gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a new cobalt‐containing nitrile hydratase purified from urea‐induced cells of <i>Rhodococcus rhodochrous</i> J1 (1991)

A new cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase was purified from extracts of urea-induced cells from Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1 in seven steps. At the last step, the enzyme was crystallized by adding ammonium sulfate. Nitrile hydratase was a 500-530-kDa protein composed of two different subunits (alpha subunit 26 kDa, beta subunit 29 kDa). The enzyme contained approximately 11-12 mol cobalt/mol enzyme. A concentrated solution of highly purified nitrile hydratase exhibited a broad absorption spectrum in the visible range, with an absorption maxima at 410 nm. The enzyme had a wide substrate specificity. Aliphatic saturated or unsaturated nitriles as well as aromatic nitriles, were substrates for the enzyme. The optimum pH of the hydratase was pH 6.5-6.8. The enzyme was more stable than ferric nitrile hydratases. The amino-terminal sequence of each subunit of R. rhodochrous J1 enzyme was determined and compared with that of ferric nitrile hydratases. Prominent similarities were observed with the beta subunit. However, the amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit from R. rhodochrous J1 was quite different from that of the ferric enzymes.
Investigation of Rotating Stall Phenomena in Axial Flow Compressors. Volume III. Development of a Rotating Stall Control System (1976)

This report presents the results of a research program that had two major objectives. The first objective was the development of a prototype rotating stall control system which was tested both on a low speed rig and a J- 85-5 engine. The second objective was to perform fundamental studies of the flow mechanisms that produce rotating stall, surge and noise in axial flow compressors and thereby obtain an understanding of these phenomena that would aid attaining the first objective. Volume 3 covers the development and testing of a prototype rotating stall control system on both the low speed test rig and the J-85-5 engine.
Studies on Production of Lipids in Fungi. XVI. (1986)

Determination of the lipid productivity and composition of 33 strains of the genus Mortierella using glucose or decane as the carbon source was carried out. The maximum accumulation of lipids was 2.01g/400ml medium (total intracellular lipids/dry cell weight, 49.7%) in the M. isabellia IFO 8308 strain grown at 20°C using glucose as a carbon source. The lipids extracted from 10 day-cultured cells were fractionated into neutral and polar lipid fractions by silicic acid column chromatography. The fatty acid and lipid compositions of both fractions were determined. The content of γ-linolenic acid (all cis-6, 9, 12-octatrienoic acid) in the M. ramanniana var. angulispora IFO 8187 strain was high under each cultural condition using either glucose or decane as the carbon source.
A 58 nW ECG ASIC With Motion-Tolerant Heartbeat Timing Extraction for Wearable Cardiovascular Monitoring (2014)

An ASIC for wearable cardiovascular monitoring is implemented using a topology that takes advantage of the electrocardiogram's (ECG) waveform to replace the traditional ECG instrumentation amplifier, ADC, and signal processor with a single chip solution. The ASIC can extract heartbeat timings in the presence of baseline drift, muscle artifact, and signal clipping. The circuit can operate with ECGs ranging from the chest location to remote locations where the ECG magnitude is as low as 30 μV. Besides heartbeat detection, a midpoint estimation method can accurately extract the ECG R-wave timing, enabling the calculations of heart rate variability. With 58 nW of power consumption at 0.8 V supply voltage and 0.76 mm (2) of active die area in standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology, the ECG ASIC is sufficiently low power and compact to be suitable for long term and wearable cardiovascular monitoring applications under stringent battery and size constraints.
The Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 63 Latency-Associated Protein Is Critical for Establishment of Latency (2004)

ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) expresses at least six viral transcripts during latency. One of these transcripts, derived from open reading frame 63 (ORF63), is one of the most abundant viral RNAs expressed during latency. The VZV ORF63 protein has been detected in human and experimentally infected rodent ganglia by several laboratories. We have deleted >90% of both copies of the ORF63 gene from the VZV genome. Animals inoculated with the ORF63 mutant virus had lower mean copy numbers of latent VZV genomes in the dorsal root ganglia 5 to 6 weeks after infection than animals inoculated with parental or rescued virus, and the frequency of latently infected animals was significantly lower in animals infected with the ORF63 mutant virus than in animals inoculated with parental or rescued virus. In contrast, the frequency of animals latently infected with viral mutants in other genes that are equally or more impaired for replication in vitro, compared with the ORF63 mutant, is similar to that of animals latently infected with parental VZV. Examination of dorsal root ganglia 3 days after infection showed high levels of VZV DNA in animals infected with either ORF63 mutant or parental virus; however, by days 6 and 10 after infection, the level of viral DNA in animals infected with the ORF63 mutant was significantly lower than that in animals infected with parental virus. Thus, ORF63 is not required for VZV to enter ganglia but is the first VZV gene shown to be critical for establishment of latency. Since the present vaccine can reactivate and cause shingles, a VZV vaccine based on the ORF63 mutant virus might be safer.
A 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard and its applications for voltage metrology (2012)

The concept of a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) was first proposed in 1997. Since then a significant amount of research and development work has been devoted to the fabrication of the programmable Josephson junction array and its deployment in a voltage standard system. This paper reports the recent development of a 10 V PJVS system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and its voltage metrology applications. The superior stability of the voltage step of the new 10 V PJVS enables it to perform the same tasks as the conventional Josephson voltage standard (JVS) that uses hysteretic voltage steps and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a JVS direct comparison. For the first time, a comparison between a conventional JVS and the NIST 10 V PJVS was performed in order to verify the performance of the NIST 10 V PJVS. The mean difference between the two systems at 10 V was found to be −0.49 nV with a combined standard uncertainty of 1.32 nV (k = 1) or a relative combined standard uncertainty of 1.32 parts in 1010. Automatic comparisons between the 10 V PJVS and a 2.5 V PJVS at 1.018 V were performed to monitor the long term accuracy and stability of the 2.5 V PJVS and to support the NIST electronic kilogram experiment. By matching the voltages of the two PJVS systems during a comparison, the type B uncertainty can be minimized to a negligible level. The difference between the two PJVS at 1.018 V was found to be −0.38 nV with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.68 nV (k = 1) or a relative combined standard uncertainty of 6.7 parts in 1010. Issues encountered during the PJVS comparison and potential challenges for 10 V applications are also discussed.
Electrokinetic soil remediation: Advances and process enhancement (1995)

Electrokinetic remediation is an in situ emerging technology that offers potential cost and process benefits for contaminated soil treatment. The innovative approach under development at Lynntech, Inc. is based on the application of nonhomogeneous pulsed DC or AC electric fields with the objective to maximize rates of contaminant removal. The process combines several DC and AC electrokinetic phenomena occurring in soil when pulsed electric fields are applied across the electrodes positioned in the soil and utilize them for an enhanced contaminant removal from soil. Removal of contaminants is achieved by: (i) electroosmotic pore fluid flow; (ii) electromigration of anionic and cationic contaminants towards electrode wells, where they can be removed by electrodeposition, and, (iii) dielectrophoretically induced pore fluid flow and migration of charged and noncharged contaminants through the soil. Successful combination of DC and AC electrokinetic phenomena in soil presents a basis for an enhanced electrokinetic process for removal of both charged and noncharged contaminants from soil. The process utilizes an electrochemically produced acid in the anode well which propagates through the soil and solubilizes heavy metal ions in the pore fluid. An appropriate leachant. which depends on the type of soil and heavy metal contaminant, is electrokinetically delivered andmore » distributed in soil to further enhance solubilization and mobilization of heavy metal contaminants through the soil. It can be efficiently combined with other existing in situ contaminated soil treatment processes, e.g. bioremediation, soil extraction and soil washing. A field scale study is initiated in 1995 and preliminary results will be described.« less
Modified Hammerhead Ribozymes as Potential Therapeutics (1998)

