gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One year in review 2022: systemic lupus erythematosus (2022)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that predominately affects women. It is characterised by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, however, its course and organ involvement are unpredictable. Although over the last few decades an improvement in survival for SLE patients has been observed, pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disease are still unclear. Comorbidities, due to both disease and treatment, as well as multiple aspects of SLE, are under intensive investigation. Following the previous annual reviews of this series, we hereby provide a critical digest of the recent papers on SLE focusing on pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features, as well as current and new therapeutic strategies published over the last year.
3-D Reconstruction of Gas Clouds by Scanning Imaging IR Spectroscopy and Tomography (2010)

In the case of accidents at chemical plants, during transportation of chemicals, or after terrorist attacks, hazardous compounds may be released into the atmosphere. The weather-dependent propagation of these toxic clouds can threaten population and environment. In order to apply appropriate safety measures, it is necessary for emergency response forces to detect and identify the regarding substances. In addition, it is important to determine position, dimensions, and source of the gas cloud. Moreover, it is desirable to perform the necessary measurements from a distance to minimize the threat for emergency response personnel. Imaging remote sensing by IR spectroscopy provides a method for generating (2-D) images of the cloud. Combined with an appropriate visible (video) or IR image of the scene, these images can reveal information like the dimensions and the location of the source of the cloud. Nevertheless, the distance between the system and the cloud and the dimensions of the cloud along the line of sight are not available if a single image is measured. If images of the cloud are recorded from at least two different positions at the same time, information about the position and the 3-D shape of the cloud becomes available. Therefore, a method for 3-D reconstruction of gas clouds based on imaging IR spectroscopy and tomography has been developed. The remote sensing system, the measurement setup, and the algorithm generating the 3-D structures from the images are described. The method is applied to reconstruct the exhaust gas plume of an industrial stack.
Rechargeable Mg-Ion Batteries Based on WSe<sub>2</sub> Nanowire Cathodes (2013)

The increasing interest in future energy storage technologies has generated the urgent need for alternative rechargeable magnesium ion batteries due to their innate merits in terms of raw abundance, theoretical capacity, and operational safety. Herein, we report an alternative pathway to a new energy storage regime: toward advanced rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries based on WSe2 nanowire-assembled film cathodes. The as-grown electrodes delivered efficient Mg(2+) intercalation/insertion activity, excellent cycling life, enhanced specific capacity, and excellent rate capability. We also evaluated the influence of Mg-intercalation behavior on Mg-ion batteries based on WSe2 film cathodes via the first-principles DFT computations. The results reveal the feasibility of using advanced magnesium-ion batteries based on WSe2 film as energy storage components in next-generation optoelectronic systems.
Key issues in the design of magnetic tapes for linear systems of high track density (1998)

Areal densities for data tape systems have been increasing exponentially ever since the first product introduction in the early 1950's. Increases in linear density have provided the major part of the increases in recording density. Now, however, the time has come to push harder on track densities. The signal-to-noise issues for higher track densities are relatively well understood. However, the use of full-time track following, with multi-channel heads, adds additional issues to the list of tape design objectives for future systems of very high track density. The ultimate drive error performance will now be impacted by lateral tape motion, relative azimuth angle between tape and head, and track spacing variation due to dimensional changes in the tape. Controlling lateral tape motion and relative azimuth angle requires improvements in tape edge quality, the overall tape-path design, and the writing of the original servo signals on the tape. Controlling the track spacing problem will require better understanding of tape dimensional stability and how it is influenced by environmental changes, by pack stresses, and by tape design and processing. We conclude with suggestions of how to achieve the improvements necessary to stay on the required areal density trend line.
Diversity of the Neuropathies in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1996)

The relationships between cardiac autonomic neuropathies, diabetic somatic neuropathy, metabolic parameters, general parameters (such as age and duration of illness) and diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy were investigated in 103 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated for the comparisons of all the parameters of the neuropathies with all the other parameters. Variables were selected using a stepwise procedure and multiple regression analysis was carried out using these variables. The results of the regression analysis show that diabetic neuropathy is correlated with vascular parameters including blood pressure and pulse-wave velocity, as well as with parameters of sugar and lipid metabolism. The results confirm the diversity of the clinical characteristics of the neuropathies in patients with NIDDM and confirm that these neuropathies do not always occur in parallel.
Controlled Synthesis of End-Functionalized Mannose-6-phosphate Glycopolypeptides for Lysosome Targeting (2016)

The ubiquitous expression of the mannose-6-phosphate receptor on the majority of human cells makes it a valid target in the quest to deliver therapeutics selectively to the lysosome. In this work end-functionalized polyvalent mannose-6-phosphate glycopolypeptides (M6P-GPs) with high molecular weights (up to 22 kDa) have been synthesized via NCA polymerization. These synthetic M6P-GPs were found to display minimal toxicity to cells in vitro and show exceptional selectivity for trafficking into lysosomes in various cell lines. Comparison of the cellular uptake behavior of M6P-GP and the corresponding mannose-GP polymer reveals that incorporation of the phosphate moiety at the 6-position of mannose completely alters its trafficking behavior and becomes exclusively lysosome specific. We also demonstrate that trafficking of M6P-GPs in mammalian cells is likely associated with the CI-MPR receptor pathway.
Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow's milk (1996)

The objective of this study was to analyze both the allergenicity and immunogenicity of cow's milk proteins. To this end, 80 milk-atopic patients were selected on the basis of the presence of cow's milk-specific IgE antibodies in serum and compatible clinical history. Fifteen patients allergic to other allergens and 10 nonatopic subjects were studied as controls. The specificity of serum IgG and IgE antibodies was determined by immunoblotting, employing both cow's milk and milk components, i.e., alpha- and beta-casein, beta-lactoglobulin, and alpha-lactalbumin separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The experiments showed that casein-specific IgE antibodies were present in all (80/80) sera examined; 10/80 showed reactivity to beta-lactoglobulin, and 5/80 showed reactivity to alpha-lactalbumin. None of the 25 negative control sera analyzed showed the presence of specific IgE antibodies against milk proteins. These results were similar to those corresponding to the detection, by the radioallergosorbent test, of IgE antibodies against the milk components coupled to paper disks. All sera from milk-atopic patients also showed IgE reactivity against a high-molecular-mass fraction that hardly enters the gel. This fraction, after separation by gel filtration and treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol and urea, was shown by SDS-PAGE analysis to be formed by casein monomers. All sera analyzed by immunoblotting reacted against the components corresponding to casein monomers. Inhibition of immunoblotting by adsorption with different milk components confirmed that those high-molecular-mass aggregates are formed by casein components. The results presented here strongly suggest that casein is the major allergenic component of cow's milk.
Fiber-reinforced wood composites (1986)

The technical feasibility of producing internally reinforced laminated wood is evaluated experimentally.Numerous fiber reinforcements and adhesives are assessed, and effects of several processing and environmental parameters are included.Results demonstrate the increased strength and stiffness to be achieved under both tension and flexure by adding fiber reinforcement.Glass reinforcement is particularly suitable.
Anonymity Analysis of Cryptocurrencies (2015)

Cash in the real world allows for parties to exchange currency without the need to go through some sort of central authority. One person, Alice, can simply hand cash over to another person, Bob. In this transaction the only two people that have knowledge of this exchange are Alice and Bob. Until recently there was no electronic equivalent to this exchange. In 1982 David Chaum proposed a system of anonymous electronic cash based on blind signatures, and in 1990 founded DigiCash as an electronic cash company. There were a few banks that implemented electronic cash systems, but these banks and DigiCash ultimately went bankrupt in 1997 and 1998 despite the enthusiasm surrounding anonymous electronic cash. Between 1998 and 2008 there were no successful implementations of electronic cash that offer a decentralized, anonymous, and untraceable system.\nIn 2008 a paper was published by Satoshi Nakamoto on the cryptocurrency known as Bitcoin. A cryptocurrency is a form of electronic cash backed by mathematical and cryptographic constructs, unlike traditional currency which was historically backed by gold or silver. Cryptocurrencies have seen rising popularity in recent years due to their decentralized, distributed, peer-to-peer protocols. Part of this rising popularity is also attributable to the supposed anonymity of these protocols; however, due to the public transaction history required for these protocols and the fact that transactions are pseudonymous and not purely anonymous, this supposed anonymity does not exist. While the systems may achieve the goal of decentralized currency it does not achieve the goal of untraceability. In this thesis we analyze the technical implementations of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies to determine the level of anonymity provided by these protocols. We also analyze proposed improvements for their feasibility.
Monolithic acoustic imaging transducer structures with high spatial resolution (1974)

A method is described for simplifying the construction of high-resolution imaging transducers by using impedance matching transformers on a monolithic plate structure. Simple physical arguments are used to establish the general design criterion that a broad frequency response leads to a wide angular response and high resolution. This conclusion is verified by numerically computed performance curves for a particular air-backed transducer structure.
Content usage tracking in superdistribution (2011)

