gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus for Control of Tremors in Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor (1999)

The beneficial effects of ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) stimulation were evaluated in 20 patients with tremor refractory to medical therapy. Thalamic stimulation is a non-ablative procedure which has the advantage of a reversible, non-destructive lesion. Eleven patients [7 with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 4 with essential tremor (ET)] received unilateral VIM implantation, while 9 patients had staged bilateral VIM implantation (4 with PD, 5 with ET). PD patients showed a significant improvement in contralateral arm and leg rest tremor and ipsilateral leg rest tremor (p < 0.02) at a mean follow-up period of 16.2 +/- 7.0 months. Patients with PD did not demonstrate any significant decrease in medication use at follow-up. ET patients demonstrated significant improvement in postural and action tremor in the contralateral arm (p < 0.001), but no significant improvement in the contralateral leg tremor at follow-up. Significant improvements were also seen in ET patients in the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (p < 0.001) with respect to several activities of daily living at a mean follow-up of 14.9 +/- 8. 1 months. Deep brain stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for severe tremor refractory to medications. It is a highly effective, reversible, adaptable, and predictable procedure which avoids the complication of cognitive deficit seen in patients with bilateral thalamotomies.
Evaluation of Fluorophotometry to Assess the Vitreal Pharmacokinetics of Protein Therapeutics (2015)

Although not suitable for measuring retinal concentrations, fluorophotometry is a valuable, noninvasive method to measure vitreous concentrations of protein therapeutics after intravitreal injection.
Hydrogels for the Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects (2011)

The repair of articular cartilage defects remains a significant challenge in orthopedic medicine. Hydrogels, three-dimensional polymer networks swollen in water, offer a unique opportunity to generate a functional cartilage substitute. Hydrogels can exhibit similar mechanical, swelling, and lubricating behavior to articular cartilage, and promote the chondrogenic phenotype by encapsulated cells. Hydrogels have been prepared from naturally derived and synthetic polymers, as cell-free implants and as tissue engineering scaffolds, and with controlled degradation profiles and release of stimulatory growth factors. Using hydrogels, cartilage tissue has been engineered in vitro that has similar mechanical properties to native cartilage. This review summarizes the advancements that have been made in determining the potential of hydrogels to replace damaged cartilage or support new tissue formation as a function of specific design parameters, such as the type of polymer, degradation profile, mechanical properties and loading regimen, source of cells, cell-seeding density, controlled release of growth factors, and strategies to cause integration with surrounding tissue. Some key challenges for clinical translation remain, including limited information on the mechanical properties of hydrogel implants or engineered tissue that are necessary to restore joint function, and the lack of emphasis on the ability of an implant to integrate in a stable way with the surrounding tissue. Future studies should address the factors that affect these issues, while using clinically relevant cell sources and rigorous models of repair.
OFDMA Uplink PAR Reduction via Tone Reservation (2007)

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) has been widely recognized as a promising solution for broadband wireless networks. Unfortunately, in OFDMA uplink scenarios, high peak-to-average power ratios (PARs) dramatically degrade the power efficiency of the mobile users. This turns out to be one of the most critical problems when implementing OFDMA systems. In this paper, we propose efficient PAR reduction schemes based upon tone reservation. We show by simulation that the PAR can be significantly reduced without incurring multiple- access interference and with a very small loss in bandwidth.
Linkage disequilibrium between the FES, D15S127, and BLM loci in Ashkenazi Jews with Bloom syndrome. (1994)

