gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crowd-Guided Ensembles (2018)

In this work, we propose two ensemble methods leveraging a crowd workforce to improve video annotation, with a focus on video object segmentation. Their shared principle is that while individual candidate results may likely be insufficient, they often complement each other so that they can be combined into something better than any of the individual results---the very spirit of collaborative working. For one, we extend a standard polygon-drawing interface to allow workers to annotate negative space, and combine the work of multiple workers instead of relying on a single best one as commonly done in crowdsourced image segmentation. For the other, we present a method to combine multiple automatic propagation algorithms with the help of the crowd. Such combination requires an understanding of where the algorithms fail, which we gather using a novel coarse scribble video annotation task. We evaluate our ensemble methods, discuss our design choices for them, and make our web-based crowdsourcing tools and results publicly available.
Quick geo-fencing using trajectory partitioning and boundary simplification (2013)

The ACM SIGSPATIAL Cup 2013 is about geo-fencing, a problem of determining whether sampled location points fall inside or within a certain distance from virtual perimeters for real-world geographic areas. This paper describes one of the winning submissions of the competition. The approach applies two novel techniques, namely Trajectory Partitioning (TP) and Boundary Simplification (BS). TP partitions the movement trajectory of an object into segments and processes the points within the same segment simultaneously. BS simplifies the polygons thus accelerates the geo-fencing process.
Towards a Robust Solution to People Counting (2006)

Estimating the number of persons in a public place provides useful information for video-based surveillance and monitoring applications. In the case of oblique camera setup, counting is either achieved by detecting individuals or by statistically establishing relations between values of simple image features (e.g. amount of moving pixels, edge density, etc.) to the number of people. While the methods of the first category exhibit poor accuracy in cases of occlusions, the second category of methods are sensitive to perspective distortions, and require people to move in order to be counted. In this paper we investigate the possibilities of developing a robust statistical method for people counting. To maximize its applicability scope, we choose-in contrast to the majority of existing methods from this category-not to require prior learning of categories corresponding to different number of people. Second, we search for a suitable way of correcting the perspective distortion. Finally, we link the estimation to a confidence value that takes into account the known factors being of influence on the result. The confidence is then used to refine final results.
Cannabinoid Ester Constituents from High-Potency<i>Cannabis sativa</i> (2008)

Eleven new cannabinoid esters, together with three known cannabinoid acids and Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( Delta9-THC ), were isolated from a high-potency variety of Cannabis sativa. The structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses to be beta-fenchyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 1), epi-bornyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 2), alpha-terpenyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 3), 4-terpenyl Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 4), alpha-cadinyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 5), gamma-eudesmyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 6), gamma-eudesmyl cannabigerolate ( 7), 4-terpenyl cannabinolate ( 8), bornyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 9), alpha-fenchyl Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolate ( 10), alpha-cadinyl cannabigerolate ( 11), Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( Delta9-THC ), Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A ( Delta9-THCA ), cannabinolic acid A ( CBNA), and cannabigerolic acid ( CBGA). Compound 8 showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 with an IC 50 value of 8.5 microg/mL. The isolated acids and the ester-containing fractions showed low affinity to the CB-1 receptor. [corrected]
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The Use of Nasal CPAP in 80 Children (1995)

