gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Marker Calibration Method Utilizing A Priori Knowledge on Marker Arrangement (2005)

This paper describes a calibration method of markers which are used for registration in MR applications. There have been many vision-based approaches proposed as registration methods in MR. When multiple markers are utilized in a vision-based method, it is necessary that the geometric information of the marker arrangement such as their positions and orientations be known in advance. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method combining the "bundle adjustment method," which is a photogrammetric technique that calculates the geometric information from a set of images, with some constraints on the marker arrangement which are obtained a priori (e.g. the multiple markers are located on a single plane). After considering marker arrangements seen in many MR systems, we summarize some constraints seen in these arrangements. Then, we explain the basic framework of this method as well as a solution method under some practical constraints. We further describe several experiments and their results in order to show the effectiveness of this method.
SULFUR RECOVERY WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS, LOW CAPITAL INVESTMENT AND HYDROGEN CO-PRODUCTION (1996)

Abstract The main disadvantage of the Claus process is that by introducing air as oxidant a large volume of tail gas is produced. This must be treated to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur-containing gases. The costs of the tail-gas unit are a significant fraction of the total capital and operating costs for sulfur recovery. A new process uses thermal decomposition of hydrogen sulfide in the presence of carbon dioxide instead of air oxidation. The products of this reaction are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, elemental sulfur, water vapor and carbonyl sulfide. Carbonyl sulfide is easily converted to H2S and C02 by liquid- or vapor-phase hydrolysis. Unreacted H2S and C02 are recovered by absorption and recycled to the reactor. Since no air is introduced, there is no tail gas and the tail-gas unit is eliminated, giving a substantial reduction in capital investment. The concentrations of sulfur-containing gases in the product streams depend only on the operation of the absorber and stripper units and can be controlled to very low levels by increasing stripper boil-up. Process operating costs depend on the level of sulfur recovery required and can also be much lower than those of the modified Claus Process. The process chemistry depends on a shift in the equilibrium of H2S decomposition caused by reaction of hydrogen with C02 by the reverse of the water-gas-shift reaction. Catalysts for this chemistry have been identified. Reactor conversion is further improved by rapid cooling of the reactor effluent gas. Other aspects of process design and operation confer further advantages with respect to the Claus process; however, the process equipment used is similar to that used in a Claus plant. Retrofit of existing plant to the new technology can therefore be considered.
Developing Vegetable Oil-Based High Performance Thermosetting Resins (2014)

Renewable thermosetting resins were developed from the vegetable oil feedstocks. Acrylated soybean oil (ASO) was prepared using a novel one-step acrylation of soybean oil (SO) and copolymerization of the ASO and styrene was demonstrated. The flexural and dynamic mechanical properties of the resulting crosslinked copolymer were evaluated. Biobased epoxy monomers, including rosin-derived diglycidyl ether, fatyy acid-derived diglycidyl ether and triglycidyl ether, were synthesized. A series of epoxy resins with various properties could be obtained by adjusting the composition of the resin compositions. Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical properties of the cured resins were also determined. Especially, the epoxy resins derived from triglycidyl ester displayed comparable strength, modulus and glass transition temperature to that of DER332. Combining the rigid rosin-derived epoxy and the flexible dimer acid one could result in resins with balanced properties and overall improved performance.
Conversion of light alcohols to hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 zeolite and asbestos-derived zeolite catalysts (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of light alcohols to hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 zeolite and asbestos-derived zeolite catalystsRaymond Le Van Mao and Gerald P. McLaughlinCite this: Energy Fuels 1989, 3, 5, 620–624Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00017a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00017a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular virology of Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (2001)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the most recently discovered human tumour virus, is the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and some forms of Castleman's disease. KSHV is a rhadinovirus, and like other rhadinoviruses, it has an extensive array of regulatory genes obtained from the host cell genome. These pirated KSHV proteins include homologues to cellular CD21, three different beta-chemokines, IL-6, BCL-2, several different interferon regulatory factor homologues, Fas-ligand ICE inhibitory protein (FLIP), cyclin D and a G-protein-coupled receptor, as well as DNA synthetic enzymes including thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, DNA polymerase, thymidine kinase and ribonucleotide reductases. Despite marked differences between KSHV and Epstein-Barr virus, both viruses target many of the same cellular pathways, but use different strategies to achieve the same effects. KSHV proteins have been identified which inhibit cell-cycle regulation checkpoints, apoptosis control mechanisms and the immune response regulatory machinery. Inhibition of these cellular regulatory networks app ears to be a defensive means of allowing the virus to escape from innate antiviral immune responses. However, due to the overlapping nature of innate immune and tumour-suppressor pathways, inhibition of these regulatory networks can lead to unregulated cell proliferation and may contribute to virus-induced tumorigenesis.
Data fusion analysis for maritime automatic Target Recognition with designation confidence metrics (2015)

This research encompasses robust data fusion methodology for maritime target feature extraction and combinatorial classifiers (Vector Quantizer, Neural Networks based on both Gaussian Mixture Models and Radial Basis Function), which also includes confidence metrics for designations. Feature extraction techniques act on 2-d Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) images and novel 1-d range profiles. Designations are made with an ISAR database of over 2500 images and 8 basic classes. The Fusion classifier confusion-matrix results indicate the correct classification probability of 80.1% and perfect joint-classification designation in the rarer instances where 2 similar classes are too hard to distinguish from.
Xanthates as Chain‐Transfer Agents in Controlled Radical Polymerization (MADIX): Structural Effect of the <i>O</i>‐Alkyl Group (2002)

Abstract The capability of three chain‐transfer agents, O ‐alkyl‐ S ‐(1‐ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl xanthates (CH 3 CHCO 2 C 2 H 5 )S(CS)OZ′, to control the free‐radical polymerization of styrene and ethyl acrylate by the MADIX process was examined. The reactivity of the xanthates varied according to the following trend: Z′  CH 2 CH 3 < CH 2 CF 3 < CH[P(O)(OEt) 2 ]CF 3 . This change in reactivity allowed a lowering of the polydispersity index from 2.0 for Z′  CH 2 CH 3 to 1.15 for Z′  CH[P(O)(OEt) 2 ]CF 3 in the case of the polymerization of styrene. Evolution of M w / M n with conversion during the polymerization of ethyl acrylate in the presence of xanthates X 1 , X 2 and X 3 . Reaction conditions: [EA] 0 = 4.6 M , [X] 0 = 5.75 × 10 −2 M , [AIBN] 0 = 1.72 × 10 −3 M ; T = 80 °C ; solvent: toluene. magnified image Evolution of M w / M n with conversion during the polymerization of ethyl acrylate in the presence of xanthates X 1 , X 2 and X 3 . Reaction conditions: [EA] 0 = 4.6 M , [X] 0 = 5.75 × 10 −2 M , [AIBN] 0 = 1.72 × 10 −3 M ; T = 80 °C ; solvent: toluene.
Models of human core transcriptional regulatory circuitries (2016)

A small set of core transcription factors (TFs) dominates control of the gene expression program in embryonic stem cells and other well-studied cellular models. These core TFs collectively regulate their own gene expression, thus forming an interconnected auto-regulatory loop that can be considered the core transcriptional regulatory circuitry (CRC) for that cell type. There is limited knowledge of core TFs, and thus models of core regulatory circuitry, for most cell types. We recently discovered that genes encoding known core TFs forming CRCs are driven by super-enhancers, which provides an opportunity to systematically predict CRCs in poorly studied cell types through super-enhancer mapping. Here, we use super-enhancer maps to generate CRC models for 75 human cell and tissue types. These core circuitry models should prove valuable for further investigating cell-type–specific transcriptional regulation in healthy and diseased cells.
Quantitative immunopeptidomics reveals a tumor stroma–specific target for T cell therapy (2022)

T cell receptor (TCR)–based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with solid cancers. Identifying peptide–human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) complexes highly presented on tumors and rarely expressed on healthy tissue in combination with high-affinity TCRs that when introduced into T cells can redirect T cells to eliminate tumor but not healthy tissue is a key requirement for safe and efficacious TCR-based therapies. To discover promising shared tumor antigens that could be targeted via TCR-based adoptive T cell therapy, we employed population-scale immunopeptidomics using quantitative mass spectrometry across ~1500 tumor and normal tissue samples. We identified an HLA-A*02:01-restricted pan-cancer epitope within the collagen type VI α-3 ( COL6A3 ) gene that is highly presented on tumor stroma across multiple solid cancers due to a tumor-specific alternative splicing event that rarely occurs outside the tumor microenvironment. T cells expressing natural COL6A3-specific TCRs demonstrated only modest activity against cells presenting high copy numbers of COL6A3 pHLAs. One of these TCRs was affinity-enhanced, enabling transduced T cells to specifically eliminate tumors in vivo that expressed similar copy numbers of pHLAs as primary tumor specimens. The enhanced TCR variants exhibited a favorable safety profile with no detectable off-target reactivity, paving the way to initiate clinical trials using COL6A3-specific TCRs to target an array of solid tumors.
Solgel growth of vanadium dioxide thin films (1989)

