gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Full-Reference Quality Assessment of Stereoscopic Images by Considering Binocular Visual Characteristics (2013)

Perceptual quality assessment is a challenging issue in 3D signal processing research. It is important to study 3D signal directly instead of studying simple extension of the 2D metrics directly to the 3D case as in some previous studies. In this paper, we propose a new perceptual full-reference quality assessment metric of stereoscopic images by considering the binocular visual characteristics. The major technical contribution of this paper is that the binocular perception and combination properties are considered in quality assessment. To be more specific, we first perform left-right consistency checks and compare matching error between the corresponding pixels in binocular disparity calculation, and classify the stereoscopic images into non-corresponding, binocular fusion, and binocular suppression regions. Also, local phase and local amplitude maps are extracted from the original and distorted stereoscopic images as features in quality assessment. Then, each region is evaluated independently by considering its binocular perception property, and all evaluation results are integrated into an overall score. Besides, a binocular just noticeable difference model is used to reflect the visual sensitivity for the binocular fusion and suppression regions. Experimental results show that compared with the relevant existing metrics, the proposed metric can achieve higher consistency with subjective assessment of stereoscopic images.
8‐Methylethoxyquin: A possible replacement for ethoxyquin (1993)

Abstract When acting as an antioxidant, ethoxyquin is converted mainly to a 1,8′‐dimer and to a quinone‐imine, with the latter itself acting as a powerful antioxidant. The 8‐methyl derivative of ethoxyquin was prepared in the expectation that this would not form a dimer but more quinone‐imine and, therefore, be a more powerful antioxidant. On oxidation of 8‐methylethoxyquin, the dimer was absent and the quinone‐imine was formed in high yield. Despite this, 8‐methylethoxyquin was a less efficient antioxidant than ethoxyquin in fish oil and meal.
Discrimination Between HIV-1 and HIV-2-Seropositive Individuals Using Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to HIV Transmembrane Proteins (1990)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against the transmembrane proteins of HIV-1 or HIV-2 provided site-directed, unambiguous discrimination between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody-positive sera, when employed in immunoassays as competitive probes against serum antibodies. These monoclonal antibodies mapped to epitopes outside of the well-characterized immunodominant regions (IDR) of the transmembrane proteins. The monoclonal competitive immunoassay was a superior method for discrimination compared with immunoprecipitation of metabolically radiolabeled HIV envelope glycoproteins, Western blot against viral envelope glycoproteins, or noncompetitive enzyme immunoassays employing HIV recombinant transmembrane proteins or synthetic IDR peptides as serological targets. The monoclonal competitive assay was not affected by antigenic cross reactivity or nonspecific reactivity exhibited by selected serum samples toward envelope proteins or peptides, respectively. Results of the monoclonal competitive immunoassay were supported by results of a peptide inhibition assay employing free IDR peptides in competition with IDR peptides on a solid support for binding of serum antibody. IDR peptide inhibition clearly demonstrated non-cross-reactive antigenic specificity of sera toward either the HIV-1 IDR or the HIV-2 IDR. The monoclonal competitive assay also identified samples containing antibody to both HIV-1 and HIV-2 transmembrane proteins. Analysis of these samples by IDR peptide inhibition indicated they contained two distinct, non-cross-reactive populations of antibodies, one directed to the HIV-1 IDR and the other directed to the HIV-2 IDR.
Detecting unique column combinations on dynamic data (2014)

The discovery of all unique (and non-unique) column combinations in an unknown dataset is at the core of any data profiling effort. Unique column combinations resemble candidate keys of a relational dataset. Several research approaches have focused on their efficient discovery in a given, static dataset. However, none of these approaches are suitable for applications on dynamic datasets, such as transactional databases, social networks, and scientific applications. In these cases, data profiling techniques should be able to efficiently discover new uniques and non-uniques (and validate old ones) after tuple inserts or deletes, without re-profiling the entire dataset. We present the first approach to efficiently discover unique and non-unique constraints on dynamic datasets that is independent of the initial dataset size. In particular, Swan makes use of intelligently chosen indices to minimize access to old data. We perform an exhaustive analysis of Swan and compare it with two state-of-the-art techniques for unique discovery: Gordian and Ducc. The results show that Swan significantly outperforms both, as well as their incremental adaptations. For inserts, Swan is more than 63x faster than Gordian and up to 50x faster than Ducc. For deletes, Swan is more than 15x faster than Gordian and up to 1 order of magnitude faster than Ducc. In fact, Swan even improves on the static case by dividing the dataset into a static part and a set of inserts.
Fabrication and optical measurements of germanium-doped silica ridge waveguides using a colloidal suspension approach (2005)

