gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stored Guthrie cards as DNA "banks". (1994)

Recently there has been much discussion about the possibility of using dried blood spots on Guthrie cards as a source of DNA for research or testing purposes. The collections of Guthrie cards stored by state newborn-screening laboratories can thus be viewed as inchoate "DNA banks." This has generated concern among some persons who are interested in preserving the privacy of medical records. This study examines the policies of state newborn-screening laboratories in the United States, regarding their retention of Guthrie cards and the degree to which they permit the sharing of those cards with various third parties. We found that although most laboratories retain their cards, if at all, for only a short time, a growing number plan to keep them for an extended period--and, in several cases, indefinitely. We also found that although most laboratories would decline to release individually identifiable blood spots from the cards to third parties without a written release or other explicit authorization, a large number would at least consider sharing anonymous cards for research purposes.
Go Ahead: A Partial Reconfiguration Framework (2012)

Exploiting the benefits of partial run-time reconfiguration requires efficient tools. In this paper, we introduce the tool Go Ahead that is able to implement run-time reconfigurable systems for all recent Xilinx FPGAs. This includes in particular support for low cost and low power Spartan-6 FPGAs. Go Ahead assists during floor planning and automates the constraint generation. It interacts with the Xilinx vendor tools and triggers the physical implementation phases all the way down to the final configuration bit streams. Go Ahead enables the building of flexible systems for integrating many reconfigurable modules very efficiently into a system. The tool targets (re)usability, portability to future devices, and migration paths among reconfigurable systems featuring different FPGAs or even FPGA families. Moreover, it provides a scripting interface and all features can be accessed remotely.
RTP Payload Format for AC-3 Audio (2005)

This document describes an RTP payload format for transporting audio
data using the AC-3 audio compression standard. AC-3 is a high
quality, multichannel audio coding system that is used for United
States HDTV, DVD, cable television, satellite television and other
media. The RTP payload format presented in this document includes
support for data fragmentation. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Comparative Virtual and Experimental High-Throughput Screening for Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibitors (2005)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) is a serine/threonine kinase that has recently emerged as a key target for neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. As an initial step of our lead discovery program, we developed a virtual screen to discriminate known GSK-3beta inhibitors and inactive compounds using FlexX, FlexX-Pharm, and FlexE. The maximal enrichment factor (EF = 28) suggests that our protocol identifies potential GSK-3beta inhibitors effectively from large compound collections. The effectiveness of our screening protocol was further investigated by comparative experimental and virtual high-throughput screens (HTSs) performed for the same subset of our corporate library. Enrichment factors, the significantly higher hit rate of virtual screening (12.9%) than that of the HTS (0.55%), and also the comparison of active clusters suggest that our virtual screening protocol is an effective tool in GSK-3beta-based library focusing. Head-to-head comparison of true/false positives and negatives revealed the two approaches to be complementary rather than competitive.
Hand Gesture Recognition Using an Android Device (2014)

In the field of image processing it is very interesting to recognize the human gesture for general life applications. Gesture recognition is a growing field of research among various human computer interactions, hand gesture recognition is very popular for interacting between human and machines. It is nonverbal way of communication and this research area is full of innovative approaches. This paper aims at recognizing 40 basic hand gestures. The main features used are centroid in the hand, presence of thumb and number of peaks in the hand gesture. That is the algorithm is based on shape based features by keeping in mind that shape of human hand is same for all human beings except in some situations. The recognition approach used in this paper is artificial neural network among back propagation algorithm. This approach can be adapted to real time system very easily. In this paper for image acquisition android camera is used, after that frames are send to the server and edge detection of the video is done which is followed by thinning that reduce the noise, tokens are being created from thinning image after tokens are fetched. The paper briefly describes the schemes of capturing the image from android device, image detection, processing the image to recognize the gestures as well as few results.
Molecular level alignment at organic semiconductor-metal interfaces (1998)

In order to clarify the electronic structure of metal-molecular semiconductor contacts, we use photoemission spectroscopy to investigate the energetics of interfaces formed by vacuum deposition of four different molecular thin films on various metals. We find that the interface electron and hole barriers are not simply defined by the difference between the work functions of the metals and organic solids. The range of interface Fermi level positions is material dependent and dipole barriers are present at all these interfaces. The results demonstrate the breakdown of the vacuum level alignment rule at interfaces between these organic molecular solids and metals.
Regulation of the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) by the Short Palate, Lung, and Nasal Epithelial Clone (SPLUNC1) (2019)

The airways rely on mucociliary clearance (MCC) to remove inhaled particulates. Initiating events in chronic airway diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF), have been traced back to the failure of a critical MCC component, ion transport. Specifically, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is known to be hyperabsorptive in CF airway epithelia and contributes to dehydrated airway surface liquid (ASL), collapsed cilia, and high percent solid mucus. Recently, proteolytic cleavage and activation of ENaC has been described and SPLUNC1 was identified as an endogenous inhibitor of ENaC activation. Here, we demonstrate SPLUNC1's ability to reduce macroscopic current and specifically the number of channels of membrane-inserted ENaCs. This work also identifies the active site of SPLUNC1 and provides evidence for a functional SPLUNC1 mimetic peptide. Further, as nonfunctional CFTR influences abnormal bicarbonate secretion and thus CF ASL pH, we correlated the loss of SPLUNC1's function in CF airways to this acidic environment.
A topological-directional model for the spatio-temporal composition of video objects (2002)

A key characteristic of video data is their associated spatial and temporal semantics. It is therefore important that a video model, does not only model the characteristics of objects but also their relationships in time and space. In view of this, the purpose of our work is to design a model for the specification of the spatio-temporal relationships among objects in video sequences. The model does not only describe the spatial relationships among objects for each frame in a given video scene, but also the temporal relations of the spatial relationships for each frame in terms of the relations between two temporal intervals. Subsequently it models the temporal composition of an object, which reflects the evolution of object spatial relationships over the subsequent frames in the video segment, as well as in the whole video sequence. In addition to the spatio-temporal relationships our model also provides an effective and expressive way for the complete and precise representation of distances among objects in digital video. This model is a basis for the annotation of raw video.
Thermal effects in suspended RF spiral inductors (2005)

Self-heating effects on integrated suspended and bulk spiral inductors are explored. A dc current is fed through the inductors during measurement to emulate dc and radio frequency power loss on the inductor. A considerable drop in Q by /spl sim/18% at 36.5 mW is observed for suspended coils with 3-μm aluminum metallization compared to reference inductors on bulk-Si. Simulations in Ansoft's ePhysics indicate that, due to the thermal isolation of the suspended coil, the power loss from resistive self-heating in the metal has to be transferred outwards through the metal turns. This also results in a thermal time constant. This time constant is measured to be /spl sim/10 ms, meaning that it can affect power circuits operating in pulsed mode.
Neuraminidase Inhibitor-Resistant Influenza Viruses May Differ Substantially in Fitness and Transmissibility (2005)

Mutations of the conserved residues of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) that are associated with NA inhibitor (NAI) resistance decrease the sialidase activity and/or stability of the NA, thus compromising viral fitness. In fact, clinically derived NAI-resistant variants with different NA mutations have shown different transmissibilities in ferrets (M. L. Herlocher, R. Truscon, S. Elias, H. Yen, N. A. Roberts, S. E. Ohmit, and A. S. Monto, J. Infect. Dis. 190:1627-1630, 2004). Molecular characterization of mutant viruses that have a homogeneous genetic background is required to determine the effect of single mutations at conserved NA residues. We generated recombinant viruses containing either the wild-type NA (RG WT virus) or a single amino acid change at NA residue 119 (RG E119V-NA virus) or 292 (RG R292K-NA virus) in the A/Wuhan/359/95 (H3N2) influenza virus background by reverse genetics. Both mutants showed decreased sensitivity to oseltamivir carboxylate, and the RG R292K-NA virus showed cross-resistance to zanamivir. We also observed differences between the two mutants in NA enzymatic activity and thermostability. The R292K mutation caused greater reduction of sialidase activity and thermostability than the E119V mutation. The NA defect caused by the R292K mutation was associated with compromised growth and transmissibility, whereas the growth and transmissibility of the RG E119V-NA virus were comparable to those of RG WT virus. Our results suggest that NAI-resistant influenza virus variants may differ substantially in fitness and transmissibility, depending on different levels of NA functional loss.
Enhancement and Recovery in Atomic Force Microscopy Images (2012)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images have become increasingly useful in the study of biological, chemical, and physical processes at the atomic level. The acquisition of AFM images takes more time than the acquisition of most optical images, so that the avoidance of unnecessary scanning becomes important. Details that are unclear from a scan may be enhanced using various image processing techniques. This chapter reviews various interpolation and inpainting methods and considers them in the specific application of AFM images. Lower-resolution AFM data is simulated by subsampling the number of scan lines in an image, and reconstruction methods are used to recreate an image on the original domain. The methods considered are classified in the categories of linear interpolation, nonlinear interpolation, and inpainting. These techniques are evaluated based on qualitative and quantitative measures, showing the extent to which scan times can be reduced while preserving the essence of the original features. A further application is in the removal of streaks, which can occur due to scanning errors and post-processing corrections. Identified streaks are removed, and the resulting unknown region is filled using inpainting.
Effects of Zr substitution on structure and thermoelectric properties of Bi2O2Se (2022)

In this study, the facile synthesis method of Bi2−xZrxO2Se (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) ceramics using a combining the high-energy ball milling and cold pressing was reported. The effects of zirconium (Zr) doping on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Bi2O2Se were systematically investigated. The results indicate that the powder samples were synthesized as a single phase with no impurities. With increasing Zr content, conductivity increased from 13.49 S to 34.91 S cm−1 at 773 K. The thermal conductivity of Bi1.98Zr0.02O2Se was also reduced to 0.51 W m−1 K−1. The maximum power factor (PF) value of the Bi1.96Zr0.04O2Se sample was 186 μW m−1 K−2 at 773 K. A peak ZT of around 0.27 was achieved for the Bi1.96Zr0.04O2Se sample, which is approximately 2.4 times greater than that of un-doped one (∼0.11). The results indicate that Zr-doping significantly improves the thermoelectric properties of the Bi2O2Se system.
Simultaneous wideband radio-frequency self-interference cancellation and frequency downconversion for in-band full-duplex radio-over-fiber systems (2018)

A photonic approach for simultaneous wideband radio-frequency (RF) self-interference cancellation and frequency downconversion in an in-band full-duplex radio-over-fiber system is proposed based on a dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator. The upper dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) in the DP-QPSK modulator is used to cancel the self-interference directly in the optical domain and generate two sidebands of the desired RF signal, whereas the lower DP-MZM generates two sidebands of the local oscillator. After detecting the combined optical signal at a photodetector, the desired RF signal is downconverted to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal with the self-interference cancelled. The proposed approach can overcome the reappearance of the interference signal and the power fading effect of the received signal caused by fiber dispersion. An experiment is performed. The cancellation depth for single frequency interference cancellation is around 58 dB, whereas that for the wideband interference cancellation is larger than 25 dB. The fading effect of the proposed IF transmission system is also evaluated compared with the traditional RF transmission system.
3 Salt Selection for Pharmaceutical Compounds (2008)

It has been estimated that 40% of new drug molecules suffer from poor aqueous solubility. In polar compounds, low solubility may be due to strong intermolecular electrostatic attraction and/or hydrogen bonding, while the low aqueous solubility of hydrophobic and lipophilic compounds is usually attributed to an unfavorable free energy of solvation by water. In the case of hydrophobic compounds, these may additionally be poorly soluble in oils, which may make formulation much more challenging than for lipophilic compounds, which may be solubilized by oily vehicles. If a drug molecule possesses an ionizable group, one way of improving the aqueous solubility of polar, hydrophobic, or lipophilic compounds is by salt formation. In some cases such as in taste masking, for controlled release, to improve chemical stability, or lymphatic targeting, it may be desirable to decrease the aqueous solubility. Judicious choice of the proper counterion can help accomplish these goals.
The Devil and the Land of the Holy Cross: Witchcraft, Slavery and Popular Religion in Colonial Brazil (2004)

Book review of The Devil and the Land of the Holy Cross: Witchcraft, Slavery and Popular Religion in Colonial Brazil. Laura de Mello e Souza. Translated by Diane Grosklaus Whitty. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003. xxiii + 350 pp., tables, notes, glossary, bibliography, index. ISBN 0-292-7023601.
Reflecting health: smart mirrors for personalized medicine (2018)

Inexpensive embedded computing and the related Internet of Things technologies enable the recent development of smart products that can respond to human needs and improve everyday tasks in an attempt to make traditional environments more "intelligent". Several projects have augmented mirrors for a range of smarter applications in automobiles and homes. The opportunity to apply smart mirror technology to healthcare to predict and to monitor aspects of health and disease is a natural but mostly underdeveloped idea. We envision that smart mirrors comprising a combination of intelligent hardware and software could identify subtle, yet clinically relevant changes in physique and appearance. Similarly, a smart mirror could record and evaluate body position and motion to identify posture and movement issues, as well as offer feedback for corrective actions. Successful development and implementation of smart mirrors for healthcare applications will require overcoming new challenges in engineering, machine learning, computer vision, and biomedical research. This paper examines the potential uses of smart mirrors in healthcare and explores how this technology might benefit users in various medical environments. We also provide a brief description of the state-of-the-art, including a functional prototype concept developed by our group, and highlight the directions to make this device more mainstream in health-related applications.
Building problem solvers (1993)

From the Publisher:
For nearly two decades, Kenneth Forbus and Johan de Kleer have accumulated a substantial body of knowledge about the principles and practice of creating problem solvers. In some cases they are the inventors of the ideas or techniques described, and in others, participants in their development. Building Problem Solvers communicates this knowledge in a focused, cohesive manner. It is unique among standard artificial intelligence texts in combining science and engineering, theory and craft to describe the construction of AI reasoning systems, and it includes code illustrating the ideas. After working through Building Problem Solvers, readers should have a deep understanding of pattern directed inference systems, constraint languages, and truth-maintenance systems. The diligent reader will have worked through several substantial examples, including systems that perform symbolic algebra, natural deduction, resolution, qualitative reasoning, planning, diagnosis, scene analysis, and temporal reasoning. Along the way Forbus and de Kleer teach the art of building robust AI software. They begin with simple examples such as search programs, and move to more complex cases on the cutting edge of AI techniques, such as model-based diagnosis systems and a qualitative reasoner. This software has been tested and used extensively by graduate students and programmers in industry. Although Building Problem Solvers is designed primarily as a text for advanced AI classes or AI programming classes, it can be used by researchers in universities and industrial laboratories who want to apply these techniques in their work, and by programmers who want to incorporate these ideas in their applications.
A Taxonomy of Cloud Attack Consequences and Mitigation Strategies: The Role of Access Control and Privileged Access Management (2015)

Cloud services are now used by many organizations for the computation and storage of both public and sensitive data. Organizations expect that the data stored on clouds will be reasonably protected in terms of confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA). In this paper, we review the cloud security literature to determine key contemporary attack consequences and mitigation strategies in the cloud environment. We categorize the consequences and mitigation strategies using the people, process and technology (PPT) and CIA classifications. We then construct a taxonomy of consequences and mitigation strategies, and use the themes discovered to present a conceptual privileged access management architecture.
Kaviar: an accessible system for testing SNV novelty (2011)

With the rapidly expanding availability of data from personal genomes, exomes and transcriptomes, medical researchers will frequently need to test whether observed genomic variants are novel or known. This task requires downloading and handling large and diverse datasets from a variety of sources, and processing them with bioinformatics tools and pipelines. Alternatively, researchers can upload data to online tools, which may conflict with privacy requirements. We present here Kaviar, a tool that greatly simplifies the assessment of novel variants. Kaviar includes: (i) an integrated and growing database of genomic variation from diverse sources, including over 55 million variants from personal genomes, family genomes, transcriptomes, SNV databases and population surveys; and (ii) software for querying the database efficiently.
The preparation of some fused isothiazole derivatives (1985)

The treatment of di(2-amino-5-methylphenyl)methane with N-sulfinylmethanesulfonamide gives two materials, 3-(2-amino-5-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-2,1-benzisothiazole and what appears to be its tautomer, a 2,1-benzisothiazolo[2,3-b]-2,1-benzisothiazole derivative. Reaction of the former with methyl iodide gives mono-, di-, and trimethyl derivatives. The second of these also possesses the symmetrical 2,1-benzisothiazolo[2,3-b]-2,1-benztsothiazole structure. The structure of the other methylation product and of the acetylation products are discussed. Some 1,2-dithiol-3-ylidene-2-pyridylmethanes were made by condensation of 3-alkylthio-1,2-dithiolium salts with methyl 2-pyridylacetate. These demonstrate little sulphur–nitrogen interaction. 3-Methylthio-4-phenyl-1,2-dithiolium iodide reacts anomalously with methyl 2-pyridylacetate to form a quinolizinethione. 1,2-Benzisothiazolo[2,3-a]pyridintum triiodide was made by iodine oxidation of 2-(2-mercaptophenylpyridine).
Web science (2012)

This paper discusses the role and place of Web Science in the computing disciplines. It provides an account of work which has been established towards defining an initial curriculum for Web Science. It presents and analyses plans for future curriculum developments utilizing novel methods to support and elaborate curriculum definition and review. The findings of a desk survey of Web Science education are presented. The paper then recommends future activities which may help determine whether we should expand the notion of computer science.
Classifying large data sets using SVMs with hierarchical clusters (2003)

Support vector machines (SVMs) have been promising methods for classification and regression analysis because of their solid mathematical foundations which convery several salient properties that other methods hardly provide. However, despite the prominent properties of SVMs, they are not as favored for large-scale data mining as for pattern recognition or machine learning because the training complexity of SVMs is highly dependent on the size of a data set. Many real-world data mining applications involve millions or billions of data records where even multiple scans of the entire data are too expensive to perform. This paper presents a new method, Clustering-Based SVM (CB-SVM), which is specifically designed for handling very large data sets. CB-SVM applies a hierarchical micro-clustering algorithm that scans the entire data set only once to provide an SVM with high quality samples that carry the statistical summaries of the data such that the summaries maximize the benefit of learning the SVM. CB-SVM tries to generate the best SVM boundary for very large data sets given limited amount of resources. Our experiments on synthetic and real data sets show that CB-SVM is highly scalable for very large data sets while also generating high classification accuracy.