gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chitin-like Polysaccharides in Alzheimers Disease Brains (2005)

The role of polysaccharides in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) is unclear. However, in light of studies indicating impaired glucose utilization in AD and increased activation of the hexosamine pathway that is seen with hyperglycemia, in the brains of patients with AD, aberrantly high levels of glucosamine may result in synthesis of glucosamine polymers such as chitin, a highly insoluble polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine, linearized by beta1-4 linkages. To examine this further, we studied brain tissue at autopsy from subjects with sporadic and familial AD using calcofluor histochemistry. Calcofluor excites on exposure to ultraviolet light and exhibits a high affinity for chitin in vivo by interacting with beta1-4 linkages. Amyloid plaques and blood vessels affected by amyloid angiopathy showed bright fluorescence. Moreover, treatment with chitinase, followed by beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase showed a decrease in calcofluor fluorescence. Since chitin is a highly insoluble molecule and a substrate for glycan-protein interactions, chitin-like polysaccharides within the brain could facilitate nucleation of amyloid proteins in various amyloidoses including AD.
Invisible feet under the vehicle (2012)

When we drive a car, we have many blind spots. The information from the outside is almost limited to vision and sound. We have a vision that the driver and the car unified and moves as one[1] to face the problem of the gap of the information between the outside of the car and inside. We call the unity of driver and the car Homunculus which makes communication with the outside of the vehicle.
Predicting the Learner's Emotional Reaction towards the Tutor's Intervention (2007)

The tutor tries, by using feedbacks, to keep the learner's attention and to increase his motivation and then his performance. However, the effectiveness of the tutor's feedbacks on the learner varies from one learner to another. It depends essentially on the learner's traits and it is reflected in the learner's emotional reaction. Consequently, it is important to detect the learner's emotional reaction following the tutor's intervention in order to personalize the feedback type. Our proposal consists of a methodology, based on machine learning technique, able to predict the learner's emotional reaction starting from the analysis of descriptive variables of the learner's current situation, such as: personality, motivation and tutor's feedback type.
Envelope glycoproteins from biologically diverse isolates of immunodeficiency viruses have widely different affinities for CD4. (1991)

The envelope glycoprotein gp120 of primate immunodeficiency viruses initiates viral attachment to CD4+ cells by binding to the CD4 antigen on host cell surfaces. However, among different CD4+ cell types, different viruses display distinct host cell ranges and cytopathicities. Determinants for both of these biological properties have been mapped to the env gene. We have quantitatively compared the CD4 binding affinities of gp120 proteins from viruses exhibiting different host cell tropisms and cytopathicities. The viral proteins were produced by using a Drosophila cell expression system and were purified to greater than 90% homogeneity. Drosophila-produced gp120 from T-cell tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) BH10 exhibits binding to soluble recombinant CD4 (sCD4) and syncytia inhibition potency identical to that of pure authentic viral gp120. Relative to the affinity of HIV-1 BH10 gp120 for sCD4, that of dual tropic HIV-1 Ba-L is 6-fold lower, that of restricted T-cell tropic simian immunodeficiency virus mac is 70-fold lower, and that of noncytopathic HIV-2 ST is greater than 280-fold lower. Thus, viruses that utilize CD4 for infection do so by using a remarkably wide range of envelope affinities. These differences in affinity may play a role in determining cell tropism and cytopathicity.
Fizeau-interferometry fringe tracking solutions for giant segmented telescope petal modes (2022)

General purpose adaptive optics are poorly suited to handling wavefront modes that naturally occur or are amplified by discontinuities introduced by the telescope and its surrounding structure. This limitation, whose devastating effects were revealed by extreme adaptive optics fed high-contrast imaging instruments experiencing low wind effect conditions, is expected to be even more severe for the next generation of giant segmented telescopes (GST) that generally feature numerous stronger discontinuities. Another astrophysical high-angular resolution tool, long baseline optical interferometry, is regularly tackling this problem and is perfectly able to co-phase an array, with sub-precision, even in the presence of large initial piston excursions. One way to solve for the so-called petal-mode problem is to interferometric solutions to the GST scenario. One approach is to use a sparse aperture mask (SAM) in a plane conjugated with the pupil of the telescope and exploit the information present in the resulting Fizeau interferograms. Traditionally, SAM are used for astrophysical purposes, and are therefore part of instruments: the masks are non-redundant (see Deo et al, this conference), which optimizes the Fourier sampling but is not optimized for metrology. This paper introduces a partially redundant mask design that provides better sensitivity to the petal modes, shows how to go from interferograms to a full description of the petal modes using simulations, and looks at how to implement this solution as part of the telescope, possibly even ahead of the adaptive optics, using the European ELT as a study case.
Effects of bioactive substances in milk on mineral and trace element metabolism with special reference to casein phosphopeptides (2000)

