gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Broadband Vector Magnetometry Using Solid-State Spins (2018)

We demonstrate a vector magnetometer that simultaneously measures all Cartesian components of a dynamic magnetic field using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a single-crystal diamond. Optical NV-diamond measurements provide high-sensitivity, broadband magnetometry under ambient or extreme physical conditions; and the fixed crystallographic axes inherent to this solid-state system enable vector sensing free from heading errors. In the present device, multi-channel lock-in detection extracts the magnetic-field-dependent spin resonance shifts of NVs oriented along all four tetrahedral diamond axes from the optical signal measured on a single detector. The sensor operates from near DC up to a $12.5$ kHz measurement bandwidth; and simultaneously achieves $\sim\!50$ pT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ magnetic field sensitivity for each Cartesian component, which is to date the highest demonstrated sensitivity of a full vector magnetometer employing solid-state spins. Compared to optimized devices interrogating the four NV orientations sequentially, the simultaneous vector magnetometer enables a $4\times$ measurement speedup. This technique can be extended to pulsed-type sensing protocols and parallel wide-field magnetic imaging.
Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 DNA by Strand Displacement Amplification on the BD ProbeTec ™ ET System (2005)

We have developed Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA) assays to detect herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1/2) DNA on the BD ProbeTec ET System.* The assays employ a dried reagent format similar to other BD ProbeTec assays and each incorporates an Internal Amplification Control (IAC) to monitor for inhibition of amplification and verify negative results. A simple procedure was developed for testing of clinical specimens in a variety of different viral transport media. The transport medium containing the specimen was added directly to Sample Diluent, boiled for 5 min, cooled and assayed on the BD ProbeTec. The analytical sensitivities of the two assays for cloned plasmid DNA spiked into M4-RT medium containing vaginal swab matrix were 288 copies/reaction for HSV-1 and 147 copies/reaction for HSV-2. Both assays were shown to be compatible with M4, M4-RT, M5 (all Remel) and UTM-RT (Copan/BD Diagnostics) transport media. To verify clinical performance, culture-positive and -negative clinical specimens, including genital, oral, dermal, and ocular swabs in M4, M4-RT or M5 media, were tested. Using preliminary cutoffs for the BD ProbeTec HSV-1/2 assays, the results were as follows. As has been reported elsewhere, a large number of additional positives were identified using the molecular method compared to conventional viral culture. The sensitivity of culture may be reduced because of its dependence on recovering viable HSV from the specimen whereas the molecular method, which detects viral DNA, requires only the presence of small numbers of an intact target sequence. The high number of positive results seen with the BD ProbeTec HSV-2 assay typifies the challenges associated with validation of a novel, more sensitive technology against an older, established gold standard. To determine the true sensitivity and specificity of the BD ProbeTec ET HSV-1/2 assays, comparison to one or more alternative molecular methods will be required. Nevertheless, the results presented here demonstrate the potential for this technology to replace conventional culture as a sensitive means for the detection of HSV from a diverse range of specimen matrices and viral transport media.
Therapeutic Potential of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Peritonitis Induced by Polymicrobial Insult in Sprague-Dawley Rats (2015)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles attenuate the systemic inflammatory response associated with peritonitis, suggesting potential use as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of severe intra-abdominal infection.
Automated Robotic Microscopy System Combining Longitudinal Single Cell Image Analysis with High Throughput/ High Content Screening. INVENTORS (2013)