Bloom syndrome (BS) is more common in the Ashkenazi Jewish than in any other population. Approximately 1 in 110 Ashkenazi Jews carries blm, the BS mutation. The locus mutated in BS, BLM, maps to chromosome subband 15q26.1, tightly linked to the proto-oncogene FES. We have investigated the basis for the increased frequency of blm in the Ashkenazim by genotyping polymorphic microsatellite loci tightly linked to BLM in affected and unaffected individuals from Ashkenazi Jewish and non-Ashkenazi populations. A striking association of the C3 allele at FES with blm (delta = .422; p = 5.52 x 10(-7)) and of the 145-bp and 147-bp alleles at D15S127 with blm (delta = .392 and delta = .483, respectively; p = 2.8 x 10(-5) and p = 5.4 x 10(-7), respectively) was detected in Ashkenazi Jews with BS. This linkage disequilibrium constitutes strong support for a founder-effect hypothesis: the chromosome in the hypothetical founder who carried blm also carried the C3 allele at FES and either the 145-bp or the 147-bp allele at D15S127.
Preparation and Characterization of Fullerene (C60) Amino Acid Nanoparticles for Liver Cancer Cell Treatment (2014)

The properties of an ideal photosensitizer are water solubility, low cytotoxicity in the dark, high ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The characteristics of water-soluble fullerene (C60) amino acid nanoparticles as a photosensitizer were evaluated. C60 modified with l-phenylalanine (C60-phe) or glycine (C60-gly) was very efficient to carry out photodynamic activity leading to cleavage of plasmid DNA in vitro. These C60 amino acid nanoparticles were the most active photosensitizer against human Liver cancer cells and induced cancer cells apoptosis after illumination. However, these derivatives exhibited no significant cytotoxicity in dark. It produced diffuse intracellular fluorescence when 2',7'-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA) was added as an ROS probe, suggesting phototoxicity of these derivatives related with the generation of intracellular ROS. These findings indicate that these fullerene derivatives may be excellent candidate PDT enhancing agents.
Synchronized stimulation and continuous insulin sensing in a microfluidic human Islet on a Chip designed for scalable manufacturing (2019)

Pancreatic β cell function is compromised in diabetes and is typically assessed by measuring insulin secretion during glucose stimulation. Traditionally, measurement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion involves manual liquid handling, heterogeneous stimulus delivery, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that require large numbers of islets and processing time. Though microfluidic devices have been developed to address some of these limitations, traditional methods for islet testing remain the most common due to the learning curve for adopting microfluidic devices and the incompatibility of most device materials with large-scale manufacturing. We designed and built a thermoplastic, microfluidic-based Islet on a Chip compatible with commercial fabrication methods, that automates islet loading, stimulation, and insulin sensing. Inspired by the perfusion of native islets by designated arterioles and capillaries, the chip delivers synchronized glucose pulses to islets positioned in parallel channels. By flowing suspensions of human cadaveric islets onto the chip, we confirmed automatic capture of islets. Fluorescent glucose tracking demonstrated that stimulus delivery was synchronized within a two-minute window independent of the presence or size of captured islets. Insulin secretion was continuously sensed by an automated, on-chip immunoassay and quantified by fluorescence anisotropy. By integrating scalable manufacturing materials, on-line, continuous insulin measurement, and precise spatiotemporal stimulation into an easy-to-use design, the Islet on a Chip should accelerate efforts to study and develop effective treatments for diabetes.
MPEG-4 very low bit-rate video compression using sprite coding (2001)

This paper focuses on the “sprite coding” that supports the MPEG-4 Version 1 Main profile in order to transfer “near VHS quality video “ across narrow-band transmission links such as the Internet. Automatic VOP (Video Object Plane) generation technologies are being studied as one of the most important issues of MPEG-4 object coding. This paper proposes a two-layer VOP generation scheme with some core algorithms such as GME (Global Motion Estimation), foreground moving object extraction, and background sprite generation. This paper also describes a shape information reduction method for the foreground object. The foreground object is object-coded in the , while the background sprite is coded using sprite coding in MPEG-4. We call this coding scheme “sprite mode”; MPEG-4 simple profile coding is called “normal mode”. Experiments are conducted on VOP generation and video coding with MPEG-4. We compare sprite mode to normal mode. The coding efficiency of sprite mode is several times higher than that of normal mode at the same objective image quality if the foreground ratio is within 10-15%. Given the target of very low bitrate (128kbps, 64kbp) rate coding, sprite mode achieved almost the same SNR but more than twice the frame rate compared to normal mode.
Electrical transport properties of artificially layered films of [BaCuO2]2/[(Sr,Ca)CuO2]n (1997)

