gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 837: The unique profile of microtubule stability initiated by the taccalonolides leads to potent antitumor activities (2014)

Abstract The taccalonolides are structurally distinct microtubule stabilizers purified from the roots and rhizomes of plants of the genus Tacca. The taccalonolides impart a unique mechanism of microtubule stabilization through covalent attachment to the 212-230 peptide of β-tubulin. The profound interprotofilament stability conferred by taccalonolide binding, as demonstrated by hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, occurs independent of changes in the H7 or M-loops, which makes their effects different from other classes of microtubule stabilizers. This remarkable stability results in the formation of microtubules that are highly resistant to cold induced depolymerization or mechanical disruption. The covalent attachment of the taccalonolides to microtubules is proposed to be directly responsible for their strong cellular persistence and ability to circumvent multiple mechanisms of clinically relevant drug resistance, including expression of P-glycoprotein. We have isolated and characterized 66 new taccalonolides that range in potency from 0.37 nM to over 50 µM, allowing for detailed structure activity relationship studies. These studies demonstrate that epoxidation of the C22,23 double bond present in most naturally occurring taccalonolides is optimal for potency. A simple, one step oxidation reaction has been employed and increases the potency of 17 natural taccalonolides by as much as 700-fold. The new, potent taccalonolides show excellent antitumor activity against the MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer xenograft model at cumulative doses as low as 0. 5 mg/kg. This exquisite in vivo potency facilitates antitumor evaluations from small quantities of material and allows administration in aqueous vehicles. Studies to further map the optimal interactions of the taccalonolide backbone with microtubules and identify a candidate for clinical development are in progress. Citation Format: April L. Risinger, Jing Li, Jiangnan Peng, Melissa J. Bennett, Cristina C. Rohena, David C. Schriemer, Susan L. Mooberry. The unique profile of microtubule stability initiated by the taccalonolides leads to potent antitumor activities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 837. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-837
Device and architecture co-optimization for FPGA power reduction (2005)

Device optimization considering supply voltage Vdd and threshold voltage Vt tuning does not increase chip area but has a great impact on power and performance in the nanometer technology. This paper studies the simultaneous evaluation of device and architecture optimization for FPGA. We first develop an efficient yet accurate timing and power evaluation method, called trace-based model. By collecting trace information from cycle-accurate simulation of placed and routed FPGA benchmark circuits and re-using the trace for different Vdd and Vt, we enable the device and architecture co-optimization for hundreds of combinations. Compared to the baseline FPGA which has the architecture same as the commercial FPGA used by Xilinx, and has Vdd suggested by ITRS but Vt optimized by our device optimization, architecture and device co-optimization can reduce energy-delay product by 20.5% without any chip area increase compared to the conventional FPGA architecture. Furthermore, considering power-gating of unused logic blocks and interconnect switches, our co-optimization method reduces energy-delay product by 54.7% and chip area by 8.3%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study on architecture and device co-optimization for FPGAs.
Spectrally controlled interferometry (2017)

Optical interferometers are typically categorized by their source type into incoherent (white-light) and coherent (laser). Both approaches provide adequate solutions for many measurement applications, offer unique advantages, and suffer distinct limitations. A novel interferometry method, spectrally controlled interferometry, is presented, which successfully merges many advantages from both categories while bypassing some of the limitations. The relationship between measurement accuracy and fringe stability as a function of fundamental control parameters is explored. Surface measurements of common optical components are presented, and method specific noise sources and measurement accuracy are assessed as well.
Cellular xenoresponses: Observation of significant primary indirect human T cell anti‐pig xenoresponses using co‐stimulator‐deficient or SLA class II‐negative porcine stimulators (1996)

Abstract: We have documented the strength and characteristics of the in vitro human anti‐porcine indirect T cell response using porcine stimulators that were unable to provoke a direct xenoresponse. Our results indicate that HLA‐DR‐restricted and HLA‐DQ‐restricted CD4 + T cells recognise porcine xenoantigens presented by conventional APC, rather than xenospecific B cells. Limiting dilution analysis assays indicate a high precursor frequency of T cells with indirect xenospecificity in the peripheral blood of human responders. These data demonstrate that the indirect response requires no priming, but instead reflects the large number of pig‐specific antigens.
Lightly doped Schottky MOSFET (1982)

Platinum silicide Schottky barrier p-MOSFETs were built with additional acceptor doping surrounding the S/D areas to increase their current drive and to decrease their drain leakage, while maintaining a low minority carrier injection efficiency into the substrate. Using ion implantation to controllably introduce the S/D dopant we found experimentally that, for the actual prcess used, 3E13 cm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</inf> BF2 is the minimum dose that is required to achieve full current drive. However, the drain leakage does not decrease to a satisfactory level until a dose of 1E14 cm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</inf> is used but the higher dose increases the minority carrier injection into the substrate. An unexpected high series resistance is explained by analyzing the conduction process in the weakly doped regions of the source overlapped by the gate when the polysilicon gate and the S/D regions are doped with opposite type impurities. These devices have direct application for latch-up free CMOS.
Enhanced Thrombolytic and Antithrombotic Potency of a Fibrin-Targeted Plasminogen Activator in Baboons (1996)

We conclude that antibody targeting of scuPA to fibrin increases thrombolytic and antithrombotic potencies with less impairment of hemostasis compared with rTPA and rscuPA.
Network model of the effects of spinal cord stimulation (2013)

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an established treatment for chronic pain. However, SCS only provides 50% or greater pain relief to approximately 60% of patients, and the efficacy of SCS tends to decline over time. Efforts to optimize SCS have focused on the spatial aspects of SCS such as electrode design and electrode geometry while neglecting stimulation parameter selection and have assumed that the dorsal horn pain processing network is static. We developed a biophysical network model of the dorsal horn circuit capable of reproducing key electrophysiological data relevant to pain processing. Using this model, we simulated the effects of SCS applied at between 5 Hz and 150 Hz on the activity of projection neurons responsible for relaying pain signals to the brain. SCS at 30-100 Hz produced maximal inhibition of projection neuron activity. Furthermore, we quantified responses to SCS with diminished levels of inhibition in the dorsal horn to simulate the effect of disease progression. The degree to which projection neurons were inhibited by SCS declined as the strength of inhibitory mechanisms was reduced, and the optimal SCS frequency decreased to 15 Hz. Our simulation results suggest that the efficacy of SCS is dependent on stimulation frequency and that the loss of dorsal horn inhibition during chronic pain may explain the decline in SCS efficacy over time. These findings provide insights regarding the mechanisms of SCS and pave the way for improved SCS stimulation parameter selection.
An overview of microbiome based strategies on anti‐obesity (2019)

With the significant global obesity epidemic and emerging strong scientific evidence that connected gut microbiota to obesity, intervening obesity by targeting gut microbiota has become a trendy strategy. Particularly the application of probiotics has become remarkably popular because of their expected association with gut microbiota modulation. Although there are many literatures on the effects of probiotics in obese animal models, most of them reported the effects of probiotic bacteria on metabolic indications with limited information on anti-obesity itself. Besides, some probiotics have been shown to reduce certain metabolic symptoms but they failed to achieve weight loss. This report reviewed the current literatures on the anti-obesity effects of next-generation probiotics in various animal obesity models and discussed the beneficial potential of fecal microbiota transplantation in treating obesity in humans. The purpose of this article is to help guide further research improve the probiotic bacteria experiments in more precise animal obesity models by standardizing the anti-obesogenesis, obesity control, and treatment assays and hopefully the evidence-based investigations on harnessing gut microbiota through next-generation probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation will develop new interventions to promote and achieve anti-obesity.
Compatibility of CW Agent Degrading Enzymes with Disinfectants and Foams (2003)

