gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TrueView (2015)

Online reviews on products and services can be very useful for customers, but they need to be protected from manipulation. So far, most studies have focused on analyzing online reviews from a single hosting site. How could one leverage information from multiple review hosting sites? This is the key question in our work. In response, we develop a systematic methodology to merge, compare, and evaluate reviews from multiple hosting sites. We focus on hotel reviews and use more than 15 million reviews from more than 3.5 million users spanning three prominent travel sites. Our work consists of three thrusts: (a) we develop novel features capable of identifying cross-site discrepancies effectively, (b) we conduct arguably the first extensive study of cross-site variations using real data, and develop a hotel identity-matching method with 93% accuracy, (c) we introduce the TrueView score, as a proof of concept that cross-site analysis can better inform the end user. Our results show that: (1) we detect 7 times more suspicious hotels by using multiple sites compared to using the three sites in isolation, and (2) we find that 20% of all hotels appearing in all three sites seem to have low trustworthiness score. Our work is an early effort that explores the advantages and the challenges in using multiple reviewing sites towards more informed decision making.
Sequence and analysis of the genetic locus responsible for surfactin synthesis in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1993)

The chromosomal region of Bacillus subtilis comprising the entire srfA operon, sfp and about four kilobases in between have been completely sequenced and functionally characterized. The srfA gene codes for three large subunits of surfactin synthetase, 402, 401 and 144 kDa, respectively, arranged in a series of seven amino acid activating domains which, as shown in the accompanying communication, recognize and bind the seven amino acids of the surfactin peptide. The srfA amino acid activating domains share homologies with similar domains of other peptide synthetases; in particular, regions can be identified which are more homologous in domains activating the same amino acid. A fourth gene in srfA encodes a polypeptide homologous to grsT. Four genes are positioned between srfA and sfp, the disruption of which does not affect surfactin biosynthesis.
Initial experimental verification: characterizing tool illumination and PSM performance with phase-shifting masks (2004)

Experimental verification of three phase shifting mask patterns designed to characterize projection printing tool illumination and phase shifting mask performance is presented. Both patterns printed in photoresist and AIMS aerial images of a four-phase reticle appear to validate scientific principles. Experimental results are compared to simulation for all three monitors, initial analysis is offered, and ideas for future work are discussed. It is concluded that impressive mask making suggests the usefulness of the phase shifting mask as a precision instrument for characterizing optical lithography. The linear phase grating (LPG), a four-phase chromeless pattern designed to monitor the illumination in a particular quadrant of the pupil, behaves as expected when the smallest features are roughly larger than a wavelength. The linear phase ring (LPR), designed to monitor light in a particular circular region within the pupil, agrees well with simulation although signal strength is low. Future redesigns promise a maximum signal of 22% of the clear field intensity for monitoring quadrupoles. The third pattern, the interferometric probe monitor for phase shifting mask performance (IPM-PSM), measures the phase and transmission imbalance between shifted regions of an alternating phase shifting mask. Although potentially limited by low signal strength, the IPM-PSM behaves generally as expected.
Extraordinary Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>7</sub> (2010)

Nanostructured thin film catalysts (NSTF) with widely varying compositions of PtxMyNz (M, N = Ni, Co, Zr, Hf, Fe, Mn) have been evaluated for 0 < x,y,z < 1. The catalysts' activity for oxygen reduction (ORR) was measured in 50 cm2 fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies. PtxNiy was found to be unique in showing an extraordinarily sharp peak in ORR activity as a function of the as-made composition around x=3, y=7. This composition gave a corresponding fcc lattice parameter of 3.71 Angstroms and a grain size of 7.5 nm. Both surface area and specific activity increases contribute to the increased mass activity. The ORR mass activity of the Pt3Ni7 is 60% higher than for the NSTF standard Pt68Co29Mn3 alloy.
ERG oncoprotein expression in prostate cancer: clonal progression of ERG-positive tumor cells and potential for ERG-based stratification (2010)

Gene fusions prevalent in prostate cancer (CaP) lead to the elevated expression of the ERG proto-oncogene. ERG activation present in 50-70% of prostate tumors underscores one of the most common oncogenic alterations in CaP. Despite numerous reports of gene fusions and mRNA expression, ERG oncoprotein status in CaP still remains to be defined. Furthermore, development of ERG protein-based assays may provide a new dimension to evaluation of gene fusions involving diverse androgen-regulated promoters and the ERG protein-coding sequence. Through exhaustive evaluations of 132 whole-mount prostates (261 tumor foci and over 200 000 benign glands) for the ERG oncoprotein nuclear expression, we demonstrated 99.9% specificity for detecting prostate tumor cells using a highly specific anti-ERG monoclonal antibody. The ERG oncoprotein expression correlated well with fusion transcript or gene fusion in randomly selected specimens. Strong concordance of ERG-positive foci of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) with ERG-positive carcinoma (82 out of 85 sections with PIN, 96.5%) affirms the biological role of ERG in clonal selection of prostate tumors in 65% (86 out of 132) of patients. Conversely, ERG negative PINs were associated with ERG-negative carcinoma. Taken together, the homogeneous and strong ERG expression detected in individual tumors establishes the potential for ERG oncoprotein-based stratification of CaP.
Compliant Floating-Opposing-Arm (FOA) Centrifugal Clutch (2004)

This paper introduces the floating-opposing-arm (FOA) centrifugal clutch, presents a mathematical model for its analysis, and demonstrates the validity of a model to predict clutch performance with experimental data. The novelty of the clutch includes an arrangement of aggressive and non-aggressive contact surfaces in connected pairs to achieve a high torque carrying capability while maintaining starting smoothness and stability. As a compliant mechanism, it has fewer parts than traditional centrifugal clutches, and has the potential for significant cost reductions in manufacturing and assembly. Analysis of the FOA clutch is made difficult by the combination of dynamics and elastic deformation required for its operation. A model, based on the pseudo-rigid-body model, simplifies the engagement speed and torque capacity analyses. The model is validated by testing individual clutches and by demonstrating clutch designs in typical applications.
An efficient parallel algorithm for high dimensional similarity join (2002)

Multidimensional similarity join finds pairs of multidimensional points that are within some small distance of each other. The /spl epsiv/-k-d-B tree has been proposed as a data structure that scales better as the number of dimensions increases compared to previous data structures. We present a cost model of the /spl epsiv/-k-d-B tree and use it to optimize the leaf size. We present novel parallel algorithms for the similarity join using the /spl epsiv/-k-d-B tree. A load balancing strategy based on equi-depth histograms is shown to work well for uniform or low-skew situations, whereas another based on weighted equi-depth histograms works far better for high-skew datasets. The latter strategy is only slightly slower than the former strategy for low skew datasets. Further its cost is proportional to the overall cost of the similarity join.
Phase managed organic synthesis. A new synthesis of mixed formic anhydrides (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase managed organic synthesis. A new synthesis of mixed formic anhydridesWilmer K. Fife and Zhi Dong ZhangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 19, 3744–3746Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00369a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00369a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views858Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence for New Alleles in the Protein Kinase Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated γ3-Subunit Gene Associated With Low Glycogen Content in Pig Skeletal Muscle and Improved Meat Quality (2001)

Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting muscle glycogen content and related traits were mapped to pig chromosome 15 using a three-generation intercross between Berkshire x Yorkshire pigs. On the basis of the QTL location the PRKAG3 (protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma(3)-subunit) gene was considered to be a good candidate for the observed effects. Differences in the PRKAG3 gene sequences of the founder animals of the intercross were analyzed. The RN(-) mutation previously reported was not present in the cross but three missense substitutions and a polymorphic short interspersed element (SINE) were identified. To confirm the hypothesis that at least one of these mutations was associated with differences in meat quality, >1800 animals from several unrelated commercial lines were genotyped for the candidate substitutions and an association study was performed. The results demonstrate the presence of new economically important alleles of the PRKAG3 gene affecting the glycogen content in the muscle and the resulting meat quality. Haplotype analysis was shown to resolve the effects of PRKAG3 more clearly than analysis of individual polymorphisms. Because of their prevalence in the more common commercial breeds, the potential implications for the pig industry and consumers are considerably greater than the original discovery of the RN(-) mutation. Furthermore, these results illustrate that additional alleles of genes involved in major mutations may play a significant role in quantitative trait variation.
Fair Round-Robin: A Low Complexity Packet Schduler with Proportional and Worst-Case Fairness (2008)

Round robin based packet schedulers generally have a low complexity and provide long-term fairness. The main limitation of such schemes is that they do not support short-term fairness. In this paper, we propose a new low complexity round robin scheduler, called Fair Round Robin (FRR), that overcomes this limitation. FRR has similar complexity and long-term fairness properties as the stratified round robin scheduler, a recently proposed scheme that arguably provides the best quality-of-service properties among all existing round robin based low complexity packet schedulers. FRR offers better short-term fairness than stratified round robin and other existing round robin schedulers.
Dual-mode capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer arrays for high intensity focused ultrasound and imaging (2018)

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy requires imaging guidance to ensure that the correct area is treated. Guidance may be provided by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound imaging. With piezoelectric transducers, ultrasound imaging guidance is typically done with a separate transducer array since it is difficult to obtain sufficient imaging and HIFU performance with the same transducers. However, Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) can have sufficient bandwidth and efficiency to allow both HIFU therapy and imaging to be done with the same transducer array. Additionally, CMUTs have much lower self-heating than piezoelectric transducers and require less cooling when used for HIFU. This means that CMUT-based HIFU systems can be made smaller than other HIFU systems to date, allowing access to treatment areas that were not previously possible. In addition, using the same array for imaging and treatment eliminates challenges with co-registration. We have constructed a dual-mode HIFU and imaging probe using a 32x32 CMUT array integrated with an application-specific integrated circuit. Ultrasound imaging guided ablation of ex-vivo tissue has been demonstrated with the probe, with rapid switching between HIFU and imaging mode.
Raman spectroscopic detection of high-grade cervical cytology: Using morphologically normal appearing cells (2018)

This study aims to detect high grade squamous intraepithelial cells (HSIL) by investigating HSIL associated biochemical changes in morphologically normal appearing intermediate and superficial cells using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra (n = 755) were measured from intermediate and superficial cells from negative cytology ThinPrep specimens (n = 18) and from morphologically normal appearing intermediate and superficial cells from HSIL cytology ThinPrep specimens (n = 17). The Raman data was subjected to multivariate algorithms including the standard principal component analysis (PCA)-linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) together with random subsets cross-validation for discriminating negative cytology from HSIL. The PCA-LDA method yielded sensitivities of 74.9%, 72.8%, and 75.6% and specificities of 89.9%, 81.9%, and 84.5%, for HSIL diagnosis based on the dataset obtained from intermediate, superficial and mixed intermediate/superficial cells, respectively. The PLS-DA method provided improved sensitivities of 95.5%, 95.2% and 96.1% and specificities of 92.7%, 94.7% and 93.5% compared to the PCA-LDA method. The results demonstrate that the biochemical signatures of morphologically normal appearing cells can be used to discriminate between negative and HSIL cytology. In addition, it was found that mixed intermediate and superficial cells could be used for HSIL diagnosis as the biochemical differences between negative and HSIL cytology were greater than the biochemical differences between intermediate and superficial cell types.
Efficient electrochemical synthesis of robust, densely functionalized water soluble quinones (2019)

Conjugate addition of thiols to benzoquinones has been coupled to in situ electrochemical oxidation of the resulting hydroquinone to enable full substitution of quinone C-H bonds. The sulfonated thioether-substituted quinones exhibit high solublity and stability in aqueous solution and have redox potentials ranging from 440-750 mV vs. SHE. The electrosynthetic protocol is effective on >100 g scale.
Deep penetrating anchor: Subseabed deepwater anchor concept for floaters and other installations (1999)

A new subseabed concept for anchoring of floaters denoted Deep Penetrating Anchor (DPA) is under development. The anchor comprises an arrow shaped steel construction with a trailing chain or steel rope, which is dropped from typically 20-40m above the seabed and penetrates to target depth by its kinetic energy. No external energy source, mechanical operations or intervention is required on the anchor itself during installation. The anchor design allows for standardized fabrication and utilizes standard procured elements with a minimum of pre-fabrication work. An anchor handling type vessel as well as any offshore type of construction vessel can perform installation.
Exploring the Sponge Consortium <i>Plakortis symbiotica–Xestospongia deweerdtae</i> as a Potential Source of Antimicrobial Compounds and Probing the Pharmacophore for Antituberculosis Activity of Smenothiazole A by Diverted Total Synthesis (2017)

Fractionation of the bioactive CHCl<sub>3</sub>-MeOH (1:1) extracts obtained from two collections of the sponge consortium Plakortis symbiotica-Xestospongia deweerdtae from Puerto Rico provided two new plakinidone analogues, designated as plakinidone B (2) and plakinidone C (3), as well as the known plakinidone (1), plakortolide F (4), and smenothiazole A (5). The structures of 1-5 were characterized on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic, IR, UV, and HRMS analysis. The absolute configurations of plakinidones 2 and 3 were established through chemical correlation methods, VCD/ECD experiments, and spectroscopic data comparisons. When assayed in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H<sub>37</sub>Rv, none of the plakinidones 1-3 displayed significant activity, whereas smenothiazole A (5) was the most active compound, exhibiting an MIC value of 4.1 μg/mL. Synthesis and subsequent biological screening of 8, a dechlorinated version of smenothiazole A, revealed that the chlorine atom in 5 is indispensable for anti-TB activity.
New Route to ABCD-Porphyrins via Bilanes (2007)

