gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polar Ferromagnet Induced by Fluorine Positioning in Isomeric Layered Copper Halide Perovskites (2022)

We present the influence of positional isomerism on the crystal structure of fluorobenzylammonium copper(II) chloride perovskites A<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> by incorporating <i>ortho-</i>, <i>meta</i>-, and <i>para</i>-fluorine substitution in the benzylamine structure. Two-dimensional (2D) polar ferromagnet (3-FbaH)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> (3-FbaH<sup>+</sup> = 3-fluorobenzylammonium) is successfully obtained, which crystallizes in a polar orthorhombic space group <i>Pca</i>2<sub>1</sub> at room temperature. In contrast, both (2-FbaH)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> (2-FbaH<sup>+</sup> = 2-fluorobenzylammonium) and (4-FbaH)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> (4-FbaH<sup>+</sup> = 4-fluorobenzylammonium) crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups <i>P</i>2<sub>1</sub>/<i>c</i> and <i>Pnma</i> at room temperature, respectively, displaying significant differences in crystal structures. These differences indicate that the position of the fluorine atom is a driver for the polar behavior in (3-FbaH)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub>. Preliminary magnetic measurements confirm that these three perovskites possess dominant ferromagnetic interactions within the inorganic [CuCl<sub>4</sub>]<sub>∞</sub> layers. Therefore, (3-FbaH)<sub>2</sub>CuCl<sub>4</sub> is a polar ferromagnet, with potential as a type I multiferroic. This work is expected to promote further development of high-performance 2D copper(II) halide perovskite multiferroic materials.
Urokinase-induced activation of the gp130/Tyk2/Stat3 pathway mediates a pro-inflammatory effect in human mesangial cells via expression of the anaphylatoxin C5a receptor (2005)

Glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) are central to the pathogenesis of progressive glomeruli-associated renal diseases. However, molecular mechanisms underlying changes in MC functions still remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in MCs, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) induces, via its specific receptor (uPAR, CD87), upregulated expression of the complement anaphylatoxin C5a receptor (C5aR, CD88), and modulates C5a-dependent functional responses. This effect is mediated via the interaction of the uPA-specific receptor (uPAR, CD87) and gp130, a signal transducing subunit of the receptor complexes for the IL-6 cytokine family. The Janus kinase Tyk2 and the transcription factor Stat3 serve as downstream components in the signaling cascade resulting in upregulation of C5aR expression. In vivo, expression of C5aR and uPAR was increased in the mesangium of wild-type mice in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of inflammation, whereas in uPAR(-/-) animals C5aR expression remained unchanged. This is the first demonstration in vitro and in vivo that uPA acts in MCs as a modulator of immune responses via control of immune-competent receptors. The data suggest a novel role for uPA/uPAR in glomeruli-associated renal failure via a signaling cross-talk between the fibrinolytic and immune systems.
[Surgical management of dumbbell-shaped trigeminal neurinomas]. (2002)

The best microsurgical approach for the removal of DSTNs is epiduro-transduro-transtentorial approach via skull-base craniotomy. It is not necessary to resect the petrous apex.
Oxidative Stress and Platelets (2008)

Platelet-dependent thrombus formation may be influenced by alteration of platelet or vascular redox state, the presence of endogenous or exogenous antioxidants, as well as the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Specifically, settings and pathways that influence the formation of superoxide and nitric oxide, as well as their metabolism, may influence platelet function and thrombus formation. Although some antioxidant regimens have been associated with bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke, the therapeutic value of antioxidants in clinical syndromes that lead to platelet-dependent thrombosis is not clear, as supplemental antioxidants have not been generally associated with better cardiovascular outcome.
Optimized Beamforming Calibration in the Presence of Array Imperfections (2007)

For arrays with position and channel errors the calibration becomes very crucial. In the traditional calibration methods one can choose between an optimal SNR and a beam pattern with low side lobes. In this paper we formulate a beam pattern synthesis method which optimize the trade-off between the two criteria. A classical problem with position errors in an array, is that it is difficult to get low side lobes over the whole side lobe region, since the position errors give rise to direction dependent errors. In this paper this problem is solved by using local (direction dependent) correction matrices in the beam pattern optimization. The new way of using local correction matrices leads to the lowest possible uniform side lobe level, for the chosen SNR, beamwidth and beam pointing direction.
A Request-level Guaranteed Delivery Advertising Planning (2020)