Over the years our group developed a non-corrosive, non-toxic, environmentally safe and userfriendly chemical agent decontaminant (advanced catalytic enzyme system - ACES) in a dry powder form. The ACES is capable of hydrolyzing/detoxifying organophosphorus (OP)-based neurotoxic chemical warfare (CW) agents, i.e. G-type, V-type, and related OP based hazardous industrial materials. Bacterial enzymes, OPH (V- and G-type and pesticides), OPAA (G-type) and squid DFPase (G-type) are the three key biocatalysts capable of detoxifying toxic materials. Retention of catalytic activity of ACES in the presence of several water-soluble and biodegradable commercial fire-fighting agents/foams, degreasers, and laundry detergent, provides effective and efficient decontamination not just for large areas, but also for fire suppressing. In addition, the formulation affords personnel decontamination in skin cream/lotions, and personnel protection through enzyme-impregnated clothing and filters. Here, we report the retention of catalytic activity of ACES in commercial disinfectants (Biocidal ZF and EcoTru ). Over 50% enzyme activity was retained in the presence of Biocidal ZF . Whereas a 40% enzyme activity was detected in the presence of EcoTru , over 65-85% enzyme activity was retained when enzymes were protected using dendritic polymers. Biological decontamination experiments with biological warfare agent (BWA) surrogates showed varying degrees of bactericidal activity (2-10 log kill) when these disinfectants and several commerical foams were tested individually. These commercial compounds were compatible with the ACES enzyme activity. Our findings are consistent with the concept that ACES can be incorporated into commercial disinfectants with a real potential for developing broad range decontamination systems for CBW agents.
A seat cushion to provide realistic acceleration cues for aircraft simulators (1976)

A seat cushion to provide acceleration cues for aircraft simulator pilots was built, performance tested, and evaluated. The four cell seat, using a thin air cushion with highly responsive pressure control, attempts to reproduce the same events which occur in an aircraft seat under acceleration loading. The pressure controller provides seat cushion responses which are considered adequate for current high performance aircraft simulations. The initial tests of the seat cushions have resulted in excellent pilot opinion of the cushion's ability to provide realistic and useful cues to the simulator pilot.
Signal transduction in Alzheimer disease: p21‐activated kinase signaling requires C‐terminal cleavage of APP at Asp664 (2007)

The deficits in Alzheimer disease (AD) stem at least partly from neurotoxic beta-amyloid peptides generated from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP may also be cleaved intracellularly at Asp664 to yield a second neurotoxic peptide, C31. Previously, we showed that cleavage of APP at the C-terminus is required for the impairments seen in APP transgenic mice, by comparing elements of the disease in animals modeling AD, with (platelet-derived growth factor B-chain promoter-driven APP transgenic mice; PDAPP) versus without (PDAPP D664A) a functional Asp664 caspase cleavage site. However, the signaling mechanism(s) by which Asp664 contributes to these deficits remains to be elucidated. In this study, we identify a kinase protein, recently shown to bind APP at the C-terminus and to contribute to AD, whose activity is modified in PDAPP mice, but normalized in PDAPP D664A mice. Specifically, we observed a significant increase in nuclear p21-activated kinase (isoforms 1, 2, and or 3; PAK-1/2/3) activation in hippocampus of 3 month old PDAPP mice compared with non-transgenic littermates, an effect completely prevented in PDAPP D664A mice. In contrast, 13 month old PDAPP mice displayed a significant decrease in PAK-1/2/3 activity, which was once again absent in PDAPP D664A mice. Similarly, in hippocampus of early and severe AD subjects, there was a progressive and subcellular-specific reduction in active PAK-1/2/3 compared with normal controls. Interestingly, total PAK-1/2/3 protein was increased in early AD subjects, but declined in moderate AD and declined further, to significantly below that of control levels, in severe AD. These findings are compatible with previous suggestions that PAK may be involved in the pathophysiology of AD, and demonstrate that both early activation and late inactivation in the murine AD model require the cleavage of APP at Asp664.
Translation of rights expressions (2005)

