gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Predictive Test for Adverse Reactions to Contrast Media Preliminary Results (1988)

In a prospective study, whole blood samples drawn from patients prior to their being injected with contrast media were incubated with zymosan to activate the complement cascade. The samples were tested for various analytes, including C3a, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 (PF4). Of 207 patients receiving contrast media, only eight experienced reactions, which were mild. Levels of the platelet constituents were generally elevated in these patients. Specificity and sensitivity were 89% and 83%, respectively, for the combined TxB2 and PF4 radioimmunoassay data. Using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank sum test, both PF4 and TxB2 were collected with RCM reactions at the R less than .05 level. Although preliminary, the results suggest that RCM reactions are predictable by the in vitro test procedures described.
Abstract MP59: The Differential Effects of Amount and Intensity of Aerobic Exercise Training on MVX, a Novel Mortality Risk Multimarker (2019)

Introduction: Metabolic Vulnerability Index (MVX) is a novel spectroscopic multimarker of mortality risk. MVX reflects components of nutrition and systemic inflammation status and is hypothesized to enhance disease and mortality risk stratification. As Studies Targeting Risk Reduction Interventions through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE) has previously demonstrated the ability of aerobic exercise training to improve traditional markers of cardiometabolic health, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise intervention also would result in beneficial changes in the components of MVX. Methods: Participants (n=222, previously sedentary, overweight men and women with mild to moderate dyslipidemia from STRRIDE) were randomized to either a 6-month control group or to one of three supervised aerobic exercise groups for 8-months: 1) low amount moderate intensity (LM): 14 kcal/kg/wk at 40-55% VO 2peak ; 2) low amount vigorous intensity (LV): 14 kcal/kg/wk at 65-80% VO 2peak ; 3) high amount vigorous intensity (HV): 21 kcal/kg/wk at 65-80% VO 2peak . Blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast at both baseline and study completion (16-24 hr after the final training bout for exercisers). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on the Vantera ® clinical analyzer at LabCorp to determine MVX score. MVX has two components: inflammation index [INFX; combined concentrations of GlycA and small HDL particle subspecies (diameters < 9 nm)] and metabolic malnutrition index (MALNX; combined concentrations of total branched chain amino acids and ketone bodies). MVX, INFX, and MALNX are all scaled from 1 (lowest risk) to 100 (highest risk). Paired t-tests determined whether the post- minus pre- intervention change scores within each group were significant (p<0.05). We used analysis of covariance accounting for baseline values to determine difference between groups. Results: The inactive control group did not exhibit significant changes in any of the multimarkers. After 8-months of exercise training, the LM group experienced significant decreases in all three scores: INFX (-2.1 ± 5.2), MALNX (-3.1 ± 11.3), and MVX (-3.9 ± 9.1). The LV group significantly decreased their INFX score (-1.5 ± 3.8), yet significantly increased MALNX (2.2 ± 6.8). The HV group significantly decreased their INFX (-1.6 ± 4.8) and MVX scores (-1.9 ± 5.6). For the LM group, the beneficial changes in MALNX and MVX were significantly greater than the LV group. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise improved components of the novel risk-prediction multimarker MVX, with the LM group displaying the best responses across all three scores. As ongoing research investigates the clinical utility of these mulitmarkers, this study provides evidence for the ability of exercise intervention to beneficially change MVX score.
Synthesis of 6‐fatty acid esters of<scp>l</scp>‐ascorbic acid (1977)

Abstract and Summary High yields (85%) of 6‐fatty acid esters of l ‐ascorbic acid were obtained by reacting l ‐ascorbic acid (1.2 M) in 98~99% sulfuric acid for 36 hr at 20 C with 36% excess fatty acid. In concentrated sulfuric acid, l ‐ascorbic acid was rapidly sulfated to produce mainly l ‐ascorbyl 6‐sulfate, which slowly reacted with fatty acid to produce l ‐ascorbyl 6‐acylate.
Abstract 397: Preventing Cardiomyopathy of Muscular Dystrophy Through Antagonism of the Thromboxane/Prostanoid Receptor (2018)

