gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Control Strategy of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (2016)

Deep reinforcement learning has received considerable attention after the outstanding performance of AlphaGo. In this paper, we propose a new control strategy of self-driving vehicles using the deep reinforcement learning model, in which learning with an experience of professional driver and a Q-learning algorithm with filtered experience replay are proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model can reduce the time consumption of learning by 71.2%, and the stability increases by about 32%, compared with the existing neural fitted Q-iteration algorithm.
A numerical approach to the computation of light propagation through turbid media: application to the evaluation of lighted exit signs (1993)

A general event-based Monte Carlo method is presented for numerical quantitative and qualitative analyses relevant to the propagation of light through turbid media such as smoke mixtures and fog. The application of interest is the visualization of lighted safety-related signs seen through fire-caused smoke. The scattering profiles for individual particles are obtained using a laser-based instrument. These are used to numerically model realistic complex, inhomogeneous, and time-varying media for which analytic methods are unavailable and/or intractable. The approach results in high-quality visualizations instead of the usual set of extinction coefficients. The computations are parallelizable on a massive scale and are performed rapidly using a Connection Machine with 32768 processing elements. Experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the overall approach are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent developments and perspectives in palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides: synthesis of benzonitriles (2011)

The palladium-catalyzed cyanation of Ar-X (X = I, Br, Cl, OTf, and H) allows for an efficient access towards benzonitriles. After its discovery in 1973 and following significant improvements in recent decades, this methodology has become nowadays the most popular for preparation of substituted aromatic nitriles. In this critical review, we summarize the important developments in this area from 2000 until 2010 (151 references).
Beveiligingsevaluaties met de Common Criteria (1996)

Na de publicatie in 1985 van de Amerikaanse Trusted Computer Systems Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), die een aantal normen gaf voor beveiligingsevaluaties, verschenen in binnen- en buitenland diverse afgeleiden. De laatste afstammeling is de Common Criteria, een verzameling normen die Nederland in samenwerking met andere landen ontwikkelde. Dankzij deze coÃ¶peratie wordt de Common Criteria in aanzienlijk meer landen erkend dan voorgangers als de ITSEC of TCSEC.
Experiences with long acting injectable ART: A qualitative study among PLHIV participating in a Phase II study of cabotegravir + rilpivirine (LATTE-2) in the United States and Spain (2018)

Challenges with adherence to daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) have stimulated development of injectable long-acting (LA) regimens. We conducted 39 in-depth interviews with participants and providers in a Phase IIb study (LATTE-2) evaluating an injectable LA regimen in the U.S. and Spain. Interviews exploring participant and provider attitudes and experiences with LA versus oral ART were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Participants described the convenience of LA injections versus daily pills and emotional benefits such as minimized potential for HIV disclosure and eliminating the "daily reminder of living with HIV." Providers recognized benefits but cautioned that LA candidates still need to adhere to clinic visits for injections and raised questions around ongoing clinical management. LA was seen as preferable to daily oral ART among PLHIV. Further research is needed regarding appropriate candidates, including with women and "non-adherent" populations across settings.
Carbon Nanotube-Loaded Electrospun LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Composite Nanofibers As Stable and Binder-Free Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers were synthesized by using a combination of electrospinning and sol-gel techniques. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as the electrospinning media and carbon source. Functionalized CNTs were used to increase the conductivity of the composite. LiFePO(4) precursor materials, PAN and functionalized CNTs were dissolved or dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide separately and they were mixed before electrospinning. LiFePO(4) precursor/CNT/PAN composite nanofibers were then heat-treated to obtain LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements were done to demonstrate the functionalization of CNTs. The structure of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology and microstructure of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical performance of LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers was evaluated in coin-type cells. Functionalized CNTs were found to be well-dispersed in the carbonaceous matrix and increased the electrochemical performance of the composite nanofibers. As a result, cells using LiFePO(4)/CNT/C composite nanofibers have good performance, in terms of large capacity, extended cycle life, and good rate capability.
Circulating Cell-Free DNA in Breast Cancer: Searching for Hidden Information towards Precision Medicine (2021)

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of death between women. Mortality is significantly raised due to drug resistance and metastasis, while personalized treatment options are obstructed by the limitations of conventional biopsy follow-up. Lately, research is focusing on circulating biomarkers as minimally invasive choices for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is a promising liquid biopsy biomaterial of great potential as it is thought to mirror the tumor's lifespan; however, its clinical exploitation is burdened mainly by gaps in knowledge of its biology and specific characteristics. The current review aims to gather latest findings about the nature of ccfDNA and its multiple molecular and biological characteristics in breast cancer, covering basic and translational research and giving insights about its validity in a clinical setting.
冲破“土卫六”迷雾 (2005)

