gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanin-Rich Extract From Aronia meloncarpa E. Induces a Cell Cycle Block in Colon Cancer but Not Normal Colonic Cells (2003)

Anthocyanin-rich extracts, potent antioxidants and commercially available food coloring agents, have been reported to inhibit growth of various cancer cell lines. We investigated the effect of semipurified anthocyanin-rich extract from fruits of Aronia meloncarpa, on normal colon and colon cancer cell lines. A 24-h exposure to 50 mg monomeric anthocyanin/ml of Aronia extract resulted in 60% growth inhibition of human HT-29 colon cancer cells. The treated cells showed a blockage at G1/G0 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. The cell cycle arrest coincided with an increased expression of the p21WAF1 and p27KIP1 genes and decreased expression of cyclin A and B genes. Prolonged exposure to the extract resulted in no further change in the cell number, indicating a cytostatic inhibition of cell growth. NCM460 normal colon cells demonstrated <10% growth inhibition at the highest concentration of 50 mg/ml extract. A 35% decrease in the cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression was observed within 24 h of exposure of HT-29 cells but did not translate into decreased protein levels or protein activity. These results support the need for further research to identify the specific component(s) in this extract that suppress cancer cell growth and the genes affected by these natural compounds.
A Signal Processor for a Multiple-electrode Hearing Prosthesis (1984)

A 22-electrode implantable hearing prosthesis uses a wearable speech processor which estimates three speech signal parameters. These are voice pitch, second formant frequency and flattened spectrum amplitude. The signal is monitored continuously for periodicity in the range 80-400 Hz and, if this is present, stimulation occurs at the same rate. Otherwise, as in the case of unvoiced sounds, it occurs at the random rate of fluctuation of the signal envelope. The second formant is obtained by filtering to extract the dominant peak in the midband region and by continuous measurement of the zero crossing rate. The amplitude measured is that of the whole speech spectrum, pre-emphasized by differentiation. The values that are presented to the patient are the parameter estimates immediately prior to the stimulation pulse. Second formant frequency is coded by selection of an appropriate electrode in the cochlea and amplitude by a suitably controlled current. Automatic gain control is used to keep the dynamic range of the amplitude estimate within the 30 dB range of the circuitry.
Hybrid polymer:colloidal nanoparticle photovoltaic cells incorporating a solution-processed, multi-functioned ZnO nanocrystal layer (2012)

We report significant improvement in both the power conversion efficiency and the environmental stability of solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells by including a solution-processed ZnO nanocrystal layer between the photoactive layer and the cathode. For devices based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and mostly-spherical CdSe nanocrystals, incorporation of the ZnO layer leads to an up to 70% increase in the power conversion efficiency. Compared to only a few hours of shelf lifetime for unencapsulated devices with the metal cathode directly deposited on the hybrid active layer, devices with the ZnO layer can retain approximately 70% of the original efficiency when they are exposed to the laboratory ambient without encapsulation for more than two months. We attribute the function of this ZnO nanocrystal layer to a combination of optical, electronic, morphological, and chemical effects, including blocking leakage of photogenerated holes to the cathode, optimizing the optical intensity profile in the hybrid active layer, minimizing recombination or quenching of photogenerated excitons and charge carriers, significantly reducing the transport rate of oxygen and water molecules to the active layer and reducing degradation/oxidation of any low work function layer at the cathode interface.
Anticancer Activity of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Emulsion Stabilized by Hydrophobized Polysaccharide (1993)

An oil-in-water emulsion of selectively cytotoxic α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3ω3) was stabilized with cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP-55-2.1), and the in vivo anticancer effect of the O/W-emulsion was investigated. The O/W-emulsion was prepared by ultrasonication of a mixture of CHP and ALA in the presence or absence of trioctanoylglyceride (TriC 8 ). The colloidal stabil ity of the CHP/ALA-emulsion was largely improved by adding TriC 8 . Intraperi toneal injection of the CHP/ALA-emulsion effectively prolonged the survival time of C3H/He mice which received an intraperitoneal transplantation of MM46 mammary tumor cells. The growth of these tumor cells subcutaneously transplanted in C3H/He mice was also significantly suppressed without any loss of body weight when CHP/ALA/TriC 8 -emulsion was intravenously injected. By using this colloidally stable O/W emulsion, it is possible to systemically ad minister a lipophilic liquid drug.
Aldose reductase inhibitors: therapeutic implications for diabetic complications (1999)

The 'late complications' of diabetes mellitus, i.e., nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy are firmly rooted in inadequate control of blood glucose: hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia causes elevated cytosolic glucose and/or rates of glucose metabolism, i.e., 'hyperglysolia,' within cells of vulnerable tissues. Although the molecular basis for the pathogenic effects of hyperglysolia remains to be proven, substantial evidence points to a key role for increased glucose metabolism through a cytosolic enzyme, aldose reductase (AR). Recent human genetic and biochemical data link polymorphisms of the AR gene (technically called the AR2 gene) and elevated tissue levels of AR with strongly altered risks for diabetic complications. Despite several genetic reports failing to confirm such an association, there are now ten concordant reports from five continents that certain polymorphisms of the AR gene are associated with an ~ 3- to 20-fold higher risk for diabetic complications. Moreover, in US and European diabetic study populations the principle allele of the AR gene associated with elevated disease risk, the Z-2 allele, correlates with an ~ 2- to 3-fold increase in AR expression. These results, together with recent clinical, experimental and pharmacological data, provide powerful new support for the rationale for research and development of aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) targeted at slowing the progression of diabetic complications. Although past clinical trials of ARIs have been disappointing, this has stemmed from overly optimistic expectations, inadequate trial designs and lack of pharmacological robustness and/or acceptable systemic toleration of the agents tested. However, a more realistic and encouraging perspective for therapeutic expectations for ARIs has arisen from recent data revealing that the seemingly modest short-term effects of intensified glycaemic control and of pancreatic transplantation are followed by substantial long-term benefits on diabetic complications. In addition, robust inhibition of AR in human nerve has recently yielded dose-dependent efficacy on nerve structure and function. Thus, the quest for well-tolerated, potent ARIs continues to be a worthy and more urgent objective than ever before.
Amorphous Copolyesters Containing Monomers Derived from Bisphenols (2005)

Amorphous copolyesters based on combinations of ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) as diols with terephthalic acid have excellent properties, such as toughness, clarity, and chemical resistance and are well known commercial polymers. Several different hydoxyethoxylated bisphenols were copolymerized into the backbone of these amorphous copolyesters in order to raise the glass transition temperature (Tg). The incorporation of bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]sulfone (SEO-2) into the amorphous copolyester backbone led to significant Tg increase and improvement in resistance to lipids. Melt viscosity and other mechanical and physical properties were unchanged by the addition of SEO-2.
Proteomics-based discovery of a novel, structurally unique, and developmentally regulated plasminogen receptor, Plg-RKT, a major regulator of cell surface plasminogen activation (2009)

Activation of plasminogen, the zymogen of the primary thrombolytic enzyme, plasmin, is markedly promoted when plasminogen is bound to cell surfaces, arming cells with the broad spectrum proteolytic activity of plasmin. In addition to its role in thrombolysis, cell surface plasmin facilitates a wide array of physiologic and pathologic processes. Carboxypeptidase B-sensitive plasminogen binding sites promote plasminogen activation on eukaryotic cells. However, no integral membrane plasminogen receptors exposing carboxyl terminal basic residues on cell surfaces have been identified. Here we use the exquisite sensitivity of multidimensional protein identification technology and an inducible progenitor cell line to identify a novel differentiation-induced integral membrane plasminogen receptor that exposes a C-terminal lysine on the cell surface, Plg-R(KT) (C9orf46 homolog). Plg-R(KT) was highly colocalized on the cell surface with the urokinase receptor, uPAR. Our data suggest that Plg-R(KT) also interacts directly with tissue plasminogen activator. Furthermore, Plg-R(KT) markedly promoted cell surface plasminogen activation. Database searching revealed that Plg-R(KT) mRNA is broadly expressed by migratory cell types, including leukocytes, and breast cancer, leukemic, and neuronal cells. This structurally unique plasminogen receptor represents a novel control point for regulating cell surface proteolysis.
Hydrophobic Associative Copolymer with Favorable Properties for the Application in Polymer Flooding (2011)

Abstract A new thickener based on associative properties and its application in polymer flooding is discussed. The new thickener is an anionic, water-soluble copolymer containing pendant associative groups. These associative groups are based on a novel chemistry (patent application filed). The viscosity of the new copolymer shows superior behavior compared to existing technologies like partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), especially at elevated temperature and in presence of salt respectively divalent ions. A viscosity of 33 mPas at 60°C could be obtained by adding 900 ppm of the new copolymer to synthetic sea water. In comparison, with a high molecular weight standard partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) a value of only 3 mPas was reached. Moreover, the new polymer shows good resistance to shear during injection. Core flood experiments were run to prove that the new associative thickening polymer is applicable in the field. These data show injectivity into a 2 Darcy core. Moreover the apparent viscosity of the polymer flood in the core outperforms the values found with commonly used polymers by far. The residual resistance factor indicates low adsorption onto sandstone.
Comparison of plasmid transformation and the cloning of recombinant DNA in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis (1981)

The molecular cloning of the malM gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a strain of S. pneumoniae bearing a deletion of the chromosomal mal region enabled us to investigate the feasibility of recombinant DNA cloning also in the presence of chromosomal homology. Encouraged by the information so obtained, we then inserted chromosomal fragments into pLS1, a miniplasmid derivative of the pMV158 vector used for the mal cloning, in its single EcoRI restriction site. In this manner the sul-d gene responsible for sulonamide resistance was cloned. The availability of the mal recombinant plasmid also allowed a comparison between plasmid transfer, that is the establishment of a new plasmid, the plasmid transformation, that is the alteration of a homologous endogenous plasmid, in S. pneumoniae. These findings were related to published work by others on plasmid transfer and transformation in S. pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis. In both species the results are consistent with a mode of DNA entry in which single strand fragments of donor DNA are introduced into the cell. Models for the subsequent reconstruction of plasmid and recombinant DNA are presented.
Scatter correction for x-ray conebeam CT using one-dimensional primary modulation (2009)

Recently, we developed an efficient scatter correction method for x-ray imaging using primary modulation. A two-dimensional (2D) primary modulator with spatially variant attenuating materials is inserted between the x-ray source and the object to separate primary and scatter signals in the Fourier domain. Due to the high modulation frequency in both directions, the 2D primary modulator has a strong scatter correction capability for objects with arbitrary geometries. However, signal processing on the modulated projection data requires knowledge of the modulator position and attenuation. In practical systems, mainly due to system gantry vibration, beam hardening effects and the ramp-filtering in the reconstruction, the insertion of the 2D primary modulator results in artifacts such as rings in the CT images, if no post-processing is applied. In this work, we eliminate the source of artifacts in the primary modulation method by using a one-dimensional (1D) modulator. The modulator is aligned parallel to the ramp-filtering direction to avoid error magnification, while sufficient primary modulation is still achieved for scatter correction on a quasicylindrical object, such as a human body. The scatter correction algorithm is also greatly simplified for the convenience and stability in practical implementations. The method is evaluated on a clinical CBCT system using the Catphan© 600 phantom. The result shows effective scatter suppression without introducing additional artifacts. In the selected regions of interest, the reconstruction error is reduced from 187.2HU to 10.0HU if the proposed method is used.
Interplay of design parameters and fabrication conditions on the performance of monomode fibers made by MCVD (1981)

An apparently undocumented loss mechanism in monomode fibers with germanium doped cores is demonstrated. This loss increases as the fiber drawing temperature and/or the germanium concentration increases. By consideration of this mechanism in the fiber design and fabrication, losses lower than previously reported have been achieved both in fiber with low germanium concentration (0.38 dB/km at 1.3 μm) and in higher doped, dispersion shifted fiber (0.37 dB/km at 1.55μm). The constraints on fiber design as a consequence of this loss mechanism are discussed.
New wrought Ni-based superalloys with low thermal expansion for 700C steam turbines (2002)

Advanced 700C class steam turbines require austenitic alloys to replace conventional ferritic 12Cr steels, which lose creep strength and oxidation resistance above 650C. The austenitic alloys, however, possess a higher thermal expansion coefficient than ferritic 12Cr steels. Therefore, Ni-based superalloys were tailored to reduce their coefficients to the level of 12Cr steels. A regression analysis of commercial superalloys proves that Ti, Mo and Al decrease the coefficient quantitatively in this order, while Cr increases it so significantly that Cr should be limited to 12wt% to secure oxidation resistance. The newly designed Ni-18Mo-12Cr-1.1Ti-0.9Al alloy is strengthened by gamma-prime [Ni{sub 3}(Al,Ti)] and also Laves [Ni{sub 2}(Mo,Cr)] phase precipitates. It bears a RT/700C mean expansion coefficient equivalent to that of 12Cr steels and far lower than that of low-alloyed heat resistant steels. It surpasses a current turbine alloy, Refractaloy 26, in tensile strength at RT to 700C and SCC life in 330C deaerated pure water. Its creep rupture life at 700C is equivalent to that of Refractaloy 26. The developed alloy will be suitable for fasteners and/or blades in steam turbines at present and future USC power plants. (orig.)
Synthèse de composées photoréticulables, 7. Télomères des acides acrylique et méthacrylique gréffés par méthacrylate d'époxy‐2,3 propyle (1987)

Abstract Telomers were prepared from acrylic or methacrylic acid and CCl 3 Br, C 12 H 25 SH, C 18 H 37 SH or C 8 F 17 C 2 H 4 SH by initiation with 2,2'‐azoisobutyronitrile. The transfer constant of CCl 3 Br and the thiols, which are about 0,03 and 0,5, respectively, were determined. These telomers were used as supports of photopolymerizable functions, which were introduced by grafting of 2,3‐epoxypropyl methacrylate, catalysed with dodecyldimethylamine. The reactions were followed by 1 H NMR, elemental analyses, tonometrie, and especially by GPC and titration of the acid functions. The grafting telomers, holding many acrylic functions which react upon UV and electron irradiation, give photoreticulated varnish coatings with very interesting properties.
<i>L</i> <sub>1</sub> -medial skeleton of point cloud (2013)

We introduce L 1 - medial skeleton as a curve skeleton representation for 3D point cloud data. The L 1 -median is well-known as a robust global center of an arbitrary set of points. We make the key observation that adapting L 1 -medians locally to a point set representing a 3D shape gives rise to a one-dimensional structure, which can be seen as a localized center of the shape. The primary advantage of our approach is that it does not place strong requirements on the quality of the input point cloud nor on the geometry or topology of the captured shape. We develop a L 1 -medial skeleton construction algorithm, which can be directly applied to an unoriented raw point scan with significant noise, outliers, and large areas of missing data. We demonstrate L 1 -medial skeletons extracted from raw scans of a variety of shapes, including those modeling high-genus 3D objects, plant-like structures, and curve networks.
Sigma-Point Kalman Filters for Integrated Navigation (2004)

Core to integrated navigation systems is the concept of fusing noisy observations from GPS, Inertial Measurement Units (IMU), and other available sensors. The current industry standard and most widely used algorithm for this purpose is the extended Kalman filter (EKF) [6]. The EKF combines the sensor measurements with predictions coming from a model of vehicle motion (either dynamic or kinematic), in order to generate an estimate of the current navigational state (position, velocity, and attitude). This paper points out the inherent shortcomings in using the EKF and presents, as an alternative, a family of improved derivativeless nonlinear Kalman filters called sigma-point Kalman filters (SPKF). We demonstrate the improved state estimation performance of the SPKF by applying it to the problem of loosely coupled GPS/INS integration. A novel method to account for latency in the GPS updates is also developed for the SPKF (such latency compensation is typically inaccurate or not practical with the EKF). A UAV (rotor-craft) test platform is used to demonstrate the results. Performance metrics indicate an approximate 30% error reduction in both attitude and position estimates relative to the baseline EKF implementation.
Characteristic gamma-lactone odor production of the genus Pityrosporum (1979)

Mass spectrometric-gas chromatographic analysis of culture headspaces revealed that members of the genous Pityrosporum produce volatile gamma-lactones during growth on lipid-containing media. Representative members of other yeast genera found on humans failed to produce these compounds. Addition of lecithin, oleic acids, triolein, or human sebum to the culture media stimulated gamma-lactone production by Pityrosporum species. All yeasts tested produced isopentanol and phenylethanol. Production of gamma-lactones may serve as a valuable characteristic in the identification of organisms of the genus Pityrosporum.
Sequence and genomic organization of GBV-C: A novel member of the flaviviridae associated with human non-A-E hepatitis (1996)

Recently, sequences from a novel virus, termed GB virus C (GBV-C), were identified in serum from several patients with cryptogenic hepatitis. In the present study, the nucleotide sequence of this virus has been extended to near-genome length. GBV-C encodes a putative single large polyprotein in which the structural proteins are positioned at the N-terminal end, with the non-structural proteins located at the C-terminal end. Amino acid sequence analysis of this large polyprotein reveals the presence of protease, helicase, and replicase motifs. Sequence alignments of the polyprotein followed by phylogenetic analyses suggest that GBV-C is a member of the Flaviviridae, most closely related to the recently described GB virus A.
Evaluation of a radiation transport modeling method for radioactive bone cement (2010)

Spinal metastases are a common and serious manifestation of cancer, and are often treated with vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty followed by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). As an alternative, we have introduced radioactive bone cement, i.e. bone cement incorporated with a radionuclide. In this study, we present a Monte Carlo radiation transport modeling method to calculate dose distributions within vertebrae containing radioactive cement. Model accuracy was evaluated by comparing model-predicted depth-dose curves to those measured experimentally in eight cadaveric vertebrae using radiochromic film. The high-gradient regions of the depth-dose curves differed by radial distances of 0.3-0.9 mm, an improvement over EBRT dosimetry accuracy. The low-gradient regions differed by 0.033-0.055 Gy/h/mCi, which may be important in situations involving prior spinal cord irradiation. Using a more rigorous evaluation of model accuracy, four models predicted the measured dose distribution within the experimental uncertainty, as represented by the 95% confidence interval of the measured log-linear depth-dose curve. The remaining four models required modification to account for marrow lost from the vertebrae during specimen preparation. However, the accuracy of the modified model results indicated that, when this source of uncertainty is accounted for, this modeling method can be used to predict dose distributions in vertebrae containing radioactive cement.
Construction of High-Rate Generalized Concatenated Codes for Applications in Non-Volatile Flash Memories (2016)

This work proposes a construction for high-rate generalized concatenated (GC) codes. The proposed codes are well suited for error correction in flash memories for high reliability data storage. The GC codes are constructed from inner nested binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes and outer Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. For the inner codes we propose extended BCH codes, where we apply single parity-check codes in the first level of the GC code. This enables high-rate codes.
Compact Fiber Frequency Combs for Precision Measurement Outside the Metrology Lab (2018)

We discuss the development of compact fiber frequency combs which can enable precision measurements outside of the metrology lab. To illustrate their impact, we present recent results using these combs for optical two-way time-frequency transfer.