gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization Of A Fibrin Polymerization Site (1981)

The formation of a fibrin clot is initiated after the proteolytic cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin. The enzyme removes fibrinopeptides A and B, and generates fibrin monomer which spontaneously polymerizes. Polymerization appears to occur through the interaction of complementary binding sites on the NH2- and COOH- terminal regions of the molecules since Fragment D1, encompassing the COOH-terminals of the β and γ chains, binds to thrombin-treated NDSK which contains N2-terminals of the α , β and γ chains. A peptide of 4,200 molecular weight has been isolated from the y chain remnant of fibrinogen Fragment D1 which has the ability to bind to the NH2- terminal region of fibrin monomer, thus inhibiting fibrin monomer polymerization. The peptide reduces the maximum rate and extent of the polymerization of thrombin or batroxobin fibrin monomer and increases the lag time of the reaction. The D1 peptide does not interact with NDSK, fibrinogen or Fragment D1but it binds to thrombin-treated NDSK with a Kd of 1.45 x 106 m and approximately two binding sites per molecule of NDSK have been found. Fibrin monomer formed either by thrombin or batroxobin binds approximately two molecules of D1 peptide per molecule of fibrin monomer, indicating that the complementary site is revealed by the loss of fibrinopeptide A. The NH2- terminal amino acid sequence (Thr-Arg-Trp) and the COOHterminal sequence (Ala-Gly-Asp-Val) of the D1 peptide were determined. Therefore the γ 373-410 region of the fibrinogen molecule contains a polymerization site which is complementary to the thrombin-activated site on the NH2terminal region of fibrinogen. The binding site on the Dl peptide has the characteristics of the polymerization site which is exposed and available on the COOH-terminal region of the fibrinogen molecule without any participation of thrombin.
High-performance GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors enabled by self-assembled nanodielectrics (2006)

High-performance GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MISFETs) fabricated with very thin self-assembled organic nanodielectrics (SANDs), deposited from solution at room temperature, are demonstrated. A submicron gate-length depletion-mode n-channel GaAs MISFET with SAND thicknesses ranging from 5.5to16.5nm exhibit a gate leakage current density &lt;10−5A∕cm2 at a gate bias smaller than 3V, a maximum drain current of 370mA∕mm at a forward gate bias of 2V, and a maximum intrinsic transconductance of 170mS∕mm. The importance of appropriate GaAs surface chemistry treatments on SAND/GaAs interface properties is also presented. Application of SANDs to III-V compound semiconductors affords more opportunities to manipulate the complex III-V surface chemistry with broad materials options.
Protection against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by recombinant P. aeruginosa lipoprotein I expressed in Escherichia coli (1990)

Lipoprotein I (OprI) is one of the major proteins of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. OprI is a candidate for a vaccine against P. aeruginosa, because it cross-reacts antigenically in all serotype strains of the International Antigenic Typing Scheme. We recently cloned and expressed the gene coding for OprI in Escherichia coli. This heterologously expressed OprI was used successfully to immunize mice against P. aeruginosa. In addition, OprI from serogroup 12 of P. aeruginosa was highly purified by preparative isoelectric focusing and used for immunization of mice. Both vaccines protected the mice against a challenge with a four- to fivefold 50% lethal dose of P. aeruginosa.
A bilinear illumination model for robust face recognition (2005)

We present a technique to generate an illumination subspace for arbitrary 3D faces based on the statistics of measured illuminations under variable lighting conditions from many subjects. A bilinear model based on the higher-order singular value decomposition is used to create a compact illumination subspace given arbitrary shape parameters from a parametric 3D face model. Using a fitting procedure based on minimizing the distance of the input image to the dynamically changing illumination subspace, we reconstruct a shape-specific illumination subspace from a single photograph. We use the reconstructed illumination subspace in various face recognition experiments with variable lighting conditions and obtain accuracies which are very competitive with previous methods that require specific training sessions or multiple images of the subject.
Demonstration of soliton self-frequency shift below 1300nm in higher-order mode, solid silica-based fiber (2007)

We demonstrate soliton self-frequency shift of more than 12% of the optical frequency in a higher-order mode solid, silica-based fiber below 1300nm. This new class of fiber shows great promise for supporting Raman-shifted solitons below 1300nm in intermediate energy regimes of 1 to 10nJ that cannot be reached by index-guided photonic crystal fibers or air-core photonic bandgap fibers. By changing the input pulse energy of 200fs pulses from 1.36 to 1.63nJ we observe Raman-shifted solitons between 1064 and 1200nm with up to 57% power conversion efficiency and compressed output pulse widths less than 50fs. Furthermore, due to the dispersion characteristics of the HOM fiber, we observe redshifted Cerenkov radiation in the normal dispersion regime for appropriately energetic input pulses.
Tuned cavity magnetometer sensitivity. (2009)