在得到了土星及其光环蔚为奇观的特写之后,卡西尼号太空船将注意力转移到土星最大的卫星土卫六上.凭借成像雷达,太空船透过土卫六上烟雾缭绕的浓密橙色大气,探测到它的基本组成是氮和至少十余种微量有机化合物,它们至少延伸到土卫六表面之上数百公里.2004年12月26日,卡西尼号在距离土卫六表面1200公里处拍摄到至今为止最接近土卫六的图像,当时飞船在时速每小时21 800公里的情况下获得了这颗卫星表面小于300米的细节特征.飞船绘制出这颗比水星和冥王星还要大的卫星大约1%的地图.
Building blocks for a two-frequency laser lidar-radar: a preliminary study (2002)

A new principle of lidar-radar is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The proposed architecture is based on the use of an rf modulation of the emitted light beam and a direct detection of the backscattered intensity. Use of a radar-processing chain allows one to obtain range and Doppler measurements with the advantages of lidar spatial resolution. We calculate the maximum range of this device, taking into account different possible improvements. In particular, we show that use of a pulsed two-frequency laser and a spatially multimode optical preamplification of the backscattered light leads to calculated ranges larger than 20 km, including the possibility of both range and Doppler measurements. The building blocks of this lidar-radar are tested experimentally: The radar processing of an rf-modulated backscattered cw laser beam is demonstrated at 532 nm, illustrating the Doppler and identification capabilities of the system. In addition, signal-to-noise ratio improvement by optical pre-amplification is demonstrated at 1.06 microm. Finally, a two-frequency passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is developed. This laser then permits two-frequency pulses with tunable pulse duration (from 18 to 240 ns) and beat frequency (from 0 to 2.65 GHz) to be obtained.
Electrospinning and characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol)–sericin nanofibers as a potential for tissue engineering applications (2015)

Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) is a hydrophilic, biocompatible, and biodegradable polymer which has found application in biodrugs and tissue engineering. Sericin accompanying silk is a waste which is produced in scouring silk and has interesting properties which has attracted the attention of researchers. Silk sericin is also hydrophilic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Moreover, it is cheap and anti-cancerous. Mixture of PVA and sericin in the form of 2D membrane or 3D hydrogels has been employed to heal skin damages. This research aimed at electrospinning PVA–sericin blend nanofibers in the form of a mat which has applications in tissue engineering, using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an organic solvent. This research showed that the solution of PVA–sericin in DMSO was electrospinnable; however, the addition of urea to the solution made the electrospinning easier. The electrospinning solution contained ratio of 0:100, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 sericin (%w/w)–PVA (%w/w). The electrospun PVA–sericin nanofibers had an average diameter in the range of 179–285 nm. X-ray diffractometer and differential scanning calorimetry investigations showed no reaction occurring between PVA and sericin. Polyvinyl alcohol 100% was also electrospun in DMSO. Up to now, the electrospinning of PVA in non-aqueous media has not been reported in the literature.
Passive landing aids for precision EVS approach and landing (2003)

ICAO forecasts a growth in world air travel of 5% per annum until 2005. Based on recent experience in Europe, this appears likely to be a conservative estimate. As traffic grows steadily, airport congestion is evident and becomes the limiting factor at some airports. The problem becomes even more serious under low visibility weather conditions, because the nominal airport capacity has to be reduced further due to safety concerns. Consequently, there is a need to close the gap between capacity under low visibility conditions and good visibility conditions. Enhanced Vision Systems can help to close this gap. The use of weather penetrating forward looking sensors allows the pilot of an aircraft to obtain the necessary external references to continue approach procedures maintaining VMC separation minima even under low visibility conditions. Consequently, the decrease of capacity under low visibility due to safety reasons can be reduced or even be avoided. Up to now, radar systems seem to be the most promising sensors to be applied for Enhanced Vision Systems. But radar data are often difficult to interpret, so it's not always possible to obtain a reliable detection of runway structures within the radar images. Therefore, passive radar retro-reflectors can be installed along the runway to give unique "visual" cues similar to the runway and approach lights within the visual spectral range. This article deals with the use of retro-reflectors to mark the runway. Further more, configurations of different so-called "diplane-reflectors" are described which act as landing aids similar to the optical PAPI or VASI lights. Both, analytical accuracy assessments and results from flight trials with the MMW-HiVision radar of EADS Germany are presented.
Birefringence imaging in biological tissue using polarization sensitive optical coherent tomography (2023)