Content usage statistics from superdistribution users have great commercial values since they can be used for any number of purposes including marketing, accounting, and/or fraud prevention. However tracking content usage under the superdistribution model poses a great challenge since most content users have no explicit pre-established relationship with the content provider. In this paper, we present our technical design of a content usage tracking scheme in the superdistribution model. We explore the concept of Proof of Data Possession (PDP) to establish a post-relationship between users and the provider so that tracking content is possible. Our tracking scheme is format independent, provides accurate and finer-grained usage tracking while at the same time allows user anonymity and efficient distribution of digital contents to end users. Related issues such as user privacy and fraud reporting are also discussed.
Alteration of Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Expression of Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase by Diethyl Maleate (1997)

Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), also known as glutamate-cysteine ligase (EC 6.3.2.2), is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). The gene GLCLC encodes the catalytic subunit while GLCLR encodes the regulatory subunit. Although it has been shown that GLCLC can respond to a variety of stresses by increased transcription, it is not known whether a similar response occurs for GLCLR. Nor is it known whether post-transcriptional regulation of either gene product is altered during stress. The present investigation was undertaken to explore transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of GLCLC and GLCLR gene products when HepG2 cells were challenged with the radiation sensitizer diethyl maleate (DEM). Expression of steady-state GLCLC and GLCLR mRNA was enhanced 5-20-fold after DEM challenge. Nuclear run-off assays were performed on unstressed and stressed cells to determine whether the increased expression of GLCLC and GLCLR mRNA was due to altered transcriptional activity of these genes. The DEM treatment increased the transcription rates of both genes 2-5-fold. In unstressed HepG2 cells, the half-life of GLCLC mRNA transcripts was approximately 4 h. In contrast, the half-life of GLCLR transcripts was approximately 8 h. In cells treated with DEM, the half-lives of all transcripts were increased, indicating that message stabilization contributed to the increased expression of gene products. Finally, a PEST algorithm has identified a PEST (proline, glutamate, serine, threonine) motif within the catalytic subunit of gamma-GCS, suggesting that this subunit might exhibit conditional proteolytic regulation. These results imply that regulation of the products of the GLCLC and GLCLR genes may be altered at multiple levels during exposure to stress.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Carbohydrate Derivatives of Indigo, Its Isomers and Heteroanalogues (2010)

Go indigo: Carbohydrate derivatives of indigoid bis-indoles are effective inhibitors of several kinases, such as CDKs and GSK-3β. Recent studies have shown that thia analogues of glycosylated indirubins are good candidates for the treatment of malignant melanoma. Herein we review the progress made in synthesis and biological screening of various carbohydrate derivatives of indigo, its isomers, and their heteroanalogues with special focus on synthetic issues.
Cleavage of the Human Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) Hinge Region by IgA1 Proteases Requires Structures in the Fc region of IgA (2003)

Secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) protects the mucosal surfaces against inhaled and ingested pathogens. Many pathogenic bacteria produce IgA1 proteases that cleave in the hinge of IgA1, thus separating the Fab region from the Fc region and making IgA ineffective. Here, we show that Haemophilus influenzae type 1 and Neisseria gonorrhoeae type 2 IgA1 proteases cleave the IgA1 hinge in the context of the constant region of IgA1 or IgA2m(1) but not in the context of IgG2. Both C(alpha)2 and C(alpha)3 but not C(alpha)1 are required for the cleavage of the IgA1 hinge by H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae proteases. While there was no difference in the cleavage kinetics between wild-type IgA1 and IgA1 containing only the first GalNAc residue of the O-linked glycans, the absence of N-linked glycans in the Fc increased the ability of the N. gonorrhoeae protease to cleave the IgA1 hinge. Taken together, these results suggest that, in addition to the IgA1 hinge, structures in the Fc region of IgA are required for the recognition and cleavage of IgA1 by the H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae proteases.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade Reverses Obesity-Related Changes in Expression of Adiponectin, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ, and Proinflammatory Adipokines (2008)

MR blockade reduced expression of proinflammatory and prothrombotic factors in adipose tissue and increased expression of adiponectin in heart and adipose tissue of obese, diabetic mice. These effects on adiponectin and adipokine gene expression may represent a novel mechanism for the cardioprotective effects of MR blockade.
Artificial organs : proceedings of the International Symposium on Artificial Organs, Biomedical Engineering, and Transplantation in honor of the 75th Birthday of Willem J. Kolff (1987)

Plenary Session Artificial Heart and Transplantation Artificial Kidneys, Blood Plasma Processing & Transplantation Neuroprosthesis Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials Socio-Economic Aspects Final Plenary Session Appendix Index.
Voluntary upregulation of heart rate variability through biofeedback is improved by mental contemplative training (2019)

Regulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, indexed through high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), is indicative of physical and psychological health. However, little is known about the trainability of this capacity. We investigated the effects of a 9-month mental training program (the ReSource Project; n = 298) on voluntary HF-HRV upregulation, assessed with a novel biofeedback procedure. The program consisted of attentional, interoceptive, socio-affective and socio-cognitive training elements, all of which potentially influence parasympathetic regulation. Based on known links between oxytocin and parasympathetic activity, we also explored the relationship of HF-HRV upregulation to the oxytocin receptor system. We found that HF-HRV during the biofeedback session increased after 3 months of training, concomitant with prolonged respiration cycles. Breathing-controlled changes in HF-HRV upregulation, indicative of improved parasympathetic control, were significantly increased after 6 months of training. Homozygous risk allele carriers (AA) of the oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism rs53576 showed initially lower parasympathetic control, but fully compensated for their initial deficits through the training. No changes were found for HF-HRV at rest. Our data demonstrate that a mental training intervention extending over several months can increase the capacity for voluntary regulation of HF-HRV, with important implications for improving individual and societal health.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of Housing Preference Factors for Active Seniors (2023)

This study examined the concept and lifestyle characteristics of the active senior class, which is emerging in Korea, where the world's best super-aged society is under way, and then conducted exploratory factor analysis based on the final 32 preliminary factors derived from the preliminary survey. The first factor is 'eco-friendly and external space', and detailed components are abundant landscaping and planting (0.750), health-friendly exercise facilities (0.714), and nature-friendly external spaces (0.698). The second factor is 'medical facilities and functions', and detailed components are elevator and escalator mobility (0.710), access to large and general hospitals (0.707), and whether or not to secure a medical emergency response system (0.693). The third factor is 'lifestyle', and detailed components include the possibility of linking talent sharing and volunteer activities (0.693), consideration of single-person households (0.691), and community activity facilities (0.661). The fourth factor is 'operational management', and detailed components are various small and medium-sized equilibrium (0.751), real estate sales and rental prices (0.646), and housing maintenance convenience (0.623). Guest houses and social activity facilities for other visitors are not grouped into multiple factors in terms of simplification of the composition of the factors, but they are considered as additional detailed items to consider. A comprehensive analysis of the results of exploratory factor analysis on active seniors is conducted, and active seniors currently have physical health and relaxed economic power. As a result of factor analysis, the analysis results that the first factor (eco-friendly and external space) prefers a residential environment rich in eco-friendly ecological and leisure factors support this. In addition, although he is a healthy senior at present, the preference for the second factor (medical facilities and barrier-free) is interpreted as a major analysis result due to the uncertainty that his health can deteriorate at any time. The fourth factor (maintenance) is an essential item related to economic burden capacity, and can be said to be a detailed preference factor that explains the characteristics of active seniors as a rational economy.
Rapid and sustained nuclear–cytoplasmic ERK oscillations induced by epidermal growth factor (2009)

Although the ERK pathway has a central role in the response of cells to growth factors, its regulatory structure and dynamics are incompletely understood. To investigate ERK activation in real time, we expressed an ERK-GFP fusion protein in human mammary epithelial cells. On EGF stimulation, we observed sustained oscillations of the ERK-GFP fusion protein between the nucleus and cytoplasm with a periodicity of approximately 15 min. The oscillations were persistent (>45 cycles), independent of cell cycle phase, and were highly dependent on cell density, essentially disappearing at confluency. Oscillations occurred even at ligand doses that elicited very low levels of ERK phosphorylation, and could be detected biochemically in both transfected and nontransfected cells. Mathematical modeling revealed that negative feedback from phosphorylated ERK to the cascade input was necessary to match the robustness of the oscillation characteristics observed over a broad range of ligand concentrations. Our characterization of single-cell ERK dynamics provides a quantitative foundation for understanding the regulatory structure of this signaling cascade.
Non-Fickian Water Vapor Sorption Dynamics by Nafion Membranes (2008)

Dynamics of water absorption from a saturated vapor and water desorption into dry air for Nafion 1100 EW ionomers have been measured for film thicknesses between 51 and 606 microm and at temperatures ranging from 30 to 90 degrees C. Water absorption and desorption exhibit two distinct non-Fickian characteristics: (1) desorption is 10 times faster than absorption and (2) the normalized mass change does not collapse to a single master curve when plotted against time normalized by membrane thickness squared, t/l2, for either absorption or desorption. Water desorption data were fit well by a model in which diffusion is rapid and interfacial mass transport resistance is the rate-limiting process for water loss. Water absorption is described by a two-stage process. At early times, interfacial mass transport controls water absorption, and at longer times, water absorption is controlled by the dynamics of polymer swelling and relaxation.