Bioactivity of phosphopeptides yielded after tryptic hydrolysis of casein (CPP) was reported more than 50 years ago when CPP were found to improve calcium balance in rachitic newborns. Several investigations have been carried out to study the effects of CPP mainly on calcium metabolism but also on other minerals like iron and zinc. Most of the experiments were in vitro studies or short-term experiments like the effects of CPP after single meals or their effect on mineral disappearance from intestinal everted sac or ligated loop. Investigations on calcium balance were also mainly short term, i.e. 3-4 weeks, and mainly done in rats. A few experiments have been carried out in minipigs, an animal model that is closer to the human than the rat. Studies in human were rare and short term. To date a variety of other peptides have been isolated after enzymatic hydrolysis, and some have been investigated for bioactivity, with equivocal findings. Bioactivity of phosphopeptides seemed to be more obvious when investigations were done in vitro or short term. Results were less clear in metabolic balance studies, especially under physiological conditions. The composition of the basal diet, i.e. content of calcium and phytate, or the protein source had a significant impact on the effect of phosphopeptides. It was concluded that phosphopeptides revealed positive effects on mineral solubility and absorbability, and bone mineralisation under certain experimental conditions. Accordingly they could have a beneficial effect on bone health for some groups of the population.
A Multiscale Mixed Finite-Element Solver for Three-Phase Black-Oil Flow (2009)

Abstract Previous research has shown that multiscale methods are robust and capable of providing more accurate solutions than traditional upscaling methods. Multiscale methods solve the pressure equation on a coarse grid, but capture the effects from fine-scale heterogeneities through basis functions computed numerically from local single-phase problems on the underlying geocellular grid. Published results have so far been limited to simple Cartesian grids and/or incompressible flow. Here, we present a multiscale mixed finite-element method for three-phase black-oil flow on geomodels with industry-standard complexity. In particular, we discuss which effects can be incorporated in the multiscale basis functions and which effects should be modeled only on the coarsened simulation grid. Moreover, we describe how to handle degenerate hexahedral cells and non-matching interfaces that occur across faults. Finally, we present results of flow simulations on models of industry-standard complexity and demonstrate how multiscale methods can be used to simulate three-phase black-oil flow directly on high-resolution geomodels. The multiscale methods presented herein enable varying resolution and provide a systematic procedure for coarsening or refining the simulation model.
Rotaviral antibodies in the treatment of acute rotaviral gastroenteritis (1998)

The efficacy of hyperimmune bovine colostrum received from cows immunized with simian rotavirus SA11 in the treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis was compared in a randomized double-blind trial to colostrum and ordinary milk preparations. One hundred and thirty-five children aged 6–30 months with rotaviral gastroenteritis received either hyperimmune bovine colostrum (n= 42), ordinary colostrum (n= 42) or milk (n= 41) as a 100 ml solution four times/d for 4 d. Even though the differences were in favour of hyperimmune bovine colostrum in all the variables evaluated [greater weight gain (403 vs 343 g), shorter duration of diarrhoea (3.1 vs 3.6 d), fewer stools during 6 d (11.5 vs 13.6) and fewer stools during the first 3 d (9.3 vs 11.3)], all the differences were statistically insignificant. Differences of this size are clinically unimportant in well-nourished immunocompetent children, but we suggest that the hyperimmune bovine colostrum tested in our trial had some effects in the treatment of acute rotaviral gastroenteritis and should be evaluated further.
Squalene and its potential clinical uses. (1999)

Squalene, an isoprenoid compound structurally similar to beta-carotene, is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of cholesterol. In humans, about 60 percent of dietary squalene is absorbed. It is transported in serum generally in association with very low density lipoproteins and is distributed ubiquitously in human tissues, with the greatest concentration in the skin, where it is one of the major components of skin surface lipids. Squalene is not very susceptible to peroxidation and appears to function in the skin as a quencher of singlet oxygen, protecting human skin surface from lipid peroxidation due to exposure to UV and other sources of ionizing radiation. Supplementation of squalene to mice has resulted in marked increases in cellular and non-specific immune functions in a dose-dependent manner. Squalene may also act as a "sink" for highly lipophilic xenobiotics. Since it is a nonpolar substance, it has a higher affinity for un-ionized drugs. In animals, supplementation of the diet with squalene can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In humans, squalene might be a useful addition to potentiate the effects of some cholesterol-lowering drugs. The primary therapeutic use of squalene currently is as an adjunctive therapy in a variety of cancers. Although epidemiological, experimental and animal evidence suggests anti-cancer properties, to date no human trials have been conducted to verify the role this nutrient might have in cancer therapy regimens.
The participation process of PEAK program for collegiate Taekwondo athletes: A grounded theory approach (2021)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the process of participation in the PEAK program of collegiate athletes based on grounded theory. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 athletes from Y University who were registered in Korea Taekwondo Association. The collected data were analyzed by using the open coding, axis coding, and selective coding of the grounded theory, completed the paradigm model among the extracted concepts, and extracted the core categories through the story outline. Results As the result of data analysis, 'participating in the PEAK program' was found as the central phenomenon, and the causal situation was 'bad attitude in class' and 'helpless daily life'. The contextual conditions were 'recognition of the need for class participation and dual career' and 'motivation to participate in the program', and the intervening conditions were 'factors that hinder participation in the program' and 'factors that help program participation'. The action/interaction strategies were ‘caring climate’ and ‘promoting transfer’, and depending on the consequence, ‘learning attitude change’ and ‘life skill change’ appeared. Conclusion Participants improved their learning attitude through the PEAK program and confirmed the possibility of life skills transfer. It is hoped that this study can lead to implementation of various studies and discussions about life skills and transfer.
Emotional Intelligence among Boys and Girls (2013)

This study was an attempt to know the level of Emotional Intelligence among boys and girls. The data was collected on l80 subjects. ANOVA was used where 2 1evels (Boys and G1rls) were matched. Emotional Intelligence Scale was administered individually on all the subjects. Finding revealed that boys and girls differed significantly on Total Emotional Intelligence and its dimension namely Self Awareness, Self Motivation, Emotional Stability, Self Development, Value Orientation and Commitment from each other.
Screening of Diatom Strains and Characterization of Cyclotella cryptica as A Potential Fucoxanthin Producer (2016)

Fucoxanthin has been receiving ever-increasing interest due to its broad health beneficial effects. Currently, seaweeds are the predominant source of natural fucoxanthin. However, the disappointingly low fucoxanthin content has impeded their use, driving the exploration of alternative fucoxanthin producers. In the present study, thirteen diatom strains were evaluated with respect to growth and fucoxanthin production potential. Cyclotella cryptica (CCMP 333), which grew well for fucoxanthin production under both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions, was selected for further investigation. The supply of nitrate and light individually or in combination were all found to promote growth and fucoxanthin accumulation. When transferring heterotrophic cultures to light, fucoxanthin responded differentially to light intensities and was impaired by higher light intensity with a concomitant increase in diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin, indicative of the modulation of Diadinoxanthin Cycle to cope with the light stress. Taken together, we, for the first time, performed the screening of diatom strains for fucoxanthin production potential and investigated in detail the effect of nutritional and environmental factors on C. cryptica growth and fucoxanthin accumulation. These results provide valuable implications into future engineering of C. cryptica culture parameters for improved fucoxanthin production and C. cryptica may emerge as a promising microalgal source of fucoxanthin.
Immunology in clinic review series; focus on autoinflammatory diseases: role of inflammasomes in autoinflammatory syndromes (2011)

Autoinflammatory syndromes are disorders characterized by the hyperactivation of the innate immune system in the absence of microbial infection or autoantibody production. Some autoinflammatory syndromes are associated with recurrent episodes of fever and systemic inflammation that are caused by dysregulated activation of inflammasomes, molecular platforms responsible for the activation of caspase-1 and the production of interleukin (IL)-1β. In this review we will discuss the role of IL-1β and the inflammasomes in host defence and how mutations of two genes, NLRP3 and PYRIN, leads to the autoinflammatory syndromes, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Both CAPS and FMF are characterized by increased inflammasome activity and overproduction of IL-1β which is ultimately responsible for disease manifestations. Importantly, understanding the molecular mechanisms of these syndromes has led to effective treatment for these rare diseases with biological drugs that target IL-1β-mediated signalling.
Thiolates Chemically Induce Redox Activation of BTZ043 and Related Potent Nitroaromatic Anti-Tuberculosis Agents (2013)

The development of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) forms of tuberculosis (TB) has stimulated research efforts globally to expand the new drug pipeline. Nitroaromatic compounds, including 1,3-benzothiazin-4-ones (BTZs) and related agents, are a promising new class for the treatment of TB. Research has shown that the nitroso intermediates of BTZs that are generated in vivo cause suicide inhibition of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2' oxidase (DprE1), which is responsible for cell wall arabinogalactan biosynthesis. We have designed and synthesized novel anti-TB agents inspired from BTZs and other nitroaromatic compounds. Computational studies indicated that the unsubstituted aromatic carbons of BTZ043 and related nitroaromatic compounds are the most electron-deficient and might be prone to nucleophilic attack. Our chemical studies on BTZ043 and the additional nitroaromatic compounds synthesized by us and others confirmed the postulated reactivity. The results indicate that nucleophiles such as thiolates, cyanide, and hydride induce nonenzymatic reduction of the nitro groups present in these compounds to the corresponding nitroso intermediates by addition at the unsubstituted electron-deficient aromatic carbon present in these compounds. Furthermore, we demonstrate here that these compounds are good candidates for the classical von Richter reaction. These chemical studies offer an alternate hypothesis for the mechanism of action of nitroaromatic anti-TB agents, in that the cysteine thiol(ate) or a hydride source at the active site of DprE1 may trigger the reduction of the nitro groups in a manner similar to the von Richter reaction to the nitroso intermediates, to initiate the inhibition of DprE1.
An Integrated Approach to Fall Detection and Fall Risk Estimation Based on RGB-Depth and Inertial Sensors (2016)

