gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic microshutter arrays (2017)

Based on the Microshutter Array (MSA) subsystems developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Next Generation Microshutter Array (NGMSA) has been developed to be used as multi-object selectors for future telescopes in space applications. Microshutter arrays function as transmission devices. Selected shutters fully open 90 degrees permitting incoming light to go through, while the rest of shutters remain closed. The programmable microshutters open and close making the device perform as a multi object selector that can be used on space telescopes. Utilizing a multi object selector, the telescope efficiency can be increased to 100 times or more. Like JWST MSAs, NGMSA features torsion hinges, light shields, front and back electrodes for shutter actuation, latch, and closing. The difference is that JWST MSA utilized magnetic actuation while NGMSA uses electrostatic actuation.
Computation-Ready, Experimental Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Tool To Enable High-Throughput Screening of Nanoporous Crystals (2014)

Experimentally refined crystal structures for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) often include solvent molecules and partially occupied or disordered atoms. This creates a major impediment to applying high-throughput computational screening to MOFs. To address this problem, we have constructed a database of MOF structures that are derived from experimental data but are immediately suitable for molecular simulations. The computation-ready, experimental (CoRE) MOF database contains over 4700 porous structures with publically available atomic coordinates. Important physical and chemical properties including the surface area and pore dimensions are reported for these structures. To demonstrate the utility of the database, we performed grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations of methane adsorption on all structures in the CoRE MOF database. We investigated the structural properties of the CoRE MOFs that govern methane storage capacity and found that these relationships agree well with those derived recently from a large database of hypothetical MOFs.
Antibiotic Resistance: Photo‐Disassembly of Membrane Microdomains Revives Conventional Antibiotics against MRSA (Adv. Sci. 6/2020) (2020)

In article number 1903117, Ji-Xin Cheng and co-workers report an endogenous chromophore-based phototherapy platform to combat antibiotic-resistance Staphylococcus aureus infections. Functional membrane microdomains of Staphylococcus aureus are catastrophically disrupted via photochemical decomposition of membrane-bound carotenoid pigment, staphyloxanthin, thus reviving a broad spectrum of conventional antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus.
Dynamic Organization of Inorganic Nanoparticles into Periodic Micrometer‐Scale Patterns (2003)

Reading between the lines: Films of manganese oxide nanoparticles can be prepared from immersion into a colloidal solution of tetramethylammonium manganese oxide, followed by solvent evaporation. The resultant films exhibit a series of parallel lines (see picture), which themselves are comprised of many smaller lines. Ion-exchange processes with potassium ions can be accomplished without a loss of structural integrity.
A 3$\,\times\,$3.8 Gb/s Four-Wire High Speed I/O Link Based on CDMA-Like Crosstalk Cancellation (2010)

Code division multiple access (CDMA) principles have been shown to suppress the signal crosstalk caused by inevitable circuit and transmission-line mismatches in a four-wire chip-to-chip electrical signaling system. This paper describes the CDMA-like crosstalk cancellation technique, and discusses equalization and clocking issues in the four-wire simultaneous differential- and common-mode signaling system based on the technique. The implementation and measurement of a 3 × 3.8 Gb/s, 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> BER, prototype IC built in a standard 90 nm CMOS technology are also described as a proof of concept.
Suspended Membrane Single Crystal Silicon Micro Hotplate for Differential Scanning Calorimetry (2009)

This paper introduces an array of single crystal silicon micro hotplates for differential scanning calorimetry. Based on heat transfer analysis considering tradeoffs between response time, temperature uniformity, and measurement sensitivity, suspended membrane micro hotplates with full backside release were found to be optimal designs. Due to the requirements of routine sample loading, the size of the heater is 100 or 200 μm while the size of the backside membrane cavity is 400 μm. Our design achieves a combination of time constant, temperature sensitivity, and heating efficiency that are comparable or superior to previously reported microcalorimeters.
α-Conotoxin GIC from Conus geographus, a Novel Peptide Antagonist of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2002)

Many venomous organisms produce toxins that disrupt neuromuscular communication to paralyze their prey. One common class of such toxins comprises nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists (nAChRs). Thus, most toxins that act on nAChRs are targeted to the neuromuscular subtype. The toxin characterized in this report, alpha-conotoxin GIC, is a most striking exception. The 16-amino acid peptide was identified from a genomic DNA clone from Conus geographus. The predicted mature toxin was synthesized, and synthetic toxin was used in all studies described. alpha-Conotoxin GIC shows no paralytic activity in fish or mice. Furthermore, even at concentrations up to 100 microm, the peptide has no detectable effect on the human muscle nicotinic receptor subtype heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In contrast, the toxin has high affinity (IC(50) approximately 1.1 nm) for the human alpha3beta2 subunit combination, making it the most neuronally selective nicotinic antagonist characterized thus far. Although alpha-conotoxin GIC shares some sequence similarity with alpha-conotoxin MII, which is also a potent alpha3beta2 nicotinic antagonist, it is much less hydrophobic, and the kinetics of channel block are substantially different. It is noteworthy that the nicotinic ligands in C. geographus venom fit an emerging pattern in venomous predators, with one nicotinic antagonist targeted to the muscle subtype (thereby causing paralysis) and a second nicotinic antagonist targeted to the alpha3beta2 nAChR subtype (possibly inhibiting the fight-or-flight response).
Use of Si+ pre-ion-implantation on Si substrate to enhance the strain relaxation of the GexSi1−x metamorphic buffer layer for the growth of Ge layer on Si substrate (2007)

Si + pre-ion-implantation combined with a GexSi1−x metamorphic buffer structure for the growth of Ge layer on Si substrate is proposed. Enhanced strain relaxation of the GexSi1−x metamorphic buffer layer on Si substrate was achieved due to the introduction of the point defects by heavy dose Si+ pre-ion-implantation. Because of the strain relaxation enhancement and the interface blocking of the dislocations in the GexSi1−x metamorphic buffer structure, the total thickness of the buffer layers was only 0.45μm. No cross-hatch pattern was observed on the Ge surface and the dislocation density for the top Ge film was only 7.6×106cm−2.
Cyclobutane-1,3-Diacid (CBDA): A Semi-Rigid Building Block Prepared by [2+2] Photocyclization for Polymeric Materials (2017)

A previously overlooked building block, cyclobutane-1,3-diacid (CBDA), is introduced to materials synthesis due to its great potentials. As an example of CBDA, α-truxillic acid or 2,4-diphenylcyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, was readily synthesized from commercially available trans-cinnamic acid. This CBDA showed outstanding stability both in sunlight and upon heating. While its two carboxylic acid groups can be readily utilized in connecting with other molecules to form new materials, the cyclobutane ring was able to tolerate acid and base treatments showing good chemical stability. A series of cyclobutane-containing polymers (CBPs), namely poly-α-truxillates, were obtained by condensation between α-truxillic acid and diols including ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-petanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol. The structures of these poly-α-truxillates were analyzed by NMR, FT-IR, and HRMS. Powder X-ray diffraction results of the poly-α-truxillates indicated that they are semi-crystalline materials. Preliminary thermal, chemical, and photochemical tests showed that the poly-α-truxillates exhibited comparable stabilities to PET.
Identification and characterization of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> antigens in urine of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis: an innovative and alternative approach of antigen discovery of useful microbial molecules (2008)

Despite the clear need to control tuberculosis, the diagnosis and prevention of this serious disease are poorly developed and have remained fundamentally unchanged for more than 50 years. Here, we introduce an innovative approach to directly identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens produced in vivo in humans with tuberculosis. We combined reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry and categorize four distinct M. tuberculosis proteins produced presumably in lung lesions and excreted in the urine of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The genes (MT_1721, MT_1694, MT_2462 and MT_3444) coding for these proteins were cloned and the recombinant molecules were produced in Escherichia coli. The proteins were recognized by immunoglobulin G antibodies from tuberculosis patients but not from non-diseased subjects. In addition, the recombinant proteins were recognized strongly by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy purified protein derivative of tuberculin-positive individuals and to a lesser extent from patients with tuberculosis. These molecules are the only proteins reported to date that are derived directly from bodily fluids of tuberculosis patients, therefore are interesting candidate antigens for the development of vaccine and/or antigen detection assay for accurate diagnosis of active tuberculosis.
Accurate, noninvasive measurement of total hemoglobin concentration with optoacoustic technique (2005)

The measurement of total hemoglobin concentration is currently invasive and time consuming. The optoacoustic technique may provide accurate and noninvasive measurements of total hemoglobin concentration by probing blood vessels. We studied the influence of blood vessel diameter and lateral displacement of the optoacoustic probe on accuracy of total hemoglobin concentration measurements with this technique.
Assessment of major and minor groove DNA interactions by the zinc fingers of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (1996)