Muscular dystrophy causes mechanical damage and increased membrane permeability of cardiomyocytes, leading to progressive cardiomyopathy and diffuse myocardial fibrosis that typically begins in the free wall of the LV. Cardiac dysfunction is a primary cause of death in Duchenne (DMD) and other muscular dystrophy (MD) patients. Activation of the thromboxane/prostanoid (TP) receptor increases calcium transients in cardiomyocytes, causes arrhythmia, and is pro-fibrotic. We thus hypothesized that TP receptor activation contributes to the cardiac phenotype of MD, and that blockade of the TP receptor would improve cardiac fibrosis and function in mouse MD models. We gave 3 different mouse models of MD either normal drinking water or water containing 25 mg/kg/day of the TP receptor antagonist ifetroban, from weaning to the predetermined endpoint. TP receptor antagonism improved 10-week survival from 60% to 100% in utrophin/dystrophin double knockout mice, a model of severe DMD, and increased cardiac output compared with surviving vehicle-treated mice. In the mdx/mTR mouse model of DMD, treatment with ifetroban likewise improved 6-month survival from 43% to 100% and increased cardiac output. Finally, we examined delta-sarcoglycan knockout (dSG KO) male mice, a model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) that replicates the DMD cardiac phenotype with improved survival. TP receptor antagonism normalized fractional shortening, ejection fraction, and LVSP in dSG KO mice, and decreased plasma ANP. However, it had no effect on the contraction deficits of isolated cardiomyocytes other than to normalize the slowed relaxation of dSG KO. Ifetroban-treated mice had improved myocardial, but not skeletal muscle fibrosis. This was most noticeable in the LV free wall and occurred in conjunction with decreased TGF-beta activity and normalized plasma WBC. Typical of DMD cardiomyopathy, dSG KO hearts had reduced expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and claudin-5, which was improved with TPr antagonism. The results of our studies indicate that TP receptor activation may contribute to MD cardiomyopathy, and oral antagonism of the TP receptor may be a novel therapeutic for the cardiac phenotype in DMD and LGMD patients.
Brillouin-enhanced four-wave-mixing vector phase-conjugate mirror with beam-combining capability (1997)

It is often desirable to remove both wave front and polarization aberrations from an optical beam. Scalar phase conjugation, such as ordinary stimulated Brillouin scattering, can correct only for wave-front aberrations. We have developed a new geometry for Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing that performs vector phase conjugation to correct for both wave-front and polarization distortions. Results show a reduction in the depolarization losses from 50% to less than 2% of the total output energy. Coherent, variable, multiple-beam combination is achieved without need of nonreciprocal devices such as Faraday rotators.
Efficient Algorithms for Convolutional Sparse Representations (2015)

When applying sparse representation techniques to images, the standard approach is to independently compute the representations for a set of overlapping image patches. This method performs very well in a variety of applications, but results in a representation that is multi-valued and not optimized with respect to the entire image. An alternative representation structure is provided by a convolutional sparse representation, in which a sparse representation of an entire image is computed by replacing the linear combination of a set of dictionary vectors by the sum of a set of convolutions with dictionary filters. The resulting representation is both single-valued and jointly optimized over the entire image. While this form of a sparse representation has been applied to a variety of problems in signal and image processing and computer vision, the computational expense of the corresponding optimization problems has restricted application to relatively small signals and images. This paper presents new, efficient algorithms that substantially improve on the performance of other recent methods, contributing to the development of this type of representation as a practical tool for a wider range of problems.
Self-reference method for phase-shift interferometry (2001)

A self-reference method (SRM) is proposed to realize high precision fringe analysis for phase-shifting interferometry when translation and tilt errors exist in phase shifters. In this method, arbitrary pixel-dependent phase shifts including those caused by tilt are directly estimated from a single interferogram by the Fourier transform method without using any extra reference mirror. The obtained phase shifts are then used to reconstruct the original wave front according to the algorithm of the proposed self-reference method. Computer simulations demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Precision of shifted phases and tilts estimation is also evaluated, and some error sources are analyzed. It is shown that the self-reference 3-step method can give better accuracy than that of the popular 5-step method even when the tilt error exists in the reference surface.
A Novel Approach To Diagnosis Of Analog Circuit Incipient Faults Based On KECA And OAO LSSVM (2015)

Abstract Correct incipient identification of an analog circuit fault is conducive to the health of the analog circuit, yet very difficult. In this paper, a novel approach to analog circuit incipient fault identification is presented. Time responses are acquired by sampling outputs of the circuits under test, and then the responses are decomposed by the wavelet transform in order to generate energy features. Afterwards, lower-dimensional features are produced through the kernel entropy component analysis as samples for training and testing a one-against-one least squares support vector machine. Simulations of the incipient fault diagnosis for a Sallen-Key band-pass filter and a two-stage four-op-amp bi-quad low-pass filter demonstrate the diagnosing procedure of the proposed approach, and also reveal that the proposed approach has higher diagnosis accuracy than the referenced methods.
Hypocrea jecorina CEL6A protein engineering (2010)

The complex technology of converting lignocellulose to fuels such as ethanol has advanced rapidly over the past few years, and enzymes are a critical component of this technology. The production of effective enzyme systems at cost structures that facilitate commercial processes has been the focus of research for many years. Towards this end, the H. jecorina cellobiohydrolases, CEL7A and CEL6A, have been the subject of protein engineering at Genencor. Our first rounds of cellobiohydrolase engineering were directed towards improving the thermostability of both of these enzymes and produced variants of CEL7A and CEL6A with apparent melting temperatures above 70°C, placing their stability on par with that of H. jecorina CEL5A (EG2) and CEL3A (BGL1). We have now moved towards improving CEL6A- and CEL7A-specific performance in the context of a complete enzyme system under industrially relevant conditions. Achievement of these goals required development of new screening strategies and tools. We discuss these advances along with some results, focusing mainly on engineering of CEL6A.
EFFECT OF MICROWAVE ENERGY ON THE PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT AND ITS USE AS AN AGING TOOL (1995)

Microwave energy causes changes in asphalt properties. Unsymmetric organic molecules with dipoles, that is, with a permanent separation of positive and negative charges, undergo excitational rotation when they are subjected to microwave radiation. The excitational rotation depends on the material's dielectric constant. Because the radiation frequency is relatively high and the dielectric constant of asphalt is low, asphalt molecules cannot rotate as fast as the applied electromagnetic field, and an out-of-phase component of the dielectric constant, called dielectric loss, is dissipated as heat. Treatment of asphalt for a short time with low-power microwave radiation decreases the dispersitivity (D) and molecular size index (MSI) values obtained by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Alternately, exposure for a longer time to a higher-power radiation increased both the D and MSI values for 12 asphalts studied. Microwave conditions (power level, treatment time, sample weight, and sample container material) were tailored to simulate the effects obtained after rolling thin film oven-pressure aging vessel (RTFO-PAV) aging of 18 asphalts. HPSEC gave comparable results for the two aging techniques: RTFO-PAV aging versus microwave aging. The difference in MSI amounted to +/-7.3 and +/-4.2 percent by using gravimetry and ultraviolet detection at 345 nm, respectively. The bending beam rheometer showed that microwave energy underestimates aging by a maximum of about 3 deg C in the limiting low temperature. Accelerated aging by microwave radiation is very simple and consumes less than 3 hr.
Abstract 2952: The PKC-iota inhibitor ICA-1 combined with TRAIL for glioblastoma therapy. (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme is a very aggressive brain tumor. Temozolimide is the standard clinical therapy following surgery which offers a limited survival advantage. The low survival rates of glioblastoma patients require further investigation into pre-clinical combination therapy options with apoptosis abilities. One such chemotherapeutic approach is the use of the novel PKC-iota inhibitor, ICA-1, combined with rhTRAIL. T98G or U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with ICA-1 for 48h or 72h, respectively, with or without rhTRAIL in a 24-well format. Based on flow cytometric analysis, the overall apoptosis rate for the T98G cells exposed to ICA-1 plus TRAIL was the most significant with no distinction between early and late apoptosis rates. In addition, the immunofluorescence analysis showed higher T98G cell death for the combination therapy. Further flow cytometric analysis showed that ICA-1 plus TRAIL generated significantly more late apoptosis for U87 cells than any other treatment. The mechanism of action for this combinatorial therapy is currently under investigation. However, our in vitro data demonstrated that ICA-1 plus TRAIL induced 60-70% apoptosis in U87 glioblastoma cells and T98G glioblastoma cells which may offer a better survival advantage in pre-clinical animal models. Citation Format: Andrea N. McCray, Shraddha Desai, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. The PKC-iota inhibitor ICA-1 combined with TRAIL for glioblastoma therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2952. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2952
Selective toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems (2007)