A new strategy for preparing porphyrins that bear up to four different meso-substituents (ABCD-porphyrins) relies on two key reactions. One key reaction entails a directed synthesis of a 1-protected 19-acylbilane by acid-catalyzed condensation at high concentration (0.5 M) of a 1-acyldipyrromethane and a 9-protected dipyrromethane-1-carbinol (derived from a 9-protected 1-acyldipyrromethane). Three protecting groups (X) were examined, including thiocyanato, ethylthio, and bromo, of which bromo proved most effective. The bilanes were obtained in 72-80% yield, fully characterized, and examined by 15N NMR spectroscopy. The second key reaction entails a one-flask transformation of the 1-protected 19-acylbilane under basic, metal-templating conditions to give the corresponding metalloporphyrin. The reaction parameters investigated for cyclization of the bilane include solvent, metal salt, base, concentration, temperature, atmosphere, and time. The best conditions entailed the 1-bromo-19-acylbilane at 100 mM in toluene containing DBU (10 mol equiv) and MgBr2 (3 mol equiv) at 115 degrees C exposed to air for 2 h, which afforded the magnesium porphyrin in 65% yield. The magnesium porphyrin is readily demetalated to give the free base porphyrin. A stepwise procedure (which entailed treatment of the 1-(ethylthio)-19-acylbilane to oxidation, metal complexation, desulfurization, carbonyl reduction, and acid-catalyzed condensation) was developed but was much less efficient than the one-flask process. The new route to ABCD-porphyrins retains the desirable features of the existing "2 + 2" (dipyrromethane + dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol) method, such as absence of scrambling, yet has significant advantages. The advantages include the absence of acid in the porphyrin-forming step, the use of a metal template for cyclization, the ability to carry out the reaction at high concentration, the lack of a quinone oxidant, avoidance of use of dichloromethane, and the increased yield of macrocycle formation to give the target ABCD-metalloporphyrin.
Initial investigations of hand-motion crane control with double-pendulum payloads (2012)

A novel hand-motion crane control system was developed that improves performance by providing: 1) an intuitive control interface and 2) an element that reduces the complex oscillatory behaviors of the payload. Operators wearing a reflective glove drive a crane simply by moving their hand through the desired path. A crane-mounted camera tracks the glove and its position is used to drive the crane. This paper presents an initial investigation of the hand-motion crane control interface with double-pendulum payloads. Experimental results from a 10-ton industrial bridge crane demonstrate the utility of the interface and oscillation-control method.
Stationary Cycling Induced by Switched Functional Electrical Stimulation Control (2013)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is used to activate the dysfunctional lower limb muscles of individuals with neuromuscular disorders to produce cycling as a means of exercise and rehabilitation. However, FES-cycling is still metabolically inefficient and yields low power output at the cycle crank compared to able-bodied cycling. Previous literature suggests that these problems are symptomatic of poor muscle control and non-physiological muscle fiber recruitment. The latter is a known problem with FES in general, and the former motivates investigation of better control methods for FES-cycling.In this paper, a stimulation pattern for quadriceps femoris-only FES-cycling is derived based on the effectiveness of knee joint torque in producing forward pedaling. In addition, a switched sliding-mode controller is designed for the uncertain, nonlinear cycle-rider system with autonomous state-dependent switching. The switched controller yields ultimately bounded tracking of a desired trajectory in the presence of an unknown, time-varying, bounded disturbance, provided a reverse dwell-time condition is satisfied by appropriate choice of the control gains and a sufficient desired cadence. Stability is derived through Lyapunov methods for switched systems, and experimental results demonstrate the performance of the switched control system under typical cycling conditions.
Pre-bond testing of die logic and TSVs in high performance 3D-SICs (2012)

3D integrated circuits based on die stacking and through-silicon vias (TSVs) present a number of significant test challenges. Pre-bond testing of TSVs and partial logic on a die are especially difficult problems. This paper addresses pre-bond probing of TSVs and the testing of die logic before and after TSV breakpoints. By utilizing CMOS-compatible fuses, the functional overhead of test circuitry required for this testing can be reduced by disconnecting unnecessary fanout from functional paths after testing. Simulation results show significant reduction in functional delay when utilizing our architecture when compared to other methods.
Production of monoclonal antibodies against nucleocapsid proteins of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (1979)

We prepared mouse hybrid cell lines which produced antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 nucleocapsids. Cell lines 1D4 and 3E1, respectively, secreted immunoglobulin G1 herpes simplex virus type 1 and immunoglobulin G1 herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies which immunoprecipitated proteins designated p40 and p45 from homologous nucleocapsid preparations but precipitated no proteins from heterologous preparations. In contrast, guinea pig antisera prepared against either herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2 p40 precipitated p40 and p45 from both homologous and heterologous preparations. These findings suggest that p40 and p45 possess similar antigenic determinants and that the monoclonal antibodies that were tested reacted preferentially with the homologous determinants.