Vanadium dioxide undergoes a reversible thermally induced semiconductor—metal phase transition near 70°C.1 Associated with this transition, the material exhibits large changes in its optical, electrical, and magnetic characteristics with respect to temperature.1,2 The extent of these changes depends on the stoichiometry and homogeneity of the VO2 film. By substituting various dopant transition metal ions into the VO2 lattice, the observed transition temperature may be raised or lowered depending on the percent and valence of the dopant ions added.
Advanced Integrated Bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009)

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) technology provides an effective solution for achieving higher fuel economy, better performance, and lower emissions, compared with conventional vehicles. Plug-in HEVs (PHEVs) are HEVs with plug-in capabilities and provide a more all-electric range; hence, PHEVs improve fuel economy and reduce emissions even more. PHEVs have a battery pack of high energy density and can run solely on electric power for a given range. The battery pack can be recharged by a neighborhood outlet. In this paper, a novel integrated bidirectional AC/DC charger and DC/DC converter (henceforth, the integrated converter) for PHEVs and hybrid/plug-in-hybrid conversions is proposed. The integrated converter is able to function as an AC/DC battery charger and to transfer electrical energy between the battery pack and the high-voltage bus of the electric traction system. It is shown that the integrated converter has a reduced number of high-current inductors and current transducers and has provided fault-current tolerance in PHEV conversion.
Single Crystals of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Formed by Self-Assembly (2001)

We report the self-assembly of single crystals of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using thermolysis of nano-patterned precursors. The synthesis of these perfectly ordered, single crystals of SWCNTs results in extended structures with dimension on the micrometer scale. Each crystal is composed of an ordered array of tubes with identical diameters and chirality, although these properties vary between crystals. The results show that SWCNTs can be produced as a perfect bulk material on the micrometer scale and point toward the synthesis of bulk macroscopic crystalline material.
Electrochemical cell with powdered electrically insulative material as a separator. [oxides, nitrides] (1978)

A secondary electrochemical cell includes electrodes separated by a layer of electrically insulative powder. The powder includes refractory materials selected from the oxides and nitrides of metals and metalloids. The powdered refractory material, blended with electrolyte particles, can be compacted in layers with electrode materials to form an integral electrode structure or separately assembled into the cell. The assembled cell is heated to operating temperature to leave porous layers of electrically insulative, refractory particles containing molten electrolyte between the electrodes. 3 figures.
Near-eye light field holographic rendering with spherical waves for wide field of view interactive 3D computer graphics (2017)

Holograms display a 3D image in high resolution and allow viewers to focus freely as if looking through a virtual window, yet computer generated holography (CGH) hasn't delivered the same visual quality under plane wave illumination and due to heavy computational cost. Light field displays have been popular due to their capability to provide continuous focus cues. However, light field displays must trade off between spatial and angular resolution, and do not model diffraction. We present a light field-based CGH rendering pipeline allowing for reproduction of high-definition 3D scenes with continuous depth and support of intra-pupil view-dependent occlusion. Our rendering accurately accounts for diffraction and supports various types of reference illuminations for hologram. We avoid under- and over-sampling and geometric clipping effects seen in previous work. We also demonstrate an implementation of light field rendering plus the Fresnel diffraction integral based CGH calculation which is orders of magnitude faster than the state of the art [Zhang et al. 2015], achieving interactive volumetric 3D graphics. To verify our computational results, we build a see-through, near-eye, color CGH display prototype which enables co-modulation of both amplitude and phase. We show that our rendering accurately models the spherical illumination introduced by the eye piece and produces the desired 3D imagery at the designated depth. We also analyze aliasing, theoretical resolution limits, depth of field, and other design trade-offs for near-eye CGH.
Infrared Emission and Remote Sensing (1992)

With initial support from the Colorado Office of Energy Conservation in 1987, the University of Denver (DU) developed an infra-red (IR) remote monitoring system. In less than a second the instrument measures the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide ratio (CO/CO{sub 2}) in the exhaust of most vehicles passing through the IR light beam. It has been shown to give accurate readings for CO by double-blind studies of vehicles both on the road and on dynamometers. Recent improvements include the capability to monitor hydrocarbon exhaust levels, also using IR absorption. These readings have also been validated by the California Air Resources Board. Researchers from General Motors were the first to raise the question of IR emission interferences. Potential inaccuracies can occur if IR emission occurs in sufficient magnitude during absorption data collection. The GM researchers observed IR emission especially from trucks and vans. Uncertainty exists about its effect on the absorption data. The investigation shows that under normal operating conditions IR emission is not a problem for the DU remote sensing instruments.
An optical correlator using a low-temperature-grown GaAs photoconductor (1996)