Employing a low coherence Michelson interferometer, two dimensional images of optical birefringence in turbid samples as a function of depth are measured. Polarization sensitive detection of the signal formed by interference of backscattered light from the sample and a mirror or reference plane in the reference arm which defines a reference optical path length, give the optical phase delay between light propagating along the fast and slow axes of the birefringence sample. Images showing the change in birefringence in response to irradiation of the sample are produced as an example of the detection apparatus and methodology. The technique allow rapid, noncontact investigation of tissue or sample diagnostic imaging for various medical or materials procedures.
Identification of a mutation that causes exon skipping during collagen pre-mRNA splicing in an Ehlers-Danlos syndrome variant. (1988)

Recent biochemical studies have shown that the fibroblasts from a patient with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VIIB produce nearly equal amounts of normal and shortened pro-alpha 2(I) collagen chains (Wirtz, M.K., Glanville, R. W., Steinmann, B., Rao, V. H., and Hollister, D. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 16376-16385). Compositional and sequencing studies of the abnormal pro-alpha 2(I) chain identified an interstitial deletion of 18 residues corresponding to the N-telopeptide of the collagen molecule. Since this region is encoded by a 54-base pair exon, number 6, the protein defect could have been caused by gene deletion, abnormal pre-mRNA splicing, or both. Here, in order to elucidate the molecular nature of this mutation we have analyzed the sequences of pro-alpha 2(I) collagen cDNA and genomic clones obtained from RNA and DNA of the patient's fibroblasts. Using oligomer-specific cloning we identified a cDNA that contains a 54-base pair deletion corresponding precisely to the sequence of exon 6. Identification of the normal gene was based on the finding of an identical sequence polymorphism in a normal cDNA and in the genomic clone derived from one of the two collagen alleles. The other gene, instead, displayed a base substitution (T to C) in the obligatory GT dinucleotide of the 5' splice-site sequence of intron 6. Analysis of nearly 100 base pairs immediately 5' to exons 5, 6, and 7, and 3' to exons 5 and 7 did not reveal any additional change. Therefore, the data strongly suggest that the observed GT-to-GC transition at the splice donor site of intron 6 generates an abnormally spliced mRNA in which the sequence of exon 5 is joined to the sequence of exon 7. Since skipping of exon 6 does not interfere with the coding frame of the mRNA, the resulting shortened polypeptide, albeit utilized in the assembly of a procollagen trimer, ultimately causes the Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type VII phenotype.
Umspritzen schafft den Durchbruch (1999)

S.40-42
LAN : Disaster Prevention and Recovery (1994)

Planning the plan documentation building reliable systems security backing up data power backup and conditioning maintenance business resumption planning writing the plan.
Implications of a Study on Delivery of Professional Development for Teachers of K-6 Children and the Creative Arts Umbrella (1999)

This paper considers implications of the first stage of a study conducted with K-6 teachers in 1998. In the study, teachers identified student learning which they attributed to their experience of professional development. The aim of this paper is to consider the implications of this pilot study for delivery of Professional Development programs. In a previous paper (Power, 1999) much of the focus was on the quality of the teachers' reflections on the student outcomes in their classrooms. Consequently, those findings will only be summarised here.
MM-398 Achieves Primary Endpoint of Overall Survival in Phase III Study in Patients with Gemcitabine Refractory Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (2014)

No abstract available. Image:  Tufts Medical Center Teddy Bear (Formerly F.A.O. Schwartz Teddy Bear). Boston, MA, USA.
The Ancillary Pages (2004)

The sample site's "Home" page is now complete, and it's time to move on to look at some of the other pages. As you will guess, most of the techniques introduced in previous chapters are used in many, if not all, of the pages in the example site. This includes interacting with the user's session, formatting the output for a wide range of client types, and providing accessibility features to assist users of specialist types of client.KeywordsUser AgentUser ControlData ReaderServer ControlEvent HandlerThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A space-efficient and hardware-friendly implementation of Ptex (2011)

We introduce a method to pack Ptex per-face texture data that is both space-efficient and hardware-friendly. Recently presented real-time implementations of Ptex have been wasteful with space and required a storage cost many times higher than the size of the original texture data. Our method packs multiple levels of Ptex data together, and requires only around 8% increase in storage for our test textures. Additionally, because of efficient data packing, our method wastes less space than a typical texture atlas, which requires buffer regions to be added between the separate charts within the texture.
Killing mechanisms of cytotoxic lymphocytes (1997)