SUMMARY Gladstone scientists developed automated robotic microscope technology that combines the sensitivity and resolution of longitudinal single cell analysis with the power and capacity of high throughput/ high content screening (HTS/HCS). HTS/HCS is a mainstay of the drug discovery process and our systems provide unique additional power over other commercially available arrangements. Most recently, our computer controlled automated robotic microscopy system has undergone a series of modifications to improve HTS/HCS analysis of biological samples (cells or tissues), while reducing user intervention relative to existing technologies. New configurations facilitate a precise return to, and re-imaging of, the same field (e.g. the same cell). The increased capabilities of the system enable sophisticated experimental designs to test hypotheses dealing with causality over time with greater precision and throughput than existing technologies. Our system incorporates computer software and hardware for control of the chosen microscope system (or other specific imaging device), a bulk sample storage subsystem and a robotic arm (or alternative transport device). The robotic arm can be programmed to select barcoded samples within the storage subsystem, then transport and place these samples in the sample holder on the imaging device. The robotic arm can transport samples of varied size using adjustable grippers. Fiduciary marks on the samples enable a precise automatic alignment within the sample holder by matching up with marks from previously positioned samples. Software programs orchestrate fully automated image acquisition and analysis; stitching together images of microscope fields taken from each single well of a micro-titer plate. These montages are temporally organized then used to assign each cell the equivalent of a “social security number”. When fluorescent reporter proteins are introduced into live cells to probe the activity of biological pathways of interest, large data sets can be automatically analyzed at great speed with the same rigorous statistical tools used for clinical studies. Highly quantitative cell biology with unprecedented sensitivity is automated using the robotic microscope, such that a study of 300,000 cells in a typical experiment takes only 15 minutes to analyze. The criteria used to identify features of interest in cells are explicitly defined and uniformly applied by the software, eliminating any user bias. This automated robotic microscope system has been applied with great effect in primary cells exhibiting time dependent stochastic cell changes relating to normal physiology and disease states in neurodegeneration.
Remote generation of shear wave in soft tissue by pulsed radiation pressure (1997)

Remote generation of shear waves in tissues by a focused ultrasonic beam is the basis of a new acoustic method of medical diagnostics, namely, shear wave elasticity imaging [A. P. Sarvazyan, U.S. Patent No. 5,606,971, 1997]. The feasibility of SWEI was demonstrated recently in experiments with optical and NMR detection of ultrasonically induced shear waves in tissue phantoms. In the present study an SWEI system with ultrasonic detection of shear waves was designed and tested. The shear wave was excited inside an inhomogeneous tissue phantom using radiation force generated by the reflection of ultrasound from internal inhomogeneity. A focusing transducer of 6 cm in diameter and with 6-cm focal length was used. The carrier frequency was 2 MHz, and the intensity was varied in range from 10–30 W/cm2. The rectangular envelope was 0.2 ms in duration. Induced shear motion was evaluated using a 10-μs-long 3-MHz ultrasonic pulse by measuring the time delay for the pulse backscattered by moving inhomogeneities in the tissue. Maximum displacement in the propagating shear wave was over 10 μm, which agrees with theoretical predictions.
Flutter of Mistuned Bladed Disks and Blisks With Aerodynamic and FMM Structural Coupling (2004)

This paper presents the initial results from a research effort on blisk and bladed disk mistuning including both structural and aerodynamic coupling. The structural coupling model is based on the Fundamental Mistuning Model (FMM, developed by Feiner & Griffin). This effort extends the FMM technique to accept the aerodynamic coupling coefficients from computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes. The extended model is applied to a representative engine case. The model and initial studies to identify flutter sensitivities to random and near alternate mistuning are presented. Comparisons are given of tuned and mistuned flutter for only aerodynamic coupling, and with both aerodynamic and structural coupling. For the case studied herein the beneficial effect of mistuning on flutter predicted by aerodynamic coupling models is shown to be greatly inhibited by the inclusion of the structural coupling effects.
Tribological and Electrochemical Characterization of UHMWPE Hybrid Nanocomposite Coating for Biomedical Applications (2019)