We have developed a high sensitivity (<pico Tesla/{radical}Hz), non-cryogenic magnetometer that utilizes a novel optical (interferometric) detection technique. Further miniaturization and low-power operation are key advantages of this magnetometer, when compared to systems using SQUIDs which require liquid Helium temperatures and associated overhead to achieve similar sensitivity levels.
High-speed software implementation of Huffman coding (2002)

Summary form only given. Huffman coding has been applied in many disciplines including text compression, still image compression, and video compression. In the case of video, several software-only codecs have been developed aiming at real-time performance. However, they fall well short of achieving full screen, high-quality, and full-motion. A key bottleneck in such software implementations occurs during writing and reading of the Huffman-coded bit stream. The reason is that the minimum unit for software operations is a byte rather than a bit. Therefore, the need to read/write data in bits necessitates devising means to bridge the bits-to-bytes and and bytes-to-bits gaps efficiently. We introduce new tables for software-only Huffman coding that enable us to write/read data in M-bit units, thereby virtually eliminating the need for inefficient software simulation of bit-based operations. We present an offset-based Huffman encoding table containing information for each number of bits by which the length of a Huffman word is offset from an integral number of bytes. The number of rows in the offset-based Huffman encoding table is M times that of the general Huffman table. The offset-based Huffman encoding table eliminates most of the bit operations, but it still requires some bit-based operations to update the offset and the condition of the current unit. In order to avoid bit operations entirely, we extend the offset-based table into a byte-based table by associating a unique subtable with each offset and unit condition. A byte-based Huffman decoding table has also been studied.
Normalized Temperature Contrast Processing in Flash Infrared Thermography (2016)

The paper presents further development in normalized contrast processing of flash infrared thermography method by the author given in US 8,577,120 B1. The method of computing normalized image or pixel intensity contrast, and normalized temperature contrast are provided, including converting one from the other. Methods of assessing emissivity of the object, afterglow heat flux, reflection temperature change and temperature video imaging during flash thermography are provided. Temperature imaging and normalized temperature contrast imaging provide certain advantages over pixel intensity normalized contrast processing by reducing effect of reflected energy in images and measurements, providing better quantitative data. The subject matter for this paper mostly comes from US 9,066,028 B1 by the author. Examples of normalized image processing video images and normalized temperature processing video images are provided. Examples of surface temperature video images, surface temperature rise video images and simple contrast video images area also provided. Temperature video imaging in flash infrared thermography allows better comparison with flash thermography simulation using commercial software which provides temperature video as the output. Temperature imaging also allows easy comparison of surface temperature change to camera temperature sensitivity or noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) to assess probability of detecting (POD) anomalies.
High-Speed Non-Linear Asynchronous Pipelines (2002)

Many approaches recently proposed for high-speed asynchronous pipelines are applicable only to linear datapaths. However, real systems typically have non-linearities in their datapaths, i.e. stages may have multiple inputs ('joins') or multiple outputs ('forks'). This paper presents several new pipeline templates that extend existing high-speed approaches for linear dynamic logic pipelines, by providing efficient control structures that can accommodate forks and joins. In addition, constructs for conditional computation are also introduced. Timing analysis and SPICE simulations show that the performance overhead of these extensions is fairly low (5% to 20%).
Electrical conductivity of heavily doped polyacetylene at ultralow temperatures (1981)

The electrical conductivity of heavily doped polyacetylene, ${(\mathrm{CH})}_{x}$, has been measured from room temperature down to 0.4 mK and in magnetic fields from 0 to 290 Oe. Below 30 mK the resistance increases logarithmically with decreasing temperature, and decreases roughly logarithmically with increasing magnetic field. The results are compared to recent localization and interaction models of electron transport in systems of reduced dimensionality.
Time-resolved digital immunoassay for rapid and sensitive quantitation of procalcitonin with plasmonic imaging (2018)

Abstract Timely diagnosis of acute diseases improves treatment outcomes and saves lives, but it requires fast and precision quantification of biomarkers. Here we report a time-resolved digital immunoassay based on plasmonic imaging of binding of single nanoparticles to biomarkers captured on a sensor surface. The real-time and high contrast of plasmonic imaging lead to fast and precise counting of the individual biomarkers over a wide dynamic range. We demonstrated the detection principle, evaluated the performance of the method using procalcitonin (PCT) as an example, and achieved a limit of detection of ~ 3 pg/mL, dynamic range of 4-12500 pg/mL, for a total detection time of ~ 25 mins.
From minerals to materials: synthesis of alumoxanes from the reaction of boehmite with carboxylic acids (1995)