A sampling correlator is described which is useful for characterizing optical pulses with subpicosecond resolution. The correlator exploits the ultrafast nonlinear response of a photoconductor made of low-temperature-grown (LTG) gallium arsenide, which is connected to a coplanar-waveguide line. Instead of using a nonlinear crystal, the LTG-GaAs correlator uses a nonlinearity associated with the transmission line and photoconductor functioning as a voltage divider. The resulting nonlinearity is used to measure the intensity autocorrelation function.
<title>Laser skin resurfacing using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser after topical application of an exogenous chromophore</title> (1999)

Laser skin resurfacing is usually performed with CO<SUB>2</SUB> or Er:YAG lasers. Since frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) is already used in dermatology for angiodysplasias treatment, a new laser resurfacing method was investigated. In this study, we evaluated the possibility to achieve skin resurfacing using a 532 nm laser after topical application of an exogenous chromophore. This exogenous chromophore consisted in carbon dispersed and mixed with film-forming polymers and water. The resultant solution was applied to the skin surface using an air brush. Validation was performed in vivo on rat skin using the following laser parameters (532 nm, 2.7 W, 1 mm, 50 - 200 ms). Skin biopsies were taken to evaluate histological changes and to quantify epidermis ablation and dermis coagulation. Wound healing was followed up. The results showed that dermis coagulation depth increased as a function of exposure time. In conclusion, the concept of applying a carbon-based solution onto skin in order to obtain firstly laser light conversion into heat and secondly an heat transfer to the tissue is valid for laser skin resurfacing. By selecting exposure time, dermis coagulation depth can be either the one observed with Er:YAG laser or the one obtained with CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser.
<title>Use of an opacity constraint in three-dimensional imaging</title> (1994)

Three-dimensional imaging provides profile information not available with conventional 2D imaging. Many 3D objects of interest are opaque to the illuminating radiation, meaning that the object exhibits surface, as opposed to volume, scattering. We investigate the use of an opacity constraint to perform 3D phase retrieval. The use of an opacity constraint in conjunction with frequency-diverse pupil-plane speckle measurements to reconstruct a 3D object constitutes a novel unconventional-imaging concept. This imaging modality avoids the difficulties associated with making phase measurements at a cost of increased computations.
Optical coherence photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo multimodal retinal imaging (2015)

We developed an optical coherence photoacoustic microscopy (OC-PAM) system, which can accomplish optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) simultaneously by using a single pulsed broadband light source. With a center wavelength of 800 nm and a bandwidth of 30 nm, the system is suitable for imaging the retina. Generated from the same group of photons, the OCT and PAM images are intrinsically registered in the lateral directions. To test the capabilities of the system on multimodal ophthalmic imaging, we imaged the retina of pigmented rats. The OCT images showed the retinal structures with quality similar to conventional OCT, while the PAM images revealed the distribution of absorbers in the retina. Since the absorption of hemoglobin is relatively weak at around 800 nm, the NIR PAM signals are generated mainly from melanin in the posterior segment of the eye, thus providing melanin-specific imaging of the retina.
Gradient Nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry Metasurfaces (2015)

We apply the Pancharatnam-Berry phase approach to plasmonic metasurfaces loaded by highly nonlinear multi-quantum well substrates, establishing a platform to control the nonlinear wavefront at will based on giant localized nonlinear effects. We apply this approach to design flat nonlinear metasurfaces for efficient second-harmonic radiation, including beam steering, focusing, and polarization manipulation. Our findings open a new direction for nonlinear optics, in which phase matching issues are relaxed, and an unprecedented level of local wavefront control is achieved over thin devices with giant nonlinear responses.
5-HT1A Receptors, Gene Repression, and Depression: Guilt by Association (2004)

The serotonin system is implicated in major depression and suicide and is negatively regulated by somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors. Desensitization of 5-HT1A autoreceptors is implicated in the 2- to 3-week latency for antidepressant treatments. Alterations in 5-HT1A receptor levels are reported in depression and suicide, and gene knockout of the 5-HT1A receptor results in an anxiety phenotype, suggesting that abnormal transcriptional regulation of this receptor gene may underlie these disorders. The 5-HT1A receptor gene is negatively regulated in neurons by repressors including REST/NRSF, Freud-1, NUDR/Deaf-1, and Hes5. The association with major depression, suicide, and panic disorder of a new functional 5-HT1A polymorphism at C(-1019)G that selectively blocks repression of the 5-HT1A autoreceptor by NUDR further suggests a causative role for altered regulation of this receptor in predisposition to mental illness. The authors review evidence that altered transcription of the 5-HT1A receptor can affect the serotonin system and limbic and cortical areas, leading to predisposition to depression.