Hammerhead ribozymes were modi.fied in the 2' -position by flouro-, amino-, deoxy-, O-methyl-and methoxyethoxy-groups to stabilize against degradations. They were tested for their ability to cut specifi.::ally oncogenic N-ras RNA in vitro. Exogenous delivery by lipofection as well as viral vector mediated transfection showed comparable results in reducing N-ras mRNA.
Enhanced production of 2,3-butanediol by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae through fine-tuning of pyruvate decarboxylase and NADH oxidase activities (2016)

A massive metabolic shift in the engineered <i>S. cerevisiae</i> (BD5_G1CtPDC1_nox) expressing NADH oxidase was observed, suggesting that redox imbalance was a major bottleneck for efficient production of 2,3-BD by engineered yeast. Maximum 2,3-BD titer in this study was close to the highest among the reported microbial production studies. The results demonstrate that resolving both C<sub>2</sub>-compound limitation and redox imbalance is critical to increase 2,3-BD production in the Pdc-deficient <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. Our strategy to express fine-tuned <i>PDC</i> and <i>noxE</i> could be applicable not only to 2,3-BD production, but also other chemical production systems using Pdc-deficient <i>S. cerevisiae</i>.
Optimized surgical tool for pectus bar extraction (2010)

Surgeons on a daily basis improve or rescue human lives. Therefore, they should be provided with the most optimal tools so their skills are fully utilized. In this paper, we present such an optimized tool for surgeons who employ the Nuss procedure to correct pectus excavatum - a congenital chest wall deformity. The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive procedure that results in the placement of a metal bar inside the chest cavity. The bar is removed after approximately two years. Surgeons have been reporting that the currently available tools for the bar extraction do not provide the most optimal functionality. Therefore, we have proposed an optimized and improved design of the tool for the bar extraction. The improved design tool is further analyzed using finite element techniques. Additionally, we have built a physical prototype to ensure that the new tool to seamlessly integrate with the bar and to further evaluate by the surgeons who routinely practice the Nuss procedure. In order to validate in the future the final design, we have manufactured wax models that will serve as the patterns in the casting process of metal prototypes. They should provide enough strength to withstand stresses present in the bar straightening process.
Telepathology: System Design And Specifications (1987)

Telepathology is a new field of medicine encompassing the practice of pathology at a distance by visualizing an image of tissue and/or cells on a video monitor rather than viewing the specimen directly through a microscope. Essential components of a telepathology system include: 1- a fully motorized microscope equipped with a high resolution video camera at a remote site where the patient is located: 2- a pathologist's workstation that incorporates the controls for manipulating the remote microscope and a high-resolution video monitor at a Physician's Imaging Center (tm) and 3- a communications linkage between the remote site and the Physician's Imaging Center. Such a system has been constructed and its usefulness has been demonstrated using a SBS 3 satellite for video transmission and remote control of the robotic microscope.
Oversampling sigma-delta modulator stabilized by two local nonlinear feedback loop techniques (2002)

The proposed scheme relates to techniques called "local nonlinear feedback loop (LNFL)" and "enhanced-LNFL" for stabilization of oversampling sigma-delta modulators. SDM stabilized by LNFL or enhanced-LNFL techniques avoids the instability limitation without SNR degradation. Besides, both proposed approaches to suppress the signal's swing range can be applied to various configurations of SDMs, such as multiple-loop and single-loop structures, for high stability and low power VLSI applications.
T2 restoration and noise suppression of hybrid MR images using Wiener and linear prediction techniques (1994)