Germanium-doped silica ridge waveguides for planar lightwave circuits were fabricated using colloidal suspensions. After consolidation at 1300 °C, fully dense micron-scale thick films were obtained. The refractive index of these films was tuned with germanium dopant up to 11.1 mol %. The propagation loss of a 3.1 mol % germanium-doped silica sample without an overcladding layer was 3.3±0.5dB∕cm. Postannealing of the patterned waveguides at 1200 °C for 30 min was conducted in order to reflow waveguides, but it did not significantly smooth the sidewall roughness due to the high viscosity of the 3.1 mol % germanium-doped silica at that temperature.
Self-Calibrating Protocols as diagnostic aids for personal medicine, neurological conditions and pain assessment (2016)

Recent advances in the tracking and quantification of pain using consumer-grade wearable EEG headbands, such as Muse [8] and Neurosky [12], coupled to efficient machine learning [9], pave the way towards applying Self-Calibrating Protocols (SCP) [10] and Dynamic Background Reduction (DBR) [11] principles to basic research, while empowering new applications. In the cases of neurological conditions and chronic pain management, SCP is of particular interest during the early diagnostic process as well as an aid in personalizing intervention strategies. In this paper, we outline a framework based on SCP, to design machine learning systems that completely bypass the pitfalls of using normed neurophysiological states for diagnostics. This effort targets short-term practical development of personalized early diagnostics and treatment strategies and has longer-term implications for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) methodologies.
Analyzing large DDoS attacks using multiple data sources (2006)

We present a measurement study analyzing DDoS attacks from multiple data sources, relying on both direct measurements of flow-level information, and more traditional indirect measurements using backscatter analysis. Understanding the nature of DDoS attacks is critically important to the development of effective counter measures to this pressing problem. While much of the community's current understanding of DDoS attacks result from indirect measurements, our analysis suggests that such studies do not give a comprehensive view of DDoS attacks witnessed in today's Internet. Specifically, our results suggest little use of address spoofing by attackers, which imply that such attacks will be invisible to indirect backscatter measurement techniques. Further, at the detailed packet-level characterization (e.g., attack destination ports), there are significant differences between direct and indirect measurements. Thus, there is tremendous value in moving towards direct observations to better understand DDoS attacks. Direct measurements additionally provide information inaccessible to indirect measurements, enabling us to better understand how to defend against attacks. We find that for 70% of the attacks fewer than 50 source ASes are involved and a relatively small number of ASes produce nearly 72% of the total attack volume. This suggests that network providers can reduce a substantial volume of malicious traffic with targeted deployment of DDoS defenses.
Measurement of Transfer Matrices and Source Terms of Premixed Flames (1999)

An experimental method to determine the thermoacoustic properties of a gas turbine combustor using a lean-premixed low emission swirl stabilized burner is presented. To model thermoacoustic oscillations, a combustion system can be described as a network of acoustic elements, representing for example fuel and air supply, burner and flame, combustor, cooling channels, suitable terminations, etc. For most of these elements, simple analytical models provide an adequate description of their thermoacoustic properties. However, the complex response of burner and flame (involving a three-dimensional flow field, recirculation zones, flow instabilities and heat release) to acoustic perturbations has — at least in a first step — to be determined by experiment. In our approach, we describe the burner as an active acoustical two-port, where the state variables pressure and velocity at the inlet and the outlet of the two port are coupled via a four element transfer matrix. This approach is similar to the “black box” theory in communication engineering. To determine all four transfer matrix coefficients, two test states, which are independent in the state vectors, have to be created. This is achieved by using acoustic excitation by loudspeakers upstream and downstream of the burner, respectively. In addition, the burner might act as an acoustic source, emitting acoustic waves due to an unsteady combustion process. The source characteristics were determined by using a third test state, which again must be independent from the two other state vectors. In application to a full size gas turbine burner, the method’s accuracy was tested in a first step without combustion and the results were compared to an analytical model for the burner’s acoustic properties. Then the method was used to determine the burner transfer matrix with combustion. An experimental swirl stabilized premixed gas-turbine burner was used for this purpose. The treatment of burners as acoustic two-ports with feedback including a source term and the experimental determination of the burner transfer matrix is novel.
Genetic risk and transcriptional variability of amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease (2006)

