gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the C1A and C1B Domains to the Membrane Interaction of Protein Kinase C (2003)

The hallmark for protein kinase C activation is its "translocation" to membranes following generation of lipid second messengers. This translocation is mediated by the C1 and C2 domains, two membrane-targeting modules, whose engagement on membranes provides the energy for an activating conformational change in which an autoinhibitory pseudosubstrate sequence is released from the active site. Novel and conventional protein kinase C isozymes contain a tandem repeat of C1 domains, the C1A and C1B, which each contain a binding pocket for phorbol esters/diacylglycerol. This study addresses the contribution of the C1A and C1B domains in the regulation of protein kinase C's membrane interaction using bisfunctional (dimeric) phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) molecules. We show that dimeric bisphorbols are an order of magnitude more effective at recruiting full-length PKC betaII to membranes compared with monomeric PMA and that the effectiveness of the interaction depends on the nature and length of the cross-link between the PMA moieties. Most effective were dimeric phorbol 12-acetate 13-esters linked at the 13 position with a 14 carbon spacer. The increased potency of dimeric phorbol esters is reduced if either the C1A or C1B domains are mutated so that they are unable to bind PMA, if one moiety of the dimer contains a nonfunctional phorbol, or if the binding to the isolated C1B domain is measured. Thus, the increased potency of the dimeric phorbol esters results primarily from their ability to engage, to a limited extent, both C1 modules on the same molecule. Although dimeric phorbols were more potent than monomeric phorbol esters in recruiting protein kinase C to membranes, the magnitude of the increase was still several orders of magnitude lower than what would be predicted on the basis of the reduction in dimensionality that occurs when the first C1 domain is engaged on the membrane. Thus, engaging both domains can be forced but is highly unfavored. In summary, our data reveal that both C1 domains are oriented for potential membrane interaction but only one C1 domain binds ligand in a physiological context.
Prelaunch testing of the laser geodynamic satellite (LAGEOS) (1977)

The LAGEOS was extensively tested optically prior to launch. The measurement techniques used are described and resulting data is presented. Principal emphasis was placed on pulse spreading characteristics, range correction for center of mass tracking, and pulse distortion due to coherent effects. A mode-locked freqeuncy doubled Nd:YAG laser with a pulse width of about 60 ps was used as the ranging transmitter and a crossfield photo-multiplier was used in the receiver. High speed sampling electronics were employed to increase receiver bandwidth. LAGEOS reflected pulses typically had a width of 250 ps with a variability in the range correction of less than 2 mm rms. Pulse distortion due to coherent effects was inferred from average waveforms and appears to introduce less than + or - 50 ps jitter in the location of the pulse peak. Analytic results on this effect based on computer simulations are also presented. Theoretical and experimental data on the lidar cross section were developed in order to predict the strength of lidar echoes from the satellite. Cross section was measured using a large aperture laser collimating system to illuminate the LAGEOS. Reflected radiation far-field patterns were measured using the collimator in an autocollimating mode. Data were collected with an optical data digitzer and displayed as a three-dimensional plot of intensity versus the two far-field coordinates. Measurements were made at several wavelengths, for several types of polarizations, and as a function of satellite orientation.
Mechanical Inoculation of Sugarbeet Roots With Isolates of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus Having Different RNA Compositions (1989)

Abstract Attempts were made to introduce three different isolates of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYW) into the roots of sugarbeets by means of mechanical inoculation. In Chenopodium quinoa these isolates had produced different patterns of viral RNA. The RNA pattern of isolate P was similar to that found in sugarbeets infected naturally by means of the vector Polymyxa betae . RNA 3 and 4 were partially deleted in isolate Y and apparently absent in isolate R. About 20% of the sugarbeet roots inoculated either with isolate P or Y became infected systemically, but with isolate R no systemic infections were recorded. In tap and side roots of plants infected with isolate P the virus concentration remained high for at least ten months and the tap roots of these plants showed a very poor growth. In tap and side roots of plants infected with isolate Y the virus concentration gradually dropped until it reached the limit of detectability. The tap roots of these plants became about five times as big as those infected with isolate P. Our results indicate that BNYW with full length RNA 3 and 4 can cause heavy damage to sugarbeets also in the absence of Polymyxa betae and that RNA 3 and/or 4 — in addition to a recently suggested involvement in virus transmission by P. betae — apparently also facilitate the persistent spread of the virus in sugarbeet roots. Zusammenfassung Mechanische Inokulation von Zuckerrübenwurzeln mit Rizomaniavirus‐Isolaten unterschiedlicher RNA‐Zusammensetzung Es wurde versucht, durch mechanische Inokulation Isolate des Rhizomaniavirus (BNYVV) unterschiedlicher RNA‐Zusammensetzung in Zuckerrüben‐Keimlingswurzeln einzubringen. Das Isolat P hatte in Chenopodium quinoa ein RNA‐Muster gezeigt, das von dem in natürlich infizierten Rüben nicht zu unterscheiden war, beim Isolat Y waren RNA 3 und 4 in verkürzter Form aufgetreten, beim Isolat R fehlten sie vollständig. Systemische Wurzelinfektionen wurden 7 Wochen p.i. bei ca. 20% der entweder mit Isolat P oder Y inokulierten Pflanzen festgestellt, aber nicht bei den mit Isolat R inokulierten. Die BNYW‐ELISA‐Werte blieben in den Wurzeln der mit Isolat P beimpften Pflanzen während der gesamten einjährigen Versuchsdauer hoch, in den Wurzeln der mit Isolat Y beimpften Pflanzen wurden sie dagegen immer niedriger, etwa 5 Monaten p.i. war das Virus in der Mehrzahl dieser Pflanzen nicht mehr nachweisbar. Die Rübenkörper dieser Pflanzen wurden etwa fünf Mal größer als die mit Isolat P infizierten. Daraus ergibt sich, daß BNYW mit intakter RNA 3 und 4 auch in Abwesenheit von Polymyxa betae zu einer schweren Schädigung der Rüben führen kann. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten außerdem darauf hin, daß intakte RNA 3 und/oder 4 die Ausbreitung des Virus in der Rübe erleichtern und nicht nur, wie kürzlich vermutet wurde, seine Übertragung durch P. betae .
Strategies to Manage the Adverse Effects of Oral Morphine: An Evidence-Based Report (2001)

Successful pain management with opioids requires that adequate analgesia be achieved without excessive adverse effects. By these criteria, a substantial minority of patients treated with oral morphine (10% to 30%) do not have a successful outcome because of (1) excessive adverse effects, (2) inadequate analgesia, or (3) a combination of both excessive adverse effects along with inadequate analgesia. The management of excessive adverse effects remains a major clinical challenge. Multiple approaches have been described to address this problem. The clinical challenge of selecting the best option is enhanced by the lack of definitive, evidence-based comparative data. Indeed, this aspect of opioid therapeutics has become a focus of substantial controversy. This study presents evidence-based recommendations for clinical-practice formulated by an Expert Working Group of the European Association of Palliative Care (EAPC) Research NETWORK: These recommendations highlight the need for careful evaluation to distinguish between morphine adverse effects from comorbidity, dehydration, or drug interactions, and initial consideration of dose reduction (possibly by the addition of a co analgesic). If side effects persist, the clinician should consider options of symptomatic management of the adverse effect, opioid rotation, or switching route of systemic administration. The approaches are described and guidelines are provided to aid in selecting between therapeutic options.
Use of contextual inquiry to understand anatomic pathology workflow: Implications for digital pathology adoption (2012)

To our knowledge, this is the first study that utilized the contextual inquiry method to document AP workflow. Findings were used to establish key requirements for the design of digital pathology systems.
Randomized, placebo‐controlled, pilot study evaluating aprepitant single dose plus palonosetron and dexamethasone for the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (2008)

From this pilot study of patients who were receiving palonosetron, aprepitant, and dexamethasone for highly emetogenic chemotherapy, a single dose of aprepitant displayed similar effectiveness compared with 3-day aprepitant.
Consideration to Batch Mixing Time Improves API Recommendation for Testing Cement Slurries and Prevents Cement Failures: Lab Testing and Field Application (2017)

Abstract Batch mixing of cement slurries is a common exercise in the drilling operations. To simulate cement pump-ability of the cement API procedure are followed for thickening time. However, API Procedure does not consider batch mixing time in thickening time tests which can cause catastrophic results ending with cement failures. The objective of this paper is to show the importance of adding adequate time to mix the cement slurry with no pressure and temperature simulating batch mixing to the API thickening time tests. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first study to investigate batch mixing time effect on cement thickening time. Laboratory testing invariably follows the API procedure for thickening time and, although this may be adequate in most cases, it cannot universally predict field behavior. Recently, several gas well cementing operations did not perform successfully causing expensive remedial operations due to immature cement setting. Initial lab testing in cement labs has shown acceptable thickening time using API procedure prior to the job and after the failure. Including batch mixing time to the cement with no temperature and pressure shorten the thickening time from 7 hours to less than 3 hours. This is due to the sensitivity of some high temperature retarders to shear rate used in cementing gas wells. The short thickening time was also observed when using these chemicals with tap water which rules out any possible contamination or bacterial effect. It is concluded from this study that adapting the batch mixing time into the API cementing procedure for all future wells will mitigate future cement failures. Future plan also will be to communicate with API committee to consider batch mixing time in cementing best practices.
BaTiO3/Al0.58Ga0.42N lateral heterojunction diodes with breakdown field exceeding 8 MV/cm (2020)

In this Letter, we demonstrate a Pt/BaTiO3/Al0.58Ga0.42N lateral heterojunction diode with enhanced breakdown characteristics. By using BaTiO3, a high-k material, as a dielectric material between the anode and semiconductor, the peak electric field at the anode edge near the cathode was significantly reduced and an average breakdown field exceeding 8 MV/cm was achieved for devices with an anode to cathode spacing of &lt;0.2 μm. In contrast, Pt/Al0.58Ga0.42N control Schottky diodes displayed an average breakdown field of ∼4 MV/cm for devices with similar dimensions. The use of a high-k dielectric can more effectively utilize the high breakdown fields in ultra-wide bandgap materials by proper management of the electric field. This demonstration thus provides a framework to realize ultra-scaled lateral devices with improved breakdown characteristics.
Optical method of measuring angular displacement when the axis of rotation inclines (1984)

An optical method is studied which permits one to measure the angular displacement using a pair of 2-D position sensitive detectors (PSD) and a microcomputer, even if the axis of rotation inclines. From the coordinates of two light spots imaged on the PSD, which are reflected with small double mirrors pasted on the object, the angular displacement and inclination are obtained. According to the experimental results and the spherical trigonometric estimation, it is possible to measure the angle in reciprocal movement of ~200 Hz, and to speed up the procedure tenfold.
MUGFET - alternative transistor architecture for 32 nm CMOS generation (2006)

In this paper, the suitability of the MUGFET technology as an alternative device architecture for 32 nm CMOS generation is discussed. In particular, the requirements for the MUGFET devices with focus on FIN geometry, gate stack, and junctions are analyzed. Technological challenges related to the processing of MUGFET devices such as, FIN and gate patterning, junctions and spacer formation, are also presented
Reduced Pyrazinamidase Activity and the Natural Resistance of <i>Mycobacterium kansasii</i> to the Antituberculosis Drug Pyrazinamide (1999)

Pyrazinamide (PZA), an analog of nicotinamide, is a prodrug that requires conversion to the bactericidal compound pyrazinoic acid (POA) by the bacterial pyrazinamidase (PZase) activity of nicotinamidase to show activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mutations leading to a loss of PZase activity cause PZA resistance in M. tuberculosis. M. kansasii is naturally resistant to PZA and has reduced PZase activity along with an apparently detectable nicotinamidase activity. The role of the reduction in PZase activity in the natural PZA resistance of M. kansasii is unknown. The MICs of PZA and POA for M. kansasii were determined to be 500 and 125 micrograms/ml, respectively. Using [14C]PZA and [14C]nicotinamide, we found that M. kansasii had about 5-fold-less PZase activity and about 25-fold-less nicotinamidase activity than M. tuberculosis. The M. kansasii pncA gene was cloned on a 1.8-kb BamHI DNA fragment, using M. avium pncA probe. Sequence analysis showed that the M. kansasii pncA gene encoded a protein with homology to its counterparts from M. tuberculosis (69.9%), M. avium (65.6%), and Escherichia coli (28.5%). Transformation of naturally PZA-resistant M. bovis BCG with M. kansasii pncA conferred partial PZA susceptibility. Transformation of M. kansasii with M. avium pncA caused functional expression of PZase and high-level susceptibility to PZA, indicating that the natural PZA resistance in M. kansasii results from a reduced PZase activity. Like M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii accumulated POA in the cells at an acidic pH; however, due to its highly active POA efflux pump, the naturally PZA-resistant species M. smegmatis did not. These findings suggest the existence of a weak POA efflux mechanism in M. kansasii.
Host adaptation and the emergence of infectious disease: the <i>Salmonella</i> paradigm (2000)

The recent emergence of food-borne pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. enteritidis) and Escherichia coli O157:H7, has generated increasing interest in how infectious diseases can invade, persist and spread within new host populations. To alter their host range pathogens require adaptations, which ensure their circulation in a new animal population. Adaptations for circulation in different populations of vertebrate hosts seem to have been acquired multiple times within the genus Salmonella because extant Salmonella serotypes differ greatly with regard to host range. In this article, mechanisms involved in host adaptation are deduced by considering the influence of the host immune response on circulation of Salmonella serotypes within populations of vertebrate animals. This approach contributes to the identification of genes involved in host adaptation and provides new insights into the emergence of food-borne pathogens.
K-9 Partners (2013)

