gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature on Firmness of Raw Fruits and Vegetables (1982)

ABSTRACT The firmness of a number of fruits and vegetables was measured by deformation, extrusion and puncture tests over the temperature range 0‐45°C. Most commodities showed decreasing firmness with increasing temperature but there were several exceptions to this general rule. For the majority of the commodities tested the firmness‐temperature relationship was approximately linear. The firmness‐temperature coefficient is defined as [(firmness at T 2 – firmness at T 1 )/(firmness at T 1 (T 2 − T 1 )] × 100 (percent change in firmness per degree temperature change) where T 1 = lowest temperature and T 2 = highest temperature at which firmness is measured. The firmness‐temperature coefficient ranged from ‐1.65 for apricot to +0.12 for carrot using the puncture principle, from −0.97 for Baby Gold peach to +7.7 for large Canoga strawberries tested between 30–45°C using the deformation principle, and from ‐0.04 for Golden Delicious apple stored 7 months to −1.34 for NK199 sweet corn using the extrusion principle.
Dynamics of Elastic Beams with Embedded Fluid-Filled Parallel-Channel Networks (2015)

A pressurized fluid-filled parallel-channel network embedded in an elastic beam, asymmetrically to the neutral plane, will create a deformation field within the beam. Deformation due to embedded fluidic networks is currently studied in the context of soft actuators and soft-robotic applications. Expanding on this concept, configurations can be designed so that the pressure in the channel network is created directly from external forces acting on the beam, and thus can be viewed as passive solid-fluid composite structures. We approximate the deformation of such structures and relate the fluid pressure and geometry of the network to a continuous deformation-field function. This enables the design of networks creating steady arbitrary deformation fields as well as to eliminate deformation created by external time-varying forces, thus increasing the effective rigidity of the beam. In addition, by including the effects of the deformation created by the channel network on the beam inertia, we can modify the response of the beam to external time-varying forces. We present a scheme to design channel networks that create predefined oscillating deformation patterns in response to external oscillating forces. The ability to include inertial effects is relevant to the design of dynamic soft robots and soft actuators. Our results are illustrated and validated by numerical computations.
HiFi (2014)

In this paper, we propose the HiFi which enables users to interact with surrounding physical objects. It uses coded light to encode the position of user's mobile device in an environment. By attaching a tiny light sensor on a user's mobile device, the user can attach digital information to arbitrary static physical objects or retrieve/modify the attached information as well. With this system, a family member may attach a digital maintenance schedule to a fish tank or indoor plants so that all family members may retrieve that for maintenance reference. In a store, a store manager may use such a system to attach price tag, discount information and multimedia content to any products and customers can get the attached information by moving their phone close to the focused product. Similarly, a museum can use this system to provide extra information of displayed items to visitors. Different from computer vision based systems, HiFi does not depend on object's texture and illumination, etc. Different from regular barcode approaches, HiFi does not require extra physical attachments that may change an object's native appearance. HiFi has much higher spatial resolution for distinguishing close objects or attached parts of the same object. As the HiFi system can track a mobile device at 80 positions per second, it also has much faster response than any above listed system.
High Aspect Ratio Nanotubes Formed by Tobacco Mosaic Virus for Delivery of Photodynamic Agents Targeting Melanoma (2016)

Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that is unresponsive to many traditional therapies. Recently, photodynamic therapy has shown promise in its treatment as an adjuvant therapy. However, conventional photosensitizers are limited by poor solubility and limited accumulation within target tissue. Here, we report the delivery of a porphyrin-based photosensitizer encapsulated within a plant viral nanoparticle. Specifically, we make use of the hollow, high aspect ratio nanotubes formed by the nucleoprotein components of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to encapsulate the drug for delivery and targeting of cancer cells. The cationic photosensitizer was successfully and stably loaded into the interior channel of TMV via electrostatic interactions. Cell uptake and efficacy were evaluated using a model of melanoma. The resulting TMV-photosensitizer exhibited improved cell uptake and efficacy when compared to free photosensitizer, making it a promising platform for improved therapy of melanoma.
Stery-hand: A new device to support hand disinfection (2010)

Incomplete disinfection can cause serious complications in surgical care. The teaching of effective hand washing is crucial in modern medical training. To support the objective evaluation of hand disinfection, we developed a compact, mobile device, relying on digital imaging and image processing. The hardware consists of a metal case with matte black interior, ultra-violet lighting and a digital camera. Image segmentation and clustering are performed on a regular notebook. The hand washing procedures performed with a soap mixed with UV-reflective powder. This results the skin showing bright under UV light only on the treated (sterile) surfaces. When the surgeon inserts its hands into the box, the camera placed on the top takes an image of the hand for evaluation. The software performs the segmentation and clustering automatically. First, the hand contour is determined from the green intensity channel of the recorded RGB image. Then, the pixels of the green channel belonging to the hand are partitioned to three clusters using a quick, histogram based fuzzy c-means algorithm. The optimal threshold between the intensities of clean and dirty areas is extracted using these clusters, while the final approximated percentage of the clean area is computed using a weighting formula. The main advantage of our device is the ability to obtain objective and comparable result on the quality of hand disinfection. It may find its best use in the clinical education and training.
Photonic true-time delay beamforming system for a phased array antenna receiver (2015)

