforms the benchmark on a publicly available dataset, and e)~performs better than obvious baselines approaches on our datasets.
Mannose-specific lectin from the mushroom Hygrophorus russula (2011)

A lectin was purified from the mushroom Hygrophorus russula by affinity chromatography on a Sephadex G-50 column and BioAssist S cation exchange chromatography and designated H. russula lectin (HRL). The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyaclylamidegel electrophoresis, gel filtration and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of HRL indicated that it was composed of four identical 18.5 kDa subunits with no S-S linkage. Isoelectric focusing of the lectin showed bands near pI 6.40. The complete sequence of 175 amino acid residues was determined by amino acid sequencing of intact or enzyme-digested HRL. The sequence showed homology with Grifola frondosa lectin. The cDNA of HRL was cloned from RNA extracted from the mushroom. The open reading frame of the cDNA consisted of 528 bp encoding 176 amino acids. In hemagglutination inhibition assay, α1-6 mannobiose was the strongest inhibitor and isomaltose, Glcα1-6Glc, was the second strongest one, among mono- and oligosaccharides tested. Frontal affinity chromatography indicated that HRL had the highest affinity for Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, and non-reducing terminal Manα1-6 was essential for the binding of HRL to carbohydrate chains. The sugar-binding specificity of HRL was also analyzed by using BIAcore. The result from the analysis exhibited positive correlations with that of the hemagglutination inhibition assay. All the results suggested that HRL recognized the α1-6 linkage of mannose and glucose, especially the Manα1-6 bond. HRL showed a mitogenic activity against spleen lymph cells of an F344 rat. Furthermore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed strong binding of HRL to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 gp120.
Demultiplexing illumination via low cost sensing and nanosecond coding (2014)

Several computer vision algorithms require a sequence of photographs taken in different illumination conditions, which has spurred development in the area of illumination multiplexing. Various techniques for optimizing the multiplexing process already exist, but are geared toward regular or high speed cameras. Such cameras are fast, but code on the order of milliseconds. In this paper we propose a fusion of two popular contexts, time of flight range cameras and illumination multiplexing. Time of flight cameras are a low cost, consumer-oriented technology capable of acquiring range maps at 30 frames per second. Such cameras have a natural connection to conventional illumination multiplexing strategies as both paradigms rely on the capture of multiple shots and synchronized illumination. While previous work on illumination multiplexing has exploited coding at millisecond intervals, we repurpose sensors that are ordinarily used in time of flight imaging to demultiplex via nanosecond coding strategies.
What We Observe In Vivo Is Not Always What We See In Vitro: Development and Validation of <sup>11</sup>C-JNJ-42491293, A Novel Radioligand for mGluR2 (2016)

On the basis of in vivo selectivity issues suggested by human distribution and demonstrated in knockout rat models, <sup>11</sup>C-JNJ-42491293 was considered unsuitable as a specific PET ligand for in vivo imaging of mGluR2. These results emphasize the importance of elaborated in vitro/in vivo comparative studies and, when available, validation with knockout animal models or structurally distinct ligands with affinity for the same site, in radiotracer development.
Functionalized Nanosilicas as Shale Inhibitors in Water-Based Drilling Fluids (2016)

Abstract Water-based mud formulations inclusive of nanosilicas offer the possibility for improved shale inhibition with reduced environmental impact over conventional shale inhibitors. These additives may be effective in maintaining well stability and in preventing equipment problems, such as bit balling, which may be experienced in the absence of good shale inhibition. A series of different nanosilicas have been tested as shale inhibitors in water-based muds. Differences in shale inhibition are observed depending on the kind of nanosilica that is used. The Nanosilicas described in this article are tested in fresh water and sea water to determine their applicability in both on-shore and off-shore scenarios. In sea water, nanosilica muds appear to be more powerful inhibitors than silicate/KCl muds. The data presented in this report indicate that a nanosilica mud achieves less shale erosion in sea water than a conventional silicate/KCl mud. This increased performance of nanosilica is accompanied with greater ease in handling the lower pH fluid (which can range from pH 8.5 to 10.0) compared to silicate muds which often exceed pH 12. In addition to being more potent inhibitors and more safe to handle, nanosilicas offer the possibility of lower environmental cost. High concentrations of potassium chloride are not necessarily required when nanosilicas are included in a mud design for shale inhibition.