The authors address the problem of enhancing hybrid magnetic resonance (MR) images degraded by T2 effects and additive measurement noise. To reduce imaging time, MR signals are acquired using hybrid imaging (HI) sequences such as rapid acquisition relaxation-enhanced (RARE) and fast spin-echo (FSE). With these techniques, T2 effects act as a distortion filter. This T2 filter affects the signal and results in image spatial resolution and/or contrast loss. Furthermore, the amplitude and phase discontinuities in the T2 filter frequency response function may generate serious ringing artifacts. These distortions will damage image quality and affect object detectability. The authors use the Wiener filter and linear prediction (LP) technique to process HI MR signals in the spatial frequency domain (K-space) and the hybrid domain, respectively. Based on the average amplitude symmetry constraint of the spin echo signal, the amplitude frequency response function of the T2 distortion filter can be estimated and used in the Wiener filter for a global T2 amplitude restoration. Then, the linear prediction technique is utilized to obtain the local signal amplitude and phase estimates around the discontinuities of the frequency response function of the T2 filter. These estimates are used to make local amplitude and phase corrections. The effectiveness of this combined technique in correcting T2 distortion and reducing the measurement noise is analyzed and demonstrated using experiments on both phantoms and human studies.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct, Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Substituted Benzimidazoles and Imidazopyridines. (2011)

Abstract A sequential Pd‐catalyzed amidation—Fe‐mediated reductive aminocyclization of o‐chloronitro(het)arenes with aromatic or aliphatic amides provides an efficient access towards benzimidazole derivatives.
Amplification of the MET receptor to drive resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in colorectal cancer. (2013)

11005 Background: The anti EGFR monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab are used to treat metastatic colorectal cancer patients but their clinical efficacy is limited by the development of acquired resistance. We recently reported that secondary KRAS mutations are responsible for acquired resistance in approximately 50% of the patients who initially respond to cetuximab or panitumumab (Misale et al., Nature 2012; Diaz et al., Nature 2012). Here we studied the molecular bases of relapse in CRC patients who do not develop KRAS mutations during the course of anti-EGFR therapy. Methods: Next generation sequencing was applied to tumor biopsies to identify genetic alterations associated with relapse to cetuximab and panitumumab in mCRC patients. Detection and quantitation of genetic alterations in circulating tumor DNA was used to monitor the occurrence of KRAS mutations and MET amplification in blood samples. Results: Molecular analyses of tumor biopsies from patients who did not develop KRAS mutations during anti-EGFR therapy revealed high level of amplification of the MET proto-oncogene in 3/5 cases. Quantitative PCR, FISH and IHC analysis confirmed high level of MET amplification in the post-therapy samples but not in the matched pre-treatment tissues. We developed a PCR based assay to detect the presence of the MET amplicon in circulating, cell-free, DNA. We found that MET amplification could be detected in the blood as early as 3 months after initiation of anti EGFR therapy. To functionally evaluate the role of MET amplification on resistance to anti EGFR antibody therapies we exploited patient-derived CRC xenografts (‘xenopatients). We found that (2/2) xenopatients established from MET amplified tumors were completely refractory to cetuximab but showed sensitivity to the Met inhibitor crizotinib. Conclusions: Amplification of the MET proto-oncogene is responsible for acquired acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibody therapy in a subset of CRCs. The emergence of MET amplification in circulating, cell-free, DNA may be used to select patients most likely to benefit from anti MET therapies.
Development and Studies of Novel Microfabricated Radiation Hard Scintillation Detectors With High Spatial Resolution (2011)

A new type of scintillation detector is being developed with standard microfabrication techniques. It consists of a dense array of scintillating waveguides obtained by coupling microfluidic channels filled with a liquid scintillator to photodetectors. Easy manipulation of liquid scintillators inside microfluidic devices allow their flushing, renewal, and exchange making the active medium intrinsically radiation hard. Prototype detectors have been fabricated by photostructuration of a radiation hard epoxy resin (SU-8) deposited on silicon wafers and coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier tube (MAPMT) to read-out the scintillation light. They have been characterized by exciting the liquid scintillator in the 200 micrometers thick microchannels with electrons from a <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{90}{\rm Sr}$</tex> </formula> yielding approximately 1 photoelectron per impinging Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP). These promising results demonstrate the concept of microfluidic scintillating detection and are very encouraging for future developments.
Direct detection of carrier ampholytes in immobilized pH gradients using picric acid precipitation (1992)