Zinc finger proteins of the Cys2His2 class are DNA sequence-specific transcription factors. Previous structural studies of zinc finger protein-DNA complexes have shown that amino acids in the finger tip and alpha-helix regions within individual finger domains make base-specific contacts with the major groove of DNA. The nine finger protein transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) from Xenopus oocytes binds a 43 base pair region of the 5S RNA gene through major groove interactions with two sets of three fingers (fingers 1-3 and 7-9) and with finger 5. Previous studies have suggested that zinc fingers 4 and 6 each bind in or across the minor groove to bridge these major groove-binding zinc fingers. Here it is shown that a polypeptide containing zinc fingers 1-5 (zf1-5) binds oligonucleotides with modifications in the major groove of the finger 4 binding site with wild-type affinity. Mutagenesis and binding site selection studies were performed to determine whether high affinity DNA binding by zf1-5 requires a particular sequence in the binding site for finger 4. Several mutations in this region of the 5S gene reduced the DNA-binding affinity of zf1-5; however, selection and amplification binding assays did not recover the wild-type finger 4 binding site sequence from a pool of mixed sequence oligonucleotides. Rather, a purine-rich sequence on the top strand was highly selected within the finger 4 binding site. We suggest that high affinity DNA binding by zinc finger 4 may be dictated by a sequence-specific DNA structure rather than by a unique DNA sequence. Deletion of finger 4 from zf1-5 results in a protein with poor binding affinity, demonstrating the importance of finger 4 in proper alignment of neighboring fingers with the DNA, and/or the importance of correct protein-protein interactions between fingers.
Neural network detection and identification of electronic devices based on their unintended emissions (2006)

Electromagnetic emissions were measured from several radio receivers to demonstrate the possibility of detecting and identifying these devices based on their unintended emissions. Radiated fields from the different radio receivers have unique characteristics that can be used to identify these devices by analyzing time-frequency plots of measured radiation. A neural network was also developed for automated device detection.
Production of <scp>L</scp>-Tryptophan by Sulfonamide-resistant Mutants (1984)

Sulfaguanidine-resistant mutant S-225, derived from a tryptophan-producing 5-fluoro-tryptophan-resistant mutant of Brevibacterium flavum, accumulated 19 g/liter of L-tryptophan at maximum when cultured for 72 hr in a medium containing 13% glucose as carbon source, 1.8-fold higher than did the parent. Strain S-225 accumulated 17 g/liter of L-tryptophan in a medium containing 10% sucrose as carbon source (17% yield based on the sugar). It also accumulated 450 mg/liter of chorismate, an intermediate common to the biosyntheses of tryptophan and p-aminobenzoate. The accumulation was 1.7-fold higher than that by the parent, suggesting that the intracellular concentration of chorismate was increased through acquisition of the sulfaguanidine resistance. Sulfaguanidine-resistant mutants were also derived from a tryptophan-producing mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum. The mutants showed 2.2-fold higher maximum tryptophan production than did the parent.
Photoresist-based resonator antenna array (2011)

Photoresist-based polymer-ceramic composites are proposed for single exposure, direct deep X-ray lithography fabrication of dielectric resonator antenna arrays in thick layers. DRA elements based on fabrication in a 2.3 mm thick SU-8/alumina microcomposite layer are combined in a 3×3 antenna array to demonstrate an increase in gain from 5.5 to 13.6 dB at 23 GHz. A second ground plane can be used to reduce backward radiation in the slot-coupled elements by almost 6 dB. An array structure fabricated in 2.3 mm thick SU-8 using deep XRL demonstrates the concept. Thin photoresist connections between array elements could be advantageous for batch fabricating a complicated array directly as a single structure.
Traffic grooming and power level tuning for physical impairment constrained routing (2008)

In both, metropolitan optical networks (MON) and long haul optical networks (LHON) the signal quality is often influenced by the physical impairments, therefore proper impairment constrained routing decisions are needed. In this paper we propose two new approaches that jointly perform, on the one hand, routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) and, on the other hand, either tuning the signal power of certain wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels or grooming the traffic of some WDM channels in nodes that are grooming capable. We evaluate the proposed optimization methods for both, single and multilayer networks. In the first case we assume that no signal regeneration is allowed along the path, only re-amplification, while in the more complex two-layer case we assume grooming in the electronic layer that implicitly performs 3R signal regeneration and wavelength conversion as well.
A Regioselective Cycloaddition Route to Pyrazoles (2006)

A regioselective synthesis of substituted pyrazoles by the reaction of N-monosubstituted hydrazones with nitroolefins is described. The reaction proceeds by a stereoselective [3+2] cycloaddition to a pyrazolidine intermediate which, upon exposure to air, undergoes aromatization to the pyrazole. Evidence for this mechanism has been obtained by a React-NMR study. The reaction occurs under mild conditions and tolerates both alkyl and aryl groups in the hydrazone component. The scope and limitations of the reaction have not been sufficiently explored. Pyrazole motifs are important core structures in numerous biologically active compounds, e.g. commercial drugs such as Celebrex (T. D. Penning et al. J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 1347-1365) and Viagra (N. K. Terrett, A. S. Bell, D. Brown, P. Ellis Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1996, 6, 1819-1824) (see also review below).
Multimodal Retinal Imager (2010)

We present a multimodal retinal imaging system that combines AO-corrected scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, swept source Fourier domain optical coherence tomography, wide field line scanning ophthalmoscopy, and retinal tracking in a single compact clinical prototype platform.
Antibacterial Activity of a Series of <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>N</i><sup>4</sup>-Disubstituted Quinazoline-2,4-diamines (2014)

