gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflective Membrane Scintillation For Laser Receiver Diagnostics (1989)

Laboratory simulation of atmospheric laser scintillation has been accomplished through a Reflective Membrane Optical Scintillator (RMOS). RMOS incorporates a novel vibrating membrane design that is virtually wavelength independent and statistically programmable in real time. The device has application in the context of wavefront simulation as it exists in turbulent medium. Wavefront disturbances are created by reflecting collimated light off of the membrane surface. The reflected light undergoes spatial modulation and angular redistributions which mimic the effects observed over long path propagation through the atmosphere. Acoustic energy, coupled into the membrane through an electro-mechanical transducer, sets-up nodal vibrational modes in the bounded membrane, creating angular distortion areas that redistribute energy in the reflected beam. The statistics of the energy redistribution is a function of the applied acoustical spectrum, rms transducer voltage, and distance from the membrane surface, as well as the shape and acoustic impedance of the membrane boundary. Laboratory testing of a prototype device indicate spatial irradiance variations in the reflected beam exhibit probability distributions having log-normal symmetry with angle-of-arrival deviations up to 25 milliradians and variances from .01 to 1.0.
Cloud-Based Cognitive Radio Adhoc Vehicular Network Architecture: A Next-Generation Smart City (2018)

In architecting a smart city, the designers and architects need to incorporate efficient mechanisms to manage movement of people, especially in urban areas. Such mechanisms usually depend heavily on the availability of efficient information and communication technologies. This paper proposes a Cloud-based cognitive radio adhoc vehicular network (CRAVENET), which plays a significant role in facilitating the development and implementation of various services in the operation of smart cities. CRAVENET also facilitates efficiently spectrum utilization by offering opportunities for cooperation among wireless service providers. CRAVENET architecture enables information collected by individual vehicles to be shared between them so as to facilitate the offering of multiple services needed for the operation of smart cities. We validate the proposed architecture using OMNeT++ and estimate its utility for information sharing and decision making. The simulation focuses on information available and/or gathered along a road trip like road conditions, trip data, traffic and climatic conditions, the status of vehicles' health, accessible vehicle service stations, and business centers.
Optical coherence tomography disc assessment in optic nerves with peripapillary atrophy. (2003)

Automated OCT optic nerve head analysis may be used in the clinical setting in the presence of peripapillary atrophy; however, caution should be used when comparing individual results with population-derived optic nerve head results.
Comparison of Immune Responses to Different Versions of VLP Associated Stabilized RSV Pre-Fusion F Protein (2019)

Efforts to develop a vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have primarily focused on the RSV fusion protein. The pre-fusion conformation of this protein induces the most potent neutralizing antibodies and is the focus of recent efforts in vaccine development. Following the first identification of mutations in the RSV F protein (DS-Cav1 mutant protein) that stabilized the pre-fusion conformation, other mutant stabilized pre-fusion F proteins have been described. To determine if there are differences in alternate versions of stabilized pre-fusion F proteins, we explored the use, as vaccine candidates, of virus-like particles (VLPs) containing five different pre-fusion F proteins, including the DS-Cav1 protein. The expression of these five pre-F proteins, their assembly into VLPs, their pre-fusion conformation stability in VLPs, their reactivity with anti-F monoclonal antibodies, and their induction of immune responses after the immunization of mice, were characterized, comparing VLPs containing the DS-Cav1 pre-F protein with VLPs containing four alternative pre-fusion F proteins. The concentrations of anti-F IgG induced by each VLP that blocked the binding of prototype monoclonal antibodies using two different soluble pre-fusion F proteins as targets were measured. Our results indicate that both the conformation and immunogenicity of alternative VLP associated stabilized pre-fusion RSV F proteins are different from those of DS-Cav1 VLPs.
Targeting Axl With an High-affinity Inhibitory Aptamer (2012)

Axl is a tyrosine kinase receptor that was first identified as a transforming gene in human myeloid leukemia. Recent converging evidence suggests its implication in cancer progression and invasion for several solid tumors, including lung, breast, brain, thyroid, and pancreas. In the last decade, Axl has thus become an attractive target for therapeutic development of more aggressive cancers. An emerging class of therapeutic inhibitors is now represented by short nucleic acid aptamers. These molecules act as high affinity ligands with several advantages over conventional antibodies for their use in vivo, including their small size and negligible immunogenicity. Furthermore, these molecules can easily form conjugates able to drive the specific delivery of interfering RNAs, nanoparticles, or chemotherapeutics. We have thus generated and characterized a selective RNA-based aptamer, GL21.T that binds the extracellular domain of Axl at high affinity (12 nmol/l) and inhibits its catalytic activity. GL21.T blocked Axl-dependent transducing events in vitro, including Erk and Akt phosphorylation, cell migration and invasion, as well as in vivo lung tumor formation in mice xenografts. In this respect, the GL21.T aptamer represents a promising therapeutic molecule for Axl-dependent cancers whose importance is highlighted by the paucity of available Axl-specific inhibitory molecules.
Preparation of carbon fibers from syndiotactic 1,2‐polybutadiene (1984)

Abstract Carbon fibers having good mechanical properties were produced from syndiotactic 1,2‐polybutadiene (s‐PB). Melt‐spun s‐PB fibers were made infusible by oxidation, irradiation, or treatments with Lewis acids, protonic acids, or peroxides. The infusibilized fibers were dehydrogenated with oxygen, chloranil, or sulfur and then carbonized. The preparative method by the AlBr 3 –sulfur–heat treatment process gave carbon fibers with good mechanical strength in a high yield. A filaments bundle was immersed in a benzene solution of AlBr 3 (2g/100mL) at 42°C for 78 min under tension, washed with methanol, and then immersed in molten sulfur at 275°C for 14 min. After the adhering sulfur was purged with nitrogen at 290°C for 7 min, the bundle was heated up to a temperature of 700–3000°C under tension in a flow of nitrogen or argon for a few minutes. Carbon fibers heated to 1400°C were obtained with the tensile strength of 16.6 t/cm 2 and the modulus of 1420 t/cm 2 in a carbon yield of 82% and strain‐graphitized fibers at 3000°C with 20 t/cm 2 and 4010 t/cm 2 in 70%.
Axicons for mode conversion in high peak power, higher-order mode, fiber amplifiers (2015)

Higher-order mode fiber amplifiers have demonstrated effective areas as large as 6000 μm2, allowing for high pulse energy and peak power amplification. Long-period gratings are used to convert the fundamental mode to the higher-order mode at the entrance to the amplifier, and reconvert back to the fundamental at the exit, to achieve a diffraction limited beam. However, long period gratings are susceptible to nonlinearity at high peak power. In this work, we propose and demonstrate axicons for linear bulk-optic mode conversion at the output of higher order mode amplifiers. We achieve an M2 of less than 1.25 for 80% mode conversion efficiency. Experiments with pulsed amplifiers confirm that the mode conversion is free from nonlinearity. Furthermore, chirp pulse amplifier experiments confirm that HOM amplifiers plus axicon mode convertors provide energy scalability in femtosecond pulses, compared to smaller effective area, fundamental mode fiber amplifiers. We also propose and demonstrate a route towards fiber integration of the axicon mode convertor by fabricating axicons directly on the tip of the fiber amplifier end-cap.
Abstract A121: Direct SH2 domain-targeting inhibitors of Stat3: Potent anticancer agents and mitigators of drug resistance. (2011)

Abstract As a master regulator of cell signaling and tumorigenesis, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein has emerged at the forefront of anti-cancer drug development. Abnormal Stat3 activity has been demonstrated in a wide variety of human cancers including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, glioblastoma and cancers of the pancreas, breast, prostate, and ovary. Constitutive Stat3 activation interferes with normal cell cycling and causes the accumulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. This renders malignant cells resistant to naturally occurring apoptotic cues and allows them subject to proliferate rapidly. Cancer cells become reliant on increased levels of Stat3 activity are vulnerable to therapeutic intervention through Stat3 inhibition. In healthy cells, Stat3 activity is transient and non-essential, thus, inhibiting Stat3 presents an avenue for the development of novel cancer therapeutic agents. Our approach involves the interruption of several critical Stat3 functions by occupation of the SH2 domain with small molecule inhibitors. Stat3's SH2 domain is a key component in the Stat3 signaling pathway as it not only facilitates activation of monomeric Stat3 but also moderates the formation of the transcriptionally active Stat3:Stat3 homodimer. Our research groups have conducted a thorough structure-activity relationship on a known Stat3-SH2 domain binder (S3I-201) and have discovered several more potent and more drug-like Stat3 inhibitors. Most recently, we have utilized a tetrapodal scaffold that has allowed more complete occupation of the SH2 domain and resulted in greatly improved binding affinity. These novel compounds effectively displace an SH2 domain-binding peptide probe, prevent Stat3 phosphorylation in cell line models and suppress Stat3 target gene expression at near-nanomolar concentrations. Our latest Stat3 inhibitors are effective across a wide variety of human cancers and exhibit a 10–20-fold improvement in cellular EC50 values over the parent compound, S3I-201. Remarkable activity is observed in mouse xenograft models of human breast cancer where nearly complete inhibition of tumor growth is observed at a dosing of 3 mg/kg daily. Furthermore, recent experiments demonstrate the same potent activity when the drug is administered by oral gavage, with plasma drug concentrations reaching 20 μM. Preliminary investigations have also shown that our lead compounds can re-sensitize malignant cells that are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics agents. We present our newest library of Stat3 inhibitors, which holds great promise in the fight against cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A121.
MagTics (2017)

We present MagTics, a novel flexible and wearable haptic interface based on magnetically actuated bidirectional tactile pixels (taxels). MagTics' thin form factor and flexibility allows for rich haptic feedback in mobile settings. We propose a novel actuation mechanism based on bistable electromagnetic latching that combines high frame rate and holding force with low energy consumption and a soft and flexible form factor. We overcome limitations of traditional soft actuators by placing several hard actuation cells, driven by flexible printed electronics, in a soft 3D printed case. A novel EM-shielding prevents magnet-magnet interactions and allows for high actuator densities. A prototypical implementation comprising of 4 actuated pins on a 1.7 cm pitch, with 2 mm travel, and generating 160 mN to 200 mN of latching force is used to implement a number of compelling application scenarios including adding haptic and tactile display capabilities to wearable devices, to existing input devices and to provide localized haptic feedback in virtual reality. Finally, we report results of a psychophysical study, conducted to inform future developments and to identify possible application domains.
Optical Frequency Discriminator based on Polarization- Maintaining Fiber Bragg Gratings (2020)

A novel, fiber-optic optical frequency discriminator (OFD) based on polarization- maintaining fiber Bragg grating is demonstrated. Bias-free linear frequency discrimination with an efficiency of 3.248 V/nm over ~0.2 nm range is demonstrated by employing polarization-assisted balanced detection.
Bilateral Continuous Automated Distraction Osteogenesis (2015)

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that automated, continuous, curvilinear distraction osteogenesis (DO) in a minipig model is effective when performed bilaterally, at rates up to 3 mm/day, to achieve clinically relevant lengthening. A Yucatan minipig in the mixed dentition phase underwent bilaterally, at a continuous DO at a rate of 2 mm/day at the center of rotation; 1.0 and 3.0 mm/day at the superior and inferior regions, respectively. The distraction period was 13 days with no latency period. Vector and rate of distraction were remotely monitored without radiographs, using the device sensor. After fixation and euthanasia, the mandible and digastric muscles were harvested. The ex vivo appearance, stability, and radiodensity of the regenerate were evaluated using a semiquantitative scale. Percent surface area (PSA) occupied by bone, fibrous tissue, cartilage, and hematoma were calculated using histomorphometrics. The effects of DO on the digastric muscles and mandibular condyles were assessed via microscopy, and degenerative changes were quantified. The animal was distracted to 21 mm and 24 mm on the right and left sides, respectively. Clinical appearance, stability, and radiodensity were scored as "3" bilaterally indicating osseous union. The total PSA occupied by bone (right = 75.53 ± 2.19%; left PSA = 73.11 ± 2.18%) approached that of an unoperated mandible (84.67 ± 0.86%). Digastric muscles and condyles showed negligible degenerative or abnormal histologic changes. This proof of principle study is the first report of osseous healing with no ill-effect on associated soft tissue and the mandibular condyle using bilateral, automated, continuous, and curvilinear DO at rates up to 3 mm/day. The model approximates potential human application of continuous automated distraction with a semiburied device.
Model-based interrelations of adaptive filter algorithms in acoustic echo control (2009)

The design of fast learning and yet robust adaptive filters for acoustic echo control in hands-free voice communication has attracted the research community for decades. This paper presents a fresh and unified view of adaptive filter algorithms in order to change and to generalize some of the previously well-established paradigms. The unified understanding is achieved by introducing state-space dynamical echo path models which also resemble the real world characteristics of hands-free systems.
End-to-end Lyrics Alignment for Polyphonic Music Using an\n Audio-to-Character Recognition Model (2019)

Time-aligned lyrics can enrich the music listening experience by enabling\nkaraoke, text-based song retrieval and intra-song navigation, and other\napplications. Compared to text-to-speech alignment, lyrics alignment remains\nhighly challenging, despite many attempts to combine numerous sub-modules\nincluding vocal separation and detection in an effort to break down the\nproblem. Furthermore, training required fine-grained annotations to be\navailable in some form. Here, we present a novel system based on a modified\nWave-U-Net architecture, which predicts character probabilities directly from\nraw audio using learnt multi-scale representations of the various signal\ncomponents. There are no sub-modules whose interdependencies need to be\noptimized. Our training procedure is designed to work with weak, line-level\nannotations available in the real world. With a mean alignment error of 0.35s\non a standard dataset our system outperforms the state-of-the-art by an order\nof magnitude.\n
The Expanding Role of the BCL6 Oncoprotein as a Cancer Therapeutic Target (2016)

BCL6 was initially discovered as an oncogene in B-cell lymphomas, where it drives the malignant phenotype by repressing proliferation and DNA damage checkpoints and blocking B-cell terminal differentiation. BCL6 mediates its effects by binding to hundreds of target genes and then repressing these genes by recruiting several different chromatin-modifying corepressor complexes. Structural characterization of BCL6-corepressor complexes suggested that BCL6 might be a druggable target. Accordingly, a number of compounds have been designed to bind to BCL6 and block corepressor recruitment. These compounds, based on peptide or small-molecule scaffolds, can potently block BCL6 repression of target genes and kill lymphoma cells. In the case of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), BCL6 inhibitors are equally effective in suppressing both the germinal center B-cell (GCB)- and the more aggressive activated B-cell (ABC)-DLBCL subtypes, both of which require BCL6 to maintain their survival. In addition, BCL6 is implicated in an expanding scope of hematologic and solid tumors. These include, but are not limited to, B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. BCL6 inhibitors have been shown to exert potent effects against these tumor types. Moreover, mechanism-based combinations of BCL6 inhibitors with other agents have yielded synergistic and often quite dramatic activity. Hence, there is a compelling case to accelerate the development of BCL6-targeted therapies for translation to the clinical setting. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 885-93. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Receptor Antagonists (1995)

Receptor antagonists of the endogenous peptide CCK have potential therapeutic utility for the treatment of a number of gastrointestinal and central nervous system disorders. This article reviews recent developments in the general area of CCK receptor/ligand research. Particular emphasis is placed on the potent, selective, orally active nonpeptide antagonists. Important aspects of the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of these agents are described. Recent advances in CCK receptor molecular biology which are providing information on ligand-receptor interactions are discussed.
Phage lytic proteins: biotechnological applications beyond clinical antimicrobials (2015)

Most bacteriophages encode two types of cell wall lytic proteins: endolysins (lysins) and virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases. Both enzymes have the ability to degrade the peptidoglycan of Gram-positive bacteria resulting in cell lysis when they are applied externally. Bacteriophage lytic proteins have a demonstrated potential in treating animal models of infectious diseases. There has also been an increase in the study of these lytic proteins for their application in areas such as food safety, pathogen detection/diagnosis, surfaces disinfection, vaccine development and nanotechnology. This review summarizes the more recent developments, outlines the full potential of these proteins to develop new biotechnological tools and discusses the feasibility of these proposals.
Nonpolar (11&1macr;0)a-Plane Gallium Nitride Thin Films Grown on (1&1macr;02)r-Plane Sapphire: Heteroepitaxy and Lateral Overgrowth (2002)

Nonpolar (110) a-plane GaN films with planar surfaces were grown on (102) r-plane sapphire substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition by depositing a low temperature nucleation layer prior to the high temperature epitaxial growth. The film/substrate epitaxial relationship was defined by X-ray diffraction measurements to be [0001]GaN ∥ [101]sapphire and [100]GaN ∥ [110]sapphire while the polarity of the GaN c-axis was confirmed using convergent beam electron diffraction. The film morphology and microstructure were studied using atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Threading dislocations (TDs), which dominated the heteroepitaxial a-plane GaN microstructure (density ∼2.6 × 1010 cm—2), were reduced via lateral epitaxial overgrowth from mask stripe openings. The overgrowth from stripes aligned along [100] was dislocation-free, as observed using TEM and cathodoluminescence, and dependent upon crystal polarity. For all other stripe orientations, TDs were observed to propagate into the overgrown regions.
Low-transient intermediate-band crystal filters (1975)

A general technique for obtaining intermediate-band crystal filters from prototype low-pass (LP) networks which are neither symmetric nor antimetric is presented. This immediately enables us to now realize the class of low-transient responses. The bandpass (BP) filter appears as a cascade of symmetric lattice sections, obtained by partitioning the LP prototype filter, inserting constant reactances where necessary, and then applying the LP to BP frequency transformation.
Thymosins beta 8 and beta 9: two new peptides isolated from calf thymus homologous to thymosin beta 4. (1982)

Two new peptides, designated thymosin beta 8 and thymosin beta 9, respectively, have been isolated and their amino acid sequences established. Thymosin beta 8, isolated from calf thymus fraction 5, has a mass of 4518 daltons and contains 39 amino acid residues, of which 31 are identical to the corresponding amino acid residues in thymosin beta 4 isolated from the same source. The NH2 terminus of thymosin beta 8 is acetylalanine, compared with acetylserine in thymosin beta 4. Thymosin beta 9, isolated from fresh-frozen calf thymus by a procedure that minimizes proteolysis, is identical to thymosin beta 8 except for the presence of an additional dipeptide, -Ala-LysOH, at the COOH terminus. It has a mass of 4717 daltons and 32 of its 41 amino acids are identical to those of thymosin beta 4. The similarity in structures of thymosin beta 4 and thymosin beta 9 suggests that they may have related functions.
Design, Synthesis, and Performance of a Carbon Nanotube/Metal Foil Thermal Interface Material (2007)

The thermal performance of an interface material comprised of a metal foil with dense, vertically oriented carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays synthesized on both of its surfaces is characterized for rough and smooth interfaces. The CNT/foil deforms in the interfaces by two mechanisms, CNT deformation and foil deformation, that may significantly increase the number of CNT contact spots on both sides of the foil. As a result, the thermal conduction at the CNT-array-free-tip interfaces is greatly increased from previous measurements.