gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of cell morphology by the TRUImagE digital holographic microscopy system (2012)

We report the development of the Three-dimensional Real-time Uninvasive Imaging and Evaluation (TRUImagE) system based on digital holographic microscopy to study the morphological changes in cells undergoing photodynamic therapyinduced cell death. The optical system, based on the Michelson interferometer and configured in transmission mode, and the sample holder incorporating a stage incubator have been developed for monitoring various tumorigenic cell samples without the use of markers. Off-axis digital holograms were recorded with a CCD sensor and numerically reconstructed to provide quantitative phase imaging and 3D morphology of the cells in real time. The system was used to continuously monitor and study, at different time points, the changes in cells after incubation with the photosensitizer followed by activation by the appropriate light dose. Results obtained from the TRUImagE system and biochemical assays will be given.
Thiazole as a carbonyl bioisostere. A novel class of highly potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (1990)

A novel structural class of highly potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists is described. The compounds in this new series contain a thiazole moiety linking an aromatic group and a nitrogen-containing basic region; the thiazole group appears to be acting as a carbonyl bioisostere in this system. An optimized member of this series, 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolyl]methyl]thiazole (5), exhibits oral activity in the Bezold-Jarisch reflex paradigm comparable to or better than the standard agents ondansetron (1) and ICS-205-930 (2). Several of the structure-activity relationships are rationalized in terms of a computer pharmacophore model for 5-HT3 receptor binding.
Inhibition of chemotactic motility and trans‐endothelial migration of human neutrophils by sphingosine 1‐phosphate (1997)

In previous studies, we reported that sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) inhibits the chemotactic motility of some cancer cell lines such as mouse melanoma cells, as well as human smooth muscle cells, at a very low concentration, as demonstrated by a transwell migration assay method (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 9698, 1992; J. Cell Biol. 130, 193, 1995). In this study, we investigated the effect of Sph-1-P on the chemotactic motility and invasiveness of human neutrophils, utilizing three different assay systems: (a) a transwell migration assay where IL-8 or fLMP was added as a chemotactic factor, (b) a phagokinetic assay with gold colloids, and (c) a trans-endothelial migration assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) plated on collagen layers. We found that among various sphingosine derivatives, Sph-1-P specifically inhibited the IL-8- or fLMP-induced chemotactic migration of neutrophils at concentrations below 1 microM. Phagokinetic activity of neutrophils was also suppressed by Sph-1-P, but more moderately than by the PKC inhibitory sphingosine analog, trimethylsphingosine. Finally, Sph-1-P inhibited trans-endothelial migration and invasiveness of neutrophils into HUVEC-covered collagen layers, whereas no effect on their adhesion to HUVECs was observed. These observations strongly suggest that Sph-1-P can act as a specific and effective motility regulator of human neutrophils, raising the possibility of future applications of Sph-1-P, or its analogs, as anti-inflammatory agents regulating invasive migration of neutrophils through endothelial layers at injured vascular sites.
Through-the-wall indoor tracking and navigation using deep-sub-wavelength magnetoquasistatics (2017)

Recent progress in magnetoquasistatic field-based techniques have enabled decoupled and linear solutions for position and orientation sensing in non-line-of-sight environments at short to long ranges above ground. By utilizing the deep-sub-wavelength regime of the MQS source, we describe a method to enable position sensing in the indoor environment. The technique enables accurate positioning of a mobile device within a few skin-depths into a heavy multi-path building environment.
Insect juvenile hormone resistance gene homology with the bHLH-PAS family of transcriptional regulators (1998)

Juvenile hormone analog (JHA) insecticides are relatively nontoxic to vertebrates and offer effective control of certain insect pests. Recent reports of resistance in whiteflies and mosquitoes demonstrate the need to identify and understand genes for resistance to this class of insect growth regulators. Mutants of the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) gene in Drosophila melanogaster show resistance to both JHAs and JH, and previous biochemical studies have demonstrated a mechanism of resistance involving an intracellular JH binding-protein that has reduced ligand affinity in Met flies. We cloned the Met+ gene by transposable P-element tagging and found reduced transcript level in several mutant alleles, showing that underproduction of the normal gene product can lead to insecticide resistance. Transformation of Met flies with a Met+ cDNA resulted in susceptibility to methoprene, indicating that the cDNA encodes a functional Met+ protein. MET shows homology to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS family of transcriptional regulators, implicating MET in the action of JH at the gene level in insects. This family also includes the vertebrate dioxin receptor, a transcriptional regulator known to bind a variety of environmental toxicants. Because JHAs include a diverse array of chemicals with JH activity, a mechanism whereby they can exert effects in insects through a common pathway is suggested.
Isomeric Tetradentate Ligand-Containing Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes (2019)

A simple one-pot two bond-forming reaction for the rapid construction of cyclometalated gold(III) complexes with fully π-conjugated tetradentate ligand is reported. The coupling of the bifunctional gold(III) precursor with the bifunctional aromatic compound has led to the formation of two regioisomers with either <i>C</i>- or <i>N</i>-coordination. Through monitoring by high-throughput high performance liquid chromatography, the regioselectivity of the reaction has been effectively tuned toward the formation of a single isomer, allowing easy separation of the metal complexes. The structures of the complexes have been determined by X-ray crystallography, and the photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescence (EL) studies have been carried out. Computational study has been performed to provide insights into the nature of the excited states. Isomeric effect has been shown to have a significant influence on the EL behavior of the organic light-emitting devices.
Molecular dosimetry in rat urine of aflatoxin-N7-guanine and other aflatoxin metabolites by multiple monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography and immunoaffinity/high performance liquid chromatography. (1992)

The development of molecular dosimetry methods will simplify the identification of people at high risk for cancer. A combined monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography/high performance liquid chromatography method has been devised to isolate and quantify aflatoxin-DNA adducts and other metabolites in rat urine samples. We report the production of 11 different monoclonal antibodies recognizing aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin Q1, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxicol, and aflatoxin M1 and the application of these antibodies to a multiple monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography technique. Using the multiple monoclonal antibody affinity column with rat urines obtained from dosed animals, between 90 and 95% of total aflatoxin metabolites can be bound to the column and isolated. Analytical immunoaffinity chromatography/high performance liquid chromatography analysis of these isolated aflatoxins reveals that more than 55% of the aflatoxins in rat urine are aflatoxin-dihydrodiol, aflatoxin-N7-guanine, aflatoxin Q1, aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin P1, and aflatoxin B1, accounting for 1.5, 9.6, 1.8, 34.5, 8.0, and 1.0% of the total aflatoxins, respectively. Further, a perchloric acid digestion of the aflatoxin-N7-guanine peak was used to confirm its identity by its conversion to guanine. The measurement of aflatoxin-N7-guanine excretion in rat urine was examined to assess its utility as a marker of DNA adduct formation in the liver, and a dose-dependent excretion in urine was found with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. A comparison of the dose-dependent residual levels of aflatoxin binding to liver DNA with the amount of aflatoxin-N7-guanine excreted in urine showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Besides the nucleic acid adduct excretion data, aflatoxin M1 and aflatoxin P1 were evaluated as molecular dosimeters in the urine. Aflatoxin M1 was found to be an excellent marker, whereas no linear relationship between dose and aflatoxin P1 excretion in urine was found.
Perceptual coding of images for halftone display (1994)

We present a new technique for coding gray-scale images for facsimile transmission and printing on a laser printer. We use a gray-scale image encoder so that it is only at the receiver that the image is converted to a binary pattern and printed. The conventional approach is to transmit the image in halftoned form, using entropy coding (e.g. CCITT Group 3 or JBIG). The main advantages of the new approach are that we can get higher compression rates and that the receiver can tune the halftoning process to the particular printer. We use a perceptually based subband coding approach. It uses a perceptual masking model that was empirically derived for printed images using a specific printer and halftoning technique. In particular, we used a 300 dots/inch write-black laser printer and a standard halftoning scheme ("classical") for that resolution. For nearly transparent coding of gray-scale images, the proposed technique requires lower rates than the standard facsimile techniques.
Efficient processing of outer joins and aggregate junctions (2002)

Removal of redundant outer joins is essential for the reassociation of outer joins with other binary operations. We present a set of comprehensive algorithms that employ the properties of strong predicates along with the properties of aggregation, intersection, union, and except operations to remove redundant outer joins from a query. For the purpose of query simplification, we generate additional projections by determining the keys. Our algorithm for generating keys is based on a novel concept of weak bindings that is essential for queries containing outer joins. Our algorithm for converting outer joins to joins is based on a novel concept of join-reducibility.
Formation of Trehalose from Maltooligosaccharides by a Novel Enzymatic System (1995)

A trehalose-producing bacterium, Arthrobacter sp. strain Q36, was isolated from soil. From a supernatant of the culture broth, two novel enzymes related to trehalose synthesis were partially purified by Sepabeads FP-DA column chromatography. One enzyme catalyzed the conversion of maltopentaose into maltotriosyl trehalose by intramolecular transglycosylation, showing it to be maltooligosyl trehalose synthase. The other hydrolyzed the product transferred by the former into maltotriose and trehalose specifically, showing it to be maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase. In addition to the bacterial strain isolated, several bacteria kept in our laboratory were found to produce these enzymes. The enzymatic system was proposed to be a novel biosynthesis of trehalose in bacteria involving the following reactions: maltodextrin→maltooligosyl trehalose, maltooligosyl trehalose→maltodextrin + trehalose. When these enzymes acted on amylose simultaneously, the trehalose in the reaction mixture reached more than 80% in content.
Citrus tristeza virus-host interactions (2013)

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a phloem-limited virus whose natural host range is restricted to citrus and related species. Although the virus has killed millions of trees, almost destroying whole industries, and continually limits production in many citrus growing areas, most isolates are mild or symptomless in most of their host range. There is little understanding of how the virus causes severe disease in some citrus and none in others. Movement and distribution of CTV differs considerably from that of well-studied viruses of herbaceous plants where movement occurs largely through adjacent cells. In contrast, CTV systemically infects plants mainly by long-distance movement with only limited cell-to-cell movement. The virus is transported through sieve elements and occasionally enters an adjacent companion or phloem parenchyma cell where virus replication occurs. In some plants this is followed by cell-to-cell movement into only a small cluster of adjacent cells, while in others there is no cell-to-cell movement. Different proportions of cells adjacent to sieve elements become infected in different plant species. This appears to be related to how well viral gene products interact with specific hosts. CTV has three genes (p33, p18, and p13) that are not necessary for infection of most of its hosts, but are needed in different combinations for infection of certain citrus species. These genes apparently were acquired by the virus to extend its host range. Some specific viral gene products have been implicated in symptom induction. Remarkably, the deletion of these genes from the virus genome can induce large increases in stem pitting (SP) symptoms. The p23 gene, which is a suppressor of RNA silencing and a regulator of viral RNA synthesis, has been shown to be the cause of seedling yellows (SY) symptoms in sour orange. Most isolates of CTV in nature are populations of different strains of CTV. The next frontier of CTV biology is the understanding how the virus variants in those mixtures interact with each other and cause diseases.
Asynchronous Scrambled Coded Multiple Access for 5G Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access: System Level Performance (2020)

Asynchronous Scrambled Coded Multiple Access (ASCMA) technology presents several features that make it well suited for IoT and mMTC type applications over state-of-the-art terrestrial wireless networks. These include low-rate error correction coding combined with low complexity receiver processing and an ability to transmit data asynchronously using single as well as multiple-streams from a user terminal. The resulting advantages in terms of spectral efficiency, low-latency, and reduced power consumption have been quantified previously using link-level simulations. In this paper, we evaluate the system level performance of a 5G New Radio (NR) mobile network employing ASCMA for uplink mMTC type applications. Using an accurate system level simulator, we evaluate two different scheduling schemes for ASCMA, the first assumes a grant-based scheduling of user terminals over available network resources and the second assumes random access or grant-free scheduling of the same. A novel abstraction method is developed to aid the system level evaluations. Using extensive simulations, we demonstrate the ability of ASCMA technology to provide significant improvements to key network performance indicators such as packet loss rate, average retransmission rate, average cell throughput and cell-edge throughput.
Graded Index Polymer Optical Fiber Amplifiers (1998)

Abstract Gain dynamics such as signal wavelength dependence and pump wavelength dependence for organic dye-doped graded index (GI) polymer optical fiber amplifiers (POFA) are characterized. A Rhodamine B-doped POFA, 1 m in length and 0.3 mm in core diameter, has exhibited more than 20 dB gain at signal wavelengths from 560 nm to 600 nm when optically pumped at 532 nm. The maximum gain of 37 dB was achieved with a Rhodamine B-doped POFA pumped at 550 nm, which was optimum pump wavelength. For an Oxazine 4-doped POFA, signal gain of 20 dB was obtained when pumped at 605 nm. It is shown that pumping at absorption maximum wavelengths optimizes amplifier performance.
MicroRNAs Differentially Regulated by Akt Isoforms Control EMT and Stem Cell Renewal in Cancer Cells (2009)

Although Akt is known to play a role in human cancer, the relative contribution of its three isoforms to oncogenesis remains to be determined. We expressed each isoform individually in an Akt1(-/-)/Akt2(-/-)/Akt3(-/-) cell line. MicroRNA profiling of growth factor-stimulated cells revealed unique microRNA signatures for cells with each isoform. Among the differentially regulated microRNAs, the abundance of the miR-200 family was decreased in cells bearing Akt2. Knockdown of Akt1 in transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)-treated MCF10A cells also decreased the abundance of miR-200; however, knockdown of Akt2, or of both Akt1 and Akt2, did not. Furthermore, Akt1 knockdown in MCF10A cells promoted TGFbeta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a stem cell-like phenotype. Carcinomas developing in MMTV-cErbB2/Akt1(-/-) mice showed increased invasiveness because of miR-200 down-regulation. Finally, the ratio of Akt1 to Akt2 and the abundance of miR-200 and of the messenger RNA encoding E-cadherin in a set of primary and metastatic human breast cancers were consistent with the hypothesis that in many cases breast cancer metastasis may be under the control of the Akt-miR-200-E-cadherin axis. We conclude that induction of EMT is controlled by microRNAs whose abundance depends on the balance between Akt1 and Akt2 rather than on the overall activity of Akt.
Back cover: High‐performance capillary electrophoresis to determine intact keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid in animal origin chondroitin sulfate samples and food supplements (2020)

DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000028 The cover picture shows a new HPCE method for the quali-quantitative analysis of animal origin chondroitin sulfate, detected as intact chains in samples and food supplements. The method is also able to separate and quantify intact chains of keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid. The keratan sulfate could eventually be present in the samples as residue of low controlled chondroitin sulfate manufacturing processes of extraction from animal tissues, while hyaluronic acid is frequently added in the chondroitin food supplement preparations.
Continuous-wave operation of ultraviolet InGaN/InAlGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes (2003)

We demonstrate ultraviolet InGaN/InAlGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes operating under continuous-wave (cw) conditions. The laser diodes were grown on sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Under pulsed bias conditions, we have achieved threshold current densities as low as 5 kA/cm2 for laser diodes with emission wavelengths between 368 nm and 378 nm and have demonstrated lasing at 363.2 nm at room temperature, the shortest wavelength yet reported for a semiconductor laser diode. The cw operation up to a heat sink temperature of 40 °C was demonstrated on a series of narrow ridge-waveguide devices processed with chemically assisted ion beam etched mirrors and high reflective coating on both facets. The shortest wavelength emission under cw operation conditions was 373.5 nm with output powers of more than 1 mW.
Towards automating the creation of hypermedia service manuals by compiling specifications (1994)

Hypermedia creation is still considered to be a laborious task in the present stage of multimedia computing, particularly for information migrated from older forms. Existing automatic creation methods only generate restricted forms of hyperlinking and have been developed primarily for the conversion of free textual information. They have limitations in creating hyperlinked service manuals which often contain non-textual information such as schematic diagrams. The authors present a new approach to automatic creation of hypermedia that requires new types of hyperlinks for various service information sources, and is based on formal specifications. Unlike previous methods, this approach using specifications, supports more flexible descriptions of hotspots and links for a variety of information items and access methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultrafast All-Optical Switching with a Single Quantum Dot (2009)

We demonstrate all-optical switching based on a single quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. The quantum-dot mediated interaction between the signal and control beams occurs at the single-photon level.
(3-Cyano-5-fluorophenyl)biaryl Negative Allosteric Modulators of mGlu<sub>5</sub>: Discovery of a New Tool Compound with Activity in the OSS Mouse Model of Addiction (2011)

Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the mammalian CNS, exerting its effects through both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) belong to family C of the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The eight mGlus identified to date are classified into three groups based on their structure, preferred signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacology (Group I: mGlu(1) and mGlu(5); Group II: mGlu(2) and mGlu(3); Group III: mGlu(4), mGlu(6), mGlu(7), and mGlu(8)). Non-competitive antagonists, also known as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), of mGlu(5) offer potential therapeutic applications in diseases such as pain, anxiety, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Parkinson's disease (PD), fragile X syndrome, and addiction. The development of SAR in a (3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl)biaryl series using our functional cell-based assay is described in this communication. Further characterization of a selected compound, 3-fluoro-5-(2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile, in additional cell based assays as well as in vitro assays designed to measure its metabolic stability and protein binding indicated its potential utility as an in vivo tool. Subsequent evaluation of the same compound in a pharmacokinetic study using intraperitoneal dosing in mice showed good exposure in both plasma and brain samples. The compound was efficacious in a mouse marble burying model of anxiety, an assay known to be sensitive to mGlu(5) antagonists. A new operant model of addiction termed operant sensation seeking (OSS) was chosen as a second behavioral assay. The compound also proved efficacious in the OSS model and constitutes the first reported example of efficacy with a small molecule mGlu(5) NAM in this novel assay.