As a registered nurse, I love to share my stories with the nursing (police) students. In nursing (police) school, as you drown in a sea of medical (law) books, exams, and dosage calculation charts, you are never really taught what real-world nursing (policing) entails. You cannot acquire many of the skills that you use in nursing (policing) from a book. And it would be unfair to expect it to be otherwise. Nursing (Police) students are, rather, given the basic tools that they will need in the diverse and ever-changing career of nursing (policing). What they later grow and mold into will depend on what specialties they choose and what life experiences they gain from their patients and work environments. And so, when my nursing students come onto the oor with wide eyes and open hearts, eager to learn what being a nurse really means, I am all too eager to share my experiences, practices, and life lessons learned, as a mentor already nursing in this eld.
Egg Embryo Development Detection with Hyperspectral Imaging (2006)

In the U. S. egg industry, anywhere from 130 million to over one billion infertile eggs are incubated each year. Some of these infertile eggs explode in the hatching cabinet and can potentially spread molds or bacteria to all the eggs in the cabinet. A method to detect the embryo development of incubated eggs was developed. Twelve brown-shell hatching eggs from two replicates (n=24) were incubated and imaged to identify embryo development. A hyperspectral imaging system was used to collect transmission images from 420 to 840 nm of brown-shell eggs positioned with the air cell vertical and normal to the camera lens. Raw transmission images from about 400 to 900 nm were collected for every egg on days 0, 1, 2, and 3 of incubation. A total of 96 images were collected and eggs were broken out on day 6 to determine fertility. After breakout, all eggs were found to be fertile. Therefore, this paper presents results for egg embryo development, not fertility. The original hyperspectral data and spectral means for each egg were both used to create embryo development models. With the hyperspectral data range reduced to about 500 to 700 nm, a minimum noise fraction transformation was used, along with a Mahalanobis Distance classification model, to predict development. Days 2 and 3 were all correctly classified (100%), while day 0 and day 1 were classified at 95.8% and 91.7%, respectively. Alternatively, the mean spectra from each egg were used to develop a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. First, a PLSR model was developed with all eggs and all days. The data were multiplicative scatter corrected, spectrally smoothed, and the wavelength range was reduced to 539 - 770 nm. With a one-out cross validation, all eggs for all days were correctly classified (100%). Second, a PLSR model was developed with data from day 0 and day 3, and the model was validated with data from day 1 and 2. For day 1, 22 of 24 eggs were correctly classified (91.7%) and for day 2, all eggs were correctly classified (100%). Although the results are based on relatively small sample sizes, they are encouraging. However, larger sample sizes, from multiple flocks, will be needed to fully validate and verify these models. Additionally, future experiments must also include non-fertile eggs so the fertile / non-fertile effect can be determined.
Next-generation biomedical implants using additive manufacturing of complex, cellular and functional mesh arrays (2010)

In this paper, we examine prospects for the manufacture of patient-specific biomedical implants replacing hard tissues (bone), particularly knee and hip stems and large bone (femoral) intramedullary rods, using additive manufacturing (AM) by electron beam melting (EBM). Of particular interest is the fabrication of complex functional (biocompatible) mesh arrays. Mesh elements or unit cells can be divided into different regions in order to use different cell designs in different areas of the component to produce various or continually varying (functionally graded) mesh densities. Numerous design elements have been used to fabricate prototypes by AM using EBM of Ti-6Al-4V powders, where the densities have been compared with the elastic (Young) moduli determined by resonant frequency and damping analysis. Density optimization at the bone-implant interface can allow for bone ingrowth and cementless implant components. Computerized tomography (CT) scans of metal (aluminium alloy) foam have also allowed for the building of Ti-6Al-4V foams by embedding the digital-layered scans in computer-aided design or software models for EBM. Variations in mesh complexity and especially strut (or truss) dimensions alter the cooling and solidification rate, which alters the alpha-phase (hexagonal close-packed) microstructure by creating mixtures of alpha/alpha' (martensite) observed by optical and electron metallography. Microindentation hardness measurements are characteristic of these microstructures and microstructure mixtures (alpha/alpha') and sizes.
Automatic Fault Isolation by Cultural Algorithms With Differential Influence (2007)

An evolutionary algorithm with a cultural mechanism of evolution influence for effectiveness and efficiency higher than classical genetic algorithms is proposed for industrial fault isolation. Moreover, the evolution influence is based on a differential concept in order to move toward better zones of the solution space by sensing the fitness gradient. The proposed cultural algorithm is designed in order to be portable and easily configurable in different diagnostic applications. On-field results of an industrial application to motor-vehicle fleet remote monitoring and automatic fault isolation of vehicle wear, operating danger, and fraud in a company that transports dangerous goods are shown.
MESA's Origins and Early Years and Recollections of a Charter Member (2006)

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Analysis of the monoalkylation and cross-linking sequence specificity of bizelesin, a bifunctional alkylation agent related to (+)-CC-1065 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the monoalkylation and cross-linking sequence specificity of bizelesin, a bifunctional alkylation agent related to (+)-CC-1065Daekyu Sun and Laurence H. HurleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 14, 5925–5933Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00067a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00067a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts