gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of near Shannon-limit codes on wireless communications technology (2005)

Tremendous progress has been made on channel coding techniques during the last decade, starting from the invention of turbo codes and the rediscovery of the low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. These codes essentially closed the gap between the Shannon capacity limit and practical implementation. Commercial adoption of these new coding techniques, however, depends heavily on the introduction of the technology into communication standards. In this paper, we briefly review the considerations when turbo codes and LDPC codes were introduced to the 3/sup rd/ generation wireless standards (3GPP and 3GPP2), and the digital video broadcast for satellite standard (DVB-S2), respectively. We then examine a few possible approaches to take advantage of these powerful codes for future wireless channels.
Convergence through packet-aware transport [Invited] (2006)

Feature Issue on ConvergenceWe provide a comprehensive description of the Packet-Aware Transport Network (PATN) architecture first introduced in [IEEE Commun. Mag. (3) 120 (2004)]. The PATN architecture provides a more efficient transport of data services such as Ethernet and IP than traditional time-division multiplexing- (TDM) centric access network architectures. The PATN architecture builds upon several emerging technologies and improvements in silicon processing to seamlessly converge multiple network functions onto a single platform, optimize network utilization, and reduce operating costs. The PATN architecture is also designed to support all existing TDM voice, private line, and data services. To validate this architecture we implemented a comprehensive test bed that provides a microcosm of local, metro, and long-distance transport networks. We describe this evaluation methodology and present experimental results of key aspects of the PATN.
Advanced maintenance using causal networks (2002)

We present a flexible, powerful, easily maintainable avionics diagnostics system that integrates diagnostic development functions into product development tools and processes.
Bubble chamber as a trace chemical detector (1998)

A novel concept for trace chemical analysis in liquids has been demonstrated. The technique utilizes light absorption in a superheated liquid. Although a superheated liquid is thermodynamically unstable, a high degree of superheating can be dynamically achieved for a short period of time. During this time the superheated liquid is extremely sensitive to boiling at nucleation sites produced by energy deposition. Observation of bubbles in the superheated liquid in some sense provides amplification of the initial energy deposition. Bubble chambers containing superheated liquids have been used to detect energetic particles; now a bubble chamber is used to detect a trace chemical in superheated liquid propane by observing bubble formation initiated by optical absorption. Crystal violet is used as a test case and can be detected at the subpart-per-10(12) level by using a Nd:YAG laser. The mechanism for bubble formation and ideas for further improvement are discussed.
3D integral imaging monitors with fully programmable display parameters (2011)

Stereoscopic and auto-stereoscopic monitors usually produce visual fatigue in the audience due to the convergenceaccommodation conflict (the discrepancy between actual focal distance and depth perception). An attractive alternative to these technologies is integral photography (integral imaging, InI), initially proposed by Lippmann in 1908,1 and reintroduced approximately two decades ago due to the fast development of electronic matrix sensors and displays. Lippmann’s concept is that one can store the 3D image of an object by acquiring many 2D elemental images of it from different positions. This is readily achieved by using a microlens array (MLA) as the camera lens. When the elemental images are projected onto a 2D display placed in front of an MLA, the different perspectives are integrated as a 3D image. Every pixel of the display generates a conical ray bundle when it passes through the array. The intersection of many ray bundles produces a local concentration of light density that permits object reconstruction. The resulting scene is perceived as 3D by the observer, whatever his or her position relative to the MLA. Since an InI monitor truly reconstructs the 3D scene, the observation is producedwithout special goggles, with full parallax, and with no visual fatigue.2 An important challenge of projecting integral images in a monitor is the structural differences between the capture setup and the display monitor. Addressing this challenge, we have developed an algorithm that we call smart pseudoscopic-toorthoscopic conversion (SPOC). It permits the calculation of new sets of synthetic elemental images (SEIs) that are fully adapted to the display monitor characteristics. Specifically, this global pixel-mapping algorithm permits one to select the MLA Figure 1. Schematic of the experimental setup used for capturing an integral image of a 3D scene.
Pinch locomotion: A novel propulsion technique for endoscopic robots (2012)

While the progress in imaging techniques more and more allows early and accurate diagnosis, minimally invasive intervention is still largely dependent on the availability of smart tools able to perform tasks inside the human body with a high level of autonomy. In this framework, endoscopic robots locomotion capabilities are needed to reach the site of interest, possibly with the desired orientation and with a firm grasping of the tissue. Current locomotion techniques do not provide sufficient degrees of mobility or are hardly miniaturizeable to the desired extent. In this paper we present the concept of a novel locomotion technique, called pinch locomotion, that relies upon and takes advantage of the large deformability of intestine to allow propulsion, steering and standing at a place with a continuous grasping of the tissue. The proposed locomotion technique is instantiated in a preliminary larger-scale prototype (70 mm×29 mm×10 mm), that is able to easily propel itself over a flexible stripe of cloth. The feasibility of a miniature endoscopic robot, endowed with the pinch-locomotion and with dimensions compatible to current swallable devices, is also investigated from a design perspective.
High Frequency of Somatic Frameshift BHD Gene Mutations in Birt-Hogg-Dubé–Associated Renal Tumors (2005)

The Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is an inherited genodermatosis characterized by a predisposition to hamartomatous skin lesions, pulmonary cysts, and renal carcinoma. Seventy-seven renal tumors from 12 patients with germline BHD mutations were examined by DNA sequencing to identify somatic mutations in the second copy of BHD. Sequence alterations were detected in the majority of renal tumors (41 of 77, 53%), with loss of heterozygosity at the BHD locus in a minority of additional tumors (14 of 77, 17%). The somatic mutations were distributed across the entire gene, and the majority resulted in frameshifts that are predicted to truncate the BHD protein. These results support a role for BHD as a tumor suppressor gene that predisposes to the development of renal tumors when both copies are inactivated.
Behind-Casing Cement Void Volumetric Evaluation (2015)

Abstract During the completion of well drilling, cement is pumped into the annulus between the casing and formation to provide zonal isolation and a pressure barrier. The cement integrity inside the annulus is crucial for environmental and safety concerns. One aspect in the evaluation of cement integrity includes the determination of how much void exists inside the cement. This manuscript describes a sub-surface evaluation technique to estimate the cement void volume behind the casing using a gamma ray spectra indicator. The tool includes a radioactive gamma source, a gamma ray detector, and associated electronics. The target under investigation is a layered structure that consists of single or multiple layers of casing, cement in the annulus space, and the formation. Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) modeling, based on high energy photons transport, was conducted to simulate the energy spectrum deposited on the gamma ray detector. The various cement integrities were represented by a different void volume inside the cement. The detector responses change as the void volume within the cement changes. A spectra indicator was defined to describe the change of the spectra shape. The correspondence between the cement void volume and the spectra indicator, known as the quality curve, was generated through analysis of detector responses from a series of basic structures of known cement integrity, which were built through extensive computer modeling. When cement of unknown integrity is investigated, its spectra indicator can be computed from the recorded gamma ray detector spectra. The cement void volume behind the casing is determined by correlating the spectra indicator with the pre-generated quality curve.
Robust PageRank and locally computable spam detection features (2008)

Since the link structure of the web is an important element in ranking systems on search engines, web spammers widely use the link structure of the web to increase the rank of their pages. Various link-based features of web pages have been introduced and have proven effective at identifying link spam. One particularly successful family of features (as described in the SpamRank algorithm), is based on examining the sets of pages that contribute most to the PageRank of a given vertex, called supporting sets. In a recent paper, the current authors described an algorithm for efficiently computing, for a single specified vertex, an approximation of its supporting sets. In this paper, we describe several link-based spam-detection features, both supervised and unsupervised, that can be derived from these approximate supporting sets. In particular, we examine the size of a node's supporting sets and the approximate l2 norm of the PageRank contributions from other nodes. As a supervised feature, we examine the composition of a node's supporting sets. We perform experiments on two labeled real data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness of these features for spam detection, and demonstrate that these features can be computed efficiently. Furthermore, we design a variation of PageRank (called Robust PageRank) that incorporates some of these features into its ranking, argue that this variation is more robust against link spam engineering, and give an algorithm for approximating Robust PageRank.
Resistless electron beam lithography technique for the fabrication of x-ray masks (2001)

Among the key issues for the use of X-ray lithography as a next generation lithography process is the fabrication of masks with high resolution and high aspect ratio absorbent structures. Due to its chemical stability, tantalum is the most widely used absorber for this application. However, the chemical resistance of the etch mask used to pattern the tantalum layer is a problem that needs to be addressed. In this paper, we present a fabrication technique which eliminates the use of such an intermediary etch mask by using a high resolution Silicide Direct-Write Electron Beam Lithography process to pattern the masks.
Matrix free MALDI mass spectrometry for phytochemical investigations (2006)

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is a very sensitive mass spectrometric technique which utilizes acidic materials as matrices for laser energy absorption, desorption and ionisation of bio-molecules such as peptides and proteins. These matrix materials produce background peaks particularly in the low mass range and make the detection and identification of small molecules difficult.
Recent advances in high speed silicon optical modulator (2007)

High-speed silicon optical modulator is one of key components for integrated silicon photonic chip aiming at Tb/s data transmission for next generation communication networks as well as future high performance computing applications. In this paper we review the recent development of the silicon modulator. In particular, we present a high-speed and highly scalable silicon optical modulator based on the free carrier plasma dispersion effect. The fast refractive index modulation of the device is due to electric-field-induced carrier depletion in a Silicon-on-Insulator waveguide containing a reverse biased pn junction. To achieve high-speed performance, a traveling-wave design is employed to allow co-propagation of electrical and optical signals along the waveguide. We demonstrate high-frequency modulator optical response with 3 dB bandwidth of ~20 GHz and data transmission up to 30 Gb/s. We also highlight the future device optimization for 40 Gb/s and beyond.
Minimum-delay self-clocked fair queueing algorithm for packet-switched networks (2002)

The minimum-delay self-clocked fair queueing (MD-SCFQ) algorithm that we present in this paper is the first algorithm that achieves the same delay bounds as the packet by packet version of generalized processor sharing (P-GPS), has fairness properties similar to P-GPS, and uses a system-potential function of 0(1) complexity. To prove that MD-SCFQ achieves the same delay bounds of P-GPS, we have shown that the fluid version of MD-SCFQ belongs to the class of rate proportional server (RPS) schedulers; thus, its packet-by-packet version inherits all the well-known single-node and multiple-node delay properties of P-RPS schedulers. We have also computed the fairness index of MD-SCFQ, and show that is very close to that of P-GPS. Because of the properties of its system potential, MD-SCFQ, when combined with a shaper which declares packets eligible for scheduling according to their virtual starting times, is a work-conserving worst-case fair scheduler.
Performance of Continuous-Phase, Unmodulated Parallel-Combinatory High-Compaction Multicarrier Modulation (2008)

In the present paper, we propose a new modulation called continuous-phase parallel-combinatory high-compaction multicarrier modulation (CPPC/HC-MCM). The CPPC/HC-MCM employs the technique of continuous phase modulation (CPM) and avoids the amplitude gaps between two successive signals to enhance the property of spectral efficiency of conventional PC/HC-MCM. The results show that the CPPC/HC-MCM achieves a smaller bit-error rate (BER) than conventional (unmodulated) PC/HC-MCM for large signal-to-noise ratio at a common spectral efficiency less than about 0.33.
Frequency-domain penalized least-squares beamformer design for early detection of breast cancer via microwave imaging (2003)

Microwave imaging has been proposed as an alternative to X-ray mammography for early-stage breast cancer detection. We investigate a method of microwave imaging via space-time (MIST) beamforming for detecting backscattered energy from small malignant breast tumors. The beamformer weights are designed to optimally compensate for frequency-dependent propagation effects and minimize clutter by solving a set of penalized least-squares problems that are formulated in the frequency domain. We demonstrate the efficacy of our space-time beamforming approach using backscatter data acquired from two types of breast phantoms: a realistic numerical breast model and a simple experimental breast phantom. The numerical model is derived from a magnetic resonance image of the breast and the backscatter waveforms are computed using the finite-difference time-domain method for solving Maxwell's equations. The experimental phantom consists of a synthetic tumor suspended in a homogeneous liquid. The dielectric-properties contrast between the liquid and synthetic tumor is similar to the contrast between normal and malignant breast tissue. Our images exhibit high signal-to-clutter ratios and good tumor localization even under various challenging conditions.
Unleashing the power of wearable devices in a SIP infrastructure (2005)

The session initiation protocol (SIP) has been widely adopted for instant messaging (IM) and VoIP telephony both by the enterprise and in service provider systems. Till now, SIP functionality has been accessible to end-users primarily via computing platforms such as an IM client on a laptop or on communication platforms such as an IP phone or a cell phone. We show that wearable devices such as the IBM Linux Watch (WatchPad/spl trade/) can play a powerful role as a control device in a SIP infrastructure, given their easily accessible, always available, and visible user-interfaces. We have designed and prototyped several key control applications, using a SIP User Agent on the WatchPad, such as the ability to initiate and route incoming and outgoing phone calls, receive simple queries as instant messages, and call initiation based on address books residing on wearable devices. We discuss other examples such as video conferencing and the authentication layer for workflow. Our investigation and implementation shows that wearable devices can plug an important gap and significantly enhance user experience.
Iterative Trust and Reputation Management Using Belief Propagation (2011)

In this paper, we introduce the first application of the belief propagation algorithm in the design and evaluation of trust and reputation management systems. We approach the reputation management problem as an inference problem and describe it as computing marginal likelihood distributions from complicated global functions of many variables. However, we observe that computing the marginal probability functions is computationally prohibitive for large-scale reputation systems. Therefore, we propose to utilize the belief propagation algorithm to efficiently (in linear complexity) compute these marginal probability distributions; resulting a fully iterative probabilistic and belief propagation-based approach (referred to as BP-ITRM). BP-ITRM models the reputation system on a factor graph. By using a factor graph, we obtain a qualitative representation of how the consumers (buyers) and service providers (sellers) are related on a graphical structure. Further, by using such a factor graph, the global functions factor into products of simpler local functions, each of which depends on a subset of the variables. Then, we compute the marginal probability distribution functions of the variables representing the reputation values (of the service providers) by message passing between nodes in the graph. We show that BP-ITRM is reliable in filtering out malicious/unreliable reports. We provide a detailed evaluation of BP-ITRM via analysis and computer simulations. We prove that BP-ITRM iteratively reduces the error in the reputation values of service providers due to the malicious raters with a high probability. Further, we observe that this probability drops suddenly if a particular fraction of malicious raters is exceeded, which introduces a threshold property to the scheme. Furthermore, comparison of BP-ITRM with some well-known and commonly used reputation management techniques (e.g., Averaging Scheme, Bayesian Approach, and Cluster Filtering) indicates the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of robustness against attacks (e.g., ballot stuffing, bad mouthing). Finally, BP-ITRM introduces a linear complexity in the number of service providers and consumers, far exceeding the efficiency of other schemes.
Reduction of Polysilicon Gate Depletion Effect in NMOS Devices Using Laser Thermal Processing (2004)

10.1149/1.1632873
Multiple-Access Interference Suppression for MC-CDMA by Frequency-Domain Oversampling (2005)

A technique for interference suppression in multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems is proposed which exploits the structural differences in signals that arrive at the receiver with Doppler shifts or carrier offsets. Oversampling the received signal in the frequency domain and properly combining the samples provides the interference suppression. Frequency-domain oversampling is accomplished by using a time extension of the conventional MC-CDMA signal or unconsumed portions of the cyclic prefix. Furthermore, a receiver structure is introduced that despreads and combines groups of samples so that a linear minimum mean-squared error solution for combining the groups is easily found. This combining scheme increases the signal-to-interference ratio experienced by the desired user in the MC-CDMA system. In addition, the receiver performs well in severe near-far scenarios when there is sufficient frequency separation between the signals of the desired user and an interferer. Numerical results show that the proposed receiver significantly outperforms the conventional MC-CDMA receiver in many channel realizations.
Modal Identification Using Mobile Sensors under Ambient Excitation (2016)

The state-of-the-art modal identification for civil structures is limited to the estimation mode shapes with a low spatial resolution. Modal coordinates are identified only at the location of sensors, which are fixed at particular locations on the structure. Increasing the number of sensors in the structure is an alternative to increase the spatial resolution. Unfortunately, this increases the cost of the instrumentation and the data to be transmitted and processed. Another common alternative is to use numerical algorithms to expand the modal coordinates to nonmeasured degrees of freedom. However, mode shape expansion techniques could introduce errors in the identified modes. This paper presents the formulation, evaluation, and validation of a methodology for the ambient vibration–based modal identification using mobile sensors (MIMS). The methodology uses two sensors, one mobile and one stationary sensor, to identify spatially dense modes of vibration. The methodology is experimentally verified by using a uniform simply supported steel beam. Results show that MIMS is able to identify dense mode shapes using a fraction of sensors and data when compared with traditional modal identification techniques.
A Primary-Side-Assisted Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching (2001)

A new primary-side-assisted zero-voltage and zero-current switching (ZVZCS) three-level DC-DC converter with flying capacitor is proposed The three-level converters are promising in high voltage applications, and ZVZCS is a very effective means for reducing switching losses The proposed DC-DC converter uses only one auxiliary transformer and two diodes to obtain ZCS for the inner leg It has a simple and robust structure, and offers soft-switching capability even in short-circuited conditions The proposed converter was verified by experiments in a 6KW prototype designed for communication applications and operating at 100 kHz.