This is a retrospective review of children 15 years of age or younger, who underwent overnight sleep studies between 1980 and 1993. All were diagnosed and treated for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Overnight studies were performed for OSA in 413 children. One hundred seventy-five (42.4%) children were treated with adenotonsillectomy and 80 (19.4%) with nasal mask continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). The proportion of male children was greater than expected in both the entire study group (69%, p < 0.001) and in those treated with nCPAP for OSA (71% p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean age of the children treated with nCPAP (5.7 +/- 0.5 yr) and the entire group studied (5.04 +/- 0.21 yr). A greater proportion of the children who received nCPAP therapy had a congenital syndrome or malformation than in the group with OSA as a whole; 27.7% of children assessed for OSA were affected, and 53% of those children with OSA who received treatment with nCPAP (p < 0.001). Therapy with nCPAP (mean duration 15 +/- 3 mo, mean pressure 7.9 cm H2O) eliminated the signs of OSA in 72 children (90%). Respiratory disturbance index fell from a mean of 27.3 +/- 20.2 to 2.55 +/- 2.74 (p < 0.001). Eight of 32 children who underwent pressure determination studies could not tolerate nCPAP above an upper limit because of hypoventilation or frequent central apneas. Nevertheless, we conclude that nCPAP is an effective and generally well-tolerated therapy for treatment of OSA in infants and children.
Understanding and Implementation of Hydrogen Passivation of Defects in String Ribbon Silicon for High-Efficiency, Manufacturable, Silicon Solar Cells (2003)

Photovoltaics offers a unique solution to energy and environmental problems simultaneously. However, widespread application of photovoltaics will not be realized until costs are reduced by about a factor of four without sacrificing performance. Silicon crystallization and wafering account for about 55% of the photovoltaic module manufacturing cost, but can be reduced significantly if a ribbon silicon material, such as String Ribbon Si, is used as an alternative to cast Si. However, the growth of String Ribbon leads to a high density of electrically active bulk defects that limit the minority carrier lifetime and solar cell performance. The research tasks of this thesis focus on the understanding, development, and implementation of defect passivation techniques to increase the bulk carrier lifetime in String Ribbon Si in order to enhance solar cell efficiency. Hydrogen passivation of defects in Si can be performed during solar cell processing by utilizing the hydrogen available during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiNx:H films. It is shown in this thesis that hydrogen passivation of defects during the simultaneous anneal of a screen-printed Al layer on the back and a PECVD SiNx:H film increases the bulk lifetime in String Ribbon by more than 30 ?A three step physical model is proposed to explain the hydrogen defect passivation. Appropriate implementation of the Al-enhanced defect passivation treatment leads to String Ribbon solar cell efficiencies as high as 14.7%. Further enhancement of bulk lifetime up to 92 ?s achieved through in-situ NH3 plasma pretreatment and low-frequency (LF) plasma excitation during SiNx:H deposition followed by a rapid thermal anneal (RTA). Development of an optimized two-step RTA firing cycle for hydrogen passivation, the formation of an Al-doped back surface field, and screen-printed contact firing results in solar cell efficiencies as high as 15.6%. In the final task of this thesis, a rapid thermal treatment performed in a conveyer belt furnace is developed to achieve a peak efficiency of 15.9% with a bulk lifetime of 140 ?Simulations of further solar cell efficiency enhancement up to 17-18% are presented to provide guidance for future research.
Insecticide activity of clove essential oil on bean weevil and maize weevil (2015)

ABSTRACT Bean weevil and maize weevil can cause considerable damage to stored grains. These insects are mainly controlled with synthetic chemical insecticides, which may bring serious problems to human and environmental health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the essential oil of clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry (Myrtaceae) (origin: Bahia, season Sep.2014-Feb.2015)] in the control of S. zeamais and A. obtectus under laboratory conditions. The essential oil was extracted through the classic hydrodistillation process and its chemical components were identified via gas chromatography. Oil efficiency was tested at the doses of 35, 17.9, 8.9, 3.6, 1.8, 0.4 and 0.2 μL g-1 (derived from a pilot study) for insect control and the LC50 was determined. The results showed that eugenol was the major compound. The essential oil caused mortality of 100% for both species 48 h after treatment with the concentrations of 17.9 and 35 μL g-1. The LC50 for A. obtectus was 9.45 μL g-1, against 10.15 μL g-1 for S. zeamais. The use of clove essential oil represents a promising alternative to be used under storage conditions for the integrated management of stored grains pests.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium‐Sulfur Battery: Evaluation of Dioxolane‐Based Electrolytes. (1989)