The guaranteed delivery model is widely used in online advertising. The publisher sells impressions in advance by promising to serve each advertiser an agreed-upon number of target impressions that satisfy specific attribute requirements over a fixed time period. Previous efforts usually model the service as a crowd-level or user-level supply allocation problem and focus on searching optimal allocation for online serving, assuming that forecasts of supply are available and contracts are already signed. Existing techniques are not sufficient to meet the needs of today's industry trends: 1) advertisers pursue more precise targeting, which requires not only user-level attributes but also request-level attributes; 2) users prefer more friendly ad serving, which imposes more diverse serving constraints; 3) the bottleneck of the publisher's revenue growth lies in not only the ad serving, but also the forecast accuracy and sales strategy. These issues are non-trivial to address, since the scale of the request-level model is orders of magnitude larger than that of the crowd-level or user-level models. Facing the challenges, we present a holistic design of a request-level guaranteed delivery advertising planning system with careful optimization for all three critical components including impression forecasting, selling and serving. Our system has been deployed in the Tencent online guaranteed delivery advertising system serving billion level users for nearly one year. Evaluations on large-scale real data and the performance of the deployed system both demonstrate that our design can significantly increase the request-level impression forecast accuracy and delivery rate.
<i>T</i><sub>1ρ</sub>‐relaxation in articular cartilage: Effects of enzymatic degradation (1997)

Spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1rho) dispersion spectroscopy and imaging were used to study normal and enzymatically degraded bovine articular cartilage. Normal specimens demonstrate significant T1rho "dispersion" (approximately 60 to approximately 130 ms) in the 100 Hz to 9 kHz frequency range. Proteoglycan-degraded specimens have 33% greater T1rho values than collagen-degraded or normal samples. T1rho-weighted images reveal structure not found in conventional T1- or T2-weighted images. Our results suggest that T1rho measurements are selectively sensitive to proteoglycan content. The potential of this method in distinguishing the early degenerative changes in cartilage associated with osteoarthritis is discussed.
Correction - Enzymatic Activity of Chymotrypsin and Its Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Conjugates Toward Low and High Molecular Weight Substrates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCorrection - Enzymatic Activity of Chymotrypsin and Its Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Conjugates Toward Low and High Molecular Weight SubstratesHsin-Cheng Chiu, Samuel Zalipsky, Pavla Kopeckova, and Jindrich KopecekCite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 1993, 4, 5, 410Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online30 October 2003Published inissue 1 September 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00023a601RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (62 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometric Study on the Direct Organocatalytic α‐Halogenation of Aldehydes (2007)

Halide effects: A mechanistic study on the L-prolineamide-catalyzed α-halogenation of butanal 1 by ESI-MS has enabled the direct detection of the most important intermediates in the catalysis cycle, including the reactive NCl intermediate (T2 in scheme). In contrast, the reaction with N-bromo- and N-iodosuccinimide occurs by direct C halogenation. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z700266_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ROBUST SPATIAL ESTIMATION OF THE SIGNAL-TO-INTERFERENCE RATIO (SIR) FOR NON-STATIONARY MIXTURES (2003)

The proposed paper deals with the robust estimation of frequency-dependent signal-to-interference ratios (SIRs) and spatial coherence functions in the DFT domain for non-stationary wideband signals. It can be used to realize, e.g., optimum adaptive beamformers or can be used as a confldence measure in combination with automatic speech recognition in noisy environments.
Interleukin-12 is indispensable for protective immunity against Leishmania major (1997)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12)-deficient mice derived from a strain genetically resistant to infection with Leishmania major were recently shown to be susceptible toward this parasite, developing a strong Th2 response after injection of a large number of parasites. We further investigated the role of IL-12 in L. major infection by studying the responses of mutant mice against smaller numbers of parasites. IL-12-deficient mice infected with only small numbers of parasites showed the progressive lesion development and high parasite burden associated with a polarized Th2 response. Our data show that IL-12 is indispensable for protective immunity against L. major. Even at low inocula, no salvage pathway appears to compensate for the lack of IL-12. However, genetically susceptible BALB/c mice infected with small numbers of parasites were able to resolve lesions and restrict the parasite burden to levels which were 10(5)-fold lower than those in IL-12-deficient mice. In contrast to mutant mice, BALB/c mice mounted a type 1 response against low inocula of L. major. IL-12-deficient BALB/c mice, however, developed a type 2 response. These data emphasize the essential role of IL-12 in resistance against L. major. In addition, this study suggests that in the absence of IL-12, susceptibility to L. major is determined by the inability to induce a Th1 response rather than the development of a Th2 response. Our results are relevant for potential vaccination strategies that use low inocula of infective microorganisms which fail to induce a protective type 1 response at higher inocula.
Quantitative assessment of a haze suppression methodology for satellite imagery: effect on land cover classification performance (2003)

A number of haze removal methods for satellite imagery have been described in the literature, but few papers have quantified their effectiveness within the context of a postprocessing applications scenario. The haze optimized transform (HOT) approach for visible-band correction is described, and its impact on classification performance is evaluated. Assessment is conducted at three levels: radiometric level of accuracy, improvement in interclass separability, and classification accuracy. Results obtained from hazy scenes and their dehazed counterparts are compared with those from reference or "benchmark" clear scenes. Radiometric analyses of pseudoinvariant features (dense forest stands) indicate that effective haze reduction can be realized for differential HOT response levels of up to 20 for Landsat Thematic Mapper scenes. This level of atmospheric contamination is severe enough to result in significant thematic class confusion, wherein visible-band radiances of vegetated areas are at levels normally associated with urban features under clear sky conditions.
A New Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfones (1984)

Synthese par reaction des acides p-toluene- et benzene-sulfoniques avec des arenes dans l'acide polyphosphorique
Pourquoi les Pygmées n’ont pas de culture ? (1989)

Boyer Pascal. Pourquoi les Pygmées n’ont pas de culture ?. In: Gradhiva : revue d'histoire et d'archives de l'anthropologie, n°7, 1989. pp. 3-17.
High-Dose Estrogen Induces De Novo Medullary Bone Formation in Female Mice (1999)

It is well recognized that, in the mouse, high-dose estrogen induces sclerosis within the shaft of long bones, an action that is largely thought to reflect increased osteoblastic cellular activity. We undertook to characterize this response in more detail, by performing a histologic analysis of the early changes induced by high-dose estrogen in the tibial cavity of young intact female mice. Female mice were sacrificed immediately before or 4, 8, 12, or 24 days after commencing subcutaneous injections of 17beta-estradiol (500 microg/animal/week), and longitudinal tibial sections were subsequently examined. Estrogen was found to cause a rapid gain in cancellous bone, with cancellous bone volume increasing by approximately 50% after 8 days, and by 5-fold after 24 days. Analysis of cancellous double-labeled surfaces revealed that this gain in bone reflected the emergence of new cancellous bone formation sites within the medullary cavity, rather than the reactivation and extension of formation over pre-existing bone surfaces. Comparison of the time course of these changes between proximal and distal regions of the proximal tibial metaphysis suggested that these new cancellous formation sites appear as a rapid wave extending distally from the secondary spongiosa. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immunocytochemistry revealed that, by 12 days after estrogen administration, a population of strongly ALP positive cells had appeared throughout the marrow cavity. We conclude that, at the proximal tibial metaphysis of female mice, estrogen-induced medullary sclerosis largely reflects a process of de novo medullary bone formation, possibly mediated by the generation of osteoblasts from bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells.
Designing Automated, High-throughput, Continuous Cell Growth Experiments Using eVOLVER (2019)

Continuous culture methods enable cells to be grown under quantitatively controlled environmental conditions, and are thus broadly useful for measuring fitness phenotypes and improving our understanding of how genotypes are shaped by selection. Extensive recent efforts to develop and apply niche continuous culture devices have revealed the benefits of conducting new forms of cell culture control. This includes defining custom selection pressures and increasing throughput for studies ranging from long-term experimental evolution to genome-wide library selections and synthetic gene circuit characterization. The eVOLVER platform was recently developed to meet this growing demand: a continuous culture platform with a high degree of scalability, flexibility, and automation. eVOLVER provides a single standardizing platform that can be (re)-configured and scaled with minimal effort to perform many different types of high-throughput or multi-dimensional growth selection experiments. Here, a protocol is presented to provide users of the eVOLVER framework a description for configuring the system to conduct a custom, large-scale continuous growth experiment. Specifically, the protocol guides users on how to program the system to multiplex two selection pressures - temperature and osmolarity - across many eVOLVER vials in order to quantify fitness landscapes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants at fine resolution. We show how the device can be configured both programmatically, through its open-source web-based software, and physically, by arranging fluidic and hardware layouts. The process of physically setting up the device, programming the culture routine, monitoring and interacting with the experiment in real-time over the internet, sampling vials for subsequent offline analysis, and post experiment data analysis are detailed. This should serve as a starting point for researchers across diverse disciplines to apply eVOLVER in the design of their own complex and high-throughput cell growth experiments to study and manipulate biological systems.
The immune response induced by hepatitis B virus principal antigens. (2006)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurs primarily in hepatocytes in the liver with release of infectious virions and non-infectious empty surface antigen particles into the bloodstream. HBV replication is non-cytopathic. Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often life-long. Chronic infections can lead to liver failure with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is generally accepted that neutralizing anti-HBs antibodies plays a key role in recovery from HBV infection by containing the spread of infection in the infected host and facilitating the removal and destruction of viral particles. However, the immune response initiated by the T-cell response to viral antigens is also important for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis in HBV infection. The three structural forms of the viral proteins, the HBsAg, the particulate HBcAg, and the nonparticulate HBeAg, may preferentially elicit different Th cell subsets. The different IgG subclass profiles of anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HBe in different HBV infection status were revealed. Moreover, the different IgG subclass profiles in chronic carriers did not change with different ALT and AST levels and may reflect the difference between stimulating antigens, immune response, and the stages of viral disease and provide the basis for the use of vaccines and prophylactic treatments for individuals at high risk of human HBV infection. This review elucidates the detailed understanding of the immune responses induced during transient and persistent infection, and the development of immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis in patients with HBV infection, and possible means of reducing the liver damage.
IDUP and SPKM: developing public-key-based APIs and mechanisms for communication security services (2002)

In this paper we discuss progress in the development of application program interfaces (APIs) and mechanisms which provide a comprehensive set of security services to application developers. The APIs, though similar, are designed for distinct environments: the session API ("GSS") is aimed at the on-line real-time messaging environment; the store-and-forward API ("IDUP") is particularly suited to electronic-mail types of environments (where messages are secured independently of any an-line communication with intended recipients of those messages). Both APIs are designed to be easy to use, yet with appropriate public-key-based mechanisms (such as SPKM and PIM) include many necessary services for communication security, such as data origin authentication, data confidentiality, data integrity, and support for non-repudiation. A full key management and certification infrastructure can be provided by implementations of these APIs/mechanisms in a way which is completely transparent to the calling application thus ensuring maximum flexibility and scalability to future environments.
Faulkner＇ s Myth and the “Peculiar Institution”： Shaping Yoknapatawpha (2005)

During the 1930s, Faulkner made radical adjustments in the shaping of his mythical Yoknapatawpha country to accommodate his deepening understanding of America's ″peculiar institution.″ That peculiar institution, of course, was slavery, and in his fiction of the period Faulkner portrays it through a radical critique of the myth of ″the Old Plantation.″ Doing so meant he both had to challenge the myths about plantation slavery in which he had been raised and had to alter his own apocryphal vision of the institution that haunted America like a ghost. Replacing the Sartoris family with the McCaslin family as the family that would represent the Faulkners' in his fiction, Faulkner created a fiction better able to bear the weight of history, both the history of the South and of his own family.
Synthesis, binding affinities and metabolic stability of dimeric dermorphin analogs modified with<i>β</i><sup>3</sup>-<i>homo</i>-amino acids (2016)

In this study, proteinogenic amino acids residues of dimeric dermorphin pentapeptides were replaced by the corresponding β(3)-homo-amino acids. The potency and selectivity of hybrid α/β dimeric dermorphin pentapeptides were evaluated by competetive receptor binding assay in the rat brain using [3H]DAMGO (a μ ligand) and [3H]DELT (a δ ligand). Tha analog containing β(3)-homo-Tyr in place of Tyr (Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-β(3)-homo-Tyr-NH-)2 showed good μ receptor affinity and selectivity (IC50 = 0.302, IC50 ratio μ/δ = 68) and enzymatic stability in human plasma.