gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum Homocysteine Level in Parkinson’s Disease and Its Association with Duration, Cardinal Manifestation, and Severity of Disease (2018)

Increasing serum homocysteine level elevates the rate to having PD. Serum homocysteine levels did not have any relationship with the duration of the disease, type of cardinal manifestation, and the severity of Parkinson's disease.
TRAIL Deficiency Does Not Rescue Impaired CD8+ T Cell Memory Generated in the Absence of CD4+ T Cell Help (2008)

Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells immunized in the absence of CD4(+) T cell help, so-called "unhelped" CD8(+) T cells, are defective in function and survival. We investigated the role of the proapoptotic molecule TRAIL in this defect. We first demonstrate that TRAIL does not contribute to the CD8(+) T cell response to Listeria monocytogenes strain expressing OVA (LmOVA) in the presence of CD4(+) T cells. Secondly, we generated mice doubly deficient in CD4(+) T cells and TRAIL and analyzed their CD8(+) T cell response to LmOVA. Memory CD8(+) T cells in double-deficient mice waned over time and were not protective against rechallenge, similar to their TRAIL-sufficient unhelped counterparts. To avoid the effects of CD4(+) T cell deficiency during memory maintenance, and to address whether TRAIL plays a role in the early programming of the CD8(+) T cell response, we performed experiments using heterologous prime and early boost immunizations. We did not observe activation-induced cell death of unhelped CD8(+) T cells when mice were infected with followed vaccinia virus expressing OVA 9 days later by LmOVA infection. Furthermore, primary immunization of CD4(+) T cell-deficient mice with cell-associated Ag followed by LmOVA infection did not reveal a role for TRAIL-mediated activation-induced cell death. Overall, our results suggest that CD4(+) T cell help for the CD8(+) T cell response is not contingent on the silencing of TRAIL expression and prevention of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
Regulation of the central glycolytic genes in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: binding of the repressor CggR to its single DNA target sequence is modulated by fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate (2003)

Glycolysis is one of the best and widely conserved general metabolic pathways. Bacillus subtilis enzymes catalysing the central part of glycolysis, gathering the steps of interconversion of the triose phosphates from dihydroxyacetone-phosphate to phosphoenolpyruvate, are encoded by five genes, gapA, pgk, tpi, pgm and eno. They are transcribed in a hexacistronic operon together with cggR, the first cistron, encoding the repressor of this gapA operon. Using deletion analysis, we have localized the CggR operator between the promoter and the first gene of the operon. CggR was purified and used in gel mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting experiments to delimit its target sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis and in vivo tests demonstrated that it consists of two direct-repeats (CGGGACN6TGTCN4CGGGACN6TG TC). Sequence analysis and transcriptome comparison of a wild-type and a cggR mutant strain strongly suggested that CggR regulates only the gapA operon. The presence of glycolytic carbon sources induces expression of the gapA operon. Genetic experiments allowed us to identify the metabolic steps required for the formation of the CggR effector. In vitro experiments with the suggested candidates allowed us to demonstrate that fructose-1,6-biphosphate (FBP) acts as an inhibitor of CggR DNA-binding activity (10 mM for full inhibition). FBP is thus the major signal for both CcpA-dependent catabolite repression (or activation) and activation of the central glycolytic genes. Genomic sequence comparisons suggest that these results can apply to numerous low-G+C, Gram-positive bacterial species.
PEA-15 unphosphorylated at both serine 104 and serine 116 inhibits ovarian cancer cell tumorigenicity and progression through blocking β-catenin (2012)

Ovarian cancer is a major cause of death among women; there remains an urgent need to develop new effective therapies to target this cancer. Phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes (PEA-15) is a 15-kDa phosphoprotein that is known to bind ERK1/2, thus blocking cell proliferation. The physiological activity of PEA-15 is dependent on the phosphorylation status of serine 104 (Ser104) and Ser116. However, little is known about the impact of PEA-15 phosphorylation on tumor progression. We have previously shown that overexpression of PEA-15 has an antitumor effect against both breast and ovarian cancer cells. Here, we report that using a human ovarian cancer tissue microarray, we found that tissues from patients with ovarian cancer were significantly more likely than adjacent normal tissues to express PEA-15 phosphorylated at both sites. Using phosphomimetic and nonphosphorylatable mutants of PEA-15, we found that mutant double-unphosphorylated PEA-15 in which Ser104 and Ser116 were substituted with alanine (PEA-15-AA) had a more potent antitumorigenic effect in ovarian cancer than did phosphomimetic PEA-15 in which Ser104 and Ser116 were substituted with aspartic acid (PEA-15-DD). Further, we observed that the antitumorigenic effect of PEA-15-AA was a result of inhibition of the migration capacity of cells and inhibition of in vivo angiogenesis. This inhibition was partially dependent on inhibition of β-catenin expression and nuclear translocalization. Taken together, our results suggest that phosphorylated PEA-15 is an important contributor to the aggressiveness of ovarian cancer and justify the development of PEA-15-AA as an effective therapeutic molecule in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Ontology-Based Methodology for Managing Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

With the growing interest in ubiquitous technologies recently, many studies have been conducted in order to manage wireless sensor network, which is the central component in ubiquitous environment. To manage a certain wireless sensor network, a variety of techniques can be applied and thereby the network can be managed. However, it is very complicated and time-consuming to incorporate and manage more than a heterogeneous wireless sensor network since each network has different data, meanings, and terms. Instead of conducting verification through examining the detailed technology or simulation in order to manage a variety of wireless sensor networks, we suggest a methodology which manages data coming from the various sensors mentioned above, a technique by which those data from various sensor networks are managed in each different network, and a methodology which manages sensor networks where management languages exist. This paper defined the network-related terminology using Protégé for the tools and definitions necessary for ontology-based methodology, thereby defined OWL and the related rules, and suggested a methodology for incorporated management. In addition, this study showed that the methodology presented in this study has expandability and it can incorporate and manage a variety of wireless sensor networks.
Optical Disks And Supercomputers (1985)

The 1990's generation of supercomputers could perform at a computational rate in excess of a Tera Operation Per Second (TOPS). for these very high performance supercomputers to be effectively used requires a new generation of peripheral storage devices. Based on present supercomputer storage capacities and transfer rates, the TOPS input/output (I/O) problem will be scoped. Methods for handling data in a realistic operational mode are examined along with strategies that could yield an acceptable solution. The elements of the solution includes hardware, data base software and special expert systems to manage the operational environment of the supercomputer complex. A NASA supercomputer complex will be used as examples of how design decisions impact the performance of the total system including the optical disk.
GaAs field-effect transistor with an atomically precise ultrashort gate (1991)

We present a new type of depletion-mode field-effect transistor (FET) with an inherently ultrashort gate length. The device is fabricated exclusively via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in GaAs/AlGaAs by cleaved-edge overgrowth of a suitably prepared MBE-grown substrate. The channel, as well as the gate, of this T-FET consists of a high-mobility, two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) generated by modulation doping of GaAs quantum wells. The planes of the 2D systems are orthogonal to one another forming a ‘‘T’’ whose legs approach each other at the intercept to within 200 Å. In this way, the thickness of one of the quantum wells (200 Å) established the gate length of the device. All elements of the T-FET are completely immersed into the semiconductor material and all relevant length scales are established to atomic precision by MBE. Schottky barriers do not enter the device characteristics. Our first T-FET reaches transconductances of 196 and 410 mS/mm at 77 and 4.2 K, respectively.
Secure remote diagnostics of a vehicle using UGP (2017)

Diagnostics of a vehicle has been predominantly done at the garage (service center). Thus, it was always considered to be over a "trusted" access. In the recent past the trend is to move towards making this diagnostic available to a remote location i.e. over an untrusted network for various features such as predictive diagnostics, ADAS (advanced driver assistance systems), automated driving etc. Currently there are proprietary solutions (specific to OEMs) available for remote diagnostics and secure vehicle access. In 2015, ISO has come with a specification (ISO 13185-2) of a framework called UGP (Unified Gateway Protocol) which defines standardized access to vehicle via a nomadic device. This work attempts to define and validate a secure standardized system architecture for remote diagnostics as per ISO-13185-2, using a nomadic device (tester), In-vehicle gateway and automotive electronic control unit (ECU to be diagnosed).
Temporal trends and risk factors for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in adults with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (2014)

This study provides evidence that treatment with beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antibiotics is a risk factor for acquiring ESBL-producing E. coli CAUTI, and the prevalence of this organism may be increasing in acute care hospitals.
Adjunctive Passive Immunotherapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Individuals Treated with Antiviral Therapy during Acute and Early Infection (2007)

Three neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10, with activity in vitro and in vivo were administered in an open-label, nonrandomized, proof-of-concept study to attempt to prevent viral rebound after interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Ten human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals identified and treated with ART during acute and early infection were enrolled. The first six patients were administered 1.0 g of each of the three MAbs per infusion. The remaining four patients received 2G12 at 1.0 g/infusion and 2.0 g/infusion of 2F5 and 4E10. The MAbs were well tolerated. Grade I post-partial thromboplastin time prolongations were noted. Viral rebound was observed in 8/10 subjects (28 to 73 days post-ART interruption), and 2/10 subjects remained aviremic over the course of the study. In seven of eight subjects with viral rebound, clear resistance to 2G12 emerged, whereas reductions in the susceptibilities of plasma-derived recombinant viruses to 2F5 and 4E10 were neither sustained nor consistently measured. Viral rebound was associated with a preferential depletion of CD4(+) T cells within the gastrointestinal tract. Though safe, the use of MAbs generally delayed, but did not prevent, virologic rebound. Consideration should be given to further pilot studies with alternative combinations of MAbs and perhaps additional novel treatment modalities.
Hepatic lipid accumulation in healthy subjects: A comparative study using spectral fat‐selective MRI and volume‐localized <sup>1</sup>H‐MR spectroscopy (2006)

Fat-selective MRI was applied to assess the amount and spatial distribution of hepatic lipids (HL) in healthy subjects. The results were compared with those obtained by localized 1H-MR spectroscopy (MRS). Ninety subjects (23-63 years old) underwent single-slice fat-selective MRI with spatial-spectral excitation and volume-localized spectroscopy at 1.5 T. HLs were analyzed in ventral and dorsal regions of interest (ROIs) of the liver in fat-selective images. Spectra were evaluated using the integral signal of methylene and methyl signals. The fat-selective images showed smooth and homogeneous distribution of HL over the entire cross section of the liver. There was, however, a marked interindividual variability in the amount of HL. MRS revealed a lipid signal fraction between 0.5% and 39.3%. The fat content in the ROIs in images correlated well with the spectroscopic results (r >or= 0.95). Both techniques provide sufficient sensitivity for a reliable and quantitative assessment of liver steatosis in subjects without liver disease. 1H-MRS has a higher sensitivity compared to MRI, especially for small amounts of HL, which may be of interest for metabolic interventions. Fat-selective images provide more spatial information about fat distribution, which makes this technique suitable for clinical imaging of patients with liver disease.
Processing of temperature field in chemical microreactors with infrared thermography (2006)