Abstract The conductivity of LiClO 4 electrolytes consisting of mixtures of THF, toluene, and dioxolane is measured over the temp. range ‐30 to +60 °C and the compatibility of Li with these electrolytes is studied.
Spatial structuring of a Legionella pneumophila population within the water system of a large occupational building (2018)

The diversity of Legionella pneumophila populations within single water systems is not well understood, particularly in those unassociated with cases of Legionnaires' disease. Here, we performed genomic analysis of 235 L. pneumophila isolates obtained from 28 water samples in 13 locations within a large occupational building. Despite regular treatment, the water system of this building is thought to have been colonized by L. pneumophila for at least 30 years without evidence of association with Legionnaires' disease cases. All isolates belonged to one of three sequence types (STs), ST27 (n=81), ST68 (n=122) and ST87 (n=32), all three of which have been recovered from Legionnaires' disease patients previously. Pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism differences amongst isolates of the same ST were low, ranging from 0 to 19 in ST27, from 0 to 30 in ST68 and from 0 to 7 in ST87, and no homologous recombination was observed in any lineage. However, there was evidence of horizontal transfer of a plasmid, which was found in all ST87 isolates and only one ST68 isolate. A single ST was found in 10/13 sampled locations, and isolates of each ST were also more similar to those from the same location compared with those from different locations, demonstrating spatial structuring of the population within the water system. These findings provide the first insights into the diversity and genomic evolution of a L. pneumophila population within a complex water system not associated with disease.
Reduction of sulfate by hydrogen in natural systems: A literature review: Salt Repository Project (1988)

The results of this literature search indicate that the reduction of sulfate by hydrogen gas can occur in nature, but that temperature appears to be a key factor in the rate of this reaction. At temperatures below 200/degree/C, the key factor in the rate of reaction appears to be extremely slow. At low pH the rate of reaction is faster than at high pH. The solution composition also influences the reaction rate; the most recent research available (Yanisagawa 1983) suggests that the concentration of sulfide in solution influences the rate of this reaction. The reduction reaction appears to proceed through a thiosulfate intermediate, so the presence and distribution of other sulfur species will influence the reaction rate. If the reaction mechanism proposed by Yanisagawa is correct, then higher concentrations of sulfide will result in faster rates of sulfate reduction. In conclusion, the reduction of sulfate by hydrogen to form significant amounts of sulfide is a function of temperature, sulfate and sulfide concentrations, pH, and solution composition. The rate of this reaction appears to be very slow under the conditions anticipated in this repository, but given the length of time required to maintain the integrity of the containers (300 to 1000 years) and the unusual solution compositions present, a better understanding of the reaction mechanism is needed. 16 refs., 1 tab.
Polysilicon packaging and a new anchoring technology for thick SOI MEMS - dynamic response model and application to over-damped inertial sensors (2005)

A new technology has been developed that combines high aspect ratio SOI surface micromachining with polysilicon packaging and a new nitride anchor process with robust release etch manufacturing margin. Based on an accurate damping model, the thickness of the SOI layer was defined to achieve an overdamped mechanical response and high performance on a low g accelerometer. Over-damping is required to filter the noise from parasitic vibration in automotive applications. This technology was designed for low cost and high performance inertial sensors.
Efficiency of Different Methods for dsRNA Delivery in Cotton Bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) (2014)