Reaction of pseudo-boehmite, [Al(O)(OH)]n, with carboxylic acids (RCO2H) results in the formation of the carboxylatoalumoxanes, [Al(O)x(OH)y(O2CR)z]n where 2x + y + z = 3 and R = C1–C13. The physical properties of the alumoxanes are highly dependent on the identity of the alkyl substituents, R, and range from insoluble crystalline powders to powders which readily form solutions or gels in hydrocarbon solvents, from which films may be readily spin-coated. The physical and chemical changes that occur during the reaction of boehmite with carboxylic acids, and the resulting alumoxanes, have been characterized by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The carboxylatoalumoxanes reported herein are spectroscopically similar to analogues prepared from small molecule precursors. Based on the IR and NMR spectra of the alumoxanes as well as comparison with the aluminium carboxylate compounds [Me2Al(µ-O2CR)]2 and Al(O2CR)(salen)(R = CH3, n-C5H11), a model structure of the alumoxanes is proposed, consisting of a boehmite-like core with the carboxylate substituents bound in a bridging mode. Furthermore, the alumoxane particles appear as rod or sheet-like particles, not linear polymers. This is proposed to be due to the destruction of hydrogen bonding within the mineral as hydroxide groups are removed and replaced with acid functionalities. All of the alumoxanes decompose under mild thermolysis to yield alumina. Mass spectral studies indicate that upon thermolysis the volatile decomposition products are water and the carboxylic acid.
Miniaturized linear time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer with pulsed extraction (2002)

Improved resolution for a miniaturized instrument is demonstrated at high masses using a pulsed extraction, 3(") linear time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer. This illustrates the utility of a small and simple mass spectrometer for biological/medical analyses. Current and future applications suggested by this instrument include rapid mass spectral reading of oligonucleotides that differ in one base (single nucleotide polymorphisms), distinction of biomarker signatures from different species of bacterial spores (biological weapons detection) and point-of-care instruments for proteomics-based diagnostics. We have incorporated a two-stage, pulsed-extraction design that places the focal plane of the ions at the detector channel plate surface. The ions are accelerated to a total energy of 12 keV to enable detection of high-mass proteins in a design that incorporates a floatable flight tube set at the voltage of the front channel plate of the detector. The resultant elimination of post-acceleration at the detector is intended to improve mass resolution by reducing the difference in arrival times between ions and their neutral products. Resolutions of one part in 1200 at m/z 4500 and one part in 600 at m/z 12 000 have been achieved. Proteins with molecular masses up to 66 000 Da, mixtures of oligonucleotides, and biological spores have all been successfully measured, results that increase the potential use of this TOF analyzer.
Reflection Mounts For Transmission Holograms: Format Compatibility Issues (1984)

Transmission-and reflection-mode holograms each have distinctive characteristics that merit them special roles in holographic imaging applications. For white-light illumination, "rainbow" transmission holograms generally offer brighter and deeper images, with higher resolution, than their reflection analogs. But a significant advantage of reflection holograms is that they can be hung directly on walls, like photographs and paintings, to be illuminated by a simple overhead spotlight. That is, their display format is compatible with established practice in other fine art domains. For non-specialists, especially in homes and small galleries, format familiarity and conservation of space are compelling factors, and severely limit the competitiveness of transmission holograms. Format compatibility also diminishes the "exotic-ness" of holograms, and the visibility of their installation, helping the viewer better appreciate the impact of the holographic three-dimensional image without unnecessary distraction.
<title>Optical correlator architectures re-examined</title> (1990)

Optical correlator architectures have been reported which reduce the physical length of the conventional 4f design initially proposed by VanderLugt (1975). Attention is given to one such architecture which employs two simple lenses and obviates light collimation requirements. This 'modified 2f optical correlator' retains the highly useful Fourier transform scale feature; experimental correlation performance with a binary phase-only filter and photographic input is found to compare favorably with computer simulations of a 4f correlator.
The Pre-S2 Domain of the Hepatitis B Virus Is Dispensable for Infectivity but Serves a Spacer Function for L-Protein-Connected Virus Assembly (2010)