It is well established that Alzheimer's disease causing mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 lead to a relative increased production of Abeta42, thereby fostering its deposition in plaques. Recently others and we showed that amyloid precursor protein (APP) overproduction, either as a result of genomic locus duplication or altered regulatory sequences in the APP promoter region, leads to early-onset disease. Here, we have expanded our study of genetic variability in the APP promoter to a large group of well-documented Belgian patients (n = 750, mean onset age = 75.0 +/- 8.6, range = 37-96). We identified three different APP promoter mutations (-369C-->G, -534G-->A and -479C-->T) in seven patients. In patients with onset < or =70 years (n = 204), we identified one patient carrying the London APP V717I mutation while no patients carried an APP locus duplication, indicating that APP promoter mutations (n = 2) were more frequently associated with increased risk for early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The two mutations (-369C-->G and -534G-->A) increasing APP promoter activity by nearly 2-fold and mimicking an APP duplication, appeared in probands of families with multiple patients with dementia. The -479C-->T mutation that increased APP expression only mildly (1.2-fold), was observed in four patients with onset ages ranging from 62 to 79 years (mean 71.5 years), suggesting that its contribution to disease risk is more pronounced at later age due to modulating factors. In conclusion, we provided evidence that mutations in APP regulatory sequences are more frequent than APP coding mutations, and that increased APP transcriptional activity constitutes a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease with onset ages inversely correlated with levels of APP expression.
Annular seed-blanket thorium fuel core concepts for heavy water moderated reactors (2013)

New reactor concepts to implement thorium-based fuel cycles have been explored to achieve maximum resource utilization. Pressure tube heavy water reactors (PT-HWR) are highly advantageous for implementing the use of thorium-based fuels because of their high neutron economy and on-line re-fuelling capability. The use of heterogeneous seed-blanket core concepts in a PT-HWR where higher-fissile-content seed fuel bundles are physically separate from lower-fissile-content blanket bundles allows more flexibility and control in fuel management to maximize the fissile utilization and conversion of fertile fuel. The lattice concept chosen is a 35-element bundle made with a homogeneous mixture of reactor grade Pu and Th, and with a central zirconia rod to help reduce coolant void reactivity. Several annular heterogeneous seed-blanket core concepts with plutonium-thorium-based fuels in a 700-MWe-class PT-HWR were analyzed, using a once-through thorium (OTT) cycle. Different combinations of seed and blanket fuel were tested to determine the impact on core-average burnup, fissile utilization, power distributions, and other performance parameters. It was found that the various core concepts can achieve a fissile utilization that is up to 30% higher than is currently achieved in a PT-HWR using conventional natural uranium fuel bundles. Up to 67% of the Pu is consumed; up tomore » 43% of the energy is produced from thorium, and up to 363 kg/year of U-233 is produced. Seed-blanket cores with ∼50% content of low-power blanket bundles may require power de-rating (∼58% to 65%) to avoid exceeding maximum limits for peak channel power, bundle power and linear element ratings. (authors)« less
GPU-based accelerated 2D and 3D FDTD solvers (2007)

Our group has employed the use of modern graphics processor units (GPUs) for the acceleration of finite-difference based computational electromagnetics (CEM) codes. In particular, we accelerated the well-known Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, which is commonly used for the analysis of electromagnetic phenomena. This algorithm uses difference-based approximations for Maxwell's Equations to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic fields through space and materials. The method is very general and is applicable to a wide array of problems, but runtimes can be very long so acceleration is highly desired. In this paper we present GPU-based accelerated solvers for the FDTD method in both its 2D and 3D embodiments.
Chicken anaemia virus infection: Molecular basis of pathogenicity (1995)

Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) is a small virus of a unique type with a particle diameter of 23 to 25 nm and a genome consisting of a circular single-stranded (minus-strand) DNA. This DNA multiplies in infected cells via a circular double-stranded replicative intermediate, which was recently cloned. DNA analysis of CAV strains isolated in different continents revealed only minor differences among the various isolates. Apparently, all CAV isolates belong to a single serotype. CAV is not related to other known animal single-stranded circular-DNA viruses, such as porcine circovirus and psittacine beak-and-feather-disease virus. The major transcript from the CAV genome is an unspliced polycistronic mRNA of about 2100 nucleotides encoding three proteins of 51.6 kDa (VP1), 24.0 kDa (VP2) and 13.6 kDa (VP3 or apoptin). All three predicted CAV proteins are synthesized in CAV-infected cells. Immunization with (recombinant) VP1 and VP2 synchronously synthesized in the same cells elicits a protective response and can be used as subunit vaccine against chicken infectious anaemia. CAV causes clinical and subclinical disease in chickens, and is recognized as an important avian pathogen worldwide. In young chickens, CAV causes a transient severe anaemia due to destruction of erythroblastoid cells in the bone marrow and immunodeficiency due to depletion of cortical thymocytes. The depletion of the cortical thymocytes is considered to cause a (transient) immunodeficiency resulting in enhanced concurrent infections and to vaccination failures. The depletion of thymocytes and most likely also of erythroblastoid cells occurs via CAV-induced apoptosis. The CAV-encoded protein apoptin is the main inducer of this phenomenon.
Oxide–Zeolite-Based Composite Catalyst Concept That Enables Syngas Chemistry beyond Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (2021)