A series of N(2),N(4)-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines has been synthesized and tested against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A structure-activity and structure-property relationship study was conducted to identify new hit compounds. This study led to the identification of N(2),N(4)-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the low micromolar range in addition to favorable physicochemical properties. Testing of biological activity revealed limited potential for resistance to these agents, low toxicity, and highly effective in vivo activity, even with low dosing regimens. Collectively, these characteristics make this compound series a suitable platform for future development of antibacterial agents.
Epitope scanning reveals gain and loss of strain specific antibody binding epitopes associated with the conversion of normal cellular prion to scrapie prion (2004)

We used anti-prion (PrP) monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) in different combinations to scan changes in the availability of antibody binding epitopes--using an epitope scanning assay--in brain homogenates from normal mice, and from mice infected with either ME7 or 139 A strains of infectious scrapie prion (PrPSc). In ME7-infected brains, the epitope detected by the Mab pair 8B4/8H4 is reduced, while the epitope detected by the Mab pair 8F9/11G5 is increased. Mab 8F9/11G5 detect a conformational epitope on PrPSc because the rise in Mab 8F9/11G5 binding is sensitive to a denaturing agent but resistant to proteinase K (PK). While the increase in Mab 8F9/11G5 binding correlates with the presence of PK-resistant PrP and clinical signs of infection, the reduction in Mab 8B4/8H4 binding is detected earlier. Fractionation of the ME7-infected brain homogenate in sucrose gradient revealed that the PrPSc species detected by the epitope scanning assay are heterogeneous in size, with a molecular mass of approximately > or = 2000-kDa. We also investigated whether these findings were applicable to two other strains of PrPSc, namely 87 V and 22 L. We found that the decrease in Mab 8B4/8H4 binding detected in ME7-infected brains was also detected in 87 V-infected brains but not in 22 L-infected brains. In contrast, the increase in Mab 8F9/11G5 binding detected in ME7- and 139 A-infected brains was also detected in 22 L-infected brains but not in 87 V-infected brains. Therefore, each prion strain has its unique conformation, and we can monitor the conversion of normal cellular prion (PrPC) to PrPSc based on the changes in the antibody binding patterns. The epitope can be decreased or increased, linear or conformational, detected late or early during infection, in a strain specific manner.
VRAPS: Visual Rhythm-based Audio Playback System (2010)

VRAPS (Visual Rhythm-based Audio Playback System) is an interactive multimedia application that uses a novel visual rhythm detection technique to allow a user to control the playback speed of an audio signal by moving in front of a video camera. As traditionally defined in the context of music, a beat represents a distinctive musical event such as the hitting of a drum or the start of a new melodic note. Similarly, we define a visual beat to indicate distinctive visual events such as rhythmic gestures and dance motions. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically detecting visual beats and tempo from a video signal. As a demonstration of this technique, we present an interactive, real-time audio playback system that continuously adjusts the playback speed of an audio signal based on the visual rhythm detected from a real-time video capture device.
Compact handheld low-cost biosensor platform for remote health monitoring (2016)

In this paper, we present an original concept of plasmonic-related instrumentation platform dedicated to diagnostic biosensing tests out of the laboratory. The developed instrumental platform includes both disposable one-use microfluidic affinity biochip and compact optical readout device for biochip monitoring involving mobile Internet devices for data processing and communication. The biochip includes both microfluidic and optical coupling structures formed into a single plastic slab. The microfluidic path of the biochip operates in passive capillary pumping mode. In the proof-of-concept prototype, we address specifically the sensing format involving Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon. The biochip is plugged in the readout device without the use of an index matching fluid. An essential advantage of the developed biochip is that its implementation involves conventional hot embossing and thin film deposition process, perfectly suited for mass production of low-cost microfluidic biochip for biochemical applications.
Enhanced novel fiber-optic sensor for efficient fluorescence collection (2012)

In this article the enhancement of the novel fiber-optic fluorescent sensor is demonstrated. The novel sensor that was developed by our group is based on the collection of the fluorescence from the sidewall of the multimode optical fiber which is partly de-cladded and covered by the sample under the test (SUT). The most part of the fluorescent intensity is carried by the leaky rays which are inaccessible in traditional evanescent-wave fluorescence fiber sensors. In our previous structure, some part of a refracting power is collected in the de-cladded segment and used to excite the lower order lossless modes in the cladded part by an end-face mode-mixer. In the enhanced type of our sensor we discovered that the mode-mixer on the side-wall, rather than on the end-face, is more efficient. The fluorescence efficiency increased in this type of enhanced sensor by about 88%. Moreover, the capability of multiplexing of the different SUT on one fiber is a promising advantage of this architecture with a view to develop the multi-channel chemical detection system with inexpensive simple fiber-optic.