This work is devoted to the first analysis of temperature fields related to chemical microfluidic reactors. The heat transport around and inside a microchannel is both convective and diffusive with spatial distribution of source terms and strong conductive effects in the channel surrounding. With simplified assumptions, it is shown that Infrared thermography and processing methods of the temperature frames allow to estimate important fields for the chemical engineers, such as the heating source distribution of the chemical reaction along the channel. A validation experiment of a temperature field processing method is proposed with Joule effect as calibrated source term and non reactive fluids. From such previous experiment, a Peclet field is estimated and used in a further step in order to study an acid-base flow configuration
Neuropeptide Y expression and regulation in a differentiated rat insulin-secreting cell line (1993)

Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid peptide known to inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in various animal models in vitro and in vivo. NPY is thought to be one of the mediators of sympathetic action in the pancreas through nerve endings surrounding the islets, and it has recently been shown to be synthesized within the islets of Langerhans. To elucidate the potential role of NPY in the endocrine pancreas, we studied the expression and regulation of NPY secretion in a rat insulinoma cell line (INS-1). NPY mRNA and peptide are highly expressed and secreted by INS-1 cells. NPY levels were determined by a sensitive and specific two-site amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Incubation of INS-1 cells with various glucose concentrations did not modify NPY secretion; however, stimulation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in NPY release in the medium. The glucagon-like peptide-I-(7-36) amide (GLP-1), a known gluco-incretin in humans, induced at low concentration (10(-9) M) a similar expression of NPY mRNA and peptide secretion in INS-1 cells. On the other hand, the inhibition of cAMP accumulation by the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist clonidine decreased NPY secretion. In conclusion, 1) high levels of gene expression and secretion of NPY are found in a rat insulinoma cell line (INS-1). 2) Accumulation of cAMP induced by forskolin or a gluco-incretin (GLP-1) induces a further increase in NPY gene expression and release. 3) NPY secretion is not modulated by low or high glucose concentrations in the medium. 4) Induction of NPY, a known inhibitor of insulin secretion, may represent a novel counterregulatory mechanism of insulin secretion, limiting the stimulatory effect of GLP-1 on insulin secretion.
Generating Test Cases for Real-Time Systems Based on Symbolic Models (2013)

The state space explosion problem is one of the challenges to be faced by test case generation techniques, particularly when data values need to be enumerated. This problem gets even worse for real-time systems (RTS) that also have time constraints. The usual solution in this context, based on finite state machines or time automata, consists of enumerating data values (restricted to finite domains) while treating time symbolically. In this paper, a symbolic model for conformance testing of real-time systems software named TIOSTS that addresses both data and time symbolically is presented. Moreover, a test case generation process is defined to select more general test cases with variables and parameters that can be instantiated at testing execution time. Generation is based on a combination of symbolic execution and constraint solving for the data part and symbolic analysis for timed aspects. Furthermore, the practical application of the process is investigated through a case study.
Formation, oxidation, electronic, and electrical properties of copper silicides (1990)

The solid state reaction between copper and silicon has been studied using Rutherford backscattering, glancing-angle x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Schottky-barrier-height measurements on n-type Si (100) have also been performed in the temperature range of 95–295 K with the use of a current-voltage technique. The results show that a metal-rich compound with a composition in the Cu3Si range forms at low temperatures (473 K). The electronic properties of the compound are dominated by the hybridization between the Cu(d) and Si(p) valence states. A direct consequence of this hybridization is the peculiar oxidation behavior of the compound surface; both Cu and Si have been found to oxidize at room temperature. The oxidation of Si in the silicide is enhanced as compared with the oxidation of the elemental single-crystalline Si surface. Upon annealing the oxidized surface, a solid state reaction takes place: Cu2O disappears and a thicker SiO2 layer grows, owing to the large difference in free energies of formation between SiO2 and Cu2O. The n-type barrier height of 0.79 eV for both the as-deposited metal and the metal-rich silicide phase decreases with increasing temperature with a coefficient close to the temperature coefficient of the indirect energy gap in Si. These results suggest that the Fermi level at the interface is pinned relative to the valence-band edge, independent of temperature.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) and Polyphosphate Metabolism in <i>Alcaligenes eutrophus</i> (1989)