RNAi trigged by dsRNA not only facilitates the development of molecular biology, but also initiates a new way for pest control by silence of fatal genes. However, one of the key limitations in pest control is lack of the convenient and efficient method for dsRNA delivery. In this study, different dsRNA delivery methods at their own optimum conditions were evaluated comparatively for their efficiency with Helicoverpa armigera as test animal. It was found that the popular one-time injection of larvae with dsRNA could reduce the pupation rate by 43.0% and enhance larva mortality by 11.7%. One-time ingestion of dsRNA did not result in any significant effect on phenotype. Continuous ingestion of in vitro synthesized dsRNA by refreshing the bait diet every day caused 40.4% decrease in successful pupation and 10.0% increase in larval mortality, which was similar as one-time injection. The most efficient method was found to be the continuous ingestion of the bacteria containing dsRNA expressed, which reduced the rate of pupation by 68.7% and enhanced the larval mortality by 34.1%. Further analysis found that dsRNA was degraded faster in midgut juice than in hemolymph. However, the cell of bacteria could protect dsRNA and delay the degradation in the midgut juice of H. armigera. These results throw light on the application of dsRNA in pest management with proper ways.
Prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women: recommendation statement from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (2004)

![Figure][1]</img> Fig. 1: Recommendations of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. This algorithm excludes women with secondary osteoporosis (e.g., those who have hyperparathyroidism or are taking steroids). *World
<title>Synthesis of moving holographic stereograms with high-resolution spatial light modulators</title> (1995)

Displaying animated holographic 3D images by means of opto-electronic devices causes serious problems because of the huge amount of data of the hologram and the inadequate resolution of the display. One possible solution is to limit the reconstructed 3D image to discrete horizontal perspectives. In this paper a 3D display is proposed which enables the creation of holographic stereograms with novel high-resolution diffraction light modulators. The modulators perform simultaneously the image generation and the direction-selective display of 2D perspective views in the same way as holographic stereograms. The modulators are based on optically defined binary phase gratings whose diffraction properties are altered by an LC layer. Switchable gratings with periods down to 1 micrometers and high diffraction efficiencies and extinction ratios have been demonstrated. Until now the hologram synthesis itself could not be accomplished because of the lack of a sufficiently large electronic addressing matrix, but the basic modulator principle underlying the synthesizer has been demonstrated experimentally. The optoelectronic hologram synthesizer scheme, the diffraction light modulator construction and the diffraction properties achieved of the fabricated modulators will be explained.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 3, 5-Diaryl 1, 2, 4-Oxadiazole Derivatives (2011)

3, 5- diaryl- 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole derivatives are synthesized by condensation reaction of amidoximes with aromatic acid chloride. Amidoximes are obtained from aromatic nitriles and acid chlorides from corresponding aromatic monocarboxylic acid derivatives. There are broad possibilities of preparing several such compounds in this series by using different aromatic nitriles as well as different aromatic monocarboxylic acid derivatives. 1 The synthesized compounds (a-e) were characterized by IR, H NMR studies and evaluated for their anticancer activity using mice specific Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cell (EAC cells) in Swiss albino mice model. Synthesized compounds (a-e) (dose 25 mg/ kg body weight) show significant reduction of tumor cell count as well as tumor weight, where as life span of the treated mice also increased. The compound (c) showed significant inhibition of cancer cell growth as compared to others. The standard drug used for the study is 5-Fluorouracil ( 20mg/kg body weight).
A systematic review of Cernilton for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (2000)

The Cernilton trials analysed were limited by their short duration, limited number of enrolees, omissions in reported outcomes, and the unknown quality of the preparations used. The comparative trials had no confirmed active control. The available evidence suggests that Cernilton is well tolerated and modestly improves overall urological symptoms, including nocturia. Additional randomized placebo and active-controlled trials are needed to evaluate the long-term clinical effectiveness and safety of Cernilton.
A first-generation packaging cell line for Epstein–Barr virus-derived vectors (1999)

On the basis of the B lymphotropic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we have constructed a virus-free packaging cell line that allows encapsidation of plasmids into herpesvirus particles. This cell line harbors an EBV mutant whose packaging signals have been deleted. The gene vectors, which can encompass very large, contiguous pieces of foreign DNA, carry all cis-acting elements involved in amplification and encapsidation into virus-like particles as well as those essential for extrachromosomal maintenance in the recipient cell. Although this first-generation packaging cell line suffers from unwanted recombination between the helper virus genome and gene vector DNAs, this approach opens the way to delivery and stable maintenance of any transgene in human B cells.
Drug discovery for Diamond-Blackfan anemia using reprogrammed hematopoietic progenitors (2017)