In this letter we show that SrCuO2/BaCuO2 and CaCuO2/BaCuO2 based artificial structures of very good crystallographic quality can be grown by pulsed laser deposition. We demonstrate that the most important parameters which determine the superconductive properties are the chemical composition, the oxygen growth pressure, and the CO2 contamination. A major difference is found in the behavior of resistivity between films containing Sr and Ca, respectively. Namely [BaCuO2]2/[SrCuO2]n films never show any trace of superconductivity, while [BaCuO2]2/[CaCuO2]n films result in having, for growth oxygen pressures PO2⩾0.2 mbar, a full transition with Tc (zero resistance) up to 46 K. Furthermore we demonstrate that even a tiny amount of CO2 in the oxygen growth atmosphere can suppress completely the superconducting properties of these artificial structures.
Polyethylene glycol-conjugated growth hormone-releasing hormone is long acting and stimulates GH in healthy young and elderly subjects (2005)

PEG-GHRH offers the possibility of less frequent dosing compared with GHRH. This possibility deserves further clinical testing.
Sulfur and Zinc Availability from Co-granulated Zn-Enriched Elemental Sulfur Fertilizers (2017)

Acidification by oxidation of elemental sulfur (ES) can solubilize ZnO, providing slow release of both sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn) in soil. For this study, a new granular fertilizer with ES and ZnO was produced and evaluated. The effect of incorporating microorganisms or a carbon source in the granule was also evaluated. Four granulated ES-Zn fertilizers with and without S-oxidizing microorganisms, a commercial ES pastille, ZnSO<sub>4</sub>, and ZnO were applied to the center of Petri dishes containing two contrasting pH soils. Soil pH, CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable S and Zn, and remaining ES were evaluated at 30 and 60 days in two soil sections (0-5 and 5-9 mm from the fertilizer application site). A visualization test was performed to evaluate Zn diffusion over time. A significant pH decrease was observed in the acidic soil for all ES-Zn fertilizer treatments and in the alkaline soil for the Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans-inoculated treatment only. In agreement with Zn visualization tests, extractable-Zn concentrations were higher from the point of application in the acidic (62.9 mg dm<sup>-3</sup>) compared to the alkaline soil (5.5 mg dm<sup>-3</sup>). Elemental S oxidation was greater in the acidic soil (20.9%) than slightly alkaline soil (12%). The ES-Zn granular fertilizers increased S and Zn concentrations in soil and can provide a strategically slow release of nutrients to the soil.
Synthesis and Complexation of Well-Defined Labeled Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)s (PDMAEMA) (2015)

We present the synthesis and characterization of well-defined polycationic copolymers containing thiazole dyes in the side chain. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was used for the copolymerization of 3-azidopropyl methacrylate (AzPMA) and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) of different composition. Thiazole-based alkyne-functionalized dyes (e.g., 5-methyl-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazole, (MPPT)) were afterwards covalently attached using copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) reaching contents of up to 9 mol % dye. Subsequent quaternization of the tertiary nitrogen of DMAEMA with strong methylation agents (e.g., methyl iodide) led to permanently charged polyelectrolytes. The materials were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, as well as NMR- and UV/VIS-spectroscopy. Particular attention is paid to the spectroscopic properties of the dyes in the side chain upon environmental changes such as pH and salinity. We anticipate the application of such precisely functionalized polyelectrolytes as temperature- and pH-responsive sensors in biomedical applications, e.g., within interpolyelectrolyte complexes. Concerning the latter, first complex formation results are demonstrated.
Absence of Vaccine-enhanced Disease With Unexpected Positive Protection Against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by Inactivated Vaccine Given Within 3 Days of Virus Challenge in Syrian Hamster Model (2021)

Vaccination just before or soon after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 does not worsen disease phenotypes and may even ameliorate infection.
High-level power analysis for on-chip networks (2004)

As on-chip networks become prevalent in multiprocessor systems-on-a-chip and multi-core processors, they will be an integral part of the design flow of such systems. With power increasingly the primary constraint in chips, the tool chain in systems design, from simulation infrastructures to compilers and synthesis frameworks, needs to take network power into account, motivating the need for early-stage communication power analysis.While there has been substantial research in network performance analysis that enabled critical insights into network design, no power analysis frameworks for networks exist. In this paper, we propose such a framework that takes as input message flows, and derives a power profile of the network fabric, capturing both the spatial variance across the network fabric as well as the temporal variance across application execution time. Our analysis is based on link utilization as the unit of abstraction for network power, with contention among message flows modeled through propagation of overflow areas in link utilization functions. When validated against Orion, a cycle-accurate network power simulator, we show that relative trends in network power are well-preserved. We then demonstrate potential uses of our analysis framework through three case studies, from speedup of multiprocessor and network simulations, to facilitating power-aware communication synthesis and compiler code placement.
An Infinitely Stiff Very High Precision Actuator (1987)

The Digital Piezo Transducer (DPT) is a piezo-electric actuator incorporating a capacitance micrometer as an integrated position sensor. This internal micrometer has a positional resolution which is much better than a nanometer. The DPT is operated in a closed servo-loop incorporating an almost perfect integrator stage. As a result the DPT is extremely stiff and is capable of sub-nanometer resolution and stability. It has a response time of better than 1 millisecond and a maximum range of 120 um.
Guided modes of Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ channel waveguides: a novel quasi-analytical technique in comparison with the scalar finite-element method (1988)

Two different techniques for the calculation of optical modes of Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ channel waveguides are presented. The first one is an almost analytical technique based on the effective-refractive-index method. The second one is based on the well-known finite-element method. Both approaches use a rather realistic waveguide model considering crystal anisotropy, wavelength dispersion of the refractive index distributions, and also the nonlinear dependence of the ordinary refractive index on the Ti/sup 4+/ concentration. Effective indices and field distributions obtained by both techniques are compared for wavelengths of 0.6 and 1.2 mu m, for both quasi-TE and -TM polarization, considering Y-cut and Z-cut crystal orientation and both isotropic and anisotropic Ti/sup 4+/ diffusion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Substance P and IGF-1 in Corneal Epithelial Barrier Function and Wound Healing in a Rat Model of Neurotrophic Keratopathy (2003)

A rat model of neurotrophic keratopathy, characterized by reduced tear secretion, loss of corneal sensation, impaired epithelial barrier function, and delayed epithelial wound healing, was established by trigeminal denervation. Treatment with both SP and IGF-1 improved corneal epithelial barrier function and stimulated corneal epithelial wound healing in this model.
Molecular Imaging Insights into Neurodegeneration: Focus on α-Synuclein Radiotracers (2014)

Neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the presence of α-synuclein-a hallmark of pathologic inclusions termed Lewy bodies-include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple-system atrophy. Although motor symptoms are related to the altered presynaptic dopaminergic function in these diseases, the appearance of α-synuclein inclusions precedes the involvement of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Hence, the most accurate and earliest definition of premotor Parkinson's disease ought to rely on imaging α-synuclein rather than dopaminergic changes. Moreover, dopaminergic imaging has been controversial in monitoring the effects of investigational disease-modifying drugs. For these clinical trials, intense interest in longitudinally imaging α-synuclein as the primary pathologic process has led to efforts toward developing a suitable radiotracer for this key protein. An overview of the present α-synuclein radiotracer development scenario is presented here.
Effect of Phenolic Antioxidants on Microbial Growth (1985)