The metabolic pathways of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and polyphosphate in the microorganism Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 were studied by H, C, and P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and by conventional analytical techniques. A. eutrophus cells accumulated two storage polymers of PHB and polyphosphate in the presence of carbon and phosphate sources under aerobic conditions after exhaustion of nitrogen sources. The solid-state cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning C NMR spectroscopy was used to study the biosynthetic pathways of PHB and other cellular biomass components from C-labeled acetate. The solid-state C NMR analysis of lyophilized intact cells grown on [1-C]acetate indicated that the carbonyl carbon of acetate was selectively incorporated both into the carbonyl and methine carbons of PHB and into the carbonyl carbons of proteins. The P NMR analysis of A. eutrophus cells in suspension showed that the synthesis of intracellular polyphosphate was closely related to the synthesis of PHB. The roles of PHB and polyphosphate in the cells were studied under conditions of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen source starvation. Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions PHB was degraded, whereas little polyphosphate was degraded. The rate of PHB degradation under anaerobic conditions was faster than that under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, acetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were produced as the major extracellular metabolites. The implications of this observation are discussed in connection with the regulation of PHB and polyphosphate metabolism in A. eutrophus.
Dual role of CD8+ T cells in PLPp91-110 induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in HLA-DR3.Abo transgenic mice (99.1) (2009)

Abstract MS is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS with a presumed autoimmune origin. Prevalent data from animal model of disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) suggests that myelin-specific CD4 T-cells play a major role in disease. Role of CD8 T-cells in MS/EAE has been enigmatic as it has been assigned either regulatory or pathogenic role in disease. Previously we have shown that PLPp91-110 peptide can induce inflammatory neurological disease in HLA-DR3 transgenic (Tg) mice. In order to understand the role of CD8 T cells in this humanized model, we generated HLA-DR3 Tg mice lacking CD8 T cells (DR3.CD8-/-). These mice showed earlier onset and more severe disease when compared to CD8 sufficient HLA-DR3 Tg mice indicating that CD8 T-cells plays a regulatory role. However, pathological analysis of DR3.CD8-/- mice with EAE showed less inflammation and demyelination in CNS compared to DR3.CD8 sufficient mice suggesting a second pathogenic role of CD8 T cells. Thus, our data suggests both a regulatory as well as a pathogenic role of CD8 T cells in EAE and possibly in MS. We have characterized both subsets in detail and show that CD8+CD122- T cells are regulatory subset of CD8 T cells and suppress CD4 T cells by inhibiting antigen presentation pathway, while CD8+CD122- T cells are pathogenic subset. Thus ours is the first study to show a dual role of CD8 T cells in the onset, incidence, progression, severity and pathogenesis of EAE/MS.
Modified Dynamic North-Finding Scheme With a Fiber Optic Gyroscope (2018)

With the development of laser and optical fiber, the north finding system (NFS) with fiber optic gyroscopes (FOGs) has become an active trend in inertial technology research. This paper demonstrates the error analysis of dynamic north-finding with a fiber optic gyroscope and a new way for the FOGs noise measurement in the dynamic implementation. Moreover, in order to suppress the north-finding error caused by FOG bias drift, especially for the small azimuth angle, we propose a modified dynamic north-finding scheme by taking advantage of the dynamic method. The experiments verify the validity of the proposed error analysis for the dynamic implementation. Experimental results show that for a FOG with bias instability of 0.005°/hr, the average (Avg) north-finding bias error is less than 0.03° (0.5 mrad) around 2° azimuth angle by the proposed modified scheme. And compared with the conventional dynamic north-finding, this scheme reduces the estimated error (1σ) of azimuth angle and the bias error (Avg) by 22% and 23.8%, respectively, at the small azimuth angle. For a poorer-performance FOG with 0.0262°/hr bias instability, the proposed method is more effective and reduces 32.4% estimated error (1σ) of azimuth angle.