A new approach of using a polymer hybrid nanocomposite coating to modify the surface of titanium and its alloys is explored in this study. Electrostatic spray coating process is used to deposit the coating on the plasma-treated substrates for better adhesion. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been selected as the parent matrix for the coating due to its biocompatibility and excellent tribological properties. However, to improve its load-bearing capacity carbon nanotubes (CNT's) (0.5, 1.5, and 3 wt.%) are used as reinforcement and to further enhance its performance, different weight percent of hydroxyapatite (HA) (0.5, 1.5, 3, and 5 wt.%) are introduced to form a hybrid nanocomposite coating. The dispersion of CNT's and HA was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the nanocomposite coatings was evaluated by performing potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic tests in simulated body fluid. Tribological performance of the developed hybrid nanocomposite coating was evaluated using a 6.3 mm diameter stainless steel (440C) ball as the counterface in a ball-on-disk configuration. Tests were carried out at different normal loads (7 N, 9 N, 12 N, and 15 N) and a constant sliding velocity of 0.1 m/s. The developed hybrid nanocomposite coating showed excellent mechanical properties in terms of high hardness, improved scratch resistance, and excellent wear and corrosion resistance compared to the pristine UHMWPE coatings.
Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate nanoparticle-filled dental cement (2018)

The objectives were to develop a novel rechargeable cement containing amorphous calcium-phosphate nanoparticles (nanoACP) to suppress tooth decay. Five cements were made with: (1) 60% glass particles (experimental control); (2) 40% glass+20% nanoACP; (3) 30% glass+30% nanoACP; (4) 20% glass+40% nanoACP; (5) 10% glass+50% nanoACP. Groups 1-4 had enamel bond strengths similar to Transbond XT (3M) and Vitremer (3M) (p>0.1). The nanoACP cement had calcium and phosphate ion release which increased with increasing nanoACP fillers. The recharged cement had substantial ion re-release continuously for 14 days after a single recharge. Ion re-release did not decrease with increasing recharge/re-release cycles. Groups 3-5 maintained a safe pH of medium (>5.5); however, control cements had cariogenic pH of medium (<4.5) due to biofilm acid. Therefore, nanoACP cement (1) had good bond strength to enamel, (2) possessed calcium and phosphate ion recharge/re-release capability, and (3) raised biofilm pH to a safe level to inhibit caries.
All Two-Dimensional, Flexible, Transparent, and Thinnest Thin Film Transistor (2014)

In this article, we report only 10 atomic layer thick, high mobility, transparent thin film transistors (TFTs) with ambipolar device characteristics fabricated on both a conventional silicon platform as well as on a flexible substrate. Monolayer graphene was used as metal electrodes, 3-4 atomic layers of h-BN were used as the gate dielectric, and finally bilayers of WSe2 were used as the semiconducting channel material for the TFTs. The field effect carrier mobility was extracted to be 45 cm(2)/(V s), which exceeds the mobility values of state of the art amorphous silicon based TFTs by ∼100 times. The active device stack of WSe2-hBN-graphene was found to be more than 88% transparent over the entire visible spectrum and the device characteristics were unaltered for in-plane mechanical strain of up to 2%. The device demonstrated remarkable temperature stability over 77-400 K. Low contact resistance value of 1.4 kΩ-μm, subthreshold slope of 90 mv/decade, current ON-OFF ratio of 10(7), and presence of both electron and hole conduction were observed in our all two-dimensional (2D) TFTs, which are extremely desirable but rarely reported characteristics of most of the organic and inorganic TFTs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of all 2D transparent TFT fabricated on flexible substrate along with the highest mobility and current ON-OFF ratio.
Spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy for cancer diagnosis (2011)

A novel microscopy technique, spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy (SL-QPM), is proposed to obtain quantitative phase imaging of sub-cellular structures with sub-nanometer sensitivity. This technique utilizes a low spatial-coherence from a thermal light source and produces a speckle-free, nanoscale-sensitive quantitative phase map of scattering objects. With this technique, for the first time to our knowledge, we quantified the refractive index of the cell nuclei on the original unmodified histology specimens. The results show that the average refractive index of the cell nucleus is significantly increased in cells from cancer patients compared to that of the histologically normal cells from healthy patients. More importantly, we demonstrate the superior sensitivity of refractive index of cell nucleus in detecting cancer from histologically normal cells from cancer patients. Because this technique is simple, sensitive, does not require special tissue processing, and can be applied to archived specimens, it can be disseminated to all clinical settings.
Fiber optic Raman volatile organic compound (VOC) sensor (1995)