Antioxidants belong to a class of compounds used to retard oxidation of chemicals in foods. These compounds, such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, PG, etc. are approved to be used in foods by government agencies. In the past 10 years considerable interest has been directed to the antimicrobial properties of these compounds due to the observations by various scientists that many of these compounds can suppress the growth of viruses, protozoa, bacteria, yeast, and molds and their subsequent production of toxic materials in foods. Thus, the dual purpose usage of these compounds (i.e., antioxidation and antimicrobial) has been the subject of many research papers. This review is designed to summarize major publications on this subject as well as present some detailed studies on the effect of major antioxidants on bacteria and mold generated in the laboratory of the author in recent years.
Digitale Specklemusterinterferometrie zur Messung thermischer Dehnungen bei Metall-Keramik-Verbundbauteilen / Digital speckle pattern interferometry applied to thermal strain measurements of metal - ceramic compounds (1990)

Article Digitale Specklemusterinterferometrie zur Messung thermischer Dehnungen bei Metall-Keramik-Verbundbauteilen / Digital speckle pattern interferometry applied to thermal strain measurements of metal - ceramic compounds was published on December 1, 1990 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 57, issue JG).
Polymeric nanoparticles‐based topical delivery systems for the treatment of dermatological diseases (2013)

Human skin not only functions as a permeation barrier (mainly because of the stratum corneum layer) but also provides a unique delivery pathway for therapeutic and other active agents. These compounds penetrate via intercellular, intracellular, and transappendageal routes, resulting in topical delivery (into skin strata) and transdermal delivery (to subcutaneous tissues and into the systemic circulation). Passive and active permeation enhancement methods have been widely applied to increase the cutaneous penetration. The pathology, pathogenesis, and topical treatment approaches of dermatological diseases, such as psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and skin cancer, are then discussed. Recent literature has demonstrated that nanoparticles-based topical delivery systems can be successful in treating these skin conditions. The studies are reviewed starting with the nanoparticles based on natural polymers especially chitosan, followed by those made of synthetic, degradable (aliphatic polyesters), and nondegradable (polyacrylates) polymers; emphasis is given to nanospheres made of polymers derived from naturally occurring metabolites, the tyrosine-derived nanospheres (TyroSpheres™). In summary, the nanoparticles-based topical delivery systems combine the advantages of both the nanosized drug carriers and the topical approach, and are promising for the treatment of skin diseases. For the perspectives, the penetration of ultra-small nanoparticles (size smaller than 40 nm) into skin strata, the targeted delivery of the encapsulated drugs to hair follicle stem cells, and the combination of nanoparticles and microneedle array technologies for special applications such as vaccine delivery are discussed.
A Non-Reciprocal Surface Acoustic Wave Filter Based on Asymmetrical Delay Lines and Parametric Interactions (2020)

In this work, we demonstrate a novel topology combining the large delays available in acoustic devices with parametric amplification to obtain non-reciprocal propagation of forward and reverse RF signal. The device can operate in a phase-coherent degenerate mode for an optimum gain of 12.7dB and an isolation of 18.3dB. In a degenerate phase incoherent mode, the device is capable of 3.1 dB of gain and 5.2 dB of isolation.
Advanced Coatings through Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering (2004)

Pulsed magnetron sputtering (PMS) has become established as the process of choice for the deposition of dielectric materials for many applications. The process is attractive because it offers stable arc free operating conditions during the deposition of, for example, functional films on architectural and automotive glass, or antireflective/antistatic coatings on displays. Recent studies have shown that pulsing the magnetron discharge also leads to hotter and more energetic plasmas in comparison with continuous dc discharges, with increased ion energy fluxes delivered to the substrate. As such, the PMS process offers benefits in the deposition of a wide range of materials. The present paper describes three examples where PMS has led to either significant enhancement in film properties or enhanced process flexibility: in low friction titanium nitride coatings, in Al doped zinc oxide transparent conductive oxide coatings sputtered directly from powder targets and in thin film photovoltaic devices based on copper (indium/gallium) diselenide. These examples demonstrate the versatility of PMS and open up new opportunities for the production of advanced coatings using this technique. SE/499