gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room temperature "Optical Nanodiamond Hyperpolarizer": physics, design and operation (2018)

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is a powerful suite of techniques that deliver multifold signal enhancements in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and MRI. The generated athermal spin states can also be exploited for quantum sensing and as probes for many-body physics. Typical DNP methods require the use of cryogens, large magnetic fields, and high power microwave excitation, which are expensive and unwieldy. Nanodiamond particles, rich in Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers, have attracted attention as alternative DNP agents because they can potentially be optically hyperpolarized at room temperature. Here, unraveling new physics underlying an optical DNP mechanism first introduced by Ajoy et al. [Sci. Adv. 4, eaar5492 (2018)], we report the realization of a miniature "optical nanodiamond hyperpolarizer," where <sup>13</sup>C nuclei within the diamond particles are hyperpolarized via the NV centers. The device occupies a compact footprint and operates at room temperature. Instrumental requirements are very modest: low polarizing fields, low optical and microwave irradiation powers, and convenient frequency ranges that enable miniaturization. We obtain the best reported optical <sup>13</sup>C hyperpolarization in diamond particles exceeding 720 times of the thermal 7 T value (0.86% bulk polarization), corresponding to a ten-million-fold gain in averaging time to detect them by NMR. In addition, the hyperpolarization signal can be background-suppressed by over two-orders of magnitude, retained for multiple-minute long periods at low fields, and deployed efficiently even to <sup>13</sup>C enriched particles. Besides applications in quantum sensing and bright-contrast MRI imaging, this work opens possibilities for low-cost room-temperature DNP platforms that relay the <sup>13</sup>C polarization to liquids in contact with the high surface-area particles.
Identification of the principal proteoglycan-binding site in LDL. A single-point mutation in apo-B100 severely affects proteoglycan interaction without affecting LDL receptor binding. (1998)

The subendothelial retention of LDLs through their interaction with proteoglycans has been proposed to be a key process in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In vitro studies have identified eight clusters of basic amino acids in delipidated apo-B100, the protein moiety of LDL, that bind the negatively charged proteoglycans. To determine which of these sites is functional on the surface of LDL particles, we analyzed the proteoglycan-binding activity of recombinant human LDL isolated from transgenic mice. Substitution of neutral amino acids for the basic amino acids residues in site B (residues 3359-3369) abolished both the receptor-binding and the proteoglycan-binding activities of the recombinant LDL. Chemical modification of the remaining basic residues caused only a marginal further reduction in proteoglycan binding, indicating that site B is the primary proteoglycan-binding site of LDL. Although site B was essential for normal receptor-binding and proteoglycan-binding activities, these activities could be separated in recombinant LDL containing single-point mutation. Recombinant LDL with a K3363E mutation, in which a glutamic acid had been inserted into the basic cluster RKR in site B, had normal receptor binding but interacted defectively with proteoglycans; in contrast, another mutant LDL, R3500Q, displayed defective receptor binding but interacted normally with proteoglycans. LDL with normal receptor-binding activity but with severely impaired proteoglycan binding will be a unique resource for analyzing the importance of LDL- proteoglycan interaction in atherogenesis. If the subendothelial retention of LDL by proteoglycans is the initial event in early atherosclerosis, then LDL with defective proteoglycan binding may have little or no atherogenic potential.
Polarization independent optical filter using interwaveguide TE↔TM conversion (1981)

We report the first demonstration of a polarization-independent, integrated-optic wavelength filter. Polarization-independent filtering is achieved via wavelength selective TE↔TM conversion between a pair of mismatched Ti-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. A peak coupling efficiency of ∼75% and 5-Å filter bandwidth have been achieved.
High‐Pressure Transformation Toughening: A Case Study on Zirconia (1986)

Transformation‐toughened zirconia compacts have been produced using a pressure‐induced phase of zirconia as the toughening agent. The high‐pressure phase is retained metastably after compaction at 8.6 GPa and sintering at temperatures as low as 250°C. High‐pressure processing offers potential for new transformation‐toughening phases in other ceramic materials.
Fundamentals of Stream Processing (2014)

Stream processing is a novel distributed computing paradigm that supports the gathering, processing and analysis of high-volume, heterogeneous, continuous data streams, to extract insights and actionable results in real time. This comprehensive, hands-on guide combining the fundamental building blocks and emerging research in stream processing is ideal for application designers, system builders, analytic developers, as well as students and researchers in the field. This book introduces the key components of the stream computing paradigm, including the distributed system infrastructure, the programming model, design patterns and streaming analytics. The explanation of the underlying theoretical principles, illustrative examples and implementations using the IBM InfoSphere Streams SPL language and real-world case studies provide students and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of such applications and the middleware that supports them.
Validation of Bioimpedance Analysis as a Measure of Change in Body Cell Mass as Estimated by Whole‐Body Counting of Potassium in Adults (1999)

BIA is a useful surrogate for measuring changes in BCM in clinical circumstances. Because TBK assesses only intracellular potassium, whereas BIA reflects all intracellular cations, the underprediction of BCM change by BIA compared with TBK could be related to changes in intracellular potassium concentration as a result of malnutrition or its treatment.
Structural Design Trade-Offs for MEMS Vibratory Rate Gyroscopes With 2-DOF Sense Modes (2007)

Our previous work demonstrated the advantages of MEMS vibratory gyroscopes with 1 degree of freedom (DOF) drive and 2-DOF sense modes which were shown to be robust to temperature drifts. These devices were designed with frequencies below 1 kHz; many applications, however, require gyroscopes with operational frequencies above 1 kHz for the rejection of ambient vibrations. This paper discusses the design trade-offs associated with increasing the frequency of the 3-DOF gyroscope design concept. Lumped parameter models were used to simulate the effects of frequency increases on the device, focusing on the 2-DOF sense mode. The simulations showed that the sense mode peak spacing increases with frequency which ultimately causes a decrease in sensitivity. A series of 3-DOF gyroscope prototypes with diferent operational frequencies ranging from 0.7 kHz to 5.1 kHz were designed, fabricated, and characterized.
Fluorescence Turn-On Sensing of DNA Duplex Formation by a Tricyclic Cytidine Analogue (2017)

Most fluorescent nucleoside analogues are quenched when base stacked and some maintain their brightness, but there has been little progress toward developing nucleoside analogues that markedly increase their fluorescence upon duplex formation. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of a new tricyclic cytidine analogue, 8-diethylamino-tC (8-DEA-tC), that responds to DNA duplex formation with up to a 20-fold increase in fluorescent quantum yield as compared with the free nucleoside, depending on neighboring bases. This turn-on response to duplex formation is the greatest of any reported nucleoside analogue that can participate in Watson-Crick base pairing. Measurements of the quantum yield of 8-DEA-tC mispaired with adenosine and, separately, opposite an abasic site show that there is almost no fluorescence increase without the formation of correct Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds. Kinetic isotope effects from the use of deuterated buffer show that the duplex protects 8-DEA-tC against quenching by excited state proton transfer. These results, supported by DFT calculations, suggest a rationale for the observed photophysical properties that is dependent on duplex integrity and the electronic structure of the analogue.
Analysis of Magnetic Properties on the Outer Rotor Type Hybrid Stepping Motors Using 3D Finite Element Method (2005)

The three-dimensional magnetic field analysis has clarified the effect of several structural and manufacturing factors on the properties of the outer rotor type stepping motors. (1) The number of rotor teeth, 128, can make a unit step angle under 0.5 degree and a cogging torque under 1mNm for the outer rotor type stepping motor with the outer diameter under 60mm and with the output torque above 0.4Nm. (2) The permanent magnet flux has an optimal value dependent on the thickness of the laminated core to maximize the motor torque. (3) The lamination stacking error of the small teeth of the rotor and stator has a large effect on the cogging torque of the stepping motor.
A hybrid approach for core-based system-level power modeling (2000)

Article A hybrid approach for core-based system-level power modeling Share on Authors: Tony Givargis Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CAView Profile , Frank Vahid Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CAView Profile , Jörg Henkel C&C Research Laboratories, NEC, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ C&C Research Laboratories, NEC, 4 Independence Way, Princeton, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims ASP-DAC '00: Proceedings of the 2000 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation ConferenceJanuary 2000 Pages 141–146https://doi.org/10.1145/368434.368593Published:28 January 2000 10citation266DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads266Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
A Distributed Local Area Network Packet Protocol for Combined Voice and Data Transmission (1983)

Local area networks designed to carry a variety of traffic such as data, voice, facsimile, and video should be able to implement low latency virtual circuits to meet the demands of periodic traffic. We have designed a partially distributed algorithm to efficiently schedule voice traffic on a unidirectional bus system called Fasnet. Virtual channels are allocated for the duration of a talk spurt and relinquished during the intervening silent intervals. Conversations already in progress, but without an assigned circuit, take precedence over newly arriving calls. Unused voice capacity may be utilized by data stations when required. Simulations of the system indicate that performance is close to that obtained by an ideal TASI multiplexer. While the algorithm is unfair, this is not a significant factor unless the network is loaded very heavily. Further, except for a "sojourn" time unused voice capacity is utilized by the data stations.
Coherence eﬀect compensation in diﬀuser-based quantitative phase imaging (2020)