Syngas chemistry has been under study since Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was invented in the 1920s. Despite the successful applications of FTS as the core technology of coal-to-liquid and gas-to-liquid processes in industry, the product selectivity control of syngas conversion still remains a great challenge, particularly for value-added chemicals such as light olefins. Recent studies show that the catalyst design concept of OXZEO (oxide-zeolite-based composite) enables direct syngas conversion to mixed light olefins with a selectivity reaching 80% and to ethylene with a selectivity of 83% among hydrocarbons. They both well-surpass the limits predicated by the Anderson-Schultz-Flory model via the conventional FTS route (58% and 30%, respectively). Furthermore, this catalyst concept allows one-step synthesis of gasoline-range isoparaffins and aromatic compounds, which is otherwise not possible in conventional FTS. A rapidly growing number of studies demonstrate the versatility of this concept and may form a technology platform for utilization of carbon resources including coal, natural gas, and biomass via syngas to a variety of basic chemicals and fuels. However, the selectivity control mechanism is far from being understood. Therefore, we focus mainly on the catalytic roles of the bifunctionalities of OXZEO while reviewing the development of bifunctional catalysts for selective syngas conversion by taking syngas-to-light olefins as an example. With this, we intend to provide insights into the selectivity control mechanism of the OXZEO concept in order to understand the challenges and prospects for future development of much more active and more selective catalysts.
Bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses for high-power lasers (2018)

A novel bidirectional ring amplifier with twin pulses for high-power lasers is proposed, and the performances on output energy capability and extraction efficiency are comprehended with detailed simulation. The results show that an extraction efficiency of 62.3% and the output energy of 13.4 kJ per pulse at the B integral limit can be obtained at low average fluence of 10.3 J/cm<sup>2</sup> and the low injection energy of 3.9 mJ in the bidirectional ring amplifier. Compared with the multi-pass amplifier, the bidirectional ring amplifier is more compact and the extraction efficiency is much higher at low injection energy and low laser fluence operation, which is beneficial to simplify the preamplifier system and reduce the effects of nonlinear phase shift.
Antidepressant-Like Activity and Modulation of Brain Monoaminergic Transmission by Blockade of Anandamide Hydrolysis (2005)

Although anecdotal reports suggest that cannabis may be used to alleviate symptoms of depression, the psychotropic effects and abuse liability of this drug prevent its therapeutic application. The active constituent of cannabis, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, acts by binding to brain CB1 cannabinoid receptors, but an alternative approach might be to develop agents that amplify the actions of endogenous cannabinoids by blocking their deactivation. Here, we show that URB597, a selective inhibitor of the enzyme fatty-acid amide hydrolase, which catalyzes the intracellular hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid anandamide, exerts potent antidepressant-like effects in the mouse tail-suspension test and the rat forced-swim test. Moreover, URB597 increases firing activity of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and noradrenergic neurons in the nucleus locus ceruleus. These actions are prevented by the CB1 antagonist rimonabant, are accompanied by increased brain anandamide levels, and are maintained upon repeated URB597 administration. Unlike direct CB1 agonists, URB597 does not exert rewarding effects in the conditioned place preference test or produce generalization to the discriminative effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. The findings support a role for anandamide in mood regulation and point to fatty-acid amide hydrolase as a previously uncharacterized target for antidepressant drugs.
Synthesis and ring opening polymerization of bicyclic lactones containing a tetrahydropyran ring. 2,5-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and ring opening polymerization of bicyclic lactones containing a tetrahydropyran ring. 2,5-Dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-oneMasahiko Okada, Hiroshi Sumitomo, Satoru Yamada, Miharu Atsumi, H. K. Hall Jr., Ray J. H. Chan, and R. B. OrtegaCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 4, 953–959Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00158a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00158a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts