gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of ophthalmic zoster (1993)

The natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus and aspects of its treatment and prevention are presented. Intraocular complications occur in 50 percent of cases. Anterior uveitis and the various varieties of keratitis are commonest, affecting 92% and 52% of patients with ocular involvement, respectively. Sight-threatening complications include neuropathic keratitis, perforation, secondary glaucoma, posterior scleritis/orbital apex syndrome, optic neuritis, and acute retinal necrosis. Twenty-eight percent of initially involved eyes develop long-term ocular disease (6 months), with chronic uveitis, keratitis, and neuropathic ulceration being the commonest. Acute pain occurs in 93% of patients and is still present in 31% at 6 months. Of patients aged 60 and over pain persists in 30% for 6 months or longer, and this rises to 71% in those aged 80 and over. Current evidence favours the use of topical acyclovir alone for treatment of established ocular complications, with topical steroids being withheld in all but the most severe cases. Stellate ganglion block has proved useful in the treatment of established acute pain. Amitryptiline, and to a lesser extent sodium valproate, are useful in established chronic pain. Evidence of the efficacy of early oral acyclovir on ocular complications is conflicting, with two studies reporting significant improvement in differing disease parameters. A similar situation exists for pain, with published studies showing differing effects on pain at varying times after the onset of disease. The use of systemic steroids to prevent pain is not supported by currently available evidence, but its therapeutic relationship with acyclovir requires further evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dependence of alpha-helical and beta-sheet amino acid propensities on the overall protein fold type (2012)

The α-helix propensities are similar for all folds and for exposed and buried residues. However, β-sheet propensities calculated for exposed residues differ from those for buried residues, indicating that the exposed-residue fraction is one of the major factors governing amino acid composition in β-strands. Furthermore, the correlations we detected suggest that amino acid composition is related to folding properties such as the twist of a β-strand or association between two β sheets.
An ISAR Automatic Target Recognition Approach Based on SBR-based Fast Imaging Scheme and CNN (2020)

A convolutional neutral network has been proposed to identify different classes of targets in this paper. The database of CNN can be acquired by using SBR-based fast image scheme. The numerical results show the efficiency and accuracy for the construction of database. Moreover, it can achieve accuracy of 95% for the 3-class task.
MetPA: a web-based metabolomics tool for pathway analysis and visualization (2010)

Freely available at http://metpa.metabolomics.ca.
The Hate That Dare Not Speak Its Name: Pornography Qua Semi-Political Speech (1994)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Effects of the Deposition Sequence on Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (1989)

We examined the effects of the deposition sequence on the threshold voltage and field-effect mobility in amorphous silicon thin-film transistors. When the nitrides are deposited after the a-Si:H(normal), the threshold voltages become more positive, and the field-effect mobilities are lower than with the inverted sequence. Photoluminescence measurements reveal that the tail states in the a-Si:H near the a-Si:H/a-SiN x interface for the normal sequence are wider than for the inverted sequence.
Developing the Scientific-Technical Digital Library at a National Laboratory (abstract only) (1994)

No abstract available.
Amorphouslike Density of Gap States in Single-Crystal Pentacene (2004)

We show that optical and electrical measurements on pentacene single crystals can be used to extract the density of states in the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital band gap. It is found that these highly purified crystals possess band tails broader than those typically observed in inorganic amorphous solids. Results on field-effect transistors fabricated from similar crystals imply that the gap state density is much larger within 5-10 nm of the gate dielectric. Thus, organic thin-film transistors for such applications as flexible displays might be significantly improved by reducing these defects.
Multi-modal Learning from Unpaired Images: Application to Multi-organ Segmentation in CT and MRI (2018)

Convolutional neural networks have been widely used in medical image segmentation. The amount of training data strongly determines the overall performance. Most approaches are applied for a single imaging modality, e.g., brain MRI. In practice, it is often difficult to acquire sufficient training data of a certain imaging modality. The same anatomical structures, however, may be visible in different modalities such as major organs on abdominal CT and MRI. In this work, we investigate the effectiveness of learning from multiple modalities to improve the segmentation accuracy on each individual modality. We study the feasibility of using a dual-stream encoder-decoder architecture to learn modality-independent, and thus, generalisable and robust features. All of our MRI and CT data are unpaired, which means they are obtained from different subjects and not registered to each other. Experiments show that multi-modal learning can improve overall accuracy over modality-specific training. Results demonstrate that information across modalities can in particular improve performance on varying structures such as the spleen.
Antibodies against Molds and Mycotoxins Following Exposure to Toxigenic Fungi in a Water-Damaged Building (2003)

Exposure to molds in water-damaged buildings can cause allergy, asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, mucus membrane irritation, and toxicity--alone or in combination. Despite this, significant emphasis has been placed only on Type I allergy and asthma, but not on the other 3 types of allergies. In this study, we sought to evaluate simultaneous measurements of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, IgA, and IgE antibodies against the most common molds, and their mycotoxins, cultured from water-damaged buildings. Antibodies against 7 different molds and 2 mycotoxins were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the blood of 40 controls and 40 mold-exposed patients. The IgG antibody levels against all 7 of the molds used, as well as the 2 mycotoxins, were significantly greater in patients than in controls. The IgM antibody levels were significantly different in patients for only 6 of 9 determinations. Regarding IgA determinations, antibodies were elevated significantly against all antigens tested, except Epicoccum. However, the differences in IgE levels in controls and mold-exposed patients were significant only for Aspergillus and satratoxin. These differences implied that, overall, the healthy control group was different from the mold-exposed patients for IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies, but not for the IgE anti-mold antibody. Most patients with high levels of antibodies against various mold antigens also exhibited elevated antibodies against purified mycotoxins, indicating that the patients had been exposed to mold spores and mycotoxins. Detection of high levels (colony-forming units per cubic meter) of molds--which, in this study, strongly suggested that there existed a reservoir of spores in the building at the time of sampling--along with a significant elevation in IgG, IgM, or IgA antibodies against molds and mycotoxins, could be used in future epidemiologic investigations of fungal exposure. In addition to IgE, measurements of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies should be considered in mold-exposed individuals.
Learning Optimal Redistribution Mechanisms Through Neural Networks (2018)

We consider a social setting where p public resources/objects are to be allocated among n competing and strategic agents so as to maximize social welfare (the objects should be allocated to those who value them the most). This is called allocative efficiency (AE). We need the agents to report their valuations for obtaining these resources, truthfully referred to as dominant strategy incentive compatibility (DSIC). Typically, we use auction-based mechanisms to achieve AE and DSIC. However, due to Green-Laffont Impossibility Theorem, we cannot ensure budget balance in the system while ensuring AE and DSIC. That is, the net transfer of money cannot be zero. This problem has been addressed by designing a redistribution mechanism so as to ensure minimum surplus of money as well as AE and DSIC. The objective could be to minimize surplus in expectation or in the worst case and these p objects could be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Designing of such mechanisms is non-trivial. Especially, designing redistribution mechanisms which perform well in expectation becomes analytically challenging for heterogeneous settings. In this paper, we take a completely different, data-driven approach. We train a neural network to determine an optimal redistribution mechanism based on given settings with both the objectives, optimal in expectation and optimal in the worst case. We also propose a loss function to train a neural network to optimize worst case. We design neural networks with the underlying rebate functions being linear as well as nonlinear in terms of bids of the agents. Our networks' performances are same as the theoretical guarantees for the cases where it has been solved. We observe that a neural network based redistribution mechanism for homogeneous settings which uses nonlinear rebate functions outperforms linear rebate functions when the objective is optimal in expectation. Our approach also yields an optimal in expectation redistribution mechanism for heterogeneous settings.
Student and faculty perspectives on Internet resource usage in undergraduate university science and mathematics courses. (2023)

The purpose of this study is to investigate how faculty make use of Internet resources and how students respond to use of these resources in a variety of undergraduate science and mathematics courses. Much more has been published on the use of Internet resources in traditional undergraduate curricula from the perspective of faculty as teachers and researchers than from the perspective of students as learners. This qualitative case study is a balanced approach that surveys mathematics and science professors and students at the same university. Both teacher and learner perspectives about on-line resource usage are scrutinized for the extent to which such resources augment content and delivery of traditional university undergraduate mathematics and science courses. Faculty and students were interviewed and asked about their perceptions of Internet as a tool for teaching and learning. Responses focused on the Internet as it affords information, communication, and collaboration. Students expressed distrust for Web publications, citing the information glut and sense of security with “approved” library resources. Personal and course Web pages were much more important to faculty than to students, who did not see themselves as producers but rather as consumers of information prepared by faculty and other experts in their fields. All students expressed the importance of the university's role in advising incoming students to take computing-related courses in their first year to prepare them for courses that have on-line components. When asked if they would consider delivering their courses asynchronously on-line, all of the faculty members interviewed declined. Consensus was that Internet/Web resources found their place in augmenting rather than replacing traditional courses. Most students interviewed responded that they would try an on-line course for the experience but that they would be inclined to take a general education course rather than a course in their major, not wanting to risk a low grade. Students and faculty alike continue to work with new applications for Internet groupware messaging such as asynchronous discussion groups and electronic bulletin boards that will be incorporated into traditional university courses.
Preparation and characterization of magnetite ferrofluid for generating current induced (2014)