We demonstrate a method for increasing the effective resolution of phase retrieval based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE) named speckle high-resolution synthetic spectrum (speckle-HSS), as the upgraded version of the speckle-TIE approach we proposed before based on the quantitative phase imaging camera with a weak diffuser (QPICWD). Benefit from the phase gradient transfer function (PGTF) and phase transfer function (PTF), the phase blurring caused by the underestimation of phase gradient can be compensated correctly via combining TIE and PTF-based deconvolution. This method broadens the application range, alleviating the artifacts and enhancing the contrast and resolution in more accurate value. The experimental results of live HeLa cells have been presented, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a E1/E2 Envelope Glycoprotein Vaccine Elicits Antibodies That Differentially Neutralize Closely Related 2a Strains through Interactions of the N-Terminal Hypervariable Region 1 of E2 with Scavenger Receptor B1 (2019)

The global health burden for hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains high, despite available effective treatments. To eliminate HCV, a prophylactic vaccine is needed. One major challenge in the development of a vaccine is the genetic diversity of the virus, with 7 major genotypes and many subtypes. A global vaccine must be effective against all HCV genotypes. Our previous data showed that the 1a E1/E2 glycoprotein vaccine component elicits broad cross-neutralizing antibodies in humans and animals. However, some variation is seen in the effectiveness of these antibodies to neutralize different HCV genotypes and isolates. Of interest was the differences in neutralizing activity against two closely related isolates of HCV genotype 2a, the J6 and JFH-1 strains. Using site-directed mutagenesis to generate chimeric viruses between the J6 and JFH-1 strains, we found that variant amino acids within the core E2 glycoprotein domain of these two HCV genotype 2a viruses do not influence isolate-specific neutralization. Further analysis revealed that the N-terminal hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the E2 protein determines the sensitivity of isolate-specific neutralization, and the HVR1 of the resistant J6 strain binds scavenger receptor class-B type-1 (SR-B1), while the sensitive JFH-1 strain does not. Our data provide new information on mechanisms of isolate-specific neutralization to facilitate the optimization of a much-needed HCV vaccine.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> A vaccine is still urgently needed to overcome the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic. It is estimated that 1.75 million new HCV infections occur each year, many of which will go undiagnosed and untreated. Untreated HCV can lead to continued spread of the disease, progressive liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually, end-stage liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previously, our 1a E1/E2 glycoprotein vaccine was shown to elicit broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies; however, there remains variation in the effectiveness of these antibodies against different HCV genotypes. In this study, we investigated determinants of differential neutralization sensitivity between two highly related genotype 2a isolates, J6 and JFH-1. Our data indicate that the HVR1 region determines neutralization sensitivity to vaccine antisera through modulation of sensitivity to antibodies and interactions with SR-B1. Our results provide additional insight into optimizing a broadly neutralizing HCV vaccine.
Pulse duration measurements of grazing-incidence-pumped high repetition rate Ni-like Ag and Cd transient soft x-ray lasers (2006)

We have measured the pulse duration of gain-saturated 13.9 nm Ni-like Ag and 13.2 nm Ni-like Cd transient collisional lasers excited by grazing-incidence-pumping for several pumping conditions. High-resolution streak-camera measurements yielded FWHM pulse durations close to 5 ps for both lasers under optimum pumping conditions. The very high brightness and short pulse duration of these new high repetition tabletop soft x-ray lasers make them an attractive source for dynamic applications.
Tailoring dielectric resonator geometries for directional scattering, Huygens' metasurfaces, and high quality-factor Fano resonances (2016)

Metamaterial dielectric resonators represent a promising path toward low-loss metamaterials at optical frequencies. In this paper we utilize perturbations of high symmetry resonator geometries, such as cubes, either to overlap the electric and magnetic dipole resonances, thereby enabling directional scattering and Huygens' metasurfaces, or to induce couplings between the otherwise orthogonal resonator modes to achieve high-quality factor Fano resonances. Our results are fully scalable across any frequency bands where high-permittivity dielectric materials are available, including microwave, THz and infrared frequencies.
<title>Digital holography applied to microscopy</title> (2002)