Digital Rights Management (DRM) is concerned with the controlled distribution and usage of digital works in order to prevent unauthorized usage of digital content. A significant component of a DRM system is a well-defined language for expressing the rights which a user/device has been granted. Such a language is known as a Rights Expression Lanugage (REL).
Stall Control and Recovery in a Low-Speed Axial Fan Through the Use of Variable Pitch in Motion Blades (2012)

Stall induced vibrations place fundamental limitations on a fan stage performance and remains a persistent problem in the development of axial compressor and fan stages. Rotating stall is purely a fluid mechanic instability, whilst blade flutter, stall and surge flutter, and their variants, are aeroelastic instabilities that involve coupled fluid-structure interaction. Stall oscillation frequency lays in a relatively low-frequency band (less than 0.7- 0.5 shaft frequency), whilst mild surge oscillation frequency occurs usually in a much lower-order of frequency (typically <0.25-0.30) in high solidity industrial power fans. These mild surge oscillations can couple with fan blade aeroelastic modes. A loss in efficiency and high aeroelastic blade vibrations characterises fan performance in stall that can significantly increase stress levels in the blade. In this paper, the authors conducted an experimental study to investigate rotating stall recovery patterns in a high solidity axial power fan using different strategies. The authors drove the fan to stall at the design stagger-angle setting and then: i) operated a variable pitch mechanism in order to recover the unstable operation or ii) recover from stall by increasing rotational speed. In both cases the recovery patterns entails the modification of the operating point of the fan along the throttle line of the system. They measured pressure fluctuations in the fan tip region using flush-mounted probes. The authors studied the flow mechanisms for the stall recovery associated with the two proposed methods. They cross-correlated pressure fluctuations and analysed cross-spectra in order to clarify the influence of blade pitch, end-wall flow, rotational speed and tipleakage flow on stall recovery. Copyright © 2012 by ASME.
Digital Thermo-Optic Switch Formed Using Silicone Resin (1997)

A digital thermo-optic switch formed using silicone resin exhibits an insertion loss of <2.5 dB, an extinction ratio of >30 dB at 1.55 μm, and operates even at 80 °C.
The wheat and barley vernalization gene <i>VRN3</i> is an orthologue of <i>FT</i> (2006)

Winter wheat and barley varieties require an extended exposure to low temperatures to accelerate flowering (vernalization), whereas spring varieties do not have this requirement. In this study, we show that in these species, the vernalization gene VRN3 is linked completely to a gene similar to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). FT induction in the leaves results in a transmissible signal that promotes flowering. Transcript levels of the barley and wheat orthologues, designated as HvFT and TaFT, respectively, are significantly higher in plants homozygous for the dominant Vrn3 alleles (early flowering) than in plants homozygous for the recessive vrn3 alleles (late flowering). In wheat, the dominant Vrn3 allele is associated with the insertion of a retroelement in the TaFT promoter, whereas in barley, mutations in the HvFT first intron differentiate plants with dominant and recessive VRN3 alleles. Winter wheat plants transformed with the TaFT allele carrying the promoter retroelement insertion flowered significantly earlier than nontransgenic plants, supporting the identity between TaFT and VRN-B3. Statistical analyses of flowering times confirmed the presence of significant interactions between vernalization and FT allelic classes in both wheat and barley (P < 0.0001). These interactions were supported further by the observed up-regulation of HvFT transcript levels by vernalization in barley winter plants (P = 0.002). These results confirmed that the wheat and barley FT genes are responsible for natural allelic variation in vernalization requirement, providing additional sources of adaptive diversity to these economically important crops.
Simplified current decoupler for microchip capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical and pulsed amperometric detection (2005)