In this research, morphology, average particle size and magnetic properties of magnetite (Fe3O4) particles were studied and mixed with a carrier liquid to obtain a ferrofluid. Further, an attempt to use the ferrofluid to generate induced electric current was to be carried out. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared by wet milling using mechanical alloying in a hardened steel vial using a SPEX8000D mill with different milling times of 10 hours, 20 hours, 30 hours and 40 hours to obtain magnetite nanoparticles in bigger quantities compared with other method. Firstly, micron-size magnetite was milled with water using different milling times of 10 hours, 20 hours, 30 hours and 40 hours. After that, the powder was dried for a day. The material was crushed with mortar and pestle and sieved to obtain a fine powder. Next, the magnetite milled with oleic acid with different times of 10 hours, 20 hours, 30 hours and 40 hours. After that, the powder was washed with hexane mixed with ethanol. Finally the powder must be dried for a day. For the next sample, the sample was milled with water and mixed with hydrochloric acid, HCl, diluted with 100 ml water in a beaker at 70oC. Besides, 0.1ml oleic acid as surfactant was mixed with 10 ml acetone and a cosurfactant in another beaker. This solution had to be put slowly into a beaker contains magnetite and was slowly stirred. Then, 10 ml ammonia solution was put into this beaker to give a colloidal suspension. The top layer of this suspension was centrifuged by using methanol mixed with acetone. This wet powder mass was then extracted and dried for 3 hours. The magnetic nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD, TEM, FTIR and VSM analysis. The result showed that superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles were obtained, suggesting that the top–layer suspension was suitable to be used as ferrofluid particles. The phase of magnetite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Philips X-ray diffractometer. The average particle size of magnetite was studied using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The magnetic properties studies were carried out by using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD patterns showed an improvement of crystallinity with increasing milling time. The XRD patterns also showed the all samples as magnetite nanoparticle and no impurities coming from this sample. FTIR analysis showed peaks of pure magnetite and oleic acid. Hysteresis analysis from VSM shows that when milling time increased, the saturation magnetization increased but the coercivity decreased parallel with average particle size decrease. TEM micrographs show that with increase milling time, average particle size becomes decreased. The magnetite nanoparticles from the 40 hours milling time were mixed with silicon oil to yield a ferrofluid. This ferrofluid was used to generate induced current by passing it in a plastic tube through a magnetic field. The experiment on induced current showed that the induced current generally increased when the weight of magnetite increased.
An Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (2007)

In this paper we propose a new energy aware routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks. Nodes in a mobile ad-hoc network operate on batteries, and hence designing energy aware protocols to maximize the battery lifetime is important. Traditional routing protocols fail to address the energy issues present in these networks. Several energy aware routing protocols have been designed in the recent years for mobile ad-hoc networks. We present a new protocol named KHOP that is based on ideas in two well-known existing protocols. Detailed simulation results are presented to show that the new protocol works better than both the existing protocols for a large number of scenarios.
Comparison of AlSi10Mg and Al 6061 Processed through DMLS (2014)

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) processing of aluminum alloys has been primarily limited to a casting grade of aluminum, AlSi10Mg. The reasons for the choice of AlSi10Mg by machine manufacturers are presently unknown; however, it is suspected that the reduced coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) due to the presence of Silicon may enhance DMLS processability. Aluminum 6061 (Al 6061) is a commonly used alloy across a wide range of industries and applications, and Harvest has observed a high interest in DMLS-manufactured Al 6061 products. However, the higher CTE value potentially presents greater challenges in controlling the shrinkage-induced warp common during DMLS. The work presented in this paper was performed in an effort to understand differences in manufacturability as well as mechanical properties of DMLS-processed AlSi10Mg and Al 6061.
A 7-Deazaadenosylaziridine Cofactor for Sequence-Specific Labeling of DNA by the DNA Cytosine-C5 Methyltransferase M.HhaI (2015)