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital disorder characterized by the failure of erythroid progenitor differentiation, severely curtailing red blood cell production. Because many DBA patients fail to respond to corticosteroid therapy, there is considerable need for therapeutics for this disorder. Identifying therapeutics for DBA requires circumventing the paucity of primary patient blood stem and progenitor cells. To this end, we adopted a reprogramming strategy to generate expandable hematopoietic progenitor cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from DBA patients. Reprogrammed DBA progenitors recapitulate defects in erythroid differentiation, which were rescued by gene complementation. Unbiased chemical screens identified SMER28, a small-molecule inducer of autophagy, which enhanced erythropoiesis in a range of in vitro and in vivo models of DBA. SMER28 acted through autophagy factor ATG5 to stimulate erythropoiesis and up-regulate expression of globin genes. These findings present an unbiased drug screen for hematological disease using iPSCs and identify autophagy as a therapeutic pathway in DBA.
Work in Progress: RFID Sports Timing System (2008)

Timing plays a critical role in most sporting events. RFID-based timing solutions offer a high level of automation. Current timing solutions are high in cost and frequently do not offer live results to spectators. Existing RFID hardware is evaluated for suitability in a new timing solution. An architecture for an open source timing solution is then evaluated. The new solution offers a novel combination of features making ownership feasible for smaUer sporting events.
Wear Resistant Coatings for Titanium Alloys. (1977)

Techniques for applying chromium-molybdenum alloys to titanium alloy substrates were developed and the resulting systems evaluated as protective coating. Deposition techniques including electroplating and sputtering were considered and diffusion properties studied. A coating alloy containing 1% molybdenum was shown to greatly improve the wear resistance. Erosion, oxidation and stress corrosion properties were also improved. The coatings system had no apparent effect on fatigue properties of Ti 8Al-1V-1Mo at either room temperature or 315 C. (Author)
Highly efficient optical-to-terahertz conversion in a sandwich structure with LiNbO_3 core (2009)

We demonstrate experimentally the efficiency of a recently proposed scheme of terahertz generation based on Cherenkov emission from ultrashort laser pulses in a sandwich structure. The structure has a thin nonlinear core covered with a prism of low terahertz absorption. Using an 8 mm long Si-LiNbO(3)-BK7 structure with a 50 microm thick LiNbO(3) core, we converted 40 microJ, 50 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses into terahertz pulses of approximately 3 THz bandwidth with a record efficiency of over 0.1%.
Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Polycarbonate Hydrogels for Controlled Release of Polymyxin B in <i>Pseudomonas Aeruginosa</i> Infected Burn Wounds (2018)

Abstract While physically crosslinked polycarbonate hydrogels are effective drug delivery platforms, their hydrophobic nature and lack of side chain functionality or affinity ligands for controlled release of hydrophilic drugs underscore the importance of their chemical compositions. This study evaluates an array of anionic hydrogel systems of phenylboronic acid functionalized triblock copolymers prepared via reversible physical interactions. Variation of key chemical functionalities while maintaining similar core structural features demonstrates the influence of the substitution position and protection of the boronic acid functionality on gel viscoelasticity and mechanical strength at physiological pH. The optimum gel systems obtained from the meta ‐substituted copolymers (m‐PAP) are stable at physiological pH and nontoxic to mammalian dermal cells. The polymyxin B loaded m‐PAP hydrogels demonstrate controlled in vitro drug release kinetics and in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa over 48 h. In vivo antimicrobial efficacy of the drug loaded hydrogels further corroborates the in vitro results, demonstrating sustained antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa burn wound infections. The current strategy described in this study demonstrates a straightforward approach in designing physiologically relevant boronic acid hydrogel systems for controlled release of cationic antimicrobials for future clinical applications.