There is a need to develop broadly applicable, highly sensitive detection methods for microchip CE that do not require analyte derivatization. LIF is highly sensitive but typically requires analyte derivatization. Electrochemistry provides an alternative method for direct analyte detection; however, in its most common form, direct current (DC) amperometry, it is limited to a small number of easily oxidizable or reducible analytes. Pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is an alternative waveform that can increase the number of electrochemically detectable analytes. Increasing sensitivity for electrochemical detection (EC) and PAD requires the isolation of detection current (nA) from the separation current (muA) in a process generally referred to as current decoupling. Here, we present the development of a simple integrated decoupler to improve sensitivity and its coupling with PAD. A Pd microwire is used as the cathode for decoupling and a second Au or Pt wire is used as the working electrode for either EC or PAD. The electrode system is easy to make, requiring no clean-room facilities or specialized metallization systems. Sensitive detection of a wide range of analytes is shown to be possible using this system. Using this system we were able to achieve detection limits as low as 5 nM for dopamine, 74 nM for glutathione, and 100 nM for glucose.
Digital subcarrier optical networks and cross-connects (2013)

This paper describes a rate flexible network transport solution to achieve sub-wavelength circuit provisioning between edge node pairs. Sub-wavelength circuits are obtained by concatenating spectrally efficient digital subcarrier channels along the network path, with each subcarrier frequency carrying only a fraction of the wavelength bandwidth. By reserving one or more such subcarrier frequencies along a path connecting two edge nodes, a dedicated end-to-end sub-wavelength circuit is provisioned. At an intermediate node, incoming frequencies are switched to outgoing frequencies via a cross-bar electronic circuit switch or cross-connect. By performing digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) using CMOS based advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms, spectral guard-bands between adjacent channels are not necessary, thus yielding good bandwidth efficiency when multiplexing multiple subcarrier channels onto the same wavelength. Compared to current TDM based transport network solutions, e.g., OTN/SONET/SDH, the described solution offers the unique advantage of implementing two key transport functionalities in the same DSP system, which is capable of (1) performing compensation of fiber transmission impairments in the electronic domain to ensure good signal integrity, and (2) multiplexing (demultiplexing) subcarrier channels after (before) add/drop and switching circuit operations. Because of this design advantage, system complexity and fabrication of the network equipment are ameliorated, possibly leading to tangible cost and electric power consumption reductions.
Phase-resolved fluorescence technique with heterodyne signal processing for imaging of latent fingerprints (2006)

This paper describes the formulation and implementation of signal processing and experimental details of a system incorporating the heterodyne concept with a phase-resolved fluorescence technique for the detection and separation of latent fingerprint fluorescence emission from background fluorescence. The excitation laser source and gain of the detection device, which are modulated at megahertz frequency, are employed together with a heterodyne signal processing technique to separate the fingerprint fluorescence from the background fluorescence. The method provides improved contrast of fingerprint ridges. Experiments have been carried out on fingerprints deposited on various surfaces.
Using automatically derived load thresholds to manage compute resources on-demand (2005)

Dynamic computing environments that support a changing application set and load are now a reality. Within these environments the decision to add or remove resources, must be made in a timely manner, while at the same time they must avoid excessive resource rebalancing. When the overhead incurred by the resource reallocation process is significant, we should be confident that additional resources are necessary before initiating an allocation process. This process is complicated by the instability of application content and frequent changes in average request processing time. Load and response time thresholds need to be dynamically and automatically adjusted if they are to remain effective. We investigate automated methods for selecting and setting thresholds, estimating load, and analyzing response time. Specifically, these methods estimate the load on a set of application servers, and set appropriate resource allocation thresholds based on the relationship between projected site response times and server load. We describe a solution to the problem of determining the maximum load over multiple servers under changing conditions, which include both changing traffic and application characteristics.
Automatic segmentation of the facial nerve and chorda tympani in pediatric CT scans (2011)

The results indicate that accurate segmentation of the facial nerve and chorda tympani in pediatric scans is achievable, thus suggesting that safe drilling trajectories can also be computed automatically.