We report on the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial systems, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and primary human immune cells. ZnO NP (~13 nm) showed complete inhibition of E. coli growth at concentrations 3.4 mM, whereas growth of S. aureus was completely inhibited for 1 mM. Parallel experiments using flow cytometry based assays clearly demonstrated that growth inhibitory properties of ZnO NP were accompanied by a corresponding loss of cell viability. Identical ZnO NP had minimal effects on primary human T cell viability at concentrations toxic to both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate selectivity in the toxic nature of ZnO NP to different bacterial systems and human T lymphocytes. Developing selective toxicity to biological systems and controlling it by NP design could lead to biomedical and antibacterial applications.
Room-Air Versus Oxygen Administration for Resuscitation of Preterm Infants: The ROAR Study (2011)

Titrating from an initial oxygen concentration of 100% was more effective than giving a static concentration of 100% oxygen in maintaining preterm infants in a target oxygen saturation range. Initiating resuscitation with 21% oxygen resulted in a high treatment-failure rate.
Design of a multistripe array grating integrated cavity (MAGIC) laser (1993)

We consider the design of a multistripe array grating integrated cavity (MAGIC) laser based upon the Rowland circle solution for a circular grating. We discuss, in detail, the implementation of the MAGIC laser in the InP-based materials system for operation in the 1.5- mu m fiber band. Particular attention is given to optical aberrations and their correction. The optical considerations presented are also valid for other materials systems. Suitable device parameters are derived for the case of a laser that emits eight wavelengths with a 4-nm spacing across the spectral band 1530-1560 nm. Such a device is ideally suited for use in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks that employ erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spider silk fibres in artificial nerve constructs promote peripheral nerve regeneration (2008)

We conclude that spider silk is a viable guiding material for Schwann cell migration and proliferation as well as for axonal re-growth in a long-distance model for peripheral nerve regeneration.
pH-Degradable imidazolium oligomers as antimicrobial materials with tuneable loss of activity (2019)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health threat. One of the major causes of AMR development is the accumulation of low levels of antimicrobials in the environment. To tackle this problem, novel antimicrobial agents that do not leave active residues after treatment are needed. In this study, a strategy for synthesizing a series of main-chain imidazolium oligomers that incorporate carbonate, hemiaminal, ester and urea functional groups to serve as degradable linkers is presented. These oligomers exhibit excellent microbicidal activity and kill E. coli at low concentrations in a short time (99% killing efficiency in 2 min). Moreover, the oligomers are self-degradable and biocompatible. The degradation of these oligomers is studied in buffered solutions with different pH. Under basic conditions (pH = 8), carbonate-linked and ester-linked oligomers degrade to inactive and less toxic small molecules within weeks, making it less likely for these oligomers to induce antimicrobial resistance as compared to traditional antibiotics. The application of these oligomers for the in vivo treatment of S. aureus infected wounds is demonstrated in a mouse model. Notably, the oligomers demonstrate antibacterial efficacy and accelerated wound healing comparable to vancomycin, a first-line antibiotic for the treatment of complicated skin infections.
DEVELOPING SOLVOLYTIC CONVERSION OF LIGNIN-TO-LIQUID (LtL) FUEL COMPONENTS: OPTIMIZATION OF QUALITY AND PROCESS FACTORS (2011)