In this paper we propose a phased array antenna receiver which relies on a photonic true time delay beamformer. The beamformer is based on a tunable optical delay line, which comprises a phase shifter for adjusting the power-coupling ratio between the arms of a Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer. The system can be integrated in a chip avoiding scalability problems of beamformers networks. The time delay between the arms of the interferometer can be adjusted allowing record ultra-fast switching times. The concept for N antenna elements is described and simulation results of the tunable optical delay lines show that the system provides true-time delay beamforming with negligible signal distortion for a moderate number of antenna elements.
Mucosal absorption of therapeutic peptides by harnessing the endogenous sorting of glycosphingolipids (2018)

Transport of biologically active molecules across tight epithelial barriers is a major challenge preventing therapeutic peptides from oral drug delivery. Here, we identify a set of synthetic glycosphingolipids that harness the endogenous process of intracellular lipid-sorting to enable mucosal absorption of the incretin hormone GLP-1. Peptide cargoes covalently fused to glycosphingolipids with ceramide domains containing C6:0 or smaller fatty acids were transported with 20-100-fold greater efficiency across epithelial barriers in vitro and in vivo. This was explained by structure-function of the ceramide domain in intracellular sorting and by the affinity of the glycosphingolipid species for insertion into and retention in cell membranes. In mice, GLP-1 fused to short-chain glycosphingolipids was rapidly and systemically absorbed after gastric gavage to affect glucose tolerance with serum bioavailability comparable to intraperitoneal injection of GLP-1 alone. This is unprecedented for mucosal absorption of therapeutic peptides, and defines a technology with many other clinical applications.
Hot Spot‐Localized Artificial Antibodies for Label‐Free Plasmonic Biosensing (2012)

The development of biomolecular imprinting over the last decade has raised promising perspectives in replacing natural antibodies with artificial antibodies. A significant number of reports have been dedicated to imprinting of organic and inorganic nanostructures, but very few were performed on nanomaterials with a transduction function. Herein we describe a relatively fast and efficient plasmonic hot spot-localized surface imprinting of gold nanorods using reversible template immobilization and siloxane co-polymerization. The technique enables a fine control of the imprinting process at the nanometer scale and provides a nanobiosensor with high selectivity and reusability. Proof of concept is established by the detection of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a biomarker for acute kidney injury, using localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The work represents a valuable step towards plasmonic nanobiosensors with synthetic antibodies for label-free and cost-efficient diagnostic assays. We expect that this novel class of surface imprinted plasmonic nanomaterials will open up new possibilities in advancing biomedical applications of plasmonic nanostructures.
<title>Automatic focus quality analysis for managing large collection of digital photographs</title> (2005)

In managing large collections of digital photographs, there have been many research efforts to compute low level image features such as texture and color to aid different managing tasks (e.g. query-by-example applications or scene classification for image clustering). In this paper, we focus on the assessment of image quality as a complementary feature to improve the manageability of images. Specifically, we propose an effective and efficient algorithm to analyze the focus quality of the photographs and provide quantitative measurement of the assessment. In this algorithm, global figure-of-merits are computed from matrices of the local image statistics such as sharpness, brightness and color saturation. The global figure-of-merits represent how well each image meets the prior assumptions about focus quality of natural images. Then, a collection of the global figure-of-merits are used to decide how well-focused an image is. Experimental results show that the method can detect 90% of the out-of-focus photographs labeled by experts while producing 11% of false positives. We further apply this quantitative measure in image management tasks, including image content filtering/sorting based on the focus quality and image retrieval.
Similar genetic mechanisms may underlie sleep–wake states in neonatal and adult rats (2001)

Genetic differences in the characteristics of sleep-wake states in adult animals offer a potential window for examining how the neonatal and adult behavioural states are related to one another. Our recent finding that adult Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats show pronounced genetic differences in sleep-wake patterns relative to the Wistar (WIS) control strain led us to investigate the relationship between these behavioural states in neonates and adults in a longitudinal study in these two strains of rats. Similar pronounced differences in the sleep-wake states were observed between WKY and WIS rats in neonatal and in adult animals. At both ages, WKY rats spent more time in activesleep (AS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and less time in quiet sleep (QS) and non-REM sleep (NREMS) than WIS rats, and the sleep-wake states were more fragmented in neonatal and adult WKY rats. While it is not known how neonatal AS and QS are physiologically related to adult REMS and NREMS, respectively, the finding of similar differences in the amounts of sleep-wake states in neonatal and adult WKY and WIS rats argues strongly that at some level they are controlled by similar genetic as well as cellular/physiological mechanisms.
Double-Phase Polling Algorithm Based on Partitioned ONU Subgroups for High Utilization in EPONs (2009)

The Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is an emerging technology for the next-generation broadband access networks and is considered an up-to-date candidate network for future fiber to the home. A crucial issue in EPONs is the sharing of uplink bandwidth among optical network units (ONUs). To manage resources efficiently, research on polling schemes based on multipoint control protocol has been conducted. We propose a novel polling algorithm to increase resource utilization by partitioning ONUs into two subgroups with some overlap. In the proposed scheme, after receiving frames from ONUs in one subgroup, the OLT performs dynamic bandwidth allocation for ONUs in the other. Hence, the OLT continuously receives frames from ONUs without significant interruptions. Comprehensive computer simulation results show that the proposed algorithm both defers saturation points of queues in ONUs and provides outstanding network throughput compared with previous work. It has up to 45% lower average packet delay and maximum performance improvement of 17% with respect to network throughput.
The effect of NaOH on the direct calcification–carbonation method for processing of Bayer process red mud (2017)

Abstract The Bayer red mud generated from the alumina industry is a hazardous solid waste. In our team, a green calcification–carbonation process is proposed for its disposal. Red mud is treated with lime to convert the silicon phase in solution into hydrogarnet, which is then decomposed by CO 2 to recover alumina. In order to simplify the process flow, the direct carbonation process is employed, in which the NaOH-containing solution resulting from calcification is sent directly to carbonation without prior liquid–solid separation. The discrete and direct carbonation processes gave 34.9% and 35.5% alumina recoveries, respectively, with Na 2 O contents in the final red muds of 0.15%wt and 0.21%wt, respectively. The optimum NaOH concentration in the whole calcification–carbonation process liquor was 40 g/l. Under this alkali condition, alumina recovery reached 40.5% and the Na 2 O content in the processed red mud was reduced to <1 %wt.
Silicon surface passivation by PEDOT: PSS functionalized by SnO<sub>2</sub>and TiO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles (2017)

In this paper, we present a study of silicon surface passivation based on the use of spin-coated hybrid composite layers. We investigate both undoped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly-(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), as well as PEDOT:PSS functionalized with semiconducting oxide nanomaterials (TiO<sub>2</sub> and SnO<sub>2</sub>). The hybrid compound was deposited at room temperature by spin coating-a potentially lower cost, lower processing time and higher throughput alternative compared with the commonly used vacuum-based techniques. Photoluminescence imaging was used to characterize the electronic properties of the Si/PEDOT:PSS interface. Good surface passivation was achieved by PEDOT:PSS functionalized by semiconducting oxides. We show that control of the concentration of semiconducting oxide nanoparticles in the polymer is crucial in determining the passivation performance. A charge carrier lifetime of about 275 μs has been achieved when using SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.5 wt.% as a filler in the composite film. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive x-ray in an SEM, and μ-Raman spectroscopy have been used for the morphological, chemical and structural characterization. Finally, a simple model of a photovoltaic device based on PEDOT:PSS functionalized with semiconducting oxide nanoparticles has been fabricated and electrically characterized.
Development of a Detection System for Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood Using a Next Generation Conditionally-replicating Adenovirus (2013)

An easy and sensitive detection method for circulating tumor cells (CTC) is expected to be developed because CTC are a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of tumors and prognosis prediction of tumor patients. Our group has already developed a CTC detection method using a conditionally replicating adenovirus (Ad) which efficiently replicates and expresses GFP in telomerase-positive tumor cells. However, malignant tumor cells express much low levels of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), leading to inefficient infection with a conventional conditionally replicating Ad. In addition, a tiny fraction of normal blood cells, including lymphocytes, express GFP following infection. To overcome these problems, we have developed a next-generation conditionally replicating Ad. The next-generation conditionally replicating Ad possesses the fiber protein derived from Ad serotype 35, leading to efficient infection in both CAR-positive and -negative tumor cells, because the fiber protein of Ad serotype 35 binds to CD46, which is expressed on almost all human cells. Furthermore, sequences complementary to blood cell-specific miRNA (miR-142-3p) were inserted into the 3' untranslated region of the E1 gene and GFP gene, leading to the suppression of GFP expression in normal blood cells. In this symposium, we will not only introduce the importance of CTC as a biomarker and conventional CTC detection methods but also show our data of the novel CTC detection using the next-generation conditionally replicating Ad.
Synthesis of fluorinated diamond-like carbon films by the plasma immersion ion processing technique (2001)

The synthesis of fluorinated diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) films was investigated for the first time using the plasma immersion ion processing technique. A pulsed glow discharge plasma was generated at a pressure of 1 Pa from acetylene and hexafluoroethane gas mixtures and the films were deposited on silicon 〈100〉 substrates by applying a pulsed bias to the substrate holder. The film hardness, wear resistance and nonwetting properties were found to be strongly dependent on the fluorine content incorporated into the coatings. With an optimum gas ratio, the deposited F-DLC films were found to have nonwetting properties similar to Teflon®, but were 10 times harder (8 GPa).
The performance of the MIMO physical layer security system with imperfect CSI (2016)

It is an important approach for achieving secure physical layer transmission using beamforming technology of multi-antenna, most of the transmission models are built on the perfect channel estimation model. The paper studies the secure physical layer transmission of multi-antenna beamforming with imperfect channel estimation information (CSI) and discusses the realization of the physical layer security in the actual communication environment with channel estimation error. We build a secure physical layer transmission model using beamforming technology of multi-antenna combined with SVD precoding technology, and we also prove the realization of the model with simulation under imperfect CSI.
Effect of germanium concentration and tunnel oxide thickness on nanocrystal formation and charge storage/retention characteristics of a trilayer memory structure (2003)

The effect of germanium concentration and the rapid thermal oxide (RTO) layer thickness on the nanocrystal formation and charge storage/retention capability of a trilayer metal–insulator–semiconductor device was studied. We found that the RTO and the capping oxide layers were not totally effective in confining the Ge nanocrystals in the middle layer when a pure Ge middle layer was used for the formation of nanocrystals. From the transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy results, a significant diffusion of Ge atoms through the RTO and into the silicon substrate was observed when the RTO layer thickness was reduced to 2.5 nm. This resulted in no (or very few) nanocrystals formed in the system. For devices with a Ge+SiO2 cosputtered middle layer (i.e., lower Ge concentration), even though a higher charge storage capability was obtained from devices with a thinner RTO layer, the charge retention capability was poorer as compared to devices with a thicker RTO layer.
Abstract C15: A novel panel of serum biomarkers distinguishes asthma from non-small cell lung cancer (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Asthma affects an increasing proportion of the population and may predispose sufferers to lung cancer. Frequent misdiagnosis of asthma and lack of early detection tests for lung cancer might be mitigated by better diagnostic tests. We used multiplexed immunoassays and mass spectrometry to identify serum biomarkers capable of distinguishing asthma from non-small cell lung cancer, the most common type of lung cancer. Methods: Sera from normal subjects (NO; n = 300), patients with asthma (AST; n=180), and non-small cell lung cancer (LC; n = 334) were acquired from commercial vendors. Levels of 58 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were quantified using multiplexed immunoassays. For biomarker discovery, specimens were digested with trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization MS (LC ESI MS/MS). Proteins were identified using Mascot search software. Validation of select biomarkers identified by MS was achieved by immunodetection of target proteins in serum specimens. Data were reduced using inter-pathology comparisons with statistical significance determined using Student's t-test. Results: Multiplexed immunoassays identified 29 analytes with significant (t&lt;0.05) inter-pathology differences; 14 of these were highly significant (t &lt; 0.0001). We fund a subset of biomarkers with unexpectedly large inter-gender differences and distinct gender-specific expression patterns. Serum levels of interleukin-13 and small inducible cytokine b11 (I-TAC) showed the greatest difference between AST, LC, and NO sera. MS analysis to date identified 11 differentially expressed proteins that included 3 putative yet unnamed proteins identified by gene sequencing and 1 protein product corresponding to chromosome X open reading frame 38. The presence of select proteins discovered by MS (syntaxin 11, cAMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase type 7, and arginase) was confirmed and quantified by immunobloting. Conclusion: We have identified a group of serum biomarkers having high inter-pathology discrimination power that are capable of differentiating AST and LC from normal controls and that may potentially be used in diagnostic tests for early detection of lung pathologies. Our experimental strategy is widely applicable to discovery and validation of biomarkers for diverse human diseases, response to a therapy, or pre-selection of patients for clinical trials. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C15.
Scheduling to minimize staleness and stretch in real-time data warehouses (2009)

We study scheduling algorithms for loading data feeds into real time data warehouses, which are used in applications such as IP network monitoring, online financial trading, and credit card fraud detection. In these applications, the warehouse collects a large number of streaming data feeds that are generated by external sources and arrive asynchronously. Data for each table are generated at a constant rate, different tables possibly at different rates. For each data feed, the arrival of new data triggers an update that seeks to append the new data to the corresponding table; if multiple updates are pending for the same table, they are batched together before being loaded. At time τ, if a table has been updated with information up to time r≤τ, its staleness is defined as τ--r.