Population ageing is a growing phenomenon, especially in Europe, so researchers are developing Active and Assisted Living solutions to promote ageing in place of elderly people. One of the most critical issues is represented by falls, and the development of fall risk estimation and fall detection tools can increase safety of elderly. The aim of this work is to develop fall risk estimation and fall detection tools using data extracted from wearable and vision-based sensors. First, the synchronization issue between heterogeneous data captured by different sensors is addressed, and a straightforward synchronization procedure based on time delays affecting the samples is provided. Then, fall detection algorithms and a fall risk estimation tool based on Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, exploiting wearable Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and an RGB-Depth sensor (Microsoft Kinect) are proposed. The fall detection tool is evaluated on 11 healthy adults simulating 4 different falls and performing 4 activities of daily living, while the TUG is tested on 20 healthy subjects. Encouraging preliminary results are obtained with data acquired in laboratory environment. The tools are privacy preserving since only depth and skeleton information captured by Kinect are processed.
Pt nanoparticles on tin oxide based support as a beneficial catalyst for oxygen reduction in alkaline solutions (2015)

High stability Pt catalyst on Sb doped SnO<sub>2</sub> support for oxygen reduction in alkaline solution.
Analysis of Green Total Factor Productivity of Grain and Its Dynamic Distribution: Evidence from Poyang Lake Basin, China (2021)

Based on the grain production data of the counties (cities, districts) in Poyang Lake Basin, this paper uses the productivity index of Epsilon Based Measure of Malmquist Luenberger (EBM-ML Index) to analyse the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of grain in Poyang Lake Basin. Kernel density function and Markov analysis are used to discuss the dynamic evolution process of the distribution of GTFP of grain. The results show the following: (1) From the time dimension, the GTFP of grain is on the rise and fluctuates more frequently from 2001 to 2017, and its trend of change is determined by the combination of technical efficiency and technological progress. Moreover, from a spatial dimension, the number of counties (cities, districts) with GTFP of grain greater than 1.0 has shown an overall increase, indicating that the overall level of GTFP of grain is increasing. (2) According to the kernel density estimation results, the crest of the main peak of the kernel density curve corresponding to the GTFP of grain in Poyang Lake Basin shifts to the right, and the area formed by the right part of the GTFP of grain corresponding to the crest of the main peak of its kernel density curve gradually increases. The peak of the kernel density curve changes from “multi-peak mode” to “single-peak mode,” and the height of the main peak of the kernel density curve of GTFP of grain shows an overall decrease. Meanwhile, the right tail of the kernel density curve shows an overall extending trend. (3) According to the estimation results of the Markov chain, the GTFP of grain in Poyang Lake Basin is highly mobile from 2001 to 2017, and the counties (cities, districts) have a certain degree of agglomeration in the low, medium-low, medium-high and high levels. In other words, the long-term equilibrium state of growth of GTFP of grain remains dispersed in the state space of four level types, indicating that the divergence state of GTFP of grain in counties (cities, districts) of Poyang Lake Basin will continue for a long time in the future. The study reveals the evolution and dynamic change of GTFP of grain in Poyang Lake Basin, which has important theoretical significance and practical value for optimizing the spatial pattern and realizing the balanced development of GTFP among counties (cities, districts) of Poyang Lake Basin and consolidating China’s food security strategy.
Fiber-reinforced cementitious materials (1991)

There were five main themes: toughening mechanisms; synthetic and glass fibers; cracking under static and impact loading; new fibers and processing techniques; and applications. The lively exchange of ideas that occurred during the discussions made it clear that the development of high-performance, durable fiber cements and concretes is well advanced. Most of the papers presented at the symposium are included in this volume.
Efficient, divergent synthesis of cryptophycin unit A analogues (2012)

A flexible and divergent synthesis of cryptophycin unit A analogues is described. This method relies on iridium-catalysed stereo- and enantioselective crotylation and chemoselective one-pot oxidative olefination to access common intermediate . Heck, cross metathesis, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions are illustrated for the generation of methyl ester unit A analogues .