DNA methyltransferases (MTases) catalyze the transfer of the activated methyl group of the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet or SAM) to the exocyclic amino groups of adenine or cytosine or the C5 ring atom of cytosine within specific DNA sequences. The DNA adenine-N6 MTase from Thermus aquaticus (M.TaqI) is also capable of coupling synthetic N-adenosylaziridine cofactor analogues to its target adenine within the double-stranded 5'-TCGA-3' sequence. This M.TaqI-mediated coupling reaction was exploited to sequence-specifically deliver fluorophores and biotin to DNA using N-adenosylaziridine derivatives carrying reporter groups at the 8-position of the adenine ring. However, these 8-modified aziridine cofactors were poor substrates for the DNA cytosine-C5 MTase from Haemophilus haemolyticus (M.HhaI). Based on the crystal structure of M.HhaI in complex with a duplex oligodeoxynucleotide and the cofactor product, we synthesized a stable 7-deazaadenosylaziridine derivative with a biotin group attached to the 7-position via a flexible linker. This 7-modified aziridine cofactor can be efficiently used by M.HhaI for the direct, quantitative and sequence-specific delivery of biotin to the second cytosine within 5'-GCGC-3' sequences in short duplex oligodeoxynucleotides and plasmid DNA. In addition, we demonstrate that biotinylation by M.HhaI depends on the methylation status of the target cytosine and, thus, could provide a method for cytosine-C5 DNA methylation detection in mammalian DNA.
Sol-gel SiO2 films containing colloidal copper particles for surface-enhanced raman scattering of graphite (1998)

Coatings on glass substrates with a weight composition of 60 CuO:40 SiO2 were prepared using the sol–gel method. To accomplish this, copper was incorporated in the starting solution prior to the film formation. Then thermal treatments in air on the freshly made coatings produced samples with the above-mentioned composition. Thermal annealings of the oxidized coatings under a CO–CO2 atmosphere produce, first, the reduction of the copper oxide particles to form metallic copper particles and, second, the deposition of ultrathin graphite layers on the copper particles located near the surface of the coating. The strong graphite Raman signal observed in these samples is interpreted as being due to the surface enhancement of the graphite lines produced by the metallic copper particles. A simple approach is used to calculate the enhancement in the Raman lines and this agrees well with the enhancement measured experimentally. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
20-Oxo-5β-Pregnan-3α-yl Sulfate Is a Use-Dependent NMDA Receptor Inhibitor (2005)

NMDA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels permeable to calcium and play a critical role in excitatory synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and excitotoxicity. They are heteromeric complexes of NR1 combined with NR2A-D and/or NR3A-B subunits that are activated by glutamate and glycine and whose activity is modulated by allosteric modulators. In this study, patch-clamp recordings from human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing NR1/NR2 receptors were used to study the molecular mechanism of the endogenous neurosteroid 20-oxo-5beta-pregnan-3alpha-yl sulfate (3alpha5betaS) action at NMDA receptors. 3alpha5betaS was a twofold more potent inhibitor of responses mediated by NR1/NR2C-D receptors than those mediated by NR1/NR2A-B receptors. The structure of the extracellular loop between the third and fourth transmembrane domains of the NR2 subunit was found to be critical for the neurosteroid inhibitory effect. The degree of 3alpha5betaS-induced inhibition of responses to glutamate was voltage independent, with recovery lasting several seconds. In contrast, application of 3alpha5betaS in the absence of agonist had no effect on the subsequent response to glutamate made in the absence of the neurosteroid. A kinetic model was developed to explain the use-dependent action of 3alpha5betaS at NMDA receptors. In accordance with the model, 3alpha5betaS was a less potent inhibitor of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs and responses induced by a short application of 1 mm glutamate than of those induced by a long application of glutamate. These results suggest that 3alpha5betaS is a use-dependent but voltage-independent inhibitor of NMDA receptors, with more potent action at tonically than at phasically activated receptors. This may be important in the treatment of excitotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration.
The Potential of Liposomes in Oral Drug Delivery (1998)

Oral liposome drug delivery has been the subject of much cynicism. Results have been quite variable and, for the most part, have not been predicated on specific objectives that would lead to success. Prerequisites are stability in the gastrointestinal environment and binding to specific sites. Transport via paracellular and transcellular routes from normal epithelial tissue or Peyer's patches leads to different outcomes of drug delivery and immunization, respectively. Polymerized, microencapsulated, and polymer-coated liposomes have all increased the potential of oral liposomes. Using targeted liposomes and a greater understanding of their cellular processing will ultimately lead to effective therapies from oral liposomes.
Fluorescence enhancement of bis-acridine orange peptide, BAO, upon binding to double stranded DNA (2005)

Bis-acridine orange peptides carrying two acridine oranges at the epsilon-amino moieties of both terminal lysines of a tetra(lysine) chain showed a ca. 200-fold fluorescence enhancement upon addition of double stranded DNA.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequence‐Selective DNA Recognition by Synthetic Ligands (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.