A novel fiber optic Raman probe for detection and identification of VOC vapors above an aqueous solution of VOC`s is described. The probe utilizes an absorbent resin, C-18, to concentrate the organic vapors in the optical path of the Raman probe. By using an adsorbent material coupled to fiber optic Raman spectroscopy, the probe is highly selective, sensitive and exhibits a fully reversible response. The probe exhibits a fully reversible response to organic vapors such as carbon tetrachloride or benzene.
Mutations of cypovirus polyhedrin and applications of polyhedra to protein nanocontainers (2010)

Cypoviruses, a member of the family Reoviridae, are one group of insect virus that produce micrometer-sized protein crystals called cytoplasmic polyhedra. Many virus particles are occluded in polyhedra to protect them against extracellular environment. Recently we have developed a novel method for protein immobilization into polyhedra. It is possible to use these polyhedra to device ultra-stable protein nanocontainers. However, a weak point of the protein nanocontainers is that polyhedra dissolve only in very high pH condition (pH > 10). It seems important now to carry out structure-based engineering of polyhedrin to derive mutants for multiple purposes, for example, such that the crystals can be dissolved at pH values that are not as drastic. We have identified a cluster of tyrosine at a packing contact, deprotonation of which is likely to cause disruption of the lattice at very alkaline pH. It is perhaps possible to test the effect of substitution of these tyrosine residues by other amino acids. We show that the substitutions of some residues in a cluster of tyrosine lead to modify a solubility of polyhedra. The results suggest that the modified polyhedra can serve as the basis for the development of robust and versatile nanoparticles for biotechnological applications.
Strain Induced Crystallization in Stereoregular Poly[Methyl(3,3,3-Trifluoropropyl) Siloxane] Networks (1997)

Abstract Elastomeric networks based on poly[methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)siloxane] having a minimum level of stereo-regularity crystallize and self-reinforce when stretched at room temperature. The effect is especially pronounced in networks where the cross-links are uniformly spaced. The polymers are made by modification of a recently described anionic ring opening copolymerization of prescribed mixtures of cis - and trans -1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris (3′, 3′, 3′-trifluoropropyl) cyclotrisiloxane. This provides polymers enriched in stereoregularity with nearly monodisperse molecular weight distributions and reactive groups at the chain ends. The end-linked networks show markedly enhanced mechanical properties due to self-reinforcement from strain-induced crystallization. In addition to applied strain, self-reinforcement depends on temperature and the amount of stereoregularity introduced to the polymer. Strained specimens having high levels of stereoregularity and pre-existing crystallinity exhibit plastic flow and, upon release of the applied strain, stress-hardening. Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) on strained specimens establishes that, although the relative degree of crystallinity varies, the basic crystal structure is unaltered by cross-linking, amount of strain, or amount of stereoregularity. Unit cell parameters from WAXS indicate a monoclinic crystal and suggest a 4 * 1 1 chain conformation.
Diffuse lamellar keratitis complicating laser in situ keratomileusis (2005)

PURPOSE: To describe a surveillance system and summarize data between January 2000 and December 2002 regarding diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK), a complication of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery. SETTING: Community-based clinics in British Columbia, Canada, in which LASIK surgery is performed. METHODS: Monthly, all clinics in which LASIK is performed reported the number of LASIK procedures and nonnominal cases of DLK (by grade and onset date) to the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. Diffuse lamellar keratitis outbreaks were investigated, and prevention and control measures were recommended. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2002, approximately 72 000 LASIK procedures were performed, with a mean DLK incidence rate of 0.67% (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.73). The overall proportion of DLK cases attributed to outbreaks was 64%, decreasing from 72% in 2000 to 40% in 2003. CONCLUSIONS: An effective DLK surveillance program was implemented at all laser refractive clinics in British Columbia. Reported DLK incidence was 0.67 cases per 100 procedures, with 64% occurring in outbreaks.
A Fast and Generalized Space Vector Modulation Scheme for Multilevel Inverters (2014)