Killer lymphocytes are primary immune effectors of virus, certain bacteria, and tumor immunity and play a role in autoimmunity and transplant rejection. This article reviews progress in deciphering the mechanisms by which they kill target cells through induction of apoptosis by either the secretory, perforin/granzyme-based pathway or the nonsecretory pathway, (i.e., by triggering the cell-surface death receptor Fas (CD95) by the membrane-bound Fas ligand of the killer).
Tumor Heterogeneity: A Great Barrier in the Age of Cancer Immunotherapy (2021)

Throughout the history of oncology research, tumor heterogeneity has been a major hurdle for the successful treatment of cancer. As a result of aberrant changes in the tumor microenvironment such as high mutational burden, hypoxic conditions and abnormal vasculature, several malignant subpopulations often exist within a single tumor mass. Therapeutic intervention can also increase selective pressure towards subpopulations with acquired resistance. This phenomenon is often the cause of relapse in previously responsive patients, drastically changing the expected outcome of therapy. In the case of cancer immunotherapy, tumor heterogeneity is a substantial barrier as acquired resistance often takes the form of antigen escape and immunosuppression. In an effort to combat intrinsic resistance mechanisms, therapies are often combined as a multi-pronged approach to target multiple pathways simultaneously. These multi-therapy regimens have long been a mainstay of clinical oncology with chemotherapy cocktails but are more recently being investigated in the emerging landscape of immunotherapy. Furthermore, as high throughput technology becomes more affordable and accessible, researchers continue to deepen their understanding of the factors that influence tumor heterogeneity and shape the TME over the course of treatment regimens. In this review, we will investigate the factors that give rise to tumor heterogeneity and the impact it has on the field of immunotherapy. We will discuss how tumor heterogeneity causes resistance to various treatments and review the strategies currently being employed to overcome this challenging clinical hurdle. Finally, we will outline areas of research that should be prioritized to gain a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and develop appropriate solutions.
Tandem Click-Suzuki reactions in a novel flow reactor incorporating immobilized and exchangeable reagents (2014)

A custom-built modular flow reactor featuring immobilized reagents in exchangeable cartridges has been developed.
Single-Crystal Antimonene Films Prepared by Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Selective Growth and Contact Resistance Reduction of the 2D Material Heterostructure (2018)

Single-crystal antimonene flakes are observed on sapphire substrates after the postgrowth annealing procedure of amorphous antimony (Sb) droplets prepared by using molecular beam epitaxy at room temperature. The large wetting angles of the antimonene flakes to the sapphire substrate suggest that an alternate substrate should be adopted to obtain a continuous antimonene film. By using a bilayer MoS<sub>2</sub>/sapphire sample as the new substrate, a continuous and single-crystal antimonene film is obtained at a low growth temperature of 200 °C. The results are consistent with the theoretical prediction of the lower interface energy between antimonene and MoS<sub>2</sub>. The different interface energies of antimonene between sapphire and MoS<sub>2</sub> surfaces lead to the selective growth of antimonene only atop MoS<sub>2</sub> surfaces on a prepatterned MoS<sub>2</sub>/sapphire substrate. With similar sheet resistance to graphene, it is possible to use antimonene as the contact metal of 2D material devices. Compared with Au/Ti electrodes, a specific contact resistance reduction up to 3 orders of magnitude is observed by using the multilayer antimonene as the contact metal to MoS<sub>2</sub>. The lower contact resistance, the lower growth temperature, and the preferential growth to other 2D materials have made antimonene a promising candidate as the contact metal for 2D material devices.
S 2 MP: similarity measure for sequential patterns (2008)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Energy-Saving Virtual Machine Placement in Cloud Data Centers (2013)

In cloud data centers, different mapping relationships between virtual machines (VMs) and physical machines (PMs) cause different resource utilization, therefore, how to place VMs on PMs to improve resource utilization and reduce energy consumption is one of the major concerns for cloud providers. The existing VM placement schemes are to optimize physical server resources utilization or network resources utilization, but few of them focuses on optimizing multiple resources utilization simultaneously. To address the issue, this paper proposes a VM placement scheme meeting multiple resource constraints, such as the physical server size (CPU, memory, storage, bandwidth, etc.) and network link capacity to improve resource utilization and reduce both the number of active physical servers and network elements so as to finally reduce energy consumption. Since VM placement problem is abstracted as a combination of bin packing problem and quadratic assignment problem, which is also known as a classic combinatorial optimization and NP-hard problem, we design a novel greedy algorithm by combining minimum cut with the best-fit, and the simulations show that our solution achieves better results.