Wood-based biorefineries are focussed on providing ethanol from the carbohydrate fraction of biomass, which generates large amounts of lignin as a major by-product. The thermo-chemical conversion of such residual lignin materials to low molecular mass oil by solvolysis in a formic acid/alcohol reaction medium has been further investigated to provide access to value-added products. Subsequent optimisation attempts showed that the amount of the in situ hydrogen source (formic acid) can be reduced in relation to lignin, with small effects on the yield of the product oil. The impact of other experimental factors has been explored, their influence on the phase separation properties and the proportion of phenols related to hydrocarbons in the produced oil have been evaluated. The work shows that further reduction in solvent use will be possible, thus paving the way for more efficient production of oxygen-depleted bio-oils: suitable liquid transport fuel components from solid lignin.
Improvements of transient performance of pump turbine upon load rejection (2002)

Transient performance of the pump turbine having so-called S-characteristics upon load rejection can be improved drastically without causing transient reverse flow by optimizing control of the governor. Brief description of the improved control as well as some computer simulation studies to demonstrate the new control methods are presented. Possibilities for reduction of the penstock design pressure, minimizing the suction head margin against the water column separation and such construction cost saving effects are also discussed.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of New 1,4-Benzothiazine Derivatives. (1991)

New 2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one derivatives possessing (4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl moieties at the 2-position were synthesized and tested for calcium antagonistic and calmodulin antagonistic activities. Antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats were also evaluated. In general, these compounds were rather weak calcium channel blockers, although, in contrast, many of them had moderate to potent calmodulin antagonistic activity, and 2-[3-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl]-2H-1,4-benzothiazin -3 (4H)-one derivatives 45, 74 and 75 showed potent antihypertensive effects.
Effective Treatment of Human Breast Tumor in a Mouse Xenograft Model with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Specifying the NV1020 Genomic Deletion and the gBsyn3 Syncytial Mutation Enabling High Viral Replication and Spread in Breast Cancer Cells (2007)

A new oncolytic and fusogenic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was constructed on the basis of the wildtype HSV-1(F) strain. To provide for safety and tumor selectivity, the virus carried a large deletion including one of the two alpha4, gamma(1)34.5, alpha0 genes and the latency-associated transcript region. The gamma(1)34.5 gene, a major neurovirulence factor, was replaced by a gene cassette constitutively expressing the red fluorescent protein gene. Homologous recombination was used to transfer the fusogenic gBsyn3 mutation to the viral genome to produce the OncSyn virus. OncSyn causes extensive virus-induced cell fusion (syncytia) and replicates to higher titers than the parental Onc and HSV-1(F) strains in breast cancer cells. Biochemical analysis revealed that the OncSyn virus retains a stable genome and expresses all major viral glycoproteins. A xenograft mouse model system using MDA-MB-435S-luc (MM4L) human breast cancer cells constitutively expressing the luciferase gene implanted within the interscapular region of animals was used to test the ability of the virus to inactivate breast tumor cells in vivo. Seventy-two mice bearing MM4L breast cancer xenografts were randomly divided into three groups and given two rounds of three consecutive intratumoral injections of OncSyn, inactivated OncSyn, or phosphate-buffered saline 3 days apart. A single round of virus injections resulted in a drastic reduction of tumor sizes (p <or= 0.0001) and diminution of chemiluminescence emitted by the cancer cells (p <or= 0.0002). This effect was enhanced by a second round of virus injections into the tumors 3 days after the first round (p <or= 0.0001). Systematic necropsy and pathological evaluation of the primary tumors revealed that the single round of injections resulted in extensive necrosis of tumor cells (p <or= 0.0001), which was enhanced by the second round of injections (p <or= 0.0002). Internal organs were not affected by virus inoculation. Mouse weights were not significantly impacted by any treatment during the course of the entire study (p = 0.46). These results show that the attenuated, fusogenic, and oncolytic HSV-1(F) virus strain OncSyn may effectively treat human breast tumors in vivo.