Abstract A protocol is described for monitoring the heterogeneity of end products of organic syntheses yielding amphoteric molecules containing two or more amino groups. This protocol was found to be a valuable aid in synthesis of carrier ampholytes for specific isoelectric focusing applications. This method does not depend on the ampholytes themselves to dictate the conditions under which they are analyzed. Carrier ampholytes have been found previously to be insoluble in picric acid and the insolubility property was not dependent upon the p I of individual ampholyte species. This insolubility property was exploited in the protocol. Immobilized pH gradients were used to focus the carrier ampholytes. Ampholytes were then visualized in situ by picric acid precipitation. The data shows that the protocol is useful for analyzing the results of chemical manipulations for enhancing the resolution of carrier ampholytes. A direct relationship was shown between carrier ampholyte heterogeneity as demonstrated by this protocol and the resolution of complex protein mixtures in isoelectric focusing gels. Picric acid formed visible precipitates with a variety of organic compounds which contained more than one amino group.
Enhanced Temporal Stability of an NLO Polyurethane via a Two-Dimensional Chromophore (2001)

A new NLO-active polyurethane (Tg = 145°C) based on a two-dimensional NLO chromophore has been investigated. Two ends of this lambda-shaped chromophore can be directly bound to the main chain of polyurethane. After poling, fast relaxation of the effective second harmonic (SH) coefficient was observed at temperatures higher than 122°C. Moreover, excellent temporal stability at 100°C was obtained despite the operating temperature being very close to the fast relaxation temperature. This is due to the fact that embedding the rigid lambda-shaped chromophores into the polymer backbone effectively restricts molecular motion at temperatures close to Tg.
Regulation of β cell glucokinase by S-nitrosylation and association with nitric oxide synthase (2003)

Glucokinase (GK) activity plays a key role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Insulin regulates GK activity by modulating its association with secretory granules, although little is known about the mechanisms involved in regulating this association. Using quantitative imaging of multicolor fluorescent proteins fused to GK, we found that the dynamic association of GK with secretory granules is modulated through nitric oxide (NO). Our results in cultured beta cells show that insulin stimulates NO production and leads to S-nitrosylation of GK. Furthermore, inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) activity blocks insulin-stimulated changes in both GK association with secretory granules and GK conformation. Mutation of cysteine 371 to serine blocks S-nitrosylation of GK and causes GK to remain tightly bound to secretory granules. GK was also found to interact stably with neuronal NOS as detected by coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Finally, attachment of a nuclear localization signal sequence to NOS drives GK to the nucleus in addition to its normal cytoplasmic and granule targeting. Together, these data suggest that the regulation of GK localization and activity in pancreatic beta cells is directly related to NO production and that the association of GK with secretory granules occurs through its interaction with NOS.
High-Resolution Optical Vector Analysis Based on Symmetric Double-Sideband Modulation (2018)

An optical vector analyzer (OVA) based on symmetric optical double-sideband (ODSB) modulation using a phase modulator (PM) and an intensity modulator (IM) is proposed and demonstrated. In the symmetric-ODSB-based OVA, frequency response measurements are implemented by transmitting the phase-modulated and intensity-modulated ODSB signals through an optical device-under-test (DUT), respectively. Then, removing the responses of the two electro-optic modulators and processing the measured responses, accurate frequency responses of the DUT on both sides of the optical carrier are obtained. Comparing with the conventional OVA based on optical single-sideband (OSSB) modulation, the proposed ODSB-based OVA has the doubled measurement range and the simple wavelength-independent configuration. Moreover, the measurement system inherently has large dynamic range and high accuracy, which is difficult to achieve for the OSSB-based OVA due to the restriction of the limited sideband suppression ratio. An experiment for measuring the magnitude and the phase responses of a programmable optical filter is carried out. The responses in a range of 100 GHz are measured with a resolution of 10 MHz by using 50-GHz components.