gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histopathologic reaction of a calcium phosphate cement for alveolar ridge augmentation (2002)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) in the reconstruction of a defective alveolar ridge in conjunction with implant placement. The CPC consisted of an equimolar amount of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. At the beginning of the experiment, all mandibular premolar teeth of mature beagle dogs were extracted. After 1 month of healing, alveolar bone was reduced to make a space for a CPC block that was prefabricated from a CPC mixed with water at a powder/liquid ratio of 5 g/mL. After an additional month, 8-mm long hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants were placed in such a way that the apical half was embedded into alveolar bone and the coronal half in the preformed CPC block. The dogs were sacrificed and biopsies were obtained at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Sections that included implants were evaluated for integration of the CPC block to the alveolar bone and of the implant to the alveolar bone. Additional sections without the implants served as controls. The results obtained from this study show that the CPC ridge augmentation gradually is replaced by natural bone. Six months after surgery, histopathologic features of the augmentation area were quite similar to those of natural alveolar bone. The coronal half of the implants, previously surrounded by the CPC block, was firmly fixed by natural bone. Therefore, this method may be useful for increasing the height of the alveolar ridge.
<i>SCENTinel 1.0</i> : development of a rapid test to screen for smell loss (2020)

<i>SCENTinel 1</i> . <i>0</i> is a practical test able to discriminate individuals with smell loss and is likely to be useful in many clinical situations, including COVID-19 symptom screening.
MPL Mutation Profile in JAK2 Mutation-negative Patients With Myeloproliferative Disorders (2011)

Mutations in the thrombopoietin receptor gene (myeloproliferative leukemia, MPL) have been reported in patients with JAK2 V617F-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). We evaluated the prevalence of MPL mutations relative to JAK2 mutations in patients with suspected MPDs. A total of 2790 patient samples submitted for JAK2 mutation analysis were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction and bidirectional sequencing of plasma RNA. JAK2 V617F-negative samples were tested for JAK2 exons 12 to 14 mutations, and those with negative results were then tested for mutations in MPL exons 10 and 11. Of the 2790 patients, 529 (18.96%) had V617F, 12 (0.43%) had small insertions or deletions in exon 12, and 7 (0.25%) had other JAK2 mutations in exons 12 to 14. Of the 2242 JAK2 mutation-negative patients, 68 (3.03%) had MPL mutations. W515L was the predominant MPL mutation (n=46; 68%), and 10 (15%) patients had other W515 variants. The remaining MPL mutations (n=12, 17%) were detected at other locations in exons 10 and 11 and included 3 insertion/deletion mutations. The S505N mutation, associated with familial MPD, was detected in 3 patients. Overall, for every 100 V617F mutations in patients with suspected MPDs, there were 12.9 MPL mutations, 2.3 JAK2 exon 12 mutations, and 1.3 JAK2 exons 13 to 14 mutations. These findings suggest that MPL mutation screening should be performed before JAK2 exons 12 to 14 testing in JAK2 V617F-negative patients with suspected MPDs.
Dielectric Ceramics for Microwave Application (1985)

A review has been made to find the technical trend on the presently developed dielectric ceramics for microwave applications. Some new dielectric ceramics recently developed by authers that is (1) temperature stable and high Q materials of Ba(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 (BZT) and Ba(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –Ba(Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 )O 3 (BZNT) ceramics and (2) temperature stable and high dielectric constant materials of BaO–Sm 2 O 3 –TiO 2 (BST) ceramics and their applications have been introduced.
Oxysterols enhance osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone healing in vivo (2007)

Oxysterols, naturally occurring cholesterol oxidation products, can induce osteoblast differentiation. Here, we investigated short-term 22(S)-hydroxycholesterol + 20(S)-hydroxycholesterol (SS) exposure on osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stromal cells. We further explored oxysterol ability to promote bone healing in vivo. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA expression, mineralization, and Runx2 DNA binding activity. To explore the effects of osteogenic oxysterols in vivo, we utilized the critical-sized rat calvarial defect model. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds alone or coated with 140 ng (low dose) or 1400 ng (high dose) oxysterol cocktail were implanted into the defects. Rats were sacrificed at 6 weeks and examined by three-dimensional (3D) microcomputed tomography (microCT). Bone volume (BV), total volume (TV), and BV/TV ratio were measured. Culture exposure to SS for 10 min significantly increased ALP activity after 4 days, while 2 h exposure significantly increased mineralization after 14 days. Four-hour SS treatment increased OCN mRNA measured after 8 days and nuclear protein binding to an OSE2 site measured after 4 days. The calvarial defects showed slight bone healing in the control group. However, scaffolds adsorbed with low or high-dose oxysterol cocktail significantly enhanced bone formation. Histologic examination confirmed bone formation in the defect sites grafted with oxysterol-adsorbed scaffolds, compared to mostly fibrous tissue in control sites. Our results suggest that brief exposure to osteogenic oxysterols triggered events leading to osteoblastic cell differentiation and function in vitro and bone formation in vivo. These results identify oxysterols as potential agents in local and systemic enhancement of bone formation.
Insulin-Enhancing Vanadium(III) Complexes (2001)

Simple, high-yield, large-scale syntheses of the V(III) complexes tris(maltolato)vanadium(III), V(ma)3, tris(ethylmaltolato)vanadium(III), V(ema)3, tris(kojato)vanadium(III) monohydrate, V(koj)3·H2O, and tris(1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato)vanadium(III) dodecahydrate, V(dpp)3·12H2O, are described; the characterization of these complexes by various methods and, in the case of V(dpp)3·12H2O, by an X-ray crystal structure determination, is reported. The ability of these complexes to normalize glucose levels in the STZ-diabetic rat model has been examined and compared with that of the benchmark compound BMOV (bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV)), an established insulin-enhancing agent.
ObfusCADe (2017)

As additive manufacturing (AM) becomes more pervasive, its supply chains shift towards distributed business models that heavily rely on cloud resources. Despite its countless benefits, this paradigm raises significant concerns about the trustworthiness of the globalized process, as there exist several classes of cybersecurity attacks that can undermine its security guarantees. In this work, we focus on the protection of the intellectual property (IP) of 3D designs, and introduce ObfusCADe, which is a novel protection method against counterfeiting, by embedding special features in CAD models. The introduced features interfere with the integrity of the design, effectively restricting high quality manufacturing to only a unique set of processing settings and conditions; under all other conditions, the printed artifact suffers from poor quality, premature failures and/or malfunctions.
Coherent Combination of Fiber Lasers with a Diffractive Optical Element (2008)

An actively phase-locked array of five fiber lasers is coherently combined using a diffractive optical element with 91% efficiency and M2 = 1.04. Calculations and power handling measurements suggest this approach is scalable to high powers.
A deep-learning classifier identifies patients with clinical heart failure using whole-slide images of H&E tissue (2018)

Over 26 million people worldwide suffer from heart failure annually. When the cause of heart failure cannot be identified, endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) represents the gold-standard for the evaluation of disease. However, manual EMB interpretation has high inter-rater variability. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to detect cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and dermatologic lesions from images. In this study, we develop a CNN classifier to detect clinical heart failure from H&E stained whole-slide images from a total of 209 patients, 104 patients were used for training and the remaining 105 patients for independent testing. The CNN was able to identify patients with heart failure or severe pathology with a 99% sensitivity and 94% specificity on the test set, outperforming conventional feature-engineering approaches. Importantly, the CNN outperformed two expert pathologists by nearly 20%. Our results suggest that deep learning analytics of EMB can be used to predict cardiac outcome.
Development of an orally delivered GLP-1 receptor agonist through peptide engineering and drug delivery to treat chronic disease (2021)

Peptide therapeutics are increasingly used in the treatment of disease, but their administration by injection reduces patient compliance and convenience, especially for chronic diseases. Thus, oral administration of a peptide therapeutic represents a significant advance in medicine, but is challenged by gastrointestinal instability and ineffective uptake into the circulation. Here, we have used glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as a model peptide therapeutic for treating obesity-linked type 2 diabetes, a common chronic disease. We describe a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach leading to the development of MEDI7219, a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) specifically engineered for oral delivery. Sites of protease/peptidase vulnerabilities in GLP-1 were removed by amino acid substitution and the peptide backbone was bis-lipidated to promote MEDI7219 reversible plasma protein binding without affecting potency. A combination of sodium chenodeoxycholate and propyl gallate was used to enhance bioavailability of MEDI7219 at the site of maximal gastrointestinal absorption, targeted by enteric-coated tablets. This synergistic approach resulted in MEDI7219 bioavailability of ~ 6% in dogs receiving oral tablets. In a dog model of obesity and insulin resistance, MEDI7219 oral tablets significantly decreased food intake, body weight and glucose excursions, validating the approach. This novel approach to the development of MEDI7219 provides a template for the development of other oral peptide therapeutics.
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus aquaporin as an effective vaccine antigen to protect against cattle tick infestations (2014)

The effectiveness of this vaccine in reducing the numbers of adult female ticks shows this aquaporin antigen holds promise as an active ingredient in cattle vaccines targeted against infestations of R. microplus.
An optofluidic microscope on a chip driven by DC electrokinetics (2008)

The use of DC electrokinetics can ensure a uniform and pure translational motion of biological samples in an optofluidic microscope. Its ability to image a single ellipsoidal cell, Chlamydomonas, was demonstrated on-chip.
Transgenic models of neurodegenerative diseases (1996)

Identification of genetic mutations linked to familial neurodegenerative diseases have made it possible to generate useful transgenic animal models. Studies using these transgenic animals indicate that many familial neurodegenerative diseases, such as motor neuron disease, Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases and trinucleotide repeat diseases, result from a gain of deleterious properties. The disease-specific pathology in transgenic mice demonstrates the utility of these models in elucidating pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and in developing therapeutic strategies.
Remediation of acid drainage through surface coating of iron sulfides. US Geological Survey (USGS) Water Resources Research Act grant program announcement 7846 (1995)

Elucidatom of the mechanisms of pyrite oxidation and its control are needed in order to prevent acid mine drainage (AMD) formation. In this study, FT-IR spectroscopic evidence demonstrated that pyrite exposed to humidified CO2 plus O2 appeared to form weak electrostrated that pyrite exposed humidified CO2 plus O2 appeared to form weak electrostatic surface-CO3 complexes. In order to evaluate the best approach for creating a coating on pyrite, small column leaching experiments under laboratory conditions were carried out employing solution phosphate or silica as coating materials. These investigations showed that iron phosphate or silica coating can be established on pyrite surfaces. Similar studies employing pyritic spoil material showed that silica coatings prevented pyrite oxidation more effectively than phosphate coatings. These coating technologies are currently evaluated under simulated field conditions using large columns.
NOx reduction from a gas turbine combustor using exhaust gas recirculation (1980)

This paper describes laboratory tests performed on a combustion chamber typical of that now in use in large industrial gas turbines. The tests were designed to investigate the effects of EGR on NOx emissions from distillate and propane fuel. The results presented here show that substantial reductions in NOx concentration at the exit of the combustor are achievable without any modification to the combustion system. Additional reductions in NOx emission rate at the gas turbine exhaust are also obtained due to the reduced mass flow discharged to the atmosphere. NOx compliance with the proposed EPA New Source Performance Standards is possible due in part to the lowered exhaust oxygen concentration resulting from the lowered inlet oxygen concentration. The results from these tests confirm earlier data obtained with an atmospheric pressure turbulent diffusion flame spray burner, also presented here.
Three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging through scattering media (2014)

We demonstrate three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging behind a scattering material by scanning an absorbing object through an optimized focus. We optimize the wavefront to create a focus using the photoacoustic effect as feedback.
Molecular Design of Photocurable Liquid Biodegradable Copolymers. 2. Synthesis of Coumarin-Derivatized Oligo(methacrylate)s and Photocuring (2000)

Photocurable, biodegradable liquid copolymers, which undergo liquid-to-gel transformation upon ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, may find versatile biomaterial applications. A multifunctionally derivatized liquid prepolymer that is oligo(2-hydroxyl methacrylate) grafted with oligo(ε-caprolactone) and subsequently end-capped with a photodimerizable group, coumarin, at the terminal ends of the side chains, was prepared. UV irradiation produced a cross-linked solid.
Purine acyclic nucleosides. Nitrogen isosteres of 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl] guanine as candidate antivirals (1981)

A number of nitrogen analogues of 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine [acylovir, Zovirax] containing amine functions in the side chain were synthesized and tested for antiviral activity. These purine acyclic nucleosides were prepared by reaction of tris(trimethylsilyl)guanine or 2,6-diaminopurine sodium salt with the chloromethyl ethers prepared from N-(2-hydroxyethyl)phthalimide, N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]phthalimide, or N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxazolidin-2-one to give the N-blocked intermediates 5-8. Deprotection with hydrazine or by alkaline hydrolysis gave 9-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]guanine (9), 9-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-2,6-diaminopurine (10), 9-[2(2-aminoethoxy]ethoxymethyl]guanine (11), and 9-[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethoxy]methyl]guanine (12). When tested against herpes simplex virus type 1, only 9 was active with an IC50 = 8 microM. Little or no activity was observed against a range of other DNA and RNA viruses.
Secondary combustion in a dual-chamber woodstove (1988)

This paper discusses laboratory tests of a modified, popular dual-chamber woodstove to determine its ability to reduce emissions. In dual-chamber stoves, the primary chamber is for fuel volatilization, and the secondary chamber is for combustion. The original stove was first operated at low, medium, and high burn rates to establish baseline performance. The stove was then modified to include an electrical igniter and a controlled flow of air to the secondary chamber and was tested again under the same conditions. Variables measured included gas-stream temperatures upstream and downstream of the secondary chamber (which indicate secondary combustion) and exhaust-stream concentrations of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons (which indicate emissions). The paper discusses the effectiveness of these modifications in sustaining secondary combustion and reducing emissions.
Simulation of Electromigration Test Structures with and without Extrusion Monitors (2006)

The thermal-electrical behavior of metallization structures with and without extrusion monitors has been investigated by Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. The explanation of changes in stress conditions (line temperature, spatial temperature distributions) has been proven to be helpful for the interpretation of electromigration test results. The simulation results of metallization structures with and without extrusion monitors are then compared to corresponding results from Standard Wafer-level Electromigration Accelerated Test (SWEAT) and Isothermal Electromigration tests. The detected failure mode has been verified by optical observation of the metallization structures during and after electromigration stress. The investigations performed on a 0.35um metallization process suggest that it is necessary to use optimized test structure layouts featuring extrusion monitors to obtain accurate electromigration results.
Trace Detection of Nitrocompounds by ArF Laser Photofragmentation/Ionization Spectrometry (1993)

A new method for detecting trace vapors of NO 2 -containing compounds near atmospheric conditions has been demonstrated with the use of one-color-laser photofragmentation/ionization spectrometry. An ArF laser is employed to both photolytically fragment the target molecules in a collision-free environment and ionize the characteristic NO fragments. The production of NO is hypothesized to result from a combination of two NO 2 unimolecular fragmentation pathways, one yielding NO in its X 2 II electronic ground state and the other in its A 2 Σ + excited state. Ionization of ground-state NO molecules is accomplished by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization processes via its A 2 Σ + ← X 2 II (3, 0), B 2 II ← X 2 II (7, 0) and/or D 2 Σ + ← X 2 II (0, 1) bands at 193 nm. The analytical utility of this method is demonstrated in a molecular beam time-of-flight apparatus. Limits of detection range from the parts-per-million (ppm) to parts-per-billion (ppb) level for NO, NO 2 , CH 3 NO 2 , dimethylnitramine (DMNA), ortho- and meta-nitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, and trinitrotoluene (TNT). Under effusive beam experimental conditions, discrimination between structural isomers, ortho-nitrotoluene and meta-nitrotoluene, has been demonstrated with the use of their characteristic photofragmentation/ionization mass spectra.
At-Risk Driving Behavior in Drivers with Diabetes: A Neuroergonomics Approach (2017)

This pilot study tackles the overarching need for driver-state detection through real-world measurements of driver behavior and physiology in at-risk drivers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). 35 drivers (19 DM, 14 comparison) participated. Real-time glucose levels were measured over four weeks with continuous glucose monitor (CGM) wearable sensors. Contemporaneous real-world driving performance and behavior were measured with in-vehicle video and electronic sensor instrumentation packages. Results showed clear links between at-risk glucose levels (particularly hypoglycemia) and changes in driver performance and behavior. DM participants often drove during at-risk glucose levels (low and high) and showed cognitive impairments in key domains for driving, which are likely linked to frequent hypoglycemia. The finding of increased driving risk in DM participants was mirrored in state records of crashes and traffic citations. Combining sensor data and phenotypes of driver behavior can inform patients, caregivers, safety interventions, policy, and design of supportive in-vehicle technology that is responsive to driver state.
Electricity generation by splitting of water from hydroelectric cell: An alternative to solar cell and fuel cell (2020)

Harnessing green electricity by hydroelectric cell from water molecule splitting based on uniquely processed ferrites, multiferroic, composites and metal oxides has astonished the world. The specially processed oxygen deficient Nano porous ferrite/metal oxide attached with two dissimilar electrodes known as hydroelectric cell to generate electricity using a few drops of water for the first time it was invented in 2016. It is a primary source of energy that operates on the principle of spontaneous water molecule dissociation (OH− and H3O+) by oxygen deficient and Nano porous materials such as Mg0.8Li0.2Fe2O4, SiO2, SnO2, MgO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and TiO2. The electrodes attached on oxide pellets are the Zn sheet anode and inert cathode Ag paste fabricated as hydroelectric cell. Chemi-dissociation of water molecule on the pellet surface followed by physi-dissociation results into H3O+ ion hopping and that ultimately leads to hopping of H+ ions into nanopores. This phenomenon generates enough electric potential that spontaneously dissociates physisorbed water molecules on the pellet surface, thus sustaining current in the cell. Redox reactions of OH− and H3O+ at Zn and Ag electrodes, respectively, generate cell potential, which allows the flow of electric current in the external circuit of the cell. A pellet of size 1 in. square of Mg0.8Li0.2Fe2O4, SnO2, and Fe3O4 etc. is able to deliver current of 8, 22, and 50 mA with a voltage of 0.98, 0.78, and 0.83 V, respectively. Hydroelectric cell working in different functional mode is able to produce high purity hydrogen gas and zinc hydroxide nanoparticles also. This review compiled the detailed working mechanism of recently invented hydroelectric cell, with studies done on different oxide materials in order to understand their water splitting properties, its advantages and limitation along with future prospect for complementing other sources for power generation. Hydroelectric cell has brought a big revolution recently in green energy sector by opening a new field in energy materials based on water splitting by non-photocatalytic process and is progressing rapidly its development, therefore there is a need of concise and comprehensive article to introduce its working to advance this new green energy device knowledge to young researchers globally. Conduciveeconomics, ubiquitous resources, user friendly technology with no disposal issue make hydroelectric cell a future potential green energy source as a better low cost alternative to solar and fuel cell.
Solution Phase Synthesis of an Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Phosphorothioate for Therapeutic Applications (1997)

Abstract Solution phase synthesis of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide phosphorothioate Octamer (5′-TTGGGGTT) using phosphorothioate triester method is reported.