This paper presents a fast and generalized space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) scheme for any multilevel inverter. The SVPWM scheme generates all the available switching states and switching sequences based on two simple and general mappings, and calculates the duty cycles simply as if for a two-level SVPWM, thus independent of the level number of the inverter. Because the switching states, duty cycles, and switching sequences are all obtained by simple calculation in the proposed SVPWM scheme, no lookup table is needed and the scheme is computationally fast. The generalized method of generating the switching states (first mapping), calculating the duty cycles, and determining the switching sequence (second mapping) is described in this paper. The scheme is suitable for any reference vector with any modulation index, and can be conveniently extended to meet specific requirements, such as symmetric switching sequences. Compared with prior methods, the SVPWM scheme proposed in this paper provides two more degrees of freedom, i.e., the adjustable switching sequences and duty cycles, thus offering significant flexibility for optimizing the performance of multilevel inverters. The influence of redundant switching sequences in the output phase voltage of inverters is demonstrated for a nine-level inverter. This paper also thoroughly compares the proposed SVPWM scheme with prior methods. Both simulation and experimental results are given.
Increased Cellulose Production from Sucrose with Reduced Levan Accumulation by an<i>Acetobacter</i>Strain Harboring a Recombinant Plasmid (1998)

Cellulose production from sucrose by Acetobacter strains is accompanied by the accumulation of a water-soluble polysaccharide, called levan. To improve cellulose productivity, a levansucrase-deficient mutant, LD-2, was derived from Acetobacter strain 757 and used as a host for the construction of recombinant strains. An LD-2 mutant harboring a plasmid containing the sucrase gene, sucZE3, from Zymomonas mobilis together with zliS, a gene that encodes a secretion-activating factor under the control of the Escherichia coli lac promoter, had sucrase activity and produced much cellulose and little levan in a medium containing sucrose. In addition, a mutant levansucrase gene, mutant sacB, from Bacillus subtilis, which encodes a protein with little levan-forming activity, was generated by site-directed mutagenesis and introduced into the LD-2 mutant. This introduction also resulted in the higher cellulose productivity and little levan.
Modeling of vehicle driving conditions using transition probability models (2011)

This paper considers modeling of vehicle driving conditions using transition probability models (TPMs) for applications of dynamic optimization. The properties of transition probabilities for vehicle speed, vehicle acceleration, and road grade are discussed based on the analysis and experimental vehicle data. The KL-divergence is shown to provide an effective metric that can differentiate similar driving conditions from dissimilar ones.
Anti-phase mode isolation in tuning-fork MEMS using a lever coupling design (2012)

A new coupling design is proposed and demonstrated for MEMS tuning-fork structures, which successfully isolates the anti-phase vibratory mode in both frequency and Q-factor. G-sensitivity is reduced by design through 1) creation of a high frequency separation between anti-phase and in-phase vibratory modes, 2) maximization of the in-phase resonance frequency, and 3) minimization of in-phase Q-factors. The proposed design accomplishes these goals by using a levering mechanism for coupling the proof masses, in contrast to a conventional approach via flexural spring. This structural design allows for large frequency separations between the anti-phase and in-phase vibratory modes, experimentally demonstrated up to 119% using a previously established quadruple mass gyroscope (QMG) [1]. Furthermore, due to the additional stress present within the lever coupling, in-phase Q-factors are reduced through tailored thermoelastic damping. The result is an anti-phase resonance separated in Q-factor and fQ product by over two orders of magnitude, compared to the in-phase mode. This is shown in comparison to an identical device with a spring coupling, demonstrated with a 25% frequency separation and one order of magnitude separation in both Q-factor and fQ product.
Solid phase radioimmunoassay of digoxin. [Tritium tracer techniques] (1976)

Clinically significant concentrations of digoxin can be determined by reacting an unknown amount of digoxin, a known amount of labelled digoxin, and a composite consisting of anti-digoxin antibodies coupled through an intermediate silane to magnetically responsive particles; magnetically separating the immunochemical complexes formed thereby, counting the radioactivity of either the separated products or remaining solution, and relating the count to a standard curve. 7 claims, 2 drawing figures.