The envelope of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) contains three membrane proteins (L, M, and S). They accomplish different functions in HBV infectivity and nucleocapsid envelopment. Infectivity determinants have been assigned to the N-terminal part of the pre-S1 domain of the L protein and the antigenic loop of the S domain in the L and/or S protein. Nucleocapsid envelopment requires a C-terminal sequence within pre-S1, including the five N-terminal amino acids of pre-S2 as part of the L protein. However, the role of the M protein and the pre-S2 domain of the L protein are not entirely understood. We addressed this question and analyzed assembly competence and infectivity of viruses that lack the M protein and, at the same time, carry alterations in the pre-S2 domain of L. These include deletions, in part frameshift mutations and a randomization of virtually the entire pre-S2 sequence. We found that the M protein is dispensable for HBV in vitro infectivity. Viruses that lack the M protein and contain a mostly randomized pre-S2 sequence assemble properly and are infectious in HepaRG cells and primary human hepatocytes. While deletions of 20 amino acids in the pre-S2 domain of L protein allowed the production of infectious virions, more extended deletions interfered with assembly. This indicates that the pre-S2 domain of the L protein serves an important role for virus assembly, presumably as a spacer that supports conformational changes of L protein but does not participate as part of the M protein or as a subdomain of the L protein in virus entry.
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring by Hydrostatic Pressure Balance Method (1985)

Intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement from the epidural space is desirable mainly because of its high protection against infections. The main problem, however, is how to exclude the effect of tension of the dura mater which makes the epidural pressure lower than ICP. The authors developed a hydrostatic pressure balance method, which keeps the nonelastic soft detector membrane contacting flat with the dura mater. The detector pouch is filled with saline of the proper volume and its pressure is transmitted to the pressure transducer through a slender tube. This pressure transmission through a tube realizes in principle an insensitive feature during the rotation of the patient's head, which otherwise causes a marked error from the true ICP. Over 60 clinical usages assure practical and infection-free features of this system. This system demonstrated high speed response and satisfactory accuracy. The pouch was easily inserted during craniotomy and extracted without any surgical procedures. It was also confirmed experimentally that this system is hardly affected by small particles or blood clots lying between the pouch and the dura mater. A comparison with conventional methods is discussed.
HADA: Hybrid Access Decision Architecture for Building Automation and Control Systems (2013)

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) are being deployed to enable monitoring and control of various intelligent systems like Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), safety, access and lighting systems. Each system is an integral part of the ICS and BACS, allowing for optimized industrial operations where devices interact with each other, with users and with other third party systems such as energy management. A key need when interacting is the controlled and trustworthy disclosure of information so that only authenticated and authorized entities can have access and control the resources of a device. However, secure authentication and authorization is not easy due to the combined distributed/centralized operation of ICS and BACS, its large scale deployment, as well as the resource-constrained nature of sensors and actuators. This paper analyzes the security requirements and constraints in ICS/BACS and proposes the Hybrid Access Decision Architecture (HADA) to allow for interoperability between centralized and distributed access control methods. While a central party is in control of policy specification, the system also allows for the deployment of lightweight and compact access control policies to the target devices so that access control decisions can take place in a distributed manner. Our prototype that is based on 6LoWPAN/CoAP IP protocols and binary JSON access control policies shows the feasibility of our approach.
Near-Ir Spectrometry of Structural Components of Plaque Susceptible to Rupture or Erosion (2001)

Two-dimensional near-infrared correlation spectrometry is used in this paper in and to detect atherosclerotic plaque considered susceptible to rupture or erosion. A low-frequency tunable diode laser and fiber-optic catheter are employed to examine the plaques. Without identification and intervention, events in susceptible plaques can lead to heart attack or stroke.2-D near-IR correlation spectrometry with the Heuristic Evaluation of Lethal Plaque algorithm (HELP) identifies nominally susceptible plaques (e.g., plaques with fragile fibrous crowns, lipid reservoirs, and macrophage infiltration) in human samples , and lipid reservoir in rabbits . In the process of identifying susceptible plaques, near-IR spectrometry is demonstrated through whole blood using the laser light source on solid cholesterol and injected cholesterol solution targets . Fine structure (< 1 cm FWHM) In near-IR spectra of biological substances is employed in differentiating materials using narrow-band laser light with 0.03 cm resolution steps.Scanning biological materials with narrowband lasers at high resolution leads to spectra with intensities at 100,000 or more wavenumbers. The large number of points in the spectra, combined with the large number of spectra required for imaging or for correlation spectrometry, leads to a computational problem. A distributed parallel computing system (Condor) is being employed to capture unused network workstation CPU cycles for spectrometric imaging and visualization. The new network algorithm for 2-D near-IR correlation spectrometry (HELP) is more accurate and precise than matrix factorization techniques, as well as faster as more nodes and wavenumbers (represented as spatial dimensions) are added in a distributed computing environment.Finally, the large amount of data produced by imaging and correlation spectrometry becomes difficult to interpret. Immersive visualization of results with atherosclerotic plaque using a VRML interface is employed as a tool to enhance interpretation of plaque structure and susceptibility, and to suggest a detection limit for susceptibility.