We report on new developments of a technique called Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM), for the numerical reconstruction of digital holograms taken in microscopy, which allows simultaneous amplitude and quantitative phase contrast imaging. The reconstruction method computes the propagation of the complex optical wavefront diffracted by the object and is used to determine the refractive index and/or shape of the object with accuracies in the nanometer range along the optical axis.. The method requires the acquisition of a single hologram. The technique comprises the recording of a digital hologram of the specimen by means of a standard CCD camera at the exit of a Mach-Zehnder or Michelson type interferometer. The quantitative nature of the reconstructed phase distribution has been demonstrated by an application to surface profilometry where step height differences of a few nanometers have been measured. Another application takes place in biology for transmission phase- contrast imaging of living cells in culture. The resolution for thickness measurements depends on the refractive index of the specimen and a resolution of approximately 30 nanometers in height, and about half of a micro in width, has been achieved for living neural cells in cultures by using a high numerical aperture.
Rapid test for lung maturity, based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirate, predicted respiratory distress syndrome with high sensitivity (2016)

Our rapid test for lung maturity, based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirate, predicted RDS with high sensitivity.
Compact dual‐polarised microstrip patch antenna with high interport isolation for 2.5 GHz in‐band full‐duplex wireless applications (2017)

In‐band full duplex (IBFD) wireless operation can be accomplished by mitigating the self‐interference (SI) at the receiver that is caused by coupling of radio‐frequency power from its own transmitter. Maximum amount of SI cancellation (SIC) should be achieved at antenna stage to enable full‐duplex wireless communication operation at same frequency. This study presents the design and implementation of a compact two‐port dual‐polarised microstrip patch antenna which uses three‐port microstrip patch antenna with 3 dB ring hybrid coupler as SIC circuit to achieve high interport isolation. The implemented antenna provides 57dB interport isolation between transmit and receive ports at centre frequency of 2.5GHz with linear orthogonal polarisation and interport isolation is better than 40dB for 50MHz bandwidth. The fabricated compact microstrip patch antenna has 3.1 and 3.7 dBi gains for Tx and Rx modes, respectively. The proposed antenna has comparatively wider 10dB input bandwidth (50MHz) along with high interport isolation.
Michael Acceptor Approach to the Design of New Salvinorin A- Based High Affinity Ligands to the Kappa-Opioid Receptor (2012)

Psychoactive natural products have been used to study the intricate workings of various receptor systems in the central nervous system (CNS). Our studies focused on the identification of plant metabolites responsible for CNS activity and designing new ligands with high affinity to CNS receptors. Salvinorin A, the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen isolated from the plant Salvia divinorum, has received great attention since the kappa-opiod receptor (KOR) was identified as its molecular target. Previously, extensive efforts were made to understand how salvinorin A binds to and activates KOR [1–5]. Our goal is to design a series of ligands with high affinity to KOR to further explore the ligand-receptor interactions at the molecular level. In continuation of our research work towards designing irreversible ligands [4,5], we synthesized a series of Michael acceptor type of new salvinorin A derivatives and evaluated their binding affinity to KOR, MOR and DOR.
Improved low power, modular thermal neutron counter based on microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (MSND) (2016)

A modular, mass-producible, low-power, compact thermal-neutron counter has been developed to meet the needs for modern detector instruments and to compete with aging <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He-based counter systems. The Domino™ V5.4 neutron detector package is populated with four 1-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active-area microstructured semiconductor neutron detectors (MSNDs). The detectors are calibrated to an intrinsic thermal neutron detection efficiency of 30% over its 4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area. A gamma-ray rejection ratio of at least 1:10” <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> is achieved at this calibration level. Total device dimensions measure 2.5-cm wide by 3.8-cm tall and 0.47-cm thick, weighing 9.5 g. Individual Dominoes™ can be tiled together into strings and then arrayed laterally to form large-area instruments. In this form, the small sensor can populate instruments up to 1 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , with a cost that is comparable to a similar <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He-based array. The addition of I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C-based bias and threshold controllers reduces sensor cost and complexity over the previously-reported Domino™ versions (V3.0 and V4.0) and allows for user-end calibrations and modifications. Furthermore, the Domino™ has realized 10× reduced power consumption over previous versions, to nearly 90μW at 3.3 volts, while also reducing sensitivity to thermal- and capacitance-induced noise from the MSNDs, making the Domino™ an ideal candidate for <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He replacement and implementation in low-power, portable neutron-detector instruments.
Allele-Specific Silencing of Mutant mRNA Rescues Ultrastructural and Arrhythmic Phenotype in Mice Carriers of the R4496C Mutation in the Ryanodine Receptor Gene ( <i>RYR2</i> ) (2017)

The study demonstrates that allele-specific silencing with miRYR2-U10 prevents life-threatening arrhythmias in CPVT mice, suggesting that the reduction of mutant RyR2 may be a novel therapeutic approach for CPVT.